Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypertension, Bradycardia, and Pulmonary Edema in the Conscious Rabbit after Brainstem Lesions Coinciding with the A1 Group of Catecholamine Neurons

We studied the effects of lesions in the ventrolateral medulla, in a region coinciding with the cell bodies of the Al group of catecholamine neurons. After bilateral electrolytic lesions at three contiguous rostrocaudal levels (obex and at 1 and 2 mm caudal to the obex), mean arterial pressure increased by 40 mm Hg in the conscious rabbit. This rise in pressure was associated with increased resistance in the distal aortic vascular bed and with profound bradycardia. Many lesioned animals developed respiratory distress in the first few postoperative hours and died with hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. In surviving rabbits, the distal aortic resistance remained raised throughout the 2-week observation period, but the blood pressure and heart rate returned to preoperative levels within 2 hours and then remained normal. Bilateral electrolytic lesions restricted to the level of the obex or to a level 1 mm caudal to tbe obex also caused transient hypertension and bradycardia, but most of the animals survived this more restricted damage and did not develop pulmonary edema. Micro-injections of kainic acid, a neurotoiin that specifically damages cell bodies, also caused transient hypertension and bradycardia, and after larger doses the rabbits died with acute pulmonary edema. Injections of 6- hydroxydopamine caused similar changes in pressure and heart rate, but doses necessary to destroy the Al cells caused nonspecific histological damage of an extent similar to that produced by electrolytic lesions. Sham-lesioned animals and those with control lesions in adjacent sites did not develop these cardiovascular changes. These experiments suggest that the persistent increase in peripheral resistance after lesions of the ventrolateral medulla results from destruction of neurons that normally act to inhibit sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. It is our hypothesis that the increase in vascular resistance after the lesions results from destruction of the Al catecholamine cells within this ventrolateral region.
Study of dependence of HEMT noise parameters on gate periphery in microwave LNA design

Selection of the optimum gate periphery dimension of transistors is essential in LNA design for all applications. There are no explicit theoretical expressions to determine the dependency of the four noise parameters on the device gate periphery. Such dependency relationships can provide better guidance in device selection. In this work a dependency of noise figure, available gain, noise measure and noise resistance on gate dimension, at 6GHz spot frequency, is experimentally established based on several HEMTs from six different processes with varying gate periphery dimensions. This work serves as a building block of establishing a strong correlation of noise parameters of a HEMT on gate periphery dimension and confirms theoretical aspects that can aid microwave LNA designers in the selection of devices.
Amphotericin B and caspofungin resistance in Candida glabrata isolates recovered from a critically ill patient.

BACKGROUND Consecutive Candida glabrata isolates recovered from a patient in an intensive care unit were resistant to amphotericin B (minimum inhibitory concentration, up to 32 mu g/mL; determined by Etest [AB Biodisk]). Analyses at the national reference laboratory showed that some isolates were also resistant to azoles and caspofungin. In this study, 4 isolates were studied thoroughly using susceptibility assays and a mouse model and to determine clonality. METHODS Different broth microdilution tests, Etests, and time-kill studies for antifungals were performed in different media. Three of the 4 isolates were examined in an in vivo experiment, in which mice were challenged intravenously with 1 of 3 isolates and treated daily with amphotericin B, caspofungin, or saline. For the clonality studies, arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with the 4 isolates, 8 isolates obtained from nonrelated patients, and a reference strain. RESULTS The murine model indicated that 1 isolate was resistant to amphotericin B, 1 had intermediate susceptibility, and 1 was fully susceptible. Two of the 3 isolates were resistant to caspofungin. Microdilution methods did not reliably differentiate between amphotericin B-susceptible and -resistant isolates. All assays identified caspofungin-susceptible and -resistant isolates. Arbitrarily primed PCR showed that the 4 isolates probably were of clonal origin. CONCLUSIONS We have documented the emergence of amphotericin B-resistant and caspofungin-resistant C. glabrata isolates during treatment of a critically ill liver transplant recipient. Only the Etest predicted amphotericin B resistance in the isolates. We recommend that important fungal strains recovered from patients who are receiving antifungal therapy should be tested for susceptibility to the antifungal drug used, because resistance can be present initially or may occur during treatment.
Appliance consumption signature database and recognition test protocols

We report on the creation of a database of appliance consumption signatures and two test protocols to be used for appliance recognition tasks. By means of plug-based low-end sensors measuring the electrical consumption at low frequency, typically every 10 seconds, we made two acquisition sessions of one hour on about 100 home appliances divided into 10 categories: mobile phones (via chargers), coffee machines, computer stations (including monitor), fridges and freezers, Hi-Fi systems (CD players), lamp (CFL), laptops (via chargers), microwave oven, printers, and televisions (LCD or LED). We measured their consumption in terms of real power (W), reactive power (var), RMS current (A) and phase of voltage relative to current (φ). We now give free access to this ACS-Fl database. The proposed test protocols will help the scientific community to objectively compare new algorithms.
What Can the Money Data Tell Us About the Impact of QE?

