Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality Assessment of Crowdsourcing Transcriptions for African Languages

We evaluate the quality of speech transcriptions acquired by crowdsourcing to develop ASR acoustic models (AM) for under-resourced languages. We have developed AMs using reference (REF) transcriptions and transcriptions from crowdsourcing (TRK) for Swahili and Amharic. While the Amharic transcription was much slower than that of Swahili to complete, the speech recognition systems developed using REF and TRK transcriptions have almost similar (40.1 vs 39.6 for Amharic and 38.0 vs 38.5 for Swahili) word recognition error rate. Moreover, the character level disagreement rates between REF and TRK are only 3.3% and 6.1% for Amharic and Swahili, respectively. We conclude that it is possible to acquire quality transcriptions from the crowd for under-resourced languages using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Recognizing such a great potential of it, we recommend some legal and ethical issues to consider.
Trade and Wages Revisited : The Effect of the China ’ s MFN Status on the Skill Premium in U . S . Manufacturing ( Preliminary )

I take advantage of an interesting policy experiment – the 1980 U.S. conferral of Most Favored Nation (MFN) status to China – to estimate the effect of increased imports from a less developed country on the U.S. manufacturing wage structure. Previous empirical studies find that trade has little or no effect on wages in the U.S. However, they all rely on the basic version of the factor proportions framework (Heckscher-Ohlin) and consequently only expect to find trade-related changes across industries (e.g. Berman, Bound, and Griliches, 1994). In contrast, I use this policy experiment to provide evidence that trade raises the demand for skill and the skill premium within U.S. manufacturing industries. My findings are consistent with Schott (2004), who reports that U.S. trade data supports factor proportions specialization within, as opposed to across, industries. JEL Classification: F16; J31
Faktor-faktor yang Mengakibatkan Perceraian dalam Perkawinan

This study aims to identify factors that lead to divorce in the Village of Hope Tanah Pinem Dairi. The study population was Muslim communities have been divorced and remarried totaling 120 households. These samples included 30 heads of families who are Muslims and have been divorced and remarried to the sample in this study were randomly (random sampling). The results showed that the factors that lead to divorce in the household in the village of Hope Tanah Pinem Dairi, among others, namely: fakor young age, economic factors, factors not yet have offspring and factors husband often be harsh to be the cause of divorce in the Village of Hope. Happens result of Divorce in the Village of Hope Tanah Pinem Dairi is the loss of filial affection and Loosening of family relationship between the wife and husband
Correction of an Augmentation Bound Analysis for Parallel Real-Time Tasks

This paper proposes some significant corrections in a recent work of Lakshmanan et al on parallel task scheduling. Lakshmanan et al have proposed a transformation of parallel tasks into sequential tasks, and have claimed a resource augmentation bound of 3:42 for partitioned deadline monotonic (DM) scheduling of the transformed tasks. We demonstrate that their analysis for resource augmentation bound is incorrect. We propose a different technique for task transformation that requires a resource augmentation bound of 5 for partitioned DM scheduling. Type of Report: Other Department of Computer Science & Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 St. Louis, MO 63130 ph: (314) 935-6160 Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Correction of an Augmentation Bound Analysis for Parallel Real-Time Tasks Abusayeed Saifullah · Kunal Agrawal · Chenyang Lu · Christopher Gill Abstract This paper proposes some significant corrections in a recent work of Lakshmanan et al on parallel task scheduling. Lakshmanan et al have proposed a transformation of parallel tasks into sequential tasks, and have claimed a resource augmentation bound of 3.42 for partitioned deadline monotonic (DM) scheduling of the transformed tasks. We demonstrate that their analysis for resource augmentation bound is incorrect. We propose a different technique for task transformation that requires a resource augmentation bound of 5 for partitioned DM scheduling.This paper proposes some significant corrections in a recent work of Lakshmanan et al on parallel task scheduling. Lakshmanan et al have proposed a transformation of parallel tasks into sequential tasks, and have claimed a resource augmentation bound of 3.42 for partitioned deadline monotonic (DM) scheduling of the transformed tasks. We demonstrate that their analysis for resource augmentation bound is incorrect. We propose a different technique for task transformation that requires a resource augmentation bound of 5 for partitioned DM scheduling.
Herbally Painted Biofunctional Scaffolds with Improved Osteoinductivity for Bone Tissue Engineering

