Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An AnkyrinG-Binding Motif Is Necessary and Sufficient for Targeting Nav1.6 Sodium Channels to Axon Initial Segments and Nodes of Ranvier

Neurons are highly polarized cells with functionally distinct axonal and somatodendritic compartments. Voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 are highly enriched at axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier, where they are necessary for generation and propagation of action potentials. Previous studies using reporter proteins in unmyelinated cultured neurons suggest that an ankyrinG-binding motif within intracellular loop 2 (L2) of sodium channels is sufficient for targeting these channels to the AIS, but mechanisms of channel targeting to nodes remain poorly understood. Using a CD4-Nav1.2/L2 reporter protein in rat dorsal root ganglion neuron–Schwann cell myelinating cocultures, we show that the ankyrinG-binding motif is sufficient for protein targeting to nodes of Ranvier. However, reporter proteins cannot capture the complexity of full-length channels. To determine how native, full-length sodium channels are clustered in axons, and to show the feasibility of studying these channels in vivo, we constructed fluorescently tagged and functional mouse Nav1.6 channels for in vivo analysis using in utero brain electroporation. We show here that wild-type tagged-Nav1.6 channels are efficiently clustered at nodes and AISs in vivo. Furthermore, we show that mutation of a single invariant glutamic acid residue (E1100) within the ankyrinG-binding motif blocked Nav1.6 targeting in neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we show that caseine kinase phosphorylation sites within this motif, while not essential for targeting, can modulate clustering at the AIS. Thus, the ankyrinG-binding motif is both necessary and sufficient for the clustering of sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier and the AIS.
Human resource management practices and workers' job satisfaction

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and workers' overall job satisfaction and their satisfaction with pay. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses British data from two different cross-sectional datasets. It estimates probit models with overall job satisfaction and satisfaction with pay as subjective dependent variables. Findings - After controlling for personal, job and firm characteristics, it is found that several HRM practices raise workers' overall job satisfaction and their satisfaction with pay. However, these effects are only significant for non-union members. Satisfaction with pay is higher where performance-related pay and seniority-based reward systems are in place. A pay structure that is perceived to be unequal is associated with a substantial reduction in both non-union members' overall job satisfaction and their satisfaction with pay. Although HRM practices can raise workers' job satisfaction, if workplace pay inequality widens as a consequence then non-union members may experience reduced job satisfaction. Research limitations/implications - The data sets used in the analysis are cross-sectional, presenting a snapshot of impacts of HRM practices on job satisfaction at a particular point in time. Dynamic effects are therefore not captured. Originality/value - The paper adds to the empirical literature on effects of HRM practices, focussing on impacts on both overall job satisfaction and satisfaction with pay. A novel feature of the paper is the use of two separate data sets to develop complementary empirical results.
Farm-Level Effects of Adopting Herbicide-Tolerant Soybeans in the U.S.A.

Abstract This paper estimates the on-farm impacts of adopting herbicide-tolerant soybean on herbicide use, yields, and farm profits, using an econometric model that corrects for self-selection and simultaneity and is consistent with profit maximization. The model is estimated using nationwide farm-level survey data for 1997. Given that the use of herbicide-tolerant soybeans involves the substitution of a particular herbicide—primarily glyphosate—for other herbicides, we explicitly consider this substitution process in the model.
Effectiveness of school-based occupational therapy intervention on handwriting.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of school-based occupational therapy services on students' handwriting. METHOD Students 7 to 10 years of age with poor handwriting legibility who received direct occupational therapy services (n = 29) were compared with students who did not receive services (n = 9) on handwriting legibility and speed and associated performance components. Visual-motor, visual-perception, in-hand manipulation, and handwriting legibility and speed were measured at the beginning and end of the academic year. The intervention group received a mean of 16.4 sessions and 528 min of direct occupational therapy services during the school year. According to the therapists, visual-motor skills and handwriting practice were emphasized most in intervention. RESULTS Students in the intervention group showed significant increases in in-hand manipulation and position in space scores. They also improved more in handwriting legibility scores than the students in the comparison group. Fifteen students in the intervention group demonstrated greater than 90% legibility at the end of the school year. On average, legibility increased by 14.2% in the students who received services and by 5.8% in the students who did not receive services. Speed increased slightly more in the students who did not receive services. CONCLUSION Students who received occupational therapy services demonstrated improved letter legibility, but speed and numeral legibility did not demonstrate positive intervention effects.
South-South Trade In Goods

The empirical analysis presented in this paper indicates that trade between developing countries (South-South trade) offers a wide scope for specialisation and efficiency gains. The first part of the paper takes an ex-post perspective and employs the gravity methodology to contribute to understanding past trends in world goods trade with a special focus on South-South trade. Analysis shows that far from experiencing a ? death of distance? , South-South trade is still severely.
TechScreen : Mining Competencies in Social Software

