Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Educational variations in the consumption of foods containing fat in Finland and the Baltic countries

Abstract Objective To examine educational differences among people who consume foods containing fat in Finland and the Baltic countries. Design Data were collected from cross-sectional postal Finbalt Health Monitor surveys that were carried out in 1998, 2000 and 2002. Setting Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania. Subjects For each survey, nationally representative random samples of adults aged 20–64 years were drawn from population registers (Estonia, n = 3656; Finland, n = 9354, Latvia, n = 6015; Lithuania, n = 5944). Results Differences were revealed between the countries in the consumption of foods that contain fat. Finnish people consumed butter on bread, high-fat milk, meat and meat products, and vegetable oil for cooking less frequently than people in the Baltic countries. Cheese was most popular in Finland. Educational differences in fat-related food habits were examined by applying logistic regression analysis. A positive association was found between level of education and consumption of vegetable oil used in food preparation. Drinking high-fat milk was associated with low education in all countries. People with higher education tended to consume cheese more often. Educational patterns in the consumption of butter on bread and in the consumption of meat and meat products differed between countries. Conclusions The consumption of foods containing fat was related to educational levels in all four countries. The diet of better-educated people was closer to recommendations for the consumption of saturated and unsaturated fats than the diet of people with lower level of education. The educational gradient was more consistent in Finland than in the Baltic countries. These existing educational differences in sources of fat consumed should be taken into account in the development of national cardiovascular disease prevention programmes.
How old is your fold?

MOTIVATION At present there exists no age estimate for the different protein structures found in nature. It has become clear from occurrence studies that different folds arose at different points in evolutionary time. An estimation of the age of different folds would be a starting point for many investigations into protein structure evolution: how we arrived at the set of folds we see today. It would also be a powerful tool in protein structure classification allowing us to reassess the available hierarchical methods and perhaps suggest improvements. RESULTS We have created the first relative age estimation technique for protein folds. Our method is based on constructing parsimonious scenarios, which can describe occurrence patterns in a phylogeny of species. The ages presented are shown to be robust to the different trees or data types used for their generation. They show correlations with other previously used protein age estimators, but appear to be far more discriminating than any previously suggested technique. The age estimates given are not absolutes but they already offer intriguing insights, like the very different age patterns of alpha/beta folds compared with small folds. The alpha/beta folds appear on average to be far older than their small fold counterparts. AVAILABILITY Example trees and additional material are available at http://www.stats. ox.ac. uk/~abeln/foldage SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION http://www.stats. ox.ac. uk/~abeln/foldage.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Model Cognitive Growth dengan Mengintegrasikan Nilai Karakter Bangsa untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Siswa Kelas VIII

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada siswa kelas VIII yang valid dan mengetahui implementasi perangkat pembelajaran matematika meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang efektif dan praktis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Adapun model pengembangan perangkat yang akan digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah model yang dikembangkan oleh Plomp (1997). Pengembangan perangkat ini terdiri dari lima tahapan yaitu tahap investigasi awal (preliminary investigation), tahap perancangan (design), tahap realisasi/konstruksi (realization/construction), tahap pengujian,evaluasi, revisi (test, evaluation, revision) dan implementasi (implementation), tetapi pada penelitian ini dibatasi sampai tahapkeempat.Perangkat yang dikembangkan kemudian divalidasi ahli dan diujicobakan. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah model cognitive growth. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP Negeri 8 Magelang kelas VIII sebanyak 33 siswa. Hasil pengembangan diperoleh perangkat pembelajaran yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Kriteria valid ditunjukkan darirata-rata hasil validasi ahli(Va) masing-masing perangkat yaitu Va silabus = 3,07, Va RPP = 3,67, VaLKS = 3,78, Va LTS = 3,58, Va SBA = 3,63, dan Va TKBK = 3. Untuk kriteria praktis ditunjukkan dari hasil observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran (P) = 3,99 dengan kategori baik. Sedangkan kriteria efektif ditunjukkanberdasarkan rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa baikdan lebih dari 50% siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap semua aspek yang ditanyakan dan guru memberikan respon positif terhadap keseluruhan perangkat pembelajaran. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah dihasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika yang valid dan implementasi perangkat pembelajaran matematika untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas VIII yang efektif dan praktis.Saran yang diberikan peneliti yaitupenelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah perangkat pembelajaran yang valid, efektif, dan praktis maka perangkat pembelajaran tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu referensi guru untuk mengajarkan materi bangun ruang sisi dataruntuk kelas VIII SMP dan perangkat pembelajaran yang dihasilkan ini baru sampai pada tahap pengembangan, belum diimplementasikan, disarankan untuk mengimplementasikan perangkat pembelajaran ini pada ruang lingkup yang lebih luas dan di sekolah yang beragam baik negeri maupun swasta.
Photodynamic therapy in oncology

