Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraduodenal protein modulates antropyloroduodenal motility, hormone release, glycemia, appetite, and energy intake in lean men.

BACKGROUND Intraduodenal fat and carbohydrate modulate antropyloroduodenal motility and hormone release and suppress appetite and energy intake in a load-dependent manner. Protein also suppresses energy intake, but its effects on these gastrointestinal factors and their role in the appetite-suppressive effects of protein remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the effects of different intraduodenal protein loads on antropyloroduodenal pressures, gastrointestinal hormone release, glucose and insulin concentrations, appetite perceptions, and energy intake. DESIGN Sixteen lean, healthy men were studied on 4 occasions in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Antropyloroduodenal pressures, plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin, peptide YY, ghrelin, blood glucose, serum insulin, and appetite were measured during 60-min, 4-mL/min intraduodenal infusions of protein at 0.5, 1.5, or 3 kcal/min or saline (control). Energy intakes at a buffet lunch consumed immediately after the infusion were quantified. RESULTS Increases in the load of protein resulted in greater suppression of antral motility, greater stimulation of basal and isolated pyloric pressures and plasma cholecystokinin and GLP-1 concentrations, and greater suppression of energy intake. However, energy intake was reduced only after a protein load of 3 kcal/min compared with after all other treatments (P < 0.05). The suppression of energy intake after adjustment for cholecystokinin, GLP-1, and insulin was related inversely with basal pyloric pressure (r = -0.51, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The acute effects of intraduodenal protein on antropyloroduodenal motility, gastrointestinal hormone release, glucose, and insulin are load dependent and contribute to the suppression of energy intake. This trial was registered at www.anzctr. org.au as 12610000376044.
A validity study of the Kinetic school drawing technique

Kinetic School Drawings were obtained from 100 fifth-grade students. The drawings were analyzed along a number of dimensions thought to measure “negative” affect. Significant correlations with academic achievement were found for a number of measures, and the results of a stepwise multiple regression were significant. In general, the study supported the validity of the technique.
Aberrant Expression Levels of MTA1 and RECK in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Association with Metastasis, Recurrence, and Prognosis

Objectives: We investigated the expression and clinical value of MTA1 and RECK genes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: We examined MTA1 and RECK expression in nasopharyngeal tissue from patients with chronic nasopharyngitis, lymph nodes with metastasis of NPC, and primary NPC tumor tissue by means of in situ hybridization and analyzed their correlation with the clinicopathologic features of NPC. Results: The positive expression of MTA1 in the NPC tissues and metastatic lymph nodes was significantly higher than that in the chronic nasopharyngitis tissues (p < 0.05). The positive expression of RECK in the NPC tissues and metastatic lymph nodes was significantly lower than that in the chronic nasopharyngitis tissues (p < 0.05). The RECK expression level was inversely correlated with the MTA1 expression level in the NPC tissues (p < 0.05). The increased MTA1 and decreased RECK expressions in the NPC tissues had no association with gender, age, T-stage, or clinical stage (p > 0.05). However, they had a positive correlation with cervical lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence, and 5-year overall survival rate of the patients with NPC (p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that MTA1 and RECK expressions were independent prognostic factors for survival (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The conversely abnormal expression levels of MTA1 and RECK may be collectively involved in progression of malignancies and may serve as molecular predictors for metastasis, recurrence, and prognosis of NPC.
[Immaturity or hypotrophy? The cord blood leptin levels in preterm and small-for-gestational age neonates].

