Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehension Monitoring and the Error Detection Paradigm

The purpose of this study was to examine the conditions which were likely to facilitate error detection. It was hypothesized that poor readers' comprehension monitoring abilities would improve if they were given assistance in selecting the appropriate schema for understanding a passage. In order to test the hypothesis, we used a standard paradigm: the error detection task. No evidence was found to support the notion that schema activation would significantly improve poor readers' error detection abilities. However, results did indicate that, while good readers were significantly better at this task than were poor readers, a surprising number of children failed to report some very blatant errors. Although these results are in agreement with earlier studies using the same task, we felt uneasy in drawing the conclusion that sixth graders are lacking in metacognitive abilities. Instead, we have expanded the discussion to include our thoughts on the limitations and difficulties in the use of the error detection paradigm itself. Five major concerns were identified and suggestions for improving future comprehension monitoring studies were made. Some alternative methodologies were also considered.
A highly optimized flow-correlation attack

Abstract—Deciding that two network ﬂows are essentiallythe same is an important problem in intrusion detection andin tracing anonymous connections. A stepping stone or ananonymity network may try to prevent ﬂow correlation by addingchaff trafﬁc, splitting the ﬂow in several subﬂows or addingrandom delays. A well-known attack for these types of systems isactive watermarking. However, active watermarking systems canbe detected and an attacker can modify the ﬂow in such a waythat the watermark is removed and can no longer be decoded.This leads to the two basic features of our scheme: a highly-optimized algorithm that achieves very good performance and apassive analysis that is undetectable.We propose a new passive analysis technique where detection isbased on Neyman-Pearson lemma. We correlate the inter-packetdelays (IPDs) from both ﬂows. Then, we derive a modiﬁcation todeal with stronger adversary models that add chaff trafﬁc, splitthe ﬂows or add random delays. We empirically validate thedetectors with a simulator. Afterwards, we create a watermark-based version of our scheme to study the trade-off betweenperformance and detectability. Then, we compare the results withother state-of-the-art trafﬁc watermarking schemes in severalscenarios concluding that our scheme outperforms the rest.Finally, we present results using an implementation of ourmethod on live networks, showing that the conclusions can beextended to real-world scenarios.Our scheme needs only tens of packets under normal networkinterference and a few hundreds of packets when a number ofcountermeasures are taken.
Adolescent-to-Parent Abuse

Adolescent-to-parent abuse is a serious social problem that has received limited attention from researchers and service providers. Most knowledge about this type of violence in the family comes from quantitative studies that focus on intrafamilial characteristics, demographic factors, and overall rates of abuse. The aim of this article is to provide detailed qualitative descriptions of adolescent-to-parent abuse based on the combined findings of two independent Canadian studies. Information was gathered through semistructured focus groups and individual interviews with youth, parents, and service providers—all of whom were selectively recruited for their experiential knowledge on this topic. The data from both studies were analyzed through a qualitative coding strategy, and the research process was guided by a critical constructivist philosophy with a focus on nested ecological theory. Overall findings revealed a number of interacting factors that contribute to adolescent-to-parent abuse, and these occur across psychological, intrafamilial, social, and political spheres.
Are There Seminal Works in Special Education?

A persuasive argument can be made for the importance of students' being familiar with those works within a specific discipline that have had a major impact upon the field. The present study was an attempt to determine whether there are identifiable “seminal” works in the field of special education. A total of 67 persons out of a pool of 122 (55%) responded to a survey regarding their perceptions of the most influential research papers, position papers/research reviews, and books in the field. The results are discussed in terms of both the significance of the data as well as for their contribution to an understanding of the field of special education.
Population structure and patterns of geographic differentiation of Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Eastern Mediterranean Basin

