Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type II phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinases promote Listeria monocytogenes entry into target cells

Interaction of the Listeria surface protein InlB with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor Met activates signalling events that trigger bacterial internalization into mammalian epithelial cells. We show here that purified phagosomes containing InlB‐coated beads display type II phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase (PI4K) activity. In human epithelial HeLa cells, both PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ isoforms are corecruited with Met around InlB‐coated beads or wild‐type Listeria during the early steps of internalization, and phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate [PI(4)P] is detected at the entry site. We demonstrate that PI4KIIα or PI4KIIβ knockdown, but not type III PI4Kβ knockdown, inhibits Listeria internalization. Production of PI(4)P derivatives such as phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐triphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] upon InlB stimulation is not affected by PI4KIIα or β knockdown, suggesting that these phosphoinositides are generated by a type III PI4K. Strikingly, knockdown of the PI(4)P ligand and clathrin adaptor AP‐1 strongly inhibits bacterial entry. Together, our results reveal a yet non‐described role for type II PI4Ks in phagocytosis.
Distinct binding properties of eaeA-negative verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli of serotype O113:H21

Infection of humans with verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O113:H21 is associated with clinical features comparable to those associated with infection with attaching and effacing VTEC strains including those of serotype O157:H7. We have shown previously that the adhesion phenotype of VTEC O157:H7 is influenced by the presence of a homolog of the chromosomal eaeA (for E. coli attaching and effacing) gene. In contrast, by colony blot hybridization, VTEC O113:H21 is negative for the eaeA gene. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define the adhesion phenotype of VTEC O113:H21 strain CL-15 to both cultured epithelial cells (HEp-2) and rabbit intestine in vivo. Under transmission electron microscopy, areas of microvillus effacement were observed in regions directly beneath the organism in CL-15-infected cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, F-actin adhesion pedestals on the host plasma membrane were absent. Failure of CL-15 to induce polymerization of actin was confirmed by using staining of F-actin with fluorescein-labeled phalloidin. Under indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, CL-15-infected HEp-2 cells also failed to demonstrate the recruitment of another cytoskeletal element, alpha-actinin, below foci of bacterial adhesion. In contrast, VTEC O157:H7 infection of HEp-2 cells was associated with increased alpha-actinin immunofluorescence. These findings suggest that bacterial factors distinct from those of EaeA are necessary for the adhesion phenotype of VTEC O113:H21.
Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol of Ishige okamurae and Caffeine Modified the Expression of Extracellular Fibrillars during Adipogenesis of Mouse Subcutaneous Adipose Derived Stem Cell

Although, one of the etiologies of localized lipodystrophy of the subcutaneous connective tissue (cellulite) is the histological alternation of adipose tissue, the characteristics of expression of the components of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during adipogenesis are not uncovered. In this study, the effects of caffeine and Ishige okamurae originated diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) on the expression of extracellualr fibers was analyzed with quantitative RT-PCR during differentiation induction of mouse subcutaneous adipose derived stem cells (msADSC) into adipocyte. The expression levels of Col1a, Col3a1, and Col61a were decreased by the adipogenci induction in a time-dependent manners. However, Col2a mRNA and Col4a1 mRNA expressions were oposit to them. Caffeine and DPHC stimulated the changes of the expression of these collagens. Eln mRNA expression was increased by induction. DPHC stimulated the expression of it. Mfap5 mRNA expression was deceased in both adipogenic cell and matured adipocytes. Caffeine suppressed the expression of Mfap5 but the effect of DPHC was different by the concentration. The expression of bioglycan, decorin, and lumican were also modified by caffeine and DPHC in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on this study, we revealed firstly the effects of caffeine and DPHC on the expression of collagens, elastin, and glycoproteins during adipogenesis of msADSCs. Those results suggest that DPHC may have antiadipogenic effect and has more positive effets on normal adipose tissue generation and work as suppressor the abnormality of ECM structure. Such results indicate that DPHC can be applied in keeping the stability of the ECM of adipogenic tissues.
Satisfaction With the Coach and Mental Toughness in Elite Male Ice Hockey Players.

