Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domain-Specific Term Extraction for Concept Identification in Ontology Construction

An ontology is a formal and explicit specification of a shared conceptualization. Manual construction of domain ontology does not adequately satisfy requirements of new applications, because they need a more dynamic ontology and the possibility to manage a considerable quantity of concepts that humans cannot achieve alone. Researchers have discussed ontology learning as a solution to overcome issues related to the manual construction of ontology. Ontology learning is either an automatic or semi-automatic process to apply methods for building ontology from scratch, or enriching or adapting an existing ontology. This research focuses on improving the process of term extraction for identifying concepts in ontology learning. Available approaches for term extraction process are limited in various ways. These limitations include: (1) obtaining domain-specific terms from a domain expert as seed words without automatically discovering them from the corpus, and (2) unsuitable usage of corpora in discovering domain-specific terms for multiple domains. Our study uses linguistic analysis and statistical calculations to extract domain-specific simple and complex terms to overcome this first limitation. To eliminate the second limitation, we use multiple contrastive corpora that reduce the biasness in using a single contrastive corpus. Evaluations show that our system is better at extracting terms when compared with the previous research that used the same corpora.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FAMILY WELFARE CULTURES

Strong intergenerational correlations in various types of welfare use have fueled a long-standing debate over whether welfare receipt in one generation causes welfare participation in the next generation. Some claim a causal relationship in welfare receipt across generations has created a culture in which welfare use reinforces itself through the family. Others argue the determinants of poverty or poor health are correlated across generations, so that children's welfare participation is associated with, but not caused by, parental welfare receipt. However, there is little empirical evidence to sort out these claims. In this paper, we investigate the existence and importance of family welfare cultures in the context of Norway's disability insurance (DI) system. To overcome the challenge of correlated unobservables across generations, we take advantage of random assignment of judges to DI applicants whose cases are initially denied. Some appeal judges are systematically more lenient, which leads to random variation in the probability a parent will be allowed DI. Using this exogenous variation, we find strong evidence that welfare receipt in one generation causes welfare participation in the next generation: when a parent is allowed DI, their adult child's participation over the next five years increases by 6 percentage points. This effect grows over time, rising to 12 percentage points after ten years. While these findings are specific to our setting, they serve to highlight that welfare reforms can have long-lasting effects on program participation, since any original effect on the current generation could be reinforced by changing the participation behavior of their children as well. The detailed nature of our data allows us to compare the intergenerational transmission with spillover effects in other networks and to explore mechanisms. Our findings point to a special link between parents and their children, with little impact due to close neighbors' DI participation. We find suggestive evidence that what may change as a result of a parent being allowed DI is their children's beliefs about the efficacy of trying to get on to the DI program or their attitudes about DI participation and its stigma. Gordon B. Dahl Department of Economics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive #0508 La Jolla, CA 92093-0508 and NBER gdahl@ucsd.edu Andreas Ravndal Kostol Research Department Statistics Norway University of Bergen andreas.kostol@ssb.no Magne Mogstad Department of Economics University of Chicago 1126 East 59th Street Chicago, IL 60637 and NBER magne.mogstad@gmail.com
The Synergistic Responses of Different Photoprotective Pathways in Dwarf Bamboo (Fargesia rufa) to Drought and Subsequent Rewatering

Dwarf bamboo-dominated forests are often subjected to temporary periods of drought due to rising air temperature and decreasing rainfall. Nevertheless, the relationship among CO2 assimilation, photoprotective pathways and metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains unexplored in bamboo species. Changes in leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, energy partitioning, antioxidative system and compounds related to ROS metabolism in Fargesia rufa plants subjected to drought and subsequent rewatering were analyzed. Drought resulted in a reversible inhibition of photochemistry, particularly net CO2 assimilation, and lipid peroxidation due to ROS accumulation. Meanwhile, photoprotective pathways, including the water–water cycle (especially for moderate drought), and adjustment in antenna pigments, thermal dissipation and antioxidative defense capacity at organelle levels (especially for severe drought), were up-regulated at the stress phase. Conversely, photorespiration was down-regulated after drought stress. As a result, rewatering restored most of the photochemical activity under drought, especially moderate drought. Moreover, thermal dissipation under severe drought was still operated for avoiding high ROS levels after rewatering. Therefore, the synergistic function of these photoprotective pathways except photorespiration can protect the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage in response to varying intensities of drought stress when CO2 assimilation is restricted. This is helpful for the gradual recovery of photosynthetic capacity after rewatering. Thus, F. rufa plants can withstand drought and is capable of survival in such environment. Highlights:1. The effects of drought and subsequent rewatering on Fargesia rufa were studied.2. Drought resulted in a reversible inhibition of photochemistry.3. Photoprotective pathways except photorespiration were up-regulated at the drought phase.4. Rewatering rapidly restored photochemical activity, especially under moderate drought.5. Fargesia rufa plant is capable of resisting and surviving drought environment.
Automated support for software process reuse: requirements and early experiences with the APSEE model

