Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective Assessment of Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Erlotinib or Gefitinib in Patients with Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib or Gefitinib Followed by the Addition of Everolimus

Purpose: Ten percent of U.S. patients with non–small cell lung cancer experience partial radiographic responses to erlotinib or gefitinib. Despite initial regressions, these patients develop acquired resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib. In these patients, we sought to assess changes in tumor metabolism and size after stopping and restarting erlotinib or gefitinib and to determine the effect of adding everolimus. Experimental Design: Patients with non–small cell lung cancer and acquired resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib were eligible. Patients had 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography and computed tomography scans at baseline, 3 weeks after stopping erlotinib or gefitinib, and 3 weeks after restarting erlotinib or gefitinib. Three weeks after restarting erlotinib or gefitinib, everolimus was added to treatment. Results: Ten patients completed all four planned studies. Three weeks after stopping erlotinib or gefitinib, there was a median 18% increase in SUVmax and 9% increase in tumor diameter. Three weeks after restarting erlotinib or gefitinib, there was a median 4% decrease in SUVmax and 1% decrease in tumor diameter. No partial responses (0 of 10; 95% confidence interval, 0-31%) were seen with the addition of everolimus to erlotinib or gefitinib. Conclusions: In patients who develop acquired resistance, stopping erlotinib or gefitinib results in symptomatic progression, increase in SUVmax, and increase in tumor size. Symptoms improve and SUVmax decreases after restarting erlotinib or gefitinib, suggesting that some tumor cells remain sensitive to epidermal growth factor receptor blockade. No responses were observed with combined everolimus and erlotinib or gefitinib. We recommend a randomized trial to assess the value of continuing erlotinib or gefitinib after development of acquired resistance.
Environment-Induced Sudden Death of Entanglement

We demonstrate the difference between local, single-particle dynamics and global dynamics of entangled quantum systems coupled to independent environments. Using an all-optical experimental setup, we showed that, even when the environment-induced decay of each system is asymptotic, quantum entanglement may suddenly disappear. This “sudden death” constitutes yet another distinct and counterintuitive trait of entanglement.
Spillover Effect on Families Derived from Environmental Education for Children

Facing the challenge of global warming, greater importance has been placed on learning energy and environment in schools and the energy-saving behaviors of children and their families are encouraged. The authors implemented energy environmental education programs with visualization in elementary and junior high schools, and surveyed changes in the awareness and behavior of children and their families. As for children, the results showed that the programs increased the awareness of effectiveness, while almost no change was observed in other factors. The psychological factors impacting intention and behavior in children were attitude, expectations from parents and expansion of interest. Indicating spillover effect on families derived from education of children, psychological factors and behavior of parents were improved. Awareness of effectiveness and behavior of children had significant effects to the most psychological factors of parents, leading to intentional and behavioral change. Furthermore, behavior of parents got influenced by expectations from children. It was also indicated that the higher the awareness of the child is, the greater the spillover effect on the family as a result of education is.
Disrupted Brain Connectivity Patterns in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of dementia. This study investigated the global connectivity patterns in the brains of patients with type 2 diabetes by using a functional MR imaging technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients and 43 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional imaging in a 3T MR imaging unit. Degree centrality, a commonly used measurement of global connectivity, was computed for a full-brain exploration of the regions influenced by type 2 diabetes. We then examined the functional connectivity of each region by using the seed-based approach. Finally, voxelwise correlation analyses were performed to explore the relationship among the connectivity changes, cognitive performance, and diabetes-related variables. RESULTS: Patients exhibited decreased degree centrality in the left lingual gyrus and increased centrality in the right insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (corrected P < .05). The occipital network anchored in the lingual gyrus showed extensively reduced connectivity, while the network connectivity of the insula and cingulate cortex (mostly included in the salience network) was significantly elevated (corrected P < .05). Correlational analyses revealed that in the diabetic group, impaired visual memory and executive function performance were correlated with occipital hypoconnectivity, while higher fasting plasma glucose levels and better executive functioning were related to anterior cingulate cortex hyperconnectivity (all corrected P values < .05). Similar effects were not detected in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study shows that network connectivity is altered in patients with type 2 diabetes, which may provide critical insight into the neural substrate of diabetes-related cognitive decline.
Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: a randomized pilot study.