One of the greatest problems of the medical world is cancer, the second most important cause of death on Earth. During the last decade an increase of malignant tumors was seen in Romania, cancer being, after the cardiovascular diseases, the most frequent cause of mortality. The powerful impact of cancer on human life is obvious not only in the death rate but in the number of new cases and living diseased. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer has become one of the priorities of the medical world. Current ways of treating cancer (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) are sometimes only palliatives, that’s why research for new methods to cure cancer is a continuous struggle around the world. Such research have lead to new ways of dealing with this disease based on the induced photochemical effect of light radiation on tumors, known as photochemotherapy or photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is a method of local treatment of the tumor by administrating a photosensitizing substance which is selectively absorbed by the tumor cells and which, during the irradiation with optical radiations, ends in destroying the tumoral tissue. Although in experimental phase, the obtained results of phototherapy in the latest period are remarkable and have lead to growing interest to this method. The application of photodynamic therapy in current practice raises some problems: the type of potosensitizer (the way of administration, how to prepare it, therapeutic concentration), the radiation source (type, irradiation parameters: wavelength, energy, exposure time, pulse duration, pulse frequency, etc), methods of determining the biologic response, etc. Until now, there are numerous studies on each of these matters. A synthesis of these studies is the subject of this article.
fMRI Evidence for a Three-Stage Model of Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning is fundamental to science, human culture, and the solution of problems in daily life. It starts with premises and yields a logically necessary conclusion that is not explicit in the premises. Here we investigated the neurocognitive processes underlying logical thinking with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. We specifically focused on three temporally separable phases: (1) the premise processing phase, (2) the premise integration phase, and (3) the validation phase in which reasoners decide whether a conclusion logically follows from the premises. We found distinct patterns of cortical activity during these phases, with initial temporo-occipital activation shifting to the prefrontal cortex and then to the parietal cortex during the reasoning process. Activity in these latter regions was specific to reasoning, as it was significantly decreased during matched working memory problems with identical premises and equal working memory load.
Modeling Non-Stationary Asymmetric Lens Blur by Normal Sinh-Arcsinh Model

Images acquired by a camera show lens blur due to imperfection in the optical system even when images are properly focused. Lens blur is non-stationary in a sense that the amount of blur depends on pixel locations in a sensor. Lens blur is also asymmetric in a sense that the amount of blur is different in the radial and tangential directions, and also in the inward and outward radial directions. This paper presents parametric blur kernel models based on the normal sinh-arcsinh distribution function. The proposed models can provide flexible shapes of blur kernels with a different symmetry and skewness to model complicated lens blur due to optical aberration in a properly focused images accurately. Blur of single focal length lenses is estimated, and the accuracy of the models is compared with the existing parametric blur models. An advantage of the proposed models is demonstrated through deblurring experiments.
Spinning fantasy: themes, structure, and the knowledge base.

The influence of the child's knowledge base, in terms of event schemas, on symbolic play behavior was investigated. The pretend play behavior of 10 mother-child (2-0 to 2-4) dyads was observed in 2 play contexts. Play was examined for thematic content and the following structural components: self-other relations, substitute/imaginary objects, action integration, and planfulness. The highest levels of symbolic play behavior emerged in pretense episodes whose thematic content was event based. Additionally, thematic content affected the respective roles of mother and child in the construction of pretense. In pretense activity based on themes with which the child was familiar (e.g., routine events), the child, as well as the mother, participated in advanced levels of symbolic play activity, coconstructing pretense. In pretense based on themes unfamiliar to the child, the mother was almost exclusively responsible for the pretense. Thus, the development of child symbolic play appears to be related to the knowledge base in that its emergence is domain-specific--limited to themes for which the child has knowledge--before being more widely manifested.
Assessing health care in Canada's North: what can we learn from national and regional surveys?

