Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Scientific Voice

Tracing the language of science through time and across cultures, Scott Montgomery examines its character, evolution, and cultural origins, and shows the profound influence language has had on scientific thought, discovery, and progress. Drawing on examples from a range of sciences, he shows how the choice of language and metaphors leads to different scientific insights. This process is illustrated through discussions of military metaphors in biomedical writings, a comparison between Japanese and English science, and a fascinating examination of the English translation of Freud's work and how it compares to the original German edition.
Expression of the IFNAR1 chain of type 1 interferon receptor in benign cells protects against progression of acute leukemia

Abstract Type I interferons (IFN) were widely used for leukemia treatment. These cytokines act on cell surface receptor consisting of the IFNAR1/2 chains to induce anti-tumorigenic effects. Given that levels of IFNAR1 can be regulated by phosphorylation-driven ubiquitination and degradation that undermines IFN signaling and anti-tumorigenic effects, we sought to determine the importance of IFNAR1 downregulation in progression of acute leukemia. Using knock-in mice deficient in downregulation of IFNAR1, we uncovered that IFNAR1 expression in stromal benign cells functions to protect against progression of leukemia. We discuss putative mechanisms of this regulation and potential of therapeutic targeting of IFNAR1 downregulation to treat leukemia.
The Structure of Irisin Reveals a Novel Intersubunit β-Sheet Fibronectin Type III (FNIII) Dimer

Background: Irisin, which corresponds to the FNDC5 receptor ectodomain, is a purported exercise-induced myokine produced by cleavage. Results: Irisin forms an extensive intersubunit β-sheet dimer with an FNIII-like fold. Conclusion: Irisin forms a continuous β-sheet dimer not observed previously for any FNIII protein and may be representative of a new FNIII class. Significance: The preformed irisin dimer suggests mechanisms for ligand and receptor activation. Irisin was recently identified as a putative myokine that is induced by exercise. Studies suggest that it is produced by cleavage of the FNDC5 (fibronectin domain-containing protein 5) receptor; irisin corresponds to the extracellular receptor ectodomain. Data suggesting that irisin stimulates white-to-brown fat conversion have led to the hypothesis that it does so by binding an unknown receptor, thus functioning as a myokine. As brown fat promotes energy dissipation, myokines that elicit the transformation of white to brown fat have potentially profound benefits in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Understanding the molecular basis for such exercise-induced phenomena is thus of considerable interest. Moreover, FNDC5-like receptors are highly conserved and have been shown to be critical for neuronal development. However, the structural and molecular mechanisms utilized by these proteins are currently unknown. Here, we describe the crystal structure and biochemical characterization of the FNDC5 ectodomain, corresponding to the irisin myokine. The 2.28 Å structure shows that irisin consists of an N-terminal fibronectin III (FNIII)-like domain attached to a flexible C-terminal tail. Strikingly, the FNIII-like domain forms a continuous intersubunit β-sheet dimer, previously unobserved for any FNIII protein. Biochemical data confirm that irisin is a dimer and that dimerization is unaffected by glycosylation. This finding suggests a possible mechanism for receptor activation by the irisin domain as a preformed myokine dimer ligand or as a paracrine or autocrine dimerization module on FNDC5-like receptors.
A unifying framework for global regulation via nonlinear output feedback: from ISS to iISS

This paper presents a unifying framework for the problem of robust global regulation via output feedback for nonlinear systems with integral input-to-state stable inverse dynamics, subject to possibly unknown control direction. The contribution of the paper is two-fold. Firstly, we consider the problem of global regulation, instead of global asymptotic stabilization (GAS), for systems with generalized dynamic uncertainties. It is shown by an elementary example that GAS is not solvable using conventional smooth output feedback. Secondly, we reduce the stability requirements for the disturbance and demand relaxed assumptions for the system. Using our framework, most of the known classes of output feedback form systems are broadened in several directions: unmeasured states and unknown parameters can appear nonlinearly, restrictive matching and growth assumptions are removed, the dynamic uncertainty satisfies the weaker condition of Sontag's integral input-to-state stability, and the sign of high-frequency gain may be unknown. A constructive strategy is proposed to design a dynamic output feedback control law, that drives the state to the origin while keeping all other closed-loop signals bounded.
Factors impacting the temperature dependence of soft errors in commercial SRAMs