Abstract The olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) is the most destructive pest of olives in most commercial olive-growing regions worldwide. Significant economic damage to olive production is caused by the larvae of this fly, which feed on the pulp of Olea fruits. Studying the genetic structure of insect pest populations is essential for the success of pest management strategies. Our primary goal in the present study was to examine the population structures of olive flies collected over a wide geographic area from Turkey, a representative of eastern Mediterranean region, using two mitochondrial DNA sequences as genetic markers. The data revealed a high level of genetic variability in olive fly populations and a moderate level of genetic differentiation between Mediterranean and Aegean populations in Turkey. We also merged the sequences obtained in the present study with previously published sequences from across the world into the data matrix. Strong population substructure and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances were detected in northern Mediterranean basin populations of B. oleae, indicating the possibility of a westward expansion of the species in the continent. In addition, our results revealed a very close genetic relationship between the Aegean and Iranian populations, which suggests that B. oleae was introduced to Iran from western parts of Turkey. However, additional markers and analytical approaches are required to determine the exact colonization route of olive fly.
Employees’ intentions to retire early : A case of planned behavior and anticipated work conditions

This study investigated the early retirement intentions of 346 older Dutch employees by extending the theory of planned behavior with anticipated work conditions. The results showed that employees who felt a pressure from their spouse to retire early had a strong intention to leave the work force before the official retirement age, that is 65. Also, employees' retirement attitude and perceived control over the retirement decision were related to early retirement intentions. Finally, the results indicated that employees might postpone early retirement when they anticipate working in a challenging and rewarding work environment. Together, our findings suggest a number of ways in which organizations can affect employees' early retirement decision making.
Teacher Efficacy Ratings by African American and European American Preservice Teachers at a Historically Black University

The purpose of this study was to examine factor structures of a modified form of Gibson and Dembo’s Teacher Efficacy Scale with a combined total of 123 African American and European American preservice teachers at a historically Black university, test for differences between participants on teacher efficacy, and examine relationships among participant characteristics. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation yielded three factors—ability, effort, and environment— with alpha coefficients of . 80, . 77, . 70, and . 76 for the total scale. African American participants scored statistically significantly higher than European American participants on the environment factor (t = 2.3,p = .02), but not for ability (t = 1.59,p = .11) or effort (t = –.86,p = .39). Recommendations for further research were also made.
On sparse controllability of graph signals

Controlling the behavior of a signal defined over a graph by acting on a limited set of nodes is a problem that finds application in many fields. In this paper, we merge recently developed tools in graph signal processing with control theory of complex networks and consider the reconstruction of bandlimited graph signals from their samples through a diffusion process properly driven by a subset of control nodes. Then, we propose an optimization algorithm aimed at minimizing the control energy incorporating a regularization term whose goal is to promote sparsity across time and nodes jointly.
Social Comparison Choices of Mainstreamed Academically Handicapped Children

Eleven academically handicapped and 18 nonhandicapped members of a fourth-grade class participated in a six-week study designed to investigate the social comparison behavior of mainstreamed students. An auditing procedure was used that allowed students to audit their own performance and that of all classmates on daily arithmetic assignments. Auditing was done on a computer terminal which was installed in the classroom; the computer kept a daily record of auditing choices. Under the assumption that classmate auditing was an act of social comparison, computer records were analyzed to determine whether handicapped children made comparisons as often as nonhandicapped peers and whether or not they chose to compare with classmates similar to themselves. Results indicated that the handicapped students on the average audited classmates more often than nonhandicapped peers; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Close examination of auditing choices indicated that handicapped students did not prefer to compare with other handicapped classmates nor with classmates who performed similarly. Handicapped students who ranked lowest on the comparison measure clearly preferred to compare with high-ranked classmates. The results are compared with results of a previous investigation, and their implications for mainstreaming and the study of social comparison among children are discussed. Major assumptions and limitations of the study methods are also critically examined.
Classroom Intrinsic Motivation: Effects of Scholastic Level, Teacher Orientation, and Gender

AbstractThis field study investigated the effect of three factors-scholastic level, teacher orientation on a control autonomy continuum, and pupil gender-on primary school children’s intrinsic motivation to engage in schoolwork. The 459 pupils involved completed a self-report questionnaire with a structured alternative format. Results showed that a teacher orientation toward autonomy enhanced the intrinsic motivation of girls on two out of the three motivation dimensions assessed, and that of boys on one dimension. Girls were more intrinsic than boys in terms of classroom curiosity, and pupils in the highest class tended to be less intrinsically motivated than younger children.
The penguin’s window: Corporate brands from an open-source perspective

