Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ocean loading corrections for continuous GPS: A case study at the Canadian coastal site Holberg

The continuous GPS stations of the Western Canada Deformation Array (WCDA) are subject to movements due to the loading of the lithosphere by ocean tides. Using 4 weeks of continuous GPS data, this study examines the effects of ocean loading corrections at the coastal site HOLB. Theoretical ocean loading displacements were based on the Grenoble Global Model FES95.2, modified by detailed modeling of nearby coastal ocean cells. Positions for HOLB were obtained using the Bernese software for 3hr and 24hr solutions with hourly tropospheric delay estimates in both cases. Without ocean loading corrections, the 3hr‐computed heights had daily variations as large as 8 cm that were well correlated with tidal predictions. Application of ocean loading corrections to these solutions removed the tidal correlations and reduced the variance by a factor of two. The repeatability of the 24hr vertical positions was not significantly improved by the addition of ocean loading corrections. However, for these daily solutions without loading corrections, a significant amount of the relative vertical tidal motion of the station was absorbed in the (1hr) tropospheric delay estimates. We conclude that constraining station position for HOLB, in our case to a daily average, can bias short‐term estimates of zenith delay by up to 10 mm and, in turn, estimates of precipitable water vapour by several millimetres.
Dual use of smokeless tobacco or e-cigarettes with cigarettes and cessation.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate predictors of dual use of cigarettes with smokeless tobacco or e-cigarettes. METHODS Adult smokers (N = 1324) completed online cross-sectional surveys. Logistic regression evaluated predictors of dual use and cigarette quit attempts. RESULTS Smokeless tobacco dual use was associated with past attempts to quit smoking by switching to smokeless products. E-cigarette dual use was associated with using stop-smoking medication and strong anti-tobacco industry attitudes. Ever use of stop-smoking medication was associated with quit attempts among dual e-cigarette users and cigarette-only users. CONCLUSIONS Dual users are more likely than cigarette-only users to endorse certain cessation-related attitudes and behaviors. This may provide an opportunity for clinicians or others to discuss evidence-based strategies for smoking cessation.
Linear and nonlinear parametric model identification to assess granger causality in short-term cardiovascular interactions

We assessed directional relationships between short RR interval and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability series according to the concept of Granger causality. Causality was quantified as the predictability improvement (PI) of a time series obtained when samples of the other series were used for prediction, i.e. moving from autoregressive (AR) to AR exogenous (ARX) prediction. AR and ARX predictions were performed both by linear and nonlinear parametric models. The PIs of RR given SAP and of SAP given RR, measuring baroreflex and mechanical couplings, were calculated in 15 healthy subjects in the resting supine and upright tilt positions. Using nonlinear models we found a bilateral interaction between the two series, unbalanced towards the mechanical direction at rest and balanced after tilt. The utilization of linear AR and ARX models led to higher prediction accuracy but comparable trends of predictability and causality measures.
The Apedale tuffs, North Staffordshire: probable remnants of a late Asbian/Brigantian (P1a) volcanic centre

Abstract A borehole sunk in 1920–21 at Apedale, North Staffordshire, unexpectedly proved a tuff-dominated sequence, at least 840m thick, below a thin cover of Silesian sedimentary rocks. The tuffs were initially interpreted as Dinantian in age. However, there are similarities of form and lineament between an aeromagnetic anomaly centred upon Apedale and anomalies in the Welsh Marches associated with Neoproterozoic (Uriconian) rocks, suggesting that Neoproterozoic rocks occur at Apedale and that the tuffs in Apedale Borehole might also be of this age. Recent modelling of geophysical data shows that Apedale is underlain by two (magnetic) volcanic bodies — a deeper ridge of probable Uriconian rock, and a shallower, broadly stratiform body which includes the tuffs in the Apedale Borehole. Comparison of the tuffs at Apedale with others in the region suggests that they are of P1a (late Asbian to early Brigantian) age. Although our knowledge of the extent of the Apedale tuffs is poor, their thickness shows that they erupted from one of the largest centres of Dinantian volcanism in central England. The trace element geochemistry is very similar to that of Dinantian volcanic rocks in southwest England.
Style Transfer in Text: Exploration and Evaluation

