Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive processes involved in the onset and course of postnatal distress from the antenatal period to six months postpartum: New findings, and implications for future research

Although studies have explored the epidemiology of Postnatal Depression (PND) and other mood disorders occurring in the postnatal period, there is some evidence to support the argument that there may be different subsets of women suffering from low mood, around the time of childbirth (Warner, Appleby, Whitton, & Faragher, 1997). Some new mothers may be responding to the inherent, but often understated, stressors of the childbirth experience itself and the period that follows it, linked to dysfunctional maternal attitudes. Others may have pre-existing dysfunctional cognitions before the birth arising from other factors, and therefore already be vulnerable to a mood disorder. Another important factor linked to this, is the time of onset, and the impact of cognitive and affective changes that may occur in the overall process of becoming a mother for the first time. While there has been some research using prospective research methods, measuring cognitions both before, and after, the experience of motherhood to understand better the process by which women become depressed, has not yet been attempted (Boyce & Mason, 1996). This study therefore investigates the role of cognition in new primiparous mothers longitudinally, in an attempt to further our knowledge on these issues. The research begins by following the recommendations of Patton (1990) to investigate the context in which the main study is to be performed. The literature on mood disorders following childbirth is then reviewed, and the questions arising are documented. The planning stage is then described. This involved both formal and informal interviews with a range of key stakeholders. The main study is prospective, with a particular emphasis on investigating the cognitions of new mothers within a model that incorporates other factors known to be important in depression. The times selected for assessment were the second trimester prior to the birth (Time 1 ), 10-12 weeks after the birth (Time 2), and a final assessment at six months after the birth (Time 3). In the main study, 158 participants completed a protocol in the presence of a researcher at Time 1. At Time 2, 141 participants remained in the study. At Time 3, 127 participants completed the final protocol. Importantly, the results indicate that women, who are more worried over everyday stressors prior to the birth, are more likely to have
Use of sympathomimetic drugs leads to increased risk of hospitalization for arrhythmias in patients with congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND Sympathomimetic agents have a direct positive chronotropic effect on heart rate and may cause hypokalemia, even when administered by inhalation. In selected patients (e.g., patients with congestive heart failure [CHF]) this can lead to arrhythmias. Despite the potential adverse effects of these agents, they are used frequently in patients with CHF, due to a high incidence of respiratory comorbidity. This study investigates the effects of sympathomimetics on the incidence of hospitalizations for arrhythmias in patients with CHF. METHODS In a cohort of 1208 patients with a validated hospital discharge diagnosis of CHF, we identified 149 cases with a readmission for arrhythmias, and compared these in a nested matched case-control design with 149 controls from the remainder of the cohort with no hospital readmission for any cardiac cause. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the risk for hospitalization for arrhythmias associated with exposure to sympathomimetic agents, expressed as odds ratios. RESULTS Of 149 case patients, a total of 33 (22.1%) were treated with any sympathomimetic agent, and 6 patients (4.0%) were treated with systemic sympathomimetics. The use of any sympathomimetic drug was associated with an increased risk of admission for arrhythmia (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-15.1). For systemic sympathomimetic drugs, the corresponding odds ratio was 15.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-228.0). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study strongly suggest an increased risk of hospitalization for arrhythmias in patients with CHF treated with sympathomimetic drugs. Sympathomimetics should be given under close surveillance to patients with CHF.
Grading: The Issue Is Not How but Why.

Why are we concerned with evaluating how well students are doing? The question of motive, as opposed to method, can lead us to rethink basic tenets of teaching and learning and to evaluate what students have done in a manner more consistent with our ultimate educational objectives. But not all approaches to the topic result in this sort of thoughtful reflection. In fact, approaches to assessment may be classified according to their depth of analysis and willingness to question fundamental assumptions about how and why we grade. Consider three possible levels of inquiry:
Implicit invocation of traits

We propose the introduction of a special kind of traits that implement methods implicitly invoked when an event of a given type occurs. Events are announced explicitly in the source code at their place of origin, and classes publishing events, as well as traits subscribing to them, are explicitly marked as such. The result is greater independence of publisher and subscriber (when compared to other implementations), as well as an explicit interface between the two. An implementation in Scala is briefly sketched.
Sexual assaults on gay and bisexual men: Barriers to reporting to the police

