Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macronutrient Intakes of Male Rugby Union Players: A Review.

Rugby is a worldwide intermittent team sport. Players tend to be heavier than the majority of similar team sport athletes on whom the dietary guidelines have been developed. Therefore, the aim of the current review was to describe the intakes of rugby union players. Article databases were searched up to February 2017 and were included if they were published in English and reported dietary intakes of male rugby union players. Of the research articles identified, energy intakes were lower than two of three studies that reported intakes and expenditure, which would suggest the players were losing weight that is somewhat supported by the decreases in skinfolds seen during preseason. However, it should also be noted that there are errors in both the measurement of energy intakes and expenditure. Carbohydrate intakes ranged from 2.6 to 6.5 g·kg-1·day-1, which is lower than the current relative to body mass recommendations; however, this would not be classed as a low-carbohydrate diet. The consistently low intakes of carbohydrate suggest that these intake levels maybe sufficient for performance, given the players greater body mass or there are errors in the measurements. However, there is currently no evidence for the carbohydrate needs of rugby union players in terms of performance. The lower intakes than expenditure would suggest the players were losing weight. Previous research shows that rugby union players lose body fat during preseason training.
Smoke: Fine-grained Lineage at Interactive Speed

Data lineage describes the relationship between individual input and output data items of a workflow, and has served as an integral ingredient for both traditional (e.g., debugging, auditing, data integration, and security) and emergent (e.g., interactive visualizations, iterative analytics, explanations, and cleaning) applications. The core, long-standing problem that lineage systems need to address---and the main focus of this paper---is to capture the relationships between input and output data items across a workflow with the goal to streamline queries over lineage. Unfortunately, current lineage systems either incur high lineage capture overheads, or lineage query processing costs, or both. As a result, applications, that in principle can express their logic declaratively in lineage terms, resort to hand-tuned implementations. To this end, we introduce Smoke, an in-memory database engine that neither lineage capture overhead nor lineage query processing needs to be compromised. To do so, Smoke introduces tight integration of the lineage capture logic into physical database operators; efficient, write-optimized lineage representations for storage; and optimizations when future lineage queries are known up-front. Our experiments on microbenchmarks and realistic workloads show that Smoke reduces the lineage capture overhead and streamlines lineage queries by multiple orders of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art alternatives. Our experiments on real-world applications highlight that Smoke can meet the latency requirements of interactive visualizations (e.g., <150ms) and outperform hand-written implementations of data profiling primitives.
Performance Features of a Stationary Stochastic Novikov Engine

In this article a Novikov engine with fluctuating hot heat bath temperature is presented. Based on this model, the performance measure maximum expected power as well as the corresponding efficiency and entropy production rate is investigated for four different stationary distributions: continuous uniform, normal, triangle, quadratic, and Pareto. It is found that the performance measures increase monotonously with increasing expectation value and increasing standard deviation of the distributions. Additionally, we show that the distribution has only little influence on the performance measures for small standard deviations. For larger values of the standard deviation, the performance measures in the case of the Pareto distribution are significantly different compared to the other distributions. These observations are explained by a comparison of the Taylor expansions in terms of the distributions’ standard deviations. For the considered symmetric distributions, an extension of the well known Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency to a stochastic Novikov engine is given.
Microbiological characterization of a newly established pig breed, Aachen Minipigs

To alleviate the shortage of human donor organs or tissues for the treatment of organ and tissue failure including diabetes, pigs are considered suitable donor animals. As organs from conventional pigs are usually too large, those from minipigs may be better suited. We recently characterized the Göttingen Minipigs, a breed well characterized concerning the presence of zoonotic microorganisms and found hepatitis E virus (HEV) and porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in some animals. Here, we characterize another minipig, the Aachen Minipig (AaMP), a pig breed recently established close to the town Aachen in Germany.
Organ‐on‐Chip Recapitulates Thrombosis Induced by an anti‐CD154 Monoclonal Antibody: Translational Potential of Advanced Microengineered Systems

Clinical development of Hu5c8, a monoclonal antibody against CD40L intended for treatment of autoimmune disorders, was terminated due to unexpected thrombotic complications. These life‐threatening side effects were not discovered during preclinical testing due to the lack of predictive models. In the present study, we describe the development of a microengineered system lined by human endothelium perfused with human whole blood, a “Vessel‐Chip. ” The Vessel‐Chip allowed us to evaluate key parameters in thrombosis, such as endothelial activation, platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation, fibrin clot formation, and thrombin anti‐thrombin complexes in the Chip‐effluent in response to Hu5c8 in the presence of soluble CD40L. Importantly, the observed prothrombotic effects were not observed with Hu5c8‐IgG2σ designed with an Fc domain that does not bind the FcγRIIa receptor, suggesting that this approach may have a low potential risk for thrombosis. Our results demonstrate the translational potential of Organs‐on‐Chips, as advanced microengineered systems to better predict human response.
Insular mammalian fauna dynamics and paleogeography: A lesson from the Western Mediterranean islands

