Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear medium modifications of hadrons from generalized parton distributions

We study the structure of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in spin 0 nuclei within a microscopic approach for nuclear dynamics. GPDs can be used on one side as tools to unravel the deep inelastic transverse structure of nuclei in terms of both transverse spatial and transverse momentum degrees of freedom. On the other, one can obtain information on GPDs themselves by observing how they become modified in the nuclear environment. We derive the structure of the nuclear deeply virtual Compton scattering tensor and generalized parton distributions at leading order in Q in a field-theoretical framework. The nuclear generalized parton distributions are calculated using a two-step process\char22{}the convolution approach\char22{}where the scattering process happens from a quark inside a nucleon, itself inside a nucleus, disregarding final state interactions with both the nuclear and nucleon debris. We point out that details of the nuclear long-range interactions, such as two-body currents, can be disregarded compared to the deep inelastic induced modifications of the bound GPDs. We show how the pattern of nuclear modifications predicted, and in particular the deviations of off-shell effects from the longitudinal convolution provide clear signals to be sought in experimental measurements. Finally, we find interesting relationships by studying Mellin moments in nuclei: in particular we predict the A dependence for the D term of GPDs within a microscopic approach and the behavior with t of the total momentum carried by quarks in a nucleus. The latter provides an important element for the evaluation of nuclear hadronization phenomena that are vital for interpreting current and future data at RHIC, HERMES, and Jefferson Lab.
Red Color and Risk-Taking Behavior in Online Environments

In many situations red is associated with hazard and danger. As a consequence, it was expected that task-irrelevant color cues in online environments would affect risk-taking behaviors. This assumption was tested in two web-based experiments. The first study (N = 383) demonstrated that in risky choice dilemmas respondents preferred the less risky option when the displayed university logo was in red (versus gray); but only when both choice alternatives were at least moderately risky. The second study (N = 144) replicated these results with a behavioral outcome: Respondents showed more cautious behavior in a web-based game when the focal stimuli were colored red (versus blue). Together, these findings demonstrate that variations in the color design of a computerized environment affect risk taking: Red color leads to more conservative choices and behaviors.
Arithmetic in newborn chicks

Newly hatched domestic chicks were reared with five identical objects. On days 3 or 4, chicks underwent free-choice tests in which sets of three and two of the five original objects disappeared (either simultaneously or one by one), each behind one of two opaque identical screens. Chicks spontaneously inspected the screen occluding the larger set (experiment 1). Results were confirmed under conditions controlling for continuous variables (total surface area or contour length; experiment 2). In the third experiment, after the initial disappearance of the two sets (first event, FE), some of the objects were visibly transferred, one by one, from one screen to the other (second event, SE). Thus, computation of a series of subsequent additions or subtractions of elements that appeared and disappeared, one by one, was needed in order to perform the task successfully. Chicks spontaneously chose the screen, hiding the larger number of elements at the end of the SE, irrespective of the directional cues provided by the initial (FE) and final (SE) displacements. Results suggest impressive proto-arithmetic capacities in the young and relatively inexperienced chicks of this precocial species.
Chameleon: Hierarchical Clustering Using Dynamic Modeling

Clustering is a discovery process in data mining. It groups a set of data in a way that maximizes the similarity within clusters and minimizes the similarity between two different clusters. Many advanced algorithms have difficulty dealing with highly variable clusters that do not follow a preconceived model. By basing its selections on both interconnectivity and closeness, the Chameleon algorithm yields accurate results for these highly variable clusters. Existing algorithms use a static model of the clusters and do not use information about the nature of individual clusters as they are merged. Furthermore, one set of schemes (the CURE algorithm and related schemes) ignores the information about the aggregate interconnectivity of items in two clusters. Another set of schemes (the Rock algorithm, group averaging method, and related schemes) ignores information about the closeness of two clusters as defined by the similarity of the closest items across two clusters. By considering either interconnectivity or closeness only, these algorithms can select and merge the wrong pair of clusters. Chameleon's key feature is that it accounts for both interconnectivity and closeness in identifying the most similar pair of clusters. Chameleon finds the clusters in the data set by using a two-phase algorithm. During the first phase, Chameleon uses a graph partitioning algorithm to cluster the data items into several relatively small subclusters. During the second phase, it uses an algorithm to find the genuine clusters by repeatedly combining these subclusters.
Review of High Level Endodontic Research in PubMed Index Journals from Iran