This article reviews the main influences on broad money growth since the onset of the global crisis, focusing on the impact of the Monetary Policy Committee’s asset purchase programme (QE). The underlying weakness in money growth is likely to have reflected a combination of reduced nominal demand and a restructuring of banks’ balance sheets. QE has played a key role in offsetting some of this weakness and in a way that has not depended on an increase in bank lending. The first two rounds of QE seem to have had a similar proportionate impact on the money supply, but there is some evidence that the transmission mechanism of QE may have been different over the two episodes.
The "gated-diode" configuration in MOSFET's, a sensitive tool for characterizing hot-carrier degradation

This paper describes a new measurement technique, the forward gated-diode current characterized at low drain voltages to be applied in MOSFET's for investigating hot-carrier stress-induced defects at high spatial resolution. The generation/recombination current in the drain-to-substrate diode as a function of gate voltage, combined with two-dimensional numerical simulation, provides a sensitive tool for detecting the spatial distribution and density of interface defects. In the case of strong accumulation, additional information is obtained from interband tunneling processes occurring via interface defects. The various mechanisms for generating interface defects and fixed charges at variable stress conditions are discussed, showing that information complementary to that available from other methods is obtained. >
The microgenesis of action-e V ect binding

Ideomotor theories of human action control assume that performing a movement leads to the automatic integration of the underlying motor pattern with codes of its perceptual consequences. We studied the microgenesis of action-eVect integration by varying the mapping of action eVects upon actions from trial to trial. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that perceiving a tone repetition systematically aVects one’s tendency to carry out the response that produced that tone in the previous trial, suggesting that even the unintentional production of a stimulus creates a temporary binding of that stimulus with the action that brought it about. Experiments 3 and 4 extended this Wnding in suggesting that the integration and/or retrieval of action eVects is modulated by attentional factors: Ongoing performance is more impacted by action eVects if they are salient or match the current attentional set.
Employment outcomes and patterns of real estate graduates: is gender a matter?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gender has an impact on real estate and built environment graduates’ employment outcomes, employment patterns and other important employment related issues, such as pay, role, contract type and employment opportunity in different states of a country. Design/methodology/approach – The data used in this paper has been collected from the Australian Graduate Survey (AGS). Data from the years 2010-2012 was combined into a single data set. Dimensionality reduction was used to prepare the data set for the courses listed in AGS data, in order to develop the simplified classifications for real estate and built environment courses which are used to conduct further analysis in this paper. Dimensionality reduction was also used to prepare data set for the further analysis of the employment outcomes and patterns for real estate graduates. Descriptive and statistical analysis methods were used to identify the impact of gender on the employment outcomes, empl.
Transcriptional Responses of Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Infection with Vibrio cholerae

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is a noninvasive enteric bacterium that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. Candidate cholera vaccines have been engineered by deleting genes encoding known virulence factors in V. cholerae; however, many of these attenuated strains were still reactogenic in human volunteers. In this study, DNA arrays were utilized to monitor the transcriptional responses of human intestinal epithelial cells (T84) to eight strains of V. cholerae, including attenuated, toxigenic, and environmental isolates. cDNA probes generated from host RNA samples were hybridized against low- and high-density gene arrays. V. cholerae induced the transcription of a variety of host genes and repressed the expression of a lower number of genes. Expression patterns were confirmed for certain genes by reverse transcriptase PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A core subset of genes was found to be differentially regulated in all experiments. These genes included genes involved in innate mucosal immunity, intracellular signaling, and cellular proliferation. Reactogenic vaccine strains induced greater expression of genes for certain proinflammatory cytokines than nonreactogenic strains. Wild-type and attenuated derivatives induced and repressed many genes in common, although there were differences in the transcription profiles. These results indicate that the types of host genes modulated by attenuated V. cholerae, and the extent of their induction, may mediate the symptoms seen with reactogenic cholera vaccine strains.
Speeded-up and Compact Visual Codebook for Object Recognition

