Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early prophylaxis/FVIII tolerization regimen that avoids immunological danger signals is still effective in minimizing FVIII inhibitor developments in previously untreated patients – long‐term follow‐up and continuing experience

of 100%. Thus, it is likely that this amino acid substitution might modify fibrinogen function. Cys227 is located in the D domain of fibrinopeptide B and involved in the formation of a disulphide bridge with Cys161 residue of the c chain (Cys227–Cys161). The substitution of cysteine at amino acid position 227 with phenylalanine residue causes the rupture of a disulphide bond, giving rise to an aromatic ring, as shown by a molecular modelling analysis (Figure 1, panel b). In another Italian series previously published by our group [5] among the four afibrinogenemic patients described, three carried an FGA mutation already present in database and 1 novel in the FGG. All showed severe bleeding episodes, requiring treatment with fibrinogen concentrate and/or plasma and blood transfusions. All those patients had clinically important haemorrhagic events. The FGB mutations are quite rare, when compared with the majority found in FGA [6]; they are of a particular interest, because it is well known that the synthesis of the Bb chain is the ratelimiting step in the production of mature protein [7]. Usually missense mutations are not often associated with afibrinogenemia, most of them being associated with hypofibrinogenemia (see http:// www.hgmd.cf.ac.uk/). Thrombotic events occurred in CAF patients who received factor concentrates [8]. However, although Pt1 was taking prophylactic infusions of fibrinogen, his plasma fibrinogen levels were undetectable soon after arterial thromboses. Thrombotic events unrelated to infusions of fibrinogen in such patients have been previously described [9,10] and do not still have an explanation. It has been suggested that, in the absence of fibrinogen, the small traces of thrombin usually formed, remain longer in the circulation as no absorption on circulating fibrinogen occurs [10]. Pt2 showed a spontaneous intracerebral bleeding and carried a substitution (Cys227Phe) in D domain of fibrinopeptide B. The observation of clinical histories of two probands confirms that CAF may go undetected until adulthood. Data from the literature and patients herein presented suggest that a primary prophylactic administration of fibrinogen should be considered with caution. On the contrary, prophylactic doses may be of help in CAF patients after traumatic events to prevent haemorrhagic complications.
Comparative Quantitative Study on Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L.

The variabilities in the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of four varieties of two closely related cultivated Capsicum species, C. annuum and C. frutescens, were examined as an additional tool for establishing their phylogenetic relatedness and for breeding purposes. The methodology involved the use of ethanolic and aqueous extractions for the determination of the phytochemical and antioxidant properties. The phytochemical contents including total flavonoid, total phenol, and proanthocyanidins were evaluated spectrophotometrically while the antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), and phosphomolybdenum assays. To point out the relationship among the varieties, a dendrogram based on the antioxidative phytochemical contents was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPMGA) cluster analysis. In all, aqueous extracts gave higher yield while ethanolic extracts showed higher phytochemical content across the varieties. Significant variations were observed among the varieties in relation to their phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities. Dendrogram obtained from multivariate analysis distinguished the two Capsicum species. The first cluster contained only C. frutescens var. baccatum while the second cluster contained the three varieties of C. annuum species in subclusters, signifying the close genetic affinity among the three varieties. It also revealed that the four varieties are of a common progenitor. Information from this study gives additional evidence of chemotaxonomic significance and baseline data for effective selection of suitable parental genotypes in breeding for nutritional and pharmacological purposes.
Through Boom and Bust: Minorities, Immigrants and Homeownership

The Pew Hispanic Center is a nonpartisan research organization that seeks to improve public understanding of the diverse Hispanic population in the United States and to chronicle Latinos' growing impact on the nation. It does not take positions on policy issues. The center is part of the Pew Research Center, a nonpartisan "fact tank" based in Washington, D.C., and it is funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, a Philadelphia-based public charity. All of the Center’s reports are available at www.pewhispanic. org. The staff of the Center is: Paul Taylor, Director Rakesh Kochhar, Associate Director for Research Mark Hugo Lopez, Associate Director Richard Fry, Senior Research Associate Jeffrey S. Passel, Senior Demographer Gretchen Livingston, Senior Researcher Ana Gonzalez-Barrera, Senior Analyst Daniel Dockterman, Research Assistant Mary Seaborn, Administrative Manager
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Deep Neural Network Considering Verbal and Nonverbal Speech Sounds

