Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of performance vedic multiplier on the basis of adders used

Vedic multiplier is an efficient system for faster result and optimized circuit design. Maintaining higher throughput in arithmetic operations is important to achieve the desired performance in many real-time applications. One of the key arithmetic operations in such applications is to achieve faster multiplication. Vedic Mathematics is one of the fast and low power multiplier. In the present paper, area, delay and power of a Vedic multiplier is taken into consideration for the comparison. The results that were taken for comparison has previously done and here that results were constituted in this paper for comparative study to choose the better adder. These parameters are compared for different adders such as Carry look ahead adder(CLA), Carry select adder(CSLA), Ladner Fischer adder(LFA), Brent Kung adder(BKA), Kogge Stone adder(KSA) and compressors in Vedic multiplier. The number of adders can be minimized by using special adders called compressors which can add more number of bits at a time. This paper gives information of Urdhva Tiryakbhyam algorithm of Vedic Mathematics which is utilized for multiplication to improve the speed and area of multipliers. The power consumption of vedic multiplier depends on the type of the adder used so a comparison which has already done in RTL Cadence compiler is taken for the comparative study here.
Factor Structure of the Psychotherapy Supervisor Development Scale

Abstract The goodness of fit of 3 models of factor structure of the Psychotherapy Supervisor Development Scale (PSDS; C. E. Watkins, L. J. Schneider, J. Haynes, & R. Nieberding. 1995) were examined using a sample of counseling supervisors. The results indicated that the factor structure of the PSDS was largely consistent with the original 4-factor model developed on a sample of psychotherapy supervisors.
Pronunciation reduction: how it relates to speech style, gender, and age

Many studies have shown that speech style affects pronunciation reduction, mixed results have been obtained for gender, and few results have been published regarding the relationship between age and reduction. In the present paper we investigate how pronunciation reduction is related to speech style, gender and age. Significant effects were found for speech style and age, while the effect of gender was not significant.
TRAF6 Inhibition Rescues Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a unique E3 ubiquitin ligase and adaptor protein, is involved in activation of various signaling cascades. Recent studies identify TRAF6 as one of the novel regulators of skeletal muscle atrophy. The role of TRAF6 in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy, however, remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that TRAF6 and its downstream signaling molecules, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFBx) and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1), were all upregulated in dexamethasone-induced atrophy of mouse C2C12 myotubes or mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. To further investigate the role of TRAF6 in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy, TRAF6-siRNA was used to transfect cultured C2C12 myotubes or was injected into the TA muscle of mice respectively, and we note that TRAF6 knockdown attenuated dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo, and concomitantly decreased the expression of MuRF1 and MAFBx. Our findings suggest that a decreased expression of TRAF6 could rescue dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through, at least in part, regulation of the expression of MAFBx and MuRF1.
A Sense of Self: The Life of Fatma Barka

ResumeFatma Barka, nee quelque part au Mali entre 1900 et 1910 est un creation de l’esclavage. Elle est morte a Goulimine au Maroc en 1995. Elle a ete aussi concubine, epouse, mere, maitresse de maison, cuisiniere, marchande de pain et ouvriere d’usine. Son histoire reflete de nombreuses question soulevees par la litterature actuelle sur l’esclavage. Mais quand Fatma parlait, ce n’etait pas de liberte. Cet article s’efforce de comprendre ce que Fatma essayait de dire a propos de sa vie et “d’elle-meme. ” Il se refere aux discussions habituelles dans l’histoire feministe orale, dans l’etude des biographes et dans la critique litteraire des recits d’esclaves. Il explore la maniere dont les differences dans les constructions de textes refletent les differences dans la description de la realite; il met en question la capacite des historien a comprendre le discours oral et suggere en fin de compte d’observer l’esclavage sous un angle different dans les societes musulmanes.
Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata L . , Osteichthyes , Sparidae ) fed dietary oxidised oil : Attenuation by dietary vitamin

