Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Discrimination Learning in Rats with Lesions of Superior Colliculus: Door-Push and Approach Errors in Modified Jumping Stand

It has been suggested that, for some species, lesions of the superior colliculus affect visual discrimination learning, but only in certain conditions: (a) when problems are first learnt only after operation, or (b) when discriminanda require detailed scanning, or (c) when “approach” responses to the discriminanda are measured, rather than the response of actually touching them. These suggestions were examined in rats learning visual discriminations in a modified jumping-stand apparatus, after sustaining large lesions of the superior colliculus (and in some cases also of the pretectum). The lesions produced open-field hyperactivity and reduced exploration, indicating effective tectal damage, but the rats learnt a series of difficult discriminations in a door-push task as fast as normal rats, and they did not make more approach errors. Their main abnormality in the discrimination apparatus was that they looked less often between the stimulus doors before stepping across to one of them from the central platform. It is suggested that in rats, as in other animals, lesions of the superior colliculus disrupt the control of scanning head and eye movements; in rats, however, such disruption need not affect discrimination learning (at least in some kinds of apparatus), possibly because the retina of the rat has a relatively poorly developed area centralis.
Oxidative stress assessed in saliva from patients with acute myocardial infarction. A preliminary study.

UNLABELLED There is evidence that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with increasing production of reactive oxygen species and tissue injury. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of oxidative stress indices in saliva 24 and 48h after AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a prospective study comparing salivary levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with AMI with elevation of the ST segment in electrocardiogram versus clinically healthy subjects. Oxidative stress indices including the rate of oxidation of 2'7' dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) were evaluated in saliva from patients with AMI at 24 and 48 hours. At each sampling time, blood was drawn for serum markers of myocardial infarction. RESULTS This study included ten patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and ten clinically healthy controls. Mean age was 67.8 +/- 11.1 vs. 48.7 +/- 4.1 years (p < 0.001) and gender was 60% male vs. 50% (p > 0.05) for AMI vs. controls, respectively. Our results demonstrated an increase in the rate of oxidation of DCFH-DA in the myocardial infarction group as compared with controls (p = 0.004), which remained unchanged at 48h. There was no difference in salivary catalase activity between controls and AML subjects at 24h or at 48h post-diagnosis (p = 0.157). The relationship between CAT48 and DCFH-DA48 was fairly significant (r = 0.39; p = 0.053). CONCLUSION This preliminary study showed that biomarkers of oxidative stress are detectable in saliva of patients with acute myocardial infarction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Future studies using a larger population are needed to confirm these observations and to explore the possibility of using the saliva to monitor evolving diagnosis and prognosis in acute coronary syndrome.
Egg size and emergence timing affect morphology and behavior in juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Abstract Variation in early life history traits often leads to differentially expressed morphological and behavioral phenotypes. We investigated whether variation in egg size and emergence timing influence subsequent morphology associated with migration timing in juvenile spring Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Based on evidence for a positive relationship between growth rate and migration timing, we predicted that fish from small eggs and fish that emerged earlier would have similar morphology to fall migrants, while fish from large eggs and individuals that emerged later would be more similar to older spring yearling migrants. We sorted eyed embryos within females into two size categories: small and large. We collected early and late‐emerging juveniles from each egg size category. We used landmark‐based geometric morphometrics and found that egg size appears to drive morphological differences. Egg size shows evidence for an absolute rather than relative effect on body morphology. Fish from small eggs were morphologically more similar to fall migrants, while fish from large eggs were morphologically more similar to older spring yearling migrants. Previous research has shown that the body morphology of fish that prefer the surface or bottom location in a tank soon after emergence also correlates with the morphological variations between wild fall and spring migrants, respectively. We found that late‐emerging fish spent more time near the surface. Our study shows that subtle differences in early life history characteristics may correlate with a diversity of future phenotypes.
Tipos de redes personales de los inmigrantes y adaptación psicológica

