Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achievement Despite Adversity: A Qualitative Investigation of Undrafted National Hockey League Players

Adversity is viewed as both an inevitable and important experience for elite athletes (Howells et al., 2017). The purpose of this study was to explore elite athletes’ perceptions of the experiences and characteristics that helped them to overcome a shared sport-specific adversity. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 12 professional athletes (Mage = 27.25; SD = 3.28 years) who had progressed to careers in the National Hockey League (NHL) despite not being selected in the annual Amateur Entry Draft. Participants discussed their long-term objectives of playing in the NHL, previous experiences with adversity, certain psychological characteristics that facilitated their progression (e.g., competitiveness, passion, confidence), and the significance of social support as key factors that helped them to overcome the initial and subsequent adversities associated with being unselected during the Amateur Entry Draft. Practical implications and proposed avenues for future research are discussed within the context of the study’s limitations.
Mutational Effects and Population Dynamics During Viral Adaptation Challenge Current Models

Adaptation in haploid organisms has been extensively modeled but little tested. Using a microvirid bacteriophage (ID11), we conducted serial passage adaptations at two bottleneck sizes (104 and 106), followed by fitness assays and whole-genome sequencing of 631 individual isolates. Extensive genetic variation was observed including 22 beneficial, several nearly neutral, and several deleterious mutations. In the three large bottleneck lines, up to eight different haplotypes were observed in samples of 23 genomes from the final time point. The small bottleneck lines were less diverse. The small bottleneck lines appeared to operate near the transition between isolated selective sweeps and conditions of complex dynamics (e.g., clonal interference). The large bottleneck lines exhibited extensive interference and less stochasticity, with multiple beneficial mutations establishing on a variety of backgrounds. Several leapfrog events occurred. The distribution of first-step adaptive mutations differed significantly from the distribution of second-steps, and a surprisingly large number of second-step beneficial mutations were observed on a highly fit first-step background. Furthermore, few first-step mutations appeared as second-steps and second-steps had substantially smaller selection coefficients. Collectively, the results indicate that the fitness landscape falls between the extremes of smooth and fully uncorrelated, violating the assumptions of many current mutational landscape models.
Neural mechanisms of oxytocin and serotonin interaction in non-human primates and patients with autism

The neurohormone oxytocin (OT) is increasingly studied for its therapeutic potential in social disorders, like autism, which are associated with the deregulation of several neurotransmission systems, including OT and serotonin (5-HT). Hence investigating OT’s interactions with other neurotransmitters is a relevant step towards mechanism-based treatments. Studies in rodents demonstrated that the interaction between OT and 5-HT, is critical for several aspects of social behaviour. Moreover, using PET-scan in humans we have recently found that 5-HT 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) function is modified after intra-nasal oxytocin intake. Thus I performed a first experiment in which intra-nasal OT was administered to patients with autism undergoing a [18F]MPPF (a 5-HT1AR radiotracer) PET scanner, in order to study their basal serotonergic system and to look if the oxytocin modulates the 5-HT1AR system. I found no differences of baseline 5-HT1AR concentration between 18 autistic subjects and 24 controls. Critically, in patients, OT did not induce changes on the 5-HT1AR system. Moreover, in controls, there was a correlation between 5-HT1AR and grey matter volume in the striatum, that was not observed in patients. These results suggest a subtle disruption of patients’ serotonergic system, that can only be seen at the functional level. Because PET scan does not tell us if the observed modification is due to a change in 5-HT1AR or 5-HT concentration, I performed a second PET scan experiment on 3 macaque monkeys, using [18F]MPPF and [11C]DASB, that marks the serotonin transporter. Compared to placebo, OT injections in the lateral ventricle significantly reduced [11C]DASB binding potential in right amygdala, insula and hippocampus whereas [18F]MPPF binding potential increased in right amygdala and insula. Thus we reproduced results obtained in healthy humans and extended it by suggesting that OT provokes the release of 5-HT in key limbic regions involved in socio-emotional processing. These results were confirmed with autoradiography.Taken together, these experiments indicate that OT modulates 5-HT release in primates, but this mechanism is disrupted in patients with autism. This opens ways to investigate combined OT/5-HT treatments, especially since FDA approved drugs targeting the two systems are already available for use in patients with autism
First record of Jacobsoniidae (Coleoptera) from China with description of a new species of Sarothrias Grouvelle

