Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of the Survival of Motor Neuron Protein Impairs mRNA Localization and Local Translation in the Growth Cone of Motor Neurons

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting spinal motor neurons. It is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, which plays an essential role in the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in all tissues. The etiology of the specific defects in the motor circuitry in SMA is still unclear, but SMN has also been implicated in mediating the axonal localization of mRNA-protein complexes, which may contribute to the axonal degeneration observed in SMA. Here, we report that SMN deficiency severely disrupts local protein synthesis within neuronal growth cones. We also identify the cytoskeleton-associated growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) mRNA as a new target of SMN and show that motor neurons from SMA mouse models have reduced levels of GAP43 mRNA and protein in axons and growth cones. Importantly, overexpression of two mRNA-binding proteins, HuD and IMP1, restores GAP43 mRNA and protein levels in growth cones and rescues axon outgrowth defects in SMA neurons. These findings demonstrate that SMN plays an important role in the localization and local translation of mRNAs with important axonal functions and suggest that disruption of this function may contribute to the axonal defects observed in SMA. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, which plays a key role in assembling RNA/protein complexes that are essential for mRNA splicing. It remains unclear whether defects in this well characterized housekeeping function cause the specific degeneration of spinal motor neurons observed in SMA. Here, we describe an additional role of SMN in regulating the axonal localization and local translation of the mRNA encoding growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43). This study supports a model whereby SMN deficiency impedes transport and local translation of mRNAs important for neurite outgrowth and stabilization, thus contributing to axon degeneration, muscle denervation, and motor neuron cell death in SMA.
Distance and time based node selection for probabilistic coverage in People-Centric Sensing

Aiming to achieve sensing coverage for a given Area of Interest (AoI) in a People-Centric Sensing (PCS) manner, we propose a concept of (α, T)-coverage of the target field where each point in the field is sensed by at least one node with probability of at least α during the time period T. Our goal is to achieve (α, T)-coverage by a minimal set of mobile sensor nodes for a given AoI, coverage ratio α, and time period T. We model pedestrians as mobile sensor nodes moving according to a discrete Markov chain. Based on this model, we propose two algorithms: the inter-location and inter-meeting-time algorithms, to meet a coverage ratio α in time period T. These algorithms estimate the expected coverage of the specified AoI for a set of selected nodes. The inter-location algorithm selects a minimal number of mobile sensor nodes from nodes inside the AoI taking into account the distance between them. The inter-meeting-time selects nodes taking into account the expected meeting time between the nodes. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms for various parameter setting including a realistic scenario on a specific city map. The simulation results show that our algorithms achieve (α, T)-coverage with good accuracy for various values of α, T, and AoI size.
Electrocardiographic signal compression using multiscale recurrent patterns

In this paper, we use the multidimensional multiscale parser (MMP) algorithm, a recently developed universal lossy compression method, to compress data from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The MMP is based on approximate multiscale pattern matching , encoding segments of an input signal using expanded and contracted versions of patterns stored in a dictionary. The dictionary is updated using concatenated and displaced versions of previously encoded segments, therefore MMP builds its own dictionary while the input data is being encoded. The MMP can be easily adapted to compress signals of any number of dimensions, and has been successfully applied to compress two-dimensional (2-D) image data. The quasi-periodic nature of ECG signals makes them suitable for compression using recurrent patterns, like MMP does. However, in order for MMP to be able to efficiently compress ECG signals, several adaptations had to be performed, such as the use of a continuity criterion among segments and the adoption of a prune-join strategy for segmentation. The rate-distortion performance achieved was very good. We show simulation results were MMP performs as well as some of the best encoders in the literature, although at the expense of a high computational complexity.
Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes

http://implicit.harvard. edu/ was created to provide experience with the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a procedure designed to measure social knowledge that may operate outside awareness or control. Significant by-products of the website's existence are large datasets contributed to by the site's many visitors. This article summarises data from more than 2.5 million completed IATs and self-reports across 17 topics obtained between July 2000 and May 2006. In addition to reinforcing several published findings with a heterogeneous sample, the data help to establish that: (a) implicit preferences and stereotypes are pervasive across demographic groups and topics, (b) as with self-report, there is substantial inter-individual variability in implicit attitudes and stereotypes, (c) variations in gender, ethnicity, age, and political orientation predict variation in implicit and explicit measures, and (d) implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes are related, but distinct.
A Role of the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System in Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain (characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia to mechanical and thermal stimuli) causes cellular changes in spinal dorsal horn neurons, some of which parallel those in synaptic plasticity associated with learning. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) appears to play a key role in long-term facilitation inAplysia. The cooperation of UCH with the proteolytic enzyme complex known as the proteasome is required for the degradation of a number of signaling molecules within the cell that may remove normal restraints on synaptic plasticity. We have used electrophysiology, in situ hybridization histochemistry, semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and in vivobehavioral reflex analysis to investigate the ubiquitin–proteasome system in a model of neuropathic pain. In neuropathic animals, ionophoretic application of selective proteasome inhibitors attenuated dorsal horn neuron firing evoked by normally innocuous brush or cold stimuli and by noxious mustard oil stimuli. In control animals, only mustard oil-evoked responses were inhibited. Intrathecal administration of proteasome inhibitors attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia in neuropathic rats. Expression of UCH-L1 (a rat homolog ofAplysia neuronal UCH and of the human UCH-L1, also known as PGP 9.5) and its mRNA were selectively increased within the ipsilateral dorsal horn of neuropathic rats, supporting the idea of a role for the ubiquitin–proteasome system in nociceptive processing. Proteasome inhibitors selectively attenuate allodynic and hyperalgesic responses in neuropathic pain, with some reduction in normal nociceptive, but not non-nociceptive responses, and potentially represent a novel therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain.
ACUTE EPIGLOTTITIS IN AN ADULT