OBJECTIVE This pilot study tested the effectiveness of culturally tailored, telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for improving depression outcomes among Latino primary care patients living in rural settings. METHODS A total of 101 Latino patients at a rural family medical center who met criteria for probable major depression were randomly assigned to enhanced usual care or eight sessions of CBT delivered by phone by trained bilingual therapists from the community. Blinded study assistants assessed depression symptom severity, using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL) depression items and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and patient satisfaction after six weeks, three months, and six months. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate intervention effects over time. For cross-sectional analyses, attrition weights were used to account for missing data. RESULTS In intent-to-treat analyses, patients who received CBT by phone were more likely to experience improvement in depression scores over the six-month follow-up period compared with patients who received enhanced usual care (β=-.41, t=-2.36, df=219, p=.018, for the SCL; and β=-3.51, t=-2.49, df=221, p=.013, for the PHQ-9). A greater proportion of patients in the CBT group than in the group that received enhanced usual care achieved treatment response at three months (p=.017), as indicated by a 50% improvement in SCL depression score or a score <. 75, and reported high satisfaction with treatment (p=.013). CONCLUSIONS Although limited by small sample size, pilot results suggest culturally tailored, telephone-based CBT has the potential to enhance access to psychotherapy in an underserved Latino population with little access to mental health services.
Much more than age

The study reported in this article investigated the proficiency in French of a group of anglophone adult L2 learners of the language, all of whom reported passing regularly for native speakers of French. Tests were administered to these learners to gauge their proficiency in different aspects of French, including a lexico-grammatical measure. A regional accent recognition instrument, which required the correct identification of three French regional accents, formed the subsequent element of the testing process. Questionnaire and narrative data were also collected from participants with respect to their attitudes and motivation as well as their fluency before arrival in France; of the 20 participants, three scored within native ranges on all tasks. With regard to these three, a number of affective variables seemed to play a markedly more important role than maturational factors in the high attainment recorded. In this article, such affective variables will be more closely examined, and their possible role in accounting for the achievement of native-like proficiency in an L2 is explored in some depth.
A Social Support Intervention and Academic Achievement in College: Does Perceived Loneliness Mediate the Relationship?

The authors examined whether a social support intervention reduced loneliness and increased academic achievement among college freshmen. Eighty-eight 1st-year students randomly assigned to a social support group program reported less loneliness in the spring of their freshman year and obtained higher grade point averages in the fall of their sophomore year, compared with control participants, after controlling for demographic variables. Loneliness barely mediated the relationship between the social support intervention and academic achievement, suggesting other mechanisms by which the intervention enhanced academic performance.
Empowering Pedagogies that Enhance the Learning of Multicultural Students

In this article, I lay out the tenets of a critical pedagogy and present the details of a study designed to investigate the presence of those tenets within the discourse patterns and pedagogical practices observed in community-based classrooms, which serve as alternative sites of urban multicultural education. Through analyses of the discourses and pedagogies used in the classrooms of three African American female teachers, I investigate the degree to which these teachers are able to challenge their students to consider alternative life possibilities, to become critical thinkers, and to consider transformation of their current life situations and the life situations of others. Through depictions of everyday activities and discourses that occur in these community-based classrooms, I illustrate how, although the overt rhetoric of these organizations is one that often says, “follow the rules… don't challenge lines of authority,” the covert communicative messages in these community-based classrooms were often geared toward encouraging students to develop higher levels of consciousness and the skills needed to take control of and perhaps even transform their existing life experiences. Based on the findings of this investigation, I advocate for the conscious creation of dialogic, multiculturally sensitive classrooms where empowering, dynamic constructions of knowledge can become a reality by expanding upon the strategic uses of discourse patterns and pedagogical practices observed in the classrooms of these African American female teachers.
The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Burden Assessment Scale (K-BAS)

MethodsZZA sample of 256 first-order relatives of schizophrenics completed the K-BAS and the data were analyzed for internal consistency and factor structure. In addition, a subset of participants (n=112) refilled the K-BAS after two weeks for test-retest reliability. To test for validity, the Family Burden Scale (FBS), Korean version of Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (KDAI-10), and Korean version of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD-K) were administered.
Evaluation of association of SNPs in the TNF alpha gene region with schizophrenia

