Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Estimation of Bipartite Matchings for Record Linkage

ABSTRACT The bipartite record linkage task consists of merging two disparate datafiles containing information on two overlapping sets of entities. This is nontrivial in the absence of unique identifiers and it is important for a wide variety of applications given that it needs to be solved whenever we have to combine information from different sources. Most statistical techniques currently used for record linkage are derived from a seminal article by Fellegi and Sunter in 1969. These techniques usually assume independence in the matching statuses of record pairs to derive estimation procedures and optimal point estimators. We argue that this independence assumption is unreasonable and instead target a bipartite matching between the two datafiles as our parameter of interest. Bayesian implementations allow us to quantify uncertainty on the matching decisions and derive a variety of point estimators using different loss functions. We propose partial Bayes estimates that allow uncertain parts of the bipartite matching to be left unresolved. We evaluate our approach to record linkage using a variety of challenging scenarios and show that it outperforms the traditional methodology. We illustrate the advantages of our methods merging two datafiles on casualties from the civil war of El Salvador. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Commitment of B Lymphocytes to a Plasma Cell Fate Is Associated with Blimp-1 Expression In Vivo1

B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) is a transcriptional repressor that is sufficient to trigger terminal differentiation in the B cell lymphoma BCL-1. In this study, we have determined the expression pattern of Blimp-1 in vivo in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of humans and immunized mice. Blimp-1 is expressed in plasma cells derived from either a T-independent or T-dependent response in plasma cells that have undergone isotype switching and those resulting from secondary immunization. Blimp-1 is also present in long-lived plasma cells residing in the bone marrow. However, Blimp-1 was not detected in memory B cells. This expression pattern provides further evidence of a critical role for Blimp-1 in plasma cell development, supporting earlier studies in cultured lines. Significantly, Blimp-1 was also found in a fraction (4–15%) of germinal center B cells in murine spleen and human tonsils. Blimp-1 expression in the germinal center is associated with an interesting subset of cells with a phenotype intermediate between germinal center B cells and plasma cells. In the mouse, Blimp-1+ germinal center B cells peak at day 12 postimmunization and disappear soon thereafter. They are not apoptotic, some are proliferating, they express germinal center markers peanut agglutinin or CD10 but not Bcl-6, and most express CD138 (syndecan-1), IRF4, and cytoplasmic Ig. Together, these data support a model in which B cell fate decisions occur within the germinal center and Blimp-1 expression is critical for commitment to a plasma cell, rather than a memory cell, fate.
Toward a Cross-Cultural Understanding of Work-Related Beliefs

Although psychology's contribution to a study ofthe Protestant Work Ethic (PWE) made a slow start we nowhave an impressive array of studies which have examinedthis construct, even cross-culturally, and find that not only is this construct seeminglyalive and well, but also that it is espoused morestrongly by non-Protestant and non-Western countries.Furnham (1990b) examined a composite of seven scales designed to measure the PWE, and found thatseveral factors could be identified. A study wasundertaken to compare the meaning of work in twodifferent cultures, one “Western” Christian(Australian) and the other non-Western Buddhist (Sri Lankan). The results suggest that both cultures have similarperceptions about the meaning of work, but Sri Lankansseem to be more strongly committed to hard work.Although work related beliefs seem to be similar, SriLankans do not endorse the belief that hard work leadsto success as enthusiastically as Australiansdo.
DCIR is endocytosed into human dendritic cells and inhibits TLR8‐mediated cytokine production

