Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBRE REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE LAMINATED COMPOSITES

Pineapple leaf fibre which is rich in cellulose,relatively inexpensive and abundantly available has the potential to be used as reinforcement in polymer composite.The present research investigates the tensile, flexural and impact behaviours of pineapple leaf fibrepolypropylene(PALF-PP) composites as a function of volume fraction.Composites specimens with the dimensions of 115 mm x 19 mm and 127 mm x 12.7 mm were cut from the 3 mm thickness laminates to determine tensile and flexural properties using an Universal Testing machine. Specimen with dimensions 63.5 x 12.7 x 3.0 mm were used for Izod impact test was using a TMI pendulum tester The tensile modulus and tensile strength of the composites were found to be increased with fibre content in accordance with the rule of mixtures. The tensile modulus and tensile strength with a volume fraction 10.8 % are 687.02 MPa and 37.28 MPa respectively. The flexural modulus gives higher value at 2.7 % volume fraction.The flexural strength of the composites containing 5.4 % volume fraction was found to be higher than that of pure polypropylene resin by 5.1 %. At 2.7 % volume fraction,the work of fracture is about 6.1 % higher than that of virgin polypropylene. However, at higher percentage volume fraction (5.4 %, 10.8 % and 16.2 %) the work of fracture decrease by about 19.2 % and then 2.7 % of volume fraction.The reasons why flexural and impact properties gave lower values for volume fraction above 5.4 % are possibly due to the fibre-to-fibre interaction,void and dispersion problems. This was confirmed by the micrographs of scanning electron microscopic (SEM). Studies on SEM micrographs were carried out to understand the fibre –matrix adhesion and fibre breakage
APRIORI-SD: ADAPTING ASSOCIATION RULE LEARNING TO SUBGROUP DISCOVERY

This paper presents a subgroup discovery algorithm APRIORI-SD, developed by adapting association rule learning to subgroup discovery. The paper contributes to subgroup discovery, to a better understanding of the weighted covering algorithm, and the properties of the weighted relative accuracy heuristic by analyzing their performance in the ROC space. An experimental comparison with rule learners CN2, RIPPER, and APRIORI-C on UCI data sets demonstrates that APRIORI-SD produces substantially smaller rulesets, where individual rules have higher coverage and significance. APRIORI-SD is also compared to subgroup discovery algorithms CN2-SD and SubgroupMiner. The comparisons performed on U.K. traffic accident data show that APRIORI-SD is a competitive subgroup discovery algorithm.
Laser micro‐dissection and qPCR for identifying specific HPV types responsible for malignancy in penile lesions

The aim of the study was to identify specific human papillomavirus (HPV) type responsible for malignancy in penile tissue samples using laser micro‐dissection and TaqMan quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). The study was based on two pre‐malignant and seven malignant penile tissue samples and laser micro‐dissection was performed on all. Genotyping was performed on whole tissue sections and laser micro‐dissection samples using qPCR. Two whole tissue section samples were HPV negative while seven were HPV positive. In four samples that were single HPV infections with whole tissue section PCR, identical HPV types were confirmed with laser micro‐dissection PCR. Clearly confirming that the single HPV type detected is responsible for malignancy. In two samples that had multiple HPV infections with whole tissue section PCR, only one HPV type with the highest viral load was detected with laser micro‐dissection PCR, suggesting that the HPV type with the highest viral load is most likely the cause of that particular lesion. HPV 11 and/or HPV 16 were the only types detected with laser micro‐dissection PCR in these cases, compared to multiple HPV types (HPV 11, HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 31, HPV 33, HPV 35, and HPV 39) initially detected with whole tissue section PCR. HPV 11 was associated with verrucous lesions while HPV 16 was associated with squamous cell carcinoma and PIN 3 lesions. This study confirms that laser micro‐dissection and qPCR are essential tools in identifying the HPV types responsible for malignancy in penile lesions, particularly in samples with multiple infections. J. Med. Virol. 87:1761–1768, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atomic charges, dipole moments, and Fukui functions using the Hirshfeld partitioning of the electron density

In the Hirshfeld partitioning of the electron density, the molecular electron density is decomposed in atomic contributions, proportional to the weight of the isolated atom density in the promolecule density, constructed by superimposing the isolated atom electron densities placed on the positions the atoms have in the molecule. A maximal conservation of the information of the isolated atoms in the atoms‐in‐molecules is thereby secured. Atomic charges, atomic dipole moments, and Fukui functions resulting from the Hirshfeld partitioning of the electron density are computed for a large series of molecules. In a representative set of organic and hypervalent molecules, they are compared with other commonly used population analysis methods. The expected bond polarities are recovered, but the charges are much smaller compared to other methods. Condensed Fukui functions for a large number of molecules, undergoing an electrophilic or a nucleophilic attack, are computed and compared with the HOMO and LUMO densities, integrated over the Hirshfeld atoms in molecules. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 12: 1198–1209, 2002
Broken Bioabsorbable Femoral Cross-Pin after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendon Graft

