Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frame-Recurrent Video Inpainting by Robust Optical Flow Inference

In this paper, we present a new inpainting framework for recovering missing regions of video frames. Compared with image inpainting, performing this task on video presents new challenges such as how to preserving temporal consistency and spatial details, as well as how to handle arbitrary input video size and length fast and efficiently. Towards this end, we propose a novel deep learning architecture which incorporates ConvLSTM and optical flow for modeling the spatial-temporal consistency in videos. It also saves much computational resource such that our method can handle videos with larger frame size and arbitrary length streamingly in real-time. Furthermore, to generate an accurate optical flow from corrupted frames, we propose a robust flow generation module, where two sources of flows are fed and a flow blending network is trained to fuse them. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our method in various scenarios and different datasets, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The experimental results demonstrate the superior of our method compared with the state-of-the-art inpainting approaches.
Defensive Marketing Strategies

Анализируется ситуация появления на рынке нового конкурентного продукта. Рассматриваются необходимые действия фирмы по защите своих интересов: изменение маркетинговых (рекламных) расходов и цен на свои продукты. Цель статьи – дать менеджерам практически выполнимые рекоммендации относительно оборонительной стратегии фирмы.
Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis and Heavy Element Production from Inhomogeneous Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Recent observations have revealed that small-scale structure exists at high redshift. We study the possibility of the formation of such structure during baryogenesis and big bang nucleosynthesis. It is known that under certain conditions, high density baryonic bubbles are created in the Affleck-Dine model of baryogenesis, and these bubbles may occupy a relatively small fraction of space, while the dominant part of the cosmological volume is characterized by the normal observed baryon-to-photon ratio, η = 6.10 -10 . The value of η in the bubbles could be much larger than the usually accepted value (indeed, even close to unity) and still be consistent with the existing data on light element abundances and the observed angular spectrum of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). We find upper bounds on η by comparing the abundances of heavy elements produced in big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and those of metal poor stars. We conclude that η should be smaller than 10 -5 in some metal poor star regions.
On pure complex spectrum for truncations of random orthogonal matrices and Kac polynomials

Let $O(2n+\ell)$ be the group of orthogonal matrices of size $\left(2n+\ell\right)\times \left(2n+\ell\right)$ equipped with the probability distribution given by normalized Haar measure. We study the probability \begin{equation*} p_{2n}^{\left(\ell\right)} = \mathbb{P}\left[M_{2n} \, \mbox{has no real eigenvalues}\right], \end{equation*} where $M_{2n}$ is the $2n\times 2n$ left top minor of a $(2n+\ell)\times(2n+\ell)$ orthogonal matrix. We prove that this probability is given in terms of a determinant identity minus a weighted Hankel matrix of size $n\times n$ that depends on the truncation parameter $\ell$. For $\ell=1$ the matrix coincides with the Hilbert matrix and we prove \begin{equation*} p_{2n}^{\left(1\right)} \sim n^{-3/8}, \mbox{ when }n \to \infty. \end{equation*} We also discuss connections of the above to the persistence probability for random Kac polynomials.
Collective, glitch-like vortex motion in a neutron star with an annular pinning barrier

Neutron star glitches are commonly believed to occur, when angular momentum is transferred suddenly from the star's interior to the crust by the collective unpinning and repinning of large numbers of superfluid vortices. In general, the pinning potential associated with nuclei in the crustal lattice varies as a function of radius. We explore vortex dynamics under these conditions by solving the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a rotating, harmonic trap with an axisymmetric `moat' of deeper pinning sites on an otherwise uniform, corotating pinning grid. The moat is designed to resemble crudely a radially dependent pinning profile in a neutron star crust, although the values of the pinning potential are not astrophysically realistic due to computational constraints. It is shown that vortices accumulate in the moat, inducing large differential rotation which can trigger mass unpinning events. It is also shown that the system self-adjusts, such that the net vortex flux out of the system is the same with and without a moat, as the trap spins down, but glitches are less frequent and larger when the moat is present. The results, generated for an idealized system, represent a first step towards including stratified pinning in quantum mechanical models of neutron star glitches.
Localized Gene-Specific Induction of Accessibility to V(D)j Recombination Induced by E2a and Early B Cell Factor in Nonlymphoid Cells

