Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traditional Urbanism Meets Residential Affluence: An Analysis of the Variability of Suburban Preference

Abstract This article evaluates the likelihood that wealthy suburban residents in the U.S. would endorse the ideas currently being promulgated by advocates of traditional urbanism. The results of an attitudinal survey of 185 affluent, mostly White residents of a suburb 25 miles north of Dallas, Texas, are reported. Four hypotheses were developed and used to assess what aspects of residential preference may be linked to an acceptance of traditional urban-ism concepts. The findings indicate that residents are very attached to their neighborhood and are unlikely to accept criticisms of their suburban lifestyle. Further, agreement with traditional urbanism concepts was associated with a perceived failure of the physical planning aspects of suburban development such as access to services. The conclusion is that in general, affluent suburban residents are likely to base any disfavor with suburban living on factors that affect them in very practical ways and not on a lack of community sentiment or a sense of the social or environmental weaknesses of suburban development. The findings also support the view that residential preferences are not inflexible and are sometimes even contradictory. This adaptability suggests that education about the impacts of development may be warranted.
The Burden of Psychosocial Stressors and Urgent Mental Health Problems in a Pediatric Weight Management Program

Objective. To systematically screen for behavioral and mental health problems and psychosocial stressors (PS) in newly referred patients and adult caregivers (PACs) in a pediatric weight management program. Methods. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for caregivers and patients ≥18 years, and assessed urgent mental health concerns and psychosocial stressors. Results. A total of 243 PACs were screened; data were unavailable for 6. Compared with US normative data for the SDQ–Parent Proxy Version, the proportion of patients in our sample with borderline/abnormal total difficulties and conduct problems scores was greater for all age groups. Among adult caregivers with complete CES-D, 18.4% were at risk for depression. Eleven percent of patients screened positive for urgent mental health problems. Overall, 43% of patients and 57.4% of caregivers had PS. Conclusions. Systematic screening identified untreated symptoms and significant PS. Addressing these complex problems likely requires collaborative approaches with community providers.
Automation, Size, and the Locus of Decision Making: The Cascade Effect

The impact of automation on the centralization of decision making in organizations has recently become a problem of interest to sociologists, administrative scientists, and other students of organizations. Within this general problem, however, there exist numerous and varied operational definitions of both automation (which includes everything from semiautomatic machinery on the assembly line to electronic computers in offices) a'nd the degree of centralization of decision making (under which heading one can include such diverse variables as closeness of supervision, managerial ratio, and perceived influence). ' Each combination of operational definitions constitutes a specific subproblem, and it is not at all clear at the present time whether the conclusions of one study are applicable to different types or degrees of automation, different types of decisions, and/or different types of organizations. While it is the aim of all comparative organization specialists to formulate general principles, such generalizations must ultimately be based on the systematic empirical study of particular processes in similar organizations. This paper, then, is an empirical study of the effects of electronic data-processing (EDP) equipment (computers) on the locus of authority for hiring decisions in one type of government organization. The type of automation, the kinds of decisions, and the type of organizations involved may all prove to be factors which differentiate my conclusions from those of other studies which bear on similar problems. However, given the fragmentary nature of related findings, one must begin by assuming that the conclusions of previous researchers are comparable and relevant to the present problem, in order to generate models which are capable of being tested with the data available. Previous research and theory suggest that the introduction of electronic dataprocessing equipment should lead to increased centralization of decision-making authority. The general argument favoring this conclusion is that automation makes centralized decision making possible by speeding up the processing of information, quantifying more information, and simplifying the organization of information. In large, complex organizations many decisions formerly had to be made at lower levels due to the belated and insufficient feedback of necessary information to top management. Since automation speeds up this feedback process, centralized decision making becomes a * This paper is the tenth report of the Comparative Organization Research Program, supported by grant GS-1528 from the National Science Foundation. This support is gratefully acknowledged. I also wish to thank Peter M. Blau for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
Rootstocks for Weak Growing Scion Cultivars Like ‘ Honeycrisp ’

Duplicate field trials with ‘Honeycrisp’ apple on 22 rootstocks conducted for 9 years at Geneva, NY (in Western NY State) and Peru, NY (in Northern NY State), showed that two dwarf Geneva® stocks (G.41 and G.11) had good tree survival, superior yield performance to M.9, similar fruit size as M.9 and less bienniality than M.9. A third stock, G.935, which was similar in size to M.26 was also superior in yield to M.9 but was not less biennial.
Outcomes Following Healing Response in Older, Active Patients: A Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Technique

