Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short circuit behavior of the Bi-mode Insulated Gate Transistor (BIGT)

The BIGT is a Reverse Conducting IGBT device which combines functionality of a high power IGBT and fast diode on a single chip. In this paper, an investigation of the IGBT mode short circuit performance of the BIGT is carried out. The behavior of the BIGT under IGBT mode short circuit conditions is illustrated by measurements on a 3.3kV 1500A HiPak1 module and then supported by circuit and detailed device physics simulations. The short circuit conditions of type II and type III are discussed, with the variations introduced due to the gate control of the BIGT when operated in reverse conducting mode. Comparison to standard IGBTs with Soft-Punch-Through (SPT) technology in a HiPak2 module is also provided.
Understanding IOS adoption processes in a first-tier automotive supplier company: An application of the theory of IOS adoption motivation

The IOS Adoption Motivation (IAM) model is a theoretical framework that relates organisational motivations for IOS adoption to IOS adoption processes. The IAM model which was tested in the Australian pharmaceutical industry however requires additional validation. We have thus applied the IAM model to understand IOS adoption processes of a supplier that operates in the Australian automotive industry. Interesting variations in the IOS adoption processes between two stages of EDI adoption were observed which are explained in terms of the model. The findings provide broad support for the IAM model, and will be useful to IT managers responsible for managing IOS.
Infinity-norm sphere-decoding

The most promising approaches for efficient detection in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems are based on sphere-decoding (SD). The conventional (and optimum) norm that is used to conduct the tree traversal step in SD is the l2-norm. It was, however, recently shown that using the linfin-norm instead significantly reduces the VLSI implementation complexity of SD at only a marginal performance loss. These savings are due to a reduction in the length of the critical path and the silicon area of the circuit, but also, as observed previously through simulation results, a consequence of a reduction in the computational (algorithmic) complexity. The aim of this paper is an analytical performance and computational complexity analysis of linfin-norm SD. For i.i. d. Rayleigh fading MIMO channels, we show that linfin-norm SD achieves full diversity order with an asymptotic SNR gap, compared to l2-norm SD, that increases at most linearly in the number of receive antennas. Moreover, we provide a closed-form expression for the computational complexity of linfin-norm SD.
Colonic Migrating Motor Complexes, High Amplitude Propagating Contractions, Neural Reflexes and the Importance of Neuronal and Mucosal Serotonin

The colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC) is a critical neurally mediated rhythmic propulsive contraction observed in the large intestine of many mammals. It seems to be equivalent to the high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) in humans. This review focuses on the probable neural mechanisms involved in producing the CMMC or HAPC, their likely dependence on mucosal and neuronal serotonin and pacemaker insterstitial cells of Cajal networks and how intrinsic neural reflexes affect them. Discussed is the possibility that myenteric 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons are not only involved in tonic inhibition of the colon, but are also involved in generating the CMMC and modulation of the entire enteric nervous system, including coupling motility to secretion and blood flow. Mucosal 5-HT appears to be important for the initiation and effective propagation of CMMCs, although this mechanism is a longstanding controversy since the 1950s, which we will address. We argue that the slow apparent propagation of the CMMC/HAPC down the colon is unlikely to result from a slowly conducting wave front of neural activity, but more likely because of an interaction between ascending excitatory and descending (serotonergic) inhibitory neural pathways interacting both within the myenteric plexus and at the level of the muscle. That is, CMMC/HAPC propagation appears to be similar to esophageal peristalsis. The suppression of inhibitory (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) motor neurons and mucosal 5-HT release by an upregulation of prostaglandins has important implications in a number of gastrointestinal disorders, especially slow transit constipation.
Dissociations within nondeclarative memory in Huntington's disease.

Patients with Huntington's Disease (HD) were tested on 2 tasks, probabilistic classification learning and artificial grammar learning. Both tasks are performed normally by amnesic patients and are considered to be independent of declarative memory. Patients with HD were severely impaired in probabilistic learning but performed normally in artificial grammar learning. The probabilistic classification task may be akin to habit-learning tasks that depend on the neostriatum, whereas artificial grammar learning may depend on changes within neocortex similar to what is thought to occur in perceptual priming. The deficit in the probabilistic classification task indicates that impaired nondeclarative learning in patients with HD occurs not only in motor tasks but also in nondeclarative learning tasks that have no motor component. Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited progressive neurological disorder that is characterized by involuntary, choreiform movements, affective disturbance, and progressive cognitive and functional decline. The primary neuropathology
Influences of Neural Pathway Integrity on Children's Response to Reading Instruction

