Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning from Open-Source Projects: An Empirical Study on Defect Prediction

The fundamental issue in cross project defect prediction is selecting the most appropriate training data for creating quality defect predictors. Another concern is whether historical data of open-source projects can be used to create quality predictors for proprietary projects from a practical point-of-view. Current studies have proposed statistical approaches to finding these training data, however, thus far no apparent effort has been made to study their success on proprietary data. Also these methods apply brute force techniques which are computationally expensive. In this work we introduce a novel data selection procedure which takes into account the similarities between the distribution of the test and potential training data. Additionally we use feature subset selection to increase the similarity between the test and training sets. Our procedure provides a comparable and scalable means of solving the cross project defect prediction problem for creating quality defect predictors. To evaluate our procedure we conducted empirical studies with comparisons to the within company defect prediction and a relevancy filtering method. We found that our proposed method performs relatively better than the filtering method in terms of both computation cost and prediction performance.
The mass of the neutron star in Vela X-1

We measured the radial-velocity curve of HD 77581, the B-supergiant companion of the X-ray pulsar Vela X-1, using 183 high-resolution optical spectra obtained in a nine-month campaign. We derive radial-velocity amplitudes for dierent lines and wavelength regions, and nd all are consistent with each other, as well as with values found in previous analyses. We show that one apparent exception, an anomalously low value derived from ultra-violet spectra obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer, was due to an error in the analysis procedures. We re-analyse all IUE spectra, and combine the resulting velocities with the ones derived from the new optical spectra presented here, as well as those derived from optical spectra published earlier. As in previous analyses, the radial velocities show strong deviations from those expected for a pure Keplerian orbit, with root- mean-square amplitudes of 7k m s 1 for strong lines of Si iv and N iii near 4100 A, and up to20 km s 1 for weaker lines of N ii and Al iii near 5700 A. The deviations likely are related to the pronounced line-prole variations seen in our spectra. Our hope was that the deviations would average out when a sucient number of spectra were added together. It turns out, however, that systematic deviations as a function of orbital phase are present as well, at the 3 km s 1 level, with the largest deviations occurring near inferior conjunction of the neutron star and near the phase of maximum approaching velocity. While the former might be due to a photo-ionisation wake, for which we observe direct evidence in the proles of H and H, the latter has no straightforward explanation. As a result, our best estimate of the radial-velocity amplitude, Kopt =2 1:7 1: 6k m s 1 , has an uncertainty not much reduced to that found in previous analyses, in which the influence of the systematic, phase-locked deviations had not been taken into account. Combining our velocity amplitude with the accurate orbital elements of the X-ray pulsar, we infer Mns sin 3 i =1 :78 0:15 M ?
Detection of allelic imbalance in ascitic supernatant by digital single nucleotide polymorphism analysis.

PURPOSE Cytological examination of ascitic fluid is critical for clinical management of patients with peritoneal or pelvic diseases. Such morphological examination can only achieve a sensitivity of <62%, and thus a molecular test that is able to distinguish benign versus malignant ascites could be clinically useful. In this study we determined the presence of allelic imbalance (AI) in tumor-released DNA in ascitic supernatant by directly counting the alleles using a newly developed technology, digital single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Allelic status was assessed using a total of seven SNP markers that commonly demonstrated AI in ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. RESULTS With digital SNP analysis, AI in at least one SNP marker was found in 19 of 20 (95%) ascitic fluid DNA samples obtained from patients with cytologically proven carcinomas in ascitic fluid. In contrast, AI was detected in only 1 of 20 patients with negative cytology. This latter patient with AI in her ascites had known stage III ovarian carcinoma at the time of cytology sampling. The ascitic specimen of this patient demonstrated the presence of carcinoma cells in culture with an identical AI pattern found in the ascitic supernatant and surgical specimen. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that detection of AI using digital SNP analysis can be a useful adjunct for the detection of ovarian and other types of cancer in ascitic fluid.
Workplace flourishing: Measurement, antecedents and outcomes

