Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field of the transition current system: dawn-dusk asymmetry

In this paper we consider the interactions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with the Earth's magnetosphere for the specific case in which there is a sharp increase in the dynamic pressure (interplanetary shock) that is associated with a simultaneous northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) from the near horizontal direction. Previously, we have shown that under such circumstances, the so-called transition current systems arise. These temporary high-latitude current systems create a low-latitude asymmetric magnetic field on the ground with a large northward field enhancement on the nightside and little or no field increase near local noon. Here we investigate the dawn-dusk asymmetry of the low-latitude on-ground magnetic field of the transition current system caused by the IMF. Analysis of the Region 1 current circuit for northward IMF shows a change in its shape controlled by different IMF components. Due to this geometrical effect, the maximum and minimum magnetic field disturbances appear to be shifted. The obtained results supplement and define more precisely the locations of the magnetic disturbance extrema retrieved recently by Clauer et al. (2001). The results of this study are compared with the available observations. A good accordance is demonstrated.
AZFc deletion detected in a newborn with prenatally diagnosed Yq deletion

A case of prenatally diagnosed Yq deletion is described. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used to identify the abnormal chromosome and to exclude mosaicism. Based on the cytogenetic result and the ultrasound investigation the pregnancy was continued. A newborn with normal male genitalia was delivered. Microdeletion analysis of the Yq showed the absence of the AZFc region. This type of deletion has been described as being associated with azoospermia or oligozoospermia with a progressive decrease of sperm number over time. Long‐term andrological follow‐up of the newborn will be necessary with eventual cryoconservation of sperm at early adulthood. The present report proposes that AZF analysis combined with FISH has an important role in accurate genetic counselling in sex chromosome anomalies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-term medical costs and resource utilization in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: a five-year analysis of a large medicaid population.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the long-term direct medical costs and health care utilization for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a subset of SLE patients with nephritis. METHODS Patients with newly active SLE were found in the MarketScan Medicaid Database (1999-2005), which includes all inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, and pharmaceutical claims for more than 10 million Medicaid beneficiaries. The date a patient became newly active was defined as the earliest observed SLE diagnosis code, with a 6-month clean period prior to the diagnosis. This method identified 2,298 patients with a consecutive followup of 5 years. A reference group of patients without SLE was constructed using propensity score matching. Nephritis was assessed based on diagnosis and procedure codes involving the kidney. RESULTS Mean annual medical costs for SLE patients totaled $16,089 at year 1, which is significantly greater (by $6,831) than that for reference patients. Costs decreased slightly at year 2 but then increased yearly at an average rate of 16% through year 5, to $23,860. SLE patients without nephritis (n = 1,809) had costs $967-3,756 higher than the reference patients. SLE patients with nephritis (n = 489) had costs $13,228-34,907 greater than the reference group. Inpatient visits for the nephritis subgroup were 0.6-1.0 per capita, which are approximately twice the rate for all SLE patients and 3 to 4 times higher than the reference group. CONCLUSION SLE is a costly condition to treat. Medical expenses incurred by SLE patients increase steadily over time, particularly for patients with nephritis.
Transcytosis of Murine-Adapted Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents in an In Vitro Bovine M Cell Model

ABSTRACT Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), are fatal neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals. BSE appears to have spread to cattle through the consumption of feed contaminated with BSE/scrapie agents. In the case of an oral infection, the agents have to cross the gut-epithelial barrier. We recently established a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) that can differentiate into the M cell type in vitro after lymphocytic stimulation (K. Miyazawa, T. Hondo, T. Kanaya, S. Tanaka, I. Takakura, W. Itani, M. T. Rose, H. Kitazawa, T. Yamaguchi, and H. Aso, Histochem. Cell Biol. 133:125-134, 2010). In this study, we evaluated the role of M cells in the intestinal invasion of the murine-adapted BSE (mBSE) agent using our in vitro bovine intestinal epithelial model. We demonstrate here that M cell-differentiated BIE cells are able to transport the mBSE agent without inactivation at least 30-fold more efficiently than undifferentiated BIE cells in our in vitro model. As M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium are known to have a high ability to transport a variety of macromolecules, viruses, and bacteria from gut lumen to mucosal immune cells, our results indicate the possibility that bovine M cells are able to deliver agents of TSE, not just the mBSE agent.
Thermal ablation therapeutics based on CNx multi-walled nanotubes

