Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restricted tissue distribution of a 37-kD possible adherens junction protein

A major polypeptide of M(r) 37,000 was purified from a desmosome- enriched citric acid-insoluble pellet of pig tongue epithelium. The polypeptide was solubilized from the 4-M urea-insoluble pellet with 9 M urea, and extracts were separated by carboxymethyl cellulose and gel filtration chromatography. The 37-kD protein was obtained in milligram quantities as a single band on two-dimensional gels in 30% yield after 21-fold purification from the citric acid-insoluble fraction. The protein is not glycosylated and has a pI of approximately 8.7. Although isolated from a fraction rich in desmosomes, the 37-kD protein is not a desmosomal protein. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of frozen sections of tongue and other tissues demonstrated that antibodies raised to the 37-kD protein bound only to suprabasal cell layers at punctate regions of the periphery of the cell and was absent from most regions of epidermis, whereas antibodies to desmoplakins I and II, desmosomal proteins, bound similarly but in all epidermal layers. Immunoelectron microscopy localized the 37-kD protein to the cell periphery in regions between, but never in, desmosomes. By immunofluorescence, the 37-kD protein colocalized with actin as well as with vinculin and uvomorulin in oral tissues. Like the 37-kD protein, vinculin and uvomorulin were absent from the basal layer. Based on its appearance, localization, and solubility properties, the 37-kD protein is probably a component of adherens junctions; its restriction to suprabasal cells and exclusion from the epidermis are unique.
Thermal Stress Birefringence in Buried-Core Waveguides With Over-Etch

Thermal stress birefringence in buried-core waveguides is studied analytically and numerically to determine the role of cladding and core composition, core aspect ratio and over-etch depth. An analytical expression is derived for the over-etch depth required for stress birefringence compensation. Analytical expressions for the core stress are given for over-etched rectangular buried-core waveguides. The range of upper cladding thermal expansion coefficient over which stress birefringence compensation can be obtained through over-etching is established.
Stand age retrieval in production forest stands in New Zealand using C- and L-band polarimetric Radar

Regressions of single-, dual-, quad-, and full-polarization L- and C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) against stand age from 403 radiata pine stands in Kaingaroa Forest, New Zealand have been carried out, using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Airborne SAR instrument. The regressions attempted to find products suitable for the separation of young (two years or less) from old stands (25 years or older), and for the estimation of stand age. Local incidence angle had no significant effect for C-band, but was always significant for L-band, giving a standard error reduction of 13% to 32% for log stand age. Stand density was highly significant for both bands, giving standard error reductions of 7% to 47%. Single- and dual-polarization products were severely biased, and it was impossible to separate young and old stands, except L-band horizontal-(HH)-plus-horizontal-vertical (HV). C-band quad-polarization gave less bias and lower error than for that L-band, when local incidence angle and stand density were excluded. C-band full-polarization using covariance magnitudes gave no improvement over C-band quad-polarization, but L-band did give a significant improvement. The C- and L-band full-polarization products with six polarimetric indices gave significant improvements in the standard error. The results show that regressions of SAR data with stand age are possible with full- and quad-polarization L- and C-band datasets, although the prediction limits increase rapidly with stand age. The smallest error in estimated stand age, with an RMS of 3.22 years, was for L-band full-polarization with six polarimetric indices, calculated from a validation dataset. Separation of young and old forest stands was only possible for full-, quad-polarization, and the L-band HH-plus-HV products.
Biomonitoring of four European populations occupationally exposed to pesticides: use of micronuclei as biomarkers.

This paper presents the results obtained within the framework of an EU research project aimed at investigating the relationship between occupational exposure to pesticides and the induction of cytogenetic damage. Populations from Greece, Spain, Poland and Hungary, all of them characterised by intensive agricultural activity, were the subject of the study. A total of 239 agricultural workers and 231 unexposed controls were examined for cytogenetic effects in lymphocytes of peripheral blood and exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) was evaluated in both cell types and their relationship to different confounding factors (e.g. sex, country, smoking habit, etc.) was determined. The cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) was also calculated to detect possible variations in the proliferative kinetics of lymphocytes due to pesticide exposure. The results obtained indicate that there are no increases in MN frequencies in the agricultural workers when compared with the controls for either lymphocytes or buccal cells. However, exposed individuals showed a significant decrease in CBPI when compared with controls. When the effect of the different confounding factors was evaluated, age was positively related with MN in lymphocytes and the Polish population showed a MN frequency significantly higher than those observed in the other populations. For buccal cells, the Spanish population showed a higher MN frequency, attaining significant differences in comparison with the other populations. Finally, the CBPI was found to be inversely influenced by age and Hungarian exposed men were the group that showed the lowest values.
Methods for quantifying intrafollicular drug delivery: a critical appraisal

