Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risks of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background— Numerous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) is not identified and, consequently, inadequately treated in a substantial proportion of the patients in the general population. We know very little about the extent and the consequences of undiagnosed diabetes in the risk group of patients with coronary heart diseases. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence and the risks of undiagnosed DM among patients with coronary artery bypass. Methods and Results— The data of 7310 patients who have undergone coronary bypass operations between 1996 and 2003 were analyzed. Depending on their diagnosis on admission and their fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, these patients were classified as known diabetics, undiagnosed diabetics (FPG ≥126 mg/dL), or as nondiabetics (FPG <126 mg/dL) and were compared in terms of their preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics. Among the patients with coronary bypass that we examined, we found a prevalence of diagnosed diabetics of 29.6%. The prevalence of patients with undiagnosed DM (FPG ≥126 mg/dL) was 5.2%. In comparison with the other groups (non-DM versus undiagnosed DM versus known DM), the undiagnosed diabetics more frequently required resuscitation (1.7% versus 4.2% versus 1.5%; P<0.01) and reintubation (2.1% versus 5.0% versus 3.5%; P<0.01) and often showed a longer period of ventilation >1 day (5.6% versus 10.5% versus 7.4%; P<0.01). Perioperative mortality rate was highest in this group (0.9% versus 2.4% versus 1.4%; P<0.01). Conclusions— This study is the first to publish the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in cardiac surgery. During the perioperative and postoperative courses, these patients displayed a substantially higher morbidity and mortality rate.
Real Time Identification of Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) through Daily Screening of ALT Results: A Prospective Pilot Cohort Study

Objective Identification of drug-induced liver disease (DILI) is difficult, even among hospitalized patients. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the impact of a specific strategy for DILI screening. Design We prospectively compared the number of acute DILI cases identified in one week of a proactive strategy based on centralized elevated ALT values to those identified with a standard of care strategy for 24-week period based on referral cases to the hepatology unit. In the centralized strategy, a designated study biochemist identified patients with ALT greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal values (ULN) and notified the designated hepatologists, who then went to the patients' wards, analyzed the charts, and if necessary, interviewed the identified patients. During these two periods, patients with possible DILI were included after signing an informed consent in an ongoing European diagnostic study (SAFE-T consortium). Results During the 24-week period of the standard strategy, 12 (0.04%) patients out of a total of 28,145 were identified as having possible DILI, and 11 of these accepted to be included in the protocol. During the one-week proactive period, 7 patients out of a total of 1407 inpatients (0.498%) [odds ratio vs. standard = 12.1 (95% CI, 3.9–32.3); P<0.0001] were identified with possible DILI, and 5 were included in the protocol. Conclusion A simple strategy based on the daily analysis of cases with ALT >3 ULN by designated biochemists and hepatologists identified 12 times more acute cases of drug-induced liver disease than the standard strategy. This pilot cohort is registered on the number AP-HP P110201/1/08-03-2011 and AFSSAPS B110346-70.
‘How can you enjoy sports if you are under control by others?’ Self-organized lifestyle sports and youth development

Abstract While research shows a positive association between participation in organized sports and youth development, research on alternative and unorganized sport settings is lacking. This paper analyzes developmental processes in a sample of unorganized lifestyle sport contexts, drawing on a Relational Developmental Systems approach to human development. Based on observation and interviews with young practitioners in four lifestyle sport contexts, we found many similarities in these contexts and the possibilities they offered for youth development. Results suggest the contexts studied should not be considered unorganized but self-organized. These contexts may support positive development, not in spite of, but because of the lack of strict rules, formal leaders or a priori performance goals. The studied contexts are understood as embracing and tolerant, yet not accessible for all. Self-organized lifestyle sport contexts need more detailed research to understand how they can provide opportunities for positive development among some hard to reach groups.
CONCEPT OF ANIMATED ELECTRONIC BOOKS IN INCREASING YOUNG LEARNERS’ LITERACY SKILLS IN EFL CLASSROOM

Process of literacy teaching influences young learners’ future education. Childhood experience of literacy learning in EFL classroom becomes one of the factors that contributes to young learnes’ motivation in learning English. Consequently, the implementation of literacy instruction to young learners in EFL classroom must be conducted interestingly in order to engage them in the enjoyable and understandable English learning process. One of the efforts to encounrage young learners to improve their literacy skills is by the use of ICT in EFL classroom. Importantly, the use of animated electronic books in EFL classroom is considered as one of the beneficial tools used to increase young learners’ literacy skills. Therefore, this article discusses how to implement animated electronic books in increasing young learners’ literacy skills in EFL classroom.
Harmonic analysis of cosmic microwave background data — I. Ring reductions and point-source catalogue