SIR: The contribution of alcohol to the Australian accident scene is well known. In one study,' 25% of people admitted to hospital with road related injuries had detectable blood alcohol levels and in another! 50% of drivers killed had blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) in excess of 0.10 g/100 ml (22 mmol/l). The over-all impression is that alcohol is a causative factor in roughly half of all car fatalities and in a quarter to a third of serious car accidents. "4 e
Sex and Body Mass Index Specific Regulation of Blood Pressure by CYP19A1 Gene Variants

Sexual dimorphism in blood pressure (BP) regulation has been observed both in humans and experimental animals, and estrogens have been shown to contribute to this epidemiological observation. A key enzyme in determining estrogen levels is aromatase cytochrome P450. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the gene encoding aromatase, CYP19A1, as an independent risk factor for hypertension and its relationship with systolic and diastolic BP measures. We genotyped 2 polymorphisms within the CYP19A1 gene, IVS4 rs11575899 and 3′UTR rs10046, in 3448 individuals. In quantitative analysis, we observed significant associations between the 2 polymorphisms and BP values in women, being these associations dependent on BMI and independent of menopause status. The case-control analysis revealed that the most prominent associations were found for nonobese women in diastolic hypertension (DHT): the IVS4_22 and 3′UTR_11 are risk genotypes (OR=1.61, P=0.027 and OR=1.59, P=0.012, respectively), whereas IVS4_11 and 3′UTR_22 genotypes have a protective effect against DHT (OR=0.63, P=0.009, and OR=0.61, P=0.020, respectively). Haplotype analysis confirmed the above associations: among nonobese women the haplotype 21 is overrepresented in hypertensive women (OR=1.33, P=0.004, for DHT and OR=1.25, P=0.026, for systolic hypertension, SHT) and, conversely, the haplotype 12 protects against hypertension (OR=0.78, P=0.015 for DHT and OR=0.82, P=0.04 for SHT). Our study has shown that the CYP19A1 gene may be involved in the genetic regulation of BP in women. This effect is dependent on BMI and independent of menopause status, suggesting that this action is mainly driven by aromatase activity in fat tissue.
Holistic Nursing Care: Theories and Perspectives

Introduction: Holistic medicine and holistic nursing aim at the improvement of healing of the individual as a bio-psycho-social unity, from birth until death. Aim: To search for current data on the value and applications of holistic nursing, placing emphasis on the field of psychiatry. Literature review: International data bases and internet were searched (including Pubmed/Medline). Emphasis was placed on theoretical background, on alternative therapies and on the practical applications of holistic care. Conclusion: Holistic approach takes into account the biological, social and spiritual needs of the patient. A considerable number of alternative therapies can contribute to the management of psychiatric and other diseases.
Validity, Usefulness and Cost of RETeval System for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening

Purpose We studied the validity, usefulness, and relative cost to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening DR (STDR) by using a hand-held electrophysiologic tool compared to digital fundus photography. Method Patients with diabetes attending the screening unit of King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were evaluated by “RETeval”, Amsler grid, and digital dilated fundus photography. Fundus images were evaluated by a retina specialist to determine grade of DR. The sensitivity and specificity of STDR and DR screening compared to photography were calculated, as well as “RETeval” combined with Amsler grid testing. The area under the curve (AUC) of “RETeval” screening outcome was calculated. Result We analyzed data of 400 diabetic patients. The prevalence of DR of any grade was 48.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.9–53.7) while the prevalence of STDR was 27% (95% CI, 22.6–31.4). The outcome of RETeval test was “fail” (based on 20 μV or more amplitude of electrophysiologic spikes) in 351 (87.8%; 95% CI, 84.5–91.0) eyes. The sensitivity of the device was 95.4% and the specificity was 17.5%. Thus, the sensitivity of sequential testing with RETeval and Amsler grid test was 30.1% and the specificity was 80.1%. The AUCs for STDR and DR in general were 76.6% and 50.6%, respectively. Conclusions “RETeval” is a rapid screening device with excellent sensitivity for detecting STDR. It has potential as a first level screening tool to detect patients who require further evaluation. Translational Relevance Retinal function, such as electrophysiology, can be used as a new concept for screening for DR.
Myocardial oxygenation during high work states in hearts with postinfarction remodeling.