Importance of the field: In recent years there has been increasing awareness that the hair follicles and their associated pilosebaceous structures may act as significant permeation pathways and/or reservoirs for topically applied drugs. This has implications in terms of dermatological therapy for acne, hirsutism, alopecias or certain skin cancers as well as systemic drug delivery. As the processes modulating follicular drug penetration are poorly understood at present, there is an emergent need for methodologies that can quantify follicular drug penetration and deposition. So far, a review article specifically dedicated to these methodological aspects has not yet been written. Areas covered in this review: This paper reviews the available quantitative follicular methodologies that have been developed over the years, describing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. This review covers comparative techniques that are based on measuring drug flux through ‘follicle-free’ and ‘follicle-containing’ integuments, the skin sandwich, differential stripping and optical imaging-based technologies. Techniques for measuring drug–sebum interactions are also discussed. What the reader will gain: The reader will develop an understanding of the complexities involved in quantifying drug delivery through follicles and pilosebaceous units. The Expert opinion section will give the reader insights into how more broad-ranging future research could allow identification of the most useful methods for quantifying follicular drug transport. Take home message: This is still a poorly understood field. It clearly warrants much larger scale studies than have been performed so far involving multiple techniques and multiple drugs.
Scratching the Surface: Preliminary Investigations of Haptic Properties for Data Representation

Research has shown that haptic devices such as the PHANToM are effective at displaying graphical information to blind people. However the techniques used so far have been direct analogies with traditional visual representations, which may not be appropriate for the haptic sense. It is proposed that graphical data could be made more easily accessible to blind people by scaling data values to haptic properties of chart elements, such as friction, stiffness and texture qualities. Two experiments are described that investigate the appropriateness of these qualities for display of numerical information. Haptic properties were compared using a forced choice discrimination paradigm and a magnitude estimation procedure. Both studies indicated that sighted subjects were better at discriminating friction than both stiffness and spatial period of texture.
Automatic Multilingual Subtitling in the eTitle Project

This paper presents the Multilingual Translation Service of eTITLE, a European eContent project, which has produced tools to assist in the multilingual subtitling of audiovisual material through the web. The eTITLE Translation Service combines state-of-the-art Machine translation and Translation memories, which may be tailored to the customer needs. The user can choose to use only Machine Translation, only a certain Translation Memory (or all available) or to use an integration of both approaches, which is the default option. In this latter option, only if no translation above a certain threshold is found in the Translation Memory, the original sentence is Machine Translated. The language pairs that have been developed in the framework of the eTITLE project are: English-Spanish, Spanish-English, English-Czech, Catalan-Spanish, Spanish-Catalan English-Catalan and Catalan-English.
Space Vector Modeling of a SAG Mill Drive and Evaluation During Mill Shutdowns

Mineral grinding is one of the most important and critical stages in copper mining. Economy-scale has motivated the use of high capacity semiautogenous (SAG) mill units whose continuous operation is essential to mine profitability. Hence, the development of modeling tools of SAG mill drive systems that help to analyze and prevent costly long-time outages, are of great benefit. This paper presents the development of phase and qd space vector models of the 2-stator winding synchronous motor used in SAG mill drives. Using a space vector rotation transformation, the two shifted stator winding are modeled as an equivalent 1-stator winding. Combining these motor models to two 6-pulse, one 12-pulse, and one ideal cycloconverters, three space models of the complete drive system are developed. The space vector models are evaluated during a normal stop sequence of an 8.2-MW SAG mill drive. The stop sequence includes a decelerating ramp, a holding torque, and a rollback triangular reference. Results show that the developed models are powerful and precise tools that allow the evaluation of the SAG mill drive system during any dynamic or transient event.
Linear ablation lesions for control of unmappable ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND Conventional activation mapping is difficult without inducible, stable ventricular tachycardia (VT). METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 16 patients with drug refractory, unimorphic, unmappable VT. Nine patients had ischemic and 7 had nonischemic cardiomyopathy. All patients had implantable defibrillators and had experienced 6 to 55 VT episodes during the month before treatment. Patients underwent bipolar catheter mapping during baseline rhythm. The amount of endocardium with an abnormal electrogram amplitude was estimated using fluoroscopy in 3 patients and a magnetic mapping system (CARTO) in 13 patients. For the magnetic mapping, normal endocardium was defined by an amplitude >1.5 mV; this measurement was based on sinus rhythm maps in 6 patients who did not have structural heart disease. Radiofrequency point lesions extended linearly from the "dense scar," which had a voltage amplitude <0.5 mV, to anatomic boundaries or normal endocardium. To limit radiofrequency applications, 12-lead ECG during VT and pacemapping guided placement of linear lesions. No new antiarrhythmic drug therapy was added. The amount of endocardium demonstrating an abnormal electrogram amplitude ranged from 25 to 127 cm(2). A total of 8 to 87 radiofrequency lesions (mean, 55) produced a median of 4 linear lesions that had an average length of 3.9 cm (range, 1.4 to 9. 4 cm). Twelve patients (75%) have been free of VT during 3 to 36 months of follow-up (median, 8 months); 4 patients had VT episodes at 1, 3, 9, and 13 months, respectively. Only one of these patient had frequent VT. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency linear endocardial lesions extending from the dense scar to the normal myocardium or anatomic boundary seem effective in controlling unmappable VT.
The social trajectory of brain tumor: a qualitative metasynthesis

