Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Maximum-Hamming-Distance-Based Approach to Code Construction for Trellis-Coded Quantization

A thorough description of trellis-coded quantization as a nearly-optimal source coding system is presented. Trel liscoded quantizers couple traditional quantization techniques with finite state machines to build effective high dimensional ve ctor quantizers. In a trellis-coded quantizer, each transition of the related finite state machine is labeled, by means of a convolu tional code, with one of the sub-codebooks obtained by partitionin g a single extended codebook. Traditional design approaches take advantage of the duality of trellis-coded quantization with trelliscoded modulation, and are then based on the same empirically found convolutional codes. This paper presents a novel appr oach to construct effective trellis-coded quantizers, which takes advantage of maximum-Hamming-distance convolutional codes. Th e objective is to describe a new design technique rather than introduce coding systems with highly improved performance. Nevertheless, examples are presented to illustrate the per fo mance of the proposed trellis-coded quantizers, and they ar e shown to slightly outperform the trellis-coded quantizers found in the literature.
Advantages of Nonlinear-Programming-Based Methodologies for Inequality Path-Constrained Optimal Control Problems - A Numerical Study

We address some advantages of nonlinear programming (NLP)-based methods for inequality path-constrained optimal control problems. The analysis is carried out on the differential algebraic equation (DAE)-constrained optimization problem presented in [J. T. Betts and S. L. Campbell, Discretize Then Optimize, Technical report M&CT-TECH-03-01, The Boeing Company, Chicago, IL, 2003], which relates to a one-dimensional transient heat conduction problem. This optimal control problem possesses the essential characteristics of a typical inequality path-constrained optimal control problem. In a DAE-constrained optimization setting, the index of the path constraint can be arbitrarily increased, and this facilitates the study of the effect of the index of a path constraint on the solution obtained by using an NLP-based methodology. We show that the direct transcription approach leads to a problem whose limiting behavior does not satisfy the linear independence constraint qualification but satisfies the weaker Mangasa.
THE LARGE-SCALE COSMIC-RAY ANISOTROPY AS OBSERVED WITH MILAGRO

Results are presented of a harmonic analysis of the large-scale cosmic-ray (CR) anisotropy as observed by the Milagro observatory. We show a two-dimensional display of the sidereal anisotropy projections in right ascension (R.A.) generated by the fitting of three harmonics to 18 separate declination bands. The Milagro observatory is a water Cherenkov detector located in the Jemez mountains near Los Alamos, New Mexico. With a high duty cycle and large field of view, Milagro is an excellent instrument for measuring this anisotropy with high sensitivity at TeV energies. The analysis is conducted using a seven-year data sample consisting of more than 95 billion events, the largest such data set in existence. We observe an anisotropy with a magnitude around 0.1% for CRs with a median energy of 6 TeV. The dominant feature is a deficit region of depth (2.49 ± 0.02 stat. ± 0.09 sys.) ×10−3 in the direction of the Galactic north pole centered at 189 deg R.A. We observe a steady increase in the magnitude of the signal over seven years.
Take Their Word for It: The Symbolic Role of Linguistic Style Matches in User Communities

User communities are increasingly becoming an essential element of companies' business processes. However, reaping the benefits of such social systems does not always prove effective, often because companies fail to stimulate members' collaboration continuously or neglect their social integration. Following communication accommodation theory, the authors posit that members' communication style alignment symbolically reflects their community identification and affects subsequent participation behavior. This research uses text mining to extract the linguistic style properties of 74,246 members' posts across 37 user communities. Two mixed multilevel Poisson regression models show that when members' linguistic style matches with the conventional community style, it signals their community identification and affects their participation quantity and quality. Drawing on an expanded view of organizational identification, the authors consider dynamics in members' social identification by examining trends and reversals in linguistic style match developments. Whereas a stronger trend of alignment leads to greater participation quantity and quality, frequent reversals suggest lower participation quantity. At a community level, greater synchronicity in the linguistic style across all community members fosters individual members' participation behavior.
Types and patterns of safety concerns in home care: staff perspectives.

