Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Body Guilt

Two studies investigated body guilt (i.e., feeling regret and remorse over how the body looks and a desire for reparative action to “fix” the body) within the framework of objectification theory among predominantly White British undergraduate women. In Study 1 (N = 225), participants completed self-report measures of interpersonal sexual objectification, self-surveillance, body shame, body guilt, and eating restraint. Path analyses indicated support for the inclusion of body guilt in the objectification model, with body shame and body guilt fully mediating the relationship between self-surveillance and eating restraint. In Study 2 (N = 85), participants reported higher body guilt, self-surveillance, body shame, and eating restraint when self-objectification was situationally activated, compared to the activation of body empowerment or a neutral condition. Path analyses in the second study replicated the objectification model from Study 1 with a state measure of self-objectification. These findings suggest that women also feel guilt (in addition to shame) about their bodies when attention is directed toward their physical appearance and wish to “correct” their body via disordered eating. Acknowledging women’s feelings of guilt in relation to not meeting restrictive beauty standards furthers our understanding of women’s experience of objectification and provides an additional target for reducing women’s mental health risks.
Match to cache: Joint user association and backhaul allocation in cache-aware small cell networks

Caching multimedia files at the network edge has been identified as a key technology for enhancing users' quality-of-service (QoS), while reducing redundant transmissions over capacity-constrained backhauls. Nevertheless, in small cell networks, the efficiency of a caching policy depends on the ability of small base stations (SBSs) to anticipate the requests from the user equipments (UEs). In this paper, we propose a collaborative filtering (CF) scheme for estimating the required backhaul usage at each SBS, by mining the cacheability of UEs' file requests. In the proposed approach, each SBS has a two-fold objective: update the bandwidth allocation based on the estimated backhaul utilization, and, given the current bandwidth availability, identify which UEs to service. We formulate the problem as a one-to many matching game between SBSs and UEs, and we propose a novel cache-aware user association algorithm that minimizes the backhaul usage at each SBS, subject to individual QoS requirements. Simulation results, based on real-world service request logs, have shown that the proposed CF-based solution can yield significant gains in terms of backhaul efficiency and cache hit-ratio, reaching up to 25%, with a maximum gap of 9% to an optimal cache-aware association technique.
Rewriting tragedy: Understanding the cast of characters in the bullying drama

Abstract Bullying presents a significant social distress for students, families and schools. Concerned practitioners and researchers are invested in developing interventions to decrease the frequency and negative impact of bullying. To do so, however, understanding the cast of characters in the bullying drama is critical. This paper reviews selected research on characteristics of bullies, victims and bystanders from a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches. The implications of these characteristics for effective interventions is considered. The role of socio-economic factors is presented, and their relevance for communities and policy makers discussed.
L’enseignement d’un vocabulaire disciplinaire dans deux contextes d’immersion universitaire : Quelle approche favoriser ?

La présente étude vise à vérifier si un enseignement du vocabulaire dans deux contextes d’immersion différents permet une amélioration des connaissances lexicales. Cet article examinera premièrement le contexte de notre étude effectuée auprès de 11 étudiants en droit et 13 étudiants en histoire inscrits àl’université d’Ottawa dans un cours d’encadrement linguistique associé à un cours d’immersion. Puis, nous décrirons le protocole utilisé : chaque semaine, pendant une session universitaire, les étudiants ont complété une série d’activités reliées à un vocabulaire disciplinaire provenant de leurs lectures et de leurs cours. Nous présenterons également les résultats des analyses aux différents tests (pré-test, post-test et test différé) pour vérifier l’amélioration des connaissances chez les étudiants et la rétention de ce vocabulaire entre le début et la fin de la session, entre les mots enseignés et les mots non enseignés. Nos résultats permettront ainsi de proposer les meilleures approches pédagogiques dans les deux cours visés, approches qui tiendront compte des caractéristiques spécifiques au vocabulaire de chacune des disciplines. This study aims to investigate whether teaching vocabulary in immersion courses in two instructional contexts results in improvements in lexical acquisition. It was conducted with 11 students of law and 13 students of history, who were enrolled in adjunct language courses linked to immersion courses at the University of Ottawa. Each week, for one university semester, the students completed a series of activities related to discipline vocabulary drawn from their readings or lectures. The participants’ gains in target vocabulary knowledge were determined using pre-, post-, and delayed post-tests. The gains were compared for vocabulary items that were acquired incidentally and those that were explicitly taught. This study takes into account the specific characteristics of the vocabulary related to each discipline, how the vocabulary appears in the discipline course, and how it will have implications for the best pedagogical approach for the two language courses.
What are discourse markers ?

