Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The TMS Motor Map Does Not Change Following a Single Session of Mirror Training Either with Or without Motor Imagery

Both motor imagery and mirror training have been used in motor rehabilitation settings to promote skill learning and plasticity. As motor imagery and mirror training are suggested to be closely linked, it was hypothesized that mirror training augmented by motor imagery would increase corticospinal excitability (CSE) significantly compared to mirror training alone. Forty-four participants were split over two experimental groups. Each participant visited the laboratory once to receive either mirror training alone or mirror training augmented with layered stimulus response training (LSRT), a type of motor imagery training. Participants performed 16 min of mirror training, making repetitive grasping movements paced by a metronome. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping was performed before and after the mirror training to test for changes in CSE of the untrained hand. Self-reports suggested that the imagery training was effective in helping the participant to perform the mirror training task as instructed. Nonetheless, neither training type resulted in a significant change of TMS map area, nor was there an interaction between the groups. The results from the study revealed no effect of a single session of 16 min of either mirror training or mirror training enhanced by imagery on TMS map area. Despite the negative result of the present experiment, this does not suggest that either motor imagery or mirror training might be ineffective as a rehabilitation therapy. Further study is required to allow disentangling the role of imagery and action observation in mirror training so that mirror training can be further tailored to the individual according to their abilities.
Gender Comparisons in the Private, Collective, and Allocentric Selves

Abstract Researchers (e.g., M. B. Brewer & W. Gardner, 1996; H. C. Triandis, D. K. S. Chan, D. P. S. Bhawuk, S. Iwao, & J. P. B. Sinha, 1995) have suggested expansion of the standard model of individualism-collectivism to include people's close personal relationships in addition to their identification with in-groups. There has been considerable discussion of the hypothesis that women are more collective, interdependent, relational, and allocentric than men (e.g., S. E. Cross & L. Madson, 1997; Y. Kashima et al., 1995). In the present study, the authors used the Twenty Statements Test (M. H. Kuhn & T. McPartland, 1954) to examine gender differences in the self-concept by assessing the accessibility of private, collective, and allocentric self-cognitions. The U.S. women described themselves with more allocentric and more collective self-cognitions than did the U.S. men. Discussion focuses on the implications of those data for interpretation of other gender differences as well as for traditional models of individualism-collectivism.
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia in X‐linked recessive dystonia‐parkinsonism

Dystonia is a neurological syndrome characterized by sustained muscle contractions that produce repetitive twisting movements or abnormal postures. X‐linked recessive dystonia parkinsonism (XDP; DYT3; Lubag) is an adult‐onset disorder that manifests severe and progressive dystonia with a high frequency of generalization. In search for the anatomical basis for dystonia, we performed postmortem analyses of the functional anatomy of the basal ganglia based on the striatal compartments (ie, the striosomes and the matrix compartment) in XDP. Here, we provide anatomopathological evidence that, in the XDP neostriatum, the matrix compartment is relatively spared in a unique fashion, whereas the striosomes are severely depleted. We also document that there is a differential loss of striatal neuron subclasses in XDP. In view of the three‐pathway basal ganglia model, we postulate that the disproportionate involvement of neostriatal compartments and their efferent projections may underlie the manifestation of dystonia in patients with XDP. This study is the first to our knowledge to show specific basal ganglia pathology that could explain the genesis of dystonia in human heredodegenerative movement disorders, suggesting that dystonia may result from an imbalance in the activity between the striosomal and matrix‐based pathways. Ann Neurol 2005
Consistency and robustness of kernel-based regression in convex risk minimization

We investigate statistical properties for a broad class of modern kernel-based regression (KBR) methods. These kernel methods were developed during the last decade and are inspired by convex risk minimization in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. One leading example is support vector regression. We first describe the relationship between the loss function $L$ of the KBR method and the tail of the response variable. We then establish the $L$-risk consistency for KBR which gives the mathematical justification for the statement that these methods are able to ``learn''. Then we consider robustness properties of such kernel methods. In particular, our results allow us to choose the loss function and the kernel to obtain computationally tractable and consistent KBR methods that have bounded influence functions. Furthermore, bounds for the bias and for the sensitivity curve, which is a finite sample version of the influence function, are developed, and the relationship between KBR and classical $M$ estimators is discussed.
Qualitative Analysis on the Impact of Fatigue on Individuals Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis

The following research explores the impact of fatigue on Individuals diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis; building on the research by Olsson et al (2003), but alternatively offers a comparative approach; incorporating both men and women rather than focusing solely on one gender. Existing literature frequently centres upon quantitative methodologies, focusing on prevalence rates and statistics; thus the research employs a qualitative methodology to gain a more in depth understanding of individual experiences of fatigue and Multiple Sclerosis. Six semi-structured, ethnographic interviews were conducted; subsequently being transcribed and analysed through use of a thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke’s (2006) principles. Three themes were uncovered: identity change, stigmatism and emotional consequences; with analysis showing the significant association between such themes and fatigue. These are supported with ample evidence, allowing a comprehensive insight into individual experiences. Furthermore, identity change and stigmatism were generally exposed to be gendered.
ROLE AMBIGUITY AND ROLE PERFORMANCE EFFECTIVENESS: MODERATING THE EFFECT OF FEEDBACK SEEKING BEHAVIOUR

The purpose of the present study is to understand the influence of a contextual factor (role ambiguity) and personal characteristics (feedback seeking behaviour) on role performance. As interdependent team based work has become an inherent characteristic of the workplace, role ambiguity while working is quite inherent in such organisations. By gaining better clarity regarding individual roles, employees can impact their role performance significantly. Data were collected from 176 employees of a large information technology organisation using survey technique by physically administering the questionnaire with the help of the Human Resource department in two phases; first from the employees and co-workers and finally from the supervisors. Subsequent data analysis was performed using hierarchical multiple regression. Results showed that feedback seeking both from a supervisor and co-workers ameliorated the effects of role ambiguity on role performance. Specifically, compared to feedback seeking from coworkers, feedback seeking from a supervisor was found to be more useful in reducing the effects of role ambiguity on role performance. This study draws from social cognitive theory and self-regulation theories, and implications are discussed for practicing managers in the IT industry.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Improved Short Record Signal Model

The number of measurement problems for which it is either difficult or expensive to obtain long measurement records is rising. This short-record issue particularly pops up in biomedical measurements. In this paper, we study the problem of modeling fMRI signals used to map brain activity. In this paper, it is shown that, by using a postprocessing technique that is well equipped to handle the short-record problem, either the spatial resolution or the detection accuracy of the active regions can be improved by at least 50%.
Development and Evaluation of a Quality-Controlled Ribosomal Sequence Database for 16S Ribosomal DNA-Based Identification of Staphylococcus Species

ABSTRACT To establish an improved ribosomal gene sequence database as part of the Ribosomal Differentiation of Microorganisms (RIDOM) project and to overcome the drawbacks of phenotypic identification systems and publicly accessible sequence databases, both strands of the 5′ end of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of 81 type and reference strains comprising all validly described staphylococcal (sub)species were sequenced. Assuming a normal distribution for pairwise distances of all unique staphylococcal sequences and choosing a reporting criterion of ≥98.7% similarity for a “distinct species,” a statistical error probability of 1.0% was calculated. To evaluate this database, a 16S rDNA fragment (corresponding to Escherichia coli positions 54 to 510) of 55 clinical Staphylococcus isolates (including those of the small-colony variant phenotype) were sequenced and analyzed by the RIDOM approach. Of these isolates, 54 (98.2%) had a similarity score above the proposed threshold using RIDOM; 48 (87.3%) of the sequences gave a perfect match, whereas 83.6% were found by searching National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database entries. In contrast to RIDOM, which showed four ambiguities at the species level (mainly concerning Staphylococcus intermedius versus Staphylococcus delphini), the NCBI database search yielded 18 taxon-related ambiguities and showed numerous matches exhibiting redundant or unspecified entries. Comparing molecular results with those of biochemical procedures, ID 32 Staph (bioMérieux, Marcy I'Etoile, France) and VITEK 2 (bioMérieux) failed to identify 13 (23.6%) and 19 (34.5%) isolates, respectively, due to incorrect identification and/or categorization below acceptable values. In contrast to phenotypic methods and the NCBI database, the novel high-quality RIDOM sequence database provides excellent identification of staphylococci, including rarely isolated species and phenotypic variants.
Strategies for revitalization for intelligent robot industry in Korea based on structural equation model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the government's role in boosting the utilization of intelligent robot by considering government support policies along with various other factors, which are potentially influential. This type of investigation will contribute for developing a domestic robot infrastructure in Korea.Design/methodology/approach – A structural equation model is used to investigate the relation among various factors that have a potential influence on robot utilization. In addition, the Robot Utilization Expectation Index of various user groups is developed. The results obtained from the proposed model are expected to provide important feedback information for productivity innovation at the level of both the individual user and the company.Findings – According to the results, the robot function has the highest direct effect on the Robot Utilization Expectation, but excessive policies implemented simultaneously by the Korean Government are not effective on revit.
Living With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer—The Meaning of Existential Issues: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF 10 WOMEN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED BREAST CANCER, BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY

&NA; This study aimed to describe how 10 Norwegian women diagnosed with breast cancer experienced living with the disease. A qualitative method was used, including open‐ended in‐depth interviews based on principles in Grounded Theory. Data revealed that existential awareness was a central phenomenon in the women’s experience. This central finding created the basis for the core category in data: the will to live. This core category includes existential aspects such as different levels of life expectations, the fight against death, life related to the future, religious beliefs and doubts, and increased awareness of values in life. Knowledge and an understanding of how women experience being diagnosed with cancer are prerequisites for supporting the women in a process of normalization. This study has shown that the existential aspects connected with the core category, the will to live, are a central issue in recovery and survival. The study suggests that health professionals, by increasing their awareness of existential aspects connected with the will to live, can assist women and their families in developing coping strategies.
Can ambulatory blood pressure serve as a biomarker for presence of chronic kidney disease?

I t is well established that poorly controlled blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development as well as increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [1]. Reduction in BP to levels below 130/80 mmHg has traditionally been a key strategy for reducing the rate of CKD progression and the cardiovascular disease risk [2,3]. Although the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension has been evaluated exclusively using seated resting BP in physician offices, home and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) are now being utilized as an accepted method for evaluating hypertension [4,5]. ABPM offers a better representation of total BP load over the 24-h period, is noninvasive, easily reproducible, accurate and portable. Studies using ABPM predict cardiovascular events even after adjustments of conventional office BP readings [6,7]. Historically, ABPM also allows for night-time evaluation of BP dipping status in the context of target organ damage as well as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [8,9]. People with CKD, that is, stage 3 nephropathy and evidence of vascular inflammation such as presence of microalbuminuria, frequently have resistant hypertension and require an average of one or more additional medications to help achieve BP control [10,11]. The current study by Mathisen et al. [12] is unique in that it demonstrates an association between level of BP assessed by ABPM and changes in direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during the earliest stages of kidney disease. The results showed a positive correlation between daytime systolic and night-time SBP and DBP with GFR levels; the higher the measured BP, the higher the measured GFR in normotensive patients.
Investigations on the thermal behavior of interconnects under ESD transients using a simplified thermal RC network

This work focuses on interconnect heating during fast ESD transients. A simplified thermal RC network is used to study the behavior of interconnects and to predict their failures, which can be an open circuit or a latent failure due to the decrease in electromigration lifetime. The RC model is validated by both experiments and finite difference simulations. We observe that the melting of the interconnect system can be considered to be instantaneous. Simulations in both solid and liquid phases of the metal are in good agreement with experiments. Human body model (HBM) and machine model (MM) transients are investigated and a relationship to correlate these ESD stresses with transmission line pulse (TLP) measurements is studied in depth. We show that a square pulse of 80 ns may be used to predict HBM stress and a 45 ns pulse is proposed for MM stress.
Bayesian Inference for Linear Dynamic Models With Dirichlet Process Mixtures

Using Kalman techniques, it is possible to perform optimal estimation in linear Gaussian state-space models. Here, we address the case where the noise probability density functions are of unknown functional form. A flexible Bayesian nonparametric noise model based on Dirichlet process mixtures is introduced. Efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods are then developed to perform optimal batch and sequential estimation in such contexts. The algorithms are applied to blind deconvolution and change point detection. Experimental results on synthetic and real data demonstrate the efficiency of this approach in various contexts.
A New Particle Swarm Optimization Solution to Nonconvex Economic Dispatch Problems

This paper proposes a new version of the classical particle swarm optimization (PSO), namely, new PSO (NPSO), to solve nonconvex economic dispatch problems. In the classical PSO, the movement of a particle is governed by three behaviors, namely, inertial, cognitive, and social. The cognitive behavior helps the particle to remember its previously visited best position. This paper proposes a split-up in the cognitive behavior. That is, the particle is made to remember its worst position also. This modification helps to explore the search space very effectively. In order to well exploit the promising solution region, a simple local random search (LRS) procedure is integrated with NPSO. The resultant NPSO-LRS algorithm is very effective in solving the nonconvex economic dispatch problems. To validate the proposed NPSO-LRS method, it is applied to three test systems having nonconvex solution spaces, and better results are obtained when compared with previous approaches
Repetitive Negative Thinking: A Transdiagnostic Correlate of Affective Disorders

