Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ten thousand SQLs

Keyword search in relational databases has been extensively studied. Given a relational database, a keyword query finds a set of interconnected tuple structures connected by foreign key references. On rdbms, a keyword query is processed in two steps, namely, candidate networks (CNs) generation and CNs evaluation, where a CN is an sql. In common, a keyword query needs to be processed using over 10,000 sqls. There are several approaches to process a keyword query on rdbms, but there is a limit to achieve high performance on a uniprocessor architecture. In this paper, we study parallel computing keyword queries on a multicore architecture. We give three observations on keyword query computing, namely, a large number of sqls that needs to be processed, high sharing possibility among sqls, and large intermediate results with small number of final results. All make it challenging for parallel keyword queries computing. We investigate three approaches. We first study the query level parallelism, where each sql is processed by one core. We distribute the sqls into different cores based on three objectives, regarding minimizing workload skew, minimizing intercore sharing and maximizing intra-core sharing respectively. Such an approach has the potential risk of load unbalancing through accumulating errors of cost estimation. We then study the operation level parallelism, where each operation of an sql is processed by one core. All operations are processed in stages, where in each stage the costs of operations are re-estimated to reduce the accumulated error. Such operation level parallelism still has drawbacks of workload skew when large operations are involved and a large number of cores are used. Finally, we propose a new algorithm that partitions relations adaptively in order to minimize the extra cost of partitioning and at the same time reduce workload skew. We conducted extensive performance studies using two large real datasets, DBLP and IMDB, and we report the efficiency of our approaches in this paper.
Technoscience Rent: Toward a Theory of Rentiership for Technoscientific Capitalism

Contemporary, technoscientific capitalism is characterized by the (re)configuration of a range of “things” (e.g., infrastructure, data, knowledge, bodies) as assets or capitalized property. Accumulation strategies have changed as a result of this assetization process. Rather than entrepreneurial strategies based on commodity production, technoscientific capitalism is increasingly underpinned by rentiership or the appropriation of value through ownership and control rights (e.g., intellectual property [IP]), monopoly conditions, and regulatory or market devices and practices (e.g., investment dispute courts, exclusivity agreements). While rentiership is often presented as a negative phenomenon (e.g., distorting markets, unearned income) in both neoclassical and Marxist political economy literatures—and much in between—in this paper, I conceptualize rentiership as a technoeconomic practice and process framed by insights from science and technology studies (STS). So, rather than a problematic “side effect” of capitalism, the concept of rentiership enables us to understand how different forms of value extraction constitute, and are constituted by, different forms of technoscience. This allows STS to contribute a distinctive analytical approach to ongoing debates in political economy about economic rents and rent-seeking.
Resource Allocation with Interference Avoidance in OFDMA Femtocell Networks

Interference control and quality-of-service (QoS) awareness are the major challenges for resource management in orthogonal frequency-division multiple access femtocell networks. This paper investigates a self-organization strategy for physical resource block (PRB) allocation with QoS constraints to avoid the co-channel and co-tiered interference. Femtocell self-organization including self-configuration and self-optimization is proposed to manage the large femtocell networks. We formulate the optimization problem for PRB assignments where multiple QoS classes for different services can be supported, and interference between femtocells can be completely avoided. The proposed formulation pursues the maximization of PRB efficiency. A greedy algorithm is developed to solve the resource allocation formulation. In the simulations, the proposed approach is observed to increase the system throughput by over 13% without femtocell interference. Simulations also demonstrate that the rejection ratios of all QoS classes are low and mostly below 10%. Moreover, the proposed approach improves the PRB efficiency by over 82% in low-loading scenario and 13% in high-loading scenario.
The Role of Highlighting in Visual Search Through Maps

An experiment was conducted in which participants performed a simulated vehicle dispatching task using a map display with two information domains. The intensity of one information domain was varied to examine the effect on processing the information in a cluttered display. Response times were recorded for questions either requiring focused attention on a particular information domain or divided attention between the two information domains. The results of the present experiments indicate that it is possible to ”declutter” a display without erasing any information. By ”lowlighting” one information domain and keeping the other domain at a fairly high intensity level, performance on tasks requiring divided attention is optimal, as is performance on tasks requiring focused attention to one domain exclusively. These results are also discussed in conjunction with a computational model of the effects of discriminability and salience on performance in a cluttered display with variable intensity codings used to visually segregate different domains of information.
Grouped Patterns of Heterogeneity in Panel Data

