Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(-)-Trans-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Like Discriminative-Stimulus Effects of Gabapentin in Cannabis Users.

A recent study by Dr. Joshua Lile and his colleagues demonstrated the capability of gabapentin to produce marijuana-like effects in humans. The finding is unexpected since the primary binding site of gabapentin is not thought to be any of the cannabinoid receptor subtypes. Gabapentin (Neurontin®) (Figure 1) is an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain and several cases of its off-label use are also known. Several case reports have indicated gabapentin misuse/abuse [1-4] but the in vivo pharmacology and abuse potential of gabapentin have not yet been directly characterized. Thus, there is a clear need to characterize the in vivo pharmacology of gabapentin including its abuse potential.
Carpal tunnel syndrome and computer exposure at work in two large complementary cohorts

Objectives The boom in computer use and concurrent high rates in musculoskeletal complaints and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among users have led to a controversy about a possible link. Most studies have used cross-sectional designs and shown no association. The present study used longitudinal data from two large complementary cohorts to evaluate a possible relationship between CTS and the performance of computer work. Settings and participants The Cosali cohort is a representative sample of a French working population that evaluated CTS using standardised clinical examinations and assessed self-reported computer use. The PrediCTS cohort study enrolled newly hired clerical, service and construction workers in several industries in the USA, evaluated CTS using symptoms and nerve conduction studies (NCS), and estimated exposures to computer work using a job exposure matrix. Primary and secondary outcome measures During a follow-up of 3–5 years, the association between new cases of CTS and computer work was calculated using logistic regression models adjusting for sex, age, obesity and relevant associated disorders. Results In the Cosali study, 1551 workers (41.8%) completed follow-up physical examinations; 36 (2.3%) participants were diagnosed with CTS. In the PrediCTS study, 711 workers (64.2%) completed follow-up evaluations, whereas 31 (4.3%) had new cases of CTS. The adjusted OR for the group with the highest exposure to computer use was 0.39 (0.17; 0.89) in the Cosali cohort and 0.16 (0.05; 0.59) in the PrediCTS cohort. Conclusions Data from two large cohorts in two different countries showed no association between computer work and new cases of CTS among workers in diverse jobs with varying job exposures. CTS is far more common among workers in non-computer related jobs; prevention efforts and work-related compensation programmes should focus on workers performing forceful hand exertion.
A novel image deblurring method based on high-order MRF prior

A novel image deblurring method based on high-order non-local range Markov Random Field (NLR-MRF) prior is proposed in the paper. NLR-MRF is an effective statistical framework to model prior knowledge of natural images which leads to excellent performance in some low-level vision problems. In our work, the framework is extended to image deblurring. To overcome some limitations of maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimation, we adopt Bayesian minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation to perform deblurring. The high-order NLR-MRF prior can be easily integrated into this framework. Then, an efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm is employed to compute MMSE estimation. The proposed method frees the user from determining regularization parameter beforehand, which relies on unknown noise level. Our deblurring method shows superior or comparable results to the state-of-art deblurring methods.
A mountain too high to climb? An exploratory study of perceived barriers to mobilisation of research literature into physical education teacher education experienced by a group of Danish PE teacher educators

ABSTRACT International research emphasises that Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) has a key role to play in initiating and processing changes in Physical Education (PE). However, several researchers also find that it is a significant challenge for PETE to contest ideological approaches regarding PE practices among PE student teachers. Stronger relationships between research and educational practice and more deliberate mobilisation of research into teacher education may help address such educational issues. The main agents in that regard are teacher educators who are supposed to have the competencies to mobilise research literature into PETE. However, in Denmark, only 10% of Danish teacher educators hold a research-based PhD. The main aim of this article is to make the first steps towards more knowledge in this area by presenting an exploratory study of perceived barriers to mobilising research literature into PETE as experienced by a group of Danish PE teacher educators. The paper is based on empirical data generated through a course developed to qualify PE teacher educators’ competencies in the use of research literature: papers, discussion-notes and interviews. Four main categories were generated: (1) ‘We’re competing on time’, (2) ‘A separate approach’, (3) ‘It has to add value’ and (4) ‘Hard to make it that academic’. The discussion addresses some general focus points for supporting the application of research in teacher education and suggest directions for future research.
The Constrained Misspecified Cramér–Rao Bound

The aim of this letter is to provide a constrained version of the misspecified Cramér-Rao bound (MCRB). Specifically, the MCRB is a lower bound on the error covariance matrix of any unbiased (in a proper sense) estimator of a deterministic parameter vector under misspecified models, i.e., when the true and the assumed data distributions are different. Here, we aim at finding an expression of the MCRB for estimation problems involving continuously differentiable equality constraints. Our proof generalizes the derivation of the classical constrained CRB (CCRB) by showing that the constrained MCRB (CMCRB) can be obtained by exploiting the building blocks of its unconstrained counterpart and a basis of the null space of the constraint's Jacobian matrix. The conditions for the existence of the CMCRB are also discussed.
The geometry of flocking

