Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using word embeddings to expand terminology of dietary supplements on clinical notes

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of applying word embeddings to expand the terminology of dietary supplements (DS) using over 26 million clinical notes. Methods Word embedding models (ie, word2vec and GloVe) trained on clinical notes were used to predefine a list of top 40 semantically related terms for each of 14 commonly used DS. Each list was further evaluated by experts to generate semantically similar terms. We investigated the effect of corpus size and other settings (ie, vector size and window size) as well as the 2 word embedding models on performance for DS term expansion. We compared the number of clinical notes (and patients they represent) that were retrieved using the word embedding expanded terms to both the baseline terms and external DS sources expanded terms. Results Using the word embedding models trained on clinical notes, we could identify 1–12 semantically similar terms for each DS. Using the word embedding expanded terms, we were able to retrieve averagely 8.39% more clinical notes and 11.68% more patients for each DS compared with 2 sets of terms. The increasing corpus size results in more misspellings, but not more semantic variants and brand names. Word2vec model is also found more capable of detecting semantically similar terms than GloVe. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the utility of word embeddings on clinical notes for terminology expansion on 14 DS. We propose that this method can be potentially applied to create a DS vocabulary for downstream applications, such as information extraction.
Analysis of non-uniform cache architecture policies for chip-multiprocessors using the Parsec Benchmark Suite

Non-Uniform Cache Architectures (NUCA) have been proposed as a solution to overcome wire delays that will dominate on-chip latencies in Chip Multiprocessor designs in the near future. This novel means of organization divides the total memory area into a set of banks that provides non-uniform access latencies and thus faster access to those banks that are close to the processor. A NUCA model can be characterized according to the four policies that determine its behavior: bank placement, bank access, bank migration and bank replacement. Placement determines the first location of data, access defines the searching algorithm across the banks, migration decides data movements inside the memory and replacement deals with the evicted data. This paper analyzes the performance of several alternatives that can be considered for each of these four policies. Moreover, the Parsec benchmark suite has been used to handle this evaluation because it is a representative group of upcoming sharedmemory programs for Chip Multiprocessors. The results may help researchers to identify key features of NUCA organizations and to open up new areas of investigation.
Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To study the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), fulfilling the 1993 European classification criteria compared with three different control groups. METHODS Serological tests investigating the presence of antibodies against H. pylori were performed by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) and confirmed by immunoblot (IB). The samples were tested for antibodies against cytotoxin-associated-protein A (CagA). The three control groups included were: one simultaneously collected age-matched group of orthopaedic outpatients without rheumatological disease, a random primary care patient sample from the same geographic region and a group of age-matched blood donors. RESULTS 45% of the SS patients (n = 164) were EIA-positive for H. pylori and 30% were positive in the confirming IB assay. 23% had antibodies to the CagA protein. We found a clear and statistically significant increase in seroprevalence with increasing age. These estimates were lower compared to the control group of orthopaedic patients but similar to those in the other two control groups, thus showing the importance of multiple control groups in case control studies. In the group of SS patients there were no significant associations between a positive EIA, IB or CagA for H. pylori and the presence of abnormal serum levels of autoantibodies (ANA, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, rheumatoid factor (RF)) or an abnormal lip biopsy. CONCLUSION Swedish patients with primary SS do not have higher H. pylori seroprevalence rates than controls. Neither was H. pylori seropositivity associated with the presence of immunological markers of SS such as circulating autoantibodies or a lip biopsy with abnormal focus score.
Nonpathogenic SIV and Pathogenic HIV Infections Associate with Disparate Innate Cytokine Signatures in Response to Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Infections with mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) BCG, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for HIV-infected persons. In contrast to HIV, nonpathogenic SIV infections of sooty mangabeys are characterized by a lack of clinical disease including an absence of opportunistic infections. The goal of this study was to identify innate immune responses to M. bovis BCG maintained during nonpathogenic lentiviral infections through a comparison of functional responses during pathogenic HIV or nonpathogenic SIV infections. Monocytes were evaluated for their ability to express key anti-mycobacterial cytokines TNF-α and IL-12 following a six-hour ex vivo BCG exposure. While HIV-infection was associated with a decreased percentage of IL-12-producing monocytes, nonpathogenic SIV-infection was associated with an increased percentage of monocytes producing both cytokines. Gene expression analysis of PBMC following ex vivo BCG exposure identified differential expression of NK cell-related genes and several cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-23, between HIV-infected and control subjects. In contrast, SIV-infected and uninfected-control mangabeys exhibited no significant differences in gene expression after BCG exposure. Finally, differential gene expression patterns were identified between species, with mangabeys exhibiting lower IL-6 and higher IL-17 in response to BCG when compared to humans. Overall, this comparison of immune responses to M. bovis BCG identified unique immune signatures (involving cytokines IL-12, TNF-α, IL-23, IL-17, and IL-6) that are altered during HIV, but maintained or increased during nonpathogenic SIV infections. These unique cytokine and transcriptome signatures provide insight into the differential immune responses to Mycobacteria during pathogenic HIV-infection that may be associated with an increased incidence of mycobacterial co-infections.
Miscibility and Hydrogen Bonding in Blends of Poly(4-vinylphenol)/Poly(vinyl methyl ketone)

