Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the effects of population size and type on the accuracy of genetic maps

Based on simulation studies, it was shown that the type and size of experimental populations can exert an influence on the accuracy of genetic maps. A hypothetical genome map (one chromosome with nine equidistant molecular markers) was generated for the following population types: F2 with dominant and co-dominant markers, backcrossing, recombinant inbred lines (RIL) and double-haploid. The population sizes were 50, 100, 150, 200, 500 and 1000 individuals and 100 simulations were made for each population. The inaccuracies of the populations with the lowest number of individuals were shown by inversions in the order of the markers and the establishment of more than one linkage group in up to 38% of the simulations, depending on the population type. Stress and variance values of the distances between adjacent markers were significantly reduced with the increased size of the population. More accurate maps were obtained for the co-dominant F2 and RIL whereas the maps for the dominant F2 population were less accurate. The higher the number of individuals, the more precise was the map. In all populations, a total of 200 individuals were considered as being sufficient for the construction of reasonably accurate genetic maps. Although this paper deals with plant populations this approach is equally applicable to other organisms.
An Effective Supplier Selection Method with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information

The aim of this paper is to investigate the multiple attribute decision making problems to deal with the supplier selection in supply chain management with intuitionistic fuzzy information, in which the information about attribute weights is completely known, and the attribute values take the form of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. TOPSIS method with intuitionistic fuzzy information is proposed. Then, based on the traditional TOPSIS method, calculation steps for solving intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making problems with known weight information are given. The weighted Hamming distances between every alternative and positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution are calculated. Then, according to the weighted Hamming distances, the relative closeness coefficient to the positive ideal solution is calculated to rank all alternatives. Finally, an illustrative example about supplier selection is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
Natural Research Front

language is most common way to communicate with each other but it's not possible to understand all the languages. To understand diff erent languages machine translation (MT) is required. MT is the most excellent application which helps to understand any other language in very less time and cost. Related to this context some problems are faced by researchers like words which pronounce same but having totally diff erent meaning, few words spelled diff erent but having identical meaning, while in some cases combination of words may change the meaning. Thus Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is needed to resolve such kind of problems. Word Sense Disambiguation is used to understand the correct meaning of the word with respect to context in which that is used. WSD is essentially a task of classifi cation. Where word senses are the classes and the context provides the evidence. Every incidence of a word is assigned to one or more of its possible classes based on the evidence. Words are assumed to have a fi nite and discrete set of senses from ontology, a dictionary or a lexical knowledge base. WSD has apparent relationships with other fi elds such as lexical semantics, whose main aim is to defi ne, analyze, and realize the relationships between " word " , " meaning " , and " context " [1]. Signifi cance of WSD has been widely acknowledged in computational linguistics. Obviously WSD is not thought of as an end in itself other than as an enabler for other tasks and applications of natural language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics such as parsing, machine translation, text mining, semantic interpretation, knowledge acquisition and information retrieval. On the other hand, along with its theoretical signifi cance, explicit WSD has not always demonstrated benefi ts in real applications. In general, the WSD module is a black box surrounding an explicit process of WSD that can be dropped into any function, greatly like a syntactic parser or a (POS) part-of-speech tagger. The alternative is to include WSD as a task specifi c " module " of a particular application in a precise domain and included so completely into a system that it is hard to isolate. Explicit WSD has not yet been persuasively demonstrated to have a signifi cant positive eff ect on any function [2]. Selection of Word Senses A commonly accepted meaning of a word is a word sense. …
Tractable Reasoning with DL-Programs over Datalog-rewritable Description Logics

The deployment of KR formalisms to the Web has created the need for formalisms that combine heterogeneous knowledge bases. Nonmonotonic dl-programs provide a loose integration of Description Logic (DL) ontologies and Logic Programming (LP) rules with negation, where a rule engine can query an ontology with a native DL reasoner. However, even for tractable dl-programs, the overhead of an external DL reasoner might be considerable. To remedy this, we consider Datalog-rewritable DL ontologies, i.e., ones that can be rewritten to Datalog programs, such that dl-programs can be reduced to Datalog¬, i.e, Datalog with negation, under well-founded semantics. To illustrate this framework, we consider several Datalog-rewritable DLs. Besides fragments of the tractable OWL 2 Profiles, we also present LDL+ as an interesting DL that is tractable while it has some expressive constructs. Our results enable the usage of DBLP technology to reason efficiently with dl-programs in presence of negation and recursion, as a basis for advanced applications.
The host galaxy of GRB 011121: morphology and spectral energy distribution

