Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proportional-resonant controllers and filters for grid-connected voltage-source converters

The recently introduced proportional-resonant (PR) controllers and filters, and their suitability for current/voltage control of grid-connected converters, are described. Using the PR controllers, the converter reference tracking performance can be enhanced and previously known shortcomings associated with conventional PI controllers can be alleviated. These shortcomings include steady-state errors in single-phase systems and the need for synchronous d-q transformation in three-phase systems. Based on similar control theory, PR filters can also be used for generating the harmonic command reference precisely in an active power filter, especially for single-phase systems, where d-q transformation theory is not directly applicable. Another advantage associated with the PR controllers and filters is the possibility of implementing selective harmonic compensation without requiring excessive computational resources. Given these advantages and the belief that PR control will find wide-ranging applications in grid-interfaced converters, PR control theory is revised in detail with a number of practical cases that have been implemented previously, described clearly to give a comprehensive reference on PR control and filtering.
Separable Determinants of Subcellular Localization and Interaction Account for the Inability of Group O HIV-1 Vpu To Counteract Tetherin

ABSTRACT Tetherin (BST-2/CD317) is thought to restrict retroviral particle release by cross-linking nascent viral and cellular membranes. Unlike the Vpu proteins encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M strains (M-Vpu), those from the nonpandemic HIV-1 group O (O-Vpu) are not able to counteract tetherin activity. Here, we characterized the basis of this defect in O-Vpu. O-Vpu differs from M-Vpu in that it fails to interact with tetherin and downregulate it from the cell surface. Unlike M-Vpu, O-Vpu localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rather than the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Interestingly M-Vpu bearing an ER retention signal at the C terminus localizes similarly to O-Vpu. While it still interacts with tetherin, it fails to promote virus release, suggesting that O-Vpu deficiency correlates with its cellular distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as its failure to bind tetherin. O-Vpu-M-Vpu chimeras were designed to identify the minimal changes required to restore tetherin antagonism. While several chimeric proteins bearing residues of the M-Vpu transmembrane domain into the O-Vpu transmembrane domain recovered tetherin binding in coimmunoprecipitation studies, efficient antagonism required an additional glutamic acid-to-lysine change in the membrane-proximal hinge region of the O-Vpu cytoplasmic tail that was sufficient to abolish ER retention and permit TGN localization.
Reasoning in depression: Impairment on a concept discrimination learning task

Abstract This study compared depressed and nondepressed undergraduates identified by the Beck Depression Inventory on concept discrimination learning problems. In two experiments, both groups generally performed at ceiling when solving simpler 1- and 2-dimensional problems, but the depressed subjects showed significant impairment on 4-dimensional problems. The first experiment investigated the role of storage in task performance. The second experiment was designed to focus attention at critical stages, and also manipulated storage demands. The depressed subjects in each experiment solved fewer problems correctly and made significantly more errors when listing hypotheses; there was little evidence that the experimental manipulations differentially facilitated their performance. The findings are considered in relation to current models of cognitive function in depression.
Perceived Susceptibility to Addiction among Adolescent Smokers

Previous research demonstrates that adolescent smokers are aware of smoking’s health consequences yet perceive they are less susceptible to harm than other smokers, thereby exhibiting an optimistic bias. The present study extends such research to consider whether optimistic bias is present in relation to the addictive consequences of smoking. To explore this, 416 adolescents responded to a questionnaire about the consequences of smoking. As predicted, there was a significant association between regular, experimental, and non-smokers’ perceptions about their personal susceptibility to addiction. Regular smokers showed the greatest bias about their ability to quit smoking. Implications for prevention campaigns are discussed.
Reduction in Membrane Phosphatidylglycerol Content Leads to Daptomycin Resistance in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT Daptomycin (DAP) is a cyclic lipopeptide that disrupts the functional integrity of the cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Here we present genetic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses of an evolved DAP-resistant isolate, DapR1, from the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168. DapR1 was obtained by serial passages with increasing DAP concentrations, is 30-fold more resistant than the parent strain, and displays cross-resistance to vancomycin, moenomycin, and bacitracin. DapR1 is characterized by aberrant septum placement, notably thickened peptidoglycan at the cell poles, and pleiotropic alterations at both the transcriptome and proteome levels. Genome sequencing of DapR1 revealed 44 point mutations, 31 of which change protein sequences. An intermediate isolate that was 20-fold more resistant to DAP than the wild type had only three of these point mutations: mutations affecting the cell shape modulator gene mreB, the stringent response gene relA, and the phosphatidylglycerol synthase gene pgsA. Genetic reconstruction studies indicated that the pgsA(A64V) allele is primarily responsible for DAP resistance. Allelic replacement with wild-type pgsA restored DAP sensitivity to wild-type levels. The additional point mutations in the evolved strain may contribute further to DAP resistance, serve to compensate for the deleterious effects of altered membrane composition, or represent neutral changes. These results suggest a resistance mechanism by which reduced levels of phosphatidylglycerol decrease the net negative charge of the membrane, thereby weakening interaction with the positively charged Ca2+-DAP complex.
The Pragmatic Functions of the Recitation of Qur'anic Verses by Muslims in their Oral Genre: The Case of Insha'Allah, 'God's Willing'

