Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-lingual Annotation Projection for Semantic Roles

This article considers the task of automatically inducing role-semantic annotations in the FrameNet paradigm for new languages. We propose a general framework that is based on annotation projection, phrased as a graph optimization problem. It is relatively inexpensive and has the potential to reduce the human effort involved in creating role-semantic resources. Within this framework, we present projection models that exploit lexical and syntactic information. We provide an experimental evaluation on an English-German parallel corpus which demonstrates the feasibility of inducing high-precision German semantic role annotation both for manually and automatically annotated English data.
SURVEY ON ACCOUNTING STUDENT SATISFACTION. EVIDENCE FROM A ROMANIAN UNIVERSITY

During recent years, on the background of increased competition, changing demographics in the population and declining enrollments, a paradigm shift occurred in the higher education system where universities begin to realize the importance of student satisfaction and market-type mechanism have been introduced even in countries previously characterized by a high degree of government control. Our study aims to assess the satisfaction of students who graduated from the Faculty of Accounting and Management Information Systems of the Bucharest University of Economic with Bachelor's degrees in 2012 and 2013. A survey research was conducted aiming to assess the overall satisfaction through questions pertaining to global fulfilment of expectations related to undergraduate accounting program, the perceived value of the program and the willingness to recommend the accounting program to a close friend. The key determinants of the overall satisfaction level were analyzed and discussed.
Quantitative retinal venular caliber and risk of cardiovascular disease in older persons: the cardiovascular health study.

BACKGROUND Small vessel disease may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease in older persons. We describe the relation of retinal vascular caliber to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in elderly persons. METHODS Prospective population-based cohort study composed of 1992 men and women aged 69 to 97 years living in 4 US communities. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were measured from retinal photographs using a computer-assisted method. Incident CHD and stroke events were ascertained using standardized methods. RESULTS After 5 years of follow-up, there were 115 incident CHD events and 113 incident stroke events. Participants with larger retinal venular caliber had a higher incidence of CHD (11.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7%-15.8%, vs 8.1%; 95% CI, 5.7%-11.6%), comparing largest with smallest venular caliber quartiles, and stroke (8.4%; 95% CI, 6.0-11.7, vs 5.8%; 95% CI, 3.9-8.4). At multivariable analysis, controlling for age, sex, race, arteriolar caliber, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, glucose concentration, cigarette smoking, pack-years of smoking, and high-density-lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, larger retinal venular caliber was associated with incident CHD (rate ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.7, comparing largest with smallest venular caliber quartiles; P(trend) = . 001) and incident stroke (rate ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.3; P(trend) = . 02). Additional adjustment for C-reactive protein and common and internal carotid artery intimal-media thickness had minimal effect on these associations. At multivariable analysis, smaller retinal arteriolar caliber was associated with incident CHD (rate ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7, comparing largest with smallest arteriolar caliber quartiles; P = .03) but not stroke (rate ratio,1.1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.2; P = .73). CONCLUSION Larger retinal venular caliber is independently associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly persons.
On the Mechanism of the γ → β Frequency Shift in Neuronal Oscillations Induced in Rat Hippocampal Slices by Tetanic Stimulation

Tetanic stimulation of the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices can induce γ frequency population oscillations (30–100 Hz) after a latency of 50–150 msec that are synchronized to within 1–2 msec when simultaneous stimuli are delivered to two sites 2 mm or more apart. When tetanic stimuli, twice-threshold for eliciting γ oscillations, are used, new phenomena occur. (1) After a period of γ, there is a switch to β frequencies (10–25 Hz); (2) during the switch, pyramidal cell spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) increase and rhythmic EPSPs occur in pyramidal cells; and (3) after an episode of single-site, twice-threshold-induced γ/β oscillations, simultaneous two-site threshold stimuli induce γ oscillations that are locally synchronized, but no longer are capable of long-range synchrony. We studied the cellular mechanisms of the γ/β switch with electrophysiological techniques and computer simulations. Our model predicts that the observed increases in both pyramidal cell AHPs and in pyramidal/pyramidal cell EPSPs are necessary and sufficient for the β switch to occur. Firing patterns generated by the model, both for pyramidal cells and for interneurons, resemble experimental records. A one-site twice-threshold stimulus might lead to an inability of the two sites to synchronize at γ frequencies, after subsequent two-site stimulation, via this mechanism. If depression is induced at synapses coupling pyramidal cells at one site to interneurons at the other site, then two-site stimulation cannot produce interneuron doublets; hence, as shown previously, the two sites will be unable to synchronize. This mechanism works in simulations, and we provide experimental evidence that synaptic depression and loss of doublets occur after a sufficiently strong local tetanus to one site. We suggest that long-range excitatory connections onto interneurons determine whether different pyramidal cell “assemblies” can synchronize at γ frequencies, whereas excitatory connections onto pyramidal cells determine whether such assemblies can synchronize at β frequencies.
Hot Markets, Momentum and Investor Sentiment in UK Acquisitions