In the bone tissue engineering composite scaffolds with osteogenic potential are emerging as the new tool. Here, we investigated the graphene (GP), graphene oxide (GO) and Cissusquadrangularis (CQ) callus extract for their spontaneous osteoinductive potential. Electrospun poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) sheets were painted with varying combination GP, GO and CQ solutions as ink. The prepared PCL-GO, PCL-GO-CQ, PCL-GP and PCL-GP-CQ scaffolds were characterized for their physical, mechanical and biological properties. Addition of GO, GP, GO-CQ and GP-CQ to PCL enhanced roughness, wettability, Yield strength and tensile strength, biocompatibility . significantly. Presence of GO and CQ in PCL-GO-CQ scaffolds, while GP and CQ in PCL-GP-CQ scaffolds showed synergistic effect on the biocompatibility, Cell attachment,cell proliferation of human umbilical Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and their differentiation into osteoblasts by 21st day in culture without osteogenic differentiation media or any growth factors. Same is confirmed by the Alizarin red S staining and Von kossa staining. The combination of PCL-GO-CQ scaffold prepared by novel paint method was found to be the most potential in bone tissue engineering.
Plaque erosion is a major substrate for coronary thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of plaque erosion as a substrate for coronary thrombosis. DESIGN Pathological study in patients with acute myocardial infarction not treated with thrombolysis or coronary interventional procedures. PATIENTS 298 consecutive patients (189 men, mean (SD) age 66 (11) years; 109 women, 74 (8) years) dying in hospital between 1984 and 1996 from acute myocardial infarction, diagnosed by ECG changes and rise in cardiac enzymes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Histopathological determination of plaque erosion as substrate for acute thrombosis; location and histological type of coronary thrombosis; acute and healed myocardial infarcts; ventricular rupture. RESULTS Acute coronary thrombi were found in 291 hearts (98%); in 74 cases (25%; 40/107 women (37.4%) and 34/184 men (18.5%); p = 0.0004), the plaque substrate for thrombosis was erosion. Healed infarcts were found in 37.5% of men v 22% of women (p = 0.01). Heart rupture was more common in women than in men (22%v 10.5%, p = 0.01). The distribution of infarcts, thrombus location, heart rupture, and healed infarcts was similar in cases of plaque rupture and plaque erosion. CONCLUSIONS Plaque erosion is an important substrate for coronary thrombosis in patients dying of acute myocardial infarction. Its prevalence is significantly higher in women than in men.
Pola Metakognisi dan Kemampuan pemecahan Masalah Siswa Melalui Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS)

Pemecahan masalah memegang peranan penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Pelibatan metakognisi dalam pemecahan masalah juga menjadi hal pokok dalam menentukan keberhasilan pembelajaran matematika. Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan dan metakognisi siswa tidak lepas dari proses pembelajaran yang diterapkan di dalam kelas. Model, teknik ataupun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran seharusnya berorientasi pada pembelajaran students centered, aktif, saling berinteraksi dan berpaham kontruktivisme yaitu siswa diberikan kesempatan untuk membangun pengetahuannya sendiri. Model pembelajaran Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) salah satu model yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan metakognisi siswa. Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang signifikan antara siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan TAPPS dengan siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan metode lainnya. Penelitian terdahulu juga menyimpulkan bahwa aktivitas metakognisi siswa bisa dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran TAPPS. Komponen-komponen metakognisi selama pemecahan masalah melalui TAPPS juga dapat dipolakan berdasarkan tingkat kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah tinggi, mampu menggunakan komponen-komponen metakognisi secara sempurna. Sedangkan siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah sedang, menggunakan metakognisi dengan tidak sempurna dan tidak mampu mengoptimalkan setiap komponen metakognisi yang digunakan. Begitupun dengan siswa yang mempunyai kemampuan pemecahan masalah rendah, hanya melibatkan beberapa komponen metakognisinya dan tidak optimal.
Measurements of Selected Brominated Flame Retardants in Nursing Women: Implications for Human Exposure

