Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Bayesian classification-based approaches for Android malware detection

Mobile malware has been growing in scale and complexity spurred by the unabated uptake of smartphones worldwide. Android is fast becoming the most popular mobile platform resulting in sharp increase in malware targeting the platform. Additionally, Android malware is evolving rapidly to evade detection by traditional signature-based scanning. Despite current detection measures in place, timely discovery of new malware is still a critical issue. This calls for novel approaches to mitigate the growing threat of zero-day Android malware. Hence, the authors develop and analyse proactive machine-learning approaches based on Bayesian classification aimed at uncovering unknown Android malware via static analysis. The study, which is based on a large malware sample set of majority of the existing families, demonstrates detection capabilities with high accuracy. Empirical results and comparative analysis are presented offering useful insight towards development of effective static-analytic Bayesian classification-based solutions for detecting unknown Android malware.
Children's Intent Participation in a Pediatric Community of Practice

This study analyzes informal learning, drawing on video recordings of staff-child interaction in a pediatric unit. It is shown that even very young patients engage in intent community participation, carefully noting fine variations in examination and treatment practices. They orient to everyday routines in successively more complex ways, gradually acquiring novel repertoires of practices; advancing from nonverbal uptake to an active use of medical terminology, and to actively assisting staff members. Ultimately, the children themselves assume almost full responsibility for routine procedures. The unit had adopted partnership-oriented routines, and the doctors and nurses spent much time in securing the children's consent and participation in their own treatment. In contrast to much earlier work in pediatric settings which has shown children to be marginal participants; even the youngest patients were engaged, and they successively acquired a set of novel practices related to treatment procedures. Together with doctors and nurses, the children could be seen to form a community of practice. But community is not something fixed; instead it is seen as an emergent phenomenon, dependent on staff members' and children's mutual alignments and collaborative action. Learning is thus analyzed as a social and relational phenomenon.
Writing on dirty paper

A channel with output Y = X + S + Z is examined, The state S \sim N(0, QI) and the noise Z \sim N(0, NI) are multivariate Gaussian random variables ( I is the identity matrix.). The input X \in R^{n} satisfies the power constraint (l/n) \sum_{i=1}^{n}X_{i}^{2} \leq P . If S is unknown to both transmitter and receiver then the capacity is \frac{1}{2} \ln (1 + P/( N + Q)) nats per channel use. However, if the state S is known to the encoder, the capacity is shown to be C^{\ast} =\frac{1}{2} \ln (1 + P/N) , independent of Q . This is also the capacity of a standard Gaussian channel with signal-to-noise power ratio P/N . Therefore, the state S does not affect the capacity of the channel, even though S is unknown to the receiver. It is shown that the optimal transmitter adapts its signal to the state S rather than attempting to cancel it.
What basic–applied issue?

Human Factors (HF) is the scientific discipline concerned with the interactions among humans and built systems. HF psychologists are often involved in a supposed tug-of-war between the basic and applied scientific research communities. We suggest, however, that there really is no meaningful distinction between basic and applied science. We provide historical examples, medieval, modern and contemporary, demonstrating that a fundamental impetus of all psychological research has always been application. HF psychology is not unique in this respect. We suspect that the basic–applied distinction may have been fostered by funding agencies and universities, whether intentionally or not, to suppress scientists’ wages and scientists’ claims of intellectual property ownership. The basic–applied distinction should be understood from within the historical context of industry and government benefitting from the existence of a scientific commons.
Covalent structure and some pharmacological features of native and cleaved α‐KTx12−1, a four disulfide‐bridged toxin from Tityus serrulatus venom

A toxin with four disulfide bridges from Tityus serrulatus venom was able to compete with 125I‐kaliotoxin on rat brain synaptosomal preparations, with an IC50 of 46 nM. The obtained amino acid sequence and molecular mass are identical to the previously described butantoxin. Enzymatic cleavages in the native peptide followed by mass spectrometry peptide mapping analysis were used to determine the disulfide bridge pattern of α‐KTx12−1. Also, after the cleavage of the first six N‐terminal residues, including the unusual disulfide bridge which forms an N‐terminus ring, the potency of the cleaved peptide was found to decrease about 100 fold compared with the native protein. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of Consideration of Labiaplasty

