Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREOPERATIVE SIMULATION FOR MICROVASCULAR DECOMPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA: VISUALIZATION WITH THREE‐DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE CISTERNOGRAM AND ANGIOGRAM FUSION IMAGING

OBJECTIVEPrecise assessment of the complex nerve-vessel relationship at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve is useful for planning microvascular decompression in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. We have applied a fusion imaging technique of three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance cisternography and co-registered 3-D magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) that allows virtual reality for the preoperative simulation of the neurovascular conflict at the trigeminal nerve root entry zone. METHODSFusion images of 3-D magnetic resonance cisternograms and angiograms were reconstructed by a perspective volume-rendering algorithm from the volumetric data sets of magnetic resonance cisternography, obtained by a T2-weighted 3-D fast spin echo sequence, and co-registered MRA, by a 3-D time-of-flight sequence. Consecutive series of 12 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were studied with fusion 3-D magnetic resonance cisternogram and MRA in the preoperative assessment for the microvascular decompression of the affected trigeminal nerve. RESULTSThe complex anatomical relationship of the offending vessels to the trigeminal nerve root entry zone was depicted on the fusion 3-D magnetic resonance cisternogram and MRA. The presence of offending vessels and compressive site of neurovascular conflict was assessed from the various viewpoints within the cistern and was presumed by the preoperative simulation through the surgical access (surgeon's-eye view). The blinded surgical trajectory was discerned by the virtual image through the opposite direction projected from above (bird's-eye view). The 3-D visualization of the nerve-vessel relationship with fusion images was consistent with the intraoperative trajectory and findings. CONCLUSIONFusion imaging of 3-D magnetic resonance cisternogram and MRA may prove a useful adjunct for the diagnosis and decision-making process to execute the microvascular decompression in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.
Responsibility, Structural Injustice, and Structural Transformation

ABSTRACT This author’s reply responds to five main issues raised by the commentators. The first two issues regard the concept of structural injustice and agents’ responsibility for it. What kind of responsibility is generated by structural injustice? How is it distinct from responsibility related to the liability of agents for interactional injustice? Addressing these issues requires clarifying how my understanding of structural injustice draws on and differs from Iris Marion Young’s account. A third issue addressed in this reply regards the question of what institutional and structural reforms or initiatives would promote emancipatory versus regressive responses to structural injustice. This question is particularly sharp in the case of redressing the injustice and alienation of settler colonial social structures on Indigenous peoples. A fourth issue relates to the question of what useful role states and international law, especially human rights law, may play in making progress towards eliminating various forms of structural injustice, such as those related to gender oppression. This response will finally address a fifth issue about reconciliation as a regulative ideal, and whether my conception of reconciliation as non-alienation of various kinds invites a tragic reading of the pursuit of reconciliation in politics.
Efficacy of Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent and Treat Delirium in Older Patients: A Systematic Overview. The SENATOR project ONTOP Series

Background Non-pharmacological intervention (e.g. multidisciplinary interventions, music therapy, bright light therapy, educational interventions etc.) are alternative interventions that can be used in older subjects. There are plenty reviews of non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of delirium in older patients and clinicians need a synthesized, methodologically sound document for their decision making. Methods and Findings We performed a systematic overview of systematic reviews (SRs) of comparative studies concerning non-pharmacological intervention to treat or prevent delirium in older patients. The PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, CINHAL, and PsychINFO (April 28th, 2014) were searched for relevant articles. AMSTAR was used to assess the quality of the SRs. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of primary studies. The elements of the multicomponent interventions were identified and compared among different studies to explore the possibility of performing a meta-analysis. Risk ratios were estimated using a random-effects model. Twenty-four SRs with 31 primary studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Based on the AMSTAR criteria twelve reviews resulted of moderate quality and three resulted of high quality. Overall, multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions significantly reduced the incidence of delirium in surgical wards [2 randomized trials (RCTs): relative risk (RR) 0.71, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.59 to 0.86, I2=0%; (GRADE evidence: moderate)] and in medical wards [2 CCTs: RR 0.65, 95%CI 0.49 to 0.86, I2=0%; (GRADE evidence: moderate)]. There is no evidence supporting the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent delirium in low risk populations (i.e. low rate of delirium in the control group)[1 RCT: RR 1.75, 95%CI 0.50 to 6.10 (GRADE evidence: very low)]. For patients who have developed delirium, the available evidence does not support the efficacy of multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions to treat delirium. Among single component interventions only staff education, reorientation protocol (GRADE evidence: very low)] and Geriatric Risk Assessment MedGuide software [hazard ratio 0.42, 95%CI 0.35 to 0.52, (GRADE evidence: moderate)] resulted effective in preventing delirium. Conclusions In older patients multi-component non-pharmacological interventions as well as some single-components intervention were effective in preventing delirium but not to treat delirium.
Calf muscle pump exercise and preventive measures: as means for prevention of deep vein thrombosis and its manifestations among a postpartum cesarean section

