Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acuity-independent effects of visual deprivation on human visual cortex

Significance Deviation of the direction of two eyes (strabismus) or chronic optical blur (anisometropia) separately and together can disrupt the development of visual cortex. To shed new light on how these two forms of visual deprivation affect cortical development, we used event-related potentials coupled with a stimulation paradigm to study the temporal evolution of visual responses in patients who had experienced either strabismus or anisometropia early in life. Our results indicate that strabismus generates significant abnormalities at both early and later stages of cortical processing and, importantly, that these abnormalities are independent of visual-acuity deficits. The nonamblyopic eyes of anisometropic amblyopes, by contrast, are normal, suggesting that these two forms of visual deprivation are differentiated very early in visual cortex. Visual development depends on sensory input during an early developmental critical period. Deviation of the pointing direction of the two eyes (strabismus) or chronic optical blur (anisometropia) separately and together can disrupt the formation of normal binocular interactions and the development of spatial processing, leading to a loss of stereopsis and visual acuity known as amblyopia. To shed new light on how these two different forms of visual deprivation affect the development of visual cortex, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to study the temporal evolution of visual responses in patients who had experienced either strabismus or anisometropia early in life. To make a specific statement about the locus of deprivation effects, we took advantage of a stimulation paradigm in which we could measure deprivation effects that arise either before or after a configuration-specific response to illusory contours (ICs). Extraction of ICs is known to first occur in extrastriate visual areas. Our ERP measurements indicate that deprivation via strabismus affects both the early part of the evoked response that occurs before ICs are formed as well as the later IC-selective response. Importantly, these effects are found in the normal-acuity nonamblyopic eyes of strabismic amblyopes and in both eyes of strabismic patients without amblyopia. The nonamblyopic eyes of anisometropic amblyopes, by contrast, are normal. Our results indicate that beyond the well-known effects of strabismus on the development of normal binocularity, it also affects the early stages of monocular feature processing in an acuity-independent fashion.
The case for the ability‐based model of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior

In this second counterpoint article, we refute the claims of Landy, Locke, and Conte, and make the more specific case for our perspective, which is that ability-based models of emotional intelligence have value to add in the domain of organizational psychology. In this article, we address remaining issues, such as general concerns about the tenor and tone of the debates on this topic, a tendency for detractors to collapse across emotional intelligence models when reviewing the evidence and making judgments, and subsequent penchant to thereby discount all models, including the ability-based one, as lacking validity. We specifically refute the following three claims from our critics with the most recent empirically based evidence: (1) emotional intelligence is dominated by opportunistic academics-turned-consultants who have amassed much fame and fortune based on a concept that is shabby science at best; (2) the measurement of emotional intelligence is grounded in unstable, psychometrically flawed instruments, which have not demonstrated appropriate discriminant and predictive validity to warrant/justify their use; and (3) there is weak empirical evidence that emotional intelligence is related to anything of importance in organizations. We thus end with an overview of the empirical evidence supporting the role of emotional intelligence in organizational and social behavior.
Future Recruiters’ Attitudes Toward Gender Dysphoric Individuals

Gender dysphoric individuals are a growing number in society and like other minority groups they are at risk of falling victim to discrimination. In an attempt to understand how attitudes affect discriminatory behaviour in a recruitment situation, future recruiters’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward gender dysphoric individuals were measured in relation to a resume choice task. Implicit attitudes were measured with an Implicit Association Test and explicit attitudes with a transphobia scale. An independent sample t-test was conducted (N = 42), to measure if implicit attitudes differed between participants who chose a resume of a gender dysphoric individual and participants that chose a resume of a non-gender dysphoric individual. Although no significant differences in attitudes between the two groups were found, the results indicate other noteworthy differences in that a vast majority of participants had negative implicit attitudes toward gender dysphoric individuals in contrast to their positive explicit attitudes.
Extraproximal Method Application for a Stackelberg–Nash Equilibrium Calculation in Static Hierarchical Games

A regularized version of the extraproximal method is suggested for finding the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium in a multiparticipant static game. There exist two levels of hierarchy in decision making: The first one consists of a leader decision, and the second one is formed by the decisions of the (N - 1) followers. The followers react to the leader's announced strategy by playing according to the Nash equilibrium concept, selecting among themselves that whose equilibrium is most favorable or unfavorable for the leader. Here, applying the extraproximal technique, the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium is attained. The convergence of the suggested procedure is analyzed. Simulation results illustrate the feasibility of this method.
Conservative Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot

Operation in the early stage of clubfoot is still a controversial issue. Twenty-five patients treated conservatively were studied at the age of 4–16 years. In 95%, the outcome was either excellent or good according to Laaveg and Ponseti's rating system. Operation appears not to be indicated when the residual varus, adductus, or intoeing is passively correctable at least to the neutral position. Residual equinus without fixed varus was correctable by serial casting in childhood. Muscle imbalances, which make maintenance of the corrected position difficult in infancy, tend to improve with growth.
Adaptive body schema for robotic tool-use