Elaboramos una tipologia de redes de apoyo en un colectivo de inmigrantes marroquies (n=81), filipinos (n=69) y senegaleses (n=23) residentes en Marbella, aplicando la entrevista Mannheim de apoyo social (MISS) (Veiel, 1990, 1993). Primero realizamos tres analisis de conglomerados exploratorios utilizando como variables-criterio indicadores de (1) composicion familiar y etnica, (2) funciones de apoyo, y (3) tamano y estructura de la red. Los analisis de chi-cuadrado entre las tres clasificaciones revelaron la solucion de cinco clusters como la mas apropiada. Para elaborar una tipologia global con cinco categorias, seleccionamos siete indicadores de la red de apoyo, tomando en consideracion para elegir cada variable: la diferenciacion entre clusters, la saturacion en una solucion factorial y la matriz de correlaciones. Las variables-criterio seleccionadas fueron: disponibilidad de apoyo cotidiano psicologico, disponibilidad de apoyo instrumental en situaciones de crisis, numero de compatriotas en la red de apoyo, numero de espanoles en la red de apoyo, numero de familiares en la red de apoyo, numero de no-familiares en la red de apoyo, y multiplicidad media de los vinculos. Los cinco clusters resultantes fueron (1) redes pequenas de amigos y familiares compatriotas, (2) redes etnicas con predominio de vinculos especializados, (3) redes sinergicas con predominio de amigos compatriotas, (4) redes etnicas de reagrupamiento familiar, y (5) redes de reagrupamiento familiar integradas en la comunidad receptora. Los tres colectivos estudiados tienen un perfil claramente diferenciado en sus redes personales: el 60% de los marroquies se ubica en la categoria de redes mas pequenas, y el 60% de los senegaleses pertenece a grupos de compatriotas polivalentes. Por ultimo, la tipologia distingue significativamente los niveles de bienestar psicologico y el grado de utilizacion de servicios sociales. Los inmigrantes con redes pequenas obtienen las puntuaciones mas altas en la escala de depresion del Center for Epidemiological Studies (CES-D) (Radloff, 1977), mientras que las redes de reagrupamiento (etnicas o mixtas) se asocian significativamente a una mayor utilizacion de servicios sociales.
Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Plectranthus Amboinicus on Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Normal as well as diabetic rats were divided into groups (n=6) receiving different treatments. Graded doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus were studied in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats for a period of 15 days. Glibenclamide (600 μg/kg) was used as a reference drug. Oral administration with graded doses of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus exhibited hypoglycemic effect in normal rats and significantly reduced the peak glucose levels after 120 min of glucose loading. In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the daily oral treatment with ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus showed a significant reduction in blood glucose. Besides, administration of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus for 15 days significantly decreased serum contents of total cholesterol, triglycerides whereas HDL-cholesterol, total proteins and calcium were effectively increased. Furthermore, effect of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus showed profound elevation of serum amylase and reduction of serum lipase. Histology examination showed ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus exhibited almost normalization of damaged pancreatic architecture in rats with diabetes mellitus. Studies clearly demonstrated that ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves possesses hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects mediated through the restoration of the functions of pancreatic tissues and insulinotropic effect.
Anfis Based Material Flow Rate Control System for Weigh Feeder Conveyor

Weight control system on the feeder conveyor determines the factor of the quality of products within an industry. The dynamics of the flow rate of material through the feeder conveyor weigh requires a good level of performance controllers. The base of current controllers such as FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller) requires a certain amount of knowledge and expertise in its design that will make it difficult to achieve good system performance. These difficulties can be overcome by using systems based on ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System). By doing the learning offline, using ANFIS can be obtained by fuzzy inference systems to create a controller FLC. Microcontroller have FLC controller program, its integrated with notebook can monitor and control the notebook weigh feeder conveyor system. Designing a system that has been created will give good results with an average error value of 3.86% at the set-point of 1000 grams / minute, and the average error of 5.03% on set-point 2000 grams / minute in ten times testing.
Uncoupled Phosphorylation and Activation in Bacterial Chemotaxis

Position 87 of the chemotaxis regulatory protein CheY is a highly conserved threonine/serine residue in the response regulator superfamily. A threonine 87 to isoleucine mutant in CheY, identified by its in vivo non-chemotactic phenotype, was also found to be phosphorylatable in vitro. These properties indicate that this mutant does not undergo activation upon phosphorylation. The x-ray crystallographic structure of the threonine to isoleucine CheY mutant has been solved and refined at 2.1-Å resolution, to an R factor of 15.6%. Comparison with the wild-type, Mg-free CheY structure shows that the active site structure is retained, but there are significant localized differences in the backbone conformation distal from the substitution. The presence of the isoleucine side chain also restricts the rotational conformation of another conserved residue in the molecule, tyrosine at position 106. These results provide further evidence for a signaling surface remote from the phosphorylation site of the CheY molecule and implicate threonine 87 and other residues in the post-phosphorylation signaling events.
La influencia de las variables sociodemográficas en la calidad de vida analizadas con el whoqol-bref

