Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Experience in the Response to Simulated Critical Incidents

Eight experienced anesthesiologists (faculty or private Practitioners) were presented with the same simulated critical incidents that had previously been presented to 19 anesthesia trainees. The detection and correction times for these incidents were measured, as was compliance with Advanced cardiac Life Support (ACLs) guidelines during cardiac arrest, and the occurrence of unplanned incidents. Experienced personnel tended to react more rapidly than did trainees, but differences between second-year anesthesia residents (CA2) and experienced anesthesiologists were not statistically significant. There was a high variability in performance between incidents and within each group. Unplanned errors and management flaws still occurred with experienced subjects.The response to incidents during anesthesia is a complex process that involves multiple levels of cognitive activity and is vulnerable to error regardless of experience. Most trainees seemed to acquire adequate response routines by the end of the CA2 year. Formal reasoning appeared to play a minor role in responding to intraoperative events, but the exact nature of the anesthesiologist's cognition remains to be thoroughly investigated.
An Unheard Voice: Korean American Parents' Expectations, Hopes, and Experiences concerning Their Adolescent Child's Future

Although research has indicated that parent participation is considered to be one of the most important elements of transition planning, there are a few studies that have sought to measure the involvement of culturally and linguistically diverse parents. Asian Americans are the most diverse of America's leading minority groups and one of the most poorly understood ethnic minorities. We interviewed 10 Korean American parents to understand their perspectives regarding the transition experiences of their children with disabilities. Through this qualitative study, five themes emerged: Parental perceptions of disability, experiences with advocacy, expectations for future living, connections with Korean communities, and family-professional partnerships. Implications for practice among educators to enhance the involvement of Korean American parents in the development of long range plans that will affect the postschool outcomes of their children with disabilities will be discussed.
Functional Characterization of a Novel Family of Acetylcholine-Gated Chloride Channels in Schistosoma mansoni

Acetylcholine is the canonical excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian neuromuscular system. However, in the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni, cholinergic stimulation leads to muscle relaxation and a flaccid paralysis, suggesting an inhibitory mode of action. Information about the pharmacological mechanism of this inhibition is lacking. Here, we used a combination of techniques to assess the role of cholinergic receptors in schistosome motor function. The neuromuscular effects of acetylcholine are typically mediated by gated cation channels of the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) family. Bioinformatics analyses identified numerous nAChR subunits in the S. mansoni genome but, interestingly, nearly half of these subunits carried a motif normally associated with chloride-selectivity. These putative schistosome acetylcholine-gated chloride channels (SmACCs) are evolutionarily divergent from those of nematodes and form a unique clade within the larger family of nAChRs. Pharmacological and RNA interference (RNAi) behavioral screens were used to assess the role of the SmACCs in larval motor function. Treatment with antagonists produced the same effect as RNAi suppression of SmACCs; both led to a hypermotile phenotype consistent with abrogation of an inhibitory neuromuscular mediator. Antibodies were then generated against two of the SmACCs for use in immunolocalization studies. SmACC-1 and SmACC-2 localize to regions of the peripheral nervous system that innervate the body wall muscles, yet neither appears to be expressed directly on the musculature. One gene, SmACC-1, was expressed in HEK-293 cells and characterized using an iodide flux assay. The results indicate that SmACC-1 formed a functional homomeric chloride channel and was activated selectively by a panel of cholinergic agonists. The results described in this study identify a novel clade of nicotinic chloride channels that act as inhibitory modulators of schistosome neuromuscular function. Additionally, the iodide flux assay used to characterize SmACC-1 represents a new high-throughput tool for drug screening against these unique parasite ion channels.
Environmental Disasters and Stock Market Performance ∗

Do environmental disasters affect company stock performance? The extent to which markets respond to disaster onsets depends on the extent to which stock prices incorporate key information on the firms’ adaptive capacity, in the midst of increasingly calamitous disaster patterns and reduced insurability. Employing an event study methodology, I study daily stock data of publicly listed firms in the United States and their responses to the top 122 US natural disasters between 1980-2014. I find that exposed companies are associated with stock market valuations that are 0.3 to 0.7 percentage points lower relative to the returns of non-exposed companies. The estimated impact translates into US$9 million to US$22 million lost in the market valuation of exposed firms, with the larger losses occuring further away from the day of the disaster. Firms operating a large number of subsidiaries are able to mitigate these impacts to some extent, but labor market frictions play no role in explaining these negative
Understanding spatial ability

