Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“I Am Not a Shelter!”: Stigma and Social Boundaries in Teachers’ Accounts of Students’ Experience in Separate “Sheltered” English Learner Classrooms

This study investigates how teachers interact with immigrant-origin youth in school-based contexts of reception that mediate youth's educational opportunities. One understudied context is sheltered instruction, where English learners (ELs) are placed into separate content-area courses to target their linguistic needs. This qualitative study highlights the unintended consequences of ELs’ placements by examining 3 teacher cases in depth. Teachers’ accounts reveal that EL content courses designed to increase access were, in fact, stigmatizing spaces where students made social distinctions and engaged in impression management to mitigate perceptions that they lacked intelligence because of their programmatic placements. Teachers also managed stigma in distinct ways, representing different orientations and communication strategies in response to students’ experiences of stigma. This investigation raises questions about the tensions embedded in how language status, race, and classification intersect with the very solutions intended to ameliorate inequalities, as well as teachers’ roles in the education of immigrant EL-designated youth.
Researchers as Storytellers: Writing on the Edge—And Without a Safety Net

The author considers the underrated and marginalized role of the researcher as storyteller by sharing stories of her own life, first as a researcher and insider, and second, as one who suffered bullying and abuse at her workplace at the time. The stories are interleaved between the theoretical argument and deliberately stand in the foreground. They are not interpreted in the discussion but attest through substance and example to what the argument is trying to convey. Sharing these stories challenged two taboos that researchers traditionally face: those surrounding the methodological process and those concerned with political content. Future researcher-storytellers are encouraged to take risks. Writing of one’s own life experiences is concluded to be writing on the edge—and without a safety net. However, the rewards inevitably stem from connecting with those who want to know.
Differences in African-American and European-American students' engagement with nanotechnology experiences: Perceptual position or assessment artifact?

This study examined middle and high school students' perceptions of a weeklong science experience with nanotechnology and atomic force microscopy. Through an examination of student self assessments and their writing, the study allowed us to examine some of the issues that may contribute to discrepancies that are seen between European-American and African-American students in science. The results of the study showed that after instruction, African-American students were significantly more likely to agree with the statement that “science involves mostly memorizing things and getting the right answer,” than European-American students. In addition, European-American students were significantly more likely to write their newspaper stories from a first person perspective than their African-American peers. The results are discussed in light of the assessment task, students' interpretations of formal writing, cultural differences in the use of language in writing, and possible cultural differences in students' perceptions of the science experience. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 787–799, 2007
Opportunistic Interference Alignment for MIMO Interfering Multiple-Access Channels

We consider the K-cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interfering multiple-access channel (IMAC) with time-invariant channel coefficients, where each cell consists of a base station (BS) with M antennas and N users having L antennas each. In this paper, we propose two opportunistic interference alignment (OIA) techniques utilizing multiple transmit antennas at each user: antenna selection-based OIA and singular value decomposition (SVD)-based OIA. Their performance is analyzed in terms of user scaling law required to achieve KS degrees-of-freedom (DoF), where S(≤ M) denotes the number of simultaneously transmitting users per cell. We assume that each selected user transmits a single data stream at each time-slot. It is shown that the antenna selection-based OIA does not fundamentally change the user scaling condition if L is fixed, compared with the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) IMAC case, which is given by SNR(K-1)S, where SNR denotes the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we show that the SVD-based OIA can greatly reduce the user scaling condition to SNR(K-1)S-L+1 through optimizing a weight vector at each user. Simulation results validate the derived scaling laws of the proposed OIA techniques. The sum-rate performance of the proposed OIA techniques is compared with the conventional techniques in MIMO IMAC channels and it is shown that the proposed OIA techniques outperform the conventional techniques.
The long term consequences of resource based specialization Working Paper

Economists have long debated whether an abundance of natural resources adversely affects long term economic performance. Focusing on three economic channels discussed in the literature, I investigate whether resource abundance slows down industrialization or the accumulation of education, or whether it raises inequality. I examine these channels using geological variation in oil abundance in the Southern United States. In 1890 oil abundant counties were mostly agricultural and similar to other nearby counties, but after oil was discovered they began to specialize in its production. From 1940-1990 oil abundant counties developed a manufacturing sector that was smaller in terms of its share of employment, but not in terms of its absolute size. At the same time, these counties enjoyed a better educated workforce and higher per capita income, and attracted population at a faster rate. By 1990 these advantages had diminished, but oil abundant counties still had slightly higher per capita income without suffering from worse inequality. Taken together, my results suggest that while resource based specialization involves some long term costs, it can serve as an important lever for development.
Values as a Viable Alternative for Forced Vital Capacity ( FVC ) and FEV 1 / FVC Values During Pregnancy in South East Nigeria : A Preliminary

