Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DWARF GALAXY STARBURST STATISTICS IN THE LOCAL VOLUME

An unresolved question in galaxy evolution is whether the star formation histories (SFHs) of low-mass systems are preferentially dominated by starbursts or modes that are more quiescent and continuous. Here, we quantify the prevalence of global starbursts in dwarf galaxies at the present epoch and infer their characteristic durations and amplitudes. The analysis is based on the Hα component of the 11 Mpc Hα UV Galaxy Survey (11HUGS), which provides Hα and Galaxy Evolution Explorer UV imaging for an approximately volume-limited sample of ∼ 300 star-forming galaxies within 11 Mpc. We first examine the completeness properties of the sample, and then directly tally the number of bursting dwarfs and compute the fraction of star formation that is concentrated in such systems. To identify starbursting dwarfs, we use an integrated Hα equivalent width (EW) threshold of 100 Å, which corresponds to a stellar birthrate of ∼ 2.5, and also explore the use of empirical starburst definitions based on σ thresholds of the observed logarithmic EW distributions. Our results are robust to the exact choice of the threshold, and are consistent with a picture where dwarfs that are currently experiencing massive global bursts are just the ∼ 6% tip of a low-mass galaxy iceberg. Moreover, bursts are only responsible for about a quarter of the total star formation in the overall dwarf population, so the majority of stars in low-mass systems are not formed in this mode today. Spirals and irregulars devoid of Hα emission are rare, indicating that the complete cessation of star formation generally does not occur in such galaxies and is not characteristic of the interburst state, at least for the more luminous systems with MB < −15. The starburst statistics presented here directly constrain the duty cycle and the average burst amplitude under the simplest assumptions where all dwarf irregulars share a common SFH and undergo similar burst cycles with equal probability. Uncertainties in such assumptions are discussed in the context of previous work.
Excitation of twin-vortex flow in the nightside high-latitude ionosphere during an isolated substorm

Abstract. We present SuperDARN radar observations of the ionospheric flow during a well-observed high-latitude substorm which occurred during steady northward IMF conditions on 2 December 1999. These data clearly demonstrate the excitation of large-scale flow associated with the substorm expansion phase, with enhanced equatorward flows being observed in the pre-midnight local time sector of the expansion phase auroral bulge and westward electrojet, and enhanced return sunward flows being present at local times on either side, extending into the dayside sector. The flow pattern excited was thus of twin-vortex form, with foci located at either end of the substorm auroral bulge, as imaged by the Polar VIS UV imager. Estimated total transpolar voltages were ~40 kV prior to expansion phase onset, grew to ~80 kV over a ~15 min interval during the expansion phase, and then decayed to ~35 kV over ~10 min during recovery. The excitation of the large-scale flow pattern resulted in the development of magnetic disturbances which extended well outside of the region directly disturbed by the substorm, depending upon the change in the flow and the local ionospheric conductivity. It is estimated that the nightside reconnection rate averaged over the 24-min interval of the substorm was ~65– 75 kV, compared with continuing dayside reconnection rates of ~30–45 kV. The net closure of open flux during the sub-storm was thus ~0.4–0.6 × 108 Wb, representing ~15–20% of the open flux present at onset, and corresponding to an overall contraction of the open-closed field line boundary by ~1° latitude. Key words. Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; plasma convection)
Cell organelle-based analysis of cell chirality

ABSTRACT The maintenance of tight endothelial junctions requires the establishment of proper cell polarity, which includes not only the apicobasal and front-rear polarity but also the left-right (L-R) polarity. The cell possesses an intrinsic mechanism of orienting the L-R axis with respect to the other axes, following a left-hand or right-hand rule, termed cell chirality. We have previously reported that endothelial cells exhibit a clockwise or rightward bias on ring-shaped micropatterns. Now we further characterize the chirality of individual endothelial cells on micropatterns by analyzing the L-R positioning of the cell centroid relative to the nucleus-centrosome axis. Our results show that the centroids of endothelial cells preferably polarized towards the right side of the nucleus-centrosome axis. This bias is consistent with cell chirality characterized by other methods. These results suggest that the positioning of cell organelles is intrinsically L-R biased inside individual cells. This L-R bias provides an opportunity for determining cell chirality in situ, even in vivo, without the limitations of using isolated cells in in vitro engineered platforms.
First-Generation Antipsychotic Haloperidol Alters the Functionality of the Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Compartment in Vitro