Speech emotion recognition is becoming increasingly important for many applications. In real-life communication, non-verbal sounds within an utterance also play an important role for people to recognize emotion. In current studies, only few emotion recognition systems considered nonverbal sounds, such as laughter, cries or other emotion interjection, which naturally exists in our daily conversation. In this work, both verbal and nonverbal sounds within an utterance were thus considered for emotion recognition of real-life conversations. Firstly, an SVM-based verbal/nonverbal sound detector was developed. A Prosodic Phrase (PPh) auto-tagger was further employed to extract the verbal/nonverbal segments. For each segment, the emotion and sound features were respectively extracted based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and then concatenated to form a CNN-based generic feature vector. Finally, a sequence of CNN-based feature vectors for an entire dialog turn was fed to an attentive long short-term memory (LSTM)-based sequence-to-sequence model to output an emotional sequence as recognition result. Experimental results on the recognition of seven emotional states in the NNIME (The NTHU-NTUA Chinese interactive multimodal emotion corpus) showed that the proposed method achieved a detection accuracy of 52.00% outperforming the traditional methods.
A generalized normalized gradient descent algorithm

A generalized normalized gradient descent (GNGD) algorithm for linear finite-impulse response (FIR) adaptive filters is introduced. The GNGD represents an extension of the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm by means of an additional gradient adaptive term in the denominator of the learning rate of NLMS. This way, GNGD adapts its learning rate according to the dynamics of the input signal, with the additional adaptive term compensating for the simplifications in the derivation of NLMS. The performance of GNGD is bounded from below by the performance of the NLMS, whereas it converges in environments where NLMS diverges. The GNGD is shown to be robust to significant variations of initial values of its parameters. Simulations in the prediction setting support the analysis.
Relationship between Poor Immunogenicity of HLA-A2-Restricted Peptide Epitopes and Paucity of Naïve CD8+ T-Cell Precursors in HLA-A2-Transgenic Mice

We examined the immunogenicity of H-2 class I-restricted and HLA-A2-restricted epitopes through peptide immunization of HLA-A2-transgenic mice that also express mouse H-2 class I molecules. All four of the tested epitopes restricted by H-2 class I robustly elicited T-cell responses, but four of seven epitopes restricted by HLA-A2 did not induce T-cell responses, showing that HLA-A2-restricted peptide epitopes tend to be poorly immunogenic in HLA-A2-transgenic mice. This finding was confirmed in HLA-A2-transgenic mice infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing hepatitis C virus proteins. We examined the precursor frequency of epitope-specific naïve CD8+ T cells in HLA-A2-transgenic and conventional C57BL/6 mice and found that the poor immunogenicity of HLA-A2-restricted peptide epitopes is related to the paucity of naïve CD8+ T-cell precursors in HLA-A2-transgenic mice. These results provide direction for the improvement of mouse models to study epitope repertoires and the immunodominance of human T-cell responses.
A genetic algorithm encoding for a class of cardinality constraints

A genetic algorithm encoding is proposed which is able to automatically satisfy a class of important cardinality constraints where the set of distinct values of the design variables must be a subset--of cardinality not exceeding a given value--of a larger set of available items.The solution of the practically important structural optimization problem where the set of distinct values of the design variables must be a small subset of a larger set of commercially available values is used as a test-bed. Very good results have been found in the numerical experiments performed using standard binary encoding and genetic operators.
Variants of the Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 2 Gene Are Not Associated With Coronary Heart Disease in Nondiabetic Subjects and in Patients With NIDDM

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of variants of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) 2 gene with coronary heart disease (CHD) in nondiabetic subjects and in patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional study included 135 nondiabetic and 79 NIDDM subjects with stenosis (>50%) in at least two coronary arteries. A group of 81 healthy nondiabetic men without CHD served as a control population. All exons and intron-exon junctions of the FABP2 gene were amplified with the polymerase chain reaction, and variants were screened with the single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. RESULTS The allele frequency of an amino acid polymorphism (alanine→threonine) in codon 54 of exon 2 of the FABP2 gene was 0.26 in nondiabetic subjects with CHD and 0.27 in NIDDM subjects with CHD. Other variants (GTA 118 GTC, GCGCA→GCACA in the 3'- noncoding region, and the number of ATT repeats in intron 2) also did not associate with CHD. CONCLUSIONS The variants of the FABP2 gene are not likely to contribute to the risk of CHD in Finnish nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects.
RUBY-1: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and tolerability of the novel oral factor Xa inhibitor darexaban (YM150) following acute coronary syndrome