Spatial ability is discussed in terms of psychometric factors and information processing research. Reanalysis of major psychometric studies suggests two major spatial factors — spatial relations and spatial visualization ability. Apparent differences between these factors in speed versus power and cognitive complexity are verified by process analyses of individual differences in spatial relations and visualization ability. Information processing studies suggest multiple sources of individual differences such as process execution speed, quality and capacity of representation, process coordination and strategies for problem solution. Consideration is also given to additional issues for research as well as implications for testing.
Preferences of students with general learning difficulties for different service delivery modes

This study was designed to elicit the views and preferences of primary education students’ with general learning difficulties concerning different service delivery modes. The main areas to be investigated were: (a) their current educational provision, (b) alternative modes of provision and (c) the most appropriate provider (mainstream or special needs teacher) of educational support. The sample consisted of 95 students in grades 2–6 who voluntarily participated in the study. Interviews, including seven questions concerning students’ views on and preferences for different educational settings (regular classroom without additional support, resource room, in‐class support), were employed for gathering data. The findings clearly confirmed our hypotheses that: (a) students do hold preferences about where and by whom they should be taught, and (b) they do not unanimously prefer one service delivery mode over another. While the majority of the students preferred the resource room over the regular class, it is significant, at the same time, that almost one‐third of the participants preferred the regular classroom. Students’ preference for educational setting (regular classroom or resource room) was significantly influenced by their view of which setting provides more academic benefits. Regarding their preference for the most appropriate provider of support, the great majority preferred receiving help from the special education teacher. Given that in‐class support is not practised in Greek schools and none of the participants had any experience of systematic in‐class support provided by a special teacher, it was surprising to establish that almost one‐half of the students preferred to receive the additional support within the regular class. Students’ preference for a service delivery mode (pull‐out or in‐class support) was significantly influenced by: (a) their preference of educational setting (regular classroom or resource room), and (b) their views of which setting provided greater academic benefit.
Misinformation Effects and the Suggestibility of Eyewitness Memory.

Social scientists and legal practitioners have long suspected that suggestive forensic interview practices are a major cause of inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony. However, it wasn’t until Elizabeth Loftus published a highly influential series of studies on eyewitness suggestibility in the 1970s that a systematic body of scientific literature on this topic started to emerge. Since then, hundreds of empirical studies on eyewitness suggestibility have been published, all of them variants of the basic experimental paradigm that Loftus developed. In the early 1970s, research and theorizing about memory was based almost exclusively on studies of memory for lists of words or sentences (see, e.g., Crowder, 1976). By studying memory for complex, fast-moving, and forensically relevant events (typically depicted in film clips or slide shows), Loftus demonstrated that it was possible to conduct well-controlled experiments that were high in ecological validity (Banaji & Crowder, 1989). Her studies provided clear evidence that suggestive interviews can lead to profound errors in eyewitness testimony, thus raising serious questions about the reliability of memory and eyewitness testimony. Her work established that scientific research on memory and suggestibility can and should inform the courts. In addition, her findings inspired many theoretical
A novel multi-frame super resolution algorithm for surveillance camera image reconstruction

This paper gives a loom towards the growing spatial resolution necessary to beat the limitations of the imaging technology in surveillance and security disciplines. It has been observed that metropolis cities worldwide invest huge sum of money in surveillance camera system but few are closely observing the benefits and the costs of those investments and to measure the overall impact of surveillance cameras on crime rates. The low resolution coupled with poor quality optics is not be enough to identify the subject of interest in crowd, from a distance, in bad weather and any other limiting factor. In this paper we have introduced multi-frame super-resolution technique that does not require explicit motion estimation and will be useful for producing imagery evidence that the police might reasonably accept as proof of someone's identity. Mostly the research is done in this area by taking a SR image and then after adding their own noise patterns where as our algorithm are working on actual LR images of surveillance camera and getting a SR image while removing the original blur and noise. Our algorithm requires the training set of Low resolution (LR) images from a still camera to produce High resolution (HR) image data and enhances it using anisotropic Diffusion and De-noising. In the image based representations, this technique of super resolution provides a great step towards resolution independence. The application of this method was successfully demonstrated for the restoration from a short low resolution set of images into a super resolved image. This super resolution algorithm works best when the Diffusion is applied and noise reduction filters are applied.
Cingulate cortex projections to the parahippocampal region and hippocampal formation in the rat

