Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of a breast cancer risk prediction model developed for Black women.

BACKGROUND A breast cancer risk prediction model for black women, developed from data in the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences (CARE) study, has been validated in women aged 50 years or older but not among younger women or for specific breast cancer subtypes. METHODS We assessed calibration and discrimination of the CARE model in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS) with data from 45 942 women aged 30 to 69 years at baseline. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 9.5 years, we identified 852 invasive breast cancers. The CARE model predicted 749.6 breast cancers, yielding an expected-to-observed (E/O) ratio of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82 to 0.94). The E/O ratio did not appreciably differ between women aged less than 50 years and those aged 50 years or older. The model underpredicted risk to the greatest degree among women aged 25 years or older at birth of first child (E/O = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.81); the model was well calibrated among women aged less than 25 years at birth of first child. The prevalence of later age at birth of first child was higher in the BWHS than in the CARE study, and breast cancer incidence was higher in the BWHS compared with national rates used in the CARE model. With respect to discriminatory accuracy, the concordance statistic was 0.57 (95% CI = 0.55 to 0.59) for breast cancer overall, 0.59 (95% CI = 0.57 to 0.61) for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, and 0.54 (95% CI = 0.50 to 0.57) for ER-negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The CARE model underpredicted breast cancer risk in the BWHS, at least in part because of older age at first birth in this cohort, which led to higher breast cancer incidence rates. Our results suggest that inclusion of age at first birth may improve model performance. Discriminatory accuracy was modest and worse for ER-negative breast cancer.
Periodic transfers in mobile applications: network-wide origin, impact, and optimization

Cellular networks employ a specific radio resource management policy distinguishing them from wired and Wi-Fi networks. A lack of awareness of this important mechanism potentially leads to resource-inefficient mobile applications. We perform the first network-wide, large-scale investigation of a particular type of application traffic pattern called periodic transfers where a handset periodically exchanges some data with a remote server every t seconds. Using packet traces containing 1.5 billion packets collected from a commercial cellular carrier, we found that periodic transfers are very prevalent in today's smartphone traffic. However, they are extremely resource-inefficient for both the network and end-user devices even though they predominantly generate very little traffic. This somewhat counter-intuitive behavior is a direct consequence of the adverse interaction between such periodic transfer patterns and the cellular network radio resource management policy. For example, for popular smartphone applications such as Facebook, periodic transfers account for only 1.7% of the overall traffic volume but contribute to 30% of the total handset radio energy consumption. We found periodic transfers are generated for various reasons such as keep-alive, polling, and user behavior measurements. We further investigate the potential of various traffic shaping and resource control algorithms. Depending on their traffic patterns, applications exhibit disparate responses to optimization strategies. Jointly using several strategies with moderate aggressiveness can eliminate almost all energy impact of periodic transfers for popular applications such as Facebook and Pandora.
A REVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS ON NANO/MICRO SCALE NUCLEATE BOILING FUNDAMENTALS

Recent research progress in the area of nano/micro scale nucleate boiling is reviewed and an up-to-date summary is provided with a focus on the advances of fundamental boiling physics. This review examines nano/micro scale pool boiling experimental and theoretical/numerical work reported in the open literature. On the experimental side, the topics covered are moving contact line, critical heat flux, boiling curve, nucleation, single bubble boiling cycle, bubble coalescence boiling cycle, heater size effect, nanofluid, and nanoscale-structured heater surface. For the theoretical/numerical work, continuum mechanics modeling of the micro-region and molecular dynamics modeling of the nano-region are included.
Implementation and evaluation of SDPA 6.0 (Semidefinite Programming Algorithm 6.0)

SDP (SemiDefinite Programming) is one of the most attractive optimization models. It has many applications from various fields such as control theory, combinatorial and robust optimization, and quantum chemistry. The SDPA (SemiDefinite Programming Algorithm) is a software package for solving general SDPs based on primal-dual interior-point methods with the HRVW/KSH/M search direction. It is written in C++ with the help of LAPACK for numerical linear algebra for dense matrix computation. The purpose of this paper is to present a brief description of the latest version of the SDPA and its high performance for large scale problems through numerical experiments and comparisons with some other major software packages for general SDPs.
Effects of cholinergic manipulations in the medial prefrontal cortex on cardiac chronotropic reactivity

