Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Typographic Cueing in Printed Text

Typographic cueing refers to the use of variations in the appearance of text in order to provide a visual distinction between different levels of text content. An experiment is reported in which three cueing conditions were compared. One format used capitals for the cued material, a second used bold setting, and the third was a control condition. In an attempt to determine the influence of providing a pre-test on the outcome of cueing experiments, three pre-testing conditions were provided: pre-test of cued information, of noncued information, no pro-test. Subjects read a passage for 3 min, and were then given separate tests of cued and noncued information. The results of the test of cued information are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that cueing yields higher scores if a pre-test of cued information or no pre-test has been administered. The test of noncued information showed that capital cueing yielded lower scores than the control, but the bold cuing did not. It seems that with capital cueing,.
Interactive Control of Renal Function by α2-Adrenergic System and Nitric Oxide: Role of Angiotensin II

We studied the role of angiotensin II (AII) in the interactive control of renal function by the alpha 2-adrenergic system and nitric oxide (NO) in adult male Munich Wistar rats 5-7 days after ipsilateral renal denervation (DNX). Renal micropuncture was used under euvolemic conditions before (period 1) and during (period 2) systemic inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) in three groups. Group 1 served as a DNX control. In group 2, the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist B-HT 933 (BHT) was infused systemically throughout the experiment. In group 3, the AII-receptor blocker, Iosartan (LOS), was infused before period 2 as well as throughout infusion of BHT. L-NMMA increased blood pressure (BP) to a similar degree in all three groups. In group 1, infusion of L-NMMA did not affect glomerular hemodynamics or tubular function. With BHT in group 2, L-NMMA reduced absolute proximal tubular reabsorption (APR) and by reducing nephron plasma flow (SNPF) and glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (LpA) caused nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) to decrease, a response described in innervated kidneys. LOS in group 3 abrogated the BHT-facilitated reduction of LpA and SNGFR but not of SNPF and APR in response to L-NMMA. In group 1, urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) did not change and urinary flow rate (UV) increased slightly in period 2. L-NMMA combined with BHT, however, exerted a profound diuresis and natriuresis in group 2. These effects were further exaggerated with LOS. In a fourth group of DNX rats. LOS given alone before period 2 did not affect SNGFR, SNPF, LpA, APR, UV, or UNaV. We conclude that after subacute renal denervation alpha 2-adrenergic activation sensitizes (a) LpA to reduction by NOS inhibition through an AII-dependent mechanism, and (b) SNPF and proximal tubular reabsorption to reduction by L-NMMA regardless of the AII activity. Furthermore, our results suggest a potential role for the alpha 2-adrenergic system and AII in the diuretic and natriuretic effect of systemic NOS inhibition.
Women's Attitudes Toward Men: an Integrated Threat Theory Approach

Three studies were conducted to measure the antecedents of women's attitudes toward men using the integrated threat model. Four types of threats were hypothesized to produce negative attitudes toward men: (1) realistic threat based on threats to women's political and economic power, (2) symbolic threat based on value differences, (3) intergroup anxiety experienced during social interaction with outgroup members, and (4) negative stereotypes of men. Negative contact was hypothesized to increase the perception of all four threats as well as to affect attitudes directly. The findings suggest that symbolic threat, intergroup anxiety, and negative contact are the strongest predictors of negative attitudes toward men. Contrary to expectation, realistic threat may not be important to women's attitudes toward men.
Preferential orienting to faces in 4-month-olds: analysis of temporal–nasal visual field differences

A two-process theory of the development of face processing predicted that newborns’ preferential orienting to face-like patterns would be stronger in the temporal visual field than in the nasal. This prediction was confirmed in a previous study. While it is known that the newborn tendency to orient to face-like patterns declines around 6 weeks of age, it is not known whether this is due to inhibition by cortical pathways or to the conflicting biases of cortical and subcortical pathways. In the present experiment we repeated the newborn study but with 4-month-olds and obtained results which were partially consistent with both the inhibition and the conflicting pathways accounts. We conclude that disappearance of the newborn tendency to orient to face-like patterns is probably due to multiple factors.
The variation of hand tremor with force in healthy subjects

1. Total root‐mean‐square (r.m.s.) error over an effectively unrestricted band, and error power spectra from 0·256 to 12·5 c/s were measured for four subjects attempting to maintain fixed forces of 1‐6 Lb. (0·45‐2·72 kg) on a pressure joystick. The subject could see his errors as the deflexion of a cathode ray tube spot.
The Interaction of Process Losses, Process Gains, and Meeting Satisfaction Within Technology-Supported Environments

