Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pair potentials for protein folding: Choice of reference states and sensitivity of predicted native states to variations in the interaction schemes

We examine the similarities and differences between two widely used knowledge‐based potentials, which are expressed as contact matrices (consisting of 210 elements) that gives a scale for interaction energies between the naturally occurring amino acid residues. These are the Miyazawa–Jernigan contact interaction matrix M and the potential matrix S derived by Skolnick J et al., 1997, Protein Sci 6:676–688. Although the correlation between the two matrices is good, there is a relatively large dispersion between the elements. We show that when Thr is chosen as a reference solvent within the Miyazawa and Jernigan scheme, the dispersion between the M and S matrices is reduced. The resulting interaction matrix B gives hydrophobicities that are in very good agreement with experiment. The small dispersion between the S and B matrices, which arises due to differing reference states, is shown to have dramatic effect on the predicted native states of lattice models of proteins. These findings and other arguments are used to suggest that for reliable predictions of protein structures, pairwise additive potentials are not sufficient. We also establish that optimized protein sequences can tolerate relatively large random errors in the pair potentials. We conjecture that three body interaction may be needed to predict the folds of proteins in a reliable manner.
MRI-based functional neuroimaging in ALS: An update

With non-invasive functional imaging techniques, neuroscience has reached a new era of connecting anatomy and function. Although other techniques bear the advantage of either higher temporal or spatial resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most widely used non-invasive brain imaging technique. fMRI provides an acceptable balance between low patient load and high information capacity with good spatial resolution, making it ideal for clinical research in patients with physical restrictions like those with ALS. Most fMRI studies have provided evidence of a spatial shift of function in motor and extramotor areas in ALS patients. Furthermore, MRI-based functional imaging has supported the clinical findings of frontal cortical involvement not only in patients with ALS/dementia complex but also in patients with ALS and sub-clinical cognitive impairment. Functional MRI will identify the preserved but non-executable functions in ALS patients in the end stage and will set the direction for a new way of thinking on the functional capacities of these patients which will have a major impact on our way of thinking about end-of-life decisions.
A Large-Scale Test of the Goldilocks Hypothesis

Although the time adolescents spend with digital technologies has sparked widespread concerns that their use might be negatively associated with mental well-being, these potential deleterious influences have not been rigorously studied. Using a preregistered plan for analyzing data collected from a representative sample of English adolescents (n = 120,115), we obtained evidence that the links between digital-screen time and mental well-being are described by quadratic functions. Further, our results showed that these links vary as a function of when digital technologies are used (i.e., weekday vs. weekend), suggesting that a full understanding of the impact of these recreational activities will require examining their functionality among other daily pursuits. Overall, the evidence indicated that moderate use of digital technology is not intrinsically harmful and may be advantageous in a connected world. The findings inform recommendations for limiting adolescents’ technology use and provide a template for conducting rigorous investigations into the relations between digital technology and children’s and adolescents’ health.
Evaluating the Effect of Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larvae-Derived Haemolymph and Fat Body Extracts on Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Rabbits

We evaluated extracts taken from S. magellanica third instar larvae fat body and haemolymph using a diabetic rabbit model and compared this to the effect obtained with the same substances taken from Lucilia sericata larvae. Alloxan (a toxic glucose analogue) was used to induce experimental diabetes in twelve rabbits. Dorsal wounds were made in each animal and they were infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They were then treated with haemolymph and lyophilized extracts taken from the selected blowflies' larvae fat bodies. Each wound was then evaluated by using rating scales and histological analysis. More favourable scores were recorded on the PUSH and WBS scales for the wounds treated with fat body derived from the larvae of both species compared to that obtained with haemolymph; however, wounds treated with the substances taken from S. magellanica had better evolution. Histological analysis revealed that treatment led to tissue proliferation and more effective neovascularisation in less time with both species' fat body extracts compared to treatment with just haemolymph. The results suggest the effectiveness of the substances evaluated and validate them in the animal model being used here as topical agents in treating chronic wounds.
Why firms make unilateral investments specific to other firms: the case of OEM suppliers

This paper examines why and under what conditions firms will make unilateral relationship-specific investments to serve their transaction partners. We propose that firms are more likely to make unilateral relationship-specific investments when the investment yields economic spillover values for other transactions with the same exchange partners as well as for third-party transactions. We also model two types of positive inter-project spillover effects that a transaction may generate: knowledge spillovers and reputation spillovers. We find empirical support for our developed theory in the context of Taiwanese suppliers of Original Equipment Manufacturers.
Generalization of Creative Productive-Thinking Training to LD Students' Written Expression

