Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bystander Interventions on Behalf of Sexual Assault and Intimate Partner Violence Victims

Using newly available U.S. nationally representative data from the No More study (N = 1,307), this article investigates (a) knowledge of sexual assault and intimate partner violence (IPV) victims within one’s social network; (b) who intervenes, whom they intervene on behalf of, and how they intervene; and (c) the perceived barriers to intervening in IPV specifically. The findings reveal that knowledge of violence, the likelihood of intervening, and the intervention approaches taken all vary demographically and by violence type. Among respondents who have known a victim, one- third report having intervened for sexual assault, while one-half report having intervened for IPV. For both types of violence, respondents are more likely to have intervened on behalf of family or friends than on behalf of more distant network members. However, respondents are more likely to have solicited the help of authorities and less likely to have offered safe haven in instances of sexual assault than in instances of IPV. The most commonly cited barriers to IPV intervention include fear of injury, fear of misinterpretation, and belief that IPV is a private matter, though these vary across demographic groups. These findings indicate that the decision to intervene is highly contextual—contingent on the individual characteristics of the intervener, situational characteristics of the violence, and the relationship between the intervener and the victim.
Salmonella enterica Serotype Urbana Interference with Brucellosis Serology

Abstract Sheep were immunized with killed Salmonella enterica serotype Urbana cells and their sera were tested in various serological tests for antibody to Brucella sp. , Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 and Escherichia coli O:157 H:7. Of the eight sheep, all gave a positive agglutination reaction in the brucellosis buffered antigen plate agglutination test (BPAT), seven gave positive brucellosis standard tube agglutination test (TAT) and complement fixation test (CFT) results and four gave slightly positive reactions in a competitive enzyme immunoassay (CELISA). Seven sera were negative in an indirect enzyme immunoassay (IELISA‐SLPS) using B. abortus smooth lipopolysaccharide (SLPS) antigen and all were negative in a fluorescence polarization assay (FPA‐OPS) using B. abortus O‐polysaccharide antigen. Two sheep gave a slight positive reaction in an IELISA using Brucella rough lipopolysaccharide antigen (IELISA‐RLPS) and four sheep were slightly positive in an FPA using Brucella LPS core antigen (FPA‐CORE). All sheep had high antibody responses to S. enterica serotype Urbana, Y. and E. coli O:157 and 7 were positive for antibody to Y. enterocolitica O:9 when tested by IELISA. The sheep were negative when tested in the FPA using OPS from Y. enterocolitica O:9 but all were strongly positive in the FPA using OPS from E. coli O:157 while seven sheep had titers to S. enterica serotype Urbana. The impact on diagnostic serology for brucellosis is discussed.
Effects of selective media and atmosphere of incubation on the isolation of group A streptococci

The effects of selective media and atmosphere of incubation on the isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were evaluated. Sheep blood agar medium with gentamicin (2.5 or 5.0 mug/ml) was inferior to antibiotic-free sheep blood agar medium. This resulted from the partial restriction of group A streptococcal growth on gentamicin medium. Recovery of beta-hemolytic streptococci from specimens in air, CO2, or anaerobic incubation was evaluated. The isolation of group A streptococci was equivalent in the three incubation atmospheres; however, non-group A beta- hemolytic streptococci were isolated significantly more often from specimens incubated in an anaerobic or CO2 atmosphere than from those incubated in air. Therefore, sheep blood agar medium, stabbed with a wire loop and incubated in air, is recommended for the isolation of group A streptococci from throat swabs.
State and events for Web services: a comparison of five WS-resource framework and WS-notification implementations

