Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innominosacral Dissociation: Mechanism of Injury as a Predictor of Resuscitation Requirements, Morbidity, and Mortality

Objectives: To assess mechanism of injury as a clinical course predictor in patients with complete anterior and posterior pelvic ring disruptions [innominosacral dissociation (ISD)]. Design: Retrospective review of radiographs and medical data. Setting: R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, Maryland, statewide trauma center. Patients: Forty-three patients with ISD were admitted to our institution between August 1986 and October 1991. Five patients were excluded because of incomplete medical records (4) or refusal of blood transfusion (1). Intervention: Injuries were grouped according to the Young classification: 18 anteroposterior compression (APC), 14 vertical shear (VS), and 6 other injuries. Main Outcome Measurements: The mean blood replacement requirements, incidence of multiple organ system failure, mortality rate, and length of hospital stay for each injury classification were comapared. Results: The mean ISS was 34, and the mean 24-hour packed red blood cell transfusion requirement was 12.6 units. Thirteen patients (34.4%) developed multisystem organ failure. Eight patients (21%) died. Patients in the APC group were more likely to require ≥ 10 units of blood (15/18, p = 0.001, and those in the VS group were more likely to receive <10 units (11/14, p = 0.0014). Multisystem organ failure occurred more frequently (11/18 versus 2/14; p < 0.005), mortality was significantly higher (39 versus 0%, respectively; p = 0.01), and mean hospital stay for survivors was longer (48 versus 27 days; p < 0.025) in the APC than in the VS group, respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that mechanism of injury is an important determinant of clinical behavior in patients with IDS, and that ISD secondary to the APS mechanism is associated with substantially greater resuscitation requirements, morbidity, and mortality than ISD secondary to the VS mechanism.
Interactions between cyclic AMP‐ and phorbol ester‐dependent phosphorylation systems in S49 mouse lymphoma cells

High‐resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins labeled with either 32Pi or [35S]methionine was used to study interactions between cyclic AMP and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) at the level of intracellular protein phosphorylation. Cultured S49 mouse lymphoma cells were used as a model system, and mutant sublines lacking either the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase or the guanyl nucleotide‐binding “Ns” factor of adenylate cyclase provided tools to probe mechanisms underlying the interactions observed. Three sets of phosphoproteins responded differently to TPA treatment of wild‐type and mutant cells: Phosphorylations shown previously ot be responsive to activation of intracellular cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase were stimulated by TPA in wild‐type cells but not in mutant cells, a subset of phosphorylations stimulated strongly by TPA in mutant cells was inhibited in wild‐type cells, and two novel phosphoprotein species appeared in response to TPA only in wild‐type cells. The latter two classes of TPA‐mediated responses specific to wild‐type cells could be evoked in adenylate cyclase‐deficient cells by treating concomitantly with TPA and either forskolin or an analog of cyclic AMP. Three conclusions are drawn from our results: (1) TPA stimulates adenylate cyclase in wild‐type cells causing increased phosphorylation of endogenous substrates by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase, (2) activated cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase inhibits phosphorylation (or enhances dephosphorylation) of a specific subset of TPA‐dependent phosphoproteins, and (3) cyclic AMP‐dependent events facilitate TPA‐dependent phosphorylation of some substrate proteins.
E-consumers against the Risk of a Failed Purchase

The last decade of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century have brought rapid development of information technology on a larger scale than ever before. The fact that computers have become more and more popular has been of great significance as its most important consequence is the creation of a global computer network – the Internet. As regards interpersonal communication, the Internet has proved to be a real revolution. It has quickly entered all areas of people’s life, including sale and purchase transactions. Year after year shopping on the Internet has become a more and more common method of purchasing various products, whereas the growing number of Polish people having access to the Internet has quickly increased the number of potential e-consumers1. More and more people notice numerous advantages of electronic trade such as low rates, wide range of products or the possibility of shopping from home. However, when compared to the traditional methods of sale, apart from its numerous advantages, electronic trade also has quite a few weaknesses. They are, for example, the fact that it is impossible to check the product before buying it or the lack of direct contact between the seller and the buyer. Therefore, e-consumers have to make purchasing decisions on the basis of very limited information, which in consequence, makes it more probable that the product bought will not meet their expectations or even disappoint them. In the situation when consumers
Using non-volatile memory to save energy in servers

