Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Looking for the competent child

From different documentation situation the aim of this study is to investigate the focus of the documentationas well as the communication between preschool teachers and children in these situations.The research questions are: What is the focus of the documentation? What characterizes the communicationbetween the teachers and the children when these teachers at the same time are documenting? To interpret and understand this communication Habermas’ concepts of communicativeand strategic action are used. Data consists of video observations from two preschools where the toolpedagogical documentation is used continuously.30 children, 1-3 years, and their 7 preschool teachershave participated in the study. The analyzed material consists of 157 minutes distributed on 15documentation situations. Videotaped observations, requires special responsibility of the researchteam.Written and informed consent for participation has been obtained from each pre-school’smanagement, teachers and parents. Personal information and collected data are stored in a separatelocked filing cabinet. The results show that it is mainly children’s achievements that are documentedand that the preschool teachers either become silent observers or eager advocators of a particulardiscovery. What is communicated and documented by the teachers have a high degree of abstraction,and the communication is of a strategic character. Issues raised relating to how preschool teachersshould be able to take advantage of the documentation. Children in preschool will develop differentkinds of skills and abilities. The critical question to be asked is if the documentations presented herelead to this?
Origin, fate, and function of the components of the avian germ disc region and early blastoderm: Role of ooplasmic determinants

In the avian oocytal germ disc region, at the end of oogenesis, we discerned four ooplasms (α, β, γ, δ) presenting an onion‐peel distribution (from peripheral and superficial to central and deep. Their fate was followed during early embryonic development. The most superficial and peripheral α ooplasm plays a fundamental role during cleavage. The β ooplasm, originally localized in the peripheral region of the blastodisc, becomes mainly concentrated in the primitive streak. At the moment of bilateral symmetrization, a spatially oblique, sickle‐shaped uptake of γ and δ ooplasms occurs so that γ and δ ooplasms become incorporated into the deeper part of the avian blastoderm. These ooplasms seem to contain ooplasmic determinants that initiate either early neurulation or gastrulation events. The early neural plate‐inducing structure that forms a deep part of the blastoderm is the δ ooplasm‐containing endophyll (primary hypoblast). Together with the primordial germ cells, it is derived from the superficial centrocaudal part of the nucleus of Pander, which also contains δ ooplasm. The other structure (γ ooplasm) that is incorporated into the caudolateral deep part of the blastoderm forms Rauber's sickle. It induces gastrulation in the concavity of Rauber's sickle and blood island formation exterior to Rauber's sickle. Rauber's sickle develops by ingrowth of blastodermal cells into the γ ooplasm, which surrounds the nucleus of Pander. Rauber's sickle constitutes the primary major organizer of the avian blastoderm and generates only extraembryonic tissues (junctional and sickle endoblast). By imparting positional information, it organizes and dominates the whole blastoderm (controlling gastrulation, neurulation, and coelom and cardiovascular system formation). Fragments of the horns of Rauber's sickle extend far cranially into the lateral quadrants of the unincubated blastoderm, so that often Rauber's sickle material forms three quarters of a circle. This finding explains the regulative capacities of isolated blastoderm parts, with the exception of the anti‐sickle region and central blastoderm region, where no Rauber's sickle material is present. In avian blastoderms, there exists a competitive inhibition by Rauber's sickle on the primitive streak and neural plate‐inducing effects of sickle endoblast. Avian primordial germ cells contain δ ooplasm derived from the superficial part of the nucleus of Pander. Their original deep and central ooplasmic localization has been confirmed by the use of a chicken vasa homologue. We conclude that the unincubated blastoderm consists of three elementary tissues: upper layer mainly containing β ooplasm, endophyll containing δ ooplasm, and Rauber's sickle containing γ ooplasm). These elementary tissues form before the three classic germ layers have developed. Developmental Dynamics 233:1194–1216, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contaminants in ventilated filling boxes

While energy efficiency is important, the adoption of energy-efficient ventilation systems still requires the provision of acceptable indoor air quality. Many low-energy systems, such as displacement or natural ventilation, rely on temperature stratification within the interior environment, always extracting the warmest air from the top of the room. Understanding buoyancy-driven convection in a confined ventilated space is key to understanding the flow that develops with many of these modern low-energy ventilation schemes. In this work we study the transport of an initially uniformly distributed passive contaminant in a displacement-ventilated space. Representing a heat source as an ideal sourced of buoyancy, analytical and numerical models are developed that allow us to compare the average efficiency of contaminant removal between traditional mixing and modern low-energy systems. A set of small-scale analogue laboratory experiments was also conducted to further validate our analytical and numerical solutions. We find that on average traditional and low-energy ventilation methods are similar with regard to pollutant flushing efficiency. This is because the concentration being extracted from the system at any given time is approximately the same for both systems. However, very different vertical concentration gradients exist. For the low-energy system, a peak in contaminant concentration occurs at the temperature interface that is established within the space. This interface is typically designed to sit at some intermediate height in the space. Since this peak does not coincide with the extraction point, displacement ventilation does not offer the same benefits for pollutant flushing as it does for buoyancy removal.
Quadruple antimycobacterial chemotherapy in Crohn's disease: results at 9 months of a pilot study in 20 patients

