Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Facilitates Remyelination in Part by Processing the Inhibitory NG2 Proteoglycan

Remyelination is a critical repair process that is initiated after a demyelinating insult. The failure to remyelinate contributes to neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Here, we test the hypothesis that proteinase activity is required for the extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix that occurs during remyelination. We show that mice lacking matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are impaired in myelin reformation after lysolecithin-induced demyelination. This deficiency may be explained at least in part by the failure to clear the accumulation of NG2, an inhibitory proteoglycan that retards the maturation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes that are needed for remyelination. These results emphasize for the first time that upregulation of MMP activity can be important for facilitating regeneration from some types of CNS injury.
Kemik İliği Nakli Planlanan Hastalarin Umutsuzluk Düzeyi ve Etkileyen Faktörler Hopelessness Levels of Bone Marrow Transplant Patients and The Affecting Factors

Objective: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in order to examine the bone marrow transplant patients scheduled and the factors affecting the level of despair Material and Methods: The study has researched 104 people with bone marrow transplant plans from May to September 2013 in a private hospital, Bone Marrow Transplant Department. Demographic Characteristics Form, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Beck Depression Scale (BDS) have been used in collecting data. Data have been later analyzed using percentage, Shapiro Wilks, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: Analyses of the hopelessness level of patients based on BHS and the depression level based on BDS show that the patients are not hopeless (2,88 0,337) and their depression scores are within the normal range (9,19 ± 0,743). 18-45 age group were higher than the scores of hopelessness. Statistically significant difference wasn't detected sex, marital status, level of education, diagnosis, comorbidities, type of transplant, transplant number, antidepressant medication use between the levels of hopelessness. There is a positive and significant not strong relationship between the hopelessness score and the depression score. rs=0.438 p<0.01. n Conclusion: Based on these results, planned bone marrow patients can be said to have low levels of hopelessness and in the absence of depression.
On the Separation of Concerns in Program Families

Aspect-orientation can help to separate concerns in software. One of the goals of this separation is to promote flexibility and configurability; this is especially true when constructing program families (and product-lines). This paper introduces a set of principles that instruct in the creation of flexible, configurable, aspect-oriented systems. We illustrate the principles through their application to a software product-line. The principle of dependency alignment serves as a guideline for structuring concern implementation in modules, eliminating unwarranted dependencies between concerns. The principles of orthogonal and weakly orthogonal aspects instruct in the design of aspects that are included in some system configurations, but not in others. We show how these principles scale to larger systems and larger concern implementations.
Climate change and fishing: a century of shifting distribution in North Sea cod

Globally, spatial distributions of fish stocks are shifting but although the role of climate change in range shifts is increasingly appreciated, little remains known of the likely additional impact that high levels of fishing pressure might have on distribution. For North Sea cod, we show for the first time and in great spatial detail how the stock has shifted its distribution over the past 100 years. We digitized extensive historical fisheries data from paper charts in UK government archives and combined these with contemporary data to a time‐series spanning 1913–2012 (excluding both World Wars). New analysis of old data revealed that the current distribution pattern of cod – mostly in the deeper, northern‐ and north‐easternmost parts of the North Sea – is almost opposite to that during most of the Twentieth Century – mainly concentrated in the west, off England and Scotland. Statistical analysis revealed that the deepening, northward shift is likely attributable to warming; however, the eastward shift is best explained by fishing pressure, suggestive of significant depletion of the stock from its previous stronghold, off the coasts of England and Scotland. These spatial patterns were confirmed for the most recent 3½ decades by data from fisheries‐independent surveys, which go back to the 1970s. Our results demonstrate the fundamental importance of both climate change and fishing pressure for our understanding of changing distributions of commercially exploited fish.
A Fast and Memory Efficient Dynamic IP Lookup Algorithm Based on B-Tree

This paper deals with the traditional IP address lookup problem with fast updates. We propose a B-tree data structure, called MMSPT (Multiway Most Specific Prefix Tree), which is constructed by using the most specific prefixes in routing tables. MMSPT arranges the most specific prefixes as the keys in B-tree. Unlike the previous schemes, every prefixes in routing tables is stored exactly once in our MMSPT. For a routing table of n prefixes, MMSPT requires O(n) memory, and the time for search, insertion and deletion operations are O(logmn), O(mlogmn), and O(mlogmn), respectively (m is the order of the B-tree). Our experimental results conducted by using five real IPv4 routing tables show that MMSPT outperforms two existing B-tree data structures, PIBT (Prefix In B-Tree) and MRT (Multiway Range Tree), in all aspects. Moreover, since the complexities of MMSPT is not subject to the length of IP addresses, the proposed MMSPT can be easily extended to fit the IPv6.
The Minimax Strategy for Gaussian Density Estimation. pp

