Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anything you can do, I can do better? Professional journalists on citizen journalism in six European countries

This article is based on 63 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with professional journalists across career stages and across media in six European countries (UK, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Poland and Sweden), and is concerned with how journalists answer the question: How is what you do different from what citizen journalists do? Based on existing literature on journalistic authority and the professional project, three areas where claims to professional legitimacy and distinction from amateurs are identified: expertise, duty and autonomy. The interview data show that while claims based on expertise and duty are common when professional journalists want to demarcate the boundary between them and citizen journalism, claims based on direct reference to autonomy are non-existent. However, claims based indirectly on reference to autonomy, but institutional or collective rather than individual autonomy, are common. Indeed the key result of this study is that legitimacy claims based on the collective nature of the journalistic endeavour are very common, in contrast to earlier constructions of journalistic professionalism, which emphasized individualism and individual autonomy.
QT Prolongation, Torsade de Pointes, Myocardial Ischemia From Coronary Vasospasm, and Headache Medications. Part 1: Review of Serotonergic Cardiac Adverse Events With a Triptan Case

Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine)1B/1D agonists are vasoconstrictors that can affect coronary and cerebral arteries. Retrosternal chest, arm, and jaw pain following triptan use is generally attributed to “triptan sensations” and dismissed as noncardiac. However, triptans narrow normal coronary arteries and occasionally trigger vasospasm. They are contraindicated in atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Family Resilience and Midlife Marital Satisfaction

This article describes the results of a research investigation of the relationship of midlife marital satisfaction and the three primary protective factors that, operationally defined by the Family Adaptation Model, contribute to family resilience: adaptive appraisal, compensating experiences, and social support. Midlife marital satisfaction was conceptualized using Duvall’s family life cycle theory’s ‘‘Middle Aged Family’’ stage tasks: (a) rebuilding the marriage relationship and (b) maintaining kin ties with older and younger generations. Participants included 239 couples, who were between the ages of 45 and 65 and whose youngest child was over 18 years old and graduated from high school. The relationship between the predictor and criterion variables was explored for both individual partners and couples. Analyses were also conducted to consider gender and ethnic group membership differences. The results showed significant positive relationships existed between the criterion variables (rebuilding the marriage relationship and maintaining kin ties with older and younger generations) and the predictor variables (adaptive appraisal, compensating experiences, and social support), thus providing support for the position that in the face of the developmental challenges encountered relative to midlife marriage, higher levels of the primary protective factors contributing to family resilience are related to greater levels of mastery of the developmental tasks associated with midlife marital satisfaction.
Participation in the risk‐taking occupation of skateboarding

The purpose of this ethnographic study is to describe the values, behaviors, and beliefs of skateboarders in order to understand the meaning and identity derived from the occupation as well as cultural influences on attitudes toward injury. In‐depth interviews were conducted with seven active skateboarders. Analysis of the data led to the development of a chronology of participation in the risk‐taking occupation of skateboarding. Results of this study illustrate that achieving one's best and the core value of freedom in the skateboarding subculture outweigh the risk of injury inherent to participation in the occupation. Skateboarders accept injury as an attribute of the occupation they practice and reinforce this acceptance on a social level.
Carnal Pleasures and Grotesque Bodies: Regulating the Body during a “Big Night Out” of Alcohol and Party Drug Use

This article explores the role that discourses of health promotion play in the regulation of the human body during sessions of alcohol and “party drug” use. Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork, I show how a group of young “mainstream” recreational drug users attempted to manage the tension between their identification with governing images propagated by public health and their desire for pleasure by regulating their alcohol and drug use in certain ways so as to avoid appearing outwardly disorderly while still pursuing pleasure in spaces they deemed appropriate for transgression. Constructing controlled or moderate drug use as the only acceptable form of pleasure fails to appreciate the dynamic and strategic ways that young drug users attempt to maximize pleasure and minimize risk. Public health messages should avoid representing young alcohol and party drug users as irrational and disordered and should incorporate pleasure into future messages.
Ways of Knowing and Epistemological Beliefs: Combined effect on academic performance

To obtain a more complete understanding of personal epistemology this study examines two epistemic paradigms – ways of knowing (specifically connected knowing and separate knowing) and epistemological beliefs (specifically beliefs about knowledge structure, knowledge stability, learning speed, and learning ability). Participants were 107 college students who completed questionnaires that assessed ways of knowing and epistemological beliefs. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that men score significantly higher on separate knowing. Path analyses revealed that the effects of ways of knowing on academic performance are mediated by belief in the speed of learning.
Trustworthiness of Salespeople in the Business-to-Business Market: The Five C's

