Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Philadelphia Story-Featuring Ned Williams: Microbiology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine

Early History M icrobiology has a long and prestigious presence at the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine. The high visibility of a basic discipline such as bacteriology at a very early stage in the development of the dental school was no doubt influenced by the presence of prominent bacteriologists at the famous Laboratory of Hygiene of the University of Pennsylvania. The history of the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine really begins in 1878, with the creation of a Department of Dentistry. This Department merged with the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1909 to become the third University-affiliated dental school in the country (after Harvard and Michigan). One of the members of the first graduating class (1879) was Willoughby Dayton (W.D.) Miller, AB, DDS, MD, PhD, ScD (1853-1907). He was interested in the relatively new science of bacteriology and went on to take graduate studies in this discipline. Later, at the University of Berlin, he studied with Professor Robert Koch, discoverer of the tubercule bacillus, champion of pure culture techniques, and formulator of Koch's Postulates. Miller proposed the bacterio-chemical theory of dental caries, and his work, "Die Mikroorganismen der Mundhohle" (Micro-organisms of the Human Mouth), published in 1889 (Miller, 1890), is one of the classics in dental literature and a landmark in dental education. This treatise is thought to have re-oriented the dental profession from treatment to prevention. The study of bacteriology was instituted as a new course for third-year dental students in 1896. Alexander Crever Abbott, MD, DrPH, ScD (1860-1935), the Pepper Professor of Hygiene and Director of the Laboratory of Hygiene at the University of Pennsylvania, was hired as the course director. Among his seminal works was The Hygiene of Transmissible Diseases
The Paranasal Air Sinuses of Predatory and Armored Dinosaurs (Archosauria: Theropoda and Ankylosauria) and Their Contribution to Cephalic Structure

The paranasal air sinuses and nasal cavities were studied along with other cephalic spaces (brain cavity, paratympanic sinuses) in certain dinosaurs via CT scanning and 3D visualization to document the anatomy and examine the contribution of the sinuses to the morphological organization of the head as a whole. Two representatives each of two dinosaur clades are compared: the theropod saurischians Majungasaurus and Tyrannosaurus and the ankylosaurian ornithischians Panoplosaurus and Euoplocephalus. Their extant archosaurian outgroups, birds and crocodilians (exemplified by ostrich and alligator), display a diversity of paranasal sinuses, yet they share only a single homologous antorbital sinus, which in birds has an important subsidiary diverticulum, the suborbital sinus. Both of the theropods had a large antorbital sinus that pneumatized many of the facial and palatal bones as well as a birdlike suborbital sinus. Given that the suborbital sinus interleaves with jaw muscles, the paranasal sinuses of at least some theropods (including birds) were actively ventilated rather than being dead‐air spaces. Although many ankylosaurians have been thought to have had extensive paranasal sinuses, most of the snout is instead (and surprisingly) often occupied by a highly convoluted airway. Digital segmentation, coupled with 3D visualization and analysis, allows the positions of the sinuses to be viewed in place within both the skull and the head and then measured volumetrically. These quantitative data allow the first reliable estimates of dinosaur head mass and an assessment of the potential savings in mass afforded by the sinuses. Anat Rec, 291:1362–1388, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new 21-cm absorber identified with an L ~ L* galaxy

We present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations of redshifted 21-cm absorption from the $z=0.437$ metal line absorption system towards PKS 1243-072. HI absorption is clearly detected; the absorption profile has a velocity spread of ∼ 20 km s -1 . Detection of 21-cm absorption indicates that the absorber has an HI column density large enough to be classified as a damped Lyman- α system. Follow up ground based optical imaging and spectroscopy allow us to identify the absorber with an $L \sim L^\star$ galaxy at an impact parameter of ∼ 9.8 kpc from the line of sight to the QSO. The absorbing galaxy is unusual in that it has bright emission lines. On the basis of the optical spectrum we are unable to uniquely classify the galaxy since its emission line ratios lie in the transition region between starburst and Seyfert II type spectra.
Sleep Duration and “on” Time during Different Periods of the Day and Night in Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease Receiving Adjunctive Ropinirole Prolonged Release

