Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multigrid-Preconditioned Newton-Krylov Method for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations

Globalized inexact Newton methods are well suited for solving large-scale systems of nonlinear equations. When combined with a Krylov iterative method, an explicit Jacobian is never needed, and the resulting matrix-free Newton--Krylov method greatly simplifies application of the method to complex problems. Despite asymptotically superlinear rates of convergence, the overall efficiency of a Newton--Krylov solver is determined by the preconditioner. High-quality preconditioners can be constructed from methods that incorporate problem-specific information, and for the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations, classical pressure-correction methods such as SIMPLE and SIMPLER fulfill this requirement. A preconditioner is constructed by using these pressure-correction methods as smoothers in a linear multigrid procedure. The effectiveness of the resulting Newton--Krylov-multigrid method is demonstrated on benchmark incompressible flow problems.
The Molecular Condensations Ahead of Herbig-Haro Objects. III. Radiative and dynamical perturbations of the HH 2 condensation.

We have carried out an extensive observational study ( from BIMA data) and made a preliminary theoretical investigation of the molecular gas around HH 2. The molecular maps show a very complex morphological, kinematical and chemical structure. For clarity we divided the observed region in four subregions: ( 1) The Ahead Core, located ahead of HH 2: its chemistry may be a consequence of a weak UV field originating in HH 2. The chemical structure within the Ahead Core suggests that it is not homogeneous but probably composed of small clumps; ( 2) The SO2 Clump, which is a molecular component within the Ahead Core that is more exposed to the UV radiation from HH 2. An increase of density and relative molecular abundances is observed towards HH 2. The UV radiation is possibly the source of molecular enhancement. Our chemical analysis confirms that this clump must have substructure within it; ( 3) the West Core, which is surrounded by a ring structure of shocked ionized gas and mid-IR emission. The ring structure is likely a consequence of the fact that the core is in the foreground with respect to the shocked and hot component. The chemistry of this core can be best explained as arising from a combination of an old photo-processed dense clump and a PDR, with or without a warm interface created in the interaction of the outflow with the core; ( 4) The High Velocity Region, associated with HH 2, is traced by HCO+ but not by other molecular shock tracers. The chemistry can be accounted for by the interaction of the VLA 1 outflow with a dense clump via non-dissociative shocks and by the presence of a very strong UV field. The overall main conclusion of this work confirms the findings of Papers I and II, by demonstrating that in addition to the strong photochemical effects caused by penetration of the UV photons from HH 2 into molecular cloud, a range of complex radiative and dynamical interactions occur. Thus, despite the apparent "quiescent" nature of the molecular cloud ahead of HH 2, the kinematical properties observed within the field of view suggest that it is possibly being driven out by the powerful winds from the VLA 1 protostar.
Adaptive Mechanisms That Preserve Cardiac Function in Mice Without Myoglobin

Mice lacking myoglobin survive to adulthood and meet the circulatory demands of exercise and pregnancy without cardiac decompensation. In the present study, we show that many myoglobin-deficient embryos die in utero at midgestation with signs of cardiac failure. Fetal mice that survive to gestational day 12.5, however, suffer no subsequent excess mortality. Survival in the absence of myoglobin is associated with increased vascularity and the induction of genes encoding the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors 1&agr; and 2, stress proteins such as heat shock protein 27, and vascular endothelial growth factor. These adaptations are evident in late fetal life, persist into adulthood, and are sufficient to maintain normal myocardial oxygen consumption during stressed conditions. These data reveal that myoglobin is necessary to support cardiac function during development, but adaptive responses evoked in some animals can fully compensate for the defect in cellular oxygen transport resulting from the loss of myoglobin.
Empowering Truth Discovery with Multi-Truth Prediction

Truth discovery is the problem of detecting true values from the conflicting data provided by multiple sources on the same data items. Since sources' reliability is unknown a priori, a truth discovery method usually estimates sources' reliability along with the truth discovery process. A major limitation of existing truth discovery methods is that they commonly assume exactly one true value on each data item and therefore cannot deal with the more general case that a data item may have multiple true values (or multi-truth). Since the number of true values may vary from data item to data item, this requires truth discovery methods being able to detect varying numbers of truth values from the multi-source data. In this paper, we propose a multi-truth discovery approach, which addresses the above challenges by providing a generic framework for enhancing existing truth discovery methods. In particular, we redeem the numbers of true values as an important clue for facilitating multi-truth discovery. We present the procedure and components of our approach, and propose three models, namely the byproduct model, the joint model, and the synthesis model to implement our approach. We further propose two extensions to enhance our approach, by leveraging the implications of similar numerical values and values' co-occurrence information in sources' claims to improve the truth discovery accuracy. Experimental studies on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Features of Pure Lobular Carcinoma In Situ on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Associated with Immediate Re-Excision after Lumpectomy

