Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The pasture ryegrass plant , what is it ?

Detailed studies of plant growth processes are important in understanding the performance and persistence of species in pastures, particularly in response to uncharacteristic environmental stress. The morphology of perennial ryegrass plants in mixed sheep grazed pastures was determined in self containedfarmletsundercontrastingmanagements ofrotational grazing, set stocking or a combination of both. Average size was 90 mg total DW, with 45 tillers and 12-13 leaves, little different to white clover. Ryegrass exhibits strong clonal growth, with extension at the apex and death of the basal stem releasing branches to form new plants at regular intervals, maintaining a stable population structure of small plants all year. The normally short internodes on ryegrass stems can elongate to form stolon and elevate the apex to a more favourable position if survival is threatened. On average only 2530% of plants contained stolon at any one time. Because of high plant density the quantities of ryegrass stem present was often in excess of that produced by white clover in the same swards. Grazing management did not affect plant structure (numbers of tillers, leaves etc) only their size (dry weight), but had marked effects on pasture structure and subsequent survival of plants under stress.
- March 3 , 2011 , Phoenix , AZ Inhibited Release of Mobile Contaminants from Hanford Tank Residual Waste – 11447

Investigations of contaminant release from Hanford Site tank residual waste have indicated that in some cases certain contaminants of interest (Tc and Cr) exhibit inhibited release. The percentage of Tc that dissolved from residual waste from tanks 241-C-103, 241C-106, 241-C-202, and 241-C-203 ranged from approximately 6 % to 10 %. The percent leachable Cr from residual waste from tanks C-103, C-202, and C-203 ranged from approximately 1.1 % to 44 %. Solid phase characterization results indicate that the recalcitrant forms of these contaminants are associated with iron oxides. X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis of Tc and Cr in residual waste indicates that these contaminants occur in Fe oxide particles as their lower, less soluble oxidation states [Tc(IV) and Cr(III)]. The form of these contaminants is likely as oxides or hydroxides incorporated within the structure of the Fe oxide. Leaching behavior of U from tank residual waste was studied using deionized water, and CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 saturated solutions as leachants. The release behavior of U from tank residual waste is complex. Initial U concentrations in water and CaCO3 leachants are high due to residual amounts of the highly soluble U mineral čejkaite. As leaching and dilution occur NaUO2PO4·xH2O, Na2U2O7(am) and schoepite (or a similar phase) become the solubility controlling phases for U. In the case of the Ca(OH)2 leachant, U release from tank residual waste is dramatically reduced. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that the solubility of CaUO4(c) controls release of U from residual waste in the Ca(OH)2 leachants. It is assumed the solubility controlling phase is actually a hydrated version of CaUO4 with a variable water content ranging from CaUO4 to CaUO4·(H2O). The critically reviewed value for CaUO4(c) (log KSP = 15.94) produced good agreement with our experimental data for the Ca(OH)2 leachates.
Acoustic analysis of snoring before and after palatal surgery

To investigate the effectiveness of palatal surgery for nonapnoeic snoring, 35 patients were block randomised to undergo one of two different palatoplasty procedures. Patients were admitted pre-operatively for audio recording of snoring sound and video recording of sleeping position, and between 1.0 and 4.1 months (mean 2.5) and between 5.9 and 17.5 months (mean 9.7) post-operatively. Sound files, comprising the inspiratory sound of the first 100 snores whilst sleeping in a supine position, were analysed using specifically designed software. Snore duration (s), loudness (dBA), periodicity (%) and energy ratios for the frequency bands 0–200 Hz, 0–250 Hz and 0–400 Hz were calculated. Subjective outcomes were noted. Operation type, body mass index, age, peak nasal inspiratory flow rate, Epworth sleep score and alcohol intake were considered as confounding variables. No patient was cured from snoring. Paired t-test analysis demonstrated statistically significant changes between pre- and early post-operative recordings for snore periodicity and energy ratios in the frequency ranges 0–200 Hz, 0–250 Hz and 0–400 Hz. In conclusion, only the 0–250-Hz energy ratio measurements maintained a statistically significant improvement at the time of the late post-operative recording, despite an obvious drift back to pre-operative levels. No confounding variables were identified. The subjective and objective results correlated poorly. Post-operative changes in the acoustic parameters of snoring sound, following palatal surgery, are demonstrable but short-lived.
Assessment of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils from some Beninese medicinal plants : Influence of different tweens

