Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Color Realism and Hemispheric Laterality.

;BSTRACT This study investigated the interaction between cognitive lateral functions and pictorial recognition memory for pictures presented in three different color modes. The stimulus materials used were slides selected from a pool of travel and general geographic scenery slides taken in various parts of North America. One third of the slides were retained in the original realistic color format, a second group was produced in nonrealistic color by means of photographic reversal, and a third was recopied unto black and white slides. The original slides were randomly assigned to be copied in such a manner that a total of 60 split-slides were produced. The split-slides allowed for simultanecus projection of two scenes with one in the left visual field and one in the right visual field. Subjects were 30 right-handed male students from a Pennsylvania community college. The list learning procedure was used to present the stimulus materials. Following the treatment presentation, subjects were presented a random distribution of all individual images (stimulus and distractor) and asked to indicate whether they had seen the image before. Th findings of the study indicate that both realistic color and black and white processing are more functions of the left than the right hemisphere, while nonrealistic color processing appears to be more a function of the right than the left hemisphere. It is concluded that nonrealistic color in visuals is primarily a cuing device, while realistic color and black and white visuals have both visual and verbal components and may require higher levels of processing. It is suggested that as the components of visuals increase in complexity, lateral iirIction become lesL; specialized and more unified. (1 table, 3 figures, and 28 references) (BBM)
Gender based Dosing of Metoprolol in the Elderly using Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations.

INTRODUCTION This article seeks to clarify if gender-based differences occur in the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in the elderly patients. There are a series of physiologic changes that occur in the elderly ranging from decreased hepatic blood flow to increased adiposity causing higher plasma concentrations at therapeutic doses as compared to the healthy young population. METHODS Population pharmacokinetic modeling were performed using MONOLIX and Monte-Carlo simulations were conducted using MATLAB. The data was based from a previously published dataset where elderly patients, having multiple comorbidities, were administered a 50mg dose of metoprolol. RESULTS Metoprolol was modeled using a one-compartment model and resulted in the following population pharmacokinetic parameters: volume of distribution, V=38L (CV=155%), clearance rates, CL-Men=105L/hour and CL-Women=59.1L/hour (38%), time lag, Tlag=0.469 hour (CV=17%), and the absorption rate constant, Ka=0.235 hr-1 (CV=23%). CONCLUSION Gender stratified doses resulting in an equivalent systemic metoprolol exposure in geriatric patients have been identified. Metoprolol doses resulting a similar AUC in a healthy young male administered 50mg tablet were 15mg for geriatric women and 25mg for geriatric men. Further, Metoprolol doses of 25mg for geriatric women and 50mg for geriatric men resulted in an equivalent AUC to a healthy young males dosed with a 100mg tablet. A 15mg Metoprolol tablet may need to be compounded to account for the gender differences in Metoprolol pharmacokinetics.
Auditory Brain Stem Response to Complex Sounds: A Tutorial

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the methodological approach to collecting and analyzing auditory brain stem responses to complex sounds (cABRs). cABRs provide a window into how behaviorally relevant sounds such as speech and music are processed in the brain. Because temporal and spectral characteristics of sounds are preserved in this subcortical response, cABRs can be used to assess specific impairments and enhancements in auditory processing. Notably, subcortical auditory function is neither passive nor hardwired but dynamically interacts with higher-level cognitive processes to refine how sounds are transcribed into neural code. This experience-dependent plasticity, which can occur on a number of time scales (e.g., life-long experience with speech or music, short-term auditory training, on-line auditory processing), helps shape sensory perception. Thus, by being an objective and noninvasive means for examining cognitive function and experience-dependent processes in sensory activity, cABRs have considerable utility in the study of populations where auditory function is of interest (e.g., auditory experts such as musicians, and persons with hearing loss, auditory processing, and language disorders). This tutorial is intended for clinicians and researchers seeking to integrate cABRs into their clinical or research programs.
Gamified In-Home Rehabilitation for Stroke Survivors: Analytical Review

