Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate capitalism in contemporary South Asia: Realities and interpretations

Throughout the South, basic economic reforms—reducing the role of the state, enhancing the market, developing a symbiotic relationship between domestic and global capital—have been attempted in the expectation of stimulating growth. Yet, despite their (quali ed) successes elsewhere in developing regions, freeing the private sector from state control and linking it to world markets has not solved the crisis of growth in South Asia. The actual experiences of the region’s four major countries—India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka—to economic liberalisation measures remains mixed. Increases in the region’s economic growth have been, at best, sporadic; for instance, gains from exports remain unstable despite signi cant degrees of devaluation, and in ows of foreign capital seem hardly to have solved the problem of project  nance. Most importantly, the corporate economy—allegedly the prime locus of growth in this new model—appears hesitant to respond to economic reforms in a sustained manner. Without certain fundamental changes in South Asia’s corporate economy, prime amongst which is the increase in its competitiveness , the positive predictions associated with economic liberalisation programmes are unlikely to be realised. Yet, despite the centrality of the corporate sector to any programme of economic liberalisation , much of the analysis of the impact of the economic reforms remains preoccupied with the state. How does this sector operate? What drives its primary pro t strategies—innovations , market power or state patronage? Have the reforms been able to alter the pro t strategies of the corporate sector to enhance competitiveness , increase pro tability and generate growth? Finally, have incomes and employment grown accordingly? To answer these questions requires the examination of a central claim of the economic liberalisation ; that is, once the state ‘withdraws’ and the levels of corporate pro tability begin to rise, do levels of growth and investment respond in a sustained fashion?
Standing for the client: on the interactional becoming of the criminal defence attorney1

Abstract In this essay, I explore the meaning of the legal profession (the defence attorney). I carry out my investigation in the interactional register. I suggest that we examine the profession of defence attorney as a professional identity in becoming. I localize the event of becoming in the first attorney-client interview. I propose that it is during the first encounter that the attorney comes to stand for the client as a legal counsel. I further propose that the analogy of ‘standing for’ be accessed empirically through an analysis of a recorded episode from the first attorney-client conference. For my methods I use a combination of frame analysis and conversation analysis. The two analyses show how the attorney becomes to stand for the client as a legal figure moulded in a series of interactional moves. By reformulating and reframing the ordinary talk that is introduced as an entry mode into an institutional relationship, the attorney and the client alter their discursive positions until the attorney assumes his professional identity, that is, becomes to stand for the client in legal action.
A Life-World of Altering Meaning: Expressions of the Illness Experience of Dementia in Everyday Life over 3 Years

The aim of this study was to describe the illness experiences of two participants with dementia, as expressed in their everyday lives during 3 years of disease progression. Data were collected at intervals by participant observations and conversational interviews and analyzed via a phenomenological and interpretive method. The findings describe an illness experience characterized by an altering meaning of the concretely present life-world for the participants. This was exhibited by an increasingly existential meaning of the objects and tasks of everyday life, while the perception of the life-world as taken for granted seemed to gradually decrease. Furthermore, participants experienced being threatened by a lack of order and control and uniquely responded to these experiences. Living with the changes and the threat seemed to imply insecurity and doubtful hope, diminishing social contacts, and increasing dependency, but the meaning of the consequences differed between participants. On the basis of the presented structure of the phenomena, a possible way of understanding the illness experience and its meaning in progressively dementing diseases in the occupations of everyday life was exemplified and suggested from a phenomenological point of view.
(Un)Popular Strangers and Crises (Un)Bounded: Discourses of Sex-trafficking, the European Political Community and the Panicked State of the Modern State

While the `trafficking in persons' is a problem that has long plagued the international community, sensationalized media coverage and governmental anti-organized crime initiatives have produced a new set of discursive practices that conflate violent crime against women with complex forms of post-communist gendered migration. These discourses refer to many different forms of exploitation and migration as `trafficking in women for purposes of sexual exploitation'. In other words, they portray all international, often illegal, migration and labour as acts of violated gender and raced innocence and of international organized crime. In this frame, criminalization of all activities related to trafficking appears to be the most logical and effective means of redressing this problem. It simultaneously, however, subjects all East European migrant sex workers to categorizations that defuse what may function as the challenges presented by their sovereign and symbolic boundary transgressions. A focus on crime and violated borders (rather than on the conditions under which women migrate or are forced to work) extends barriers to migration and renders it more dangerous for women while not necessarily hindering movement or assisting the actual victims. Because it emphasizes the role of state-based institutions in fighting international organized crime, criminalization also serves as a means through which practices of `statecraft' work to reiterate the privileged place of the state in IR. As such, discourses of sex-trafficking provide a particularly incisive site at which to examine European integration, immigration, `globalization' and their effects on IR in a gendered and race-cognizant frame.
The Ontogenesis of Social Dominance: A Strategy-Based Evolutionary Perspective

