Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curriculum strategy framework: investigating patterns in teachers’ use of a reform‐based elementary mathematics curriculum

The goal of this paper is to introduce the curriculum strategy framework as a way to characterize teachers’ interactions with curriculum materials. The framework focuses on three key interpretive activities: reading, evaluating, and adapting curriculum materials. Describing an individual teacher’s curriculum strategy involves identifying the manner in which a teacher engages with each of these activities before, during, and after instruction. This paper presents the results of a study in which the framework was used to identify patterns in the curriculum strategies of 10 elementary‐school teachers who were using a reform‐based mathematics curriculum for the first time. It concludes with directions for further research using the curriculum strategy framework, and implications of this work for curriculum designers.
Causal attribution, perceived control, and recovery from a heart attack.

At 7 weeks and at 1 year after their first heart attack, 269 men were interviewed about their causal attributions for the attack and their perceptions of personal control over this and future attacks. They and their treating physicians also provided information on the severity of cardiac disease symptoms at 1 year. Attributions to personal behavior, stress, other people, luck, and heredity, and the total number of attributions for the attack, were moderately stable over the time span studied. At each time, subjects accorded relatively greater causal influence to personal behavior and stress. These two attributions were also associated with beliefs that the attack was avoidable and that further attacks could be prevented by personal actions as well. The 7-week attributions and perceived control did not predict illness severity at 1 year. Analyses that controlled for earlier attributions and social class showed that patients with more severe illness at 1 year made greater attributions to other people and to.
Teacher Acceptability of Functional Assessment-Derived Treatments

This study examines whether teachers find a treatment clearly linked to a functional assessment more acceptable than treatments based on arbitrarily selected reinforcers. We randomly assigned 111 elementary school teachers to 3 experimental conditions. In all conditions, a problem vignette was read that included the same functional assessment summary but varied according to whether the treatment recommendation was linked to the assessment results. A one-way analysis of variance revealed significantly higher pretreatment acceptability ratings and likelihood of use for the treatment linked to assessment. Implications of these results for school-based consultation are discussed.
Chapter 15. Ethical Practice Issues in Rural Perspective

SUMMARY Community context has been viewed for more than two decades as the central organizing frame for rural social work practice. Ethical decision-making is complicated by multiple relationships with colleagues, caregiving family members, and elders that are common in rural areas. In order to address these complex situations, a model for multilevel contextual ethical analysis is proposed. The assumption that moral deliberations are based in social relationships is the foundation for contextual ethical analysis. An expanded unit of analysis that includes considering the influence of multiple persons and institutions at multiple levels is an integral part of contextual ethical analysis that supports social workers' efforts to equalize power. Engagement in consciousness raising concerning ethical dimensions of the links between private troubles and public policies is essential. Ethically responsible practice thus includes identifying the ethical foundation for collective political action that promotes social and economic justice by expanding available options when readily available solutions are unjust.
The Second Tier of Local Government in Europe: Provinces, Counties, Départements and Landkreise in Comparison by Hubert Heinelt and Xavier Bertrana (eds). Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. 368pp., £80.00, ISBN 9780415602570

to information exchange through Europol) and unsuccessfully, and how institutions operate and their members act on issues of national and international security. This is a clear, systematic and informative piece of analysis. Although the methodological, theoretical and empirical approaches used throughout are familiar, they serve the purpose of the analysis well. The division between preand post-9/11 analysis adds an interesting point of comparison with some significant results. However, the quality of the statistical evidence is inconsistent and this hinders the reliability of certain conclusions and raises questions over particular comparative aspects. Admittedly, this problem is acknowledged by Brown and is a shortcoming of the EU and its member states as opposed to inadequate research on the part of the author. Brown’s contribution casts the EU in a critical light, questioning whether EU member states have, in their own words, succeeded in ‘adding value’ on issues of counter-terrorism and police cooperation.
Implications of economic reform in Vietnam: agrarian and environmental change in Hien Luong