Our study investigated predictors of consideration of labiaplasty (the surgical reduction of the labia) using a sociocultural framework. A sample of 351 heterosexual adult Australian women aged 18–69 years completed measures of media exposure, peer influence, relationship quality, internalisation of the genital ideal, genital appearance comparison, genital appearance dissatisfaction, and consideration of labiaplasty. Almost all predictor variables were significantly correlated with consideration of labiaplasty. A structural equation model based on the Tripartite Influence Model focused on beauty ideals showed a good level of fit to the data: The effects of media exposure and peer influence on genital appearance dissatisfaction and consideration of labiaplasty were mediated by internalisation of the genital ideal and genital appearance comparison. We concluded that media exposure, peer influence, and relationship quality influenced consideration of labiaplasty both directly and indirectly. The results contribute to a greater understanding of the sociocultural motivations behind labiaplasty and also demonstrate an important extension of the Tripartite Influence Model beyond the explanation of disordered eating behaviours to the consideration of a specific form of cosmetic surgery. The development of media literacy programmes may be beneficial in addressing genital appearance concerns in young girls.
Response Sets in the Measurement of Values: A Comparison of Rating and Ranking Procedures

The concept of values plays a central role in the social sciences. Nonetheless, there is no agreement in empirical social research about how to properly measure human value orientations. There is an ongoing controversy between proponents of ranking procedures on the one hand and proponents of rating procedures on the other hand (see Hicks, ; Rokeach, ; Rankin & Grube, ; Reynolds & Jolly, ; van Deth, ; Alwin & Krosnick, ; Krosnick & Alwin, ; Bean & Papadikis, a, b; Burklin, Klein & Rus , ; Hellevik, ; Inglehart, ; Russell & Gray, ; Klein, ; Inglehart & Klingemann, ). Setting aside the substantive arguments in favor of one of these two different methods, there is one central methodological argument in favor of the ranking procedure, which is advocated most prominently by Ronald Inglehart (see for example Inglehart & Klingemann, ). To put this argument in a nutshell: the empirical findings obtained by means of rating procedures are seriously flawed. If respondents were not forced to discriminate between the different values they would consider each value as highly and equally important in order to evade a difficult choice. In the extreme, the ratings given by the respondents would not display any variance at all. Only if respondents are forced by the question format to set priorities with respect to their values, they will seriously reflect on their judgments. Therefore, rating procedures would not provide valid measures of human value orientations while ranking procedures will. This argument is widely accepted in the literature. Surprisingly, to our knowledge, there has not yet been one single serious attempt to test its implications empirically. Our aim is to close this gap with this research note. We will put an argument to an empirical test which directly contradicts Inglehart’s considerations. Our argument runs as follows: a rank ordering of values is no less susceptible to response sets than a rating approach. Respondents who rate each value as highly important cannot be forced to give reasoned answers simply by confronting them with a ranking task (see Klein & Arzheimer, ).
Fast and efficient face recognition system using random forest and histograms of oriented gradients

The efficient face recognition systems are those which are able to achieve higher recognition rate with lower computational cost. To develop such systems both feature representation and classification method should be accurate and less time consuming. Aiming to satisfy these criteria we coupled the HOG descriptor (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) with the Random Forest classifier (RF). Although rarely used in face recognition, HOG have proven to be a power descriptor in this task with a lower computational time. As regards classification method, recent works have shown that apart from their accuracy when compared with its competitors, Random Forest exhibits a low computational time in both training and testing phase. Experimental results on ORL database have demonstrated the efficiency of this combination.
The Paradox of Ambiguous Information in Collaborative and Competitive Settings

This research explored people’s willingness to share ambiguous and nonambiguous information in collaborative and competitive organizational settings. Using a resource-based perspective, we hypothesized (a) people will be more likely to share ambiguous information with their collaborators and nonambiguous information with their competitors and (b) their willingness to share ambiguous information with their collaborators will be moderated by task familiarity so that they will share more ambiguous information as their familiarity with the task increases. The results of five experiments supported these hypotheses. Paradoxically, participants tended to judge ambiguous information as less important than nonambiguous information despite preferring to share ambiguous information with their collaborators. Finally, a correspondence emerged between the task context and participants’ preference for sharing information: For concrete tasks, participants preferred to share nonambiguous information with their collaborators but for ambiguous tasks, participants preferred to share ambiguous information with their collaborators. Theoretical and practical organizational implications are discussed.
Reduced Reelin Expression Accelerates Amyloid-β Plaque Formation and Tau Pathology in Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice

In addition to the fundamental role of the extracellular glycoprotein Reelin in neuronal development and adult synaptic plasticity, alterations in Reelin-mediated signaling have been suggested to contribute to neuronal dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro data revealed a biochemical link between Reelin-mediated signaling, Tau phosphorylation, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. To directly address the role of Reelin in amyloid-β plaque and Tau pathology in vivo, we crossed heterozygous Reelin knock-out mice (reeler) with transgenic AD mice to investigate the temporal and spatial AD-like neuropathology. We demonstrate that a reduction in Reelin expression results in enhanced amyloidogenic APP processing, as indicated by the precocious production of amyloid-β peptides, the significant increase in number and size of amyloid-β plaques, as well as age-related aggravation of plaque pathology in double mutant compared with single AD mutant mice of both sexes. Numerous amyloid-β plaques accumulate in the hippocampal formation and neocortex of double mutants, precisely in layers with strongest Reelin expression and highest accumulation of Reelin plaques in aged wild-type mice. Moreover, concentric accumulations of phosphorylated Tau-positive neurons around amyloid-β plaques were evident in 15-month-old double versus single mutant mice. Silver stainings indicated the presence of neurofibrillary tangles, selectively associated with amyloid-β plaques and dystrophic neurites in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Our findings suggest that age-related Reelin aggregation and concomitant reduction in Reelin-mediated signaling play a proximal role in synaptic dysfunction associated with amyloid-β deposition, sufficient to enhance Tau phosphorylation and tangle formation in the hippocampal formation in aged Reelin-deficient transgenic AD mice.
Non‐institutional influences and student perceptions of success

Student success, variously understood as engagement, persistence, completion, graduation and entry to employment, has become a central focus for stakeholders in higher education. Theoretical and empirical research exploring these varied conceptions has mushroomed since the 1980s. Much of this literature focuses on what and how higher education institutions contribute to student success; a substantial amount also reports on the part students play in their own success. Less frequently studies investigate how non‐institutional influences affect student success. This article addresses this gap. It uses data from a survey of first‐time enrolled students in New Zealand higher education to investigate the importance of family, cultural, employment and personal influences on student perceptions of success. Findings show that non‐institutional influences exert a moderate effect on student success, and that they are influences which need to be considered by institutions interested in fostering student success.
Between war and Peace: Interactional Patterns of Couples Under Prolonged Uncertainty

Abstract As part of a larger prospective study of Israeli and Palestinian families during the peace process, qualitative analysis of data from a subsample of 30 couples was conducted. Couples were classified by frequency of communication about the situation, topics most often discussed, degree of consensus on major issues, emotional role differentiation, and changes in relationship. Based on these classifications, couples were mapped on a multidimensional grid. The plot revealed a variety of interactional patterns in couples under prolonged environmental stress. Couples who reported a deterioration of their relationship had more disagreements regarding the meaning of the peace process and its consequences for the family, and were more concerned with economic issues or the situational ambiguity. Partners with a stronger ideological orientation tended to agree more often and to report an increase in cohesiveness. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed in terms of the constructivist view o.
PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING – STUDIES ON DIFFERENT ANTIEMETICS , THEIR COMBINATIONS AND DOSING REGIMENS

9 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS . 11 ABBREVIATIONS . 12 INTRODUCTION . 13 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 15 INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING . 15 PHYSIOLOGY OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING . 15 RISK FACTORS FOR POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING . 19 Predictive scores for postoperative nausea and vomiting . 19 Anaesthesia-related factors . 22 Premedication . 22 Intravenous anaesthetics . 22 Anaesthetic gases . 23 Intraoperative opioids . 25 Reversal of muscle relaxation . 25 Postoperative pain and analgesics . 25 Operation-related factors . 26 PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING . 26 Anticholinergics . 26 Dopamine receptor antagonists . 27 Phenothiazines . 27 Butyrophenones . 27 Benzamides . 28 Antihistamines . 29 Serotonin receptor antagonists . 29 Ondansetron . 29 Granisetron . 30 Dolasetron . 31 Tropisetron . 31 Glucocorticoids . 31 Combinations of antiemetics . 32 Double combinations . 33 Multimodal techniques . 33
Rafflesia consueloae (Rafflesiaceae), the smallest among giants; a new species from Luzon Island, Philippines

Abstract A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from Luzon Island, Philippines, Rafflesia consueloae Galindon, Ong & Fernando, is described and illustrated. It is distinct from all other species of Rafflesia in its small-sized flowers, the upright perigone lobes, and prominently cream-white disk surface that is often devoid of processes. Its small-sized flowers, with an average diameter of 9.73 cm when fully expanded, make it the smallest of the largest flowers in the world.
Deflazacort modulates the fibrinolytic pattern and reduces uPA-dependent chemioinvasion and proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes.

