Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Newly Identified Barriers to and Enablers for Prehospital Pediatric Pain Management

Objectives The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the prevalence of newly identified barriers and enablers to prehospital narcotic analgesic administration in a sample of paramedics and determine whether these barriers and enablers differ between new and experienced paramedics. Methods We surveyed a convenience sample of paramedics from urban, suburban, and rural practice settings in an emergency medical services system. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe responses, and differences between new (⩽5 years) and experienced (>5 years) providers were assessed. Results There were 127 surveys analyzed; 67% of our sample was experienced and 86% considered treating pain important. Notable barriers for analgesic administration include causing more pain from intravenous catheter insertion, parental influences, difficulty assessing pain, and worry about allergic reactions. Notable enablers include belief that analgesic administration is important, education to administer analgesics, and support from agency leadership. There were statistically significant differences between new and experienced providers in the distribution of responses for survey items regarding how the importance of treating pain in children was learned, overall comfort with pediatric patients, receiving negative responses from superiors about giving pediatric patients analgesics, and usefulness of the Broselow tape for dosing fentanyl for children. Other barriers and enablers were not significantly different between new and experienced providers. Conclusions Top barriers to prehospital pediatric analgesic administration are related to skills and knowledge deficits, whereas enablers include support from agency leadership and personal views on analgesics. This information can be used to guide interventions to improve the management of pain in children.
Association between heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis

Numerous studies have focused on the association between heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to cancer; however, results remain ambiguous. The present systematic Human Genome Epidemiology review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify this association. A systematic search was used to assess the association of HO-1 gene polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, with all reviewed studies published before April 10, 2017. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used to perform the meta-analysis. A total of 14 studies were included in the analysis. Overall, no significant associations of the HO-1 (GT)n and T(−413)A polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility were identified. However, subgroup analyses by ethnicity and cancer type indicated that the LL and L-allele (LL+LS) genotypes of HO-1 (GT)n were associated with increased susceptibility to cancer compared with the SS+SL and SS genotypes in the following subgroups: East Asian [LL+LS vs. SS: odds ratio (OR)=1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.11–2.05, P=0.0003; LL vs. SS+SL: OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.04–2.01, P=0.03; LL vs. SS: OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.07–2.52, P=0.02]; squamous cell carcinoma (LL+LS vs. SS: OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.35–2.34, P<0.05; LL vs. SS+SL: OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34–2.18, P<0.05; LL vs. SS: OR=2.26, 95% CI =1.62–3.14, P<0.05); and digestive tract cancer + East Asian (LL+LS vs. SS: OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.22–1.98, P<0.05; LL vs. SS: OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.06–3.05, P<0.05). These findings indicated that there was no association of the HO-1 (GT)n and T(−413)A polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility, while the L-allele genotypes (LL and LS) of HO-1 (GT)n may be susceptibility factors for cancer in East Asian, digestive tract cancer in East Asian and squamous cell carcinoma populations. Due to limitations of the reviewed studies, additional large-scale and refined studies are now required to confirm the present findings.
Chicken Coccidiosis in Central Java, Indonesia: A Recent Update

Avian coccidiosis is a huge problem worldwide. Heavily infected animals that show severe clinical signs and coccidiostat resistance are causing important economic losses. The present study aimed to update the recent cases of coccidiosis in Central Java, Indonesia, and to show the importance of the disease in the region. A total of 699 samples were obtained from different chicken breed. Different Eimeria species were detected in 175 individuals (25.04%). Three different groups of chicken breed were considered: local chicken (autochthonous chickens of Sentul and Jawa), commercial broiler, and layer. Broiler chickens showed the highest prevalence of infection (34%), followed by layer (26.26%) and local chickens (10.45%). Mild to severe clinical signs of avian coccidiosis were observed in 42% of the infected animals, while 58% of the infected animals showed no clinical signs other than low feed conversion rates. Seven different Eimeria species were identified: E. tenella was the most prevalent (43.3%), followed by E. maxima (26.3%), E. necatrix (15.7%), E. acervulina (8%), E. praecox (3.1%), E. mitis (2.2%), and E. brunetti (1.3%). Coinfections with several Eimeria species were diagnosed. With this study we found massive usage of coccidiostat in the region even though its usage cannot guarantee coccidiosis-free chicken production.
Macrophage motility requires distinct α5β1/FAK and α4β1/paxillin signaling events

