Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALGORITHMS FOR SEAWIFS STANDARD PRODUCTS DEVELOPED WITH THE CALCOFI BIO-OPTICAL DATA

Funding from NASA’s Ocean Biogeochemistry Program and the Goddard Space Flight Center SeaWiFS Project was used to implement an ocean optics program as part of the routine cruises of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI). Since August 1993, data from more than 300 bio-optical stations have been acquired, merged with complementary data, and made available for developing remote sensing algorithms. The profiling instrument consisted of a Biospherical Instruments, Inc. MER-2040/2041 radiometer integrated with CTD probes, a transmissometer, and a fluorometer. A detailed calibration time series of the radiance and irradiance sensors has been maintained to ensure maximum accuracy. The data set has been used to develop empirical algorithms for SeaWiFS standard products including chlorophyll a (chl a), “CZCS pigments,” and diffuse attenuation coefficient Kd(490). Algorithms using cubic regressions of remote sensing reflectance (RVJ ratios provided the best estimation of chl a and pigments over the f d range of chl a (0.05-22.3 mg mP3). Multiple linear regressions of multiple-band ratios proved to be less robust. Relationships between spectral K and chl a suggest that previous K algorithms may have errors due to estimates of pure-water absorption. INTRODUCTION The Southern Cahfornia Bight region, &om San Diego to just north of Point Conception, is a region with one of the longest, most comprehensive time series of marine observations-California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOF1)-which has been jointly sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the University of California, and the California Department of Fish and Game for more than 40 years. The Southern California Bight is part of the California Current system, a region which has been well studied with respect to its regional optical properties in an effort to develop regional ocean color algorithms (Smith and Baker 1978a, b; Gordon et al. 1983; Mitchell and Kiefer 1988; Sosik and Mitchell 1995). The CalCOFI region encompasses a large dynamic range of coastal and open-ocean trophic structure. Optics [Manuscript received November 10, 1997.1 data have been collected for chl a concentrations at the surface ranging over three orders of magnitude, from 0.05 mg mp3 for offshore stations to over SO mg m-3 during a massive red tide bloom at Scripps Pier. The taxonomic coniposition across the onshore-offshore gradient ranges from a dinoflagellate/diatom-dominated coastal community to a picoplankton-dominated community offshore. The of6hore region of CalCOFI is typical of the open-ocean oligotrophic subtropical gyres, with low surface chl a, a deep chl a maximum between 100 and 130 ni, and a nutriclirie between 120 and 150 m. The current CalCOFI station grid (fig. 1) has 66 stations. O n each cruise, approximately 25 of the CalCOFI stations are suitable for remote sensing reflectance measurements during daylight hours.
Renin release in rats during blockade of nitric oxide synthesis.

The influence of renal perfusion pressure on renin release was examined in rats administered the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Compared with the control plasma renin of 6.0 +/- 0.7 ng angiotensin I (ANG I). ml-1.h-1, plasma renin activity was suppressed (1.8 +/- 0.2 ng ANG I.ml-1.h-1, P < 0.05) in L-NAME-treated animals in which the renal perfusion pressure was permitted to increase and reached 141 +/- 8 mmHg. Plasma renin activity also was suppressed (2.5 +/- 0.4 ng ANG I.ml-1.h-1, P < 0.05) in a second L-NAME-treated group in which the renal perfusion pressure was controlled to a level of 105 +/- 5 mmHg via tightening of a suprarenal aortic snare. Plasma renin activity was increased (12.0 +/- 1.4 ng ANG I.ml-1.h-1, P < 0.05) in a third L-NAME-treated group in which renal perfusion pressure was reduced to 59 +/- 1 mmHg. Overall, these findings suggest that the intrarenal pressure-sensing mechanism for renin release does not stringently require nitric oxide synthesis. In a second experimental series, bilaterally renal-denervated rats were administered L-NAME, and again plasma renin activity was suppressed significantly whether renal perfusion pressure was permitted to increase or was controlled. Thus L-NAME also suppressed plasma renin activity independently of reflex reductions in renal neuroadrenergic activity even when renal perfusion pressure was controlled. Infusions of sodium nitroprusside completely inhibited L-NAME-induced suppression of plasma renin activity in these renal-denervated rats. Nitric oxide may function as a paracrine stimulatory mechanism for the local regulation of renin release.
Technology adoption and use theory review for studying scientists' continued use of cyber-infrastructure