Although computer mediated communication (CMC) technology has been shown to enhance productivity, increase participation equality, and improve decision quality, these reported increases in performance have not always been accompanied by related increases in meeting satisfaction. Various input-process-output models in the CMC literature have portrayed process losses and process gains as important variables affecting meeting satisfaction. A research model portraying the impact of process losses and process gains upon two dimensions of meeting satisfaction (outcome satisfaction and process satisfaction) is developed and tested. Results indicate that process losses generate negative effects upon both dimensions of meeting satisfaction, but only within identified CMC environments. Within anonymous CMC environments, however, the effect of process losses upon either outcome satisfaction or process satisfaction is negligible. Conversely, process gains generate positive effects upon both outcome and process satisfaction regardless of anonymity levels. These findings suggest that the inconsistencies in research outcomes regarding CMC meeting satisfaction may be resolved if researchers distinguish between outcome satisfaction and process satisfaction as separate dimensions of meeting satisfaction.
Teacher-Student Interaction in Urban At-Risk Classrooms: Differential Behavior, Relationship Quality, and Student Satisfaction with School

In this study I examined teacher-student interactions and relationship quality among poor, urban, African-American children expressing differential school satisfaction. Multiple methods of data collection, including classroom observation, interviews, and self-report questionnaires, were used with 61 third through fifth graders. Results suggested that perceptions of a caring, supportive relationship with a teacher and a positive classroom environment were related to school satisfaction by as early as third grade. A different pattern of behavioral interactions with teachers was noted between students expressing high and low satisfaction with school, although this was not an important contributor to students' satisfaction with school. Results are discussed in light of theory that posits children's relationships with others as an important variable in learning and in light of contemporary movements within education that stress the importance of relationships in schooling.
Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results 1994 Edition

General Goals Update NIST guidelines to: (i) increase freedom of choice required by scientists, statisticians, and mathematicians to be able to address needs of rapidly evolving and expanding fields of measurement science; (ii) Widen class of measurement models used to assign values to measurands and to evaluate measurement uncertainty; (iii) Facilitate critical assessment of models and assumptions, in particular of those that support the probabilistic interpretation of measurement uncertainty.
Industrial Development and Irish National Identity, 1922-1939

This book explores Irish industrial policy in the first two decades following independence. It focuses in particular on the political aspects of industrialization, with special attention paid to subjects like partition and Anglo-Irish relations from 1920 to 1939. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, this book examines the role of institutional traditions and cultural values in economic development, focusing on the threefold influences of nationalism, Catholicism and British political positions. This book should be of interest to students of Irish and economic history. Mary Daly is the author of "A Social History of Ireland Since 1800" and "The Famine in Ireland".
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Kir3 following κ-Opioid Receptor Activation of p38 MAPK Causes Heterologous Desensitization*

Prior studies showed that tyrosine 12 phosphorylation in the N-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of the G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir3.1 facilitates channel deactivation by increasing intrinsic GTPase activity of the channel. Using a phosphoselective antibody directed against this residue (pY12), we now report that partial sciatic nerve ligation increased pY12-Kir3.1-immunoreactivity (ir) in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) or lacking the G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) genes. Treatment of AtT-20 cells stably expressing KOR-GFP with the selective KOR agonist U50,488 increased both phospho-p38-ir and pY12-Kir3.1-ir. The U50,488-induced increase in pY12-Kir3.1-ir was blocked by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Cells expressing KOR(S369A)-GFP did not increase either phospho-p38-ir or pY12-Kir3.1-ir following U50,488 treatment. Whole cell voltage clamp of AtT-20 cells expressing KOR-GFP demonstrated that p38 activation by U50,488 reduced somatostatin-evoked Kir3 currents. This heterologous desensitization was blocked by SB203580 and was not evident in cells expressing KOR(S369A)-GFP. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Kir3.1 was likely mediated by p38 MAPK activation of Src kinase. U50,488 also increased (pY418)Src-ir; this increase was blocked by SB203580 and not evident in KOR(S369A)-GFP expressing AtT20 cells; the Src inhibitor PP2 blocked the U50,488-induced increase in pY12-Kir3.1-ir; and the heterologous desensitization of Kir3 currents was blocked by PP2. These results suggest that KOR causes phosphorylation of Y12-Kir3.1 and channel inhibition through a GRK3-, p38 MAPK- and Src-dependent mechanism. Reduced inward potassium current following nerve ligation would increase dorsal horn neuronal excitability and may contribute to the neuropathic pain response.
Changes in the body image of bone sarcoma survivors following surgical treatment—A qualitative study

Among several long‐term effects, people treated for cancer may experience an altered appearance. Our study aims to identify how visible body changes following surgical treatment affect the life and identity of primary bone sarcoma survivors 3–10 years after diagnosis. A qualitative, phenomenological, and hermeneutic design was applied.
Managing Collaborative Processes