In the present study we aimed to determine the topographical and laminar characteristics of cingulate projections to the parahippocampal region and hippocampal formation in the rat, using the anterograde tracers Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin and biotinylated dextranamine. The results show that all areas of the cingulate cortex project extensively to the parahippocampal region but not to the hippocampal formation. Rostral cingulate areas (infralimbic‐, prelimbic cortices, rostral 1/3 of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) primarily project to the perirhinal and lateral entorhinal cortices. Projections from the remaining cingulate areas preferentially target the postrhinal and medial entorhinal cortices as well as the presubiculum and parasubiculum. At a more detailed level the projections show differences in topographical specificities according to their site of origin within the cingulate cortex suggesting the functional contribution of cingulate areas may differ at an individual level. This organization of the cingulate‐parahippocampal projections relates to the overall organization of postulated parallel parahippocampal‐hippocampal processing streams mediated through the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex respectively. The mid‐rostrocaudal part of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex appears to be connected to both networks as well as to rostral and caudal parts of the cingulate cortex. This region may therefore responsible for integrating information across these specific networks. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding early childhood student teachers’ acceptance and use of interactive whiteboard

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understanding early childhood student teachers’ self‐reported acceptance and use of interactive whiteboard (IWB), by employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the research framework.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 112 student teachers enrolled in science‐related papers from Bachelor of Early Childhood Education completed the questionnaire, measuring their responses to performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition and behavioural intention. Structural equation modelling was used as the main technique for data analysis.Findings – The results of this study showed that performance expectancy and effort expectancy were found to have a direct and statistically significant positive effect on behavioural intention. Of the four variables in the UTAUT model, the model accounted for 41 per cent of the variance in behavioural intention to use IWB among student teachers. The findings obtained i.
Pain Provocation at Lumbar Discography as Analyzed by Computed Tomography/Discography

Pain provocation was analyzed in 1477 intervertebral discs in 523 patients subjected tolumbar computed tomography/discography. The relation between pain provocation and the degree of general degeneratin and anular disruption assessed according to the Dallas Discogram Description as indices of intradiscal deterioration was investigated. Pain provocation was also evaluated after categorizing the discs by the clinical diagnosis. Pain provocation showed little relation to intradiscal deterioration, whereas a strong relation was found between it and herniated nucleus pulposus. In herniated nucleus pulposus, discs with extrallgamentous extrusion or sequestration, large protrusions, maximum protrusion site at the nerve root portion, and herniation routes passing throughthe central portion of the disc showed a high pain provocation ratio. Pain provocation ratios of discs associated with spinal canal stenosis were extremely low.
A Structural Approach to the Familial Coaggregation of Disorders

The demonstration that 2 disorders coaggregate in families is often the first step in the exploration of genetic factors common to the 2 disorders. Previous methods of analyzing familial coaggregation have used either (1) a typical measure of association (eg, the odds ratio) between a disorder in an individual and another disorder in family members, or (2) a linear structural equation model (SEM). The association method accommodates case-control sampling of families, but may not assess the causal effect of interest because it is not based on an underlying causal model. The SEM method is based on a causal model, but cannot easily accommodate case-control sampling or direct effects of 1 disorder on the other within individuals. We develop a new method of analyzing coaggregation based on directed acyclic graphs. Because this method is a generalization of structural equation models and uses measures of association that accommodate case-control sampling and direct effects, it combines the strengths of both previous methods. In the absence of direct effects between disorders, our approach provides a valid estimate of the causal coaggregation effect. In the presence of direct effects, our approach provides an upper-bound estimate and (assuming additive linear effects of latent familial and nonfamilial factors) a lower-bound estimate of the causal coaggregation effect. For illustration, we applied our method to a family study of binge eating disorder and bipolar disorder.
Problematic Preferences? A Mixed Method Examination of Principals’ Preferences for Teacher Characteristics in Chicago

Purpose: Relatively little is known about how principals make decisions about teacher hiring. This article uses mixed methods to examine what characteristics principals look for in teachers. Research Methods: Data were gathered using a mixed method approach, including in-depth interviews with a representative sample of 31 principals as well as an online survey of 368 principals in the Chicago Public Schools. Data analysis techniques included both qualitative analysis to look for patterns and themes and exploratory regression analysis of surveys to examine variation in preferences across school and principal characteristics. Findings: Results indicate that principals focus on behaviors and skills rather than qualifications. Principals report looking for teachers who care about students, have content knowledge, are willing to go beyond contractual obligations, and have classroom management skills. Principals, in general, talk extensively about caring, classroom management, and willingness to “give extra,” while most say little about content knowledge or teaching skills. Preferences vary substantially across low- and high-achieving schools. Implications: Whether the skills and behaviors that principals report focusing on during the teacher-hiring process are those that will benefit their students most is an important question, particularly because even ineffective teachers are rarely dismissed from public schools.
Biological variation in Trichinella species and genotypes

