Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Site fidelity and association patterns in a deep-water dolphin: Rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) in the Hawaiian Archipelago

In the Pacific, rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) are typically found in the open ocean and in deep waters around oceanic islands. We examined habitat use, site fidelity, movements, and association patterns of this species in the main Hawaiian Islands. Sighting rates were highest in depths >1,500 m. There were frequent within- and between-year resightings off the island of Hawai'i, indicating a small population size with high site fidelity. Resighting rates were lower off Kaua'i/Ni'ihau, indicating a larger population size, but with some site fidelity. Two individuals were documented moving from Kaua'i to Hawai'i, a distance of 480 km, but were not seen to associate with dolphins off Hawai'i. Observed movements were consistent with at most 2% dispersal per year between these two areas. Differences in group sizes, habitat use, and behavior imply that movements among the islands may be limited. Little is known about the diet of rough-toothed dolphins in Hawai'i, but they are thought to feed primarily on near-surface species. High fidelity to deep-water areas off the island of Hawai'i likely reflects an increase in the predictability of prey associated with upwelling due to the island mass effect, wind stress curl and cyclonic eddies that form off the island.
The Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM): An Industry-Competitive, Synthesizable, Parameterized RISC-V Processor

Abstract : BOOM is a synthesizable, parameterized, superscalar out-of-order RISC-V core designed to serve as the prototypical baseline processor for future micro-architectural studies of out-of-order processors. Our goal is to provide a readable, open-source implementation for use in education, research, and industry. BOOM is written in roughly 9,000 lines of the hardware construction language Chisel. We leveraged Berkeleys open-source Rocket-chip SoC generator, allowing us to quickly bring up an entire multi-core processor system (including caches and uncore) by replacing the in-order Rocket core with an out-of-order BOOM core. BOOM supports atomics, IEEE754-2008 floating-point, and page-based virtual memory. We have demonstrated BOOM running Linux, SPEC CINT2006, and CoreMark.
Stage semantics and the SCC-recursive schema for argumentation semantics

Recently, stage and cf2 semantics for abstract argumentation attracted specific attention. By distancing from the notion of defense, they are capable to select arguments out of odd-length cycles. In case of cf2 semantics, the SCC-recursive schema guarantees that important evaluation criteria for argumentation semantics, like directionality, weakand CF -reinstatement, are fulfilled. Beside several desirable properties, both stage and cf2 semantics still have some drawbacks. The stage semantics does not satisfy the above mentioned evaluation criteria, whereas cf2 semantics produces some questionable results on frameworks with cycles of length ≥ 6. Therefore, we suggest to combine stage semantics with the SCC-recursive schema of cf2 semantics. The resulting stage2 semantics overcomes the problems regarding cf2 and stage semantics. We study properties of stage2 semantics and its relations to existing semantics, show that it fulfills the mentioned evaluation criteria, study strong equivalence for stage2 semantics, and provide a comprehensive complexity analysis of the associated reasoning problems. Besides the analysis of stage2 semantics we also complement existing complexity results for cf2 by an analysis of tractable fragments and fixed parameter tractability. Furthermore we provide answer-set programming (ASP) encodings for stage2 semantics and labeling-based algorithms for cf2 and stage2 semantics.
Tiny GAs for image processing applications

The expedience of today's image-processing applications is no longer based on the performance of a single algorithm alone. These systems appear to be complex frameworks with a lot of sub-tasks that are solved by specific algorithms, adaptation procedures, data handling, scheduling, and parameter choices. The venture of using computational intelligence (CI) in such a context, thus, is not a matter of a single approach. Among the great choice of techniques to inject CI in an image-processing framework, the primary focus of this presentation will be on the usage of so-called tiny-GAs. This stands for an evolutionary procedure with low efforts, i.e. small population size (like 10 individuals), little number of generations, and a simple fitness. Obviously, this is not suitable for solving highly complex optimization tasks, but the primary interest here is not the best individual's fitness, but the fortune of the algorithm and its population, which has just escaped the Monte-Carlo domain after random initialization. That this approach can work in practice will be demonstrated by means of selected image-processing applications, especially in the context of linear regression and line fitting; evolutionary post processing of various clustering results, in order to select a most suitable one by similarity; and classification by the fitness values obtained after a few generations
Leadership in Art Education: Taking Action in Schools and Communities

