Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arranged Marriage, Identity, and Well-being among British Asian Gay Men

The cultural expectation of an arranged heterosexual marriage poses social and psychological challenges for British Asian gay men. This article examines the diary accounts of 12 British Asian gay men concerning their perceptions and feelings concerning marriage in face of familial pressure to get married and the implications for identity processes and psychological well-being. Data were analyzed qualitatively using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Identity Process Theory. The following themes are outlined: (1) “Bringing it up”: Coercion, threat, and negative emotions; (2) Sidestepping marriage: Strategies for coping with threat; and (3) “A no-win situation”: Marriage as a dilemma. Familial coercion into marriage can threaten identity and psychological well-being and individuals seem to deploy intrapsychic/interpersonal coping strategies which have limited long-term efficacy.
Potential Biases in Leadership Measures: How Prototypes, Leniency, and General Satisfaction Relate to Ratings and Rankings of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Constructs

Eighty-seven respondents completed either a graphic rating or a forced ranking questionnaire describing their immediate superior. Five leadership scales were embedded in each questionnaire. Three represented transformational leadership constructs (charismatic leadership, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation); two reflected transactional leadership constructs (contingent reward and management-by-exception). Appended to each questionnaire were five additional scales. The items constituting these scales measured two outcomes-satisfaction with the leader and effectiveness of the leader. The remaining scales measured each participant's leadership prototype, the participant's tendency to be lenient in his/her ratings, and a general measure of satisfaction. As expected, the intercorrelations among the factor scores representing the transformational and transactional leadership constructs were reduced substantially by using the forced rankings as compared with the graphic ratings. Also, the magnitude of the relationships among leadership and outcome factor scores was reduced, on average, when using the forced rankings. Prototypicality factor scores were more highly correlated with factor scores reflecting transformational than were factor scores portraying transactional leadership. The tendency of participants to be more or less lenient in their ratings or rankings and their general level of satisfaction were of little or no consequence to the intercorrelations among the leadership and outcome factor scales.
Literature preferences of fourth graders

Abstract This study is an attempt to determine the literature preferences of fourth grade boys and girls. The purpose of the study is to assist teachers in promoting reading by selecting literature that these children prefer to read. A fictitious‐annotated‐titles survey was used to determine reading preferences in ten fiction and eleven non‐fiction categories, and to determine the effect of gender of main characters on reading preference. A sample stratified by type of school district was randomly selected from the elementary schools in Ohio. The final sample included 211 girls and 194 boys. Both boys and girls were found to prefer fiction more strongly than non‐fiction. The girls preferred fiction more strongly than the boys, and the boys preferred non‐fiction more strongly than the girls. The boys preferred male main characters more strongly than the girls. The girls preferred female main characters more strongly than the boys.
Understanding Racial Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests in Selection Contexts: An Integration of Stereotype Threat and Applicant Reactions Research

This study integrates research on stereotype threat with research on applicant perceptions to examine how these two paradigms jointly enhance the understanding of racial subgroup cognitive ability test differences in selection contexts. A simulated selection context was used so that both stereotype threat and face validity could be manipulated. Participants were 250 White and 144 Black students. Using a 3 (stereotype threat: diagnostic, non-diagnostic, control) × 2 (face validity: face valid, generic) × 2 (race: Black, White) between-subjects design, our results found that stereotype threat interacted with face validity and race, but only for individuals highly identified with their racial group. Results suggested that Blacks performed best when taking the generic test in the control condition, whereas when taking the face valid test, they performed best in the non-diagnostic condition. Across all threat and face validity conditions, Black performance was worst in the diagnostic condition. In addition, correlational analyses found important individual differences in perceptions of stereotype threat, such that these perceptions contributed to lower face validity, lower test-taking motivation, and higher anxiety. Further, motivation positively and anxiety negatively influenced actual test performance. Thus, this study finds that research on stereotype threat and applicant perceptions are complementary, and together contribute to a better understanding of subgroup differences on cognitive ability tests.
Major Psychological Factors Determining Public Acceptance of the Siting of Nuclear Facilities

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that factors that determine public acceptance of nuclear facilities in a general situation are different from factors that determine public acceptance of nuclear facilities in a siting situation by using a causal model. A survey was conducted in Japan with 1,000 randomly selected adult participants. The results were that in a general situation, both perceived risk and perceived benefit are important for public acceptance of nuclear facilities. In addition, in a siting situation, perceived risk is very important for public acceptance of nuclear facilities, whereas perceived benefit has little importance for public acceptance. Thus, for discussions concerning public acceptance of a facility associated with risk, it is important to clarify whether the viewpoint of a general situation or the viewpoint of a siting situation should be adopted.
Vitamin B6-magnesium treatment for autism: the current status of the research.

