Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Much Does Users' Psychology Matter in Engineering Mean-Field-Type Games

Until now mean-field-type game theory was not focused on cognitively-plausible models of choices in humans, animals, machines, robots, software-defined and mobile devices strategic interactions. This work presents some effects of users' psychology in mean-field-type games. In addition to the traditional "material" payoff modelling, psychological patterns are introduced in order to better capture and understand behaviors that are observed in engineering practice or in experimental settings. The psychological payoff value depends upon choices, mean-field states, mean-field actions, empathy and beliefs. It is shown that the affective empathy enforces mean-field equilibrium payoff equity and improves fairness between the players. It establishes equilibrium systems for such interactive decision-making problems. Basic empathy concepts are illustrated in several important problems in engineering including resource sharing, packet collision minimization, energy markets, and forwarding in Device-to-Device communications. The work conducts also an experiment with 47 people who have to decide whether to cooperate or not. The basic Interpersonal Reactivity Index of empathy metrics were used to measure the empathy distribution of each participant. Android app called Empathizer is developed to analyze systematically the data obtained from the participants. The experimental results reveal that the dominated strategies of the classical game theory are not dominated any more when users' psychology is involved, and a significant level of cooperation is observed among the users who are positively partially empathetic.
Compressed Sensing and Affine Rank Minimization Under Restricted Isometry

This paper establishes new restricted isometry conditions for compressed sensing and affine rank minimization. It is shown for compressed sensing that δ<;i>kA<;/i>+θ<;i>k<;/i>,<;i>kA<;/i> <; 1 guarantees the exact recovery of all <;i>k<;/i> sparse signals in the noiseless case through the constrained <;i>l<;/i><;sub>1<;/sub> minimization. Furthermore, the upper bound 1 is sharp in the sense that for any ε > 0, the condition δ<;i>kA<;/i> + θ<;i>k<;/i>,<;i>kA<;/i> <; 1+ε is not sufficient to guarantee such exact recovery using any recovery method. Similarly, for affine rank minimization, if δ<;i>rM<;/i>+θ<;i>r<;/i>,<;i>rM<;/i> <; 1 then all matrices with rank at most <;i>r<;/i> can be reconstructed exactly in the noiseless case via the constrained nuclear norm minimization; and for any ε > 0, δ<;i>rM<;/i> +θ<;i>r<;/i>,<;i>rM<;/i> <; 1+ε does not ensure such exact recovery using any method. Moreover, in the noisy case the conditions δ<;i>kA<;/i>+θ<;i>k<;/i>,<;i>kA<;/i> <; 1 and δ<;i>rM<;/i>+θ<;i>r<;/i>,<;i>rM<;/i> <; 1 are also sufficient for the stable recovery of sparse signals and low-rank matrices respectively. Applications and extensions are also discussed.
5‐HT loss in rat brain following 3, 4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), p‐chloroamphetamine and fenfluramine administration and effects of chlormethiazole and dizocilpine