Abstract Since the time of Darwin (1859) and Wallace (1869), islands have been regarded by scientists as a prime target for scrutinizing the forces that may influence evolution and diversification and important elements in biogeographic studies. This research aims to scrutinize whether and to what extent the composition and structure of past mammal insular faunas and their changes through time may provide sound clues for inferring the paleogeographical evolution of a region. As a case study, I critically analyzed the dynamics shown by the Plio–Pleistocene mammalian fauna of 3 Western Mediterranean insular districts, the Balearic Islands, Sardinia and Sicily, each characterized by its own peculiar paleobiogeographical evolutionary history. The revision of faunas and the critical analysis of the dispersal ability of the ancestors of island settlers have allowed hypothesizing on the time and mode of island colonization. The results obtained confirm that the early isolation of the Balearic Islands from the mainland led to the establishment of an endemic fauna since the pre‐Messinian Miocene (? Astaracian European Land Mammal Age, MN7/8), and that Sardinia has definitely been isolated since the Pliocene, although dispersal events led to some faunal turnovers during the Pleistocene. In addition, the results suggest for Sicily a complex, still imperfectly disentangled history of alternate phases of complete separation and sporadic, more or less difficult connections with southern Italy.
Living with schizophrenia in rural communities in north‐east Thailand

In the rural villages of Thailand, rich social support networks exist that bond the community members to help each other. This study explored the barriers and facilitators of living with schizophrenia in Thai villages. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with individuals with schizophrenia, family members, and significant others. Content analysis of transcripts involved examining the data, recording observations, data reduction, and coding themes. Four main themes emerged from the narratives: (i) keep doing day-to-day activities as a way of life; (ii) support sustains day-to-day living; (iii) controlling medication side effects maintains daily living; and (iv) managing self maintains daily living. Self-regulation and social support are keys to moving from dependence to a normative life goal in rural communities. The patterns of living in the rural communities provide a strong social network as people with schizophrenia learn to lead successful lives. Using supportive families and community members as resources is an alternative and effective way of providing supportive care.
The Impact of Health Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis: A Replication and Treatment Case Series

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonly associated with psychological complications. Previous research by Hayter and colleagues (2016) found that in patients with MS, health anxiety (HA) can account for part of the variance in quality of life (QoL) independent of physical and cognitive impairment caused by the disease. MS patients with HA perceived their intact physical and cognitive performance as impaired relative to those without HA and attributed the impairment to MS. These misperceptions might be useful targets in the treatment of HA in MS using cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). Aims: Study 1 sought to replicate the main findings from Hayter et al. (2016). Study 2 examined the impact of HA-focused CBT in a case series. Method: In Study 1, twenty participants with MS were screened for HA and assigned to either a high or low HA group. They completed assessments of cognitive and physical functioning before rating their performance on these tasks, followed by measures of QoL, mood and physical disability. Four participants in the high HA group subsequently received six sessions of CBT using a consecutive AB case series in Study 2. Results: Study 1 replicated the main findings from the earlier study. In Study 2, three of the four patients who received treatment showed substantial improvements in HA and mood and all showed improvement in QoL. Conclusion: Given the high rates of HA in MS patients and its impact on QoL, this case series suggests that a brief CBT intervention could significantly improve patients’ wellbeing.
Fast Tensor Factorization for Accurate Internet Anomaly Detection

Detecting anomalous traffic is a critical task for advanced Internet management. Many anomaly detection algorithms have been proposed recently. However, constrained by their matrix-based traffic data model, existing algorithms often suffer from low accuracy in anomaly detection. To fully utilize the multi-dimensional information hidden in the traffic data, this paper takes the initiative to investigate the potential and methodologies of performing tensor factorization for more accurate Internet anomaly detection. More specifically, we model the traffic data as a three-way tensor and formulate the anomaly detection problem as a robust tensor recovery problem with the constraints on the rank of the tensor and the cardinality of the anomaly set. These constraints, however, make the problem extremely hard to solve. Rather than resorting to the convex relaxation at the cost of low detection performance, we propose TensorDet to solve the problem directly and efficiently. To improve the anomaly detection accuracy and tensor factorization speed, TensorDet exploits the factorization structure with two novel techniques, sequential tensor truncation and two-phase anomaly detection. We have conducted extensive experiments using Internet traffic trace data Abilene and GÈANT. Compared with the state of art algorithms for tensor recovery and matrix-based anomaly detection, TensorDet can achieve significantly lower false positive rate and higher true positive rate. Particularly, benefiting from our well designed algorithm to reduce the computation cost of tensor factorization, the tensor factorization process in TensorDet is 5 (Abilene) and 13 (GÈANT) times faster than that of the traditional Tucker decomposition solution.
Structural parameters of Mayall II = G1 in M31

