Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Perceptions From High School Students With and Without Disabilities About Their Science Co-Teaching Experiences

A COMPARISON OF PERCEPTIONS FROM HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DISABILITIES ABOUT THEIR SCIENCE CO-TEACHING EXPERIENCES Shantha Preston-Smith, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2015 Dissertation Chair: Dr. Margaret King-Sears This study investigated similarities and differences in perceptions of high school students with and without disabilities who received science instruction from co-teachers. Disproportionate stratified sampling was used to select students from 17 co-taught science classes in two high schools located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Students completed the Co-Teacher Student Questionnaire (CTSQ), which had 25 Likert-type statements and three open-response queries. Students designated their perceptions of which co-teacher completed specific tasks or roles, their level of agreement with statements about the co-teaching instruction, and their perceptions of which co-teaching model was used the most. Independent sample t-test and chi-square analyses were used to compare responses on the CTSQ from students with and without disabilities. Qualitative analyses were used to code responses for open-response queries. Results indicated statistical significance between students with and without disabilities for six items on the Co-Teacher Student Questionnaire. Seventy percent of students without disabilities indicated One Teach, One Observe or Drift was the co-teaching model used the most, whereas 45% of students with disabilities selected this model. Other similarities and differences are described, along with implications for future research.
Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms : Read the Fine Print

For twenty years, quantum computing has been catnip to science journalists. Not only would a quantum computer harness the notorious weirdness of quantum mechanics, but it would do so for a practical purpose: namely, to solve certain problems exponentially faster than we know how to solve them with any existing computer. But there’s always been a catch, and I’m not even talking about the difficulty of building practical quantum computers. Supposing we had a quantum computer, what would we use it for? The “killer apps”—the problems for which a quantum computer would promise huge speed advantages over classical computers—have struck some people as inconveniently narrow. By using a quantum computer, one could dramatically accelerate the simulation of quantum physics and chemistry (the original application advocated by Richard Feynman in the 1980s); break almost all of the public-key cryptography currently used on the Internet (for example, by quickly factoring large numbers, with the famous Shor’s algorithm [14]); and maybe achieve a modest speedup for solving optimization problems in the infamous “NP-hard” class (but no one is sure about the last one). Alas, as interesting as that list might be, it’s hard to argue that it would transform civilization in anything like the way classical computing did in the previous century. Recently, however, a new family of quantum algorithms has come along to challenge this relativelynarrow view of what a quantum computer would be useful for. Not only do these new algorithms promise exponential speedups over classical algorithms, but they do so for eminently-practical problems, involving machine learning, clustering, classification, and finding patterns in huge amounts of data. So, do these algorithms live up to the claims? That’s a simple question with a complicated answer. The algorithm at the center of the “quantum machine learning” mini-revolution is called HHL [9], after my colleagues Aram Harrow, Avinatan Hassidim, and Seth Lloyd, who invented it in 2008. Many of the subsequent quantum learning algorithms extend HHL or use it as a subroutine, so it’s important to understand HHL first. (See also a Nature News & Views piece by Childs [5].) HHL attacks one of the most basic problems in all of science: namely, solving a system of linear equations. Given an n× n real matrix A and a vector b, the goal of HHL is to (approximately) solve the system
Resource-Predictable and Efficient Monitoring of Events

We present a formally specified event specification language (Solicitor). Solicitor is suitable for real-time systems, since it results in resource-predictable and efficient event monitors. In event monitoring, event expressions defined in an event specification language control the monitoring by matching incoming streams of event occurrences against the event expressions. When an event expression has a complete set of matching event occurrences, the event type that this expression defines has occurred. Each event expression is specified by combining contributing event types with event operators such as sequence, conjunction, disjunction; contributing event types may be primitive, representing happenings of interest in a system, or composite, specified by event expressions. The formal specification of Solicitor is based on a formal schema that separates two important aspects of an event expression; these aspects are event operators and event contexts. The event operators aspect addresses the relative constraints between contributing event occurrences, whereas the event contexts aspect addresses the selection of event occurrences from an event stream with respect to event occurrences that are used or invalidated during event monitoring. The formal schema also contains an abstract model of event monitoring. Given this formal specification, we present realization issues of, a time complexity study of, as well as a proof of limited resource requirements of event monitoring. We propose an architecture for resource-predictable and efficient event monitoring. In particular, this architecture meets the requirements of realtime systems by defining how event monitoring and tasks are associated. A declarative way of specifying this association is proposed within our architecture. Moreover, an efficient memory management scheme for event composition is presented. This scheme meets the requirements of event monitoring in distributed systems. This architecture has been validated by implementing an executable component prototype that is part of the DeeDS prototype. The results of the time complexity study are validated by experiments. Our experiments corroborate the theory in terms of complexity classes of event composition in different event contexts. However, the experimental platform is not representative of operational real-time systems and, thus, the constants derived from our experiments cannot be used for such systems.
Incumbent and Party Vulnerabilities in the House of Representatives