Abstract The purpose of this study was to document outcomes following the healing response procedure for treatment of complete, proximal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in a mature, active population. Healing response is an all-arthroscopic procedure that preserves the native ACL and makes use of an arthroscopic awl with a 45-degree angle to make holes in the femoral attachment of the ACL and in the body of the ACL. Patients were included in this IRB-approved study if they were ≥40 years old, had a complete proximal ACL tear, and who had healing response within 6 weeks of initial injury. In this study 48 patients (35 females, 13 males) with an average age of 51 years (range: 41 to 68 years) underwent the healing response procedure. Of these four female patients (8.9%) required subsequent ACL reconstruction. Mean time to ACL reconstruction was 34.5 months (range, 14.3 to 61.2 months). Of the 44, 41 patients (93%) had minimum of 2-year follow-up at an average of 7.6 years (range, 2.2 to 13.4 years). Average preoperative Lysholm score was 54 (range, 10 to 82) and improved to an average of 90 postoperatively (p = 0.001). Median Tegner Activity Scale at follow-up was 5 (range, 2 to 9). Median patient satisfaction was 10 (range, 4 to 10). Higher patient satisfaction was correlated with increased Lysholm score at follow-up (rho = 0.39, p = 0.02). Tegner Activity Scale was associated with postoperative Lysholm score (rho = 0.35, p = 0.04). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the healing response procedure to allow patients to return to high levels of recreational activity and to restore knee function to normal levels. In a select group of mature patients with acute proximal ACL tears, the healing response procedure is an effective treatment technique.
The Conditions of Care: Reframing the Debate about Public Sector Ethic

While a growing body of research argues for increased attention to ethics within public administration, scholars diverge on how to conceptualize the character of public ethics. Likewise, empirical evidence regarding the role that ethics plays in the quality of service delivery is rare. The author argues that the concept of a public ethics of care is useful for public administration in welfare states. She examines the idea empirically through a large-N analysis of frontline bureaucrats within the Swedish Social Insurance Administration. The analysis develops two general measures of a public ethics of care as well as a public ethics of justice. The author proceeds to show a clear presence of an ethics of care in the Swedish public sector. Further, analysis shows that these two ethics measures are supplementary, not contradictory, and that age is the main individual determinant behind ethics of care, strongly correlating with number of years in office. The conclusion underscores how public ethics of care results from acquired experience in fulfilling care-oriented tasks.
Spectrum Sensing of Signals with Structured Covariance Matrices Using Covariance Matching Estimation Techniques

In this work, we consider spectrum sensing of Gaussian signals with structured covariance matrices. We show that the optimal detector based on the probability distribution of the sample covariance matrix is equivalent to the optimal detector based on the raw data, if the covariance matrices are known. However, the covariance matrices are unknown in general. Therefore, we propose to estimate the unknown parameters using covariance matching estimation techniques (COMET). We also derive the optimal detector based on a Gaussian approximation of the sample covariance matrix, and show that this is closely connected to COMET.
Measuring Cardiac Waste

The authors developed 8 measures of waste associated with cardiac procedures to assist hospitals in comparing their performance with peer facilities. Measure selection was based on review of the research literature, clinical guidelines, and consultation with key stakeholders. Development and validation used the data from 261 hospitals in a split-sample design. Measures were risk adjusted using Premier’s CareScience methodologies or mean peer value based on Medicare Severity Diagnosis-Related Group assignment. High variability was found in resource utilization across facilities. Validation of the measures using item-to-total correlations (range = 0.27-0.78), Cronbach α (.88), and Spearman rank correlation (0.92) showed high reliability and discriminatory power. Because of the level of variability observed among hospitals, this study suggests that there is opportunity for facilities to design successful waste reduction programs targeting cardiac-device procedures.
Bid-Ask Spreads in a Stock Exchange Without Market Specialists

