Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of 2-[N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-methylamino]-4H-pyrido[3.2-e]-1,3-thiazin-4-one (YM928), an Orally Active α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Antagonist, in Models of Generalized Epileptic Seizure in Mice and Rats

The anticonvulsant activity of 2-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methylamino]-4H-pyrido[3.2-e]-1,3-thiazin-4-one (YM928), a novel α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, was studied in animal models of generalized seizure. YM928 exerted significant anticonvulsant effects in the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure test (ED50 = 7.4 mg/kg p.o.), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure test (ED50 = 9.6 mg/kg p.o.), AMPA-induced seizure test (ED50 = 5.5 mg/kg p.o.), and strychnine-induced seizure test (ED50 = 14.0 mg/kg p.o.) in mice. Effects in rats were detected in the MES seizure test (ED50 = 4.0 mg/kg p.o.) and PTZ-induced seizure test (ED50 = 6.2 mg/kg p.o.). The profile of YM928 was compared with that of established antiepileptics. Valproate showed beneficial effects in all tests used. In contrast, carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, diazepam, ethosuximide, and gabapentin were not active against seizures induced by at least one stimulant. In the rotarod test, YM928 impaired motor coordination (TD50 = 22.5 mg/kg p.o.). The protective index (TD50 value of the rotarod test/ED50 value of MES seizure) was 3.0, suggesting that YM928 can exert antiepileptic effects with only minor motor disturbances. YM928 at doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg p.o. did not significantly affect the threshold of electroshock seizure in rats after 16 days of repeated administration. These data indicate that YM928 does not induce tolerance after subchronic administration. These results indicate that YM928 is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that would prove useful for the treatment of generalized seizure in human epileptic patients.
A System Pathology of an Organization: The Rise and Fall of the Old Saturday Evening Post.

June 1976, volume 21 The peculiar circumstances surrounding the demise of mass circulation magazines, such as Life, Look, and the old Saturday Evening Post, are explained from a systems point of view. The methodology of System Dynamics together with a corporate framework is applied to modeling a typical large magazine publishing company. The advantages and pitfalls associated with this methodology are discussed. The assumptions built into the model are tested by an empirical study of the old Saturday Evening Post Experiments with a simulation version of the model lead to an understanding of how the system reacts, both in the short and long run, to changes to the management control variables such as subscription and advertising "rates. " This understanding of the dynamic relation among the parts of the publishing system is used as a basis for interpreting the phases of the rise and fall of the old Saturday Evening Post Similarities to other magazines are noted and some implications are drawn for this method of studying the systemic pathology of organizations. '
CD8+ T cells and Risk for Bacterial Pneumonia and All-Cause Mortality Among HIV-Infected Women

