Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in inpatient psychosomatic rehabilitation: pathological worry and the impact of depressive symptoms

Objective: Pathological worry is considered to be a defining feature for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) is an instrument for assessing pathological worry. Two earlier studies demonstrated the suitability of the PSWQ as screening instrument for GAD in outpatient and non-clinical samples. This study examined the suitability of the PSWQ as a screening instrument for GAD in a German inpatient sample (N=237). Furthermore, a comparison of patients with GAD and patients with depression and other anxiety disorders regarding pathological worry and depression was carried out in a sub-sample of N=118 patients. Method: Cut-off scores optimizing sensitivity, optimizing specificity and simultaneously optimizing both sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the PSWQ score by receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). Differences regarding pathological worry and depression measured by the PSWQ and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) across five diagnostic subgroups were examined by conducting one-way ANOVAs. The influence of depression on pathological worry was controlled by conducting an ANCOVA with BDI score as a covariate. Results: The ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of AUC=. 67 (p=0.02) with only 54.4% of the patients correctly classified. Comparison of diagnostic subgroups showed that after controlling the influence of depression, differences referring to pathological worry between diagnostic subgroups no longer existed. Conclusions: Contrary to the earlier results we found that the use of the PSWQ as a screening instrument for GAD at least in a sample of psychotherapy inpatients is not meaningful. Instead of that, the PSWQ can be used to discriminate high from low worriers in clinical samples. Thus, the instrument can be useful in establishing e.g. symptom-oriented group interventions as they are established in behavioural-medicine inpatient settings. Furthermore, our findings stress the influence of (comorbid) depressive symptoms on the process of worrying.
Theoretical Analysis of an Optical Accelerometer Based on Resonant Optical Tunneling Effect

Acceleration is a significant parameter for monitoring the status of a given objects. This paper presents a novel linear acceleration sensor that functions via a unique physical mechanism, the resonant optical tunneling effect (ROTE). The accelerometer consists of a fixed frame, two elastic cantilevers, and a major cylindrical mass comprised of a resonant cavity that is separated by two air tunneling gaps in the middle. The performance of the proposed sensor was analyzed with a simplified mathematical model, and simulated using finite element modeling. The simulation results showed that the optical Q factor and the sensitivity of the accelerometer reach up to 8.857 × 107 and 9 pm/g, respectively. The linear measurement range of the device is ±130 g. The work bandwidth obtained is located in 10–1500 Hz. The results of this study provide useful guidelines to improve measurement range and resolution of integrated optical acceleration sensors.
Subthreshold oscillation of the membrane potential in magnocellular neurones of the rat supraoptic nucleus

1 Electrophysiological properties and ionic basis of subthreshold oscillation of the membrane potential were examined in 104 magnocellular neurones of the rat supraoptic nucleus using intracellular recording techniques in a brain slice preparation. 2 Subthreshold oscillation of the membrane potential occurring in all neurones examined was voltage dependent. Oscillation was initiated 7‐12 mV negative to the threshold of fast action potentials. Oscillation was the result of neither excitatory nor inhibitory synaptic activity nor of electric coupling. 3 Frequency analyses revealed a broad band frequency distribution of subthreshold oscillation waves (range 10‐70 Hz). The frequency band of 15‐33 Hz was observed in neurones depolarized close to the threshold of discharge. 4 Subthreshold oscillation was blocked by TTX (1.25‐2.5 μM) as well as by TEA (15 mM). Subthreshold oscillation was not blocked by low Ca2+‐high Mg2+ superfusate, CdCl2, TEA (1‐4.5 mM), 4‐aminopyridine, apamin, charybdotoxin, iberiotoxin, BaCl2, carbachol and CsCl. 5 During application of TTX, stronger depolarization induced high‐threshold oscillation of the membrane potential at a threshold of about ‐32 mV. These oscillation waves occurred at a mean frequency of about 35 Hz and were blocked by CdCl2. 6 Effects of ion channel antagonists suggest that subthreshold oscillation is generated by the interaction of a subthreshold sodium current and a subthreshold potassium current. The generation of high‐threshold oscillation during TTX involves a high‐threshold calcium current. 7 Subthreshold oscillation of the membrane potential may be important for the inter‐neuronal synchronization of discharge and for the amplification of synaptic events.
Microsatellite DNA Suggests that Group Size Affects Sex‐Biased Dispersal Patterns in Red Colobus Monkeys

