Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Heterogeneity of Benign Thyroid Lesions

The present series includes 75 thyroid lesions (38 goiters, 30 adenomas, 3 follicullo‐papillary encapsulated carcinomas and 4 normal thyroid) that were studied by static and flow cytometry. Four cases were also analyzed by in situ hybridization (centromeric probes for chromosomes 1 and 17) and 10 cases by G‐banding cytogenetics. Results demonstrate a polymorphysm and genetic instability in the thyroid tissue that may be related to the spontaneous polyploidization of their cells. The most consistent finding in cytometry was the presence of two clones associated with clinical or histological hyperactivity (46% versus 23% in non‐functioning cases; X2 distribution with a p < 0.05). Chromosomal anomalies were detected in two out of 10 cases: 46, XX, t(5,19) in 87% of cells of a diffuse hyperplastic goiter and 49, XX, +7, +17, +22 in 19% of cells of thyroiditis case. Finally, the in situ hybridization technique showed hidden trisomies of clonal origin in all of the cases studied. Evaluation of clonal trisomies by the in situ hybridization technique using the confidence interval of a binomial distribution is discussed.
The ATCA/VLA OH 1612 MHz survey - III. Observations of the Northern Galactic Plane

We present observations of the region between 5 ' 45 andjbj3, in the OH 1612.231 MHz line, taken from 1993 to 1995 with NRAO's Very Large Array ? (VLA). These observations are the last part of a larger survey, coveringj'j45 andjbj3, with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the VLA. The region was systematically observed on a 30 0 30 0 grid in (';b) and the resulting coverage was 92%, with 965 pointings. We found 286 OH{masing objects, 161 of which are new detections and 207 have reliable IRAS point{ source identications. The outflow velocity was determined for 276 sources. A total of 766 sources were detected in the combined ATCA/VLA survey, of which 29 were detected in two regions of the survey. In this article we analyse the data statistically and give identications with known sources where possible. The \eciency" of this VLA survey is 75% of that of the ATCA Bulge survey. This eciency was determined by comparing the detections in the region where the two surveys overlap. The completeness{ and error characteristics are similar, though less homogeneous, except for the much larger errors in the flux densities. The relatively large surface number density found in the northern disk, suggests that we can see the Bar extending to higher longitudes on this side of the galactic Centre.
Effect of school fees and levies on enrollment of girls in Boarding Public Secondary Schools in Transmara Sub County, Kenya: an analytical study

In 2008 the government of Kenya started offering free tuition secondary education in all public secondary schools to ease parental burden and improve on quality of education. In boarding schools the situation did not become any better as parents were still to provide the boarding facilities and other necessities. The beneficiaries of education in boarding schools who could not meet the socioeconomic demands did drop out of schools leading to decline in enrolments. The average cost of educating a girl in a boarding school in forms one to three was Kshs. 39,056 while the cost of educating a girl in boarding school in form four was Kshs. 55,140. The subsidy of Kshs 10,265 only caters for 19 percent of the total cost of educating a girl in boarding school. Lack of boarding fees and other school levies contributed to decline in enrolment of girls in boarding schools. Other socioeconomic factors which influenced decline in enrolment of girls in boarding schools were: traditional cultural practices like female genital mutilation, early marriages, teenage pregnancies and preference to educate boys to the exclusion of girls. Poor school cultures like forced repetition, unattractive school diets and poor school Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examinations results affected enrolment in schools. Failure to implement government policies such as re-admission of teenage mothers to school, providing the needy girls with enough bursaries, stopping early marriages and discrimination of girls in the provision of education influenced decline of girls’ enrolment in boarding schools. The study recommended that the government should increase the amount of money for each girl in boarding secondary schools. The government should consider paying mock and Kenya Certificate of Secondary examination fee for girls in form four. The government and its agencies, the Nongovernmental organizations, politicians, parents, community leaders, schools and tertiary institutions should encourage the pastoral communities to shun their cultural practices which reduce the enrollment of girls in boarding secondary schools.
Music learning for fun and well being at any age

Music has long been shown to have diverse benefits for all age groups. Music therapy has been used in a variety of situations involving both physical and mental health issues. A report of a United Kingdom study on the benefits of older people's participation in community music activities prompted an investigation of the benefits of a new initiative in an Australian regional city - a ukulele group formed by members of the local branch of the University of the Third Age (U3A). Data gathering materials comprised a questionnaire completed by voluntary participants early in their involvement, a second questionnaire six weeks later, and a focus group near the end of the year, as well as participant observation. Both questionnaires incorporated Diener and Biswas-Diener's Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2009) and questions on the physical aspects of playing the ukulele. The first also sought details of demographics, motivation for learning, musical preferences and any previous experience in learning a musical instrument. The second asked for highlights and challenges and whether the experience could be recommended to others of their age. Responses indicate enjoyment in learning something new, despite some challenges, and in being part of the group. This is supported by the fact that most original members are still attending, and many new ones have joined them.
A three-dimensional ParF meshwork assembles through the nucleoid to mediate plasmid segregation