J. Bonou1,2, H. Ahouandjinou1,2, F. Baba-Moussa1,2, Z. Adéoti2, V. Dougnon3, I. Metongnon1,2, J. D. Gbenou4, F. Toukourou2 and L. Baba-Moussa5* 1National Laboratory of the Quality Control of Medicines and Consumable Drugs known as ‘’ (LNCQ)’’, Ministry of Health, 06 BP 139 Cotonou, BENIN. 2Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, ISBA-Champ de Foire, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, BENIN. 3Research Laboratory in Applied Biology known as ‘’(LARBA)’’, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, BENIN. 4Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential Oils, Faculty of Health Sciences-Faculty of Science and Technology, University of AbomeyCalavi, ISBA-Champ de foire, Cotonou, BENIN. 5Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, BENIN. Medicinal plants have an important place in the therapy mechanism of Benin's population. According to the World Health Organization, 75% of African populations use plants for treatment. Many researchers used to work with tweens. Thus, this work aimed to study the influence of the use of different types of tween in the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of four essential oils. It helped also to determine the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of those oils including their chemical compositions. Essential oils from some plants were obtained. The sensitivity of germs namely Micrococcus luteus ; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 ; Proteus mirabilis ATCC 24974 ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 ; Candida albicans IP 4872 to the various essential oils by microdilution technique was tested. Two chromatographic analyzes were performed for each oil on a gas chromatograph electronically controlled pressure. Results and Implications: Tween 60 has the best features, tweens 20 and 40 at 5% do not allow having a good dispersion of the essential oils in liquid media and a good spread in agar media. Furthermore, tween 80 seems to have a synergistic action with the essential oils although it shows good results. The chemical analysis showed several major compounds: myrcene (11.48%), neral (33.53%), geranial (43.10%), estragole (97.10%), limonene (61.40%), 1,8-cineole (61.60%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oils range between 0.078 and 10 mg / ml and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (CMB) range from 0.078 to 10 ml /ml.
Nucleic Acids and Tumor Genesis in Broad Bean " RICHARDM

In an earlier communication, marked changes were reported in the level of nucleic acids during structurally well defined stages in the genesis of crown gall tumors in tomato (9). In view of the distinctive pattern of these changes, it seemed ad visable to extend these studies to other plant tumors to ascertain whether nucleic acid changes were, in fact, concurrent with the process of tumorigenesis and to determine whether they were related to the histological and cytochemical changes that occur in tumor genesis. Furthermore, it was important to determine whether these changes were restricted to tumors or were charac teristic of plant neoplastic growth in general. Broad bean (Vicia f aba, var. English Windsor) was chosen for this study, to compare earlier studies on Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumors in tomato with a different host and pathogen. The bean is not susceptible to A. tumefaciens, but when inoculated with A. rubi does form tumors which are grossly distinct from those formed by tomato and many other hosts (4). Furthermore, bean tissues possess large cells and nuclei which can be studied histochemically.
Power Electronics in Wind Turbine Systems

The global electrical energy consumption is still rising and there is a steady demand to increase the power capacity. The production, distribution and the use of the energy should be as technological efficient as possible and incentives to save energy at the end-user should be set up. The deregulation of energy has lowered the investment in larger power plants, which means the need for new electrical power sources may be very high in the near future. Two major technologies will play important roles to solve the future problems. One is to change the electrical power production sources from the conventional, fossil (and short term) based energy sources to renewable energy resources. The other is to use high efficient power electronics in power systems, power production and end-user application. This paper discuss the most emerging renewable energy source, wind energy, which by means of power electronics is changing from being a minor energy source to be acting as an important power source in the energy system. By that wind power is also getting an added value in the power system operation
An Overview of Technologies and Selective Depressing Agents for Separating Chalcopyrite and Talc

Copper-bearing ore containing talc is generally considered as the most refractory type in various chalcopyrite ores, which is predominantly due to the fact that it includes talc and good natural floatability of talc adversely affects the recovery of chalcopyrite. Flotation is the most economical and effective method to separate copper sulfide minerals and talc. For flotation process, there are selective flotation of talc before flotation of copper-bearing minerals, the flotation of copper-bearing minerals with depression of talc, and the bulk flotation of talc and copper-bearing minerals. At present, the researches focus on the depression of talc. The present work reviewed the molecular structure, properties and mechanism of organic and inorganic depressors for talc. The mechanism of action of depressors for talc includes electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and chemical bonding. At the same time, factors such as pH and ionic strength have an important influence on depression effect for talc. The synergism of combined depressors has various novel depression effects on talc surface, which is more efficient than single agent. In the future, separation technology for talc and chalcopyrite develops toward the application of new depressors and the modification of agents. Meanwhile, the development of new depressors for talc needs to consider the properties of associated minerals with talc and copper-bearing minerals. The combined depressors should be developed to maximize the recovery of valuable metals.
Personalized Privacy Policies: Challenges for Data Loss Prevention

