Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Ubiquitinated Intranuclear Inclusions in Familial and Non‐Familial Frontotemporal Dementia of the Motor Neuron Disease Type Associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Ubiquitinated cytoplasmic inclusions (Ub-CIs) in superficial frontal cortex and dentate gyrus neurons are the hallmark of frontotemporal degeneration of the motor neuron disease-type (FTD-MND-type). To date, 2 reports have described intranuclear ubiquitinated inclusions (Ub-INIs) in 9 cases of familial FTD-MND-type (without clinical or pathologic motor neuron disease, MND). In the current study we found an additional 11 cases with Ub-INIs. We have identified for the first time among these cases 2 with a negative family history and 3 that have concomitant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The results of the present study i) confirm a previous report of significantly lower average brain weight and longer duration in cases with Ub-INIs, ii) reveal significantly greater striatal neuronal loss and gliosis in cases with intranuclear inclusions, and iii) demonstrate that intranuclear inclusions correlate with cytoplasmic inclusions and dystrophic neurites in frontal cortex and striatum but not in dentate gyrus. In addition, the current study confirms that Ub-INIs are found in familial FTD-MND-type, but also extends the presence of Ub-INIs to familial FTD-MND (with concomitant ALS), and probably also to non-familial FTD-MND-type.
A Remark on Invariants for C*-Algebras of Stable Rank One

It is shown that, for a C*-algebra of stable rank one (i.e. in which the invertible elements are dense), two well-known invariants, the Cuntz semigroup and the Thomsen semigroup, contain the same information. More precisely, these two invariants, viewed appropriately, determine each other in a natural way.
Uncertainty principles for compact groups

We establish an operator-theoretic uncertainty principle over arbitrary compact groups, generalizing several previous results. As a consequence, we show that if f is in L^2(G), then the product of the measures of the supports of f and its Fourier transform ^f is at least 1; here, the dual measure is given by the sum, over all irreducible representations V, of d_V rank(^f(V)). For finite groups, our principle implies the following: if P and R are projection operators on the group algebra C[G] such that P commutes with projection onto each group element, and R commutes with left multiplication, then the squared operator norm of PR is at most rank(P)rank(R)/|G|.
The information behaviour of Pacific Crest Trail thru-hikers: an autoethnographic pilot study

Introduction. This work-in-progress study considers if the models of Savolainen, Kuhlthau, and Wilson are congruent with the dynamics of information seeking and sharing behaviour amongst long-distance hikers as they undertake a journey along the Pacific Crest Trail, USA; this approach is largely unexplored in academic literature. Initial insights stemming from a pilot study are examined. Expected outcomes from the research include contributing to advancing knowledge in these areas and creating worth for the thru-hiking community with regard to their safety, time, navigation, efficiencies, and overall quality of experience. Method. The study uses autoethnography as outlined by Ellis, Adams, and Bochner to investigate the information seeking behaviour associated with hikers. Analysis and results. A preliminary pilot-study generated, amongst other materials, audio field notes that were informed by the works of Savolainen, Kuhlthau, and Wilson. Comments are made on the fieldwork process and difficulties in data collection are explored. The pilot-study confirmed that the autoethnographic method was suitable for this research and that a loose adherence to the elements that comprise models of information seeking behaviour gives some necessary structure to data collection. Initial insights and next steps. The consideration of information behaviour during the pilot study was both interesting and informative, contributing to a cementation of ideas on the environment for fieldwork data collection, models of information seeking behaviour, and the autoethnographic method. The main data collection phase of the work is (literally) the next step in the research process: a three-month period whilst walking the Pacific Crest Trail.
The Perception of Family, City, and Country Values Is Often Biased

People often make inferences about the values of other people in their families, cities, and countries, but there are reasons to expect systematic biases in these inferences. Across four studies (N = 1,763), we examined people’s perceptions of the values of their families, fellow citizens of the cities in which they live, and compatriots across three nations (Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom). Our results show that people systematically misperceive comparison groups’ values. People underestimate the importance that their compatriots ascribe to more important values and overestimate the importance of less important values. This occurs in comparison with their own values, the actual values of the people living in the same city and the actual values of their compatriots. The effect sizes were medium to large. Furthermore, the results occurred independently of participants’ culture, time spent in the culture, and the underlying value model used. These results consistently show that people’s speculations about values in their community and society are biased in a self- and family favoring direction. In addition, we found that the structure of values (e.g., as proposed by Schwartz) holds for perceived family, fellow citizens of the cities in which they live, and compatriots’ values. Overall, our findings suggest that the values of other people are more selfless than is often believed.
The Influence of Assistance of Helped Guided Inquiry Methods Tutorial Video Practicum on the Process of Student Science Skills

