Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The need for public participation in the governance of science centers

Abstract Science centers and museums are developing new strategies to increase inclusiveness, to engage the public more actively and to respond to the need to present contemporary science and research as part of their public programs. In order to do so, they need to increase the level of public participation not only to inform the development of specific exhibitions and programs, but also to share authority in their interpretive and decision-making process. However, existing models of governance do not allow for a formal role of the public in the decision making process. We review current practices in Europe and argue that a new model of governance for science centers is needed where public participation and consultation activities are integral components alongside the board, director and staff.
Producing websites for assessment: a case study from a level 1 fieldwork module

BSc Single Subject Geography students at University College Chester enrol for a core module that involves the acquisition of fieldwork data, data analysis and project design. One of this module's assessment exercises requires students to ‘write up’ a field‐based research project as a functioning website. This paper explores the practicalities of delivering this type of assessment and of providing support for students. It then discusses tutor perceptions and student feedback, both of which suggest that the website assignment ‘adds value’ to the core module aims by facilitating the development of C & IT skills, in addition to providing intellectual challenges associated with the selection, integration, presentation and structuring of information.
Detection of Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity by Automated Perimetry in 60 Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Normal Fundoscopic Findings

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug used extensively in treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Retinal toxicity is the most important side effects of this drug. Even after the drug is discontinued, retinal degeneration from HCQ can continue to progress. Consequently, multiple ophthalmic screening tests have been developed to detect early retinopathy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the value of central 2-10 perimetry method in early detection of retinal toxicity. This prospective cross-sectional investigation was carried out on 60 rheumatoid arthritis patients, who had been receiving HCQ for at least 6 months and still were on their medication (HCQ intake) at the time of enrollment. An ophthalmologist examined participants using direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Visual field testing with automated perimetry technique (central 2-10 perimetry with red target) was performed on all included subjects twice in 6 months interval: The first one at the time of enrollment and the second one 6 months later. Males and females did not show any significant difference in terms of age, duration of therapy, daily and cumulative HCQ dose, anterior or posterior segment abnormalities, hypertension, body mass index, and best corrected visual acuity. Anterior segment was abnormal in 9 individuals including 3 subjects with macular pigmentary changes, 4 individuals with cataract and 2 cases with dry eyes. Moreover, 12 subjects had retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) in their posterior segments. After 6 months, depressive changes appeared in 12 subjects. Additionally, HCQ therapy worsened significantly the perimetric results of 5 (55.6%) patients with abnormal anterior segment. A same trend was observed in perimetric results of 6 (50.0%) subjects with abnormal posterior segments (P=0.009). The daily dose of HCQ (P=0.035) as well as the cumulative dose of hydroxychloroquine (P=0.021) displayed statistically significant associations with perimetric results. Central 2-10 perimetry is a useful method for early detection of HCQ retinal toxicity, but more comprehensive studies, with larger sample size, longer-term follow-up and more precise techniques are mandatory to confirm HCQ retinal toxicity.
The Determinants of Team-Based Innovation in Organizations

This study investigates the role of work group norms in promoting innovation in high-technology organizations. Through structured discussions, samples of senior executives identified organizational patterns and norms associated with successful innovation. Based on the results, a survey was developed and administered to a set of managers. Results show four norms associated with increased group innovation: support for risk taking, tolerance of mistakes, teamwork, and speed of action. An instrument to assess these norms is developed.
Prediction and Control in a Dynamic Environment

The present study compared the accuracy of cue-outcome knowledge gained during prediction-based and control-based learning in stable and unstable dynamic environments. Participants either learnt to make cue-interventions in order to control an outcome, or learnt to predict the outcome from observing changes to the cue values. Study 1 (N = 60) revealed that in tests of control, after a short period of familiarization, performance of Predictors was equivalent to Controllers. Study 2 (N = 28) showed that Controllers showed equivalent task knowledge when to compared to Predictors. Though both Controllers and Predictors showed good performance at test, overall Controllers showed an advantage. The cue-outcome knowledge acquired during learning was sufficiently flexible to enable successful transfer to tests of control and prediction.
The effects of heat exchange and fluid production on the ignition of a porous solid

