Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immune-Mediated Adverse Events Associated with Ipilimumab CTLA-4 Blockade Therapy: The Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Management

Immunomodulation with the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab has been shown to extend overall survival (OS) in previously treated and treatment-naive patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma. Blockade of CTLA-4 signaling with ipilimumab prolongs T-cell activation and restores T-cell proliferation, thus amplifying T-cell-mediated immunity and the patient's capacity to mount an effective antitumor immune response. While this immunostimulation has unprecedented OS benefits in the melanoma setting, it can also result in immune-mediated effects on various organ systems, leading to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Ipilimumab-associated irAEs are common and typically low grade and manageable, but can also be serious and life threatening. The skin and gastrointestinal tract are most frequently affected, while hepatic, endocrine, and neurologic events are less common. With proper management, most irAEs resolve within a relatively short time, with a predictable resolution pattern. Prompt and appropriate management of these irAEs is essential and treatment guidelines have been developed to assist oncologists and their teams. Implementation of these irAE management algorithms will help ensure that patients are able to benefit from ipilimumab therapy with adequate control of toxicities.
The Focus of Attention in Visual Working Memory: Protection of Focused Representations and Its Individual Variation

Visual working memory can be modulated according to changes in the cued task relevance of maintained items. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying this modulation. In particular, we studied the consequences of attentional selection for selected and unselected items, and the role of individual differences in the efficiency with which attention is deployed. To this end, performance in a visual working memory task as well as the CDA/SPCN and the N2pc, ERP components associated with visual working memory and attentional processes, were analysed. Selection during the maintenance stage was manipulated by means of two successively presented retrocues providing spatial information as to which items were most likely to be tested. Results show that attentional selection serves to robustly protect relevant representations in the focus of attention while unselected representations which may become relevant again still remain available. Individuals with larger retrocueing benefits showed higher efficiency of attentional selection, as indicated by the N2pc, and showed stronger maintenance-associated activity (CDA/SPCN). The findings add to converging evidence that focused representations are protected, and highlight the flexibility of visual working memory, in which information can be weighted according its relevance.
Monitoring Design and Characterization of a Variable-Length Piezocomposite Transducer for Structural Health

A modally selective, variable-length anisotropic piezocomposite transducer is designed for guided wave (GW) structural health monitoring applications. The transducer dimensions needed to maximize individual modes are selected based on 3D elasticity models for GW excitation by finite dimensional transducers. This theory is used to determine these transducer dimensions as a function of the wave phase velocity, and normalized by the substrate thickness. The design and fabrication of the transducer are subsequently described, and a set of experimental tests is conducted in pristine isotropic structures to characterize the actuation and sensing performance of the device. It is shown that the transducer dimensions can be tailored to obtain specific symmetric to antisymmetric mode transmission and sensing ratios.
Doing Autoethnography: Facing Challenges, Taking Choices, Accepting Responsibilities

In this article, I address six particular challenges that autoethnographers may face during their journey to understand how culture flows through the self while the self flows through culture. I ask how autoethnographers zoom into personal lives while staying focused on the study of culture, whether they should prefer hard data or soft impressions, to what extent autoethnography can be done collaboratively, whether evocative autoethnography is better than the analytic one, whether we own the stories that we tell in our texts, and in what way autoethnographers are either self-indulged narcissists or self-reflexive and vulnerable scholars. Addressing these challenges, I refer to the existing literature to illuminate the choices that autoethnographers have and to elaborate on the responsibility that they have for others and themselves, alike.
The Role of Intestinal Bacteria Overgrowth in Obesity-Related Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. It is a progressive disorder involving a spectrum of conditions that include pure steatosis without inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. The key factor in the pathophysiology of NAFLD is insulin resistance that determines lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes, which may be followed by lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species and consequent inflammation. Recent studies suggest that the characteristics of the gut microbiota are altered in NAFLD, and also, that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) contributes to the pathogenesis of this condition. This review presents the chief findings from all the controlled studies that evaluated SIBO, gut permeability and endotoxemia in human NAFLD. We also discuss the possible mechanisms involving SIBO, lipid accumulation and development of NASH. The understanding of these mechanisms may allow the development of new targets for NASH treatment in the future.
The Epidemiological Study of Infectious Diseases in North-East of Iran

