Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Game Addiction in Children and Adolescents

The present study was based on a descriptive research design with the objective of exploring the predictive power of self-esteem and family function on the game addiction of children and adolescents. The sample group used in the present study was composed of junior and senior high school students in both general and vocational lines of study who were studying at state schools in the province of Singburi. The sample group of 390 subjects was composed of both males and females ranging from 13 to 18 years. The instrumentation employed in data collection was composed of the following: 1) a sociodemographic interview form; 2) the Game Addiction Screening Test-GAST; 3) the Five-Scale Test of Self –Esteem for Children and 4) the Chulalongkorn Family Function Inventory. The data obtained was analyzed by using descriptive and multiple regression statistics. According to the research findings, the sample group had game addiction at a rate of 41.6% (89 cases) in males and 29.22% (52 cases) in females. Furthermore, self-esteem and family function were found to be negatively correlated to a high degree with game addiction with statistical significance at . 01 (r = -.822, p < 0.01; r = -.818, p < 0.01, respectively). And according to the findings, self-esteem and family function are capable of jointly predicting game addiction in children and adolescents with statistical significance at . 0001 (F = 252.24, p < .0001). The recommendations suggested by the research findings demonstrate that self-esteem and family function are the sole factors with influence on the game addiction of children and adolescents. Therefore, people involved, whether they are family members, schools or even medical facilities and healthcare teams need to be aware of and give importance to promoting children and adolescents in gaining self-esteem; realizing the importance of self-esteem familiarize themselves with their personal strong and weak points in order to develop improved self-esteem. Furthermore, family participation should be encouraged in order to foster awareness of the importance of family function and to bring about improved family function in every aspect. Keywords: Game and Internet Addiction, Children and Adolescents, Family Function, Self-esteem
Convenient Model To Describe the Combined Effects of Temperature and pH on Microbial Growth

A new model in which the maximum microbial specific growth rate ((mu)(infmax)) is described as a function of pH and temperature is presented. The seven parameters of this model are the three cardinal pH parameters (the pH below which no growth occurs, the pH above which no growth occurs, and the pH at which the (mu)(infmax) is optimal), the three cardinal temperature parameters (the temperature below which no growth occurs, the temperature above which no growth occurs, and the temperature at which the (mu)(infmax) is optimal), and the specific growth rate at the optimum temperature and optimum pH. The model is a combination of the cardinal temperature model with inflection and the cardinal pH model (CPM). The CPM was compared with the models of Wijtzes et al. and Zwietering et al. by using previously published data sets. The models were compared on the basis of the usual criteria (simplicity, biological significance and minimum number of parameters, applicability, quality of fit, minimum structural correlations, and ease of initial parameter estimation), and our results justified the choice of the CPM. Our combined model was constructed by using the hypothesis that the temperature and pH effects on the (mu)(infmax) are independent. An analysis of this new model with an Escherichia coli O157:H7 data set showed that there was a good correspondence between observed and calculated (mu)(infmax) values. The potential and convenience of the model are discussed.
A Comparison of the Reliabilities of Four Types of Difference Scores for Five Cognitive Assessment Batteries

Summary: In recent years, studies have been conducted comparing the reliability of simple difference scores to differences computed via reliable component analysis (RCA). For the five cognitive assessment batteries examined here, RCA difference scores have been superior to simple difference scores in this regard. In the present study, the five cognitive assessment batteries are considered again, including a comparison of two alternative methods of difference score construction, the residualized and base-free difference methods, in order to determine if RCA outperforms the other methods as well. Results indicated that the RCA difference scores were more reliable in 68/70 comparisons between the four methods. When difference scores are a central part of test interpretation, clinicians should use the RCA scoring method because of the high reliability of the difference scores.
What's Social About Social Emotions?

This paper presents a new approach to the demarcation of social emotions, based on their dependence on social appraisals that are designed to assess events bearing on social concerns. Previous theoretical attempts to characterize social emotions are compared, and their inconsistencies highlighted. Evidence for the present formulation is derived from theory and research into links between appraisals and emotions. Emotions identified as social using our criteria are also shown to bring more consistent consequences for social behavior than nonsocial emotions. We conclude by considering ways of validating and refining our classification.
The Shaping of Postcollege Colorblind Orientation Among Whites: Residential Segregation and Campus Diversity Experiences

In this article, Uma M. Jayakumar investigates the cumulative impact of experiences with segregation or racial diversity prior to and during college on colorblind ideological orientation among white adults. An analysis of longitudinal data spanning ten years reveals that, for whites from segregated and diverse childhood neighborhoods, some experiences in college may increase colorblind thinking, while others may facilitate a greater understanding of the racial context of US society. Segregated white environments, or white habitus, before, during, and after college are associated with whites' colorblind ideological orientations, with negative implications for racial justice. Campus racial diversity experiences can play a role in diminishing the influence of white habitus but are not necessarily doing so. In other words, the challenges of addressing colorblind orientation are greater for white students from segregated neighborhoods and high schools who also tend to choose segregated white campus environment.
An Experimental Method for Measuring the Emergence of New Ideas in Information Discovery