We demonstrate that nitrogen doped, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNx-MWNT) result in photo-ablative destruction of kidney cancer cells when excited by near infrared (NIR) irradiation. Further, we show that effective heat transduction and cellular cytotoxicity depends on nanotube length: effective NIR coupling occurs at nanotube lengths that exceed half the wavelength of the stimulating radiation, as predicted in classical antenna theory. We also demonstrate that this radiation heats the nanotubes through induction processes, resulting in significant heat transfer to surrounding media and cell killing at extraordinarily small radiation doses. This cell death was attributed directly to photothermal effect generated within the culture, since neither the infrared irradiation itself nor the CNx-MWNT were toxic to the cells.
A Report of 27 Cases of Congenital Short Colon with an Imperforate Anus: So-Called ‘Pouch Colon Syndrome’

This is a retrospective study of 27 cases of congenital short colon with anorectal malformation (pouch colon syndrome) treated during the last 5 years (from January 1991 to December 1995). The radiological feature of enormously dilated colonic pouch occupying more than half the width of abdomen was diagnostic in almost all cases. Excision of pouch and end enterostomy was associated with maximum survival (92.3%) in good risk patients. Proximal diverting enterostomy with decompression and irrigation of pouch is a preferable alternative to pouch colostomy in poor risk patients. Tapering coloplasty and colostomy should be reserved only for types I and II cases of pouch colon.
Involvement in and views on social responsibility of Gauteng members

How do physiotherapists in Gauteng Province,who are members of the South African Society of Physiotherapy(SASP), view social responsibility? A cross-sectional survey was conducted after ethics approval.All 1 098 Gauteng members of the SASP were invited via a thirdpartye-mail to reach the a priori minimum sample size of 97. Theweb-based questionnaire was developed from literature, an earlierSASP survey and a position paper of the American Physical TherapyAssociation (APTA). Five experts validated the instrument.The Likert scale scores indicating agreement with indicatorsof social responsibility were totalled to form a composite socialresponsibility score. The chi-square test for independence was used to determine associations between the categorisedcomposite social responsibility score and categorical variables. Mean difference of continuous variables betweenthe categorised core for two groups were tested using the two-sample t-test. All variables with a P-value less than0.05 were included in the logistic regression analysis to investigate predictors of the necessity of social responsibility.The survey was completed by 163 participants. Of the sample, 96.9% viewed social responsibility as important.Subjects agreed most with “advocating for the health needs of society” (74,2%) and the least with “political activism”(6.1%). Compulsory community service positively influenced 74.6%. Most physiotherapists in the study viewed social responsibility as important and were involved in volunteering.There is scope to broaden the understanding among physiotherapists of what social responsibility entails.
Cold Shock Induction of Thermal Sensitivity inListeria monocytogenes

ABSTRACT Cold shock at 0 to 15°C for 1 to 3 h increased the thermal sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes. In a model broth system, thermal death time at 60°C was reduced by up to 45% afterL. monocytogenes Scott A was cold shocked for 3 h. The duration of the cold shock affected thermal tolerance more than did the magnitude of the temperature downshift. The Z values were 8.8°C for controls and 7.7°C for cold-shocked cells. TheD values of cold-shocked cells did not return to control levels after incubation for 3 h at 28°C followed by heating at 60°C. Nine L. monocytogenes strains that were cold shocked for 3 h exhibited D60 values that were reduced by 13 to 37%. The D-value reduction was greatest in cold-shocked stationary-phase cells compared to cells from cultures in either the lag or exponential phases of growth. In addition, cold-shocked cells were more likely to be inactivated by a given heat treatment than nonshocked cells, which were more likely to experience sublethal injury. The D values of chloramphenicol-treated control cells and chloramphenicol-treated cold-shocked cells were no different from those of untreated cold-shocked cells, suggesting that cold shock suppresses synthesis of proteins responsible for heat protection. In related experiments, theD values of L. monocytogenes Scott A were decreased 25% on frankfurter skins and 15% in ultra-high temperature milk if the inoculated products were first cold shocked. Induction of increased thermal sensitivity in L. monocytogenes by thermal flux shows potential to become a practical and efficacious preventative control method.
Does More Education Always Lead to Better Health? Evidence from Rural Malaysia

Background. Education is usually associated with improvement in health; there is evidence that this may not be the case if education is not fully utilised at work. This study examines the relationship between education level, occupation, and health outcomes of individuals in rural Malaysia. Results. The study finds that the incidence of chronic diseases and high blood pressure are higher for tertiary educated individuals in agriculture and construction occupations. This brings these individuals into more frequent contact with the health system. These occupations are marked with generally lower levels of education and contain fewer individuals with higher levels of education. Conclusions. Education is not always associated with better health outcomes. In certain occupations, greater education seems related to increased chronic disease and contact with the health system, which is the case for workers in agriculture in rural Malaysia. Agriculture is the largest sector of employment in rural Malaysia but with relatively few educated individuals. For the maintenance and sustainability of productivity in this key rural industry, health monitoring and job enrichment policies should be encouraged by government agencies to be part of the agenda for employers in these sectors.
Complexity and Bounded Rationality in Individual Decision Problems

