Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Syndecan Binding Protein (SDCBP) Is Overexpressed in Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancers, and Is a Potential Promoter for Tumor Proliferation

Background Syndecan binding protein (SDCBP), an adapter protein containing PDZ domains, contributes to the tumorigenicity and metastasis of many malignant tumors, such as malignant melanoma. Our study aimed in revealing the expression profile of SDCBP in breast cancer (BCa) and its role in tumor cell proliferation, and then exploring its value in the targeted treatment of BCa. Methodology/Principal Findings We first evaluated the SDCBP expression by immunohistochemistry in normal breast and BCa tissues. Then we explored the expression profile of SDCBP in different BCa cell lines. By constructing SDCBP-silenced BCa cell clones, we further assessed the effects of SDCBP suppression on tumor cells in vitro by cell culture and in vivo by tumorigenicity. SDCBP expression was detected in 80.6% (n = 160) of BCa tissues, in contrast to its expression in 13% (n = 23) of normal breast tissues (P<0.001). Among the tumors, the level of its expression was positively correlated with histological grade and tumor staging while negatively correlated with the estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Higher expression of SDCBP was also noted in ER-negative BCa cell lines. It was also identified that SDCBP expression was down-regulated in a dose-dependent mode by 17-β estradiol in estrogen-responsive MCF-7. Furthermore, SDCBP silence inhibited ER-negative tumor cell growth in vivo and in vitro. Cell cycle studies showed that SDCBP silence increased G1 cell population and resulted in related cell-cycle-regulator changes: up-regulation of p21 and p27 while down-regulation of cyclin E. Conclusion/Significance Our results suggested that SDCBP played an important role in tumor growth of ER-negative BCas. In these tumors where the estrogen signaling pathway is not available, SDCBP probably contribute to tumor growth through an alternative signaling pathway by promoting tumor cells passing the G1/S checkpoint into the cell cycle. Suppression of SDCBP expression may have its potential to become a targeted therapy for ER-negative BCas.
Nice Guys Finish Last and Guys in Last Are Nice

True altruism involves sacrifice and is thus incompatible, in people’s minds, with benefits to the benefactor. Consistent with this prototype, selflessly motivated prosocial actors are perceived as less likely to benefit from their acts compared with selfishly motivated actors (“Nice guys finish last”), and prosocial actors who benefit are perceived as less benevolent than those who do not (“Guys in last are nice”)—even in situations for which benefits are randomly determined and completely out of the control of the actor. The studies present supportive evidence of the reflexive association between a pure, selfless motive and sacrifice with respect to both individuals and organizations.
4-point effective actions in open and closed superstring theory

Recently the effective action for the 4-point functions in abelian open superstring theory has been derived, giving an explicit construction of the bosonic and fermionic terms of this infinite α' series. In the present work we generalize this result to the nonabelian case. We test our result, at α'3 and α'4 order, with several existing versions for these terms, finding agreement in most of the cases. We also apply these ideas to derive the effective action for the 4-point functions of the NS-NS sector of closed superstring theory, to all order in α'.
Local Contexts Presuppositions , Dynamic Semantics and Transparency

The dynamic approach posits that a presupposition must be satisfied in its local context. But how is a local context derived from the global one? Extant dynamic analyses must specify in the lexical entry of any operator what its ‘context change potential’ is, and for this very reason they fail to be explanatory. To circumvent the problem, we revise two assumptions of the dynamic approach: we take the update process to be derivative from a classical, non-dynamic semantics which obviates the need for dynamic lexical entries; and we deny that a local context encodes what the speech act participants ‘take for granted’. Instead, we take the local context of an expression E in a sentence S to be the smallest domain that one may restrict attention to when assessing E without jeopardizing the truth conditions of S. Local contexts may be computed incrementally or symmetrically: in the incremental case, only information about the expressions that precede E is taken into account; in the symmetric case, all of S (except E) is accessed. The resulting account of local satisfaction is shown to be equivalent to the ‘Transparency theory’ of presuppositions (Schlenker 2007a,b), whose incremental version is nearly equivalent to Heim’s dynamic semantics. But unlike the Transparency theory, the present account makes it possible to compute in great generality the semantic contribution of an expression in its local context and thus to offer a general theory of triviality, and possibly of presupposition generation. This account can thus be seen as a synthesis between the Transparency theory and dynamic semantics.
Dropping Out of Middle School: A Multilevel Analysis of Students and Schools

