Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of various dietary n-3 / n-6 fatty acid ratios on the performance and body composition of broilers

Different combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were fed to broilers to establish their effect on the fatty acid composition of the broiler carcass and the abdominal fat pad. Six combinations of Canola acid oil (CAO, high levels of C18:3n-3 and monounsaturated fatty acids) and Famarol acid oil (FAO, high levels of C18:2n-6 and saturated fatty acids) were included in the broiler diets from one day of age to six weeks of age, viz. 100% FAO, 80% FAO-20% CAO, 60% FAO-40% CAO, 40% FAO-60% CAO, 20% FAO-80% CAO, 100% CAO. There were no statistically significant differences between dietary groups in weight gain (1.71 ± 0.059 kg) or feed conversion ratios (1.97 ± 0.051 g feed/g gain). No significant differences between treatments were found in the moisture (66.20 ± 0.112%), protein (17.63 ± 0.484%), lipid (15.92 ± 1.507%) and ash (0.95 ± 0.115%) concentration of the carcasses, nor in the moisture (28.77 ± 0.112%), protein (3.03 ± 0.484%), lipid (63.32 ± 9.789%) and ash (0.45 ± 0.135%) concentrations of the abdominal fat pads. With the increase in dietary CAO levels, the mean percentages of C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6 in the carcasses decreased respectively with 1.78% units from 20.88% and 0.35% units from 1.05%, whilst C18:3n-3 and longer chain n-3 fatty acids such as C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 increased respectively with 2.25% units from 1%, 0.1% units from 0.1% and 0.67% units from 0.2%. The same tendency was seen in the abdominal fat pads where C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6 decreased respectively with 1.55% units from 20.75% and 0.98% units from 1.2% with an increase in dietary CAO, whilst C18:3n-3, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 increased respectively with 2.13% units from 1.15%, 0.45% units from 0.03% and 0.95% units from 0.05%. The n-3 / n-6 ratio in the carcasses and abdominal fat pads increased respectively with 0.16% units from 0.06% and 0.19% units from 0.06% with an increase in dietary CAO. These results clearly indicate that dietary CAO enriched with a-linolenic acid lowered the saturated fatty acid concentrations in broiler carcasses and abdominal fat pads with 4.88% units and 10.63% units respectively, and increased the monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations with 3.87% units and 7.25% units, respectively and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations with 1.02% units and 2.38% units, respectively. The results of this experiment showed that substitution of Famarol oil with Canola oil in broiler diets can increase the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in broiler carcasses and abdominal fat pads to 5:1, a ratio more suitable for human health. Increasing the level of n-3 fatty acids in the diets was also effective in reducing the level of saturated fatty acids in the carcasses and abdominal fat pads of broiler chickens resulting in ";healthier"; chickens. South African Journal of Animal Science Vol.32(3) 2002: 175-184
The efficacy of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention for child anxiety disorders.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) approach to the treatment of child anxiety disorders. METHODS Seventy-three children with anxiety disorders, aged 7-12 years, and their parents were randomly assigned to either an Internet-based CBT (NET) or wait-list (WL) condition. Clinical diagnostic assessment and parent and child questionnaires were completed before and after treatment. The NET condition was reassessed at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS At posttreatment assessment, children in the NET condition showed small but significantly greater reductions in anxiety symptoms and increases in functioning than WL participants. These improvements were enhanced during the 6-month follow-up period, with 75% of NET children free of their primary diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Internet delivery of CBT for child anxiety offers promise as a way of increasing access to treatment for this population. Future research is needed to examine ways to increase treatment compliance and further enhance the impact of treatment.
Stressors Experienced by Women Within Marine Corps Families: A Qualitative Study of Discourse Within an Online Forum

The social constructionist perspective frames this exploration of the socioemotional and relational aspects of stress experienced by significant others of active duty Marines. Interpretive methods were applied to data from an online forum for Marine Corps wives, fiancées, and girlfriends. Open coding revealed six stressors: (a) stuck in a state of flux, (b) going through changes, (c) relational uncertainty, (d) loneliness, (e) alienation, and (f) anxiety related to deployment. Axial coding revealed three properties underlying these stressors: (a) issues of control and helplessness, (b) concerns over privileging individual or relational goals, and (c) the matter of locus of blame.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Technical Note: Using a High Finesse Optical Resonator to Provide a Long Light Path for Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy: Ce-doas