BACKGROUND Quality health care in the home is dependent on having a safe environment to provide care. This analysis is based on the data from a larger study aimed at understanding key issues in the delivery and receipt of home support services from the perspectives of home support workers (HSWs), older adult clients and family members. This analysis focuses on HSWs perspectives of safety. OBJECTIVE To explore the types and patterns of safety concerns staff encountered in home care settings. DESIGN In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with HSWs. The analysis included topic and analytical coding of workers' verbatim accounts. SETTING Interviews were completed in British Columbia, Canada. PARTICIPANTS A total of 115 HSWs participated. The average age was 50 years, and the average tenure in this sector was 11.5 years. Fully, 71% of workers had completed at least some college-level education, and 69% of workers were born outside of Canada. RESULTS Workers identified four types of safety concerns: physical, spatial, interpersonal and temporal. We developed a conceptual model of HSW safety that demonstrates the: types of safety concerns; the multi-dimensional and intersectional nature of safety concerns and the factors that intensify or mitigate safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies numerous HSW safety concerns, each requiring tailored interventions and strategies. Where multiple concerns intersect, the complexity and precarious nature of the home care workspace is revealed. The identification of mitigating and intensifying factors points to future interventions.
A Pulsed Neural Network With On-Chip Learning and Its Practical Applications

This paper proposes a new model for the pulsed neural network. In this model, the information is coded in terms of firing times of pulses that are generated by the neuron. The pulses transmit through the network and excite the dynamics of the neuron. Their synchronism is utilized to design the architecture of the neural network such that it acts as a radial basis function (RBF) network. A new network-learning algorithm is also developed for this pulsed RBF network. The RBF neurons are generated based on the feature of the training data, and the synaptic delays can be adjusted to distribute these RBF neurons in the training data space. The pulse neural network has been implemented compactly with multiplierless approach for both the forward computation and learning algorithm with a field programmable gate array board. As an application demonstration, it is extended to a nonlinear look-up table and applied to estimate the friction occurs in a precision linear stage
Severe 2009 A/H1N1v influenza in pregnant women in Spain*

Objectives:To describe the severity of the 2009 influenza A/H1N1v illness among pregnant women admitted to Spanish intensive care units. Design and Patients:Prospective, observational, multicenter study conducted in 148 Spanish intensive care units. We reviewed demographic and clinical data from the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine database reported from April 23, 2009, to February 15, 2010. We included women of reproductive age (15–44 yrs) with confirmed A/H1N1v infection admitted to intensive care units. Main Results:Two hundred thirty-four women of reproductive age were admitted to intensive care units, 50 (21.4%) of them pregnant. Seven deaths were recorded in pregnant and 22 in nonpregnant women. Among intensive care unit admissions, there were no statistically significant differences between pregnant women and nonpregnant in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, chest x-rays, inotrope requirement, or need for mechanical ventilation or steroid therapy. Mortality risk was significantly associated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and obesity. Viral pneumonia was more frequent in pregnant women than in nonpregnant women, with an odds ratio (adjusted for asthma, time from onset influenza symptoms to hospital admission and obesity) of 4.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–17.2). The development of primary viral pneumonia in women of reproductive age appeared to be related to the time of commencement of antiviral treatment, the lowest rates being reported with initiation of antiviral therapy within 48 hrs of symptom onset (63.6% vs. 82.6%, p = .03). However, antiviral therapy was started within this time span in only 14% of pregnant women. Conclusions:More than 20% of women of reproductive age admitted to intensive care unit for pH1N1 infection were pregnant. Pregnancy was significantly associated with primary viral pneumonia. Pregnant women should receive prompt treatment with oseltamivir within 48 hrs of the onset of influenza symptoms.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF COMBINED BLIND/NON-BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION ALGORITHMS

Source separation is becoming increasingly important in acoustical applications for spatial filtering. In the absence of any known source signals (blind case), a blind update equation similar to the natural gradient method [1] is presented, a derivative of which can be used in the case of known references (non-blind case). If some, but not all, source signals are known, blind-only algorithms are suboptimal, since some available information is not exploited. To overcome this problem, non-blind separation techniques can be incorporated. For the instantaneous mixing case (no time delays, no convolution), two different ways of combining blind and non-blind source separation methods are shown, namely an echo cancellertype and an equalizer-like approach. Simulations allow a comparison of the convergence time of both structures versus the convergence time of the blind-only case and clearly demonstrate the benefit of using combined blind/non-blind separation techniques.
FAT10/Diubiquitin-Like Protein-Deficient Mice Exhibit Minimal Phenotypic Differences