The ability to transfer styles of texts or images, is an important measurement of the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI). However, the progress in language style transfer is lagged behind other domains, such as computer vision, mainly because of the lack of parallel data and reliable evaluation metrics. In response to the challenge of lacking parallel data, we explore learning style transfer from non-parallel data. We propose two models to achieve this goal. The key idea behind the proposed models is to learn separate content representations and style representations using adversarial networks. Considering the problem of lacking principle evaluation metrics, we propose two novel evaluation metrics that measure two aspects of style transfer: transfer strength and content preservation. We benchmark our models and the evaluation metrics on two style transfer tasks: paper-news title transfer, and positive-negative review transfer. Results show that the proposed content preservation metric is highly correlate to human judgments, and the proposed models are able to generate sentences with similar content preservation score but higher style transfer strength comparing to auto-encoder.
Ground‐based microwave monitoring of middle atmosphere ozone: Comparison to lidar and Stratospheric and Gas Experiment II satellite observations

A dedicated ground-based microwave radiometer was in operation to monitor the middle atmospheric ozone concentration at Table Mountain Facility (TMF) of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California (34.4 deg N, 117.7 deg W) from July 1989 to June 1992, as a part of the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change. Ozone profiles from 56 to 0.04 mbar (approximately 20 - 70 km) were retrieved from the microwave data. The focus in this paper is to validate the microwave ozone observations from 56 to 1 mbar by comparing the results from a JPL ground-based lidar located at the same site and from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment 2 (SAGE 2) satellite overpasses within 1000 km of TMF and to examine the ability of these instruments to detect short-term, seasonal, and annual variations in ozone. The profile comparison results show that the mean differences of microwave ozone from lidar and SAGE 2 are about 5% or less and the root-mean-square scatter about the mean is mainly from the precision of the instruments. A correlation analysis of ozone time series suggests highly significant correlations up to 2.4 mbar between lidar and microwave measurements and up to 1 mbar between SAGE 2 andmore » microwave. The short-term and seasonal variation of the ozone profile seen in the microwave measurements is shown to be consistent with the observations of lidar and SAGE 2, and the interannual variation of ozone appears to be detectable within an accuracy of a few percent with the microwave instrument. « less
Volatility Forecasts and the At-the-Money Implied Volatility: A Multi-Components ARCH Approach and its Relation with Market Models

This article explores the relationships between several forecasts for the volatility built from multi-scale linear ARCH processes, and linear market models for the forward variance. This shows that the structures of the forecast equations are identical, but with different dependencies on the forecast horizon. The process equations for the forward variance are induced by the process equations for an ARCH model, but postulated in a market model. In the ARCH case, they are different from the usual diffusive type. The conceptual differences between both approaches and their implication for volatility forecasts are analysed. The volatility forecast is compared with the realized volatility (the volatility that will occur between date t and t + ΔT), and the implied volatility (corresponding to an at-the-money option with expiry at t + ΔT). For the ARCH forecasts, the parameters are set a priori. An empirical analysis across multiple time horizons ΔT shows that a forecast provided by an I-GARCH(1) process (one time scale) does not capture correctly the dynamics of the realized volatility. An I-GARCH(2) process (two time scales, similar to GARCH(1,1)) is better, while a long-memory LM-ARCH process (multiple time scales) replicates correctly the dynamics of the implied and realized volatilities and delivers consistently good forecasts for the realized volatility.
Kalaycı, Ş. (Ed.) (2006). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.