Cavity enhanced methods in absorption spec-troscopy have seen a considerable increase in popularity during the past decade. Especially Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) established itself in atmospheric trace gas detection by providing tens of kilometers of effective light path length using a cavity as short as 1 m. In this paper we report on the construction and testing of a compact and power efficient light emitting diode based broad-band Cavity Enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (CE-DOAS) for in situ observation of atmospheric NO 3. This device combines the small size of the cavity with the advantages of the DOAS approach in terms of sensitivity , specificity and insensivity to intensity fluctuations of the light source. In particular, no selective removal of the an-alyte (here NO 3) is necessary for calibration of the instrument if appropriate corrections are applied to the CEAS theory. Therefore the CE-DOAS technique can – in principle – measure any gas detectable by DOAS. We will discuss the advantages of using a light emitting diode (LED) as light source particularly the precautions which have to be considered for the use of LEDs with a broad wavelength range. The instrument was tested in the lab by detecting NO 3 formed by mixing of NO 2 and O 3 in air. It was then compared to other trace gas detection techniques in an intercomparison campaign in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Jülich at NO 3 concentrations as low as 6.3 ppt.
Tools of the trade: The symbolic power of private security ‐ an exploratory study

Since the early 1960s, the 'rebirth' of private policing has become evident in the overall expansion of this industry (Shearing and Stenning, 1983b and 1987; Johnston, 1992; Jones and Newburn, 1998). In most developed countries, private police now outnumber public police officers; it is claimed that there are three times more private security agents than police officers in the United States and twice as many in both Canada and Britain (Bayley and Shearing 1996,587). As a result, much of the contact which members of the general public have with those in authority is ostensibly of a 'private' nature. The pervasiveness of this growing form of security, however, frequently leads to its intrusion into personal or private spaces and possible infringements of accepted civil liberties. Thus, individuals are often required to submit to random searches of their belongings (handbags, briefcases etc.) by private security guards as a condition of entering certain locations (e.g., sports stadiums, airport lounges, etc.), without
Persistent Macular Thickening After Ranibizumab Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema With Vision Impairment.

IMPORTANCE The prevalence of persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) after months of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and its effect on visual acuity are unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess subsequent outcomes of eyes with DME persisting for 24 weeks after initiating treatment with 0.5 mg of ranibizumab. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed post hoc, exploratory analyses of a randomized clinical trial from March 20, 2007, through January 29, 2014, from 117 of 296 eyes (39.5%) randomly assigned to receive ranibizumab with persistent DME (central subfield thickness ≥250 μm on time domain optical coherence tomography) through the 24-week visit. INTERVENTIONS Four monthly intravitreous injections of ranibizumab and then as needed per protocol. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cumulative 3-year probabilities of chronic persistent DME (failure to achieve a central subfield thickness <250 μm and at least a 10% reduction from the 24-week visit on at least 2 consecutive study visits) determined by life-table analyses, and at least 10 letter (≥2 line) gain or loss of visual acuity among those eyes. RESULTS The probability of chronic persistent DME among eyes with persistent DME at the 24-week visit decreased from 100% at the 32-week visit to 81.1% (99% CI, 69.6%-88.6%), 55.8% (99% CI, 42.9%-66.9%), and 40.1% (99% CI, 27.4%-52.4%) at the 1-, 2-, and 3-year visits, respectively. At 3 years, visual acuity improved in eyes with and without chronic persistent DME through the follow-up period, respectively, by a mean of 7 letters and 13 letters from baseline. Among 40 eyes with chronic persistent edema through 3 years, 17 (42.5%) (99% CI, 23.1%-63.7%) gained 10 letters or more from baseline, whereas 5 (12.5%) (99% CI, 2.8%-31.5%) lost 10 letters or more from baseline. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These data suggest less than half of eyes treated for DME with intravitreous ranibizumab have persistent central-involved DME through 24 weeks after initiating treatment. Among the 40% that then have chronic persistent central-involved DME through 3 years, longer-term visual acuity outcomes appear to be slightly worse than in the 60% in which DME does not persist. Nevertheless, when following the treatment protocol used in this trial among eyes with vision impairment from DME, long-term improvement in visual acuity from baseline is typical and substantial (≥2-line) loss of visual acuity is likely uncommon through 3 years, even when central-involved DME chronically persists.
Automatic tuning of robust PI controllers for a cascade of rivers or irrigation canals pools