Background Health surveys are a rich source of information on a variety of health issues, including health care. Objectives This article compares various national and regional surveys in terms of their geographical coverage with respect to the Canadian North, especially their Aboriginal population, and the comparability of the survey contents relating to health care. Methods Three surveys were selected as providing some information on health care, with separate estimates for the North and its Aboriginal populations. They are the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) and the First Nations Regional Health Survey (RHS). Results Different surveys focus on different categories of Aboriginal people, and no single survey has covered all categories of Aboriginal people in the North consistently. RHS is targeted at the on-reserve First Nations population only. APS and CCHS sample the off-reserve First Nations population as well as Métis and Inuit. To achieve adequate sample size for North–South comparisons and comparisons among Aboriginal groups within the North, several cycles of the biennial/annual CCHS can be merged, producing a large data set with consistent coverage of topics using comparable questions. The content areas of the 3 surveys can be broadly categorized as health status, health determinants and health care. Substantial variation exists across surveys in the domains covered. There are also changes over time in terms of definitions, questions and even basic concepts. The available health care content of the 3 surveys focus on access to different types of health services, contact with different categories of health professionals, unmet health needs and the use of preventive services. Many important dimensions of health care are not covered. Not all these basic indicators are available for the North or its Aboriginal populations. Conclusions A comprehensive survey of health care in the North with sufficient sample size to provide reliable estimates for its subpopulations – urban and remote, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal, and First Nations, Inuit and Métis – would provide useful information to decision-makers and service providers. Analytical studies can also be conducted to investigate the correlations and interactions among health status, health determinants and health care and assess whether such relationships differ among the different population groups.
A Novel NOD2-associated Mutation and Variant Blau Syndrome: Phenotype and Molecular Analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the clinical and molecular implications of a novel mutation in the NOD2/CARD15 gene on a family and its seven affected members. Methods: We reviewed the clinical presentations of family members who came to our center for refractory uveitis. Genetic testing and molecular testing was performed. Results: All affected members had adult onset recurrent non-granulomatous panuveitis. The inheritance pattern suggested an autosomal dominant disease and genetic analysis identified a novel mutation in the NOD2 gene that converted amino acid 600 from glutamate to alanine (E600A). Transfection of the E600A NOD2 into human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK293) cells revealed constitutive activation and a reduced ability to respond to the NOD2 ligand, muramyl dipeptide (MDP) as compared with wild-type NOD2. Conclusions: The E600A mutation in the NOD2 gene may confer a higher penetrance of uveitis but a later onset of milder forms of non-ocular involvement.
Regularized estimation of large covariance matrices

This paper considers estimating a covariance matrix of p variables from n observations by either banding the sample covariance matrix or estimating a banded version of the inverse of the covariance. We show that these estimates are consistent in the operator norm as long as (logp) 2 =n ! 0, and obtain explicit rates. The results are uniform over some fairly natural well-conditioned families of covariance matrices. We also introduce an analogue of the Gaussian white noise model and show that if the population covariance is embeddable in that model and well-conditioned then the banded approximations produce consistent estimates of the eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. The results can be extended to smooth versions of banding and to non-Gaussian distributions with su‐ciently short tails. A resampling approach is proposed for choosing the banding parameter in practice. This approach is illustrated numerically on both simulated and real data.
Time course for exercise-induced alterations in insulin action and glucose tolerance in middle-aged people.

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate glucose tolerance and insulin action immediately after exercise and 2) to determine how long the improved glucose homeostatic mechanisms observed 12-16 h after exercise persist. Nine (seven men, two women) moderately trained middle-aged (51 +/- 3 yr) subjects performed 45 min of exercise at 73 +/- 2% of peak O2 uptake for 5 days, followed by 7 days of inactivity. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT; 75 g) were performed immediately postexercise (IPE; approximately 30 min) after the final exercise bout and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after exercise. The incremental area under the plasma glucose curve was markedly higher IPE (355 +/- 82 mM.min) compared with those on days 1 (136 +/- 57 mM.min; P < 0.05) and 3 (173 +/- 62 mM.min; P < 0.05). The glucose area was significantly higher on days 5 (213 +/- 80 mM.min) and 7 (225 +/- 84 mM.min) compared with those on days 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). The incremental insulin area IPE (3,729 +/- 1,104 microU.ml-1.min) was 43% higher compared with that on day 1 (2,603 +/- 635 microU.ml-1.min; P < 0.05) and 66% higher compared with that on day 3 (2,240 +/- 517 microU.ml-1.min; P < 0.05). The insulin area increased to 3,616 +/- 617 microU.ml-1.min after 5 days of inactivity (P < 0.05). An additional 48 h of inactivity did not result in any further increase in the plasma insulin response. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Separating the Real From the Synthetic: Extended Minutiae Histograms as Fingerprints of Fingerprints