Hamstring tendon grafts have increasingly been used for ACL reconstruction, with comparable results reported to those of bone–patellar tendon grafts. In ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafts, fixation of the grafts has been regarded as one of the weak points. Recently, a variety of fixation devices have been developed and widely used with satisfactory results. Cross-pin femoral fixation is a new strategy of fixation that transversely places the pin through the femoral tunnel. Several products using bioabsorbable femoral crosspins, such as the RigidFix system (Mitek Products, Norwood, Mass), Cross-screw system (Stryker, Kalamazoo, Mich), and Transfix-II system (Arthrex, Naples, Fla) have been developed. The RigidFix system uses 2 parallel bioabsorbable pins that pierce the strands of the graft perpendicularly in the femoral tunnel. Biomechanical studies have shown that the biomechanical properties of the RigidFix are better than or comparable to those of interference screws. Although Clark et al mentioned 3 cases of pin migration in a stainless steel cross-pin system, to our knowledge, no cases of complications involving the bioabsorbable cross-pin system have been reported. We present a case in which 1 of the 2 bioabsorbable pins used for femoral fixation broke and migrated into the joint cavity 1 year postoperatively, after the graft had been incorporated at the femoral site. The patient was unable to return to preinjury level of activity until the broken pin was removed. The patient was informed that information regarding his case would be submitted for publication.
Global Functional Atlas of Escherichia coli Encompassing Previously Uncharacterized Proteins

One-third of the 4,225 protein-coding genes of Escherichia coli K-12 remain functionally unannotated (orphans). Many map to distant clades such as Archaea, suggesting involvement in basic prokaryotic traits, whereas others appear restricted to E. coli, including pathogenic strains. To elucidate the orphans' biological roles, we performed an extensive proteomic survey using affinity-tagged E. coli strains and generated comprehensive genomic context inferences to derive a high-confidence compendium for virtually the entire proteome consisting of 5,993 putative physical interactions and 74,776 putative functional associations, most of which are novel. Clustering of the respective probabilistic networks revealed putative orphan membership in discrete multiprotein complexes and functional modules together with annotated gene products, whereas a machine-learning strategy based on network integration implicated the orphans in specific biological processes. We provide additional experimental evidence supporting orphan participation in protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, biofilm formation, motility, and assembly of the bacterial cell envelope. This resource provides a “systems-wide” functional blueprint of a model microbe, with insights into the biological and evolutionary significance of previously uncharacterized proteins.
Glypican-3 Expression Distinguishes Small Hepatocellular Carcinomas From Cirrhosis, Dysplastic Nodules, and Focal Nodular Hyperplasia-like Nodules

Distinguishing small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other types of small focal lesions that occur in a cirrhotic liver can be difficult on the basis of morphologic features alone. We investigated whether the expression of glypican-3 (GPC3) could be an ancillary tool in the histopathologic diagnostic process. We performed immunohistochemistry for GPC3 on 16 low-grade dysplastic nodules, 33 high-grade dysplastic nodules, 13 focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules, and 59 HCCs with a diameter less or equal to 3 cm present in the cirrhotic liver of 66 patients. Both resected lesions and lesions biopsied by needle were included and nonlesional cirrhotic parenchyma was also stained. In a subset of cases (23 samples of cirrhosis, 4 low-grade dysplastic nodules, 5 high-grade dysplastic nodules, 2 focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules, and 18 HCCs), real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for GPC3 was performed. GPC3 expression was, both on immunohistochemistry and by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, much higher in small HCCs than in cirrhosis and other types of small focal lesions, indicating that the transition from premalignant lesions to small HCC is associated with a sharp increase of GPC3 expression in a majority of cases. The sensitivity and specificity of a positive GPC3-staining for the diagnosis of HCC in small focal lesions was 0.77 and 0.96, respectively, in resected cases, and 0.83 and 1, respectively, for needle biopsies. Because the result of the staining was easily interpretable, immunohistochemistry for GPC3 is valuable ancillary tool in the histopathologic diagnosis of small focal lesions in cirrhosis.
World Knowledge as Indirect Supervision for Document Clustering

