Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Prototyping Tool for Embedded, Real-Time Hierarchical Control Systems

Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation and Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is a graphical programming tool based on the dataflow language G. Recently, runtime support for a hard real-time environment has become available for LabVIEW, which makes it an option for embedded systems prototyping. Due to its characteristics, the environment presents itself as an ideal tool for both the design and implementation of embedded software. In this paper, we study the design and implementation of embedded software by using G as the specification language and the LabVIEW RT real-time platform. One of the main advantages of this approach is that the environment leads itself to a very smooth transition from design to implementation, allowing for powerful cosimulation strategies (e.g., hardware in the loop, runtime modeling). We characterize the semantics and formal model of computation of G. We compare it to other models of computation and develop design rules and algorithms to propose sound embedded design in the language. We investigate the specification and mapping of hierarchical control systems in LabVIEW and G. Finally, we describe the development of a state-of-the-art embedded motion control system using LabVIEW as the specification, simulation and implementation tool, using the proposed design principles. The solution is state-of-the-art in terms of flexibility and control performance.
Domain Adaptation for Visual Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of domain adaptation and transfer learning with a specific view on visual applications. After a general motivation, we first position domain adaptation in the larger transfer learning problem. Second, we try to address and analyze briefly the state-of-the-art methods for different types of scenarios, first describing the historical shallow methods, addressing both the homogeneous and the heterogeneous domain adaptation methods. Third, we discuss the effect of the success of deep convolutional architectures which led to new type of domain adaptation methods that integrate the adaptation within the deep architecture. Fourth, we overview the methods that go beyond image categorization, such as object detection or image segmentation, video analyses or learning visual attributes. Finally, we conclude the paper with a section where we relate domain adaptation to other machine learning solutions.
Temporal locality in today's content caching: why it matters and how to model it

The dimensioning of caching systems represents a difficult task in the design of infrastructures for content distribution in the current Internet. This paper addresses the problem of defining a realistic arrival process for the content requests generated by users, due its critical importance for both analytical and simulative evaluations of the performance of caching systems. First, with the aid of \youtube traces collected inside operational residential networks, we identify the characteristics of real traffic that need to be considered or can be safely neglected in order to accurately predict the performance of a cache. Second, we propose a new parsimonious traffic model, named the Shot Noise Model (SNM), that enables users to natively capture the dynamics of content popularity, whilst still being sufficiently simple to be employed effectively for both analytical and scalable simulative studies of caching systems. Finally, our results show that the SNM presents a much better solution to account for the temporal locality observed in real traffic compared to existing approaches.
Perceived Stress and Coping Styles among Malay Caregivers of Children with Learning Disabilities in Kelantan.

BACKGROUND Caregivers of children with learning disabilities have been shown to experience increased stress and greater negative caregiving consequences than those with typically developing children. There remains a lack of studies focusing on stress and coping mechanisms among caregivers of a wider age group and diagnosis of individuals with disabilities in Asian countries. The current study examines levels of perceived stress and associated child and caregiver factors among caregivers of children with learning disabilities in the Malaysian context. An additional aim was to determine whether caregiver coping styles may be predictors of perceived stress. METHODS The Malay version of the Perceived Stress Scale with 10 items and the Brief COPE Scale were administered to a sample of 190 Malay caregivers of children with learning disabilities registered with community-based rehabilitation centres in Kelantan, a state in Peninsular Malaysia. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to determine the predictors of perceived stress. RESULTS The mean total perceived stress score of caregivers was 16.96 (SD = 4.66). The most frequently used coping styles found among caregivers included religion, acceptance and positive reframing, while substance use and behavioural disengagement were least frequently used. Higher perceived stress was significantly predicted among caregivers with fewer children, frequent use of instrumental support and behavioural disengagement coping, and lack of emotional support and religious coping. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that the perceived stress levels among caregivers were significantly predicted by different coping styles. It is vital to help the caregivers improve their good coping styles in order to reduce their stress levels.
Blood flow distribution within the rib cage muscles.

