Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manifestations of Metabolic Syndrome After Hypertensive Pregnancy

Abstract—Small follow-up studies of hospital-based series indicate women with preeclampsia have an increased risk of insulin resistance postpartum. However, long-term data are lacking among women with gestational hypertension without proteinuria. Using a general population-based sample of 5889 women from Northern Finland followed longitudinally since birth in 1966, we examined these associations and the influence of the subject’s own birth weight and gestational age on this relationship. At age 31, blood pressure was measured and blood samples collected from 2678 women, of which 1463 women had had at least 1 singleton pregnancy. Of these, 45 had been hospitalized because of gestational hypertension and 49 because of preeclampsia. Women who had had either gestational hypertension or preeclampsia during their first pregnancy (average age 25 years) had increased blood pressure at 31 years compared with women with previous normotensive pregnancy, even after adjustment for body mass index (P <0.001 in gestational hypertension, P =0.023 in preeclampsia group). When compared with the whole female population, women with previous gestational hypertension at same age still had higher blood pressure, while this difference was weaker for women with previous preeclampsia. Women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia also had higher waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, and body mass index, as well as increased serum insulin levels and lower glucose/insulin ratio than women with previous normotensive pregnancy. The associations remained after adjustment for participant’s own birth weight or gestational age. Women born before gestational week 37 had a 2-fold risk for gestational hypertension in their first pregnancy (RR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.0, 6.2).
Assigning affinity-preserving binary hash codes to images

We tackle the problem of generating binary hashcodes for retrieval in image databases. We try several methods and compare them against the state-of-the-art. Our algorithms are based on wellestablished ideas from the Unsupervised Learning literature and, in particular, Principal Component Analysis [16] and Vector Quantization [9]. We show that one of our algorithms, termed unbalanced PQ-2Means, performs similarly to the renowned Spectral Hashing algorithm [25], but is outperformed by ITQ [8].
Moderate Altitude Affects High Intensity Running Performance in a Collegiate Women’s Soccer Game

Abstract The effect of altitude on soccer game activity profiles was retrospectively examined in six NCAA Division I female soccer players. Comparisons were made between two matches played at sea level (SL) and one match played at a moderate altitude (1839 m). A 10-Hz global positioning system device was used to measure distance and velocity. The rate of total distance capacity (TDC) and high intensity running (HIR) as well as percent of time at HIR were evaluated. Significant differences were seen in the distance rate (120.55 ± 8.26 m·min-1 versus 105.77 ± 10.19 m·min-1) and the HIR rate (27.65 ± 9.25 m·min-1 versus 25.07 ± 7.66 m·min-1) between SL and altitude, respectively. The percent of time at HIR was not significantly different (p = 0.064), yet tended to be greater at SL (10.4 ± 3.3%) than at altitude (9.1 ± 2.2%). Results indicate that teams residing at SL and competing at a moderate altitude may have a reduced ability in distance covered and a high intensity run rate.
VOT merger and f0 contrast in Heritage Korean in California

Author(s): Cheng, Andrew | Abstract: Recordings of read speech in Korean and English were made by native South Koreans and Korean Americans of varying generational status (“second-generation” American-born or “1.5-generation” foreign-born) and analyzed for differences in usage of VOT and fundamental frequency to contrast production of Korean lenis and aspirated stops and affricates. The speech was then played back to listeners of Korean heritage and judged metalinguistically regarding proficiency in Korean and other attributes relevant to the speech and demographics of immigrant speakers. Results show that second-generation Korean speakers, especially females, are not showing the collapse of VOT contrast found in the other two groups, one part of the “tonogenetic” sound change nearing completion in Seoul. Female second-generation speakers are also not using f0 to differentiate between the stops to the extent that first- and 1.5- generation speakers are. These second-generation speakers were easily identifiable as having been born in the United States, but the correlation with their generational identification and use of VOT and f0 to contrast lenis and aspirated stops and affricates is mild. It is concluded that because second-generation Korean Americans vary in their production of Korean, there is no clear sociophonetic marker for a Korean American “variety” of the language. The most proficient second-generation speakers closely resemble native speakers and do demonstrate the tonogenetic sound change, but the least proficient second-generation speakers diverge from this norm in a variety of ways. Second-generation Korean American speakers are easily identifiable as not speaking in the same way as native South Korean speakers, although this does not hinge on their use of the f0 contrast. The analysis makes a stronger case for applying new models of language acquisition, speech production, and identity formation to heritage language speakers that differ from those used for bilingual speakers.
Carbon Balance and Management

