Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel sparse flow-sensitive points-to analysis

This paper aims to contribute to further advances in pointer (or points-to) analysis algorithms along the combined dimen- sions of precision, scalability, and performance. For precision, we aim to support interprocedural ow-sensitive analysis. For scalability, we aim to show that our approach scales to large applications with reasonable memory requirements. For performance, we aim to design a points-to analysis algo- rithm that is amenable to parallel execution. The algorithm introduced in this paper achieves all these goals. As an ex- ample, our experimental results show that our algorithm can analyze the 2.2MLOC Tizen OS framework with < 16GB of memory while delivering an average analysis rate of > 10KLOC/second. Our points-to analysis algorithm, PSEGPT, is based on the Pointer Sparse Evaluation Graph (PSEG) form, a new analysis representation that combines both points-to and heap def-use information. PSEGPT is a scalable interprocedural flow-sensitive context-insensitive points-to analy- sis that is amenable to efficient task-parallel implementa- tions, even though points-to analysis is usually viewed as a challenge problem for parallelization. Our experimental results with 6 real-world applications on a 12-core machine show an average parallel speedup of 4.45× and maximum speedup of 7.35×. The evaluation also includes precision results by demonstrating that our algorithm identifies significantly more inlinable indirect calls (IICs) than SUPT and SS, two states of the art SSA-based points-to analyses implemented in LLVM.
Understanding Poverty: Teaching Social Justice in Undergraduate Nursing Education

Aim: This article presents results of an exploratory qualitative study examining gains in empathy and social justice beliefs among undergraduate nursing students. Background: As undergraduate nursing education provides the foundation for future forensic nurses, developing successful methods to increase beliefs and behaviors of social empathy and social justice among nursing students will have a beneficial effect on the specialty of forensic nursing. As such, a team of nursing researchers explored the effects of a poverty simulation on the social empathy and social justice beliefs held by undergraduate students. Method: The research team conducted an exploratory qualitative study of student reflective journals. Using an inductive interpretive process, the researchers performed a content analysis of student responses. Results: The researchers identified three constitutive patterns and eight supporting themes as reflected in the students' reflective journals after participation in poverty simulation sessions. Conclusion: This research study found that, when nursing students participate in poverty simulation experiences, they gain an increased understanding of the vulnerability and complexities of living in poverty and are motivated to both advocate for patients and become change agents. Application: Such increases in social empathy and promotion of social justice will inevitably positively affect their future practice and inform their development as forensic nurses.
Comparing Recalibration Strategies for Electroencephalography-Based Decoders of Movement Intention in Neurological Patients with Motor Disability

Motor rehabilitation based on the association of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and proprioceptive feedback has been demonstrated as a feasible therapy for patients with paralysis. To promote long-lasting motor recovery, these interventions have to be carried out across several weeks or even months. The success of these therapies partly relies on the performance of the system decoding movement intentions, which normally has to be recalibrated to deal with the nonstationarities of the cortical activity. Minimizing the recalibration times is important to reduce the setup preparation and maximize the effective therapy time. To date, a systematic analysis of the effect of recalibration strategies in EEG-driven interfaces for motor rehabilitation has not yet been performed. Data from patients with stroke (4 patients, 8 sessions) and spinal cord injury (SCI) (4 patients, 5 sessions) undergoing two different paradigms (self-paced and cue-guided, respectively) are used to study the performance of the EEG-based classification of motor intentions. Four calibration schemes are compared, considering different combinations of training datasets from previous and/or the validated session. The results show significant differences in classifier performances in terms of the true and false positives (TPs) and (FPs). Combining training data from previous sessions with data from the validation session provides the best compromise between the amount of data needed for calibration and the classifier performance. With this scheme, the average true (false) positive rates obtained are 85.3% (17.3%) and 72.9% (30.3%) for the self-paced and the cue-guided protocols, respectively. These results suggest that the use of optimal recalibration schemes for EEG-based classifiers of motor intentions leads to enhanced performances of these technologies, while not requiring long calibration phases prior to starting the intervention.
Ascidian follicle cells: Multifunctional adjuncts to maturation and development

