Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced Error Model for EKF-Based Tightly-Coupled Integration of GPS and Land Vehicle’s Motion Sensors

Reduced inertial sensor systems (RISS) have been introduced by many researchers as a low-cost, low-complexity sensor assembly that can be integrated with GPS to provide a robust integrated navigation system for land vehicles. In earlier works, the developed error models were simplified based on the assumption that the vehicle is mostly moving on a flat horizontal plane. Another limitation is the simplified estimation of the horizontal tilt angles, which is based on simple averaging of the accelerometers’ measurements without modelling their errors or tilt angle errors. In this paper, a new error model is developed for RISS that accounts for the effect of tilt angle errors and the accelerometer’s errors. Additionally, it also includes important terms in the system dynamic error model, which were ignored during the linearization process in earlier works. An augmented extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed to incorporate tilt angle errors and transversal accelerometer errors. The new error model and the augmented EKF design are developed in a tightly-coupled RISS/GPS integrated navigation system. The proposed system was tested on real trajectories’ data under degraded GPS environments, and the results were compared to earlier works on RISS/GPS systems. The findings demonstrated that the proposed enhanced system introduced significant improvements in navigational performance.
Aerogenous metastases: a potential game changer in the diagnosis and management of primary lung adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this article are to summarize the relevant literature on aerogenous metastasis, explain the putative pathogenetic mechanism of aerogenous spread, present the characteristic imaging and pathologic features, and review the importance of aerogenous spread to staging and clinical management. CONCLUSION Cumulative evidence suggests that aerogenous spread may exist and is underrecognized. Imaging features are helpful in differentiating possible aerogenous spread of tumor from hematogenous and lymphatic metastases and from synchronous primary tumors. The putative occurrence of intrapulmonary aerogenous metastasis of lung cancer has staging, management, and prognostic implications.
Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and High-Density Lipoprotein Quality by Estradiol in Cardiovascular Pathology

Estrogens have been recognized, in the last 3 decades, as important hormones in direct and indirect modulation of vascular health. In addition to their direct benefit on cardiovascular health, the presence of esterified estrogen in the lipid core of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles indirectly contributes to atheroprotection by significantly improving HDL quality and functionality. Estrogens modulate their physiological activity via genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Genomic mechanisms are thought to be mediated directly by interaction of the hormone receptor complex with the hormone response elements that regulate gene expression. Nongenomic mechanisms are thought to occur via interaction of the estrogen with membrane-bound receptors, which rapidly activate intracellular signaling without binding of the hormone receptor complex to its hormone response elements. Estradiol in particular mediates early and late endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation via interaction with estrogen receptors through both nongenomic and genomic mechanisms. In the vascular system, the primary endogenous source of nitric oxide (NO) generation is eNOS. Nitric oxide primarily influences blood vessel relaxation, the heart rate, and myocyte contractility. The abnormalities in expression and/or functions of eNOS lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases, both in animals and in humans. Although considerable research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the mechanisms of action of estradiol in regulating cardiac eNOS, more research is needed to fully understand the details of such mechanisms. This review focuses on recent findings from animal and human studies on the regulation of eNOS and HDL quality by estradiol in cardiovascular pathology.
Gibbs max-margin topic models with data augmentation

Max-margin learning is a powerful approach to building classifiers and structured output predictors. Recent work on max-margin supervised topic models has successfully integrated it with Bayesian topic models to discover discriminative latent semantic structures and make accurate predictions for unseen testing data. However, the resulting learning problems are usually hard to solve because of the non-smoothness of the margin loss. Existing approaches to building max-margin supervised topic models rely on an iterative procedure to solve multiple latent SVM subproblems with additional mean-field assumptions on the desired posterior distributions. This paper presents an alternative approach by defining a new max-margin loss. Namely, we present Gibbs max-margin supervised topic models, a latent variable Gibbs classifier to discover hidden topic representations for various tasks, including classification, regression and multi-task learning. Gibbs max-margin supervised topic models minimize an expected margin loss, which is an upper bound of the existing margin loss derived from an expected prediction rule. By introducing augmented variables and integrating out the Dirichlet variables analytically by conjugacy, we develop simple Gibbs sampling algorithms with no restrictive assumptions and no need to solve SVM subproblems. Furthermore, each step of the "augment-and-collapse" Gibbs sampling algorithms has an analytical conditional distribution, from which samples can be easily drawn. Experimental results on several medium-sized and large-scale data sets demonstrate significant improvements on time effciency. The classification performance is also improved over competitors on binary, multi-class and multi-label classification tasks.
Surgical outcomes research: a progression from performance audits, to assessment of administrative databases, to prospective risk-adjusted analysis – how far have we come?

