Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effects of size on deformable user interfaces

Deformable user interfaces have received increasing attention in recent HCI research. However, the effect of device size on deformable user interfaces has not been studied yet. This study is aimed to investigate how the size of a deformable device affects users' interaction behavior and preferences. We observed users interacting with deformable mockup displays of two different sizes. Overall, 36 participants provided 769 user-defined gestures for 11 basic commands. We compared and discussed users' preferences toward two different sizes of deformable devices. We also covered user-defined gestures and patterns of use for each device size. As a preliminary study for understanding form factors for designing deformable user interfaces, this study clearly show that the device size is an important factor to consider when designing mobile devices which can be deformed.
The decidability of certain intermediate propositional logics

Acquaintance with [11] and [8] will be assumed. Let be the alphabet →, &, ν, ┐, (,), A1, A2, … where →(I), &(C), ν (D) and ┐(N) are called the connectives. The letters appearing in parentheses are the names of the connectives. A1, A2 … are the atoms. Definition 1.1. A string S is an ICDN word iff there is a finite sequence of strings S1 … Sn = S such that for i, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, either S1 is an atom or S1 is one of the forms (S1→Sk), (S1 & Sk), (S1, ν Sk) or ┐S1,j, k ≤ i.
Insufficient evidence of benefit regarding mortality due to albumin substitution in HCC‐free cirrhotic patients undergoing large volume paracentesis

Current guidelines for clinical practice recommend the infusion of human albumin after large volume paracentesis. After inspecting the current evidence behind this recommendation, we decided to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis in order to address the effect of albumin on mortality and morbidity in the context of large volume paracentesis.
Latent Modulation: A Basis for Non-Disruptive Promotion of Two Incompatible Behaviors by a Single Network State

Behavioral states often preferentially enhance specific classes of behavior and suppress incompatible behaviors. In the nervous system, this may involve upregulation of the efficacy of neural modules that mediate responses to one stimulus and suppression of modules that generate antagonistic or incompatible responses to another stimulus. In Aplysia, prestimulation of egestive inputs [esophageal nerve (EN)] facilitates subsequent EN-elicited egestive responses and weakens ingestive responses to ingestive inputs [Cerebral-Buccal Interneuron (CBI-2)]. However, a single state can also promote incompatible behaviors in response to different stimuli. This is the case in Aplysia, where prestimulation of CBI-2 inputs not only enhances subsequent CBI-2-elicited ingestive responses, but also strengthens EN-elicited egestive responses. We used the modularly organized feeding network of Aplysia to characterize the organizational principles that allow a single network state to promote two opposing behaviors, ingestion and egestion, without the two interfering with each other. We found that the CBI-2 prestimulation-induced state upregulates the excitability of neuron B65 which, as a member of the egestive module, increases the strength of egestive responses. Furthermore, we found that this upregulation is likely mediated by the actions of the neuropeptides FCAP (Feeding Circuit Activating Peptide) and CP2 (Cerebral Peptide 2). This increased excitability is mediated by a form of modulation that we refer to as “latent modulation” because it is established during stimulation of CBI-2, which does not activate B65. However, when B65 is recruited into EN-elicited egestive responses, the effects of the latent modulation are expressed as a higher B65 firing rate and a resultant strengthening of the egestive response.
Crizotinib-Resistant ROS1 Mutations Reveal a Predictive Kinase Inhibitor Sensitivity Model for ROS1- and ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancers

Background: The identification of molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a key step to improve therapeutic results for patients with oncogene addiction. Several alterations leading to EGFR and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) resistance to TKI therapy have been described in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Only two mutations in the ROS1 kinase domain responsible for crizotinib resistance have been described in patients thus far. Methods: A patient suffering from a metastatic NSCLC harboring an ezrin (EZR)–ROS1 fusion gene developed acquired resistance to the ALK/ROS1 inhibitor crizotinib. Molecular analysis (whole-exome sequencing, CGH) and functional studies were undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of resistance. Based on this case, we took advantage of the structural homology of ROS1 and ALK to build a predictive model for drug sensitivity regarding future ROS1 mutations. Results: Sequencing revealed a dual mutation, S1986Y and S1986F, in the ROS1 kinase domain. Functional in vitro studies demonstrated that ROS1 harboring either the S1986Y or the S1986F mutation, while conferring resistance to crizotinib and ceritinib, was inhibited by lorlatinib (PF-06463922). The patient's clinical response confirmed the potency of lorlatinib against S1986Y/F mutations. The ROS1 S1986Y/F and ALK C1156Y mutations are homologous and displayed similar sensitivity patterns to ALK/ROS1 TKIs. We extended this analogy to build a model predicting TKI efficacy against potential ROS1 mutations. Conclusions: Clinical evidence, in vitro validation, and homology-based prediction provide guidance for treatment decision making for patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC who progressed on crizotinib. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 5983–91. ©2016 AACR.
Human Plasmin Enzymatic Activity Is Inhibited by Chemically Modified Dextrans*

Some synthetic dextran derivatives that mimic the action of heparin/heparan sulfate were shown to promote in vivo tissue repair when added alone to wounds. These biofunctional mimetics were therefore designated as “regenerating agents” in regard to their in vivo properties.In vitro, these biopolymers were able to protect various heparin-binding growth factors against proteolytic degradation as well as to inhibit the enzymatic activity of neutrophil elastase. In the present work, different dextran derivatives were tested for their capacity to inhibit the enzymatic activity of human plasmin. We show that dextran containing carboxymethyl, sulfate as well as benzylamide groups (RG1192 compound), was the most efficient inhibitor of plasmin amidolytic activity. The inhibition of plasmin by RG1192 can be classified as tight binding hyperbolic noncompetitive. One molecule of RG1192 bound 20 molecules of plasmin with a K i of 2.8 × 10− 8 m. Analysis with an optical biosensor confirmed the high affinity of RG1192 for plasmin and revealed that this polymer equally binds plasminogen with a similar affinity (K d = 3 × 10− 8 m). Competitive experiments carried out with 6-aminohexanoic acid and kringle proteolytic fragments identified the lysine-binding site domains of plasmin as the RG1192 binding sites. In addition, RG1192 blocked the generation of plasmin from Glu-plasminogen and inhibited the plasmin-mediated proteolysis of fibronectin and laminin. Data from the present in vitroinvestigation thus indicated that specific dextran derivatives can contribute to the regulation of plasmin activity by impeding the plasmin generation, as a result of their binding to plasminogen and also by directly affecting the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
The TAM-family receptor Mer mediates production of HGF through the RhoA-dependent pathway in response to apoptotic cells

The receptor protein tyrosine kinases Tyro3, Axl, and Mer play important roles in macrophage function. Study of the induction of HGF during the interaction of macrophages with apoptotic cells shows that only Mer is responsible for mediating transcriptional HGF production through a RhoA-dependent pathway.
Free T4 is negatively correlated with body mass index in euthyroid women

Background/Aims Overt thyroid dysfunction is well known to affect weight. However, the influence of normal-range changes in thyroid status on body mass index (BMI) is unclear. We sought to evaluate thyroid function (free T4, TSH) and its possible relationship with BMI and lipid profiles in euthyroid subjects. Methods A total of 1572 euthyroid women (mean age 46.2 years) who visited Daegu Catholic University Medical Centre for primary health screening participated in this cross-sectional study. Women who were not euthyroid and women who took thyroid medication were excluded. TSH, free T4, and lipid profile [total-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C] were evaluated. Results Obese euthyroid women had lower free T4 levels than did lean euthyroid women. After adjustment for age and smoking, free T4, but not TSH, was significantly negatively correlated with BMI. After adjustment for age, smoking, and BMI, free T4 was negatively correlated with TG to a significant degree. Conclusions We demonstrated a negative correlation between free T4 within the normal range and BMI in euthyroid subjects. These findings suggest that low free T4 is associated with obesity in euthyroid subjects.
Reference Pattern-Aware Instant Memory Balancing for Consolidated Virtual Machineson Manycores