C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed on APCs play a pivotal role in the immune system as pattern‐recognition and antigen‐uptake receptors. In addition, they may signal directly, leading to cytokine production and immune modulation. To this end, some CLRs, like dectin‐1 and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), contain intracellular ITIMs or ITAMs. In this study, we explored expression and function of the ITIM‐containing CLR DCIR on professional APCs. DCIR is expressed on immature and mature monocyte‐derived DCs (moDC) but also on monocytes, macrophages, B cells, and freshly isolated myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs. We show that endogenous DCIR is internalized efficiently into human moDC after triggering with DCIR‐specific mAb. DCIR internalization is clathrin‐dependent and leads to its localization in the endo‐/lysosomal compartment, including lysosome‐associated membrane protein‐1+ lysosomes. DCIR triggering affected neither TLR4‐ nor TLR8‐mediated CD80 and CD86 up‐regulation. Interestingly, it did inhibit TLR8‐mediated IL‐12 and TNF‐α production significantly, and TLR2‐, TLR3‐, or TLR4‐induced cytokine production was not affected. Collectively, the data presented characterize DCIR as an APC receptor that is endocytosed efficiently in a clathrin‐dependent manner and negatively affects TLR8‐mediated cytokine production. These data provide further support to the concept of CLR/TLR cross‐talk in modulating immune responses.
Do processes of change predict smoking stage movements? A prospective analysis of the transtheoretical model.

The transtheoretical model (TTM) posits that processes of change and the pros and cons of smoking predict progressive movement through the stages of change. This study provides both a cross-sectional replication and a prospective test of this hypothesis. As part of a larger study of worksite cancer prevention (the Working Well Trial), employees of 26 manufacturing worksites completed a baseline and 2 annual follow-up surveys. Of the 63% of employees completing baseline surveys, 27.7% were smokers (N = 1,535), and a cohort of these smokers completed the 2-year follow-up. Cross-sectional results replicated previous studies with virtually all the processes of change and the cons of smoking increasing in linear fashion from precontemplation to preparation (all ps < .00001), and the pros of smoking decreasing (p < .01). However, contrary to the hypothesis, the baseline processes of change and the pros and cons of smoking failed to predict progressive stage movements at either the 1- or the 2-year follow-ups. Possible explanations for these findings and concerns about the conceptual internal consistency of the TTM are discussed.
Peroxisomes Are Required for in Vivo Nitric Oxide Accumulation in the Cytosol following Salinity Stress of Arabidopsis Plants1[C][W][OA]

Peroxisomes are unique organelles involved in multiple cellular metabolic pathways. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical active in many physiological functions under normal and stress conditions. Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) wild type and mutants expressing green fluorescent protein through the addition of peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), which enables peroxisomes to be visualized in vivo, this study analyzes the temporal and cell distribution of NO during the development of 3-, 5-, 8-, and 11-d-old Arabidopsis seedlings and shows that Arabidopsis peroxisomes accumulate NO in vivo. Pharmacological analyses using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors detected the presence of putative calcium-dependent NOS activity. Furthermore, peroxins Pex12 and Pex13 appear to be involved in transporting the putative NOS protein to peroxisomes, since pex12 and pex13 mutants, which are defective in PTS1- and PTS2-dependent protein transport to peroxisomes, registered lower NO content. Additionally, we show that under salinity stress (100 mm NaCl), peroxisomes are required for NO accumulation in the cytosol, thereby participating in the generation of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) and in increasing protein tyrosine nitration, which is a marker of nitrosative stress.
PhoY 2 of Mycobacteria Is Required for Metabolic Homeostasis and Stress Response

The ability of pathogenic mycobacteria to adapt to diverse environments is essential for their success as pathogens. Here we describe a transposon-inactivated phoY2 mutant of Mycobacterium marinum. PhoY2 of mycobacteria is a functional homologue of PhoU in Escherichia coli and an important component of the Pho regulon. We found that PhoY2 is required for maintaining intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis and balanced energy and redox states. Disruption of phoY2 resulted in elevated levels of intracellular poly-Pi and ATP and an elevated NAD /NADH ratio, and the mutant strain exhibited increased sensitivity to environmental stress conditions, including nutrient deprivation as well as SDS and antibiotic treatments. Taken together, our results suggest that PhoY2 is required for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and adaptation to stress conditions, which may provide an explanation for the suggested role of PhoY2 in drug tolerance.
Computer-Mediated Communication and Majority Influence