Abstract Purpose: Research indicates that strong social ties can buffer the adverse effects of chronic illness on psychological well-being. Brain tumor typically leads to serious functional impairments that affect relationships and reduce social participation. This metasynthesis aimed to identify, appraise and integrate the findings of qualitative studies that reveal the impact of brain tumor on social networks. Methods: Four major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO) were systematically searched from inception to September 2016 for qualitative studies that reported findings on the impact of primary brain tumor on social networks during adulthood. Twenty-one eligible studies were identified and appraised according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Key findings of these studies were integrated to form superordinate themes. Results: The metasynthesis revealed the core themes of: 1) Life disrupted; 2) Navigating the new reality of life; and 3) Social survivorship versus separation. Conclusions: Multiple changes typically occur across the social trajectory of brain tumor, including a loss of pre-illness networks and the emergence of new ones. Understanding the barriers and facilitators for maintaining social connection may guide interventions for strengthening social networks and enhancing well-being in the context of brain tumor. Implications for rehabilitation Social networks and roles are disrupted throughout the entire trajectory of living with brain tumor Physical, cognitive and psychological factors represent barriers to social integration Barriers to social integration may be addressed by supportive care interventions Compensatory strategies, adjusting goals and expectations, educating friends and family and accepting support from others facilitate social reintegration throughout the trajectory of living with brain tumor
A Structural Basis for the pH-Dependent Xanthophyll Cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana[C][W]

Plants adjust their photosynthetic activity to changing light conditions. A central regulation of photosynthesis depends on the xanthophyll cycle, in which the carotenoid violaxanthin is converted into zeaxanthin in strong light, thus activating the dissipation of the excess absorbed energy as heat and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Violaxanthin deepoxidase (VDE), the enzyme responsible for zeaxanthin synthesis, is activated by the acidification of the thylakoid lumen when photosynthetic electron transport exceeds the capacity of assimilatory reactions: at neutral pH, VDE is a soluble and inactive enzyme, whereas at acidic pH, it attaches to the thylakoid membrane where it binds its violaxanthin substrate. VDE also uses ascorbate as a cosubstrate with a pH-dependent Km that may reflect a preference for ascorbic acid. We determined the structures of the central lipocalin domain of VDE (VDEcd) at acidic and neutral pH. At neutral pH, VDEcd is monomeric with its active site occluded within a lipocalin barrel. Upon acidification, the barrel opens up and the enzyme appears as a dimer. A channel linking the two active sites of the dimer can harbor the entire carotenoid substrate and thus may permit the parallel deepoxidation of the two violaxanthin β-ionone rings, making VDE an elegant example of the adaptation of an asymmetric enzyme to its symmetric substrate.
Interferon Plus Ribavirin: A Cautionary Note

systems results in several kinds of congenital anomalies. The combination of two or more anomalies was rare. In the present case, a portion of the extrahepatic duct (EHD) was duplicated, which may account for dysfunction of normal physiological mechanisms and contribute to symptoms of recurrent right upper quadrant pain. The symptoms might be relieved by a sphincterotomy. Another biliary anatomic abnormality of the patient is APBD. It was found in 1.5–3% of ERCP examinations (1). APBD was thought to be associated with choledochal cyst, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma (2), which were not found in the present patient. About pancreatic duct abnormality, the patient was investigated to have incomplete pancreas divisum with evidence of small ventral duct draining via major papilla and large dorsal duct draining via minor papilla. There was a filamentous connection branch connecting the ventral and dorsal pancreas. This may result in impeding the flow of pancreatic secretion and predisposing to pancreatitis. A trial therapy of enlarging the orifice of the minor papilla using dilation, stenting, or sphincterotomy may give clinically helpful result (3).
Discovery of a Mid-infrared Echo from the TDE Candidate in the Nucleus of ULIRG F01004−2237