The well known framework in the object recognition literature uses local information extracted at several patches in images which are then clustered by a suitable clustering technique. A visual codebook maps the patch-based descriptors into a fixed-length vector in histogram space to which standard classifiers can be directly applied. Thus, the construction of a codebook is an important step which is usually done by cluster analysis. However, it is still difficult to construct a compact codebook with reduced computational cost. This paper evaluates the effectiveness and generalisation performance of the Resource-Allocating Codebook (RAC) approach that overcomes the problem of constructing fixed size codebooks that can be used at any time in the learning process and the learning patterns do not have to be repeated. It either allocates a new codeword based on the novelty of a newly seen pattern, or adapts the codebook to fit that observation. Furthermore, we improve RAC to yield codebooks that are more compact. We compare and contrast the recognition performance of RAC evaluated with two distinctive feature descriptors: SIFT and SURF and two clustering techniques: K-means and Fast Reciprocal Nearest Neighbours (fast-RNN) algorithms. SVM is used in classifying the image signatures. The entire visual object recognition pipeline has been tested on three benchmark datasets: PASCAL visual object classes challenge 2007, UIUC texture, and MPEG-7 Part-B silhouette image datasets. Experimental results show that RAC is suitable for constructing codebooks due to its wider span of the feature space. Moreover, RAC takes only one-pass through the entire data that slightly outperforms traditional approaches at drastically reduced computing times. The modified RAC performs slightly better than RAC and gives more compact codebook. Future research should focus on designing more discriminative and compact codebooks such as RAC rather than focusing on methods tuned to achieve high performance in classification.
Distributed cooperative diversity method for P2P file sharing over wireless ad hoc network

In wireless ad hoc networks, if we design the cooperative diversity method during download process to utilize the wireless medium and common files source, the file download performance would be improved significantly. In this paper, we propose novel protocols, opportunistic downloading protocol (ODP) and opportunistic DF broadcast downloading protocol(ODFBP). Our new protocols could adaptively work in different file distribution scenarios. ODP corresponds to single requesting peer, it first select the source with the best channel condition from M available local neighbor source file peers and then requests the file data from the selected source. We introduce a distributed CDF based mu-law time expire source choice method where each source peers only have the knowledge of local instantaneous channel gain. While ODFBP work in dual requesting peers scenario, it includes our distributed common source choice algorithm and DF (decode and forward) protocols for cooperative broadcast channels. And the information theoretic analysis of outage probability shows that the ODFBP schemes can obtain M(the number of the file source) times diversity-multiplex tradeoff gain.
Hyperbolicity of the complement of plane algebraic curves

The paper is a contribution of the conjecture of Kobayashi that the complement of a generic plain curve of degree at least five is hyperbolic. The main result is that the complement of a generic configuration of three quadrics is hyperbolic and hyperbolically embedded as well as the complement of two quadrics and a line.
Perfusion and diffusion imaging: a potential tool for improved diagnosis of CNS vasculitis.

Central nervous system vasculitis (CNSV) is a rare inflammatory disease associated with many causes [(1)][1] that usually involve the small vessels of the parenchyma and meninges [(2–4)][2]. Despite its rarity, vasculitis is suspected daily. Diagnostic angiography is frequently requested to rule
The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Regulates Nitric Oxide-Mediated Apoptosis of Neurons Induced by Target Deprivation

Ablation of mouse occipital cortex induces precisely timed and uniform p53-modulated and Bax-dependent apoptosis of thalamocortical projection neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) by 7 d after lesion. We tested the hypothesis that this neuronal apoptosis is initiated by oxidative stress and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Preapoptotic LGN neurons accumulate mitochondria, Zn2+ and Ca2+, and generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite, than LGN neurons with an intact cortical target. Preapoptosis of LGN neurons is associated with increased formation of protein carbonyls, protein nitration, and protein S-nitrosylation. Genetic deletion of nitric oxide synthase 1 (nos1) and inhibition of NOS1 with nitroindazole protected LGN neurons from apoptosis, revealing NO as a mediator. Putative components of the mPTP are expressed in mouse LGN, including the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), and cyclophilin D (CyPD). Nitration of CyPD and ANT in LGN mitochondria occurs by 2 d after cortical injury. Chemical cross-linking showed that LGN neuron preapoptosis is associated with formation of CyPD and VDAC oligomers, consistent with mPTP formation. Mice without CyPD are rescued from neuron apoptosis as are mice treated with the mPTP inhibitors TRO-19622 (cholest-4-en-3-one oxime) and TAT-Bcl-XL-BH4. Manipulation of the mPTP markedly attenuated the early preapoptotic production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in target-deprived neurons. Our results demonstrate in adult mouse brain neurons that the mPTP functions to enhance ROS production and the mPTP and NO trigger apoptosis; thus, the mPTP is a target for neuroprotection in vivo.
The unemployment rate as an economic indicator

