Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Group Walking in Forests for People with Significant Mental Ill-Health

Abstract This study investigated the effects of group walking in forests for people with significant mental ill-health including depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders based on a pilot program in Ireland. The program consisted of activities in a forest setting for approximately 2 hr duration weekly, for 13 weeks, which included roughly 10 min of gentle warming-up exercises, 1–1.5 hr of forest walks, followed by approximately 30 min of refreshments/socializing on the forest sites. Fifteen participants were assessed. The results indicated significant improvements in mood, measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, immediately after a walk. Semi-structured interviews with a sample of participants also revealed that the quiet and uncrowded forest environment was particularly beneficial to the participants with significant mental ill-health, as they can be conscious of other people around them. In addition, the sense of escaping from everyday life, the beauty of nature, and having something inte.
Architecture of retinal projections to the central circadian pacemaker

Significance Most physiological processes exhibit circadian oscillations, which are synchronized by a central pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). For this pacemaker to be biologically relevant, it must be entrained with external environmental cues such as the daily light/dark cycle. At present, details of how photic information is relayed from the retina to the SCN remain unclear. Using an array of genetic mouse lines, we found that the major peptidergic SCN neurons receive direct retinal input and that a single intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) bilaterally targets the SCN and sends axonal collaterals to several non-SCN regions. Together, our results suggest that the retina provides multifaceted synaptic inputs to the brain to mediate proper photic inputs to coordinately influence non-image–forming visual functions. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) receives direct retinal input from the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) for circadian photoentrainment. Interestingly, the SCN is the only brain region that receives equal inputs from the left and right eyes. Despite morphological assessments showing that axonal fibers originating from ipRGCs cover the entire SCN, physiological evidence suggests that only vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) cells located ventrally in the SCN receive retinal input. It is still unclear, therefore, which subpopulation of SCN neurons receives synaptic input from the retina and how the SCN receives equal inputs from both eyes. Here, using single ipRGC axonal tracing and a confocal microscopic analysis in mice, we show that ipRGCs have elaborate innervation patterns throughout the entire SCN. Unlike conventional retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that innervate visual targets either ipsilaterally or contralaterally, a single ipRGC can bilaterally innervate the SCN. ipRGCs form synaptic contacts with major peptidergic cells of the SCN, including VIP, GRP, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons, with each ipRGC innervating specific subdomains of the SCN. Furthermore, a single SCN-projecting ipRGC can send collateral inputs to many other brain regions. However, the size and complexity of the axonal arborizations in non-SCN regions are less elaborate than those in the SCN. Our results provide a better understanding of how retinal neurons connect to the central circadian pacemaker to synchronize endogenous circadian clocks with the solar day.
The significance of perceived social-organization climate for creating employees’ innovativeness: The mediating role of person-organization fit

Purpose - – The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the relationship between perceived social-organizational climate (PSOC), organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) of other employees and innovative workplace behaviors (IWB) initiated and performed by employees. The mediating role of person-organization fit (P-O Fit) is tested within the relationship of PSOC, OCB and IWB. Design/methodology/approach - – The study was conducted anonymously on a group of 246 employees from 76 companies operating in Poland. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the process of statistical analysis. Findings - – The research confirmed a significant statistical relationship between IWB and all studied variables: PSOC, OCB and P-O Fit. On the basis of the analysis, using SEM, it may be concluded that PSOC and OCB of other employees have an indirect influence on IWB, via P-O Fit. Research limitations/implications - – A cross-sectional design and use of self-reported questionnaire data are limitations of this study. Originality/value - – The combination of variables presented in the research model may explain the significance of the chosen determinants of behaviors which are the key ones from the perspective of the company’s effectiveness and competitiveness on the market. The results of this research extend the knowledge in the area of relationships of innovation in the workplace with aspects of social functioning in the organization.
A Foot Risk Classification System to Predict Diabetic Amputation in Pima Indians

