Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'organisation des connaissances et la production de textes procéduraux : études "off-line" et "on-line"

Le but de ce travail est d'etudier, dans une perspective propre a la psychologie cognitive, l'effet de l'organisation des connaissances sur la production de textes proceduraux par des adultes, et plus particulierement sur les processus de "planification cognitive" et de "mise en texte" des methodologies "off-line" et "on-line" ont ete employees pour tester l'impact de deux aspects de cette organisation: son degre de structuration (operationnalise a travers le niveau de competence des sujets) et sa complexite (operationnalisee en faisant varier le nombre et la nature des noeuds ou concepts en son sein, ainsi que le nombre et la nature des liens qu'ils entretiennent). Trois experiences ont ete realisees, experiences dans lesquelles nous avons etudie l'acquisition d'un domaine de connaissances (delimite, defini et formalise et la production des textes relatifs a ce domaine. Nus avons ainsi pu manipuler des elements referentiels, mais egalement tenter de caracteriser la representation referentielle construite par les sujets, en amont de l'activite de production. L'ensemble des resultats suggerent que la structuration des connaissances facilite la recuperation des connaissances en memoire, permettant ainsi aux sujets de produire des textes plus riches ; la simplicite de l'organisation de ces connaissances, elle, faciliterait la construction de la base de texte (micro-structure), l'expression de la cohesion et la formation des syntagmes.
Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions: A Method for Comparative Access and Quality Studies Using Routinely Collected Statistics

Background: Appropriate and timely provision of ambulatory care is an important factor in maintaining population health and in avoiding unnecessary hospital use. This article describes conditions for which hospitalization rates have a strong and inverse relationship to access to high-quality ambulatory care.Methods: Three panels of Canadian physicians following different consensus techniques selected conditions for which the relative risk of hospitalization is inversely related to ambulatory care access.Principal Findings: All panels identified asthma, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, otitis media, gastric ulcer, pelvic inflammatory disease, malignant hypertension, and immunizationpreventable infections as ambulatory caresensitive admissions. These conditions strongly overlap with lists developed for similar purposes in the U.S. and England.Interpretation: Ambulatory care-sensitive conditions represent an intermediate health outcome. They are distinct from inappropriate hospitalizations. They may be useful for measuring the impact of health care policy, and for performance measurement or audit. RésuméContexte: La prestation individualisée et opportune de soins ambulatoires est un facteur important pour maintenir la santé de la population et éviter les séjours inutiles à l’hôpital. Notre article décrit les états de santé dont les taux d’hospitalisation présentent une forte relation inverse avec l’accès à des soins ambulatoires de haute qualité. Méthode: Trois groupes de médecins canadiens suivant différentes techniques de concertation ont sélectionné les états de santé dont le risque relatif d’hospitalisation était en relation inverse avec l’accès aux soins ambulatoires.Principales constatations: Les trois groupes ont déterminé que les admissions de cas d’asthme, d’angine de poitrine, d’insuffisance cardiaque globale, d’otite moyenne, d’ulcère gastrique, d’infection pelvienne, d’hypertension artérielle maligne et d’infections évitables par la vaccination étaient sensibles aux soins ambulatoires. Cette liste présente d’importants recoupements avec celles dressées aux États- Unis et en Angleterre. Interprétation: Les états de santé sensibles aux soins ambulatoires sont à classer parmi les résultats de santé à moyen terme. Il faut les distinguer des hospitalisations inutiles. Ils peuvent servir à mesurer les incidences des politiques de soins de santé, ainsi qu’à des fins de vérification ou de mesure du rendement.
Neurochemical insights into monoamine oxidase inhibitors, with special reference to deprenyl (selegiline)

ABSTRACT — Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is distributed in neurons and non‐neuronal tissue in the human central nervous system. It occurs there as MAO type A and MAO type B. It is not, however, established where both types are located intra‐ and/or extra‐neuronally. Recently, the use of selective MAO‐B blockers has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Knowledge about the locus of action of MAO inhibitors is therefore of great importance. Our findings indicate that MAO‐B inhibitors like deprenyl act by blocking neuronal and extra‐neuronal MAO‐B. This demonstrates that in the early stages of PD the action of deprenyl improves dopamine neurotransmission and hormonal action, whereas in the advanced stages of the disease, when there is progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by gliosis, the drug seems to exert beneficial effects via the hormonal route.
A Mathematical Formulation for Estimating Age Levels in the Carolina Curriculum

