Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AIDS, travel and migration: legal and human rights aspects.

This article discusses the legal and human rights aspects of AIDS, travel, and migration in Africa. Restrictions upon migration and travel in the context of HIV/AIDS have directed attention on the jeopardy of free international movement and the need to uphold it. International travel and migration have been blamed for introducing HIV and restrictions imposed to prevent the import of such disease. Contemporary legal and administrative barriers to free movement of people across national borders are similar to the physical barriers imposed to prevent the spread of diseases in past centuries. However, physical barriers failed to prevent the international spread of diseases and legal and administrative barriers have been proven ineffective. Meanwhile, responses to HIV/AIDS set patterns for other health-related issues and to affect the entire legal framework of international travel and migration. Based on previous studies, data on migratory flows and numbers of travelers and migrants are scarce in Africa. Migrants represent more or less 10% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa or 35 million persons, including some 60 million refugees.
One-shot calibration of rf circuits based on non-intrusive sensors

We propose a post-fabrication calibration technique for RF circuits that is performed during production testing with minimum extra cost. Calibration is enabled by equipping the circuit with tuning knobs and sensors. Optimal tuning knob identification is achieved in one-shot based on a single test step that involves measuring the sensor outputs once. For this purpose, we rely on variation-aware sensors which provide measurements that remain invariant under tuning knob changes. As an auxiliary benefit, the variation-aware sensors are non-intrusive and totally transparent to the circuit. The technique is demonstrated on a 65nm RF power amplifier.
Why Openness to Experience is not a Good Predictor of Job Performance

Recent meta-analyses investigating the relationship between personality and job performance have found that openness to experience is the least predictive of the Big Five factors. Unlike other research that has sought to explain the low criterion-validity with relation to job performance, this study explores the actual construct of openness to experience, suggesting that it consists of two dimensions that relate differentially to job performance, thus reducing correlations between overall measures of openness to experience and performance criteria. Exploratory factor analysis of the six sub-dimensions, or facets, of the NEO PI-R (a popular measure of the Big Five factors) produced two factors of openness to experience corresponding to different areas to which people are open. A confirmatory factor analysis on a second set of data provided some support for this result. A pattern of differential relationships between the two factors and other variables including personality, biodata and supervisor-rated performance offered further support for the multidimensionality of openness to experience. The implications of these findings for future research in the selection context are discussed.
Urinary bladder cancer in yemen.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are to highlight the clinicopathological features of urinary bladder cancer in Yemen, and to describe the histological grading of urothelial neoplasms according to the World Health Organization and International Society of Urologic pathology (WHO/ISUP 1998) classification. METHODS This is a descriptive record-based study of 316 cases of bladder cancer diagnosed by two pathologists at the Department of pathology, Sana'a University from 1(st) January 2005 to 30(th) April 2009. The diagnoses were made on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and categorized according to WHO/ISUP 1998 classification. RESULTS Out of 316 urinary bladder cancers, 248 (78%) were urothelial neoplasms, 53 (17%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 7 (2%) were adenocarcinoma, and 3 (1%) were rhabdomyosarcoma. The remaining cases were metastatic carcinomas (n=3), small cell carcinoma (n=1), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=1). The urothelial neoplasms observed were carcinoma in situ 4 (2%), papilloma 7 (3%), papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential 26 (11%), papillary urothelial carcinoma of low grade 107 (43%), papillary urothelial carcinoma of high grade 18 (7%), and non-papillary urothelial carcinoma of high grade 85 (34%), with 60 years mean age for males and 58 years for females; along with a male to female ratio of 4:1. The peak incidence was observed in the 61-70 years age group. CONCLUSION This study documents a high frequency of urothelial neoplasms, mostly papillary urothelial carcinoma of low grade and non-papillary urothelial carcinoma of high grade with male preponderance and peak incidence in 6(th) decade of age.
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): ugriz galaxy luminosity functions

Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) is a project to study galaxy formation and evolution, combining imaging data from ultraviolet to radio with spectroscopic data from the AAOmega spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Using data from Phase 1 of GAMA, taken over three observing seasons, and correcting for various minor sources of incompleteness, we calculate galaxy luminosity functions (LFs) and their evolution in the ugriz passbands. At low redshift, z < 0.1, we find that blue galaxies, defined according to a magnitude-dependent but non-evolving colour cut, are reasonably well fitted over a range of more than 10 magnitudes by simple Schechter functions in all bands. Red galaxies, and the combined blue plus red sample, require double power-law Schechter functions to fit a dip in their LF faintwards of the characteristic magnitude M* before a steepening faint end. This upturn is at least partly due to dust-reddened disc galaxies. We measure the evolution of the galaxy LF over the redshift range 0.002 < z < 0.5 both by using a parametric fit and by measuring binned LFs in redshift slices. The characteristic luminosity L* is found to increase with redshift in all bands, with red galaxies showing stronger luminosity evolution than blue galaxies. The comoving number density of blue galaxies increases with redshift, while that of red galaxies decreases, consistent with prevailing movement from blue cloud to red sequence. As well as being more numerous at higher redshift, blue galaxies also dominate the overall luminosity density beyond redshifts z≃ 0.2. At lower redshifts, the luminosity density is dominated by red galaxies in the riz bands, and by blue galaxies in u and g.
Similarity Measures Based on Imperfect Domain Theories

A pocket for a tennis ball which is attachable to a garment and which will retain the ball without interfering with the activity of the participant during play. The pocket includes a base element for attachment to the garment and which has affixed thereto and across, an extensible elastic fabric material of sufficient elasticity to receive and hold the ball, permit ready removal thereof and which will lie flat and unobstrusive when empty. The elastic material is capable of bilateral extension and conforms in shape to the outer edge of the base element which is generally provided with a pair of straight parallel edges joined at one end by a semicircular segment to form a "U. " The outer edge of the base element and elastic material are joined together along this edge as by stitching, adhesive or any other suitable means. This aforedescribed structure is open at one end and there is provided a closure means across the elastic material to insure proper closing thereacross. This latter means can take the form of an elastic piping or a multiple foldover of the elastic material. The pocket, thus formed, is suitably affixed to the garment as by a thermosetting adhesive on the base element surface opposite the pocket, or physically attached by stitch sewing, by buttons or where applicable, by a zipper. Additionally, a dual pocket can be formed by merely forming the backing and the elastic material each in a unitary shape resembling a pair of "U" s joined at the center arm and stitched thereacross. Reduced to a basic configuration, it is merely necessary to affix the elastic fabric material directly to the garment such as tennis shorts, and thus delete entirely the backing material element.
Duality of a Source Coding Problem and the Semi-Deterministic Broadcast Channel With Rate-Limited Cooperation

The Wyner-Ahlswede-Körner (WAK) empirical-coordination problem where the encoders cooperate via a finite-capacity one-sided link is considered. The coordination-capacity region is derived by combining several source coding techniques, such as Wyner-Ziv coding, binning, and superposition coding. Furthermore, a semi-deterministic (SD) broadcast channel (BC) with one-sided decoder cooperation is considered. Duality principles relating the two problems are presented, and the capacity region for the SD-BC setting is derived. The direct part follows from an achievable region for a general BC that is tight for the SD scenario. A converse is established by using telescoping identities. The SD-BC is shown to be operationally equivalent to a class of relay-BCs, and the correspondence between their capacity regions is established. The capacity region of the SD-BC is transformed into an equivalent region that is shown to be dual to the admissible region of the WAK problem in the sense that the information measures defining the corner points of both regions coincide. Achievability and converse proofs for the equivalent region are provided. For the converse, we use a probabilistic construction of auxiliary random variables that depends on the distribution induced by the codebook. Several examples illustrate the results.
The effects of supervisory threat on decision making and risk taking in a simulated combat game.

William Tell's tour de force with the crossbow is probably the most celebrated example of performance unimpaired (possibly improved) by psychological stress. Stage fright has been known to ruin a performance and also to make it great. At any rate, the question of how psychological stress affects performance is an open one, probably because many kinds of performances, conditions, and types of threat are subsumed under the question. In this paper, the effect of threat (in the form of a severely displeased military superior) is examined with respect to a task involving vigilance, data processing, and decision making in simulated (automated) combat.
Mild hearing loss: performance in the Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test.

BACKGROUND hearing loss during childhood is considered a risk factor for developmental delay. AIM to verify the performance of children diagnosed with mild hearing loss, conductive and sensorineural, in the Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test (SAAAT). The purpose of the study was to verify if the test is influenced by the presence of hearing impairment. METHOD a clinical study of the SAAAT considering three groups: Group 1 (G1) control group composed by children with normal hearing, Group 2 (G2) composed by children with mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and Group 3 (G3), composed by children with mild bilateral conductive hearing loss. Participants were children with ages between 7 and 11 years; 30 children in each group. A prospective study. INTERVENTIONS Pure Tone Audiometry, Acoustic Imittance Measures and SAAAT. RESULT children with sensorineural and conductive hearing loss presented a lower performance in all of the SAAT results when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION the SAAAT was influenced by the presence of mild hearing impairment, considering that the greatest influence was observed in the presence of sensorineural hearing loss.
Proteomic Characterization of Annexin l (ANX1) and Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) as Biomarkers for Invasive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

