Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ovulation induction in a poor responder with panhypopituitarism: A case report and review of the literature

Background. Most women with panhypopituitarism will undergo successful ovulation induction with gonadotropin therapy. Few proven treatment options exist for those who respond poorly to such therapy. A poor response may indicate diminished ovarian reserve, or reflect a deficiency of other key components for ovarian function. Case. A 31-year-old female with panhypopituitarism and a poor response to gonadotropin therapy took growth hormone (GH) replacement for 4 months prior to restarting gonadotropins. When the serum level of insulin-like growth factor-I normalized, she began ovulation induction with gonadotropins with transdermal estradiol. After 63 days of gonadotropin therapy, she had a leading follicle of 18 mm, followed by follicles of 16.5 mm and 15.5 mm. The serum estradiol was 796 pg/ml, and human chorionic gonadotropin was administered. The patient conceived with timed intercourse. A prior attempt at ovulation induction with gonadotropins alone failed to produce follicular development. Conclusion. Prolonged gonadotropin treatment may be necessary to achieve ovulation and avoid the misdiagnosis of ovarian failure. Co-treatment with GH and estrogen may improve the follicular response in a poor responder with panhypopituitarism.
Quotas as a ‘fast track’ to equal representation for women: Why Scandinavia is no longer the model

Recent years have witnessed the rapid diffusion of electoral gender quotas. Today, about fourty countries around the world have introduced gender quotas for parliamentary elections, either by constitutional amendment or electoral law. Also, quotas for public election have been laid down in major political parties' statutes in more than fifty countries. This article, which is based on the first worldwide overview of the use of quotas, presents general trends in quota adoption. It identifies two discourses: the incremental track versus the fast track to women's parliamentary representation, and argues that the Scandinavian countries – which represent the incremental track – may no longer be a valid model for ways to improve women's representation. The article also analyses the implementation process, and concludes that, without specifications of quota provisions that match the electoral system in question, and rules about the rank order of candidates as well as sanctions for non-compliance, quota provisions.
Child Farm Labour in Rural Households of South-West, Nigeria

This paper investigate the level of child labour participation in cassava production in south-west, Nigeria. A multi stage random sampling technique was employed to select the sample respondents. Data were collected with the aid of well structured questionnaires to elicit information from 252 sampled respondents. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Result shows that there are structural differences in the choice of child activity options across gender and age categories. School and work activity status revealed that school enrolment of girls was 10.53% compared to boys of 25%. Also, 53.9% of the boys further their education beyond primary school level compare to 39.5% of the girls. Results further showed that while more boys were engaged in farming operations than the girls, more female children combined schooling with work. Using multinomial logit model to examined the relationship between schooling and labour force decisions, it was revealed that some variables such age of the child, biological child, quality of shelter lived, availability of schools and parents' education have a positive significant effect on schooling decision of a child while time spent on farm and cassava farm size have a significant negative relationship on child's schooling decision. Based on the above, it is recommended that for effective policy formulation to reduce child labour, all these important variables must be taken into consideration.
Economic efficiency of Greek retail SMEs in a period of high fluctuations in economic activity: a DEA approach

This study aims to analyse the economic efficiency of Greek small and medium retail enterprises before and after the crisis that started in 2008. Based on the Accounting Equation, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate variable returns of scale efficiency scores and to conclude on specific characteristics that efficient companies have, for example, on capital structure. Our results from the DEA application show a high degree of inefficiency. We found that SMEs on the islands are more efficient than those on the mainland and that SMEs in the cities are the least efficient. Size seems to be important, more so on the islands and on the mainland than in the cities. We conclude that companies should act more conservatively in terms of operating cost when the first signs of a recession appear. In addition, during a recession period, companies that have evidences that their operations will continue positively should strengthen their operations by raising more own capital. Finally, our study clarifies four issues: the efficiency of retail companies in a period of growth and a period of recession, focusing on SMEs that operate in different regions, connecting Accounting Equation and DEA and adding acid ratio as an output in our model.
Public regulation and the structure of production in multiproduct industries: an application to the New England otter trawl industry

This article considers the problem of managing multispecies fishing industries as one of regulating the production of individual multiproduct firms. The multispecies New England otter trawl industry is examined within this framework. Empirical results derived from estimating a multiproduct profit function indicate that management consistent with the structures of multiproduct production and costs would directly regulate inputs. Little support is provided for applying the traditional bioeconomic model to the fishery studied.
Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase α Acts as an Upstream Regulator of Fyn Signaling to Promote Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination*

