Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of energetic disorder and localization on the conductivity and mobility of organic semiconductors

The impact of the energetic disorder and the charge localization on the conductivity, mobility and carrier concentration is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. This study gives three fundamental results: (i) the magnitude of the conductivity is strongly dependent on the spatial charge localization but (ii) the conductivity as a function of temperature and Fermi level is independent on the shape of the Density of States (DOS). On the other hand (iii) the mobility is strongly influenced by the DOS, hence the DOS affect the mobility only indirectly through the charge concentration. We show that many experimental observation and theoretical investigations can be merged in a simple physical framework based on hopping and percolation. The spatial localization and energetic disorder are the key elements to reach an unified picture of the mobility of organic semiconductors.
The effect of fertility and education on female labour force participation in Ghana

This study examines the forces behind female labour force participation (FLFP) in Ghana by focusing on the role played by fertility and education, for both urban and rural dwellers. Applying a logistic regression to the fifth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 5) we established that women with basic and tertiary education have a higher propensity of participation compared with those with no education. The results further indicate significant positive marginal effects for women with children, suggesting that having more children increases the likelihood of participation. This observation was more pronounced in the rural urban estimates. The paper suggests that women's labour force participation and home production are complements rather than substitutes considering the dominance of women in self-employment and/or informal sector where women are able to combine work and home production. Moreover, the study established a positive relationship between females in good health and the level of participation, and discusses some policy recommendations to encourage participation of women in the Ghanaian labour force.
Behavioral and In Vivo Electrophysiological Evidence for Presymptomatic Alteration of Prefrontostriatal Processing in the Transgenic Rat Model for Huntington Disease

Cognitive decline precedes motor symptoms in Huntington disease (HD). A transgenic rat model for HD carrying only 51 CAG repeats recapitulates the late-onset HD phenotype. Here, we assessed prefrontostriatal function in this model through both behavioral and electrophysiological assays. Behavioral examination consisted in a temporal bisection task within a supra-second range (2 vs.8 s), which is thought to involve prefrontostriatal networks. In two independent experiments, the behavioral analysis revealed poorer temporal sensitivity as early as 4 months of age, well before detection of overt motor deficits. At a later symptomatic age, animals were impaired in their temporal discriminative behavior. In vivo recording of field potentials in the dorsomedial striatum evoked by stimulation of the prelimbic cortex were studied in 4- to 5-month-old rats. Input/output curves, paired-pulse function, and plasticity induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) were assessed. Results showed an altered plasticity, with higher paired-pulse facilitation, enhanced short-term depression, as well as stronger long-term potentiation after TBS in homozygous transgenic rats. Results from the heterozygous animals mostly fell between wild-type and homozygous transgenic rats. Our results suggest that normal plasticity in prefrontostriatal circuits may be necessary for reliable and precise timing behavior. Furthermore, the present study provides the first behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of a presymptomatic alteration of prefrontostriatal processing in an animal model for Huntington disease and suggests that supra-second timing may be the earliest cognitive dysfunction in HD.
Spinal Dissemination of Intracranial Glioblastoma in Bevacizumab Era: a Potential Bevacizumab-induced Mechanism

Spinal metastasis, a devastating neurologic complication of intracranial glioblastomas is not as uncommon as initially thought. It varies from 25% in supratentorial glioblastomas to 60% in infratentorial glioblastomas. The underlying pathogenesis spinal spread of high-grade gliomas is still unclear. To date, no causal responsibility of Bevacizumab (BEV) was noted. Here, we report for the first time, a case of thoracic intramedullary metastases from a cerebral glioblastoma pre-treated with BEV. A critical and exhaustive review is provided.
Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation

Abstract: We use an RCT to analyze the impact of microcredit on poverty reduction. The study population consists of loan applicants to a large microfinance institution in Bosnia and Herzegovina who would have been rejected through regular screening. Access to credit allowed borrowers to start and expand small-scale businesses. THe re is little evidence that this lead to net increases in household income. Households that already had a business and where the borrower had more education, ran down savings, presumably to complement the loan and achieve the minimum investment amount. In less-educated households, where assets were low consumption went down instead. For these households the labor supply of teenage children aged 16-19 increased, and their school attendance declined.
Firms, Destinations, and Aggregate Fluctuations

This paper uses a database covering the universe of French rms for the period 1990{ 2007 to provide a forensic account of the role of individual rms in generating aggregate uctuations. We set up a simple multi-sector model of heterogeneous rms selling to multiple markets to motivate a theoretically-founded decomposition of rms’ annual sales growth rate into dierent components. We nd that the rm-specic component
The number of heterozygous nucleotide sites maintained in a finite population due to steady flux of mutations.