Elite male ice-hockey players (n=154) completed the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire and four subscales relating directly to satisfaction with the coach from the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire. Subscale means for mental toughness and satisfaction with the coach were above the mid-point of the respective scales. Significant positive correlations were found between all but two of the possible pairings of satisfaction with the coach and mental toughness subscales. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the coach satisfaction subscales were significant predictors of MT-Constancy (R²= .09), MT-Confidence (R²- .12), MT-Control (R²= .14) and MT-Global (R²= .17). The only unique contribution was made by Personal Treatment to MT-Constancy, MT-Control and MT-Global. This demonstrate that satisfaction with the coach relates positively to mental toughness, with the most important aspect being Personal Treatment. The results highlight the importance of establishing a positive and effective coach-athlete relationship. This can enhance athlete satisfaction and promote mental toughness in athletes
Reversal of Acute Kidney Injury–Induced Neutrophil Dysfunction: A Critical Role for Resistin*

Objectives: To assess the reversibility of acute kidney injury–induced neutrophil dysfunction and to identify involved mechanisms. Design: Controlled laboratory experiment and prospective observational clinical study. Setting: University laboratory and hospital. Subjects: C57BL/6 wild-type mice. Patients: Patients with septic shock with or without acute kidney injury. Interventions: Murine acute kidney injury was induced by intraperitoneal injections of folic acid (nephrotoxic acute kidney injury) or by IM injections of glycerol (rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury). After 24 hours, we incubated isolated neutrophils for 3 hours in normal mouse serum or minimum essential medium buffer. We further studied the effects of plasma samples from 13 patients with septic shock (with or without severe acute kidney injury) on neutrophilic-differentiated NB4 cells. Measurements and Main Results: Experimental acute kidney injury significantly inhibited neutrophil migration and intracellular actin polymerization. Plasma levels of resistin, a proinflammatory cytokine and uremic toxin, were significantly elevated during both forms of acute kidney injury. Incubation in serum or minimum essential medium buffer restored normal neutrophil function. Resistin by itself was able to induce acute kidney injury–like neutrophil dysfunction in vitro. Plasma resistin was significantly higher in patients with septic shock with acute kidney injury compared with patients with septic shock alone. Compared with plasma from patients with septic shock, plasma from patients with septic shock and acute kidney injury inhibited neutrophilic-differentiated NB4 cell migration. Even after 4 days of renal replacement therapy, plasma from patients with septic shock plus acute kidney injury still showed elevated resistin levels and inhibited neutrophilic-differentiated NB4 cell migration. Resistin inhibited neutrophilic-differentiated NB4 cell migration and intracellular actin polymerization at concentrations seen during acute kidney injury, but not at normal physiologic concentrations. Conclusions: Acute kidney injury–induced neutrophil dysfunction is reversible in vitro. However, standard renal replacement therapy does not correct this defect in patients with septic shock and acute kidney injury. Resistin is greatly elevated during acute kidney injury, even with ongoing renal replacement therapy, and is sufficient to cause acute kidney injury–like neutrophil dysfunction by itself.
End-of-life decision making in dementia

Family caregivers are often required to make treatment decisions on behalf of institutionalized loved ones with advanced-stage dementia. Deciding on appropriate treatment is a complex process which can be difficult for families. This grounded theory study examined the concerns of family caregivers regarding their relative’s care and explored how end-of-life treatment decisions are made. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with 24 caregivers and analysed using constant comparison and dimensional analysis, resulting in a substantive theory of decision making. The role of decision maker from the perspective of family caregivers is described. The relative’s level of quality of life emerged as central to decision making. Four end-of-life phases were identified in which treatment intensity was influenced by the caregivers’ evaluation of quality of life. The results highlight the importance of including family caregivers’ experiences in working toward caregiver/medical team consensus around treatment decisions at the end of life in dementia.
PERCEPTUAL SPACES FOR SOUND EFFECTS OBTAINED WITH AN INTERACTIVE SIMILARITY RATING PROGRAM