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate patents as well as high level researches including systematic reviews/meta-analyses and randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) published in scientific journals by Iranians endodontic. Materials and Methods The study started with targeted searches of PubMed as well as World Intellectual Property Organization and United State Patent and Trademark Office. Results There were 4 filed/granted patents, 2 systematic reviews/meta-analyses and 25 RCTs. Patents were related to endodontic/dental (bio)materials. Performing a topic sorting, 15 RCTs were about vital pulp therapy and 8 about anesthesia and pain. More than 55% of these articles originated from three University of Medical Sciences: Shahid Beheshti (22.2%), Kerman (18.5%) and Mashad (14.8%). Conclusion Vital pulp therapy was the most important topic amongst endodontic high level evidence articles.
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)

Tuatul Mahfud, Nuraly Masum Aprily, Ida Nugroho Saputro, Ibnu Siswanto, Suyitno Suyitno Hospitality Department, Balikpapan State Polytechnic, Balikpapan, Indonesia Early Childhood Education Department, Faculty of Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia Building Engineering Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia Automotive Engineering Education Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Automotive Engineering Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo, Purworejo, Indonesia
Principal transformational leadership and teacher readiness to teach: Mediating role of self-efficacy

Student should participate in high-quality learning regardless of all existing conditions; therefore, efforts are needed to identify various factors related to teacher readiness in teaching (TR). This research identified the effect of the four components of transformational leadership (TL) on teacher TR in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic through the role of teacher self-efficacy mediation. The study used a quantitative approach, with a model of structural equation modelling (SEM) causality with the help of the analysis of moment structure 24.0 (AMOS 24.0) program. This study involved 332 secondary school teachers as respondent. SEM is used to build relationship models and to analyze direct or indirect effects, while the Sobel test is conducted for testing mediation hypotheses. Based on the results of research, four components of TL, can affect teacher TR through teacher self-efficacy. The contribution of this research provides insight into the importance of the principal's TL practices in preparing teachers for teaching through teacher self-efficacy, which is a necessity today.
Neuropathology of ablation of rat gliosarcomas and contiguous brain tissues using a microplanar beam of synchrotron‐wiggler‐generated X rays

Adult‐rat‐brain tissues display an unusually high resistance to necrosis when serially irradiated with parallel, thin slices of a microplanar (i.e., microscopically thin and macroscopically broad) beam of synchrotron‐wiggler‐generated, approx. 35–120 keV (median approx. 50 keV) Gd‐filtered X rays at skin‐entrance absorbed doses of 312 to 5000 Gy per slice. Such microplanar beams were used to irradiate young adult rats bearing right frontocerebral 9L gliosarcomas (approx. 4 mm diameter), through a volume of tissue containing the tumor and contiguous brain tissue, either in a single array or in 2 orthogonally crossed arrays of tissue slices. Each array included 101 parallel microplanar slices, 100 μm center‐to‐center distance, each slice being approx. 25 μm wide and 12 mm high, with skin‐entrance absorbed doses of 312.5 Gy or 625 Gy per slice. Compared with unirradiated controls with a median survival time of 20 days after tumor initiation, the median survival time was extended in irradiated rats by 139 days (625 Gy, crossed arrays), 96 days (312.Gy, crossed arrays) or 24 days (625 Gy, single array). The tumors disappeared in 22 of the 36 irradiated rats, 4/ 11 even after unidirectional microbeam irradiation. The extent and severity of radiation damage to the normal brain in rats with or without tumor was graded histopathologically. Correlation of those grades with radiation doses shows that loss of tissue structure was confined to beam‐crossing regions and that only minor damage was done to zones of the brain irradiated unidirectionally. Int. J. Cancer 78:654–660, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)

Mohammed Borhandden Musah, Lokman Mohd Tahir, Hairuddin Mohd Ali, Shafeeq Hussain Vazhathodi Al-Hudawi, Mohammad Issah, Adnan Mohammed Farah, Asma Khaleel Abdallah, Naail Mohammed Kamil Department of Education Studies, Bahrain Teachers College, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Department of Education Foundation and Education Leadership, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Malaysia Yanbu Industrial College, Royal Commission of Yanbu Colleges & Institutes, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Department of Education Foundation, College of Education United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates Department of Human Resource and Organizational Development, KNUST Business School, Kumasi, Ghana
Reward Model Underspeciﬁcation in Language Model Alignment

