Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zur Grammatik (vor allem) konditionaler V1-Gefüge im Deutschen

Abstract Standardly, verb-first (V1) conditionals are considered to be mere variants of wenn-conditionals; accordingly, left-peripheral V1-clauses are analyzed as embedded into the prefields of declarative apodosis clauses, just like their V-end counterparts. We challenge this view, proposing instead that dependent V1-clauses are syntactically unembedded/unintegrated, and, consequently, that postposed declarative apodosis clauses are either V2-declaratives with prefield ellipsis or V1-declaratives. We argue our case by presenting evidence that (i) wenn-clauses differ considerably from V1-clauses in semantic distribution, (ii) unlike wenn-clauses, V1-clauses do not meet the criteria for syntactic embedding, (iii) the alternatives entailed by (ii) for the structural analysis of a postposed apodosis both have empirical support. As for a syntactic analysis of V1-structures suited to these findings, we argue that a CP adjunction analysis is currently the best option available. We also point out connections between the semantic restrictions on V1-conditionals and the semantics of V1-interrogatives that are suggestive of a common semantic core, which raises hope that our background vision (ultimately, all dependent V-to-C clauses are semantically licensed substitutes for genuine subordinates) may also be true for V1-clauses.
Attention and Brain Activity While Watching Television: Components of Viewer Engagement

Television commercials include elements designed to engage the viewer's attention. Manipulations of the commercial's visual structure that result in rapid pacing or frequent scene changes can be engaging because they require a frequent redirection of visual attention. Manipulations of semantic content through such techniques as the inclusion of humorous or anomalous elements can elicit cognitive engagement. Structural manipulations in videos are known to attenuate the alpha (8 to 13 Hz) rhythm of the electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded over posterior cortical regions involved with visual processes. To examine whether other engaging elements also affect the alpha rhythm, EEG was recorded from 10 participants who viewed television commercials. Principal components analysis was used to decompose the alpha rhythm into underlying factors that varied in spatial topography over the head and in spectral composition. Across commercials, the power of a posterior-distributed alpha component was inversely correlated with the frequency of scene changes. In contrast, a frontal component in the lower frequency portion of the alpha band was attenuated during commercials that elicited high subjective interest, independent of scene change frequency. And, an upper-frequency frontal alpha component was attenuated during commercials for which the item being advertised had a high probability of being subsequently recalled, independent of other factors. These frontal patterns of alpha reactivity are consistent with other neuroimaging results concerning frontal lobe activation by executive processes and episodic memory encoding. With appropriate neurologically guided analysis, EEG signals can provide a unique means of monitoring both perceptual and higher order neurocognitive processes during television viewing.
Thematic Review Series: Skin Lipids. Antimicrobial lipids at the skin surface Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 28, 2007.

The skin surface represents our interface with the external environment, and as such, is our first line of defense against microbial colonization and infection. Lipids at the skin surface are thought to underlie at least part of an antimicrobial barrier. Some of these lipids are synthesized in the epidermis and are carried to the surface as cells differentiate, whereas others are secreted onto the surface from the sebaceous glands. One such group, free sphingoid bases, are known to have broad antimicrobial activity, and our previous studies demonstrate their presence at the skin surface. Free sphingoid bases may be generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of epidermal ceramides. In addition, our preliminary results demonstrate potent antibacterial activity associated with two specific fatty acids derived from sebaceous triglycerides. Most remarkably, one of these fatty acids (sapienic acid, C16:1Δ6), in combination with a low concentration of ethanol, is very effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In fact, this combination was far more effective than mupirocin with or without ethanol. Mupirocin is a “gold standard” for activity against MRSA.
Multidimensional Approach to Detecting Creative Potential in Managers

Creativity is increasingly recognized as a key component to success in the workplace. This article explores the detection of creative potential in managers. In a first part, creative potential is defined and a multivariate approach concerning the psychological resources for creativity is presented. Then, in a second part, an application of this approach to the detection of creative potential of managers is proposed, with two empirical illustrations. The profile of cognitive and conative characteristics associated with creative managers is examined and contrasted with the profile for a different line of work, creative design. In a further study, managers completed several creative thinking divergent production tasks, the results of which showed some task specificity. Thus, the profile for managerial creativity varies, to some extent, with the kind of managerial task, rather than being a general ability.
Emotional Expression : Effect Sizes , Outcome Types , and Moderating Variables

