Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General Practitioners’ Perspective on eHealth and Lifestyle Change: Qualitative Interview Study

Background Wearables, fitness apps, and patient home monitoring devices are used increasingly by patients and other individuals with lifestyle challenges. All Danish general practitioners (GPs) use digital health records and electronic health (eHealth) consultations on a daily basis, but how they perceive the increasing demand for lifestyle advice and whether they see eHealth as part of their lifestyle support should be explored further. Objective This study aimed to explore GPs’ perspectives on eHealth devices and apps and the use of eHealth in supporting healthy lifestyle behavior for their patients and themselves. Methods A total of 10 (5 female and 5 male) GPs were recruited by purposive sampling, aged 38 to 69 years (mean 51 years), of which 4 had an urban uptake of patients and 6 a rural uptake. All of them worked in the region of Southern Denmark where GPs typically work alone or in partnership with 1 to 4 colleagues and all use electronic patient health records for prescription, referral, and asynchronous electronic consultations. We performed qualitative, semistructured, individual in-depth interviews with the GPs in their own office about how they used eHealth and mHealth devices to help patients challenged with lifestyle issues and themselves. We also interviewed how they treated lifestyle-challenged patients in general and how they imagined eHealth could be used in the future. Results All GPs had smartphones or tablets, and everyone communicated on a daily basis with patients about disease and medicine via their electronic health record and the internet. We identified 3 themes concerning the use of eHealth: (1) how eHealth is used for patients; (2) general practitioners’ own experience with improving lifestyle and eHealth support; and (3) relevant coaching techniques for transformation into eHealth. Conclusions GPs used eHealth frequently for themselves but only infrequently for their patients. GPs are familiar with behavioral change techniques and are ready to use them in eHealth if they are used to optimize processes and not hinder other treatments. Looking ahead, education of GPs and recognizing patients’ ability and preference to use eHealth with regard to a healthy living are needed.
T6 Treatment and Its Effects on Corrosion Properties of an Mg–4Sn–4Zn–2Al Alloy

The effects of T6 treatment (solid-solution and artificially aging at 200 °C) on the microstructure and corrosion properties of an Mg–4Sn–4Zn–2Al (TZA442) alloy were systematically investigated. The alloy exhibits a double-peak age-hardening behavior, i.e., one is 78 HV after 10 h of aging, and the other is 83 HV after 50 h of aging. The strengthening effect is mainly attributed to the simultaneously and mutually independent precipitation of the dispersively distributed MgZn2 and Mg2Sn precipitates. Solid-solution treatment can significantly decrease the corrosion rate of the TZA442 alloy. The following aging treatment can initially further decrease the corrosion rate in the under-aged state, but can afterward slightly increase it after 50 h of aging. The relationship between the microstructure and corrosion properties is also discussed.
Characteristics of fermentation yeast isolated from traditional Ethiopian honey wine, ogol

Indigenous honey wine, known locally as ogol , was collected in a village of the Majangir ethnic group in Southwest Ethiopia, and the procedure for ogol fermentation was investigated. A fermentation yeast was first isolated from ogol and identified as being a strain of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Honey wine made with S . cerevisiae ET99 contains 16.5% (v/v) ethanol; the acidity and pH were 6.0 and 3.8, respectively. Volatile ester and higher alcohol were detected by gas chromatography. A relatively higher amount of propan-1-ol (43 mg/l) was found in the honey wine than in those made with wine yeast W4 and sake yeast K7. The aroma characteristics of honey wine made with yeast ET99 were acceptable, as determined by organoleptic tests, and were found to be applicable to ethanol fermentation. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (2), pp. 160-163, 2005
Egocentric 6-DoF Tracking of Small Handheld Objects

Virtual and augmented reality technologies have seen significant growth in the past few years. A key component of such systems is the ability to track the pose of head mounted displays and controllers in 3D space. We tackle the problem of efficient 6-DoF tracking of a handheld controller from egocentric camera perspectives. We collected the HMD Controller dataset which consist of over 540,000 stereo image pairs labelled with the full 6-DoF pose of the handheld controller. Our proposed SSD-AF-Stereo3D model achieves a mean average error of 33.5 millimeters in 3D keypoint prediction and is used in conjunction with an IMU sensor on the controller to enable 6-DoF tracking. We also present results on approaches for model based full 6-DoF tracking. All our models operate under the strict constraints of real time mobile CPU inference.
A review about wüstite Fe 1-z O, pseudo-phases and defect clustering

