Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Pengelompokan Siswa Berdasarkan Prestasi Di Jenjang Sekolah Dasar

Students who have high academic grades in school need to be grouped into one class. This paradigm is still inherent in the community and teachers usually use this paradigm to group students who have high academic achievement in the classroom (ability grouping). This research is to provide an overview of the attitudes of teachers, students, and parents with regard to the implementation of ability grouping based on academic achievement. This research is quantitative descriptive study. The study was conducted in one of the public school at Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, grade IV and V, involving 6 classroom teachers grade IV and Grade V, 166 students and 166 parents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Result shows, teacher class A (high achievement) agrees, teacher class B (average achievement) and C (low achievement) do not agree with ability grouping. Most students in grade A, B and C agree with ability grouping. Parents of the class A agree, while the parents of the class B and C do not agree with ability grouping.
Dynamic Coupling of Voltage Sensor and Gate Involved in Closed-State Inactivation of Kv4.2 Channels

Voltage-gated potassium channels related to the Shal gene of Drosophila (Kv4 channels) mediate a subthreshold-activating current (ISA) that controls dendritic excitation and the backpropagation of action potentials in neurons. Kv4 channels also exhibit a prominent low voltage–induced closed-state inactivation, but the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we examined a structural model in which dynamic coupling between the voltage sensors and the cytoplasmic gate underlies inactivation in Kv4.2 channels. We performed an alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the S4-S5 linker, the initial part of S5, and the distal part of S6 and functionally characterized the mutants under two-electrode voltage clamp in Xenopus oocytes. In a large fraction of the mutants (>80%) normal channel function was preserved, but the mutations influenced the likelihood of the channel to enter the closed-inactivated state. Depending on the site of mutation, low-voltage inactivation kinetics were slowed or accelerated, and the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation was shifted positive or negative. Still, in some mutants these inactivation parameters remained unaffected. Double mutant cycle analysis based on kinetic and steady-state parameters of low-voltage inactivation revealed that residues known to be critical for voltage-dependent gate opening, including Glu 323 and Val 404, are also critical for Kv4.2 closed-state inactivation. Selective redox modulation of corresponding double-cysteine mutants supported the idea that these residues are involved in a dynamic coupling, which mediates both transient activation and closed-state inactivation in Kv4.2 channels.
Prevalence of the post‐thrombotic syndrome in young women with previous venous thromboembolism

The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) among 43 young women with a previous single episode of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was 67%, 7% and 0% respectively. Subjects were assessed at a mean 51 months after the event. Moderate PTS was more common in women with recurrent (n = 9) DVT (44%, P < 0.001). Chronic venous insufficiency, assessed by light reflection rheography (LRR), was significantly (P < 0.05) more prevalent in women with single previous DVT (n = 40), recurrent DVT (n = 9) and isolated pulmonary embolism (PE) (n = 19) compared with healthy age‐matched controls (odds ratios 10.9, 52.4 and 3.8 respectively). LRR findings correlated with moderate, but not mild, PTS. There was no correlation between development of PTS and body mass index.
Oxford Handbook on Adam Smith

Adam Smith (1723-90) is a thinker with a distinctive perspective on human behaviour and social institutions. He is best known as the author of the An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). Yet his work is name-checked more often than it is read and then typically it is of an uninformed nature; that he is an apologist for capitalism, a forceful promoter of self-interest, a defender of greed and a critic of any 'interference' in market transactions . To offset this caricature, this Handbook provides an informed portrait. Drawing on the expertise of leading Smith scholars from around the world, it reflects the depth and breadth of Smith's intellectual interests. After an introductory outline chapter on Smith's life and times, the volume comprises 28 new essays divided into seven parts. Five sections are devoted to particular themes in Smith's corpus - his views on Language, Art and Culture; his Moral Philosophy; his Economic thought, his discussions of History and Politics and his analyses of Social Relations. These five parts are framed by one that focuses on the immediate and proximate sources of his thought and the final one that recognizes Smith's status as a thinker of world-historical significance - indicating both his posthumous impact and influence and his contemporary resonance. While each chapter is a discrete contribution to scholarship, the Handbook comprises a composite whole to enable the full range of Smith's work to be appreciated.
Assessing behavioral syndromes in patients with brain tumors using the frontal systems behavior scale (FrSBe).

