Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transformation-Dependent Silencing of Tumor-Selective Apoptosis-Inducing TRAIL by DNA Hypermethylation Is Antagonized by Decitabine

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) kills tumor cells selectively. We asked how emerging tumor cells escape elimination by TRAIL and how tumor-specific killing by TRAIL could then be restored. We found that TRAIL expression is consistently downregulated in HRASG12V-transformed cells in stepwise tumorigenesis models derived from four different tissues due to DNA hypermethylation of CpG clusters within the TRAIL promoter. Decitabine de-silenced TRAIL, which remained inducible by interferon, while induction of TRAIL by blocking the HRASG12V-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was subordinated to epigenetic silencing. Decitabine induced apoptosis through upregulation of endogenous TRAIL in cooperation with favorable regulation of key players acting in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Apoptosis induction by exogenously added TRAIL was largely increased by decitabine. In vivo treatment of xenografted human HRASG12V-transformed human epithelial kidney or syngenic mice tumors by decitabine blocked tumor growth induced TRAIL expression and apoptosis. Our results emphasize the potential of decitabine to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in tumors and thus provide a rationale for combination therapies with decitabine to increase tumor-selective apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(9); 1611–23. ©2011 AACR.
Quasi-stationary distributions for Lévy processes

In recent years there has been some focus in work by Bertoin, Chaumont and Doney on the behaviour of one-dimensional Levy processes and random walks conditioned to stay positive. The resulting conditioned process is transient. In earlier literature, however, one encounters for special classes of random walks and Levy processes a similar, but nonetheless different, type of asymptotic conditioning to stay positive which results in a limiting quasi-stationary distribution. We extend this theme into the general setting of a Levy process fulfilling certain types of conditions which are analogues of known classes in the random walk literature. Our results generalize those of E.K. Kyprianou for special types of one-sided compound Poisson processes with drift and of Martinez and San Martin for Brownian motion with drift, and complement the results due to Iglehart, Doney, and Bertoin and Doney for random walks.
Effect of diet on experimental pancreatitis in rat.

In order to study the effect of diet on the incidence of experimental pancreatitis, ligation of the common bile duct was carried out in 179 rats which had been fed on six different types of diet for 4 to 6 months. The highest mortality rate and most marked histologic changes of the pancreas were observed in the group of high protein diet. It was assumed that the reactive pattern of the pancreas might be influenced by dietary composition.
Happily hopeless: adaptation to a permanent, but not to a temporary, disability.

OBJECTIVE The authors tracked patients with either irreversible or reversible colostomies over a 6-month period, beginning a week after the procedure, to examine how they adapted hedonically over time. Based on prior research and theorizing, the authors hypothesized that, paradoxically, those with irreversible colostomies would adapt more fully, and become happier, than would those with colostomies that were potentially reversible. DESIGN The authors contacted 107 patients who had recently received either a colostomy or ileostomy. The initial interviews were conducted while patients were still in the hospital recovering from their surgery. Consenting participants were mailed surveys at three time points: 1 week after release from the hospital, 1 month after release, and 6 months after release. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The surveys included measures of life satisfaction and perceived quality of life. RESULTS As predicted, overall life satisfaction and quality of life increased with time for patients with permanent, but not temporary, ostomies. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that knowing an adverse situation is temporary can interfere with adaptation, leading to a paradoxical situation in which people who are better off objectively are worse off subjectively.
The Effect of Common Currencies on International Trade: A Meta-Analysis

Nineteen recent studies have investigated the effect of currency union on trade, resulting in 383 point estimates of the effect. This paper is a quantitative attempt to summarize the current state of debate; meta-analysis is used to combine the disparate estimates. The chief findings are that: a) the hypothesis that there is no effect of currency union on trade can be rejected at standard significance levels; b) the combined estimate implies that currency union approximately doubles trade; and c) the estimates are heterogeneous and not consistently tied to features of the studies. JEL Classification Number: F34
Morphosyntactic Features of Lithuanian Adjective Acquisition

