Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new expectation for post-secondary librarians: faculty status, collective agreements, and the online evidence of teaching

The majority of librarians at Canadian post-secondary institutions have recently attained faculty status. However, the collective agreements of the faculty associations do not always explicitly state that librarian members participate in all three traditional faculty activities: teaching, scholarship, and service. This study focuses on the membership of the Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT), using qualifying member collective agreements and library websites. A qualitative approach is used to build upon the research first reported by Leckie and Brett (1995). Through description, analysis, and interpretation of data, I report that there is a disparity between what the collective agreements state regarding the teaching responsibilities of librarians and what the library websites advertise on behalf of teaching librarians. Three themes of library teaching emerge and two trends for collective agreements regarding postsecondary librarians teaching are considered.
Selective Phosphorylation of AMPA Receptor Contributes to the Network of Long-Term Potentiation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Phosphorylation of AMPA receptor GluA1 plays important roles in synaptic potentiation. Most previous studies have been performed in the hippocampus, while the roles of GluA1 phosphorylation in the cortex remain unknown. Here we investigated the involvement of the phosphorylation of GluA1 in the LTP in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using mice with a GluA1 knock-in mutation at the PKA phosphorylation site serine 845 (s845A) or CaMKII/PKC phosphorylation site serine 831 (s831A). The network LTP, which is constructed by multiple recordings of LTP at different locations within the ACC, was also investigated. We found that the expression of LTP and network LTP was significantly impaired in the s845A mice, but not in the s831A mice. By contrast, basal synaptic transmission and NMDA receptor-mediated responses were not affected. Furthermore, to uncover potential information under the current acquired data, a new method for reconstruction and better visualization of the signals was developed to observe the spatial localizations and dynamic temporal changes of fEPSP signals and multiple LTP responses within the ACC circuit. Our results provide strong evidence that PKA phosphorylation of the GluA1 is important for the network LTP expression in the ACC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previous studies have shown that PKA and PKC phosphorylation of AMPA receptor GluA1 plays critical roles in LTP in the hippocampus, while the roles of GluA1 phosphorylation in the cortex remain unknown. In the present study, by combining a 64-channel multielectrode system and a novel analysis and visualization method, we observed the accurate spatial localization and dynamic temporal changes of network fEPSP signals and LTP responses within the ACC circuit and found that PKA phosphorylation, but not PKC phosphorylation, of the GluA1 is required for LTP in the ACC.
Assessing International Mergers and Acquisitions as a Mode of Foreign Direct Investment

A major and long-standing focus of scholarly research in the international business area is the identification and evaluation of the determinants of the location of international production. Empirical studies are primarily carried out at the country and industry levels and generally concentrate on overall FDI flows without distinguishing among different modes of FDI. Empirical studies focusing on aggregated inward and outward FDI flows, especially at the country level, implicitly assume that the same factors motivate all modes of FDI. To the extent that this is not the case, many empirical studies of overall FDI flows may be misleading.
Promoting Multiple Policies to the Public: The Difficulties of Simultaneously Promoting War and Foreign Humanitarian Aid

To drum up support for the U.S. military's efforts abroad, government officials sometimes encourage U.S. residents to justify or excuse (morally disengage from) the resultant casualties. Although more disengaged U.S. residents are more supportive of war, two studies show that they are also less supportive of foreign humanitarian aid, particularly when American identity is salient and a more global identity, such as moral identity, is not. Study 1 reveals this effect when residents must choose between donating to a charity that benefits foreign civilians and donating to two other charities, one of which benefits U.S. soldiers. Study 2 shows that the effect holds when the opportunity to support foreign civilians appears in isolation, without reference to war or soldiers. Thus, U.S. residents who respond positively to war may exhibit less charitableness toward foreign civilians. For policy makers seeking to disburse foreign aid during war, these findings suggest that any effort to drum up support for war should be accompanied by a corresponding effort to maintain the U.S. public's goodwill toward foreign civilians.
The Asymmetric Relation between Initial Margin Requirements and Stock Market Volatility Across Bull and Bear Markets

Higher initial margin requirements are associated with lower subsequent stock market volatility during normal and bull periods, but show no relationship during bear periods. Higher margins are also negatively related to the conditional mean of stock returns, apparently because they reduce systemic risk. We conclude that a prudential rule for setting margins (or other regulatory restrictions) is to lower them in sharply declining markets in order to enhance liquidity and avoid a depyramiding effect in stock prices, but subsequently raise them and keep them at the higher level in order to prevent a future pyramiding effect. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
The relationship between trade openness and public expenditure. The spanish case, 1960-2000