This paper proposes an automatic method to tune a series of distant downstream PI controllers for a cascade of pools. The methodology we present could also be used for local upstream controllers, with minor changes. Examples of such systems are irrigation canals or rivers with a series of dams and hydropower plants, such as the Rhône river in France. The method is based on the Auto-Tuned Variation principle (ATV) carrying out a relay experiment. The information obtained from this experiment allows to estimate the critical gain and critical frequency of each canal pool. This information is also used to estimate the parameters of a simplified integrator-delay model of each canal pool. Finally this allows tuning PI controllers, with given gain and phase robustness margins. This relay experiment is performed for each pool of the canal, on sequence, with automatic activation of the previously tuned PI controllers, in order to tune each distant downstream controllers in series. The method is evaluated in simulation on a bench-mark canal of 5-pools in series.
Prostaglandin E2 and 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α production is elevated following traumatic injury to sciatic nerve †

Sciatic nerve explants cultured either alone or in the presence of peritoneal macrophages were used to study prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6‐keto‐PGF1α production following traumatic peripheral nerve injury. Although barely detectable at early time points (1–3 h in vitro), the production of PGE2 and 6‐keto‐PGF1α by sciatic nerve explants increased significantly after 18 h and remained elevated for up to 96 h. The cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) selective inhibitor, NS‐398, inhibited PGE2 and 6‐keto‐PGF1α production by injured sciatic nerve in a dose‐dependent manner. Consistent with the observed effect of NS‐398, peripheral nerve explants, as well as Schwann cells and perineural fibroblasts cultured from neonatal sciatic nerve, each contained COX‐2 immunoreactivity after 24 h in vitro. Both Schwann cells and perineural fibroblasts produced significant amounts of PGE2 and 6‐keto‐PGF1α; but only in the presence of arachidonic acid. As observed for injured sciatic nerve, the production of PGE2 and 6‐keto‐PGF1α by primary Schwann cells and perineural fibroblasts was completely inhibited by NS‐398. Compared to macrophages cultured alone, macrophages cultured in the presence of sciatic nerve explants produced large amounts of PGE2, whereas the level of 6‐keto‐PGF1α was unchanged. In contrast, macrophages treated with adult sciatic nerve homogenate did not produce significant amounts of either PGE2 or 6‐keto‐PGF1α during the entire course of treatment. We conclude that injured sciatic nerves produce PGE2 and 6‐keto‐PGF1α by a mechanism involving COX‐2 activity and that macrophages produce large amounts of PGE2 in response to soluble factors produced by injured nerve but not during the phagocytosis of peripheral nerve debris. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do Coping Styles Moderate or Mediate the Relationship Between Internalized Heterosexism and Sexual Minority Women's Psychological Distress?

The purpose of this study was to test tenets of both minority stress and lesbian feminist/sexual identity development theories by examining the potential moderating and mediating roles of individual coping styles (i.e., problem-solving and avoidant coping) in the relationship between internalized heterosexism and lesbian and bisexual (sexual minority) women's psychological distress. Participants included 323 sexual minority women who completed an Internet survey. Results revealed that avoidant coping partially mediated the relationship between internalized heterosexism and psychological distress. No support was found for the mediating role of problem-solving coping or for the moderating roles of problem-solving and avoidant coping in the link between internalized heterosexism and psychological distress. Feminist strategies that may be useful for clinicians working with clients to reduce internalized heterosexism are provided.
Fluctuations of the quenched mean of a planar random walk in an i.i.d. random environment with forbidden direction

