Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human resource information systems in health care: a systematic evidence review

Objective: This systematic review aimed to: (1) determine the prevalence and scope of existing research on human resource information systems (HRIS) in health organizations; (2) analyze, classify, and synthesize evidence on the processes and impacts of HRIS development, implementation, and adoption; and (3) generate recommendations for HRIS research, practice, and policy, with reference to the needs of different stakeholders. Methods: A structured search strategy was used to interrogate 10 electronic databases indexing research from the health, social, management, technology, and interdisciplinary sciences, alongside gray literature sources and reference lists of qualifying studies. There were no restrictions on language or publication year. Two reviewers screened publications, extracted data, and coded findings according to the innovation stages covered in the studies. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was adopted to assess study quality. The process of study selection was charted using a Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram. Results: Of the 6824 publications identified by the search strategy, 68, covering 42 studies, were included for final analysis. Research on HRIS in health was interdisciplinary, often atheoretical, conducted primarily in the hospital sector of high-income economies, and largely focused uncritically on use and realized benefits. Discussion and Conclusions: While studies of HRIS in health exist, the overall lack of evaluative research raises unanswered questions about their capacity to improve quality and efficiency and enable learning health systems, as well as how sociotechnical complexity influences implementation and effectiveness. We offer this analysis to decision makers and managers considering or currently implementing an HRIS, and make recommendations for further research. Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42015023581. http://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/display_record. asp? ID=CRD42015023581#. VYu1BPlVjDU.
A distributed k-anonymity protocol for location privacy

To benefit from a location-based service, a person must reveal her location to the service. However, knowing the person's location might allow the service to re-identify the person. Location privacy based on k-anonymity addresses this threat by cloaking the person's location such that there are at least k − 1 other people within the cloaked area and by revealing only the cloaked area to a location-based service. Previous research has explored two ways of cloaking: First, have a central server that knows everybody's location determine the cloaked area. However, this server needs to be trusted by all users and is a single point of failure. Second, have users jointly determine the cloaked area. However, this approach requires that all users trust each other, which will likely not hold in practice. We propose a distributed approach that does not have these drawbacks. Our approach assumes that there are multiple servers, each deployed by a different organization. A user's location is known to only one of the servers (e.g., to her cellphone provider), so there is no single entity that knows everybody's location. With the help of cryptography, the servers and a user jointly determine whether the k-anonymity property holds for the user's area, without the servers learning any additional information, not even whether the property holds. A user learns whether the k-anonymity property is satisfied and no other information. The evaluation of our sample implementation shows that our distributed k-anonymity protocol is sufficiently fast to be practical. Moreover, our protocol integrates well with existing infrastructures for location-based services, as opposed to the previous research.
Observational Prospects for Afterglows of Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts

If the efficiency for producing gamma rays is the same in short-duration (≲2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as in long-duration GRBs, then the average kinetic energy per solid angle in short GRBs must be ~20 times less than that of long GRBs. Assuming that the relativistic shocks in short- and long-GRB afterglows have similar parameters, we show that the afterglows of short GRBs will be, on average, 10-40 times dimmer than those of long GRBs. We find that the afterglow of a typical short GRB will be below the detection limit (≲30 μJy) of searches at radio frequencies. The afterglow would also be difficult to observe in the optical, where we predict R ≳ 23 10 hr after the burst. The radio and optical afterglows would be even fainter if short GRBs occurred in a low-density medium, as expected in neutron star-neutron star and neutron star-black hole merger models. Early (≲1 day) observations in X-rays offer the best prospects for detecting short-GRB afterglows.
PERSPECTIVE: REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION CAUSED BY NATURAL SELECTION AGAINST IMMIGRANTS FROM DIVERGENT HABITATS