Reward models play a key role in aligning language model applications towards human preferences. However, this setup can create a dynamic in which the policy model has the incentive to exploit errors in the reward model to achieve high reward. This means that the success of reward-based alignment depends on the ability of reward models to transfer to new distributions created by the aligned policy model. We show that reward models are underspeciﬁed , in the sense that models that perform similarly in-distribution can yield very different rewards on policy model outputs. These differences propagate to the aligned policies, which we show to be heavily inﬂuenced by the random seed used during pretraining of the reward model. We show that even a simple alignment strategy — best-of-n reranking — creates a semi-adversarial dynamic between the policy and reward models, promoting outputs on which the reward models are more likely to disagree. Finally, we show that a simple ensembling strategy can help to address this issue.
Assessment of Dietary Intake Patterns and Their Correlates among University Students in Lebanon

Introduction: Unhealthy dietary habits are major risk factors for chronic diseases, particularly if adopted during early years of adulthood. Limited studies have explored the food consumption patterns among young adults in Lebanon. Our study aimed to examine common dietary patterns and their correlates among a large sample of university student population in Lebanon, focusing on correlation with gender and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 3384 students, using a proportionate cluster sample of Lebanese students from both public and private universities. A self-administered food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake of university students. Factor analysis of food items and groups, cluster analysis of dietary patterns, and multivariate regressions were carried out. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified among university youth namely a vegetarian/low calorie dietary pattern (characterized mainly by consumption of plant-based food while avoiding “western” food, composite dishes, and bread); a mixed dietary pattern (characterized by high consumption of plant-based food, followed by composite dishes, bread, and a low consumption of western type food); and finally, a westernized dietary pattern (characterized by high consumption of white bread and western food, and a strong avoidance of plant food and composite dishes). We observed significant differences between males and females in terms of their reported food intake and dietary patterns. Females were particularly more prone to adopt the vegetarian/low calorie diet than males (ORa = 1.69; p < 0.001), while males were more likely to adopt a westernized diet (ORa = 1.51; p < 0.001), seemingly in private universities (p = 0.053). Students with high income and obese students (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were more likely to consume vegetarian/low calorie diets (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Male university students reported a higher consumption of the westernized dietary pattern as compared to female university students in Lebanon, while the latter reported a higher adoption of a vegetarian diet. Health promotion programs are needed to address the dietary intakes and lifestyle behaviors of young adults in Lebanon to help prevent obesity and other associated comorbidities.
Exposure to Antibiotics Induces Expression of theMycobacterium tuberculosis sigF Gene: Implications for Chemotherapy against Mycobacterial Persistors

ABSTRACT The sigF gene encodes an alternate sigma factor found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related pathogenic mycobacteria. Determination of conditions of sigFexpression is an important step in understanding the conditional gene regulation which may govern such processes as virulence and dormancy in mycobacteria. We constructed an in-frame translationallacZ-kan fusion within the sigF gene to determine the conditions of sigF expression. This reporter construct was expressed from a multicopy plasmid in a strain of BCG harboring an integrated luciferase reporter gene under the control of the mycobacteriophage L5 gp71 promoter. Antibiotic exposure, in particular, ethambutol, rifampin, streptomycin, and cycloserine treatment, increased the level of SigF reporter specific expression in a dose-dependent fashion. The level of SigF reporter specific expression increased over 100-fold in late-stationary-phase growth compared to that in exponential growth. During the exponential phase, SigF specific expression could be induced by a number of other stresses. Anaerobic metabolism induced SigF by greater than 150-fold, particularly in the presence of metronidazole. Cold shock increased the level of SigF specific expression, while heat shock decreased it. Oxidative stress was also an important inducer of SigF specific expression; a greater induction was seen with cumene hydroperoxide than with hydrogen peroxide. Comparisons of bacterial viability as determined by the luciferase assay or by plating serial dilutions revealed that luciferase gp71-dependent activity was an unreliable predictor of the numbers of CFU during stationary-phase growth and anaerobic metabolism. The induction of sigF following antibiotic exposure suggests that this bacterial transcription factor may control genes which are important for mycobacterial persistence in the host during chemotherapy.
Distribution of Abcg2 (BCRP) and Abcc2 (MRP2) mRNAs in rat small intestine and liver

