Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing views and perceptions: the impact of the Australian Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program on students

ABSTRACT The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program has been delivered at 2 prisons in Victoria, Australia, Dame Phyllis Frost Centre and Marngoneet Correctional Centre, since 2015. Selected university (outside) students and prisoners (inside) engage in a collaborative learning environment, studying Comparative Criminal Justice Systems. Students critique complex criminal justice material and undertake university standard assessments. The programme was evaluated through pre-test and post-test surveys and focus groups. This paper outlines this evaluation, including the similarities and differences between inside and outside students’ experience, their knowledge of the criminal justice system, the stereotypes and the values, and challenges of the Inside-Out programme. Student views of the criminal justice system and each other were challenged and changed, often in unexpected ways. The knowledge from this evaluation will contribute to the improvement of Inside-Out processes and outcomes, nationally and internationally.
Random Search for Hyper-Parameter Optimization

Grid search and manual search are the most widely used strategies for hyper-parameter optimization. This paper shows empirically and theoretically that randomly chosen trials are more efficient for hyper-parameter optimization than trials on a grid. Empirical evidence comes from a comparison with a large previous study that used grid search and manual search to configure neural networks and deep belief networks. Compared with neural networks configured by a pure grid search, we find that random search over the same domain is able to find models that are as good or better within a small fraction of the computation time. Granting random search the same computational budget, random search finds better models by effectively searching a larger, less promising configuration space. Compared with deep belief networks configured by a thoughtful combination of manual search and grid search, purely random search over the same 32-dimensional configuration space found statistically equal performance on four of seven data sets, and superior performance on one of seven. A Gaussian process analysis of the function from hyper-parameters to validation set performance reveals that for most data sets only a few of the hyper-parameters really matter, but that different hyper-parameters are important on different data sets. This phenomenon makes grid search a poor choice for configuring algorithms for new data sets. Our analysis casts some light on why recent "High Throughput" methods achieve surprising success--they appear to search through a large number of hyper-parameters because most hyper-parameters do not matter much. We anticipate that growing interest in large hierarchical models will place an increasing burden on techniques for hyper-parameter optimization; this work shows that random search is a natural baseline against which to judge progress in the development of adaptive (sequential) hyper-parameter optimization algorithms.
Mutations in the "dynein regulatory complex" alter the ATP-insensitive binding sites for inner arm dyneins in Chlamydomonas axonemes

To understand mechanisms of regulation of dynein activity along and around the axoneme we further characterized the "dynein regulatory complex" (drc). The lack of some axonemal proteins, which together are referred to as drc, causes the suppression of flagellar paralysis of radial spoke and central pair mutants. The drc is also an adapter involved in the ATP-insensitive binding of I2 and I3 inner dynein arms to doublet microtubules. Evidence supporting these conclusions was obtained through analyses of five drc mutants: pf2, pf3, suppf3, suppf4, and suppf5. Axonemes from drc mutants lack part of I2 and I3 inner dynein arms as well as subsets of seven drc components (apparent molecular weight from 29,000 to 192,000). In the absence of ATP-Mg, dynein-depleted axonemes from the same mutants bind I2 and I3 inner arms at both ATP-sensitive and -insensitive sites. At ATP-insensitive sites, they bind I2 and I3 inner arms to an extent that depends on the drc defect. This evidence suggested to us that the drc forms one binding site for the I2 and I3 inner arms on the A part of doublet microtubules.
Capacity analysis of an uplink synchronized multicarrier DS-CDMA system

An uplink synchronous transmission scheme has been proposed for DS-CDMA systems to increase the uplink capacity through transmission timing control and a proper code usage. Since the scheme suppresses the interference along the first paths of other users, it can achieve a significant capacity increase when combined with a multicarrier (MC) technique. This article mathematically compares the proposed uplink synchronized MC DS-CDMA system with conventional DS-CDMA and MC DS-CDMA systems in terms of the maximum number of users.
How to assess toxin ingestion and post-ingestion partitioning in zooplankton?

