Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brothers in blood

Mike van Graan has deservedly gained a reputation as our leading contemporary political playwright - or, if that seems too bald and simplistic a statement, as a playwright who is not afraid to tackle head-on the issues that confront us in the 'new' South Africa. His plays tackle such sensitive issues as corruption, violence, HIV/AIDS, and truth and reconciliation; they reach back to a tradition of politically engaged theatre dating from the 1970s and 1980s. By implication they urge us to guard against amnesia, apathy or cynicism. He has sometimes been accused of allowing the 'message' to dominate, of producing plays that serve as vehicles for dramatising particular positions - rather than providing fully realised dramatic encounters. I would argue that his plays are less programmatic and more interesting than might at first appear, and that they do not always conform entirely to his own description of what he is doing.
Decision-Making Groups Attenuate the Discussion Bias in Favor of Shared Information: A Meta-Analysis

Groups often focus their discussions on information that all members know at the outset. To test how robust the sampling advantage for shared information is, a meta-analysis was conducted. The analysis integrated findings from 20 publications (45 independent effects), in which information sharedness was manipulated. Groups discussed more shared than unshared information overall. However, the observed sampling advantage was smaller than expected. Groups attenuated the discussion bias in particular when they had to choose among a small number of decision alternatives and when they had less than 30 minutes discussion time. Moreover, groups performing a hidden-profile task tended to display a smaller discussion bias than groups performing tasks with equally attractive alternatives.
Mutual Contributions of Individuals, Partners, and Institutions: Planning to Remember in Girl Scout Cookie Sales

This paper argues that planning entails distributed, mutual contributions of individuals, their social partners, and their community institutions. We suggest that these mutually involved contributions can be viewed through shifts in focus of analysis, contrasting with analyses of cognitive development that treat individuals as though they exist apart from their social and cultural worlds. We illustrate this argument with a study examining the distributed nature of planning to remember in a complex everyday task. We investigated the personal, interpersonal, and institutional cognitive contributions of 16 Girl Scouts, their mothers and customers and other companions, and institutions (the national organization and the cookie company) in keeping track of deliveries and planning collection of money in Girl Scout cookie sales and deliveries. The article also discusses an analytic methodology (Functional Pattern Analysis) for abstracting findings from the details of rich ethnographic data. Individual scouts, their mothers, customers, and the scouting organization and cookie company all played significant roles in keeping track of progress. In particular, tools and supports provided by the cookie company played a key role in organizing the cognitive tasks, and the scouts collaborated in planning with other people (usually their mothers and customers). Our findings illustrate the importance of examining contributions beyond those of the individual, while still recognizing the active roles of individuals in thinking. We argue that conceiving of individual, interpersonal, and institutional/cultural contributions as mutually constituting aspects of cognitive activities supports this aim beyond the usual focus on separate individual and ‘external’ factors.
Reducing Aggression in Children with Autism toward Infant or Toddler Siblings

Children with autism often lack appropriate means to communicate and may rely on aggression and other disruptive behaviors to express their needs. This may be a particularly serious problem when aggression occurs toward an infant or toddler, who could be severely injured by an older sibling. This study examined the use of functional assessment and individualized parent-implemented intervention plans in the home setting, including functional communication training with relevant ecological manipulations. Data were collected in the context of a multiple baseline design across three families. The results showed that after the intervention there were: (1) large reductions in the children's aggression toward their infant or toddler sibling, (2) increases in parent and child happiness level, and (3) increases in strangers' level of comfort with respect to interacting with the family. The results are discussed in terms of improving the overall quality of life for families of children with autism.
Institutional Choice and Cooperation in Representative Democracies: An Experimental Approach

This paper examines whether an institution has a differing impact on cooperation if it is introduced by a representative of the affected parties rather than exogenously imposed. The experimental design is able to control for selection effects arising from the democratic policy choice. I find evidence of a large democracy premium in the sense that endogenously implemented institutions lead to more cooperation than iden- tical exogenous institutions. Especially the subjects who initially did not prefer the policy comply if it was brought about by an elected representative. The results have implications for the analysis of decision-making processes and policy recommendations in general.
Neoliberalism and Masculinity

The last decade has seen the growth of knowledge societies within neoliberal economies. As a result, learners are increasingly individualized and expected to be responsible for their learning. The main part of the article uses findings from a study of young masculinities to argue that boys are not free to choose to work toward qualifications but are concerned to manage their everyday school interactions in the context of their complicated, multiple positioning.
Temporal variation and identification of factors associated with endogenous retinoic acid isomers in serum from Brazilian women.