Parametric signal-processing models of acoustic signals have recently begun to encourage some in the psychoacoustics community to reframe the problem of complex auditory perception of non-speech sounds from a descriptive perspective to a more hypothesis-oriented one. In particular, several recent studies have taken an ecological approach to timbre by positing that listeners infer the physical properties of sound-generating sources when they hear natural sounds. We describe a series of experiments that attempts to merge developments in the study of sound source perception and physical modeling to yield a better understanding of listeners’ criteria in rating auditory timbre. The starting point for our efforts has been the need to obtain similarity ratings from human listeners for several hundred sounds in order to train an automated computer audio classifier. Traditional multidimensional scaling algorithms do not permit the testing of large stimulus sets because they require that listeners make all pairwise comparisons between stimuli, resulting in an exponential increase in the number of comparisons as a function of stimulus set size. In addition, it is difficult, if not impossible, for listeners to maintain stable comparison criteria across large numbers of comparisons. In order to circumvent such limitations, we have created an innovative graphics-based program for collecting similarity data for such large sets. The program initially assumes that the optimal perceptual space is twodimensional, and listeners rate timbral similarities within this space. Additional dimensions can be added based on lack-of-fit measures for the initial two-dimensional space. Task demands for listeners are reduced through redundant mnemonic aids, and experimenters have considerable flexibility in specifying several adjustable stimulus comparison parameters. We have begun to use our program to investigate the role of mental imagery in listeners’ evaluations of complex real-world sounds, as well as the degree to which such imagery is auditory or multimodal.
Robust solutions of uncertain mixed-integer linear programs using decomposition techniques

Robust optimization is a framework for modeling optimization problems involving data uncertainty and during the last decades has been an area of active research. If we focus on linear programming (LP) problems with i) uncertain data, ii) binary decisions and iii) hard constraints within an ellipsoidal uncertainty set, this paper provides a different interpretation of their robust counterpart (RC) inspired from decomposition techniques. This new interpretation allows the proposal of an ad-hoc decomposition technique to solve the RC problem with the following advantages: i) it improves tractability, specially for large-scale problems, and ii) it provides the exact probability of constraint violation in case the probability distribution of uncertain parameters are completely defined by using first and second-order probability moments. An attractive aspect of our method is that it decomposes the second-order cone programming problem, associated with the robust counterpart, into a linear master problem and different quadratically constrained problems (QCP) of considerable lower size. The optimal solution is achieved through the solution of these master and subproblems within an iterative scheme based on cutting plane approximations of the second-order cone constraints. In addition, proof of convergence of the iterative method is given.
Clinical reasoning in nursing: teaching strategies and assessment tools.

Objective: To present the concept and development of teaching strategies and the assessment tools regarding clinical reasoning for accurate practice. Method: This is a theoretical reflection based on scientific studies. Results: Comprehension of the essential concepts of the thought process and its articulation with the different teaching strategies and the assessment tools which has allowed presenting ways to improve the process of diagnostic or therapeutic clinical reasoning. Conclusion: The use of new strategies and assessment tools should be encouraged in order to contribute to the development of skills that lead to safe and effective decision making. Objetivo: Apresentar o conceito de raciocínio clínico, seu desenvolvimento, as estratégias para seu ensino e os instrumentos de avaliação para uma prática acurada. Método: Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica fundamentada em estudos científicos. Resultados: A compreensão dos conceitos essenciais do processo de pensamento e sua articulação com as diferentes estratégias de ensino e com os instrumentos de avaliação permitiram exemplificar meios de aprimorar o processo de raciocínio clínico diagnóstico ou terapêutico. Conclusão: A utilização de novas estratégias e instrumentos de avaliação deve ser estimulado para contribuir com o desenvolvimento das habilidades que culminam na tomada de decisão segura e eficaz.
Quantifying Neural Coding of Event Timing

