Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrepancy between Clinical and Final Pathological Evaluation Findings in Early Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Purpose Early gastric cancer cases that are estimated to meet indications for treatment before endoscopic submucosal resection are often revealed to be out-of-indication after the treatment. We investigated the short-term treatment outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer according to the pretreatment clinical endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with early gastric cancer that met the pretreatment endoscopic submucosal resection indications, from 2004 to 2011. Curative resection rate and proportion of out-of-indication cases were compared according to the pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Pre-endoscopic submucosal resection factors associated with out-of-indication in the final pathological examination were analyzed. Results Of 756 cases, 660 had absolute and 96 had expanded pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. The curative resection rate was significantly lower in the patients with expanded indications (64.6%) than in those with absolute indications (81.7%; P<0.001). The cases with expanded indications (30.2%) were revealed to be out-of-indication more frequently than the cases with absolute indications (13.8%; P<0.001). Age of >65 years, tumor size of >2 cm, tumor location in the upper-third segment of the stomach, and undifferentiated histological type in pre-endoscopic submucosal resection evaluations were significant risk factors for out-of-indication after endoscopic submucosal resection. Conclusions Non-curative resection due to out-of-indication occurred in approximately one-third of the early gastric cancer cases that clinically met the expanded indications before endoscopic submucosal resection. The possibility of additional surgery should be emphasized for patients with early gastric cancers that clinically meet the expanded indications.
mir-660-p53-mir-486 Network: A New Key Regulatory Pathway in Lung Tumorigenesis

Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with limited therapeutic options and rapid development of drug resistance. MicroRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that control different physiological processes, have been associated with cancer development, as either oncomiRNAs or tumor-suppressor miRNAs. In the present study we investigated the interaction between mir-486-5p and mir-660-5p, two independent tumor-suppressor miRNAs, to assess their possible role and synergistic effect in lung cancer treatment. Our data show that mir-660-5p over-expression in A549 lung cancer cells induced a remarkable increase in mir-486-5p expression level and activity, detected as a reduction of its target gene, p85. mir-486-5p expression was confirmed by microRNA in situ hybridization. mir-660-5p modulated mir-486-5p through the silencing of Mouse Double Minute 2 (MDM2), one of its direct target, and then through p53 stimulation. This regulatory pathway was effective in A549, but not in H1299; therefore, only in the context of a functional p53 protein. Our findings support the conclusion that mir-486-5p is positively regulated by mir-660-5p in lung cancer cell lines, through the mir-660-MDM2-p53 pathway, making mir-660-5p even more interesting for its potential successful use in lung cancer therapy.
ON FREE ROTA–BAXTER ALGEBRAS

A Rota–Baxter algebra, also known as a Baxter algebra, is an algebra with a linear operator satisfying a relation, called the Rota–Baxter relation, that generalizes the integration by parts formula. Most of the studies on Rota–Baxter algebras have been for commutative algebras. Free commutative Rota–Baxter algebras were constructed by Rota and Cartier in the 1970s. A later construction was obtained by Keigher and one of the authors in terms of mixable shuffles. Recently, noncommutative Rota–Baxter algebras have appeared both in physics in connection with the work of Connes and Kreimer on renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory, and in mathematics related to the work of Loday and Ronco on dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras. We give explicit constructions of free noncommutative Rota–Baxter algebras in various contexts. Our strategy is to obtain these free objects from Rota–Baxter algebra structures on classes of trees and forests. Elements of free Rota–Baxter algebras are expressed in terms of angularly decorated planar rooted forests. This furthers our understanding of free Rota–Baxter algebras and facilitates their further study. Such a forest interpretation then translates naturally into one in terms of bracketed words, which has already appeared in special cases in our recent study of dendriform algebras, thereby making the relation between Rota–Baxter algebras and dendriform algebras more transparent.
Multichannel recursive-least-square algorithms and fast-transversal-filter algorithms for active noise control and sound reproduction systems

There has been much research on active noise control (ANC) systems and transaural sound reproduction (TSR) systems. In those fields, multichannel FIR adaptive filters are extensively used. For the learning of FIR adaptive filters, recursive-least-squares (RLS) algorithms are known to produce a faster convergence speed than stochastic gradient descent techniques, such as the basic least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm or even the fast convergence Newton-LMS, the gradient-adaptive-lattice (GAL) LMS and the discrete-cosine-transform (DCT) LMS algorithms. In this paper, multichannel RLS algorithms and multichannel fast-transversal-filter (FTF) algorithms are introduced, with the structures of some stochastic gradient descent algorithms used in ANC: the filtered-x LMS, the modified filtered-x LMS and the adjoint-LMS. The new algorithms can be used in ANC systems or for the deconvolution of sounds in TSR systems. Simulation results comparing the convergence speed, the numerical stability and the performance using noisy plant models for the different multichannel algorithms are presented, showing the large gain of convergence speed that can be achieved by using some of the introduced algorithms.
Splitting and mood congruent recall of previously self-referenced trait adjectives: Is there a relationship?

