Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latino Park Access: Examining Environmental Equity in a "New Destination" County in the South

This paper examines Latino migration to a “new destination” county in the southeastern U.S., Hall County, Georgia, where environmental equity is considered in terms of Latino communities’ walking access to public and private parks in the county. Park access is considered an environmental equity or justice issue because some research shows less park acreage available to minority and immigrant communities, compared to communities where residents are mostly white and U.S. born. Given that much Latino settlement in the county has occurred in working class, majority white neighborhoods, I examine the amount of parkland acreage that, in 2000, was adjacent to neighborhoods with significant Latino, white, and African American populations. Findings show that formerly working class white communities contained considerably fewer park acres than more affluent, mostly white communities elsewhere in the county. Consequentially, Latinos moving into these areas had access to little park acreage relative to amounts available in the county. Results suggest that Latinos must live in more integrated, middle- and upper-income neighborhoods to access a greater amount of parkland acreage. Information from this study can be used to help inform park planning at the municipal and county levels, with a particular focus on improving access for the county’s Latino populations. Latino settlement is confined largely to two central-city (Gainesville, Georgia) census tracts where the amount of land available for park conversion is extremely limited. White settlement, on the other hand, extends to the outlying suburbs with more potentially convertible land. Possible strategies to address the relative lack of parkland in higher density Latino communities include converting land from existing uses such as abandoned landfills, rail yards or lines to park acreage; or the establishment of land sharing initiatives whereby neighborhood residents use schoolyards or even cemeteries for recreation. The larger task, however, for city leaders and community organizers is to involve the affected citizenry in decisions about parkland conversion; as Harnik (2010) argues, the most effective strategies for increasing park acreage involve grassroots, political engagement. Indeed, procedural justice, or the participation of nonwhite, minority, and poor communities in decisions about the production and distribution of both environmental burdens and goods (park resources) is a central tenant of environmental equity.
Brownian distance covariance

Distance correlation is a new class of multivariate dependence coefficients applicable to random vectors of arbitrary and not necessarily equal dimension. Distance covariance and distance correlation are analogous to product-moment covariance and correlation, but generalize and extend these classical bivariate measures of dependence. Distance correlation characterizes independence: it is zero if and only if the random vectors are independent. The notion of covariance with respect to a stochastic process is introduced, and it is shown that population distance covariance coincides with the covariance with respect to Brownian motion; thus, both can be called Brownian distance covariance. In the bivariate case, Brownian covariance is the natural extension of product-moment covariance, as we obtain Pearson product-moment covariance by replacing the Brownian motion in the defin- ition with identity. The corresponding statistic has an elegantly simple com- puting formula. Advantages of applying Brownian covariance and correlation vs the classical Pearson covariance and correlation are discussed and illustrated.
Many-Sources Large Deviations for Max-Weight Scheduling

In this paper, a many-sources large deviations principle (LDP) for the transient workload of a multiqueue single-server system is established where the service rates are chosen from a compact, convex, and coordinate-convex rate region and where the service discipline is the max-weight policy. Under the assumption that the arrival processes satisfy a many-sources LDP, this is accomplished by employing Garcia's extended contraction principle that is applicable to quasi-continuous mappings. For the traditional single-server queue (simplex rate-region), an LDP for the stationary workload is also established under the additional requirements that the scheduling policy be work-conserving and that the arrival processes satisfy certain mixing conditions. The LDP results can be used to calculate asymptotic buffer overflow probabilities accounting for the multiplexing gain, e.g., when the arrival process is an average of i.i. d. processes. The rate function for the stationary workload is expressed in term of the rate functions of the finite-horizon workloads when the arrival processes have i.i. d. increments.
Spontaneous recognition in rats : synaptic plasticity and neurodevelopmental challenge