The development and expression of many higher-level cognitive functions, such as imitation, spatial perception and tool-use, relies on a multi-modal representation of the body known as the body schema. Although many studies support the hypothesis that the body schema is adaptive and alterable throughout ontogenetic development, the mechanisms underlying its plasticity have yet to be clarified. Here, we argue that the temporal integration of multisensory information is a plausible candidate mechanism to explain how manipulated objects (e.g., tools) can become incorporated into the body schema. To demonstrate the validity of our idea, we introduce a model of body schema adaptation instantiated in a small-sized, table-top, tool-using humanoid. The robot's task is to learn to reach for and touch a visually salient distant object, first with its 'bare' hand and then — using the acquired know-how — with a reach-extending tool (a stick). Our experimental results show that in order to successfully causally relate and integrate vision, touch and proprioception, and to learn to use the tool, timing is of crucial relevance. On a more general note, this study also suggests that synthetic modeling might not only be a valid avenue towards getting a better grasp on results provided by neuropsychology and neurophysiology, but also a powerful approach for building advanced tool-using robots.
The effects of a mid-morning snack and moderate-intensity exercise on acute appetite and energy intake in 12–14-year-old adolescents

Abstract Energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE) should not be considered independent entities, but more an inter-connected system. With increased physical activity and reduced snacking initiatives as prevalent Public Health measures, any changes to subsequent EI from these recommendations should be monitored. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in acute EI and appetite over four conditions: (1) a control condition with no snack and no exercise (CON); (2) a snack condition (+1 MJ; SK); (3) a moderate-intensity cycling exercise condition (−1 MJ; EX); and finally (4) both snack and exercise condition (+1 MJ, −1 MJ; EXSK). Acute changes in appetite (visual analogue scale) and lunchtime EI (ad libitum pizza meal) were recorded in twenty boys and eighteen girls (12–13 years). Lunch EI was not significantly different between conditions or sexes (P>0·05). Relative EI was calculated, where the energy manipulation (+1 MJ from the snack or −1 MJ from the exercise) was added to lunchtime EI. Relative EI indicated no significant differences between the sexes (P>0·05); however, in the EX condition, relative EI was significantly lower (P<0·001) compared with all other conditions. Appetite increased significantly over time (P<0·001) and was significantly higher in the CON and EX conditions compared with the SK and EXSK conditions. No significant sex differences were found between conditions. When aiming to evoke an acute energy deficit, increasing EE created a significantly larger relative energy deficit than the removal of the mid-morning snack. Sex was not a confounder to influence EI or appetite between any of the conditions.
Rabbit Corneal and Conjunctival Permeability of the Novel Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: N‐{[4‐(Benzoylamino)phenyl] sulphonyl}glycines and N‐Benzoyl‐N‐phenylglycines

Corneal and conjunctival permeability has been investigated for novel aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) of the N{[4‐(benzoylamino)phenyl]sulphonyl}glycine (benzoylaminophenylsulphonylglycine) and N‐benzoyl‐N‐phenylglycine (benzoylphenylglycine) series, compounds developed for prevention of cataract formation in diabetic subjects.
The anatomy and function of the contents of the human tarsal sinus and canal

The ligaments of the tarsal sinus and canal, including the roots of the inferior extensor retinaculum, the cervical ligament and the ligament of the tarsal canal, have been restudied and their function has been correlated with the movements of inversion and eversion. The ligaments are extracapsular and their attachments are somewhat more complex than previously reported. A band of fibers, heretofore undescribed, has been designated as the “oblique talocalcaneal band. ” It passes from the calcaneal attachment of the intermediate root of the inferior extensor retinaculum to join the talar attachment of the ligament of the tarsal canal.
Predictive Modeling of Adolescent Cannabis Use From Multimodal Data