Memory contention among consolidated VMs on the same hardware has created the need for repetitive memory balancing operations. In an attempt to provide a prompt memory balancing mechanism, we found problems with the retardation of memory reallocation by the reclamation delay. The scheduling of the VMs and their VCPUs generates the delay, the dirtiness of the candidate pages for balancing makes the delay fluctuated, and a conflict of two reclamation policies between the guest OS and the hypervisor deteriorates the application performance. As a remedy to these problems, we propose HyperDealer2 (HD2), which selects the victim pages based on the reference patterns of clean pages, reclaims them with hypervisor-level paging, and reallocates those pages with explicit ballooning of the recipient guest OS. HD2 eliminates the involvement of victim VMs in memory reclamation and extends the dwell time of reclaimed pages in the reclaimed state. Consequently, HD2 significantly reduces the time taken to reallocate memory with a low overhead and enhances the value of additional memory for the recipient VMs. The experimental results of HD2 show that the execution time of memory-intensive applications in the recipient VM is reduced by up to 50 percent in spite of less than 2 percent performance penalty.
Scalable object-tracking through unattended techniques (SCOUT)

A scalable object location service can enable users to search for various objects in an environment where many small, networked devices are attached to objects. We investigate two hierarchical, self-configuring or unattended approaches for an efficient object location service. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages based on the anticipated load. The first approach, SCOUT-AGG, is based on aggregation of object names. The second approach, SCOUT-MAP, is based on indirection, where information about an object is stored at the locator sensor for the object. The relative efficiency of SCOUT-AGG and SCOUT-MAP can be characterized by the query to mobility, update rate of the system. SCOUT-AGG performs better for low query to update rate but its performance deteriorates in general relative to SCOUT-MAP as the queries to update rate increases. The rate of performance deterioration depends on query specificity (i.e., queries for a specific object or for any object of a particular type). SCOUT-MAP generally exhibits better load balancing than SCOUT-AGG for various scenarios. We support the above results through simple analytical modeling and simulation.
Crosstalk Channel Estimation via Standardized Two-Port Measurements

The emerging multiuser transmission techniques for enabling higher data rates in the copper-access network relies upon accurate knowledge of the twisted-pair cables. In particular, the square-magnitude of the crosstalk channels between the transmission lines are of interest for crosstalk-mitigation techniques. Acquiring such information normally requires dedicated apparatus since crosstalk-channel measurement is not included in the current digital subscriber line (DSL) standards. We address this problem by presenting a standard-compliant estimator for the square-magnitude of the frequency-dependent crosstalk channels that uses only functionality existing in today's standards. The proposed estimator is evaluated by laboratory experiments with standard-compliant DSL modems and real copper access network cables. The estimation results are compared with both reference measurements and with a widely used crosstalk model. The results indicate that the proposed estimator obtains an estimate of the square-magnitude of the crosstalk channels with a mean deviation from the reference measurement less than 3 dB for most frequencies.
Seeding of Normal Tau by Pathological Tau Conformers Drives Pathogenesis of Alzheimer-like Tangles*