Sexual assault is a matter of public concern that affects many individuals globally, regardless of their gender and sexual orientation. With many survivors of sexual assaults choosing not to report their victimisation to police, it appears that prevalence rates based on reports made to the police represent only a fraction of the actual occurrence of assaults. This is especially the case where assaults on gay and bisexual men are concerned. This study examined the barriers gay and bisexual male survivors of sexual assaults face in reporting their victimisation to the police. This study aimed to address a lack in New Zealand based research on the topic and develop an overall representation of the various barriers these survivors may encounter, as well as solutions for their reduction. This was achieved by conducting semi-structured interviews with six service providers functioning as key informants and four gay/bisexual male survivors of sexual assault. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. The qualitative software NVivo was used to allow for the development and organisation of themes and subthemes from the interview data collected. Four themes were identified pertaining to barriers: personal, social, institutional, and abuse-specific. Personal and social barriers were more readily recognised than those within the institutional and abuse-specific themes. A fifth theme, the reduction theme, emerged in relation to suggestions for decreasing barriers. The following eight barrier areas were identified within the personal barrier theme: defence mechanisms, cognitive mindset, revisiting, knowledge, emotions, privacy/confidentiality, past experience, and mental health. The social theme consisted of nine barrier areas: family, queer community, support, culture and religion, homosexuality and gender, myths, judgement, homophobia and prejudice, and location and environment. Seven barrier areas were identified within the institutional theme: poor responses, services and counselling, cons to reporting, the law, court dynamics, limitations, and police. The abuse-specific barrier theme consisted of nine barrier areas: time, need for proof, victimperpetrator relationship, age, drugs and alcohol, disclosure of details, consent issues, report scrutiny, and labelling and defining. Finally, six areas were identified pertaining to the reduction of barriers:
Groupware architecture for requirements processes in new product development

An organization's ability to create successful products depends on how extensively it collects, analyzes and utilizes requirements information in its product development. Recent advances in groupware technologies allow such information to be shared more effectively in distributed organizations; thus, these technologies hold considerable potential as means of shortening the cycle time and improving the quality of requirements processes. This paper addresses issues in the design and implementation of groupware-supported requirements processes by drawing on experiences from large-scale industrial development projects within Nokia. The primary contribution of the paper is the conceptual design of a generic, groupware-based requirements management system (RMS) which is postulated to help product development organizations improve their requirements processes.
Hunger and appetite after single doses of marihuana, alcohol, and dextroamphetamine

Two separate experiments indicated that in most subjects, after oral administration of marihuana, total food intake, as well as reports of hunger and appetite, are increased. Drugs, such as dextroamphetamine and, to a lesser extent, alcohol reduced food consumption and appetite. Stimulation of appetite by marihuana is by no means invariable, occurring in only slightly more than half the subjects. Similar variations between individuals were observed in the case of responses to dextroamphetamine and alcohol.
Insight in the Chemistry of Laser-Activated Dental Bleaching

The use of optical radiation for the activation of bleaching products has not yet been completely elucidated. Laser light is suggested to enhance the oxidizing effect of hydrogen peroxide. Different methods of enhancing hydrogen peroxide based bleaching are possible. They can be classified into six groups: alkaline pH environment, thermal enhancement and photothermal effect, photooxidation effect and direct photobleaching, photolysis effect and photodissociation, Fenton reaction and photocatalysis, and photodynamic effect.
Next-generation tools for evolutionary invasion analyses

Evolutionary invasion analysis is a powerful technique for modelling in evolutionary biology. The general approach is to derive an expression for the growth rate of a mutant allele encoding some novel phenotype, and then to use this expression to predict long-term evolutionary outcomes. Mathematically, such ‘invasion fitness’ expressions are most often derived using standard linear stability analyses from dynamical systems theory. Interestingly, there is a mathematically equivalent approach to such stability analyses that is often employed in mathematical epidemiology, and that is based on so-called ‘next-generation’ matrices. Although this next-generation matrix approach has sometimes also been used in evolutionary invasion analyses, it is not yet common in this area despite the fact that it can sometimes greatly simplify calculations. The aim of this article is to bring the approach to a wider evolutionary audience in two ways. First, we review the next-generation matrix approach and provide a novel, and easily intuited, interpretation of how this approach relates to more standard techniques. Second, we illustrate next-generation methods in evolutionary invasion analysis through a series of informative examples. Although focusing primarily on evolutionary invasion analysis, we provide several insights that apply to biological modelling in general.
Bounds for Mixed Strategy Equilibria and the Spatial Model of Elections

We prove that the support of mixed strategy equilibria of two-player, symmetric, zero-sum games lies in the uncovered set, a concept originating in the theory of tournaments. and the spatial theory of politics. We allow for uncountably infinite strategy spaces, and as a special case. we obtain a long-standing claim to the same effect. due to R. McKelvey (Amer. J. Polit. Sci. 30 (1986), 283-314). in the political science literature. Further. we prove the nonemptiness of the uncovered set under quite general assumptions, and we establish. under various assumptions. the coanalyticity and measurability of this set. In the concluding section. we indicate how the inclusion result may be extended to multiplayer. non-zero-sum games. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).
A retrospective study of capecitabine/temozolomide (CAPTEM) regimen in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) after failing previous therapy.

