Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Dataset for Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification

Today, medical image analysis papers require solid experiments to prove the usefulness of proposed methods. However, experiments are often performed on data selected by the researchers, which may come from different institutions, scanners, and populations. Different evaluation measures may be used, making it difficult to compare the methods. In this paper, we introduce a dataset of 7909 breast cancer histopathology images acquired on 82 patients, which is now publicly available from http://web.inf. ufpr.br/vri/breast-cancer-database. The dataset includes both benign and malignant images. The task associated with this dataset is the automated classification of these images in two classes, which would be a valuable computer-aided diagnosis tool for the clinician. In order to assess the difficulty of this task, we show some preliminary results obtained with state-of-the-art image classification systems. The accuracy ranges from 80% to 85%, showing room for improvement is left. By providing this dataset and a standardized evaluation protocol to the scientific community, we hope to gather researchers in both the medical and the machine learning field to advance toward this clinical application.
SCMFS: A file system for Storage Class Memory

This paper considers the problem of how to implement a file system on Storage Class Memory (SCM), that is directly connected to the memory bus, byte addressable and is also non-volatile. In this paper, we propose a new file system, called SCMFS, which is implemented on the virtual address space. In SCMFS, we utilize the existing memory management module in the operating system to do the block management and keep the space always contiguous for each file. The simplicity of SCMFS not only makes it easy to implement, but also improves the performance. We have implemented a prototype in Linux and evaluated its performance through multiple benchmarks.
Rationale for combining glutamatergic and cholinergic approaches in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

A total of 40 years of biochemical, clinical and neuropathological research have revolutionized our understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, yet at the present moment the only drugs licensed for treatment are targeted essentially at symptoms. Some disease-modifying drugs remain in clinical trials, but many that have used similar approaches have failed. It is therefore of considerable interest to examine the optimal way of using existing medications for the benefit of patients. This article looks at the rationale behind the combined use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor antagonist, memantine, from both preclinical and clinical perspectives.
Optimal shielding/spacing metrics for low power design

Noise arising from line-to-line coupling is a major problem for deep submicron design, and present technology trends are causing an increase in this type of noise. Common current methods to decrease coupling noise include shielding and buffering, both of which can increase overall power dissipation. An alternative method is spacing, which has the added benefit of improving the manufacturability (i.e. defect insensitivity) of the design. This paper explores the issue of coupling noise reduction, and proposes performance metrics that can be used by the designer to determine which of the alternative methods is best suited for a specific interconnect configuration.
The Plasticity of Brain Gray Matter and White Matter following Lower Limb Amputation

Accumulating evidence has indicated that amputation induces functional reorganization in the sensory and motor cortices. However, the extent of structural changes after lower limb amputation in patients without phantom pain remains uncertain. We studied 17 adult patients with right lower limb amputation and 18 healthy control subjects using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter (WM) were investigated. In amputees, a thinning trend was seen in the left premotor cortex (PMC). Smaller clusters were also noted in the visual-to-motor regions. In addition, the amputees also exhibited a decreased FA in the right superior corona radiata and WM regions underlying the right temporal lobe and left PMC. Fiber tractography from these WM regions showed microstructural changes in the commissural fibers connecting the bilateral premotor cortices, compatible with the hypothesis that amputation can lead to a change in interhemispheric interactions. Finally, the lower limb amputees also displayed significant FA reduction in the right inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, which is negatively correlated with the time since amputation. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the amputation of lower limb could induce changes in the cortical representation of the missing limb and the underlying WM connections.
Complete Protection Against Interleukin-1β–Induced Functional Suppression and Cytokine-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Rat Pancreatic Islets In Vitro Using an Interleukin-1 Cytokine Trap

Cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-1β, have been postulated to cause β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. We tested the efficacy of an IL-1 cytokine trap in counteraction of suppressive and toxic effects after exposure of rat pancreatic islets in vitro to IL-1β. The IL-1 cytokine trap used herein comprised extracellular domains of the IL-1 receptor accessory protein and the human IL-1 receptor 1 arranged inline and fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. Groups of isolated rat pancreatic islets were maintained in medium culture with or without IL-1β (150 pmol/l) for 48 h in the absence or presence of the IL-1 trap at 1-, 10-, or 100-fold excess the molar concentration of the cytokine. IL-1β alone induced a strong inhibition of insulin secretion and glucose oxidation rate and a marked increase in medium nitrite accumulation as an indicator of nitric oxide generation. When the IL-1 trap was used at a ratio 10:1 or 100:1, a complete protection against these effects were observed. Moreover, the IL-1 trap (100:1) blocked the increased islet cell death seen in islets treated with a combination of IL-1β + tumor necrosis factor-α + interferon-γ as well as functional suppression induced by the cytokine combination. In conclusion, we show that addition of an IL-1 trap can protect rat pancreatic islets in vitro against noxious effects induced by IL-1β. Exploring the IL-1 trap in relevant animal models of type 1 diabetes represents an interesting future intervention strategy.
Multiuser Detection in Massive MIMO with Quantized Amplitude-Only Measurements

