Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Crisis of Identity: school merger and cultural transition

Abstract This paper charts the transition in staff professional cultures and identities when three primary sector schools were merged, focusing on the cultural leadership activity of the headteacher of the single merged school before and after reorganisation. A combined cultural and political perspective is employed to analyse who has the power to shape the staff professional culture and identity. The impact of the headteacher's attempts to build a unified staff culture and corporate identity are interpreted through this perspective. Unintended consequences of the merger were two forms of ‘balkanisa‐tion’, or development of subcultures and separate identities in the merged institution: first, preservation of the pre‐merger culture of staff in the infant department and their primary identification as members of this department; and second, the emergence of the senior management team as a new group responsible for promoting a unified staff culture and new institutional identity but which, nevertheless, othe.
Prevalence of α-1-Antitrypsin Gene Mutations in Saudi Arabia

Background/Aim: α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency results from mutations of the protease inhibitor (PI). The AAT gene is mapped on chromosome 14 and has been associated with chronic liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To determine the frequency of AAT mutations on S and Z carrier alleles in healthy Saudi individuals from Qassim Province in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods: A total of 158 healthy, unrelated participants from Qassim Province were recruited. They were genotyped for the two AAT-deficiency alleles, PI*S and PI*Z, using polymerase chain reaction, with primers designed throughout to mediate site-directed mutagenesis. Results: Of the 158 subjects, 11.39% were carriers for the S mutation (i.e., had the MS genotype), whereas 2.53% were carriers for the Z mutation (i.e., had the MZ genotype). The SZ genotype was present in 3.8% of subjects, while the homozygous genotype SS was present in 1.9% of subjects. No subjects showed the ZZ mutant genotype. Accordingly, frequency of the mutant S and Z alleles of AAT gene was 9.49% and 3.19%, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained showed a high prevalence of the AAT deficiency allele in the Saudi population. This probably warrants adoption of a screening program for at-risk individuals, so that they might initiate adequate prophylactic measures.
NATIONAL POLITICS AND COLLECTIVE ACTION: Recent Theory and Research in Western Europe and the United States

Research on social movements in both political science and sociology was radically renewed by the movements of the 1960s. The 1970s saw the growth in the United States of the resource mobilization approach and in Western Europe of the study of “new movements. ” Although political factors were present in both approaches, the connections between politics and movements remained obscure in each. Research in the 1980s has restored politics to its central role in the origins, the dynamics, and the outcomes of social movements. Three important political concepts and the problems they raise for research on movements are explored in this review: the social movements sector, the political opportunity structure, and cycles of protest.
Complex words in complex words

Abstract Constituents of complex words can themselves be complex words. Some kinds of complex constituents appear more often than others. This study presents a quantitative investigation of this phenomenon. We show that many kinds of base words are significantly overrepresented or underrepresented. This holds not only for constituents of derived words, but also for constituents of compounds. We furthermore show that the degree of overrepresentation or underrepresentation correlates with word frequency, word length, and degree of productivity. We offer a functional explanation of this correlation in terms of processing and storage in the mental lexicon.
On efficiency of unison

In this paper, we address the unison problem. We consider the self-stabilizing algorithm proposed by Boulinier <i>et al</i>. We exhibit a bound on the step complexity of its stabilization time. In more details, the stabilization time of this algorithm is at most 2<i>Dn</i><sup>3</sup> + (α + 1)<i>n</i><sup>2</sup> + (α -- 2<i>D</i>)<i>n</i> steps, where <i>n</i> is the number of processes, <i>D</i> is the diameter of the network, and α is a parameter of the algorithm.
Customer satisfaction with and loyalty towards online travel products : a transaction cost economics perspective

This study examines the usefulness of the theory of transaction cost economics (TCE) for the online travel market and investigates customer satisfaction and loyalty with the transaction cost over the Internet taken into account. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), the authors identify the relationships among the antecedents (uncertainty, personal security and buying frequency), the mediating variable (transaction costs) and endogenous constructs (customer satisfaction and loyalty). The findings suggest that the satisfaction and loyalty of customers purchasing travel products over the Internet are affected negatively by transaction costs, which are determined by uncertainty, personal security and buying frequency. Moreover, a significantly negative relationship is identified between buying frequency and customer satisfaction.
Beyond the mainstream versus extreme dichotomy: a cyclical perspective on extreme sports