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv. TABLE OF CONTENTS . v. LIST OF TABLES . ix. LIST OF FIGURES . x. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi. 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Learning and Memory . 1 1.2. Definition and Characteristics of Recognition Memory . 1 1.3. Animal Preparations of Recognition Memory.3 1.4. Mechanisms of Recognition Memory . 5 1.4. 1. Brain Regions of Interest . 5 1.4. 2. Cortical Anatomy and Connections of Perirhinal Cortex . 6 1.4. 3. Neurobiological Substrates of Recognition Memory.11 1.5. Implications of Studying Recognition Memory for Mental Illness.16 1.5. 1. Neurodevelopmental Disease and Appropriate Models . 17 1.5. 2. Disrupted Synaptic Plasticity in Key Brain Regions . 18 1.6. Study Design and Hypothesis.19 1.6. 1. Experiment 1 . 19 1.6. 2. Experiment 2 . 20 2. EXPERIMENT 1: AMPA RECEPTOR ENDOCYTOSIS IN RAT PERIRHINAL CORTEX UNDERLIES THE RETRIEVAL OF OBJECT MEMORY . 21 2.
FREQUENCY OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA AND CARCINOMAS IN WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most frequent disorders of vaginal ecosystem in women during their reproductive life. The first concept in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis points out that the unfamiliar initial influence on vaginal ecosystem decreases lactobacillus concentration, which results in the increase of vaginal secretion pH and multiplication of Gardnerela vaginalis and other anaerobes. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of cervical neoplasia in women with and without bacterial vaginosis. The research included 158 patients, between 18 and 51 years of age, at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Nis. Clinical processing of patients consisted of cytological, colposcopic and pathohistological examinations. Bacterial vaginosis was, beside clue cell detection with native preparation, diagnosed by the application of other Amsel’s criteria: presence of characteristic vaginal secretion, positive amino test, values of vaginal secretion pH over 4.5. The results showed that 23.42% of the patients had bacterial vaginosis. The greatest percent of the patients with bacterial vaginosis (24.32%) was between 20 and 34 years of age. In the examined population, 7.59% of the patients had positive pathohistological finding. The number of normal pathohistological findings was statistically significantly lower in the patients with bacterial vaginosis (75.68%) than in those without bacterial vaginosis (97.52%), (χ 2 =16.28, p<0.001). Acta Medica Medianae 2011;50(1):5-10.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LAZARUS MULTIMODAL THERAPY ON SELF-EFFICACY IN WOMEN WITH OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

Because of high outbreak of OCD syndrome in society and its negative impacts on the life of patients and according to the role of women in developing health in the society and family, this research investigate the effectiveness of Lazarus multimodal therapy on self-efficacy in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In this study, a treatment method of Multimodal Counselling Therapy as the independent variable and the variable of self-efficacy as dependent variables were considered. The statistical population of present study was including women OCD patients that referred to psychiatry clinics of Tehran city, and their OCD was endorsement by psychiatrists. In a 5 month survey, all of them population was 350 patients. Sample study was selected by purposeful method and 30 patients was selected based on acquire the higher score of OCD test. Those of the 30 people who meet the entry criteria were randomly selected in both experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups, respectively. For experimental group we used Multimodal Counselling Therapy protocol based on Corey (1991) in 10 sessions in 10 weeks and each session was 45 minutes, and control group no received any treatment. Our finding showed that effect of covariance variable is significance difference that related to intervention. Results showed significance difference between groups of experimental and control, in the other words, 63.7 percent of self-efficacy of OCD women is related to a period of Multimodal Counselling Therapy. Our findings showed that Multimodal Counselling Therapy can use for increase the self-efficacy in OCD women.
Extensive Transcriptome Changes Underlying the Flower Color Intensity Variation in Paeonia ostii

Tree peonies are a group of traditional ornamental plants, especially in East Asia, with Paeonia ostii as one of the most important ancestral species. P. ostii has flowers with varying colors, ranging from nearly white, light pink to deep pink. However, few studies have been done to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the flower color intensity variation in plants. Based on comparative analyses of the pigment composition and transcriptomes of P. ostii with different flower color intensities, we found that the anthocyanin concentration was significantly correlated with the flower color intensity in P. ostii. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Sequencing revealed 7187 genes that were differentially expressed between flowers with different color intensities. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed multiple pathways possibly responsible for color intensity variation in P. ostii, including flavonoid biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormone-mediated signaling. Particularly, while anthocyanin biosynthesis genes showing positive correlations between their expression and anthocyanin concentration in flowers, two transcription factors, PoMYB2 and PoSPL1, seem to negatively regulate anthocyanin accumulation by affecting the activation capacity of the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex, exhibiting an inverse relationship between their expression and anthocyanin accumulation. Our results showed that, although anthocyanin biosynthesis had a direct effect on the pigmentation of the P. ostii flower, other metabolic and hormone-mediated signaling pathways were also contributed to the flower color intensity variation in P. ostii, suggesting complex coordinated changes in the transcriptional network. Differential expression of genes encoding anthocyanin repressors seems to be the major factor responsible for the intensity variation in anthocyanin pigmentation in P. ostii.
Diagnostic parameters for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in Egyptian patients with and without underlying malignancies

Ascites can present a challenging diagnostic problem. Bacteria causingspontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) may differ in patients with and withoutunderlying malignancies. To date, reports focusing on patients with malignanciesand ascites are less. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalenceand causative agents of SBP in cancer and non cancer patients and the antibacterialsusceptibilities of these microorganisms. Also, to identify differences, if any, inpolymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count, interleukin (IL)-6 concentration, and differentbiochemical diagnostic parameters, we analyzed for infected and non infected ascitesin both groups.
Search for a solution of the Pioneer anomaly