Strong majority influence can potentially harm organizational decisions by causing decision makers to engage in groupthink. This study examines whether and how computer-mediated communication (CMC) can reduce majority influence and thereby enhance the quality of decisions in some situations. To measure the impact of CMC on majority influence, three settings (unsupported, face-to-face CMC, and dispersed CMC) were compared. Matching laboratory experiments were carried out in an individualistic (the US) and a collectivistic culture (Singapore) to determine how the impact of CMC might be moderated by national culture. An intellective and a preference task were used to see whether the impact of CMC might be moderated by task type. The results showed that the impact of CMC on majority influence was contingent upon national culture. In the individualistic culture, majority influence was stronger in the unsupported setting than the face-to-face CMC and dispersed CMC settings. In the collectivistic culture, there were no corresponding differences. The results also revealed that the impact of CMC on majority influence was not moderated by task type. Instead, task type had a direct impact on majority influence. Regardless of the setting involved, majority influence was stronger with the preference than the intellective task. Besides demonstrating how cultural factors may moderate the impact of CMC, this study raises the broader issue of cultural relativism in current knowledge on CMC.
The Personality Structure of the Musician

This series of articles has presented data which indicate the existence of a stable structure for the musician. This pattern becomes progressively clearer as criterion groups were more highly selected and musically experienced. All musicians, it was hypothesised, possess a pattern of traits which could be interpreted as facilitating the process of developing the motor, perceptive and cognitive skills necessary for musical performance. By adopting larger samples of musicians of a wider diversity than those used by earlier researchers, sampling error would be minimised and the data less subject to extraneous and uncontrolled variance. Various classifications and cross-classifications were pursued to demonstrate the stability of the central trait profile.
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection in Mice Induces Chronic Lung Inflammation, iBALT Formation, and Fibrosis

Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) lung infection can induce chronic lung inflammation and is associated with not only acute asthma but also COPD exacerbations. However, in mouse models of CP infection, most studies have investigated specifically the acute phase of the infection and not the longer-term chronic changes in the lungs. We infected C57BL/6 mice with 5 × 10(5) CP intratracheally and monitored inflammation, cellular infiltrates and cytokine levels over time to investigate the chronic inflammatory lung changes. While bacteria numbers declined by day 28, macrophage numbers remained high through day 35. Immune cell clusters were detected as early as day 14 and persisted through day 35, and stained positive for B, T, and follicular dendritic cells, indicating these clusters were inducible bronchus associated lymphoid tissues (iBALTs). Classically activated inflammatory M1 macrophages were the predominant subtype early on while alternatively activated M2 macrophages increased later during infection. Adoptive transfer of M1 but not M2 macrophages intratracheally 1 week after infection resulted in greater lung inflammation, severe fibrosis, and increased numbers of iBALTS 35 days after infection. In summary, we show that CP lung infection in mice induces chronic inflammatory changes including iBALT formations as well as fibrosis. These observations suggest that the M1 macrophages, which are part of the normal response to clear acute C. pneumoniae lung infection, result in an enhanced acute response when present in excess numbers, with greater inflammation, tissue injury, and severe fibrosis.
Chronic corticosterone exposure alters postsynaptic protein levels of PSD‐95, NR1, and synaptopodin in the mouse brain