Background:Bacterial pneumonia risk is disproportionately high among those infected with HIV. This risk is present across all CD4+ T-cell levels (TCLs), suggesting that additional factors govern susceptibility. This study examines CD8+ TCLs and risk for HIV-associated bacterial pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Methods:Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained for 885 HIV-infected women enrolled in the HIV Epidemiologic Research Study (HERS). Bacterial pneumonia cases were identified using clinical, microbiological, and radiographic criteria. CD8+ TCLs were assessed at 6-month intervals. Statistical methods included Cox proportional hazards regression modeling and covariate-adjusted survival estimates. Results:Relative to a referent CD8+ TCL of 401–800 cells per cubic millimeter, risk for bacterial pneumonia was significantly higher when CD8+ TCLs were <400 (hazard ratio 1.65, P = 0.017, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.49), after adjusting for age, CD4+ TCL, viral load, and antiretroviral use. There was also a significantly higher risk of death when CD8+ TCLs were ⩽400 cells per cubic millimeter (hazard ratio 1.45, P = 0.04, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.06). Covariate-adjusted survival estimates revealed shorter time to pneumonia and death in this CD8+ TCL category, and the overall associations of the categorized CD8+ TCL with bacterial pneumonia and all-cause mortality were each statistically significant (P = 0.017 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions:CD8+ TCL ⩽400 cells per cubic millimeter was associated with increased risk for pneumonia and all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women in the HERS cohort, suggesting that CD8+ TCL could serve as an adjunctive biomarker of pneumonia risk and mortality in HIV-infected individuals.
Molecular evidence for mother-to-child transmission of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in Uganda and K1 gene evolution within the host.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-related herpesvirus (KSHV) indicate that having a KSHV-seropositive mother is a risk factor for KSHV infection in children. METHODS We determined the KSHV K1 sequences in concordantly polymerase chain reaction-positive Ugandan mother-child pairs, to ascertain whether they shared the same viral strain. We also examined sequences amplified from saliva and buffy coat samples from the same subjects, to investigate potential intrasubject sequence differences. RESULTS We obtained K1 sequences from 6 of 10 mother-child pairs. In 1 pair, the subtypes differed between mother and child. The mother and child in 2 other pairs shared the same subtype, but the sequences differed. The mother and child in 2 pairs shared KSHV strains with exact (100%) nucleotide homology. The last pair showed evidence of viral strain concordance between mother and child but also showed evidence of evolution of the viral sequence within the child. Of 26 study subjects, 19 showed no evidence of intrasubject K1 sequence variability, but, in 7 subjects, all of whom were children, amino acid variation of 1%-4% was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with KSHV transmission from maternal and nonmaternal sources in KS-endemic regions. Our results also provide evidence for ongoing evolution of the K1 gene in KSHV-infected children.
Evolution of precore/core promoter mutations in hepatitis B carriers with hepatitis B e antigen seroreversion

The evolution of precore stop codon mutation (A1896) and dinucleotide mutation (T1762/A1764) in the basic core promoter (BCP) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome during transient seroconversion and seroreversion of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) remains unclarified. Five HBeAg‐positive HBV carriers who experienced transient seroconversion followed by seroreversion of HBeAg (Group I, 3.3%) and 3 HBeAg‐negative HBV carriers with documented reversion of HBeAg (Group II, 2.5%) in a prospective cohort of 272 patients with chronic hepatitis B were thus identified. The sequential changes at the precore nucleotide 1896 and BCP dinucleotide 1762/1764 were determined by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. At enrollement, precore A1896 and BCP T1762/A1764 were noted in 4 (50%) and 1 (13%) of the eight patients. During a median follow‐up period of 58 months (range: 31–76 months), 12 episodes of transient HBeAg seroconversion followed by seroreversion were encountered in Group I patients and 3 episodes of HBeAg seroreversion in Group II patients. Accompanying acute exacerbations were found in two‐thirds of patients with either HBeAg seroconversion or seroreversion. Overall, precore nucleotide A1896 remained identical in 73% and 83% of the seroconversion and seroreversion events, respectively. BCP dinucleotide T1762/A1764 remained unchanged in 94% and 92% of the seroconversion and seroreversion events, respectively. At the end of follow‐up, only one had both precore and BCP mutations. In conclusion, these data suggested that HBeAg seroreversion might be due to the lack of sustained precore and BCP mutations after HBeAg seroconversion. Although uncommon, HBeAg seroreversion can be associated with hepatitis exacerbation. J. Med. Virol. 74:237–245, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Postadoption Needs of Adoptive Parents of Children With Disabilities

Adoptions of children with disabilities are considered special needs, due to the higher level of support needed pre- and postadoption by families and children for adoptions to succeed. Despite this fact, very few studies examine the specific postadoption experiences of families with children with disabilities. Using secondary analysis of a national survey of adoptive parents, as well as interviews and a focus group with adoptive parents in one state, this study examines families’ with adopted children with disabilities challenges and unmet needs after adoption, as well as the postadoption needs and experiences of adoptive families with children with developmental and intellectual disabilities and adoptive families of children with emotional, behavioral, and mental health disabilities. Findings indicate that families with children with disabilities do report higher rates of challenges and barriers to service access, and that this is particularly true in families with adopted children with emotional, behavioral, and mental health disabilities. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
A simple method for predicting the output of dual-axis tracking systems from fixed-tilt system outputs

