Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitation and visualization of alkyl deoxynucleosides in the DNA of mammalian cells by monoclonal antibodies.

Conventional radiochromatographic procedures for the quantitation of carcinogen/mutagen-induced structural DNA modifications have a number of limitations. Thus, these techniques for the most part require application of radioactively labeled carcinogens and the use of relatively large amounts of DNA for analysis at low levels of DNA modification. Radiochromatographic methods also preclude analyses at the level of single cells and DNA molecules. Recently developed immunoanalytical methods have improved this situation considerably. Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) characterized by a high substrate specificity and affinity, in combination with radio- and enzyme-immunoassays, or with "immuno-slot-blot" techniques, now permit the detection of femtomole to subfemtomole amounts of, e.g., alkyldeoxynucleosides in small samples of DNA isolated from tissues or cultured cells previously exposed to nonradioactive N-nitroso compounds. Furthermore, selected Mab can be used to quantitate by direct immunofluorescence (with the aid of computer-based image analysis of electronically intensified fluorescence signals), specific alkyldeoxynucleosides in the nuclear DNA of single cells. With this method, the detection limit for the alkylation product O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine (O6-EtdGuo) is presently of the order of 10(2) -10(3) O6-EtdGuo residues per diploid mammalian genome. Individual cells can thus be monitored for the presence of specific carcinogen-DNA adducts, and with respect to their capacity for enzymatic removal of such modified structures from DNA (as exemplified here by the kinetics of the enzymatic elimination of O6-EtdGuo from the DNA of malignant neurogenic rat cell lines). In combination with transmission electron microscopy, Mab also permit direct visualization (via Mab binding sites) of specific carcinogen-modified structures in individual DNA molecules. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the rhesus monkey retina reveals synapses from bipolar cells to dopaminergic amacrine cells

The synaptic organization of dopamine-containing amacrine cells in the rhesus monkey retina was studied using immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine synthetic pathway. Cell bodies of the TH-containing neurons were primarily in the innermost tier of the inner nuclear layer. Their synaptic processes, confined to the outermost stratum of the inner plexiform layer, contained mostly small, clear vesicles and were presynaptic to unlabeled amacrine cell processes and cell bodies at junctions that were symmetrical. Synapses onto the TH-immunoreactive neurons were from bipolar cell axon terminals, nonimmunoreactive amacrine cell processes, and other TH-containing amacrine cells in a decreasing order of predominance. The bipolar cells were presynaptic to the TH-containing neuronal processes at ribbon synapses. The size, structure, and position of the bipolar cell axon terminals, which, like the TH-reactive processes, were narrowly confined to the outermost stratum of the inner plexiform layer, indicate that they are recently described giant bistratified bipolar cells. The identification of this bipolar cell input now provides evidence for a pathway from the outer plexiform layer to dopaminergic amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer via a type of cone bipolar cell.
Hardness properties across multiscales of applied loads and material structures

Abstract Indentation hardness measurements determined from continuous loading tests are compared on a hardness stress–strain basis previously developed to show the relationship of different test results. In such a manner, the elastic, plastic and cracking behaviours are described here for NaCl, oxidiser AP, MgO and explosive RDX crystals. The measurements cover a very large range of impression sizes spread over macro- to nano-scale test results. In addition, connection is made with compiled measurements of applied forces against residual indentation sizes and crack sizes for MgO, RDX and Si crystals also over a very large range of loads and deformations. Loading rate influences are shown for MgO crystal hardness and cracking behaviours, in the latter case relating to indentation fracture mechanics (FM) prediction. For internal structural relationship, first, slip system and dislocation pile-up influences are demonstrated for MgO crystal results. Exceptional subgrain boundary and grain boundary hardness measurements for Nb crystals and Nb and Mo polycrystals are then presented. Such results relate to a Hall–Petch type inverse square root of grain diameter dependencies of hardness shown for the following cases: (i) historical measurements on α-brass; (ii) wide ranging grain size coverage in polycrystal Cr, α-Ti and W materials; and (iii) particle size and binder mean free path dependencies for WC–Co polyphase composites. For the WC–Co system, there is connection with the contiguity parameter for WC to WC particle contacts and to the FM behaviour.
Infant Perception of the Invariant Size of Approaching and Receding Objects

After habituation of looking at an object that repeatedly approached and receded through 50 cm along the medial axis, infants of about 18 weeks of age were presented with both the same moving object and one of a different size falling within the same range of visual angles as those projected during habituation. The starting point for movement varied widely from trial to trial to "desensitize" subjects to a range of changing distances and visual angles. Recovery from habituation of looking was greater for the moving object of a different size than for the same object, indicating that the infants perceived an object's invariant size with changing visual angle (i.e., that visual size constancy was operative). A secondary finding was that following habituation to the smaller object there was a markedly greater recovery with the larger object than with the smaller, but following habituation with the larger there was no difference between recovery for the two. These outcomes were attributed to the additive effects of object salience and recovery from habituation. When the distance of an object varies, the representation of its size at the eye is transformed. Nevertheless, under normal viewing conditions its perceived size remains relatively unchanged. A recent series of experiments (McKenzie, Tootell, & Day, 1980) has shown that such perceptual constancy in the face of image transformations at the eye is operative at least from the end of the first half year of infancy. In this study the infants were aged between 18 and 33 weeks. Following habituation of visual fixation under one of four stimulus conditions, recovery from habituation was observed under a standard condition that represented a change in size, a change in distance, a change in size and distance, or no change at all. The pattern of recovery scores across the four groups in each experiment indicated that visual size constancy is clearly present from about 26 weeks. For infants of 18 weeks the results The assistance of G. Coleman and R. McDonell with computing and of H. Tootell with data collection is gratefully acknowledged.
Quickest Linear Search over Correlated Sequences

Consider a set of random sequences, each consisting of independent and identically distributed random variables drawn from one of the two known distributions F0 and F1. The underlying distributions of different sequences are correlated, induced by an inherent physical coupling in the mechanisms generating these sequences. The objective is to design the quickest data-adaptive and sequential search procedure for identifying one sequence generated according to F1. The optimal design involves striking a balance between the average delay in reaching a decision and the rate of false alarms, as two opposing figures of merit. Optimal and asymptotically optimal decision rules are derived, which can take radically different forms depending on the correlation structure. Performance and sampling complexity analyses are provided to delineate the tradeoff between decision delay and quality. The generalization to parallel sampling, in which multiple sequences are sampled at the same time, is also investigated.
Indirect comparisons of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in CML: case study using baseline population characteristics

The use of indirect comparisons to evaluate the relative effectiveness between two or more treatments is widespread in the literature and continues to grow each year. Appropriate methodologies will be essential for integrating data from various published clinical trials into a systematic framework as part of the increasing emphasis on comparative effectiveness research. This article provides a case study example for clinicians using the baseline study population characteristics and response rates of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors in imatinibresistant or imatinib-intolerant chronic myelogenous leukemia followed by a discussion of indirect comparison methods that are being increasingly implemented to address challenges with these types of comparisons.
Efficient Summarization From Multiple Georeferenced User-Generated Videos

The rapid developments in camera technology and mobile devices bring a flourish of user-generated videos with rich geographic metadata, which can be great information resources for prospective tourists to preview a place of interest. In a video retrieval system, a simple query will return many videos. To provide users with a convenient way to explore videos, we generate summarization from multiple georeferenced videos, which is composed of segments from different input videos but complementing each other to preserve the regions of interest (ROIs) among the original inputs. Different from conventional ROI detection techniques which extract objects from a single video with data-intensive computing, the proposed strategy solely leverages the geographic metadata among multiple videos (we term the ROI as Geographic-ROI/GROI). A Gaussian-based model is proposed to formulate the capture intention distribution in geo-space for each video-frame. By selecting such characteristics from keyframes in each video, we successfully detect the GROIs in a few milliseconds with average error distances within a few meters. Based on this, we select representative video segments capturing popular GROIs and compose them in a coherent manner as a final summarization. To speed up the processing, we represent videos according to their geographic characteristics and actively select their representative pieces ( geo-keys). The highest quality videos among the local scope (key- neighborhood) for geo-keys are added to the summary with an appropriate travel route determined by their spatial consistency. Experiments indicate our summarization approach out-performs the state-of-the-arts by preserving the original GROIs with better accuracy and within less time.
Memory lateralization with 2 functional MR imaging tasks in patients with lesions in the temporal lobe.

BACKGROUND Previous studies to determine memory lateralization with functional MR imaging (fMRI) have used encoding or recall tasks. The convergence between the results of both tasks, however, is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate hemispheric asymmetries of temporal lobe activity (parahippocampus and fusiform gyri) in patients with temporal lesions by using both kinds of fMRI tasks. METHODS By using blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI, hemispheric asymmetries of 25 consecutive patients admitted for presurgical evaluation of memory and 12 healthy control participants were studied. Activation was induced by using the picture-encoding task (processing of complex scenes) and the hometown-walking task (requiring mental navigation through one's hometown by using landmarks given by participants themselves). RESULTS Results in the control group showed that both tasks activated the parahippocampus similarly. The picture-encoding task, however, yielded greater posterior activations in the parahippocampus than did the hometown-walking task. As observed in other studies, more than half the patients showed contralesional representation of memory in each task. It is important to note that estimated memory lateralization from each task was different in 30% of patients, and several cases showed clear discrepancies between both tasks. CONCLUSION Although previous studies showed that both tasks were useful for evaluating memory lateralization, the present study suggested that the administration of both tasks is necessary for presurgical evaluation of memory lateralization in patients with lesions in the temporal lobe. Therefore, both encoding and recall processes should at least be considered in the evaluation of memory.
Clique and Independent Set Based GRASP Approaches for the Regenerator Location Problem

We consider the Regenerator Location Problem (RLP) in optical fibre communication networks: As optical signals deteriorate in dependence of the distance from the source, regenerator devices need to be installed at a subset of the network nodes so that no segment of any communication path without an intermediate regenerator exceeds an allowed maximum length. The objective is to place a smallest possible number of regenerators in order to satisfy this condition. We propose two new construction heuristics based on identifying and exploiting cliques and independent sets of the network graph. These strategies are further extended to Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures (GRASP) that also include new destroy and recreate local search phases. Excellent results are obtained in an experimental comparison with a previously described GRASP.
Organization Capital and Intrafirm Communication

We present a dynamic model of production in which a firmâ€™s output increases when its managers share their information. Communication of ideas depends on the quality of the firmâ€™s internal language. We prove that firms with richer languages (i.e., more organizational capital) will have higher market values. Organizational capital generates static complementarities among incumbents which implies that firms with richer languages will experience greater employee retention and higher wages. Dynamic complementarities between intertemporal investments in language generate long-run persistence in firm market-to-book and turnover ratios. We demonstrate that the optimal compensation of incumbents includes an earnings-insensitive component that is larger in firms with richer languages. In a simple model of mergers, we show that the most value-creating mergers are those between firms with highly disparate languages.
Chromosomal basis of dosage compensation in drosophila: IX. cellular autonomy of the faster replication of the x chromosome in haplo-x cells of drosophila melanogaster and synchronous initiation

[(3)H]Thymidine labeling patterns have been examined in gynandric mosaic salivary glands of drosophila melanogaster. The Ring-X stock, R(1) w(ve)/In(1)dl 49, l (1) J1 y w lz(s), was used for this purpose. 365 labeled XX2A and 40 labeled XO2A nuclei were obtained from a total of 624 nuclei in nine pairs of mosaic salivary glands. It was observed that in all but those nuclei which had DD, 1C, and 2C patterns, the X chromosome of the XO2A nuclei always had fewer sites labeled than the X chromosomes of the XX2A nuclei, for a given pattern of the autosomes in either sex. Such asynchronous labeling of the X chromosome in the XO2A (male) nuclei was observed regardless of the proportion of the XO2A cells (2.0-73.7 percent), in the mosaic glands. Moreover, while the frequency of [(3)H]thymidine labeling for all of the 39 replicating units except the two late replicating sites (3C and 11A) in the X chromosome of the XO2A nuclei, was consistently lower than in the X chromosome of the XX2A nuclei, the mean number of grains on the X chromosome was relatively (to autosomes) similar in both XX2A and XO2A cells. The results, therefore, suggest that, as in XY2A larval glands, the X chromosome in the XO2A cells also completes the replication earlier than autosomes and that the XO2A nuclei show cellular autonomy with respect to the early replication of the X chromosome, like its counterpart, RNA transcription. Absence of the asynchrony during the initial phase (DD-2C) further completes the replication earlier but that the rate of replication of its DNA is possibly faster, and (b) that there might be a common regulation with respect to the initiation of replication of different chromosomes in a genome.
Simulation-based multiprofessional obstetric anaesthesia training conducted in situ versus off-site leads to similar individual and team outcomes: a randomised educational trial

Objective To investigate the effect of in situ simulation (ISS) versus off-site simulation (OSS) on knowledge, patient safety attitude, stress, motivation, perceptions of simulation, team performance and organisational impact. Design Investigator-initiated single-centre randomised superiority educational trial. Setting Obstetrics and anaesthesiology departments, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Participants 100 participants in teams of 10, comprising midwives, specialised midwives, auxiliary nurses, nurse anaesthetists, operating theatre nurses, and consultant doctors and trainees in obstetrics and anaesthesiology. Interventions Two multiprofessional simulations (clinical management of an emergency caesarean section and a postpartum haemorrhage scenario) were conducted in teams of 10 in the ISS versus the OSS setting. Primary outcome Knowledge assessed by a multiple choice question test. Exploratory outcomes Individual outcomes: scores on the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, stress measurements (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, cognitive appraisal and salivary cortisol), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and perceptions of simulations. Team outcome: video assessment of team performance. Organisational impact: suggestions for organisational changes. Results The trial was conducted from April to June 2013. No differences between the two groups were found for the multiple choice question test, patient safety attitude, stress measurements, motivation or the evaluation of the simulations. The participants in the ISS group scored the authenticity of the simulation significantly higher than did the participants in the OSS group. Expert video assessment of team performance showed no differences between the ISS versus the OSS group. The ISS group provided more ideas and suggestions for changes at the organisational level. Conclusions In this randomised trial, no significant differences were found regarding knowledge, patient safety attitude, motivation or stress measurements when comparing ISS versus OSS. Although participant perception of the authenticity of ISS versus OSS differed significantly, there were no differences in other outcomes between the groups except that the ISS group generated more suggestions for organisational changes. Trial registration number NCT01792674.
Development of a recombinant protein-based ELISA for diagnosis of larval cyathostomin infection

SUMMARY Cyathostomins are ubiquitous nematodes of horses. Once ingested, they can spend a substantial time as encysted larvae in the intestinal wall. The larvae can comprise up to 90% of the total burden, with up to several million worms reported in individuals. These stages can emerge in large numbers to cause life-threatening colitis. Direct methods for detection of encysted larval burdens in live horses do not exist. Previously, two antigen complexes were identified as promising markers for infection. A component of these, cyathostomin gut associated larval antigen-1 (Cy-GALA-1), was identified following immunoscreening of a complementary DNA library. Serum immunoglobulin G(T) (IgG(T)) responses to Cy-GALA-1 were shown to inform on larval infection. Sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products amplified from individual worms indicated that Cy-GALA-1 was derived from Cyathostomum pateratum. As cyathostomin infections always comprise multiple species, a diagnostic test must account for this. Here, segments of the Cy-gala gene were isolated from four common species, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicocyclus ashworthi, Cylicostephanus goldi and Cylicostephanus longibursatus, and the associated proteins expressed in recombinant form. The specificity and immunogenicity of each protein was confirmed. Each protein was assessed by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) for its ability for informing on the presence of encysted larval infection and the level of burden.
High-volume fly ash concrete technology

A research project is being carried out at the Center for By-Products Utilization, UW-Milwaukee on structural grade concrete containing low cement and high volumes of fly ash. This report is primarily concerned with the literature information on high-volume fly ash concrete. Information regarding mixture proportioning techniques, fresh concrete properties, mechanical and durability properties of hardened concrete, etc. were reviewed. The properties of fresh concrete included workability, pumpability, cohesiveness, bleeding, water demand, time of set, etc. The mechanical properties of concrete reviewed were compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage, creep, fatigue strength, etc. The concrete durability related properties studied were permeability, abrasion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, and fatigue strength.
Sensory transmission in the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract The gastrointestinal (GI) tract must balance ostensibly opposite functions. On the one hand, it must undertake the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients. At the same time, the GI tract must protect itself from potential harmful antigenic and pathogenic material. Central to these processes is the ability to ‘sense’ the mechanical and chemical environment in the gut wall and lumen in order to orchestrate the appropriate response that facilitates nutrient assimilation or the rapid expulsion through diarrhoea and/or vomiting. In this respect, the GI tract is richly endowed with sensory elements that monitor the gut environment. Enteric neurones provide one source of such sensory innervation and are responsible for the ability of the decentralized gut to perform complex reflex functions. Extrinsic afferents not only contribute to this reflex control, but also contribute to homeostatic mechanisms and can give rise to sensations, under certain circumstances. The enteric and extrinsic sensory mechanisms share a number of common features but also some remarkably different properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize current views on sensory processing within both the enteric and extrinsic innervation and to specifically address the pharmacology of nociceptive extrinsic sensory pathways.
Study on the Isolation of High-Quality DNA and RNA from Aloe

Aloe, an important folk herbal drug, includes abundant polysaccharides and secondary metabolites which bringing about the difficulty of isolating high-quality DNA or RNA. In this paper, one and two improved methods were used to isolate the genomic DNA and RNA from the leaf of Aloe, respectively. The obtained samples presented good quality and integrality, and thus, they could be further used for many downstream molecular experiments. This reported protocols on extraction of DNA and RNA offered a valuable reference for other related studies.