Orientation: The continuous growth of employee attrition, especially within the highly skilled talent pool, is becoming increasingly problematic. Therefore, one should continually explore the different factors that impact employee retention and performance. This casts the attention to the person–environment fit and workplace flourishing (WF). Research purpose: This study explored relationships among person–environment fit, WF, intention to leave (ITL), in-role performance and organisational citizenship behaviour.Motivation for the study: Disease-driven research heavily outweighs health promotion research. Therefore, more research is needed regarding positive employee behaviours such as strengths, optimal functioning and flourishing.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used with 258 secondary school teachers from two Gauteng districts. The Perceived Fit, Flourishing-at-Work, Turnover Intention, In-Role Behaviour and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour scales were administered. Structural equation modelling and mediational analyses were performed.Main findings: Results confirmed WF’s three-factor structure. Person–environment fit positively associated with WF. Workplace flourishing negatively related to ITL, while positively relating to in-role performance and organisational citizenship behaviour. Person–environment fit indirectly affected in-role performance and organisational citizenship behaviour via WF.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations should continually modify their strategic frameworks to maintain a healthy balance between individual and environmental characteristics. This will lay the foundation for a favourable work environment. When such an environment is institutionalised, talent retention and performance should follow.Contribution/value-add: The study results should provide new insight into the relationship between the person–environment fit and WF, as well as the effect it may have on ITL and performance.
Does repeated hydrodistension with transurethral fulguration for interstitial cystitis with Hunner’s lesion cause bladder contraction?

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of repeated bladder hydrodistension with transurethral resection or fulguration (TUF) of Hunner’s lesions on bladder capacity and interstitial cystitis (IC) symptoms. TUF for Hunner’s lesion is recommended in several IC/BPS guidelines, although recurrence is highly probable. Patients and methods: The study cohort comprised 44 IC patients with Hunner’s lesions who underwent multiple bladder hydrodistensions with TUF and electrocautery (EC) at our institution between July 2005 and June 2018. We analysed their frequency–volume chart, O’Leary Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI), Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index (ICPI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, before and at 2, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results: The 44 Hunner-type IC patients underwent a total of 117 surgeries. Patients were divided into three groups based upon the number of hydrodistensions with TUF they underwent. Group 1 (n = 44), Group 2 (n = 44) and Group 3 (n = 21) underwent one, two, and three surgeries, respectively. At 6 months after surgery, the mean average voided volume (AVV) and maximum voided volume (MVV) were 157 mL and 228 mL in Group 1; 203 mL, 283 mL in Group 2; and 193 mL, 264 mL in Group 3. The AVV in Group 2 (P < 0.01) and Group 3 (P < 0.03), and the MVV in Group 2 (P < 0.02) increased significantly compared to Group 1. ICSI, ICPI and VAS pain score in groups 2 (P < 0.003, P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and 3 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001) decreased significantly compared to Group 1. Conclusion: Repeated hydrodistension and TUF with EC of Hunner’s lesions for recurrent Hunner-type IC patients improved their symptoms. There was a tendency toward an increase in bladder capacity and repeated hydrodistension with TUF did not appear to be a direct cause of bladder contraction. Abbreviations: AVV: average voided volume; BPS: bladder pain syndrome; EC: electrical cautery; IC: interstitial cystitis; ICPI: Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index; ICSI: Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index; MVV: maximum voided volume; TUF: transurethral fulguration; TUR: transurethral resection; VAS: visual analogue scale
Cathelicidin Insufficiency in Patients with Fatal Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, the role of the host immune response in disease progression and high case fatality (>10–50%) is poorly understood. We conducted a multi-parameter investigation of patients with acute leptospirosis to identify mechanisms associated with case fatality. Whole blood transcriptional profiling of 16 hospitalized Brazilian patients with acute leptospirosis (13 survivors, 3 deceased) revealed fatal cases had lower expression of the antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin, and chemokines, but more abundant pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors. In contrast, survivors generated strong adaptive immune signatures, including transcripts relevant to antigen presentation and immunoglobulin production. In an independent cohort (23 survivors, 22 deceased), fatal cases had higher bacterial loads (P = 0.0004) and lower anti-Leptospira antibody titers (P = 0.02) at the time of hospitalization, independent of the duration of illness. Low serum cathelicidin and RANTES levels during acute illness were independent risk factors for higher bacterial loads (P = 0.005) and death (P = 0.04), respectively. To investigate the mechanism of cathelicidin in patients surviving acute disease, we administered LL-37, the active peptide of cathelicidin, in a hamster model of lethal leptospirosis and found it significantly decreased bacterial loads and increased survival. Our findings indicate that the host immune response plays a central role in severe leptospirosis disease progression. While drawn from a limited study size, significant conclusions include that poor clinical outcomes are associated with high systemic bacterial loads, and a decreased antibody response. Furthermore, our data identified a key role for the antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin, in mounting an effective bactericidal response against the pathogen, which represents a valuable new therapeutic approach for leptospirosis.
Fast Algorithms for Robust PCA via Gradient Descent