ABSTRACT The FAT10 gene encodes a diubiquitin-like protein containing two tandem head-to-tail ubiquitin-like domains. There is a high degree of similarity between murine and human FAT10 sequences at both the mRNA and protein levels. In various cell lines, FAT10 expression was shown to be induced by gamma interferon or by tumor necrosis factor alpha. In addition, FAT10 expression was found to be up-regulated in some Epstein-Barr virus-infected B-cell lines, in activated dendritic cells, and in several epithelial tumors. However, forced expression of FAT10 in cultured cells was also found to produce apoptotic cell death. Overall, these findings suggest that FAT10 may modulate cellular growth or cellular viability. Here we describe the steps to generate, by genetic targeting, a FAT10 gene knockout mouse model. The FAT10 knockout homozygous mice are viable and fertile. No gross lesions or obvious histological differences were found in these mutated mice. Examination of lymphocyte populations from spleen, thymus, and bone marrow did not reveal any abnormalities. However, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the lymphocytes of FAT10 knockout mice were, on average, more prone to spontaneous apoptotic death. Physiologically, these mice demonstrated a high level of sensitivity toward endotoxin challenge. These findings indicate that FAT10 may function as a survival factor.
Endovascular embolization of superior hypophyseal artery aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE Internal carotid artery aneurysms arising from the superior hypophyseal artery are frequently termed paraophthalmic or paraclinoid aneurysms, but they constitute a distinct anatomic entity. They are particularly amenable to endovascular treatment. METHODS Between 1991 and 1995, we attempted treatment in 11 patients with superior hypophyseal artery aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coil embolization and were successful in 10. Surgical exploration in seven of the patients was unsuccessful, three patients were considered to be at high risk for surgery or to have poor likelihood of surgical success by the referring neurosurgeon, and one patient refused operative clipping. Two aneurysms were giant (> 25 mm), three were large (10-25 mm), and six were small (< 10 mm). Of the six small aneurysms, two had wide necks (> 4 mm) and four had narrow necks (< or = 4 mm). RESULTS There were no technical or clinical complications related to embolization. Immediate complete aneurysm obliteration was obtained in five aneurysms, all of which were small. Four of the remaining five aneurysms had obliteration of the dome and body, leaving only a small remnant neck. The remaining semifusiform aneurysm represented our single treatment failure. Recanalization occurred in only one patient; that patient had a giant aneurysm. Nine of the 10 patients for whom embolization was successful had good or excellent clinical outcomes; there were no clinical deteriorations attributable to embolization. CONCLUSION We conclude that Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of superior hypophyseal artery aneurysms is an excellent treatment alternative, especially for smaller lesions.
Numerical simulation of pressure and velocity profiles in kneading elements of a co‐rotating twin screw extruder

The objective of this work is to validate, via comparison with available experimental data, the results obtained from the numerical simulation of polymer melt flow in the kneading disc section of an intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder. A quasi-steady state 3-D solution of the conservation equations via the finite element method was obtained, and comparisons were made with experimental pressure profiles measured by McCullough and Hilton (1) on various kneading block elements. These measurements helped provide understanding of the flow patterns developed within the unit and provided a comprehensive approach of validating the numerical model. Results confirm the importance of a fully 3-D model for this type of geometry, where the model predicts the development of flow patterns in the radial directions and within the intermeshing region. The influence of inlet and outlet boundary conditions was studied and it was determined that they play an important role in the physical significance of the model solution. Comparisons of the simulation results with experimental data by McCullough and Hilton (1) for two different configurations of kneading discs showed good agreement, with some differences in the peaks of pressure produced at the narrow clearances encountered in intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruders. Differences between simulation and experiments are attributed to a number of factors. It is difficult to measure the very steep pressure gradients generated over small lengths. The assumptions of isothermal flow and quasi-steady state may cause an over-prediction of the pressure peaks. Simulation results describe the general trends and produce good quantitative agreement in most of the kneading disc region.
Involvement of the Left Supramarginal Gyrus in Manipulation Judgment Tasks: Contributions to Theories of Tool Use

Abstract Objectives: Two theories of tool use, namely the gesture engram and the technical reasoning theories, make distinct predictions about the involvement of the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) in manipulation judgement tasks. The objective here is to test these alternative predictions based on previous studies on manipulation judgment tasks using transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) targeting the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Methods: We review recent TMS studies on manipulation judgement tasks and confront these data with predictions made by both tool use theories. Results: The left SMG is a highly intertwined region, organized following several functionally distinct areas and TMS may have disrupted a cortical network involved in the ability to use tools rather than only one functional area supporting manipulation knowledge. Moreover, manipulation judgement tasks may be impaired following virtual lesions outside the IPL. Conclusions: These data are more in line with the technical reasoning hypothesis, which assumes that the left IPL does not store manipulation knowledge per se. (JINS, 2017, 23, 685–691)
Laser Intensity Scaling through Stimulated Scattering in Optical Fibers

