Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Stars Common to the IRAS and Hipparcos Surveys

For about 11,000 stars observed in the Hipparcos Survey and detected by IRAS, we calculate bolometric luminosities by integrating their spectral energy distributions from the B band to far-IR wavelengths. We present an analysis of the dependence of dust emission on spectral type and of the correlations between luminosity and dust emission for about 1000 sources with the best data (parallax error less than 30%; luminosity error ~50% or better). This subsample includes stars of all spectral types and is dominated by K and M giants. We use the IRAS [25]-[12] color to select stars with emission from circumstellar dust and show that they are found throughout the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, including on the main sequence. Clear evidence is found that M giants with dust emission have luminosities about 3 times larger (~3000 L☉) than their counterparts without dust and that mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch for both M and C stars requires a minimum luminosity of order 2000 L☉. Above this threshold the mass-loss rate seems to be independent of, or only weakly dependent on, luminosity. We also show that the mass-loss rate for these stars is larger than the core-mass growth rate, indicating that their evolution is dominated by mass loss.
A Load-balancing Scheme for Parallel Internet Forwarding Systems

By investigating the flow level characteristics of Internet trac, we are able to trace the root of load imbalance in hash-based load-splitting schemes. We show that workloads with Zipf-like distributions cannot be balanced using simple hashing. We have developed a novel packet scheduler that can achieve balanced load for parallel forwarding systems. Our scheduler capitalizes on the non-uniform flow reference pattern and especially the presence of a few high-rate flows in typical Internet trac mix. We show that detecting and scheduling these flows is very eective in balancing workloads among network processors. Since the number of high-rate flows is small, reassigning them to dierent processors causes the least disruption to the states of the processors, and reorders fewer packets within individual network flows. Our ideas are validated by simulation results.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Bandwidth Maps for Geo-Predictive Video Streaming in Mobile Environments

High quality video streaming is increasingly popular among mobile users especially with the rise of high speed LTE networks. But despite the high network capacity of LTE, streaming videos may suffer from disruptions since the quality of the video depends on the network bandwidth, which in turn depends on the location of the user with respect to their cell tower, crowd levels, and objects like buildings and trees. Maintaining a good video playback experience becomes even more challenging if the user is moving fast in a vehicle, the location is changing rapidly and the available bandwidth fluctuates. In this paper we introduce GeoStream, a video streaming system that relies on the use of geostatistics to analyze spatio-temporal bandwidth. Data measured from users' streaming videos while they are commuting is collected in order to predict future bandwidth availability in unknown locations. Our approach investigates and leverages the relationship between the separation distance between sample bandwidth points, the time they were captured, and the semivariance, expressed by a variogram plot, to finally predict the future bandwidth at unknown locations. Using the datasets from GTube our experimental results show an improved performance.
Tiliacora triandra, an Anti-Intoxication Plant, Improves Memory Impairment, Neurodegeneration, Cholinergic Function, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus of Ethanol Dependence Rats

Oxidative stress plays an important role in brain dysfunctions induced by alcohol. Since less therapeutic agent against cognitive deficit and brain damage induced by chronic alcohol consumption is less available, we aimed to assess the effect of Tiliacora triandra extract, a plant possessing antioxidant activity, on memory impairment, neuron density, cholinergic function, and oxidative stress in hippocampus of alcoholic rats. Male Wistar rats were induced ethanol dependence condition by semivoluntary intake of alcohol for 15 weeks. Alcoholic rats were orally given T. triandra at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg−1BW for 14 days. Memory assessment was performed every 7 days while neuron density, activities of AChE, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and, MDA level in hippocampus were assessed at the end of study. Interestingly, the extract mitigated the increased escape latency, AChE and MDA level. The extract also mitigated the decreased retention time, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities, and neurons density in hippocampus induced by alcohol. These data suggested that the extract improved memory deficit in alcoholic rats partly via the decreased oxidative stress and the suppression of AChE. Therefore, T. triandra is the potential reagent for treating brain dysfunction induced by alcohol. However, further researches are necessary to understand the detail mechanism and possible active ingredient.
On the relation between accuracy and fairness in binary classification

Our study revisits the problem of accuracy-fairness tradeoff in binary classification. We argue that comparison of non-discriminatory classifiers needs to account for different rates of positive predictions, otherwise conclusions about performance may be misleading, because accuracy and discrimination of naive baselines on the same dataset vary with different rates of positive predictions. We provide methodological recommendations for sound comparison of non-discriminatory classifiers, and present a brief theoretical and empirical analysis of tradeoffs between accuracy and non-discrimination.
On the use of convolutional neural networks for graphical model-based human pose estimation