N natural populations, it is expected that there is a constant supply of mutaI tions in each generation. These mutations may have different persistence depending on their fitnesses, but collectively, they constitute the ultimate source of genetic variability in the populations. Since the maintenance of genetic variability is an important subject of study in population genetics, it may be worthwhile to investigate, using various models, the effect of mutation on the genetic variability. For example, KIMURA and CROW (1964) studied the number of alleles maintained in a finite population, assuming that each mutant is an allele not preexisting in the population. In the present paper I will use a different model and will investigate the number of heterozygous sites per individual and some related quantities that represent the statistical properties of the mutant frequency distribution, assuming that a very large number of independent sites are available for mutation. In this paper, “site” refers to a single nucleotide pair, although the theory is still appropriate to a small group of nucleotides, such as a codon.
Somatosensory Demands Modulate Muscular Beta Oscillations, Independent of Motor Demands

Neural oscillations in the beta band (15–30 Hz) occur coherently throughout the primate somatomotor network, comprising somatomotor cortices, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord, with the latter resulting in beta oscillations in muscular activity. In accordance with the anatomy of this network, these oscillations have traditionally been associated strictly with motor function. Here we show in humans that somatosensory demands, both in anticipation and during the processing of tactile stimuli, also modulate beta oscillations throughout this network. Specifically, somatosensory demands suppress the degree to which not only cortical activity but also muscular activity oscillates in the beta band. This suppression of muscular beta oscillations by perceptual demands is specific to demands in the somatosensory modality and occurs independent of movement preparation and execution: it occurs even when no movement is required at all. This places touch perception as an important computation within this widely distributed somatomotor beta network and suggests that, at least in healthy subjects, somatosensation and action should not be considered as separable processes, not even at the level of the muscles.
Factors Influencing Quality of Mobile Apps: Role of Mobile App Development Life Cycle

In this paper, The mobile application field has been receiving astronomical attention from the past few years due to the growing number of mobile app downloads and withal due to the revenues being engendered . With the surge in the number of apps, the number of lamentable apps/failing apps has withal been growing.Interesting mobile app statistics are included in this paper which might avail the developers understand the concerns and merits of mobile apps.The authors have made an effort to integrate all the crucial factors that cause apps to fail which include negligence by the developers, technical issues, inadequate marketing efforts, and high prospects of the users/consumers.The paper provides suggestions to eschew failure of apps. As per the various surveys, the number of lamentable/failing apps is growing enormously, primarily because mobile app developers are not adopting a standard development life cycle for the development of apps. In this paper, we have developed a mobile application with the aid of traditional software development life cycle phases (Requirements, Design, Develop, Test, and, Maintenance) and we have used UML, M-UML, and mobile application development technologies.
Political Accountability under Special Interest Politics

Democratic elections are often argued to both allow the aggregation of information and preferences of heterogenous voters and to provide an e¤ective means of holding politicians accountable. This paper studies how heterogeneity of voter preferences a¤ects political accountability. I introduce a common agency model, with voters as principals and the politician as the agent, and multiple policy dimensions. I characterize the equilibria in this model and identify several new e¤ects resulting from the heterogeneity in voterspreferences over multiple policy dimensions. First, there is a non-monotonic e¤ect of transparency on political accountability, in the sense that greater precision of information on the politicians performance rst increases and then reduces the e¤ectiveness of electoral controls and discourage politician e¤ort. With very limited transparency, voters are unable to provide incentives to the politician. However, if information is too precise, the politician can target a narrow group of voters while strategically ignoring the rest. Second, the model also implies that small groups may be more successful in inducing politicians to choose policies in line with their preferences and provides a novel mechanism for the underprovision of public goods, whereby voters who equally care about a public good may nonetheless fail to induce the politician to provide it. Finally, conditions, under which delegation of voting makes the politician more accountable are identi ed. Keywords: political accountability, voting, common agency, transparency. JEL Classi cation: D71, D74, C71. I am grateful to Daron Acemoglu Philippe Aghion, Susan Athey, Kenneth Shepsle, Andrei Shleifer, James Snyder, and seminar participants at Harvard, Kellogg, and MIT for helpful comments and discussions. yE-mail: gegorov@fas.harvard. edu
The Minority Assistantship Program (MAP): Graduate Outcomes and Impact

viii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the Problem 3 Purpose of the Study 5 Research Questions 6 Significance of the Study 7 Limitations 8 Definition of Terms 8 Chapter Summary 9 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 Beeler’s Graduate Student Adjustment to Academic Life Perspective 11 Historical Overview of Educational Opportunities for AA Students 13 Historically Black Colleges and Universities 16 Recruitment and Retention of AA Graduate Students 17 AA Intervention Programs 23 Undergraduate 23 Graduate 26 Chapter Summary 29 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 30 Research Questions 30 Population 31 Sample 32
E-dilation of strongly commuting CP-semigroups (the nonunital case)