Background:Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, and after caesarian section surgery the risk of DVT increases by five-ten times than the other time. It can be prevented through practising of calf muscle pump exercise and following preventive measures as early ambulation.The purpose of the study:was to evaluatethe effect of calf muscle pump exercise and preventive measures on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)and its manifestationsamong a postpartum cesarean section. Method: A quasi-experimental design was used to fulfil the purpose of the study. Sample: A purposive sample of(200)post-partum women after cesarean section (study and control groups) wererecruited. Setting:The study was carried out atante-natal and post-natal wards of Menoufia University HospitalatShebin El-Kom city at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.Instruments: Five instrumentswere used by the researchers; (1) An interviewing questionnaire;(2) Author DVT risk assessment scale;(3) Women’s knowledge assessment questionnaire;(4) Calf muscle pump exercise and preventive measures questionnaire, and (5)DVTand its manifestations questionnaire.Results:The mean age of the control and thestudygroups were (25.16±5.41) and (25.59 ± 5.92) years old respectively.There were highly statistically significant differencesbetween the study and the control groups regarding the level of knowledge, calf muscle pump exercise, preventive measures after the intervention (P<0.05*). Meanwhile, less than one-tenth of the control group had DVT and its manifestations during the follow up at the postpartum period. Conclusion:The study group had higher score regarding the level of knowledge, the performance of calf muscle pump exercise,and followingpreventive measures than the control group. Postpartum women who practiced calf muscle pump exercise and followed the preventive measures had a significant reduction in the occurrence of DVT and its manifestation than those who did not. Recommendation:Strengthen the nurses’ role in providing health education about DVT as a preventable disease. Calf muscle pump exercise and preventive measures should be added as an essential part of the routine antenatal care during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Advances in Medical Education and Practice Dovepress Clinical Training in Medical Students during Preclinical Years in the Skill Lab

you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Background: In Nepal, medical education is a high-stakes and stressful course. To enhance learning and minimize students' stress, the conventional method has been replaced by integrated, student-centered learning. As an approach to train effectively, colleges have started establishing skill labs. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical skill training on exam performance as compared with the conventional teaching practice. Further, to assess the perceptions of students of the importance of skill lab training in college. Method: Twenty students were randomly selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. On the internal examination, students showed skills on manikins, and examiners evaluated them. A sample question in the exam was " To perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on half body human manikin. " On completion of the exam, opinions were collected from the students via a predesigned self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions regarding skill lab use and its benefits to them in developing their skills, with a few questions related to the exam pattern. The responses were expressed in frequencies. Results: We found that all (20/20) students performed CPR with confidence and without hesitation on the manikin. The practical examination performance (marks) was categorized as excellent (7/20), good (8/20), average (3/20), and poor (2/20). The pass percentage after skill training was increased by 25% as compared with conventional teaching practice. The majority of the students (17/20) mentioned that skill is better learned by doing than by observing others' performance or watching videos. A few students (6/20) said skills are better learned by observing the real disease state. They mentioned that skill lab is the better choice for learning major skills such as catheterization, opening vein, auscultation of heart sounds, and endotracheal intubation. Conclusion: Students are confident and showed better exam performance after basic clinical skills training in the lab. They perceived skill lab training as a better teaching method for the preclinical students.
RANDOM MATRICES: THE CIRCULAR LAW

Let x be a complex random variable with mean zero and bounded variance σ2. Let Nn be a random matrix of order n with entries being i.i. d. copies of x. Let λ1, …, λn be the eigenvalues of . Define the empirical spectral distributionμn of Nn by the formula The following well-known conjecture has been open since the 1950's: Circular Law Conjecture: μn converges to the uniform distribution μ∞ over the unit disk as n tends to infinity. We prove this conjecture, with strong convergence, under the slightly stronger assumption that the (2 + η)th-moment of x is bounded, for any η > 0. Our method builds and improves upon earlier work of Girko, Bai, Gotze–Tikhomirov, and Pan–Zhou, and also applies for sparse random matrices. The new key ingredient in the paper is a general result about the least singular value of random matrices, which was obtained using tools and ideas from additive combinatorics.
Use of Mixed Item Response Theory in Rating Scales