Auteur(s) : Kimberly A Murza, Stacey L Pavelko, Melissa D Malani, Chad Nye University of Central Florida, Center for Autism and Related Disabilities, Orlando, USA In 2005, a systematic review was published by the Cochrane Collaboration that reviewed the effects of vitamin B6-magnesium (vit B6-Mg) treatment for autism [1]. The focus of the review was to assess the impact of vit B6-Mg for improving the communication and behavioural responses of children and adults with [. ]
The relationship between science process abilities of teachers and science achievement of students: An experimental study

The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the relationships among science teacher characteristics and student outcomes. The selected characteristics of teachers are their understanding of science processes and their ability to control variables, and the outcomes of students are the achievement in science contents and processes. The results support the hypothesized relationships and show that the teacher ability to control variables is a more valuable characteristic than the understanding of science processes for student achievement. Conclusions are drawn about the implications for the education of science teachers.
TASK REPETITION AND SECOND LANGUAGE SPEECH PROCESSING

This study examines the relationship between the repetition of oral monologue tasks and immediate gains in L2 fluency. It considers the effect of aural-oral task repetition on speech rate, frequency of clause-final and midclause filled pauses, and overt self-repairs across different task types and proficiency levels and relates these findings to specific stages of L2 speech production (conceptualization, formulation, and monitoring). Thirty-two Japanese learners of English sampled at three levels of proficiency completed three oral communication tasks (instruction, narration, and opinion) six times. Results revealed that immediate aural-oral same task repetition was related to gains in oral fluency regardless of proficiency level or task type. Overall gains in speech rate were the largest across the first three performances of each task type but continued until the fifth performance. More specifically, however, clause-final pauses decreased until the second performance, midclause pauses decreased up to the fourth, and self-repairs decreased only after the fourth performance, indicating that task repetition may have been differentially related to specific stages in the speech production process.
Currencies of Social Support: Israeli-Palestinian Single Mothers in Their Families and Communities

This article addresses the support and supervisional relations of Israeli Palestinian women who are single mothers vis-a-vis their families and communities. This article links the theoretical discussion of gift economy with the discussion of power relations and gender. Whereas previous studies have emphasized aggressive means of supervising women, the focus on gifts allows for an examination of single mothers and kinship relationships in the context of dependency, power and obligation. As single mothers, many women enjoy several types of concrete support and assistance. This study shows that in return, they are required to “repay” in various “currencies,” which are manifested in several obedience patterns. This is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with Palestinian single mothers in Israel.
On the Risk Exposure of Smart Home Automation Systems

Achieving security in Internet of Things environments has been identified as one of the top barriers for realizing the vision of smart, energy-efficient homes and buildings. In this context, understanding the risks related to the use and potential misuse of information about customers, partners, and end-users, as well as, forming methods for integrating security-enhancing measures in the design is not straightforward and thus requires substantial investigation. A risk analysis applied on a smart home automation system developed in a research project involving leading industrial actors has been conducted. The results indicate that with the implementation of standard security features, new as well as, current risks can be minimized to acceptable levels albeit that the most serious risks, i.e., those derived from the human factor, need more careful consideration, as they are inherently complex in nature.
Efficient implementation of probabilistic multi-pitch tracking

We significantly improve the computational efficiency of a probabilistic approach for multiple pitch tracking. This method is based on a factorial hidden Markov model and two alternative interaction models for magnitude and log-magnitude spectra, respectively. The main computational bottleneck comprises the determination of observation likelihoods. However, we show that up to 99.5% of the smallest likelihood values can be discarded at each time frame without affecting the overall tracking accuracy. For both interaction models, we present a heuristic to efficiently find the largest likelihood values. Experiments on the GRID database show that the proposed methods result in a major speedup without significantly changing tracking accuracy.
Modernity with Limits: The Narrative Construction of Intimate Relationships, Sex and Social Change in Carlos Cuauhtémoc Sánchez's Juventud en Éxtasis