ABSTRACT In these last two decades of relationship marketing, the trustworthiness of the salesperson may be a major determinant in the development of quality buyer-seller relationships in the business market. This exploratory study seeks to validate a multi-dimensional model of trustworthiness based on the five Cs of commitment, competence, conviction, courage and character. It also explores how various personal, situational and organizational factors affect the components of trustworthiness. The results show that the five C's indeed represent trustworthiness although conviction has been perceived as part of competence. Important factors found to have an impact on trustworthiness are the personal factor of idealism, situational factors of extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, and the organizational factors of culture and salesforce control system.
Transformational leadership and shared values: the building blocks of trust

Interpersonal trust is central to sustaining team effectiveness. Whilst leaders play the primary role in establishing and developing trust, little research has examined the specific leadership practices which engender trust toward team leaders. This study investigated the relationship between a set of leadership practices (transformational, transactional, and consultative) and members' trust in their leader, in research and development (R&D) teams. Usable questionnaires were completed by 83 team members drawn from 33 R&D project teams. Three factors together predicted 67 per cent of the variance in team members' trust towards leaders, namely: consulting team members when making decisions, communicating a collective vision, and sharing common values with the leader. Trust in the leader was also strongly associated with the leader's effectiveness. The implications of these findings for leadership development, team building and future research are discussed.
Betwixt spaces: student accounts of turning point experiences in the first‐year transition

‘Not belonging’ is becoming a prevalent theme within accounts of the first‐year student experience at university. In this study the notion of not belonging is extended by assuming a more active role for the idea of liminality in a student’s transition into the university environments of academic and student life. In doing so, the article suggests that the transition between one place (home) and another (university) can result in an ‘in‐between‐ness’ – a betwixt space. Through an interpretative methodology, the study explores how students begin to move from this betwixt space into feeling like fully‐fledged members of university life. It is concluded that there is a wide range of turning points associated with the students’ betwixt transition, which shapes, alters or indeed accentuates the ways in which they make meaningful connections with university life. Moreover, transitional turning point experiences reveal a cast of characters and symbolic objects; capture contrasting motivations and evolving relationships; display multiple trajectories of interpersonal tensions and conflicts; highlight discontinuities as well as continuities; and together, simultaneously liberate and constrain the students’ transition into university life.
Black Male Graduation Rates in Community Colleges: Do Institutional Characteristics Make a Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate Black male graduation rates in public two-year, degree-granting institutions. Specifically, the researchers were interested in determining the influence (if any) of select institutional characteristics (e.g., attendance intensity, degree of urbanization, geographic region, institutional size) on graduation rates among this populous. Using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) from 646 public two-year, degree-granting institutions, findings illustrated that Black male graduation rates differed by institutional characteristics. Black males are more likely to achieve at institutions with higher full-time attendance and institutions that have smaller enrollments. Rural and town colleges were found to have higher graduation rates than suburban and city colleges. Further, findings from this study also indicated that Southeast colleges have higher graduation rates than are seen in several other regions (e.g., New England, Mid-East, Great Lakes, Southwest). Implications for practice and policy are extended.
A Swedish Prevalence Study of Deaf People Using Sign Language: A prerequisite for Deaf studies

A widely used estimate claims that one per thousand individuals is deaf, but few recent studies exist on the actual prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of deaf people, defined as deaf individuals who use sign language as their main mode of communication, in the county of Scania, Sweden. To achieve high validity, data were collected from a large variety of sources including both public institutions and voluntary associations, working with deaf people. The study demonstrates a prevalence of 0.7 per thousand inhabitants, a figure considerably lower than the traditional estimate. One interpretation of this finding is that the prevalence of deafness is on the decrease. Another interpretation reflects the problem to define deafness. As prevalence figures vary with the definition used, one single estimate valid for the prevalence of deafness is not possible to make. We therefore question the traditional one-per-thousand estimate of deafness.
Towards an optimal investment strategy considering fashionable IT innovations: a dynamic optimisation model

Abstract Companies regularly face the challenge of deciding whether, when and to which extent they should invest in information technology (IT) innovations with different maturity. The IT innovation strategy thereby should consider mature as well as fashionable IT innovations as investment alternatives. As previous research’s focus is rather qualitative, we develop a dynamic optimisation model that determines the optimal strategic allocation of an IT innovation budget to mature and fashionable IT innovations. Using a simulation-based approach, we analyse the essential causal relationships between the theoretical optimum and the factors of major influence. We find that companies should invest in fashionable IT innovations even if their own level of innovativeness is rather low and the technology’s success probability has not reached a high threshold yet. Our findings provide a basis for further research on mindful investment decisions in fashionable IT innovations.
Development of the human infrahepatic inferior caval and azygos venous systems