We consider the problem of Robust PCA in the fully and partially observed settings. Without corruptions, this is the well-known matrix completion problem. From a statistical standpoint this problem has been recently well-studied, and conditions on when recovery is possible (how many observations do we need, how many corruptions can we tolerate) via polynomial-time algorithms is by now understood. This paper presents and analyzes a non-convex optimization approach that greatly reduces the computational complexity of the above problems, compared to the best available algorithms. In particular, in the fully observed case, with $r$ denoting rank and $d$ dimension, we reduce the complexity from $\mathcal{O}(r^2d^2\log(1/\varepsilon))$ to $\mathcal{O}(rd^2\log(1/\varepsilon))$ -- a big savings when the rank is big. For the partially observed case, we show the complexity of our algorithm is no more than $\mathcal{O}(r^4d \log d \log(1/\varepsilon))$. Not only is this the best-known run-time for a provable algorithm under partial observation, but in the setting where $r$ is small compared to $d$, it also allows for near-linear-in-$d$ run-time that can be exploited in the fully-observed case as well, by simply running our algorithm on a subset of the observations.
A Low-Frequency Survey of the Galactic Plane near l = 11°: Discovery of Three New Supernova Remnants

We have imaged a ∼1 deg2 field centered on the known Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G11.2-0.3 at 74, 330, and 1465 MHz with the Very Large Array radio telescope and 235 MHz with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. The 235, 330, and 1465 MHz data have a resolution of 25″, while the 74 MHz data have a resolution of ∼100″. The addition of this low-frequency data has allowed us to confirm the previously reported low-frequency turnover in the radio continuum spectra of the two known SNRs in the field, G11.2-0.3 and G11.4-0.1, with unprecedented precision. Such low-frequency turnovers are believed to arise from free-free absorption in ionized thermal gas along the lines of sight to the SNRs. Our data suggest that the 74 MHz optical depths of the absorbing gas is 0.56 and 1.1 for G11.2-0.3 and G11.4-0.1, respectively. In addition to adding much needed low-frequency integrated flux measurements for two known SNRs, we have also detected three new SNRs: G11.15-0.71, G11.03-0.05, and G11.18+0.11. These new SNRs have integrated spectral indices between -0.44 and -0.80. Because of confusion with thermal sources, the high resolution (compared with previous Galactic radio frequency surveys) and surface brightness sensitivity of our observations have been essential to the identification of these new SNRs. With this study we have more than doubled the number of SNRs within just a ∼1 deg2 field of view in the inner Galactic plane. This result suggests that future low-frequency observations of the Galactic plane of similar quality may go a long way toward alleviating the long-recognized incompleteness of Galactic SNR catalogs.
Smaller, faster stomata: scaling of stomatal size, rate of response, and stomatal conductance

Maximum and minimum stomatal conductance, as well as stomatal size and rate of response, are known to vary widely across plant species, but the functional relationship between these static and dynamic stomatal properties is unknown. The objective of this study was to test three hypotheses: (i) operating stomatal conductance under standard conditions (g op) correlates with minimum stomatal conductance prior to morning light [g min(dawn)]; (ii) stomatal size (S) is negatively correlated with g op and the maximum rate of stomatal opening in response to light, (dg/dt)max; and (iii) g op correlates negatively with instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) despite positive correlations with maximum rate of carboxylation (Vc max) and light-saturated rate of electron transport (J max). Using five closely related species of the genus Banksia, the above variables were measured, and it was found that all three hypotheses were supported by the results. Overall, this indicates that leaves built for higher rates of gas exchange have smaller stomata and faster dynamic characteristics. With the aid of a stomatal control model, it is demonstrated that higher g op can potentially expose plants to larger tissue water potential gradients, and that faster stomatal response times can help offset this risk.
A comparative study of the physiological condition of native and invasive crayfish in Croatian rivers

The physiological condition of two invasive crayfish species identified in Croatian rivers (Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus) was compared with that of native crayfish populations (Astacus astacus and A. leptodactylus). Hepatosomatic, gonadosomatic and abdominal muscle indices were examined for all four species and within a specific invadernative pair. The results demonstrate that invasive crayfish had better overall physiological condition when compared to native species, with a higher energy content of the hepatopancreas, abdominal muscle and gonads in invasive than in native species, with the exception of A. leptodactylus females which demonstrated an increased ability to allocate energy to reproduction in comparison with other species. These results also indicate that A. astacus is physiologically more unstable than A. leptodactylus and thus more likely to be outcompeted and replaced by non-indigenous crayfish species.
Structural Polymorphism