1 The present study has investigated whether the neurotoxic effects of the relatively selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) neurotoxins, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’), p‐chloroamphetamine (PCA) and fenfluramine on hippocampal and cortical 5‐HT terminals in rat brain could be prevented by administration of either chlormethiazole or dizocilpine. 2 Administration of MDMA (20 mg kg−1, i.p.) resulted in an approximate 30% loss of cortical and hippocampal 5‐HT and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) content 4 days later. Injection of chlormethiazole (50 mg kg−1) 5 min before and 55 min after the MDMA provided complete protection in both regions, while dizocilpine (1 mg kg−1, i.p.) protected only the hippocampus. 3 Administration of a single dose of chlormethiazole (100 mg kg−1) 20 min after the MDMA also provided complete protection to the hippocampus but not the cortex. This regime also attenuated the sustained hyperthermia (approx +2.5°C) induced by the MDMA injection. 4 Injection of PCA (5 mg kg−1, i.p.) resulted in a 70% loss of 5‐HT and 5‐HIAA content in hippocampus and cortex 4 days later. Injection of chlormethiazole (100 mg kg−1, i.p.) or dizocilpine (1 mg kg−1, i.p.) 5 min before and 55 min after the PCA failed to protect against the neurotoxicity, nor was protection afforded by chlormethiazole when a lower dose of PCA (2.5 mg kg−1, i.p.) was given which produced only a 30% loss of 5‐HT content. Chlormethiazole did prevent the hyperthermia induced by PCA (5 mg kg−1), while the lower dose of PCA (2.5 mg kg−1) did not produce a change in body temperature. 5 Neither chlormethiazole nor dizocilpine prevented the neurotoxic loss of hippocampal or cortical 5‐HT neurones measured 4 days following administration of fenfluramine (25 mg kg−1, i.p.). 6 In general, chlormethiazole and dizocilpine were effective antagonists of the 5‐HT‐mediated behaviours of head weaving and forepaw treading which appeared following injection of all three neurotoxins. 7 Both chlormethiazole and dizocilpine have previously been shown to prevent the neurotoxic effects of a high dose of methamphetamine on cerebral 5‐HT and dopamine pathways. These drugs also prevent MDMA‐induced neurotoxicity of 5‐HT pathways, but not that induced by injection of PCA or fenfluramine. This suggests that the mechanisms of neurotoxic damage to 5‐HT pathways produced by substituted amphetamines cannot be identical. The monoamine loss does not appear to result from the hyperthermia produced by the neurotoxic compounds.
Effects of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Condensed Tannins on Growth and Proteolysis by Four Strains of Ruminal Bacteria

Sainfoin leaf condensed tannins inhibited growth and protease activity in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38 and Streptococcus bovis 45S1 but had little effect on Prevotella ruminicola B14 or Ruminobacter amylophilus WP225. Tannins bound to cell coat polymers in all strains. Morphological changes in B. fibrisolvens and S. bovis implicated the cell wall as a target of tannin toxicity.
Microarray Analysis of Bone Morphogenetic Protein, Transforming Growth Factor β, and Activin Early Response Genes During Osteoblastic Cell Differentiation

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF) β family, is a potent regulator of osteoblast differentiation. In addition, both TGF‐β and activin A can either induce bone formation or inhibit bone formation depending on cell type and differentiation status. Although much is known about the receptors and intracellular second messengers involved in the action of TGF‐β family members, little is known about how selectivity in the biological response of individual family members is controlled. In this study, we have investigated selective gene induction by BMP‐2, TGF‐β1 and activin A in relation to their ability to control differentiation of mouse mesenchymal precursor cells C2C12 into osteoblastic cells. TGF‐β1 can inhibit BMP‐2‐induced differentiation of these cells, whereas activin A was found to be without morphogenetic effect. Using a gene expression microarray approach covering 8636 sequences, we have identified a total of 57 established genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that were either up‐regulated or down‐regulated 2 h after treatment with at least one of these three stimuli. With respect to the established genes, 15 new target genes for TGF‐β family members thus were identified. Furthermore, a set of transcripts was identified, which was oppositely regulated by TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2. Based on the inverse biological effects of TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2 on C2C12 cells, these genes are important candidates for controlling the process of growth factor‐induced osteoblast differentiation.
Flavonoids are potential inhibitors of glucose uptake in U937 cells.

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds ubiquitously found in plants including fruits, and vegetables. Broad ranges of the biological activities of flavonoids have been reported using in vitro studies. I report that several natural flavonoids blocked glucose uptake in myelocytic U937 cells. Although there were some variations in the blocking activity of individual flavonoids, approximately half of the glucose uptake was blocked by flavonoids at the concentrations of 8-50 microM. The decreasing order of the blocking activity was fisetin >/= myricetin >/= quercetin >/= apigenin > genistein > cyanidin > daidzein >/= hesperetin > naringenin > catechin. Fisetin showed approximately 50% inhibition of glucose uptake at a concentration of 8 microM. Similar patterns of the inhibition were observed in lymphocytic Jurkat cells. Fisetin and quercetin inhibited glucose transport in a competitive manner. K(i) values for fisetin and quercetin were proximately 9 and 12 microM, respectively. This study showed that some types of natural flavonoids block glucose uptake in U937 cells and that natural flavonoids could be used as alternative blockers of glucose uptake in vitro.
Impact of screen size on performance, awareness, and user satisfaction with adaptive graphical user interfaces

