Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explaining Compliance: Business Responses to Regulation

Contents: 1. Introduction Christine Parker and Vibeke Nielsen PART I: MOTIVES 2. Fear, Duty and Regulatory Compliance: Lessons from Three Research Projects Robert A. Kagan, Neil Gunningham and Dorothy Thornton 3. Motivating Compliance: Economic and Material Motives for Compliance Sally S. Simpson and Melissa Rorie 4. The Psychology of Self-Regulation: Normative Motivations for Compliance Tom Tyler PART II: ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS 5. To Comply or Not to Comply - That Isn't the Question: How Organizations Construct the Meaning of Compliance Lauren B. Edelman and Shauhin A. Talesh 6. The Other Side of the Compliance Relationship Garry C Gray and Susan S Silbey 7. Beyond Compliance: Explaining Business Participation in Voluntary Environmental Programs Jonathon Borck and Cary Coglianese 8. Internal Corporate Compliance Management Systems Christine Parker and Sharon Gilad PART III: REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF COMPLIANCE 9. Strategizing Compliance and Enforcement: Responsive Regulation and Beyond Neil Gunningham 10. Regulatory Enforcement Styles and Compliance Peter May and Soren Winter 11. Voluntary Programs, Regulatory Compliance and the Regulation Dilemma Matthew Potoski and Aseem Prakash 12. Individuals as Enforcers: The Design of Employee Reporting Systems Yuval Feldman and Orly Lobel PART IV: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTS FOR REGULATION AND COMPLIANCE 13. Facing the Compliance Challenge: Hercules, Houdini or the Charge of the Light Brigade? Fiona Haines 14. Negotiating Social, Economic and Political Environments: Compliance with Regulation Within and Beyond the State Bridget Hutter 15. Naming and Shaming in Regulatory Enforcement Judith van Erp 16. The Impact of Private, Industry and Transnational Civil Society Regulation and their Interaction with Official Regulation Benjamin Cashore, Graeme Auld and Stefan Renckens Index
The abelianization of the level d mapping class group

In this paper, we determine the abelianization of the level d mapping class group for d=2 and odd d when g⩾3 . For an even d greater than 2, we determine the abelianization of the group up to a cyclic group of order 2. To compute them, we extend a homomorphism of the Torelli group defined by Heap to a homomorphism of the level 2 mapping class group.
"You've Got E-Mail!" ... Shall I Deal With It Now? Electronic Mail From the Recipient's Perspective

This article considers the nature of e-mail from the recipient's perspective-what the seemingly free and easy communication really costs the recipient. Information gathered by electronic monitoring software is shown to be at odds with the results of an online survey of e-mail users' perceptions of their e-mail experience-users drastically underestimate the disruptive effects of e-mail. The conclusion is that the constant monitoring of e-mail actually reduces productivity and that there is a need for increased power, control, and awareness on the part of the e-mail recipient to ensure that e-mail remains a tool rather than a tyrant. It is necesssary to alert the user of the true cost of e-mail alerts.
“If You Can’t Win, Why Should I Buy a Ticket?”: Hope, Fan Welfare, and Competitive Balance

Competitive balance is highly desired in professional sports leagues, yet measurement of the concept is not well established. The definition of firm/team goals in a professional sports league and its connection with competitive balance has typically been assumed rather than studied. Using fan welfare as the goal of the firm, the current research attempts to link competitive balance with fan welfare through the use of what is termed the “hope” construct. A market survey of 367 individuals in a Major League Baseball market empirically supports the use of the hope construct in competitive balance. Suggestions for future research are presented.
Genetic diversity and distribution of Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae) in the western Lake Superior basin

Restoring plant populations requires an understanding of plant morphological adaptation to site locations and population genetic diversity and relatedness. This study examined the genetic and morphological diversity of Sarracenia purpurea L. within the natural fragmentation of western Lake Superior. Populations of S. purpurea were compared among three locations: Isle Royale National Park, the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA, and Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Analysis of genetic and demographic data showed Canadian populations to be less robust with smaller plant sizes. Canadian populations were also slightly distinct genetically. Overall genetic diversity appears moderate (H = 0.30–0.36) and populations genetically similar. Analysis of molecular variance showed only 3.83% of variation among the three locations (p = 0.0049). Fragmentation did not have a distinguishable effect on genetic diversity and morphological characters but the limestone bedrock geology of the Canadian region may .
Indian Venture Capitalists (Vcs): Investment Evaluation Criteria