The convergence time for flocking in the Vicsek-Cucker-Smale model is known to be bounded by a tower-of-twos of height linear in the number of birds. We improve the height to logarithmic, which matches the known lower bound. In the process, we introduce an intriguing geometric object, the "flight net", and develop the idea of a "virtual agent. " These two concepts give us insight into early flocking behavior, which is still the most mysterious aspect of these dynamical systems.
The complete pattern of ocular dominance stripes in the striate cortex and visual field of the macaque monkey

Ocular dominance stripes in the striate cortex of a macaque monkey were labeled by autoradiography after injection of [3H]proline into one eye. The stripes were reconstructed on a representation of the flattened cortical surface by two independent techniques: one used computer graphics, and the other was the manual unfolding procedure of Van Essen and Maunsell (VanEssen, D. C., and J. H. R. Maunsell (1980) J. Comp. Neurol. 191: 255–281). The two reconstructions differed in many details of the pattern but were in agreement on its general features. As described in earlier studies, the stripes formed a system of parallel bands, with numerous branches and islands. They were roughly orthogonal to the V1/V2 border throughout the binocular segment of the cortex. In the lateral part of the operculum, where the fovea is represented, the stripes were less orderly than elsewhere. In the calcarine fissure the stripes ran directly across the striate cortex from its dorsal to its ventral margin. In the far periphery the stripes for the ipsilateral eye became progressively narrower, eventually fragmenting into small islands at the edge of the monocular segment. The overall periodicity (width of a left- plus right-eye pair of stripes) averaged 0.88 mm but decreased by a factor of about 2 from center to periphery. This decrease was not accounted for solely by shrinkage of the ipsilateral eye stripes. The flattened cortical reconstruction was transformed back into visual field coordinates, using information about visual field topography obtained from the detailed mapping study of Van Essen et al. (Van Essen, D.C., W.T. Newsome, and J.H.R. Maunsell (1984) Vision Res. 24: 429–448), as well as from more limited mapping done in the same monkey that was used for the reconstruction. In the transformed map, the stripes increased in width about 40-fold from the fovea to the far periphery. As deduced previously (LeVay, S., D. H. Hubel, and T. N. Wiesel (1975) J. Comp. Neurol. 159: 559–576; Hubel, D. H. , and D. C. , Freeman (1977) Brain Res. 122: 336–343), there were portions of the map in which the stripes followed curves approximating isoeccentricity lines, but this relationship was not very exact or consistent. The pattern of stripes appears to be more meaningfully related to the geometry of the cortical surface. This has significant implications for understanding the developmental mechanisms involved in stripe formation.
Support for the initial attachment, growth and differentiation of MG-63 cells: a comparison between nano-size hydroxyapatite and micro-size hydroxyapatite in composites

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is considered to be a bioactive material that favorably influences the adhesion, growth, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. To optimize the cell response on the hydroxyapatite composite, it is desirable to assess the optimum concentration and also the optimum particle size. The aim of our study was to prepare composite materials made of polydimethylsiloxane, polyamide, and nano-sized (N) or micro-sized (M) HA, with an HA content of 0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% (v/v) (referred to as N0–N25 or M0–M25), and to evaluate them in vitro in cultures with human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. For clinical applications, fast osseointegration of the implant into the bone is essential. We observed the greatest initial cell adhesion on composites M10 and N5. Nano-sized HA supported cell growth, especially during the first 3 days of culture. On composites with micro-size HA (2%–15%), MG-63 cells reached the highest densities on day 7. Samples M20 and M25, however, were toxic for MG-63 cells, although these composites supported the production of osteocalcin in these cells. On N2, a higher concentration of osteopontin was found in MG-63 cells. For biomedical applications, the concentration range of 5%–15% (v/v) nano-size or micro-size HA seems to be optimum.
The Effects of Subsidies in a Research-Driven Endogenous Growth Model

This paper focuses on the allocation and growth effects of different types of subsidies aimed at rectifying the two distortions that occur in research-driven growth models of the Romer (1990) type. These distortions lead to a suboptimal growth rate and are caused by the monopolistic structure of the capital goods market and the public good character of knowledge which is created as a by-product of R&D and induces positive intertemporal externalities. We show that the effects depend heavily on the design of the subsidies, implying different policy mix possibilities to achieve the optimal output level and growth rate.
Multi-Antenna Capacity of Sparse Multipath Channels

