Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Not This One”

The emergent new media ecology which integrates participatory media into the structure of global information flows has fundamentally affected the means of production and distribution of attention, a key resource for social movements. In social movement scholarship, attention itself is rarely examined directly; rather, it is encountered in the study of means of delivering attention such as mass media or celebrities. This conflation of the resource, attention, and the pathways to acquire it, such as mass media, was less of an analytic problem when mass media enjoyed a near monopoly on public attention. However, the paths connecting movement actors and public attention are increasingly multiplex and include civic and social media. In this article, I examine the concept of attention as a distinct analytic category, reevaluate social movement scholarship in light of weakening of the monopoly on public attention, and introduce and examine a novel dynamic brought about by emergent attention economy: networked microcelebrity activism. I examine this novel dynamic through case studies and raise questions for future exploration.
RIASEC TYPES AND BIG FIVE TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT

This prospective study investigated the validity of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality and Holland's RIASEC vocational interest typology in predicting employment status and the nature of employment in a sample of graduating college seniors as they entered the job market. A sample of 934 senior college graduates enrolled in various academic subjects filled in Costa and McCrae's NEO-PI-R (1992) and Holland's Self-Directed Search (1979). One year after graduation, they were requested to describe their labor market positions and jobs, using the Position Classification Inventory (PCI; Gottfredson & Holland, 1991). Six hundred and twelve people responded to the second call, of whom 335 were employed and 66 unemployed. The incremental validity of the 2 models over and above each other was investigated in the sample of employed and unemployed subjects (N= 401) using stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that Extraversion and Conscientiousness were the only valid predictors of employment status and that vocational interests did not show incremental validity over and above these factors. The RIASEC types, however, were clearly superior in explaining the nature of employment, underscoring the validity of Holland's hexagonal calculus assumptions. Employment reflecting Realistic, Social and Enterprising characteristics was to a limited extent predicted by four of the Big Five, except Neuroticism, over and above the RIASEC types. The findings are discussed in the framework of Schneider's Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA) theory (1987) concluding that Holland's RIASEC model is more employee-driven, being better at predicting the nature of employment, whereas the FFM is more employer-oriedted, with greater validity in evaluating the employability and employment status of applicants.
Fatty acid binding protein 4 enhances prostate cancer progression by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases and stromal cell cytokine production

Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an abundant protein in adipocytes, and its production is influenced by high-fat diet (HFD) or obesity. The prostate stromal microenvironment induces proinflammatory cytokine production, which is key for the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show that high FABP4 expression and its secretion by PCa cells directly stimulated PCa cell invasiveness by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. In addition, prostate stromal cells augmented PCa cell invasiveness by secreting interleukin-8 and -6 in response to FABP4. This was abrogated by the FABP4 specific inhibitor, BMS309403. Furthermore, a mouse xenograft experiment showed HFD enhanced PCa metastasis and invasiveness by the upregulation of FABP4 and interleukin-8. Clinically, the serum level of FABP4 was significantly associated with an aggressive type of PCa rather than obesity. Taken together, FABP4 may enhance PCa progression and invasiveness by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases and cytokine production in the PCa stromal microenvironment, especially under HFD or obesity.
Combined Targeting of BRAF and CRAF or BRAF and PI3K Effector Pathways Is Required for Efficacy in NRAS Mutant Tumors

Background Oncogenic RAS is a highly validated cancer target. Attempts at targeting RAS directly have so far not succeeded in the clinic. Understanding downstream RAS-effectors that mediate oncogenesis in a RAS mutant setting will help tailor treatments that use RAS-effector inhibitors either alone or in combination to target RAS-driven tumors. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we have investigated the sufficiency of targeting RAS-effectors, RAF, MEK and PI3-Kinase either alone or in combination in RAS mutant lines, using an inducible shRNA in vivo mouse model system. We find that in colon cancer cells harboring a KRASG13D mutant allele, knocking down KRAS alone or the RAFs in combination or the RAF effectors, MEK1 and MEK2, together is effective in delaying tumor growth in vivo. In melanoma cells harboring an NRASQ61L or NRASQ61K mutant allele, we find that targeting NRAS alone or both BRAF and CRAF in combination or both BRAF and PIK3CA together showed efficacy. Conclusion/Significance Our data indicates that targeting oncogenic NRAS-driven melanomas require decrease in both pERK and pAKT downstream of RAS-effectors for efficacy. This can be achieved by either targeting both BRAF and CRAF or BRAF and PIK3CA simultaneously in NRAS mutant tumor cells.
Nitric Oxide Decreases Endothelial Activation by Rat Experimental Severe Pancreatitis-Associated Ascitic Fluids

