Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequent infection with a viral pathogen, parvovirus B19, in rheumatic diseases of childhood.

OBJECTIVE To find further evidence of the association of parvovirus B19 infection with juvenile rheumatic diseases, and to get new insights into the immunopathogenesis of these diseases. METHODS Paired serum and synovial fluid samples from 74 children with rheumatic disease were analyzed with respect to their content of viral DNA and antibodies directed against the B19 viral proteins VP1, VP2, and NS1. Control sera from 124 children with noninflammatory bone diseases or growth retardation were also analyzed. The sequence of the viral DNA, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was determined. IgG-complexed virus was isolated from sera and synovial fluid by adsorption to protein A beads. The amount of free virus versus immunocomplexed virus particles was determined by quantification of the viral genomes by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Twenty-six of the 74 patients (35%) had detectable amounts of parvovirus B19 DNA in the serum (n = 22 [30%]) and/or the synovial fluid (n = 16 [22%]), whereas only 9 of the 124 control sera (7%) were positive for the viral DNA (P < 0.0001). Forty-six patients (62%) had serum IgG against the structural proteins, indicating past infection with B19. NS1-specific antibodies were detected in sera from 29 patients (39%) and 27 controls (22%) (P < 0.001). In addition, 3 patients (4%) showed VP2-specific IgM. In 15 patients, viral DNA could be repeatedly detected in followup samples of serum and synovial fluid. Sequencing revealed low-degree nucleotide variations that are in the range of genotype 1 of parvovirus B19. Immunocomplexed virus was present in varying amounts, both in the sera and in the synovial fluid samples. CONCLUSION Parvovirus B19 is frequently found in serum or synovial fluid of children with rheumatism. The rate of persistent B19 infection in these patients is significantly higher than in age-matched controls.
Dimensions of Retrospective Voting

Studies of retrospective voting in Great Britain largely focus on economic issues, and pay little attention to whether electors associate economic changes (both positive and negative) with government policy. This paper analyses voters' retrospective evaluations of nine separate policy areas (over three main policy domains) in 1997, showing that the more negative evaluations of government policy over the previous five years the less the likelihood of an elector voting for the incumbent party - especially if in addition the main opposition party is viewed favourably. This provides strong support for the reward-punish model.
The Human Factor: China's Internal Migration and the Saving Puzzle

Filling a gap left by previous literature, this paper finds that many macroeconomic “puzzles” exhibited by the Chinese economy can be explained (at least partially) by the evolution of China’s internal-migration policies. Such policies not only have a profound impact on China’s labor market conditions, but also explain many Chinaspecific phenomena such as its rising saving rate, persistent and increasing wage gap, and seemingly constant rate of urbanization that are contrary to the implications of traditional macroeconomic models. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework capturing how human-migration policies are formed by the authorities while retaining the main features and assumptions of traditional models. We show that by incorporating the government’s decision in the theoretical framework, the model generates sensible implications consistent with Chinese data, hence adds to our understanding of the existing ”puzzles. ” More importantly, we do not require the assumption that Chinese economic agents simply have different preferences than western agents but instead explain the puzzles as a natural outcome when the same agents face different policy constraints. Finally, by examining the experience of other economies in the past, the paper reveals that China’s experience is not as unique as it initially seems and suggests an optimal path for migration-policy evolution. In particular, China should relax its migration barriers going forward and maintaining the Hukou system beyond the next decade would be detrimental to China’s growth targets and urbanization goals. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, 20431, email: HWang2@imf.org. School of Banking and Finance, University of International Business and Economics, No. 10 Huixin Dong Jie, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China. email: dyiwang@uchicago.edu Department of Economics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, email: jyao7@jhu.edu.
Beyond History Versus Theory

Strategic narrative is a useful frame for the history-theory relationship in qualitative, historical research. It suggests that some stories and ways of constructing stories will promote theory building more than will others, enabling historical sociologists to help cumulate knowledge more effectively. Four aspects of strategic narrative are discussed and illustrated: (a) concurrent construction and mutual adjustment of history and theory, with each defined and built with reference to the other; (b) selection and construction of history in response to a clearly developed abstract, general theoretical backdrop, with attention to how that backdrop conditions building of history; (c) construction of a theoretical and historical anomaly as the starting point for a phased-in comparative research design, with each phase building narratives and comparisons around key events to answer specific theoretical questions, and all phases cumulating to respond to the full range of general theoretical issues motivating the design; and (d) formulation of clear, precise concepts, measures, and coding techniques to build history as both path-dependent action sequence and complex institutional and cultural context/conjuncture.
Six closely related YbT2Zn20 (T = Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir) heavy fermion compounds with large local moment degeneracy