CONTEXT Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are notoriously resistant to currently available chemotherapy agents. Preclinical data has suggested synergy between temozolomide and capecitabine. OBJECTIVE To report a retrospective data on the efficacy and safety of capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM regimen) in patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) who have failed prior therapies. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 7 patients with metastatic pNETs who had had progressive cancer prior to treatment despite therapy, including long-acting release octreotide (60 mg/month), chemotherapy and hepatic chemoembolization. Capecitabine was administered at a flat dose of 1,000 mg orally twice daily on days 1-14 and temozolomide 200 mg/m² was given in two divided doses daily on days 10-14 of a 28-day cycle. Tumor assessments were repeated every two cycles and serum tumor markers were measured every cycle. Response to treatment was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) parameters, and toxicity was graded using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0. RESULTS Among 7 patients treated, three patients achieved a partial response, and two patients had stable disease. Total response rate was 43%, and clinical benefit (responders and stable disease) was 71%. Median duration of response was 8 months (range: 4-12 months). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included grade 3 thrombocytopenia in one patient and grade 3 fatigue in one patient. The most common toxicities were grade 1 and 2 neutropenia, grade 1 fatigue, grade 1 and 2 hand-foot syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our retrospective study showed that modified CAPTEM regimen was well-tolerated and produced comparable response to historical data in neuroendocrine tumors, including pNETs. Our study is unique as it only included patients with pNETs. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the combination of CAPTEM regimen with targeted therapies in pNETs.
Packaging signals in alphaviruses

Alphaviruses synthesize large amounts of both genomic and subgenomic RNA in infected cells, but usually only the genomic RNA is packaged. This implies the existence of an encapsidation or packaging signal which would be responsible for selectivity. Previously, we had identified a region of the Sindbis virus genome that interacts specifically with the viral capsid protein. This 132-nucleotide (nt) fragment lies within the coding region of the nsP1 gene (nt 945 to 1076). We proposed that the 132-mer is important for capsid recognition and initiates the formation of the viral nucleocapsid. To study the encapsidation of Sindbis virus RNAs in infected cells, we designed a new assay that uses the self-replicating Sindbis virus genomes (replicons) which lack the viral structural protein genes and contain heterologous sequences under the control of the subgenomic RNA promoter. These replicons can be packaged into viral particles by using defective helper RNAs that contain the structural protein genes (P. Bredenbeek, I. Frolov, C. M. Rice, and S. Schlesinger, J. Virol. 67:6439-6446, 1993). Insertion of the 132-mer into the subgenomic RNA significantly increased the packaging of this RNA into viral particles. We have used this assay and defective helpers that contain the structural protein genes of Ross River virus (RRV) to investigate the location of the encapsidation signal in the RRV genome. Our results show that there are several fragments that could act as packaging signals. They are all located in a different region of the genome than the signal for the Sindbis virus genome. For RRV, the strongest packaging signal lies between nt 2761 and 3062 in the nsP2 gene. This is the same region that was proposed to contain the packaging signal for Semliki Forest virus genomic RNA.
On the Dynamics of Hedge Fund Risk Exposures

We propose a new method to capture changes in hedge funds' exposures to risk factors, exploiting information from relatively high frequency conditioning variables. Using a consolidated database of nearly 15,000 individual hedge funds between 1994 and 2009, we find substantial evidence that hedge fund risk exposures vary significantly across months. Our new method also reveals that hedge fund risk exposures vary within months, and capturing this variation significantly improves the fit of the model. The proposed method outperforms an optimal changepoint approach to capturing time-varying risk exposures, and we find evidence that there are gains from combining the two approaches. We find that the cost of leverage, the carry trade return and the recent performance of equity indices are the most important drivers of changes in hedge fund risk exposures.
Mediomalleollar Fracture Combined with Achilles Tendon Rupture - A Rare Simultaneous Injury of the Ankle