We present a harmonic model for the data analysis of an all-sky cosmic microwave background survey, such as Planck, where the survey is obtained through ring-scans of the sky. In this model, resampling and pixelization of the data are avoided. The spherical transforms of the sky at each frequency, in total intensity and polarization, as well as the bright-point-source catalogue, are derived directly from the data reduced on to the rings. Formal errors and the most significant correlation coefficients for the spherical transforms of the frequency maps are preserved. A clean and transparent path from the original samplings in the time domain to the final scientific products is thus obtained. The data analysis is largely based on Fourier analysis of rings; the positional stability of the instrument's spin axis during these scans is a requirement for the data model and is investigated here for the Planck satellite. Brighter point sources are recognized and extracted as part of the ring reductions and, on the basis of accumulated data, used to build the bright-point-source catalogue. The analysis of the rings is performed in an iterative loop, involving a range of geometric and detector response calibrations. The geometric calibrations are used to reconstruct the paths of the detectors over the sky during a scan and the phase offsets between scans of different detectors; the response calibrations eliminate short- and long-term variations in detector response. Point-source information may allow the reconstruction of the beam profile. The reconstructed spherical transforms of the sky in each frequency channel form the input to the subsequent analysis stages. Although the methods in this paper were developed with the data processing for the Planck satellite in mind, there are many aspects which have wider implementation possibilities, including the construction of real-space pixelized maps.
Large expansion of oil industry in the Ecuadorian Amazon: biodiversity vulnerability and conservation alternatives

Abstract Ecuador will experience a significant expansion of the oil industry in its Amazonian region, one of the most biodiverse areas of the world. In view of the changes that are about to come, we explore the conflicts between oil extraction interests and biodiversity protection and apply systematic conservation planning to identify priority areas that should be protected in different oil exploitation scenarios. First, we quantified the current extent of oil blocks and protected zones and their overlap with two biodiversity indicators: 25 ecosystems and 745 species (whose distributions were estimated via species distribution models). With the new scheme of oil exploitation, oil blocks cover 68% (68,196 km2) of the Ecuadorian Amazon; half of it occupied by new blocks open for bids in the southern Amazon. This region is especially vulnerable to biodiversity losses, because peaks of species diversity, 19 ecosystems, and a third of its protected zones coincide spatially with oil blocks. Under these circumstances, we used Marxan software to identify priority areas for conservation outside oil blocks, but their coverage was insufficient to completely represent biodiversity. Instead, priority areas that include southern oil blocks provide a higher representation of biodiversity indicators. Therefore, preserving the southern Amazon becomes essential to improve the protection of Amazonian biodiversity in Ecuador, and avoiding oil exploitation in these areas (33% of the extent of southern oil blocks) should be considered a conservation alternative. Also, it is highly recommended to improve current oil exploitation technology to reduce environmental impacts in the region, especially within five oil blocks that we identified as most valuable for the conservation of biodiversity. The application of these and other recommendations depends heavily on the Ecuadorian government, which needs to find a better balance between the use of the Amazon resources and biodiversity conservation.
Behavior-aware p2p protocol for high data availability = 높은 데이터 유효성을 보장하기 위한 행동-인지 피어-투-피어 프로토콜

A lot of research papers discussed the Distributed Hash Table (DHT) based p2p systems to promise that idle resources may be efficiently harvested. However, p2p systems are composed of components with extremely heterogeneous availabilities and to handle churn, the system will generate the heavy information maintenance traffic to keep the efficiency of the DHT. Moreover, the previous researches concentrate on the efficient lookup of the p2p system and they fails to keep high data availability effectively. This dissertation presents the behavior-aware p2p protocol for high data availability. By using this protocol, the p2p system can reduce the overhead by exploiting the heterogeneous behavior of participant nodes efficiently. Unlike the DHT based p2p which use the static nodeID which is obtained by wellbalanced hashing function, the behavior-aware p2p ignores this static nodeID and uses the dynamic nodeID. This dynamic nodeID is composed of the Load Balanced ID which balance the loads of the reliable and powerful nodes and the Load Free ID which reduce the responsibility of normal and weak nodes and eliminate the compulsory maintenance overhead when the churn of them occurs. The assignment of nodeID performs without any central management server. The new nodeID is assigned according to the current network state and the node which processes the join message. After assigning the new nodeID, this nodeID of a node changes on the fly according to its behavior on the p2p system. Finally, every node gets its proper nodeID with its characteristics and each nodes takes the different responsibility in accordance with its nodeID to support p2p system effectively. The reliable and powerful nodes mainly
Ensemble of Example-Dependent Cost-Sensitive Decision Trees

