Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design considerations for low-power analog front ends in full-duplex 10GBASE-T transceivers

The speed of Ethernet over copper cables has steadily increased by a factor of 10,000 over the last four decades, from 1Mb/s in the earliest Ethernet implementations to 10Gb/s in recent systems. This paper describes the design considerations on all levels of the 10GBASE-T design hierarchy that form the basis for the implementation of highly power-efficient AFEs in full-duplex 10GBASE-T transceivers. It also shows how these considerations are implemented in a practical design. At frequencies up to 400MHz, the transceiver presented in this paper achieves >62dBc transmitter SFDR, >62dBc echo cancellation (EC) SFDR and >60dB receiver SFDR. Achieving a bit-error-rate (BER) better than 10-15, it dissipates less than 1.75W at full 10Gb/s traffic over a 100m cable, which is the lowest power for a 10GBASE-T AFE published to date.
HIV Case Notification Rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the Past Decade (2000–2009)

Objective To study trends in HIV case notification rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Design A ten year retrospective review of annual HIV case notification returns to the Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods Annual Registry statistics covering the period 2000 to 2009 were reviewed. Annual incidence trends were stratified according to the following demographics: age, nationality, geographical region of residence, gender, and mode of disease acquisition. Results 10,217 new HIV cases (2,956 in Saudi nationals and 7,261 in non-Saudis) were reported. Africans of Sub-Saharan Africa origin accounting for 3,982/7,261 (53%) of non-Saudi cases constituted: Ethiopians (2,271), Nigerians (1,048), and Sudanese nationals (663). The overall average annual incidence was <4 cases per 100,000; 1.5 cases per 100,000 for Saudis (range 0.5–2.5), and 13.2 per 100,000 for non-Saudis (range 5.7–19.0). Notifications increased yearly from 2000 for both groups until a plateau was reached in 2006 at 1,390 new cases. Case notification in Saudi nationals increased from 20% in the early 2001 to 40% in 2009. 4% (124/2,956) of cases were reported in Saudi children. The male to female ratio was 1.6∶1 for non-Saudi nationals (43.8% male, 27.3% female) and 4.4∶1 for Saudis (23.5% male, 5.4% female). Conclusions Whilst the numbers of reported HIV cases have stabilised since 2006, HIV/AIDS remains an important public health problem in KSA, both in migrants and Saudi nationals. HIV transmission to Saudi children is also of concern. Optimization of data collection, surveillance, and pro-active screening for HIV is required.
Warmth in affective mediated interaction: Exploring the effects of physical warmth on interpersonal warmth

Recent research suggests that physical warmth activates perceptions of metaphorical interpersonal warmth and closeness, and increases pro-social behavior. These effects are grounded in our earliest intimate experiences: being held by our loving caregivers. These findings provide reasons to incorporate warmth in devices for distant affective communication, which could simulate one's body heat. An experiment was carried out to gain a better understanding of the implications of physical warmth for mediated social interaction. Moreover, we aimed at disentangling effects of social warmth (body temperature) from effects of non-social warmth (artificial heat sources and ambient temperature). Except for an increase in perceptions of metaphorical warmth as a consequence of higher ambient temperature, no effects were found. We use our study to pinpoint the caveats and challenges that research into warmth in affective mediated interaction faces.
Visual Stuff and Active Vision

This paper examines the status of unattended visual stimuli in the light of recent work on the role of attention in visual perception. Although the question of whether attention is required for visual experience seems very interesting, this paper argues that there currently is no good reason to take a stand on the issue. Moreover, it is argued that much of the allure of that question stems from a continued attachment to the defective ‘inner picture view’ of experience and a mistaken notion that the ultimate goal of vision is to produce visual experience. The paper examines a promising general account of the content and structure of vision and presents reasons for not taking that account to be committed to any substantive claims about the experiential status of unattended visual stimuli. Also addressed are the active nature of vision and the role of vision in enabling our ecological success. These considerations highlight that visual experience is not the whole of vision and that a much more important question about unattended visual stimuli than whether they are consciously experienced is what contribution they make to how we interact with the world.
Formation of Micro and Mesoporous Amorphous Silica-Based Materials from Single Source Precursors

Polysilazanes functionalized with alkoxy groups were designed and synthesized as single source precursors for fabrication of micro and mesoporous amorphous silica-based materials. The pyrolytic behaviors during the polymer to ceramic conversion were studied by the simultaneous thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) analysis. The porosity of the resulting ceramics was characterized by the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopic analyses as well as elemental composition analysis were performed on the polymer-derived amorphous silica-based materials, and the role of the alkoxy group as a sacrificial template for the micro and mesopore formations was discussed from a viewpoint to establish novel micro and mesoporous structure controlling technologies through the polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) route.
PESA: Phrase Pair Extraction as Sentence Splitting