Background Personality changes following brain tumors may be due to disruption of frontal-subcortical networks. The relation between personality changes and tumor parameters such as volumes of the surgical cavity, residual tumor, or nonspecific white matter abnormalities is unknown. In this study we examined the relation between these tumor parameters and abnormal behaviors typically associated with frontal lobe dysfunction. Methods Thirty-one patients with intracranial tumors who completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) during clinical neuropsychological assessment and had a solitary, well-delimited brain lesion on MRI within 3 months of that assessment were included. Tumor parameters were manually segmented using OsiriX. Nonparametric statistics were used to determine the relationship between tumor parameters and frontal behavioral dysfunction as measured by FrSBe scores. Results Patients reported significantly more behavior problems after tumor diagnosis. Tumor cavity volume was correlated with self-reported Executive Dysfunction (rho = 0.450, P = .047), and there was a trend in the relationship with self-reported Apathy (rho = 0.438, P = .053). Nonspecific white matter abnormality volume was also correlated with self-reported Apathy (rho = 0.810, P = .01). There were no correlations between FrSBe scores and residual tumor volume or summed volumes of tumor-related parameters. Conclusion Our results suggest that tumor parameters have differential effects on behaviors associated with frontal-subcortical networks and corroborate the high frequency of behavioral dysfunction in brain tumor patients. Examination of these relationships in a prospective trial is warranted to establish incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of behavioral disturbances in brain tumor patients.
Association of “Grit” and Satisfaction in Rural and Nonrural Doctors

Background: One potential psychological construct, grit, may help to explain the non-cognitive traits that account for both rural physician satisfaction and retention. We investigated (1) the psychological construct grit among rural and non-rural primary care/specialty care physicians, (2) satisfaction levels and (3), the relationship between the psychological construct grit and satisfaction across combinations of rural/non-rural and primary care/specialty care physicians. Methods: We mailed a cross-sectional questionnaire to 2126 active members of the Idaho Medical Association and Idaho Academy of Family Physicians measuring their self-reported level of grit, satisfaction level and area of specialty. Results: We received responses from 564 physicians (26.5%). Idaho physicians have relatively uniform levels of grit independent of specialty or practice location. Specialty care physicians reported significantly higher levels of ambition, regardless of practice location. Most physicians were satisfied with their practice (91.7%). Specialty care physicians reported a significantly higher difference in their levels of satisfaction with their practice compared to primary care physicians. Conclusions: Idaho primary care and specialty care physicians in both rural and non-rural settings reports themselves as individuals who work hard, persevere despite setbacks, and are ambitious. Furthermore, Idaho physicians are satisfied with their current practices.
Relevance feedback for satellite image change detection

Due to the exponential growth of satellite image collections, there is an increasing need for automatic solutions that assist operators in different applications. Automatic change detection is one of these applications that received an increasing attention during the last years. Nevertheless, fully automatic solutions reach their limitation; on the one hand, it is difficult to build general decision criteria able to select area of changes for different images, and on the other hand, the relevance of changes may differ from one user to another. In this paper, we introduce an alternative change detection method based on relevance feedback. The proposed algorithm is iterative and based on a query and answer (Q&A) model that (i) asks the user the most informative questions about the relevance of his targeted changes, and (ii) according to these answers updates change detection results. Experiments conducted on large satellite images, show that indeed the approach is effective and allows the user to retrieve almost all his targeted changes while discarding the untargeted ones, with a negligible interaction effort.
The Great Recession, Inequality and Occupy Protests around the World