Twenty patients with active Crohn's disease, the majority refractory to conventional therapy, were treated with rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide or clofazamine for 9 months. After this period, 10 were in remission (Crohn's disease activity index < 150). Of the 10 not in remission, three had been at 6 months, but had relapsed on treatment. Nine of 10 patients on steroids at the beginning were off steroids at 9 months. Six patients came to surgery during the period, five for stricture formation without evidence of florid Crohn's disease outside the strictured segment. Three young patients with severe Crohn's disease facing total colectomy were spared surgery. No serious drug‐related side‐effects were encountered. The results of this pilot study suggest that controlled trials of antimycobacterial chemotherapy, using four or more of the best agents available, are worthy of assessment in Crohn's disease.
Relationship of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder to Age-Related Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are the 2 most frequent psychiatric disorders co-occurring with Tourette syndrome (TS). Both usually cause greater impairment in psychosocial functioning than the tics themselves. In a previous study, we examined the relationship of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to other comorbid conditions in TS. The relationship of OCD to other comorbidities in TS still remains unclear and is the focus of the present study. Methods: Pearson's &khgr;2 tests and logistic regressions (year-wise) were used to examine a cross-sectional sample of children and adolescents (n = 5060) diagnosed with TS, taken from the Tourette Syndrome International Database Consortium. We explored the relationship of OCD to other comorbid conditions in TS across different age groups. Results: In children (ages 5–10 y) with TS, higher rates of comorbidities were found in the presence compared with the absence of OCD. Adolescents (ages 11–17 y) with TS + OCD showed higher rates of internalizing (i.e., anxiety and mood) disorders when compared with those with TS − OCD. A year-wise increase of coexisting mood disorders was found for subjects with TS with and without OCD. Conclusions: Overall, children and adolescents with TS + OCD showed higher rates of comorbid disorders compared with those with TS − OCD. This underlines the necessity for a comprehensive assessment of additional comorbidities even if the 2 disorders (TS + OCD) have already been diagnosed.
G‐Structures on Spheres

A generalization of classical theorems on the existence of sections of real, complex and quaternionic Stiefel manifolds over spheres is proved. We obtain a complete list of Lie group homomorphisms ρ : G → Gn, where Gn is one of the groups SO(n), SU(n) or Sp(n) and G is one of the groups SO(k), SU(k) or Sp(k), which reduce the structure group Gn in the fibre bundle Gn → Gn + 1 → Gn + 1 / Gn. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 55R25, 55R50 (primary), 53C10 (secondary).
Visual guided deep learning scheme for fall detection

Fall detection is an important problem in the field of public health care, which is especially crucial for instant medical service delivery to the injured elderly due to falls. Ambient camera based fall detection has been a recognized non-intrusive and publicly acceptable method, where video data is employed to discriminate fall event from daily activities. Fall detection with videos usually requires a large dataset to extract features and train the classifier. However, it is hard to collect free-living environment fall data and instead simulated falls by young people have been collected to construct the training dataset, which is controlled intentional behavior and restricted to limited quantity of samples. In addition, the existing video based fall detection methods need segment the subject first, which is inclined to be influenced by image noise, illumination variation and occlusion. To address these problems, a three dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) based method for fall detection is developed which only uses kinetic data to train an automatic feature extractor. Besides the spatial feature in 2D image, the motion information from the video could also be encoded by the three dimensional convolutions over the frames. A LSTM based spatial visual attention scheme is then incorporated, which could enable the network to focus on the key regions. Sports dataset Sports-1M with no fall examples is employed to train the 3D CNN and the visual attention model is trained on the small Multiple Cameras Fall Dataset. Then the visual attention based 3D CNN is employed to extract the features from the videos with fall event and implement fall detection. Experiments have shown the superior performance of the proposed scheme on fall dataset with high detection accuracy of 100%.
Sodium-calcium exchange: the phantom menace.