Background: Despiterecentpharmaceuticaladvancementsintheproductionof newantibiotics,antibioticresistanceisincreasingatanalarming rateinmammals;giventhehighprevalenceof infectiousdiseases. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the epidemiology of diﬀerent infections in patients admitted to the infectious disease ward of ImamRezahospitalinMashhad,North-Eastof Iran. Methods: Thiscross-sectionalstudywasconductedon1681patientsreferredtoImamRezahospitalof Mashhadduring2006-2008. Preparedcheck- lists were used to collect the required data, including age, gender, employment status, place of residence, length of hospitalization and season of admissioninpatientsdiagnosedwithinfectiousdiseases. Results: Inthecurrentstudy,prevalenceof tuberculosis,septicemia,skinandsofttissueinfections,urinarytractinfections(UTIs),febrileneutrope-nia, myocarditis, and gastrointestinal infections were estimated at 8.4%, 8.3%, 7.1%, 5.4%, 4.9%, 3.9%, and 3.8%, respectively. Also, major respiratory infections were reported in 5.8% of the studied patients. Among the female patients in the study, 20.9% and 10.56% were diagnosed with pneumonia and tuberculosis, respectively. As for the male patients, 16.1%, 10.7%, and 7.1% were diagnosed with pneumonia, nervous system infections and tuberculosis,respectively. Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the most common causes of hospital admission were respiratory infections (e.g. pneumonia), nervoussysteminfections,tuberculosis,septicemia,skinandsofttissueinfectionsandUTIs. Consideringthediversityofinfections,epidemiological evaluation of these diseases is essential, especially in regions with high prevalence of infectious diseases. Furthermore, etiological diagnosis is consideredimperativeforcliniciansbeforeinitiatingtherapyinpatientswithinfectiousdiseases.
Effects of Situational Judgment Test Format on Reliability and Validity

Single-response situational judgment tests (SRSJTs) differ from multiple-response SJTs (MRSJTS) in that they present test takers with edited critical incidents and simply ask test takers to read over the action described and evaluate it according to its effectiveness. Research comparing the reliability and validity of SRSJTs and MRSJTs is thus far extremely limited. The study reported here directly compares forms of a SRSJT and MRSJT and explores the reliability, convergent validity, and predictive validity of each format. Results from this investigation present preliminary evidence to suggest SRSJTs may produce internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and predictive validity estimates that are comparable to those achieved with many traditional MRSJTs. We conclude by discussing practical implications for personnel selection and assessment, and future research in psychological science more broadly.
Face two-colourable triangulations of $K_{13}$

Face two-colourable triangular embeddings of complete graphs $K_n$ correspond to biembeddings of Steiner triple systems. Such embeddings exist only if $n$ is congruent to $1$ or $3$ modulo $6$. In this paper we present the number of these embeddings for $n=13$.
Boundary Value Problems for Singular Elliptic Equations

We study the existence of positive solutions to singular elliptic boundary value problems involving the p−Laplace operator. We establish a sub-supersolution theorem and use an eigenfunction of the p−Laplacian to construct suband super-solutions. Our assumptions on the singular term are more relaxed than in some previous papers, even for the case p = 2, as we allow for non-monotone singular terms with blowup controlled by a power. We also allow for a parameter dependent term and study how its growth affects our existence result.
‘I Am Doing a Double Thing. It Is For Me and It Is For Her’

This article draws on 30 interviews conducted with newcomer immigrant and refugee youth in Canada to explore how they make sense of their migration and the consequences these meanings have on how they imagine their future selves. The article is based on the understanding that a key task of any immigrant is to negotiate the experiences of continuity and change indicative of the migration experience—a task that takes on unique contours for young immigrants who are simultaneously negotiating their transitions to adulthood. Analysis of the migration narratives of newcomer youth demonstrates that in making sense of their migration, young migrants draw on the general situation of their country of descent, their experiences of emigration and poignant intergenerational links to construct meaning of their lives in their new country of residence. These meanings orient their social actions and animate their life projects in their new host society.
Avoiding the Look‐Ahead Pathology of Decision Tree Learning

Most decision‐tree induction algorithms are using a local greedy strategy, where a leaf is always split on the best attribute according to a given attribute‐selection criterion. A more accurate model could possibly be found by looking ahead for alternative subtrees. However, some researchers argue that the look‐ahead should not be used due to a negative effect (called “decision‐tree pathology”) on the decision‐tree accuracy. This paper presents a new look‐ahead heuristics for decision‐tree induction. The proposed method is called look‐ahead J48 ( LA‐J48) as it is based on J48, the Weka implementation of the popular C4.5 algorithm. At each tree node, the LA‐J48 algorithm applies the look‐ahead procedure of bounded depth only to attributes that are not statistically distinguishable from the best attribute chosen by the greedy approach of C4.5. A bootstrap process is used for estimating the standard deviation of splitting criteria with unknown probability distribution. Based on a separate validation set, the attribute producing the most accurate subtree is chosen for the next step of the algorithm. In experiments on 20 benchmark data sets, the proposed look‐ahead method outperforms the greedy J48 algorithm with the gain ratio and the gini index splitting criteria, thus avoiding the look‐ahead pathology of decision‐tree induction.
Synaptic elimination and the complement system in Alzhaimer's disease

