Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recursive Alterations of the Relationship between Simple Membrane Geometry and Insertion of Amphiphilic Motifs

The shape and composition of a membrane directly regulate the localization, activity, and signaling properties of membrane associated proteins. Proteins that both sense and generate membrane curvature, e.g., through amphiphilic insertion motifs, potentially engage in recursive binding dynamics, where the recruitment of the protein itself changes the properties of the membrane substrate. Simple geometric models of membrane curvature interactions already provide prediction tools for experimental observations, however these models are treating curvature sensing and generation as separated phenomena. Here, we outline a model that applies both geometric and basic thermodynamic considerations. This model allows us to predict the consequences of recursive properties in such interaction schemes and thereby integrate the membrane as a dynamic substrate. We use this combined model to hypothesize the origin and properties of tubular carrier systems observed in cells. Furthermore, we pinpoint the coupling to a membrane reservoir as a factor that influences the membrane curvature sensing and generation properties of local curvatures in the cell in line with classic determinants such as lipid composition and membrane geometry.
Utilizing Citations of Foreign Words in Corpus-Based Dictionary Generation

Previous work concerned with the identification of word translations from text collections has been either based on parallel or on comparable corpora of the respective languages. In the case of comparable corpora basic dictionaries have been necessary to form a bridge between the languages under consideration. We present here a novel approach to identify word translations from a single monolingual corpus without necessarily requiring dictionaries, although, as will be shown, a dictionary can still be useful for improving the results. Our approach is based on the observation that for various reasons monolingual corpora typically contain many foreign words (for example citations). Relying on standard newsticker texts, we will show that their cooccurrence-based associations can be successfully used to identify word translations.
Cryptographically resilient functions

This correspondence studies resilient functions which have applications in fault-tolerant distributed computing, quantum cryptographic key distribution, and random sequence generation for stream ciphers. We present a number of new methods for synthesizing resilient functions. An interesting aspect of these methods is that they are applicable both to linear and nonlinear resilient functions. Our second major contribution is to show that every linear resilient function can be transformed into a large number of nonlinear resilient functions with the same parameters. As a result, we obtain resilient functions that are highly nonlinear and have a high algebraic degree.
Polymorphisms in mTORC1 Genes Modulate Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Eastern Chinese Populations

Introduction: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an evolutionary conserved multiprotein complex that functions as a key regulator of gene transcription, protein translation, and autophagy. No studies have assessed associations between functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mTORC1 genes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: In a case–control study of 1126 ESCC patients and 1131 cancer-free controls, we genotyped eight SNPs in mTORC1 (mTOR rs1883965 G>A and rs2536 T>C, mLST8 rs3160 C>T and rs26865 G>A, RPTOR rs3751934 C>A, rs1062935 T>C, rs3751932 T>C and rs12602885 G>A) and assessed their associations with risk of ESCC. Results: In the single-locus analyses, we found a significantly altered risk of ESCC associated with mTOR rs1883965 A variant genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.27 and 1.26; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.60 and 1.01–1.58 for GA and GA/AA, respectively, compared with GG) but not with other SNPs. In the combined analysis of the eight SNPs, we found individuals with two or more unfavorable genotypes exhibited an increased risk for ESCC (adjusted OR = 1.35; 95% confidence interval = 1.20–1.62), compared with those with less than two unfavorable genotypes. Such a cumulative effect was dose-dependent (ptrend = 0.004). In the multiple dimension reduction analysis, mTOR rs1883965 was consistently suggested as the strongest individual factor for ESCC risk, and the model including all SNPs yielded the lowest prediction error of 17.66% for model validation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that functional SNPs of mTORC1 genes may individually or collectively contribute to ESCC risk. Further validation of these findings is warranted.
Arti fi cial Economic Agents with Heterogeneous Cognitive Capacity and Their Economic Consequences : Study Based on Agent-Based Double Auction Market Simulations