Accessibility of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene segments to V(D)J recombination is highly regulated and is normally only achieved in B cell precursors. We previously showed that ectopic expression of E2A or early B cell factor (EBF) with recombination activating gene (RAG) induces rearrangement of IgH and IgL genes in nonlymphoid cells. VκI genes throughout the locus were induced to rearrange after transfection with E2A, suggesting that the entire Vκ locus was accessible. However, here we show that Ig loci are not opened globally but that recombination is localized. Gene families are interspersed in the DH, Vκ, and Vλ loci, and we show that certain families and individual genes undergo high levels of recombination after ectopic expression of E2A or EBF, while other families within the same locus are not induced to rearrange. Furthermore, in some families, induction of germline transcription correlates with the level of induced recombination, while in others there is no correlation, suggesting that recombination is not simply initiated by induction of germline transcription. The induced repertoire seen at 24 hours does not change significantly over time indicating the absence of many secondary rearrangements and also suggesting a direct targeting mechanism. We propose that accessibility occurs in a local manner, and that binding sites for factors facilitating accessibility are therefore likely to be associated with individual gene segments.
A 3D Dust Map Based on Gaia, Pan-STARRS 1, and 2MASS

We present a new three-dimensional map of dust reddening, based on Gaia parallaxes and stellar photometry from Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS. This map covers the sky north of a decl. of −30°, out to a distance of a few kiloparsecs. This new map contains three major improvements over our previous work. First, the inclusion of Gaia parallaxes dramatically improves distance estimates to nearby stars. Second, we incorporate a spatial prior that correlates the dust density across nearby sightlines. This produces a smoother map, with more isotropic clouds and smaller distance uncertainties, particularly to clouds within the nearest kiloparsec. Third, we infer the dust density with a distance resolution that is four times finer than in our previous work, to accommodate the improvements in signal-to-noise enabled by the other improvements. As part of this work, we infer the distances, reddenings, and types of 799 million stars. (Our 3D dust map can be accessed at doi:10.7910/DVN/2EJ9TX or through the Python package dustmaps, while our catalog of stellar parameters can be accessed at doi:10.7910/DVN/AV9GXO. More information about the map, as well as an interactive viewer, can be found at argonaut.skymaps.info.) We obtain typical reddening uncertainties that are ∼30% smaller than those reported in the Gaia DR2 catalog, reflecting the greater number of photometric passbands that enter into our analysis.
LIPID REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GROWTH OF PLEUROPNEUMONIALIKE ORGANISMS

MIany of the pleuropneumonialike organisms (PPLO) require for growth a factor found in mammalian blood sera. This factor has been isolated and characterized as a lipoprotein (Smith et al., 1954). The protein moiety, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid, comprising this lipoprotein, are all growth requirements. Edward and Fitzgerald (1951) reported that cholesterol was active in promoting growth and that cholestanol and stigmasterol were as effective as cholesterol, whereas ergosterol, coprosterol, and certain cholesterol esters were inactive. They concluded that both lipid and protein fractions of serum were concerned in promotion of growth. Smith et al. (1954) reported that cholesterol and only cholesterol laurate of 5 cholesterol esters examined satisfied the sterol requirement. It has been shown that various proteins can substitute for the protein moiety of the lipoprotein factor and that the ability of a given protein to support growth apparently depends upon its ability to bind sterol (Smith et al., 1954). However, no detailed quantitative analysis of the lipid requirement of pleuropneumonialike organisms has been made. As a first step in an attempt to clarify the function of the lipoprotein growth factor, the quantitative growth response to various lipids was determined and the necessary molecular configuration of the sterol requirement was elucidated.
Characterization of Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. Isolates from United States Hospitals by Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis and Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Comparator Agents

