Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) and Its Work Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Gender

ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of leader–member exchange (LMX) on frontline employees’ turnover intentions and their levels of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) mediated by organizational justice in the New Zealand hospitality industry. Adopting cognitive learning theory, the study investigates whether gender moderates the relationships between LMX and its consequences among frontline workers. A self-administered survey that investigated the work relationship between hospitality workers and their immediate supervisor/manager, as well as its impact on various work outcomes, was completed by 118 frontline employees in hospitality businesses in New Zealand. The findings of the study indicate that organizational justice fully mediates between LMX and OCB, and that there is a significant moderating impact of gender on the relationships of LMX with organizational justice and OCB, and the organizational justice and OCB relationship. The implications of the findings for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Experiences of being a former young carer: effects in the transition into adulthood and in the present life situation

This qualitative study aims to describe the experiences of adults with caring responsibilities during their childhood. 16 semi-structured interviews with former young carers were conducted and analyzed using open and axial coding procedures and constant comparison techniques. Being responsible as a child in terms of caregiving has an impact on every person concerned. When entering adulthood, most former young carers maintain the responsibility for the ill person. They feel torn between the effort of trying to arrange their life in a different way and holding on to a life where responsibility is still a dominant concern. They remain silent about caregiving due to the fear of painful memories, or the inability to recognize themselves as former young carers. Knowledge of former young carers’ situation can improve the understanding of how caring shapes the transition into adulthood and can help to prevent an inappropriate caring role of actual caregiving children.
Partner effects on food consumption in brown capuchin monkeys

It has been claimed that capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) show inequity aversion in relation to food rewards for a simple exchange task. However, other factors may affect the willingness of a monkey to consume foods of high or low value in the presence of a conspecific. In this study, pairs of monkeys were presented with unequally valued foods, but without any task‐performance: they simply received the food under four experimental conditions. By looking at the rate of collection and consumption of low‐valued cucumber slices we expected to see variation dependent on whether the partner either had 1) cucumber (equity), 2) grape (inequity), 3) inaccessible cucumber or 4) inaccessible grape. Testing 12 adult capuchin monkeys, our findings differed from those of other authors in that the monkeys failed to show negative reactions to inequity, but rather responded with scramble competition (i.e., fast food collection) in the presence of a conspecific without access to food. They also showed facilitated consumption in the presence of a conspecific consuming high‐valued food. Possibly, (in)equity plays a different role if food serves as a reward for a task rather than if it is simply made available for consumption. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1–9, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global Analysis of Serine/Threonine and Tyrosine Protein Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit Genes in Neurospora crassa Reveals Interplay Between Phosphatases and the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

Protein phosphatases are integral components of the cellular signaling machinery in eukaryotes, regulating diverse aspects of growth and development. The genome of the filamentous fungus and model organism Neurospora crassa encodes catalytic subunits for 30 protein phosphatase genes. In this study, we have characterized 24 viable N. crassa phosphatase catalytic subunit knockout mutants for phenotypes during growth, asexual development, and sexual development. We found that 91% of the mutants had defects in at least one of these traits, whereas 29% possessed phenotypes in all three. Chemical sensitivity screens were conducted to reveal additional phenotypes for the mutants. This resulted in the identification of at least one chemical sensitivity phenotype for 17 phosphatase knockout mutants, including novel chemical sensitivities for two phosphatase mutants lacking a growth or developmental phenotype. Hence, chemical sensitivity or growth/developmental phenotype was observed for all 24 viable mutants. We investigated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation profiles in the phosphatase mutants and identified nine potential candidates for regulators of the p38 MAPK. We demonstrated that the PP2C class phosphatase pph-8 (NCU04600) is an important regulator of female sexual development in N. crassa. In addition, we showed that the Δcsp-6 (ΔNCU08380) mutant exhibits a phenotype similar to the previously identified conidial separation mutants, Δcsp-1 and Δcsp-2, that lack transcription factors important for regulation of conidiation and the circadian clock.
Silicate Emission in the Spitzer IRS Spectrum of FSC 10214+4724

We present the first mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum of the z = 2.2856 ultraluminous infrared galaxy FSC 10214+4724, obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The spectrum spans a rest-wavelength range of 2.3-11.5 μm, covering a number of key diagnostic emission and absorption features. The most prominent feature in the IRS spectrum is the silicate emission at rest-frame ~10 μm. We also detect an unresolved emission line at a rest wavelength of 7.65 μm that we identify with [Ne VI], and a slightly resolved feature at 5.6 μm identified as a blend of [Mg VII] and [Mg V]. There are no strong PAH emission features in the FSC 10214+4724 spectrum. We place a limit of 0.1 μm on the equivalent width of 6.2 μm PAH emission but see no evidence of a corresponding 7.7 μm feature. Semiempirical fits to the spectral energy distribution suggest that ~45% of the bolometric luminosity arises from cold (~50 K) dust, half arises from warm (190 K) dust, and the remainder, ~5%, originates from hot (~640 K) dust. The hot dust is required to fit the blue end of the steep MIR spectrum. The combination of a red continuum, strong silicate emission, little or no PAH emission, and no silicate absorption makes FSC 10214+4724 unlike most other ULIRGs or AGNs observed thus far with the IRS. These apparently contradictory properties may be explained by an AGN that is highly magnified by the lens, masking a (dominant) overlying starburst with unusually weak PAH emission.
Older homeless women’s identity negotiation: agency, resistance, and the construction of a valued self

