Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nasal ventilation to facilitate weaning in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency.

BACKGROUND: The non-invasive technique of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has an established role in providing domiciliary nocturnal ventilatory support in patients with chest wall disorders, neuromuscular disease, and chronic obstructive lung disease. NIPPV was used to simplify ventilatory management and assist the return of spontaneous breathing in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency who had failed to wean from conventional intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). METHODS: A trial of NIPPV was carried out in 22 patients with weaning difficulties. Nine patients had chest wall disorders or primary lung disease, six had neuromuscular conditions, and seven had cardiac disorders with additional pulmonary disease. Conventional IPPV via an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy had been continued postoperatively in nine patients and 13 had been ventilated after acute cardiorespiratory decompensation. RESULTS: Conventional IPPV had been continued for a median of 31 days (range 2-219). Eighteen patients were successfully transferred to NIPPV and discharged home a median of 11 days (range 8-13) after starting this type of ventilation. Sixteen patients remain well 1-50 months after hospital discharge and 10 of these continue on domiciliary nocturnal NIPPV. Seven patients have returned to work. CONCLUSION: NIPPV can be used to facilitate the return of spontaneous breathing and to reduce the need for intensive care accommodation in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory insufficiency that requires intubation and IPPV.
Communicating visual identities on ethnic museum websites

This article combines qualitative and quantitative content analysis to explore the websites of 43 ethnic museums in the United States. The use of multiple modes of communication to represent ethnic identity and cultural heritage is detailed. Also delineated is how websites present relationships with the ethnic diaspora, the homeland, the museums’ local communities, and the US community.
The Market for Mergers and the Boundaries of the Firm

We relate the property rights theory of the firm to empirical regularities in the market for mergers and acquisitions. We first show that high market‐to‐book acquirers typically do not purchase low market‐to‐book targets. Instead, mergers pair together firms with similar ratios. We then build a continuous‐time model of investment and merger activity combining search, scarcity, and asset complementarity to explain this like buys like result. We test the model by relating like‐buys‐like to search frictions. Search frictions and assortative matching vary inversely, supporting the model over standard explanations.
Aplikasi Theory of Reasoned Action (Tra) Dalam Menjelaskan Niat Beli Produk Hijau Di Kota Denpasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan pada lingkungan terhadap Sikap pada lingkungan, pengaruh Sikap pada lingkungan terhadap Niat beli produk hijau dan pengaruh Norma subjektif terhadap Niat beli produk hijau di Kota Denpasar. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil kuisioner yang telah disebar kepada responden yang memiliki pekerjaan tetap dan bertempat tinggal di Kota Denpasar, dengan jumlah sampel 105 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi sederhana dan regresi linear berganda dengan aplikasi SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil kajian ditemukan bahwa pengetahuan tentang lingkungan berpengaruh positif terhadap Sikap pada lingkungan, Sikap pada lingkungan berpengaruh positif terhadap Niat beli produk hijau dan Norma subjektif berpengaruh positif terhadap Niat beli produk hijau di Kota Denpasar.
Mood disorders and the thyroid axis

Data from positron emission tomography studies support the clinical observation that cerebral activity and thyroid status are related in patients with mood disorders.In addition, alterations in the central nervous system metabolism of thyroid hormones might be related to the mechanisms of action of antidepressant and mood stabilizer treatments. Finally, thyrotropin-releasing hormone might have important effects on mood.
Lower Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Associated with Reduced Diversity of the Colonic Microbiota in Healthy Adults

In the United States, there are persistent and widening socioeconomic gaps in morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases. Although most disparities research focuses on person-level socioeconomic-status, mounting evidence suggest that chronic diseases also pattern by the demographic characteristics of neighborhoods. Yet the biological mechanisms underlying these associations are poorly understood. There is increasing recognition that chronic diseases share common pathogenic features, some of which involve alterations in the composition, diversity, and functioning of the gut microbiota. This study examined whether socioeconomic-status was associated with alpha-diversity of the colonic microbiota. Forty-four healthy adults underwent un-prepped sigmoidoscopy, during which mucosal biopsies and fecal samples were collected. Subjects’ zip codes were geocoded, and census data was used to form a composite indicator of neighborhood socioeconomic-status, reflecting household income, educational attainment, employment status, and home value. In unadjusted analyses, neighborhood socioeconomic-status explained 12–18 percent of the variability in alpha-diversity of colonic microbiota. The direction of these associations was positive, meaning that as neighborhood socioeconomic-status increased, so did alpha-diversity of both the colonic sigmoid mucosa and fecal microbiota. The strength of these associations persisted when models were expanded to include covariates reflecting potential demographic (age, gender, race/ethnicity) and lifestyle (adiposity, alcohol use, smoking) confounds. In these models neighborhood socioeconomic-status continued to explain 11–22 percent of the variability in diversity indicators. Further analyses suggested these patterns reflected socioeconomic variations in evenness, but not richness, of microbial communities residing in the sigmoid. We also found indications that residence in neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic-status was associated with a greater abundance of Bacteroides and a lower abundance of Prevotella, suggesting that diet potentially underlies differences in microbiota composition. These findings suggest the presence of socioeconomic variations in colonic microbiota diversity. Future research should explore whether these variations contribute to disparities in chronic disease outcomes.
In Response to: Influence and Reliability of Different Correction Formulas on QTc Calculation.

