Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of tyrosine protein kinase Zap-70 with the protooncogene product p120c-cbl in T lymphocytes

Accumulating data show that the tyrosine protein kinase Zap-70 plays an essential role in T cell receptor-mediated signal transduction. However, the model of action, as well as the physiologically relevant substrates of Zap-70, have not been determined. We have attempted to identify a 120-kD tyrosine-phosphorylated protein (p120) that associates with Zap-70 in activated T lymphocytes. The results of our analyses showed that p120 is largely encoded by the c-cbl protooncogene. Furthermore, the association of Zap-70 with c-Cbl was shown to be induced by T cell receptor stimulation, implying that it required posttranslational modification of one or both of these products. FynT, but not Lck, also associated with c-Cbl in activated T cells. Finally, using a heterologous system, it was demonstrated that the ability of Zap-70 to cause tyrosine phosphorylation of p120c-cbl was dependent on Lck- or FynT-mediated signals. As c-Cbl can associate with several other signaling molecules, it may couple Zap-70 to downstream effectors during T cell activation.
A Sociopsychological Conception of Collective Identity: The Case of National Identity as an Example

The present article delineates the complex structure of collective identity by incorporating two levels of analysis. The first, the micro level, pertains to individual society members’ recognition of and categorization as belonging to a group, with the accompanying cognitive, emotional, and behavioral consequences. The second, the macro level, pertains to the notion of collective identity that denotes the shared awareness by constituents of a society of being members of a collective. This level is founded on two pillars: One pillar consists of generic features that characterize the collective identity. These features apply to macro-level collectives and allow a comparison among them. The other pillar is particular and consists of content characteristics that provide the unique features of the collective identity. The conceptual framework is applied to the analysis of the national collective identity as a case example. The contributions and implications of the described conception are discussed.
Shape optimization analysis of adhesive interface under multiaxial stress state using failure function with stress invariants

The present paper proposes a shape optimization of the adhesive interface to improve the strength of adhesive structure under a multiaxial stress state. Its strength was evaluated by the failure function based on the first invariant of stress tensor I1 and the second invariant of deviatoric stress tensor J2, which has been discussed in the related previous paper. We defined a sum of squares of the failure function as an objective function in the optimization. Two types of the adhesive material properties, which put the major weights on only I1 and J2, respectively, were numerically examined. As a multi-material structure model bonded by the adhesive, a thin-walled butt-jointed cylinder was employed to avoid stress concentration at free edges in the adhesive layer. Three kinds of loadings were applied: only tension, only torsion, and a tension-torsion combined load. The shape of optimal adhesive layer according to each condition was in good agreement with the simplified theoretical solution. The kinked part of the optimal adhesive interface necessary for the pipe configuration was also reasonable to diminish the stress concentration around the corner. The obtained optimal shapes for the two typical adhesive material properties suggest that the present optimization method would be applicable dependent to the adhesive material parameters under multiaxial stress states.
Swinging and tumbling of elastic capsules in shear flow

The deformation of an elastic micro-capsule in an infinite shear flow is studied numerically using a spectral method. The shape of the capsule and the hydrodynamic flow field are expanded into smooth basis functions. Analytic expressions for the derivative of the basis functions permit the evaluation of elastic and hydrodynamic stresses and bending forces at specified grid points in the membrane. Compared to methods employing a triangulation scheme, this method has the advantage that the resulting capsule shapes are automatically smooth, and few modes are needed to describe the deformation accurately. Computations are performed for capsules with both spherical and ellipsoidal unstressed reference shape. Results for small deformations of initially spherical capsules coincide with analytic predictions. For initially ellipsoidal capsules, recent approximate theories predict stable oscillations of the tank-treading inclination angle, and a transition to tumbling at low shear rate. Both phenomena have also been observed experimentally. Using our numerical approach we can reproduce both the oscillations and the transition to tumbling. The full phase diagram for varying shear rate and viscosity ratio is explored. While the numerically obtained phase diagram qualitatively agrees with the theory, intermittent behaviour could not be observed within our simulation time. Our results suggest that initial tumbling motion is only transient in this region of the phase diagram.
Divergent transcriptional response to thermal stress by Anopheles gambiae larvae carrying alternative arrangements of inversion 2La