Given the prevalence of data leaks, organizations appreciate the importance of implementing privacy policies to protect sensitive data. The growing field of Data Loss Prevention (DLP) offers tools to enforce such policies for both data stored within an organization and data being shared outside of an organization (e.g. through email). While the DLP community has given much attention to the problem of enforcing data privacy policies in a comprehensive manner, little has been done to support the development of such policies. We present a small user study demonstrating that developing such policies is also a very challenging problem. In our study, users were asked to evaluate various expressive file names for sensitivity; that it, they were asked to consider how broadly they were willing to share those filenames both inside and outside their place of employment. The study indicates that users interpret their employer’s privacy concerns in differing ways, resulting in complex, personalized privacy policies at the user end. These results suggest that it may be difficult for users to form a coherent organization-level privacy policy and that the results of a DLP-based enforcement of such policies (e.g. quarantined emails) may be confusing for many users in the organization.
Induction, Isolation, and Characterization of Two Laccases from the White Rot Basidiomycete Coriolopsis rigida

ABSTRACT Previous work has shown that the white rot fungus Coriolopsis rigida degraded wheat straw lignin and both the aliphatic and aromatic fractions of crude oil from contaminated soils. To better understand these processes, we studied the enzymatic composition of the ligninolytic system of this fungus. Since laccase was the sole ligninolytic enzyme found, we paid attention to the oxidative capabilities of this enzyme that would allow its participation in the mentioned degradative processes. We purified two laccase isoenzymes to electrophoretic homogeneity from copper-induced cultures. Both enzymes are monomeric proteins, with the same molecular mass (66 kDa), isoelectric point (3.9), N-linked carbohydrate content (9%), pH optima of 3.0 on 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and 2.5 on 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), absorption spectrum, and N-terminal amino acid sequence. They oxidized 4-anisidine and numerous phenolic compounds, including methoxyphenols, hydroquinones, and lignin-derived aldehydes and acids. Phenol red, an unusual substrate of laccase due to its high redox potential, was also oxidized. The highest enzyme affinity and efficiency were obtained with ABTS and, among phenolic compounds, with 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone (DBQH2). The presence of ABTS in the laccase reaction expanded the substrate range of C. rigida laccases to nonphenolic compounds and that of MBQH2 extended the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes to the production of H2O2, the oxidation of Mn2+, the reduction of Fe3+, and the generation of hydroxyl radicals. These results confirm the participation of laccase in the production of oxygen free radicals, suggesting novel uses of this enzyme in degradative processes.
Returnee Entrepreneurs – Characteristics and Success Factors

The role of returnee entrepreneurs in the development of emerging countries has recently received much attention. Returnee entrepreneurs refer to highly skilled people who start their business after spending significant time in the residence country for education and work. Returnee entrepreneurs may make significant contributions to the economic development of their host countries in unique manners, since they bring back advanced technology and human capital from developed countries. Despite of their potential economic impact, the previous research is mainly focused on specific ethnic groups such as Chinese returnee entrepreneurs. In order to explore the key question: what aspects would influence the success of returnee entrepreneurs’ business in original countries, the study highlights a new perspective of returnee entrepreneurship. By examining the characteristics of diaspora entrepreneurs, returnee entrepreneurs and transnational entrepreneurs, the study emphasizes their success factors in the country of origin. A single case of a successful ethnic Turkish returnee entrepreneur who used to live in Germany was conducted for this study. The study explored some crucial success factors such as gaining the supports from the local government as well as having an indigenous partner to set up his venture in the original country. Furthermore, the ability to adapt and have good knowledge in business and management were identified as further success factors of returnee entrepreneurs.
Single Image Layer Separation Using Relative Smoothness

This paper addresses extracting two layers from an image where one layer is smoother than the other. This problem arises most notably in intrinsic image decomposition and reflection interference removal. Layer decomposition from a single-image is inherently ill-posed and solutions require additional constraints to be enforced. We introduce a novel strategy that regularizes the gradients of the two layers such that one has a long tail distribution and the other a short tail distribution. While imposing the long tail distribution is a common practice, our introduction of the short tail distribution on the second layer is unique. We formulate our problem in a probabilistic framework and describe an optimization scheme to solve this regularization with only a few iterations. We apply our approach to the intrinsic image and reflection removal problems and demonstrate high quality layer separation on par with other techniques but being significantly faster than prevailing methods.
pH tolerances and regulatory abilities of freshwater and euryhaline Aedine mosquito larvae