The association of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) −G308A promoter polymorphism with schizophrenia has complemented clinical findings of increased levels of the TNFα cytokine in schizophrenic patients, with some support for a functional consequence of the variant. Our previous studies of genetic causes in schizophrenia supported findings of linkage to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region where the TNFα gene is located as well as association with the −G308A promoter polymorphism. While the common G‐allele shows association in our sample, association with the A‐allele has been reported by other groups. This suggests linkage disequilibrium (LD) rather than direct involvement in the disorder. In order to define LD of DNA variants with the disorder in this area, we analyzed 36 SNPs in a 165‐kb region around this polymorphism. We detected nominally significant associations (P < 0.05) of three markers (including the −G308A promoter polymorphism) and multiple haplotypes with schizophrenia in our sample of 204 families (79 sib‐pairs and 125 trios). The association is largely restricted to a 30 kb high LD region/block and should assist in the identification of a schizophrenia susceptibility gene within the block or elsewhere in the MHC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Context-Specific Motivations to Read for Adolescent Struggling Readers: Does the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire Tell the Full Story?

Commonly used literacy motivation assessments do not specifically explore literacy motivation in school. These context-general assessments may be problematic for struggling adolescent readers, as qualitative research documents that these adolescents exhibit different levels of cross-context motivation. The present study explores whether an in-school measure predicts additional variance in reading performance beyond a non-context-specific measure. One hundred and fifteen fifth graders were administered the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire, an in-school reading motivation daily log, a demographic survey, and standardized reading assessments. Findings indicate that the in-school reading motivation measure predicted performance for struggling readers and the non-context-specific measure did not.
Reconstructive Techniques Study After Anterior Decompression of Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Study Design Retrospectively compared 2 reconstructive techniques after the anterior decompression of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Objective To clinically compare the biomechanical stability and neurologic results of 2 reconstructive techniques after the anterior decompression of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy retrospectively. Summary of Background Data Previous studies comparing different reconstruction techniques after the anterior decompression of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy have yielded mixed results. Some studies have reported a high incidence of graft-plate extrusion when 2 or more corpectomies are performed and reconstructed with a long segmental anterior plate fixation that spans the strut graft without supplemental posterior cervical fixation, a standalone cage and segmental plate fixation after combination 1 level discectomy and 1 level corpectomy used to treat multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy were reported have no evidence of late-onset instrumentation-related failure, although 2 techniques have never been directly compared in a consecutive series of patients clinically. Methods A retrospective study of 59 patients with multilevel (3 levels) cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated with 1 of 2 anterior decompression and reconstruction methods were compared. Copectomy method (39 patients) is 2-level corpectomies and long segment end-construct plate fixation; hybrid method (20 patients) is standalone cage and segmental plate fixation after 1-level discectomy combined with 1-level corpectomy. Results The follow-up (mean18 mo) results show both methods had similar, satisfactory recovery of neurologic function (P>0.05). There were 7 cases of graft/plate migrations or dislodgments (17.9%) and 4 of these required revision surgery among 39 patients with corpectomy method, as compared with no graft/implant-related complications or nonunion among 20 patients with hybrid method (P<0.001). Conclusions This study clearly demonstrates that, adequate decompression can be achieved for the multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy with both methods, and the hybrid method offers better biomechanical stability and fusion results than the corpectomy method, and obviates the need for staged circumferential procedures.
Emerging Conceptions of Giftedness: Building a Bridge to the New Century

This article describes a continuum of definitions of giftedness from conservative to liberal, and how these definitions relate to the development of the 3-ring conception of giftedness. In this definition, above-average ability, task commitment, and creativity are seen as 3 interactive clusters of traits that gifted students may exhibit or are capable of developing. The 3-ring conception of giftedness provides an operational definition that can be used by schools as the basis for identification that, in turn, leads to more targeted programming options for gifted students. Recent research related to the 3-ring conception focuses on the infinite number of interactions that contribute to giftedness including personality and environmental factors that have an impact on one's ability to engage in creative and productive endeavors.
Asian Cultural Values, Internalized Heterosexism, and Sexual Orientation Disclosure Among Asian American Sexual Minority Persons

