Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue at Risk of Infarction Rescued by Early Reperfusion: A Positron Emission Tomography Study in Systemic Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Thrombolysis of Acute Stroke

Thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke can be successful only as long as there is penumbral tissue perfused at rates between the thresholds of normal function and irreversible structural damage, respectively. To determine the proportion of tissue at risk of infarction, cerebral perfusion was studied in 12 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent treatment with systemic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (0.9 mg/kg body weight according to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke protocol) within 3 hours of onset of symptoms, using [15O]-H2O positron emission tomography (PET) before or during, and repeatedly after thrombolysis. The size of the regions of critically hypoperfused gray matter were identified on the initial PET scans, and changes of perfusion in those areas were related to the clinical course (followed by the National Institutes of Health stroke scale) and to the volume of infarcted gray matter demarcated on magnetic resonance imaging 3 weeks after the stroke. Whereas the initial clinical score was unrelated to the size of the ischemic area, after 3 weeks there was a strong correlation between clinical deficit and volume size of infarcted gray matter (Spearman's rho, 0.96; P < 0.001). All patients with a severely hypoperfused (< 12 mL/100 g/min) gray matter region measuring less than 15 mL on first PET showed full morphologic and clinical recovery (n = 5), whereas those with ischemic areas larger than 20 mL developed infarction and experienced persistent neurologic deficits of varying degree. Infarct sizes, however, were smaller than expected from previous correlative PET and morphologic studies of patients with acute stroke: only 22.7% of the gray matter initially perfused at rates below the conventional threshold of critical ischemia became necrotic. Actually, the percentage of initially ischemic voxels that became reperfused at almost normal levels clearly predicted the degree of clinical improvement achieved within 3 weeks. These sequential blood flow PET studies demonstrate that critically hypoperfused tissue can be preserved by early reperfusion, perhaps related to thrombolytic therapy. The results correspond with experimental findings demonstrating the prevention of large infarcts by early reperfusion to misery perfused but viable tissue.
An Evaluation of the Antiinflammatory Effects of Intraarticular Synthetic beta-Endorphin in the Canine Model

We sought to evaluate the antiinflammatory effects of synthetic human beta-endorphin (SHB) when injected into the canine knee joint. Sixteen healthy dogs, aged 1-2 yr, were selected. SHB was injected pre- and postinjury into each knee. The sample size was n = 32 after a randomized factorial arrangement; 2 times 4 with four cases per treatment being performed. Factors considered were: Factor A with two levels: A1 = Preinjury and A2 = Postinjury; Factor B (SHB dose) with four levels: B1 = Control, B2 = 250 micro gram, B3 = 500 micro gram, B4 = 1000 micro gram. The control group received 0.9% NaCl solution. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous thiopental, 14 mg/kg, and acepromazine, 0.5 mg/kg. Injury was produced with an intraarticular injection of 4 mL HCl 0.5 M, which was left in situ for 20 min. Inflammation was measured using the 610 nm absorbency of Evans blue extravasate in biopsy specimens. Histopathologic studies were performed on each knee. We found that beta-endorphin has a clear, dose-related, antiinflammatory effect, reducing the tissue extravasation of Evans blue and its absorbency, especially with large doses. This finding was consistent with the histopathologic observations. We conclude that SHB has an antiinflammatory effect. It is still not clear which mechanisms inhibit polymorphonuclear cell adhesion to vascular endothelium or cell and plasmatic protein extravasation. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:177-81)
How PI3K-derived lipids control cell division

To succeed in cell division, intense cytoskeletal and membrane remodeling are required to allow accurate chromosome segregation and cytoplasm partitioning. Spatial restriction of the actin dynamics and vesicle trafficking define the cell symmetry and equivalent membrane scission events, respectively. Protein complexes coordinating mitosis are recruited to membrane microdomains characterized by the presence of the phosphatidylinositol lipid members (PtdIns), like PtdIns(3,4,5)P3,PtdIns(4,5)P2, and PtdIns(3)P. These PtdIns represent a minor component of cell membranes, defining membrane domain identity, ultimately controlling cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics during mitosis. The coordinated presence of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the cell poles and PtdIns(4,5)P2 at the cleavage furrow controls the polarity of the actin cytoskeleton leading to symmetrical cell division. In the endosomal compartment, the trafficking of PtdIns(3)P positive vesicles allows the recruitment of the protein machinery required for the abscission.
Amisulpride, an atypical antipsychotic, in the treatment of acute episodes of schizophrenia: a dose‐ranging study vs. haloperidol