Abstract The conventional portrait of House elections is that they are overwhelmingly constituted of incumbents who are increasingly safe. Yet the evidence does not support that picture. Widespread incumbency and electoral volatility can much more easily coexist than the conventional wisdom has suggested. Many Members are indeed vulnerable, which makes party control vulnerable as well.
Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition of Voice Onset Time

The paper aims to investigate the sources of crosslinguistic influence in the acquisition of voice onset time patterns in third language phonology. Thirty two learners of L3 French with L1 Polish and L2 English were recorded reading lists of words in carrier phrases in the three respective languages. The recordings were analyzed for the degree of aspiration of voiceless stops in stressed onset positions. The results revealed interlanguage VOT patterns, including compromise values for L3 VOT that could be attributed to a combined influence of L1 and L2, thus substantiating the existence of both native and non-native crosslinguistic influence in L3 phonology.
Revisiting the vulnerability ethos in cross-sectoral transition policies and practices for young people in the era of marketisation of education

The ethos of vulnerability has come to play an increasingly central role in shaping cross-sectoral transition policies and practices related to young people outside of education and working life. Yet the wider effects of this ethos in policies and practices are still rarely analysed. In this article, we draw our data from five separate studies. The data set includes policy documents, news reports, programme guidelines as well as interview and ethnographic data. This article shows what kinds of effects the ethos of vulnerability in cross-sectoral transition policies and practices can have on young people outside education and working life.
Traces of functions of bounded deformation

This paper is devoted to give a simplified proof of the trace theorem for functions of bounded deformation defined on bounded Lipschitz domains of $\mathbb{R}^n$. As a consequence, the existence of one-sided Lebesgue limits on countably $\mathcal{H}^{n-1}$-rectifiable sets is also established.
Peripheral vascular responses of men and women to LBNP.

BACKGROUND This study examined the hypothesis that women exhibit smaller vasoconstrictor responses in the calf during graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP). METHODS Selective deep oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to examine blood flow changes in the calf. Eleven men and nine women volunteers underwent graded LBNP up to -60 mm Hg. Cardiovascular responses were measured by: NIRS on the forearm and superficial and deep calf for oxygenated and deoxygenated Hb; mercury strain gauge plethysmography for calf blood pooling; electrocardiogram for heart rate; and, photoplethysmography for blood pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. RESULTS Cardiac output was lower and total peripheral resistance higher in women; however, both men and women had similar decreases in cardiac output and increases in total peripheral resistance with LBNP. Forearm oxygenated Hb decreased from baseline throughout LBNP, and no difference was found between men and women. Female subjects had greater rates of increased blood pooling with LBNP than their male counterparts. Men had greater selective deep calf oxygenated Hb reductions compared to women during LBNP. Moreover, when the oxygenated Hb response as a function of calf blood pooling was examined with regression analyses, men had greater slopes (-0.62 +/- 0.05) than women (-0.33 +/- 0.04). CONCLUSION The greater slopes in oxygenated Hb at given blood pooling and at each negative pressure in male subjects led us to conclude that men had greater vasoconstrictor responses in the calf during graded LBNP.
Regulation of G protein‐coupled cAMP receptor activation by a hydrophobic residue in transmembrane helix 3

cAR1, a G protein‐coupled cAMP receptor, is essential for multicellular development of Dictyostelium. We previously identified a cAR1‐Ile104 mutant that appeared to be constitutively activated based on its constitutive phosphorylation, elevated affinity for cAMP, and dominant‐negative effects on development as well as specific cAR1 pathways that are subject to adaptation. To investigate how Ile104 might regulate cAR1 activation, we assessed the consequences of substituting it with all other amino acids. Constitutive phosphorylation of these Ile104 mutants varied broadly, suggesting that they are activated to varying extents, and was correlated with polarity of the substituting amino acid residue. Remarkably, all Ile104 substitutions, except for the most conservative, dramatically elevated the receptor's cAMP affinity. However, only a third of the mutants (those with the most polar substitutions) blocked development. These findings are consistent with a model in which polar Ile104 substitutions perturb the equilibrium between inactive and active cAR1 conformations in favour of the latter. Based on homology with rhodopsin, Ile104 is likely buried within inactive cAR1 and exposed to the cytoplasm upon activation. We propose that the hydrophobic effect normally promotes burial of Ile104 and hence cAR1 inactivation, while polar substitution of Ile104 mitigates this effect, resulting in activation.
Making Pronunciation Visible: Gesture In Teaching Pronunciation