Established wisdom is sceptical of direct linkages between economic hardship and contentious mobilization. Occupy protests seem to constitute an anomaly in this regard by their very existence, but factors associated with these events have not been investigated yet. This study of 398 self-designated Occupy protests across 180 countries finds that the country’s level of inequality was associated with a higher rate of protest. Equally important were the severity of the downturn in GDP growth in 2007–11 and the level of democracy. The results offer some evidence for the ‘inverse J-curve’ hypothesis whereby an economic boom period followed by a downturn is conducive to protest. Few studies have previously investigated the influence of inequality and economic growth on political protest across a diverse set of countries going beyond OECD democracies. The applicability of these findings to protest events more generally needs to be corroborated and discussed in future work.
Concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor C and D in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma

Objective. Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) and VEGF‐D promote both endothelial and lymphatic vascularization during embryonic development. We studied their presence in amniotic fluid (AF) and maternal plasma during pregnancy. Design. Descriptive study. Setting. University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Samples. AF at 14–20 weeks (n = 20) and 38–41 weeks’ of gestation (n = 20), serial plasma samples (n = 38) from 16 healthy pregnant women during 8–40 weeks of pregnancy, and plasma from 15 non‐pregnant controls. Methods. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Main outcome measures. Concentrations of VEGF‐C and ‐D in AF and maternal plasma. Results. VEGF‐C concentrations in AF decrease as pregnancy advances (p = 0.002) and are about 10‐fold lower than in plasma at the corresponding gestational age (p = 0.001). Plasma VEGF‐C concentrations are higher in the first trimester (p = 0.014) and the early second trimester (p = 0.016) than in non‐pregnant women. VEGF‐D is not detectable in AF, but in plasma its concentrations become higher at term compared with non‐pregnant women (p = 0.039). Conclusions. VEGF‐C and ‐D are present in high concentrations in maternal plasma, while only VEGF‐C can be detected in AF.
Decision-Making for Risky Gains and Losses among College Students with Internet Gaming Disorder

Individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) tend to exhibit disadvantageous risky decision-making not only in their real life but also in laboratory tasks. Decision-making is a complex multifaceted function and different cognitive processes are involved in decision-making for gains and losses. However, the relationship between impaired decision-making and gain versus loss processing in the context of IGD is poorly understood. The main aim of the present study was to separately evaluate decision-making for risky gains and losses among college students with IGD using the Cups task. Additionally, we further examined the effects of outcome magnitude and probability level on decision-making related to risky gains and losses respectively. Sixty college students with IGD and 42 matched healthy controls (HCs) participated. Results indicated that IGD subjects exhibited generally greater risk taking tendencies than HCs. In comparison to HCs, IGD subjects made more disadvantageous risky choices in the loss domain (but not in the gain domain). Follow-up analyses indicated that the impairment was associated to insensitivity to changes in outcome magnitude and probability level for risky losses among IGD subjects. In addition, higher Internet addiction severity scores were associated with percentage of disadvantageous risky options in the loss domain. These findings emphasize the effect of insensitivity to losses on disadvantageous decisions under risk in the context of IGD, which has implications for future intervention studies.
List Edge-Colorings of Series-Parallel Graphs

Assume that each edge e of a graph G is assigned a list (set) L(e) of colors. Then an edge-coloring of G is called an L-edge-coloring if each edge e of G is colored with a color contained in L(e). In this paper, we prove that any series-parallel simple graph G has an L-edge-coloring if |L(e)| ≥ max{3, d(v), d(w)} for each edge e = vw, where d(v) and d(w) are the degrees of the ends v and w of e, respectively. Our proof yields a linear algorithm for finding an L-edge-coloring of series-parallel graphs. key words: algorithm, list edge-coloring, series-parallel graph
The role of contact allergy in the spectrum of adverse effects caused by cosmetics and toiletries

