Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facial Dimorphism in Autistic Quotient Scores

Baron-Cohen’s extreme male brain theory proposes that autism results from elevated prenatal testosterone levels. In the present study, we assessed possible correlated effects of androgen exposure on adult morphology and, in particular, the development of facial features associated with masculinity. We created composite images capturing statistical regularities in facial appearance associated with high and low Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) scores. In three experiments, we assessed correlations between perceived facial masculinity and AQ scores. In Experiment 1, observers selected the high-AQ males as more masculine. We replicated this result in Experiment 2, using different photographs, composite-image methods, and observers. There was no association of masculinity and AQ scores for female faces in either study. In Experiment 3, we created high- and low-AQ male composites from the five AQ subscales. High-AQ images were rated more masculine on each of the subscales. We discuss these findings with respect to the organizational-activational hypothesis of testosterone activity during development.
Transplanting Management

Cross-cultural organizational development and change (OD&C) is often studied from a macro perspective, which either assumes the universal transferability of methods developed in the West or criticizes this premise. This study examines cross-cultural OD&C as an arena for negotiating a “workplace culture” that mediates between global corporate culture and national cultures. The author focuses on an OD&C process of participative management conducted in 2006-2007 in the South Korean subsidiary of an Israeli-based, kibbutz-owned global corporation. Major cultural and interpersonal themes related to the OD&C process are discussed vis-à-vis their local interpretations and factors influencing the change, including lack of standard organizational procedures, mutual trust, cultural alignment, and leadership training. The article concludes by commenting on how to better understand international OD&C by challenging presumptions, such as the objective essence of comparative cultural dimensions and the presumed “national character” of subsidiary employees.
Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Perceived Exercise Intensity during High-Intensity Interval Training in Elite Youth Soccer Players

Ramadan fasting increases subjective feelings of fatigue and reduces self-motivation during exercise. Exercising in the Ramadan fasted state leads to a quality of training that is lower than normal due to a reduction in exercise intensity and/or physical efforts. This field investigation examined the impact of Ramadan fasting on perceived exercise intensity during high-intensity training sessions and its impact on maximal aerobic performance, in elite-level youth soccer players. The National Under-18 squad was organized into a fasting (FAS) and a non-fasting (control, CON) groups. During the Ramadan month, in addition to the normal soccer-specific training, both FAS and CON underwent six specific conditioning sessions consisting of high-intensity aerobic and anaerobic interval running. There were no significant differences between groups' post-exercise ratings of perceived exertion in all sessions. There were no significant differences between groups for Beep test performances at pre- and post-Ramadan. There was no adverse effect of fasting on perceived exercise intensity in Ramadan fasted players, and also no impact on their maximal aerobic performance post-Ramadan.
BTG 1 regulates glucocorticoid receptor autoinduction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a major clinical problem in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Although mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene can give rise to therapy resistance in vitro, acquired somatic mutations in the GR are rarely encountered in patients. Here we report that the protein encoded by the BTG1 gene, which is frequently deleted in (pediatric) ALL, is a key determinant of GC responsiveness. Using RNA interference, we show that loss of BTG1 expression causes GC resistance both by decimating GR expression and by controlling GR-mediated transcription. Conversely, reexpression of BTG1 restores GC sensitivity by potentiating GC-induced GR expression, a phenomenon known as GR autoinduction. In addition, the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1, a BTG1-binding partner and transcriptional coactivator, is recruited to the GR gene promoter in a BTG1dependent manner. These results implicate the BTG1/PRMT1 complex in GR-mediated gene expression and reveal that deregulation of a nuclear receptor coactivator complex can give rise to GC resistance. Further characterization of this complex as part of the GR regulatory circuitry could offer novel opportunities for improving the efficacy of GC-based therapies in ALL and other hematologic malignancies. (Blood. 2010;115(23): 4810-4819)
Evolution of unconditional dispersal in periodic environments

Organisms modulate their fitness in heterogeneous environments by dispersing. Prior work shows that there is selection against ‘unconditional’ dispersal in spatially heterogeneous environments. ‘Unconditional’ means individuals disperse at a rate independent of their location. We prove that if within-patch fitness varies spatially and between two values temporally, then there is selection for unconditional dispersal: any evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) or evolutionarily stable coalition (ESC) includes a dispersive phenotype. Moreover, at this ESS or ESC, there is at least one sink patch (i.e. geometric mean of fitness less than one) and no sources patches (i.e. geometric mean of fitness greater than one). These results coupled with simulations suggest that spatial-temporal heterogeneity is due to abiotic forcing result in either an ESS with a dispersive phenotype or an ESC with sedentary and dispersive phenotypes. In contrast, the spatial-temporal heterogeneity due to biotic interactions can select for higher dispersal rates that ultimately spatially synchronize population dynamics.
Using a Gaussian channel Twice