Mapping and monitoring carbon stocks in forested regions of the world, particularly the tropics, has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years as deforestation and forest degradation account for up to 30% of anthropogenic carbon emissions, and are now included in climate change negotiations. We review the potential for satellites to measure carbon stocks, specifically aboveground biomass (AGB), and provide an overview of a range of approaches that have been developed and used to map AGB across a diverse set of conditions and geographic areas. We provide a summary of types of remote sensing measurements relevant to mapping AGB, and assess the relative merits and limitations of each. We then provide an overview of traditional techniques of mapping AGB based on ascribing field measurements to vegetation or land cover type classes, and describe the merits and limitations of those relative to recent data mining algorithms used in the context of an approach based on direct utilization of remote sensing measurements, whether optical or lidar reflectance, or radar backscatter. We conclude that while satellite remote sensing has often been discounted as inadequate for the task, attempts to map AGB without satellite imagery are insufficient. Moreover, the direct remote sensing approach provided more coherent maps of AGB relative to traditional approaches. We demonstrate this with a case study focused on continental Africa and discuss the work in the context of reducing uncertainty for carbon monitoring and markets. Background The monitoring requirements for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation have been widely discussed and documented in a range of publications, including overviews of the general requirements to meet policy needs [1] as well as a variety of papers on the technical aspects and limitations of various monitoring approaches [2-5]. The general consensus of these documents is that monitoring of forest cover change using satellite remote sensing is practical and feasible for determining baseline deforestation rates against which future rates of change can be based, provided that adequate validation and accuracy assessments are conducted and documented. The type of monitoring and baseline approach used has been the subject of much discussion, with a range of modifications proposed to deal with Published: 25 March 2009 Carbon Balance and Management 2009, 4:2 doi:10.1186/1750-0680-4-2 Received: 13 January 2009 Accepted: 25 March 2009 This article is available from: http://www.cbmjournal. com/content/4/1/2 © 2009 Goetz et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Closure study between chemical composition and hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles during TORCH2

Measurements of aerosol properties were made in aged polluted and clean background air masses encountered at the North Norfolk (UK) coastline as part of the TORCH2 field campaign in May 2004. Hygroscopic growth factors (GF) at 90% relative humidity (RH) for D-0=27-217 nm particles and size-resolved chemical composition were simultaneously measured using a Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyser (HTDMA) and an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (Q-AMS), respectively. Both hygroscopic properties and chemical composition showed pronounced variability in time and with particles size. With this data set we could demonstrate that the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule combined with chemical composition data from the AMS makes accurate quantitative predictions of the mean GF of mixed atmospheric aerosol particles possible. In doing so it is crucial that chemical composition data are acquired with high resolution in both particle size and time, at least matching the actual variability of particle properties. The closure results indicate an ensemble GF of the organic fraction of similar to 1.20 +/- 0.10 at 90% water activity. Thus the organics contribute somewhat to hygroscopic growth, particularly at small sizes, however the inorganic salts still dominate. Furthermore it has been found that most likely substantial evaporation losses of NH4NO3 occurred within the HTDMA instrument, exacerbated by a long residence time of similar to 1 min. Such an artefact is in agreement with our laboratory experiments and literature data for pure NH4NO3, both showing similar evaporation losses within HTDMAs with residence times of similar to 1 min. Short residence times and low temperatures are hence recommended for HTDMAs in order to minimise such evaporation artefacts.
Testing the Feasibility of Delivering and Evaluating a Child Mental Health Recovery Program Enhanced With Additional Parenting Sessions for Families Displaced by the Syrian Conflict: A Pilot Study