First- and second-generation antipsychotics (FGAs and SGAs, respectively), have the ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and also to interrupt the intracellular cholesterol trafficking, interfering with low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol egress from late endosomes/lysosomes. In the present work, we examined the effects of FGA haloperidol on the functionality of late endosomes/lysosomes in vitro. In HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells incubated in the presence of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanineperchlorate (DiI)-LDL, treatment with haloperidol caused the enlargement of organelles positive for late endosome markers lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) and LBPA (lysobisphosphatidic acid), which also showed increased content of both free-cholesterol and DiI derived from LDL. This indicates the accumulation of LDL-lipids in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment caused by haloperidol. In contrast, LDL traffic through early endosomes and the Golgi apparatus appeared to be unaffected by the antipsychotic as the distribution of both early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) and coatomer subunit β (β-COP) were not perturbed. Notably, treatment with haloperidol significantly increased the lysosomal pH and decreased the activities of lysosomal protease and β-d-galactosidase in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that the alkalinization of the lysosomes’ internal milieu induced by haloperidol affects lysosomal functionality.
Magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor MR imaging of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) have a similar pattern of abnormalities on conventional MR images. We used magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor MR imaging to quantify normal-appearing brain tissue and cervical cord disease in patients with ADEM and to compare findings with those in healthy volunteers and patients with MS. METHODS Brain dual-echo, T1-weighted magnetization transfer, and diffusion tensor images were obtained in eight patients with ADEM, in 10 patients with MS, and in 10 healthy volunteers. Fast short-tau inversion recovery, T1-weighted, and magnetization transfer cervical cord images were also obtained. We identified lesions on the images and quantified their volumes. We performed histogram analysis of the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and average mean histogram analysis of the diffusivity (D) in normal-appearing brain tissue and MTR in the cervical cord. RESULTS Histogram analysis of normal-appearing brain tissue in patients with MS showed significantly lower MTRs and peak positions and significantly higher D averages compared with those in patients with ADEM. Patients with MS had significantly lower MTRs and D peak heights and significantly higher average D compared with those in healthy volunteers. Between patients with ADEM and control subjects, normal-appearing brain tissue MTR and D histogram metrics did not differ significantly. Cervical cord MTRs did not differ between control subjects and patients with ADEM, whereas the average MTR and histogram peak position was significantly lower in patients with MS than in the other groups. CONCLUSION Outside the acute phase of disease and as opposed to what happens in MS, the normal-appearing brain tissue and cervical cord in patients with ADEM are spared in the pathologic process.
Open-Skilled Sport, Sport Intensity, Executive Function, and Academic Achievement in Grade School Children

ABSTRACT Research Findings: The present study examines connections among participation in open- and closed-skilled sports; the metabolic intensity of each sport; and executive function (EF), literacy, and math achievement in a sample of 3rd-grade children. Utilizing data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we categorized 15 youth sports (e.g., soccer, tennis, swimming, running track) as open or closed skilled and assigned them a metabolic intensity value. Results showed that the connection between sport intensity and EF was curvilinear, with a positive association between EF and sport intensity below 25 metabolic equivalents (METs) and a negative association with METs above 25. For math, results differed for the number of open-skilled sports and the intensity of a sport, with higher intensity associated with lower math scores and playing more open-skilled sports associated with higher math scores. Literacy skills were not significantly related to sport participation. Practice or Policy: The preschool years may offer a promising opportunity to encourage participation in both complex and intense physical activity. These findings highlight domain-specific connections among sports and EF and math achievement and offer insight into connections among sport intensity (METs), the type of sports children play, and cognitive development.
Bacteria Associated with Benthic Diatoms from Lake Constance: Phylogeny and Influences on Diatom Growth and Secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances

ABSTRACT The composition of diatom-associated bacterial communities was studied with 14 different unialgal xenic diatom cultures isolated from freshwater epilithic biofilms of Lake Constance, Germany. A clear dominance of Alphaproteobacteria was observed, followed by Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. Pure cultures of the diatom Cymbella microcephala, which was found to be dominant in epilithic biofilms in Lake Constance, were cocultivated with six associated bacterial strains. All these bacterial strains were able to grow in C. microcephala cultures in the absence of organic cosubstrates. Diatom growth was generally enhanced in the presence of bacteria, and polysaccharide secretion was generally increased in the presence of Proteobacteria. The monomer composition of extracellular polysaccharides of C. microcephala changed in relation to the presence of different bacteria, but the dominant monomers were less affected. Our results indicate that these changes were caused by the diatom itself rather than by specific bacterial degradation. One Bacteroidetes strain strongly influenced carbohydrate secretion by the alga via extracellular soluble compounds. Biofilms were formed only in the presence of bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis and coculture studies indicate an adaptation of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes to the microenvironment created by the diatom biofilm.
Budget of the total nitrogen in the Yucatan Shelf: driving mechanisms through a physical-biogeochemical coupled model

