Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How well adapted are accounting students for Bologna? A comparative analysis of learning styles of Spanish social sciences students

Background - University education in Spain is facing a major change in order to converge with the rest of Europe. Among the challenges the new pedagogy is based upon three principles: (I) increased autonomy and involvement of students in their own learning process, (II) active teaching methods and (III) role of the teaching staff as a manager of stimulating learning environments. This new pedagogy added to the development of certain soft skills, demands from students certain personal characteristics. Aims - The present paper compares the learning styles of Spanish university accounting students with colleagues in other social sciences degrees as well as the influence of several personal factors. Instrument and Sample - The instrument used is the Grasha-Reichmann Student Learning Style Scale, and the sample is composed by 619 students enrolled in different degrees at the University of Huelva. Results - Results indicate that accounting students present differences in learning styles in comparison with other social sciences students. Other differences were found associated with gender and age.
Diet and Colorectal Cancer Mortality: Results From the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Abstract: The relationship between diet and colorectal cancer mortality was analyzed in a prospective study of 45,181 men and 62,643 women aged 40-79 yr enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Between 1988 and 1990, subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on their sociodemographic characteristics, diet, and other lifestyle habits. During the follow-up period (average 9.9 yr), 284 colon cancer deaths (138 men and 146 women) and 173 rectal cancer deaths (116 men and 57 women) were confirmed. The only significant association of colorectal cancer mortality with vegetable intake was observed between male rectal cancer mortality and green leafy vegetable consumption [hazard ratio (HR) using Cox proportional hazard models = 0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.3-0.9; P for trend = 0.02]. Yogurt intake was also inversely associated with male rectal cancer mortality (HR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2-1.0; P for trend = 0.04). Egg consumption was positively associated with male colon cancer mortality (P for trend = 0.04). Women with high fruit consumption had increased colon cancer mortality (HR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0-2.6; P for trend = 0.04). It should be noted that this study lacked statistical power due to small sample size and measurement error in the food-frequency questionnaire. Further investigation is therefore necessary to confirm the association between diet and colorectal cancer, especially by subsites and gender.
Greater basal skeletal muscle AMPKα phosphorylation in men than in women: Associations with anaerobic performance

Abstract Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the association of gender, fibre type composition, and anaerobic performance with the basal skeletal muscle signalling cascades regulating muscle phenotype. Design: Muscle biopsies were obtained from 25 men and 10 women all young and healthy. Methods. Protein phosphorylation of Thr172AMPKα, Ser221ACCβ, Thr286CaMKII as well as total protein abundance of PGC-1α, SIRT1, and CnA were measured by Western blot and anaerobic performance by the Wingate test. Results: Percent type I myosin heavy chain (MHC I) was lower in men (37.1 ± 10.4 vs. 58.5 ± 12.5, P < .01). Total, free testosterone and free androgen index were higher in men (11.5, 36.6 and 40.6 fold, respectively, P < .01). AMPKα phosphorylation was 2.2-fold higher in men compared to women (P < .01). Total Ser221ACCβ and Thr286CaMKII fractional phosphorylation tended to be higher in men (P = .1). PGC1-α and SIRT1 total protein expression was similar in men and women, whereas CnA tended to be higher in men (P = .1). Basal AMPKα phosphorylation was linearly related to the percentage of MHC I in men (r = 0.56; P < .01), but not in women. No association was observed between anaerobic performance and basal phosphorylations in men and women, analysed separately. Conclusion: In summary, skeletal muscle basal AMPKα phosphorylation is higher in men compared to women, with no apparent effect on anaerobic performance.
Insulin receptor isoform A ameliorates long-term glucose intolerance in diabetic mice

ABSTRACT Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease and its pathogenesis involves abnormalities in both peripheral insulin action and insulin secretion. Previous in vitro data showed that insulin receptor isoform A, but not B, favours basal glucose uptake through its specific association with endogenous GLUT1/2 in murine hepatocytes and beta cells. With this background, we hypothesized that hepatic expression of insulin receptor isoform A in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes could potentially increase the glucose uptake of these cells, decreasing the hyperglycaemia and therefore ameliorating the diabetic phenotype. To assure this hypothesis, we have developed recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors expressing insulin receptor isoform A (IRA) or isoform B (IRB) under the control of a hepatocyte-specific promoter. Our results demonstrate that in the long term, hepatic expression of IRA in diabetic mice is more efficient than IRB in ameliorating glucose intolerance. Consequently, it impairs the induction of compensatory mechanisms through beta cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy that finally lead to beta cell failure, reverting the diabetic phenotype in about 8 weeks. Our data suggest that long-term hepatic expression of IRA could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Summary: The specific hepatic expression of insulin receptor isoform A, but not isoform B, is able to revert, in the long term, the global glucose intolerance observed in diabetic mice.
Time and Social Theory