Abstract Social dominance results when members of a social group vary in their ability to acquire resources in the presence of others (i.e., compete). Traditional approaches to social dominance often emphasize coercive behavior, but nonetheless suggest that dominant individuals are socially central (e.g., watched, attractive social partners). These patterns, however, apply to humans only up to a certain age. This apparent discontinuity may give the false impression that social dominance is less relevant to human social organization than it is to animal social organization. This paper reintroduces the ethological concept of social dominance, but reinterprets it from a strategy-based perspective. That is, if social dominance is defined as differential ability to control resources—without reference to how this is done—then children evidently employ different strategies to compete with peers (e.g., coercive and prosocial). Furthermore, the type of strategy children employ and peers' responses to it depend largely on the ages of the children. By adopting a strategy-based approach to social dominance and explicitly incorporating developmental processes and uniquely human capacities, human social dominance patterns appear to be more similar to primate patterns than commonly believed. Implications for social competence, peer relationships, and the development of the self are discussed.
Quality of patient record keeping: an indicator of the quality of care?

Background Patient record review of hospitalised patients is by far the most applied method to assess adverse events (AEs) in hospitals. The diligence with which information is recorded may influence the visibility of AEs. On the other hand, poor quality of the information in patient records may be a cause or a consequence of poor quality of care and may thus be associated with higher rates of AEs. The objective of this study was to assess the relation between the quality of patient records and the occurrence of AEs. Methods In this study, 7926 hospital admissions of 21 Dutch hospitals were analysed with a structured record review method. The occurrence of AEs, the presence of patient information and the quality of the present information (completeness, readability and adequacy) were assessed. Their association was analysed using multilevel logistic regression analyses. Results The absence of record components was associated with lower rates of AEs, suggesting that missing record components lead to an underassessment of AEs in record-review studies. In contrast, poor quality of the information present in patient records was associated with higher rates of AEs, implying that the quality of the present patient information is a predictor of the quality of care. Conclusions Evidence-based standards and a (electronic) format for record keeping are necessary for standardisation of recording patient information. This will improve the completeness, readability, accessibility, accuracy and exchange of patient information between healthcare providers and institutions. Better registration of patient information will benefit the quality of the healthcare process and will reduce the risk of AEs.
L'acquisition du sens des marqueurs de relation spatiale « devant » et « derrière »

Resume ; Les caracteristiques que revetent au cours du developpement la comprehension et la production des marqueurs de relations spatiales devant et derriere ont ete etudiees sur la base de deux tâches, proposees a 192 enfants de 3 a 10 ans, ainsi qu'a un groupe controle de 50 adultes. Lors de la premiere tâche — comprehension —, les enfants sont invites a placer des jouets conformement a des instructions devant et derriere d'autres jouets, formulees par l'experimentateur. La seconde tâche — production — implique la description de diverses configurations spatiales realisees avec des jouets par l'experimentateur. Les resultats montrent que si la comprehension des deux lexemes est precoce, la maitrise du sens que leur conferent les adultes (production) s'opere par ajustements progressifs a partir de significations particulieres qui refletent le developpement cognitif des notions correspondantes.
Bacterial endocarditis complicating mitral annular calcification: a clinical and echocardiographic study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Although described in a number of necropsy studies, endocarditis on mitral annular calcification (MAC) has rarely been reported during life. The study aim was to assess the frequency and specific features of bacterial endocarditis complicating MAC. METHODS Data relating to 62 cases of infective endocarditis of the native mitral valve diagnosed with multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) over a five-year period were collected prospectively. RESULTS Among 62 patients, 15 (24%) had vegetations originating from a calcified mitral annulus (group 1), while 47 had classic leaflet endocarditis (group 2). Group 1 patients differed significantly from group 2 patients with regard to: (i) higher incidence of diabetes mellitus and cancers; (ii) initial clinical presentation, with febrile coma or meningoencephalitis in 53% of cases; (iii) echocardiographic features, with significantly greater vegetations, presence of calcium-dense echoes within the vegetation, high frequency of ring abscess, and high frequency of para-annular ventriculoatrial leakage; and (iv) poorer clinical outcome, with 53% in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION MAC appears to be an underestimated predisposing factor for a particularly severe type of bacterial endocarditis. The use of multiplane TEE should improve current knowledge of this disease.
Retention of a model pathogen in a porous media biofilm

