Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of metals in methane production from shredder waste in landfills

In this study, different types of shredder waste (i.e. fresh and old samples) were characterized. The role of metals in methane (CH4) production from shredder waste was assessed. Shredder waste and sterilized shredder waste were incubated at 37 oC and moisture content of 75 % w/w, and inoculum addition of 30 % of the samples wet weight. Moreover, the ability of metals (iron, aluminum, zinc and copper) contained in shredder waste to produce H2 was investigated. Iron, aluminum and zinc produced H2 in contact with water under anaerobic condition, and the produced H2 was utilized in biological experiments by hydrogenotrophic methanogens to convert CO2 to CH4. Addition of aluminum and zinc to shredder waste resulted in higher CH4 production while adding iron and copper to shredder waste resulted in inhibition of CH4 production. This suggested that aluminum and zinc contribute to high CH4 production from shredder waste by providing H2 for hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Gas compositions with higher CH4 and lower CO2 observed in landfilled shredder waste are thus most likely due to the consumption of existing CO2 in the produced biogas and the produced H2 by biocorrosion of aluminum and zinc by methanogens.
Bianisotropic Photonic Metamaterials

In metamaterials, electric (magnetic) dipoles can be excited by the electric (magnetic) component of the incident light field. Moreover, in the description of bianisotropic metamaterials, cross terms occur, i.e., magnetic dipoles can also be excited by the electric-field component of the incident light and vice versa. For the cross terms, in the general bianisotropic case, the exciting field and dipole vectors include an arbitrary angle. For the special case of chirality, the angle is zero. In the spirit of a brief tutorial, a very simple electric-circuit description of the split-ring resonator is used to give a basic introduction to the cross terms. Mathematical details of the effective parameter retrieval are presented. Furthermore, we briefly review recent experiments on bianisotropic metamaterials operating at optical frequencies.
The Happy Spotlight: Positive Mood and Selective Attention to Rewarding Information

Positive mood states are thought to sensitize individuals to rewards in their environment, presumably in the service of approach-related decision making and behavior. From a selective attention standpoint, such mood-related effects should be associated with selective attention biases favoring rewarding stimuli. No prior results along these lines have been reported. Therefore, the authors conducted a systematic program of research designed to document such relations. Study 1 found that daily positive mood states were associated with attention to reward words in a spatial probe task. Studies 2-5 replicated this association in the context of mood manipulations. The latter studies also show that the effect generalizes across different mood manipulation procedures, is specific to positive mood states, and is particularly apparent in relation to rewarding (vs. non-rewarding) positive stimuli. The results extend our knowledge of mood-cognition relations and have important implications for understanding the social cognitive consequences of positive mood states.
Gender differences in reactions to injustice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine gender differences in reactions to pay inequity and procedural justice. Specifically, the study seeks to reveal whether these gender differences can be explained by pay comparisons and knowledge of pay. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze survey data that were combined with archival pay data representing a sample of 416 employees of two universities in Finland. Findings – Male employees were found to be more sensitive toward pay inequity than female employees. In contrast, procedural justice was more strongly related to the organizational commitment of female than that of male employees. These effects were partly explained by pay comparisons and knowledge of pay. While male employees were more likely to compare their pay with some external referents, female employees were more likely to compare their pay internally. Male employees were somewhat more familiar with the pay system. Differences in these variables .
Language learning strategies and Croatian EFL learners

The article describes a study of the language learning strategies used by Croatian EFL learners. The study was carried out on 362 subjects of different age, gender and proficiency level. The Croatian translation of Oxford's SILL Version 5.1 was used to assess the strategies.The results described in the paper show that Croatian learners' strategy use was in the medium range, that females used strategies more often than males and that strategy use correlated with EFL achievement. Instead of using the six-part division established by Oxford, the author carried out a factor analysis procedure in an effort to capture better the dynamics of the SILL data of her specific sample. The isolated factors revealed the following types of strategies: memory, communicative, metacognitive, cognitive, comprehension and socioaffective strategies.
The Emergence of Language

This paper argues that the faculty of language comes essentially for free in evolutionary terms, grace of a capacity shared with some evolutionarily quite distantly related animals for deliberatively planning action in the world. The reason humans have language of a kind that animals do not, is because of a qualitative difference in the nature of human plans, rather than anything unique to language.
FNAC of tubercular lymph node-An alternative to excision biopsy