The aim of this paper is to empirically determine whether there is a relation between trade openness and public expenditure in Spain using annual long-run data from 1960 to 2000, a period that has witnessed an accelerated process both of openness to the international markets of goods and services and of public sector growth. Results, based on the cointegration of Johansen, reveal a long-term relationship between public expenditure and both trade openness and several protection indicators. We complete our investigation with a robustness study and a stability analysis to check whether the aforementioned relationship is affected or not by structural changes.
Diabetes and outcome of community-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia: a 10-year population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes may carry a higher case fatality of invasive pneumococcal infection compared with nondiabetic patients due to decreased immunity, risk of metabolic derangement, or angiopathy. We conducted a population-based cohort study to assess the impact of diabetes on mortality within 90 days in patients with pneumococcal bacteremia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All patients with community-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia in North Jutland County, Denmark, from January 1992 to December 2001 were retrieved from the County Bacteremia Registry. Using civil registry numbers, patients with diabetes were identified by record linkage with the County Prescription Database (for antidiabetic drugs) and the County Hospital Discharge Registry. Mortality within 90 days was determined through the Central Population Registry. Mortality rates were compared for diabetic and nondiabetic patients and adjusted for sex, age, and comorbidity. RESULTS Among 628 patients aged >15 years with community-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia, 63 (10.0%) had diabetes. The diabetic patients were slightly older (median age 71.7 years) than the nondiabetic patients (67.0 years), and the proportion of patients with comorbidity was higher in the diabetic group (59 vs. 46%). Mortality in diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic patients was 11.1 vs. 16.5% after 30 days and 16.0 vs. 19.5% after 90 days, respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, and comorbidity, the mortality rate ratio for diabetic patients was 0.6 (95% CI 0.3-1.2) compared with the nondiabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients with community-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia appear not to have a higher case fatality than nondiabetic patients.
Senior Travelers and Airport Shopping: Deepening Repurchase Decision-making Theory

Despite the importance of the seniors market, little is known about international senior tourists' post-purchasing behaviors in the airport-shopping industry. The aims of this study were to attain a better comprehension of these customers' repurchase decision formation by employing a Theory of Repurchase Decision-making (TRD) and identify differences in the proposed theoretical framework between senior and non-senior travelers. A field survey was conducted to collect data at international airports. Results of a structural model showed that the TRD has an excellent ability to predict seniors' repurchase intentions; some variables in the model were found to have a significant mediating impact. Additionally, satisfaction was determined to play a prominent role in these decisions. Finally, findings from the test for metric invariance revealed that the proposed theoretical framework significantly differed across senior and non-senior tourist groups, verifying the moderating impact of age. Implications for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Existe-t-il des interactions fiscales stratégiques entre les collectivités locales

This paper aims to demonstrate empirically the existence of strategic tax interactions between the decisions of local authorities in the Nord-Pas de Calais region. Our approach consists in calculating the gradient of the best-response function linking the rate of local business tax in one commune with the different rates in rival authorities by means of a spatial autoregression model. We show that in some cases the hypothesis of tax interactions is confirmed; local authorities do not set their local business tax rate freely but are influenced by the choices of neighbouring communes, especially in urban areas of employment.
Examining Polish Market Mavens and Their Attitudes Toward Advertising

Abstract In this paper, we offer some insights about Polish consumers with varying levels of general marketplace expertise, their role in diffusing product information, and their views of advertising. Market mavens are consumers who exhibit heightened interestin and knowledge about the marketplace. Because of their interest in communicating with others about the many aspects of the marketplace, these consumers can play an integral role for companies interested in diffusing marketing information. Our study results indicate that market mavens do indeed exist in Poland and they exhibit similar characteristics to market mavens identified in the U.S. They have more favorable attitudes toward advertising than other consumers. Additionally, they consider advertising as an important source of product and social image information. Although Polish mavens are less critical of advertising being misleading and confusing, they are concerned about advertising promoting materialistic values. Our findings imply that firms doing business in Poland would be well advised to target market mavens because they pay attention to advertising, have favorable attitudes toward advertising, and like to talk about marketplace phenomena with others.
Expectation Errors, Uncertainty and Economic Activity

