Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of AIDS-Related Systemic Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Chemotherapy and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Depends Exclusively on Tumor-Related Factors

Objectives:To assess complete remission (CR) and survival in patients with systemic AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ARL) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods:We analyzed the Grupo de Estudio del SIDA register of systemic ARL, which started in Jan 1994, to collect cases diagnosed at 15 institutions prospectively and with active follow-up every 6 months. The date of censorship for this study was March 2005. Results:During the study period, 210 consecutive patients were diagnosed with ARL, with a median age 39 of years, 75.7% of whom were male, and with a median baseline CD4 count of 160 cells/μL. Histologic subtypes were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL; n = 153 [72.9%]), Burkitt and atypical Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma (BL; n = 40 [19.0%]), T-cell lymphoma (TC; n = 8 [3.8%]), and miscellaneous (n = 9 [4.3%]). Chemotherapy with or without other modalities was administered to 186 (88.6%) patients. In an intent-to-treat analysis of 184 patients who received at least 1 chemotherapy course with adequate follow-up to assess their response, 119 (64.7%) achieved CR, and the median length of survival (Kaplan-Meier analysis) was 52 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23 to 82 months). Factors independently associated with CR were histologic subtype and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. Factors independently associated with improved overall length of survival (OS) were CR, low IPI score, and histologic subtype. The single factor independently associated with disease-free survival was Ann Arbor stage. Conclusions:In patients with ARL treated with HAART, CR was associated exclusively with tumor-related factors. The CR rate was poorer in patients with BL and TC subtypes and was inversely correlated with IPI score. OS was independently associated with CR, IPI score, and the histologic subtype.
The Mona Lisa effect: Neural correlates of centered and off‐centered gaze

The Mona Lisa effect describes the phenomenon when the eyes of a portrait appear to look at the observer regardless of the observer's position. Recently, the metaphor of a cone of gaze has been proposed to describe the range of gaze directions within which a person feels looked at. The width of the gaze cone is about five degrees of visual angle to either side of a given gaze direction. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how the brain regions involved in gaze direction discrimination would differ between centered and decentered presentation positions of a portrait exhibiting eye contact. Subjects observed a given portrait's eyes. By presenting portraits with varying gaze directions—eye contact (0°), gaze at the edge of the gaze cone (5°), and clearly averted gaze (10°), we revealed that brain response to gaze at the edge of the gaze cone was similar to that produced by eye contact and different from that produced by averted gaze. Right fusiform gyrus and right superior temporal sulcus showed stronger activation when the gaze was averted as compared to eye contact. Gaze sensitive areas, however, were not affected by the portrait's presentation location. In sum, although the brain clearly distinguishes averted from centered gaze, a substantial change of vantage point does not alter neural activity, thus providing a possible explanation why the feeling of eye contact is upheld even in decentered stimulus positions. Hum Brain Mapp 36:619–632, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The “Replacement Hypothesis”: Corneal Stem Cell Origin Epithelia Are Replaced by Limbal Stem Cell Origin Epithelia in Mouse Cornea During Maturation

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that the stem cells of corneal epithelia are located at the limbal basal layer. Limbal stem cells are believed to be the source of corneal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. This study tested the replacement hypothesis, which suggests that corneal stem cell origin epithelia may be replaced by limbal stem cell origin epithelia after 2 weeks of age in mice. Methods: The cytokeratin 12 expression pattern in the cornea was examined using K12 IRES-Cre and Cre reporter mice. Results: Before 2 weeks of age, K12IRES-Cre expression in corneal epithelia showed a mosaic pattern. After 2 weeks of age, centripetal K12IRES-Cre expression gradually elongated from the limbal area. Around 12 weeks of age, the mosaic expression pattern disappeared from the center of the cornea. Temporal and spatial observations of K12IRES-Cre expression patterns suggested that the mosaic pattern cells proliferated and amassed at the same position from day 15.5 of the embryonic stage at the latest. Conclusions: Therefore, these cells were considered corneal stem cell origin epithelia. In contrast, centripetal pattern cell populations were considered limbal stem cell origin epithelia because they originated from the limbal area and moved to the center of the cornea. These observations suggest that corneal stem cell origin epithelia are replaced by limbal stem cell origin epithelia after 2 weeks of age in mice.
Cost-Effective TSV Grouping for Yield Improvement of 3D-ICs