Interesting learning methods and media can support the learning process being fun and improve students' skills. This study aims to determine the effect of guided inquiry methods assisted by video practicum tutorials on science process skills, cooperative skills and student responses. The study was conducted in Jepara Middle School 5 2018/2019 school year. The population of the study was 9th grade students. Determination of the sample with a cluster random sampling system so that two classes are obtained to be sampled. The experimental class received treatment using guided inquiry methods assisted by practical tutorial video and control classes using guided inquiry methods. Hypothesis testing using t-test. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that: (1) There were differences results of significant scientific process skills between guided inquiry learning assisted by video practicum tutorials compared to guided inquiry learning; (2) The results of collaboration skills observation between guided inquiry learning assisted by practical video tutorials are better than guided inquiry learning; (3) Students show a very good respond (average score of all students 115). By using interesting and fun learning media, it can make students be motivated and interested in learning.
A Proposal for Linguistic Similarity Datasets Based on Commonality Lists

Similarity is a core notion that is used in psychology and two branches of linguistics: theoretical and computational. The similarity datasets that come from the two fields differ in design: psychological datasets are focused around a certain topic such as fruit names, while linguistic datasets contain words from various categories. The later makes humans assign low similarity scores to the words that have nothing in common and to the words that have contrast in meaning, making similarity scores ambiguous. In this work we discuss the similarity collection procedure for a multi-category dataset that avoids score ambiguity and suggest changes to the evaluation procedure to reflect the insights of psychological literature for word, phrase and sentence similarity. We suggest to ask humans to provide a list of commonalities and differences instead of numerical similarity scores and employ the structure of human judgements beyond pairwise similarity for model evaluation. We believe that the proposed approach will give rise to datasets that test meaning representation models more thoroughly with respect to the human treatment of similarity.
Premonitory urges are associated with decreased grey matter thickness within the insula and sensorimotor cortex in young people with Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics and is associated with cortical–striatal–thalamic–cortical circuit (CSTC) dysfunction and hyperexcitability of cortical limbic and motor regions, which are thought to lead to the occurrence of tics. Importantly, individuals with TS often report that their tics are preceded by ‘premonitory sensory phenomena’ (PSP) that are described as uncomfortable cognitive or bodily sensations that precede the execution of a tic, and are experienced as a strong urge for motor discharge. While the precise role played by PSP in the occurrence of tics is controversial, PSP are nonetheless of considerable theoretical and clinical importance in TS, not least because they form the core component in many of the behavioural therapies that are currently used in the treatment of tic disorders. In this study, we investigated the brain structure correlates of PSP. Specifically, we conducted a whole‐brain analysis of cortical (grey matter) thickness in 29 children and young adults with TS and investigated the association between grey matter thickness and PSP. We demonstrate for the first time that PSP are inversely associated with grey matter thickness measurements within the insula and sensorimotor cortex. We also demonstrate that grey matter thickness is significantly reduced in these areas in individuals with TS relative to a closely age‐ and gender‐matched group of typically developing individuals and that PSP ratings are significantly correlated with tic severity.
The impact of context on social identification : examining the effects of leadership and social roles

This thesis aims to extend the current understanding of social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979), investigating aspects of group contexts (Brown & Abrams, 1986) and its implications. Some common contexts, prevalent in the literature, have been selected. These include: intergroup and intragroup contexts, social roles (Turner, 1990) extending to aspects of leader/follower perceptions (Cicero, Pierro & van Knippenberg, 2010), and newly-formed versus established group context (Lickel, Hamilton & Sherman, 2001). As such, the thesis is divided into six chapters, of which four are dedicated to the presentation of the empirical data. The first two studies focus on understanding and examining the development of a social identity between new and established groups, in the context of British university students. The last two studies are dedicated to understanding developed identification in established groups, and the effects of leaders as special group members, on that identification. Together these two programmes provide further understanding of context within social identity theory, and the impact of social roles within groups.
From Fault Line to Group Fission: Understanding Membership Changes in Small Groups

Group fissions occur when two or more members leave a parent group to either form a new group or join an existing group. This article investigates the interplay between two factors: the presence of an intragroup conflict and subgroup boundaries on the group fission process. It is hypothesized that subgroup divisions act as potential fault lines along which groups split after they experience conflict. The results of three experiments, one scenario study and two laboratory studies involving small task groups, support the group fault line hypothesis. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for theory and research on membership changes in small groups.
Evolutionary Algorithms, Homomorphous Mappings, and Constrained Parameter Optimization

During the last five years, several methods have been proposed for handling nonlinear constraints using evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for numerical optimization problems. Recent survey papers classify these methods into four categories: preservation of feasibility, penalty functions, searching for feasibility, and other hybrids. In this paper we investigate a new approach for solving constrained numerical optimization problems which incorporates a homomorphous mapping between n-dimensional cube and a feasible search space. This approach constitutes an example of the fifth decoder-based category of constraint handling techniques. We demonstrate the power of this new approach on several test cases and discuss its further potential.
Why Do Private Acquirers Pay so Little Compared to Public Acquirers?

