Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood-Related Neural and Behavioural Phenotypes in Na+,K+-ATPase α3 Missense Mutant Mice

Missense mutations in ATP1A3 encoding Na+,K+-ATPase α3 have been identified as the primary cause of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), a motor disorder with onset typically before the age of 6 months. Affected children tend to be of short stature and can also have epilepsy, ataxia and learning disability. The Na+,K+-ATPase has a well-known role in maintaining electrochemical gradients across cell membranes, but our understanding of how the mutations cause AHC is limited. Myshkin mutant mice carry an amino acid change (I810N) that affects the same position in Na+,K+-ATPase α3 as I810S found in AHC. Using molecular modelling, we show that the Myshkin and AHC mutations display similarly severe structural impacts on Na+,K+-ATPase α3, including upon the K+ pore and predicted K+ binding sites. Behavioural analysis of Myshkin mice revealed phenotypic abnormalities similar to symptoms of AHC, including motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment. 2-DG imaging of Myshkin mice identified compromised thalamocortical functioning that includes a deficit in frontal cortex functioning (hypofrontality), directly mirroring that reported in AHC, along with reduced thalamocortical functional connectivity. Our results thus provide validation for missense mutations in Na+,K+-ATPase α3 as a cause of AHC, and highlight Myshkin mice as a starting point for the exploration of disease mechanisms and novel treatments in AHC.
The Efficacy of Group Versus One-to-One Instruction: A Review

The issue of pup versus one-to-one instruction and training is explored through a review of relevant reseanh in this area. Distinctions between the concept of individualized instruction and one-to-one instruction are presented Discussion of the research focuses on the concerns of effectiveness, eficiency, and social benfits. Implications for educational programming and fiture research are presented.
How training and promotion opportunities, career expectations, and two dimensions of organizational justice explain discretionary work effort

ABSTRACT Contemporary work is highly interdependent, requiring discretionary work effort (DWE) in response to colleagues and customers. According to social exchange theory, organizational support encourages DWE as a form of employee reciprocation. Our model integrating social exchange and expectancy theory anticipates future career returns from organizational support in the form of training and promotion opportunity. Positive career expectations strengthen feelings of employee obligation that are realized in higher levels of DWE. In addition, career expectations are heightened when these opportunities are provided under procedurally just conditions. Furthermore, the relationship between career expectation and felt obligation is strengthened when interactional justice is high. Using structural equation modeling, these hypotheses are successfully tested on a survey of 201 bank employees and their supervisors. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Multi-domain active learning for text classification

Active learning has been proven to be effective in reducing labeling efforts for supervised learning. However, existing active learning work has mainly focused on training models for a single domain. In practical applications, it is common to simultaneously train classifiers for multiple domains. For example, some merchant web sites (like Amazon.com) may need a set of classifiers to predict the sentiment polarity of product reviews collected from various domains (e.g., electronics, books, shoes). Though different domains have their own unique features, they may share some common latent features. If we apply active learning on each domain separately, some data instances selected from different domains may contain duplicate knowledge due to the common features. Therefore, how to choose the data from multiple domains to label is crucial to further reducing the human labeling efforts in multi-domain learning. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-domain active learning framework to jointly select data instances from all domains with duplicate information considered. In our solution, a shared subspace is first learned to represent common latent features of different domains. By considering the common and the domain-specific features together, the model loss reduction induced by each data instance can be decomposed into a common part and a domain-specific part. In this way, the duplicate information across domains can be encoded into the common part of model loss reduction and taken into account when querying. We compare our method with the state-of-the-art active learning approaches on several text classification tasks: sentiment classification, newsgroup classification and email spam filtering. The experiment results show that our method reduces the human labeling efforts by 33.2%, 42.9% and 68.7% on the three tasks, respectively.
Organizational Readiness for Business Process Outsourcing: A Model of Determinants and Impact on Outsourcing Success

In innovation adoption literature, the important role of the organizational context as a determinant of information systems (IS) success has long been pointed out. Various factors such as top management support, process formalization, and availability of resources have been shown to contribute to the successful implementation of new information systems. By drawing on relevant insights from IT innovations literature, our conceptual piece of research aims at identifying organizational context factors which are critical for the success of business process outsourcing (BPO) as part of a firm's overall business process management activities. More specifically, process readiness, IT readiness and business management readiness are proposed to be important dimensions of organizational readiness for BPO. Furthermore, IT business alignment, as a routine-based process of knowledge sharing and creation, is proposed to be a driver of organizational readiness for BPO.
Bayesian Helmholtz Stereopsis with Integrability Prior