representation of past experience with personal data.A more formal definition of self is to view it as a list of terms or features that have been derived from a lifetime of experience" (p. 677). They also noted that "in order for self-reference to be such a useful encoding process, the self must be a uniform, well-structured concept" (p. 686). Interpreted in this light, Bower's finding that judging information in relation to their mothers also produced powerful mnemonic effects in subjects, is particularly interesting. This agrees with notions of psychodynamic theorists who suggest that we all have internal representations of both ourselves and significant others. While in normal individuals, we would expect these internal representations or self-schema to be relatively stable and complex, in borderlines we would expect that these self representations are less stable and are affect bound. That is, borderlines should demonstrate less mnemonic advantage of self-referencing than others when their mood at recall differs from that during the selfreferencing process.
A Data Model and A Query Language for Object-Oreinted Databases

We present an object-oriented data model, and a powerful declarative query language. The data model eliminates the object-versus-values dichotomy by representing all entities as objects. This is achieved at no loss of modeling power, or performance. The data model provides for private ownership of objects by other objects. The operational part of the data model is also simple. We present a rule-based query language called OQL (Object Query Language) based on the data model. OQL creates and manipulates objects without explicitly referring to object identifiers. It is statically typed, and capable of creating new objects of arbitrary types. It can express recursive queries, eliminate duplicates, manipulate mixture of tuple-valued, set-valued and list-valued objects, and express queries involving inheritance trees. We present an object-algebra, an assignment operator, and a REPEAT-UNTIL loop construct which are used to implement OQL. Reduction of OQL to algebra, assignment operation, and loop construct, and reduction of algebra, assignment operation, and loop construct to OQL are also discussed.
Syntax-based Deep Matching of Short Texts

Many tasks in natural language processing, ranging from machine translation to question answering, can be reduced to the problem of matching two sentences or more generally two short texts. We propose a new approach to the problem, called Deep Match Tree (DeepMatch$_{tree}$), under a general setting. The approach consists of two components, 1) a mining algorithm to discover patterns for matching two short-texts, defined in the product space of dependency trees, and 2) a deep neural network for matching short texts using the mined patterns, as well as a learning algorithm to build the network having a sparse structure. We test our algorithm on the problem of matching a tweet and a response in social media, a hard matching problem proposed in [Wang et al., 2013], and show that DeepMatch$_{tree}$ can outperform a number of competitor models including one without using dependency trees and one based on word-embedding, all with large margins
Expression Data

Data clustering techniques have been applied to extract information from gene expression data for two decades. A large volume of novel clustering algorithms have been developed and achieved great achievement. However, due to the various structures and intensive noise, there is no reliable clustering approach can be applied to all gene expression data. In this paper, the problem of revealing robust overlapping co-clustering is identified in the presence of noise. Instead of requiring all objects in a cluster have identical attribute order, this system requires that (1) at least a certain fraction of the objects have identical attribute order; (2) other objects in the cluster may deviate from the consensus order by up to a certain fraction of attributes
Survey of the tachyonic lump in bosonic string field theory

We study some properties of the tachyonic lumps in the level truncation scheme of bosonic cubic string field theory. We find that several gauges work well and that the size of the lump as well as its tension is approximately independent of these gauge choices at level (2,4). We also examine the fluctuation spectrum around the lump solution, and find that a tachyon with α'm2 = −0.96 and some massive scalars appear on the lump world-volume. This result strongly supports the conjecture that a codimension 1 lump solution is identified with a D-brane of one lower dimension within the framework of bosonic cubic string field theory.
Research, part of a Special Feature on Understanding Adaptive Capacity in Forest Governance Factors Influencing Adaptive Capacity in the Reorganization of Forest Management in Alaska

Several studies of U.S. National Forests suggest that declines of their associated forest products industries were driven by synergistic changes in federal governance and market conditions during the late 20th century. In Alaska, dramatic shifts in the economic and political settings of the Tongass National Forest (Tongass) drove changes in governance leading to collapse of an industrial forest management system in the early 1990s. However, 15 years since collapse, the reorganization of Tongass governance to reflect 'new' economic and political realities has not progressed. To understand both the factors that hinder institutional change (inertia) and the factors that enable progress toward reorganization (adaptation), I analyzed how Tongass forest management, specifically timber sale planning, has responded to changes in market conditions, local industry structure, and larger-scale political governance. Inertia was evidenced by continued emphasis on even-aged management and large-scale harvesting, i.e., the retention of an industrial forestry philosophy that, in the current political situation, yields mostly litigation and appeals, and relatively few forest products. Adaptation was evidenced by flexibility in harvest methods, a willingness to meet local demand instead of political targets, and a growing degree of cooperation with environmental advocacy groups. New partnerships, markets, and political leaders at state and national levels can frame a new blueprint for reorganization of Tongass management toward a more sustainable future.
Smoothed Aggregation Multigrid for the Discontinuous Galerkin Method