We present the mid-infrared (MIR) light curves (LCs) of a tidal disruption event candidate in the center of a nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy F01004−2237 using archival WISE and NEOWISE data from 2010 to 2016. At the peak of the optical flare, F01004−2237 was IR quiescent. About three years later, its MIR fluxes have shown a steady increase, rising by 1.34 and 1.04 mag in 3.4 and 4.6 μm up to the end of 2016. The host-subtracted MIR peak luminosity is 2–3 × 1044 erg s−1. We interpret the MIR LCs as an infrared echo, i.e., dust reprocessed emission of the optical flare. Fitting the MIR LCs using our dust model, we infer a dust torus of the size of a few parsecs at some inclined angle. The derived dust temperatures range from 590–850 K, and the warm dust mass is ∼7 M⊙. Such a large mass implies that the dust cannot be newly formed. We also derive the UV luminosity of 4–11 × 1044 erg s−1. The inferred total IR energy is 1–2 × 1052 erg, suggesting a large dust covering factor. Finally, our dust model suggests that the long tail of the optical flare could be due to dust scattering.
Using Graphic Organizers to Attain Relational Knowledge From Expository Text

Many students with learning disabilities (LD) experience difficulties with extracting relationships from expository text, especially if they are implicit. Results from studies with K—12 participants have been inconclusive regarding the potency of the graphic organizer (GO) as a comprehension tool. This study attempted to address some of the concerns with GO research by examining the effects of using GOs with middle school students with LD to convey and cue relational knowledge, using a longer intervention and using written essays to assess the students' attainment of relational knowledge. The results lend support for using GOs with students with LD to gain relational knowledge from expository textbooks. When factual knowledge was assessed via multiple choice tests and quizzes, no differences were found between treatment and control conditions. As in other GO studies, both groups demonstrated attainment of facts and concepts. But when relational knowledge was assessed, the two groups responded differentially. On essays that required application, the GO group provided significantly more relational knowledge statements than students in the No GO group did.
Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Ameloblastomas and Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumors: Differentiation by Apparent Diffusion Coefficients of Cystic Lesions

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors are major aggressive odontogenic tumors in the maxillomandibular regions, but the differentiation between these 2 tumors is frequently ineffective based on only conventional CT and MR imaging findings. Here, we evaluated diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the differentiation of these 2 odontogenic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 9 patients with ameloblastoma and 7 patients with keratocystic odontogenic tumor using diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the nonenhancing and solid lesions in these tumors were determined with use of 2 b factors (500 and 1000). RESULTS: Two types of nonenhancing lesions were identified; one with high signal intensity on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (type A) and the other with low or intermediate intensity (type B). The type A nonenhancing lesions were observed in all the ameloblastomas, but they were evident in only 2 keratocystic odontogenic tumors. It is interesting to note that the ADCs of the nonenhancing lesions in the ameloblastomas were significantly higher than those of the nonenhancing lesions in the keratocystic odontogenic tumors (2.48 ± 0.20 × 10−3 mm2/s vs 1.13 ± 0.56 × 10−3 mm2/s; P < .001). The ADCs of the solid lesions in the ameloblastomas (1.39 ± 0.15 × 10−3 mm2/s) were significantly lower than those of the nonenhancing lesions in the ameloblastomas and were similar to those of the nonenhancing lesions in the keratocystic odontogenic tumors. CONCLUSION: ADC determination may be used as an adjunct tool for differentiation between ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors.
Multiple sclerosis and brief moderate exercise. A randomised study

This is a randomised control study, to determine the effect of aerobic and strength exercise on physical fitness and quality of life in patients with mild multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixteen outpatients with definitive MS, aged 18-50, with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) <4, completed the study. Every patient was evaluated according to physical fitness with peak oxygen consumption (V'O2peak ), workload and anaerobic threshold; quality of life (SF-36); and degree of disability (EDSS). The patients were then randomised to an exercise group (EG) (n =6) or a control group (CG) (n = 10). The EG exercised three times a week for five weeks, and the CG did not change their habits regarding exercise. In the EG, the mean change in workload was 0.34 W/kg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.58), the mean change in V'O2peak was 4.54 mL/kg per minute (95% CI: 1.65-7.44), and the mean change in anaerobic threshold was 0.32 L/min (95% CI: 0.08-0.57). There was a tendency towards improved quality of life, and no change was detected in the degree of disability. This study confirms that brief, moderate, aerobic exercise improves physical fitness in individuals with mild MS. No evidence was found for worsening of MS symptoms in association with exercises. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 776-782. http://msj.sagepub. com