Abstract : The influence of stimulated scattering on laser intensity in fiber optic waveguides is examined. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in long, multimode optical waveguides is found to generate a Stokes beam that propagates in the fiber LP01 mode. Additionally, the same process is found to combine multiple laser beams into a single spatially coherent source. Limitations in beam cleanup and combining are also investigated to identify ways to overcome them. The last portion of the dissertation theoretically examines suppression of stimulated Raman scattering in fibers to eliminate the restriction this imposes on the power of a fiber laser or amplifier. The suppression was modeled using both a holmium dopant and adding a long period grating to the fiber. Both methods were shown to have a significant effect on the SRS threshold.
Microwave Accelerated Green Synthesis of Stable Silver Nanoparticles with Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity on Clinical Isolates

A simple and rapid microwave assisted method of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus globulus(ELE), and their antibacterial and antibiofilm potential investigated. With this aim, the aqueous solutions of ELE and AgNO3(1 mM) were mixed (1:4 v/v), and microwave irradiated at 2450 Mhz, for 30 sec. The instant color change of the ELE-AgNO3 mixture from pale yellow to dark brown indicated ELE-AgNPs synthesis. The intensity of peak at 428 nm in UV-Vis spectra, due to the surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs, varied with the amount of ELE, AgNO3 concentration, pH and time of incubation. The biosynthesized ELE-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, FTIR and TGA analyses. The size of ELE-AgNPs was determined to be in range of 1.9–4.3 nm and 5-25 nm, with and without microwave treatment, respectively. SEM exhibited the capping of AgNPs with the ELE constituents, and validated by FTIR analysis. The FTIR data revealed the presence of plant organic constituents and metabolites bound to ELE-AgNPs, which contributes for their stability. The antimicrobial activity of ELE-AgNPs was assessed by growth and biofilm inhibition of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) clinical bacterial isolates. The results demonstrated that S. aureus were more sensitive to ELE-AgNPs than E. coli and P. aeruginosa. MRSA exhibited higher sensitive than MSSA, whereas P. aeruginosa were more sensitive than E. coli to ELE-AgNPs treatment. Also, significant (83 ± 3% and 84 ± 5%) biofilm inhibition was observed in case of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The results elucidated environmentally friendly, economical and quick method for production of colloidal bio-functionalized ELE-AgNPs, for effectual clinical applications, as broad spectrum antibacterial agents and biofilm inhibitors.
Constructions of behaviour observation schemes in software testing

Software testing is a process in which a software system's dynamic behaviours are observed and analysed so that the system's properties can be inferred from the information revealed by test executions. While the existing theories of software testing might be adequate in describing the testing of sequential systems, they are not capable to describe the testing of concurrent systems that can exhibit different behaviours on the same test case due to non-determinism and concurrency. In our previous work, we proposed a theoretical framework that provides a unified foundation to study all testing methods for both sequential and concurrent systems. The main results of the framework include a formal definition of the notion and a set of the desirable properties of an observation scheme. In this paper, we provide several constructions of observation schemes that have direct implications in current software testing practice. We also study the properties of the constructions.
Intelligent Hybrid Approach for Android Malware Detection based on Permissions and API Calls

Android malware is rapidly becoming a potential threat to users. The number of Android malware is growing exponentially; they become significantly sophisticated and cause potential financial and information losses for users. Hence, there is a need for effective and efficient techniques to detect the Android malware applications. This paper proposes an intelligent hybrid approach for Android malware detection using the permissions and API calls in the Android application. The proposed approach consists of two steps. The first step involves finding the most significant permissions and Application Programming Interfaces (API) calls that leads to efficient discrimination between the malware and good ware applications. For this purpose, two features selection algorithms, Information Gain (IG) and Pearson CorrCoef (PC) are employed to rank the individual permissions and API’s calls based on their importance for classification. In the second step, the proposed new hybrid approach for Android malware detection based on the combination of the Adaptive neural fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), is employed to differentiate between the malware and goodware Android applications (apps). The PSO is intelligently utilized to optimize the ANFIS parameters by tuning its membership functions to generate reliable and more precise fuzzy rules for Android apps classification. Using a dataset consists of 250 goodware and 250 malware apps collected from different recourse, the conducted experiments show that the suggested method for Android malware detection is effective and achieved an accuracy of 89%.
Mixed Effects of Distractor Tasks on Incubation

Many experiments have tested the effect of distracting activities during an incubation period between a variety of main tasks, but no stable pattern of results has emerged. In the present paper, we propose a clarification and re-interpretation of the effect of distracting activities on incubation using a well-established cognitive model -the CLARION cognitive architecture. The resulting predictions are tested in a human experiment. The results confirmed our predictions, which suggests that incubation is a diverse phenomenon, involving diverse cognitive processes. Hence, distracting activities can have different effects on incubation depending on the task used to assess the presence of incubation.