Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Replacing Pork Back Fat with Brewer's Spent Grain Dietary Fiber on Quality Characteristics of Reduced-fat Chicken Sausages

The effects of replacing pork back fat with brewer's spent grain (BSG) pre-emulsion for physicochemical, textural properties, and sensory evaluations of reduced-fat chicken sausages are evaluated. Control was prepared with 15% pork back fat, and three reduced-fat chicken sausages were formulated with the replacement of 20, 25, and 30% pork back fat with BSG pre-emulsion. The pH level of reduced-fat sausages formulated with BSG pre-emulsion is lower than that of the control (p<0.05). The redness, yellowness, and apparent viscosity of reduced-fat chicken sausages increase proportionally with increasing BSG pre-emulsion (p<0.05). With increasing BSG pre-emulsion concentration, the fat contents and energy values are decreased in reduced-fat chicken sausages (p<0.05). The BSG pre-emulsion improves the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of reduced-fat chicken sausages (p<0.05), and the reduction in fat and the addition of BSG pre-emulsion had no influence on the cohesiveness of the chicken sausage. And there is no significant difference in the overall acceptability among control, T1 (chicken sausage with 20% of BSG pre-emulsion, 10% of fat addition), and T2 (chicken sausage with 25% of BSG pre-emulsion, 5% of fat addition) (p>0.05). Therefore, our results indicate that BSG is effective dietary fiber source for manufacturing of reduced-fat meat product and suggest that 20-25% of BSG pre-emulsion is suitable for pork back fat in chicken sausages.
Thanks, mom and dad! An experimental study of gratitude letter writing for Asian and White American emerging adults

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of a gratitude writing intervention on Asian American and White American emerging adults’ positive and negative affect and experience of gratitude. A total of 581 emerging adults completed an online survey twice, 2 weeks apart. In the first survey, participants were randomly assigned to either a control condition (writing objective facts about their parents) or a gratitude condition (writing a gratitude letter to their parents) after completing measures on their demographics, well-being, and experience of gratitude. In the second survey, participants completed measures on well-being and experience of gratitude. Gratitude writing had a significant buffering effect on participants’ positive affect 2 weeks after the intervention, but not on other outcomes. Several significant interaction effects indicated that gratitude writing was more effective for individuals who had low quality parent–child relationship and those who endorsed high levels of familial collectivism and had low quality parent–child relationships. Gratitude writing could benefit emerging adults and their parents by acting as a protective factor for positive affect, which may provide space for Asian American emerging adults and their parents to explore ways to understand issues revolving around their relationship. Further implications for research and clinical practice were discussed.
Understanding Language Preference for Expression of Opinion and Sentiment: What do Hindi-English Speakers do on Twitter?

Linguistic research on multilingual societies has indicated that there is usually a preferred language for expression of emotion and sentiment (Dewaele, 2010). Paucity of data has limited such studies to participant interviews and speech transcriptions from small groups of speakers. In this paper, we report a study on 430,000 unique tweets from Indian users, specifically Hindi-English bilinguals, to understand the language of preference, if any, for expressing opinion and sentiment. To this end, we develop classifiers for opinion detection in these languages, and further classifying opinionated tweets into positive, negative and neutral sentiments. Our study indicates that Hindi (i.e., the native language) is preferred over English for expression of negative opinion and swearing. As an aside, we explore some common pragmatic functions of code-switching through sentiment detection.
Relations of Collectivism Socialization Goals and Training Beliefs to Chinese Parenting

Parenting behaviors may be influenced by multiple factors, including parental values, beliefs, socialization goals, and children’s characteristics (e.g., personality, age). This study examined relations between Chinese mothers’ collectivism socialization goals and “training” beliefs and their parenting styles and behaviors with their children (youth ages 9-17 years), using structural equation modeling (SEM). In addition, in an exploratory manner, the associations between youth’s age and mothers’ parenting styles and behaviors were also explored. In all, 652 youth (female 46.2% and male 52.9%) and their mothers were recruited from urban areas in mainland China. Youth answered questionnaires about their mothers’ parenting (i.e., parenting styles, behavioral control, and psychological control), and mothers reported their endorsement of collectivism socialization goals and “training” beliefs. The findings suggest that Chinese mothers’ endorsement of collectivism socialization goals was positively associated with their authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles and behavioral control, but negatively associated with psychological control. Chinese mothers’ “training” beliefs were negatively associated with the use of behavioral control. Youth age was negatively associated with Chinese mothers’ use of authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles and behavioral control. Therefore, the current study suggests that mothers’ collectivism socialization goals and “training” beliefs and youth age may have an impact on parenting styles and parenting behaviors in mainland Chinese mothers.
Across the Indian Ocean: the prehistoric movement of plants and animals

Here is a major research project that is peopling the Indian Ocean with prehistoric seafarers exchanging native crops and stock between Africa and India. Not the least exciting part of the work is the authors' contention that the prime movers of this maritime adventure were not the great empires but a multitude of small-scale entrepreneurs.
Inferring the Joint Demographic History of Multiple Populations from Multidimensional SNP Frequency Data

Demographic models built from genetic data play important roles in illuminating prehistorical events and serving as null models in genome scans for selection. We introduce an inference method based on the joint frequency spectrum of genetic variants within and between populations. For candidate models we numerically compute the expected spectrum using a diffusion approximation to the one-locus, two-allele Wright-Fisher process, involving up to three simultaneous populations. Our approach is a composite likelihood scheme, since linkage between neutral loci alters the variance but not the expectation of the frequency spectrum. We thus use bootstraps incorporating linkage to estimate uncertainties for parameters and significance values for hypothesis tests. Our method can also incorporate selection on single sites, predicting the joint distribution of selected alleles among populations experiencing a bevy of evolutionary forces, including expansions, contractions, migrations, and admixture. We model human expansion out of Africa and the settlement of the New World, using 5 Mb of noncoding DNA resequenced in 68 individuals from 4 populations (YRI, CHB, CEU, and MXL) by the Environmental Genome Project. We infer divergence between West African and Eurasian populations 140 thousand years ago (95% confidence interval: 40–270 kya). This is earlier than other genetic studies, in part because we incorporate migration. We estimate the European (CEU) and East Asian (CHB) divergence time to be 23 kya (95% c.i.: 17–43 kya), long after archeological evidence places modern humans in Europe. Finally, we estimate divergence between East Asians (CHB) and Mexican-Americans (MXL) of 22 kya (95% c.i.: 16.3–26.9 kya), and our analysis yields no evidence for subsequent migration. Furthermore, combining our demographic model with a previously estimated distribution of selective effects among newly arising amino acid mutations accurately predicts the frequency spectrum of nonsynonymous variants across three continental populations (YRI, CHB, CEU).
Sea Ice Roughness From Airborne LIDAR Profiles

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data acquired during the AMSR-Ice03 Arctic flights are used to observe and characterize the spectral behavior of sea ice roughness. Height distributions and roughness spectral densities are derived from surface profiles measured over a variety of sea ice types. The spectral densities are fit to Lorentzian curves to obtain the correlation length and root-mean-square height of roughness within the sampling bandpass of the LIDAR profiler. The utilization of these spectral parameters outside of their bandpass is also discussed
Trophic factors as modulators of motor neuron physiology and survival: implications for ALS therapy

Motor neuron physiology and development depend on a continuous and tightly regulated trophic support from a variety of cellular sources. Trophic factors guide the generation and positioning of motor neurons during every stage of the developmental process. As well, they are involved in axon guidance and synapse formation. Even in the adult spinal cord an uninterrupted trophic input is required to maintain neuronal functioning and protection from noxious stimuli. Among the trophic factors that have been demonstrated to participate in motor neuron physiology are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Upon binding to membrane receptors expressed in motor neurons or neighboring glia, these trophic factors activate intracellular signaling pathways that promote cell survival and have protective action on motor neurons, in both in vivo and in vitro models of neuronal degeneration. For these reasons these factors have been considered a promising therapeutic method for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, although their efficacy in human clinical trials have not yet shown the expected protection. In this minireview we summarize experimental data on the role of these trophic factors in motor neuron function and survival, as well as their mechanisms of action. We also briefly discuss the potential therapeutic use of the trophic factors and why these therapies may have not been yet successful in the clinical use.
Differential Transcript Profiles of MHC Class Ib(Qa-1, Qa-2, and Qa-10) and Aire Genes during the Ontogeny of Thymus and Other Tissues

Qa-2 and Qa-1 are murine nonclassical MHC class I molecules involved in the modulation of immune responses by interacting with T CD8+ and NK cell inhibitory receptors. During thymic education, the Aire gene imposes the expression of thousands of tissue-related antigens in the thymic medulla, permitting the negative selection events. Aiming to characterize the transcriptional profiles of nonclassical MHC class I genes in spatial-temporal association with the Aire expression, we evaluated the gene expression of H2-Q7(Qa-2), H2-T23(Qa-1), H2-Q10(Qa-10), and Aire during fetal and postnatal development of thymus and other tissues. In the thymus, H2-Q7(Qa-2) transcripts were detected at high levels throughout development and were positively correlated with Aire expression during fetal ages. H2-Q7(Qa-2) and H2-T23(Qa-1) showed distinct expression patterns with gradual increasing levels according to age in most tissues analyzed. H2-Q10(Qa-10) was preferentially expressed by the liver. The Aire transcriptional profile showed increased levels during the fetal period and was detectable in postnatal ages in the thymus. Overall, nonclassical MHC class I genes started to be expressed early during the ontogeny. Their levels varied according to age, tissue, and mouse strain analyzed. This differential expression may contribute to the distinct patterns of mouse susceptibility/resistance to infectious and noninfectious disorders.
How Reliable Are Systematic Reviews in Empirical Software Engineering?

BACKGROUND-The systematic review is becoming a more commonly employed research instrument in empirical software engineering. Before undue reliance is placed on the outcomes of such reviews it would seem useful to consider the robustness of the approach in this particular research context. OBJECTIVE-The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of systematic reviews as a research instrument. In particular, we wish to investigate the consistency of process and the stability of outcomes. METHOD-We compare the results of two independent reviews undertaken with a common research question. RESULTS-The two reviews find similar answers to the research question, although the means of arriving at those answers vary. CONCLUSIONS-In addressing a well-bounded research question, groups of researchers with similar domain experience can arrive at the same review outcomes, even though they may do so in different ways. This provides evidence that, in this context at least, the systematic review is a robust research method.
Crime victims’ evaluations of procedural justice and police performance in relation to cooperation: a qualitative study in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Previous research suggests that perceived negative treatment by police officers may have consequences for victims’ willingness to share information with the police. This might explain why particularly repeat victims are less likely to cooperate with the police. The current study explores why this would be true by conducting in-depth interviews with 32 crime victims who had recently reported their victimisation of property crime or violent crime to the police. Results indicate that victims of both types of crime had similar thoughts on what was deemed fair treatment. Victims who were deeply touched by the crime and/or the offender thought it was also important that the police took a clear-stance against the crime. While rapid case handling seemed to be more important for property crime victims than police officers’ investigative actions and the outcome, victims of violent crime expected the police to find the offender to make it clear to the offender that such (law-breaking) behaviour was not tolerated. When victims of violent crime felt that the police had failed in this task, they would feel abandoned by the police. This feeling had not only negative consequences for these victims’ willingness to cooperate, but could even lead to feelings of vigilantism, particularly among victims of violent crime who knew their offender. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Factors Predicting Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents in India

FACTORS PREDICTING ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN INDIA by Anjali Tanya Jain The tripartite model (Clark & Watson, 1991) helps explain co-occurring anxiety and depression by proposing components that are shared (negative affect, NA) and unique (positive affect, PA; and physiological hyperarousal, PH) to each syndrome. Though this model is supported across youth and adults, these studies exclusively comprise of samples from Western countries. Research demonstrating cultural variation in the salience and expression of affect and physiology suggests that tripartite components may function differently for individuals in Asia. Among 282 adolescents and one of their parents from India, we examined whether the tripartite model was supported, and whether academic stress moderated tripartite pathways. Dyads reported on adolescent symptoms twice, five months apart. Concurrently, the tripartite model was supported with regard to affective components, though not with PH. Longitudinally, the tripartite model was supported with regard to PH, though not with respect to affective components. There were main effects for academic stress on each symptom cluster, and two significant interactions between academic stress and adolescent PA as well as NA, though the effects were not in the expected directions. Findings are interpreted in the context of existing literature regarding the tripartite model, as well as cultural scripts about emotion. Clinical implications are discussed.
Design & Implementation of Saliency Detection Model in H.264 Standard

: Saliency detection is defined as a region of interest which is focused beyond the background. Nowadays saliency detection is widely used in different fields and have many scopes in image and video processing applications. Existing saliency detection techniques are implemented in uncompressed domain. In this paper we proposed an algorithm for visual saliency detection model for videos by using H.264 standard. Since H.264 is in compressed domain, the storage space is reduced and processing speed is high to deliver data to the end users. Therefore H.264 bit streams is required in various internet based multimedia applications. First the features of H.264 bit streams are extracted then saliency computation is done by calculating its static & motion saliency map. Before extracting the features macro blocks are generated and the frames of input video bit stream are coded in each macro block and it splits into unpredicted DCT coefficients and predicted motion vectors. The DCT coefficients are used to extract the features of luminance, color & texture of the unpredicted/current video frame to obtain the static saliency map whereas the motion saliency map of predicted frame is computed by motion features. Combining these features of static & motion saliency map, the final saliency map is extracted which focusing only on the particular region of interest which we want in the scene by drawing a rectangle on that region of interest (ROI) along with the irrelevant background but the ROI part is focused beyond the background. Thus the proposed model for videos can predict the salient part accurately and efficiently in compressed domain while separating it with unfocused region. The experimental result indicates that our proposed model outperforms from the other existing saliency detection models.
Gap-deenable Counting Classes

The function class #P lacks an important closure property: it is not closed under subtraction. To remedy this problem, we introduce the function class GapP as a natural alternative to #P. GapP is the closure of #P under subtraction, and has all the other useful closure properties of #P as well. We show that most previously studied counting classes, including PP, C=P, and ModkP, are \gap-de nable," i.e., de nable using the values of GapP functions alone. We show that there is a smallest gap-de nable class, SPP, which is still large enough to contain Few. We also show that SPP consists of exactly those languages low for GapP, and thus SPP languages are low for any gap-de nable class. These results unify and improve earlier disparate results of Cai & Hemachandra [7] and K obler, Sch oning, Toda, & Tor an [15]. We show further that any countable collection of languages is contained in a unique minimumgap-de nable class, which implies that the gap-de nable classes form a lattice under inclusion. Subtraction seems necessary for this result, since nothing similar is known for the #P-de nable classes. 3
The Obstinate Passion of Foreign Exchange Professionals: Technical Analysis

Technical analysis involves the prediction of asset price movements from inductive analysis of past movements. We establish a number of stylized facts, including that technical analysis is widespread in the foreign exchange market and that it may be profitable. We then analyze four arguments that have been put forward to explain this: that the market may not be fully rational; that technical analysis may exploit the influence of official interventions; that it may be an efficient form of information processing; and that it may inform on nonfundamental influences. While each may have some validity, the latter is the most plausible.
NOTES ON FIVE-DIMENSIONAL KERR BLACK HOLES

The geometry of five-dimensional Kerr black holes is discussed based on geodesics and Weyl curvatures. Kerr-Star space, Star-Kerr space and Kruskal space are naturally introduced by using special null geodesics. We show that the geodesics of AdS Kerr black hole are integrable, which generalizes the result of Frolov and Stojkovic. We also show that five-dimensional AdS Kerr black holes are isospectrum deformations of Ricci-flat Kerr black holes in the sense that the eigenvalues of the Weyl curvature are preserved.
Real-time neutron and alpha soft-error rate testing of CMOS 130nm SRAM: Altitude versus underground measurements

This work reports real-time soft-error rate (SER) testing of semiconductor static memories in both altitude and underground environments to separate the component of the SER induced by the cosmic rays (i.e. primarily by atmospheric neutrons) from that caused by on-chip radioactive impurities (alpha-particle emitters). Two European dedicated sites were used to perform long-term real-time measurements with the same setup: the Altitude SEE Test European Platform (ASTEP) at the altitude of 2252 m and the underground laboratory of Modane (LSM, CEA-CNRS) under 1700 m of rock (4800 meters water equivalent). Experimental data obtained using 3.6 Gbit of SRAMs manufactured in CMOS 130 nm technology are reported and analyzed. Comparison with accelerated and simulated SER is also discussed.
Trans-Corneal Subretinal Injection in Mice and Its Effect on the Function and Morphology of the Retina

Purpose To introduce a practical method of subretinal injection in mice and evaluate injection-induced retinal detachment (RD) and damage using a dynamic imaging system, electrophysiology, and histology. Methods After full dilation of a 2-month-old C57BL/6J mouse pupil, the cornea near the limbus was punctured with a 30 ½-gague disposable beveled needle. A 33 ½-gauge blunt needle was inserted through the corneal perforation into the anterior chamber, avoiding the lens before going deeper into the vitreous cavity, and penetrating the inner retina to reach the subretinal space. The mice were divided into four groups: in group 1, about 80–100% of the retina was filled with subretinally injected solution; in group 2, approximately 50–70% of the retina was filled with injected solution; in group 3, the procedures were stopped before solution injection; and non-injected eyes were used as the negative control in group 4. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system was used to monitor retinal reattachment during the first three days following the injections. Histological and functional changes were examined by light microscopy and electroretinography (ERG) at five weeks post-injection. Results After a short-term training, a 70% success rate with 50% or more coverage (i.e., retinal blebs occupied 50% or more retinal area and filled with the injected solution) with minimal injection-related damages can be achieved. Bleb formation was associated with retinal detachment (RD) between the neuroretina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer. Partial RD could be observed at post-injection day 1, and by day 2 most of the retina had reattached. At 5 weeks post-injection, compared to uninjected control group 4, the b-wave amplitudes of ERG decreased 22% in group 1, 16% in group 2, and 7% in group 3; the b-wave amplitudes were statistically different between the uninjected group and the groups with either 50–70% or 80–100% coverage. The subretinal injection-induced RD reattached and became stable at five weeks post-injection, although some photoreceptor damage could still be observed in and around the injection sites, especially in 80–100% coverage group. Conclusions Trans-corneal subretinal injection is effective and practical, although subretinal injection-related damages can cause some morphological and functional loss.