OBJECTIVE Retinoids (natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A) have cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive activities. Retinoic acid (RA) treatment has been associated with significant regression of preneoplastic lesions. However, serious toxicity associated with some therapies has made long-term chemoprevention in healthy populations unfeasible. Recently, serum RA has been shown to increase in response to oral retinol (vitamin A) supplementation. Here, we assess the variability of circulating RA levels and the lifestyle, demographic, and nutritional factors that explain such variability. METHOD Total RA concentration and the concentrations of RA isomers (all-trans-RA, 13-cis-RA, and 9-cis-RA) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography in serum samples obtained 4 months apart from 502 women participating in the Ludwig-McGill Cohort (Sao Paulo, Brazil). RESULTS The relative abundance of the three RA isomers was similar for each visit (baseline and month 4), with 13-cis-RA having the highest concentrations followed by 9-cis-RA and all-trans-RA. The within-person variability of total RA and individual isomers was low. Using multivariate logistic regression models (upper tertile versus low/middle tertile of serum RA), we found that age, race, oral contraceptive use, total number of pregnancies, and season of initial blood draw were significantly associated with at least one endogenous RA isomer level. All endogenous RA isomers were positively associated with serum retinol, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin levels. CONCLUSION These results have implications for the design of future epidemiologic studies focused on assessing RA-disease association and intervention studies aimed at modulating RA levels.
Male and female employees' perceptions of prison work: Is there a difference?

In the descriptions of what employment is like for women working in male prisons, one discovers a notable dissimilarity between qualitative and quantitative research. Reports based upon interviews portray the work environment for women as hostile, where female officers suffer discrimination and harassment. In contrast, the relatively few surveys of attitudes discovered no difference in job satisfaction between men and women. This study attempts to clarify our understanding of the work experience for women working in men's prisons through a broad-based comparison of the survey-reported experiences of women and men employed in the federal prison system. Comparisons are made between opinions about supervision, job satisfaction, sense of personal efficacy in working with inmates, and job-related stress. The only significant differences are that women report greater job-reported stress and feel relatively less safe. The actual magnitude of stress differences is small, however, and although female respondents r.
Antisense oligonucleotides against collagen-binding stress protein HSP47 suppress peritoneal fibrosis in rats.

BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis is a serious complication in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), but the molecular mechanism of this process remains unclear. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is essential for biosynthesis and secretion of collagen molecules, and is expressed in the tissue of human peritoneal fibrosis. In the present study, we examined the effect of HSP47 antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) on the development of experimental peritoneal fibrosis induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). METHODS HSP47 antisense or sense ODNs were injected simultaneously with CG from day 14, after injections of CG alone. Peritoneal tissue was dissected out 28 days after CG injection. The expression patterns of HSP47, type I and type III collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), as a marker of myofibroblasts, ED-1 (as a marker of macrophages), and factor VIII were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In rats treated with CG alone, the submesothelial collagenous compact zone was thickened, where the expression levels of HSP47, type I and type III collagen and alpha-SMA were increased. Marked macrophage infiltration was also noted and the number of vessels positively stained for factor VIII increased in the CG-treated group. Treatment with antisense ODNs, but not sense ODNs, abrogated CG-induced changes in the expression of HSP47, type I and III collagen, alpha-SMA, and the number of infiltrating macrophages and vessels. CONCLUSION Our results indicate the involvement of HSP47 in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis and that inhibition of HSP47 expression might merit further clinical investigation for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients.
An Investigation of Some English Primary School Teachers’ Understanding of the Concepts Force and Gravity