This study aimed to compare the Graded Response Model (GRM) and the Mixed-Graded Response Model (MixGRM) in terms of model data-fit and parameters and demonstrate the application of MixGRM on real data. In this context, this study is basic research based on the International Computer and Information Literacy Study in 2013 conducted with eighth-grade participants from Turkey. The data from a total of 2,356 students were used in the study. In testing the models, data was obtained from an 11-item Likert scale that measured the students' interest and enjoyment in using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). When the GRMand MixGRM-based model data-fit results were compared, the model with the best fit was the MixGRM with four latent classes. Students who reported to enjoy using ICT and who had the highest computer and information literacy (CIL) score were found to be in the first latent class, those with least enjoyment or dislike and those with the lowest CIL score were in the fourth latency class. The findings show that reducing the heterogeneity of Mixed-Item Response Theory models in the dataset is a preferable model for research situations and that Turkish students are not yet prepared for life in the digital age.
Applying a parent-child relationship framework to explore factors relevant to safety in pre-adolescence

APPLYING A PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP FRAMEWORK TO EXPLORE FACTORS RELEVANT TO SAFETY DURING PRE-ADOLESCENCE Alexa L. Kane University of Guelph, 2018 Advisor(s): Dr. Barbara Morrongiello Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for children and adolescents, and while much research has examined how parents manage safety issues for young children, little is known about how they do so in the pre-adolescent years as demands for autonomy increase. The current study focused on youth in this transition stage (age 10 to 13 years), examining parent-child disagreements about safety, including how these are resolved and what factors impact these resolutions. Consistent with research in younger populations, sex differences emerged such that female children were more likely to spontaneously disclose safety issues to their parents than were males, and parents were more likely to attempt to discuss the issue and provide teaching to their female children. Relationship quality emerged as an important factor as well, particularly for male children, such that a positive parent-child relationship increased the likelihood of parental teaching in response to a safety event for boys only. Further, child characteristics (inhibitory control and risk taking propensity) were found to moderate the relationships between parental source of knowledge of safety-relevant events and subsequent methods of resolution. Implications for pre-adolescent safety and future research are discussed.
DNA methylation mediates the impact of exposure to prenatal maternal stress on BMI and central adiposity in children at age 13½ years: Project Ice Storm

Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) in animals and humans predicts obesity and metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. Epigenetic modification of gene function is considered one possible mechanism by which PNMS results in poor outcomes in offspring. Our goal was to determine the role of maternal objective exposure and subjective distress on child BMI and central adiposity at 13½ years of age, and to test the hypothesis that DNA methylation mediates the effect of PNMS on growth. Mothers were pregnant during the January 1998 Quebec ice storm. We assessed their objective exposure and subjective distress in June 1998. At age 13½ their children were weighed and measured (n = 66); a subsample provided blood samples for epigenetic studies (n = 31). Objective and subjective PNMS correlated with central adiposity (waist-to-height ratio); only objective PNMS predicted body mass index (BMI). Bootstrapping analyses showed that the methylation level of genes from established Type-1 and -2 diabetes mellitus pathways showed significant mediation of the effect of objective PNMS on both central adiposity and BMI. However, the negative mediating effects indicate that, although greater objective PNMS predicts greater BMI and adiposity, this effect is dampened by the effects of objective PNMS on DNA methylation, suggesting a protective role of the selected genes from Type-1 and -2 diabetes mellitus pathways. We provide data supporting that DNA methylation is a potential mechanism involved in the long-term adaptation and programming of the genome in response to early adverse environmental factors.
Triggering of merger‐induced starbursts by the tidal field of galaxy groups and clusters

Star formation in galaxies is for a part driven by galaxy mergers. At low redshift, star formation activity is low in high-density environments like groups and clusters, and the star formation activity of galaxies increases with their isolation. This star formation – density relation is observed to be reversed at z � 1, which is not explained by theoretical models so far. We study the influence of the tidal field of a galaxy group or cluster on the star formation activity of merging galaxies, using N-body simulations including gas dynamics and star formation. We find that the mergerdriven star formation is significantly more active in the vicinity of such cosmological structures compared to mergers in the field. The large-scaletidal field can thus enhance the activity of galaxies in dense cosmic structures, and should be particularly efficient at high redshift before quenching processes take effect in densest regions.
Self-Regulation and Academic Measures Across the Early Elementary School Grades: Examining Longitudinal and Bidirectional Associations

