Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ki-67 labeling index affects tumor infiltration patterns of lung squamous cell carcinoma

Ki-67 is a nuclear protein that is expressed during the G1, S, G2 and M phases of the mitotic cell cycle. A previous study categorized tumor infiltration patterns (INF), of which INFc indicated cancer nests exhibiting infiltrative growth and an unclear boundary between tumor tissue and surrounding healthy tissue. The present study used the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) as an indicator of cell proliferation, in order to examine the factors affecting INF in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). SqCC specimens (89) were classified into two groups: High-grade cell proliferation (Ki-67 LI ≥30%) and low-grade cell proliferation (Ki-67 LI <30%). However, a high Ki-67 LI was significantly associated with cases that had an INFc component [INFc(+); P=0.03]. Univariate analyses indicated that INFc(+) was a predictor of venous invasion [P=0.032; odds ratio (OR), 2.615; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.085–6.305], scirrhous stromal type (P<0.001; OR, 6.462; 95% CI, 2.483–16.817) and high Ki-67 LI (P=0.018; OR, 12.543; 95% CI, 1.531–102.777). Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that high Ki-67 LI was the strongest predictor of INFc(+) (P=0.028; OR, 8.027; 95% CI, 1.248–51.624). In conclusion, high-grade cell proliferation activity may contribute to aggressive infiltrative growth of lung SqCC.
A Practical Elastic Plastic Damage Model for Concrete

In this paper, an elastic plastic damage model is presented based on the combined use of elastic plastic constitutive equations along with continuum damage mechanics. A tensile and a compressive damage variable are adopted to describe the different responses of concrete under tension and compression, respectively. The Helmholtz Free Energy is decomposed into hydrostatic stress component and deviatoric stress components. The hydrostatic stress component is neglected and the deviatoric stress component is amended according to stress state, resulting in a more accurate description of the concrete’s response under multi-axial stress state. Finally, through several numerical simulations it is proved that the proposed model has the capability of simulating typical nonlinear performances of concrete material.
No free lunches: balancing bleeding and efficacy with ticagrelor.

This editorial refers to ‘Bleeding complications with the P2Y12 receptor antagonists clopidogrel and ticagrelor in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial’[†][1], by R.C. Becker et al. , on page 2933 The development of new oral antagonists of the platelet P2Y12 receptor has generated both anticipation and anxiety among practising physicians. In a field in which clopidogrel was the only choice available for the better part of a decade, prasugrel and ticagrelor represent new treatment options in many parts of the world. Weighing efficacy, safety, and cost to determine appropriate use of these three agents will represent a great challenge over the next few years for physicians, as well as individuals and organizations involved in formulary decisions. To make appropriate decisions, both for the individual patient and for the larger healthcare system, in-depth understanding of safety data is absolutely critical. Thus, the comprehensive report from Becker et al . 1 describing bleeding complications in the PLATO trial is particularly timely and important. The primary bleeding definition in PLATO combined non-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and CABG-related events, which differs notably from other contemporary antiplatelet trials that have used non-CABG bleeding as the primary safety endpoint.2,3 While we do not dispute the importance of CABG bleeding, we believe a focus on total bleeding in the PLATO trial may provide a misleading assessment of the safety of ticagrelor relative to clopidogrel. A strong argument can be made that the CABG bleeding definition in PLATO was too soft: any transfusion of ≥ 4 units of red blood cells was defined as a major bleed, regardless of clinical consequences.4 In essence, usual operating room procedures related to transfusion of blood products met the definition of a major bleed. The result was that a huge proportion of … [1]: #fn-2
Can staff attitudes to team working in stroke care be improved?