Recent breakthroughs in circuit and process technology have enabled new usage models for non-volatile memory technologies such as flash and phase change RAM (PCRAM) in the general purpose computing environment. These technologies display high density and low power consumption as well as persistency that are appealing properties in a memory device. This paper summarizes our earlier work on improving NAND flash based disk caches and extends it to consider PCRAM. We first present the primary challenges in reliably managing non-volatile memories such as NAND flash, reviewing our past work on architectural support for flash manageability. We then provide a preliminary analysis of how our current flash manageability architecture may be simplified when we replace flash with PCRAM. Our evaluations on PCRAM shows a potential for more than a 65% throughput improvement for a disk-intensive database workload. Although more detailed studies are needed, we conclude that PCRAM is a strong contender to replace flash if it becomes cost-effective.
Some Effects of IMF Lending Programs in the MENA Countries

: The goal of this paper is to examine whether IMF lending programs in the MENA region lead international lenders to perceive lower lending risks and generate moral hazard as reflected in a shift in the maturity composition of international debt toward long-term debt flows. We find that IMF credit in general generated moral hazard in MENA after the IMF large-scale rescue package to Mexico. The goal of this paper is to examine whether the International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending programs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region lead, ceteris paribus , international lenders to perceive lower lending risks and generate moral hazard. Such moral hazard is reflected in a shift in the maturity composition of international debt toward long-term debt flows. The hypothesis we investigate is whether lenders’ perceptions about risk improve, tilting the maturity composition of lending in favor of long-term debt as the result of IMF total level of debt and economic fundamentals, that lending in general of in in
Psychological Profile of Sasang Typology: A Systematic Review

A systematic review of studies related to the psychological characteristics of Sasang types was conducted with the goal of delineating generalizable psychological profiles based on Sasang typology, a traditional Korean medical typology with medical herbs and acupuncture that is characterized as personalized medicine. Journal articles pertaining to Sasang typology were collected using five electronic database systems in Korea and in the USA. As a result, 64 potentially relevant studies were identified and 21 peer-reviewed research articles that employed psychometric inventories were included. Beginning with the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in 1992, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, NEO-Personality Inventory, Temperament and Character Inventory and other personality assessment tools were employed in the identified studies. Because data synthesis could not be carried out due to the heterogeneity of the studies, the present review article sought to delineate the mutual relevance of the studies based on research results pertaining to the correlation between the aforementioned psychological assessment instruments. Results of the review indicate that two super-factors, Extraversion and Neuroticism, serve as the foundation in regards to delineating personality constructs, such that the So-Yang type scored high on the Extraversion dimension and low on the Neuroticism dimension, while the So-Eum type scored low on the Extraversion dimension and high on the Neuroticism dimension. The present systematic review indicates that Sasang typology shares similarities with the Western psychological tradition.
Prenatal Iron Deficiency in Guinea Pigs Increases Locomotor Activity but Does Not Influence Learning and Memory

The objective of the current study was to determine whether prenatal iron deficiency induced during gestation in guinea pigs affected locomotor activity and learning and memory processes in the progeny. Dams were fed either iron-deficient anemic or iron-sufficient diets throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, all pups were fed an iron-sufficient diet. On postnatal day 24 and 40, the pups’ locomotor activity was observed within an open-field test, and from postnatal day 25 to 40, their learning and memory processes were assessed within a Morris Water Maze. The behavioural and cognitive tests revealed that the iron deficient pup group had increased locomotor activity, but solely on postnatal day 40, and that there were no group differences in the Morris Water Maze. In the general discussion, we propose that prenatal iron deficiency induces an increase in nervousness due to anxiety in the progeny, which, in the current study, resulted in an increase of locomotor activity.
Trust : Facilitator of Knowledge-sharing Culture

The culture of trust in the workplace has been shown to have a strong and robust influence that act as an important force behind the sharing of knowledge. In this study, using literature review, we had clearly identified trust as one of the key facilitator that influences the development and establishment of a knowledge-sharing culture. It is hope that the contributions from this study will support and encourage organisations in making decisions on taking a step forward in inculcating a knowledge-sharing culture that shares not only valuable knowledge but also new knowledge. This is partly due to the fact that organisations nowadays are still unaware of the potential benefit and impact of knowledge in making continuous organisational development and improvement.
Religion and the Everyday Ritual of Home Life: A Comparison of Higher and Lower Family Functioning Groups