The study of medical protocols for monitoring and analyzing the development of children with disabilities is a fundamental research area. A well established curriculum-based assessment is the Carolina Curriculum for Infants and Toddlers with Special Needs (CCITSN) together with the Carolina Curriculum for Preschoolers with Special Needs (CCPSN). These are suitable curriculums for early intervention programs, where sequenced item data collection and analysis are used to monitor incremental changes of the program and to recognize the areas of relative strength and weakness in an individual infant, or child, with mild and moderate disabilities. In many recent papers, Cuomo, et al. introduced the client-server software C@rolin@ to carry out all features of CCITSN, afterwards a Social Framework and an App (CarolApp). Despite of all these technological advantages, the software uses mathematical formulas that do not fully satisfy operators and do not help them to correctly establish useful parameters. We address this problem by developing a more formalized mathematical model in the determination of age levels that can be successfully used in the Carolina software.
Online learning versus blended learning: an exploratory study

Due to the recent emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs), students and teachers are gaining unprecedented access to high-quality educational content. However, many questions remain on how best to utilize that content in a classroom environment. In this small-scale, exploratory study, we compared two ways of using a recorded video lecture. In the online learning condition, students viewed the video on a personal computer, and also viewed a follow-up tutorial (a quiz review) on the computer. In the blended learning condition, students viewed the video as a group in a classroom, and received the follow-up tutorial from a live lecturer. We randomly assigned 102 students to these conditions, and assessed learning outcomes via a series of quizzes. While we saw significant learning gains after each session conducted, we did not observe any significant differences between the online and blended learning groups. We discuss these findings as well as areas for future work.
In Vitro Phosphorylation Does not Influence the Aggregation Kinetics of WT α-Synuclein in Contrast to Its Phosphorylation Mutants

The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) into fibrils is characteristic for several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ninety percent of α-SYN deposited in Lewy Bodies, a pathological hallmark of PD, is phosphorylated on serine129. α-SYN can also be phosphorylated on tyrosine125, which is believed to regulate the membrane binding capacity and thus possibly its normal function. A better understanding of the effect of phosphorylation on the aggregation of α-SYN might shed light on its role in the pathogenesis of PD. In this study we compare the aggregation properties of WT α-SYN with the phospho-dead and phospho-mimic mutants S129A, S129D, Y125F and Y125E and in vitro phosphorylated α-SYN using turbidity, thioflavin T and circular dichroism measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy. We show that the mutants S129A and S129D behave similarly compared to wild type (WT) α-SYN, while the mutants Y125F and Y125E fibrillate significantly slower, although all mutants form fibrillar structures similar to the WT protein. In contrast, in vitro phosphorylation of α-SYN on either S129 or Y125 does not significantly affect the fibrillization kinetics. Moreover, FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs), enzymes with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, still accelerate the aggregation of phosphorylated α-SYN in vitro, as was shown previously for WT α-SYN. In conclusion, our results illustrate that phosphorylation mutants can display different aggregation properties compared to the more biologically relevant phosphorylated form of α-SYN.
A 2‐yr national population study of pediatric ketoacidosis in Sweden: predisposing conditions and insulin pump use