The paper first discusses fundamental issues raised for social theory by the concept of `social time' and investigates how the concept is delineated from other discipline-embedded ones. The second section reviews the concept of social time in the work of major social theorists, notably Mead, Elias, Giddens and Luhmann. The link or lack thereof to human agency is considered crucial. The third section examines briefly the numerous empirical contributions to the study of time that cover a wide variety of subfields of social research. Finally the present potential for `time studies' in the social sciences is assessed.
Staying with the text: the contribution of gender, achievement orientations, and interest to students’ performance on a literacy task

This study addresses concerns about boys’ underperformance on literacy tasks compared to girls, by investigating male and females students’ responses to narrative texts. Participants were 142 Grade 9 and 10 students. Achievement orientations, including goals, self‐efficacy, and self‐handicapping, were measured and approach and avoidance factors identified. Boys scored higher than girls on the avoidance factor. The task presented to participants involved reading sections from two narrative texts representing typically male or typically female reading interests. Interest ratings for the narrative text topics and interest levels while reading the texts were monitored, and students’ answers to multiple‐choice questions on text content recorded. Regression analyses confirmed that the influence of gender, achievement orientation, and on‐task text interest on reading performance varied with different patterns of task interest. The findings suggest that students’ achievement orientations and task interests are both important for understanding gender differences in students’ response to narrative texts.
Eighteenth-century Korean marriage customs: the Tansoˇng census registers

In this article the ages at marriage and remarriage of Tansoˇng men and women are examined through an analysis of census registers (hojoˇk) from between 1678 and 1789. It was discovered that the average age of Tansoˇng women at first marriage was 17.5, and that most women married between the ages of 15 and 20, much earlier than women in Europe in this period and slightly earlier than those in Japan, but at similar ages to Chinese women. Husbands were on average around 18 when they married. Roughly half of widowers remarried, with remarriage more likely for those of lower and middle status than for upper-status widowers. Many middle- and low-status widowers had probably also married widows despite the fact that there was a legal prohibition on the remarriage of widows.
Discovery of significant rules for classifying cancer diagnosis data

METHODS AND RESULTS We introduce a new method to discover many diversified and significant rules from high dimensional profiling data. We also propose to aggregate the discriminating power of these rules for reliable predictions. The discovered rules are found to contain low-ranked features; these features are found to be sometimes necessary for classifiers to achieve perfect accuracy. The use of low-ranked but essential features in our method is in contrast to the prevailing use of an ad-hoc number of only top-ranked features. On a wide range of data sets, our method displayed highly competitive accuracy compared to the best performance of other kinds of classification models. In addition to accuracy, our method also provides comprehensible rules to help elucidate the translation between raw data and useful knowledge.
The Social Context of School Success for Latino Middle School Students

Youth's social relationships at school and at home have been shown to predict a wide variety of school outcomes, such as behavior at school and academic performance. Specifically, relationships with teachers, parents, and peers have all been shown to affect student performance. The current study utilized data collected from 848 Latino middle school students to examine direct and indirect linkages of students' relationships with teachers, parents, and friends with student outcomes. Structural equation models revealed that teacher support was associated with both student behavior and satisfaction with school and was indirectly associated with time spent on homework and grades. Parental support, friend support, friends' school behavior, and parental monitoring of educational issues were directly associated with student reports of teacher support and were indirectly linked to school behavior and satisfaction. Friend behavior at school also showed a significant direct association with student behavior, and parental education monitoring directly predicted student satisfaction with school. Directions for future research and implications for school policy and programming are discussed.
Contrasting Effects of IG20 and Its Splice Isoforms, MADD and DENN-SV, on Tumor Necrosis Factor α-induced Apoptosis and Activation of Caspase-8 and -3*

We identified a novel cDNA (IG20) that is homologous to cDNAs encoding a proteindifferentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells (DENN-SV) and human MADD (MAPK-activating deathdomain-containing protein). Furthermore, we show that the above variants most likely result from alternative splicing of a single gene. Functional analyses of these variants in permanently transfected HeLa cells revealed that IG20 and DENN-SV render them more susceptible or resistant to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis, respectively. All variants tested could interact with TNF receptor 1 and activate ERK and nuclear factor κB. However, relative to control cells, only cells expressing IG20 showed enhanced TNF-α-induced activation of caspase-8 and -3, whereas cells expressing DENN-SV showed either reduced or no caspase activation. Transfection of these cells with a cDNA encoding CrmA maximally inhibited apoptosis in HeLa-IG20 cells. Our results show that IG20 can promote TNF-α-induced apoptosis and activation of caspase-8 and -3 and suggest that it may play a novel role in the regulation of the pleiotropic effects of TNF-α through alternative splicing.
Impact of trauma history and coaching on malingering of posttraumatic stress disorder using the PAI, TSI, and M-FAST

