Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulses of Plagioclase-laden Magmas and Stratigraphic Evolution in the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa

Cumulate rocks of the Upper Main Zone and Upper Zone (UUMZ) of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, contain the world's major resources of Fe-Ti-V ±, hosted in Ti-magnetite and apatite, and are commonly considered as having crystallized from the last major injection of magma into the magma chamber. In this study, we present the petrography, modal proportions, whole-rock major element chemistry (260 samples), electron microprobe data (∼10 000 analyses for plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxene), and compiled analyses of Cr in magnetite (239 samples) for the UUMZ sampled over 2.1 km of the Bierkraal drill cores in the western limb of the Complex. The UUMZ section exhibits a broad normal fractionation trend upwards, but a series of reversals to more primitive anorthite contents in plagioclase, Mg# in pyroxenes and olivine, Cr in whole-rocks and Cr in magnetite separates are observed, accompanied by the appearance or disappearance of various minerals. Anorthosite or leucogabbro layers are closely linked to these reversals; the reversals in An % of plagioclase are used as boundaries to divide the UUMZ into 18 cycles. These cycles are interpreted as indications of magma chamber replenishment by plagioclase-laden magmas (up to 20 vol. % plagioclase) and are also marked by spikes in Cr content. In addition, abundant Fe-Ti oxide-bearing plagioclase-rich rocks are identified in the lower half of the UUMZ. These have crystallized from a hybrid melt produced by the mixing of a new plagioclase-bearing magma batch and the resident magma. Further crystallization of this hybrid liquid may lead to the formation of magnetite layers in the lower part of the UUMZ. The Bushveld UUMZ therefore grew by multiple emplacements of crystal-laden magmas coming from deep-seated chambers. Slow cooling in a shallow chamber explains the systematic bottom-up compositional evolution in the cumulate pile within individual cycles. The residual melt reached silicate liquid immiscibility soon after the saturation of apatite. Thereafter, segregation of conjugate Fe-rich and Si-rich melts and crystallization of the paired melts produces cumulates with a smooth upward decrease in Fe-Ti oxides, whereas plagioclase mode increases in each apatite-bearing cycle. A comparison of systematic geochemical analyses and a detailed lithological stratigraphy between the Bushveld limbs demonstrates the possible connectivity between the western and eastern Upper Zone but indicates notable differences from the Bellevue section of the northern limb.
HYPOTHALAMIC DIGOXIN, HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE, AND NEUROBIOLOGY OF LOVE AND AFFECTION

The human hypothalamus produces an endogenous membrane Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor, digoxin, which can regulate neuronal transmission. The digoxin status and neurotransmitter patterns were studied in individuals with a predilection to fall in love. It was also studied in individuals with differing hemispheric dominance to find out the role of cerebral dominance in this respect. In individuals with a predilection to fall in love there was decreased digoxin synthesis, increased membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity, decreased tryptophan catabolites (serotonin, quinolinic acid, and nicotine), and increased tyrosine catabolites (dopamine, noradrenaline, and morphine). This pattern correlated with that obtained in left hemispheric chemical dominance. Hemispheric dominance and hypothalamic digoxin could regulate the predisposition to fall in love.
Why angina pectoris in aortic stenosis.

The mechanism of angina pectoris in aortic stenosis is unclear. In their report in this issue of Circulation , Julius et al1 describe several hemodynamic factors in patients with angina pectoris that differ from those in persons without angina in the presence of aortic stenosis. Those patients with aortic stenosis and angina pectoris had lower left ventricular (LV) mass, increased LV peak systolic pressure, increased systolic-diastolic wall stress, smaller left coronary artery diameter, and lower coronary flow reserve compared with persons without angina. The authors conclude that myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris in aortic stenosis are due to inadequate LV hypertrophy, with high systolic and diastolic wall stresses causing reduced coronary flow reserve. Although these factors do differ between the groups of patients with and without angina pectoris in aortic stenosis, there is such great overlap between the groups that these hemodynamic measurements do not correlate specifically with angina pectoris in individuals. Furthermore, it is difficult to explain ischemia on the basis of limited coronary flow reserve when, in fact, there is remaining coronary flow reserve, as indicated by average flow reserves of 1.5 and 1.9 in those with and without angina, ie, 50% to 90% increases in blood flow after dipyridamole administration. Given the wide range of variability and overlap between the groups, it is difficult to ascribe myocardial ischemia to differences in coronary flow reserve when flow reserve was so markedly reduced in both groups. Coronary flow reserve is so comparably reduced in both groups with so much overlap that explaining angina pectoris on the basis of reduced flow reserve is unconvincing. Although the authors have contributed valuable information to this question, their conclusions remain moot. There is a missing link that the authors do not address which is a more specific mechanism for myocardial ischemia and …
Thalamic and prefrontal FDG uptake in never medicated patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Because neuroleptic treatment may cause long-lasting changes in brain structure and function, a group of patients with schizophrenia who had never been medicated was recruited to examine regional glucose metabolic rates in the frontal-striato-thalamic circuit. METHOD Twelve never medicated patients with schizophrenia (seven men, five women; mean age=29 years) and 13 normal volunteers (eight men and five women; mean age=28.5 years) underwent (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, and coregistered anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scans were also obtained. During FDG uptake, subjects performed a spatial attention task previously shown to activate the pulvinar region of the thalamus. RESULTS Diminished regional glucose metabolism was found in the medial dorsal nucleus, posterior thalamus, and prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia relative to normal volunteers, extending earlier results from studies of medicated and previously medicated patients. CONCLUSIONS The finding of lower relative metabolic rates in the frontothalamic circuits of patients with schizophrenia is consistent with extended circuit deficits involving interactions of frontal executive areas with thalamic sensory and association processes.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Clustering Cycles into Cycles of Clusters