To search for reliable biomarkers and drug targets for management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed a global proteomic analysis of a pair of HCC cell lines with distinct differentiation statuses using 2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF MS. In total, 106 and 55 proteins were successfully identified from the total cell lysate and the cytosolic, nuclear and membrane fractions in well-differentiated (HepG2) and poorly differentiated (SK-Hep–1) HCC clonal variants, respectively. Among these proteins, nine spots corresponding to proteins differentially expressed between HCC cell types were selected and confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Notably, Annexin 1 (ANX1), ANX–2, vimentin and stress-associated proteins, such as GRP78, HSP75, HSC–70, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and heat shock protein–27 (HSP27), were exclusively up-regulated in SK-Hep–1 cells. Elevated levels of ANX–4 and antioxidant/metabolic enzymes, such as MnSOD, peroxiredoxin, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-enolase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, were observed in HepG2 cells. We functionally demonstrated that ANX1 and HSP27 were abundantly overexpressed only in highly invasive types of HCC cells, such as Mahlavu and SK-Hep–1. Knockdown of ANX1 or HSP27 in HCC cells resulted in a severe reduction in cell migration. The in-vitro observations of ANX1 and HSP27 expressions in HCC sample was demonstrated by immunohistochemical stains performed on HCC tissue microarrays. Poorly differentiated HCC tended to have stronger ANX1 and HSP27 expressions than well-differentiated or moderately differentiated HCC. Collectively, our findings suggest that ANX1 and HSP27 are two novel biomarkers for predicting invasive HCC phenotypes and could serve as potential treatment targets.
Characteristics of Plantar Loads in Maximum Forward Lunge Tasks in Badminton

Background Badminton players often perform powerful and long-distance lunges during such competitive matches. The objective of this study is to compare the plantar loads of three one-step maximum forward lunges in badminton. Methods Fifteen right-handed male badminton players participated in the study. Each participant performed five successful maximum lunges at three directions. For each direction, the participant wore three different shoe brands. Plantar loading, including peak pressure, maximum force, and contact area, was measured by using an insole pressure measurement system. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to determine the effects of the different lunge directions and different shoes, as well as the interaction of these two variables, on the measurements. Results The maximum force (MF) on the lateral midfoot was lower when performing left-forward lunges than when performing front-forward lunges (p = 0.006, 95% CI = −2.88 to −0.04%BW). The MF and peak pressures (PP) on the great toe region were lower for the front-forward lunge than for the right-forward lunge (MF, p = 0.047, 95% CI = −3.62 to −0.02%BW; PP, p = 0.048, 95% CI = −37.63 to −0.16 KPa) and left-forward lunge (MF, p = 0.015, 95% CI = −4.39 to −0.38%BW; PP, p = 0.008, 95% CI = −47.76 to −5.91 KPa). Conclusions These findings indicate that compared with the front-forward lunge, left and right maximum forward lunges induce greater plantar loads on the great toe region of the dominant leg of badminton players. The differences in the plantar loads of the different lunge directions may be potential risks for injuries to the lower extremities of badminton players.
Sociocultural Correlates of Achievement Among Three Generations of Mexican American High School Seniors

The present investigation examines the relationship of Spanish language background to achievement among first-, second-, and third-generation Mexican American high school seniors. The effects of students’ and mothers’ aspirations were also examined. The data used in this study were from the first phase of the High School and Beyond (Jones et al., 1982) study. Achievement measures included standardized tests of math, reading, and English vocabulary. Four Spanish language variables were also included. These were as follows: mother tongue, home language, oral proficiency in Spanish, and Spanish literacy. Socioeconomic background variables included both father’s and mother’s education and family income. Consistent with previous research, students’ aspirations showed the strongest positive relationship to achievement for all generational groups. Although Spanish language background showed practically no relationship to achievement for first- and second-generation students, the linguistic variables showed mixed effects for third-generation students. In general, Spanish language effects on achievement were minimal, thus arguing against the position that Spanish impedes the academic achievement of Hispanic students.
Dynamical evolution analysis of the object-oriented software systems

