Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of HI gas in a young radio galaxy at z = 0:44 using the Australian SKA Pathfinder

We report the discovery of a new 21-cm H I absorption system using commissioning data from the Boolardy Engineering Test Array of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). Using the 711.5-1015.5 MHz band of ASKAP we were able to conduct a blind search for the 21-cm line in a continuous redshift range between z = 0.4 and 1.0, which has, until now, remained largely unexplored. The absorption line is detected at z = 0.44 towards the GHz-peaked spectrum radio source PKS B1740-517 and demonstrates ASKAP's excellent capability for performing a future wide-field survey for H I absorption at these redshifts. Optical spectroscopy and imaging using the Gemini-South telescope indicates that the H I gas is intrinsic to the host galaxy of the radio source. The narrow [O III] emission lines show clear double-peaked structure, indicating either large-scale outflow or rotation of the ionized gas. Archival data from the XMM-Newton satellite exhibit an absorbed X-ray spectrum that is consistent with a high column density obscuring medium around the active galactic nucleus. The H I absorption profile is complex, with four distinct components ranging in width from 5 to 300 km s-1 and fractional depths from 0.2 to 20 per cent. In addition to systemic H I gas, in a circumnuclear disc or ring structure aligned with the radio jet, we find evidence for a possible broad outflow of neutral gas moving at a radial velocity of v ˜ 300 km s-1. We infer that the expanding young radio source (tage ≈ 2500 yr) is cocooned within a dense medium and may be driving circumnuclear neutral gas in an outflow of ˜1 M⊙ yr-1.
A Novel Chemometric Method for the Prediction of Human Oral Bioavailability

Orally administered drugs must overcome several barriers before reaching their target site. Such barriers depend largely upon specific membrane transport systems and intracellular drug-metabolizing enzymes. For the first time, the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450s, the main line of defense by limiting the oral bioavailability (OB) of drugs, were brought into construction of QSAR modeling for human OB based on 805 structurally diverse drug and drug-like molecules. The linear (multiple linear regression: MLR, and partial least squares regression: PLS) and nonlinear (support-vector machine regression: SVR) methods are used to construct the models with their predictivity verified with five-fold cross-validation and independent external tests. The performance of SVR is slightly better than that of MLR and PLS, as indicated by its determination coefficient (R2) of 0.80 and standard error of estimate (SEE) of 0.31 for test sets. For the MLR and PLS, they are relatively weak, showing prediction abilities of 0.60 and 0.64 for the training set with SEE of 0.40 and 0.31, respectively. Our study indicates that the MLR, PLS and SVR-based in silico models have good potential in facilitating the prediction of oral bioavailability and can be applied in future drug design.
Normal and anomalous diffusion of gravel tracer particles in rivers

Received 12 December 2008; revised 16 November 2009; accepted 10 December 2009; published 4 May 2010. [1] One way to study the mechanism of gravel bed load transport is to seed the bed with marked gravel tracer particles within a chosen patch and to follow the pattern of migration and dispersal of particles from this patch. In this study, we invoke the probabilistic Exner equation for sediment conservation of bed gravel, formulated in terms of the difference between the rate of entrainment of gravel into motion and the rate of deposition from motion. Assuming an active layer formulation, stochasticity in particle motion is introduced by considering the step length (distance traveled by a particle once entrained until it is deposited) as a random variable. For step lengths with a relatively thin (e.g., exponential) tail, the above formulation leads to the standard advection‐diffusion equation for tracer dispersal. However, the complexity of rivers, characterized by a broad distribution of particle sizes and extreme flood events, can give rise to a heavy‐tailed distribution of step lengths. This consideration leads to an anomalous advection‐diffusion equation involving fractional derivatives. By identifying the probabilistic Exner equation as a forward Kolmogorov equation for the location of a randomly selected tracer particle, a stochastic model describing the temporal evolution of the relative concentrations is developed. The normal and anomalous advection‐diffusion equations are revealed as its long‐time asymptotic solution. Sample numerical results illustrate the large differences that can arise in predicted tracer concentrations under the normal and anomalous diffusion models. They highlight the need for intensive data collection efforts to aid the selection of the appropriate model in real rivers.
Predictors of compliance with short-term treatment among patients with back pain.