One of the key obstacles in making learning protocols realistic in applications is the need to supervise them, a costly process that often requires hiring domain experts. We consider the framework to use the world knowledge as indirect supervision. World knowledge is general-purpose knowledge, which is not designed for any specific domain. Then, the key challenges are how to adapt the world knowledge to domains and how to represent it for learning. In this article, we provide an example of using world knowledge for domain-dependent document clustering. We provide three ways to specify the world knowledge to domains by resolving the ambiguity of the entities and their types, and represent the data with world knowledge as a heterogeneous information network. Then, we propose a clustering algorithm that can cluster multiple types and incorporate the sub-type information as constraints. In the experiments, we use two existing knowledge bases as our sources of world knowledge. One is Freebase, which is collaboratively collected knowledge about entities and their organizations. The other is YAGO2, a knowledge base automatically extracted from Wikipedia and maps knowledge to the linguistic knowledge base, WordNet. Experimental results on two text benchmark datasets (20newsgroups and RCV1) show that incorporating world knowledge as indirect supervision can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art clustering algorithms as well as clustering algorithms enhanced with world knowledge features. A preliminary version of this work appeared in the proceedings of KDD 2015 [Wang et al. 2015a]. This journal version has made several major improvements. First, we have proposed a new and general learning framework for machine learning with world knowledge as indirect supervision, where document clustering is a special case in the original paper. Second, in order to make our unsupervised semantic parsing method more understandable, we add several real cases from the original sentences to the resulting logic forms with all the necessary information. Third, we add details of the three semantic filtering methods and conduct deep analysis of the three semantic filters, by using case studies to show why the conceptualization-based semantic filter can produce more accurate indirect supervision. Finally, in addition to the experiment on 20 newsgroup data and Freebase, we have extended the experiments on clustering results by using all the combinations of text (20 newsgroup, MCAT, CCAT, ECAT) and world knowledge sources (Freebase, YAGO2).
Near Optimal Subdivision Algorithms for Real Root Isolation

Isolating real roots of a square-free polynomial in a given interval is a fundamental problem. Subdivision based algorithms are a standard approach to solve this problem. E.g., Sturm's method,or various algorithms based on the Descartes's rule of signs. For isolating all the real roots of a degree n polynomial with root separation σ, the subdivision tree size of most of these algorithms is bounded by O(log 1/σ) (assume σ < 1). Recently Sagraloff (2012) and Sagraloff-Mehlhorn (2013) have developed algorithms that combine subdivision with Newton iteration to reduce the size of the subdivision tree to O(n (log (nlog 1/σ))). Their algorithms and analysis crucially depend on the terminating predicates. We describe a subroutine that improves the running time of any subdivision algorithm for real root isolation. The subdivision tree size of our algorithm using predicates based on the Descartes's rule of signs is bounded by O(nlog n). Our analysis differs in two key aspects from earlier approaches. First, we use the general technique of continuous amortization from Burr-Krahmer-Yap (2009), and hence the analysis extends to other predicates; and second, we use the geometry of clusters of roots instead of root bounds.
How to learn an unknown environment

The authors consider the problem faced by a newborn that must explore and learn an unknown room with obstacles in it. They seek algorithms that achieve a bounded ratio of the worst-case distance traversed in order to see all visible points of the environment (thus creating a map), divided by the optimum distance needed to verify the map. The situation is complicated by the fact that the latter offline problem (optimally verifying a map) is NP-hard and thus must be solved approximately. Although the authors show that there is no such competitive algorithm for general obstacle courses, they give a competitive algorithm for the case of a polygonal room with a bounded number of obstacles in it. <<ETX>>
Sex Education in Rural Schools of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Abstract This study reports part of the findings of an ongoing study, which aimed to capture views about how sex-related content is addressed at three rural secondary schools in the province of Mpumalanga. The study captured the views of 14 Life Orientation teachers, of whom 9 were females and 5 were males in the age range of 30 and 45 years. The sample was selected purposefully on the basis that they had undergone sex education training offered by the Department of Education. Data were collected using qualitative research methods involving individual and focus group interviews. The findings of data which were analysed for content reveal teachers’ preference to: (a) outsource the services to other non-teaching professionals, (b) omit the content which they consider sensitive and c) to postpone sex-related lesson until the year ends. The paper concludes that if teacher education and in-service training programmes are not intensified to equip teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to address sex education in schools; and if some of the beliefs about the subject are not challenged, South Africa may fail in the fight against sex-related problems which continue to scourge lives of young people.
Passivity and Stability Boundaries for Haptic Systems With Time Delay

This paper presents a passivity and a stability analysis of a one degree of freedom haptic device that is interacting with a virtual wall. These two analyses take into account the influence of a human operator and time delay. A peculiarity of the presented approach is the exact combination of discrete- and continuous-time elements, which reveals fundamental parameter dependencies for passivity and stability. These dependencies do not only differ in scale for passivity and stability, but consist in substantially different relations. By using realistic parameter ranges for human arms, this paper clearly illustrates that the maximum stable stiffness of virtual walls is far higher than admitted by passivity. Responsible for this great disparity is the limited stiffness of real human arms, as passivity covers a stiffness range that is orders of magnitudes larger than feasible. Finally, useful guidelines for designing stable haptic systems are concluded.
The Annual Cycle of the Energy Budget. Part I: Global Mean and Land–Ocean Exchanges