We used 15-microns radiolabeled microspheres to study the regional distribution of blood flow (Q) among parasternal (PS), transversus thoracis, and external (EI) and internal intercostal muscles (II) in nine anesthetized supine mongrel dogs. We measured Q (ml.min-1.100 g-1) in each intercostal space (ICS) during spontaneous breathing, inspiratory resistive loading, and mechanical ventilation following paralysis. At necropsy the EI, II, and PS were excised and sampled separately for each ICS. During paralysis there was no consistent gradient in Q among the PS, II, and EI muscles. During spontaneous breathing, Q to PS increased linearly by 125% between the first and fourth to sixth ICS, Q to EI decreased progressively from the first/second ICS to the fifth/sixth ICS, whereas Q to the II was uniform. During inspiratory resistive loading, in which mouth pressures of -16 +/- 4 cmH2O were generated, the PS gradient was similar to that during spontaneous breathing. Also, Q to the EI increased in the cranial interspaces (P less than 0.02), whereas Q to the II of the seventh/eighth ICS was greater than that of the first/second ICS (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, with loading, ventrodorsal gradients in Q appeared within both EI and II interspaces. There was no consistent gradient in Q within the transversus thoracis muscle during any of the interventions. Our results demonstrate nonuniform Q within PS, EI, and II during both spontaneous and inspiratory resistive loaded breathing. On the assumption that changes in Q reflect changes in activation, our results suggest systematic topographical patterns of recruitment of rib cage respiratory muscles.
A Theory of Microwave Propulsion for Spacecraft

A new principle of electric propulsion for spacecraft is introduced, using microwave technology to achieve direct conversion of d.c. power to thrust without the need for propellant. A simplified illustrative description of the principles of operation is given, followed by the derivation, from first principles, of an equation for the thrust from such a device. The implications of the law of conservation of energy are examined for both static and dynamic operation of the device. A summary of the experimental work, that has been carried out to verify the theory, is then given.
A precise calculation of the Feigenbaum constants

The Feigenbaum constants arise in the theory of iteration of real functions. We calculate here to high precision the constants ca and 5 associated with period-doubling bifurcations for maps with a single maximum of order z, for 2 0; that is, the sequence (2) x~i+1=',z(xi), i=1,2,. ; x0=0. In 1979 Feigenbaum [8] observed that there exist bifurcations in the set of limit points of (2) (that is, in the set of all points which are the limit of some infinite subsequence) as the parameter ,u is increased for fixed z. Roughly speaking, if the sequence (2) is asymptotically periodic with period p for a particular parameter value j (that is, there exists a stable p-cycle), then as 1u is increased, the period will be observed to double, so that a stable 2p-cycle appears. We denote the critical u-value at which the 2j cycle first appears by Hii Feigenbaum also conjectured that there exist certain "universal" scaling constants associated with these bifurcations. Specifically, (3) a = lim Yi Itz i-0 Yo j+1 Yj exists, and 2 is about 4.669. Similarly, if d is the value of the nearest cycle element to 0 in the 2j cycle, then di (4) a = lim ' J exists, and a2 is about -2.503. Received November 22, 1989; revised September 10, 1990. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary llY60, 26A18, 39A10, 65Q05. 1991 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/91 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
An improved indoor localization method using smartphone inertial sensors

In this paper, an improved indoor localization method based on smartphone inertial sensors is presented. Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), which determines the relative location change of a pedestrian without additional infrastructure supports, is combined with a floor plan for a pedestrian positioning in our work. To address the challenges of low sampling frequency and limited processing power in smartphones, reliable and efficient PDR algorithms have been proposed. A robust step detection technique leaves out the preprocessing of raw signal and reduces complex computation. Given the fact that the precision of the stride length estimation is influenced by different pedestrians and motion modes, an adaptive stride length estimation algorithm based on the motion mode classification is developed. Heading estimation is carried out by applying the principal component analysis (PCA) to acceleration measurements projected to the global horizontal plane, which is independent of the orientation of a smartphone. In addition, to eliminate the sensor drift due to the inaccurate distance and direction estimations, a particle filter is introduced to correct the drift and guarantee the localization accuracy. Extensive field tests have been conducted in a laboratory building to verify the performance of proposed algorithm. A pedestrian held a smartphone with arbitrary orientation in the tests. Test results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve significant performance improvements in terms of efficiency, accuracy and reliability.
Prevalence of migraine and response to sumatriptan in patients self-reporting tension/stress headache