This paper is an attempt to clarify the status of discourse markers. These lexical expressions have been studied under various labels, including discourse markers, discourse connectives, discourse operators, pragmatic connectives, sentence connectives, and cue phrases. Although most researchers agree that they are expressions which relate discourse segments, there is no agreement on how they are to be defined or how they function. After reviewing prior theoretical research, I define discourse markers as a class of lexical expressions drawn primarily from the syntactic classes of conjunctions, adverbs, and prepositional phrases. With certain exceptions, they signal a relationship between the interpretation of the segment they introduce, $2, and the prior segment, S1. They have a core meaning, which is procedural, not conceptual, and their more specific interpretation is 'negotiated' by the context, both linguistic and conceptual. There are two types: those that relate the explicit interpretation conveyed by $2 with some aspect associated with the segment, S l; and those that relate the topic of $2 to that of S 1. I conclude by presenting what appears to be the major classes according to their function. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A forward model of optic flow for detecting external forces

Robot positioning is an important function of autonomous intelligent robots. However, the application of external forces to a robot can disrupt its normal operation and cause localisation errors. We present a novel approach for detecting external disturbances based on optic flow without the use of egomotion information. Even though this research moderately validates the efficacy of the model we argue that its application is plausible to a large number of robotic systems.
The Patterns and Drivers of Bacterial and Fungal β-Diversity in a Typical Dryland Ecosystem of Northwest China

Dryland ecosystems cover more than 30% of the terrestrial area of China, while processes that shape the biogeographic patterns of bacterial and fungal β-diversity have rarely been evaluated synchronously. To compare the biogeographic patterns and its drivers of bacterial and fungal β-diversity, we collected 62 soil samples from a typical dryland region of northwest China. We assessed bacterial and fungal communities by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS data. Meanwhile, the β-diversity was decomposed into two components: species replacement (species turnover) and nestedness to further explore the bacterial and fungal β-diversity patterns and its causes. The results show that both bacterial and fungal β-diversity were derived almost entirely from species turnover rather than from species nestedness. Distance-decay relationships confirmed that the geographic patterns of bacterial and fungal β-diversity were significantly different. Environmental factors had the dominant influence on both the bacterial and fungal β-diversity and species turnover, however, the role of geographic distance varied across bacterial and fungal communities. Furthermore, both bacterial and fungal nestedness did not significantly respond to the environmental and geographic distance. Our findings suggest that the different response of bacterial and fungal species turnover to dispersal limitation and other, unknown processes may result in different biogeographic patterns of bacterial and fungal β-diversity in the drylands of northwest China. Together, we highlight that the drivers of β-diversity patterns vary between bacterial and fungal communities, and microbial β-diversity are driven by multiple factors in the drylands of northwest China.
Mouse notch: expression in hair follicles correlates with cell fate determination

Many vertebrate tissues, including skin, are known to develop as a consequence of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Much less is known about the role of cell-cell interaction within the epithelial or the mesenchymal compartments in morphogenesis. To investigate cell-cell interactions during skin development, and the potential role of the Notch homolog in this process, we cloned the mouse homolog of Notch (mNotch) and studied its expression pattern, starting as early as mesoderm formation. The novel application of double-labeled in situ hybridization in vertebrates allowed high resolution analysis to follow the fate of mNotch expressing cells directly. In comparison with the distribution of Id mRNA, analysis confirmed that in the hair follicle high levels of mNotch are expressed exclusively in the epithelial compartment. Hair follicle matrix cells start expressing mNotch as different cell types become distinguishable in the developing follicle. mNotch mRNA expression persists throughout the growth phase of the follicle and maintains the same expression profile in the second hair cycle. The cells in the follicle that undergo a phase of high level mNotch expression are in transition from mitotic precursors to several discreet, differentiating cell types. Our observations point out that both in time (during development) and in space (by being removed one cell layer from the dermal papilla) mNotch expression is clearly separated from the inductive interactions. This is a novel finding and suggests that mNotch is important for follicular differentiation and possibly cell fate selection within the follicle.
Emerging Adulthood

Seventy-two Israeli emerging adults were interviewed for descriptions of themselves and accounts of their personal, social, and professional dreams, current life status, romantic relationships, and relationships with their parents. Interviews were transcribed and rated on scales assessing self-processes, attainment of professional and romantic tasks, and relationships with parents. Cluster analysis revealed three distinctive types of emerging adults: low integrated self and competence; competence combined with an integrated and authentic self; and acting competent combined with low self-authenticity. Distinctive patterns of relationships with parents were found among the three cluster members. The distinction among the three clusters is discussed within the framework of developmental processes of emerging adulthood.
Children evoke similar affective and instructional responses from their teachers and mothers