To clarify the roles of nitric oxide (NO) in acute pancreatitis (AP), we examined the effects of NO on the endothelial activation induced by ascitic fluids from rats with experimental severe AP. Necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in male Wistar rats with sodium taurocholate. Six hours later, peritoneal exudates were collected, centrifuged, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with the supernatants. Then (a) the mRNA level of endothelial-type NO synthase (ecNOS) was examined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction; (b) effects of an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and an inhibitor of NOS, Nω-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA) on the ascitic fluids–induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and interleukin-8 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunoassay; (c) nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-&kgr;B) was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay; and (d) effects of SNP and L-NNA on the adhesion of U937 cells to endothelial monolayer were assessed. The ecNOS mRNA level was decreased by the ascitic fluids; ascitic fluids–induced expression of adhesion molecules and interleukin-8 as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-&kgr;B were attenuated by SNP, whereas L-NNA augmented them; and the effects on the endothelial activation were paralleled by the altered adhesion of U937 cells to endothelium. The ability of NO to limit endothelial activation and inhibit leukocyte adhesion might contribute to its antiinflammatory properties in AP.
The Subaltern Moment in Hegel's Dialectic

I stage the question ‘What about dialectics? ’ by showing Frantz Fanon's insurrectionary fidelity to Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and his dialectic. Fanon is an acute and disloyal reader of Hegel, and relentlessly probes the moment of negation in Hegel's dialectic to pry it open for an emancipatory, nonsublative politics of a ‘new humanity’. Fanon's attempts to side with the radical implications of otherness disclose the ‘subaltern moment’ in Hegel's dialectic and leave us a deformed Hegel, profoundly equivocal and no longer easily named (hence, recognized) as the philosopher of synthesis and reconciliation.
On Outcomes-Based Education and Creativity in South Africa.

This article questions the potential of Outcomes-based education (OBE) in South Africa to be rational and imaginative, that is, creative. Our contention is that the notions of outcomes seems to be trapped in a technicist orientation of deciding in advance what is good and worthwhile for learners to do in education. We argue that OBE is not a sufficient justification of what education means, thus impeding the very act of creative reconstructions of knowledge.
Prospective teachers’ perceptions of development during fieldwork: Tutoring as a vehicle for professional growth

Abstract This study examines elementary and secondary prospective teachers’ perceptions of the ways in which their experiences as tutors in school‐based tutoring programs influenced their professional development. Data collected from a survey questionnaire, reflective papers, and individual and focus group interviews revealed five main ways that these undergraduate and graduate education students perceived the tutoring experiences contributed to their professional growth. They described development in the following understandings: school students, pedagogical strategies, relationships with colleagues in school settings, the teaching/learning process, and reflective practice. All of these understandings were reported as increasing their self‐confidence as developing educators.
Communication Medium and Member Familiarity

The effects of communication medium and member familiarity on decision time, member satisfaction, and decision accuracy were explored. The study represents the first known attempt to examine the role of member familiarity on the study variables in face-to-face (FTF) and computer-mediated (CM) mediums. The results of 71 three-person groups revealed familiarity affected decision time and accuracy within the CM condition. For CM groups only, as member familiarity among group members increased, decision time decreased, and unexpectedly decision accuracy decreased. Another finding for CM group members was an indication that familiarity increased satisfaction with group process. Last, satisfaction with communication medium was only influenced by the communication medium (CM group members were less satisfied). It appears that familiarity plays a larger role in CM groups than in FTF groups. Implications are discussed.
The association between working alliance and clinical and functional outcome in a cohort of 400 patients with first-episode psychosis: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE Working alliance between patients with a first-episode psychosis and their case manager is regarded as a key element in specialized early intervention services. The impact of this patient-case manager dyad on functional and clinical outcome is unknown. We aimed to investigate if a strong working alliance was associated with fewer clinical symptoms and better social functioning. METHOD In a cross-sectional design, patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ICD-10, F20-29) were included after 18 months of treatment (N = 400). Baseline data were collected between June 2009 and December 2011. Symptoms were assessed using Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and General Self-Efficacy (GSE). Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, cognition, and self-efficacy. RESULTS Results revealed significant associations between working alliance and fewer negative (β = -0.12; 95% CI, -0.19 to -0.04) and disorganized symptoms (β = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.01), and between working alliance and better social functioning (β = 1.45; 95% CI, 0.55 to 2.36). General self-efficacy mediated the effect of working alliance, explaining 14%-18% of the variance in associated outcomes. Global level of cognitive functioning, compliance, and self-efficacy influenced clinical and functional outcome more strongly than working alliance. CONCLUSIONS Better working alliance was weakly associated with fewer negative and disorganized symptoms and better social functioning. A strong working alliance may be a prerequisite for adherence to the specialized early intervention services treatment, providing the basis for positive treatment outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00914238.
Salinity in Drinking Water and the Risk of (Pre)Eclampsia and Gestational Hypertension in Coastal Bangladesh: A Case-Control Study

