Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long‐term potentiation in freely moving rats reveals asymmetries in thalamic and cortical inputs to the lateral amygdala

Long‐term memory underlying Pavlovian fear conditioning is believed to involve plasticity at sensory input synapses in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). A useful physiological model for studying synaptic plasticity is long‐term potentiation (LTP). LTP in the LA has been studied only in vitro or in anaesthetized rats. Here, we tested whether LTP can be induced in auditory input pathways to the LA in awake rats, and if so, whether it persists over days. In chronically implanted rats, extracellular field potentials evoked in the LA by stimulation of the auditory thalamus and the auditory association cortex, using test simulations and input/output (I/O) curves, were compared in the same animals after tetanization of either pathway alone or after combined tetanization. For both pathways, LTP was input‐specific and long lasting. LTP at cortical inputs exhibited the largest change at early time points (24 h) but faded within 3 days. In contrast, LTP at thalamic inputs, though smaller initially than cortical LTP, remained stable until at least 6 days. Comparisons of I/O curves indicated that the two pathways may rely on different mechanisms for the maintenance of LTP and may benefit differently from their coactivation. This is the first report of LTP at sensory inputs to the LA in awake animals. The results reveal important characteristics of synaptic plasticity in neuronal circuits of fear memory that could not have been revealed with in vitro preparations, and suggest a differential role of thalamic and cortical auditory afferents in long‐term memory of fear conditioning.
Paraprofessional Perspectives on Promoting Self-Determination among Elementary and Secondary Students with Severe Disabilities

Although paraprofessionals play a prominent role in the education of students with severe disabilities, little is known about the roles these school staff play in fostering self-determination. In this descriptive study, researchers examined the extent to which 347 paraprofessionals employed at 135 randomly selected schools (a) considered each of seven self-determination skills to be important instructional areas for the students with whom they work and (b) reported providing instruction to students in each of these skill areas. Although paraprofessionals generally attached high importance to these elements of self-determination, the extent to which they provided instruction was somewhat variable. Moreover, ratings of some self-determination elements differed based on the school level (i.e., elementary vs. secondary school) and educational setting (e.g., special vs. general education classroom) in which paraprofessionals provided support. Although paraprofessionals reported some familiarity with the overarching construct of self-determination, they infrequently received training on this domain. Recommendations for research and practice aimed at equipping paraprofessionals to support self-determination are provided.
Absorption and Excretion of Five Tetracycline Analogues in Normal Young Men

The absorption and excretion of five tetracycline analogues; namely, tetracycline (TC), demethylchlortetracycline (DMCT), methacycline (MOTC), doxycycline (DOXY) and minocycline (MINO), were studied in normal young men given single oral doses after an overnight fast. DOXY and MINO in 300 mg doses produced moderate to severe gastrointestinal symptoms; in 150 mg doses, the former produced some nausea in most subjects but MINO was generally well tolerated. In the smaller amounts, MINO yielded higher levels of antibacterial action in the serum than either DMCT, MOTC or DOXY and these levels were better sustained than those of DMCT or MOTC. The proportion of administered MINO recovered in the urine was much smaller than that of the other four analogues. These findings, coupled with the greater in vitro activity of MINO against a majority of common bacterial pathogens, including “resistant” staphylococci suggest that MINO is worthy of a clinical trial to determine its relative effectiveness, optimum dosage and potential toxicity as compared with other available analogues.
Interactive Andragogy

Abstract The subject of the paper is andragogy. In social work education (as in all education), complex issues emerge regarding the nature of learning and teaching. One pervasive and persisting issue is the relation between subject matter, i.e., what is to be taught, and teaching methodology, i.e., how it is to be taught. The paper discusses and illustrates interactive teaching principles, methods, and skills such as creating a climate and providing structure for collaborative learning, dealing with obstacles to collaborative learning, and helping students to experience, operationalize, and build abstractions.
Korean Bible Women’s Success: Using the Anbang Network and the Religious Authority of the Mudang

Korean Bible Women were successful in their work of evangelization because they utilized the women’s anbang network and borrowed the authority of other female religious figures in the anbang, specifically that of the mudang (female shaman). Bible Women shared their new package of western Protestant ideas with Korean women by entering into the women’s quarters, borrowing the accepted female mudang’s religious authority in that sphere, and coherently merging traditional women’s practices and perspectives with modern Protestant views regarding women and their roles in society. In this respect, the work of Korean Bible Women was thoroughly Korean and thus effective despite the conservative Confucian milieu that circumscribed female activity. This paper illuminates the culturally authentic work of Bible Women in Korea by presenting an overview of the Bible Woman system, by examining the importance of the anbang in women’s daily lives, by discussing the exorcisms by Bible Women that occurred therein, and by analyzing the functional similarities between female mudang and Korean Bible Women. In fact, the presence of the Bible Woman, as a female religious leader meeting needs previously met by mudang, was easy enough to assimilate for many Korean women because of the presence of female mudang in the women’s anbang for centuries. In some regards, the similar functions between mudang and Bible Women may have made Bible Women’s Christian work seem more Korean and less western.
READING THROUGH THE LINES: AN EXPLORATION OF DRAMA AS A RESPONSE TO LITERATURE

