Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality‐descriptive nouns

In this article we describe the derivation of a taxonomy of personality descriptive nouns. We argue that, contrary to traditional statements, nouns deserve their own special place in the domain of personality language. The ultimate aim is to provide a sound basis for the development of a representative and efective instrument for registering judgements on personality. Study 1 describes the steps that were followed to arrive at a list of personality descriptive nouns. Fourteen subjects took part, with different numbers of subjects at the various stages of selecting the nouns. Seven hundred and fifty‐five nouns resulted from this study. Study 2 (N= 400) describes the determination of the internal structure of the domain of nouns through factor analysis of both self and partner ratings obtained from 200 Dutch‐speaking Belgian subjects and 200 Dutch subjects. By applying a method of rotation to perfectly congruent weights the noun structure turned out to be invariant under self and partner conditions and under the diferent groups of subjects. The results show the existence of a well‐delineated multidimensional noun structure comparable to that of adjectives and of verbs.
Targeting of Sebocytes by Aminolevulinic Acid-dependent Photosensitization

Abstract Photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX has been developed as a very useful therapeutic modality. Recently, several authors have reported on the efficacy of this procedure for acne. This approach is based on the fact that 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX has strong selectivity for sebaceous glands. We used the immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line SZ95 to investigate cellular mechanisms of photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX. Quantification of induced protoporphyrin IX production showed dependence on the applied 5-aminolevulinic acid dose. When SZ95 sebocytes were differentiated by arachidonic acid treatment, there was no difference between them and the control cells with respect to both the amount of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX and the phototoxic effects. We altered protoporphyrin IX formation rates by growing cells scattered as single cells in the culture dishes. Single cells produced significantly lower protoporphyrin IX levels than those grown with intercellular contacts. Intracellular localization of protoporphyrin IX was imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The differentiation-specific lipid droplets were virtually excluded from protoporphyrin IX fluorescence. In addition to weak mitochondrial and strong membrane fluorescence, distinctive spots with strong fluorescence were observed. These did not colocalize with fluorescent probes for mitochondria, lysosomes or the Golgi apparati.
Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation in Applesauce: Using a Choice Experiment to Assess the Value of Organic, Local, and Nutrition Attributes

Recently, there has been much interest among horticultural producers concerning the marketing of organic and locally produced food. A consumer survey was administered that asked respondents to choose an applesauce product from a list of products differentiated by price, and by labels that described fat content, nutrition content, and whether the product was grown organically and/or locally. Our analysis indicates that consumers were willing to pay more for locally grown applesauce compared to applesauce that was labeled USDA Organic, Low Fat, or No Sugar Added. Furthermore, we find evidence that increased knowledge of agriculture decreases the willingness to pay for organic and locally grown applesauce.
The dispositional approach to job attitudes: A lifetime longitudinal test.

This research was supported in part by grant AG 4178 from the National Institute of Aging to the Institute of Human Development (John Clausen, principal investigator) and by a University of California faculty research grant to Barry Staw. Correspondence regarding this paper should be sent to Barry M. Staw, School of Business Administration, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Recent debates between the job enrichment and socialinformation-processing perspectives have led to a trend toward greater situationalism in organizational research. This paper, however, argues for a more dispositional approach in which the role of the person is emphasized. Using a longitudinal sample, measures of affective disposition from as early as adolescence were used to predict job attitudes in later life. Results showed that dispositional measures significantly predicted job attitudes over a time span of nearly fifty years. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of both theories of job attitudes and organizational development activities that attempt to alter employee job satisfactions
Maintenance therapy in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer

Systemic chemotherapy with platinum‐based regimens provides modest improvements in survival and quality of life for patients with advanced‐stage nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Extended first‐line chemotherapy with combination regimens for more than 4 to 6 cycles is not recommended because of cumulative toxicities and lack of proven advantage in survival with the increased duration of therapy. The early use of an anticancer agent as maintenance therapy after disease stabilization or maximal response with platinum‐based regimens is, therefore, being recognized as a new treatment paradigm in NSCLC. Maintenance therapy can extend first‐line treatment and provide an acceptable balance between efficacy and toxicity. The essential prerequisites for maintenance therapy include good tolerability, ability to administer extended cycles of therapy without cumulative toxicity, and an increase in the duration of progression‐free survival. Pemetrexed has recently been shown to improve the median PFS in the maintenance setting. Molecularly targeted therapies with cytostatic properties and documented tolerability also have the potential to be effective as maintenance therapy to maintain tumor regression after an initial response to chemotherapy. Consequently, the role of erlotinib and other molecular targeted agents in this treatment setting is under active investigation in ongoing phase 3 trials. This could potentially establish a new standard on the clinical utility of molecular targeted agents as maintenance therapy for patients with advanced‐stage NSCLC. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Potential pathogenic bacterial contaminants of shared utility devices in a university setting at Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

