Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compatibility and Market Structure for Network Goods

This paper analyzes the economics of industries where network externalities are significant. In such industries, firms have strong incentives to adhere to common technical compatibility standards, so that they reap the network externalities of the whole group. However, a firm also benefits from producing an incompatible product thereby increasing its horizontal product differentiation. We show how competition balances these opposing incentives. We find that market equilibria often exhibit extreme disparities in sales, output prices, and profits across firms, despite no inherent differences in the firms' production technologies. This may explain the frequent domination of network industries by one or two firms. We also find that the presence of network externalities dramatically affects conventional welfare analysis, as total surplus in markets where these externalities are strong is highest under monopoly and declines with entry of additional firms.
Association between Family History and Gastric Carcinoma among Young Adults

The relationship between family history of gastric carcinoma and gastric carcinoma in Japanese under 40 years of age was analyzed. The subjects were 108 gastric carcinoma patients (86% were diffuse type) at 9 hospitals in the Kanto area of Japan. Firstly, incidence of gastric carcinoma among the parents of the subjects were compared with that in the general population. Observed/expected (O/E) ratios (P‐value) were 1.8 (0.06) for all subjects, 1.3 (0.62) for male subjects, 2.1 (0.04) for female subjects, 0.5 (0.41) for early carcinoma, 2.6 (P<0.01) for advanced carcinoma, 2.3 (0.22) for intestinal‐type carcinoma and 1.7 (0.13) for diffuse‐type carcinoma. Association between gastric carcinoma and parents’ history of gastric carcinoma was strong among women and regarding advanced carcinoma, and the difference in O/E ratios between early and advanced carcinoma was remarkable. Secondly, factors related to advanced‐stage gastric carcinoma were analyzed. Histological type (diffuse and intestinal types) was not related, but family history of gastric carcinoma among parents and grandparents was related to advanced stage, and the relationship was independent of other factors. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 3.3 (1.1–9.9). Family history may be related to stage of gastric carcinoma through its relationship to the manner or speed of the tumor's progression. We hypothesis that some genetic factor exists which is involved both in progression from early to advanced stage and in occurrence of gastric carcinoma.
0 Is There A Taste For Racial Discrimination Among Employers ?

Research on employers’ hiring discrimination is limited by the unlawfulness of such activity. Consequently, researchers have focused on the intention to hire. Instead, we rely on a virtual labour market, the Fantasy Football Premier League, where employers can freely exercise their taste for racial discrimination in terms of hiring and firing. The setting allows us to eliminate co-worker, consumer-based and statistical discrimination as potential sources of discrimination, thus isolating the effect of taste-based discrimination. We find no evidence of racial discrimination, either in initial hiring or through the season, in a context where employers are fully aware of current and prospective workers’ productivity.
Metabolic Engineering of an Aerobic Sulfate Reduction Pathway and Its Application to Precipitation of Cadmium on the Cell Surface

ABSTRACT The conversion of sulfate to an excess of free sulfide requires stringent reductive conditions. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is used in nature by sulfate-reducing bacteria for respiration and results in the conversion of sulfate to sulfide. However, this dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway is inhibited by oxygen and is thus limited to anaerobic environments. As an alternative, we have metabolically engineered a novel aerobic sulfate reduction pathway for the secretion of sulfides. The assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway was redirected to overproduce cysteine, and excess cysteine was converted to sulfide by cysteine desulfhydrase. As a potential application for this pathway, a bacterium was engineered with this pathway and was used to aerobically precipitate cadmium as cadmium sulfide, which was deposited on the cell surface. To maximize sulfide production and cadmium precipitation, the production of cysteine desulfhydrase was modulated to achieve an optimal balance between the production and degradation of cysteine.
Dynamics of content propagation in BitTorrent-like P2P file exchange systems

Peer to peer file exchange systems such as BitTorrent are changing the way in which content is distributed in the Internet. Service capacity for a certain content adjusts dynamically as a function of peer population, thus achieving scalability. This dynamic behavior has been the subject of recent analytical studies. In this paper, we propose a partial differential equation model for BitTorrent-like systems, in which a fluid variable represents content and its distribution in the system is taken into account. This model allows for a variety of file sharing disciplines; we identify equilibrium properties that must hold regardless of this choice, and others that depend on a notion of efficiency. The equilibrium properties of many specific disciplines are described. Through a discretized ordinary differential equation model, we also present results on the stability of the equilibrium for a particular sharing policy that is suitable to model current BitTorrent systems.
Variability in Avian Eggshell Colour: A Comparative Study of Museum Eggshells

