Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inﬂuence of Calcium and Phosphorus, Lactose, and Salt-to-Moisture Ratio on Cheddar Cheese Quality: Proteolysis During Ripening

Proteolysis in cheese is inﬂuenced by the state of proteins (protein–calcium–phosphate interactions), level of indigenous milk enzymes (plasmin), externally added milk-clotting enzymes (chymosin), and endogenous and exogenous enzymes from starter and non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB). The objective of this study was to determine how different levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), residual lactose, and salt-to-moisture ratio (S/M) in cheese inﬂuence proteolysis during ripening. Eight cheeses with 2 levels of Ca and P (0.67 and 0.47% vs. 0.53 and 0.39%, respectively), 2 levels of lactose at pressing (2.4 vs. 0.78%), and 2 levels of S/M (6.4 vs. 4.8%) were manufactured. The cheeses were analyzed for changes in pH 4.6-soluble N, and starter and NSLAB counts during 48 wk of ripening. Cheeses at d 1 were also analyzed for residual chymosin, plasmin, and plasminogen activity. A signiﬁcant increase in soluble N was observed during rip-ening for all the treatments. Cheeses with low Ca and P, low lactose, and low S/M treatments exhibited higher levels of proteolysis as compared to their corresponding high treatments. Differences in the rate of proteolysis for cheeses with different levels of Ca and P might be due to changes in protein conformation and differences in residual chymosin in the cheeses. Cheeses with low Ca and P were manufactured by lowering the pH at set and drain, which led to higher chymosin retention in cheeses with low Ca and P compared with high Ca and P. Differences in proteolysis between treatments with different levels of lactose were also partly attributed to residual chymosin activity. In all treatments, a major fraction of plasmin existed as plasminogen, indicating minimal contribution of plasmin to proteolysis in Ched-dar cheeses. The number of starter bacteria, in all treatments, decreased signiﬁcantly during ripening. However, the decrease was larger in the case of high S/M treatments compared with low S/M treatments.
Effect of heterotrophic growth on autotrophic nitrogen removal in a granular sludge reactor

This study deals with the influence of heterotrophic growth on autotrophic nitrogen removal from wastewater in a granular sludge reactor. A mathematical model was set-up including autotrophic and heterotrophic growth and decay in the granules from a partial nitritation-anammox process. A distinction between heterotrophic bacteria was made based on the electron acceptor (dissolved oxygen, nitrite or nitrate) on which they grow, while the nitrogen gas produced was ‘labelled’ to retrieve its origin, from anammox or heterotrophic bacteria. Taking into account heterotrophic growth resulted in a lower initial nitrogen removal, but in a higher steady state nitrogen removal compared with a model in which heterotrophic growth was neglected. The anammox activity is related with the fact that heterotrophs initially use nitrite as electron acceptor, but when they switch to nitrate the produced nitrite can be used by anammox bacteria. Increased anammox activity in the presence of heterotrophs, therefore, resulted in a marginally increased N2 production at steady state. Heterotrophic denitrification of nitrate to nitrite also explains why small amounts of organic substrate present in the influent positively affect the maximum nitrogen removal capacity. However, the process efficiency deteriorates once the amount of organic substrate in the influent exceeds a certain threshold. The bulk oxygen concentration and the granule size have a dual effect on the autotrophic nitrogen removal efficiency. Besides, the maximum nitrogen removal efficiency decreases and the corresponding optimal bulk oxygen concentration increases with increasing granule size.
Association of exercise with lower long-term risk of olfactory impairment in older adults.

IMPORTANCE The prevalence of olfactory impairment is high in older adults, and this decline in olfactory ability may pose health and safety risks, affect nutrition, and decrease quality of life. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors to reduce the burden of olfactory impairment in aging populations. OBJECTIVE To determine if exercise is associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of olfactory impairment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Observational longitudinal population-based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Participants without olfactory impairment (n = 1611) were ages 53 to 97 years at baseline and were followed for up to 10 years (1998-2010). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Olfaction was measured with the San Diego Odor Identification Test at 3 examinations (1998-2000, 2003-2005, and 2009-2010) of the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. The main outcome was the incidence of olfactory impairment 5 (2003-2005) or 10 (2009-2010) years later and the association of baseline exercise with the long-term risk of developing olfactory impairment. RESULTS The 10-year cumulative incidence of olfactory impairment was 27.6% (95% CI, 25.3%-29.9%) and rates varied by age and sex; those who were older (hazard ratio [HR], 1.88 [95% CI, 1.74-2.03], for every 5 years) or male (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.00-1.61]) had an increased risk of olfactory impairment. Participants who reported exercising at least once a week long enough to work up a sweat had a decreased risk of olfactory impairment (age- and sex-adjusted HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.60-0.97]). Increasing frequency of exercise was associated with decreasing risk of developing olfactory impairment (P value for trend = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Regular exercise was associated with lower 10-year cumulative incidence of olfactory impairment. Older adults who exercise may be able to retain olfactory function with age.
Economic Effects of Industrial Automation in Aging Workforces