We consider an i.i. d. random environment with a strong form of transience on the two dimensional integer lattice. Namely, the walk always moves forward in the y-direction. We prove an invariance principle for the quenched expected position of the random walk indexed by its level crossing times. We begin with a variation of the Martingale Central Limit Theorem. The main part of the paper checks the conditions of the theorem for our problem.
Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna

Based upon the antenna configuration shown in Fig. 2, a design prototype has been constructed and tested. Fig. 3 shows the measured and simulated return loss for the design prototype. Good impedance bandwidth defined by 1.5:1 VSWR (14 dB return loss) can be obtained and reaches 590 MHz (2010–2600 MHz) or about 24% with respect to the center operating frequency at 2450 MHz, easily covering the 2.4 GHz band. Measured axial ratio in the broadside direction for the designed prototype is presented in Fig. 4. The obtained 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth reaches 150 MHz (2390–2540 MHz) (about 6% with 1.5:1 VSWR). Notice that in this study, the minimum value of the axial ratio also occurs at about 2450 MHz, the center frequency. In addition, from the measured return loss shown in Fig. 3, the operating frequencies within the obtained CP bandwidth are also seen to be with return loss better than about 17 dB. Fig. 5 shows the measured, spinning-linear radiation patterns with the two principal planes at 2450 MHz for the constructed prototype studied in Fig. 2. Slight asymmetrical radiation patterns are first seen, which is owing probably to the presence of the vertical ground in the proposed design. As for the backward radiation, it is seen to be less than –10 dB, compared with the main lobe in the broadside direction. Fig. 6 plots the measured peak antenna gain for the operating frequencies within the obtained CP bandwidth. The peak antenna gain reaches about 10.5 dBi, and the peak-gain level is about 9.5 dBi. More related results will be presented in the upcoming Conference.
Changes in Biomass Carbon and Soil Organic Carbon Stocks following the Conversion from a Secondary Coniferous Forest to a Pine Plantation

The objectives of this study were to estimate changes of tree carbon (C) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock following a conversion in land use, an issue that has been only insufficiently addressed. For this study, we examined a chronosequence of 2 to 54-year-old Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis plantations that replaced the original secondary coniferous forest (SCF) in Southwest China due to clearing. C stocks considered here consisted of tree, understory, litter, and SOC (0–1 m). The results showed that tree C stocks ranged from 0.02±0.001 Mg C ha-1 to 141.43±5.29 Mg C ha-1, and increased gradually with the stand age. Accumulation of tree C stocks occurred in 20 years after reforestaion and C stock level recoverd to SCF. The maximum of understory C stock was found in a 5-year-old stand (6.74±0.7 Mg C ha-1) with 5.8 times that of SCF, thereafter, understory C stock decreased with the growth of plantation. Litter C stock had no difference excluding effects of prescribed burning. Tree C stock exhibited a significant decline in the 2, 5-year-old stand following the conversion to plantation, but later, increased until a steady state-level in the 20, 26-year-old stand. The SOC stocks ranged from 81.08±10.13 Mg C ha-1 to 160.38±17.96 Mg C ha-1. Reforestation significantly decreased SOC stocks of plantation in the 2-year-old stand which lost 42.29 Mg C ha-1 in the 1 m soil depth compared with SCF by reason of soil disturbance from sites preparation, but then subsequently recovered to SCF level. SOC stocks of SCF had no significant difference with other plantation. The surface profile (0–0.1 m) contained s higher SOC stocks than deeper soil depth. C stock associated with tree biomass represented a higher proportion than SOC stocks as stand development proceeded.
What Transits in an Identity Status Transition?

