Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control Design Guidelines for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters With Damped Resonant Harmonic Compensators

The injection of low-harmonic current to the electrical grid is nowadays regulated by international standards. In order to accomplish these standards, selective harmonic compensation is carried out in grid-connected photovoltaic inverters by means of resonant harmonic compensators. This paper gives a systematic design procedure for selecting the gains and parameters of these harmonic compensators. Other factors considered in the design process include frequency deviation, grid synchronization, and transient response. Both a design example meeting the requirements of grid interconnection and selected experimental results from a digital-signal-processor-based laboratory prototype are also reported.
Blue light-induced immunosuppression in Bactrocera dorsalis adults, as a carryover effect of larval exposure

Abstract Detrimental effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on living organisms are well understood, little is known about the effects of blue light irradiation. Although a recent study revealed that blue light caused more harmful effects on insects than UV light and blue light irradiation killed insect pests of various orders including Diptera, the effects of blue light on physiology of insects are still largely unknown. Here we studied the effects of blue light irradiation on cuticular melanin in larval and the immune response in adult stage of Bactrocera dorsalis. We also evaluated the effects of blue light exposure in larval stage on various age and mass at metamorphosis and the mediatory role of cuticular melanin in carryover effects of larval stressors across metamorphosis. We found that larvae exposed to blue light decreased melanin contents in their exoskeleton with smaller mass and delayed metamorphosis than insects reared without blue light exposure. Across metamorphosis, lower melanotic encapsulation response and higher susceptibility to Beauveria bassiana was detected in adults that had been exposed to blue light at their larval stage, thereby constituting the first evidence that blue light impaired adult immune function in B. dorsalis as a carryover effect of larval exposure.
Birmingham COPD Cohort: a cross-sectional analysis of the factors associated with the likelihood of being in paid employment among people with COPD

Background Employment rates among those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are lower than those without COPD, but little is known about the factors that affect COPD patients’ ability to work. Methods Multivariable analysis of the Birmingham COPD Cohort Study baseline data was used to assess the associations between lifestyle, clinical, and occupational characteristics and likelihood of being in paid employment among working-age COPD patients. Results In total, 608 of 1,889 COPD participants were of working age, of whom 248 (40.8%) were in work. Older age (60–64 years vs 30–49 years: odds ratio [OR] =0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.12–0.65), lower educational level (no formal qualification vs degree/higher level: OR =0.43; 95% CI =0.19–0.97), poorer prognostic score (highest vs lowest quartile of modified body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise (BODE) score: OR =0.10; 95% CI =0.03–0.33), and history of high occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dusts, or fumes (VGDF; high VGDF vs no VGDF exposure: OR =0.32; 95% CI =0.12–0.85) were associated with a lower probability of being employed. Only the degree of breathlessness of BODE was significantly associated with employment. Conclusion This is the first study to comprehensively assess the characteristics associated with employment in a community sample of people with COPD. Future interventions should focus on managing breathlessness and reducing occupational exposures to VGDF to improve the work capability among those with COPD.
Analyses of Aggregate Fluctuation of Firm Network Based on Self-Organized Criticality Model and Control Theory

This study examines the difference in the size of avalanches among industries triggered by demand shocks, which can be rephrased by control of the economy or fiscal policy, and by using the production-inventory model and observed data. In addition, we investigate how differently demand shocks affect each firm by using control theory that utilizes network topology. We obtain the following results. (1) The size of avalanches follows power law. (2) The mean sizes of avalanches for industries are diverse, but their standard deviations highly overlap. (3) We compare the simulation with an input-output table and with the actual policies and find them to be compatible. (4) The expectations about becoming involved in avalanches are diverse and depend on the industries. (5) It is difficult for service industries and small firms to be affected by the control. On the other hand, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale industries are strongly affected by the control. (6) If we clip a network in descending order of capital size, we do not lose the control effect.
Spatiotemporal variations and abrupt changes of potential evapotranspiration and its sensitivity to key meteorological variables in the Wei River basin, China