Heavy fermion compounds represent one of the most strongly correlated forms of electronic matter and give rise to low temperature states that range from small moment ordering to exotic superconductivity, both of which are often in close proximity to quantum critical points. These strong electronic correlations are associated with the transfer of entropy from the local moment degrees of freedom to the conduction electrons, and, as such, are intimately related to the low temperature degeneracy of the (originally) moment bearing ion. Here we report the discovery of six closely related Yb-based heavy fermion compounds, YbT2Zn20, that are members of the larger family of dilute rare earth bearing compounds: RT2Zn20 (T = Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir). This discovery doubles the total number of Yb-based heavy fermion materials. Given these compounds' dilute nature, systematic changes in T only weakly perturb the Yb site and allow for insight into the effects of degeneracy on the thermodynamic and transport properties of these model correlated electron systems.
The Contested Meaning of the Crosses at Columbine

Spontaneous memorials that emerged at Columbine after the shootings became a focal point of news coverage. Especially visible in this discourse were 15 wooden crosses that symbolized the 13 victims of the shootings and the 2 youth who carried out the shootings. The discourse about such memorials has much to reveal about the collective meanings of the events that gave rise to them. In the case of the crosses of Columbine, these meanings are matters of both consensus and contestation. This article examines how the news media constructed the controversy over the crosses through the ways that they represented the shootings, their aftermath, and the participants. It also examines how the resolution to the controversy was constructed from the very language used to construct it. The conclusion examines Columbine's role as a model for public mourning, one that suggests the victory of traditional senses of moral culpability.
Current trends in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Spanish urban history

It is now several years since José Luis Oyón presented an overview of recent trends in Spanish urban history, and this article seeks to communicate a sense of developments in the field since the mid-1990s, dealing with publications covering the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: ‘contemporary’ rather than ‘modern’ history, in Spanish terminology. The question of what constitutes ‘urban history’ in Spain remains problematic, in the absence of a ‘Dyos phenomenon’, a distinctive urban history teaching enterprise and a sustained and successful dedicated journal. Four annual issues of Historia Urbana, a ‘review of the history of ideas and of urban transformations’, appeared in the mid-1990s, but the final one dates from 1997, and most of the articles presented general theoretical perspectives or articles based on research in countries other than Spain. As Beascoechea and Novo have recently remarked, it seemed in the early 1990s that urban history (or, as they put it, ‘the history of the city’) was becoming established as a recognized discipline in Spain, but subsequent developments have failed to match the expectations that were aroused. Their themed urban history issue of Historia Contemporánea, produced in 2002, is aimed at regaining the lost momentum. Meanwhile, librarians still do not respond to ‘historia urbana’ as a category, seeking to redefine it as ‘urbanismo’, a narrower concept focused on town planning and urban design.
Gender Differences in the Costs and Benefits of Peer Relationships During Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the impact of social stress and social support on adolescents' emotional well-being. Forty-eight males and 70 females in Grades 7 through 11 were administered a questionnaire containing scales measuring self-esteem, depression, social suppor4 and social stress. Females reported greater depression, lower self-esteem, and greater problem-focused support than did males. There were no significant differences in the amount of social stress or emotional support reported by males and females. Results revealed that social stress was strongly correlated with higher depression and lower self-esteem scores for females but not for males. In contrast, social support was correlated with lower depression scores and higher self-esteem scores to a greater extent for males than for females.
iPoetry: Creating Space for New Literacies in the English Curriculum.

This article explores the use of digital poetry in a secondary English classroom and its implications for adolescents’ multimodal composition and identity development. The authors—an English teacher and a library media specialist—collaborated over the course of three years to design, implement, and reiterate a digital poetry curriculum. Through their work, they sought to infuse new vitality into literacy practices in order to enhance students’ engagement, increase their awareness of audience, and encourage their progressive use of media and technology. After students read, critiqued, and wrote poetry using traditional print text, they then employed digital tools to reinterpret those poems using multimodal elements. The authors argue that if teachers are to successfully implement new literacy practices in their classrooms, they must first establish a community of practice with other like-minded educators in order to engage in ongoing, critical dialogue around issues of literacy, learning, and technology.
Bell's Palsy in Pregnancy: A Study of Recovery Outcomes