Despite the increasing tendency to make intelligence an explicit control variable in experimental economics and to explore its emergent outcomes, agent-based computational economics, which is normally claimed as the software counterpart of experimental economics, has paid almost no attention to this development. On the contrary, from a pure engineering viewpoint, there is a tendency to make software agents as smart as possible, and usually equally smart. This design principle, therefore, obviously contradicts our understanding of human agents. If the society of software agents cannot reasonably reflect the dispersion of human intelligence, then any resultant social simulation would be of little help to us in gaining insights into the emergent complexities, such as the perplexing relationship between IQ and social development (Lynn and Vanhanen, 2002; Lynn, 2006). Therefore, designing software agents with heterogeneous intelligence is the next step in exploring the emergent complexities of agent-based computational economics. In this paper, we develop the first agent-based model to tackle this issue. In the context of the agent-based double auction market, we use genetic programming (GP) to model agents’ adaptive behavior. This way of modeling is not new; however, we no longer assume that agents are equally smart; instead, following the series of experiments which provided evidence of the importance of heterogeneity in subjects’ short-term memory capacity (Devetag and Warglien, 2003; Cornelissen, Dewitte and Warlop, 2007; Devetag and Warglien, 2008), they manipulated one control parameter of GP so that the agents’ “working memory capacity” can be “born” differently. The parameter which we manipulate is the population size. Genetic programming is a population-based algorithm, which can implement parallel processing. Hence, the size of the population will directly determine the capability of parallel processing. On the other hand, the human’s short-term memory capacity is frequently tested based on the number of the cognitive tasks which humans can simultaneously process (Cappelletti, Guth and Ploner, 2008). Dual tasks have been used in hundreds of psychological experiments to measure the attentional demands of different mental activities (Pashler, 1998). Hence, the population size seems to be an appropriate choice with regard to mimicking the working memory capacity of human agents. A smaller population size, therefore, corresponds to a
Percepciones de alumnos, egresados y profesores sobre los sistemas de evaluación del aprendizaje

This research aims to identify the types of assessments that are being carried out in a Pre-service Teacher Education (PTE) center, and if that assessment is close to what is meant by "formative and shared assessment systems". Subsequently we analyze whether there are statistically significant differences in the students, graduates and teachers’ perceptions of the learning assessment systems implemented. A validated questionnaire was used, with a Likert type scale. ANOVA was carried out by SPSS.V20. 0. The results indicate that in most of the questionnaire items there are significant differences between the opinion of the group of teachers and the groups of students and graduates. In just one item (as to whether they used oral exams) the differences show between the group of students and the groups of teachers and graduates. In four items (If formative assessment processes were used; if results and the doubts about the examinations and assessment activities were commented on; If the final score was the sum of ratings of the partial tests previously carried out; If teacher’s marks were justified) the results show significant differences between all groups. The results can be extrapolated to other cases with similar features.
Foreign Exchange Risk Management by Swedish and Korean Non-Financial Firms: A Comparative Survey

This study compares the hedging practices of Swedish and Korean non-financial firms. Our findings suggest that the aim of hedging differed between firms in the two countries. Korean firms mostly focused on reducing fluctuations in cash flows, while Swedish firms more commonly emphasized reducing fluctuations of accounting numbers. The proportion of firms that used derivatives was significantly lower in the Korean than in the Swedish sample, a finding that may stem from the relative immaturity of the Korean derivatives markets. The evidence suggests that Korean firms hedged as much as Swedish firms, but substituted foreign debt for derivatives. Furthermore, Korean firms appeared to be less rigorous than Swedish firms in overseeing risk management activity. Finally, a large proportion of firms in both countries used a profit-based approach to evaluating the risk management function.
The MISO Wiretap Channel with Noisy Main Channel Estimation in the High Power Regime

We improve upon our previous upper bound on the secrecy capacity of the wiretap channel with multiple transmit antennas and single-antenna receivers, with noisy main channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter (CSI-T). Specifically, we show that if the main CSI error does not scale with the power budget at the transmitter $\bar{P}$, then the secrecy capacity is bounded above essentially by $\log\log\left(\bar{P}\right)$ yielding a secure degree of freedom (sdof) equal to zero. However, if the main CSI error scales as $O\left(\bar{P}^{-\beta}\right)$, for $\beta \in [0,1]$, then the sdof is equal to $\beta$.
Effect of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in a Rat Model of Moderate Chronic Renal Failure - Focus on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Function/Renoprotection

