Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Response of the South Asian Summer Monsoon to Temporal and Spatial Variations in Absorbing Aerosol Radiative Forcing

AbstractPrevious studies on the response of the South Asian summer monsoon to the direct radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic absorbing aerosols have emphasized the role of premonsoonal aerosol forcing. This study examines the roles of aerosol forcing in both pre- and postonset periods using the Community Earth System Model, version 1.0. 4, with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 4. Simulations were perturbed by model-derived radiative forcing applied (i) only during the premonsoonal period (May–June), (ii) only during the monsoonal period (July–August), and (iii) throughout both periods. Soil water storage is found to retain the effects of premonsoonal forcing into succeeding months, resulting in monsoonal central India drying. Monsoonal forcing is found to dry all of India through local responses. Large-scale responses, such as the meridional rotation of monsoon jet during June and its weakening during July–August, are significant only when aerosol forcing is present throughout both premonsoona.
GSK3ß‐dependent dysregulation of neurodevelopment in SPG11‐patient induced pluripotent stem cell model

Mutations in the spastic paraplegia gene 11 (SPG11), encoding spatacsin, cause the most frequent form of autosomal‐recessive complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and juvenile‐onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS5). When SPG11 is mutated, patients frequently present with spastic paraparesis, a thin corpus callosum, and cognitive impairment. We previously delineated a neurodegenerative phenotype in neurons of these patients. In the current study, we recapitulated early developmental phenotypes of SPG11 and outlined their cellular and molecular mechanisms in patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs).
Transatlantic Free Trade: Questions and Answers from the Vantage Point of Trade Theory

This contribution provides answers to a number of important questions that are regularly asked in the discussion of a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). The discussion summarises insights based on a number of studies and reports written by the authors on the topic. Space constraints require us to be relatively brief, but our earlier publications provide more details on some of the issues discussed here; references are provided at the end of this article. The article also summarises a fairly large number of studies in order to offer the reader an overview of the literature available on the general effects of trade and trade agreements.
Emotional responses to interpersonal rejection

A great deal of human emotion arises in response to real, anticipated, remembered, or imagined rejection by other people. Because acceptance by other people improved evolutionary fitness, human beings developed biopsychological mechanisms to apprise them of threats to acceptance and belonging, along with emotional systems to deal with threats to acceptance. This article examines seven emotions that often arise when people perceive that their relational value to other people is low or in potential jeopardy, including hurt feelings, jealousy, loneliness, shame, guilt, social anxiety, and embarrassment. Other emotions, such as sadness and anger, may occur during rejection episodes, but are reactions to features of the situation other than low relational value. The article discusses the evolutionary functions of rejection-related emotions, neuroscience evidence regarding the brain regions that mediate reactions to rejection, and behavioral research from social, developmental, and clinical psychology regarding psychological and behavioral concomitants of interpersonal rejection.
Detection of Emission from the CN Radical in the Cloverleaf Quasar at z = 2.56

We report the detection of CN(N = 3 → 2) emission toward the Cloverleaf quasar (z = 2.56) based on observations with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. This is the first clear detection of emission from this radical at high redshift. CN emission is a tracer of dense molecular hydrogen gas [n(H2) > 104 cm-3] within star-forming molecular clouds, in particular, in regions where the clouds are affected by UV radiation. The HCN/CN intensity ratio can be used as a diagnostic for the relative importance of photodissociation regions (PDRs) in a source and as a sensitive probe of optical depth, the radiation field, and photochemical processes. We derive a lensing-corrected CN(N = 3 → 2) line luminosity of L = (4.5 ± 0.5) × 109 K km s-1 pc2. The ratio between CN luminosity and far-infrared luminosity falls within the scatter of the same relationship found for low-z (ultra-) luminous infrared galaxies. Combining our new results with CO(J = 3 → 2) and HCN(J = 1 → 0) measurements from the literature and assuming thermal excitation for all transitions, we find a CO/CN luminosity ratio of 9.3 ± 1.9 and a HCN/CN luminosity ratio of 0.95 ± 0.15. However, we find that the CN(N = 3 → 2) line is likely only subthermally excited, implying that those ratios may only provide upper limits for the intrinsic 1 → 0 line luminosity ratios. We conclude that, in combination with other molecular gas tracers like CO, HCN, and HCO+, CN is an important probe of the physical conditions and chemical composition of dense molecular environments at high redshift.
Self-Stigma of seeking help and job burnout in mental health care providers: the comparative study of Lithuanian and the USA samples

