Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a prognostic index for 4-year mortality in older adults.

CONTEXT Both comorbid conditions and functional measures predict mortality in older adults, but few prognostic indexes combine both classes of predictors. Combining easily obtained measures into an accurate predictive model could be useful to clinicians advising patients, as well as policy makers and epidemiologists interested in risk adjustment. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a prognostic index for 4-year mortality using information that can be obtained from patient report. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using the 1998 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based study of community-dwelling US adults older than 50 years, we developed the prognostic index from 11,701 individuals and validated the index with 8009. Individuals were asked about their demographic characteristics, whether they had specific diseases, and whether they had difficulty with a series of functional measures. We identified variables independently associated with mortality and weighted the variables to create a risk index. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Death by December 31, 2002. RESULTS The overall response rate was 81%. During the 4-year follow-up, there were 1361 deaths (12%) in the development cohort and 1072 deaths (13%) in the validation cohort. Twelve independent predictors of mortality were identified: 2 demographic variables (age: 60-64 years, 1 point; 65-69 years, 2 points; 70-74 years, 3 points; 75-79 years, 4 points; 80-84 years, 5 points, >85 years, 7 points and male sex, 2 points), 6 comorbid conditions (diabetes, 1 point; cancer, 2 points; lung disease, 2 points; heart failure, 2 points; current tobacco use, 2 points; and body mass index <25, 1 point), and difficulty with 4 functional variables (bathing, 2 points; walking several blocks, 2 points; managing money, 2 points, and pushing large objects, 1 point. Scores on the risk index were strongly associated with 4-year mortality in the validation cohort, with 0 to 5 points predicting a less than 4% risk, 6 to 9 points predicting a 15% risk, 10 to 13 points predicting a 42% risk, and 14 or more points predicting a 64% risk. The risk index showed excellent discrimination with a cstatistic of 0.84 in the development cohort and 0.82 in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION This prognostic index, incorporating age, sex, self-reported comorbid conditions, and functional measures, accurately stratifies community-dwelling older adults into groups at varying risk of mortality.
Cross-country evidence on the distributional impact of fiscal policy

ABSTRACT This article provides new evidence on the distributional effects of fiscal policy using data on a panel of OECD economies over the last four decades. We study how four measures of income inequality and poverty respond to several stock and flow variables accounting for fiscal actions. We find that increases in government debt and expenditure promote a less unequal distribution of income. We detect a significant distributional impact of education and social spending as well as of government consumption expenditure. We also investigate potential redistributive implications of large fiscal expansion and consolidation episodes finding no evidence of additional effects beyond those associated with conventional fiscal variables. Abbreviations: OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; GDP: Gross Domestic Product; G20: Group of 20 economies (forum of 19 dvanced and emerging countries plus the European Union); CGE: Computational General Equilibrium models; DSGE: Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models; UN-WIDER: United Nations World Institute for Development Economics Research; SWIID: Standardized World Income Inequality Database; WDI: World Development Indicators; PPP: Purchasing-Power Parity; LIS: Luxembourg Income Database; GMM: Generalized Method of Moments; FE: Fixed Effects; RE: Random Effects; SE: Standard Errors; CPI: Consumer Price Index
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE BOUSSINESQ EQUATION USING SPECTRAL METHODS AND STABILITY OF SOLITARY WAVE PROPAGATION

We study numerically the propagation and stability properties of solitary waves (solitons) of the Boussinesq equation in one space dimension, using a combination of finite differences in time and spectral methods in space. Our schemes follow very accurately these solutions, which are given by simple closed formulas and are known to be stable under small perturbations, for small enough velocities. Studying the interaction of two such solitons, we determine in the velocity parameter plane a sharp curve beyond which they become unstable. This is achieved by applying a precise criterion, which predicts when the observed amplitude growth of the waves is caused by a dynamical instability rather than the accumulation of numerical errors.
GES Attitude Observers – Part II: Single Vector Observations

Abstract This paper presents an attitude observer based on single vector observations with globally exponentially stable error dynamics. The proposed solution is computationally efficient and, as the observer does not evolve on the Special Orthogonal Group SO (3), an explicit solution on SO (3) is also provided, whose error is shown to converge to zero for all initial conditions. Singularities, unwinding phenomena, or topological limitations for achieving global asymptotic stabilization are absent and the distinct roles of the inertial and the corresponding body-fixed vector are also examined. Possible extensions are discussed and simulation results are shown that illustrate the achievable performance in the presence of low-grade sensor specifications.
Precision astrometry, galactic mergers, halo substructure and local dark matter