This paper investigates morphosyntactic (agreement) features of Lithuanian adjective acquisition. Although some researchers of Lithuanian language development have dealt with the acquisition of morphology (Balčiūnienė 2005a, 2005b; Savickienė 2000, 2003, 2006a, 2006b, 2007; Savickienė et al. 2009; Wójcik 2000; Wójcik & Smoczyńska 1997), this study is the first attempt to describe the emergence of morphosyntactic features of adjectives. Analyzing the acquisition of adjectives is a rather new and interesting endeavor, whereas the acquisition of more frequent parts of speech, such as nouns and verbs, has been a favorite area of many Lithuanian and non-Lithuanian scholars. Meanwhile, word classes that modify meaning of other words, as a rule, are not analyzed so extensively. This is due to the fact that it is much more difficult to analyze the acquisition of modifying words as they are used less frequently than words performing other functions. Consequently, any analysis of adjectives will require more linguistic data. This study of the acquisition of Lithuanian adjectives is based on a large quantity of linguistic data (i.e. the corpus of four children) compiled according to the method of longitudinal observation.
The Effect of Applicant Impression Management Tactics on Hiring Recommendations: Cognitive and Affective Processes

The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether applicants' impression management (IM) tactics indirectly influence hiring recommendations through cognitive mechanisms (i.e. recruiters' perceptions of person–organisation [P–O] fit, person–job [P–J] fit, and person–recruiter [P–R] fit) or affective mechanisms (i.e. recruiters' positive mood) during authentic employment interviews for actual job openings. Participants consisted of 221 applicant–recruiter dyads from 50 companies in Taiwan. The results demonstrated that applicants' self-focused IM tactics are positively related to recruiter perceptions of P–J fit, which in turn influence hiring recommendations. In addition, applicant other-focused IM tactics affect hiring recommendations through recruiters' perceptions of P–O fit. Moreover, applicants' non-verbal IM tactics were positively related to recruiters' positive mood, which in turn affected recruiters' perceptions of P–J fit and P–O fit, thereby affecting hiring recommendations.
Bilingual lexical processing: Exploring the cognate/non-cognate distinction

Abstract Three experiments examine whether the differential sensitivity to priming found for cognate and non-cognate translations in the masked primed lexical decision task is also apparent in other tasks. Experiments 1 and 3 employed tasks which specifically require the use of lexical information (i.e. a semantic categoxisation task and a cued translation task) and both produced results complementary to those found for lexical decision. The second experiment used a repetition blindness task which does not include a linpistic component. Although it has been argued that the repetition blindness and masked priming tasks tap a similar process (Kanwisher, 1987). the repetition blindness task did not show a cognate effect. This was taken to suggest that it taps a level different from that tapped in the masked priming task.
Friends or foes? Migrants and sub-state nationalists in Europe

ABSTRACT How do sub-state nationalists respond to the growing presence of cultural diversity in their ‘homelands’ resulting from migration? Sub-state nationalists in Europe, in ‘nations without states’ such as Catalonia and Scotland, have been challenging the traditional nation-state model for many decades. While the arguments in favour of autonomy or independence levelled by these movements have become more complex, sub-state nationalist movements remain grounded by their perceived national community that is distinct from the majority nation. Migration to the ‘homeland’ of a sub-state nation, then, presents a conundrum for sub-state elites that we label the ‘legitimation paradox’: too much internal diversity may undermine the claim to cultural distinctiveness. We engage with three common intervening variables thought to influence how sub-state nationalists confront the ‘legitimation paradox’: civic/ethnic nationalism, degree of political autonomy, and party competition. Our overarching argument is that none of these factors have a unidirectional or determinate effect on the sub-state nationalism-immigration nexus, which is why the nuanced case studies that comprise this Special Issue are worthwhile endeavours.
The influence of age on guilt expression in major depression

To test the hypothesis, based on clinical observation, that older depressed patients express less guilt than younger ones, the authors evaluated 39 patients with major depression aged 55 years or older (mean = 67.0) and compared them to 38 depressed patients under age 55 (mean = 35.4). The results were generally in accord with the hypothesis. On observer ratings (Hamilton Depression Scale), however, it was primarily older men who expressed guilt less frequently than younger men (p = 0.01). On self‐ratings (Beck Depression Inventory), the significant differences were among women; older women employed milder expressions of guilt (p = 0.02) and fewer expressions of feelings of failure than younger women (p = 0.025). These findings suggest that age may influence the expression of guilt in patients with major depressive disorder, and that the age effect may differ in the two sexes.
Closely Observed Training: an exploration of links between social structures, training and identity

