Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pandemic Influenza Due to pH1N1/2009 Virus: Estimation of Infection Burden in Reunion Island through a Prospective Serosurvey, Austral Winter 2009

Background To date, there is little information that reflects the true extent of spread of the pH1N1/2009v influenza pandemic at the community level as infection often results in mild or no clinical symptoms. This study aimed at assessing through a prospective study, the attack rate of pH1N1/2009 virus in Reunion Island and risk factors of infection, during the 2009 season. Methodology/Principal Findings A serosurvey was conducted during the 2009 austral winter, in the frame of a prospective population study. Pairs of sera were collected from 1687 individuals belonging to 772 households, during and after passage of the pandemic wave. Antibodies to pH1N1/2009v were titered using the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) with titers ≥1/40 being considered positive. Seroprevalence during the first two weeks of detection of pH1N1/2009v in Reunion Island was 29.8% in people under 20 years of age, 35.6% in adults (20–59 years) and 73.3% in the elderly (≥60 years) (P<0.0001). Baseline corrected cumulative incidence rates, were 42.9%, 13.9% and 0% in these age groups respectively (P<0.0001). A significant decline in antibody titers occurred soon after the passage of the epidemic wave. Seroconversion rates to pH1N1/2009 correlated negatively with age: 63.2%, 39.4% and 16.7%, in each age group respectively (P<0.0001). Seroconversion occurred in 65.2% of individuals who were seronegative at inclusion compared to 6.8% in those who were initially seropositive. Conclusions Seroincidence of pH1N1/2009v infection was three times that estimated from clinical surveillance, indicating that almost two thirds of infections occurring at the community level have escaped medical detection. People under 20 years of age were the most affected group. Pre-epidemic titers ≥1/40 prevented seroconversion and are likely protective against infection. A concern was raised about the long term stability of the antibody responses.
Development, Validation, and Deployment of a Revised Air Traffic Control Color Vision Test: Incorporating Advanced Technologies and Oceanic Procedures and En Route Automation Modernization Systems

Air traffic control specialists (ATCSs) are responsible for the safe, efficient, and orderly flow of traffic in the United States National Airspace System. Color is an integral element of the air traffic control environment. Color is used to communicate information to controllers about various modes or air traffic functions, including conflict alerts, aircraft control status, weather identification, and airspace identification. The Aerospace Human Factors Research Division (AAM-500) of the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute developed the Air Traffic Color Vision Test (ATCOV) to determine whether individuals with color vision deficiencies (CVDs) have adequate color vision to perform critical color-related tasks involved in air traffic control. New research was required to integrate Advanced Technologies and Oceanic Procedures (ATOP, or Ocean21) and En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) display systems into the ATCOV. The research team conducted a study to validate the addition of Ocean21 and ERAM items into ATCOV subtests. The results of this study provided evidence of the reliability and construct validity of the revised test. It also established performance norms for subjects with normal color vision on modified subtests, determined the cut scores to apply to the revised ATCOV (version 6.1), and examined the impact of testing upon a sample of CVD subjects. Color vision ability sufficient to perform duties safely remains critical to air traffic services in the National Airspace System. Evidence of content validity for ATCS duties is provided through direct sampling of form and content of critical display data. Evidence of construct validity is provided by correlation with the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis Test threshold scores, which precisely measure color vision ability. This resulted in a job sample test closely tied to critical task information communicated using color on air traffic displays. ATCOV 6.1 makes use of formats and color chromaticity deployed for critical information on air traffic displays, as defined by published analyses of ATCS tasks, including Ocean21 and ERAM.
FAST ALGORITHM FOR ESTIMATING MUTUAL INFORMATION, ENTROPIES AND SCORE FUNCTIONS

