Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disorganised Memory after Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Damage

Neurophysiological and functional brain imaging studies suggest the importance of dorsolateral area 9/46 for modality-independent working memory. However, the behavioural manifestations following isolated damage to this area have not been clearly outlined. Here, we describe the dramatic derangement of pragmatic memory after circumscribed lesion of the right area 9/46. A 52 year-old woman had suffered a traumatic brain injury 13 years ago and sought help for what she thought was a severe memory disorder. She regularly missed appointments and had gradually lost all her friends. She had tried different strategies to compensate for her memory problem, such as writing notes on her wrist or using electronic organizers. Intelligence, attention, verbal long-term memory, and executive functions were normal. Furthermore, experimental exploration demonstrated intact time estimation, attribution of memories to ongoing reality, and anticipation of outcomes. However, she failed to rehearse and manipulate information in working memory (n-back task), confirming the findings of functional imaging studies that the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in mental manipulation of information. This case exemplifies that an isolated lesion of the right area 9/46 may induce severe failure to schedule actions and memory retrieval, a disorder leading to severely disorganised behaviour and disability.
Consistent Emotions Elicited by Low-Level Visual Features in Abstract Art

It is often assumed that works of art have the ability to elicit emotion in their observers. An emotional response to a visual stimulus can occur as early as 120 ms after stimulus onset, before object categorisation can take place. This implies that emotions elicited by an artwork may depend in part on bottom-up processing of its visual features (e.g., shape, colour, composition) and not just on object recognition or understanding of artistic style. We predicted that participants are able to judge the emotion conveyed by an artwork in a manner that is consistent across observers. We tested this hypothesis using abstract paintings; these do not provide any reference to objects or narrative contexts, so that any perceived emotion must stem from basic visual characteristics. Nineteen participants with no background in art rated 340 abstract artworks from different artistic movements on valence and arousal on a Likert scale. An intra-class correlation model showed a high consistency in ratings across observers. Importantly, observers used the whole range of the rating scale. Artworks with a high number of edges (complex) and dark colours were rated as more arousing and more negative compared to paintings containing clear lines, bright colours and geometric shapes. These findings provide evidence that emotions can be captured in a meaningful way by the artist in a set of low-level visual characteristics, and that observers interpret this emotional message in a consistent, uniform manner.
Economy, Society and Space: Books in 1983

This is the second in a series of annual reports on books likely to be of interest to readers of Society and Space. Once again, the report is synoptic. The welter of literature of direct or tangential relevance that appears each year defeats any attempt to be all-encompassing. This year the report is divided into six sections, some of which are carried over from last year. The six sections are “Economy”, “The State”, “Third World”, “Housing”, “Class and Civil Society” and “Methodology and Social Theory”.
Undelayed initialization in bearing only SLAM

Most solutions to the SLAM problem in robotics have utilised range and beating sensors as the provided perception data is easy to incorporate, allowing immediate landmark initialization. This is not the case when using bearing-only information because the distance to the perceived landmarks is not directly provided. A whole estimate of a landmark position is only possible via a set of measurements taken from different points of view. The vast majority of contributions to this problem perform a parallel task to get this estimate, and hence the landmark initialization is delayed. We give a new insight to the problem and present a method to avoid this delay by initializing the whole ray that defines the direction of the landmark. We utilize a minimal and computationally efficient form to represent this ray and a new strategy for the subsequent updates. Simulations have been carried out to validate the proposed algorithms.
Sequences of Frustration and Confusion, and Learning

