Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence and its Resolution among Mexican Americans

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects the mental and physical health of Mexican women in the United States, and culture is thought to play a role in its prevention and resolution. Qualitative investigations are ideal for explicating context-specific aspects of these phenomena. Thus, a systematic review of 19 primary qualitative research reports was conducted to clearly articulate the process of IPV and its resolution among Mexican American women. Based on the findings, IPV is fueled by aspects of Mexican culture, and barriers exist that make its resolution challenging. Despite attempts to nurture themselves, abuse becomes intolerable, and women eventually reach out for help. Immigration, legal, criminal justice, and social service personnel assist Mexican American women to resolve IPV. In addition, health care providers play an integral role in broaching the topic, establishing trust, and providing key information to women and members of the Mexican American community at large.
Sialic acids regulate microvessel permeability, revealed by novel in vivo studies of endothelial glycocalyx structure and function

We have developed novel techniques for paired, direct, real‐time in vivo quantification of endothelial glycocalyx structure and associated microvessel permeability. Commonly used imaging and analysis techniques yield measurements of endothelial glycocalyx depth that vary by over an order of magnitude within the same vessel. The anatomical distance between maximal glycocalyx label and maximal endothelial cell plasma membrane label provides the most sensitive and reliable measure of endothelial glycocalyx depth. Sialic acid residues of the endothelial glycocalyx regulate glycocalyx structure and microvessel permeability to both water and albumin.
Structure of Complement C3(H2O) Revealed By Quantitative Cross-Linking/Mass Spectrometry And Modeling*

The slow but spontaneous and ubiquitous formation of C3(H2O), the hydrolytic and conformationally rearranged product of C3, initiates antibody-independent activation of the complement system that is a key first line of antimicrobial defense. The structure of C3(H2O) has not been determined. Here we subjected C3(H2O) to quantitative cross-linking/mass spectrometry (QCLMS). This revealed details of the structural differences and similarities between C3(H2O) and C3, as well as between C3(H2O) and its pivotal proteolytic cleavage product, C3b, which shares functionally similarity with C3(H2O). Considered in combination with the crystal structures of C3 and C3b, the QCMLS data suggest that C3(H2O) generation is accompanied by the migration of the thioester-containing domain of C3 from one end of the molecule to the other. This creates a stable C3b-like platform able to bind the zymogen, factor B, or the regulator, factor H. Integration of available crystallographic and QCLMS data allowed the determination of a 3D model of the C3(H2O) domain architecture. The unique arrangement of domains thus observed in C3(H2O), which retains the anaphylatoxin domain (that is excised when C3 is enzymatically activated to C3b), can be used to rationalize observed differences between C3(H2O) and C3b in terms of complement activation and regulation.
White Matter Reference Region in PET Studies of 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B Uptake: Effects of Age and Amyloid-β Deposition

Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition as seen on PET using an Aβ-binding agent is a critical diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD). Some reports suggest using white matter (WM) as a reference region for quantification of serial Aβ PET studies; however, nonspecific WM retention in Aβ PET in people with dementia or cognitively unimpaired (CU) has been widely reported and is poorly understood. Methods: To investigate the suitability of WM as a reference region and the factors affecting WM 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB) uptake variability, we conducted a retrospective study on 2 large datasets: a longitudinal study of participants (n = 577) who were CU, had mild cognitive impairment, or had dementia likely due to AD; and a cross-sectional study of single-scan PET imaging in CU subjects (n = 1,349). In the longitudinal study, annual changes in WM 11C-PiB uptake were assessed, and in the cross-sectional study, WM 11C-PiB uptake was assessed relative to subject age. Results: Overall, we found that WM 11C-PiB uptake showed age-related increases, which varied with the WM regions selected. Further, variable annual WM 11C-PiB uptake changes were seen with different gray matter (GM) 11C-PiB baseline uptake levels. Conclusion: WM binding increases with age and varies with GM 11C-PiB. These correlations should be considered when using WM for normalization in 11C-PiB PET studies. The cerebellar crus1+crus2 showed no increase with age and cerebellar GM+WM showed minimal increase, supporting their use as reference regions for cross-sectional studies comparing wide age spans. In longitudinal studies, the increase in WM uptake may be minimal in the short-term and thus using WM as a reference region in these studies seems reasonable. However, as participants age, the findings may be affected by changes in WM uptake. Changes in WM 11C-PiB uptake may relate to disease progression, warranting examination of the causes of WM 11C-PiB uptake.
Multitask Low-Rank Affinity Graph for Image Segmentation and Image Annotation