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and its responsiveness to migraine-specific therapy in patients with selfreported tension-type headache. Methods: Patients were adults (n = 423) consulting one of 54 North American study sites including primary care clinics, neurology clinics, and headache clinics. The study comprised an initial diagnosis phase to determine the headache diagnosis of patients entering the study with self-reported tension/stress headache, including that previously diagnosed by a health care provider. Patients reporting tension/stress headache were evaluated and diagnosed as having migraine with or without aura, probable migraine, tension-type headache, or another headache type. Exclusion criteria included prior diagnosis of migraine or probable migraine and the presence of headache for at least 15 days monthly during either of the 2 months before screening. The initial phase was followed by a randomized, double-blind treatment phase to evaluate the efficacy of sumatriptan 100 mg tablets for the treatment of a single migraine attack in those meeting International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for migraine during the diagnosis phase. Results: Of 423 patients reporting tension/stress headache at study entry, 84% (n = 357) were diagnosed at the clinic visit as fulfilling IHS criteria for migraine without aura or migraine with aura, and 65% (n = 276) were diagnosed with migraine only (i.e., with no other concurrent headache diagnosis). Three hundred thirty-two (332) patients entered the double-blind treatment phase. Headache relief rates 2 h post-dose, the primary efficacy endpoint, did not significantly differ between sumatriptan and placebo ( p = 0.099). However, improvements were significantly ( p < 0.05) greater with sumatriptan than placebo on several other headache-related efficacy measures. Conclusions: Migraine headache may go unrecognized in patients with self-reported tension headache. Among patients having self-reported tension headache and diagnosed with migraine during the study, response to acute treatment with sumatriptan was inconclusive. Improvement with sumatriptan versus placebo was observed for some measures and not for others. The results should be interpreted in the context of study limitations including use of patient self-reports to assess headache diagnosis and possible lack of representativeness arising from the predominantly white sample.
PREDICTING BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN USE BY CALIFORNIA DAIRY FARMERS

An ex ante adoption model of bovine somatotropin (BST) is estimated with survey data of California milk producers. Theoretical justification is developed for incorporation of socioeconomic explanatory variables in a technology-adoption model. The advantages of a multinomial over a binomial ex ante model also are presented. The multinomial logit model is used to predict BST adoption, to test hypotheses on characteristics associated with knowledge and receptiveness towards BST, and to predict potential structural changes in the California dairy industry due to the release of BST technology.
The geometrical approach to multidimensional inverse scattering

We prove that in multidimensional short‐range potential scattering the high velocity limit of the scattering operator of an N‐body system determines uniquely the potential. For a given long‐range potential the short‐range potential of the N‐body system is uniquely determined by the high velocity limit of the modified Dollard scattering operator. Moreover, we prove that any one of the Dollard scattering operators determines uniquely the total potential. We obtain as well a reconstruction formula with an error term. Our simple proof uses a geometrical time‐dependent method.
A Qualitative Exploration of Relationship and Attachment Themes in Families with an Eating Disorder

A qualitative study is described which explored the experiences of four families each of which contained a young person who had suffered with anorexia nervosa. The focus included an exploration of current relationships in the family, transgenerational patterns of relating, and the role of food in relation to comfort. Individual interviews were conducted with the young person with anorexia, a key sibling, both parents, and a joint family interview was also conducted. Interpretative theme analysis and discourse analysis were combined to generate a set of common themes across the families: False or Fragile Reality, Troubled Relationships, Arguments and Triangulation, Lack of Comfort, and Negative Relationships with Food. The findings suggest that experiences of relationships as conflictual and of communicational processes as confusing was common to all family members. Across all four families it appeared that the young person with anorexia was playing a pivotal role in the parents' attempts to correct their negative experiences from their own childhoods. The article concludes with an attempt to extend our understanding of eating disorders by offering an integration of concepts from attachment and systemic perspectives. Implications are offered for clinical work with families.
A novel two-dimensional tactile slip display: design, kinematics and perceptual experiments

A novel two-degree-of-freedom tactile display reproduces the sensations of sliding contact and incipient slip through the rotation of a ball positioned under the user's fingertip. A pair of motor-driven wheels actuates the ball via contact friction. Mechanical performance requirements are used to define the dimensions and construction method of the device. Kinematic analysis shows that the drive wheel angles and their contact locations with the ball must be carefully selected in order to accurately control the axis of rotation and speed of the ball. However, psychophysical experiments indicate that some kinematic error is tolerable; errors of up to 20° in slip angle and 30% of a nominal velocity may be applied without detection from an average user. The lightweight, modular tactile display was attached to a multi-degree-of-freedom kinesthetic interface and used to display virtual environments with slip. Experimental results demonstrate that users complete a virtual paper manipulation task with lower applied forces using combined slip and force feedback in comparison with conventional force feedback alone.
Prognostic factors and long-term outcomes of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A single-institution experience in China.