This paper begins by summarising a piece of work by the author which conducts a comparative analysis on the variability of fixed-tilt (FT) system and dual-axis tracking (DT) system. The results of this work revealed a relationship between the variability of the two systems associated with sun position. Consequently, a simple method for predicting the output of DT from FT output data was developed. The method is applied to the prediction of both magnitude and variability; the performance results of the method are presented and show it to be acceptable as an easily implemented prediction technique in the case where irradiance measurements at the sun's elevation angle are not available.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH BEHÇET UVEITIS

Purpose: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in eyes with Behçet uveitis (BU) and to compare these findings with those of fluorescein angiography (FA). Methods: Prospective, comparative, cross-sectional study. Patients presenting with clinically active BU involving the posterior segment were evaluated using FA, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and OCTA. Optical coherence tomography angiograms were reviewed and analyzed. Foveal avascular zone areas and vessel densities were also reported. Results: Twenty-five patients (44 eyes) were included. Perifoveal microvascular changes were more frequently observed on OCTA than on FA (95.5 vs 59.1%; P < 0.001). Disruption of the perifoveal capillary arcade, areas of retinal capillary nonperfusion/hypoperfusion, and perifoveal capillary abnormalities, including rarefied, dilated, or shunting vessels were observed more frequently using OCTA than FA (40.9 vs 25%; P = 0.039, 86.4 vs 34.1%; P < 0.001, and 84.1 vs 36.4%; P < 0.001, respectively). Areas of retinal capillary nonperfusion/hypoperfusion were more frequently observed in the deep than in the superficial capillary plexus (81.8 vs 63.6%; P = 0.039). Capillary abnormalities and disorganization of the normal architecture of the capillary network were more frequent in the deep than in the superficial capillary plexus (P < 0.001). Foveal avascular zone area was not significantly larger in eyes with BU than in control group in both the superficial and the deep capillary plexuses (0.4 vs 0.34 mm2; P = 0.23 and 0.72 vs 0.53 mm2; P = 0.053, respectively). Capillary vessel density was significantly lower in eyes with BU than in control group in the deep capillary plexus (13.7 vs 17.2 mm 21; P = 0.004). Conclusion: OCTA allows better visualization and characterization of perifoveal microvascular changes than FA in eyes with active BU. The deep capillary plexus seemed to be more severely involved than the superficial capillary plexus.
Development Patterns of Occupational Aspirations in Adolescents with High-Incidence Disabilities

This study analyzed the longitudinal development of occupational aspiration prestige scores over a 12-year period (Grade 8 to 8 years postsecondary) to better understand this aspect of career choice from adolescence into adulthood for people with high-incidence disabilities. A curvilinear trajectory was detected where aspirations increased during high school, but decreased after school completion. The only covariate positively associated with the intercept factor was academic achievement. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with a positive change in the slope of aspirations across the 3 time points before school completion. In adulthood, disability status was the only significant factor associated with aspiration change. Findings are considered with regard to the potential influence of special education services and disability on career development and choice.
Low-saturated fat dietary counseling starting in infancy improves insulin sensitivity in 9-year-old healthy children: the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children (STRIP) study.

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is promoted already in childhood by obesity and possibly by high-saturated fat intake. We examined the effect of infancy onset biannually given dietary counseling on markers of insulin resistance in healthy 9-year-old children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy 7-month-old infants (n = 1,062) were randomized to the intervention (n = 540) and control (n = 522) groups. Each year, two individualized counseling sessions were organized to each intervention family. The purpose of counseling was to minimize children's exposure to known environmental atherosclerosis risk factors. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, serum lipids, blood pressure, and weight for height were determined in a random subgroup of 78 intervention children and 89 control children at the age of 9 years. RESULTS Intervention children consumed less total and saturated fat than the control children (P = 0.002 and < 0.0001, respectively). The HOMA-IR index was lower in intervention children than in control children (P = 0.020). There was a significant association between saturated fat intake and HOMA-IR. In multivariate analyses including saturated fat intake, study group, and other determinants of HOMA-IR (serum triglyceride concentration, weight for height, and systolic blood pressure), study group was, whereas saturated fat intake was not, significantly associated with HOMA-IR. This suggests that the beneficial effect of intervention on insulin sensitivity was largely, but not fully, explained by the decrease in saturated fat intake. CONCLUSIONS The long-term biannual dietary intervention decreases the intake of total and saturated fat and has a positive effect on insulin resistance index in 9-year-old children.
Transition year programme and educational disadvantage