Background/Aims: Chronic renal failure (CRF) patients develop anaemia, thus promoting cardiovascular complications, which seems to be favoured by the low kidney erythropoietin (EPO) production. The renal insufficiency degree might determine the moment to start recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) therapy. It has been attributed important non-hematopoietic effects to rhEPO, which might underlie cardio and renoprotection. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of rhEPO in a rat model of moderate CRF, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress and function/renoprotection. Methods: Four groups (n=7) of male Wistar rats were evaluated during a 15 week follow-up period: control (without treatment); rhEPO (50 IU/Kg/wk Recormon ® ); CRF and CRF+rhEPO. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and 3, 9 and 12 weeks afternephrectomy, in order to evaluate: renal function, haematological parameters, iron metabolism and serum proliferative (TGF-￻ 1), inflammatory (TNF-￻ , CRP, IL-2 and IL-1￻ ) and redox status (MDA, TAS and 3-NT) markers. Kidney gene expression of Il2, Vegf, Nos2 and Nos3 were assessed by real-time PCR. Blood pressure, heart rate and tissues trophy indexes were also estimated. Results: Our data are consistent with a sustained moderate degree of CRF with development of moderate and corrected anaemia and hypertension. The remnant kidney showed a proliferative profile, with increased mass (hypertrophism), upregulated tissue Vegf gene expression, accompanied by increased levels of serum TGF-￻ 1. Serum 3-NT was augmented, suggesting oxidative stress, which was accompanied by a trend to higher kidney Nos gene expression of both isoforms. rhEPO treatment was able to partially attenuate renal function markers, totally correct anaemia, also demonstrating a proliferative and antioxidant action, suggesting renoprotection. Conclusion: This study suggests that rhEPO therapy might be recommended in moderate CRF stages in order to efficiently correct not only the anaemia but also the underlying deleterious mechanisms, due to a proliferative and antioxidant action on the remnant kidney.
Natural killer cell behavior in lymph nodes revealed by static and real-time imaging

Natural killer (NK) cells promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation and influence T cell differentiation in vitro. To better understand the nature of the putative interactions among these cells in vivo during the early phases of an adaptive immune response, we have used immunohistochemical analysis and dynamic intravital imaging to study NK cell localization and behavior in lymph nodes (LNs) in the steady state and shortly after infection with Leishmania major. In the LNs of naive mice, NK cells reside in the medulla and the paracortex, where they closely associate with DCs. In contrast to T cells, intravital microscopy revealed that NK cells in the superficial regions of LNs were slowly motile and maintained their interactions with DCs over extended times in the presence or absence of immune-activating signals. L. major induced NK cells to secrete interferon-γ and to be recruited to the paracortex, where concomitant CD4 T cell activation occurred. Therefore, NK cells form a reactive but low mobile network in a strategic area of the LN where they can receive inflammatory signals, interact with DCs, and regulate colocalized T cell responses.
Functional programming in C++

This paper describes FC++: a rich library supporting functional programming in C++. Prior approaches to encoding higher order functions in C++ have suffered with respect to polymorphic functions from either lack of expressiveness or high complexity. In contrast, FC++ offers full and concise support for higher-order polymorphic functions through a novel use of C++ type inference.Another new element in FC++ is that it implements a subtype polymorphism policy for functions, in addition to the more common parametric polymorphism facilities. Subtype polymorphism is common in object oriented languages and ensures that functions in FC++ fit well within the C++ object model.Apart from these conceptual differences, FC++ is also an improvement in technical terms over previous efforts in the literature. Our function objects are reference-counted and can be aliased without needing to be copied, resulting in an efficient implementation. The reference-counting mechanism is also exported to the user as a general-purpose replacement of native C++ pointers. Finally, we supply a number of useful functional operators (a large part of the Haskell Standard Prelude) to facilitate programming with FC++. The end result is a library that is usable and efficient, while requiring no extensions to the base C++ language.
Sex Differences in Occupational Values: Implications for Reducing Sex Bias.

ABSTRACT Restarch,on career development has shown sex. differeides in patterns of occupationakchoices and labor force participation. Test takers of cantor interest inventories and occupationil tests say perceive adult roles differently if they are male or.feeile; thus, these perceptions are critical to any attespt to rodeos sett bias in testing. High school students (1=600) rated, the ipportence of several values on their choice of an occupation, that, decision to marry, and the decision td.becOse a parent. Both males and females agreed on the isportance of high imcbte, job,security and asisure. opportunities as components of an ideal job. For Jostles, the addition of a prestige.value suggested a belief in the ,prestige of ,ifor4ing. For sales, prestige was related to leadership and working in a field of interest. Results showed that high school students perceived the adult world differently". Career choices by women tended to.be linited by past experience or expectation; weer choices made by sea did not consider values related to other adult roles in marriage and parenthood. The findings Suggest that these diffiarendes sal affect the construct validity of tests and therefor4 should be taken into consideration by counselOrs. (JAC)
Urinary Melatonin Levels and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the Nurses' Health Study Cohort

Background: Melatonin seems to play a role in breast cancer etiology, but data addressing the association between melatonin levels and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is sparse. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in the Nurses' Health Study cohort. First spot morning urine was collected from 18,643 cancer-free women from March 2000 through December 2002. The concentration of the major metabolite of melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), was available for 357 postmenopausal women who developed incident breast cancer through May 31, 2006, along with 533 matched control subjects. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression models to investigate associations. All statistical tests were two sided. Results: An increased concentration of urinary aMT6s was statistically significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile of morning urinary aMT6s, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.95; Ptrend = 0.004). There was no apparent modification of risk by hormone receptor status of breast tumors, age, body mass index, or smoking status. Conclusion: Results from this prospective study add substantially to the growing literature that supports an inverse association between melatonin levels and breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):74–9)
Atrophy of mesial structures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Cause or consequence of repeated seizures?