Evapotranspiration is an important component of hydrological cycle and a key input to hydrological models. Therefore, analysis of the spatiotemporal variation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) will help a better understanding of climate change and its effect on hydrological cycle and water resources. In this study, the Penman–Monteith method was used to estimate PET in the Wei River basin (WRB) in China based on daily data at 21 meteorological stations during 1959–2008. Spatial distribution and temporal trends of annual and seasonal PET were analysed by using the Spline interpolation method and the Mann–Kendall test method. Abrupt changes were detected by using the Pettitt test method. In order to explore the contribution of key meteorological variables to the variation of PET, the sensitivity coefficients method was employed in this study. The results showed that: (1) mean annual and seasonal PET in the WRB was generally decreasing from northeast to southwest. Summer and spring made the major contributions to the annual values; (2) annual and seasonal PET series in most part of the WRB exhibited increasing trends; (3) abrupt changes appeared in 1993 for annual and spring PET series for the entire basin, while summer value series was detected in the late 1970s. (4) Relative humidity was the most sensitive variable for PET in general for the WRB, followed by wind speed, air temperature and solar radiation. In the headwater and outlet of the WRB, relative humidity and air temperature were the most sensitive variables to PET, while relative humidity and wind speed were more influential in most part of the middle‐lower region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Importance of Symbol-Formation in the Development of the Ego

My argument in this paper is based on the assumption that there is an early stage of mental development at which sadism becomes active at all the various sources of libidinal pleasure. In my experience sadism reaches its zenith in this phase, which is ushered in by the oral-sadistic desire to devour the mother's breast (or the mother herself) and passes away with the earlier anal stage. At the period of which I am speaking, the subject's dominant aim is to possess himself of the contents of the mother's body and to destroy her by means of every weapon which sadism can command. At the same time this phase forms the introduction to the Oedipus conflict. The genital is beginning to exercise an influence, but this is as yet not evident, for the pregenital impulses hold the field. My whole argument depends on the fact that the Oedipus conflict begins at a period when sadism predominates. The child expects to find within the mother (a) the father's penis, (b) excrement, and (c) children, and these things it equates with edible substances. According to the child's earliest phantasies (or 'sexual theories') of parental coitus, the father's penis (or his whole body) becomes incorporated in the mother during the act. Thus the child's sadistic attacks have for their object both father and mother, who are in phantasy bitten, torn, cut or stamped to bits. The attacks give rise to anxiety lest the subject should be punished by the united parents, and this anxiety also becomes internalized in consequence of the oral-sadistic introjection of the objects and is thus already directed towards the budding super-ego. I have found these anxiety-situations of the early phases of mental development to be the most profound and overwhelming. It is my experience that in the phantasied attack on the mother's body a considerable part is played by the urethral and anal sadism which is very soon added to the oral and muscular sadism. In phantasy the excreta are transformed into dangerous weapons: wetting
Design of an embedded system with modified contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization technique for real-time image enhancement

As automate system is an efficient one, that also decreases the malfunctions and error. Industries have more demand to adopt such systems. To enhance this capability image processing based system has a major role. Designing an embedded system with these facilities is difficult and challenging task. Interfacing of such systems should be simple so that the system is user friendly. To develop this system with various facilities, this piece of work has been attempted. Histogram equalization (HE) is a popular technique for contrast enhancement of images whereas contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is another method. However, both methods show unnatural results for images with large background. In order to improve this drawback a new method, known as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization with variable enhancement degree (CLAHEwVED) is introduce which gives better result as compared to Histogram equalization with variable enhancement degree (HEwVED) technique targeted to an embedded platform. The enhancement degree of CLAHEwVED and HEwVED is controlled by one parameter. The work is developed in Raspberry pi development board. The result of the process is fully automated without any user intervention.
Six end-stage renal disease patients benefited from first non-simultaneous single center 6-way kidney exchange transplantation in India

AIM To avoid desensitization protocols and ABO incompatible kidney transplantation (KT) due to high costs and increased risk of infections from intense immunosuppression. METHODS We present institutional ethical review board - approved study of single center 6-way kidney exchange transplantation. The participants comprised ABO incompatibility (n = 1); positive cross-match and/or presence of donor specific antibody (n = 5). The average time required from registration in kidney paired donation (KPD) registry to find suitable donors was 45 d and time required to perform transplants after legal permission was 2 mo. RESULTS Graft and patient survival were 100%, and 100%, respectively. One patient had biopsy-proven acute borderline T cell rejection (Banff update 2013, type 3). Mean serum creatinine was 0.8 mg/dL at 9 mo follow-up. The waiting time in KPD was short as compared to deceased donor KT. CONCLUSION We report first non-simultaneous, single center, 6-way kidney exchange transplantation from India. Our experience will encourage other centers in India to undertake this practice.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to evidence-based dentistry among dental students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Aim: Evidence-based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral health that requires the application and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient's oral health and his priorities. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental students of Isfahan about EBD. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 168 dental students in 3 final years of their education who engaged in clinical practice by consensus sampling were recruited. For data collection, a validated questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was consisted of demographic questions and some questions about four issues: Knowledge of self-assess (KSA), evidence-based practice, actual knowledge and attitude about EBD. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and linear regression with SPSS 16. Results: One hundred and thirty-six students from 168 students were filled the questionnaire. The mean of KSA was 13 ± 4.3, mean of usage of useful references in EBD was 16.9 ± 7.6. One-third of students were studied their last article in last 6 months before. The mean of actual knowledge and attitude was 7.4 ± 2.3 and 24 ± 3.8, respectively. The relation between 4 main issues was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: By considering overall interest and positive attitude toward learning EBD in dental students, it is highly recommended that practical educational courses about EBD be planned by dental faculties.
Mapping Food Deserts in the U.S.