The recent application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to Human Pose Estimation (HPE) from static images have improved estimation accuracy compared to traditional HPE approaches. In particular, a recent novel HPE approach combines a traditional graphical model with CNNs to result in state-of-the-art HPE accuracy, improving the estimation accuracy compared to using either approach alone. However, the accuracy of the CNN used in the hybrid model has not yet been explored, and this paper evaluates the use of CNNs in the hybrid model through investigating different network configurations and fine-tuning the network using pre-trained weights obtained from a large labeled dataset. The proposed CNN configurations not only improve the accuracy of the existing network by up to 2% but also uses fewer parameters, resulting in a higher HPE accuracy and simpler network structure.
Heterogeneous Immunogenicity Restricted Peptide Ligands with - Class II Structure-Based Design of Altered MHC

L. TopalianRosenberg, Donald F. Hunt, Roy A. Mariuzza and Suzanne Ferdynand Kos, John Sidney, Alessandro Sette, Steven A.McMiller, A. Michelle English, Jeffrey Shabanowitz, Shuming Chen, Yili Li, Florence R. Depontieu, Tracee L.http://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/10/5097doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300467October 2013;J Immunol€2013; 191:5097-5106; Prepublished online 9Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/191/10/5097.full#ref-list-1This article cites 62 articles, 24 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
How does orthographic learning happen

Word recognition develops with such remarkable speed that, by the end of eighth grade, we expect children learning to read English to know and recognize over 80,000 words (Adams, 1990). At a basic level, beginning readers must establish a system of mappings or correspondences between the letters or graphemes of written words and the phonemes of spoken words (Ehri, 1992), and it is generally thought that this alphabetic decoding system is underpinned by phonological skills To become an accurate and efficient reader of the English language, however, children need to do more than assemble or decode pronunciations on the basis of spelling-sound mappings. They need to acquire a rapid and flexible word-recognition system that embodies knowledge of both the regularities and the irregularities of the English orthography. While it is clear that the development of skilled word recognition requires more than the mastery of alphabetic decoding, we know very little about exactly what is required beyond this, and how this is achieved. An advanced stage of reading development beyond the alphabetic stage, often referred to as the orthographic stage (e.g. Frith, 1985), is typically represented in developmental theories of reading acquisition, but such a stage tends to be pos-ited, rather than described in terms of exactly how it is reached. Andrews and Scarratt (1996, p. 141) sum up the issue nicely: The existing literature provides little insight into exactly what is required for development of an optimal expert strategy for word identification in reading. The outcome of making the transition to this stage of development is assumed to be an " autonomous lexicon " (Share, 1995) which allows " automatic word identification " , but how does that happen? What changes in the representations or processes underlying reading behaviour to afford these outcomes? In this chapter, we attempt to answer some of these questions. We label the process by which children move from decoding alphabetically to reading via
The Influence of the Autoimmunity-Associated Ancestral HLA Haplotype AH8.1 on the Human Gut Microbiota: A Cross-Sectional Study

Multiple immune-related genes are encoded in the HLA complex on chromosome 6p21. The 8.1 ancestral haplotype (AH8.1) include the classical HLA alleles HLA-B*08:01 and HLA-DRB1*03:01, and has been associated with a large number of autoimmune diseases, but the underlying mechanisms for this association are largely unknown. Given the recently established links between the gut microbiota and inflammatory diseases, we hypothesized that the AH8.1 influences the host gut microbial community composition. To study this further, healthy individuals were selected from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry and categorized as either I. AH8.1 homozygote (n=34), II. AH8.1 heterozygote (n=38), III. Non AH8.1 heterozygote or IV. HLA-DRB1 homozygote but non AH8.1 (n=15). Bacterial DNA from stool samples were subjected to sequencing of the V3–V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene on the 454 Life Sciences platform and data analyzed using Mothur and QIIME. The results showed that the abundances of different taxa were highly variable within all pre-defined AH8.1 genotype groups. Using univariate non-parametric statistics, there were no differences regarding alpha or beta diversity between AH8.1 carriers (categories I and II) and non-carriers (categories III and IV), however four different taxa (Prevotellaceae, Clostridium XVIII, Coprococcus, Enterorhabdus) had nominally significant lower abundances in AH8.1 carriers than non-carriers. After including possible confounders in a multivariate linear regression, only the two latter genera remained significantly associated. In conclusion, the overall contribution of the AH8.1 haplotype to the variation in gut microbiota profile of stool in the present study was small.
ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF STELLAR MASSES IN GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST GALAXIES