Existing results on multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel capacity implicitly assume a rich scattering environment in which the channel power scales quadratically with the number of antennas, resulting in linear capacity scaling with the number of antennas. While this assumption may be justified in systems with few antennas, it leads to violation of fundamental power conservation principles in the limit of large number of antennas. Furthermore, recent measurement results have shown that physical MIMO channels exhibit a sparse multipath structure, even for relatively few antenna dimensions. Motivated by these observations, we propose a framework for modeling sparse channels and study the coherent capacity of sparse MIMO channels from two perspectives: 1) capacity scaling with the number of antennas, and 2) capacity as a function of transmit SNR for a fixed number of antennas. The statistically independent degrees of freedom (DoF) in sparse channels are less than the number of signal-space dimensions and, as a result, sparse channels afford a fundamental new degree of freedom over which channel capacity can be optimized: the distribution of the DoF’s in the available signal-space dimensions. Our investigation is based on a family of sparse channel configurations whose capacity admits a simple and intuitive closed-form approximation and reveals a new tradeoff between the multiplexing gain and the received SNR. We identify an ideal channel configuration that yields the fastest capacity scaling at any SNR. For fixed number of antennas, we show that the capacity maximizing configuration depends on the operating SNR and optimizes the multiplexing gain-received SNR tradeoff. Surprisingly, only three such configurations suffice for near-optimal performance over the entire SNR range. Different channel configurations can be realized in practice by appropriately adjusting the antennas’ spacings at the transmitter and the receiver.
Cryptographic properties of the Welch-Gong transformation sequence generators

Welch-Gong (WG) transformation sequences are binary sequences of period 2/sup n/ - 1 with two-level autocorrelation. These sequences were discovered by Golomb, Gong, and Gaal (1998) and they verified the validity of their construction for 5 /spl les/ n /spl les/ 20. Later, No, Chung, and Yun (1998) found another way to construct the WG sequences and verified their result for 5 /spl les/ n /spl les/ 20. Dillon (1998) first proved this result for odd n, and, finally, Dobbertin and Dillon (1999) proved it for even n. In this paper, we investigate a two-faced property of the WG transformation sequences for application in stream ciphers and pseudorandom number generators. One is to present the randomness or unpredictability of the WG transformation sequences. The other is to exhibit the security properties of the WG transformations regarded as Boolean functions. In particular, we prove that the WG transformation sequences, in addition to the known two-level autocorrelation and three-level cross correlation with m-sequences, have the ideal 2-tuple distribution, and large linear span increasing exponentially with n. Moreover, it can be implemented efficiently. This is the first type of pseudorandom sequences with good correlation, statistic properties, large linear span, and efficient implementation. When WG transformations are regarded as Boolean functions, they have high nonlinearity. We derive a criterion for the Boolean representation of WG transformations to be r-resilient and show that they are at least 1-resilient under some basis of the finite field GF (2/sup n/). An algorithm to find such bases is given. The degree and linear span of WG transformations are presented as well.
COHORT PROFILE Cohort Profile : Design and methods of the PREDIMED study

Cohort Profile: Design and methods of the PREDIMED study Miguel Ángel Martı́nez-González,1*y Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Emilio Ros, Marı́a Isabel Covas, Miquel Fiol, Julia Wärnberg, Fernando Arós, Valentina Ruı́z-Gutiérrez, Rosa Marı́a Lamuela-Raventós, Jose Lapetra, Miguel Ángel Muñoz, José Alfredo Martı́nez, Guillermo Sáez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Xavier Pintó, Marı́a Teresa Mitjavila, Josep Antoni Tur, Marı́a del Puy Portillo and Ramón Estruch3,21y, for the PREDIMED Study Investigators
Attitudes and Social Categories: Complementary Explanations of Innovation-Adoption Behavior

This paper explores the relationships between an individual's attitudes toward innovation adoption, his or her social category with respect to adoption, and innovation-adoption behavior. First the paper describes how attitudes and social categories can theoretically be linked to innovation adoption, and proposes a comprehensive model in which the two sets of variables are viewed as explaining both unique and common variance in adoption behavior. The paper then empirically examines the intercorrelations of attitudes, social categories, and innovation adoption in a real-world situation: The diffusion of five agricultural innovations in a portion of Appalachian Ohio. The results indicate that some attitudes are significantly related to social categories, whereas others are not; both sets of variables are highly associated with innovation adoption, but attitudes more so than social categories; finally, each set of variables explains some unique aspects of innovation adoption. Thus the findings suggest that comprehensive behavioral models must include psychological as well as socioeconomic and locational variables.
In ation Targeting : Is the NKM t for purpose ?