In this paper we study a system of nonlinear parabolic equations representing the evolution of small perturbations in a model describing the combustion of a porous solid. The novelty of this system rests on allowing the fluid and solid phases to assume different temperatures, as opposed to the well-studied single-temperature model in which heat is assumed to be exchanged at an infinitely rapid rate. Moreover, the underlying model incorporates fluid creation, as a result of reaction, and this property is inherited by the perturbation system. With respect to important physico-chemical parameters we look for global and blowing-up solutions, both with and without heat loss and fluid production. In this context, blowup can be identified with thermal runaway, from which ignition of the porous solid is inferred (a self-sustaining combustion wave is generated). We then proceed to study the existence and uniqueness of a particular class of steady states and examine their relationship to the corresponding class of time-dependent problems. This enables us to extend the global-existence results, and to indicate consistency between the time-independent and time-dependent analyses. In order to better understand the effects of distinct temperatures in each phase, a number of our results are then compared with those of a corresponding single-temperature model. We find that the results coincide in the appropriate limit of infinite heat-exchange rate. However, when the heat exchange is finite the blowup results can be altered substantially. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. MSC: 80A25; 35K50; 35K57; 35J55
An exploratory study of best lean sustainability practices in higher education

Purpose – Because of the ever‐expanding commercialization and marketing of higher education, a need now exists to apply the concepts of business process improvement to colleges and universities. Aims to explore this issue.Design/methodology/approach – An open‐ended qualitative questionnaire was developed, administered to 18 public and private university representatives and analyzed.Findings – The participants at these surveyed universities shared with the interviewers the institutional lean “best practices” that they feel will contribute to the sustainability of their universities.Research limitations/implications – This is a preliminary study with a sample size of 18 universities in the Northeastern USA. Future research should include more universities in the USA, as well as in other countries.Practical implications – Other institutions of higher education may learn from the successful implementation of the lean sustainability efforts at the institutions in this study.Originality/value – Very little past.
An application of decomposable maps in proving multiplicativity of low dimensional maps

In this paper, we present a class of maps for which the multiplicativity of the maximal output p-norm holds for p=2 and p≥4. The class includes all positive trace-preserving maps from B(C3) to B(C2). In this sense, the result is a generalization of the corresponding result in the work of King and Koldan [“New multiplicativity results for qubit maps,” J. Math. Phys. 47, 042106 (2006)], where the multiplicativity was proved for all positive trace-preserving maps from B(C2) to B(C2) with p=2 and p≥4. Interestingly, by contrast, the multiplicativity of p-norm was investigated in the context of quantum information theory and shown not to hold, in general, for high dimensional quantum channels [Hayden, P. and Winter, A. , “Counterexamples to the maximal p-norm multiplicativity conjecture for all p>1,” Commun. Math. Phys. 284, 263 (2008)]. Moreover, the Werner–Holevo channel, which is a map from B(C3) to B(C3), is a counterexample for p>4.79 [Werner and Holevo, J. Math. Phys. 43, 4353 (2002). ].
CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND STATIC MAGNETIC FIELDS INDUCED BY A THERAPEUTIC DEVICE ON IN VIVO EXPOSED RATS.

Background: There is a trend towards the use of magnetic fields in medicine. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) technology was based upon 20 years of fundamental studies on the electromechanical properties of bone and other connective tissues. More recently, these magnetic fields have been used to treat several health conditions. There remains continuing concern that exposure to electromagnetic devices may cause adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytological effects induced in rats exposed in a patented medical device that uses PEMFs combined with static magnetic fields (SMFs). Material and Methods: Thirty sexually mature 14-week-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into three groups: (a) 5 males and 5 females (independently) exposed to PEMFs combined with SMFs, (b) animals treated with SMFs only, and (c) non-exposed animals. Acridine orange fluorescent-staining micronucleus test and male germ cells analysis were performed according to standardized techniques. Results: A lack of evidence for alterations on micronucleus frequency, on polychromatic erythrocytes percentage, and on sperm counts and morphological characteristics of male germ cells were found in mature rats exposed to PEMFs medical device compared to non-exposed animals. Conclusions: This study suggests that the applied magnetic field generated in a therapeutic device did not have any detectable cytotoxic or genotoxic effect in exposed rats. In view of these findings and the contradictory reports in the literature, it is necessary to carry out more research to help clarify the controversy concerning cytogenotoxic risk associated with therapeutic magnetic fields exposures.
Electrical and Ultraviolet-A Detection Properties of E-Beam Evaporated n-TiO2 Capped p-Si Nanowires Heterojunction Photodiodes