Background Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are among the leading causes of maternal and perinatal death in low-income countries, but the aetiology remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between salinity in drinking water and the risk of (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension in a coastal community. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted in Dacope, Bangladesh among 202 pregnant women with (pre)eclampsia or gestational hypertension, enrolled from the community served by the Upazilla Health Complex, Dacope and 1,006 matched controls from the same area. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained from all participants. Urinary sodium and sodium levels in drinking water were measured. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Findings Drinking water sources had exceptionally high sodium levels (mean 516.6 mg/L, S.D 524.2). Women consuming tube-well (groundwater) were at a higher disease risk than rainwater users (p<0.001). Adjusted risks for (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension considered together increased in a dose-response manner for increasing sodium concentrations (300.01–600 mg/L, 600.1–900 mg/L, >900.01 mg/L, compared to <300 mg/L) in drinking water (ORs 3.30 [95% CI 2.00–5.51], 4.40 [2.70–7.25] and 5.48 [3.30–9.11] (p-trend<0.001). Significant associations were seen for both (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension separately. Interpretation Salinity in drinking water is associated with increased risk of (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension in this population. Given that coastal populations in countries such as Bangladesh are confronted with high salinity exposure, which is predicted to further increase as a result of sea level rise and other environmental influences, it is imperative to develop and evaluate affordable approaches to providing water with low salt content.
Work Experiences of Graduates from Doctoral Programs in Sport Psychology

Abstract This study surveys recently graduated sport psychology (SP) doctoral students' (N = 34) educational backgrounds, work experiences, and perceptions of the professional field of SP inside and outside the realm of academia. Special attention was given to subjects' perceptions and expectations with regard to applied work in SP, actual work experiences, and income. Findings indicate that almost all graduates are spending their time in a variety of work activities, i.e., some combination of teaching, research, consulting, administration, and coaching, with a strong emphasis on teaching in an academic institution. Gender analysis revealed that, in general, females earned 74% of what males earned; females earned 53% of what males earned outside academia. Graduates' personal comments suggest a concern about consumer demand and financial support offered applied professionals in SP as well as the adequacy of their own training to provide applied services. Implications for AAASP and SP program directors are .
Cognitive Appraisals and Interest in Visual Art: Exploring an Appraisal Theory of Aesthetic Emotions

Since Berlyne's seminal research, the study of experimental aesthetics has examined interest as a response to art. The present research explores the implications of appraisal theories of emotion for the study of interest as an emotion relevant to aesthetics. Participants viewed pictures of modern experimental visual art and rated each picture for interest and for appraisals of complexity and comprehensibility. Multilevel modeling assessed the within-person effects of appraisals on interest. As predicted by appraisal theories, both appraisals significantly and strongly predicted interest at the within-person level. The within-person relationships were not moderated by individual-differences relevant to interest in art (e.g., trait curiosity). Theories of “aesthetic response” should capitalize on modern theories and findings in emotion psychology.
Family Size, Birth Order, Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, Parent‐Child Relationship, and Preschool Children's Intellectual Development

The contributions of family size, birth orders socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and parent‐child relationships to preschool children's intellectual development were investigated. Seventy‐four children and their biological parents served as subjects. A non‐hierarchical regression analysis applied to the data revealed socioeconomic status of the family and warmth of the father‐child relationship made significant, positive contributions to preschool children's intellectual development. Findings were discussed from the perspective of three competing theoretical positions relative to the contributions of the variables of interest in this study to children's intellectual development.
The Welfare Effects of Horizontal Mergers In Asymmetric Linear Markets

This paper extends Farrell and Shapiro (1990) and Levin (1990) by providing necessary and sufficient conditions for horizontal mergers to be both profitable and welfare-enhancing when market demand and firms' costs are linear. We show that profitable, welfare-enhancing mergers are likely to involve firms whose combined pre-merger market shares exceed 50%, and that mergers may be profitable and welfare-enhancing even when they do not generate any direct cost efficiencies. Our results suggest that any approach to evaluating the welfare effects of horizontal mergers which does not account for industry-wide strategic effects is seriously flawed. JEL Classification Number: L10, L13, L40
A comparative study of Bowman's layer in some mammals: Relationships with other constituent corneal structures.