Several real-world classification problems are example-dependent cost-sensitive in nature, where the costs due to misclassification vary between examples and not only within classes. However, standard classification methods do not take these costs into account, and assume a constant cost of misclassification errors. In previous works, some methods that take into account the financial costs into the training of different algorithms have been proposed, with the example-dependent cost-sensitive decision tree algorithm being the one that gives the highest savings. In this paper we propose a new framework of ensembles of example-dependent cost-sensitive decision-trees. The framework consists in creating different example-dependent cost-sensitive decision trees on random subsamples of the training set, and then combining them using three different combination approaches. Moreover, we propose two new cost-sensitive combination approaches; cost-sensitive weighted voting and cost-sensitive stacking, the latter being based on the cost-sensitive logistic regression method. Finally, using five different databases, from four real-world applications: credit card fraud detection, churn modeling, credit scoring and direct marketing, we evaluate the proposed method against state-of-the-art example-dependent cost-sensitive techniques, namely, cost-proportionate sampling, Bayes minimum risk and cost-sensitive decision trees. The results show that the proposed algorithms have better results for all databases, in the sense of higher savings.
Multilink: a computational model for bilingual word recognition and word translation

The computational BIA+ model (Dijkstra & Van Heuven, 2002) has provided a useful account for bilingual word recognition, while the verbal (pre-quantitative) RHM (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) has often served as a reference framework for bilingual word production and translation. According to Brysbaert and Duyck (2010), a strong need is felt for a unified implemented account of bilingual word comprehension, lexical-semantic processing, and word production. With this goal in mind, we built a localist-connectionist model, called Multilink, which integrates basic assumptions of both BIA+ and RHM. It simulates the recognition and production of cognates (form-similar translation equivalents) and non-cognates of different lengths and frequencies in tasks like monolingual and bilingual lexical decision, word naming, and word translation production. It also considers effects of lexical similarity, cognate status, relative L2-proficiency, and translation direction. Model-to-model comparisons show that Multilink provides higher correlations with empirical data than both IA and BIA+ models.
Sunyaev–Zel'dovich profiles and scaling relations: modelling effects and observational biases

We use high-resolution hydrodynamic re-simulations to investigate the properties of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect from galaxy cluste rs. We compare results obtained using different physical models for the intracluster mediu m (ICM), and show how they modify the SZ emission in terms of cluster profiles and scaling re lations. We also produce realistic mock observations to verify whether the results from hydrodynamic simulations can be confirmed. We find that SZ profiles depend marginally on the modell ed physical processes, while they exhibit a strong dependence on cluster mass. The central and total SZ emission strongly correlate with the cluster X-ray luminosity and temperature. The logarithmic slopes of these scaling relations differ from the self-similar prediction s by less than 0.2; the normalization of the relations is lower for simulations including radiati ve cooling. The observational test suggests that SZ cluster profiles are unlikely to be able to pr obe the ICM physics. The total SZ decrement appears to be an observable much more robust than the central intensity, and we suggest using the former to investigate scaling relation s.
Cophosphorylation of amphiphysin I and dynamin I by Cdk5 regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicles

It has been thought that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of many endocytic proteins, including amphiphysin I and dynamin I. Here, we show that Cdk5/p35-dependent cophosphorylation of amphiphysin I and dynamin I plays a critical role in such processes. Cdk5 inhibitors enhanced the electric stimulation–induced endocytosis in hippocampal neurons, and the endocytosis was also enhanced in the neurons of p35-deficient mice. Cdk5 phosphorylated the proline-rich domain of both amphiphysin I and dynamin I in vitro and in vivo. Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of amphiphysin I inhibited the association with β-adaptin. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of dynamin I blocked its binding to amphiphysin I. The phosphorylation of each protein reduced the copolymerization into a ring formation in a cell-free system. Moreover, the phosphorylation of both proteins completely disrupted the copolymerization into a ring formation. Finally, phosphorylation of both proteins was undetectable in p35-deficient mice.
Conformal blocks for AdS(5) singletons