Macrophages function as key inflammatory mediators at sites of infection and tissue damage. Integrin and growth factor receptors facilitate recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to sites of inflammation in response to numerous extracellular stimuli. We have shown recently that FAK plays a role in regulating macrophage chemotaxis and invasion. As FAK is an established downstream mediator of integrin signaling, we sought to define the molecular circuitry involving FAK and the predominant β1 integrin heterodimers expressed in these cells—α4β1 and α5β1. We show that α4β1 and α5β1 integrins are required for efficient haptotactic and chemotactic invasion and that stimulation of these integrin receptors leads to the adoption of distinct morphologies associated with motility. FAK is required downstream of α5β1 for haptotaxis toward FN and chemotaxis toward M‐CSF‐1 and downstream of α4β1 for the adoption of a polarized phenotype. The scaffolding molecule paxillin functions independently of FAK to promote chemotaxis downstream of α4β1. These studies expand our understanding of β1 integrin signaling networks that regulate motility and invasion in macrophages and thus, provide important new insights into mechanisms by which macrophages perform their diverse functions.
Differential expression of EGFR during early reparative phase of the gastric mucosa between young and aged rats.

Aging is associated with decreased reparative ability of the gastric mucosa. Our recent data suggest a role for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the mucosal reparative processes. Thus we examined changes in EGFR tyrosine kinase activity as well as expression and subcellular localization of EGFR and its ligand transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) in the gastric mucosa of young (4-mo-old) and aged (24-mo-old) Fischer 344 male rats during the early reparative phase after acute injury induced by 2 M NaCl. Within 240 min of injury, significant epithelial restitution was observed in the gastric mucosa of young but not of aged rats. Expansion of the neck region and initiation of foveolar cell migration could be seen within 45 min of injury in young rats but not until 90 min in aged rats. In young rats mucosal EGFR tyrosine kinase activity increased at 45 min after injury and subsequently fell to basal levels. Mucosal EGFR mRNA increased throughout the reparative phase as did content of the EGFR ligand TGF-α. In contrast, although the basal tyrosine kinase activity and levels of EGFR mRNA and TGF-α were elevated in the gastric mucosa of aged rats, injury did not cause increases in these parameters. Immunofluorescent localization suggests that internalization and/or degradation of EGFR may be higher in aged than in young rats. We suggest that diminished induction of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and increased EGFR internalization after injury may in part be responsible for the age-related decrease in the reparative capacity of the gastric mucosa.
The microbiota and HIV: shedding light on dark matters.

The gut, which is the major reservoir of T lymphocytes, suffers severe T-cell depletion when attacked by HIV. These T cells are essential for recognizing and processing antigen and for maintaining the integrity of the gut mucosa, the extraordinarily selective barrier between the systemic circulation and the gut’s microbes and other contents. Landmark studies by Brenchley et al. [1,2] revealed that HIV-mediated depletion of the gut’s CD4þT cells results in low-grade, steady leakage of gut microbes and metabolites into the circulation, which drives immune activation and HIV replication and pathogenesis.
Neural correlate of Internet use in patients undergoing psychological treatment for Internet addiction

Abstract Background: The new version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5th) proposed the Internet Gaming Disorder for the diagnosis of Internet addiction (IA) considering the neurobiological evidence of the craving. Aims: The aim was to test the neural correlate in response to the Internet cue in patients with IA. Methods: Sixteen males with IA diagnosis (clinical group) and 14 healthy male (control group) were recruited for an experimental visual task composed of Internet images and emotional images. During the visual presentation of Internet cue, electroencefalographic data were recorded using Net Station 4.5. 1 with a 256-channels HydroCel Geodesic Sensor Net. Event-related potential (ERP) components and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLoreta) were analysed. Results: sLoreta analyses showed that patients from the clinical group presented a higher primary somatosensorial cortex and lower paralimbic, temporal and orbito-frontal activation in response to both Internet and emotional images compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that clinically recognized pathological use of Internet could be linked to dissociative symptoms.
Analyzing English-Spanish Named-Entity enhanced Machine Translation

Translation of named-entities (NEs) is an issue in SMT. In this paper we analyze the errors when translating NEs with a SMT system from English to Spanish. We train on Europarl and test on News Commentary, focusing on entities correctly recognized by an automatic NE recognition system. The automatic systems translate around 85% NEs correctly, leaving a small margin for improving performance. In addition, we implement a purpose-build NE translator and integrate it in the SMT system, yielding a small but significant improvement in BLEU score. Our analysis shows that, contrary to similar systems translating from Chinese to English, there was no improvement in NE translation, prompting further work.
Advanced IEEE 802.11ax TCP aware scheduling under unreliable channels

