Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Joint Estimation of Filipino Child’s Participation in Schooling and Employment and New Stylized Facts on the Philippine Child Labor Situation

This study utilized the recently available public use raw data file of the 2011 round of the Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS) to establish the latest stylized facts on the Philippine child labor situation. Public use file of the 2008 APIS was also used to generate comparative descriptives. It is also an attempt to jointly estimate the schooling and employment choices of Filipino children via the multinomial logit model that used the four different permutations of schooling and employment as the mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories of choice. A value added feature of the study is the use of survey design consistent procedures in establishing the descriptives as well as the estimates of the main empirical model. Tabulated summaries of the results reveal some alarming developments in the child labor situation of the country. The outcome of the econometric modeling confirms the empirical relevance of certain covariates discussed in the literature concerning schooling/work choice formation of Filipino children. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-PH;}
R&D Performance in Chinese industry

This research, which investigates a set of fundamental relationships in the R&D literature, is based on an unusually rich set of panel data covering the population of China’s large and medium-size manufacturing enterprises. Using a recursive three-equation system, we investigate the determinants of firm-level R&D intensity, the process of knowledge production, and the impact of innovation on firm performance. Several results stand out. Overall, the statistical relationships within the model are surprisingly robust, including the contributions of R&D expenditure to new product (NP) innovation, productivity, and profitability. The roles of firm size, market concentration, and profitability in driving R&D effort parallel to those found in the US literature. We find that new product (NP) innovation accounts for approximately 12% of the total returns to R&D. Also, returns to industrial R&D in China appear to be at least three to four times the returns to fixed production assets.
Hedge Funds and Stock Market Efficiency

We measure misvaluation using the discounted residual income model. As shown in the literature, this measure of stocks' misvaluation significantly explains their future cross-sectional returns. We measure the market-level misvaluation market inefficiency by the misvaluation spread: the difference in the misvaluation of the most overvalued and undervalued shares. We show that the misvaluation spread is a strong predictor of a misvaluation-based long-short portfolio's returns, reinforcing the hypothesis that it proxies for the level of mispricing in the stock market. Using data on hedge fund returns, hedge fund industry assets under management, flows, and individual hedge fund holdings, we present evidence that hedge funds' trading reduces market-level misvaluation. Our results are robust across different time periods and are not driven by market liquidity. Moreover, we find that mutual funds do not have the price-correcting effect that hedge funds have. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Performance Competition in Local Media Markets

This paper investigates the impact of tax and public service performance on English local government popularity by using data on local property taxes, service performance ratings and local election results after the introduction of a system of evaluation of local government performance (Comprehensive Performance Assessment). The evidence emerging from estimation of a reelection equation offers a somewhat more rounded portrait of the voter than the conventional fiscal conservative icon, by highlighting the beneficial consequences of public service performance on government popularity and pointing to the role of local media networks (the BBC regional television, local radio and web network) in shaping consensus by spreading tax-related information.
Estimating the Finger Orientation on Capacitive Touchscreens Using Convolutional Neural Networks

In the last years, touchscreens became the most common input device for a wide range of computers. While touchscreens are truly pervasive, commercial devices reduce the richness of touch input to two-dimensional positions on the screen. Recent work proposed interaction techniques to extend the richness of the input vocabulary using the finger orientation. Approaches for determining a finger's orientation using off-the-shelf capacitive touchscreens proposed in previous work already enable compelling use cases. However, the low estimation accuracy limits the usability and restricts the usage of finger orientation to non-precise input. With this paper, we provide a ground truth data set for capacitive touch screens recorded with a high-precision motion capture system. Using this data set, we show that a Convolutional Neural Network can outperform approaches proposed in previous work. Instead of relying on hand-crafted features, we trained the model based on the raw capacitive images. Thereby we reduce the pitch error by 9.8% and the yaw error by 45.7%.
İlköğretim Okulu Yöneticilerinin Öğretimsel Liderlik Rollerinde Sorunla Karşılaşma Dereceleri Ve Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar

Arastirmada; ilkogretim okulu yoneticilerinin ogretimsel liderlik rollerini gerceklestirirken sorunla karsilasma dereceleri ile karsilastiklari sorunlari ortaya cikarmak amaclanmistir . Arastirmanin calisma grubunu Istanbul ilinde 2008-2009 ogretim yilinda gorev yapan ve “Basit Tesadufi Ornekleme” yontemiyle belirlenen 102 okul yoneticisi olusturmaktadir. Arastirma hem nicel hem de nitel bir arastirmadir. Arastirmanin calisma grubuna ogretimsel liderlik rollerini gerceklestirirken sorunla karsilasma dereceleri tespit etmek amaciyla Şisman (2004) tarafindan gelistirilen “Ogretim Liderligi” olcme araci uygulanmistir. Uygulama sonucu en fazla sorunla karsilastigi belirlenen 10 ilkogretim okulu yoneticisinden karsilastiklari sorunlar “Yari Yapilandirilmis Gorusme Formu” ile toplanmistir. Arastirmada; okul yoneticileri en fazla sorunu “Egitim Programi ve Ogretim Surecinin Yonetimi” boyutuna iliskin ogretimsel liderlik rollerini gerceklestirirken yasadiklari, en az sorunu ise “Ogretmenlerin Desteklenmesi ve Gelistirilmesi” boyutuna iliskin ogretimsel liderlik rollerini gerceklestirirken yasadiklari sonucuna ulasilmistir.
Psychological Ownership Theory: An Exploratory Application in the Restaurant Industry

This exploratory study conceptualizes psychological ownership (PO)—a state in which individuals feel as though the target of ownership is theirs—and investigates how customers form PO toward a company. Considering the PO is a new concept to hospitality research, the study develops and empirically validates a conceptual model of PO and a PO measurement scale in the context of the restaurant industry. The model incorporates fundamental human relationship variables, such as sense of belonging, identification, and perceived control, as the antecedents of PO. The model also relates PO to several practically important consequences, such as relationship intentions, word-of-mouth communications, competitive resistance, and willingness to pay. The results generally support the proposed mediating role of PO between the antecedents and consequences, consistent with the initial conceptualizations. This study discusses the potential that PO may play in enhancing loyalty and relationship marketing research in the hospitality and tourism industry.
Cross Cultural Validation of The Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS) and The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS)

The available instruments for cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis (MS) require considerable time and resources, and are not readily available in all countries. The study aimed to examine validity of the Czech translation of the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS), to validate the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), and to compare their outcomes. We evaluated 367 MS patients and 134 healthy controls with the MACFIMS battery, which comprises the three tests of the BICAMS (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, California Verbal Learning Test, second edition). The most accurate BICAMS criterion of cognitive deficit was that of at least one of the overall three tests outside the normal range (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 86%, p = 10−28). Outcomes of the Czech translation of the MACFIMS were comparable to its original. The MACFIMS and the BICAMS identified cognitive deficit in 55% and 58% of the MS patients, respectively. Both batteries predicted patient self-reported vocational status. This is the first study to show that the BICAMS is highly sensitive and specific to cognitive impairment in MS as defined by the MACFIMS. This impairment is associated with vocational status. Czech versions of the studied batteries have now been validated.
Exchange Rate Management and Macroeconomic Policy: A National Perspective

This paper reviews the literature on alternative exchange-rate arrangements for a small economy. It discusses exchage-rate management for short-run stabilization purposes and the choice of exchange-rate regimes to foster policy discipline. Recent research has emphasized that the appropriate degree of exchange-rate flexibility depends on the nature of disturbances. Exchange-rate movements provide information about shocks and can serve as a basis for intervention rules. Empirically operational guidelines have not yet been provided. Floating rates are said to be desirable because they allow policymakers greater autonomy. Recent research has questioned the implicit assumptions that autonomy is always useful. Rules that prevent discretionary policy may be preferable. What role, if any, the exchange rate should play in such rules has not yet been resolved. Copyright 1989 by The editors of the Scandinavian Journal of Economics.
The development of a subjective health indicator.

Abstract Changing patterns of concern in medicine and health care have interacted with philosophic trends in social sciences and politics to create demands for new directions in the measurement of health. Traditional indicators such as morbidity and mortality are seen to require supplementation by more subjective assessments of need. The addition of subjective data, collected in a standardized way could enable those concerned to delineate more closely the needs and problems of the community. The practical development of a subjective health indicator is described. The ultimate objective is to produce an instrument which can be used as a population survey tool, where the information obtained could add a new dimension to traditional indices of health. Studies carried out over the past four years have led to the construction of an indicator in the form of a profile which has been shown to provide valid measures of perceived health status and to be acceptable to respondents.
Mobile Learning in Malaysian Universities: Are Students Ready?