Bu calismada, editorlugu Doc. Dr. Şeref Kalayci tarafindan yapilan ve Asil Yayin Dagitim tarafindan yayinlanan “SPSS Uygulamali Cok Degiskenli Istatistik Uygulamalari” adli kitabin degerlendirmesi yapilmistir
The site of platelet destruction in thrombocytopenic purpura as a predictive index of the efficacy of splenectomy

Summary The significance of the site of platelet sequestration in determining the indication for splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a controversial subject. However, most of the negative conclusions are based on 51chromium labelling of homologous platelets. We report here the results of an analysis of 222 cases in which the kinetic study of 111indium‐oxinate‐labelled autologous platelets was performed under homogeneous technical conditions. 103 of these patients subsequently underwent splenectomy.
Nearly Complete Skeleton of Tetraclaenodon (Mammalia, Phenacodontidae) from the Early Paleocene of New Mexico: Morpho-Functional Analysis

Abstract We describe the relatively complete skeleton of Tetraclaenodon undoubtedly associated with its dentition, from the Torrejonian interval of the Nacimiento Formation in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Tetraclaenodon is the most primitive and oldest genus of the family Phenacodontidae and is very important for assessing the phylogenetic relationships of the family. The newly described skeleton belonged to a lightly built terrestrial mammal that could use trees for shelter. The structure of the ulna, manus, femur, crus, and pes corresponds to that of a typical terrestrial mammal, while morphological features such as the low greater tubercle of the humerus, long deltopectoral crest, pronounced lateral supracondylar crest, and hemispherical capitulum indicate some scansorial adaptations of Tetraclaenodon. The postcranial skeleton of Tetraclaenodon does not exhibit the cursorial adaptations seen in later phenacodontids and early perissodactyls. Phylogenetic analysis did not recover monophyletic “Phenacodontidae”; instead, phenacodontids formed a series of sister taxa to the Altungulata clade. Tetraclaenodon is the basal-most member of the “Phenacodontidae” + Altungulata clade.
How Prediction Errors Shape Perception, Attention, and Motivation

Prediction errors (PE) are a central notion in theoretical models of reinforcement learning, perceptual inference, decision-making and cognition, and prediction error signals have been reported across a wide range of brain regions and experimental paradigms. Here, we will make an attempt to see the forest for the trees and consider the commonalities and differences of reported PE signals in light of recent suggestions that the computation of PE forms a fundamental mode of brain function. We discuss where different types of PE are encoded, how they are generated, and the different functional roles they fulfill. We suggest that while encoding of PE is a common computation across brain regions, the content and function of these error signals can be very different and are determined by the afferent and efferent connections within the neural circuitry in which they arise.
Spatiotemporal Variation in Tropospheric Column Ozone over East Asia Observed by GOME and Ozonesondes

We analyzed tropospheric column ozone (TCO) observed by the GOME-1 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment; European Space Agency, 1995) and ozonesondes to determine the spatiotemporal variation in TCO over East Asia from 1996 to 2003. An enhanced TCO belt (E-TCO belt) was observed at approximately 35°N throughout the year. The E-TCO belt moved northward from winter to summer and southward from summer to winter, strongly suggesting connection with the seasonal variation of meteorological conditions. The large enhancement of TCO found over central China in summer suggests that there is significant outflow of ozone from that region. This study presents the first satellite-derived comprehensive picture of the TCO spatiotemporal variation over East Asia, which has not been obtained from limited ground-based measurements.
Lethal effects of selected novel pesticides on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).