Dispersal is a major life history trait of social organisms influencing the behavioral and genetic structure of their groups. Unfortunately, primate dispersal is difficult to quantify, because of the rarity of these events and our inability to ascertain if individuals dispersed or died when they disappear. Socioecological models have been partially developed to understand the ecological causes of different dispersal systems and their social consequences. However, these models have yielded confusing results when applied to folivores. The folivorous red colobus monkey (Procolobus rufomitratus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda is thought to exhibit female‐biased dispersal, although both sexes have been observed to disperse and there remains considerable debate over the selective pressures favoring the transfers of males and females and the causes of variation in the proportion of each sex to leave the natal group. We circumvent this problem by using microsatellite DNA data to investigate the prediction that female dispersal will be more frequent in larger groups as compared to smaller ones. The rationale for this prediction is that red colobus exhibit increased within‐group competition in bigger groups, which should favor higher female dispersal rates and ultimately lower female relatedness. Genetic data from two unequally sized neighboring groups of red colobus demonstrate increased female relatedness within the smaller group, suggesting females are less likely to disperse when there is less within‐group competition. We suggest that the dispersal system is mediated to some degree by scramble competition and group size. Since red colobus group sizes have increased throughout Kibale by over 50% in the last decade, these changes may have major implications for the genetic structure and ultimately the population viability of this endangered primate. Am. J. Primatol. 75:478‐490, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corneal penetration of topical and subconjunctival bevacizumab.

PURPOSE To investigate the ability of bevacizumab to penetrate the cornea after topical application or subconjunctival injection. METHODS Bevacizumab 1% was topically applied three times a day to the corneas of mice (BALB/c) with intact corneas (n = 14), and with corneal neovascularization (n = 14). Animals were euthanized at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours, and 2, 4, and 7 days for immunohistochemical analyses. Donkey anti-human IgG labeled with Cy3 was used for bevacizumab immunoreactivity detection. Additionally, one-time topical bevacizumab 1% was tested in corneas with denuded epithelium (n = 16). In another group (n = 16), a single dose of 0.5 mg bevacizumab was injected subconjunctivally. Animals were euthanized at 1, 6, and 24 hours, and 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days for immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS Bevacizumab was barely detected beyond the very superficial layer of the corneal epithelium in mice with intact corneas even after 7 days of topical administration. Application of bevacizumab in mice with corneal neovascularization; however, showed variable penetration into the corneal stroma. Experimentation with single application of topical bevacizumab in corneas with denuded epithelium or subconjunctivally injected bevacizumab showed intense staining for bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS Topically applied bevacizumab has limited capacity to penetrate the corneas with intact epithelium. However, bevacizumab can penetrate the neovascularized cornea after topical application. This study demonstrates that subconjunctivally injected bevacizumab in eyes with an intact cornea penetrates well into the corneal stroma.
Is Lumpy Investment Really Irrelevant for the Business Cycle

New-Keynesian (NK) models can only account for the dynamic effects of monetary policy shocks if it is assumed that aggregate capital accumulation is much smoother than it would be the case under frictionless firm-level investment, as discussed in Woodford (2003, Ch. 5). We find that lumpy investment, when combined with price stickiness and market power of firms, can rationalize this assumption. Our main result is in stark contrast with the conclusions obtained by Thomas (2002) in the context of a real business cycle (RBC) model. We use our model to explain the economic mechanism behind this difference in the predictions of RBC and NK theory.
Cathepsin S Is Required for Murine Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Pathogenesis1

Because presentation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) peptides to T cells is critical to the development of myasthenia gravis, we examined the role of cathepsin S (Cat S) in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) induced by AChR immunization. Compared with wild type, Cat S null mice were markedly resistant to the development of EAMG, and showed reduced T and B cell responses to AChR. Cat S null mice immunized with immunodominant AChR peptides showed weak responses, indicating failed peptide presentation accounted for autoimmune resistance. A Cat S inhibitor suppressed in vitro IFN-γ production by lymph node cells from AChR-immunized, DR3-bearing transgenic mice. Because Cat S null mice are not severely immunocompromised, Cat S inhibitors could be tested for their therapeutic potential in EAMG.
I need time!: Exploring pathways to compliance under institutional complexity