In this paper, we suggest advanced IEEE 802.11ax (WiFi) TCP‐aware scheduling strategies for optimizing the TCP Goodput AP operation under transmission of unidirectional TCP traffic to downloading stations. Our scheduling strategies optimize the TCP Goodput performance using the capability for Multi User transmissions over the Uplink, first introduced in IEEE 802.11ax, together with Multi User transmissions over the Downlink. The scheduling strategies are based on Transmission Opportunities (TXOP), and we suggest three scheduling strategies determining the TXOP formation parameters. In one of the strategies, one can control the achieved TCP Goodput vs the delay. We also assume saturated TCP transmission queues. We show that with minimal TCP Goodput degradation, one can avoid considerable delays: It turns out that for TCP Data segments of 1460 bytes, achieving optimal TCP Goodput requires TXOPs of 25 ms, while if one loses only 5% of the optimal Goodput, TXOPs can be of only 3 ms. For TCP Data segments of 256 bytes, the TXOPs are of 13 and 5 ms, respectively.
Data Analysis Strategies in Medical Imaging

Radiographic imaging continues to be one of the most effective and clinically useful tools within oncology. Sophistication of artificial intelligence has allowed for detailed quantification of radiographic characteristics of tissues using predefined engineered algorithms or deep learning methods. Precedents in radiology as well as a wealth of research studies hint at the clinical relevance of these characteristics. However, critical challenges are associated with the analysis of medical imaging data. Although some of these challenges are specific to the imaging field, many others like reproducibility and batch effects are generic and have already been addressed in other quantitative fields such as genomics. Here, we identify these pitfalls and provide recommendations for analysis strategies of medical imaging data, including data normalization, development of robust models, and rigorous statistical analyses. Adhering to these recommendations will not only improve analysis quality but also enhance precision medicine by allowing better integration of imaging data with other biomedical data sources. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3492–9. ©2018 AACR.
Effective geometric restoration of distorted historical document for large-scale digitisation

Due to storage conditions and material’s non-planar shape, geometric distortion of the 2-D content is widely present in scanned document images. Effective geometric restoration of these distorted document images considerably increases character recognition rate in large-scale digitisation. For large-scale digitisation of historical books, geometric restoration solutions expect to be accurate, generic, robust, unsupervised and reversible. However, most methods in the literature concentrate on improving restoration accuracy for specific distortion effect, but not their applicability in large-scale digitisation. This paper proposes an effective mesh based geometric restoration system, (GRLSD), for large-scale distorted historical document digitisation. In this system, an automatic mesh generation based dewarping tool is proposed to geometrically model and correct arbitrary warping historical documents. An XML based mesh recorder is proposed to record the mesh of distortion information for reversible use. A graphic user interface toolkit is designed to visually display and manually manipulate the mesh for improving geometric restoration accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed automatic dewarping approach efficiently corrects arbitrarily warped historical documents, with an improved performance over several state-of-the-art geometric restoration methods. By using XML mesh recorder and GUI toolkit, the GRLSD system greatly aids users to flexibly monitor and correct ambiguous points of mesh for the prevention of damaging historical document images without distortions in large-scale digitalisation.
Role of transcellular pathway in ileal Ca2+ absorption: stimulation by low-Ca2+ diet.

The present study was performed to determine the respective involvement of the cellular and paracellular routes in ileal Ca2+ transport. Two groups of rats were either fed a normal Ca2+ diet (1.0%) or a Ca2+-deficient diet (0.02%) for 14 days. Ileal Ca2+absorption was determined using both an in situ method of continuous luminal perfusion and an in vitro method (Ussing chamber model). The low-Ca2+ diet stimulated net Ca2+ flux in the ileum twofold, associated with a twofold increase of the mucosal-to-serosal Ca2+ flux in both models. This effect was observed in the absence of concomitant changes in Na+ or water flux in the in situ model or mannitol flux in the in vitro model, excluding the participation of the paracellular pathway in Ca2+ transport. Thus only cellular Ca2+ flux was stimulated. These data suggest that the ileum plays a major role in the adaptation to low dietary Ca2+. Whereas under physiological conditions with usual Ca2+ intakes the transcellular pathway of Ca2+ transport is negligible, it becomes of major importance in the case of Ca2+ deficiency, at least under the present conditions of severe Ca2+ deprivation.
Finite element modeling methodologies for FRP strengthened RC members

The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is evidently a powerful tool for the analysis of structural concrete having nonlinearity and brittle failure properties. However, the result of FEA of structural concrete is sensitive to two modeling factors: the shear transfer coefficient (STC) for an open concrete crack and force convergence tolerance value (CONVTOL). Very limited work has been done to find the optimal FE Modeling (FEM) methodologies for structural concrete members strengthened with externally bonded FRP sheets. A total of 22 experimental deep beams with or without FRP flexure or/and shear strengthening systems are analyzed by nonlinear FEA using ANAYS program. For each experimental beams, an FE model with a total of 16 cases of modeling factor combinations are developed and analyzed to find the optimal FEM methodology. Two elements the SHELL63 and SOLID46 representing the material properties of FRP laminate are investigated and compared. The results of this research suggest that the optimal combination of modeling factor is STC of 0.25 and CONVTOL of 0.2. A SOLID 46 element representing the FRP strengthening system leads to better results than a SHELL 63 element does.
Identification of Group G Streptococcal Isolates from Companion Animals in Japan and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns.

