Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SINR and Throughput of Dense Cellular Networks With Stretched Exponential Path Loss

Distance-based attenuation is a critical aspect of wireless communications. As opposed to the ubiquitous power-law path loss model, this paper proposes a stretched exponential path loss model that is suitable for short-range communication. In this model, the signal power attenuates over a distance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$e^{-\alpha r^{\beta }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are tunable parameters. Using experimental propagation measurements, we show that the proposed model is accurate for short to moderate distances in the range <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r \in ~(5,300)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> meters and so is a suitable model for dense and ultradense networks. We integrate this path loss model into a downlink cellular network with base stations modeled by a Poisson point process, and derive expressions for the coverage probability, potential throughput, and area spectral efficiency. Although the most general result for coverage probability has a double integral, several special cases are given, where the coverage probability has a compact or even closed form. We then show that the potential throughput is maximized for a particular BS density and then collapses to zero for high densities, assuming a fixed signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold. We next prove that the area spectral efficiency, which assumes an adaptive SINR threshold, is nondecreasing with the BS density and converges to a constant for high densities.
Evolutionary History of LINE-1 in the Major Clades of Placental Mammals

Background LINE-1 constitutes an important component of mammalian genomes. It has a dynamic evolutionary history characterized by the rise, fall and replacement of subfamilies. Most data concerning LINE-1 biology and evolution are derived from the human and mouse genomes and are often assumed to hold for all placentals. Methodology To examine LINE-1 relationships, sequences from the 3′ region of the reverse transcriptase from 21 species (representing 13 orders across Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Supraprimates and Laurasiatheria) were obtained from whole genome sequence assemblies, or by PCR with degenerate primers. These sequences were aligned and analysed. Principal Findings Our analysis reflects accepted placental relationships suggesting mostly lineage-specific LINE-1 families. The data provide clear support for several clades including Glires, Supraprimates, Laurasiatheria, Boreoeutheria, Xenarthra and Afrotheria. Within the afrotherian LINE-1 (AfroLINE) clade, our tree supports Paenungulata, Afroinsectivora and Afroinsectiphillia. Xenarthran LINE-1 (XenaLINE) falls sister to AfroLINE, providing some support for the Atlantogenata (Xenarthra+Afrotheria) hypothesis. Significance LINEs and SINEs make up approximately half of all placental genomes, so understanding their dynamics is an essential aspect of comparative genomics. Importantly, a tree of LINE-1 offers a different view of the root, as long edges (branches) such as that to marsupials are shortened and/or broken up. Additionally, a robust phylogeny of diverse LINE-1 is essential in testing that site-specific LINE-1 insertions, often regarded as homoplasy-free phylogenetic markers, are indeed unique and not convergent.
Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase and amino acid transport in Morris hepatomas and in adult and neonatal rat liver.

Summary Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase and the amino acid transport system was investigated in livers of non-tumor-bearing Sprague-Dawley and A × C rats, in host livers, and in hepatomas of rats bearing Morris hepatoma 5123C, 7794B, 7800, 9121, or 9618A, under conditions not previously used with hepatomas. The agents used to study the induction of the enzyme and the transport system were: a high-protein diet; dexamethasone alone; glucagon and theophylline, alone and in combination; and glucagon, theophylline, and dexamethasone together. Tyrosine aminotransferase and the amino acid transport system in the hepatomas and host livers responded to the inducing agents to varying degrees and from widely different initial fasting values. Thus a wide diversity in patterns of induction was observed, with no two hepatoma lines or their host livers responding similarly to all inducing agents. Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase was studied in the livers of neonatal rats from 0 to 9 days of age, with the use of glucagon, theophylline, both drugs, or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate. The range of data seen with the hepatomas is paralleled by the wide range exhibited by the changes during the shift from neonatal to adult liver. At the low end of the range, hepatoma 9618A resembles the earliest neonatal liver in terms of its tyrosine aminotransferase activity, whether induced or occurring naturally. At the high end of the scale, other hepatomas may exceed normal adult liver in naturally occurring or induced levels of tyrosine aminotransferase or amino acid transport, while resembling neonatal liver in other respects.
Genetic and perinatal factors as risk for childhood type 1 diabetes