Thermodynamic properties and structural aspects of the non-stoichiometric wustite Fe 1-z O, and its modifications-the so-called pseudo-phases-as functions of composition z and equilibrium temperature are reviewed from 1960 to present (159 references). The focus is first put on the complexity of the equilibrium phase diagram. The first order transition W W' is specified on the boundary iron/ wustite close to 1185 K. Transitions correlated to the modifications Wi at T(W) > 1185 K and W'j at 1185K < T(W') < T(W) (i and j =1,2,3) are reexamined. Structural determinations based on point defects and their clustering are recalled. A series of equilibria are developed, trying to justify the stabilization of the pseudo-phases, which can be interpreted in terms of transformation of defect clusters, or their mode of distribution (percolation, superstructure) including changes in electronic charge carriers.
An explainable deep machine vision framework for plant stress phenotyping

Significance Plant stress identification based on visual symptoms has predominately remained a manual exercise performed by trained pathologists, primarily due to the occurrence of confounding symptoms. However, the manual rating process is tedious, is time-consuming, and suffers from inter- and intrarater variabilities. Our work resolves such issues via the concept of explainable deep machine learning to automate the process of plant stress identification, classification, and quantification. We construct a very accurate model that can not only deliver trained pathologist-level performance but can also explain which visual symptoms are used to make predictions. We demonstrate that our method is applicable to a large variety of biotic and abiotic stresses and is transferable to other imaging conditions and plants. Current approaches for accurate identification, classification, and quantification of biotic and abiotic stresses in crop research and production are predominantly visual and require specialized training. However, such techniques are hindered by subjectivity resulting from inter- and intrarater cognitive variability. This translates to erroneous decisions and a significant waste of resources. Here, we demonstrate a machine learning framework’s ability to identify and classify a diverse set of foliar stresses in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] with remarkable accuracy. We also present an explanation mechanism, using the top-K high-resolution feature maps that isolate the visual symptoms used to make predictions. This unsupervised identification of visual symptoms provides a quantitative measure of stress severity, allowing for identification (type of foliar stress), classification (low, medium, or high stress), and quantification (stress severity) in a single framework without detailed symptom annotation by experts. We reliably identified and classified several biotic (bacterial and fungal diseases) and abiotic (chemical injury and nutrient deficiency) stresses by learning from over 25,000 images. The learned model is robust to input image perturbations, demonstrating viability for high-throughput deployment. We also noticed that the learned model appears to be agnostic to species, seemingly demonstrating an ability of transfer learning. The availability of an explainable model that can consistently, rapidly, and accurately identify and quantify foliar stresses would have significant implications in scientific research, plant breeding, and crop production. The trained model could be deployed in mobile platforms (e.g., unmanned air vehicles and automated ground scouts) for rapid, large-scale scouting or as a mobile application for real-time detection of stress by farmers and researchers.
High-Power Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for Aerospace Applications

This paper contributes to the steady-state analysis of the bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter by proposing a new model that produces equations for rms and average device currents, and rms and peak inductor/transformer currents. These equations are useful in predicting losses that occur in the devices and passive components and aid in the converter design. An analysis of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) boundaries for buck and boost modes while considering the effect of snubber capacitors on the DAB converter is also presented. The proposed model can be used to predict the converter efficiency at any desired operating point. The new model can serve as an important teaching-cum-research tool for DAB hardware design (devices and passive components selection), soft-switching-operating range estimation, and performance prediction at the design stage. The operation of the DAB dc-dc converter has been verified through extensive simulations. A DAB converter prototype was designed on the basis of the proposed model and was built for an aerospace energy storage application. Experimental results are presented to validate the new model for a 7 kW, 390/180 V, 20 kHz converter operation and the ZVS boundary operation.
EPISTAXIS - ETIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND TREATMENT OUTCOME AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

BACKGROUND: Epistaxis is the commonest otolaryngological emergency affecting up to 60% of the population in their lifetime, with 6% requiring medical attention. This study was conducted to describe the etiological profile and treatment outcome of epistaxis at SKIMS Medical College, Bemina, Srinagar, a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive study of the cases of epistaxis managed at SKIMS Medical College, Bemina, Srinagar, a tertiary care hospital, from July 2014 to January 2015.All patients of acute epistaxis due to any cause were included. The data for the following variables was collected; gender, age, age group, cause, type and laterality of epistaxis and success rate of treatment modalities. RESULTS: A total of 114 patients with epistaxis were studied. Males were affected more than the females (1.8:1). Their mean age was 32.24 ± 12.54 years (range 4 to 82 years). The commonest cause of epistaxis was trauma (46.22%) followed by hypertension (25.43%) and idiopathic (18.43%). Anterior nasal bleeding was noted in majority of the patients (69.29%). Non-surgical measures were the main intervention methods in 99.12% of cases and of this, local cauterization (49.12%) and anterior nasal packing (26.31%) were most common non-surgical measures. Surgical measures mainly tumor resection was carried out in 0.87% of cases. The overall success rate of treatment was 92.0%. CONCLUSION: Epistaxis is the commonest otolaryngological emergency. Trauma resulting from road traffic accident (RTA) remains the most common etiological factor for epistaxis. Most cases can be successfully managed with conservative (non-surgical) treatment alone and surgical intervention with its potential complications may not be necessary in most cases and should be the last resort. Reducing the incidence of trauma from RTA will reduce the incidence of emergency epistaxis.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Hepta-Segmented dsRNA Virus From the Phytopathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum fructicola

