Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular aging and rejuvenation of human muscle stem cells

Very little remains known about the regulation of human organ stem cells (in general, and during the aging process), and most previous data were collected in short‐lived rodents. We examined whether stem cell aging in rodents could be extrapolated to genetically and environmentally variable humans. Our findings establish key evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of human stem cell aging. We find that satellite cells are maintained in aged human skeletal muscle, but fail to activate in response to muscle attrition, due to diminished activation of Notch compounded by elevated transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)/phospho Smad3 (pSmad3). Furthermore, this work reveals that mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/phosphate extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK) signalling declines in human muscle with age, and is important for activating Notch in human muscle stem cells. This molecular understanding, combined with data that human satellite cells remain intrinsically young, introduced novel therapeutic targets. Indeed, activation of MAPK/Notch restored ‘youthful’ myogenic responses to satellite cells from 70‐year‐old humans, rendering them similar to cells from 20‐year‐old humans. These findings strongly suggest that aging of human muscle maintenance and repair can be reversed by ‘youthful’ calibration of specific molecular pathways.
Direct visualization of Agrobacterium-delivered VirE2 in recipient cells

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a natural genetic engineer widely used to deliver DNA into various recipients, including plant, yeast and fungal cells. The bacterium can transfer single-stranded DNA molecules (T–DNAs) and bacterial virulence proteins, including VirE2. However, neither the DNA nor the protein molecules have ever been directly visualized after the delivery. In this report, we adopted a split-GFP approach: the small GFP fragment (GFP11) was inserted into VirE2 at a permissive site to create the VirE2-GFP11 fusion, which was expressed in A. tumefaciens; and the large fragment (GFP1–10) was expressed in recipient cells. Upon delivery of VirE2-GFP11 into the recipient cells, GFP fluorescence signals were visualized. VirE2-GFP11 was functional like VirE2; the GFP fusion movement could indicate the trafficking of Agrobacterium-delivered VirE2. As the natural host, all plant cells seen under a microscope received the VirE2 protein in a leaf-infiltration assay; most of VirE2 moved at a speed of 1.3–3.1 μm sec−1 in a nearly linear direction, suggesting an active trafficking process. Inside plant cells, VirE2-GFP formed filamentous structures of different lengths, even in the absence of T-DNA. As a non-natural host recipient, 51% of yeast cells received VirE2, which did not move inside yeast. All plant cells seen under a microscope transiently expressed the Agrobacterium-delivered transgene, but only 0.2% yeast cells expressed the transgene. This indicates that Agrobacterium is a more efficient vector for protein delivery than T-DNA transformation for a non-natural host recipient: VirE2 trafficking is a limiting factor for the genetic transformation of a non-natural host recipient. The split-GFP approach could enable the real-time visualization of VirE2 trafficking inside recipient cells.
Library mobile applications in university libraries

Purpose – This research aims to integrate the unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology (UTAUT) with task technology fit to explain users' behavioral intention of using library mobile applications in university libraries. Design/methodology/approach – By integrating the unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology (UTAUT) and the moderator of task-technology fit, this research proposes a library mobile applications usage intention model. The study data come from a convenience sample of 363 undergraduate and graduate students. A structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was conducted to identify causal relationships. Findings – Results showed that the UTAUT model fits the data well. The empirical data reveal that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions determine users' behavioral intention of using library mobile applications. As a determinant in the UTAUT model, the moderating effect of task-technology fit is also significant. Moreove.
Examining marginal sequence similarities between bacterial type III secretion system and Trypanosoma cruzi surface proteins: Horizontal gene transfer or convergent evolution?

The cell invasion mechanism of Trypanosoma cruzi has similarities with some intracellular bacterial taxa especially regarding calcium mobilization. This mechanism is not observed in other trypanosomatids, suggesting that the molecules involved in this type of cell invasion were a product of (1) acquired by horizontal gene transfer; (2) secondary loss in the other trypanosomatid lineages of the mechanism inherited since the bifurcation Bacteria-Neomura (1.9 billion to 900 million years ago) or (3) de novo evolution from non-homologous proteins via convergent evolution. Similar to T. cruzi, several bacterial genera require increased host cell cytosolic calcium for intracellular invasion. Among intracellular bacteria, the mechanism of host cell invasion of genus Salmonella is the most similar to T. cruzi. The invasion of Salmonella occurs by contact with the host's cell surface and is mediated by the type III secretion system (T3SS) that promotes the contact-dependent translocation of effector proteins directly into host's cell cytoplasm. Here we provide evidence of distant sequence similarities and structurally conserved domains between T. cruzi and Salmonella spp T3SS proteins. Exhaustive database searches were directed to a wide range of intracellular bacteria and trypanosomatids, exploring sequence patterns for comparison of structural similarities and Bayesian phylogenies. Based on our data we hypothesize that T. cruzi acquired genes for calcium mobilization mediated invasion by ancient horizontal gene transfer from ancestral Salmonella lineages.
Lie symmetries and exact solutions of barotropic vorticity equation