Purpose of review This review focuses on how the assessment of surgical quality and safety has evolved from individual performance audits and morbidity and mortality reviews, to assessment of large administrative databases, to the current practice of prospective risk-adjusted analysis by a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for children's surgical care. This evolution follows the natural availability of surgical outcome data and a national call for improved hospital care safety and quality. Recent findings Two new advances in children's surgical care include the comparative use of national health record data compiled in administrative datasets and the use of a risk-adjusted assessment of children's surgical morbidity and mortality as assessed by a newly developed National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for children's operative care. The value and application of these two datasets are presented. Summary The evolution of the assessment of surgical quality and safety will equip the surgeon with an optimal array of outcome assessment tools to assure the best in surgical quality and safety for the pediatric patient.
Trend sensing via Twitter

Due to its ever increasing popularity, Twitter has become a pervasive information outlet. In this paper, we present a passive sensing framework for identifying trends via Twitter. In our framework, we use a multi-dimensional corpus for fine-granularity sensing of trends, and employ both vector-space and set-space methods for achieving accuracy. We present two applications of our framework. The first one is sensing trends in public opinion by using an emotion-category corpus. The second application is sensing trends in location-types in a city by using a location-category corpus. Our experiments show that the proposed methods are able to determine changes in trends effectively in both application scenarios.
A Novel Framework Lime Lighting Dedup Over Caches in an Tacit Dope Center

Flash memory-based caches inside VM hypervisors can reduce I/O latencies and offload much of the I/O traffic from network-attached storage systems deployed in virtualized data centers. This paper e x p l o r e s the effectiveness of content deduplication in these large (typically 100s of GB) host-side caches. Previous deduplication studies focused on data mostly at rest in backup and archive applications. This study focu s e s on cached data and dynamic workloads within the shared VM infrastructure. We analyse I/O traces from six virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) I/O storms and two longterm CIFS studies and show that deduplication can reduce the data footprint inside host-side caches by as much as 67%. This in turn allows for caching a larger portion of the data set and improves the effective cache hit rate. More importantly, such increased caching efficiency can alleviate load from networked storage systems during I/O storms when most VM instances perform the same operation such as virus scans, OS patch installs, and reboots.
THE ROLE OF THICKNESS ON THE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF DC MAGNETRON SPUTTERED NANO ZNO THIN FILMS

The objective of this research is investigating the effect of the thickness on the structural and electrical properties for nano ZnO thin films prepared by d.c magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. The deposition parameters such as power, target to-substrate spacing, substrate temperature and sputtering gas composition, self-heating of the substrate in plasma during film deposition were investigated. Thicknesses (t) of nanoZnO thin films are altered by varying the deposition time from 45 min to 90 min (t=50,100,150 and 200 nm) and was determined using optical method. Crystal structure were investigated by mean of a X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that all the films have peak located at 2θ ≈ 34.4 o with hkl (002), in addition there were another peaks appear at thickness 100 nm, 150 nm and 200 nm . The crystalline was increased with increasing (t). The grain size increased from 9.462 nm to 11.8522 nm as the film thickness increased from 50 to 200nm. General observations indicate that microstructure parameters, such as grain size, depend sensitively on the exact nature of the deposition conditions. The d.c conductivity (σ) for nano ZnO thin films has been studied as a function of thicknesses. From all samples we can be noticed that the resistivity (ρ) increased with increasing the temperature and film thickness, while the activation energies decreased. The carrier concentration and mobility have been studied. Key Word: Nano ZnO thin Films, Structural properties, Electrical properties, dc magnetron sputter.
Layer-by-layer design of nanofiltration membranes

In this thesis, a new kind of a stable nanofiltration membrane is discussed. The fabrication is based on polyelectrolyte (PE) adsorption in a sequential manner using a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique on porous ultrafiltration membranes of polymeric or ceramic nature. A new coating method involving constant flux permeation enables precise tailoring of the performance in terms of retention and permeability of the resulting membranes. The stability of the new membranes is superior to commercially available nanofiltration membranes and its performance is competitive. Regeneration, i.e. deconstruction and rebuilding of the polymeric LbL film, is demonstrated on a ceramic multichannel support. It allows the reuse of the highly stable but also expensive ceramic support.
Effect of Synthetic Dietary Triglycerides: A Novel Research Paradigm for Nutrigenomics