The mechanisms by which gestational infections, blood incompatibility, birth weight, mother's age and other prenatal or neonatal events increase the risk for type 1 diabetes are not understood. Studies so far have been retrospective, and there is a lack of population‐based prospective studies. The possibility of identifying children at type 1 diabetes risk among first‐degree relatives has resulted in prospective studies aimed at identifying postnatal events associated with the appearance of autoantibody markers for type 1 diabetes and a possible later onset of diabetes. However, the majority (85%) of new onset type 1 diabetes children do not have a first‐degree relative with the disease. Population‐based studies are therefore designed to prospectively analyse pregnant mothers and their offspring. One such study is DiPiS (Diabetes Prediction in Skåne), which is examining a total of about 10 000 pregnancies expected every year in the Skåne (Scania) region of Sweden that has 1.1 million inhabitants. Blood samples from all mothers in this region are obtained during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. Cord blood is analysed for HLA high‐risk alleles and for autoantibodies against the 65 kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), the protein tyrosine phosphatase–related IA‐2 antigen (IA‐2A) and insulin (IAA) as a measure of prenatal autoimmune exposure. Identifying high‐risk children by genetic, autoimmune and gestational risk factors followed by prospective analyses will make it possible to test the hypothesis that gestational events may trigger beta cell autoimmunity as a prerequisite for childhood type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data Fitting to Study Ablated Hard Dental Tissues by Nanosecond Laser Irradiation

Laser ablation of dental hard tissues is one of the most important laser applications in dentistry. Many works have reported the interaction of laser radiations with tooth material to optimize laser parameters such as wavelength, energy density, etc. This work has focused on determining the relationship between energy density and ablation thresholds using pulsed, 5 nanosecond, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) laser at 1064 nanometer. For enamel and dentin tissues, the ablations have been performed using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. The ablation thresholds and relationship between energy densities and peak areas of calcium lines, which appeared in LIBS, were determined using data fitting. Furthermore, the morphological changes were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Moreover, the chemical stability of the tooth material after ablation has been studied using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The differences between carbon atomic % of non-irradiated and irradiated samples were tested using statistical t-test. Results revealed that the best fitting between energy densities and peak areas of calcium lines were exponential and linear for enamel and dentin, respectively. In addition, the ablation threshold of Nd:YAG lasers in enamel was higher than that of dentin. The morphology of the surrounded ablated region of enamel showed thermal damages. For enamel, the EDX quantitative analysis showed that the atomic % of carbon increased significantly when laser energy density increased.
A Community-Based Comprehensive Intervention Program for 7200 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chongqing (China)

This study assessed the feasibility of community-based comprehensive intervention on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on a large population in China. An intervention study was conducted on 7200 T2DM patients within one year and consisted of six lectures on health issues, and four times face-to-face lifestyle counseling delivered by general health practitioners, at local primary health centers (PHCs). A “knowledge, attitude and practice” (KAP) survey and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measurement were conducted at baseline and after the intervention, respectively. A total of 6586 T2DM patients completed the intervention. After one year intervention, patients’ KAP level improved significantly (p < 0.001) and the average FPG has decreased from 8.53 mmol/L (standard deviation: 2.84) to 7.11 mmol/L (standard deviation: 1.34) (p < 0.001). Patients in rural areas and with lower education level showed higher FPG and poorer KAP level both before and after the intervention. In conclusion, community-based comprehensive intervention for T2DM is feasible on a large population. Improving and repeating the comprehensive strategy is greatly recommended in order to sustain the impact, especially in rural areas and for patients with lower education levels.
Fractional Flow Reserve–Guided Complete Revascularization Improves the Prognosis in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Severe Nonculprit Disease: A DANAMI 3-PRIMULTI Substudy (Primary PCI in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease Treatment 

Background— The impact of disease severity on the outcome after complete revascularization in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease is uncertain. The objective of this post hoc study was to evaluate the impact of number of diseased vessel, lesion location, and severity of the noninfarct-related stenosis on the effect of fractional flow reserve–guided complete revascularization. Methods and Results— In the DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI study (Primary PCI in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease: Treatment of Culprit Lesion Only or Complete Revascularization), we randomized 627 ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients to fractional flow reserve–guided complete revascularization or infarct-related percutaneous coronary intervention only. In patients with 3-vessel disease, fractional flow reserve–guided complete revascularization reduced the primary end point (all-cause mortality, reinfarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization; hazard ratio [HR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–0.64; P=0.001), with no significant effect in patients with 2-vessel disease (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.47–1.26; P=0.29; P for interaction =0.046). A similar effect was observed in patients with diameter stenosis ≥90% of noninfarct-related arteries (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18–0.62; P=0.001), but not in patients with less severe lesions (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.44–1.19; P=0.21; P for interaction =0.06). The effect was most pronounced in patients with 3-vessel disease and noninfarct-related stenoses ≥90%, and in this subgroup, there was a nonsignificant reduction in the end point of mortality and reinfarction (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.08–1.32; P=0.09). Proximal versus distal location did not influence the benefit from complete revascularization. Conclusions— The benefit from fractional flow reserve–guided complete revascularization in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease was dependent on the presence of 3-vessel disease and noninfarct diameter stenosis ≥90% and was particularly pronounced in patients with both of these angiographic characteristics. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01960933.
Consensus Problems on Networks With Antagonistic Interactions