This paper describes an approach to mine for competencies of users’ in a social software system. The system supports knowledge sharing in a structured way supported by social tagging and an ontology. This meta-data is used to find relevant knowledge sources, cluster these resources and to recommend certain resources to users. Our research assumption is, that if a user enters knowledge about a certain domain, s/he is in a certain degree competent in this area. In our experiment we generate competence profiles of users and compare it with a competence profile obtained by a self-assessment of users. In this paper we describe the performed experiments at the university where students and university staff use the system to share knowledge.
Temporal Evolution of Mortality Indicators

Abstract In Spain, as in other developed countries, significant changes in mortality patterns have occurred during the 20th and 21st centuries. One reflection of these changes is life expectancy, which has improved in this period, although the robustness of this indicator prevents these changes from being of the same order as those for the probability of death. If, moreover, we bear in mind that life expectancy offers no information as to whether this improvement is the same for different age groups, it is important and necessary to turn to other mortality indicators whose past and future evolution in Spain we are going to study. These indicators are applied to Spanish mortality data for the period 1981–2008, for the age range 0–99. To study its future evolution, the mortality ratios have to be projected using an adequate methodology, namely, the Lee-Carter model. Confidence intervals for these predictions can be calculated using the methodology that Lee and Carter apply in their original article for expected lifetime confidence intervals, but they take into account only the error in the prediction of the mortality index obtained from the ARIMA model adjusted to its temporal series, excluding other sources of error such as that introduced by estimations of the other parameters in the model. That is why bootstrap procedures are preferred, permitting the combination of all sources of uncertainty.
The Trouble with Government

In the past 30 years, Americans have lost faith in their government and the politicians who lead it. They have blamed Washington for a long list of problems, ranging from poor schools to costly medical care to high rates of violent crime. After investigating these complaints and determining many are justified, Derek Bok seeks to determine the main reasons for the failings and frustrations associated with government. Discounting three common explanations-deteriorating leadership, the effect of the media on the political process, and the influence of interest groups - Bok identifies four weaknesses that particularly need explaining: a persistent tendency by Congress to design programs poorly; to impose expensive and often quixotic regulations that produce only modest results; to do less than other leading democracies to protect working people from illness, unemployment, and other basic hazards of life; and to leave large numbers of people, especially children, living in poverty. Bok goes on to explore the reasons for these fundamental weaknesses and to discuss popular remedies such as term limits, devolution, "reinventing" government, and campaign finance reform. While some of these proposals have merit, Bok finds a deeper, more troubling paradox: Americans want to gain more power over their government, but are devoting less time to exerting a constructive influence. Their dissatisfaction with government is growing as their participation in the political process is declining. These contradictory trends, Bok argues, contribute to the problems of Americans' democracy. Fortunately, there are many concrete steps that Americans can take to be politically engaged and to help their government improve its performance.
Can Zakat System Alleviate Rural Poverty in Bangladesh? A Propensity Score Matching Approach

The Masjid Council for Community Advancement provided zakat funds (compulsory alms giving) and training facilities to very poor people in Bangladesh through the Hasana project to improve their living standard. The prime objective of the study was to assess the impact of zakat funds on household income and expenditure. Propensity score matching technique was used to assess the impact of the Hasana project on the households who received zakat. This study shows that income and expenditure of the zakat-receiving households increased due to project intervention.
A Performance Comparison of Network Simulators for Wireless Networks

Network simulation is the most useful and common methodology used to evaluate different network to-pologies without real world implementation. Network simulators are widely used by the research community to evaluate new theories and hypotheses. There are a number of network simulators, for instance, ns-2, ns-3, OMNET++, SWAN, OPNET, Jist, and GloMoSiM etc. Therefore, the selection of a network simulator for evaluating research work is a crucial task for researchers. The main focus of this paper is to compare the state-of-the-art, open source network simulators based on the following parameters: CPU utilization, memory usage, computational time, and scalability by simulating a MANET routing protocol, to identify an optimal network simulator for the research community.
The Role of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (DLBCL) accounting for approximately 30% of new lymphoma diagnoses in adult patients. Complete remissions (CRs) can be achieved in 45% to 55% of patients and cure in approximately 30–35% with anthracycline-containing combination chemotherapy. The ageadjusted IPI (aaIPI) has been widely employed, particularly to “tailor” more intensive therapy such as high-dose therapy (HDT) with autologous hemopoietic stem cell rescue (ASCT). IPI, however, has failed to reliably predict response to specific therapies. A subgroup of young patients with poor prognosis exists. To clarify the role of HDT/ASCT combined with rituximab in the front line therapy a longer follow-up and randomized studies are needed. The benefit of HDT/ASCT for refractory or relapsed DLBCL is restricted to patients with immunochemosensitive disease. Currently, clinical and biological research is focused to improve the curability of this setting of patients, mainly young.
0 Ju n 20 03 Curvature Estimates in Asymptotically Flat Lorentzian Manifolds