We consider on-line density estimation with a Gaussian of unit variance. In each trial t the learner predicts a mean (cid:181) t . Then it receives an instance x t chosen by the adversary and incurs loss 1 2 ( (cid:181) t ¡ x t ) 2 . The performance of the learner is measured by the regret de£ned as the total loss of the learner minus the total loss of the best mean parameter chosen off-line. We assume that the horizon T of the protocol is £xed and known to both parties. We give the optimal strategies for both the learner and the adversary. The value of the game is 12 X 2 (ln T ¡ ln ln T + O (ln ln T= ln T )) , where X is an upper bound of the 2-norm of instances. We also consider the standard algorithm that predicts with (cid:181) t = P
Developing Teaching-Specific Spanish Competencies in Bilingual Teacher Education: Toward a Culturally, Linguistically, and Professionally Relevant Approach

The emergence of K-12 bilingual/dual-language schools1 1 Although we recognize the distinction between “dynamic” forms of bilingualism characteristic of bilingual education programs and “compartmentalized” forms generally characteristic of “dual-language” programs (García, 2014), in this article we employ the term “bilingual/dual-language education” to include both programmatic approaches and to reclaim the term “bilingual. ” in the United States require bilingual teacher education programs across the nation continue to “build on the language strengths”2 2 See Zentella (2005). of bilingual teacher candidates and provide them with ample opportunities to acquire the language competencies needed for teaching content-area knowledge across the bilingual curriculum. Although the need to prepare linguistically qualified bilingual/dual-language teachers is relevant to all language programs comprising the bilingual teacher education field, in this article the authors describe a culturally, linguistically, and professionally relevant approach for developing the teaching-specific Spanish language competencies of future bilingual teachers. Educating the new generation of linguistically qualified bilingual educators calls for an engaged and responsive pedagogy that will prepare teachers to orchestrate K-12 teaching and learning experiences where languages (Spanish, in this particular case) function as multidimensional bodies encompassing and empowering the cultures and funds of knowledge teachers and students bring to the classroom.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Hepatectomy

Background: The influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. Here we investigated the impact of DM on the prognosis of such patients after curative hepatectomy. Methods: A consecutive cohort of 505 patients with HCC (134 with DM, 371 without) underwent curative hepatectomy were retrospectively evaluated. Postoperative morbidity and mortality, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between patients with or without DM. Independent prognostic predictors were identified using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Patients with or without DM showed similar morbidity and 30- and 90- day mortality after curative hepatectomy (all P>0.05), as well as similar DFS at 1, 3, 5 years (P = 0.781). However, the group of patients with DM showed significantly lower OS at 1, 3, 5 years than the group without DM (P = 0.038). Similar results were obtained in the propensity-matched cohort. Cox multivariate analysis identified DM as an independent predictor of poor OS, but not of poor DFS. We repeat compared OS and DFS for DM and non-DM subgroups defined according to the presence or absence of hepatitis B virus infection and cirrhosis. Similar results were obtained in all subgroups except the non-cirrhotic subgroup which showed patients with and without DM had similar OS. Conclusions: DM does not significantly affect the postoperative morbidity or mortality or the DFS of patients with HCC after curative hepatectomy. It is, however, associated with significantly lower OS, especially in patients with cirrhosis.
Learning-by-Doing as a Propagation Mechanism

This Paper suggests that skill accumulation through past work experience, or ‘learning-by-doing’ (LBD), can provide an important propagation mechanism in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, as the current labour supply affects future productivity. Our econometric analysis uses a Bayesian approach to combine micro-level panel data with aggregate time series. Formal model evaluation shows that the introduction of the LBD mechanism improves the model's ability to fit the dynamics of aggregate output and hours.
Community College Adjunct Faculty Inclusion: Variations by Institution Type.

The present article derives from a larger study about the academic and social inclusion of adjunct faculty at representative public, 2-year colleges in Texas. The research identified a significant difference in adjunct faculty inclusion by institution type. Subject institutions represented Basic Carnegie Classification categories: rural, suburban, and urban. Data from survey responses of 75 adjuncts were analyzed using a variety of statistical methods. Results indicated that adjuncts from the rural community college were included in academic and social campus cultures more often than were adjuncts from the suburban and urban community colleges, but anomalies emerged that warrant further investigation. Because a majority of community college students receive instruction from part-time faculty, it is important to understand how adjuncts interact with and perceive their relationships to their institutions and students.
Heterogeneity of metallo-beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum from Hangzhou, China.