Purpose To evaluate imaging features of pure lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients who underwent immediate re-excision after lumpectomy. Methods Twenty-six patients (46.1±6.7 years) with 28 pure LCIS lesions, who underwent preoperative MRI and received curative surgery at our institution between 2005 and 2013, were included in this study. Clinicopathologic features associated with immediate re-excision were reviewed and analyzed using Fisher exact test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results Of the 28 lesions, 21.4% (6/28, six patients) were subjected to immediate re-excision due to resection margin involvement by LCIS. Nonmass lesions and moderate-to-marked background parenchymal enhancement on MRI were more frequently found in the re-excision group than in the single operation group (100% [6/6] vs. 40.9% [9/22], p=0.018; 83.3% [5/6] vs. 31.8% [7/22], p=0.057, respectively). The median lesion size discrepancy observed between magnetic resonance images and histopathology was greater in the re-excision group than in the single operation group (-0.82 vs. 0.13, p=0.018). There were no differences in the mammographic or histopathologic findings between the two groups. Conclusion Nonmass LCIS lesions or moderate-to-marked background parenchymal enhancements on MRI can result in an underestimation of the extent of the lesions and are associated with subsequent re-excision due to resection margin involvement.
A very-high resolution VLSI Loser-Take-All (LTA) circuit for neural networks and fuzzy systems

In this paper we have proposed a novel Loser-Take-All (LTA) circuit with very high resolution. LTA is one of the building blocks of neural architectures and Fuzzy logic. Proposed LTA circuit is working properly for the input voltages with the difference of 10µv, meaning the resolution is50 times higher than the previous works. The proposed circuit is designed in 0.35um CMOS technology, while the layout was drawn by Cadence Virtuoso and the simulation results are given by using Hspice (level=49) software.
Association of Lumican Gene with Susceptibility to Pathological Myopia in the Northern Han Ethnic Chinese

Pathological myopia is a severe hereditary ocular disease leading to blindness. It is urgent and very important to find the pathogenesis and therapy for this disease. The purpose of the study is to analyze sequences of lumican and decorin genes with pathological myopia(PM) and control subjects to verify the relationship between lumican, decorin genes and PM in Northern Han Chinese. We collected and analyzed the blood samples of 94 adults (including 12 pedigree cases and 82 sporadic cases) with PM and 90 controls in the northern Han ethnic Chinese. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing after polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification and allele frequencies were tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between two groups for three SNPs: rs3759223 (C → T) and rs17853500 (T → C) of the lumican gene and rs74419 (T → C) of decorin gene with (P < .05) for all their genotype distribution and allele frequency. There is no significant difference for incidence of these mutations between pedigree and sporadic group (P > .05). The results suggested that the sequence variants in 5′-regulatory region of lumican gene and 3'UTR of decorin gene were associated significantly with PM in Northern Han Chinese. Further studies are needed to confirm finally whether the two genes are the virulence genes of PM.
An Investigation of Teachers' Efficacy for Promoting and Supporting the Social and Emotional Health and Wellbeing of Students

Evidence is mounting that school-based support programs for student mental health are associated with improved wellbeing and academic outcomes. These programs necessitate teacher participation, yet teachers’ views are varied about the extent to which supporting student mental health is integral to the teaching role. Furthermore, teacher involvement in these activities can vary in quantity and quality. Teacher self-efficacy has received attention as a variable of interest for understanding teacher attitudes, participation, and performance in their work supporting student wellbeing. There has been some consideration of the antecedents of teacher self-efficacy for supporting student wellbeing, such as teacher training, but so far there has been no research using the framework of the sources of efficacy information proposed in Bandura’s self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977a, 1977b, 1997) and the model of teacher efficacy (Tschannen Moran, Woolfolk Hoy, & Hoy, 1998). Some studies investigating teacher self-efficacy in the area of teachers’ work supporting student wellbeing have conceptualised the construct broadly and used measures with inadequate domain specificity. Other studies have employed domain specific conceptualisations and measures, but validity-related concerns limit the use of these measures in other studies.
The Dependent Dirichlet Process Mixture of Objects for Detection-free Tracking and Object Modeling