The microbial contamination of shared devices in work places could serve as potential sources for community acquired infections. This study investigated the potential bacterial pathogens in a university work place. Swab samples collected from office and toilet doors handles/knobs, washroom tap heads, elevator buttons and computer keyboards were plated out and isolates were identified using the Vitek 2 compact automated system. Antibiotic susceptibility test as well as the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICS) were also determined using the Vitek 2 system. The results obtained showed all objects from which samples were collected had microbial contamination. The isolates constituted of Staphylococcus aureus (4.02%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (18.59%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (21.10%), other Staphylococcus spp. (51.76%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.01%), Enterococcus spp. (1.51%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.50%), Streptococcus sanguins (0.50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.03%), Pseudomonas stutzeri (3.5%), Pseudomonas luteola (10.53%) and Pantoea spp. (72%). Multidrug resistance to antibiotics was observed by the isolates to major groups of antibiotics. The results therefore indicated the presence of Multi-antibiotic resistant bacterial strains among shared items in a work place setting and this could be a source of potential infection in the university community. Key words: Pathogenic isolate, bacterial contamination, Vitek, University, community infection.
Food Sensitization in Medically Resistant Chronic Rhinosinusitis with or without Nasal Polyposis

Background: Nasal polyposis is a common nasal mass with unknown etiology. It has been assumed that allergy predisposes to polyp formation. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of food sensitization in medically resistant chronic rhinosinusitis patients with or without nasal polyposis. Methods: One hundred and fifty-five patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were incorporated into this study. The results of their total serum IgE and food-specific IgE levels were examined. Results: The average age was 33 years (± 13) with 96 males and 59 females. The percentage of patients in each group that had a positive result for at least one tested allergen was 84% (88 patients in the sinusitis without polyposis group and 42 patients in nasal polyposis group). Patients without nasal polyposis reacted to an average of 4.6 foodstuffs, whereas patients with nasal polyposis reacted to 4.1. Egg white, sheefish and cherry were the most common type of sensitized food. There were no significant differences in the prevalence, type, number of positive food allergens and class level between the two groups. Conclusions: Food sensitization is common in medically resistant chronic rhinosinusitis. Since food sensitization prevalence, type and severity do not significantly differ between the two groups studied, food atopy is unlikely to be a major factor in nasal polyposis pathogenesis.
The Value of Financial Flexibility

We develop a model that endogenizes dynamic financing, investment, and cash retention/payout policies in order to analyze the effect of financial flexibility on firm value. We show that the value of financing flexibility depends on the costs of external financing, the level of corporate and personal tax rates that determine the effective cost of holding cash, the firm's growth potential and maturity, and the reversibility of capital. Through simulations, we demonstrate that firms facing financing frictions should simultaneously borrow and lend, and we examine the nature of dynamic debt and liquidity policies and the value associated with corporate liquidity.
Arousal-Augmented Priming Effects

Two experiments were conducted to test predictions from the arousal-extremity model that priming effects produced by music videos would be stronger under high than low arousal. Experiment 1 established the content of two sets of music video primes: 2 male and 2 female sex-object videos. In Experiment 2, video priming effects were found on attribute judgments of an ambiguous but phenotypically similar TV commercial, and these effects were further exaggerated when subjects were highly aroused by exercise. Results of MANOVAs and discriminant function analyses indicated that in high-arousal conditions priming effects were more extreme and more closely resembled music video content than in low-arousal conditions.
When and Why Are Internal Job Transitions Successful? Transition Challenges, Hindrances, and Resources Influencing Motivation and Retention Through Basic Needs Satisfaction

This study examines when and why internal job transitions enhance employees’ motivation and retention. Building on the Challenge–Hindrance Framework and the Self-Determination Theory, we hypothesize that transition challenges (i.e., horizontal and vertical transition magnitude) satisfy people’s basic psychological needs and may therefore enhance motivation and retention, whereas transition hindrances (i.e., increased work–life conflict) thwart basic needs satisfaction and are accordingly likely to decrease motivation and retention. In addition, we argue that transition resources (i.e., social support and personal control) may boost the impact of transition challenges and buffer the impact of transition hindrances. Hypotheses were tested with 173 employees who recently made an internal transition. We found support for the positive impact of vertical transition magnitude and the negative impact of increased work–life conflict on motivation and retention through an impact on basic needs satisfaction. In addition, social support was found to boost the former path. No other moderation effects were found. Implications of the results are discussed.
Exploring Macintyre's Virtue Ethics in Relation to Information Systems

