Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral sequences of universal distribution and Sinnott's index formula

We prove an abstract index formula about Sinnott's symbol between two different lattices. We also develop the theory of the universal distribution and predistribution in a double complex point of view. The theory of spectral sequence is used to interpret the index formula and to analyze the cohomology of the universal distribution. Combing these results, we successfully prove Sinnott's index formula about the Stickelberger ideal. In addition, the {1, -1}-cohomology groups of the universal distribution and the universal predistribution are obtained.
Dialysis Transplantation Different mediator systems in biphasic heterologous phase of anti-GBM nephritis in mice

Background. After the injection of rabbit anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody into normal C57BL/6J mice severe albuminuria develops, which reaches a peak at 24 h. This early albuminuria is dependent on polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) and is completely absent in the congenic beige mutant strain (C57BL/6J, bg/bg), which is genetically deficient in leukocytic neutral proteinase activity. We now studied the development of anti-GBM nephritis in beige mice during the later heterologous phase. Methods. In untreated beige mice we assessed the albuminuria and glomerular lesions on days 1-5 after i.v. injection of anti-GBM antibody. Secondly, effector mechanisms involved in the later days of the heterologous phase were studied by substitution of whole antiGBM antibodies by F(ab')2 fragments, by leukocyte depletion (total body irradiation), scavenging of reactive oxygen metabolites (dimethylsulfoxide treatment), and complement depletion (cobra venom factor treatment). Results. In the later part of the heterologous phase (days 2-5), when there is still no sign of autologous antibody formation, i.v. injection of anti-GBM antibodies in beige mice induces nephritis with gradually increasing albuminuria, that reaches levels similar to those in non-deficient, congenic controls by day 3. This late albuminuria did not occur after injection of F(ab')2 fragments of the antibody, could be prevented by leukocyte depletion, and was greatly reduced by treatment with dimethylsulfoxide, a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. The late albuminuria was not influenced by complement depletion with cobra venom factor. Histologic and immunohistologic studies gave no indication for a role of glomerular macrophages or lymphocytes. Conclusions. The heterologous phase in murine antiGBM nephritis is a biphasic process, with sequential involvement of different and independent mediating Correspondence and offprint requests to: R. A. P. Koene, Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. systems: both phases are PMN-dependent, but only the early albuminuria depends on leukocytic neutral proteinase activity, whereas the albuminuria and the glomerular damage at later days are effected by reactive oxygen metabolites, most probably originating from PMN accumulating in the glomerulus.
Price Volatility, International Market Links and their Implications for Regulatory Policies

This paper provides a rationale for markets in baskets of securities (e.g. the stock index futures markets) by demonstrating that they provide a convenient trading medium for liquidity traders. The reason advanced is that the transaction costs suffered by these liquidity traders due to adverse trades with informed traders will typically be lower in markets for baskets than in markets for individual securities. The paper implies that large financial institutions may be expected to trade heavily in baskets to satisfy the liquidity needs of their clients. Thus, the paper provides a plausible explanation for the remarkable growth in the popularity of the stock index futures market over the past few years
Wood Bark Smoke Induces Lung and Pleural Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 and Stabilizes Its mRNA in Porcine Lung Cells