This study examined whether intermediate-grade LD students could generalize creativity training to increase competency on a spontaneous writing task. The investigation used seven intact classrooms to analyze differences between groups on initial creative productive-thinking level, measured by Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) subtest Tin Can: Unusual Uses. Mean difference scores were compared for number of (a) words, (b) thought units, (c) subordinate clauses, (d) vocabulary, and (e) thematic maturity on the story subtest of the Test of Written Language (TOWL) given before and after training in New Directions in Creativity (NDC). A nonequivalent control-group design was used. Teachers administered the TTCT and TOWL pre- and posttests to 49 subjects in self-contained LD classrooms. Teachers of a 25-member experimental (E) group also conducted NDC intervention, including nonjudgmental brainstorming activities, three times per week for nine weeks. Analysis of covariance results revealed that, after creative productive-thinking training, the E group significantly improved (p < .05) in number of thought units, subordinate clauses, and thematic maturity. The results of this initial probe should impact upon training of teachers of LD students.
The abnormal development of drive and guidance mechanisms in the brain: the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Background: It remains a mystery as to how genetic and environmental factors cause schizophrenia. Objective: To develop a pathophysiological model of schizophrenia that has greater explanatory power than existing hypotheses of the disorder. Method: Published findings on schizophrenia are integrated with more recent data from human and animal studies of striatal and cerebellar functions. Results: The analysis shows that during phylo- and ontogenesis two primarily motor-control mechanisms are applied at the intentional (limbic) level of functioning to organize emotional and cognitive behavior: one for initiating and dosing (drive) and the other for the representational guidance (guidance) of both movements and intentions. The intentional drive and guidance mechanisms are organized through a ventral, respectively, a dorsal cortical–subcortical circuitry. Conclusions: A deficient implementation of these mechanisms at the limbic domain manifests itself as schizophrenia, whereby the heterogeneity in symptomatology is explained by the extent of the remaining cerebral activity and by the degree of indirect activation of these systems. In general, activation manifests itself as positive symptomatology and the absence of such activation as negative symptomatology. The model provides a more comprehensive explanation for existing clinical and epidemiological data than do the current alternatives. It is compatible with the major prevailing views on the illness, such as the theories that regard this as a progressive neurodevelopmental, or a connectivity disorder, or one resulting from a deficient cerebral lateralization, or an interrupted cortico–thalamo–cerebello–cortical circuitry. The model fits with recent theories in evolutionary psychology and evolutionary psychiatry.
Differential Effects of Dengue Virus on Infected and Bystander Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role as major targets of dengue virus (DV) infections and initiators of antiviral immune responses. Previous observations showed that DCs are activated by infection, presumably acquiring the capacity to promote cell-mediated immunity. However, separate evaluations of the maturation profiles of infected and uninfected bystander cells show that infection impairs the ability of DCs to upregulate cell surface expression of costimulatory, maturation, and major histocompatibility complex molecules, resulting in reduced T-cell stimulatory capacity. Infected DCs failed to respond to tumor necrosis factor alpha as an additional maturation stimulus and were apoptotic. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) was detected in supernatants from cultures of DV-infected DCs and cocultures of DCs and T cells. Taken together, these results constitute an immune evasion strategy used by DV that directly impairs antigen-presenting cell function by maturation blockade and induction of apoptosis.
MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF MESOCESTOIDES SPP. (CESTODA: MESOCESTOIDIDAE) FROM DOMESTIC DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) AND COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS)