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer disease and related tauopathies are composed of insoluble hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, but the mechanisms underlying the conversion of highly soluble Tau into insoluble NFTs remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that introduction of minute quantities of misfolded preformed Tau fibrils (Tau pffs) into Tau-expressing cells rapidly recruit large amounts of soluble Tau into filamentous inclusions resembling NFTs with unprecedented efficiency, suggesting a “seeding”-recruitment process as a highly plausible mechanism underlying NFT formation in vivo. Consistent with the emerging concept of prion-like transmissibility of disease-causing amyloidogenic proteins, we found that spontaneous uptake of Tau pffs into cells is likely mediated by endocytosis, suggesting a potential mechanism for the propagation of Tau lesions in tauopathy brains. Furthermore, sequestration of soluble Tau by pff-induced Tau aggregates attenuates microtubule overstabilization in Tau-expressing cells, supporting the hypothesis of a Tau loss-of-function toxicity in cells harboring NFTs. In summary, our study establishes a cellular system that robustly develops authentic NFT-like Tau aggregates, which provides mechanistic insights into NFT pathogenesis and a potential tool for identifying Tau-based therapeutics.
Massively Parallel Tumor Multigene Sequencing to Evaluate Response to Panitumumab in a Randomized Phase III Study of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: To investigate whether EGF receptor (EGFR) pathway mutations predicted response to monotherapy with panitumumab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, in a randomized phase III study of metastatic colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: Using massively parallel multigene sequencing, we analyzed 320 samples for 9 genes, with multigene sequence data from 288 (90%) samples. Results: Mutation rates were: KRAS (45%), NRAS (5%), BRAF (7%), PIK3CA (9%), PTEN (6%), TP53 (60%), EGFR (1%), AKT1 (<1%), and CTNNB1 (2%). In the randomized study and open-label extension, 22 of 138 (16%) wild-type KRAS (codons 12/13/61) patients versus 0 of 103 mutant KRAS (codons 12/13) patients had objective responses. Of 6 mutant KRAS (codon 61) patients, 1 with a Q61H mutation achieved partial response during the extension. Among wild-type KRAS (codons 12/13/61) patients, 0 of 9 patients with NRAS mutations, 0 of 13 with BRAF mutations, 2 of 10 with PIK3CA mutations, 1 of 9 with PTEN mutations, and 1 of 2 with CTNNB1 mutations responded to panitumumab. No patients responded to best supportive care alone. Panitumumab treatment was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) among wild-type KRAS (codons 12/13/61) patients [HR, 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28–0.56]. Among wild-type KRAS patients, a treatment effect for PFS favoring panitumumab occurred in patients with wild-type NRAS (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.27–0.56) and wild-type BRAF (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.24–0.55) but not mutant NRAS (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 0.44–8.44). Conclusions: These results show the feasibility and potential clinical use of next-generation sequencing for evaluating predictive biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res; 19(7); 1902–12. ©2012 AACR.
Role of the father.

Fathers make definite contributions to infant development and are now spending more time with their children than in many past decades. This article reviews the most compelling research on the developmental importance of fathers, including father-infant attachment and interaction, and differences between maternal and paternal interaction styles. Results of a long-term study of primary caregiving fathers also are presented.
Antiherpetic Effects of Gynura procumbens

The ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens showed virucidal and antireplicative actions against herpes simplex virus HSV-1 and HSV-2. It was further chromatographed on MCI gel CHP20P column giving the extract fractions F1 (water), F2 (water-methanol) F3 (methanol), and F4 (ethyl acetate). All but F1 had virucidal action against both viral types. We reported here the active compounds from F2 and F3. The antiherpetic compounds of F2 was a mixture of dicaffeoylquinic acids with virucidal and antireplicative actions against HSV-2 (IC50 96.0 and 61.0 μg/mL, resp.) Virucidal compounds of F3 were a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (IC50 250.0 μg/mL against HSV-1), a mixture of β-sitosteryl and stigmasteryl glucosides (IC50 50.0 μg/mL against HSV-2) and 1, 2-bis-dodecanoyl-3-α-D-glucopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (IC50 of 40.0 μg/mL against HSV-2). Herbal products containing 1 and 2% of standardized ethanol extract were prepared. Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the products was performed in patients with recurrent herpes labialis. Results showed that the number of patients, whose lesions healed within 7 days and the average healing time of both groups differed insignificantly. Viral culture on D7 indicated a decrease of infected patients from 48.7% to 7.69% in treated group whereas in placebo group the infected patients decreased from 31.25% to 20.00%. The viral reduction in treated group indicated the benefit of the product. Insignificant result might arise from a low number of participated patients and insufficient concentration of plant extract in herbal product.
Top-down induction of logical decision trees

Top-down induction of decison trees (TDIDT) is a very popular machine learning technique. Up till now, it has mainly used for propositional learning, but seldomly for relational learning or inductive logic programming. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of logic decision trees, which make it possible to use TDIDT in inductive logic programming. An implementation of this top-down induction of logic decision trees, the TILDE system, is presented and experimentally evaluated. Top-down Induction of Logical Decision Trees Hendrik Blockeel and Luc De Raedt Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Computer Science Celestijnenlaan 200A 3001 Heverlee e-mail: fHendrik.Blockeel, Luc.DeRaedtg@cs.kuleuven. ac.be January 21, 1997 Abstract Top-down induction of decision trees (TDIDT) is a very popular machine learning technique. Up till now, it has mainly been used for propositional learning, but seldomly for relational learning or inductive logic programming. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of logical decision trees, which make it possible to use TDIDT in inductive logic programming. An implementation of this top-down induction of logical decision trees, the Tilde system, is presented and experimentally evaluated.
Regular Exercise Enhances Task-Based Industriousness in Laboratory Rats