In light of an increased role for conceptual understanding of science in English primary schools, the research reported here investigated the views of force and gravity held by 20 primary teachers, using the ‘interview about instances’ technique. Results are reported in sections dealing with definitions of force; gravity and weight; views of friction; combinations of forces and the concept of a resultant force; reaction forces; force and motion; and finally, the teachers’ use of scientific language. Nearly all of the teachers had views of these concepts that were not in accord with generally accepted scientific interpretations—most held views similar to those of children reported by other researchers. Some implications of the findings are discussed.
Distributed Cognition in Top Management Teams and Organizational Ambidexterity

How can a firm develop, distribute, and use knowledge more effectively and efficiently in ways that increase its ability to pursue an ambidextrous orientation? Synthesizing insights from social cognition and upper-echelons perspectives, we offer a new theoretical vantage point that brings the role of top management teams’ cognitive structure to the fore and, in particular, the enabling influence of transactive memory systems. We argue that transactive memory provides a top management team with a system for generating, distributing, and integrating knowledge based on members’ specific areas of expertise in ways that increase its ability to both differentiate and integrate strategic agendas for ambidexterity. From a multisource study of top management teams in a sample of technology-based small-to-medium-sized firms, we find that while top management teams with well-developed transactive memory systems are able to pursue an ambidextrous orientation, the impact of transactive memory is also shaped by diverse organizational experience and functional expertise within these teams. We discuss the scope and significance of these findings for theory, future research, and managerial practice.
Age Differences in Individuals' Cognitive and Behavioral Moral Functioning Responses in Male Soccer Teams

The purpose of this study was to examine age differences on the cognitive and behavioral components of moral functioning (i.e., moral judgment, moral reasons, moral intention, and actual moral behavior) in soccer players, and to analyze the relationships between cognitive and behavioral components of moral functioning. Ninety-six male players participated in the study; their ages ranged from 8 to 25 years old and they were assigned to one of three age groups. All responded to a questionnaire designed to assess moral judgment, moral reasons, and moral intention. To assess moral behavior, each player was filmed during three games. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant differences in the four variables of interest as a function of age. Results of the multiple regression analysis also indicated that moral judgment and moral intention were significant predictors of moral behavior. These results were then discussed in relation to the “theory of game reasoning” (Shields & Bredemeier, 1995) and the current moral development literature.
The Induction of Newly Qualified Teachers

Previous research evidence (see for example Ballantyne et al., 1995) suggests that some aspects of the induction of Newly Quali ed Teachers (NQTs), such as having supportive mentors in schools, enable NQTs to become effective teachers as well as reducing the stress associated with multiple new professional demands. An Induction year for NQTs was introduced in England (Teaching and Higher Education Act (1998)) and supported by ministerial guidance in Circular 5/99 for Education Authorities, schools and NQTs (DfEE, 1999). In the light of this introduction two questions arise:
Deep sympatric mitochondrial divergence without reproductive isolation in the common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Mitochondrial DNA usually shows low sequence variation within and high sequence divergence among species, which makes it a useful marker for phylogenetic inference and DNA barcoding. A previous study on the common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) revealed two very different mtDNA haplogroups (5% K2P distance). This divergence is comparable to that among many sister species; however, both haplogroups coexist and interbreed in Europe today. Herein, we describe the phylogeographic pattern of these lineages and test hypotheses for how such high diversity in mtDNA has evolved. We found no evidence for mitochondrial pseudogenes confirming that both haplotypes are of mitochondrial origin. When testing for possible reproductive barriers, we found no evidence for lineage-specific assortative mating and no difference in sperm morphology, indicating that they are not examples of cryptic species, nor likely to reflect the early stages of speciation. A gene tree based on a short fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 from the common redstart and 10 other Phoenicurus species, showed no introgression from any of the extant congenerics. However, introgression from an extinct congeneric cannot be excluded. Sequences from two nuclear introns did not show a similar differentiation into two distinct groups. Mismatch distributions indicated that the lineages have undergone similar demographic changes. Taken together, these results confirm that deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages can coexist in biological species. Sympatric mtDNA divergences are relatively rare in birds, but the fact that they occur argues against the use of threshold mtDNA divergences in species delineation.
School leadership in the context of accountability policies