This paper discusses the need to provide better support for software processes reuse in PSEEs (Process-centered Software Engineering Environments). This discussion is influenced by the recent work on the process reuse field presented in the literature and the experience of the authors in the definition of a meta-model for process modeling, enaction and simulation in an integrated environment (APSEE). This model proposes templates and policies as basic constructs to store generic and reusable knowledge about process models, which are integrated with a search engine based on similarity measurement. The basic set of data types used in the definition of the meta-model is presented. The paper concludes by presenting the proposed functionality to retrieve and adapt reusable process descriptions to a specific context.
ASSESSMENT OF DEINKING CHEMISTRY PERFORMANCE : FROM LABORATORY FLOTATION TESTS TO THE SIMULATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL PRE-FLOTATION LINE

The influence of different de-inking chemistries on ink removal selectivity was investigated by using a continuous laboratory flotation column. A surfactant-fatty acid blend was compared to conventional fatty acid soap under alkaline conditions with two silicate dosages, namely 2 and 1%. As expected, the decrease in silicate dosage induced a general decrease in ink removal selectivity. However, the surfactant/fatty acid blend gave ink removal selectivity higher than that obtained with fatty acid soap for both silicate dosages. In order to better understand the influence of the pulping chemistry on particle and water removal during pulp flotation, experimental data were interpolated with model equations recently developed to describe water, ink, fillers, fines and fibres transport in a flotation cell. Transport coefficients showed that, under the tested conditions, the increase in ink removal selectivity obtained when using the surfactant/fatty acid blend and when increasing silicate dosage were due to the depression of fibre, fines and fillers transport from the aerated pulp to the froth. Particle and water transport coefficients obtained for the different chemistries were used with model equations to simulate the impact of the pulping chemistry on the ink removal selectivity of an industrial preflotation line composed by six primary flotation and two secondary flotation cells. Simulation results reproduced the selectivity trends obtained during laboratory tests. Namely, the highest ink removal selectivity was obtained with the surfactant-fatty acid blend and 2% silicate, followed by the sodium soap and 2% silicate and the blend/soap with 1% silicate, respectively. The simulation of a pre-flotation line also pointed out that laboratory flotation tests combined with process simulation can provide information on the effect of process chemicals on the operating conditions of industrial deinking lines.
Automatic Knowledge Acquisition for Case Alternation between the Passive and Active Voices in Japanese

We present a method for automatically acquiring knowledge for case alternation between the passive and active voices in Japanese. By leveraging several linguistic constraints on alternation patterns and lexical case frames obtained from a large Web corpus, our method aligns a case frame in the passive voice to a corresponding case frame in the active voice and finds an alignment between their cases. We then apply the acquired knowledge to a case alternation task and prove its usefulness.
Inference for linear models with dependent errors

The paper is concerned with inference for linear models with fixed regressors and weakly dependent stationary time series errors. Theoretically, we obtain asymptotic normality for the M‐estimator of the regression parameter under mild conditions and establish a uniform Bahadur representation for recursive M‐estimators. Methodologically, we extend the recently proposed self‐normalized approach of Shao from stationary time series to the regression set‐up, where the sequence of response variables is typically non‐stationary in mean. Since the limiting distribution of the self‐normalized statistic depends on the design matrix and its corresponding critical values are case dependent, we develop a simulation‐based approach to approximate the critical values consistently. Through a simulation study, we demonstrate favourable finite sample performance of our method in comparison with a block‐bootstrap‐based approach. Empirical illustrations using two real data sets are also provided.
Jena Research Papers in Business and Economics Optimally Routing and Scheduling Tow Trains for JIT-Supply of Mixed-Model Assembly Lines

In recent years, more and more automobile producers adopted the supermarketconcept to enable a exible and reliable Just-in-Time (JIT) part supply of their mixed-model assembly lines. Within this concept, a supermarket is a decentralized in-house logistics area where parts are intermediately stored and then loaded on small tow trains. These tow trains travel across the shop oor on speci c routes to make frequent small-lot deliveries which are needed by the stations of the line. To enable a reliable part supply in line with the JIT-principle, the interdependent problems of routing, that is, partitioning stations to be supplied among tow trains, and scheduling, i.e., deciding on the start times of each tow train's tours through its assigned stations, need to be solved. This paper introduces an exact solution procedure which solves both problems simultaneously in polynomial runtime. Additionally, management implications regarding the trade-o between number and capacity of tow trains and in-process inventory near the line are investigated within a comprehensive computational study.
A Simple, Versatile and Sensitive Cell-Based Assay for Prions from Various Species