Individuals vary greatly in their willingness to select and persist in effortful tasks, even when high-effort will knowingly result in high-reward. Individuals who select and successively complete effortful, goal-directed tasks can be described as industrious. Trying to increase one’s industriousness is desirable from a productivity standpoint, yet intrinsically challenging given that effort expenditure is generally aversive. Here we show that in laboratory rats, a basic physical exercise regimen (20 min/day, five days/week) is sufficient to increase industriousness across a battery of subsequent testing tasks. Exercised rats outperformed their non-exercised counterparts in tasks designed to tax effort expenditure, strategic decision-making, problem solving and persistence. These increases in performance led to quicker reward obtainment and greater reward gain over time, and could not be accounted for simply by increased locomotor activity. Our results suggest that a basic exercise regimen can enhance effortful goal-directed behaviour in goal-directed tasks, which highlights a potential productivity benefit of staying physically active.
Rhythmic Ganglion Cell Activity in Bleached and Blind Adult Mouse Retinas

In retinitis pigmentosa – a degenerative disease which often leads to incurable blindness- the loss of photoreceptors deprives the retina from a continuous excitatory input, the so-called dark current. In rodent models of this disease this deprivation leads to oscillatory electrical activity in the remaining circuitry, which is reflected in the rhythmic spiking of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It remained unclear, however, if the rhythmic RGC activity is attributed to circuit alterations occurring during photoreceptor degeneration or if rhythmic activity is an intrinsic property of healthy retinal circuitry which is masked by the photoreceptor’s dark current. Here we tested these hypotheses by inducing and analysing oscillatory activity in adult healthy (C57/Bl6) and blind mouse retinas (rd10 and rd1). Rhythmic RGC activity in healthy retinas was detected upon partial photoreceptor bleaching using an extracellular high-density multi-transistor-array. The mean fundamental spiking frequency in bleached retinas was 4.3 Hz; close to the RGC rhythm detected in blind rd10 mouse retinas (6.5 Hz). Crosscorrelation analysis of neighbouring wild-type and rd10 RGCs (separation distance <200 µm) reveals synchrony among homologous RGC types and a constant phase shift (∼70 msec) among heterologous cell types (ON versus OFF). The rhythmic RGC spiking in these retinas is driven by a network of presynaptic neurons. The inhibition of glutamatergic ganglion cell input or the inhibition of gap junctional coupling abolished the rhythmic pattern. In rd10 and rd1 retinas the presynaptic network leads to local field potentials, whereas in bleached retinas additional pharmacological disinhibition is required to achieve detectable field potentials. Our results demonstrate that photoreceptor bleaching unmasks oscillatory activity in healthy retinas which shares many features with the functional phenotype detected in rd10 retinas. The quantitative physiological differences advance the understanding of the degeneration process and may guide future rescue strategies.
Laboratory tests on rammed earth samples of earthen sites instilled by reinforcement material SH

The earthen sites in the northwest arid area of China are suffering from surface weathering heavily. Currently, the main way to solve the difficulty depends on the researches on anti-weathering materials and their engineering reinforcement and repair. However, the researches on anti-weathering materials cannot satisfy the practical engineering at present. The penetration diameter and the distribution and changing characteristics of penetration rate on the surface of the rammed samples are studied when they are instilled by different concentrations of SH as well as the change of wave velocity and the disintegration on the wall after penetration. The test results indicate that the optimal grouting capacity of a single hole is 30~40 mL, the instilling penetration at this time is about 300 min, and the final surface penetration radius is 3~4 cm. After instilled by SH, the wave velocity and the anti-disintegration of the samples obviously increase, especially for the 1.0% SH. ©, 2015, Chinese Society of Civil Engineering. All right reserved.