Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tensor Ring Decomposition

Tensor networks have in recent years emerged as the powerful tools for solving the large-scale optimization problems. One of the most popular tensor network is tensor train (TT) decomposition that acts as the building blocks for the complicated tensor networks. However, the TT decomposition highly depends on permutations of tensor dimensions, due to its strictly sequential multilinear products over latent cores, which leads to difficulties in finding the optimal TT representation. In this paper, we introduce a fundamental tensor decomposition model to represent a large dimensional tensor by a circular multilinear products over a sequence of low dimensional cores, which can be graphically interpreted as a cyclic interconnection of 3rd-order tensors, and thus termed as tensor ring (TR) decomposition. The key advantage of TR model is the circular dimensional permutation invariance which is gained by employing the trace operation and treating the latent cores equivalently. TR model can be viewed as a linear combination of TT decompositions, thus obtaining the powerful and generalized representation abilities. For optimization of latent cores, we present four different algorithms based on the sequential SVDs, ALS scheme, and block-wise ALS techniques. Furthermore, the mathematical properties of TR model are investigated, which shows that the basic multilinear algebra can be performed efficiently by using TR representaions and the classical tensor decompositions can be conveniently transformed into the TR representation. Finally, the experiments on both synthetic signals and real-world datasets were conducted to evaluate the performance of different algorithms.
Associative recall of memory without errors.

A neural network which is capable of recalling without errors any set of linearly independent patterns is studied. The network is based on a Hamiltonian version of the model of Personnaz et al. The energy of a state of N (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1) neurons is the square of the Euclidean distance\char22{}in phase space\char22{}between the state and the linear subspace spanned by the patterns. This energy corresponds to nonlocal updatings of the synapses in the learning mode. Results of the mean-field theory (MFT) of the system as well as computer simulations are presented. The stable and metastable states of the network are studied as a function of ``temperature'' T and \ensuremath{\alpha}=p/N, where p is the number of embedded patterns. The maximum capacity of the network is \ensuremath{\alpha}=1. For all \ensuremath{\alpha} (0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\alpha}l1) the embedded patterns are not only locally stable but are global minima of the energy. The patterns appear, as metastable states, below a temperature T=${T}_{M}$(\ensuremath{\alpha}). The temperature ${T}_{M}$(\ensuremath{\alpha}) decreases to zero as \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1. The spurious states of the network are studied in detail in the case of random uncorrelated patterns. At finite p, they are identical to the mixture states of Hopfield's model. At finite \ensuremath{\alpha}, a spin-glass phase exists as a metastable state. According to the replica symmetric MFT the spin-glass state becomes degenerate with the patterns at \ensuremath{\alpha}=${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{g}$=1-2/\ensuremath{\pi} and disappears above it. Possible interpretations of this unusual result are discussed. The average radius of attraction R of the patterns has been determined by computer simulations, for sizes up to N=400. The value of R for 0l\ensuremath{\alpha}l1 depends on the details of the dynamics. Results for both parallel and serial dynamics are presented. In both cases R is unity (the largest distance in phase space by definition) at \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 and decreases monotonically to zero as \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1. Contrary to the MFT, simulations have not revealed, so far, any singularity in the properties of the spurious states at an intermediate value of \ensuremath{\alpha}.
An Economic Evaluation of Small-scale Distributed Electricity Generation Technologies

Numerous renewable and small-scale distributed generation (DG) technologies have now progressed to the stage where their technical feasibility has been proven and full-sclae projects have been successfully implemented worldwide. This paper surveys the available DG technologies and models their economic performance in rural areas of India with particular emphasis on comparing the costs of hybrid DG systems with conventional grid connectionsfor remote rural village-level applications. Modelling inputs are based on demand, fuel, availability, costs and local operating conditions found in the Kachchh District of Gujarat, India. Results demonstrate that hybrid power systems can economically provide electricity in rural areas if local energy resources are adequate. Additional environmental and economic benefits of hybrid DG are also quantified for the case study area and reveal a 40% reduction in diesel fuel use compared to diesel genset only systems.
Characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients requiring mechanical ventilatory support for >24 hrs*