OBJECTIVE : To study facial nerve recovery in patients with Bell's palsy of pregnancy compared with that of the nonpregnant population. METHODS : A retrospective chart analysis was conducted of all patients seen within 6 weeks of the onset of Bell's palsy of pregnancy, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Recovery outcomes were compared with similarly chosen randomly selected groups of nonpregnant females 15 to 40 years old (group 1), nonpregnant females of all ages (group 2), males 15 to 40 years old (group 3), and males of all ages (group 4), all of whom were also seen within 6 weeks of onset. Recovery was categorized as satisfactory (House-Brackmann grade I to II) or unsatisfactory (House-Brackmann grade III or IV). The 2-tailed Fisher exact test was used to statistically analyze differences between groups. RESULTS : Fifty-two percent of women with Bell's palsy of pregnancy whose facial palsy progressed to complete paralysis within 10 days of onset recovered to a satisfactory level compared with 77% to 88% of comparison patients. These differences were statistically significant in all cases. Recovery for those with an incomplete palsy was satisfactory in virtually 100% of all patients studied. CONCLUSION : The prognosis for a satisfactory recovery for women who develop a complete facial paralysis with Bell's palsy while pregnant is significantly worse than for that for the general population. This information should be taken into consideration by all physicians involved in the counseling of these patients.
Heart Rate Variability Modulates Eye-Blink Startle in Women With Bulimic Symptoms

The aim of the present study was to examine the modulatory influence of heart rate variability (HRV), an index of autonomic regulation, on eye-blink startle in women with bulimic symptoms. Twenty-four women with bulimic symptoms and 24 control women underwent a psychophysiological test to assess their HRVs during a rest period. They then underwent 20 trials designed to measure their startle motor reflexes while viewing pictures of food and pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. Women with bulimic symptoms and low HRV had larger startle magnitudes while viewing the pictures than women with both bulimic symptoms and high HRV and control women. A negative relationship between HRV and startle magnitude while viewing food pictures was also found in this group. These findings suggest that poor autonomic regulation, indicated by low HRV, plays a modulatory influence in women with bulimic symptoms.
Project management artefacts and the emotions they evoke

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the variety of affective emotions that are evoked in extant project management (PM) practitioners by various PM artefacts.Design/methodology/approach – A phenomenological methodology is used for eliciting, through self‐reporting and observation of gesture, the affective responses and consequential emotions experienced by PM practitioners as they interact or recount previous interactions with various artefacts of PM.Findings – This paper suggests that PM is prevalent in the Western corporate environment because project managers obtain an emotional affect from aspects of the PM experience, and project managers utilise various PM artefacts to emotionally manipulate their environment to their own advantage.Practical implications – The paper argues for a PM environment which is founded on evidence‐based practices. It suggests that future research should explore the links between PM, social architecture and flow theory.Originality/value – This paper advances.
Do-not-resuscitate orders and predictive models after intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: To quantify the accuracy of commonly used intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) predictive models in ICH patients with and without early do-not-resuscitate orders (DNR). Methods: Spontaneous ICH cases (n = 487) from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi study (2000–2003) and the University of California, San Francisco (June 2001–May 2004) were included. Three models (the ICH Score, the Cincinnati model, and the ICH grading scale [ICH-GS]) were compared to observed 30-day mortality with a χ2 goodness-of-fit test first overall and then stratified by early DNR orders. Results: Median age was 71 years, 49% were female, median Glasgow Coma Scale score was 12, median ICH volume was 13 cm3, and 35% had early DNR orders. Overall observed 30-day mortality was 42.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.3–47.1), with the average model-predicted 30-day mortality for the ICH Score, Cincinnati model, and ICH-GS at 39.9% (p = 0.005), 40.4% (p = 0.007), and 53.9% (p < 0.001). However, for patients with early DNR orders, the observed 30-day mortality was 83.5% (95% CI 78.0–89.1), with the models predicting mortality of 64.8% (p < 0.001), 57.2% (p < 0.001), and 77.8% (p = 0.02). For patients without early DNR orders, the observed 30-day mortality was 20.8% (95% CI 16.5–25.7), with the models predicting mortality of 26.6% (p = 0.05), 31.4% (p < 0.001), and 41.1% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: ICH prognostic model performance is substantially impacted when stratifying by early DNR status, possibly giving a false sense of model accuracy when DNR status is not considered. Clinicians should be cautious when applying these predictive models to individual patients.
Control of EMI from switch-mode power supplies via multi-step optimization

This paper shows how a multi-step optimal conversion architecture can be used as a switching technique for switch-mode power supplies. The strategy presented spreads the power spectrum of the switching signal and, thus, reduces peaks in spectra of voltages and currents within the supply. As a consequence, electromagnetic interference emissions can be mitigated in order to comply with regulations.
Constitutive Expression of the B7h Ligand for Inducible Costimulator on Naive B Cells Is Extinguished after Activation by Distinct B Cell Receptor and Interleukin 4 Receptor–mediated Pathways and Can Be Rescued by CD40 Signaling