Abstract Little is known about what impacts an individual's ability to feign symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this simulation design, the effects of traumatic exposure and coaching on the ability to feign PTSD symptoms were examined. The vulnerability of three different assessment instruments to malingered PTSD was analyzed. These instruments were the Personality Assessment Inventory, the Trauma Symptom Inventory, and the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test. Coaching with information on PTSD symptoms and strategies for avoiding detection on validity indices assisted simulators with presenting as if they were suffering from, but not exaggerating, posttraumatic stress symptoms. Participants who had experienced a trauma were no better able to feign PTSD than those without a history of experiencing trauma. A positive trauma history did not mediate the exaggerated clinical presentation commonly seen with PTSD simulation research. No interactions between coaching and trauma history were detected. Despite coaching effects, 97% of all respondents were correctly classified as malingering.
A Snowball's Chance in Hell: Doing Fieldwork with Active Residential Burglars

Criminologists long have recognized the importance of field studies of active offenders. Nevertheless, the vast majority of them have shied away from researching criminals “in the wild” in the belief that doing so is impractical. This article, based on the authors' fieldwork with 105 currently active residential burglars, challenges that assumption. Specifically, it describes how the authors went about finding these offenders and obtaining their cooperation. Further, it considers the difficulties involved in maintaining an on-going field relationship with those who lead chaotic lives. And lastly, the article outlines the characteristics of the sample, noting important ways in which it differs from one collected through criminal justice channels.
Rathke’s cleft cysts

Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign, sellar and/or suprasellar lesions originating from the remnants of Rathke’s pouch. Although a common finding in routine autopsies (12–33% of normal pituitary glands), symptomatic cases are rare and comprise 5–15% of all surgically resected sellar lesions. Small, asymptomatic RCC do not require surgical intervention, and their natural history is not clear. In series of nonoperated presumed RCCs, 26–94% did not progress during follow‐up periods up to 9 years. In symptomatic ones, surgery is indicated, aiming to drain the cyst content and safely remove as much of the capsule as possible. Following surgical intervention, headaches and visual field defects improve or resolve in a significant number of patients (40–100% and 33–100%, respectively) and partial hypopituitarism recovers in 14–50%. Data on relapse rates published in the last 15 years are based on variable follow‐up periods and show wide variation (between 0% and 33%). The lowest relapse rates have been described in reports with relatively short mean observation periods (<3 years), whereas in those with longer follow‐up the relapse rates increase. Most of the relapses occur within 5–6 years, suggesting that follow‐up is required for at least 5 years after surgery. Risk factors for relapse include the presence of squamous metaplasia in the cyst wall, cyst size and the presence of inflammation. Long‐term sufficiently powered studies aiming to clarify the natural history of asymptomatic RCCs and of those relapsing postoperatively are required.
Systematic Monitoring of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up: Adoption of Efficiency Elements in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe

Background SYMMACS, the Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-up, tracked the implementation and adoption of six elements of surgical efficiency— use of multiple surgical beds, pre-bundled kits, task shifting, task sharing, forceps-guided surgical method, and electrocautery—as standards of surgical efficiency in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Methods and Findings This multi-country study used two-staged sampling. The first stage sampled VMMC sites: 73 in 2011, 122 in 2012. The second stage involved sampling providers (358 in 2011, 591 in 2012) and VMMC procedures for observation (594 in 2011, 1034 in 2012). The number of VMMC sites increased significantly between 2011 and 2012; marked seasonal variation occurred in peak periods for VMMC. Countries adopted between three and five of the six elements; forceps-guided surgery was the only element adopted by all countries. Kenya and Tanzania routinely practiced task-shifting. South Africa and Zimbabwe used pre-bundled kits with disposable instruments and electrocautery. South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe routinely employed multiple surgical bays. Conclusions SYMMACS is the first study to provide data on the implementation of VMMC programs and adoption of elements of surgical efficiency. Findings have contributed to policy change on task-shifting in Zimbabwe, a review of the monitoring system for adverse events in South Africa, an increased use of commercially bundled VMMC kits in Tanzania, and policy dialogue on improving VMMC service delivery in Kenya. This article serves as an overview for five other articles following this supplement.
TCDD: An Environmental Immunotoxicant Reveals a Novel Pathway of Immunoregulation—A 30-Year Odyssey