Prior to embarking on mobile learning, it is critical for learning institutions to research the area of finding the right ingredient for the right learners by firstly seeking whether they are ready to adapt to the mobility of learning. Adding a Malaysian perspective, the purpose of this paper was to present a quantitative study on university students’ readiness for the integration of mobile technologies in education system within their learning institutions. The study was carried out in 11 public universities in Malaysia, whereby 55 questionnaires were randomly distributed to students in each campus. Out of a total of 605 questionnaires distributed, 551 were returned. Overall, the descriptive results were relatively neutral and thus, indicating that they were moderately ready for the educational use of mobile technology. Furthermore, some were quite concerned on cost issue. Despite this, respondents were somewhat agree that they are interested to know more about mobile learning. As a result of the data analysis, some important issues emerged which give rise to the importance of assessing students’ readiness for a successful implementation of mobile learning. These findings may function as anchor-points for further research should mobile learning is to be employed widely in Malaysian higher education setting.
Estimating functional efficiency in energy futures markets

This paper proposes a method to estimate the functional efficiency of energy futures markets in terms of social welfare. Using a standard futures markets structural model, it can be concluded that the error committed when using futures prices at moment t to predict spot prices at t+1 results in welfare losses through resource misallocation. Therefore, the social welfare associated with the presence of energy futures markets can be measured using a social loss (SL) statistic and its components. This statistic is computed for six energy futures contracts with eight maturities each with data from April 1992 to December 2012. The results confirm the consistency and robustness of the method. Finally, several practical uses for the SL statistic are suggested.
The determinants of urban unemployment crisis in Nigeria : an econometric analysis

In Nigeria, since the early eighties, urban unemployment has assumed an alarming dimension and a crisis proportion with millions of able-bodied persons who are willing to accept jobs at the prevailing wage rates are unable to find placements. Thus urban unemployment has been regarded as one of the most challenging economic problems facing the Nigerian policy makers. This study however examined the determinants of the urban unemployment in Nigeria. The choice is to enable us identify the major factor responsible for the crisis. This study however made use of time series secondary data and parsimonious error correction mechanism to test the significant relationship between the level of unemployment and demand for labour, supply of labour, population, inflation, capacity utilization, gross capital formation and nominal wage rate . Empirical investigations showed that the rising nominal wages and the accelerated growth of population which affected the supply side through a high and rapid increase in labour force relative to the absorptive capacity of the economy appear to be the main determinant of high unemployment in Nigeria. The econometric results suggested the need for the government to embark on direct measures capable of creating jobs through industrialization and mechanization of agriculture. It also recommended that programmes of integrated rural development and re-orientation of economic activity and social investments towards the rural areas need to be embarked upon to create an appropriate rural-urban economic balance.
Holy Trinities, Rivalry Termination, and Conflict

In this article we attempt to correct a number of gaps in the current literature on strategic rivalry. First, we argue that liberal and realist theories of conflict and cooperation have been generally ignored by scholars engaged in rivalry research. Secondly, we argue that current rivalry research fails to disentangle termination processes from conflict within rivalries, mainly due to problems with common operationalizations of rivalry. To bridge these gaps, we test the effects of liberal variables-manifested in the Kantian tripod (democracy, interdependence, and IGO membership)-and what we more loosely term the realist tripod (bipolarity, shared threat, and capability balance) on both rivalry termination and the probability that rivals will engage in a militarized conflict. We conduct this test utilizing a new data set of strategic rivalries compiled by Thompson (1999, 2001) which corrects the tautological operationalization of rivalry commonly used in rivalry research when conflict is the dependent variable. Overall, our results paint a variegated picture, underscoring the importance of rivalry as a special class of dyadic relationship. While realist variables better explain rivalry termination, the direction is opposite that predicted by some realist hypotheses; among liberal variables, only democracy is a robust predictor of both termination and conflict.
Selecting foreign language books donated by Asia Foundation and Asian‐US Bridge Foundation

Purpose – Many Chinese libraries have limited budget to buy foreign language books. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an available and cheaper suggestion for the budgets of small libraries' foreign language books acquisition.Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses the benefits of selecting donated books and takes some small libraries in China as examples to conduct the case study.Findings – Advantages of selecting donated books include: quick arrival, lower cost, and a variety of title selections. Disadvantages are: no book list, long distance, unsatisfied selection.Practical implications – Donated books in one's purchasing program can substantially expand the range and amount of materials that libraries are able to collect.Originality/value – This paper will be useful to any library facing budget cuts as well as looking for ways to continually provide a wide variety of library materials.
Local environmental monitoring in Sweden: The need for a new strategy?