Background: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in our country, India. Tuberculer involvement of cervical lymph node is very common. Diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis can be made by using various biochemical, micro bacteriological laboratory methods. Above all these methods stands Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of affected lymph node which is simple, quick, easy and effective method to diagnose tubercular lymphadenopathy. Aim: This study is done to 1. Study various cytological patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis & find out the AFB positivity of such cases. 2. To find out how far it can obviate the biopsy of tubercular lymph nodes for diagnosis. Material and Methods: Total 465 suspected cervical tubercular lymphadenopathy patients of were included in study. Detailed clinical history regarding duration of swelling, sites, size, consistency, and mobility were taken into account. Fine needle aspirations were done and the smears were air-dried and stained with MayGrünwald Giemsa (MGG) and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Result: During this period of five years 465 patients of cervical lymphadenopathy were diagnosed as tubercular lymphadenitis. AFB positivity was 55.2%. Conclusion: FNAC can be used as diagnostic tool alone in case of tubercular lymphadenitis.
Using Environmental DNA to Estimate the Distribution of an Invasive Fish Species in Ponds

Knowledge of the presence of an invasive species is critical to monitoring the sustainability of communities and ecosystems. Environmental DNA (eDNA), DNA fragments that are likely to be bound to organic matters in the water or in shed cells, has been used to monitor the presence of aquatic animals. Using an eDNA-based method, we estimated the presence of the invasive bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, in 70 ponds located in seven locales on the Japanese mainland and on surrounding islands. We quantified the concentration of DNA copies in a 1 L water sample using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with a primer/probe set. In addition, we visually observed the bluegill presence in the ponds from the shoreline. We detected bluegill eDNA in all the ponds where bluegills were observed visually and some where bluegills were not observed. Bluegills were also less prevalent on the islands than the mainland, likely owing to limited dispersal and introduction by humans. Our eDNA method simply and rapidly detects the presence of this invasive fish species with less disturbance to the environment during field surveys than traditional methods.
Assessment of Punica granatum L . extract on the mitotic arrest of plant bioassay system

Analysis of mitotic process and description of chromosome aberrations are important aspects in plant genetics to assess the effect of medicinal plant extract. Ethnopharmacological relevance: P. granatum extracts have been reported to exert multiple health effects, e.g. anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidiarrheal, etc. However, the antiproliferative effects were not as extensively studied, including those of protocatachuic acid, a major constituent of the extract. This work aims at analyzing the constituents of the acetone extract of the plant and testing its antiproliferative effects. Material and Methods: Fingerprint of Punica granatum L. polyphenol acetone extract was analyzed using HPLC, UV-detection. Allium cepa L. root meristem was used as bioassay system. The study groups included 3 concentrations of the extract (0.1, 0.5, 0.75/ 100 mL) with 3 exposure times for each (3, 6 and 12 hours) and control for each treatment. For every experiment, 5 samples with 1,000 cells were studied. Effects on cytological and ultrastructure assays were done. As well as biochemical and molecular analyses (estimation of total protein content, DNA ladder, detection of nuclease activity) were done. Results: HPLC authentication of the extract revealed the presence of 15 fractions, of which protocatechuic acid, O-H Benzoic, chlorogenic acid, phenol and quarecetin were quantified. The application of acetone extract resulted in changes in ultrastructure of all organelles, reverse the viability of meristem cells and induce programmed cell death. The inhibitory effect of acetone extract was found to be dose and exposure time dependent. The mitotic process was associated with metaphase arrest and the disappearance of telophase stage that abolish the continuity of mitotic activity. There was a significant increase in nuclease activity enzymes, which in turn enhanced the cleavage of DNA to induce a typical ladder form. Conclusion: The total polyphenol extract of Punica granatum L. reprogram Allium cepa L. meristematic cells resulting in programmed cell death. [Sahar Abdel Tawab, Zakeya Mohamed Adam and Shaimaa Selmi Sobieh. Assessment of Punica granatum L. extract on the mitotic arrest of plant bioassay system. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):757-770]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 113
Internal and external validity of cluster randomised trials: systematic review of recent trials