Helmholtz Stereopsis is a 3D reconstruction method uniquely independent of surface reflectance. Yet, its sub-optimal maximum likelihood formulation with drift-prone normal integration limits performance. Via three contributions this paper presents a complete novel pipeline for Helmholtz Stereopsis. First, we propose a Bayesian formulation replacing the maximum likelihood problem by a maximum a posteriori one. Second, a tailored prior enforcing consistency between depth and normal estimates via a novel metric related to optimal surface integrability is proposed. Third, explicit surface integration is eliminated by taking advantage of the accuracy of prior and high resolution of the coarse-to-fine approach. The pipeline is validated quantitatively and qualitatively against alternative formulations, reaching sub-millimetre accuracy and coping with complex geometry and reflectance.
Impact of Siwes on Electrical Technology Education Students’ Skill Acquisition

This study investigated the impact of students’ industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) on electrical technology education students’ skill acquisition in Ebonyi State of Nigeria. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. It was a survey research design and the entire population of electrical technology education lecturers and SIWES students were used,being a total of 56.No sampling was carried out due to the handle-ablesize of the population. A structured and face validated questionnaire was used for data collection with the computed coefficient of stability being 0.97. The research questions were answered with mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested with student’s t-test statistic at 0.05 level of significance. Fifteen major electrical practical skills were found to be impacted by SIWES together with twenty good work-habit, public relations and social services skills. Keywords: electrical, technology education, Siwes, skills, acquisition, IT.
ARC syndrome: an expanding range of phenotypes

AIM To describe the clinical phenotype in infants with ARC syndrome, the association of arthrogryposis, renal tubular acidosis, and cholestasis. METHODS The medical records for six patients with ARC syndrome were reviewed, presenting over 10 years to three paediatric referral centres. RESULTS All patients had the typical pattern of arthrogryposis. Renal Fanconi syndrome was present in all but one patient, who presented with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Although all patients had severe cholestasis, serum γ glutamyltransferase values were normal. Many of our patients showed dysmorphic features or ichthyosis. All had recurrent febrile illnesses, diarrhoea, and failed to thrive. Blood films revealed abnormally large platelets. CONCLUSIONS ARC syndrome exhibits notable clinical variability and may not be as rare as previously thought. The association of Fanconi syndrome, ichthyosis, dysmorphism, jaundice, and diarrhoea has previously been reported as a separate syndrome: our observations indicate that it is part of the ARC spectrum.
Overcoming Challenges in Fixed Point Training of Deep Convolutional Networks

It is known that training deep neural networks, in particular, deep convolutional networks, with aggressively reduced numerical precision is challenging. The stochastic gradient descent algorithm becomes unstable in the presence of noisy gradient updates resulting from arithmetic with limited numeric precision. One of the well-accepted solutions facilitating the training of low precision fixed point networks is stochastic rounding. However, to the best of our knowledge, the source of the instability in training neural networks with noisy gradient updates has not been well investigated. This work is an attempt to draw a theoretical connection between low numerical precision and training algorithm stability. In doing so, we will also propose and verify through experiments methods that are able to improve the training performance of deep convolutional networks in fixed point.
The hippocampus plays a critical role at encoding discontiguous events for subsequent declarative memory expression in mice

The hypothesis that hippocampal activity at encoding is causally related to subsequent declarative memory expression is tested in the mouse, by using lidocaine inactivation of the hippocampus in combination with c‐fos neuroimaging analysis. We employed a two‐stage radial maze paradigm of spatial discrimination, which was previously shown to dissociate between declarative and nondeclarative expression of memory related to the same acquired material. In Stage 1 (encoding), mice learnt the constant location of food among a set of six arms (three baited, three unbaited) by being submitted repeatedly to discontiguous experiences with each arm separately (“go/no‐go” discrimination). In Stage 2 (test‐session), they are challenged with novel presentations of the arms, which are either combined into pairs of opposite valence (“two‐choice” discrimination), or opened all six together (“six‐choice” discrimination). Previous experiments have demonstrated that the “two‐choice” situation is a critical test for declarative memory while “six‐choice” discrimination may rely on procedural memory. We observed that (i) hippocampal activity measured by c‐fos mRNA expression was increased by “go/no‐go” learning, and this activation was blocked by pre‐training local infusions of lidocaine; (ii) when performed just before each session of Stage 1, such inactivation spared the acquisition of “go/no‐go” discrimination but produced, subsequently, a selective deficit in the “two‐choice” test (not in the “six‐choice” test). This study indicates that the hippocampus is “spontaneously” engaged in encoding processes necessary for long‐term storage of discontiguous experiences under a form enabling flexible declarative memory expression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraperitoneal insemination in the rabbit.