We give a simple derivation of the conformal blocks of the singleton sector of compactifications of IIB string theory on spacetimes of the form X5 x Y5 with Y5 compact, while X5 has as conformal boundary an arbitrary 4-manifold M4. We retain the second-derivative terms in the action for the B,C fields and thus the analysis is not purely topological. The unit-normalized conformal blocks agree exactly with the quantum partition function of the U(1) gauge theory on the conformal boundary. We reproduce the action of the magnetic translation group and the SL(2,Z) S-duality group obtained from the purely topological analysis of Witten. An interesting subtlety in the normalization of the IIB Chern-Simons phase is noted.
Functional allocation of synaptic contacts in microcircuits from rods via rod bipolar to AII amacrine cells in the mouse retina

Retinal microcircuits for night vision at the absolute threshold are required to relay a single‐photon rod signal reliably to ganglion cells via rod bipolar (RB) cells and AII amacrine cells. To assess the noise reduction of intercellular signal transmission in this rod‐specific pathway, we quantified its synaptic connectivity by 3D reconstruction of a series of electron micrographs. In most cases (94%), each rod made ribbon synaptic contacts onto two adjacent RB cells. Conversely, each RB cell was contacted by 25 rods. Each RB axon terminal contacted four or five AII amacrine cells via 53 ribbon synapses. Thus, the signal from one rod may be represented as 106 replicates at two RB axons. Moreover, the two adjacent RB cells contacted two to four AII amacrine cells in common, where the signals relayed by two RB cells were reunited. In more detail, over 50% of each RB output was directed predominantly to a single, preferred AII amacrine cell, although each RB cell also separately contacted another one to three AII amacrine cells. Most of the replicate signals at two RB axons were collected on a few AII amacrine cells via reunions, dominant connections, and electrical coupling by AII–AII gap junctions. Thus the original signal may be reliably represented by signal amplification with focal accumulation without gathering unnecessary noise from a wide surrounding area. This allocation of RB–AII synaptic contacts may serve as the structural basis for the physiological properties of the AII single‐photon response that include high amplification, local adaptation, and regenerative acceleration. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3541‐3555, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and Safety of Flow Diversion for Paraclinoid Aneurysms: A Matched-Pair Analysis Compared with Standard Endovascular Approaches

These seasoned investigators sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of flow-diverting devices for the treatment of complex paraclinoid aneurysms in 21 patients and compared their results with historical matched controls treated at their institution. Aneurysm size, location, risk factors, and comorbidities were equal for both groups. In the hands of these authors, flow diverters achieved a higher rate of aneurysm obliteration when compared with other treatments and did not show an increased rate of complications. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flow diversion is a new strategy for the treatment of complex paraclinoid aneurysms. However, flow diverters have, to date, not been tested in direct comparison with other available treatments. We present a matched-pair comparison of paraclinoid aneurysms treated with the PED versus other endovascular techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one eligible patients with 22 paraclinoid aneurysms treated with the PED at our institution were matched with historic controls with aneurysms of similar size and location. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of aneurysm size, location, risk factors, or comorbidities. Mean dome size was 13.9 ± 6.7 mm in the control group and 14.9 ± 6.3 mm in the PED group (P = .52). Balloon and stent assistance were used in 31.8% and 9.1% of controls, respectively, while carotid sacrifice was used in 36.4% of the controls. There was a significant difference in the rate of complete occlusion favoring PED at radiologic follow-up (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Flow diverters achieve a much higher rate of complete angiographic obliteration compared with other standard endovascular techniques in the treatment of internal carotid artery aneurysms. In this series, this higher angiographic obliteration rate did not occur at the expense of an increased rate of complications. Careful long-term follow-up is of the utmost importance to definitively validate flow diversion as a superior therapeutic strategy for proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms.
A Comprehensive Empirical Validation of Product Measures for Object-Oriented Systems

This paper aims at empirically exploring the relationships between existing object-oriented coupling, cohesion, and inheritance measures and the probability of fault detection in system classes during testing. The underlying goal of such a study is to better understand the relationship between existing design measurement in OO systems and the quality of the software developed. Results show that many of the measures capture similar dimensions in the dataset, thus reflecting the fact that many of them are based on similar principles and hypotheses. However, it is shown that by using a subset of measures, accurate models can be built to predict in which classes most of the faults are likely to lie in. By inspecting an amount of code comparable to the one contained in faulty classes, it is possible to find between 90% and 95% of the faults, depending on the type of model validation considered. Besides the size of classes, the frequency of method invocations and the depth of inheritance hierarchies seem to be the main driving factors of fault proneness.