Abstract The concordance Cold Dark Matter model for the formation of structure in the Universe, while remarkably successful at describing observations on large scales, has a number of problems on galactic scales. The Milky Way and its satellite system provide a key laboratory for exploring dark matter (DM) in this regime, but some of the most definitive tests of local DM await microarcsecond astrometry, such as will be delivered by the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM Planetquest). I discuss several tests of Galactic DM enabled by future microarcsecond astrometry.
Empirical Rationality in the Stock Market

This paper approximation errors are introduced in a Luca (1978)-type model to reflect model uncertainty. The purpose is twofold. First, the rational investor is allowed to take model uncertainty into account when asset prices are determined. Second, the statistical degeneracy, common to most structural models, is broken and maximum likehood inference made possible. The model is estimated using U.S. stock data. The equilibrium price is seriously affected by the existence of approximation errors and the descriptive and normative properties are greatly improved. This suggest that investors do not and should not ignore approximation errors.
Application of Real-Time PCR To Study Effects of Ammonium on Population Size of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Soil

ABSTRACT Ammonium oxidation by autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is a key process in agricultural and natural ecosystems and has a large global impact. In the past, the ecology and physiology of AOB were not well understood because these organisms are notoriously difficult to culture. Recent applications of molecular techniques have advanced our knowledge of AOB, but the necessity of using PCR-based techniques has made quantitative measurements difficult. A quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting part of the ammonia-monooxygenase gene (amoA) was developed to estimate AOB population size in soil. This assay has a detection limit of 1.3 × 105 cells/g of dry soil. The effect of the ammonium concentration on AOB population density was measured in soil microcosms by applying 0, 1.5, or 7.5 mM ammonium sulfate. AOB population size and ammonium and nitrate concentrations were monitored for 28 days after (NH4)2SO4 application. AOB populations in amended treatments increased from an initial density of approximately 4 × 106 cells/g of dry soil to peak values (day 7) of 35 × 106 and 66 × 106 cells/g of dry soil in the 1.5 and 7.5 mM treatments, respectively. The population size of total bacteria (quantified by real-time PCR with a universal bacterial probe) remained between 0.7 × 109 and 2.2 × 109 cells/g of soil, regardless of the ammonia concentration. A fertilization experiment was conducted in a tomato field plot to test whether the changes in AOB density observed in microcosms could also be detected in the field. AOB population size increased from 8.9 × 106 to 38.0 × 106 cells/g of soil by day 39. Generation times were 28 and 52 h in the 1.5 and 7.5 mM treatments, respectively, in the microcosm experiment and 373 h in the ammonium treatment in the field study. Estimated oxidation rates per cell ranged initially from 0.5 to 25.0 fmol of NH4+ h−1 cell−1 and decreased with time in both microcosms and the field. Growth yields were 5.6 × 106, 17.5 × 106, and 1.7 × 106 cells/mol of NH4+ in the 1.5 and 7.5 mM microcosm treatments and the field study, respectively. In a second field experiment, AOB population size was significantly greater in annually fertilized versus unfertilized soil, even though the last ammonium application occurred 8 months prior to measurement, suggesting a long-term effect of ammonium fertilization on AOB population size.
The Financial Impact of the French Government's Nationalization/Privatization Strategy

In 1982, the newly elected French government initiated an unprecedented move by undertaking a massive nationalization plan. This plan involved firms which, at the time, played a crucial role in the French economy. The government's move was short-lived, however, as a program leading to the privatization of some of the firms that had been nationalized in 1982 was initiated in 1986. This paper investigates the value that was created (destroyed) during the nationalization period for each of the French firms nationalized in 1982 and re-privatized between 1986 and 1997. This paper also investigates the extent to which the French citizens registered a gain or a loss as a consequence of the government's nationalization/privatization strategy. Our results show that the French government did not destroy value through the nationalization process. They also show that the French government, and thereby the French citizens, did not register any gain from the nationalization process because of the magnitude of both the premiums paid to shareholders of nationalized firms and the underpricing of shares at the time of privatization.
CHAPTER 5 In vivo CREB phosphorylation mediated by dopamine and NMDA receptor activation in mouse hippocampus and caudate nucleus Brain Research Gene Expression Patterns