Mayall II = Gl is one of the most luminous globular clusters (GCs) known in M31. New deep, high-resolution observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope are used to provide accurate photometric data to the smallest radii yet. In particular, we present the precise variation of ellipticity and position angle, and of surface brightness for the core of the object. Based on these accurate photometric data, we redetermine the structural parameters of Gl by fitting a single-mass isotropic King model. We derive a core radius, r c = 0.21 ± 0.01 arcsec (= 0.78 ± 0.04 pc), a tidal radius, r t = 21.8 ± 1.1 arcsec (= 80.7 ± 3.9 pc), and a concentration index c = log (r t /r c ) = 2.01 ± 0.02. The central surface brightness is 13.510 mag arcsec -2 . We also calculate the half-light radius, at r h = 1.73 ± 0.07 arcsec (= 6.5 ± 0.3 pc). The results show that, within 10 core radii, a King model fits the surface brightness distribution well. We find that this object falls in the same region of the M v versus log R h diagram as ω Centauri, M54 and NGC 2419 in the Milky Way. All three of these objects have been claimed to be the stripped cores of now defunct dwarf galaxies. We discuss in detail whether GCs, stripped cores of dwarf spheroidals and normal dwarf galaxies form a continuous distribution in the M v versus log R h plane, or if GCs and dwarf spheroidals constitute distinct classes of objects; we present arguments in favour of this latter view.
Effect of ionization, bedding, and feeding on air quality in a horse stable

Background Organic dust is associated with Equine asthma. Ionization should reduce airborne dust levels. Objectives To determine the effect of ionization of air, type of bedding, and feed on the levels of airborne dust, endotoxin, and fungal colonies in horse stables. Animals 24 healthy University‐owned horses occupied the stables. Methods A randomized controlled cross‐over study. Four units with 6 stables were equipped with an ionization installation (25 VA, 5000 Volt Direct Current). Horses were kept either on wood shavings and fed haylage (2 units), or on straw and fed dry hay (2 units). Measurements were performed with and without activated ionization, during daytime and nighttime, repeatedly over the course of a week and repeatedly during 4‐6 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed effect model with Akaike's Information Criterion for model reduction and 95% profile (log) likelihood confidence intervals (CI). Results Ionization did not alter concentrations of dust, endotoxin, or fungi, fewer. In the units with straw and hay, the concentration of dust, endotoxin, and fungi (difference in logarithmic mean 1.92 (95%CI 1.71‐2.12); 2.86 (95%CI 2.59‐3.14); 1.75 (95%CI 1.13‐2.36)) were significantly higher compared to wood shavings and haylage. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The installation of a negative air‐ionizer in the horse stable did not reduce concentrations of dust, endotoxin, and viable fungal spores. The substantial effect of low dust bedding and feed is confirmed.
Ozonated water reduces susceptibility in tomato plants to Meloidogyne incognita by the modulation of the antioxidant system.

Few studies have been carried out on the effect of ozonated water (O3 wat) on the oxidative stress of root systems and, in particular, in combination with biotic stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether aqueous ozone is effective in the control of root-knot nematode (RKN) infection and to investigate the concomitant changes in the basal defence system. A tomato cultivar susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita was treated with O3 wat as a soil drench. No negative effects were seen following ozone application in comparison with the control under the exposure conditions used. The treatment reduced significantly the nematode infection rate and induced changes in the morphology of nematode feeding sites, some of which were characterized by visible symptoms of senescence. The antioxidant response, as well as parameters of oxidative damage, were examined in untreated and O3 wat-treated galls at 2, 4 and 7 days after inoculation and compared with uninfected roots. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2 O2 and malondialdehyde were generated in galls in response to combined abiotic and biotic stresses. Throughout the experimental period, the activities and relative transcript levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase produced different responses when exposed to ozone treatment and/or infection. The results demonstrate how O3 wat protects tomato against the RKN M. incognita through the modulation of basal defence mechanisms.
Correlates and prevalence of hypogonadism in patients with early‐ and late‐onset type 2 diabetes