The Venture capital (VC) industry in India is of recent origin. However, the average investment value of each deal in India have grown from $3.85 million in 2000 to $7.89 million in 2001.These developments together with the recent steps taken by government to promote venture capitalism in India provide an opportunity for an examination of venture capital industry in India. This paper analyses the validity of venture evaluation model in India by directly comparing the relative importance of evaluation criteria on the funding decision with the relative importance to factors influencing venture's empirical performance. In the light of the differences in investment opportunities around India, and the nature of industrial development in South East Asia in general, the author anticipated that the investment criteria employed by Venture Capital Firms (VCs) in India would differ. A questionnaire was administered to venture capitalists (regular members of Indian Venture Capital Association) to determine the criteria they use to decide on funding new ventures. The response rate was 100%. A list of forty two criteria was developed on previously developed lists. The criteria fell into six groups: the entrepreneur’s personality, the entrepreneur’s experience, characteristics of the product or service, characteristics of the market, financial consideration and characteristics of venture management team. Answers were given on a four point rating scales. The results reveal that criteria adopted by Indian VCs are different from those adopted by VCs in other countries including US. The results also confirm that the entrepreneur’s personality and experience are seen as being primary indicators of the venture’s potential.
Effects of Storage Temperature and Semen Extender on Stored Canine Semen

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine an optimum temperature and extender for short-term transport of canine ejaculated semen. There was no significant difference in the qualities of semen diluted with two kinds of extender, egg yolk Tris-citrate fructose (EYT-FC) or glucose (EYT-GC) extender, between the 2, 8 or 12 and the 4°C control groups during storage for up to 48 hr, while the 16–24°C groups showed decreased sperm motility during storage for 48 hr. However, the 2°C group showed slightly lower sperm motility and slightly higher sperm abnormality than the 4°C group. Therefore, we concluded that semen qualities can be maintained for up to 48 hr when canine semen samples are extended with EYT-FC or EYT-GC and stored at a temperature in the range of 4–12°C.
Reliable detection of induction motor rotor faults under the rotor axial air duct influence

Axial cooling air ducts in the rotor of large induction motors are known to produce magnetic asymmetry, and can cause steady state current or vibration spectrum analysis based fault detection techniques to fail. If the number of axial air ducts and poles are identical, frequency components that overlap with that of rotor faults can be produced for healthy motors. False positive rotor fault indication due to axial ducts is a common problem in the field that results in unnecessary maintenance cost. However, there is currently no known test method available for distinguishing rotor faults and false indications due to axial ducts other than off-line rotor inspection or testing. Considering that there is no magnetic asymmetry under high slip conditions due to limited flux penetration into the rotor yoke, detection of broken bars under the startup transient is investigated in this paper. A wavelet-based detection method is proposed and verified on custom-built lab motors and 6.6 kV motors misdiagnosed with broken bars via steady state spectrum analysis. It is shown that the proposed method provides reliable detection of broken bars under the startup transient independent of axial duct influence.
A Fast HOG Descriptor Using Lookup Table and Integral Image

The histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) is a widely used feature descriptor in computer vision for the purpose of object detection. In the paper, a modified HOG descriptor is described, it uses a lookup table and the method of integral image to speed up the detection performance by a factor of 5~10. By exploiting the special hardware features of a given platform(e.g. a digital signal processor), further improvement can be made to the HOG descriptor in order to have real-time object detection and tracking.
A highly reliable flip chip solution based on electroplated AuSn bumps in a leadless package

We introduce an innovative flip chip in package concept based on small electroplated AuSn bumps as first level interconnect. Reliability studies prove the compliance of the leadless package concept to high quality standards, which include moisture sensitivity level 1 (MSL1), temperature cycling on board, shock tests as well as autoclave tests. Detailed SEM and TEM investigations demonstrate an excellent quality of the different interfaces. The package concept meets current packaging requirements, such as small form factor, environmental friendliness (green package), RF capability and low cost production. The flip chip in package concept, demonstrated here for small pin counts, has further potential to be extended to a medium pin count range.
Bequests and the Intergenerational Degree of Altruism

We consider an OLG model with production and altruistic agents initially developed by Barro (1974). Through a simple example, we show that, contrary to the intuition of Abel (1987) and Weil (1987), an increase in the degree of altruism can result in a decrease in the stationary level of bequests even if the Diamond model has a unique and stable steady state. To rule out this counterintuitive case, an assumption on the curvature of the production function is necessary.
Monetary Policy and Sectoral Shocks: Did the Fed React Properly to the High-Tech Crisis?