Abstract This study aimed to explore the correlation between job burnout and self-stigma of seeking help among nonmedical mental health care providers (psychologists, social workers, and counselors) in two countries – Lithuania and the US. The study included 234 professionals (111 social workers and 123 psychologists) from Lithuania and 93 professionals (33 counselors, 23 social workers, and 37 psychologists) from the US on a voluntary basis (93% females, mean age – 39.81 years). They completed a self-reported questionnaire with the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (SSOSH) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between self-stigmatization and burnout in the Lithuanian sample, but only weak positive correlation between depersonalization and self-stigma of seeking help in the US sample. The relationship between the self-stigma of seeking help and burnout was stronger in the Lithuanian sample of professionals when compared to their colleagues in the US.
Simulated-annealing type Markov chains and their order balance equations

Generalized simulated-annealing-type Markov chains are considered where the transition probabilities are proportional to powers of a vanishingly small parameter. It is possible to associate with each state an order of recurrence which quantifies the asymptotic behavior of the state occupation probability. These orders of recurrence satisfy a fundamental balance equation across every edge-cut in the graph of the Markov chain. Moreover, the Markov chain converges in a Cesaro sense to the set of states having the largest recurrence orders. The authors provide graph-theoretic algorithms to determine the solutions of the balance equations. By applying these results to the problem of optimization by simulated annealing, they show that the sum of the recurrence order and the cost is a constant for all states in a certain connected set, whenever a weak reversibility condition is satisfied. <<ETX>>
Fog Computing Micro Datacenter Based Dynamic Resource Estimation and Pricing Model for IoT

Pervasive and ubiquitous computing services have recently been under focus of not only the research community, but developers as well. Prevailing wireless sensor networks (WSNs), Internet of Things (IoT), and healthcare related services have made it difficult to handle all the data in an efficient and effective way and create more useful services. Different devices generate different types of data with different frequencies. Therefore, amalgamation of cloud computing with IoTs, termed as Cloud of Things (CoT) has recently been under discussion in research arena. CoT provides ease of management for the growing media content and other data. Besides this, features like: ubiquitous access, service creation, service discovery, and resource provisioning play a significant role, which comes with CoT. Emergency, healthcare, and latency sensitive services require real-time response. Also, it is necessary to decide what type of data is to be uploaded in the cloud, without burdening the core network and the cloud. For this purpose, Fog computing plays an important role. Fog resides between underlying IoTs and the cloud. Its purpose is to manage resources, perform data filtration, preprocessing, and security measures. For this purpose, Fog requires an effective and efficient resource management framework for IoTs, which we provide in this paper. Our model covers the issues of resource prediction, customer type based resource estimation and reservation, advance reservation, and pricing for new and existing IoT customers, on the basis of their characteristics. The implementation was done using Java, while the model was evaluated using CloudSim toolkit. The results and discussion show the validity and performance of our system.
Low worldwide genetic diversity in the killer whale (Orcinus orca): implications for demographic history

A low level of genetic variation in mammalian populations where the census population size is relatively large has been attributed to various factors, such as a naturally small effective population size, historical bottlenecks and social behaviour. The killer whale (Orcinus orca) is an abundant, highly social species with reduced genetic variation. We find no consistent geographical pattern of global diversity and no mtDNA variation within some regional populations. The regional lack of variation is likely to be due to the strict matrilineal expansion of local populations. The worldwide pattern and paucity of diversity may indicate a historical bottleneck as an additional factor.
Does subfertility explain the risk of poor perinatal outcome after IVF and ovarian hyperstimulation?

BACKGROUND The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether subfertility explains poor perinatal outcome after assisted conception. A secondary objective was to test the hypothesis that ovarian hyperstimulation rather than the IVF procedure may influence the perinatal outcome. METHODS Using data from a Dutch population-based historical cohort of women treated for subfertility, we compared perinatal outcome of singletons conceived after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COHS) and IVF (IVF + COHS; n = 2239) with perinatal outcome in subfertile women who conceived spontaneously (subfertile controls; n = 6343) and in women who only received COHS (COHS only; n = 84). Furthermore, we compared perinatal outcome of singletons conceived after the transfer of thawed embryos with (Stim + Cryo; n = 66) and without COHS (Stim - Cryo; n = 73). RESULTS The odds ratios (ORs) for very low birthweight (<1500 g) and low birthweight (1500-2500 g) were 2.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.9-3.9] and 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-1.8) in the IVF + COHS group compared with the subfertile control group. The ORs for very preterm birth (<32 weeks) and for preterm birth (32-37 weeks) were 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-2.9) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.3-1.8), respectively. Adjustment for confounders did not materially change these risk estimates. The difference in risk between the COHS-only group and the subfertile group was significant only for very low birthweight (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.1-11.4), but the association became weaker after adjustment for maternal age and primiparity (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.0-10.4). No significant difference in birthweight and preterm delivery was found between the group of children conceived after ovarian stimulation/ovulation induction and (Stim + Cryo) and the group of children conceived after embryo transfer of thawed embryos in a spontaneous cycle without ovarian stimulation/ovulation induction (Stim - Cryo). CONCLUSIONS The poor perinatal outcome in this database could not be explained by subfertility and suggests that other factors may be important in the known association between assisted conception and poor perinatal outcome.
NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT VALUES AND PERSON‐ORGANIZATION FIT: A SOCIO‐PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH AND EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION AMONG PUBLIC SECTOR PERSONNEL