Previously, we had shown that altering the highly unsaturated fatty acid(HUFA)/vitamin E ratios in sea bream (Sparus aurata) livers significantly affected their peroxidation status, with fish fed the diet rich in HUFA and low in vitamin E showing significantly higher values of lipid peroxidation products, without, however, significant effects on liver antioxidant defence enzyme activities. The aim of the present trial was to further characterise the biochemical indicators of peroxidative stress in juvenile sea bream. A high pro-oxidative stress was induced by feeding diets containing around 7% of the dry weight as n-3HUFA. The potential peroxidative stress was increased by oxidising the oil, increasing the peroxide value of the oil some 10-fold. These oils were fed without or with supplemental vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate at 200 mg.kg dry diet) giving four diets in total. Fish were sampled after 30 and 60 days of feeding the experimental diets. None of the diets had any serious deleterious effects on growth and mortality of the fish during the trial. Similarly, there were few significant effects due to dietary oxidised oil or supplementary vitamin E on liver lipid and fatty acid profiles of livers and, in particular, the proportions of HUFA were not decreased by dietary oxidised oil. The vitamin E content of the liver reflected the vitamin E contents of the diets but was also affected by dietary oxidised oil being reduced by oxidised oil in fish fed diets without supplemental vitamin E but, unexpectedly, increased by oxidised oil in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin E. Liver TBARS levels were significantly lower in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin E whereas dietary oxidised oil had no major effects on lipid peroxidation products. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were both increased in fish fed dietary oxidised oil and reduced by supplementary vitamin E after 30 days feeding. In contrast glutathione peroxidase was less affected by the diets, and the activities of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase were only reduced by dietary vitamin E after 60 days of feeding. However, all the enzyme activities were significantly affected by the duration of feeding, but the number of interactions between the three factors (time, oil and vitamin E) showed that the relationships were complicated. In conclusion, the present study showed that feeding diets containing oxidized oil significantly affected the activities of liver antioxidant defence enzymes and that dietary vitamin E partially abrogated these effects. Growth and survival of the fish were relatively unaffected suggesting that the responses in sea bream offered effective protection. However, the duration of feeding the diets of high pro-oxidative stress was observed to have a hitherto unknown effect, possibly the result of an adaptive process, but which requires further investigation.
Asymptotic behavior of maximum likelihood estimates of superimposed exponential signals

Strong consistency and asymptotic normality are derived for the maximum-likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the unknown parameters ( omega /sub 1/,. . ., omega /sub p/), ( alpha /sub 1/,. . ., alpha /sub p/), and sigma /sup 2/ in the superimposed exponential model for signals, Y/sub t/= Sigma alpha exp (it omega /sub k/)+e/sub t/, where the summation is from k=1 to p, t=0, 1, . , n-1, and sigma /sup 2/ is the variance of the complex normal distribution of e/sub t/. As a by-product, it is found that the MLEs of the parameters attain the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the asymptotic covariance matrix. >
Accelerated Systemic Autoimmunity in the Absence of Somatic Hypermutation in 564Igi: A Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus with Knocked-In Heavy and Light Chain Genes

564Igi mice have knocked-in immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) and light (L) chain genes that encode an autoantibody recognizing RNA. Previously, we showed that these mice produce pathogenic IgG autoantibodies when activation-induced deaminase (AID) is expressed in pre-B and immature B cells but not when it is expressed only in mature B cells. AID has two functions; it is necessary for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). To determine the role of each of these functions in the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies, we generated 564Igi mice that carry a mutant AID-encoding gene, Aicda (AicdaG23S), which is capable of promoting CSR but not SHM. We found that 564Igi AicdaG23S mice secreted class-switched antibodies (Abs) at levels approximately equal to 564Igi mice. However, compared to 564Igi mice, 564Igi AicdaG23S mice had increased pathogenic IgG Abs and severe systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease, including, glomerulonephritis, and early death. We suggest that in 564Igi mice SHM by AID changes Ig receptors away from self reactivity, thereby mitigating the production of autoantibody, providing a novel mechanism of tolerance.
Imprints of Dyslexia: Implicit Learning and the Cerebellum

Dyslexia, a learning disability affecting reading and spelling, occurs in 3-10% of the general population. For many people diagnosed early in life the symptoms of dyslexia persist into adulthood causing them difficulties with functioning in the modern society so much reliant on the written word. This dissertation assesses the manifestations of developmental dyslexia in behavior, cognition and neuroanatomy as predicted by the procedural deficit hypothesis. According to the theory, a dysfunction in the cortico-cerebellar network responsible for procedural learning in both the motor and the language domains causes impoverished implicit motor and language learning abilities and eventually difficulties with language and motor skills in people with dyslexia. The study described in this dissertation was conducted in a group of adult participants with dyslexia and a group of IQ- and age-matched controls. The general design of the investigation included three parts, the neuropsychological, the cognitive and the neuroanatomical. In the neuropsychological part the language and the motor symptoms of dyslexia were examined. Along with the reading-related problems, difficulties with abilities associated with such functions of the cerebellum as fine motor skills and time estimation abilities in people with dyslexia were discovered. The cognitive part addressed the explicit and implicit learning abilities studied with the help of the artificial language learning and the serial reaction time paradigms. While the explicit learning ability, thought to be dissociated from the implicit learning one, was found to be intact in people with developmental dyslexia, indications of deficient implicit learning abilities in both the motor and the language domains were observed. Both groups of participants showed learning on the implicit motor learning task, with the group of participants with dyslexia being slightly delayed. Learning on the implicit language learning task was observed only in the control group, the group with dyslexia exhibiting chance performance. In the neuroanatomical part the participants’ cerebellar volume and the asymmetry between the cerebellar hemispheres was examined by means of structural MRI. No differences in the volume of the two hemispheres or in the asymmetry between the two hemispheres in the two groups were detected. Importantly, this study examined the three levels, behavior, cognition and neuroanatomy, in the same group of people with dyslexia. While differences between people with and without dyslexia were found in the neuropsychological and the cognitive investigations, they were not detected on the neurological level. The neuroanatomical manifestations of dyslexia might be more obvious in children or in the function of the cerebellum rather than its structure. Further investigations in these directions might appear fruitful.
Lack of effect of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine against influenza A(H3N2) infections in hospitalised patients in winter 2012.

