Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Community Associated with Organs of Shallow Hydrothermal Vent Crab Xenograpsus testudinatus near Kuishan Island, Taiwan

Shallow-water hydrothermal vents off Kueishan Island (northeastern Taiwan) provide a unique, sulfur-rich, highly acidic (pH 1.75-4.6) and variable-temperature environment. In this species-poor habitat, the crab Xenograpsus testudinatus is dominant, as it mainly feeds on zooplankton killed by sulfurous plumes. In this study, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing was used to investigate diversity and composition of bacteria residing in digestive gland, gill, stomach, heart, and mid-gut of X. testudinatus, as well as in surrounding seawater. Dominant bacteria were Gamma- and Epsilonproteobacteria that might be capable of autotrophic growth by oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds and are usually resident in deep-sea hydrothermal systems. Dominant bacterial OTUs in X. testudinatus had both host and potential organ specificities, consistent with a potential trophic symbiotic relationship (nutrient transfer between host and bacteria). We inferred that versatile ways to obtain nutrients may provide an adaptive advantage for X. testudinatus in this demanding environment. To our knowledge, this is the first study of bacterial communities in various organs/tissues of a crustacean in a shallow-water hydrothermal system, and as such, may be a convenient animal model for studying these systems.
An approach to identify duplicated web pages

A relevant consequence of the expansion of the web and e-commerce is the growth of the demand of new web sites and web applications. As a result, web sites and applications are usually developed without a formalized process, and web pages are directly coded in an incremental way, where new pages are obtained by duplicating existing ones. Duplicated web pages, having the same structure and just differing for the data they include, can be considered as clones. The identification of clones may reduce the effort devoted to test, maintain and evolve web sites and applications. Moreover, clone detection among different web sites aims to detect cases of possible plagiarism. In this paper we propose an approach. based on similarity metrics, to detect duplicated pages in web sites and applications, implemented with HTML language and ASP technology. The proposed approach has been assessed by analyzing several web sites and Web applications. The obtained results are reported in the paper with respect to some case studies.
Application of decision analysis to evaluate recovery actions for threatened Snake River spring and summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

There is uncertainty about the importance of various factors in explaining declines of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations in the Snake River basin of Oregon and Idaho. This uncertainty has prevented implementation of long-term recovery actions for these stocks. We used simulation models and decision analysis to evaluate three management actions for seven index stocks of Snake River spring and summer chinook salmon: (i) continue current operation of the Columbia River hydropower system, (ii) maximize transportation of smolts, and (iii) natural river drawdown (breaching) of four Snake River dams. Decision analysis provided a useful approach for including multiple hypotheses about population responses to environmental and anthropogenic factors, systematically assessing the importance of alternative hypotheses, and identifying risk-averse recovery strategies that meet survival and recovery goals over a wide range of uncertainties. We found that the most influential uncertainties were relate.
Individual Expertise and Team Performance: Results of Three Empirical Studies

Teamwork is one of the most important organizational changes over the past 20 years. Consequently, it becomes more and more important to know what makes teams effective. This dissertation compiles three studies that aimed at investigating the impact of the best team member on team performance beyond the average performance level of the team. The best team member is referred to as an expert. Study 1 tested how the score of the best team member, i.e., the expert, is related to team performance. It was proposed that planning behavior is a mediator. The individual and dyadic problem solving processes from 106 computer science students working on two complex software design tasks were observed. Results showed that the best team member had a positive impact on team performance and that local planning partially mediated the relationship. Study 2 examined in an experimental study with 200 students from non-technical majors how individual performance relates to team performance. In this study, two types of expertise (i.e., actual and perceived expertise) were distinguished. Results showed that actual expertise had a positive impact on team performance but perceived expertise had not. There was also no interaction effect of actual and perceived expertise with respect to team performance. Study 3 examined the impact of individual expertise on team performance in a longitudinal field study. More specifically, it was investigated how the performance of the best team member in different team functions (i.e., task functions and team functions) was related to team performance. Participants were 96 software professionals from 20 teams. As predicted, the best team member in task functions predicted team performance over time and the best team member in team functions accounted for additional variance. This research provides consistent evidence from the laboratory and field research for the outstanding role of the best team member on team performance.
Embodying ‘accidental ethnography’: staying overnight with former Bhutanese refugees in Aotearoa New Zealand