Aims To establish the safety, tolerability and most promising regimen of darexaban (YM150), a novel, oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, for prevention of ischaemic events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods In a 26-week, multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study, 1279 patients with recent high-risk non-ST-segment or ST-segment elevation ACS received one of six darexaban regimens: 5 mg b.i. d. , 10 mg o.d. , 15 mg b.i. d. , 30 mg o.d. , 30 mg b.i. d. , or 60 mg o.d. or placebo, on top of dual antiplatelet treatment. Primary outcome was incidence of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding events. The main efficacy outcome was a composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, systemic thromboembolism, and severe recurrent ischaemia. Results Bleeding rates were numerically higher in all darexaban arms vs. placebo (pooled HR: 2.275; 95% CI: 1.13–4.60, P = 0.022). Using placebo as reference (bleeding rate 3.1%), there was a dose–response relationship (P = 0.009) for increased bleeding with increasing darexaban dose (6.2, 6.5, and 9.3% for 10, 30, and 60 mg daily, respectively), which was statistically significant for 30 mg b.i. d. (P = 0.002). There was no decrease (indeed a numerical increase in the 30 and 60 mg dose arms) in efficacy event rates with darexaban, but the study was underpowered for efficacy. Darexaban showed good tolerability without signs of liver toxicity. Conclusions Darexaban when added to dual antiplatelet therapy after ACS produces an expected dose-related two- to four-fold increase in bleeding, with no other safety concerns but no signal of efficacy. Establishing the potential of low-dose darexaban in preventing major cardiac events after ACS requires a large phase III trial. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00994292
Clinical Development of FGFR3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Urothelial Cancer

The fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) plays critical roles in driving oncogenesis of a subset of patients with urothelial carcinomas (UC). Growing evidence from preclinical studies suggests that FGFR3 inhibition can reduce proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo models of FGFR3-altered UC. Early clinical trials investigating selective FGFR3 inhibitor have reported preliminary signs of antitumor activity in advanced UC patients with selected FGFR3 mutations or fusions. Currently, phase 3 trials with erdafitinib and rogaratinib are enrolling patients with known FGFR3 alterations. Future combinations with targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors may increase the efficacy of selective FGFR3 inhibitors. Herein, we discuss current clinical development of FGFR3 inhibitors as well as unsolved questions with regards to patient selection, management of toxicities and mechanisms of resistance to selective FGFR3
Soil moisture mediates association between the winter North Atlantic Oscillation and summer growth in the Park Grass Experiment

Several aspects of terrestrial ecosystems are known to be associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) through effects of the NAO on winter climate, but recently the winter NAO has also been shown to be correlated with the following summer climate, including drought. Since drought is a major factor determining grassland primary productivity, the hypothesis was tested that the winter NAO is associated with summer herbage growth through soil moisture availability, using data from the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted, UK between 1960 and 1999. The herbage growth rate, mean daily rainfall, mean daily potential evapotranspiration (PE) and the mean and maximum potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD) were calculated between the two annual cuts in early summer and autumn for the unlimed, unfertilized plots. Mean and maximum PSMD were more highly correlated than rainfall or PE with herbage growth rate. Regression analysis showed that the natural logarithm of the herbage growth rate approximately halved for a 250 mm increase in maximum PSMD over the range 50–485 mm. The maximum PSMD was moderately correlated with the preceding winter NAO, with a positive winter NAO index associated with greater maximum PSMD. A positive winter NAO index was also associated with low herbage growth rate, accounting for 22% of the interannual variation in the growth rate. It was concluded that the association between the winter NAO and summer herbage growth rate is mediated by the PSMD in summer.
Overcoming Memory T‐Cell Responses for Induction of Delayed Tolerance in Nonhuman Primates

The presence of alloreactive memory T cells is a major barrier for induction of tolerance in primates. In theory, delaying conditioning for tolerance induction until after organ transplantation could further decrease the efficacy of the regimen, since preexisting alloreactive memory T cells might be stimulated by the transplanted organ. Here, we show that such “delayed tolerance” can be induced in nonhuman primates through the mixed chimerism approach, if specific modifications to overcome/avoid donor‐specific memory T‐cell responses are provided. These modifications include adequate depletion of CD8+ memory T cells and timing of donor bone marrow administration to minimize levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Using this modified approach, mixed chimerism was induced successfully in 11 of 13 recipients of previously placed renal allografts and long‐term survival without immunosuppression could be achieved in at least 6 of these 11 animals.
Dyslipidemias Among Normoglycemic Members of Familial NIDDM Pedigrees

OBJECTIVE To examine the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia among relatives of NIDDM probands will increase the prevalence of DLPs, we measured insulin levels and examined the frequency of DLPs among NIDDM pedigree members. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed 2-h 75-g OGTTs and measured lipid and insulin levels of 287 family members and 86 spouses from 16 large Utah pedigrees ascertained for ≥ 2 siblings with NIDDM. RESULTS One-hour insulin levels were higher among 206 family members with NGT than among 65 NGT spouses (483.3 vs. 361.7 pM, P = 0.05). Among the NGT family members, 32% had cholesterol levels at or above the age- and sex-specific 90th percentile level defined by the LRC studies, 33% had HDL levels ≤ 10th percentile, and 20% had triglyceride levels ≥ 90th percentile. DLP (any of the three abnormalities) was found among 58% of NGT family members, which was significantly higher than the expected 27% (P < 0.00001) and the prevalence among spouses of 45% (P < 0.05). By NCEP criteria for hyperlipidemia, 40% of family members met criteria for diet and/or pharmacological therapy. CONCLUSIONS Normoglycemic members of NIDDM pedigrees have a high prevalence of DLPs, which approaches the prevalence in patients with NIDDM. Our data suggest that members of NIDDM pedigrees should be screened carefully for lipid abnormalities.
Comparison of Channel Estimation Protocols for Coherent AF Relaying Networks in the Presence of Additive Noise and LO Phase Noise