Dear Editor-in-Chief: We appreciated the work by Hadley et al: “QTCorrections for Long QT Risk Assessment: Implications for the Preparticipation Examination”. Their findings are quite similar to those that our group recently published in amore limited and selected population (701 white young elite athletes). We believe that improving methodological accuracy of diagnosis or suspicion of long-QT syndrome (LQTS) in young athletes, as well other channelopathies, is crucial in optimizing costs and benefits, one of the most debated aspects of the preparticipation screening for sports. In our long-term clinical experience, when facing “borderline” values of rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) between 450 and 470msec, overtesting and overstressing are not rare, whereas they could be often easily avoided by applying some technical adaptations, that is using Fridericia correction formula instead of the Bazett one (automatically used by most of the commercial electrocardiographs). Nevertheless, we think that clinicians should ever be conscious that LQTS includes a wide phenotypic spectrum, including subjects with transient QT prolongations or genotype positive–phenotype negative. In this sense, regardless of these “methodological” and “mathematic” considerations, particular attention is ever necessary when symptoms such as unexplained syncope, palpitations, or a family history of sudden cardiac death are present, even if the QTc is normal or slightly prolonged. In our country (Italy), preparticipation screening for competitive and noncompetitive sports is mandatory. It includes personal and family history, physical examination, and electrocardiography (ECG). For this reason, studies such as those of Hadley et al and ours are potentially able to improve ECG interpretation and precious in optimizing effectiveness of our screening program. Salvatore F. Gervasi, MD Massimiliano Bianco, MD Vincenzo Palmieri, MD Francesco Cuccaro, MD Paolo Zeppilli, MD
Probability Density Functions for Positive Nuisance Parameters

This note includes recommendations for probability density functions for a positive nuisance parameter in some common situations. We discourage the used of truncated Gaussians (except when it is known that the answer is insensitive to the choice), preferring instead lognormal or Gamma distributions. (Some plots will be added in the next version of this note.)
Motives for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Women With Borderline Personality Disorder

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are known to use nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a dysfunctional strategy to regulate intense emotions. The primary purpose of this study was to clarify the motives for NSSI along with their interrelations. We further investigated the variety of emotions preceding NSSI and possible effects of NSSI on these emotions. To this end, a structured self-rating questionnaire on NSSI was administered to 101 female BPD-patients exhibiting NSSI. Most patients reported multiple motives for NSSI. The motives were more likely to compound than to exclude one another. Negative reinforcement was almost always involved in NSSI, whereas positive reinforcement (e.g., “getting a kick”) played an additional role among about half of the patients. NSSI was usually preceded by a large variety of negative feelings that were reported to clearly improve with NSSI. In conclusion, therapists should anticipate a multidimensional functional spectrum when exploring motives of NSSI.
Teaching the Social Curriculum: Classroom Management as Behavioral Instruction

Psychological science has identified positive classroom management and climate building strategies as a key element in developing and maintaining effective learning environments. In this article, we review the literature that has identified effective strategies that build classroom climates to maximize student learning and minimize disruption. In general, these strategies indicate a shift away from reactive and punitive approaches towards an emphasis on instructional and preventive approaches, including setting clear expectations, appropriate curriculum to increase student engagement, positive acknowledgment, and building relationships between students and teachers. Emerging research has also begun to identify features of culturally responsive classroom management that can engage and build relationships for a diverse student population.
Application of Logistic Regression with part-of-the-speech tagging for multi-class text classification

Today, computing environment provides the possibility of carrying out various data-intensive natural language processing tasks. Language tokenization methods applied for multi-class text classification are recently investigated by many data scientists. The authors of this paper investigate Logistic Regression method by evaluating classification accuracy which correlates on the size of the training data, POS and number of n-grams. Logistic Regression method is implemented in Apache Spark, the in-memory intensive computing platform. Experimental results have shown that applied multi-class classification method for Amazon product-review data using POS features has higher classification accuracy.
Pten Deletion in Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Enhances Constitutive Neurogenesis