A research synthesis was conducted to examine the relationship between a written emotional expression task and subsequent health. This writing task was found to lead to significantly improved health outcomes in healthy participants. Health was enhanced in 4 outcome types--reported physical health, psychological well-being, physiological functioning, and general functioning--but health behaviors were not influenced. Writing also increased immediate (preto postwriting) distress, which was unrelated to health outcomes. The relation between written emotional expression and health was moderated by a number of variables, including the use of college students as participants, gender, duration of the manipulation, publication status of the study, and specific writing content instructions.
Global Cities: Post-Imperialism and the Internationalization of London

Part one: Cities and the World Economy 1. Introduction 2. World city formation: an overview of recent research 3. World cities, colonial cities: connections and comparisons 4. World cities, colonial urban development: hypotheses and theories Part Two: Imperial City: World City: Colonial City 5. Dependent metropolis: physical and social aspects of London's role in the world economy.
Health and well-being of older workers: comparing their associations with effort–reward imbalance and Pressure, Disorganisation and Regulatory Failure

Work organisation has well-established associations with health. This study compares the associations of Pressure, Disorganisation and Regulatory Failure (PDR) and effort–reward imbalance (ERI) with health and well-being among older workers. Participants were 714 Australian workers aged 45–65 (56.3% female), with a mean age of 54.6 years (SD = 5.0) and a mean of 34.7 working hours per week (SD = 13.9). Hierarchical regression analyses tested the strengths of the associations of both ERI and PDR with work–life conflict and mental health. Independent variables were entered in blocks: demographic characteristics (age and gender), working hours and then ERI or PDR (measured using the four subscales: financial pressure, reward pressure, disorganisation and regulatory failure). Compared to ERI, the PDR subscales collectively accounted for slightly less variance in work–life conflict and slightly more variance in mental health. The PDR subscales also accounted for extra variance in both dependent variables when ERI was included in the model. These findings indicate that PDR is a promising construct that includes elements of work organisation not addressed by ERI.
The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Drug Addiction

Prolonged drug use causes long-lasting neuroadaptations in reward-related brain areas that contribute to addiction. Despite significant amount of research dedicated to understanding the underlying mechanisms of addiction, the molecular underpinnings remain unclear. At the same time, much of the pervasive transcription that encompasses the human genome occurs in the nervous system and contributes to its heterogeneity and complexity. Recent evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important and dynamic role in transcriptional regulation, epigenetic signaling, stress response, and plasticity in the nervous system. Dysregulation of ncRNAs are thought to contribute to many, and perhaps all, neurological disorders, including addiction. Here, we review recent insights in the functional relevance of ncRNAs, including both microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs, and then illustrate specific examples of ncRNA regulation in the context of drug addiction. We conclude that ncRNAs are importantly involved in the persistent neuroadaptations associated with addiction-related behaviors, and that therapies that target specific ncRNAs may represent new avenues for the treatment of drug addiction.
The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Abstract Background:Background: Professionalism is a dynamic, socially constructed idea, rendering it difficult to comprehend. Though characterized by the demonstration of values and behaviors, its meaning has not been fully explored and remains tacit. To explore how first-and second-year master’s of occupational therapy students conceptualize professionalism. Method:Method: This qualitative pilot study evolved from an interpretivist theoretical perspective. Convenience sampling yielded four first-year and seven second-year students from one entry-level master’s program to participate in two separate focus groups. Line-by-line constant comparison methods were used to analyze the data and identify categories. An audit trail, peer debriefing, and member checking were employed. Results:Results: Data analysis of the first-year focus group generated three categories: Searching for explicit examples, Responsibility to the profession, and Building and fulfilling societal responsibility. Analysis of the second-year focus group yielded two categories: Professional values and behaviors and Professionalism as socially constructed. Conclusion:Conclusion: Professionalism is a dynamic concept requiring nuanced understandings specific to context. Students should be encouraged to develop reflective abilities allowing them to analyze and act in a way that is most appropriate for the situation. Understanding students’ conceptualizations of professionalism may better allow occupational therapy regulators, managers, and academic and fieldwork educators to identify teaching and research priorities.
CNN-based sensor fusion techniques for multimodal human activity recognition