The pattern of CREB phosphorylation was investigated in the caudate nucleus and hippocampus 10 min or 3 h after i.p. injection of dopamine or NMDA receptor agonists alone, or in combination with antagonists. Ten minutes after C57BL/6J mice were injected with either the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF-38393 hydrobromide or NMDA, immunoreactivity of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) was significantly increased in all parts of the caudate nucleus but not in hippocampal regions. However, 3 h after the injection of SKF-38393, pCREB levels in the caudate nucleus did not differ significantly from the pCREB levels in control animals, whereas pCREB levels were still elevated 3 h after NMDA injection. Except for the D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390, which induced CREB phosphorylation in the caudate nucleus, dopamine and NMDA receptor antagonists had little effect on pCREB levels by themselves. However, the NMDA receptor antagonist CGS-19755 injected i.p. blocked both the NMDAand SKF-38393induced rise of pCREB levels in the caudate nucleus. Similarly, the D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 inhibited the effects produced by SKF-38393 or NMDA. Interestingly, the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride also blocked the SKF-38393triggered rise of pCREB. The results demonstrated that NMDA and dopamine receptors modulate pCREB levels in the caudate nucleus and suggest mutual permissive roles for both receptors.
Low-Complexity Multiantenna Downlink Scheduling

This paper proposes a low-complexity scheduling algorithm with opportunistic channel state feed-back using zero-forcing dirty paper coding (ZF-DPC) or zero-forcing (ZF). Whereas some existing schemes suffer a delay to update the serving users, the proposed algorithm continues to update the serving users immediately at each opportunistic channel feedback. Due to this dynamic serving user adaptation, it outperforms the existing schemes under the same amount of channel feedback
Improving the Effectiveness of Content Popularity Prediction Methods using Time Series Trends

We here present a simple and effective model to predict the popularity of web content. Our solution, which is the winner of two of the three tasks of the ECML/PKDD 2014 Predictive Analytics Challenge, aims at predicting user engagement metrics, such as number of visits and social network engagement, that a web page will achieve 48 hours after its upload, using only information available in the first hour after upload. Our model is based on two steps. We first use time series clustering techniques to extract common temporal trends of content popularity. Next, we use linear regression models, exploiting as predictors both content features (e.g., numbers of visits and mentions on online social networks) and metrics that capture the distance between the popularity time series to the trends extracted in the first step. We discuss why this model is effective and show its gains over state of the art alternatives.
The Impact of Early Bilingualism on Face Recognition Processes

Early linguistic experience has an impact on the way we decode audiovisual speech in face-to-face communication. The present study examined whether differences in visual speech decoding could be linked to a broader difference in face processing. To identify a phoneme we have to do an analysis of the speaker’s face to focus on the relevant cues for speech decoding (e.g., locating the mouth with respect to the eyes). Face recognition processes were investigated through two classic effects in face recognition studies: the Other-Race Effect (ORE) and the Inversion Effect. Bilingual and monolingual participants did a face recognition task with Caucasian faces (own race), Chinese faces (other race), and cars that were presented in an Upright or Inverted position. The results revealed that monolinguals exhibited the classic ORE. Bilinguals did not. Overall, bilinguals were slower than monolinguals. These results suggest that bilinguals’ face processing abilities differ from monolinguals’. Early exposure to more than one language may lead to a perceptual organization that goes beyond language processing and could extend to face analysis. We hypothesize that these differences could be due to the fact that bilinguals focus on different parts of the face than monolinguals, making them more efficient in other race face processing but slower. However, more studies using eye-tracking techniques are necessary to confirm this explanation.
resistance in acute promyelocytic leukemia retinoic acid differentiation trans histone deacetylase for overcoming all-protein is required prior to inhibition of α Targeted removal of PML-RAR

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/content/100/3/1008.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: (795 articles) Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors  (4217 articles) Neoplasia  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
Exercise strategies for American exotic options under ambiguity

We analyze several exotic options of American style in a multiple prior setting and study the optimal exercise strategy from the perspective of an ambiguity averse buyer in a discrete time model of Cox-Ross-Rubinstein style. The multiple prior model relaxes the assumption of a known distribution of the stock price process and takes into account decision maker's inability to completely determine the underlying asset's price dynamics. In order to evaluate the American option the decision maker needs to solve a stopping problem. Unlike the classical approach ambiguity averse decision maker uses a class of measures to evaluate her expected payoffs instead of a unique prior. Given time-consistency of the set of priors an appropriate version of backward induction leads to the solution as in the classical case. Using a duality result the multiple prior stopping problem can be related to the classical stopping problem for a certain probability measure - the worst-case measure. Therefore, the problem can be reduced to identifying the worst-case measure. We obtain the form of the worst-case measure for different classes of exotic options explicitly exploiting the observation that the option can be decomposed in simpler event-driven claims.
Revitalizing REDD plus Policy Processes in Vietnam: The Roles of State and Non-State Actors

