Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humor as social risk-taking: The relationships among humor styles, sensation-seeking, and use of curse words

Abstract The research investigated the view that using humor can be a form of social risk-taking, as the attempt at humor may not always be viewed positively by others. Prior research has shown that individuals’ levels of sensation-seeking, a personality variable related to risk-taking, was related to humor appreciation. Other research has shown that sensation-seeking also predicted the use of curse words, another form of verbal risk-taking. The present research tested two hypotheses: a) sensation-seeking positively relates to each of the four humor styles and b) the use of curse words also positively relates to each of the four humor styles. The results obtained from a large sample of undergraduate students partially supported the hypotheses. Multiple regression analyses using the hierarchical approach further showed that sensation-seeking predicted two of the four humor styles for men (i.e. affiliative, aggressive) and two of the four for women (i.e. aggressive and self-defeating). The use of curse words predicted variance not explained by variation in sensation-seeking in the use of the aggressive humor style in men and women and for the affiliative humor style only for men. Overall, men reported higher levels of aggressive humor, sensation-seeking, and cursing than women. Implications for theoretical perspectives on humor and social risk-taking are discussed.
Clinicopathological study of jaw cysts in southeast region of Turkey

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze clinic and radiologic features and the prevalence of jaw cysts in southeast region of Turkey. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 149 cysts of the jaw diagnosed among 407 individuals who were taken biopsy in our department from October 2008 to December 2012. All cysts were treated by enucleation, marsupialization, or combination, and all cases were histologically examined. Results: One-hundred-and-forty-eight cases were classified odontogenic, one was non-odontogenic. There were 89 cysts (59.7%) in men, 60 (40.3%) in women. The mean age was 32.72 years. We found 80 cysts (35 F, 45 M) in the maxillary and 69 (28 F, 41 M) in mandible. It is observed that 94 were radicular cysts (63%), 40 were dentigerous cysts (26.9%), 9 were odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) (6.1%), 5 were residual radicular cysts (3.4%), and 1 was nasopalatine cyst (0.6%). In radicular cysts, 56 of them (59.5%) were located in the anterior region of the jaws; 18 dentigerous cysts and 2 OKCs were found in the posterior region of mandible. Clinically, the chief complaint of patients was expansion and pain. Radiographically, scalloping of the lesion between the teeth was found in 1 case, root resorption was seen in 3 cases, and displacement of the teeth and follicles was observed in 16 cases. Conclusions: We found similar prevalence of jaw cysts that reported in the literature, in which most odontogenic cysts (OCs) were inflammatory origin.
Cambricon-F: Machine Learning Computers with Fractal von Neumann Architecture

Machine learning techniques are pervasive tools for emerging commercial applications and many dedicated machine learning computers on different scales have been deployed in embedded devices, servers, and data centers. Currently, most machine learning computer architectures still focus on optimizing performance and energy efficiency instead of programming productivity. However, with the fast development in silicon technology, programming productivity, including programming itself and software stack development, becomes the vital reason instead of performance and power efficiency that hinders the application of machine learning computers. In this paper, we propose Cambricon- F,which is a series of homogeneous, sequential, multi-layer, layer-similar, machine learning computers with the same ISA. A Cambricon-F machine has a fractal von Neumann architecture to iteratively manage its components: it is with von Neumann architecture and its processing components (sub-nodes) are still Cambricon-F machines with von Neumann architecture and the same ISA. Since different Cambricon-F instances with different scales can share the same software stack on their common ISA, Cambricon-Fs can significantly improve the programming productivity. Moreover, we address four major challenges in Cambricon-F architecture design, which allow Cambricon-F to achieve a high efficiency. We implement two Cambricon-F instances at different scales, i.e., Cambricon-F100 and Cambricon-F1. Compared to GPU based machines (DGX-1 and 1080Ti), Cambricon-F instances achieve 2.82x, 5.14x better performance, 8.37x, 11.39x better efficiency on average, with 74.5%,93.8% smaller area costs, respectively.
In Others' Shoes: Do Individual Differences in Empathy and Theory of Mind Shape Social Preferences?