Abstract The family Jacobsoniidae Heller (短跗甲科) is newly recorded from China upon the discovery of Sarothrias sinicus Bi & Chen, sp. n. (中华短跗甲) from Motuo, Southeast Xizang. Description and illustrations of the habitus and major diagnostic features of the new taxon are provided. A key to the species of Sarothrias and some ecological notes on the new species are presented.
PENGARUH PRESSURE, OPPORTUNITY, DAN RATIONALIZATION TERHADAP PERILAKU KECURANGAN AKADEMIK(Studi Empiris: Mahasiswa Akuntansi Program S1 Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pressure, opportunity, dan rationalization terhadap perilaku kecurangan akademik pada mahasiswa akuntansi program S1 Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling sehingga terpilih mahasiswa yang telah mempelajari materi perkulihan fraud pada mata kuliah auditing dan akuntansi forensik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 85 responden. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Data diperoleh berupa jawaban dari responden di tabulasi dan diolah dengan menggunakan software SPSS versi 16. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa pressure, dan rationalization secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku kecurangan akademik pada mahasiswa akuntansi program S1 Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Namun opportunity secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku kecurangan akademik pada mahasiswa akuntansi program S1 Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa secara simultan ketiga variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku kecurangan akademik pada mahasiswa akuntansi program S1 Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Kata Kunci : pressure, opportunity , rationalization , perilaku kecurangan akademik. This study aimed at determining the effect of pressure, opportunity, and rationalization on academic cheating behaviors of the students of S1 accounting program department, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Education. This type of research was a quantitative research, using a questionnaire as a research instrument. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, so that the students selected were those who had studied the lecture material fraud in the course program of auditing and forensic accounting. This study used 85 respondents. The data used in this study were primary data. The data that were obtained in the forms of the respondents’ answers were tabulated and processed through SPSS software version 16. The results of this study stated that pressure and rationalization had a partially significant effect on academic cheating behaviors of the students of S1 accounting program department, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. However, opportunity had no partially significant effect on academic cheating behaviors of the students of S1 accounting program department, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. This study also showed that the three independent variables simultaneously affect significantly academic cheating behaviors of the students of S1 accounting program department, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. keyword : pressure, opportunity, rationalization, academic cheating behaviors.
Dynamics and Control of a Biomimetic Vehicle Using Biased Wingbeat Forcing Functions: Part 1 - Aerodynamic Model (Postprint)

Abstract : An aerodynamic model, for a minimally actuated flapping wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV), is derived from blade element theory. The vehicle considered in this work is similar to the Harvard RoboFly, except that it is equipped with independently actuated wings. A blade element-based approach is used to compute both instantaneous and cycle-averaged forces and moments for a specific type of wingbeat motion that enables nearly decoupled, multi-degree-of-freedom control of the aircraft. The wing positions are controlled using oscillators whose frequencies change once per wingbeat cycle. A technique is introduced, called Split-Cycle Constant-Period Frequency Modulation with Wing Bias, that provides a high level of control input decoupling for vehicles without active angle of attack control. This technique allows the frequencies of the upstroke and downstroke of each wing to differ such that non-zero cycleaveraged drag can be generated. Additionally, a wing bias term has been added to the wingbeat waveform and is utilized to provide pitching moment control. With this technique, it is possible to achieve five degree-of-freedom control using only two physical actuators. The present paper is concerned with the derivation of the instantaneous and cycle-averaged forces and moments for the Split- Cycle Constant-Period Frequency Modulation with Wing Bias technique. Implementation of the wing bias is discussed and modifications to the wingbeat forcing function, which are necessary to maintain a continuous wing position, are made.
Relativistic neutron star merger simulations with non-zero temperature equations of state. I. Variation of binary parameters and equation of state

An extended set of binary neutron star (NS) merger simulations is performed with an approximative treatment of general relativity to systematically investigate the influence of the nuclear equation of state (EoS), the NS masses, and the NS spin states prior to merging. The general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations are based on a conformally flat approximation to the Einstein equations and a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code for the gas treatment. We employ the two non-zero temperature EoSs of Shen et al. (1998a, Nucl. Phys. A, 637, 435; 1998b, Prog. Theor. Phys., 100, 1013) and Lattimer & Swesty (1991, Nucl. Phys. A, 535, 331), which represent a “harder” and a “softer” behavior, respectively, with characteristic differences in the incompressibility at supernuclear densities and in the maximum mass of nonrotating, cold neutron stars. In addition, we use the cold EoS of Akmal et al. (1998, Phys. Rev. C, 58, 1804) with a simple ideal-gas-like extension according to Shibata & Taniguchi (2006, Phys. Rev. D, 73, 064027), in order to compare with their results, and an ideal-gas EoS with parameters fitted to the supernuclear part of the Shen-EoS. We estimate the mass sitting in a dilute “torus” around the future black hole (BH) by requiring the specific angular momentum of the torus matter to be larger than the angular momentum of the ISCO around a Kerr BH with the mass and spin parameter of the compact central remnant. The dynamics and outcome of the models is found to depend strongly on the EoS and on the binary parameters. Larger torus masses are found for asymmetric systems (up to ~$0.3~M_\odot$ for a mass ratio of 0.55), for large initial NSs, and for a NS spin state which corresponds to a larger total angular momentum. We find that the postmerger remnant collapses either immediately or after a short time when employing the soft EoS of Lattimer& Swesty, whereas no sign of post-merging collapse is found within tens of dynamical timescales for all other EoSs used. The typical temperatures in the torus are found to be about $3{-}10$ MeV depending on the strength of the shear motion at the collision interface between the NSs and thus depending on the initial NS spins. About $10^{-3}{-}10^{-2}~M_\odot$ of NS matter become gravitationally unbound during or right after the merging process. This matter consists of a hot/high-entropy component from the collision interface and (only in case of asymmetric systems) of a cool/low-entropy component from the spiral arm tips.
Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışları, Örgütsel İmaj Algıları ve Öğrenci Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki

Bu arastirmada, Ankara ilinde bulunan kamu ortaokullarinda gorev yapmakta olanogretmenlerin orgutsel vatandaslik davranislarina iliskin ogretmen ve yonetici algilarive ogretmenlerin orgutsel imaj algilari ile ogrencilerin okul basarilari arasindakiiliskilerin ortaya konulmasi amaclanmistir. Bu kapsamda, yoneticilerin ogretmenlerinorgutsel vatandaslik davranislarina iliskin algilari ile ogretmenlerin kendi orgutselvatandaslik davranislari ile ilgili algilari arasinda farklilik olup olmadigininbelirlenmesine, ayrica ogretmenlerin orgutsel vatandaslik davranislarina yonelikalgilari ve ogretmenlerin okullarina iliskin orgutsel imaj algilari ile bu okullardaokuyan 8. sinif ogrencilerinin okul basarilari arasindaki iliskilerin degerlendirilmesinecalisilmistir.
On the formation of massive galaxies: a simultaneous study of number density, size and intrinsic colour evolution in GOODS

The evolution of number density, size and intrinsic colour is determined for a volume-limited sample of visually classified early-type galaxies selected from the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys images of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) North and South fields (version 2). The sample comprises 457 galaxies over 320 arcmin 2 with stellar masses above 3 x 10 10 M ⊙ in the redshift range 0.4 3 x 10 11 M ⊙ ) do not show any appreciable change in comoving number density or size in our data. Furthermore, when including the results from 2dF galaxy redshift survey, we find that the number density of massive early-type galaxies is consistent with no evolution between z = 1.2 and 0, i.e. over an epoch spanning more than half of the current age of the Universe. We find large discrepancies between the predictions of semi-analytic models. Massive galaxies show very homogeneous intrinsic colour distributions, with nearly flat radial colour gradients, but with a significant negative correlation between stellar mass and colour gradient, such that red cores appear predominantly in massive galaxies. The distribution of half-light radii - when compared to z ∼ 0 and z > 1 samples - is compatible with the predictions of semi-analytic models relating size evolution to the amount of dissipation during major mergers.
Post-secondary women's positive experiences with pornography : a grounded theory explanation of initial exposure and subsequent use of sexually explicit materials

The intent of this research thesis is the examination of post-secondary women’s positive experiences with pornography. Very little research has been conducted with women who enjoy pornography and yet recent statistics in Canada and the United States show that there is an increasing amount of female users of pornography (Cantor, Mares, & Hyde, 2003). This study presents an emerging grounded theory of the process through which a small group of post-secondary women come to label their experiences with pornography as positive. The study traces the experiences of four post-secondary women in Western Canada from their initial exposure to pornography to their current use of the material. Results showed the importance of personal control in the development of female sexual identity and the enjoyment of pornography. This study is embedded in a social constructionist theoretical framework and offers recommendations for further research in the area.
A new temporal CSP framework handling composite variables and activity constraints

A well known approach to managing the numeric and the symbolic aspects of time is to view them as constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). Our aim is to extend the temporal CSP formalism in order to include activity constraints and composite variables. Indeed, in many real life applications the set of variables involved by the temporal constraint problem to solve is not known in advance. More precisely, while some temporal variables (called events) are available in the initial problem, others are added dynamically to the problem during the resolution process via activity constraints and composite variables. Activity constraints allow some variables to be activated (added to the problem) when activity conditions are true. Composite variables are defined on finite domains of events. We propose in this paper two methods based respectively on constraint propagation and stochastic local search (SLS) for solving temporal constraint problems with activity constraints and composite variables. We call these problems conditional and composite temporal constraint satisfaction problems (CCTCSPs). Experimental study we conducted on randomly generated CCTCSPs demonstrates the efficiency of our exact method based on constraint propagation in the case of middle constrained and over constrained problems while the SLS based method is the technique of choice for under constrained problems and also in case we want to trade search time for the quality of the solution returned (number of solved constraints)
Mechanical transduction by ion channels: A cautionary tale