In this article, I explore the narrative construction of sexualities and intimate relationships in the self-help novel Youth in Sexual Ecstasy by Mexican writer Carlos Cuauhtémoc Sánchez. Self-help texts may be understood as being indicative of the reconstitution of the cultural logics of intimate life in relation to processes of modernization and globalization. The popular work of Cuauhtémoc Sánchez in particular points to respective cultural transformations and tensions emerging in Latin American contexts. The text is firmly embedded in the political project of reasserting a hegemonic construction of Mexican sexual identity based on the nation's patriarchal Christian heritage in the face of social change and tendencies towards a pluralization of sexual understandings and practices.
Syntactic Context and Lexical Access

Recent studies demonstrating that multiple meanings of an ambiguous word are initially accessed even when only one reading is syntactically appropriate with the preceding context can be criticized on at least two grounds. First, many of the syntactic contexts used were not truly restrictive, and, secondly, subjects may not have had time to integrate the context before processing the ambiguous word. In the present study, subjects listened to a sentence ending in an ambiguous word and then made a lexical decision to a target related to either the appropriate or inappropriate reading. Contexts were completely restrictive, and a pause was introduced between the context and the ambiguous word. Multiple access still obtained, providing further support for the claim that lexical access is not guided by syntactic context.
Increased Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children With Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity

Objective—The relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection and arterial measures of preclinical atherosclerosis has remained controversial. Because atherogenesis begins in early life, we examined whether carotid and aortic intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery endothelial function are associated with Cpn seropositivity in children. Methods and Results—Cpn-specific IgG and IgA antibodies were assessed by enzyme immunoassay in 199 healthy children followed-up annually from 7 to 11 years of age. Carotid (cIMT) and aortic IMT (aIMT), and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured in 137 of the 199 children at the age of 11 years using high-resolution ultrasound. Children with persistent IgG and/or IgA seropositivity to Cpn had significantly increased aIMT compared with seronegative children (IgG≤45 and IgA≤12 enzyme immunounits) or children with transient Cpn seropositivity (seronegative, 0.496 [0.054]; transient, 0.494 [0.061]; and persistent, 0.532 [0.086] mm; P<0.05 for trend). This trend was not explained by traditional atherosclerotic risk factors or pubertal stage. cIMT and FMD were not associated with Cpn seropositivity. Conclusions—Eleven-year-old children with persistent Cpn seropositivity show increased aIMT but not cIMT, suggesting that Cpn may affect the aortic wall, the site where the earliest atherosclerotic lesions are known to occur, in otherwise healthy children.
Freeze‐Fracture Studies of Denervated and Tenotomized Rat Muscle

We studied the effects of denervation and tenotomy on the freeze-fracture ultrastructure of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. The muscle plasma membrane was analyzed for the density of orthogonal arrays and caveolae. A period was found up to 30 days of age where innervation is required for the development and maintenance of orthogonal arrays. Denervation of older animals had no effect on the density of orthogonal arrays. The caveolar density increased after denervation at all ages. Tenotomy delayed the development of normal arrays, but had no significant effect on caveolar density. The results obtained for neonatally denervated rat muscles are similar to those seen in the muscles of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Who benefits from widening participation? A study of targeting in the South West of England

As the Aimhigher programme is a targeted initiative, partnerships have to find ways of locating groups that are under‐represented in higher education (HE) and selecting participants for interventions. If the selection criteria are not robust, resources will be misdirected, while overly narrow indicators can exclude legitimate participants and risk stigmatizing beneficiaries. Striking the right balance is difficult but essential if the programme is to be effective. This article explores the ways in which the Aimhigher partnerships in the South West of England have targeted participants and considers the extent to which their approach has directed the programme towards its intended beneficiaries. Using dual criteria of potential to benefit from HE and no parental experience of HE, these partnerships worked with schools to identify school students to take part in their activities. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data about a sample of 557 school students, 80% had no parental background in HE and 83% achieved five or more A*–Cs at GCSE. Although the criteria for selection were being accurately operationalized, only a third of the sample were from socio‐economic groups IIIm, IV and V that have been identified as under‐represented in HE. Nevertheless, the programme was reaching those without parental experience of HE who might need more support to progress to HE. In addition, those from manual backgrounds were most likely to have obtained most exposure to the programme through multiple interventions. This evidence suggests that the Aimhigher programme in the South West is indeed reaching its prime target group.
The influence of muscle tremor on shooting performance