espanolIntroduccion: En la actualidad, la calidad de vida se define como un bienestar social del individuo y una satisfaccion de sus necesidades basicas. El concepto de calidad de vida suscita un interes internacional cada vez mayor. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar si la calidad de vida se ve afectada por diferentes variables sociodemograficas tales como el genero, la edad, el nivel de estudios o el nivel socio-economico. Metodologia: Se ha administrado el cuestionario WHOQOL-BREF a una muestra de 100 sujetos de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 97 anos, tratandose de una muestra incidental consecutiva. Se han realizado analisis bivariantes para ver la relacion entre los diferentes dominios de la calidad de vida y las variables a traves de pruebas T de Student y ANOVAS de un factor. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que no existe ninguna relacion entre las variables estudiadas y la calidad de vida, apuntando a que esta depende mas de variables psicologicas y de aquellas relacionadas con el tipo de personalidad. Discusion y conclusiones: Queda pendiente analizar si constructos como la volicion, la motivacion o el nivel de independencia en las actividades de la vida diaria influyen en la calidad de vida percibida. EnglishIntroduction: At the present, the quality of life is defined as a social welfare of the individual and the satisfaction of his basic needs. The concept of quality of life provokes a growing international interest. Objectives: This study's aim is to examine if the quality of life is affected by different socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, education level or socioeconomic status. Methodology:WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire has been administered to a sample of 100 subjects, aged between 18 and 97 years, in the case of an incidental consecutive sample. Bivariate analizes were performed to see the relationship between the different domains of quality of life and the variables via Student's t test and ANOVA of a factor. Results: The results show that there is no relationship between the variables studied and the quality of life, pointing out that this depends more on psychological variables and those related with personality type. Discussion and Conclusions: It remains to examine whether constructs such as volition, motivation or independence level in activities.
Wall slip of molten high density polyethylene

Experiments were performed in a sliding plate rheometer with a high density polyethylene to determine the conditions for the onset of slip and the relationship between slip velocity and shear stress. It was found that melt slip occurs at a critical shear stress of approximately 0.09 MPa in both steady and transient shear tests. The effect of the presence of a layer of fluorocarbon at the interface on both the slip velocity and the critical shear stress for the onset of slip, was also studied. Exponential shear was used to study the effect of shear history on slip. Roth steady state and dynamic models for the slip velocity are proposed that are consistent with the experimental observations. Results of oscillatory shear experiments suggest that melt slip is a physicochemical process in which the polymer-wall interface undergoes continuous change during successive cycles.
Voltage regulation algorithms for multiphase power distribution grids

Time-varying renewable energy generation can result in serious under-/over-voltage conditions in future distribution grids. Augmenting conventional utility-owned voltage regulating equipment with the reactive power capabilities of distributed generation units is a viable solution. Local control options attaining global voltage regulation optimality at fast convergence rates is the goal here. In this context, novel reactive power control rules are analyzed under a unifying linearized grid model. For single-phase grids, our proximal gradient scheme has computational complexity comparable to that of the rule suggested by the IEEE 1547.8 standard, but it enjoys well-characterized convergence guarantees. Furthermore, adding memory to the scheme results in accelerated convergence. For three-phase grids, it is shown that reactive power injections have a counter-intuitive effect on bus voltage magnitudes across phases. Nevertheless, when our control scheme is applied to unbalanced conditions, it is shown to reach an equilibrium point. Numerical tests using the IEEE 13-bus, the IEEE 123-bus, and a Southern California Edison 47-bus feeder with increased renewable penetration verify the properties of the schemes and their resiliency to grid topology reconfigurations.
The Effects of Parental Marital Status, Just World Beliefs, and Parental Conflict on Trust in Intimate Heterosexual Relationships

The effects of divorce on trust in intimate heterosexual relationships were investigated using a sample of 478 college students (156 males, 322 females). Subjects were asked to respond to scenarios and questionnaires assessing parental marital status, just world beliefs, parental conflict, and trust. Attitudes toward divorce and common problems were also assessed.
In vivo visualization of dendritic cells, macrophages, and microglial cells responding to laser-induced damage in the fundus of the eye.

PURPOSE To study the in vivo response of mononuclear phagocytes (i.e., dendritic cells [DCs] and macrophages [MPhis]) in the posterior eye segment after laser-induced injury, and to gain a better understanding of the role of these cells in inflammatory eye disease. METHODS CX(3)CR1(GFP/+) knockin mice were used, in which DCs, MPhis, and microglia cells (microGCs) are constitutively fluorescent. These reporter mice were examined by a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) after argon laser coagulation. cSLO was complemented by fluorescence microscopy of retinal flatmounts and eye cryosections, to study cell morphology and location, and by multicolor flow cytometry, to determine the number and identity of the fluorescent cells. RESULTS The retina of healthy reporter mice featured abundant fluorescent microGCs. After laser injury to the fundus, these cells accumulated and migrated laterally toward injury after 60 minutes. Distinctly shaped fluorescent cells accumulated within laser spots and were identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy as DCs and MPhis in the retina and choroid. The DCs rapidly disappeared from the retina, whereas the MPhis stayed longer. Choroidal infiltrates were detectable even 35 days after laser injury, in particular in larger spots resulting from higher laser intensity. In addition, nonfluorescent granulocytes were detected in the choroid. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic use of ophthalmoscopy, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy allows detailed dissection of the in vivo response of mononuclear phagocytes to laser injury of the fundus. The number of microGCs increased in the retina. DCs and MPhis were present in the retina and choroid infiltrate. MPhis and granulocytes persisted in the choroid infiltrate longer than previously thought.
Origin of Active States in Local Neocortical Networks during Slow Sleep Oscillation