OBJECTIVE Extracellular fibrinolysis, controlled by the cell-associated fibrinolytic system (urokinase plasminogen activator, uPA; uPA receptor, uPAR; plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, PAI-1), is involved in cartilage damage generation and in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovitis. Since steroids reduce the rate of radiological progression of RA, we planned to evaluate in healthy and RA synoviocytes the effects of the steroid deflazacort on uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 expression, and subsequent phenotypic modifications in terms of uPA/uPAR-dependent invasion and proliferation. METHODS uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 levels were studied by ELISA, RT-PCR (uPAR) and zymography (uPA) in synoviocytes from four RA patients and four healthy controls. Chemoinvasion was assessed by the Boyden chamber invasion assay, using Matrigel as the invasion substrate. Proliferation was evaluated by cell counting. Both invasion and proliferation were measured upon treatment with deflazacort 5 muM with or without parallel stimulation with uPA 500 ng/ml or in the presence of monoclonal anti-uPA and anti-uPAR antibodies. RESULTS Invasion and proliferation of RA synoviocytes require a proper functional balance of the fibrinolytic system. Both deflazacort and monoclonal antibodies against uPA and uPAR reduced expression and activity of the system, thus inhibiting invasion and proliferation. In RA synoviocytes, deflazacort induced higher PAI-1 and lower uPA and uPAR levels, as well as a decrease in uPA enzymatic activity. The levels of uPAR mRNA were concomitantly reduced, as was uPA-induced chemoinvasion. All these effects were also shown in controls, though to a lesser extent. CONCLUSIONS Deflazacort might control RA synovial proliferation and invasion by differential modulation of single members of the fibrinolytic system.
Parental Bereavement: Levels of Grief as Affected By Gender Issues

This study examined differences between men's and women's levels of grief associated with the death of a child. Nineteen bereaved individuals were contacted through a local parental bereavement group. Gender and other variable data were gathered on a demographic data form. To measure levels of grief, the Grief Experience Inventory (GEI) was employed. Analyses of the results were performed using, t-tests, and eta-squared calculations. An alpha level of . 05 was used for all parametric tests. Results supported only one hypothesis, that women experience higher levels of grief then men. The hypotheses that women who lost daughters would experience higher levels of grief then women who lost sons, and that men who lost sons would experience higher levels of grief then women who lost sons were not supported. The hypotheses that men who lost sons would experience higher levels of grief than men who lost daughters, and that women who lost daughters would experience higher levels of grief then men who lost daughters were also not supported.
Inefficient Agreements : The Role of Second-Order Optimism

This paper provides a novel understanding of delays in reaching agreements: second-order optimism. Under second-order optimism, it is “common knowledge” that there will be delays in reaching agreement. Nonetheless, negotiators do not put forward offers that both parties objectively prefer, because they fear that, by doing so, the other party will become more optimistic about her future prospects. The paper shows that rational, strategically sophisticated bargainers may well face such second-order optimism and that this can give rise to inefficient delays in reaching agreements. Moreover, delay must be an artifact of second-order optimism. The paper goes on to characterize the behavioral implications of delayed agreements that arise from second-order optimism. The results provides a rationale for why directive forms of mediation may be effective.
The dynamical state of the Coma cluster with XMM-Newton ?

We present in this paper a substructure and spectroimaging study of the Coma cluster of galaxies based on XMM- Newton data. XMM-Newton performed a mosaic of observations of Coma to ensure a large coverage of the cluster. We add the dierent pointings together and fit elliptical beta-models to the data. We subtract the cluster models from the data and look for residuals, which can be interpreted as substructure. We find several significant structures: the well-known subgroup connected to NGC 4839 in the South-West of the cluster, and another substructure located between NGC 4839 and the centre of the Coma cluster. Constructing a hardness ratio image, which can be used as a temperature map, we see that in front of this new structure the temperature is significantly increased (higher or equal 10 keV). We interpret this temperature enhancement as the result of heating as this structure falls onto the Coma cluster. We furthermore reconfirm the filament-like structure South-East of the cluster centre. This region is significantly cooler than the mean cluster temperature. We estimate the temperature of this structure to be equal or below 1 keV. A possible scenario to explain the observed features is stripping caused by the infall of a small group of galaxies located around the two galaxies NGC 4921 and NGC 4911 into the Coma cluster with a non-zero impact parameter. We also see significant X-ray depressions North and South-East of NGC 4921, which might either be linked to tidal forces due to the merger with the Western structure or connected to an older cluster merger.