This study aims to compare the prevalence of hypogonadism between male patients with early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and late‐onset type 2 diabetes. A total of 122 male patients with early‐onset T2DM (diagnosis age ≤40 years) and 100 male patients with late‐onset T2DM (diagnosis age >40 years) were recruited from our in‐patient department between 1 January 2013 and 28 December 2015. Serum FSH, LH, testosterone, lipid profile, uric acid, HbA1c, and beta‐cell function were determined in blood samples. The diagnosis of hypogonadism was based on the levels of LH, FSH, and total testosterone. The mean onset age was 29.86 ± 6.31 and 54.47 ± 9.97 years old in the early‐onset group and late‐onset group, respectively. Compared with late‐onset T2DM, those with early‐onset T2DM had a higher proportion of new‐onset diabetes, were more likely to be obese, and had worse glycemic control, lipid control, and lower sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG). The prevalence of hypogonadism was much higher in the early‐onset group than in the late‐onset group (48.0% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.05). The rate of secondary hypogonadism in the early‐onset group and late‐onset group were 44.3% and 25.0%, respectively (p < 0.05). Obesity, waist circumference, and SHBG were significantly associated with serum total testosterone level in all, early‐onset, and late‐onset T2DM. Both all and early‐onset T2DM groups had positive correlations between total testosterone and fasting C‐peptide, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid. Our results indicate that in a population of admission to a large urban hospital in China, the prevalence of hypogonadism was higher in the patients with early‐onset T2DM than that of late‐onset T2DM. This prevalence might be attributable to greater obesity, worse lipid control, and lower SHBG levels in those patients.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the setting of HBV-related cirrhosis: Differentiation with hepatocellular carcinoma by using Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging

Accurate preoperative differentiation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the setting of cirrhotic liver is of great clinical significance because the treatment and prognosis of these entities differ markedly. Through a retrospectively research, we sought to determine the diagnostic performances of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) parameters in the differentiating of ICC and HCC. According to the results, we found that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from mono-exponential model and true ADC (ADCslow) derived from bi-exponential model can be used to distinguish the ICC and HCC, and ADCslowentailed the higher diagnostic performance than ADC. However, pseudo-ADC (ADCfast) and perfusion fraction (f) can not be used to differentiate ICC and HCC. These results suggested that IVIM and DWI parameters can be useful in differentiating ICC and HCC and might be helpful in selecting the treatment plan and predicting prognosis.
Differential expression of miR-34b and androgen receptor pathway regulate prostate cancer aggressiveness between African-Americans and Caucasians

African-Americans are diagnosed with more aggressive prostate cancers and have worse survival than Caucasians, however a comprehensive understanding of this health disparity remains unclear. To clarify the mechanisms leading to this disparity, we analyzed the potential involvement of miR-34b expression in African-Americans and Caucasians. miR-34b functions as a tumor suppressor and has a multi-functional role, through regulation of cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. We found that miR-34b expression is lower in human prostate cancer tissues from African-Americans compared to Caucasians. DNA hypermethylation of the miR-34b-3p promoter region showed significantly higher methylation in prostate cancer compared to normal samples. We then sequenced the promoter region of miR-34b-3p and found a chromosomal deletion in miR-34b in African-American prostate cancer cell line (MDA-PCA-2b) and not in Caucasian cell line (DU-145). We found that AR and ETV1 genes are differentially expressed in MDA-PCa-2b and DU-145 cells after overexpression of miR-34b. Direct interaction of miR-34b with the 3’ untranslated region of AR and ETV1 was validated by luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-34b downregulation in African-Americans is inversely correlated with high AR levels that lead to increased cell proliferation. Overexpression of miR-34b in cell lines showed higher inhibition of cell proliferation, apoptosis and G1 arrest in the African-American cells (MDA-PCa-2b) compared to Caucasian cell line (DU-145). Taken together, our results show that differential expression of miR-34b and AR are associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness in African-Americans.
N-acetylcysteine for non-paracetamol drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review.

AIMS N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may be useful in the management of non-paracetamol drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Our objective was to review systematically evidence for the use of NAC as a therapeutic option for non-paracetamol DILI. METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies. We searched several bibliographic databases, grey literature sources, conference proceedings and ongoing trials. Our pre-specified primary outcomes were all cause and DILI related mortality, time to normalization of liver biochemistry and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were proportion receiving liver transplant, time to transplantation, transplant-free survival and hospitalization duration. RESULTS We identified one RCT of NAC vs. placebo in patients with non-paracetamol acute liver failure. There was no difference in the primary outcomes of overall survival at 3 weeks between NAC [70%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 60%, 81%, n = 81] and placebo (66%, 95% CI = 56%, 77%, n = 92). NAC significantly improved the secondary outcomes of transplant-free survival compared with placebo: 40% NAC (95% CI = 28%, 51%) vs. 27% placebo (95% CI = 18%, 37%). A subgroup analysis according to aetiology found improved transplant-free survival in patients with non-paracetamol DILI, NAC (58%, n = 19) vs. placebo (27%, n = 26), odds ratio (OR) 0.27 (95% CI = 0.076, 0.942). Overall survival was similar, NAC (79%) vs. placebo (65%);, OR 0.50 (95% CI = 0.13, 1.98). CONCLUSION Current available evidence is limited and does not allow for any firm conclusions to be made regarding the role of NAC in non-paracetamol DILI. We therefore highlight the need for further research in this area.