Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
: False positives in short-segment nerve conduction studies due to ulnar nerve dislocation

The possibility that a technical error may occur during nerve conduction studies due to ulnar nerve dislocation when the elbow is flexed has recently been suggested. We investigated normal volunteers using ultrasonography to observe the effects of ulnar nerve dislocation during elbow flexion on short-segment nerve conduction studies. We found significant conduction block in all of the subjects with ulnar nerve dislocation, and the finding was defined as a technical error caused by volume conduction. The results of the present study suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of short-segment nerve conduction studies at the across-elbow segment due to the possibility of technical error induced by ulnar nerve dislocation. GLOSSARY NCS (cid:1) nerve conduction study; S-NCS (cid:1) short-segment NCS; UNE (cid:1) ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Neurology ® 2008;70:e9–e13
Fully Coupled Finite-Element Analysis for Surface Discharge on Solid Insulation in Dielectric Liquid With Experimental Validation

Surface discharge initiation and propagation on the surface of an insulating solid immersed in a dielectric liquid were examined numerically and experimentally. To establish a generalized numerical technique for evaluating surface discharge phenomena using the electrohydrodynamics (EHD) approach, we employed the governing equations of EHD, including the Navier-Stokes equations. To these coupled governing equations, we added a temporal surface charge equation for the charge accumulation on a dielectric liquid-solid interface, as well as terms for ionization, dissociation, and recombination effects. To validate our numerical technique, we compared numerical solutions for breakdown voltage and current with the results of the experimental tests of a needle-bar system with a dielectric liquid-solid interface. The calculated propagation speeds of the surface discharge were compared with the experimental values reported in the literature and found to be in good agreement.
APPROXIMATION AND COMPARISON FOR NONSMOOTH ANISOTROPIC MOTION BY MEAN CURVATURE IN ℝN

We prove that a reaction-diffusion inclusion provides a sub-optimal approximation for anisotropic motion by mean curvature in the nonsmooth case. This result is valid in any space dimension and with a time-dependent driving force, provided we assume the existence of a regular flow. The crystalline case is included. As a by-product of our analysis, a comparison theorem between regular flows is obtained. This result implies uniqueness of the original flow.
“Community leadership and the challenges of community development in Nigeria: The case of Boki local government area, Cross River State”

This study examines the level and extent to which community leaders contribute towards successful community development projects in Boki Local Government Area, Cross River State. A total of 150 community leaders selected through multi-stage sampling technique participated in the study. Frequency counts, percentage, Group Arithmetic Mean and Mean Weight Value were utilized in realizing the objectives of the study. It was observed that leadership positions are not the exclusive preserve of a particular sex, age group, marital status or educational status; rather result indicated that the duration of residence of community leaders is a significant factor in the success of community development projects in the study area. The study concluded that knowledge on the level to which community leaders have participated in community development, and the challenges they face have serious implications for achieving sustainable community development projects. It was recommended among others that for sustainable community development to be achieved in the area, specific and deliberate strategies should be evolved to remedy some of the problems identified. The study suggests that more and dedicated community leaders should be identified and responsibilities aimed at improving the welfare of the people assigned to them.
Inside the Promotional Vortex

When Canadian Simon Whitfield won the gold medal in the first ever Olympic Men’s Triathlon at the 2000 Sydney Games, the Canadian media labeled him an ‘Olympic champion’ and ‘golden boy’ and constructed his victory as ‘heroic’ and emblematic of Canadian character. Positive media attention led to several sponsorship contracts which in turn led to more media coverage about his success, with the result that Whitfield became a media celebrity and product endorser in Canada. In this article we examine the media production processes that led to the construction of Whitfield’s positive media image and the impact of this coverage on his marketability. Through interviews with five national and regional newspaper journalists who wrote stories about Whitfield and four national marketers who worked on his sponsorship campaigns, as well as with Whitfield himself, we demonstrate how media and marketing production are linked as part of a promotional chain. In the case of Whitfield, this promotional chain resulted in media coverage that was similar across various newspapers, and which served in the construction of media and marketing coverage of Whitfield that affirmed dominant meanings of sport culture in Canada.
Identification of IRS-1 Ser-1101 as a target of S6K1 in nutrient- and obesity-induced insulin resistance

