Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of c-erbB-2 expression in uterine cervical carcinoma.

AIMS: To study the pattern of expression and prognostic importance of c-erbB-2 protein in cervical carcinoma. METHODS: Sixty two cases of stage IB/IIA cervical carcinoma, representing the three main tumour types, were investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of c-erbB-2 protein expression, using a monoclonal antibody (CB11) to its internal domain. Follow up of at least five years' duration was available in all cases. RESULTS: Definite membrane staining was seen in 38.7% of cases. There was a strong correlation with poor survival (p less than 0.0001) particularly. For those with adenocarcinomas, this was the case when nodal metastases were present. In contrast, for squamous carcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas, the association with a poor prognosis was most apparent in those patients without lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS: These findings raise the possibility that immunostaining for c-erbB-2 protein could be used as a prognostic marker and may help identify those patients for whom early adjuvant treatment might be beneficial.
Household chaos, relationships with parents and adolescents’ future beliefs

ABSTRACT This article examines whether adolescents’ experience of household chaos is related to their future beliefs (i.e. mastery of the future, future obstacles, stress about transition to emerging adulthood, parents’ ability to ‘let go', and likelihood of having a successful career). It also explores whether adolescents’ relationships with their mothers and fathers (i.e. warmth, hostility) moderate the link between household chaos and adolescents’ future beliefs. Adolescents (N = 325; 52% female) in the tenth grade completed an in-school questionnaire. At the bivariate level, it was found that household chaos was linked to adolescents’ future beliefs. Household chaos predicted adolescents’ less positive beliefs about mastery, future obstacles, and having a successful career. Mothers’ hostility exacerbated adolescents’ beliefs about future obstacles and stress about the transition to emerging adulthood in chaotic households. Clinical and programmatic strategies could be developed to address household chaos as a risk factor for adolescents’ negative beliefs about their futures.
Effect of Gait Retraining on Balance, Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life and Depression in Stroke Patients

Objectives: Stroke is one of the most common neurological diseases and it is the main cause of physical and mental disability and staying in house. Gait difficulties have high incidence in patients with stroke. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gait retraining on balance, activities of daily living, quality of life and depression in stroke patients Methods: This study was a clinical trial without control group. Sampling was performed by convenience sampling method and 18 patients participated. After recording demographic data, Berg Balance Scale, Barthel Index, SF36 questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory-II used in pre-test and post-test to assess balance, activities of daily living, quality of life and depression, respectively. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and paired T-test. Results: The results showed statistically significant correlation in pre-test and difference between mean score of the all instruments before and after the intervention. Discussion: According to high prevalence of gait difficulties in stroke patients, it seems interventions in this area were necessary. Statistical results showed that the gait retraining intervention may have a positive effect on improving balance, activities of daily living, quality of life and depression of these patients. According to lack of information in this area, further research is needed.
Clinically significant proteinuria following the administration of sirolimus to renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Sirolimus is the latest immunosuppressive agent used to prevent rejection, and may have less nephrotoxicity than calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimens. To date there has been little documentation of clinically significant proteinuria linked with the use of sirolimus. We have encountered several patients who developed substantial proteinuria associated with sirolimus use. In each patient, the close temporal association between the commencement of sirolimus therapy and proteinuria implicated sirolimus as the most likely etiology of the proteinuria. METHODS We analyzed the clinical and laboratory information available for all 119 patients transplanted at the Washington Hospital Center between 1999-2003 for whom sirolimus was a component of their immunosuppressant regimen. In these patients, the magnitude of proteinuria was assessed on morning urine samples by turbidometric measurement or random urine protein:creatinine ratios, an estimate of grams of proteinuria/day. Laboratory results were compared between prior, during and following sirolimus use. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (24%) developed increased proteinuria from baseline during their post-transplantation course. In 21 patients an alternative cause of proteinuria was either obvious or insufficient data was available to be conclusive. In 7 of the 28 patients there was a striking temporal association between the initiation of sirolimus and the development of nephrotic-range proteinuria. Proteinuria correlated most strongly with sirolimus therapy when compared to other demographic and clinical variables. In most patients, discontinuation of sirolimus resulted in a decrease, but not resolution, of proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Sirolimus induces or aggravates pre-existing proteinuria in an unpredictable subset of renal allograft recipients. Proteinuria may improve, but does not resolve, when sirolimus is withdrawn.
Public values and public failure in US science policy