This paper describes structural polymorphism, a new form of type polymorphism appropriate to functional languages featuring user-defined algebraic data types (e.g., Standard ML, Haskell and Miranda 1). The approach extends the familiar notion of parametric polymorphism by allowing the definition of functions which are generic with respect to data structures as well as to individual types. For example, structural polymorphism accommodates generalizations of the usual length and map functions which may be applied not only to lists, but also to trees, binary trees or similar algebraic structures. Under traditional polymorphic type systems, these functions may be defined for arbitrary component types , but must be (laboriously) re-defined for every distinct data structure. In this sense, our approach also extends the spirit of parametric polymorphism, in that it provides the programmer relief from the burden of unnecessary repetitive effort. The mechanism we will use to realize this form of polymorphism is inspired by a feature familiar to functional programmers, namely the pattern abstraction . Pattern abstractions generalize the usual lambda abstraction ( ¬x.e) in that they are comprised of multiple pattern/expression clauses, rather than just a single bound-variable/expression pair. By analogy with pattern abstractions, we generalize polymorphic type abstractions ( Òå.e) to type-pattern abstractions, which are comprised of multiple type-pattern/expression pairs. The types given to type-pattern abstractions are universally quantified, just as for traditional type abstractions, but the universal quantifiers are now justified by a recursive analysis of the forms of all possible type instantiations, rather than by parametric independence with respect to a type variable.
Malignant counterpart of myeloid dendritic cell (DC) belonging to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) exhibits a dichotomous immunoregulatory potential

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in immune regulation. Some leukemic cells are argued to be malignant counterparts of DC because of their ability to differentiate into leukemic DC. We characterize DC‐like leukemia homogenously expressing CD11c+CD86+ in acute myelogenous leukemia patients. They express the Wilms’ tumor‐1 antigen and common DC phenotypes (i.e., fascin+, CD83+, and DR+) directly. Purified leukemic cells produce interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) simultaneously with Fas ligand (FasL) and IL‐6, which may suppress T cell‐mediated immunity. These cells can elicit strong allogeneic T cell responses as well as induce tumor‐specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, suggesting that they effectively present tumor‐associated antigens. In contrast, they drive primary T cells toward apoptosis mediated in a tumor‐specific way by a Fas‐FasL interaction. Taken together, DC‐like leukemia uniquely influences immune surveillance in contadictory ways, some of which may be involved in the mechanism of immune escape.
Testing a Life-Cycle Theory of Cooperative Interorganizational Relationships: Movement Across Stages and Performance

This research examines the evolution of cooperative interorganizational relationships and provides an empirical test of four propositions from the DSO (Dwyer et al. 1987) life-cycle theory, and one proposition from the RV (Ring and Van de Ven 1994) theory of relationship development. Using primary data from over 1,500 resellers in a channel of distribution, we find that the mature phase is not the pinnacle of the relationship lifecycle; relationship properties (e.g., relationship harmony, overall dependence, and the reseller's trust in the manufacturer) in this stage are no different than in the build-up phase. However, relationship properties that support relationship expansion (e.g., goal congruence and information exchange norms) reach their zenith in the build-up phase and afterwards fade into the background. All of the various relationship properties hit their nadir in the decline phase. We also examine the development of relationships over a five-year period and consider whether movement across the stages in accordance with DSO's theory has the same association to overall performance evaluations as movement through regressive patterns. We find that a negative history extracts a price: Movement through regressive patterns is negatively related to performance, and these relationships do not enjoy a fresh start. Instead, these movements can last for an extended period of time and are negatively related to performance outcomes during the decline phase. Thus, the development path taken appears to be related to the results achieved. Finally, we also find evidence of the critical role that individual sales representatives play in creating successful interorganizational relationships.
Discovery of subjective evaluations of product features in hotel reviews

Automated discovery and analysis of customer opinions on the web holds a lot of promise for present-day practices of market research and customer relationship management. Opinion mining attempts to come up with ways to automatically analyse subjectivity expressed in natural language text. Previous research on the topic has shown that the overall subjectivity expressed in a document, such as a customer review, can be assessed with accuracy that is feasible in real-world applications. In this paper, we address the challenge of identification of customer opinions expressed towards specific features of a product, such as service quality and location of a hotel. The paper proposes and investigates a method to recognize the relationships between subjective expressions and references to features of a product. While the method has been evaluated on customer hotel reviews, it can potentially find application also in many tasks where concrete statements need to be extracted from documents on heterogeneous topics such as posts in forums, comments on blogs, or utterances in a chat room.
Exploring the Relationship Between Ethnic Identity and Substance Abuse/Dependence Among Latino Youth

Extant research on protective factors regarding substance use is limited, and this is especially true for research with minority populations. The authors focused on the role of ethnic identity and the relationship to problematic substance use with adolescent, Latino/a participants. We found no statistically significant effect between ethnic identity of adolescents who identify as Latino/a and their likelihood for self-reported substance/substance dependency behaviors. Hence, when addressing substance use among adolescents, identification with Latino cultural values may not be relevant in terms of addressing protective factors.