OBJECTIVES To assess cord blood leptin levels in preterm and small-for-gestational age neonates and determine whether fetal leptin levels correlate with selected clinical parameters associated with prematurity and undernutrition at birth. DESIGN Study of preterm newborns (p-AGA; n = 31) and small-for-gestational age (t-SGA; n = 23) cases in a population of neonates born in Szczecin between September 2001 and June 2002. METHODS Fetal cord blood was sampled after delivery. Leptin levels were measured by RIA. Anthropometric data (birth weight, birth length, head and chest circumferences, body mass index, Ponderal index) were also recorded. RESULTS Cord blood leptin levels did not differ significantly between p-AGA and t-SGA neonates with similar birthweight. Among the two groups of newborns the correlations between fetal leptin and anthropometric data were only observed in p-AGAs, but not in t-SGA group. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that cord blood leptin level depends on body mass rather than maturity of newborn. It is also hypothesized that leptin level in SGA neonates is determined by other than anthropometric parameters used in this study.
Post‐translational modification plays an essential role in the translocation of annexin A1 from the cytoplasm to the cell surface

Annexin A1 (ANXA1) has an important role in cell‐cell communication in the host defense and neuroendocrine systems. In both systems, its actions are exerted extracellularly via membrane‐bound receptors on adjacent sites after translocation of the protein from the cytoplasm to the cell surface of adjacent cells. This study used molecular, microscopic, and pharmacological approaches to explore the mechanisms underlying the cellular exportation of ANXA1 in TtT/GF (pituitary folliculo‐stellate) cells. LPS caused serine‐phosphorylation of ANXA1 (ANXA1‐S27‐PO4) and translocation of the phosphorylated protein to the cell membrane. The fundamental requirement of phosphorylation for membrane translocation was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy on cells transfected with wild‐type or mutated (S27/A) ANXA1 constructs tagged with enhanced green fluorescence protein. The trafficking of ANXA1‐S27‐PO4 to the cell surface was dependent on PI3‐kinase and MAP‐kinase. It also required HMG‐coenzyme A and myristoylation. The effects of HMG‐coenzyme A blockade were overcome by mevalonic acid (the product of HMG‐coen‐zyme A) and farnesyl‐pyrophosphate but not by geranyl‐geranylpyrophosphate or cholesterol. Together, these results suggest that serine‐27 phosphorylation is essential for the translocation of ANXA1 across the cell membrane and also identify a role for isoprenyl lipids. Such lipids could target consensus sequences in ANXA1. Alternatively, they may target other proteins in the signal transduction cascade (e.g., transporters). —Solito, E. , Christian, H. C. , Festa, M. , Mulla, A. , Tierney, T. , Flower, R. J., Buckingham, J. C. Post‐transla‐tional modification plays an essential role in the translocation of annexin A1 from the cytoplasm to the cell surface. FASEB J. 20, E677–E687 (2006)
Worried and Blue: Mild Parental Anxiety and Depression in Relation to the Development of Young Children's Temperament and Behavior Problems

Objective. This study explores relations between mild parental symptoms of anxiety and depression and the temperament and behavior patterns in preschool age children. Design. Parental report and laboratory observations were collected in a community sample (N = 65) of Head Start and other preschool attendees, ages 3-5 years. Results. Mild parental dysphoria is associated with measures of both child temperament and problem behaviors and these child personality measures vary with parental symptomatology. Mild parental depression was diffusely associated with increased levels of both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and with attention and emotion regulatory difficulties in children's temperament. Mild parental anxiety was more circumscribed in its association with child problem behavior but was specifically related to children's temperamental difficulties in attention and emotion regulation. Patterns differentiating association with depression and anxiety symptoms were evident from both parental and observer sources of information. Conclusions. Even mild levels of parental distress may relate to both parental perceptions of child temperament and behavior as well as what is observed by others.
Relationships among constructivist learning environment perceptions, motivational beliefs, self-regulation and science achievement