In this paper, we use sensor-free affect detection [4] and a discovery with models approach to explore the relationship between affect occurring over varying durations and learning outcomes among students using Cognitive Tutor Algebra. Researchers have suggested that the affective state of confusion can have positive effects on learning as long as students are able to resolve their confusion [10, 22], and recent research seems to accord with this hypothesis [17]. However, there is some room for concern that some of this earlier work may have conflated frustration and confusion. We replicate these analyses using sensor-free automated detectors trained to distinguish these two affective states. Our analyses suggest that the effect may be stronger for frustration than confusion, but is strongest when these two affective states are taken together. Implications for these findings, including the role of confusion and frustration in online learning, are discussed.
Safety of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among children: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND To our knowledge, there are no published population-based studies on the safety of the inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine among children. OBJECTIVE To screen a large population of children for evidence of increased medical visits in the 2 weeks after influenza vaccination compared with 2 control periods. Secondary analyses included shorter risk periods and restricted age categories. DESIGN Self-control screening analysis. Children vaccinated from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 1999, were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. In group 1, risks of outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient visits during the 14 days after vaccination were compared with the risks of visits in 2 control periods. Significant plausible medically attended events identified in group 1 were then analyzed in group 2, using the same 2 control periods. Medically attended events significant in both groups were considered potentially associated with vaccination and were assessed by medical record review. SETTING Five managed care organizations in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Children younger than 18 years who received an influenza vaccination in one of the managed care settings (N = 251 600). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Among vaccinated children seen for a medically attended event, the odds of the visit occurring in the 2 weeks after vaccination vs during 1 of the 2 control periods. RESULTS Study participants incurred 1165, 230, and 489 different diagnoses during the 14 days after vaccination according to the outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient data, respectively. Four diagnoses were positively associated with the vaccine in both groups 1 and 2: impetigo, dermatitis, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, and ureteral disorder not otherwise specified. After medical record review, impetigo (9 cases) in children 6 to 23 months old remained significantly associated with vaccination. CONCLUSION This large screening safety study did not reveal any evidence of important medically attended events associated with pediatric influenza vaccination.
TOURISTS' EVALUATIONS OF DESTINATION IMAGE, SATISFACTION, AND FUTURE BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS—THE CASE OF MAURITIUS

Empirical studies have analyzed the relationship between destination image and other evaluative constructs such as perceived value and service quality. However, the role and influence of destination image on future behavioral intentions have been of lesser interest. Consequently, this article examines the relationship between destination image, satisfaction, and future behavioral intentions of visitors to the island of Mauritius. A theoretical model is tested on a sample of 705 international visitors using structural equations modeling. The results show that destination image has a direct and an indirect influence over future behavior. Satisfaction and overall image play a mediating role between destination image and future behavior. As a result, important theoretical and practical implications for destination image research and marketing are offered.
Mining Process Variants: Goals and Issues

Recently, process-aware information systems (PAIS) were introduced, which allow for dynamic process and service changes. This, in turn, has led to a large number of process model variants, which are difficult to maintain and expensive to configure. This paper deals with goals and issues related to the mining of process model variants. Our overall goal is to learn from process changes and to "merge" the resulting model variants into a generic process model in the best possible way. By adopting this generic process model in the PAIS, future cost of process change and need for process adaptations will decrease.
Graphic literacy: Part I. A review of the literature

Abstract The first part of the article reviews the literature on graphic literacy particularly in relation to vocational education. The concept of graphic literacy is explained in terms of the Development Model of Literacy and a study conducted by Sofo (1984) on graphic literacy in the workplace will be described in Part Two in a later issue. Although the area of graphic literacy remains relatively unexplored, Sofo's study demonstrated that adolescents with the poorest comprehension abilities benefited more from illustrations, tables, charts, figures and graphs than did the able readers. A major recommendation of the study was for further research to be conducted which would clarify how graphics materials assist comprehension and how they could be most beneficially utilized within vocational training courses.
N400-like negativities in action perception reflect the activation of two components of an action representation

Abstract The understanding of actions of tool use depends on the motor act that is performed and on the function of the objects involved in the action. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the processes that derive both kinds of information in a task in which inserting actions had to be judged. The actions were presented as two consecutive frames, one showing an effector/instrument and the other showing a potential target object of the action. Two mismatches were possible. An orientation mismatch occurred when the spatial object properties were not consistent with a motor act of insertion being performed (i.e., different orientations of insert and slot). A functional mismatch happened when the instrument (e.g., screwdriver) would usually not be applied to the target object (e.g., keyhole). The order in which instrument and target object were presented was also varied. The two kinds of mismatch gave rise to similar but not identical negativities in the latency range of the N400 followed by a positive modulation. The results indicate that the motor act and the function of the objects are derived by two at least partially different subprocesses and become integrated into a common representation of the observed action.
Columbia University at MSE 2005