The Web services resource framework defines conventions for managing state in distributed systems based on Web services, and WS-notification defines topic-based publish/subscribe mechanisms. We analyze five independent and quite different implementations of these specifications from the perspectives of architecture, functionality, standards compliance, performance, and interoperability. We identify both commonalities among the different systems (e.g., similar dispatching and SOAP processing mechanisms) and differences (e.g., security, programming models, and performance). Our results provide insights into effective implementation approaches. Our results may also provide application developers, system architects, and deployers with guidance in identifying the right implementation for their requirements and in determining how best to use that implementation and what to expect with regard to performance and interoperability.
Understanding the Cellular Function of TRPV2 Channel through Generation of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel proposed to play a critical role in a wide array of cellular processes. Although TRPV2 surface expression was originally determined to be sensitive to growth factor signaling, regulated trafficking of TRPV2 has remained controversial. TRPV2 has proven difficult to study due to the lack of specific pharmacological tools to modulate channel activity; therefore, most studies of the cellular function of TRPV2 rely on immuno-detection techniques. Polyclonal antibodies against TRPV2 have not been properly validated and characterized, which may contribute to conflicting results regarding its function in the cell. Here, we developed monoclonal antibodies using full-length TRPV2 as an antigen. Extensive characterization of these antibodies and comparison to commonly used commercially available TRPV2 antibodies revealed that while monoclonal antibodies generated in our laboratory were suitable for detection of endogenous TRPV2 by western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, the commercially available polyclonal antibodies we tested were not able to recognize endogenous TRPV2. We used our newly generated and validated TRPV2 antibodies to determine the effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on TRPV2 surface expression in heterologous and endogenous expression systems. We found that IGF-1 had little to no effect on trafficking and plasma membrane expression of TRPV2. Overall, these new TRPV2 monoclonal antibodies served to dispel the controversy of the effects of IGF-1 on TRPV2 plasma membrane expression and will clarify the role TRPV2 plays in cellular function. Furthermore, our strategy of using full-length tetrameric TRP channels may allow for the generation of antibodies against other TRP channels of unclear function.
Consensus for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Basal Cell Carcinoma, Including a Cost Analysis of Treatment Methods

BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in the US population affecting approximately 2.8 million people per year. Basal cell carcinomas are usually slow-growing and rarely metastasize, but they do cause localized tissue destruction, compromised function, and cosmetic disfigurement. OBJECTIVE To provide clinicians with guidelines for the management of BCC based on evidence from a comprehensive literature review, and consensus among the authors. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive review of the medical literature was conducted to evaluate the optimal treatment methods for cutaneous BCC, taking into consideration cure rates, recurrence rates, aesthetic and functional outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of the procedures. RESULTS Surgical approaches provide the best outcomes for BCCs. Mohs micrographic surgery provides the highest cure rates while maximizing tissue preservation, maintenance of function, and cosmesis. CONCLUSION Mohs micrographic surgery is an efficient and cost-effective procedure and remains the treatment of choice for high-risk BCCs and for those in cosmetically sensitive locations. Nonsurgical modalities may be used for low-risk BCCs when surgery is contraindicated or impractical, but the cure rates are lower.
A comparative study of Australian cartometric and photogrammetric digital elevation model accuracy

This paper explores the accuracy of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), with particular reference to Australian published DEMs. Direct comparisons were made between cartometric and automatically measured photogrammetric DEMs at various grid spacings with an accurate and dense set of ground truth data. The cartometric DEMs were found to be more accurate than the photogrammetric DEMs for the small study site in this paper, with RMS errors in elevation of approximately 3.5 m and 4.5 m, respectively, and maximum absolute errors in elevation of approximately 12 m and 28 m, respectively. An important factor for environmental prediction studies is slope, and RMS errors in slope were approximately 6 percent and 20 percent for the cartometric and photogrammetric DEMs, respectively, with maximum absolute errors in slope of approximately 75 percent and 290 percent, respectively. However, use of suitable postprocessing such as filtering may reduce the errors in photogrammetric DEMs to at least the same magnitude as cartometric DEMs. The cartometric DEMs were found to satisfy the USGS specifications for Level 2 data.
Semi-automatic P300-based brain-controlled wheelchair

The self mobility is a dream of many persons who suffered with disability. To realize their hope, brain-controlled wheelchair (BCW) will be a powerful system for mobility improvement. P300 is the reliably brain phenomenon that can be used for interpreting brain commands as well as eyes-blink artifact signal. This paper aims to propose a prototype of BCW that allows the persons with severe disabilities to practically control the electric wheelchair in their home environment. The combination of EEG signal between P300 phenomenon and eyes-blink artifact were used as a hybrid BCW system. Furthermore, this hybrid BCW can be operated in automatic navigation and normal control mode. These two modes delivered 4 destination commands in automatic navigation control and 4 direction commands (forward, backward, turn left and turn right) in normal control mode. These commands were selected via P300 processing system. The different pattern of eyes blinking was used for fast stop, on/off P300 system, and mode changing command (2 times, 3 times and 4 times of eyes-blinking respectively). The result show that the prototype BCW can be operated both automatic navigation and brain control mode with safe by 2 times confirmation of P300 command. Without assistant, user can operate this system by them self via defined different pattern of eyes blinking command. 100% accuracy can be achieved in eyes-blinking detection algorithm. With our new design of LED based P300 stimulator, 95% averaged accuracy with the transfer rate of 3.52command/minute can be achieved by simple and timesaving P300 detection algorithm.
Calling context abstraction with shapes