This article examines the question of what transits in an ego identity status transition. It is argued that Marcia's (1966, 1967) ego identity statuses have different underlying structural organizations in the tradition of neo-Piagetian structural stage models (Snarey, Kohlberg, & Noam, 1983). It is also argued that it is necessary to differentiate structure underlying the ego identity statuses from identity content to understand the meaning of ego identity status transitions during adolescent and adult life. Processes of change for both identity structure as well as identity content are proposed on the basis of qualitative case studies. Means of best assessing structural organizations underlying the ego identity statuses are proposed. Defining the actual organizational structures underlying the ego identity statuses presents a challenging and fruitful direction for future identity research.
&kgr;-Opioid Receptors Mediate Cardioprotection by Remote Preconditioning

Background:Remote preconditioning is known to be cardioprotective, but the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of &kgr;-opioid receptors in cardioprotection by remote preconditioning and reveal possible underlying mechanisms. Methods:Remote preconditioning was induced in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats by three cycles of 5 min of right femoral artery occlusion followed by 5 min of reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion was achieved by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and then reperfusion for 120 min. Infarct size was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, dynorphin, and met-enkephalin in plasma were measured. The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore was monitored with fluorescent calcein in isolated ventricular myocytes. Results:Both remote preconditioning and U-50,488H (10 mg/kg intravenous), a &kgr;-opioid receptor agonist, significantly decreased the infarct size and plasma lactate dehydrogenase level induced by ischemia–reperfusion, and these effects were attenuated by nor-binaltorphimine (10 mg/kg intravenous), a &kgr;-opioid receptor antagonist, and atractyloside (5 mg/kg intravenous), a mitochondrial permeability transition pore activator. However, administration of naltrindole (5 mg/kg), a &dgr;-opioid receptor antagonist, had no effect on the cardioprotection by remote preconditioning. The dynorphin plasma level was increased after remote preconditioning treatment, but the met-enkephalin level did not change. In isolated ventricular myocytes loaded with calcein, U-50,488H (300 &mgr;m) decreased the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening induced by calcium (200 &mgr;m), and this effect was attenuated by cotreatment with nor-binaltorphimine (5 &mgr;m) or atractyloside (20 &mgr;m). Conclusion:Activation of cardiac &kgr;-opioid receptors is involved in the cardioprotection induced by remote preconditioning, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore may participate in the postreceptor pathway.
Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks.

In an investigation of task-set reconfiguration, participants switched between 2 tasks on every 2nd trial in 5 experiments and on every 4th trial in a final experiment. The tasks were to classify either the digit member of a pair of characters as even/odd or the letter member as consonant/vowel. As the response-stimulus interval increased up to 0.6 s, the substantial cost to performance of this predictable task-switch fell: Participants could partially reconfigure in advance of the stimulus. However, even with 1.2 s available for preparation, a large asymptotic reaction time (RT) cost remained, but only on the 1st trial of the new task. This is attributed to a component of reconfiguration triggered exogenously, i. e. , only by a task-relevant stimulus. That stimuli evoke associated task-sets also explains why RT and switch costs increased when the stimulus included a character associated with the currently irrelevant task. © 1995 American Psychological Association.
Alpha interferon inhibits early stages of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication cycle

In this study, we have analyzed the effect of human alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) on a single replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the lymphocytic cell line CEM-174, which is highly sensitive to the antiviral effects of IFN. Pretreatment of cells with 50 to 500 U of recombinant human IFN-alpha per ml resulted in a marked reduction in viral RNA and protein synthesis. The effect of IFN-alpha was dose dependent and was amplified in multiple infection cycles. IFN-induced inhibition of viral protein synthesis could be detected only when cells were treated with IFN-alpha prior to infection or when IFN-alpha was added up to 10 h postinfection, but not if IFN-alpha was added at the later stages of HIV-1 replication cycle or after the HIV-1 infection was already established. Analysis of the integrated HIV-1 provirus showed a marked decrease in the levels of proviral DNA in IFN-treated cells. Thus, in contrast to the previous studies on established HIV-1 infection in T cells, in which the IFN block appeared to be at the posttranslational level, during de novo infection, IFN-alpha interferes with an early step of HIV-1 replication cycle that occurs prior to the integration of the proviral DNA. These results indicate that the early IFN block of HIV-1 replication, which has been previously observed only in primary marcophages, can also be detected in the IFN-sensitive T cells, indicating that the early IFN block is not limited to macrophages.