Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lexical Cues of Interaction Involvement in Dyadic Instant Messaging Conversations

We explore how people express and interpret lexical cues of interaction involvement in dyadic conversations via instant messaging (IM) in two studies. In Study 1, an experiment with 60 participants, we manipulated level of involvement in a conversation with a distraction task. We examined how participants' uses of verbal cues such as pronouns were associated with their involvement in text-only IM conversations. We found that use of personal pronouns, assent words, cognitive words, and definite articles were significant indicators of a participant's involvement. In Study 2, an online survey with 50 participants, we examined how two lexical cues of involvement, personal pronouns and assent words, were perceived and interpreted. We found that communicators using few personal pronouns and many assent words were evaluated as more involved in their conversations. Our results contribute to theoretical development in computer-mediated communication and have implications for design of technologies to better support text-based conversations.
Fitness and ERP Indices of Cognitive Control Mode during Task Preparation in Preadolescent Children

A growing number of studies conducted over the past decade have demonstrated that greater aerobic fitness is associated with superior cognitive control in preadolescent children. Several studies have suggested that the relationship between fitness and cognitive control may be attributed to differential reliance on proactive vs. reactive cognitive control modes. However, this contention has remained speculative, and further studies are needed to better elucidate this relationship. We designed the present study to test the hypothesis that use of cognitive control modes would differ as a function of childhood fitness. We compared performance of lower-fit and higher-fit children on a modified AX-continuous performance task, commonly used to examine shifts in the use of proactive and reactive control, along with cue-P3 and contingent negative variation (CNV) of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Results indicated that higher-fit children exhibited greater response accuracy for BX (non-target cue – target probe) relative to AY (target cue – non-target probe) trials, whereas lower-fit children had comparable response accuracies for AY and BX trials. Because enhanced BX performance and impaired AY performance may be attributed to the proactive use of context information, these results suggest that greater childhood fitness is associated with more effective utilization of proactive control. Higher-fit children also exhibited larger cue-P3 amplitude and smaller CNV amplitude for BX relative to AY trials, with no such effect of trial type in lower-fit children. These ERP results suggest that greater fitness is associated with more effective utilization of cue information and response preparation more appropriate to trial type, supporting the behavioral findings. The present study provides novel insights into the relationship between fitness and cognition from the perspective of cognitive control mode during task preparation.
Beyond the Head of Year

Abstract This paper explores current tensions in the role of the Head of Year in the light of recent changes in schools' contexts. Three broad themes are explored to consider the implications for the role of the Head of Year: a sustained and sharper emphasis on improving the attainment or performance of young people, a change to some of the deeper structures of the school, and the changing relationship of the school to the community. This is discussed using the example of five schools that worked together to explore the role so that it more closely served their purposes, a group that met to discuss what lies ‘beyond the Head of Year’.
Model of Learning for Career and Labour Market Transitions

The study, upon which this special issue focuses, used narrative interviews to investigate how learning can support workers' transitions in the labour market in five European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain). The five countries were chosen to represent very different contexts in the way learning can support career and labour market transitions and the findings showed considerable variation in the types of skill formation and career and learning pathways with which many people in their mid-career and with middle level qualifications engaged. The narrative interviews, outlining the respondents' strategic career and learning biographies, were a powerful way to investigate how adults established in their careers navigated their ways through changing labour markets. The findings were also used to develop a more comprehensive model of learning for career and labour market transitions that would accommodate the different ways in which learning could support career transitions across the life-course, where these transitions may involve shifts away from initial occupational identities.
Overexpression of Fibrinogen‐Like Protein 2 Promotes Tolerance in a Fully Mismatched Murine Model of Heart Transplantation

Fibrinogen‐like protein 2 (FGL2) is an immunomodulatory protein that is expressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The objective of this study was to determine if recombinant FGL2 (rFGL2) treatment or constitutive FGL2 overexpression could promote transplant tolerance in mice. Although rFGL2 treatment prevented rejection of fully mismatched cardiac allografts, all grafts were rejected after stopping treatment. Next, we generated FGL2 transgenic mice (fgl2Tg) that ubiquitously overexpressed FGL2. These mice developed normally and had no evidence of the autoimmune glomerulonephritis seen in fgl2−/− mice. Immune characterization showed fgl2Tg T cells were hypoproliferative to stimulation with alloantigens or anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 stimulation, and fgl2Tg Tregs had increased immunosuppressive activity compared with fgl2+/+ Tregs. To determine if FGL2 overexpression can promote tolerance, we transplanted fully mismatched cardiac allografts into fgl2Tg recipients. Fifty percent of cardiac grafts were accepted indefinitely in fgl2Tg recipients without any immunosuppression. Tolerant fgl2Tg grafts had increased numbers and proportions of Tregs and tolerant fgl2Tg mice had reduced proliferation to donor but not third party antigens. These data show that tolerance in fgl2Tg recipients involves changes in Treg and T cell activity that contribute to a higher intragraft Treg–to–T cell ratio and acceptance of fully mismatched allografts.
Iterative Algorithm for Joint Zero Diagonalization With Application in Blind Source Separation