This correspondence researches the multiuser detection (MUD) in a new massive MIMO system, where the base station (BS) acquires the quantized amplitude-only (AO) measurements of the complex baseband signals through the envelop detection and low-resolution analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) sampling. Cumbersome frequency mixers are removed and low-resolution ADCs can easily reach the Giga-sample-persecond (GSPS) rate, so massive AO-MIMO has low power and low cost, and is especially suitable for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication. A practical multiuser detector is constructed based on the Wirtinger-flow (WF) gradient method for phase retrieval (PR), and the message passing de-quantization (MPDQ) algorithm for the quantized compressed sensing (CS). It iterates between the missing phase estimation and signal reconstruction, and involves only matrix-vector multiplication as its complex operation. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed detector, and show that massive AO-MIMO can even perform similarly as the classical massive MIMO by adopting relatively more BS antennas.
Statistical Unfolded Logic Learning

During the past decade, Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) and Probabilistic Inductive Logic Programming (PILP), owing to their strength in capturing structure information, have attracted much attention for learning relational models such as weighted logic rules. Typically, a generative model is assumed for the structured joint distribution, and the learning process is accomplished in an enormous relational space. In this paper, we propose a new framework, i.e., Statistical Unfolded Logic (SUL) learning. In contrast to learning rules in the relational space directly, SUL propositionalizes the structure information into an attribute-value data set, and thus, statistical discriminative learning which is much more ecient than generative relational learning can be executed. In addition to achieving better generalization performance, SUL is able to conduct predicate invention that is hard to be realized by traditional SRL and PILP approaches. Experiments on real tasks show that our proposed approach is superior to state-of-the-art weighted rules learning approaches.
Quantum Zero-Error Source-Channel Coding and Non-Commutative Graph Theory

Alice and Bob receive a bipartite state (possibly entangled) from some finite collection or from some subspace. Alice sends a message to Bob through a noisy quantum channel such that Bob may determine the initial state, with zero chance of error. This framework encompasses, for example, teleportation, dense coding, entanglement assisted quantum channel capacity, and one-way communication complexity of function evaluation. With classical sources and channels, this problem can be analyzed using graph homomorphisms. We show this quantum version can be analyzed using homomorphisms on non-commutative graphs (an operator space generalization of graphs). Previously the Lovász ϑ number has been generalized to non-commutative graphs; we show this to be a homomorphism monotone, thus providing bounds on quantum source-channel coding. We generalize the Schrijver and Szegedy numbers, and show these to be monotones as well. As an application, we construct a quantum channel whose entanglement assisted zero-error one-shot capacity can only be unlocked using a non-maximally entangled state. These homomorphisms allow definition of a chromatic number for non-commutative graphs. Many open questions are presented regarding the possibility of a more fully developed theory.
Oral and Dental Health Status of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Objective To ascertain the oral and dental health status of children with cleft lip and/or palate. Design Oral and dental examinations were carried out on 114 selected children with cleft lip and/or palate, using standard criteria and indices. Setting These children were examined at two cleft palate clinics in the United Kingdom. Patients All children examined were between the ages of 3 and 18 years. Results Sixty one (53.5%) of the subjects exhibited no evidence of previous caries experience, but as many as 20% exhibited active decay. The mean caries experience in the deciduous dentition (dmfs) was 2.3, and that in the permanent dentition (DMFS) was 0.9. Caries experience of the Caucasian children of the sample was lower (mean dmfs 1.9) than that of the Asian children (mean dmfs 5.5). The mean simplified debris index of the sample was 0.9, and the mean gingival bleeding index was 0.4. Children with cleft lip and palate had generally poorer oral and gingival health than those with isolated clefts of the lip or palate. Conclusion Twenty percent of the sample had active decay. These children had poor oral health in the surgically repaired anterior segment.
Accounting for Global Dispersion of Current Accounts

We undertake a quantitative analysis of the dispersion of current accounts in an open economy version of incomplete insurance model, incorporating important market frictions in trade and financial flows. Calibrated with conventional parameter values, the stochastic stationary equilibrium of the model with limited borrowing can account for about two-thirds of the global dispersion of current accounts. The easing of financial frictions can explain nearly all changes in the current account dispersion in the past four decades whereas the easing of trade frictions has almost no impact on the current account dispersion.
CLUES TO THE METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE GALACTIC BULGE: ABUNDANCES IN MOA–2008–BLG–310S AND MOA–2008–BLG–311S