Abstract The mean and annual cycle of energy flowing into the climate system and its storage, release, and transport in the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface are estimated with recent observations. An emphasis is placed on establishing internally consistent quantitative estimates with discussion and assessment of uncertainty. At the top of the atmosphere (TOA), adjusted radiances from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) are used, while in the atmosphere the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis and 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) estimates are used. The net upward surface flux (FS) over ocean is derived as the residual of the TOA and atmospheric energy budgets, and is compared with direct calculations of ocean heat content (OE) and its tendency (δOE/δt) from several ocean temperature datasets. Over land, FS from a .
Teledermatology: a review

Teledermatology holds great potential for revolutionizing the delivery of dermatology services, providing equitable service to remote areas and allowing primary care physicians to refer patients to dermatology centres of excellence at a distance. However, before its routine application as a service tool, its reliability, accuracy and cost‐effectiveness need to be verified by rigorous evaluation. Teledermatology can be applied in one of two ways: it may be conducted in real‐time, utilizing videoconferencing equipment, or by store‐and‐forward methods, when transmitted digital images or photographs are submitted with a clinical history. While there is a considerable range of reported accuracy and reliability, evidence suggests that teledermatology will become increasingly utilized and incorporated into more conventional dermatology service delivery systems. Studies to date have generally found that real‐time dermatology is likely to allow greater clinical information to be obtained from the patient. This may result in fewer patients requiring conventional consultations, but it is generally more time‐consuming and costly to the health service provider. It is often favoured by the patient because of the instantaneous nature of the diagnosis and management regimen for the condition, and it has educational value to the primary care physician. Store‐and‐forward systems of teledermatology often give high levels of diagnostic accuracy, and are cheaper and more convenient for the health care provider, but lack the immediacy of patient contact with the dermatologist, and involve a delay in obtaining the diagnosis and advice on management. It is increasingly likely that teledermatology will prove to be a significant tool in the provision of dermatology services in the future. These services will probably be provided by store‐and‐forward digital image systems, with real‐time videoconferencing being used for case conferences and education. However, much more research is needed into the outcomes and limitations of such a service and its effect on waiting lists, as well as possible cost benefits for patients, primary health care professionals and dermatology departments.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Peptidorhamnomannans of Scedosporium apiospermum Enhance the Pathogenicity of the Fungus

Scedosporium apiospermum is part of the Pseudallescheria-Scedosporium complex. Peptidorhamnomannans (PRMs) are cell wall glycopeptides present in some fungi, and their structures have been characterized in S. apiospermum, S. prolificans and Sporothrix schenckii. Prior work shows that PRMs can interact with host cells and that the glycopeptides are antigenic. In the present study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, IgG1) to S. apiospermum derived PRM were generated and their effects on S. apiospermum were examined in vitro and in vivo. The mAbs recognized a carbohydrate epitope on PRM. In culture, addition of the PRM mAbs increased S. apiospermum conidia germination and reduced conidial phagocytosis by J774.16 macrophages. In a murine infection model, mice treated with antibodies to PRM died prior to control animals. Thus, PRM is involved in morphogenesis and the binding of this glycopeptide by mAbs enhanced the virulence of the fungus. Further insights into the effects of these glycopeptides on the pathobiology of S. apiospermum may lead to new avenues for preventing and treating scedosporiosis.
Conditional topical coding: an efficient topic model conditioned on rich features

Probabilistic topic models have shown remarkable success in many application domains. However, a probabilistic conditional topic model can be extremely inefficient when considering a rich set of features because it needs to define a normalized distribution, which usually involves a hard-to-compute partition function. This paper presents conditional topical coding (CTC), a novel formulation of conditional topic models which is non-probabilistic. CTC relaxes the normalization constraints as in probabilistic models and learns non-negative document codes and word codes. CTC does not need to define a normalized distribution and can efficiently incorporate a rich set of features for improved topic discovery and prediction tasks. Moreover, CTC can directly control the sparsity of inferred representations by using appropriate regularization. We develop an efficient and easy-to-implement coordinate descent learning algorithm, of which each coding substep has a closed-form solution. Finally, we demonstrate the advantages of CTC on online review analysis datasets. Our results show that conditional topical coding can achieve state-of-the-art prediction performance and is much more efficient in training (one order of magnitude faster) and testing (two orders of magnitude faster) than probabilistic conditional topic models.
Inverse Rayleigh Software Reliability Growth Model

A Non Homogenous Poisson Process (NHPP) with its mean value function generated by the cumulative distribution function of inverse Rayleigh distribution is considered. It is modeled to assess the failure phenomenon of a developed software. When the failure data is in the form of number of failures in a given interval of time the model parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The performance of the model using four data sets is discussed in comparison with existing models.