Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid Metabolism During Early Stages of Wallerian Degeneration in the Rat Sciatic Nerve

Abstract We examined changes in biosynthetic capacity of sciatic nerve during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration, utilizing a model that permits exclusion of nonresident cells from degenerating nerve. Sciatic nerve segments were placed in either 5‐μm pore (allowing infiltration of nonresident cells) or 0.22‐μm pore (excluding nonresident cells) Millipore diffusion chambers and then implanted in the peritoneal cavity of the same 32‐34‐day‐old rat. At times up to 7 days post‐surgery, nerve segments from the chambers, as well as control segments from the contralateral sciatic nerve, were removed and their capacity to incorporate radioactive precursors into lipids and proteins assayed in vitro. In nerve segments from both the 0.22‐ and 5‐μm pore chambers, incorporation of [14C]acetate into total lipids was decreased relative to control by 50% at 12 h postsurgery and by 85% at day 3. This decreased incorporation of [14C]acetate reflects primarily decreased de novo synthesis of cholesterol and of fatty acyl residues incorporated into glycerolipids and sphingolipids. There was a preferentially decreased synthesis of cerebrosides and cholesterol (components enriched in myelin) relative to other lipids, while cholesterol esters and free fatty acids (products of membrane degradation) accounted for a greater proportion of the greatly reduced levels of total lipid label. In contrast to [14C]acetate, incorporation of [3H]glycerol into lipids was increased up to fourfold, relative to control, 1 day after nerve transection. This increased incorporation of [3H]glycerol does not reflect de novo synthesis of lipids (which is decreased), but rather removal of toxic fatty acyl residues derived from degradation of myelin lipids; these toxic compounds must be removed by resynthesis into nonmyelin glycerolipids and cholesterol esters. The inhibition of de novo synthesis of myelin lipids in Schwann cells during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration occurs independently of hematogenously‐derived cells. We suggest that Wallerian degeneration rapidly results in some breakdown of myelin, and that the increased free fatty acid levels resulting from degradation of myelin lipids inhibit the de novo synthesis of new myelin lipid.
Velocity Characteristics of Air-mist Jet during Secondary Cooling of Continuous Casting Using PIV and LDV

Air-mist jet is increasing in number of facilities for a variety of applications in surface cooling. It can provide a good balance of high heat removal capability. The present study focused on the velocity characteristics of the air-mist jet produced by a fan-shaped nozzle under different operating conditions during secondary cooling of continuous casting. To this end, the authors conducted experimental research, employing optical techniques, i.e. , particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) to measure a fanlike flow field in an air-mist jet. However, the researchers observed different results between the PIV and LDV measurements, mainly at the outlet of the nozzle region. This article identifies velocity characteristics of air-mist jet during secondary cooling of continuous casting, which is divided into two parts for velocity distribution structure of air-mist jet, and self-similar and well described by a Gaussian distribution for the whole flow field. The study provides a suggestion to optimise the flow field of a fanlike air-mist nozzle for different working conditions. Furthermore, the behavior of gas-liquid two-phase flow can be understood by examining the difference in velocity characteristics between the PIV and LDV measurements of the air-mist jet.
Genotype-dependent increase in plasma ACE activity after CABG is prevented by ACE inhibition.