The mechanisms behind Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are largely unknown. The disease is to a large extent hereditary, and the best pathophysiological correlate to the severity of the symptoms is loss of synapses. The general aim of this thesis was to examine the hypothesis that AD is primarily a synaptic disease – with an emphasis on complement-mediated elimination of synapses. Animal models of AD have shown that long-term potentiation (LTP) of synapses is inhibited by beta amyloid (Aβ). LTP is considered to be a physiological correlate to learning and memory, and Aβ is a peptide that constitute the extracellular plaques that characterise AD. The Aβ induced inhibition of LTP has been shown to be dependent on the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). In the present thesis I present results that suggest an association of a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding RAGE with diagnosis of AD. Thus linking the synapse related pathophysiology observed in animal models, to human patients with AD. During development, synapses in the retinogeniculate system and the sensorimotor cortex of mice are eliminated in a complement mediated manner. Since AD pathology primarily affects the hippocampus, we sought to investigate whether the complement system mediates elimination of hippocampal synapses as well. Indeed, by use of complement component 3 (C3) deficient mice, electrophysiological, histological, molecular and behavioural methods, we obtained results that suggest this for a fact. Considering the importance of synapse loss in AD we decided to measure the levels of the complement proteins C3, complement component 4 (C4), complement factor B (CFB) and complement receptor 1 (CR1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with various degrees of AD. The results showed a trend towards increased complement levels in AD patients. This association, however, was too weak to be of diagnostic value. Nevertheless it supports the notion of complement involvement in AD. Next we hypothesised that genetic variation in genes encoding complement proteins could potentially be associated with diagnosis of AD. Therefore, we investigated SNPs in the complement genes CR1, C3, CFB, and the second complement component (C2). Although no such associations were found, we did, however, find an association of C2/CFB SNPs with measures of cognitive function (MMSE) and neuronal damage (tau) in AD patients, thus lending further support for the hypothesis of complement mediated synaptic elimination in AD. I conclude that several lines of evidence suggest that AD might very well be the result of aberrant complement regulation, with improper synaptic elimination as a consequence. Precise knowledge about the mechanisms underlying AD is of great value to research into accurate diagnostic methods and treatments, thus, further research on the subject of synapse elimination in AD is warranted.
Collaboration Perspectives for Folk Song Research and Music Information Retrieval: The Indispensable Role of Computational Musicology

in the questions of FSR. However, very few CM and MIR studies take the particularities of orally transmitted melodies into account. Aims. Better collaboration between MIR, CM and FSR (or Musicology in general) will enrich Musicology with new methods to study existing problems and MIR with better understanding of music. Main contribution. By surveying relevant achievements of the disciplines, we show a gap between MIR and FSR. To bridge that gap we provide promising directions for research based on current developments, as well as a collaboration model in which CM serves as an intermediate between FSR and MIR. Implications. MIR should go beyond provided ‘ground truth’ data in implementing and testing models that generated those ground truths. The concepts used in folk song research, ‘tune family’ in particular, should be modelled, providing MIR a musically informed implementable model and FSR an enriched understanding of those concepts.
PENGARUH KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. MITRA PERMATA SARI

Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja kerja karyawan pada PT. Mitra Permata Sari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif yaitu prosedur pemecahan masalah yang diselidiki dengan menggambarkan atau melukiskan keadaan atau objek penelitian pada saat sekarang yang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang nampak atau sebagaimana adanya. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan kuesioner, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Teknik analisa data adalah dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, analisa regresi linear sederhana dan pengujian hipotesis Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan komitmen organisasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja kerja karyawan pada PT. Mitra Permata Sari. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari uji t yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung variabel komitmen organisasi 14,09 < nilai ttabel 2,01. Koefisien regresi ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap kenaikan komitmen organisasi kerja sebesar 1 satuan, maka perubahan kinerja kerja yang dilihat dari nilai Y akan bertambah sebesar 0,997 dengan asumsi variabel lain dianggap tetap. Dengan demikian, secara parsial komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif dengan tingkat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja kerja karyawan pada PT. Mitra Permata Sari. Berdasarkan uji Determinan, nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,792. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan variabel komitmen organisasi (X) menjelaskan pengaruhnya terhadap variabel kinerja karyawan (Y) pada PT. Mitra Permata Sari sebesar 79,2%. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 20,8% merupakan pengaruh dari variabel bebas lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Kata Kunci : Komitmen Organisasi, Kinerja Karyawan
Understanding Human Navigation Using Network Analysis