ABSTRACT This paper suggests that, while there is a wealth of work on the economic benefits of training, relatively little attention is being given to relationships between vocational training and broader social structures and trends. The focus here is on social processes within vocational training. The paper is based on ethnographic research into training for employment in the field of institutional care. This study documented dramatic adjustments in young people's attitudes towards work which occurred in the course of training. The paper explores ways in which training contributed to these adjustments. Two fundamental inter‐related processes are identified, which may also have wider relevance: screening for social and cultural attributes and discipline. The analysis of the discipline of training draws upon the work of Foucault in order to highlight the importance of current trends towards increased ‘surveillance’ and accountability at work. Through such processes, it is suggested, training may both serv.
Longitudinal Study of Child Face Recognition

We present a longitudinal study of face recognition performance on Children Longitudinal Face (CLF) dataset containing 3,682 face images of 919 subjects, in the age group [2,18] years. Each subject has at least four face images acquired over a time span of up to six years. Face comparison scores are obtained from (i) a state-of-the-art COTS matcher (COTS-A), (ii) an open-source matcher (FaceNet), and (iii) a simple sum fusion of scores obtained from COTSA and FaceNet matchers. To improve the performance of the open-source FaceNet matcher for child face recognition, we were able to fine-tune it on an independent training set of 3,294 face images of 1,119 children in the age group [3,18] years. Multilevel statistical models are fit to genuine comparison scores from the CLF dataset to determine the decrease in face recognition accuracy over time. Additionally, we analyze both the verification and open-set identification accuracies in order to evaluate state-of-the-art face recognition technology for tracing and identifying children lost at a young age as victims of child trafficking or abduction.
Teacher Burnout: Assumptions, Myths, and Issues

In the last ten to fifteen years vast numbers of people, especially in the human services, have embraced the concept of “burnout” and integrated it within their collective self-image as workers. This is particularly true of teachers. The word “teacher” modifies the word ‘*burnout” all too well. Teachers who become burned out may be less sympathetic toward students, may have a lower tolerance for frustration in the classroom, may plan for their classes lessoften or less carefully, may fantasize about or actually plan on leaving the profession, may feel frequently emotionally or physically exhausted, may feel anxious, irritable, depressed, and, in general, less committed anddedicated to their work.1 The emergence of teacher burnout as a troublesome educational issue comes, ironically, at a time when there is renewed interest in making teaching an inviting professional occupation for able and talented people. The recent national reports on education have called for a revitalization and improvement of the teaching profession, suggesting reforms in such areas as salary, preparation, teaching load, decision making, professional standards and accountability, and advancement opportunities. Implicitly, then, these reports recognis that too many teachers have become demoralized or burned out and that this trend has a significant impact on the recruitment, retention, and performance of teachers. Both the educational community and the public at large have shown enormous interest in the concept of teacher burnout. The causes, symptoms, and treatment of teacher burnout have. in recent years, been frequently described in popular magazines and professional journals. The National Education Association (NEA) made teacher burnout the central theme of its 1979 convention, and teacher trainers report that burnout is often the highest rated subject on needs-assessment measuresdesigned to identify major teacher concerns.2 Administrators have suggested that teacher burnout is the most
Habitat temperature is an important determinant of cholesterol contents in copepods

SUMMARY Effects of habitat and acclimation temperature on cholesterol contents were examined in oceanic and inshore species of copepods. The cholesterol content of five species of thermally acclimated copepods was determined, and nine species (representing six families) were sampled to assess the role of habitat temperature. The species selected have maximum habitat temperatures (and temperature tolerances) that vary at least twofold. Levels of dietary cholesterol required to achieve maximum growth were also studied at different acclimation temperatures in a eurythermal copepod. Both eggs and copepodites of Calanus finmarchicus had higher cholesterol levels at the warm acclimation temperature (16°C) than at the cooler temperature (6°C). Neither Acartia tonsa, Acartia hudsonica, Temora longicornis nor Eurytemora affinis altered cholesterol contents with acclimation temperature. Maximum growth rates were achieved at fourfold higher concentrations of dietary cholesterol in warm-acclimated Eurytemora affinis than in cold-acclimated animals. The most consistent trend is the positive relationship between cholesterol content and habitat temperature. Species residing in warmer habitats (e.g. Centropages typicus, Eurytemora affinis) had approximately twice the cholesterol of species living in colder waters (e.g. Calanus glacialis, Euchaeta norvegica). A similar pattern was observed for comparisons of species within genera (Calanus, Acartia and Centropages), with the species abundant at lower latitudes having more cholesterol than the northern congener. These data indicate that habitat temperature is an important determinant of cholesterol content, and cholesterol endows membranes with the stability required for a range of body temperatures.
THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURE OF EMOTIONS: A TRI-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF CORE AFFECT AND EMOTION CONCEPTS FOR SPORTS

