Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL)

Background : The measurement of functional disabilities in patients with dementia is one of the essential parts of evaluation for dementia from the viewpoint of diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, few standardized scales for the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are available in Korea. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean IADL (K-IADL). M e t h o d s : K-IADL is comprised of 11 items that were selected by the Representative Committee of the Korean Dementia Research Group. These include: (1) shopping, (2) mode of transportation, (3) ability to handle finances, (4) house keeping, (5) preparing food, (6) ability to use a telephone, (7) responsibility for own medication, (8) recent memory, (9) hobbies, (10) watching television, and (11) fixing around the house. K-IADL was administered to informants of 114 dementia patients and age and sex matched 106 controls. The informants rated each item as follows: 0=normal, 1=with some assistance, 2=with much assistance, 3=unable to do, NA=not applicable. Results : Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.96) and the test-retest reliability(r=0.94) of K-IADL were significant. A principle component factor analysis extracted a single factor that accounted for 70.3% of the total variance (Eigenvalue: 7.74), and K-IADL was correlated significantly with other general cognitive indices, demonstrating good validity. With a cut-off point of 0.43, the K-IADL had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 82% in the diagnosis of dementia. Conclusions : Our results showed that K-IADL could be a reliable and valid tool for the quantification of functional disabilities of Korean dementia patients.
Self-efficacy of College Intermediate French Students: Relation to Achievement and Motivation

The objective of this investigation was to examine the influence of self-efficacy and other motivational self-beliefs on the achievement of college intermediate French students (N = 303). Self-efficacy for self-regulation was a stronger predictor of intermediate French language achievement than were self-efficacy to obtain grades in French, French anxiety in reading and listening, and French learning self-concept. Students who perceived themselves as capable of using effective metacognitive strategies to monitor their academic work time effectively were more apt to experience academic success in intermediate French. Female students reported greater self-efficacy for self-regulation, interest, value, and enjoyment in learning about both the French language and culture than did male students, despite the fact that men and women had similar achievement. Findings are interpreted from the perspective of Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory as it related to foreign language motivation and learning.
Inhibitory effect of Ginkgol C17:1 on the biological behavior of tumor cells

Ginkgol C17:1 is a bioactive compound derived from Ginkgo biloba. In the present study, the effect and possible mechanisms of action of Ginkgol C17:1 on the biological behaviors of tumor cells were investigated. Whilst cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay, the behaviors of cell migration and invasion were explored using Transwell and modified Transwell assays. The results revealed that Ginkgol C17:1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of human tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, due to their associations with the biological behaviors of tumor cells, the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) and phosphorylated-protein kinase B (Akt) was analyzed by western blotting. The results showed that the expression of the aforementioned proteins was decreased markedly following Ginkgol C17:1 treatment. The results of the present study suggested that Ginkgol C17:1 suppresses the biological behaviors of tumor cells by inhibiting the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/MMP, Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways.
Determining Microeukaryotic Plankton Community around Xiamen Island, Southeast China, Using Illumina MiSeq and PCR-DGGE Techniques

Microeukaryotic plankton are important components of aquatic environments and play key roles in marine microbial food webs; however, little is known about their genetic diversity in subtropical offshore areas. Here we examined the community composition and genetic diversity of the microeukaryotic plankton in Xiamen offshore water by PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), clone-based sequencing and Illumina based sequencing. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed a much (approximately two orders of magnitude) higher species richness of the microeukaryotic community than DGGE, but there were no significant difference in species richness and diversity among the northern, eastern, southern or western stations based on both methods. In this study, Copepoda, Ciliophora, Chlorophyta, Dinophyceae, Cryptophyta and Bacillariophyta (diatoms) were the dominant groups even though diatoms were not detected by DGGE. Our Illumina based results indicated that two northern communities (sites N2 and N3) were significantly different from others in having more protozoa and fewer diatoms. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that both temperature and salinity were the significant environmental factors influencing dominant species communities, whereas the full microeukaryotic community appeared to be affected by a complex of environmental factors. Our results suggested that extensive sampling combined with more deep sequencing are needed to obtain the complete diversity of the microeukaryotic community, and different diversity patterns for both abundant and rare taxa may be important in evaluating the marine ecosystem health.
POSTERIOR SCLERAL REINFORCEMENT AND VITRECTOMY FOR MYOPIC FOVEOSCHISIS IN EXTREME MYOPIA