Patients undergoing long-term therapy for PD often experience motor fluctuations and nocturnal disturbances. In a post-hoc analysis, we explored effects of ropinirole prolonged release on sleep, night-time awakenings, and “on” time over 24 hours. Patients with advanced PD suboptimally controlled with L-dopa were randomized to adjunctive ropinirole prolonged release (2–24 mg/day) or placebo for 24 weeks. Awake/asleep and, if awake, “on”/“off” status was recorded via diary cards. At week 24 last observation carried forward, changes in nighttime or daytime sleep duration were not significantly different between treatments. Of patients with baseline awakenings, a significantly higher proportion in the ropinirole prolonged release group had a reduction in awakenings versus placebo. Patients receiving ropinirole prolonged release had a significantly greater increase in amount/percentage of awake time “on”/“on” without troublesome dyskinesia during all periods assessed (including night-time and early morning), versus placebo, and higher odds for being “on” on waking. Adjunctive once-daily ropinirole prolonged release may help provide 24-hour symptom control in patients with advanced PD not optimally controlled with L-dopa.
Child personality facets and overreactive parenting as predictors of aggression and rule-breaking trajectories from childhood to adolescence

Abstract This study examined trajectories of aggression and rule breaking during the transition from childhood to adolescence (ages 9–15), and determined whether these trajectories were predicted by lower order personality facets, overreactive parenting, and their interaction. At three time points separated by 2-year intervals, mothers and fathers reported on their children's aggression and rule breaking (N = 290, M age = 8.8 years at Time 1). At Time 1, parents reported on their children's personality traits and their own overreactivity. Growth mixture modeling identified three aggression trajectories (low decreasing, high decreasing, and high increasing) and two rule-breaking trajectories (low and high). Lower optimism and compliance and higher energy predicted trajectories for both aggression and rule breaking, whereas higher expressiveness and irritability and lower orderliness and perseverance were unique risk factors for increasing aggression into adolescence. Lower concentration was a unique risk factor for increasing rule breaking. Parental overreactivity predicted higher trajectories of aggression but not rule breaking. Only two Trait × Overreactivity interactions were found. Our results indicate that personality facets could differentiate children at risk for different developmental trajectories of aggression and rule breaking.
The influence of lifestyle and health status factors on sleep loss among the Japanese general population.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between lifestyle, health status factors and sleep loss. DESIGN A cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. SETTING N/A. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Approximately 30,000 subjects selected from the general population in Japan. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS This study indicated that approximately 28% of the general population sleep less than 6 hours nightly and approximately 65% sleep less than 7 hours. However, approximately 80% of the population reported getting sufficient sleep. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being females, being of younger age, living in an urban environment, being unemployed, and having an unhealthy lifestyle (i.e., lack of exercise, poor health status, and irregular eating habits) were associated with sleep loss. CONCLUSION In this study, sleep loss was found to be associated with having an unhealthy lifestyle and being in poor general health. These findings suggest that health education and promotion of a healthy lifestyle should be advocated.
“Stromatogenesis” and Tumor Progression

“Stromatogenesis” is the formation of new stroma occurring, in parallel with the neoplastic process, at sites of active tumor invasion, i.e., at the free surface of a developing exophytic tumor, at the invading tumor front of an advancing endophytic tumor, and at sites of tumor metastasis, wherein the newly formed stroma disrupts the continuity of normal structures, cleaving paths for the invading tumor cells. Stroma is also present at the heart of the tumor, but only as a secondary event following tumor advancement and subsequent incorporation of its periphery into inner tumor areas. The new stroma, composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), is loose and edematous at the expanding tumor fronts, and rather dense in central tumor areas and sites of tumor metastasis. The stromal cells facing tumor invasion are intensely proliferating (high MIB-1 index) spindle-shaped cells, cc-smooth muscle actin positive, and loaded with thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine). The associated ECM is rich in collagen III, SPARC, and new blood vessels (CD31) but is depleted of collagen I and fibronectin. These constitutional changes render stromatogenesis amenable to tumor cell invasion and are, in cases of incipient neoplasia, a prospective criterion of early stromal invasion. Other stromal cell or ECM constituents, such as the lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5), the acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), the basic FGF (bFGF), and the collagens II and IV, remain unchanged, and others are negative: myosin, desmin, S-100 protein and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The mechanism of stromatogenesis is obscure but is probably stimulated by specific stromatogenic growth factors, released by neoplastic and inflammatory cells. It appears that the process is neither neoplastic nor reactive, but rather is a, hereto unexplained, phenomenon of host's complicity in tumor progression.
Dysfunctional Audit Behaviour: The Effects of Employee Performance, Turnover Intentions and Locus of Control

Dysfunctional audit behaviour (DAB) and staff turnover are associated with decreased audit quality (Public Oversight Board, 2000). This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies employee performance, turnover intentions and locus of control as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. Using a path analysis technique, survey results from 225 auditors support the theoretical model.
Lust? Love? Status?: Young Adults' Motives for Engaging in Casual Sex