In this study, I set out to investigate the motivations and reasons which induce Muslims to invoke the recitation of Qur’anic verses in their ordinary discourse. Based on the analysis of the data complied, Muslims seem inclined to recite Qur’anic verses for a host of pragmatic functions. These pragmatic functions range from mitigating one’s commitment for carrying out a future action or failing to honor one’s commitment, to avoiding the effects and adverse consequences of one’s actions on others. In addition, the recitation appears to function as a confirmation of the participants’ religious, cultural, and linguistic identities. Furthermore, the findings of this study underlie the multifaceted functions that Muslims attach to and associate with use of Qur’anic verses. Muslims can exonerate themselves from the responsibilities of rejecting directives or turning down offers or avoiding staking the self-image of their recipient particularly when their actions are face-threatening or have undesirable consequences on their recipients. Moreover, the findings of this study reveal that Muslims are inclined to use Qur’anic verses as a rhetorical strategy of indirect persuasion to lend credibility to the claims they wish their prospective audiences to act upon them.
Dispersion of Mobile Robots: A Study of Memory-Time Trade-offs

We introduce a new problem in the domain of mobile robots, which we term dispersion. In this problem, n robots are placed in an n node graph arbitrarily and must coordinate with each other to reach a final configuration such that exactly one robot is at each node. We study this problem through the lenses of minimizing the memory required by each robot and of minimizing the number of rounds required to achieve dispersion. Dispersion is of interest due to its relationship to the problems of scattering on a graph, exploration using mobile robots, and load balancing on a graph. Additionally, dispersion has an immediate real world application due to its relationship to the problem of recharging electric cars, as each car can be considered a robot and recharging stations and the roads connecting them nodes and edges of a graph respectively. Since recharging is a costly affair relative to traveling, we want to distribute these cars amongst the various available recharge points where communication should be limited to car-to-car interactions. We provide lower bounds on both the memory required for robots to achieve dispersion and the minimum running time to achieve dispersion on any type of graph. We then analyze the trade-offs between time and memory for various types of graphs. We provide time optimal and memory optimal algorithms for several types of graphs and show the power of a little memory in terms of running time.
Comparison of Treatment of Acute Unstable Distal Clavicle Fractures Using Anatomical Locking Plates with Versus without Additional Suture Anchor Fixation

Background Surgical managements were recommended for unstable distal clavicle fracture owing to the high incidence of nonunion. The present study compared the efficacy of anatomical locking plate with versus without additional suture anchor fixation for the treatment of unstable Neer type II distal clavicle fractures. Material/Methods Between January 2013 to January 2015, 28 consecutive patients with unstable Neer type II fractures were treated by using anatomical locking plate with or without additional suture anchor fixation. The patients were divided into anatomical locking plate group (group A) and anatomical locking plate combined with suture anchor group (group B) according to the surgical method. The operative-related parameters such as operation time, blood loss, length of hospitalization, union time, functional outcomes (Constant score, UCLA score and DASH score) and CC distance were compared. Results The mean follow-up period of the 28 patients was 19.60 months (21.80 versus 18.39 months, respectively). No statistical differences in general and peri-operative parameters were found between 2 groups. The group B had significant higher Constant score than group A (P=0.004, 91.67 versus 83.10). While no statistical differences were reached in the UCLA score and DASH score between 2 groups (P=0.112 and 0.163, respectively). The group A had longer CC distance than group B (11.67 versus 8.94 mm), while no statistic difference was found (P=0.067). Conclusions For the treatment of acute unstable Neer type II distal clavicle fractures, both surgical methods could offer satisfactory outcome. However, anatomical locking plate combined with additional suture anchor fixation had a better functional and radiographic outcome than that without additional suture anchor fixation.
Modified local discriminant bases algorithm and its application in analysis of human knee joint vibration signals