This 4‐week, double‐blind, randomized study was undertaken to determine the dose‐response relationship of amisulpride in 319 patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Fixed doses of amisulpride (400, 800 and 1200 mg/day) and haloperidol (16 mg/day) were compared to amisulpride, 100 mg/day, as a potentially subtherapeutic dose. Efficacy data (BPRS total score and PANSS positive subscale) in the amisulpride groups generated a bell‐shaped dose‐response curve, with 400 mg/day and 800 mg/day being the most effective treatments for positive symptoms. Parkinsonism did not increase significantly between baseline and endpoint with amisulpride 400, 800 and 1200 mg/day compared to the amisulpride 100 mg/day group, whereas the difference was significant for haloperidol (P<0.05). It is concluded that amisulpride 400 mg and 800 mg/day is highly effective in treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, with less extrapyramidal side‐effects than haloperidol 16 mg/day.
Isolation of an acidic glycoprotein from rabbit oviducal fluid and its association with the egg coating.

Summary. A high molecular weight acidic glycoprotein has been isolated from rabbit oviducal fluid. Electrophoretic analysis of this purified glycoprotein showed one major component. Antibodies to the glycoprotein were raised in the goat, concentrated by ammonium sulphate precipitation and conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The conjugated antibodies reacted with 3-day-old rabbit eggs causing them to fluoresce green in u.v. light, but 4-day-old eggs, which have largely lost their coat, did not react significantly with the antibody. These observations suggest that the high molecular weight acidic glycoprotein in oviducal fluid participates in the egg-coating process.
Numerical Study on Propeller Flow-Separation Control by DBD-Plasma Aerodynamic Actuation

The process of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma flow-separation control on screw propeller is numerically simulated based on the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations loosely with DBD-plasma body force aerodynamic actuation mechanism. The effect and the mechanism of plasma flow control to enhance the propeller aerodynamic characteristics are discussed. The results show that the propeller aerodynamic characteristics will decrease as the altitude increase without plasma flow control, but it will first increase and then decrease as the altitude increases with plasma flow control. The effect of DBD-plasma flow control on the distribution of pressure is small at ground condition, and the difference of pressure distribution between general propeller and plasma efficiency-enhance propeller will be increased as the altitude increases. The effect of DBD-plasma flow-separation control will increase as the altitude increases. Mainly, the mechanism of the plasma flow control to enhance the propeller aerodynamic is obtained as follows. The flow separation on the propeller blade surface could be effectually controlled by DBD-plasma aerodynamic actuation, thereby increasing the efficiency of the propeller. The pressure of the windward surface of the blade will decrease by the plasma body force, which will increase the thrust of the propeller.
Patterns of Natural Language Use: Disclosure, Personality, and Social Integration

When people write about their deepest thoughts and feelings about an emotionally significant event, numerous benefits in many domains (e.g., health, achievement, and well-being) result. As one step in understanding how writing achieves these effects, we have developed a computer program that provides a “fingerprint” of the words people use in writing or in natural settings. Analyses of text samples indicate that particular patterns of word use predict health and also reflect personality styles. We have also discovered that language use in the laboratory writing paradigm is associated with changes in social interactions and language use in the real world. The implications for using computer-based text analysis programs in the development of psychological theory are discussed.
CONCEPTUALIZING SMALL TOWNS AS URBAN PLACES: THE PROCESS OF DOWNTOWN REDEVELOPMENT IN GALENA, ILLINOIS

This research investigates the process through which small-town central business districts (CBDs) are transformed into visitor-oriented attractions. A case study of Galena, Illinois, reveals that the dominant characteristics of the downtown redevelopment process are applicable to metropolis and small town alike. Similar economic “tools,” enabling legislation, and other mechanisms are available to essentially all municipalities regardless of size. Further, growth coalitions and interest groups are formed to promote the particular use and exchange values of CBDs throughout the urban hierarchy. What differs between small town and large metropolis, however, is the way in which contemporary CBDs are perceived by the community. While the metropolitan downtown is now largely viewed as a “command center” within a global economy, the small-town CBD is still varyingly perceived as the community's economic and social center. Such contrasting conceptions of downtown hold implications for the ability to successfully transform Main Street into a tourist attraction without generating substantial inter-community conflict. [Key words: small town, historic district, main street, downtown redevelopment, tourism. ]
How A . I . and multi-robot systems research will accelerate our understanding of social animal behavior

Our understanding of social insect behavior has significantly influenced A.I. and multi-robot systems’ research (e.g. ant algorithms and swarm robotics). In this work, however, we focus on the opposite question, namely: “how can multi-robot systems research contribute to the understanding of social animal behavior? ” As we show, we are able to contribute at several levels: First, using algorithms that originated in the robotics community, we can track animals under observation to provide essential quantitative data for animal behavior research. Second, by developing and applying algorithms originating in speech recognition and computer vision, we can automatically label the behavior of animals under observation. Our ultimate goal, however, is to automatically create, from observation, executable models of behavior. An executable model is a control program for an agent that can run in simulation (or on a robot). The representation for these executable models is drawn from research in multi-robot systems programming. In this paper we present the algorithms we have developed for tracking, recognizing, and learning models of social animal behavior, details of their implementation, and quantitative experimental results using them to study social insects.
Teacher attention and classroom behaviour1 1