Objectives:To describe the characteristics of a large cohort of cancer patients receiving mechanical ventilation for >24 hrs and to identify clinical features predictive of in-hospital death. Design:Prospective cohort study. Setting:Ten-bed oncologic medical-surgical intensive care unit. Patients:A total of 463 consecutive patients were included over a 45-month period. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Data were collected on the day of admission to the intensive care unit. The intensive care unit and hospital mortality rates were 50% and 64%, respectively. There were 359 (78%) patients with solid tumors and 104 (22%) with hematologic malignancies; 35 (8%) patients had leukopenia. Sepsis (63%), coma (15%), invasion or compression by tumor (11%), pulmonary embolism (7%), and cardiopulmonary arrest (6%) were the main reasons for mechanical ventilation. The independent unfavorable risk factors for mortality were older age (odds ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.61–5.93, for patients 40–70 yrs old, and odds ratio, 9.26; 95% confidence interval, 4.16–20.58, for patients >70 yrs old); performance status 3–4 (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–4.51); cancer recurrence/progression (odds ratio, 3.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.81–6.53); Pao2/Fio2 ratio <150 (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–4.99); Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (excluding respiratory domain, each 4 points; odds ratio, 2.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.70–3.24); and airway/pulmonary invasion or compression by tumor as a reason for mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 5.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.92–17.08). Conclusions:Severity of acute organ failures, poor performance status, cancer status, and older age were the main determinants of mortality. The appropriate use of such easily available clinical characteristics may avoid forgoing intensive care for patients with a chance of survival.
Effect of irrigation by untreated sewage effluents on the micro and potentially toxic elements in soils and plants

In Indian Punjab, industry is still discharging the untreated effluents in the sewage system. Being a cheap source of irrigation, farmers are applying this water to their fields. The composition of these waters varies depending upon the nature of industry. For example, the concentrations of Cd, Ni and Co were higher in sewage water of industrial area manufacturing metallic products than from textile, dye and wool industry. High Cd concentration was observed in sewage water of electroplating industry and Cr content was high in sewage water of leather industry. The Cr content was found to be 140 times higher than the maximum tolerance limit for discharge of effluents on land. In comparison to groundwater, the sewage water had 4 to 2300 times’ higher content of different elements. Soil samples collected from sewage and nonsewage irrigated fields, at different times, from three major cities of Punjab, India showed a build up of elements in fields irrigated by effluent containing sewage water. The accumulation was observed up to 30 to 60 cm depth. The plant samples collected from the same fields also showed higher concentration of most of these elements in different parts. However, the build up in plants was not proportional to the build up in soils, indicating that most of the potentially toxic elements are still being retained by the soils. The accumulation within the crops also varies, in some crops such as cauliflower the accumulation in edible parts was higher as compared to no-edible parts, whereas in other crops such as potato and tomato the reverse trend was observed. The sewage water of non-industrial towns can safely be used directly for irrigation, if it meets the other requirements such as salinity and pH etc. There is a need to pre-treat the effluents of industrial cities/areas before their disposal in the sewage system and also to continuously monitor the status of these elements in soils as well as in crops to prevent any health hazard to human/ animals consuming food grown on such soils.
Sequence comparison by sequence harmony identifies subtype-specific functional sites

Multiple sequence alignments are often used to reveal functionally important residues within a protein family. They can be particularly useful for the identification of key residues that determine functional differences between protein subfamilies. We present a new entropy-based method, Sequence Harmony (SH) that accurately detects subfamily-specific positions from a multiple sequence alignment. The SH algorithm implements a novel formula, able to score compositional differences between subfamilies, without imposing conservation, in a simple manner on an intuitive scale. We compare our method with the most important published methods, i.e. AMAS, TreeDet and SDP-pred, using three well-studied protein families: the receptor-binding domain (MH2) of the Smad family of transcription factors, the Ras-superfamily of small GTPases and the MIP-family of integral membrane transporters. We demonstrate that SH accurately selects known functional sites with higher coverage than the other methods for these test-cases. This shows that compositional differences between protein subfamilies provide sufficient basis for identification of functional sites. In addition, SH selects a number of sites of unknown function that could be interesting candidates for further experimental investigation.
Seven Characteristics Defining Online News Formats

Whilst live blogs have become an established part of the news media ecology, corresponding research is still in its infancy, especially that which examines the crucial question of sourcing practices. Focussing on three UK news organisations – BBC News, the Guardian and the Telegraph – in this article we provide the largest and most comprehensive empirical study to date comparing sourcing practices in online news and live blogs. We analyse sourcing practices across three different genres of live blogging and corresponding online news articles, through a comparative analysis of events broadly categorised as crisis, politics and sport. Our findings suggest that there are some aspects of sourcing practices that are distinct to live blogs, such as directly embedding social media. However, when it comes to polyvocality (the diversity of who gets to speak), genre-specific journalism norms seem to account for more than the affordances of the platform itself and only in sport live blogs are demotic voices habitually included. Based on these findings, we develop a typology of live blogging and online news articles that documents the nuances in sourcing patterns across different news formats and genres, and provide a theoretical basis for future research in this field.
The Criminalisation of Buying Sex: the Politics of Prostitution in Sweden