S6K1 has emerged as a critical signaling component in the development of insulin resistance through phosphorylation and inhibition of IRS-1 function. This effect can be triggered directly by nutrients such as amino acids or by insulin through a homeostatic negative-feedback loop. However, the role of S6K1 in mediating IRS-1 phosphorylation in a physiological setting of nutrient overload is unresolved. Here we show that S6K1 directly phosphorylates IRS-1 Ser-1101 in vitro in the C-terminal domain of the protein and that mutation of this site largely blocks the ability of amino acids to suppress IRS-1 tyrosine and Akt phosphorylation. Consistent with this finding, phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser-1101 is increased in the liver of obese db/db and wild-type, but not S6K1−/−, mice maintained on a high-fat diet and is blocked by siRNA knockdown of S6K1 protein. Finally, infusion of amino acids in humans leads to the concomitant activation of S6K1, phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser-1101, a reduction in IRS-1 function, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. These findings indicate that nutrient- and hormonal-dependent activation of S6K1 causes insulin resistance in mice and humans, in part, by mediating IRS-1 Ser-1101 phosphorylation.
Salivary protein concentration, flow rate, buffer capacity and pH estimation: A comparative study among young and elderly subjects, both normal and with gingivitis and periodontitis

Background: To evaluate the salivary protein concentration in gingivitis and periodontitis patients and compare the parameters like salivary total protein, salivary albumin, salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity and flow rate in both young and elderly patients with simple methods. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects were grouped based on their age as young and elderly. Each group was subgrouped (20 subjects) as controls, gingivitis and periodontitis. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from patients and flow rate was noted down during collection of the sample. Salivary protein estimation was done using the Biuret method and salivary albumin was assessed using the Bromocresol green method. pH was estimated with a pHmeter and buffering capacity was analyzed with the titration method. Student's t-test, Fisher's test (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD (ANOVA) tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: A very highly significant rise in the salivary total protein and albumin concentration was noted in gingivitis and periodontitis subjects of both young and elderly. An overall decrease in salivary flow rate was observed among the elderly, and also the salivary flow rate of women was significantly lower than that of men. Conclusion: Significant associations between salivary total protein and albumin in gingivitis and periodontitis were found with simple biochemical tests. A decrease in salivary flow rate among elderly and among women was noted.
Investigating the effects of sound masking on the use of audio CAPTCHAs

The SoundsRight Audio Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) was developed with the goal of providing a usable and secure audio CAPTCHA for people with visual impairments. Its design requires users to repeatedly identify a specific sound from a group of different sounds (e.g. baby crying and bird chirping) in real time. Adding background noise (sound masks) to the sounds may make it more difficult for automated software to recognise the sounds and therefore, improve security. However, the sound masks may also make it more challenging for human users to recognise the sound. We conducted a user study involving 20 blind participants and 20 sighted participants to investigate the effect of sound masks on the usability of the SoundsRight CAPTCHA. The results suggest that sound masks do have a significant impact on the failure rate and response time. Sighted participants had significantly a higher failure rate than blind participants and were more vulnerable to the negative effect of sound masks.
The empathizing–systemizing (E–S) model of autism and psychoanalytic theories of truth, play and symbolization

Little psychoanalytic material or theory features today in psychological work on autism and autistic traits and vice versa. Baron-Cohen's (2003) empathizing–systemizing (E–S) model of the autism spectrum posits two main clusters of autistic features: those surrounding impaired empathy, and those surrounding heightened systemizing behaviours. (Baron-Cohen, 2009) speculates that the common root of these two clusters is the individual's concept of truth. Psychoanalysis has addressed the related issue of internal and external reality since (Freud, 1897) differentiated ‘psychic’ from ‘historical’ truths. This could be of interest to those espousing the E–S model from a cognitive paradigm, as a ‘truth’-oriented cognitive style in autism may develop interdependently with the individual's experience of internal and external realities. Psychoanalysis has developed further ideas of relevance to the E–S model surrounding play and symbolization, the latter being an often-overlooked aspect of Wing and Gould's (1979) triad of autistic features. Seen from a psychodynamic perspective, the E–S model might provide a means to increase therapists' awareness of milder autistic traits amongst service users and analysands. Equally, it could offer a tool to structure empirical research into psychodynamic therapy with autism spectrum conditions.
Fisher information and optimal schemes in progressive Type-II censored samples

This article deals with two results for the computation of the Fisher information (FI) in progressive Type-II censored data; the results simplifies the calculation of the FI in any progressive censored data. The FI is presented as a sum of the FI in the smallest order statistics. The results are used to obtain the optimal censoring schemes in the progressive Type-II censored data for two optimality criteria that are based on the inverse of the exact FI. The methodology is illustrated with the normal and the Weibull distributions, which are popular models in the lifetime analysis.
Governance of the American Economy

