Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Assessment of Right Heart Function and Hemodynamics During Exercise in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Objectives Noninvasive assessment of right heart function and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is most often performed at rest, whereas the symptoms, in general, present with exertion. Assessment during exertion is limited to symptom assessment and the 6-minute walk distance. We investigated the feasibility of obtaining echocardiographic data that could accurately reflect pulmonary artery pressures (PAP), particularly mean PAP and right ventricular function during exercise in patients with PAH. Methods We investigated right ventricular function and hemodynamics using echocardiography during symptom-limited exercise in 10 consecutive patients undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC) as part of their clinical evaluation for PAH. We further assessed these measurements for correlation with known predictors of outcome in PAH in an exploratory analysis. Results We were able to successfully obtain complete right heart measurements by echocardiography, including mean PAP, in the majority (9 of 10) of the subjects. One patient had an incomplete tricuspid regurgitation jet at rest and with exercise. Echocardiographic pulmonary vascular resistance correlated with RHC cardiac output and brain natriuretic peptide level, whereas tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion during exercise correlated with right atrial pressure on RHC, brain natriuretic peptide, and 6-minute walk distance. Tricuspid regurgitation velocity and mean PAP with exercise correlated moderately with mean PAP and cardiac output by RHC. Conclusions Exercise echocardiography can provide meaningful data in patients with PAH, including measuring mean PAP. The presence of correlations in this small number of patients indicates promising targets for future investigation.
Trust as a Social Reality

Although trust is an underdeveloped concept in sociology, promising theoretical formulations are available in the recent work of Luhmann and Barber. This sociological version complements the psychological and attitudinal conceptualizations of experimental and survey researchers. Trust is seen to include both emotional and cognitive dimensions and to function as a deep assumption underwriting social order. Contemporary examples such as lying, family exchange, monetary attitudes, and litigation illustrate the centrality of trust as a sociological reality. In recent years, sociologists have begun to treat trust as a sociological topic (e.g., Conviser; Garfinkel; Haas and Deseran; Henslin; Holzner; Strub and Priest; Weigert,a,b). Indeed, two short and powerful books, Niklas Luhmann's Trust and Pauoer (1979) and Bernard Barber's The Logic and Limits of Trust (1983), have placed trust at the center of sociological theorizing about contemporary society. Nevertheless, we agree with Luhmann's lament that there is a "regrettably sparse literature which has trust as its main theme within sociology" (8). There is a large quantity of research on trust by experimental psychologists and political scientists, which, however, appears theoretically unintegrated and incomplete from the standpoint of a sociology of trust. These researchers typically conceptualize trust as a psychological event within the individual rather than as an intersubjective or systemic social reality. They also tend to use methodological approaches that reduce trust to its cognitive content through psychometric scaling techniques or to its behavioral expressions in laboratory settings. Luhmann and Barber, on the other hand, present trust as an irreducible and multidimiensional so
Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives

Summary The development of new antimalarial drugs is an urgent priority considering the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. A series of pyrazoles are described as part of efforts directed toward the synthesis of some potent antimalarial agents. The replacement of the ester group as a substituent in the pyrazole ring by nitrile group caused a precipitous loss of activity as antimalarial due to the lack of hydrogen-bond formation. Further modification of the heterocyclic ring to give substituted aryl derivatives afforded potent antimalarial derivatives: methyl 5 amino-3-anisidinepyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 3a (IC50: 0.149 µmol/1) and methyl 5-amino-3-(m anisidin)pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 3c (IC50: 0.15 µmol/1). The synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SAR), X-ray crystallography and pharmacological activity associated with these series of compounds are discussed.
Imaging and scoring in ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the prototype of the spondyloarthritides (SpA), is a disease subset but also a possible outcome of the SpA. Early diagnosis of sacroiliitis, the most frequent clinical symptom often accompanied by inflammatory back pain, and other inflammatory lesions of the spine such as spondylitis and spondylodiscitis, can be visualized early by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Chronic changes such as syndesmophytes are well detected by conventional x-rays of the spine, mostly lateral, in the lumbar spine also a.p. Active spinal inflammation can be demonstrated by MRI by using either the fat saturating STIR technique or by application of the contrast agent gadolinium-DTPA. This is especially useful in early and active disease, in young women and in children, and for the differential diagnosis of septic sacroilitis. Because of the efficacy of the novel biologic agents directed against TNFalpha such as infliximab and etanercept in SpA there is a need for spinal imaging techniques that are more sensitive than conventional x-rays. The available scoring tools are limited in their sensitivity to change. Novel approaches using MRI have been recently proposed.
Are explanations always important?: a study of deployed, low-cost intelligent interactive systems