Adaptive personalization, where the system adapts the interface to a user's needs, has the potential for significant performance benefits on small screen devices. However, research on adaptive interfaces has almost exclusively focused on desktop displays. To explore how well previous findings generalize to small screen devices, we conducted a study with 36 subjects to compare adaptive interfaces for small and desktop-sized screens. Results show that high accuracy adaptive menus have an even larger positive impact on performance and satisfaction when screen real estate is constrained. The drawback of the high accuracy menus, however, is that they reduce the user's awareness of the full set of items in the interface, potentially making it more difficult for users to learn about new features.
A new species of fossil penguin from Seymour Island, West Antarctica

A new species of Early Tertiary fossil penguin from Seymour Island is described on the basis of tarsometartarsi from the collection acquired during the Argentinian-Polish field party of 1985. Palaeeudyptes klekowskii sp. nov. is bigger than earlier described species of this genus from the same locality. Information is given on the new collection of fossil penguin bones, a large part of which was found in one horizon of Unit III of the La Meseta Formation. The collection also includes much of the accompanying invertebrate and vertebrate fauna.
DRAM power management and energy consumption: a critical assessment

Energy efficiency is key in embedded systems design. Besides the CPU, DRAM has been identified as one of the main contributors to energy consumption in such devices. Modern DRAMs also offer low power states to adapt to varying workload and increase energy efficency. A number of studies have investigated different DRAM energy management strategies and propose a very aggressive use of low power states. The weakness of all of these studies is the underlying power model which does not account for transition overheads, and the lack of experimental evidence. We implemented a hardware controlled DRAM power management unit in an XScale based evaluation board and accurately measured the effects on runtime and power consumption. We observed that aggressive power management will even increase the average power consumption, due to the fact that all JEDEC compatible DRAMs execute a refresh when entering the power saving SREF-mode. This is not reflected in current, published power models. Thus, they dramatically overestimate the effectiveness of using low power states. We developed a new model for accurate timing and energy simulation of the observed effects. This model is integrated into the XEEMU XScale Energy Emulator.
Late Quaternary sinistral slip rate along the Altyn Tagh fault and its structural transformation model

Based on technical processing of high-resolution SPOT images and aerophotos, detailed mapping of offset landforms in combination with field examination and displacement measurement, and dating of offset geomorphic surfaces by using carbon fourteen (14C), cosmogenic nuclides (10Be+26Al) and thermoluminescence (TL) methods, the Holocene sinistral slip rates on different segments of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) are obtained. The slip rates reach 17.5±2 mm/a on the central and western segments west of Aksay Town, 11±3.5 mm/a on the Subei-Shibaocheng segment, 4.8±1.0 mm/a on the Sulehe segment and only 2.2±0.2 mm/a on the Kuantanshan segment, an easternmost segment of the ATF. The sudden change points for loss of sinistral slip rates are located at the Subei, Shibaocheng and Shulehe triple junctions where NW-trending active thrust faults splay from the ATF and propagate southeastward. Slip vector analyses indicate that the loss of the sinistral slip rates from west to east across a triple junction has structurally transformed into local crustal shortening perpendicular to the active thrust faults and strong uplifting of the thrust sheets to form the NW-trending Danghe Nanshan, Daxueshan and Qilianshan Ranges. Therefore, the eastward extrusion of the northern Qing-hai-ibetan Plateau is limited and this is in accord with “the imbricated thrusting transforma-tion-limited extrusion model”
VERTEBRATES FROM THE WOOD BAY GROUP AND THE POSITION OF THE EMSIAN‐EIFELIAN BOUNDARY IN THE DEVONIAN OF VESTSPITSBERGEN