Detection and quantification of prion infectivity is a crucial step for various fundamental and applied aspects of prion research. Identification of cell lines highly sensitive to prion infection led to the development of cell-based titration procedures aiming at replacing animal bioassays, usually performed in mice or hamsters. However, most of these cell lines are only permissive to mouse-adapted prions strains and do not allow titration of prions from other species. In this study, we show that epithelial RK13, a cell line permissive to mouse and bank vole prion strains and to natural prion agents from sheep and cervids, enables a robust and sensitive detection of mouse and ovine-derived prions. Importantly, the cell culture work is strongly reduced as the RK13 cell assay procedure designed here does not require subcultivation of the inoculated cultures. We also show that prions effectively bind to culture plastic vessel and are quantitatively detected by the cell assay. The possibility to easily quantify a wider range of prions, including rodent experimental strains but also natural agents from sheep and cervids, should prompt the spread of cell assays for routine prion titration and lead to valuable information in fundamental and applied studies.
AXL kinase as a novel target for cancer therapy

The AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and its major ligand, GAS6 have been demonstrated to be overexpressed and activated in many human cancers (such as lung, breast, and pancreatic cancer) and have been correlated with poor prognosis, promotion of increased invasiveness/metastasis, the EMT phenotype and drug resistance. Targeting AXL in different model systems with specific small molecule kinase inhibitors or antibodies alone or in combination with other drugs can lead to inactivation of AXL-mediated signaling pathways and can lead to regained drug sensitivity and improved therapeutic efficacy, defining AXL as a promising novel target for cancer therapeutics. This review highlights the data supporting AXL as a novel treatment candidate in a variety of cancers as well as the current status of drug development targeting the AXL/GAS6 axis and future perspectives in this emerging field.
Risk and Return in Environmental Economics

I examine the risk/return tradeoff for environmental investments, and its implications for policy choice. Consider a policy to reduce carbon emissions. To what extent does the value of such a policy depend on the expected future damages from global warming versus uncertainty over those damages, i.e., on the expected benefits from the policy versus their riskiness? And to what extent should the policy objective be a reduction in the expected temperature increase versus a reduction in risk? Using a simple model of a stock externality (e.g., temperature) that evolves stochastically, I examine the ``willingness to pay" (WTP) for alternative policies that would reduce the expected damages under ``business as usual" (BAU) versus the variance of those damages. I also show how one can compute ``iso-WTP" curves (social indifference curves) for combinations of risk and expected returns as policy objectives. Given cost estimates for reducing risk and increasing expected returns, one can compute the optimal risk-return mix for a policy, and the policy's social surplus. I illustrate these results by calibrating the model to data for global warming.
The CckA-ChpT-CtrA Phosphorelay System Is Regulated by Quorum Sensing and Controls Flagellar Motility in the Marine Sponge Symbiont Ruegeria sp. KLH11

Bacteria respond to their environment via signal transduction pathways, often two-component type systems that function through phosphotransfer to control expression of specific genes. Phosphorelays are derived from two-component systems but are comprised of additional components. The essential cckA-chpT-ctrA phosphorelay in Caulobacter crescentus has been well studied and is important in orchestrating the cell cycle, polar development and flagellar biogenesis. Although cckA, chpT and ctrA homologues are widespread among the Alphaproteobacteria, relatively few is known about their function in the large and ecologically significant Roseobacter clade of the Rhodobacterales. In this study the cckA-chpT-ctrA system of the marine sponge symbiont Ruegeria sp. KLH11 was investigated. Our results reveal that the cckA, chpT and ctrA genes positively control flagellar biosynthesis. In contrast to C. crescentus, the cckA, chpT and ctrA genes in Ruegeria sp. KLH11 are non-essential and do not affect bacterial growth. Gene fusion and transcript analyses provide evidence for ctrA autoregulation and the control of motility-related genes. In KLH11, flagellar motility is controlled by the SsaRI system and acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing. SsaR and long chain AHLs are required for cckA, chpT and ctrA gene expression, providing a regulatory link between flagellar locomotion and population density in KLH11.
Is there any correlation between the results of skin-prick test and the severity of symptoms in allergic rhinitis?