OBJECTIVE Great efforts have been made to find effective treatments for back pain. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of a particular treatment can depend on patient compliance. The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate whether patients' demographic factors, clinical factors, external barriers in following the treatment, and perceptions of disability, quality of life, depression, and control over health were predictive of compliance with a physical therapy program carried out with patients with low back pain. METHODS This was an exploratory prospective cohort study that was carried out in New York City during 1999. All study participants answered a questionnaire at the initial clinical evaluation by a physical therapist and were followed during the treatment. The study assessed compliance with the three treatment regimens that were prescribed for every patient: attending scheduled physical therapy sessions, following a program of home exercises, and watching back-education videotapes. Depending on the individual patient, the planned treatment program could last from 2 to 6 weeks. The study employed a battery of instruments to measure patient characteristics that included perceived functional limitations, perceived quality of life, depression, and their beliefs about their health. Student's t tests and chi-square tests were used to determine if non- and low-compliant patients differed significantly from high-compliant patients. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios expressing the association of selected variables with compliance. RESULTS We found that 51% of the patients were either noncompliant or low-compliant overall with the low back pain treatment program. There were differences in compliance behavior among the three treatment regimens, with compliance being highest for watching the back-education videotapes and lowest for doing the home exercises. Poor compliance overall was positively associated with the expectation of barriers in following the proposed treatment, with comorbidity, and with longer duration of treatment in this program. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study indicate that patient compliance with back pain treatment is a serious and complex problem. Nevertheless, while this study was only an exploratory one, we believe that the results of this study can be used by care providers to identify patients likely to become noncompliant and also by researchers to plan specific studies on the effectiveness of treatment programs for patients with low back pain.
Effect of a Dual-task Virtual Reality Program for Seniors with Mild Cognitive Impairment

본 연구는 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램을 경도인지장애 노인에게 적용하여 인지기능, 균형과 뇌파에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램을 중재한 실험군 집단과 전통적인 작업치료를 중재한 대조군 집단은 1회 30분, 1주일 5회, 총 6주에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램을 시행한 실험군이 전통적인 작업치료를 시행한 대조군에 비해 인지기능 중 기억력 항목과 균형 항목에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 둘째, 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램을 시행한 실험군이 전통적인 작업치료를 시행한 대조군에 비해 β파와 SMR파의 세기가 유의하게 증가하였다. 결과를 종합해보면, 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램이 경도인지장애 노인에게 효과적인 치료방법이었고, 다양한 질환을 겪고 있는 대상자들에게 도움이 되는 기초 자료의 초석이 되기를 바란다.
BARYON CHIRAL PERTURBATION THEORY IN MANIFESTLY LORENTZ-INVARIANT FORM

A successful effective field theory program requires besides the most general effective Lagrangian a perturbative expansion scheme for observables in terms of a consistent power counting method. We discuss a renormalization scheme for manifestly Lorentz-invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory generating a simple and consistent power counting for renormalized diagrams. The approach may be used in an iterative procedure to renormalize higher-order loop diagrams and also allows for implementing a consistent power counting when vector mesons are explicitly included.
Creative cameraphone use in rural developing regions

In this paper we consider the current and future use of cameraphones in the context of rural South Africa, where many people do not have access to the latest models and ICT infrastructure is poor. We report a new study of cameraphone use in this setting, and the design and testing of a novel application for creating rich multimedia narratives and materials. We argue for better creative media applications on mobile platforms in this region, and greater attention to their local use.
On interval homogeneous orthomodular lattices

An orthomodular lattice $L$ is said to be interval homogeneous (resp. centrally interval homogeneous) if it is $\sigma$-complete and satisfies the following property: Whenever $L$ is isomorphic to an interval, $[a,b]$, in $L$ then $L$ is isomorphic to each interval $[c,d]$ with $c\leq a$ and $d\geq b$ (resp. the same condition as above only under the assumption that all elements $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ are central in $L$). Let us denote by Inthom (resp. Inthom$_c$) the class of all interval homogeneous orthomodular lattices (resp. centrally interval homogeneous orthomodular lattices). We first show that the class Inthom is considerably large — it contains any Boolean $\sigma$-algebra, any block-finite $\sigma$-complete orthomodular lattice, any Hilbert space projection lattice and several other examples. Then we prove that $L$ belongs to Inthom exactly when the Cantor-Bernstein-Tarski theorem holds in $L$. This makes it desirable to know whether there exist $\sigma$-complete orthomodular lattices which do not belong to Inthom. Such examples indeed exist as we than establish. At the end we consider the class Inthom$_c$. We find that each $\sigma$-complete orthomodular lattice belongs to Inthom$_c$, establishing an orthomodular version of Cantor-Bernstein-Tarski theorem. With the help of this result, we settle the Tarski cube problem for the $\sigma$-complete orthomodular lattices.
Fabricating conversational speech data with acoustic models: a program to examine model-data mismatch