The miscibility and phase behavior of poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVPh) with poly(vinyl methyl ketone) (PVMK) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that all blends of PVPh/PVMK are totally miscible. A DSC study showed the apparition of a single glass transition (Tg) over their entire composition range. When the amount of PVPh exceeds 50% in blends, the obtained Tgs are found to be significantly higher than those observed for each individual component of the mixture, indicating that these blends are capable of forming interpolymer complexes. FTIR analysis revealed the existence of preferential specific interactions via hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which intensified when the amount of PVPh was increased in blends. Furthermore, the quantitative FTIR study carried out for PVPh/PVMK blends was also performed for the vinylphenol (VPh) and vinyl methyl ketone (VMK) functional groups. These results were also established by scanning electron microscopy study (SEM).
Observations on the behaviour and life history of Schizotetranychus tenuinidus (Acari: Tetranychidae) inhabiting bamboo leaves in Fujian, China

Schizotetranychus tenuinidus females construct narrow nests mainly near the petiole and the main vein on leaves of moso bamboo (Phyllostaychs pubescens ) and these nests are more often found on old than new leaves. The nests, sometimes as many as ten per leaf, are open at both ends and mobile stages frequently move out to feed and defecate. Each female lays about 20 eggs neatly in two rows in the nest and males guard the eggs until they hatch. Development from the egg to adult took about two weeks at 28-30°C and about three weeks at 24-26°C. The male deutonymph was not observed in S. tenuinidus . Adult females started to lay eggs after three days and the oviposition rate fluctuated around one egg per day during most of the oviposition period, which lasted for 13-33 days. The post-oviposition period was very short (averaging 1.5 days) and highly variable among individuals. Total fecundity was 21.8 ± 8.1 (12-37) eggs per female. Adult females lived for 24.8 ± 6.0 (17-33) days. months, when their principal hosts are largely inactive. No clear preference for any other season was observed. The geographical distribution of A. argentinae matches that of its chief host, C. chilensis . This host is increasingly at risk of extinction in its southern (Argentinean) range, which may also endanger A. argentinae in this region.
Are Foreign-Owned Firms Different? Comparison of Employment Volatility and Elasticity of Labour Demand

This paper analyses differences in employment volatility in foreign-owned and domestic companies using firm-level data from 24 European countries. The presence of foreign-owned companies may lead to higher employment volatility because subsidiaries of multinational companies react more sensitively to changes in labour demand in host countries or because they are more exposed to external shocks. We assess the conditional employment volatility of firms with foreign and domestic owners using propensity score matching and find that it is higher in foreign-owned firms in about half of the countries that our study covers. In addition, we explore how and why labour demand elasticity differs between these two groups of companies. Our estimations indicate that labour demand can be either more or less elastic in subsidiaries of foreign-owned multinationals than in domestic enterprises, depending on the institutional environments of their home and host countries. JEL Classification: F23, J23, J51
Distribution and Kinematics of the HCN (3-2) Emission Down to the Innermost Region in the Envelope of the O-rich Star W Hydrae

We report high angular resolution observations of the HCN (3-2) line emission in the circumstellar envelope of the O-rich star W Hya with the Submillimeter Array. The proximity of this star allows us to image its molecular envelope with a spatial resolution of just ~40 AU, corresponding to about 10 times the stellar diameter. We resolve the HCN (3-2) emission and find that it is centrally peaked and has a roughly spherically symmetrical distribution. This shows that HCN is formed in the innermost region of the envelope (within ~10 stellar radii), which is consistent with predictions from pulsation-driven shock chemistry models, and rules out the scenario in which HCN forms through photochemical reactions in the outer envelope. Our model suggests that the envelope decreases steeply in temperature and increases smoothly in velocity with radius, inconsistent with the standard model for mass-loss driven by radiative pressure on dust grains. We detect a velocity gradient of ~5 km s−1 in the northwest-southeast direction over the central 40 AU. This velocity gradient is reminiscent of that seen in OH maser lines, and could be caused by the rotation of the envelope or by a weak bipolar outflow.
An affordable method to obtain cultured endothelial cells from peripheral blood