In this study, we conducted a species-level identification of group G streptococcal (GGS) isolates from companion animals in Japan and analyzed antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. Strains were isolated from sterile and non-sterile specimens collected from 72 animals with clinical signs or symptoms in April-May, 2015. We identified the strain by 16S rRNA sequencing, mass spectrometry (MS), and an automated method based on their biochemical properties. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method and E-test. AMR determinants (erm(A), erm(B), mef(A), tet(M), tet(O), tet(K), tet(L), and tet(S)) in corresponding resistant isolates were amplified by PCR. The 16S rRNA sequencing identified the GGS species as Streptococcus canis (n = 68), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (n = 3), and S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (n = 1). However, there were discrepancies between the sequencing data and both the MS and automated identification data. MS and the automated biochemical technique identified 18 and 37 of the 68 sequencing-identified S. canis strains, respectively. The AMR rates were 20.8% for tetracycline and 5.6% for clarithromycin, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)50 -MIC90 of 2-64 and ≤ 0.12-0. 25μg/mL, respectively. AMR genotyping showed single or combined genotypes: erm(B) or tet(M)-tet(O)-tet(S). Our findings show the unique characteristics of GGS isolates from companion animals in Japan in terms of species-level identification and AMR patterns.
Nitrergic regulation of colonic transit in rats.

Nitric oxide has been shown to be an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian colon, although its role in colonic transit remains unclear. We investigated the effect of the nitric oxide biosynthesis inhibitor NG -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) on colonic transit in conscious rats. Colonic transit was determined by calculating the geometric center of the distribution of radiochromium instilled into the proximal colon. We also studied the effect ofl-NAME on colonic motility in vivo and on descending relaxation in vitro.l-NAME (10 mg/kg) significantly delayed colonic transit compared with saline. The inhibitory effect ofl-NAME was prevented byl-arginine (100 mg/kg) but not by d-arginine (100 mg/kg). l-NAME (10 mg/kg) induced random and uncoordinated phasic contractions throughout the rat colon in vivo. Luminal distension evoked descending relaxation in the proximal and distal rat colon in vitro.l-NAME (10-4 M) significantly inhibited this relaxation. It is suggested, therefore, that nitric oxide enhances transit in the rat colon by mediating descending relaxation, which, in turn, facilitates propulsion of the colonic contents.
Secretory Products of the Human GI Tract Microbiome and Their Potential Impact on Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Detection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in AD Hippocampus

Although the potential contribution of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome to human health, aging, and disease is becoming increasingly acknowledged, the molecular mechanics and signaling pathways of just how this is accomplished is not well-understood. Major bacterial species of the GI tract, such as the abundant Gram-negative bacilli Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), secrete a remarkably complex array of pro-inflammatory neurotoxins which, when released from the confines of the healthy GI tract, are pathogenic and highly detrimental to the homeostatic function of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). For the first time here we report the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in brain lysates from the hippocampus and superior temporal lobe neocortex of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Mean LPS levels varied from two-fold increases in the neocortex to three-fold increases in the hippocampus, AD over age-matched controls, however some samples from advanced AD hippocampal cases exhibited up to a 26-fold increase in LPS over age-matched controls. This “Perspectives” paper will further highlight some very recent research on GI tract microbiome signaling to the human CNS, and will update current findings that implicate GI tract microbiome-derived LPS as an important internal contributor to inflammatory degeneration in the CNS.
Summary of the development the US Environmental Protection Agency's Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT) using data from 9 multigenerational medaka tests

In response to various legislative mandates, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) formed its Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), which in turn, formed the basis of a tiered testing strategy to determine the potential of pesticides, commercial chemicals, and environmental contaminants to disrupt the endocrine system. The first tier of tests is intended to detect the potential for endocrine disruption mediated through estrogen, androgen, or thyroid pathways, whereas the second tier is intended to further characterize the effects on these pathways and to establish a dose–response relationship for adverse effects. One of these tier 2 tests, the Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT), was developed by the USEPA for the EDSP and, in collaboration with the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, for the Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD). The MEOGRT protocol was iteratively modified based on knowledge gained after the successful completion of 9 tests with variations in test protocols. The present study describes both the final MEOGRT protocol that has been published by the USEPA and the OECD, and the iterations that provided valuable insights into nuances of the protocol. The various tests include exposure to 17β‐estradiol, 4‐t‐octylphenol, o,p′‐ dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, 4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenol, tamoxifen, 17β‐trenbolone, vinclozolin, and prochloraz. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3387–3403. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.