We present a study of data simulated using acoustic models trained on Switchboard data, and then recognized using various Switchboard-trained acoustic models. When we recognize real Switchboard conversations, simple development models give a word error rate (WER) of about 47 percent. If instead we simulate the speech data using word transcriptions of the conversation, obtaining the pronunciations for the words from our recognition dictionary, the WER drops by a factor of five to ten. In a third type of experiment, we use human-generated phonetic transcripts to fabricate data that more realistically represents conversational speech, and obtain WERs in the low 40’s, rates that are fairly similar to those seen in actual speech data. Taken as a whole, these and other experiments we describe in the paper suggest that there is a substantial mismatch between real speech and the combination of our acoustic models and the pronunciations in our recognition dictionary. The use of simulation appears to be a promising tool in our efforts to understand and reduce the size of this mismatch, and may prove to be a generally valuable diagnostic in speech recognition research .
Do Collective Action Clauses Raise Borrowing Costs?

We examine the implications for borrowing costs of including collective-action clauses in loan contracts. For a sample of some 2,000 international bonds, we compare the spreads on bonds subject to UK governing law, which typically include collective-action clauses, with spreads on bonds subject to US law, which do not. Contrary to the assertions of some market participants, we find that collective-action clauses in fact reduce the cost of borrowing for more credit-worthy issuers, who appear to benefit from the ability to avail themselves of an orderly restructuring process. In contrast, less credit-worthy issuers pay, if anything, higher spreads. We conjecture that for less credit-worthy borrowers the advantages of orderly restructuring are offset by the moral hazard and default risk associated with the presence of renegotiation-friendly loan provisions.
The Ionization Fraction of Barnard 68: Implications for Star and Planet Formation

We present a detailed study of the ionization fraction of the Barnard 68 prestellar core, using millimeter H13CO+ and DCO+ lines observations. These observations are compared to the predictions of a radiative transfer model coupled to a chemical network that includes depletion on grains and gas-phase deuterium fractionation. Together with previous observations and modeling of CO and isotopologues, our H 13CO+ and DCO+ observations and modeling allow us to place constraints on the metal abundance and the cosmic ionization rate. The H13CO+ emission is well reproduced for metal abundances lower than 3 × 10-9 and a standard cosmic-ray ionization rate. However, the observations are also consistent with a complete depletion of metals, i.e., with cosmic rays as the only source of ionization at visual extinctions greater than a few AV. The DCO+ emission is found to be dependent of the ortho-to-para H2 ratio and indicates a ratio of ~10 -2. The derived ionization fraction is about 5 × 10-9 with respect to H nuclei, which is about an order of magnitude lower than that observed in the L1544 core. The corresponding ambipolar diffusion timescale is found to be an order of magnitude larger than the free fall timescale at the center of the core. The inferred metal abundance suggests that magnetically inactive regions (dead zones) are present in protostellar disks.
Neural Encoding of Objects Relevant for Navigation and Resting State Correlations with Navigational Ability

Objects along a route can help us to successfully navigate through our surroundings. Previous neuroimaging research has shown that the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) distinguishes between objects that were previously encountered at navigationally relevant locations (decision points) and irrelevant locations (nondecision points) during simple object recognition. This study aimed at unraveling how this neural marking of objects relevant for navigation is established during learning and postlearning rest. Twenty-four participants were scanned using fMRI while they were viewing a route through a virtual environment. Eye movements were measured, and brain responses were time-locked to viewing each object. The PHG showed increased responses to decision point objects compared with nondecision point objects during route learning. We compared functional connectivity between the PHG and the rest of the brain in a resting state scan postlearning with such a scan prelearning. Results show that functional connectivity between the PHG and the hippocampus is positively related to participants' self-reported navigational ability. On the other hand, connectivity with the caudate nucleus correlated negatively with navigational ability. These results are in line with a distinction between egocentric and allocentric spatial representations in the caudate nucleus and the hippocampus, respectively. Our results thus suggest a relation between navigational ability and a neural preference for a specific type of spatial representation. Together, these results show that the PHG is immediately involved in the encoding of navigationally relevant object information. Furthermore, they provide insight into the neural correlates of individual differences in spatial ability.
Expressions of E-cadherin, Cortactin and MMP-9 in Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Their Relationships with Clinicopathologic Factors and Prognostic Implication