Although aberrant fibrinolysis and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are implicated in acute lung injury, the role of this serpin in the pathogenesis of wood bark smoke (WBS)-induced acute lung injury (SIALI) and its regulation in resident lung cells after exposure to smoke are unclear. A total of 22 mechanically ventilated pigs were included in this study. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to assess fibrin and PAI-1 in the lungs of pigs with SIALI in situ. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by Western blotting. Induction of PAI-1 was determined at the protein and mRNA levels by Western and polymerase chain reaction analyses in primary porcine alveolar type II cells, fibroblasts, and pleural mesothelial cells. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 mRNA stability was determined by transcription chase studies. Gel shift analyses were used to characterize the mechanism regulating PAI-1 mRNA stability. Smoke-induced ALI induced PAI-1, with prominent extravascular fibrin deposition in large and small airways as well as alveolar and subpleural compartments. In pleural mesothelial cells, lung fibroblasts, and alveolar type II cells, PAI-1 mRNA was stabilized by WBS extract and contributed to induction of PAI-1. The mechanism involves dissociation of a novel 6-phospho-d-gluconate-NADP oxidoreductase-like PAI-1 mRNA binding protein from PAI-1 mRNA. Exposure to WBS induces prominent airway and mesothelial expression of PAI-1, associated with florid distribution of fibrin in SIALI in vivo Wood bark smoke components induce PAI-1 in vitro in part by stabilization of PAI-1 mRNA, a newly recognized pathway that may promote extravascular fibrin deposition and lung dysfunction in SIALI.ABBREVIATIONS-3&vprime; UTR-3&vprime; Untranslated region; 6-PGD-6-phospho-d-gluconate-NADP oxidoreductase; ARDS-Acute respiratory distress syndrome; APRV-Airway-pressure-release ventilation; ATII-Alveolar type II cells; AU-Arbitrary fluorescence emission units; BAL-Bronchoalveolar lavage; BALF-BAL fluid; CMV-Conventional mechanical ventilation; Fio2-Fraction of inspired oxygen; HBSS-Hanks balanced salt solution; ICU-Intensive care unit; PBS-Phosphate-buffered saline; PL-Plasmin; PGN-Plasminogen; PA-PGN activator; PAI-1-Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; PMCs-Pleural mesothelial cells; PEEP-Positive end-expiratory pressure; Paco2-Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood; Pao2-Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PIP-Peak inspiratory pressure; PFs-Pleural fluids; PFR-Pao2-to-Fio2 ratio; scuPA-Single-chain urokinase; SIALI-Smoke-induced acute lung injury; TV-tidal volume; uPA-Urokinase-type plasminogen activator; WBSE-Wood bark smoke extract
Variation in lung function is associated with worse clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the variation in lung function over one year is associated with worse clinical outcomes, as well as with a decline in lung function in the following years, in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving CF patients (4-19 years of age), evaluated over a three-year period. We evaluated demographic characteristics, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, antibiotic use, hospitalization, six-minute walk distance (6MWD), and lung function. The inclusion criterion was having undergone pulmonary function testing at least three times in the first year and at least once in each of the next two years. RESULTS: We evaluated 35 CF patients. The variation in FEV1 in the first year (ΔFEV1) was greater among those who, in the third year, showed reduced FEV1, had a below-average 6MWD, or were hospitalized than among those with normal FEV1, normal 6MWD, or no hospital admissions, in that same year (p < 0.05), although no such difference was found for antibiotic use in the third year. Subjects showing a ΔFEV1 ≥ 10% also showed a greater decline in FEV1 over the two subsequent years (p = 0.04). The ΔFEV1 also showed an inverse correlation with absolute FEV1 in the third year (r = −0.340, p = 0.04) and with the rate of FEV1 decline (r = −0.52, p = 0.001). Linear regression identified ΔFEV1 as a predictor of FEV1 decline (coefficient of determination, 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: Significant variation in lung function over one year seems to be associated with a higher subsequent rate of FEV1 decline and worse clinical outcomes in CF patients. Short-term ΔFEV1 might prove useful as a predictor of CF progression in clinical practice.
Capital Income Taxes and the Benefit of Price Stability

Going from low inflation to price stability involves a short term loss (associated with the" higher unemployment rate required to reduce the inflation) and results in a series of welfare gains" in all future years. The primary source of these gains is the reduction in the distortions that result" from the interaction of tax rules and inflation. The paper quantifies the gains associated with" reducing the distortion in favor of current consumption rather than future consumption and in" favor of the consumption of owner occupied housing. These tax effects are much larger than the" effect on the demand for money that is generally emphasized in studies of the distorting effect of" inflation. The seignorage gains are also small in comparison to other effects of the tax-inflation" interaction. The estimates imply that the annual value of the net benefits of going from two" percent inflation to price stability are about one percent of GDP. Discounting this growing" stream of benefits at a real discount rate of five percent implies a net present value of about more" than 30 percent of GDP. All estimates of the short-run cost of going from low inflation to price" stability are less than this.
The Role of Mathematics self-efficacy and Mathematics ability in the structural model of Mathematics performance

848 of 8 th graders were randomly selected from two educational districts of Yazd province (Iran) to estimate and test the hypothesized effects of mathematics ability on mathematics self-efficacy and Performance. In usage of three latent variables were acknowledged with confirmatory factor analysis. Then the estimate of structural equation model revealed that mathematics ability had a direct and a indirect effect (Via mathematics self-efficacy) on mathematics performance. The model specified mathematics ability and mathematics performance. A substantial proportion of variance (50%) in mathematics performance was predicted from the model. The high goodness-of-fit indices, also acknowledged that postulated model has a good fit to the data. These findings in line with other works support the hypothesized role of self-efficacy in Bandura (1986) Social cognitive theory.
T-Cells Using HLA-A 2-matched Allogeneic Melanomas Generation of Human Autologous Melanoma-specific Cytotoxic Updated

