Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The assessment of adverse events in hospitals in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence of adverse events in Brazilian hospitals. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study based on patient record review. SETTING Three teaching hospitals in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Random sample (1103) of 27 350 adult patients admitted in 2003. Patients under 18 years old, psychiatric patients and patients whose length of stay was less than 24 hr were excluded, and obstetric cases were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Incidence of patients with adverse events; proportion of preventable adverse events; number of adverse events per 100 patients and incidence density of adverse events per 100 patient-days. RESULTS The incidence of patients with adverse events was 7.6% (84 of 1103 patients). The overall proportion of preventable adverse events was 66.7% (56 of 84 patients). The incidence density was 0.8 adverse events per 100 patient-days (103 of 13,563 patient-days). The patient's ward was the most frequent location of adverse events (48.5%). In regard to classification, surgical adverse events were the most frequent ones (35.2%). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of patients with adverse events at the three hospitals was similar to that in international studies. However, the proportion of preventable adverse events was much higher in the Brazilian hospitals.
KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KUALITAS LAYANAN SOPIR JIP DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL BROMO TENGGER SEMERU

1024x768 Penelitian ini adalah usaha untuk melihat bagaimana efek dari kepuasan kerja terhadap kualitas layanan pada sopir jip di kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru. Desain yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian kuantitatif. Jumlah subjek 146 sopir jip di kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dalam bentuk skala Likert . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa data korelasi product moment . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kepuasan kerja dan kualitas pelayanan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r = 0,155 ; p = 0,062) dengan sumbangan nilai efektif sebesar 2,4 % Hal ini berarti dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungannya tidak signifikan. Kata kunci : Kepuasan kerja, kualitas layanan, sopir jip This research is an attempt to see how the effects of job satisfaction on service quality on jeep driver in the region Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park . The design used was a quantitative research design . Number of subjects 146 jeep driver in the region Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park using purposive sampling technique . Instrument data collection using a questionnaire in the form of Likert scale . This study uses data analysis product moment correlation . The results show there is a relationship between job satisfaction and quality of service to the value of the correlation coefficient ( r = 0.155 , p = 0.062 ) with the contribution of the effective value of 2.4 %. This means it can be concluded that the relationship was not significant . Keywords : Service quality, job satisfaction, jeep driver Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Measuring Executive Functions in Female Delinquents Using the Cognitive Assessment System

ABSTRACT Executive functions in 100 incarcerated adolescent female offenders were examined using the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS). As hypothesized, mean scores for the sample were significantly lower than norms on measures of Planning and Successive Processing. Contrary to our hypothesis, the Attention mean did not differ significantly from the normative data. The Simultaneous mean was also significantly lower than norms although no hypothesis had been made and only a small effect size was noted. These findings suggest that incarcerated delinquent females can be differentiated from non-delinquent females on the basis of specific neuropsychological deficits in much the same way that male delinquents can be differentiated from non-delinquent males.
Nitric oxide production in critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE: To measure serum nitrite and nitrate levels in critically ill children as indicators of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production. HYPOTHESIS: Endogenous NO production is increased in children with conditions characterised by immune stimulation. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study in a multidisciplinary paediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: 137 consecutive critically ill children with a variety of clinical conditions. INTERVENTIONS: Using a rapid microtitre plate technique, daily serum nitrite and nitrate levels were measured from serum samples that remained in the clinical laboratory after daily routine phlebotomy. Clinical and laboratory information was also gathered daily for each patient. RESULTS: The maximum serum nitrite plus nitrate levels (microM) reached by children with infection (41.8 (SD 18.1)), sepsis syndrome (85.1 (39.9)), shock without sepsis (36.4 (19.1)), transplantation alone (61.0 (43.4)), transplantation with sepsis (200.7 (150.5)), or rejection (161.7 (70.4)), were higher than in controls (18.1 (9.3)). In the absence of exogenous NO donors, levels greater than 80 microM were reached only in children with the sepsis syndrome, organ transplantation, or acute rejection. CONCLUSIONS: Increased endogenous NO production occurs in children with clinical conditions associated with immune stimulation. Further investigation is warranted to determine the value of this simple and rapid test as a clinically useful diagnostic tool and therapeutic monitor in the evaluation of children at risk for the sepsis syndrome or acute allograft rejection.
Myotonic dystrophy: practical issues relating to assessment of strength