Researchers have been aware of the existence of a membrane transporter in cardiac myocytes that exchanged calcium for sodium for more than 30 years.1 In that period of time, even as the molecular details of the sodium-calcium exchanger (NaCaX) were being worked out, its physiological role had still not been clearly defined. Early reports focused on the role of the exchanger as an important source of Ca2+ influx2 and as a regulator of contractile force, an important issue given that the most commonly used inotropic agent at the time was digitalis.3 By the mid-1980s, when it had become clear that Ca2+ entry via L-type Ca2+ channels was the major trigger for contractile Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), it became widely accepted that the chief role of the exchanger was to remove Ca2+ from the cytosol during diastole. Interest in the exchanger as an important Ca2+ entry mechanism resurfaced early in this decade when LeBlanc and Hume4 demonstrated sodium-current–dependent Ca2+ influx via the exchanger, capable of triggering contraction; however, this idea has remained controversial. Now, as we approach the new millennium and study excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling at the subcellular level,5 6 the importance of the exchanger as a modulator of Ca2+ release and E-C coupling gain is becoming clearer.7 8 The pathophysiological roles of the exchanger have been much less controversial. In the ischemic/reperfused heart, a rise in intracellular sodium9 frustrates the ability of the exchanger to remove Ca2+. 10 Stimulation of the exchanger by oxygen free radicals may further accelerate the rise in cell Ca2+ under sodium-loaded conditions.11 The resulting Ca2+ overload is not only detrimental to contractile function, metabolism, and cellular integrity,12 but it is also …
Third trimester fetal demise occurring at time of delivery: correlation of autopsy findings and placental pathology with emphasis on antenatal central nervous system injury

Abstract Objective: Third trimester fetal deaths occurring in the hospital at the time of delivery are unusual. We report an autopsy series of such cases with emphasis on neuropathological injury and other lesions predating delivery. Methods: We identified autopsies performed on third trimester fetuses documented to be alive shortly before delivery, but that expired during, or very close to, time of delivery, and we correlate autopsy and placental findings. Fetuses with major congenital anomalies were excluded. Results: Ten cases were identified (6 term, 4 preterm). All were delivered by cesarean section and had attempted resuscitation. Established or recent brain injury was identified in 9 of 10 cases, including 3 with established neuronal damage and 1 with periventricular leukomalacia. Additional autopsy findings included thymic involution in eight (five mild; three severe), myocardial infarcts in two; intrathoracic petechiae in five, and ascites or pleural or pericardial effusions in six. Severe thymic involution and myocardial infarcts correlated with established brain injury. Placental lesions adaptive to decreased oxygenation (increased nucleated red blood cells or villous hypervascularity) were seen in five cases and correlated with established brain injury. Acute chorioamnionitis with funisitis was present in one, and chronic inflammatory placental lesions were present in six. Conclusions: These findings indicate brain injury predated the time period immediately before delivery in 9 of 10 fetuses, and in the fetuses with established brain injury the onset of acute illness was possibly >72 h before delivery.
Cognitive Skills, Student Achievement Tests, and Schools

Cognitive skills predict academic performance, so schools that improve academic performance might also improve cognitive skills. To investigate the impact schools have on both academic performance and cognitive skills, we related standardized achievement-test scores to measures of cognitive skills in a large sample (N = 1,367) of eighth-grade students attending traditional, exam, and charter public schools. Test scores and gains in test scores over time correlated with measures of cognitive skills. Despite wide variation in test scores across schools, differences in cognitive skills across schools were negligible after we controlled for fourth-grade test scores. Random offers of enrollment to oversubscribed charter schools resulted in positive impacts of such school attendance on math achievement but had no impact on cognitive skills. These findings suggest that schools that improve standardized achievement-test scores do so primarily through channels other than improving cognitive skills.
Blood activities of antioxidant enzymes in alcoholics before and after withdrawal.

Since free radicals and peroxides seem to be involved in the toxicity of alcohol, several authors have examined the variations of blood activities of antioxidant enzymes in alcoholics, but published results are somewhat conflicting. In this study, erythrocyte (E) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT), and plasma (P) activities of SOD and GPX were measured in 58 male alcoholics without evidence of severe liver disease before and after a 21-day weaning period, and in a control group of 78 healthy men. Before abstinence, E-SOD and E-GPX activities were, respectively, 6.8% and 13.0% lower in alcoholics than in controls (p < or = .05 and p < or = .01, respectively), whereas the slight increases of E-CAT, P-SOD and P-GPX were not statistically significant. After 21 days of abstinence, no change in activities of the erythrocyte enzymes was noticed; conversely, P-SOD activity was reduced by 8.3% (p < or = .01) and P-GPX by 23.3% (p < or = .001). Variations of blood antioxidant enzymes observed in patients were of limited amplitude and do not allow the use of either of them as markers of alcohol abuse.
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Tables S1 to S3 References Appendices S1 and S2 Frictional Afterslip following the 2005 Nias-simeulue Earthquake, Sumatra