We examine the links between hot markets and momentum in explaining merger waves using a sample of 881 UK acquisitions from 1985 to 2000. We find evidence of short run positive abnormal returns (or merger momentum) in both hot and cold markets. We find evidence of long run reversal. The post acquisition abnormal returns are negative over three years for the whole sample. We also find an interesting pattern in the long run reversal. Mergers announced in hot markets have higher announcement period abnormal returns than mergers announced in cold markets consistent with momentum. Over a one year horizon there is a reversal in the abnormal returns consistent with investor sentiment: mergers announced in hot markets have lower negative returns than mergers announced in cold markets. Interestingly, the abnormal returns over three years show a further reversal and are higher for mergers announced in hot markets than for those announced in cold markets.
Ubiquitin-Dependent Modification of Skeletal Muscle by the Parasitic Nematode, Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis is a muscle-specific parasitic worm that is uniquely intracellular. T. spiralis reprograms terminally differentiated skeletal muscle cells causing them to de-differentiate and re-enter the cell cycle, a process that cannot occur naturally in mammalian skeletal muscle cells, but one that holds great therapeutic potential. Although the host ubiquitin pathway is a common target for viruses and bacteria during infection, its role in parasite pathogenesis has been largely overlooked. Here we demonstrate that the secreted proteins of T. spiralis contain E2 Ub-conjugating and E3 Ub-ligase activity. The E2 activity is attributed to TsUBE2L3, a novel and conserved T. spiralis enzyme located in the secretory organ of the parasite during the muscle stages of infection. TsUBE2L3 cannot function with any T.spiralis secreted E3, but specifically binds to a panel of human RING E3 ligases, including the RBR E3 ARIH2 with which it interacts with a higher affinity than the mammalian ortholog UbcH7/UBE2L3. Expression of TsUBE2L3 in skeletal muscle cells causes a global downregulation in protein ubiquitination, most predominantly affecting motor, sarcomeric and extracellular matrix proteins, thus mediating their stabilization with regards to proteasomal degradation. This effect is not observed in the presence of the mammalian ortholog, suggesting functional divergence in the evolution of the parasite protein. These findings demonstrate the first example of host-parasite interactions via a parasite-derived Ub conjugating enzyme; an E2 that demonstrates a novel muscle protein stabilization function.
Mechanisation and the wheat revolution: effects on female labour in Punjab.

﻿Effects on Female Labour in Punjab Martin H Billings Arjan Singh The employment pattern of women in India is largely determined by concepts of social values and status having a bearing on economic and caste differences. Thus, ways in which farm tasks are shared between men and women vary among sub-cultures. However, with the application of the new technology in agriculture, the structure of agricultural production processes and employment patterns are undergoing rapid change.
SEL-2, the C. elegans neurobeachin/LRBA homolog, is a negative regulator of lin-12/Notch activity and affects endosomal traffic in polarized epithelial cells

The vulval precursor cells (VPCs) of Caenorhabditis elegans are polarized epithelial cells that adopt a precise pattern of fates through regulated activity of basolateral LET-23/EGF receptor and apical LIN-12/Notch. During VPC patterning, there is reciprocal modulation of endocytosis and trafficking of both LET-23 and LIN-12. We identified sel-2 as a negative regulator of lin-12/Notch activity in the VPCs, and found that SEL-2 is the homolog of two closely related human proteins, neurobeachin (also known as BCL8B) and LPS-responsive, beige-like anchor protein (LRBA). SEL-2, neurobeachin and LRBA belong to a distinct subfamily of BEACH-WD40 domain-containing proteins. Loss of sel-2 activity leads to basolateral mislocalization and increased accumulation of LIN-12 in VPCs in which LET-23 is not active, and to impaired downregulation of basolateral LET-23 in VPCs in which LIN-12 is active. Downregulation of apical LIN-12 in the VPC in which LET-23 is active is not affected. In addition, in sel-2 mutants, the polarized cells of the intestinal epithelium display an aberrant accumulation of the lipophilic dye FM4-64 when the dye is presented to the basolateral surface. Our observations indicate that SEL-2/neurobeachin/LRBA is involved in endosomal traffic and may be involved in efficient delivery of cell surface proteins to the lysosome. Our results also suggest that sel-2 activity may contribute to the appropriate steady-state level of LIN-12 or to trafficking events that affect receptor activation.
Nearness Rules and Scaled Proximity ( Extended Version )