Background The effect of dietary fats on human health and disease are likely mediated by changes in gene expression. Several transcription factors have been shown to respond to fatty acids, including SREBP-1c, NF-κB, RXRs, LXRs, FXR, HNF4α, and PPARs. However, it is unclear to what extent these transcription factors play a role in gene regulation by dietary fatty acids in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we take advantage of a unique experimental design using synthetic triglycerides composed of one single fatty acid in combination with gene expression profiling to examine the effects of various individual dietary fatty acids on hepatic gene expression in mice. We observed that the number of significantly changed genes and the fold-induction of genes increased with increasing fatty acid chain length and degree of unsaturation. Importantly, almost every single gene regulated by dietary unsaturated fatty acids remained unaltered in mice lacking PPARα. In addition, the majority of genes regulated by unsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid, were also regulated by the specific PPARα agonist WY14643. Excellent agreement was found between the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on mouse liver versus cultured rat hepatoma cells. Interestingly, using Nuclear Receptor PamChip® Arrays, fatty acid- and WY14643-induced interactions between PPARα and coregulators were found to be highly similar, although several PPARα-coactivator interactions specific for WY14643 were identified. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that the effects of dietary unsaturated fatty acids on hepatic gene expression are almost entirely mediated by PPARα and mimic those of synthetic PPARα agonists in terms of regulation of target genes and molecular mechanism. Use of synthetic dietary triglycerides may provide a novel paradigm for nutrigenomics research.
Cortical Volume Alterations in Conduct Disordered Adolescents with and without Bipolar Disorder

Background: There is increasing evidence that bipolar disorder (BD) and conduct disorder (CD) are co-occurring disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging has revealed differences in the structure and function of the frontal cortex in these disorders when studied separately; however, the impact of BD comorbidity on brain structure in adolescents with CD has not yet been examined. Method: We conducted an optimized voxel based morphometry (VBM) study of juvenile offenders with the following diagnoses: conduct disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder (CD-BD; n = 24), conduct disorder without bipolar disorder (CD; n = 24) and healthy controls (HC, n = 24). Participants were 13–17 years of age, in a residential treatment facility for repeat offenders. The three groups in this study were similar in age, gender, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Results: We found CD-BD subjects had decreased volume relative to controls at the voxel level in the right medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using a Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE) technique, the CD-BD subjects had significantly decreased volumes of the right medial prefrontal cortex and portions of the superior and inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate and temporal gyrus. The CD subjects did not have differences in brain volume compared to control subjects or CD-BD subjects. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the comorbidity between CD and BD is associated with neurobiological impact namely volumetric differences from healthy controls. Furthermore subjects with this comorbidity had poorer lifetime functioning, more mood and attentional dysfunction, and more medication exposure than subjects with CD who were not BD.
Cyclic neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia in patients with a shared ELANE mutation and paternal haplotype: Evidence for phenotype determination by modifying genes

Cyclic neutropenia (CN) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) are disorders of neutrophil production that differ markedly in disease severity. Mutations of the ELANE gene (the symbol recently replacing ELA2) are considered largely responsible for most cases of CN and SCN, but specific mutations are typically associated with one or the other.
A Shortest Path Algorithm for Real-Weighted Undirected Graphs

We present a new scheme for computing shortest paths on real-weighted undirected graphs in the fundamental comparison-addition model. In an efficient preprocessing phase our algorithm creates a linear-size structure that facilitates single-source shortest path computations in O(m log $\alpha$) time, where $\alpha$ = $\alpha$(m,n) is the very slowly growing inverse-Ackermann function, m the number of edges, and n the number of vertices. As special cases our algorithm implies new bounds on both the all-pairs and single-source shortest paths problems. We solve the all-pairs problem in O(mn log $\alpha$(m,n)) time and, if the ratio between the maximum and minimum edge lengths is bounded by n(log n)O(1), we can solve the single-source problem in O(m + n log log n) time. Both these results are theoretical improvements over Dijkstra's algorithm, which was the previous best for real weighted undirected graphs. Our algorithm takes the hierarchy-based approach invented by Thorup.
In Pursuit of the Nomadic Viewer

Points out that numerous studies have attempted to understand the behavior of television viewers. Gone are the days when the entire family gathered around the television, paying rapt attention to the programming. Suggests that the television as “family hearth” has been replaced, as viewers are more aptly characterized as “nomadic”, wandering from channel to channel, from room to room, and from activity to activity. Reports on an in‐depth study of the activities, patterns of behavior, locations of viewing, and attitudes of everyday consumers toward television in the 1990s. Multiple observational methods were used, ranging from unobtrusive observation of viewing, sketches made by viewers of their television viewing location, and focus group interviews. Findings suggest that advertising not only competes with other television shows for the consumer′s attention, but also competes with a multitude of activities, interruptions, and even other televisions within the same or adjacent rooms. Such findings pose a m.
GPS-Based System for the Measurement of Synchronized Harmonic Phasors

