Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of EDI Adoption and Integration by U.S. and Japanese Automobile Suppliers

This article examines determinants of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) adoption and integration in 76 U.S. and 93 Japanese automobile suppliers. The article constructs several hypotheses based on the transaction-cost and resource-dependence approaches and tests these hypotheses by data from these suppliers. Our study showed: (1) U.S. firms were more EDI-integrated with their customers, while Japanese firms adopted more EDI with their suppliers; (2) the resource-dependence approach seemed more effective in explaining EDI adoption, while the transaction-cost approach seemed more effective in explaining EDI integration; (3) the transaction-cost approach seemed more suited to the U.S. context, while the resource-dependence approach seemed more suited to the Japanese context; (4) EDI adoption had a positive impact on EDI performance in the U.S., suggesting the higher validity of our framework in the U.S.
Fat as a fuel: emerging understanding of the adipose tissue–skeletal muscle axis

The early pioneers in the field of metabolism during exercise such as Lindhard and Krogh understood the importance of fat as a fuel for muscle contraction. But they could not have understood the details of the pathways involved, as neither the metabolic role of adipose tissue nor the transport role of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma was clearly understood at the time. We now recognize that the onset of muscular contraction coincides with an increase in the delivery of NEFA from adipose tissue, probably coordinated by the sympatho‐adrenal system. During light exercise, adipose tissue‐derived NEFA make up the majority of the oxidative fuel used by muscle. As exercise is prolonged, the importance of NEFA increases. The onset of exercise is marked by an increased proportion of NEFAs entering β‐oxidation rather than re‐esterification and recycling. At moderate intensities of exercise, other sources of fat, potentially plasma‐ and intramyocellular‐triacylglycerol, supplement the supply of plasma NEFA. The delivery of NEFA is augmented by increased adipose tissue blood flow and by other stimuli such as atrial natriuretic peptide. Only during high‐intensity exercise is there a failure of adipose tissue to deliver sufficient fatty acids for muscle (which is coupled with an inability of muscle to use them, even when fatty acids are supplied artificially). This limitation of adipose tissue NEFA delivery may reflect some feedback inhibition of lipolysis, perhaps via lactate, or possibly α‐adrenergic inhibition of lipolysis at very high catecholamine concentrations.
Differences in MYB expression and gene abnormalities further confirm that salivary cribriform basal cell tumors and adenoid cystic carcinoma are two distinct tumor entities.

BACKGROUND In practices, some cases of salivary basal cell tumors that consist mainly of cribriform growth pattern are difficult to differentiate from adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC). Identification of reliable molecular biomarkers for the differential diagnosis between them is required. METHODS Twenty-two cases of cribriform salivary basal cell tumors (at least 10% cribriform pattern present in each tumor) comprising 18 cases of basal cell adenoma (BCA) and four cases of basal cell adenocarcinoma (BcAC) were collected between 1985 and 2008. Twenty cases of cribriform AdCC were retrieved from our archives. MYB protein expression and gene abnormalities were detected in all cases by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses, respectively. RESULTS Neither MYB protein nor split genes were detected in any of the cases of cribriform basal cell tumors, while 55% (11/20) of cases of cribriform AdCC had MYB protein expression. High MYB expression was detected in 81.8% (9/11) cases, while low expression was found in the remaining cases. FISH analysis indicated that nine AdCC tumors with high MYB protein expression were split gene-positive, while MYB gene splitting was not detected in the 11 cases with low or absent MYB protein expression. CONCLUSION The molecular changes in AdCC differ from those associated with cribriform basal cell tumors, which further confirms that cribriform basal cell tumors and AdCC are two distinct tumor entities. Simultaneous detection of MYB protein expression and the associated molecular changes could be beneficial in differentiating salivary cribriform basal cell tumors from AdCC.
The good, the bad, and the ugly of top-down executive control

Author(s): Lee, Taraz | Advisor(s): D'Esposito, Mark | Abstract: Theories of working memory and attention postulate that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) provides top-down signals to other brain regions in order to keep behaviorally relevant sensory information activated and to suppress competing task-irrelevant information. Although there are numerous studies that suggest the PFC is a source of top-down modulation of posterior brain regions, the vast majority of these studies offer only indirect evidence in support of this claim. Additionally, while this executive control is usually thought of as being beneficial to the task at hand, there is reason to believe that there are certain circumstances in which this control is deleterious to performance. Here we provide direct evidence using transcranial magnetic stimulation and neuroimaging that 1) the PFC is a source of top-down control of early visual regions and 2) interfering with PFC function can sometimes lead to paradoxical improvements in task performance.
Simulating vegetation controls on hurricane‐induced shallow landslides with a distributed ecohydrological model