In the present study, we examined the extent to which the responses of teachers and mothers toward a particular child are similar in respect to their instructional support and affect, and whether child characteristics predict these responses. The data of 373 Finnish child–teacher–mother triads (178 girls, 195 boys) were analysed. Teachers and mothers reported their instructional support and affective responses toward a child in the school/homework context in Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4. At the beginning of Grade 1, the children’s performance in reading and math was tested, and teachers evaluated the children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviour. The results demonstrated that mothers and teachers showed similar instructional support and affective responses toward a particular child at the end of Grade 1. Moreover, children’s poor performance in reading and math at the beginning of Grade 1 was associated with high amounts of both teachers’ and mothers’ instructional support at the end of Grade 1, while children’s externalizing problem behaviour was strongly related particularly to teachers’ but also to mothers’ negative affective responses at the end of Grade 1. The results provide evidence for the evocative impact of child characteristics on the child’s interpersonal environment at the start of child’s school career.
Undergraduate students’ perceptions of their advisors: socioCommunicative style and perceptions of relational satisfaction

This study examined the specific interpersonal communication styles and behaviors of advisors and the expectations they have on their advisee’s level of satisfaction, as well as what characteristics lead to higher relational satisfaction in the advisor-advisee relationship. A combination of convenience and snowball sampling were utilized to obtain participants for this study. Three hundred and ninety-seven college students voluntarily completed a survey on their current advisor. The instruments used relied on the Sociocommunicative Style Scale created by Richmond and McCroskey (1985), and on the Relational Satisfaction Scale created by Beatty and Dobos (1992). Results revealed that there is a significant relationship between sociocommunicative style and relationship satisfaction. The authors note as study limitations the lack of qualitative data, the randomness of the sample, and the large proportion of female participants that resulted from the random sample. The authors conclude that by further studying variables within the advisee-advisor relationship, advisors can learn how to communicate better in order to have a satisfying and beneficial relationship with their advisees. Additionally, advisees can learn what to expect from advisement and how to attain satisfying relationships with their advisors. DOI: 10.18870/hlrc.v5i2. 188
The Function of Corporate Law and the Effects of Reincorporations in the U.S. and the E.U.

In the U.S., corporations can be incorporated in any of the 50 states and can “reincorporate” afterwards in any other state. However, the competence of the state where a company is incorporated is limited: on the one hand, it is restricted by federal laws and, on the other hand, it regulates only the “internal affairs” of corporate activities. Consequently, in the U.S. reincorporations are a relatively easy task, since they only shift rules that address the shareholders - board relation, while creditors and other stakeholders are not affected.In the E.U., we find a partially similar scenario. In the last decade, the European Court of Justice has liberalized initial incorporations and in 2005 the cross-border directive has opened the doors to freedom of reincorporation from one member state to another. In the E.U., reincorporations have a much different impact than on the other side of the Atlantic, since the agency problems between shareholders and the board are bundled with the agency problems between shareholders and creditors, all being in the competence of the member state of incorporation. In the E.U., therefore, any change of the applicable corporate law risks to jeopardize creditors. Sophisticated creditors will discount this risk from the credit rate or will protect themselves through specific covenant, but non-sophisticated creditors will bear entirely the risk of opportunistic reincorporations. For this reason, many E.U. member states provide mechanisms for creditors’ protection in case of reincorporation, often by requiring the debtor to give a security or to pay the debts that are not yet due. These mechanisms are aimed at avoiding negative externalities, yet they make reincorporations more expensive and will impede a certain number of efficient transactions.
Group decision making with incomplete information.

In Group Decision Making problems experts have to provide their preferences about some alternatives to solve a particular problem. Fuzzy Preference Relations are a very widely preference representation format that experts can use to express their opinions about the alternatives. But due to their own personal background and abilities experts are not often capable of provide complete and consistent preference relations.
Coefficient quantization in nearly perfect-reconstruction cosine-modulated filter banks

This paper presents one possible implementation structure for nearly perfect-reconstruction (NPR) cosine-modulated filter banks (CMFBs). The effect of straightforward coefficient quantization on the performance of the filter bank systems is studied. In multicarrier systems, these filter banks can be used in the transmultiplexer (TMUX) configuration. The performance is evaluated by using parameters like intercarrier interference (ICI), intersymbol interference (ISI), and stopband attenuation.
Gastrointestinal Autonomic Nerve Tumors: A Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical And Ultrastructural Study Of 10 Cases