A measurement system, based on high-performance Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and general-purpose acquisition (DAQ) boards, for the evaluation of the synchronized harmonic phasors in the nodes of an electric distribution network, is presented. To meet the requirements of different fields of application, two measurement procedures have been implemented: One is based on a fixed observation window, whereas, in the other one, the observation interval is a function of the actual power system frequency. Experimental tests are presented to characterize the measurement system: The results show that the proposed procedures allow the accuracy that is usually required in power quality monitoring of distribution systems to be reached.
Development of a simultaneous liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of type B trichothecenes, their derivatives, and precursors in wheat.

A method coupling liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of trichothecenes, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, fusarenon-X, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, isotrichodermin, calonectrin, 3-deacetylcalonectrin, 15-deacetylcalonectrin, 3,15-diacetylnivalenol, 4,15-diacetylnivalenol, 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol, and 3,4,15-triacetylnivalenol. The analytical parameters of trichothecenes and their derivatives were optimized to enable their highly sensitive detection. Evaluation of clean-up procedures using Multisep #226 and #227 indicated that Multisep #227 was more suitable for their simultaneous detection in wheat. In performance validation studies using the LC/MS/MS method with Multisep #227 cleanup, good recoveries ranging from 84% to 115% with relative standard deviations from 0.4% to 7.2% were measured. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.03 to 1.4 ng·g(-1) and from 0.1 to 4.7 ng·g(-1) , respectively. The effect of matrices using matrix-matched calibration was estimated to range from 80% to 117% after Multisep #227 cleanup. Multisep #227 clean-up procedure with matrix-free standard calibration achieved accurate quantification without having a considerable effect on matrix compounds. Using the developed method, several trichothecene derivatives and precursors were detected in fungally inoculated wheat samples. The developed LC/MS/MS method is a practical technique that can be used for the quantification of trichothecenes in wheat. This study is the first report of an analytical method used for the simultaneous quantification of major trichothecenes, their derivatives and precursors.
Development of a multi-compartment neuron model emulation

This work describes the design of an analog circuit emulating a multi-compartment neuron model on a microchip. Initially, the single-compartment adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neuron model is implemented as a hardware model. Therefor, the differential equations describing the model dynamics are directly translated into an electronic circuit based on operational transconductance amplifiers. Consequently a close correspondence between model and circuit is achieved enabling references to experiments done with computer simulators. 512 of these neurons are implemented on a single micro-chip. Individual control of each neuron’s biases is achieved by the use of analog floating-gate memory. In most cases, these biases directly correspondent to parameters of the model, hence simple translations are possible. The single neuron implementation has been verified on a prototype chip in several experiments. Inter alia, its capabilities of reproducing biological neuron’s behavior and the influence of fixed-pattern noise on the circuit are analyzed. To step over to a multi-compartment circuit, the neuron has been enhanced by a resistive element and a routing network to build complex dendrite structures. Furthermore, the parameterization allows compartments of different sizes covering large somatic and small dendritic compartments. A dedicated test chip has been designed for the verification of the new model. Several simulations show the enhanced behavior of the multi-compartment emulation including dendritic attenuation and active spike propagation. The neuron circuits are dedicated for a new kind of computer based on the cortex.
Resting Muscle Oxygen Consumption by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Parameter to be Considered in a Clinical Setting?

Resting muscle VO 2 consumption (rmVO2) as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been poorly studied in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We studied the feasibility of its assessment in a clinical setting, compared values from PAD and healthy participants, and identified factors affecting rmVO 2 in PAD. A total of 119 PAD patients with claudication and 30 healthy participants were enrolled. Ankle brachial index (ABI), adipose tissue thickness, and rmVO2 in the gastrocnemius after venous (rmVO2ven) or arterial (rmVO2art) occlusion were measured with NIRS. Compared to rmVO2art, rmVO2ven determination was less painful (P = .001), with higher values (P < .0001). rmVO2ven of PAD patients was not significantly different from healthy participants and was inversely correlated with the corresponding ABI (P = .018). rmVO2ven from severely diseased legs was higher than values from borderline/moderately diseased legs (P = .003). The determination of rmVO2ven by NIRS is suitable for the clinical setting and allows noninvasive quantification of a compensatory peripheral adaptation in patients with PAD.