In this study we show that current state-of-the-art synthetically generated fingerprints can easily be discriminated from real fingerprints. Tests are conducted on the 12 publicly available databases of FVC2000, FVC2002 and FVC2004 which are important benchmarks for evaluating the performance of fingerprint recognition algorithms; 3 of these 12 databases consist of artificial fingerprints generated by the SFinGe software. We propose a method based on extended minutiae histograms which can distinguish between real and synthetic prints with very high accuracy. This ’test of realness’ can be applied to synthetic fingerprints produced by any method. The connection to the knowledge about the biological formation process of finger patterns is discussed and suggestions for the improvement of synthetic fingerprint generation are given. Two additional application areas for extended minutiae histograms are considered: identification and quantifying the weight of fingerprint evidence in court.
Association between familial hypercholesterolemia and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

IMPORTANCE Familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by impaired uptake of cholesterol in peripheral tissues, including the liver and the pancreas. In contrast, statins increase the cellular cholesterol uptake and are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hypothesize that transmembrane cholesterol transport is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between type 2 diabetes prevalence and familial hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study in all individuals (n = 63,320) who underwent DNA testing for familial hypercholesterolemia in the national Dutch screening program between 1994 and 2014. EXPOSURES Deleteriousness and nondeleteriousness of familial hypercholesterolemia mutations were based on literature or laboratory function testing. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutations were considered more severe than apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) mutations, and receptor-negative LDL receptor mutations were considered more severe than receptor-deficient mutations. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 1.75% in familial hypercholesterolemia patients (n = 440/25,137) vs 2.93% in unaffected relatives (n = 1119/38,183) (P < .001; odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.55-0.69]). The adjusted prevalence of type 2 diabetes in familial hypercholesterolemia, determined using multivariable regression models, was 1.44% (difference, 1.49% [95% CI, 1.24%-1.71%]) (OR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.41-0.58]; P < .001). The adjusted prevalence of type 2 diabetes by APOB vs LDL receptor gene was 1.91% vs 1.33% (OR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.48-0.87] vs OR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.38-0.54]), and the prevalence for receptor-deficient vs receptor-negative mutation carriers was 1.44% vs 1.12% (OR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.40-0.60] vs OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.29-0.49]), respectively (P for trend <.001 in both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a cross-sectional analysis in the Netherlands, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among patients with familial hypercholesterolemia was significantly lower than among unaffected relatives, with variability by mutation type. If this finding is confirmed in longitudinal analysis, it would raise the possibility of a causal relationship between LDL receptor-mediated transmembrane cholesterol transport and type 2 diabetes.
Building Thai FrameNet through a Combination Approach

This paper presents the construction of Thai Frame Net through a combination approach: the expand and the merge. The alignment of the original Frame Net is made through the former whilst the latter manifests the indigenous Thai concepts. After a combination approach is implemented, frames are organised in the Thai Frame Net database and linked by seven frame-to-frame relations.
Does dissatisfaction with psychosocial work climate predict depressive, anxiety and substance abuse disorders? A prospective study of Danish public service employees

Background The aim of this study was to examine if dissatisfaction with psychosocial work climate predicts psychiatrically diagnosed depressive, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. Methods In Aarhus County, Denmark, 13 423 public service employees at 683 workplace units answered a questionnaire survey assessing psychosocial work environment. An average workplace unit score of overall satisfaction with psychosocial working conditions, rated on a scale from 0–10 with 10 being most satisfied, was computed and assigned to the individual employees at each work unit. Aggregated satisfaction scores were divided into three levels, according to the 25–75 percentiles. Data on hospitalisations and outpatient treatments for depressive, anxiety and substance abuse disorders was obtained from the Danish Central Psychiatric Research Register. HRs and 95% CIs were computed for first onset of studied disorders, starting from the baseline survey at 1 January 2002 through to 30 April 2008. Risk estimates were adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Results A low satisfaction with psychosocial working conditions was associated with an increased risk of any mental health disorder, HRadj 1.71, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.82. The lower the satisfaction level, the higher was the risk of mental health disorders. Moreover, substance abuse disorders were more frequent among men dissatisfied with work climate, HRadj 3.53, 95% CI 1.55 to 8.03. Conclusion Working in a dissatisfying psychosocial environment increases the risk of subsequent mental health disorders. Randomised, controlled intervention trials may help in resolving whether this association is causal.
Elementary SuperVision and the Supervisor: Teacher Attitudes and Inclusive Education

Evidence has emerged which suggests that as a supervisor, the importance of knowing oneself, and knowing those that he or she is supervising, is vital to the success of the group. We argue that when conflicting values, attitudes, and beliefs are present amongst the members of the group over an issue (inclusion), or over the behaviours of a member (non-inclusive), the entire group can break down. Therefore, to successfully implement a program, such as inclusion, knowing the attitudes of the staff is vital as a program such as this cannot be successful without positive support.