Software evolution and update play a vital role in software engineering. It has many advantages, such as improving the efficiency of programming, reducing the cost of maintenance and promoting the development of software systems. This paper further analyzes the evolution and update processes of three typical kinds of real-world object-oriented software systems by using the tools of complex networks. It discovers some underlying dynamical evolution characteristics and rules of the object- oriented software systems. These results are very useful for the design and development of the object-oriented software systems.
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF HAEMOPROTEUS DANILEWSKYI (HAEMOSPORINA: HAEMOPROTEIDAE) IN BLUE JAYS (CYANOCITTA CRISTATA) IN SOUTHCENTRAL FLORIDA

Prevalence and density of Haemoproteus danilewskyi was studied in a population of free-ranging blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) in southcentral Florida (USA) from May 1992 to December 1995. Prevalence of infection was 27% for data combined over years, seasons, ages, and sexes. Prevalence did not vary between sexes or among years, but increased with age and varied with season, being highest in June–July and lowest in November–January. Parasite density did not vary between sexes or among seasons, but was higher in younger birds when controlling for season. To determine periods of natural transmission, seasonal patterns of infection were compared with previous month abundance of the biting fly vectors. Mean monthly prevalence of H. danilewskyi in older jays was positively correlated with previous month abundance of Culicoides edeni and C. arboricola, both capable of sporogonic development of H. danilewskyi.
Interrogating video data: systematic quantitative analysis versus micro‐ethnographic analysis

This paper demonstrates how systematic observation software, such as The Observer XT, can be used to organise and manage large video corpora, assist in case selection, and facilitate comparability and cross referencing with a corpus. While this software has conventionally been used to produce quantitative results that can be subjected to statistical analyses, it will be argued that it can also assist in complementary qualitative analyses. Drawing upon data from a recent study of classroom discourse, the paper shows how a combination of systematic quantitative analysis and micro‐ethnographic analysis can lead to a productive cycle of generating and testing hypotheses, maintaining qualitative and ethnographic insight while producing findings of a more generalisable kind.
An Investigation of Metrics for the In Situ Detection of Software Expertise

Task-based analysis is a common and effective way to measure expertise levels of software users. However, such assessments typically require in-person laboratory studies and inherently require knowledge of the user's task. Today, there is no accepted method for assessing a user's expertise levels outside of a lab, during a user's own home or work environment activities. In this article, we explore the feasibility of software applications automatically inferring a user's expertise levels, based on the user's in situ usage patterns. We outline the potential usage metrics that may be indicative of expertise levels and then perform a study, where we capture such metrics, by installing logging software in the participants' own workplace environments. We then invite those participants into a laboratory study and perform a more traditional task-based assessment of expertise. Our analysis of the study examines if metrics captured in situ, without any task knowledge, can be indicative of user expertise levels. The results show the existence of significant correlations between metrics calculated from in situ usage logs, and task-based user expertise assessments from our laboratory study. We discuss the implications of the results and how future software applications may be able to measure and leverage knowledge of the expertise of its users.
Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease

Although, better known for its role in inflammation, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has more recently been implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. This has been, in part, to the discovery of its localization not just in glia, cells that are integral to mediating the inflammatory process in the brain, but also neurons. Several effectors of neuronal NF-κB have been identified, including calcium, inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha), and the induction of experimental paradigms thought to reflect learning and memory at the cellular level (i.e., long-term potentiation). NF-κB is also activated after learning and memory formation in vivo. In turn, activation of NF-κB can elicit either suppression or activation of other genes. Studies are only beginning to elucidate the multitude of neuronal gene targets of NF-κB in the normal brain, but research to date has confirmed targets involved in a wide array of cellular processes, including cell signaling and growth, neurotransmission, redox signaling, and gene regulation. Further, several lines of research confirm dysregulation of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized clinically by a profound deficit in the ability to form new memories. AD-related neuropathology includes the characteristic amyloid beta plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles. Although, such neuropathological findings have been hypothesized to contribute to memory deficits in AD, research has identified perturbations at the cellular and synaptic level that occur even prior to more gross pathologies, including transcriptional dysregulation. Indeed, synaptic disturbances appear to be a significant correlate of cognitive deficits in AD. Given the more recently identified role for NF-κB in memory and synaptic transmission in the normal brain, the expansive network of gene targets of NF-κB, and its dysregulation in AD, a thorough understanding of NF-κB-related signaling in AD is warranted and may have important implications for uncovering treatments for the disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of our current understanding of the gene targets of this transcription factor in neurons in the intact brain and provide an overview of studies investigating NF-κB signaling, including its downstream targets, in the AD brain as a means of uncovering the basic physiological mechanisms by which memory becomes fragile in the disease.