OBJECTIVE To quantify the contribution of various risk factors to the risk of amputation in diabetic patients and to develop a foot risk scoring system based on clinical data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population case-control study was undertaken. Eligible subjects were 1) 25-85 years of age, 2) diabetic, 3) 50% or more Pima or Tohono O'odham Indian, 4) lived in the Gila River Indian Community, and 5) had had at least one National Institutes of Health research examination. Case patients had had an incident lower extremity amputation between 1983 and 1992; control subjects had no amputation by 1992. Medical records were reviewed to determine risk conditions and health status before the pivotal event that led to the amputation. RESULTS Sixty-one people with amputations were identified and compared with 183 control subjects. Men were more likely to suffer amputation than women (odds ratio [OR] 6.5, 95% CI 2.6–15), and people with diabetic eye, renal, or cardiovascular disease were more likely to undergo amputation than those without (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.7–12). The risk of amputation was almost equally associated with these foot risk factors: peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, bony deformities, and a history of foot ulcers. After controlling for demographic differences and diabetes severity, the ORs for amputation with one foot risk factor was 2.1 (95% CI 1.4–3.3), with two risk factors, 4.5 (95% CI 2.9–6.9), and with three or four risk factors, 9.7 (95% CI 6.3–14.8). CONCLUSIONS Male Sex, end-organ complications of eye, heart, and kidney, and poor glucose control were associated with a higher amputation rate. Peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, deformity, and a prior ulcer were similarly equally associated with an increased risk of lower extremity amputation.
Antigen receptors and somatic hypermutation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with Richter's transformation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Activation-induced cytidine deaminase is essential for somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of the immunoglobulin genes in B cells. It has been proposed that aberrant targeting of the somatic hypermutation machinery is instrumental in initiation and progression of B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphomas. In this study, we investigated the B-cell receptor and the role of the somatic hypermutation machinery in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL) prior to and after transformation to a lymphoma of a higher malignancy grade (Richter's transformation). DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated the activity of the somatic hypermutation machinery in nine B-CLL and secondary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas by measuring the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, in combination with mutation analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) and non-Ig genes. Furthermore, the structure of the antigen receptors of B-CLL known to have developed a Richter's syndrome (RS B-CLL) was analyzed by comparing the most variable region of the Ig, the CDR3 region, to CDR3 sequences present in GenBank. RESULTS Ig variable heavy chain (IgV(H)) gene studies revealed that Richter's transformation occurs almost exclusively in unmutated B-CLL. Furthermore, activated-induced cytidine deaminase expression and somatic hypermutation activity of most RS B-CLL were found to be higher than those of control (non-transforming) B-CLL. Finally, comparison of the IgVH-CDR3 regions showed a remarkable amino acid sequence homology between two RS B-CLL of our panel and two RS B-CLL described in the literature. INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS The combined findings suggest a role for the Ig gene diversification apparatus during Richter's transformation and show that distinct RS-B-CLL may recognize recurrent antigenic epitopes.
Prediction and conversational momentum in an augmentative communication system

C u r r e n t computer technol-q teners outside the person's close ogy offers severely physi-circle, however, it is extremely diffi-I ~ l b ~'~ cally impaired nonspeak-~ cult to accomplish such vital con-" ing people the potential to versational purposes as projecting "~l~" ' communicate by using a one's personality, acquiring a feel-b microcomputer or dedi-ing of belonging, creating and ~. -cated microprocessor to control a changing others' perceptions of the speech synthesizer. There are sev-speaker, and influencing and con-~ '-eral commercially available devices troling others' behavior. These ]~hllUlpll~ of this type. There remains, how-goals are central to human commu-. ~. ever, a serious problem of communication , and may be the only pur-~ln~u ~. nication rate, even using the help pose of some conversations. The b-afforded by existing systems. Given problem for a nonspeaker is that the general physical dysfunction this type of communication is cru-which usually accompanies loss of cially dependent on timely inter-speaking ability, most nonspeakers vention into the conversation, and ~]~' ~' have great difficulty in making on the richness and detail of what is quick activations of any sort of said. When a tremendous effort input device to the computer sys-and a great deal of time are re-tem. With current systems, users quired to create even a short mes-can typically only attain rates of less sage, this kind of social interaction ~IL than 15 words per minute, and is extremely difficult. R many are considerably slower than Research in human communica-this. This rate makes it possible, for tion has demonstrated the negative instance, to write a letter, but it is effects of silence [32] and of slow ~. substantially slower than that communication rate [38] on the lis-~ L-needed for taking a full part in con-tener's attitude to a speaker. Even I l k versations that normally proceed at with speakers whose physical dis-lit 150-200 words per minute [15]. ability is an obvious cause of slow I k Communicating with a substan-communication rate, studies have tial degree of effort at less than 15 demonstrated serious interactional h. words per minute allows for mes-difficulties. One study has found ~. sage passing. Particularly with lis-that below three words per minute,. ~
Normal relation between heart rate and cardiac repolarisation in sudden infant death syndrome.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether there was a difference in the relation between heart rate and RT intervals in infants who later died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and controls. DESIGN--A blinded, computer analysis of prospectively acquired physiological data on SIDS cases and controls. SETTING--Physiological data obtained from infants at home (collaborative analysis National Heart and Lung Institute and Exeter University). PARTICIPANTS--Nine fullterm infants who subsequently died of SIDS and 10 surviving controls matched for age and birth weight. INTERVENTIONS--24 hour tape recordings of the electrocardiogram at home between three and 11 weeks of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mean value of the constant b, which relates by linear regression the log of each RT interval to the log of its proceeding RR interval, and any difference between SIDS cases and controls. RESULTS--The mean (2SEM) values for b were 0.20 (0.03) for the 10 controls and 0.19 (0.03) for the nine SIDS infants. Cyclical correlations between RT and RR intervals of varying strength were identified in both SIDS infants and controls. CONCLUSIONS--Infants who subsequently died of SIDS did not show an impaired ability to modify RT intervals in response to change in heart rate.
Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions: memory and memories—looking back and looking forward

