Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanotransduction in bone: do bone cells act as sensors of fluid flow?

When compact bone is subjected to bending loads, interstitial fluid in the bone matrix flows away from regions of high compressive stress. The amount of interstitial fluid flow is strongly influenced by the loading rate in a dose‐dependent fashion, We hypothesize that interstitial fluid flow affects bone formation, and we tested this hypothesis indirectly by measuring the effect of different loading frequencies on bone formation rate in vivo. The right tibiae of adult female rats were subjected to applied bending at frequencies of 0.05. 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz for a 2‐wk period. The rats were then killed and histomorphometric measurements of bone formation were made of the midshaft of the tibia. Bending of the tibia increased bone formation rate in the higher‐frequency (0.5 to 2.0 Hz) loading groups as much as fourfold, yet no increase in bone formation rate was observed for loading frequencies below 0.5 Hz. In a separate experiment, we found stress‐generated potentials (SGP) in the rat tibia to increase monotonically with increasing loading frequency. The dose‐response relationship between loading frequency and the bone formation response closely resembles the relationship between loading frequency and SGP within bone. The qualitative similarity between these two relationships suggests that increased bone formation is associated with increased SGP, which are caused by interstitial fluid flow. Bone cells are known to be sensitive to electric fields and may respond directly to SGP. Also, fluid shear forces have been shown to stimulate bone cells in culture, so it is possible that increased interstitial fluid flow directly affects bone formation. — Turner, C. H. , Forwood, M. R. , Otter, M. W. Mechanotransduction∗∗∗ in bone: do bone cells act as sensors of fluid flow? FASEB J. 8: 875‐878; 1994.
A laboratory listening experiment on subjective and objective rating of impact sound insulation of concrete floors

A listening experiment on the associations between single-number quantities (SNQs) of impact sound insulation and subjective rating of impact sounds was conducted. The experiment was participated by 55 subjects in order to rate subjectively 44 sounds which were recordings of five actual impact sound sources directed to nine floor types. Eight objective SNQs were calculated for the floor types. A correlation analysis between the objective SNQs and subjective annoyance or loudness was carried out. The best standardized indicators of subjective loudness regarding walking with hard-heeled and soft-heeled shoes and chair moving were L’n,w + CI, L’n,w + CI,50-2500. As well correlating indicators were also the SNQs developed by Fasold, Gerretsen and Bodlund. The indicators L’n,w and the SNQ developed by Hagberg correlated less with the subjective loudness and annoyance of the mentioned three sound types. The subjective ratings of walking with socks and superball bouncing were weakly correlated with the SNQs. Thus, there is a need for the development of new SNQs which would correlate better with general sound types.
Impact of the Universal Hepatitis B Immunization Program in Mongolia: Achievements and Challenges

BACKGROUND The impact of the universal infant hepatitis B (HB) immunization program initiated in 1991 in Mongolia is still unclear. METHODS A nationwide school-based cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in 2004, with stratified, multistage, random cluster sampling from all public elementary schools (n=593) in Mongolia. All children were tested for serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). RESULTS Serology results were available for 1,145 children (592 boys and 553 girls) aged 7-12 years (survey response rate: 93%). Immunization card was available for 702 (61.3%) children. The coverage of complete HB vaccination was 60.1% and it was increased by birth cohort from 44% to 76%. Significantly higher proportion of children in Metropolitan cities (75.2%) was completely vaccinated with HB compared to those in Province centers (55.7%) and rural areas (59.1%). HBV infection occurred in 5.9%, 13.2%, and 20.8% of complete vaccinees living in Metropolitan, Province centers, and rural areas, respectively; of whom 1.2%, 2.9%, and 8.6% were HB surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, respectively. Only 17.0% of the children had protective anti-HBs which decreased from 31.1% to 16.3% among 7 to 12-year-olds indicating its decay with time. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of HBV infection and carriage among young generation meaningfully declined compared with those of previous studies in Mongolia. The coverage of birth dose and complete HB vaccination was significantly low in Province centers and rural areas which should be taken into consideration.
Da educação à comunicação: um mapeamento da utilização do vídeo online em universidades portuguesas

A utilização de conteúdos de vídeo online por Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) em Portugal tem aumentado de forma evidente durante a última década. Extravasando a função inicialmente associada à aprendizagem, o vídeo foi progressivamente adotado como ferramenta de comunicação, num contexto marcado pela competição e pelas dificuldades orçamentais cada vez mais generalizadas. Este artigo procura explicar e contextualizar as condições tecnológicas e sociais, assim como as alterações no consumo mediático que permitiram a proliferação do vídeo na web, como forma de as IES potenciarem a captação de alunos e como ferramenta de comunicação de uma imagem diferenciada. Recorrendo a uma pesquisa que cruza dados de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, este estudo identifica as tendências mais relevantes da criação e divulgação de vídeo na internet pelas universidades portuguesas, concluindo que se trata de uma prática generalizada, com uma grande variedade de formas de implementação, e frequentemente pouco estruturada.
More supersymmetric standard-like models from intersecting D6-branes on type IIA orientifolds