Intelligent interactive systems (IIS) have great potential to improve users' experience with technology by tailoring their behaviour and appearance to users' individual needs; however, these systems, with their complex algorithms and dynamic behaviour, can also suffer from a lack of comprehensibility and transparency. We present the results of two studies examining the comprehensibility of, and desire for explanations with deployed, low-cost IIS. The first study, a set of interviews with 21 participants, reveals that i) comprehensibility is not always dependent on explanations, and ii) the perceived cost of viewing explanations tends to outweigh the anticipated benefits. Our second study, a two-week diary study with 14 participants, confirms these findings in the context of daily use, with participants indicating a desire for an explanation in only 7% of diary entries. We discuss the implications of our findings for the design of explanation facilities.
Exploring Resiliency Within Schools

Although research has explored the effects of protective factors on fostering resiliency within individuals, the same level of inquiry has not emerged investigating the causes of why high-risk organizations are resilient to serious violent delinquency. One type of organization that seems particular appropriate for research inquiry is the school. Using a sample of 307 school principals from the School Survey on Crime and Safety, this study investigates how protective factors are individually and cumulatively related to resiliency against serious violence within schools. The findings indicate schools may be more reactive than proactive in their efforts to remain resilient. The theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Global Solutions of Variational Models with Convex Regularization

We propose an algorithmic framework for computing global solutions of variational models with convex regularity terms that permit quite arbitrary data terms. While the minimization of variational problems with convex data and regularity terms is straightforward (using, for example, gradient descent), this is no longer trivial for functionals with nonconvex data terms. Using the theoretical framework of calibrations, the original variational problem can be written as the maximum flux of a particular vector field going through the boundary of the subgraph of the unknown function. Upon relaxation this formulation turns the problem into a convex problem, although in a higher dimension. In order to solve this problem, we propose a fast primal-dual algorithm which significantly outperforms existing algorithms. In experimental results we show the application of our method to outlier filtering of range images and disparity estimation in stereo images using a variety of convex regularity terms.
Acculturation, Respect for Cultural Differences, and Biculturalism Among Three Generations of Mexican American and Euro American School Children

Abstract In this study, we examined acculturation, respect for cultural differences, and biculturalism among first-, second-, and third-generation Mexican American and Euro American school children. Teachers' ratings of children's classroom behavior were used as measures of acculturation, respect for cultural differences, and biculturalism. Results showed first-generation children to be most integrated with the Mexican American culture and third-generation children to be the most integrated with Euro American culture. In addition, there were no differences in respect for cultural differences between the groups of Mexican American and Euro American children. Finally, first-generation children were the most bicultural group of Mexican Americans. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of children's bicultural identity.
Feminist Generations: The Persistence of the Radical Women's Movement

Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Radical Feminism in Columbus, Ohio 2. The Evolution of Radical Feminist Identity 3. Changers and the Changed: Radical Feminists in the Reagan Years 4. Keeping the Faith: Working for Social Change 5. United We Stand: The Impact of the Women's Movement on Other Social Movements 6. Feminists in the "Postfeminist" Age: The Women's Movement in the 1980s 7. The Next Wave Conclusion: Persistence and Transformation of Social Movements Appendix: Women's Movement Organizations and Dates, Columbus, Ohio Notes Index
Combined Effects of High-heeled Shoes and Load Carriage on Gait and Posture in Young Healthy Women

The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of high-heeled shoes and load carriage on gait and posture adaptation. Furthermore, the adaptation of gait and posture to the combined two conditions was examined by a comparison of the measured parameters between experienced and novice groups. 30 participants underwent a quantitative measurement of temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of hip, knee, and ankle on both loaded and unloaded limbs using 3D motion analysis. Double support time and stride length increased during high-heeled gait and the magnitude of alteration was greater with a load. Increased plantarflexion was main cause of raised heel. Ankle plantarflexor moment increased with high-heeled but decreased with load carriage. As a result, plantarflexor moment diminished, in addition knee extensor moment exaggerated further. Hip extensor moment increased with heel height but not with load weight, however, hip angle was affected only by the load.
Perceived Injustice and School Violence