Prior research on dropouts has often focused on high schools and examined the issue from either the individual perspective or the institutional perspective. Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey of 1988 and a new form of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), this study focuses on dropouts from middle school and examines the issue from both individual and institutional perspectives. At the individual level, the results identified a number of family and school experience factors that influence the decision to leave school, with grade retention being the single most powerful predictor. But disaggregating the analysis also revealed that there are widespread differences in the effects of these factors on White, Black, and Hispanic students. At the institutional level, the results revealed that mean dropout rates vary widely between schools and that most of the variation can be explained by differences in the background characteristics of students. But restricting the analysis to lower SES schools shows widespread differences in both mean dropout rates and social class differentiation among such schools. Moreover, much of the variation among those schools can be explained by social composition of students and by several structural features of schools and school climate.
The Effect of Weight on the Femur: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis *

Abstract: This study assessed whether obesity significantly affects femoral shape. Femora of 121 white men were divided into two weight classes based on body mass index (BMI) of the deceased. Five external anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) measurements were taken at consistent percentages of diaphyseal length. These were then subject to statistical tests. After controlling for age, multivariate statistics show a significant (p < 0.05) effect of BMI on the femur, with the greatest significance in ML measurements. T‐tests confirm these dimensions are significantly larger in the overweight (p < 0.05). The effect of BMI on size‐transformed and shape‐transformed variables was also evaluated, with ANOVA results showing a significant BMI effect on ML size (p < 0.05), but not shape. Significant size‐transformed ML variables were then subject to discriminate function analyses with a cross‐validation correction. Results show a correct classification rate of 88% in normal weight and 77% in overweight individuals.
Perceived impact of tourism by the resident population in Torrevieja: national versus non-national residents

The perception of the impact of tourism on the resident population is the key to the tourist industry. The tourist development of the Mediterranean coast has led to a population explosion where the largest figures are of non-national origin, which have become the majority, ahead of the Spanish population. Nationality in the perception of the host population has been overlooked, but this is an important factor in Torrevieja (Spain), where more than 50% of the host population is non-national. Our finding confirms that these two host groups, national and non-national, have different perceptions of the impact of tourism in the area.
Social Harmony and the Small Firm: A Reappraisal

Government, academics and the media have, over the past decade, entered fully into the spirit of ‘small business revival’. Many of the contributions to this debate, however, have taken for granted the nature of small firm employment relations. It has frequently been remarked that workers in a small firms behave in ways more compatible with the goals and interests of their employers than employees in large firms. Thus, industrial relations are assumed to be more harmonious. In support of this assertion attention is usually drawn to the relative infrequency of conflict and industrial disputes, and the absence of militant trade unionism as an indication of the small firm workers' greater commitment to the goals of the enterprise and the interests of the employer (Ingham 1970). This paper suggests that such assumptions are unwarranted and provide a potentially misleading starting point for studies of employment relations in small firms. Data from a small number of in-depth interviews with small firm personnel is used to illustrate some of the complex and contradictory processes through which capital-labour relations may be constituted within small enterprises.
Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis in association with sarcoidosis

Palisaded and neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) has been associated with many conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic vasculitis, and other diseases with circulating immune complexes. Lymphoproliferative conditions, bacterial endocarditis, and various drugs can also induce this condition. Many patients also have symmetric polyarthritis with various serological abnormalities. We present a case of a 46‐year‐old female who presented with painful erythematous annular plaques and nodules on her legs. The lesions started a week prior to visit and increased in number over the course of the week. The patient had an established history of sarcoidosis with past episodes of uveitis and erythema nodosum. The histopathological findings included a diffuse pandermal infiltrate mostly composed of neutrophils, nuclear debris, and strands of deeply eosinophilic degenerated collagen. Vasculitis was not present. No significant increase in dermal mucin was detected. Based on the clinical and pathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with late‐stage PNGD. To our knowledge, this is the first case of PNGD described in an adult patient of sarcoidosis.
Neutrophil elastase stimulates MUC5AC expression in human biliary epithelial cells: a possible pathway of PKC/Nox/ROS