Abstract: The aim was to investigate triggering factors and insulin pump usage (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII) at diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Data from 1999 and 2000 were collected retrospectively from Sweden. In 1999 and 2000, 7.4 and 11.0%, respectively, of children with diabetes used CSII. One hundred and forty‐two episodes of DKA (pH < 7.30) were identified in 115 children (DKA at onset not included). Their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 10.1 ± 2.0%, age 14.6 ± 3.1 yr (range 1.5–19.9 yr), and diabetes duration 6.6 ± 3.5 yr (range 0.4–17.7 yr). Fourteen persons (seven girls) had more than one episode of DKA. Reported causes of DKA were missed insulin doses (48.6%), gastroenteritis (14.1%), technical pump problems (12.7%), infection (13.4%), social problems (1.4%), unknown (5.6%), and not stated (4.2%). Alcohol was involved in eight episodes and drugs in one. Thirty of 115 patients (19 girls) used insulin pumps. The overall DKA incidence was 1.4/100 patient years in 1999 and 1.7/100 patient years in 2000. For insulin pump users, the DKA incidence was 3.2/100 patient years in 1999 and 3.6/100 patient years in 2000. HbA1c at DKA admission was lower for CSII users than patients who used injections (9.1 ± 1.5 vs. 10.8 ± 2.2%, p < 0.01), but pH and age did not differ. CSII had been used for 6 months (median) before the DKA episode. In conclusion, the DKA frequency in CSII users was approximately twice that of patients who used injections. Seventy‐seven percent of the episodes occurred within 1 yr after CSII start. The high number of events reported to be caused by gastroenteritis is alarming because this may reflect a misinterpretation of DKA symptoms.
Revising the Gerotranscendence Scale for use with older adults in the southern United States and establishing psychometric properties of the revised Gerotranscendence Scale

Healthcare providers have long recognized that people change over the course of their lives. Early developmental theorists focused on changes across childhood. More recently, theorists and providers of elder care have attempted to define how older adults mature. Lars Tornstam, professor of sociology at Uppsala University in Sweden, developed the Theory of Gerotranscendence, which posits that the developmental tasks for older adults include gaining perspective on past life events, attaining wisdom, and preparing for death. The Theory of Gerotranscendence may lead to a more balanced understanding of how older adults continue to mature at the end of life. Tornstam also developed the Gerotranscendence Scale (GS) for use in Sweden and Denmark. A culturally appropriate and psychometrically sound tool is needed to explore gerotranscendence in the southern United States. The purpose of this study was to revise the GS for use with older adults in the southern United States. Tornstam's Theory of Gerotranscendence and Measurement Theory were used to guide the study. This triangulated mixed-methods methodological study was conducted in two phases. The purpose of Phase I was to ascertain if items on the GS were understandable to older adults in the southern United States and to reword the items as necessary. Two focus groups of older adults (n=17) were convened to review the items. Group consensus was used to revise the scale. Both scoring and wording were changed in the resulting revised scale (GS-R). The purpose of Phase II was to examine selected psychometric properties of the GS-R. An expert panel reviewed the GS-R for content validity. The GS-R was administered to 124 older adults, along with the Life Satisfaction Inventory in Aging (LSI-A), the Purpose in Life Test (PILT) and Successful Aging Inventory (SAI). Two weeks later the GS-R was re-administered to 90 of the respondents. The GS-R was found to have adequate test-retest reliability (r = .53, p (CVI = 0.86). Tests of hypotheses provided preliminary support of construct validity. However, several items on the GS-R were found to be problematic and reliability for some subscales was low. Results suggest that gerotranscendence may be a measurable construct in southern older adults, but the scale needs further revision. Results also raise the question about use of reverse scored items with this population.
Shared cognition facilitated by teacher use of interactive whiteboard technologies

– The purpose of this study is to examine questioning opportunities afforded by interactive whiteboards (IWBs) by highlighting pedagogical decisions enacted by teachers to ensure that they work with the wider affordances of the device. , – Three primary/elementary teachers participated in a study designed to identify the types of questions that teachers could enable, sustain and afford with an IWB. The teachers selected lessons to be videotaped. Pre- and post-lessons interviews were held with each teacher. Pre-lesson interviews sought the intent of the lesson and intended use of the IWB. Post-lesson interviews included teachers reviewing videotapes of the lessons and teachers reflecting on, reviewing and explaining significant and key events. They provided their reasons and justification behind their informed choices. , – Teachers enacted a framework that demonstrated their commitment to developing communities of learners. They sought strategic ways to utilise the IWB in dialogically focussed classrooms. Teachers used IWBs to sustain conversations that raise and resolve their learners’ questions, to present challenges to the group. , – This study has a small number of participants, but is fine-grained in analysis. The recorded lessons have only occurred in mathematics classes. Lesson sequences are short, and a longer sequence, over eight weeks, would have also been illuminating. , – The study is unique in showing the shift in power and ownership between interactions among the teacher, students and the IWB.
Airborne bacteria concentrations and related factors at university laboratories, hospital diagnostic laboratories and a biowaste site