The 1994 restructuring of the Senior Cycle was intended to "provide maximum flexibility in catering for the different needs, aptitudes and abilities of pupils" (Department of Education, 1993a). For the first time, all second-level schools in Ireland were presented with the possibility of offering a Transition Year programme (TYP). In the school year 2000-2001, sixty-seven percent of second-level schools included a TYP in their provision.
Expressing Confidence in Unions in Quebec and the Other Canadian Provinces: Similarities and Contrasts in Findings

This article examines changes in levels of confidence in unions and proposes an intra-national comparison between Quebec and the rest of Canada based on the analysis of the three most recent waves of the World Values Survey (WVS) database, of which Canada is part (i.e. 1990, 2000, 2006). After noting differences in the trends of confidence in unions in these two regions, we applied the same logistic regression model to both regions, based on the 2006 WVS wave, in order to bring out the determinants of the propensity of individuals to express confidence in unions. The results show both similarities and differences between the two regions. As for the similarities between Quebec and the rest of Canada, it should be noted that involvement in politics and the fact of being unionized had a positive effect on the respondents’ propensity to have confidence in unions whereas most of the socio-demographic variables had no significant effects. As for the differences, the fact of reporting a higher income had a significant negative impact in Quebec, but was not significant in the rest of Canada. The fact of supporting the NDP in the rest of Canada had a more structuring effect on the propensity of individuals to have confidence in unions than the fact of supporting the BQ in Quebec. Moreover, the greater the extent to which citizens in Quebec identified with left-leaning ideological positions, the more likely they were to have confidence in unions. Finally, the respondent’s level of education was not significant in the rest of Canada but, cetiris paribus, was highly significant and positively related to confidence in unions in Quebec.
Parameter Conditions for TCP/AQM Routers Based on 2-D s-z Domain Stability Analysis

In this letter, based on 2-D s-z domain stability analysis, we derive stability conditions under which the TCP/RED system is stable. According to the proposed conditions, we can present the network parameter p_{max}'s stability bounds that lead to stable operations of the TCP/RED system. The simulation results illustrate the validity of the stability conditions.
Influence of seed polymorphism on physical, physiological and biochemical seed quality characters of endangered medicinal tree Bael (Aegle marmelos (l.) corr.)

Bael is a medicinal tree with multipurpose utility propagated through seeds. Bulk seeds of Bael exhibit polymorphism in seed characteristics. Hence, a study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of seed polymorphism on physical, physiological and biochemical seed quality characters. Polymorphic seeds based on size were separated by size grading the seeds using round perforated metal sieves of sizes 6.4, 6.0 and 5.5 mm retained and 5.5 mm passed (hole width), and the recovery of seeds retained on these sieves were 40, 23, 31 and 6% respectively. The physiological seed quality characters measured in terms of germination was higher with 6.4 mm sieve retained seeds (77%) and was followed by seeds retained on 6.0 mm (68%), 5.5 mm (55%) sieve; the seeds passed through 5.5 mm sieve registered only 41% germination while the germination recorded with bulk seeds was 63%. The seedling vigour measured through root length (11.3 cm), shoot length (9.3 cm), dry matter production (366 mg) and (1586), vigor index 2 (870) and vigour index 3 (28182) values were also higher in large seeds retained on 6.4 mm sized sieve. The biochemical characters measured as α– amylase activity (5.2 cm) and dehydrogenase (0.193) were higher in larger seeds including seed protein (17.4%) and oil content (38.1%). The study thus expressed a linear relationship between seed size and physical, physiological and biochemical seed quality characters and necessitates homogenizing the seed lot based on size. Key words: Bael, seed polymorphism, seed germination, oil content, α–amylase, dehydrogenase activity.
NEOLOGÍA LÉXICA: REFLEJO DE LA VITALIDAD DEL ESPAÑOL DE CHILE