In this paper, we seek to identify factors that might increase the likelihood of adoption and continued use of cyber-infrastructure by scientists. To do so, we review the main research on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) adoption and use by addressing research problems, theories and models used, findings, and limitations. We focus particularly on the individual user perspective. We categorize previous studies into two groups: Adoption research and post-adoption (continued use) research. In addition, we review studies specifically regarding cyber-infrastructure adoption and use by scientists and other special user groups. We identify the limitations of previous theories, models and research findings appearing in the literature related to our current interest in scientists' adoption and continued use of cyber-infrastructure. We synthesize the previous theories and models used for ICT adoption and use, and then we develop a theoretical framework for studying scientists' adoption and use of cyber-infrastructure. We also proposed a research design based on the research model developed. Implications for researchers and practitioners are provided.
Exploiting Locality in Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication on Many-Core Architectures

Exploiting spatial and temporal localities is investigated for efficient row-by-row parallelization of general sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) operation of the form <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C=A\,B$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="aykanat-ieq1-2656893.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> on many-core architectures. Hypergraph and bipartite graph models are proposed for 1D rowwise partitioning of matrix <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="aykanat-ieq2-2656893.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> to evenly partition the work across threads with the objective of reducing the number of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="aykanat-ieq3-2656893.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-matrix words to be transferred from the memory and between different caches. A hypergraph model is proposed for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="aykanat-ieq4-2656893.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>-matrix column reordering to exploit spatial locality in accessing entries of thread-private temporary arrays, which are used to accumulate results for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $C$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="aykanat-ieq5-2656893.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> -matrix rows. A similarity graph model is proposed for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="aykanat-ieq6-2656893.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-matrix row reordering to increase temporal reuse of these accumulation array entries. The proposed models and methods are tested on a wide range of sparse matrices from real applications and the experiments were carried on a 60-core Intel Xeon Phi processor, as well as a two-socket Xeon processor. Results show the validity of the models and methods proposed for enhancing the locality in parallel SpGEMM operations.
Immobilization of α-Amylase Produced by Bacillus circulans GRS 313

A maltooligosaccharide-forming amylase from B circulans GRS 313 was immobilized by entrapment in calcium alginate beads. The immobilized activity was affected by the size of the bead and bead size of 2mm was found to be most effective for hydrolysis. Kinetics constants , Km and Vmax were estimated and were found to be affected by the bead size. The catalytic activity of the enzyme was studied in presence of various starchy residues and metal ions. HgCl2, CuSO4 and FeCl 3 caused inhibition of the enzyme. The reaction conditions , pH and temperature , was optimized using response surface methodology. At the optimum pH and temperature of 4.9 and 57 C, the apparent activity was 25.6U/g of beads , resulting in almost 2-fold increase in activity. The immobilized enzyme showed a high operational stability by retaining almost 85% of the initial activity after seventh use.
Distributed Continuous k Nearest Neighbors Search over Moving Objects on Wireless Sensor Networks

Continuous k-nearest neighbor (CkNN) search is a variation of kNN search that the system persistently reports k nearest moving objects to a user. For example, system continuously returns 3 nearest moving sensors to the user. Many query processing approaches for CkNN search have been proposed in traditional environments. However, the existing client-server approaches for CkNN search are sensitive to the number of moving objects. When the moving objects quickly move, the processing load on the server will be heavy due to the overwhelming data. In this thesis, we propose a distributed CkNN search algorithm (DCkNN) on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on the Voronoi diagram. There are four features about DCkNN: (1) each moving object constructs a local Voronoi cell and keeps the local information; (2) in order to keep the reliability of system, the query message will be propagated to related objects; (3) using the idea of safe time, the number of updates is reduced; (4) an equation to estimate a more accurate safe time is provided. Last, we present our findings through intensive experiments and the results validate our proposed approach, DCkNN.
Cross‐talks between cyclooxygenase‐2 and tumor suppressor protein p53: Balancing life and death during inflammatory stress and carcinogenesis

Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is observed in most tumor types. Increased COX‐2 activity and synthesis of prostaglandins stimulates proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness and inhibits apoptosis. Many stress and proinflammatory signals induce COX‐2 expression, including oxyradicals or DNA‐damaging agents. The latter also induces p53, a transcription factor often inactivated by mutation in cancer. Several studies have identified complex cross‐talks between p53 and COX‐2, whereby p53 can either up‐ or down‐regulate COX‐2, which in turn controls p53 transcriptional activity. However, the molecular basis of these effects are open to debate, in particular since no p53 binding sequences have been identified in COX‐2 regulatory regions. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which COX‐2 contributes to carcinogenesis and discuss the experimental set‐up, results and conclusions of studies analyzing cross‐talks between p53 and COX‐2. We propose 2 scenarios accounting for overexpression of COX‐2 in precursor and cancer lesions. In the “inflammatory” scenario, p53, activated by DNA damage induced by oxygen and nitrogen species, recruits NF‐kappaB to activate COX‐2, resulting in antiapoptotic effects that contribute to cell expansion in inflammatory precursor lesions. In the “constitutive proliferation” scenario, oncogenic stress due to activation of growth signaling cascades may upregulate COX‐2 promoter independently of NF‐kappaB and p53, synergizing with TP53 mutation to promote cancer progression. These 2 scenarios, although not mutually exclusive, may account for the diversity of the correlations between COX‐2 expression and TP53 mutation, which vary according to cancer types and biological contexts, and have implications for the use of COX‐2 inhibitors in cancer prevention and therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender bias in communal leadership: examining servant leadership