AIM This study sought to assess the effectiveness of the 2012 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in preventing admission with confirmed influenza A(H3N2) infection and whether vaccination status influenced the duration or outcome. METHODS We used the CDHB Delphic Laboratory Information System to identify 100 consecutive patients with confirmed influenza A(H3N2) infection. The patients were contacted via telephone and asked whether they had received the seasonal influenza vaccine prior to their hospital admission. We collected information such as age, gender, documented co-morbidities, smoking status, ICU admission, length of stay, and final outcome of admission and compared these between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. RESULTS A total of 92 participants could be contacted and participated; 67 these reported having been vaccinated with the 2012 seasonal influenza vaccine prior to their admission. There were no significant differences in length of stay or final outcome in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients. CONCLUSION This audit shows that the 2012 seasonal influenza vaccine did not provide significant protection against the H3N2 influenza strain in Canterbury. Vaccination did not alter the clinical course or final outcome in patients infected with H3N2 influenza.
A three-dimensional in vitro ovarian cancer coculture model using a high-throughput cell patterning platform

The majority of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed after the disease has metastasized to local and distant sites [1]. The survival rate remains low (approx. 30%) mostly due to residual disease, which does not fully respond to the consecutive chemotherapy treatment [2]. It is clear that new treatments are urgently needed to improve the clinical management of this deadly disease. Inadequate progress in this area is partly due to poor predictive capability of traditional cell culture models for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. This situation points to the need for in vitro cancer models that more accurately emulate human disease in vivo for high-throughput assessment of new therapies.A variety of models for in vitro cancer growth and treatment have made significant advances toward mimicking in vivo tumor architecture and growth behavior as compared to cells grown on flat 2D tissue culture substrates. In vivo, tumors are complex tissues composed of, in the case of carcinomas, stromal cells such as fibroblasts [3, 4] and endothelial cells [5, 6]. Fibroblasts are among the most important stromal signaling partners found within the various forms Research Article
Should I stay or should I go? Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking in plant innate immunity

Communication between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is a fundamental feature of eukaryotic cells. Bidirectional transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope is typically mediated by receptors and occurs exclusively through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The components and molecular mechanisms regulating nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and signalling processes are well studied in animals and yeast but are poorly understood in plants. Current work shows that components of the NPC and the nuclear import and export machinery play essential roles in plant innate immunity. Translocation of defence regulators and Resistance (R) proteins between the cytoplasm and the nucleus are recently uncovered aspects of plant defence responses against pathogens. Future studies will reveal more details on the spatial and temporal dynamics and regulation of this process.
Personalized Ad Recommendation Systems for Life-Time Value Optimization with Guarantees

In this paper, we propose a framework for using reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to learn good policies for personalized ad recommendation (PAR) systems. The RL algorithms take into account the long-term effect of an action, and thus, could be more suitable than myopic techniques like supervised learning and contextual bandit, for modern PAR systems in which the number of returning visitors is rapidly growing. However, while myopic techniques have been well-studied in PAR systems, the RL approach is still in its infancy, mainly due to two fundamental challenges: how to compute a good RL strategy and how to evaluate a solution using historical data to ensure its "safety" before deployment. In this paper, we propose to use a family of off-policy evaluation techniques with statistical guarantees to tackle both these challenges. We apply these methods to a real PAR problem, both for evaluating the final performance and for optimizing the parameters of the RL algorithm. Our results show that a RL algorithm equipped with these off-policy evaluation techniques outperforms the myopic approaches. Our results also give fundamental insights on the difference between the click through rate (CTR) and life-time value (LTV) metrics for evaluating the performance of a PAR algorithm.
Fluorescent knock-in mice to decipher the physiopathological role of G protein-coupled receptors