Abstract The incidence of appropriate and inappropriate classroom behaviour was observed in ten children classified by their teacher as the worst behaved (WB) in the class and 10 children classified as the best behaved (BB). Teacher positive and negative responses to the WB and BB groups were also observed. The main finding was that the teacher responded at a higher rate to the inappropriate behaviour of the WB group than the BB group. This is not at variance with the notion that teacher attention serves to maintain high rates of inappropriate classroom behaviour. Unexpectedly, the teacher did not respond with positive attention at a higher rate to the appropriate behaviour of the BB than the WB group. That is, contrary to the theory that teacher attention is a major controller of classroom behaviour, there was no evidence in this study that high rates of appropriate behaviour are maintained by teacher attention. 1. This research was carried out as part of a Bachelor of Education Honours Thesis by the sec.
Increased apical Na+ permeability in cystic fibrosis is supported by a quantitative model of epithelial ion transport

• Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disease caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, which encodes a channel protein, selective for anions. • In the lungs, the site of the most severe symptoms, CF causes abnormal electrolyte transport in epithelial cells which line the airways. • Airway epithelial ion transport can be assessed by measuring the trans‐epithelial potential difference (Vt) which shows characteristic changes in CF individuals. We developed a biophysical model of ion transport in human nasal epithelia, in order to investigate quantitatively which transport parameters underlie these observed bioelectric changes. • We found that loss of apical Cl− permeability alone is insufficient to explain the bioelectric properties of CF epithelia. An increase of apical Na+ permeability must also occur. • This insight has important implications for our understanding of the physiology of CF disease, and hence for potential therapies aimed at correcting the CF ion transport defect.
Ordering Things: The Irish State Administration Database

New theoretical approaches to the state have posed challenges for the comparative analysis of the organizational features of states. The analysis of state bodies and state agencies has largely been confined to the sub-discipline of public administration, and has been resistant to the systematic classification that has made progress possible in other areas of comparative politics. This article argues that there is much to be gained by reconceptualizing state bodies in a comparative context. This paper profiles the classification system underlying the construction of the Irish State Administration Database (ISAD). This paper sets out a new approach to conceptualizing the organizational and functional features of states. ISAD not only provides a valuable research resource for work on the Irish state, but also can provide a framework for building a comparative research agenda.
The benefits of a preventive job search program on re-employment and mental health at 2-year follow-up

This study investigated whether a preventive, group-based job search program has longterm beneficial effects on the re-employment and mental health of participants who have been unemployed for a prolonged period of time. A total of 1,227 unemployed Finnish job seekers participated in this randomly assigned experimental field study. Participation in the programme significantly decreased symptoms of depression, and increased the selfesteem of the participants during the 2 years of follow-up. Compared to the control group, the participants of the experimental group were engaged significantly more often in the labour market, either employed, or participating in vocational training.
Development and Evaluation of the Revised Academic Hardiness Scale

Researchers have a long-standing interest in better understanding why some students avoid challenging academic course work at the risk of harming their academic standing, whereas others are willing to pursue these types of challenges. The Academic Hardiness Scale (AHS) was developed to better understand characteristics that may differentiate these two types of students. Although preliminary findings provided support for the initial version of the AHS, the measure exhibited only good to marginal coefficient alphas and limited discriminant validity. The present investigation represents the second phase of measurement development for the AHS. The study was designed to evaluate the factor structure; internal consistency reliability; discriminant, convergent, and concurrent validity; and testretest reliability of the Revised Academic Hardiness Scale (RAHS). Results from this study identified a three-component measure that has very good basic psychometric properties. The RAHS is a significant improvement over its parent instrument.
APOE-ɛ4 Carrier Status and Donepezil Response in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract Background: Previous studies have investigated associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ɛ4 allele status and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment response in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The ability to draw definitive conclusions regarding the effect of APOE-ɛ4 genotype on treatment response has been hindered by inconsistent results among studies and methodological limitations that restrict interpretation of study findings. Objective: To determine whether APOE-ɛ4 carrier status influences the magnitude of change in 13-item Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale−Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) score associated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment (i.e., donepezil). Methods: Analyses were performed using pooled data from the donepezil and placebo treatment arms of three consecutive, similarly designed, 12-week, multi-national, randomized clinical studies that enrolled patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Correlations between APOE-ɛ4 carrier status and ADAS-cog scores were evaluated using analysis of covariance. Results: No appreciable interaction between donepezil response and APOE-ɛ4 carrier status or copy number was detected. Both carriers and non-carriers of APOE-ɛ4 who received donepezil experienced significant improvements from baseline in ADAS-cog score versus placebo (p < 0.05). Change from baseline to final observation in the donepezil treatment group was – 2.95 for APOE-ɛ4 carriers and – 4.09 for non-carriers (p = 0.23). In contrast, non-carriers of APOE-ɛ4 in the placebo treatment group exhibited a greater improvement from baseline versus carriers (–2.38 versus – 0.60, p = 0.05). Conclusion: Within this population, APOE genotype had no statistically significant effect on cognitive response to donepezil treatment; however, APOE-ɛ4 allele status was associated with a difference in the magnitude of the change in ADAS-cog of placebo-treated patients.
Morphology and dynamics of protruding spirochete periplasmic flagella