Abstract Genome segregation is a fundamental step in the life cycle of every cell. Most bacteria rely on dedicated DNA partition proteins to actively segregate chromosomes and low copy-number plasmids. Here, by employing super resolution microscopy, we establish that the ParF DNA partition protein of the ParA family assembles into a three-dimensional meshwork that uses the nucleoid as a scaffold and periodically shuttles between its poles. Whereas ParF specifies the territory for plasmid trafficking, the ParG partner protein dictates the tempo of ParF assembly cycles and plasmid segregation events by stimulating ParF adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Mutants in which this ParG temporal regulation is ablated show partition deficient phenotypes as a result of either altered ParF structure or dynamics and indicate that ParF nucleoid localization and dynamic relocation, although necessary, are not sufficient per se to ensure plasmid segregation. We propose a Venus flytrap model that merges the concepts of ParA polymerization and gradient formation and speculate that a transient, dynamic network of intersecting polymers that branches into the nucleoid interior is a widespread mechanism to distribute sizeable cargos within prokaryotic cells.
The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for IPv4

The Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) is a simple and efficient routing protocol designed specifically for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks of mobile nodes. DSR allows the network to be completely self-organizing and self-configuring, without the need for any existing network infrastructure or administration. The protocol is composed of the two main mechanisms of "Route Discovery" and "Route Maintenance", which work together to allow nodes to discover and maintain routes to arbitrary destinations in the ad hoc network. All aspects of the protocol operate entirely on demand, allowing the routing packet overhead of DSR to scale automatically to only what is needed to react to changes in the routes currently in use. The protocol allows multiple routes to any destination and allows each sender to select and control the routes used in routing its packets, for example, for use in load balancing or for increased robustness. Other advantages of the DSR protocol include easily guaranteed loop- free routing, operation in networks containing unidirectional links, use of only "soft state" in routing, and very rapid recovery when routes in the network change. The DSR protocol is designed mainly for mobile ad hoc networks of up to about two hundred nodes and is designed to work well even with very high rates of mobility. This document specifies the operation of the DSR protocol for routing unicast IPv4 packets. This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community.
Proton MR spectroscopy in Wilson disease: analysis of 36 cases.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Wilson disease (WD) is rare but one of the few metabolic disorders that can possibly benefit from effective available treatments. The literature regarding proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) in WD is scarce and controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the brain metabolic changes due to WD by using MRS. To our knowledge, this is the first time that MRS was performed in such a large sample of patients with WD. METHODS Thirty-six patients with WD and 37 healthy volunteers were examined with MRS in the parieto-occipital cortex, frontal white matter, and basal ganglia (BG). Ratios of the following metabolites were calculated in relation to creatine (Cr): N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamine/glutamate (Glx). The mean peak line width was measured on each spectrum. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, patients with WD had significantly decreased NAA/Cr ratios in the three studied areas (P < .005) and an increased mI/Cr ratio in the BG (P < .001). Cho/Cr and Glx/Cr did not differ between the groups. The mean peak line in the BG was wider in patients than in control subjects. CONCLUSION WD is unequivocally associated with MRS changes that could possibly be assigned to neuronal loss (in the three studied areas), to gliosis, and to iron and/or copper deposition in the BG.
The relationship between job demands, job resources and teachers’ professional learning: is it explained by self-determination theory?

ABSTRACT Although teachers’ commitment to continuous professional learning is crucial for high quality education, research shows that this learning cannot be taken for granted. To better understand how teachers’ learning at work can be supported, this study investigates how effects of job demands (i.e. work pressure and emotional pressure) and job resources (i.e. task autonomy, transformational leadership, and collegial support) on teachers’ learning commitment (i.e. learning frequency and engagement) can be explained by basic psychological need satisfaction and autonomous motivation, as posited by self-determination theory. At two occasions, approximately one year apart, data was collected in a sample of 678 (T1) and 536 (T2) Dutch secondary school teachers. Structural equation models showed the consecutive positive longitudinal relationships between teachers’ experience of job resources, basic psychological need satisfaction, autonomous motivation, and commitment to professional learning. Job demands were not related to basic need satisfaction over and above the effects of job resources. Implications for how self-determination theory and the job demands resources model can mutually inform each other are discussed. In addition, implications for stimulating teachers’ professional learning in practice are provided.
Comparison of Multiagent Learning Algorithms in Ad Hoc Teams