This papers proposes a fast algorithm for estimating the mutual information, difference score function, conditional score and conditional entropy, in possibly high dimensional space. The idea is to discretise the integral so that the density needs only be estimated over a regular grid, which can be done with little cost through the use of a cardinal spline kernel estimator. Score functions are then obtained as gradient of the entropy. An example of application to the blind separation of post-nonlinear mixture is given.
A Study of Clinical Spectrum And Risk Factors of Cerebral Palsy in Children

Aim And Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. The aim of our study is to define the clinical spectrum and risk factors associated with CP in children. Materials And Methods: This was a hospital based observational study, 100 consecutive children diagnosed to have cerebral palsy attending the Department of Pediatrics, SVS Medical college and Hospital, Mahabubnagar. Thorough history was taken and detailed examination was done in order to classify the type of cerebral palsy, to find out the associated abnormalities and to identify the risk factors. Necessary investigations were done, wherever indicated to find out the etiology and to find out the associated problems. Results: A total of 100 cases were studied, among them male predominance was observed (66%),majority were first born(60%),65% patients had micrcephay, Natal risk factors were commonest, among them perinatal asphyxia(40%) and preterm/LBW (33%) contributing majority. Spastic CP(88%) was most common physiological type, and quadriplegia (54%) was the most common topographical type observed in this study. Mental retardation(42%) followed by seizures(36%) was the most common comorbidity. Conclusion-Intranatal risk factors are the predominant risk factors in this study due to significant number of deliveries occurring at home and lack of widespread availability of adequate neonatal resuscitation facilities and advanced neonatal care. High risk pregnancies should be identified and managed appropriately. Incidence can effectively be lowered by increasing standard of delivery rooms, delivery teams, neonatal transport and neonatal intensive care units.
WIMP dark matter and unitarity-conserving inflation via a gauge singlet scalar

A gauge singlet scalar with non-minimal coupling to gravity can drive inflation and later freeze out to become cold dark matter. We explore this idea by revisiting inflation in the singlet direction (S-inflation) and Higgs Portal Dark Matter in light of the Higgs discovery, limits from LUX and observations by Planck. We show that large regions of parameter space remain viable, so that successful inflation is possible and the dark matter relic abundance can be reproduced. Moreover, the scalar singlet can stabilise the electroweak vacuum and at the same time overcome the problem of unitarity-violation during inflation encountered by Higgs Inflation, provided the singlet is a real scalar. The 2-σ Planck upper bound on ns imposes that the singlet mass is below 2 TeV, so that almost the entire allowed parameter range can be probed by XENON1T.
Magnitude of cone beam CT image artifacts related to zirconium and titanium implants: impact on image quality.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the magnitude of artifacts related to titanium and zirconium implants at different distances and angulations and their impact on cone beam CT(CBCT) image quality. METHODS CBCT images were obtained before and after the insertion of titanium and zirconium implants in a mandible on different CBCT units: Picasso Trio, ProMax 3D and 3D Accuitomo 80. Artifact was assessed by measuring the standard deviation (SD) of gray values and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 11 regions of interest (ROIs) at different distances (1.5 cm, 2.5 cm and 3.5 cm) and angulations (65°, 90°, 115° and 140°) from implant region. RESULTS For titanium images, SD values did not differ from those of images without implant in all ROIs; however, some effect occurred in Picasso images as higher values were observed in ROIs closer to the implant (p < 0.05). Zirconium images showed higher SD values than the others in some ROIs for Picasso and ProMax (p < 0.05). In ProMax, the difference was observed even in the farthest ROIs from the implant. CNR values were not influenced by the ROI in Picasso, but presented lower values in ROIs closer to the zirconium implant for ProMax and Accuitomo. CONCLUSIONS The quantity and magnitude of artifacts in CBCT are influenced by the type of implant and CBCT unit. Although they are more pronounced in regions closer to the implant and located at 90° in relation to the mandibular long axis, they can reach as far as 3.5 cm from the artifact-generator object.
DROW: Real-Time Deep Learning-Based Wheelchair Detection in 2-D Range Data