Children who live through armed conflict and displacement are at increased risk of mental health difficulties, including posttraumatic stress (PTS). Parental support and monitoring are significant potentially modifiable factors amenable to preventive intervention. Children’s resilience can be increased by assisting parents and caregivers in supporting children. This study investigated the feasibility of delivering and evaluating an adapted version of the teaching recovery techniques (TRT) intervention, an established, evidence-based mental health recovery program for children, in a displacement setting resulting from the Syrian conflict. Three parent skills sessions were added to the original TRT intervention to form a brief, 5-week child plus parenting program (TRT + Parenting). Feasibility to recruit and train nonspecialist staff on the ground to screen families for eligibility, collect outcome data and deliver the intervention, and to recruit and retain families in the intervention and study were examined. Fourteen Syrian refugee families residing in a border town in Turkey took part in the study. Research staff and intervention facilitators were successfully appointed in the field, screened participants, and delivered the intervention, collecting outcome measures pre- and postdelivery. Supervision was provided via Skype and Whatsapp from the Unite Kingdom. All families completed the outcome measures, with very little missing data, and all of the intervention sessions, except for one family who moved to another location. This indicated that TRT + Parenting can be delivered feasibly and evaluated with displaced families in this humanitarian context. Preliminary outcome data showed promise that TRT + Parenting may have the potential to both reduce children’s PTS and increase caregivers’ parenting self-efficacy and use of effective strategies. Implications and future directions of the research are discussed.
Fundamental population–productivity relationships can be modified through density-dependent feedbacks of life-history evolution

The evolution of life histories over contemporary time scales will almost certainly affect population demography. One important pathway for such eco‐evolutionary interactions is the density‐dependent regulation of population dynamics. Here, we investigate how fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE) might alter density‐dependent population–productivity relationships. To this end, we simulate the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of an Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) population under fishing, followed by a period of recovery in the absence of fishing. FIE is associated with increases in juvenile production, the ratio of juveniles to mature population biomass, and the ratio of the mature population biomass relative to the total population biomass. In contrast, net reproductive rate (R0) and per capita population growth rate (r) decline concomitantly with evolution. Our findings suggest that FIE can substantially modify the fundamental population–productivity relationships that underlie density‐dependent population regulation and that form the primary population‐dynamical basis for fisheries stock‐assessment projections. From a conservation and fisheries‐rebuilding perspective, we find that FIE reduces R0 and r, the two fundamental correlates of population recovery ability and inversely extinction probability.
Induction of Apoptosis and Down-Regulation of Bcl-XL in Cancer Cells by a Novel Small Molecule, 2[ [3-(2,3-Dichlorophenoxy)propyl]amino]ethanol

In a search for new anticancer agents, we identified that 2[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy) propyl]amino]ethanol (2,3-DCPE) induced apoptosis more effectively in various cancer cells than in normal human fibroblasts. We further evaluated the cell-killing effects of this compound in vitro in several human cancer cell lines and normal human fibroblasts. A cell viability assay showed that IC50s for human colon cancer cell lines LoVo and DLD-1, for human lung cancer cell lines H1299 and A549, and for normal human fibroblasts were 0.89, 1.95, 2.24, 2.69, and 12.6 μm, respectively. Subsequent studies revealed that 2,3-DCPE could cause cleavage of caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and release of cytochrome c in cancer cells but not in normal human fibroblasts. Our data also showed that 2,3-DCPE attenuated the protein level of Bcl-XL and that apoptosis induction by 2,3-DCPE could be blocked by enforced overexpression of Bcl-XL. Our results suggest that 2,3-DCPE might be a potential new anticancer agent.
The Enriched Opportunities Programme for people with dementia: A cluster-randomised controlled trial in 10 extra care housing schemes

Objectives: The Enriched Opportunities Programme (EOP) is a multi-level intervention focussing on improved quality of life for people with dementia. This study compared the experience of people living with dementia and other mental health problems in extra care housing schemes that utilised EOP with schemes that employed an active control intervention. Method: Ten extra care housing schemes were cluster randomised to receive either the EOP intervention or an active control intervention for an 18-month period. Residents with dementia or other significant mental health problems (20–30 per scheme) were assessed on a number of outcome measures at baseline, six months, one year and 18 months. The primary outcome measure was quality of life. Self-reported depression was an important secondary outcome. Results: The EOP-participating residents rated their quality of life more positively over time (4.0 (SE 0.6) units; 14% p < 0.001) than the active control (1.3 (SE 0.6) units; 4% p = 0.003). There was also a significant group–time interaction for depressive symptoms (p = 0.003). The EOP-participating residents reported a reduction of 25% at both six and 12 months and a 37% reduction at 18 months (all p's < 0.001). EOP residents were less likely than residents in the active control sites to move to a care home or to be admitted to a hospital inpatient bed. They were more likely to be seen by a range of community health professionals. Conclusion: The EOP had a positive impact on the quality of life of people with dementia in well-staffed extra care housing schemes.
Structural health monitoring and damage assessment Part I: A critical review of approaches and methods