With the advent of rapid advances in medicine and technology, as well as declining fertility rates, the portion of older workers participating in the world’s greatest economies is increasing. The lessened physical and mental capabilities of older workers, as well as the dwindling number of young workers, can have adverse economic consequences if left unaddressed. Economists agree that this aging has caused an uptick in the implementation of industrial automation as part of an effort to combat these consequences, but its effectiveness in doing so remains a topic of debate. Some scholars argue that automation is able to overcompensate for the challenges caused by an aging workforce, resulting in a net positive gain for economic indicators like GDP per capita and labor productivity, while others contend that the efforts of automation alone are not enough to fully counter the adverse implications of aging. This paper attempts to gain a clearer idea of the extent to which automation alleviates the consequences of aging workforces by performing regressions of GDP per capita and labor productivity on the number of artificial intelligence patents per million people employed–which is used as a proxy for industrial automation–as well as the ratio of old workers to young workers. Ultimately, it is ascertained that industrial automation as measured by artificial intelligence patent data positively affects GDP per capita and labor productivity, albeit to a lesser extent in countries whose workforces are aging particularly quickly.
A framework of adaptive steganography resisting JPEG compression and detection

Current typical adaptive steganography algorithms take the detection resistant capability into account adequately but usually cannot extract the embedded secret messages correctly when stego images suffer from compression attack. In order to solve this problem, a framework of adaptive steganography resisting JPEG compression and detection is proposed. Utilizing the relationship between Discrete Cosine Transformation DCT coefficients, the domain of messages embedding is determined; for the maximum of the JPEG compression resistant ability, the modifying magnitude of different DCT coefficients caused by messages embedding can be determined; in order to ensure the completely correct extraction of embedded messages after JPEG compression, error correct codes are used to encode the messages to be embedded; on the basis of the current distortion functions, the distortion value of DCT coefficients corresponding to the modifying magnitude in the embedding domain can be calculated; to improve the detection resistant ability of the stego images and realize the minimum distortion embedding, syndrome-trellis codes are used to embed the encoded messages into the DCT coefficients that have a smaller distortion value. Based on the proposed framework, an adaptive steganography algorithm resisting JPEG compression and detection is designed, which utilizes the relationship between coefficients in a DCT block and the means of that in three adjacent DCT blocks. The experimental results that demonstrate the proposed algorithm not only has a good JPEG compression resistant ability but also has a strong detection resistant performance. Comparing with current J-UNIWARD steganography under quality factor 85 of JPEG compression, the extraction error rates without pre-compression decrease from about 50% to nearly 0, while the stego images remain a good detection resistant ability comparing with a typical robust watermarking algorithm, which shows the validity of the proposed framework. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong effects of time-dependent ionization in early SN 1987A

We study time-dependent hydrogen ionization in the atmosphere of SN 1987A during the first month after the supernova explosion. The model includes kinetics of hydrogen ionization and excitation, molecular hydrogen kinetics, and a time-dependent energy balance. The primary strong effect of the time-dependent ionization is the enhanced hydrogen ionization compared to the steady-state model. The time-dependent ionization provides a sufficient population of excited hydrogen levels to account for the observed H α without invoking the external 56 Ni. We find that the Ba II 6142 A line in SN 1987A can be reproduced for the LMC barium abundance. This resolves the long-standing problem of the unacceptably high barium overabundance in SN 1987A. The key missing factor responsible for the “barium problem” is the time-dependent ionization. The modelling of the H α profile on day 4.64 indicates the ratio of the kinetic energy to the ejected mass ≈ $0.83\times 10^{50}~{\rm erg}\,M_{\odot}^{-1}$.
Journal Pre-proof Medically assisted reproduction and mental health: a 24-year longitudinal analysis using Finnish register data