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the association between children’s (N = 301) self-regulation and math and reading achievement in kindergarten, 1st grade, and 2nd grade. Children’s self-regulation was assessed using the Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders (HTKS) task (involving control of gross body movements) and a computerized continuous performance task (CPT; assessing primarily inhibitory control) in kindergarten, 1st grade, and 2nd grade. Research Findings: Based on cross-lagged structural equation panel models, HTKS task performance positively predicted later math and reading achievement. Math achievement significantly and positively predicted later HTKS and CPT scores. Earlier math and reading achievement moderated the association between CPT scores and later math and reading achievement; inhibitory control–based self-regulation assessed with the CPT predicted higher math or reading achievement in subsequent grades for children with lower math or reading achievement in prior grades. Performance on the CPT moderated the paths from HTKS scores to later reading achievement; behavioral self-regulation assessed with the HTKS task predicted higher reading achievement in subsequent grades for children with low or average CPT performance in prior grades. Practice or Policy: Results from this study have the potential to inform targeted academic interventions focused on enhancing self-regulation in school contexts. The findings highlight the utility of assessing multiple measures of self-regulation.
Joint modelling compared with two stage methods for analysing longitudinal data and prospective outcomes: A simulation study of childhood growth and BP

There is a growing debate with regards to the appropriate methods of analysis of growth trajectories and their association with prospective dependent outcomes. Using the example of childhood growth and adult BP, we conducted an extensive simulation study to explore four two-stage and two joint modelling methods, and compared their bias and coverage in estimation of the (unconditional) association between birth length and later BP, and the association between growth rate and later BP (conditional on birth length). We show that the two-stage method of using multilevel models to estimate growth parameters and relating these to outcome gives unbiased estimates of the conditional associations between growth and outcome. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the simple methods resulted in bias in the presence of measurement error, as did the two-stage multilevel method when looking at the total (unconditional) association of birth length with outcome. The two joint modelling methods gave unbiased results, but using the re-inflated residuals led to undercoverage of the confidence intervals. We conclude that either joint modelling or the simpler two-stage multilevel approach can be used to estimate conditional associations between growth and later outcomes, but that only joint modelling is unbiased with nominal coverage for unconditional associations.
An Analysis of Children's Behavioral Problems in the Context of Social Skills and Teacher Child Relationships.

Aim of this study is to examine the factors that affect children’s behavioral problems and present the relationships between children’s behavioral problems, social skills and teacher child relationship. Relational screening model was preferred for this study. Study group consisted of 53, 36-48 months of age children who studied at early childhood education centers in Kayseri in 2015-2016 education year. Convenient sampling method was preferred to choose the participants. Personal Information Form, Student Teacher Relationship Scale, Preschool Behavior Questionnaire and Preschool Social Skills Assessment Scale were used to collect the data. Descriptive analyses, t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analyses and standard multiple linear regression analyses were preferred to analyses the data. Results of the study showed that children had low behavioral problems. Boys had more behavioral problems regarding being inattentive-hyperactive than girls had. Children’s whose mothers and fathers had low education level, had more behavior problems regarding aggressiveness. Number of siblings, family income and teachers experience had no significant effect on children’s behavioral problems. It was seen that behavioral problems, social skills and teacher child relationships have a relationship significantly. It was presented that conflict between teacher and children and social skills have together a predictor of children’s behavioral problems.
An Improved Small-Signal Parameter-Extraction Algorithm for GaN HEMT Devices

A highly efficient and accurate extraction algorithm for the small-signal equivalent-circuit parameters of a GaN high electron-mobility transistor device is presented. Elements of the extrinsic equivalent-circuit topology are evaluated using a modified "cold field-effect transistor" approach whereby the undesirable need to forward bias the device's gate terminal is avoided. Intrinsic elements are determined based on a circuit topology, which identifies, for the first time, a time delay in the output conductance of GaN-based devices. The validity of the proposed algorithm has been thoroughly verified with excellent correlation between the measured and modeled S-parameters up to 50 GHz.