Multiagent Learning (MAL) is the algorithmic study of learning in a group of two or more agents. If the agents are based on different algorithms, and if there is no form of prior coordination between the agents, then this is called an ad hoc team problem [48]. Following a literature review [2] and a research proposal [1], the work at hand compares the performance of five MAL algorithms in ad hoc teams. These include the Joint Action Learner [12], the Conditional Joint Action Learner [3], Win or Learn Fast with Policy Hill Climbing [6], Modified Regret-Matching [21], and the Nash Q-Learner [24]. The algorithms are evaluated in a range of strategic games, including no-conflict games in which the players agree on what is most preferred, and conflict games in which the players disagree on what is most preferred [40]. In addition, we use an evaluation procedure proposed by Stone et al. [48]. Our performance criteria include the convergence rate, the final expected payoff, social welfare and fairness, and the rates of different solution types. From the results we conclude that (a) all algorithms perform well in some sense (i.e., there is no clear winner), and (b) the performance of an algorithm ultimately depends on the solution concept that is considered most appropriate for the ad hoc team problem at hand.
An approach of attribute selection for reducing false alarms

Defect Prediction is one of the method in SQA (Software Quality Assurance) that attracts developers because it can reduce the testing efforts as well as development time. One problem in defect prediction is `curse of dimensionality', as hundreds of attributes are there in a dataset in software repository. In this paper we try to analyze whether there is any way to remove more attributes after attribute selection and the effect of this reduction of attributes on performance of defect prediction. We found that False positive rate (False Alarms) is reduced by using our method of attribute selection, which in turn can be used to reduce the resource allocation for detecting defective modules.
The Neuroscience of Creativity

What happens in our brains when we compose a melody, write a poem, paint a picture, or choreograph a dance sequence? How is this different from what occurs in the brain when we generate a new theory or a scientific hypothesis? In this book, Anna Abraham reveals how the tools of neuroscience can be employed to uncover the answers to these and other vital questions. She explores the intricate workings of our creative minds to explain what happens in our brains when we operate in a creative mode versus an uncreative mode. The vast and complex field that is the neuroscience of creativity is disentangled and described in an accessible manner, balancing what is known so far with critical issues that are as yet unresolved. Clear guidelines are also provided for researchers who pursue the big questions in their bid to discover the creative mind.
Short-Term Effect of Ambient Temperature and the Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Purpose: The relationship between stroke and short-term temperature changes remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between stroke and both high and low temperatures, and health assessment. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data up to 14 September 2014. Study selection, quality assessment, and author-contractions were steps before data extraction. We converted all estimates effects into relative risk (RR) per 1 °C increase/decrease in temperature from 75th to 99th or 25th to 1st percentiles, then conducted meta-analyses to combine the ultimate RRs, and assessed health impact among the population. Results: 20 articles were included in the final analysis. The overall analysis showed a positive relationship between 1 °C change and the occurrence of major adverse cerebrovascular events (MACBE), 1.1% (95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.6 to 1.7) and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.6) increase for hot and cold effects separately. The same trends can be found in both effects of mortality and the cold effect for morbidity. Hot temperature acted as a protective factor of hemorrhage stroke (HS), −1.9% (95% CI, −2.8 to −0.9), however, it acted as a risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS), 1.2% (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.8). Conclusion: Short-term changes of both low and high temperature had statistically significant impacts on MACBE.
Impacts of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) on neuronal survival

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) a serine protease is constituted of five functional domains through which it interacts with different substrates, binding proteins, and receptors. In the last years, great interest has been given to the clinical relevance of targeting tPA in different diseases of the central nervous system, in particular stroke. Among its reported functions in the central nervous system, tPA displays both neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects. How can the protease mediate such opposite functions remain unclear but several hypotheses have been proposed. These include an influence of the degree of maturity and/or the type of neurons, of the level of tPA, of its origin (endogenous or exogenous) or of its form (single chain tPA versus two chain tPA). In this review, we will provide a synthetic snapshot of our current knowledge regarding the natural history of tPA and discuss how it sustains its pleiotropic functions with focus on excitotoxic/ischemic neuronal death and neuronal survival.
A Blueprint for Real-Time Functional Mapping via Human Intracranial Recordings