Most statistical machine translation systems use phrase-to-phrase translations to capture local context information, leading to better lexical choice and more reliable local reordering. The quality of the phrase alignment is crucial to the quality of the resulting translations. Here, we propose a new phrase alignment method, not based on the Viterbi path of word alignment models. Phrase alignment is viewed as a sentence splitting task. For a given spitting of the source sentence (source phrase, left segment, right segment) find a splitting for the target sentence, which optimizes the overall sentence alignment probability. Experiments on different translation tasks show that this phrase alignment method leads to highly competitive translation results.
The relationship of freshmen's physics achievement and their related affective characteristics

The purpose of this study was to determine the best-fitting structural equation model between the freshmen's physics achievement and selected affective characteristics related to physics. These characteristics are students' situational interest in physics, personal interest in physics, aspiring extra activities related to physics, importance of physics, importance of electricity, physics course anxiety, physics test anxiety, physics achievement motivation, student motivation in physics, self-efficacy in physics, self-concept in physics, and locus of control. The researchers developed the affective characteristics questionnaire that consisted of 12 subdimensions, and has 53 items related to these subdimensions. The questionnaire was applied to 890 freshmen physics students at the universities in Ankara. Two models were tested: a unidimensional model and a multidimensional model. However, a third model, which is more similar to the multidimensional model, exhibited the best fit for the freshmen. Moreover, the results revealed that achievement motivation was the most influential affective characteristic on physics achievement. On the other hand, motivation in physics had a negative influence on physics achievement in the model, and the influence of the students' attitudes towards physics was not statistically significant. Thus, one should especially pay attention to the students' achievement motivation in physics if the aim is to increase students' physics achievement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1036–1056, 2007
eQTL Mapping of Transposon Silencing Reveals a Position-Dependent Stable Escape from Epigenetic Silencing and Transposition of AtMu1 in the Arabidopsis Lineage[C][W]

This article describes mapping and molecular analysis of the differential transcriptional activity of a MULE1 DNA transposon in two commonly used lab strains. The study is expanded to over 200 accessions to describe the overall polymorphism of this transposon in the Arabidopsis lineage. This study provides insight into natural variation of transposon silencing. Transposons are massively abundant in all eukaryotic genomes and are suppressed by epigenetic silencing. Transposon activity contributes to the evolution of species; however, it is unclear how much transposition-induced variation exists at a smaller scale and how transposons are targeted for silencing. Here, we exploited differential silencing of the AtMu1c transposon in the Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler). The difference persisted in hybrids and recombinant inbred lines and was mapped to a single expression quantitative trait locus within a 20-kb interval. In Ler only, this interval contained a previously unidentified copy of AtMu1c, which was inserted at the 3′ end of a protein-coding gene and showed features of expressed genes. By contrast, AtMu1c(Col) was intergenic and associated with heterochromatic features. Furthermore, we identified widespread natural AtMu1c transposition from the analysis of over 200 accessions, which was not evident from alignments to the reference genome. AtMu1c expression was highest for insertions within 3′ untranslated regions, suggesting that this location provides protection from silencing. Taken together, our results provide a species-wide view of the activity of one transposable element at unprecedented resolution, showing that AtMu1c transposed in the Arabidopsis lineage and that transposons can escape epigenetic silencing by inserting into specific genomic locations, such as the 3′ end of genes.
The Cultural Relations of Classification: An Analysis of Nuaulu Animal Categories from Central Seram

1. Introduction 2. The language of classification 3. Processes of identification and the structure of categories 4. The relations between non-basic categories 5. Consistency, sharing and flexibility 6. Social intrusions and cultural styles 7. Changes in classifying behaviour 8. Cognition and cultural relations of prehension Appendices Notes References Indexes.
Skin Island Flaps Supplied by the Vascular Axis of the Sensitive Superficial Nerves: Anatomic Study and Clinical Experience in the Leg

An anatomic study performed on 64 fresh injected legs has shown the role of the vascular axis that follows the superficial sensitive nerves in supplying the skin. Three nerves were studied: the saphenous nerve, the superficial peroneal nerve, and the sural nerve. Conclusions are the same for the three nerves: The vascular axis, which can be either a true artery or an interlacing network, ensures the vascularization of the nerves, gives off several cutaneous branches in the suprafascial course of the nerve, and anastomoses with the septocutaneous arteries issuing from a deep main vessel. The superficial nerves that course the leg can therefore be considered as vascular relays owing to their neurocutaneous arteries. The concept of a neuroskin island flap has been developed and applied to six clinical cases for coverage of some specific areas of the knee and of the lower part of the limb.
Need accurate user behaviour?: pay attention to groups!