There is still surprisingly little explicit consideration of ethics in relation to IS. This paper addresses this relative gap by arguing that MacIntyre’s critique of utilitarianism in bureaucratic organizations with its alternative ‘virtues-goods-practice-institution’ framework offers a fruitful approach for an analysis of ethical concerns relating to information systems. We cast the notion of ‘best practice’, as embodied in an information system, as a central ethical concern. We briefly describe an empirical study of a Customer Relationship Management system implementation reflecting on the ways that MacIntyre’s ethical framework may be a suitable approach towards the ethical analysis of information systems.
Living in an Oasis: Middle-Class Disaffiliation and Selective Belonging in an English Suburb

This paper aims to address the oft-mentioned dearth of research on the suburbs by examining processes of sociospatial segregation and middle-class disaffiliation in London's eastern suburban periphery. By drawing upon aspects of Bourdieu's theoretical framework, the paper shows how the home-owning, middle-class, largely white residents of the ‘Woodlands’ private housing estate attempted to shore up their threatened sense of exclusivity in relation to the nearby deprived ‘Eastside’ suburb. The empirical material is drawn from survey and interview research on incomers to Woodlands. For its affluent incoming residents, Woodlands' dominant place image was that of an ‘oasis’ within Eastside, an area dominated by a large council-built housing estate. Although the Woodlands incomers were physically resident in Eastside, they symbolically and practically disengaged from ‘local’ places, notably shops, pubs, and schools, and their lower class and not-quite-white populations. The author argues that the Woodlands incomers adhered to a spatially selective version of what Savage et al refer to as ‘elective belonging’. Such selective belonging denotes a spatially uneven attachment rooted in residents' schizophrenic relationship to the suburban area, embracing the Woodlands oasis whilst abjuring the ‘other Eastside’.
Requirement for the Cell Division Protein DivIB in Polar Cell Division and Engulfment during Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT During spore formation in Bacillus subtilis, cell division occurs at the cell pole and is believed to require essentially the same division machinery as vegetative division. Intriguingly, although the cell division protein DivIB is not required for vegetative division at low temperatures, it is essential for efficient sporulation under these conditions. We show here that at low temperatures in the absence of DivIB, formation of the polar septum during sporulation is delayed and less efficient. Furthermore, the polar septa that are complete are abnormally thick, containing more peptidoglycan than a normal polar septum. These results show that DivIB is specifically required for the efficient and correct formation of a polar septum. This suggests that DivIB is required for the modification of sporulation septal peptidoglycan, raising the possibility that DivIB either regulates hydrolysis of polar septal peptidoglycan or is a hydrolase itself. We also show that, despite the significant number of completed polar septa that form in this mutant, it is unable to undergo engulfment. Instead, hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan within the polar septum, which occurs during the early stages of engulfment, is incomplete, producing a similar phenotype to that of mutants defective in the production of sporulation-specific septal peptidoglycan hydrolases. We propose a role for DivIB in sporulation-specific peptidoglycan remodelling or its regulation during polar septation and engulfment.
Theory of Mind Development in Adolescence and its (Neuro)cognitive Mechanisms

1 1 General Introduction 4 1.1 Concept of ToM: cognitive and affective aspects 7 1.2 ToM Development 8 1.2.1 ToM Development until Adolescence 9 1.2.2 ToM Development in Adolescence 12 1.3 Cognitive Mechanisms 14 1.3. 1 Basic Cognitive Functions 15 1.3. 2 Executive Functions 17 1.4 Neurocognitive Mechanisms 19 1.4. 1 Functional brain development of ToM 20 1.4. 2 Integrating behavioral and functional brain studies 21 2 Outline and Central Questions 24 2.1 Does ToM continue to develop in adolescence? 24 2.1.1 Does ToM continue to develop on the behavioral level? 24 2.1.2 Does ToM continue to develop on the level of brain function? 25 2.2 What are (neuro)cognitive mechanisms of ToM development in adolescence? 26 2.2.1 What are basic cognitive and executive functioning mechanisms? 26 2.2.2 Can mechanisms be concluded from the integration of behavioral data and functional brain processes? 26 3 Study I – ToM Development in Adolescence and its Basic Cognitive
Effects of Training on Category Learning

What information do people extract in the course of category learning? And how does training affect this process? The current study addressed these questions by examining the effects of training on the outcome of category learning in 4to 5-year-olds and adults. In two experiments, participants were trained on either a classification task or an inference task and then tested with categorization and recognition tasks. The categorical information (i.e., deterministic and probabilistic features) was explicitly given to participants in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. Results with adults replicate previous findings indicating that participants form different representations in the course of classification and inference training (rule-based representation in the former case and similarity-based representations in the latter case). In contrast, regardless of the type of training, young children form similarity-based representations.
On the Functional Neuroanatomy of Intrinsic and Phasic Alertness