This paper takes a socio-psychological approach to NPM and its value-based theory in public administration. We develop a model for the study of NPM values based on the idea of Person-Organization Fit (POF) and examine it empirically. Findings, based on a survey of 205 Israeli local governance personnel, revealed that the POF of several core NPM values (that is, responsiveness, transparency, innovativeness, and achievement orientations) was positively related with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and service climate, as reported by these public personnel. The findings suggest that, beyond modern strategies and effective policies for the public sector, lies an essential quest for NPM value-fit with public personnel. Consequently, the study advocates a better theoretical and practical understanding of the socio-psychological interfaces, such as POF, in public administration. Implications and directions for future studies are discussed, both in the context of public administration research and in the generic field of organizational behaviour theory and practice. The detailed results of the factor analyses are available directly from the authors.
Timing of Goals Scored in Selected European and South American Soccer Leagues, FIFA and UEFA Tournaments and the Critical Phases of a Match

The purpose of this study was to analyze the timing of goals scored in various soccer leagues around Europe and South America, as well as Federation of International Football Associations’ (FIFA) World Cup, Confederation Cup, Union of European Football Associations’ (UEFA) Champions League and EURO 2012 matches to derive the latest trends with the hope of improving team preparation for matches and game management by coaches. The study derived data from http://www.soccerstats. com and www.fifa. com data bases. The analysis centered on the big five European leagues including England’s Barclays Premier League, Spain’s la liga, Germany’s Bundesliga, Italy’s Serie A, France’s lique one; UEFA’s Champions League and EURO 2012; Argentina, Brazil and Chile from South America; The FIFA world cup tournaments and the confederations’ cup with regard to the timing of goals at 15 minute intervals. Data were analyzed and descriptively presented in form of tables and figure. The results showed that more goals were consistently scored in the second half especially in the last 15 minutes of normal regulation time than any other period of the game. It was concluded that the last 15 minutes of soccer matches is a critical phase of the game hence coaches need to prepare their players and manage the game so as to remain at their peak level throughout a match by enhancing their physical and mental conditioning coupled with timely use of substitutions and game management strategies depending on the score at hand.
A comparison of the influence of 2.7% sorbitol-0.54% mannitol and 5% glucose irrigating fluids on plasma serum physiology during hysteroscopic procedures

Background 2.7% sorbitol-0.54% mannitol has been selected as an alternative irrigating fluid during endoscopic surgery for its theoretical advantages. We compared the influence of 2.7% sorbitol-0.54% mannitol (Urosol™, CJ Pharma, Seoul, Korea) and 5% glucose as an irrigating solution for hysteroscopic myomectomy & polypectomy in the occurrence of associated complications. Methods Thirty patients scheduled for a hysteroscopic operation were included in a prospective randomized trial comparing 2.7% sorbitol-0.54% mannitol solution (Group S, n = 15) and 5% glucose (Group G, n = 15) as an irrigating fluid. We recorded the amount of the irrigating fluids, the amount of fluid intake, and the duration of the procedure. Serum sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose values, and serum osmolality were measured before (just after the induction, T1), during (when 2 L of irrigation fluid was infused, T2), and after (1 h after the end of the operation, T3) the hysteroscopic procedure. Results The mean volume of absorbed irrigating fluid was 185.0 ± 73.5 ml in Group G and 175.4 ± 50.5 ml in Group S. Transient hyperglycemia occurred in one patient of Group G. No differences were found in the intraoperative and postoperative levels of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose and osmolality in both groups. Conclusions There was no clinical evidence of hyponatremic hypoosmolality in any of the patients. We found no difference between 2.7% sorbitol-0.54% mannitol and 5% glucose as an irrigating fluid for hysteroscopic procedures with mild to moderate irrigant absorption.
From Signatures to Finite State Automata