Three-dimensional Integrated Circuits (3D-ICs) vertically stack multiple silicon dies to reduce overall wire length, power consumption, and allow integration of heterogeneous technologies. Through-silicon-vias (TSVs) which act as vertical links between layers pose challenges for 3D integration design. TSV defects can happen in fabrication process and bonding stage, which can reduce the yield and increase the cost. Recent work proposed the employment of redundant TSVs to improve the yield of 3D-ICs. This paper presents a redundant TSVs grouping technique, which partitions regular and redundant TSVs into groups. For each group, a set of multiplexers are used to select good signal paths away from defective TSVs. We investigate the impact of grouping ratio (regular-to-redundant TSVs in one group) on trade-off between yield and hardware overhead. We also show probabilistic models for yield analysis under the influence of independent and clustering defect distributions. Simulation results show that for a given number of TSVs and TSV failure rate, careful selection of grouping ratios lead to achieving 100% yield at minimal hardware cost (number of multiplexers and redundant TSVs) in comparison to a design that does not exploit TSV grouping ratios.
Bis[tris(ethane-1,2-diamine)nickel(II)] octacyanidomolybdate(IV) dihydrate

The title complex, [NiII(C2H8N2)3]2[MoIV(CN)8]·2H2O, crystallized from a mixture of ethane-1,2-diamine (en), octacyanomolybdate(IV), [Mo(CN)8]4−, and the transition metal ion Ni2+. In the crystal structure, the Mo polyhedron has a square-antiprismatic shape, while the geometry around the Ni atom is distorted octahedral. The complex ions and water molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds.
Mammographic feature enhancement by multiscale analysis

Introduces a novel approach for accomplishing mammographic feature analysis by overcomplete multiresolution representations. The authors show that efficient representations may be identified within a continuum of scale-space and used to enhance features of importance to mammography. Methods of contrast enhancement are described based on three overcomplete multiscale representations: 1) the dyadic wavelet transform (separable), 2) the phi-transform (nonseparable, nonorthogonal), and 3) the hexagonal wavelet transform (nonseparable). Multiscale edges identified within distinct levels of transform space provide local support for image enhancement. Mammograms are reconstructed from wavelet coefficients modified at one or more levels by local and global nonlinear operators. In each case, edges and gain parameters are identified adaptively by a measure of energy within each level of scale-space. The authors show quantitatively that transform coefficients, modified by adaptive nonlinear operators, can make more obvious unseen or barely seen features of mammography without requiring additional radiation. The authors' results are compared with traditional image enhancement techniques by measuring the local contrast of known mammographic features. They demonstrate that features extracted from multiresolution representations can provide an adaptive mechanism for accomplishing local contrast enhancement. By improving the visualization of breast pathology, one can improve chances of early detection while requiring less time to evaluate mammograms for most patients.
General Needs Satisfaction as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Ambivalence Over Emotional Expression and Perceived Social Support

ABSTRACT The detrimental effect of ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE) on social support has been well documented. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect remains unclear. Research has demonstrated that when general needs are not met, negative psychological outcomes occur. Thus, the current study investigated general needs satisfaction (GNS) as a potential mediator of the association between AEE and social support among 352 undergraduates. Results revealed that AEE was negatively associated with autonomy, relatedness, competence, and social support, whereas social support was positively associated with autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Further, GNS and each of its three subscales were all found to significantly mediate the association between AEE and social support. Thus, findings from the present study contribute to our understanding of AEE by illustrating a potential mechanism through which AEE may lead to a lack of perceived social support, namely GNS.
The Interplay between Transpiration and Runoff Formulations in Land Surface Schemes Used with Atmospheric Models