A M B E R W A V E S Some low-income communities in the United States lack stores that sell healthy and affordable food. The lack of store access in these communities—sometimes called food deserts—may contribute to poor diet, obesity, and other diet-related illness. The U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Treasury, and Health and Human Services (HHS) are bringing together resources and expertise to support sustainable projects and strategies to eliminate food deserts. Private companies, local and tribal governments, and nonprofit organizations will be able to apply for Federal funds from these three Departments to implement strategies to increase access to healthy, affordable foods (www.apps.ams.usda. gov/fooddeserts/). In support of these efforts, ERS analysts developed the Food Desert Locator—a mapping tool that presents a spatial overview of where food deserts are located and provides selected characteristics of the populations that live in them. The Food Desert Locator complements ERS’s Food Environment Atlas (www.ers.usda.gov/foodatlas/), which provides countyand State-level statistics on over 100 indicators of food choices, health and well-being, and community characteristics for all counties in the United States.
High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Loss

The effect of regular aerobic exercise on body fat is negligible; however, other forms of exercise may have a greater impact on body composition. For example, emerging research examining high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) indicates that it may be more effective at reducing subcutaneous and abdominal body fat than other types of exercise. The mechanisms underlying the fat reduction induced by HIIE, however, are undetermined. Regular HIIE has been shown to significantly increase both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. HIIE also significantly lowers insulin resistance and results in a number of skeletal muscle adaptations that result in enhanced skeletal muscle fat oxidation and improved glucose tolerance. This review summarizes the results of HIIE studies on fat loss, fitness, insulin resistance, and skeletal muscle. Possible mechanisms underlying HIIE-induced fat loss and implications for the use of HIIE in the treatment and prevention of obesity are also discussed.
Robustness and Performance of Adaptive Suppression of Unknown Periodic Disturbances

In recent years, a class of adaptive schemes has been developed for suppressing periodic disturbance signals with unknown frequencies, phases, and amplitudes. The stability and robustness of these schemes with respect to inevitable unmodeled dynamics and noise disturbances in the absence of persistently exciting signals has not been established despite successful simulation results and implementations. The purpose of this technical note is to propose a robust adaptive scheme for rejection of unknown periodic components of the disturbance and analyze its stability and performance properties. First, we consider the ideal case (non-adaptive) when complete information about the characteristics of the disturbance is available. We show that the rejection of periodic terms may lead to amplification of output noise and in some cases lead to a worse output performance. The way to avoid such undesirable noise amplification is to increase the size of the feedback control filter in order to have the flexibility to achieve rejection of the periodic disturbance terms while minimizing the effect of the noise on the output. The increased filter order leads to an over-parameterized scheme where persistence of excitation is no longer possible, and this shortcoming makes the use of robust adaptation essential. With this important insight in mind, the coefficients of the feedback filter whose size is over parameterized are adapted using a robust adaptive law. We show analytically that the proposed robust adaptive control scheme guarantees stability, performance and robustness with respect to unmodeled dynamics and bounded broadband noise disturbances. We use numerical simulations to demonstrate the results.
Consensus Guidelines for CSF and Blood Biobanking for CNS Biomarker Studies

There is a long history of research into body fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. However, only a few biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are being used in clinical practice. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in serum are currently useful for the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), but we could expect novel CSF biomarkers that help define prognosis and response to treatment for this disease. One of the most critical factors in biomarker research is the inadequate powering of studies performed by single centers. Collaboration between investigators is needed to establish large biobanks of well-defined samples. A key issue in collaboration is to establish standardized protocols for biobanking to ensure that the statistical power gained by increasing the numbers of CSF samples is not compromised by pre-analytical factors. Here, consensus guidelines for CSF collection and biobanking are presented, based on the guidelines that have been published by the BioMS-eu network for CSF biomarker research. We focussed on CSF collection procedures, pre-analytical factors and high quality clinical and paraclinical information. Importantly, the biobanking protocols are applicable for CSF biobanks for research targeting any neurological disease.
Survey on Recent Advances in Networked Control Systems