The aim of this paper is to investigate theoretically as well as experimentally an algebraic multilevel algorithm for the solution of the linear systems that arise from the discontinuous Galerkin method. The smoothed aggregation multigrid, introduced by Vanek for the conforming finite element method, is applied to low-order discretizations of convection-diffusion equations. For the elliptic model problem the algorithm is shown to be quasi-optimal. Adjustments for the case of nonvanishing advection, such as directionally implicit smoothing and a suitable splitting of the operator, are discussed. Several numerical experiments are presented for two-dimensional problems, including a Newton-type linearization of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.
Preparation and properties of aromatic polyester/TiO2 nanocomposites from polyethylene terephthalate

The development of polyester based materials with enhanced properties as well as the use of post- consumer plastics as raw material has been an increasing market demand. This work aims the synthesis and characterization of aromatic polyesters/titanium dioxide nanocomposites from PET and using TiO2 (0, 1, 3 and 5% w/w) as filler by in situ polymerization. The results obtained by DSC, XRD and FTIR analyzes evidenced an interaction between the OH groups on the TiO2 surface with the ester groups of the polymer leading to decrease of the polymer crystallinity and of hydrophilicity. By SEM images was possible to note a homogeneous distribution of the filler into polymer matrix with 1%w/w TiO2 (average particle size of 199 nm), however for larger amounts of filler (3 and 5% TiO2) revealed the aggregates formation. The results showed an improvement of thermal properties and hardness of the nanocomposites containing TiO2 nanoparticles compared to pristine polyester.
Determination of Volatiles in Beer using Solid-Phase Microextraction in Combination with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Kleinova J., Klejdus B. (2014): Determination of volatiles in beer using solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Czech J: Food Sci., 32: 241–248. Headspace solid phase microextraction and purge and trap analysis were used for the determination of volatiles in beer. These methods were compared with the analysis of unconcentrated gas phase and liquid extraction. Solid phase microextraction proved to be the most useful and was investigated more closely. Volatiles were isolated by the means of different combinations of sorbents, sorption was performed at various temperatures and times. The addition of salt to the sample and stirring of the sample were examined to enhance the analyte concentration in the gas phase. Ultrasonic bath and filtration were tested to remove carbon dioxide. Not all methods improved the sorption of volatiles. Stirring was characterised by low repeatability and ultrasonic bath causes to the loss of volatile analytes. Distribution constants of volatiles depend on their boiling points and thus different sorption temperatures are suitable for different substances.
The motivating effects of distraction on task performance.

Two studies were conducted to assess whether distraction has drivelike effects on task performance. In both, the effects of distraction over all trials interacted significantly with the nature of the task; jlistraction tended to facilitate the performances of simple tasks and signirkantiy~impaired performance on complex tasks. Moreover, analyses focusing upon drive carryover effects generally replicated these effects; when distraction was momentarily suspended, performance on simple tasks was facilitated in both studies (compared to nondistraction controls, joint p<.OS), whereas performance on the complex task used in Study 2 was still impaired. Results of Study 2 indicate that lack of impairment on the complex task in Study 1 on such trials was due to practice effects of repeated testing. These results indicate that distraction (a) has drivelike properties and (b) does not invariably impair performance. These results are discussed in terms of recent research and theorizing in the area of social facilitation.
Towards an adaptive minimum variance control scheme for specimen drift compensation in transmission electron microscopes

Transmission electron microscopes are the tools of choice in materials science, semiconductor, and biological research and it is expected that they will be increasingly used to autonomously perform high-volume, repetitive, nano-measurements in the near future. Thus, there is a clear need to develop automation strategies for these microscopes. This paper introduces an adaptive minimum variance control scheme to compensate specimen drift, a common cause of image blurring in long-exposure images. The controller, which is new in the electron microscope literature, makes use of ARMASA, a statistical toolbox designed to identify linear models from finite-length data sets, to generate ARMA models of the drift process ‘on-the-fly’. These models are then used as part of a controller designed to reduce the drift variance. The benefits of the proposed scheme, which can be quite substantial, are illustrated through a set of simulations that use a model of the drift present in a sequence of experimental images.
FACEBOOK IN HIGHER EDUCATION: CONTRIBUTIONS TO SENSE OF LEARNING AND SENSE OF CONNECTEDNESS