Lie group methods are used for the study of various issues related to symmetries and exact solutions of the barotropic vorticity equation. The Lie symmetries of the barotropic vorticity equations on the $f$- and $\beta$-planes, as well as on the sphere in rotating and rest reference frames, are determined. A symmetry background for reducing the rotating reference frame to the rest frame is presented. The one- and two-dimensional inequivalent subalgebras of the Lie invariance algebras of both equations are exhaustively classified and then used to compute invariant solutions of the vorticity equations. This provides large classes of exact solutions, which include both Rossby and Rossby--Haurwitz waves as special cases. We also discuss the possibility of partial invariance for the $\beta$-plane equation, thereby further extending the family of its exact solutions. This is done in a more systematic and complete way than previously available in literature.
Flavor superconductivity from gauge/gravity duality

We give a detailed account and extensions of a holographic flavor supercon- ductivity model which we have proposed recently. The model has an explicit field theory realization as strongly coupled N = 2 Super Yang-Mills theory with fundamental matter at finite temperature and finite isospin chemical potential. Using gauge/gravity duality, i.e. a probe of two flavor D7-branes in the AdS black hole background, we show that the system undergoes a second order phase transition with critical exponent 1/2. The new ground state may be interpreted as a ρ meson superfluid. It shows signatures known from superconductivity, such as an infinite dc conductivity and a gap in the frequency-dependent conductivity. We present a stringy picture of the condensation mechanism in terms of a recombination of strings. We give a detailed account of the evaluation of the non-Abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld action involved using two different methods. Finally we also consider the case of massive flavors and discuss the holographic Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect in our scenario.
Korean bilingual children’s conversations about gender in online books: a case study of critical media literacy in the United States

Abstract Although a great deal of research has been undertaken in media literacy, early bilingual instruction, gender, and critical thinking, nothing has been documented about the intersection of these four areas. This interdisciplinary study explored the transformative potential of early critical media literacy practices as a medium to prompt authentic discussions about gender with young bilingual children. Adopting a qualitative case study approach, the current article focuses on kindergarten-age Korean-English bilingual children at the Korean Language School in a city in the Midwest United States. Multi-modal data were collected for a semester through classroom observations, one-to-one interviews with the parents and teacher, and the children’s artifacts. The findings suggest that critical media practice can offer young bilingual children a wide range of opportunities for critically examining gender representations in online storybooks and questioning dominant gender ideologies. The practical implications for early-years’ teachers and educators in the twenty-first century are also discussed.
Treatment of Chronic Posttraumatic Leg Injury Using Autologous Fat Graft

We present the results obtained in a case of a 20-year-old Caucasian woman with a posttraumatic injury “hard-to-heal” of the left leg treated using autologous fat graft. Considering our experience in treatment of chronic posttraumatic ulcers by autologous fat graft, we decided to use this surgical technique to induce a regenerative effect in this young patient. We have had complete wound closure with only a single surgical procedure after 1 month; after the second intervention of autologous fat graft we observed an improvement in the quality of the scar tissue. The patient satisfaction was excellent. The results were long lasting and remained virtually unchanged after 1 year.
Isoflurane-Induced Caspase-3 Activation Is Dependent on Cytosolic Calcium and Can Be Attenuated by Memantine

Increasing evidence indicates that caspase activation and apoptosis are associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. We reported that anesthetic isoflurane can induce apoptosis, alter processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and increase amyloid-β protein (Aβ) generation. However, the mechanism by which isoflurane induces apoptosis is primarily unknown. We therefore set out to assess effects of extracellular calcium concentration on isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4 human neuroglioma cells stably transfected to express human full-length APP (H4-APP cells). In addition, we tested effects of RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of IP3 receptor, NMDA receptor, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium pump, sacro-/ER calcium ATPase (SERCA1). Finally, we examined the effects of the NMDA receptor partial antagonist, memantine, in H4-APP cells and brain tissue of naive mice. EDTA (10 mm), BAPTA (10 μm), and RNAi silencing of IP3 receptor, NMDA receptor, or SERCA1 attenuated capase-3 activation. Memantine (4 μm) inhibited isoflurane-induced elevations in cytosolic calcium levels and attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation, apoptosis, and cell viability. Memantine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in brain tissue of naive mice. These results suggest that disruption of calcium homeostasis underlies isoflurane-induced caspase activation and apoptosis. We also show for the first time that the NMDA receptor partial antagonist, memantine, can prevent isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. These findings, indicating that isoflurane-induced caspase activation and apoptosis are dependent on cytosolic calcium levels, should facilitate the provision of safer anesthesia care, especially for Alzheimer's disease and elderly patients.
A COMPACT H-PLANE MAGIC TEE DESIGNED AT W BAND

