Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Molecular Biologic Study of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV‐Infected Patients in Lima, Peru

ABSTRACT. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to examine the genotype distribution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV‐infected patients who visited two government hospitals in Lima, Peru from January 2000 through March 2003. Microsporidia were detected by microscopy in 105 (3.9%) of 2,672 patients. A total of 212 stool samples from 89 microsporidia‐positive patients were genotyped by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. A 392‐bp fragment containing the complete ITS region was amplified and sequenced. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis of these ITS sequences identified 11 distinct genotypes of E. bieneusi (Peru‐1 to Peru‐11), 6 of which were new genotypes not reported before. The remaining 5 genotypes had nucleotide sequences identical to those previously reported in humans, cats, pigs, and wild mammals. All the 11 E. bieneusi‐genotypes identified are genetically related, and members of the group have been previously found in humans, domestic animals, and some wild mammals. Thus, there is a high genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in humans in Peru, and zoonotie transmission is possible if humans are in close contact with infected animals.
NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region : a numerical study

The variability of net sea ice production and sea ice exchange between the Arctic and its adjacent seas are studied, using a coupled sea ice-ocean general circulation model. The wind driven divergence (or ice flux export) is the major factor controlling the net sea ice production in the Arctic region since a thinning ice cover suppresses the development of thermal insulation during the ice formation process. Atmospheric circulation changes related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) can significantly modify the sea ice export and net production, especially in thin ice zones such as the Eurasian coastal region.
Narrative representations of caregivers and self in maltreated pre-schoolers

This study examined narrative representations of parents and of self, as well as child behavior during the assessment, in maltreated (N = 56) and demographically comparable non-maltreated (N = 37) pre-school-aged children in a one-year longitudinal study. Maltreated children evidenced more negative representations of parents and of self at Time 2, including the juxtaposition of both a negative and a grandiose self. Over time there was a marginal interaction such that maltreated children portrayed fewer disciplining parent representations and nonmaltreated children portrayed more. Also over time, maltreated children portrayed marginally more grandiose self-representations and nonmaltreated children fewer. Furthermore, maltreated children demonstrated less responsivity to the examiner over time and nonmaltreated children demonstrated more. The deleterious effects of maltreatment on representations of self and of others, especially as development proceeds, are discussed, and the importance of providing attachment-informed intervention prior to the consolidation of these negative representations is highlighted.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease in 55‐ and 35‐year‐old men and women in Sweden and Estonia

Abstract. Johansson J, Viigimaa M, Jensen‐Urstad M, Krakau I I, Hansson L‐O (Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia). Risk factors for coronary heart disease in 55‐ and 35‐year‐old men and women in Sweden and Estonia. J Intern Med 2002; 252:551–560.
What are the ideas and motivations of bureaucrats within a religiously contested society?

This article reports research on bureaucrat behaviour. Where discretion exists, do primary associations such as religious, gender or racial identity guide behaviour or are these associations superseded by secondary learned professional or technocratic attachments? Using the theoretical lens of representative bureaucracy and Q methodology to investigate bureaucrat role perceptions, two distinct bureaucrat typologies are identified in Belfast. The evidence demonstrates that an elite-level bureaucrat may actively represent his or her own professional interests or, alternatively, may seek out and actively represent the interests of the political elite as a collective. The findings have implications for representative bureaucracy research as it is demonstrated that an elite-level bureaucrat may actively represent something other than a primary identity. This contribution also provides a useful insight into everyday life within a bureau of a successful power-sharing system of governance. Points for practitioners Politicians and bureaucrats from Northern Ireland are perpetually being invited to ‘teach the lessons’ of their power-sharing experience. This article highlights the importance of the elite-level bureaucrat in sustaining power-sharing regimes and provides an empirical basis for those seeking to draw on the Northern Ireland experience of conflict management and post-conflict governance.
NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Overweight Adolescents: An Elucidation of the Effects of Inter-/Intraindividual Differences, Gender, and Pubertal Development