In this study, we examined responses to institutional complexity by analyzing when and how organizations respond to a coercive institutional demand from a powerful constituent when other important constituents do not accept the demand as legitimate. We experimentally manipulated institutional complexity and gauged the time to compliance of 100 childcare managers in the Netherlands, and then asked them to describe and explain their anticipated responses to multiple pressures. We found that institutional complexity leads decision makers to delay compliance, but usually not passively: decision makers used the time before compliance to attempt to reduce institutional complexity by neutralizing opposing pressures, challenging the coercive pressure, adapting the practice to suit opponents and their own personal beliefs, and/or waiting to see how the situation would unfold as multiple parties influenced one another. We found two factors influenced decision makers' choice of responses: (1) their interpretation of institutional complexity and (2) their personal beliefs toward the practice itself. Our findings contribute to an emerging understanding of how decision makers interpret and respond to institutional complexity, and thus complement recent studies in the institutional complexity literature
Stromal Bed Thickness Measurement During Laser in Situ Keratomileusis Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare repeatability and agreement of stromal bed thickness (SBT) measurements with intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). Methods: The SBT was measured in 14 eyes of 14 patients during femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Intraoperative SD-OCT was positioned on the eye to acquire images after creation of LASIK flaps. Patients were then asked to sit in front of a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for measurements. Subsequently, LASIK flaps were lifted and SBT was measured with USP. Three readings were obtained with each instrument. Repeatability of measurements was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and reproducibility coefficient (RC). Results: ICC and RC values of SBT measurements were 0.98 and 8.7 &mgr;m, 0.99 and 7.1 &mgr;m, and 0.99 and 6.9 &mgr;m, respectively, for SD-OCT, SS-OCT, and USP. There were no significant differences in the RC between the devices. The ICCs for agreement of SBT measurement were 0.97 between SD-OCT and SS-OCT, 0.8 between SD-OCT and USP, and 0.8 between SS-OCT and USP. The 95% limits of agreement of SBT measurements were −13.1 to 8.8 &mgr;m between SD-OCT and SS-OCT, −48.7 to 31.4 &mgr;m between SD-OCT and USP, and −42.8 to 29.8 &mgr;m between SS-OCT and USP. Conclusions: SBT measurements obtained with intraoperative SD-OCT, SS-OCT, and USP were highly repeatable. Optical coherence tomography may be used as a potential noncontact device for corneal thickness assessment during LASIK. However, optical coherence tomography tends to underestimate the SBT compared with USP, and these measurements may not be used interchangeably.
Asthma management preceding an emergency department visit.

BACKGROUND The burden of illness from asthma in North America has not decreased despite advancements in understanding disease pathogenesis and improved pharmacotherapeutics. This study examined the adequacy of preventive measures applied to asthma. METHODS Using a standardized self-administered questionnaire, 111 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department because of asthma were surveyed about their "usual" level of disability from asthma, usual medications, self-management plans to deal with an asthma attack, and environmental control measures. RESULTS Twenty-five percent of subjects suffered sleep disturbance more than 15 days per month, had work/school attendance affected more than 14 days per year, and previously visited an emergency department twice in the past year. Thirty-seven percent had no effective plans to deal with an attack and another 32% had plans that were never discussed with a physician. Although 78% reported that cigarette smoke aggravated their asthma, one third of these were exposed at home. CONCLUSIONS For a significant proportion of adults requiring emergency health services for asthma, preexisting management was poor by current standards. We recommend that patients be screened by emergency physicians and those with identifiable inadequacies in usual care be referred to physicians with expertise in asthma management.
Holistic Entity Clustering for Linked Data

Pairwise link discovery approaches for the Web of Data do not scale to many sources thereby limiting the potential for data integration. We thus propose a holistic approach for linking many data sources based on a clustering of entities representing the same real-world object. Our clustering approach utilizes existing links and can deal with entities of different semantic types. The approach is able to identify errors in existing links and can find numerous additional links. An initial evaluation on real-world linked data shows the effectiveness of the proposed holistic entity matching.
Consciousness and emotional facial expression recognition: subliminal/supraliminal stimulation effect on N200 and P300 ERPs

Abstract. In this study we analyze whether facial expression recognition is marked by specific event-related potential (ERP) correlates and whether conscious and unconscious elaboration of emotional facial stimuli are qualitatively different processes. ERPs elicited by supraliminal and subliminal (10 ms) stimuli were recorded when subjects were viewing emotional facial expressions of four emotions or neutral stimuli. Two ERP effects (N2 and P3) were analyzed in terms of their peak amplitude and latency variations. An emotional specificity was observed for the negative deflection N2, whereas P3 was not affected by the content of the stimulus (emotional or neutral). Unaware information processing proved to be quite similar to aware processing in terms of peak morphology but not of latency. A major result of this research was that unconscious stimulation produced a more delayed peak variation than conscious stimulation did. Also, a more posterior distribution of the ERP was found for N2 as a function of emot.
Comparative evaluation of analgesic and operative t echniques for amputation of horn in buffaloes