Abstract The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) has shown that different land surface models (LSMs) driven by the same meteorological forcing can produce markedly different surface energy and water budgets, even when certain critical aspects of the LSMs (vegetation cover, albedo, turbulent drag coefficient, and snowcover) are carefully controlled. To help explain these differences, the authors devised a monthly water balance model that successfully reproduces the annual and seasonal water balances of the different PILPS schemes. Analysis of this model leads to the identification of two quantities that characterize an LSM’s formulation of soil water balance dynamics: 1) the efficiency of the soil’s evaporation sink integrated over the active soil moisture range, and 2) the fraction of this range over which runoff is generated. Regardless of the LSM’s complexity, the combination of these two derived parameters with rates of interception loss, potential evaporation, .
Detection of risk factors for obesity in early childhood with quantile regression methods for longitudinal data

This article compares and discusses three different statistical methods for investigating risk factors for overweight and obesity in early childhood by means of the LISA study, a recent German birth cohort study with 3097 children. Since the definition of overweight and obesity is typically based on upper quantiles (90% and 97%) of the age specific body mass index (BMI) distribution, our aim was to model the influence of risk factors and age on these quantiles while as far as possible taking the longitudinal data structure into account. The following statistical regression models were chosen: additive mixed models, generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS), and distribution free quantile regression models. The methods were compared empirically by cross-validation and for the data at hand no model could be rated superior. Motivated by previous studies we explored whether there is an age-specific skewness of the BMI distribution. The investigated data does not suggest such an effect, even after adjusting for risk factors. Concerning risk factors, our results mainly confirm results obtained in previous studies. From a methodological point of view, we conclude that GAMLSS and distribution free quantile regression are promising approaches for longitudinal quantile regression, requiring, however, further extensions to fully account for longitudinal data structures.
Optical lithography in the sub-50-nm regime

The use of immersion technology will extend the lifetime of 193nm and 157nm lithography by enabling numerical apertures (NA) much greater than 1.0. A definition of effective k1 is derived to assist in comparison of various technologies with differing optical characteristics. The ultimate limits of NA are explored by analysis of polarization effects at the reticle and imaging effects at the wafer. The effect of Hertzian or micro-polarization due to the size of the reticle structures is examined through rigorous simulation. For the regime of interest, 20nm to 50nm imaging, it is found that dense features on the reticle will polarize the light into the TE component upwards of 15%. Below this regime, the light becomes polarized in the TM direction. Additionally, oblique incidence on the reticle, resulting from large system NAs and 4x reduction, will cause PSM phase errors. The use of polarization in the illuminator for imaging will result in substantial gains in exposure latitude and MEF when the NA~1.3 with 45nm lines at 193nm. The end-of-line pullback for 2-dimensional patterns is reduced by the use of TE polarization in the illuminator. The overall polarization effects increase with decreasing k1. The lower limit of optical lithography can be extended by using source-mask optimization and double exposure to go below the classical resolution limit, i.e., k1<0.25.
Effect of visual information on step-tracking movements in patients with intention tremor due to multiple sclerosis

The effect of visual information on step-tracking movements was studied in 18 patients with intention tremor due to multiple sclerosis (MS) and 15 healthy controls. Participants performed a slow wrist step-tracking task with stationary targets under five visual feedback conditions. The display of the target and movement cues was selectively withdrawn to examine the effects of visual information on intention tremor and movement accuracy. Results showed that intentio n tremor was most pronounced when visual display of both target and movement cues was available. Withdrawing visual information of the limb movement reduced tremor more than withdrawing the visual display of the target cues. Both the patient and control group was less accurate when the display of limb movement was occluded. Patients, however, were more dependent on visual information of the limb movement for accurate motor performance than healthy controls. When the visual display of the limb movement was partially occluded between or near to the targets, tremor decreased without deterioration of movement accuracy.
Achieving acceptable accuracy in a low-cost, assistive note-taking, speech transcription system