CONTEXTS: Les patients porteurs du genotype de deletion de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine (ECA) auraient one reaction de croissance cardiovasculaire plus prononcee apres certaines interventions cardiovasculaires, ce qui pourrait expliquer l'effet de l'inhibition de l'ECA sur l'activite de l'ECA dependante du genotype. OBJECTIFS: Examiner l'induction de l'activite de l'ECA plasmatique dependante du genotype et les effets d'une inhibition de l'ECA (quinapril) en reponse a un pontage aortocoronarien. METHODES: Cent trente-quatre patients devant subir un pontage aortocoronarien electif ont ete repartis au hasard pour recevoir en insu un traitement par voie orale par le quinapril (40 mg/jour) ou un placebo. L'activite de l'ECA plasmatique a ete determinee avant le pontage (valeur initiate) et un an apres (suivi). RESULTATS: Dans le groupe recevant le placebo, l'activite de l'ECA plasmatique intraindividuelle a augmente significativement apres un an chez les sujets porteurs des genotypes insertion (I)/deletion (D) et D/D (p < 0,01), mais non chez les patients I/I. La diminution de l'activite ECA chez les patients prenant le quinapril etait comparable dans les trois groupes genotypiques. Si l'on tient compte de la hausse plus marquee de l'activite ECA chez les patients D/D, c'est chez ces patients que l'effet absolu du quinapril a ete le plus fort. CONCLUSIONS: L'activite de l'ECA plasmatique augmente significativement un an apres un pontage aortocoronarien chez les patients porteurs de l'allele D du gene de l'ECA. L'inhibition de l'ECA previent la hausse de l'activite de l'ECA plasmatique apres un pontage aortocoronarien, tout particulierement chez les patients porteurs de l'allele D.
A Framework for Extracting Semantic Guarantees from Privacy

Statistical privacy views privacy definitions as contracts that guide the behavior of algorithms that take in sensitive data and produce sanitized data. For most existing privacy definitions, it is not clear what they actually guarantee. In this paper, we propose the first (to the best of our knowledge) framework for extracting semantic guarantees from privacy definitions. That is, instead of answering narrow questions such as "does privacy definition Y protect X? " the goal is to answer the more general question "what does privacy definition Y protect? " The privacy guarantees we can extract are Bayesian in nature and deal with changes in an attacker's beliefs. The key to our framework is an object we call the row cone. Every privacy definition has a row cone, which is a convex set that describes all the ways an attacker's prior beliefs can be turned into posterior beliefs after observing an output of an algorithm satisfying that privacy definition. The framework can be applied to privacy definitions or even to individual algorithms to identify the types of inferences they defend against. We illustrate the use of our framework with analyses of several definitions and algorithms for which we can derive previously unknown semantics. These include randomized response, FRAPP, and several algorithms that add integer-valued noise to their inputs.
Performance and scalability of voltage controllers in multi-terminal HVDC networks

In this paper, we compare the transient performance of a multi-terminal high-voltage DC (MTDC) grid equipped with a slack bus for voltage control to that of two distributed control schemes: a standard droop controller and a distributed averaging proportional-integral (DAPI) controller. We evaluate performance in terms of an ℋ2 metric that quantifies expected deviations from nominal voltages, and show that the transient performance of a droop or DAPI controlled MTDC grid is always superior to that of an MTDC grid with a slack bus. In particular, by studying systems built up over lattice networks, we show that the ℋ2 norm of a slack bus controlled system may scale unboundedly with network size, while the norm remains uniformly bounded with droop or DAPI control. We simulate the control strategies on radial MTDC networks to demonstrate that the transient performance for the slack bus controlled system deteriorates significantly as the network grows, which is not the case with the distributed control strategies.
Arterial Supply of Atrioventricular Node and Bundle in Relation to Degree of Stenosis of Coronary Artery among Sudanese Population (Coronary Angiography Study)