We examine the effect of perceived school fairness on one’s likelihood of participating in school violence and how social support influences this relationship. General strain theory (GST) and procedural justice theory suggest that when students perceive unfairness in school rules or treatment from teachers, they will be more likely to participate in violence. GST proposes that the strength of these relationships may be reduced by social support. Data from the 2009 School Crime Supplement of the National Crime Victimization Survey show that students who perceive unfair treatment from teachers are more likely to bring a weapon to school and fight at school than are students who believe that their teachers are fair. Students who perceive that rules are unfair are more likely to bring a weapon to school than are students who believe rules are fair. Perceived support from adults at school reduces the impact of teacher/rule unfairness on school violence.
Mechanism of the protective effect of phenylephrine pretreatment against irradiation-induced damage in the submandibular gland

Irradiation is a fundamental treatment modality for head and neck malignancies. However, a significant drawback of irradiation treatment is the irreversible damage to salivary glands in the radiation field. Although the protective effect of phenylephrine pretreatment on salivary glands following irradiation has previously been demonstrated, the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective mechanisms of phenylephrine pretreatment in rat submandibular glands following irradiation. Rats were locally irradiated using a linear accelerator in the head and neck region with a single dose of 20 Gy. Phenylephrine (5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min prior to irradiation and the submandibular glands were collected on day 7 after irradiation. In comparison with the control group, the irradiation-only group demonstrated severe atrophy, enhanced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. The phenylephrine-pretreated group, however, demonstrated markedly alleviated atrophy, further increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis compared with the irradiation-only group. The data indicated that the cytoprotective mechanisms of phenylephrine pretreatment in the submandibular gland following irradiation may be related to improved cell proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis.
Multiculturalism and Immigration in Post-Soviet Russia

This paper addresses some social and psychological issues concerning multiculturalism and immigration in post-Soviet Russia, which is one of the most multicultural societies in the world. The paper begins by describing the current cultural and immigrant diversity in Russia, and then provides a short description of Russian immigrants and the social and psychological problems that immigrants and the larger society face. We present the conceptual framework and findings from empirical studies that examine the reciprocal acculturation and intercultural relations between migrants and members of the larger society. We analyze these studies with respect to their relevance to three hypotheses that have been advanced for examining intercultural relations: the multiculturalism hypothesis; the integration hypothesis; and contact hypothesis. Findings of the studies showed that measures of security, identity, perceived threat/discrimination have a significant relationship with ethnic tolerance, mutual attitudes, accult.
Approaches to Learning: A study of first-year geography undergraduates

This paper reports the findings of a survey conducted to investigate how a cohort of geography undergraduates approach learning. The learning approaches they adopt and how their perceived confidence levels change after one year in higher education are discussed. The students were exposed to a geography-based skills-development programme which emphasised a deep approach to learning. Results demonstrate that, although students' confidence levels in their ability to study and learn improved, they became increasingly instrumental in their approach to learning.
Moving Cultures: The Perilous Problems of Cultural Dichotomies in a Globalizing Society.

The accelerating process of globalization and the increasing interconnections between cultures involve an unprecedented challenge to contemporary psychology. In apparent contrast to these trends, academic mainstream conceptions continue to work in a tradition of cultural dichotomies (e.g., individualistic vs. collectivistic, independent vs. interdependent), reflecting a classificatory approach to culture and self Three developments are presented that challenge this approach: (a) cultural connections leading to hybridization, (b) the emergence of a heterogeneous global system, and (c) the increasing cultural complexity. By elaborating on these challenges, a basic assumption of cross-cultural psychology is questioned: culture as geographically localized. Finally, 3 themes are described as examples of an alternative approach: a focus on the contact zones of cultures rather than on their center, the complexities of self and identity, and the experience of uncertainty.
AN EXPLORATION OF WOMEN'S PERCEPTIONS AND LIVED EXPERIENCES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND ABUSE IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR PREGNANCY

This thesis reports on a qualitative study exploring women's experiences of domestic violence before, during and after pregnancy. The research employed a qualitative framework underpinned by feminist and phenomenological values and philosophy. Feminism and phenomenology were integrated in order to strengthen the philosophical foundation in an attempt to gain a richer and deeper understanding of the human lived experience. Data were collected from seventeen interviews undertaken with eleven women who had been pregnant in the previous two years, using unstructured interviews. The interviews focused on the participants’ unique accounts, appreciating their different experiences and interpretations of living with domestic violence. Thematic analysis of the data was used to identify common themes. Findings suggest the women welcomed the opportunity to talk about their own personal experiences of violence, which they believed had been triggered by their pregnancy. Only two pregnancies were planned, with almost a third of the women being coerced into motherhood by their partner. Feelings of vulnerability about themselves and their unborn babies were intensified by their partners’ continuing violence and abuse. Responsive service developments were also explored in the interviews. The women described what they would have found helpful, from healthcare professionals and services during their pregnancies.
Teaching, learning and a new profession: perceptions of trainee teachers in the post-compulsory sectors in Russia and England