BACKGROUND Postinfarction left ventricular remodeling (LVR) is associated with reductions in myocardial high-energy phosphate (HEP) levels, which are more severe in animals that develop overt congestive heart failure (CHF). During high work states, further HEP loss occurs, which suggests demand-induced ischemia. This study tested the hypothesis that inadequate myocyte oxygen availability is the basis for these HEP abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial infarction was produced by left circumflex coronary artery ligation in swine. Studies were performed in 20 normal animals, 14 animals with compensated LVR, and 9 animals with CHF. Phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP was determined with 31P NMR and deoxymyoglobin (Mb-delta) with 1H NMR in myocardium remote from the infarct. Basal PCr/ATP tended to be decreased in postinfarct hearts, and this was significant in animals with CHF. Infusion of dobutamine (20 microg x kg-1 x min-1 IV) caused doubling of the rate-pressure product in both normal and LVR hearts and resulted in comparable significant decreases of PCr/ATP in both groups. This decrease in PCr/ATP was not associated with detectable Mb-delta. In CHF hearts, rate-pressure product increased only 40% in response to dobutamine; this attenuated response also was not associated with detectable Mb-delta. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the decrease of PCr/ATP during dobutamine infusion is not the result of insufficient myocardial oxygen availability. Furthermore, in CHF hearts, the low basal PCr/ATP and the attenuated response to dobutamine occurred in the absence of myocardial hypoxia, indicating that the HEP and contractile abnormalities were not the result of insufficient oxygen availability.
Collagenolytic Activity of Bacteria

Actively growing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were screened by a plate assay, with reconstituted guinea pig collagen as a substrate, for their ability to produce a collagenolytic factor. Collagenolytic activity was not demonstrated among the aerobic organisms tested, with the exception of one strain of Staphylococcus aureus (only when grown under anaerobic conditions). Collagenolytic activity, however, was detected in cultures of Clostridium tetani and Bacteroides species other than B. melaninogenicus. Collagenolytic activity of these organisms could be confirmed by measuring the amount of hydroxyproline liberated from the collagen gel during growth. Although collagenase production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been suggested in previous reports, our results were negative. An extracellular fraction of P. aeruginosa was able to hydrolyze a synthetic hexapeptide Cbz-glycyl-l-prolyl-glycyl-glycyl-l-prolyl-l- alanine, but was without detectable effect on reconstituted collagen.
Analysis of image transfer mechanisms in a RESTful API client-server architecture and its application to lane detection

This study investigates the effect of image rescaling and format changing hosted in a RESTful API architecture considering transfer time as a critical factor to apply lane detection on a external server. We employ Probabilistic Hough Transform to perform the detection because it is invariant to pixel position and robust to noise. Before being trasmitted to the external server, images are rescaled and their formats are changed, this way lane detection on the images can be performed faster than working with the original images. From the image formats used in the experiments, the JPG or JPEG yields the best results. When performing the rescaling and format change, transmission and processing time is halved.
NOTES ON THE RECORD OF GOBLIN SHARK (Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan, 1898) FROM INDONESIA

A goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni,was captured by deepwater shark longline targeting squaloid sharks off Palabuhanratu, West Java, Indonesia at about 200 m depth. Morphological measurements were taken and compared to other records from Australia, New Zealand and Japan. This new recordfrom Indonesian waters extends the distribution of this species in the Indian Ocean.
Decentralized User Modeling with UserML and GUMO

We present a new architecture for decentralized user modeling and briefly discuss the user model markup language USERML, the general user model ontology GUMO for the uniform interpretation of decentralized user models, and the integration of ubiquitous applications with the u2m.org user model service. The motivation is that ubiquitous evaluation of user behavior with a variety of systems in the web or the physical world might lead to attractive new services. 1 Approach and Architecture We developed the RDF-based user model exchange language UserML to enable decentralized systems to communicate over user models. The idea is to spread the information among all adaptive systems, either with a mobile device or via ubiquitous networks. UserML statements can be arranged and stored in distributed repositories in XML, RDF or SQL. Each mobile and stationary device has an own repository of situational statements, either local or global, dependent on the network accessability. A mobile device can perfectly be integrated via wireless lan or bluetooth into the intelligent environment, while a stationary device could be isolated without network access. The different applications or agents produce or use UserML statements Fig. 1. The syntax-semantics interplay between USERML and GUMO to represent the user model information. UserML forms the syntactic description in the knowledge exchange process, see figure 1. Each concept like the user model auxiliary 62 Dominik Heckmann et al. hasProperty and the user model dimension timePressure points to a semantical definition of this concept which is either defined in the general user model ontology GUMO, the UbisWorld ontology, which is specialized for ubiquitous computing, or the general SUMO/MILO ontology, see [1]. The merging of partial, decentralized user models is realized by combining the different user model repositories, while the inferential integration is done by filters and conflict resolution strategies as shown in figure 2(b). Figure 2(a) and figure 2(c) show the upward and downward inference from repositories or journals to the user model and vice versa.
Forced Convection Over Flat and Curved Isothermal Surfaces with Unheated Starting Length