The spatial distribution of shallow landslides in steep forested mountains is strongly controlled by aboveground and belowground biomass, including the distribution of root cohesion. While remote sensing of aboveground canopy properties is relatively advanced, estimating the spatial distribution of root cohesion at the forest landscape scale remains challenging. We utilize canopy height information estimated using lidar (light detecting and ranging) technology as a tool to produce a spatially distributed root cohesion model for landslide hazard prediction. We characterize spatial patterns of total belowground biomass based on the empirically derived allometric relationship developed from soil pit measurements in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina. The vertical distribution of roots and tensile strength were sampled at soil pits allowing us to directly relate canopy height to root cohesion and use this model within a distributed ecohydrological modeling framework, providing transient estimates of runoff, subsurface flow, soil moisture, and pore pressures. We tested our model in mountainous southern Appalachian catchments that experienced a number of landslides during the 2004 hurricane season. Slope stability estimates under the assumption of spatially uniform root cohesion significantly underpredicted both the total number of landslides and the number of “false positives,” unfailed areas of the landscape that were predicted to fail. When we incorporate spatially distributed root cohesion, the accuracy of the slope stability forecast improves dramatically. With the growing availability of lidar data that can be used to infer belowground information, these methods may provide a wider utility for improving landslide hazard prediction and forecasting.
Non-classical transcriptional regulation of HLA-G: an update

• Introduction • HLA‐G gene promoter region: regulatory sites and binding factors ‐ The atypical proximal promoter region of the HLA‐G gene among classical HLA class I genes ‐ Alternative regulatory elements within the HLA‐G gene promoter ‐ The locus control region ‐ cAMP response element/TPA response element ‐ Interferon‐stimulated response element ‐ Heat shock element ‐ Progesterone response element ‐ Leukaemia inhibitory factor target site ‐ Ras response elements ‐ Sequence polymorphism within the HLA‐G gene promoter and 3′UT region ‐ Modulation of HLA‐G transcription by micro‐environmental factors with unidentified target sites ‐ Cytokines, growth factors, and hormones ‐ Hypoxia • Chromatin remodelling at the HLA‐G gene locus • Concluding remarks
Showing Remorse: Law and the Social Control of Emotion

Contents: Towards a constructionist approach to the study of remorse Being and doing: the judicial use of remorse to construct character and community Making monsters: contemporary uses of the pathological approach to remorse Defiance Remorse and social transformation: reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa The social and legal regulation of remorse Bibliography Index.
Low Surface Recombination in InAlAs/InGaAsSb/InGaAs Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

The surface recombination behavior of a series of InAlAs/InGaAsSb/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is investigated. It is found that the InGaAsSb base HBTs have lower emitter periphery surface recombination current density (KSURF) than the HBT with an InGaAs base. It is attributed to the type-I band lineup at the B-E junction and the surface pining of the antimonide base layer. A lower S0 is deduced for the DHBT with a higher Sb content in the InGaAsSb base.
Student Interpretations of a School Closure: Implications for Student Voice in Equity-Based School Reform

Background/Context School closure is becoming an increasingly common policy response to underperforming urban schools. Districts typically justify closure decisions by pointing to schools’ low performance on measures required by No Child Left Behind. Closures disproportionately fall on schools with high percentages of poor and working-class students of color. Few studies have examined how students interpret or respond to school closures. Purpose Our purpose was to document narratives articulated by students about the closure of their high school. Doing so is important because students, particularly students of color from low-income families, are often left out of policy decisions that affect their lives. Population/Participants Research participants were recruited from the population of youth who had attended the closed school and who remained in the district during the subsequent year. Twenty-three percent of students at the school were African American, 75% were Latino, and 2% were White. Over 90% of students were eligible for free and reduced lunch. A total of 106 students responded to surveys and peer interviews, and 12 youth who had dropped out of school participated in focus groups. Research Design This was a youth participatory action research (YPAR) study, designed collaboratively by former Jefferson students, university researchers, and adult community members. Data sources included open-ended surveys, peer interviews, focus groups, and field notes describing public events and YPAR meetings. Findings Our data show that most respondents did not agree with the decision to close their school. Student disagreement surfaced two counternarratives. First, students critiqued the way the decision was made—they felt excluded from the decision-making process that led to closure. Second, they critiqued the rationale for the decision, which suggested that students needed to be rescued from a failing school. Students articulated features of Jefferson that they valued, such as trusting relationships with adults, connection to place, and sense of belonging, which they felt were discounted by the decision. Conclusions/Recommendations Evidence from this study lends support to developmental and political justifications for robust youth participation in equity-based school reform. By developmental justification, we mean evidence that young people were ready to participate, which counters discourses about youth as immature or unprepared. By political justification, we mean evidence that youth articulated interests that were discounted in the decision-making process and that challenged normative assumptions about school quality. In our conclusion, we point to examples of expanded roles that students could play in decision-making processes.
A Low Protein Diet Alters the Balance of Islet Cell Replication and Apoptosis in the Fetal and Neonatal Rat and Is Associated with a Reduced Pancreatic Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II1.