Differences in opinion regarding the development of the infrahepatic inferior caval and azygos venous systems in mammals centre on the contributions of ‘caudal cardinal’, ‘subcardinal’, ‘supracardinal’, ‘medial and lateral sympathetic line’ and ‘sacrocardinal’ veins. The disagreements appear to arise from the use of topographical position rather than developmental origin as criterion to define separate venous systems. We reinvestigated the issue in a closely spaced series of human embryos between 4 and 10 weeks of development. Structures were visualized with the Amira® reconstruction and Cinema4D® remodelling software. The vertebral level and neighbouring structures were used as topographic landmarks. The main results were that the caudal cardinal veins extended caudally from the common cardinal vein between CS11 and CS15, followed by the development of the subcardinal veins as a plexus sprouting ventrally from the caudal cardinal veins. The caudal cardinal veins adapted their course from lateral to medial relative to the laterally expanding lungs, adrenal glands, definitive kidneys, sympathetic trunk and umbilical arteries between CS15 and CS18, and then became interrupted in the part overlaying the regressing mesonephroi (Th12‐L3). The caudal part of the left caudal cardinal vein then also regressed. The infrarenal part of the inferior caval vein originated from the right caudal cardinal vein, while the renal part originated from subcardinal veins. The azygos veins developed from the remaining cranial part of the caudal cardinal veins. Our data show that all parts of the inferior caval and azygos venous systems developed directly from the caudal cardinal veins or from a plexus sprouting from these veins.
Women's Work, Men's Property: The Origins of Gender and Class

To some a book on the "origins"of sexual inequality is absurd. Male dominance seems to them a universal, if not inevitable, phenomenon that has been with us since the dawn of our species. The essays in this volume offer differing perspectives on the development of sex-role differentiation and sexual inequality, but share a belief that these phenomena "did"have social origins, origins that must be sought in sociohistorical events and processes. In this way Stephanie Coontz and Peta Henderson introduce a book which fills a yawning gap in Marxist and feminist theory of recent years. "Women s Work, Men s Property"brings together specialist historical and anthropological skills of a group of American and French feminists to examine the origins of the sexual division of labor, the nature of pre-state kinship societies, the position of women in slave-based societies, and the specific forms taken by the oppression of women in archaic Greece. "Men s Work, Women s Property"will be welcomed by teachers and students of women s studies and anyone with an interest in the biological, psychological and historical roots of sexual inequality. "
Sometimes a novice and sometimes an expert: mentors’ professional expertise as revealed through their stories of critical incidents

Drawing on the methodology of critical incidents, this study sets out to explore the perspectives that 20 experienced in‐service mentors in Israel adopt towards critical incidents in their work, as they account for how they reason about and act upon these incidents. Mentors’ stories of critical incidents shed light on the complex nature of mentors’ professional expertise, reflected in the finding that experienced mentors’ reasoning and behaviour constantly fluctuates between a novice and an expert stage, depending upon the nature of the situation and the type of mentor–mentee interaction that the mentor is confronted with. The study supports the more dynamic, discontinuous and interactionist view of the acquisition of expertise, highlighting the regressions and progressions that play out when experienced professionals take up an additional role, such as in the passage from teaching to mentoring.
T7 phage protein Gp2 inhibits the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by antagonizing stable DNA strand separation near the transcription start site

Infection of Escherichia coli by the T7 phage leads to rapid and selective inhibition of the host RNA polymerase (RNAP)—a multi-subunit enzyme responsible for gene transcription—by a small (∼7 kDa) phage-encoded protein called Gp2. Gp2 is also a potent inhibitor of E. coli RNAP in vitro. Here we describe the first atomic resolution structure of Gp2, which reveals a distinct run of surface-exposed negatively charged amino acid residues on one side of the molecule. Our comprehensive mutagenesis data reveal that two conserved arginine residues located on the opposite side of Gp2 are important for binding to and inhibition of RNAP. Based on a structural model of the Gp2-RNAP complex, we propose that inhibition of transcription by Gp2 involves prevention of RNAP-promoter DNA interactions required for stable DNA strand separation and maintenance of the “transcription bubble” near the transcription start site, an obligatory step in the formation of a transcriptionally competent promoter complex.
Where the rubber meets the road: performance evaluation and gender in large public accounting organizations