Abstract Economic reform in Vietnam has been pervasive. To date, there have been few studies of the wider implications of reform outside urban and lowland agricultural areas. This study of agrarian and environmental change in a mountainous commune in north‐western Vietnam shows some of the consequences of the transitional economy for more peripheral communities and ecosystems. The study focuses on some key aspects of change, notably large scale infrastructure development, decollectivisation and the emergence of a market economy. It also investigates recent initiatives such as forest land allocation and small‐scale irrigation development within a more decentralised administrative and economic framework.
Work-competitive scheduling for cooperative computing with dynamic groups

The problem of cooperatively performing a set of t tasks in a decentralized setting where the computing medium is subject to failures is one of the fundamental problems in distributed computing. The setting with partitionable networks is especially challenging, as algorithmic solutions must accommodate the possibility that groups of processors become disconnected (and, perhaps, reconnected) during the computation. The efficiency of task-performing algorithms is often assessed in terms of their work: the total number of tasks, counting multiplicities, performed by all of the processors during the computation. In general, an adversary that is able to partition the network into g components can cause any task-performing algorithm to have work Ω(t•g) even if each group of processors performs no more than the optimal number of Θ(t) tasks.Given such pessimistic lower bounds, and in order to understand better the practical implications of performing work in partitionable settings, we study distributed work-scheduling andpursue a competitiveanalysis. Specifically, we study asimple randomized scheduling algorithm for p asynchronous processors, connected by a dynamically changing communication medium, to complete t known tasks. We compare the performance of the algorithm against that of an "off-line" algorithm with full knowledge of the future changes in the communication medium. We describe a notion of computation width, which associates a natural number with a history of changes in the communication medium, and show both upper and lower bounds on competitiveness in terms of this quantity. Specifically, we show that a simple randomized algorithm obtains the competitive ratio (1+cw/e), where cw is computation width; we then show that this ratio is tight.
Long-term outcome of localized high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with high dose CHOP regimen and involved field radiotherapy: results of a GOELAMS study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Most patients with localized high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) can be cured with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. However few data are available on the long-term outcome of these patients. Here we report the results of a prospective study, started in 1984, which was conducted to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with localized high-grade NHL. DESIGN AND METHODS In this multicenter, prospective study by the GOELAMS group, 253 patients with localized high-grade NHL were treated with 3 cycles of vindesine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and prednisone (VCAP, a high-dose CHOP regimen) followed by involved field radiotherapy (40 Gy). RESULTS After completion of chemotherapy, 213 patients (84%) entered complete remission (CR) and 30 (12%) obtained a partial remission. Treatment failed in 6 patients (2.5%) and there were 4 toxic deaths (1.5%). Following radiotherapy, 239 (94%) of all patients were in CR. With a median follow-up of 88 months, overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 84% and 85% respectively at five years, and 78% and 82% respectively at ten years. The response to chemotherapy was decisive to survival. We observed 43 relapses (17%) at a median time of 20 months after CR, and 9 patients relapsed after five years. Eleven patients (3%) developed another malignancy in the follow-up period. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS High-dose CHOP followed by locoregional radiotherapy is a feasible treatment for localized high-grade NHL. It has very few complications, a good CR rate and the OS is 78% at 10 years.
The subscale structure and clinical utility of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale

Background: The Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) has been adopted with enthusiasm by service providers and clinicians, but criticism regarding the appropriate factor structure has emerged. Aims: The current study aimed to determine an appropriate factor structure that is both psychometrically sound and clinically meaningful. Method: HoNOS data for 6475 inpatients at admission and 6308 at discharge from an Australian psychiatric clinic were assessed in two studies. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analyses support the use of a new four factor model that includes anti-social, physical and psychological impairment, symptom, and socio-economic factors. The four factor structure demonstrated greater sensitivity to change than alternatives and factorial stability. In addition, the model is both parsimonious and clinically useful. Conclusions: When administering the HoNOS for patients with mood and/or anxiety disorders, it appears the new four factor model is an appropriate means of interpreting scores.
Co-occurrence Retrieval: A Flexible Framework for Lexical Distributional Similarity