Aims To evaluate concentrations of airborne bacteria in university laboratories, hospital diagnostic laboratories, and a biowaste site in Seoul, Korea. To measure total airborne bacteria (TAB), the authors assessed sampling site, type of ventilation system, weather and detection of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), indoors and outdoors. Method An Andersen one-stage sampler (Quick Take 30; SKC Inc) was used to sample air at a flow rate of 28.3 l/min for 5 min on nutrient medium in Petri dishes located on the impactor. A total of 236 samples (TAB, 109 indoor and nine outdoor; GNB, 109 indoor and nine outdoor) were collected three times in each spot from the 11 facilities to compare airborne bacteria concentrations. Results TAB concentrations ranged from undetectable to 3451 CFU/m3 (mean 384 CFU/m3), and GNB concentrations from undetectable to 394 CFU/m3 (mean 17 CFU/m3). TAB concentrations were high in window-ventilated facilities and facilities in which GNB were detected; concentrations were also high when it was rainy (all p values <0.05). TAB concentrations correlated significantly with GNB (r=0.548, p<0.01), number of bacteria species (r=0.351, p<0.01) and temperature (r=0.297, p<0.01). The presence of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), the number of TAB species and the detection of GNB affect TAB concentrations in laboratories. Conclusions It is recommended that special attention be given to regular control of indoor environments to improve the air quality of university and hospital laboratories.
[Measurements of CSF biochemical tumor markers in patients with meningeal carcinomatosis].

CSF beta--glucuronidase, polyamines and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were analyzed in 16 patients with meningeal carcinomatosis from solid tumors in systemic organs, 27 with benign brain lesions, 11 with primary brain tumors, 14 with metastatic brain tumors and 5 with leptomeningeal dissemination of other malignant diseases. beta--glucuronidase levels in all cases of meningeal carcinomatosis, meningeal gliomatosis and meningeal lymphoma were higher than 100 micrograms/dl/hr. On the other hand, levels in all cases of benign brain lesions were below 100 micrograms/dl/hr. Levels of beta--glucuronidase in the cases of metastatic brain tumors returned to normal levels after tumor resection. Levels of beta--glucuronidase and polyamines were not high in the cases with positive cytology in CSF after tumor resection. The polyamine level seemed to be dependent on the growth rate of the disease and was shown to below 0.05 nmol/ml in all cases after resection of the metastatic brain tumors. Cystic fluid of both benign and malignant tumor showed high levels of beta--glucuronidase and polyamines except for spermidine and spermine levels in a suprasellar cyst. Some cases of meningeal carcinomatosis with high levels of serum CEA did not always show high levels of CSF CEA. In the surgical cases with a metastatic brain tumor, the cases with leptomeningeal, especially dural attachment showed high levels of beta--glucuronidase and CEA preoperatively, but they returned to normal after surgery. In 2 cases of meningeal carcinomatosis treated by intrathecal chemotherapy with MTX and Ara-C, CSF beta--glucuronidase and CEA showed clinical condition better than the cell count in CSF decreased rapidly following chemotherapy. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Do nit removal formulations and other treatments loosen head louse eggs and nits from hair?