BACKGROUND Teamwork is regarded as the cornerstone of rehabilitation. It is recognized that the skills of a multiprofessional team are required to provide the care and interventions necessary to maximize the patient's potential to recover from his/her stroke. LITERATURE REVIEW Critical evaluation of team working is lacking in the literature. Indeed, there is no consensus on a precise definition of teamwork or on the best way of implementing it, beyond a general exhortation to members to work to the same therapeutic plan in a cohesive manner. The literature has highlighted many problems in team working, including petty jealousies, ignorance and a perceived loss of autonomy and threat to professional status. AIM To determine if the use of team co-ordinated approaches to stroke care and rehabilitation would improve staff attitudes to team working. METHOD A pre-post design was adopted using 'The Team Climate Inventory' to explore attitudes to team working before and after introducing the interventions. Local Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained. RESULTS Improvements in attitudes towards team working suggest that the introduction of team co-ordinated approaches (integrated care pathways and team notes) did not result in greater team working. LIMITATIONS The introduction of an integrated care pathway and team notes is based on an assumption that they would enhance team working. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the introduction of team co-ordinated approaches (team notes and care pathways) do not improve attitudes to team working, teams appear to take a long time to establish cohesion and develop shared values.
Brassinosteroid Enhances Cold Stress Tolerance of Washington Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) Fruit by Regulating Antioxidant Enzymes During Storage

Summary Th e eff ect of brassinosteroid (BR) on chilling injury of Washington Navel orange (Citrus sinensis L.) fruit was investigated. BR at the concentrations of 0.75 and 1.5 ppm eff ectively reduced chilling injury of Washington Navel orange fruit during fi ve months storage at 3°C, and BR at 1.5 ppm showed the best eff ect. BR treatment also reduced the lipid peroxidaion and peroxide hydrogen content of peel and pulp during storage. Results of physiological response in orange fruit showed that BR induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase and peroxidase. Th ese results indicate that the elicitation of an antioxidant response in orange fruit by BR may be associated with chilling injury alleviation. Moreover, BR maintained the orange quality by decrease of lipid peroxidation and peroxide hydrogen content. Th e present study is the fi rst evidence that BR enhances orange fruit tolerance to cold stress and therefore fruit quality.
Evaluation and assessment of bonding of heat cure acrylic resin to cobalt-chromium alloy: Old ideas employing newer concepts

Literature has evidenced marvelous work on increasing bond strength between acrylic resin and partial denture casting alloys in past by various pioneer workers. Several systems have been employed to increase the bond strength between acrylic resin and partial denture casting alloys. Some of the popular methods were silicate layer silane coupling agents, active acrylate monomers: Polyfluormetacrylate bonding agents, tin oxide layer, and bifunctional monomer (dual function group). With the exception of air abrasion, most techniques are associated with expensive equipment, technique sensitivity, and harmful chemicals. Air abrasion, however, consistently has been associated with improved bond strengths. Traditionally, denture base acrylic resin is attached to the metal framework by three types of retentive aids: Mechanical, chemical, or combination of both. Advantage of retentive elements weakens the acrylic resin base by creating stress and by replacing its bulk on which resin depends for strength. Failure of the resin at the interface is a common source of problems when forces exceed the capacity of the retentive mechanisms. Here, authors have sought to review the bonding strength between acrylic resin and partial denture casting alloys along with their clinical applicability that can best retain the said prosthesis with minimal failure.
Ovarian hyperstimulation.