Algal toxins can have severe impacts on marine and aquatic ecosystems and often bioaccumulate through the food chain. One of the major obstacles facing research in this area is the lack of standardized and realistic techniques with which to probe algal-grazer interactions. Here we present a synopsis on current and innovative techniques which can be used to monitor the ambient concentration and fate of algal toxins in grazers and determine their eventual target within the grazers' tissues. We focus on a newly recognized class of oxylipin toxins (volatile polyunsaturated aldehydes and oxo-acids), which have been identified from lipid-rich microalgae. While some workers have reported that these biotoxins have negative effects on fecundity and recruitment of metazoan grazers, this mechanism is currently under debate as a result of conflicting evidence. We argue that the use of a variety of non-standard and often invalid or unrealistic assays has confounded our ability to scrutinize this mechanism systematically.
Parental post-traumatic reactions after premature birth: implications for sleeping and eating problems in the infant

Background: Progress in perinatal medicine has made it possible to increase the survival of very or extremely low birthweight infants. Developmental outcomes of surviving preterm infants have been analysed at the paediatric, neurological, cognitive, and behavioural levels, and a series of perinatal and environmental risk factors have been identified. The threat to the child’s survival and invasive medical procedures can be very traumatic for the parents. Few empirical reports have considered post-traumatic stress reactions of the parents as a possible variable affecting a child’s outcome. Some studies have described sleeping and eating problems as related to prematurity; these problems are especially critical for the parents. Objective: To examine the effects of post-traumatic reactions of the parents on sleeping and eating problems of the children. Design: Fifty families with a premature infant (25–33 gestation weeks) and a control group of 25 families with a full term infant participated in the study. Perinatal risks were evaluated during the hospital stay. Mothers and fathers were interviewed when their children were 18 months old about the child’s problems and filled in a perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire (PPQ). Results: The severity of the perinatal risks only partly predicts a child’s problems. Independently of the perinatal risks, the intensity of the post-traumatic reactions of the parents is an important predictor of these problems. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the parental response to premature birth mediates the risks of later adverse outcomes. Preventive intervention should be promoted.
Kinetic model framework for aerosol and cloud surface chemistry and gas-particle interactions: Part 2 ? exemplary practical applications and numerical simulations

A kinetic model framework with consistent and unambiguous terminology and universally applicable rate equations and parameters for aerosol and cloud surface chemistry and gas-particle interactions has been presented in the preceding companion paper by Poschl, Rudich and Ammann (Poschl et al., 2007), abbreviated PRA. It allows to describe mass transport and chemical reaction at the gas-particle interface and to link aerosol and cloud surface processes with gas phase and particle bulk processes. Here we present multiple exemplary model systems and calculations illustrating how the general mass balance and rate equations of the PRA framework can be easily reduced to compact sets of equations which enable a mechanistic description of time and concentration dependencies of trace gas uptake and particle composition in systems with one or more chemical components and physicochemical processes. Time-dependent model scenarios show the effects of reversible adsorption, surface-bulk transport, and chemical aging on the temporal evolution of trace gas uptake by solid particles and solubility saturation of liquid particles. They demonstrate how the transformation of particles and the variation of trace gas accommodation and uptake coefficients by orders of magnitude over time scales of microseconds to days can be explained and predicted from the initial composition and basic kinetic parameters of model systems by iterative calculations using standard spreadsheet programs. Moreover, they show how apparently inconsistent experimental data sets obtained with different techniques and on different time scales can be efficiently linked and mechanistically explained by application of consistent model formalisms and terminologies within the PRA framework. Steady-state model scenarios illustrate characteristic effects of gas phase composition and basic kinetic parameters on the rates of mass transport and chemical reactions. They demonstrate how adsorption and surface saturation effects can explain non-linear gas phase concentration dependencies of surface and bulk accommodation coefficients, uptake coefficients, and bulk solubilities (deviations from Henry's law). Such effects are expected to play an important role in many real atmospheric aerosol and cloud systems involving a wide range of organic and inorganic components of concentrated aqueous and organic solution droplets, ice crystals, and other crystalline or amorphous solid particles.
Colour perception in Autism Spectrum Condition and Williams Syndrome

Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) and Williams syndrome (WS) are neurodevelopmental conditions associated with socio-communicative deficits. Also, present in both conditions are sensory sensitivities and reactivities. In ASC extreme sensory reactivity/sensitivities in one or more of any sensory domain have recently been recognised as new diagnostic criteria in DSM-V. Whilst in WS there are reported visuo-spatial and auditory atypicalities. There is increasing importance in identifying both the typical and atypical development of sensory processing, as well as establishing condition-specific and condition-general aspects of sensory processing. Traditionally sensory processing has been studied using a cross-sectional design using either psychophysical tasks or behavioural questionnaires. However little work has attempted to link between these different methodologies resulting in a disconnected study of sensory processing in both typical and atypical development. Colour perception is useful domain to study sensory processing because it can be characterised through psychophysical/cognitive tasks and behavioural questionnaires. Colour perception is also relatively understudied in both ASC and WS despite anecdotal reports of behaviour being influenced by colour. The present research aims to investigate colour perception in ASC and WS relative to mental age typically developing (TD) controls using the same participants across a combination of psychophysical (chromatic discrimination chapter 3), cognitive (chapters 4 and 5, colour preference and naming), questionnaire (chapter 6) and case studies (chapter 7) methodologies to establish a rounded representation of colour perception in ASC and WS through using these mixed methodologies. The results show condition specific atypicalities across all tasks relative to TD controls. For the ASC group, there was poorer chromatic discrimination, different colour preference patterns and increased frequency of colour affected behaviours. Whilst the WS group showed less pronounced colour preference patterns and atypical colour naming. The differences in results between different measurements of colour perception and condition-specific responses between the ASC and WS suggest that sensory processing is not a homogenous concept but should be considered in relation to the measurements chosen. The results are discussed within the context of diagnostic criteria, approaches to studying sensory processing and syndromespecificity.
The Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Consolidation in Dynamic General Equilibrium

We provide a systematic analysis of fiscal consolidation in a medium-scale dynamic general equilibrium model. Our results show that the choice of the consolidation instrument is very important, not only with respect to the short- and long-run output effects of the different consolidation strategies, but also regarding the welfare effects and the distributional consequences. Moreover, we show that these aspects become even more important if fiscal consolidation has to be conducted at a binding zero lower bound on nominal interest rates because in this case the negative short-run output costs increase. Our comprehensive analysis of the transmission channels of various fiscal consolidation measures shows that in particular the presence of credit-constrained households who cannot smooth consumption has a large impact on the overall output and welfare effects of fiscal consolidation. Further, it turns out to be important whether a fiscal instrument directly affects private production factors negatively as it is the case for consolidation via government investment and taxes on labor and capital. In these cases the short-run output contraction is large and persistent because either the private or the public capital stock decreases. By contrast, for a consolidation via government consumption, transfers or the consumption tax rate, output recovers much faster.
Attachment Theory as a Framework for Supervision of Supervisors-in-Training

This focus of the study is on the training of new clinical supervisors in health service psychology, specifically the relational processes involved in learning and acquiring competence in clinical supervision. An effective learning environment is critical to supervisor training and development (Borders et al., 2014;Watkins, Budge, & Callahan, 2015) and attachment theory provides a framework for understanding the complex relationship domains and group dynamics inherent to group supervision. Given the recognition that the supervisory alliance is central to the process of competent supervision (APA, 2015), the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between adult attachment style, the supervisory alliance, and group cohesion among intern supervisors in group supervision of supervision. This is particularly important due to limited research and understanding of the development of clinical supervisors and processes and factors that may impact competent training and practice. The current investigation draws on the relevant research on supervision of psychotherapy, small group dynamics, and attachment theory as a scaffold for understanding group supervision of supervision and supervisor training and development. Participants in the study (n = 45) consisted of pre-doctoral interns in Health Service Psychology throughout North America who are providing supervision to a counselor trainee and are participating in weekly group supervision of supervision to
The Effect of Project-Based Learning on Student Teacher Self-efficacy and Achievement

The study aimed to investigate the effects of project-based learning on student teacher self-efficacy and achievement. This study used a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test control groups. The study sample consisted of 79 students, 42 in the control group and 37 in the experimental group. To collect data, two instruments were used: Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale and Academic Achievement Test. The results showed that statistically significant differences between experimental and control group in self-efficacy and achievement score due to the Project–Based Learning in favor of the experimental group. Based on the results, the researchers recommended adopting the Project– Based Learning in teaching and learning situations, besides conducting more studies to verify the use of Project –Based Learning versus traditional methods in Arab countries.
Expected link life time analysis in MANET under Manhattan grid mobility model