In 1972 and 1973 the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions were launched. They were the first to explore the outer solar system and achieved stunning breakthroughs in deep-space exploration. But beginning in about 1980 an unmodelled force of ∼8×10−8 cm s−2, directed approximately towards the Sun, appeared in the tracking signal. It later was unambiguously verified as being in the data and not an artefact. The cause remains unknown (although radiant heat remains a likely origin). With time more and more effort has gone into understanding this anomaly (and also possibly related effects). We review the situation and describe ongoing programmes to resolve the issue.
The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: the role of galaxy environment in the cosmic star formation history

Using galaxy samples drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey, we study the relationship between star formation and environment at z ∼ 0.1 and 1. We estimate the total star formation rate (SFR) and specific star formation rate (sSFR) for each galaxy according to the measured [O II] λ 3727 A nebular line luminosity, corrected using empirical calibrations to match more robust SFR indicators. Echoing previous results, we find that in the local Universe star formation depends on environment such that galaxies in regions of higher overdensity, on average, have lower SFRs and longer star formation time-scales than their counterparts in lower density regions. At z ∼ 1, we show that the relationship between sSFR and environment mirrors that found locally. However, we discover that the relationship between total SFR and overdensity at z ∼ 1 is inverted relative to the local relation. This observed evolution in the SFR-density relation is driven, in part, by a population of bright, blue galaxies in dense environments at z ∼ 1. This population, which lacks a counterpart at z ∼ 0, is thought to evolve into members of the red sequence from z ∼ 1 to ∼ 0. Finally, we conclude that environment does not play a dominant role in the cosmic star formation history at z < 1: the dependence of the mean galaxy SFR on local galaxy density at constant redshift is small compared to the decline in the global SFR space density over the last 7 Gyr.
Ageing and Switching of the Focus of Attention in Working Memory: Results from a Modified N-Back Task

We conducted two experiments using a modified version of the N-Back task. For younger adults, there was an abrupt increase in reaction time of about 250 ms in passing from N = 1 to N > 1, indicating a cost associated with switching of the focus of attention within working memory. Response time costs remained constant over the range N = 2 to N = 5. Accuracy declined steadily over the full range of N (Experiment 1). Focus switch costs did not interact with either working memory updating (Experiment 1), or global task switching (Experiment 2). There were no age differences in RT costs once general slowing was taken into account, but there was a larger focus-switch-related accuracy cost in older adults than in younger adults. No age sensitivity was found for either updating or global task switching. The results suggest (a) that focus switching is a cognitive primitive, distinct from task switching and updating, and (b) that focus switching shows a specific age-related deficit in the accuracy domain.
Possible Application of Raman Microspectroscopy to Verify the Interstitial Cystitis Diagnosis after Potassium Sensitivity Test: Phenylalanine or Tryptophan as a Biomarker

There is lack of a worldwide standard technique for clinical diagnosis of interstitial cystitis (IC). Raman spectroscopy with higher specificity and sensitivity has been extensively used to act as a non-destructive analytical technique without special sample preparation. In this preliminary study, possible use of Raman microspectroscopy as an IC diagnostic tool was attempted. Twenty-two participants were screened by clinical features, history, urodynamic evaluations and potassium sensitivity test (PST). The freeze-dried water samples voided from all the participants after PST were directly determined by using a confocal Raman microspectroscopy to search the biomarker. Participants with or without IC symptom were separated into control and clinical groups, according to the above screening. The participants in the clinical group were further divided into mild and severe subgroups by PST. The symptom of urinary pain and urgency was significant difference between the mild and severe subgroups (p < 0.05). A significant increase in urinary frequency but a marked reduction in bladder capacity, maximum cystometric capacity and maximum voiding flow rate were obtained for clinical group of IC participants, as compared with the result of control group (p < 0.05). By using Raman microspectroscopic determination, the band near 1003 or 1005 cm−1 assigned to phenylalanine was respectively detected from the freeze-dried water sample of control group or mild subgroup, but the band at 1010 cm−1 due to tryptophan was found in the freeze-dried water sample of severe subgroup. The result of this preliminary study first suggests a possible application of Raman microspectroscopy to strongly certify the results of PST for IC diagnosis. Phenylalanine or tryptophan might be acted as a biomarker to assist the diagnosis of IC after PST. Particularly, the appearance of tryptophan might be used to discriminate the severity of IC symptom.
Hemodynamic Characteristics Regarding Recanalization of Completely Coiled Aneurysms: Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis Using Virtual Models Comparison