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of surgical posterior scleral reinforcement in extremely myopic patients (axial length ≥30 mm) with myopic foveoschisis. Methods: The retrospective interventional case series study included patients with an axial length ≥30 mm, posterior scleral staphyloma, and myopic foveoschisis, who were treated either by posterior scleral reinforcement and 23-gauge 3-port pars plana vitrectomy (posterior scleral reinforcement group) or by vitrectomy (vitrectomy group) alone. All eyes additionally underwent cataract surgery. Results: The study included 28 patients (28 eyes) with no significant (all P > 0.05) difference between the posterior scleral reinforcement group (n = 14) and the vitrectomy group (n = 14) in age, refractive error, axial length, and preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). In addition to posterior scleral staphyloma and foveoschisis, a macular hole, a macular hole–associated retinal detachment, and a macular detachment without macular hole were present in three eyes, five eyes, and one eye, respectively in the study group and in three eyes, three eyes, and six eyes, respectively in the control group. In the study group, BCVA was significantly better after surgery than at baseline (P = 0.005) with an improvement in BCVA in 13 eyes, whereas BCVA was unchanged in 1 eye. In the control group, BCVA at baseline and at the end of follow-up did not differ significantly (P = 0.22). Gain in BCVA was marginally significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group (improvement by 0.69 ± 0.76 logMAR vs. 0.19 ± 0.54 logMAR; P = 0.05). The number of eyes with any improvement in BCVA (13 [93%] eyes vs. 11 [79%] eyes; P = 0.289) did not differ between both groups; an improvement in BCVA by more than 2 lines (10 [71%] eyes vs. 3 [21%] eyes; P = 0.009) was significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group. Anatomical success (defined as closure of macular holes and collapse of the foveoschisis) was achieved earlier in the study group (3.7 ± 3.2 months vs. 6.2 ± 3.0 months; P = 0.04). Conclusion: Posterior scleral reinforcement in association with vitrectomy, as compared with vitrectomy alone, was associated with a higher improvement in visual acuity in extremely myopic eyes with foveoschisis.
The Galactic gravitational wave foreground

I present an overview of the Galactic binaries that form the foreground for the ESA/NASA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The currently known population is discussed as well as current and near-future large-scale surveys that will find new systems. The astrophysics that can be done when the LISA data become available is presented, with particular attention to verification binaries, the overall Galactic populations, neutron star and black hole binaries and sources in globular clusters. I discuss the synergy with electro-magnetic observations and correct an error in the estimate of the number of LISA systems that can be found in the optical compared to Nelemans (2006a American Institute of Phys. Conf. Ser. vol 873) and conclude that at least several hundreds of systems should be detectable.
Our Lady of the Exile: Diasporic Religion at a Cuban Catholic Shrine in Miami, by Thomas A. Tweed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, 224 pp. $35.00

This is a study of Cuban-American popular Catholicism, focusing on the shrine of Our Lady of Charity in Miami, which is the sacred centre of the Cuban community in exile. Tweed uses historical and ethnographic methods to discover why the shrine attained so much importance and attracts so many visitors, and what it can tell us about larger issues of religion, identity, and place.
A framework for understanding shared substrates of airway protection

Deficits of airway protection can have deleterious effects to health and quality of life. Effective airway protection requires a continuum of behaviors including swallowing and cough. Swallowing prevents material from entering the airway and coughing ejects endogenous material from the airway. There is significant overlap between the control mechanisms for swallowing and cough. In this review we will present the existing literature to support a novel framework for understanding shared substrates of airway protection. This framework was originally adapted from Eccles' model of cough28 (2009) by Hegland, et al.42 (2012). It will serve to provide a basis from which to develop future studies and test specific hypotheses that advance our field and ultimately improve outcomes for people with airway protective deficits.
External Supervision in Social Work: Power, Space, Risk, and the Search for Safety

Abstract Over the past few decades there has been a trend to separate “clinical” or “professional” supervision of social workers from “line” supervision provided in social services. Professional or clinical supervision is often sourced externally through a private arrangement or contracted out by agencies to individual practitioners of supervision. A number of factors underpin the development of this external supervision including: the perceived imposition of managerial agendas on supervision; the problem of power dynamics within organisations; and a growing “risk” conceptualisation of practitioners’ wellbeing. A potential negative impact of this separation of supervision from the “field” of practice is that it privatises supervision in a manner that in itself poses risks. This exploratory paper examines the impact of discourses of risk and safety, space and place within social work supervision and draws links between these aspects. Some material drawn from a small qualitative study of the experiences of six expert supervisors in New Zealand illuminates these themes. A significant finding was that the dominance of compliance and surveillance activities within the public sector was linked to the pursuit of external supervision and that four dominant forms of supervision can be discerned in the current discourse.
Frequency of LRRK2 mutations in early- and late-onset Parkinson disease