A novel hepta-segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus was isolated and characterized from the strain FJ-4 of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum fructicola, and was named Colletotrichum fructicola chrysovirus 1 (CfCV1). The full-length cDNAs of dsRNA1–7 were 3620, 2801, 2687, 2437, 1750, 1536, and 1211 bp, respectively. The 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions of the seven dsRNAs share highly similar internal sequence and contain conserved sequence stretches, indicating that they have a common virus origin. The 5′-and 3′-UTRs of the seven dsRNAs were predicted to fold into stable stem-loop structures. CfCV1 contains spherical virions that are 35 nm in diameter consisting of seven segments. The largest dsRNA of CfCV1 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and the second dsRNA encodes a viral capsid protein (CP). The dsRNA5 encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein containing an R-rich region and a G-rich region. The smallest dsRNA is a satellite-like RNA. The functions of the other proteins encoded by dsRNA3, dsRNA4, dsRNA6 are unknown. Phylogenetic analysis, based on RdRp and CP, indicated that CfCV1 is phylogenetically related to Botryosphaeria dothidea chrysovirus 1 (BdCV1), and Penicillium janczewskii chrysovirus 2 (PjCV2), a cluster of an independent cluster II group in the family Chrysoviridae. Importantly, all the seven segments of CfCV1 were transmitted successfully to other virus-free strains with an all-or-none fashion. CfCV1 exerts minor influence on the growth of C. fructicola but can confer hypovirulence to the fungal host. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a hepta-segmented tentative chrysovirus in C. fructicola.
Immediate Use of Uncuffed Tracheostomy after Free Flap Reconstruction of the Head and Neck

Objective To determine if immediate postoperative uncuffed tracheostomy placement following oral cavity or oropharyngeal head and neck free flap reconstruction is associated with shorter hospital length of stay and higher inpatient decannulation rates without an increase in respiratory complications, as compared with immediate placement of cuffed tracheostomy. Study Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods Patients were included if they underwent free flap reconstruction for oral cavity or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and had an intraoperative tracheostomy placed between 2005 and 2016. In 2012, head and neck surgeons changed from routine placement of cuffed to uncuffed tracheostomy tubes immediately after free flap reconstruction. This study compares length of hospital stay, inpatient decannulation rates, and respiratory complications between patients who had cuffed and uncuffed tracheostomies. Analysis of variance and chi-square test were used to examine continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine whether cuff status was independently associated with primary outcomes of length of hospital stay, decannulation, and respiratory complications. Results Of 752 patients who underwent free flap reconstruction, 493 patients met inclusion criteria (cuffed, n = 366; uncuffed, n = 127). Patient variables (ie, age, sex, body mass index, prior chemoradiation) and tumor characteristics (ie, location, stage) did not differ significantly between groups. Adjusted analysis showed that an uncuffed tracheostomy (vs a cuffed tracheostomy) was associated with shorter length of stay (7.7 vs 9.7 days, P < .001) and did not increase the rate of respiratory complications. Conclusion Immediate placement of a uncuffed tracheostomy after oral cavity or oropharyngeal free flap reconstruction is associated with shorter hospital stays without an increase in respiratory complications.
Improving information centrality of a node in complex networks by adding edges

The problem of increasing the centrality of a network node arises in many practical applications. In this paper, we study the optimization problem of maximizing the information centrality Iv of a given node v in a network with n nodes and m edges, by creating k new edges incident to v. Since Iv is the reciprocal of the sum of resistance distance Rv between v and all nodes, we alternatively consider the problem of minimizing Rv by adding k new edges linked to v. We show that the objective function is monotone and supermodular. We provide a simple greedy algorithm with an approximation factor (1 − 1/e) and O(n^3) running time. To speed up the computation, we also present an algorithm to compute (1 − 1/e − epsilon) approximate resistance distance Rv after iteratively adding k edges, the running time of which is Otilde(mk*epsilon^−2) for any epsilon > 0, where the Otilde(·) notation suppresses the poly(log n) factors. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithms.
Fractional Reverse Polarity Optical OFDM for High Speed Dimmable Visible Light Communications