This paper explores how to find, track, and learn models of arbitrary objects in a video without a predefined method for object detection. We present a model that localizes objects via unsupervised tracking while learning a representation of each object, avoiding the need for pre-built detectors. Our model uses a dependent Dirichlet process mixture to capture the uncertainty in the number and appearance of objects and requires only spatial and color video data that can be efficiently extracted via frame differencing. We give two inference algorithms for use in both online and offline settings, and use them to perform accurate detection-free tracking on multiple real videos. We demonstrate our method in difficult detection scenarios involving occlusions and appearance shifts, on videos containing a large number of objects, and on a recent human-tracking benchmark where we show performance comparable to state of the art detector-based methods.
Primordial black hole formation in the radiative era: investigation of the critical nature of the collapse

Following on after two previous papers discussing the formation of primordial black holes in the early universe, we present here results from an in-depth investigation of the extent to which primordial black hole formation in the radiative era can be considered as an example of the critical collapse phenomenon. We focus on initial supra-horizon-scale perturbations of a type which could have come from inflation, with only a growing component and no decaying component. In order to study perturbations with amplitudes extremely close to the supposed critical limit, we have modified our previous computer code with the introduction of an adaptive mesh refinement scheme. This has allowed us to follow black hole formation from perturbations whose amplitudes are up to eight orders of magnitude closer to the threshold than we could do before. We find that scaling-law behaviour continues down to the smallest black hole masses that we are able to follow and we see no evidence of shock production such as has been reported in some previous studies and which led there to a breaking of the scaling-law behaviour at small black hole masses. We attribute this difference to the different initial conditions used. In addition to the scaling law, we also present other features of the results which are characteristic of critical collapse in this context.
Scope and significance of non-uniform classification practices in breast cancer with non-inflammatory skin involvement: a clinicopathologic study and an international survey.

BACKGROUND The study evaluates the scope of non-uniform classification practices concerning breast carcinomas with non-inflammatory skin involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the clinical course of patients with histologically proven non-inflammatory skin involvement: 119 (65.4%) with clinically obvious 'classical' skin changes (Group A) and 63 (34.6%) with no or only discreet changes (Group B). A questionnaire was circulated to pathology departments in 24 countries to assess the practice concerning the placement of skin- involved breast carcinomas in the TNM classification. RESULTS Patients in Group B showed a significantly better disease specific survival (P=0.0002). Eighty-six respondents (70.5%) of the survey preferred the 'histological view' and classified tumors with only histological proven skin involvement as T 4 b/stage IIIB. The opposing classification principle ('clinical view'), which dictates that T 4 b breast cancer is a clinical diagnosis and the classical signs must be present, was supported by 31 respondents (25.4%). CONCLUSIONS A large number of breast cancer patients with non-inflammatory skin involvement are only histologically proven and show, compared with cases exhibiting the classical clinical signs, significant differences in clinical course and prognosis. In general, both subsets were aggregated in one T category/stage (T 4 b/IIIB). This results in a considerable distortion of the reported statistical data.
PIASy mediates hypoxia-induced SIRT1 transcriptional repression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cells

Summary Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an essential role in organogenesis and contributes to a host of pathologies, including carcinogenesis. Hypoxia (low oxygen supply) aids tumor metastasis in part by promoting EMT in cancer cells. The underlying mechanism whereby hypoxia orchestrates EMT remains poorly defined. Here we report that SIRT1, a multifaceted player in tumorigenesis, opposed ovarian cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo by impeding EMT. Hypoxic stress downregulated the expression of SIRT1, primarily at the transcriptional level, by reducing the occupancy of the transcriptional activator Sp1 on the proximal promoter of the SIRT1 gene in a SUMOylation-dependent manner. Further analysis revealed that the SUMO E3 ligase PIASy (also known as PIAS4) was induced by hypoxia and prevented Sp1 from binding to the SIRT1 promoter. Conversely, knockdown of PIASy by small interfering RNA (siRNA) restored Sp1 binding and SIRT1 expression in cancer cells challenged with hypobaric hypoxia, reversed cancer cell EMT, and attenuated metastasis in vivo in nude mice. Importantly, analysis of human ovarian tumor specimens indicated that PIASy expression was positively, whereas SIRT1 expression was inversely, correlated with cancer aggressiveness. In summary, our work has identified a new pathway that links downregulation of SIRT1 to hypoxia-induced EMT in ovarian cancer cells and, as such, sheds light on the development of novel anti-tumor therapeutics.
Mentalization-based treatment of female patients with severe personality disorder and substance use disorder

8 List of abbreviations . 11 List of papers . 13 General introduction: Scope and background for the dissertation . 14 Diagnosis of PD and SUD . 15 Diagnosis of PD . 16 Diagnosis of SUD . 17 Co-occurrence of PD/SUD . 19 Consequences of the comorbidity PD/SUD . 21 Mental health problems . 21 Substance use . 22 Sociocontextual factors . 22 Etiological models of PD and SUD . 23 Mentalization-based treatment . 26 Psychotherapy for dual diagnosis BPD/SUD . 28 Potential challenges and pitfalls in psychotherapy for PD/SUD . 30 Research questions . 34 Methodology . 35
Soliton solutions for ABS lattice equations: II. Casoratians and bilinearization