The African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is polymorphic for chromosomal inversion 2La, whose frequency strongly correlates with degree of aridity across environmental gradients. Recent physiological studies have associated 2La with resistance to desiccation in adults and thermal stress in larvae, consistent with its proposed role in aridity tolerance. However, the genetic basis of these traits remains unknown. To identify genes that could be involved in the differential response to thermal stress, we compared global gene expression profiles of heat‐hardened 2La or 2L+a larvae at three time points, for up to eight hours following exposure to the heat stress. Treatment and control time series, replicated four times, revealed a common and massive induction of a core set of heat‐shock genes regardless of 2La orientation. However, clear differences between the 2La and 2L+a arrangements emerged at the earliest (0.25 h) time point, in the intensity and nature of the stress response. Overall, 2La was associated with the more aggressive response: larger numbers of genes were heat responsive and up‐regulated. Transcriptionally induced genes were enriched for functions related to ubiquitin‐proteasomal degradation, chaperoning and energy metabolism. The more muted transcriptional response of 2L+a was largely repressive, including genes involved in proteolysis and energy metabolism. These results may help explain the maintenance of the 2La inversion polymorphism in An. gambiae, as the survival benefits offered by high thermal sensitivity in harsh climates could be offset by the metabolic costs of such a drastic response in more equable climates.
Development of health literacy scale among Brazilian mothers in Japan

Japanese-Brazilians were the third largest immigrant group in Japan in 2011. Their health issues have caused concern, as their limited language made them vulnerable by hindering access to health services. Upon considering child health, mothers' health literacy (HL) is very important. This study aimed to develop a health literacy scale among Brazilian mothers (HLSBM) in Japan. Questionnaires in Portuguese were distributed to 1474 mothers from December 2011 to March 2012. Among 698 collected, 558 questionnaires were analyzed. We prepared 29 candidate items for HLSBM based on Nutbeam's concept of functional, interactive and critical literacy. The dimensional structure was determined statistically using confirmatory factor analysis. Validity was also analyzed by Pearson's correlation with Ishikawa's scale and Kendall's coefficient of concordance among researchers. Cronbach's α coefficients were calculated to examine internal consistency. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor model (five items for basic literacy and five items for critical literacy) with sufficient goodness of fit (GFI 969, AGFI 945, NFI 959, CFI 972, RMSEA 060). The internal consistency values of the total score, basic and critical literacy sub-scales were 0.819, 0.889 and 0.667, respectively. Kendall's coefficient of concordance showed good agreement of researchers (p < 0.001). Pearson's correlation coefficients with Ishikawa's scale were 0.554 for total score, 0.446 for basic literacy and 0.472 for critical literacy. The HLSBM consisting of two factors was confirmed to be valid and reliable. The HLSBM must be useful for understanding this vulnerable group's health literacy and its associated factors.
Correlative Spectromicroscopy and Tomography for Biomedical Applications Involving Electron, Ion, and Soft X-ray Microscopies

Abstract Abstract Many important scientific and technical problems are best addressed using multiple, microscopy-based analytical techniques that combine the strengths of complementary methods. Here, we provide two examples from biomedical challenges: unravelling the attachment zone between dental implants and bone, and uncovering the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. They combine synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) with transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM), electron tomography (ET), EELS tomography, and/or atom probe tomography (APT). STXM provides X-ray absorption based chemical sensitivity at mesoscale resolution (10–30 nm), which complements higher spatial resolution electron microscopy and APT.
Optimal Envy-Free Cake Cutting

We consider the problem of fairly dividing a heterogeneous divisible good among agents with different preferences. Previous work has shown that envy-free allocations, i.e., where each agent prefers its own allocation to any other, may not be efficient, in the sense of maximizing the total value of the agents. Our goal is to pinpoint the most efficient allocations among all envy-free allocations. We provide tractable algorithms for doing so under different assumptions regarding the preferences of the agents.
THE INFLUENCE OF CASEIN SUPPLEMENTATION WITH OR WITHOUT IODINE ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY OF FAYOUMI HENS

A total number of 225 Fayoumi hens 34 weeks old , were used in this experiment to study the effect of supplementing layer diet with 0.2% casein (c) with or without 0.015% iodine as 0.02% potassium iodide (KI) in drinking water on the performance and egg quality. The experiment continued for 90 days. Birds were randomly divided into three groups , each group contained 3 replicates of 25 each . Birds in group one were served as a control and fed a basal diet are shown in Table (1), birds of group 2 were fed a basal diet supplemented with Casein at a level of 0.2%. Birols of group 3 were fed a basal diet supplemented with casein at a level of 0.2% and 0.02% (KI) in drinking water. Egg number, egg weight, feed consumption and egg quality traits were examined. Feed conversion and economic efficiency were calculated. Results obtained showed that:- 1-Addition of 0.2% Casein with or without 0.02% potassium iodide improved all productive traits, economic efficiency, Albumen index. egg shape index and increased egg contents (shell, albumen and Yolk ) percent as compared with those of control group. 2- Addition of 0.2% Casein and 0.02% potassium iodide gave higher values for most productive traits, egg quality, egg contents percent as compared with those group supplemented with 0.2% Casein only. In general, results obtained revealed that supplementing Fayoumi layers diet by 0.2% Casein with 0.02% potassium iodide in drinking water improved most of productive traits, egg quality, economic efficiency and egg contents percent as compared with those other treatments.
Bursting the dot.com "Bubble': A Case Study in Investor Behaviour

The Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter considered innovation to be the driving force of economic growth and argued that innovations were also the main cause of cyclical fluctuations in the economy, an idea now well established in the economic literature. In this paper, the authors attempt to gain insights into the behaviour exhibited by investors before and after the market correction of the newly established Internet sector--a technology with revolutionary potential--in the Spring of 2000 by structuring their analysis around the psychological themes of heuristic-driven bias, frame dependence, and inefficient prices. Linear regression models are constructed using data collected on publicly traded Internet companies, market performance both before and after the collapse of the Internet sector stock prices in an attempt to assess whether or not market returns were correlated with certain specific measures of corporate internet performance. Finally, the authors draw inferences relating to the psychology of investor behaviour during this period based upon their empirical analysis, and conclude by summarizing the managerial implications of their findings.
Quantitative analysis of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus derived from T2 mapping, diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MR imaging

Quantitative information on annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) is of interest in early diagnosis of degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) disease. In this present study, we developed a practical framework to analyse and visualise three feature maps of the IVD: the T2 relaxation time, the apparent diffusion coefficient and the anisotropy. They are derived from advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging sequences such as T2 mapping, diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor sequences. These features were quantified using regression analysis with least squares and signal intensity-based direction-oriented methods. Based on these maps, a threshold-based geometrical computing procedure was developed to compute the geometrical repartition maps. As a first case study, in vivo features of AF and NP regions of the L4/5 IVD were analysed and visualised. Practical relevance of our developed framework for a clinical purpose is discussed. In fact, our framework allows useful information of IVD to be quantified and.
Oral Health Beliefs in Diverse Populations

Using data from population-based samples of adults participating in the ICS-II USA study, and using principal components analysis, we constructed oral health belief measures corresponding to the Health Belief Model (HBM) dimensions. Tests of validity and reliability were performed. Scales measuring perceived benefit of preventive practices and seriousness of oral disease had the highest validity and reliability. We used multiple regression analysis to examine sociodemographic predictors of perceived benefits of preventive practices. Race-ethnicity and age cohort were significant predictors among Baltimore and San Antonio adults. White adults and middle-aged persons in both research locations were more likely to believe in the benefit of preventive practices. Female gender, higher educational attainment, and better self-rated health were significant indicators of more positive oral health beliefs in every research location. Results also characterize persons who place lower value on preventive practices (i.e., males, less-educated persons, and those reporting poorer self-rated health). The design of effective dental public health messages and outreach efforts requires an analysis of the individual's health orientation and the factors influencing oral health beliefs. Oral health education interventions designed to improve health beliefs should contain an evaluation component for assessing the impact of education on health practices and oral health status.
Germination failure is not a critical stage of reproductive isolation between three congeneric orchid species.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY In food-deceptive orchid species, postmating reproductive barriers (fruit set and embryo mortality) have been shown to be more important for reproductive isolation than premating barriers (pollinator isolation). However, currently there is very little knowledge about whether germination failure acts as a reproductive barrier in hybridizing orchid species. METHODS In this study, we investigated germination and protocorm development of pure and hybrid seeds of three species of the orchid genus Dactylorhiza. To test the hypothesis that germination failure contributed to total reproductive isolation, reproductive barriers based on germination were combined with already available data on early acting barriers (fruit set and embryo mortality) to calculate the relative and absolute contributions of these barriers to reproductive isolation. KEY RESULTS Protocorms were formed in all crosses, indicating that both hybrid and pure seeds were able to germinate and grow into protocorms. Also, the number of protocorms per seed packet was not significantly different between hybrid and pure seeds. High fruit set, high seed viability, and substantial seed germination resulted in very low reproductive isolation (average RI = 0.05). In two of six interspecific crosses, hybrids performed even better than the intraspecific crosses. CONCLUSIONS Very weak postmating reproductive barriers were observed between our study species and may explain the frequent occurrence of first-generation hybrids in mixed Dactylorhiza populations. Germination failure, which is regarded as one of the most important bottlenecks in the orchid life cycle, was not important for reproductive isolation.
What drives productivity loss in chronic rhinosinusitis? A SNOT‐22 subdomain analysis