Abundant evidence across the behavioral and social sciences suggests that there are substantial individual differences in pro-social behavior. However, little is known about the psychological mechanisms that underlie social preferences. This paper investigates whether empathy and Theory of Mind shape individual differences in pro-social behavior as conventionally observed in neutrally framed social science experiments. Our results show that individual differences in the capacity for empathy do not shape social preferences. The results qualify the role of Theory of Mind in strategic interaction. We do not only show that fair individuals exhibit more accurate beliefs about the behavior of others but that Theory of Mind can be effectively used to pursue both self-interest and pro-social goals depending on the principle objectives of a person.
Preference for Orientations Commonly Viewed for One’s Own Hand in the Anterior Intraparietal Cortex

Brain regions in the intraparietal and the premotor cortices selectively process visual and multisensory events near the hands (peri-hand space). Visual information from the hand itself modulates this processing potentially because it is used to estimate the location of one’s own body and the surrounding space. In humans specific occipitotemporal areas process visual information of specific body parts such as hands. Here we used an fMRI block-design to investigate if anterior intraparietal and ventral premotor ‘peri-hand areas’ exhibit selective responses to viewing images of hands and viewing specific hand orientations. Furthermore, we investigated if the occipitotemporal ‘hand area’ is sensitive to viewed hand orientation. Our findings demonstrate increased BOLD responses in the left anterior intraparietal area when participants viewed hands and feet as compared to faces and objects. Anterior intraparietal and also occipitotemporal areas in the left hemisphere exhibited response preferences for viewing right hands with orientations commonly viewed for one’s own hand as compared to uncommon own hand orientations. Our results indicate that both anterior intraparietal and occipitotemporal areas encode visual limb-specific shape and orientation information.
The News We Like Are Not the News We Visit: News Categories Popularity in Usage Data

Most of our knowledge about online news consumption comes from survey-based news market reports, partial usage data from a single editor, or what people publicly share on social networks. This paper complements these sources by presenting the first holistic study of visits across online news outlets that a population uses to read news. We monitor the entire network traffic generated by Internet users in four locations in Italy. Together these users generated 80 million visits to 5.4 million news articles in about one year and a half. This unique view allows us to evaluate how usage data complements existing data sources. We find for instance that only 16% of news visits in our datasets came from online social networks. In addition, the popularity of news categories when considering all visits is quite different from the one when considering only news discovered on social media, or visits to a single major news outlet. Interestingly, a substantial mismatch emerges between self-reported news-category preferences (as measured by Reuters Institute in the same year and same country) and their actual popularity in terms of visits in our datasets. In particular, unlike self-reported preferences expressed by users in surveys that put “Politics”, “Science” and “International” as the most appreciated categories, “Tragedies and Weird news”’ and “Sport” are by far the most visited. We discuss two possible causes of this mismatch and conjecture that the most plausible reason is the disassociation that may occur between individuals’ cognitive values and their cue-triggered attraction.
A Starburst Revealed—Luminous Radio Supernovae in the Nuclei of Arp 220

We report 18 cm VLBI continuum imaging observations of Arp 220, the prototype luminous infrared galaxy (log Lfir = 12.11 L☉). In previous work, we showed that Arp 220 has compact, high-Tb nuclear radio emission that might be interpreted as a dust-enshrouded active galactic nucleus (AGN) radio core, or, alternately, as multiple, very luminous radio supernovae from a very active nuclear starburst. In this work, we present a new 18 cm VLBI image, with 3×8 mas angular resolution, showing approximately a dozen unresolved sources, S18 cm = 0.2-1.2 mJy, within a 0. ″2 × 0. ″4 (75×150 pc) region centered on the NW nucleus of this merging system. At least two additional sources are detected in the SE nucleus. These point sources account for about 3% of the total 18 cm radio emission associated with Arp 220 and for all the estimated radio flux density with Tb > 106 K. No other 18 cm emission is detected on scales from 3 to 100 mas (1-30 pc). We interpret these compact radio sources as luminous radio supernovae of the class in which RSN 1986J is a prototype. This interpretation is consistent with a simple starburst model for the infrared luminosity of Arp 220 that has a star formation rate of 50-100 M☉ yr-1 and a luminous supernova rate, νsn = 1.75-3.5 yr-1. In this model prescription, virtually all supernova explosions in Arp 220 must result in luminous RSNe, comparable to the most luminous RSNe observed. We discuss possible mechanisms for the origin of very luminous RSNe in luminous infrared galaxies and suggest that it is likely due to the dense, compact starburst environment. Although our observations do not rule out the presence of an AGN that may contribute to the infrared luminosity in Arp 220, it is not necessary to appeal to AGN activity to account for the overall radio/infrared characteristics of Arp 220.
Attaining and Enacting Green Leadership: Insights from the Green IT Initiatives of China Mobile