Aging and deterioration of existing structures and the need for rapid assessment and evaluation of these structures for hazard mitigation have significantly expanded the research efforts in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). SHM involves monitoring of a structure using periodically sampled measurements, extraction of damage sensitive features from these measurements, and assessment of the current health state/integrity of the system. Extraction of damage signatures that allows one to distinguish between the undamaged and the damaged structure from the measured vibration response is the area of SHM that receives the most attention. This paper presents a critical review of the damage assessment methodologies based on the research and applications reported in the literature. Challenges and research gaps in SHM are emphasized. These challenges include optimization of the number and location of sensors, identification of features sensitive to small damage levels, ability to discriminate changes in these features caused by damage from those caused by changing environmental or test conditions, and development of statistical methods to discriminate features from structures in undamaged and damaged states. A companion paper presents an application on the vibration data obtained from the ASCE benchmark structure. Key words: Vibration based structural health monitoring, global methods, damage assessment.
Information and the Decision to Attend College: Evidence from the Texas GO Center Project

Some students who would bene t from college may choose not to attend if they are unaware of all costs and bene ts involved. In this case, publically provided information may induce personally optimal attendance decisions, and if such information is cheap enough to provide then government intervention may also be socially optimal. Evidence from the Texas GO Centerproject suggests that this may indeed be the case. GO Centers are novel high-school information and awareness centers, usually a dedicated classroom, that provide many traditional guidance counseling services with the exception that they are run by student peers. They target academically prepared students who might not otherwise choose to attend college, providing motivation and information on all aspects of the college-going process. We use the roll-out of the program to identify its impact, along with detailed panel data on the universe of Texas public school students. The program signi cantly increased college applications which led to increased enrollment rates, especially amongst Hispanic and low-income students. One-year college persistence rates also increased signi cantly. These results have important policy implications, suggesting that a relatively cheap intervention can induce meaningful increases in human capital by reducing informational asymmetries. Corresponding author: Jesse Cunha, 579 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, (650) 492-0381. We thank the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board for its support of this project, especially Susan Brown, Chris Alvarado, Don Brown, Catherine Dikes, Janet Beinke, Belinda Hernandez, and Nina Wright. We also thank Todd Witt and Ashley Cash for providing helpful institutional details regarding GO Centers, and Isaac McFarlin for providing distance data. We are grateful to Eric Hanushek, Giacomo De Giorgi, Caroline Hoxby, Doug Bernheim, Saar Golde, Paco Martorell, and Don Godin for their helpful comments and suggestions. This work was conducted while Darwin was supported by the Stanford Institute for Economic and Policy Research (SIEPR) Dissertation Fellowship, and Jesse was supported by the SIEPR Schulz Graduate Student Fellowship.
Visual cue and situational information utilisation in squash and badminton

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Examining the Relative Utility of PBIS Implementation Fidelity Scores in Relation to Student Outcomes

There are several widely used Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) implementation fidelity measures, including the Schoolwide Evaluation Tool (SET), but there is limited empirical investigation substantiating the association between specific fidelity cut point scores and student outcomes. This article examined different SET cut points in reference to school-level outcomes across 180 elementary, middle, and high schools participating in randomized trials of PBIS. Specifically, we examined the implementation fidelity achieved in the sample, as well as within each school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high). Using the binary complier index, we examined the association of each of three SET cut points with behavioral and academic outcomes using t tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Although the t tests did not provide confirmation of one specific cut point, post hoc analyses suggested that the cut point may need to be tailored to school levels. There was moderate convergence between implementation on one scale (i.e., responses to behavioral violations) and academic achievement, based on ROC curve analyses for the 70% and 80% cut points. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Unpacking unpacking: greater detail can reduce perceived likelihood.

Past research suggests that a categorical event is perceived to be more likely if its subcases are explicitly delineated or "unpacked. " In 6 studies, we find that unpacking can often make an event seem less likely, especially when the details being unpacked are already highly accessible. Process evidence shows that the provision of greater detail accompanying unpacking reduces the simplicity of an event and that this dysfluency is used as a negative cue for likelihood. This work establishes processing fluency as a mechanism that opposes the other effects of unpacking, such as enhanced accessibility.