Here we show that conditional deletion of Pten in a subpopulation of adult neural stem cells in the subependymal zone (SEZ) leads to persistently enhanced neural stem cell self-renewal without sign of exhaustion. These Pten null SEZ-born neural stem cells and progenies can follow the endogenous migration, differentiation, and integration pathways and contribute to constitutive neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb. As a result, Pten deleted animals have increased olfactory bulb mass and enhanced olfactory function. Pten null cells in the olfactory bulb can establish normal connections with peripheral olfactory epithelium and help olfactory bulb recovery from acute damage. Following a focal stroke, Pten null progenitors give rise to greater numbers of neuroblasts that migrate to peri-infarct cortex. However, in contrast to the olfactory bulb, no significant long-term survival and integration can be observed, indicating that additional factors are necessary for long-term survival of newly born neurons after stroke. These data suggest that manipulating PTEN-controlled signaling pathways may be a useful step in facilitating endogenous neural stem/progenitor expansion for the treatment of disorders or lesions in regions associated with constitutive neurogenesis.
The Interactive Advertising Model Tested

ABSTRACT Two, one-factor, within-subjects experiments were conducted to examine the role of Internet motives on responses to four types of banners (communicate, research, shop, and surf). Participants were each exposed to a total of 12 ads, or 3 different ads for each banner type. There were three dependent variables - attitude toward the ad, ability to persuade, and intent to click. The moderating variable was Internet motives, which had four levels (communicate, research, shop, and surf). Study 1 sampled a group of college students (N=106) and Study 2 sampled non-student adults (N=38). Results indicate that Internet motives influenced the strength of banner type on ad responses, but not for every banner ad examined. The hypothesized feature-to-motive association effect was found to some degree with the student sample, but was not found with the non-student sample. Evidence suggests that Internet motives serve different functions for students and non-students. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Memory limitations in sentence comprehension: a structural-based complexity metric of processing difficulty

This dissertation addresses the question of how linguistic structures can be represented in working memory. We propose a memory-based computational model that derives offline and online complexity profiles in terms of a top-down parser for minimalist grammars (Stabler, 2011). The complexity metric reflects the amount of time an item is stored in memory. The presented architecture links grammatical representations stored in memory directly to the cognitive behavior by deriving predictions about sentence processing difficulty. Results from five different sentence comprehension experiments were used to evaluate the model’s assumptions about memory limitations. The predictions of the complexity metric were compared to the locality (integration and storage) cost metric of Dependency Locality Theory (Gibson, 2000). Both metrics make comparable offline and online predictions for four of the five phenomena. The key difference between the two metrics is that the proposed complexity metric accounts for the structural complexity of intervening material. In contrast, DLT’s integration cost metric considers the number of discourse referents, not the syntactic structural complexity. We conclude that the syntactic analysis plays a significant role in memory requirements of parsing. An incremental top-down parser based on a grammar formalism easily computes offline and online complexity profiles, which can be used to derive predictions about sentence processing difficulty.
Health on the Web: An examination of health content and mobilising information on local television Websites

The Internet plays a crucial role in the communication of health news and information. This study is the first to examine the volume and scope of health coverage on local television news Websites. Mobilising information (MI), information found in news that can cue people to act on pre-existing attitudes, was also explored. Specifically, this study analysed the content of 278 health stories on 79 local television news Websites during September and October 2007. Data revealed that health stories were present on 64% of the sites examined. Only 30%, however, took advantage of the interactive nature of the Internet by linking the reader to other health sites or giving an e-mail address to obtain additional information. Thirty-two percent of the stories contained MI. Of those stories, locational MI (24%) was significantly more likely to be present than tactical (17%) or identificational (14%) (p < 0.05). There were also significant differences between large and small media markets regarding specific health content. Television news Websites produced by large market stations (designated market size (DMA) 1–50) were significantly more likely than very small market stations (DMA 151+) to contain health stories and have a separate health-related Web page.
The Mean and Scatter of the Velocity Dispersion-Optical Richness Relation for maxBCG Galaxy Clusters