Abstract Background Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. are common pathogens in a variety of clinical infections. These organisms can overexpress the chromosomal AmpC that encodes resistance to several β-lactams. Additionally, these isolates may carry acquired BL genes. We evaluated the presence of BL and the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) among 410 isolates collected in US hospitals during 2016. Methods In total, 258 E. cloacae (ECL), 81 E. aerogenes, 70 C. freundii, and 1 C. koseri displaying MIC values ≥16 µg/ml for CAZ and/or ≥2 µg/ml for cefepime were submitted to WGS, de novo assembly and screening for BL genes using an in-house-developed pipeline. Results The most common acquired BL gene was blaCTX-M (25 isolates, 20 ECL) and included blaCTX-M-15 (19 isolates) and six other variants. ESBL blaSHV (six variants) was noted among 39 isolates and blaSHV-12 (23 positive results) was the most frequent variant. Other ESBL genes (blaOXA-1/30 [20 isolates] and blaTEM-10 [3]) were also noted. Transferrable AmpCs were detected among 8 isolates (5 blaDHA-1, 2 blaFOX-5, and 1 blaCMY-2 in ECL). Carbapenemase-encoding genes detected (19 isolates) included five blaKPC-2, 11 blaKPC-3, and one each of blaKPC-4, blaKPC-6, and blaNDM-1. Isolates carrying these genes were five C. freundii, one E. aerogenes, and 13 ECL. The blaKPC-6-carrying ECL exhibited meropenem, doripenem, and imipenem MIC values of 0.06, 0.12, and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively. The majority of the E. aerogenes isolates did not carry acquired BL and the only C. koseri carried blaSHV-7. CAZ-AVI was active against 99.5% (408/410) of the isolates, and two isolates were resistant to CAZ-AVI: one ECL carrying blaNDM-1 (MIC, >32 µg/ml) and one isolate carrying blaKPC-4 and porin alterations (MIC, 16 µg/ml). Susceptibility (S) rates were 1.0, 1.2, and 72.9% for ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime, respectively, and 22.0% for piperacillin-tazobactam. Carbapenems were 92.9–93.7% active against these isolates. Conclusion Acquired BL were more frequent among ECL and were mostly blaCTX-M or blaSHV. Carbapenemases were also detected. Cephalosporin resistance is likely due to overexpression of AmpC among E. aerogenes. CAZ-AVI was very active against these isolates, including most (17/19) carbapenemase producers. Disclosures M. Castanheira, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant. R. E. Mendes, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant. T. P. Doyle, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant. A. P. Davis, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant. H. S. Sader, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant
The Art of Social Bots: A Review and a Refined Taxonomy

Social bots represent a new generation of bots that make use of online social networks (OSNs) as a command and control (C\&C) channel. Malicious social bots were responsible for launching large-scale spam campaigns, promoting low-cap stocks, manipulating user's digital influence and conducting political astroturf. This paper presents a detailed review on current social bots and proper techniques that can be used to fly under the radar of OSNs defences to be undetectable for long periods of time. We also suggest a refined taxonomy of detection approaches from social network perspective, as well as commonly used datasets and their corresponding findings. Our study can help OSN administrators and researchers understand the destructive potential of malicious social bots and can improve the current defence strategies against them.
Chest resurfacing with a reverse abdominoplasty flap for invasive breast cancer recurrence

Abstract We present a patient with recurrent breast cancer requiring massive resection of the upper chest. Management included a reverse abdominoplasty flap to resurface the anterior chest wall, with acceptable aesthetic outcomes, and adjuvant chemotherapy. RA is a simple and versatile coverage option in patients with high risk of disease recurrence.
Differential excitatory control of 2 parallel basket cell networks in amygdala microcircuits