Purpose – Theory suggests gender bias in leadership occurs through a cognitive mismatch between thoughts of women and leaders. As leadership incorporates more feminine qualities, gender bias disadvantaging women should be reduced. The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical investigation of that argument by examining gender bias in servant leadership. Predictions made by role congruity theory were investigated with principles from leader categorization theory. Design/methodology/approach – In a survey design, 201 working college students from the Midwest USA were presented with either a female or male leader, each with identical servant leader attributes. Participants reported their expectations for the leader’s future behavior. Findings – Expectations for servant leader behavior were greater for the woman than man leader, and expectations for authoritarian behavior were greater for the man than woman leader. Expectations for servant leader behavior were greater from the woman than man participan.
Factors that affect rate of INR decline after warfarin discontinuation.

BACKGROUND Despite vast literature on warfarin, optimal strategies for temporarily discontinuing and restarting warfarin have not been established. To improve warfarin discontinuation processes, we investigated known medical and genetic factors that influence stable warfarin dose to determine how well they predict the time until patients become subtherapeutic after discontinuing warfarin. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who temporarily discontinued warfarin before an elective procedure andhad at least 2 international normalized ratio (INR) values available during the discontinuation period. Data abstracted included date of discontinuation, warfarin dose, INR values, body surface area, gender, age, indication for warfarin, current medications, eGFR, and presence of bridging therapy with heparin. DNA variants were tested in CYP2C9, VKORC1, and CYP4F2 genes. Subjects were excluded if they received vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, or prothrombin complexes to reverse anticoagulation. Asymptotic regression models were used to approximate decline in INR during warfarin clearance. Spearman correlations and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to characterize associations of model estimates with quantitative variables and for group comparisons, respectively. RESULTS Other than the expected association with baseline INR, correlations of model parameter estimates with clinical variables were generally weak and not statistically significant. The strongest associations with slope were with serum creatinine and eGFR. There were no significant associations with CYP2C9, VKORC1, or CYP4F2 DNA variants, but there were few subjects combined in the nonwild groups for CYP2C9. Estimated slope showed moderate correlation with observed dose. CONCLUSION Known clinical and genetic predictors of therapeutic dose were not found to be strongly associated with the slope of INR decline after warfarin discontinuation.
Cardiac Glycosides Regulate Endothelial Tissue Factor Expression in Culture

Background—Tissue factor (TF) plays an important role in acute coronary syndromes and stent thrombosis. This study investigates whether Na+/K+-ATPase regulates TF expression in human endothelial cells. Methods and Results—Ouabain inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr;–induced endothelial TF protein expression; maximal inhibition occurred at 10−5 mol/L, reached more than 70%, and was observed throughout the 5 hours stimulation period. The decrease in protein expression was paralleled by a reduced TF surface activity. Similarly, lowering of extracellular potassium concentration inhibited TNF-&agr;–induced TF protein expression. In contrast, ouabain did not affect TNF-&agr;–induced expression of full-length TF mRNA for up to 5 hours of stimulation; instead, expression of alternatively-spliced TF mRNA was upregulated after 3 and 5 hours of stimulation. Ouabain did not affect TNF-&agr;–induced activation of the MAP kinases p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun terminal NH2 kinase; activation of Akt and p70S6 kinase remained unaltered as well. Similar to the MAP kinases, ouabain did not affect TNF-&agr;–induced degradation of I&kgr;B-&agr;. Ouabain had no effect on TF protein degradation. Conclusions—Na+/K+-ATPase is required for protein translation of endothelial TF in culture. This observation provides novel insights into posttranscriptional regulation of TF expression.
Feeding Hand-Crafted Features for Enhancing the Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks

Since the convolutional neural network (CNN) is be- lieved to find right features for a given problem, the study of hand-crafted features is somewhat neglected these days. In this paper, we show that finding an appropriate feature for the given problem may be still important as they can en- hance the performance of CNN-based algorithms. Specif- ically, we show that feeding an appropriate feature to the CNN enhances its performance in some face related works such as age/gender estimation, face detection and emotion recognition. We use Gabor filter bank responses for these tasks, feeding them to the CNN along with the input image. The stack of image and Gabor responses can be fed to the CNN as a tensor input, or as a fused image which is a weighted sum of image and Gabor responses. The Gabor filter parameters can also be tuned depending on the given problem, for increasing the performance. From the extensive experiments, it is shown that the proposed methods provide better performance than the conventional CNN-based methods that use only the input images.
Controlling acoustic streaming in a multi-well microplate for improving live cell assays

