Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transplanting tenure and the (re)construction of academic freedoms

In a radical change to modes of academic employment in Finland, a newly merged university is introducing a tenure track system based on examples from the United States. Analyzing texts produced by university strategists, on the one hand, and interviews with staff affected by the system, on the other, we explore how notions of academic freedom are (re)constructed when tenure is transplanted into a new context. Our exploratory study builds on Marginson's work, and seeks to understand, first, how tenure becomes a tool for realizing senior management strategic intent in universities and, second, how it affects academics' understandings of freedoms. It is argued that tenure and its effects need to be considered vis-à-vis the local context where it is adopted and adapted.
“We Cannot Reach Them”: Chinese Undergraduate Student Perceptions of the U.S. Campus Climate

Chinese undergraduate student interaction with U.S. students and faculty shared significant relationships with positive perceptions of the U.S. campus climate in this study. Student interaction drew upon the contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954); faculty interaction drew upon Kuh and Hu (2001); and perceptions drew upon the campus climate for diversity (Hurtado, Milem, Clayton-Pedersen, & Allen, 1999). Student affairs practice suggestions extended implications for campus climate research in this original study on Chinese undergraduate students in the United States.
Infants' understanding of the epistemic nature of eye gaze during the second year of life

The current thesis explored infants' implicit understanding of mental states during the second year of life. The first paper focused on infants' appreciation of the relationship between visual perception and knowledge. Based on an interactive search task, 24-month-olds demonstrated an understanding that people's eyes need to be unobstructed in order for them to be connected to the external world. Using a preferential looking paradigm, 18-month-olds predicted different behavior as a function of a person's visual experience. The second paper employed the preferential looking paradigm to investigate 18-month-olds' attributions of knowledge or ignorance when looking behavior was displayed by a person or a humanoid robot. Infants predicted different behavior as a function of the person's visual experience, while they did not demonstrate this expectation in the robot condition. The third paper explored infants' understanding of the epistemic nature of eye gaze within the context of a word learning task (Baldwin, 1993). In three experiments 18-month-olds were exposed to either a human or robot speaker who uttered novel labels for unfamiliar objects under two different eye gaze conditions. While infants followed the eye gaze of the non-human speaker, they did not use the robot speaker's eye gaze cues to determine the correct referent of novel words, even when contingent interaction was added. When the speaker was human, infants used the speaker's eye gaze to determine the correct referent. Together, the findings from the studies presented in this dissertation suggest that by 18 months, infants possess an implicit appreciation of the relationship between visual perception and knowledge. The results also provide evidence for the notion that by 18 months, the scope of infants' concept of mentalistic agent has narrowed relative to that demonstrated by younger infants
Adolescents' Perceptions of Privacy Invasion in Reaction to Parental Solicitation and Control

Following suggestions from prior research, this 2-wave longitudinal study examined whether parental solicitation and control influenced adolescents' later perceptions of privacy invasion. Data from 307 Dutch adolescents were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM). Differences in adolescents' invasion perceptions were examined in terms of gender and the quality of interactions with parents. Parental control influenced later invasion perceptions among adolescents reporting higher quality interactions with parents, particularly among males. Parental solicitation also predicted perceptions of invasion. Results are discussed in terms of Kerr and Stattin's (2000) reinterpretation of parental monitoring, gender differences, the dialectical tension between openness and closedness in family relationships, and implications for adolescent-parent privacy negotiations.
Deep Transfer as Structure Learning in Markov Logic Networks

Learning the relational structure of a domain is a fundamental problem in statistical relational learning. The deep transfer algorithm of Davis and Domingos attempts to improve structure learning in Markov logic networks by harnessing the power of transfer learning, using the second-order structural regularities of a source domain to bias the structure search process in a target domain. We propose that the clique-scoring process which discovers these second-order regularities constitutes a novel standalone method for learning the structure of Markov logic networks, and that this fact, rather than the transfer of structural knowledge across domains, accounts for much of the performance benefit observed via the deep transfer process. This claim is supported by experiments in which we find that clique scoring within a single domain often produces results equaling or surpassing the performance of deep transfer incorporating external knowledge, and also by explicit algorithmic similarities between deep transfer and other structure learning techniques.
The Therapeutic Relationship: A Study on the Value of the Therapist Client Rating Scale

This article reports on some psychometric features of the Therapist Client Rating Scale (TCRS), an instrument that claims to measure the therapeutic relationship in behaviour therapy sessions. A study is described in which the TCRS was completed after each therapy session by 28 obsessive-compulsive patients undergoing behaviour therapy, as well as by the therapists. The perception of patient behaviour correlated significantly with the treatment outcome. Further examination on the reliability and validity of the TCRS is recommended.
Capacity Choice Counters the Coase Conjecture