As the education field moves toward using responsiveness to intervention to identify students with disabilities, an important question is the degree to which this classification can be connected to a student's neurobiological characteristics. A few functional neuroimaging studies have reported a relationship between activation and response to instruction; however, whether a similar correlation exists with white matter (WM) is not clear. To investigate this issue, we acquired high angular resolution diffusion images from a group of first grade children who differed in their levels of responsiveness to a year-long reading intervention. Using probabilistic tractography, we calculated the strength of WM connections among nine cortical regions of interest and correlated these estimates with participants’ scores on four standardized reading measures. We found eight significant correlations, four of which were connections between the insular cortex and angular gyrus. In each of the correlations, a relationship with children's response to intervention was evident.
Screening of a Point Charge : A Fixed-Node Di usion Monte

We study the static screening in a Hubbard-like model using xed-node diiusion Monte Carlo. We nd that the random phase approximation is surprisingly accurate even for metallic systems close to the Mott transition. As a speciic application we discuss the implications of the eecient screening for the supercon-ductivity in the doped Fullerenes. In the Monte Carlo calculations we use trial functions with two Gutzwiller-type parameters. To deal with such trial functions, we introduce a method for eeciently optimizing the Gutzwiller parameters, both in variational and in xed-node diiusion Monte Carlo.
The extent of stock theft in South Africa

Agriculture is one of the cornerstones in any country's economy. Therefore, the different crimes committed within the rural agricultural communities need to be researched as they impact on the economy and food security of the country. The importance of crimes committed in the rural areas of South Africa is neglected by researchers in the field of humanities and related research areas. In South Africa, livestock theft is the only crime committed on farms which is indicated separately within the National Crime Statistics. Irrespective, the crime is neglected by researchers and the extent of the crime is not comprehended within the criminal justice system or the academia This article will attempt to explore the extent of stock theft in South Africa by focusing on the number of cases reported, livestock stolen and the differences in theft of specific livestock species and the economic impact of crime on agriculture. The article will not deal with any crime theories related to the crime as it is regarded as a separate research topic. It is believed that by elevating the extent of stock theft to a platform where academics studying criminal justice in South Africa take cognisance of the crime, that the social impact on all communities, rural or urban, could then become a research topic.
Eclipsing binaries observed with the WIRE satellite. II. beta Aurigae and non-linear limb darkening

Aims. We present the most precise light curve ever obtained of a detached eclipsing binary star and use it investigate the inclusion of non-linear limb darkening laws in light curve models of eclipsing binaries. This light curve, of the bright eclipsing system β Aurigae, was obtained using the star tracker aboard the wire satellite and contains 30 000 datapoints with a point-to-point scatter of 0.3mmag. Methods. We analyse the wire light curve using a version of the ebop code modified to include non-linear limb darkening laws and to directly incorporate observed times of minimum light and spectroscopic light ratios into the photometric solution as individual observations. We also analyse the dataset with the Wilson-Devinney code to ensure that the two models give consistent results. Results. ebop is able to provide an excellent fit to the high-precision wire data.Whilst the fractional radii of the stars are only defined to a precision of 5% by this light curve, including an accurate published spectroscopic light ratio improves this dramatically to 0.5%. Using non-linear limb darkening improves the quality of the fit significantly compared to the linear law and causes the measured radii to increase by 0.4%. It is possible to derive all of the limb darkening coefficients from the light curve, although they are strongly correlated with each other. The fitted coefficients agree with theoretical predictions to within their fairly large error estimates. We were able to obtain a reasonably good fit to the data using the Wilson-Devinney code, but only using the highest available integration accuracy and by iterating for a long time. Bolometric albedos of 0.6 were found, which are appropriate to convective rather than radiative envelopes. Conclusions. The radii and masses of the components of β Aur are RA = 2.762 ± 0.017 R, RB = 2.568 ± 0.017 R, MA = 2.376 ±0.027 M and MB = 2.291 ± 0.027 M, where A and B denote the primary and secondary star, respectively. Theoretical stellar evolutionary models can match these parameters for a solarmetal abundance and an age of 450−500 Myr. The Hipparcos trigonometric parallax and an interferometrically-derived orbital parallax give distances to β Aur which are in excellent agreement with each other and with distances derived using surface brightness relations and several sets of empirical and theoretical bolometric corrections.
Alkaline pH Is a Signal for Optimal Production and Secretion of the Heat Labile Toxin, LT in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (ETEC)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause secretory diarrhea in children and travelers to endemic areas. ETEC spreads through the fecal-oral route. After ingestion, ETEC passes through the stomach and duodenum before it colonizes the lower part of the small intestine, exposing bacteria to a wide range of pH and environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the impact of external pH and activity of the Cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) on the regulation of production and secretion of heat labile (LT) enterotoxin. ETEC strain E2863wt and its isogenic mutant E2863ΔCRP were grown in LBK media buffered to pH 5, 7 and 9. GM1 ELISA, cDNA and cAMP analyses were carried out on bacterial pellet and supernatant samples derived from 3 and 5 hours growth and from overnight cultures. We confirm that CRP is a repressor of LT transcription and production as has been shown before but we show for the first time that CRP is a positive regulator of LT secretion both in vitro and in vivo. LT secretion increased at neutral to alkaline pH compared to acidic pH 5 where secretion was completely inhibited. At pH 9 secretion of LT was optimal resulting in 600 percent increase of secreted LT compared to unbuffered LBK media. This effect was not due to membrane leakage since the bacteria were viable at pH 9. The results indicate that the transition to the alkaline duodenum and/or exposure to high pH close to the epithelium as well as activation of the global transcription factor CRP are signals that induce secretion of the LT toxin in ETEC.
A cross-language comparison of (cid:213) d