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate most physiological functions but are also critically involved in numerous pathological states. Approximately a third of marketed drugs target GPCRs, which places this family of receptors in the main arena of pharmacological pre-clinical and clinical research. The complexity of GPCR function demands comprehensive appraisal in native environment to collect in-depth knowledge of receptor physiopathological roles and assess the potential of therapeutic molecules. Identifying neurons expressing endogenous GPCRs is therefore essential to locate them within functional circuits whereas GPCR visualization with subcellular resolution is required to get insight into agonist-induced trafficking. Both remain frequently poorly investigated because direct visualization of endogenous receptors is often hampered by the lack of appropriate tools. Also, monitoring intracellular trafficking requires real-time visualization to gather in-depth knowledge. In this context, knock-in mice expressing a fluorescent protein or a fluorescent version of a GPCR under the control of the endogenous promoter not only help to decipher neuroanatomical circuits but also enable real-time monitoring with subcellular resolution thus providing invaluable information on their trafficking in response to a physiological or a pharmacological challenge. This review will present the animal models and discuss their contribution to the understanding of the physiopathological role of GPCRs. We will also address the drawbacks associated with this methodological approach and browse future directions.
Experimental evaluation of position control methods for hydraulic systems

Presents a unified and systematic assessment of ten position control strategies for a hydraulic servo system with single-ended cylinder driven by a proportional directional control valve. We aim at identifying those methods that achieve better tracking, have a low sensitivity to system uncertainties, and offer a good balance between development effort and end results. A formal approach for solving this problem relies on several practical metrics, which is introduced herein. Their choice is important, as the comparison results between controllers can vary significantly, depending on the selected criterion. Apart from the quantitative assessment, we also raise aspects which are difficult to quantify, but which must stay in attention when considering the position control problem for this class of hydraulic servo systems.
Novel Word Embedding and Translation-based Language Modeling for Extractive Speech Summarization

Word embedding methods revolve around learning continuous distributed vector representations of words with neural networks, which can capture semantic and/or syntactic cues, and in turn be used to induce similarity measures among words, sentences and documents in context. Celebrated methods can be categorized as prediction-based and count-based methods according to the training objectives and model architectures. Their pros and cons have been extensively analyzed and evaluated in recent studies, but there is relatively less work continuing the line of research to develop an enhanced learning method that brings together the advantages of the two model families. In addition, the interpretation of the learned word representations still remains somewhat opaque. Motivated by the observations and considering the pressing need, this paper presents a novel method for learning the word representations, which not only inherits the advantages of classic word embedding methods but also offers a clearer and more rigorous interpretation of the learned word representations. Built upon the proposed word embedding method, we further formulate a translation-based language modeling framework for the extractive speech summarization task. A series of empirical evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed word representation learning and language modeling techniques in extractive speech summarization.
Antiplatelet Agents Inhibit the Generation of Platelet-Derived Microparticles

Platelet microparticles (PMPs) contribute to thrombogenesis but the effects of antiplatelet drugs on PMPs generation is undefined. The present study investigated the cellular events regulating PMPs shedding, testing in vitro platelet agonists and inhibitors. Platelet-rich plasma from healthy subjects was stimulated with arachidonic acid (AA), U46619, collagen type-I (10 and 1.5 μg/mL), epinephrine, ADP or TRAP-6 and pre-incubated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 and 10 μmol/L), SQ-29,548, apyrase, PSB-0739, or eptifibatide. PMPs were detected by flow-cytometry using CD61 and annexin-V as fluorescent markers. Platelet agonists induced annexin V-positive PMPs shedding. The strongest response was to high concentration collagen. ADP-triggered PMPs shedding was dose-independent. ASA reduced PMPs induced by AA- (645, 347–2946 vs. 3061, 446–4901 PMPs/μL; median ad range, n = 9, P < 0.001), collagen 10 μg/mL (5317, 2027–15935 vs. 10252, 4187–46316 PMPs/μL; n = 13, P < 0.001), collagen 1.5 μg/mL (1078, 528–2820 vs. 1465, 582–5948 PMPs/μL; n = 21, P < 0.001) and TRAP-6 (2008, 1621–2495 vs. 2840, 2404–3031 PMPs/μL; n = 3, P < 0.01) but did not affect the response to epinephrine or ADP. The ADP scavenger apyrase reduced PMPs induced by U46619 (1256, 395–2908 vs. 3045, 1119–5494 PMPs/μL, n = 6, P < 0.05), collagen 1.5 μg/mL (1006, 780–1309 vs. 2422, 1839–3494 PMPs/μL, n = 3, P < 0.01) and TRAP-6 (904, 761–1224 vs. 2840, 2404–3031 PMPs/μL, n = 3, P < 0.01). The TP receptor antagonist SQ-29,548 and the P2Y12 receptor antagonist PSB-0739 markedly inhibited PMPs induced by low doses of collagen. Except for high-dose collagen, eptifibatide abolished agonist-induced PMPs release. Both TXA2 generation and ADP secretion are required as amplifiers of PMP shedding. The crucial role of the fibrinogen receptor and the collagen receptor in PMPs generation, independently of platelet aggregation, was identified.