This paper introduces time‐varying grouped patterns of heterogeneity in linear panel data models. A distinctive feature of our approach is that group membership is left unrestricted. We estimate the parameters of the model using a “grouped fixed‐effects” estimator that minimizes a least squares criterion with respect to all possible groupings of the cross‐sectional units. Recent advances in the clustering literature allow for fast and efficient computation. We provide conditions under which our estimator is consistent as both dimensions of the panel tend to infinity, and we develop inference methods. Finally, we allow for grouped patterns of unobserved heterogeneity in the study of the link between income and democracy across countries.
Story Generation with Crowdsourced Plot Graphs

Story generation is the problem of automatically selecting a sequence of events that meet a set of criteria and can be told as a story. Story generation is knowledge-intensive; traditional story generators rely on a priori defined domain models about fictional worlds, including characters, places, and actions that can be performed. Manually authoring the domain models is costly and thus not scalable. We present a novel class of story generation system that can generate stories in an unknown domain. Our system (a) automatically learns a domain model by crowdsourcing a corpus of narrative examples and (b) generates stories by sampling from the space defined by the domain model. A large-scale evaluation shows that stories generated by our system for a previously unknown topic are comparable in quality to simple stories authored by untrained humans
Consumer responses to risk-benefit information about food.

Communication about the healthiness of consuming different food products has typically involved either health messages about the associated risks or benefits. In reality, consumption decisions often involve consumers “trading-off” the risks and benefits associated with the consumption of a particular food product. If consumers are to make informed choices about food consumption, they may need to simultaneously understand both risk and benefit information associated with consuming different foods. However, it is not known how this potentially conflicting information can best be communicated. Effective risk-benefit communication is also important because, increasingly, risk assessment and regulatory decision-making is focused on risk and benefit associated with a specific food issue, which will also need to be communicated to consumers. This thesis therefore examines consumer responses to information about both risks and benefits associated with food, in order to provide insights into effective ways to communicate this information. For this purpose, three lines of research are explored: (1) consumer perceptions and responses to integrated risk-benefit metrics, (2) potential barriers to effective risk-benefit communication, and (3) consumer responses to communication about risk management practices associated with food hazards. In Chapter 2 consumer preferences regarding several integrated risk-benefit metrics describing the combined impact of risks and benefits associated with food consumption on health are qualitatively explored. Chapter 3 examines consumer perceptions of quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs) as a tool for describing the combined impact of risks and benefits associated with food consumption, and in Chapter 4 it is examined whether integrated risk-benefit information in terms of QALYs can facilitate informed decision making for consumers, including how this information can best be presented. The research regarding potential barriers to effective risk-benefit communication focuses on optimism regarding risks and benefits associated with food consumption (Chapter 5), and on the role of initial attitudes on the occurrence of negativity effects after the provision of balanced risk-benefit information (Chapter 6). Finally, the impact of information about risk management practices associated with food hazards on consumer perceptions of food risk management quality are examined (Chapter 7). Overall, the results of this thesis provide useful insights for the development of effective risk-benefit communication, including the communication of information about integrated risk-benefit assessments, and for the development of effective ways to communicate about risk management practices associated with food hazards.
A parameter-less evolution strategy for global optimization

Several evolutionary approaches have been applied to global optimization problems with significant success. Evolution strategies proved to be efficient global optimizers. However, these algorithms have several parameters which the setting is not simple. Thus, it is crucial to investigate how to set dynamically these parameters during the search. In this paper, a new parameter-less evolution strategy, which has only one single parameter to set, is proposed. This algorithm is compared with the traditional evolution strategies considering a set of difficult test problems. The results obtained indicate a promising performance of the new approach.
A New and Simple Policy for the Continuous Review Lost Sales Inventory Model

We consider the single item, single location, continuous review inventory model with lost sales. Demand is assumed to arrive as a Poisson process and lead times are assumed to be xed. The optimal policy for this system is not known. We introduce a new and simple policy: Every time units order an item ( is a positive number). This policy is compared to the standard base-stock policy and is shown (numerically) to outperform it for certain parameter values. We then carry out an asymptotic analysis for both policies as the lost sales penalty and lead time grow large. This analysis, motivated by a conjecture based on our numerical results, provides reasonably explicit expressions for various quantities of interest, such as optimal costs and optimal safety stock levels. The optimal safety stock for both policies is shown to grow as the square-root of the lead time, and may be positive or negative.
Labor, Globalization and Inequality: Are Trade Unions Still Redistributive?

