Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal Heating and Lithospheric Alteration and Erosion Associated With Asthenospheric Upwelling Beneath Southern New England (USA)

The Northern Appalachian Anomaly (NAA), a region of exceptionally low seismic velocities in the asthenosphere beneath southern New England and easternmost New York State, has been interpreted as a site of mantle upwelling. We synthesize a combination of new and previously published data that indicates the following: (1) The upwelling has eroded or delaminated the lithosphere in a localized region centered in southern Vermont that we call the “Green Mountains Anomaly. ” Forty‐second period Rayleigh wave phase velocities, which have peak sensitivity at lithospheric depths, are slow in this region, and S wave receiver functions are dominated by shallow (60‐km depth) mantle structures indicating reduced velocities. Thermal springs and sites with anomalously high concentrations of mantle‐derived helium‐3 are concentrated at the borders of the Green Mountains anomaly, perhaps due to stress concentrations produced by geologically recent, uncompensated delamination of the lower lithosphere. (2) S wave receiver functions indicate intense (>10%), shallow (60‐km depth) short wavelength structures along the southern and western edges of the NAA, indicating that the lithosphere there is being intensely altered, possibly by a combination of shearing and introduction of volatiles. And (3) Notwithstanding the localized thinning and alteration, the NAA lithosphere as a whole does not appear to have experienced pervasive heating, for the compressional wave quality factor of QP = 870 inferred from the decay rate of Po waves is very significantly above the QP ≈ 60 value previously reported for the NAA asthenosphere.
Cellular Tropism, Population Dynamics, Host Range and Taxonomic Status of an Aphid Secondary Symbiont, SMLS (Sitobion miscanthi L Type Symbiont)

SMLS (Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont) is a newly reported aphid secondary symbiont. Phylogenetic evidence from molecular markers indicates that SMLS belongs to the Rickettsiaceae and has a sibling relationship with Orientia tsutsugamushi. A comparative analysis of coxA nucleotide sequences further supports recognition of SMLS as a new genus in the Rickettsiaceae. In situ hybridization reveals that SMLS is housed in both sheath cells and secondary bacteriocytes and it is also detected in aphid hemolymph. The population dynamics of SMLS differ from those of Buchnera aphidicola and titer levels of SMLS increase in older aphids. A survey of 13 other aphids reveals that SMLS only occurs in wheat-associated species.
BOVINE POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN VERSUS HEXTEND RESUSCITATION IN A SWINE MODEL OF SEVERE CONTROLLED HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK WITH DELAY TO DEFINITIVE CARE

ABSTRACT To compare the efficacy of low-volume resuscitation with bovine polymerized hemoglobin (HBOC-201) versus hetastarch (HEX) in an intermediate severity combat-relevant hemorrhagic shock swine model with a simulated delay to hospital care. Twenty-four anesthetized pigs were hemorrhaged 55% estimated blood volume in conjunction with a 5-min rectus abdominus crush. At 20 min, pigs were resuscitated with 10 mL/kg of HBOC-201 or HEX or nothing (NON); resuscitated pigs received additional infusions (5 mL/kg) at 30, 60, 120, or 180 min if hypotension or tachycardia persisted. Pigs were monitored for a 4-h "prehospital" period. At 4-h, hospital arrival was simulated: surgical sites were repaired, blood, or saline provided, and pigs were recovered from anesthesia. Pigs were monitored for 72 h and then killed for histological evaluation. One hundred percent (8/8) of HBOC-201-, 75% (6/8) of HEX-, and 25% (2/8) of NON-resuscitated pigs survived to 72 h (P = 0.007 overall, HBOC vs. HEX P > 0.05). Mean arterial pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were highest in the HBOC-201 group (P < 0.001), and HR was lowest (P < 0.001). HBOC-201- and HEX-resuscitated pigs had comparable cardiac index and prehospital fluid requirements. HBOC-201 pigs had higher transcutaneous tissue oxygen tension, P < 0.001) and lower urine output (P < 0.001). At simulated hospital arrival, no HBOC-201 pigs required additional fluids or blood transfusion. In contrast, 100% of HEX pigs required blood transfusions (P < 0.01). In this swine model of controlled hemorrhage with low-volume resuscitation and delayed definitive care, HBOC-201 pigs had improved hemodynamics, transcutaneous tissue oxygen tension, and transfusion avoidance compared with HEX.
Aging effect on plasma metabolites and hormones concentrations in riding horses