[Graphic][1] In 1957, Scoville and Milner reported a series of case studies describing the nature of the memory defect they observed following bilateral surgical removals from the medial temporal region. The paper highlighted that extensive bilateral surgical excisions from the hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus resulted in severe and lasting memory loss; it also focused attention on these brain structures as critical for the maintenance of normal memory function. These findings ran counter to prevailing views at the time by linking a memory disturbance to damage to a specific part of the brain, and highlighted the fact that the hippocampal region was essential in the establishment of new and enduring memories. Milner had been invited to study this series of patients by the neurosurgeon, William Scoville, following a report by Milner and Penfield1 of two patients who showed unexpected memory loss following unilateral left-temporal lobe brain operations performed at the Montreal Neurological Hospital. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Interaction Between the Hypothalamic—Pituitary—Adrenal Axis and Behavioural Compensation Following Unilateral Vestibular Deafferentation

Vestibular compensation is defined as the process of behavioural recovery that occurs following the loss of sensory input from one or both vestibular labyrinths. The visual and postural instability resulting from the vestibular damage must alter the homeostasis of the subject; however, very little research has been conducted that investigates the interaction between vestibular compensation and the adaptive stress response of the body, i.e. the hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal (HPA) axis. The aim of this review is to describe and evaluate the experimental evidence indicating a link between vestibular compensation and the body's response to stress, via the HPA axis.
Anatomic Pathways of Peripancreatic Fluid Draining to Mediastinum in Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: Visible Human Project and CT Study

Background In past reports, researchers have seldom attached importance to achievements in transforming digital anatomy to radiological diagnosis. However, investigators have been able to illustrate communication relationships in the retroperitoneal space by drawing potential routes in computerized tomography (CT) images or a virtual anatomical atlas. We established a new imaging anatomy research method for comparisons of the communication relationships of the retroperitoneal space in combination with the Visible Human Project and CT images. Specifically, the anatomic pathways of peripancreatic fluid extension to the mediastinum that may potentially transform into fistulas were studied. Methods We explored potential pathways to the mediastinum based on American and Chinese Visible Human Project datasets. These drainage pathways to the mediastinum were confirmed or corrected in CT images of 51 patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis in 2011. We also investigated whether additional routes to the mediastinum were displayed in CT images that were not in Visible Human Project images. Principal Findings All hypothesized routes to the mediastinum displayed in Visible Human Project images, except for routes from the retromesenteric plane to the bilateral retrorenal plane across the bilateral fascial trifurcation and further to the retrocrural space via the aortic hiatus, were confirmed in CT images. In addition, route 13 via the narrow space between the left costal and crural diaphragm into the retrocrural space was demonstrated for the first time in CT images. Conclusion This type of exploration model related to imaging anatomy may be used to support research on the communication relationships of abdominal spaces, mediastinal spaces, cervical fascial spaces and other areas of the body.
Effects of prey metapopulation structure on the viability of black-footed ferrets in plague-impacted landscapes: a metamodelling approach