Background There are attempts to integrate learning environment research with motivation and self-regulation research that considers social context influences an individual’s motivation, self-regulation and, in turn, academic performance. Purpose This study explored the relationships among constructivist learning environment perception variables (personal relevance, uncertainty, shared control, critical voice, student negotiation), motivational beliefs (self-efficacy, intrinsic interest, goal orientation), self-regulation, and science achievement. Sample The sample for this study comprised 802 Grade 8 students from 14 public middle schools in a district of Ankara in Turkey. Design and methods Students were administered 4 instruments: Constructivist Learning Environment Survey, Goal Achievement Questionnaire, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and Science Achievement Test. LISREL 8.7 program with SIMPLIS programming language was used to test the conceptual model. Providing appropriate fit indices for the proposed model, the standardized path coefficients for direct effects were examined. Results At least one dimension of the constructivist learning environment was associated with students’ intrinsic interest, goal orientation, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and science achievement. Self-efficacy emerged as the strongest predictor of both mastery and performance avoidance goals rather than the approach goals. Intrinsic value was found to be significantly linked to science achievement through its effect on self-regulation. The relationships between self-efficacy and self-regulation and between goal orientation and science achievement were not significant. Conclusions In a classroom environment supporting student autonomy and control, students tend to develop higher interest in tasks, use more self-regulatory strategies, and demonstrate higher academic performance. Science teachers are highly recommended to consider these findings when designing their lessons. For the creation of such a learning environment, teachers can design open-ended inquiry activities in which students have opportunities to take responsibility, reflect on their views, and accomplish challenging tasks.
Dentoalveolar Effects of Early Orthodontic Treatment in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate

Abstract No agreement exists on the most appropriate timing of orthodontic treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of early orthodontic treatment on development of the dental arches and alveolar bone. A dental casts analysis was performed on 28 children with cleft lip and palate before orthodontic treatment (T0; mean age, 6.5 ± 1.7) and at the end of active treatment (T1; mean age, 9.2 ± 2.1 years). The considered variables were: intercanine and intermolar distances; dental arch relationships, evaluated according to the modified Huddart/Bodenham system. The study group was divided into 2 samples according to the age at T0: Group A (age < 6 years) and Group B (age ≥ 6 years). A statistical comparison of the treatment effects between the 2 samples was performed. Patients in Group A exhibited a greater increase of intercanine distance (8 mm versus 2.7 mm; P<0.001), intermolar distance (7.2 mm versus 5 mm; P = 0.06), and Huddart/Bodenham score (7.1 versus 3; P < 0.05) when compared with patients in Group B. Early orthodontic treatment strongly improved the dental arch relationship, since subjects starting the therapy before the age of 6 had a better response in terms of anterior maxillary expansion.
Mapping the place knowledge of teachers in training

Abstract The professional knowledge base of student teachers is currently the subject of much debate. Map recall is used in this study as an exemplar of what is at issue in characterising students’ professional knowledge in geography. A sample of 363 postgraduate student teachers were asked to draw a freehand sketch map of the British Isles. The maps were scored in terms of the number and definition of coastal features drawn and the relative area of each of the constituent political units. Significant differences in the map scores were found for gender, undergraduate degree subject and students’ home region. Some of the implications for geography in higher education and teacher training are discussed.
ULTRASPARC-III : Designing Third-Generation 64-Bit Performance

0272-1732/99/$10.00  1999 IEEE The UltraSPARC-III is the third generation of Sun Microsystems’ most powerful microprocessors, which are at the heart of Sun’s computer systems. These systems, ranging from desktop workstations to large, missioncritical servers, require the highest performance that the UltraSPARC line has to offer. The newest design permits vendors the scalability to build systems consisting of 1,000+ UltraSPARC processors. Furthermore, the design ensures compatibility with all existing SPARC applications and the Solaris operating system. The UltraSPARC-III design extends Sun’s SPARC Version 9 architecture, a 64-bit extension to the original 32-bit SPARC architecture that traces its roots to the Berkeley RISC-I processor. Table 1 (next page) lists salient microprocessor pipeline and physical attributes. The UltraSPARC-III design target is a 600-MHz, 70-watt, 19-mm die to be built in 0.25-micron CMOS with six metal layers for signals, clocks, and power.
Wave Propagation in a 2-D Optical Waveguide