Background E-cadherin, cortactin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 have roles in tumor development or progression, but their expression has not been fully investigated in pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. Methods We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, cortactin, and MMP-9 in 29 cases of PEH and 97 cases of SCC. Additionally, we evaluated their relationship with clinicopathologic factors and prognostic implications in SCC. Results Thirty-five cases of SCC showed reduced expression of E-cadherin, whereas none of the PEH did. A total of 20 cases and 11 cases of SCC were immunoreactive for cortactin and MMP-9, respectively, whereas none of the PEH did. In SCC, reduced expression of E-cadherin was correlated with cortactin expression and invasion depth. Cortactin expression was correlated with differentiation, T classification, and recurrence and/or metastasis. MMP-9 expression was correlated with invasion depth. Cortactin expression was correlated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival and it was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions The reduced expression of E-cadherin and the expression of cortactin may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of PEH and SCC. Furthermore, cortactin expression in association with reduced E-cadherin expression is correlated with poor prognosis in SCC.
Self-care practices among type 2 diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading non-communicable disease in India and contributes to 34% of mortality. Optimal management of DM involves a multipronged approach due to diverse factors including lifestyles, culture, myths, and socioeconomic condition. Self-care practices go a long way in the prevention of complications and improving quality of life. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the self-care practices among type 2 adult diabetic populations in a tertiary health-care setting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on type II adult diabetic subjects in a tertiary care hospital. A pre-tested, structured pro forma was used to collect the baseline data and self-care practices including knowledge of the disease, dietary practices, exercise, habits, health-seeking practices, complications, and prevention of complications. Chi-square test and descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS (17.0). Results: A total of 101 patients were studied where 60% of them were males; 57% had diabetes history of >5 years, 44% overweight, and 16% obese. Knowledge about the disease such as risk factors (59%), complications (67%), and dietary practices (92%) was good. Self-care practices were poor with 17% following strict diet, 7% exercised regularly, and 52% of them got their blood glucose monitored periodically. 21% of them never took care of their feet, and up to 96% of them never carried diabetes identification card. The self-care practices were significantly better among literates as compared to illiterates. Conclusion: Although the awareness of the disease and complications is good, self-care practice is poor among the study population.
The properties of galaxies in voids

We present a comparison of the properties of galaxies in the most underdense regions of the Universe, where the galaxy number density is less than 10 per cent of the mean density, with galaxies from more typical regions. We have compiled a sample of galaxies in 46 large nearby voids that were identified using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR4, which provides the largest coverage of the sky. We study the u - r colour distribution, morphology, specific star formation rate (SFR) and radial number density profiles for a total of 495 galaxies fainter than M r = -20.4 + 5 log h located inside the voids and compare these properties with a control sample of field galaxies. We show that there is an excess of blue galaxies inside the voids. However, inspecting the properties of blue and red galaxies separately, we find that galaxy properties such as colour distribution, bulge-to-total ratios and concentrations are remarkably similar between the void and overall sample. The void galaxies also show the same specific SFR at fixed colour as the control galaxies. We compare our results with the predictions of cosmological simulations of galaxy formation using the Millennium Run semi-analytic galaxy catalogue. We show that the properties of the simulated galaxies in large voids are in reasonably good agreement with those found in similar environments in the real Universe. To summarize, in spite of the fact that galaxies in voids live in the least dense large-scale environment, this environment makes very little impact on the properties of galaxies.
The Symptoms of Chronic Schizophrenia

The relationships between symptoms in 40 schizophrenic patients, selected for persistence of symptoms, were examined. The symptoms segregated into three syndromes: psychomotor poverty (poverty of speech, lack of spontaneous movement and various aspects of blunting of affect): disorganisation (inappropriate affect, poverty of content of speech, and disturbances of the form of thought): and reality distortion (particular types of delusions and hallucinations). Both the psychomotor poverty and disorganisation syndromes were associated with social and occupational impairment; in particular, the psychomotor poverty syndrome was associated with impairment of personal relationships, and the disorganisation syndrome with poor self-care and impersistence at work.
Interpretive bias in social phobia: An ERP study with morphed emotional schematic faces

Individuals with social phobia fear negative evaluation, which is most directly signalled by an angry expression of the interlocutor's face. This study investigated the processing of 3 series of schematic emotional faces, which were morphed in 7 steps from a neutral face to an angry, happy, or sad face by systematically varying features of the mouth, eyes, and eyebrows. Individuals with social phobia or spider phobia rated angry faces as more arousing than controls. Social phobics did not identify angry faces faster and showed no greater latent trait to identify a face as angry than controls. ERP data showed a modulation of the face-specific N170 by facial emotion, although this did not discriminate social phobics from controls. Instead, phobic subjects exhibited generally increased visual P1 amplitudes, suggesting a state of hypervigilance for incoming stimuli. Results are discussed in the context of psychophysiological abnormalities in the anxiety disorder spectrum.