Channel estimation protocols for wireless two-hop networks with amplify-and-forward (AF) relays are compared. We consider multiuser relaying networks, where the gain factors are chosen such that the signals from all relays add up coherently at the destinations. While the destinations require channel knowledge in order to decode, our focus lies on the channel estimates that are used to calculate the relay gains. Since knowledge of the compound two-hop channels is generally not sufficient to do this, the protocols considered here measure all single-hop coefficients in the network. We start from the observation that the direction in which the channels are measured determines (1) the number of channel uses required to estimate all coefficient and (2) the need for global carrier phase reference. Four protocols are identified that differ in the direction in which the first-hop and the second-hop channels are measured. We derive a sensible measure for the accuracy of the channel estimates in the presence of additive noise and phase noise and compare the protocols based on this measure. Finally, we provide a quantitative performance comparison for a simple single-user application example. It is important to note that the results can be used to compare the channel estimation protocols for any two-hop network configuration and gain allocation scheme.
Chemical element balances and identification of air pollution sources.

Air pollution sources of given types, whether natural or man-made, emit a characteristic set of chemical elements in approximately fixed proportions. If the sources in a polluted region are known, the contributions from each source can be estimated by measuring elemental concentrations at a given point and solving a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. The method has been applied to the particulate matter measured in the air of Pasadena over an 11-hr period and averaged over particle size. For the period in question, about 15% of the particulate matter resulted from primary natural sources and 25% from primary man-made sources. About 40% of the total results from atmospheric reactions with one quarter produced by the conversion of gas phase hydrocarbons to particulate form. The estimate for this figure is based on a carbon balance. Altogether, about 70% of the total particulate burden has been accounted for with water probably making up a significant portion of the missing 30%. Improvements and extensions of the method are discussed.
A Comparative Study on Generalization of Semantic Roles in FrameNet

A number of studies have presented machine-learning approaches to semantic role labeling with availability of corpora such as FrameNet and PropBank. These corpora define the semantic roles of predicates for each frame independently. Thus, it is crucial for the machine-learning approach to generalize semantic roles across different frames, and to increase the size of training instances. This paper explores several criteria for generalizing semantic roles in FrameNet: role hierarchy, human-understandable descriptors of roles, semantic types of filler phrases, and mappings from FrameNet roles to thematic roles of VerbNet. We also propose feature functions that naturally combine and weight these criteria, based on the training data. The experimental result of the role classification shows 19.16% and 7.42% improvements in error reduction rate and macro-averaged F1 score, respectively. We also provide in-depth analyses of the proposed criteria.
Major Factors Causing Delay in the Delivery of Manufacturing and Building Projects in Saudi Arabia

There have been many studies done on the causes of delay on construction projects and building projects all around the world. They use different methods, on different geographical areas, and they come up with different results. There are, however, few studies on industrial and building projects. This paper focuses on industrial/manufacturing projects in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this paper is to identify the major causes of delay in the manufacturing projects in Saudi Arabia. The top causes of delay have been identified through a literature survey and interviews with experts from the industrial field in Saudi Arabia. Twenty-two factors have been identified and listed in a survey that was distributed to professionals in the same field. Two categorizations were made: the first is based on the impact of the cause, and the second is based on the frequency of occurrence of the identified cause. It has been found that the top five impacted causes of delay in the delivery of industrial projects in Saudi Arabia are: difficulties in financing project by contractor/manufacturer, late procurement of materials, late delivery of materials, delay in progress payments, and delay in approving design documents, respectively. In terms of frequency, the top five identified causes are: delay in progress payments, difficulties in financing project by contractor/manufacturer, slowness in decision making, late procurement of materials, and delay in approving design documents, respectively. The diversity of the participants is an important point; therefore, the respondents were from different job positions (management, engineering, etc.), and different categories (contractor, owner, manufacturer, consultant, etc.). It is worth noting that this paper serves not only as an authentic study of the causes of delay in the delivery of industrial projects in Saudi Arabia which is a field that is not widely covered, but also as a fresh paper that gives an indication of the changes that happen to the business over time as compared to previous work.