The purpose of this study is to examine the distribution of Abcg2 and Abcc2 mRNAs in the intestine and liver of male Wistar rats, and any regional differences. Nine-week-old male rats were used, and their intestine divided equally into nine segments. The expression patterns of Abcg2 and Abcc2 mRNAs in the intestine and liver were examined using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PCR products for Abcg2 mRNA were readily detectable in the intestine, but no bands were detected in the liver. In addition, the level of Abcg2 mRNA increased significantly from the duodenum to ileum, indicating a regional difference in Abcg2 mRNA expression in the intestine. This regional difference was comparable to that of Abcb1/mdr1a as reported previously. On the other hand, Abcc2 mRNA was detected at a higher level in the liver than in the intestine. However, there was no regional difference in Abcc2 mRNA expression in the intestine. Collectively, Abcg2 was predominant in the intestine rather than liver in male Wistar rats, whereas Abcc2 was predominant in the liver. These findings will provide useful information for evaluating the gastrointestinal secretion of drugs as well as drug-drug interactions in rats.
Dynamic multigrain parallelization on the cell broadband engine

This paper addresses the problem of orchestrating and scheduling parallelism at multiple levels of granularity on heterogeneous multicore processors. We present mechanisms and policies for adaptive exploitation and scheduling of layered parallelism on the Cell Broadband Engine. Our policies combine event-driven task scheduling with malleable loop-level parallelism, which is exploited from the runtime system whenever task-level parallelism leaves idle cores. We present a scheduler for applications with layered parallelism on Cell and investigate its performance with RAxML, an application which infers large phylogenetic trees, using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. Our experiments show that the Cell benefits significantly from dynamic methods that selectively exploit the layers of parallelism in the system, in response to workload fluctuation. Our scheduler out performs the MPI version of RAxML, scheduled by the Linux kernel, by up to a factor of 2.6. We are able to execute RAxMLon one Cell four times faster than on a dual-processor system with Hyperthreaded Xeon processors, and 5--10% faster than on a single-processor system with a dual-core, quad-thread IBM Power5processor.
Oncotargets and Therapy Dovepress Open Access to Scientific and Medical Research Open Access Full Text Article Gemcitabine for the Treatment of Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite agent which is active in several human malignancies, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because of its acceptable toxicity profile, with myelosuppression being the most common adverse event, gemcitabine can be safely combined with a number of cytotoxic agents, including platinum derivatives and new-generation anticancer compounds. In fact, the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is a first-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC, pharmacoeconomic data indicating that it represents the most cost-effective regimen among platinum-based combinations with third-generation cytotoxic drugs. The drug has been investigated in the context of nonplatinum-based regimens in a number of prospective clinical trials, and might provide a suitable alternative for patients with contraindications to platinum. Recently, gemcitabine-based doublets have been successfully tested in association with novel targeted agents with encouraging results, providing further evidence for the role of the drug in the treatment of NSCLC. In the last few years several attempts have been pursued in order to identify molecular predictors of gemcitabine activity, and recent data support the feasibility of genomic-based approaches to customize treatment with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcome.
ARF6 stimulates clathrin/AP-2 recruitment to synaptic membranes by activating phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type Iγ

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membranes involves the recruitment of clathrin and AP-2 adaptor complexes to the presynaptic plasma membrane. Phosphoinositides have been implicated in nucleating coat assembly by directly binding to several endocytotic proteins including AP-2 and AP180. Here, we show that the stimulatory effect of ATP and GTPγS on clathrin coat recruitment is mediated at least in part by increased levels of PIP2. We also provide evidence for a role of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) via direct stimulation of a synaptically enriched phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type Iγ (PIPKIγ), in this effect. These data suggest a model according to which activation of PIPKIγ by ARF6-GTP facilitates clathrin-coated pit assembly at the synapse.
Hematopoietic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor deficiency increases inflammation and platelet activation status, but does not aggravate atherosclerosis

The autonomic nervous system attenuates inflammation through activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), a pathway termed the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory reflex. Interestingly, α7nAChR is expressed on immune cells and platelets, both of which play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis.
Application of simulated annealing to cluster-boundary search algorithm for macrocell placement optimization

This paper presents a hybrid technique for macrocell placement optimization. The presented technique integrates the probabilistic hill-climbing feature of simulated annealing with the (deterministic) cluster-boundary search algorithm in order to minimize the likelihood of local optimal solutions. It optimizes the placement as well as orientation of macrocells and produces overlap-free designs satisfying constraints on interconnect length bounds. The technique is computationally efficient and can generate high-quality solutions for large-sized placement problems. Test results for placement optimization problems involving up to 100 macrocells are presented and analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the presented hybrid technique.