Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"You can only claim your yard and not a country": exploring context, discourse and practices of cosmopolitanism amongst African migrants in Johannesburg

Adopting a social constructionist methodology, this research explores the contexts, discourse and practices of cosmopolitanism amongst African migrants in Johannesburg, South(ern) Africa’s economic hub and top migrant destination. The research argues that the central function of this cosmopolitanism is to serve as a counter-narrative to an exclusive South African nationalism and as an expression of a more general struggle to overcome the unwarranted limitations of being born in a country which does not provide enough opportunities. On the basis of both qualitative and quantitative data collected between 2006 and 2008 in Johannesburg, this study challenges the still widely held assumption that cosmopolitanism is not for those whose mobility is ‘unprivileged’ and argues that this assumption becomes particularly unsustainable once situated in the contexts of Africa’s unachieved nation-states, hyper-diverse urban centres and multiple alternative systems of belonging and identity. Instead, this study argues that it is exactly these conditions that have actually allowed a particular type of cosmopolitanism to emerge rather than having suppressed it. The three empirical chapters explore how migrants’ counter-narrative to discourses of nationalism, exclusion and pathologisation of migration constructs notions of mobility and space in particularly cosmopolitan, de-territorialised terms; generates a concept of cultural diversity and the engagement with the Other as normal, enriching and unproblematic; and establishes a more inclusive and multifaceted cosmopolitan social order that is claimed to be morally superior to that of nationalism. Finally, the conclusion provides some pointers towards three central imperatives for future research on cosmopolitanism: firstly, the imperative to address the present disconnect between cosmopolitanism from above and from below – and as part of that the lack of attention to empirical forms of cosmopolitanism; secondly, the importance of paying more attention to the social, cultural and economic contexts in which forms of empirical cosmopolitanism are embedded; and, thirdly, the need to overcome the three ‘isms’ that the majority of research on cosmopolitanism and migration remains stunted by: ethnocentrism, class-centrism and, somewhat ironically, methodological nationalism. The study argues that if we want to know more about how individuals become cosmopolitan agents of change and reformulate social orders ‘from below’, we should begin to treat migrant populations, and particularly those who move within and across the African continent, as a crucial source of knowledge about how to negotiate both the uncertainties and the opportunities that are intrinsic to more de-territorialised, post-national forms of social organisation and identity.
Brief Action Planning to Facilitate Behavior Change and Support Patient Self

Objective:�TodescribeBriefActionPlanning�(BAP),� astructured,�stepped-careself-managementsupport� techniqueforchronicillnesscareanddiseasepreven- tion. •� Methods: Areviewofthetheoryandresearchsupport- ingBAPandthequestionsandskillsthatcomprisethe� techniquewithprovisionofaclinicalexample. •� Results: BAPfacilitatesgoalsettingandactionplan- ningtobuildself-efficacyforbehaviorchange. � Itis� groundedintheprinciplesandpracticeofMotivational� Interviewingandevidence-basedconstructsfromthe� behaviorchangeliterature. �Comprisedofaseriesof� 3�questionsand�5�skills,�BAPcanbeimplemented� bymedicalteamstohelpmeettheself-management� supportobjectivesofthePatient-CenteredMedical� Home. � •� Conclusion: BAPisausefulself-managementsup- porttechniqueforbusymedicalpracticestopromote� healthbehaviorchangeandbuildpatientself-efficacy� forimprovedlong-termclinicaloutcomesinchronic� illnesscareanddiseaseprevention.
Impact of an early physiotherapy program after kidney transplant during hospital stay: a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION Cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal dysfunctions are common in the postoperative period of kidney transplant patients and are often accompanied by low exercise tolerance. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an early physiotherapy program during hospital stay on functional capacity and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength after kidney transplant. METHODS An open, randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplant. Sixty-three patients were included (intervention group-IG: n = 30; control group-CG: n = 33). IG received an early physiotherapy program from first postoperative day until hospital discharge and CG received standard care. The variables of interest were measured preoperatively and at discharge except for respiratory muscle strength and vital capacity (VC), which were also measured on the first postoperative day. Functional capacity was evaluated through six-minute walk test (6MWT); peripheral and respiratory muscle strength using a dynamometer and manovacuometer, respectively; and VC through spirometer. RESULTS After surgery, there was a reduction in functional walking capacity and peripheral muscle strength without different between groups (p > 0.05); however, respiratory muscle strength was significantly higher in IG (p < 0.001) at hospital discharge, when comparing with CG. CONCLUSIONS An early physiotherapy program during hospitalization for patients undergoing living donor kidney transplant caused a lower reduction in respiratory muscle strength and without additional benefits in the functional capacity, when compared to a control group, although the clinical relevance of this finding is uncertain.
NOMA-Based D2D Communications: Towards 5G