Achilles tendon injuries are rarely associated with osseous lesions. The combination of mediomalleolar fracture with Achilles tendon rupture has been reported as a rare combination injury in alpine skiers, but never before in basketball. This report presents an Achilles tendon rupture in a senior basketball player in combination with a non-displaced fracture of the medial malleolus. The osseous lesion was initially missed, because the tendon injury with all typical clinical and sonographical signs predominated. The routine X-ray examination was only done in the lateral and axial plane, because the examiner did not even think of an ankle fracture, since the description of the sports accident and the clinical signs were so typical for a sole tendon injury. This case report should remind us not to exclude an osseous or ligamentous ankle injury in those cases of acute Achilles tendon rupture especially if postoperative swelling and pain persist for a prolonged period.
Effects of Nurse Staffing and Nurse Education on Patient Deaths in Hospitals With Different Nurse Work Environments

CONTEXT Better hospital nurse staffing, more educated nurses, and improved nurse work environments have been shown to be associated with lower hospital mortality. Little is known about whether and under what conditions each type of investment works better to improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine the conditions under which the impact of hospital nurse staffing, nurse education, and work environment are associated with patient outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Outcomes of 665 hospitals in 4 large states were studied through linked data from hospital discharge abstracts for 1,262,120 general, orthopedic, and vascular surgery patients, a random sample of 39,038 hospital staff nurses, and American Hospital Association data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A 30-day inpatient mortality and failure-to-rescue. RESULTS The effect of decreasing workloads by 1 patient/nurse on deaths and failure-to-rescue is virtually nil in hospitals with poor work environments, but decreases the odds on both deaths and failures in hospitals with average environments by 4%, and in hospitals with the best environments by 9% and 10%, respectively. The effect of 10% more Bachelors of Science in Nursing Degree nurses decreases the odds on both outcomes in all hospitals, regardless of their work environment, by roughly 4%. CONCLUSIONS Although the positive effect of increasing percentages of Bachelors of Science in Nursing Degree nurses is consistent across all hospitals, lowering the patient-to-nurse ratios markedly improves patient outcomes in hospitals with good work environments, slightly improves them in hospitals with average environments, and has no effect in hospitals with poor environments.
Reinventar los espacios de recreo para prevenir la violencia escolar

Resumen Se revisan algunos trabajos de investigación (Blatchfordy Sharp, 1994; Smith y Sharp, 1994; Pereira, 1999) que estudian distintas formas de intervención en el recreo escolar, que señalan que el patio de recreo es uno de los lugares de la escuela donde se produce un porcentaje más elevado de comportamientos agresivos y malos tratos entre compañeros (bullying). Teniendo en cuenta que los espacios físicos conforman una de las condiciones más relevante a la hora de analizar el aprendizaje escolar como un todo que comprende el aprendizaje social, relacional y de convivencia, se analizan diferentes aspectos de esos espacios y se concluye con algunas propuestas de intervención en su diseño para la prevención de los problemas de violencia en la escuela.
Isolation and Identification of Antitrypanosomal and Antimycobacterial Active Steroids from the Sponge Haliclona simulans

The marine sponge Haliclona simulans collected from the Irish Sea yielded two new steroids: 24-vinyl-cholest-9-ene-3β,24-diol and 20-methyl-pregn-6-en-3β-ol,5α,8α-epidioxy, along with the widely distributed 24-methylenecholesterol. One of the steroids possesses an unusually short hydrocarbon side chain. The structures were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and confirmed using electron impact- and high resolution electrospray-mass spectrometry. All three steroids possess antitrypanosomal and anti-mycobacterial activity. All the steroids were found to possess low cytotoxicity against Hs27 which was above their detected antitrypanosomal potent concentrations.
Synthesis of cubic SrCoO3 single crystal and its anisotropic magnetic and transport properties

A large-size single crystal of nearly stoichiometric SrCoO3 was prepared with a two-step method combining the floating-zone technique and subsequent high oxygen pressure treatment. SrCoO3 crystallizes in a cubic perovskite structure with space group , and displays an itinerant ferromagnetic behavior with the Curie temperature of 305 K. The easy magnetization axis is found to be along the [111] direction, and the saturation moment is 2.5 µB/f.u. , in accord with the picture of the intermediate spin state. The resistivity at low temperatures (T) is proportional to T2, indicative of the possible effect of orbital fluctuation in the intermediate spin ferromagnetic metallic state. Unusual anisotropic magnetoresistance is also observed and its possible origin is discussed.