Aims. We present a detailed study of the host galaxy of GRB011121 (at z = 0.36) based on high-resolution imaging in 5 broad-band, optical and near-infrared filters with HST and VLT/ISAAC. Methods. The surface brightness profile of this galaxy is best fitted by a Sersic law with index n ~ 2–2.5 and a rather large effective radius (~7.5 kpc). Both the morphological analysis and the F450W–F702W colour image suggest that the host galaxy of GRB011121 is either a disk-system with a rather small bulge, or one hosting a central, dust-enshrouded starburst. Hence, we modeled the integrated spectral energy distribution of this galaxy by combining stellar population and radiative transfer models, assuming properties representative of nearby starburst or normal star-forming, Sbc-like galaxies. Results. A range of plausible fitting solutions indicates that the host galaxy of GRB011121 has a stellar mass of 3.1–6.9 × 10^9 M_☉, stellar populations with a maximum age ranging from 0.4 to 2 Gyr, and a metallicity ranging from 1 to 29 per cent of the solar value, as a function of the time elapsed since star formation started. As for the opacity, starburst models suggest this galaxy to be nearly as opaque as local starbursts (with an A_V = 0.27–0.76 mag). On the other hand, normal star-forming Sbc-like models suggest a central opacity larger than that of local disks by up to a factor of 8, whereas the attenuation along the line of sight is only AV = 0.12–0.57 mag owing to the galaxy’s low inclination. For this subluminous galaxy (with LB/L B = 0.26), we determine a model-dependent star formation rate (SFR) of 2.4–9.4 M_☉ yr^(−1), which gives a SFR per unit luminosity of 9.2–36.1 M_☉ yr^(−1) (L_B/L^*_B)^(−1) and a SFR per unit stellar mass of 0.4–2.9 × 10^(−9) yr^(−1). The former specific SFR is high compared to those of most GRB host galaxies, but consistent with those of most of the hosts at similar low redshift. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the host galaxy of GRB011121 is a rather large disk-system in a relatively early phase of its star formation history.
Implementation of the PjBL model to enhance problem solving skill and skill competency of community college student

The research aims at enhance problem solving ability and competency skills of students. The method used was classroom action research in the course of welding practice with a group of 10 students. The research data obtained from the problem solving skills assessment interview techniques, competency skills gained from the project assessment and a written test, and the improvement data were analyzed using average gain (g). PjBL model provides students the opportunity to solve the problems of the real world by creating innovative works through their project work. PjBL model provides opportunities and experiences for students to solve the problem so the next project the students already have experience and ability to make decisions about what effort needs to be done to solve the problem. The power of thinking ability in solving the problem implications for increasing student competency skills, because any problems found can be resolved properly so that the process and the work of students increased for the better. From these results be obtained conclude the implementation of project based learning models can enhance the problem solving ability and competency skills of students.
How do flexibility i‐deals relate to work performance? Exploring the roles of family performance and organizational context

Drawing on the work–home resources (W-HR) model and conservation of resources (COR) theory, in this study we explore how flexibility i-deals relate to employees’ work performance through their family performance. In line with the W-HR model, we introduce two contextual conditions to explain when our proposed associations may unfold. One is a facilitator: perceived organizational support (POS); and the other is a stressor: perceived hindering work demands. The results of a matched sample of employees and their supervisors working in two companies in El Salvador support our hypotheses. Our findings show that the benefits of flexibility i-deals to the work domain (i.e., work performance) extend only through the family domain (i.e., family performance). Our findings also emphasize that flexibility i-deals do not unfold in a dyadic vacuum: For employee who perceive organizational support to be higher, the association between flexibility i-deals and family performance is stronger, while for employees who perceive hindering work demands to be lower, the association between family performance and employee work performance is also stronger. We contribute to i-deals research by a) exploring a relevant mechanism through which flexibility i-deals influence work performance; b) integrating the role of social context to emphasize the social aspects of i-deals; and c) enriching the i-deals literature by introducing a resource perspective.
Polarimetric Standardization