Background: Forced expiratory volume in 6 s (FEV6) and FEV1/FEV6 ratio have traditionally been used as a surrogate for forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC in the assessment of spirometric lung function in nonpregnant subjects. However, the existence of this relationship during pregnancy is yet to be ascertained. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if FEV6 and FEV1/FEV6 can effectively be used instead of FVC and FEV1/FVC in the interpretation of lung function test during pregnancy. Subjects and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross‐sectional study carried out among 200 pregnant women who were recruited by using systematic random sampling during the period between April and October 2011. One hundred matched nonpregnant women served as control. A standard spirometer was used to determine the FVC, FEV6, FEV1/FVC, and FEV1/FEV6. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 11.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Values were recorded as mean (standard deviation), and also median and interquartile ranges. The one‐way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitey U and the Kruskal–Wallis were used to test for significance where applicable. P <0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: All the values were within normal range, but the FVC and FEV6 decreased significantly while the FEV1/FVC and FEV1/FEV6 increased as pregnancy progressed. However, for first and last trimester, FVC differed significantly from FEV6. The values of the FVC were comparable to the values of FEV6. The FEV1/FVC and FEV1/FEV6 ratio were similar and well above the 0.7 cutoff for obstructive lung diseases. Conclusion: FEV6 requires a short exhalation time and can effectively be used in place of FVC in evaluation of lung function test during pregnancy. The FEV1/FEV6 may be applied as a proxy for FEV1/FVC in pregnant and nonpregnant women.
Embolization of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors of the extremities.

PURPOSE To reveal the effectiveness and reliability of preoperative, curative, and palliative embolization of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors of the extremities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diagnostic angiography was performed on 35 patients (14 females, 40%; 21 males, 60%) between 6 and 70 years of age (mean, 32 years) who were referred to our digital subtraction angiography (DSA) unit between March 2000 and March 2004, and had extremity bone or soft tissue tumors. Among 17 patients who were initially assessed to be appropriate for angiographic embolization, DSA-assisted intra-arterial embolization was performed on 11 pre-operatively, and 6 curatively or palliatively. Effectiveness of the procedure was evaluated using imaging modalities, including angiography, X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging as well as with post-operative findings. RESULTS Among the 11 patients that underwent pre-operative embolization, 10 showed a significant reduction in intra-operative and early post-operative bleeding. Additionally, manipulation and excision of the tumors during surgery were easier as a result. Partial or full remission occurred in 3 of 6 patients that underwent lesion embolization. Two other patients had surgical procedures after finding their lesions had increased in size. In one patient with stable lesion size, cranial metastasis was discovered later. CONCLUSION Pre-operative, palliative, and curative selective/superselective intra-arterial embolization is an effective and potentially developing method for benign and malignant, hypervascularized bone and soft tissue tumors of the extremities, when it is performed by an experienced team with proper embolizing agents.
Normalization of Plasma 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Surgery in Crohn’s Disease

Background:Vitamin D may have an immunologic role in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Retrospective studies suggested a weak association between vitamin D status and disease activity but have significant limitations. Methods:Using a multi-institution inflammatory bowel disease cohort, we identified all patients with CD and UC who had at least one measured plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D). Plasma 25(OH)D was considered sufficient at levels ≥30 ng/mL. Logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders were used to identify impact of measured plasma 25(OH)D on subsequent risk of inflammatory bowel disease–related surgery or hospitalization. In a subset of patients where multiple measures of 25(OH)D were available, we examined impact of normalization of vitamin D status on study outcomes. Results:Our study included 3217 patients (55% CD; mean age, 49 yr). The median lowest plasma 25(OH)D was 26 ng/mL (interquartile range, 17–35 ng/mL). In CD, on multivariable analysis, plasma 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL was associated with an increased risk of surgery (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–2.51) and inflammatory bowel disease–related hospitalization (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–2.68) compared with those with 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL. Similar estimates were also seen for UC. Furthermore, patients with CD who had initial levels <30 ng/mL but subsequently normalized their 25(OH)D had a reduced likelihood of surgery (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.98) compared with those who remained deficient. Conclusion:Low plasma 25(OH)D is associated with increased risk of surgery and hospitalizations in both CD and UC, and normalization of 25(OH)D status is associated with a reduction in the risk of CD-related surgery.
Major Crop Species Show Differential Balance between Root Morphological and Physiological Responses to Variable Phosphorus Supply