In a previous paper, we showed that every strongly commuting pair of CP_0-semigroups on a von Neumann algebra (acting on a separable Hilbert space) has an E_0-dilation. In this paper we show that if one restricts attention to the von Neumann algebra B(H) then the unitality assumption can be dropped, that is, we prove that every pair of strongly commuting CP-semigroups on B(H) has an E-dilation. The proof is significantly different from the proof for the unital case, and is based on a construction of Ptak from the 1980's designed originally for constructing a unitary dilation to a two-parameter contraction semigroup.
The Impact of Modern Technology on Providing Counseling Services in the Light of Some Variables

This study analyses the impact of modern technology on the provision of consulting services in the light of some variables. The study sample consisted of 125 counselors. The results showed that the sample of the study had average level of using modern technology as a tool, and the absence of statistically significant differences depending on the following variables: gender, the qualification on the study tool, while the existence of a statistically significant differences in the following variables: age for those whom under than 45 years, and years of experiences for the less than 5 years. In addition, the study showed statistically significance effect in modern technology on the provision of counseling services and its infrastructure.
Implementation and Operational Research: Computer-Assisted Intervention for Safer Sex in HIV-Positive Men Having Sex With Men: Findings of a European Randomized Multi-Center Trial

Objective:Men who have sex with men (MSM) are the key population most affected by HIV in Europe. We performed the first European multicenter, simple-randomized parallel-group study to test the effectiveness of a theory-guided computer-assisted intervention to improve safer sex among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Methods:Between February, 2011 and February, 2013, 112 participants were enrolled in 8 different European HIV-care settings. Intervention participants received 3 individual counseling sessions facilitated by trained service providers using computer-assisted tools. The control-group received sexual health advice delivered as part of regular HIV care. Outcome behavior (self-reported condom use at last intercourse; combined HIV transmission risk score), its influencing factors, and mediating variables were assessed at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Mixed effects models were used to compare primary outcomes (condom use at last intercourse, HIV transmission risk score), and mediation analysis to explore intervention effects. Results:Condom use at last intercourse increased more among intervention than control participants at 3 months follow-up (odds ratio of 3.83; P = 0.03), but not significantly at 6 months follow-up. Intervention participants reported a lower transmission risk at 3 months follow-up than controls (odds ratio compared with baseline of 11.53 and 1.28, respectively; P = 0.008), but this effect became nonsignificant at 6 months. Intervention effects were mediated by the proximal variables, self-efficacy to negotiate condom use and condom attitudes. Conclusions:This intervention showed short-term effectiveness. The intervention should be replicated in other settings, eventually investigating if booster-counseling sessions would yield a longer lasting effect.
From Rags to Ries: Deprivation, Conict and the Welfare State

Historical evidence suggests that poor population groups are more likely to engage in conict. We construct a theoretical model of the choice between appropriation and production. Fully speci ed production functions allow for both symmetrical outcomes and for introducing inequalities in abilities and endowments. First, it is shown that groups with lower total factor productivity or fewer endowments are more likely to choose appropriative activities. Then, it is examined under what conditions income and capital redistribution, as well as education, health and poverty-alleviation spending reduce the incentives for appropriation. Finally, empirical evidence is presented that is consistent with the theory. JEL Classi cation: D02, D74, H50, I30.
The functional organization of human extrastriate cortex: a PET-rCBF study of selective attention to faces and locations

The functional dissociation of human extrastriate cortical processing streams for the perception of face identity and location was investigated in healthy men by measuring visual task-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with positron emission tomography (PET) and H2(15)O. Separate scans were obtained while subjects performed face matching, location matching, or sensorimotor control tasks. The matching tasks used identical stimuli for some scans and stimuli of equivalent visual complexity for others. Face matching was associated with selective rCBF increases in the fusiform gyrus in occipital and occipitotemporal cortex bilaterally and in a right prefrontal area in the inferior frontal gyrus. Location matching was associated with selective rCBF increases in dorsal occipital, superior parietal, and intraparietal sulcus cortex bilaterally and in dorsal right premotor cortex. Decreases in rCBF, relative to the sensorimotor control task, were observed for both matching tasks in auditory, auditory association, somatosensory, and midcingulate cortex. These results suggest that, within a sensory modality, selective attention is associated with increased activity in those cortical areas that process the attended information but is not associated with decreased activity in areas that process unattended visual information. Selective attention to one sensory modality, on the other hand, is associated with decreased activity in cortical areas dedicated to processing input from other sensory modalities. Direct comparison of our results with those from other PET-rCBF studies of extrastriate cortex demonstrates agreement in the localization of cortical areas mediating face and location perception and dissociations between these areas and those mediating the perception of color and motion.
Cloning, heterologous expression, and enzymological characterization of human squalene monooxygenase.