The inadvertent or the deliberate introduction of pathogens into drinking water can lead to public health consequences. Distribution system sampling strategies are needed to provide information on the identity, source and fate of the introduced pathogens. Porous media biofilm reactors conditioned with undefined drinking water biofilms were tested for their ability to immobilize Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Biofilms were established by applying continuous flow of biologically activated carbon treated water with natural microflora and supplemented nutrient solution (0.5 mg l−1 C) for 2 or 3 weeks. Control reactors were clean and were not colonized with biofilm. All reactors were injected with slug doses of ∼1 × 109 cfu E. coli O157:H7. On the basis of the plate count enumeration of the introduced pathogen, reactors pre-colonized for 2 or 3 weeks retained significantly more cells (0.75 and 9.37% of the introduced spike dose, respectively) compared with uncolonized control reactors (0.22%). Compared with cultivation, microscopic direct counts and quantitative PCR suggested significantly higher and lower numbers of pathogens, respectively. Plate counts were thus considered as the method of choice for pathogen enumeration in this study. In addition to providing general insights into interactions between pathogens and drinking water biofilms, the study concluded that engineered biofilm systems may be considered as a device to capture pathogens from the bulk flow for monitoring purposes.
Talk of change: Temporal contrasts and collective identities

While temporality is generally acknowledged as a critical ingredient in processes of identity formation, studies of identity talk usually assume collective identity is essentially about establishing or facilitating a sense of temporal self-continuity. These studies do not detail how organizational actors might recast their identity narratives and reflectively put together stories about a changing or changed identity. The ethnographic research presented in this article reports how the editors of a Dutch national newspaper constructed their newspaper’s identity in temporal discontinuity talk, discursively constructing a contrast between the ‘old’ and the ‘new’, between legacies from a common past and plans for the future. As the organizational identity literature is primarily focused on talk of temporal continuities, I draw on studies of organizational change and nostalgic and ‘postalgic’ narratives in order to develop an understanding of the temporal dimension of collective identity talk that does not rule out, but incorporates, discontinuity and change.
Applying Physics-Based Scoring to Calculate Free Energies of Binding for Single Amino Acid Mutations in Protein-Protein Complexes

Predicting changes in protein binding affinity due to single amino acid mutations helps us better understand the driving forces underlying protein-protein interactions and design improved biotherapeutics. Here, we use the MM-GBSA approach with the OPLS2005 force field and the VSGB2.0 solvent model to calculate differences in binding free energy between wild type and mutant proteins. Crucially, we made no changes to the scoring model as part of this work on protein-protein binding affinity—the energy model has been developed for structure prediction and has previously been validated only for calculating the energetics of small molecule binding. Here, we compare predictions to experimental data for a set of 418 single residue mutations in 21 targets and find that the MM-GBSA model, on average, performs well at scoring these single protein residue mutations. Correlation between the predicted and experimental change in binding affinity is statistically significant and the model performs well at picking “hotspots,” or mutations that change binding affinity by more than 1 kcal/mol. The promising performance of this physics-based method with no tuned parameters for predicting binding energies suggests that it can be transferred to other protein engineering problems.
Value in a multiple perspective view of sports sponsorship

It is widely recognised that many sports organisations rely heavily on income from corporate sponsorship. This paper selectively discusses the literature examining sponsorship, following the approach of Lynall et al. (2003). The paper adopts a meta-framework that encompasses multiple framing to develop complementary views and multiple theoretical perspectives of the nature of sponsorship. Using a major New Zealand sports event as an illustration, we suggest that insights about the nature of sponsorship can be better understood through the mutually informing use of multiple frames as methodology and the development of mutually informing insights arising from different perspectives. A future research agenda is also proposed.
Rate of Healthcare Worker–Patient Interaction and Hand Hygiene Opportunities in an Acute Care Setting