List of contributors List of figures List of tables Preface Part I. Conceptual and Historical Foundations: 1. Economic governance and the analysis of structural change in the American economy Leon N. Lindberg, John L. Campbell and J. Rogers Hollingsworth 2. The logic of coordinating American manufacturing sectors J. Rogers Hollingsworth Part II. Empirical Studies of Governance of the American Transformations in the United States: 3. Transformations in the governance of the American telecommunications industry Kenneth N. Bickers 4. Contradictions of governance in the nuclear energy sector John L. Campbell 5. The statist evolution of rail governance in the United States, 1830-1986 Robert Dawson Kennedy Jr 6. Governance of the steel industry: what caused the disintegration of the oligopoly? Christoph Scherrer 7. Governance of the automobile industry: the transformation of labour and and supplier relations Christoph Scherrer 8. The dairy industry: form yeomanry to the institutionalization of multilateral governance Brigitte Young 9. Economic governance and the American meatpacking industry John Portz 10. The invisible hand in healthcare: the rise of financial markets in the US hospital industry Patricia J. Arnold Part III. Theoretical Evaluation of the Empirical Cases: 11. The evolution of governance regimes John L. Campbell and Leon N. Lindberg 12. The state and the organization of economic activity Leon N. Lindberg and John L. Campbell References Index.
World Society, the Nation-State, and Environmental Protection

This article comments on the implications of Frank Hironaka and Schofer’s paper regarding world society nation-state and environmental protection. The arguments presented in their paper provide a noteworthy contribution to the understanding of states and environments. The paper documents that the global organizational-homogenization process is relevant to environmental protection institutions policies and practices. Moreover the authors acknowledge that there are arenas of environmental protection policy in which the impetus has come from the nation-states of the developing world rather than being diffused from the world society to the less modern nation-states. Finally the article suggests that McMichaels approach to a world-systemic context be adopted to provide a template for world society researchers for the development of a more nuanced view of the antecedents and consequences of structural homogenization.
Ethnicity, Attributions for Offending Behaviour, and Judgements of Responsibility and Severity of Sentence

An attribution model was used to explore whether a male offender's ethnicity impacted on how responsible he was judged to be for his offending behaviour in a sample drawn from the Perth metropolitan community in Western Australia and how severe the imposed sentence was perceived to be. While an offender's ethnicity had no direct effect on judgements of responsibility and sentence severity, the causal factors for an offence were attributed as more stable when the offender was identified as an Indigenous Australian. Responsibility was predicted by attributions of controllability for both Anglo-Australian and Indigenous offenders, and locus of control for Indigenous offenders only. Severity of sentence was predicted by locus of control for both Anglo-Australian and Indigenous offenders; stability for Indigenous offenders; and being male and responding to a violent offence for Anglo-Australian offenders. A number of theoretical and practical implications arising from these findings are discussed.
Learning by doing – An exploration of experience, critical incidents and reflection in entrepreneurial learning

This research explores the learning process of entrepreneurs in relation to the parallel processes of personal and business development. Building on theories of individual learning and of the business life‐cycle, this paper discusses the impact of critical incidents from an individual perspective and, in particular, their role within entrepreneurial learning. A phenomenological case study approach was employed, with the sample consisting of six small business owners. The interviews concentrated on the developmental history of the business, focusing on critical incidents as they arose in the general conversation. The findings emphasise the complexity of the concept of “critical incident” and demonstrate that entrepreneurs often face prolonged and traumatic critical periodsor episodes, illustrating the emotionally‐laden nature of these events. Furthermore, the critical incidents described here resulted in fundamental, higher‐level learning, and highlight the need for mentoring support programmes designed to help entrepreneurs to interpret critical incidents as learning experiences, in order to increase the power of the learning outcomes. The authors conclude by stressing the need for further theory development that conceptualises the complex and dynamic interactivity between the individual and the business.
VISION BASED MODELING AND LOCALIZATION FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION ROVERS

Exploration of large unknown planetary environments will rely on rovers that can autonomously cover distances of kilometres and maintain precise information about their location with respect to local features. During such traversals, the rovers will create photo-realistic three dimensional (3D) models of visited sites for autonomous operations on-site and mission planning on Earth. Currently rover position is estimated using wheel odometry, which is sucient for short traversals but as error accumulates quickly, it is unsuitable for long distances. At MD Robotics, we are working on imaging technologies for future planetary rover missions. Two complementary technologies are currently investigated: a stereo based vision system and a scanning time-of-flight LIDAR system. Both imaging systems have been installed on board of two experimental rovers and tested in laboratory and outdoor environments. With stereo cameras, the rover can create photo-realistic 3D model as well as provide visual odometry that is more accurate than the rover dead reckoning. With the LIDAR, the rover can match 3D scans to estimate the relative location to improve the wheel and visual odometry.
Emu Oil: A novel therapeutic for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract?