The relationship between root morphological and physiological responses to variable P supply in different plant species is poorly understood. We compared root morphological and physiological responses to P supply in seven crop species (Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, Lupinus albus, Glycine max, Vicia faba, Cicer arietinum) treated with or without 100 mg P kg-1 in two soils (acidic and calcareous). Phosphorus deficiency decreased root length more in fibrous root species (Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus) than legumes. Zea mays and Triticum aestivum had higher root/shoot biomass ratio and Brassica napus had higher specific root length compared to legumes, whereas legumes (except soybean) had higher carboxylate exudation than fibrous root species. Lupinus albus exhibited the highest P-acquisition efficiency due to high exudation of carboxylates and acid phosphatases. Lupinus albus and Cicer arietinum depended mostly on root exudation (i.e., physiological response) to enhance P acquisition, whereas Zea mays, Triticum aestivum and Brassica napus had higher root morphology dependence, with Glycine max and Vicia faba in between. Principal component analysis using six morphological and six physiological responses identified root size and diameter as the most important morphological traits, whereas important physiological responses included carboxylate exudation, and P-acquisition and P-utilization efficiency followed by rhizosphere soil pH and acid phosphatase activity. In conclusion, plant species can be grouped on the basis of their response to soil P being primarily via root architectural or exudation plasticity, suggesting a potential benefit of crop-specific root-trait-based management to cope with variable soil P supply in sustainable grain production.
Research note: The 2001 census and christian identification in Britain

Results from the 2001 population census suggest that nearly 72% of people in England and Wales may be identified as Christian. This figure is substantially higher than the proportion found by the British Social Attitudes survey and other national studies. Comparing the census with sample surveys and examining different parts of the UK raises two interesting questions. Why does the census produce a higher figure than recurrent surveys for nominal Christian identification? Why, when church attendance is higher in Scotland than in England and Wales, does the census show a higher proportion of nominal identifiers in the latter? It is argued that the answer to both questions is the same: anxiety about national identity. While the census results might be taken to mean that there are more Christians than expected, such an interpretation is probably mistaken.
The Great Recession in the UK Labour Market: A Transatlantic Perspective

The increase in unemployment in the United Kingdom that accompanied the Great Recession has been conspicuous by its moderation. The rise in joblessness is dwarfed by the recent experience of the United States, by past recessionary episodes in the UK and by the contraction in GDP in the UK. Increased rates of job loss have played a dominant role in shaping the rise in British unemployment. Unemployment duration has not increased to the levels seen in previous recessions, in contrast to the US where duration substantially exceeds previous peaks. Looking forward, the UK labour market appears to have adjusted fully to the shocks that prompted the recession. Signs of reductions in match efficiency witnessed recently in the US are not mirrored in the UK. In contrast, while long-term unemployment currently remains well below historical levels, recent estimates of job finding rates suggest that it has the potential to rise much further. Thus, a timely recovery in aggregate demand will play an important role in averting persistently high unemployment in the future.
Justice sociale, redistribution et reconnaissance

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Quantitative Determination of 3-O-Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) and Other Boswellic Acids in Boswellia sacra Flueck (syn. B. carteri Birdw) and Boswellia serrata Roxb

Boswellia serrata and Boswellia sacra (syn. B. carteri) are important medicinal plants widely used for their content of bioactive lipophilic triterpenes. The qualitative and quantitative determination of boswellic acids (BAs) is important for their use in dietary supplements aimed to provide a support for osteoarthritic and inflammatory diseases. We used High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Diode Array Detector (DAD) coupled to ElectroSpray Ionization and tandem Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) for the qualitative and quantitative determination of BAs extracted from the gum resins of B. sacra and B. serrata. Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and Matrix Effect were assessed in order to validate quantitative data. Here we show that the BAs quantitative determination was 491.20 g·kg−1 d. wt (49%) in B. sacra and 295.25 g·kg−1 d. wt (30%) in B. serrata. Lower percentages of BAs content were obtained when BAs were expressed on the gum resin weight (29% and 16% for B. sacra and B. serrata, respectively). The content of Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) was higher in B. sacra (70.81 g·kg−1 d. wt; 7%) than in B. serrata (7.35 g·kg−1 d. wt; 0.7%). Our results show that any claim of BAs content in either B. sacra or B. serrata gum resins equal to or higher than 70% or AKBA contents of 30% are simply unrealistic or based on a wrong quantitative determination.
Fear-related activity in subgenual anterior cingulate differs between men and women