The use of polarimetric techniques is nowadays widespread among solar and stellar astronomers. However, notwithstanding the recommandations that have often been made about the publication of polarimetric results in the astronomical literature, we are still far from having a standard protocol on which to conform. In this paper we review the basic deﬁnitions and the physical signiﬁcance of the Stokes parameters, and we propose a standardization of the measurement of polarized radiation.
College Presidents and Black Student Protests: A Historical Perspective on the Image of Racial Inclusion and the Reality of Exclusion

ABSTRACT This essay revisits college presidents during the early 1960s to investigate the long history of how academic leaders manage racial unrest on college campuses. Throughout time, the concept of a welcoming and inclusive climate for black students on majority-white campuses has functioned as an illusion alongside the prevailing reality of racism on and off American campuses. In turn, this essay exhibits how political structures, as well as university hierarchy, have shaped academic leaders' approach to social change in higher education. Therefore, this work demonstrates the need to reevaluate higher education history as a lens for understanding the current American sociopolitical context that shapes present-day academic leaders and their challenges of addressing racism on college campuses. In summary, this work renders a richer and more nuanced understanding of the complexities college presidents, students, and campus stakeholders, such as governors and boards of trustees, face to provide equal and meaningful educational opportunities to all students.
Formal and informal sources of paternal support in early parenthood

ABSTRACT Extra-familial support has been proven to be an important resource for families during early parenthood, but little attention has been paid to what supports should be available for fathers specifically and how fathers perceive different sources of support during early parenthood in the twenty-first century. This study examined Finnish fathers’ (N = 1069) regarding the following topics: (a) the support sources perceived as primary by the fathers and (b) the association between the father’s socio-economic status (SES) and his overall need for extra-familial support and (c) the association between the father’s SES, family structure and the perceived level of instrumental support sources available for parenting and childcare tasks. Most of the fathers’ perceptions highlight the role played by informal support sources in providing assistance for parenting and childcare. The results of binary logistic regression suggest that fathers of lower SES are more likely to have an increased need for extra-familial support.
Determination of Job Stresses and Their Consequences in Drivers in Ilam

Background: Human factors cause 60–70 percent of automobile accidents. Everything related to people that is involved in and interacting with a system is considered to be a human factor. These factors can be psychological, biological, or social, and all of them can affect drivers’ behaviors. Therefore, one of the negative and unfavorable effects of these factors is that they cause accidents. According to previous research, increases in the job stresses result in increases in the incidence of car accidents. Drivers who feel stressed often do not to observe the rules, and they may not even notice the warning signs. By measuring the job stress among drivers and its adverse effects, this research aimed to provide an appropriate managerial solution to reduce these problems. Methods: The sample in this descriptive-analytical study consisted of 250 drivers who were selected and investigated. A job stress questionnaire was used as a means for collecting data. Health conditions were assessed by referring to clinical documents provided for the drivers. Accident data were included in the study using accident-related documentation. Two hundred and fifty drivers from Ilam, Iran participated and were analyzed in this study. This research is a cross-sectional study that was performed by dossiers and personal memoirs. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 and the chi-squared test. Results: The study showed that the main factors that cause medium- to high-level stress are the physical environment, workload and ambiguity of duties. It also showed that the incidence and severity of accidents increased as stress levels increased. Conclusion: This study shows high prevalence of job stress amongst drivers in Ilam. The main causes of the prevalence of stress among drivers in Ilam City are physical environment, workload and ambiguity of duties, responsibility.
Accessing employment supports in the adult system for transitioning youth with autism spectrum disorders

Effective transition from school to the adult community and employment for youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) requires knowledge of an array of state and community agencies and organizations. This paper provided an overview of current research on employment outcomes for persons with ASD, with emphasis on employment outcomes achieved through participation in services provided by State Vocational Rehabilitation agencies. Descriptions are given for the primary providers of employment and related supports in the adult service system for transitioning youth with ASD. Two case study examples are provided detailing the development and implementation of employment plans responsive to the unique needs and abilities of young adults with ASD. Becoming well informed about resources at the community and state level and learning how to network effectively among these resources are emphasized as key to planning and implementing an effective transition program for a youth with ASD.
Star formation triggered by supernova explosions in young galaxies

