Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engineers as economists: a study in Gilded Age sensibilities

This paper examines the circumstances and proceedings of the first management stream held at the 1886 meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Despite the significance accorded to the event, the management literature at times confounds historical appreciation with historical facts, leading to an inadvertent positing of erroneous implications or verifiably false assertions. A number of questions are thus raised that have received at best ambiguous treatment in the management literature. In order to answer the questions, this paper begins with some contextual background on the emergence of ASME. It then addresses the circumstances surrounding the 1886 management stream and, based on clues in the historical evidence, offers a conjecture as to how it might have come about. The salient points of Towne’s introductory paper are outlined and contextualized against the general sensibilities of the audience. These latter are revealed in more detail through an analysis of the recorded discussion on the stream’s three papers. With the evidence at hand, the questions are answered, offering an opportunity to consider how the 1886 management stream may be appreciated.
Gender differences in information search: implications for retailing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence on search behavior of gender, purchase confidence, and internal knowledge in different purchase situations. It is expected that there will be gender differences on search behavior, particularly given different purchase situations.Design/methodology/approach – Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the main and interaction effects of the independent categorical variables on multiple dependent interval variables. An online survey was distributed to employees in different geographic locations in the USA.Findings – The results of situational use indicate that sources of information are perceived differently by males and females depending on their levels of purchase confidence and internal knowledge, suggesting that, when consumers consider sources of information, such as retail clerk, family/friends or themselves, the purchase situation influences that decision.Research limitations/implications – The measure of the situational infl.
Persistence of Phrenic Nerve Palsy Following 28‐mm Cryoballoon Ablation: A Four‐Year Single Center Experience

Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is the most frequently observed complication in the setting of cryoballoon (CB) ablation (Arctic Front, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). Although, usually transient, resolving before the end of the procedure, persistent PNP (not resolving before the end of procedure) can occur. Literature on persistent PNP after second generation CB ablation is relatively sparse.
Relationships between adolescents’ preferred sources of help and emotional distress, ambivalence over emotional expression, and causal attribution of symptoms: a Singapore study

ABSTRACT Past research has shown that many adolescents with depression and anxiety disorders do not consult mental health professionals. This study examines how emotional distress, ambivalence over emotional expression, and causal attribution of depressive and anxious symptoms are related to adolescents’ preferred sources of help for these symptoms. 300 secondary school students in Singapore were surveyed. Results show that distress, ambivalence, psychosocial causation, and biomedical causation were positively correlated with each other; distress was inversely associated with preference for seeking help from a family doctor; ambivalence was inversely associated with preference for a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) physician; physiological causation was positively associated with preference for a medical doctor and TCM physician; and psychosocial causation was positively associated with preference for a mental health professional. These findings are discussed from an Asian cultural perspective and their implications for school mental health services will also be discussed.
Application of a Gastroduodenal Artery Graft for Reconstruction of the Hepatic Artery during Radical Resection of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

This paper was designed to evaluate a novel surgical procedure of using a gastroduodenal artery graft for reconstruction of the hepatic artery during radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, which is citation-free and self-contained. In this paper we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, surgical procedure, and follow-up results in nine patients who underwent hepatic artery reconstruction using a gastroduodenal artery graft during their radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and no artery thrombosis or other surgical complications were found after operation with minimum follow-up duration of three months. We recommended that a gastroduodenal artery graft was shown to be a good choice for hepatic artery resection after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
The Level and Nature of Autistic Intelligence

Autistics are presumed to be characterized by cognitive impairment, and their cognitive strengths (e.g., in Block Design performance) are frequently interpreted as low-level by-products of high-level deficits, not as direct manifestations of intelligence. Recent attempts to identify the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional signature of autism have been positioned on this universal, but untested, assumption. We therefore assessed a broad sample of 38 autistic children on the preeminent test of fluid intelligence, Raven's Progressive Matrices. Their scores were, on average, 30 percentile points, and in some cases more than 70 percentile points, higher than their scores on the Wechsler scales of intelligence. Typically developing control children showed no such discrepancy, and a similar contrast was observed when a sample of autistic adults was compared with a sample of nonautistic adults. We conclude that intelligence has been underestimated in autistics.
Kindesmisshandlung: Ein Abriss