The plasma and urine metabolome of 192 overweight 12–15-year-old adolescents (BMI of 25.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2) were examined in order to elucidate gender, pubertal development measured as Tanner stage, physical activity measured as number of steps taken daily, and intra-/interindividual differences affecting the metabolome detected by proton NMR spectroscopy. Higher urinary excretion of citrate, creatinine, hippurate, and phenylacetylglutamine and higher plasma level of phosphatidylcholine and unsaturated lipid were found for girls compared with boys. The results suggest that gender differences in the metabolome are being commenced already in childhood. The relationship between Tanner stage and the metabolome showed that pubertal development stage was positively related to urinary creatinine excretion and negatively related to urinary citrate content. No relations between physical activity and the metabolome could be identified. The present study for the first time provides comprehensive information about associations between the metabolome and gender, pubertal development, and physical activity in overweight adolescents, which is an important subject group to approach in the prevention of obesity and life-style related diseases. While this study is preliminary, these results may have the potential to translate into clinical applicability upon further investigations; if biomarkers for Tanner stage can be established, these might be used for identification of individuals susceptible to an early pubertal development.
Influence of active reminders on oral hygiene compliance in orthodontic patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine if text message reminders regarding oral hygiene compliance have an influence on the level of compliance within an orthodontic population. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, 42 orthodontic patients were assigned to a text message or control group. Parents of patients assigned to the text message group received a reminder text message one weekday each week. Oral hygiene compliance was measured using bleeding index (BI), modified gingival index (MGI), and plaque index (PI), and visual examination of white spot lesion (WSL) development at baseline (T0), two appointments after baseline (T1), and four appointments after baseline (T2). RESULTS BI, MGI, and PI scores were significantly lower in the text message group than in the control group at T2. CONCLUSION A text message reminder system is effective for improving oral hygiene compliance in orthodontic patients.
Developing an energy landscape for the novel function of a (β/α)8 barrel: Ammonia conduction through HisF

HisH–hisF is a multidomain globular protein complex; hisH is a class I glutamine amidotransferase that hydrolyzes glutamine to form ammonia, and hisF is a (β/α)8 barrel cyclase that completes the ring formation of imidizole glycerol phosphate synthase. Together, hisH and hisF form a glutamine amidotransferase that carries out the fifth step of the histidine biosynthetic pathway. Recently, it has been suggested that the (β/α)8 barrel participates in a novel function: to channel ammonia from the active site of hisH to the active site of hisF. The present study presents a series of molecular dynamic simulations that investigate the channeling function of hisF. This article reconstructs potentials of mean force for the conduction of ammonia through the channel, and the entrance of ammonia through the strictly conserved channel gate, in both a closed and a hypothetical open conformation. The resulting energy landscape within the channel supports the idea that ammonia does indeed pass through the barrel, interacting with conserved hydrophilic residues along the way. The proposed open conformation, which involves an alternate rotamer state of one of the gate residues, presents only an ≈2.5-kcal energy barrier to ammonia entry. Another alternate open-gate conformation, which may play a role in non-nitrogen-fixing organisms, is deduced through bioinformatics.
Disorders of the Schizophrenic Syndrome

In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the disorders of the schizophrenic syndrome book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books. Mostly, it will relate to their necessity to get knowledge from the book and want to read just to get entertainment. Novels, story book, and other entertaining books become so popular this day. Besides, the scientific books will also be the best reason to choose, especially for the students, teachers, doctors, businessman, and other professions who are fond of reading.
Tracking the temporal dynamics of cultural perceptual diversity in visual information processing