Background The exceptional diversity of coloration found in avian eggshells has long fascinated biologists and inspired a broad range of adaptive hypotheses to explain its evolution. Three main impediments to understanding the variability of eggshell appearance are: (1) the reliable quantification of the variation in eggshell colours; (2) its perception by birds themselves, and (3) its relation to avian phylogeny. Here we use an extensive museum collection to address these problems directly, and to test how diversity in eggshell coloration is distributed among different phylogenetic levels of the class Aves. Methodology and Results Spectrophotometric data on eggshell coloration were collected from a taxonomically representative sample of 251 bird species to determine the change in reflectance across different wavelengths and the taxonomic level where the variation resides. As many hypotheses for the evolution of eggshell coloration assume that egg colours provide a communication signal for an avian receiver, we also modelled reflectance spectra of shell coloration for the avian visual system. We found that a majority of species have eggs with similar background colour (long wavelengths) but that striking differences are just as likely to occur between congeners as between members of different families. The region of greatest variability in eggshell colour among closely related species coincided with the medium-wavelength sensitive region around 500 nm. Conclusions The majority of bird species share similar background eggshell colours, while the greatest variability among species aligns with differences along a red-brown to blue axis that most likely corresponds with variation in the presence and concentration of two tetrapyrrole pigments responsible for eggshell coloration. Additionally, our results confirm previous findings of temporal changes in museum collections, and this will be of particular concern for studies testing intraspecific hypotheses relating temporal patterns to adaptation of eggshell colour. We suggest that future studies investigating the phylogenetic association between the composition and concentration of eggshell pigments, and between the evolutionary drivers and functional impacts of eggshell colour variability will be most rewarding.
2016 Ieee International Conference on Big Data (big Data) Gfp-x: a Parallel Approach to Massive Graph Comparison Using Spark

—The problem of how to compare empirical graphs is an area of great interest within the field of network science. The ability to accurately but efficiently compare graphs has a significant impact in such areas as temporal graph evolution, anomaly detection and protein comparison. The comparison problem is compounded when working with massive graphs containing millions of vertices and edges. This paper introduces a parallel feature extraction based approach for the efficient comparison of large unlabelled graph datasets using Apache Spark. The approach acts by producing a 'Graph Fingerprint' which represents both vertex level and global level topological features from a graph. By using Spark we are able to efficiently compare graphs considered unmanageably large to other approaches. The runtime of the approach is shown to scale sub-linearly with the size and complexity of the graphs being fingerprinted. Importantly, the approach is shown to not only be comparable to existing approaches, but on when comparing topology and size, more sensitive at detecting variation between graphs.
On-line network reconfiguration for loss reduction in distribution networks with Distributed Generation

This paper presents a network reconfiguration method for power flow optimization and, consequently, loss reduction in distribution networks with Distributed Generation (DG). The network reconfiguration problem is formulated and solved using a simple linear programming approach. Optimal configurations are determined by considering the effects of DG outputs, load variations, and various other contingences such as faults and maintenance outages. Demand Side Management actions have also been taken into account. Simulation results for test distribution network confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Aerosol Antibiotic Therapy in Children with Chronic Upper Airway Infections: A Potential Alternative to Surgery

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy remain the first choice treatment of chronic or recurrent acute infections of the upper respiratory tract in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the combination of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate plus beclomethasone, administered as aerosol, in children awaiting tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. The study comprised 204 children, aged 1 to 12 years, with chronic adenotonsillitis who had been listed for surgery due to obstructive symptoms and recurrent acute infections. Patients were randomized to treatment with thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate, dosage 250 mg/day in 2 administrations plus beclomethasone with a dosage of 400 μg/day in 2 administrations, or no treatment, control group, unless required. The drugs were administered by aerosol for 10 days/month over a period of 6 months. Clinical visits were at 4, 7 and 12 months after the start of treatment. The primary efficacy outcome was the reduction in the number of patients requiring surgery. Secondary efficacy measures were the reduction of nasal obstruction, the decrease in the number of infectious episodes and the tolerability of the treatment. Aerosol treatment with thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate plus beclomethasone resulted in a significantly lower proportion of patients requiring surgery (29 of 101; 29%) compared to patients in the control group (100 of 103; 97%) (p < 0.0001). Treatment was also associated with a reduction of nasal obstruction and a decrease in the number of infectious episodes. No treatment-related adverse events were reported and the aerosol therapy proved easy to administer to children. The aerosol therapy with the combination of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate plus beclomethasone was able to prevent or postpone surgery in a substantial percentage of patients, without adverse events. These preliminary results suggest that this novel approach could play a role in the antibiotic prophylaxis of chronic infectious diseases of the upper airways.
The effect of an instrumental statement as a treatment for increasing academic reading engagement

viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Reading Noncompliance and Relevance 3 Why Relevance Matters 5 The Future Time Perspective as a Theoretical Frame 6 Definition of Terms 8 Research Questions and Hypotheses 10 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 12 Reading Non-Compliance at the Collegiate Level 12 Theory of Change 14 Interventions to Combat Reading Non-Compliance 15 Goals and Motivation 20 Future Time Perspective 21 Current Study 26 CHAPTER 3 METHOD 28 Participants 28 Experimental Design and Procedures 31 Dependent Variables 34 Independent Variables 35 Materials 36 Instruments 42 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 45 The Second Pilot Study 45 Main Study Assumptions 46 Research Question 1, the Intervention 47
Adaptive control of robot manipulators using fuzzy neural networks