Abstract The classification of reproductive isolating barriers laid out by Dobzhansky and Mayr has motivated and structured decades of research on speciation. We argue, however, that this classification is incomplete and that the unique contributions of a major source of reproductive isolation have often been overlooked. Here, we describe reproductive barriers that derive from the reduced survival of immigrants upon reaching foreign habitats that are ecologically divergent from their native habitat. This selection against immigrants reduces encounters and thus mating opportunities between individuals from divergently adapted populations. It also reduces the likelihood that successfully mated immigrant females will survive long enough to produce their hybrid offspring. Thus, natural selection against immigrants results in distinctive elements of premating and postmating reproductive isolation that we hereby dub “immigrant inviability. ” We quantify the contributions of immigrant inviability to total reproductive isolation by examining study systems where multiple components of reproductive isolation have been measured and demonstrate that these contributions are frequently greater than those of traditionally recognized reproductive barriers. The relevance of immigrant inviability is further illustrated by a consideration of population-genetic theory, a review of selection against immigrant alleles in hybrid zone studies, and an examination of its participation in feedback loops that influence the evolution of additional reproductive barriers. Because some degree of immigrant inviability will commonly exist between populations that exhibit adaptive ecological divergence, we emphasize that these barriers play critical roles in ecological modes of speciation. We hope that the formal recognition of immigrant inviability and our demonstration of its evolutionary importance will stimulate more explicit empirical studies of its contributions to speciation.
Effects of acute electromagnetic fields exposure on the interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity during resting state

In this paper, we aimed to investigate the possible effects of acute radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. We designed a controllable LTE-related EMF exposure environment at 2.573 GHz and performed the 30 min real/sham exposure experiments on human brain under the safety limits. The resting state fMRI signals were collected before and after EMF exposure. Then voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity method was utilized to evaluate the acute effects of LTE EMF exposure on the homotopic functional connectivity between two human hemispheres. Based on our previous research, we further demonstrated that the 30 min short-term LTE EMF exposure would modulate the interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity in resting state around the medial frontal gyrus and the paracentral lobule during the real exposure.
Direct synaptic connections of axons from superior colliculus with identified thalamo‐amygdaloid projection neurons in the rat: Possible substrates of a subcortical visual pathway to the amygdala

The aim of the present study was to identify synaptic contacts from axons originating in the superior colliculus with thalamic neurons projecting to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Axons from the superior colliculus were traced with the anterograde tracers Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin or the biotinylated and fluorescent dextran amine “Miniruby. ” Thalamo‐amygdaloid projection neurons were identified with the retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold. Injections of Fluoro‐Gold into the lateral nucleus of the amygdala labeled neurons in nuclei of the posterior thalamus which surround the medial geniculate body, viz. the suprageniculate nucleus, the medial division of the medial geniculate body, the posterior intralaminar nucleus, and the peripeduncular nucleus. Anterogradely labeled axons from the superior colliculus terminated in the same regions of the thalamus. Tecto‐thalamic axons originating from superficial collicular layers were found predominantly in the suprageniculate nucleus, whereas axons from deep collicular layers were detected in equal density in all thalamic nuclei surrounding the medial geniculate body. Double‐labeling experiments revealed an overlap of projection areas in the above‐mentioned thalamic nuclei. Electron microscopy of areas of overlap confirmed synaptic contacts of anterogradely labeled presynaptic profiles originating in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus with retrogradely labeled postsynaptic profiles of thalamo‐amygdaloid projection neurons. These connections may represent a subcortical pathway for visual information transfer to the amygdala. J. Comp. Neurol. 403:158–170, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of Particle Size of Ceramic Granule Blends on Mechanical Strength and Porosity of 3D Printed Scaffolds

3D printing is a promising method for the fabrication of scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering. To date, the mechanical strength of 3D printed ceramic scaffolds is not sufficient for a variety of applications in the reconstructive surgery. Mechanical strength is directly in relation with the porosity of the 3D printed scaffolds. The porosity is directly influenced by particle size and particle-size distribution of the raw material. To investigate this impact, a hydroxyapatite granule blend with a wide particle size distribution was fractioned by sieving. The specific fractions and bimodal mixtures of the sieved granule blend were used to 3D print specimens. It has been shown that an optimized arrangement of fractions with large and small particles can provide 3D printed specimens with good mechanical strength due to a higher packing density. An increase of mechanical strength can possibly expand the application area of 3D printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
High Pressure Experiments on Metal‐Silicate Partitioning of Chlorine in a Magma Ocean: Implications for Terrestrial Chlorine Depletion