Purpose – Ascertaining the extent to which the generalized decline in union density, as well as the erosion in centralized bargaining structures and developments in other labor institutions, have contributed to rising within-country inequality. Methodology – Econometric analysis of a newly developed dataset combining information on industrial relations and labor law, various dimensions of globalization, and controls for demand and supply of skilled labor for 51 Advanced, Central and Eastern European, Latin American, and Asian countries from the late 1980s to the early 2000s, followed by an analysis of 16 advanced countries over a longer time frame (from the late 1970s to the early 2000s). Findings – In contrast to previous research, which finds labor institutions to be important determinants of more egalitarian wage or income distributions, the chapter finds that trade unionism and collective bargaining are no longer significantly associated with within-country inequality, except in the Central and Eastern European countries. These findings are interpreted as the result of trade unionism operating under more stringent structural constraints than in the past, partly as a result of globalization trends. In addition, despite much talk about welfare state crisis, welfare states, historically the result of labor's power and mobilization capacity, still play an important redistributive role, at least in advanced countries. Practical implications – Union attempts at equalizing incomes by compressing market earnings seem ineffective and impractical in the current day and age. Unions should seek to increase the workers’ skill levels and promote an egalitarian transformation of the workplace. This type of “supply-side” egalitarianism is not a new strategy for unions, but is very much embedded in the unions’ DNA.
A CHANDRA STUDY OF TEMPERATURE SUBSTRUCTURES IN INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT GALAXY CLUSTERS

By analyzing the gas temperature maps created from the Chandra archive data, we reveal the prevailing existence of temperature substructures on ∼100 h−170 kpc scales in the central regions of nine intermediate-redshift (z ≈ 0.1) galaxy clusters, which resemble those found in the Virgo and Coma Clusters. Each substructure contains a clump of hot plasma whose temperature is about 2–3 keV higher than the environment, corresponding to an excess thermal energy of ∼1058–1060 erg per clump. If there were no significant nongravitational heating sources, these substructures would have perished in 108–109 yr due to thermal conduction and turbulent flows, whose velocity is found to range from about 200 to 400 km s−1, we conclude that the substructures cannot be created and sustained by inhomogeneous radiative cooling. We also eliminate the possibilities that the temperature substructures are caused by supernova explosions, or by the nonthermal X-ray emission due to the inverse-Comptonization of the cosmic microwave background photons. By calculating the rising time of active galactic nucleus (AGN)-induced buoyant bubbles, we speculate that the intermittent AGN outbursts (⩾1060 erg per burst) may have played a crucial role in the formation of the high-temperature substructures. Our results are supported by the recent study of McNamara and Nulsen, posing a tight observational constraint on future theoretical and numerical studies.
tclust: An R Package for a Trimming Approach to Cluster Analysis

Outlying data can heavily influence standard clustering methods. At the same time, clustering principles can be useful when robustifying statistical procedures. These two reasons motivate the development of feasible robust model-based clustering approaches. With this in mind, an R package for performing non-hierarchical robust clustering, called tclust, is presented here. Instead of trying to “fit” noisy data, a proportion α of the most outlying observations is trimmed. The tclust package efficiently handles different cluster scatter constraints. Graphical exploratory tools are also provided to help the user make sensible choices for the trimming proportion as well as the number of clusters to search for.
It’s only rock ‘n roll (but I like it): Chord perception and rock’s liberal harmonic palette

Both music-theoretic accounts and corpus analyses indicate that rock routinely employs chords that deviate from the norms of common-practice music. Yet we know little about how listeners experience the chords that make up rock’s liberal harmonic palette. In the present study, participants in two online experiments rated major chords that followed a short tonal sequence (a major scale + tonic major triad). Liking ratings obtained in Experiment 1 replicated earlier work showing that listeners prefer rock-typical targets—chords that are common in rock, but lie outside the basic diatonic set—to atypical, rarely used targets (Craton, Juergens, Michalak, & Poirier, 2016). Goodness of fit ratings with the same stimuli in Experiment 2 were similar to the liking ratings. High ratings for rock-typical target chords across the two experiments were not an artifact of their register and the pattern of responses was similar across four levels level of music training. In addition, the mean fitness ratings were approximated by simulations conducted with an auditory short-term memory (ASTM) model (Leman, 2000). Considered together, the findings provide evidence that listeners perceive rock-typical chords to be normal components of a key and that they may do so based on information in the auditory signal alone, without recourse to statistical learning mechanisms or representations of tonal knowledge. We speculate that bottom-up processes operating directly on the auditory signal create a perceptual ranking of chord fitness, which provides the harmonic palette from which composers/improvisers in different musical systems may conservatively (common-practice) or liberally (rock) choose. The mean data are available in tabular form for modelers in the online supplemental material.
Displacement-based Design of Frames Consisting of Composite Beams and RC Columns

Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) method has been widely recognized in recent years, it can be used for the future structural design. And the direct displacement-based design method (DDBD) is one of the most effective ways to implement the performance-based seismic design (PBSD) theory in current. In this paper, aiming to the composite frame consisting of composite beams and continuous compound spiral hoop reinforced concrete columns (CCSHRCS), its DDBD flowchart is presented, and the structure identified performance objectives in the preliminary design process and specific seismic performance assessment methods are given. Finally, through the calculation results of CCSHRCS frame case that demonstrated the reasonableness of the method. It provides an effective tool for the seismic design of CCSHRCS frame structures
Quark Matter Droplet Formation in Neutron Stars

The formation rate of quark matter droplets in neutron stars is calculated from a combination of bubble formation rates in cold degenerate and high temperature matter. Nuclear matter calculations of the viscosity and thermal conductivity are applied. Results show that droplets form only in the core of neutron stars shortly after supernova collapse, where pressures and temperatures are high, and for sufficiently small interface tension between nuclear and quark matter. Coulomb energies hinder formation of large droplets whereas the presence of strange hadrons in nuclear matter increase the droplet formation rate.
Alkylation of A/2 in Deoxyguanosine by Dehydroretronecine, a Carcinogenic Metabolite of the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Monocrotaline1

Dehydroretronecine, an antimitotic and carcinogenic agent, reacted with deoxyguanosine at pH 7.4 in vitro to yield in nearly equal quantities two major adducts, which were isolated by thin-layer and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The adducts were stable at pH 8.7 and 30Â°for at least 24 hr, showed pK.s at acidic and alkaline pHs, reacted with 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, had a nonexchangeable guan-8-yl proton, and con tained equimolar quantities of the pyrrole and nucleoside moie ties. From the above data and comparison of proton magnetic resonance spectra of dehydroretronecine, deoxyguanosine, and the adducts, both products were identified as derivatives with a bond between C-7 of dehydrosupinidine and N2 of deoxyguanosine. Mass spectral fragmentation patterns and infrared and ultraviolet absorbance spectra were also consist ent with A/2substitution. Circular dichroism spectra established the identities of each of the adducts as 7-(deoxyguanosin-/V2yl)dehydrosupinidine; they are enantiomeric at C-7. These re sults demonstrate that the reactive electrophile derived from protonated dehydroretronecine readily alkylates the N2 posi tion of deoxyguanosine at C-7 in an S,V1reaction to yield a racemic mixture of products.
Emergent Gravitational Dynamics in Bose‐Einstein Condensates

We discuss a toy model for an emergent non‐relativistic gravitational theory. Within a certain class of Bose‐Einstein condensates, it is possible to show that, in a suitable regime, a modified version of non‐relativistic Newtonian gravity does effectively describes the low energy dynamics of the coupled system condensate/quasi‐particles.
Neural Systems for Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show altered cognition when trauma-related material is present. PTSD may lead to enhanced processing of trauma-related material, or it may cause impaired processing of trauma-unrelated information. However, other forms of emotional information may also alter cognition in PTSD. In this review, we discuss the behavioral and neural effects of emotion processing on cognition in PTSD, with a focus on neuroimaging results. We propose a model of emotion-cognition interaction based on evidence of two network models of altered brain activation in PTSD. The first is a trauma-disrupted network made up of ventrolateral PFC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, insula, and dorsomedial PFC that are differentially modulated by trauma content relative to emotional trauma-unrelated information. The trauma-disrupted network forms a subnetwork of regions within a larger, widely recognized network organized into ventral and dorsal streams for processing emotional and cognitive information that converge in the medial PFC and cingulate cortex. Models of fear learning, while not a cognitive process in the conventional sense, provide important insights into the maintenance of the core symptom clusters of PTSD such as re-experiencing and hypervigilance. Fear processing takes place within the limbic corticostriatal loop composed of threat-alerting and threat-assessing components. Understanding the disruptions in these two networks, and their effect on individuals with PTSD, will lead to an improved knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of PTSD and potential targets for both psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic interventions.