Human perception and cognition processing are not universal. Culture and experience markedly modulate visual information sampling in humans. Cross-cultural studies comparing between Western Caucasians (WCs) and East Asians (EAs) have shown cultural differences in behaviour and neural activities in regarding to perception and cognition. Particularly, a number of studies suggest a local perceptual bias for Westerners (WCs) and a global bias for Easterners (EAs): WCs perceive most efficiently the salient information in the focal object; as a contrast EAs are biased toward the information in the background. Such visual processing bias has been observed in a wide range of tasks and stimuli. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of such perceptual tunings, especially the temporal dynamic of different information coding, have yet to be clarified. Here, in the first two experiments I focus on the perceptual function of the diverse eye movement strategies between WCs and EAs. Human observers engage in different eye movement strategies to gather facial information: WCs preferentially fixate on the eyes and mouth, whereas EAs allocate their gaze relatively more on the center of the face. By employing a fixational eye movement paradigm in Study 1 and electroencephalographic (EEG) recording in study 2, the results confirm the cultural differences in spatial-frequency information tuning and suggest the different perceptual functions of preferred eye movement pattern as a function of culture. The third study makes use of EEG adaptation and hierarchical visual stimulus to access the cultural tuning in global/local processing. Culture diversity driven by selective attention is revealed in the early sensory stage. The results here together showed the temporal dynamic of cultural perceptual diversity. Cultural distinctions in the early time course are driven by selective attention to global information in EAs, whereas late effects are modulated by detail processing of local information in WC observers.
Delayed cerebellar disease and death after accidental exposure to dimethylmercury.

Ingestion of fish or grain contaminated with methylmercury resulted in epidemics of severe neurotoxicity and death in Japan in the 1950s and 1960s1 and in Iraq in 1972.2 The World Health Organization and other organizations have warned of the dangers of methylmercury compounds to the environment and to scientific researchers.1,3–6 Dimethylmercury may be even more dangerous than methylmercury compounds. The physical properties of dimethylmercury permit transdermal absorption, and the volatility of this liquid permits toxic exposure through inhalation. Since dimethylmercury is lethal at a dose of approximately 400 mg of mercury (equivalent to a few drops, or about .
Muscarinic Receptors in Psychiatric Disorders – Can We Mimic ‘Health’?

The concept that acetylcholine is involved in the pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders has existed since the 1950s. There is very strong evidence implicating a dysfunctional muscarinic system in schizophrenia, +with less information available for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. The translation of this evidence into clinically viable treatments has been disappointing; hampered by problems associated with developing drugs that target the requisite members of the muscarinic family, rather than all of the receptors, which results in unacceptable side-effect profiles. The discovery of additional binding sites, other than the one occupied by acetylcholine, has revitalised research into this aspect of psychopharmacology. New compounds are now being developed that have the potential to selectively target individual muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system. The question that remains to be answered is whether stimulating central muscarinic receptors will result in the reestablishment of normal central muscarinic activity? The purpose of this review is to (i) summarise the data supporting a role of the muscarinic system in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, and (ii) give an overview of some of the new selective muscarinic ligands that are currently in development and try to address the issue of re-establishing appropriate central muscarinic function.
Association between pain episodes and high amplitude propagated pressure waves in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

OBJECTIVES:In the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), both increased visceral sensitivity and altered colonic motility seem to play a role. The aim of this study was to quantify the temporal relationship between pain episodes and the occurrence of high amplitude propagated pressure waves (HAPPWs). METHODS:A total of 11 IBS patients with the nonconstipation predominant pattern of IBS and 10 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were studied. On day 1, a solid state manometric catheter was positioned in the left colon and connected to a data logger. The subjects then went home. Thereafter they pressed a button on the data logger at the beginning and end of each pain episode. The 24-h manometric signal recorded on day 2 was divided into consecutive 5-min periods. These periods were evaluated for the occurrence of pain and HAPPWs. Fisher's exact test was applied to calculate the probability that HAPPWs and pain episodes were unrelated. The symptom association probability (SAP) was calculated as (1.0 − P) × 100%. A SAP of >95% was considered to indicate that the observed association did not occur by chance.RESULTS:In four of seven patients with pain on day 2, the SAP was >95%. HAPPWs that were related to pain originated at a more proximal level (p = 0.026) and occurred earlier (p = 0.007) than HAPPWs that were not related to pain. The duration of a pain period was correlated with the number of pain-related HAPPWs in that period (r = 0.906, p = 0.013). Two of the 10 healthy subjects experienced pain, and these pain episodes were not associated with HAPPWs.CONCLUSION:Using objective analysis techniques, an association between pain episodes and HAPPWs was found in nonconstipated IBS patients with pain. HAPPWs that are associated with pain are only slightly different from HAPPWs not associated with pain.
Exploring the Relationship Between Chocolate Cake-Related Guilt, Eating, and Individual Differences