A new iterative algorithm for the nonunitary joint zero diagonalization of a set of matrices is proposed for blind source separation applications. On one hand, since the zero diagonalizer of the proposed algorithm is constructed iteratively by successive multiplications of an invertible matrix, the singular solutions that occur in the existing nonunitary iterative algorithms are naturally avoided. On the other hand, compared to the algebraic method for joint zero diagonalization, the proposed algorithm requires fewer matrices to be zero diagonalized to yield even better performance. The extension of the algorithm to the complex and nonsquare mixing cases is also addressed. Numerical simulations on both synthetic data and blind source separation using time-frequency distributions illustrate the performance of the algorithm and provide a comparison to the leading joint zero diagonalization schemes.
Understanding the Memorable Messages First-Generation College Students Receive from On-Campus Mentors

The current study examined the memorable messages first-generation college students received from their on-campus mentors about college and family. Accordingly, 30 first-generation college students shared mentors' memorable messages during in-depth, semistructured, responsive interviews. Four hundred sixty-seven pages of transcripts were analyzed for emergent themes. First-generation college students' voices revealed five college memorable messages themes including (a) pursuing academic success, (b) valuing school, (c) increasing future potential, (d) making decisions, and (e) support and encouragement. In addition, three family memorable messages themes emerged, including (a) comparing and contrasting, (b) counting on family, and (c) recognizing the importance of family.
Multiethnic Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies in >100 000 Subjects Identifies 23 Fibrinogen-Associated Loci but No Strong Evidence of a Causal Association Between Circulating Fibrinogen and Cardiovascular Disease

Background— Estimates of the heritability of plasma fibrinogen concentration, an established predictor of cardiovascular disease, range from 34% to 50%. Genetic variants so far identified by genome-wide association studies explain only a small proportion (<2%) of its variation. Methods and Results— We conducted a meta-analysis of 28 genome-wide association studies including >90 000 subjects of European ancestry, the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of fibrinogen levels in 7 studies in blacks totaling 8289 samples, and a genome-wide association study in Hispanics totaling 1366 samples. Evaluation for association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with clinical outcomes included a total of 40 695 cases and 85 582 controls for coronary artery disease, 4752 cases and 24 030 controls for stroke, and 3208 cases and 46 167 controls for venous thromboembolism. Overall, we identified 24 genome-wide significant (P<5×10−8) independent signals in 23 loci, including 15 novel associations, together accounting for 3.7% of plasma fibrinogen variation. Gene-set enrichment analysis highlighted key roles in fibrinogen regulation for the 3 structural fibrinogen genes and pathways related to inflammation, adipocytokines, and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone signaling. Whereas lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a few loci were significantly associated with coronary artery disease, the combined effect of all 24 fibrinogen-associated lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms was not significant for coronary artery disease, stroke, or venous thromboembolism. Conclusions— We identify 23 robustly associated fibrinogen loci, 15 of which are new. Clinical outcome analysis of these loci does not support a causal relationship between circulating levels of fibrinogen and coronary artery disease, stroke, or venous thromboembolism.
Avogadro constant determination for a redefined kilogram