Domestic science policy in the United States is linked inextricably to economic thinking. We seek to develop a practical analytical framework that confronts the manifest problems of economic valuing for science and technology activities. We argue that pervasive use of market valuation, market-failure assumptions and economic metaphors shapes the structure of science policy in undesirable ways. In particular, reliance on economic reasoning tends to shift the discourse about science policy away from political questions of “why? ” and “to what end? ” to economic questions of “how much? ” Borrowing from the “public values failure framework”, we examine public values criteria for science policy, illustrated with case vignettes on such topics as genetically modified crops and the market for human organs. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Broker as a Service (BaaS) Pricing and Resource Estimation Model

Rapidly increasing digital media has triggered the importance of cloud computing. Cloud computing provides ease of management and ubiquitous access facility to the growing digital content. The ratio with which digital content has been increasing, it now requires multiple clouds to interoperate for the purpose of scalability, efficient service provisioning, and better management. This scenario is known as inter-cloud computing or cloud federation. One of the key entities in inter-cloud computing is cloud broker. Cloud broker is a match-maker between the service provider and the customer. Broker plays its role to reserve resources and perform pricing and billing. Service providers experience customers having different traits and characteristics. Some tend to utilize all of the resources, while others may quit in between, due to various reasons. Based on the characteristics of customers, their resources are predicted and pricing is performed. We have proposed a model which addresses this issue by determining resources and prices, on the basis of historical record of each customer. We have implemented our model using Java / Net Beans 8.0 and tested on Cloud Sim 3.0. 3 toolkit. The results presented here justify and endorse our model.
Pregnant women should not be categorised as a ‘vulnerable population’ in biomedical research studies: ending a vicious cycle of ‘vulnerability’

A new study published in Journal of Medical Ethics by van der Zande et al 1 further highlights why classifying pregnant women as a ‘vulnerable population’ in the context of research is deeply problematic. Because the designation of ‘vulnerable’ is otherwise applied to populations whose decision-making capacity about research participation is somehow compromised—such as children and adults of limited cognitive ability—many of us have been arguing for some time that using this designation for pregnant women is inappropriate and disrespectful.2–4 There is nothing about the state of pregnancy that renders pregnant women incapable of offering valid research consents or refusals. Moreover, rather than protecting the health interests of pregnant women and their offspring, this designation has had the opposite effect. It has contributed to the widespread exclusion of pregnant women from research activities, which is itself pernicious to the health of pregnant women.5 We know that pregnant women encounter a range of health needs across their pregnancies. In the USA, for example, approximately 9 out of every 10 women use some kind of medication during pregnancy to manage health conditions.6 Yet because pregnant women have largely been …
Hepatic oval cell activation in response to injury following chemically induced periportal or pericentral damage in rats

Administration of 2‐acetylaminofluorene (2‐AAF) given before partial hepatectomy (PHx) results in suppression of hepatocyte proliferation and stimulation of oval cell proliferation. Our objective in this study was to examine the oval cell response and associated α‐fetoprotein (AFP) gene expression by combining 2‐AAF with selective damage of centrilobular regions (carbon tetrachloride [CCl4 ]) or periportal regions (allyl alcohol [AA]). Centrilobular damage results in a more enhanced oval cell response and AFP gene expression than periportal damage. Conversely, more intense proliferation of intraportal bile duct epithelia was seen with 2‐AAF/AA than with 2‐AAF/CCl4 . The oval cell response and AFP gene expression was ranked as 2‐AAF/CCl4 ≥ 2‐AAF/PHx > 2‐AAF/AA. AFP mRNA expression was also examined in an acute AA and CCl4 injury. We found very little AFP gene expression compared with the 2‐AAF/hepatic injury models. To see a true oval cell response, the hepatocytes must be inhibited from proliferating. In addition, the results presented with the 2‐AA/AA model suggest that the periportal matrix may be as important as the cells that populate the area.
FST and QST Under Neutrality