This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy neural controller suitable for multilink manipulators motion control. The proposed controller has the following salient features: (1) self-organizing fuzzy neural structure; (2) online learning of the robot dynamics; (3) fast convergence of tracking error; and (4) adaptive control. Computer simulation results of a two-link manipulator demonstrate that excellent tracking performance can be achieved under external disturbances.
A workbench for synthesising behaviour models from scenarios

Scenario-based specifications such as Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) are becoming increasingly popular as part of a requirements specification. Our objective is to facilitate the development of behaviour models in conjunction with scenarios. In this paper, we first present an MSC language with semantics in terms of labelled transition systems and parallel composition. The language integrates existing languages based on the use of high-level MSCs (hMSCs) and on identifying component states. This integration allows stakeholders to break up scenario specifications into manageable parts using hMCSs and to explicitly introduce additional information and domain-specific or other assumptions using state labels. Secondly, we present an algorithm, implemented in Java, which translates scenarios into a specification in the form of Finite Sequential Processes. This can then be fed to the labelled transition system analyser for model checking and animation. Finally we show how many of the assumptions embedded in existing synthesis approaches can be translated into our approach. Thus we provide the basis of a common workbench for supporting MSC specifications, behaviour synthesis and analysis.
Coping and academic problem-solving ability in test anxiety.

The present study examined coping tendencies and perceptions of problem-solving ability in test anxiety. A sample of 125 students completed the revised Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Academic Problem-Solving Inventory, and measures of state and trait test anxiety. Correlational analyses confirmed that emotion-focused coping (i.e., avoidant and confrontive coping) was associated positively with test anxiety. Also, test-anxious individuals reported poorer ability to solve academic problems. Finally, regression analyses revealed that coping tendencies and perceived problem-solving ability predicted unique variance in test-anxiety scores. The results are discussed in terms of the need for a multidimensional model of test anxiety that includes coping processes and self-evaluations of problem-solving ability.
A kinematic analysis of a judo leg sweep: major outer leg reap--osoto-gari.

Twenty male judo players (10 black belt; 10 novice) executed the major outer leg reap, osoto-gari, with maximal effort. Each throw was recorded within the two-dimensional sagittal plane using a 60 Hz video camera. Kinematic data that best described the power of the 'tori's' (thrower's) sweeping leg and the velocity of the 'uke's' (recipient's) falling body were analysed using a Peak Performance Technologies Inc. Motus system. Data from black belt and novice groups were statistically analysed using a one-way MANOVA (p = .05). Statistical analysis found only two variables for the 'tori' (peak angular velocity of the trunk; TTRK, and peak angular velocity of the ankle; TANK) to be significantly different. Large TTRK values for the black belt group indicated a proficient ability to create large momentum on the upper body of the 'uke'. Significantly larger differences in trunk rotation velocities of the 'uke' by the black belt group reinforced this notion. These differences were attributed to good upper body to upper body contact or impact, which is considered an important aspect of the 'osoto-gari'. Significant differences in TANK values stressed the importance of executing plantar flexion near sweep contact. The results emphasised the importance of using the sweeping leg in a sequential kinetic link motion rather than as a single rigid segment.
Socijalne inovacije kao doprinos jačanju socijalne kohezije i ublažavanju socijalne krize u europskim urbanim socijalnim programima