The culture of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) provides an excellent tool to research on EPC biology and vascular regeneration and vasculogenesis. The use of different protocols to obtain EPC cultures makes it difficult to obtain comparable results in different groups. This work offers a systematic comparison of the main variables of most commonly used protocols for EPC isolation, culture and functional evaluation. Peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals were recovered and mononuclear cells were cultured. Different recovery and culture conditions were tested: blood volume, blood anticoagulant, coating matrix and percentage of foetal bovine serum (FBS) in culture media. The success of culture procedure, first colonies of endothelial cells appearance time, correlation with number of circulating EPC (cEPC) and functional comparison with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were studied. The use of heparin, a minimum blood volume of 30 ml, fibronectin as a coating matrix and endothelial growing media‐2 supplemented with 20% FBS increased the success of obtaining EPC cultures up to 80% of the processed samples while reducing EPC colony appearance mean time to a minimum of 13 days. Blood samples exhibiting higher cEPC numbers resulted in reduced EPC colony appearance mean time. Cells isolated by using this combination were endothelial cell‐like EPCs morphological and phenotypically. Functionally, cultured EPC showed decreased growing and vasculogenic capacity when compared to HUVEC. Thus, above‐mentioned conditions allow the isolation and culture of EPC with smaller blood volumes and shorter times than currently used protocols.
Precautionary Hoarding of Liquidity and Inter-Bank Markets: Evidence from the Sub-Prime Crisis

We study the liquidity demand of large settlement (first-tier) banks in the UK and its effect on the Sterling Money Markets before and during the sub-prime crisis of 2007-08. Liquidity holdings of large settlement banks experienced on average a 30% increase in the period immediately following 9th August, 2007, the day when money markets froze, igniting the crisis. In the UK, unlike in the US until October 2008, the remuneration of reserves accounts provides strong incentives for banks to park liquidity at the central bank rather than lend in the market. We show that following this structural break, settlement bank liquidity had a precautionary nature in that it rose on calendar days with a large amount of payment activity and for banks with greater credit risk. We establish that the liquidity demand by settlement banks caused overnight inter-bank rates to rise and volumes to decline, an effect virtually absent in the pre-crisis period. This liquidity effect on inter-bank rates occurred in both unsecured borrowing as well as borrowing secured by UK government bonds. Further, using bilateral data we show that the effect was more strongly linked to lender risk than to borrower risk.
How Interface ID Allocation Mechanisms are Performed in IPv6

IPv6 addresses contain a 64-bit Interface ID (IID) that is allocated by site administrators. A random IID allows them to reduce the effectiveness of IPv6 reconnaissance attacks. In this paper, we look at how IPv6 IIDs are assigned in practice. In particular, we classify the IPv6 server and client addresses from various trace files. We apply our classification method to a number of datasets to find different regions and different IID allocation schemes. The results show a difference among datasets, and imply that IID allocation differs between regions (as we expected).
Falling from a height injuries in Agriculture: a 8-year experience with 173 samples.

Agriculture is one of the most hazardous sectors in all over the world. Although insufficient data report system, the rate of accidents in agriculture is higher than most of other industries. The most common accidents are those involving vehicles, agricultural equipment/machinery and falls from a height. During the period 2007-2014, 673 “falling from a height” accidents in Bilecik were investigated. More than a quarter of these falls are agriculture-related. Tree quarters of agriculture-related falls from height accidents happen between June and October. About one fifth of falling occurs in June. During the period 72 (41.6%) of agriculture-related falling are from a tree during the fruit-picking, 68 (39.3%) from a tractor or tractor trailer, 16 (9.2%) while trimming a tree and 17 (9.8%) from other causes (falling from agricultural vehicles or ladders, falling from a height during spraying, etc.). There are 8(4.6%) deaths and 46 (26.6%) severe injuries attributable to the agriculture-related falls from height accidents. Males are more likely to die from a fall. Accidental deaths and severe injuries are most frequent in September 12 (22.2%). Most of the incidents are preventable. Potential risk control measures include improving the availability and using of safety equipment, increasing situational awareness and risk perception, and developing safety culture among farmers and their families. This study allows, for the first time, description and analysis of the falls from height accidents in a city sample of Turkish agriculture sector. It is expected that results of this study may contribute to raise awareness about falling from height injuries.
EFFICACY OF NON-SPEECH ORAL MOTOR EXERCISES FOR DELVELOPMENTAL SPEECH SOUND PRODUCTION By