&NA; Gastrointestinal Autonomic Nerve Tumors (GANTs) are an under‐recognized group of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) putatively arising from the neural plexuses of the bowel wall. Approximately 24 cases have been previously reported. Their histogenesis, malignant potential, morphology and phenotypic features are not well defined. We present details of 10 GANTs iterating features, predominantly ultrastructural, allowing distinction from other GISTs. Clinical details are: sex‐7M, 3F; age range 31–79 yrs, mean 53; symptoms/signs — abdominal pain 3, GI bleeding 3, mass 2, anemia 2. Follow‐up ranged from 1–102 mths, mean 29. Seven tumors involved the small intestine and 3 were gastric. Tumor size ranged from 30–160 mm, mean 79. They were solid and cystic, often transmural and usually involved mesentery and retroperitoneum. Spindled and epithelioid cells were “compartmentalized” by a branching microvasculature. Eosinophilic, PAS positive stromal globules were prominent. Paraffin immunostaining results were (number positive/total): vimentin (8/9), NSE (10/10), S100 protein (6/10), neurofilament protein (0/9), synaptophysin (3/9), desmin (2/9, focal), smooth‐muscle actin (0/9). Ultrastructural diagnostic features were elaborate, branching cytoplasmic processes containing microtubules, intermediate filaments and varying numbers of neurosecretory granules. Characteristic features were elaborate smooth endoplasmic reticulum enmeshed with intermediate filaments, pleomorphic mitochondria with lamellar cristae, mitochondrial‐RER complexes, confronting RER cisternae, and circumscribed collections of stromal “skeinoid” fibres. There were no features of smooth muscle, Schwannian or perineurial differentiation. We conclude that: 1) GANTs can be distinguished from other GISTs, electron microscopy being essential for diagnosis: 2) biological behaviour and predictors must await study of further cases with longer follow‐up; our findings indicate less aggressive behaviour than that described previously; and 3) immunohistochemistry on fixed material is of limited value without ultrastructural assessment; focal desmin positivity is not indicative of smooth muscle differentiation without other supporting evidence.
Emotion and Social Judgments

The role of emotions in interpersonal judgements about health and illness and in social decisions receive particular attention in this book. The book is organised in three sections: conceptual approaches to the connection between emotion, mood and judgements; extension of the basic theory behind how feelings affect social judgements; and theoretical models and their application in research.
Meta-Prod2Vec: Product Embeddings Using Side-Information for Recommendation

We propose Meta-Prod2vec, a novel method to compute item similarities for recommendation that leverages existing item metadata. Such scenarios are frequently encountered in applications such as content recommendation, ad targeting and web search. Our method leverages past user interactions with items and their attributes to compute low-dimensional embeddings of items. Specifically, the item metadata is injected into the model as side information to regularize the item embeddings. We show that the new item representations lead to better performance on recommendation tasks on an open music dataset.
Evaluating the use and utility of noninvasive angiography in diagnosing traumatic blunt cerebrovascular injury

BACKGROUND Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for radiographic diagnosis of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI), but use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has increased dramatically in BCVI screening. This study explores the utility, effectiveness, and cost of noninvasive CTA and MRA screening for BCVI. METHODS Medical records of 2,025 consecutive adults evaluated for acute blunt neck trauma and BCVI were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of BCVI, level(s) of cervical injury, involvement of foramina transversaria and internal carotid canals, presence of bony dislocation or subluxation, and subsequent treatment received were assessed. Asymptomatic patients were analyzed based on fracture and injury patterns. The cost effectiveness of CTA compared with DSA and the effects of CTA sensitivity and screening yield were determined. RESULTS Of reviewed patients, 196 received CTA or MRA. Thirty-eight patients (19.4%) were diagnosed with BCVI. Screening yield in patients symptomatic at presentation was 48.8%. Large-vessel internal carotid, vertebral, anterior spinal, and basilar artery occlusion were associated with a positive screen, as were concurrent stroke and spinal cord injury (p < 0.01). Of patients with injuries found with noninvasive imaging, 50.0% of BCVI involved C1-3 fracture, 34.2% involved subluxation, and 65.8% involved foramina transversaria. In both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, CTA screening was more cost effective than DSA. CONCLUSION Noninvasive imaging is a safe, accurate, and cost-effective tool for BCVI screening. Symptomatic presentation was the best predictor of BCVI. Significant cost savings were realized using CTA rather than DSA, with similar effectiveness and patient outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic study, level III; economic analysis, level IV.