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of leucine-rich repeat kinase gene (LRRK2) mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson disease (LOPD). Methods: We genotyped five previously reported LRRK2 mutations (G2019S, L1114L, I1122V, R1441C, and Y1699C) and 17 coding SNPs for haplotype analysis in 504 cases with PD and 314 controls enrolled in the Genetic Epidemiology of PD Study. Cases and controls were recruited without knowledge of family history of PD and cases were oversampled in the ≤50 age at onset (AAO) category. Results: The LRRK2 G2019S mutation was present in 28 cases with PD (5.6%) and two controls (0.6%) (χ2 = 13.25; p < 0.01; odds ratio 9.18, 95% CI: 2.17 to 38.8). The mutations L1114L, I1122V, R1441C, and Y1699C were not identified. The frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was 4.9% in 245 cases with AAO ≤50 years vs 6.2% in 259 cases with AAO >50 (p = 0.56). All cases with PD with the G2019S mutation shared the same disease-associated haplotype. The frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was higher in the subset of 181 cases reporting four Jewish grandparents (9.9%) than in other cases (3.1%) (p < 0.01). Age-specific penetrance to age 80 was 24% and was similar in Jewish and non-Jewish cases. Conclusions: The G2019S mutation is a risk factor in both early- and late-onset Parkinson disease and confirms the previous report of a greater frequency of the G2019S mutation in Jewish than in non-Jewish cases with Parkinson disease.
An activity‐based learning third‐level course on survey sampling

This paper describes a novel method for the delivery of an introductory module on survey sampling at a third‐level institution. As part of the module, students undertake a practical survey that is of interest not only to themselves but also to university administrators and other module coordinators. Unlike many data collection activities used in class, these data have intrinsic value. This module is shown to produce students with a high level of expertise in survey sampling. It also fosters in students wider generic capacities, such as information, communication and problem‐solving skills and teamwork and leadership skills that prepare them for further study and employment. The emphasis on activity‐based learning has led to increased student participation, improved examination results as well as enhanced student satisfaction with the module.
Analysis of type I restriction modification systems in the Neisseriaceae: genetic organization and properties of the gene products

The hsd locus (host specificity of DNA) was identified in the Neisseria gonorrhoeae genome. The DNA fragment encoding this locus produced an active restriction and modification (R/M) system when cloned into Escherichia coli. This R/M system was designated NgoAV. The cloned genomic fragment (7800 bp) has the potential to encode seven open reading frames (ORFs). Several of these ORFs had significant homology with other proteins found in the databases: ORF1, the hsdM, a methylase subunit (HsdM); ORF2, a homologue of dinD; ORF3, a homologue of hsdS; ORF4, a homologue of hsdS; and ORF5, an endonuclease subunit hsdR. The endonuclease and methylase subunits possessed strongest protein sequence homology to the EcoR124II R/M system, indicating that NgoAV belongs to the type IC R/M family. Deletion analysis showed that only ORF3 imparted the sequence specificity of the RM.NgoAV system, which recognizes an interrupted palindrome sequence (GCAN8TGC). The genetic structure of ORF3 (208 amino acids) is almost identical to the structure of the 5′ truncated hsdS genes of EcoDXXI or EcoR124II R/M systems obtained by in vitro manipulation. Genomic sequence analysis allowed us to identify hsd loci with a very high homology to RM.NgoAV in two strains of Neisseria meningitidis. However, significant differences in the organization and structure of the hsdS genes in both these systems suggests that, if functional, they would possess recognition sites that differ from the gonococcus and from themselves.
Les causes du non-recours et du quasi-non-recours à l'allocation parentale d'éducation : Quelles solutions pour limiter l'ampleur de ces phénomènes ?

Les causes du non-recours a une prestation sociale sont assez largement admises : manque d'information, complexite trop grande, stigmates ressentis par le beneficiaire et manque d'effets financiers incitatifs. Mais ces causes sont le plus souvent le resultat d'analyses portant sur des prestations octroyees sous condition de ressources. On s'interesse ici, au contraire, a une prestation allouee sans cette condition, mais qui presente une condition de comportement de la part des beneficiaires potentiels : l'allocation parentale d'education. S'interesser a cette prestation familiale conduit a definir le quasi-non-recours comme un nouveau type de non-recours. Dans cet article, l'objectif de l'analyse est de tester si les causes generalement admises sont pertinentes et si d'autres causes ne pourraient pas etre mises en avant. Des moyens relevant de politiques d'information pourraient etre mis en œuvre pour limiter l'ampleur de ces deux phenomenes.
Being ‘Spiritual’ and Being ‘Religious’ in Europe: Diverging Life Orientations