Autologous tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), generated by repeated stimulation with autologous melanoma and expanded in interleukin 2, are major histocompatibility complex restricted. These CTLs recognize a common tumor-associated antigen in the presence of HLA class I determinants, suggesting that allogeneic melanomas which express the restricting HLA-A region antigen could substitute for the autologous tumor in the generation of CTLs. This was investigated in the HLA-A2 system. Four T-cell lines were established by stimulation of lymphocytes with either autologous tumor or an HLA-A2-matched allo geneic melanoma. Allogeneic stimulated CTLs specifically lysed the autologous tumor and demonstrated an identical pattern of HLA-A2 restriction, when compared to the autologous stimulated CTLs. Lysis by the allogeneic stimulated CTLs was blocked by a monoclonal antibody to HLA class I antigens; lysis was also inhibited by both autologous tumor or HLA-A2 allogeneic melanomas when evaluated in cold target competition studies. The allogeneic stimulated CTLs proliferated in response to both autologous tumor and HLA-A2 melanomas, but not in response to HLA-A2 nonmelanomas. By phenotypic analysis these CTLs were CD3+ and predominantly CD8+ cells. We conclude that autologous tumor-specific CTLs can be generated using HLA-A region-matched allogeneic melanomas for stimulation. Since established, HLA-typed melanoma tumor lines can be used in the absence of autologous tumor; this procedure can be applied clinically to a broad patient population and may prove useful in the adoptive immunotherapy of melanoma.
Cannabinoid inhibition improves memory in food–storing birds, but with a cost

Food–storing birds demonstrate remarkable memory ability in recalling the locations of thousands of hidden food caches. Although this behaviour requires the hippocampus, its synaptic mechanisms are not understood. Here we show the effects of cannabinoid receptor (CB1–R) blockade on spatial memory in food–storing black–capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla). Intra–hippocampal infusions of the CB1–R antagonist SR141716A enhanced long–term memory for the location of a hidden food reward, measured 72 h after encoding. However, when the reward location changed during the retention interval, birds that had received SR141716A during initial learning showed impairments in recalling the most recent reward location. Thus, blocking CB1–R activity may lead to more robust, long–lasting memories, but these memories may be a source of proactive interference. The relationship between trace strength and interference may be important in understanding neural mechanisms of hippocampal function in general, as well as understanding the enhanced memory of food–storing birds.
Local pulse wave velocity determination : the arterial distension waveform from foot to crest

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The Relationship between Working Memory Storage and Elevated Activity as Measured with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Does the sustained, elevated neural activity observed during working memory tasks reflect the short-term retention of information? Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of delayed recognition of visual motion in human participants were analyzed with two methods: a general linear model (GLM) and multivoxel pattern analysis. Although the GLM identified sustained, elevated delay-period activity in superior and lateral frontal cortex and in intraparietal sulcus, pattern classifiers were unable to recover trial-specific stimulus information from these delay-active regions. The converse—no sustained, elevated delay-period activity but successful classification of trial-specific stimulus information—was true of posterior visual regions, including area MT+ (which contains both middle temporal area and medial superior temporal area) and calcarine and pericalcarine cortex. In contrast to stimulus information, pattern classifiers were able to extract trial-specific task instruction-related information from frontal and parietal areas showing elevated delay-period activity. Thus, the elevated delay-period activity that is measured with fMRI may reflect processes other than the storage, per se, of trial-specific stimulus information. It may be that the short-term storage of stimulus information is represented in patterns of (statistically) “subthreshold” activity distributed across regions of low-level sensory cortex that univariate methods cannot detect.
Inhibitory properties underlying non-monotonic input-output relationship in low-frequency spherical bushy neurons of the gerbil

Spherical bushy cells (SBCs) of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) receive input from large excitatory auditory nerve (AN) terminals, the endbulbs of Held, and mixed glycinergic/GABAergic inhibitory inputs. The latter have sufficient potency to block action potential firing in vivo and in slice recordings. However, it is not clear how well the data from slice recordings match the inhibition in the intact brain and how it contributes to complex phenomena such as non-monotonic rate-level functions (RLF). Therefore, we determined the input-output relationship of a model SBC with simulated endbulb inputs and a dynamic inhibitory conductance constrained by recordings in brain slice preparations of hearing gerbils. Event arrival times from in vivo single-unit recordings in gerbils, where 70% of SBC showed non-monotonic RLF, were used as input for the model. Model output RLFs systematically changed from monotonic to non-monotonic shape with increasing strength of tonic inhibition. A limited range of inhibitory synaptic properties consistent with the slice data generated a good match between the model and recorded RLF. Moreover, tonic inhibition elevated the action potentials (AP) threshold and improved the temporal precision of output functions in a SBC model with phase-dependent input conductance. We conclude that activity-dependent, summating inhibition contributes to high temporal precision of SBC spiking by filtering out weak and poorly timed EPSP. Moreover, inhibitory parameters determined in slice recordings provide a good estimate of inhibitory mechanisms apparently active in vivo.
Condition monitoring of industrial process plant using acoustic emission techniques