In a consensus protocol an agreement among agents is achieved thanks to the collaborative efforts of all agents, expresses by a communication graph with nonnegative weights. The question we ask in this paper is the following: is it possible to achieve a form of agreement also in presence of antagonistic interactions, modeled as negative weights on the communication graph? The answer to this question is affirmative: on signed networks all agents can converge to a consensus value which is the same for all agents except for the sign. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained to describe cases in which this is possible. These conditions have strong analogies with the theory of monotone systems. Linear and nonlinear Laplacian feedback designs are proposed.
Unveiling the Hidden Dynamics: exploring causative factors and impact of employee turnover on organisational performance.

Employee turnover is a widely recognised subject in an organisational setting. Although academics and organisational human resource departments have accepted the fact that employee turnover can have a disastrous impact on the organisation, there are limited studies conducted on the causative factors and effects of employee turnover in organisations. Therefore, this study helped to highlight some of the causative factors triggering employee turnover and their impact on an organisation. In addition, the study also suggests vital strategies for mitigating and reducing employee turnover. In line with the preceding assertion, the cross-sectional qualitative study taking into consideration conference papers, government periodicals, chronological documents, and mainly secondary and primary sources were used. Online search engines such as Scopus, EBSCO, Emerald, science direct, and unrestricted web service search engines such as google scholar and Mendeley demonstrated to be valuable database resources. The finding indicated that performance appraisal feedback, job insecurity, stress and work overload, death, and compensation are significant factors responsible for employee turnover was also deduced that employee turnover can affect organisational performance through ineffectuality in the delivery of service, increase in workload, errors in work processes and reduction in sense of loyalty. However, findings also postulated that training and development, competitive benefits and compensation, effective leadership, and job satisfaction are key procedures that help in reducing and mitigating employee turnover.
Numerical analysis and design strategy for field emission devices

An efficient three-dimensional (3-D) computer-aided-design (CAD) tool for modeling and simulating field-emission devices/displays (FEDs) is presented. The performance optimization of FEDs using this CAD tool and the design of experiment (DOE) method is demonstrated. Experimental results of emission current and spot size are in good agreement with the simulated results. The regression models created by the DOE method give excellent guidelines for both the design and operation of the FEDs. This CAD tool uses an accelerated boundary-element-method (BEM) electrostatics solver and an adaptive explicit integration method. The typical CPU time for a complete electrostatics and trajectory simulation is less than 1 hour running on a SUN Ultra 30 model 295 workstation, versus a few hours/days for 3-D finite-element-methods (FEM) simulations. The simulated results of a single-gate field emitter array (FEA) are in excellent agreement with experimental results. Simulation examples of proximity focused FEDs and integrated-focus-electrode (IFE) focused FEDs are also presented. A design strategy using DOE techniques is proposed. Experiments were conducted by using the CAD tool. The central composite design, which is capable of screening significant parameters and building regression models, is employed to explore device performance. The regression models created by the central composite design give excellent descriptions of the relationships between the device response and their design parameters. Design examples of proximity focused FEDs and IFE focused FEDs are presented, and their optimal design and operating condition are explored. The anode-gate separation is the most significant parameter for the proximity focused FEDs, while the ratio of the FE voltage to the gate voltage is the most significant parameter for the FE focused FEDs. Thesis Supervisors: Stephen D. Senturia Barton L. Weller Professor of Electrical Engineering Akintunde I. Akinwande Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering
Update on Flexible Ureteroscopy

Objective: An update on ureteroscopy with focus on current technology and newer instrumentation is presented. Methods: A literature search through Medline-indexed journals as well as personal comments are included in this review. Topics such as new semirigid and flexible ureteroscopes, lasers, ureteral access sheats, wires and stone extraction devices are outlined. Results: Thanks to the continuous advances of technology and miniaturization of instruments, ureteroscopy is an ever-expanding field. A clear outline of the available instruments and techniques with reference to published results catches the status of this dynamic field. Conclusions: Urologists are faced with a host of new products related to ureteroscopy every year. This review serves to identify the most useful and proven advances in the field and helps in selecting the equipment needed for a successful minimally invasive approach to upper urinary tract pathologies.
A Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation for Non-Lambertian and Uncalibrated Photometric Stereo