We present new classes of supersymmetric Standard-like models from type IIA T 6 /(Z2 × Z2) orientifold with intersecting D6-branes. D6-branes can wrap general supersymmetric three-cycles of T 6 = T 2 × T 2 × T 2 , and any T 2 is allowed to be tilted. The models still suffer from additional exotics, however we obtained solutions with fewer Higgs doublets, as well as models with all three families of left-handed quarks and leptons arising from the same intersecting sector, and examples of a genuine left-right symmetric model with three copies of left-handed and right-handed families of quarks and leptons.
Feeling and Believing: The Influence of Emotion on Trust

The authors report results from 5 experiments that describe the influence of emotional states on trust. They found that incidental emotions significantly influence trust in unrelated settings. Happiness and gratitude—emotions with positive valence—increase trust, and anger—an emotion with negative va-lence—decreases trust. Specifically, they found that emotions characterized by other-person control (anger and gratitude) and weak control appraisals (happiness) influence trust significantly more than emotions characterized by personal control (pride and guilt) or situational control (sadness). These findings suggest that emotions are more likely to be misattributed when the appraisals of the emotion are consistent with the judgment task than when the appraisals of the emotion are inconsistent with the judgment task. Emotions do not influence trust when individuals are aware of the source of their emotions or when individuals are very familiar with the trustee.
Institutional variables, collegial relationships, and occupational satisfaction: Testing the Conceptual Framework of Faculty Job Satisfaction among counselor educators

INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLES, COLLEGIAL RELATIONSHIPS, AND OCCUPATIONAL SATISFACTION: TESTING THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF FACULTY JOB SATISFACTION AMONG COUNSELOR EDUCATORS Rebecca E. Michel Old Dominion University, 2012 Dissertation Chair: Dr. Danica G. Hays Occupational satisfaction is the extent to which individuals are fulfilled by their employment. The Conceptual Framework of Faculty Job Satisfaction (Hagedorn, 2000) describes how aspects of work impact occupational satisfaction, yet researchers have not previously used this model with counselor educators. This study investigated the applicability of the model, as well as the impact of institutional and interpersonal variables, on a sample of 296 counselor educators (26.86% response rate). Findings suggested the model predicted over half of the variance in occupational satisfaction. Significant predictors of satisfaction included work itself, responsibility, recognition, salary, collegial relationships, administration, and climate. Counselor educator occupational satisfaction was also predicted by relational variables, including involvement in a mentoring relationship, satisfaction with colleagues, and satisfaction with the department chair. Individuals involved in a mentoring relationship reported a more positive departmental climate and greater scholarship engagement than peers without a mentor or mentee. Findings suggested no difference in occupational satisfaction based on CACREP accreditation status or union status and a slight difference based on teaching method. Implications for future training and research are discussed. Dissertation Committee Members: Dr. Theodore P. Remley, Jr. Dr. Mark C. Rehfuss
Running Repairs: Coordinating Meaning in Dialogue

People give feedback in conversation: both positive signals of understanding, such as nods, and negative signals of misunderstanding, such as frowns. How do signals of understanding and misunderstanding affect the coordination of language use in conversation? Using a chat tool and a maze-based reference task, we test two experimental manipulations that selectively interfere with feedback in live conversation: (a) "Attenuation" that replaces positive signals of understanding such as "right" or "okay" with weaker, more provisional signals such as "errr" or "umm" and (2) "Amplification" that replaces relatively specific signals of misunderstanding from clarification requests such as "on the left? " with generic signals of trouble such as "huh? " or "eh? ". The results show that Amplification promotes rapid convergence on more systematic, abstract ways of describing maze locations while Attenuation has no significant effect. We interpret this as evidence that "running repairs"-the processes of dealing with misunderstandings on the fly-are key drivers of semantic coordination in dialogue. This suggests a new direction for experimental work on conversation and a productive way to connect the empirical accounts of Conversation Analysis with the representational and processing concerns of Formal Semantics and Psycholinguistics.
Effects of Caliber Size and Fat Level on the Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Serovars in Dry Fermented Sausage