We studied 70 epileptic patients by using magnetic resonance imaging volumetric measurements of amygdala (AM) and hippocampal formation (HF). Fifty patients presented with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 10 patients had focal extratemporal lobe epilepsy, and 10 had generalized epilepsy. In 91% of the 45 TLE patients without foreign tissue lesions, there was significant smallness of the AM and/or HF coinciding with the side of electroencephalographic seizure onset. No significant smallness or asymmetry was demonstrated in patients with focal extratemporal or generalized epilepsy. We performed a linear regression analysis, plotting the number of years of recurrent seizures and the estimated seizure frequency against the volumes of the AM and HF. There was no correlation between either of these two parameters and AM or HF volume (p > 0.9). There was also no correlation between the patient's age and volumetric measurements of AM or HF, nor did these measurements correlate with the occurrence of generalized seizures. On the other hand, patients with antecedent prolonged febrile convulsions in early childhood had significantly smaller AM and HF, compared with those without such a history (p < 0.001). The findings indicate that repeated seizures or longer duration of epilepsy do not cause increased atrophy of AM or HF that is measurable by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging.
The Architecture of Human Acetylcholinesterase Active Center Probed by Interactions with Selected Organophosphate Inhibitors

The role of the functional architecture of human acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) active center in facilitating reactions with organophosphorus inhibitors was examined by a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic studies of phosphorylation with organophosphates differing in size of their alkoxy substituents and in the nature of the leaving group. Replacements of residues Phe-295 and Phe-297, constituting the HuAChE acyl pocket, increase up to 80-fold the reactivity of the enzymes toward diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, diethyl phosphorofluoridate, and p-nitrophenyl diethyl phosphate (paraoxon), indicating the role of this subsite in accommodating the phosphate alkoxy substituent. On the other hand, a decrease of up to 160-fold in reactivity was observed for enzymes carrying replacements of residues Tyr-133, Glu-202, and Glu-450, which are constituents of the hydrogen bond network in the HuAChE active center, which maintains its unique functional architecture. Replacement of residues Trp-86, Tyr-337, and Phe-338 in the alkoxy pocket affected reactivity toward diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and paraoxon, but to a lesser extent that toward diethyl phosphorofluoridate, indicating that both the alkoxy substituent and the p-nitrophenoxy leaving group interact with this subsite. In all cases the effects on reactivity toward organophosphates, demonstrated in up to 10,000-fold differences in the values of bimolecular rate constants, were mainly a result of altered affinity of the HuAChE mutants, while the apparent first order rate constants of phosphorylation varied within a narrow range. This finding indicates that the main role of the functional architecture of HuAChE active center in phosphorylation is to facilitate the formation of enzyme-inhibitor Michaelis complexes and that this affinity, rather than the nucleophilic activity of the enzyme catalytic machinery, is a major determinant of HuAChE reactivity toward organophosphates.
Assessment of heavy metals pollution in water and sediments and their effect on Oreochromis niloticus in the northern Delta Lakes, Egypt.

The concentrations of heavy metals including Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Cadmium and Lead (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Pb) in water and sediments in northern Delta Lakes (Edku, Borollus and Manzala) and their accumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) organs (muscle, gills and liver) were investigated. Water, sediments and fish organs from Lake Manzala showed greater concentrations of most of the studied metals than those from Lake Edku and Lake Borollus. Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb (in Lake Manzala) and Mn and Pb in Lake Borollus recorded levels above the international permissible limits in water. In sediment samples Mn (in Lake Edku) and Cd (in Lake Manzala) recorded higher values than the sediment quality guidelines. Gills and Liver of O. niloticus contained the highest concentration of most the detected heavy metals, while muscles appeared to be the last preferred site for the bioaccumulation of metals. The edible part of O. niloticus showed higher levels of Cd (in Lake Edku and Manzala) and Pb (in Lake Manzala). Nile tilapia caught from these two Lakes may pose health hazards for consumers.