Abstract Although an impressive body of knowledge exists about the attitudes toward and correlates of short-term sex, little is known about men's and women's motives for seeking casual sex partners and for engaging in casual sexual encounters. Men and women college students who had entered casual sexual liaisons were asked to describe the reasons or motives that prompted their behavior in a free response, essay format. As expected, men and women generated similar reasons. Specifically, both genders emphasized intraindividual factors (e.g., sexual desire, sexual experimentation, physical pleasure, alcohol use) and factors associated with the casual sex partner (e.g., attractiveness) as reasons for their short-term sexual encounter(s). In addition, however, a number of gender differences were found. Men more than women emphasized social environmental reasons (e.g., status enhancement, normative peer group behavior), whereas women more than men cited interpersonal reasons (e.g., increase probability of long-.
Evaluation of the Toxicity of Pradosia huberi Extract during the Preimplantation in Wistar Rats

The treatment during the embryonic preimplantation phase of Wistar rats with the Pradosia huberi extract did not interfere with the water and feed consumption, as well as upon the body-weight gain. However, it has expressed a decrease of the uterine implant number, followed by the preimplantation losses at all applied doses (1.22, 6.1, and 30.5 mg/kg), and the number of embryonic resorptions in the two highest doses (6.1 and 30.5 mg/kg). After the organ weighing (hypophysis, ovaries, and uterus), only the relative weight of the hypophysis was raised at the different doses (1.22, 6.1, and 30.5 mg/kg). It was concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of Pradosia huberi compromises the reproductive ability during the embryonic preimplantation phase, suggesting a possible toxic effect upon the reproductive system of Wistar rats.
Perceptual Information for the Timing of Interceptive Action

Time-to-contact is an important quantity for controlling activities which involve the timing of interactions with objects and surfaces in motion relative to an observer. Two alternative means for obtaining perceptual information that might be used to obtain the time-to-contact required to correctly time an interaction have been contrasted: a method based on the perception of distance and velocity, and a method due to Lee involving a perceptual variable called tau. A monocular version of the first method is presented and shown to place a highly unrealistic and arbitrary limitation on the capabilities of the visual system. The second method is reviewed and its limitations discussed. Several means by which these limitations can be overcome are presented. Recently reported results from experiments which involved catching self-luminous balls in the dark are interpreted in terms of timing information available to the subject, and the notions of intermodal and multimodal timing information are introduced. Finally, the possibility that timing information is available to an observer which does not involve the variable tau is considered. It is concluded that many questions regarding the perception of time-to-contact remain unresolved and that much empirical research remains to be done.
Non-commercial Research and Educational Use including without Limitation Use in Instruction at Your Institution, Sending It to Specific Colleagues That You Know, and Providing a Copy to Your Institution's Administrator. All Other Uses, Reproduction and Distribution, including without Limitation Comm

The convex–concave rule is considered an important theory during treatment decision-making (Kirby et al., 2007). According to this rule (Fig. 1) the therapist moves a bone with a convex joint surface opposite to the direction of restricted movement of the distal aspect of the bone (e.g. the head of humerus inferiorly for restricted shoulder abduction). However, a concave joint surface is mobilized in the same direction as the direction of the restricted bone movement (e.g. the tibia condyles anteriorly for restricted knee extension) (Kaltenborn, 2002: p 34). Recent studies are questioning this principle. On 3D reconstructions of helical CT data of 3 asymptomatic shoulders Baeyens et al. (2000) for example observed a posterior translation of humeral head during external rotation in 90 abduction. However, the convex–concave rule predicts an anterior glide for external rotation. This observation could also be made in 3 symptomatic shoulders with minor instability (Baeyens et al., 2001). The same method of 3D reconstructions of helical CT data was used in the analyses of pro-and supination of the forearm (Baeyens et al., 2006). It was found for example a posterior translation of the radial head during supination in the proximal radio-ulnar joint, while the convex–concave rule predicts anterior gliding of the radial head's joint surface on the radial notch of ulna. Cattrysse et al. (2005) used an electromagnetic tracking device to study coupled motions of the acromioclavicular, glenohumeral and humero-ulnar joints on cadavers. With mathematical calculations they deduced intra-articular kinematics which were not according to the convex–concave principle. Brandt et al. (2007) found in their literature review inconsistent evidence, poor meth-odological quality, and heterogeneity of the studies, so that no clear conclusion could be drawn on the direction of translation of the humeral head. Johnson et al. (2007) evaluated the effect of the gliding mobilization in 20 patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder). Half of the patients were mobilized anteriorly and the other half posteriorly. They found pain alleviation in both groups, but the posterior mobilization group had better results in range of motion – although the convex–concave rule predicts anterior gliding of the humeral head during external rotation. The aim of this paper is to explain the mechanics of the convex– concave rule and then to discuss possible misinterpretations in the above mentioned studies. 2. Mechanics of the convex–concave rule During the movement of a bone around an axis (¼osteokinematics), its joint surface is doing complex …
Motorcycle injuries in a developing country and the vulnerability of riders, passengers, and pedestrians