Ascidians are primitive chordates, subphylum Tunicata, that are sessile filter‐feeding hermaphrodites as adults. Released oocytes are enclosed within a monolayer of follicle cells, a non‐cellular vitelline coat and a monolayer of test cells that cover the egg membrane. Follicle cell structure is distinctive in different groups. They originate from circulating hemoblasts with functional nuclei. They are necessary for germinal vesicle breakdown in several species and may secrete a meiosis‐inducing substance to the oocyte. In some families the follicle cells are necessary for fertilization. Although all ascidians are hermaphrodites, many are not capable of self fertilization. The follicle cells seem to be involved in self, non‐self discrimination. Attachment of sperm to egg involves a sperm surface glycosidase binding to an egg surface glycoside. The primary block to polyspermy involves a glycosidase released by the follicle cells. In one species with direct development, the follicle cells secrete a sticky substance that anchors the embryos in a wave‐swept rocky area; a brooding solitary ascidian with a tadpole larva uses a sticky substance secreted by follicle cells to attach the brood to the atrial chamber. Several species have floating eggs due to buoyancy of their follicle cells, a result of ammonia sequestration in at least one species. Many other marine invertebrates release eggs with attached follicle cells, and all vertebrates ovulate oocytes covered with follicle cells. Comparisons are discussed between these groups and ascidians.
Measurement of CP observables in B ± → D ( ∗ ) K ± and B ± → D ( ∗ ) π ± decays

Article history: Received 23 August 2017 Received in revised form 1 November 2017 Accepted 27 November 2017 Available online 5 December 2017 Editor: M. Doser Measurements of CP observables in B± → D(∗) K ± and B± → D(∗)π± decays are presented, where D(∗) indicates a neutral D or D∗ meson that is an admixture of D(∗)0 and D̄(∗)0 states. Decays of the D∗ meson to the Dπ0 and Dγ final states are partially reconstructed without inclusion of the neutral pion or photon, resulting in distinctive shapes in the B candidate invariant mass distribution. Decays of the D meson are fully reconstructed in the K ±π∓, K + K − and π+π− final states. The analysis uses a sample of charged B mesons produced in pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0, 1.0 and 2.0 fb−1 taken at centre-of-mass energies of √ s = 7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The study of B± → D∗ K ± and B± → D∗π± decays using a partial reconstruction method is the first of its kind, while the measurement of B± → D K ± and B± → Dπ± decays is an update of previous LHCb measurements. The B± → D K ± results are the most precise to date. © 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.
Reduced claw vacuum and b-phase during low milk flow does not impact oxytocin release and milking performance

Oxytocin release, milking characteristics, and teat condition were investigated with reduced claw vacuum and pulsation settings compared to milking at regular settings with or without pre-stimulation. The reduced vacuum and pulsation settings during low milk flow are expected to protect the teat tissue before the occurrence of milk ejection at the start of milking, and at the end of milking during a potential overmilking period, i.e. at a milk flow <200 g/min. Seven cows were machine-milked either after a 60 s manual pre-stimulation, or without pre-stimulation and reduced vacuum and pulsation settings, or at full vacuum and normal pulsation during the start of milking. Plasma oxytocin (OT) concentration increased similarly in response to manual pre-stimulation and to both milking with reduced, or with full vacuum and pulsation settings, however delayed by 1 min if the cluster was attached without pre-stimulation. In all treatments OT concentrations remained elevated throughout milking. Milk flow curves were mostly non-bimodal at milkings after manual pre-stimulation and bimodal at milkings without pre-stimulation. The main milking time was shorter and average milk flow was higher during milking after pre-stimulation, but did not differ between treatments without pre-stimulation. Milk yields and peak flow rates were not affected by treatments. Either reduced or full vacuum settings were again applied during an intended overmilking from 200 to 100 g/min of milk flow towards the end of milk harvest. Pre-milking teat ultrasound cross sections were recorded one day before the experiment started. Post-milking ultrasound cross sections were performed at 15 min after each experimental milking. Teat wall thickness was increased after milking as compared to pre-milking but did not differ among treatments. In conclusion, OT release and milking performance are similar if milking is performed with pre-stimulation, or without pre-stimulation but reduced claw vacuum and b-phase during low milk flow.
DRD2 promoter methylation and measures of alcohol reward: functional activation of reward circuits and clinical severity

Studies have identified strong associations between D2 receptor binding potential and neural responses to rewarding stimuli and substance use. Thus, D2 receptor perturbations are central to theoretical models of the pathophysiology of substance dependence, and epigenetic changes may represent one of the fundamental molecular mechanisms impacting the effects of alcohol exposure on the brain. We hypothesized that epigenetic alterations in the promoter region of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene would be associated with cue‐elicited activation of neural reward regions, as well as severity of alcohol use behavior. The current study leveraged functional neuroimaging (fMRI) during an alcohol reward paradigm (n = 383) to test associations among DRD2 promoter methylation in peripheral tissue, signal change in the striatum during the presentation of alcohol cues, and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Controlling for age, DRD2 promoter methylation was positively associated with responses to alcohol cues in the right accumbens (partial r = 0.144, P = 0.005), left putamen (partial r = 0.133, P = 0.009), right putamen (partial r = 0.106, P = 0.039), left caudate (partial r = 0.117, P = 0.022), and right caudate (partial r = 0.133, P = 0.009), suggesting that DRD2 methylation was positively associated with robust activation in the striatum in response to reward cues. DRD2 methylation was also positively associated with clinical metrics of AUD severity. Specifically, controlling for age, DRD2 methylation was associated with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test total (partial r = 0.140, P = 0.002); Impaired Control Scale total (partial r = 0.097, P = 0.044) and Alcohol Dependence Scale total (partial r = 0.152, P = 0.001). Thus, DRD2 methylation may be a critical mechanism linking D2 receptors with functional striatal brain changes and clinical severity among alcohol users.
Which News Moves Stock Prices? A Textual Analysis