The study of managers in collaborative efforts continues to progress. In this article, the authors investigate the efforts by managers to build and maintain collaborative processes to address complex public problems that vary by policy area (emergency management, environmental regulation, and community renewal), focus on different dimensions of the problem, are prompted by different forms of system breakdown, and generate different collaborative responses. This study investigates whether there are essential characteristics of collaborative capacity building that cut across these three cases, and it is found that the key managers in each case build collaborative problem-solving capacity by adopting a common approach comprising the same six practices.
SERVING HAMBURGERS AND SELLING INSURANCE:

Through an analysis of two highly routinized interactive service jobs, fast food service and insurance sales, this article explores the interrelationship of work, gender, and identity. While notions of proper gender behavior are quite flexible, gender-segregated service jobs reinforce the conception of gender differences as natural. The illusion that gender-typed interaction is an expression of workers' inherent natures is sustained, even in situations in which workers' appearances, attitudes, and demeanors are closely controlled by their employers. Gender-typed work has different meanings for women and men, however, because of differences in the cultural valuation of behavior considered appropriate to each gender.
Towards More Robust Automatic Facial Expression Recognition in Smart Environments

In this paper, we provide insights towards achieving more robust automatic facial expression recognition in smart environments based on our benchmark with three labeled facial expression databases. These databases are selected to test for desktop, 3D and smart environment application scenarios. This work is meant to provide a neutral comparison and guidelines for developers and researchers interested to integrate facial emotion recognition technologies in their applications, understand its limitations and adaptation as well as enhancement strategies. We also introduce and compare three different metrics for finding the primary expression in a time window of a displayed emotion. In addition, we outline facial emotion recognition limitations and enhancements for smart environments and non-frontal setups. By providing our comparison and enhancements we hope to build a bridge from affective computing research and solution providers to application developers that like to enhance new applications by including emotion based user modeling.
Prediction of protein-protein interaction sites using patch analysis.

A method for defining and analysing a series of residue patches on the surface of protein structures is used to predict the location of protein-protein interaction sites. Each residue patch is analysed for six parameters; solvation potential, residue interface propensity, hydrophobicity, planarity, protrusion and accessible surface area. The method involves the calculation of a relative combined score that gives the probability of a surface patch forming protein-protein interactions. Predictions are made for the known structures of protomers from 28 homo-dimers, large protomers from 11 hetero-complexes, small protomers from 14 hetero-complexes, and antigens from six antibody-antigen complexes. The predictions are successful for 66% (39/59) of the structures and the remainder can usually be rationalized in terms of additional interaction sites.
A Comparison of Continuous Wave Doppler Radar to Impedance Cardiography for Analysis of Mechanical Heart Activity

The paper compares the data obtained from a continuous wave Doppler radar sensor based on a commercially available microwave motion sensor KMY24 to an impedance cardiograph measured using a cardiac output monitor (Medis Niccomo). Both sensors are used to analyze the mechanical activity of the heart. System parameters, signal content and robustness are discussed
Motor imagery EEG classification via Bayesian extreme learning machine

Motor imagery is usually hard to be classified with a high accuracy, since the task-related electroencephalogram (EEG) responses are likely to be contaminated by some ongoing noises. Design of an efficient classifier is considerably important for the realization of a brain-computer interface (BCI) system based on motor imagery. This study introduces a Bayesian extreme learning machine (BELM) based method for accurate classification of motor imagery. By combing ELM and Bayesian inference, BELM achieves the smallest norm of output weights with automatically estimated regularization for alleviating the possible overfitting during calibration procedure. Effectiveness of the BELM-based method is validated on a public BCI dataset, in comparison with other two competing methods.
An Operational Definition of Twice-Exceptional Learners

In this article, a new definition of twice-exceptional children is proposed. In addition to introducing this new definition, the authors provide a research-based rationale for the definition, offer a clear profile of twice-exceptional youth, and summarize the development of new programs and practices to enable these students to develop their gifts while simultaneously compensating for their deficits.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Hexaminolevulinate- Versus White-Light Guided Transurethral Bladder Tumor Resection on Progression in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Introduction: Although there is evidence that hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-based transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT) improves the detection of Ta-T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) as well as carcinoma in situ there is uncertainty about its beneficial effects on progression. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA statement to identify studies reporting on HAL- vs. white-light (WL-) based TUR-BT in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer between 2000 and 2016. A two-stage selection process was utilized to determine eligible studies. Of a total of 294 studies, 5 (4 randomized and one retrospective) were considered for final analysis. The primary objective was the rate of progression. Results: The median follow-up for patients treated with HAL- and WL-TURBT was 27.6 (1–55.1) and 28.9 (1–53) months, respectively. Of a total of 1301 patients, 644 underwent HAL- and 657 WL-based TURBT. Progression was reported in 44 of 644 patients (6.8%) with HAL- and 70 of 657 patients (10.7%) with WL-TURBT, respectively (median odds ratio: 1.64, 1.10–2.45 for HAL vs. WL; p = 0.01). Data on progression-free survival was reported in a single study with a trend towards improved survival for patients treated with HAL-TURBT (p = 0.05). Conclusions: In this meta-analysis the rate of progression was significantly lower in patients treated with HAL- vs. WL-based TURBT. These results support the initiation of randomized trials on HAL with progression as primary endpoint.
Antigen recognition by human T cell receptor gamma-positive lymphocytes. Specific lysis of allogeneic cells after activation in mixed lymphocyte culture