We have examined several emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) including 2-ethyl-1-hexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)-indane (OBIND), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in paired human maternal serum (n = 102) and breast milk (n = 105) collected in 2008–2009 in the Sherbrooke region in Canada. Three legacy BFRs were also included in the study for comparison: decabromobiphenyl (BB-209), 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ethers (BDE-153). TBB, BB-153, and BDE-153 had detection frequencies greater than 55% in both serum and milk samples. Their lipid weight (lw) adjusted median concentrations (ng g–1 lw) in serum and milk were 1.6 and 0.41 for TBB, 0.48 and 0.31 for BB-153, and 1.5 and 4.4 for BDE-153, respectively. The detection frequencies for the other BFRs measured in serum and milk were 16.7% and 32.4% for TBPH, 3.9% and 0.0% for BTBPE, 2.0% and 0.0% for BB-209, 9.8% and 1.0% for OBIND, and 5.9% and 8.6% for DBDPE. The ratio of TBB over the sum of TBB and TBPH (fTBB) in serum (0.23) was lower than that in milk (0.46), indicating TBB has a larger tendency than TBPH to be redistributed from blood to milk. Overall, these data confirm the presence of non-PBDE BFRs in humans, and the need to better understand their sources, routes of exposure, and potential human health effects.
Fast Acquisition and Tracking for Carrier in High Dynamic Condition

In order to actualize the fast synchronization of carrier in high dynamic, A New union carrier synchronization algorithm based on FFT and PLL (Phase Locked Loop) is proposed. The basic idea is that firstly get a coarse estimation by using the peak of a period gram and then gain an accurate estimation by using a new interpolation formula about the two lines beside the pea. Next, using the frequency as guide frequency, to control the frequency of the sine signal produced by the NCO (Numerically Controlled Oscillator). And finally achieve the goal of carrier synchronization through the adaptive algorithm of the PLL. With the method of real-time and precise estimation of carrier, it can reduce the tracking time in low signal-to-noise rate and high dynamic condition. The results show that it can effectively achieve the expectations of carrier quickly capture and carrier accurate tracking.
Block-Based Approaches to Learning Ranking Functions with Application to Protein Homology Prediction

In many information retrieval systems such as Web search engines and biological-sequence search engines, the ranking functions that list the search results in order of their relevances to the query are one of the most important components. In the machine learning approaches to constructing ranking-functions, the feature vectors of database items are computed based on queries and thus they are grouped into blocks by queries. However, few existing algorithms take into account the block structure of data when learning a ranking function. This paper describes a series of approaches for more accurate learning of ranking functions by exploiting the block structure of data and applies these approaches to the protein homology prediction problem, a key step of protein structure prediction in bioinformatics. These approaches range from data normalization and reduction to learner training. The data reduction methods, including block selection and support vector under-sampling, contributed to our original winning of the protein homology prediction task in the ACM KDDCUP-2004 competition. By extending the block-selection method to a query-adaptive version and using an ensemble-learning approach, a novel ranking-function learning algorithm named K-Nearest-Block (KNB) Ensemble Ranking is proposed. In this algorithm, given the data block derived from a new query, only those most similar data blocks in training data are used to learn a ranking function. Experiments with the support vector machine (SVM) used as the benchmark learner demonstrate that all the proposed block-based approaches can significantly improve the ranking performance of SVMs. Especially, the KNB SVM ensemble performs so far most accurately overall on the blinded test data set of the KDDCUP-2004 protein homology prediction problem.
A Systematic Review of Studies Using the Brief COPE: Religious Coping in Factor Analyses