We have considered a simple word game called the word-morph. After making our participants play a stipulated number of word-morph games, we have analyzed the experimental data. We have given a detailed analysis of the learning involved in solving this word game. We propose that people are inclined to learn landmarks when they are asked to navigate from a source to a destination. We note that these landmarks are nodes that have high closeness-centrality ranking.
Brazilian License Plate Detection Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Sliding Windows

Due to the increasingly need for automatic traffic monitoring, vehicle license plate detection is of high interest to perform automatic toll collection, traffic law enforcement, parking lot access control, among others. In this paper, a sliding window approach based on Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features is used for Brazilian license plate detection. This approach consists in scanning the whole image in a multiscale fashion such that the license plate is located precisely. The main contribution of this work consists in a deep study of the best setup for HOG descriptors on the detection of Brazilian license plates, in which HOG have never been applied before. We also demonstrate the reliability of this method ensured by a recall higher than 98% (with a precision higher than 78%) in a publicly available data set.
Perceptions about fleeing religious persecution and entrance to the US

ABSTRACT Using four vignettes to study attitudes toward religious persecution, a woman or man aged 22 or 68 came to the US with no supporting documentation. A General Linear Model analysed the 12 items for each vignette. Three items were significant among the vignettes: “All immigration policies and laws should be observed even if it means that M may not be granted permission to stay”; “M’s gender might be an indicator that M wishes to do harm to the US and its citizens” and “M should be deported because s/he entered the country illegally. ” Gender and age impact these perceptions.
Constraints on the Geometry of Circumstellar Envelopes: Optical Interferometric and Spectropolarimetric Observations of Seven Be Stars

We have obtained contemporaneous optical interferometry and spectropolarimetry of seven Be stars. The interferometry was done using both continuum and narrow Hα line filters to observe the circumstellar envelope emission. The envelopes of all seven stars were resolved interferometrically in Hα. Of these seven stars, the envelopes of four were not circularly symmetric and showed clear evidence of elongation. The position angles of the major axis of the elongation were in good agreement with the disk orientation inferred from the intrinsic polarization data, which samples material within a few stellar radii, and also agreed with previous results from the radio, which samples material out as far as 100 stellar radii but at lower resolution. This finding indicates that the envelope alignment persists over 2 orders of magnitude in radius. Minimum inclination angle estimates from the interferometry are presented for six of the seven stars. Under the assumption that the envelopes are fairly thin circularly symmetric disks, there is a straightforward explanation of the interferometric results. The stars with the greatest elongations, ζ Tau, ϕ Per, and ψ Per, are seen nearly equator-on; γ Cas is seen at a more intermediate latitude, consistent with previous results; and 48 Per and η Tau, which are only slightly asymmetric, are nearly pole-on. β CMi had insufficient coverage to determine whether its envelope is asymmetric. These results are consistent with independent indications of the inclinations based on the polarimetry. Spectral diagnostics have been used in the past to classify Be stars as pole-on or as shell stars (usually interpreted to indicate an equator-on orientation). Our inclination angle for 48 Per is consistent with its pole-on classification by Slettebak, and the three equator-on stars have all been previously classified as shell stars. However, both γ Cas and η Tau have also been previously classified as shell stars, but we find that they have intermediate and pole-on orientations, respectively. We interpret this finding as evidence that, while equator-on stars may preferentially be shell stars, not all shell stars are actually equator-on. Our results show that the Hα emission region extends up to about 12 stellar radii, possibly depending on spectral type. The size of this region correlates with the equivalent width of the Hα emission. Our results also provide strong constraints for allowed models of Be star envelopes. In particular, for ζ Tau, we derive an upper limit to the disk opening angle of 20°, which limits the vertical extent of the envelope. We also find that the polarization position angle is perpendicular to the interferometric major axis in all cases. This rules out envelope models that are both optically and geometrically thick, since these models produce polarization parallel to the plane of the disk. We conclude that results from the combined interferometry and polarimetry strongly favor the disk paradigm for Be stars over mildly ellipsoidal models.