The tyrosine kinase Fyn plays a key role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the central nervous system, but the molecules responsible for regulating Fyn activation in these processes remain poorly defined. Here we show that receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase α (PTPα) is an important positive regulator of Fyn activation and signaling that is required for the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). PTPα is expressed in OPCs and is up-regulated during differentiation. We used two model systems to investigate the role of PTPα in OPC differentiation: the rat CG4 cell line where PTPα expression was silenced by small interfering RNA, and oligosphere-derived primary OPCs isolated from wild-type and PTPα-null mouse embryos. In both cell systems, the ablation of PTPα inhibited differentiation and morphological changes that accompany this process. Although Fyn was activated upon induction of differentiation, the level of activation was severely reduced in cells lacking PTPα, as was the activation of Fyn effector molecules focal adhesion kinase, Rac1, and Cdc42, and inactivation of Rho. Interestingly, another downstream effector of Fyn, p190RhoGAP, which is responsible for Rho inactivation during differentiation, was not affected by PTPα ablation. In vivo studies revealed defective myelination in the PTPα−/− mouse brain. Together, our findings demonstrate that PTPα is a critical regulator of Fyn activation and of specific Fyn signaling events during differentiation, and is essential for promoting OPC differentiation and central nervous system myelination.
Cognitive reflection predicts the acceptance of unfair ultimatum game offers

In the ultimatum game, one player proposes a split of money between him- or herself and another player, who can accept the offer (and both players keep the allocated money) or reject the offer (and both players get nothing). The present study examined predictors of accepting unfair ultimatum offers. In Study 1, 184 participants responded to an unfair ultimatum offer, completed a measure of cognitive reflection, and completed a self-report measure of rational and experiential thinking. Slightly more than half of the participants (54.3%) accepted the unfair offer, and cognitive reflection was positively correlated with accepting unfair offers. The rational and experiential thinking scales were not significantly correlated with ultimatum decisions. In Study 2, 306 participants responded to 20 ultimatum offers that varied in fairness and completed an expanded measure of cognitive reflection. Performance on the cognitive reflection measure predicted the number of ultimatum offers accepted. These results suggest that rejecting ultimatum offers is related to intuitive, heuristic-based thinking, whereas accepting offers is related to deliberate, analytic-based thinking.
The Antecedents of Open Business Models: An Exploratory Study of Incumbent Firms

Firms engage increasingly in open business models. While most research has previously focused on typologies or challenges of open business models, their specific antecedents have not been studied so far. We use data from eight open business model cases to explore this question and identify five main antecedents of open business models: (1) business model inconsistency, (2) need to create and capture new value, (3) previous experience with collaboration, (4) open business model patterns, and (5) industry convergence. Based on openness characteristics from the existing literature, we differentiate four basic types of open business models and develop an initial understanding of the relevance of the identified antecedents for each of them. We thereby provide first guidelines for practitioners in choosing the right form of business model openness for their company.
Does Frequent Eating Out Cause Undesirable Food Choices? Association of Food Away from Home with Food Consumption Frequencies and Obesity among Korean Housewives

This study examined the relationship among socioeconomic factors, frequency of food away from home (FAFH) and food-consumption patterns of 1,070 housewives, and the association of those factors with obesity, using data from the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Although lower intakes of fruits, meats, and fast foods were associated with seldom eating out, no consistent pattern was observed regarding the relationship between the frequency of FAFH and food consumption for all groups of housewives. Further analysis indicated that obesity rates were lower among housewives aged 20–49 years with 7–12 years of education and moderate eating-out frequency, compared to older, less educated women. It appeared that reducing the frequency of FAFH does not always entail desirable food intakes among full-time housewives in Korea. Our findings suggest that choosing healthy meals away from home is more important for housewives than refraining from eating out.
Determination of delay in burn around time (TAT) of stat tests and its causes: an AKUH experience.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the delay and reasons of delay of turn around time (TAT) of stat tests in the section of clinical chemistry of the clinical laboratory. SETTING Clinical Laboratory, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. PATIENTS AND METHODS In our study turn around time (TAT) of stat tests were analyzed. Turn around time was specified as the time from receipt of the sample till the final verification of results (sample receipt time to result verification time). Delays were categorized into 15 minutes, 16-30 minutes, 31 to 60 minutes and > 60 minutes. It was also noted as to which time of the day was delay in reporting stat results occurred. Reasons for the delay were also looked into. RESULTS Total 20079 stat samples were received from August 2001 till October 2001. Four hundred eight (2.03%) samples were reported after the acceptable turnaround time. Cumulative analysis of the excess TAT of stat tests showed that 0-15 minutes delay was noted in 68 (16.7%) samples, 16-30 minutes delay in 80(19.6%) samples, 31-60 minutes delay in 76 (18.6%) samples as and more than 60 minutes delay in 185 (45.3%) of samples. Most of the delay in reporting of stat test in three months time was surprisingly noted in the morning shift. Overall delay in reporting in morning shift was found to be of 242 (59.3%) samples. In the evening and night shift 83 (20.3%) and 82 (20.1%) samples respectively were found to be delayed. Reasons for delay in TAT were as follows: n = 163 (40%) due to machine breakdown, n = 147(36%) due to delay in the maintenance of analyzers, n = 73 (18%) due to overlook of the staff during shift change (e.g. night shift to morning shift) and n = 25 (6%) due to computer shutdown. CONCLUSION We conclude that most of the delay in TAT of stat tests in our laboratory occurred for more than 60 minutes and was frequently seen in the morning shift. It was also noticed that machine breakdown was the most common reason for this delay. Regular audit of such data helps in the evaluation of the efficiency of the laboratory and hence corrective measures taken accordingly would be helpful in providing better service to the physicians and patients.
Are the Tokyo Grain Exchange non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) and conventional soybean futures markets integrated?