67 Background: Medically assisted reproduction (MAR) can negatively impact women’s mental 68 health, particularly when the treatments do not result in a live birth. While the number of women 69 relying on MAR to conceive has grown rapidly, our knowledge about the mental health effects 70 before, during, and after treatment is limited. 71 Objective: To understand the long-term association between medically assisted reproduction and 72 mental health outcomes for women before, during and after their treatments, and according to 73 whether the treatment resulted in a live birth or not. 74 Study Design: Using Finnish register data for the period 1995-2018 we estimated the probability 75 of psychotropic purchases (antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives) for three groups 76 of women who: 1) gave birth after natural conception (NC), 2) gave birth after MAR treatments 77 (MAR+), or 3) underwent MAR but remained childless (MAR-). We followed women for up to 78 12 years before and 12 years after the reference date which corresponded to the conception date 79 for women who had a first live birth either after a natural or a MAR conception, or the date of the 80 last MAR treatment for women with no live birth by the end of 2017. We estimated linear 81 probability models before and after the adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics. 82 Results: The results show that women who did not have a live birth after undergoing MAR 83 treatments purchased more psychotropics than women who gave birth after conceiving naturally 84 or through MAR, and that these differences did not attenuate over time. 12 years after the reference 85 date 17.73% (95% CI: 16.82-18.63) of MAR-women purchased psychotropics, versus 11.11% of 86 NC (95% CI: 10.98-11.26) and 12.17% (95% CI: 11.65-12.69) of MAR+ women. In addition,
A new design of wearable token system for mobile device security

Increasingly, today's mobile devices provide users a high level of convenience and flexibility. But, mobile devices are vulnerable to theft and loss, greatly increasing the likelihood of exposing sensitive data. To address this problem, Corner and Noble gave the concept of transient authentication and built a wearable token system, called ZIA system. In this paper, we design a new wearable token system using the idea of transient authentication. Our system not only preserves the same security characteristics as ZIA system, but also is more effective than ZIA system. In our system, careful key management and prudent communication mechanism allow significant performance enhancements. Due to the power constraint of the wearable token and the wireless link, the lower the costs are, the greater the chance of success the wearable token system has in practical implementation.
Schizophrenia relapse, patient considerations, and potential role of lurasidone

When treating persons with schizophrenia, delaying time to relapse is a main goal. Antipsychotic medication has been the primary treatment approach, and there are a variety of different choices available. Lurasidone is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic agent that is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression. Three long-term studies of lurasidone have examined time to relapse in persons with schizophrenia, including a classic placebo-controlled randomized withdrawal study and two 12-month active comparator studies (vs risperidone and vs quetiapine extended-release). Lurasidone 40–80 mg/d evidenced superiority over placebo (number needed to treat [NNT] vs placebo for relapse, 9). Lurasidone 40–160 mg/d was noninferior to quetiapine extended-release 200–800 mg/d on the outcome of relapse, and was superior on the outcome of avoidance of hospitalization (NNT 8) and the outcome of remission (NNT 7). Lurasidone demonstrated a lower risk for long-term weight gain than the active comparators. Demonstrated differences in tolerability profiles among the different choices of antipsychotics make it possible to attempt to match up an individual patient to the best choice for such patient based on past history of tolerability, comorbidities, and personal preferences, potentially improving adherence.
Stem Cells for Enhancing Recovery after Stroke: A Review

The potential application for stem cell therapy is vast, and development for use in ischaemic stroke is still in its infancy. Access to stem cells for research is contentious; however, stem cells are obtainable from both animal and human. Despite a limited understanding of their mechanisms of action, clinical trials assessing stem cells in human stroke have been performed. Trials are also underway evaluating haematopoietic precursors mobilised with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, an approach offering an autologous means of administrating stem cells for therapeutic purposes. This review summarises current knowledge in regard to stem cells and their potential for helping improve recovery after stroke.
Cost-effectiveness of Ambulatory Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

The merits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy include faster recovery, less postoperative pain, earlier return to work, and decreased cost. However, there are few economic data comparing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an ambulatory versus overnight stay setting. In a 12-month period, 74 consecutive cholecystectomies were performed laparoscopically by one surgeon. The ambulatory group consisted of 36 patients who were discharged from the hospital the same day after a mean recovery time of 5 hours (range, 2.25–10.33). Of the remaining 38 patients, 19 were admitted after surgery on 23-hour observation status, and 19 were inpatients. The average hospital cost was significantly less in the ambulatory group than in the observation group, with an 11% mean reduction in cost per patient (P = 0.0061). No patient in either group was readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely in an outpatient setting. The cost savings of ambulatory care versus observation are clearly shown in this study.
Kinetics and Extent of Mineralization of Organic Chemicals at Trace Levels in Freshwater and Sewage