Today the mass unit kilogram is still defined by the mass of an artefact, the international prototype of the kilogram. The Avogadro constant can be used to define the kilogram in terms of a fundamental constant. The International Avogadro Coordination determined the Avogadro constant in a new approach by ‘counting’ the atoms in 1 kg single-crystal spheres, which are highly enriched with the Si isotope. The value obtained, NA = 6.022 140 82 (18) × 10 mol, is the most accurate input datum for a new definition of the kilogram. In this publication volume, mass and surface measurements are reviewed. The result of NA is compared to determinations by watt balance experiments. Index Terms – Avogadro constant, silicon, isotopically enriched silicon crystal, mass, density, volume, interferometer, oxide layer, new kilogram definition.
Role of immunosuppressive therapy on clinical, immunological, and angiographic outcome in active Takayasu's arteritis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of an immunosuppressive regimen consisting of azathioprine and prednisolone on the clinical, immunological, and angiographic outcome in patients with active Takayasu's arteritis (TA). METHODS Between January 1996 and January 2001, of 65 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with TA not previously treated by any immunosuppressive therapy, 15 fulfilled the criteria for disease activity. Detailed clinical and laboratory evaluation was carried out in these patients. They were treated with a combination of azathioprine and prednisolone for one year, and aortography was carried out in all patients before and after completion of the treatment. RESULTS All patients had improvement in systemic symptoms and laboratory measures of disease activity within a period of 3 months of onset of treatment. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased from a mean of 55.5 +/- 14.7 mm/h to 21.9 +/- 9.5 mm/h within 3 months (p < 0.001) and further to 20.8 +/- 15.2 at one year (p = NS). C-reactive protein concentrations fell from 4.8 +/- 5.2 mg/dl to 0.5 +/- 0.2 mg/dl at 3 months (p = 0.004) and remained at 0.5 +/- 0.3 mg/dl at one year (p = NS). No changes in the peripheral pulses or differences in limb blood pressures were noted. Repeat angiograms revealed no significant changes compared to baseline. No new lesion appeared in any patient. The immunosuppressive therapy was well tolerated with no notable side effects. CONCLUSION An immunosuppressive regimen of azathioprine and prednisolone is safe, well tolerated, and effective in ameliorating systemic symptoms and laboratory measures of disease activity in TA, and at least halts progression in angiographic lesions at one year of followup, although it does not seem to lead to a regression of the arterial lesions.
Determinants of zakah (Islamic tax) compliance behavior

Purpose – The purpose of the paper was to examine factors influencing business zakah compliance behavior. Design/methodology/approach – The theory of reasoned action (TRA) was adopted to investigate whether attitude, subjective norm and intention were the determinants of zakah compliance behavior based on questionnaire survey of 227 active businessmen in one district in Malaysia. Findings – Results indicate intention to be a significant predictor for zakah compliance behavior. Intention is further found to be influenced by both attitude and subjective norm, and it mediates the relationship between both factors with business zakah compliance behavior. Practical implications – As attitude, subjective norm and intention are found to influence business zakah compliance behavior, zakah institutions should give serious attention on these factors to improve their zakah collection in the future. Originality/value – The study supports the argument that in a loosely regulated environment like zakah, the TRA can sti.
Racist Experiences and Health Outcomes: An Examination of Spirituality as a Buffer

The purpose of this study was to extend the research body, which implicates the insidious effects of racism on health outcomes. Specifically, this study tested the assumption that perception of racist experiences would predict differently for self-report symptoms (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised) compared to an objective measure of health (cardiovascular [CV] reactivity to standard laboratory stress- ors). It was also hypothesized that the cultural variable spirituality would moderate this relation. A total of 155 undergraduate students of African descent from a historical Black university in the mid-Atlantic region were recruited to participate in the current study. Perceived racist experiences and racial stress were commonly associated with negative health symptoms and showed an inverse relation to the CV responses. In addition, spirituality served as a significant moderator between racial stress and negative psychological health symptoms. Several implications are discussed in light of these findings.
Refining momentum strategies by conditioning on prior long‐term returns: Canadian evidence

Cross-sectional returns in Canada are predictable using both momentum and reversal strategies. Synergies realized by focusing on the entire term structure of prior returns lead to better predictability. An enhanced index strategy based on these synergies is profitable most of the time after controlling for transaction costs, although the degree of profitability changes over time. Simulation shows that recent profitability is mainly attributable to the short-side of the momentum strategy. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What the Tech Is Going On? Social Media and Your Music Classroom

Social media is a dynamic tool capable of helping music teachers in various capacities. This article will explore two levels of involvement, including the personal learning network and the social classroom. When teachers use social media to its fullest potential in the music classroom, it allows for many new possibilities for the classroom, including higher levels of engagement, increased relevancy, and improved differentiated instruction levels. This article will also showcase specific ways to engage in both a personal learning network and a social classroom by providing an overview to the major social media platforms currently helpful in music education.
The Effects of Specific Practice Strategy Use on University String Players’ Performance

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of specific practice strategy use on university string players’ performance. Participants (N = 40) volunteered for the study and were string players enrolled in orchestra at a major research university. Within a pretest–posttest designed study, participants were assigned to one of four treatment groups using stratified randomization: free practice, playing slowly then gradually speeding up, repeating small sections, and playing the excerpt multiple times. In a recorded session, participants were given 1 min to review the study music and then were asked to sight-read the excerpt. Participants then practiced using their assigned strategy for 10 min, rested for 1 min, and performed the excerpt again. The researcher discovered that each practice strategy significantly improved university string players’ performance. No differences were found among practice strategies with regard to pitch, rhythm, expression, or overall scores. Results of an additional analysis indicated that the results may have been affected by performance level of the participants, the study music, and the time involved in the practice session.
Long-run consequences of natural disasters : Evidence from Tangshan