Religion is generally recognized as a major resource for dealing with stressful events, but its relationship with secular coping strategies continues to be debated. The present article provides a systematic review of the way in which analyses of the sub-scale turning to religion of the widely used Brief COPE [1] instrument are presented in peer-reviewed research articles, in order to investigate how the wealth of data published using this instrument can inform how religious coping relates to other coping strategies. Of the 212 identified articles that included turning to religion in their analyses, 80 combined sub-scale scores to form higher-order coping factors, 38 of which based on exploratory factor analyses of their own datasets. When factor analyses had used individual items as indicators, religious coping was more likely to load together with maladaptive coping strategies, and more likely with adaptive coping strategies when analyses were conducted at sub-scale level. To a large extent, the variation in the results from exploratory factor analyses appears to be due to the diverse and often inappropriate factor analytic techniques used to determine the factor structure of the Brief COPE instrument. Reports from factor analyses of the Brief COPE therefore have very little value when trying to make general conclusions about the role of religious coping in relation to secular coping methods.
FOXP3 Subcellular Localization Predicts Recurrence in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) expression in tumor infiltrating CD4+T cells is generally associated with an intrinsic capacity to suppress tumor immunity. Based on this notion, different studies have evaluated the prognostic value of this maker in cancer but contradictory results have been found. Indeed, even within the same cancer population, the presence of CD4+FOXP3+T cells has been associated,with either a poor or a good prognosis, or no correlation has beenfound. Here, we demonstrate,in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), that what really represents a prognostic parameter is not the overall expression of FOXP3 but its intracellular localization.While overallFOXP3 expression in tumor infiltrating CD4+T cells does not correlate with tumor recurrence, its intracellular localization within the CD4 cells does: nuclear FOXP3 (nFOXP3) is associated with tumor recurrence within 3 years, while cytoplasmicFOXP3 (cFOXP3) is associated with a lower likelihood of recurrence. Thus, we propose elevated levels of the cFOXP3/nFOXP3 ratio within tumor infiltrating CD4+ T cells as a predictor of OSCC recurrence.
WAVELET-BASED DENOISING ALGORITHM FOR ROBUST EMG PATTERN RECOGNITION

A successful pre-processing stage based on wavelet denoising algorithm for electromyography (EMG) signal recognition is proposed. From the limitation of traditional universal wavelet denoising, the optimal weighted parameter is assigned for universal thresholding method. The optimal weight for increasing EMG recognition accuracy is 50–60% of traditional universal threshold with hard transformation. Experimental results show that it improved approximately from 2 to 50% of recognition accuracy for EMG with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the range of 20 to 0 dB compared to a baseline system (without pre-processing stage) and traditional universal wavelet denoising. The results are evaluated through a large EMG dataset with seven kinds of hand movements and eight types of muscle positions.
Predicting Optimal Power Allocation for CPU and DRAM Domains

Constraints imposed by power delivery and costs will be key design impediments to the development of next generation High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems. To remedy these impediments, solutions that impose power bounds (or caps) on over-provisioned computing systems to remain within the physical (and financial) power limits have been proposed. Uninformed power capping can significantly impact performance and power capping's success depends largely on how intelligently a given power budget is allocated across various subsystems of the computing nodes. Since different computations put vastly different demands on various system components, those variations in the demands must be taken into consideration while making power allocation decisions to lessen performance degradation. Given a target power bound, a model-based methodology presented in this paper, which takes computation-specific properties into account, guides power allocations for CPU and DRAM domains to maximize performance. Our methodology is accurate and can predict the performance impacts of the power capping allocation schemes for different types of computations from real applications with absolute mean error of less than 6%.
Geologic Map of the Meskhent Tessera Quadrangle (V-3), Venus