Predicting teenage drug use is key to understanding the etiology of substance abuse. However, classic predictive modeling procedures are prone to overfitting and fail to generalize to independent observations. To mitigate these concerns, cross-validated logistic regression with elastic-net regularization was used to predict cannabis use by age 16 from a large sample of fourteen year olds (N=1,319). High-dimensional data (p = 2,413) including parent and child psychometric data, child structural and functional MRI data, and genetic data (candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms, “SNPs”) collected at age 14 were used to predict the initiation of cannabis use (minimum six occasions) by age 16. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females to uncover sex-specific predictive profiles. The performance of the predictive models were assessed using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (“ROC AUC”). Final models returned high predictive performance (generalization mean ROC AUCmales=.71, mean ROC AUCfemales=.81) and contained psychometric features common to both sexes. These common psychometric predictors included greater stressful life events, novelty-seeking personality traits of both the parent and child, and parental cannabis use. In contrast, males exhibited distinct functional neurobiological predictors related to a responseinhibition fMRI task, whereas females exhibited distinct neurobiological predictors related to a social processing fMRI task. Furthermore, the brain predictors exhibited sexspecific effects as the brain predictors of cannabis use for one sex failed to predict cannabis use for the opposite sex. These sex-specific brain predictors also exhibited drugspecific effects as they failed to predict binge-drinking by age 16 in an independent sample of youths. When collapsed across sex, a gene-specific analysis suggested that opioid receptor genetic variation also predicted cannabis use by age 16. Two SNPs on the gene coding for the primary mu-opioid receptor exhibited genetic risk effects, while one SNP on the gene coding for the primary delta-opioid receptor exhibited genetic protective effects. Taken together, these results demonstrate that adolescent cannabis use is reliably predicted in males and females from shared and unique biobehavioral features. These analyses also underscore the need for refined predictive modeling procedures as well as sex-specific inquiries into the etiology of substance abuse. The sex-specific risk-profiles uncovered from these analyses might inform potential etiological mechanisms contributing to substance abuse in adolescence as all predictors were measured prior to the onset of cannabis use.
Constructing Visual Representations: Investigating the Use of Tangible Tokens

The accessibility of infovis authoring tools to a wide audience has been identified as a major research challenge. A key task in the authoring process is the development of visual mappings. While the infovis community has long been deeply interested in finding effective visual mappings, comparatively little attention has been placed on how people construct visual mappings. In this paper, we present the results of a study designed to shed light on how people transform data into visual representations. We asked people to create, update and explain their own information visualizations using only tangible building blocks. We learned that all participants, most of whom had little experience in visualization authoring, were readily able to create and talk about their own visualizations. Based on our observations, we discuss participants' actions during the development of their visual representations and during their analytic activities. We conclude by suggesting implications for tool design to enable broader support for infovis authoring.
Causes of uveitis in a tertiary center in Western Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the causes of uveitis and compare our results with national and international published studies. METHODS This is a retrospective review of medical records of patients who attend the uveitic clinic of Magrabi Eye and Ear Hospital in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 1999 to December 2011. RESULTS We encountered 823 eyes of 587 uveitis patients (male: 319 [54%] and female: 268 [46%]). Native Saudi patients constituted 52% of our total population, expatriate Arabs 23%, and Afro-Asians 23%. Average age at presentation was 34.8+/-12.83 (range 5-70) years. Unilateral presentation was noted in 351 (60%) and bilateral in 236 (40%) patients. Idiopathic anterior uveitis was the most common diagnosis (n=268, 45.7%). Anterior uveitis was the most common anatomical diagnosis (n=335, 57.1%) followed by panuveitis (n=151, 25.7%), posterior uveitis (n=51, 8.7%) and intermediate uveitis (n=50, 8.5%). There were 50 patients (8.5%) of Behcet`s disease, 48 patients (8.2%) of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) and 35 cases (6%) of toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSION The most common cause of anatomic diagnosis was anterior uveitis. Behcet`s disease was the most common identifiable cause of uveitis followed by VKH. The most common cause of infectious uveitis was toxoplasmosis. Idiopathic anterior uveitis was the most common uveitic entity.
Perception and Comprehension of Synthetic Speech 1

An extensive body of research on the perception of synthetic speech carried out over the past 30 years has established that listeners have much more difficulty perceiving synthetic speech than natural speech. Differences in perceptual processing have been found in a variety of behavioral tasks, including assessments of segmental intelligibility, word recall, lexical decision, sentence transcription, and comprehension of spoken passages of connected text. Alternative groups of listeners—such as non-native speakers of English, children and older adults—have even more difficulty perceiving synthetic speech than young, healthy, college-aged listeners typically tested in perception studies. It has also been shown, however, that the ability to perceive synthetic speech improves rapidly with training and experience. Incorporating appropriate prosodic contours into synthetic speech algorithms—along with providing listeners with higherlevel contextual information—can also aid the perception of synthetic speech. Listener difficulty in processing synthetic speech has been attributed to the impoverished acousticphonetic segmental cues—and inherent lack of natural variability and acoustic-phonetic redundancy—in synthetic speech produced by rule. The perceptual difficulties that listeners have in perceiving speech which lacks acoustic-phonetic variability has been cited as evidence for the importance of variability to the perception of natural speech. Future research on the perception of synthetic speech will need to investigate the sources of acoustic-phonetic variability and redundancy that improve the perception of synthetic speech, as well as determine the efficacy of synthetically produced audio-visual speech, and the extent to which the impoverished acoustic-phonetic structure of synthetic speech impacts higher-level comprehension processes. New behavioral methods of assessing the perception of speech by human listeners will need to be developed in order for our understanding of synthetic speech perception to keep pace with the rapid progress of speech synthesis technology.
Effects of golimumab, an anti-tumour necrosis factor-α human monoclonal antibody, on lipids and markers of inflammation