The open source (OS) movement allows us to re-vision corporate branding from a corporate to a coproducer perspective. Corporations own their brands and unilaterally determine their positioning and evolution. Power and control are centralized and hierarchical: producers produce brands, which customers then consume. With OS, power and control are radically decentralized and hierarchical: producers and consumers coalesce into “prosumers. ” The authors introduce marketers to the OS phenomenon and develop a typology of brand aspects that can be “open” or “closed”: physical, textual, meaning, and experience. The authors elaborate new dimensions for brands and revisit the functions that brands perform and link these to the evolutionary trajectory of branding, arguing that OS represents a final phase in the evolution of corporate brands from closed to open brands. The article concludes with a research agenda.
Implementing Education for Sustainable Development in schools: learning from teachers’ reflections

In recent years, in the UK, there has been a significant focus on research in Education for Sustainable Development/Global Citizenship Education (ESD/GCE) in initial teacher education and on projects and initiatives used with pupils in schools. However, there has been less specific focus on the ‘voices’ of teachers who have undertaken such projects: the documentation of their perceptions of effective pedagogy for the development of their pupils’ learning and, importantly, the development of their own concepts and values in relation to sustainability education as a result of implementing ESD/GCE-related topics. This paper aims to provide data from this relatively under-reported area. It examines what the teachers learned about effective pedagogy from undertaking a systematic study of their own practice in ESD/GCE-based topics, and it highlights the development of their own understanding of, and values about the place of ESD/GCE in the curriculum. The paper presents an analysis of the reflective journals kept by 10 teachers during the planning and implementation of ESD/GCE projects within their own classrooms. Findings emerging from the study were that critical reflection on their work gave the teachers the confidence to adopt the more learner-centred pedagogy of ESD/GCE, and that teachers, too, were able to benefit from the participation in ESD/GCE activities.
Combining Coauthorship Network and Content for Literature Recommendation

This paper studies literature recommendation approaches using both content features and coauthorship relations of articles in literature databases. Most literature databases allow data access (via site subscription) without having to identify users, and thus task-focused recommendation is more appropriate in this context. Previous work mostly utilizes content and usage log for making taskfocused recommendation. More recent works start to incorporate coauthorship network for recommendation and found it beneficial when the specified articles preferred by authors are similar in their content. However, it was also found that recommendation based on content features achieves better performance under other circumstances. Therefore, in this work we propose to incorporate both content and coauthorship network in making task-focused recommendation. Three hybrid methods, namely switching, proportional, and fusion are developed and compared. Our experimental results show that in general the proposed hybrid approach achieves better performance than approaches that utilize only one source of knowledge. In particular, the fusion method tends to have higher recommendation accuracy for articles of higher ranks. Besides, the content-based approach is more likely to recommend articles of low fidelity, whereas the coauthorship network-based approach has the least chance.
Hispanics

Hispanic students are a growing and pervasive population within higher education. This position paper examines population characteristics and educational patterns of Hispanic students that underscore failures of the higher education system in serving these students, in addition to institutional issues and cultural values that further complicate their college experience. These trends warrant attention from institutions toward policy changes and program initiatives to better serve Hispanic students.
Dual-task effects in working memory: Interference between two processing tasks, between two memory demands, and between storage and processing

Two experiments with a working-memory updating task investigated dual-task interference between short-term storage of numerical and spatial material, between execution of a numerical and a spatial updating operation, and between storage and processing. Participants memorised a set of digits and a set of spatial positions, updated elements of both sets by a sequence of operations, and then recalled the final values. In Experiment 1, a single element in each memory set had to be updated several times. There was little interference between storage of the two sets, and between storage and processing, but parallel execution of the two operations was not possible. In Experiment 2, all elements in both memory sets were updated in random order. There was substantial interference between memory for the numerical and the spatial sets, and between storage and processing. Parallel execution of two operations was again not possible. Moreover, trying to do two operations simultaneously resulted in impaired memory of fi.
Prox-Method with Rate of Convergence O(1/t) for Variational Inequalities with Lipschitz Continuous Monotone Operators and Smooth Convex-Concave Saddle Point Problems