Consistent with its putative anxiogenic effects, the benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist FG 7142 has previously been shown to enhance the defensive-like cardioacceleratory response to an acoustic probe stimulus. This FG-induced response potentiation appears to be mediated by a basal forebrain cholinergic mechanism. The present studies addressed the relevant projection sites o f the basal forebrain underlying this effect, and tested the hypothesis that the medial prefrontal cortex may be a critical target site. Results supported this hypothesis. Medial prefrontal, and not lateral prefrontal or basolateral amygdalar, carbachol infusions mimicked the response potentiating effects o f FG 7142 administration. This effect was blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. These findings suggest that cholinergic activation o f the medial prefrontal cortex is sufficient to enhance the cardioacceleratory defensive-like response. Additional studies further demonstrated that cholinergic blockade or cholinergic-specific lesions o f the medial prefrontal cortex can block the response potentiating effects o f FG. These findings indicate that a cholinergic mechanism o f the medial prefrontal cortex is necessary for the response potentiating effects o f FG.
Hypertension in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients is Associated with Increases in Insulin Resistance and IL-6 Cytokine Levels: Potential Targets for an Efficient Preventive Intervention

Increased body weight as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are found to be associated with increased incidence of hypertension, although the mechanisms facilitating hypertension in T2D or nondiabetic individuals are not clear. Therefore, in this study we compared the levels of insulin resistance (IR:OGIS), plasma insulin (PI:RIA) levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α: ELISA), being risk factors previously found to be associated with hypertension, in T2D patients showing increased body weight (obese and overweight, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) with hypertension (group A, N = 30), or without hypertension (group B, N = 30), and in nonobese (BMI < 25 kg/m2), normotensive controls (group C, N = 15). We found that OGIS index was the lowest (A: 267 ± 35.42 vs. B: 342.89 ± 32.0, p < 0.01) and PI levels were the highest (A: 31.05 ± 8.24 vs. B: 17.23 ± 3.23, p < 0.01) in group A. In addition, IL-6 levels were higher in group A (A: 15.46 ± 5.15 vs. B: 11.77 ± 6.09; p < 0.05) while there was no difference in TNF-α levels. Our results have shown that appearance of hypertension in T2D patients with increased body weight was dependent on further increase in IR which was associated with the rise in pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine. The results imply that lifestyle intervention aimed to decrease IR might be beneficial in reducing the risk for hypertension in those T2D individuals.
The heart in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: early detection of contractile performance alteration

Progressive cardiomyopathy is a major cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Coupling between Ca2+ handling and contractile properties in dystrophic hearts is poorly understood. It is also not clear whether developing cardiac failure is dominated by alterations in Ca2+ pathways or more related to the contractile apparatus. We simultaneously recorded force and Ca2+ transients in field‐stimulated papillary muscles from young (10–14 weeks) wild‐type (wt) and dystrophic mdx mice. Force amplitudes were fivefold reduced in mdx muscles despite only 30 % reduction in fura‐2 ratio amplitudes. This indicated mechanisms other than systolic Ca2+ to additionally account for force decrements in mdx muscles. pCa‐force relations revealed decreased mdx myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity. ‘In vitro’ motility assays, studied in mdx hearts here for the first time, showed significantly slower sliding velocities. mdx MLC/MHC isoforms were not grossly altered. Dystrophic hearts showed echocardiography signs of early ventricular wall hypertrophy with a significantly enlarged end‐diastolic diameter ‘in vivo’. However, fractional shortening was still comparable to wt mice. Changes in the contractile apparatus satisfactorily explained force drop in mdx hearts. We give first evidence of early hypertrophy in mdx mice and possible mechanisms for already functional impairment of cardiac muscle in DMD.
Evaluating self-generated information: anterior prefrontal contributions to human cognition.

The anterior or rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) is frequently recruited during complex cognitive tasks across a wide range of domains, including reasoning, long-term memory retrieval, and working memory. The authors report an event-related functional MRI study, indicating that the RLPFC is specifically involved in the evaluation of internally generated information--or information that cannot be readily perceived from the external environment but has to be inferred or self-generated. The findings are consistent with a hierarchical model of lateral prefrontal organization, with RLPFC contributing only at the highest orders of cognitive transformations. This characterization of RLPFC function may help explain seemingly disparate findings across multiple cognitive domains and could provide a unified account of this region's contribution to human cognition.
Identification of a Mg2+-sensitive ORF in the 5′-leader of TRPM7 magnesium channel mRNA

TRPM7 is an essential and ubiquitous channel-kinase regulating cellular influx of Mg2+. Although TRPM7 mRNA is highly abundant, very small amount of the protein is detected in cells, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of trpm7 gene expression. We found that TRPM7 mRNA 5′-leader contains two evolutionarily conserved upstream open reading frames that act together to drastically inhibit translation of the TRPM7 reading frame at high magnesium levels and ensure its optimal translation at low magnesium levels, when the activity of the channel-kinase is most required. The study provides the first example of magnesium channel synthesis being controlled by Mg2+ in higher eukaryotes.
Residential Demand Response program design: Engineering and economic perspectives