Extreme sports have received a growing interest in the last decade (Dean 2012 [Young Consumers 13 (1): 62–73. doi:10.1108/17473611211203948]). Researchers have examined extreme sports in relation to mainstream sports at both the individual level (e.g. Brymer 2005 [Journal of Emergency Medicine 28 (1): 63–68. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed. 2004.07. 008]; Brymer and Schweitzer 2013a [Journal of Health Psychology 18: 477–487], 2013b [Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14: 865–873]) and by using a social perspective (Balint 1987 [Thrills and Regressions. London: Karnac Books. http://www.ebrary.com]; Honea 2013 [The Journal of Popular Culture 46: 1253–1275. doi:10.1111/jpcu.12087]; Pearson 1979 [International Review of Sport Sociology 14: 51–60]). This article explores characteristics of both extreme and mainstream sports to suggest that they are related and stem from one another. The main features of extreme sports emerge from social and psychological theories. Five characteristics that exist on a continuum between extreme and mainstream are discussed: the relation with injury and death, the rationale for participation, the relation with performance, and the connection with other cultures and with the natural world. The cyclical effect of extreme sports or how after becoming mainstream an extreme sport tries to return to its origins is introduced. Future research avenues are suggested.
Introduction of complementary foods with respect to French guidelines: description and associated socio‐economic factors in a nationwide birth cohort (Epifane survey)

We described the introduction of complementary food (ICF) during the first year of life and identify associations observed with maternal and infant characteristics. We studied 3368 children included in the Epifane cohort, France, 2012. Maternal and infant characteristics and age at introduction of 28 complementary foods were collected at birth and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 months. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to represent probabilities of ICF. A score was used as tertiles in multinomial logistic regression to identify maternal and infant factors associated with ICF agreement with French recommendations. Median age of ICF was 152 days. While 12.6% of infants received complementary food before the age of 4 months, 95% of them were introduced after 7 months. Recommendations were generally followed, except for eggs and added fats, introduced in only 23.2% and 53.1% of 1-year-old infants, respectively. Factors significantly associated with the first ICF score tertile (low agreement with recommendations) vs. third tertile were as follows: maternal age 18-24 years (OR = 2.24 [1.49-3.35]) or 25-29 years (OR = 1.57 [1.21-2.04]), education less than or equal to high school graduation (OR = 1.94[1.51-2.48]), birthplace in France (OR = 2.13 [1.41-3.21]), three or more children (OR = 1.70 [1.15-2.51]), no follow-up antenatal classes (OR = 1.58 [1.22-2.04]), unemployment before and after pregnancy (OR = 1.64 [1.04-2.59]), unemployment before pregnancy and return to work within 12 months (OR = 2.06 [1.05-4.02]), no breastfeeding (OR = 2.08 [1.55-2.79]) or lasting <28 days (OR = 1.68 [1.22-2.31]) or 1-4 months (OR = 1.45 [1.08-1.96]). Recommendations concerning complementary food were generally followed. However, guidelines should be clarified and adapted to families who have difficulties in adopting them.
A Pilot Study to Examine the Effect of Additional Structured Outdoor Playtime on Preschoolers' Physical Activity Levels

The impact of additional structured outdoor playtime on preschoolers'; physical activity (PA) level is unclear. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effects of increasing structured outdoor playtime on preschoolers'; PA levels. Eight full-day classrooms (n=134 children) from two preschool programmes were randomised into a treatment (STRUCT, n=4) or control (CON, n=4) condition. Both groups received an additional 30 minutes of outdoor playtime three days per week for four weeks. The STRUCT intervention consisted of previously tested structured outdoor playtime activities/games. The CON intervention consisted of free outdoor playtime. Children were individually recruited (n=75) for the objective assessment of PA levels. The PA levels of 67 children (age, 4.1±0.8 years; STRUCT, n=38; CON, n=29) were assessed at baseline and during week four for seven consecutive days using Actigraph accelerometers. Data were analysed using mixed-model analysis of variance. Time spent in vigorous PA significantly increased during the 30-minute intervention time for the STRUCT group compared with the CON group (group×time interaction: F(1, 36) = 4.91, p=0.04). Compared with baseline, a significant increase was observed in the STRUCT group's time spent engaged in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) during the intervention time, but this increase was not significant compared with the CON group (baseline: STRUCT, 1.7±2.0 min; CON, 1.9±2.4 min; week four: STRUCT, 4.9±3.1 min; CON, 3.3±2.5 min). Compared with the CON group, the STRUCT group spent a significantly greater percentage of time engaged in MVPA and a significantly lower percentage of time engaged in sedentary activity during the preschool day. In conclusion, this study provides preliminary evidence that increasing preschoolers'; exposure to structured activities during outdoor playtime could lead to improvements in their PA levels. The present intervention could be used to help preschoolers meet the recommended levels of PA.
5‐Lipoxygenase antagonizes genotoxic stress‐induced apoptosis by altering p53 nuclear trafficking