This paper presents an identification strategy that allows us to study both the sectoral effects of monetary policy and the role that monetary policy plays in the transmission of sectoral shocks. We apply our methodology to the case of the U.S. and find some significant differences in the sectorial responses to monetary policy. We also find that monetary policy is a significant source of sectoral transfers. In particular, a shock to Equipment and Software investment, which we naturally identify with the High-tech crises, induces a response by the monetary authority that generates a temporary boom in Residential Investment and Durable Consumption but has almost no effect on the high-tech sector. Finally, we perform an exercise evaluating what the model predicts regarding the automatic and a more aggressive monetary policy response to a shock similar to the one that hit the U.S. in early 2001. We find that the actual drop in interest rates we have observed is in line with the predictions of the model.
Shift-Invariant Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis

In this paper we present a model which can decompose a probability densities or count data into a set of shift invariant components. We begin by introducing a regular latent variable model and subsequently extend it to deal with shift invariance in order to model more complex inputs. We develop an expectation maximization algorithm for estimating components and present various results on challenging real-world data. We show that this approach is a probabilistic generalization of well known algorithms such as Non-Negative Matrix Factorization and multi-way decompositions, and discuss its advantages over such approaches.
Algebraic construction of contragradient quasi-Verma modules in positive characteristic

In the present paper we investigate a new class of infinite-dimensional modules over the hyperalgebra of a semi-simple algebraic group in positive chararacteristic called quasi-Verma modules. We provide a purely algebraic construction of the global Grothendieck-Cousin complex corresponding to the standard line bumdle ${\mathcal L}(\lambda)$ on the Flag variety of the algebraic group stratified by Schubert cells. We prove that the complex consists of direct sums of quasi-Verma modules for the highest weights of the form $w\cdot\lambda$ for various elements $w$ of the Weyl group.
Predictors of clinical virulence in community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: the importance of USA300 and pneumonia.

BACKGROUND Though USA300 community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CO-MRSA) has emerged as a major public health concern in the United States, its relative virulence is unknown. We sought to evaluate if the USA300 strain of CO-MRSA causes more severe infections than other MRSA (ie, USA100, -500, -800, and others) strains. METHODS An epidemiologic study was conducted from 2000 to 2007 to measure rates of severe infection. A matched case-control study was conducted from 2004 to 2006 to assess the relationship of strain type, syndrome, and severity of infection. Severe illness was defined as CO-MRSA infections with medical intensive care unit (MICU) admission or death within 1 week of admission. Controls were those with CO-MRSA infection without MICU admission. RESULTS We found an incidence of 75 cases per 100000 people of CO-MRSA infection in 2000, which increased to a rate of 396 per 100000 in 2007 (relative risk [RR], 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.47-6.27). The incidence of severe infections increased from 5 cases per 100000 in 2000 to 17 per 100000 in 2007 (RR, 3.4; 95% CI; 1.67-6.43). USA300 strains were negatively associated with severe clinical courses or death as compared with other MRSA strain types. The highest risk of severe infection was found in those with pulmonary embolic infiltrates and bacteremia in the setting of USA300 infection (odds ratio, 31.41; 95% CI, 6.40-154.23). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that USA300 infections are negatively associated with severe clinical courses, suggesting less virulence than other MRSA strains, except in the setting of pneumonia with septic pulmonary emboli.
Oxygen and Ventilatory Output during Several Activities of Daily Living Performed by COPD Patients Stratified According to Disease Severity

Objectives To measure the oxygen and ventilatory output across all COPD stages performing 18 common ADL and identify the activities that present the highest metabolic and ventilatory output as well as to compare the energy expenditure within each disease severity. Materials and Methods Metabolic (VO2 and VCO2), ventilatory (f and VE), cardiovascular (HR) and dyspnea (Borg score) variables were assessed in one hundred COPD patients during the completion of eighteen ADL grouped into four activities domains: rest, personal care, labor activities and efforts. Results The activities with the highest proportional metabolic and ventilatory output (VO2/VO2max and VE/MVV) were walking with 2.5 Kg in each hand and walking with 5.0 Kg in one hand. Very severe patients presented the highest metabolic, ventilatory output and dyspnea than mild patients (p<0.05). Conclusions COPD patients present an increased proportion of energy expenditure while performing activities of daily living. The activities that developed the highest metabolic and ventilatory output are the ones associated to upper and lower limbs movements combined. Very severe patients present the highest proportional estimated metabolic and ventilatory output and dyspnea. Activities of daily living are mainly limited by COPD’s reduced ventilatory reserve.
Bubbles and Crashes

We present a model in which an asset bubble can persist despite the presence of rational arbitrageurs. The resilience of the bubble stems from the inability of arbitrageurs to temporarily coordinate their selling strategies. This synchronization problem together with the individual incentive to time the market results in the persistence of bubbles over a substantial period of time. Since the derived trading equilibrium is unique, our model rationalizes the existence of bubbles in a strong sense. The model also provides a natural setting in which public events, by enabling synchronization, can have a disproportionate impact relative to their intrinsic informational content.
Application of system models in regression test suite prioritization