Single-neuron firing is often analyzed relative to an external event, such as successful task performance or the delivery of a stimulus. The perievent time histogram (PETH) examines how, on average, neural firing modulates before and after the alignment event. However, the PETH contains no information about the single-trial reliability of the neural response, which is important from the perspective of a target neuron. In this study, we propose the concept of using the neural activity to predict the timing of the occurrence of an event, as opposed to using the event to predict the neural response. We first estimate the likelihood of an observed spike train, under the assumption that it was generated by an inhomogeneous gamma process with rate profile similar to the PETH shifted by a small time. This is used to generate a probability distribution of the event occurrence, using Bayes’ rule. By an information theoretic approach, this method yields a single value (in bits) that quantifies the reduction in uncertainty regarding the time of an external event following observation of the spike train. We show that the approach is sensitive to the amplitude of a response, to the level of baseline firing, and to the consistency of a response between trials, all of which are factors that will influence a neuron's ability to code for the time of the event. The technique can provide a useful means not only of determining which of several behavioral events a cell encodes best, but also of permitting objective comparison of different cell populations.
Minimizing Effective Resistance of a Graph

The effective resistance between two nodes of a weighted graph is the electrical resistance seen between the nodes of a resistor network with branch conductances given by the edge weights. The effective resistance comes up in many applications and fields in addition to electrical network analysis, including, for example, Markov chains and continuous-time averaging networks. In this paper we study the problem of allocating edge weights on a given graph in order to minimize the total effective resistance, i.e., the sum of the resistances between all pairs of nodes. We show that this is a convex optimization problem and can be solved efficiently either numerically or, in some cases, analytically. We show that optimal allocation of the edge weights can reduce the total effective resistance of the graph (compared to uniform weights) by a factor that grows unboundedly with the size of the graph. We show that among all graphs with $n$ nodes, the path has the largest value of optimal total effective resistance and the complete graph has the least.
Talking Back and Taking Over: Young Children's Expressive Engagement during Storybook Read-Alouds.

©2002 International Reading Association (pp. 476–483) A teacher is reading Steven Kellogg’s (1985) wacky version of Chicken Little to her combined class of first and second graders. After the children discuss the front cover and the endpages, the teacher turns to the frontispiece, which shows a wanted poster for Foxy Loxy: “Wanted: Foxy Loxy, for stealing poultry and other unspeakable crimes. Foxy Loxy is shrewd, rude, mean, and dangerous. If you see him, call the police immediately” (n.p.). Immediately after the teacher reads this, Charles starts to sing the theme song of the U.S. television program Cops: “Bad boys, Bad boys, what ya gonna do when they come for you? Bad boys, bad boys! ” This is an example of a type of literary response that forms the subject of this article, which concerns a particular subset of oral responses young children make during interactive read-alouds (Barrentine, 1996) of picture storybooks. Drawing from the data in several of my studies involving kindergartners and first and second graders, I will describe this set of responses and do some theoretical speculation about how we might understand them. I’ll also describe how knowledge of the various types of these responses could be put to practical use in classrooms. Talking back and taking over: Young children’s expressive engagement during storybook read-alouds This discussion of types of literary response makes a significant contribution to understanding the ways that children comprehend story. Lawrence R. Sipe
Asymptotic behavior of Support Vector Machine for spiked population model