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between uncertainty and economic activity. For this purpose, we use a confidential firm level panel data set (Business Tendency Survey) from Turkey to form three uncertainty measures, namely total, idiosyncratic and aggregate uncertainty. In particular, we construct expectation errors of firms by comparing their survey responses about expectations and realizations on their production volume. Our results reveal countercyclical relationships between our uncertainty measures and economic activity. We further show that a one standard deviation increase in aggregate uncertainty is followed by a 0 : 5 percent decline in year-on-year change of industrial production on impact. The prolonged effect reaches more than 4 : 7 percent in a year for any of these three measures. In addition to the macroeconomic implications of uncertainty, we exploit the panel dimension of our data set to investigate the effects of firm specific uncertainty on that firm's investment decisions. Ordered probit estimation results show that if a firm makes more expectation errors -faces more uncertainty- it is more likely to defer investment plans even after controlling the aggregate uncertainty.
Crohn Disease in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever

Crohn disease and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are inflammatory diseases characterized by abdominal pain and fever. The concurrence of the 2 diseases (FMF-CD) may pose a challenge to diagnosis and treatment. We undertook the present study to determine the prevalence of Crohn disease in FMF and to characterize FMF-CD patients clinically and genetically. Using a computerized search, the patients of our FMF clinic were screened for a concomitant diagnosis of Crohn disease. Patients and their medical records were thoroughly examined, and their DNA was genotyped for mutations in the MEFV gene. Control groups of ethnically and sex-matched patients suffering from each of the diseases alone, either Crohn disease or FMF, were used for comparison. We identified 7 patients with concomitant Crohn disease and FMF, which is more than the expected prevalence in the general population (p = 0.03). Crohn disease presented at a significantly later age in the FMF-CD group (40.6 ± 10.0 yr versus 26.2 ± 11.4 yr; p < 0.004). Disease severity and other characteristics of Crohn disease were comparable to the Crohn disease control group. Contrary to the FMF control group patients, FMF in FMF-CD patients was characterized by a higher attack frequency (p < 0.05) and increased prevalence of amyloidosis (p < 0.02). The overall severity score was similar in both groups. In conclusion, Crohn disease appears to be more prevalent in FMF and presents later than in patients without FMF. FMF in this group of patients shows a higher attack frequency and is more often complicated by amyloidosis.
Investigating Connections Between Teacher Beliefs and Instructional Practices with Struggling Readers

This study examines and describes the changes in four teachers’ beliefs and practices in literacy and literacy assessment over the course of a yearlong graduate level clinical experience. Four teachers who worked in the university literacy clinic as part of their graduate course work participated in this study. Two of the four teachers teach elementary aged pupils in a public school, another serves as a reading resource educator at a public elementary school, and the fourth teaches high school-aged students at an alternative school associated with a public school. Findings indicate that teacher beliefs and their classroom instruction are often inconsistent due to a variety of variables such as the pressure to conform to a particular school philosophy and/or government mandates. In spite of these pressures the findings confirm that these teachers serve as the key evaluator of their students’ literacy development. Investigating Connections Between Teacher Beliefs and Instructional Practices with Struggling Readers Sherry W. Powers Cassie Zippay Western Kentucky University Brittany Butler Bowling Green Independent High School This study examines and describes the changes in four teachers' beliefs and practices in literacy and literacy assessment over the course of a yearlong graduate level clinical experience. Four teachers who worked in the university literacy clinic as part of their graduate course work participated in this study. Two of the four teachers teach elementaryaged pupils in a public school, another serves as a reading resource educator at a public elementary school, and the fourth teaches high school-aged students at an alternative school associated with a public school. Findings indicate that teacher beliefs and their classroom instruction are often inconsistent due to a variety ofvariables such as the pressure to conform to a particular school philosophy and/or government mandates. In spite of these pressures the findings confirm that these teachers serve as the key evaluator of their students' literacy
Internationalization Of Research And Development-Causes And Consequences For A Small Economy

Taking note of the importance of outward foreign direct investment for knowledge creation in small countries, the article analyses causes and consequences of the internationalization of R&D. Using firm-specific data on Swedish manufacturing and a selection bias corrected regression method, variation across firms in the share of foreign R&D is explained with needs to overcome transfer costs and with technical progress, while influence of intra-firm trade is refuted. Complementary examination of affiliate characteristics speaks against small countries losing their edge in knowledge creation and production.
Implementation of quality programmes in developing countries: A Fiji Islands case study