After the Anglo‐American Seminar on the Teaching of English at Dartmouth College in 1966, the American representatives at the conference emphatically supported a resolution to adopt the British practice of allowing drama a greater role in the language arts curriculum, citing its potential for promoting human growth. Yet whereas other aspects of language arts instruction, such as writing and response to literature, have strengthened their roles in the curriculum through their increased emphasis on personal development as an instructional goal, drama has remained on the periphery of language arts instruction and English education scholarship. Current theories of semiotics suggest that in using nonwritten text media, learners engage in important communicative, developmental, and reflective processes. In an exploratory study, we used stimulated recall to elicit a retrospective account from 4 students of their dramatization of a short story. All of the students were enrolled in an alternative school for recove.
Hyperglycaemia as a factor affecting κ‐opiate agonist‐induced inhibition of the gastrointestinal transit in mice

Abstract— The effects of highly selective κ‐opiate agonists were assessed on the gastrointestinal motility in normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions in mice. Chronic hyperglycaemia was induced by streptozocin injection (200 mg kg−1 i.p.), 7–8 days before the experiment. Acute hyperglycaemia was induced by glucose injection (5 g kg−1 i.p.) at the time of opiate administration. The κ‐opiate agonists, U‐50488H and U‐69593 (1, 3 and 10 mg kg−1) were injected (i.p.) just before the charcoal meal. The animals were killed 45 min later and the distance travelled by the test meal was measured. In the normoglycaemic mice, both κ‐agonists significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the meal transit and this effect was significantly (P<0.05) augmented in acute hyperglycaemic animals. However, in chronic hyperglycaemic animals U‐50488H failed to inhibit the charcoal meal transit, while U‐69593 produced anti‐transit effect comparable to that observed in normoglycaemic mice. These results demonstrate that κ‐opiate agonists produce anti‐transit effects in mice and that these effects are enhanced during acute hyperglycaemia. The disparity of anti‐transit effects of κ‐opiate agonists in acute vs chronic hyperglycaemia supports the hypothesis that elevated glucose levels are not the primary mechanism for the altered response to opiates observed in the experimental models of diabetes.
A Compositional Analysis of the Organizational Climate-Performance Relation: Public Schools as Organizations

The present study examined specific aspects of organizational climate related to job satisfaction, employee turnover, and organizational performance in public elementary schools. Survey data were obtained from school staff and students and from school district archives. Hypotheses tested included: (1) Employee perceptions of organizational climate and job satisfaction, when aggregated to an organizational level, would represent group-level constructs; (2) Employee perceptions of positive organizational climate would be associated with higher levels of job satisfaction and organizational performance and with lower levels of employee turnover; (3) Relations of organizational climate to organizational performance and to employee turnover would be mediated by employee job satisfaction; and (4) Employee perceptions of positive organizational climate and job satisfaction would be associated with less achievement disparity between minority and non-minority students. Study results supported all but one hypothesis. There was no evidence for the mediating effects of job satisfaction on relations of organizational climate to organizational performance and to employee turnover. Results were consistent with the broader organizational literature, which has shown the importance of orderly work environments, collegial relations, and supportive leaders for effectively functioning groups and organizations.
Reasoning about Outcome Probabilities and Values in Preference Reversals

Research on preference reversals has demonstrated a disproportionate influence of outcome probability on choices between monetary gambles. The aim was to investigate the hypothesis that this is a prominence effect originally demonstrated for riskless choice. Another aim was to test the structure compatibility hypothesis as an explanation of the effect. The hypothesis implies that probability should be the prominent attribute when compared with value attributes both in a choice and a preference–rating procedure. In Experiment 1, two groups of undergraduates were presented with medical treatments described by two value attributes (effectiveness and pain-relief). All participants performed both a matching task and made preference ratings. In the latter task, outcome probabilities were added to the descriptions of the medical treatments for one of the groups. In line with the hypothesis, this reduced the prominence effect on the preference ratings observed for effectiveness. In Experiment 2, a matching task was used to demonstrate that probability was considered more important by a group of participating undergraduates than the value attributes. Furthermore, in both choices and preference ratings the expected prominence effect was found for probability.
Coverage by pairwise base station cooperation under adaptive geometric policies