Existing morphological and morphometric studies of mammalian cornea offer little inform a t i o n about the morphology and morphometry of Bowman's layer. Furtherm o re, no data re g a r ding the relationship between Bowman's layer and other corneal structures are currently available. It is for this reason that we have decided to carry out a comparative study of the main f e a t u res of Bowman's layer in 40 species of mammals (carn i v o res, primates and herbivore s ) and to determine its relationship with other c o rneal layers. The results pointed out the existence of Bowman's layer in nearly all the primates studied. The only exception was the lemur (Lepilemur mustelinus). Bowman's layer was absent in all the carnivores in the study but was present in some herbivores (deer, sambar deer, giraffe, ox, zebu and eland). In addition, there appears to be a certain relationship between the presence of Bowman's layer and the thickness of the epithelium and Descemet's membrane.
A multilevel perspective on the relationship between interpersonal justice and negative feedback‐seeking behaviour

Drawing on social information processing theory, this study uses a multilevel design to integrate the literature on organizational justice with the literature on feedbackseeking behaviour. Results from a laboratory study with data involving 690 employees showed that individual-level interpersonal justice was related to employee negative feedback-seeking behaviour (NFSB) via the mediation of trust in the supervisor. Multilevel analysis of the follow-up field study with data involving 390 employees from 46 teams confirmed the findings of the laboratory study and indicated that team-level interpersonal justice was associated with NFSB through a supportive climate. Also, team-level supervisor support climate was positively related to individual-level trust in the supervisor. The paper discusses managerial implications of these findings and suggests directions for future research. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking and judging debates using argumentation : the roles of confirmation, preclusion and reflection

Using argumentation to debate and reach conclusions is a particularly human activity relevant to many professions and applications. Debates exist not only in the Houses of Parliament, but also in such disciplines as medicine and law. In this theoretical thesis I explore three new logical constructs for realistic debate modelling, namely: confirmation, preclusion and reflection. Confirmation is two or more arguments for a claim, used to provide corroboration of evidence. Preclusion is an attacking argument that says ‘one or other of your arguments is wrong’; an argumentation technique used adeptly by Sherlock Holmes and many politicians. Reflection is a way of identifying logical redundancies (i.e. predictable patterns) in the argument data structure of a debate. A reflection originates from an unpredictable ‘reflector’ argument and gives rise to the predictable or ‘reflected’ argument. One type of reflection can be said to ‘flow down’ a tree of arguments, where the reflector is nearer the root and the reflected arguments further from the root, while another kind ‘flows up’ the tree in the reverse direction. Incorporating preclusion into the model of reflection increases this to four distinct types of reflection, two up-tree and two down-tree. The value of identifying and removing reflections is to ensure intuitive, or arguably ‘correct’, results when judging debates, be that judgement based on the existence or number of arguments. Removing reflection also aids human comprehension of the debate as it reduces the number of arguments involved. This logical analysis of reflection and preclusion leads to the definition of a reflection-free, preclusion-aware, debate-tracking tree. Finally, the framework addresses judging the tree to determine who won the debate, with a proposal that takes confirmation into account when reaching conclusions. Confirmation assessment is helpful in resolving inconsistencies. Out of scope are notions of alternating moves by competing players and computational complexity.
Dopaminergic regulation of orexin neurons

Orexin/hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and adjacent perifornical area (LH/PFA) innervate midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons that project to corticolimbic sites and subserve psychostimulant‐induced locomotor activity. However, it is not known whether dopamine neurons in turn regulate the activity of orexin cells. We examined the ability of dopamine agonists to activate orexin neurons in the rat, as reflected by induction of Fos. The mixed dopamine agonist apomorphine increased Fos expression in orexin cells, with a greater effect on orexin neurons located medial to the fornix. Both the selective D1‐like agonist, A‐77636, and the D2‐like agonist, quinpirole, also induced Fos in orexin cells, suggesting that stimulation of either receptor subtype is sufficient to activate orexin neurons. Consistent with this finding, combined SCH 23390 (D1 antagonist)–haloperidol (D2 antagonist) pretreatment blocked apomorphine‐induced activation of medial as well as lateral orexin neurons; in contrast, pretreatment with either the D1‐like or D2‐like antagonists alone did not attenuate apomorphine‐induced activation of medial orexin cells. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that LH/PFA cells rarely express mRNAs encoding dopamine receptors, suggesting that orexin cells are transsynaptically activated by apomorphine. We therefore lesioned the nucleus accumbens, a site known to regulate orexin cells, but this treatment did not alter apomorphine‐elicited activation of medial or lateral orexin neurons. Interestingly, apomorphine failed to activate orexin cells in isoflurane‐anaesthetized animals. These data suggest that apomorphine‐induced arousal but not accumbens‐mediated hyperactivity is required for dopamine to transsynaptically activate orexin neurons.