The study examines the teacher and student gesture employed in teaching and learning suprasegmental features of second language (L2) pronunciation such as syllabification, word stress, and rhythm. It presents microanalysis of video-recorded classroom interactions occurring in a beginner-level reading class in an intensive English program at a U.S. university. Results indicate that the teacher employed gesture as an instructional tool to facilitate the students' identification and production of syllables, word stress, and the rhythm of speech. This was accomplished through reiterative gestures, or catchments, which enabled the students to visualize and experience the intangible pronunciation phenomena. The students appropriated the teacher's gestures through creative imitation and employed them as a learning tool in the process of gaining control over the suprasegmental features of L2 pronunciation. The study has implications for L2 pedagogy, suggesting that teachers need to be made aware of the pedagogical uses of gesture as a mediational tool for teaching L2 pronunciation and be sensitized to attending to student gestures.
Warum klassische Evaluation oftmals nicht ausreicht – eine Studie zur Ermittlung der Bedeutsamkeit Mentaler Modelle als Evaluationsmethode

Hohe Benutzertauglichkeit und Akzeptanz eines Webseitenservices sind nur dann gewahrleistet, wenn diese auf die funktionalen Bedurfnisse, aber auch auf die strukturellen Vorstellungen ihrer Benutzer zugeschnitten sind. Im Kontext einer Webseite zur Â„Suche nach E-Learning-Produkten im InternetÂ“ wurde untersucht, inwieweit die Kenntnis der Mentalen Modelle potenzieller Nutzer den Softwareentwicklungsprozess positiv beeinflussen kann. Dabei erlaubte die Erhebung Mentaler Modelle mit Hilfe der Struktur-Lege-Technik (SLT) als Evaluationsmethode einen Vergleich mit der tatsachlich entwickelten Webseite. Die Studie zeigte, dass trotz zuvor bereits durchgefuhrter, klassischer Evaluationen (Usability Tests, Anwendung von Heuristiken und Cognitive Walkthroughs) 40 Funktionsbereiche genannt wurden, die auf der tatsachlichen Webseite nicht vorgesehen oder umgesetzt sind. Daraus folgt, dass die Erhebung von Mentalen Modellen ebenfalls bereits vor dem Software-Entwicklungsprozess durchgefuhrt werden soll. (DIPF/Orig.)
Evaluation of hippocampus dose for patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dose received by the hippocampus among patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal cancer. METHODS 10 patients with biopsy-proven, locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer constituted the study population. The total prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 70 Gy (D95%) delivered in 2.12-Gy daily fractions using IMRT. Using established anatomical guidelines, MRI co-registration and the assistance of a board-certified neuroradiologist, the right and left hippocampi were delineated on axial imaging from the CT scan obtained at simulation for each patient beginning at the most anterior portion of the lateral ventricle. IMRT treatment plans were generated without dose-volume constraints to the hippocampus. A range of dose-volume statistics was calculated. RESULTS The mean hippocampus volume was 6.01 ± 2.61 cm(3). The mean V20 was 72.2%; V40 was 22.0%; V50 was 10.2%; and V60 was 5.5%. The average mean, minimum and maximum hippocampus doses were 30.27 Gy (range, 19.08-47.99 Gy); 17.54 Gy (range, 11.66-33.17 Gy); and 54.95 Gy (range, 35.59-75.57 Gy), respectively. The hippocampus received a maximum dose exceeding 70 Gy in 30% of cases. CONCLUSION Our dosimetric analysis suggests that, for patients undergoing IMRT for nasopharyngeal cancer, the hippocampus routinely receives significantly high doses. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The hippocampus receives a fair amount of incidental radiation during treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer. Given the importance of this structure with respect to memory and neurocognitive function, consideration should be given to identifying the hippocampus as a critical organ at risk in the IMRT optimization process.
Current mechanistic insights into the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis

The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent mechanistic developments elucidating the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tumour invasion and metastasis. The ability of tumour cells to invade, migrate, and subsequently metastasize is a fundamental characteristic of cancer. Tumour invasion and metastasis are increasingly being characterized by the dynamic relationship between cancer cells and their microenvironment and developing a greater understanding of these basic pathological mechanisms is crucial. While MMPs have been strongly implicated in these processes as a result of extensive circumstantial evidence – for example, increased expression of individual MMPs in tumours and association of specific MMPs with prognosis – the underpinning mechanisms are only now being elucidated. Recent studies are now providing a mechanistic basis, highlighting and reinforcing the catalytic and non‐catalytic roles of specific MMPs as key players in tumour invasion and metastasis. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving in

