Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Animated Demonstrations for Learning Procedural Computer-Based Tasks

Animated demonstrations display the execution of interface procedures. They appear to be a natural and fast way for users to learn direct-manipulation interfaces by watching. To assess their effectiveness for users learning HyperCard™, we compared carefully matched animated demonstrations, procedural textual instructions, and demonstrations combined with spoken procedural text. During training, demonstration users were faster and more accurate than text-only users. Without the instructions, 7 days later, text-only users were faster and as accurate as demonstration users in recalling and performing identical and similar tasks without the instructions. Surprisingly, users of the combined demonstrations with spoken text closely mirrored the results of the demonstration-only users. The poor retention and transfer for the demonstration users appeared to be due to mimicry of the demonstrated procedures. Even with accompanying spoken text, the simplicity of using animated demonstrations may encourage superficial processing and disregard for the procedural text.
Bulk Topological Invariants in Noninteracting Point Group Symmetric Insulators

We survey various quantized bulk physical observables in two- and three-dimensional topological band insulators invariant under translational symmetry and crystallographic point group symmetries (PGS). In two-dimensional insulators, we show that (i) the Chern number of a Cn-invariant insulator can be determined, up to a multiple of n, by evaluating the eigenvalues of symmetry operators at high-symmetry points in the Brillouin zone; (ii) the Chern number of a Cn-invariant insulator is also determined, up to a multiple of n ,b y theCn eigenvalue of the Slater determinant of a noninteracting many-body system; and (iii) the Chern number vanishes in insulators with dihedral point groups Dn, and the quantized electric polarization is a topological invariant for these insulators. In three-dimensional insulators, we show that (i) only insulators with point groups Cn, Cnh ,a nd Sn PGS can have nonzero 3D quantum Hall coefficient and (ii) only insulators with improper rotation symmetries can have quantized magnetoelectric polarization P3 in the term P3E · B, the axion term in the electrodynamics of the insulator (medium).
Syntactic Tree Queries in Prolog

In this paper, we argue for and demonstrate the use of Prolog as a tool to query annotated corpora. We present a case study based on the German TuBa-D/Z Treebank to show that flexible and efficient corpus querying can be started with a minimal amount of effort. We end this paper with a brief discussion of performance, that suggests that the approach is both fast enough and scalable.
Timing Analysis of System Initialization and Crash Recovery for a Segment-Based Flash Translation Layer

Recently, the capacity of flash-memory storage systems has grown rapidly, and flash-memory technology has advanced along with the wave of consumer electronics and embedded systems. In order to properly manage product cost and initialization performance, vendors face serious challenges in system design and analysis. Thus, the timing analysis of system initialization and crash recovery for a segment-based flash translation layer has become an important research topic. This article focuses on system initialization, crash recovery, and timing analysis. The timing analysis of system initialization involves the relationship between the size of the main memory and the system initialization time. The timing analysis of crash recovery explains the worst case recovery time. The experiments in this study show that the timing analysis of system initialization and crash recovery can be applied to the segment-based flash translation layer.
Age- and Sex-Specific Criterion Validity of the Health Survey for England Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Assessment Questionnaire as Compared With Accelerometry

The criterion validity of the 2008 Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (PASBAQ) was examined in a nationally representative sample of 2,175 persons aged ≥16 years in England using accelerometry. Using accelerometer minutes/day greater than or equal to 200 counts as a criterion, Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) for PASBAQ-assessed total activity was 0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25, 0.35) in women and 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.26) in men. Correlations between accelerometer counts/minute of wear time and questionnaire-assessed relative energy expenditure (metabolic equivalent-minutes/day) were higher in women (ρ = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.46) than in men (ρ = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.38). Similar correlations were observed for minutes/day spent in vigorous activity (women: ρ = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.46; men: ρ = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.36) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (women: ρ = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.48; men: ρ = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.45). Correlations for time spent being sedentary (<100 counts/minute) were 0.30 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.35) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.30) in women and men, respectively. Sedentary behavior correlations showed no sex difference. The validity of sedentary behavior and total physical activity was higher in older age groups, but validity was higher in younger persons for vigorous-intensity activity. The PASBAQ is a useful and valid instrument for ranking individuals according to levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior.
Impurities in S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains: Consequences for neutron scattering and knight shift.