In this paper, fractional reverse polarity optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FRPO-OFDM) is studied to enable dimming compatible visible light communications. The scheme combines a layered asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) sequence with an information-carrying brightness control sequence (BCS) in the form of $M$ -ary pulse position modulation. We derive the expressions of the FRPO-OFDM signal and its achievable brightness level, and develop an effective detector which can recover information from both sequences based on maximum likelihood detection. We show that when the detector is to be implemented, the use of multi-layer ACO-OFDM imposes strong periodicity on the BCS, which leads to a trade-off between spectral efficiency and brightness resolution for dimming control. It is shown that high spectral efficiency can be achieved with practical dimming requirements. Simulation results show that the extra information carried by the BCS can be decoded with extremely low bit error rate and thus has negligible impacts on the demodulation of the ACO-OFDM signal, when the system nonlinearity is not dominating.
Scaling up distributed massive MIMO: Why and how

Massive MIMO (MaMIMO) is a technology of primary interest for sub-6 GHz operation in the next generation cellular systems. While MaMIMO is most often linked to macrocell scenarios, where a single cell serves many users distributed over a large area, network densification will also result in scenarios where many users are served by a MaMIMO base station (BS) that is nearby. A key question is how to scale up MaMIMO: should we add more antennas to a given cell, or create multiple smaller and distributed cells that can cooperate? This paper documents the measured performance of a very dense MaMIMO system for an indoor-to-outdoor propagation environment. The impact of the number of antennas, and the distribution of the antenna elements is experimentally verified for a simplified linear deployment of the BSs. Concretely, we serve 12 closely located users with 16, 32 or 64 antennas. We compare a centrally positioned collocated array and two distributed arrays with their uplink throughput in a licensed 2.6 GHz band. The experimental results show that 12 users can be served with only 32 antennas for the distributed topology, which is effectively only 16 antennas per MaMIMO BS. For the specific case analyzed in our measurement campaign, with the centralized deployment, 64 antennas are needed to obtain good performance, while distributing the antenna elements in two sub-arrays improves total performance and fairness between the users.
The Random Gas of Hard Spheres

The inconsistency between the time-reversible Liouville equation and time-irreversible Boltzmann equation has been pointed out by Loschmidt. To avoid Loschmidt’s objection, here we propose a new dynamical system to model the motion of atoms of gas, with their interactions triggered by a random point process. Despite being random, this model can approximate the collision dynamics of rigid spheres via adjustable parameters. We compute the exact statistical steady state of the system, and determine the form of its marginal distributions for a large number of spheres. We find that the Kullback–Leibler entropy (a generalization of the conventional Boltzmann entropy) of the full system of random gas spheres is a non-increasing function of time. Unlike the conventional hard sphere model, the proposed random gas system results in a variant of the Enskog equation, which is known to be a more accurate model of dense gas than the Boltzmann equation. We examine the hydrodynamic limit of the derived Enskog equation for spheres of constant mass density, and find that the corresponding Enskog–Euler and Enskog–Navier–Stokes equations acquire additional effects in both the advective and viscous terms.
Labor Market Dynamics in Developing Economies: the Role of Subsistence Consumption

Motivated by the recent empirical evidence on a strong negative relationship between the income level and hours worked across countries (Bick, Fuchs-Schundeln, and Lagakos (2018)), this paper establishes new stylized facts on labor market dynamics in developing economies. First, the response of hours worked (and employment) to a permanent technology shock- identified by a structural VAR model with long-run restrictions- is smaller in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, the level of income per capita is strongly and robustly associated with the relative variability of hours worked and consumption to output across countries. We build a simple RBC model augmented with subsistence consumption to explain the set of new empirical findings. The minimal departure from a standard RBC model allows us to account for the salient features of business cycle fluctuations in developing economies, including their distinct labor market dynamics.
Stable isotopic niche predicts fitness of prey in a wolf–deer system

Interindividual variation in niche presents a potentially central object on which natural selection can act. This may have important evolutionary implications because habitat use governs a suite of selective forces encountered by foragers. In a free-living native black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus , population from coastal British Columbia, we used stable isotope analysis to identify individual variation in foraging niche and investigated its relationship to fitness. Using an intragenerational comparison of surviving and nonsurviving O. hemionus over 2 years of predation by wolves, Canis lupus, we detected resource-specific fitness. Individuals with isotopic signatures that suggested they foraged primarily in cedar ( Thuja plicata )-dominated and low-elevation hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla )dominated forest stands were more likely to be killed by C. lupus . High-quality forage in T. plicata stands, as indexed by protein content, may be involved in maintaining this foraging phenotype. Moreover, nonsurvivors diverged more than survivors from median isotopic signatures, suggesting selection against foraging specialization. Stable isotope analysis provides a novel opportunity to integrate ecological and selective landscapes in order to identify underlying ecological mechanisms of selection and provide insight into the maintenance of variability. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 90 , 125‐137.