Vietnam was one of the first countries to introduce the National REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) Action Program in 2012. The country has recently revised the Program to aim for a more inclusive 2016–2020 strategy and a vision to 2030. This study explores how Vietnam policy actors view REDD+ policy development and their influence in these processes. The results can contribute to the discussion on how policy actors can effectively influence policy processes in the evolving context of REDD+ and in the types of political arrangements represented in Vietnam. We examined the influence of state and non-state actors on the 2012 National REDD+ Action Program (NRAP) processes, and explored factors that may have shaped this influence, using a combination of document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 81 policy actors. It was found that non-state actors in REDD+ are still on the periphery of decision making, occupying “safe” positions, and have not taken either full advantage of their capacities, or of recent significant changes in the contemporary policy environment, to exert stronger influence on policy. We suggest that REDD+ policy processes in Vietnam need to be revitalized with key actors engaging collectively to promote the possibilities of REDD+ within a broader view of social change that reaches beyond the forestry sector.
Saliency detection using parallel non-linear integration of color and gradient using covariances

Visual saliency estimation is an emerging field with various applications specially in computer vision. This paper presents a visual saliency model based on parallel non-linear integration of low level features. Color, gradient and spatial information are the basic features used for saliency computation. At first color and gradient feature matrices are derived from an input image followed by conversion into patches. Secondly these color and gradient feature patches are nonlinearly integrated using covariance. Local average patch dissimilarity is then used to compute saliency and the whole process is repeated with multi size patches. Our approach introduce simple and basic modifications in an existing model and achieve much improved human eye fixation predictions. The main contribution of this paper is the presentation of a parallel approach to integrate color and gradient features for saliency computation. Two of the most popular datasets are used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Our simulations show that the proposed approach performs better than 13 state of the art models on both datasets.
Out-of-hours antibiotic prescription after screening with C reactive protein: a randomised controlled study

Objective To evaluate the effect of preconsultation C reactive protein (CRP) screening on antibiotic prescribing and referral to hospital in Norwegian primary care settings with low prevalence of serious infections. Design Randomised controlled observational study at out-of-hours services in Norway. Setting Primary care. Participants 401 children (0–6 years) with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were recruited from 5 different out-of-hours services (including 1 paediatric emergency clinic) in 2013–2015. Intervention Data were collected from questionnaires and clinical examination results. Every third child was randomised to a CRP test before the consultation; for the rest, the doctor ordered a CRP test if considered necessary. Outcome measures Main outcome variables were prescription of antibiotics and referral to hospital. Results In the group pretested with CRP, the antibiotic prescription rate was 26%, compared with 22% in the control group. In the group pretested with CRP, 5% were admitted to hospital, compared with 9% in the control group. These differences were not statistically significant. The main predictors for ordering a CRP test were parents' assessment of seriousness of the illness and the child's temperature. Paediatricians ordered CRP tests less frequently than did other doctors (9% vs 56%, p<0.001). Conclusions Preconsultation screening with CRP of children presenting to out-of-hours services with fever and/or respiratory symptoms does not significantly affect the prescription of antibiotics or referral to hospital. Trial registration number NCT02496559; Results.
The Endogeneity of Managerial Compensation in Firm Valuation: A Solution

Much of the empirical literature that has examined the functional relationship between firm value and managerial ownership levels assumes that managerial ownership levels are exogenous and are the only component of managerial compensation related to firm performance. This assumption is contrary to the theoretical and empirical literature wherein managerial compensation is endogenously determined and includes both shares and options. Using instruments for managerial compensation and panel data to control for unobservable heterogeneity in the firm's contracting environment, we estimate a system of simultaneous equations. We find that firms are in equilibrium when they endogenously set their chief executive officer's compensation. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Extreme learning machine for software development effort estimation of small programs

During the last few decades software effort estimation has got the attention of many software engineering researchers both in academia and industry to develop new models. Recently Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is being applied to many problems where feed forward neural networks are used. It has not been applied for small projects. The performance of ELM is compared with the Linear Least Squares Regression (LSR). The effect of using one or two independent variables is evaluated. The results of the experiments show that ELM is an alternative to LSR and one independent variable can be used for estimating effort without sacrificing the accuracy.