Deep learning (DL) methods receive increasing attention within the field of human activity recognition (HAR) due to their success in other machine learning domains. Nonetheless, a direct transfer of these methods is often not possible due to domain specific challenges (e.g. handling of multi-modal sensor data, lack of large labeled datasets). In this paper, we address three key aspects for the future development of robust DL methods for HAR: (1) Is it beneficial to apply data specific normalization? (2) How to optimally fuse multimodal sensor data? (3) How robust are these approaches with respect to available training data? We evaluate convolutional neuronal networks (CNNs) on a new large real-world multimodal dataset (RBK) as well as the PAMAP2 dataset. Our results indicate that sensor specific normalization techniques are required. We present a novel pressure specific normalization method which increases the F1-score by ∼ 4.5 percentage points (pp) on the RBK dataset. Further, we show that late- and hybrid fusion techniques are superior compared to early fusion techniques, increasing the F1-score by up to 3.5 pp (RBK dataset). Finally, our results reveal that in particular CNNs based on a shared filter approach have a smaller dependency on the amount of available training data compared to other fusion techniques.
“Communication is Everything:” The Experiences of Volunteers who use AAC

The aim of this study was to explore the impact that using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) had on the experiences of 24 adults with lifelong disabilities who worked as volunteers. This research forms part of a larger qualitative study of volunteering amongst adults who use AAC. Based on in-depth interviews and grounded theory analysis, the results indicate that communication is central to successful volunteering and, in particular, that access to AAC has the potential to provide valuable support to individuals with complex communication needs who want to volunteer. However, a number of barriers must be addressed in order for this potential to be achieved. Strategies for promoting and supporting adults who use AAC and want to volunteer are discussed.
Clinical and molecular evaluation of non‐dominant hereditary spherocytosis

About 75% of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) patients have the autosomal dominant form of the disease, whereas both parents of the remaining HS patients are clinically and haematologically normal. These patients could have either the autosomal recessive form of the disease or a de novo mutation. We studied 80 randomly chosen, Italian HS children with normal parents. They had different clinical phenotypes (16 mild, 40 moderate, 16 moderately severe and eight severe). These patients were screened for the occurrence of ankyrin or β‐spectrin de novo mutations. To search for ankyrin de novo mutations affecting mRNA accumulation, we studied a (AC)n microsatellite located in the non‐coding sequence of the last exon of the ankyrin gene, and four different exonic polymorphisms in the β‐spectrin gene were utilized for the detection of de novo mutations influencing β‐spectrin mRNA stability. They were also screened for the presence of α‐spectrinLEPRA as well as for the mutation −108T→C in the ankyrin promoter, two variants previously found in some cases of genuinely recessive HS. Twenty‐five patients showed ankyrin de novo mutations and 10 HS subjects had β‐spectrin de novo mutations. Furthermore, we found five patients to be heterozygous for α‐spectrinLEPRA and one heterozygous for the mutation in the ankyrin promoter. Therefore, a molecular diagnosis was achieved in about 50% of the cases. Our data demonstrate that, among HS patients with normal parents, de novo dominant mutants are six times more common than recessive mutations. These results should be considered in view of the genetic counselling of a normal couple with a HS child.
El profesorado ante los conflictos en la educación física. El caso de los juegos de oposición en Primaria

To Learn to coexist is one of the priority issues in education today. Conflicts in physical education show the existence of imbalances in peer interaction. This study investigated the motor conflicts in an opposition’s games learning unit in students from primary school. It was identified the index of conflictivity in those relationships, the behaviors that led to these conflicts and also reactions. The results provided accurate information from the conflict group profile in game situations and served to refocus the following interventions oriented teacher pedagogical transformation of conflicts.
Embodied Inputs and the Classification of Basic and Nonbasic Activity: Implications for Economic Base and Regional Growth Analysis

Studies of the economic base of regional economies and their growth, which use techniques that rely only on labor force or final demand data, will overstate the amount of nonbasic activity supported by exports, produce upwardly biased multipliers, and misclassify activities into basic and nonbasic categories. Input-output analysis is used to introduce a technique that avoids these errors. The contribution of a basic activity to a regional economy is identified as the value added directly and indirectly throughout the economy as a result of export sales. The proper classification of basic and nonbasic activities and, consequently, the development of accurate multipliers depend upon the identification of embodied as well as direct exports. An application of the technique is provided in an analysis of the economic base of Canada's Prairie region and its growth during the 1970s.
MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Human Respiratory Epithelium Affected by Invasive Candida Infection