We present abundance analyses based on high dispersion and high signal-to-noise ratio Magellan spectra of two highly microlensed Galactic bulge stars in the region of the main-sequence turnoff with Teff ∼ 5650 K. We find that MOA–2008–BLG–310S has [Fe/H]8 = +0.41 ± 0.09 dex8 We adopt the usual spectroscopic notations that [A/B] ≡log10(NA/NB)* − log10(NA/NB)☉, and that log[ϵ(A)] ≡ log10(NA/NH) + 12.00, for elements A and B. and MOA–2008–BLG–311S has +0.26 ± 0.09 dex. The abundance ratios for the ∼20 elements for which features could be detected in the spectra of each of the two stars follow the trends with [Fe/H] found among samples of bulge giants. Combining these two bulge dwarfs with the results from previous abundance analysis of four other Galactic bulge turnoff region stars, all highly magnified by microlensing, gives a mean [Fe/H] of +0.29 dex. This implies that there is an inconsistency between the Fe-metallicity distribution of the microlensed bulge dwarfs and that derived by the many previous estimates based on surveys of cool, luminous bulge giants, which have mean [Fe/H] ∼ −0.1 dex. A number of possible mechanisms for producing this difference are discussed. If one ascribes this inconsistency to systematic errors in the abundance analyses, we provide statistical arguments suggesting that a substantial systematic error in the Fe metallicity for one or both of the two cases, bulge dwarfs versus bulge giants, is required which is probably larger than can realistically be accommodated. We adopt the usual spectroscopic notations that [A/B] ≡log10(NA/NB)* − log10(NA/NB)☉, and that log[ϵ(A)] ≡ log10(NA/NH) + 12.00, for elements A and B.
Timeout Reduction Method for Multistream Segmented Download Using PR-SCTP

As wireless links have spread over the world, we often download large files on lossy networks. However, unnecessary strict order guarantee of TCP with single stream results in performance degradation on lossy networks. Therefore, a segmented download method which uses SCTP multistream has been proposed to address the issue. Since the existing research evaluated the method only with simulation experiments, we conduct intensive experiments with real machines. Furthermore, we propose a timeout reduction method using both PR-SCTP that retransmits the lost packet for a limited time and SCTP multistream. Our approach does not change the timeout policy of SCTP but requests the lost data as a part of application layer protocol. As a result, we show that the proposed method yields at most 10% and 30% higher performance for 5% and 10% packet loss rates than the conventional methods, respectively. Our proposal can constitute one of the assurance technologies which sustain higher throughput even on lossy networks.
The role of the occipital face area in holistic processing involved in face detection and discrimination: A tDCS study.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the role of occipital face area (OFA) in mediating observers' tendency to perceive faces as "wholes" (holistic processing) both when detecting and discriminating faces. To investigate this issue, we modulated OFA activity using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). METHOD In Experiment 1, participants performed a face detection task (the Mooney faces task) and a face discrimination task (the Composite faces task), which both assess holistic face processing. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to detect both Mooney faces and Mooney objects, to test face selectivity of OFA. In each experimental session, the tasks were presented once before (pre) and once after (post) administration of 20 min of excitability increasing anodal tDCS (real) and sham stimulation over the putative OFA. RESULTS Compared with sham stimulation, we found that real anodal tDCS interfered with both Mooney faces and objects detection, whereas it had no effect on holistic processing involved in face discrimination, as measured by the Composite faces task. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that OFA is causally implicated in facial detection at least in degraded conditions (i.e., when the "face" signal needs to be extracted from a noisy background). In turn, our data do not implicate OFA in holistic processing in face discrimination. Finally, our data suggest a possible role of OFA in categorization of other nonface stimuli, a conclusion that must be taken with caution, as stimulation over OFA may affect object-selective adjacent regions.
Health Literacy and Mortality: A Cohort Study of Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure

Background More than 30% of patients hospitalized for heart failure are rehospitalized or die within 90 days of discharge. Lower health literacy is associated with mortality among outpatients with chronic heart failure; little is known about this relationship after hospitalization for acute heart failure. Methods and Results Patients hospitalized for acute heart failure and discharged home between November 2010 and June 2013 were followed through December 31, 2013. Nurses administered the Brief Health Literacy Screen at admission; low health literacy was defined as Brief Health Literacy Screen ≤9. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were time to first rehospitalization and, separately, time to first emergency department visit within 90 days of discharge. Cox proportional hazards models determined their relationships with health literacy, adjusting for age, gender, race, insurance, education, comorbidity, and hospital length of stay. For the 1379 patients, average age was 63.1 years, 566 (41.0%) were female, and 324 (23.5%) had low health literacy. Median follow-up was 20.7 months (interquartile range 12.8 to 29.6 months), and 403 (29.2%) patients died. Adjusted hazard ratio for death among patients with low health literacy was 1.34 (95% CI 1.04, 1.73, P=0.02) compared to Brief Health Literacy Screen >9. Within 90 days of discharge, there were 415 (30.1%) rehospitalizations and 201 (14.6%) emergency department visits, with no evident association with health literacy. Conclusions Lower health literacy was associated with increased risk of death after hospitalization for acute heart failure. There was no evident relationship between health literacy and 90-day rehospitalization or emergency department visits.
Tutoring in problem‐based learning: perceptions of teachers and students

This study examined teacher and student perceptions during the first 2 years of a complete transition from a conventional to a problem‐based learning (PBL) curriculum at Dalhousie University. Teaching staff who had tutored in the two pre‐clinical years (n = 88) completed a questionnaire at the end of the 1993–94 academic year, and student assessments of their tutors were collated for all nine units (n = 597).
Targeting of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat labile toxin in polarized epithelia: role of COOH-terminal KDEL

Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli heat labile toxins (CT and LT) elicit a secretory response from intestinal epithelia by binding apical receptors (ganglioside GM1) and subsequently activating basolateral effectors (adenylate cyclase). We have recently proposed that signal transduction in polarized cells may require transcytosis of toxin- containing membranes (Lencer, W. I., G. Strohmeier, S. Moe, S. L. Carlson, C. T. Constable, and J. L. Madara. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:10094-10098). Targeting of CT into this pathway depends initially on binding of toxin B subunits to GM1 at the cell surface. The anatomical compartments in which subsequent steps of CT processing occur are less clearly defined. However, the enzymatically active A subunit of CT contains the ER retention signal KDEL (RDEL in LT). Thus if the KDEL motif were required for normal CT trafficking, movement of CT from the Golgi to ER would be implied. To test this idea, recombinant wild-type (wt) and mutant CT and LT were prepared. The COOH- terminal KDEL sequence in CT was replaced by seven unrelated amino acids: LEDERAS. In LT, a single point mutation replacing leucine with valine in RDEL was made. Wt and mutant toxins displayed similar enzymatic activities and binding affinities to GM1 immobilized on plastic. Biologic activity of recombinant toxins was assessed as a Cl- secretory response elicited from the polarized human epithelial cell line T84 using standard electrophysiologic techniques. Mutations in K(R)DEL of both CT and LT delayed the time course of toxin-induced Cl- secretion. At T1/2, dose dependencies for K(R)DEL-mutant toxins were increased > or = 10-fold. KDEL-mutants displayed differentially greater temperature sensitivity. In direct concordance with a slower rate of signal transduction. KDEL-mutants were trafficked to the basolateral membrane more slowly than wt CT (assessed by selective cell surface biotinylation as transcytosis of B subunit). Mutation in K(R)DEL had no effect on the rate of toxin endocytosis. These data provide evidence that CT and LT interact directly with endogenous KDEL-receptors and imply that both toxins may require retrograde movement through Golgi cisternae and ER for efficient and maximal biologic activity.
Evaluation of resin-enamel interface micromorphology in respect of different Er,Cr:YSGG laser parameters

Abstract Background and objective: Enamel irradiation with an erbium,chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has been reported to cause micromorphological alterations within resin-enamel interfaces and subsurface enamel. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different output power/pulse repetition rate parameter combinations of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the micromorphology of resin-enamel interfaces and subsurface enamel. Materials and methods: Thirty-five bovine incisors were used in the present study. Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used on enamel with different output power/pulse repetition rate parameter combinations as follows: 6 W/20 Hz, 6 W/35 Hz, 6 W/50 Hz, 3 W/20 Hz, 3 W/35 Hz, 3 W/50 Hz. Following adhesive and composite procedures, specimens were sectioned and either acid-etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 1 min or immersed in 55% nitric acid for 12 h. Then the resin-enamel interfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Micromorphological findings by SEM revealed that when enamel surfaces were irradiated with all 6-W groups and 3 W/20 Hz-combinations, large resin structures indicating subsurface microcracks were generally evident within interfaces and subsurface enamel. However, when irradiated with 3 W/35 Hz and 3 W/50 Hz-combinations, the observed resin-enamel interfaces were similar to those of the acid-etched only group. Conclusion: Deploying Er,Cr:YSGG laser with lower power and high pulse repetition rate combinations may reduce damage to resin-enamel interfaces and subsurface enamel. However, assessment of the relationship between these findings and bond strength requires further study.