Previous studies have shown that infants perceptually differentiate certain non-native contrasts at 6–8 months but not at 10–12 months of age, whereas differentiation is evident at both ages in infants for whom the test contrasts are native. These ﬁndings reveal a language-speciﬁc bias to be emerging during the ﬁrst year of life. A developmental decline is not observed for all non-native contrasts, but it has been consistently reported for every contrast in which language effects are observed in adults. In the present study differentiation of English /d– Z / by English-and French-speaking adults and English-and French-learning infants at two ages ~ 6–8 and 10–12 months ! was compared using the conditioned headturn procedure. Two ﬁndings emerged. First, perceptual differentiation was unaffected by language experience in the ﬁrst year of life, despite robust evidence of language effects in adulthood. Second, language experience had a facilitative effect on performance after 12 months, whereas performance remained unchanged in the absence of speciﬁc language experience. These data are clearly inconsistent with previous studies as well as predictions based on a conceptual framework proposed by Burnham @ Appl. Psycholing. 7 , 201–240 ~ 1986 ! # . Factors contributing to these developmental patterns include the acoustic properties of /d– Z /, the phonotactic uniqueness of English / Z /, and the inﬂuence of lexical knowledge on phonetic processing. © 2001 Acoustical Society of America. @ DOI: 10.1121/1.1362689 # PACS numbers: 43.71. Ft, 43.71. An, 43.71. Hw @ KRK #
ect of Payment Timing on Inventory Decisions in a Newsvendor Experiment

In the newsvendor problem, a decision maker chooses an inventory order quantity prior to the realization of a random demand. The decision maker faces a trade-off between ordering too many and having leftover inventory versus ordering too few and missing out on potential sales. Keeping the net profit structure constant, we study how the timing of the payments affects the inventory decisions. Specifically, we examine three payment schemes which can be interpreted as the inventory order being financed 1) by the newsvendor herself, 2) by the supplier, and 3) by the customer. Models that are neutral with respect to the payment timings, such as risk aversion, risk seeking, and other static utility preferences, would predict the same ordering behavior across the three payment schemes. On the contrary, we find in laboratory experiments that ordering decisions are significantly different across the three payment schemes. Specifically, the order quantity under newsvendor own financing is greater than that under supplier financing, which is, in turn, greater than the order quantity under customer financing. These findings are also in disagreement with what a regular or hyperbolic time-discounted utility model would predict. Instead, we propose a model of underweighting order-time payments based on the principles of mental accounting and show that the experimental results are consistent with this new model. We further validate the robustness of our model under different profit-margin conditions. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the psychological processes involved in newsvendor decisions and have implications for supply chain financing practices such as trade credit and supply chain contract design.
Neutrino flavour transformation in supernovae

Rapid progress has been made during recent years in the understanding of the flavour oscillations that occur as neutrinos traverse through supernova. The previous paradigm has given way and it is now clear that the neutrino signals we shall receive from future Galactic supernovae will allow us both to peer inside these extraordinary cosmic events and to probe some of the fundamental properties of these elusive particles. In this review we aim to distill the progress that has been made focusing upon the effects of the dynamic density profile and the emergence of collective flavour oscillations due to neutrino self-interactions.
Pattern of eye diseases among welders in a Nigeria community.