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick zur Entwicklung der Häufigkeitszahlen und zu den Korrelaten von Kindesmisshandlung aus der Perspektive der Kriminologie. Bedingt durch eine fortschreitende Sensibilisierung in der Bevölkerung ist unter anderem ein Rückgang gewalttätiger Erziehungsstile in den vergangenen Jahren zu konstatieren. Einen bedeutsamen Beitrag zum Umdenken und zu Verhaltensänderungen tragen hierbei legislative Änderungen und damit einhergehende öffentliche Diskurse zur Ächtung von Gewalt, insbesondere zur Ächtung von Gewalt gegen Kinder. Forschungen bestätigen, dass dies auch im Hinblick auf die Durchbrechung des Gewaltkreislaufes eine außerordentlich bedeutungsvolle Entwicklung ist.
Prevalence of influenza vaccination among nurses and ancillary workers in Italy: Systematic review and meta analysis

Introduction: Italian Ministry of Health, recommends vaccination for seasonal influenza to all healthcare workers (HCW), particularly to nurses who have an important interaction with patients. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review in order to estimate the pooled prevalence of influenza vaccinations among nurses and ancillary workers in Italy and analyse the enhancing and hindering factors. Results: The review was performed using 15 articles, six containing the prevalence of vaccination for nurses and ancillary workers, while the others qualitative analysis. In all the selected articles the score calculation has been carried out by using a protocol for observational studies. The nurses and ancillary workers pooled proportion of influenza vaccination was respectively 13,47% (95%CI 9,58-17,90%) and 12,52% (95%CI 9,97-15,31%). Discussion: The Italian mean of influenza vaccination prevalence appear low if compared to other European countries, ranging from 15% to 29% in Countries such as UK, Germany, France. This situation of weakness should be seen as an opportunity to improve the vaccination rate for seasonal influenza significantly This should be done by intervening on the category which affirms caring less. In fact, this category has a priority to receive vaccination, due to their numbers and closer contact to patients. Methods: Research was conducted using medical database Scopus, PubMed, the search engine Google Scholar and ISI web of knowledge, and was concluded February 1st 2011.
Data Separation of L1-minimization for Real-time Motion Detection

The `1-minimization used to seek the sparse solution restricts the applicability of compressed sensing. This paper proposes a data separation algorithm with computationally efficient strategies to achieve real-time performance of sparse model based motion detection. We use the traditional pursuit algorithms as a pre-process step that converts the iterative optimization into linear addition and multiplication operations. A novel motion detection method is implemented to compare the difference between the current frame and the background model in terms of sparse coefficients. The influence of dynamic texture or statistical noise diminishes after the process of sparse projection; thus, enhancing the robustness of the implementation. Results of the qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate the higher efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach compared with those of other competing methods.
Personality and the Gender Gap in Self-Employment: A Multi-Nation Study

What role does personality play in the pervasive gender gap in entrepreneurship across the globe? This two-study analysis focuses on self-employment in the working population and underlying gender differences in personality characteristics, thereby considering both single trait dimensions as well as a holistic, configural personality approach. Applying the five-factor model of personality, Study 1, our main study, investigates mediation models in the prediction of self-employment status utilizing self-reported personality data from large-scaled longitudinal datasets collected in the U.S., Germany, the U.K., and Australia (total N = 28,762). Study 2 analyzes (observer-rated) Big Five data collected in 51 cultures (total N = 12,156) to take a more global perspective and to explore the pancultural universality of gender differences in entrepreneurial personality characteristics. Across the four countries investigated in Study 1, none of the major five dimension of personality turned out as a consistent and robust mediator. In contrast, the holistic, configural approach yielded consistent and robust mediation results. Across the four countries, males scored higher on an entrepreneurship-prone personality profile, which in turn predicted self-employment status. These results suggest that gender differences in the intra-individual configuration of personality traits contribute to the gender gap in entrepreneurship across the globe. With the restriction of limited representativeness, the data from Study 2 suggest that the gender difference in the entrepreneurship-prone personality profile (males score higher) is widespread across many cultures, but may not exist in all. The results are discussed with an emphasis on implications for research and practice, which a particular focus on the need for more complex models that incorporate the role of personality.
Rapid Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Monolith for CO2 Capture