5‐Lipoxygenase (5‐LO) promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival by unclear mechanisms. Here, we show that 5‐LO expression and activity were induced by genotoxic agents in a p53‐independent manner and antagonized p53‐ or genotoxic drug‐induced apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. 5‐LO inhibited p53‐governed transactivation of the pro‐apoptotic genes bax and pig3 but not of p21WAF1/CIP1 or mdm2. This may be explained by 5‐LO capability to inhibit the binding of p53 to promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and p53 subnuclear relocalization into PML‐nuclear bodies in response to genotoxic stress. Interestingly, 5‐LO activity appears to be involved in nuclear retention and inactivation of wild‐type p53 in malignant mesothelioma cells. In these cells, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of 5‐LO enabled suppression of in vitro tumorigenicity by low doses of chemotherapeutic drugs. Together, these results uncover novel functions of 5‐LO and contribute to the understanding of 5‐LO involvement in tumor progression. Moreover, they provide a rationale to the therapeutic use of 5‐LO inhibitors to enhance cancer chemosensitivity in selected tumors.
Conservative Management of Partial Extensor Tendon Lacerations Greater Than Half the Width of the Tendon in Manual Workers

AbstractConservative management (without suturing or splints) of partial extensor tendon lacerations greater than half the width of the tendon has not been previously investigated. In this prospective study, a total of 45 injured tendons (with lacerations involving 55%–90% of the width of the tendon) in 39 patients were treated conservatively. Injury zones I, III, and V of the fingers; and zones I and III of the thumb were excluded. Immediate non-resistive active mobilization was initiated and continued for 4 weeks, followed by resistive exercises. Patients were allowed to go back to work after 6 weeks. There were no cases of ruptures, triggering, infection, or complex regional pain syndrome. At final follow-up (8–9 months after injury), all patients obtained full range of motion with no extension lags. All patients were able to go back to normal duties. We conclude that early active motion without the use of splints or sutures in major extensor tendon lacerations in zones II, IV, VI–VIII of the fingers; and zones II, IV, and V of the thumb is safe.
Evaluation of microbiological diagnostic techniques in postoperative endophthalmitis in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the data for cultures and Gram stains prospectively collected by protocol in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. DESIGN Cultures of aqueous, undiluted vitreous, and (for patients who underwent vitrectomy) vitrectomy cassette fluid obtained from 420 patients were prepared on chocolate agar, in thioglycolate broth, and on Sabouraud dextrose agar; Gram stains of the aqueous and undiluted vitreous were made. Criteria were devised to distinguish true pathogens (confirmed positive cultures) from contaminants. SETTING Private and university-based retina-vitreous practices and corresponding microbiology laboratories. RESULTS Compared with the aqueous, undiluted vitreous produced a higher percentage of confirmed positive cultures and higher colony counts on chocolate agar and was more frequently the only source of a positive culture from the eye. Nevertheless, the aqueous and vitrectomy cassette fluid were the only source of a positive culture from the eye in 4.2% and 8.9% of eyes, respectively. The overall yields of chocolate agar and thioglycolate broth were similar. A positive Gram stain from the aqueous or undiluted vitreous was highly predictive of a positive culture from the eye, but a negative Gram stain had little predictive value for the culture result. The overall rate of laboratory-confirmed infection was not statistically significantly higher in the vitrectomy group than in the tap or biopsy group. CONCLUSIONS The vitreous was a richer source of positive cultures and high colony counts than was the aqueous, either because it is more supportive of bacterial growth or because a somewhat larger inoculum of the vitreous than of aqueous could be obtained. The result of Gram stain should not determine the choice of antibiotic drugs in the treatment of endophthalmitis. Vitrectomy, with culture of the vitrectomy cassette fluid, did not produce significantly more positive cultures than tap or biopsy material, and the procedure should not be performed to improve the microbiological yield.
Attention Allocation Aid for Visual Search

This paper outlines the development and testing of a novel, feedback-enabled attention allocation aid (AAAD), which uses real-time physiological data to improve human performance in a realistic sequential visual search task. Indeed, by optimizing over search duration, the aid improves efficiency, while preserving decision accuracy, as the operator identifies and classifies targets within simulated aerial imagery. Specifically, using experimental eye-tracking data and measurements about target detectability across the human visual field, we develop functional models of detection accuracy as a function of search time, number of eye movements, scan path, and image clutter. These models are then used by the AAAD in conjunction with real time eye position data to make probabilistic estimations of attained search accuracy and to recommend that the observer either move on to the next image or continue exploring the present image. An experimental evaluation in a scenario motivated from human supervisory control in surveillance missions confirms the benefits of the AAAD.
Morphology and ultrastructure of retrovirus particles

Retrovirus morphogenesis entails assembly of Gag proteins and the viral genome on the host plasma membrane, acquisition of the viral membrane and envelope proteins through budding, and formation of the core through the maturation process. Although in both immature and mature retroviruses, Gag and capsid proteins are organized as paracrystalline structures, the curvatures of these protein arrays are evidently not uniform within one or among all virus particles. The heterogeneity of retroviruses poses significant challenges to studying the protein contacts within the Gag and capsid lattices. This review focuses on current understanding of the molecular organization of retroviruses derived from the sub-nanometer structures of immature virus particles, helical capsid protein assemblies and soluble envelope protein complexes. These studies provide insight into the molecular elements that maintain the stability, flexibility and infectivity of virus particles. Also reviewed are morphological studies of retrovirus budding, maturation, infection and cell-cell transmission, which inform the structural transformation of the viruses and the cells during infection and viral transmission, and lead to better understanding of the interplay between the functioning viral proteins and the host cell.
Social Work: A Critical Approach to Practice (2nded.)

This book, which is the second edition of the previously titled Social Work: Critical Theory and Practice (2002), is a significant contribution to social work literature and a highly valuable resource for all students, practitioners, and educators interested in critical social work. It examines a range of theoretical frameworks and contexts for critical practice and explores indepth, the meaning and relevance of key related concepts such as knowing and thinking, power, discourse, narrative, identity, and difference. These concepts are unpacked, reworked, and ‘‘rethought in new contexts’’ (p. xiii), with an examination of how new ideas can be translated into practice strategies for critical social workers. Traditional thinking in crucial areas is challenged, such as power and empowerment, the relationship between theory and practice, and how problems are conceptualised and assessed. An important theme throughout the book is ‘‘practice both with and within context’’ (p. 165) (i.e., contextual practice), which is placed at the heart of social work. In the author’s words, ‘‘in this second edition, I have tried to contextualize some of the ideas more, in keeping with the principle of contextuality that I develop in the book’’ (p. xiv). There is a deliberate and thoughtful analysis of ‘‘new’’ ways of thinking about practice, which incorporate a comprehensive examination of the current global context, the nature of contexts; adopting a reflexive position in relation to context; working with whole contexts; developing theory and knowledge, which is transferable across contexts; and ‘‘reframing skills in contextual terms’’ (p. 177). The author paints an original and illuminating picture of how ‘‘new practices’’ can evolve to assist people, and potentially address the ideals of social justice and social change. The book is divided into three parts, which are each comprised of a number of chapters. Part I: Critical Potential and Current Challenges, describes the historical and current context for References
The Effect of Defaults and Task Difficulty on Consumer Satisfaction - Implications for Value Co-Creation Processes

Companies increasingly involve consumers in product design and development, e.g. through built-to-order and mass customization or by integrat- ing data generated at the point of sale into product development and production processes. The latter approach requires that companies provide online tools and interfaces like product configurators for consumer participation in value co- creation. Our research addresses the question how to design such tools to i) ob- tain reliable data and ii) keep customers happy with both products and value co- creation processes. In a lab experiment, we show how two interface elements, default values and task difficulty, affect consumers' product satisfaction, and satisfaction with the configuration process. Results indicate that product satis- faction is influenced by default values while process satisfaction is not, and task difficulty influences neither.
Comparison of single carrier and OFDM on 45GHz millimeter-wave communication system with hardware impairments

With the severe spectrum shortage in micro-wave frequency bands, millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies between 30 and 300 GHz have attracted growing attention as a possible candidate for future wireless communication. The relevant transmission technologies for millimeter-wave wireless communication is an opening research. There exist two promising techniques in the physical (PHY) layer design of the millimeter wave wireless communication, one is single-carrier (SC) modulation transmission and the other is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation transmission. In this paper, the performance for both SC and OFDM of the mmWave wireless communication system operated on 45 GHz frequency bands are investigated with taking hardware impairments including analog-to-digital converter (ADC) resolution, nonlinear distortion imbalance and phase noise into account. The simulation results show that SC is the more promising technique in supporting Multi-Gbps transmission in 45GHz mmWave scene under hardware impairments. Additionally, several key parameters, such as the quantization bit number, the output back-off (OBO), the gain, the phase imbalance and phase noise, are determined based on the referenced devices and simulation results.
A systematic review of the use of contingent valuation in Alzheimer's disease research

This systematic review was conducted to examine the use of an economic evaluation strategy called `contingent valuation' in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several scholarly and internet databases were searched for relevant citations. Articles were included in the review if they contained an original report of the use of contingent valuation in AD. Six articles — all of which assessed contingent valuation defined as willingness-to-pay (WTP) — met this criterion. Overall, caregivers' and patients' WTP for medications was higher when outcomes were better (e.g. cure versus stability). Cost-benefit analyses in two articles indicated that cholinesterase inhibitors, caregiver training, diagnostic testing, and publicly funded AD research would have net benefits for society. The articles were difficult to compare because of differences in methodology and setting. The articles also had a mix of methodological problems pertaining to study population, survey design, and elicitation of WTP. WTP is a useful means of conducting socioeconomic and policy research in AD, provided researchers are careful to address potential problems with comparability and methodology.