Recent advancements in speech recognition technology and the widespread availability of inexpensive computers mean that real-time transcription in the classroom is becoming practical. This paper reports on the accuracy and readability achieved using a low-cost speech transcription system that assists deaf and hard-of-hearing students with note-taking. The design is presented for a system that attempts to balance issues of availability and cost with usability and accuracy to provide a viable and fully automatic alternative to a human signer or note taker. While this study focuses on empirical measures of design choices and accuracy, anecdotal results are also presented, with particular attention paid to the practical trade-offs between cost, accuracy and readability of a real-time transcription system.
Disruption of Aquaporin-11 Produces Polycystic Kidneys following Vacuolization of the Proximal Tubule

ABSTRACT Aquaporin-11 (AQP11) has been identified with unusual pore-forming NPA (asparagine-proline-alanine) boxes, but its function is unknown. We investigated its potential contribution to the kidney. Immunohistochemistry revealed that AQP11 was localized intracellularly in the proximal tubule. When AQP11 was transfected in CHO-K1 cells, it was localized in intracellular organelles. AQP11-null mice were generated; these mice exhibited vacuolization and cyst formation of the proximal tubule. AQP11-null mice were born normally but died before weaning due to advanced renal failure with polycystic kidneys, in which cysts occupied the whole cortex. Remarkably, cyst epithelia contained vacuoles. These vacuoles were present in the proximal tubules of newborn mice. In 3-week-old mice, these tubules contained multiple cysts. Primary cultured cells of the proximal tubule revealed an endosomal acidification defect in AQP11-null mice. These data demonstrate that AQP11 is essential for the proximal tubular function. AQP11-null mice are a novel model for polycystic kidney diseases and will provide a new mechanism for cystogenesis.
Identification of CD4 T-cell epitopes in soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas autoantigen in autoimmune hepatitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease associated with autoantibodies and liver-infiltrating lymphocytes. Although autoantibodies are tested routinely to diagnose and classify AIH, liver-infiltrating lymphocytes are regarded as the primary factor for disease pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize autoantigenic peptides within human AIH-specific soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen (SLA/LP) that are targeted by CD4(+) T cells and restricted by the disease susceptibility gene HLA-DRB1*0301. METHODS HLA-DRB1*0301 transgenic mice were immunized with SLA/LP. Antibody and T-cell responses were analyzed with SLA/LP-overlapping peptides in enzyme immunoassay, proliferation, and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays. Minimal optimal T-cell epitopes were identified, characterized with cloned T-cell hybridomas, and confirmed in tetramer and ELISpot assays with AIH patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS All mice developed SLA/LP-specific IgG1/IgG2a antibodies against the same SLA/LP peptides as human beings. T cells targeted several peptides within SLA/LP, 2 of which were DR3-restricted and one overlapped the sequence recognized by human autoantibodies. Minimal optimal epitopes were mapped, DRB1*0301/epitope-tetramers were generated, and the frequency and function of HLA-DRB1*0301-restricted autoantigen-specific T cells in AIH patients were analyzed with tetramer and interferon-gamma ELISpot assays. CONCLUSIONS This study identified T-cell epitopes within SLA/LP, restricted by the disease susceptibility gene DRB1*0301 and in close proximity to the human autoantibody epitope. These results and the generated reagents now provide the opportunity to directly monitor autoreactive T cells in AIH patients in clinical studies.
Nurse collaboration in community and psychiatric care: a Swedish study.