The problem of communicating one bit over a memoryless Gaussian channel with an energy constraint is discussed. It is assumed that the channel is allowed to be used only two times. An ideal feedback channel is also supposed available. The optimal feedback strategy and the bit-error probability are derived. It is shown that feedback gives a significant performance gain and that the optimal strategy is discontinuous. It is also shown that most of the performance increase can be obtained even with a one-bit feedback channel.
A reexamination of the role of nonhypnotic suggestibility in hypnotic responding.

An alcohol-placebo paradigm was used to measure individual differences in the tendency to have directly suggested, as well as unsuggested, alterations in experience. Using the spectral analytic technique of C. G. Balthazard and E. Z. Woody (1992), such alterations in experience were found to be differentially correlated with the easiest items of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. The results indicated that easy hypnotic performances depend on some kind of social suggestibility not unique to hypnosis, and this factor becomes less important as the difficulty of the hypnotic performances increases. The results may also shed light on hypnotic sequelae, context effects, and two-component models of hypnotic performance.
Lobar lung transplantation—Is it comparable with standard lung transplantation?

Lobar lung transplantation is used mainly for urgent small recipients who are less likely to obtain size matched lungs in due time. Only limited numbers have been published, and we herewith report the largest series of lobar‐LuTX. We analyzed our LuTX database from 1/2001 to 12/2012 and compared the outcome of lobar‐LuTX recipients with those receiving standard LuTX. Seven hundred and seventy‐eighty LuTX (group 1) were performed either in standard technique by implanting the whole lungs (n = 539) or with downsizing by wedge resection of the right middle lobe and/or the left lingula (n = 239). One hundred and thirty‐eight LuTX were performed in lobar technique (group 2) to overcome more pronounced size discrepancies. Patients in group 1 had a different spectrum of diagnoses and were less frequently bridged to LuTX (P < 0.001). Intubation time, ICU stay, and hospital stay were shorter in group 1 (P < 0.001). One‐year survival was 84.8% vs. 65.1%, and 5‐years survival 69.9% vs. 54.9% (P < 0.001). In multivariate analyzes, procedure, diagnosis, and pre‐operative bridging were shown to be significant prognostic factors in survival. Early postoperative outcome in Lobar LuTX was significantly inferior to standard LuTX recipients. However, survival rates of successfully dismissed patients were comparable with standard LuTX (P = 0.168); thereby, Lobar‐LuTX remains an important option in the management of urgent small recipients.
Racial Identity Attitudes and Ego Identity Statuses in Dominican and Puerto Rican College Students

This study explored the relation between racial identity attitudes and ego identity statuses in 94 Dominican and Puerto Rican Latino college students in an urban public college setting. Simultaneous regression analyses were conducted to test the relation between racial identity attitudes and ego identity statuses, and findings indicated that racial identity attitudes were significantly related to ego identity statuses. Specifically, internalization racial identity statuses were significantly related to foreclosed ego statuses, and dissonance racial identity statuses were significantly related to moratorium ego statuses.
A Relational Turbulence Model of Partner Responsiveness and Relationship Talk Across Cultures

This study applies the relational turbulence model to identify characteristics of romantic relationships that predict perceptions of relationship talk across cultures. Relational uncertainty and interference from partners were examined as predictors of perceived partner responsiveness and relationship talk in South Korean and American romantic relationships. We surveyed 294 individuals from South Korea (N = 138) and the United States (N = 156) about their romantic relationship. The results of a structural equation model (SEM) indicated that (a) relational uncertainty was negatively associated with perceived partner responsiveness and enacted relationship talk, and positively associated with the threat of relationship talk; (b) interference from partners was positively associated with the perceived threat of relationship talk and enacted relationship talk; and (c) perceived partner responsiveness was negatively associated with the perceived threat of relationship talk and positively associated with the enactment of relationship talk. Cultural differences emerged in paths linking relational uncertainty with the perceived threat of relationship talk and partner interference with enacted relationship talk. The results are discussed in terms of implications for extending the relational turbulence model and for understanding the dynamics of romantic relationships across cultures.
Ascription versus Achievement in Australia: Changes over Time 1965-1990