This paper deals with various vertebrates from the Verdalen Member of the Stjordalen Formation of the Wood Bay Group, Vestspitsbergen, or layers presumably belonging to this member, including the thelodont scales Amaltheolepis winsnesi n.g. , n.sp. (earlier known from a locality in Sorkapp Land), the heterostiid brachythoracid Herasmius granulatus n.g. , n.sp. and the porolepiform crossopterygian Heimenia ensis n.g. , n.sp. , the latter with scales intermediate in some ways between those of Porolepis on the one hand, and the Holoptychiidae on the other. Amaltheolepis and Herasmius are not yet known to occur outside Vestspitsbergen; Heimenia is represented in a Devonian material from Anderson River, Northwestern Canada and perhaps also in the Placo-derm Sandstone of Poland. A critical appraisal of the arthrodire faunas of the Wood Bay Group shows that most of the earlier recorded occurrences of Homostius and Heterostius in these layers pertain to euleptas-pid brachythoracids, that the Heterostiidae and Homostiidae are also represented, but only in the Stjordalen Formation, and that the youngest member of the Euleptaspididae, occurring in the Stjordalen Formation, may be closely related to another euleptaspid in the Upper Emsian Heisdorf Beds of the Rhinish sequence (which occurs in association with Ohiolepis scales). The palaeontological evidence may indicate that the Wood Bay Group does not belong to the Lower Devonian in its entirety but includes Middle Devonian strata in its uppermost part.
Structural Reforms and Agricultural Export Performance: An Empirical Analysis

This study empirically investigates the effects of structural reforms on bilateral trade flows of agricultural products. Specifically, the study jointly analyzes the impacts of three different reforms including financial reform, trade reform, and agricultural reform on agricultural trade. The results suggest that less restrictive credit constraints, reduced tariff rates, and less government interventions are likely to generate increase in total agricultural exports. The evidence further indicates that the impacts of the reforms vary considerably across less aggregated products as well as across reform forms. The results provide a solid policy foundation for pursuing structural reforms in order to stimulate trade and economic growth, given the fact that the index level of reforms has not reached the level of full liberalization yet
Drainage density on progressively tilted surfaces with different gradients, Wheeler Ridge, California

Wheeler Ridge in the Southern San Joaquin Valley, California, is an anticlinal fold which has been progressively uplifted during the last 250 ka. Drainage networks on the ridge become younger as the anticline's eastern tip is approached. Because of the fold's asymmetric shape, surfaces on opposite flanks of the ridge have similar ages but very different gradients. The ridge provides important insights into drainage development on progressively tilted surfaces, as existing studies are restricted to static topography. A surface gradient of between 4·8° and c.10° is needed to initiate channel networks. This gradient threshold is consistent with previous studies of the gradient and upslope area needed to incise a channel through overland flow. Comparison of coeval drainage networks on opposite flanks of the ridge allows the controversial relationship between drainage density and gradient to be investigated. A lower valley density is observed on the higher gradient flank of Wheeler Ridge. Field observations from the ridge indicate that this inverse relationship is associated with hillslope erosion by shallow mass-wasting, the rate of which increases rapidly as a threshold gradient is approached. Comparison of data from Wheeler Ridge with other field studies and numerical models, shows that the form of the relationship between gradient and drainage density is process-dependent. A positive correlation occurs when erosion is a result of overland flow, whilst a negative correlation occurs where erosion is dominated by shallow mass-wasting. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CnC Programmimg Model

We introduce the Concurrent Collections (CnC) programming model. CnC supports flexible combinations of task and data parallelism while retaining determinism. CnC is implicitly parallel, with the user providing high-level operations along with semantic ordering constraints that together form a CnC graph. We formally describe the execution semantics of CnC and prove that the model guarantees deterministic computation. We evaluate the performance of CnC implementations on several applications and show that CnC offers performance and scalability equivalent to or better than that offered by lower-level parallel programming models.
Incidence of Recurrent Subarachnoid Hemorrhage After Clipping for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Background and Purpose— Because intracranial aneurysms develop during life, patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and successfully occluded aneurysms are at risk for a recurrence. We studied the incidence of and risk factors for recurrent SAH in patients who regained independence after SAH and in whom all aneurysms were occluded by means of clipping. Methods— From a cohort of patients with SAH admitted between 1985 and 2001, we included those patients who were discharged home or to a rehabilitation facility. We interviewed these patients about new episodes of SAH. We retrieved all medical records and radiographs in case of reported recurrences. If patients had died, we retrieved the cause of death. We analyzed the incidence of and risk factors for recurrent SAH by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Results— Of 752 patients with 6016 follow-up years (mean follow up 8.0 years), 18 had a recurrence. In the first 10 years after the initial SAH, the cumulative incidence of recurrent SAH was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5% to 4.9%) and the incidence rate 286 of 100 000 patient-years (95% CI, 160 to 472 per 100 000). Risk factors were smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 6.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 24.0), age (HR, 0.5 per 10 years; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8) and multiple aneurysms at the time of the initial SAH (HR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.2 to 14.1). Conclusions— After SAH, the incidence of a recurrence within the first 10 years is 22 (12 to 38) times higher than expected in populations with comparable age and sex. Whether this increased risk justifies screening for recurrent aneurysms in patients with a history of SAH requires further study.
Three‐dimensional numerical experiments of strain partitioning at oblique plate boundaries: Implications for contrasting tectonic styles in the southern Coast Ranges, California, and central South Island, New Zealand