Quality systems and, in particular, total quality management (TQM), seek continuous improvement in the quality performance of all processes, products and services of an organization. While these ideas are not new in developed nations, there is little literature available on quality systems and TQM implementation in developing countries. This paper reports on the findings of quality systems and TQM implementation in a few developing countries and focuses on the key issues of quality programmes implementation in Fiji. Four Fijian companies were selected for this research study. They were in the telecommunications, manufacturing and shipping industries. The following issues were addressed: the implementation processes; the difficulties encountered; and the results achieved. Finally, this paper addresses the question of what lessons can be learned from the experience of these organizations.
New alleles of the wheat domestication gene Q reveal multiple roles in growth and reproductive development

The advantages of free threshing in wheat led to the selection of the domesticated Q allele, which is now present in almost all modern wheat varieties. Q and the pre-domestication allele, q, encode an AP2 transcription factor, with the domesticated allele conferring a free-threshing character and a subcompact (i.e. partially compact) inflorescence (spike). We demonstrate that mutations in the miR172 binding site of the Q gene are sufficient to increase transcript levels via a reduction in miRNA-dependent degradation, consistent with the conclusion that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the miRNA binding site of Q relative to q was essential in defining the modern Q allele. We describe novel gain- and loss-of-function alleles of Q and use these to define new roles for this gene in spike development. Q is required for the suppression of ‘sham ramification’, and increased Q expression can lead to the formation of ectopic florets and spikelets (specialized inflorescence branches that bear florets and grains), resulting in a deviation from the canonical spike and spikelet structures of domesticated wheat. Highlighted Article: New alleles of a wheat AP2 gene, Q, define new roles for Q in inflorescence architecture, including the formation and structure of grain-producing spikelets. See also Debernardi et al. in this issue.
A Nobel Prize for the Empirical Analysis of Asset Prices

Abstract The 2013 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics was awarded to Eugene Fama, Robert Shiller, and Lars Peter Hansen for their empirical analysis of asset prices. The paper reviews critically the work of the three economists and highlights the differing conclusions that the three researchers reached on the relatively narrow question of the rationality of individual investors. The paper argues that there is a time inconsistency in the idea that markets reveal information about the future and concludes that, despite the sophistication of their statistical analysis, the laureates have been unable to demonstrate how a sophisticated financial economy can produce their empirical results.
Non-unionised migrant workers in Britain: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey for a triple-challenge model

This article employs Labour Force Survey data, using logistic regression modelling, to help rectify the lack of systematic analyses specifically into socioeconomic correlates of migrant workers’ unionisation in Britain. The results provide evidence to assist the development of comprehensive explanations for the obstacles behind migrant workers’ unionisation. The impediments analysed can be considered within what one might call a triple-challenge model comprising of (1) encounter inputs: demographic factors brought into the host society and citizenry rights offered by the host society to migrant workers; (2) accentuated structural factors: workplace characteristics, flexible work and migrant workers’ disproportionate location in less unionised companies with flexible contracts; and (3) knock-on effects: educational and occupational influences along with the impacts of encounter inputs and accentuated structural factors on such influences.
Demobilization and Insecurity: A Study in the Economics of the Transition From War to Peace

Cross-section econometrics is used to investigate the effect of demobilization on crime in Uganda. The results show that in the short term demobilization significantly increased crime if soldiers lacked access to land, but significantly reduced it if they had access. Neither of these effects persisted. The paper also discusses the effect of demobilization on the security of the state.
Identifying how bacterial cells find their middle: a new perspective

Bacterial cell division begins with the polymerization of the FtsZ protein to form a Z ring at the division site. This ring subsequently recruits the division machinery to allow cytokinesis. How the Z ring is positioned correctly remains a challenging question in biology and our knowledge in this area has been restricted to a few model species. Spatial regulation of division in these bacteria has been considered to be negatively controlled, with Z rings assembling in the area of least inhibition: the cell centre. An article in this issue of Molecular Microbiology reports the discovery of a new protein in Myxococcus xanthus, called PomZ (Positioning at midcell of FtsZ), that is required for the efficient recruitment of the Z ring to the division site. PomZ is a member of the Mrp/Min family of P loop ATPases that includes a diverse range of proteins involved in spatial regulation in bacteria. PomZ is the first positive regulator of Z ring positioning to be identified in vegetatively growing bacterial cells. Positive spatial regulation of division has previously been observed during sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor and has been suggested to occur in Bacillus subtilis. Perhaps this will emerge as a common theme in the future.