An artificial intelligence system that processes geo-thematic data would profit from a (semi-)formal or controlled natural language interface that incorporates concepts for nearness. Though there already exists logical-engineering approaches giving sufficient conditions for nearness relations, we show within a logical analysis that these suffer from some deficiencies. Non-engineering approaches to nearness such as the abstract mathematical approach based on proximity spaces do not deal with the implementation aspects but axiomatically formalize intuitions on nearness relations and provide insights on their nature. Combining the ideas of the engineering approach with the mathematical approach of proximity spaces, we define and analyze new nearness relations that provide a good compromise between implementation needs and the need for an appropriate approximation of the natural nearness concept.
Hierarchical Formation of Galaxies with Dynamical Response to Supernova-Induced Gas Removal

We reanalyze the formation and evolution of galaxies in the hierarchical clustering scenario. Using a semianalytic model (SAM) of galaxy formation described in this paper, which we hereafter call the Mitaka model, we extensively investigate the observed scaling relations of galaxies among photometric, kinematic, structural, and chemical characteristics. In such a scenario, spheroidal galaxies are assumed to be formed by a major merger and subsequent starburst, in contrast to the traditional scenario of monolithic cloud collapse. As a new ingredient of SAMs, we introduce the effects of dynamical response to supernova-induced gas removal on size and velocity dispersion, which play an important role in dwarf galaxy formation. In previous theoretical studies of dwarf galaxies based on the monolithic cloud collapse given by Yoshii & Arimoto and Dekel & Silk, the dynamical response was treated in the extremes of a purely baryonic cloud and a baryonic cloud fully supported by surrounding dark matter. To improve this simple treatment, in our previous paper we formulated the dynamical response in more realistic, intermediate situations between the above extremes. While the effects of dynamical response depend on the mass fraction of removed gas from a galaxy, the amount of the gas that remains just after major merger depends on the star formation history. A variety of star formation histories are generated through the Monte Carlo realization of merging histories of dark halos, and it is found that our SAM naturally makes a wide variety of dwarf galaxies and their dispersed characteristics as observed. It is also found that our result strongly depends on the adopted redshift dependence of thestar formation timescale, because it determines the gas fraction in high-redshift galaxies for which major mergers frequently occur. We test four star formation models. The first model has a constant timescale of star formation independent of redshift. The last model has a timescale proportional to the dynamical timescale of the galactic disk. The other models have timescales intermediates of these two. The last model fails to reproduce observations, because it predicts only a small amount of the leftover gas at major mergers, therefore giving too weak a dynamical response on size and velocity dispersion of dwarf spheroidals. The models, having a constant timescale of star formation or a timescale very weakly dependent on redshift, associated with our SAM, succeed in reproducing most observations from giant to dwarf galaxies, except that the adopted strong supernova feedback in this paper does not fully explain the color-magnitude relation under the cluster environment and the Tully-Fisher relation. A direction for overcoming this remaining problem is also discussed.
Western of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health Predictive Value of Initial Triage Vital Signs for Critically Ill Older Adults

critical to patient safety, yet no clear information exists as to the utility of initial vital signs in identifying critically ill older department (ED) patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate a set of initial vital sign thresholds as predictors of severe illness and injury among older adults presenting to the ED. Methods: We reviewed all visits by patients aged 75 and older seen during 2007 at an academic ED serving a large community of older adults. Patients’ charts were abstracted for demographic and clinical information including vital signs, via automated electronic methods. We used bivariate analysis to investigate the relationship between vital sign abnormalities and severe illness or injury, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or ED death. In addition, we calculated likelihood ratios for normal and abnormal vital signs in predicting severe illness or injury. Results: 4,873 visits by patients aged 75 and above were made to the ED during 2007, and of these 3,848 had a complete set of triage vital signs. For these elderly patients, the sensitivity and specificity of an abnormal vital sign taken at triage for predicting death or admission to an ICU were 73% (66,81) and 50% (48,52) respectively (positive likelihood ratio 1.47 (1.30,1.60);
The Influence of Body Mass on Whole-Body Vibration: A Quad-Bike Field Study