En este articulo, la Antena Chilena de Neologia presenta el resultado del trabajo de deteccion, recopilacion, analisis y clasificacion de neologismos obtenidos del vaciado de El Mercurio y El Sur, periodicos de circulacion nacional y regional, respectivamente, entre los anos 2003 y 2006, en el marco del proyecto Antenas Neologicas del Observatorio de Neologia del IULA de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona. Se exponen en el los criterios linguisticos que permiten definir la neologia y delimitar los distintos tipos de unidades neologicas recopiladas. Ademas, se presenta un analisis de la productividad de las distintas formas de creacion lexica, fenomeno que refleja la vitalidad del espanol de Chile.
Stress and Distress among the Unemployed: Hard Times and Vulnerable People

1. Introduction: Stress and the Life Course During Hard Times. 2. The Study: Sites, Sample, Method and Measures. 3. Unemployment and Re-employment. 4. Feelings: Unemployment and Mental Health. 5. The Structure of Stress: Demographic Characteristics and the Stress Process. 6. A Question of Worth: Financial Circumstances, the Self, and Distress. 7. The Persistence of Stress: Negative Life Events in the Recent and Distant Past. 8. Psychological Resources and Distress. 9. Individual vs. Collective Resources. 10. Conclusions. References.
Stereo‐based all‐terrain obstacle detection using visual saliency

This paper proposes a hybridization of two well‐known stereo‐based obstacle detection techniques for all‐terrain environments. While one of the techniques is employed for the detection of large obstacles, the other is used for the detection of small ones. This combination of techniques opportunistically exploits their complementary properties to reduce computation and improve detection accuracy. Being particularly computation intensive and prone to generate a high false‐positive rate in the face of noisy three‐dimensional point clouds, the technique for small obstacle detection is further extended in two directions. The goal of the first extension is to reduce both problems by focusing the detection on those regions of the visual field that detach more from the background and, consequently, are more likely to contain an obstacle. This is attained by means of spatially varying the data density of the input images according to their visual saliency. The second extension refers to the use of a novel voting mechanism, which further improves robustness. Extensive experimental results confirm the ability of the proposed method to robustly detect obstacles up to a range of 20 m on uneven terrain. Moreover, the model runs at 5 Hz on 640 × 480 stereo images. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring Linguistic Identity in Young Multilingual Learners

This article explores the linguistic identity of young multilingual learners through the use of a Language Portrait Silhouette. Examples from a research study of children aged 6–8 years in a German bilingual program in Canada provide teachers with an understanding that linguistic identity comprises expertise, affiliation, and inheritance. This article also provides additional concrete examples of how teachers can openly reference linguistic identity with students and help children to see stronger connections between home and school learning. The validation and understanding of linguistic identity is beneficial to young children’s emotional, social, and educational development.Cet article examine l’identite linguistique de jeunes apprenants plurilingues par l’emploi d’un portrait silhouette langagiere (Language Portrait Silhouette). Quelques exemples d’une recherche portant sur des eleves âges de 6 a 8 ans dans un programme allemand bilingue au Canada demontrent aux enseignants que l’identite linguistique comprend les aspects l’expertise, l’affiliation et l’heritage. Cet article offre egalement des exemples concrets sur diverses facons de parlerouvertement d’identite linguistique avec les eleves et de les aider a etablir des liensplus solides entre ce qu’ils apprennent a l’ecole et a la maison. Le fait de valider et de comprendre l’identite linguistique favorise le developpement affectif, social et educationnel des jeunes enfants.