We performed neutron and alpha-particle irradiation to reproduce the effects of the terrestrial environment on several commercial SRAMs manufactured by different vendors. We observed that, depending on the tested vendor, the number of errors either increases or slightly decreases for rising temperature, even in devices belonging to the same technology node. SPICE simulations were then used to investigate the temperature dependence of parameters like the feedback time and restoring current of the cell. The shape and magnitude of the particle-induced transient current was discussed as a function of temperature. The variability in the temperature response was attributed to the balance of contrasting factors, such as cell slowing down and increased diffusion collection with increasing temperature.
Implementation of a Universal Admission Surveillance and Decolonization Program for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Reduces the Number of MRSA and Total Number of S. aureus Isolates Reported by the Clinical Laboratory

ABSTRACT Our three-hospital system began active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization, with decolonization of positive patients, on all admissions starting 1 August 2005. A question not previously addressed is whether reduction of the incidence of MRSA disease would lower the total number of S. aureus clinical isolates recovered by the microbiology laboratory that are reported to health care providers. The decreases in the numbers of MRSA and total S. aureus clinical isolates for each year after August 2005 were highly statistically significant compared to the numbers in each of the prior 3 years (P < 0.0001).
Pengaruh Model Brain-based Learning Berbantuan Media Visual Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Ditinjau Dari Sikap Ilmiah Siswa Kelas V SD Gugus I Kecamatan Banjar Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Brain-Based Learning berbantuan media visual terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V ditinjau dari sikap ilmiah. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Gugus I Kecamatan Banjar yang berjumlah 193 orang. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan teknik random sampling berjumlah 88 orang dari 4 sekolah yang terdiri dari 2 kelas eksperimen dan 2 kelas kontrol. Desain penelitian adalah desain dua faktor dengan instrumen tes hasil belajar IPA dan kuesioner sikap ilmiah. Data hasil belajar dianalisis dengan anava dua jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar IPA antara siswa yang mengikuti model Brain-Based Learning berbantuan media visual dan siswa yang mengikuti model konvensional; (2) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan sikap ilmiah terhadap hasil belajar IPA; (3) pada siswa yang memiliki sikap ilmiah tinggi, hasil belajar IPA siswa yang mengikuti model Brain-Based Learning berbantuan media visual lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mengikuti model konvensional; dan (4) pada siswa yang memiliki sikap ilmiah rendah, hasil belajar IPA siswa yang mengikuti model konvensional lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mengikuti model Brain- Based Learning berbantuan media visual. Kata Kunci : hasil belajar IPA, media visual, model Brain-Based Learning, sikap ilmiah This study aimed at finding out the influence of Brain-Based Learning model aided visual media of the fifth grade student for science learning achievement based on scientific attitude. The population of study were fifth grade students in Cluster I Banjar Sub-district which totaled 193 students. The samples of study which selected using random sampling technique totaled 88 students from four schools which consisted of 2 classes experiment and 2 classes control. This study design was two factors design with instruments science learning achievement test and scientific attitude quesioner. The data of science learning achievement was analyzed by two-tailed anova. The result of this study shows that (1) there is significance difference in science learning achievement between students who following Brain-Based Learning model aided visual media and students who following conventional model; (2) there is interaction effect between learning model and scientific attitude towards science learning achievement; (3) for students who have high scientific attitude, science learning achievement of students who following Brain-Based Learning model aided visual media are more better than students who following conventional model; and (4) for students who have low scientific attitude, science learning achievement of students who following conventional model are more better than students who following Brain-Based Learning model aided visual media. keyword : Brain-Based Learning model, science learning achievement, scientific attitude, visual media
Property Rights, Corruption and the Allocation of Talent: A General Equilibrium Approach

We consider an economy where property rights are necessary to ensure sufficient rewards to ex-ante investments. Because enforcement of property rights influences the ex-post distribution of rents, there is room for corruption. We characterize the optimal organization of society and the optimal degree of property rights enforcement subject to incentive constraints of the agents. We find that three frequently mentioned government failures arise quite naturally as part of the optimal mechanism: i) rents to government employees; ii) corruption; and iii) misallocation of talent. Therefore, these observations are not by themselves proof of government failure. We also discover that the general equilibrium aspect of our model leads to a number of new results: there may exist a free lunch such that over a certain range it is possible to simultaneously reduce corruption and the misallocation of talent, and increase investment. It will also often be the case that bureaucracies will impose a certain amount of self discipline.
Familial conflict and attitudes toward marriage : a psychological wholeness perspective