A three-dimensional numerical model is used to investigate the nature and distribution of crustal-scale deformation and strain partitioning across obliquely convergent, transpressive, plate boundaries. A uniform elastic-plastic crustal layer, obeying Murrell's extension to three dimensions of the Griffith failure criterion, was deformed under basal kinematic boundary conditions that correspond to the oblique convergence between two mantle lithospheres, one of which detaches and subducts beneath the other. The results show deformation concentrated in relatively narrow shear zones. The character (planar versus curved) and dip of these shear zones (or crustal-scale faults) depend on the relative amount of convergence versus transcurrent motion imposed across the plate boundary. In models dominated by transcurrent boundary conditions, two separate sets of coexisting structures develop: (1) a pair of planar, relatively shallow-dipping thrust zones arranged in a “V” structure that accommodate convergent motion; and (2) a set of curved, near-vertical strike-slip zones arranged in a “flower” structure that accommodates the transcurrent motion. In models dominated by convergence, both contractional and transcurrent deformations are accommodated by oblique slip across a single pair of structures that have the same geometry as the thrust shear zones. There is a gradational behavior between these end-member partitioned and nonpartitioned modes for intermediate boundary conditions. In all cases the dip of the shear zones predicted by the numerical model is in good agreement with the dip of ideal faults predicted by Mohr's incipient faulting hypothesis. The two basic modes are interpreted to underlie the contrasting tectonic styles of the southern Coast Ranges, California, and central South Island, New Zealand. Factors other than obliquity of convergence which play a role in strain partitioning are discussed.
Childhood Brain Tumors, Residential Insecticide Exposure, and Pesticide Metabolism Genes

Background Insecticides that target the nervous system may play a role in the development of childhood brain tumors (CBTs). Constitutive genetic variation affects metabolism of these chemicals. Methods We analyzed population-based case–control data to examine whether CBT is associated with the functional genetic polymorphisms PON1C–108T, PON1Q192R, PON1L55M, BCHEA539T, FMO1C–9536A, FMO3E158K, ALDH3A1S134A, and GSTT1 (null). DNA was obtained from newborn screening archives for 201 cases and 285 controls, ≤ 10 years of age, and born in California or Washington State between 1978 and 1990. Conception-to-diagnosis home insecticide treatment history was ascertained by interview. Results We observed no biologically plausible main effects for any of the metabolic polymorphisms with CBT risk. However, we observed strong interactions between genotype and insecticide exposure during childhood. Among exposed children, CBT risk increased per PON1–108T allele [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–3.0] and FMO1–9536A (*6) allele (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2–5.9), whereas among children never exposed, CBT risk was not increased (PON1: OR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5–1.0, interaction p = 0.005; FMO1: OR = 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6–1.6, interaction p = 0.009). We observed a similar but statistically nonsignificant interaction between childhood exposure and BCHEA539T (interaction p = 0.08). These interactions were present among both Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children. Conclusion Based on known effects of these variants, these results suggest that exposure in childhood to organophosphorus and perhaps to carbamate insecticides in combination with a reduced ability to detoxify them may be associated with CBT. Confirmation in other studies is required.