Gastrointestinal diseases characterized by inflammation, including the inflammatory bowel diseases, chemotherapy‐induced mucositis and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced enteropathy, currently have variably effective treatment options, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Recently, naturally‐sourced agents including prebiotics, probiotics, plant‐extracts and marine‐derived oils known to possess anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant properties have been investigated in vitro and in vivo. However, animal‐derived oils are yet to be extensively tested. Emu Oil is extracted from the subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat of the Emu, a flightless bird native to Australia, and predominantly comprises fatty acids. Despite the limited rigorous scientific studies conducted to date, with largely anecdotal claims, Emu Oil, when administered topically and orally, has been shown to possess significant anti‐inflammatory properties in vivo. These include a CD‐1 mouse model of croton oil‐induced auricular inflammation, experimentally‐induced polyarthritis and dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis. Recently, Emu Oil has been demonstrated to endow partial protection against chemotherapy‐induced mucositis, with early indications of improved intestinal repair. Emu Oil could therefore form the basis of an adjunct to conventional treatment approaches for inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal system.
Possible Selves and Future Orientation:

To explore the structure and function of the aspirations of Latino boys and girls, theoretical and methodological approaches of future orientation and possible selves were integrated. In interviews with 38 students, the content, priority, optimism, internality, temporal extension, and specificity of students’ hoped-for selves were assessed. Students showed high educational and occupational aspirations and high rates of optimism and internal control across five domains of hoped-for selves. The occupational domain was a greater priority for boys than for girls. Girls reported more constrained views of their futures than did boys. Students reported global fears in the domain of personal well-being, and limited specificity within occupational and educational domains. The combination of limited specificity and global fears might result in an imbalance between hoped-for and feared selves. The imbalance might have negative repercussions for students’ future academic motivation and highlights the possible need for further research and possible educational reform.
Sub-Saharan Africa's orphan crisis

English The dramatic increase in the number of children made vulnerable by AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa has necessitated research in treatment and prevention. We contribute to the current discussion on the orphan crisis by proposing a multifaceted approach utilizing institutional characteristics, with greater potential to strengthen community capacity and empower vulnerable children. French L'accroissement phénoménal des enfants vulnérabilisés par le SIDA en Afrique sub-saharienne a eu pour effet de stimuler la recherche en matière de traitements et de prévention. Cette étude s'inscrit dans la réflexion courante sur la crise des orphelinats et propose une approche multidimensionnelle qui tire parti des caractéristiques institutionnelles tout en renforçant les capacités des communautés et en redonnant davantage du pouvoir aux enfants vulnérables. Spanish El dramático incremento en el número de niños que se han hecho vulnerables por el SIDA, en el África Subsahariana, ha hecho necesaria la investigación en tratamiento y prevención. Nosotros aportamos a la discusión actual sobre la crisis de huérfanos, proponiendo un acercamiento multifacético, utilizando las características institucionales con mayor potencial para fortalecer la capacidad comunitaria y empoderar a los niños vulnerables.
Individual and contextual determinants of innovative work behaviour: Proactive goal generation matters

This study examines the extent to which proactive goal generation is a self-regulatory mechanism that explains how individual and contextual factors influence employee innovative work behaviour. Specifically, it is proposed that learning goal orientation (LGO), psychological climate for innovation, and task variety positively and indirectly influence innovative behaviour via proactive goal generation activities, namely envisioning and planning. Additionally, LGO is expected to positively moderate the planning�innovation link. Based on data collected at two points in time on a sample of 107 employees from 12 small Italian enterprises, we found that envisioning and planning mediated the positive impact of LGO, psychological climate for innovation, and task variety on innovative behaviour. Furthermore, the relationship between planning and innovative behaviour was stronger when LGO was higher. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis with Dietary Interventions

Self-help by means of dietary interventions can help in management of various disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a debilitating autoimmune disease. Dietary interventions necessitate a widespread appeal for both patients as well as clinicians due to factors including affordability, accessibility, and presence of scientific evidences that demonstrate substantial benefits in reducing disease symptoms such as pain, joint stiffness, swelling, tenderness and associated disability with disease progression. However, there is still an uncertainty among the community about the therapeutic benefits of dietary manipulations for RA. In the present review, we provide an account of different diets and their possible molecular mechanism of actions inducing observed therapeutic benefits for remission and management of RA. We further indicate food that can be a potential aggravating factor for the disease or may help in symptomatic relief. We thereafter summarize and thereby discuss various diets and food which help in reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines in RA patients that may play an effective role in management of RA following proper patient awareness. We thus would like to promote diet management as a tool that can both supplement and complement present treatment strategies for a better patient health and recovery.