We recently characterized the three-dimensional shape of Treponema phagedenis periplasmic flagella (PFs). In the course of these studies, we observed protrusions on swimming cells that resembled PFs. Here we present a detailed characterization of the shape, structure, and motion of these protrusions. Although protrusion formation occurred primarily in wild-type cells during the stationary phase, a large fraction of exponential-phase cells of cell cylinder helicity mutants (greater than 90% of mutant T-52) had protrusions. These results suggest that cells bearing protrusions can still participate in cell division. T. phagedenis protrusions had the identical helix handedness, pitch, and diameter to those of purified PFs. Protrusions were not present on mutants unable to synthesize PFs, but were present in all motile revertants which regained PFs. These results, taken together with electron microscope observations, suggest that protrusions consist of PFs surrounded by an outer membrane sheath. To analyze protrusion movements, we held cells against a coverglass surface with optical tweezers and observed the motion of protrusions by video-enhanced differential interference contrast light microscopy. Protrusions were found to gyrate in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and direct evidence was obtained that protrusions rotate. Protrusions were also observed on Treponema denticola and Borrelia burgdorferi. These were also left-handed and had the same helix handedness, pitch, and diameter as purified PFs from their respective species. The PFs from T. denticola had a helix diameter of 0.26 microns and a helix pitch of 0.78 micron; PFs from B. burgdorferi had a helix diameter of 0.28 micron and a helix pitch of 1.48 microns. Protrusions from these spirochete species had similar structures and motion to those of T. phagedenis. Our results present direct evidence that PFs rotate and support previously proposed models of spirochete motility.
Land‐borders and sea‐borders: An exploration of differences in border region development

Abstract Land‐borders and the adjacent regions have attracted considerable attention since the early 1980s. However, there has been a neglect of sea‐borders and the adjacent coastal regions. This paper has the aim to signal differences in development between land‐border and sea‐border regions, based on a different historical development of interaction costs in cross‐border transport and on differences in the characteristics of land‐borders and sea‐borders. To this purpose, the focus is on two types of border impacts on border regions, i.e., interaction between adjacent border regions (mainly in transport) and economic development of these regions. Border impacts are illustrated with examples from a small country, the Netherlands, with an almost equal length of land‐borders and sea‐borders. The paper concludes with a summary and indications of future research.
The Life Space of a Scientist: The Visionary Function and Other Aspects of Jean Piaget's Thinking

This article (a) sketches briefly some systematic aspects of creative work as part of the rationale for the use of the case study method, (b) outlines a spectrum of processes that can be grouped as the 'visionary function,' which includes metaphor and other figures of thought, and (c) illustrates the previous points by examining both Jean Piaget's creative work and his ideas about creative work, drawing on unpublished interviews and other sources. Special attention is given to an example of metaphors and other figures of thought that play important roles in Piaget's thinking. These include the circle of the sciences, nourishment and growth, biology and knowledge, toys, projection, possibilities, incubation, writing as thinking, internal logic, music, morality and structure, adolescent dreamer, ascent, and ascending equilibration.
Grade Retention and School Dropout: Investigating the Association

High dropout rates among students who repeated grades are often cited as evidence that grade retention is harmful. This article uses event history analysis to explore whether and how a grade retention influenced graduation outcomes among one cohort of youths from an urban school system. Repeating a grade from kindergarten to sixth grade was associated with a substantial increase in the odds of dropping out even after controlling for differences in background and postretention grades and attendance. This article explores whether grade retention may influence school dropout because it makes students overage for grade. Students who ended sixth grade overage for grade experienced substantial disengagement during middle school; nearly one quarter dropped out, and those who remained had significant declines in attendance. I find that the impact of being overage for grade during adolescence may explain a large proportion of the higher dropout rates among retained youths.