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to test the market linkage and the strength of the linkage between the identity-preserved (IP) non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) and non-IP conventional soybean futures markets at the Tokyo Grain Exchange (TGE) when effects from structural breaks are considered. Design/methodology/approach - The Johansen method is used for testing the market linkage and the law of one price (LOP) test is performed to find out the strength of the linkage. The Bai-Perron test is conducted on the price series to identify the structural breaks. After the breaks are statistically determined by the Bai-Perron test the Johansen tests are conducted for every break period. Findings - Market linkage exists between the non-GMO and conventional soybean futures markets but the LOP test suggests that the two markets are not fully linked and the relative price of the two soybeans is not constant. The breaks identified in the study affected the market linkage; the price relationship is lost during the break periods. Practical implications - The results of this study help explain the value of other new markets where the product traded is a close substitute for an existing market. Originality/value - This is the first study to apply the market integration theory to an IP market. The TGE non-GMO soybean contract is the first market price series with sufficient information to appropriately model a price integration linkage for an IP market. The result is valuable in the future when more markets for IP commodities are developed.
Strategic Change in Firms Following Private Equity Acquisition: An Ex Post Study of U.K. Technology, Industrial, and Communications Firms

This article examines strategic change and value creation in U.K. technology, industrial, and communications buyouts. Over recent years, the U.K. has been the largest European private equity market and these sectors have been the most significant in terms of aggregate deal value. Seven distinct post-acquisition strategies were found to have been adopted by the buyout firms in the research sample. In support of previous research, the findings confirm that a common approach is to focus on core business and to divest non-core assets. However, a more surprising finding is that there is often no significant change to strategic direction. This leads to the conclusion that other methods of creating value, such as through corporate finance restructuring or through efficiency improvements, are often the principal means of creating value in these firms.
Development of compatible air-gap etalons used with both terahertz wave and near-infrared light

We have developed compatible air-gap etalons that can be used with both terahertz (THz) waves and near-infrared (NIR) light. The free spectral ranges for a THz wave and NIR light were in good agreement. This result shows that the air-gap etalons can be used to link the frequencies of two rays. This new type of etalon has potential for use as a simple and easy validation tool for THz time-domain spectroscopy.
Accounting for Air Pollution Emissions in Measures of State Manufacturing Productivity Growth

A Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index is employed to account for both marketed output and the output of pollution abatement activities of U.S. state manufacturing sectors for -1986. The index allows us to decompose the change in productivity into measures of change in efficiency and technical change. By accounting for the change in emissions, average annual productivity growth is 3.6 percent, whereas it is 1.7 percent when emissions are ignored. We also find adjusted productivity growth improved after 1977, and "Frost Belt" states with rapidly growing manufacturing sectors have significantly higher rates of productivity growth than "Sun Belt" states with slow growing manufacturing sectors. Copyright 2001 Blackwell Publishers
Morphological Survey of the Cervicothoracic Junctional Region