particularly when an analysis of simple clinical factors reliably predicts the recurrence of seizures. The Royal College of Physicians' study showed that younger age, a family history of epilepsy or of febrile convulsions, and a seizure occurring between midnight and 8 59 am were factors associated with recurrence. If all three factors were present the recurrence rate at one year was 56% (95% confidence interval 42% to 70%); if two factors were present it was 43% (35% to 5 1%); if one factor was present 30% (25% to 36%); and ifno factors were present 18% (7% to 28%). The study by Dr van Donselaar and colleagues also showed that younger age and seizures occurring at night or on waking were associated with recurrence. If these simple clinical questions can determine so well the probability of recurrence why bother with electroencephalography? The sensitivity of the first electroencephalogram in detecting epileptic discharges in patients after a first seizure in the study by Dr van Donselaar and colleagues was 16/151 (11%), and even if the recording was repeated after partial sleep deprivation (combined electroencephalograms) the number rose to only 35/151 (23%)-this with an interobserver agreement about epileptic discharges of only x=05. The authors were at pains to exclude all cases that were of doubtful idiopathic seizures. This low sensitivity (detection rate) of epileptic discharges in those who have had undoubted seizures should remind physicians that electroencephalography cannot be used to "diagnose" a doubtful event. The authors quote the specificity of combined electroencephalograms as being 91%-that is, a false positive rate of 9%. It is not clear what they mean by this as all patients in their study had truly had a first seizure. Neurologists traditionally interpret written electroencephalography reports in the light of the clinical history. Perhaps we should be more hard nosed. Clinical neurophysiologists would do us all a favour if they were more explicit about the sensitivity, specificity, and odds of being affected given a positive result5 for a variety of clinical disorders. Prior etalevaluated the use ofsphenoidal electrodes in this way in 1975.6 Clinical neurophysiologists should surely build on this.
Analysis of Smad nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in living cells

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling leads to phosphorylation and activation of receptor-regulated Smad2 and Smad3, which form complexes with Smad4 and accumulate in the nucleus. The Smads, however, do not seem to reside statically in the cytoplasm in the absence of signalling or in the nucleus upon TGF-β stimulation, but have been suggested to shuttle continuously between these cellular compartments in both the absence and presence of TGF-β. Here we investigate this nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in detail in living cells using fusions of Smad2 and Smad4 with enhanced GFP. We first establish that the GFPSmad fusions behave like wild-type Smads in a variety of cellular assays. We go on to demonstrate directly, using photobleaching experiments, that Smad2 and Smad4 shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus in both TGF-β-induced cells and in uninduced cells. In uninduced cells, GFPSmad2 is less mobile in the cytoplasm than is GFPSmad4, suggesting that it may be tethered there. In addition, we show that both GFPSmad2 and GFPSmad4 undergo a substantial decrease in mobility in the nucleus upon TGF-β stimulation, suggesting that active complexes of Smads are tethered in the nucleus, whereas unactivated Smads are more freely diffusible. We propose that regulated cytoplasmic and nuclear retention may play a role in determining the distribution of Smads between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in both uninduced cells and upon TGF-β induction.
Exploiting Deep Matching and SAR Data for the Geo-Localization Accuracy Improvement of Optical Satellite Images

Improving the geo-localization of optical satellite images is an important pre-processing step for many remote sensing tasks like monitoring by image time series or scene analysis after sudden events. These tasks require geo-referenced and precisely co-registered multi-sensor data. Images captured by the high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite TerraSAR-X exhibit an absolute geo-location accuracy within a few decimeters. These images represent therefore a reliable source to improve the geo-location accuracy of optical images, which is in the order of tens of meters. In this paper, a deep learning-based approach for the geo-localization accuracy improvement of optical satellite images through SAR reference data is investigated. Image registration between SAR and optical images requires few, but accurate and reliable matching points. These are derived from a Siamese neural network. The network is trained using TerraSAR-X and PRISM image pairs covering greater urban areas spread over Europe, in order to learn the two-dimensional spatial shifts between optical and SAR image patches. Results confirm that accurate and reliable matching points can be generated with higher matching accuracy and precision with respect to state-of-the-art approaches.
Predictors of resuscitation in a swine model of ischemic and nonischemic ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest: Superiority of amplitude spectral area and slope to predict a return of spontaneous circulation when resuscitation efforts are prolonged*