Eggs of the head louse, Pediculus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), are difficult to remove because the female louse fixes them to hairs using a proteinaceous secretion that hardens within seconds. The persistent eggshells are harmless but unsightly and are often mistaken for an active infestation. Combing with a fine comb (nit comb) does not readily remove the eggs or empty eggshells because of the resilience of the fixative and both folk remedies and medical products have claimed to facilitate their removal. Measurement of the force required to initiate sliding of the egg fixative using a slip‐peel tester was unable to detect evidence that any of three products which claimed to have egg‐loosening properties (Step 2™ Nit Removal System, Clear® Lice Egg Remover, RID® Lice Egg Loosener Gel) had any activity or exerted any effect on the egg fixative beyond the lubricating effects conveyed by water or conventional hair conditioner.
Soleus H‐reflex modulation during balance recovery after forward falling

Introduction: Our purpose was to examine the Hoffmann reflex (H‐reflex) during balance recovery after a simulated forward fall from 2 different inclination angles. Methods: The soleus H‐reflex of 15 healthy adults was measured in 2 different leaning positions (exerting a horizontal force at 15% and 30% of body weight, respectively), with no release (Int0) and at 2 different intervals (Int1, Int2) after the release (∼45 and ∼65 ms, respectively). Results: During Int2, the H‐reflex, which was evoked before the onset of the soleus electromyography, was significantly higher than the H‐reflex induced 20 ms earlier (Int1). No significant difference was observed between Int0 and Int1 and between the 2 leaning positions. Conclusions: These findings indicate that Ia afferent input is facilitated before muscle activation during forward falling. This could be important for the timely activation and increased rate of force development required during this task. Muscle Nerve 54: 952–958, 2016
The superior mesenteric artery syndrome and acute gastric dilatation in eating disorders: a report of two cases and a review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology and symptomatology of the superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA syndrome) is discussed. METHOD A review of much of the available literature concerning the SMA syndrome and the associated condition acute gastric dilatation is offered. RESULTS Two new cases of acute gastric dilatation in patients with eating disorders, one of whom was diagnosed with SMA syndrome, are presented, along with a discussion of these conditions in reference to the eating disorders. CONCLUSION The SMA syndrome and gastric dilatation are rare but potentially a very serious complication of eating disorders, and clinicians who work with these patients should be aware of such problems.
Response of muscle proprioceptors to spinal manipulative-like loads in the anesthetized cat.

OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying the benefits of spinal manipulation are not well understood. Neurophysiological mechanisms likely mediate its effects, at least in part, yet we know little about how the nervous system is affected by spinal manipulation. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs in paraspinal muscles respond to a mechanical load whose force-time profile is similar to that of a spinal manipulation. METHODS Experiments were performed on 10 anesthetized adult cats. The L6 dorsal root was isolated for electrophysiological recordings while the L6-L7 vertebrae and associated paraspinal tissues on one side of the vertebral column were left intact. Single unit recordings were obtained from 5 muscle spindles, 4 Golgi tendon organs, and 1 presumed Pacinian corpuscle afferent with receptive fields in paraspinal muscles. Loads were applied at the spinous process of the L6 vertebra through use of an electronic feedback control system. The load simulated the force-time profile of a spinal manipulation. Loads were applied in compressive and distractive directions and at 2 different angles (0 degrees and 45 degrees) with respect to the long axis of the vertebral column. RESULTS Golgi tendon organ afferent discharge frequency increased more to the impulse than to the preload during 13 of 15 spinal manipulations. Generally, the 4 Golgi tendon organ afferents became silent immediately at the end of each impulse. Similarly, muscle spindle discharge frequency increased more to the impulse than to the preload during 10 of 16 manipulations. Distractive manipulations loaded the spindles more effectively than compressive manipulations. After 7 of these 10 manipulations, muscle spindles became silent for 1.3 +/- 0.6 seconds (range, 0.1-4.3 seconds). Six of the 16 manipulations unloaded the muscle spindles. A presumed Pacinian corpuscle responded to the impulse of a manipulative-like load but not to loads with a slower force-time profile. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the high-velocity, short-duration load delivered during the impulse of a spinal manipulation can stimulate muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs more than the preload. The physiologically relevant portion of the manipulation may relate to its ability to increase as well as decrease the discharge of muscle proprioceptors. In addition, the preload, even in the absence of the impulse, can change the discharge of paraspinal muscle spindles. Loading of the vertebral column during a sham manipulation may affect the discharge of paraspinal proprioceptors.