40 Fortunately, the hard work of advocacy paid off in that district. The arts were not eliminated from the schools because teachers, parents, students, and other stakeholders took the responsibility to make their educational priorities known. However, when the teachers saw the high interest in art that existed in the community, they realized that this threat to art education might have been prevented through strong leadership before the crisis. One of the traditional privileges for teachers in the United States has been control over the curriculum. Unlike most countries in the world, the United States does not have a national curriculum per se, enabling teachers to make curriculum decisions that most benefit local students. However, the Elementary and Secondary Act, also known as the No Child Left Behind Act, has acted as a national curriculum policy by enabling school administrators to conceive of a curriculum that privileges reading and math, and neglects arts programming. Research has demonstrated that art teachers are being pushed into teaching reading and math skills in their classes (Chapman, 2005; Sabol, 2010) and for several years, my graduate students have reported specific administrative directives that are contrary to good art teaching, such as using multiple-choice tests in their classes to help students do better on standardized tests. High schools that do not continually improve their students’ reading and math test scores run the risk of losing whole art departments. And in junior high and middle schools, many students are allowed to take only one quarter or less of art. In contrast to these repercussions of policy, a 2005 Harris poll reported that 93% of Americans consider the arts a vital part of a well-rounded education. The report also revealed that “86% of Americans agree that an arts education encourages and assists in the improvement of a child’s attitudes toward school; 83% of Americans believe that arts education helps teach children to communicate effectively with adults and peers; and 79% of Americans agree that incorporating arts into education is the first step in adding back what’s missing in public education today” (Americans for the Arts, 2005). LEADERSHIP in Art Education:
Exploring the Determinants of Web-Based E-Business Evolution in Canada

Canadian businesses are increasingly adopting Internet based e-business technologies such as websites, web-based procurement, and e-commerce. While there have been many studies in various countries of the determinants of e-business adoption, the newness of ebusiness has precluded much understanding of the factors that influence the evolution of e-business within companies. There is therefore considerable interest in stages of ebusiness and the factors that cause organizations to move between e-business stages. Using panel data for approximately 4,700 business enterprises for the period 2001-2003 collected by Statistics Canada, we perform logistic analyses to better understand which technological, environmental, and organizational factors proposed in the theoretical literature appear to be associated with changes in e-business stages. Our findings provide some support for the TOE model as a framework for understanding e-business evolution, although coefficient signs were in a number of cases opposite of what was predicted. We also find differences in how the TOE components influence small and medium versus large enterprises, with the latter more influenced by environmental factors relative to small and medium enterprises.
StereoScan: Dense 3d reconstruction in real-time

Accurate 3d perception from video sequences is a core subject in computer vision and robotics, since it forms the basis of subsequent scene analysis. In practice however, online requirements often severely limit the utilizable camera resolution and hence also reconstruction accuracy. Furthermore, real-time systems often rely on heavy parallelism which can prevent applications in mobile devices or driver assistance systems, especially in cases where FPGAs cannot be employed. This paper proposes a novel approach to build 3d maps from high-resolution stereo sequences in real-time. Inspired by recent progress in stereo matching, we propose a sparse feature matcher in conjunction with an efficient and robust visual odometry algorithm. Our reconstruction pipeline combines both techniques with efficient stereo matching and a multi-view linking scheme for generating consistent 3d point clouds. In our experiments we show that the proposed odometry method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. Including feature matching, the visual odometry part of our algorithm runs at 25 frames per second, while - at the same time - we obtain new depth maps at 3-4 fps, sufficient for online 3d reconstructions.
Deficit of Wide Binaries in the η Chamaeleontis Young Cluster

We have carried out a sensitive high-resolution imaging survey of stars in the young (6-8 Myr), nearby (97 pc) compact cluster around η Chamaeleontis to search for stellar and substellar companions. Our data were obtained using the NACO adaptive optics system on the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT). Given its youth and proximity, any substellar companions are expected to be luminous, especially in the near-infrared, and thus easier to detect next to their parent stars. Here, we present VLT NACO adaptive optics imaging with companion detection limits for 17 η Cha cluster members, and follow-up VLT ISAAC near-infrared spectroscopy for companion candidates. The widest binary detected is ~0. ″2, corresponding to the projected separation 20 AU, despite our survey being sensitive down to substellar companions outside 0. ″3, and planetary-mass objects outside 0. ″5. This implies that the stellar companion probability outside 0. ″3 and the brown dwarf companion probability outside 0. ″5 are less than 0.16 with 95% confidence. We compare the wide binary frequency of η Cha to that of the similarly aged TW Hydrae association and estimate the statistical likelihood that the wide binary probability is equal in both groups to be less than 2 × 10-4. Even though the η Cha cluster is relatively dense, stellar encounters in its present configuration cannot account for the relative deficit of wide binaries. We thus conclude that the difference in wide binary probability in these two groups provides strong evidence for multiplicity properties being dependent on environment. In two appendices we derive the projected separation probability distribution for binaries, used to constrain physical separations from observed projected separations, and summarize statistical tools useful for multiplicity studies.
Using web images as additional training resource for the discriminative generalized hough transform