ABSTRACT There is evidence in U.S. markets that bid-ask spreads are negatively correlated with transaction activity and positively correlated with stock prices. Spreads tend to reflect illiquidity and information asymmetry costs. This paper investigates the nature of bid-ask spreads on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA), Brazil, where brokers trade directly, without the presence of dealers. We compare the BOV-ESPA, where participants trade directly, with the results for other markets in which there are market specialists and market makers, and find the same relationship between spreads, stock prices and liquidity measures. We conclude that bid-ask spreads reflect information asymmetries even in Brazil. RESUMEN. En los mercados norteamericanos existen pruebas que las diferencias entre el precio de compra y el precio de renta (bid-ask spreads) se correlacionan negativamente con la actividad desempeñada durante las transacciones, y positivamente con los precios de las accio-nes. El diferencial tiende a reflejar la falta de liquidez y los costos asimétricos de la información. Este estudio investiga la naturaleza de la diferencia entre el precio de compra y el precio de renta (bid-ask spreads) en la Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA), Brasil, donde los corredores negocian directamente, sin la presencia de operadores bursátiles. Hemos comparado el sistema BOVESPA, donde los participantes negocian directamente, con los resultados obtenidos en otros mercados que utilizan especialistas y formadores de mercado, y encuentran la misma relación entre los spreads, precio de los valores y las medidas de liquidez. Consecuentemente, llegamos a la conclusión que aún en Brasil, los bid-ask spreads reflejan asimetrías en la información. RESUMO. Existem indícios nos mercados norte-americanos de que as diferenças entre o preço da oferta e o preço da procura (ou seja, os spreads) estão negativamente correlacionadas com a atividade de transações e positivamente correlacionadas com os preços das ações. Os spreads tendem a refletir os custos da iliquidez e da assimetria das informações. Este artigo investiga a natureza desses spreads na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA), onde os corretores transacionam diretamente, sem a presença dos dealers. Comparamos a BOVESPA, cujos participantes transacionam diretamente, com os resultados de outros mercados nos quais existem especialistas no mercado e operadores intermediário, e encontramos a mesma relação entre spreads, preços das ações e medidas da liquidez. Concluímos que os spreads refletem assimetrias de informações mesmo no Brasil.
The dynamic relationship between the federal funds rate and the Eurodollar rates under interest‐rate targeting

Purpose - Previous literature for the relations between the market interest rates and the targeted or target rate of the Federal Reserve paid little attention to Eurodollar market rates. The present paper attempts to fill this void. Design/methodology/approach - The study investigates the dynamic relationship between the federal funds rate and three short-term Eurodollar deposits rates. Cointegration analysis is utilized to examine the long-run relationships between the short-run dynamics of the market and targeted rates through a vector error-correction mechanism. Findings - The study shows strong evidence that, while the Eurodollar rates and the federal funds rate move together over time regardless of procedural differences in targeting, how they co-move, especially how they adjust toward long-run equilibrium, appears to be related to the targeting procedural changes. Research limitations/implications - Further research should be conducted for the theoretical analysis of strategic interactions between the monetary authority and market participants in the domestic and external financial markets. Practical implications - The result suggests that the Fed may affect the market interest rates through a policy of changing the federal funds rate target by a “fixed” amount for the foreseeable future. Such a policy has improved the market's ability to predict the size and timing of the changes in the target rate. Originality/value - The results of the paper give some new insights into the interactions between monetary policy operations and market interest rates, which is of interest to researchers, monetary authorities, and financial market participants.
Back to the future: A review of forty years of population projections at Statistics Canada

This paper aims to provide an overview of the population projections program at Statistics Canada, including its orientation, its strengths and challenges. We first identify some conceptual issues which have a bearing on how projections should be interpreted and evaluated. Then, we briefly review the past editions of Statistics Canada’s population projections and identify their main strengths and limitations. The evaluation considers the performance of previous projections at the national and provincial/territorial geographic levels and in terms of each of the major components of growth (fertility, mortality, and migration).
Thrombomodulin as a model of molecular mechanisms that modulate protease specificity and function at the vessel surface

The protein C anticoagulant system generates an “on demand” physiologic anticoagulant response. The pathway is initiated when thrombin binds to the endothelial cell thrombin binding protein, thrombomodulin. The complex exhibits dramatically altered macromolecular specificity. It rapidly cleaves the protein C zymogen to form the anticoagulant, activated protein C. Complex formation between thrombin and thrombomodulin also prevents thrombin, the enzyme responsible for clot formation and a potent platelet activator, from being able to clot fibrinogen or to activate platelets. Structural, kinetic, and competition studies suggest that thrombomodulin blocks these clotting reactions by masking the binding sites for fibrinogen and the platelet thrombin receptor. Stimulation of protein C activation appears to occur through conformational changes in the extended binding pocket of thrombin. This prevents repulsive interactions with protein C that exist when the free enzyme attempts to dock with this substrate. In addition to protein‐protein interactions, thrombomodulin has a covalently associated chondroitin sulfate moiety. Chondroitin sulfate binds to a basic surface on thrombin that is also involved in heparin interaction. The chondroitin sulfate enhances the affinity of thrombin for thrombomodulin approximately 10‐ to 20‐fold, making thrombomodulin a more potent inhibitor of coagulation, altering thrombin's conformation and specificity, and accelerating thrombin inhibition by the serpin, anthhrombin. These properties make thrombomodulin a molecular switch ideally suited to trigger an anticoagulant response when too much thrombin is generated. The importance of the system is documented by the clinical observation that patients deficient in protein C often die of massive thrombotic complications that can be reversed or prevented by infusion of protein C. —Esmon, C. T. Thrombomodulin as a model of molecular mechanisms that modulate protease specificity and function at the vessel surface. FASEBJ. 9, 946‐955 (1995)
Motivating Personnel at Russian Nuclear Power Plants: A Case-Study of Motivation Theory Application