At a Nigerian university hospital, none of the motorcyclists who presented over a 12 month period had been wearing a helmet, and of the eight patients who died, seven had head injuries. Of the five collision types described, the rate of motorcycle-other vehicle collisions was highest at 40.6%, while the motorcycle-pedestrian rate was 23.4%. Measures to prevent these collisions might reduce overall crashes by 64%; in addition, helmet law should be enforced.
The impact of auditory working memory training on the fronto-parietal working memory network

Working memory training has been widely used to investigate working memory processes. We have shown previously that visual working memory benefits only from intra-modal visual but not from across-modal auditory working memory training. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study we examined whether auditory working memory processes can also be trained specifically and which training-induced activation changes accompany theses effects. It was investigated whether working memory training with strongly distinct auditory materials transfers exclusively to an auditory (intra-modal) working memory task or whether it generalizes to a (across-modal) visual working memory task. We used adaptive n-back training with tonal sequences and a passive control condition. The memory training led to a reliable training gain. Transfer effects were found for the (intra-modal) auditory but not for the (across-modal) visual transfer task. Training-induced activation decreases in the auditory transfer task were found in two regions in the right inferior frontal gyrus. These effects confirm our previous findings in the visual modality and extents intra-modal effects in the prefrontal cortex to the auditory modality. As the right inferior frontal gyrus is frequently found in maintaining modality-specific auditory information, these results might reflect increased neural efficiency in auditory working memory processes. Furthermore, task-unspecific (amodal) activation decreases in the visual and auditory transfer task were found in the right inferior parietal lobule and the superior portion of the right middle frontal gyrus reflecting less demand on general attentional control processes. These data are in good agreement with amodal activation decreases within the same brain regions on a visual transfer task reported previously.
Comparative study of modern convolutional neural networks for smoke detection on image data

This work evaluates modern convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the task of smoke detection on image data. The networks that were tested are AlexNet, Inception-V3, Inception-V4, ResNet, VGG, and Xception. They all have shown high performance on huge ImageNet dataset, but the possibility of using such CNNs needed to be checked for a very specific task of smoke detection with a high diversity of possible scenarios and a small available dataset. Experimental results have shown that inception-based networks reach high performance when samples in the training dataset cover enough scenarios while accuracy dramatically drops when older networks are utilized.
Sex Differences in Jealousy: Not Gone, Not Forgotten, and Not Explained by Alternative Hypotheses

More than a decade before there were systematic etnpirical tests of the proposition, evolutionary psychologists hypothesized that men and women would differ psychologically in the weighting given to the cues that trigger sexual jealousy (Daly, Wilson, & Weghorst, 1982: Symons, 1979). Because fertilization occurs internally within women, over hutnan evolutionary history men have recurrently faced an adaptive problem not faced by women—the problem of uncertainty in their genetic parentage of offspring. Sexual infidelities by a man's mate would have compromised his paternity, threatening the loss of his investments, commitments, and mating effort, as well as his partner's parental effort—all of which risked getting channeled to another man's children. Men's jealousy, therefore, has been hypothesized to be triggered by cues to . sexual infidelity. Over human evolutionary history women did not face the adaptive problem of maternity uncertainty. The internal fertilization of a woman's own eggs meant that the certainty in her genetic parentage did not deviate from 1009? From an ancestral woman's perspective, however, infidelities by her regular mate could have been enormously damaging. The man's time, energy, commitment, parental investment, and resources could get channeled to another woman and her children. For these reasons, evolutionary psychologists have hypothesized that women's jealousy would be triggered by cues to the long-term diversion of such commitments, such as a man's emotional involvement with another woman (Daly et al., 1982; Symons, 1979). Emotional involvement and sexual infidelity are clearly correlated events in everyday life, and hence both sexes are predicted to be attuned to both sources of strategic interference (Buss, 1989; Buss, Larsen, Westen, & Semmelroth, 1992). But these events can and do occur without one another: A casual sexual encounter need not entail emotional involvement, and deep emotional involvement can occur in the absence of sexual intercourse. The sexes are predicted to differ in the weighting of the cues to these two kinds of infidelity, with men more intensely focused on sexual and women on emotional infidelity. DeSteno and Salovey (DS, this issue) have proposed an alternative explanation, the "double-shot hypothesis," to account for empirically discovered sex differences corresponding to the evolutionary predictions. Harris and Christenfeld's (HC, this issue) "logical belief hypothesis" is a variant of this alternative. The double-shot hypothesis proposes that the obtained sex differences are due not to evolved psychological differences, but rather to different beliefs (in some groups of men and