In this paper, we show that characterizing user behaviour from location or smartphone usage traces, without accounting for the interaction of individuals in physical-world groups, can lead to erroneous results. We conducted one of the largest studies in the UbiComp domain thus far, involving indoor location traces of more than 6,000 users, collected over a 4-month period at our university campus, and further studied fine-grained App usage of a subset of 156 Android users. We apply a state-of-the-art group detection algorithm to annotate such location traces with group vs. individual context, and then show that individuals vs. groups exhibit significant differences along three behavioural traits: (1) the mobility pattern, (2) the responsiveness to calls / SMSs and (3) application usage. We show that these significant differences are robust to underlying errors in the group detection technique and that the use of such group context leads to behavioural results that differ from those reported in prior popular work.
Organization and evolution of naphthalene catabolic pathways: sequence of the DNA encoding 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase from the NAH7 plasmid

The sequence of a 2,437-bp DNA segment from the naphthalene upper catabolic pathway operon of plasmid NAH7 was determined. This segment contains three large open reading frames designated nahQ', nahE, and nahD. The first of these is the 3' end of an open reading frame that has no known function, the second (993 bp) encodes trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase (deduced molecular weight, 36,640), and the third (609 bp) encodes 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase (deduced molecular weight, 23,031). This DNA has a high degree of sequence homology (greater than 91% for the first 2161 bp) with a DNA segment from the dox (dibenzothiophene oxidation) operon of Pseudomonas sp. strain C18, which encodes a pathway analogous to that encoded by NAH7. However, 84 bp downstream from nahD, the last gene in the nah operon, this homology ends. This 84-bp sequence at the downstream end of nah and dox homology has 76% homology to a sequence that occurs just upstream of the nah promoter in NAH7. These directly repeated 84-bp sequences thus encompass the upper-pathway nah operon and constitute the ends of a highly conserved region.
Improved detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using two independent PCR targets in a tertiary care centre in South India.

INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide as one of the leading infectious diseases. In India, more than 1.8 million new cases occur every year. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of TB would improve patient care and limit its transmission. This study aimed to evaluate a dual target polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic assay to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary samples at a tertiary care centre in South India. METHODOLOGY Samples were collected from patients with a low index of suspicion of TB. Acid-fast smears were performed by Auramine O fluorescent microscopy and PCR was performed by using two site-specific primer pairs targeting IS6110 by nested PCR and TRC4 by conventional PCR. Amplified products for IS6110 and/or TRC4 were indicative of M. tuberculosis. RESULTS Among 114 (19 pulmonary and 95 extra-pulmonary) samples tested by PCR assay, 12 (11%) were positive for both IS6110 and TRC4, of which 11 (10%) were non-respiratory and one was (1%) respiratory in origin. PCR for TRC4 alone was positive for eight (7%) non-respiratory and two (2%) respiratory samples, while IS6110 alone tested positive for six (5%) non-respiratory samples and one (1%) respiratory sample. Of a total of 29 PCR positive samples, 17 (15 %) were acid-fast smear positive. CONCLUSION Although the target site of IS6110 is specific for M. tuberculosis, some strains from South India may lack this region. Therefore, the use of an additional target site (TRC4) is required for improved detection of M. tuberculosis.
A unified framework for the study of behavioral consistency: bridging person×situation interaction and the consistency paradox

During the past three decades the debates on cross‐situational consistency and the analysis of person×situation interaction have developed largely in parallel, employing two distinct research paradigms. The fundamental theoretical questions addressed by both remain ultimately the same, but the differences in the paradigms they have employed prevented findings from one from bearing on the other. The goal of this article is to provide a unifying framework that bridges these two paradigms and helps resolve the ‘consistency paradox’ by combining the advantages of both. Specifically, the framework clarifies the relationships between variance components and aspects of behavioral consistency such as cross‐situational consistency, temporal stability, the stability of behavioral signatures, and the utility of forming various types of aggregate predictor. It also places competing accounts of low cross‐situational consistency within a unifying framework, and shows that they are not contradictory but complementary facets of the general relationship between the organization of behavior and cross‐situational consistency. These formal relationships and predictions are illustrated using the Carleton College data of Mischel and Peake (1982). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leadership, Trust, and Effectivemess in Virtual Teams

Many organizations are using virtual teams to meet the increasing time and quality expectations of contemporary marketplaces. While virtual teams present advantages for cost control, access to expertise, and serving markets, they also engender practical challenges as a result of the geographic and temporal distribution of members. Previous research has suggested several factors that are critical for the functioning of virtual teams. We build upon this research with an exploration of the relationships between team leader personality, team member trust, and perceived team effectiveness in virtual teamwork. Participants in the study included 873 virtual team members within a combined government and commercial engineering environment. Our findings suggest that multiple facets of a team leader’s personality have a significant impact on team effectiveness, but this effect is largely mediated through team trust. Implications for organizational managers, virtual team leaders, and the research community are discussed.
Ring-theoretic foundation of convolutional network coding