Objectives To assess aspects of the internal validity of recently published cluster randomised trials and explore the reporting of information useful in assessing the external validity of these trials. Design Review of 34 cluster randomised trials in primary care published in 2004 and 2005 in seven journals (British Medical Journal, British Journal of General Practice, Family Practice, Preventive Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal of General Internal Medicine, Pediatrics). Data sources National Library of Medicine (Medline) via PubMed. Data extraction To assess aspects of internal validity we extracted data on appropriateness of sample size calculations and analyses, methods of identifying and recruiting individual participants, and blinding. To explore reporting of information useful in assessing external validity we extracted data on cluster eligibility, cluster inclusion and retention, cluster generalisability, and the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention to health providers in clusters. Results 21 (62%) trials accounted for clustering in sample size calculations and 30 (88%) in the analysis; about a quarter were potentially biased because of procedures surrounding recruitment and identification of patients; individual participants were blind to allocation status in 19 (56%) and outcome assessors were blind in 15 (44%). In almost half the reports, information relating to generalisability of clusters was poorly reported, and in two fifths there was no information about the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Conclusions Cluster randomised trials are essential for evaluating certain types of interventions. Issues affecting their internal validity, such as appropriate sample size calculations and analysis, have been widely disseminated and are now better addressed by researchers. Blinding of those identifying and recruiting patients to allocation status is recommended but is not always carried out. There may be fewer barriers to internal validity in trials in which individual participants are not recruited. External validity seems poorly addressed in many trials, yet is arguably as important as internal validity in judging quality as a basis for healthcare intervention.
Visit‐to‐visit variability in blood pressure and Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia and one of the leading sources of disability and dependency in the elderly. Given the limited treatment options, understanding the role of modifiable risk factors implied in the disease pathogenesis is a worthwhile endeavor to limit its global burden. Recently, the variability of blood pressure has been suggested to be a significant determinant of brain alterations and a potential therapeutic target. The aim of this article is to review the clinical evidence on the association between visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability and Alzheimer's disease, highlight the underlying mechanisms, and suggest future implications.
Long-acting injectable risperidone v. olanzapine tablets for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Randomised, controlled, open-label study.

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of long-acting injectable risperidone have not been compared with those of an oral atypical antipsychotic. AIMS To compare long-acting risperidone and oral olanzapine in 377 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. METHOD Patients were randomised to receive long-acting risperidone (25 mg or 50 mg every 14 days) or olanzapine (5-20 mg/day). RESULTS In the 13-week phase, long-acting risperidone was at least as effective as (not inferior to) oral olanzapine. In the 12-month phase, significant improvements in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and factor scores from baseline to month 12 and end-point were seen in both groups of patients. Few patients discontinued treatment because of an adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Both treatments were efficacious and well tolerated.
Karyotype relationships among Anastrepha bistrigata, A. striata and A. serpentina (Diptera, Tephritidae)

The species of Anastrepha are arranged into 17 intrageneric groups. Recently, it was proposed that two species of the striata group, Anastrepha striata and A. bistrigata, might be realocated to serpentina group. Anastrepha bistrigata and A. serpentina have an X1X2Y/X1X1 X2X2 sex chromosome system while A. striata has a XY/XX system. It was previously proposed that the karyotype of A. bistrigata could be derived from that of A. striata by an Y:A fusion, and that the karyotype of A. serpentina would be derived from another, hypothetical karyotype. In the present report sequential staining with DAPI and chromomycin A3 (CMA3), followed by C-banding, revealed that the C-banded heterochromatic blocks of the sex chromosomes of A. bistrigata have different affinities to fluorochromes in comparison to the chromosomes of A. striata, from which they have hypothetically derived. The chromosomes of A. serpentina show substantial differences in their cytochemical properties compared to their A. bistrigata and A. striata counterparts. The FISH technique showed that the ribosomal gene sequences are located in DAPI- or DAPI/CMA3-positive heterochromatic blocks of the sex chromosomes, one site on the Y chromosome and one site on the X chromosome (X1 in A. bistrigata and A. serpentina). The data suggest that the karyotype of A. striata and A. bistrigata could be derived from a common ancestral karyotype, while the A. serpentina karyotype probably has a distinct origin.
Crystal structure of the Ca V 2 IQ domain in complex with Ca2+/ calmodulin: High-resolution mechanistic implications for channel regulation by Ca 2+

SUMMARY Calmodulin (CaM) regulation of Ca 2+ channels is central to Ca 2+ signaling. Ca V 1 versus Ca V 2 classes of these channels exhibit divergent forms of regulation, potentially relating to customized CaM/IQ interactions among different channels. Here, we report the crystal structures for the Ca 2+ /CaM—IQ domains of both Ca V 2.1 and Ca V 2.3 channels. These highly similar structures emphasize that major CaM contacts with the IQ domain extend well upstream of traditional consensus residues. Surprisingly, upstream mutations strongly diminished Ca V 2.1 regulation, whereas downstream perturbations had limited effects. Furthermore, our Ca V 2 structures closely resemble published Ca 2+ /CaM—Ca V 1.2 IQ structures, arguing against Ca V 1/2 regulatory differences based solely on contrasting CaM/IQ conformations. Instead, alanine scanning of the Ca V 2.1 IQ domain, combined with structure-based molecular simulation of corresponding CaM/IQ binding energy perturbations, suggests that the C-lobe of CaM partially dislodges from the IQ element during channel regulation, allowing exposed IQ residues to trigger regulation via isoform-specific interactions with alternative channel regions. M Ω after >70% compensation; and leaks and capacitive transients were subtracted by a P/8 protocol. Test pulse depolarizations were delivered every 30 s for local Ca 2+ regulation protocols, and 60 s for global Ca 2+ regulation protocols. Population data are presented as mean ± SEM, after analysis by custom-written software in MATLAB software (MathWorks, MA) and Microsoft Excel.
THE FOOT POSTURE INDEX