We consider an asymptotically flat Lorentzian manifold of dimension (1, 3). An inequality is derived which bounds the Riemannian curvature tensor in terms of the ADM energy in the general case with second fundamental form. The inequality quantifies in which sense the Lorentzian manifold becomes flat in the limit when the ADM energy tends to zero.
Bounds on performance of UWB TOA estimation using finite resolution quantization

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technology offers an accurate ranging ability by exploiting the time of arrival (TOA) information of the narrow pulse. However, capturing this sub-nanosecond (ns) width pulse in dense multipath environment requires expensive and power-hungry high performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and complex digital signal processing. To reduce the complexity, a finite resolution (FR) receiver that limits quantization to only a few bits has been proposed recently. In this paper, we develop the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), as a guidance to evaluate the FR quantization influence on IR-UWB TOA estimation. Firstly we define the quantization efficiency and prove that a 2-bit (4-level) quantization is good enough for TOA estimation because it can reach 88% efficiency as a full resolution method. Subsequently, overlapping coefficient is defined to quantify the performance degradation caused by overlapping between the first path and the following multipaths. Finally, we introduce a sub-optimum but more practical FR quantization scheme whose performance asymptotically converges to optimum as the signal to noise ratio (SNR) decreases. FR quantization scheme is demonstrated to achieve a much higher feasibility while holding an acceptable accuracy loss.
Indium Phosphide MEMS Cantilever Resonator Sensors Utilizing a Pentacene Absorption Layer

We report a microelectromechanical system cantilever waveguide resonator sensing platform utilizing a novel optical readout scheme and the organic semiconductor pentacene as a surface absorbing layer. In this paper, the measurement of isopropyl alcohol and ethanol vapors by way of mass induced frequency shift using a cantilever microbalance is demonstrated. Vapor was introduced to the system through a custom built environmental chamber. A frequency shift due to a mass absorption of 65 Hz was measured, corresponding to a measurement of 6.92 ±1.1 ×10-14 g with a minimum detectable mass of 5.09 ×10-15 g for the devices presented. The pentacene absorbing layer in this paper shows it for the first time, functioning as a mass absorbing layer. These results are also the first demonstration of repeatable mass sensing performed using the integrated indium phosphide cantilever waveguide sensor platform.
Exchange Rate Variability Inside and Outside the EMU

An often heard view is that exchange rate variability will decrease for a country that joins the EMU. This is not necessarily true. Both real and nominal exchange rate variability increase under certain circumstances when asymmetric demand shocks occur inside or outside the union. These results are obtained theoretically within a standard international macro-model but they also remain valid in a numerical simulation of this model.
Price and quantity adjustments in the Austrian labour market

Austria is among the very few countries in the European Union which have managed to maintain comparatively low unemployment rates and high employment rates. This study looks at the price and quantity adjustment mechanisms in the Austrian labour market which may have contributed to this favourable outcome. After reviewing briefly the basic theoretical reasoning an empirical investigation is began into gross flow dynamics in the labour market and the cyclical volatility of employment and unemployment in Austria. In international comparison Austrian unemployment is very stable over the business cycle. This is due mainly to the high sensitivity of the labour force on cyclical conditions and, partly, also on the relatively weak responsiveness of employment to cyclical fluctuations in output, the latter being possibly attributable to the high degree of real wage flexibility in Austria. The study proceeds to show that the long-run elasticity of wages with respect to unemployment is indeed quite high in Austria. However, evidence was also found for outsider effects in the Austrian wage setting process. Relative wage structures, on the other hand, appear to be rather rigid.
The binary fraction of extreme horizontal branch stars