In the bulk silicate Earth, chlorine is more depleted than other elements with similar volatilities; however, the cause of terrestrial chlorine depletion is not well understood. Two major hypotheses have been proposed to explain this depletion: Incorporation into the Earth's metallic core and escape to space. The former hypothesis can be tested by investigating the partitioning of chlorine between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts. In this study, we investigated the experimental partitioning of chlorine between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts at pressures from 4 to 23 GPa and temperatures from 1,650 to 2,400°C using multi‐anvil presses. The results demonstrate that chlorine is moderately to highly lithophile under the experimental conditions. In sulfur‐free experiments, chlorine becomes slightly more siderophile as temperature increases and less siderophile as pressure increases. For sulfur‐bearing experiments, no significant effects of pressure or temperature were observed. Based on these data and thermodynamic considerations, we obtained empirical laws to estimate chlorine partition coefficients between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts. Under the P‐T conditions that would have controlled metal‐silicate equilibration during core segregation in the Earth, the calculated metal‐silicate partition coefficients for chlorine are much lower than unity. This result suggests that terrestrial chlorine that may have been present in the accreting Earth was not partitioned into its core, supporting that escape to space is the more likely hypothesis. If terrestrial chlorine was lost to space, chlorine depletion may have resulted from the loss of the primordial hydrosphere during the formation of the Earth.
Is hand sewing comparable with stapling for anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy? A meta-analysis.

AIM To compare the outcome of hand sewing and stapling for anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. METHODS A rigorous study protocol was established according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. An electronic database search, hand search, and reference search were used to retrieve all randomized controlled trials that compared hand-sewn and mechanical esophagogastric anastomoses. RESULTS This study included 15 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2337 patients. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of anastomotic leakage between the methods [relative risk (RR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-1.04; P = 0.09], but a subgroup analysis yielded a significant difference for the sutured layer and year of publication (Ps < 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative mortality (RR = 1.52, 95%CI: 0.97-2.40; P = 0.07). However, the anastomotic strictures rate was increased in the stapler group compared with the hand-sewn group (RR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.11-1.91; P < 0.01) in the end-to-side subgroup, while the incidence of anastomotic strictures was decreased (RR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.16-0.76; P < 0.01) in the side-to-side subgroup. CONCLUSION The stapler reduces the anastomotic leakage rate compared with hand sewing. End-to-side stapling increases the risk of anastomotic strictures, but side-to-side stapling decreases the risk.
A dynamic game solution to malware attack

Given the flexibility that software-based operation provides, it is unreasonable to expect that new malware will demonstrate a fixed behavior over time. Instead, malware can dynamically change the parameters of their infective hosts in response to the dynamics of the network, in order to maximize their overall damage. However, in return, the network can also dynamically change its counter-measure parameters in order to attain a robust defense against the spread of malware while minimally affecting the normal performance of the network. The infinite dimension of freedom introduced by variation over time and antagonistic and strategic optimization of malware and network against each other demand new attempts for modeling and analysis. We develop a zero-sum dynamic game model and investigate the structural properties of the saddle-point strategies. We specifically show that saddle-point strategies are simple threshold-based policies and hence, a robust dynamic defense is practicable.
Risk Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Bipolar and Schizophrenia Subjects Treated With Antipsychotics: The Role of Folate Pharmacogenetics