In this paper, a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based device-to-device (D2D) communications framework is proposed. A major novelty of the proposed framework is that it introduces the new concept of ``D2D group" which utilizes NOMA transmission, enabling one D2D transmitter to communicate with multiple D2D receivers simultaneously. Based on the considered framework, a resource allocation optimization problem is formulated, where multiple D2D groups are allowed to reuse the same subchannel. The objective of this work is to maximize the system sum rate by satisfying the signal-to-interference- plus-noise (SINR) constraints of both D2D and traditional cellular users. Note that the formulated problem is non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard in nature, thus a novel resource allocation algorithm based on the many- to-one two-sided matching theory is proposed for obtaining a suboptimal solution. It is proved that the proposed algorithm converges to a stable state within limited number of iterations. Numerical results illustrate that: i) the proposed algorithm is an effective approach for obtaining near- optimal performance with acceptable complexity; and ii) the proposed NOMA-based D2D framework is capable of achieving promising gains over traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA)-based D2D framework.
Photonic-tunneling experiments.

Microwave transmission, in both the frequency and the time domain, through undersized waveguides, which corresponds to potential-barrier tunneling, was studied. The transmission properties inside the potential barriers are shown to be separable from the scattering contributions at the boundaries; no phase shift was found inside. Pulsed measurements in the time domain are used to obtain traversal-time values for opaque barriers. Furthermore, resonant-tunneling experiments through a double-barrier configuration have confirmed that the traversal time and the resonant-state lifetime are different physical entities.
Agglomerative hierarchical clustering based on local optimization for cluster validity measures

Modularity is an evaluation measure for graph clustering. Louvain method is constructed by local optimization for modularity and is bottom up method as well as agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Cluster validity measures are used to evaluate cluster partitions as well as modularity. They are traditional evaluation measures in the field of clustering. We propose a novel graph clustering which is based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The proposed method in this study is constructed by local optimization for cluster validity measures. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown through numerical examples. Numerical examples show that the proposed method has different clustering propety from Louvain method because of the feature of cluster validity measures.
Twins with Autism: Utilising Video Feedback to Improve Job-Related Behaviours.

Employment for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a significant factor in assuring quality of life in adulthood. The research reported in this article examines the effectiveness of video feedback (VFB) in improving the job-related behaviours of twin adolescents with ASD and learning disabilities. The targeted behaviours included active engagement, decision-making, responding to others, hygiene, and transition making. A within-participant multiple-probe design across targeted job behaviours, replicated across two participants, was used. The experimental phases of the design consisted of (A) baseline, (B) VFB + job coach evaluation, (C) VFB + concurrent job coach and self-evaluation, and (A) maintenance. Using a modified Behavioral Observation of Students in Schools (BOSS) form broken into one-minute intervals, job coaches evaluated participants on job-related behaviours. Data gathered shows that VFB significantly impacted active engagement, responding to others, hygiene and transitioning. Decision-making was least impacted by the interventions. The use of VFB is one way that job-related behaviours of adolescents with ASD and other disabilities can be positively influenced.
HEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF THE MOUNTAIN LION (Felis concolor)

Normal values for 10 hematologic and 18 blood chemical parameters were calculated for non-kitten mountain lions, Felis concolor. A significant difference (P≤ 0.10) existed between the wild and captive mountain lions sampled for 10 parameters. A significant difference (P ≤ 0.10) existed between the female and male mountain lions sampled for two parameters.
Timing of mesenchymal stem cell delivery impacts the fate and therapeutic potential in intervertebral disc repair