A stroke is a life-changing event that may end up as a disability, with repercussions on the patient’s quality of life. Stroke rehabilitation therapies are helpful to regain some of the patient’s lost functionality. However, in practice stroke patients may suffer from a gradual loss of motivation. Gamified systems are used to increase user motivation, hence, gamified elements have been implemented into stroke rehabilitation therapies in order to improve patients’ engagement and adherence. This review work focuses on selecting and analyzing developed and validated gamified stroke rehabilitation systems published between 2009 and 2017 to identify the most important features of these systems. After extensive research, 32 articles have met the selection criteria, resulting in a total of 28 unique works. The works were analyzed and a total of 20 features were identified. The features are explained, making emphasis on the works that implement them extensively. Finally, a classification of features based on objectives is proposed, which was used to identify the relationships between features and implementation gaps. It was found that there is a tendency to develop low-cost solutions as in-home therapy systems and provide a variety of games. This review allowed the definition of the opportunities for future research direction such as systems addressing the three rehabilitation areas; data analytics to make decisions; motivational content identification based on automatic engagement detection and emotion recognition; and alert systems for patient´s safety.
Development of high harmonic generation spectroscopy of organic molecules and biomolecules

In this review we will discuss the topic of high order harmonic generation (HHG) from samples of organic and bio-molecules. The possibility to extract useful dynamical and structural information from the measurement of the HHG emission, a technique termed high harmonic generation spectroscopy (HHGS), will be the special focus of our discussions. We will begin by introducing the salient facts of HHG from atoms and simple molecules and explaining the principles behind HHGS. Next the technical difficulties associated with HHG from samples of organic molecules and biomolecules, principally the low sample density and the low ionization potential, will be examined. Then we will present some recent experiments where HHG spectra from samples of these molecules have been measured and discuss what has been learned from these measurements. Finally we will look at the future prospects for HHG spectroscopy of organic molecules, discussing some of the technical and in principle limits of the technique and methods that may ameliorate these limits.
Benchmarking projection-based real coded genetic algorithm on BBOB-2013 noiseless function testbed

In this paper, a real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) which incorporates an exploratory search mechanism based on vector projection termed projection-based RCGA (PRCGA) is benchmarked on the noisefree BBOB 2013 testbed. It is an enhanced version of RCGA-P in [22, 23]. The projection operator incorporated in PRCGA shows promising exploratory search capability in some problem landscape. PRCGA is equipped with a multiple independent restart mechanism and a stagnation alleviation mechanism. The maximum number of function evaluations (#FEs) for each test run is set to 105 times the problem dimension. PRCGA shows encouraging results on several problems in the low and moderate search dimensions. It is able to solve each type of problem with the dimension up to 40 with lower precision but not all the functions to the desired level of accuracy of 10-8 especially for high conditioning and multi-modal functions within the specified maximum #FEs.
Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted nanoparticles for MRI of human glioma

Objective To study the characterization of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs. Methods Fe3O4@Au-C225 was prepared by the absorption method. The immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate its absorption efficiency at C225 Fc. ZETA SIZER3000 laser particle size analyzer, ultraviolet photometer and its characteristics were analyzed by VSM. the targeting effect of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs on U251 cells in vitro were detected by 7.0 Tesla Micro-MR; and subcutaneous transplanted human glioma in nude mice were performed the targeting effect in vivo after tail vein injection of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs by MRI. Results The self-prepared Fe3O4@Au composite MNPs can adsorb C225 with high efficiency of adsorption so that Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs were prepared successfully. Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs favorably targeted human glioma cell line U251 in vitro; Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs have good targeting ability to xenografted glioma on nude mice in vivo, and can be traced by MRI. Conclusion The Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs have the potential to be used as a tracer for glioma in vivo.
Children's and adults’ understanding of the “disgust face”

By the age of 4 years, children (N=120) know the meaning of the word disgust as well as they know the meaning of anger and fear; for example, when asked, they are equally able to generate a plausible cause for each of these emotions. Yet, in tasks involving facial expressions (free labelling of faces, deciding whether or not a face expresses disgust, or finding a “disgust face” in an array of faces), a majority of 3- to 7-year-old children (N=144) associated the prototypical “disgust face” with anger and denied its association with disgust (25% of adults on the same tasks did so as well). These results challenge the assumption that all humans easily recognise disgust from its facial expression and that this recognition is a precursor to children's understanding of the emotion of disgust.
Stem Cell Therapy in Liver Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis results from different mechanisms of liver injury that lead to necroinflammation and fibrogenesis; Patients with liver cirrhosis often require liver transplantation but it is affected by many problems, including relative operative damage, high costs, lack of donors, and risk of rejection. Currently studies are shown the Stem cell therapy has the potential to provide a valuable adjunct to the management of disease, Stem cell should be the natural candidates to provide a renewable source of cells for transplantation. The main mechanism of stem cell therapy is that stem cell capacity to differentiate into any of the hundreds of distinct cell types that comprise the human body. In addition to their potential in therapeutics can be used to study the earliest stages of human development and disease modeling using human cells. In this article, we review the potential for stem cell therapies to treat liver cirrhosis, MSCs cells are reprogrammed as useful sources of cells that can be change to liver cell for treatment of cirrhosis but pathological implication and autologous bone marrow stem cell therapy for cirrhosis are still to be elucidated and clinical trials that required before this cell transplantation must be performed in Large-scale controlled to becomes a regular therapy.
Central limit theorems for sequential and random intermittent dynamical systems