Fabrication and Ultraviolet (UV) detection properties of p-Si Nanowires (NWs)/n-TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film-based heterojunction photodiodes have been reported in this paper. The highly oriented, uniform and vertically aligned p-type single crystalline silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays have been synthesized by the two-step process of electroless metal deposition and etching technique. A thin layer (∼120 nm) of anatase phase titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) is then deposited on the top of p-SiNWs using electron-beam evaporation technique. The surface morphology and crystallinity of p-SiNWs and n-TiO<sub>2</sub> capped SiNWs have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The optical properties of the as-deposited n-TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film grown on p-SiNWs were analyzed using the photoluminescence measurements. The UV detection properties of the p-SiNWs/n-TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction was studied by measuring the room temperature current–voltage <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({I - V})$</tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics under dark and UV illumination conditions with incident optical power <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({{P_{{{\rm opt }}}}}) \approx $</tex-math></inline-formula> 650 μW at wavelength <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\lambda) \approx $</tex-math></inline-formula> 365 nm. The as-fabricated p-SiNWs/n-TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film heterojunction photodiode showed an excellent value of Detectivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim \text{8.66} \times \text{10}^{\text{11}}\;{\text{mHz}}^{\text{1/ 2}}{\text{W}}^{- 1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with the external quantum efficiency <italic>(EQE)</italic> ∼ 79.33%, responsivity ∼ 0.234 A/W, and contrast ratio ∼ 113.82 at –11 V bias. Other parameters such as rectification ratio (∼ 519.82), Turn-on voltage (∼0.732 V) and effective barrier height (∼0.7924 eV) under dark condition were also calculated. The proposed p-SiNWs/n-TiO<sub>2</sub>) thin film hetrojunction can thus be explored for UV-A detection.
Understanding Musical Diversity via Online Social Media

Musicologists and sociologists have long been interested in patterns of music consumption and their relation to socioeconomic status. In particular, the Omnivore Thesis examines the relationship between these variables and the diversity of music a person consumes. Using data from social media users of Last.fm and Twitter, we design and evaluate a measure that reasonably captures diversity of musical tastes. We use that measure to explore associations between musical diversity and variables that capture socioeconomic status, demographics, and personal traits such as openness and degree of interest in music (into-ness). Our musical diversity measure can provide a useful means for studies of musical preferences and consumption. Also, our study of the Omnivore Thesis provides insights that extend previous survey and interview-based studies.
Exploring consumers' responses to service providers' positive affective displays

Purpose – To discuss the importance of the relationship between service providers' positive affective displays, the value of a “real” smile within the consumers' perception of authentic service delivery and how these relate to satisfaction and future intentions.Design/methodology/approach – The literature review discusses underpinning theory concerning the role of expressive display in service provision. In particular the importance of authenticity is explored through qualitative and quantitative research in an extended duration service setting. The quantitative data are analysed using SPSS and path modelling (AMOS). Findings – The findings indicate a strong positive relationship between affective displays (including the “real” smile), overall service satisfaction and life satisfaction.Research limitations/implications – The study advances existing research and raises suggestions for future research including how personality differences may affect the service provider's ability to interact with their custo.
Oxidation of nitrogen-containing pollutants by novel ferrate(VI) technology: A review

Nitrogen-containing pollutants have been found in surface waters and industrial wastewaters due to their presence in pesticides, dyes, proteins, and humic substances. Treatment of these compounds by conventional oxidants produces disinfection by-products (DBP). Ferrate(VI) (FeVIO4 2−, Fe(VI)) is a strong oxidizing agent and produces a non-toxic by-product Fe(III), which acts as a coagulant. Ferrate(VI) is also an efficient disinfectant and can inactivate chlorine resistant microorganisms. A novel ferrate(VI) technology can thus treat a wide range of pollutants and microorganisms in water and wastewater. The aim of this paper is to review the kinetics and products of the oxidation of nitrogen-containing inorganic (ammonia, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, and azide) and organic (amines, amino acids, anilines, sulfonamides, macrolides, and dyes) compounds by ferrate(VI) in order to demonstrate the feasibility of ferrate(VI) treatment of polluted waters of various origins. Several of the compounds can degraded in seconds to minutes by ferrate(VI) with the formation of non-hazardous products. The mechanism of oxidation involves either one-electron or two-electrons processes to yield oxidation products. Future research directions critical for the implementation of the ferrate(VI)-based technology for wastewater and industrial effluents treatment are recommended.
Different neural systems for the recognition of animals and man‐made tools

Using positron emission tomography, we mapped brain activity in normal volunteers during the recognition of visual stimuli representing living (animals) and nonliving (artefacts) entities. The subjects had to decide whether pairs of visual stimuli were different representations of the same object, or different objects. Animal recognition was associated with activations in the inferior temporo-occipital areas, bilaterally, whereas artefact recognition engaged a predominantly left hemispheric network, involving the left dorsolateral frontal cortex. These findings, which concur with clinical observations in neurological patients, provide in vivo evidence for a fractionation of the neural substrates of semantic knowledge in man.
Antihyperalgesic and antidepressive actions of (R)-(+)-limonene, α-phellandrene, and essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius fruits in a neuropathic pain model