Convolutional network coding deals with the propagation of symbol streams through a network with a linear time-invariant encoder at every node. When the symbol alphabet is a field F, a symbol stream becomes a power series over F. Physical implementation requires the coding/decoding kernels be restricted to finite objects. A proper domain for convolutional network coding consists of rational power series rather than polynomials, because polynomial coding kernels do not necessarily correspond to polynomial decoding kernels when the network includes a cycle. One naturally wonders what algebraic structure makes rational power series a suitable domain for coding/decoding kernels. The proposed answer by this paper is discrete valuation ring (DVR). A general abstract theory of convolutional network coding is formulated over a generic DVR and does not confine convolutional network coding to the combined space-time domain. Abstract generality enhances mathematical elegance, depth of understanding, and adaptability to practical applications. Optimal convolutional network codes at various levels of strength are introduced and constructed for delivering highest possible data rates.
Profiles of Cognitive Developmental Performance in Gifted Children

This quasiexperimental research studies the effect of socioeconomic status (SES), language learning, and culture on gifted Hispanic children's performance in an alternative developmental scale (Qualitative Use of English and Spanish Tasks) of cognitive ability for generating developmental profiles. Results showthe effect of SES and language learning across linguistic and cultural factors, revealing developmental continuities and discontinuities. Theoretical and practical educational implications are to include and generate developmentally appropriate assessments that uncover cultural-linguistic giftedness.
Destination enlightenment: Branding Buddhism and spiritual tourism in Bodhgaya, Bihar

In 2002 the Mahabodhi Temple Complex in Bodhgaya was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site. As the alleged site of Buddha's enlightenment it is one of the most revered and sanctified places for Buddhists around the world. This international designation has also set in motion a series of development proposals and heritage policies that seek to rehabilitate and recreate this centre of world Buddhism that provides glimpses of the land of enlightenment as it used to be in the times of the Buddha. Central to these initiatives are plans on behalf of the Bihar state tourism department to promote Brand Buddhism and spiritual tourism through the establishment of an 18 hole golf course and five-star hotels. These development proposals along with the recent UNESCO World Heritage designation have brought to the foreground the multiplicity of stakeholders in competition over the site's spiritual capital today. This paper will explore some of the contradictions and entanglements over Bodhgaya's present and uncertain future.
Pre-operative localization and tissue uptake study in parathyroid imaging with technetium-99m-sestamibi.

BACKGROUND The diagnostic ability of 99mTc-sestamibi was compared with other techniques and the mechanism of parathyroid uptake was investigated. METHODS Double-phase 99mTc-sestamibi scanning was performed in 52 primary and 28 renal hyperparathyroidism patients. Gene expressions of mdr1 and mrp were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in parathyroid tissue. RESULTS The sensitivity of 99Tc-sestamibi in primary and renal hyperparathyroidism was 91% and 75%, respectively, higher than for ultrasonography, T1/Tc subtraction scintigraphy, or computed tomography. Early 99mTc-sestamibi uptake was washed out in delayed images in 7% and 30% of glands in primary and renal hyperparathyroidism, respectively. Expression of mdr1 and mrp mRNA was found in 5 of 23 and 16 of 31 glands, respectively, and their expression correlated with washout in delayed images. CONCLUSION 99mTc-sestamibi was the best localization test. mdr1 and mrp were associated with 99Tc-sestamibi washout, but their role in the parathyroid remains unclear.
Severe Epstein–Barr virus infection in primary immunodeficiency and the normal host

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is ubiquitous in humans, but the majority of infections have an asymptomatic or self‐limiting clinical course. Rarely, individuals may develop a pathological EBV infection with a variety of life threatening complications (including haemophagocytosis and malignancy) and others develop asymptomatic chronic EBV viraemia. Although an impaired ability to control EBV infection has long been recognised as a hallmark of severe T‐cell immunodeficiency, the advent of next generation sequencing has identified a series of Primary Immunodeficiencies in which EBV‐related pathology is the dominant feature. Chronic active EBV infection is defined as chronic EBV viraemia associated with systemic lymphoproliferative disease, in the absence of immunodeficiency. Descriptions of larger cohorts of patients with chronic active EBV in recent years have significantly advanced our understanding of this clinical syndrome. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of these diseases and clinical syndromes, and discuss approaches to the investigation and treatment of severe or atypical EBV infection.