A sensitive and rapid method was developed to measure the mineralization of 14C-labeled organic compounds at picogram-per-milliliter or lower levels in samples of natural waters and sewage. Mineralization was considered to be equivalent to the loss of radioactivity from solutions. From 93 to 98% of benzoate, benzylamine, aniline, phenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate at one or more concentrations below 300 ng/ml was mineralized in samples of lake waters and sewage, indicating little or no incorporation of carbon into microbial cells. Assimilation of 14C by the cells mineralizing benzylamine in lake water was not detected. Mineralization in lake waters was linear with time for aniline at 5.7 pg to 500 ng/ml, benzylamine at 310 ng/ml, phenol at 102 fg to 10 mg/ml, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate at 1.5 pg/ml, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at 21 pg to 200 ng/ml, but it was exponential at several p-nitrophenol concentrations. The rate of mineralization of 50 and 500 ng of aniline per ml and 200 pg and 2.0 ng of the phthalate per ml increased with time in lake waters. The phthalate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate were mineralized in samples from a eutrophic but not an oligotrophic lake. Addition to eutrophic lake water of a benzoate-utilizing bacterium did not increase the rate of benzoate mineralization at 34 and 350 pg/ml but did so at 5 and 50 ng/ml. Glucose and phenol reduced the percentage of p-nitrophenol mineralized at p-nitrophenol concentrations of 200 ng/ml but not at 22.6 pg/ml and inhibited the rates of mineralization at both concentrations. These results show that the kinetics of mineralization, the capacity of the aquatic community to assimilate carbon from the substrate or the extent of assimilation, and the sensitivity of the mineralizing populations to organic compounds are different at trace levels than at higher concentrations of organic compounds.
Measurement of the jet radius and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive jet suppression in lead–lead collisions at √ s NN = 2 . 76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead–lead collisions at √ s NN = 2 . 76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 μb − 1 , ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter system over the pseudorapidity interval | η | < 2 . 1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < p T < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti- k t algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0 . 2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet “central-to-peripheral ratio,” R CP . Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. R CP varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the ﬁrst direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.
Charting the NF-κB Pathway Interactome Map

Inflammation is part of a complex physiological response to harmful stimuli and pathogenic stress. The five components of the Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) family are prominent mediators of inflammation, acting as key transcriptional regulators of hundreds of genes. Several signaling pathways activated by diverse stimuli converge on NF-κB activation, resulting in a regulatory system characterized by high complexity. It is increasingly recognized that the number of components that impinges upon phenotypic outcomes of signal transduction pathways may be higher than those taken into consideration from canonical pathway representations. Scope of the present analysis is to provide a wider, systemic picture of the NF-κB signaling system. Data from different sources such as literature, functional enrichment web resources, protein-protein interaction and pathway databases have been gathered, curated, integrated and analyzed in order to reconstruct a single, comprehensive picture of the proteins that interact with, and participate to the NF-κB activation system. Such a reconstruction shows that the NF-κB interactome is substantially different in quantity and quality of components with respect to canonical representations. The analysis highlights that several neglected but topologically central proteins may play a role in the activation of NF-κB mediated responses. Moreover the interactome structure fits with the characteristics of a bow tie architecture. This interactome is intended as an open network resource available for further development, refinement and analysis.
How IT Enabled Investments Bring Value to the Business : A Literature Review

Already in the nineties, studies discussed the IT productivity paradox, where no clear correlation could be found between IT spend and the bottom-line impact. On the other hand, other research streams emerged, revealing findings that do illustrate the positive impact of IT enabled investments on firm performance. Several studies concluded that the necessary conditions to overcome the IT productivity paradox are to be found in a better IT value management approach. New IT value management frameworks and models are emerging and promoted by both academics and advisory entities, but while organisations recognise its importance, they are still struggling with getting such IT value management practices implemented into their organisations. This paper investigates prior research on IT value management and the implementation of it using a model of structures, processes and relational mechanisms. By doing so, this paper wants to explore future research opportunities for academics and provide practitioners with an accurate overview of proven governance and management practices described in literature that can be used in their day-to-day operations.