The present study shows that being ‘spiritual’ and being ‘religious’ are becoming different life orientations for a large part of the population. As far as we know, for the first time, a sample from an European country shows that these orientations are reflected in two coherent clusters of beliefs, experiences, and practices of what we call ‘new spirituality’ on the one hand and ‘traditional, church-related religion’ on the other hand. In addition, it appears that ‘only spiritual’ (and not ‘religious’) people and ‘only religious’ (and not ‘spiritual’) people have less ‘intensive’ spiritual/religious lives than people who describe themselves as ‘both spiritual and religious’. The ‘both’ category is not homogenous, probably as a result of the different associations which its members have of the conceptions of ‘spiritual’ and ‘religious’. The people in this category can be sub-divided in two sub-groups which show different profiles.
Suramin affects metalloproteinase‐9 activity and increases beta‐dystroglycan levels in the diaphragm of the dystrophin‐deficient mdx MOUSE

Introduction: In Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in the mdx mouse, muscle fiber degeneration and subsequent fibrosis lead to cardiorespiratory failure. Previously, we demonstrated that the anti‐fibrotic agent suramin was effective in decreasing fibrosis in mdx muscles. In this study, we were interested to see whether suramin could affect metalloproteinases (MMP) and improve the functional activity of the mdx diaphragm muscle. Methods: Zymography was performed to evaluate MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity. Western blotting was used to analyze the levels of beta‐dystroglycan. Muscle function was assessed in hemidiaphragm in vitro preparations. Results: We found that suramin affects metalloproteinase‐9 activity and increases beta‐dystroglycan. Furthermore, suramin also protects against diaphragm muscle fatigue over time. Conclusions: These results show the potential benefits of suramin in maintaining the structure of the dystrophin‐glycoprotein complex. Muscle Nerve, 46:810–813, 2012
Doppler measurement of cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cardiac output produced by external cardiac compression during standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by two groups of operators with different levels of experience and training. METHODS: Cardiac output was measured by Doppler aortovelography. All patients included in the study had necropsy examinations. Only patients without evidence of pulmonary embolism, myocardial rupture, aortic valve disease, or acute depletion of the intravascular volume were included. RESULTS: 31 patients presenting to the accident and emergency department suffering from non-traumatic cardiac arrest had cardiac output measurements made during resuscitation. Eleven patients were excluded after necropsy examination. The median cardiac index for the 20 study patients was 3.2 L min-1 m-2. The cardiac output produced by massage by less experienced personnel (median 1.2 L min-1 m-2) was significantly less than that produced by those fully trained in the technique (median 3.2 L min-1 m-2; P < 0.01 95% confidence interval -2.36 to -1.29). The amount of resuscitation related trauma was no greater than in other published series. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in cardiac output during external cardiac compression are related to experience with the technique.
Collective Action and Network Structure

I develop and analyze a mathematical model describing the relationship between individual contributions to a collective good and the network of social relations that makes these contributions interdependent. Starting from the assumption that actors respond to the contributions of others because of efficacy concerns and norms offairness, I derive predictions about the impact of network structure on total contributions. Network density and size influence collective action outcomes in dramatically different ways, depending on the structural position of those who make unconditional contributions. Moreover, these effects are highly nonlinear, suggesting that the impact of social ties on collective action may be quite sensitive to mobilization contexts.
Human vs. Algorithmic Recommendations in Big Data and the Role of Ambiguity

Based on big data, decisions can increasingly be drawn from data-driven analytics and algorithmic decision support. However, it remains unclear whether recommendations issued by computer algorithms are equally accepted by individuals as human advices. This is particularly intriguing given that big data entails various forms of ambiguous decision situations in which individuals cannot assess the underlying database or possible consequences. We conceptually introduce ambiguity in the light of big data and conduct an experiment to identify whether individuals prefer algorithmic to human recommendations and how outcome and data ambiguity affect individuals’ adoption behavior of algorithmic decision support. We find a preference for human recommendations, independently from the level of inherent ambiguity. However, areas that are more data-driven have a higher potential to overcome resistance to algorithmic decision support. Our results imply that developers of algorithmic decision support should provide high levels of transparency in areas which currently lack support.
Small School Classes, Small Problems?

In accordance with social group theory on primary and secondary groups (Parsons, 1951) and conflict theory (Coser, 1956), relations among class size, social support, harassment of others and emotional problems were explored in a sample of 1071 Norwegian 8th graders. Results showed stronger associations between perceived teacher support and peer relations, as well as between peer relations and emotional problems in small classes than in large classes. In contrast there was a tendency for stronger associations between peer relations and peer harassment in large classes than in small classes. Results indicated no difference between small and large classes in the actual prevalence of peer harassment and emotional problems, whereas students reported better teacher support in small classes.