This article investigates a low-rank representation--based graph, which can used in graph-based vision tasks including image segmentation and image annotation. It naturally fuses multiple types of image features in a framework named multitask low-rank affinity pursuit. Given the image patches described with multiple types of features, we aim at inferring a unified affinity matrix that implicitly encodes the relations among these patches. This is achieved by seeking the sparsity-consistent low-rank affinities from the joint decompositions of multiple feature matrices into pairs of sparse and low-rank matrices, the latter of which is expressed as the production of the image feature matrix and its corresponding image affinity matrix. The inference process is formulated as a minimization problem and solved efficiently with the augmented Lagrange multiplier method. Considering image patches as vertices, a graph can be built based on the resulted affinity matrix. Compared to previous methods, which are usually based on a single type of feature, the proposed method seamlessly integrates multiple types of features to jointly produce the affinity matrix in a single inference step. The proposed method is applied to graph-based image segmentation and graph-based image annotation. Experiments on benchmark datasets well validate the superiority of using multiple features over single feature and also the superiority of our method over conventional methods for feature fusion.
Photorealistic Avatar and Teen Physical Activity: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy.

OBJECTIVE Exergames played with a photorealistic avatar may enhance motivation to play, in addition to frequency, duration, and intensity of game-play. This article reports the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an exergame played with a photorealistic avatar on physical activity (PA) intensity in a laboratory-based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Teens (12-14 years old) were recruited from a large, metropolitan area of the southwestern United States. Parents provided written informed consent. Teens completed online data collection, played an exergame with a photorealistic avatar in an observed laboratory setting, and then participated in postassessment data collection that included online questionnaires and a telephone interview. RESULTS The program was feasible: 42 out of 48 teens recruited (87.5%) completed all data collection activities; game enjoyment was 21.9 ± 8.4 out of possible score of 32; immersion, 49.7 ± 15.6 out of a possible score of 88; avatar identification, 43.9 ± 16.5 out of a possible score of 68; and program satisfaction, 15.6 ± 3.6 out of possible score of 20. Objectively assessed PA indicated that 15.88 minutes of the laboratory-based gameplay session (74.9% of total time) was in vigorous PA; small effect sizes were observed in autonomy (ES = 0.45; P = 0.01) and competence (ES = 0.36; P = 0.03). Little change was observed in relatedness (ES = 0.04; P = 0.82) Qualitative data confirmed participants enjoyed playing the game with a photorealistic avatar and provided suggestions to enhance the gameplay experience. CONCLUSION Playing an exergame with a photorealistic avatar holds promise as a method for increasing PA among youth. Additional research is needed to further explore its effects on gameplay frequency, intensity, and duration in nonlaboratory setting.
Questionnaire‐based problematic relationship to eating and food is associated with 25 year body mass index trajectories during midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

OBJECTIVE Problematic eating behaviors and attitudes are of public health concern. Questionnaire-based assessment of these behaviors is important for large-scale research on eating behaviors. The questionnaire on eating and weight patterns-revised (QEWP-R) measures potential problematic behaviors and attitudes toward food (including anxieties, compensatory actions, overeating and loss of control, dieting, and shape concerns) that in aggregate may indicate diagnosable eating disorders. An important question regards the prevalence of these issues and their longitudinal associations with body mass index (BMI) in generally healthy middle aged adults. METHOD Based on eight constructs measured on QEWP-R, we created a new problematic relationship to eating and food (PREF) scale by assigning a point for each construct endorsed. Analyses were conducted in 3,892 black and white men and women participating in the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. The QEWP-R was administered in CARDIA year 10, when participants were aged 27-41 years. We used linear regression to model the relationship of individual constructs and the PREF scale to BMI over CARDIA follow-up. RESULTS Fifty-five percent of participants had 1-5 points and 4% had 6-8 points on the PREF scale. Each separate construct was positively associated with BMI, except concern about weight and shape. Adjusting for age, race, sex, education, and study center, mean BMI at CARDIA year 10, the time of PREF assessment, was approximately 1.0-2.5 kg/m2 higher per PREF category. CONCLUSION In middle age, problematic behaviors and attitudes toward food were common and associated with higher BMI.
Constraining Relativistic Bow Shock Properties in Rotation-powered Millisecond Pulsar Binaries

Multiwavelength follow-up of unidentified Fermi sources has vastly expanded the number of known galactic-field “black widow” and “redback” millisecond pulsar binaries. Focusing on their rotation-powered state, we interpret the radio to X-ray phenomenology in a consistent framework. We advocate the existence of two distinct modes differing in their intrabinary shock orientation, distinguished by the phase centering of the double-peaked X-ray orbital modulation originating from mildly relativistic Doppler boosting. By constructing a geometric model for radio eclipses, we constrain the shock geometry as functions of binary inclination and shock standoff R0. We develop synthetic X-ray synchrotron orbital light curves and explore the model parameter space allowed by radio eclipse constraints applied on archetypal systems B1957+20 and J1023+0038. For B1957+20, from radio eclipses the standoff is R0 ∼ 0.15–0.3 fraction of binary separation from the companion center, depending on the orbit inclination. Constructed X-ray light curves for B1957+20 using these values are qualitatively consistent with those observed, and we find occultation of the shock by the companion as a minor influence, demanding significant Doppler factors to yield double peaks. For J1023+0038, radio eclipses imply R0 ≲ 0.4, while X-ray light curves suggest 0.1 ≲ R0 ≲ 0.3 (from the pulsar). Degeneracies in the model parameter space encourage further development to include transport considerations. Generically, the spatial variation along the shock of the underlying electron power-law index should yield energy dependence in the shape of light curves, motivating future X-ray phase-resolved spectroscopic studies to probe the unknown physics of pulsar winds and relativistic shock acceleration therein.
Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic exertional compartment syndrome: a review of current literature