The genus Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 includes tapeworms of uncertain phylogenetic affinities and with poorly defined life histories. We previously documented 11 cases of peritoneal cestodiasis in dogs (Canis familiaris L.) in western North America caused by metacestodes of Mesocestoides spp. In the current study, DNA sequences were obtained from metacestodes collected from these dogs (n = 10), as well as proglottids from dogs (n = 3) and coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823 [n = 2]), and tetrathyridia representing laboratory isolates of M. corti (n = 3), and these data were analyzed phylogenetically. Two nuclear genetic markers, 18S ribosomal DNA and the second internal-transcribed spacer (ITS 2), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA data recovered a monophyletic group composed of all samples of Mesocestoides spp. , distinct from closely related outgroup taxa (Amurotaenia Akhmerov, 1941 and Tetrabothrius Rudolphi, 1819). Initial analysis of the ITS 2 data resolved 3 clades within Mesocestoides. Two proglottids from dogs formed a basal clade, a second clade was represented by tetrathyridial isolates, and a third clade included all other samples. Interpretation of these data from an apomorphy-based perspective identified 6 evolutionary lineages. We also assessed whether metacestodes from dogs (n = 4) are capable of asexual proliferation in laboratory mice. One tetrathyridial and 2 acephalic isolates from dogs proliferated asexually. Further investigation is warranted to determine which of the lineages represent distinct species and to determine the life history strategies of Mesocestoides spp.
The language of social entrepreneurs

This paper questions the application of the entrepreneurship discourse to social entrepreneurship in the UK and looks at how people ‘doing’ social enterprise appropriate or re-write the discourse to articulate their own realities. Drawing on phenomenological enquiry and discourse analysis, the study analyses the micro discourses of social entrepreneurs, as opposed to the meta rhetorics of (social) entrepreneurship. Analysis using both corpus linguistics software and Critical Discourse Analysis showed a preoccupation among interviewees with local issues, collective action, geographical community and local power struggles. Echoes of the enterprise discourse are evident but couched in linguistic devices that suggest a modified social construction of entrepreneurship, in which interviewees draw their legitimacy from a local or social morality. These findings are at odds ideologically with the discursive shifts of UK social enterprise policy over the last decade, in which a managerially defined rhetoric of enterprise is used to promote efficiency, business discipline and financial independence. The paper raises critical awareness of the tension in meanings appropriated to the enterprise discourse by social enterprise policy and practice and illustrates the value of discourse analysis for entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship research.
Conceptualizing and analyzing fit in information systems research : an empirical comparison of perspectives

The impacts of information technology on business performance has been a focus of research in recent years. In this regard, contingency models based on the notion of « fit » between the organization’s management of IT, its environment, strategy, and structure seem to hold some promise. However, given different conceptual definitions of fit adopted and statistical analysis methods chosen by researchers, results of empirical studies may vary. Six perspectives are examined as they pertain to the relationships between the firm’s environmental uncertainty, its strategic orientation, its structure, its strategic management of IT, and its performance, namely moderation, mediation and matching as bivariate approaches to fit, and covariation, profile deviation and gestalts as systems approaches. These relationships are analyzed by means of an empirical study of 110 small and medium-sized enterprises. Results obtained from applying and comparing the six perspectives illustrate their significant differences and confirm the need for conceptual and methodological rigor when applying contingency theory in IS research.
A stability analysis on the regenerative brake control system focusing on feeder line circuit models of DC-electrified railway

In this paper, stability of regenerative brake control system is studied, focusing on the difference in the feeder line circuit model on factory test conditions and actual load conditions. The factory test is always carried out to determine the gain of regenerative brake control system because there are restrictions in the on-track test. However, the influence on the difference of the circuit configurations on the stability of the traction circuit and suppression of overvoltage has not been studied. In this paper, the authors revealed that the factory test condition is equivalent to the actual condition from the viewpoint of stability of traction circuit from the analysis on the pole assignment of the closed-loop transfer function of each models. Also, these results of theoretical analysis are verified by the numerical simulation. From results of this paper, it is theoretically revealed that the stability of the traction circuit in the actual condition could be guaranteed by the factory test. This paper contributes to reduce the process for tuning the gain of the regenerative brake control system in the on-track test.
Employee attachment in the short and long run Antecedents and consequences of situated and deep-structure identification

This article discusses the distinction between situated (i.e., temporary and limited) identification and deep-struc- ture (i.e., enduring and multi-faceted) identification with organizations. Research in the social identity tradition suggests that managers can foster employees' situated identification by emphasizing (a) organizational successes, (b) competition with other firms, (c) employees' shared features, and (d) personal and organizational distinctiveness. Repeated exposure to these identity reinforcers can turn situated identification into deep-structure identification, especially when employees trust the organization and derive particularistic resources from it (e.g., recognition, information, status). This article concludes with the positive and negative consequences of deep-structure and situated identification for (a) the acceptance of organiza- tional change, (b) reactions to threats to organizational status, and (c) temporary work relationships.
Maternal Parenting Styles, School Involvement, and Children's School Achievement and Conduct in Singapore.