Magic tee is a widely used component in microwave systems; the four arms of a conventional magic tee direct at four different directions,which occupy much space and give inconveniences to the assemblage of a system. In this paper,a waveguide narrow-wall slot directional coupler and an E-plane dielectric loaded waveguide phase shifter are used to make up of a magic tee with four arms in the same H-plane. The narrow-wall slot directional coupler is analyzed with mode matching method and optimized with simulated annealing method,and the dielectric loaded waveguide phase shifter is designed with edge based finite element method. Numerical results of the magic tee are presented,which show that the performance of the designed magic tee is good.
Value functions for Bolza problems with discontinuous Lagrangians and Hamilton-Jacobi inequalities

We investigate the value function of the Bolza problem of the Calculus of Variations V (t;x )=i nf t 0 L(y(s);y 0 (s))ds +'(y(t)) : y2 W 1;1 (0;t; n ) ;y (0) = x ; with a lower semicontinuous Lagrangian L and a nal cost ', and show that it is locally Lipschitz for t> 0 wheneverL is locally bounded. It also satises Hamilton-Jacobi inequalities in a generalized sense. When the Lagrangian is continuous, then the value function is the unique lower semicontinuous solution to the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation, while for discontinuous Lagrangian we characterize the value function by using the so called contingent inequalities.
Turning SOS rules into equations

A procedure is given for extracting from a GSOS specification of an arbitrary process algebra a complete axiom system for bisimulation equivalence (equational, except for possibly one conditional equation). The methods apply to almost all SOSs for process algebras that have appeared in the literature, and the axiomatizations compare reasonably well with most axioms that have been presented. In particular, they discover the L characterization of parallel composition. It is noted that completeness results for equational axiomatizations are tedious and have become rather standard in many cases. A generalization of extant completeness results shows that in principle this burden can be completely removed if one gives a GSOS description of a process algebra. <<ETX>>
Pseudobulbar affect - A disabling but under-recognised consequence of neurological disease and brain injury

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a condition associated with common neurological diseases or brain injury that manifests as uncontrollable and inappropriate outbursts of laughter or crying. PBA exacts a severe burden on the patient and care-givers in terms of reduced social functioning and often results in the patient’s isolation. The pathophysiology of PBA is incompletely understood, but symptoms are thought to result from damage to neural pathways associated with motor functioning and emotional processing. Data suggest that PBA is underrecognised by neurologists and psychiatrists and many cases go unrecognised or misdiagnosed. PBA has been successfully treated with psychoactive drugs, including antidepressants, but these do not have regulatory approval for use in this indication. A combination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulphate (DM/Q) has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing PBA symptoms and a favourable safety profile in a series of clinical trials and in regular clinical use. With the availability of an effective treatment for PBA symptoms, it becomes even more pressing to detect the condition so that patients can receive appropriate treatment.
Neural Networks for Functional Approximation and System Identification

We construct generalized translation networks to approximate uniformly a class of nonlinear, continuous functionals defined on Lp(1, 1s) for integer s 1, 1 p < , or C(1, 1s). We obtain lower bounds on the possible order of approximation for such functionals in terms of any approximation process depending continuously on a given number of parameters. Our networks almost achieve this order of approximation in terms of the number of parameters (neurons) involved in the network. The training is simple and noniterative; in particular, we avoid any optimization such as that involved in the usual backpropagation.
Intermediate Vision: Architecture, Implementation, and Use

This article describes an implemented architecture for intermediate vision. By integrating a variety of intermediate visual mechanisms and putting them to use in support of concrete activity, the implementation demonstrates their utility. The sytem, SIVS, models psychophysical discoveries about visual attention and search. It is designed to be efficiently implementable in slow, massively parallel, locally connected hardware, such as that of the brain. SIVS addresses five fundamental problems. Visual attentlon is required to restrict processing to task-relevant locations in the image. Vfsual search finds such locations. Vlsuol routines are a means for nonuniform processing based on task demands. InfermedIate ob/ecfs keep track of intermediate results of this processing. Visual operators are a set of relatively abstract, general-purpose primitives for spatial analysis, out of which visual routines are assembled.
The distribution of species range size: a stochastic process