There is a growing awareness that the adult homeless population is ageing, mirroring the general US population trend. Although men still outnumber women among the adult homeless population, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of women, including older women, seeking shelter each night. The concept of ‘home’ is widely associated with women and serves as a source of identity and social order. Thus, homeless older women represent an intersection of stigma. This qualitative study utilized narrative analysis to investigate the intersectionality of gender, age and homelessness among six homeless urban women in their fifties and early sixties. Findings highlight how older homeless women experience stigmatization within the context of multiple marginalized identities. Data illustrate the women’s agency, resistance and resilience as they engage in ‘identity work’ to address the tension between how others view them and how they view themselves, and construct a sense of a valued life and self.
Fructose-Bisphophate Aldolase Exhibits Functional Roles between Carbon Metabolism and the hrp System in Rice Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola

Fructose-bisphophate aldolase (FbaB), is an enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in living organisms. The mutagenesis in a unique fbaB gene of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf streak, led the pathogen not only unable to use pyruvate and malate for growth and delayed its growth when fructose was used as the sole carbon source, but also reduced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production and impaired bacterial virulence and growth in rice. Intriguingly, the fbaB promoter contains an imperfect PIP-box (plant-inducible promoter) (TTCGT-N9-TTCGT). The expression of fbaB was negatively regulated by a key hrp regulatory HrpG and HrpX cascade. Base substitution in the PIP-box altered the regulation of fbaB with the cascade. Furthermore, the expression of fbaB in X. oryzae pv. oryzicola RS105 strain was inducible in planta rather than in a nutrient-rich medium. Except other hrp-hrc-hpa genes, the expression of hrpG and hrpX was repressed and the transcripts of hrcC, hrpE and hpa3 were enhanced when fbaB was deleted. The mutation in hrcC, hrpE or hpa3 reduced the ability of the pathogen to acquire pyruvate and malate. In addition, bacterial virulence and growth in planta and EPS production in RΔfbaB mutant were completely restored to the wild-type level by the presence of fbaB in trans. This is the first report to demonstrate that carbohydrates, assimilated by X. oryzae pv. oryzicola, play critical roles in coordinating hrp gene expression through a yet unknown regulator.
Reporting and Justifying the Number of Interview Participants in Organization and Workplace Research

In this paper we examine established practice regarding the reporting, justification and number of interview participants chosen within organization and workplace studies. For such qualitative research there is a paucity of discussion across the social sciences, the topic receiving far less attention than its centrality warrants. We analysed 798 articles published in 2003 and 2013 in ten top and second tier academic journals, identifying 248 studies using at least one type of qualitative interview. Participant numbers were contingent on characteristics of the population from which they were chosen and approach to analysis, but not the journal, its tier, editorial base or publication year, the interview type or its duration. Despite lack of transparency in reporting (23.4% of studies did not state participant numbers) we reveal a median of 32.5 participants, numbers ranging from one to 330, and no justification for participant numbers in over half of studies. We discuss implications and, recognizing that different philosophical commitments are likely to imply differing norms, offer recommendations regarding reporting, justification and number of participants. Acknowledging exceptions, dependent upon study purpose and data saliency, these include an organization and workplace research norm of 15−60 participants, alongside credible numbers for planning interview research.
An accelerated proximal gradient algorithm for nuclear norm regularized least squares problems

The affine rank minimization problem, which consists of finding a matrix of minimum rank subject to linear equality constraints, has been proposed in many areas of engineering and science. A specific rank minimization problem is the matrix completion problem, in which we wish to recover a (low-rank) data matrix from incomplete samples of its entries. A recent convex relaxation of the rank minimization problem minimizes the nuclear norm instead of the rank of the matrix. Another possible model for the rank minimization problem is the nuclear norm regularized linear least squares problem. This regularized problem is a special case of an unconstrained nonsmooth convex optimization problem, in which the objective function is the sum of a convex smooth function with Lipschitz continuous gradient and a convex function on a set of matrices. In this paper, we propose an accelerated proximal gradient algorithm, which terminates in O(1/ √ ) iterations with an -optimal solution, to solve this unconstrained nonsmooth convex optimization problem, and in particular, the nuclear norm regularized linear least squares problem. We report numerical results for solving large-scale randomly generated matrix completion problems. The numerical results suggest that our algorithm is efficient and robust in solving large-scale random matrix completion problems. In particular, we are able to solve random matrix completion problems with matrix dimensions up to 105 each in less than 3.5 hours on a modest PC.
Delay-tolerant network experiments on the meshtest wireless testbed