Purpose Hemodynamic factors are considered to play an important role in initiation and progression of the recurrence after endosaccular coiling of the intracranial aneurysms. We made paired virtual models of completely coiled aneurysms which were subsequently recanalized and compared to identify hemodynamic characteristics related to the recurred aneurysmal sac. Materials and Methods We created paired virtual models of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in five aneurysms which were initially regarded as having achieved complete occlusion and then recurred during follow-up. Paired virtual models consisted of the CFD model of 3D rotational angiography obtained in the recurred aneurysm and the control model of the initial, parent artery after artificial removal of the coiled and recanalized aneurysm. Using the CFD analysis of the virtual model, we analyzed the hemodynamic characteristics on the neck of each aneurysm before and after its recurrence. Results High wall shear stress (WSS) was identified at the cross-sectionally identified aneurysm neck at which recurrence developed in all cases. A small vortex formation with relatively low velocity in front of the neck was also identified in four cases. The aneurysm recurrence locations corresponded to the location of high WSS and/or small vortex formation. Conclusion Recanalized aneurysms revealed increased WSS and small vortex formation at the cross-sectional neck of the aneurysm. This observation may partially explain the hemodynamic causes of future recanalization after coil embolization.
Improving Student Social Skills through the Use of Cooperative Learning Strategies.

This report describes a program for increasing the targeted student's ability to demonstrate appropriate use of social skills in a cooperative base group setting. The targeted population consisted of elementary students in an urban middle class Midwestern community. The problem of lack of appropriate social skills was documented through teacher observation and student surveys. A review of solution strategies resulted in the selection of interventions: development of a series of lesson plans to teach appropriate social skills, establishment of cooperative learning base groups, and development of assessment instruments to measure the changes in students learning and behavior. Post intervention data indicated an increase in student use of appropriate social skills, an increase in the awareness of classmates' use of appropriate social skills, and an improvement in the students' ability to work successfully in groups. Recommendations include insuring that the teacher assigning the students to the base groups knows the students well before attempting to appropriately group them. Further, teachers need to consider subject area curricular demands when determining a schedule for teaching social skills in the departmentalized settings. Finally, it is recommended that a departmentalized teacher solicit teachers in other curricular areas to determine their interest in working together on a cross-curricular base group project. (Contains 24 references and 5 tables.) (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Adaptive Robust Control - Theory and Application to Precision and Energy Saving Control of Electro-Hydraulic Systems

The salient features of the proposed adaptive robust control (ARC) lie in the seamless integration of (i) appropriate nonlinear robust feedback controls that are physically realizable while having targeted local high-gain feedback so that the effect of various model uncertainties can be sufficiently attenuated to guarantee certain consistent robust control performance and (ii) controlled learning to reduce model uncertainties to maximize the achievable control performance and facilitate the construction of certain built-in intelligences. Such a design philosophy is well in-line with how human beings utilize feedback information and makes it well suited for the integrated design of intelligent and precision mechatronic systems, as demonstrated through various applications including the electrical motor driven mechanical systems with control accuracy down to sub-micrometer levels and piezo-electrical actuator driven nano-positioning systems for nanotechnology applications. This paper is to introduce researchers and practicing engineers to the essences of such an advanced nonlinear control design methodology. The energy-saving control of electro- hydraulic systems using novel programmable valves are used as an application example and comparative experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented ARC approach.
The Aquarius Project : the subhalos of galactic halos

We have performed the largest ever particle simulation of a Milky Way-sized dark matter halo, and present the most comprehensive convergence study for an individual dark matter halo carried out thus far. We have also simulated a sample of 6 ultrahighly resolved Milky-way sized halos, allowing us to estimate the halo-to-halo scatter in substructure statistics. In our largest simulation, we resolve nearly 300,000 gravitationally bound subhalos within the virialized region of the halo. Simulations of the same object differing in mass resolution by factors up to 1800 accurately reproduce the largest subhalos with the same mass, maximum circular velocity and position, and yield good convergence for the abundance and internal properties of dark matter substructures. We detect up to four generations of subhalos within subhalos, but contrary to recent claims, we find less substructure in subhalos than in the main halo when regions of equal mean overdensity are compared. The overall substructure mass fraction is much lower in subhalos than in the main halo. Extrapolating the main halo’s subhalo mass spectrum down to an Earth mass, we predict the mass fraction in substructure to be well below 3% within 100 kpc, and to be below 0.1% within the Solar Circle. The inner density profiles of subhalos show no sign of converging to a fixed asymptotic slope and are well fit by gently curving profiles of Einasto form. The mean concentrations of isolated halos are accurately described by the fitting formula of Neto et al. down to maximum circular velocities of 1.5 km s, an extrapolation over some 5 orders of magnitude in mass. However, at equal maximum circular velocity, subhalos are more concentrated than field halos, with a characteristic density that is typically ∼ 2.6 times larger and increases with decreasing distance from halo centre.