Abstract Objectives Previous studies have shown that essential oil containing (R)-(+)-limonene and α-phellandrene, extracted from fruits of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. This work aimed to verify the antihyperalgesic and antidepressive actions of (R)-(+)-limonene, α-phellandrene, and essential oil from S. terebinthifolius fruits in spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Methods In the present work, essential oil from fruits of S. terebinthifolius, as well as the pure (R)-(+)-limonene and α-phellandrene compounds, were assayed for their effects on SNI-induced mechanical and cold hyperalgesia, and depressive-like behavior (immobility in forced swim test) in rats. The locomotor activity was evaluated in open-field test. Results Oral administration for up to 15 days of essential oil of S. terebinthifolius (100 mg/kg), (R)-(+)-limonene (10 mg/kg), α-phellandrene (10 mg/kg), and also subcutaneous 10 mg/kg dose of ketamine (positive control) significantly inhibited SNI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and increased immobility in the forced swim test. On the 15th day of oral treatment, α-phellandrene, but neither the essential oil from S. terebinthifolius nor (R)-(+)-limonene, prevented the SNI-induced increase in sensitivity to a cold stimulus. The oral treatment with essential oil (100 mg/kg) or with compounds (10 mg/kg) did not interfere on locomotor activity. Discussion Together, the results of the present work show that essential oil of S. terebinthifolius and compounds present in this oil, including (R)-(+)-limonene and α-phellandrene, exhibit antihyperalgesic effects against mechanical hyperalgesia, and are antidepressive, while only α-phellandrene inhibited cold hyperalgesia in SNI rats.
Directed vaccination against pneumococcal disease

Significance Pneumococcal disease represents a global health problem, especially for the young, the elderly, and the resource-limited. Disease progression begins with asymptomatic nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization before subsequent dissemination and disease (pneumonia, sepsis, and middle ear infection). Analysis of this transition from colonization to disease provided antigens that were tested in this study for directed vaccination against only the virulent subset of pneumococci. In so doing, a “smart” vaccine was sought that would address this disease broadly, effectively, and selectively. Immunization strategies against commensal bacterial pathogens have long focused on eradicating asymptomatic carriage as well as disease, resulting in changes in the colonizing microflora with unknown future consequences. Additionally, current vaccines are not easily adaptable to sequence diversity and immune evasion. Here, we present a “smart” vaccine that leverages our current understanding of disease transition from bacterial carriage to infection with the pneumococcus serving as a model organism. Using conserved surface proteins highly expressed during virulent transition, the vaccine mounts an immune response specifically against disease-causing bacterial populations without affecting carriage. Aided by a delivery technology capable of multivalent surface display, which can be adapted easily to a changing clinical picture, results include complete protection against the development of pneumonia and sepsis during animal challenge experiments with multiple, highly variable, and clinically relevant pneumococcal isolates. The approach thus offers a unique and dynamic treatment option readily adaptable to other commensal pathogens.
Solving the PnP Problem with Anisotropic Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis

In this paper we formulate the Perspective-n-Point (a.k.a. exterior orientation) problem in terms of an instance of the an isotropic orthogonal Procrustes problem, and derive its solution. Experiments with synthetic and real data demonstrate that our method reaches the best trade-off between speed and accuracy. The MATLAB code reported in the paper testifies that it is also exceedingly simple to implement.
Feeling unreal: 30 cases of DSM-III-R depersonalization disorder.

OBJECTIVE In contrast to the recent surge of interest in other dissociative disorders, DSM-III-R depersonalization disorder has not been thoroughly investigated and characterized. The authors systematically elucidated its phenomenology, comorbidity, traumatic antecedents, and treatment history. METHOD Thirty adult subjects (19 women and 11 men) were consecutively recruited and administered various structured and semistructured interviews as well as the self-rated Dissociative Experiences Scale. An age- and sex-matched normal comparison group was also recruited. RESULTS The mean age at onset of depersonalization disorder was 16.1 years (SD = 5.2). The illness had a chronic course that was usually continuous but sometimes episodic. Severe distress and high levels of interpersonal impairment were characteristic. Unipolar mood and anxiety disorders were common, but none emerged as specifically related to the depersonalization. A wide variety of personality disorders was manifested; avoidant, borderline, and obsessive-compulsive were most common. Although not highly traumatized, the subjects with depersonalization disorder reported significantly more childhood trauma than the normal comparison subjects. Depersonalization had been typically treatment refractory; only serotonin reuptake inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, benzodiazepines had been of any therapeutic benefit. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the conceptualization of depersonalization disorder as a distinct disorder with a characteristic course that is independent of mood, anxiety, and personality symptoms. A subtle relationship may exist between childhood trauma and depersonalization disorder that merits further investigation. The disorder appears to be highly treatment refractory, and prospective treatment trials are warranted.