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are a class of networks in which a contemporaneous end-to-end path from source to destination generally does not exist. Such networks use on a store-carry-forward communication model which relies on the mobility of nodes to transfer data between geographically separated nodes. DTN researchers have relied heavily on simulation for evaluation, due to the difficulty and expense of running live experiments with real devices running real DTN implementations. MeshTest is a laboratory-based multi-hop wireless testbed that subjects real wireless nodes running real DTN implementations to reproducible mobile scenarios. It uses shielded enclosures and an RF matrix switch to dynamically control the attenuation experienced between pairs of nodes. The testbed is an ideal platform for DTN testing, offering convenient experimental control and data management. We have installed the DTN2 Reference Implementation on wireless nodes within the testbed, and in this paper, we report on a series of experiments based on the well-known Data MULE model. Specifically, we investigate the effects of buffer limitations on the data MULEs and sensors node, velocity of the data MULEs, and bundle generation size and rate. We report results on message delivery rate and latency for varying experimental parameters. We found that an encounter between nodes does not guarantee a successful data transfer. In our experience, the quality and duration of the link, contention, and load on the nodes all influence its performance.
in Regulation of Cytokine Signaling Transactivator: A Role for PRDM1/Blimp-1 Induction of Class II g Repression of IFN-Reuben

MHC class II is expressed in restricted lineages and is modulated in response to pathogens and inﬂammatory stimuli. This expression is controlled by MHC CIITA , which is transcribed from multiple promoters. Although factors required for induction of CIITA are well characterized, less is known about the mechanisms leading to repression of this gene. During plasma cell differentiation, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (PRDM1/Blimp-1) represses promoter (p)III of CIITA , responsible for constitutive expression in B cells. pIV is inducible by IFN- (cid:1) in epithelia, macrophages and B cells. An IFN regulatory factor-element (IRF-E) in CIITA -pIV, which is bound by IRF-1 and IRF-2, is necessary for this response. This site matches the PRDM1/ Blimp-1 consensus binding site, and PRDM1/Blimp-1 is expressed in cell lineages in which this promoter is operative. We, therefore, investigated whether PRDM1 regulates CIITA -pIV and found that PRDM1 bound to CIITA -pIV in vivo and the IRF-E in vitro. PRDM1 repressed IFN- (cid:1) -mediated induction of a CIITA -pIV luciferase reporter in a fashion dependent on an intact consensus sequence and competes with IRF-1/IRF-2 for binding to the IRF-E and promoter activation. In human myeloma cell lines that express IRFs, PRDM1 occupancy of CIITA -pIV was associated with resistance to IFN- (cid:1) stimulation, while short interfering RNA knockdown of PRDM1 led to up-regulation of CIITA . Our data indicate that PRDM1 is a repressor of CIITA -pIV, identifying a target of particular relevance to macrophages and epithelia. These ﬁndings support a model in which PRDM1/ Blimp-1 can
Determining relevance of accesses at runtime

Consider the situation where a query is to be answered using Web sources that restrict the accesses that can be made on backend relational data by requiring some attributes to be given as input of the service. The accesses provide lookups on the collection of attributes values that match the binding. They can differ in whether or not they require arguments to be generated from prior accesses. Prior work has focused on the question of whether a query can be answered using a set of data sources, and in developing static access plans (e.g., Datalog programs) that implement query answering. We are interested in dynamic aspects of the query answering problem: given partial information about the data, which accesses could provide relevant data for answering a given query? We consider immediate and long-term notions of "relevant accesses", and ascertain the complexity of query relevance, for both conjunctive queries and arbitrary positive queries. In the process, we relate dynamic relevance of an access to query containment under access limitations and characterize the complexity of this problem; we produce several complexity results about containment that are of interest by themselves.
On the Delay-Throughput Tradeo in Multi-User Wireless Networks