Background This study was designed to determine whether there is any correlation between results of the skin-prick test and the severity of symptoms in allergic rhinitis. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 150 patients with persistent or intermittent allergic rhinitis confirmed by positive skin tests and scaled from 1 to 4 according to the size of the wheal. The symptoms including sneezing, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching were ranked according to their severity (0 for no symptoms, 1 for mild, 2 for moderate, and 3 for severe). We investigated the correlation between the skin tests’ positivity and symptoms score, rhinoconjunctivitis quality-of-life questionnaire (RQLQ), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Results Of the 150 patients, 98 had persistent and 52 had intermittent allergic rhinitis. Some patient d multiple al en senitivity. Each skin test group was compared with respect to symptom scores, RQLQ, or VAS scores. There was no statistically significant correlation between the size of the wheal and symptoms score, RQLQ, or VAS scores. There was also no correlation between the type of allergen and symptoms score. Conclusion The skin-prick test can be applied to support the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, but one can not predict the severity of illness by stratifying the size of the skin-prick test result.
Divergent Social Functioning in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Disease: Reciprocal Networks and Neuronal Evolution

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) disrupts our most human social and emotional functions. Early in the disease, patients show focal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbital frontoinsula (FI) degeneration, accentuated in the right hemisphere. The ACC and FI, though sometimes considered ancient in phylogeny, feature a large bipolar projection neuron, the von Economo neuron (VEN), which is found only in humans, apes, and selected whales—all large-brained mammals with complex social structures. In contrast to bvFTD, Alzheimer disease (AD) often spares social functioning, and the ACC and FI, until late in its course, damaging instead a posterior hippocampal-cingulo-temporal-parietal network involved in episodic memory retrieval. These divergent patterns of functional and regional impairment remain mysterious despite extensive molecular-level characterization of bvFTD and AD. In this report, we further develop the hypothesis that VENs drive the regional vulnerability pattern seen in bvFTD, citing recent evidence from functional imaging in healthy humans, and also structural imaging and quantitative neuropathology data from bvFTD and AD. Our most recent findings suggest that bvFTD and AD target distinct, anticorrelated intrinsic connectivity networks and that bvFTD-related VEN injury occurs throughout the ACC-FI network. We suggest that the regional and neuronal vulnerability patterns seen in bvFTD and AD underlie the divergent impact of these disorders on recently evolved social-emotional functions.
Entre standardisation, individualisation et sexuation: une analyse des trajectoires personnelles en Suisse.

This article aims at exploring the adcquacy of theses about standardisation, individualisaiton and gendering of life courses in order to understand the personal trajectories of individuals living in couples in Switzerland. Using the sample of the sociological study of the project network Family Life in Switzerland of the program Switzerland: Towards the Future, a series of multivatiate an and optimal matching analyses show that a great majority of the male trajectories correspond to a single, highly standardised type of trajectory, whereas the female trzjectorics fall into four distinct, well-caractetised models of similar importance. Current hypotheses about standardisation, individualisation and gendering are in insufficient to account for the varations we have found. We offer a complementary hypothesis about the influence of profiles of social participation and of sex-specific master-statuses.
Collateral, Taxes, and Leverage

We quantify the importance of collateral versus taxes for firms' capital structures. We estimate a dynamic model in which a taxable firm seeks financing for investment, and a dynamic contracting environment motivates endogenous collateral constraints. Optimal leverage stays a safe distance from the constraint, balancing the tax benefit of debt with the cost of lost financial flexibility. We estimate this flexibility cost to be 7.2% of firm assets, a percentage that is comparable to the tax benefit. Models with different tax rates fit the data equally well, and leverage responds to the tax rate only when taxes are low.
Semantic relations in bilingual lexicons

Bilingual lexicons, essential to many NLP applications, can be constructed automatically on the basis of parallel or comparable corpora. In this article, we make two contributions to their induction from comparable corpora. The first one concerns the creation of these lexicons. We show that seed lexicons can be improved by adding a bootstrapping procedure that uses cross-lingual distributional similarity. The second contribution concerns the evaluation of bilingual lexicons. It is generally based on translation lexicons, which corresponds to the implicit assumption that (cross-lingual) synonymy is the semantic relation of primary interest, even though other semantic relations like (cross-lingual) hyponymy or cohyponymy make up a considerable portion of translation pair candidates proposed by distributional methods. We argue that the focus on synonymy is an oversimplification and that many applications can profit from the inclusion of other semantic relations. We study what effect these semantic relations have on two cross-lingual tasks: the cross-lingual projection of polarity scores and the cross-lingual modeling of selectional preferences. We find that the presence of non-synonymous semantic relations may negatively affect the former of these tasks, but benefit the latter.