AIM To evaluate the prognostic factors of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in a large series of patients in a single institution. METHODS Eight hundred and fourteen patients with a diagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma that were evaluated and treated between 1990 and 2014, of which 381 patients underwent curative surgery, were included in this study. Potential factors associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Curative surgery provided the best long-term survival with a median OS of 26.3 mo. The median DFS was 18.1 mo. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with tumor size > 3 cm [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.482, 95%CI: 1.127-1.949; P = 0.005], positive nodal disease (HR = 1.701, 95%CI: 1.346-2.149; P < 0.001), poor differentiation (HR = 2.535, 95%CI: 1.839-3.493; P < 0.001), vascular invasion (HR = 1.542, 95%CI: 1.082-2.197; P = 0.017), and positive margins (HR = 1.798, 95%CI: 1.314-2.461; P < 0.001) had poor OS outcome. The independent factors for DFS were positive nodal disease (HR = 3.383, 95%CI: 2.633-4.348; P < 0.001), poor differentiation (HR = 2.774, 95%CI: 2.012-3.823; P < 0.001), vascular invasion (HR = 2.136, 95%CI: 1.658-3.236; P < 0.001), and positive margins (HR = 1.835, 95%CI: 1.256-2.679; P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that caudate lobectomy [odds ratio (OR) = 9.771, 95%CI: 4.672-20.433; P < 0.001], tumor diameter (OR = 3.772, 95%CI: 1.914-7.434; P < 0.001), surgical procedures (OR = 10.236, 95%CI: 4.738-22.116; P < 0.001), American Joint Committee On Cancer T stage (OR = 2.010, 95%CI: 1.043-3.870; P = 0.037), and vascular invasion (OR = 2.278, 95%CI: 0.997-5.207; P = 0.051) were independently associated with tumor-free margin, and surgical procedures could indirectly affect survival outcome by influencing the tumor resection margin. CONCLUSION Tumor margin, tumor differentiation, vascular invasion, and lymph node status were independent factors for OS and DFS. Surgical procedures can indirectly affect survival outcome by influencing the tumor resection margin.
Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships

Author Daniel Goleman explores the manner in which the brain is designed to engage in brain-to-brain “hookups” with others, and how these interactions affect both our social interactions and physical/mental well being. Based upon conceptualizations pioneered by Edward Thorndike, Goleman analyzes a traditional concept of social intelligence for the purpose of developing a revised model that consists of two categories: Social awareness (e.g., assessing the feelings of others) and social facility (e.g., awareness of how people present themselves). Goleman also explores advances in neuroscience that have made it possible for scientists and psychologists to study the ways in which emotions and biology work together.
Mesophilic and thermophilic biotreatment of BTEX‐polluted air in reactors

This study compares the removal of a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and all three xylene isomers (BTEX) in mesophilic and thermophilic (50°C) bioreactors. In the mesophilic reactor fungi became dominant after long‐term operation, while bacteria dominated in the thermophilic unit. Microbial acclimation was achieved by exposing the biofilters to initial BTEX loads of 2–15 g m−3 h−1, at an empty bed residence time of 96 s. After adaptation, the elimination capacities ranged from 3 to 188 g m−3 h−1, depending on the inlet load, for the mesophilic biofilter with removal efficiencies reaching 96%. On the other hand, in the thermophilic reactor the average removal efficiency was 83% with a maximum elimination capacity of 218 g m−3 h−1. There was a clear positive relationship between temperature gradients as well as CO2 production and elimination capacities across the biofilters. The gas phase was sampled at different depths along the reactors observing that the percentage pollutant removal in each section was strongly dependant on the load applied. The fate of individual alkylbenzene compounds was checked, showing the unusually high biodegradation rate of benzene at high loads under thermophilic conditions (100%) compared to its very low removal in the mesophilic reactor at such load (<10%). Such difference was less pronounced for the other pollutants. After 210 days of operation, the dry biomass content for the mesophilic and thermophilic reactors were 0.300 and 0.114 g g−1support, respectively, reaching higher removals under thermophilic conditions with a lower biomass accumulation, that is, lower pressure drop. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97:1423–1438. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Educational Outcomes of Tutoring: A Meta-analysis of Findings

A meta-analysis of findings from 65 independent evaluations of school tutoring programs showed that these programs have positive effects on the academic performance and attitudes of those who receive tutoring. Tutored students outperformed control students on examinations, and they also developed positive attitudes toward the subject matter covered in the tutorial programs. The meta-analysis also showed that tutoring programs have positive effects on children who serve as tutors. Like the children they helped, the tutors gained a better understanding of and developed more positive attitudes toward the subject matter covered in the tutorial program. Participation in tutoring programs had little or no effect, however, on the self-esteem of tutors and tutees.