Invasive candidiasis is potentially life-threatening systemic fungal infection caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). Candida enters the blood stream and disseminate throughout the body and it is often observed in hospitalized patients, immunocompromised individuals or those with chronic diseases. This infection is opportunistic and risk starts with the colonization of C. albicans on mucocutaneous surfaces and respiratory epithelium. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which are involved in the regulation of virtually every cellular process. They regulate and control the levels of mRNA stability and post-transcriptional gene expression. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been associated in many disease states, and miRNA-based therapies are in progress. In this study, we investigated possible variations of miRNA expression profiles of respiratory epithelial cells infected by invasive Candida species. For this purpose, respiratory epithelial tissues of infected individuals from hospital laboratory were accessed before their treatment. Invasive Candida infection was confirmed by isolation of Candia albicans from the blood cultures of the same infected individuals. The purity of epithelial tissues was assessed by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur cytometer; BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) using statin antibody (S-44). TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR (in a TaqMan Low Density Array format) was used for miRNA expression profiling. MiRNAs investigated, the levels of expression of 55 miRNA were significantly altered in infected tissues. Some miRNAs showed dramatic increase (miR-16-1) or decrease of expression (miR-17-3p) as compared to control. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of these miRNA-targeted genes suggests that Candidal infection affect many important biological pathways. In summary, disturbance in miRNA expression levels indicated the change in cascade of pathological processes and the regulation of respiratory epithelial functions following invasive Candidal infection. These findings contribute to our understanding of host cell response to Candidal systemic infections.
Technology-Based Practices for Secondary Students with Learning Disabilities

The researchers conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on technology-based practices for secondary students identified as having learning disabilities (LD) involving instruction and/or assessment that measured some aspect of performance on a general education task or expectation (i.e., test). Technology-based practices included computer- or video-based interventions, multimedia programs, technology-based assessment, and verbatim audio recordings. Three practices appear promising for educating students with LD: (a) hypertext and hypermedia software programs; (b) videodisc instruction involving contextualized learning; and (c) multimedia software. Educational recommendations and directions for future research are offered based upon results.
Merge Path - A Visually Intuitive Approach to Parallel Merging

Merging two sorted arrays is a prominent building block for sorting and other functions. Its efficient parallelization requires balancing the load among compute cores, minimizing the extra work brought about by parallelization, and minimizing inter-thread synchronization requirements. Efficient use of memory is also important. We present a novel, visually intuitive approach to partitioning two input sorted arrays into pairs of contiguous sequences of elements, one from each array, such that 1) each pair comprises any desired total number of elements, and 2) the elements of each pair form a contiguous sequence in the output merged sorted array. While the resulting partition and the computational complexity are similar to those of certain previous algorithms, our approach is different, extremely intuitive, and offers interesting insights. Based on this, we present a synchronization-free, cache-efficient merging (and sorting) algorithm. While we use a shared memory architecture as the basis, our algorithm is easily adaptable to additional architectures. In fact, our approach is even relevant to cache-efficient sequential sorting. The algorithms are presented, along with important cache-related insights.
How should we understand the effect of age on sexual recidivism?

Abstract Research into the effect of age on sexual recidivism risk is a relatively new and developing area of interest and is likely to be of great interest for forensic practitioners responsible for the community supervision of sexual offenders. Meta-analytical and follow-up reconviction studies indicate an inverse relationship between age and sexual recidivism risk, where younger sex offenders pose a greater risk of reconviction than older sex offenders. This finding has led to the development of actuarial risk scales which identify younger sex offenders (<25 years) as posing the greatest risk. However, recent research studies have reported contradictory results to this assumption and found a non-linear relationship between age and sexual recidivism risk. Only a small number of studies have investigated the effect of age on sexual recidivism by comparing age bands and rates of sexual recidivism. Researchers have also considered the effect of age on actuarial risk, which risk factors are associated with which age bands and sexual recidivism rates between sex offender subgroups. The purpose of this paper is to integrate this research and to link commonalities between these studies. This paper organizes the effect of age on sexual recidivism into five categories: (i) the effect of age and actuarial risk; (ii) the effect of age on sexual arousal; (iii) the effect of age-at-release on sexual recidivism risk; (iv) the effect of age-at-first-offence on sexual recidivism risk; and (v) the effect of age on child molesters and rapists on sexual recidivism risk. Important differences were found between age bands of sexual offenders in terms of sexual recidivism risk and actuarial risk factors as well as differences between rapists and child molesters. The relative importance of factoring age when assessing risk in sex offenders is discussed.
On Krause's consensus multi-agent model with state-dependent connectivity (Extended version)

We study a model of opinion dynamics introduced by Krause: each agent has an opinion represented by a real number, and updates its opinion by averaging all agent opini ons that differ from its own by less than 1. We give a new proof of convergence into clusters of agents, with all agents in the s ame cluster holding the same opinion. We then introduce a particular notion of equilibrium stability and provide lower bounds on the inter-cluster distances at a stable equilibrium. To bet ter understand the behavior of the system when the number of agents is large, we also introduce and study a variant involv ing a continuum of agents, obtaining partial convergence resul ts and lower bounds on inter-cluster distances, under some mil d assumptions.