Information processing in neural networks depends on the connectivity among excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The presence of parallel, distinctly controlled local circuits within a cortical network may ensure an effective and dynamic regulation of microcircuit function. By applying a combination of optogenetics, electrophysiological recordings, and high resolution microscopic techniques, we uncovered the organizing principles of synaptic communication between principal neurons and basket cells in the basal nucleus of the amygdala. In this cortical structure, known to be critical for emotional memory formation, we revealed the presence of 2 parallel basket cell networks expressing either parvalbumin or cholecystokinin. While the 2 basket cell types are mutually interconnected within their own category via synapses and gap junctions, they avoid innervating each other, but form synaptic contacts with axo-axonic cells. Importantly, both basket cell types have the similar potency to control principal neuron spiking, but they receive excitatory input from principal neurons with entirely diverse features. This distinct feedback synaptic excitation enables a markedly different recruitment of the 2 basket cell types upon the activation of local principal neurons. Our data suggest fundamentally different functions for the 2 parallel basket cell networks in circuit operations in the amygdala.
A Priority-Based 6T/8T Hybrid SRAM Architecture for Aggressive Voltage Scaling in Video Applications

We present a voltage-scalable and process-variation resilient, hybrid memory architecture, suitable for use in MPEG-4 video processors such that power dissipation can be traded for graceful degradation in “quality. ” The key innovation in our proposed work is a hybrid memory array, which is a mixture of conventional 6T and 8T SRAM bit-cells. The fundamental premise of our approach lies in the fact that the human visual system is mostly sensitive to higher order bits of luminance pixels in video data. We implemented a preferential storage policy in which the higher order luma bits are stored in robust 8T bit-cells while the lower order bits are stored in conventional 6T bit-cells. This facilitates aggressive scaling of supply voltage in memory as the important luma bits, stored in 8T bit-cells, remain relatively unaffected by voltage scaling. The not-so-important lower order luma bits, stored in 6T bit-cells, if affected, contribute insignificantly to the overall degradation in output video quality. Simulation results show that under iso-area condition, we can obtain at least 32% power savings in the hybrid memory array compared to the conventional 6T SRAM array.
APEX Millimeter Observations of Methanol Emission Toward High-mass Star-forming Cores

We present 247 GHz molecular line observations of methanol (CH3OH) toward 16 massive star-forming regions using the APEX telescope with an angular resolution of 25″. The sample covers a range of evolutionary states, including warm molecular cores (WMCs), hot molecular cores, and ultracompact H ii regions. The hot cores, all of which include UC H ii regions, show rich molecular line spectra, although the strength of different species and transitions varies from source to source. In contrast, the warm cores do not show significant molecular line emission. Multiple methanol transitions are detected toward nine of the hot cores; eight of these had enough transitions to use the rotation diagram method to estimate rotational temperatures and column densities. The temperatures lie in the range of 104–190 K and column densities from 3 × 1016 to 7 × 1018 cm−2. Using the average methanol line parameters, we estimate virial masses, which fall in the range from 145 to 720 M⊙ and proved to be significantly higher than the measured gas masses. We discuss possible scenarios to explain the chemical differences between hot cores and WMCs. One of the observed methanol lines, 42–51A+ at 247.228 GHz, is predicted to show Class II maser emission, similar in intensity to previously reported J0–J−1E masers at 157 GHz. We did not find any clear evidence for maser emission among the observed sources, however, a weak maser in this line may exist in G345.01+1.79.
Counting solutions to Presburger formulas: how and why

We describe methods that are able to count the number of integer solutions to selected free variables of a Presburger formula, or sum a polynomial over all integer solutions of selected free variables of a Presburger formula. This answer is given symbolically, in terms of symbolic constants (the remaining free variables in the Presburger formula). For example, we can create a Presburger formula who's solutions correspond to the iterations of a loop. By counting these, we obtain an estimate of the execution time of the loop. In more complicated applications, we can create Presburger formulas who's solutions correspond to the distinct memory locations or cache lines touched by a loop, the flops executed by a loop, or the array elements that need to be communicated at a particular point in a distributed computation. By counting the number of solutions, we can evaluate the computation/memory balance of a computation, determine if a loop is load balanced and evaluate message traffic and allocate message buffers.
Grasp It Loudly! Supporting Actions with Semantically Congruent Spoken Action Words