We introduce the DROW detector, a deep learning-based object detector operating on 2-dimensional (2-D) range data. Laser scanners are lighting invariant, provide accurate 2-D range data, and typically cover a large field of view, making them interesting sensors for robotics applications. So far, research on detection in laser 2-D range data has been dominated by hand-crafted features and boosted classifiers, potentially losing performance due to suboptimal design choices. We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based detector for this task. We show how to effectively apply CNNs for detection in 2-D range data, and propose a depth preprocessing step and a voting scheme that significantly improve CNN performance. We demonstrate our approach on wheelchairs and walkers, obtaining state of the art detection results. Apart from the training data, none of our design choices limits the detector to these two classes, though. We provide a ROS node for our detector and release our dataset containing 464 k laser scans, out of which 24 k were annotated.
Characterization of Long-Term Effector-Memory T-Cell Responses in Patients with Resected High-Risk Melanoma Receiving a Melanoma Peptide Vaccine

The authors determined whether long-term memory T cells could be detected in patients who received a multipeptide vaccine for high-risk resected melanoma. Five HLA-A*0201 patients received a vaccine that included the gp100209-217 (210M) peptide with Montanide ISA 51. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained before therapy, after 6 months of vaccinations, and from 18 months to 36 months later. The presence of gp100 antigen-specific cytolytic T cells was measured by ELISPOT, tetramer and chromium release assays. Tetramer-positive CD8+ cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry for markers including CD44, CD45RA, and CCR7. T-cell avidity and its evolution over time were examined in selected patients. Epitope spreading was analyzed by assessment of gp100280-288 (288V) T cells. All patients exhibited a significant increase in tetramer-positive gp100-specific CD8+ T cells that decayed at different rates over 18 to 36 months after vaccinations. Cells from all patients exhibited an effector-memory phenotype and were generally CD45 RA low/CCR7 negative and CD44 positive. Tetramer-positive cells declined over time in four of the five patients, but the proportion of tetramer-positive CD8+ cells that secreted gamma-interferon rose, suggesting enrichment for effector cells. Epitope spreading for the gp100280-288 (288V) epitope was detected. One patient maintained a population of 2.5% circulating gp100 tetramer-positive cells over 36 months. Avidity analysis showed no changes over time after induction of antigen-specific T cells. Vaccination with a heteroclitic melanoma antigen peptide with Montanide ISA 51 generated populations of circulating functional effector-memory T cells that were specific for gp100 and long-lived in the circulation for periods of 18 to 36 months after vaccination.
Family and Labor Market Choices: Requirements to Guide Effective Evidence-Based Policy

Microsimulation methods and models of labor market decisions have attracted a lot of attention as an approach to the assessment of consequences of family related policies in the area of labor market and fertility. We set these models in the context of relevant demographic theories and present them from the point of view of their potential as tool to guide effective policy making with the aim to reconcile the objectives of increasing female participation and fertility and reducing poverty levels among families with children.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Anticholinergics in Korean Children with Overactive Bladder: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

We investigated the efficacy and tolerability of various anticholinergics in Korean children with non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB). A total of 326 children (males:females= 157:169) aged under 18 yr (mean age 7.3±2.6 yr) who were diagnosed with OAB from 2008 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean duration of OAB symptoms before anticholinergic treatment was 16.9±19.0 months. The mean duration of medication was 5.6±7.3 months. Urgency urinary incontinence episodes per week decreased from 1.9±3.1 to 0.4±1.5 times (P<0.001). The median voiding frequency during daytime was decreased from 9.2±5.4 to 6.3±4.2 times (P<0.001). According to 3-day voiding diaries, the maximum and average bladder capacity were increased from 145.5±66.9 to 196.8±80.3 mL and from 80.8±39.6 to 121.8±56.5 mL, respectively (P<0.001). On uroflowmetry, maximum flow rate was increased from 17.6±8.4 to 20.5±8.2 mL/sec (P<0.001). Adverse effects were reported in 14 (4.3%) children and six children (1.8%) discontinued medication due to adverse effects. Our results indicate that anticholinergics are effective to improve OAB symptoms and tolerability was acceptable without severe complications in children.
Concurrent visual and hearing impairment and risk of mortality: the National Health Interview Survey.