This paper explores the unique implications for leaders of the accountability-driven policy contexts common to schools in many countries at the present time. A four-fold classification of government approaches to educational accountability is used to frame this exploration. These market, decentralization, professionalization and management approaches are each rooted in different assumptions about the basic problems for school reform and the nature of the desirable solutions. The paper reviews both theoretical and empirical literature identifying school leadership practices likely to be productive in response to each of the four approaches to accountability. Discussed as well are the additional challenges facing school leaders arising from the eclectic adoption of different accountability approaches as part of most reform packages. The paper ends with four suggestions for future leadership research aimed at better understanding the important influence of context on leadership practices.
Fatigue and burnout in police officers: the mediating role of emotions

Purpose – The policing profession is associated with psychosocial hazard. Fatigue and burnout often affect police officers, and may impair the functioning of the organization and public safety. The relationship between fatigue and burnout may be modified by job-related emotions. While negative emotions have been extensively studied, the role of positive emotions at work is relatively less known. Additionally, there is insufficient knowledge about the role of the intensity of emotions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of job-related emotions in the relationship between fatigue and burnout in police officers. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 169 police officers (26 women) completed a test battery that assessed acute fatigue, burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: exhaustion and disengagement), and emotions (Job-related Affective Well-being Scale). Findings – Acute fatigue was associated more strongly with exhaustion than with disengagement. Low-arousal negative emotions partially mediate.
Exploring Identity in Muslim Moroccan and Pakistani Immigrant Women

This study presents a qualitative investigation of how Muslim Moroccan and Pakistani female immigrants living in Italy conceptualize their cultural identity. Ten Moroccan and 10 Pakistani (adolescent and adult) women were interviewed through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviewees expressed a strong attachment to their culture of origin: their religion is a crucial aspect of their identity, along with certain cultural rules and traditional values. At the same time, both Moroccan and Pakistani participants were ambivalent toward and experienced difficulties in developing a connection to the host country, although the two groups exhibit their lack of connection to their host country in different ways: Moroccans’ self-representation is marked by a sense of foreignness and by a lack of an emotional connection with places where they are living while Pakistanis tend to express cultural distance and conflict with the host culture’s values. For both the Moroccan and Pakistani groups, the challenge of integration and biculturalism seems demanding in the Italian context and is marked by a deep feeling of emptiness, a lack of an emotional bond with the new country, and a strong cultural ambivalence. Finally, narrative themes are articulated across four interrelated dimensions (cultural, religious, gendered, spatial), revealing interesting differences based on national origin and generation.
How to attract health students to remote areas in Indonesia: a discrete choice experiment.

BACKGROUND Remote areas of Indonesia lack sufficient health workers to meet the health-care needs of the population. There is an urgent need for evidence regarding interventions to attract health workers and specifically health students to serve in remote areas. The aim of this research was to analyze the job preferences of health students to develop effective policies to improve the recruitment and retention of health students in remote areas. METHODS A discrete choice experiment was conducted to investigate health students' preferences regarding job characteristics. This study was conducted in three different regions of Indonesia, with a total included 400 health students. Mixed logit models were used to explore the stated preferences for each attribute. RESULTS Data were collected from 150 medical, 150 nursing and 100 midwifery students. Medical students gave the highest preference for receiving study assistance, while nursing students viewed salary as the most important. Midwifery students valued advanced quality facilities as an important attribute. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the importance of combination interventions in attracting and retaining health workers in remote areas of Indonesia. Money is not the only factor affecting student preferences to take up a rural post; good management and better facilities were viewed as important by all health students. Addressing health student preferences, which are the candidate of future health workforce, would help the nation solve the recruitment and retention issues. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Action and organizational learning in an elevator company

Purpose – To highlight the relevance of management control in action learning programs that aim to foster organizational learning.Design/methodology/approach – Literature review plus case study. The latter consists of archival analysis and multiple interviews.Findings – When action learning programs are built around singular learning experiences, it can be questioned that organizational learning will materialize. This may be overcome by using action learning as a form of management control.Research limitations/implications – The issue whether organizational learning can be achieved by connecting management control and action learning has as of yet not been acknowledged in the action learning literature, even though it is in line with the goals of the approach. Alas, it may be that our results are not easily applicable in other organizations. More research is necessary to assess this.Practical implications – We show that when action learning is used as a form of management control, organizational learning .