For spiked population model, we investigate the large dimension N and large sample size M asymptotic behavior of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method in the limit of N, M → ∞ at fixed α = M/N. We focus on the generalization performance by analytically evaluating the angle between the normal direction vectors of SVM separating hyperplane and corresponding Bayes optimal separating hyperplane. This is an analogous result to the one shown in Paul (2007) and Nadler (2008) for the angle between the sample eigenvector and the population eigenvector in random matrix theorem. We provide not just bound, but sharp prediction of the asymptotic behavior of SVM that can be determined by a set of nonlinear equations. Based on the analytical results, we propose a new method of selecting tuning parameter which significantly reduces the computational cost. A surprising finding is that SVM achieves its best performance at small value of the tuning parameter under spiked population model. These results are confirmed to be correct by comparing with those of numerical simulations on finite-size systems. We also apply our formulas to an actual dataset of breast cancer and find agreement between analytical derivations and numerical computations based on cross validation.
Types and Sources of Social Support and Maternal-Student Role Stress in Married Associate Degree Nursing Students

This paper presents findings from a secondary data analysis designed to determine, specifically, which types and sources of social support are associated with Maternal Student Role Stress for women in two age groups. Participants in the study were students in an Associate Degree nursing program who were married and had at least one child living at home. Data were collected at 11 community colleges in New York and New Jersey. For women aged 37 years and older, all types of support from their husbands and children were associated with less Maternal Student Role Stress. For women under 37 years of age, affirmation and aid from their husbands; aid from their children; and affect, affirmation, and aid from their mothers-in-law were associated with less Maternal Student Role Stress. Findings are interpreted in light of the groups' varied developmental stages, and recommendations for future research and practice are offered.
Adult Learning, Critical Intelligence and Social Change

Contents Preface - Jane Thompson Chapter 1. Adult education for change in the nineties and beyond: towards a critical review of the changing context - Marjorie Mayo Part 1. Rooting and reconstituting the radical tradition Chapter 2. Challenging the post-modern condition: radical adult education for critical intelligence - Paula Allman and John Wallis Chapter 3. Are we not more than half the nation? Women and 'the radical tradition' of adult education, 1867-1919 - Julia Swindells Chapter 4. Cultural struggle or identity politics: can there still be a 'popular' education? - Tom Steele Chapter 5. Radical adult education: the reader and the self - Hilda Kean Chapter 6. Piecing together the fragments: thoughts on adult education in a vanished era - Martin Yarnit Chapter 7. Competence, curriculum and democracy - David Alexander and Ian Martin Chapter 8. Really useful knowledge: adult education and the Ruskin learning project - Katherine Hughes Part 2. Contemporary debates and current developments Chapter 9. All equal now? - Rebecca O'Rourke Chapter 10. Feminism and women's education - Jane Thompson Chapter 11. Making experience count. towards what? - Wilma Fraser Chapter 12. The dying of the light? A radical look at trade union education - John McIlroy Chapter 13. Learning in working life: the contribution of trade unions - Keith Forrester Chapter 14. Popular education and the state: a new look at the community debate - Keith Jackson Chapter 15. Beyond subversion - Mae Shaw and Jim Crowther Chapter 16. Training the community: the case of tenant training - John Grayson Chapter 17. Seizing the quality initiative: regeneration and the radical project - Cilla Ross Chapter 18. Amman Valley Enterprise: a case study of adult education and community revival - Sonia Reynolds Chapter 19. Formal systems: working from within - Chris Duke Chapter 20. Adult learning in the context of global, neo-liberal economic policies - John Payne Chapter 21. Popular education in Northern Ireland: the Ulster People's College - Tom Lovett Notes on contributors
Enantioselective Formal α‐Methylation and α‐Benzylation of Aldehydes by Means of Photo‐organocatalysis

Abstract Detailed herein is the photochemical organocatalytic enantioselective α‐alkylation of aldehydes with (phenylsulfonyl)alkyl iodides. The chemistry relies on the direct photoexcitation of enamines to trigger the formation of reactive carbon‐centered radicals from iodosulfones, while the ground‐state chiral enamines provide effective stereochemical control over the radical trapping process. The phenylsulfonyl moiety, acting as a redox auxiliary group, facilitates the generation of radicals. In addition, it can eventually be removed under mild reducing conditions to reveal methyl and benzyl groups.