In this paper we study simple families of clustered graphs that are highly unconnected. We start by studying 3-cluster cycles, which are clustered graphs such that the underlying graph is a simple cycle and there are three clusters all at the same level. We show that in this case, testing the c-planarity can be done efficiently and give an efficient drawing algorithm. Also, we characterize 3-cluster cycles in terms of formal grammars. Finally, we generalize the results on 3-cluster cycles considering clustered graphs that have a cycle structure at each level of the inclusion tree. We present efficient c-planarity testing and drawing algorithms also for this case.
PCR Detection of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus Ticks and Wild Small Mammals in Western Switzerland

ABSTRACT The presence of granulocytic ehrlichiae was demonstrated by PCR inIxodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in Switzerland in two areas of endemicity for bovine ehrlichiosis. Six ticks (three females and three nymphs) (1.4%) of 417 I. ricinus ticks collected by flagging vegetation contained ehrlichial DNA. A total of 201 small mammals from five species, wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), earth vole (Pitymys subterraneus), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and common shrew (Sorex araneus), were trapped. The analysis of I. ricinus mammals collected on 116 small mammals showed that nine C. glareolus voles and two A. sylvaticus mice hosted infected tick larvae. In these rodents, granulocytic ehrlichia infection was also detected in blood, spleen, liver, and ear samples. Further examinations of 190 small mammals without ticks or with noninfected ticks showed the presence of ehrlichial DNA in spleen and other tissues from six additional C. glareolus, three A. flavicollis, and one S. araneus mammals. This study suggests thatA. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, S. araneus, and particularly C. glareolus are likely to be natural reservoirs for granulocytic ehrlichiae. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of granulocytic ehrlichiae from ticks and rodents showed a high degree of homology (99 to 100%) with granulocytic ehrlichiae isolated from humans. In contrast, groESL heat shock operon sequence analysis showed a strong divergence (approximately 5%) between the sequences in samples derived from rodents and those derived from samples from questing ticks or from other published ehrlichia sequences. Dual infections with granulocytic ehrlichia andBorrelia burgdorferi were found in ticks and small mammals.
Rock mechanics of the Black Star open cut, Mount Isa

Studies of the friction between rock surfaces 12 in. square have been made by sliding / a block with plane parallel surfaces between two others in a testing machine. The nonnal stress · was applied by flat jacks. The frictional behaviour of the materials was found to be very greatly ; influenced by the nature of the surfaces. With moderately rough surfaces the tangential force rose sfowly with the relative displacement of the surfaces. With finely ground surfaces, regt. lar stick-slip relaxation oscillations occurred whose amplitude was determined by the coefficients of static and dynamic friction and the stiffness of the testing machine. Such oscillations could be produced or inhibited by dec;easing or increasing the roughness of the surface.
ELDRS in bipolar linear circuits: A review

Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS) in bipolar linear transistors was first identified in bipolar microcircuit transistors in 1991 and demonstrated in bipolar linear circuits in 1994. Since then it has been a major topic of research, characterization and analysis. Data compendia of low dose rate enhancement factors were presented in 1996, 2001 and 2008, identifying 30 unique widely used circuit types as susceptible to ELDRS. Early work on ELDRS was directed toward identifying mechanisms, characterizing circuits and developing hardness assurance methods, concentrating on accelerated testing techniques. More recently the research has focused on the effects of pre-irradiation elevated temperature stress (PETS), final passivation layers and molecular hydrogen in the package on the ELDRS response. In this review paper an update is given on ELDRS in bipolar linear circuits, including the most recent results of mechanisms research, and the effects of post metallization processing on the total ionizing dose response.
Modeling the Effect of Green Infrastructure on Direct Runoff Reduction in Residential Areas