The Coase conjecture (1972) is the proposition that a durable-goods monopolist, who sells over time and can quickly reduce prices as sales are made, will price at marginal cost. We show that an arbitrarily small deviation from Coase's assumptions—a deviation that applies in almost any practical application—results in the failure of that conjecture. In particular, we examine that conjecture in a model where there is a vanishingly small cost for production (or sales) capacity, and the seller may augment capacity in every period. In the "gap case", any positive capacity cost ensures that in the limit, as the size of the gap and the time between sales periods shrink, the monopolist obtains profits identical to those that would prevail when she could commit ex ante to a fixed capacity. Those profits are at least 29.8% of the full static monopoly optimum. Copyright 2008, Wiley-Blackwell.
Alleviation of lindane induced toxicity in testis of Swiss mice (Mus musculus) by combined treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid.

Mitigation of lindane induced toxicity in testis of Swiss mice by combined treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid has been evaluated. Male healthy mice (40), 8-10 weeks old were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups, control (C); lindane (L); antioxidant (A) and antioxidant plus lindane (A+L). Group C animals were administered only the vehicle (olive oil); in group L lindane was administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg body wt. ; in group A combination of antioxidants at a dose of 125 mg/kg body wt. (vitamin C: 50 mg/kg body wt., vitamin E: 50 mg/kg body wt. and alpha-lipoic acid: 25 mg/kg body wt.) was administered orally; in group A+L both antioxidants (125 mg/kg body wt.) and lindane (40 mg/kg body wt.) were administered at their respective doses. In group A+L antioxidants were administered 1 h prior to lindane administration. All treatments were continuously given for 60 days. Histopathological changes due to lindane intoxication indicated shrunken and distorted seminiferous tubules, sparse Leydig cells and blood vessels and atrophy in the tissue. The testis weight also decreased significantly. Lindane treated group showed increased lipid peroxidation, whereas glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and protein were significantly decreased compared to control. Lindane induced damage was minimized by administration of antioxidants. Results suggest that combined pretreatment with antioxidants can alleviate the damage caused to testis by lindane.
Impacts of interrelated biotic and abiotic processes during the past 125 000 years of landscape evolution in the Northern Mojave Desert , Nevada , USA

Interrelated, biotic (flora and fauna) and abiotic (pedogenesis and hydrology) processes were examined at four sites (30, and approximately 1000–3000, 7000–12 000, and 125 000 years before present) in the northern Mojave Desert. Data collected at each included floral and faunal surveys; soil texture, structure, and morphology; and soil hydraulic properties. Separate measurements were made in shrub undercanopy and intercanopy microsites. At all sites, shrubs made up greater than 86 percent of total perennial cover, being least on the youngest site (4 percent) and most on the 7000–12 000-year-old site (31 percent). In the intercanopy, winter annual density was highest on the 1000to 3000-year-old site (249 plants/m) and lowest on the oldest site (4 plants/m). Faunal activity, measured by burrow density, was highest on the 1000–3000and 7000–12 000-year-old sites (0.21 burrows/m) and density was twice as high in the undercanopy versus the intercanopy. Burrow density was lower at the two oldest sites, although density was not statistically greater in the undercanopy than intercanopy. At the older sites, the soil water balance was increasingly controlled by Av horizons in intercanopy soils in which saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) decreased 95 percent from the youngest to the oldest site. No significant reduction in Ksat in undercanopy soils was observed. Decreases in the intercanopy sites correlated with decreases in annual plant density and bioturbation, suggesting these processes are interrelated with surface age. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Three Ways That Literacy Coaches Balance Responsive and Directive Relationships with Teachers

Building on recent studies of literacy coaches' roles in schools and relationships with teachers, this article provides empirical descriptions of 3 ways that literacy coaches in an urban, midsized East Coast school district described balancing coaching behaviors they identified as responsive (coaching for teacher self-reflection) and directive (coaching for the implementation of particular practices). School reform literature suggests that a mixture of pressure and support from school leaders and literacy coaches may be most effective in helping teachers shift instructional practices, but few empirical descriptions exist illustrating how coaches balance those positions. Drawing on qualitative focus group, interview, and observation data collected during the 2007–2008 academic year, the current study identifies 3 ways that literacy coaches negotiated the tension between supporting individual teachers' goals and encouraging particular literacy practices. Circumstances and mechanisms that support balanced coaching are described through narrative case examples, and brief recommendations are provided for future research.
Phototropin Encoded by a Single-Copy Gene Mediates Chloroplast Photorelocation Movements in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha1[W]