AIM The aim of the study was to examine registered nurses' (RNs) experiences of collaboration in the community health care and psychiatric inpatient care systems. BACKGROUND RNs in one area in the west of Sweden have indicated the need for collaborative routines between the community health care and psychiatric inpatient care systems. METHOD Qualitative content analysis of focus group interviews. RESULTS RNs felt the web-based health-care communication programme was a major obstacle to the development of a collaboration plan. The poor collaboration between RNs was due to the absence of knowledge about the duties of each nursing team. CONCLUSION The findings contribute to the understanding of the barriers to collaboration between RNs in community health care and psychiatric inpatient care, and highlight the need for nurse managers to ensure well-functioning routines.
Childhood adversity and youth depression: Influence of gender and pubertal status

This research examined three possible models to explain how childhood social adversity and recent stress interact to predict depression in youth: stress sensitization, stress amplification, and stress inoculation. Drawing from a stress-sensitization theory of depression, we hypothesized that exposure to childhood adversity, in the form of disruptions in critical interpersonal relationships, would lower youths' threshold for depressive reactions to recent interpersonal stress. We expected that this pattern of stress sensitization would be most salient for girls negotiating the pubertal transition. These hypotheses were examined in two studies: a longitudinal, questionnaire-based investigation of 399 youth (M = 11.66 years) and a concurrent, interview-based investigation of 147 youth (M = 12.39 years). Findings supported the role of stress-sensitization processes in pubertal girls and prepubertal boys, and stress-amplification processes in prepubertal girls. Childhood social adversity specifically predicted sensitization to recent interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal, stress. These findings build on prior theory and research by suggesting that early adversity exerts context-specific effects that vary across gender and development. Future research will need to identify the specific mechanisms underlying this stress-sensitization process.We express our appreciation to the students, teachers, and principals of the participating schools for their facilitation of this study. We also thank Constance Hammen, Kate Harkness, and Eva Pomerantz for their helpful comments; Melissa Caldwell, Alyssa Clark, Colleen Conley, Alison Dupre, Heidi Gazelle, and Kathryn Kurlakowsky for their assistance in data collection and management; and Shannon Daley for consultation on statistical analyses. This research was supported by a University of Illinois Research Board Beckman Award, a William T. Grant Foundation Faculty Scholars Award, and National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH59711 awarded to Karen D. Rudolph.
The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation incorporating both cystatin C and creatinine best predicts individual risk: a cohort study in 444 patients with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND The recently introduced CKD-EPIcreat-cys equation surpassed creatinine-based equations for GFR estimation in a large cross-sectional analysis. However, its performance to predict individual risk of CKD progression and death in patients with various underlying CKD etiologies is unknown. METHODS We recruited 444 patients with CKD GFR categories 2-4 (eGFR 15-89 mL/min/1.73 m2); baseline eGFR was estimated by the established MDRD and CKD-EPIcreat equations and by the novel CKD-EPIcreat-cys equation. RESULTS Patients were followed for 2.7±1.2 years for the occurrence of the combined predefined endpoint event: death, need for renal replacement therapy or halving of eGFR. The endpoint occurred in 62 patients. Reclassification from MDRD determined categories to CKD-EPIcreat-cys categories yielded net reclassification improvements for those with the endpoint event (NRIevents) of 27.4% (95% CI: 16.7-40.0%) and for those without the event (NRInon-events) of -3.1% (-8.2 to 1.6%). Similarly, reclassification from CKD-EPIcreat categories to CKD-EPIcreat-cys categories yielded an NRIevents of 22.6% (10.2-34.3%) and NRInon-events of -11.3% (-15.9 to -6.5%). Addition of albuminuria to each eGFR equation increased the calculated risk of the outcome for a net 26-32% of those who subsequently reached the endpoint, and reduced the calculated risk in a net 21-23% in non-event patients, but only minimally. CONCLUSIONS The CKD-EPIcreat-cys equation assigned patients who went on to have the event to more appropriate CKD risk categories than MDRD and CKD-EPIcreat, but patients without the event to less appropriate categories than CKD-EPIcreat. Addition of albuminuria marginally improved risk classification for those who had the event.