We study the evolution of supernova remnants in a low-metallicity medium Z/Z ☉ ) = 10 -4 to 10- 2 in the early universe, using one-dimensional hydrodynamics with non-equilibrium chemistry. Once a post-shock layer is able to cool radiatively, a dense shell forms behind the shock. If this shell becomes gravitationally unstable and fragments into pieces, next-generation stars are expected to form from these fragments. To explore the possibility of this triggered star formation, we apply a linear perturbation analysis of an expanding shell to our results and constrain the parameter range of ambient density, explosion energy and metallicity where fragmentation of the shell occurs. For the explosion energy of 10 5 erg (10 52 erg), the shell fragmentation occurs for ambient densities higher than ≥10 2 cm 3 (10 cm -3 ), respectively. This condition depends little on the metallicity in the ranges we examined. We find that the mode of star formation triggered occurs only in massive (≥10 8 M ☉ ) haloes.
Improving the Efficacy of Visitor Education in Haleakalā National Park Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Degradation of resource and experiential quality from recreational use at the Pools of ‘Ohe'o in Haleakalā National Park has led officials to discourage visitor use of the area. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study examines relationships among visitors’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control regarding exploration of the pools, their intentions to explore and their actual behaviors at pools. Further, the study examines the influence of persuasive messages on visitors’ behavior at the pools. TPB is found to be an effective model for understanding visitor behavior at ‘Ohe'o's Pools, revealing a desire among visitors to act in accordance with National Park Service wishes. Results indicate that attitudes and subjective norms are influenced by exposure to the persuasive messages. Additionally, messages emphasizing the resource impacts of exploring the pools are found to more effective at influencing visitor attitudes than messages emphasizing the dangers of exploring the pools.
Role of Perfectionism and Body Image in the Prediction of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms

Background: The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has been reported to increase in recent decades. Therefore, scientific studies should be performed to specify psychological variables, which may contribute to the etiology of this disorder. In this study, we examined the role of body image and perfectionism in predicting BDD symptoms among students. Objective: The aim of this survey was to investigate the role of body image and perfectionism in the prediction of BDD symptoms. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in 2016 on a sample, including 351 students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, who were selected based on the Morgan formula and multistage cluster random sampling. The participants completed the Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale modified for BDD (BDD-YBOCS), multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire (MBSRQ), and Besharat’s Tehran multidimensional perfectionism scale (TMPS). The collected data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. Results and Conclusions: The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that perfectionism and body image could significantly predict BDD symptoms (P < 0.001). Therefore, these variables can be important in the promotion of students’ health.
A penny for your thoughts: dimensions of self-generated thought content and relationships with individual differences in emotional wellbeing

A core aspect of human cognition involves overcoming the constraints of the present environment by mentally simulating another time, place, or perspective. Although these self-generated processes confer many benefits, they can come at an important cost, and this cost is greater for some individuals than for others. Here we explore the possibility that the costs and benefits of self-generated thought depend, in part, upon its phenomenological content. To test these hypotheses, we first developed a novel thought sampling paradigm in which a large sample of young adults recalled several recurring thoughts and rated each thought on multiple content variables (i.e., valence, specificity, self-relevance, etc.). Next, we examined multi-level relationships among these content variables and used a hierarchical clustering approach to partition self-generated thought into distinct dimensions. Finally, we investigated whether these content dimensions predicted individual differences in the costs and benefits of the experience, assessed with questionnaires measuring emotional health and wellbeing. Individuals who characterized their thoughts as more negative and more personally significant scored higher on constructs associated with Depression and Trait Negative Affect, whereas those who characterized their thoughts as less specific scored higher on constructs linked to Rumination. In contrast, individuals who characterized their thoughts as more positive, less personally significant, and more specific scored higher on constructs linked to improved wellbeing (Mindfulness). Collectively, these findings suggest that the content of people’s inner thoughts can (1) be productively examined, (2) be distilled into several major dimensions, and (3) account for a large portion of variability in their functional outcomes.