The coronary arteries diseases are one of the most causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in the developing countries. Coronary obstructions are generally described by location and severity of stenosis. Manual tracing and measurement of the stenosis vessel in comparison to reference location of stenosis can be helpful to classify whether a lesion is significant or not. The aim of this study is to identify the dominant type of circulation carried out in patients presented in heart institute and associated with degree of stenosis in RCA and LAD artery. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out on patients reporting to Heart Institute from June 2013 to August 2013 (311 patients records as a total coverage were collected as sample) whose coronary artery angiography revealed pathology in coronary arteries. Result: The findings were 71.7% right dominant, 23.5% left dominant and 4.8% co-dominant; LAD tends to be stricture with right dominant circulation type. LAD artery tends to be stenosis at proximal and mid segment while in the RCA tends to be stenosis in mid and distal segments. The right dominant artery is popular type of circulation in Sudanese people reported in Sudan Heart Institute; there is no significance association between gender and arterial type of circulation and also degree stenosis in LAD degree of stenosis in RCA. I observed that the site of stenosis in LAD artery was proximal and mid (P value < 0.05 significance association). Conclusion: Patients present at the heart institute are right dominant mostly coming with proximal and middle LAD stenosis unlike RCA which commonly presents with distal and middle stenosis, so the middle segment of coronary artery is stenosis in both situations. There are wild variations in dominance artery in relation to reduction of diameter in deferent ethic group. There are no significant associations between the gender and dominant artery.
Six different football shoes, one playing surface and the weather; Assessing variation in shoe-surface traction over one season of elite football

Introduction An optimal range of shoe-surface traction (grip) exists to improve performance and minimise injury risk. Little information exists regarding the magnitude of traction forces at shoe-surface interface across a full season of elite football (soccer) using common football shoes. Objective To assess variation in shoe-surface traction of six different football shoe models throughout a full playing season in Qatar encompassing climatic and grass species variations. Methods Football shoes were loaded onto a portable shoe-surface traction testing machine at five individual testing time points to collect traction data (rotational and translational) on a soccer playing surface across one season. Surface mechanical properties (surface hardness, soil moisture) and climate data (temperature and humidity) were collected at each testing time point. Results Peak rotational traction was significantly different across shoe models (F = 218, df = 5, p <0.0001), shoe outsole groups (F = 316.2, df = 2, p < .0001), and grass species (F = 202.8, df = 4, p < 0.0001). No main effect for shoe model was found for translational traction (F = 2.392, p = 0.07). Conclusions The rotational (but not translational) traction varied substantially across different shoe types, outsole groups, and grass species. Highest rotational traction values were seen with soft ground outsole (screw-in metal studs) shoes tested on warm season grass. This objective data allows more informed footwear choices for football played in warm/hot climates on sand-based elite football playing surfaces. Further research is required to confirm if these findings extend across other football shoe brands.
Angiographic Evaluation of Brain Infarction Limited to the Anterior Cerebral Artery Territory

Background and Purpose: Brain infarction localized in the anterior cerebral artery territory is rather uncommon, and its etiology has not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: Based on computed tomographic findings, 17 patients with solitary anterior cerebral artery territory infarction were selected from among 3,619 patients admitted consecutively to our institute. Patients without angiographic examinations were excluded. The angiographic findings and clinical category of stroke were analyzed in each patient. Results: Angiographic abnormalities were revealed in all patients. These consisted of occlusive changes (n = 10) or reversible segmental dilatation (n = 3) of the anterior cerebral artery, A1 hypoplasia (n = 5), and occlusive changes of the carotid artery (n = 3). In one patient with anterior cerebral artery occlusion, the occluded artery was reopened and subsequently became reoccluded. The clinical category of stroke was classified as atherothrombotic in 10 patients, cardioembolic in three, and undetermined in the remaining four. In eight of the 10 patients with atherothrombotic infarction, the anterior cerebral artery was narrowed or occluded. In all patients with cardioembolic infarction, the A1 segment contralateral to the infarction was hypoplastic. Conclusions: In our series, solitary anterior cerebral artery territory infarction was attributable most commonly to local atherothrombosis and occasionally to cardiogenic embolism. A hypoplastic A1 segment may facilitate the occurrence of embolism in the anterior cerebral artery. Reversible dilatatory and occlusive changes of this artery may be another important cause of infarction. (Stroke 1993;24:549‐553)
Comprehensive analysis of targetable oncogenic mutations in chinese cervical cancers