OBJECTIVE To determine the association between reported concurrent visual and hearing impairment and risk of mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Annual cross-sectional multistage area probability surveys of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population living at addressed dwellings were conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md. Mortality linkage with the National Death Index of participants from 1986 to 1994 was performed through 1997. Complete reported visual and hearing impairment data and survival status were available for 116 796 adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 3620 participants reported visual impairment only, 12 330 reported hearing impairment only, and 1461 reported concurrent visual and hearing impairment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of mortality. RESULTS Mortality linkage identified 8949 deaths with an average follow-up of 7.0 years. After controlling for survey design, age, marital status, educational level, self-rated health, and number of nonocular and nonauditory conditions, white participants and "other-race" participants, but not African American participants, reporting concurrent visual and hearing impairment had significantly increased risk of mortality in comparison with their counterparts reporting no impairment (white participants: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.46 for men and HR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.37-1.93 for women; African American participants: HR = 1.50, 95% CI, 0.94-2.40 for men and HR = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.51-1.63 for women; participants of other races: HR = 2.47, 95% CI, 1.33-4.57 for men and HR = 2.23, 95% CI, 1.01-4.90 for women). Risk of mortality was generally greater for participants reporting concurrent impairment as compared with that for participants reporting either visual impairment alone or hearing impairment alone. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, white persons and those of other races, but not African American persons, reporting concurrent visual and hearing impairment have an increased risk of mortality. Reported concurrent impairment is an independent predictor of mortality among white persons and those of other races for both men and women.
Perceived Partner Responsiveness Predicts Diurnal Cortisol Profiles 10 Years Later

Several decades of research have demonstrated that marital relationships have a powerful influence on physical health. However, surprisingly little is known about how marriage affects health—both in terms of psychological processes and biological ones. Over a 10-year period, we investigated the associations between perceived partner responsiveness—the extent to which people feel understood, cared for, and appreciated by their romantic partners—and diurnal cortisol in a large sample of married and cohabitating couples in the United States. Partner responsiveness predicted higher cortisol values at awakening and steeper (i.e., healthier) cortisol slopes at the 10-year follow-up. These associations remained strong after we controlled for demographic factors, depressive symptoms, agreeableness, and other positive and negative relationship factors. Furthermore, declines in negative affect over the 10-year period mediated the prospective association between responsiveness and cortisol slope. These findings suggest that diurnal cortisol may be a key biological pathway through which social relationships affect long-term health.
Distortion of Hausdorff measures and improved Painlevé removability for quasiregular mappings

The classical Painlev\'e theorem tells that sets of zero length are removable for bounded analytic functions, while (some) sets of positive length are not. For general $K$-quasiregular mappings in planar domains the corresponding critical dimension is $\frac{2}{K+1}$. We show that when $K>1$, unexpectedly one has improved removability. More precisely, we prove that sets $E$ of $\sigma$-finite Hausdorff $\frac{2}{K+1}$-measure are removable for bounded $K$-quasiregular mappings. On the other hand, $\dim(E) = \frac{2}{K+1}$ is not enough to guarantee this property. We also study absolute continuity properties of pull-backs of Hausdorff measures under $K$-quasiconformal mappings, in particular at the relevant dimensions 1 and $\frac{2}{K+1}$. For general Hausdorff measures ${\cal H}^t$, $0 < t < 2$, we reduce the absolute continuity properties to an open question on conformal mappings.
Predictors of Antenatal Depression Among Jordanian Pregnant Women in Their Third Trimester