Facebook constitutes one category of social networking media that is growing in prominence in the lives of university students. Because of its collaborative capabilities, it has found its way into the delivery of higher education courses. Advocates claim that Facebook-enhanced courses facilitate an increased sense of learning and sense of connectedness, compared to non-enhanced courses. This study analyzes the responses of 243 students using a survey methodology in an independent measures experimental research design. The responses of students exposed to Facebook-enhanced business courses were compared with those in non-Facebook-enhanced courses. The courses were offered by instructors at two different universities. Students’ attitudes toward the community of practice (CoP) that evolved in their classrooms, sense of learning, and sense of connectedness serve as the dependent variables. The incorporation of Facebook into students’ courses serves as the independent variable. It was found that students in the Facebook-enhanced courses experienced a more positive CoP, greater sense of learning, and greater sense of connectedness compared to students in non-Facebook-enhanced courses. Implications for teaching are discussed.
The Credit Spread Puzzle - Myth or Reality?

Many papers find that standard structural models predict corporate bond spreads that are too low compared to actual spreads, givin rise to the so-called credit spread puzzle. We show that the puzzle derives in large part from strong biases and low statistical power in commonly adopted approaches to testing the models. The biases are due to Jensen's inequality and arise when tests are carried out on a representative firm rather than on individual firms. Using data on individual firms during 2002-2012 we quantify the size of the bias in spread predictions and find it to be particularly severe for high-quality firms and short-maturity bonds. The problem of low statistical power arises because ex-post realized default frequency - often used to calibrate models - is a very poor estimate of ex-ante default probability. Finally, we test the Merton model via a bias-free approach using around 400,000 transactions in the period 2002-2012. We find that the Merton model captures both the average level and time series variation of the long-term BBB-AAA spread.
ENSO- and Rainfall-Sensitive Vegetation Regions in Indonesia as Identified from Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing Data

Ongoing global warming has triggered extreme climate events of increasing magnitude and frequency. Under this effect, a series of extreme climate events such as drought and increased rainfall during the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are expected to be amplified in the coming years. Adequate mapping of regions with climate-sensitive vegetation and its associated time lag is required for appropriate mitigation planning to avoid potential negative ecological impacts towards vegetation. In this study, ENSO and climate indicator time series data, for example, Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data for rainfall were linked with long-term time series vegetation proxies from remote sensing (RS proxies). ENSO- and rainfall-sensitive areas were identified from each RS proxy using the bivariate Granger test, and the areas identified by multiple RS proxies were taken to identify climate-sensitive regions in Indonesia. Of the biome types in Indonesia, savanna was the most sensitive, with approximately 53% of the total savanna area in Indonesia shown to be sensitive to ENSO and rainfall by two or more RS proxies. Rolling correlation analysis also found that the ENSO effect on the vegetation region after rainfall was positively correlated with the RS proxies with a time lag of +5 months. Therefore, rainfall can be taken as a proxy of the effects of ENSO on the temporal dynamics of sensitive vegetation regions in Indonesia.
Characterization of GaN-based HEMTs as varactor diode devices

Varactors fabricated in 0.5 μm and 0.15 μm GaN HEMT technologies (National Research Council of Canada's GaN500 and GaN150 processes) are investigated. The devices were analyzed and characterized via DC and RF small-signal measurements up to 20 GHz. The drain and source terminals were connected, thus realizing a GaN-based heterojunction barrier varactor diode structure without changing the epitaxial masks and layers of the GaN processes. The Cmax/Cmin ratios are about 2.4 and 3.7, while the maximum cut-off frequencies are 419.2 GHz and 770.6 GHz for GaN500 and GaN150, respectively. The varactors are modeled by a simple physical equivalent circuit, and good agreement is obtained with measurements.
Thermodynamic and Dynamic Mechanisms for Large-Scale Changes in the Hydrological Cycle in Response to Global Warming*

Abstract The mechanisms of changes in the large-scale hydrological cycle projected by 15 models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 and used for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report are analyzed by computing differences between 2046 and 2065 and 1961 and 2000. The contributions to changes in precipitation minus evaporation, P − E, caused thermodynamically by changes in specific humidity, dynamically by changes in circulation, and by changes in moisture transports by transient eddies are evaluated. The thermodynamic and dynamic contributions are further separated into advective and divergent components. The nonthermodynamic contributions are then related to changes in the mean and transient circulation. The projected change in P − E involves an intensification of the existing pattern of P − E with wet areas [the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and mid- to high latitudes] getting wetter and arid and semiarid regions of the subtropics g.