There exists disagreement on how Demand Response (DR) programs should be designed. This is likely because people from different fields view DR differently. For example, some see DR as a mechanism to improve the economic efficiency of electricity markets while others see it as a new control variable that can enhance power system reliability and security. In this paper, we review the many options for harnessing residential electric loads for DR and consider the engineering and economic implications associated with three specific cases: (1) real time pricing, (2) dispatch-based control via an aggregator participating in wholesale markets, and (3) direct participation in energy markets. We develop both the engineering and the economic arguments for/against each option, and analyze them together in order to understand which options are most suitable for which applications. We find that the appropriate choice of DR program design depends on the DR program objective. Economic goals may be achieved through well-designed pricing and/or bidding mechanisms. Reliability is best achieved through dispatched-based programs. We illustrate our findings with several conceptual examples.
Translation, validation and comparison of three behavioural pain assessment tools for patients who cannot communicate verbally

s were reviewed and articles were selected if they addressed objective pain observation in critically ill adult patients. Studies or reports that focused on the neonatal/paediatric population, older patients with dementia, chronic pain, palliative care, and outpatient and/or community settings were excluded. To explore additional relevant articles, this review used the “related articles option” offered by the databases to generate a cumulative list of articles. On the rare 135 potentially relevant articles CINAHL 37 Academic Search Elite 15 EMBASE 11 Science Citation Index 35 Medline 21 References from articles 2 ScienceDirect 14 39 excluded 23 duplicates 11 without full text / abstract 5 Non English / Non-Chinese 74 excluded 50 without test of pain scale 16 designed for non-adult 8 review papers 96 selected papers for full-text review Total 22 Validation studies
A-optimal chemical balance weighing design under certain condition

The paper is studying the estimation problem of individual weights of \(p\) objects using the design matrix \(\mathbf{X}\) of the A-optimal chemical balance weighing design under the restriction \(p_1 + p_2 = q \leq p\), where \(p_1\) and \(p_2\) represent the number of objects placed on the left pan and on the right pan, respectively, in each of the measurement operations. The lower bound of \(\mathrm{Tr}(\mathbf{X}^{\prime}\mathbf{X})^{-1}\) is attained and the necessary and sufficient conditions for this lower bound to be obtained are given. There are given new construction methods of the A-optimal chemical balance weighing designs based on incidence matrices of the balanced bipartite weighing designs and the ternary balanced block designs.
The visual perception of the ant Myrmica ruginodis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Myrmica ruginodis workers are able to distinguish black or white circles from black or white squares, black or white ellipses from black or white rectangles as well as hollow circles or ellipses from hollow squares or rectangles. They can also distinguish differently oriented elements as well as objects containing a various number of elements. These workers are also able to perceive and discriminate transparent cues on a black background and even small luminous spots on a black ceiling. Such visual abilities are in agreement with the species’ eye morphology and system of navigation: the eyes are rather large with a well-developed posterio-dorsal part, and the foragers rely exclusively on cues located above them, neglecting odorous elements as long as visual perception is possible. Probably, they might use cues located in the canopy and the sky to travel in certain circumstances.
Three Isoforms of Synaptic Scaffolding Molecule and Their Characterization

The synaptic scaffolding molecule (S-SCAM) has been identified as a protein interacting with SAP90/PSD-95-associated protein (SAPAP) (also called guanylate kinase-associated protein/hDLG-associated protein). S-SCAM has six PDZ (we have numbered them PDZ-0 to -5), two WW, and one guanylate kinase (GK) domains and interacts withN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor via PDZ-5 and SAPAP via the GK domain. We have identified here shorter isoforms of S-SCAM that start at the 164th or 224th methionine, and we renamed the original one, S-SCAMα, the middle one, S-SCAMβ, and the shortest one, S-SCAM-γ. S-SCAMβ and -γ have five PDZ (PDZ-1 to -5), two WW, and one GK domains. S-SCAMα interacted with S-SCAMβ and -γ through the region containing PDZ-4 and -5. The region containing both of PDZ-4 and -5 is sufficient for the clustering of NMDA receptors and forms a dimer in gel filtration, suggesting that S-SCAM forms multimers via the interaction between the C-terminal PDZ domains and assembles NMDA receptors into clusters. S-SCAMβ and -γ also interacted with SAPAP, suggesting that the N-terminal region of the GK domain is not necessary for the interaction. Finally, we have identified the interaction of the PDZ domains of S-SCAM with the GK domain of PSD-95/SAP90. S-SCAM, PSD-95/SAP90, and SAPAP are colocalized at least in some part in brain. Therefore, S-SCAM, PSD-95/SAP90, and SAPAP may form a complex in vivo.
Involvement of CmWRKY10 in Drought Tolerance of Chrysanthemum through the ABA-Signaling Pathway