For Green Information Technology (IT) initiatives to have a significant and lasting impact on the environment, they cannot be implemented in isolation. Instead, there is a need for collective action among diverse stakeholders operating in inter-organizational business networks, which in turn, demands an appropriate leadership structure. Yet, the notion of ‘Green Leadership’ has never been explored. Using a case study of the green IT initiatives of China Mobile, the largest mobile telecommunications provider in the world, this study seeks to shed light on the underlying process through which green leadership can be achieved and subsequently enacted to facilitate collective green IT initiatives. With its findings, this study presents an empirically supported process model that complements the dominant internal-oriented perspective of green IT, and provides practitioners with a useful reference for leveraging the collective resources and capabilities of their business network to contribute towards preserving the environment for future generations.
Performance of antenna tilting and beamforming in an urban macrocell

In this paper we investigate the use of very high gain antenna columns (up to twelve stacked 8dBi elements) in an urban macro-cell. We also investigate electrical downtilt, and horizontal beamforming using an array of very high gain antenna columns. In particular we investigate simultaneous beamforming and electrical downtilt. The results show that the vertical gain is close to the theoretical frees-space gain, while electrical downtilt increases the effective path-loss slope. Interestingly, the electrical downtilt also increases the azimuth RMS-angle-spread and thereby decreases the horizontal gain achievable with beamforming.
Optimal execution of portfolio trans-actions

We consider the execution of portfolio transactions with the aim of minimizing a combination of volatility risk and transaction costs arising from permanent and temporary market impact. For a simple linear cost model, we explicitly construct the efficient frontier in the space of time-dependent liquidation strategies, which have minimum expected cost for a given level of uncertainty. We may then select optimal strategies either by minimizing a quadratic utility function, or by minimizing Value at Risk. The latter choice leads to the concept of Liquidity-adjusted VAR, or L-VaR, that explicitly considers the best tradeoff between volatility risk and liquidation costs. ∗We thank Andrew Alford, Alix Baudin, Mark Carhart, Ray Iwanowski, and Giorgio De Santis (Goldman Sachs Asset Management), Robert Ferstenberg (ITG), Michael Weber (Merrill Lynch), Andrew Lo (Sloan School, MIT), and George Constaninides (Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago) for helpful conversations. This paper was begun while the first author was at the University of Chicago, and the second author was first at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter and then at Goldman Sachs Asset Management. †University of Toronto, Departments of Mathematics and Computer Science; almgren@math.toronto. edu ‡ICor Brokerage and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences; Neil.Chriss@ICorBroker.com
Determinants of self-reported smoking and misclassification during pregnancy, and analysis of optimal cut-off points for urinary cotinine: a cross-sectional study