Networked control systems (NCSs) are systems whose control loops are closed through communication networks such that both control signals and feedback signals can be exchanged among system components (sensors, controllers, actuators, and so on). NCSs have a broad range of applications in areas such as industrial control and signal processing. This survey provides an overview on the theoretical development of NCSs. In-depth analysis and discussion is made on sampled-data control, networked control, and event-triggered control. More specifically, existing research methods on NCSs are summarized. Furthermore, as an active research topic, network-based filtering is reviewed briefly. Finally, some challenging problems are presented to direct the future research.
Improvements in land surface temperature retrieval based on atmospheric water vapour content and atmospheric temperature

Three methods are currently used to retrieve land surface temperatures (LSTs) from thermal infrared data supplied by the Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensors: the radiative transfer equation, mono-window, and generalized single-channel algorithms. Most retrieval results obtained using these three methods have an average error of more than 1 K. But if the regional mean atmospheric water vapour content and temperature are supplied by in situ radiosounding observations, the mono-window algorithm is able to provide better results, with a mean error of 0.5 K. However, there are no in situ radiosounding data for most regions. This article provides an improved method to retrieve LST from Landsat TM and ETM+ data using atmospheric water vapour content and atmospheric temperature, which can be obtained from remote-sensing data. The atmospheric water vapour content at the pixel scale was first calculated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The emissivities of various land covers and uses were then defined by Landsat TM or ETM+ data. In addition, the temperature–vegetation index method was applied to map area-wide instantaneous near-surface air temperatures. The parameters of mean atmospheric water vapour content and temperature and land surface emissivity were finally inputted to the mono-window algorithm to improve the LST retrieval precision. Our results indicate that this improved mono-window algorithm gave a significantly better retrieval of the estimated LST than that using the standard mono-window algorithm, not only in dry and elevated mountain regions but also in humid regions, as shown by the bias, standard deviation (σ), and root mean square deviation (RMSD). In Madoi County, the improved mono-window algorithm validated against the LST values measured in situ produced a bias and RMSD of –0.63 K and 0.91 K, respectively, compared with the mono-window algorithm’s bias and RMSD of –1.08 K and 1.27 K. Validated against the radiance-based method, the improved algorithm shows bias and RMSD values of –1.08 K and 1.27 K, respectively, compared with the initial algorithm’s bias and RMSD –1.65 K and 1.75 K. Additionally, the improved mono-window algorithm also appeared to be more accurate than the mono-window algorithm, with lower error values when validated against in situ measurement and the radiance-based method in the validation area in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, China. Remarkable LST accuracy improvements are shown by the improved mono-window algorithm, with better agreement not only with the in situ measurements but also with the simulated LSTs in the two validation areas, indicating the soundness and suitability of this method.
Fault tolerant ship propulsion control: Sensor fault detection using a nonlinear observer

This paper studies fault tolerant control (FTC) for the ship-propulsion benchmark problem. Fault detection and isolation (FDI) methods have been presented during the past decade. Often, observer schemes were applied for linear or linearized systems. In this paper the FDI problem is solved using nonlinear observers, so that the system does not have to be linearized. The nonlinear observer is applied to a subsystem of the ship propulsion benchmark problem.
Pluripotency Genes and Their Functions in the Normal and Aberrant Breast and Brain

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) attracted considerable interest with the successful isolation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from the inner cell mass of murine, primate and human embryos. Whilst it was initially thought that the only PSCs were ESCs, in more recent years cells with similar properties have been isolated from organs of the adult, including the breast and brain. Adult PSCs in these organs have been suggested to be remnants of embryonic development that facilitate normal tissue homeostasis during repair and regeneration. They share certain characteristics with ESCs, such as an inherent capacity to self-renew and differentiate into cells of the three germ layers, properties that are regulated by master pluripotency transcription factors (TFs) OCT4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4), SOX2 (sex determining region Y-box 2), and homeobox protein NANOG. Aberrant expression of these TFs can be oncogenic resulting in heterogeneous tumours fueled by cancer stem cells (CSC), which are resistant to conventional treatments and are associated with tumour recurrence post-treatment. Further to enriching our understanding of the role of pluripotency TFs in normal tissue function, research now aims to develop optimized isolation and propagation methods for normal adult PSCs and CSCs for the purposes of regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and disease modeling aimed at targeted personalised cancer therapies.