We establish self-norming central limit theorems for non-stationary time series arising as observations on sequential maps possessing an indifferent fixed point. These transformations are obtained by perturbing the slope in the Pomeau–Manneville map. We also obtain quenched central limit theorems for random compositions of these maps.
Information Technologies, Health, and Globalization: Anyone Excluded?

Modern information technologies and worldwide communication through the Internet promise both universal access to information and the globalization of the medico-social network's modes of communication between doctors, laboratories, patients, and other players. The authors, specialists in public health and members of an association that aims to create opportunities for access to training in public health in developing countries, warn that the use of the term "globalization" ignores the reality of the "digital divide," that is, the fact that social inequalities may preclude the realization of this promise on a truly global scale.
A RECENT INVESTIGATION INTO THE INFLUENCES OF SOME AUSTRALIAN ASPHALT PAVEMENT SURFACES ON ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE

This paper deals with an investigation into the influences of some Australian asphalt pavement surfaces on the generation of road traffic noise. The investigation represents a recent component of an ongoing pavement surface noise research program in which both authors have been involved over several years. It focused on the roadside noise produced by a passenger vehicle travelling under controlled conditions on a set of asphaltic pavement surfaces that are typical of those adopted in the states of New South Wales and Queensland and, indeed, elsewhere throughout Australia. Results of the investigation, which are summarised in the paper, demonstrated that there is a considerable degree of variability in the acoustic attributes of the pavement surfaces studied. Interpretations and explanations of this variability are offered in the paper. Moreover, the outcomes of the investigation were compared with the acoustic attributes of sets of nominally similar and different pavement surfaces constructed in other countries and which had been previously reported in the open literature. Explanations for the similarities and differences between the acoustic attributes of the Australian and overseas asphalt pavement surfaces are also offered in the paper.
Seasonal variation of ocean bottom pressure derived from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE): Local validation and global patterns

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) processing centers at the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) and the University of Texas Center for Space Research (UTCSR) provide time series of monthly gravity field solutions covering the period since mission launch in March 2002. Although the achieved accuracy still remains an order of magnitude below the mission's baseline goal, these time series have successfully been used to study terrestrial phenomena such as water storage variations. Over the oceans, the monthly gravity field solutions can be converted into estimates of the fluctuating ocean bottom pressure (OBP), which is the sum of atmospheric and oceanic mass variations. The GRACE products may be validated against in situ OBP observations which are available from a ground truth site in the tropical northwest Atlantic Ocean. Large differences are observed between the in situ and GRACE-derived OBP which are investigated by comparing the tidal and nontidal ocean models used at GFZ and UTCSR for dealiasing short-term (<2 months) mass variations from satellite measurements. Results show that the barotropic nontidal and tide models need improvement at periods shorter than 1 day and longer than 2 weeks. On a global scale the monthly OBP fields from GRACE generally overestimate the variability compared to ocean general circulation models, especially in tropical regions. This may be attributed to continuing deficiencies in GRACE data processing. Nevertheless, there is some initial evidence that GRACE possesses the potential to observe large-scale averages of bottom pressure fluctuations.
Fractal network dimension and viscoelastic powerlaw behavior: II. An experimental study of structure-mimicking phantoms by magnetic resonance elastography