The major role played by environmental factors in determining the geographical range sizes of species raises the possibility of describing their long–term dynamics in relatively simple terms, a goal which has hitherto proved elusive. Here we develop a stochastic differential equation to describe the dynamics of the range size of an individual species based on the relationship between abundance and range size, derive a limiting stationary probability model to quantify the stochastic nature of the range size for that species at steady state, and then generalize this model to the species–range size distribution for an assemblage. The model fits well to several empirical datasets of the geographical range sizes of species in taxonomic assemblages, and provides the simplest explanation of species-range size distributions to date.
The Role of Accruals Quality in the M & A Market

We examine the role of target firms’ accruals quality (AQ) on the course of the acquisition process. We predict and find that target AQ is significantly associated with the choice of sales method (auction vs. negotiation), acquirer and target returns, the likelihood of deal completion, and the speed of the process overall. We further find that AQ has a more pronounced effect on M&A transactions when the target firm is sold via auction versus negotiation and that the relative importance of AQ driven by discretionary reporting choices increases as the transaction moves forward in time. Our results provide new evidence on the role of financial accounting quality in the efficient allocation of capital resources.
Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health Combination Quetiapine Therapy in the Long-term Treatment of Patients with Bipolar I Disorder Quetiapinebipolar I Disordermood Disorderslong-termcombinationatypical Antipsychotics

Objective: Determine the long-term effectiveness of quetiapine in combination with standard treatments in preventing relapses for patients with bipolar I disorders Method: Twenty-one outpatients with type I bipolar disorder who had inadequate responses to ongoing standard therapies were treated with add-on quetiapine in an open-label study. The quetiapine dose was increased until clinical response occurred. Illness response was assessed using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. Relapse rates before and during quetiapine treatment were compared by calculating incidence risk ratios. Results: Quetiapine was added to ongoing standard therapy for 26 to 78 weeks. Thirteen patients received combination therapy for at least 52 weeks. The mean quetiapine dose received was 518 ± 244 mg/day. There were highly significant improvements in overall relapse rate, manic/mixed relapse rate, and depression relapse rate in the period during quetiapine treatment compared with the period before quetiapine was initiated. The calculated relative risk of relapse in the absence of quetiapine treatment was 2.9 overall (95% confidence interval, 1.5~5.6), 3.3 for manic/mixed relapse (95% confidence interval, 1.5~7.1), and 2.4 for depressive relapse (95% confidence interval, 1.3~4.4). The mean Clinical Global Impression scores improved significantly from baseline during 26 weeks of quetiapine treatment in 21 patients (p = 0.002) and remained significantly better during a 52-week treatment period in 13 patients (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Long-term treatment with quetiapine combination therapy reduced the probability of manic/mixed and depressive relapses and improved symptoms in patients with bipolar I disorder who had inadequate responses to ongoing standard treatment. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
FIRE-2008 at Maryland: English-Hindi CLIR

In this year's Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation (FIRE), the University of Maryland participated in the Ad-hoc task cross-language document retrieval task, with English queries and Hindi documents. The experiments focused on evaluating the effectiveness of a “meaning matching” approach based on translation probabilities. The FIRE Hindi test collection provides the first opportunity to carefully assess some of the resources and techniques developed for the Translingual Information Detection, Extraction And Summarization (TIDES) program’s “Surprise Language” exercise in 2003, in which a broad range of language engineering tools were constructed for Hindi in a comparatively short period. The results reported in this paper appear to confirm that some of the language resources developed for the Surprise Language exercise are indeed reusable, and that meaning matching yields reasonably good results with less carefully constructed language resources than had previously been demonstrated.
Sulfatase modifying factor 1–mediated fibroblast growth factor signaling primes hematopoietic multilineage development

Self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are balanced by the concerted activities of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt, and Notch pathways, which are tuned by enzyme-mediated remodeling of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Sulfatase modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) activates the Sulf1 and Sulf2 sulfatases that remodel the HSPGs, and is mutated in patients with multiple sulfatase deficiency. Here, we show that the FGF signaling pathway is constitutively activated in Sumf1−/− HSCs and hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). These cells show increased p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase levels, which in turn promote β-catenin accumulation. Constitutive activation of FGF signaling results in a block in erythroid differentiation at the chromatophilic erythroblast stage, and of B lymphocyte differentiation at the pro–B cell stage. A reduction in mature myeloid cells and an aberrant development of T lymphocytes are also seen. These defects are rescued in vivo by blocking the FGF pathway in Sumf1−/− mice. Transplantation of Sumf1−/− HSPCs into wild-type mice reconstituted the phenotype of the donors, suggesting a cell autonomous defect. These data indicate that Sumf1 controls HSPC differentiation and hematopoietic lineage development through FGF and Wnt signaling.