Abstract Folate has been implicated in cardiovascular disease with atypical antipsychotic (AAPs) use, and individuals with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) variants are at greater risk. This study examined the relationship between the MTHFR 677C/T, MTHFR 1298A/C, and COMT Val158Met variants; metabolic syndrome; and lifestyle measures in schizophrenia and bipolar subjects. A total of 237 subjects with bipolar or schizophrenia receiving an antipsychotic for at least 6 months were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Subjects were screened for the metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and MTHFR 677C/T, MTHFR 1298A/C, and Val158Met genotypes. In addition, serum folate and homocysteine were measured along with lifestyle factors. The subject’s mean age was 44.7 (SD, 11.7) years; 72% were white, and 51% male; 61% were receiving an AAP; the mean body mass index was 32.6 (SD, 8.2) kg/m2, and 48% were current smokers. Overall, 41% met metabolic syndrome criteria (n = 98). There were no differences in age, sex, AAP exposure, or body mass index between genotype groups. Metabolic syndrome was related to age, smoking, and the MTHFR 677T and COMT 158Val alleles (&khgr;2 = 34.4, P < 0.0001). In addition, AAP use showed a trend association with metabolic syndrome (&khgr;2 = 3.21, P = 0.07). These data support our previous reports and add more data pointing to folate’s role in mediating a link between mental illness and cardiovascular disease. Use of this information clinically may help to reduce the risk for AAP metabolic complications in those whose clinical care necessitates the use of AAPs.
IUPHAR-DB: the IUPHAR database of G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels

The IUPHAR database (IUPHAR-DB) integrates peer-reviewed pharmacological, chemical, genetic, functional and anatomical information on the 354 nonsensory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 71 ligand-gated ion channel subunits and 141 voltage-gated-like ion channel subunits encoded by the human, rat and mouse genomes. These genes represent the targets of approximately one-third of currently approved drugs and are a major focus of drug discovery and development programs in the pharmaceutical industry. IUPHAR-DB provides a comprehensive description of the genes and their functions, with information on protein structure and interactions, ligands, expression patterns, signaling mechanisms, functional assays and biologically important receptor variants (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms and splice variants). In addition, the phenotypes resulting from altered gene expression (e.g. in genetically altered animals or in human genetic disorders) are described. The content of the database is peer reviewed by members of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC-IUPHAR); the data are provided through manual curation of the primary literature by a network of over 60 subcommittees of NC-IUPHAR. Links to other bioinformatics resources, such as NCBI, Uniprot, HGNC and the rat and mouse genome databases are provided. IUPHAR-DB is freely available at http://www.iuphar-db.org.
Walking Speed and Step Length Asymmetry Modify the Energy Cost of Walking After Stroke

Background. A higher energy cost of walking poststroke has been linked to reduced walking performance and reduced participation in the community. Objective. To determine the contribution of postintervention improvements in walking speed and spatiotemporal gait asymmetry to the reduction in the energy cost of walking after stroke. Methods. In all, 42 individuals with chronic hemiparesis (>6 months poststroke) were recruited to participate in 12 weeks of walking rehabilitation. The energy cost of walking, walking speed, and step length, swing time, and stance time asymmetries were calculated pretraining and posttraining. Sequential regression analyses tested the cross-sectional (ie, pretraining) and longitudinal (ie, posttraining changes) relationships between the energy cost of walking versus speed and each measure of asymmetry. Results. Pretraining walking speed (β = −.506) and swing time asymmetry (β = .403) predicted pretraining energy costs: adjR2 = 0.713; F(3, 37) = 34.05; P < . 001. In contrast, change in walking speed (β = .340) and change in step length asymmetry (β = .934) predicted change in energy costs with a significant interaction between these independent predictors: adjR2 = 0.699; F(4, 31) = 21.326; P < . 001. Moderation by the direction or the magnitude of pretraining asymmetry was not found. Conclusions. For persons in the chronic phase of stroke recovery, faster and more symmetric walking after intervention appears to be more energetically advantageous than merely walking faster or more symmetrically. This finding has important functional implications, given the relationship between the energy cost of walking and community walking participation.
Market Frictions, Price Delay, and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns

We parsimoniously characterize the severity of market frictions affecting a stock using the delay with which its share price responds to information. The most severely delayed firms command a large return premium that captures the size effect and half the value premium. Moreover, idiosyncratic risk is priced only among the most delayed firms. These results are not explained by other sources of return premia, microstructure, or pure liquidity effects, but appear most consistent with investor recognition and firm neglect. The very small segment of neglected firms (less than 0.02% of the market) captures a sizeable amount of cross-sectional variation in average returns.
Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005

Background The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. Methodology/Principal Findings Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. Conclusions/Significance Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate.