Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viability assessment of the chondral flap in patients with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement: a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND Delaminated acetabular cartilage is a common finding in patients undergoing surgical dislocation or hip arthroscopy in the treatment of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement. Current treatment involves resection of the free cartilage flap with or without acetabular rim trimming. The viability of the delaminated cartilage flap is not known. We sought to examine if the acetabular cartilage still has viable cartilage cells and, if so, what type of cartilage is present. METHODS We examined the delaminated cartilage flaps from patients undergoing surgical dislocation and osteochondroplasty for symptomatic cam-type impingement. We performed hematoxylin and eosin staining and histological analysis using light microscopy to determine cartilage viability and cartilage type. RESULTS We examined 12 delaminated cartilage flaps from 11 patients (10 men, 1 woman, average age 30.1 yr). Ninety percent chondrocyte viability was confirmed in 11 of 12 flaps. Six of 12 flaps were composed predominantly of hyaline cartilage, 4 were a mixed population of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage and 2 were predominantly fibrocartilage. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the delaminated cartilage flap in patients with femoroacetabular impingement may retain a large amount of viable chondrocytes. Development of surgical techniques focusing on refixation of this flap as an alternative to excision and microfracture should be considered.
Can the history of geology inform geoscience education and public reception of climate change? Lessons from the history of glacial theory

Public understanding of climate change is imperative as communities face the consequences of a warming planet. While the vast majority of the scientific community agrees upon the causes and projections of climate change, public and political debates indicate far less public acceptance. This investigation examined whether an earlier proposal of climate change in the history of science could facilitate climate literacy in modern climate discussions. Louis Agassiz’s 1837 glacial theory proposal was received with initial skepticism, heavily debated, and eventually accepted by the majority of the scientific community 30–40 yr later. In this research, students (n = 24) in an online Earth history course participated in a six unit climate change discussion, with one unit focused upon Agassiz’s proposal of glacial theory. Although pre– and post–Climate Change Survey comparisons (n = 21) documented no significant change in climate change content, the students’ incoming knowledge was significantly greater when compared with their colleagues in previous years. Content analysis of students’ online discussions documented that students addressed most understandings of the nature of science matrix, while content analysis of students’ anonymous survey responses (n = 22) revealed three stable themes, including the benefits of the history of science for providing context for developing theories, facilitating broader understanding of the nature of science, and providing historical episodes that directly relate to modern debates. While students affirmed the importance of the historical climate change episode within their climate discussions, more research is needed to elucidate whether the history can also result in improved climate literacy.
Harmonizing the pixel size in retrospective computed tomography radiomics studies

Consistent pixel sizes are of fundamental importance for assessing texture features that relate intensity and spatial information in radiomics studies. To correct for the effects of variable pixel sizes, we combined image resampling with Butterworth filtering in the frequency domain and tested the correction on computed tomography (CT) scans of lung cancer patients reconstructed 5 times with pixel sizes varying from 0.59 to 0.98 mm. One hundred fifty radiomics features were calculated for each preprocessing and field-of-view combination. Intra-patient agreement and inter-patient agreement were compared using the overall concordance correlation coefficient (OCCC). To further evaluate the corrections, hierarchical clustering was used to identify patient scans before and after correction. To assess the general applicability of the corrections, they were applied to 17 CT scans of a radiomics phantom. The reduction in the inter-scanner variability relative to non–small cell lung cancer patient scans was quantified. The variation in pixel sizes caused the intra-patient variability to be large (OCCC <95%) relative to the inter-patient variability in 79% of the features. However, with the resampling and filtering corrections, the intra-patient variability was relatively large in only 10% of the features. With the filtering correction, 8 of 8 patients were correctly clustered, in contrast to only 2 of 8 without the correction. In the phantom study, resampling and filtering the images of a rubber particle cartridge substantially reduced variability in 61% of the radiomics features and substantially increased variability in only 6% of the features. Surprisingly, resampling without filtering tended to increase the variability. In conclusion, applying a correction based on resampling and Butterworth low-pass filtering in the frequency domain effectively reduced variability in CT radiomics features caused by variations in pixel size. This correction may also reduce the variability introduced by other CT scan acquisition parameters.
Methylene Blue to Treat Protamine-induced Anaphylaxis Reactions. An Experimental Study in Pigs

OBJECTIVE: To examine if methylene blue (MB) can counteract or prevent protamine (P) cardiovascular effects. METHODS: The protocol included five heparinized pig groups: Group Sham -without any drug; Group MB - MB 3 mg/kg infusion; Group P - protamine; Group P/MB - MB after protamine; Group MB/P - MB before protamine. Nitric oxide levels were obtained by the nitric oxide/ozone chemiluminescence method, performed using the Nitric Oxide Analizer 280i (Sievers, Boulder, CO, USA). Malondialdehyde plasma levels were estimated using the thiobarbiturate technique. RESULTS: 1) Groups Sham and MB presented unchanged parameters; 2) Group P - a) Intravenous protamine infusion caused mean arterial pressure decrease and recovery trend after 25-30 minutes, b) Cardiac output decreased and remained stable until the end of protamine injection, and c) Sustained systemic vascular resistance increased until the end of protamine injection; 3) Methylene blue infusion after protamine (Group P/MB) - a) Marked mean arterial pressure decreased after protamine, but recovery after methylene blue injection, b) Cardiac output decreased after protamine infusion, recovering after methylene blue infusion, and c) Sustained systemic vascular resistance increased after protamine infusion and methylene blue injections; 4) Methylene blue infusion before protamine (Group MB/P) - a) Mean arterial pressure decrease was less severe with rapid recovery, b) After methylene blue, there was a progressive cardiac output increase up to protamine injection, when cardiac output decreased, and c) Sustained systemic vascular resistance decreased after protamine, followed by immediate Sustained systemic vascular resistance increase; 5) Plasma nitrite/nitrate and malondialdehyde values did not differ among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Reviewing these experimental results and our clinical experience, we suggest methylene blue safely prevents and treats hemodynamic protamine complications, from the endothelium function point of view.
Mtr 10 p functions as a nuclear import receptor for the mRNA-binding protein Npl 3 p

MTR10, previously shown to be involved in mRNA export, was found in a synthetic lethal relationship with nucleoporin NUP85. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Mtr10p localizes preferentially inside the nucleus, but a nuclear pore and cytoplasmic distribution is also evident. Purified Mtr10p forms a complex with Npl3p, an RNA-binding protein that shuttles in and out of the nucleus. In mtr10 mutants, nuclear uptake of Npl3p is strongly impaired at the restrictive temperature, while import of a classic nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing protein is not. Accordingly, the NLS within Npl3p is extended and consists of the RGG box plus a short and non-repetitive Cterminal tail. Mtr10p interacts in vitro with Gsp1pGTP, but with low affinity. Interestingly, Npl3p dissociates from Mtr10p only by incubation with Ran-GTP plus RNA. This suggests that Npl3p follows a distinct nuclear import pathway and that intranuclear release from its specific import receptor Mtr10p requires the cooperative action of both Ran-GTP and newly synthesized mRNA.
Long-Run Savings and Investment Strategy Optimization

We focus on automatic strategies to optimize life cycle savings and investment. Classical optimal savings theory establishes that, given the level of risk aversion, a saver would keep the same relative amount invested in risky assets at any given time. We show that, when optimizing lifecycle investment, performance and risk assessment have to take into account the investor's risk aversion and the maximum amount the investor could lose, simultaneously. When risk aversion and maximum possible loss are considered jointly, an optimal savings strategy is obtained, which follows from constant rather than relative absolute risk aversion. This result is fundamental to prove that if risk aversion and the maximum possible loss are both high, then holding a constant amount invested in the risky asset is optimal for a standard lifetime saving/pension process and outperforms some other simple strategies. Performance comparisons are based on downside risk-adjusted equivalence that is used in our illustration.
Cost Efficacy of Metal Stents for Palliation of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Endoscopic stents are placed for palliation of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. Although self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) remain patent longer than plastic stents, they are more expensive. We aimed to evaluate which type of stent (plastic, uncovered SEMS [uSEMS], or partially covered SEMS [pcSEMS]) is the most effective and we assessed costs. METHODS We performed a multicenter randomized trial in 219 patients at 18 hospitals in The Netherlands from February 2008 through February 2013. Patients were assigned randomly for placement of a plastic stent (n = 73), uSEMS (n = 75), or pcSEMS (n = 71) during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Patients were followed up for up to 1 year. Researchers were not blinded to groups. The main study end points included functional stent time and costs. RESULTS The mean functional stent times were 172 days for plastic stents, 288 days for uSEMS, and 299 days for pcSEMS (P < .005 for uSEMS and pcSEMS vs plastic). The initial placement of plastic stents (€1042 or $1106) cost significantly less than placement of SEMS (€1973 or $2094) (P = .001). However, the total cost per patient at the end of the follow-up period did not differ significantly between plastic stents (€7320 or $7770) and SEMS (€6932 or $7356) (P = .61). Furthermore, in patients with short survival times (≤3 mo) or metastatic disease, the total cost per patient did not differ between plastic stents and SEMS. No differences in costs were found between pcSEMS and uSEMS. CONCLUSIONS Although placement of SEMS (uncovered or partially covered) for palliation of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction initially is more expensive than placement of plastic stents, SEMS have longer functional time. The total costs after 1 year do not differ significantly with stent type. Dutch Clinical Trial Registration no: NTR1361.
Identifying Business Value From The Use Of Social Media: An Sme Perspective

This research examines how smaller businesses can derive business value from the use of social media. Conducted from the SME perspective, the study first examines the relevant literature to identify the key issues involved in the use of social media. It then examines five established case studies and the case firms' websites. The extracted data is used to draw insights into the business problems and objectives that influence SMEs to use social media. Business value is found to lie primarily in the domain of customer engagement and the realisation of benefits is strongly influenced by the ability of the SME to identify with their customer base. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will foster an understanding of the business value that can be derived from social media by small and medium enterprises.
Experimental Comparison of Graph Databases

In the recent years a new type of NoSQL databases, called graph databases (GDBs), has gained significant popularity due to the increasing need of processing and storing data in the form of a graph. The objective of this paper is a research on possibilities and limitations of GDBs and conducting an experimental comparison of selected GDB implementations. For this purpose the requirements of a universal GDB benchmark have been formulated and an extensible benchmarking tool, called BlueBench, has been developed.
Harvesting forest biomass in the US southern Rocky Mountains: cost and production rates of five ground-based forest operations

ABSTRACT The forests of the southern Rocky Mountains of North America have experienced substantial change since European colonization. High-grade logging, forest grazing practices, and fire suppression have altered once park-like ponderosa pine-dominated ecosystems into dense forests in need of restoration treatments, but such treatments are challenged by the low-value wood products removed during treatment. This study aims to understand and evaluate restoration harvest practices in the southern Rocky Mountains in terms of equipment used, production rates, and costs under both observed and modeled site and stand conditions across the region. During the summer of 2017 we observed five ground-based harvest operations of varying size and capacity across the region and analyzed their characteristics using detailed time study data. Observed stump-to-truck harvest rates ranged from $19.11 to $43.25 United States Dollars per tonne with an average of $29.70 per tonne, and modeled costs based on standardized variables from $19.95 to $33.39 per tonne with an average of $26.19 per tonne. Observed average productivity rates for felling, skidding, processing, loading, and biomass grinding were respectively 22.9, 16.0, 20.7, 27.8 and 49.8 tonnes per scheduled machine hour (SMH). Under modeled conditions for the same functions except grinding, productivity averaged 25.4, 18.6, 23.1, and 28.2 tonnes per SMH. Results from this study will be used as a benchmark for efficiency and costs and to model region-wide biomass production.
ACC/AHA PRACTICE GUIDELINES ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: Executive Summary

SHARON A. HUNT, MD, FACC, Chair DAVID W. BAKER, MD, MPH, FACP MARSHALL H. CHIN, MD, MPH MICHAEL P. CINQUEGRANI, MD, FACC ARTHUR M. FELDMAN, MD, PHD, FACC GARY S. FRANCIS, MD, FACC THEODORE G. GANIATS, MD SIDNEY GOLDSTEIN, MD, FACC GABRIEL GREGORATOS, MD, FACC MARIELL L. JESSUP, MD, FACC R. JOSEPH NOBLE, MD, FACC MILTON PACKER, MD, FACC MARC A. SILVER, MD, FACC, FACP, FCCP, FCGC LYNNE WARNER STEVENSON, MD, FACC
On the capability of fuzzy set theory to represent concepts

The aim of this paper is to examine the conclusions drawn by Osherson and Smith ["On the adequacy of prototype theory as a theory of concepts", Cognition 9 (1981), pp. 35-58] concerning the inadequacy of the apparatus of fuzzy set theory to represent concepts. Since Osherson and Smith derive their conclusions from specific examples, we show for each of these examples that the respective conclusion they arrive at is not warranted. That is, we demonstrate that fuzzy set theory is sufficiently expressive to represent the various strong intuitions and experimental evidence regarding the relation between simple and combined concepts that are described by Osherson and Smith. To pursue our arguments, we introduce a few relevant notions of fuzzy set theory.
Adenosine in Renin‐Dependent Renovascular Hypertension

Our previous studies support the hypothesis that activation of the renin-angiotensin system by renal ischemia elevates adenosine levels and that adenosine acts in a negative feedback loop to limit renin release and to mitigate some of the hypertension-producing effects of angiotensin II. To further test this hypothesis, we compared the time course of caffeine-induced Increases in plasma renin activity with the time course of changes in plasma levels of adenosine in two models of renin-dependent renovascular hypertension. Also, we compared the effects of caffeine on plasma renin activity and arterial blood pressure in renin-dependent versus renin-independent renovascular hypertension. In comparison to sham-operated rats, plasma levels of adenosine In the left and right renal veins and aorta were elevated severalfold in two-kidney, one clip rats (2K1C) 1 week after left renal artery clipping. However, adenosine levels declined during the second and third weeks after clipping. In 2K1C rats treated chronically with caffeine, plasma renin activity was markedly elevated during the first week after operation as compared to non-caffeine-treated 2K1C rats. However, during the second and third weeks after clipping, caffeine had lesser effects on plasma renin activity. A temporal relationship between plasma adenosine levels and caffeine-induced hyperreninemia was also observed in rats with aortic ligation. Caffeine accelerated hypertension in 2K1C rats and rats with aortic ligation (renin-dependent renovascular hypertension), but it had no effect on plasma renin activity or blood pressure hi one-kidney, one clip rats (renin-independent renovascular hypertension). These results lend further support to the hypothesis that adenosine functions to mitigate the renin-angiotensin system hi renin-dependent renovascular hypertension.
Degradation and Metabolite Production of Tylosin in Anaerobic and Aerobic Swine‐Manure Lagoons

Watershed contamination from antibiotics is becoming a critical issue because of increased numbers of confined animal‐feeding operations and the use of antibiotics in animal production. To understand the fate of tylosin in manure before it is land‐applied, degradation in manure lagoon slurries at 22°C was studied. Tylosin disappearance followed a biphasic pattern, where rapid initial loss was followed by a slow removal phase. The 90% disappearance times for tylosin, relomycin (tylosin D), and desmycosin (tylosin B) in anaerobically incubated slurries were 30 to 130 hours. Aerating the slurries reduced the 90% disappearance times to between 12 and 26 hours. Biodegradation and abiotic degradation occur, but strong sorption to slurry solids was probably the primary mechanism of tylosin disappearance. Dihydrodesmycosin and an unknown degradate with molecular mass of m/z 934.5 were detected. Residual tylosin remained in slurry after eight months of incubation, indicating that degradation in lagoons is incomplete and that residues will enter agricultural fields.
Intelligent Imaging of Forensic Ballistics Specimens for ID

The paper describes some of important technologies in the firearm identification using forensic ballistics specimens. The mapping of micro-surfaces on regions on the specimens for comparison to establish identification according to the precision of measurement of the features has been proposed. The physical techniques of linescan, laser depth proofing, and photonic 3D topography can be developed into future tools for forensic ballisticians for identification of cartridge cases and projectiles.
A Geodesy‐ and Seismicity‐Based Local Earthquake Likelihood Model for Central Los Angeles

We estimate time‐independent earthquake likelihoods in central Los Angeles using a model of interseismic strain accumulation and the 1932–2017 seismic catalog. We assume that on the long‐term average, earthquakes and aseismic deformation collectively release seismic moment at a rate balancing interseismic loading, mainshocks obey the Gutenberg‐Richter law (a log linear magnitude‐frequency distribution [MFD]) up to a maximum magnitude and a Poisson process, and aftershock sequences obey the Gutenberg‐Richter and “Båth” laws. We model a comprehensive suite of these long‐term systems, assess how likely each system would be to have produced the MFD of the instrumental catalog, and use these likelihoods to probabilistically estimate the long‐term MFD. We estimate Mmax = 6.8 + 1.05/−0.4 (every ~300 years) or Mmax = 7.05 + 0.95/−0.4 assuming a truncated or tapered Gutenberg‐Richter MFD, respectively. Our results imply that, for example, the (median) likelihood of one or more Mw ≥ 6.5 mainshocks is 0.2% in 1 year, 2% in 10 years, and 18–21% in 100 years.
FLUKTUASI CURAH HUJAN DAN KOMUNITAS SERANGGA DI HUTAN TROPIS TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN*[Fluctuation of rainfall and insect community in a tropical forest, Gunung Halimun National Park]

Study on fluctuation of rainfall and insect community was conducted in a tropical forest, Gunung Halimun National Park. Ten years rainfall data was available to discuss their fluctuations. Rainfall was relatively non-seasonal with high number of almost entire monthly rainfalls.Although fluctuation of rainfall in GHNP did not show clear seasonal trend, however appearance of less rainfall showed from June to September. There were several slight fluctuations in the number of rainfalls from a month to another and some time showed major and minor peaks. Monthly dry months had never reached 0 mm. In ordinary years, only one-month drought occurred in July 1991 (90 mm) and December 2000 (8 mm). Strong drought occurred only during El Nino of 1994 and 1997, which have 3 to 4 dry months. Fluctuation of insect community was studied from March 2000 up to February 2001. Two insect collection methods were applied by setting up light traps and pitfall traps. Total individual of each order of insect counted monthly and to be compared one to another. Changing the number of monthly individual of each order was interpreted to the number of monthly rainfall in order to analyze the relation of changing of the number of rainfall and the individual of each order of the insect collected. Fluctuation of the number of monthly rainfall was synchronous to the number of insect community collected by light traps (night flying insect) but tend to opposite to the number of insect collected by pitfall traps (ground insect).
Residential patterns of Australian mixed-ethnicity couples: advancing understandings of ethnic geographies

vi Table of contents . ix List of figures . xv List of tables . xvii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Mixed-ethnicity (mixed-race) couples across time and space . 1 1.2 Notes on terminology and thesis structure . 5 1.3 The social, cultural and numerical significance of mixed-ethnicity partnerships . 8 1.4 Contemporary attitudes towards boundary-crossing partnerships . 11 1.5 Exploring mixed-ethnicity partnerships through a geographic lens . 13 1.6 Research aims . 14 1.7 The residential geographies of mixed-ethnicity couples . 16 1.8 A conceptual framework for the geographical analysis of mixed-ethnicity couples . 20 1.8. 1 Conceptualising ethnic identities . 21 1.8. 2 Theories of ethnic residential segregation . 25 1.8. 3 Shifting geographic scales: from individuals to households. 30 1.8. 4 Theorising ethnic residential geographies at the household level . 32