The article examines the case of personnel management at the facilities of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy (Minatom). The data are derived from surveys of nuclear facility employees conducted by Minatom Professional Training Institute Atomenergo. This analysis compares the survey's findings on personnel motivation with the findings of a major Russian polling organization, and uses motivation theory to develop recommendations for personnel management strategies at Russian nuclear power plants (NPPs). The study has important implications as increased scrutiny is focused on the safety and security of Russia's nuclear stockpile and ultimately on the role that personnel management systems will play in positively or negatively influencing nuclear security. The article also draws upon the authors' experience in teaching and consulting with the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy since 1999. Additionally, one of the authors is a Russian citizen.
Induction and Inhibition of Type I Interferon Responses by Distinct Components of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFNs) play a critical role in the host defense against viruses. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection induces robust type I IFN production in its natural host, the mouse. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of type I IFNs in response to LCMV infection have not yet been clearly defined. In the present study, we demonstrate that IRF7 is required for both the early phase (day 1 postinfection) and the late phase (day 2 postinfection) of the type I IFN response to LCMV, and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)/mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) signaling is crucial for the late phase of the type I IFN response to LCMV. We further demonstrate that LCMV genomic RNA itself (without other LCMV components) is able to induce type I IFN responses in various cell types by activation of the RNA helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and MDA5. We also show that expression of the LCMV nucleoprotein (NP) inhibits the type I IFN response induced by LCMV RNA and other RIG-I/MDA5 ligands. These virus-host interactions may play important roles in the pathogeneses of LCMV and other human arenavirus diseases.
The Cultural Convergence of MBA Education Across Australia, Singapore and Malaysia

A commonly held view among international researchers is that markets and cultures are growing closer together. This cultural convergence is believed to result from the homogenising effect of technology transfer. One force which emerges from technology transfer is the convergence of education, in particular management education This study examined the MBA experience as a factor potentially causing cultural convergence. Students in five MBA programs in Australia, Malaysia and Singapore were surveyed on cultural dimensions using Hofstede's (1980) Values Survey Module to determine whether there was cultural convergence between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and the three countries. The results indicated that there was convergence between Hofstede's Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance distributions for the three countries.
Odontogenic keratocyst: Review of 256 cases for recurrence and clinicopathologic parameters.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is of particular interest because of its high recurrence rate and aggressive behavior. Two hundred fifty-six cases of OKC were reviewed for the age of the patient at diagnosis, sex of the patient, OKC location, and radiographic findings, and 132 patients with OKC were observed to estimate recurrence, which was analyzed for age, sex, location, and several histopathologic findings. OKCs occurred more frequently in men (58.6%) than in women (41.4%), and they occurred in patients within a wide age range, most commonly in patients in the third decade of life (28.9%), followed by those in the second decade (25.0%); the mean age of patients with OKC was 30.8 years. One hundred ninety-six of the 256 cases (76.5%) occurred in the mandible, and the other 60 cases (23.5%) occurred in the maxilla. The mandibular molar and the premolar areas (51.2%) were the most common sites, and the most frequent clinical manifestations at first admission were swelling, pain, or both (82.4% of total cases). Radiographic impressions included dentigerous cyst (27.3%), OKC (25.4%), primordial cyst (14.8%), ameloblastoma (11.7%), residual cyst (9.8%), and radicular cyst (3.1%). The frequency of recurrence at the follow-up examination was 58.3%. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate on the basis of the sex of the patient. However, OKCs had a significantly higher recurrence rate in patients in the fifth decade of life than in patients in the other age groups (P = .005). Recurrence rates were significantly dependent on the sites of involvement, and OKCs in the mandibular molar region had significantly higher recurrence rates than those in other sites (P = .001). The histopathologic presence of one or more daughter cysts was significantly related to recurrence (P = .03).
Pricing the Credit Risk of Secured Debt and Financial Leasing

This paper presents closed form solutions to price secured bank loans and financial leases subject to default risk. Secured debt fair credit spreads always increase in the debtor's default probability, whereas financial leasing fair credit spreads may well decrease in the lessee's default probability and even be negative. The reason is that the lessor, unlike the secured lender, can gain from the lessee's default, especially when the leasing contract envisages initial prepayments or the lessee's terminal options to either purchase the leased asset or to extend the lease maturity. This result, which critically depends on contractual and bankruptcy code provisions, can explain some of the empirical evidence and the use of financial leases as an alternative to secured bank lending to finance small, risky and relatively opaque firms.