In Part I soliton solutions to the ABS list of multi-dimensionally consistent difference equations (except Q4) were derived using connection between the Q3 equation and the NQC equations, and then by reductions. In that work, the central role was played by a Cauchy matrix. In this work we use a different approach, and we derive the N-soliton solutions following Hirota's direct and constructive method. This leads to Casoratians and bilinear difference equations. We give here details for the H-series of equations and for Q1; the results for Q3 have been given earlier.
Evaluation of the Command and Control Cube

Application control in virtual environments (VE) is still an open field of research. The Command and Control Cube (C/sup 3/) developed by Grosjean et al. (2001) is a quick access menu for the VE configuration called workbench (a large screen displaying stereoscopic images). The C/sup 3/ presents two modes, one with the graphical display of the cubic structure associated to the C/sup 3/ and a blind mode for expert users, with no feedback. We conduct formal tests of the C/sup 3/ under four different conditions: the visual mode with the graphical display, the blind mode with no feedback and two additional conditions enhancing the expert blind mode: a tactile mode with the tactile feedback, of a Cyberglove/spl trade/ and a sound mode with a standard audio device. Results show that the addition of sound and tactile feedback is more disturbing to the users than the blind mode. The visual mode performs the best although the blind mode achieves some promising results.
Striped murrel S1 family serine protease: immune characterization, antibacterial property and enzyme activities

We report a molecular characterization of S1 family serine protease (SP-1) from snakehead murrel (or called striped murrel) Channa striatus (Cs). CsSP-1 polypeptide contained a catalytic core domain (otherwise known as serine protease trypsin domain) between H20 and I237 along with a catalytic triad at H61, D104 and S197. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that CsSP-1 belongs to serine protease S1 family. The tertiary structure showed that CsSP-1 contains 14 β-sheets as 2 separate β-barrels (the first β-barrel consists of 8 β-sheets in the N-terminal region and the second β-barrel consists of 6 β-sheets in the C-terminal region) and 3 α-helical regions. Significantly (P < 0.05) the highest CsSP-1 mRNA expression was observed in intestine, liver and kidney, moderate expression was seen in spleen, head kidney, skin and blood, and the lowest one in brain, gill, muscle and heart. Further, the expression was induced in intestine with fungus Aphanomyces invadans and bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. The recombinant CsSP-1 protein showed antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The optimum CsSP-1 enzyme activity against the substrate casein was determined at 8 mM casein concentration. Moreover, the activity was highly influenced by 5 mM phenyl-methylsulfonyl fluoride followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride hydrochloride and calpain inhibitor I. The CsSP-1 enzyme exhibited the highest activity at pH 7.5 and temperature 35°C. The overall results showed the potential involvement of CsSP-1 in the immune system of murrels. However, further research is necessary to study the mechanism of implicit trypsin association in the defence process.
An Optimized Software-Defined-Radio Implementation of Time-Slotted Carrier Synchronization for Distributed Beamforming

This thesis describes the development of an optimized software-defined-radio implementation of a distributed beamforming system and presents experimental results for two-source and three-source wired-channel and acoustic-channel distributed beamforming using the time-slotted round-trip carrier synchronization protocol. The frequency and phase synthesizer used in this system is based on an optimized “hybrid” phase locked loop (PLL) with averaging window which is shown to have high frequency estimation accuracy and consistency. For the wired-channel experiments, each source node was implemented by a TMS320C6713DSK while for the acoustic experiments, each source node in the system was built using commercial off-the-shelf parts including TMS320C6713DSK, microphone, speaker, audio amplifier, and battery. The source node functionality including phase locked loops and the logic associated with the time-slotted round-trip carrier synchronization protocol was realized through real-time software independently running on each source node’s C6713 digital signal processor. Experimental results for two-source and three-source realizations of the wired-channel and acoustic-channel distributed beamforming system are presented. The results show that near-ideal beamforming performance can be consistently achieved at acoustic wavelengths equivalent to common radio frequency wavelengths.
Privacy Technologies for Smart Grids - A Survey of Options

We present the problems associated with protecting privacy in smart grids and survey currently proposed solutions. First we discuss use-cases, the policy environment and the literature on attacks based on monitoring the electricity supply. Then we review the most commonly deployed policy tools, and dive into a detailed survey of privacy technologies for aggregation of readings, billing for consumption and even hiding the consumption from physical adversaries. Keywords-Smart Grid; Smart meter; Privacy Technology;