Age effects on plasma metabolites, hormone concentrations, and enzyme activities related to energy metabolism were investigated in 20 riding horses. Animals were divided into two groups: Young (3-8 years) and aged (11-18 years). They were clinically healthy, and not obese. Plasma adiponectin (ADN) concentrations in aged horses were significantly lower than those in young horses (mean±SE, 6.5±1.3 µg mL-1 vs, 10.9±1.7 µg mL-1, Mann-Whitney U test, respectively; P=0.0233). Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels and Insulin and malondialdehyde concentrations in aged group tended to increase compared to those in young group although there were not significant differences statistically. In aged group, malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio, which is considered an energy metabolic indicator, did not change significantly compared to that in young group. Present data suggest that aging may negatively affect nutrition metabolism, but not induce remarkable changes in M/L ratio in riding horses.
Transgenic expression of the human LEDGF/p75 gene relieves the species barrier against HIV-1 infection in mouse cells

Attempts to create mouse models for AIDS have been hampered by species barriers in HIV-1 infection. We previously showed that the nuclear accumulation of HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC) was suppressed in mouse cells. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is a host factor identified as a binding partner of integrase (IN), and has been suggested to be involved in promoting viral integration by tethering PIC to the chromatin, which are observed as nuclear accumulation of IN by LEDGF/p75. Therefore, we here hypothesized that this host factor might act as one of the species-specific barriers in mouse cells. We generated transgenic (Tg) mice that constitutively express human (h) LEDGF/p75. The GFP-fused IN was efficiently accumulated into the nucleus of hLEDGF/p75 expressing Tg mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells in contrast to the control MEF cells. Importantly, hLEDGF/p75 Tg MEF cells were significantly more susceptible to HIV-1 infection. These results suggest that LEDGF/p75 is one of the host factors that constitute species barrier against HIV-1 in mouse cells.
GANTASTIC: GAN-based Transfer of Interpretable Directions for Disentangled Image Editing in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models

The rapid advancement in image generation models has predominantly been driven by diffusion models, which have demonstrated unparalleled success in generating high-fidelity, diverse images from textual prompts. Despite their success, diffusion models encounter substantial challenges in the domain of image editing, particularly in executing disentangled edits-changes that target specific attributes of an image while leaving irrelevant parts untouched. In contrast, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been recognized for their success in disentangled edits through their interpretable latent spaces. We introduce GANTASTIC, a novel framework that takes existing directions from pre-trained GAN models-representative of specific, controllable attributes-and transfers these directions into diffusion-based models. This novel approach not only maintains the generative quality and diversity that diffusion models are known for but also significantly enhances their capability to perform precise, targeted image edits, thereby leveraging the best of both worlds.
Functional heterogeneity of intestinal Escherichia coli strains expressing type 1 somatic pili (fimbriae): assessment of bacterial adherence to intestinal membranes and surface hydrophobicity

Although the role of host-specific, nonmannose-sensitive pilus adhesins in the intestinal adherence of pathogenic Escherichia coli is well established, a similar role for mannose-sensitive type 1 or common pili is less clear, since these structures can be expressed by most E. coli, even nonpathogens. We first examined whether type 1 pili, expressed by the rabbit-effacing, adherent, enteropathogenic E. coli strain RDEC-1, mediated interactions with intestinal membranes of several species and compared these interactions with those mediated by the nonmannose-sensitive adhesin of RDEC-1. We next grew a series of E. coli intestinal strains in static broth to promote type 1 pilus expression and determined whether E. coli expressing type 1 pili differed in their affinity for intestinal membranes (as measured by phase-contrast microscopy and aggregometry), hydrophobic surface properties, net negative surface charge (as measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and salt aggregation), and hemagglutination patterns. In contrast to the species-specific attachment to rabbit brush borders of RDEC-1 expressing its nonmannose-sensitive adhesin, type 1 pili on RDEC-1 mediated mannose-sensitive attachment to intestinal membranes of all four species tested. Expression of type 1 pili on other E. coli strains resulted in varying degrees of nonspecies-specific, mannose-sensitive attachment to intestinal membranes. This attachment correlated with increasing surface hydrophobicity rather than with hemagglutination patterns. These results indicate that various E. coli strains expressing type 1 pili are functionally heterogeneous and suggest that some type 1 pili might contribute to in vivo enteroadherence.
Sparse Generation: Making Pseudo Labels Sparse for weakly supervision with points