Cell‐based therapies offer a promising approach to treat intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The impact of the injury microenvironment on treatment efficacy has not been established. This study used a rat disc stab injury model with administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) at 3, 14, or 30 days post injury (DPI) to evaluate the impact of interventional timing on IVD biochemistry and biomechanics. We also evaluated cellular localization within the disc with near infrared imaging to track the time and spatial profile of cellular migration after in vivo delivery. Results showed that upon injection into a healthy disc, MSCs began to gradually migrate outwards over the course of 14 days, as indicated by decreased signal intensity from the disc space and increased signal within the adjacent vertebrae. Cells administered 14 or 30 DPI also tended to migrate out 14 days after injection but cells injected 3 DPI were retained at a significantly higher amount versus the other groups (p < 0.05). Correspondingly the 3 DPI group, but not 14 or 30 DPI groups, had a higher GAG content in the MSC injected discs (p = 0.06). Enrichment of MSCs and increased GAG content in 3 DPI group did not lead to increased compressive biomechanical properties. Findings suggest that cell therapies administered at an early stage of injury/disease progression may have greater chances of mitigating matrix loss, possibly through promotion of MSC activity by the inflammatory microenvironment associated with injury. Future studies will evaluate the mode and driving factors that regulate cellular migration out of the disc. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:32–40, 2017.
Comparative Evaluation of a New Effective Population Size Estimator Based on Approximate Bayesian Computation

We describe and evaluate a new estimator of the effective population size (Ne), a critical parameter in evolutionary and conservation biology. This new “SummStat” Ne estimator is based upon the use of summary statistics in an approximate Bayesian computation framework to infer Ne. Simulations of a Wright-Fisher population with known Ne show that the SummStat estimator is useful across a realistic range of individuals and loci sampled, generations between samples, and Ne values. We also address the paucity of information about the relative performance of Ne estimators by comparing the SummStat estimator to two recently developed likelihood-based estimators and a traditional moment-based estimator. The SummStat estimator is the least biased of the four estimators compared. In 32 of 36 parameter combinations investigated using initial allele frequencies drawn from a Dirichlet distribution, it has the lowest bias. The relative mean square error (RMSE) of the SummStat estimator was generally intermediate to the others. All of the estimators had RMSE > 1 when small samples (n = 20, five loci) were collected a generation apart. In contrast, when samples were separated by three or more generations and Ne ≤ 50, the SummStat and likelihood-based estimators all had greatly reduced RMSE. Under the conditions simulated, SummStat confidence intervals were more conservative than the likelihood-based estimators and more likely to include true Ne. The greatest strength of the SummStat estimator is its flexible structure. This flexibility allows it to incorporate any potentially informative summary statistic from population genetic data.
Statistical properties of exoplanets. III. Planet properties and stellar multiplicity

Among the hundred or so extrasolar planets discovered to date, 19 are orbiting a component of a double or multiple star system. In this paper, we discuss the properties of these planets and compare them to the characteristics of planets orbiting isolated stars. Although the sample of planets found in multiple star systems is not large, some differences between the orbital parameters and the masses of these planets and the ones of planets orbiting single stars are emerging in the mass-period and in the eccentricity-period diagrams. As pointed out by Zucker & Mazeh (2002), the most massive short-period planets are all found in multiple star systems. We show here that the planets orbiting in multiple star systems also tend to have a very low eccentricity when their period is shorter than about 40 days. These observations seem to indicate that some kind of migration has been at work in the history of these systems. The properties of the five short-period planets orbiting in multiple star systems seem, however, difficult to explain with the current models of planet formation and evolution, at least if we want to invoke a single mechanism to account for all the characteristics of these planets.
[The relationship between fetal fibronectin, bacteria vaginosis and chorioammionitis].

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship of fetal fibronectin (FFN), Bacteria vaginosis (BV) and chorioamnionitis. To evaluate the diagnostic value of FFN for chorioamnionitis. METHODS FFN was measured by enzyme-labelled immunosordent assay (ELISA) in samples of carvical secretion from 60 pregnant women with BV (study group) and 45 normal pregnant women at same gestational weeks (control group). Positive test was defined as a level of (FFN) > or = 50 ng/ml. RESULTS Positive rate of FFN in pregnant women with BV was significantly higher than that in the normal control group. Incidence of chorioamnionitis and preterm labor in FFN positive cases was significantly higher than that of FFN negative cases. CONCLUSIONS Fetal fibronectin is an important marker for diagnosis and prediction of chorioamnionitis perterm labor and Premature rupture of membranes.
Development of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge in Spanish-speaking language minority learners: A parallel process latent growth curve model

ABSTRACT Despite acknowledgement of the limited English vocabularies demonstrated by many language minority (LM) learners, few studies have identified skills that relate to variation in vocabulary growth in this population. This study investigated the concurrent development of morphological awareness (i.e., students’ understanding of complex words as combinations of meaningful smaller units) and vocabulary for LM learners in early adolescence. A cohort of Spanish-speaking LM learners (n = 90) was followed from fourth through seventh grade and assessed annually. Latent growth modeling results indicated a strong relationship between rates of growth in the two skills, such that learners with rapid growth in derivational morphological awareness also demonstrated rapid growth in vocabulary. Despite positive vocabulary growth during this period, the learners remained far below national norms. Findings highlight the need for language-focused instructional intervention for this population and suggest that morphological awareness may be a promising point of leverage for such instruction.
A Weakly-supervised Approach to Argumentative Zoning of Scientific Documents