OBJECTIVES To determine the distribution and heterogeneity of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) responsible for imipenem resistance in Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. METHODS Clinical C. meningosepticum isolates (n = 170) were collected from hospitals in Hangzhou, China. Production of MBLs was investigated by determination of imipenem MICs, and by using both a three-dimensional test and a 2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibitory test. Genes encoding BlaB and GOB MBLs were amplified by PCR, sequenced and compared with genes in GenBank. RESULTS More than 95% of the 170 isolates showed high (MIC > 16 mg/L) or intermediate resistance to imipenem, but only 94 isolates (55%) were shown phenotypically to produce MBLs (imipenem MIC range, 8-256 mg/L), with MBL genes detected in 93 of these. Among them, 83 isolates had blaB alleles and 65 isolates had bla(GOB) alleles; 38 isolates possessed one MBL gene and 55 isolates contained two genes. The major blaB alleles encoded BlaB-2, -3 and -11, while the major bla(GOB) alleles encoded GOB-2, -4, -8 and -10. MBLs or their genes were not detected in 76 (45%) isolates, including many that were highly resistant to imipenem. CONCLUSIONS High levels and rates of imipenem resistance in C. meningosepticum from Hangzhou often result from the presence of heterogeneous BlaB and/or GOB MBLs, although undefined carbapenem resistance mechanisms also exist. Susceptibility testing and screening for MBLs should be conducted in order to inform effective treatment for C. meningosepticum infections.
Cold dust in (some) high‐z supernova host galaxies

We present deep submillimetre photometry for 14 galaxies at z = 0.5 that are hosts of Type la supernovae, with the aim of examining the evolution of dust mass and extinction in normal galaxies. We combine these results with our previous observations of 17 z ~ 0.5 SN1a hosts to look for any evolution in the dust content of normal galaxies between z = 0 and 0.5. The average observed-frame 850-µm flux of SN1a hosts in the full sample, excluding two bright individually detected objects, is 0.44 ± 0.22 mJy. This flux level is consistent with there being little or no evolution in the dust content, or optical extinction, of normal galaxies from z = 0 to 0.5. One galaxy, the host of SN1996cf, is detected individually, and we also present a deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) image for this object. It appears to be an edge-on disc system, similar to the submillimetre bright host of SN1997ey. We thus examine the dust properties of these and one other individually detected object. Flux ratios and limits of 450-850 µm suggest that the dust in the two brightest submillimetre sources, SN1996cf and SN1997ey, is cold, T ~ 20 K, implying that they contain a substantial mass of dust ~ 10^(9) M_⊙. The presence of two bright F_(850) > 7 mJy) submillimetre sources at z ~ 0.5 in a sample of ostensibly normal galaxies is surprising, and has important implications. It supports the idea that a substantial part of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) may be produced at z < 1, while also suggesting that 'foreground' objects such as these may be a significant 'contaminant' in submillimetre surveys. Finally, we examine the overall submillimetre luminosity distribution at z = 0.5 implied by our results, and conclude that either there is substantial evolution in the submillimetre luminosity function from z = 0 to 0.5, or our submillimetre-detected sources are somehow not representative of the bulk of galaxies at this redshift.
Circulating Microvesicles Are Elevated Acutely following Major Burns Injury and Associated with Clinical Severity

Microvesicles are cell-derived signaling particles emerging as important mediators and biomarkers of systemic inflammation, but their production in severe burn injury patients has not been described. In this pilot investigation, we measured circulating microvesicle levels following severe burns, with severe sepsis patients as a comparator group. We hypothesized that levels of circulating vascular cell-derived microvesicles are elevated acutely following burns injury, mirroring clinical severity due to the early onset and prevalence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in these patients. Blood samples were obtained from patients with moderate to severe thermal injury burns, with severe sepsis, and from healthy volunteers. Circulating microvesicles derived from total leukocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and endothelial cells were quantified in plasma by flow cytometry. All circulating microvesicle subpopulations were elevated in burns patients on day of admission (day 0) compared to healthy volunteers (leukocyte-microvesicles: 3.5-fold, p = 0.005; granulocyte-microvesicles: 12.8-fold, p<0.0001; monocyte-microvesicles: 20.4-fold, p<0.0001; endothelial- microvesicles: 9.6-fold, p = 0.01), but decreased significantly by day 2. Microvesicle levels were increased with severe sepsis, but less consistently between patients. Leukocyte- and granulocyte-derived microvesicles on day 0 correlated with clinical assessment scores and were higher in burns ICU non-survivors compared to survivors (leukocyte MVs 4.6 fold, p = 0.002; granulocyte MVs 4.8 fold, p = 0.003). Mortality prediction analysis of area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (p = 0.01) for total leukocyte microvesicles and 0.85 (p = 0.04) for granulocyte microvesicles. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, acute increases in circulating microvesicles following burns injury in patients and point to their potential role in propagation of sterile SIRS-related pathophysiology.
Dynamic end-to-end guarantees in distributed real time systems