Mechanical transduction by ion channels occurs in all cells. The physiological functions of these channels have just begun to be elaborated, but if we focus on the upper animal kingdom, these channels serve the common sensory services such as hearing and touch, provide the central nervous system with information on the force and position of muscles and joints, and they provide the autonomic system with information about the filling of hollow organs such as blood vessels. However, all cells of the body have mechanosensitive channels (MSCs), including red cells. Most of these channels are cation selective and are activated by bilayer tension. There are also K+ selective MSCs found commonly in neurons where they may be responsible for both general anesthesia and knockout punches in the boxing ring by hyperpolarizing neurons to reduce excitability. The cationic MSCs are typically inactive under normal mechanical stress, but open under pathologic stress. The channels are normally inactive because they are shielded from stress by the cytoskeleton. The cationic MSCs are specifically blocked by the externally applied peptide GsMtx4 (aka, AT-300). This is the first drug of its class and provides a new approach to many pathologies since it is nontoxic, non-immunogenic, stable in a biological environment and has a long pharmacokinetic lifetime. Pathologies involving excessive stress are common. They produce cardiac arrhythmias, contraction in stretched dystrophic muscle, xerocytotic and sickled red cells, etc. The channels seem to function primarily as “fire alarms”, providing feedback to the cytoskeleton that a region of the bilayer is under excessive tension and needs reinforcing. The eukaryotic forms of MSCs have only been cloned in recent years and few people have experience working with them. “Newbies” need to become aware of the technology, potential artifacts, and the fundamentals of mechanics. The most difficult problem in studying MSCs is that the actual stimulus, the force applied to the channel, is not known. We don’t have direct access to the channels themselves but only to larger regions of the membrane as seen in patches. Cortical forces are shared by the bilayer, the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. How much of an applied stimulus reaches the channel is unknown. Furthermore, many of these channels exist in spatial domains where the forces within a domain are different from forces outside the domain, although we often hope they are proportional. This review is intended to be a guide for new investigators who want to study mechanosensitive ion channels.
Circulating Angiogenic Factors as Biomarkers of Disease Severity and Bacterial Burden in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are classical features of granuloma formation in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). In addition, the angiogenic factor—VEGF-A is a known biomarker for PTB. Aims/Methodology To examine the association of circulating angiogenic factors with PTB, we examined the systemic levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2 and VEGF-R3in individuals with PTB, latent TB (LTB) or no TB infection (NTB). Results Circulating levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C andVEGF-R2 were significantly higher in PTB compared to LTB or NTB individuals. Moreover, the levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-R2 were significantly higher in PTB with bilateral and/or cavitary disease. The levels of these factors also exhibited a significant positive relationship with bacterial burdens in PTB. ROC analysis revealed VEGF-A and VEGF-R2 as markers distinguishing PTB from LTB or NTB. Finally, the circulating levels of all the angiogenic factors examined were significantly reduced following successful chemotherapy. Conclusion Therefore, our data demonstrate that PTB is associated with elevated levels of circulating angiogenic factors, possibly reflecting vascular and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, some of these circulating angiogenic factors could prove useful as biomarkers to monitor disease severity, bacterial burden and therapeutic responses.
Performance Measures for Tempo Analysis

This paper builds on a method of tracking the beat in musical performances that preprocesses raw audio into a collection of low level features called “rhythm tracks” and then combines the information using a Bayesian decision framework to choose a set of parameters that represent the beat. An early version of the method used a set of four rhythm tracks that were based on easily understood measures (energy, phase discontinuities, spectral center and dispersion) that have a clear intuitive relevance to the onset and offset of beats. For certain kinds of music, especially those with a steady pulse such as popular, jazz, and dance styles, these four were often adequate to successfully track the beat. Detailed examination of pieces for which the beat tracking was unsuccessful suggested that the rhythm tracks were failing to provide a clear indicator of the beat times. This paper presents new sets of features (new methods of generating rhythm tracks) and a way of quantifying their relevance to a particular corpus of musical pieces. These measures involve the time waveform, spectral characteristics, the cepstrum, and sub-band decompositions, as well as tests using (empirical) probability density and distribution functions. Each measure is tested with a variety of “distance” metrics. Results are presented in summary form for all the proposed rhythm tracks, and the best are highlighted and discussed in terms of their “meaning” in the beat tracking problem. William A Sethares Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1691 USA. 608-262-5669 sethares@ece.wisc. edu Robin Morris RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 940351000 rdm@email.arc. nasa.gov