This paper argues that performance evaluation is a major element of preserving the status quo of gender differences in public accounting organizations. Performance evaluation is problematized as part of several broader themes in order to more fully appreciate its importance within careers and the gender patterning of organizations. Results of a study involving reactions to a hypothetical staff auditor in charge of an over‐budget audit engagement reveal significant gender differences. Implications for the gender neutrality of career management by large public accounting firms are drawn.
What Makes a Person British? Children's conceptions of their national culture and identity

Summary During the past decade, the cultural restorationist wing of the New Right has sought to impose its own anachronistic and sentimental conception of ‘British culture’ on schools and colleges. This conception, which is little more than a glib celebration of quintessential ‘Englishness’, characterises the national culture in largely monolithic and ethnically undifferen‐tiated terms. Concerned about the possible pernicious effects of educational policies inspired by such thinking, we present the findings of a recently completed ethnographic study of 8‐11 year‐olds’ conceptions of British national culture. Our paper considers the extent to which children's understanding of this complex form of collective identity may vary with age, and ethnicity. We conclude by exploring the implications of the findings for anti‐racist and multicultural education.
The Effects of Decision-Making Style and Cognitive Thought Patterns on Negative Career Thoughts

People's thoughts and beliefs about themselves and their career options affect their ability to make decisions. Career counselors would benefit from knowing the factors that contribute to negative career thoughts. This study examined two unexplored factors that may affect the development and maintenance of negative career thoughts, decision-making styles and a ruminative thought pattern. Pearson product correlations and a multiple regression were used to determine the extent to which maximizing and rumination predicted negative career thoughts. Results suggested that maximizing and rumination are moderately correlated with negative career thoughts. Together they account for 14% of the explained variance of negative career thoughts. Implications of findings on practice and research are discussed. The cognitive information processing theory is also presented as a method by which to conceptualize a client's maximizing decision-making style and ruminating thought patterns.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Distress Among Parents of Children With Cancer

In this study, we compared levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and general psychological distress between parents of childhood cancer survivors and parents of children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). In this study, we also examined potential risk factors for PTSS. Participants included 47 parents of childhood cancer survivors and 31 parents of children with DM1. Participants completed self-report measures of posttraumatic stress, general psychological distress, coping strategies, social network size, and perceived illness uncertainty. Findings revealed that parents of children surviving cancer reported higher levels of PTSS and general distress than parents of children with DM1. In the total sample, lower levels of emotion-focused coping and greater perceived uncertainty were associated with increased frequency of both PTSS and general psychological distress after we accounted for demographic and illness variables. Having a child with cancer may increase the risk for experiencing PTSS. Interventions are warranted that focus specifically on the reduction of PTSS in parents of children surviving cancer.
Secular trends of height, weight and BMI in young adult Brazilian military students in the 20th century

Abstract Background: Secular trends of increasing weight and height over past centuries are well documented in developed countries. However, these data are still scarce in developing countries such as Brazil. Aim: To verify the secular trends of height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of military students from Brazilian Army schools who were born between the 1920s and 1990s. Sample and methods: A retrospective study was performed, which included a survey of data from the files of two Army schools. The sample was composed of subjects aged between 18–20 years old. Results: The study analysed 2169 heights and 1741 weights and BMIs. During the evaluation period, height increased 7.3 cm, weight 9.8 kg and BMI 1.8 kg/m2. The most significant gains were observed in subjects born from the 1920s to the 1940s and the 1960s to the 1970s. Conclusion: Secular trends of growth in military students born in the 20th century were positive in Brazil, although increases were not constant decade-by-decade.
The Effect of Use Motives, Self-Control and Social Withdrawal on Smartphone Addiction

Abstract Despite the ever-increasing smartphone addiction of adolescents and a variety of consequent problems not much research has been conducted on the issue. It is time to prepare a set of countermeasures to protect them from the addiction. The central purpose of the current paper is to identify how use motives, self-control and social withdrawal affect their smartphone addiction. It was found (i) that the motives of information acquisition, social relationship, amusement and use of leisure time exert significant influence on smartphone addiction, (ii) that less self-control and greater impulsiveness result in greater addiction, and (iii) that social withdrawal of users also have significant effect on smartphone addiction. Such findings are expected to provide base data for any attempt to develop countermeasures against addiction. It is desirable that we had better check the play activities of adolescents and develop self-control programs to help them alleviate impulsiveness than simply impose strict restrictions on the use of smartphones.