Previous studies have shown declines in productivity due to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are correlated with disease‐specific quality‐of‐life (QOL) measures. However, it is unclear which symptom domains contribute primarily to productivity loss. This investigation sought to assess the association between CRS‐specific QOL subdomain impairment and productivity loss.
On the characterisation and detection of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) type cracks in railway vehicle wheels using an alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique

The development of the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique for high-speed inspection of railway wheels/track is important to ensure the integrity of railway assets. The stress and conditions at the wheel/rail contact patch, severity of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and changes in microstructure and hardness with tread depth for railway wheels are investigated. This study employs experimental measurement of RCF defects in railway wheels to understand ACFM sensor signal - RCF defect relationships. The influence of sensor frequency and speed, sensor angle relative to crack angle, lift-off distance, crack propagation angle and inter-crack spacing distance are investigated. Low rather than high frequency sensors are better suited at sizing cracks in railway wheels and track. The optimum signal is obtained when the sensor is oriented parallel to the crack angle. The signal is reduced at higher speeds. The maximum change in the normalised Bx signal component of the sensor’s magnetic field is greater for closely spaced cracks (<5 mm) and thus overestimates the defect. Inter-crack spacing distances of 15-20 mm yield estimates for crack pocket depths that are oversized by 20-36%. The inner cracks in a cluster with four defects yields higher B\(_x\) values than expected and thus significantly over sizes the defects at 15-20 mm inter-crack spacing distances, whereas, the sensor provides reasonable depth estimates for the outer cracks. Crack propagation angle affects the signal. Scans conducted with the probe oriented at 90\(^o\) to the cluster of cracks consisting of a deep central crack surrounded by shallow cracks results in a distinct central sensor B\(_x\) signal that consists of a peak due to a flux leakage effect, thus, identifying the critical defect.
Personality Factors and Symptom Reporting at Baseline in Collegiate Athletes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between personality and symptom reporting at baseline in collegiate athletes. Participants were 759 athletes who completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale and NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Results showed that neuroticism and agreeableness personality dimensions were predictive of athletes’ symptom reports at baseline.
Genome‐wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species

Patterns of adaptive variation within plant species are best studied through common garden experiments, but these are costly and time‐consuming, especially for trees that have long generation times. We explored whether genome‐wide scanning technology combined with outlier marker detection could be used to detect adaptation to climate and provide an alternative to common garden experiments. As a case study, we sampled nine provenances of the widespread forest tree species, Eucalyptus tricarpa, across an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Using a Bayesian analysis, we identified a suite of 94 putatively adaptive (outlying) sequence‐tagged markers across the genome. Population‐level allele frequencies of these outlier markers were strongly correlated with temperature and moisture availability at the site of origin, and with population differences in functional traits measured in two common gardens. Using the output from a canonical analysis of principal coordinates, we devised a metric that provides a holistic measure of genomic adaptation to aridity that could be used to guide assisted migration or genetic augmentation.
Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance in Central Vietnam

Background A social health insurance (SHI) program was implemented in Vietnam in 1992. Participation is compulsory for some groups, such as formal-sector workers and voluntary for other groups. In 2013, 68% of the total population was covered by SHI, with most enrollees from compulsory groups. Enrollment has remained low among persons whose enrollment is voluntary. As a result, households face financial risk due to high out-of-pocket payments for health care. The goal of this study is to identify willingness to pay (WTP) for the SHI scheme among persons whose enrollment is voluntary and to examine factors that influence their choice. Method Three hundred thirty-one uninsured persons from three districts and one city of Thua Thien Hue province were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire. Contingent valuation technique was used to assess the WTP among the study participants. Each individual was asked to choose the maximum premium they were willing to pay for a health insurance card per year with three copayment levels of 0, 10, and 20%. Seven premium levels were offered ranging from 0 to 900,000 Vietnamese Dong (VND) (42.12 USD). The mean WTP of respondents for each scenario was estimated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing WTP for SHI. Results The survey found that 73.1, 72.2, and 71.6%, respectively, for each copayment level, of the respondents would agree to participate in the SHI scheme and are willing to pay an annual premium of 578,926 VND (27.1 USD); 473,222 VND (22.1 USD); and 401,266 VND (18.8 USD) at the copayment levels of 0, 10, and 20%, respectively. The WTP for SHI is influenced by knowledge of SHI at all copayment levels (p value < 0.05). The more knowledge about SHI individuals have, the higher the WTP amount. Chronic disease was related to WTP only at a copayment level of 20% (p = 0.049). Conclusion Enhanced awareness of the benefits of SHI among the population should contribute to expanding SHI coverage in Vietnam.