Many algorithms in computer vision, e.g., for object localization, are supervised and need annotated training data. One approach for object localization is the Discriminative Generalized Hough Transform (DGHT). It achieves state-of-the-art performance in applications like iris and epiphysis localization, if the amount and quality of training data is sufficient. This motivates techniques for extending the training corpus with limited manual effort. In this paper, we propose an active learning scheme to extend the training corpus by automatically and efficiently harvesting and selecting suitable Web images. We aim at improving localization performance, while reducing the manual supervision to a minimum. Our key idea is to estimate the benefit of a particular candidate Web image by analyzing its Hough space generated using an initial DGHT model. We show that our method performs similarly to a manual selection of Web images as well as a computationally intensive state-of-the-art approach.
Adjustable Fractional-Delay Filters Utilizing the Farrow Structure and Multirate Techniques

The Farrow structure can be used for efficient realization of adjustable fractional-delay FIR filters, but despite its efficiency compared to other approaches, its implementation complexity grows rapidly as the bandwidth approaches π. To reduce the complexity, a multirate approach has been proposed. In this approach, the input signal is first interpolated by a factor of two via the use of a fixed half-band linear-phase FIR filter. Then, the actual fractional-delay filtering takes place. Finally, the so generated signal is downsampled to retain the original input/output sampling rate. In this way, the bandwidth of the fractional-delay filter used is halved compared to the overall bandwidth. Because the complexity of half-band linear-phase FIR filter interpolators is low, the overall complexity can be reduced. In this paper, we give further details of the multirate approach that have not been published before. In addition, we introduce the use of an approximately linear-phase IIR filter instead of a linear-phase FIR filter in the interpolation process in order to reduce the complexity even further. Design examples are included demonstrating this point.
Implementation of “Make a Match” Type of Cooperative Learning Model Assisted With Student Worksheets (Lkpd) to Improve VII Grade Students' Learning Competences in Natural Science Subject in SMPN 5 Padang

The purpose of the research was to know the improvement of students' cognitive competence in learning IPA by implementing “make a match” type of cooperative learning model assisted by student worksheets (LKPD) in SMPN 5 Padang. This research was a Classroom Action Research. It consisted of two cycles. Each cycle included planning, acting, observing and reflecting stages. The subject of the research was 32 students of grade VII7 in SMPN 5 Padang in academic year 2017/2018. The instruments used were students' test, camera recordings and field notes. The data of the research were analyzed in descriptive qualitative method. The research finding showed that the implementation of “make a match” type of cooperative learning model assisted by LKPD can improve students' cognitive competences from cycle I to cycle II. The percentage of cognitive competence mastery in cycle I was 78% (good enough). Meanwhile, in cycle II, the percentage of cognitive competence mastery was 94% (very good). So, it can be concluded that through implementing “make a match” type of cooperative learning model assisted by LKPD, it can improve VII7 grade students' cognitive competences in learning IPA in SMPN 5 Padang.
Always on My Mind? Recognition of Attractive Faces May Not Depend on Attention

Little research has examined what happens to attention and memory as a whole when humans see someone attractive. Hence, we investigated whether attractive stimuli gather more attention and are better remembered than unattractive stimuli. Participants took part in an attention task – in which matrices containing attractive and unattractive male naturalistic photographs were presented to 54 females, and measures of eye-gaze location and fixation duration using an eye-tracker were taken – followed by a recognition task. Eye-gaze was higher for the attractive stimuli compared to unattractive stimuli. Also, attractive photographs produced more hits and false recognitions than unattractive photographs which may indicate that regardless of attention allocation, attractive photographs produce more correct but also more false recognitions. We present an evolutionary explanation for this, as attending to more attractive faces but not always remembering them accurately and differentially compared with unseen attractive faces, may help females secure mates with higher reproductive value.
Structural Breaks and Relative Price Convergence among U.S. Cities

This paper examines price index convergence among U. S. cities by applying panel unit root test procedures that allow for structural breaks to annual CPI data between 1918 and 2010 for 17 major cities. With an endogenously determined single break in 1985, and two breaks in 1943 and 1990 respectively, the test results provide overwhelming evidence of convergence of relative prices across cities, which is consistent with the existing literature. Most importantly, this study finds that the speed of convergence with structural break(s) is much faster than that reported by previous panel studies with no structural break. Furthermore, correcting for small-sample bias (the so-called “Nickell Bias”) and time aggregation bias generates a half-life of 2.8 years with two breaks, which is 74% shorter than the half-life estimate with no structural break and no bias correction. These results highlight the importance of structural break(s) and bias correction in obtaining reasonable panel estimates of the half-life to relative price convergence among U. S. cities.
The corporate cultivation of digital resignation