Drought is one of the important abiotic factors that adversely affects plant growth and production. The WRKY transcription factor plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development, as well as in the elevation of many abiotic stresses. Among three major groups of the WRKY family, the group IIe WRKY has been the least studied in floral crops. Here, we report functional aspects of group IIe WRKY member, i.e., CmWRKY10 in chrysanthemum involved in drought tolerance. The transactivation assay showed that CmWRKY10 had transcriptional activity in yeast cells and subcellular localization demonstrated that it was localized in nucleus. Our previous study showed that CmWRKY10 could be induced by drought in chrysanthemum. Moreover, the overexpression of CmWRKY10 in transgenic chrysanthemum plants improved tolerance to drought stress compared to wild-type (WT). High expression of DREB1A, DREB2A, CuZnSOD, NCED3A, and NCED3B transcripts in overexpressed plants provided strong evidence that drought tolerance mechanism was associated with abscisic acid (ABA) pathway. In addition, lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher enzymatic activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in CmWRKY10 overexpressed lines than that of WT demonstrates its role in drought tolerance. Together, these findings reveal that CmWRKY10 works as a positive regulator in drought stress by regulating stress-related genes.
A Longitudinal Study of Dynamic Risk, Protective Factors, and Criminal Recidivism: Change Over Time and the Impact of Assessment Timing

Risk assessment and risk management are central to most decisions made about offenders, particularly when considering community release after a period of incarceration. Although the field of risk assessment has progressed considerably, there remain limitations within current practices. The present research uses a variety of sophisticated statistical techniques to examine the systematic assessment and reassessments of risk in a large sample (N = 3498) of New Zealand parolees. The validity of the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR), a measure of dynamic risk and protective factors, was assessed across time in all offenders released on parole. The measure demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, although future research should seek to refine the subscales as suggested by its factor structure. Beyond validating the DRAOR, this study showed that reconvictions and criminal reconvictions during a two-year follow-up period can be accurately predicted from dynamic risk factors and protective factors (as measured by the DRAOR). Stable and acute dynamic risk scores decreased over time while protective factor scores increased, suggesting that the DRAOR is sensitive to change. Recidivists differed from non-recidivists in stable dynamic risk and protective factors in the month prior to follow-up end and in acute dynamic risk in the second month prior to follow-up end. Reconvictions were accurately predicted from monthly average Stable Risk beginning at parole start and continuing for 12 months of assessments, while Protective Factors were predictive for the first 4 months only. These results indicate that the DRAOR has promise as a valid tool for risk assessment and risk management. The findings of this study highlight the mechanisms by which risk changes over time and provides support for a transitional model of offender re-entry focusing on dynamic risk and protective factors.
Applying Testing to Requirements Inspection for Software Quality Assurance

eveloping software systems involves a series of activities where there are many opportunities to make errors. Such errors may occur at an early stage of the development process where user requirements are incorrectly or incompletely specified, and also in subsequent stages when design and programming faults are introduced. Thus, software development should always be accompanied by quality assurance (QA) activities. Two common QA activities are requirements inspection and software testing (otherwise simply known as testing), which are often used in different phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC) 14 . Traditionally, requirements inspection is performed at an early stage of SDLC to reveal defects in a requirements specification (thereafter simply referred to as a specification). On the other hand, testing is commonly done at a later stage of SDLC to look for program faults after coding. Because their purposes are different, requirements inspection and testing are often treated as “separate” and “unrelated” tasks by software practitioners. In recent years, many researchers have proposed to apply testing techniques to requirements
CURFIL: Random Forests for Image Labeling on GPU

Random forests are popular classifiers for computer vision tasks such as image labeling or object detection. Learning random forests on large datasets, however, is computationally demanding. Slow learning impedes model selection and scientific research on image features. We present an open-source implementation that significantly accelerates both random forest learning and prediction for image labeling of RGB-D and RGB images on GPU when compared to an optimized multi-core CPU implementation. We use the fast training to conduct hyper-parameter searches, which significantly improves on previous results on the NYU Depth v2 dataset. Our prediction runs in real time at VGA resolution on a mobile GPU and has been used as data term in multiple applications.