A basic tenet of financial economics is that asset prices change in response to unexpected fundamental information. Since Roll's (1988) provocative presidential address that showed little relation between stock prices and news, however, the finance literature has had limited success reversing this finding. This paper revisits this topic in a novel way. Using advancements in the area of textual analysis, we are better able to identify relevant news, both by type and by tone. Once news is correctly identified in this manner, there is considerably more evidence of a strong relationship between stock price changes and information. For example, market model R-squareds are no longer the same on news versus no news days (i.e., Roll's (1988) infamous result), but now are 16% versus 33%; variance ratios of returns on identified news versus no news days are 120% higher versus only 20% for unidentified news versus no news; and, conditional on extreme moves, stock price reversals occur on no news days, while identified news days show an opposite effect, namely a strong degree of continuation. A number of these results are strengthened further when the tone of the news is taken into account by measuring the positive/negative sentiment of the news story.
Protein-losing Gastroenteropathy Related to Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: A Case Report of a Successful Outcome and Literature Review

We herein report the case of a 44-year-old woman who developed protein-losing gastroenteropathy (PLGE) with hypoalbuminemia as the first manifestation of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Albumin leakage from the stomach and intestinal tract was demonstrated by 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin scintigraphy. The patient's response to prednisolone therapy was insufficient; therefore, additional cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment was administered, and clinical remission was achieved. We concluded that although PLGE is a rare complication of MCTD, it may manifest as an initial clinical episode of MCTD. Furthermore, CsA can be a useful treatment option for refractory PLGE related to MCTD.
MET overexpression, gene amplification and relevant clinicopathological features in gastric adenocarcinoma

This study was conducted to investigate the expression of MET in Chinese gastric adenocarcinoma cohort, the correlation between MET overexpression and clinical pathological features, HER2 expression and MET gene amplification. A total of 816 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were included and MET and HER2 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed. IHC and dual-color silver in situ hybridization analysis were performed in the tissue microarrays, constructed from the 240 patients who were randomly selected. MET overexpression (IHC 3+) was observed in 6.0% (49/816) of the cohort. MET overexpression rate was higher in patients with poor prognostic factors, such as clinical stages III/IV (p =0.012) and pathologic stages T3/T4 (p =0.027). The HER2 overexpression (IHC 3+) rate was 8.8% (72/816) and MET overexpression rate was higher in HER2 positive patients (9.7%, 7/72). A high concordance rate (94.6%) between MET overexpression and gene amplification was demonstrated. Therefore, MET overexpression could serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Optimal Caching and Routing in Hybrid Networks

Hybrid networks consisting of MANET nodes and cellular infrastructure have been recently proposed to improve the performance of military networks. Prior work has demonstrated the benefits of in-network content caching in a wired, Internet context. We investigate the problem of developing optimal routing and caching policies in a hybrid network supporting in-network caching with the goal of minimizing overall content-access delay. Here, needed content may always be accessed at a back-end server via the cellular infrastructure, alternatively, content may also be accessed via cache-equipped "cluster" nodes within the MANET. To access content, MANET nodes must thus decide whether to route to in-MANET cluster nodes or to back-end servers via the cellular infrastructure, the in-MANET cluster nodes must additionally decide which content to cache. We model the cellular path as either i) a congestion-insensitive fixed-delay path or ii) a congestion-sensitive path modeled as an M/M/1 queue. We demonstrate that under the assumption of stationary, independent requests, it is optimal to adopt static caching (i.e., To keep a cache's content fixed over time) based on content popularity. We also show that it is optimal to route to in-MANET caches for content cached there, but to route requests for remaining content via the cellular infrastructure for the congestion-insensitive case and to split traffic between the in-MANET caches and cellular infrastructure for the congestion sensitive case. We develop a simple distributed algorithm for the joint routing/caching problem and demonstrate its efficacy via simulation.
Noise-Induced Dysregulation of Quaking RNA Binding Proteins Contributes to Auditory Nerve Demyelination and Hearing Loss