Abstract This research brings together two key areas, ‘embodied geographies’ and ‘accidental ethnography’. ‘Embodied geographies’ involve making bodies central to geographical studies. ‘Accidental ethnography’ involves researchers having to (re)negotiate the initial terms of engagement in their fieldwork. By bringing together these two areas, we aim to enrich both. In order to do this, we focus on a research project that examines Bhutanese women and girl former refugees’ experiences of settlement in Aotearoa New Zealand. When one of us – Sunita – visited participants in their homes for an interview, three families insisted that she stay overnight. Unexpectedly staying one or more nights meant that the researcher ended up getting closer – bodily and emotionally – to the participants than originally planned. This triggered some ethical issues, new research fieldnotes and research questions, added new layers of meaning to the project and created moments for the unspeakable to be spoken.
Formation and evolution of early-type galaxies. II. Models with quasi-cosmological initial conditions

Aims. In this study, with the aid of N-Body simulations based on quasi-cosmological initial conditions, we have followed the formation and evolution of two early-type galaxies of different total mass, from their separation from global expansion of the Universe to their collapse to virialized structures, the formation of stars and subsequent nearly passive evolution. Methods. Using the pd-tsph N-Body code, we developed the simulations of two model galaxies in quasi-cosmological context. The cosmological background we have considered is the Standard CDM. The models are made of Dark and Baryonic Matter in standard cosmological proportions (9:1), and have significantly different initial total mass, i.e. 1.62 × 10 12 M� (A) and 0.03 × 10 12 M� (B). Particular care has been paid to the star formation process, heating and cooling of gas, and chemical enrichment. Results. Star formation is completed within the first 3 Gyr in model A, whereas it lasts longer up to about 4 Gyr in model B. The models are followed for a long period of time, i.e. 13 Gyr (model A) and 5 Gyr (model B): in any case, well beyond the stages of active star formation. The structural properties of the present-day models are in good agreement with current observations. The chemical properties, mean metallicity and metallicity gradients also agree with available observational data. Finally, conspicuous galactic winds are found to occur. Conclusions. The models conform to the so-called revised monolithic scheme, because mergers of substructures have occurred very early in the galaxy life. Our results agree with those obtained in other similar recent studies, thus strengthening the idea that the revised monolithic scheme is the right trail to follow in the forest of galaxy formation and evolution.
Secondary Dual-Language Learners and Emerging Pedagogies: The Intersectionality of Language, Culture, and Community

We draw from an ethnographic research perspective to examine the potential benefits and pitfalls of dual-language secondary classrooms. The data collected come from multiple sources including classroom observations and teacher interviews from dual-language secondary classrooms. A secondary dual-language education conceptual framework is presented. Three dimensions of the DLE framework inform teachers’ pedagogical practices in the classroom: bilingualism, culture, and community engagement. Further, in this article, recommendations for effective dual-language secondary classrooms are offered as a way to advance teachers’ pedagogical practices that leverage students’ language repertoire.
Recovery of third order tensors via convex optimization

We study recovery of low-rank third order tensors from underdetermined linear measurements. This natural extension of low-rank matrix recovery via nuclear norm minimization is challenging since the tensor nuclear norm is in general intractable to compute. To overcome this obstacle we introduce hierarchical closed convex relaxations of the tensor unit nuclear norm ball based on so-called theta bodies - a recent concept from computational algebraic geometry. Our tensor recovery procedure consists in minimization of the resulting new norms subject to the linear constraints. Numerical results on recovery of third order low-rank tensors show the effectiveness of this new approach.
Pharmacodynamics of Selective Inhibition of γ-Secretase by Avagacestat

A hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is the accumulation of brain amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), generated by γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Therefore, γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) may lower brain Aβ and offer a potential new approach to treat AD. As γ-secretase also cleaves Notch proteins, GSIs can have undesirable effects due to interference with Notch signaling. Avagacestat (BMS-708163) is a GSI developed for selective inhibition of APP over Notch cleavage. Avagacestat inhibition of APP and Notch cleavage was evaluated in cell culture by measuring levels of Aβ and human Notch proteins. In rats, dogs, and humans, selectivity was evaluated by measuring plasma blood concentrations in relation to effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ levels and Notch-related toxicities. Measurements of Notch-related toxicity included goblet cell metaplasia in the gut, marginal-zone depletion in the spleen, reductions in B cells, and changes in expression of the Notch-regulated hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 from blood cells. In rats and dogs, acute administration of avagacestat robustly reduced CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels similarly. Chronic administration in rats and dogs, and 28-day, single- and multiple-ascending–dose administration in healthy human subjects caused similar exposure-dependent reductions in CSF Aβ40. Consistent with the 137-fold selectivity measured in cell culture, we identified doses of avagacestat that reduce CSF Aβ levels without causing Notch-related toxicities. Our results demonstrate the selectivity of avagacestat for APP over Notch cleavage, supporting further evaluation of avagacestat for AD therapy.
Estimating the degree centrality ranking