Summary. Fifty-four rabbits were inseminated intraperitoneally 3 to 6\m=1/2\ hr before the injection of hcg given to induce ovulation. From 0\m=. \3 to 1\m=. \0 ml of semen or epididymal spermatozoa, containing 10 to 390 \m=x\ 106 spermatozoa was inseminated. Thirty-nine of the does were autopsied 17 to 44 hr after hcg. The proportion of eggs recovered varied from 28 to 95 % and was generally inversely related to that of eggs fertilized, which varied from 20 to 79 %, excluding eighteen does having practically no fertilization. Poor egg recovery and higher fertilization rates tended to be associated with larger numbers of spermatozoa inseminated. In fifteen does examined by laparotomy on Day 10, eight were pregnant with 28 to 36 % ofthe ovulations represented by implants, 68 % ofwhich survived to term. In twenty-five does, inseminated with 100 to 386 \m=x\ 106 epididymal or ejaculated spermatozoa, 0, 10, 15 or 20 hr before giving hcg, 50 to 79 % of the eggs were fertilized, except in the 20-hr group where fertilization failed. Egg recovery improved, from 22 % to a maximum of 91 %, as the interval between insemination and ovulation was extended.
Preemption versus Entrenchment: Towards a Construction-General Solution to the Problem of the Retreat from Verb Argument Structure Overgeneralization

Participants aged 5;2-6;8, 9;2-10;6 and 18;1-22;2 (72 at each age) rated verb argument structure overgeneralization errors (e.g., *Daddy giggled the baby) using a five-point scale. The study was designed to investigate the feasibility of two proposed construction-general solutions to the question of how children retreat from, or avoid, such errors. No support was found for the prediction of the preemption hypothesis that the greater the frequency of the verb in the single most nearly synonymous construction (for this example, the periphrastic causative; e.g., Daddy made the baby giggle), the lower the acceptability of the error. Support was found, however, for the prediction of the entrenchment hypothesis that the greater the overall frequency of the verb, regardless of construction, the lower the acceptability of the error, at least for the two older groups. Thus while entrenchment appears to be a robust solution to the problem of the retreat from error, and one that generalizes across different error types, we did not find evidence that this is the case for preemption. The implication is that the solution to the retreat from error lies not with specialized mechanisms, but rather in a probabilistic process of construction competition.
Hospital admission rates for asthma and pneumonia in Fijian and Indian children