Objectives: The aim of this field study was to explore the relationship between body mass and quad bike induced whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure in a group of New Zealand rural workers. Methods: WBV exposure was recorded using a seat pad mounted tri-axial accelerometer while rural workers (n=34) were driving a quad bike for approximately half an hour on a pre-marked track on farm terrain. Personal factors such as age, height and quad bike driving experience were also surveyed and included as co-variates. Vibration dose value (VDV) was calculated by analyzing the recorded raw vibration data samples (n=34) using vibration analysis software and corrected to a one hour equivalent exposure for further statistical analysis. To evaluate for the relationship between variables of interest (body mass, height, age and driving experience) and one hour VDVZ (1hrVDVZ), univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were conducted. Results: Mean 1hrVDVZ was 13.2 m/s 1.75 exceeded the VDV exposure action value of 9.1 m/s 1.75 . Univariate analysis 2 = 0.340) significantly (p < 0.0003) associated with 1hrVDVZ while age, body height and quad bike driving experience were not. In a multivariate backward linear analysis body mass, height, and experience combined to explain 38% (R 2 = 0.376) of the variance in 1hr VDVZ, however, only body mass (p= 0.0004) demonstrated statistical significance. Conclusion: Body mass is significantly and negatively associated with quad bike induced WBV (1hrVDVZ) in a group of New Zealand rural workers.
Modeling and forecasting of international tourism demand in ASEAN countries.

This study attempts to find the best model to forecast international tourism demand using a series of key macroeconomic variables in ASEAN countries. Generally, we find that generalized Poisson regression model is the best one for estimating long-run international tourism demand. In addition, we find that inflation and real exchange rate have negative relationship with international tourism demand. On the other hand, foreign direct investment and openness of trade have positive relationship with international tourism demand. Cointegration test result shows that there is a long-run relationship between variables.
Parietal Lobes in Schizophrenia: Do They Matter?

Objective. Despite observations that abnormal parietal lobe (PL) function is associated with psychotic-like experiences, our knowledge about the nature of PL involvement in schizophrenia is modest. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of the PL in schizophrenia. Method. Medline databases were searched for English language publications using the following key words: parietal lobe, combined with schizophrenia, lesions, epilepsy, cognition, rare genetic disorders, MRI, fMRI, PET, and SPECT, respectively, followed by cross-checking of references. Results. Imaging studies in childhood onset schizophrenia suggest that grey matter abnormalities start in parietal and occipital lobes and proceed to frontal regions. Although, the findings are inconsistent, several studies with patients at risk to develop schizophrenia indicate early changes in the PL. Conclusions. We want to propose that in a proportion of individuals with emerging schizophrenia structural and functional alterations may start in the PL and progress to frontal regions.
Good Practice in the Exploitation of Innovative Strategies in Sustainable Urban Transport: City Interview Synthesis

A literature review of policy transfer in transport and cognate fields was conducted. It shows that there is little evidence on how cities learn from each other and even less on how this process occurs in the transport sector. The review identified a series of key aspects of policy transfer which the literature suggests might be important in understanding the process of, advantages and barriers to transferring innovative transport policies. Interviews were then conducted in 11 cities to further investigate the process of policy transfer and the role of academics within this. Seven cities were studied in Northern Europe (Leeds, Edinburgh, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Bremen and Lyon, Nancy) and four in North America (Vancouver, Dallas, San Francisco and Seattle). This report presents the results of the synthesis of the city interviews. The key findings are: 1. Cities are actively looking to learn from another but this process is unsystematic and sometimes inefficient 2. The search for new policies is constrained by a lack of resources, particularly personnel 3. Informal networks and information sharing based on professional contacts is the predominant method of initial knowledge transfer 4. Local context is critical in determining whether policies will transfer well across cities and lack of fit is one reason for limited transfer 5. Institutional barriers also exist to policy transfer which seem most likely to influence what gets implemented rather than what gets considered 6. Key facilitators to overcome barriers to implementation are: a. A supportive political environment; b. Sufficient staff resources to commit to the projects; c. A culture of engaging with other cities and a structure that allows for staff at all levels to seek out information by contacting staff internally or at other organizations that are of a different staff/management level; d. An internal organisational culture to try new things; and e. co-funding of implementation from other government tiers or the private sector 7. Academic research is one potential source of information on innovation and implementation but one which is underutilised in many cities. This was particularly true of the European cities compared with those in North America 8. The academic and practitioner networks are not well connected and there are both practical and cultural barriers to better integration. In the light of these findings and a more detailed consideration of the cultural and practical barriers to better integration between academics and practitioners nine potential areas for future action are identified.
An Improved Unsupervised Learning of Motion Estimation Based on Diamond Searching for Distributed Video Coding

Distributed video coding has received much attention in recent years. It shifts the complex motion estimation from the encoder to the decoder side, thus makes low-complexity encoding a reality. Among some motion estimation methods exploited for DVC, expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is the most effective. However, the full searching involved in EM algorithm makes it complex. So, in this paper, we adopt a diamond searching instead of the full searching to optimize the motion searching. The simulation results show that the proposed diamond searching saves time while with the almost same rate-distortion quality compared to the current EM algorithm.