The recently described ligand–receptor pair, B7h–inducible costimulator (ICOS), is critical for germinal center formation and antibody responses. In contrast to the induced expression of the related costimulatory ligands B7.1 and B7.2, B7h is constitutively expressed on naive B cells and is surprisingly extinguished after antigen engagement and interleukin (IL)-4 cytokine signaling. Although signaling through both B cell receptor (BCR) and IL-4 receptor (R) converge on the extinction of B7h mRNA levels, BCR down-regulation occurs through Ca2+ mobilization, whereas IL-4R down-regulation occurs through a distinct Stat6-dependent pathway. During antigen-specific B cell activation, costimulation through CD40 signaling can reverse both BCR- and IL-4R–mediated B7h down-regulation. These data suggest that the CD40–CD40 ligand signaling pathway regulates B7h expression on activated B cells and may control whether antigen-activated B cells can express B7h and costimulate cognate antigen–activated T cells through ICOS.
Managerial Discretion

Scholars have long been interested in when and to what degree managers are able to exert control over their organizations. In this review, we examine managerial discretion, or the latitude of action available to managers. Since its introduction, scholars have attempted to explain when managers will have discretion, what discretion means for organizational outcomes, and how discretion may differentially influence organizational outcomes when it enables or constrains leaders. Our review indicates that while a significant number of studies have examined discretion, few have attempted to validate the prescriptions of the managerial discretion construct. Furthermore, studies to date have primarily focused on the industry task environment as a measure of discretion, with less attention focused on the manager’s characteristics and the internal organization. We then assess construct validity and the measurement of managerial discretion, offering recommendations to future researchers for improving the operationalization of this construct. Finally, we consider how discretion forces may interact as either complements or substitutes and how such interactions may have both organizational- and individual-level consequences.
Sensitization to Aspergillus species is associated with frequent exacerbations in severe asthma

Background Severe asthma is a largely heterogeneous disease with varying phenotypic profiles. The relationship between specific allergen sensitization and asthma severity, particularly in Asia, remains unclear. We aim to study the prevalence of specific allergen sensitization patterns and investigate their association with outcomes in a severe asthma cohort in an Asian setting. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients receiving step 4 or 5 Global Initiative for Asthma treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between sensitization to a specific identifiable allergen by skin prick test (SPT) and uncontrolled asthma (defined in our study as the use of ≥2 steroid bursts or hospitalization in the past year, a history of near-fatal asthma or evidence of airflow obstruction on spirometry). Results Two hundred and six severe asthma patients (mean age 45±17 years, 99 [48.1%] male) were evaluated. Of them, 78.2% had a positive SPT to one or more allergens. The most common allergen to which patients were sensitized was house dust mites (Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae). Also, 11.7% were sensitized to Aspergillus species. On multivariate analysis, Aspergillus sensitization was associated with uncontrolled asthma (odds ratio 6.07, 95% confidence interval 1.80–20.51). In particular, Aspergillus sensitization was independently associated with the use of ≥2 steroid bursts in the past year (odds ratio 3.05, 95% confidence interval 1.04–8.95). No similar associations of uncontrolled asthma with sensitization to any other allergens were found. Conclusion High allergen, specifically Aspergillus sensitization was observed in the Asian population with severe asthma by SPT. Aspergillus sensitization was specifically associated with frequent exacerbations and a greater corticosteroid requirement. An improved understanding of the severe asthma with Aspergillus sensitization phenotype is warranted, which is likely a subgroup of severe asthma with fungal sensitization.
Investigating Effect of Origami-Based Instruction on Elementary Students’ Spatial Skills and Perceptions

ABSTRACT The authors’ purpose was to investigate the effect of origami-based instruction on elementary students’ spatial ability. The students’ self-reported perceptions related to the origami-based instruction were also examined. Data was collected via purposive sampling techniques from students enrolled in a private elementary school. A spatial ability test (SAT) was used to measure the students’ ability in mentally manipulating objects and their parts in 2- and 3-dimensional spaces. In addition to the SAT, reflection papers and interviews were used. The results indicated that origami-based instruction had a positive effect on the students’ spatial ability scores. The data analysis showed that the students developed positive opinions about origami-based instruction and its relation to mathematics; however, they experienced difficulties when folding the paper.
Quicklink selection for navigational query results

Quicklinks for a website are navigational shortcuts displayed below the website homepage on a search results page, and that let the users directly jump to selected points inside the website. Since the real-estate on a search results page is constrained and valuable, picking the best set of quicklinks to maximize the benefits for a majority of the users becomes an important problem for search engines. Using user browsing trails obtained from browser toolbars, and a simple probabilistic model, we formulate the quicklink selection problem as a combinatorial optimizaton problem. We first demonstrate the hardness of the objective, and then propose an algorithm that is provably within a factor of 1-1/e of the optimal. We also propose a different algorithm that works on trees and that can find the optimal solution; unlike the previous algorithm, this algorithm can incorporate natural constraints on the set of chosen quicklinks. The efficacy of our methods is demonstrated via empirical results on both a manually labeled set of websites and a set for which quicklink click-through rates for several webpages were obtained from a real-world search engine.