Abstract. Continental shelves are the most productive areas in the seas with strongest implications for global Total Nitrogen (TN) cycling. The Yucatan shelf is the largest shelf in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), however, its general TN budget has not been quantified. This is largely due to the lack of significant spatio-temporal in situ measurements and the complexity of the shelf dynamics, including the Yucatan Current, coastal upwelling, Coastal Trapped Waves (CTWs) and bottom Ekman transport. Through a nine years output of a coupled physical-biogeochemical model of the GoM, the TN budget in the Yucatan shelf is quantified. Results indicate that the main entrance of inorganic nitrogen is through its southern and eastern margins. The TN is then advected to the oligotrophic deep GoM and to the deep Campeche bay. The analysis also shows that the inner shelf (50 m isobath) is efficient in terms of TN, since all the DIN imported into the shelf is consumed by the phytoplankton. Rivers contribute 20 % of the TN, while denitrification removes up to 53 % of TN that enters into the inner shelf. The high-frequency variability of the TN fluxes are modulated by the Yucatan Current in the south and by bottom Ekman transport produced by this current against the shelf-break (250 m isobath) in the east. This current-topography interaction can help to maintain the upwelling of Cape Catoche, uplifting nutrient-rich water into the euphotic layer. The export of TN at both western and northwestern margins is modulated by CTWs with a mean period of 10 days in agreement with recent observational and modelling studies.
Agile resource management in a virtualized data center

In this paper we develop, implement and evaluate an approach to quickly reassign resources for a virtualized utility computing platform. The approach provides this platform agility using ghost virtual machines (VMs), which participate in application clusters, but do not handle client requests until needed. We show that our approach is applicable to and can benefit different virtualization technologies. We tested an implementation of our approach on two virtualization platforms with agility results showing that a sudden increase in application load could be detected and a ghost VM activated handling client load in 18 seconds. In comparison with legacy systems needing to resume VMs in the face of sharply increased demand, our approach exhibits much better performance across a set of metrics. We also found that it demonstrates competitive performance when compared with scripted resource changes based on a known workload. Finally the approach performs well when used with multiple applications exhibiting periodic workload changes.
Employer Learning, Job Mobility, and Wage Dynamics

This paper takes a new approach to testing whether employer learning is public or private. We show that public and private learning schemes make two distinct predictions about the curvature of wage growth paths when there is a job change, because the amount of information transferred to a new employer about workers' productivity is smaller in the private learning case than in the public learning case. This prediction enables us to account for individual and job-match heterogeneity, which was not possible in previous tests. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), we find that employer learning is public for high school graduates and private for college graduates.
Latino Parents with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Children and the Catholic Doctrine Towards Homosexuality

Latino Parents with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Children and the Catholic Doctrine Towards Homosexuality by Axel Monroig MPH, University of Puerto Rico, 1997 BS, University of Puerto Rico, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Clinical Psychology
Perceived yoga exercise benefits and barriers of university students by gender: Results of a survey research

This study was conducted to explore perceived yoga exercise benefits and barriers of university students based on their gender. Participants (n=210) were university of Malaya undergraduate students from faculty of education in Kuala Lumpur. The method of sampling was cluster random sampling. This study utilized a quantitative methodology research to investigate the perceived benefits and barriers towards yoga exercise among university students using the health belief model. This was a survey study of data collection. One-way MANOVA was used to determine the differences. Some 197 subjects completed the questionnaire and the results of inferential analysis demonstrated that males and females are similar in reporting perceived benefits in the Psychological dimension F (1,195) = . 55, sig = . 46 (p > .05), Physical dimension F (1,195) =. 05, sig=. 835 (p > .05), Disease Prevention dimension F(1,195)=1.11, sig = . 29(p > .05), Social dimension F(1,195) =. 09, sig = . 92 (p > .05). They are also similar in reporting perceived barriers in the Negative Preconception dimension F (1,195) = . 20, sig=. 66 (p>.05), Cost dimension F(1,195) = 2.36, sig. =. 13(p >.05), Time Prevention dimension F(1,195) = . 71, sig =. 40 >. 05 and Fears dimension F(1,195) =. 71, sig = . 40(p > .05). This study tried to determine how students’ gender could influence their perceptions about yoga exercise. The results of this study show that males and female are similar in their perceived benefits and barriers to yoga exercise. Hence, in creating yoga exercise intervention for university students, gender is not a vital component to consider.
Embedded Reconfigurable Array Fabrics for Efficient Implementation of Image Compression Techniques