The world's bestselling guide to negotiation. Getting to Yes has been in print for over thirty years, and in that time has helped millions of people secure win-win agreements both at work and in their private lives. Including principles such as: Don't bargain over positions Separate the people from the problem and Insist on objective criteria Getting to Yes simplifies the whole negotation process, offering a highly effective framework that will ensure success.
Decompositions and reductions of snarks

According to M. Gardner [“Mathematical Games: Snarks, Boojums, and Other Conjectures Related to the Four-Color-Map Theorem,” Scientific American, vol. 234 (1976), pp. 126–130], a snark is a nontrivial cubic graph whose edges cannot be properly colored by three colors. The problem of what “nontrivial” means is implicitly or explicitly present in most papers on snarks, and is the main motivation of the present paper. Our approach to the discussion is based on the following observation. If G is a snark with a k-edge-cut producing components G1 and G2, then either one of G1 and G2 is not 3-edge-colorable, or by adding a “small” number of vertices to either component one can obtain snarks G1 and G2 whose order does not exceed that of G. The two situations lead to a definition of a k-reduction and k-decomposition of G. Snarks that for m < k do not admit m-reductions, m-decompositions, or both are k-irreducible, k-indecomposable, and k-simple, respectively. The irreducibility, indecomposability, and simplicity provide natural measures of nontriviality of snarks closely related to cyclic connectivity. The present paper is devoted to a detailed investigation of these invariants. The results give a complete characterization of irreducible snarks and characterizations of k-simple snarks for k ≤ 6. A number of problems that have arisen in this research conclude the paper. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pattern of parvovirus B 19 infection during different trimesters of pregnancy in Kuwait.

OBJECTIVE: Aims of this study were to determine the IgG and IgM seropositivity to parvovirus B19 during the three trimesters of pregnancy. METHODS: Initially, a total of 1,047 pregnant women were included in a prospective study. Blood samples were obtained from 343, 406 and 298 cases in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. To study the incidence of seroconversion, a second sample of blood was obtained 2-4 weeks later from the first 100 cases, who were IgG and IgM negative in the first trimester. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM was 53.3% and 2.2%, respectively. The incidence of seroconversion was 16.5%. The rate of fetal loss was 15.4% in patients with acute infection, all of which occurred in the first two trimesters. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of IgG positive cases is significantly higher in first and second trimesters compared to the third trimester. The seroconversion rate was 16.5%.
Resveratrol and para-coumarate serve as ring precursors for coenzyme Q biosynthesis[S]

Coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone) is a redox-active polyisoprenylated benzoquinone lipid essential for electron and proton transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The aromatic ring 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB) is commonly depicted as the sole aromatic ring precursor in Q biosynthesis despite the recent finding that para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) also serves as a ring precursor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Q biosynthesis. In this study, we employed aromatic 13C6-ring-labeled compounds including 13C6-4HB, 13C6-pABA, 13C6-resveratrol, and 13C6-coumarate to investigate the role of these small molecules as aromatic ring precursors in Q biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, S. cerevisiae, and human and mouse cells. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, neither E. coli nor the mammalian cells tested were able to form 13C6-Q when cultured in the presence of 13C6-pABA. However, E. coli cells treated with 13C6-pABA generated 13C6-ring-labeled forms of 3-octaprenyl-4-aminobenzoic acid, 2-octaprenyl-aniline, and 3-octaprenyl-2-aminophenol, suggesting UbiA, UbiD, UbiX, and UbiI are capable of using pABA or pABA-derived intermediates as substrates. E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and human and mouse cells cultured in the presence of 13C6-resveratrol or 13C6-coumarate were able to synthesize 13C6-Q. Future evaluation of the physiological and pharmacological responses to dietary polyphenols should consider their metabolism to Q.
Familial isolated hyperCKaemia associated with a new mutation in the caveolin-3 (CAV-3) gene

An 18 year old man and his mother both presented with persistent, isolated raised serum creatine kinase (hyperCKaemia) without muscle symptoms. Analysis of caveolin-3 protein expression in muscle biopsy of the propositus showed a reduction in the protein. Genetic analysis revealed a new heterozygous mutation in the caveolin-3 (CAV-3) gene: a C→T transition at nucleotide position 83 in exon 1 leading to a substitution of a proline for a leucine at amino acid position 28 (P28L). This is the first pathogenic mutation in the CAV-3 gene associated with isolated familial hyperCKaemia. It expands the genetic heterogeneity in patients with caveolin-3 deficiency and confirms that caveolin-3 deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of isolated hyperCKaemia.