We describe our participation in the Multilingual Summarization Evaluation 2005. We describe the Columbia summarizers that were used in our submission and discuss the evaluation, drawing conclusions about the performance of our summarizers, discussing the state of multilingual summarization in general and also listing issues that need consideration for future evaluations.
A Review on Mobile Commerce Continuance Intention Studies and its Underlying Model

The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview on mobile commerce research with a focus on mobile commerce continuance usage intention studies. It highlights the phenomenon of mobile commerce industry as well as the conceptual definition of mobile commerce itself. It is then followed by a discussion on selected previous mobile commerce studies. In order to fill in the gap in the current literature, this paper offers significant implication in terms of understanding the need for conducting more research on mobile commerce continuance intention. This article reviews approximately forty journal publications on mobile commerce which are published from 2004 until 2013 from selected journals. A brief discussion on the underlying model for mobile commerce continuance usage intention studies follows suit.
Miniaturized flexible chipless RFID tag for IoT market

In this paper, a novel 9-bit flexible chipless RFID tag design with a size of 10.5 × 15 mm<sup>2</sup> is proposed. The tag is analyzed for Kapton<sup>®</sup>HN and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The tag based on Kapton<sup>®</sup>HN substrate is operating in a frequency band of 8–19 GHz, while PET based tag operates in 8.5–20 GHz. Silver nanoparticle-based ink is utilized for easy printability of tag which will reduce its manufacturing cost. The proposed miniaturized tag is suitable for numerous low-cost applications.
Incremental Approach and User Feedbacks: a Silver Bullet for Traceability Recovery

Several authors apply information retrieval (IR) techniques to recover traceability links between software artefacts. The use of user feedbacks (in terms of classification of retrieval links as correct or false positives) has been proposed to improve the retrieval performances of these techniques. In this paper we present a critical analysis of using feedbacks within an incremental traceability recovery process. In particular, we analyse the trade-off between the improvement of the performances and the link classification effort required to train the IR-based traceability recovery tool. We also present the results achieved in case studies and show that even though the retrieval performances generally improve with the use of feedbacks, IR-based approaches are still far from solving the problem of recovering all correct links with a low classification effort
Conceptions of Justice in the Examination Systems of England, Germany, and Sweden: A Look at Safeguards of Fair Procedure and Possibilities of Appeal

In societies following a meritocratic ideal, educational certificates and examinations play a key role in allocating life chances to individuals. Procedures for allocating life chances need to be perceived as fair by those concerned if examinations and certificates are to possess legitimacy. This article traces and compares basic conceptions of procedural justice embedded in systems of examination and assessment of secondary schools in Germany, Sweden, and England. It uses Gerald Leventhal’s concept of procedural justice to analyze context-dependent differences in uses of examinations for purposes of ensuring fairness and facilitating appeals.
The 2004 GSS Finding of Shrunken Social Networks: An Artifact?

McPherson, Smith-Lovin, and Brashears (2006, 2008b) reported that Americans' social networks shrank precipitously from 1985 to 2004. When asked to list the people with whom they discussed “important matters,” respondents to the 2004 General Social Survey (GSS) provided about one-third fewer names than did respondents in the 1985 survey. Critically, the percentage of respondents who provided no names at all increased from about 10 percent in 1985 to about 25 percent in 2004. The 2004 results contradict other relevant data, however, and they contain serious anomalies; this suggests that the apparently dramatic increase in social isolation is an artifact. One possible source of the artifact is the section of the 2004 interview preceding the network question; it may have been unusually taxing. Another possible source is a random technical error. With as yet no clear account for these inconsistencies and anomalies, scholars should be cautious in using the 2004 network data. Scholars and general readers alike should draw no inference from the 2004 GSS as to whether Americans' social networks changed substantially between 1985 and 2004; they probably did not.
Attitudes and reactions to media coverage of terrorist acts

The present study examined attitudes and reactions of individuals towards media coverage of terrorist acts. Shortly after a series of severe terrorist attacks had taken place in Israel, 534 people were asked to fill out a questionnaire that assessed their attitudes and reactions to the media's coverage of these acts as well as a questionnaire that examined their information-seeking style. The results suggested that although a considerable proportion of media consumers preferred detailed coverage of terrorist acts, when the coverage included horrifying details, the readiness for receiving detailed information declined. In addition, the results indicated that exposure to such coverage was associated with the development of symptoms similar to those of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Finally, individual differences in both attitudes and reactions towards media coverage were found as a function of participants' gender, political orientation, and information-seeking style. The theoretical and empirical implications of these findings are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Work-self balance: A longitudinal study on the effects of job demands and resources on personal functioning in Japanese working parents