Urbanization causes a serious impact on storm water systems by expansion of impervious surfaces. Low Impact Development (LID) is a technique growing in popularity to solve the issue of storm water management. However, to evaluate the benefits of LIDs is a difficult task due to realistic parametrization of LIDs and subcatchments for modeling. The goals of this study are: a) to provide a practical guideline to parameterize and simulate LIDs (bio-retention and rain barrels) in residential areas; and b) to evaluate the resulting effect on the current drainage system under various design storms. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model 5 (SWMM5) was used to simulate the hydrologic performance of LID controls and their effects on reducing direct runoff from a residential area, Klusner Avenue in Parma, Ohio. This study conceptualized the study site in reasonable detail, including house, garage, backyard, tree lawn, driveway, sidewalk, and street, so that the performance of LID controls could be identified easily. Specifically, a street catchment was carefully modeled using an open-conduit routing option, which simulated the street drainage systems more effectively. SWMM5 parameters were calibrated using the observed rainfall-runoff data which was collected before implementing LID practices at Klusner Avenue. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) had a value of 0.69 for the
Two-Color Fourier Analysis of Iterative Algorithms for Elliptic Problems with Red/Black Ordering

The red/black ordering scheme is often used to increase the parallelism of iterative methods for solving elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). However, the convergence rates are also affected, often adversely. This paper provides a unified approach, called the two-color Fourier analysis, to study the convergence rates of iterative algorithms for elliptic problems with the red/black ordering. This Fourier tool is used to analyze different types of iterative algorithms, including the successive over-relaxation (SOR) method, symmetric successive over-relaxation (SSOR) method, preconditioned iterative methods with SSOR, ILU, and MILU preconditioners, and multigrid (MG) methods. By comparing the convergence rates of algorithms with the natural and red/black orderings, it is shown that although the red/black ordering does not affect the rate of convergence in the context of SOR and MG methods, it slows down the convergence significantly in the context of SSOR and preconditioned iterative methods.
The Soundscape Quality in Some Urban Parks in Milan, Italy

Urban parks play an important role in preserving and promoting the health of citizens who are often exposed to noise pollution and the stress of daily life. The present study describes the main results obtained from a survey performed in five urban parks in Milan. Measurements of the acoustic environment were carried out in 29 sites together with interviews with 231 users on certain aspects of the parks not limited to merely sound. Acoustic data show that the surveyed parks mostly do not comply with the noise limit issued by the Italian legislation on protected areas. The unweighted 1/3-octave spectrum centre of gravity G and LA50 perform satisfactorily in discriminating among the acoustic environments. Such clear distinction was not observed in the subjective ratings on the perceived quality of the soundscape, likely due to the influence by non-acoustic factors that act as mediators in the assessment. This hypothesis is supported by the collected data on the perceived quality of quietness, which was rated worse than that of the soundscape. Comparing acoustic data with ratings, the perceived quality of the total environment was found to be less dependent on LAeq than soundscape and quietness.
Exploring motivations for adventure recreation events: a New Zealand study

Adventure recreation events are a relatively new form of leisure that have become increasingly popular since the 1990s, yet little is known about motivations for participation. In this study, participant motivations were investigated through an interpretive methodology and the theoretical framework of self-determination theory (SDT). Exploratory, in-depth interviews with 22 participants in six different New Zealand events revealed intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, some of which overlap with motivations previously found for endurance sports and others which are also associated with outdoor recreation. In addition, two sets of dynamic relationships between motivations appear to exist: one set is competence, challenge and self-responsibility and the other is adventure, place and identity. These relationships need closer investigation. There is wide scope for further research that extends understanding of motivation for adventure recreation events beyond the context studied.
Chimpanzees breed with genetically dissimilar mates