A commonly used test for natural selection has been to compare population differentiation for neutral molecular loci estimated by FST and for the additive genetic component of quantitative traits estimated by QST. Past analytical and empirical studies have led to the conclusion that when averaged over replicate evolutionary histories, QST = FST under neutrality. We used analytical and simulation techniques to study the impact of stochastic fluctuation among replicate outcomes of an evolutionary process, or the evolutionary variance, of QST and FST for a neutral quantitative trait determined by n unlinked diallelic loci with additive gene action. We studied analytical models of two scenarios. In one, a pair of demes has recently been formed through subdivision of a panmictic population; in the other, a pair of demes has been evolving in allopatry for a long time. A rigorous analysis of these two models showed that in general, it is not necessarily true that mean QST = FST (across evolutionary replicates) for a neutral, additive quantitative trait. In addition, we used finite-island model simulations to show there is a strong positive correlation between QST and the difference QST − FST because the evolutionary variance of QST is much larger than that of FST. If traits with relatively large QST values are preferentially sampled for study, the difference between QST and FST will also be large and positive because of this correlation. Many recent studies have used tests of the null hypothesis QST = FST to identify diversifying or uniform selection among subpopulations for quantitative traits. Our findings suggest that the distributions of QST and FST under the null hypothesis of neutrality will depend on species-specific biology such as the number of subpopulations and the history of subpopulation divergence. In addition, the manner in which researchers select quantitative traits for study may introduce bias into the tests. As a result, researchers must be cautious before concluding that selection is occurring when QST ≠ FST.
Immunoprofile of Ovarian Tumors With Putative Transitional Cell (Urothelial) Differentiation Using Novel Urothelial Markers: Histogenetic and Diagnostic Implications

Ovarian tumors containing cells with transitional cell morphology are recognized in the 1999 World Health Organization classification of ovarian tumors and include benign Brenner tumor, borderline and malignant Brenner tumor, and transitional cell carcinoma. Recent immunohistochemical investigations have reached conflicting conclusions regarding true urothelial differentiation in ovarian Brenner tumors. We evaluated a panel consisting of antibodies to uroplakin III (UROIII), thrombomodulin (THR), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and Wilms' tumor protein (WT1) to study urothelial differentiation in ovarian transitional cell tumors. Additionally, we compared the immunohistochemical profile of transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary (TCC-O) with that of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC-B), to ascertain if immunohistochemistry may aid in distinguishing primary from metastatic TCC-O. Seventeen benign Brenner tumors and 17 TCC-O were stained with antibodies to UROIII, THR, CK7, CK20, and WT1. Additionally, 6 Brenner tumors of borderline malignancy were stained with antibodies to UROIII, THR, CK7, and CK20. The immunohistochemical results were compared with those of 30 cases of noninvasive TCC-B (low malignant potential n = 14, low grade n = 16) and 36 cases of invasive TCC-B stained with a similar panel of antibodies as part of another study. Twenty-one nontransitional cell ovarian carcinomas (9 serous, 4 clear cell, 5 endometrioid, 2 mixed endometrioid/serous, and 1 mucinous) were used as controls. Most Brenner tumors showed positivity with UROIII (82%) and THR (76%), supporting true urothelial differentiation in these tumors. Although TCC-O has considerable morphologic overlap with TCC-B, they had only partial immunophenotypic overlap. TCC-O rarely expressed UROIII (6%) and THR (18%) and none expressed CK20. In contrast, nearly 40% of invasive TCC-B expressed UROIII, 61% expressed THR, and 50% expressed CK20. Nearly 82% of TCC-O expressed WT1, which was negative in all TCC-B. Our results may have diagnostic value in distinguishing TCC-O (CK20−, UROIII−/+, WT1+) and invasive TCC-B (CK20+, UROIII+/−, WT1−) metastatic to the ovary. They also indicate that the morphologic similarity between TCC-O and TCC-B does not indicate any histogenic similarity and, as others have noted, TCC-O is a variant morphology in the spectrum of surface epithelial carcinomas.
Fast Mode Decision for H.264/AVG using Mode and RD Cost Prediction

In an H.264/AVC encoder, each macroblock can be coded in one of a large number of coding modes, which requires a huge computational effort. In this paper, we present a new method to speed up the mode decision process using RD cost prediction in addition to mode prediction. In general, video coding exploits spatial and temporal redundancies between video blocks, in particular temporal redundancy is a crucial key to compress a video sequence with little loss of image quality. The proposed method determines the best coding mode of a given macroblock by predicting the mode and its rate-distortion (RD) cost from neighboring MBs in time and space. Compared to the H.264/AVC reference software, the simulation results show that the proposed method can save about 60% of the number of RD cost computations resulting in up to 57% total encoding time reduction with up to 3.5% bit rate increase at the same PSNR.
Consciousness in SLA: A modular perspective