We study a cooperation model where the positions of base stations follow a Poisson point process distribution and where Voronoi cells define the planar areas associated with them. For the service of each user, either one or two base stations are involved. If two, these cooperate by exchange of user data and reduced channel information (channel phase, second neighbour interference) with conferencing over some backhaul link. The total user transmission power is split between them and a common message is encoded, which is coherently transmitted by the stations. The decision for a user to choose service with or without cooperation is directed by a family of geometric policies. The suggested policies further control the shape of coverage contours in favor of cell-edge areas. Analytic expressions based on stochastic geometry are derived for the coverage probability in the network. Their numerical evaluation shows benefits from cooperation, which are enhanced when Dirty Paper Coding is applied to eliminate the second neighbour interference.
Section 504, the ADA, and Public Schools

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are civil rights acts that are beginning to have a major impact on public schools. Schools have recently begun to pay a great deal of attention to these two acts because more and more parents are beginning to request services for children who are not eligible for services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Because these two pieces of legislation are civil rights acts, their application is mandatory for schools. Schools must ensure that students who are protected have equal access to a free, appropriate education and extracurricular activities. This article provides an overview of the requirements of Section 504 and the ADA, and it describes actions that schools can take to ensure compliance.
'Competence' and Its Assessment in a Professional Training Situation

Inkeles (1966: 265) has pointed out that the concepts of ’socialisation’ and ’competence’ are intimately linked in the sense that the objective of socialisation is generally to produce competent social actors. Much of the literature linking the two concepts (cf. Inkeles, 1966; Smith, 1965, 1967, 1968) has been considerably influenced by the work of White (1959, 1960) and is mainly concerned with exploring the ’effectiveness’ dimension of the relationship between self and society. Competence, according to Smith (1968: 276) involves effective role performance for self as
Cytoskeletal targets for oncogenic tyrosine kinases.

The past decade has seen intense investigation into the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in cell growth and tumorigenesis (Cooper and Hunter, 1983). Whilst it is now well established that receptor occupancy by a number of growth factors is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation, the signal transduction pathways and the mechanism by which oncogenic tyrosine kinases induce cell growth and neoplastic changes remain elusive (Jove and Hanafusa, 1987; Yarden and Ullrich, 1988). The acutely transforming avian sarcoma viruses have been invaluable tools for examining the molecular basis underlying the changes in cell morphology and growth regulation that occur during neoplasia. The srv gene product of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is probably the best-characterised oncogenic tyrosine kinase, and we shall review the evidence showing that components of the cytoskeleton are functional targets for this enzyme.
Influence and interaction of genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin system and life stress on antidepressant drug response

Variation in genes implicated in serotonin neurotransmission may interact with environmental factors to influence antidepressant response. We aimed to determine how a range of polymorphisms in serotonergic genes determine this response to treatment and how they interact with childhood trauma and recent life stress in a Chinese sample. In total, 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions of 10 serotonergic genes (HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR3A, HTR3C, HTR3D, HTR3E, HTR5A and TPH2) were genotyped in 308 Chinese Han patients with major depressive disorder. Response to 6 weeks’ antidepressant treatment was determined by change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) score, and previous stressful events were evaluated by the Life Events Scale (LES) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Two 5-HT1B receptor SNPs (rs6296 and rs6298) and one tryptophan hydroxylase2 (rs7305115) SNP were significantly associated with antidepressant response in this Chinese sample, as was a haplotype in TPH2 (rs7305115 and rs4290270). A gene–gene interaction on antidepressant response was found between SNPs in HTR1B, HTR3A and HTR5A in female subjects. The HTR1B SNPs demonstrated interaction with recent stress, while that for TPH2 interacted with childhood trauma to influence antidepressant response.
Software engineering for security: a roadmap

Is there such a thing anymore as a software system that doesn’t need to be secure? Almost every softwarecontrolled system faces threats from potential adversaries, from Internet-aware client applications running on PCs, to complex telecommunications and power systems accessible over the Internet, to commodity software with copy protection mechanisms. Software engineers must be cognizant of these threats and engineer systems with credible defenses, while still delivering value to customers. In this paper, we present our perspectives on the research issues that arise in the interactions between software engineering and security.
Worldwide genetic variation of the IGHV and TRBV immune receptor gene families in humans