I was honored to be the keynote speaker at the 30th Annual Society of Toxicologic Pathology Symposium “Toxicologic Pathology and the Immune System. ” I had the opportunity to reminisce about events in the 1970s that set the stage for the birth and subsequent growth of the field of immunotoxicology and to summarize my research career that has spanned the past 40 years as well. An initial focus on the immunotoxicity of pentachlorophenol led my laboratory into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) field and the study of its most potent ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). My research career has been devoted to trying to elucidate the immunological basis of TCDD’s profound immunosuppressive activity that is mediated by activation of AHR. In recent years, my laboratory has focused on the role of CD4+ T cells as targets of TCDD, and we were the first to describe the induction of AHR-dependent regulatory T cells (Tregs). The ability to induce Tregs using an exogenous AHR ligand to activate the AHR-Treg pathway represents a novel approach to the prevention and/or treatment of autoimmune disease. We are currently searching for such ligands.
EquiFACS: The Equine Facial Action Coding System

Although previous studies of horses have investigated their facial expressions in specific contexts, e.g. pain, until now there has been no methodology available that documents all the possible facial movements of the horse and provides a way to record all potential facial configurations. This is essential for an objective description of horse facial expressions across a range of contexts that reflect different emotional states. Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS) provide a systematic methodology of identifying and coding facial expressions on the basis of underlying facial musculature and muscle movement. FACS are anatomically based and document all possible facial movements rather than a configuration of movements associated with a particular situation. Consequently, FACS can be applied as a tool for a wide range of research questions. We developed FACS for the domestic horse (Equus caballus) through anatomical investigation of the underlying musculature and subsequent analysis of naturally occurring behaviour captured on high quality video. Discrete facial movements were identified and described in terms of the underlying muscle contractions, in correspondence with previous FACS systems. The reliability of others to be able to learn this system (EquiFACS) and consistently code behavioural sequences was high—and this included people with no previous experience of horses. A wide range of facial movements were identified, including many that are also seen in primates and other domestic animals (dogs and cats). EquiFACS provides a method that can now be used to document the facial movements associated with different social contexts and thus to address questions relevant to understanding social cognition and comparative psychology, as well as informing current veterinary and animal welfare practices.
Welfare-to-Work and the Responsiveness of Employment Providers to the Needs of Refugees

Abstract Improving the responsiveness of service providers to the needs of users has been a principal aim of welfare state reform. In the context of employment provision, this article explores the effects of a job outcome-oriented performance system on the responsiveness of providers to the needs of unemployed refugees. These effects concern, first, the type of refugees to whom providers are responsive and, second, the type of employment assistance provided. It is argued that an emphasis on short-term job outcomes may conflict with supporting refugees who are ‘harder to help’, particularly those with English language needs. It may also conflict with supporting refugees to access employment related to their skills and interests by encouraging providers to focus on placing refugees in ‘easy to access’, low-skilled and low-paid jobs. The effects may, therefore, serve to reproduce labour market inequalities experienced by refugees.
A quantitative analysis of Beethoven as self-critic: implications for psychological theories of musical creativity

How well can composers judge their own ideas and works? This question remains largely unanswered, in part because qualitative data sources like quotations and anecdotes have not been systematically examined. This archival case study of Ludwig van Beethoven remedies this by comprehensively analyzing his self-critical statements. Explicit self-criticisms of 70 compositions were found in Beethoven's letters or conversations, spanning his whole career and most musical forms. Beethoven's positive or negative assessments are reliably associated with three citation measures of aesthetic success, and the likelihood of correct decisions strongly increased with age. His comments comparing several similar masterpieces are likewise largely consistent with expert ratings and recording counts. Finally, the ranking of works by listener-hours (number of complete recordings multiplied by performance duration) correspond closely to Beethoven's intra-genre preferences. The results suggest considerable self-critical acumen on Beethoven's part. The results support an expertise view of musical creativity in which knowledge and experience are likely to enable both progressively greater creative accomplishments and sounder self-criticism.
Achieving SK capacity in the source model: When must all terminals talk?

In this paper, we address the problem of characterizing the instances of the multiterminal source model of Csiszár and Narayan in which communication from all terminals is needed for establishing a secret key of maximum rate. We give an information-theoretic sufficient condition for identifying such instances. We believe that our sufficient condition is in fact an exact characterization, but we are only able to prove this in the case of the three-terminal source model.