In this work, we consider a wave propagation problem in a two-dimensional (2-D) waveguide. The problem arises in the study of light in optical fibers. We construct a transform theory as a framework for studying this problem. An explicit representation for the solution to problems involving light sources is derived. We derive a decay rate for the nonguided part of the solution in the direction of the core. The approach is also amenable to computations, and we demonstrate this in numerical examples for the case of slab waveguides.
Relationship between Oversulfation and Conformation of Low and High Molecular Weight Fucoidans and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Anticancer Activity

Low and high molecular weight fucoidans (F(5-30K) and F(>30K)) were chemically modified through the addition of sulfate groups, and the effect of oversulfation on the in vitro anticancer activity was investigated. After the addition of sulfate groups, a considerable increase of 35.5 to 56.8% was observed in the sulfate content of the F(5-30K) fraction, while the sulfate content of the F(>30K) fraction increased to a lesser extent (from 31.7 to 41.2%). Significant differences in anticancer activity were observed between the oversulfated F(5-30K) and F(>30K) fractions, with activities of 37.3-68.0% and 20.6-35.8%, respectively. This variation in the anticancer activity of oversulfated fucoidan derivatives was likely due to differences in their sulfate content. The results suggest that the molecular conformation of these molecules is closely related to the extent of sulfation in the fucan backbones and that the sulfates are preferably substituted when the fucoidan polymers are in a loose molecular conformation.
Two-dimensional noise-robust blind deconvolution of ultrasound images

This paper presents a new method for 2-D blind homomorphic deconvolution of medical B-scan ultrasound images. The method is based on noise-robust 2-D phase unwrapping and a noise-robust procedure to estimate the pulse in the complex cepstrum domain. Ordinary Wiener filtering is used in the subsequent deconvolution. The resulting images became much sharper with better defined tissue structures compared with the ordinary images. The deconvolved images had a resolution gain of the order of 3 to 7, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) doubled for many of the images used in our experiments. The method gave stable results with respect to noise and gray levels through several image sequences.
Behavioral Resistance of Field-Collected German Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae) to Baits Containing Glucose

German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), collected from a number of field locations, ranging from Florida to South Korea, displayed an avoidance behavior to a bait formulation. Cockroaches collected from locations that had a history of treatment with this formulation demonstrated bait avoidance, whereas laboratory and field strains with no prior exposure ingested and were susceptible to the toxic bait. Thus, behavioral resistance had evolved in these insects. Selection experiments showed that several susceptible strains were potentially capable of developing behavioral resistance. Strains that avoided ingesting bait also displayed an aversion to glucose, which is a component of the bait that is typically phagostimulatory. Substitution of fructose for glucose in toxic baits significantly improved bait efficacy.
Comparison of spontaneous brain activity revealed by regional homogeneity in AQP4-IgG neuromyelitis optica-optic neuritis versus MOG-IgG optic neuritis patients: a resting-state functional MRI study

Objective Many previous studies have demonstrated that neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients have abnormalities of brain anatomy and function. However, differences in spontaneous brain activity between myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG ON and aquaporin 4(AQP4)-neuromyelitis optica-optic neuritis (ON) remain unknown. In the current study, we investigated the brain neural homogeneity in MOG-IgG ON versus AQP4-IgG NMO-ON subjects by regional homogeneity (ReHo) method using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients and methods A total of 32 NMO-ON and ON subjects (21 with AQP4-IgG+NMO-ON and 11 with MOG-IgG+ON) and 34 healthy controls (HCs) closely matched for age were recruited, and scans were performed for all subjects. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the regions in which the ReHo was different across the three groups. NMO-ON and ON subjects were distinguished from HCs by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The relationship between the mean ReHo in many brain regions and clinical features in NMO subjects was calculated by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Compared with HCs, MOG-IgG+ON subjects had significantly decreased ReHo values in the posterior lobe of the left cerebellum and increased ReHo values in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right prefrontal gyrus, and left precentral/postcentral gyrus. AQP4-IgG+NMO-ON subjects showed higher ReHo values in the left inferior frontal gyrus and right middle temporal/occipital gyrus. Compared with MOG-IgG+ON subjects, AQP4-IgG+NMO-ON subjects had lower ReHo values in the posterior lobe of the right cerebellum. AQP4-Ig+NMO-ON subjects showed higher ReHo values in the left precentral/postcentral gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. Conclusion AQP4-IgG+NMO-ON and MOG-IgG+ON subjects showed abnormal synchronized neuronal activity in many brain regions, which is consistent with deficits in visual, motor, and cognitive function. Furthermore, different patterns of synchronized neuronal activity occurred in the AQP4-IgG+NMO-ON and MOG-IgG+ON.
Do journalists believe in gender specificities of news topics? The impact of professionalism and family status