Techniques that exploit knowledge of distributional similarity between words have been proposed in many areas of Natural Language Processing. For example, in language modeling, the sparse data problem can be alleviated by estimating the probabilities of unseen co-occurrences of events from the probabilities of seen co-occurrences of similar events. In other applications, distributional similarity is taken to be an approximation to semantic similarity. However, due to the wide range of potential applications and the lack of a strict definition of the concept of distributional similarity, many methods of calculating distributional similarity have been proposed or adopted. In this work, a flexible, parameterized framework for calculating distributional similarity is proposed. Within this framework, the problem of finding distributionally similar words is cast as one of co-occurrence retrieval (CR) for which precision and recall can be measured by analogy with the way they are measured in document retrieval. As will be shown, a number of popular existing measures of distributional similarity are simulated with parameter settings within the CR framework. In this article, the CR framework is then used to systematically investigate three fundamental questions concerning distributional similarity. First, is the relationship of lexical similarity necessarily symmetric, or are there advantages to be gained from considering it as an asymmetric relationship? Second, are some co-occurrences inherently more salient than others in the calculation of distributional similarity? Third, is it necessary to consider the difference in the extent to which each word occurs in each co-occurrence type? Two application-based tasks are used for evaluation: automatic thesaurus generation and pseudo-disambiguation. It is possible to achieve significantly better results on both these tasks by varying the parameters within the CR framework rather than using other existing distributional similarity measures; it will also be shown that any single unparameterized measure is unlikely to be able to do better on both tasks. This is due to an inherent asymmetry in lexical substitutability and therefore also in lexical distributional similarity.
Type 1 diabetes-associated antibodies during pregnancy and in infancy

There is evidence that the process leading to type 1 diabetes may start in early infancy or even in utero, with a prodrome of variable duration preceding clinical manifestation. The purpose of the present work was to learn more about the occurrence and significance of humoral beta-cell autoimmunity during pregnancy and in infancy, to search for possible signs of prenatal or early postnatal induction of beta-cell autoimmunity and to explore the role of enterovirus infections as potential triggers of such autoimmunity. The population comprised mothers and their newborn infants from families with type 1 diabetes who had entered the first (n=20) or the second pilot study (n=208) of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR). Almost 40% of the mothers with type 1 diabetes had antibodies to islet cells (ICA), 55% to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and 54% to the IA-2 protein (IA-2A) in the two samples taken during pregnancy, where the frequencies for the unaffected mothers were 5%, 5% and 3%, respectively. All autoantibody specificities were detected in the cord blood largely at the same frequencies as in the maternal circulation. In addition, ICA was found in 2.7%, GADA in 0.6%, IA-2A in 0.3% and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) in 0.1% out of a series of 1002 cord blood samples from infants representing the normal population. None of the infants of the autoantibodynegative mothers in these series had autoantibodies detectable in their cord blood. The rate of decline of transplacentally transferred autoantibodies during the first months of life was observed to be similar to that reported for the disappearance of maternally acquired IgG antibodies, the estimated mean elimination time ranging from 3.1-4.5 months. The higher the initial autoantibody level, the longer was the elimination time, and transplacentally transferred autoantibodies were occasionally detected up to the age of 9-12 months, and even at 15 months in a
Layer-specific network oscillation and spatiotemporal receptive field in the visual cortex

A quintessential feature of the neocortex is its laminar organization, and characterizing the activity patterns in different layers is an important step in understanding cortical processing. Using in vivo whole-cell recordings in rat visual cortex, we show that the temporal patterns of ongoing synaptic inputs to pyramidal neurons exhibit clear laminar specificity. Although low-frequency (∼2 Hz) activity is widely observed in layer 2/3 (L2/3), a narrow-band fast oscillation (10–15 Hz) is prominent in layer 5 (L5). This fast oscillation is carried exclusively by excitatory inputs. Moreover, the frequency of ongoing activity is strongly correlated with the spatiotemporal window of visual integration: Neurons with fast-oscillating spontaneous inputs exhibit transient visual responses and small receptive fields (RFs), whereas those with slow inputs show prolonged responses and large RFs. These findings suggest that the neural representation of visual information within each layer is strongly influenced by the temporal dynamics of the local network manifest in spontaneous activity.
Examining tourism SME owners’ place attachment, support for community and business performance: the role of the enlightened self-interest model