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a slowly progressive multisystem disease in which skeletal muscle involvement is prominent. As novel physical and pharmacological treatments become available, it is crucial to be able to measure their efficacy accurately. Methods: 158 consecutive patients with myotonic dystrophy were assessed annually in a specialist muscle clinic. Strength was measured using both the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale and a hand-held dynamometer. Dynamometer readings were obtained from 108 normal subjects (controls). Results: The movements showing the greatest rate of change in strength were ankle dorsiflexion and pinch grip. Both of these showed a decline of only 0.06 points/year on the MRC scale. Using a hand-held dynamometer, a change in strength of 1.18 kgN/year for women and 1.61 kgN/year for men was detected. Conclusions: The MRC scale is unsuitable for detecting the small changes in strength seen in a slowly progressive disease such as myotonic dystrophy. Dynamometry provides a simple alternative that can give meaningful data over the duration of a typical clinical trial.
Numerical and experimental investigation of subwavelength propagation of electromagnetic energy along a bare row of SRR inclusions

It is known that one of the possible interpretations of counter-intuitive subwavelength guiding of electromagnetic energy in a waveguide filled with SRR-like inclusions deals with the backward-wave propagation in continuous anisotropic MNG metamaterial. However, it has been also noted that the backward-wave propagation is possible along a bare SRR slab with the subwavelength thickness. Here, this phenomenon is investigated by two-dimensional scanning of the magnetic field in the vicinity of a bare chain of SRRs at the frequency of 450 MHz. The results of the measurements are compared with the results obtained with a full-wave simulation. Both experimental and numerical results show that is indeed possible to guide the electromagnetic energy in the form of slow backward surface waves that are tightly confined (within one tenth of the wavelength) to a chain of SRRs.
Human Emotions: An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective

Evolutionary approaches to the emotions have traditionally focused on a subset of emotions that are shared with other species, characterized by distinct signals, and designed to solve a few key adaptive problems. By contrast, an evolutionary psychological approach (a) broadens the range of adaptive problems emotions have evolved to solve, (b) includes emotions that lack distinctive signals and are unique to humans, and (c) synthesizes an evolutionary approach with an information-processing perspective. On this view, emotions are superordinate mechanisms that evolved to coordinate the activity of other programs in the solution of adaptive problems. We illustrate the heuristic value of this approach by furnishing novel hypotheses for disgust and sexual arousal and highlighting unexplored areas of research.
The discourse of resistance: Social change and policing in Northern Ireland

Modern social theory highlights the role of language in social change/reproduction, yet rarely draws on actual linguistic resources or theory. Equally, sociolinguistics situates linguistic practice within the social domain, but only weakly makes links to social theory. Using a linguistic analysis of policing discourses in Northern Ireland, this article considers how such analyses can both inform and be informed by broader social theories. Policing is a contentious issue for nationalists, and despite recent reforms, many continue to regard the (new) police force with suspicion. Data from nationalist women in Belfast are used to explore the thematic frameworks and interactional/pragmatic strategies (pragmatic blocking) through which the speakers jointly produce a “discourse of resistance,” effectively blocking acceptance of the new service. The analysis is discussed in relation to theories of social change (with particular reference to Bourdieu's habitus). Considered are implications for sociolinguistics, social theory, and policing policy in Northern Ireland.This article derives from an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded study (Award No. RES 00-22-0257).
Catching Up: Gender values at a Canadian independent school for girls, 1978-93

Many studies over the past decade have examined the adverse ways in which gender differences inculcated by educational institutions have shaped girls' lives. This article begins by identifying the negative effects that traditional gender norms still have on even privileged young women who study in single-sex environments designed to foster their education and personal development. It goes on to examine the transformation over 15 years of the gender values at a Canadian independent school for girls and their effect on the students and the school structures. The article concludes that despite the progress in breaking down destructive gender divisions made by individual girls' schools, the gender-stereotyped realities of the outside world continue to influence the school environment and the students' thinking. Single-sex schooling for girls, therefore, becomes an even more important antidote to our society's tradition of gender bias.
Social evaluation-induced amylase elevation and economic decision-making in the dictator game in humans.