Understanding the place of consciousness in second language acquisition (SLA) is crucial for an understanding of how acquisition occurs. Considerable work has been done on this topic, but nearly all of it assumes a highly non-modular view, according to which language and its development is ‘nothing special’. As this assumption runs counter to much of the thinking in SLA, there is a need for an account of the place of consciousness within a framework that assumes that core aspects of language compose a distinct module (or modules) of the mind: that language is something special. This article offers such an account within the reasonably well-established MOGUL framework, with its approach to consciousness and the place of consciousness in the cognitive system. After briefly reviewing existing work and then the topics of modularity and consciousness, it presents MOGUL and its treatment of consciousness and then considers the way that this account applies to (1) the initial establishment of linguistic representations in perception, (2) the way these representations are then consolidated, (3) restructuring of the system of representations, and (4) the development of linguistic knowledge outside the language module, i.e. conceptual linguistic knowledge.
Circulating PD-L1 in NSCLC patients and the correlation between the level of PD-L1 expression and the clinical characteristics

The programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐1 ligand (PD‐1/PD‐L1) pathway plays a crucial role in tumor evasion. This study evaluated the association between circulating PD‐L1 expression and clinical characteristics in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
The effect of authentic leadership on employees' attitudes, behaviors, and performances in a Korean context

Few empirical studies have been conducted on authentic leadership. The two main purposes of this study were to investigate the roles and effects of authentic leadership in an organization, and to describe its potential linkage to occupational selfefficacy, interpersonal trust, work engagement, and role-based performance. Also, this study intended to validate the measures of these five variables in a Korean context. The unit of analysis was at the level of employees. To achieve research goals, this study employed several statistical techniques such as bootstrapping procedures and structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of approximately 2,500 Korean workers were selected as potential survey participants, and of these, 365 workers participated in the online survey. After screening and deleting missing data and an outlier, a total of 336 cases were included as the final research sample. Through the literature review this study found that there could be influential and positive relationships among the five variables previously stated. This study empirically tested the relationships among the variables using several statistical methods. The first finding was that measurement validation was obtained in a Korean context. Second, authentic leadership had a positive and statistically significant influence on employees’ attitudes in terms of their occupational self-efficacy and interpersonal trust. Furthermore, there was a positive and statistically significant influence on organizational behavior in terms of work engagement. Employees’ attitudes and organizational behavior also positively influenced role-based performance. Moreover, a multiple mediation model was tested using bootstrapping tests. The results demonstrated that occupational self-efficacy and interpersonal trust mediated the effect of authentic leadership on work engagement. Work engagement also acted as a mediator in the relationship between occupational selfefficacy and role-based performance, as well as in the relationship between interpersonal trust and role-based performance.
I Can But You Can't: Inconsistencies in Judgments of and Experiences With Infidelity

Despite strong prohibition against infidelity and endorsement of exclusivity as a norm, many people report engaging in infidelity. The current study examined this paradox by employing a between-subject design using online surveys with 810 adults to assess actor-observer biases in the degree of permissiveness judging own versus partner's hypothetical behaviour, as well as hypocrisy in judgments of infidelity versus self-reported behaviour. Participants judged their own behaviour more permissively than their partner's, but only for emotional/affectionate and technology/online behaviours (not sexual/explicit or solitary behaviours). Many reported having engaged in behaviours that they judged to be infidelity, especially emotional/affectionate and technology/online infidelity behaviours. Sexual attitudes, age, and religion predicted inconsistencies in judgments of infidelity and self-reported behaviour (hypocrisy). This study has implications for educators and practitioners working with couples to improve communication and establish guidelines for appropriate and inappropriate behaviour.
Essential and unique roles of PIP5K-γ and -α in Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis

The actin cytoskeleton is dynamically remodeled during Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis in a phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent manner. We investigated the role of type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) γ and α isoforms, which synthesize PIP2, during phagocytosis. PIP5K-γ−/− bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMM) have a highly polymerized actin cytoskeleton and are defective in attachment to IgG-opsonized particles and FcγR clustering. Delivery of exogenous PIP2 rescued these defects. PIP5K-γ knockout BMM also have more RhoA and less Rac1 activation, and pharmacological manipulations establish that they contribute to the abnormal phenotype. Likewise, depletion of PIP5K-γ by RNA interference inhibits particle attachment. In contrast, PIP5K-α knockout or silencing has no effect on attachment but inhibits ingestion by decreasing Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein activation, and hence actin polymerization, in the nascent phagocytic cup. In addition, PIP5K-γ but not PIP5K-α is transiently activated by spleen tyrosine kinase–mediated phosphorylation. We propose that PIP5K-γ acts upstream of Rac/Rho and that the differential regulation of PIP5K-γ and -α allows them to work in tandem to modulate the actin cytoskeleton during the attachment and ingestion phases of phagocytosis.