Objectives To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with smoking and misclassification in pregnant women from INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente, Environment and Childhood) project, Spain, and to assess the optimal cut-offs for urinary cotinine (UC) that best distinguish daily and occasional smokers with varying levels of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. Design We used logistic regression models to study the relationship between sociodemographic variables and self-reported smoking and misclassification (self-reported non-smokers with UC >50 ng/ml). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate the optimal cut-off point for discriminating smokers. The cut-offs were also calculated after stratification among non-smokers by the number of sources of SHS exposure. The cut-off points used to discriminate smoking status were the level of UC given by Youden's index and for 50 and 100 ng/ml for daily smokers, or 25 and 50 ng/ml for occasional smokers. Participants At the third trimester of pregnancy, 2263 pregnant women of the INMA Project were interviewed between 2004 and 2008 and a urine sample was collected. Results Prevalence of self-reported smokers at the third trimester of pregnancy was 18.5%, and another 3.9% misreported their smoking status. Variables associated with self-reported smoking and misreporting were similar, including born in Europe, educational level and exposure to SHS. The optimal cut-off was 82 ng/ml (95% CI 42 to 133), sensitivity 95.2% and specificity 96.6%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.986 (95% CI 0.982 to 0.990). The cut-offs varied according to the SHS exposure level being 42 (95% CI 27 to 57), 82 (95% CI 46 to 136) and 106 ng/ml (95% CI 58 to 227) for not being SHS exposed, exposed to one, and to two or more sources of SHS, respectively. The optimal cut-off for discriminating occasional smokers from non-smokers was 27 ng/ml (95% CI 11 to 43). Conclusions Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in Spain remains high. UC is a reliable biomarker for classifying pregnant women according to their smoking status. However, cut-offs would differ based on baseline exposure to SHS.
Ventricular Rate Control by Selective Vagal Stimulation Is Superior to Rhythm Regularization by Atrioventricular Nodal Ablation and Pacing During Atrial Fibrillation

Background—Selective atrioventricular nodal (AVN) vagal stimulation (AVN-VS) has emerged as a novel strategy for ventricular rate (VR) control in atrial fibrillation (AF). Although AVN-VS preserves the physiological ventricular activation sequence, the resulting rate is slow but irregular. In contrast, AVN ablation with pacemaker implantation produces retrograde activation (starting at the apex), with regular ventricular rhythm. We tested the hypothesis that, at comparable levels of VR slowing, AVN-VS provides hemodynamic benefits similar to those of ablation with pacemaker implantation. Methods and Results—AVN-VS was delivered to the epicardial fat pad that projects parasympathetic nerve fibers to the AVN in 12 dogs during AF. A computer-controlled algorithm adjusted AVN-VS beat by beat to achieve a mean ventricular RR interval of 75%, 100%, 125%, or 150% of spontaneous sinus cycle length. The AVN was then ablated, and the right ventricular (RV) apex was paced either irregularly (i-RVP) using the RR intervals collected during AVN-VS or regularly (r-RVP) at the corresponding mean RR. The results indicated that all 3 strategies improved hemodynamics compared with AF. However, AVN-VS resulted in significantly better responses than either r-RVP or i-RVP. i-RVP resulted in worse hemodynamic responses than r-RVP. The differences among these modes became less significant when mean VR was slowed to 150% of sinus cycle length. Conclusions—AVN-VS can produce graded slowing of the VR during AF without destroying the AVN. It was hemodynamically superior to AVN ablation with either r-RVP or i-RVP, indicating that the benefits of preserving the physiological antegrade ventricular activation sequence outweigh the detrimental effect of irregularity.
Effects of Prosodic Boudnaties on Segment Articulation in Standard Chinese

This study investigates the effect of prosodic boundary on the articulation and the acoustic properties of consonant and vowel segments, and vowel-to-vowel coarticulation across five prosodic boundaries in the Standard Chinese. The articulatory measures are obtained by electropalatography. The result shows that the domaininitial consonant /t/ is strengthened in a hierarchical fashion for prosodic boundaries above Foot; however, no difference is found between Syllable and Foot domain. For /i/, differential influences are found for the left boundary of the syllable where the vowel is in and the right boundary immediately after the vowel. The last result shows that the vocalic anticipatory effect is constrained both by prosodic factor and articulatory constraint of vocalic gesture, but the vocalic carryover effect is more likely conditioned by Foot constraint.
Association of psychological factors, patients’ knowledge, and management among patients with erectile dysfunction

Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common health problems in men. ED can significantly affect a man’s psychological well-being and overall health. Purpose To investigate the association of psychological factors, patients’ knowledge, and management among ED patients. Patients and methods A total of 93 patients with an age range from 31 to 81 years who have undergone treatment for ED were included in this study. Results It was found that the feeling of blame (P=0.001), guilt (P=0.001), anger or bitterness (P=0.001), depression (P=0.001), feeling like a failure (P=0.001), and the feeling of letting down a partner during intercourse (P=0.001) were significantly associated with ED. Age was also found to be significantly associated with patients’ psychological scale (P=0.004). In addition, the majority of patients in this study practice the right method of administration of ED therapy. However, no significant correlation was found between patients’ knowledge of ED therapy and demographic characteristics. Conclusion This study concluded that ED does affect psychological well-being of people. In addition, patient’s knowledge about ED and its management is also crucial in ensuring that the patient achieves optimal therapeutic outcomes from ED therapy.
Evaluating the performance boundaries of WI-FI, WiMAX and UMTS using the network simulator (ns-2)

Currently, the different wireless technologies available allow users to access the Internet under the "always on" paradigm. Therefore, switching from one wireless technology to another, a process known as vertical handover, is often required. It is very important for vertical handover agents to know the performance of each candidate wireless network in order to switch into a network that fulfills the applications' requirements. In this work we present a performance evaluation of the main wireless technologies currently in use by mobile devices: Wi-Fi, WiMAX and UMTS. In our set of experiments we tested various schemes with different parameters for each technology, including modulation and channel bandwidth. Using the Network Simulator ns-2, we evaluate the performance of each network technology under different network congestion conditions. Results show that each technology offers different data rates, depending on the selected parameters. Moreover, we found that bandwidth availability status becomes of utmost importance for successful vertical handover.
Biomass Estimation of a Temperate Deciduous Forest Using Wavelet Analysis

The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been identified as contributing to the increase in global mean temperature. Carbon sequestration into trees and forests is an effective and inexpensive method for decreasing the CO2 level in the atmosphere. Hence, accurate measurements of biomass levels will be important to the global carbon cycle and climate change. This study used a wavelet-based forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation approach in a temperate deciduous forest. Two-dimensional discrete wavelet transformations was applied to ALOS AVNIR and PALSAR to obtain wavelet coefficients, which were correlated with AGB estimates using multiple linear regression analysis. Different wavelets were tested using this approach. Moreover, vegetation indices and texture parameters were calculated and correlated with AGB estimates. The results indicated that wavelet-based modeling could improve the accuracy of biomass estimation to 75% or even higher in comparison with the accuracy of 30%-40% resulting from past studies using vegetation indices and texture measures. This study demonstrates that wavelet-based biomass estimation could be a promising approach for solving the uncertainty between reflectance or backscatter values from satellite images and forest biomass and therefore provide better biomass estimations.
“I Use to Pray and Ask God to Give Me Another Chance”: A Phenomenological Analysis of Black Males’ Journey Attending an Alternative School

iv Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Racial Realities of Black Americans . 3 Pathways to Mass Incarceration.5 Alternative Schools . 8 Theoretical Frameworks . 9 Miseducation Theory . 10 Critical Pedagogy . 11 Definition of Terms.12 Black American . 12 Alternative School . 13 Juvenile . 13 Male . 13 Adjudicated Youth . 13 Purpose . 14 Rationale . 14 Research Questions . 15 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 16 Zero-tolerance discipline policies . 17 Black Students & School Discipline . 24 School Discipline and the Achievement Gap . 25 Alternative School Placement . 28 Juvenile Justice . 33 Educational Experiences of Incarcerated Youth . 34 Incarcerated Youth’s Right to an Education . 36 Teacher Credentials . 40 Philosophical & Theoretical Groundings of Phenomenology . 41 Summary and Conclusions . 42 Chapter Three: Method . 43 Purpose of Study . 43 Setting . 47 Shedding Light on Eastside Alternative School . 47