Animal models provide compelling evidence that chronic stress is associated with biochemical and morphological changes in the brain, many of which are mediated by corticosterone, a principal glucocorticoid synthesized in the rodent adrenal cortex and secreted in response to stress. To better characterize the effects of chronic corticosterone at the synaptic and subsynaptic level, we implanted three‐month‐old male C57B/6 mice with 2 × 5 mg corticosterone pellets (CORT group, n = 14), 21 day release formulation (20 mg/kg/day dose) or placebo pellets (Placebo group, n = 14), 21‐day release formulation. After 20 days, brains were removed. One hemisphere was frozen for biochemical analysis by synaptosomal fractionation with Western blotting, and the other hemisphere was fixed for immunohistochemistry. Localization and expression levels for PSD‐95, NR1, and synaptopodin proteins were assessed. Biochemical analysis revealed lower protein levels of PSD‐95 (32% decrease, P < 0.001), NR1 (47%, P = 0.01), and synaptopodin (65%, P < 0.001) in the postsynaptic density subsynaptic fraction of the CORT group. Optical densitometry in immunohistochemically labeled sections also found lower levels of PSD‐95 in synaptic fields of the dentate gyrus (PSD‐95, 33% decrease, P < 0.001; NR1, 31%, P < 0.001; synaptopodin, 40%, P < 0.001) and the CA3 stratum lucidum (36%, P < 0.001, 40%, P < 0.001, and 35%, P < 0.001) of the CORT group. While mechanistic relationships for these changes are not yet known, we speculate that synaptopodin, which is involved in regulation of spine calcium kinetics and posttranslational modification and transport of locally synthesized proteins, may play an important role in the changes of PSD‐95 and NR1 protein levels and other synaptic alterations. Synapse 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Baseline Instruments to the Jamar Dynamometer and the B&L Engineering Pinch Gauge

This study compared different types of grip and pinch strength measurement devices to determine their inter-instrument reliability and concurrent validity. The study included 40 females and 40 males who were tested on 2 types of grip and pinch strength measurement devices using a repeated measure design. Results indicated that the Jamar and Baseline hydraulic dynamometers have acceptable inter-instrument reliability and concurrent validity (i.e., they measure grip strength equivalently) and can be used interchangeably. Thus, therapists using the Baseline dynamometer are justified in using published normative data that were collected with the jamar dynamometer. In contrast, Baseline regular and hydraulic pinch gauges did not measure tip, hey, and palmer pinch strength equivalently with the B&L Engineering pinch gauge. As a result, therapists using Baseline pinch gauges are not justified in using published normative data that were collected with the B&L Engineering pinch gauge. Therapists should not interchange different types of grip and pinch strength measurement devices unless there is evidence that they measure equivalently.
Natural co-infection caused by avian in fl uenza H 9 subtype and infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler chicken farms

Although H9N2 AIV (Avian Infl uenza Virus) is pathotyped as a low pathogenic avian infl uenza virus, our extensive fi eld experiences over the last decade show serious disease and high mortality in broiler chicken associated with this subtype in many regions of Iran. One of the possible explanations for such high mortality and great economic losses could be mixed infection with other respiratory pathogens such as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). This investigation was conducted to study the natural co-infections of H9N2 AIV and infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler chicken fl ocks in Fars province, Iran. Tracheal samples were taken from chickens in 30 closely monitored broiler fl ocks suffering from respiratory disease with mortality higher than normal range. RT-PCR was performed using primers in order to detect the M protein and the H9 gene of avian infl uenza A. The multiplex nested RT-PCR was also performed to detect Massachusetts, 793B (4/91) and D274 serotypes of IBV in the samples. In this study, AIV and IBV were detected in 16 (53/3%) and 12 (40%) out of 30 fl ocks, respectively. The tracheal samples of 11 out of 12 fl ocks were positive for 4/91 strain of IBV and one for Massachusetts serotype. A mixed infection of AIV (H9 subtype) and IBV (4/91 serotype) was observed in four fl ocks with severe lesions and 20-30% mortality. The results of this study indicate the high occurrence of natural co-infection of AIV and IBV in Iranian broiler chicken farms showing respiratory signs and they show that the mortality rate in co-infected fl ocks was signifi cantly higher than others (P<0.05).
Maintenance of asthma control by once‐daily inhaled ciclesonide in adults with persistent asthma