We analyze Spitzer images of 30 long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies. We estimate their total stellar masses (M⋆) based on the rest-frame K-band luminosities () and constrain their star formation rates (SFRs; not corrected for dust extinction) based on the rest-frame UV continua. Further, we compute a mean = 0.45 M☉/L☉. We find that the hosts are low M⋆, star-forming systems. The median M⋆ in our sample (〈M⋆〉 = 109.7 M☉) is lower than that of “field” galaxies (e.g., Gemini Deep Deep Survey). The range spanned by M⋆ is 107 M☉ < M⋆ < 1011 M☉, while the range spanned by the dust-uncorrected UV SFR is 10−2 M☉ yr−1 < SFR < 10 M☉ yr−1. There is no evidence for intrinsic evolution in the distribution of M⋆ with redshift. We show that extinction by dust must be present in at least 25% of the GRB hosts in our sample and suggest that this is a way to reconcile our finding of a relatively lower UV-based, specific SFR (ϕ ≡ SFR/M⋆) with previous claims that GRBs have some of the highest ϕ values. We also examine the effect that the inability to resolve the star-forming regions in the hosts has on ϕ.
edcc : An R Package for the Economic Design of the Control Chart

The basic purpose of the economic design of the control charts is to find the optimum control charts parameters to minimize the process cost. In this paper, an R package, edcc (economic design of control charts), which provides a numerical method to find the optimum chart parameters is presented using the unified approach of the economic design. Also, some examples are given to illustrate how to use this package. The types of the control chart available in the edcc package are X̄, CUSUM (cumulative sum), and EWMA (exponentially-weighted moving average) control charts.
The Rationale for Post-Operative Radiation in Localized Bladder Cancer

Local-regional recurrence for patients with ≥pT3 disease after radical cystectomy is a significant problem. Chemotherapy has not been shown to reduce the risk of local-regional recurrences in randomized prospective trials, and salvage therapies for local-regional failure are rarely successful. There is promising evidence, particularly from a recent Egyptian NCI trial, that radiation therapy plus chemotherapy can significantly reduce local recurrences compared to chemotherapy alone, and that this improvement in local-regional control may translate to meaningful improvements in disease-free and overall survival with acceptable toxicity. In light of the high rates of local failure following cystectomy for locally advanced disease and the progress that has been made in identifying patients at high risk of failure and the patterns of failure in the pelvis, the NCCN guidelines were revised in 2016 to include post-operative radiotherapy as an option to consider for patients with ≥pT3 disease. Despite advances in our understanding of the problem of local-regional failure after cystectomy and the potential role of adjuvant radiotherapy, the question of whether adjuvant radiotherapy should have a defined role for patients with locally advanced urothelial carcinoma has not yet been determined. The results of the NRG, European, Indian, and Egyptian trials on adjuvant radiotherapy are eagerly awaited. While none of these trials on their own may provide definitive conclusions, their aggregate outcomes will help clarify whether this treatment should have a role in the management of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer.
Comparative Cytochrome P450 In Vitro Inhibition by Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs

The goal of this study was to assess in human liver microsomes the inhibitory capacity of commonly used antipsychotics on the most prominent CYP450 drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A). Chlorpromazine was the only antipsychotic that inhibited CYP1A2 activity (IC50 = 9.5 μM), whilst levomepromazine, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine significantly decreased CYP2D6-mediated formation of 1′-hydroxybufuralol (IC50 range, 3.5–25.5 μM). Olanzapine inhibited CYP3A-catalyzed production of 1′, and 4′-hydroxymidazolam (IC50 = 14.65 and 42.20 μM, resp.). In contrast, risperidone (IC50 = 20.7 μM) and levomepromazine (IC50 = 30 μM) showed selectivity towards the inhibition of midazolam 1′-hydroxylation reaction, and haloperidol did so towards 4′-hydroxylation (IC50 of 2.76 μM). Thioridazine displayed a K i of 1.75 μM and an inhibitory potency of 1.57 on CYP2D6, suggesting a potential to induce in vivo interactions. However, with this exception, and given the observed K i values, the potential of the assayed antipsychotics to produce clinically significant inhibitions of CYP450 isoforms in vivo seems limited.
Flared Disks and Silicate Emission in Young Brown Dwarfs

We present mid-infrared photometry of three very young brown dwarfs located in the ρ Ophiuchi star-forming region—GY 5, GY 11, and GY 310—obtained with the Subaru 8 m telescope. All three sources were detected at 8.6 and 11.7 μm, confirming the presence of significant mid-infrared excess arising from optically thick dusty disks. The spectral energy distributions of both GY 310 and GY 11 exhibit strong evidence of flared disks; flat disks can be ruled out for these two brown dwarfs. The data for GY 5 show large scatter and are marginally consistent with both flared and flat configurations. Inner holes a few substellar radii in size are indicated in all three cases (and especially in GY 11), in agreement with magnetospheric accretion models. Finally, our 9.7 μm flux for GY 310 implies silicate emission from small grains on the disk surface (although the data do not completely preclude larger grains with no silicate feature). Our results demonstrate that disks around young substellar objects are analogous to those girdling classical T Tauri stars and that they exhibit a similar range of disk geometries and dust properties.
Frequent Inactivation of Cysteine Dioxygenase Type 1 Contributes to Survival of Breast Cancer Cells and Resistance to Anthracyclines