Interprocedural program analysis is often performed by computing procedure summaries. While possible, computing adequate summaries is difficult, particularly in the presence of recursive procedures. In this paper, we propose a complementary framework for interprocedural analysis based on a direct abstraction of the calling context. Specifically, our approach exploits the inductive structure of a calling context by treating it directly as a stack of activation records. We then build an abstraction based on separation logic with inductive definitions. A key element of this abstract domain is the use of parameters to refine the meaning of such call stack summaries and thus express relations across activation records and with the heap. In essence, we define an abstract interpretation-based analysis framework for recursive programs that permits a fluid per call site abstraction of the call stack--much like how shape analyzers enable a fluid per program point abstraction of the heap.
Comparison of LDPC block and LDPC convolutional codes based on their decoding latency

We compare LDPC block and LDPC convolutional codes with respect to their decoding performance under low decoding latencies. Protograph based regular LDPC codes are considered with rather small lifting factors. LDPC block and convolutional codes are decoded using belief propagation. For LDPC convolutional codes, a sliding window decoder with different window sizes is applied to continuously decode the input symbols. We show the required Eb/N0 to achieve a bit error rate of 10-5 for the LDPC block and LDPC convolutional codes for the decoding latency of up to approximately 550 information bits. It has been observed that LDPC convolutional codes perform better than the block codes from which they are derived even at low latency. We demonstrate the trade off between complexity and performance in terms of lifting factor and window size for a fixed value of latency. Furthermore, the two codes are also compared in terms of their complexity as a function of Eb/N0. Convolutional codes with Viterbi decoding are also compared with the two above mentioned codes.
Further results on geometric operators in quantum gravity

We investigate some properties of geometric operators in canonical quantum gravity in the connection approach a la Ashtekar, which are associated with the volume, area and length of spatial regions. We give the motivations for the construction of analogous discretized lattice quantities, compute various quantum commutators of the type [area, volume], [area, length] and [volume, length], and find that they are generally non-vanishing. Although our calculations are performed mostly within a lattice-regularized approach, some are - for special, fixed spin-network configurations - identical to corresponding continuum computations. Comparison with the structure of the discretized theory leads us to conclude that anomalous commutators may be a general feature of operators constructed along similar lines within a continuum loop representation of quantum general relativity; the validity of the lattice approach remains unaffected.
DLC1 is the principal biologically-relevant down-regulated DLC family member in several cancers

The RHO family of RAS-related GTPases in tumors may be activated by reduced levels of RHO GTPase accelerating proteins (GAPs). One common mechanism is decreased expression of one or more members of the Deleted in Liver Cancer (DLC) family of Rho-GAPs, which comprises three closely related genes (DLC1, DLC2, and DLC3) that are down-regulated in a wide range of malignancies. Here we have studied their comparative biological activity in cultured cells and used publicly available datasets to examine their mRNA expression patterns in normal and cancer tissues, and to explore their relationship to cancer phenotypes and survival outcomes. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, DLC1 expression predominated in normal lung, breast, and liver, but not in colorectum. Conversely, reduced DLC1 expression predominated in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSC), lung adenocarcinoma (LAD), breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not in colorectal cancer. Reduced DLC1 expression was frequently associated with promoter methylation in LSC and LAD, while DLC1 copy number loss was frequent in HCC. DLC1 expression was higher in TCGA LAD patients who remained cancer-free, while low DLC1 had a poorer prognosis than low DLC2 or low DLC3 in a more completely annotated database. The poorest prognosis was associated with low expression of both DLC1 and DLC2 (P < 0.0001). In cultured cells, the three genes induced a similar reduction of Rho-GTP and cell migration. We conclude that DLC1 is the predominant family member expressed in several normal tissues, and its expression is preferentially reduced in common cancers at these sites.
Measurement of plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer patients: relationship with clinical stage, Gleason score, prostate volume, and serum prostate-specific antigen.