Objective:We have demonstrated that a return of spontaneous circulation in the first 3 mins of resuscitation in swine is predicted by ventricular fibrillation waveform (amplitude spectral area or slope) when untreated ventricular fibrillation duration or presence of acute myocardial infarction is unknown. We hypothesized that in prolonged resuscitation efforts that return of spontaneous circulation immediately after a second or later shock with postshock chest compression is independently predicted by end-tidal CO2, coronary perfusion pressure, and ventricular fibrillation waveform measured before that shock in a swine model of ischemic and nonischemic ventricular fibrillation arrest. Design:Animal intervention study with comparison to a control group. Setting:University animal laboratory. Subjects:Twenty swine. Interventions:Myocardial infarction was induced by steel plug occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Ventricular fibrillation was untreated for 8 mins in normal swine (n = 10) and acute myocardial infarction swine (n = 10). Measurements and Main Results:End-tidal CO2, coronary perfusion pressure, and ventricular fibrillation waveform characteristics of amplitude spectral area and slope were analyzed before second or later shocks. For an amplitude spectral area >35 mV-Hz, the odds ratio for achieving return of spontaneous circulation after that shock was 72 (95% confidence interval, 3.8–1300; p = .004) compared with an amplitude spectral area <28 mV-Hz and with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.86. For slope >3.6 mV/s, the odds ratio for achieving return of spontaneous circulation was 36 (95% confidence interval, 2.7–480; p = .007) compared with slope <2.72 mV/s with an area under the curve of 0.86. End-tidal CO2 and coronary perfusion pressure were not predictive of return of spontaneous circulation after a shock, although coronary perfusion pressure was significantly related to both amplitude spectral area (p < .001) and slope (p < .001). Conclusions:In prolonged untreated ventricular fibrillation arrest, the waveform characteristics of amplitude spectral area and slope predict the attainment of return of spontaneous circulation with a second or later shock. This has implications for the ideal means to customize the timing of shocks and chest compressions when return of spontaneous circulation is not promptly obtained.
Performance analysis of a deterministic channel estimator for block transmission systems with null guard intervals

A deterministic algorithm was proposed for channel identification in block communication systems. The method assumed that the channel has a finite impulse response (FIR) and that null guard intervals of length greater than the channel order are inserted between successive blocks to prevent interblock interference and allow block synchronization. In the absence of noise, the algorithm provides error-free channel estimates, using a finite number of received data, without requiring training sequences and without imposing a restriction neither on the channel, except for finite order and time invariance, nor on the symbol constellation. Using small perturbation analysis, we derive approximate expressions of the estimated channel covariance matrix, which are used to quantify the resilience of the estimation algorithm to additive noise and channel fluctuations. Specifically, we consider channel fluctuations induced by transmitter/receiver relative motion, asynchronism, and oscillators' phase noise. We also compare the channel estimation accuracy with the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) and prove that our estimation method is statistically efficient at practical SNR values for any data block length. Finally, we validate our theoretical analysis with simulations and compare our transmission scheme with an alternative system using training sequences for channel estimation.
Statistical Analysis of KASUMI Block Cipher Darshan Gandhi

A block cipher or a message authentication code(MAC ) should behave as random mapping which can be evaluated during statistical tests. Statistical test suites typically used for evaluation of random mapping are NIST, Diehard, Dieharder and TestU01 which are not well-suited for block ciphers and MAC s. These test suites employ frequentist approach;thus, making it difficult to overall evaluate the randomness of mapping. This paper describes the strong avalanche test, which overcomes the above mentioned deficiencies. The strong avalanche test is well suited for block ciphers and MAC s and uses the Bayesian approach which yields the overall evaluation of the mapping’s randomness. Results of applying the strong avalanche test to KASUMI block cipher along with other statistical tests, which uses the same Bayesian approach, are reported and the results are analyzed to determine the randomness margin of the test.
Bioadhesive Properties of Gantrez Nanoparticles