FORCED CONVECTION OVER FLAT AND CURVED ISOTHERMAL SURFACES WITH UNHEATED STARTING LENGTH Name: Roland, Jason H. University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Markus Peer Rumpfkeil The utilization of fuel as a heat sink can allow the design of higher performance aircraft that may normally be limited by heat loads. An energy model for the cross section of a wing with an internal fuel tank in flight is developed for determining its potential use as a heat sink in the conceptual design phase. The computations are aimed at being based more on physical dependencies than empirical correlations. The conservation of energy equation is solved separately using prior calculated information from the conservation of mass and momentum equations. The energy analysis is conducted using a series of control volumes around the airfoil surface with an integral method which can utilize various temperature profiles to model the thermal boundary layer. An unheated starting length followed by an isothermal surface approximates the heated fuel tank as a surface boundary condition. The performance of explicit and implicit methods for solving the resulting set of energy equations is compared with the implicit method proving to function more desirably. The implemented method is verified through analyzing the effects of refining the discretization along the surface as well as normal to it. Also, a flat plate analysis is compared to NACA 0001 airfoil results to demonstrate that XFOIL is coupled correctly with the program to enable computing flow iii information over arbitrary airfoils. Results of the developed method are compared to empirical correlations for validation purposes involving turbulent flow test cases over NACA 0001, NACA 0007, and NACA 0015 airfoils. The calculations are first conducted for a completely isothermal surface and then for an unheated starting length to isothermal surface. Four temperature profiles are initially considered, but are narrowed down to two profiles for the majority of the results. When modeling a fuel tank as a heat source using an unheated starting length to isothermal surface boundary condition, the results show reasonable agreement with empirical correlations and thus the proposed method could be used for conceptual design purposes.
Online learning of patch perspective rectification for efficient object detection

For a large class of applications, there is time to train the system. In this paper, we propose a learning-based approach to patch perspective rectification, and show that it is both faster and more reliable than state-of-the-art ad hoc affine region detection methods. Our method performs in three steps. First, a classifier provides for every keypoint not only its identity, but also a first estimate of its transformation. This estimate allows carrying out, in the second step, an accurate perspective rectification using linear predictors. We show that both the classifier and the linear predictors can be trained online, which makes the approach convenient. The last step is a fast verification - made possible by the accurate perspective rectification - of the patch identity and its sub-pixel precision position estimation. We test our approach on real-time 3D object detection and tracking applications. We show that we can use the estimated perspective rectifications to determine the object pose and as a result, we need much fewer correspondences to obtain a precise pose estimation.
Isoleucine 309 acts as a C4 catalytic switch that increases ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) carboxylation rate in Flaveria

Improving global yields of important agricultural crops is a complex challenge. Enhancing yield and resource use by engineering improvements to photosynthetic carbon assimilation is one potential solution. During the last 40 million years C4 photosynthesis has evolved multiple times, enabling plants to evade the catalytic inadequacies of the CO2-fixing enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). Compared with their C3 ancestors, C4 plants combine a faster rubisco with a biochemical CO2-concentrating mechanism, enabling more efficient use of water and nitrogen and enhanced yield. Here we show the versatility of plastome manipulation in tobacco for identifying sequences in C4-rubisco that can be transplanted into C3-rubisco to improve carboxylation rate (VC). Using transplastomic tobacco lines expressing native and mutated rubisco large subunits (L-subunits) from Flaveria pringlei (C3), Flaveria floridana (C3-C4), and Flaveria bidentis (C4), we reveal that Met-309-Ile substitutions in the L-subunit act as a catalytic switch between C4 (309Ile; faster VC, lower CO2 affinity) and C3 (309Met; slower VC, higher CO2 affinity) catalysis. Application of this transplastomic system permits further identification of other structural solutions selected by nature that can increase rubisco VC in C3 crops. Coengineering a catalytically faster C3 rubisco and a CO2-concentrating mechanism within C3 crop species could enhance their efficiency in resource use and yield.