Purpose: Genome-wide DNA methylation analyses have identified hundreds of candidate DNA-hypermethylated genes in cancer. Comprehensive functional analyses provide an understanding of the biologic significance of this vast amount of DNA methylation data that may allow the determination of key epigenetic events associated with tumorigenesis. Experimental Design: To study mechanisms of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) inactivation and its functional significance in breast cancer in a comprehensive manner, we screened for DNA methylation and gene mutations in primary breast cancers and analyzed growth, survival, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in breast cancer cells with restored CDO1 function in the context of anthracycline treatment. Results: DNA methylation-associated silencing of CDO1 in breast cancer is frequent (60%), cancer specific, and correlates with disease progression and outcome. CDO1 function can alternatively be silenced by repressive chromatin, and we describe protein-damaging missense mutations in 7% of tumors without DNA methylation. Restoration of CDO1 function in breast cancer cells increases levels of ROS and leads to reduced viability and growth, as well as sensitization to anthracycline treatment. Priming with 5-azacytidine of breast cancer cells with epigenetically silenced CDO1 resulted in restored expression and increased sensitivity to anthracyclines. Conclusion: We report that silencing of CDO1 is a critical epigenetic event that contributes to the survival of oxidative-stressed breast cancer cells through increased detoxification of ROS and thus leads to the resistance to ROS-generating chemotherapeutics including anthracyclines. Our study shows the importance of CDO1 inactivation in breast cancer and its clinical potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target to overcome resistance to anthracyclines. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3201–11. ©2013 AACR.
Bayesian Implementable Efficient and Core Allocations

I examine the implementation of core allocations when agents are differently informed. A one state deviation principle (an allocation cannot be improved at any state) and measurability restrictions (blocking allocations may only be measurable with respect to each agent’s private information) are sufficient to yield interim core solutions that are Bayesian implementable. Private measurability of blocking allocations is necessary for implementation. Similar results hold for interim efficiency. However, the results cannot be extended to exclusive information environments.
3-D Symbolization of Planar and Linear Fabric Elements using surfboards as an Aid to the Analysis of Geological Structures

The digital capture and management of primary field observations has expanded the potential to represent site-specific geological information in a more intuitive manner, ultimately optimizing the interpretation of map-related geological field observations. In structural mapping, for example, the geometry and kinematics of large-scale structures needs to be reconstructed from local measurements and observations of linear and planar fabric elements. The traditional methods for fabric representations are inherently restrictive because they do not allow simultaneous representation of the orientation and nature of the fabric with respect to the structural level of observation. In this paper, we present a 3-D visualization method for rock fabric that overcomes these limitations. Planar (S) fabric elements are represented as the flat portion of a 3-D ellipsoid or surfboard symbol according to their strike/dip attributes. The associated linear (L) fabric elements are represented by the elongation direction of the surfboard, thus reflecting the pitch of the linear element in the fabric plane. The resulting composite linear-planar fabric (LS) representation is positioned in 3-D-space according to its location in (x, y, z) space. By adjusting the principal axis of the surfboard, variations in the shape of the elements can be used as an additional symbolization of the strain-state of the fabric, ranging from pure L to L > S, S > L to pure S fabrics. Various colour mappings of the surfboard can be used to indicate the degree of co-planarity between lineations and planar fabric orientations. This 3-D visualization of LS fabrics aids in first-order interpretation of regional scale ductile structures, such as thrusts and low-angle detachment faults. An application is presented from the Mulhacen metamorphic complex of the Internal Zone of the Betic Cordillera, SE Spain demonstrating the 3-D fabric visualization method. This method facilitates recognition of variations in lineation trends with respect to the structural level within a ductile nappe structure and subsequent overprinting deformation events. The approach is considered relevant to all other applications where local field-based measurements and descriptions are fundamental to the reconstruction of macro-scale geologic processes. Recent developments in mobile computing, which enhances the seamless data transfer to 3-D geographic information systems supports this method for 3-D visualization of primary field observations. * International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, Hengelosestraat 99 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands, email: Schetselaar @itc.nl ** Geological Survey of Canada, 615 Booth St. Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0E9, email: edekemp@nrcan.gc. ca