In recent years, research on point weakly supervised object detection (PWSOD) methods in the field of computer vision has attracted people's attention. However, existing pseudo labels generation methods perform poorly in a small amount of supervised annotation data and dense object detection tasks. We consider the generation of weakly supervised pseudo labels as the result of model's sparse output, and propose a method called Sparse Generation to make pseudo labels sparse. It constructs dense tensors through the relationship between data and detector model, optimizes three of its parameters, and obtains a sparse tensor via coordinated calculation, thereby indirectly obtaining higher quality pseudo labels, and solving the model's density problem in the situation of only a small amount of supervised annotation data can be used. On two broadly used open-source datasets (RSOD, SIMD) and a self-built dataset (Bullet-Hole), the experimental results showed that the proposed method has a significant advantage in terms of overall performance metrics, comparing to that state-of-the-art method.
Assessing financial capacity in patients with Alzheimer disease: A conceptual model and prototype instrument.

OBJECTIVE To investigate financial capacity in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using a new theoretical model and prototype psychometric instrument. DESIGN Cross-sectional comparisons of older control subjects (n=23) and patients with mild (n=30) and moderate AD (n=20). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Financial capacity was measured using the Financial Capacity Instrument, a prototype psychometric instrument that tests financial capacity using 14 tasks of financial ability comprising 6 clinically relevant domains of financial activity: basic monetary skills, financial conceptual knowledge, cash transactions, checkbook management, bank statement management, and financial judgment. RESULTS The Financial Capacity Instrument tasks and domains showed adequate to excellent internal, interrater, and test-retest reliabilities. At the task level, patients with mild AD performed equivalently with controls on simple tasks such as counting coins/currency and conducting a 1-item grocery purchase, but significantly below controls on more complex tasks such as using a checkbook/register and understanding and using a bank statement. At the domain level, patients with mild AD performed significantly below controls on all domains except basic monetary skills. Patients with moderate AD performed significantly below controls and patients with mild AD on all tasks and domains. Regarding capacity status outcomes (capable, marginally capable, incapable) on domains, patients with mild AD had high proportions of marginally capable or incapable outcomes (range, 47%-87%), particularly on difficult domains like bank statement management (domain 5) and financial judgment (domain 6), but variability in individual outcomes. Patients with moderate AD had almost exclusively incapable outcomes across the 6 domains (range, 90%-100%). CONCLUSIONS Financial capacity is already significantly impaired in mild AD. Patients with mild AD demonstrate deficits in more complex financial abilities and impairment in most financial activities. Patients with moderate AD demonstrate severe impairment of all financial abilities and activities. The Financial Capacity Instrument has promise as an instrument for assessing domain-level financial activities and task-specific financial abilities in patients with dementia. Arch Neurol. 2000.
Analysis of the Hippocampal Proteome in ME7 Prion Disease Reveals a Predominant Astrocytic Signature and Highlights the Brain-restricted Production of Clusterin in Chronic Neurodegeneration