Abstract At present, the genus Trichinella comprises seven species of which five have encapsulated muscle larvae (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. nelsoni and T. murrelli) and two do not (T. pseudospiralis and T. papuae) plus three genotypes of non-specific status (T6, T8 and T9). The diagnostic characteristics of these species are based on biological, biochemical and genetic criteria. Of biological significance is variation observed among species and isolates in parameters such as infectivity and immunogenicity. Infectivity of Trichinella species or isolates is determined, among other considerations, by the immune status of the host in response to species- or isolate-specific antigens. Common and particular antigens determine the extent of protective responses against homologous or heterologous challenge. The kinetics of isotype, cytokine and inflammatory responses against T. spiralis infections are isolate-dependent. Trichinella spiralis and T. pseudospiralis induce different dose-dependent T-cell polarizations in the early host response, with T. spiralis initially preferentially promoting Th1-type responses before switching to Th2 and T. pseudospiralis driving Th2-type responses from the outset.
Mentoring Beginning Teachers to Enact Discussion-based Teaching

As interest in improving the quality of teaching has increased, so has an interest in how teachers can be mentored. We described the Practice of one mentor as she assisted three beginning teachers to shift their teaching practice to a more robust understanding of the high-leverage practice of discussion-based teaching. This mentor participated in a two-year university-led professional development intervention to prepare her to target discussions as a focus. Tenets of assisted performance are used to analyze the mentoring approach used with each unique beginning teacher. The tenets of assisted performance include: (a) identifying performance levels, (b) structuring situations, and (c) scaffolding support and preparing for unassisted performance. In this study, we documented ways in which the mentor demonstrated authority to persist in moving each beginner to embrace features of a complex practice related to reform-based teaching.
Die Identifikation früher Veränderungsmuster in der ambulanten Psychotherapie

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Im Rahmen einer patientenorientierten Psychotherapieforschung werden Patientenausgangsmerkmale und Veranderungsmuster in einer fruhen Therapiephase genutzt, um Behandlungsergebnisse und Behandlungsdauer vorherzusagen. Fragestellung: Lassen sich in fruhen Therapiephasen verschiedene Muster der Veranderung (Verlaufscluster) identifizieren und durch Patientencharakteristika vorhersagen? Erlauben diese Verlaufscluster eine Vorhersage bezuglich Therapieergebnis und -dauer? Methode: Anhand des Growth Mixture Modeling Ansatzes wurden in einer Stichprobe von N = 2206 ambulanten Patienten einer US-amerikanischen Psychotherapieambulanz verschiedene latente Klassen des fruhen Therapieverlaufs ermittelt und unter Berucksichtigung unterschiedlicher Patientenausgangscharakteristika als Pradiktoren der fruhen Veranderungen mit dem Therapieergebnis und der Therapiedauer in Beziehung gesetzt. Ergebnisse: Fur leicht, mittelschwer und schwer beeintrachtigte Patienten konnten je vi.
Analysis of legal thesauri based on self-organising feature maps

This paper is concerned with the application of Kohonen's self-organising feature map to legal knowledge acquisition. More precisely, the map is used for analysis of legal thesauri which are obtained by means of connotation analysis of the individual document descriptors. The outcome of the learning process of the artificial neural network is further used to distinguish between precise legal terms and terms with rather fuzzy meaning.
Comparison of the B-D urine culture kit with a standard culture method and with the MS-2

A total of 100 random clinical urine specimens were divided and used to compare Becton, Dickinson & Co. B-D Urine Culture Kit-treated urine (BDU) with refrigerated urine (RU). Each RU-BDU pair was cultured with the standard calibrated loop-plate method and also screened with the Abbott Laboratories MS-2 system at 0, 5, and 24 h. An additional 158 positive urine specimens containing greater than 10(5) CFU/ml were tested by standard culturing and MS-2 at 0 and 24 h. In addition, growth curves were run for Escherichia coli containing RU-BDU pairs at 0 and 24 h, and MS-2 detection time frequencies were analyzed. Culture results showed few changes in colony counts at 0 and 5 h for RU and BDU specimens. At 24 h, there were decreased colony counts for 7.0% of RU and 17.7% of BDU specimens. MS-2 results showed detection rates at 0 h of 100% for RU and 82.9% for BDU specimens and at 24 h of 91.1% for RU and 63.3% for BDU specimens. The organisms most frequently missed at 24 h were E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Growth curve analysis showed a 1-h delay of logarithmic growth in BDU specimens. MS-2 detection time analysis showed delayed positive reports owing to be extended detection time for BDU specimens. The B-D Urine Culture Kit is a convenient transport system; however, some difficulty in recovering organisms at 24 h with the standard culture method and increased difficulty with the MS-2 system were recognized.