Intrinsic and phasic alertness are the most basic aspects of attention intensity probably constituting the basis for the more complex and capacity-demanding aspects of attention selectivity. Intrinsic alertness represents the cognitive control of wakefulness and arousal and is typically assessed by simple reaction time tasks without a preceding warning stimulus. Phasic alertness, in contrast, is called for in reaction time tasks in which a warning stimulus precedes the target, and it represents the ability to increase response readiness subsequent to external cueing. We report PET and fMRI data from both the literature and our own experiments to delineate the cortical and subcortical networks subserving alertness, sustained attention (as another aspect of attention intensity), and spatial orienting of attention. Irrespective of stimulus modality, there seems to exist a mostly right-hemispheric frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brain-stem network which is coactivated by alerting and orienting attentional demands. These findings corroborate both the hypothesis of a frontal modulation of brain-stem activation probably via the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and of a coactivation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Under conditions of phasic alertness there are additional activations of left-hemisphere frontal and parietal structures which are interpreted as basal aspects of attention selectivity rather than additional features of alerting.
The globalization of science education

Standards-based science education, with its emphasis on monitoring and accountability, is rapidly becoming a key part of the globalization of science education. Standards-based testing within countries is increasingly being used to determine the effectiveness of a country's educational system, and international testing programs such as Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) enable countries to compare their students to a common standard and to compete among themselves for top scores. The raising of standards and the competition among countries is driven in part by a belief that economic success depends on a citizenry that is knowledgeable about science and technology. This article considers the question of whether it is possible and prudent to begin conversations about what an international standards document for global citizenship in science education might look like. It examines current practices in a range of countries to show both the areas of international agreement and the significant differences that exist. It concludes with a recommendation that such conversations should begin, with the goal of creating a document that lays out the knowledge and competencies that international citizens should have but yet that gives space to individual countries to pursue goals that are unique to their own setting. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 567–591, 2011
Integrating Writing and the Teaching Assistant to Enhance Critical Pedagogy.

This paper begins by developing a model of critical pedagogy which includes components of both critical thinking and social critique and discusses how to operationalize that model by using writing and a teaching assistant. The second part of the paper describes an experimental course based on this model, taught twice in a two-year period at a mediumsized state university. The paper concludes with an evaluation of this experiment for improving students' skills of critical thinking and of social critique, the benefits and costs of the experience for the teaching assistant, the benefits and costs for the faculty educator, and the practicality of the experiment.
The safety of electronic prescribing: manifestations, mechanisms, and rates of system-related errors associated with two commercial systems in hospitals

Objectives To compare the manifestations, mechanisms, and rates of system-related errors associated with two electronic prescribing systems (e-PS). To determine if the rate of system-related prescribing errors is greater than the rate of errors prevented. Methods Audit of 629 inpatient admissions at two hospitals in Sydney, Australia using the CSC MedChart and Cerner Millennium e-PS. System related errors were classified by manifestation (eg, wrong dose), mechanism, and severity. A mechanism typology comprised errors made: selecting items from drop-down menus; constructing orders; editing orders; or failing to complete new e-PS tasks. Proportions and rates of errors by manifestation, mechanism, and e-PS were calculated. Results 42.4% (n=493) of 1164 prescribing errors were system-related (78/100 admissions). This result did not differ by e-PS (MedChart 42.6% (95% CI 39.1 to 46.1); Cerner 41.9% (37.1 to 46.8)). For 13.4% (n=66) of system-related errors there was evidence that the error was detected prior to study audit. 27.4% (n=135) of system-related errors manifested as timing errors and 22.5% (n=111) wrong drug strength errors. Selection errors accounted for 43.4% (34.2/100 admissions), editing errors 21.1% (16.5/100 admissions), and failure to complete new e-PS tasks 32.0% (32.0/100 admissions). MedChart generated more selection errors (OR=4.17; p=0.00002) but fewer new task failures (OR=0.37; p=0.003) relative to the Cerner e-PS. The two systems prevented significantly more errors than they generated (220/100 admissions (95% CI 180 to 261) vs 78 (95% CI 66 to 91)). Conclusions System-related errors are frequent, yet few are detected. e-PS require new tasks of prescribers, creating additional cognitive load and error opportunities. Dual classification, by manifestation and mechanism, allowed identification of design features which increase risk and potential solutions. e-PS designs with fewer drop-down menu selections may reduce error risk.