The cDNA for human squalene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in the committed pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis, was amplified from a human liver cDNA library and cloned, and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Kinetic analysis of the purified enzyme revealed an apparent K(m) for squalene of 7.7 microM and an apparent k(cat) of 1.1 min(-1). For FAD the apparent K(m) is 0.3 microM, consistent with a loosely bound flavin. The apparent K(m) for NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, the requisite electron transfer partner, is 14 nM. The amount of reductase needed for maximal activity is about threefold less than the amount of squalene monooxygenase present in the assay; thus, electron transfer to the monooxygenase is not likely to be rate limiting. Previous reports have implicated inhibition of this enzyme as the cause of a peripheral demyelination seen in weanling rats fed a diet containing tellurium. As no data were available for humans, the ability of a number of tellurium and related elemental compounds to inhibit the recombinant human enzyme was examined. Tellurite, tellurium dioxide, selenite, and selenium dioxide were inhibitory; the tellurium compounds were more potent than the selenium compounds, as indicated by their IC(50) values (17 and 37 microM, respectively). Kinetic analysis of the inhibition by tellurite suggests multiple sites of interaction with the enzyme in a noncompetitive manner with respect to squalene.
Super Star Cluster NGC 1705-1: A Local Analog to the Birth Site of Long-Duration γ-Ray Bursts

Recent observations suggest that global properties of the host galaxies for long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) are particularly well suited for creating the massive star progenitors of these GRBs. Motivated by the hypothesis that massive young star clusters located in metal-poor, low-metallicity galaxies are a natural birth site for GRB progenitors, we present a comparison study of the ISM properties along the sight line toward the super star cluster NGC 1705-1 and those in distant GRB hosts. Using the same set of metal transitions in the UV and applying known ISM structures in NGC 1705, we find that NGC 1705-1 resembles distant GRB host galaxies in its high neutral gas column, low molecular gas fraction, low metallicity, α-element enhancement, and low dust depletion. The lack of molecular gas is due to the enhanced UV radiation field in the starburst environment, consistent with the expectations for GRB progenitors. In addition, the known presence of dense neutral gas clouds at r ≲ 500 pc from NGC 1705-1 provides a natural reservoir of C+, Si+, and Fe+ ions that may be subsequently excited by the afterglow UV radiation field to produce excited lines commonly seen in GRB host ISM. We further argue that the apparent offset in the velocity profiles of low- and high-ionization transitions from absorption-line observations alone already offers important clues for related starburst episodes in GRB host galaxies. Our study shows that a statistical comparison between the ISM around star clusters and high-redshift GRB progenitors is important for identifying the key physical parameters that facilitate the formation of GRBs.
How Large are Returns to Schooling? Hint: Money Isn't Everything

This paper explores the many avenues by which schooling affects lifetime well-being. Experiences and skills acquired in school reverberate throughout life, not just through higher earnings. Schooling also affects the degree one enjoys work and the likelihood of being unemployed. It leads individuals to make better decisions about health, marriage, and parenting. It also improves patience, making individuals more goal-oriented and less likely to engage in risky behavior. Schooling improves trust and social interaction, and may offer substantial consumption value to some students. We discuss various mechanisms to explain how these relationships may occur independent of wealth effects, and present evidence that non-pecuniary returns to schooling are at least as large as pecuniary ones. Ironically, one explanation why some early school leavers miss out on these high returns is that they lack the very same decision making skills that more schooling would help improve.
ANALISIS PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP NIAT MELAKUKAN WHISTLEBLOWING

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang persepsi mahasiswa terhadap niat mahasiswa untuk melakuan whistleblowing.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan responden mahasiswa di lingkungan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Tanjungpura sebanyak 400 orang. Dengan melakukan penyebaran koesioner. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah persepsi mahasiswa yang dilihat dari 3 variabel yang menjadi variabel bebas yaitu sikap terhadap perilaku, norma subjekti dan persepsi dukungan organisasi memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap niat mahasiswa untuk melakukan whistleblowing. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi tambahan mengenai persepsi mahasiswa dalam memandang tindakan whistleblowing dan juga dapat memberi kontribusi untuk pengembangan teori pertukaran sosial yang lebih bisa dipahami khususnya oleh mahasiswa.Kata Kunci : Whistleblowing; Niat; Persepsi; Mahasiswa