Although sometimes the task that motivates searching, browsing, and collecting information resources is finding a particular fact, humans often use information resources in intellectual and creative tasks that can include comparison, understanding, and discovery. Information discovery tasks involve not only finding relevant information but also seeing relationships among collected information resources and developing new ideas. The hypothesis presented here is that how information is represented impacts the magnitude of human creativity in information discovery tasks. How can we measure this creative cognition? Studies of search have focused on time and accuracy, metrics of limited value for measuring creative discovery. A new experimental method is developed, which measures the emergence of new ideas in information discovery, to evaluate the efficacy of representations. The efficacy of the typical textual list representation for information collections is compared with an alternative representation, combinFormation's composition of image and text surrogates. Representing collections with such compositions increases emergence in information discovery.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Foot and Ankle: Impact of Unplanned Excision, Limb Salvage, and Multimodality Therapy

Background: Foot and ankle sarcomas have historically been treated with amputation because of the difficulty in achieving local disease control and maintaining a functional foot. Potential opportunities for limb salvage may be further compromised by unplanned excisions. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 52 consecutive patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the foot and ankle and analyzed the impact of planned versus unplanned initial excision, limb salvage, and multimodality therapy on treatment and outcomes. Results: Unplanned excisions had been performed in 29 (55.8%) patients. Limb salvage was performed in 38 patients, with 14 requiring free soft tissue transfers. At an average followup of 99 (range, 24 to 216) months, the 5-year overall survival estimate was 76.3%. Although not statistically significant, we noted clinically relevant potential differences in local recurrence-free, disease-free, and oncologic survival between the planned and unplanned excision groups. Seven patients (13.5%) had a local recurrence, five of these following an unplanned excision. Functional scores averaged 83.2% for all patients which were similar between planned versus unplanned and amputation versus limb salvage groups. Significantly more patients with unplanned excisions required free flaps for limb salvage (p = 0.017) and received adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: Unplanned surgery for soft tissue sarcomas of the foot and ankle often results in the need for more aggressive surgery and/or adjuvant radiotherapy and may impact oncologic outcomes, but does not necessarily portend worse functional outcomes. Multi-modal therapy and judicious use of soft tissue flap reconstruction allows limb salvage in most patients with favorable outcomes.
The Extratropical 40-Day Oscillation in the UCLA General Circulation Model. Part II: Spatial Structure

Abstract Intraseasonal oscillations in a 3-yr, perpetual-January simulation are examined using a version of the UCLA GCM that produces no self-sustained Madden–Julian oscillation in the Tropics. A robust, 40-day oscillation is found to arise in the model's Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics when standard topography is present. Part I of this study addressed the zonally averaged component of the GCM oscillation, manifested in wind- and pressure-induced variations in atmospheric angular momentum (AAM). The focus here is on the spatial features of the oscillation as manifested in the variability of the 500-mb height field. A standing, wavenumber-two pattern is found in the NH extratropics, which undergoes tilted-trough vacillation in conjunction with the model's AAM oscillation. High (low) values of AAM are associated with low (high) 500-mb heights over the northeast Pacific and Atlantic Oceans; the two centers' of action slightly different frequencies give rise to a long-period modulation (of about 300 d.
Low-Rank Kernel Learning with Bregman Matrix Divergences

In this paper, we study low-rank matrix nearness problems, with a focus on learning low-rank positive semidefinite (kernel) matrices for machine learning applications. We propose efficient algorithms that scale linearly in the number of data points and quadratically in the rank of the input matrix. Existing algorithms for learning kernel matrices often scale poorly, with running times that are cubic in the number of data points. We employ Bregman matrix divergences as the measures of nearness---these divergences are natural for learning low-rank kernels since they preserve rank as well as positive semidefiniteness. Special cases of our framework yield faster algorithms for various existing learning problems, and experimental results demonstrate that our algorithms can effectively learn both low-rank and full-rank kernel matrices.
Complex Interactions between Human Myoblasts and the Surrounding 3D Fibrin-Based Matrix