Since multi-hop mobile ad hoc network (MANET) contains a set of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network, the topology is strongly influenced by the node mobility models. Numerous mobility models have been presented, including the Random Waypoint Mobility Model (RWMM), Manhattan Grid Mobility Model (MGMM), Freeway Mobility Model (FMM), and so on. In MGMM, the trajectories of mobile nodes are confined to a grid topology. MGMM is an important mobility model, and numerous objects following MGMM can be enumerated, such as the movement of cars in the city, the movement of people though department stores etc. The expected link life time (ELLT) is an important performance parameter in MANET. When a node wishes to transmit information to the other node directly, these two nodes must be within each other's transmission range for a period of time. This period is called the link life time (LLT). The ELLT is the expected value of LLT. The goal of this work largely focuses on identifying the ELLT of the MANET under MGMM by using mathematical analysis. Based on our observation, two nodes involved in constructing a connection under MGMM can be classified into three independent cases: namely parallel with opposite directions, parallel with same directions, and vertical cases. These three cases can be formulated independently. To verify these formulations numerous simulations are done by ns2, and the theoretical and simulation results are well matched.
Fan homecoming: analyzing the role of place in long-term fandom of The Prisoner

ABSTRACT This article investigates the potential role and use of place in long-term fandom, via a case study of fans of The Prisoner and its main filming location of Portmeirion in North Wales. Much research on film tourism focuses on one-time encounters, but fans of The Prisoner have been visiting and revisiting Portmeirion regularly for over 50 years, potentially developing a different sort of relationship with it. Based on interviews with 16 long-term fans of The Prisoner and participatory observation on site, we develop the concept of the “fan homecoming,” a return visit to a familiar fandom-related place, and show how this relationship with place can shape long-term fandom. In facilitating repeated and ritualized practices, being able to regularly gather with other fans, and providing a “safe vault” for the fandom and its memories, place is shown to have an integral role.
Finding Item-Level Causes of Differential Item Functioning: A Hierarchical IRT Model for Explaining DIF

This research explored the effectiveness of using a hierarchical 2-PL item response theory (IRT) model to explain differential item functioning (DIF) according to item-level features. Explaining DIF in terms of variance attributable to construct-irrelevant item-level features would allow testing programs to improve item writing and item review processes to account for the features shown to predict DIF. Whereas previous research in this area has used classical test theory for scaling and logistic regression for DIF detection, this study explained DIF in terms of a hierarchical IRT model. Latent trait models are more widely used in operational testing programs; additionally, simultaneous estimation allows uncertainty in parameter estimates to be considered during the estimation of item-level features’ relationship with DIF and is more parsimonious than a two-stage model. This simulation study assessed the parameter recovery and stability of the proposed model across 36 different conditions created by varying four parameters: the strength of the correlation between the amount of DIF and the item-level features, the proportion of examinees in the reference group, and the mean and mixture probability of the mixture distribution used to sample items’ DIF. The model successfully recovered person and item parameters, differences in groups’ mean ability, and the relationship between the amount of DIF observed in an item and the presence of DIF-related item-level features. Model performance varied according to the values of the four parameters used to create conditions, especially the proportion of examinees in the reference group, which exhibited meaningful effect sizes in ANOVAs used to assess the parameters’ impact on MSE and affected the model’s power to detect DIF. When there were equal numbers of examinees in the reference and focal groups, the power to detect DIF increased, but at the expense of higher false positive rates and poorer precision. HIERARCHICAL IRT – DIF iv
The Effect of Sport-Specific High Intensity Interval Training on Ghrelin Levels and Body Composition in Youth Wrestlers

Background. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) may affect Acylated Ghrelin (AG) through changes in body composition. Objectives. The present study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of two different orders of wrestling-based HIIT on AG levels and body composition in highly trained wrestlers. Methods. Forty-two male wrestlers (aged 16–21 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: HIIT23 (2 sets of 3 min wrestling techniques; by 80-90% HRmax); HIIT32 (3 sets of 2 min wrestling techniques; by 90-100% HRmax); and a control group that performed routine wrestling exercises. HIIT protocol consisted of eight techniques which were performed three days/week for eight weeks. Body composition and total plasma AG were measured 48 h before and after the protocol. Results. Body fat percentage (p<0.01) and weight (p<0.05) were significantly decreased in the HIIT groups from preto post-test. There was also a significant decrease in body fat percentage of both HIIT groups compared to the control group (p=0.002). Although a significant increase in post-test AG was observed in all the groups, AG levels in HIIT groups were approximately twofold higher than control group (p<0.01). Conclusion. It seems that eight weeks of wrestling-based HIIT can cause to significant decreases in body fat percentage and weight which is related to increase in total levels of plasma AG in highly trained wrestlers.