The distribution of galaxies in position and velocity around the centers of galaxy clusters encodes important information about cluster mass and structure. Using the maxBCG galaxy cluster catalog identified from imaging data obtained in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we study the BCG-galaxy velocity correlation function. By modeling its non-Gaussianity, we measure the mean and scatter in velocity dispersion at fixed richness. The mean velocity dispersion increases from 202 ± 10 km s-1 for small groups to more than 854 ± 102 km s-1 for large clusters. We show the scatter to be at most 40.5% ± 3.5%, declining to 14.9% ± 9.4% in the richest bins. We test our methods in the C4 cluster catalog, a spectroscopic cluster catalog produced from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR2 spectroscopic sample, and in mock galaxy catalogs constructed from N-body simulations. Our methods are robust, measuring the scatter to well within 1 σ of the true value, and the mean to within 10%, in the mock catalogs. By convolving the scatter in velocity dispersion at fixed richness with the observed richness space density function, we measure the velocity dispersion function of the maxBCG galaxy clusters. Although velocity dispersion and richness do not form a true mass-observable relation, the relationship between velocity dispersion and mass is theoretically well characterized and has low scatter. Thus, our results provide a key link between theory and observations up to the velocity bias between dark matter and galaxies.
Visual field dependence–independence before and after unilateral vestibular loss

To investigate whether visual field dependence–independence changed after unilateral vestibular loss, Menie`re's patients were tested before and after unilateral vestibular neurotomy and compared with controls. Using the rod and frame test, visual vertical perception was tested under four visual contexts (with a frame tilted either clockwise or counterclockwise, with a vertical frame, and without visual reference). Both controls and Menie`re's patients before unilateral vestibular loss split into visual field dependent and independent subpopulations. Unilateral vestibular loss did not change this partition but, for both subpopulations, it induced asymmetrical visual field dependence with a reduced or abolished contralesional dependence. Finally, when vertical/horizontal references were provided, visual vertical perception was improved in both subpopulations, suggesting that all patients relied on the same allocentric strategy.
Microscopic magnetic resonance imaging reveals high prevalence of third coronary artery in human and rabbit heart.

AIM The human coronary tree is commonly assumed to have two roots: the left and right coronary arteries (LCA and RCA, respectively). However, a third coronary artery (TCA) has been observed in humans and animals, usually arising from the right anterior aortic sinus near the RCA. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, we identified TCA prevalence and characteristics in rabbit and human hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Third coronary artery presence was analysed in hearts from 11 New Zealand white rabbits and 7 human cadavers, using excised tissue that was fixed, gadolinium-treated, and agar-embedded for imaging-based reconstruction. A TCA was identified in all rabbit hearts and six of seven human hearts, originating either from an independent ostium (7 of 11 rabbits, 2 of 7 humans) or an ostium shared with the RCA (4 of 11 rabbits, 4 of 7 humans). Proximal TCA cross-sectional area in rabbits was 15.3 ± 6.0% of RCA area (mean ± SD, based on n = 9 rabbit hearts in which reliable measurements could be taken for both vessels), and 26.7 ± 10.1% in humans (n = 4). In all-but-one case where a TCA was observed, it originated ventral to the RCA, progressing towards the right ventricular outflow tract. In one rabbit, the TCA originated dorsal to the RCA and progressed towards the Crista terminalis in the right atrium. A fourth vessel, forming a separate aortic Vas vasorum was occasionally seen, originating from the right anterior aortic sinus either from an ostium common with (1 of 11 rabbits, 0 of 7 humans) or independent of (1 of 11 rabbits, 1 of 7 humans) the TCA. Pilot optical mapping experiments showed that TCA occlusion had variable acute effects on rabbit cardiac electrophysiology. CONCLUSION Third coronary artery presence is common in rabbit and human hearts. Functional effects of disrupted TCA blood supply are ill-investigated, and the rabbit may be a suitable species for such research.
B Cell Immunity in Solid Organ Transplantation

The contribution of B cells to alloimmune responses is gradually being understood in more detail. We now know that B cells can perpetuate alloimmune responses in multiple ways: (i) differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells; (ii) sustaining long-term humoral immune memory; (iii) serving as antigen-presenting cells; (iv) organizing the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs; and (v) secreting pro- as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines. The cross-talk between B cells and T cells in the course of immune responses forms the basis of these diverse functions. In the setting of organ transplantation, focus has gradually shifted from T cells to B cells, with an increased notion that B cells are more than mere precursors of antibody-producing plasma cells. In this review, we discuss the various roles of B cells in the generation of alloimmune responses beyond antibody production, as well as possibilities to specifically interfere with B cell activation.
Phase lag index: Assessment of functional connectivity from multi channel EEG and MEG with diminished bias from common sources

To address the problem of volume conduction and active reference electrodes in the assessment of functional connectivity, we propose a novel measure to quantify phase synchronization, the phase lag index (PLI), and compare its performance to the well‐known phase coherence (PC), and to the imaginary component of coherency (IC).