This research examines how support for the local community by small tourism businesses influences their enterprise performance, and the extent to which the owners’ place attachment influences the level of support that they provide to the community. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the responses from the owners of 298 small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs) operating in regional South Australia. Results of the analysis provide support for the validity of a structural model. The place attachment of tourism business owners has a significant positive effect on their support for the community which in turn has a significant positive effect on enterprise performance. The robustness of the structural model was tested through a series of invariance (equality) tests. Results demonstrate that the causal relationships among place attachment, support for community and enterprise performance hold true (are invariant) irrespective of the gender of the business owner, the size of the business, and/or the length of time the business has been operating. These findings have implications for research scholars in developing more robust tests of model relationships between and across groups, and for tourism policymakers aiming to support the sustainable development of regional tourism destinations.
Investment channel using online trading

This study aims at revealing behavior of Thai stock investors on investing toward online trading in Thailand. The proposed model applied technology acceptance model (TAM), theory of reasoned action (TRA), and theory of planned behavior (TPB) incorporate with perceived risk on fraud and identity theft as additional factor to illustrate Thai investors' perception and their intention to submit their stock trading using online trading channel. Observed sample of 600 respondents using web-based survey questionnaire were analyzed by using linear system estimation technique employing structural equations models and nonlinear single equation estimation technique employing generalized linear models assuming logit. The estimated results confirmed hypotheses supporting the proposed model. The results also revealed that new generation investors are more likely to adopting online trading faster than old generation.
Returning Strangers: The Children of Malawian Refugees Come ‘Home’?

There has been relatively little research addressing the important issue of how refugees adapt to returning home. The research which has been done, however, suggests that the process of reintegration can be problematic and, at times, seriously distressing to returnees, especially if they are young. The present study investigated young refugees who had ‘returned’ to Malawi (the country of their parents' birth), although none of them had previously been to Malawi. Using semi-structured interviews with thematic content analysis, we report returnees' attitudes towards resources, activities, employment and social contacts in Malawi; how the returnees viewed their national identity, their opinions of Malawi and Zambia (where they sought refuge) and of Malawians and Zambians; and their feeling about the future. A variety of experiences were reported, including being disappointed by Malawi, yet cherishing its significance as a ‘homeland’; confusion about national and cultural identity; feelings of isolation in Malawi; and the desire to return to Zambia. The results indicate that adjustment to a refugee's homeland may be very difficult, especially for young refugees who may only have idealized impressions, but no experience, of ’home‘.
Classroom Interactions: Teachers' and Students' Perceptions

It is acknowledged that perceptions of self and others play a fundamental role in the effectiveness of social interactions (Rose-Krasnor, 1997). This is particularly true in elementary schools where teachers interact six hours a day with students. What accounts for poor teacher–student relationships and the breakdown of teaching and learning is a lack of intersubjectivity and shared meaning between teachers and students (Ravet, 2007). Educators must look seriously at students’ emotions, conditions and expectations, and learn to ‘read’ each other over time (Hargreaves, 2000). At the same time, an exploration of teachers’ perceptions of teacher-students’ interactions and its correspondence with students’ perceptions is of equal importance for the improvement of the teacher-student relationship.
Lifestyle Balance: A Review of Concepts and Research

Abstract The perceived stress of time‐pressures related to modern life in Western nations has heightened public interest in how lifestyles can be balanced. Conditions of apparent imbalance, such as workaholism, burnout, insomnia, obesity and circadian desynchronosis, are ubiquitous and have been linked to adverse health consequences. Despite this, little research has been devoted to the study of healthy lifestyle patterns. This paper traces the concept of lifestyle balance from early history, continuing with the mental hygiene movement of the early twentieth century, and extending to the present. Relevant threads of theory and research pertaining to time use, psychological need satisfaction, role‐balance, and the rhythm and timing of activities are summarized and critiqued. The paper identifies research opportunities for occupational scientists and occupational therapists, and proposes that future studies connect existing research across a common link—the identification of occupational patterns that reduce stress. The importance of such studies to guide health promotion, disease prevention and social policy decisions necessary for population health in the 21st century is emphasized.