Knee joint disorders are common in the elderly population, athletes, and outdoor sports enthusiasts. These disorders are often painful and incapacitating. Vibration signals [vibroarthrographic (VAG)] are emitted at the knee joint during the swinging movement of the knee. These VAG signals contain information that can be used to characterize certain pathological aspects of the knee joint. In this paper, we present a noninvasive method for screening knee joint disorders using the VAG signals. The proposed approach uses wavelet packet decompositions and a modified local discriminant bases algorithm to analyze the VAG signals and to identify the highly discriminatory basis functions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of using a combination of multiple dissimilarity measures to arrive at the optimal set of discriminatory basis functions, thereby maximizing the classification accuracy. A database of 89 VAG signals containing 51 normal and 38 abnormal samples were used in this study. The features extracted from the coefficients of the selected basis functions were analyzed and classified using a linear-discriminant-analysis-based classifier. A classification accuracy as high as 80% was achieved using this true nonstationary signal analysis approach.
Computer Simulation of Cellular Patterning Within the Drosophila Pupal Eye

We present a computer simulation and associated experimental validation of assembly of glial-like support cells into the interweaving hexagonal lattice that spans the Drosophila pupal eye. This process of cell movements organizes the ommatidial array into a functional pattern. Unlike earlier simulations that focused on the arrangements of cells within individual ommatidia, here we examine the local movements that lead to large-scale organization of the emerging eye field. Simulations based on our experimental observations of cell adhesion, cell death, and cell movement successfully patterned a tracing of an emerging wild-type pupal eye. Surprisingly, altering cell adhesion had only a mild effect on patterning, contradicting our previous hypothesis that the patterning was primarily the result of preferential adhesion between IRM-class surface proteins. Instead, our simulations highlighted the importance of programmed cell death (PCD) as well as a previously unappreciated variable: the expansion of cells' apical surface areas, which promoted rearrangement of neighboring cells. We tested this prediction experimentally by preventing expansion in the apical area of individual cells: patterning was disrupted in a manner predicted by our simulations. Our work demonstrates the value of combining computer simulation with in vivo experiments to uncover novel mechanisms that are perpetuated throughout the eye field. It also demonstrates the utility of the Glazier–Graner–Hogeweg model (GGH) for modeling the links between local cellular interactions and emergent properties of developing epithelia as well as predicting unanticipated results in vivo.
Moving From Behavioral to Ecobehavioral Consultation: What's in a Name?

The time has come for us to shift the dominant paradigm for schoolbased consultation from a behavioral to an ecobehavioral perspective. Although a thorough examination of this issue is precluded by the space limitations of this article, there is sufficient room to initiate the discussion and suggest that we begin a process of transition by adopting this new mind-set to describe and guide our consultation behaviors. Rather than precipitating a radical break with current practice, an ecobehavioral world view should help direct us toward evolutionary changes that move the field forward without having to sacrifice the wisdom gleaned thus far from our collective past.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: stellar population gradients as a function of galaxy environment

We study the internal radial gradients of stellar population properties within 1.5 Re and analyse the impact of galaxy environment. We use a representative sample of 721 galaxies with masses ranging between 109 M⊙ and 1011.5 M⊙ from the SDSS-IV survey MaNGA. We split this sample by morphology into early-type and late-type galaxies. Using the full spectral fitting code firefly, we derive the light and mass-weighted stellar population properties, age and metallicity, and calculate the gradients of these properties. We use three independent methods to quantify galaxy environment, namely the Nth nearest neighbour, the tidal strength parameter Q and distinguish between central and satellite galaxies. In our analysis, we find that early-type galaxies generally exhibit shallow light-weighted age gradients in agreement with the literature and mass-weighted median age gradients tend to be slightly positive. Late-type galaxies, instead, have negative light-weighted age gradients. We detect negative metallicity gradients in both early- and late-type galaxies that correlate with galaxy mass, with the gradients being steeper and the correlation with mass being stronger in late-types. We find, however, that stellar population gradients, for both morphological classifications, have no significant correlation with galaxy environment for all three characterizations of environment. Our results suggest that galaxy mass is the main driver of stellar population gradients in both early and late-type galaxies, and any environmental dependence, if present at all, must be very subtle.
Vegetable Oil: Nutritional and Industrial Perspective

Oils of plant origin have been predominantly used for food-based applications. Plant oils not only represent a non-polluting renewable resource but also provide a wide diversity in fatty acids (FAs) composition with diverse applications. Besides being edible, they are now increasingly being used in industrial applications such as paints, lubricants, soaps, biofuels etc. In addition, plants can be engineered to produce fatty acids which are nutritionally beneficial to human health. Thus these oils have potential to 1) substitute ever increasing demand of non –renewable petroleum sources for industrial application and 2) also spare the marine life by providing an alternative source to nutritionally and medically important long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids or ‘Fish oil’. The biochemical pathways producing storage oils in plants have been extensively characterized, but the factors regulating fatty acid synthesis and controlling total oil content in oilseed crops are still poorly understood. Thus understanding of plant lipid metabolism is fundamental to its manipulation and increased production. This review on oils discusses fatty acids of nutritional and industrial importance, and approaches for achieving future designer vegetable oil for both edible and non-edible uses. The review will discuss the success and bottlenecks in efficient production of novel FAs in non-native plants using genetic engineering as a tool.
Indymedia Journalism