Background The surgical treatment of patients with intractable epilepsy is preceded by a pre-surgical evaluation period during which intracranial EEG recordings are performed to identify the epileptogenic network and provide a functional map of eloquent cerebral areas that need to be spared to minimize the risk of post-operative deficits. A growing body of research based on such invasive recordings indicates that cortical oscillations at various frequencies, especially in the gamma range (40 to 150 Hz), can provide efficient markers of task-related neural network activity. Principal Findings Here we introduce a novel real-time investigation framework for mapping human brain functions based on online visualization of the spectral power of the ongoing intracranial activity. The results obtained with the first two implanted epilepsy patients who used the proposed online system illustrate its feasibility and utility both for clinical applications, as a complementary tool to electrical stimulation for presurgical mapping purposes, and for basic research, as an exploratory tool used to detect correlations between behavior and oscillatory power modulations. Furthermore, our findings suggest a putative role for high gamma oscillations in higher-order auditory processing involved in speech and music perception. Conclusion/Significance The proposed real-time setup is a promising tool for presurgical mapping, the investigation of functional brain dynamics, and possibly for neurofeedback training and brain computer interfaces.
Precise 3-D localization by automatic laser theodolite and odometer for civil-engineering machines

This paper presents a navigation system providing precise 3D position and spatial attitude data for slow outdoor vehicles. Our system uses an odometer and an automatic laser theodolite, the data of which are fused using a Kalman filter. We show through different experiments carried out with the evaluation station SESSYL that the high accuracies required for some civil-engineering tasks are fully satisfied, provided the beacons are properly positioned.
A Review of Methods for Removal of Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oil

Management and disposing of used lubricating oil (ULO) poses deleterious effects to air, land and water pollution. These contaminants not only causes environmental problems, they also have bio-accumulation effects on living organisms, reduces the inhabitants lifespan as a result of the diseases spread, poisoning and fouling of catalyst as well as corrode processing equipment. The contaminants removal in used lubricating oil is a major step to avoid pollution as discussed thoroughly by many researchers in literature. In addition, to curbing pollution, another advantage is converting waste to wealth. This review paper presents insight into various methods for removal of contaminants in used lubricating oil. The advantages and drawbacks of each method were earmarked for further study.
On the Uplink SIR Distributions in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

In this paper, the uplink (UL) signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) distributions in a two-tier heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) are analyzed by considering the power control effect and approximating the UL interferer locations as a non-uniform Poisson point process (PPP). Approximated closed-form SIR distributions are provided according to the tier, association rule, power control strategy for each tier, and resource partition (common or dedicated) and are shown to be quite close to the true distributions in a wide range of network parameters.
Study on the Influence of Benchmark on the Design of Fund Incentive Contract Based on the Effort and Risk Choice of Manager

In this paper the ability of effort and risk choice of fund manager are considered simultaneously and both are related together by model settings. Under the case of observable effort and unobservable effort respectively, the influence of benchmark on the parameters selection of incentive contract is studied. The research discovers that under the case of observable effort of manager the benchmark has not any effect on the parameters of contract, but the contract based on benchmark can help investors to screen the ability of manager. Under the case of unobservable effort of manager, benchmark introduced into contract has the incentive effect. The paper indicates when the risk of benchmark increase, owing to the risk aversion the manager demands to enhance the sharing proportion of absolute return of fund and reduce the sharing proportion of relative return to benchmark, through which the risk-taking by manager decrease. The research proves that under the condition of asymmetric information benchmark introduced into contract also can help investors to understand the manager.
Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea – An integrated thematic assessment on biodiversity and nature conservation in the Baltic Sea.

Plan (BSAP), with the target of achieving good ecological status in the Baltic Sea. The biodiversity segment of the Action Plan aims to reach a favourable conservation status of Baltic biodiversity by 2021. This complements other segments of the BSAP aimed at combating eutrophication and decreasing inputs of hazardous substances. To be able to follow the environmental status of the Baltic Sea in response to actions taken by the HELCOM Contracting Parties, there is a need for regular evaluation of the status of biodiversity and its conservation. This requires the development of a harmonized approach to assessing conservation status, as identifi ed in the BSAP. This Executive Summary presents an overview of the fi rst integrated thematic assessment on biodiversity and nature conservation in the Baltic Sea, covering an assessment of the status of biodiversity and human pressures impacting it, as well as recommendations on how to reach the targets of the Action Plan. The full assessment report (HELCOM 2009a) contains the detailed assessment results and information on the methodology used for the assessment, as well as the citations to the scien-tifi c literature that has been used. Information included in this publication or extracts thereof are free for citing on the condition that the complete reference of the publication is given as stated above.