Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managed Hearts and Wallets: Ethical Issues in Emotional Influence By and Within Organizations

ABSTRACT: Increasing research attention to the ways that firms seek to influence the emotions of employees, consumers, and other stakeholders has not been accompanied by systematic attention to the ethical dimensions of emotion management. In this article we review and discuss research that informs the morality of influencing and regulating the emotions of others. What are the moral limits of the use of emotion as a management tool for shaping workplace behavior and influencing the thoughts and actions of consumers? Do the ethics of emotional labor and emotional appeals (e.g., in consumer advertising) depart from moral rules that apply in “non-emotional” contexts? To explore these questions we examine research on the means by which individuals’ emotions are shaped and on the organizationally relevant consequences of individual emotional experience. We then discuss a number of potential ethical issues that are implicit or explicit in the organizationally sanctioned use of emotion management, incorporating existing literature in management and business ethics that has addressed the moral obligations of organizations in this context, and highlighting areas where there is yet work to be done. We conclude by discussing the implications of our analysis.
Probabilistic sensorimotor processing: Overcoming uncertainty and ambiguity to improve behavior

First I would like to thank my thesis committee members, Al Yonas and Sheng He, for helpful discussions, thoughts, and criticism. Institute in Tuebingen, who funded my visit to their lab and gave me a great opportunity to conduct the " size-change perception " experiment in this thesis. Erik Schlicht allowed me to try out ideas on him and refined my thinking in many ways. He is a true friend and excellent scientist. Robert Jacobs first introduced computational perception to me, deeply motivated my interest in the field, is largely responsible for inspiring me to pursue a doctoral degree, and believed in me more than I believed in myself. Daniel Kersten's wisdom and insight have touched every idea about perception and action I have considered in this thesis. He is a scientist's scientist, whose logical rigor and balance of experimental and theoretical intuition are unparalleled. He was extremely generous with his time and energy, and provided innumerable contributions to my work. Paul Schrater taught me more than I thought learnable, his creativity and brilliance have driven me to embrace ideas I would never have considered. His passion shaped my interests and I will forever value the deep commitment he made to training me as a scientist and the indelible mark he left on my consciousness in general. I owe him a tremendous debt of gratitude. My parents have been the ultimate source of my motivation and drive. I respect every decision they made for me, despite often disapproving at the time. By invariably doing what is right, instead of what is easy, they taught me the most important lesson I have ever learned: the deepest source of reward is through hard work. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my grandparents, my parents, and Stefani. iii Abstract Perception and action are critical functions for most animals' survivals, but to achieve high performance each must overcome uncertainty and ambiguity, both in perceiving the world and planning and executing actions. The following work examines how human behavior minimizes the negative consequences of uncertainty and ambiguity to improve performance in perceptually-guided tasks. 1) An object's size and distance each influence the angular size of its visual image, rendering distance estimation based on angular size alone an ambiguous task. But, an " auxiliary " sensory measurement of the object's size can disambiguate the distance. We ran a psychophysical experiment to test whether humans use …
Induction of apoptosis by the Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 occurs independently of G(2) arrest of the cell cycle.

The HIV-1 accessory gene product Vpr can inhibit cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at the G(2) phase, and it can induce apoptosis after G(2) arrest. We found recently that C81, a carboxy-terminally truncated form of Vpr, induced apoptosis via G(1) arrest but did not induce G(2) arrest of the cell cycle. Thus, it seemed possible that expression of Vpr in cells might cause apoptosis independently of the ability of Vpr to induce G(2) arrest. We demonstrate here that Vpr-induced apoptosis occurs by a mechanism that does not necessarily require induction of G(2) arrest. First, it was found that the extent of apoptosis reached a maximum even when few cells were arrested at the G(2) phase of the cell cycle and was reduced in inverse proportion to the increased induction of G(2) arrest. Thus, the extent of induction of G(2) arrest was not correlated with the extent of Vpr-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we replaced the Ile/Leu residues in the leucine zipper-like domain of Vpr with Ala or Pro and used cells that expressed the mutant protein to demonstrate that Vpr caused apoptosis in a manner that was independent of G(2) arrest. Finally, replacement of Ile/Leu by Pro at positions 60, 67, 74, and 81 within the leucine zipper-like domain of wild-type Vpr and C81 revealed that the Ile/Leu residues at positions 60, 67, and 74 in the leucine zipper-like domain were indispensable for induction of apoptosis induced by Vpr and by C81 and confirmed, in addition, that both processes might be regulated by the same pathway. C81 appears to be a useful tool for elucidation of the mechanism of apoptosis induced by expression of Vpr protein.
Proteome analysis of Rickettsia felis highlights the expression profile of intracellular bacteria