Food and eating are often associated with both positive and negative emotions: pleasure and enjoyment, and also worry and guilt. Guilt has the potential to have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences on health behaviours. The present study aimed to further explore the relationship between a default association of guilt with a ‘forbidden’ food item (i.e., chocolate cake) and healthy eating behaviours, attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioural control. Individual difference variables (self-control, self-compassion, and neuroticism) and stress were also examined in relation to guilt. This study investigated the influence of a default guilt association on hypothetical and actual food choices. The findings suggest that food-related guilt can have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences on healthy eating behaviours and on individual difference variables. Individuals with chocolate cake-guilt associations reported healthier eating intentions and higher perceived behavioural control in relation to healthy eating. Those with guilt associations did not report more positive attitudes toward healthy eating nor higher self-control. They reported lower levels of self-compassion and higher levels of neuroticism and perceived stress. In regard to a hypothetical food choice, no differences were found between those with guilt or celebration associations. With one exception, guilt did not have adaptive effects during a taste test in regard to sweet and savoury food intake and post-eating guilt. Self-control appeared to be a protective factor from the maladaptive effects of guilt: self-control moderated the relationship between a guilt association and healthy eating intentions and savoury food intake. The overall findings from this research indicate that an alternative approach to promoting healthy eating and living should be considered.
Surface Recombination Measurements on III-V Candidate Materials for Nanostructure Light-Emitting Diodes

Surface recombination is an important characteristic of an optoelectronic material. Although surface recombination is a limiting factor for very small devices it has not been studied intensively. We have investigated surface recombination velocity on the exposed surfaces of the AlGaN, InGaAs, and InGaAlP material systems by using absolute photoluminescence quantum efficiency measurements. Two of these three material systems have low enough surface recombination velocity to be usable in nanoscale photonic crystal light-emitting diodes.
Just Post It

I argue that requiring authors to post the raw data supporting their published results has the benefit, among many others, of making fraud much less likely to go undetected. I illustrate this point by describing two cases of suspected fraud I identified exclusively through statistical analysis of reported means and standard deviations. Analyses of the raw data behind these published results provided invaluable confirmation of the initial suspicions, ruling out benign explanations (e.g., reporting errors, unusual distributions), identifying additional signs of fabrication, and also ruling out one of the suspected fraud’s explanations for his anomalous results. If journals, granting agencies, universities, or other entities overseeing research promoted or required data posting, it seems inevitable that fraud would be reduced.
Preemptive Scheduling of Uniform Processors with Memory.

Abstract : We consider the problem of preemptively scheduling n jobs on a system of m uniform processors. Each job has a release time, a due time, and a memory requirement associated with it. Each processor has a speed and a memory capacity associated with it. Linear programming formulations are obtained for the following optimization criteria: (1) minimize the schedule length and (2) minimize the maximum lateness. We also consider three special cases with the former optimization criteria. For each of these cases, low order polynomial time algorithms are obtained. (Author)
An approach for gait anonymization using deep learning

The human gait has become another biometrie trait used in security systems because it is unique to each person and can be recognized at a distance. However, a bad actor could use a gait recognition system to identify a person on the basis of his or her gait. We have developed a gait anonymization method that prevents unauthorized gait recognition. It modifies the gait so that the person cannot be identified while maintaining the naturalness of the gait. The modification is done by adding another gait, called "noise gait". A convolutional neural network makes this modification by taking two gaits as input, the original gait and the noise gait, and outputting an anonymized gait. The proposed method was evaluated using the success rate and mean opinion score (MOS). The success rate is the rate of failed gait recognition, and the MOS is a measure of the naturalness of the anonymized gait. In our experiments, the success rate achieved 98.86% at most while the highest naturalness score is 3.73 in the MOS scale. These findings should open new research directions regarding privacy protection related to gait recognition.