M M U Rapid Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Monolith for CO2 Capture N IC By Guang-Ping Hao, Wen-Cui Li, Dan Qian, and An-Hui Lu* A T IO N The development of novel materials and new technologies for CO2 capture and storage has gained great attention over the past decades. The necessity for reducing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is a very important issue, since CO2 is considered as a greenhouse gas causing global warming. In addition, higher concentrations of CO2 are toxic for humans, especially in space-limited chambers like submarines and space ships. Traditional technologies for CO2 capture including absorption and adsorption-coupled membrane separation along with the corresponding sorbents such as aqueous amines, microporous coordination polymers (MCPs), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), different types of nitrogen-doped zeolite, mesoporous silica, and activated carbons have been widely explored. However, MCPs and ZIFs synthesized with nitrogen-containing organic compounds as the crosslinker often suffer from structural instability and inefficiency for CO2 selectivity in the presence of water and thus are limited in their widespread use. For aminemodified solids, the main drawback is the possible loss of ammonia associated with the temperature needed for regeneration and the energy-intensive nature of the regeneration process. For instance, amine-surface-modified or amineimpregnated porous silica (e.g., MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15, SBA-16) and zeolite 13X materials fail to capture CO2 effectively, require high temperature and long regeneration times and lack stability over many cycles. It should be pointed out that amine-modified silica-based solids are usually prepared by a post-treatment, which is a time-consuming and costly procedure and often involves the use of toxic and corrosive reagents. Porous carbon materials have many specific features such as high surface area, thermal and chemical stability, and hydrophobic surface properties. The incorporation of basic nitrogen groups into the carbon framework ensures an improved adsorption/absorption for acidic gases. Up to date, porous carbon materials used for CO2 capture were mostly prepared by post-synthetic amine modification or ammonia treatment, which again leads to materials lacking stability and, in addition, the reagents are corrosive, which brings the same disadvantages as for modified silica and zeolites. Alternatively, nitrogencontaining porous carbons can be prepared directly from
Antenna Proximity Effects for Talk and Data Modes in Mobile Phones

Based on a recent study of the ways a phone is held (a grip study), CAD models of the human hand have been generated, and antenna proximity effects for both talk and data modes in mobile phones have been investigated using an FDTD code. The simulation results showed that the hand, and especially the index finger, exhibited a major contribution in determining the total loss when compared to the upper torso alone. The influence of the position of the fingers on the handset was found to be more important when close to the antenna. The palm-handset gap and the index-finger location were the main factors for both absorption and mismatch loss. Different data-mode hand phantoms and configurations were investigated, showing that both “overlapped” and “interlaced” grip styles similarly influenced the antenna's communication performance.
Looking forward to tomorrow: The buffering effect of a daily optimism intervention

This research demonstrates the effectiveness of a brief daily self-applied optimism intervention in an adult normal population. Participants completed Life Orientation Test-Revised, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Burnout Measure scales before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. At baseline, optimism intervention group (N = 36) and control group (N = 41) were statistically similar on the variables of interest. At post-test, and also one month later, the intervention group demonstrated reduced pessimism, negative affect, and emotional exhaustion, although optimism, positive affect, and life satisfaction did not increase. Higher initial optimism increased the intervention effect for the optimism group, but not for the control group, by diminishing negative affect and emotional exhaustion, and increasing optimism. Sixty-one percent of the activities mentioned by the control group participants focused on duties and work, compared to 28% in the optimism condition. No correlations were found between initial optimism or pessimism, and the type of activities mentioned.
Time-Reversal UWB Wireless Communication-Based Train Control in Tunnel

This paper reports an evaluation of UWB radio technology and Time-Reversal (TR) technique in tunnel environments for train-to-wayside communication. UWB technology has the potential to offer simultaneous ground-totrain communication, train location and obstacle detection in front of the trains. Time-Reversal channel pre-filtering facilitates signal detection and helps reduce interference. Thus, UWB-TR combination provides a challenging, economically sensible, as well as technically effective alternative solution to existing signaling technologies used in urban transport systems. This paper deals with deterministic channel modeling and its characterization in tunnel environment. It reports simulation performance evaluation of UWB-TR combinations in the developed channel model.
Effect of Occupational Cadmium Exposure on Parathyroid Gland

BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) is used in many industries. High-level exposure is associated with severe kidney and bone damage. AIM: This study investigates the possible effect of occupational cadmium exposure on parathyroid gland and some minerals in workers. METHODS: Environmental air monitoring of cadmium was done. Serum and urine cadmium levels, kidney function, some minerals, and plasma parathormone were estimated in the studied groups. RESULTS: The exposed workers had significantly higher Cd concentration in serum and urine than controls. The mean levels of plasma parathyroid hormone, serum phosphorus and magnesium were significantly lower among the exposed group. However, the mean levels of serum creatinine and calcium were significantly higher in the same group when compared to referents. There was a significant positive correlation between Cd concentration in the serum and urine for the exposed group. The biological Cd exposure indices correlated positively with serum calcium and negatively with plasma PTH level. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, bone ache, joint pain and muscle spasm were more prevalent among the exposed workers compared with the controls with odds ratio 4.316, 3.053 and 3.103 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational cadmium exposure has an adverse effect on PTH level and serum human minerals.
Leveraged Buyouts of Private Companies