While there are feminists in other countries who would like to see the buying of sex made illegal, Sweden is indeed unique for having done so. Sweden's popular form of radical feminism has shown itself to be highly effective in mobilising support and creating a broad consensus on an issue which can be very divisive. This article outlines the Swedish debate about prostitution, to find out why legislation was passed which is barely on the agenda in other countries. While the strength and purpose of the women's movement was a key factor, others also played a part. The women's movement was itself rooted in a popular movement tradition that is particularly effective in influencing government policy. The link between drugs and prostitution provided both a rationale and a symbolic discourse for intervention. Fears about foreign prostitutes and liberal practices abroad played a part. Sweden's weak liberal tradition also made the advocacy of the liberal argument difficult.
Energy-aware dynamic resource allocation heuristics for clustered processors

This paper presents dynamic resource allocation heuristics for high-performance clustered processors. The presented heuristics aim at saving power by reducing processor back-end size dynamically and at a cluster level. They do this by occasionally shutting down or gating one of the clusters in a multi-cluster processor. The success of the heuristics depends on power-efficient techniques that can identify times when a processor back-end may be downsized safely (i.e., without performance cost). This paper suggests techniques that work by estimating (a) branch confidence, (b) the available instruction-level parallelism, and (c) instruction flow. It shows that, on average, these methods reduce total energy consumption for a subset of Spec2000 benchmarks by 16% and 10% for dual- and quad-cluster processors respectively. Unlike many energy optimization techniques that trade energy for performance, the proposed techniques reduce energy consumption while improving performance for most benchmarks since they reduce the number of clustering-induced stalls. The best technique yields an average performance improvement of 3.9% for dual-cluster processors and an average performance loss of only 1% for quad-cluster processors.
Product Choice and Oligopoly Market Structure

I propose an empirical model to analyze product differentiation and oligopoly market structure. The model endogenizes firms' product-type decisions, measures how effects of competitors differ depending on their product types, and can incorporate alternative specifications for the product choice game. I estimate using data from oligopoly motel markets along U.S. interstate highways; motel establishments are characterized by their quality choice. The results demonstrate a strong incentive for firms to differentiate. The effects of demand characteristics on product choice are also significant. Game specification is of minor importance, although differences in the games analyzed do affect equilibrium market structure predictions in some cases.
The Pseudo-resultative [V-ko (iss-)] Construction in
 Korean

Korean [. V-ko iss-] expressions are ambiguous between a progressive meaning (P-reading) and a resultative meaning (R-reading). Most previous analyses assume that there is only one construction involved. Only a few previous analyses assume that there are two: the progressive construction, which we will call the P(-reading) construction, and the resultative construction. Under this latter assumption, we argue that the resultative construction has to be further divided into two types. That is, we will show that the seeming resultative [. V-ko iss-] expressions are realizations of two different constructions: the (real) R(-reading) construction and the p(seudo)-R(-reading) construction. Although, unlike the P construction, both of them are modifier-modified constructions, they have different properties. The major source of differences is that of the verbs in the [. V] position: while the verbs in the R construction can indicate a present state with their past tense form, those in the p-R construction have a present state meaning inherently. The p-R construction comprises all those cases in which negative verbal expressions appear in the [. V] position. In addition, this construction is not subject to the constraints operating on the R construction. We will see that the present approach provides a systematic analysis and covers a wider range of data than previous approaches.
Optimization of weld bead geometry in Shielded Metal Arc Welding using Taguchi Based Grey Relational Analysis

-In this paper, the optimization of the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process parameters in wind velocity with multi-response criteria using Taguchi orthogonal array with grey relational analysis is studied. Based on Taguchi L9 orthogonal array nine experimental conditions were performed. The input process parameters such as Welding current, Welding speed and Wind velocity are selected using L9 orthogonal array to obtain the desired output i.e., bead width, reinforcement and depth of penetration. The quality of the weld is evaluated by studying the features of weld bead geometry. Grey relational analysis is applied to optimize the input parameters simultaneously considering output variables. In addition the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also applied to identify the most significant factor. Optimal result has been verified through additional experiment. This indicates application feasibility of the Grey-based Taguchi technique can be improved effectively through this approach. Index Term-Wind velocity, Taguchi Method, Multi-response optimization, Grey relational analysis.
Galactic fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars. Period - amplitude diagram, metallicities and distribution