BACKGROUND Trichogramma pretiosum Riley is an important egg parasitoid and biological control agent of caterpillar pests. We studied the acute toxicity of 20 pesticides (14 insecticides/miticides, three fungicides and three herbicides) exposed to recommended field rates. Egg, larval, and pupal stages of the parasitoid in their hosts were dipped in formulated solutions of the pesticides and evaluated 10 days later for percentage of host eggs with holes, number of parasitoids emerged per egg with holes, and stage-specific mortality of immature as well as adult wasps within the host eggs. RESULTS Seven insecticides (buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, spirotetramat, flonicamid, flubendiamide) and miticides (spiromesifen, cyflumetofen), one herbicide (nicosulfuron), and three fungicides (myclobutanil, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole) caused no significant mortality to immature stages or pre-emergent adult parasitoids relative to controls. By contrast, seven insecticides/miticides (abamectin, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, fipronil, novaluron, spinetoram, tolfenpyrad) adversely affected immature and pre-emergent adult T. pretiosum, with tolfenpyrad being particularly lethal. Two herbicides had moderate (glufosinate ammonium) to severe (s-metolachlor) acute lethal effects on the immature parasitoids. CONCLUSIONS This study corroborates earlier findings with adult T. pretiosum. Over half of the pesticides - and all the fungicides - tested in the current study would appear to be compatible with the use of T. pretiosum in integrated pest management programs, with respect to acute parasitoid mortality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
European Ad Hoc Retrieval Experiments with Hummingbird SearchServerTM at CLEF 2005

Hummingbird participated in the 4 monolingual information retrieval tasks (Bulgarian, French, Hungarian and Portuguese) of the Ad-Hoc Track of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) 2005. In the ad hoc retrieval tasks, the system was given 50 natural language queries, and the goal was to find all of the relevant documents (with high precision) in a particular document set. We conducted diagnostic experiments with different techniques for matching word variations and handling stopwords. We found that the experimental stemmers significantly increased mean average precision for the 4 languages. Analysis of individual topics found that the algorithmic Bulgarian and Hungarian stemmers encountered some unanticipated stopword collisions. A comparison to an experimental 4-gram technique suggested that Hungarian stemming would further benefit from decompounding. A blind feedback technique which significantly increased mean average precision for some languages was also significantly detrimental to the rank of the first relevant retrieved for one language.
Learning to Communicate: The Emergence of Signaling in Spatialized Arrays of Neural Nets

We work with a large spatialized array of individuals in an environment of drifting food sources and predators. The behavior of each individual is generated by its simple neural net; individuals arecapable of making one of two sounds and are capable of responding to sounds from their immediate neighbors by opening their mouths or hiding. An individual whose mouth is open in the presence of food is 'fed' and gains points; an individual who fails to hide when a predator is present is 'hurt' by losing points. Opening mouths, hiding, and making sounds each exact an energy cost. There is no direct evolutionary gain for acts of cooperation or 'successful communication' per se. In such an environment we start with a spatialized array of neural nets with randomized weights. Using standard learning algorithms, our individuals 'train up' on the behavior of successful neighbors at regular intervals. Given that simple setup, will a community of neural nets evolve a simple language for signaling the presence of food and predators? With important qualifications, the answer is yes. 'In a simple spatial environment, pursuing individualistic gains and using partial training on successful neighbors, randomized neural nets can learn to communicate.
Variability of sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean as inferred from Aquarius and in situ data sets

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is one of the key components of the Earth’s global water cycle. Reliable information on SSS is very important for ocean modelling, data assimilation, and ocean and climate research applications. In this study, SSS variability in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) was analysed using the Aquarius instrument on board the SAC-D satellite and in situ observations from the Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) buoys and Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) data sets for the period 2012–2013. Comparison of two recent versions (V2 and V3) of Aquarius-based SSS estimates to nine RAMA buoys on a daily timescale showed excellent mutual agreement. The systematic underestimation of SSS by satellite-based V2 products over the TIO shows a clear advantage for the new version product (V3). A larger root-mean-square error of the order of 0.50 psu in the satellite-based SSS was observed over the highly variable (larger standard deviation) Bay of Bengal region as compared with ARGO data sets. In the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean region, satellite-based SSS overestimated SSS below 34 psu and underestimated SSS of 34–35 psu as compared with ARGO data. However, the V3 SSS from Aquarius showed marginal improvement over V2 SSS. Monthly variation and fast Fourier analysis of the satellite-based SSS estimates are in reasonably good agreement with in situ observations which suggest that Aquarius is able to capture SSS variability in the TIO. The Aquarius-based V3 SSS showed a temporal autocorrelation of 0.6 over most parts of the TIO up to day 10, and decreased gradually with time. Overall analysis suggests that Aquarius-derived V3 SSS can detect variability in SSS satisfactorily in the TIO and is in reasonably good agreement with in situ observations.
3D discrete curvelet transform