Nonmagnetic impurities in an S › 1y2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain are studied using boundary conformal field theory techniques and finite-temperature quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We calculate the static structure function, Simp sk d, measured in neutron scattering and the local susceptibility, xi measured in Knight shift experiments. Simp sk d becomes quite large near the antiferromagnetic wave vector, and exhibits much stronger temperature dependence than the bulk structure function. xi has a large component which alternates and increases as a function of distance from the impurity. PACS numbers: 75.10. Jm, 75.20. Hr Although the spin chain problem has been a popular topic for theoretical physicists since the early days of quantum mechanics, the correlation functions of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain could only be calculated with the help of modern quantum field theory [1]. Adding nonmagnetic impurities to a spinchain compound breaks the chains up into finite sections with essentially free boundary conditions. The correlation functions in the presence of such a boundary were calculated only recently [2]. These results provide a simple application of a general theory of conformally invariant boundary conditions which has been applied to a wide variety of quantum impurity problems in condensed matter and particle physics [3]. These functions exhibit a universal dependence on the boundary, at long distances and times. In this paper we wish to focus on a couple of applications to these results of experimental relevance: the impurity contribution to the static structure function, Simp sk , T d, and the local susceptibility, xisT d. We derive analytic expressions for these quantities using field theory methods and compare them with finite- T Monte Carlo simulations using lengths of up to l › 128 with a varying number of time steps up to 64 and several hundred thousand sweeps through each lattice. The Heisenberg Hamiltonian for the antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain
Clinical Significance of BIM Deletion Polymorphism in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation

Background: Germline alterations in the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2–like 11 (BIM) can have a crucial role in tumor response to treatment. To determine the clinical utility of detecting BIM deletion polymorphism in non–small-cell lung cancer positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, we examined outcomes of patients with and without BIM alterations. Methods: We studied 70 patients with EGFR mutation-positive non–small-cell lung cancer who were treated with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor between January 2008 and January 2013. BIM deletion was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in 58 samples of peripheral blood and 24 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded slides of surgical specimens (20 of lung tissue and four of brain tissue); both blood and tissue specimens were available for 12 patients. We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, response rate, toxicity, and outcomes among patients with and without BIM deletion. Results: BIM deletion was present in 13 of 70 patients (18.6%). There were no significant differences between patients with and without BIM deletion in clinical characteristics, rate of response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or incidence of adverse events. Patients with BIM deletion had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than those without BIM deletion (median, 227 versus 533 days; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that BIM deletion was an independent indicator of shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 3.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.864–8.547; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Polymerase chain reaction successfully detected BIM deletion in samples of peripheral blood and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded slides of surgical specimens. BIM deletion was the most important independent prognostic factor in shorter PFS.
KAM Torus Frequency Generation from Two-Line Element Sets

Abstract : The Kolmogorov Arnold and Moser (KAM) theorem states that a lightly perturbed Hamiltonian system will have solutions which lie on a torus. Earlier work by the second author has shown that most Earth satellite orbits perturbed by the geopotential lie on KAM tori. The problem then arises as to how to convert the current satellite tracking orbits to KAM tori. A KAM torus is characterized by three frequencies and three phase angles. The frequencies are essentially the rates of change of the mean anomaly, the longitude of the ascending node, and the argument of perigee. In this paper we explore the determination of these three rates from the fitting of SGP4 two line element sets (TLEs), and then constructing KAM tori with the specified frequencies. The success of this process, and an idea of the residual errors, can then be obtained by comparing the SGP4 predictions with the KAM torus predictions. Second order polynomials are fit to data from TLEs over 18 months using a least squares technique. The first order coefficients are used as the torus basis frequencies while the second order terms are used to account for perturbations to the satellite's orbit such as air drag. Four cases are attempted using the Hubble Space Telescope and three rocket bodies as test subjects. A KAM torus with the desired basis frequencies is constructed and used to predict satellite position. For the final test case, this shows an oscillatory error with an amplitude of less than 80 km over a period of almost two years. The authors speculate that this is caused by periodic lunar and solar perturbations, masked in the SGP4 fits by frequent updates.
Top Down Mass Spectrometry of <60-kDa Proteins from Methanosarcina acetivorans Using Quadrupole FTMS with Automated Octopole Collisionally Activated Dissociation*S

A fragmentation geometry based upon axial acceleration of m/z-selected protein ions into a linear octopole ion trap allowed simultaneous production and external accumulation of fragment ions prior to m/z measurement in a FT mass spectrometer. Improved dynamic range resulting from this octopole collisionally activated dissociation resulted in a 2.5× increase in experimental throughput and a 2× increase in fragment ion matches to gene products identified and characterized in the top down fashion. The acceleration voltage for optimal fragmentation has a m/z and mass dependence, knowledge of which facilitated an automated platform for top down MS/MS on a quadrupole FT hybrid mass spectrometer. Controlled by improved software for data acquisition (e.g. using dynamic exclusion of previously identified species), automated octopole collisionally activated dissociation of samples fractionated using chromatofocusing and reversed-phase liquid chromatography achieved a significant increase in protein identification rate versus previous benchmarks. Also a batch analysis version of ProSight PTM facilitated probability-based identification of intact proteins obtained in a higher throughput fashion. In total, 101 unique proteins (5–59 kDa) were identified from whole cell lysates of Methanosarcina acetivorans grown anaerobically, including the characterization of several mispredicted start sites and biologically relevant mass discrepancies.
Production of biodegradable starch nanocomposites using cellulose nanocrystals extracted from coconut fibers