ABSTRACT Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a rare condition that usually affects distance runners and other running athletes. It is characterized by pain and pressure in one or multiple muscle compartments with repetitive physical activity. Reduction in pain typically occurs with cessation of activity. Evaluation of CECS consists of a thorough history of patient symptoms and ruling out of other causes of symptoms. Post-exercise pressure measurements can help confirm the diagnosis when symptoms are consistent and imaging evaluation negative for other causes. Non-operative treatment is a viable option for hindfoot runners and patients with anterior compartment syndrome of the leg. Limited-incision fasciotomy has been shown to be the most effective treatment and remains the gold standard for treatment. Minimal-incision open fasciotomy and endoscopic fasciotomy have surgical outcomes similar to wide-open fasciotomy. Military patients treated with fasciotomy have higher failure rates compared to civilians. Pediatric patients have similar outcomes compared to adults.
Phenotypic and genetic evidence for a unifactorial structure of spatial abilities

Significance Spatial ability is a strong predictor of several important outcomes, including success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects and careers. This ability is widely believed to be multifactorial, with numerous components and subdomains, such as “mental rotation,” “scanning,” and “mechanical reasoning. ” This large twin study allows the genetic and environmental etiology of diverse putative spatial abilities to be explored. The results indicate that this domain is in fact unifactorial, albeit dissociable from general intelligence, suggesting that its structure is much simpler than the sprawling literature suggests. This will aid gene-hunting efforts and allow this ability and its consequences to be examined with greater precision. Spatial abilities encompass several skills differentiable from general cognitive ability (g). Importantly, spatial abilities have been shown to be significant predictors of many life outcomes, even after controlling for g. To date, no studies have analyzed the genetic architecture of diverse spatial abilities using a multivariate approach. We developed “gamified” measures of diverse putative spatial abilities. The battery of 10 tests was administered online to 1,367 twin pairs (age 19–21) from the UK-representative Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). We show that spatial abilities constitute a single factor, both phenotypically and genetically, even after controlling for g. This spatial ability factor is highly heritable (69%). We draw three conclusions: (i) The high heritability of spatial ability makes it a good target for gene-hunting research; (ii) some genes will be specific to spatial ability, independent of g; and (iii) these genes will be associated with all components of spatial ability.
Congenital deafness affects deep layers in primary and secondary auditory cortex

Congenital deafness leads to functional deficits in the auditory cortex for which early cochlear implantation can effectively compensate. Most of these deficits have been demonstrated functionally. Furthermore, the majority of previous studies on deafness have involved the primary auditory cortex; knowledge of higher‐order areas is limited to effects of cross‐modal reorganization. In this study, we compared the cortical cytoarchitecture of four cortical areas in adult hearing and congenitally deaf cats (CDCs): the primary auditory field A1, two secondary auditory fields, namely the dorsal zone and second auditory field (A2); and a reference visual association field (area 7) in the same section stained either using Nissl or SMI‐32 antibodies. The general cytoarchitectonic pattern and the area‐specific characteristics in the auditory cortex remained unchanged in animals with congenital deafness. Whereas area 7 did not differ between the groups investigated, all auditory fields were slightly thinner in CDCs, this being caused by reduced thickness of layers IV–VI. The study documents that, while the cytoarchitectonic patterns are in general independent of sensory experience, reduced layer thickness is observed in both primary and higher‐order auditory fields in layer IV and infragranular layers. The study demonstrates differences in effects of congenital deafness between supragranular and other cortical layers, but similar dystrophic effects in all investigated auditory fields.
The accuracy of microRNA-210 in diagnosing lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Studies examining the diagnostic value of microRNA-210 for lung cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of microRNA-210 for lung cancer. Nine eligible studies involving 993 patients (554 lung cancer patients and 439 non-cancer patients) were independently identified, and the quality of these studies was assessed according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.75), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.89), 3.64 (95% CI, 2.54 to 5.21), 0.41 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.51) and 8.78 (95% CI, 6.10 to 12.66), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.83). These results indicated that microRNA-210 had moderate diagnostic value for lung cancer. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic value of microRNA-210.
Improving the adverse childhood experiences study scale.