Antenatal depression has not been well studied worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and predictors of antenatal depression among Jordanian pregnant women in their third trimester. A correlational design was used with a convenience sample of 218 Jordanian pregnant women. Data were collected using valid and reliable measures and were analyzed with regression. Fifty-seven percent of the women displayed symptoms of depression. Thirty-seven percent (34% adjusted) of the variability in depression levels was predicted by knowing scores on life satisfaction, perceived stress, family and nonfamily stressful relationships, education, and parity. For that, antenatal depression needs early detection and treatment.
REGULARIZING PRIORS FOR LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS

This paper proposes a new Bayesian approach for estimating, nonparametrically, functional parameters in econometric models that are characterized as the solution of a linear inverse problem. By using a Gaussian process prior we propose the posterior mean as an estimator and prove frequentist consistency of the posterior distribution. The latter provides the frequentist validation of our Bayesian procedure. We show that the minimax rate of contraction of the posterior distribution can be obtained provided that either the regularity of the prior matches the regularity of the true parameter or the prior is scaled at an appropriate rate. The scaling parameter of the prior distribution plays the role of a regularization parameter. We propose a new data-driven method for optimally selecting in practice this regularization parameter. We also provide sufficient conditions such that the posterior mean, in a conjugate-Gaussian setting, is equal to a Tikhonov-type estimator in a frequentist setting. Under these conditions our data-driven method is valid for selecting the regularization parameter of the Tikhonov estimator as well. Finally, we apply our general methodology to two leading examples in econometrics: instrumental regression and functional regression estimation.
A low dose of nicotine is sufficient to produce nicotine withdrawal in mice

The objective of our study was to investigate whether the chronic administration of a low dose of nicotine can be followed by a withdrawal syndrome at cessation of nicotine delivery. Pre-vious studies showed various results, depend-ing in the doses of nicotine, species, ways of administration and behavioural paradigms, but all emphasized a withdrawal effect on some or all of the following spontaneous behaviours: grooming, rearing, body shake or tremor, body scratching, abdominal constriction, jumping. However, it is not clear which behaviour is ex-actly altered, as a global behavioural index is most frequently used. This is not clear either if anxiety modulates the behavioral expression of withdrawal or which factors contribute to its locomotors effect, if any. To distant-angle these processes, we scored each of these behaviours individually before nicotine exposure, during continuous nicotine delivery and at cessation of nicotine delivery after precipitated withdrawal by mecamylamine injection. We also measured locomotor activity and anxiety levels in the same animals. We used a low dose of nicotine (2.4 mg/kg/day as free base) that has been pre-viously shown to produce nicotinic receptors up-regulation, both in the brain and in blood cells. With such a low dose, nicotine withdrawal didn’t affect locomotion nor anxiety levels but increased the number of rearing, jumping, and marginally, body-scratching. Other behaviours, classically considered to contribute to with-drawal syndrome, were unaffected, e.g., groom- ing, body or forelimb shakes. Our results show that anxiety may be dissociated from the be-havioural withdrawal syndrome. Also, the se-verity of the syndrome produced by nicotine withdrawal is qualitatively and quantitatively different from the one induced by other drugs of abuse and also by the one produced by nicotine at higher doses.
Use of Herbal Plants in Poultry Health Management in the Mushagashe Small-Scale Commercial Farming Area in Zimbabwe

For poor smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, conventional drugs have become very expensive and an out-of-reach resource for the health man- agement of chickens. A diagnostic survey was undertaken in the Mushagashe district in Zimbabwe to determine the extent of the usage of Aloe veraand Aloe spicatain the health man- agement of chickens. A total of 103 structured questionnaires were distributed to randomly selected farmers who owned chickens. Avian coccidiosis was found to be prevalent in chick- ens (90.5%). The other major poultry diseases reported were Marek's disease (100%), fowl typhoid (50.5%), Newcastle disease (42.1%), and fowl coryza, in order of occurrence. A vera a n dA spicatawere the predominantly used plant species for chicken health management. Other ethnoveterinary drugs that were used include Lycopersicon esculentum, M y r o t h a m n u s