Bioadhesive nanoparticles have been proposed as carriers for the oral delivery of poorly available drugs and facilitate the use of this route. This work summarises some experiments describing the bioadhesive potential of Gantrez nanoparticles fluorescently labeled with rhodamine B isothiocyanate. The adhesive potential of Gantrez was found to be stronger when folded as nanoparticles than in the solubilised form. Conventional nanoparticles displayed a tropism for the upper areas of the gastrointestinal tract, with a maximum of adhesion 30 min post-administration and a decrease in the adhered fraction along the time depending on the given dose. The cross-linkage of nanoparticles with increasing amounts of 1,3-diaminopropane stabilised the resulting carriers and prolonged their half-life in an aqueous environment; although, the adhesive capacity of nanoparticles, the intensity and the relative duration of the adhesive interactions within the gut as a function of the cross-linking degree. Finally, nanoparticles were coated with either gelatin or albumin. In the first case, the presence of gelatin dramatically decreased the initial capacity of these carriers to interact with the gut mucosa and the intensity of these phenomenons. In the latter, bovine serum albumin coated nanoparticles (BSA-NP) showed an important tropism for the stomach mucosa without further significant distribution to other parts of the gut mucosa.
Hardness amplification proofs require majority

Hardness amplification is the fundamental task of converting a δ-hard function f : (0, 1)n -> (0, 1) into a (1/2-ε)-hard function Amp(f), where f is γ-hard if small circuits fail to compute f on at least a γ fraction of the inputs. Typically, ε,δ are small (and δ=2-k captures the case where f is worst-case hard). Achieving ε = 1/nΩ(1) is a prerequisite for cryptography and most pseudorandom-generator constructions. In this paper we study the complexity of black-box proofs of hardness amplification. A class of circuits cal D proves a hardness amplification result if for any function h that agrees with Amp(f) on a 1/2+e fraction of the inputs there exists an oracle circuit D ∈ D such that Dh agrees with f on a 1-δ fraction of the inputs. We focus on the case where every D ∈ D makes non-adaptive queries to h. This setting captures most hardness amplification techniques. We prove two main results: The circuits in D "can be used" to compute the majority function on 1e bits. In particular, these circuits have large depth when ε ≤ 1/ poly log n. The circuits in D must make Ω log(1/δ)/e2 oracle queries. Both our bounds on the depth and on the number of queries are tight up to constant factors. Our results explain why hardness amplification techniques have failed to transform known lower bounds against constant-depth circuit classes into strong average-case lower bounds. When coupled with the celebrated "Natural Proofs" result by Razborov and Rudich (J. CSS '97) and the pseudorandom functions by Naor and Reingold (J. ACM '04), our results show that standard techniques for hardness amplification can only be applied to those circuit classes for which standard techniques cannot prove circuit lower bounds. Our results reveal a contrast between Yao's XOR Lemma (Amp(f) := f(x1) ⊕ . ⊕ f(xt) ∈ zo) and the Direct-Product Lemma (Amp(f) := f(x1) O . O f(xt) ∈ zot; here Amp(f) is non-Boolean). Our results (1) and (2) apply to Yao's XOR lemma, whereas known proofs of the direct-product lemma violate both (1) and (2). One of our contributions is a new technique to handle "non-uniform" reductions, i.e. the case when D contains many circuits.
Uridine Prevents Fenofibrate-Induced Fatty Liver

Uridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside, can modulate liver lipid metabolism although its specific acting targets have not been identified. Using mice with fenofibrate-induced fatty liver as a model system, the effects of uridine on liver lipid metabolism are examined. At a daily dosage of 400 mg/kg, fenofibrate treatment causes reduction of liver NAD+/NADH ratio, induces hyper-acetylation of peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (ECHD) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and induces excessive accumulation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) and very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA). Uridine co-administration at a daily dosage of 400 mg/kg raises NAD+/NADH ratio, inhibits fenofibrate-induced hyper-acetylation of ECHD, ACOX1, and reduces accumulation of LCFA and VLCFA. Our data indicates a therapeutic potential for uridine co-administration to prevent fenofibrate-induced fatty liver.