The present study examined the relationship between current and past familial conflict, as perceived by college students, and their current attitudes toward marriage. This study also explored the relationship between the family structure in which the students lived (intact vs. divorced) and their current attitudes toward divorce. Contrary to expectations, perceived levels of conflict were not significantly related to attitudes toward marriage, and family structure was not a significant predictor of attitudes toward divorce. Compared to students from intact homes, students from divorced homes reported significantly higher levels of conflict in their homes while growing up. Implications of these findings and limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Adaptations for life in the Arctic: evidence that melatonin rhythms in reindeer are not driven by a circadian oscillator but remain acutely sensitive to environmental photoperiod

Abstract: In reindeer Rangifer tarandus, a high latitude species, the rhythmic production of melatonin periodically dissipates under natural photoperiods when, in mid‐winter, there is near permanent darkness and again, in summer, when there is permanent light. In spring and autumn, as expected, melatonin production reflects the ambient light:dark (LD) cycle. We investigated the expression of circadian mechanisms on blood levels of melatonin in reindeer. Two experiments were conducted in which animals were transferred from natural photic conditions into continuous darkness for 3 days: (i) in February, when they had been exposed to an LD cycle (11L:13D) and (ii) in July, when they had been exposed to permanent light. In July, plasma levels of melatonin rose abruptly on exposure to darkness but then declined over 24 hr before displaying a second rise and decline over the following 36 hr. In contrast, in February, levels of melatonin rose abruptly but then remained elevated for more than 60 hr in darkness. Melatonin secretion upon exposure to darkness did not conform to a circadian pattern and did not, therefore, support the hypothesis that pineal activity in reindeer is tightly regulated by circadian mechanisms. Instead the secretion of melatonin appeared to be acutely and directly sensitive to ambient lighting. The results are consistent with a model in which Arctic resident animals have adapted to extreme photic conditions by disconnecting the generation of the pineal melatonin signal from their circadian machinery and relying, instead, on its being driven by the LD cycle for just a few weeks annually in spring and autumn.
A Genomic Bayesian Multi-trait and Multi-environment Model

When information on multiple genotypes evaluated in multiple environments is recorded, a multi-environment single trait model for assessing genotype × environment interaction (G × E) is usually employed. Comprehensive models that simultaneously take into account the correlated traits and trait × genotype × environment interaction (T × G × E) are lacking. In this research, we propose a Bayesian model for analyzing multiple traits and multiple environments for whole-genome prediction (WGP) model. For this model, we used Half-t priors on each standard deviation term and uniform priors on each correlation of the covariance matrix. These priors were not informative and led to posterior inferences that were insensitive to the choice of hyper-parameters. We also developed a computationally efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) under the above priors, which allowed us to obtain all required full conditional distributions of the parameters leading to an exact Gibbs sampling for the posterior distribution. We used two real data sets to implement and evaluate the proposed Bayesian method and found that when the correlation between traits was high (>0.5), the proposed model (with unstructured variance–covariance) improved prediction accuracy compared to the model with diagonal and standard variance–covariance structures. The R-software package Bayesian Multi-Trait and Multi-Environment (BMTME) offers optimized C++ routines to efficiently perform the analyses.
Unwanted and Wanted Exposure to Online Pornography in a National Sample of Youth Internet Users

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to assess the extent of unwanted and wanted exposure to online pornography among youth Internet users and associated risk factors. METHODS. A telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of 1500 youth Internet users aged 10 to 17 years was conducted between March and June 2005. RESULTS. Forty-two percent of youth Internet users had been exposed to online pornography in the past year. Of those, 66% reported only unwanted exposure. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to compare youth with unwanted exposure only or any wanted exposure with those with no exposure. Unwanted exposure was related to only 1 Internet activity, namely, using file-sharing programs to download images. Filtering and blocking software reduced the risk of unwanted exposure, as did attending an Internet safety presentation by law enforcement personnel. Unwanted exposure rates were higher for teens, youth who reported being harassed or sexually solicited online or interpersonally victimized offline, and youth who scored in the borderline or clinically significant range on the Child Behavior Checklist subscale for depression. Wanted exposure rates were higher for teens, boys, and youth who used file-sharing programs to download images, talked online to unknown persons about sex, used the Internet at friends’ homes, or scored in the borderline or clinically significant range on the Child Behavior Checklist subscale for rule-breaking. Depression also could be a risk factor for some youth. Youth who used filtering and blocking software had lower odds of wanted exposure. CONCLUSIONS. More research concerning the potential impact of Internet pornography on youth is warranted, given the high rate of exposure, the fact that much exposure is unwanted, and the fact that youth with certain vulnerabilities, such as depression, interpersonal victimization, and delinquent tendencies, have more exposure.
Comparison of Infants' Reunion with Fathers and Mothers