Acoustic streaming in a multi-well microplate is investigated using two different ultrasonic actuation frequency-schemes: Single-frequency and frequency-modulation. The streaming is tracked by the use of 1 µm fluorescent polymer beads and microparticle image velocimetry. The suspension also contained human B cells for studying the acoustic trapping and aggregation performance simultaneously with the acoustic streaming. Our results show a significant difference in the acoustic streaming between the two ultrasonic actuation schemes. A rotational fluid flow speed decreased a factor of 30 when frequency-modulation was applied compared to single-frequency actuation without apparently interfering with the acoustic cell trapping function.
TRF1 and TRF2 binding to telomeres is modulated by nucleosomal organization

The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes need to be protected from the activation of a DNA damage response that leads the cell to replicative senescence or apoptosis. In mammals, protection is accomplished by a six-factor complex named shelterin, which organizes the terminal TTAGGG repeats in a still ill-defined structure, the telomere. The stable interaction of shelterin with telomeres mainly depends on the binding of two of its components, TRF1 and TRF2, to double-stranded telomeric repeats. Tethering of TRF proteins to telomeres occurs in a chromatin environment characterized by a very compact nucleosomal organization. In this work we show that binding of TRF1 and TRF2 to telomeric sequences is modulated by the histone octamer. By means of in vitro models, we found that TRF2 binding is strongly hampered by the presence of telomeric nucleosomes, whereas TRF1 binds efficiently to telomeric DNA in a nucleosomal context and is able to remodel telomeric nucleosomal arrays. Our results indicate that the different behavior of TRF proteins partly depends on the interaction with histone tails of their divergent N-terminal domains. We propose that the interplay between the histone octamer and TRF proteins plays a role in the steps leading to telomere deprotection.
Effects of long-term, low-dose sex hormone replacement therapy on hippocampus and cognition of postmenopausal women of different apoE genotypes

AbstractAim:To study the effects of long-term, low-dose sex hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the volume and biochemical changes of the hippocampus in postmenopausal women carrying apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene ɛ3 or ɛ4. Methods:Eightythree postmenopausal women who had used a low dose of HRT for over 4 years were selected as the HRT group, and 99 postmenopausal women with matched age and education were enrolled as the control group. ApoE alleles were analyzed by PCR. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to determine the volume of the brain hippocampus. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to detect the biochemical changes in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in apoE ɛ4 and ɛ3 carriers. Six common cognitive tests were used to make an overall evaluation of cognitive function.Results:Analysis with the apoE ɛ4 carriers showed that the volume of the hippocampus of the control group were significantly lower than those of the HRT group. The biochemical analysis showed that there was an increase of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/total creatine (tCr) and a decrease of myoinositol (mI)/tCr in the hippocampus of apoE ɛ4 carriers in the HRT group, compared with the control group. For the apoE ɛ3 carriers, the least squares means (LSMEAN) of the HRT group was higher than that of the control group.Conclusion:This study showed that long-term, low dose HRT might be beneficial for reducing the risk of AD development invulnerable postmenopausal women. Meanwhile, HRT could increase the LSMEAN of apoE ɛ3 carriers.
Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of 10 % Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Agent Used During Night-Time and Day-Time Lect

This split-arch clinical study was performed to compare the effects of using 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent for one hour twice a day with its use for 8 hours/night on tooth color change, color stability and sensitivity. Method: Bleaching trays, with reservoirs for the six maxillary anterior teeth, were fabricated for 12 volunteers. The trays were cut into two halves between the left and right central incisors (dayside vs. night-side) to be used with 10% carbamide peroxide for two weeks. The day-side tray was applied for one hour twice a day, while the night-side was applied for 8 hours overnight. Objective color measurements, using a colorimeter, were adopted to measure the color of the teeth of the two sides at the baseline appointment and at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 weeks. Total color difference (ΔE*) between two color measurements was calculated for all periods. Teeth and soft-tissue sensitivity were self-recorded for both sides during the bleaching weeks and the following week. Both Student's Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of 10% carbamide peroxide. Dr. Manal Hussain Abd-alla Issue No. 38/2016 Journal of Al Rafidain University College 49 ISSN (1681-6870) t-test and Tukey's test were used to compare ΔE* between the two sides and with time at p<0.05. Results: Both sides showed significant differences in ΔE* over time (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were recorded between the two sides at each measuring period (p>0.05). Conclusion: At-home bleaching treatment using 10% carbamide peroxide for one hour twice daily produced similar tooth color change, stability and sensitivity with its use for 8