Over the last two decades, the number (enterprise value) of leveraged buyout transactions involving privately held targets totals more than 10,000 (over $850 billion), accounting for 46% (21%) of the worldwide leveraged buyout market. Yet the vast majority of academic studies focus on the buyouts of publicly held targets. This paper investigates the effects of leveraged buyouts on privately held targets. I find that, unlike the corporate restructuring process of public firms after the buyouts, private targets sponsored by private equity firms grow substantially after the buyouts. The overall evidence suggests that private equity firms, through leveraged buyouts, facilitate private targets’ growth by alleviating targets’ investment constraints.
Reading and Literature in the Primary and Middle Schools of the Dialogue of Cultures

30 English translation © 2009 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the Russian text: Sergey Kurganov, “Chtenie i literatura v nachal’noi i podrostkovoi shkole dialoga kul’tur. ” Sergey Kurganov, an elementary school teacher at Ochag, has worked as a math teacher and an elementary teacher in Kharkov and Krasnoyarsk. He is coauthor and designer of the method guidelines for the Developmental Instruction program for the elementary school math curriculum as well as for the School of the Dialogue of Cultures. He has published more than eighty academic works on pedagogical psychology and pedagogy, including the monograph The Child and the Adult in the Learning Dialogue; with A.V. Akhutin and V.S. Bibler, The Culture of Antiquity; and with I.E. Berlyand, Mathematics in the School of the Dialogue of Cultures. His book Six-Year-Old First-Graders describes his pedagogical experience of designing the School of the Dialogue of Cultures in the first-grade class of the Kharkov Ochag Gymnasium. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, vol. 47, no. 2, March–April 2009, pp. 30–58. © 2009 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1061–0405/2009 $9.50 + 0.00. DOI 10.2753/RPO1061-0405470202
Age Differences in Dating and Marriage: Reproductive Strategies or Social Preferences?

The results of an analysis of two different data sets respecting mate selection and age preferences are presented here. The first is drawn from a study of personals advertisements and the second from an examination of records of mid-19th- and early-20th-century registered marriages in selected Nova Scotian coastal communities. Analysis of male and female age preferences respecting either desired partners or spouses strongly suggests that the sociobiological approach to understanding apparent male-female age differences and preferences is at best incomplete. (EXCERPT)
Different Mechanisms of Ca2+ Transport in NMDA and Ca2+-permeable AMPA Glutamate Receptor Channels

The channel of the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) transports Ca2+ approximately four times more efficiently than that of Ca2+-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors (AMPAR). To investigate the basis of this difference in these glutamate receptors (GluRs), we measured the ratio of Cs+ efflux and Ca2+ influx in recombinant NMDAR and Ca2+-permeable AMPAR channels expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells over a wide voltage range. At any one potential, this biionic flux ratio was measured by quantifying the total charge and the charge carried by Ca2+ using whole-cell currents and fluorometric techniques (dye overload) with Cs+ internally and Ca2+ externally (1.8 or 10 mM) as the only permeant ions. In AMPAR channels, composed of either GluR-A(Q) or GluR-B(Q) subunits, the biionic flux ratio had a biionic flux-ratio exponent of 1, consistent with the prediction of the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz current equation. In contrast, for NMDAR channels composed of NR1 and NR2A subunits, the biionic flux-ratio exponent was ∼2, indicating a deviation from Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz. Consistent with these results, in NMDAR channels under biionic conditions with high external Ca2+ and Cs+ as the reference ions, Ca2+ permeability (PCa/PCs) was concentration dependent, being highest around physiological concentrations (1–1.8 mM; PCa/PCs ≈ 6.1) and reduced at both higher (110 mM; PCa/PCs ≈ 2.6) and lower (0.18 mM; PCa/PCs ≈ 2.2) concentrations. PCa/PCs in AMPAR channels was not concentration dependent, being around 1.65 in 0.3–110 mM Ca2+. In AMPAR and NMDAR channels, the Q/R/N site is a critical determinant of Ca2+ permeability. However, mutant AMPAR channels, which had an asparagine substituted at the Q/R site, also showed a biionic flux-ratio exponent of 1 and concentration-independent permeability ratios, indicating that the difference in Ca2+ transport is not due to the amino acid residue located at the Q/R/N site. We suggest that the difference in Ca2+ transport properties between the glutamate receptor subtypes reflects that the pore of NMDAR channels has multiple sites for Ca2+, whereas that of AMPAR channels only a single site.