RELIGION AND THE EVERYDAY RITUAL OF HOME LIFE: A COMPARISON OF HIGHER AND LOWER FAMILY FUNCTIONING GROUPS Rachel Wadsworth Loser Department of Marriage, Family, and Human Development Master of Science As scholarly interest in family religiosity has grown, scholars have called for a closer look at proximal measures of religiosity that are more connected to the individual and familial daily experience (Mahoney et al., 1999). The purpose of this paper is to explore in detail how religion and family religious rituals relate to, interface with, and affect the day-to-day activity of family life. It includes qualitative analysis of interviews with highly religious parents and children in 67 families that belong to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grounded theory was employed to analyze the data and a conceptual model was developed to illustrate how this particular sample experienced religious integration. Findings suggest that for this sample, religion was more than an external influence; it was viewed as an integral part of one’s individual, familial, structural, and social systems. This finding challenges traditional human ecological theory which suggests that religion is merely an external influence. Findings also indicate that religious rituals were viewed as being an important part of everyday life for the majority of this sample. Despite challenges of religious rituals, participants indicated that they experienced positive individual and familial outcomes when participating in family religious rituals. No negative outcomes were reported. Comparative analysis between participants in the higher and lower overall family functioning groups suggests that religious ritual properties and perceptions differed for these two groups. Those in the higher family functioning group mentioned more frequently that religious rituals were an enjoyable part of family life while those in the lower family functioning group mentioned more frequently they were motivated by a sense of duty to participate in these rituals. Other differences between these two groups are discussed. Though this sample allowed for a thick description of one particular culture to be produced, findings from this study cannot be generalized beyond highly religious LDS families. Despite limitations, the overwhelming perception that religious integration and religious rituals enhanced individual and family life has potentially far reaching implications. These findings should be strongly considered and applied to future research, clinical practice, and family life education.
Modeling past and future structure of the global virtual water trade network

Climate change and socio‐economic development place an increasing pressure on essential natural resources, such as arable land and freshwater. The international food trade can save water globally by redistributing commodities produced relatively more water‐efficiently. We focus on the global virtual water trade network associated with international staple food trade from 1986–2008. This study aims to determine which variables control the network's structure and temporal evolution, and to estimate changes in the network under future scenarios. Our fitness model reproduces both the topological and weighted characteristics of the network for the whole period. Undirected and directed network properties are well reproduced in each year, assuming as sole controls each nation's GDP, mean annual rainfall, agricultural area and population. The future structure of the network is estimated using climate and socio‐economic projections, showing that volumes of virtual water traded will become increasingly heterogeneous and the importance of dominant importing nations will further strengthen.
Intrinsic Noise of microRNA-Regulated Genes and the ceRNA Hypothesis

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate genes post-transciptionally by binding and degrading target eukaryotic mRNAs. We use a quantitative model to study gene regulation by inhibitory microRNAs and compare it to gene regulation by prokaryotic small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). Our model uses a combination of analytic techniques as well as computational simulations to calculate the mean-expression and noise profiles of genes regulated by both microRNAs and sRNAs. We find that despite very different molecular machinery and modes of action (catalytic vs stoichiometric), the mean expression levels and noise profiles of microRNA-regulated genes are almost identical to genes regulated by prokaryotic sRNAs. This behavior is extremely robust and persists across a wide range of biologically relevant parameters. We extend our model to study crosstalk between multiple mRNAs that are regulated by a single microRNA and show that noise is a sensitive measure of microRNA-mediated interaction between mRNAs. We conclude by discussing possible experimental strategies for uncovering the microRNA-mRNA interactions and testing the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis.
The value of the white precursor cell channel (WPC) on the Sysmex XN-1000 analyser in a specialist paediatric hospital

Background Historically, haematology analyser flags for abnormal white blood cells (WBCs) show good sensitivity but lower specificity, causing unnecessary blood film reviews. While the WBC differential channel on Sysmex XE and XN instruments reports a combined flag for blasts/abnormal lymphocytes, the new white precursor cell channel (WPC) on the XN series has been introduced to separate this into a specific flag for either cell type or, if no abnormality, remove the flag entirely. Aims To compare the efficiency of abnormal WBC flags from the XN WPC to our existing analyser and determine whether WPC can reduce false positive flags and blood films required. Methods Abnormal WBC flags from the Sysmex XE-5000 and XN-1000 were compared to manual differential and blood film morphology on 300 K2EDTA samples from infants and children. Results The XN WPC flag for blasts was more sensitive and specific than flags indicating blasts on the XE-5000, with a reduction in false positives from 64% (XE) to 36% (XN). Overall efficiency of the WPC flag for abnormal lymphocytes was 94% vs 79% on the XE. WPC reduced false positive flags for blasts and abnormal lymphocytes on neonatal samples by 50%. Automatic reflex analysis by WPC correctly removed a false positive flag from the white cell differential channel on 46% of samples. Total abnormal WBC flags from XN WPC were less (73) than the XE-5000 (92). Conclusions XN WPC demonstrated superior efficiency of abnormal WBC flags on paediatric samples, compared to the XE-5000, with greater sensitivity and specificity of flagging, reducing blood films for review.
Analysis of cloned structural and regulatory genes for carbohydrate utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO

Five of the genes required for phosphorylative catabolism of glucose in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were ordered on two different chromosomal fragments. Analysis of a previously isolated 6.0-kb EcoRI fragment containing three structural genes showed that the genes were present on a 4.6-kb fragment in the order glucose-binding protein (gltB)-glucokinase (glk)-6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (edd). Two genes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zwf) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase (eda), shown by transductional analysis to be linked to gltB and edd, were cloned on a separate 11-kb BamHI chromosomal DNA fragment and then subcloned and ordered on a 7-kb fragment. The 6.0-kb EcoRI fragment had been shown to complement a regulatory mutation, hexR, which caused noninducibility of four glucose catabolic enzymes. In this study, hexR was mapped coincident with edd. A second regulatory function, hexC, was cloned within a 0.6-kb fragment contiguous to the edd gene but containing none of the structural genes. The phenotypic effect of the hexC locus, when present on a multicopy plasmid, was elevated expression of glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase activities in the absence of inducer.
Ambiguity in Individual Choice and Market Environments: On the Importance of Comparative Ignorance

After Ellsberg’s thought experiments brought focus to the relevance of missing information for choice, extensive efforts have been made to understand ambiguity theoretically and empirically (Ellsberg 1961). Fox and Tversky (1995) make an important contribution to understanding behavioral responses to ambiguity. In an individual choice setting they demonstrate that an aversion to ambiguous lotteries arises only when a comparison to unambiguous lotteries is available. The current study advances this literature by exploring the importance of Fox and Tversky’s finding for market outcomes and finds support for their Comparative Ignorance Hypothesis in the market setting.
A New Pan-Sharpening Method With Deep Neural Networks

A deep neural network (DNN)-based new pansharpening method for the remote sensing image fusion problem is proposed in this letter. Research on representation learning suggests that the DNN can effectively model complex relationships between variables via the composition of several levels of nonlinearity. Inspired by this observation, a modified sparse denoising autoencoder (MSDA) algorithm is proposed to train the relationship between high-resolution (HR) and low-resolution (LR) image patches, which can be represented by the DNN. The HR/LR image patches only sample from the HR/LR panchromatic (PAN) images at hand, respectively, without requiring other training images. By connecting a series of MSDAs, we obtain a stacked MSDA (S-MSDA), which can effectively pretrain the DNN. Moreover, in order to better train the DNN, the entire DNN is again trained by a back-propagation algorithm after pretraining. Finally, assuming that the relationship between HR/LR multispectral (MS) image patches is the same as that between HR/LR PAN image patches, the HR MS image will be reconstructed from the observed LR MS image using the trained DNN. Comparative experimental results with several quality assessment indexes show that the proposed method outperforms other pan-sharpening methods in terms of visual perception and numerical measures.
Sex Bias Is Increasingly Prevalent in Preclinical Cardiovascular Research: Implications for Translational Medicine and Health Equity for Women: A Systematic Assessment of Leading Cardiovascular Journals Over a 10-Year Period.

Ensuring that women are adequately represented in clinical trials is recognized as essential for sex equity in health. However, the use of female animal models and sex-based reporting have not been equally enforced in preclinical stages of research, which often precede and inform clinical trials. In 2014, the National Institutes of Health announced that it would require that sex be considered as a biological variable in applications for preclinical research funding,1 yet a reluctance to include female animal models in preclinical experiments persists. Inappropriately inferring experimental findings to both sexes when a single sex is studied or when sex is not specified has the potential to disadvantage women by skewing our understanding of disease processes toward male-predominant patterns and by reducing the likelihood of female-specific therapeutics advancing to the clinical realm. We therefore systematically examined all preclinical cardiovascular studies published in American Heart Association journals with archives spanning at least 10 years ( Circulation , Circulation Research , Hypertension , Stroke , and Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology [ ATVB ]) for evidence of sex …
Attention!: How to Interrupt, Yell, Whisper, and Touch Consumers

THE POWER OF MARKETING IS ERODING.FROM LACK OF ATTENTION. What's Wrong with Yesterday's Marketing? What Marketers Need Today. GETTING ATTENTION IN A CROWDED ROOM: THE TECHNIQUES OF ATTENTION MECHANICS. Entering the Crowded Room. Interrupt Politely. Pay for It. Be Brief. Yell Occasionally. Whisper. Be Different. Touch. Tell a Story. Mingle. Network. Building a Networked Communications Plan. ATTENTION MECHANICS: HOW TO GET STARTED. The Tools of Attention Mechanics. Measurement. Conclusion. Notes. Acknowledgments. Index.