Of 982 female clients of beauticians interviewed, 254 (25.9%) thinned to have experienced adverse reactions to cosmetics and toiletries in the preceding 5 years. Most reactions were caused by skincare products (36.6%), followed by personal cleanliness products (29.5%), eye cosmetics (24.0%), deodorants and antiperspirants (12.6%), and facial make‐up products (8.3%), 150 women were patch tested. In the European standard series, only a few positive reactions were seen to possible cosmetic allergens; fragrance mix (n=3), wool alcohols (n=3), formaldehyde (n = 2), balsam of Peru (n=1), and colophony (n=1). In the cosmetic series, only Kathon CG elicited positive patch test reactions (n = 3), Cosmetic allergy was considered to be “proven” in 3 patients (2.0%), and “possible” in 7 (4.7%). It is concluded that contact allergy is, responsible for a minority (<10%) of all reactions to cosmetics and toiletries, The majority of reactions are due to irritation from personal cleanliness products such as soups, shampoos, bath foams and from deodorants, or worsening of pre‐existing dermatoses such as seborrhoeic dermatitis and acne.
Quantum error detection I: Statement of the problem

This paper is devoted to the problem of error detection with quantum codes. We show that it is possible to give a consistent definition of the undetected error event. To prove this, we examine possible problem settings for quantum error detection. Our goal is to derive a functional that describes the probability of undetected error under natural physical assumptions concerning transmission with error detection with quantum codes. We discuss possible transmission protocols with stabilizer and unrestricted quantum codes. The set of results proved in the paper shows that in all the cases considered the average probability of undetected error for a given code is essentially given by one and the same function of its weight enumerators. We examine polynomial invariants of quantum codes and show that coefficients of Rains's (see ibid., vol44, p.1388-94, 1998) "unitary weight enumerators" are known for classical codes under the name of binomial moments of the distance distribution. As in the classical situation, these enumerators provide an alternative expression for the probability of undetected error.
Cohort Trends in Media Use in the United States

In this study, I replicate recent research conducted in Germany (Peiser, 1996) on differential effects of television on birth cohorts' media use in the first 2 decades after the diffusion of television. Cohort analyses of television viewing, attitude toward television, and newspaper reading were conducted using secondary data from the corresponding decades in the United States. Unlike in Germany, the American television generation apparently developed a closer relation with television than the preceding cohorts. As in Germany, newspaper reading was lower among the younger cohorts. The study's results point to a displacement process in the United States, and they suggest that the effects of growing up with television may depend on a country's television system.
Incidence of tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia in African Caribbean patients on long-term antipsychotic treatment: the Curaçao extrapyramidal syndromes study V.

OBJECTIVE Tardive dyskinesia (TD) and tardive dystonia (TDt) syndromes represent severe side effects of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs). Although second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) confer a lower risk for tardive syndromes, many patients continue to use FGAs alone or in combination with SGAs. Some patients remain free of TD or TDt even after many years of antipsychotic treatment with predominantly FGAs. Do these patients remain at risk for TD or TDt and, consequently, should a switch to SGAs be considered? A longitudinal cohort study in patients on long-term antipsychotic treatment may answer this question. METHOD A 9-year cohort study (1992-2001) was conducted of the whole, mostly chronic, psychiatric inpatient population on the Caribbean island of Curaçao (N = 194). Almost all patients (95%) were of African Carribean origin. TD and TDt were assessed (1 baseline, 6 follow-ups) with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale and the Fahn-Marsden rating scale, respectively. New cases of TD or TDt were diagnosed if they fulfilled the criteria at 2 successive follow-up visits. RESULTS In patients with a mean antipsychotic use of approximately 18 years, the yearly incidence rates of TD and TDt were 10.2% (95% CI = 7.7 to 13.5) and 0.7% (95% CI = 0.4 to 1.5), respectively. The severity of TD was strongly associated with the severity of TDt (beta = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.14) and vice versa (beta = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.16). TD severity was positively associated with age and akathisia but negatively associated with parkinsonism. CONCLUSIONS Patients who are free of TD after many years of antipsychotic treatment still have a considerable risk for TD. Switching to an SGA may be warranted. The risk for incident TDt in this group was very low.
Enhancement of shelf life of paneer by adopting hurdle technology