A programmed turnover of pancreatic beta cells occurs in the neonatal rat involving a loss of beta cells by apoptosis, and their replacement by islet cell replication and neogenesis. The timing of apoptosis is associated with a loss of expression of a survival factor, insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), in the pancreatic islets. Offspring from rats chronically fed a low protein isocalorific diet (LP) exhibit a reduced pancreatic beta cell mass at birth and a reduced insulin secretion in later life. This study therefore investigated the impact of LP on islet cell ontogeny in the late fetal and neonatal rat, and any associated changes in the presence of IGFs and their binding proteins (IGFBPs). Pregnant Wistar rats were fed either LP (8% protein) or normal (C) (20% protein) chow from shortly after conception until the offspring were 21 days postnatal (PN). Bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered 1 h before rats were killed and pancreata removed from animals between 19.5 days fetal life and postnatal day 21. Offspring of rats given LP diet had reduced birthweight, pancreatic beta cell mass, and pancreas insulin content, with smaller islets compared with control fed animals, which persisted to weaning. Histological analysis showed that islets from pups given LP diet had a lower nuclear labeling index with BrdU in the beta cells, although, paradoxically, more beta cells showed immunoreactivity for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Because PCNA is present in G1 as well as S phase of the cell cycle, we quantified the number of beta cells immunopositive for cyclin D1, a marker of G1, and NEK2, an indicator of cells in G2 and mitosis, More beta cells in islets from LP-fed animals contained cyclin D1, but less contained NEK2 than did those in controls. This suggests that the beta cell cycle may have a prolonged G1 phase in LP-fed animals in vivo. Offspring of rats given C diet had a low rate of islet cell apoptosis detected by the TUNEL method in fetal and neonatal life (1-2%), with a transient increase to 8% at PN day 14. Offspring of rats receiving LP diet demonstrated a significantly greater level of islet cell apoptosis at every age, rising to 15% at PN 14. IGF-II mRNA was quantified in whole pancreas and was significantly reduced in LP-fed animals at ages up to PN day 10. IGF-II immunoreactivity within the islets of LP-fed rats was also less apparent, but no changes were seen in immunoreactive IGF-I or IGFBPs-2 to -5. These findings show that LP diet changes the balance of beta cell replication and apoptosis in fetal and neonatal neonatal life, which may involve an altered length of beta cell cycle, and contribute to the smaller islet size and impaired insulin release seen in later life. A reduced pancreatic expression of IGF-II may contribute to the lower beta cell proliferation rate and increased apoptosis seen in the fetus and neonate after feeding LP diet.
Fleeing from the Elephant

Abstract The present set of papers show that leaders in the field of organizational behavior management are grappling with issues of human language and cognition. That is a good and necessary step for the field, but the solutions proposed are worrisome: adopting principles from non-behavioral psychology, adopting principles from introspection that have not been empirically validated, returning to methodological behaviorism, or appealing to non-empirical interpretations using traditional behavioral principles. In this paper I argue that these are the wrong solutions, being taken for the right reasons. There is a need for an analysis of language and cognition, but it will be found neither in other forms of psychology nor in traditional Skinnerian thinking on the topic. I suggest instead that OBM look at the data that exists in contemporary basic behavior analysis on the topic, particularly in the area of Relational Frame Theory. That work is a vigorous area of research, and its applied implications are significant, growing, and known to be relevant to organizations. The solution to the malaise these papers reflect is most likely to be found in post-Skinnerian behavior analysis itself.
Application value of enhanced recovery after surgery for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy

AIM To evaluate the safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy. METHODS The clinical data of 42 patients who were divided into an ERAS group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 22) were collected. The observed indicators included operation conditions, postoperative clinical indexes, and postoperative serum stress indexes. Measurement data following a normal distribution are presented as mean ± SD and were analyzed by t-test. Count data were analyzed by χ2 test. RESULTS The operative time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, and number of patients with conversion to open surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. Postoperative clinical indexes, including the time to initial anal exhaust, time to initial liquid diet intake, time to out-of-bed activity, and duration of hospital stay of patients without complications, were significantly different between the two groups (t = 2.045, 8.685, 2.580, and 4.650, respectively, P < 0.05 for all). However, the time to initial defecation, time to abdominal drainage-tube removal, and the early postoperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups. Regarding postoperative complications, on the first and third days after the operation, the white blood cell count (WBC) and C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSION The perioperative ERAS program for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy is safe and effective and should be popularized. Additionally, this program can also reduce the duration of hospital stay and improve the degree of comfort and satisfaction of patients.
WEB SEARCH RESULT CLUSTERING - A REVIEW

The ever-increasing information on the web with its heterogeneity and dynamism needs an information retrieval system which serves searcher’s ambiguous, ill-formed, short queries with relevant result in a precise way. Web search result clustering has been emerged as a method which overcomes these drawbacks of conventional information retrieval (IR) systems. It is the clustering of results returned by the search engines into meaningful, thematic groups. This paper gives a succinct overview and categorizes various techniques that have been used in clustering of web search results.
Uric acid and mild renal impairment in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Aims. Mild renal impairment (estimated GFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2) is a strong independent risk factor for mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and is submitted to mechanical revascularization. Patients with renal impairment have decreased excretion of uric acid (UA) and they are thus particularly prone to have elevated serum UA concentrations. This study was aimed at assessing the association between increased UA and mortality in STEMI patients with mild renal impairment. Methods. We prospectively assessed, in 578 STEMI patients with mild renal impairment, whether elevated UA levels are associated with increased mortality both in the short term and in the long term. Results. Patients in the highest UA tertile showed a higher incidence of Killip class III–IV (p = 0.003) and lower values of ejection fraction (EF) (p < 0.001). Lower values for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at admission, nadir, and discharge were detected in the highest UA tertile, together with the highest values of peak troponin I (Tn I) (p = 0.002), and NT-proBrain Natriuretic Peptide [NT-proBNP] (p < 0.001). No difference was found in mortality rates (both during their stay in the intensive cardiac care unit [ICCU], and at the 1-year post-discharge follow-up) among the UA tertiles. Conclusions. The UA levels seem to serve as markers of the severity of coronary artery disease, since they identify a subset of patients characterized by an advanced age, more hemodynamic derangement, and reduced renal function. However, neither short nor long-term mortality was affected.
A Cognitive Perspective of Self-Other Agreement: A Look at Outcomes and Predictors of Shared Implicit Performance Theories

Research examining self-other agreement (SOA) in performance ratings has been increasing over the years. Previous research on SOA has shown how demographic, individual difference, and cultural variables can influence the extent of agreement between self and other. However, this study extends the existing literature on SOA by examining agreement from a cognitive perspective. Specifically, the current study investigates how similarities in a specific type of cognitive structure, known as implicit performance theory (IPT), may have an effect on agreement. Implicit performance theories represent an individual’s mental representation and organization of work related behaviors that are needed to perform effectively at one’s job. The study hypothesizes that when individuals and their supervisors mentally organize performance related behaviors in a similar manner, SOA is more likely to occur. In addition, the study also investigates how demographic similarities between self and other, perceived system knowledge, and role clarity may influence the development of shared IPTs. Data were gathered from a group of managers and their supervisors. The results strongly suggest that managers and supervisors who exhibit higher levels of shared IPTs are also more likely to experience greater levels of agreement in performance ratings. In addition, the development of shared IPTs was found to be influenced by similarity in age, perceived system knowledge, and role clarity. Implications, future suggestions and limitations are discussed.
Timing dans le cortex moteur : de l'anticipation d'un indice spatial à la préparation du mouvement : =Timing in motor cortex : from cue anticipation to movement preparation

Le contexte temporel influence profondement la facon dont nous nous comportons. De maniere similaire, il donne forme a l'activite du cortex moteur (LFP et potentiels d'action), pendant la preparation motrice, mais aussi en absence de preparation d'un mouvement.