Shooting ability is compromised by involuntary movement. Some of this movement is physiological tremor. Tremor size has a demonstrable inverse correlation with shooting performance. Consequently, factors which affect tremor size should affect shooting ability. Adrenaline and local muscle warming markedly increase tremor size, whereas local muscle cooling reduces it. The physiological mechanisms behind these changes are not well understood, but they have the potential to affect shooting performance in subjects who exercise heavily and/or are exposed to extreme environments. The Olympic biathlon is an event in which vigorous physical exercise alternates with rifle shooting and it often takes place in a cold environment. The possible impact of exercise, temperature and other factors on the Olympic biathlete is considered here.
Affective Style and Affective Disorders: Perspectives from Affective Neuroscience

Individual differences in emotional reactivity or affective style can be decomposed into more elementary constituents. Several separable of affective style are identified such as the threshold for reactivity, peak amplitude of response, the rise time to peak and the recovery time. latter two characteristics constitute components of affective chronometry The circuitry that underlies two fundamental forms of motivation and and withdrawal-related processes-is described. Data on differences in functional activity in certain components of these are next reviewed, with an emphasis on the nomological network of surrounding individual differences in asymmetric prefrontal The relevance of such differences for understanding the nature affective dysfunction in affective disorders is then considered. The ends by considering what the prefrontal cortex “does” in certain of affective style and highlights some of the important questions for future research.
Enhanced Valence Force Field Model for the Lattice Properties of Gallium Arsenide

An enhanced valence force field model for zinc-blende crystals is developed to provide a unified description of the isothermal static and dynamical lattice properties of gallium arsenide. The expression for the lattice energy includes a second-nearest-neighbor coplanar interaction term, the Coulomb interaction between partially charged ions, and anharmonicity corrections. General relations are derived between the microscopic force constants and the macroscopic elastic constants in zinc-blende crystals. Applying the model to gallium arsenide, parameter sets are presented that yield quantitative agreement with experimental results for the phonon dispersion, elastic constants, sound velocities, and Grüneisen mode parameters.
Tennessee Self Concept Scale: Reliability, internal structure, and construct validity.

The construct validity of responses to the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) was evaluated in two sets of analyses. First, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and an analysis of variance model adapted from multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) research, were used to examine the internal structure of the TSCS responses. Second, MTMM analyses were adapted to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of TSCS responses in relation to responses to the Self Description Questionnaire III and to the multidimensional self-concept ratings inferred by external observers. The subjects were 343 participants (aged from 16 to 37 years) in one of 9 Outward Bound courses offered in 1985 or 1986 at the University of Sydney (Australia). One-third of the subjects were full-time students, and most of the others were employed full-time during the year prior to the course. Across all analyses there was consistent support for TSCS family, social, and physical scales, but less consistent support for other TSCS scales. Eight tables are included and a list of 58 references is appended. (Author/TJH) **************************************************** ***** ************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************4**************************************************** The Tennessee Self Concept Scale: Reliability, Internal Structure, and Construct Validity Herbert W. Marsh, University of Sydney, Australia Gary E. Richards, Australian Outward Bound School
A Survey of Body Sensor Networks

The technology of sensor, pervasive computing, and intelligent information processing is widely used in Body Sensor Networks (BSNs), which are a branch of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). BSNs are playing an increasingly important role in the fields of medical treatment, social welfare and sports, and are changing the way humans use computers. Existing surveys have placed emphasis on the concept and architecture of BSNs, signal acquisition, context-aware sensing, and system technology, while this paper will focus on sensor, data fusion, and network communication. And we will introduce the research status of BSNs, the analysis of hotspots, and future development trends, the discussion of major challenges and technical problems facing currently. The typical research projects and practical application of BSNs are introduced as well. BSNs are progressing along the direction of multi-technology integration and intelligence. Although there are still many problems, the future of BSNs is fundamentally promising, profoundly changing the human-machine relationships and improving the quality of people's lives.
Attitudes and Motivation Towards English: A Survey of Japanese Freshmen

Over 300 freshmen in a Japanese university were surveyed to assess their attitudes towards English. In addition to a background profile addressing the student's amount of informal exposure to English, the survey asked for a self-assessment of English skills, the motivation for studying English, and the functions for which English was felt to be most useful. The results showed students who have had little exposure to English, and whose self-rating of their own skills showed extremely low morale. Surprisingly, integrative and personal reasons for learn ing English were preferred over instrumental ones. English was seen as being useful for a selection of modern functions, but not useful for domestic and local ones. Such findings pose problems concerning the role of English language teaching at university level in Japan. It remains unclear what precise combination of regulatory control, cur riculum, methods, faculty, and texts would best achieve higher levels of motivation and achievement.