Different polymeric matrices have been investigated for use in the development of biodegradable films. The incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals in such films has particularly attracted attention because of the potential for achieving improved properties of starch nanocomposites. In the present study, cellulose nanocrystals were extracted from coconut fibers and incorporated in cassava and potato starch films at different concentrations. The properties of the different nanobiocomposite films were comparatively evaluated, including their barrier and mechanical properties. All the films, regardless of the nanocrystal concentration, were found to exhibit low solubility in water, with increased moisture content particularly observed in the films with higher nanocrystal concentrations. The potato starch film with the lowest nanocrystal concentration was found to exhibit the best mechanical properties. The observations of this study indicated that the source of the starch and the nanocrystal concentration determined the properties of the nanobiocomposite films.
Spectral biclustering of microarray data: coclustering genes and conditions.

Global analyses of RNA expression levels are useful for classifying genes and overall phenotypes. Often these classification problems are linked, and one wants to find "marker genes" that are differentially expressed in particular sets of "conditions. " We have developed a method that simultaneously clusters genes and conditions, finding distinctive "checkerboard" patterns in matrices of gene expression data, if they exist. In a cancer context, these checkerboards correspond to genes that are markedly up- or downregulated in patients with particular types of tumors. Our method, spectral biclustering, is based on the observation that checkerboard structures in matrices of expression data can be found in eigenvectors corresponding to characteristic expression patterns across genes or conditions. In addition, these eigenvectors can be readily identified by commonly used linear algebra approaches, in particular the singular value decomposition (SVD), coupled with closely integrated normalization steps. We present a number of variants of the approach, depending on whether the normalization over genes and conditions is done independently or in a coupled fashion. We then apply spectral biclustering to a selection of publicly available cancer expression data sets, and examine the degree to which the approach is able to identify checkerboard structures. Furthermore, we compare the performance of our biclustering methods against a number of reasonable benchmarks (e.g., direct application of SVD or normalized cuts to raw data).
Large Scale Variational Bayesian Inference for Structured Scale Mixture Models

Natural image statistics exhibit hierarchical dependencies across multiple scales. Representing such prior knowledge in nonfactorial latent tree models can boost performance of image denoising, inpainting, deconvolution or reconstruction substantially, beyond standard factorial "sparse" methodology. We derive a large scale approximate Bayesian inference algorithm for linear models with nonfactorial (latent tree-structured) scale mixture priors. Experimental results on a range of denoising and inpainting problems demonstrate substantially improved performance compared to MAP estimation or to inference with factorial priors.
Barcelona Economics Working Paper Series Strategic Mass Killings Strategic Mass Killings

Since World War II there have been about …fty episodes of large-scale mass killings of civilians and massive forced displacements. They were usually meticulously planned and independent of military goals. We provide a model where con ‡ict onset, con ‡ict intensity and the decision to commit mass killings are all endogenous, with two main goals: (1) to identify the key variables and situations that make mass killings more likely to occur; and (2) to distinguish conditions under which mass killings and military con ‡ict intensity reinforce each other from situations where they are substitute modes of strategic violence. We predict that mass killings are most likely in societies with large natural resources, signi…cant proportionality constraints for rent sharing, low productivity and low state capacity. Further, massacres are more likely in a civil than in an interstate war, as in the latter group sizes matter less for future rents. In non polarized societies there are asymmetric equilibria with only the larger group wanting to engage in massacres. In such settings the smaller We are grateful to CEPR for sponsoring the con ‡ict conference in Gerzensee in July 2009, where we started this project. We also thank Borek Vasicek and Peter Van der Windt for research assistance. Helpful comments from 1 group compensates for this by …ghting harder in the …rst place. In this case we can talk of mass killings and …ghting e¤orts to be substitutes. In contrast, in polarized societies either both or none of the groups can be ready to do mass killings in case of victory. Under the "shadow of mass killings" groups …ght harder. Hence, in this case massacres and …ghting are complements. We also present novel empirical results on the role of natural resources in mass killings and on what kinds of ethnic groups are most likely to be victimized in massacres and forced resettlements, using group level panel data. " If ever we are constrained to lift the hatchet against any tribe, we shall never lay it down till that tribe is exterminated, or driven beyond the Mississippi. " Thomas Je¤erson (from Mann, 2005: 70).
A review of maser polarization and magnetic fields