Objectives To assess the effect of golimumab, with or without methotrexate (MTX), on serum lipids and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in two phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trials (GO-BEFORE and GO-FORWARD). Methods Patients in GO-BEFORE (n=637, MTX-naïve) and GO-FORWARD (n=444, MTX-inadequate response) were randomised to placebo+MTX, golimumab 100 mg+placebo, golimumab 50 mg+MTX, or golimumab 100 mg+MTX. Subcutaneous injections (placebo and golimumab) were given every 4 weeks. Patients with an insufficient response entered early escape at week 16 (GO-FORWARD) or 28 (GO-BEFORE). All placebo+MTX patients in GO-FORWARD crossed over to golimumab 50 mg+MTX at week 24. Changes from baseline to weeks 14 (GO-FORWARD) or 24 (GO-BEFORE), and 52 in serum lipid levels and inflammatory markers were assessed. Results At week 14 in the GO-FORWARD trial, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increased in golimumab+MTX patients versus MTX-only patients (16.00 vs 2.00 (p<0.001); 3.00 vs 0.00 (p<0.05); 8.00 vs 4.00 (p<0.001); respectively); favourable changes in LDL subfractions were only observed in golimumab-treated patients. At week 24 in GO-BEFORE, TC and LDL increased, and LDL subfractions improved in the MTX-only and golimumab+MTX groups. Inflammatory markers of CVD risk improved significantly with golimumab+MTX versus placebo+MTX in both studies and were generally maintained through week 52. Atherogenic indices were generally stable. Conclusions While TC and LDL levels increased mildly in RA patients receiving golimumab+MTX, atherogenic indices generally remained stable, favourable changes in LDL subfractions were observed, and inflammatory markers improved.
Encoding path in motion events : boundary-crossing as a relevant typological criterion

Talmy’s (1975, 1985, 1991, 2000) seminal work on motion events representation in languages that led to significant typological distinctions is primarily based on the differences in encoding (framing) of the Path, as one of the basic semantic components of such events, either in the V(erb stem) or in the S(atellite) – which accounts for the proposed typological language dichotomy V-framed (VLs) and S-framed languages (SLs). Although the above distinction is a very important one, having implications at the level of syntactic structure, crosslinguistic data indicate to some variations that further prompted researchers to question a clear-cut binary typological opposition. Thus, more thorough data from Romance languages (in addition to Spanish, French and Italian) led to re-considering their status as VLs and rather considering them belonging to the third class of “split” languages (Talmy). The aim of the paper is to analyze the place of Romanian in this typological classification, through making observation on the Path representation in motion events in contrasted narrative texts translated from English (a SL) into Romanian. The hypothesis is that Romanian might claim a mixed typological status, eventually belonging to the class of “split” languages based on the assumption that, first, it is not so poor in manner of motion verbs (MmV) as it is presumably the case of VLs (see the alternative labels sometimes attached to SLs vs. VLs, respectively – manner-rich vs. manner-poor languages) and, second, it does not exclude the possibility of using complex Path as satellite to a MmV, particularly boundary-crossing, which can serve as a test to determine the typological class of language (e.g., a țâșnit de după perdea (lit. rushed from behind the curtain) – ‘rushed out from behind the curtain’; a lunecat de pe acoperiș (lit. slipped from on the roof) – ‘slipped from the roof’. In this respect, the paper aims at focusing on the nature of the second preposition. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7220/2335-2027.7. 5
Validating Multi-column Schema Matchings by Type

Validation of multi-column schema matchings is essential for successful database integration. This task is especially difficult when the databases to be integrated contain little overlapping data, as is often the case in practice (e.g., customer bases of different companies). Based on the intuition that values present in different columns related by a schema matching will have similar ";semantic type";, and that this can be captured using distributions over values (";statistical types";), we develop a method for validating 1-1 and compositional schema matchings. Our technique is based on three key technical ideas. First, we propose a generic measure for comparing two columns matched by a schema matching, based on a notion of information-theoretic discrepancy that generalizes the standard geometric discrepancy; this provides the basis for 1:1 matching. Second, we present an algorithm for ";splitting"; the string values in a column to identify substrings that are likely to match with the values in another column; this enables (multi-column) l:m schema matching. Third, our technique provides an invalidation certificate if it fails to validate a schema matching. We complement our conceptual and algorithmic contributions with an experimental study that demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of our technique on a variety of database schemas and data sets.