Complex networks have gained more attention from the last few years. The size of the real world complex networks, such as online social networks, WWW networks, collaboration networks, is exponentially increasing with time. It is not feasible to completely collect, store and process these networks. In the present work, we propose a method to estimate degree centrality ranking of a node without having complete structure of the graph. The proposed method uses degree of a node and power law exponent of the degree distribution to calculate the ranking. We also study simulation results on Barabasi-Albert model. Simulation results show that average error in the calculated ranking is approximately 5% of total number of nodes.
Credit Risk Spillovers among Financial Institutions around the Global Credit Crisis: Firm-Level Evidence

Using credit default swap data, we propose a novel empirical framework to identify the structure of credit risk networks across international major financial institutions around the recent global credit crisis. Specifically, we identify three groups of players, including prime senders, exchange centers, and prime receivers of credit risk information. Leverage ratios and, particularly, the short-term debt ratio appear to be significant determinants of the roles of financial institutions in credit risk transfer, while corporate governance indexes, size, liquidity, and asset write-downs are not significant. Our findings carry important implications for a new regulatory standard on capital subcharge and liquidity coverage ratio. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
The Evolution of Video Quality Measurement: From PSNR to Hybrid Metrics

This paper reviews the evolution of video quality measurement techniques and their current state of the art. We start with subjective experiments and then discuss the various types of objective metrics and their uses. We also introduce V-Factor, a "hybrid" metric using both transport- and bitstream information. Finally, we summarize the main standardization activities, such as the work of the video quality experts group (VQEG), and we take a look at emerging trends in quality measurement, including image preference, visual attention, and audiovisual quality.
The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity

* Introduction * Mass Production as Destiny and Blind Decision * The Corporation * Stabilizing the Economy * The Global and the Microscopic * The Pieces Repositioned: Mass and Craft Production Abroad * The Mass-Production Economy in Crisis * Corporate Responses to the Crisis * History, Practice, and National Strategies * Possibilities for Prosperity: International Keynesianism and Flexible Specialization * The United States and Flexible Specialization
Membrane-Sensitive Conformational States of Helix 8 in the Metabotropic Glu2 Receptor, a Class C GPCR

The recent elucidation of the X-ray structure of several class A GPCRs clearly indicates that the amphipathic helix 8 (H8) is a conserved structural domain in most crystallized GPCRs. Very little is known about the presence and the possible role of an analogous H8 domain in the distantly related class C GPCRs. In this study, we investigated the structural properties for the H8 domain of the mGluR2 receptor, a class C GPCR, by applying extended molecular dynamics simulations. Our study indicates that the amphipathic H8 adopts membrane-sensitive conformational states, which depend on the membrane composition. Cholesterol-rich membranes stabilize the helical structure of H8 whereas cholesterol-depleted membranes induce a disruption of H8. The observed link between membrane cholesterol levels and H8 conformational states suggests that H8 behaves as a sensor of cholesterol concentration.
Mentally tough behaviour in extreme environments: perceptions of elite high-altitude mountaineers

ABSTRACT Although numerous studies have examined the importance of mental toughness (MT) in sport, relatively few studies have examined mentally tough behaviours. We therefore sought to identify the indicative behaviours of elite, mentally tough mountaineers, an under-researched group, by examining participants’ experiences and perceptions. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with 17 experienced high-altitude mountaineers (Mage = 45 years). Results were organised into three general dimensions, which concerned: (i) preparatory behaviours, (ii) social/interpersonal behaviours and (iii) intrapersonal behaviours. Behaviours such as meticulous preparation, consistently high work rates, quick recovery following setbacks, and thriving in challenging situations were found to be broadly consistent with previous research. Nevertheless, novel and nuanced themes, such as pragmatic perseverance, selflessness and tolerance emerged as salient new findings. Results are discussed in the context of existing models of MT and in relation to the challenges of measuring mentally tough behaviour.
A high affinity RIM-binding protein/Aplip1 interaction prevents the formation of ectopic axonal active zones