Numerous condition monitoring techniques and identification algorithms for detection and diagnosis of rotating machinery faults have been proposed for the past few years. Motors are one of the common used elements in almost all rotating machinery. They cause the machine failure upon getting faulty. Therefore advance and effective condition monitoring techniques are required to monitor and detect the motor problems at incipient stages. This avoids catastrophic machine failure and costly unplanned shutdown. In this paper the acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system is established. It discusses a method based on time and frequency domain analysis of AE signals acquired from motors used in chemical process pilot plant. A real time measurement system is developed. It utilizes MatLAB to process and analyze the data to provide valuable information regarding the process being monitored.
How Does Public Infrastructure Affect Regional Economic Performance

This paper offers one more brush stroke to the emerging picture of the relationship between public capital investment and private economic activity. It does this by exploring the impact of public capital on output, employment growth, and private investment at the state and regional level. The paper consists of four parts. Since no comprehensive measures of public or private capital are available at the state level, the first section explains the construction of such data and describes the distribution of these wealth measures by state and region. The second section uses these data to estimate an aggregate production function, in order to see whether the positive relationship between output and public capital, which has been documented at the national level, holds up for individual states and regions. The third section moves from the steady state to the adjustment process and explores the relationship between public investment and private investment, attempting to determine the direction and magnitude of the effect. Finally, the fourth section introduces the public capital data into a firm location model in order to see whether variations in public capital by state have had any impact on state-by-state employment growth. The conclusion is that those states that have invested more in infrastructure tend to have greater output, more private investment, and more employment growth.
ICT Investment in OECD Countries and Its Economic Impacts

This chapter examines the measurement of ICT investment and its role in economic growth. It explores the problems that exist in producing reliable measures of ICT investment and comparing them across countries. Particular attention is also given to the issues associated with the measurement and comparison of ICT prices. The chapter also discusses how measures of ICT investment and capital can be used to make a quantitative assessment of the economic impacts of ICT. Estimates of such impacts are presented for a range of OECD countries.
Puma and Trail/Dr5 Pathways Control Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Distinct Populations of Testicular Progenitors

Spermatogonia- stem cells and progenitors of adult spermatogenesis- are killed through a p53-regulated apoptotic process after γ-irradiation but the death effectors are still poorly characterized. Our data demonstrate that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are involved, and especially that spermatogonia can be split into two main populations, according to apoptotic effectors. Following irradiation both Dr5 and Puma genes are upregulated in the α6-integrin-positive Side Population (SP) fraction, which is highly enriched in spermatogonia. Flow cytometric analysis confirms an increased number of Dr5-expressing SP cells, and Puma-β isoform accumulates in α6-integrin positive cellular extracts, enriched in spermatogonia. Trail−/− or Puma−/− spermatogonia display a reduced sensitivity to radiation-induced apoptosis. The TUNEL kinetics strongly suggest that the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, via Trail/Dr5 and Puma respectively, could be engaged in distinct subpopulations of spermatogonia. Indeed flow cytometric studies show that Dr5 receptor is constitutively present on more than half of the undifferentiated progenitors (Kit− α6 + SP) and half of the differentiated ones (Kit+ α6 + SP). In addition after irradiation, Puma is not detected in the Dr5-positive cellular fraction isolated by immunomagnetic purification, while Puma is present in the Dr5-negative cell extracts. In conclusion, adult testicular progenitors are divided into distinct sub-populations by apoptotic effectors, independently of progenitor types (immature Kit-negative versus mature Kit-positive), underscoring differential radiosensitivities characterizing the stem cell/progenitors compartment.
Unlawful Gain and Legitimate Profit in Islamic Law

Since the discovery of oil in the Middle East an increasing number of important contracts must be framed in accordance with the Shari'a. Moreover various factors have helped to create among Muslims a more acute sense of an original Islamic identity and a collective feeling that Shari'a should govern their lives not only with regard to personal and family matters but also as a valid and reasonable corpus of commercial and civil laws. The ban on taking interest (riba) and the rejection of chance contracts (gharar) are two features of an Islamic law of contract which contrast with the secular man-made legal systems of the West. This book is concerned with these two Islamic prohibitory rules and with the interest-free banking system which has developed therefrom. This is a new enlarged edition where the comparative examination of the topics of the book is updated and furthermore extended to cover the Shi'a Ja'fari fiqh. As a result all aspects are examined in the light of the teachings of the four Sunni schools - which hold authority in the Arab states and in Pakistan - of the Ibadis strongly present in Oman and of the Shi'a Ja'faris prevalent in Iran and largely present in Iraq, Bahrain, Kuwait and Lebanon. The new edition will confirm the use of the initial one as a text book with a particular appeal to academics and practising lawyers. It also provides an insight into the religious and ideological foundations claimed by Islamic banking.