Abstract Through polarization observations masers are unique probes of the magnetic field in a variety of different astronomical objects, with the different maser species tracing different physical conditions. In recent years maser polarization observations have provided insights in the magnetic field strength and morphology in, among others, the envelopes around evolved stars, Planetary Nebulae (PNe), massive star forming regions and supernova remnants. More recently, maser observations have even been used to determine the magnetic field in megamaser galaxies. This review will present an overview of maser polarization observations and magnetic field determinations of the last several years and discuss the implications of the magnetic field measurements for several important fields of study, such as aspherical PNe creation and massive star formation.
The Effect of Detector Nonlinearity on WFIRST PSF Profiles for Weak Gravitational Lensing Measurements

Weak gravitational lensing (WL) is one of the most powerful techniques to learn about the dark sector of the universe. To extract the WL signal from astronomical observations, galaxy shapes must be measured and corrected for the point-spread function (PSF) of the imaging system with extreme accuracy. Future WL missions—such as NASA’s Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST)—will use a family of hybrid near-infrared complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor detectors (HAWAII-4RG) that are untested for accurate WL measurements. Like all image sensors, these devices are subject to conversion gain nonlinearities (voltage response to collected photo-charge) that bias the shape and size of bright objects such as reference stars that are used in PSF determination. We study this type of detector nonlinearity (NL) and show how to derive requirements on it from WFIRST PSF size and ellipticity requirements. We simulate the PSF optical profiles expected for WFIRST and measure the fractional error in the PSF size (ΔR/R) and the absolute error in the PSF ellipticity (Δe) as a function of star magnitude and the NL model. For our nominal NL model (a quadratic correction), we find that, uncalibrated, NL can induce an error of ΔR/R = 1 × 10−2 and Δe2 = 1.75 × 10−3 in the H158 bandpass for the brightest unsaturated stars in WFIRST. In addition, our simulations show that to limit the bias of ΔR/R and Δe in the H158 band to ∼10% of the estimated WFIRST error budget, the quadratic NL model parameter β must be calibrated to ∼1% and ∼2.4%, respectively. We present a fitting formula that can be used to estimate WFIRST detector NL requirements once a true PSF error budget is established.
Absolute anabelian cuspidalizations of proper hyperbolic curves

In this paper, we develop the theory of “cuspidalizations” of the etale fundamental group of a proper hyperbolic curve over a finite or nonarchimedean mixed-characteristic local field. The ultimate goal of this theory is the group-theoretic reconstruction of the etale fundamental group of an arbitrary open subscheme of the curve from the etale fundamental group of the full proper curve. We then apply this theory to show that a certain absolute p-adic version of the Grothendieck Conjecture holds for hyperbolic curves “of Belyi type”. This includes, in particular, affine hyperbolic curves over a nonarchimedean mixed-characteristic local field which are defined over a number field and isogenous to a hyperbolic curve of genus zero. Also, we apply this theory to prove the analogue for proper hyperbolic curves over finite fields of the version of the Grothendieck Conjecture that was shown in [Tama].
Automatic Target Recognition using multiple-aspect sonar images

Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) methods have been successfully applied to detect possible objects or regions of interest in sonar imagery. It is anticipated that the additional information obtained from additional views of an object should improve the classification performance over single-aspect classification. In this paper the detection of mine-like objects (MLO) on the seabed from multiple side-scan sonar views is considered. We transform the multiple-aspect classification problem into a multiple-instance learning problem and present a framework based upon the concepts of multiple-instance classifiers. Moreover, we present another framework based upon the Dempster-Shafer (DS) concept of fusion from single-view classifiers. Our experimental results indicate that both the presented frameworks can be successfully used in mine-like object classification.
Dynamic Spectrum Access : An Emergency Network Case Study

One of the new approaches in radio frequency management called Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) promises to alleviate the problem of non-uniform spectrum usage. While some frequency bands are excessively utilized others are rarely used. A classical example where an issue of spectrum shortage is clearly visible are wireless emergency networks. In this article we discuss the challenges in implementing DSA in the context of future emergency networks and, accordingly, propose a novel architecture for these networks utilizing DSA. This research was carried out in the Adaptive Ad-Hoc Free Band Wireless Communications (AAF) project funded by the Freeband program of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. Przemysław Pawełczak, R. V. Prasad, and Ramin Hekmat are with Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Email: {p.pawelczak, vprasad, r.hekmat}@ewi.tudelft. nl. Fokke Hoeksema is with Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, Email: f.w. hoeksema@utwente.nl.