BACKGROUND Welders have been identified as a high risk group for eye disorders due to their exposure to ultraviolet radiation. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and types of eye diseases amongst welders in Ile-Ife, Osun state. METHODS This is a cross sectional descriptive study of 405 consenting welders. Information on socio-demographic characteristics was obtained using a pre-tested proforma and all subjects had visual actuity test, anterior and posterior segments examination, test of stereopsis and macular function. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy five (67.9%) of the respondents were arc welders, 99(22.5%) were gas welders while 39(9.6%) utilized both welding techniques. The age of the respondents ranged from 16 years to 80 years with a mean of 38 ± 13 years. Conjunctival degenerative disorders like pingueculum (50.1%) and pterygium(17.5%) constituted the commonest eye disorders among the welders. There were 6 blind eyes of 5 welders with pigmentary maculopathy accounting for the single case of bilateral blindness. There is a greater odd in developing pingueculum and Pterygium (OR=1.015, 1.039 respectively) in arc welders than in gas welders. CONCLUSION Pingueculum, Pterygium, corneal opacity, and pigmentary macular deposits were the common eye disorders among welders.
e 3-value : Design and Evaluation of e-Business Models

The purpose of e-business models is to show why an e-business case works from an economic perspective. e-Business models are also important to frame the business requirements that must be satisfied by IT systems and networks. They are usually represented by a mixture of very informal textual, verbal and ad-hoc graphical representations. This limits a clear understanding of the e-business issues that confront the various stakeholders, and maintains the gap between business executives, the main e-business model stakeholders, and the IT developers who deliver the information systems that operationalize the e-business model. We discuss a more rigorous, conceptual modelling approach called e3-valueTM for representing e-business models. A key aspect is that it is value-based, since an ebusiness model defines how economic value is created and exchanged within a network of actors. Our methodology is based on a generic value-oriented ontology specifying what’s in an e-business model. It furthermore offers a lightweight graphical approach that guides the definition, derivation, and analysis of the multi-enterprise relationships, e-business scenarios and operations requirements, in both qualitative and quantitative ways. Illustrated by experiences from e-business definition and roll-out projects, we show that our e3-value approach offers important benefits: (1) better communication of and decision making about the essentials of an e-business model by the stakeholders; (2) an upfront, sharper and more complete, understanding of e-business operations and requirements through scenario analysis and quantification.
DETAILED NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF TURBULENT ATOMIZATION OF LIQUID JETS

A detailed numerical investigation of turbulent liquid jets in quiescent air is conducted, with the focus on the processes leading to liquid atomization. Spectral refinement of the interface is employed to provide an accurate description of the phase interface, even at the subcell level. The ghost fluid method is used to handle the different material properties of the phases and the surface tension force in a sharp manner. A temporally evolving turbulent planar jet is simulated for several values of the Reynolds and Weber numbers, and statistics are extracted. Direct visualization of the flow structures allows one to lay out a clear picture of the atomization process. Early interface deformation is caused by turbulent eddies that carry enough kinetic energy to overcome surface tension forces. Then, liquid protrusions are stretched out into ligaments that rupture following Rayleigh’s theory or due to aerodynamic forces. This numerical study provides a wealth of much-needed detailed information on the turbulent atomization process, which is invaluable to large eddy simulation modeling.
Quasi-TEM approach for shunt admittance parameters calculations of VLSI on-chip interconnects

In this paper a new method for efficient computation of the capacitance and conductance per unit length of the multilayer multiconductor IC interconnects is suggested. The conductors are thick or in finitesimally thin, and can be placed anywhere in the structure. The present spectral formalism involves constituents that contain only exponential functions with nonpositive arguments. The vertical spectral input admittance at the interface levels up to the source level are calculated recursively, starting at the uppermost and lowermost interfaces of the layered medium. This results in an numerical stable and efficient scheme for computing electric potential anywhere in the structure. In addition, the semi-analytical evaluation of the entries of the Galerkin matrix leads to a very ef ficient and accurate computer code. Calculated results are given for some cases of the integrated circuit interconnects to show the advantages and simplicity of new approach as compared to the methods available in the literature.
Contribution of sequence variation in Drosophila actins to their incorporation into actin-based structures in vivo

Actin is a highly conserved protein important for many cellular functions including motility, contraction in muscles and intracellular transport. Many eukaryotic genomes encode multiple actin protein isoforms that differ from each other by only a few residues. We addressed whether the sequence differences between actin paralogues in one species affect their ability to integrate into the large variety of structures generated by filamentous actin. We thus ectopically expressed all six Drosophila actins as fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a variety of embryonic, larval and adult fly tissues. We found that each actin was able to integrate into most actin structures analysed. For example, in contrast to studies in mammalian cells, the two Drosophila cytoplasmic actins were incorporated into muscle sarcomeres. However, there were differences in the efficiency with which each actin was incorporated into specific actin structures. The most striking difference was observed within the Z-lines of the sarcomeres: one actin was specifically excluded and we mapped this feature to one or both of two residues within the C-terminal half of the protein. Thus, in Drosophila, the primary sequence of different actins does affect their ability to incorporate into actin structures, and so specific GFPactins may be used to label certain actin structures particularly well.