Mutations in 16 targetable oncogenic genes were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing in 285 Chinese cervical cancers. Their clinicopathological relevance and prognostic significance was assessed. Ninety-two nonsynonymous somatic mutations were identified in 29.8% of the cancers. The mutation rates were as follows: PIK3CA (12.3%), KRAS (5.3%), HER2 (4.2%), FGFR3-TACC3 fusions (3.9%), PTEN (2.8%), FGFR2 (1.8%), FGFR3 (0.7%), NRAS (0.7%), HRAS (0.4%) and EGFR (0.4%). No mutations were detected in AKT1 or BRAF, and the fusions FGFR1-TACC1, EML4-ALK, CCDC6-RET and KIF5B-RET were not found in any of the cancers. RTK and RAS mutations were more common in non-squamous carcinomas than in squamous carcinomas (P=0.043 and P=0.042, respectively). RAS mutations were more common in young patients (<45 years) (13.7% vs. 7.7%, P=0.027). RTK mutations tended to be more common in young patients, whereas PIK3CA/PTEN/AKT mutations tended to be more common in old patients. RAS mutations were significantly associated with disease relapse. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of major targetable oncogenic mutations in a large cohort of cervical cancer cases. Our data reveal that a considerable proportion of patients with cervical cancers harbor known druggable mutations and might benefit from targeted therapy.
The origin of ovarian cancer—is it getting clearer?

The association of endometriosis and ovarian cancer was first reported by Sampson in 1925.1 Transitional areas of endometriosis, ranging from benign to atypical, adjacent to ovarian cancer have been well documented.2 The risk of ovarian cancer among women with endometriosis is higher, by 30 to 40%, than among women without endometriosis. The vast majority of ovarian cancers associated with endometriosis are clear-cell or endometrioid carcinomas. The early development of ovarian cancer remains poorly defined. Historically, most attention has been focused on serous adenocarcinoma, the most common and lethal histologic type. These tumors have been thought to arise from the surface .
A business process modeling-enabled requirements engineering framework for ERP implementation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the benefits of the application of a requirements engineering framework to assist Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) development. This framework combines the technology-driven and the process-driven approaches for requirements analysis and implementation. Specific business process modeling methods enhance the framework and assist the formulation of the functional specifications of the ERP system and the management of requirements. Design/methodology/approach – A case study strategy was chosen as the most appropriate method to answer the research question and test the theoretical propositions. The case study’s unit of analysis is a Greek manufacturing company and its ERP implementation project. A requirements engineering framework enhanced with business process modeling methods was applied and the results were evaluated using metrics for ERP implementation success. Data were collected using multiple sources of evidences, including interviews wi.
On using the leveling of the free surface of a Newtonian fluid to measure viscosity and Navier slip length

is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Abstract Measuring the relaxation time involved in the leveling of the free surface of a Newtonian fluid laid on a substrate can give access to material parameters. It is shown here how most favorable pattern geometries of the free surface and film thicknesses can be defined for the measures of viscosity and Navier slip length at the fluid-solid interface, respectively. Moreover, special emphasis is put on the conditions required to avoid shear-thinning by controling the maximum shear rate. For initially sinu-soidal patterns with infinitesimal amplitudes, an analytical solution including slip at the fluid-solid interface is used, and numerical simulations based on the natural element method allow to discuss the effect of finite amplitudes. This leads to the definition of a relevance domain for the analytical solution that avoids the need for numerical simulations in practical applications. It is also shown how these results can be applied to crenelated profiles, where Fourier series expansion can be used, but with caution.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a monitor of chemotherapy in disseminated colorectal cancer