1 This literature review will describe the research associated with the effects of non-speech oral motor exercises (NSOMEs) on speech sound production in children with developmental speech disorders. Much of the available literature discusses the effects of non-speech oral motor exercises on speech and swallowing. The discussion of swallowing is out of the scope of this literature review. Instead, this discussion will concentrate on the efficacy of non-speech oral motor exercises for speech sound production. Additionally, it should be noted that some investigators refer to non-speech oral motor exercises as oral motor, oral-motor, oromotor, or oro-motor exercises. In order to avoid confusion, the acronym NSOMEs will be consistently used in this paper. The underlying goal of this literature review is to provide the reader with a critical analysis of NSOMEs. Furthermore, this paper will discuss what NSOMEs are, who uses them, why they are used, and whether or not they are evidenced based in the field of speech-language pathology (SLP). Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working with children with speech sound disorders may choose from a number of phonetic or phonemic treatment approaches A phonetic treatment approach has been traditionally identified as " traditional " or " motor approach " (Bauman-Waengler, 2008). When SLPs use this type of approach they typically direct the client to position the articulators in a manner in which the sound is considered to be within normal limits (Bauman-Waengler, 2008). Typically, this approach progresses from one error sound to the next and integrates the use of auditory discrimination (Bauman-Waengler, 2008). A phonemic approach typically takes a phonologically based approach to treatment. Fey (1992) listed three basic principles of the phonemic based approach. The first two principles describe how groups of sounds with similar characteristics are targeted along with the use of minimal pair contrasts, in order to ensure that the client is able to differentiate between different phonemic oppositions. The third principle integrates the grouping of sounds and phonemic contrasts and embeds them within a naturalistic communicative context (Fey 1992; Bauman-Waengler, 2008). 3 NSOMEs have been used to address speech sound disorders and appear to have their origins in the phonetic treatment approach (Lof, 2008). However, some authors contest that NSOMEs diverge from phonetic or phonemic treatments altogether, because they target non-speech motor movements and oral postures with the aim of developing motor patterns as a prerequisite for speech sound production (Strode & Chamberlain, 1997). NSOMEs are techniques …
Interaction matters: Strategies to promote engaged learning in an online introductory nutrition course

Fostering interaction in the online classroom is an important consideration in ensuring that students actively create their own knowledge and reach a high level of achievement in science courses. This study focuses on fostering interaction in an online introductory nutrition course offered in a public institution of higher education in Hawai‘i, USA. Interactive features included synchronous discussions and polls in scheduled sessions, and social media tools for sharing of information and resources. Qualitative student feedback was solicited regarding the new course features. Findings indicated that students who attended monthly synchronous sessions valued live interaction with peers and the instructor. Issues identified included technical difficulties during synchronous sessions, lack of participation on the part of fellow students in discussion and inability to attend synchronous sessions due to scheduling conflicts. In addition, few students made use of the opportunity to interact via social media. While students indicated that the interactive components of the course were valuable, several areas in which improvement may be made remain. Future studies may explore potential solutions to issues identified with new features to further promote interaction and foster learning in the course. Recommendations for instructors who are interested in offering online science courses in higher education are provided.
The social epidemiology of coping with infertility.

BACKGROUND To analyse the cross-sectional association between coping responses with infertility and occupational social class. Infertility is evenly distributed across social classes in Denmark, and there is free access to high-quality assisted reproduction technology. METHODS Data were based on a questionnaire in a consecutive sample of 1169 women and 1081 Danish men who were about to begin assisted reproduction treatment. The coping measure was developed from an adaptation of Lazarus and Folkman's Ways of Coping Questionnaire and based on results from interviews with infertile people. The measure was developed in four categories: active-avoidance coping; active-confronting coping; passive-avoidance coping; meaning-based coping. These subscales were later confirmed by factor analysis. Occupational social class was measured in a standardized way. RESULTS Contrary to expectations, the logistic regression analyses showed that women from lower social classes V + VI and men from social classes III + IV used significantly more active-confronting coping. Women from lower social classes V + VI used significantly more meaning-based coping. Both men and women from social classes III - VI used significantly more passive-avoidance coping and significantly less active-avoidance coping. CONCLUSION Due to the significant social differences in coping with infertility, the study suggested that elements of coping may be learned from one's social network and reference group.