The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical framework for studying digital resignation, the condition produced when people desire to control the information digital entities have about them but feel unable to do so. We build on the growing body of research that identifies feelings of futility regarding companies’ respect for consumer privacy by suggesting a link between these feelings and the activities of the companies they benefit. We conceptualize digital resignation as a rational response to consumer surveillance. We further argue that routine corporate practices encourage this sense of helplessness. Illuminating the dynamics of this sociopolitical phenomenon creates a template for addressing important questions about the forces that shape uneven power relationships between companies and publics in the digital age.
On the relation between stability of continuous-and discrete-time evolution equations via the Cayley transform ∗

In this paper we investigate and compare the properties of the semigroup generated by A, and the sequence Ad , n ∈ N, where Ad = (I + A)(I −A)−1. We show that if A and A−1 generate a uniformly bounded, strongly continuous semigroup on a Hilbert space, then Ad is power bounded. For analytic semigroups we can prove stronger results. If A is the infinitesimal generator of an analytic semigroup, then power boundedness of Ad is equivalent to the uniform boundedness of the semigroup generated by A.
A cooperative CSMA/CA MAC for channel-hopping rendezvous based cognitive radio networks

Rendezvous problem is known as the fundamental issue in MAC design for cognitive radio networks (CRNs). With the concept of blind rendezvous, numerous channel-hopping sequence (CHS) based rendezvous schemes have been proposed to solve this problem. However, little attention is paid to the design of a CSMA/CA MAC based on these rendezvous schemes. In this paper, we propose a cooperative CSMA/CA MAC (named CoCH-CSMA/CA MAC) which tailors 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) to the slotted operation manner of existing CHS based rendezvous schemes. More importantly, the rendezvous de-synchronization problem is identified in MAC design based on these rendezvous schemes. To alleviate its impact on MAC performance, a cooperative control feedback scheme employing correlation-based signal detection is proposed to help secondary users avoid backoff misbehavior and improve networking performance (i.e., packet delivery delay and network throughput). Extensive simulations are conducted to prove the effectiveness of our MAC design.
International Trade Policies for Transition Economies: The Post Keynesian Alternative

The implementation of the shock therapy approach in transition economies required, with respect to international trade, an immediate and complete liberalization of the international trade sector. This involved a flexible exchange rate, resulting in currency devaluation and the removal of all trade barriers. Furthermore, the conditional nature of foreign aid and international credits by the IMF, the World Bank, and mature market economies was used to pressure governments and the citizens in transition economies in supporting the shock therapy transition plan. The shock therapy policies had well-known outcomes: a substantial reduction in output and employment, hyperinflation and current account deficits. These policies were essential, the shock therapy supporters argued, to stimulate "creative destruction. " In contrast, for the Post Keynesians the "short-term necessary adjustments" stipulated by shock therapy supporters were not required. An alternative strategy based on a managed transition process guided by active government intervention would have not resulted in the "necessary" negative outcomes associated with the shock therapy transition process. Based on Post Keynesian propositions the goal of transition should be the development of a civilized market capitalist society (Davidson and Davidson, 1996; Marangos, 2000-2001). A civilized society required the establishment of the institutional prerequisites for market capitalism, which naturally is unstable, to provide full employment and economic growth, reducing insecurity and high living standards (peterson, 1996, p. 167; Minsky and Whalen, 1996--1997, p. 168).
Impact of Glucose-Lowering Agents on the Risk of Cancer in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. The Barcelona Case-Control Study

Background The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of glucose-lowering agents in the risk of cancer in a large type 2 diabetic population. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted within a defined cohort (275,164 type 2 diabetic patients attending 16 Primary Health Care Centers of Barcelona). Cases (n = 1,040) comprised those subjects with any cancer diagnosed between 2008 and 2010, registered at the Cancer Registry of Hospital Vall d'Hebron (Barcelona). Three control subjects for each case (n = 3,120) were matched by age, sex, diabetes duration, and geographical area. The treatments analyzed (within 3 years prior to cancer diagnosis) were: insulin glargine, insulin detemir, human insulin, fast-acting insulin and analogues, metformin, sulfonylureas, repaglinide, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and alpha glucosidase inhibitors. Conditional logistic regressions were used to calculate the risk of cancer associated with the use of each drug adjusted by age, BMI, dose and duration of treatment, alcohol use, smoking habit, and diabetes duration. Results No differences were observed between case and control subjects for the proportion, dose or duration of exposure to each treatment. None of the types of insulin and oral agents analyzed showed a significant increase in the risk of cancer. Moreover, no cancer risk was observed when glargine was used alone or in combination with metformin. Conclusions Our results suggest that diabetes treatment does not influence the risk of cancer associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, an eventual increase of cancer should not be a reason for biasing the selection of any glucose-lowering treatment in type 2 diabetic population.