Recent research suggests that repetitive negative thinking is a transdiagnostic phenomenon that is present across affective disorders. Notably, multiple measures of repetitive negative thinking exist, including some that are disorder-specific and others that are transdiagnostic. To date, no studies have examined whether these measures are captured by a latent Repetitive Negative Thinking factor or how these measures are differentially associated with symptoms of affective disorders, including mood, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Across two separate studies, Mechanical Turk participants completed measures of rumination, post-event processing, dampening of positive affect, and two transdiagnostic measures of repetitive thinking, as well as measures of depression, physiological anxiety, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder. Using structural equation modeling, evidence of a single Repetitive Negative Thinking latent factor was found. Moreover, posi.
Decrease in power output of new light-emitting diode (LED) curing devices with increasing distance to filling surface.

PURPOSE This study compares the percentage decrease in power output of light-emitting diode (LED) and quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) curing devices at different distances between the light guide tip and a radiometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three LED curing devices (Elipar FreeLight/3M ESPE, Luxomax/Akeda, e-Light/GC) were compared to two QTH curing devices (Elipar TriLight/3M ESPE, Optilux 501 conventional and Turbo light guides/Kerr-Demetron). Power density was measured with a Fieldmaster GS/Coherent unit (Sensor LM-3 HTD) at increasing distances from the light guide tip (0 to 20 mm at 1-mm increments, n=6). RESULTS The mean decrease in power density available for curing at a distance of 10 mm between the light guide tip and the radiometer was 68% for the FreeLight, 83% for the e-Light, 42% for the Luxomax, 38% for the TriLight, 33% for the Optilux with the standard light guide, and 44% for the Optilux with the turbo light guide. The power density of the Luxomax was only 40% of that of the other LED curing devices at 0 mm distance. CONCLUSION The blue LED curing devices Elipar FreeLight and GC e-Light showed a significantly higher percentage decrease in power output at a distance of 10 mm from the light guide tip to the radiometer compared to the QTH curing devices. Therefore, although blue LED curing devices might have the same curing potential compared to a QTH device when placed in direct contact to a resin composite, blue LED curing devices may not provide a sufficient cure when placed at a clinically relevant distance of 10 mm to the resin composite surface.
Property and Industrial Organization in Communist and Capitalist Nations.

Frederic Pryor's book is a very useful volume. He has made painstaking, elaborate efforts to take available data relating to several aspects of both the structures and functioning of the East European communist nations and several Western capitalist nations and make these data comparable wherever possible. He also has attempted on the basis of this information to find support for a series of hypotheses designed either to explain or to further his comparisons of the structures and functioning of these economies. Given the many difficulties involved in such a project -such as the availability of data, the varying definitions of statistical categories, and a number of very difficult index number problems-the author has succeeded in making several revealing and thought-provoking comparisons and in offering several plausible hypotheses. His data on public ownership, the distributions of labor incomes and total incomes, and the size of production establishments in manufacturing and mining are extensive and well developed (given the limitations within which he was working), and his work offers a gold mine of information (ranging from "hard" data to somewhat conjectural interpretations and extensions) to the student of comparative economic systems. This is the strength of the book. The volume's weakness, however, was one which this reviewer found
Emerging Three-Terminal Magnetic Memory Devices

Spin-transfer torques can switch magnetizations via a current passing through a magnetic tunnel junction, an effect that is being pursued as the switching mechanism in spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory. Three-terminal devices are also possible. One mechanism is to have a free layer that contains a domain wall that can be manipulated by spin-transfer torques and moved between two configurations that can be read by a separate connection. An alternate approach uses the recent development of spin-orbit torques, which offer an efficient way of manipulating the magnetization of a tunnel junction by current passing through an adjacent layer. These torques allow for the separation of reading and writing currents through three-terminal devices structures. This paper presents the basic principles of spin-orbit torques, the distinguishing features of spin-orbit-torque-induced magnetization dynamics as compared to magnetization dynamics driven by conventional spin-transfer torques. From the application point of view, it presents the pros and cons of spin-orbit-torque-based three-terminal devices including magnetic random access memories. Then, it discusses domain-wall-based three-terminal devices and the advantages and disadvantages of each.