An asymptotic analysis for the delay-throughput of a single-hop wireless network with K links, operating in bandwidth W , is considered. The links are assumed to be partitioned into M clusters, each operating in a subchannel with bandwidth W M . The analysis relies basically on the distributed on-off power allocation strategy proposed in [1] and [2]. Our analysis consists of two parts. The first part deals with the throughput of the network in terms of M and under the shadowing effect with probability α. Assuming the Rayleigh fading channel model, it is proved that the maximum achievable throughput of the network for every value of 1 ≤ M ≤ K and 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 is obtained at M = 1. In the second part, we present the delay characteristics of the underlying network. It is proved that for M ∼ o(K) and 0 < α ≤ 1, where α is fixed, the delay threshold that makes the dropping probability of the link tend to zero, while achieving the maximum throughput, scales as ω( n log n ), where n = K M . We also present the similar arguments for the minimum delays in each cluster and the whole network. An asymptotic analysis shows that the delay improves without any significant impact on the the throughput. Index Terms Sum-rate maximization, delay-throughput tradeoff, dropping probability, shadow-fading. This work is financially supported by Communications and Information Technology Ontario (CITO), Nortel Networks, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The authors are affiliated with the Coding and Signal Transmission Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada, Tel: 519-884-8552, Fax: 519-888-4338, Emails: {jabouei, alireza, masoud, khandani}@cst.uwaterloo. ca.
Stellar Archaeology: A Keck Pilot Program on Extremely Metal-poor Stars from the Hamburg/ESO Survey. I. Stellar Parameters

In this series of two papers, we present a high-dispersion spectroscopic analysis of eight candidate extremely metal-poor stars selected from the Hamburg/ESO Survey (HES) and of six additional very metal-poor stars. We demonstrate that with suitable vetting using moderate-resolution spectra, the yield of this survey for stars with [Fe/H] ≤ -3.0 dex is very high; three out of the eight stars observed thus far at high resolution from the HES are actually that metal-poor, three more have [Fe/H] ≤ -2.8 dex, and the remainder are only slightly more metal-rich. In preparation for a large-scale effort to mine the HES database for such stars about to get under way, we lay out in this paper the basic principles we intend to use to determine in a uniform way the stellar parameters Teff, log g, and reddening.
Associations between procrastination, personality, perfectionism, self-esteem and locus of control

ABSTRACT To date, many variables but particularly trait-like psychological constructs have been found to strongly contribute to procrastination but the complex relations among these variables collectively have received almost no attention. The purpose of the study was to provide a more profound understanding of the relations between procrastination, perfectionism, big five personality, locus of control and self-esteem. Young adults (162 women, 80 men: M = 20.98) completed measures of academic procrastination, self-esteem, big five personality, perfectionism and locus of control. Parental criticism was a significant correlate of procrastination, while personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness and organisation were inversely associated with procrastination behaviour. These findings suggest that personality-based intervention approaches with the inclusion of family can be more influential in procrastination prevention and treatment.
A Comparative Study of Statistical Learning and Adaptive Learning

Numerous strategies have been adopted in order to make the process of learning simple, efficient and within less amount of time. Classroom learning is slowly replaced by E-learning and M- learning. These techniques involve the usage of computers, smart phones and tablets for the process of learning. Learning from the internet has become popular among the e-learners where learner tends to rely greatly upon information provided by the World Wide Web. However, the e-learners have to go through a huge volume of data produced by the first tier search engine, some of which are not suited to the interest of the user. Various strategies, namely Statistical Learning and Adaptive Learning, have been adopted to cater to the need of the user and produce data best suited to the interest of the user. The authors have tried to present a comparative study of Statistical Learning and Adaptive Learning based on certain parameters, which arise from the characteristics of the learning process. As a consequence of the comparative study, it has been concluded that Adaptive learning is more efficient than Statistical learning.
Own-race and own-age biases facilitate visual awareness of faces under interocular suppression

The detection of a face in a visual scene is the first stage in the face processing hierarchy. Although all subsequent, more elaborate face processing depends on the initial detection of a face, surprisingly little is known about the perceptual mechanisms underlying face detection. Recent evidence suggests that relatively hard-wired face detection mechanisms are broadly tuned to all face-like visual patterns as long as they respect the typical spatial configuration of the eyes above the mouth. Here, we qualify this notion by showing that face detection mechanisms are also sensitive to face shape and facial surface reflectance properties. We used continuous flash suppression (CFS) to render faces invisible at the beginning of a trial and measured the time upright and inverted faces needed to break into awareness. Young Caucasian adult observers were presented with faces from their own race or from another race (race experiment) and with faces from their own age group or from another age group (age experiment). Faces matching the observers’ own race and age group were detected more quickly. Moreover, the advantage of upright over inverted faces in overcoming CFS, i.e., the face inversion effect (FIE), was larger for own-race and own-age faces. These results demonstrate that differences in face shape and surface reflectance influence access to awareness and configural face processing at the initial detection stage. Although we did not collect data from observers of another race or age group, these findings are a first indication that face detection mechanisms are shaped by visual experience with faces from one’s own social group. Such experience-based fine-tuning of face detection mechanisms may equip in-group faces with a competitive advantage for access to conscious awareness.