EFFECTS OF CALIBER SIZE AND FAT LEVEL ON THE INACTIVATION OF E. COLI O157:H7 AND SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVARS IN DRY FERMENTED SAUSAGES James DeSouza Advisor: University of Guelph, 2016 Professor S. Barbut The effects of caliber size and fat level on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovars in dry fermented sausage (DFS) were examined. Sausages batters of two fat levels (low, 9.67%; high, 18.46% w/w) were inoculated with a Salmonella enterica serovars or E. coli O157:H7 five strain cocktail and stuffed into small, medium, and large (32, 55, 80 mm) caliber casings. The sausages were fermented and dried for eight weeks, following conventional commercial procedures and monitored for changes in pathogen counts, pH, aw, and moisture:protein ratio (M:Pr). A significantly (P<0.05) faster reduction of S. enterica serovars was seen in comparison to E. coli O157:H7 in all sausages. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the reduction of S. enterica serovars between the six sausage types, while high fat and larger caliber sizes required longer drying in order to acheive a 5 log reduction of E. coli O157:H7.
Choice, charter schools, and household preferences

Previous research indicates that minority and low-SES households have different preferences for schools than Anglo and high-SES households. Some fear that in a system of school choice, these differences will result in segregation by race and class. Methods. This research analyzes new data generated by 1,100 interviews of choosing parents. Results. While there are differences between racial/ ethnic and income groups in terms of their preferences regarding their children's schools, the differences do not extend to the parents' common concern for academic excellence. Where value sets do differ, they seem to do so because of differences in the real-world circumstances faced by these two groups rather than due to a failure to value school quality, as previous research sometimes implies. Conclusions. These data do not support the argument that the central educational preferences of households differ by race and/or class, nor the implication that school choice programs will promote racial and class segregation
Practical analysis of IEEE 802.11b/g cards in multirate ad hoc mode

In multirate ad hoc networks, mobile stations usually adapt their transmission rates to the channel conditions. This paper investigates the behavior of IEEE 802.11b/g cards in a multirate ad hoc environment. The theoretical upper bound estimation of the throughput in multirate ad hoc networks is derived. The measurement scenarios and obtained results are presented. For result validation the theoretical and experimental values are compared. The achieved results, presented in the form of figures, show that cards manufactured by independent vendors perform differently. Therefore, choosing the optimum configuration, according to the user’s requirements, is possible. Keywords— ad hoc, IEEE 802.11b/g cards, measurements, multirate.
Searchable Encryption and Fuzzy Keyword Search in Cloud Computing Technology

Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to keep up data and applications. As becomes more mature, many organizations and individuals are attracted in storing more accessible data e.g. personal data files, company related information in the cloud. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth. Typically, the cloud servers also need to support a keyword search feature for these encrypted files. Traditional searchable encryption schemes typically only support exact keyword matches. However, users sometimes have types or use slightly different formats e.g. "multi - keyword" versus "multi keyword". Recently, some researchers propose using wildcard and gram based approach to provide fuzzy keyword search. They also propose a solution for fuzzy multi-keyword search. Incremental updates can be easily done using our solution. Our evaluation results show that our approach is more cost-effective in terms of storage size, construction time and processing speed. Our search time is compare to better than the wildcard based and gram based technique for fuzzy multi-keyword queries where many encrypted files are returned using single-word queries for approaches that do not support fuzzy multi-keyword queries. This paper we concentrates only privacy-aware bedtree based approach to support fuzzy multi-keyword search feature.
TFIIH: New Discoveries Regarding its Mechanisms and Impact on Cancer Treatment

The deregulation of gene expression is a characteristic of cancer cells, and malignant cells require very high levels of transcription to maintain their cancerous phenotype and survive. Therefore, components of the basal transcription machinery may be considered as targets to preferentially kill cancerous cells. TFIIH is a multisubunit basal transcription factor that also functions in nucleotide excision repair. The recent discoveries of some small molecules that interfere with TFIIH and that preferentially kill cancer cells have increased researchers' interest to elucidate the complex mechanisms by which TFIIH operates. In this review, we summarize the knowledge generated during the 25 years of TFIIH research, highlighting the recent advances in TFIIH structural and mechanistic analyses that suggest the potential of TFIIH as a target for cancer treatment.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Effects of Sorafenib and Arsenic Trioxide in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is a clonal disorder caused by acquired somatic mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. According to some evidence, progression of hematolymphoid malignancies depends on the induction of new blood vessel formation under the influence of acute leukemia. Various factors are produced by cancer cells under hypoxic conditions to increase vascular formation. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role. Cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) have been reported in many cancers. Sorafenib, known as an angiogenic inhibitor, decreases leukemic cell survival. The aim of this study was to indicate combination effects of ATO and sorafenib in two AML cell lines, KG-1 and U937. Effective doses was determined by MTT assay for both single and combination treatments. Percentages of apoptotic cells were evaluated by Annexin V FITC staining and mRNA levels of VEGF isoforms and receptor expression were investigated by Real-Time PCR. Our data show that sorafenib (5μM and 7μM in KG-1 and U937 cell lines respectively), ATO (1.618μM and 1μM in KG-1 and U937 cell lines respectively), and also their combination significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. In addition the mRNA level of VEGF isoforms was downregulated in the U937 cell line while upregulated in KG-1 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the VEGF autocrine loop may have an influence on AML development and progression and could be consider as a therapeutic target. The combination of sorafenib as a VEGF inhibitor with ATO synergistically inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis.
A comparative analysis of SIFT, SURF, KAZE, AKAZE, ORB, and BRISK