This article presents a comprehensive study of the IGHV and TRBV gene families in a globally diverse sample of humans and shows that the two gene families exhibit starkly different patterns of variation. The immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) and T cell beta variable (TRBV) loci are among the most complex and variable regions in the human genome. Generated through a process of gene duplication/deletion and diversification, these loci can vary extensively between individuals in copy number and contain genes that are highly similar, making their analysis technically challenging. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the functional gene segments in the IGHV and TRBV loci, quantifying their copy number and single-nucleotide variation in a globally diverse sample of 109 (IGHV) and 286 (TRBV) humans from over a 100 populations. We find that the IGHV and TRBV gene families exhibit starkly different patterns of variation. In addition to providing insight into the different evolutionary paths of the IGHV and TRBV loci, our results are also important to the adaptive immune repertoire sequencing community, where the lack of frequencies of common alleles and copy number variants is hampering existing analytical pipelines.
It Says in the JER…

SCHOOLS was conducted by McMillen. Achievement in year-round schools was found to be no higher than in traditional schools; however, year-round calendars may be especially beneficial for lower achieving students. Consideration of potential cost savings and stakeholder preferences, which vary from location to location, may provide a basis for decisions concerning whether to keep or to adopt year-round calendars.
Can Career-Minded Young Women Reverse Gender Discrimination? A View from Bangalore’s High-Tech Sector

Abstract Women’s status in India is mixed, with many positive and negative indicators. The devaluation of daughters leads parents to resort to sex-selective abortions and infanticide— practices currently spreading to previously unaffected areas. In relation to this negative picture, interviews with women employed in the Information Technology (IT) sector in Bangalore suggest its opposite: a partial reversal of daughter devaluation is currently emerging in the families of young women in India’s high-tech sector. Studies on employment in the IT sector in India have not adequately considered important long-term, intergenerational impacts of this new development on the whole culture of daughter devaluation. This article strives to fill this gap by illustrating that when young women find opportunities to improve their financial autonomy, mobility and social acceptance in a male-dominated society, there are far-reaching implications for social demographic change, and also for gender equality, through the evolution of the two-income family model departing from the concept of the male breadwinner. This change may have wider social repercussions, upgrading the image of daughters in the minds of their parents, creating a different family model with important demographic implications and outcomes. All these feed into a current debate about the role of labor force participation in women’s empowerment.
GIS-based assessment of cancer risk due to benzene in Tehran ambient air

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to assess the risk of cancer due to benzene in the ambient air of gas stations and traffic zones in the north of Tehran. The cancer risk was estimated using the population distribution data for benzene levels and the unit risk for benzene proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Material and MethodsSixteen sampling locations were monitored, once every week, during 5 April 2010 to 25 March 2011.ResultsThe results showed that the mean annual benzene concentration was 14.51±3.17 parts per billion (ppb) for traffic zones and 29.01±1.32 ppb for outside gas stations. The risk calculated was 1026×10−6 for gas station 27 and 955×10−6 for gas station 139.ConclusionsAccording to our results, the annual benzene level in Tehran ambient air is 2 to 20 times higher than the respective value specified in International Standard (1.56 ppb). Moreover, the results showed a notable increase of cancer risks, ranging from 10% to 56%, for the vicinity population close to the gas stations in comparison to the vicinity population in the traffic zones.
Projection in the Epistemic Situation Calculus with Belief Conditionals

A fundamental task in reasoning about action and change is projection, which refers to determining what holds after a number of actions have occurred. A powerful method for solving the projection problem is regression, which reduces reasoning about the future to reasoning about the initial state. In particular, regression has played an important role in the situation calculus and its epistemic extensions. Recently, a modal variant of the situation calculus was proposed, which allows an agent to revise its beliefs based on so-called belief conditionals as part of its knowledge base. In this paper, we show how regression can be extended to reduce beliefs about the future to initial beliefs in the presence of belief conditionals. Moreover, we show how any remaining belief operators can be eliminated as well, thus reducing the belief projection problem to ordinary first-order entailments.
The effect of resource competition on Blacks’ and Asians’ social distance using a virtual world methodology

Studies of intergroup social distance have focused primarily on relations between dominant and minority groups, rather than between minority groups. In this study, various dimensions of resource competition relevant to group threat theory were contrasted. Black (n = 39), Asian (n = 53), and White (n = 118) participants developed self-resembling avatars and interacted in a virtual world in which various types of resource competition contexts were simulated. Avatars’ movements were tracked and dynamic social distances between each participant dyad and between each participant and each racial group as a whole (Black, Asian, and White) were computed. Growth curve analyses indicated that in the absence of resource competition, social distance between individuals and groups diminished over time. In contrast, resource competition tended to increase social distance between individuals and groups over time. In particular, merit-based resource competition increased Black participants’ social distance to Asians relative to White participants’ social distance to Asians. Findings are discussed in relation to the context of historical dissention between Blacks and Asians, and implications for the promotion of positive race relations.