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT), as defined by the image compression standard JPEG-2000, is one of the most time-consuming computations which cannot be efficiently executed on current hardware architectures. This paper presents and compares a number of new, different architectures for domain-specific arrays to efficiently implement various DWT algorithms. A number of different algorithms are mapped to demonstrate the flexibility of these new embedded configurable SoC architectures and their ability to support different implementations having different performance characteristics. Our results demonstrate up to 59 percent improvement to the previous work in literature
Trichomonas vaginalis phenotypic variation occurs only among trichomonads infected with the double-stranded RNA virus

Trichomonas vaginalis isolates were examined for the presence of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and the property of phenotypic variation. Only the heterogeneous isolates composed of mAb-reactive and - nonreactive organisms, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytofluorometry, and capable of phenotypic variation possessed the dsRNA. Both the positive and negative phenotype subpopulations separated from the heterogeneous parent contained equal amounts of the dsRNA. Loss of the dsRNA upon prolonged in vitro cultivation always correlated with the lack of expression of the major immunogen. The data indicate a relationship between the presence of the dsRNA and the ability of the pathogenic human trichomonads to express immunogens on their surfaces and to undergo phenotypic variation.
Methodology for Twitter Sentiment Analysis

This paper presents a step-by-step methodology for Twitter sentiment analysis. Two approaches are tested to measure variations in the public opinion about retail brands. The first, a lexicon-based method, uses a dictionary of words with assigned to them semantic scores to calculate a final polarity of a tweet, and incorporates part of speech tagging. The second, machine learning approach, tackles the problem as a text classification task employing two supervised classifiers Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines. We show that combining the lexicon and machine learning approaches by using a lexicon score as a one of the features in Naive Bayes and SVM classifications improves the accuracy of classification by 5%.
Behavior of Trading Automata in a Computerized Double Auction Market

This paper reports the results of a series of tournaments held at the Santa Fe Institute beginning in March, 1990 in which computer programs played the roles of buyers and sellers in a simplified synchronized double auction market. We show that despite the decentralized nature of the trading process and traders' incomplete information about supply and demand, transaction price trajectories for a heterogeneous collection of computer programs typically converged to the competitive equilibrium, resulting in allocations that were nearly 100% efficient. We also show that a very simple trading strategy is a higWy effective and robust performer in these markets. A simple rule-of-thumb was able to outperform more complex algoritllms that used statistically-based predictions of future transaction prices, explicit optimizing principles, and sophisticated "learning algorithms". Acknowledgements: This paper is forthcoming in Tile Double Auction Ma.rket: Institutions, Tlleories and Evidence D. Friedman, J. Geanakoplos, D. Lane and J. Rust (eds.) Addison Wesley, 1992. We are grateful for the generosity of the Santa Fe Institute and its Economics program for providing the facilities, salary, administrative, and computational support that made this research possible. John Rust is grateful to the Alfred Sloan Foundation for providing tournament prize money, and National Science Foundation grants SES-8721 199 for computer hardware, and SES-901oo46 for funding of matching human experiments at the Experimental Science Laboratory at the University of Arizona (Vernon Smith, Co-PI). International Business Machines provided funding for tournament organizational expenses. John Miller would like to acknowledge an equipment grant from Sun Microsystems. The general idea of the computerized double auction toumament emerged from discussions in a March 1988 meeting at the Sante Fe Institute, including Phil Anderson, Ken Arrow, Brian Arthur, John Holland, Tim Kehoe, Richard Palmer, John Rust, Tom Sargent, and Eugenia Singer. We also acknowledge helpful discussions with Robert Axelrod, Charles Plott, Vernon Smith, and Shyam Sunder, and extend our tllanks to particular individuals whose expertise made this tournament possible, including Michael Angerman, Marcella Austin, Ronda Butler-Villa, Steven Pope, Ginger Richardson, Dan Schneidewend, Andi Sutherland, George Tsibouris, and Della Ulibarri. We are grateful for helpful comments from Dan Friedman and seminar participants at the Universities of Oslo and Stockholm, and the London School of Economics. Finally we would like to thank all participants of tlle DA tournament for tlleir willingness to commit time and effort in developing an ingenious collection of trading programs.
Understanding subjective well-being among social workers in Israel

Based on the conservation of resources theory, this study assesses the association between selected demographic factors (relationship status, years of work experience) and psycho-social factors (self-rated health, burnout, loneliness, and sense of coherence), and the subjective well-being of social workers. The data were collected through structured questionnaires (n = 394). The findings suggest that relationship status, self-rated health, burnout, loneliness, and sense of coherence significantly predicted subjective well-being among social workers. It may be concluded that social workers who have a strong arsenal of demographic and psycho-social resources will experience fewer negative psychological outcomes and report higher levels of subjective well-being.