In this article we describe the factors behind the Indymedia news model and analyse how these can be understood as being different from or similar to the production of content in corporate news media organizations. Using a series of in-depth interviews with Indymedia activists in and from different countries, we compare and analyse our findings with the help of theories of journalism, public or civic journalism, open source journalism and the concept of open publishing online. Our main question is whether mainstream corporate news media may be able to incorporate the principles and ideas of the online alternative media model Indymedia stands for. The answer to this question seems to be: `no'. Even though we see that Indymedia editorial teams often face the same problems as the ones faced by corporate news media, the ways of solving such problems by Indymedia activists are based on a radically different interpretation of journalistic ideology.
Effects of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training on autonomic regulation in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Although cardiovascular rehabilitation and exercise training have substantial benefits in various ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk factors and subsequent prognosis after major IHD events, there is a paucity of information about its effects on autonomic regulation (such as heart rate variability [HRV] and baroreflex gain), particularly considering its arterial and cardiopulmonary components. METHODS We studied 40 patients (aged 60 +/- 6 y) after major IHD events, including 29 who underwent a comprehensive phase II cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training program and 11 controls who did not attend cardiac rehabilitation. Specifically, we determined whether active training improves prognostic indices of autonomic regulation of the SA node and whether changes in baroreflex gain could be ascribed to the arterial or to the cardiopulmonary component of the overall arterial pressure/heart period baroreflex. RESULTS Only patients with IHD undergoing active rehabilitation demonstrated a significant increase in R-R interval, in its variance, in overall gain of arterial pressure/heart period baroreflex (7.44 +/- 1.20 ms/mm Hg to 12.12 +/- 1.48 ms/mm Hg, P <.001) and in peak oxygen consumption (Delta = 2.45 mL/kg/min, P <.001). Separate examination of the selective arterial and cardiopulmonary components showed that only the latter increased significantly (6.17 +/- 1.09 ms/mm Hg to 10.62 +/- 1.56 ms/mm Hg; P <.01). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with significant improvements in autonomic markers of neural regulation of the SA node, such as increases in R-R variance and the gain of the overall spontaneous baroreflex, with specific improvements in the cardiopulmonary component as opposed to the arterial baroreflex component of this system. These improvements may further explain the reduction in morbidity and mortality noted after formal cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs.
Factors affecting the seroconversion rate of 12-month-old babies after the first injection of measles vaccine in the southeast of Iran

ABSTRACT Within the past few years, several measles outbreaks have occurred in the southeast of Iran. To learn about the effectiveness of the immunization services for producing a serologic response against measles, this follow-up study was designed and implemented in the southeast of Iran. In Iran, all routine immunization services provided by the public sector are free of charge. The follow-up study was designed and implemented in 5 Urban Health Centers located in 3 districts of Sistan-va-BaluchestanProvince, Iran. In the pre-vaccination phase, 270 12-month-old babies were blood sampled; and in the post-vaccination phase, 4 to 7 weeks after Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccination, 236 of them were blood sampled (34 dropouts), and their sera were tested for IgG anti-measles antibodies, using indirect ELISA, in the National Reference Measles Laboratory. Out of the 236 participants, who had been blood sampled in the post-vaccination phase, 10 (3.7%) were excluded from the calculations of seroconversion rate, because they had protective levels of antibody before the vaccination. The seroconversion rate for the remaining 226 participants was 91.2% (95% confidence interval: 86.7 to 94.5). Among the variables studied, stunting (height-for-age z-score < −2) showed a strong relationship with the remaining seronegative after the vaccination (odds ratio = 5.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.7–18.2). The chance of seroconversion was inversely related to the mothers' levels of education (up to 9 y of education vs. above nine years) (odds ratio = 0.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.4). In the study population, the seroconversion rates for anti-measles antibodies after MMR vaccination are acceptable, even though in order to achieve the elimination goal, higher standards need to be achieved.
Empowerment and rewards: a case study

Focusses on the implications of empowerment for rewards and the way in which reward systems can support empowerment. Finds some support for this idea and works out the relation between empowerment and rewards somewhat further, while also observing some limitations. Describes two additional pay systems which proved useful in supporting empowerment ‐ one which focussed on the potential of the individual worker and could reward his/her multifunctionality; and another which could be directed to the performance of the team.