PURPOSE This study focused on circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with prostate cancer compared to a normal population. METHODS We analyzed 26 normal individuals and 80 patients with prostate cancer. Blood was drawn from all subjects, and plasma was extracted to determine the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor using a quantitative immunoassay technique (ELISA-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). RESULTS The median plasma level of vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly elevated in patients with metastatic disease compared to patients with localized disease and with healthy controls. Patients with serum prostate-specific antigen > 20 ng/mL had significantly higher levels of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor than patients with serum prostate-specific antigen < 20 ng/mL. There was a trend for patients with a Gleason score of 8 to 10 to have higher levels of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor when compared to patients with lower Gleason scores. No relationship was found between plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and clinical staging, or between plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and prostate volume, in patients with localized prostate cancer. CONCLUSION This study indicates that patients with metastatic prostate cancer have higher plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels than patients with localized disease or in healthy controls.
Imagined movements cause pain and swelling in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) is characterized by pain, swelling, and sudomotor and motor dysfunction. The affected limb is exquisitely sensitive, and gentle movements can exacerbate symptoms. Local or spinal mechanisms, or both, may mediate symptoms, including pain. Evidence of altered sensorimotor processing suggests that symptoms may also be mediated by cortical mechanisms.1 This clinical note reports on findings from one patient with CRPS1 in whom imagined movement of the affected limb, without local muscle activity or movement, increased pain and swelling. A woman aged 34 years sought treatment for CRPS1 of the left hand 17 months after an uncomplicated wrist fracture. Management involved performance of a motor imagery task in which she was shown 56 pictures of a hand in various postures (28 left hands and 28 right hands) and was required to imagine adopting the hand posture shown without moving her hand. After performing the task, the patient reported increased pain and swelling in the affected limb. …
Improvements in dynamic programming beam search for phrase-based statistical machine translation.

Search is a central component of any statistical machine translation system. We describe the search for phrase-based SMT in detail and show its importance for achieving good translation quality. We introduce an explicit distinction between reordering and lexical hypotheses and organize the pruning accordingly. We show that for the large Chinese-English NIST task already a small number of lexical alternatives is sufficient, whereas a large number of reordering hypotheses is required to achieve good translation quality. The resulting system compares favorably with the current stateof-the-art, in particular we perform a comparison with cube pruning as well as with Moses.
Population pharmacokinetics of digoxin in Thai pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine the digoxin population pharmacokinetic parameters and influence of various factors on pharmacokinetic parameters in Thai pediatric patients with heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study design and population pharmacokinetic modeling study. The data of 130 patients and 264 samples with an age range of 0.1-15.7-years-old were collected during routine care. Blood samples were drawn at various times after administration. All patients received digoxin administration with a dose ranged of 1.7-13.6 microg/kg/day at Queen Sirikit Heart Center; Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was developed from digoxin data by using NONMEM program (Version V) according to one-compartment of subroutine ADVAN2 TRANS2 model. RESULTS Weight, age, height and the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF) were significant covariates on CL. Weight and the presence of CHF were significant covariates on Vd. The final population model of CL and Vd in pediatric patients were as follows: CL/F (L/h) for infant (0-1 year) = 0.322 * WT (kg); CL/F (L/h) for children (> 1 year) = (0.138 * WT(kg) + 0.0319 * HT (cm) * 0.765CHF; and Vd/F (L) for all ages = 9.27 * WT (kg) * 1.75CHF. The interindividual variability of CL/F, Vd/F and intraindividual variability with proportional error model were 31.48, 35.56, and 41.7%, respectively. In the validation data set (57 samples), predictive performance in terms of bias (ME) and precision (RMSE) were -0.049 ng/mL (95% CI: -0.118-0.020) and 0.269 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.216-0.312), respectively. CONCLUSION This simple final population model of Vd and CL can be used in clinical practice for estimating appropriate dosage regimen of loading dose and maintenance dose, respectively. Current weight, height, and presence of CHF should be taken into account when designing dosage regimen for individualized pediatric patients.
Integrating knowledge management technologies in organizational business processes : getting real time enterprises to deliver real business performance

Purpose – To provide executives and scholars with pragmatic understanding about integrating knowledge management strategy and technologies in business processes for successful performance. Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive review of theory, research, and practices on knowledge management develops a framework that contrasts existing technology-push models with proposed strategy-pull models. The framework explains how the ‘‘critical gaps’’ between technology inputs, related knowledge processes, and business performance outcomes can be bridged for the two types of models. Illustrative case studies of real-time enterprise (RTE) business model designs for both successful and unsuccessful companies are used to provide real world understanding of the proposed framework. Findings – Suggests superiority of strategy-pull models made feasible by new ‘‘plug-and-play’’ information and communication technologies over the traditional technology-push models. Critical importance of strategic execution in guiding the design of enterprise knowledge processes as well as selection and implementation of related technologies is explained. Research limitations/implications – Given the limited number of cases, the framework is based on real world evidence about companies most popularized for real time technologies by some technology analysts. This limited sample helps understand the caveats in analysts’ advice by highlighting the critical importance of strategic execution over selection of specific technologies. However, the framework needs to be tested with multiple enterprises to determine the contingencies that may be relevant to its application. Originality/value – The first comprehensive analysis relating knowledge management and its integration into enterprise business processes for achieving agility and adaptability often associated with the ‘‘real time enterprise’’ business models. It constitutes critical knowledge for organizations that must depend on information and communication technologies for increasing strategic agility and adaptability.