In this paper we examine whether or not the NKM is t for the purpose of providing a suitable basis for the conduct of monetary policy through ination targeting. We focus on a number of issues: the dynamic response of ination to interest rates in a theoretical NKM under discretion and commitment to a Taylor rule; the implications for the speci cation of the New Keynesian Phillips equation of alternative models of imperfect competition in a closed and an open economy; the general equilibrium underpinnings of the IS function; the extent of empirical support for the NKM; what the empirical evidence on the NKM implies for ination targeting. Our ndings reveal a number of problems with the NKM. Theoretically, the NKM predicts that a discretionary increase in interest rates will increase ination, not reduce it. This is supported both by our empirical estimates of the NKM and by VAR results. We conclude that the standard speci cations of the ination and output equations are inadequate and that these equations should be embedded in a larger model.
An adaptive framework for dynamic access to bandwith at high speeds

Emerging technologies for high-speed data network provide users with explicit feedback about congestion. Users, however, have questioned whether feedback can help in avoiding congestion in wide-area networks that operate at speeds of multiple megabits- or gigabits-per-second. In this paper we analyze a class of adaptive schemes with delayed feedback, where adaptive sources interact with each other as well as with non-adaptive sources through a single queue. We model the network as a stochastic, delay-differential equation and the rate at which an adaptive source transmits data as a fluid. Our model accounts for different levels of traffic burstiness introduced by the non-adaptive sources and for distinct propagation delays for different adaptive sources. We show how the performance of the system scales with increasing network speeds for quite general fluctuations in the bandwidth available to the adaptive sources. Simulation results show the accuracy of the model's predictions as a function of key parameters. This paper should raise the expectations of users about the potential effectiveness of responding to congestion notification.
Feasibility of Imaging Photoplethysmography

Contact and spot measurement have limited the application of photoplethysmography (PPG), thus an imaging PPG system comprising a digital CMOS camera and three wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is developed to detect the blood perfusion in tissue. With the means of the imaging PPG system, the ideally contactless monitoring with larger field of view and the different depth of tissue by applying multi- wavelength illumination can be achieved to understand the blood perfusion change. Corresponding to the individual wavelength LED illumination, the PPG signals can be derived in the both transmission and reflection modes, respectively. The outcome explicitly reveals the imaging PPG is able to detect blood perfusion in a illuminated tissue and indicates the vascular distribution and the blood cell response to individual wavelength LED. The functionality investigation leads to the engineering model for 3-D visualized blood perfusion of tissue and the development of imaging PPG tomography.
Thiopurines Induce Oxidative Stress in T-Lymphocytes: A Proteomic Approach

Thiopurines are extensively used immunosuppressants for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The polymorphism of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) influences thiopurine metabolism and therapy outcome. We used a TPMT knockdown (kd) model of human Jurkat T-lymphocytes cells to study the effects of treatment with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) on proteome and phosphoproteome. We identified thirteen proteins with altered expression and nine proteins with altered phosphorylation signals. Three proteins (THIO, TXD17, and GSTM3) with putative functions in cellular oxidative stress responses were altered by 6-TG treatment and another protein PRDX3 was differentially phosphorylated in TPMT kd cells. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay results were consistent with a significant induction of oxidative stress by both TPMT knockdown and thiopurine treatments. Immunoblot analyses showed treatment altered expression of key antioxidant enzymes (i.e., SOD2 and catalase) in both wt and kd groups, while SOD1 was downregulated by 6-TG treatment and TPMT knockdown. Collectively, increased oxidative stress might be a mechanism involved in thiopurine induced cytotoxicity and adverse effects (i.e., hepatotoxicity) and an antioxidant cotherapy might help to combat this. Results highlight the significance of oxidative stress in thiopurines' actions and could have important implications for the treatment of IBD patients.
Pyroxene Crystal-Chemistry and the Late Cooling History of NWA 2737

ynard, P. Beck, J-A. Barrat and M. Bohn, Laboratoire des Sciences de la Terre, CNRS UMR 5570, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 46 allee d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France. E-mail : breynard@ens-lyon.fr, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Ranch road NW, DC20015. Email:pbeck@gl.ciw. edu. U.B. O. -I.U. E.M. , place Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzane Cedex, France. E-mail : barrat@univ-brest.fr. Ifremer-Centre de Brest, (CNRS-UMR 6538), BP70, 29280 Plouzane Cedex, France. Email : Marcel.Bohn@ifremer.fr.
Processing‐induced anisotropy

Processing of seismic data is often performed under the assumption that the velocity distribution in the subsurface can be approximated by a macromodel composed of isotropic homogeneous layers or blocks. Despite being physically unrealistic, such models are believed to be sufficient for describing the kinematics of reflection arrivals.In this paper, we examine the distortions in normal‐moveout (NMO) velocities caused by the intralayer vertical heterogeneity unaccounted for in velocity analysis. To match P‐wave moveout measurements from a horizontal or a dipping reflector overlaid by a vertically heterogeneous isotropic medium, the effective homogeneous overburden has to be anisotropic. This apparent anisotropy is caused not only by velocity monotonically increasing with depth, but also by random velocity variations similar to those routinely observed in well logs.Assuming that the effective homogeneous medium is transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI), we express the VTI parameters thro.