We have used precise radial velocity measurements of subdwarf-B stars from the Palomar–Green catalogue to look for binary extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars. We have determined the effective temperature, surface gravity and surface helium abundance for 20 of the targets from new or existing blue spectra and have compiled published values for these quantities for all but one other. We identify 36 EHB stars in our sample and find that at least 21 of these stars are binaries. All but one or two of these are new identifications. The minimum binary fraction for EHB stars implied by our survey is 60±8 per cent. Our survey is sensitive to binaries with orbital periods P≲10 d. For reasonable assumptions concerning the period distribution and the mass ratio distribution of the binaries, we find that the mean detection efficiency of our survey over this range of orbital periods is 87 per cent. Allowing for this estimated detection efficiency, the fraction of EHB stars that are short-period binaries (0.03 d≲P≲10 d) is 69±9 per cent. The value is not strongly dependent on the period distribution below P≈10 d or the mean companion mass for these short-period binaries. The orbital separation of the stars in these binaries is much less than the size of the red giant from which the EHB star has formed. This is strong evidence that binary star evolution is fundamental to the formation of the majority of EHB stars. If there are also binary EHB stars, the orbital periods of which are ≳10 d, the fraction of EHB stars for which evolution was affected by the presence of a companion may be much higher, e.g. if one third of EHB stars are binaries with orbital periods 10 d≲P≲100 d, then our observations are consistent with all EHB stars being formed through some type of binary star evolution. We find that five of the other stars we observed are likely to be post-EHB stars, one of which is also a binary.
A Measurement of the Hubble Constant from the X-Ray Properties and the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect of CL 0016+16

A value of the Hubble constant has been determined from a comparison of the X-ray properties and Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect of the distant rich cluster of galaxies CL 0016+16. The cluster, as imaged by the ROSAT PSPC, is significantly elliptical, and we present the techniques we have developed to include this in our analysis. Assuming a smooth, isothermal gas distribution, we obtain a value H0=47+ 23−15 km s-1 Mpc-1, where the errors include systematic and random uncertainties but are purely observational. Systematic errors in deprojecting the elliptical surface brightness distribution due to prolate and oblate geometries as well as arbitrary inclination angles, introduce an additional fractional error of ±17% in H0. At the redshift of CL 0016+16 (z = 0.5455) the effect of the cosmological parameters on the derived H0 value is of order 10%-20%; we quote results for q0 = 0.1. Combining this result with X-ray/SZ effect H0 determinations from seven other clusters and taking account of systematic uncertainties in our models for the cluster atmosphere, we find an ensemble value of H0 = 42-61 km s-1 Mpc-1 with an additional random error of ±16%.
What Determines Foreign Direct Investment In Developing Countries?: A Panel Data Analysis

This study examines that why developing countries attract different amount of direct investment. Thus, the paper considers many different factors, such as economic, politic, and socio-cultural factors. The paper firstly uses Levin, Lin and Chu (2002) tests in order to if series have unit roots or not. The study takes into account of the period of 1996-2006 and 26 developing countries by using panel study and uses nine different independent variables. These are: Real GDP growth, current account deficit, inflation, openness, labor productivity, economic freedom, political right, corruption, economic integration. The study concludes that these variables affect foreign direct investment for developing countries.
Orchestration of Angiogenesis by Immune Cells

It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment (TUMIC) plays a major role in cancer and is indispensable for tumor progression. The TUMIC involves many “players” going well beyond the malignant-transformed cells, including stromal, immune, and endothelial cells (ECs). The non-malignant cells can acquire tumor-promoting functions during carcinogenesis. In particular, these cells can “orchestrate” the “symphony” of the angiogenic switch, permitting the creation of new blood vessels that allows rapid expansion and progression toward malignancy. Considerable attention within the context of tumor angiogenesis should focus not only on the ECs, representing a fundamental unit, but also on immune cells and on the inflammatory tumor infiltrate. Immune cells infiltrating tumors typically show a tumor-induced polarization associated with attenuation of anti-tumor functions and generation of pro-tumor activities, among these angiogenesis. Here, we propose a scenario suggesting that the angiogenic switch is an immune switch arising from the pro-angiogenic polarization of immune cells. This view links immunity, inflammation, and angiogenesis to tumor progression. Here, we review the data in the literature and seek to identify the “conductors” of this “orchestra. ” We also suggest that interrupting the immune → inflammation → angiogenesis → tumor progression process can delay or prevent tumor insurgence and malignant disease.
Disability and Equality Law in Britain: The Role of Reasonable Adjustment

1 Introduction 2 Duties to Make Adjustments and Human Rights 3 Reasonable Adjustment Obligations under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 4 Reasonable Adjustment and Non-Discrimination Measures 5 Reasonable Adjustment and Positive Measures 6 Reasonable Adjustments in Practice: Resistance and Response 7 Conclusion
CROSS-ORGANIZATIONAL SETTINGS: HOW SHOULD THE BUSINESS CASES LOOK LIKE?

This paper describes my PhD research on the development of realistic and innovative business case guidelines that can be used for complex information system implementations, such as cross-organizational ES implementations. I identify problems and solutions related to the issue of assessing the benefits of such complex implementations. Based on a structured literature review, a multidimensional benefit framework was developed. This is used as input into the ES business case guideline development process.