URING the most recent recession, the unemployment rate rose to its highest level since the depression years of the 1930s, reaching 8.9 percent in May 1975. The unemployment rate has since declined and stood at 7.9 percent in August of this year. Despite this decline, unemployment is still unacceptably high, with 7.5 million persons reporting that they want to work but have not found jobs. The unemployment picture has been aggravated by increases in the unemployment rate in recent months. Besides contributing to fears that the economic recovery is weakening, such increases intensify pressure for adopting policy measures designed to reduce unemployment.
TrkA, But Not TrkC, Receptors Are Essential for Survival of Sympathetic Neurons In Vivo

Neurotrophins and their signaling receptors, the Trk family of protein tyrosine kinases, play a major role in the development of the mammalian nervous system. To determine the precise stages that require Trk receptor signaling during development of the sympathetic system, we have analyzed the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of embryonic and postnatal mice defective for each of the known Trk receptors. Transcripts encoding TrkC are detected in early sympathetic development, before the coalescence of the SCG. trkA expression appears at E13.5, becoming robust from E15.5 onward. In contrast, trkC expression decreases significantly after E15.5 and remains detectable only in a small subpopulation of cells. No significant trkB expression could be detected in the SCG at any developmental stage. Ablation of TrkA receptors does not affect neurogenesis, expression of neuronal markers, or initial axonal growth. However, these receptors are absolutely necessary for the survival of sympathetic neurons after E15.5 and for proper innervation of their distal targets. In contrast, mice defective for either TrkC or TrkB tyrosine kinase receptors do not display detectable defects in their SCGs. These results illustrate the differential roles of the Trk family of receptors during SCG development and define a critical role for TrkA signaling in the survival, but not differentiation, of SCG neurons. Moreover, these observations raise the possibility that at least some SCG neurons become neurotrophin-dependent before complete target innervation.
Degradation of organic phosphorus compounds in anoxic Baltic Sea sediments: A 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study

The composition and abundance of phosphorus extracted by NaOH‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid from anoxic Northwest Baltic Sea sediment was characterized and quantified using solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Extracts from sediment depths down to 55 cm, representing 85 yr of deposition, contained 18.5 g m‐2 orthophosphate. Orthophosphate monoesters, teichoic acid P, microbial P lipids, DNA P, and pyrophosphate corresponded to 6.7, 0.3, 1.1, 3.0, and 0.03 g P m‐2, respectively. The degradability of these compound groups was estimated by their decline in concentration with sediment depth. Pyrophosphate had the shortest half‐life (3 yr), followed by microbial P lipids with a half‐life of 5 yr, DNA P (8 yr), and orthophosphate monoesters (16 yr). No decline in concentration with sediment depth was observed for orthophosphate or teichoic acid P.
Do terrestrial hermit crabs sniff? Air flow and odorant capture by flicking antennules

Capture of odorant molecules by olfactory organs from the surrounding fluid is the first step of smelling. Sniffing intermittently moves fluid across sensory surfaces, increasing delivery rates of molecules to chemosensory receptors and providing discrete odour samples. Aquatic malacostracan crustaceans sniff by flicking olfactory antennules bearing arrays of chemosensory hairs (aesthetascs), capturing water in the arrays during downstroke and holding the sample during return stroke. Terrestrial malacostracans also flick antennules, but how their flicking affects odour capture from air is not understood. The terrestrial hermit crab, Coenobita rugosus, uses antennules bearing shingle-shaped aesthetascs to capture odours. We used particle image velocimetry to measure fine-scale fluid flow relative to a dynamically scaled physical model of a flicking antennule, and computational simulations to calculate diffusion to aesthetascs by odorant molecules carried in that flow. Air does not flow into the aesthetasc array during flick downstrokes or recovery strokes. Odorants are captured from air flowing around the outside of the array during flick downstrokes, when aesthetascs face upstream and molecule capture rates are 21% higher than for stationary antennules. Bursts of flicking followed by pauses deliver discrete odour samples to olfactory sensors, causing intermittency in odour capture by a different mechanism than aquatic crustaceans use.
The Empirical Determinants of Local-Currency-Denominated Corporate Spreads in Emerging Economies: Evidence from South Africa-July 2007

This paper analyzes and quantifies the importance of sovereign risk in determining corporate yield spreads in emerging economies. It also investigates the extent to which the practice by rating agencies and banks of not rating companies higher than their sovereign (“country or sovereign ceiling”) is reflected in the spreads of South African local-currency-denominated corporate bonds. The main findings are: (i) sovereign risk appears to be the single most important determinant of corporate spreads in South Africa; (ii) the sovereign ceiling does not apply in the spreads of the industrial multinational companies in the sample; and (iii) consistent with rating agency practice, the sovereign ceiling appears to apply in the spreads of most financial companies in the sample.