Abstract In work-family research the effects on the individual, or the “self”, in terms of personal interests independent of the work and family domains, have been largely neglected. This longitudinal study on 471 Japanese employees with young children investigated how job demands and job resources may have an impact on well-being by facilitating or hindering personal functioning. It was hypothesized that workload would have an unfavourable impact on work-to-self conflict, while supervisor support would have a favourable impact on work-to-self facilitation. In addition, we hypothesized that work–self conflict would diminish well-being (psychological distress and happiness), while work–self facilitation would enhance well-being over time. Structural equation modelling analyses using a full panel design showed that work overload was positively related to work–self conflict over time, whereas supervisor support was positively related to work–self facilitation. Furthermore, work–self conflict predicted psychological distress and happiness at T2, one year later, after controlling for T1 levels. These findings suggest that the demands and resources encountered at work can spill over to the home domain and have an impact on personal functioning and context-free well-being. Further research is needed to determine the importance of work-self constructs in relation to work-family constructs.
The use of ask and tell by Dutch children

In this journal many experiments have been reported concerning the understanding of ask and tell by children (Edelsky & Muina 1977, Warden 1981, Bock & Hornsby 1981, Chomsky 1982, Tanz 1982, 1983); the production of these verbs is investigated only by Bock & Hornsby. Tanz (1983 : 187) speaks of 'children's apparent "errors" in interpreting ask and tell, incidentally uncovered in C. Chomsky's research on syntactic development', and with none of the other authors mentioned above have I found any deviation from the opinion that Chomsky (1969) was the first to identify the problem at issue. Evidently it has escaped the researchers' attention that the problem had previously been broached by me (in Kaper 1966: 48—51), probably because this contribution was written in German. I therefore repeat here my findings relating to the matter, adding some recent observations. Apart from Bock & Hornsby, the above authors confine themselves to the children's understanding of ask and tell in experimental situations; my own observations apply to the spontaneous use of the Dutch equivalents of these verbs in natural situations. The verbs are vragen and zeggen, meaning 'to ask a question' and 'to make known', 'to communicate', respectively. In adult Dutch it is also possible to use vragen as a request, and zeggen as a directive; the former interpretation also occurs in my notes, but the latter does not play any part in my observations. I encountered the ask—tell problem when studying the use of prepositions by my sons E and H. In English we can use ask and tell in the above meanings with direct and indirect objects, which is possible in Dutch also (iemand iets vragen ' to ask somebody something'; iemand iets zeggen 'to tell somebody something'). In Dutch we can also use prepositions with both verbs, whereas in English such an alternative construction is only possible with tell. So Dutch ' tegen iemand iets zeggen' corresponds to English 'to tell something to somebody', but for Dutch 'aan iemand iets vragen' there is no equivalent construction in English. As the
A third component causing random variability beside environment and genotype. A reason for the limited success of a 30 year long effort to standardize laboratory animals?

This paper is a review of experiments, performed in our laboratory during the past 20 years, designed to analyse the significance of different components of random variability in quantitative traits in laboratory rats and mice. Reduction of genetic variability by using inbred strains and reduction of environmental variability by highly standardized husbandry in laboratory animals did not remarkably reduce the range of random variability in quantitative biological traits. Neither did a tremendous increase of the environmental variability (i.e., living in a natural setting) increase it. Therefore, the postnatal environment cannot be that important as the source of random variability. Utilizing methods established in twin research, only 20–30% of the range of the body weight in inbred mice were directly estimated to be of environmental origin. The remaining 70–80% were due to a third component creating biological random variability, in addition to the genetic and environmental influences. This third component is effective at or before fertilization and may originate from ooplasmic differences. It is the most important component of the phenotypic random variability, fixing its range and dominating the genetic and the environmental component. The Gaussian distribution of the body weights observed, even in inbred animals, seems to be an arrangement supporting natural selection rather than the consequence of heterogeneous environmental influences. In a group of inbred rats, the males with the highest chance of parenting the next generation were gathered in the central classes of the distribution of the body weight.