Phototropin, encoded by a single-copy gene, mediates chloroplast movements in Marchantia polymorpha, and its expression can rescue the phot mutant defects in vascular plants. Blue-light-induced chloroplast photorelocation movement is observed in most land plants. Chloroplasts move toward weak-light-irradiated areas to efficiently absorb light (the accumulation response) and escape from strong-light-irradiated areas to avoid photodamage (the avoidance response). The plant-specific kinase phototropin (phot) is the blue-light receptor for chloroplast movements. Although the molecular mechanisms for chloroplast photorelocation movement have been analyzed, the overall aspects of signal transduction common to land plants are still unknown. Here, we show that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha exhibits the accumulation and avoidance responses exclusively induced by blue light as well as specific chloroplast positioning in the dark. Moreover, in silico and Southern-blot analyses revealed that the M. polymorpha genome encodes a single PHOT gene, MpPHOT, and its knockout line displayed none of the chloroplast photorelocation movements, indicating that the sole MpPHOT gene mediates all types of movement. Mpphot was localized on the plasma membrane and exhibited blue-light-dependent autophosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. Heterologous expression of MpPHOT rescued the defects in chloroplast movement of phot mutants in the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris and the seed plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These results indicate that Mpphot possesses evolutionarily conserved regulatory activities for chloroplast photorelocation movement. M. polymorpha offers a simple and versatile platform for analyzing the fundamental processes of phototropin-mediated chloroplast photorelocation movement common to land plants.
Comparing Self-stereotyping with In-group-stereotyping and Out-group-stereotyping in Unequal-status Groups: The Case of Gender

We compared self-stereotyping, in-group-stereotyping, and out-group-stereotyping, among members of high- and low-status groups. Because gender inequality is still present in society, we operationalized status in terms of gender. We considered the male (female) gender category to possess relatively high (low) status. As predicted on the basis of an extension of Mullen's model (1991), Italian men showed significant levels of out-group-stereotyping, but no significant levels of self-stereotyping or in-group-stereotyping. In contrast, Italian women showed significant levels of self-stereotyping, in-group-stereotyping, and out-group-stereotyping. Looked at differently, men showed significantly stronger out-group-stereotyping than women, and women showed significantly stronger self-stereotyping than men. Women also showed marginally stronger in-group-stereotyping than men. The stronger self-stereotyping among women was mediated by greater female in-group identification.
Optimal Interplay between Synaptic Strengths and Network Structure Enhances Activity Fluctuations and Information Propagation in Hierarchical Modular Networks

In network models of spiking neurons, the joint impact of network structure and synaptic parameters on activity propagation is still an open problem. Here, we use an information-theoretical approach to investigate activity propagation in spiking networks with a hierarchical modular topology. We observe that optimized pairwise information propagation emerges due to the increase of either (i) the global synaptic strength parameter or (ii) the number of modules in the network, while the network size remains constant. At the population level, information propagation of activity among adjacent modules is enhanced as the number of modules increases until a maximum value is reached and then decreases, showing that there is an optimal interplay between synaptic strength and modularity for population information flow. This is in contrast to information propagation evaluated among pairs of neurons, which attains maximum value at the maximum values of these two parameter ranges. By examining the network behavior under the increase of synaptic strength and the number of modules, we find that these increases are associated with two different effects: (i) the increase of autocorrelations among individual neurons and (ii) the increase of cross-correlations among pairs of neurons. The second effect is associated with better information propagation in the network. Our results suggest roles that link topological features and synaptic strength levels to the transmission of information in cortical networks.
Students’ Voice: A Needs Analysis of University General English Course in Iran

Needs analysis is an important step in terms of developing curriculum and syllabus for different courses. It is necessary to become familiar with students’ objectives, attitudes, learning habits and expectations of the course in order to have an appropriate and suitable syllabus and course design. This study was an attempt to investigate the perceived English language needs of students in university General English course in Iran. This is an obligatory three-credit course offered for all non-English majors, for which no specialized syllabus is proposed by the Ministry of Education and as a result different teachers would select different syllabuses, methods and textbooks based on their own beliefs and experiences while hardly considering students’ real needs and wants. In order to detect students’ views toward what they need to learn, their preferred learning style, and their attitudes, motivation and interest toward learning English, a revised version of questionnaire developed by Sihong (2007) was utilized. The results revealed that the students considered vocabulary as the most important component of the language which needed the most practice, whereas they found grammar as the component that they most resented and had the least expertise in. In addition, they perceived reading as the most important skill, while they considered listening and speaking as their most problematic skills. The students also showed positive attitudes and high motivation toward learning English. It is hoped that findings from this study can assist Iranian teachers and curriculum and syllabus designers to consider the importance of the students’ real needs and try to develop and design materials which can fulfill the present gap. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.17576/GEMA-2014-1401-05
Attention Deficit Disorder and the Mediating Effect of Age on Academic and Behavioral Variables