During regression testing, a modified system needs to be retested using the existing test suite. Since test suites may be very large, developers are interested in detecting faults in the system as early as possible. Test prioritization orders test cases for execution to increase potentially the chances of early fault detection during retesting. Most of the existing test prioritization methods are based on the code of the system, but model-based test prioritization has been recently proposed. System modeling is a widely used technique to model state-based systems. The existing model based test prioritization methods can only be used when models are modified during system maintenance. In this paper, we present model-based prioritization for a class of modifications for which models are not modified (only the source code is modified). After identification of elements of the model related to source-code modifications, information collected during execution of a model is used to prioritize tests for execution. In this paper, we discuss several model-based test prioritization heuristics. The major motivation to develop these heuristics was simplicity and effectiveness in early fault detection. We have conducted an experimental study in which we compared model-based test prioritization heuristics. The results of the study suggest that system models may improve the effectiveness of test prioritization with respect to early fault detection.
Reconstruction, development and people

An innovative attempt by a formidable team of sociologists, economists, and political scientists to update and extend the debates around the issues of development, democracy, and their interaction. The first part of the book provides a comprehensive overview of theoretical approaches to development. The second part investigates how, in contempory South Africa, the institutions of civil society, like civics, NGOs, and trade unions, relate to the central state and to the massive task of upliftment.
Synergy between Vancomycin and Nafcillin against Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model

Introduction Continued pressure from glycopeptide use has led to non-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus including heterogeneously vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA). Infections with hVISA are associated with poor patient outcomes, thus incentivizing novel treatments. Evidence suggests that vancomycin and anti-staphylococcal penicillin susceptibility are inversely related which indicates that the use of this combination may be particularly useful against methicillin-resistant S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, such as hVISA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for synergy between vancomycin and nafcillin against hVISA. Methods Twenty-five hVISA strains were evaluated for vancomycin and nafcillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth microdilution in duplicate. Potential for synergy was assessed by time-kill at 1/2x MIC in triplicate. Five strains were chosen, representing the range nafcillin MIC’s available in the cohort –4, 16, 64, 128, and 256 µg/mL, and were run in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model in duplicate over 72 hours to evaluate the potential of the combination with simulated human pharmacokinetics. In addition, 4 fully glycopeptide susceptible strains of S. aureus including 2 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and 2 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) were run in the PK/PD model for comparison. Results In the time-kill, 92% of strains (23 of 25) displayed synergy with the combination of vancomycin and nafcillin. In the PK/PD model, all five strains of hVISA showed an improvement in overall activity (P≤0.004) and organism burden at 72 hours (P≤0.001) with the combination compared to either drug alone. The combination was also successful against both MRSA and MSSA in overall activity (P≤0.009) and organism burden at 72 hours (P≤0.016), though the magnitude of the effect was diminished against MSSA. Conclusions The combination of vancomycin and nafcillin significantly improved antibacterial activity against hVISA, MRSA, and MSSA compared to either drug alone.
FACTORS PREDICTING PRESERVICE TEACHER TECHNOLOGY COMPETENCY

Rachel Vannatta, Advisor The primary purpose of this quantitative study was to predict incoming teacher education students’ technology competency by examining factors that contribute to their background technology experience. Factors included socioeconomic status of the school district from where they graduated, district demographics related to teachers’ average number of years teaching, teachers’ average number of hours of professional development with technology, and student background experiences with technology based on uses at school and home. Preservice teachers enter colleges of education from various educational background experiences and possess broad levels of technology competency. Research findings indicate there is a positive relationship between district affluence and technology integration (Riel & Schwarz, 2002). In addition, there is evidence that suggests socioeconomic background contributes to students’ ability to use technology (Riel & Schwarz). As colleges of education move forward with integrating technology into teacher preparation programs, a need exists to recognize the characteristics of the students’ backgrounds that contribute to their ability to perform basic technology competencies. Identifying characteristics of student experience with technology that predict technology competency will assist colleges of education with further understanding the level of technology integration and K12 district status of implementing data-management systems for instructional decision-making. Pearson correlation and an exploratory multiple regression were used to examine preservice teachers’ profiles based on information obtained from multiple secondary data sources. The secondary sources utilized were the Bowling Green State University (BGSU) Assessment of Technology Competency (ATC), the ATC Retake Survey instrument that was
Price Rigidities, Asymmetries, and Output Fluctuations

In this paper we characterize the average response of output to aggregate demand shocks in an economy where individual firms follow state-dependent pricing rules. We find that: (i) the average response of output to aggregate demand shocks decreases with core inflation and varies non-monotonically with aggregate uncertainty, (ii) there is an asymmetry in the response of output to aggregate demand expansions and contractions, which increases with core inflation and decreases with aggregate uncertainty, and (iii) this asymmetry also rises with the degree of asymmetry of aggregate demand shocks. Using annual data from 37 moderate-low inflation countries for the period 1960-1982, we find support for the basic implications of the model.