This study investigates changes between 1965 and 1990 in the influences of ascription and educational achievement on occupational attainment in Australia. A simple model of status attainment is constructed incorporating measures of both ascription and achievement processes. The model is analysed separately for men and women. During the 1970s, the effects of father's occupational status declined and the effects of education increased quite dramatically. During the 1980s, the increase in the effects of education had slowed. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the influence of education on occupational attainment was smaller for women compared to men. By the 1980s, men and women received similar returns from education. It is concluded that occupational attainment in Australia has become more based on achievement in the educational system than on ascriptive processes.
The individual, the group and society: Their psychoanalytic inquiry

Abstract Classical psychoanalysis tended to pose a sharp opposition between “internal” and “external,” arguing that the psychoanalytic inquiry should refer only to the internal, and that any attempt to interpret human affairs in terms of the external—i.e., of group, institutional, social, political, and cultural phenomena—implies leaving the strictly psychoanalytic field altogether. The author considers this to be a false dichotomy, which does not correspond with the actual functioning of human beings, since we cannot identify mind with the intrapersonal, understood as those processes which take place within the limits of an individual organism. If we define the mind field as the set of symbolization, communication, and symbolic transformation processes, it is obvious that interpersonal and transpersonal phenomena—whether group, institutional, social, or cultural—are necessarily mental. Besides, clinical observation shows that these are also subject to the conflict dynamics and defensive processes that Freud originally discovered and studied in the intrapersonal field. Therefore, most of the “external” phenomena and processes are also unconscious, both in the descriptive sense—i.e., they are out of consciousness at a given moment—and in the dynamic sense—i.e., they are kept out of consciousness as a consequence of an active effort to prevent their recognition by the subjects involved. In this phenomenon of false consciousness, there is a confluence of the Freudian concept of repression and the Marxist one of ideology. The inquiry of this unconscious dimension is the ultimate goal of psychoanalytic research. Conversely, the external is also internal, since not only is the individual psychic structure constituted from the internalization of the experience of relations that take place in the interpersonal, group, institutional, and social fields, but also the inter- and transpersonal processes pervade the individual, thus determining his or her experience and behavior, and becoming the deepest stratum of the unconscious. The individual, the group, and society thus become one and the same matrix, extending in all directions in space and time. This should be the object of the analytic inquiry.
Positive Emotions as Generators of Therapeutic Change

The purpose of this article is to highlight commonalities and facilitate links between the domains of psychotherapy and positive psychology. The authors describe the Broaden-and-Build theory and suggest that it has heuristic value for understanding psychotherapeutic processes. The authors propose that broadening represents a common factor in intrapersonal therapy that contributes to many helpful change events across different psychotherapies. The upward spiral in which positive emotions and broadening feed one another enlarges current psychotherapeutic conceptualizations by suggesting that positive emotions are not just indicators but also generators of change. The positive emotionbroadening spiral offers new avenues for research and ways to understand existing research, an alternative avenue to therapeutic change, and a method to tailor therapeutic work to individual clients. It also bridges researcher, clinician, and client points of view about key change events. Links between different viewpoints enhance therapeutic work. Links across lines of theorizing and research foster interdisciplinary ties that fertilize both fields.
Receiver operating characteristic analysis of sphincter electromyography for parkinsonian syndrome

We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the ability of sphincter electromyography (EMG) to distinguish multiple system atrophy (MSA) from other parkinsonisms. The following was determined: (1) the appropriate motor unit potential (MUP) parameter among duration, phase, and amplitude; (2) the desirable parameter of our duration criteria; that is, more than 20% MUPs having >10 ms duration (criteria a) or mean duration >10 ms (criteria b).
Organizational Justice, Trustworthiness, and Trust: A Multifoci Examination

Drawing from the extant literature on organizational justice and trust, this study examines the effects of justice perceptions on trustworthiness perceptions and interpersonal trust in authority figures. Results indicate differential effects of procedural, interpersonal and informational justice on the three components of perceived trustworthiness: ability, benevolence, and integrity. Consistent with multifoci organizational justice and social exchange theory, the effects are dependent on the authority figure being referenced and the nature of the exchange relationship between authority and subordinate. Results also indicate that trust in the proximal referent led to increased ability to focus on work-related tasks, whereas trust in the distal referent did not influence such ability to focus. Ability to focus on work-related tasks predicted organizational citizenship behaviors directed at both the organization and individuals.
‘Like a soccer camp for boys’