Objective. Identify factors affecting the rate of hand hygiene opportunities in an acute care hospital. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Medical and surgical in-patient units, medical-surgical intensive care unit (MSICU), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and emergency department (ED) of an academic acute care hospital from May to August, 2012. Participants. Healthcare workers. Methods. One-hour patient-based observations measured patient interactions and hand hygiene opportunities as defined by the “Four Moments for Hand Hygiene. ” Rates of patient interactions and hand hygiene opportunities per patient-hour were calculated, examining variation by room type, healthcare worker type, and time of day. Results. During 257 hours of observation, 948 healthcare worker-patient interactions and 1,605 hand hygiene opportunities were identified. Moments 1, 2, 3, and 4 comprised 42%, 10%, 9%, and 39% of hand hygiene opportunities. Nurses contributed 77% of opportunities, physicians contributed 8%, other healthcare workers contributed 11%, and housekeeping contributed 4%. The mean rate of hand hygiene opportunities per patient-hour was 4.2 for surgical units, 4.5 for medical units, 5.2 for ED, 10.4 for NICU, and 13.2 for MSICU (P < .001). In non-ICU settings, rates of hand hygiene opportunities decreased over the course of the day. Patients with transmission-based precautions had approximately half as many interactions (rate ratio [RR], 0.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37-0.80]) and hand hygiene opportunities per hour (RR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.29-0.77]) as did patients without precautions. Conclusions. Measuring hand hygiene opportunities across clinical settings lays the groundwork for product use-based hand hygiene measurement. Additional work is needed to assess factors affecting rates in other hospitals and health care settings.
Subspace Segmentation by Successive Approximations: A Method for Low-Rank and High-Rank Data with Missing Entries

We propose a method to reconstruct and cluster incomplete high-dimensional data lying in a union of low-dimensional subspaces. Exploring the sparse representation model, we jointly estimate the missing data while imposing the intrinsic subspace structure. Since we have a non-convex problem, we propose an iterative method to reconstruct the data and provide a sparse similarity affinity matrix. This method is robust to initialization and achieves greater reconstruction accuracy than current methods, which dramatically improves clustering performance. Extensive experiments with synthetic and real data show that our approach leads to significant improvements in the reconstruction and segmentation, outperforming current state of the art for both low and high-rank data.
Incidence and risk factors of atrial fibrillation in Asian COPD patients

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Asian chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Patients and methods We selected a study population older than 40 years with a COPD diagnosis and who had used at least one inhaled bronchodilator medication between 1998 and 2012. The date of the index COPD diagnosis was defined as the index date. We excluded patients with a history of AF, significant mitral valve disease, disorders of the thyroid gland, or ischemic heart disease before the index date. We followed all patients from the index date to the day of AF occurrence, the day of death, or the date of December 31, 2013. The baseline of comorbidities was identified before the index date. Comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, congenital heart failure, stroke, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and malignancy. Results We included 6,208 COPD patients and 12,409 patients without COPD. The incidence of AF was higher in COPD patients than in those without COPD. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for AF among those with COPD was 2.23 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.98–2.51 compared to those without COPD. After multiple analyses, patients with hypertension (HR 1.43 [95% CI =1.26–1.62]) or heart failure (HR 2.36 [95% CI =1.81–3.08]) were found to have a significantly higher incidence of AF than those without these conditions. Conclusion It is important for physicians to monitor, prevent, and provide early intervention for AF in COPD patients with hypertension or heart failure.
Effects of Training Programs for University Teaching Assistants: A Review of Empirical Research.

As the adequacy of training for college teachers has been criticized more and more widely during the past fifteen or twenty years, countless pre-service orientation programs, in-service workshops, seminars, apprenticeship programs, intern programs, extern programs, and the like have been developed. During roughly the same period, the recruitment of teaching assistants (TAs) has been extended-for both pedagogical and budgetary reasons-to the undergraduate level; the use of undergraduate TAs may have helped to heighten the presumed need for training as well as to increase the number and diversity of training programs pressed into service. The recent development of TA training programs seems commendable, but it is surprising to note the limited extent of empirical research on the effects of such training. Numerous descriptions of innovative training programs have been published, and a number of catalogs for teacher training materials are available [1, 28, 29, 31, 44]. Yet relatively few empirical studies have included student performance and satisfaction measures to assess the effectiveness of TA training programs. Most published reports either failed to provide evaluative data or merely presented
The Role of Leadership Efficacy and Stereotype Activation in Women's Identification with Leadership

The primary goal of this research was to examine the role of leadership efficacy as a moderator of domain identification responses to the think-leader-think-male stereotype. Manipulating stereotype activation, results from eighty-five female participants indicated that women with high levels of leadership efficacy demonstrated a heightened identification with the leadership domain after exposure to negative stereotypes compared to the control condition (a reactance response); stereotype activation did not significantly alter domain identification in women with lower levels of leadership efficacy. The results are discussed in terms of both their practical implications and their theoretical significance.