well-defined properties of RuBisCO (Fig. 3). At 25-C, an increase in [CO 2 ] to 550 ppm should increase light-saturated photosynthesis by 36%. The average increase observed for C 3 crops in FACE was 20% for the daily integral of photosynthetic CO 2 uptake, 17% for total biomass, and just 13% for yield (Fig. 3). This suggests that a series of feedbacks operate in the field to constrain realization of the potential benefits of elevated [CO 2 ]. Only with a thorough high-priority R&D effort might we overcome these feedbacks and achieve the potential gains in food supply. The FACE experiments clearly show that much lower CO 2 fertilization factors should be used in model projections of future yields; however, the present experiments are limited in the range of growing conditions that they cover. Scientists have not investigated the interactive effects of simultaneous change in [CO 2 ], [O 3 ], temperature, and soil moisture. Technological advances suggest that large-scale open-air facilities to investigate these interactions over controlled gradients of variation are now possible (26). Although we have projected results to 2050, this may be too far in the future to spur commercial R&D, but it must not be seen as too distant to discourage R&D in the public sector, given the long lead times that may be needed to avoid global food shortage. 37. Materials and methods for meta-analyses are available as supporting material on Science Online. Full results from the meta-analyses summarized in Table 1 are presented in table S2 with references in appendix S1. C 4 crop yield responses to elevated [CO 2 ] are presented in table S3 with references in appendix S2. 38. 3 Continuously recording Global Positioning System stations near the 28 March 2005 rupture of the Sunda megathrust [moment magnitude (M w) 8.7] show that the earthquake triggered aseismic frictional afterslip on the subduction megathrust, with a major fraction of this slip in the up-dip direction from the main rupture. Eleven months after the main shock, afterslip continues at rates several times the average interseismic rate, resulting in deformation equivalent to at least a M w 8.2 earthquake. In general, along-strike variations in frictional behavior appear to persist over multiple earthquake cycles. Aftershocks cluster along the boundary between the region of coseismic slip and the up-dip creeping zone. We observe that the cumulative number of aftershocks increases linearly with postseismic displacements; this finding …
Robust Stability Analysis and Synthesis for Uncertain Discrete-Time Networked Control Systems Over Fading Channels

This technical note investigates uncertain discrete-time networked control systems over fading channels. It is assumed that the plant is affected by polytopic uncertainty and is connected to the controller in closed-loop via fading channels which are modeled by multiplicative noise processes. Three contributions are proposed as follows. First, it is shown that robust stability in the mean square sense of the uncertain closed-loop networked control system is equivalent to the existence of a Lyapunov function in a certain class. Second, it is shown that the existence of a Lyapunov function in such a class is equivalent to the feasibility of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Third, it is shown that the proposed condition can be exploited for the synthesis of robust controllers ensuring robust stability in the mean square sense of the uncertain closed-loop networked control system.
Forebrain activation induced by postoral nutritive substances in rats

Recent studies have shown the nutrient-sensing systems transmitting nutritive information from the gut to the brain. However neural activity evoked by ingested dietary nutrients has not beeninvestigated adequately. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrated that rat forebrain responded to intragastric administration of glucose, L-glutamate, and NaCl. These dietary nutrients led to a significant activation in the forebrain regions including nucleus accumbens, hypothalamic area, and limbic system with different timings. These data indicate that several forebrain regions have important roles on perception and process of postingestive nutrient information.
The relationships between intestinal damage and circulating endotoxins in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections

The involvement of intestinal damage in experimental African trypanosomiasis was investigated in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei by measuring the urinary excretion of the previously administered non-metabolizable sugar probes, D-mannitol and lactulose, and the flux of FITC-dextran across isolated, everted gut segments. There was increased urinary recovery and flux of the sugar probes across the intestine which were significant (P<0·05) and maximum at day 21 of the infection, but subsequently reduced, in the terminal stages of infection (day 33 p.i.). In the case of the everted sac studies the reductions were to less than 25% control values (P<0·001). Levels of circulating endotoxin were increased approximately 3-fold at day 21 p.i. , 4-fold at day 33 p.i. , compared to controls. At day 21 there was a significant correlation (r = 0·63, P<0·01) between the log endotoxin levels and the increased sugar excretion expressed as the lactulose/mannitol ratios. Histological studies showed damage to the villi, wall thinning and marked cellular infiltrations, which were very prominent in the proximal jejunum and duodenum. These results demonstrate that during trypanosome infections in rats, increased intestinal leakage and increased circulating endotoxins are significant pathological features.
A Comparison of Staples and Nylon Closure in Varicose Vein Surgery

This report describes our experience at wound closure using metallic staples and nylon sutures in 150 patients undergoing elective ligation and stripping for varicose veins. We compared the two methods for speed of closure and wound complications. Closure by Auto Suture is delightfully quick. Fewer patients developed complications from the staples as judged by wound sepsis, separation of the incision and keloid formation.