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in association with an instructed fear/anticipatory anxiety paradigm was used to explore sex differences in the human fear response. During anticipation of mild electrodermal stimulation, women, as compared with men, demonstrated increased activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and functionally related regions of the insula and brainstem. The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex is a region critical for emotional control implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disease. Present findings suggest a contributory neural substrate for the greater susceptibility of women to anxiety and affective disorders, and emphasize the importance of considering participant sex when designing and interpreting functional neuroimaging studies.
Interorganizational Learning and Heterogeneous Social Structure

Organizations can learn from the innovations made or adopted by other organizations. I present a framework for interorganizational learning that allows study of how learning is affected by the characteristics of the origin and destination organizations and their relationship. I survey recent findings within this framework and develop new propositions on the population-level consequences of interorganizational learning from innovations. I identify areas of work that have received insufficient attention and make new proposals for research.
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation an Integrated Experimental Environment for Distributed Systems and Networks

Three experimental environments traditionally support network and distributed systems research: network emu-lators, network simulators, and live networks. The continued use of multiple approaches highlights both the value and inadequacy of each. Netbed, a descendant of Emulab, provides an experimentation facility that integrates these approaches, allowing researchers to configure and access networks composed of emulated, simulated , and wide-area nodes and links. Netbed's primary goals are ease of use, control, and realism, achieved through consistent use of virtualization and abstraction. By providing operating system-like services, such as resource allocation and scheduling, and by virtualizing heterogeneous resources, Netbed acts as a virtual machine for network experimentation. This paper presents Netbed's overall design and implementation and demonstrates its ability to improve experimental automation and efficiency. These, in turn, lead to new methods of experimentation, including automated parameter-space studies within emulation and straightforward comparisons of simulated, emulated, and wide-area scenarios.
10 years of mouse cancer modifier loci: human relevance.

About 10 years have elapsed since the first whole-genome scanning studies in the mouse to identify loci that affect susceptibility or resistance to tumorigenesis. In that time, >100 cancer modifiers have been mapped, and four strong candidate genes have been identified. Cancer modifier loci affect almost all types of mouse tumorigenesis, with some loci acting on the entire tumorigenic process, whereas others act on specific stages, e.g., tumor initiation or tumor growth/progression. Present evidence indicates that the effects of cancer modifier loci are tissue-specific and restricted to tumor cells. However, a subset of such loci may be involved in different types of tumors, and several chromosomal regions show significant clustering of cancer modifier loci. Human homologues of mouse cancer modifier loci most likely exist and play a role in the risk of sporadic cancer, although present experimental evidence for this possibility is sparse. Mouse cancer modifier loci might serve as the basis for understanding the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of polygenic inheritance of cancer predisposition/resistance. Identification of homologous cancer modifier loci in humans might, in turn, provide a step toward the development of diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies that target these loci.
Functional graphene oxide as a plasmid-based Stat3 siRNA carrier inhibits mouse malignant melanoma growth in vivo

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted intensive interest in the biomedical field in recent years. We investigate whether the use of functional graphene oxide as an efficient delivery system for delivering specific molecular antitumor therapeutics in vivo could achieve a more excellent antitumor effect. Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) promotes survival in a wide spectrum of human cancers. In this paper, we study the in vivo behavior of graphene oxide chemically functionalized with polyethylenimine and polyethylene glycol (GO-PEI-PEG) as a plasmid-based Stat3-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) carrier in mouse malignant melanoma. The in vivo results indicate significant regression in tumor growth and tumor weight after plasmid-based Stat3 siRNA delivered by GO-PEI-PEG treatment. Moreover, there was no significant side effect from GO-PEI-PEG treatment according to histological examination and blood chemistry analysis in mice. Thus, our work is the first success of using GO-PEI-PEG as a promising carrier for plasmid Stat3 siRNA delivery and down-regulation of Stat3 by a polymer-mediated vehicle and suggests the great promise of graphene in biomedical applications such as cancer treatment.