In this paper, we present the first 3D discrete curvelet transform. This transform is an extension to the 2D transform described in Candes et al.1 The resulting curvelet frame preserves the important properties, such as parabolic scaling, tightness and sparse representation for singularities of codimension one. We describe three different implementations: in-core, out-of-core and MPI-based parallel implementations. Numerical results verify the desired properties of the 3D curvelets and demonstrate the efficiency of our implementations.
Effect of Abrasive Machining on the Electrical Properties Cu86Mn12Ni2 Alloy Shunts

This paper studies the effect of abrasive trimming on the electrical properties of Cu86Mn12Ni2 Manganin alloy shunt resistors. A precision abrasive trimming system for fine tuning the resistance tolerance of high current Manganin shunt resistors is proposed. The system is shown to be capable of reducing the resistance tolerance of 100 μΩ shunts from their standard value of ±5% to <±1% by removing controlled amounts of Manganin material using a square cut trim geometry. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), high current, and high temperature performance of the trimmed shunts was compared to that of untrimmed parts to determine if trimming had any detrimental effect on these key electrical performance parameters of the device. It was shown that the TCR value was reduced following trimming with typical results of +106 ppm/°C and +93 ppm/°C for untrimmed and trimmed parts respectively. When subjected to a high current of 200 A the trimmed parts showed a slight increase in temperature rise to 203 °C, as compared to 194 °C for the untrimmed parts, but both had significant temporary increases in resistance of up to 1.3 μΩ. The results for resistance change following high temperature storage at 200 °C for 168 h were also significant for both untrimmed and trimmed parts with shifts of 1.85% and 2.29% respectively and these results were related to surface oxidation of the Manganin alloy which was accelerated for the freshly exposed surfaces of the trimmed part.
Understanding and Exploiting Language Diversity

Languages are well known to be diverse on all structural levels, from the smallest (phonemic) to the broadest (pragmatic). We propose a set of formal, quantitative measures for the language diversity of linguistic phenomena, the resource incompleteness, and resource incorrectness. We apply all these measures to lexical semantics where we show how evidence of a high degree of universality within a given language set can be used to extend lexico-semantic resources in a precise, diversity-aware manner. We demonstrate our approach on several case studies: First is on polysemes and homographs among cases of lexical ambiguity. Contrarily to past research that focused solely on exploiting systematic polysemy, the notion of universality provides us with an automated method also capable of predicting irregular polysemes. Second is to automatically identify cognates from the existing lexical resource across different orthographies of genetically unrelated languages. Contrarily to past research that focused on detecting cognates from 225 concepts of Swadesh list, we captured 3.1 million cognate pairs across 40 different orthographies and 335 languages by exploiting the existing wordnet-like lexical resources.
An intercomparison of four mixed layer models in a shallow inland sea

Four mixed layer (ML) models after Denman [1973] (KLD), Garwood [1977] (RWG), McCormick and Scavia [1981] (K), and Thompson [1976] (RT) were compared against an extensive water temperature data set collected in the central basin of Lake Erie during the summer of 1979. Results suggest that all four models are nearly equal in their ability to satisfactorily simulate surface water temperatures. However, if diurnal physical processes are of interest, then the model ability to simulate both the ML depth and the energy level associated with entrainment dh/dt becomes crucial. While three of the models, KLD, RT, and RWG, were satisfactory in simulating the ML depth, only two of the models RT and RWG, were satisfactory in matching the energy levels seen in the entrainment spectra of dh/dt. This agreement suggests that the shear velocity ΔV entrainment scaling plays a critical role in the cycling of shallow depth mixed layers.