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended therapy for persistent asthma, although side effects can limit appropriate use. Ciclesonide, a novel ICS, is activated in the lung, thereby reducing systemic activity and side effects. This 12‐week, double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ciclesonide in adults with persistent asthma.
Congruence in Job-Performance Ratings: A Study of 360° Feedback Examining Self, Manager, Peers, and Consultant Ratings

Seven task-oriented teams worked together for between 4 and 6 months on a project. At the end of the task, members were each subject to four task-performance ratings: from self, superior, team-peers, and a consultant who was part of the team. There were fewer than chance differences between the different teams on the congruence measures so the data was combined. While the congruence between self and manager, self and peer, and self and consultant ratings were very low, the manager-peer, manager-consultant, and peer-consultant congruence was overall high. Observable behaviors like forward planning and communication showed overall highest congruence while less observable cognitive variables showed much lower congruence. These results are similar to previous studies in the area. Implications of the use of these ratings in management development are considered.
Structure in Category-Based Induction

We investigated category-based inference tasks, contrasting the predictions of structural alignment theory as applied to categorization with those of feature-overlap models of similarity . We provide evidence for the differential level of importance of causal information in category-based inference tasks, as predicted by the systematicity principle (Gentner, 1983) . Our basic paradigm consists of a task in which participants decide between inferences based on shared causal antecedents or shared attributes . Experiment I demonstrated a preference for the causal inference when the target animal shares one attribute with one of the base animals and one causal antecedent with the other base. Iii Experiment 2, we found that this preference holds even when the target animal shares greater attribute similarity with the noncausal base (i .e ., the target shares two attributes with one base and one causal antecedent with the other) . Experiment 2 also served to demonstrate that this result can indeed be attributed to the influence of causal structure, and not to surface stimulus properties, such as sentence length . Overall, the results agreed with the predictions of structural alignment theory and were inconsistent with a feature-overlap account .
Odd Alliances: Working Theories on ‘Unintended Consequences’ of Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa, New Zealand

WHAT HAPPENS TO CHILDREN'S free play when learning outcomes are required? What happens when safety is foregrounded over exploration? When does accountability become surveillance? When does visualising children as an investment opportunity make children ‘too precious’? Based on the analysis of oral history interviews with historic leaders of Aotearoa, New Zealand's early childhood sector, this paper examines some unintended consequences of the sector's professionalisation. It draws on contemporary, feminist and classical sociological theory (Bunkle, 1995; Foucault, 1970/2001; Merton, 1934; Moss, 2010) to support a discursive model that focuses on how ‘odd’ alliances can push the sector in unanticipated directions.
SoxC transcription factors are essential for the development of the inner ear

Significance Hair cells, the sensory receptors of the inner ear, underlie our ability to hear and maintain balance. In mammals, these cells are formed by birth, and they cannot be restored through regeneration. Mammals therefore lack the capacity to recover hearing and balance after the loss of hair cells. By assessing gene expression during inner ear development in mice, we identified several genes that are downregulated at the cessation of hair cell production. We demonstrated that two of these genes—Sox4 and Sox11—are necessary and sufficient for the production of hair cells in the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. Our data suggest that Sox4 and Sox11 represent targets in the development of therapies for deafness and disequilibrium. Hair cells, the mechanosensory receptors of the inner ear, underlie the senses of hearing and balance. Adult mammals cannot adequately replenish lost hair cells, whose loss often results in deafness or balance disorders. To determine the molecular basis of this deficiency, we investigated the development of a murine vestibular organ, the utricle. Here we show that two members of the SoxC family of transcription factors, Sox4 and Sox11, are down-regulated after the epoch of hair cell development. Conditional ablation of SoxC genes in vivo results in stunted sensory organs of the inner ear and loss of hair cells. Enhanced expression of SoxC genes in vitro conversely restores supporting cell proliferation and the production of new hair cells in adult sensory epithelia. These results imply that SoxC genes govern hair cell production and thus advance these genes as targets for the restoration of hearing and balance.