In this paper, we outline the design of a nondeterministic finite state automaton (NFSA) for natural language morphology, and compare it to previous work in unsupervised learning of morphology. In Section 2, we describe the nature of an MDL-based system for unsupervised learning of morphology, using the signature-based model of Goldsmith 2001 as an example, and we describe some drawbacks of the signature-based model. In Section 3, we present an alternative model which is a nondeterministic finite state automaton, distinguishing between convergent and divergent states, a difference that corresponds to inflectional versus derivational morphology and specify an MDL model based it. In Section 4, we review the ways in which a Patricia trie has been used by several authors as a bootstrap means for finding morphemes, and the final sections describe the ways in which we are focusing on obtaining layers of morphological structure.
Network Verification in the Light of Program Verification

The fastest tools for network reachability queries use adhoc algorithms to compute all packets from a source S that can reach a destination D. This paper examines whether network reachability can be solved efficiently using existing verification tools. While most verification tools only compute reachability (“Can S reach D? ”), we efficiently generalize them to compute all reachable packets. Using new and old benchmarks, we compare model checkers, SAT solvers and various Datalog implementations. The only existing verification method that worked competitively on all benchmarks in seconds was Datalog with a new composite Filter-Project operator and a Difference of Cubes representation. While Datalog is slightly slower than the Hassel C tool, it is far more flexible. We also present new results that more precisely characterize the computational complexity of network verification. This paper also provides a gentle introduction to program verification for the networking community.
Pathway and Speed of Calcium Movement from Blood to Mineralizing Enamel

We studied by autoradiography the distribution of 45Ca in the enamel organ of frozen rats 4.3, 6.1, 7.8, 10.6 and 13.7 sec after an IV injection. The intercellular junctions of the proximal side of the smooth-ended ameloblast (SA) and the distal side of the ruffle-ended ameloblast (RA) were closed to calcium. The junctions of the distal side of SA, the proximal side of RA, and both sides of the secretory stage ameloblasts were not. The time required for calcium to pass through the ameloblast layer was less than 1.8 sec in the secretory stage and SA region. The time in the RA region was 3.5–6.3 sec. In the transitional region from RA to SA, a band of strong radioactivity appeared from the papillary layer of RA region towards the enamel of the SA region. The radioactivity in the secretory stage enamel increased almost linearly with time. The diffusion speed of calcium in the enamel was more than 50 μm for 1.8 sec in the maturation stage and less than 15 μm for 9.4 sec in the secretory stage. These results indicate that in the secretory and SA regions calcium moves to the enamel surface through the intercellular spaces of ameloblasts and in the RA region via RA cells.
Chandra LETGS observation of the active binary Algol

A high-resolution spectrum obtained with the low-energy transmission grating onboard the Chandra observatory is presented and analyzed. Our analysis indicates very hot plasma with temperatures up to T 15 20 MK from the continuum and from ratios of hydrogen-like and helium-like ions of Si, Mg, and Ne. In addition lower temperature material is present since O vii and N vi are detected. Two methods for density diagnostics are applied. The He-like triplets from N vii to Si xiii are used and densities around 10 11 cm 3 are found for the low temperature ions. Taking the UV radiation eld from the B star companion into account, we nd that the low-Z ions can be aected by the radiation eld quite strongly, such that densities of 3 10 10 cm 3 are also possible, but only assuming that the emitting plasma is immersed in the radiation eld. For the high temperature He-like ions only low density limits are found. Using ratios of Fe xxi lines produced at similar temperatures are sensitive to lower densities but again yield only low density limits. We thus conclude that the hot plasma has densities below 10 12 cm 3 . Assuming a constant pressure corona we show that the characteristic loop sizes must be small compared to the stellar radius and that lling factors below 0.1 are unlikely.
Influence of maintenance intervals on performance and emissions of a 192 kWel biogas Gas Otto CHP unit and results of lubricating oil quality tests - outcome from a continuous two-year measuring campaign.

In the present work, we focus on long-term and permanent measurements of approximately two years on a 192 kW el Gas Otto CHP (combined heat and power) unit at a full-scale research biogas plant. In detail the influence of 600 h and 1800 h maintenance intervals on electrical efficiency consumption and exhaust gas emissions such as NO x and CO have been studied under real life conditions. Lubricating oil quality analyses throughout the CHP operation time are presented to show the destructive changes in property and its influence on condition based maintenance. The results confirm the well-known fact that after readjustment of the air-fuel ratio after 1800 h maintenance the emission values for NO x decline while CO increases. The emission-optimized operation mode leads to lower engine efficiency. The maintenance tasks carried out at 600 h intervals lead to lower NO x emissions in nine cases while in 14 cases the emissions remained unchanged. The permanent measurements proved their legitimacy showing various emission deviations from the limiting values prior and post maintenance. The results show that by monitoring the lubricating oil quality, the oil change intervals can be maximized while ensuring that engine performance is not endangered, and a longer engine lifespan can be expected. The oil analyses allow the operator to reduce maintenance expenditures while minimizing wear.