Evidence for cross-talk between motor and language brain structures has accumulated over the past several years. However, while a significant amount of research has focused on the interaction between language perception and action, little attention has been paid to the potential impact of language production on overt motor behaviour. The aim of the present study was to test whether verbalizing during a grasp-to-displace action would affect motor behaviour and, if so, whether this effect would depend on the semantic content of the pronounced word (Experiment I). Furthermore, we sought to test the stability of such effects in a different group of participants and investigate at which stage of the motor act language intervenes (Experiment II). For this, participants were asked to reach, grasp and displace an object while overtly pronouncing verbal descriptions of the action (“grasp” and “put down”) or unrelated words (e.g. “butterfly” and “pigeon”). Fine-grained analyses of several kinematic parameters such as velocity peaks revealed that when participants produced action-related words their movements became faster compared to conditions in which they did not verbalize or in which they produced words that were not related to the action. These effects likely result from the functional interaction between semantic retrieval of the words and the planning and programming of the action. Therefore, links between (action) language and motor structures are significant to the point that language can refine overt motor behaviour.
Preserving the chondrolabral junction reduces the rate of capsular adhesions

Abstract The operative treatment of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has become an increasingly more common procedure. Classically, the labrum is incised at the chondrolabral junction (CLJ), or a concurrent tear is extended to allow access to the acetabular rim facilitating acetabuloplasty. The labrum is subsequently repaired using suture anchors. More recently, acetabuloplasty has been performed without incising the labrum and negating the need to use suture anchors. The aim of this study is to determine whether preserving the CLJ reduces the incidence of revision hip arthroscopy for the treatment of capsulolabral adhesions. This retrospective study compared two cohorts of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for pincer-type FAI from August 2002 to April 2015. The groups analysed were patients undergoing acetabuloplasty with labral repair (LR) and those with no labral repair (NLR). The revision rates and causes for revision were compared using the χ2 analysis. There were 1010 cases in total. Acetabuloplasty with LR was performed in 546 hips (519 patients), while acetabuloplasty with NLR was performed in 464 hips (431 patients). In the LR group, there were 54 (9.9%) revisions, 25 (46%) of which were due to capsulolabral adhesions. The NLR group had 36 (7.8%) revisions with six (17%) due to capsulolabral adhesions. Preserving the CLJ, thereby avoiding the need for drilling and the insertion of suture anchors, when performing an acetabuloplasty for pincer-type FAI, significantly reduces the rate of symptomatic adhesions requiring revision arthroscopy.
Diagnostic Performance of T2Candida Among ICU Patients With Risk Factors for Invasive Candidiasis

Abstract Background Invasive candidiasis (IC) comprises candidemia and deep-seated candidiasis. Blood culture (BC) is the gold standard test, but sensitivity is low. T2Candida is a new diagnostic test. We investigated the performance of T2Candida, BC, and Candida mannan antigen (MAg) for detection of IC in a high-risk intensive care unit (ICU) population. Methods One-hundred twenty-six ICU patients at high risk of IC with sepsis despite 3 days of broad-spectrum antibiotics were included. Paired BC, T2Candida, and MAg were obtained twice weekly (334 sets). Patients were classified into proven, likely, possible, or unlikely IC based on patient record review. Results At enrollment, 92 (77%) patients were receiving antifungal therapy (mainly fluconazole 66%). Fifteen (11.9%) patients were positive by BC (n = 4), T2Candida (n = 11), or MAg (n = 10). The T2Candida species distribution at inclusion (Candida albicans/Candida tropicalis: 8/11 [72.3%] and Candida glabrata/Candida krusei: 3/11 [27.3%]) was supported by the identification of BC or colonizing isolates in 10/11 cases. Patients were classified with proven (11), likely (6), possible (11), and unlikely (98) IC. Defining IC as proven/proven&likely/proven&likely&possible, respectively, the sensitivity was as follows: T2Candida (55%/59%/39%), BC (45%/29%/ 8%), and MAg (36%/41%/32%). The negative predictive value was similar across the tests for proven vs others and proven/likely vs others (94%–96% and 90%–95%, respectively). For test combinations including T2Candida, the sensitivity increased to 64%–65%, without hampering the positive predictive value. Conclusions In conclusion, although the diagnostic performance was modest for all the tests, the combination of T2Candida and BC seemed to have the best diagnostic performance, and thus implementation of T2Candida may improve the diagnosis of IC.