This paper presents a theoretical approach to a new tri-dimensional model of core affect and emotion concepts. Former models (e.g., Russell, 1980) have placed specific emotion concepts along a circumplex model of core affect defined by two basic dimensions: Arousal, which ranges from high to low, and Valence, which varies from positive to negative. In order to cope with the problem of overlapping emotion concepts inside these models, a third dimension, namely Time Perspective, has been added. Using all three dimensions, it was possible to place 20 specific emotion concepts inside the tri-dimensional model. However, there are several considerations to be taken into account with this new model, such as the essence of core affect, the simplistic nature of the model and the way this model fits into current sport psychology literature. Overall, this model might not only offer a conceptual framework for future research, but it could also be a useful tool for applied sport psychology.
Increase of high-frequency (>150 hz) intracranial EEG activity during face perception in humans

We have analyzed high-frequency components of the intracranial EEG activity in response to visual stimuli in the occipital and temporal cortex of epileptic patients. Face perception in particular elicited modulations in the gamma band at frequency ranges up to 250 Hz. This study suggests that the response to complex visual stimuli extends well beyond the common frequency components usually studied in evoked potentials.
Information Dissemination via Network Coding

We study distributed algorithms, also known as gossip algorithms, for information dissemination in an arbitrary connected network of nodes. Distributed algorithms have applications to peer-to-peer, sensor, and ad hoc networks, in which nodes operate under limited computational, communication, and energy resources. These constraints naturally give rise to "gossip" algorithms: schemes in which nodes repeatedly communicate with randomly chosen neighbors, thus distributing the computational burden across all the nodes in the network and making the computation robust against node failures. Information dissemination based on network coding was introduced by Deb and Medard. They showed the virtue of coding by analyzing a coding algorithm for a complete graph. Although their scheme generalizes to arbitrary graphs, the analysis does not. We present analysis of this algorithm for arbitrary graphs. Specifically, we find that the information dissemination time is naturally related to the spectral properties of the underlying network graph. Our results provide insight into how the graph topology affects the performance of the coding-based information dissemination algorithm
Codependency's Relationship to Defining Characteristics in College Students

Abstract Evidence garnered by this study may help provide college counselors with a clinically useful model of codependency, informing their assessment and treatment planning of students who present with self-identified codependency characteristics. Specifically, codependence inclined students may exhibit tendencies toward self-defeating and covert patterns of narcissistic relating (e.g., rejection sensitivity, attachments to painful relationships, shame-proneness, caretaking to earn relationship). Additionally, this study raises the possibility that codependency might be as closely related to fears of intimacy and being hurt in relationship as it is related to a preoccupied concern over maintaining or controlling a security relationship. These results, together with the negative relationship between codependency and overt narcissism, lend preliminary support for Cermak's conceptualization of codependency as a complement to narcissism.
The Suicide Rate in Schizophrenia

Summary Three of 39 first-admission schizophrenics committed suicide during the 10 to 15 year follow-up period of a retrospective, case-register based inquiry. Schizophrenic patients often talk about and attempt suicide. However, there is little reliable knowledge about the clinical characteristics of those who are likely to kill themselves.
Predicting Training Success with General Mental Ability, Specific Ability Tests, and (Un)Structured Interviews: A Meta-Analysis with Unique Samples

Several meta-analyses combine an extensive amount of research concerned with predicting training success. General mental ability is regarded as the best predictor with specific abilities or tests explaining little additional variance. However, only few studies measured all predictors within one sample. Thus, intercorrelations were often estimated based on other studies. Moreover, new methods for correcting range restriction are now available. The present meta-analyses used samples derived from a German company in which applicants for different apprenticeships were tested with an intelligence structure test, specific ability tests as well as a structured and an unstructured interview. Therefore, intercorrelations between different assessment tools did not have to be estimated from other data. Results in the final examination, taking place at least 2 years after the original assessment, served as criterion variable. The dominant role of general mental ability was confirmed. However, specific abilities were identified that can be used as valuable additions. Job complexity moderated some of the relationships. Structured interviews were found to have good incremental validity over and above general mental ability. Unstructured interviews, on the other hand, performed poorly. Practical implications are discussed.