Introduction Bacterial infection and bile flow retardation form a vicious cycle which promotes stone formation and recurrence, and it seems that mucin overexpression plays an important role in this process. However, the mechanism of increased mucus secretion in the biliary tract by bacterial infection and its treatment remain unclear. Material and methods Human biliary epithelial cells were induced by neutrophil elastase (NE), and H2O2 production in the cell supernatants was detected by a specific kit, and then cells were pretreated with a H2O2 inhibitor, and expression of MUC5AC was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, selective PKC and Nox inhibitors, apocynin and bisindolylmaleimide I, were used to pretreat cells and detect H2O2, MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression. Then, we pretreated cells with selective inhibitors or NE, and detected transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) using an ELISA kit. Results H2O2 production increased in an NE dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001), and NE upregulated MUC5AC expression at both mRNA and protein levels, while DMTU, could reduce this high expression (p < 0.01 at mRNA level, p < 0.001 at grey analysis for western blot and p < 0.01 at mean density for immunohistochemical staining at protein level). Moreover, apocynin and bisindolylmaleimide I could reduce the H2O2 production stimulated by NE (p < 0.05), and reduce MUC5AC high expression (p < 0.01 at mRNA level, p < 0.001 at both grey analysis for western blot and mean density for immunohistochemical staining at protein level). In addition, NE induced TGF-α production, and any of the three selective inhibitors could reduce it (p < 0.05). Conclusions NE-induced reactive oxygen species participated in the upregulation of MUC5AC production. Moreover, protein kinase C and NADPH oxidase (Nox) regulate MUC5AC production in NE-challenged human biliary epithelial cells.
Applying Chimera Virtual Data Concepts to Cluster Finding in the Sloan Sky Survey

In many scientific disciplines — especially long running, data- intensive collaborations — it is important to track all aspects of data capture, production, transformation, and analysis. In principle, one can then audit, validate, reproduce, and/or re-run with corrections various data transformations. We have recently proposed and prototyped the Chimera virtual data system, a new database-driven approach to this problem. We present here a major application study in which we apply Chimera to a challenging data analysis problem: the identification of galaxy clusters within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We describe the problem, its computational procedures, and the use of Chimera to plan and orchestrate the workflow of thousands of tasks on a data grid comprising hundreds of computers. This experience suggests that a general set of tools can indeed enhance the accuracy and productivity of scientific data reduction and that further development and application of this paradigm will offer great value.
Como as comunidades virtuais de prática e de aprendizagem podem transformar a nossa concepção de educação

Neste artigo, e atentos os seus limites, propusemo‐ ‐nos analisar os elementos desta problemática, isto é, como se gerou uma concepção que inter‐relaciona as comunidades (virtuais ou presenciais), a prática quo‐ tidiana e a aprendizagem, de forma a ficarem comple‐ tamente unidas. Não o faremos tanto de um ponto de vista histórico, mas procuraremos sobretudo mostrar as vantagens, sem esquecer as dificuldades, além de espe‐ cialmente destacar as suas repercussões para o campo educativo.
The Performance Effects of an Ability-Based Approach to Goal Assignment

Some organizations have begun to target their goal-setting method more closely to the ability levels of their employees. In this article, we report the results of a laboratory study of 138 undergraduate students, which shows that these “ability-based” goals are more effective at improving performance than a “one goal for all” approach, where everyone is assigned the same performance target. Results from repeated measure tests and other analysis of variance tests show that lower-ability individuals in the ability-based goal condition outperform those in the one goal for all condition. Lower- and moderate-ability participants in the one goal for all condition also experienced larger decreases in performance in later rounds.
Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure and Insulin Resistance in the Women's Interagency HIV Study

Background:Evidence suggesting an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals has heightened the need to understand the relation of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy use, and non-HIV-related factors with insulin resistance (IR). Methods:Prospective study of 1614 HIV-infected and 604 HIV-uninfected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study between October 2000 and March 2007. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-estimated IR at 11,019 semiannual visits. Results:HIV-infected women reporting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had higher median HOMA than HIV-uninfected women {1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11 to 1.30] times higher for those reporting protease inhibitor-containing HAART; 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.20) times higher for those reporting non-protease inhibitor-containing HAART}. Among HIV-infected, cumulative exposure to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) of >3 years was associated with HOMA 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.25) times higher than the HOMA without any cumulative NRTI exposure. Cumulative exposure to the NRTI stavudine of >1 year was associated with HOMA 1.15 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.27) times higher than the HOMA without any cumulative stavudine use. Family history of diabetes, hepatitis C virus seropositivity, higher body mass index, or reporting menopause was associated with higher HOMA. Conclusions:Longer cumulative exposure to NRTI; in particular, stavudine is associated with greater IR in HIV-infected women.
Risk Factors for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy

An increasing number of diagnostic imaging and interventional procedures require the use of radiographic contrast agents which has led to a parallel increase in the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN is a serious clinical problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with chronic renal failure (see the Case Report). A key step to minimize CIN is to identify patients at risk of CIN. The aim of the present review was to summarize the knowledge about the risk factors of CIN, including the review of ultimate clinical research and developments.
Sex doesn't matter: the role of gender in the formation of student-university relationships