These experiments were designed to define the ability of human TCR- gamma+ cells to recognize allogeneic cells. TCR-gamma+-enriched populations were obtained by treating peripheral blood E-rosetting cells with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs. The resulting populations were CD2+4-8- expressed variable proportions of CD3+ cells (40-90%), and did not react with the WT31 mAb, which is specific for a framework determinant of the alpha/beta heterodimer that serves as receptor for antigen on most human T lymphocytes. After mixed lymphocyte culture with irradiated allogeneic cells for 7 d and 3 additional days in rIL-2 (100 U/ml), cells underwent proliferation in three of five individuals tested. In addition, MLC-derived cells lysed 51Cr-labeled PHA-induced blasts derived from the allogeneic cells used as stimulator, but not allogeneic unrelated or autologous blast cells. No cytotoxicity against autologous or allogeneic target cells could be induced by culturing CD3+4-8-WT31- lymphocytes in MLC with irradiated autologous cells. Surface iodination of allogeneic MLC-activated CD3+4-8-WT31- cells followed by lysis in 1% digitonin and immunoprecipitation with anti-CD3 mAb indicated that the CD3-associated molecules consisted of a major 45- kD band and a minor band of 43 kD. Northern blot analysis showed that mRNA for the gamma chain was expressed at high levels, whereas mRNAs for alpha and beta chains were missing. These data support the notion that TCR-gamma rather than TCR-alpha/beta is expressed in allospecific CD3-4-8-WT31- cell populations. Clones were further derived from MLC- stimulated CD3+4-8-WT31- populations. All the seven clones studied in detail maintained the surface phenotype as well as the cytolytic pattern of the original MLC populations, thus only specific allogeneic PHA-induced blasts were lysed. NK-sensitive as well as NK-resistant tumor targets were variably susceptible to lysis; therefore, specific cytolytic activity against allogeneic cells was not necessarily linked to the expression of MHC-nonrestricted cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
Dominant pole and eigenstructure assignment for positive systems with state feedback

In this paper, the dominant pole assignment problem, the dominant eigenstructure assignment problem and the robust dominant pole assignment problem for linear time-invariant positive systems with state feedback are considered. The dominant pole assignment problem is formulated as a linear programming problem, and the dominant eigenstructure problem is formulated as a quasiconvex optimisation problem with linear constraints. The robust dominant pole assignment problem is formulated as a non-convex optimisation problem with non-linear constraints which is solved using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) with an efficient scheme which employs the dominant eigenstructure assignment technique to accelerate the convergence of the PSO procedure. Each of the three problems can be further constrained by requiring that the controller has a pre-specified structure, or the gain matrix have both elementwise upper and lower bounds. These constraints can be incorporated into the proposed scheme without increasing the complexity of the algorithms. Both the continuous-time case and the discrete-time case are treated in the paper.
Thyroid abnormalities in paediatric patients with vitiligo: retrospective study

Introduction The association between vitiligo and thyroid disease is not fully investigated especially in paediatric patients. Aim To determine the incidence of vitiligo and thyroid disorders in children. This is the first report from middle Anatolia and the second report from Turkey. Material and methods A retrospective chart review was performed to examine the presence of thyroid abnormalities in paediatric patients who had been admitted to the dermatology department with vitiligo. Results A total of 155 paediatric patients, including 80 (52%) male and 75 (48%) female patients were included. The mean age was 8.6 years. Non segmental vitiligo was the most common type of the disease in 140 (90%) reviewed patients, while segmental vitiligo appeared only in 15 (10%) patients. The mean onset of vitiligo was 5.6 ±0.9 years. A family history of vitiligo was found in 14 (9%) children. Thirty-four (22%) patients had thyroid function tests and/or thyroid autoantibody abnormality. All of these patients had non segmental vitiligo. It was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in types of vitiligo and thyroid disease parameters. Conclusions Our results show that it may be useful to screen thyroid in children with non segmental vitiligo.