U radu se razmatra potencijalni doprinos socijalnih inovacija jacanju socijalne kohezije i ublažavanju ucinaka krize. U politikama i programima financiranja Europske unije socijalne inovacije prepoznaju se kao važan doprinos jacanju socijalne kohezije, koja slabi uslijed krize i povecane socijalne ranjivosti. Istovremeno, pokazuje se da su socijalne inovacije u hrvatskom kontekstu i dalje slabo poznat koncept priređivacima politika, strucnjacima i siroj javnosti. Nalazi i zakljucci rada temelje se na empirijskom istraživanju provedenom u okviru međunarodnog FP7 projekta WILCO – Welfare Innovations at Local Levels in Favour of Cohesion, unutar kojeg su studirani izabrani gradovi (u Hrvatskoj su to bili Zagreb i Varaždin); obilježja njihovih socijalnih sustava te su analizirani identificirani primjeri socijalnih inovacija. Lokalni socijalni sustavi gradova u istraživanju tek djelomicno odražavaju karakteristike nacionalnih socijalnih režima, a otvorenost i podrska lokalnih vlasti kljucna je za razvoj i održivost socijalnih inovacija. Vecina istraživanih inovacija je u podrucju usluga, iako se inovacije prepoznaju i u inovativnim instrumentima regulacije i socijalnih prava, novim oblicima vladavine te novim modalitetima rada i financiranja organizacija te one mogu utjecati na postupne promjene samih lokalnih socijalnih sustava. U hrvatskom kontekstu razlikujemo tri tipa socijalnih inovacija: (1) inovacije koje nastaju u javnom sektoru, uz podrsku strucnjaka izvan sektora, (2) inovacije koje dolaze iz inozemstva, kao rezultat inozemnih financijskih programa te (3) inovacije koje dolaze iz civilnog drustva, temeljem samoorganizacije građana. Dok se u primjerima nekih zapadnoeuropskih gradova javni sektor sa svojim profesionalnim kapacitetima prepoznaje kao važan proizvođac socijalnih inovacija, u Hrvatskoj prijasnja iskustva te istraživanja provedena u projektu sugeriraju da vecina socijalnih inovacija dolazi iz civilnog drustva, pri cemu je razina kulturnog i socijalnog kapitala važan preduvjet razvoja i uspjeha inovacija.
Collaboration capability a focal concept in knowledge creation and collaborative innovation in networks

Sustainable competitive advantage is not possible in knowledge-based competition without continuous innovation. Innovations, by nature, emerge in social interaction in which diverse actors share complementary knowledge. Collaboration capability is considered a prerequisite for actors if they wish to leverage such knowledge. The concept is analysed through a state-of-the-art review of earlier conceptual and empirical research on network collaboration, and as a result we propose that collaboration capability integrates the key elements in many closely related but semantically diverse conceptualisations. As a concept, it underlines the relational perspective and enables knowledge creation in a risky and uncertain environment. It can be defined as 'the actor's capability to build and manage network relationships based on mutual trust, communication and commitment'. Furthermore, it could be considered an integrative and cross-level concept explaining much of the knowledge creation and innovation in networks.
Missouri: An Examination of the Relationship Between the Source of Referral to Juvenile Court and Severity of Sentencing Outcomes

Aaron Cicourel conducted research in the 1960s on youths processed by the juvenile justice system, including the referral stage. His work described complex relationships and influences that affected juvenile justice decision making. Juvenile court data from the state of Missouri are used to conduct a partial replication of Cicourel’s work, focusing on the referral stage. The present study also extends the literature by examining the influence of legal and extralegal factors on disposition decisions for five referral sources (i.e., Social Service, School, Family, Juvenile Court, and Law Enforcement). The results suggest that the referral source is related to sentence outcome. The findings are supportive of contemporary theory and highlight the importance of studying context, role responsibilities, and stereotypes that may develop out of human experiences and affect decision making at the referral and disposition stages.
Monitoring of florfenicol susceptibility among bovine and porcine respiratory tract pathogens collected in Germany during the years 2002 and 2003.

Institut fur Tierzucht, Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Landwirtschaft (FAL), Holtystr. 10, 31535 NeustadtMariensee; Institut fur Tiergesundheit, LUFA Nord-West, Hannover; Bundesamt fur Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL), Berlin; Institut fur Mikrobiologie, Zentrum fur Infektionsmedizin, Stiftung Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Aubenstelle fur Epidemiologie, Stiftung Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bakum; Thuringer Landesamt fur Lebensmittelsicherheit und Verbraucherschutz, Jena, Germany
A Vervaat-like path transformation for the reflected Brownian bridge conditioned on its local time at 0

We describe a Vervaat-like path transformation for the reflected Brownian bridge conditioned on its local time at 0: up to random shifts, this process equals the two processes constructed from a Brownian bridge and a Brownian excursion by adding a drift and then taking the excursions over the current minimum. As a consequence, these three processes have the same occupation measure, which is easily found. The three processes arise as limits, in three different ways, of profiles associated to hashing with linear probing, or, equivalently, to parking functions.
Studies on Therapy of Staphylococcal Infections in Monkeys. I. Comparison of Cloxacillin, Triacetyloleandomycin and Erythromycin.∗

Conclusions Intravenous inoculation of a penicillin-resistant, phage type 80/81 staphylococcus caused lethal infection of all 7 untreated monkeys. Daily intragastric administration of 30-50 mg/kg of erythromycin, triacetyloleandomycin and cloxacillin was followed by mortalities in 7 of 8, 2 of 8 and 4 of 8, respectively. Thus, of the 2 bacteriostatic agents, triacetyloleandomycin was far superior to erythromycin as was cloxacillin, a bactericidal drug. Of particular interest was the observation that the bacteriostatic triacetyloleandomycin was as effective or perhaps superior to cloxacillin in preventing lethal infection.