The buffaloes suffering with affections of horn and warranted horn amputation were divided as Standard method of horn amputation with and without sedation and modified method of horn amputation with and without sedation were grouped into I, II, III and IV respec tively. The common pain symptoms like restlessness, twitching of ears, shak ing of head, bruxism, rubbing against fixed objects, pawing at the affect ed site and evading the affected site were observed in horn affections. The pain symptoms and pain score index were more pronounced in the horn cancer and standard method of horn amputation without sedation when compared to the other affections and groups. Elevated physiological parameters and l eucocytosis was noticed in all the groups up to 3 rd and 5 th postoperative day respectively. A significant increase in plasma cortisol and C-react ive protein levels was observed up to 3 rd postoperative day in groups I, II and III; whereas in group IV it was observed only up to 1 st postoperative day. The modified method of horn amputation with sedation proved to b e best, due to its advantages like ease of flap rising, less duration of operation and less stress in terms of low plasma cortisol and C-reactive prot ein levels. The disadvantage of other groups includes more stress a nd more duration of operative procedure.
Estradiol Stimulates Capillary Formation by Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Role of Estrogen Receptor-&agr;/&bgr;, Heme Oxygenase 1, and Tyrosine Kinase

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair damaged endothelium and promote capillary formation, processes involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Because estradiol augments vascular repair, we hypothesize that estradiol increases EPC proliferation and capillary formation via RTK activation and induction of HO-1. Physiological concentrations of estradiol (10 nmol/L) increased EPC-induced capillary sprout and lumen formation in matrigel/fibrin/collagen systems. Propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT; 100 nmol/L; estrogen receptor [ER]-&agr; agonist), but not diarylpropionitrile (ER-&bgr; agonist), mimicked the stimulatory effects of estradiol on capillary formation, and methyl-piperidino-pyrazole (ER-&agr; antagonist) abolished the effects of estradiol and PPT. Three different RTK activators (vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and stromal derived growth factor 1) mimicked the capillary-stimulating effects of estradiol and PPT. SU5416 (RTK inhibitor) blocked the stimulatory effects of estradiol and PPT on capillary formation. Estradiol increased HO-1 expression by 2- to 3-fold, an effect blocked by SU5416, and PPT mimicked the effects of estradiol on HO-1. The ability of estradiol to enhance capillary formation, increase expression of HO-1, and augment phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2, Akt, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 was mimicked by its cell-impermeable analog BSA estradiol. Actinomycin (transcription inhibitor) did not alter the effects of estradiol on RTK activity or vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. We conclude that estradiol via ER-&agr; promotes EPC-mediated capillary formation by a mechanism that involves nongenomic activation of RTKs and HO-1 activation. Estradiol in particular and ER-&agr; agonists in general may promote healing of injured vascular beds by promoting EPC activity leading to more rapid endothelial recovery and capillary formation after injury.
Corruption and Culture: A Relationship Comparison Between 996 and 2004

Culture can facilitate, but sometimes can also impede corruption. This study investigates the relation between culture and corruption by partially replicating the work of Husted (1999), who used data from 1996 and found that uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and power distance have a high correlation with corruption. However, this study, using data from 2004, concludes that only high power distance and collectivism are positively related to high-perceived corruption.
Early postnatal ataxia and abnormal cerebellar development in mice lacking Xeroderma pigmentosum Group A and Cockayne Syndrome Group B DNA repair genes

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne syndrome (CS) are rare autosomal recessive disorders associated with a defect in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway required for the removal of DNA damage induced by UV light and distorting chemical adducts. Although progressive neurological dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of CS and of some groups of XP patients, the causative mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that mice lacking both the XPA (XP-group A) and CSB (CS-group B) genes in contrast to the single mutants display severe growth retardation, ataxia, and motor dysfunction during early postnatal development. Their cerebella are hypoplastic and showed impaired foliation and stunted Purkinje cell dendrites. Reduced neurogenesis and increased apoptotic cell death occur in the cerebellar external granular layer. These findings suggest that XPA and CSB have additive roles in the mouse nervous system and support a crucial role for these genes in normal brain development.
A Case Study of the Partnership Schools Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) Model

This case study reports the feasibility of the Partnership Schools Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) model for school improvement in a Title I elementary school. Interviews were conducted and documents were collected for 3 years to study whether and how the school implemented key policy attributes—specificity, consistency, authority, power, and stability—that have explained the successful implementation of other CSR programs. The data also identified if and how the school implemented essential elements of teamwork, leadership, action plans, implemented activities, evaluation, and networking, which have explained improvements in programs of family and community involvement. With the implementation of the model, the case study school increased the number of families involved in students’ education at school and at home. Longitudinal achievement test scores showed that the CSR school improved the percentage of students attaining proficiency by state standards compared to schools that were matched, one each, for math, reading, and writing. The CSR school also closed its gap in test scores with the district as a whole, despite the fact that the district included several schools in more affluent neighborhoods with higher test scores in the base year. The study revealed a new factor for program development, transitioning, which extends the existing frameworks on program implementation by requiring plans and decisions about continuing a program or parts of it before the end of the CSR grant.