Background: Prion disease causes chronic neurodegeneration via deposition of extracellular misfolded protein akin to Alzheimer disease. Results: Proteomic analysis revealed a major nonproliferative astrogliosis encompassing GFAP, EAAT-2, Prdx6, and the acute phase protein Clusterin. Conclusion: Brain changes are not reflective of measured circulating Clusterin. Significance: Our data highlights caution in the use of circulating levels of biomarker as clinical measures of actual neurodegeneration. Prion diseases are characterized by accumulation of misfolded protein, gliosis, synaptic dysfunction, and ultimately neuronal loss. This sequence, mirroring key features of Alzheimer disease, is modeled well in ME7 prion disease. We used iTRAQTM/mass spectrometry to compare the hippocampal proteome in control and late-stage ME7 animals. The observed changes associated with reactive glia highlighted some specific proteins that dominate the proteome in late-stage disease. Four of the up-regulated proteins (GFAP, high affinity glutamate transporter (EAAT-2), apo-J (Clusterin), and peroxiredoxin-6) are selectively expressed in astrocytes, but astrocyte proliferation does not contribute to their up-regulation. The known functional role of these proteins suggests this response acts against protein misfolding, excitotoxicity, and neurotoxic reactive oxygen species. A recent convergence of genome-wide association studies and the peripheral measurement of circulating levels of acute phase proteins have focused attention on Clusterin as a modifier of late-stage Alzheimer disease and a biomarker for advanced neurodegeneration. Since ME7 animals allow independent measurement of acute phase proteins in the brain and circulation, we extended our investigation to address whether changes in the brain proteome are detectable in blood. We found no difference in the circulating levels of Clusterin in late-stage prion disease when animals will show behavioral decline, accumulation of misfolded protein, and dramatic synaptic and neuronal loss. This does not preclude an important role of Clusterin in late-stage disease, but it cautions against the assumption that brain levels provide a surrogate peripheral measure for the progression of brain degeneration.
Research on RTOS-Integrated TMR for Fault Tolerant Systems

Safety and availability are issues of major importance in many critical systems. A RTOS (realtime operating system)-integrated fault-tolerant system using TMR technology is presented in this paper. The system incorporates three homogeneous microcomputers and provides the fault-tolerant function through system-APIs to applications. As it is integrated with RTOS, the system is more general-purpose, and programmers need not pay too much attention to the fault tolerance technology. This system works in normal and degraded (duple or even single modular) modes, and can tolerate transient or permanent faults. The system also provides MultiTask-support fault-tolerant function, and reconfiguration after a fault occurs is transparent to applications. Meanwhile, a novel seamless software upgrade method through intelligent state-transition-control is brought forward.
Human-compatible driving partners through data-regularized self-play reinforcement learning

A central challenge for autonomous vehicles is coordinating with humans. Therefore, incorporating realistic human agents is essential for scalable training and evaluation of autonomous driving systems in simulation. Simulation agents are typically developed by imitating large-scale, high-quality datasets of human driving. However, pure imitation learning agents empirically have high collision rates when executed in a multi-agent closed-loop setting. To build agents that are realistic and effective in closed-loop settings, we propose Human-Regularized PPO (HR-PPO), a multi-agent algorithm where agents are trained through self-play with a small penalty for deviating from a human reference policy. In contrast to prior work, our approach is RL-first and only uses 30 minutes of imperfect human demonstrations. We evaluate agents in a large set of multi-agent traffic scenes. Results show our HR-PPO agents are highly effective in achieving goals, with a success rate of 93%, an off-road rate of 3.5%, and a collision rate of 3%. At the same time, the agents drive in a human-like manner, as measured by their similarity to existing human driving logs. We also find that HR-PPO agents show considerable improvements on proxy measures for coordination with human driving, particularly in highly interactive scenarios. We open-source our code and trained agents at https://github.com/Emerge-Lab/nocturne_lab and provide demonstrations of agent behaviors at https://sites.google. com/view/driving-partners.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from ready-to-eat food stuffs

Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli are the most important causes of food-borne diseases due to the consumption of contaminated ready to eat foods. The present investigation was done to study the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of STEC strains recovered from various types of ready to eat foods. Seven-hundred and twenty various types of food samples were collected and cultured. Isolated E. coli strains were approved another time using PCR. Approved colonies were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the disk diffusion. Twenty-six out of 720 food samples (5.20%) were positive for E. coli strains. Prevalence of STEC strains were 1.52%. Salad (15%) had the highest prevalence of bacteria, while hamburger (2.50%) had the lowest. STEC strains exhibited the highest levels of resistance against tetracycline (100%), ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (81.81%) and ciprofl oxacin (72.72%), while exhibited the lowest against chloramphenicol (27.27%) and cotrimoxazole (45.45%). High prevalence of resistant STEC strains in ready to eat foods showed irregular prescription of antibiotic as well as lack of proper hygiene in restaurant and fast food centers. Cautious prescription of antibiotics and attentions to the principles of food security can decrease the risk of resistant STEC strains in ready to eat foods.
Effects of drought stress and subsequent rewatering on photosynthetic and respiratory pathways in Nicotiana sylvestris wild type and the mitochondrial complex I-deficient CMSII mutant

The interaction of photosynthesis and respiration has been studied in vivo under conditions of limited water supply and after consecutive rewatering. The role of the alternative (valt) and cytochrome (vcyt) pathways on drought stress-induced suppression of photosynthesis and during photosynthetic recovery was examined in the Nicotiana sylvestris wild type (WT) and the complex I-deficient CMSII mutant. Although photosynthetic traits, including net photosynthesis (AN), stomatal (gs) and mesophyll conductances (gm), as well as respiration (vcyt and valt) differed between well-watered CMSII and WT, similar reductions of AN, gs, and gm were observed during severe drought stress. However, total respiration (Vt) remained slightly higher in CMSII due to the still increased vcyt (to match ATP demand). valt and maximum carboxylation rates remained almost unaltered in both genotypes, while in CMSII, changes in photosynthetic light harvesting (i.e. Chl a/b ratio) were detected. In both genotypes, photosynthesis and respiration were restored after 2 d of rewatering, predominantly limited by a delayed stomatal response. Despite complex I dysfunction and hence altered redox balance, the CMSII mutant seems to be able to adjust its photosynthetic machinery during and after drought stress to reduce photo-oxidation and to maintain the cell redox state and the ATP level.
A Photonic Floquet Scattering Matrix for Wavefront-Shaping in Time-Periodic Media

The physics of waves in time-varying media provides numerous opportunities for wave control that are unattainable with static media. In particular, Floquet systems with a periodic time modulation are currently of considerable interest. Here, we demonstrate how the scattering properties of a finite Floquet medium can be correctly described by a static Floquet scattering matrix, which satisfies a pseudo-unitary relation. This algebraic property is a consequence of the conservation of wave action for which we formulate here a continuity equation. Using this Floquet scattering matrix, we further demonstrate how it can be used to generalize also the seminal Wigner-Smith operator from static to Floquet systems. The eigenstates of the corresponding Floquet Wigner-Smith matrix are shown to be light pulses that are optimally shaped both in their spatial and temporal degrees of freedom for the optical micromanipulation of time-varying media.
A Review of Duloxetine 60 mg Once‐Daily Dosing for the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain, Fibromyalgia, and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Due to Chronic Osteoarthritis Pain and Low Back Pain

Background: Duloxetine is a selective dual neuronal serotonin (5‐Hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI). It is indicated in the United States for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and several chronic pain conditions, including management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and chronic musculoskeletal pain due to chronic osteoarthritis (OA) pain and chronic low back pain (LBP). Its use for antidepressant and anxiolytic actions has been extensively reviewed previously. We here review the evidence for the efficacy of 60 mg once‐daily dosing of duloxetine for chronic pain conditions.
Measuring Political Bias in Large Language Models: What Is Said and How It Is Said

We propose to measure political bias in LLMs by analyzing both the content and style of their generated content regarding political issues. Existing benchmarks and measures focus on gender and racial biases. However, political bias exists in LLMs and can lead to polarization and other harms in downstream applications. In order to provide transparency to users, we advocate that there should be fine-grained and explainable measures of political biases generated by LLMs. Our proposed measure looks at different political issues such as reproductive rights and climate change, at both the content (the substance of the generation) and the style (the lexical polarity) of such bias. We measured the political bias in eleven open-sourced LLMs and showed that our proposed framework is easily scalable to other topics and is explainable.