Anchorage of muscle cells to the extracellular matrix is crucial for a range of fundamental biological processes including migration, survival and differentiation. Three-dimensional (3D) culture has been proposed to provide a more physiological in vitro model of muscle growth and differentiation than routine 2D cultures. However, muscle cell adhesion and cell-matrix interplay of engineered muscle tissue remain to be determined. We have characterized cell-matrix interactions in 3D muscle culture and analyzed their consequences on cell differentiation. Human myoblasts were embedded in a fibrin matrix cast between two posts, cultured until confluence, and then induced to differentiate. Myoblasts in 3D aligned along the longitudinal axis of the gel. They displayed actin stress fibers evenly distributed around the nucleus and a cortical mesh of thin actin filaments. Adhesion sites in 3D were smaller in size than in rigid 2D culture but expression of adhesion site proteins, including α5 integrin and vinculin, was higher in 3D compared with 2D (p<0.05). Myoblasts and myotubes in 3D exhibited thicker and ellipsoid nuclei instead of the thin disk-like shape of the nuclei in 2D (p<0.001). Differentiation kinetics were faster in 3D as demonstrated by higher mRNA concentrations of α-actinin and myosin. More important, the elastic modulus of engineered muscle tissues increased significantly from 3.5±0.8 to 7.4±4.7 kPa during proliferation (p<0.05) and reached 12.2±6.0 kPa during differentiation (p<0.05), thus attesting the increase of matrix stiffness during proliferation and differentiation of the myocytes. In conclusion, we reported modulations of the adhesion complexes, the actin cytoskeleton and nuclear shape in 3D compared with routine 2D muscle culture. These findings point to complex interactions between muscle cells and the surrounding matrix with dynamic regulation of the cell-matrix stiffness.
Immunization of calves against enterotoxigenic colibacillosis by vaccinating dams with purified K99 antigen and whole cell bacterins

Pregnant cattle were either vaccinated subcutaneously with (i) a suspension of purified Escherichia coli K99 pili, (ii) a Formalin-killed whole cell bacterin containing enterotoxigenic E. coli strain B44 (O9:K30;K99:H-), or (iii) a bacterin containing six different strains of bovine enterotoxigenic E. coli (multiple-strain bacterin), or were left as nonvaccinated controls. After birth, calves were allowed to nurse their dams and, at 12 to 14 h of age, were challenged orally with 10(11) cells of enterotoxigenic E. coli strain B44. Colostral antibody titers were determined against K99, K30, and O9 antigens of B44. In the nonvaccinated control group, 9 of 10 calves developed diarrhea and died within 24 to 72 h. Similarly, all six calves in the multiple-strain bacterin group developed diarrhea and four died. In contrast to calves in the two groups mentioned above, calves nursing cows vaccinated with either purified K99 or the homologous whole cell bacterin were protected against fatal diarrhea. There was a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.0005) between protection against fatal diarrhea and K99, but not K30 or O9 colostral antibody titers. Vaccination of cows with either purified pili or whole cell preparations containing sufficient K99 antigen may provide a means of preventing enterotoxigenic colibacillosis in calves.
Applying the Breslow-Day Test of Trend in Odds Ratio Heterogeneity to the Analysis of Nonuniform DIF

This article applies the Breslow-Day test of trend in odds ratio heterogeneity (BD) to the detection of nonuniform DIF. A simulation study was conducted to assess the power and Type I error rate of BD, as well as a combined decision rule (CDR) whereby a decision of the existence of DIF was based on a combination of the decisions made using BD and the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square. The results indicated that CDR displayed good Type I error rate and power across a variety of conditions. Comparing these results with those of earlier research indicates that CDR may yield more accurate decisions about DIF than other commonly used DIF detection procedures.
Error patterns in the acquisition of German plural morphology: Evidence for the relevance of grammatical gender as a cue

This paper presents some results of a study on the acquisition of German plural morphology. The error patterns of children and the adult control group reveal that the acquisition of plural morphology is conditioned in a predictable manner by a) the phonotactic shape of the noun stem and b) the gender of the noun. An acquisition model is proposed that takes this fact into account and also predicts the acquisition process with possible and impossible errors. It is based on the observation that errors demonstrate in a predictable way what children use as cues for acquisition. It not only explains the fact that adults have similar problems forming plurals from new nouns but also which errors adults and children are likely to exhibit.
The Use of Personality Measures in Personnel Selection: The Person-Job Fit and Its Relationship to Leaders' Performance and Burnout

The purpose of this research was to find out if there is a significant association between the actual personality and the preferred personality that the job requires to the leader’s performance and burnout symptoms. This study examines this problematic based on the person-job (PJ) fit theory. Survey data was collected from 95 leaders of a global manufacturing organization (n=52) and a multitechnological applied research organization (n=44). The result did support the PJ fit theory that the more similar the leader’s personality is to the preferred profile that the job requires the less the leader’s experience burnout feeling and the better the leader’s work performance. The results also appear to give support to the suggestion that the grounds of an effective performance and burnout symptoms at leadership level could be different from each other. In this study there were no personality dimension which would have a meaningful association to both burnout and the leader’s performance.
Detection of active plaques in multiple sclerosis using susceptibility-weighted imaging: comparison with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging.