The proteome of Rickettsia felis, an obligate intracellular bacterium responsible for spotted fever, was analyzed using two complementary proteomic approaches: 2‐DE coupled with MALDI‐TOF, and SDS‐PAGE with nanoLC‐MS/MS. This strategy allowed identification of 165 proteins and helped to answer some questions raised by the genome sequence of this bacterium. We successfully identified potential virulence factors including two putative adhesins, four proteins of the type IV secretion system, four Sca autotransporters, four components of ABC transporters, some R. felis‐specific proteins, and one antitoxin of the toxin‐antitoxin system. Notably, the antitoxin was the first to be identified in intracellular bacteria. Only one protein containing rickettsia palindromic repeats was found, whereas none of the split genes, transposases, or tetratricopeptide/ankyrin repeats were detectably expressed. Comparison of the protein expression profiles of R. felis and 23 other bacterial species according to functional categories showed that intracellular bacteria express more proteins related to translation, especially ribosomal proteins. However, the remaining bacteria express more proteins related to energy production and carbohydrate/amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, this study reveals R. felis virulence factor expression and highlights the unique protein expression profile of intracellular bacteria.
Deterrent Effects of the Police on Crime: A Replication and Theoretical Extension

This study replicates and then extends Wilson and Boland's (1978) theory of the deterrent effect of policing on crime rates in American cities by linking it to recent thinking on control of urban disorder and incivilities (Sherman, 1986; Skogan and Maxfield, 1981). The theory posits that police departments with a legalistic style tend to generate policies of proactive patrol (e.g., high traffic citation rate and frequent stops of suspicious or disorderly persons), which in turn may decrease crime rates either (1) indirectly, by increasing the probability of arrest, or (2) directly, by decreasing the crime rate through a deterrent effect regarding perceived threat of social control. We test both these propositions in an examination of robbery rates in 171 American cities in 1980. Overall, the major results suggest that proactive policing has direct inverse effects on aggregate robbery rates, independent of known determinants of crime (e.g., poverty, inequality, region, and family disruption). Moreover, when we demographically disaggregate the robbery rate the direct inverse effect of aggressive policing on robbery is largest for adult offenders and black offenders. We examine the reasons for these findings and discuss their theoretical and policy implications.
Modern Health Worries, Health Care Utilization, and Symptom Reporting: A Cross-cultural Comparison

Perception of risk to personal health from features of modern life and technology is increasing across the globe. We investigated whether these concerns exist in the Turkish setting in the same degree and whether symptom reports mediate the relationship between modern health worries (MHWs) and health care utilization in the UK and Turkish settings. A total of 506 University of St Andrews students and a total of 424 Turkish university students in Istanbul Bilgi University participated in the study. The factor structure of the MHW scale was similar in both samples and previous literature with the addition of a new factor, “ingested toxins. ” Turkish sample had higher scores on all items compared to the UK sample. We also tested a moderated mediational hypothesis in both samples which showed that subjective health complaints mediated the relationship between MHWs and health care utilization in both samples.
Nitric oxide for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications.

BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder of pregnancy characterised by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide mediates many functions of the endothelium, including vasodilatation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Pre-eclampsia may be associated with nitric oxide deficiency, but the evidence to support this suggestion is contradictory. Nevertheless, it has been hypothesised that agents which increase nitric oxide may prevent pre-eclampsia. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of nitric oxide donors and precursors for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (November 2006), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 3), and EMBASE (2002 to December 2004). SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were included if they were randomised trials evaluating nitric oxide donors or precursors for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Both review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion. Data were extracted and double checked for accuracy. MAIN RESULTS Six trials (310 women) were included. Four were of good quality and two were of uncertain quality. Four trials (170 women) compared nitric oxide donors (glyceryl trinitrate) or precursors (L-arginine) with either placebo or no intervention. There are insufficient data for reliable conclusions about the effects on pre-eclampsia (four trials, 170 women; relative risk (RR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49 to 1.41) or its complications. One trial (36 women) compared a nitric oxide donor with nifedipine, and another (76 women) compared it with antiplatelet agents. Both were too small for reliable conclusions about possible differential effects. Glyceryl trinitrate was associated with an increased risk of headache (two trials, 56 women; RR 6.85, 95% CI 1.42 to 33.04), and of stopping treatment (two trials, 56 women; RR 4.02, 95% CI 1.15 to 14.09) compared to placebo. However, the increase for both outcomes was due to an extreme result in one small trial (7/7 versus 0/9 for both outcomes). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to draw reliable conclusions about whether nitric oxide donors and precursors prevent pre-eclampsia or its complications.
A Gibbs sampling method to detect over-represented motifs in the upstream regions of co-expressed genes