While women have made significant progress in gaining access to the field of journalism over the few past decades, some scholars have noted a persistent tendency for men and women journalists to be assigned to different types of news work, as if some news topics are gender specific, i.e., some news topics can be better handled by men, whereas others can be better handled by women. But do professional journalists themselves perceive news topics to be gender specific? What individual level factors may explain beliefs in the gender specificities of news topics? Drawing on a representative survey of 459 professional journalists in Hong Kong, this article showed that journalists did not treat many types of news stories as gender specific. Women, journalists with a stronger commitment to professional ethics, and single journalists were less likely to believe in gender specificities of news topics. Among women journalists, educational level was related to beliefs in gender specificities. Implications of the findings were also discussed.
A Middle Grade Science Teacher's Emerging Understanding of Project-Based Instruction

This article provides an in-depth examination of 1 middle school science teacher's attempts to understand and enact project-based instruction-a nonprescriptive, nonlinear approach grounded in constructivist theory. The teacher is a member of our research team. We focus on her emerging visions of project-based instruction and describe some of her beliefs about teaching, learning, and the nature of science that influenced her learning to enact project-based instruction. We detail the challenges the teacher faced in enacting 2 projects, as well as the dilemmas she faced as some of her previous beliefs about teaching and learning came into conflict with her emerging understanding of the premises underlying project-based instruction. Throughout, we discuss how the dynamic interplay of collaboration, enactment, and reflection and the teacher's role as a respected collaborator with other teachers and university staff influenced her learning. We suggest that the teacher's role as a collaborator and multiple opportunities for enactment, collaboration, and reflection were major influences on her emerging visions of the features and practice of project-based instruction.
Laparoscopic Port Sites do not Require Fascial Closure when Nonbladed Trocars are Used

The development of nonbladed obturators with integrated stability sleeves allows for creation of a muscle-splitting dilated laparoscopic port site with minimal abdominal wall defects after removal of trocar sleeves. Our objective was to determine the safety of using nonbladed obturators and not closing laparoscopic fascial port sites. Seventy patients underwent various laparoscopic procedures including the following: seven laparoscopic Roux en Y gastric bypasses, 21 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 23 laparoscopic hernia repairs, 10 laparoscopic Nissen fundoplications, two laparoscopic appendectomies, two laparoscopic liver biopsies, one laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, one laparoscopic jejunal resection, one laparoscopic low anterior resection, one laparoscopic splenectomy, and one bedside diagnostic laparoscopy. A total of 180 laparoscopic port sites did not undergo fascial closure involving 110 10- to 12-mm ports. One hundred eighty nonbladed trocars were inserted without complication during laparoscopic surgery. In all cases the nonbladed obturator did not cause bleeding or injure viscera. Upon removal of large laparoscopic ports, the fascial defect was less than 6 to 8 mm, and the muscles of the abdominal wall covered the port site defect. The anterior fascial defect did not line up with the posterior fascial defect after removal of CO2 insufflation. No patients have developed ventral incisional hernias in the postoperative period (median follow-up of 11 months). We conclude that the use of nonbladed laparoscopic trocars is a safe technique with the ability to visualize dissection through the abdominal wall layers to create the smallest port dissection without bleeding or cutting muscle fibers. The ability to split the abdominal wall musculature allows the surgeon to forego closure of the small fascial defect.