Study Design Vertebral morphology of the cervicothoracic junctional region was studied using the C6 to T4 vertebrae from 51 disarticulated skeletons (26 males and 25 females). Objectives Orientation of the facet joint pair relative to the plane of the superior endplate and the sagittal reference was recorded. A vertebral index was developed to compare the superior endplate surface area with the posterior vertebral body height. Summary of Background Data Vertebral morphometry was recorded for comparison with the limited published data for this region. Methods The disc‐facet angle was measured using a zygapophysial endplate protractor and the facet angle recorded from computer‐aided digitizing of photographs of each segment. Vertebral dimensions were measured using Mitutoyo digital calipers. Results A marked change in disc‐facet angle from C6 to T1 was recorded, with the incidence of right versus left asymmetry highest at the T1 level. The incidence of facet angle asymmetry greater than 10° was 24% at C6, 18% at C7, and 16% at T1. The vertebral index indicated no significant gender difference. Conclusion Consistent with other junctional regions of the spine, the cervicothoracic transition has significant morphological variations.
From professional ethics to ethics in professional life : implications for learning, teaching and study.

This short piece offers some reflections on features of the traditional professional ethics literature, focusing on codes, conduct and rational decision-making in difficult cases. It is argued that this kind of approach offers a rather artificial, abstract and narrow conception of ethics. Consideration is then given to what might be the implications for learning and teaching of shifting emphasis towards a more embedded conception of ethics in professional life, with a focus on the commitment and character of professional practitioners and the specificities of the contexts in which they work.
Neural Response Generation with Dynamic Vocabularies

We study response generation for open domain conversation in chatbots. Existing methods assume that words in responses are generated from an identical vocabulary regardless of their inputs, which not only makes them vulnerable to generic patterns and irrelevant noise, but also causes a high cost in decoding. We propose a dynamic vocabulary sequence-to-sequence (DVS2S) model which allows each input to possess their own vocabulary in decoding. In training, vocabulary construction and response generation are jointly learned by maximizing a lower bound of the true objective with a Monte Carlo sampling method. In inference, the model dynamically allocates a small vocabulary for an input with the word prediction model, and conducts decoding only with the small vocabulary. Because of the dynamic vocabulary mechanism, DVS2S eludes many generic patterns and irrelevant words in generation, and enjoys efficient decoding at the same time. Experimental results on both automatic metrics and human annotations show that DVS2S can significantly outperform state-of-the-art methods in terms of response quality, but only requires 60% decoding time compared to the most efficient baseline.
Citalopram and fluoxetine affects blood chemistry, hematology and brain serotonin in rats.

BACKGROUND Depression is caused as a result of combination of genetic, biochemical, environmental, and psychological factors. Citalopram and fluoxetine are antidepressants which are considered the current standard for depression treatment. There are little or no reports as to whether these antidepressants affect blood chemistry and haematological parameters in humans. OBJECTIVE The effects of citalopram and fluoxetine on blood chemistry, hematology and brain serotonin in rats were investigated. METHODS Forty-five Sprague Dawley male albino rats (140.69 +/- 5.86g) were divided into 3 equal groups. The first group of rats were orally administered 2 ml of 0.25 mg/ml of citalopram, the second group was administered 2 ml of 0.25 mg/ml of fluoxetine and the third group was administered 2 ml of saline (0.89% NaCl) daily for 4 weeks. The body weights and feed intake of rats were recorded every other day throughout the duration of drug administration. Five rats from each group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of drug administration. Blood was taken intravenously into lithium heparinized tubes and brain excised. Blood chemistry and hematology were determined by auto analyzer, while brain serotonin levels were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Serum levels of creatinine, urea, albumin, protein, glucose and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were determined in rats administered citalopram, fluoxetine and saline. The packed cell volume, white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets of rats administered the respective drugs were determined. RESULTS There was no significant (P > 0.01) difference in the mean body weight of rats administered fluoxetine, citalopram or saline for 2 weeks. There were no significant differences in the hematological parameters of rats. The results of the study showed that citalopram increase the body weight of rats in the third and fourth week and was reduced in fluoxetine administered rats. The drugs also affected brain serotonin level, lipid profile of rats and increased levels of albumin, glucose and activities of liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSION Data of the study indicate that oral administration of citalopram and fluoxetine in rats for 4 weeks daily affected blood chemistry and do not affect haematological parameters.
The Micro Effects of Inflation on Corporate Taxation and Profitability: Some Empirical Evidence for Seventeen Industry Groups

This study provides some estimates for the following micro effects of inflation: the depreciation effect; the inventory effect; and the net monetary effect. The results indicate that these distributive effects of inflation lead to non-trivial reallocations of wealth between the different sectors of the economy. Furthermore, the study identifies those industry groups which have benefited from these effects and those industry groups which have ‘lost out’ due to these effects.