Seventy-nine children, independently diagnosed as having attention deficit disorder (ADD) with or without hyperactivity and ranging in age from 6 years, 0 months, to 12 years, 11 months, were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBC). Multiple regression analyses indicated a significant multiple correlation between age and achievement variables (R=0.42, p=0.003) and age and behavioral (CBC) variables (R=0.55, p=0.01). Post hoc analyses indicated that much of this variance was accounted for by a significant negative association between age and Full Scale IQ-WRAT Arithmetic difference scores, and significant positive correlations between age and scores on the Social Withdrawal and Uncommunicative scales from the CBC. A nonparametric chi-square analysis indicated that older children with ADD are significantly more likely (p=0.037) than younger ADD children to have a discrepancy of 15 or more points between IQ and math achievement scores. Results suggest that older ADD children are more likely than younger ADD children to experience academic and socioemotional difficulties. J Dev Behav Pediatr 11:22-26, 1990.
Distributed leadership in secondary schools in England

1. HTs’ job descriptions, as confirmed by the Hay Group, were among the most diverse and demanding of any senior executive across the business and education spheres. 2. The HT role was becoming unsustainable and distinctly unattractive to many senior staff who would in a quieter age have aspired to the role. 3. Enter distributed leadership: develop the capacity of your school and lighten the HT’s burden, freeing her/him to do those key things only HTs can do. 4. Enliven colleagues and improve provision/ raise standards for pupils.
Praxis and reflexivity for interprofessional education: towards an inclusive theoretical framework for learning

Abstract While there is growing evidence of theoretical perspectives adopted in interprofessional education, learning theories tend to foreground the individual, focusing on psycho-social aspects of individual differences and professional identity to the detriment of considering social-structural factors at work in social practices. Conversely socially situated practice is criticised for being context-specific, making it difficult to draw generalisable conclusions for improving interprofessional education. This article builds on a theoretical framework derived from earlier research, drawing on the dynamics of Dewey’s experiential learning theory and Archer’s critical realist social theory, to make a case for a meta-theoretical framework enabling social-constructivist and situated learning theories to be interlinked and integrated through praxis and reflexivity. Our current analysis is grounded in an interprofessional curriculum initiative mediated by a virtual community peopled by health and social care users. Student perceptions, captured through quantitative and qualitative data, suggest three major disruptive themes, creating opportunities for congruence and disjuncture and generating a model of zones of interlinked praxis associated with professional differences and identity, pedagogic strategies and technology-mediated approaches. This model contributes to a framework for understanding the complexity of interprofessional learning and offers bridges between individual and structural factors for engaging with the enablements and constraints at work in communities of practice and networks for interprofessional education.
Associations between individual and relationship characteristics and genital herpes disclosure

Disclosure is often a challenge for individuals living with genital herpes. This study explores determinants of genital herpes disclosure with one’s most recent sexual partner using an online questionnaire (n = 93). The majority of participants reported (80.4%) disclosure. Among non-disclosers, fear of negative partner reactions was the primary reason for non-disclosure. Age, relationship commitment, time in relationship, and expectations of partner’s reaction were statistically significant predictors at the bivariate level. Reaction expectations and relationship commitment remained significant in the multivariate logistic regression model. Findings indicate that future disclosure research should focus on relationship context and managing negative expectations to increase disclosure.
Pose Estimation With Segmentation Consistency

In this paper, we propose a novel method that treats pose estimation as a problem with the constraints of human segmentation consistency from single images. Different from the previous paper, we integrate pose estimation and object segmentation into a joint optimization. With the support of segmentation consistency, we can obtain more reliable pose results. Through analyzing the energy function of pose estimation and human segmentation, we convert the pose estimation into a binary optimization problem that has the same formation as segmentation. The top-down pose shape cues, bottom-up visual cues, and the consistency constraints that penalize the mismatching of pose and human foreground are incorporated into our final objective function. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results demonstrate the merits of our method in pose estimation on Ramanan benchmark and Buffy data sets.