Abstract To confirm the clinical impression that Melanesian Fijian and Fiji Indian children differ in their profiles of respiratory morbidity, national hospital admission statistics for respiratory diseases in children aged 5‐14 years were examined for 4 years between 1985 and 1989. The mean annual admission rate for asthma was three‐fold higher in Indians (1.68/1000) than Fijians (0.56/1000); rate ratio (Indian:Fijian) = 3.00, 95% confidence interval 2.54‐3.55. Conversely, the mean annual admission rate for pneumonia was three‐fold higher in Fijians (1.70/1000) than Indians (0.50/1000); rate ratio (Fijian:Indian) = 3.39 (2.85‐4.03). Admission rates for influenza, tuberculosis and bronchiectasis were also higher in Fijian children. Fijian and Indian children differ in hospital admission rates for respiratory diseases, possibly due to differences in incidence, prevalence or severity.
Incidence of Rearrest After Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Background. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurs in 35.0 to 61.0% of emergency medical services (EMS)-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs); however, not all patients achieving ROSC survive to hospital arrival or discharge. Previous studies have estimated the incidence of some types of rearrest(RA) at 61.0 to 79.0%, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform characteristics of prehospital RA rhythms have not been previously described. Objectives. We sought to determine the incidence of RA in OHCA, to classify RA events by type, and to measure the time from ROSC to RA. We also conducted a preliminary analysis of the relationship between first EMS-detected rhythms and RA, as well as the effect of RA on survival. Methods. The Pittsburgh Regional Clinical Center of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) -sponsored Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) provided cases from a population-based cardiac arrest surveillance program, ROC Epistry. Only OHCA cases of nontraumatic etiology with available and adequate ECG files were included. We analyzed defibrillator–monitor ECG tracings (Philips MRX), patient care reports (PCRs), and defibrillator audio recordings from EMS-treated cases of OHCA spanning the period from October 2006 to December 2008. We identified ROSC and RA through interpretation of ECG tracings and audio recordings. Rearrest events were categorized as ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) based on ECG waveform characteristics. Proportions of RA rhythms were stratified by first EMS rhythm and compared using Pearson's chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to test the predictive relationship between RA and survival to hospital discharge. Results. Return of spontaneous circulation occurred in 329 of 1,199 patients (27.4% [95.0% confidence interval (CI): 25.0–30.0%]) treated for cardiac arrest. Of these, 113 had ECG tracings that were available and adequate for analysis. Rearrest occurred in 41 patients (36.0% [95.0% CI: 26.0–46.0%]), with a total of 69 RA events. Survival to hospital discharge in RA cases was 23.1% (95.0% CI: 11.1–39.3%), compared with 27.8% (95.0% CI: 17.9–39.6%) in cases without RA. Counts of RA events by type were as follows: 17 VF (24.6% [95% CI: 15.2–36.5%]), 20 pulseless VT (29.0% [95.0% CI: 18.7–41.2%]), 26 PEA (37.0% [95.0% CI: 26.3–50.2%]), and six asystole (8.8% [95.0% CI: 3.3–18.0%]). Rearrest was not predictive of survival to hospital discharge; however, initial EMS rhythm was predictive of RA shockability. The overall median (interquartile range) time from ROSC to RA among all events was 3.1 (1.6–6.3) minutes. Conclusion. In this sample, the incidence of RA was 38.0%. The most common type of RA was PEA. Shockability of first EMS rhythm was found to predict subsequent RA rhythm shockability.
Trace Ratio Criterion for Feature Selection

Fisher score and Laplacian score are two popular feature selection algorithms, both of which belong to the general graph-based feature selection framework. In this framework, a feature subset is selected based on the corresponding score (subset-level score), which is calculated in a trace ratio form. Since the number of all possible feature subsets is very huge, it is often prohibitively expensive in computational cost to search in a brute force manner for the feature subset with the maximum subset-level score. Instead of calculating the scores of all the feature subsets, traditional methods calculate the score for each feature, and then select the leading features based on the rank of these feature-level scores. However, selecting the feature subset based on the feature-level score cannot guarantee the optimum of the subset-level score. In this paper, we directly optimize the subset-level score, and propose a novel algorithm to efficiently find the global optimal feature subset such that the subset-level score is maximized. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in comparison with the traditional methods for feature selection.
The association between blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in children: a systematic review

Abstract High blood pressure is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in adults, but whether the same is true in children and young people is not known. This is important to guide management of high blood pressure in children and young people. We aimed to investigate the association in children and young people between blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness, a non-invasive marker of atherosclerosis, through a systematic review. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE and EMBASE. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they included at least one measurement of blood pressure and at least one measurement of ultrasound-derived carotid intima-media thickness, both measured during childhood (0–19 years), and a measure of effect size or correlation between the two measurements. A total of 3748 studies were identified in the initial search, of which 28 studies were included in this review. The results were mixed, but the largest and highest-quality studies suggested an independent positive association between blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in children and young people, even after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. There was no indication of a clear threshold level for the effect of blood pressure on carotid intima-media thickness, hence there are insufficient data to support a pharmacological treatment threshold for the treatment of high blood pressure in children and young people to prevent future cardiovascular disease. The studies included varied widely in terms of quality and design, and it was not possible to combine the data in a meta-analysis. There is likely to be an independent association between blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in childhood, but it is not clear at what point this should be treated.
Dependence of the negative bias temperature instability on the gate oxide thickness

The exact location and type of defects created under negative bias temperature (NBT) stress in pMOS field effect transistors is still a highly debated topic. We present a detailed study on equivalent devices with different oxide thicknesses (5 to 30 nm) where we show experimentally that the basic mechanisms behind the NBT instability are the same in thin and thick oxide technologies. In particular, voltage driven degradation like impact ionization or anode hole injection are not the driving forces for the larger degradation of thick oxide devices. Finally, we show that defects created under NBT stress are not solely located at the interface but extend a few nanometers into the oxide.