Summary 1. Species interactions have been largely ignored in extinction risk assessment. However, the black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes exemplifies a class of endangered species for which strong species interactions cannot be ignored. This species is an obligate predator of prairie dogs Cynomys spp. , and sylvatic plague Yersinia pestis epizootics threaten to undermine recovery efforts by functionally eliminating the prey base. Multispecies ‘metamodelling’ techniques offer new opportunities for exploring population dynamics under strong species interdependencies and disease. 2. To investigate ferret extinction risk in plague-affected landscapes, we simultaneously modelled plague epidemiological processes, prairie dog metapopulation dynamics and ferret demographic responses. Ferret population dynamics were investigated at an important release site (Conata Basin in South Dakota) and for 500 artificial prey landscapes spanning a wide range of realistic colony configurations (e.g. total area, # colonies, spatial clustering) and demographic characteristics. 3. Our simulation models indicate that ferrets are unlikely to persist through episodes of plague at Conata Basin unless they can access prey resources from a wider region or unless management actions can otherwise substantially reduce plague transmission. 4. We show that large, diffuse prairie dog metapopulations (those with colonies spread over a region >2500 km 2 ) are most likely to support ferret populations in plague-affected landscapes. Our results also highlight the potential importance of metapopulation connectivity in fuelling plague epizootics and thereby imperilling black-footed ferret conservation efforts. 5. We describe a cycle (c. 5- to 25-year period) of plague-driven population crashes that is an emergent property of our models, and which can destabilize ferret populations. 6. Synthesis and applications. On the basis of our models, we conclude that few North American prairie dog complexes cover sufficient land area to sustain black-footed ferret populations through plague-driven crashes in prey abundance. Consequently, our results underscore the importance of working with many constituents to conserve large prairie dog landscapes in addition to continued development of plague mitigation tools. In addition, the strong relationship between plague-induced oscillatory prey cycles and predator population persistence highlights the potential conservation benefits of imposing strategic barriers to connectivity in areas over which plague outbreak cycles are strongly synchronous.
Ultrafiltration studies on serum magnesium.

OF the four major cations in human extracellular fluid, magnesium has been investigated least. This neglect may be attributed in part to difficulties in methodology, since serum contains only 1 or 2 milliequiv. of magnesium per liter. The magnesium ion, however, is a large component of intracellular fluid and bone. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated its dietary importance in intermediary metabolism.1 2 3 4 Low concentrations of serum magnesium have been reported in patients with rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency,5 diabetic ketosis during insulin therapy,6 and dietary phosphate load7 , 8 and in a child with chronic tremor and a bony lesion thought to .
The NOD2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs2066843 and rs2076756 Are Novel and Common Crohn's Disease Susceptibility Gene Variants

Background The aims were to analyze two novel NOD2 variants (rs2066843 and rs2076756) in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and to elucidate phenotypic consequences. Methodology/Principal Findings Genomic DNA from 2700 Caucasians including 812 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 442 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 1446 healthy controls was analyzed for the NOD2 SNPs rs2066843 and rs2076756 and the three main CD-associated NOD2 variants p.Arg702Trp (rs2066844), p.Gly908Arg (rs2066847), and p.Leu1007fsX1008 (rs2066847). Haplotype and genotype-phenotype analyses were performed. The SNPs rs2066843 (p = 3.01×10−5, OR 1.48, [95% CI 1.23-1.78]) and rs2076756 (p = 4.01×10−6; OR 1.54, [95% CI 1.28-1.86]) were significantly associated with CD but not with UC susceptibility. Haplotype analysis revealed a number of significant associations with CD susceptibility with omnibus p values <10−10. The SNPs rs2066843 and rs2076756 were in linkage disequilibrium with each other and with the three main CD-associated NOD2 mutations (D'>0.9). However, in CD, SNPs rs2066843 and rs2076756 were more frequently observed than the other three common NOD2 mutations (minor allele frequencies for rs2066843 and rs2076756: 0.390 and 0.380, respectively). In CD patients homozygous for these novel NOD2 variants, genotype-phenotype analysis revealed higher rates of a penetrating phenotype (rs2076756: p = 0.015) and fistulas (rs2076756: p = 0.015) and significant associations with CD-related surgery (rs2076756: p = 0.003; rs2066843: p = 0.015). However, in multivariate analysis only disease localization (p<2×10−16) and behaviour (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with the need for surgery. Conclusion/Significance The NOD2 variants rs2066843 and rs2076756 are novel and common CD susceptibility gene variants.