SUMMARY The pH regulatory abilities of two members of the mosquito tribe Aedini, known to have dramatically different saline tolerances, are investigated. The freshwater mosquito Aedes aegypti and the euryhaline Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus tolerate very similar pH ranges. Both species complete larval development in waters ranging from pH 4 to pH 11, but naïve larvae always die in water of pH 3 or 12. Across the pH range 4–11, the hemolymph pH of O. taeniorhynchus is maintained constant while that of A. aegypti varies by 0.1 pH units. The salt composition of the water (3.5 g l–1 sea salt, 3.5 g l–1 NaCl, or nominally salt-free) has no effect on the range of pH tolerated by A. aegypti. In both species, the effects of pH on larval growth and development are minor in comparison with the influence of species and sex. Acclimation of A. aegypti to pH 4 or 11 increases survival times in pH 3 or 12, respectively, and allows a small percentage of larvae to pupate successfully at these extreme pH values. Such acclimation does not compromise survival at the other pH extreme.
Psychiatric comorbidity distribution and diversities in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study from Turkey

Objective We aimed to determine distribution and diversities of psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in terms of age groups, sex, and ADHD subtype. Materials and methods The sample included 6–18 year old children and adolescents from Turkey (N=108; 83 boys, 25 girls) diagnosed with ADHD. All comorbid diagnoses were determined based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version assessment. Results 96.3% of the cases were found to have at least one psychiatric comorbid diagnosis. The most frequent psychiatric comorbid disorder was oppositional defiant disorder (69.4%) followed by anxiety disorders (49%) and elimination disorders (27.8%). Disruptive behavior disorders were more common in ADHD-combined type. Depression and anxiety disorders were more common in girls. Separation anxiety disorder and elimination disorder were more common in children, whereas depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and social phobia were more common in the adolescents. Conclusion According to our results, when a diagnostic tool was used to assess the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, almost all cases had at least one comorbid diagnosis. Therefore, especially in the clinical sample, ADHD cases should not be solely interpreted with ADHD symptom domains, instead they should be investigated properly in terms of accompanying psychiatric disorders.
Medical futility at the end of life: the perspectives of intensive care and palliative care clinicians

Objectives Medical futility at the end of life is a growing challenge to medicine. The goals of the authors were to elucidate how clinicians define futility, when they perceive life-sustaining treatment (LST) to be futile, how they communicate this situation and why LST is sometimes continued despite being recognised as futile. Methods The authors reviewed ethics case consultation protocols and conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 physicians and 11 nurses from adult intensive and palliative care units at a tertiary hospital in Germany. The transcripts were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Results Futility was identified in the majority of case consultations. Interviewees associated futility with the failure to achieve goals of care that offer a benefit to the patient's quality of life and are proportionate to the risks, harms and costs. Prototypic examples mentioned are situations of irreversible dependence on LST, advanced metastatic malignancies and extensive brain injury. Participants agreed that futility should be assessed by physicians after consultation with the care team. Intensivists favoured an indirect and stepwise disclosure of the prognosis. Palliative care clinicians focused on a candid and empathetic information strategy. The reasons for continuing futile LST are primarily emotional, such as guilt, grief, fear of legal consequences and concerns about the family's reaction. Other obstacles are organisational routines, insufficient legal and palliative knowledge and treatment requests by patients or families. Conclusion Managing futility could be improved by communication training, knowledge transfer, organisational improvements and emotional and ethical support systems. The authors propose an algorithm for end-of-life decision making focusing on goals of treatment.
Visual properties of neurons in inferotemporal cortex of the Macaque.

IN THE LAST DEC,ADE, considerable progress has been made in understanding the physiology of one of the most fundamental aspects of human experience: perception of the visual world. It is now clear that the retina and visual pathways do not simply transmit a mosaic of Iight and dark to some central sensorium. Rather, even at the retinal level, specific features of visual stimuli are detected and their presence communicated to the next level. In cats and monkeys, the geniculostriate visual system consists of a series of converging and diverging connections such that at each successive tier of processing mechanism, single neurons respond to increasingly more specific visual stimuli falling on an increasingly wider area of the retina (19-Z). How far does this analytical-synthetic process continue whereby individual cells have more and more specific trigger features? Are there regions of the brain beyond striate and prestriatel cortex where this processing of visual information is carrie,d further? If so, how far and in what way? Are there cells that are concerned with the storage of visual information as well as its analysis? There are several lines of evidence suggesting that a possible site for further processing of visual information and perhaps even for storage of such information might, in the monkey, be inferotemporal cortexthe cortex on the inferior convexity of the temporal lobe. First, this area receives afferents from prestriate cortex which itself processes visual information received from