I develop a model of endogenous bounded rationality due to search costs, arising implicitly from the problem's complexity. The decision maker is not required to know the entire structure of the problem when making choices but can think ahead, through costly search, to reveal more of it. However, the costs of search are not assumed exogenously; they are inferred from revealed preferences through her choices. Thus, bounded rationality and its extent emerge endogenously: as problems become simpler or as the benefits of deeper search become larger relative to its costs, the choices more closely resemble those of a rational agent. For a fixed decision problem, the costs of search will vary across agents. For a given decision maker, they will vary across problems. The model explains, therefore, why the disparity, between observed choices and those prescribed under rationality, varies across agents and problems. It also suggests, under reasonable assumptions, an identifying prediction: a relation between the benefits of deeper search and the depth of the search. As long as calibration of the search costs is possible, this can be tested on any agent-problem pair. My approach provides a common framework for depicting the underlying limitations that force departures from rationality in different and unrelated decision-making situations. Specifically, I show that it is consistent with violations of timing independence in temporal framing problems, dynamic inconsistency and diversification bias in sequential versus simultaneous choice problems, and with plausible but contrasting risk attitudes across small- and large-stakes gambles.
Feedback control of particle dispersion in bluff body wakes

We address the problem of imposing particle dispersion, or mixing, in the wake of a bluff body by means of feedback control. The only means of actuation is a pair of blowing and suction slots located on the cylinder wall, and the only means of sensing is a collection of pressure sensors, also located on the cylinder wall. Numerical simulations show that a very simple static feedback control law suppresses vortex shedding at Reynolds number Re = 60, and more interestingly, also enhances particle dispersion when run in destabilizing mode. At Re = 45, for which natural vortex shedding does not occur, the control law run in destabilizing mode effectively initiates vortex shedding, which in turn leads to significantly enhanced particle dispersion. Simulations suggest that the actuation slots should be placed well ahead of the separation point, and that the performance of the controller is quite insensitive to the direction of the jets.
Figures and Tables

We investigate the relation between long run takeover performance and board share ownership in the acquiring company for a sample of 142 UK takeovers completed between 1985-95. We find evidence of a non-linear relationship both between board ownership and takeover profitability, and between board ownership and post-takeover share returns. We cast the analysis in a simultaneous equations framework using non-linear twostage least squares, and find that our results are robust to this alternative specification. The results are therefore consistent with a managerial alignment / entrenchment trade-off.
The prize and the price: Shaping sexualities in South Africa

The prize and the price. Negotiating new deals: Colouring sexualities - how some black South African schoolgirls respond to racial and gendered inequalities glamour, glitz and girls - the meanings of femininity in high school matric ball culture in urban South Africa e-race-ing the line - South African interracial relationships yesterday and today . Flipping the coin: renegotiating masculinity in the lowveld: narratives of male-male sex in compounds, prisons and at home fauna, flora and fucking - female sex safaris in South Africa are blind people better lovers? sexuality in later life. Paying the price: The weather watchers: gender, violence and social control in South Africa nurturing the sexuality of disabled girls: the challenges of parenting for mothers a decent place? space and morality in a former 'poor white' suburb less is (m)orr: apres le deluge (or rather: more or less .): an essay about and conversation with Margaret Orr. Holding onto the prize: heterosex among young South Africans: research reflections apartheid, anti-apartheid and post-apartheid sexualities 'astride a dangerous dividing line': a discourse analysis of preschool teachers' talk about childhood sexuality. Que(e)rying the contract: Criminalising the act of sex: attitudes to adult commercial sex work in South Africa queer marriage: sexualising citizenship and the development of freedoms in South Africa beyond the constitution: from sexual rights to belonging.
A wideband 2.4-GHz delta-sigma fractional-NPLL with 1-Mb/s in-loop modulation

A phase noise cancellation technique and a charge pump linearization technique, both of which are insensitive to component errors, are presented and demonstrated as enabling components in a wideband CMOS delta-sigma fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL has a loop bandwidth of 460 kHz and is capable of 1-Mb/s in- loop FSK modulation at center frequencies of 2402 + k MHz for k = 0, 1, 2, . , 78. For each frequency, measured results indicate that the peak spot phase noise reduction achieved by the phase noise cancellation technique is 16 dB or better, and the minimum suppression of fractional spurious tones achieved by the charge pump linearization technique is 8 dB or better. With both techniques enabled, the PLL achieves a worst-case phase noise of -121 dBc/Hz at 3-MHz offsets, and a worst-case in-band noise floor of -96 dBc/Hz. The PLL circuitry consumes 34.4 mA from 1.8-2.2-V supplies. The IC is realized in a 0.18-/spl mu/m mixed-signal CMOS process, and has a die size of 2.72 mm /spl times/ 2.47 mm.
TDP‐43: new aspects of autoregulation mechanisms in RNA binding proteins and their connection with human disease