The dynamics of the complex shear modulus, G*, of soft biological tissue is governed by the rigidity and topology of multiscale mechanical networks. Multifrequency elastography can measure the frequency dependence of G* in soft biological tissue, providing information about the structure of tissue networks at multiple scales. In this study, the viscoelastic properties of structure-mimicking phantoms containing tangled paper stripes embedded in agarose gel are investigated by multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography within the dynamic range of 40–120 Hz. The effective media viscoelastic properties are analyzed in terms of the storage modulus (the real part of G*), the loss modulus (the imaginary part of G*) and the viscoelastic powerlaw given by the two-parameter springpot model. Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging is used for investigating the effect of network structures on water mobility. The following observations were made: the random paper networks with fractal dimensions between 2.481 and 2.755 had no or minor effects on the storage modulus, whereas the loss modulus was significantly increased about 2.2 kPa per fractal dimension unit (R = 0.962, P < 0.01). This structural sensitivity of the loss modulus was significantly correlated with the springpot powerlaw exponent (0.965, P < 0.01), while for the springpot elasticity modulus, a trend was discernable (0.895, P < 0.05). No effect of the paper network on water diffusion was observed. The gel phantoms with embedded paper stripes presented here are a feasible way for experimentally studying the effect of network topology on soft-tissue viscoelastic parameters. In the dynamic range of in vivo elastography, the fractal network dimension primarily correlates to the loss behavior of soft tissue as can be seen from the loss modulus or the powerlaw exponent of the springpot model. These findings represent the experimental underpinning of structure-sensitive elastography for an improved characterization of various soft-tissue diseases.
Cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs – a cross-sectional study

Background The use of medical cannabis is increasing, most commonly for pain, anxiety and depression. Emerging data suggest that use and abuse of prescription drugs may be decreasing in states where medical cannabis is legal. The aim of this study was to survey cannabis users to determine whether they had intentionally substituted cannabis for prescription drugs. Methods A total of 2,774 individuals were a self-selected convenience sample who reported having used cannabis at least once in the previous 90 days. Subjects were surveyed via an online anonymous questionnaire on cannabis substitution effects. Participants were recruited through social media and cannabis dispensaries in Washington State. Results A total of 1,248 (46%) respondents reported using cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs. The most common classes of drugs substituted were narcotics/opioids (35.8%), anxiolytics/benzodiazepines (13.6%) and antidepressants (12.7%). A total of 2,473 substitutions were reported or approximately two drug substitutions per affirmative respondent. The odds of reporting substituting were 4.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.87–5.43) greater among medical cannabis users compared with non-medical users and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.27–2.16) greater among those reporting use for managing the comorbidities of pain, anxiety and depression. A slightly higher percentage of those who reported substituting resided in states where medical cannabis was legal at the time of the survey (47% vs. 45%, p=0.58), but this difference was not statistically significant. Discussion These patient-reported outcomes support prior research that individuals are using cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly, narcotics/opioids, and independent of whether they identify themselves as medical or non-medical users. This is especially true if they suffer from pain, anxiety and depression. Additionally, this study suggests that state laws allowing access to, and use of, medical cannabis may not be influencing individual decision-making in this area.
Robust interaction of IFT70 with IFT52–IFT88 in the IFT-B complex is required for ciliogenesis

ABSTRACT In the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, the IFT-B and IFT-A complexes mediate anterograde and retrograde ciliary protein trafficking, respectively. Among the 16 subunits of the IFT-B complex, several subunits are essential for ciliogenesis, whereas others, which are associated peripherally with the complex, are dispensable for ciliogenesis but play a role in protein trafficking. IFT22-knockout (KO) cells established in this study demonstrated no defects in ciliogenesis or ciliary protein trafficking. In stark contrast, IFT70A and IFT70B double-knockout cells did not form cilia, even though IFT70 is associated peripherally with the IFT-B complex via the IFT52–IFT88 dimer, and other IFT-B subunits assembled at the ciliary base in the absence of IFT70. Exogenous expression of either IFT70A or IFT70B restored the ciliogenesis defect of IFT70-KO cells, indicating their redundant roles. IFT70 has 15 consecutive tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) followed by a short helix (α36). Deletion of the first TPR or α36 of IFT70A greatly reduced its ability to interact with the IFT52–IFT88 dimer. Exogenous expression of any of the IFT70A deletion mutants in IFT70-KO cells could not restore ciliogenesis. These results show that IFT70 plays an essential role in ciliogenesis, although it is dispensable for assembly of the residual IFT-B subunits. Summary: IFT70 is a subunit of the IFT-B complex involved in anterograde trafficking of ciliary proteins, including tubulins. IFT70-knockout cells failed to form cilia, indicating its essential role in tubulin trafficking.