Using the longest event window, we find that public target shareholders receive a 63% (14%) higher premium when the acquirer is a public firm rather than a private equity firm (private operating firm). The premium difference holds with the usual controls for deal and target characteristics, and it is highest (lowest) when acquisitions by private bidders are compared to acquisitions by public companies with low (high) managerial ownership. Further, the premium paid by public bidders (not private bidders) increases with target managerial and institutional ownership.
The Fermentation Analogy: A Point of View for Understanding the Intriguing Role of Proline Accumulation in Stressed Plants

The accumulation of proline under environmental stress is a conserved response of plants. Five decades have passed since the first report of proline accumulation in plants (Barnnet and Naylor, 1966). Many hypotheses have been put forward regarding assignment of a function to proline. These proposed roles include antioxidant capacity, osmoprotection, signaling, developmental function, and contributing in redox and cellular homeostasis (Smirnoff and Cumbes, 1989; Mattioli et al., 2008; Szabados and Savoure, 2010; Kishor et al., 2015). Among these, the osmotic adjustment, osmoprotectant, and antioxidant role have probably been the earliest and most widely accepted functions of proline. It is known that compatible osmolytes contribute in the retention of water, but also some of them force proteins to adopt a compactly folded structure, preventing the unfolding and reducing the exposed surface of the protein to damaging compounds (Attri et al., 2010). In case of proline this was demonstrated both in vitro and in single cell organisms. For example, it was observed that proline overproducing E. coli mutants had greater osmotolerance (Csonka et al., 1988) and also proline can inhibit protein aggregation in vivo (Ignatova and Gierasch, 2006). However, neither osmotic adjustment nor osmoprotection has been clearly confirmed in plants (Maggio et al., 2002; Kavi Kishor and Sreenivasulu, 2014). This is probably more complex in plants because plants have different osmoregulatory mechanisms. Controversy is present regarding its proposed antioxidant role because recent evidence demonstrates that proline cannot scavenge singlet oxygen, superoxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite nor nitrogen dioxide (Signorelli et al., 2013, 2016). In view of the lack of activity in previously suggested roles it has recently been proposed that proline acts exclusively as a hydroxyl radical scavenger (Signorelli et al., 2014, 2015), but more evidence for the physiological importance of this role is needed.
Canonical structure of Yang-Mills theory

I consider the problem of defining canonical coordinates and momenta in pure Yang-Mills theory, under the condition that Gauss' law is identically satisifed. This involves among other things particular boundary conditions for certain dependent variables. These boundary conditions are not postulated a priori, but arise as consistency conditions related to the equations of motion. It is shown that the theory indeed has a canonical structure, provided one uses a special gauge condition, which is a natural generalisation to Yang-Mills theory of the Coulomb gauge condition in electrodynamics. The canonical variables and Hamiltonian are explicitly constructed. Quantisation of the theory is briefly discussed.
EARLY PLIOCENE DEEP-WATER CIRCULATION : STABLE ISOTOPE EVIDENCE FOR ENHANCED NORTHERN COMPONENT DEEP WATER

High resolution benthic (Cibicidoides spp.) stable isotope and percent sand fraction records were constructed for the early Pliocene (3.3-4.7 Ma) at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 925 (3042 m water depth) and 929 (4361 m water depth). These sites are located in the modern mixing zone of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). We evaluate changes in deep-water circulation between the two sites using the vertical stable isotope gradient. The oxygen isotope records of both sites have well deÞned maxima that correspond to established glacial isotope stages for this time interval. Between 4.2 and 3.7 Ma, average d18O values from the shallower Site 925 are higher than at the deeper Site 929 by 0. 2ä, indicating that NADW may have been relatively warm and salty compared to today. Site 929 d18O values correspond well to previously published records, suggesting an average decrease in the isotopic composition of ocean water of ~0. 4ä with respect to the late Holocene. At the deeper Site 929, there is considerable d13C variability with extremely low minima. These results indicate that Site 929 was highly sensitive to changes in the relative ßux of northern vs. southern component deep water. Site 929 d13C minima coincide with glacial stages suggesting a deep-water circulation link similar to that observed during the late Pliocene/Pleistocene. At Site 925, d13C values are consistently high and minima can be entirely accounted for by global d13C variability. These data indicate a relatively strong NADW ßux and suggest that the shallower Site 925 remained within the core of NADW throughout the majority of the time interval. The prevailing inßuence of northern component deep water evident at these sites is consistent with climate models that attribute early Pliocene warmth to increased northward heat transport.
Pharmacogenomic Characterization and Isobologram Analysis of the Combination of Ascorbic Acid and Curcumin—Two Main Metabolites of Curcuma longa—in Cancer Cells