PURPOSE Susceptibility-weighted (SW) imaging is a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique reported effective in visualizing multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques, but its capacity to distinguish active plaques remains unclear. We evaluated active plaque detection by SW compared with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS We prospectively examined 11 patients using a 3-tesla scanner. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated signal changes of plaques and accompanying low signal rims in 74 plaques on various SW images (magnitude, phase, and minimum intensity projection [minIP]), and on contrast-enhanced T(1)-weighted images (T(1)WI). We correlated signal alterations on various SW images and contrast enhancement on T(1)WI using Fisher's exact test and calculated sensitivity and specificity for predicting gadolinium enhancement. RESULTS Only changes in plaque signal on SW magnitude images correlated significantly with contrast enhancement of the plaques (P=0.008), and high signal intensity had 0.556 sensitivity and 0.787 specificity for predicting contrast-enhanced plaques. Furthermore, plaques with rims of low signal showed sensitivity of 0.296 and specificity of 0.957. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility-weighted magnitude, but not phase or minIP, images can predict MS plaques with contrast enhancement with high specificity.
Human Endothelial Cell Activation by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Is Mediated by TNF and IL-1β Secondarily to Activation of C5 and CD14 in Whole Blood

Endothelial cells (EC) play a central role in inflammation. E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression are essential for leukocyte recruitment and are good markers of EC activation. Most studies of EC activation are done in vitro using isolated mediators. The aim of the present study was to examine the relative importance of pattern recognition systems and downstream mediators in bacteria-induced EC activation in a physiological relevant human model, using EC incubated with whole blood. HUVEC were incubated with human whole blood. Escherichia coli– and Staphylococcus aureus–induced EC activation was measured by E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression using flow cytometry. The mAb 18D11 was used to neutralize CD14, and the lipid A analog eritoran was used to block TLR4/MD2. C5 cleavage was inhibited using eculizumab, and C5aR1 was blocked by an antagonist. Infliximab and canakinumab were used to neutralize TNF and IL-1β. The EC were minimally activated when bacteria were incubated in serum, whereas a substantial EC activation was seen when the bacteria were incubated in whole blood. E. coli–induced activation was largely CD14-dependent, whereas S. aureus mainly caused a C5aR1-mediated response. Combined CD14 and C5 inhibition reduced E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression by 96 and 98% for E. coli and by 70 and 75% for S. aureus. Finally, the EC activation by both bacteria was completely abolished by combined inhibition of TNF and IL-1β. E. coli and S. aureus activated EC in a CD14- and C5-dependent manner with subsequent leukocyte secretion of TNF and IL-1β mediating the effect.
The promposal: youth expressions of identity and ‘love’ in the digital age

ABSTRACT The ‘promposal’ is a growing, North American high school ritual in which one graduating senior asks another to the prom in a creative, witty, public performance that is recorded and posted online. A YouTube search for ‘promposal’ yields over 49,000 hits, with videos receiving up to 8,000,000 views. What does the promposal reveal about the construction of gender and identity amongst teenagers in the digital era and the nature of the voices channelled, expressed or spoken? In a study of high school students' responses to the promposal as well as a discourse analysis of YouTube videos, this paper argues that: students use promposals to achieve social aims by constructing and presenting desirable identities and voices across multiple platforms; the performances of gender seen in online promposals tend to draw upon, reflect, and reify traditional, hegemonic patterns of behaviour and to amplify the male voice; and promposals are a means of announcing the debut of young people as productive contributors to the neo-liberal economy as they prepare to leave high school.
Future affective technology for autism and emotion communication

People on the autism spectrum often experience states of emotional or cognitive overload that pose challenges to their interests in learning and communicating. Measurements taken from home and school environments show that extreme overload experienced internally, measured as autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation, may not be visible externally: a person can have a resting heart rate twice the level of non-autistic peers, while outwardly appearing calm and relaxed. The chasm between what is happening on the inside and what is seen on the outside, coupled with challenges in speaking and being pushed to perform, is a recipe for a meltdown that may seem to come ‘out of the blue’, but in fact may have been steadily building. Because ANS activation both influences and is influenced by efforts to process sensory information, interact socially, initiate motor activity, produce meaningful speech and more, deciphering the dynamics of ANS states is important for understanding and helping people on the autism spectrum. This paper highlights advances in technology that can comfortably sense and communicate ANS arousal in daily life, allowing new kinds of investigations to inform the science of autism while also providing personalized feedback to help individuals who participate in the research.