Citric acid, lactic acid and vinegar were tested for their relative efficiency in improving shelf life of paneer. Diced paneer cubes (~1.5 cm3) were dipped in to three different acids viz. citric acid (T1), lactic acid (T2) and Vinegar (T3) each having 4% strength at 30+1 OC for 10 min followed by drying to a moisture content of 30-35% under vacuum (680-720 mm Hg). The partially dried paneer cubes were packaged in composite polyethylene terephthalate /low-density polyethylene film (50 μ thickness). Treatment of paneer with lactic acid (T2) and vinegar (T3) resulted in enhanced shelf-life up to 90 d under refrigerated (7±2 OC) storage conditions whereas paneer treated with citric acid was found to be acceptable up to 60 days of storage. Upon rehydration in hot water (70-80 C) for 30 min, the paneer obtained had rheological properties at par (P>0.05) with that of fresh paneer. The paneer so obtained is suitable for use in Indian cuisines.
Isolation and Characterisation of Four cDNAs Encoding Neuromedin U (NMU) From the Brain and Gut of Goldfish, and the Inhibitory Effect of a Deduced NMU on Food Intake and Locomotor Activity

In rodents, neuromedin U (NMU; U for its original effects examined in the uterus) is a multifunctional neuropeptide implicated in the regulation of the circulatory and digestive systems and energy homeostasis, especially appetite. However, there is no available information on the nature and physiological roles of NMU in fish. Therefore, we attempted to isolate and characterise transcripts encoding NMU from the brain and gut of the goldfish, and to examine the involvement of NMU in the regulation of feeding behaviour in this species. We identified four cDNAs encoding three NMU orthologs from the brain and gut. Putative peptides consisting of 21, 25 and 38 amino acid residues (NMU‐21, NMU‐25 and NMU‐38) were deduced from their nucleotide sequences. Two mRNAs for NMU‐25 were strongly expressed in the gut and weakly expressed in the brain and testis. By contrast, mRNA for NMU‐21 was strongly expressed in the brain and weakly expressed in the peripheral tissues. Expression of mRNA for NMU‐38 was weakly expressed only in the brain. Therefore, we examined the effect of feeding status on the expression of NMU‐21 mRNA in the brain. Fasting for 7 days induced a significant decrease in the expression levels of NMU‐21 mRNA in the brain. We also synthesised NMU‐21 after deducing its C‐terminal amide from the NMU‐21 mRNA, and then investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NMU‐21 on food intake and locomotor activity in the goldfish. NMU‐21, injected i.c. v. , suppressed food intake and locomotor activity in a dose‐dependent manner. These results suggest that NMU orthologs exist in fish, and that the NMU‐21 deduced from them can potently inhibit food intake and locomotor activity in goldfish.
Modulation of Hyperreactivity to 35% CO2 After One Week of Treatment With Paroxetine and Reboxetine: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study

Abstract: The effects of short treatments (7 days) with paroxetine and with reboxetine on the reactivity to inhalations of 35% carbon dioxide (CO2)/65% oxygen (O2) were compared in 28 patients with Panic Disorder who had positive responses to 35% CO2 inhalations. A double-blind, randomized design was applied. Each patient was given the 35% CO2 challenge on days 0 (before starting the treatment) and 7. Anxiety reactivity to CO2 decreased significantly with both drugs but the decrease was significantly stronger in the group treated with paroxetine. The rate of patients whose reactivity has reduced of at least 50% after 7 days was significantly higher in the group treated with paroxetine (10/14, 71.5%) than in the one treated with reboxetine (3/14, 21.5%). These results indicate that the modulation of the serotonergic system is more relevant for CO2 hyperreactivity than the modulation of the noradrenergic one.