OBJECTIVE To test and improve upon the list of adverse childhood experiences from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study scale by examining the ability of a broader range to correlate with mental health symptoms. DESIGN Nationally representative sample of children and adolescents. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Telephone interviews with a nationally representative sample of 2030 youth aged 10 to 17 years who were asked about lifetime adversities and current distress symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Lifetime adversities and current distress symptoms. RESULTS The adversities from the original ACE scale items were associated with mental health symptoms among the participants, but the association was significantly improved (from R2 = 0.21 to R2 = 0.34) by removing some of the original ACE scale items and adding others in the domains of peer rejection, peer victimization, community violence exposure, school performance, and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Our understanding of the most harmful childhood adversities is still incomplete because of complex interrelationships among them, but we know enough to proceed to interventional studies to determine whether prevention and remediation can improve long-term outcomes.
Cognitive Ability Does Not Predict Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior: Evidence From Three Older Cohorts

Higher cognitive ability is associated with being more physically active. Much less is known about the associations between cognitive ability and sedentary behavior. Ours is the first study to examine whether historic and contemporaneous cognitive ability predicts objectively measured sedentary behavior in older age. Participants were drawn from 3 cohorts (Lothian Birth Cohort, 1936 [LBC1936] [n = 271]; and 2 West of Scotland Twenty-07 cohorts: 1950s [n = 310] and 1930s [n = 119]). Regression models were used to assess the associations between a range of cognitive tests measured at different points in the life course, with sedentary behavior in older age recorded over 7 days. Prior simple reaction time (RT) was significantly related to later sedentary time in the youngest, Twenty-07 1950s cohort (p = .04). The relationship was nonsignificant after controlling for long-standing illness or employment status, or after correcting for multiple comparisons in the initial model. None of the cognitive measures were related to sedentary behavior in either of the 2 older cohorts (LBC1936, Twenty-07 1930s). There was no association between any of the cognitive tests and the number of sit-to-stand transitions in any of the 3 cohorts. The meta-analytic estimates for the measures of simple and choice RT that were identical in all cohorts (n = 700) were also not significant. In conclusion, we found no evidence that objectively measured sedentary time in older adults is associated with measures of cognitive ability at different time points in life, including cognitive change from childhood to older age.
Relation of pulmonary venous fibrillatory rates to rates obtained from the surface electrocardiogram in persistent atrial fibrillation

Dominant atrial rates obtained from the sugace electrocardiogram (ECG) during atrial fibrillation (AF) have been shown to reflect right atrial (RA) and coronary sinus (CS} rates. The relation of pulmonary venous (PV) fibrillatory rate to rates obtained from she standard 12- lead surfuce ECG, is, however, not known. Baseline IO-second 12-lead ECG recordings were made in 25 consecutive patients undergoing PV isolation for AF. After spatiotemporal QRST cancellation, Fourierbased time-frequency analysis was pelformed and atrial fibrillatory rate was determined. Mean PV fibrillatory rates were slightly higher than RA and CS rates, with no difference between right and left PVs. RA {R=. 865, p<. OOI), CS (R=.558, p=.025) and PV rates (R=.457, p=.033) were related with rates obtained from lead VI. There was a positive correlation between AF duration and RA (R=.545, p<.05), CS (R=.530, p<.05) and subsequently VI rates (R=. 704, p=.U07), but not between AF duration and PV rates (R=.087,p =ns). This resulted in a negative correlation (R=-.533, p<.05) between PV - VI rate di&rences and AF duration. In conclusion, fibrillatory rates obtained from surface ECG lead VI reflect RA, CS and to a ksser degree PV rates. As AF progresses, RA, CS and subsequently VI rates increase, while the PV - VI rate diference decreases indicating a more important role of other atrial parts for AF persistence. Fibrillatory rates from lead VI seem to express overall electrical remodeling in persistent AF.
Molecular Bridge Thermal Diode Enabled by Vibrational Mismatch

We elucidate a significant thermal rectification effect in molecule bridges (MBs) that covalently bond gold and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Remarkably, we find asymmetric heat flux across these MBs, resulting in significant thermal rectification. Thermal rectification ratios are found to decrease with the number of the MBs and increase with the lengths of CNTs, reaching a value of as high as 3.75. In addition, the calculations show that the thermal conductances vary with orientation of the crystal planes of Au, the number of molecular bridges, and the length of the CNTs. They are in a range of 40-250 MW m-2 K-1, agreeing well with the reported experimental results. Detailed analysis suggests that the thermal rectification can be attributed to the mismatch of vibrational modes between neighboring sulfur and carbon atoms in the MBs. This discovery could provide theoretical guidance in designing molecular thermal diodes, paving new routes to potential applications in nanoscale heat manipulation, waste energy harvest, chip cooling, and molecular phononics.