Inbreeding adversely affects fitness, whereas heterozygosity often augments it. Therefore, mechanisms to avoid inbreeding and increase genetic distance between mates should be advantageous in species where adult relatives reside together. Here we investigate mate choice for genetic dissimilarity in chimpanzees, a species in which many females avoid inbreeding through dispersal, but where promiscuous mating and sexual coercion can limit choice when related adults reside together. We take advantage of incomplete female dispersal in Gombe National Park, Tanzania to compare mate choice for genetic dissimilarity among immigrant and natal females in two communities using pairwise relatedness measures in 135 genotyped chimpanzees. As expected, natal females were more related to adult males in their community than were immigrant females. However, among 62 breeding events, natal females were not more related to the sires of their offspring than immigrant females, despite four instances of close inbreeding. Moreover, females were generally less related to the sires of their offspring than to non-sires. These results demonstrate that chimpanzees may be capable of detecting relatedness and selecting mates on the basis of genetic distance.
Minimum convex hull mass estimations of complete mounted skeletons

Body mass is a critical parameter used to constrain biomechanical and physiological traits of organisms. Volumetric methods are becoming more common as techniques for estimating the body masses of fossil vertebrates. However, they are often accused of excessive subjective input when estimating the thickness of missing soft tissue. Here, we demonstrate an alternative approach where a minimum convex hull is derived mathematically from the point cloud generated by laser-scanning mounted skeletons. This has the advantage of requiring minimal user intervention and is thus more objective and far quicker. We test this method on 14 relatively large-bodied mammalian skeletons and demonstrate that it consistently underestimates body mass by 21 per cent with minimal scatter around the regression line. We therefore suggest that it is a robust method of estimating body mass where a mounted skeletal reconstruction is available and demonstrate its usage to predict the body mass of one of the largest, relatively complete sauropod dinosaurs: Giraffatitan brancai (previously Brachiosaurus) as 23200 kg.
Oxalate deposits in biopsies from native and transplanted kidneys, and impact on graft function.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of oxalate deposits in native and renal allograft biopsies, and its impact on graft function. METHODS The renal biopsy files at The Johns Hopkins University between 2000 and 2006 were searched to identify biopsies with oxalate deposits, determine the density of oxalate deposits in renal graft biopsies, compare graft histology and function between allograft recipients with oxalate in the graft biopsies, and a control group of recipients without oxalate in the graft. RESULTS Oxalate crystal deposits were observed in 61 of 5160 biopsies of native kidneys, and in 76 of 1621 renal allograft biopsies, with a frequency of 1 and 4%, respectively. Sixty-three (9%) of 680 transplant recipients showed oxalate in graft biopsies obtained within the first year from transplantation, with 1.3 +/- 1.2 average number of oxalate deposits per mm(2) of biopsy tissue. The high oxalate density and decreased renal function were correlated in the first 2 years post-transplant (P = 0.037-0.05). Compared with a control group of 70 kidney graft recipients, the renal function was significantly lower in the oxalate group at 1 year, but not at 2 years post-transplant. High tubulo-interstitial scarring (P < 0.0001) was noted in repeated biopsies in the oxalate group, and was significantly greater than that in the control group (P = 0.027). No significant difference in graft loss was observed between oxalate and control groups, and although mortality was higher in the oxalate group, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study defines the frequency of oxalate deposition in native and allograft kidney biopsies, and suggests its possible negative impact on graft function beyond the early post-transplant period.
Right Propositional Neighborhood Logic over Natural Numbers with Integer Constraints for Interval Lengths

Interval temporal logics are based on interval structures over linearly (or partially) ordered domains, where time intervals, rather than time instants, are the primitive ontological entities. In this paper we introduce and study Right Propositional Neighborhood Logic over natural numbers with integer constraints for interval lengths, which is a propositional interval temporal logic featuring a modality for the `right neighborhood' relation between intervals and explicit integer constraints for interval lengths. We prove that it has the bounded model property with respect to ultimately periodic models and is therefore decidable. In addition, we provide an EXPSPACE procedure for satisfiability checking and we prove EXPSPACE-hardness by a reduction from the exponential corridor tiling problem.
Improved results for route planning in stochastic transportation

In the bus network problem, the goal is to generate a plan for getting from point X to point Y within a city using buses in the smallest expected time. Because bus arrival times are not determined by a fixed schedule but instead may be random, the problem requires more than standard shortest path techniques. In recent work, Datar and Ranade provide algorithms in the case where bus arrivals are assumed to be independent and exponentially distributed. We offer solutions to two important generalizations of the problem, answering open questions posed by Datar and Ranade. First, we provide a polynomial time algorithm for a much wider class of arrival distributions, namely those with increasing failure rate. This class includes not only exponential distributions but also uniform, normal, and gamma distributions. Second, in the case where bus arrival times are independent and geometric discrete random variables, we provide an algorithm for transportation networks of buses and trains, where trains run according to a fixed schedule.