Microarray experiments can reveal useful information on the transcriptional regulation. We try to find regulatory elements in the region upstream of translation start of coexpressed genes. Here we present a modification to the original Gibbs Sampling algorithm [12]. We introduce a probability distribution to estimate the number of copies of the motif in a sequence. The second modification is the incorporation of a higher-order background model. We have successfully tested our algorithm on several data sets. First we show results on two selected data set: sequences from plants containing the G-box motif and the upstream sequences from bacterial genes regulated by O2-responsive protein FNR. In both cases the motif sampler is able to find the expected motifs. Finally, the sampler is tested on 4 clusters of coexpressed genes from a wounding experiment in Arabidopsis thaliana. We find several putative motifs that are related to the pathways involved in the plant defense mechanism.
The Role of Positive Self-Evaluation on Cross-Cultural Differences in Well-Being

Past studies have shown that North Americans have higher well-being compared with East Asians. Objective living conditions (e.g., wealth, education, personal and political freedom) have been found to substantially contribute to North Americans’ higher well-being. One other possible explanation is that North American culture fosters positive evaluations of the self to enhance self-esteem and to feel positive emotions, which may lead North Americans to provide favorable ratings. These cultural differences in positive self-evaluations are, thus, expected to contribute to differences in well-being. To test this hypothesis, the current study compared well-being across two countries, the United States and China. Participants from the two countries (N = 271) reported on their life satisfaction and Big Five personality, which was used to indirectly measure their positive self-evaluation tendencies. We found cross-cultural differences with European Americans showing higher well-being and positively biased view of the self compared with Hong Kong Chinese. Importantly, cultural differences in positive evaluative bias mediated cross-cultural differences in well-being. The present study provides further support for the generalizability of cross-cultural differences in self-evaluation, and their influence on well-being.
The Political Manipulation of Macroeconomic Policy

Conventional wisdom and some research indicate that macroeconomic policies follow cycles corresponding to political, as well as economic, forces. Using vector autoregression analysis, I test three models of monetary policy determination for the United States, 1953–1984: the electoral cycle model (that reelection motivations on the part of presidents create a policy cycle), the party differences model (that policy changes reflect revolving presidential party administrations), and the referendum model (that changes in presidential approval create, in effect, a continuing referendum, allowing presidents to monitor their success and change macroeconomic policies when necessary). Analysis shows that monetary policies, as measured by the monetary base and short-term interest rates, respond to the election cycle and presidential approval (although the effect on macroeconomic outcomes is ambiguous). Party differences are found in real income but are not very significant in other variables.
Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

PURPOSE Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, a rapidly progressing malignancy with a median survival time of 6 to 9 months, have previously responded poorly to chemotherapy. We conducted a phase III trial to determine whether treatment with pemetrexed and cisplatin results in survival time superior to that achieved with cisplatin alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Chemotherapy-naive patients who were not eligible for curative surgery were randomly assigned to receive pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1, or cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1. Both regimens were given intravenously every 21 days. RESULTS A total of 456 patients were assigned: 226 received pemetrexed and cisplatin, 222 received cisplatin alone, and eight never received therapy. Median survival time in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm was 12.1 months versus 9.3 months in the control arm (P =.020, two-sided log-rank test). The hazard ratio for death of patients in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm versus those in the control arm was 0.77. Median time to progression was significantly longer in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm: 5.7 months versus 3.9 months (P =.001). Response rates were 41.3% in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm versus 16.7% in the control arm (P <.0001). After 117 patients had enrolled, folic acid and vitamin B12 were added to reduce toxicity, resulting in a significant reduction in toxicities in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm. CONCLUSION Treatment with pemetrexed plus cisplatin and vitamin supplementation resulted in superior survival time, time to progression, and response rates compared with treatment with cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Addition of folic acid and vitamin B12 significantly reduced toxicity without adversely affecting survival time.
Long-Term Outcomes of Distal Femoral Extension Osteotomy and Patellar Tendon Advancement in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy

Background: We examined long-term outcomes across the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for 2 groups of participants with cerebral palsy who demonstrated crouch gait at clinical gait analysis. One group underwent a distal femoral extension osteotomy with patellar tendon advancement (DFEO + PTA). The other group received other treatments (non-DFEO + PTA). Methods: Fifty-one participants returned for a long-term gait analysis, physical examination, energy consumption test, knee radiographs, and questionnaires (median, 13 years post-DFEO + PTA or post-baseline [range, 8 to 21 years]). A subset of participants in the DFEO + PTA group also had a short-term analysis (9 to 24 months postoperatively). Results: Participants were reasonably well-matched at baseline, although the DFEO + PTA group demonstrated greater crouch: minimum knee flexion, a median of 37° (width of the interquartile range, 12°) compared with 27° (9°); and knee flexion contracture, a median of 15° (10°) compared with 10° (5°). The gait deviation index (GDI) and sagittal plane knee kinematics were most improved at short term for the DFEO + PTA participants, with a subsequent slight decline at long-term analysis. Fewer DFEO + PTA participants were in crouch at long term (37% compared with 65%). At the long-term assessment, group scores for function, mobility, participation, quality of life, and most pain questionnaires were similar. Knee pain and osteoarthritis ratings did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: At long-term analysis, DFEO + PTA improves stance phase knee extension and knee flexion contracture compared with conventional treatment, but these benefits do not translate to improved activity, participation, or knee pain in early adulthood. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Blood factor in acute disseminated lupus erythematosus.

THE BLOOD of patients with acute disseminated lupus erythematosus has been found to contain a factor which can be detected by adding the whole plasma of these patients to preparations of human or dog bone marrow. This presentation is concerned with the detection of the "L. E. factor," with its disappearance during complete remissions of the disease and with its identification or association with the gamma globulin fraction of the plasma. Study of the bone marrow was introduced as an investigative field in acute disseminated lupus erythematosus by work originally done at the special hematology laboratory of the Mayo Clinic. Richmond1detected a phenomenon of phagocytosis in the bone marrow of a man who was extremely ill with an undetermined disease. Characteristic of this phenomenon was the cell, which she called the "tart cell. " This cell is a polymorphonuclear leukocyte which contains a small inclusion. Hargraves
An Adaptive All-odd transformation Watermark Scheme

Combining discrete wavelet transform, human visual system, chaotic map and odd-even quantization, a novel watermarking scheme for 2D images is proposed in this paper. Encrypted watermarking and identity information are imperceptibly embedded in 2D images according to this scheme. For improving the accuracy of just noticeable distortion and enhance robustness of algorithm, the model adaptively adjusts the threshold intensity by adding weighting factor and strengthening the brightness sensitivity calculation method of just noticeable distortion. The bijection relationship is constructed between the image coefficients and watermarking bits by the way of all-odd transformation to the just noticeable distortion, so the scheme realizes blind extraction of watermark. The experimental results and analysis show that the proposed scheme can resist intentional or unintentional variety of attacks and have superiority comparing with existing schemes. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i5. 4228
Cetuximab plus irinotecan in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients: the ELSIE study.

AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients from South-East Asia and Australia. METHODS In this open-label, phase II study, the main eligibility criteria were epidermal growth factor receptor-positive mCRC with progressive disease within 3 mo of an irinotecan-based regimen as the most recent chemotherapy. Patients received cetuximab 400 mg/m2 initially, then 250 mg/m2 every week, with the same regimen of irinotecan on which the patients had progressed (4 pre-defined regimens allowed). The primary objective was evaluation of progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 wk. Secondary objectives included a further investigation of PFS, and an assessment of the overall response rate (ORR), duration of response, time to treatment failure (TTF), overall survival and the safety profile. RESULTS One hundred and twenty nine patients were enrolled from 25 centers in the Asia-Pacific region and of these 123 received cetuximab plus irinotecan. The most common recent irinotecan regimen used was 180 mg/m2 every 2 wk which had been used in 93 patients (75.6%). The PFS rate at 12 wk was 50% (95% confidence interval (CI, 41-59) and median PFS time was 12.1 wk (95% CI: 9.7-17.7). The ORR was 13.8% (95% CI: 8.3-21.2) and disease control rate was 49.6% (95% CI: 40.5-58.8). Median duration of response was 31.1 wk (95% CI: 18.0-42.6) and median overall survival was 9.5 mo (95% CI, 7.5-11.7). The median TTF was 11.7 wk (95% CI: 9.1-17.4). Treatment was generally well tolerated. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea (13.8%), neutropenia (8.9%), rash (5.7%) and vomiting (5.7%). CONCLUSION In patients from Asia and Australia, this study confirms the activity and safety of cetuximab plus irinotecan observed in previous studies in Europe and South America.