Curcuma longa has long been used in China and India as anti-inflammatory agent to treat a wide variety of conditions and also as a spice for varied curry preparations. The chemoprofile of the Curcuma species exhibits the presence of varied phytochemicals with curcumin being present in all three species but AA only being shown in C. longa. This study explored the effect of a curcumin/AA combination on human cancer cell lines. The curcumin/AA combination was assessed by isobologram analysis using the Loewe additivity drug interaction model. The drug combination showed additive cytotoxicity toward CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cell lines and HCT116p53+/+ and HCT116p53−/− colon cancer cell line, while the glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and U87MG. ΔEGFR showed additive to supra-additive cytotoxicity. Gene expression profiles predicting sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to induction by curcumin and AA were determined by microarray-based mRNA expressions, COMPARE, and hierarchical cluster analyses. Numerous genes involved in transcription (TFAM, TCERG1, RGS13, C11orf31), apoptosis-regulation (CRADD, CDK7, CDK19, CD81, TOM1) signal transduction (NR1D2, HMGN1, ABCA1, DE4ND4B, TRIM27) DNA repair (TOPBP1, RPA2), mRNA metabolism (RBBP4, HNRNPR, SRSF4, NR2F2, PDK1, TGM2), and transporter genes (ABCA1) correlated with cellular responsiveness to curcumin and ascorbic acid. In conclusion, this study shows the effect of the curcumin/AA combination and identifies several candidate genes that may regulate the response of varied cancer cells to curcumin and AA.
Momentum and optimal stochastic search

The rate of convergence for gradient descent algorithms, both batch and stochastic, can be improved by including in the weight update a “momentum” term proportional to the previous weight update. Several authors [1, 2] give conditions for convergence of the mean and covariance of the weight vector for momentum LMS with constant learning rate. However stochastic algorithms require that the learning rate decay over time in order to achieve true convergence of the weight (in probability, in mean square, or with probability one). This paper uses the dynamics of weight space probabilities [3, 4] to address stochastic gradient algorithms with learning rate annealing and momentum. This theoretical framework provides a simple, unified treatment of asymptotic convergence rates and asymptotic normality. The results for algorithms without momentum have been previously discussed in the literature. Here we gather those results under a common theoretical structure and extend them to stochastic gradient descent with momentum.
Cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A decreases operant ethanol self administration in rats exposed to ethanol-vapor chambers.

AIM To study the potential role of dependence status on CB1-mediated blockade of ethanol self-administration. METHODS We examined the effects of the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A (0, 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mg/kg) on operant ethanol (10% v/v) self-administration in male Wistar rats that were made ethanol-dependent by chronic (14 d) exposure to ethanol vapor-chambers or exposed to air in identical vapor chambers. RESULTS Dependent animals responded more for ethanol than did air control nondependent rats. The acute administration of a 3 mg/kg dose of SR141716A almost suppressed ethanol self-administration only in ethanol dependent animals. However, operant responses for food were not affected by the administration of SR141716A. CONCLUSION These results further support that cannabinoid CB1 receptor blockade may have a potential utility for the treatment of alcoholism.
Are Movers More Egalitarian than Stayers? An Intergenerational Perspective on Intra-Household Financial Decision-Making

This study seeks to investigate the role of international migration in shaping the financial decision-making behaviors of married couples through a comparison of three generations of Turkish migrants to Europe (i.e., movers) with their counterparts who remained in Turkey (i.e., stayers). The data are drawn from a subset of personal data from the 2000 Families Survey, involving 4,215 interviews performed randomly with married individuals nested within 1,713 families. The results suggest that international migration increases the tendency for spouses to jointly decide on their finances by (1) weakening the intergenerational transmission of traditional financial decision-making behaviors and gender ideologies and (2) enabling more intense acculturation of younger generations within “less patriarchal” contexts. With its unique, intergenerational, and multisite perspective, the study provides particular insight into the understudied relationship between migration and intra-household decision-making and its benefits for gender equality.