As competition intensifies, higher education providers are facing ever more complex challenges in attracting and retaining students. These new marketing challenges have necessitated a need to more comprehensively understand the factors that lead to positive perceptions of the institutions services, as well as positive referral of the brand. This research focuses on students' perceptions of the importance of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in the development of student loyalty. In particular this research examines whether or not these antecedents differ for male versus female students. A structural equation modelling approach was adopted using a sample of 447 students. Despite literature which characterises males as task oriented, and females as relationship oriented, gender did not influence the salience of the antecedents to loyalty. These results show that first and foremost both gender groups seek to form affective and emotional bonds with their institution and hence a sense of psychological closeness to it. Student satisfaction was found to be the second most important driver of loyalty across both genders. Conclusions, implications and opportunities for future research are presented. From a managerial perspective, it is expected that uncovering the importance of key relationship marketing constructs between genders will enable higher education institutions to develop more targeted relationship marketing programs.
The Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in High School Students in Rasht in 2009 According to NIH Criteria

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women associated with many reproductive, endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunctions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCOS among high school students in Rasht. Materials and Methods In a cross–sectional study, 1850 students were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling from all high schools in Rasht. The inclusion criteria were: age 17-18 years, menarche from 10-16 years, normal prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values, no history of anatomical malformation, no use of medication or hair-removal techniques, and a history of oligo- or amenorrhea. PCOS was diagnosed if both menstrual dysfunction and clinical hyperandrogenism were detected. Results Mean age of subjects was 17.2 ± 0.7 years and the age of menarche was 12.8 ± 0.9 years. Of all students, 378 (20.4%) had oligomenorrhea and PCOS was diagnosed in 210 (11.34 %) according to the National Institute of Health (NIH) definition. PCOS subjects, mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist/hip (W/H) ratio were 21.1 ± 3.6, 73.4 ± 8.0 cm and 0.77 ± 0.05, respectively. A family history of diabetes mellitus type 2 was reported in 24.7% of subjects. Conclusion The prevalence of PCOS in this study was similar to the international estimates of 10-20% in Caucasians. A long-term follow-up is needed to compare the accuracy of clinical determination of the disease versus diagnosis based on hormonal and/or sonographic assessments.
Norwegian Politics of Abortion: Perspectives, Arguments, and Values

Grid-group cultural theory is applied to an empirical analysis of five debates on abortion in the Norwegian Parliament between 1992 and 1996. Policy arguments concerning selective abortion and abortion in general are compared. In the cultural–theoretical literature, restrictive policy arguments towards abortion have been connected to the hierarchical cultural bias, whereas permissive policy arguments have been associated with egalitarian and individualistic worldviews. The empirical analysis, however, shows that there are various different connections between abortion policy arguments and cultural biases. The possibly contradictory situation that arises when parties switch between cultural biases is discussed, and the article concludes that grid-group cultural theory proves useful in relating the various abortion policy arguments to broader worldviews that transcend this particular policy issue.
Association of reduced renal function with hepatitis B virus infection and elevated alanine aminotransferase.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Clinically, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is observed to be associated with nephropathy. However, previous population-based studies failed to show an association between HBV infection and CKD. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was designed to further explore this association. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A representative sample of 6854 Chinese adults aged 30-75 years was tested for levels of serum hepatitis B surface antigen, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and potential CKD risk factors. RESULTS Neither HBV infection nor elevated ALT (ALT+; ≥ sex-specific 90th percentile of ALT levels of noninfected persons) was significantly associated with reduced estimated GFR (eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). Compared with noninfected persons, HBV-infected persons with ALT+, but not those with ALT- (P=0.26), were more likely to have reduced eGFR (odds ratio, 4.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-14.0; P=0.03). Further analysis with a general linear model revealed a significant difference in eGFR (mean ± SEM) between HBV-infected and noninfected persons (87.8±0.8 versus 90.2±0.4 ml/min per 1.73 m(2); P=0.002). This difference was mainly derived from that between HBV-infected persons with ALT+ and noninfected persons, with an average difference in eGFR of -4.5 (95% confidence interval, -0.9 to -8.1; P=0.01). HBV infection and ALT+, alone or in combination, were not significantly associated with albuminuria or CKD. CONCLUSIONS HBV infection with elevated ALT, rather than HBV infection alone, was associated with reduced renal function.