We have analysed 1455 fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars of the Galactic field, using the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) data. The sample covers 75% of the sky and contains objects in the close neighbourhood of the Sun, within 4 kpc distance. Unlike in the previous analysis of the close field RRab, we see a clear manifestation of the Oosterhoff groups on the period - amplitude diagram. The relation for Oosterhoff I type variables becomes strongly flattened at large V amplitudes, which was not observed for globular cluster RR Lyrae. We calculate photometric metallicities using two available methods: one of Jurcsik & Kovacs (1996) and the other of Sandage (2004). We find significant discrepancies between results from both methods. Comparison with spectroscopic metallicities undoubtedly favors the method of Jurcsik & Kovacs (1996). In addition, we notice that RRab of Oosterhoff II type might follow a different metallicity-period-phase relation than Oosterhoff I type variables. The spatial distribution of Galactic field RRab does not show any metallicity gradients with distance from the Galactic Center in either of the Oosterhoff groups. However, both the older, metal poor Oosterhoff II variables and the metal rich Oosterhoff I RRab become more concentrated to the Galactic plane with increasing metal content.
Locust Swarms - A new multi-optima search technique

Locust Swarms are a new multi-optima search technique explicitly designed for non-globally convex search spaces. They use “smart” start points to scout for promising new areas of the search space before using particle swarms and a greedy local search technique (e.g. gradient descent) to find a local optimum. These scouts start a minimum distance away from the previous optimum, and this gap is an important part of achieving a non-convergent search trajectory. Equally, the search for “smart” start points centers around the previous local optimum, and this provides the basis for also having a non-random search trajectory. Experiments on a 30-dimensional rotated Schwefel function demonstrate that the ability of Locust Swarms to successfully balance these two search characteristics is an important factor in its ability to effectively explore this non-globally convex search space.
BRILI , an English-Spanish Cross-Lingual Question Answering System ⋆

This paper describes the BRILI Cross-lingual Question Answering (CL-QA) system. The BRILI system is capable to answer English questions from Spanish documents. It has participated in the 2006 edition of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF). Some new characteristics in BRILI are described, especially the strategy used for the question processing module in which the Inter Lingual Index (ILI) Module of EuroWordNet (EWN) is used with the aim of reducing the negative effect of question translation on the overall accuracy. The experimental evaluation on the CLEF 2004 set of questions reveals a precision of 34%, which implies an improvement of around 20% in precision in comparison with the monolingual QA system using machine translation. These experiments prove that our system obtains better results than using machine translation and other current bilingual QA systems.
Effects of personality and gender on self–other agreement in ratings of leadership

We explore the role of leader personality (i.e., the Big 5 traits: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism) and gender in self–other (dis)agreement (SOA) in ratings of leadership. We contend that certain aspects of the leader's persona may be more or less related to self- or other-ratings of the leader's behaviour if those aspects are (1) more or less observable by others, (2) more or less related to internal thoughts versus external behaviours, (3) more or less prone to self-enhancement or self-denigrating biases, or (4) more or less socially desirable. We utilize statistical methodologies that capture fully the effects of multiple independent variables on the congruence between two dependent variables (Edwards, 1995, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 64, 307), which previously have not been applied to this area of research. Our results support hypotheses predicting less SOA as leader Conscientiousness increases and greater SOA as Agreeableness and Neuroticism increase. Additionally, we found gender to be an important factor in SOA; female leaders exhibited greater SOA than did their male counterparts. We discuss the implications of these findings, limitations, and future research directions.
FSR 1735 — a new globular cluster candidate in the inner Galaxy

We carry out a large program to classify newly discovered star clusters from Froebrich, Scholz & Raftery in the inner Galaxy. Here, we present a first analysis of a new high-priority globular cluster candidate, FSR 1735 at l = 339.1879; b= -1.8534, based on new deep, near-infrared observations from Sofi at the ESO New Technology Telescope (NTT). A significant peak in the K-band luminosity function is found, which is interpreted as the clump of post-He-flash stars. The distance and the reddening of the cluster are determined to 9.1 kpc and A(K) = 0.5 mag, respectively, the metallicity is estimated to be [M/H]= - 0.8. Radial star density profiles are used to measure the core radius and the tidal radius of the cluster. The lack of signs for ongoing star formation and the position in the Galaxy pose strong arguments against the interpretation of this object as a young or old open cluster. All the observational evidence is in agreement with the interpretation that FSR 1735 is a so far unknown globular cluster in the inner Galaxy.
Empathizing with robots: Fellow feeling along the anthropomorphic spectrum

A long-standing question within the robotics community is about the degree of human-likeness robots ought to have when interacting with humans. We explore an unexamined aspect of this problem: how people empathize with robots along the anthropomorphic spectrum. We conducted a web-based experiment (n = 120) that measured how people empathized with four different robots shown to be experiencing mistreatment by humans. Our results indicate that people empathize more strongly with more human-looking robots and less with mechanical looking robots. We also found that a person's general ability to empathize has no predictive value for expressed empathy toward robots.