OBJECTIVE Little is known regarding the relationship between social evaluation-induced neuroendocrine responses and generosity in game-theoretic situations. Previous studies demonstrated that reputation formation plays a pivotal role in prosocial behavior. This study aimed to examine the relationships between a social evaluation-induced salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) response and generosity in the dictator game. The relationship is potentially important in neuroeconomics of altruism and game theory. METHODS We assessed sAA and allocated money in the dictator game in male students with and without social evaluation. RESULTS Social evaluation-responders allocated significantly more money than controls; while there was no significant correlation between social evaluation-induced sAA elevation and the allocated money. CONCLUSIONS Social evaluation significantly increases generosity in the dictator game, and individual differences in trait characteristics such as altruism and reward sensitivity may be important determinants of generosity in the dictator game task.
Dystrophin expression in muscles of mdx mice after adenovirus-mediated in vivo gene transfer.

We have generated high-titer adenoviral recombinants (AVR) expressing a 6.3-kb partial dystrophin cDNA insert under the control of either the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. These AVR preparations were free of both E1-containing AVR and AVR with a nonfunctional dystrophin expression cassette. With these optimal AVR preparations, we have obtained a high degree of short-term (10 days) expression of a truncated (approximately 200 kD) dystrophin in dystrophin-deficient mdx muscles injected in the neonatal period; a lesser degree of expression of dystrophin was found in muscles injected in the young adult age and in old animals. Microscopic indices of muscle damage revealed that the truncated dystrophin provided a significant protection of the transduced muscle fibers. However, by 60 days post-injection, a substantial reduction of the number of dystrophin-positive fibers was noted, even in the neonatally injected muscles, and near-total elimination of dystrophin-positive fibers occurred in muscles injected in the adult age. These effects appeared to be brought about by the activity of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against the transduced cells, leading to their eventual elimination. In severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, lacking both humoral and cellular immune competence, muscles transduced (either in the neonatal or adult age) by AVR containing a CMV-LacZ expression cassette maintained the early (10 day) transduction level up to 30 days post-injection. Systemic administration of AVR (i.e., into the left ventricle of the heart) led in 5 days to a high number of dystrophin-positive fibers in heart, diaphragm, and intercostal muscles but not in limb muscles.
A global scale mechanistic model of photosynthetic capacity (LUNA V1.0)

Abstract. Although plant photosynthetic capacity as determined by the maximum carboxylation rate (i.e., Vc, max25) and the maximum electron transport rate (i.e., Jmax25) at a reference temperature (generally 25 °C) is known to vary considerably in space and time in response to environmental conditions, it is typically parameterized in Earth system models (ESMs) with tabulated values associated with plant functional types. In this study, we have developed a mechanistic model of leaf utilization of nitrogen for assimilation (LUNA) to predict photosynthetic capacity at the global scale under different environmental conditions. We adopt an optimality hypothesis to nitrogen allocation among light capture, electron transport, carboxylation and respiration. The LUNA model is able to reasonably capture the measured spatial and temporal patterns of photosynthetic capacity as it explains ∼ 55 % of the global variation in observed values of Vc, max25 and ∼ 65 % of the variation in the observed values of Jmax25. Model simulations with LUNA under current and future climate conditions demonstrate that modeled values of Vc, max25 are most affected in high-latitude regions under future climates. ESMs that relate the values of Vc, max25 or Jmax25 to plant functional types only are likely to substantially overestimate future global photosynthesis.
Does Creative Drama Promote Language Development in Early Childhood? A Review of the Methods and Measures Employed in the Empirical Literature

This systematic review of the literature synthesizes research from a number of disciplines and provides a succinct distillation of the methods and measures used to study the impact of creative drama on the language development of young children. An analysis of the merits and limitations of the reviewed studies reveals a number of methodological problems that threaten the validity, reliability, and credibility of drama research. Recommendations on how to limit these threats are offered. These recommendations can potentially help researchers design more rigorous studies that are better able to guide educators’ and administrators’ decisions about the inclusion of creative drama in early childhood curricula.
Emotional state and the detection of change in facial expression of emotion

A new method is presented for examining effects of emotion in the detection of change in facial expression of emotion. The method was used in one experiment, reported here. Participants who were induced to feel happiness, sadness, or neutral emotion, saw computerized 100-frame movies in which the first frame always showed a face expressing a specific emotion (e.g. happiness). The facial expression gradually became neutral over the course of the movie. Participants played the movie, changing the facial expression, and indicated the frame at which the initial expression was no longer present on the face. Emotion congruent expressions were perceived to persist longer than were emotion incongruent expressions. The findings are consistent with previous findings documenting enhanced perceptual processing of emotion congruent information. The value of the current technique, and the types of everyday situations that it might model are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Análise espectrográfica da voz: efeito do treinamento visual na confiabilidade da avaliação