A rising CEA level is accepted as a sensitive indicator of recurrent colorectal carcinoma. In order to assess its efficacy in monitoring responses to chemotherapy in disseminated disease, 47 patients with documented metastatic colorectal cancer were studied. All had pretreatment CEA determinations and 40/ 47 (85%) patients had CEA levels greater than 4.0 ng/ml. Patients with hepatic metastases had the highest CEA values and none were found to have levels less than 4.0 ng/ml. Thirty patients received chemotherapy and had serial CEA determinations. 4/30 (13.3%) demonstrated probable tumor regression, 7/30 (23.3%) had stable disease, while 19/30 (63.3%) showed disease progression. CEA titers declined in all four responders, but in only one instance did the level fall to below 4.0 ng/ml and provide evidence of a tumor response not appreciated clinically. The only cytotoxic drugs effecting tumor regressions were 5‐FU and 5‐FUDR. CEA levels usually rose as disease progressed, but once elevated, absolute values did not correlate directly with tumor burden. The further usefulness of CEA assays in monitoring disseminated colorectal cancer awaits the development of improved chemotherapeutic agents.
Histone Deacetylase 4 Possesses Intrinsic Nuclear Import and Export Signals

ABSTRACT Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) plays an important role in regulating its function, and binding of 14-3-3 proteins is necessary for its cytoplasmic retention. Here, we report the identification of nuclear import and export sequences of HDAC4. While its N-terminal 118 residues modulate the nuclear localization, residues 244 to 279 constitute an authentic, strong nuclear localization signal. Mutational analysis of this signal revealed that three arginine-lysine clusters are necessary for its nuclear import activity. As for nuclear export, leucine-rich sequences located in the middle part of HDAC4 do not function as nuclear export signals. By contrast, a hydrophobic motif (MXXLXVXV) located at the C-terminal end serves as a nuclear export signal that is necessary for cytoplasmic retention of HDAC4. This motif is required for CRM1-mediated nuclear export of HDAC4. Furthermore, binding of 14-3-3 proteins promotes cytoplasmic localization of HDAC4 by both inhibiting its nuclear import and stimulating its nuclear export. Unlike wild-type HDAC4, a point mutant with abrogated MEF2-binding ability remains cytoplasmic upon exogenous expression of MEF2C, supporting the notion that direct MEF2 binding targets HDAC4 to the nucleus. Therefore, HDAC4 possesses intrinsic nuclear import and export signals for its dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and association with 14-3-3 and MEF2 proteins affects such shuttling and thus directs HDAC4 to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, respectively.
Neural Autoantibody Clusters Aid Diagnosis of Cancer

Purpose: Clustering of neural autoantibodies in patients with paraneoplastic neurologic disorders may predict tumor type. A mathematical analysis of neural autoantibody clusters was performed in 78,889 patients undergoing evaluation for a suspected paraneoplastic autoimmune neurologic disorder. Tumor predictive autoantibody profiles were confirmed in sera from patients with histologically proven tonsillar cancer, thymoma, and lung cancer. Patients and Methods: Of note, 78,889 patient sera were tested for 15 defined neural autoantibodies (1.2 million tests). The observed and hypothesized frequencies of autoantibody clusters were compared and their tumor associations defined. A tumor validation study comprised serum from 368 patients with a variety of tumors (thymoma, lung, or tonsil). Results: Informative oncological associations included (i) thymoma in 85% of patients with muscle striational, acetylcholine receptor antibodies plus CRMP5 autoantibodies; (ii) lung carcinoma in 80% with both P/Q-type and N-type calcium channel antibodies plus SOX1-IgG; and (iii) in men, prostate carcinoma frequency more than doubled when striational and muscle AChR specificities were accompanied by ganglionic AChR antibody. In women, amphiphysin-IgG alone was associated commonly with breast carcinoma, but amphiphysin-IgG, coexisting with antineuronal nuclear autoantibody-type 1 or CRMP5-IgG, was associated with lung cancer (P < 0.0001). In the validation cohorts, many tumor-associated profiles were encountered that matched the clusters identified in the screening study (e.g., 15% of thymoma patients had striational, acetylcholine receptor antibodies plus collapsin response-mediator protein-5 autoantibodies). Conclusions: Neural autoantibodies commonly coexist in specific clusters that are identifiable by comprehensive screening. Signature autoantibody clusters may predict a patient's cancer risk and type. Clin Cancer Res; 20(14); 3862–9. ©2014 AACR.