The purpose of this study was to examine how cultural-specific influences effect dimensions of sexual identity experience among 143 Asian American lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) persons using a web-based Internet survey. Findings revealed that more adherence to Asian values was positively related to internalized heterosexism (also known as internalized homophobia) and negatively related to sexual orientation disclosure to others. Results also indicated that internalized heterosexism mediated and moderated the relationship between adherence to Asian values and sexual orientation disclosure. In terms of mediation, findings were consistent with the notion that more adherence to Asian cultural values leads to more internalized heterosexism, which in turn leads to less willingness to be out. In terms of moderation, results revealed that the difference between the high and low internalized heterosexism groups occurs at the lower levels of adherence to Asian values when LGBQ persons who have less internalized heterosexism have more sexual orientation disclosure. Results illustrate the complex ways that culture specific values and processes influence two important aspects of the coming out process.
Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma following Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Metastasis or Second Primary?

Purpose: To distinguish a metastasis from a second primary tumor in patients with a history of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and subsequent pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. Experimental Design: For 44 patients with a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck followed by a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, clinical data, histology, and analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) were used to differentiate metastases from second primary tumors. Results: Clinical evaluation suggested 38 patients with metastases and 6 with second primaries. We developed a novel interpretation strategy based on biological insight and on our observation that multiple LOH on different chromosome arms are not independent. LOH analysis indicated metastatic disease in 19 cases and second primary squamous cell carcinoma in 24 cases. In one case, LOH analysis was inconclusive. For 25 patients, LOH supported the clinical scoring, and in 18 cases, it did not. These 18 discordant cases were all considered to be second primary tumors by LOH analysis. Conclusions: A considerable number of squamous cell lung lesions (50% in this study), clinically interpreted as metastases, are suggested to be second primaries by LOH analysis. For these patients, a surgical approach with curative intent may be justified.
La politique des deux axes: Variables sociologiques, valeurs et votes en France (1988-2007)

Les variables lourdes peseraient de moins en moins dans le vote. Pourtant, cette baisse n’est pas generale. Certaines logiques sociales du vote demeurent. Enfin, la cohorte de naissance ou le diplome emergent dans les explications du vote en 2007. Il s’agit ici d’expliquer les permanences et les mutations des logiques sociales du vote lors des quatre dernieres elections presidentielles. En discutant et prolongeant la theorie de la old et de la new politics, on montre que ces evolutions ne sont pas dues a un changement de systeme de valeurs, mais a la politisation par les grands partis francais des valeurs culturelles. Cette « politique des deux axes » a plusieurs consequences. De nouvelles logiques sociales du vote emergent ; certains groupes sociaux (les cadres, les ouvriers) sont travailles par des conflits de valeurs, quand d’autres (les « sans religion », les independants) n’en sont pas affectes.
Calcium absorption and bone utilization in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed on native and heat-damaged casein and soya-bean protein

The effects of dietary protein on Ca bioavailability and utilization in bone were examined in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed on diets containing either casein (200 g/kg (control), 60 g/kg or heat-damaged (HD) 200 g/kg) or soya-bean protein isolate (200 g/kg (control), 60 g/kg, or HD 200 g/kg). Casein was heat-damaged to limit caseinophosphopeptide (CPP) production in order to evaluate casein enhancement of Ca bioavailability. All diets contained an adequate level of Ca (5 g/kg). A 24 h mineral balance study was performed when animals were 10 weeks old, followed by measurement of in situ paracellular Ca disappearance, femur mineralization and biomechanics at 14 weeks of age. Digestibility of soya-bean and both HD proteins estimated in vitro was reduced compared with native casein. Animals fed on HD and 60 g/kg protein diets exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) body weight gain, dry matter intake and feed efficiency compared with controls. The ileal disappearance of 45Ca was lower (P < 0.05) in animals fed on HD casein and all the soya-bean protein diets. Ca balance was not strongly affected by dietary treatments. A significant (P < 0.05) interaction between protein source and reduced protein intake was observed for femur calcification and physical measurements. Femur bending failure energy and biomechanical force measurements were reduced (P < 0.05) in HD and 60 g/kg casein and soya-bean protein fed animals. These findings suggest that whole-body Ca homeostatic mechanisms were involved in compensating for reduced Ca bioavailability and retention from casein diets modified to reduce protein digestibility and CPP production.