The Magellan spacecraft orbited Venus from August 10, 1990, until it plunged into the Venusian atmosphere on October 12, 1994. Magellan Mission objectives included (1) improving the knowledge of the geological processes, surface properties, and geologic history of Venus by analysis of surface radar characteristics , topography, and morphology and (2) improving the knowledge of the geophysics of Venus by analysis of Venusian gravity. The Magellan spacecraft carried a 12.6-cm radar system to map the surface of Venus. The transmitter and receiver systems were used to collect three data sets: (1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the surface, (2) passive microwave thermal emission observations, and (3) measurements of the backscat-tered power at small angles of incidence, which were processed to yield altimetric data. Radar imaging and altimetric and radio-metric mapping of the Venusian surface were accomplished in mission cycles 1, 2, and 3 from September 1990 until Septem-ber 1992. Ninety-eight percent of the surface was mapped with radar resolution on the order of 120 m. The SAR observations were projected to a 75-m nominal horizontal resolution, and these full-resolution data compose the image base used in geologic mapping. The primary polarization mode was horizontal transmit , horizontal-receive (HH), but additional data for selected areas were collected for the vertical polarization sense. Incidence angles varied between about 20° and 45°. High-resolution Doppler tracking of the spacecraft took place from September 1992 through October 1994 (mission cycles 4, 5, 6). Approximately 950 orbits of high-resolution gravity observations were obtained between September 1992 and May 1993 while Magellan was in an elliptical orbit with a periapsis near 175 km and an apoapsis near 8,000 km. An additional 1,500 orbits were obtained following orbit-circular-ization in mid-1993. These data exist as a 75° by 75° harmonic field. Radar backscatter power is determined by (1) the morphology of the surface at a broad range of scales and (2) the intrinsic reflectivity, or dielectric constant, of the material. Topography at scales of several meters and larger can produce quasi-specular echoes, and the strength of the return is greatest when the local surface is perpendicular to the incident beam. This type of scattering is most important at very small angles of incidence, because natural surfaces generally have few large tilted facets at high angles. The exception is in areas of steep slopes, such as ridges or rift zones, where favorably tilted terrain can produce very bright signatures …
Video shot grouping using best-first model merging

For more efficiently organizing, browsing, and retrieving digital video, it is important to extract video structure information at both scene and shot levels. This paper present an effective approach to video scene segmentation based on probabilistic model merging. In our proposed method, we regard the shots in video sequence as hidden state variable and use probabilistic clustering to get the best clustering performance. The experimental results show that our method produces reasonable clustering results based on the visual content. A project named HomeVideo is introduced to show the application of the proposed method for personal video materials management.
The Effects of a Self-Regulated Learning Music Practice Strategy Curriculum on Music Performance, Self-Regulation, Self-Efficacy, and Cognition

v Chapter One Introduction 1 Adolescent Cognitive Development and Music Training 3 Memory and Processing Speed 6 Self-Regulation and Self-Efficacy in Music Learning and Practice 7 Conceptual and Theoretical Framework 9 Statement of Problem 13 Rationale of the Study 16 Purpose of the Study 16 Research Questions 17 Key Variables 18 Significance of the Study 20 Contributions to the Field of Music Education 21 Delimitations and Limitations 21 Definition of Terms 22 Chapter Two: Literature Review Introduction 25 Music Training and Cognitive Development in Adolescents 26 Self-Regulated Learning 31 The Four Developmental Phases of Music Learning 33 The Psychological Dimensions of SRL and the Music Learning Environment 35 Motivation 35 Method 36 Social Factors 37 Learning Behavior and Learning Environment 38 Processes for Developing SRL and the Seven Component Teaching Module 40 The Self-Regulated Learning Music Practice Strategy Curriculum 45 Summary 55