This study examined the roles of children’s perceptions of maternal parenting styles (warmth, psychological control, and behavioral control) and maternal involvement in school-focused parenting practices (home-based involvement, home-school conferencing, and school-based involvement) predicting children’s school achievement and conduct in Singapore. Students (N = 712) in 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades completed questionnaires on their mothers’ parenting styles and school-focused parenting practices. Student achievement and conduct were assessed using achievement tests and conduct grades. Achievement was predicted by parenting styles (warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control) after adjusting for gender, grade, ethnicity, and maternal education. School-focused parenting practices predicted achievement and conduct after adjusting for parenting styles. Parenting styles moderated the relationships among parenting practices and achievement and conduct. Maternal warmth increased the relationship between maternal school-based involvement and children’s achievement. In addition, behavioral control increased the relationship between home-based involvement and appropriate school conduct. Gender and grade also moderated the relationships among parenting styles and school involvement and achievement. The relationship between warmth and achievement was stronger for girls than boys, whereas there was a stronger relationship between home-based school involvement and achievement for boys than for girls. Warmth predicted achievement in 3rd grade but not in the older grades. Overall, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that school-focused parenting practices predict achievement and conduct after adjusting for parenting styles and for the hypothesis that parenting styles moderate parenting practices.
SELF-INITIATED USE OF THOUGHT SUBSTITUTION CAN LEAD TO LONG TERM FORGETTING

Recent studies indicate that intentionally suppressing the retrieval of an unwanted memory can impair its later recall. However, it is not clear how long this intentional suppression effect persists. The aim of the current study was to investigate this question using a Think/No-Think paradigm. After participants studied pairs of unrelated words, the cue words from each pair were presented either 0, 4, or 12 times during the Think/No-Think phase of the experiment. Participants were asked to either avoid thinking of the word associated with the cue (Supression condition) or to recall it (Response condition). Participants were then asked to recall the cued words immediately and after a delay of 24 hours. Recall performance in the 12-cue No-Think condition was worse than in the baseline (0) condition, both immediately and 24 hours later. Moreover, the participants who thought about something other than the target during the No-Think trials showed poorer recall than those who did not do so. These results suggest that the effect of intentional suppression that occurs under conditions of self-initiated thought substitution can last for over 24 hours.
Reconviction: A critique and comparison of two main data sources in England and Wales

Purpose and method. Crime reduction is a central feature of the current Government Home policy. This incorporates a wide variety of initiatives from crime-prevention strategies to o Vending-behaviour programmes. One key performance indicator for assessing crime reduction is reconviction. This article critically analyses the two main sources of criminal history data held in England and Wales from which reconviction is determined: e rst, the O Venders Index (OI), which is accessible to independent researchers; and second, the National Identie cation Service (NIS), available for limited Home O Yce personnel. Criminal history data were compared for 134 sexual o Venders using both sources of data. Results. Overall, there was a poor correlation for o Vence-based criminal history summaries between the two data sources. Further analysis revealed that neither source appeared more reliable, with each source contributing unique and additional information. Sentencing occasion-based summaries, however, showed a strong relationship between the two sources. Five-year reconviction rates for the sample were highest using a combination OI and NIS data than reconviction rates using one source alone. Conclusions. There is no evidence in this study to suggest that the NIS is more reliable than OI. OI users are urged to use sentencing occasion summaries over oVence-based summaries for control group matching purposes as these data appear to be more consistent between the two sources. In the future, when researchers have access to both sources of data, it is recommended that they use a combination of data sets for assessing past criminal history and deriving risk of reconviction in order to provide a more complete picture. A sound knowledge of the limitations of the data source being used is essential for researchers.
Expanding the link between core self-evaluations and affective job attitudes

The present study examined the differentiated relationship between core self-evaluations and affective job attitudes. In previous research, job characteristics were proposed to mediate this relationship. However, the facets of the job characteristics model have not yet been assessed separately. In the present study we tested which job characteristics (i.e., skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) mediate the relationship between core self-evaluations and job satisfaction as well as organizational commitment in a sample of 199 employees. Results revealed that core self-evaluations were related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Task significance was found to mediate these relationships. These findings are discussed with respect to the level on which people regulate their actions.