Slow-wave sleep is characterized by spontaneous alternations of activity and silence in corticothalamic networks, but the causes of transition from silence to activity remain unknown. We investigated local mechanisms underlying initiation of activity, using simultaneous multisite field potential, multiunit recordings, and intracellular recordings from 2 to 4 nearby neurons in naturally sleeping or anesthetized cats. We demonstrate that activity may start in any neuron or recording location, with tens of milliseconds delay in other cells and sites. Typically, however, activity originated at deep locations, then involved some superficial cells, but appeared later in the middle of the cortex. Neuronal firing was also found to begin, after the onset of active states, at depths that correspond to cortical layer V. These results support the hypothesis that switch from silence to activity is mediated by spontaneous synaptic events, whereby any neuron may become active first. Due to probabilistic nature of activity onset, the large pyramidal cells from deep cortical layers, which are equipped with the most numerous synaptic inputs and large projection fields, are best suited for switching the whole network into active state.
Activation of the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB Signal Pathway Contributes to Changes in IL-4 and IL-12 Production in Piglet Lymphocytes Infected with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 In Vitro

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes immunosuppression in pigs. One causative factor is an imbalance in cytokine levels in the blood and lymphoid tissues. Many studies have reported changes in cytokine production, but the regulatory mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated alteration and regulation of IL-4 and IL-12 production in lymphocytes following incubation with PCV2 in vitro. The levels of IL-4 decreased and levels of IL-12 increased in lymphocyte supernatants, and the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB and the expression of p65 in the nucleus and p-IκB in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes increased after incubation with PCV2. However, these effects were reversed when lymphocytes were coincubated with PCV2 and the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082. In addition, the expression of MyD88 protein increased and the expression of mRNA for the toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 was upregulated when lymphocytes were incubated with PCV2. However, no change was seen in TLR7 and TLR8 mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study showed that PCV2 induced a decrease in IL-4 and an increase in IL-12 production in lymphocytes, and these changes were regulated by the TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signal pathway.
Activation and proliferation signals in mouse B cells. VI. Anti-Ig antibodies induce dose-dependent cell cycle progression in B cells.

Recent studies from several laboratories have shown that the concentrations of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies required to induce B lymphocytes to synthesize DNA are quite different from those needed to activate these cells, i.e. to cause resting B cells to leave G0. The present experiments examine this difference in detail. Thus, stimulation of DNA synthesis in mouse B cells requires prolonged (greater than 30 hr) exposures to high (greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml) concentrations of soluble F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit anti-Ig antibodies. However, as little as 50 ng/ml antibody caused B cells to enlarge, to express increased levels of Ia antigens, and to become primed to synthesize DNA more rapidly in response to restimulation with mitogenic concentrations of anti-Ig. The results of kinetic experiments suggested that the 'distance' that cells progress from G0 towards S depends not only on the time of exposure to anti-Ig, but also on its concentration. Concentrations of antibody less than 1 microgram/ml did not induce detectable RNA synthesis, and hence do not drive cells into the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Instead, under these conditions, B cells appear to enter a transitional, primed state (which has been termed GIT). This may well reflect the state into which T-dependent antigens drive resting B cells.
Effect of frying in different culinary fats on the fatty acid composition of silver carp

The influence of frying with four different oils (sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil, and corn oil) on the fatty acid composition of silver carp was evaluated. The fat content of the fillets increased after frying while the moisture content decreased in all evaluated samples. Mean saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, ∑ω3, and ∑ω6 contents of raw fish were 26.1 ± 0.5, 52.1 ± 1.1, 15.1 ± 0.6, 8.9 ± 0.1, and 6.1 ± 0.4%, respectively. Frying led to exchange of fatty acids between the silver carp lipid and frying fats. As a result of interactions, MUFA, PUFA, ∑ω6, and PUFA/SFA ratio of samples fried in sunflower, soybean, and corn oil significantly increased while the amounts of SFA decreased. Frying had a negative effect on the ∑ω3/ω6 ratio but reduction in olive oil-fried samples is the least among the other samples. Except in soybean oil, long-chain ω3-PUFA content of samples was not affected by frying.