Each of 30 infants was observed during reunion with the father or mother in a nonstressful living room setting. Infants responded to reunion with fathers with an intense, brief display of socioemotional behavior toward them; reunion with mothers resulted in a more diffuse display. The findings suggest that, under nonstressful circumstances, infants behave in qualitatively different ways during reunion with fathers and mothers.
Protein source and level for pregnant gilts: a comparison of corn, opaque-2 corn and corn-soybean meal diets.

p R E G N A N T swine exhibit a remarkable capacity to provide nutriment to the developing fetuses during periods of severe protein restriction. Clawson et al. (1963) and Rippel et al. (1965a) observed no deleterious effects on offspring at birth from feeding 5% protein diets during pregnancy. Even an essentially protein-free diet from day 24 of pregnancy to parturition has resulted in normal numbers and weights of pigs born (Strachan et al., 1968). The gravid female apparently has less capacity to buffer her offspring against an energy deficit than a protein deficit, as indicated by rather marked reductions in birth weight (but not in number of pigs born) when energy or total feed restriction is imposed during gestation (Lodge, Elsley and MacPherson, 1966; O'Grady, 1967; Elsley et al., 1969; Vermedahl et al., 1969; Baker et al., 1969). The apparent lack of injurious effects on the dam or her offspring at birth from protein restriction during pregnancy raises the question of whether diets based entirely upon cereal grains might prove adequate for swine gestation. I t was the purpose of this study to evaluate gestation diets based upon corn, opaque-2 corn or various mixtures of corn and soybean m e a l .
Prevalence and impact of substance use among emerging adults with serious mental health conditions.

TOPIC This critical review of the literature integrates findings across varied literatures and identifies areas for continued study on the prevalence, correlates, and impact of substance use (alcohol and illicit drugs) on social role functioning among emerging adults with serious mental health conditions. PURPOSE This population is of interest because of high comorbidity rates between substance use and serious mental health conditions and the added difficulties posed by their co-occurrence during the transition to adulthood. This critical review presents the epidemiology of substance use in emerging adults with serious mental health conditions compared to emerging adults without these conditions, as well as what is known about predictors and consequences of substance use in this population. SOURCES USED PsychINFO and PubMed along with relevant published literature. RESULTS This review summarizes what is known about the impact of these co-occurring problems on the transition of emerging adults from school and training environments to adult work roles. Though this group presents with unique challenges, few programs have been developed to address their specific needs. This paper synthesizes what is known empirically about approaches with this population, discussing those that might be useful for emerging adults with comorbid serious mental health conditions and substance use problems, particularly in supporting their educational and vocational development. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Emerging adults with co-occurring serious mental health conditions and substance use problems are underserved by current mental health systems. Recommendations focus on how to promote mental health and social role functioning through comprehensive intervention programs that provide continuity of care through the transition to adulthood.
Complementing user-level coarse-grain parallelism with implicit speculative parallelism

Multi-core and many-core systems are the norm in contemporary processor technology and are expected to remain so for the foreseeable future. Programs using parallel programming primitives like PThreads or OpenMP often exploit coarse-grain parallelism, because it offers a good trade-off between programming effort versus performance gain. Some parallel applications show limited or no scaling beyond a number of cores. Given the abundant number of cores expected in future many-cores, several cores would remain idle in such cases while execution performance stagnates. This paper proposes using cores that do not contribute to performance improvement for running implicit fine-grain speculative threads. In particular, we present a many-core architecture and protocol that allow applications with coarse-grain explicit parallelism to further exploit implicit speculative parallelism within each thread. Implicit speculative parallelism frees the programmer from the additional effort to explicitly partition the work into finer and properly synchronized tasks. Our results show that, for a many-core comprising of 128 cores supporting implicit speculative parallelism in clusters of 2 or 4 cores, performance improves on top of the highest scalability point by 41% on average for the 4-core cluster and by 27% on average for the 2-core cluster. These performance improvements come with an energy consumption that is close to - and sometimes better than - the baseline. This approach often leads to better performance and energy efficiency compared to existing alternatives such as Core Fusion and Frequency Boosting. We also investigate the tradeoffs between explicit and implicit threads as input dataset sizes vary. Finally, we present a dynamic mechanism to choose the number of explicit and implicit threads, which performs within 6% of the static oracle selection of threads.