Boys are more physically active than girls and the greatest gender difference in children’s physical activity is found in institutional settings such as school recess. However, research on gender relations, performances and practices that maintain gendered differences in physical activity during recess is still limited. Drawing on a qualitative dataset and a social constructivist gender view, the aim of this study was to investigate how construction of gendered activity patterns and social positions in the schoolyard lead to gendered practices in self-organized play during recess. At 17 Danish schools a total of 460 minutes of recess were observed and 17 go-along group interviews (one at each school), including in total 111 fourth graders (58 girls), were conducted. We found six gender typologies with varying behaviours, needs and power relations. The majority of children were prejudiced in their play, reinforcing gender binarism with boys being more physically active than girls. However, we also found groups such as soccer-playing girls and sedentary computer gaming boys who defied the gender stereotypes. These groups felt limited in their activities because of a hierarchy where not being skilled and sporty implied a lesser status in the hegemonic masculinity and even exclusion from play. More detailed research into what is required for particularly the least active groups is needed to successfully increase both the girls’ and overall physical activity levels.
Guilty and innocent suspects’ strategies during police interrogations

Abstract Deception detection has largely failed to investigate guilty and innocent suspects’ strategies. In this study, mock suspects (n=82) were interrogated by police trainees (n=82) who either were or were not trained in the technique to strategically use the evidence (the SUE technique). Analyses revealed that guilty suspects to a higher degree than innocent suspects applied strategies in order to appear truthful. Guilty suspects reported diverse strategies, while innocent suspects reported the strategy to tell the truth like it had happened, indicating a belief in the visibility of innocence. The realism in the suspects’ expectation about how their veracity was judged was largely dependent on the way in which they had been interrogated. The truth-telling suspects who were interrogated according to the SUE technique were optimistic about being judged as truthful; this optimism was warranted as the vast majority of them were classified as truthful. The SUE technique seems to help (a) spotting guilty suspects without them being aware of it and (b) spotting innocent suspects, and they become aware of it. That innocent (but not guilty) suspects can read how the interrogator views them is advantageous for the investigative process.
Factors influencing attendance and success on the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment Associate Membership Certificate course

The Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) Associate Certificate in Environmental Management course is designed to raise the professional competence of aspiring and existing environmental practitioners. Successful completion entitles the individual to become an associate IEMA member. A dedicated evaluation model was developed for this focused research, in order to determine the factors which influence student attendance and success on the course. The methodology utilised the core elements of three academically proven training evaluation models to examine presage and process factors, the student’s reaction to the course, and changes in knowledge, attitude and understanding. A range of personal, work‐related and course‐related factors were identified. These include student motivation, previous environmental experience and preferred learning style. A negative correlation was found between examination success and the need for students to also focus on work activities while attending this course.
Do Self-Statements Enhance the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy? A Comparative Evaluation in Acrophobia

There is a clear need for more detailed analysis of the role of cognitive self-statements in virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET). To date, no research on this topic has been done. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether coping self-statements would enhance the effectiveness of VRET. In a randomized crossover design, 26 patients with acrophobia (DSM-IV diagnosis of specific phobia) were randomly assigned to two sessions of VRET followed by two sessions of VRET plus coping self-statements, or the other way around: first two sessions of VRET plus coping self-statements followed by two sessions of VRET. Results showed that VRET, regardless of addition of coping self-statements, decreased anxiety of heights, decreased avoidance of height situations, and improved attitudes towards heights. However, at 6-month follow-up, most gains during treatment were not fully retained.
Substructure in Tidal Streams: Tributaries in the Anticenter Stream

We report on the detection in Sloan Digital Sky Survey data of at least three, roughly parallel components in a 65°-long, stellar stream complex previously identified with the Monoceros Ring. The three-stream complex varies in width from 4° to 6° along its length and appears to be made up of two or more narrow substreams as well as a broader, diffuse component. The width and complexity of the stream indicate that the progenitor was likely a dwarf galaxy of significant size and mass. The stream is 8.9 kpc distant and is oriented almost perpendicularly to our line of sight. The visible portion of the stream does not pass near any known dwarf galaxies, and a preliminary orbit does not point to any viable progenitor candidates. Orbits for the narrower substreams can be modeled with velocity offsets from the broad component of ≈8 km s-1. We suggest that the broad component is likely to be the remains of a dwarf galaxy, while the narrower streams constitute the remnants of dynamically distinct components that may have included a native population of globular clusters. While the color of the main-sequence turnoff is not unlike that for the Monoceros Ring, neither the visible stream nor any reasonable projection of its orbit passes through Monoceros or Canis Major, and we conclude that this stream is probably unrelated to the overdensities found in these regions.