The maintenance of correct protein homeostasis (‘proteostasis’) is an essential activity of mammalian cells to preserve their vital properties and functions. Because of its importance, correct proteostasis is achieved by the cell in several ways and at several levels of each gene expression pathway. In many cases, mRNA‐autoregulatory pathways based on a variety of feedback mechanisms have been observed to play a major role in keeping their concentration under control. This is especially true for RNA binding proteins because of their potential ability to bind their own pre‐mRNA molecules, and in particular for two subsets of nuclear factors that are commonly referred to as heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins and serine–arginine‐rich proteins. Regarding the mechanism, nonsense‐mediated RNA degradation triggered by alternative splicing of their own messenger RNA is a very common autoregulation pathway to maintain constant expression levels within the cellular environment. Recently, however, alternative mechanisms other than nonsense‐mediated decay have also been described to play a role for other RNA binding protein factors: serine–arginine‐rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) and transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP‐43). The aim of this minireview will be to discuss these old and new autoregulatory processes and their implication in disease development.
Kinetics of Plasma Viremia and Soluble Nonstructural Protein 1 Concentrations in Dengue: Differential Effects According to Serotype and Immune Status

We describe the magnitude and kinetics of plasma viremia and nonstructural protein 1 (sNS1) levels in sequential samples from 167 children with acute dengue, enrolled early in a community study in Vietnam. All children recovered fully, and only 5 required hospitalization. Among those with dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1), plasma viremia was significantly greater in primary (49) than secondary (44) infections and took longer to resolve. In primary DENV-2 and 3 infections, viremia was significantly lower than among primary DENV-1 infections. Concentrations of sNS1 were significantly higher for DENV-1 than for DENV-2 after adjusting for viremia, with marked differences in the kinetic profiles between primary and secondary infections. Secondary infection and higher viremia were independent predictors of more severe thrombocytopenia, and higher viremia was associated with a small increase in hemoconcentration. Our findings identify clear serotype and immune-status related effects on the dynamics of dengue viremia and sNS1 responses, together with associations with important clinical parameters.
Characteristics of follicular evacuation during human ovulation

Our objectives were to determine the rate and extent of follicular evacuation during human ovulation. Female volunteers were given 5000 or 10 000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovulation when a follicle reached 18–20 mm. Ovulations were observed via transvaginal ultrasonography and recorded. Images were digitized for computer‐assisted analysis. Areas of the follicles, taken to reflect follicular volume, were measured at specific time intervals from the moment of the first leakage of fluid until complete follicular evacuation. Twenty‐five ovulations were visualized. In 23 cases (92%) all of the follicular fluid was expelled, but in two cases the follicle failed to empty completely. In all complete ovulations the initial fluid loss was rapid. The time to reach 70% evacuation was 0.9 ± 0.3 min (± SEM). The remaining fluid leaked out more slowly; the mean time to complete follicular evacuation was 6.1 ± 1.1 min. There was considerable variability in the rates of ovulation (range 6 s to 18.5 min). An association was observed between the type of stigma formed prior to ovulation and the initial rate of fluid loss. The data provide evidence of variability during follicular evacuation, which may in turn influence the successful expulsion of the oocyte from the follicle. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A novel UWB radar 2-D imaging method with a small number of antennas for simple-shaped targets with arbitrary motion

The study of UWB (Ultra Wide-Band) pulse radar has attracted great interest in a variety of applications including surveillance systems. The high-speed SEABED (Shape Estimation Algorithm based on BST and the Extraction of Directly scattered waves) imaging algorithm, is a promising candidate for the application of UWB pulse radar in fields that require real-time operation. However, since the SEABED algorithm uses signals received at multiple locations, it can only be used in systems with either array antennas or a mechanically-scanned antenna. Such systems are inevitably costly and unrealistic for applications such as surveillance. To overcome this problem, a revised SEABED algorithm was developed, which relies on the motion of the target instead of scanning an antenna. This imaging method works with only a pair of fixed antennas, even for a target with unknown shape and motion. The method cannot, however, be applied to arbitrary motion, because it assumes that the target is located on a straight line parallel to the baseline of the pair of antennas. In this paper, we extend the revised SEABED algorithm so that an accurate imaging can be achieved when applied to arbitrary target motion.