OBJETIVO: Verificar se o treinamento visual melhora a concordância inter e intra-avaliadores da interpretacao da analise acustica espectrografica. METODOS: Trata-se de um estudo experimental longitudinal que utilizou espectrogramas coletados em um banco de dados de consultorio particular, referentes a vozes de homens e mulheres analisadas pelo programa Gram 5.0 em escala de 60 dB, em display scroll, paleta BW, com analise de frequencias em escala linear, banda estreita, FFT 1024 e resolucao 5.4 Hz. Vinte sujeitos, estudantes de Fonoaudiologia, avaliaram 25 espectrogramas, sendo cinco destes repetidos para avaliar a concordância intra-sujeitos, antes e apos um treinamento de analise de espectrogramas. Os parâmetros analisados foram: forma do tracado espectrografico, grau de escurecimento dos harmonicos, estabilidade do tracado espectrografico, presenca de ruido, presenca de sub-harmonicos e definicao dos harmonicos. O treinamento teve a duracao total de quatro horas. Utilizou-se a estatistica Kappa para avaliar a concordância intrassujeitos e o teste Qui-quadrado de ajuste para a concordância intersujeitos. RESULTADOS: Em relacao a concordância intra-sujeitos, os aspectos escurecimento do tracado, estabilidade do tracado, presenca de sub-harmonicos, e definicao de harmonicos obtiveram melhora desta e os demais aspectos mantiveram concordância quase perfeita depois do treinamento. Quanto a concordância intersujeitos, os aspectos de estabilidade do tracado e presenca de sub-harmonicos obtiveram melhora, e o aspecto presenca de ruido obteve piora apos o treinamento. CONCLUSAO: O treinamento visual melhorou a confiabilidade inter e intra-avaliadores na interpretacao de espectrogramas.
Active mitigation of nonlinear noise Processes using a novel filtered-s LMS algorithm

In many practical applications the acoustic noise generated from dynamical systems is nonlinear and deterministic or stochastic, colored, and non-Gaussian. It has been reported that the linear techniques used to control such noise exhibit degradation in performance. In addition, the actuators of an active noise control (ANC) system very often have nonminimum-phase response. A linear controller under such situations can not model the inverse of the actuator, and hence yields poor performance. A novel filtered-s least mean square (FSLMS) algorithm based ANC structure, which functions as a nonlinear controller, is proposed in this paper. A fast implementation scheme of the FSLMS algorithm is also presented. Computer simulations have been carried out to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the standard filtered-x least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm and even performs better than the recently proposed Volterra filtered-x least mean square (VFXLMS) algorithm, in terms of mean square error (MSE), for active control of nonlinear noise processes. An evaluation of the computational requirements shows that the FSLMS algorithm offers a computational advantage over VFXLMS when the secondary path estimate is of length less than 6. However, the fast implementation of the FSLMS algorithm substantially reduces the number of operations compared to that of FSLMS as well as VFXLMS algorithm.
Assessing the reliability of textbook data in syntax: Adger's Core Syntax1

There has been a consistent pattern of criticism of the reliability of acceptability judgment data in syntax for at least 50 years (e.g., Hill 1961), culminating in several high-profile criticisms within the past ten years (Edelman & Christiansen 2003, Ferreira 2005, Wasow & Arnold 2005, Gibson & Fedorenko 2010, in press). The fundamental claim of these critics is that traditional acceptability judgment collection methods, which tend to be relatively informal compared to methods from experimental psychology, lead to an intolerably high number of false positive results. In this paper we empirically assess this claim by formally testing all 469 (unique, US-English) data points from a popular syntax textbook (Adger 2003) using 440 naïve participants, two judgment tasks (magnitude estimation and yes–no), and three different types of statistical analyses (standard frequentist tests, linear mixed effects models, and Bayes factor analyses). The results suggest that the maximum discrepancy between traditional methods and formal experimental methods is 2%. This suggests that even under the (likely unwarranted) assumption that the discrepant results are all false positives that have found their way into the syntactic literature due to the shortcomings of traditional methods, the minimum replication rate of these 469 data points is 98%. We discuss the implications of these results for questions about the reliability of syntactic data, as well as the practical consequences of these results for the methodological options available to syntacticians.