Abstract This paper discusses the present character of environmental monitoring in Swedish municipalities. We have found that local environmental monitoring in Sweden is insufficient. There is very little connection between monitoring activities and local environmental goals, and environmental goals have been established without considering information from the environmental monitoring. In practice, this means that local environmental monitoring has only a limited influence on political decisions and priorities in the municipalities. Our study also showed that local environmental monitoring was almost entirely focused on monitoring the state of the environment and showed a lack of flow‐oriented information. There is a strong need to develop a unified strategy for local environmental monitoring to avoid sub‐optimisations in local environmental management. A new strategy would, to a much higher degree, have to focus on monitoring diffuse sources of pollution and personal lifestyles. In this case, monitoring.
Perceptions of Home Ownership among Indigenous Home Owners

Home ownership has only recently begun to be available for the residents of remote Indigenous settlements and town camps with community title land, but it has long been an option for Indigenous peoples living on freehold title in rural towns and urban centres. The article presents the results of a household survey of these existing Indigenous home owners, under the Indigenous Business Australia (IBA) Home Ownership Program (HOP). The survey revealed a high degree of home-owner satisfaction, not only in terms of financial gain, but also in developmental terms such as empowerment, ownership and control. Repayment defaults were low and people were successfully managing maintenance, including renovations. The people interviewed were generally found to be literate, numerate, working, low-income households, similar to first-home owners in the mainstream. In addition to household income, employment history and household size were found to be strong precursors and ongoing indicators of the social transition involved, along a broader development pathway. In concluding, the article reflects on the opportunities and constraints involved in generalising these findings to communal title land typical to remote Indigenous settlements.
Genetic Studies of Leucine Biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis

The mutations in a series of leucine auxotrophs isolated after treatment with nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet light, and ICR-191 have been mapped between ilvC and pheA on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. A fine structure map of the region was constructed by transformation. Analysis of several strains by assaying levels of their leucine bioysnthetic enzymes has shown that the region encodes three enzymes. The order of the genes with respect to the biosynthetic steps catalyzed by the gene products is 1–3–2.
Ambulatory visits to hospital emergency departments. Patterns and reasons for use. 24 Hours in the ED Study Group.

OBJECTIVES To characterize the reasons ambulatory patients use hospital emergency departments (EDs) for outpatient care and to determine the proportion of ED patients who initially are assessed as having nonurgent conditions, but subsequently are hospitalized. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey during a single 24-hour period of time. SETTING Fifty-six hospital EDs nationwide. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Consecutive ambulatory patients presenting for care. Patents who arrived by ambulance were excluded. RESULTS Of 6441 ambulatory patients (79 percent of all ED visits) who were eligible for study, interviews were obtained from 6187 (96 percent). A total of 5323 patients (86 percent) had clinical reasons or preferences for seeking care at an ED, including 2799 (45 percent) who thought they had an emergency or an urgent condition or were too sick to go elsewhere. Nineteen percent (n=1199) reported that they were sent to the ED by a health care professional. Patients with a regular clinician or with insurance cited similar reasons for seeking care at an ED. A total of 3062 patients (50 percent) cited 1 or more nonfinancial barriers to care as an important reason for coming to the ED, and 949 (15 percent) cited financial considerations. A total of 3045 patents (49 percent of ambulatory patients and 37 percent of total ED visits) were assessed at triage as having a nonurgent condition; 166 of them (5.5 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.7 percent-6.3 percent) were admitted to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Most ambulatory patients seek care in an ED because of worrisome symptoms or nonfinancial barriers to care. Although many ambulatory patients appear to have nonurgent conditions based on triage classification, a small but disturbing percentage of nonurgent patients are hospitalized.
Run Length and the Predictability of Stock Price Reversals

Survival analysis is used to estimate time-varying probabilities of price reversals using daily data for the Australian All Ordinaries Price Index. Lagged price changes lead to persistence (shortening) in a price run if they are of the same (opposite) sign as the run. An increase in the number of runs observed in the previous 30 days also increases the probability of price reversal. The predictive accuracy of the models is assessed using a probability scoring rule. Consistent with market efficiency, the estimated models are less accurate than the random walk model in predicting the length of individual price runs out-of-sample.