Exploiting Tangshan 1976 the deadliest earthquake in the 20th century as a source of exogenous variation, we estimate the cohort-specific effects of a historical shock on contemporary socio-economic outcomes. While cohorts born after the earthquake were considerably larger, the adverse post-disaster conditions did not translate into lasting impacts on schooling and labour market outcomes. Cohorts at schooling age during the earthquake, however, exhibit considerably lower education levels today, particularly among the female. Despite lower education, there is no evidence for adverse labour market outcomes. We conduct extensive robustness checks and argue that the effect is causal.
Mixed- versus Unmixed-List Designs in Paired-Associate Learning

Investigations of a new experimental variable from the arrangements of reinforcements (R) and tests (T) in paired-associate learning were furthered by a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experimental design: 64 college students learned two lists of 12 pairs, one with unmixed list (Exp. I) and the other with mixed list (Exp. II). Four repetitive experimental sequences in each experiment were RTRT …, RRTRRT. … RTTRTT …, and RRTTRRTT. … No significant differences were found between mixed- and unmixed-list designs for any given statistic examined. The findings indicate that individual pairs in a given condition were learned relatively independently of those in the other conditions within a list. The present results were close replications of the previous study by Izawa (1966a) and support the stimulus fluctuation model.
Prey-Specific Growth Responses of Freshwater Flagellate Communities Induced by Morphologically Distinct Bacteria from the Genus Limnohabitans

ABSTRACT Because their large growth potential is counterbalanced with grazing by heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), bacteria of the genus Limnohabitans, which are common in many freshwater habitats, represent a valuable model for examining bacterial carbon flow to the grazer food chain. We conducted experiments with natural HNF communities taken from two distinct habitats, the meso-eutrophic Římov Reservoir and the oligo-mesotrophic Lake Cep (South Bohemia). HNF communities from each habitat at distinct seasonal phases, a late April algal bloom and a late May clear water phase, were each fed 3 Limnohabitans strains of differing cell sizes. Water samples were prefiltered (5 μm) to release natural HNF communities from zooplankton control and then amended with the Limnohabitans strains L. planktonicus II-D5 (medium sized, rod shaped), Limnohabitans sp. strain T6-5 (thin, long, curved rod), and Limnohabitans sp. strain 2KL-3 (large solenoid). Using temporal sampling and prey treatment, we determined HNF growth parameters such as doubling time, growth efficiency, and length of lag phase prior starting to exponential growth. All three Limnohabitans strains supported HNF growth but in significant prey-, site-, and season-dependent fashions. For instance, addition of the moderately large T6-5 strain yielded very rapid HNF growth with a short lag phase. In contrast, the curved morphology and larger cell size of strain 2KL-3 made this prey somewhat protected against grazing by smaller HNF, resulting in slower HNF growth and longer lag phases. These trends were particularly pronounced during the late May clear-water phase, which was dominated by smaller HNF cells. This may indicate a longer “adaptation time” for the flagellate communities toward the large prey size offered.
SUBSURFACE CIRCULATIONS WITHIN ACTIVE REGIONS

Using high-resolution ring analysis, we deduce subsurface flows within magnetic active regions and within the quiet Sun. With this procedure, we are capable of measuring flows with a horizontal spatial resolution of 2° in heliographic angle (or roughly 20 Mm). From the resulting flow fields we deduce mean inflow rates into active regions, mean circulation speeds around active regions, and probability density functions (PDFs) of properties of the flow field. These analyses indicate that active regions have a zonal velocity that exceeds that of the quiet Sun at the same latitude by 20 m s−1, yet active regions advect poleward at the same rate as the quiet Sun. We also find that almost all active regions possess a mean inflow (20–30 m s−1) and a cyclonic circulation (≈5 m s−1) at their peripheries, whereas their cores, where the sunspots are located, are zones of strong anticyclonic outflow (≈50 m s−1). From the PDFs, we find that active regions modify the structure of convection with a scale greater than that of supergranulation. Instead of possessing an asymmetry between inflows and outflows (with a larger percentage of the surface occupied by outflows), as is seen in the quiet Sun, active regions possess symmetric distributions.
The Controversy over GM Canola in Australia as an Ontological Politics

In this paper I examine the controversy over genetically modified canola (GM canola) in Australia as an ontological politics, drawing on recent work in Science and Technology Studies that extends actor-network theory and its commitment to the contingency of reality. I examine three different and overlapping performances of GM canola: as an agronomic object, a risk object and a market object. I focus on how each performance effects similarities and differences between GM and conventional canola that are productive of ontological distinctions that make GM canola controversial. I argue this analysis offers useful insights that are not revealed by more traditional explanations of controversy.