Abstract Although research into post-compulsory education has increased in recent years (see, for example, Lumby 2001; Robson, 1998; Ainley & Bailey, 1997; Randle & Brady, 1997; Elliott, 1996) research that focuses on the views and perceptions of trainees about to enter the sector remains sparse. This article explores the views of trainee teachers in institutions in both Russia and England. Given the different educational structures, cultures and histories, direct comparisons are not possible but this article attempts to establish the common themes that transcend the two systems and to provide a basis for further research. The project, which was conducted in 2000-01, is based on questionnaire responses from 116 teacher trainees in St Petersburg, Russia, and Greenwich, England. Sixty of these students also took part in focus groups and interviews in March 2001. The article examines emerging similarities and differences and endeavours to identify trainees' attitudes to teaching, learning and their new profession.
The Biphobia Scale a Decade Later: Reflections and Additions

Biphobia, which has been defined as negative attitudes about bisexuality and bisexual individuals, is a psychological construct that is, at present, not well understood. Ochs described the denigration that bisexual individuals face as ‘double discrimination,’ which she defined as discrimination from both heterosexual and homosexual communities. A 30-item instrument, the Biphobia Scale, was developed to measure negative cognitions, affects and behaviors regarding bisexuality and bisexual individuals. The instrument has provided empirical support for the existence of the construct of biphobia and suggests that it exists in the heterosexual and homosexual communities. The results support the theory that bisexual individuals are subjected to ‘double discrimination. ’
Burglary Revictimization In The Long Term

Until recently, the incidence of multiple or repeat burglary victimization has been relatively neglected in crime research, despite the importance of this phenomenon some years ago. This thesis addresses the problem of repeat burglary victimization in temporal context, outlines theoretical considerations related to repeat victimization and demonstrates the overall need for development of a prevention policy. The research context, methods utilized and findings of the study are presented. The patterns in which burglary repeats concentrate temporally in Vancouver over a ten-year span are identified through analysis of 'computer assisted dispatch' (CAD) data. A time-series analysis is employed in order to assess temporal patterns for revictimizations of the same addresses. The demonstration that repeat crime victimization is concentrated at certain locations and addresses and is also temporally concentrated can provide significant benefit to public policy by guiding deployment of crime preventive resources when and where they are most needed.
Internal feature saliency as a marker of familiarity and configural processing

Two experiments that explore the internal feature advantage (IFA) in familiar face processing are reported. The IFA involves more efficient processing of internal features for familiar faces over unfamiliar ones. Experiment 1 examined the possibility of a configural basis for this effect through use of a matching task for familiar and unfamiliar faces presented both upright and upside-down. Results revealed the predicted IFA for familiar faces when stimuli were upright, but this was removed when stimuli were inverted. Experiment 2 examined the degree of training required before the IFA was demonstrated. Latency results revealed that whilst 90–180 s of exposure was sufficient to generate an IFA of intermediate magnitude, 180–270 s of exposure was required before the IFA was equivalent to that demonstrated for a familiar face. Taken together, these results offer three conclusions: First, the IFA is reaffirmed as an objective indicator of familiarity; second, the IFA is seen to rest on configural processing; and finally, the development of the IFA with familiarity indicates a development of configural processing with familiarity. As such, insight is gained as to the type of processing changes that occur as familiarity is gradually acquired.
Relationships between Objective and Subjective Performance Ratings

ABSTRACT: This study explored relationships between objective and subjectiveperformance measures in a company setting where both were weighted equally in importancefor allocating bonuses to high- and mid-level managers and professionals. We found that thecorrelation between the objective and subjective performance ratings was positive but small,which suggests no performance evaluation halo effect. Contrary to most prior studies, wefound no evidence of the a subjective rating centrality bias; the subjective performanceratings were more highly differentiated than were the objective ratings. We found noevidence of a leniency bias in the subjective performance ratings, apparently because thecompany’s mandated maximum average subjective performance rating was rigorouslyenforced. However, we did find evidence of leniency in the objective measure portion of thesystem, and that leniency was particularly high in a time of economic stress. Finally, wefound that the objective performance ratings were higher both for managers, as compared toprofessionals, and for employees at higher ranks, but they were lower for employees workingat corporate level rather than in one of the SBUs. We discuss the possible causes andimplications of these findings.