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) fuse at active zones (AZs) covered by a protein scaffold, at Drosophila synapses comprised of ELKS family member Bruchpilot (BRP) and RIM-binding protein (RBP). We here demonstrate axonal co-transport of BRP and RBP using intravital live imaging, with both proteins co-accumulating in axonal aggregates of several transport mutants. RBP, via its C-terminal Src-homology 3 (SH3) domains, binds Aplip1/JIP1, a transport adaptor involved in kinesin-dependent SV transport. We show in atomic detail that RBP C-terminal SH3 domains bind a proline-rich (PxxP) motif of Aplip1/JIP1 with submicromolar affinity. Pointmutating this PxxP motif provoked formation of ectopic AZ-like structures at axonal membranes. Direct interactions between AZ proteins and transport adaptors seem to provide complex avidity and shield synaptic interaction surfaces of pre-assembled scaffold protein transport complexes, thus, favouring physiological synaptic AZ assembly over premature assembly at axonal membranes. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.06935. 001
Enhancement of Amygdaloid Neuronal Dendritic Arborization by Fresh Leaf Juice of Centella asiatica (Linn) During Growth Spurt Period in Rats

Centella asiatica (CeA) is a creeping herb, growing in moist places in India and other Asian Countries. Ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternate system of medicine in India, uses leaves of CeA for memory enhancement. Here, we have investigated the role of CeA fresh leaf juice treatment during growth spurt period of rats on dendritic morphology of amygdaloid neurons, one of the regions concerned with learning and memory. The present study was conducted on neonatal rat pups. The rat pups (7-days-old) were fed with 2, 4 and 6 ml/kg body of fresh leaf juice of CeA for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. After the treatment period, the rats were killed, brains removed and amygdaloid neurons impregnated with Silver nitrate (Golgi staining). Amygdaloid neurons were traced using camera lucida and dendritic branching points (a measure of dendritic arborization) and intersections (a measure dendritic length) quantified. These data were compared with those of age-matched control rats. The results showed a significant increase in dendritic length (intersections) and dendritic branching points along the length of dendrites of the amygdaloid neurons of rats treated with 4 and 6 ml/kg body weight/day of CeA for longer periods of time (i.e. 4 and 6 weeks). We conclude that constituents/active principles present in CeA fresh leaf juice has neuronal dendritic growth stimulating property; hence it can be used for enhancing neuronal dendrites in stress and other neurodegenerative and memory disorders.
National symbolic capital in a multinational environment. An exploratory study of symbolic boundaries at a European school in Brussels

Despite processes of Europeanisation in education aimed at reducing symbolic boundaries of nationality among Europeans, countries continue to be judged in terms of their reputation or “symbolic capital”. Based on qualitative group interviews with students at a European School in Brussels, a unique institution educating the future citizens of Europe, we investigate to what extent the symbolic capital attributed to the students’ national background shapes symbolic boundaries between them. Our results suggest that they draw symbolic boundaries in two steps. First, students classify their schoolmates according to criteria specific to youth culture, including: youth lifestyle, effortless academic achievement, cosmopolitan values and language skills. These primary categories may then be attributed to different national groups and language sections at the school. As a consequence, a status hierarchy emerges, running from Northwest-European to Eastern European students. This points to a permanence of symbolic boundaries of nationality, even in the highly Europeanised context of a European School.
Selection and population genetic structure of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides in the northwest Atlantic and Gulf of St. Lawrence

It has been proposed that population genetic structure at the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (Mpi) locus in the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides (L.) could be due to selection by ice scour acting through variation in larval settlement behavior. Homogeneity of Mpi allele frequencies for barnacles within the Gulf of St. Lawrence could be maintained by a combination of selection and limited gene flow from populations of S. balanoides on the Atlantic coast of Canada south of the Cabot Strait. We sampled S. balanoides from 19 sites in Greenland and Baffin Island, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and on the Atlantic coasts of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada, in order to test these hypotheses. Presumptive genetic variation at 2 enzyme loci, Mpi and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi ) , was quantified by isoelectric focusing. A11 populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and no Linkage disequilibrium between loci was observed. We found significant spatial variation in allele frequencies at both loci. In particular, S. balanoides populations within the Gulf of St. Lawrence were not genetically homogeneous at either locus. A discontinuity in allele frequencies at both the Gpj and Mpi loci occurred in the vicinity of the Mirarmchi estuary, in the southern Gulf. Comparisons of allele frequencies between barnacle recruits and adults suggested this population structure may have resulted from selection, in the case of Mpi, possibly associated with environmental temperature. Selection by ice scour does not appear to affect spatial variation in allele frequencies in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.