We propose a prox-type method with efficiency estimate $O(\epsilon^{-1})$ for approximating saddle points of convex-concave C$^{1,1}$ functions and solutions of variational inequalities with monotone Lipschitz continuous operators. Application examples include matrix games, eigenvalue minimization, and computing the Lovasz capacity number of a graph, and these are illustrated by numerical experiments with large-scale matrix games and Lovasz capacity problems.
Maternal Perceptions of Self-Efficacy and Involvement in the Auditory Development of Young Children with Prelingual Deafness

Maternal ratings of self-efficacy and involvement in early intervention were compared across two groups of mothers with young children with prelingual deafness: 24 mothers of children with hearing aids and 30 mothers of children with a cochlear implant. Although mothers of children with cochlear implants rated their child's early intervention program lower in quality, they perceived themselves as more efficacious in the care and maintenance of their child's sensory device and their involvement in developing their child's speech-language skills. Mothers of children with hearing aids had lower self-ratings of self-efficacy related to their child's sensory device and involvement in their child's early intervention program. Implications for early interventionists are discussed.
The Social Construction of Leadership: A Sailing Guide

A growing body of literature now exists concerning the social construction of leadership. This literature draws on a variety of definitions of social constructionism, multiple constructs, and an array of perspectives, approaches, and methods. To identify and understand the differences among them, this article provides a sailing guide, comprising four key dimensions, to the social construction of leadership. It applies the guide to the social constructionist leadership literature, including the articles in this special issue. It then discusses how the guide can act as a reflexive tool when various choice points are revealed and a means by which to chart future paths for social constructionist leadership research.
Contribution to Determination of Domain of Attraction in Power Systems: Application to Drives with Input Filter

The objective of this paper is to present an analytical method allowing large signal stability analysis of an electric system constituted by a DC power supply and its output filter connected to a constant power load. Here, the load is realized by a voltage source inverter – motor – mechanical load actuator system. We suppose that proper controllers are used to drive the actuator. Then, a large signal stability analysis is given for studying the dc-link voltage behavior under large unknown disturbances. This study is based on the Takagi-Sugeno theorem which generates a Lyapunov function allowing the determination of a domain of attraction for a given operating point. This approach may be applied either to estimate robustness properties of a controlled drive system or to be used as a design tool for the dc-link capacitance value. Simulations and experimentations confirm the validity of the proposed approach. Keywords-Nonlinear systems, ac drives, dc-link capacitance, stability, robustness.
Infections and atherosclerosis: new clues from an old hypothesis?

The inability of "traditional" risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and smoking to completely explain the incidence and trends in cardiovascular diseases has resulted in repeated calls for a search for "new risk factors" (1, 2). Recently, infections have been placed among these new putative risk factors (3-16). This commentary reviews the historical antecedents of the infectious hypothesis, which is actually one of the oldest etiologic theories of atherosclerosis. Because inflammation may mediate the putative atherogenic role of infections (8, 10, 13-15), the historical antecedents that have discussed a possible role of inflammation in atherogenesis are also briefly reviewed. This review demonstrates that inflammation and infection were considered as possibly atherogenic more than a century ago. However, these hypotheses were all but completely abandoned early in the present century, coinciding with a shift in paradigms in the pathogenetic theories of atherogenesis, i.e., with the development of the multifactorial model of causation of chronic ("non-infectious") diseases (17, 18). Striking resemblances are apparent between current research on the putative atherogenic role of infections and research on the topic that was conducted up to one century ago. The synthesis of past and current evidence reviewed here suggests the following hypotheses and clues for future studies: 1) that the study of a possible atherogenic role of infections should be extended to infectious agents other than the three that have been the focus of research in recent years (herpesvirus—mainly cytomegalovirus (CMV), Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Helicobacter pylori) (6, 7); 2) that the introduction of antibiotic therapies in the 1940s and 1950s may have contributed to the decline in coronary heart disease incidence and mortality ob-
The Importance of Health in Promoting Employability in the East Midlands

This paper analyses the relationship between health and employability in the context of the East Midlands, a high employment region with a history of manufacturing and coal mining, though both sectors’ importance has declined due to considerable industrial restructuring. It is argued that the health of the unemployed and economically inactive cannot be considered without an understanding of such contextual factors. Gender, age, the socio-economic context and other external factors are key to the complex relationship between health and employability. Within a broad framework of employability, health is not merely a personal characteristic. The paper argues for more qualitative research into employability and health to establish what factors influence the relationship.