The patient should stand in their relaxed stance position with double limb support. The patient should be instructed to stand still, with their arms by the side and looking straight ahead. It may be helpful to ask the patient to take several steps, marching on the spot, prior to settling into a comfortable stance position. During the assessment, it is important to ensure that the patient does not swivel to try to see what is happening for themself, as this will significantly affect the foot posture. The patient will need to stand still for approximately two minutes in total in order for the assessment to be conducted. The assessor needs to be able to move around the patient during the assessment and to have uninterrupted access to the posterior aspect of the leg and foot.
High magnetic susceptibility produced in high‐velocity frictional tests on core samples from the Chelungpu fault in Taiwan

We carried out high‐velocity frictional tests on crushed fault gouge from core samples from Hole B of the Taiwan Chelungpu‐fault Drilling Project to investigate the cause of high magnetic susceptibilities in the fault core. Black ultracataclasite resembling that observed in Hole B formed during the experiments, even under low axial stress of 0.5 to 1.5 MPa. The bulk magnetic susceptibility of the tested samples was proportional to the frictional work applied and increased as slip increased. Thermomagnetic analysis of the samples before frictional testing revealed that magnetization increased at temperatures above 400 °C, probably because of thermal decomposition of paramagnetic minerals. Both the thermally and mechanically induced formation of ferrimagnetic minerals by high‐velocity friction might have caused a magnetic susceptibility anomaly. Our experimental results support the assumption that heat generation of short duration, even if it is below the melting point, can increase magnetic susceptibility.
Can Investors Profit from the Prophets? Consensus Analyst Recommendations and Stock Returns

We document that purchasing ~selling short! stocks with the most ~least! favorable consensus recommendations, in conjunction with daily portfolio rebalancing and a timely response to recommendation changes, yield annual abnormal gross returns greater than four percent. Less frequent portfolio rebalancing or a delay in reacting to recommendation changes diminishes these returns; however, they remain significant for the least favorably rated stocks. We also show that high trading levels are required to capture the excess returns generated by the strategies analyzed, entailing substantial transactions costs and leading to abnormal net returns for these strategies that are not reliably greater than zero. THIS STUDY EXAMINES WHETHER INVESTORS can profit from the publicly available recommendations of security analysts. Academic theory and Wall Street practice are clearly at odds regarding this issue. On the one hand, the semistrong form of market efficiency posits that investors should not be able to trade profitably on the basis of publicly available information, such as analyst recommendations. On the other hand, research departments of brokerage houses spend large sums of money on security analysis, presumably because these firms and their clients believe its use can generate superior returns.
Prediction of Stature Based on Upper Limb Measurements among Egyptian Population

Background: Identification of living individual or dead is a challenging task for forensic experts and physical anthropologists worldwide. At the same time, prediction of stature is one of the key parameters in the identity of victims of mass disasters or fatal assaults, especially in incomplete or isolated extremities, mutilated human remains, and highly decomposed bodies. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to assess the correlation between some upper limb measurements and personal stature and to set regression equations for stature estimation in an adult Egyptian population. Subjects and Methods: To construct the equations; nine anthropometric measurements were recorded for 500 healthy adult Egyptian Arab volunteers comprising 250 males and 250 females with ages ranging from 25 to 40 years, the stature, arm length, forearm length, hand length, hand breadth, and four fingers (index, middle, ring, and little fingers) lengths were measured. Results: A significant positive correlation between stature and all measurements were observed in both sexes. Regression models are constructed to estimate stature on the basis of all measurements for males and females. The accuracy of the regression equations was verified by comparing the estimated stature with the actual measured stature. Conclusion: This study provides new forensic standards for stature estimation from the upper limb measurements of the adult Egyptian population.
Caudal Eyespots as Deterrents against Fin Predation in the Neoptropical Cichlid Astronotus ocellatus

Astronotus ocellatus and several other large cichlid fishes of South America exhibit bright ocelli, or eyespots, near the base of the caudal fin. Astronotus ocellatus sympatric with fin-nipping piranhas of the genus Serrasalmus shows less extensive fin damage that sympatric cichlids of similar size that lack distinct caudal ocelli. Ecological data and observed interspecific behavioral differences support the hypothesis that eyespots reduce piranha attacks by confounding visual recognition of the prey's caudal region. Dense scalation of the unpaired medial fins, especially the caudal fin, masks visual cues for fin recognition, further enhancing head mimicry by the caudal region. The hypothesis that caudal ocelli in A. ocellatus, and perhaps other large cichlid fishes, function primarily as eye mimics for defense against fin predators is more parsimonious than Zaret's earlier "inhibition of cannibalism" hypothesis.