Many distributed real-time applications are structured as a set of processes communicating through synchronous channels. Unfortunately, process interactions and especially synchronous communications make the problem of predictably scheduling the tasks more complex. In distributed systems the local and remote tasks as well as the messages over the network must be properly scheduled and synchronized to meet the deadlines of the application. To find such a, schedule is not an easy task, in fact, this problem is NP complete even if one has complete knowledge of the future arrival times for all the processes in the system. The objective of this paper is to develop a scheme that allows for the dynamic scheduling and guaranteeing of distributed processes communicating via synchronous primitives. For efficiency reasons a combination of off-line and on-line scheduling is performed. Precedence and communication constraints are converted off-line into pseudo-deadlines for each task, enabling efficient on-line processing. The on-line scheduling operates in parallel at the sites involved in the distributed computation, further obtaining efficiency. The overall end-to-end scheduling includes the joint and coordinated scheduling of tasks and messages in a reflective memory distributed architecture. <<ETX>>
A Social Movement Perspective on Corporate Control

Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Start Page: 141 ISSN: 00018392 Subject Terms: Studies Shareholder relations Interest groups Corporate governance Corporate culture Shareholder relations Organizational structure Management Classification Codes: 9190: US 9130: Experimental/theoretical treatment 2500: Organizational behavior 2400: Public relations Geographic Names: US Abstract: A study argues that efficiency-oriented approaches to corporate governance and law are limited in their ability to explain the politics of corporate control and, in particular, the rise of shareholder activism. Politics, like other social action, is embedded in social structures that influence whether, when, and how collective action is accomplished by interest groups. A social movement framework is used to explain the changing capacities of shareholders and managers as members of classes to act on their interests in control at the firm, state, and federal level. This framework is illustrated by showing how activist shareholders increased their influence in corporate governance in the early 1990s.
Concentrated Shareholdings and the Number of Outside Analysts

Assuming some fixed cost to information acquisition, diffuse shareholders in publicly held firms have little incentive to produce information that can substitute for the services of financial analysts. However, we argue that concentrated shareholdings, either by outsiders like institutions or by inside managers, reduce the demand for analyst services. The former group finds it worthwhile to produce its own information and avoid any moral hazard problems associated with analyst forecasts, while the concentration of shareholdings by insiders reduces the moral hazard problem associated with outside claimants (Jensen and Meckling 1976) and may work as an independent signal of quality (Leland and Pyle 1977). Earlier authors have provided evidence that the number of analysts following a firm is associated with the distribution of shareholdings between institutions, insiders, and other shareholders. In this paper we provide evidence that, after controlling for any average distributional effects, increased concentration of shareholdings by either insiders or outsiders (like institutions) is associated with lower analyst following. The results are robust to alternative measures of concentration and the definition of outside shareholders.
Apigenin Attenuates Melanoma Cell Migration by Inducing Anoikis through Integrin and Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition

Apigenin, a nonmutagenic flavonoid, has been found to have antitumor properties and is therefore particularly relevant for the development of chemotherapeutic agents for cancers. In this study, time- and dose-dependent cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed to determine the effects of apigenin on A2058 and A375 melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were pretreated with different concentrations of apigenin and analyzed for morphological changes, anoikis induction, cell migration, and levels of proteins associated with apoptosis. Apigenin reduced integrin protein levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), which induce anoikis in human cutaneous melanoma cells. Apigenin exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of melanoma cell migration, unlike untreated controls. Furthermore, apigenin treatment increased apoptotic factors such as caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the metastasis of melanoma cells. Our results provide a new insight into the mechanisms by which apigenin prevents melanoma metastasis by sensitizing anoikis induced by the loss of integrin proteins in the FAK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These findings elucidate the related mechanisms and suggest the potential of apigenin in developing clinical treatment strategies against malignant melanoma.