Classic photometric stereo is often extended to deal with real-world materials and work with unknown lighting conditions for practicability. To quantitatively evaluate non-Lambertian and uncalibrated photometric stereo, a photometric stereo image dataset containing objects of various shapes with complex reflectance properties and high-quality ground truth normals is still missing. In this paper, we introduce the ‘<italic>DiLiGenT</italic>’ dataset with calibrated <underline>Di</underline>rectional <underline>Li</underline>ghtings, objects of <underline>Gen</underline>eral reflectance with different shininess, and ‘ground <underline>T</underline>ruth’ normals from high-precision laser scanning. We use our dataset to quantitatively evaluate state-of-the-art photometric stereo methods for general materials and unknown lighting conditions, selected from a newly proposed photometric stereo taxonomy emphasizing non-Lambertian and uncalibrated methods. The dataset and evaluation results are made publicly available, and we hope it can serve as a benchmark platform that inspires future research.
A Biogeochemical Compromise: The High Methane Cost of Sequestering Carbon in Restored Wetlands

Peatland drainage is an important driver of global soil carbon loss and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Restoration of peatlands by reflooding reverses CO2 losses at the cost of increased methane (CH4) emissions, presenting a biogeochemical compromise. While restoring peatlands is a potentially effective method for sequestering carbon, the terms of this compromise are not well constrained. Here we present 14 site years of continuous CH4 and CO2 ecosystem‐scale gas exchange over a network of restored freshwater wetlands in California, where long growing seasons, warm weather, and managed water tables result in some of the largest wetland ecosystem CH4 emissions recorded. These large CH4 emissions cause the wetlands to be strong greenhouse gas sources while sequestering carbon and building peat soil. The terms of this biogeochemical compromise, dictated by the ratio between carbon sequestration and CH4 emission, vary considerably across small spatial scales, despite nearly identical wetland climate, hydrology, and plant community compositions.
Characterization of Stx2 Tubular Response in a Rat Experimental Model of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Background/Aims: In Argentina, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) constitutes the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children. The aim of our study was to analyze the early tubular response under the effect of Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) in a rat experimental model of HUS. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with culture supernatant from recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Stx2. Functional, histological, immunohistochemical and Western blot studies were performed at 48 h postinoculation. Results: Renal tubules showed the loss of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and β-catenin, and an increase in transforming growth factor-β1 expression. We detected the expression of α-smooth muscle actin in the interstitium and fibrosis in the periglomerular areas. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the early tubular response to the effects of Stx2 is related to an immunophenotype change of tubular cells and the presence of mild fibrosis in the interstitium.
Identification of Sialyltransferase 8B as a Generalized Susceptibility Gene for Psychotic and Mood Disorders on Chromosome 15q25-26

We previously identified a significant bipolar spectrum disorder linkage peak on 15q25-26 using 35 extended families with a broad clinical phenotype, including bipolar disorder (types I and II), recurrent unipolar depression and schizoaffective disorder. However, the specific gene(s) contributing to this signal had not been identified. By a fine mapping association study in an Australian case-control cohort (n = 385), we find that the sialyltransferase 8B (ST8SIA2) gene, coding for an enzyme that glycosylates proteins involved in neuronal plasticity which has previously shown association to both schizophrenia and autism, is associated with increased risk to bipolar spectrum disorder. Nominal single point association was observed with SNPs in ST8SIA2 (rs4586379, P = 0.0043; rs2168351, P = 0.0045), and a specific risk haplotype was identified (frequency: bipolar vs controls = 0.41 vs 0.31; χ2 = 6.46, P = 0.011, OR = 1.47). Over-representation of the specific risk haplotype was also observed in an Australian schizophrenia case-control cohort (n = 256) (χ2 = 8.41, P = 0.004, OR = 1.82). Using GWAS data from the NIMH bipolar disorder (n = 2055) and NIMH schizophrenia (n = 2550) cohorts, the equivalent haplotype was significantly over-represented in bipolar disorder (χ2 = 5.91, P = 0.015, OR = 1.29), with the same direction of effect in schizophrenia, albeit non-significant (χ2 = 2.3, P = 0.129, OR = 1.09). We demonstrate marked down-regulation of ST8SIA2 gene expression across human brain development and show a significant haplotype×diagnosis effect on ST8SIA2 mRNA levels in adult cortex (ANOVA: F(1,87) = 6.031, P = 0.016). These findings suggest that variation the ST8SIA2 gene is associated with increased risk to mental illness, acting to restrict neuronal plasticity and disrupt early neuronal network formation, rendering the developing and adult brain more vulnerable to secondary genetic or environmental insults.