Noise exposure causes auditory nerve (AN) degeneration and hearing deficiency, though the proximal biological consequences are not entirely understood. Most AN fibers and spiral ganglion neurons are ensheathed by myelinating glia that provide insulation and ensure rapid transmission of nerve impulses from the cochlea to the brain. Here we show that noise exposure administered to mice of either sex rapidly affects myelinating glial cells, causing molecular and cellular consequences that precede nerve degeneration. This response is characterized by demyelination, inflammation, and widespread expression changes in myelin-related genes, including the RNA splicing regulator Quaking (QKI) and numerous QKI target genes. Analysis of mice deficient in QKI revealed that QKI production in cochlear glial cells is essential for proper myelination of spiral ganglion neurons and AN fibers, and for normal hearing. Our findings implicate QKI dysregulation as a critical early component in the noise response, influencing cochlear glia function that leads to AN demyelination and, ultimately, to hearing deficiency. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Auditory glia cells ensheath a majority of spiral ganglion neurons with myelin, protect auditory neurons, and allow for fast conduction of electrical impulses along the auditory nerve. Here we show that noise exposure causes glial dysfunction leading to myelin abnormality and altered expression of numerous genes in the auditory nerve, including QKI, a gene implicated in regulating myelination. Study of a conditional mouse model that specifically depleted QKI in glia showed that QKI deficiency alone was sufficient to elicit myelin-related abnormality and auditory functional declines. These results establish QKI as a key molecular target in the noise response and a causative agent in hearing loss.
Development and Internal Validation of a Model Using Fecal Calprotectin in Combination with Infliximab Trough Levels to Predict Clinical Relapse in Crohn's Disease

Background: The best noninvasive method predicting clinical relapse remains undetermined in infliximab (IFX)-treated patients with Crohn's disease. Methods: All patients with CD on IFX maintenance treatment and in clinical remission for at least 16 weeks, between 2011 and 2014, were enrolled in a prospective single-center study. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein levels, antibodies (ATI), and trough level (TLI) of IFX were measured at every IFX infusion. The best thresholds of TLI (2 versus 3 &mgr;g/mL) and calprotectin (50 versus 250 &mgr;g/g stools) were identified across four logistic regression models. Results: One hundred nineteen patients (mean age: 34 ± 12 yrs, mean disease duration: 7.8 yrs) were included. Mean follow-up was 20.4 months, and 17% of the patients were on IFX and azathioprine at inclusion. During follow-up, 37 patients (31.1%) relapsed, 78% within the first 6 months. The clinical characteristics of the relapsed and nonrelapsed patients were similar. After logistic regression, fecal calprotectin >250 &mgr;g/g stools (OR: 4.09; 95% CI, 1.01–16.21; P = 0.049) and TLI <2 &mgr;g/mL (OR: 14.85; 95% CI, 3.67–60; P < 0.0001) were associated with loss of response. A training cohort of 55 patients was isolated randomly to implement prediction rules for loss of response. The best predictive rules were the combination of a TLI <2 &mgr;g/mL and a fecal calprotectin level >250 &mgr;g/g stools (78.3%). These rules were validated on a test cohort of 64 patients with an accuracy of 87%, (sensitivity = 0.94, specificity = 0.84, positive predictive value = 0.73, and negative predictive value = 0.97). Conclusions: In IFX-treated patients with CD in clinical remission, a combination of TLI (<2 &mgr;g/mL) and fecal calprotectin (>250 &mgr;g/g of stools) is a good model for predicting loss of response. In contrast with previous data, low TLIs ranging from 2 to 3 &mgr;g/mL should neither systematically lead to the optimization of IFX use nor a switch in the treatment.
ParallaxBA: bundle adjustment using parallax angle feature parametrization

The main contribution of this paper is a novel feature parametrization based on parallax angles for bundle adjustment (BA) in structure and motion estimation from monocular images. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions, describing feature locations using their Euclidean XYZ coordinates or using inverse depth in BA leads to ill-conditioned normal equations as well as objective functions that have very small gradients with respect to some of the parameters describing feature locations. The proposed parallax angle feature parametrization in BA (ParallaxBA) avoids both of the above problems leading to better convergence properties and more accurate motion and structure estimates. Simulation and experimental datasets are used to demonstrate the impact of different feature parametrizations on BA, and the improved convergence, efficiency and accuracy of the proposed ParallaxBA algorithm when compared with some existing BA packages such as SBA, sSBA and g2o. The C/C++ source code of ParallaxBA is available on OpenSLAM (https://openslam.org/).