Image registration is the process of matching, aligning and overlaying two or more images of a scene, which are captured from different viewpoints. It is extensively used in numerous vision based applications. Image registration has five main stages: Feature Detection and Description; Feature Matching; Outlier Rejection; Derivation of Transformation Function; and Image Reconstruction. Timing and accuracy of feature-based Image Registration mainly depend on computational efficiency and robustness of the selected feature-detector-descriptor, respectively. Therefore, choice of feature-detector-descriptor is a critical decision in feature-matching applications. This article presents a comprehensive comparison of SIFT, SURF, KAZE, AKAZE, ORB, and BRISK algorithms. It also elucidates a critical dilemma: Which algorithm is more invariant to scale, rotation and viewpoint changes? To investigate this problem, image matching has been performed with these features to match the scaled versions (5% to 500%), rotated versions (0° to 360°), and perspective-transformed versions of standard images with the original ones. Experiments have been conducted on diverse images taken from benchmark datasets: University of OXFORD, MATLAB, VLFeat, and OpenCV. Nearest-Neighbor-Distance-Ratio has been used as the feature-matching strategy while RANSAC has been applied for rejecting outliers and fitting the transformation models. Results are presented in terms of quantitative comparison, feature-detection-description time, feature-matching time, time of outlier-rejection and model fitting, repeatability, and error in recovered results as compared to the ground-truths. SIFT and BRISK are found to be the most accurate algorithms while ORB and BRISK are most efficient. The article comprises rich information that will be very useful for making important decisions in vision based applications and main aim of this work is to set a benchmark for researchers, regardless of any particular area.
Multimodal Learning Analytics and Education Data Mining: using computational technologies to measure complex learning tasks

New high-frequency multimodal data collection technologies and machine learning analysis techniques could offer new insights into learning, especially when students have the opportunity to generate unique, personalized artifacts, such as computer programs, robots, and solutions engineering challenges. To date most of the work on learning analytics and educational data mining has been focused on online courses and cognitive tutors, both of which provide a high degree of structure to the tasks, and are restricted to interactions that occur in front of a computer screen. In this paper, we argue that multimodal learning analytics can offer new insights into students’ learning trajectories in more complex and open-ended learning environments. We present several examples of this work and its educational application.
Two sides of the same coin: Information processing style and reverse biases

This paper examines the effect of information processing styles (indexed by the Rational-Experiential Inventory of Pacini & Epstein, 1999) on adherence to bias judgments, and particularly to reverse biases; i.e., when two choice questions that comprise identical normative components are set in different situations and yield seemingly opposite behavioral biases. We found consistent evidence for a negative correlation between rational score and adherence to reverse biases, as well as overall biases, for all three pairs of reverse biases tested. Further, this effect of rational thinking was more pronounced for high experiential individuals, in that high-rational and high-experiential participants committed fewer biases than all other participants. These results lend weight to our claim that low-rational individuals, who are more sensitive to the context, are more prone to utilize some attribute of the provided information when it is uncalled for, but at the same time tend to ignore it or give it too little weight when it is a crucial factor in a normative decision process.
Labour Market Impact of Large Scale Internal Migration on Chinese Urban 'Native' Workers

Hundreds of millions of rural migrants have moved into Chinese cities since the early 1990s contributing greatly to economic growth, yet, they are often blamed for reducing urban 'native' workers’ employment opportunities, suppressing their wages and increasing pressure on infrastructure and other public facilities. This paper examines the causal relationship between rural-urban migration and urban native workers' labour market outcomes in Chinese cities. After controlling for the endogeneity problem our results show that rural migrants in urban China have modest positive or zero effects on the average employment and insignificant impact on earnings of urban workers. When examine the impact on unskilled labours we once again find it to be positive and insignificant. We conjecture that the reason for the lack of adverse effects is due partially to the labour market segregation between the migrants and urban natives, and partially due to the complementarities between the two groups of workers. Further investigation reveals that the increase in migrant inflow is related to the demand expansion and that if the economic growth continues, elimination of labour market segregation may not necessarily lead to an adverse impact of migration on urban native labour market outcomes.