Argumentative Zoning (AZ) -- analysis of the argumentative structure of a scientific paper -- has proved useful for a number of information access tasks. Current approaches to AZ rely on supervised machine learning (ML). Requiring large amounts of annotated data, these approaches are expensive to develop and port to different domains and tasks. A potential solution to this problem is to use weakly-supervised ML instead. We investigate the performance of four weakly-supervised classifiers on scientific abstract data annotated for multiple AZ classes. Our best classifier based on the combination of active learning and self-training outperforms our best supervised classifier, yielding a high accuracy of 81% when using just 10% of the labeled data. This result suggests that weakly-supervised learning could be employed to improve the practical applicability and portability of AZ across different information access tasks.
Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma association is not only restricted to elderly patients

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common group of malignant lymphomas, account for 30% of adult non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. The 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification included a new entity, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)+ DLBCL of the elderly, affecting patients aged 50 years or older. However, some reports of younger EBV+ DLBCL cases, without evidence of underlying immunosuppression, can be found. The role of EBV in tumor microenvironment composition in DLBCL is still not well understood. Our aim was to assess EBV presence and latency pattern as well as tumor T‐cell population in an adult DLBCL series of Argentina. The study was conducted on biopsies from 75 DLBCL patients. EBERs expression was performed by in situ hybridization, while EBV gene expression was analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. LMP1, LMP2A, EBNA2, EBNA3A, CD4, CD8 and Foxp3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Nine percent of cases showed EBV expression, with similar frequency among patients younger than 50 years and 50 years or older (13% and 8%, respectively). T‐cell subsets were not altered by EBV presence. Latency type II was the most frequently observed, together with lytic gene expression in EBV+ DLBCL, with ≥20% of EBERs+ cells. These findings suggest that EBV+ DLBCL in our series was similar to the previously described in Asia and Latin‐America, displaying latency II or III expression profile and no age‐specific characteristics. Finally, EBV+ DLBCL may be an entity that is not only restricted to patients who are older than 50 years of age, in consequence the age cutoff revision may be a current goal.
The Effects of Practice on the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT)

Abstract The Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT) is used for selection among applicants to higher education in Sweden. A test taker can, according to the rules for the SweSA T, repeat the test as many times as he/she wants, and the best obtained score is used in the selection procedure if a test taker has more than one valid test score. The effects of repeated test taking is a matter of concern, and earlier studies on the SweSAT indicate that there is a gain in score between the first and the second test taking. With these results as a basis the actual study describes differences in obtained score for all repeaters who have taken the SweSA T exactly twice, and their score at the first test taking are compared with their score at the second test taking. All repeaters at five regular testings are included in this study, and score changes totally as well as on the level of subtests and groups are studied. Difference scores are transformed to standardized mean difference scores in order to compare diffe.
People, Parks and the Urban Green: A Study of Popular Meanings and Values for Open Spaces in the City

Contemporary provision of open spaces within cities rests largely on professional assumptions about its significance in the lives of residents. This paper presents results from the Greenwich Open Space Project which used qualitative research with four, in-depth discussion groups to determine the design of a questionnaire survey of households in the borough. The research shows that the most highly valued open spaces are those which enhance the positive qualities of urban life : variety of opportunities and physical settings; sociability and cultural diversity. The findings lend some support to the approach of the urban conservation movement but present a fundamental challenge to the open-space hierarchy embodied in the Greater London Development Plan. The Project identifies a great need for diversity of both natural settings and social facilities within local areas and highlights the potential of urban green space to improve the quality of life of all citizens.
Image co-saliency detection by propagating superpixel affinities

Image co-saliency detection is a valuable technique to highlight perceptually salient regions in image pairs. In this paper, we propose a self-contained co-saliency detection algorithm based on superpixel affinity matrix. We first compute both intra and inter similarities of superpixels of image pairs. Bipartite graph matching is applied to determine most reliable inter similarities. To update the similarity score between every two superpixels, we next employ a GPU-based all-pair SimRank algorithm to do propagation on the affinity matrix. Based on the inter superpixel affinities we derive a co-saliency measure that evaluates the foreground cohesiveness and locality compactness of superpixels within one image. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated in experimental evaluation.