Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Supplemental Liquid DL-methionine Hydroxy Analog Free Acid in Diet on Growth Performance and Gastrointestinal Functions of Piglets

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of liquid DL-methionine hydroxy analog free acid (DL-MHA) on growth performance and gastrointestinal conditions of piglets. One hundred and eighty crossbred barrow piglets (Large White×Landrace, body weight: 12.48±0.33 kg) were divided into three groups with ten replications of six piglets each. Piglets received DL-MHA in diet at a concentration of 0 (control group), 0.15%, or 0.24%. The results indicated that increasing the standardized ileal digestible (SID) of sulfur amino acids (SAA) to lysine (SID SAA:Lys) ratio by supplementation of DL-MHA tended to increase (quadratic; p<0.10) weight gain and ADG, and showed slightly greater (linear; p<0.10) gain:feed ratio. The pH in the diet and cecum linearly decreased (p<0.01), whereas pH in colon had a quadratic response (p<0.01) with increasing supplementation of DL-MHA. By greater supplementation of DL-MHA, the population of Lactobacillus spp. in rectum was likely to increase (quadratic; p<0.10), but Escherichia coli population in the diet was reduced (quadratic; p<0.05). Acetic acid concentration and total short-chain fatty acids in cecum linearly increased (p<0.05), whereas valeric acid in cecum quadratically increased (p<0.05) with increasing DL-MHA levels. Moreover, the villous height of the jejunum quadratically increased (p<0.01) as the supplementation of DL-MHA was increased. It is concluded that the addition of DL-MHA in diet improved the growth performance and the morphology of gastrointestinal tract of piglets.
The Case of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in an IVF Pregnancy: Is There any Association between Congenital Tumors and Assisted Reproduction Techniques?

Background Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare congenital tumor and its association with IVF pregnancy is not clear. There are limited reports of congenital tumors in IVF pregnancy. The exact embryogenesis of SCT is not known but a genetic etiology has been reported. Whether these congenital tumors have any association with assisted reproductive techniques remains obscure. Case Presentation In this study, a case of SCT in an IVF pregnancy with donor oocytes was reported. IVF was performed for bilateral tubal blockade and poor ovarian reserve. It was diagnosed antenatally by ultrasonography. Successful surgical treatment was performed in postnatal period and six months follow-up remained uneventful. Conclusion The purpose of reporting this case is to emphasize on the possibility of association of congenital tumors with assisted reproductive techniques and hence, the need for screening in these pregnancies. An association could not be detected based on few case reports and therefore, large population based studies are required to elucidate the effect of these reproductive techniques on occurrence of congenital tumors.
Intubation performance using different laryngoscopes while wearing chemical protective equipment: a manikin study

Objectives This study aimed to compare visualisation of the vocal cords and performance of intubation by anaesthetists using four different laryngoscopes while wearing full chemical protective equipment. Setting Medical simulation center of a university hospital, department of anaesthesiology. Participants 42 anaesthetists (15 females and 27 males) completed the trial. The participants were grouped according to their professional education as anaesthesiology residents with experience of <2 years or <5 years, or as anaesthesiology specialists with experience of >5 years. Interventions In a manikin scenario, participants performed endotracheal intubations with four different direct and indirect laryngoscopes (Macintosh (MAC), Airtraq (ATQ), Glidescope (GLS) and AP Advance (APA)), while wearing chemical protective gear, including a body suit, rubber gloves, a fire helmet and breathing apparatus. Primary and secondary outcome measures With respect to the manikin, setting time to complete ‘endotracheal intubation’ was defined as primary end point. Glottis visualisation (according to the Cormack-Lehane score (CLS) and impairments caused by the protective equipment, were defined as secondary outcome measures. Results The times to tracheal intubation were calculated using the MAC (31.4 s; 95% CI 26.6 to 36.8), ATQ (37.1 s; 95% CI 28.3 to 45.9), GLS (35.4 s; 95% CI 28.7 to 42.1) and APA (23.6 s; 95% CI 19.1 to 28.1), respectively. Intubation with the APA was significantly faster than with all the other devices examined among the total study population (p<0.05). A significant improvement in visualisation of the vocal cords was reported for the APA compared with the GLS. Conclusions Despite the restrictions caused by the equipment, the anaesthetists intubated the manikin successfully within adequate time. The APA outperformed the other devices in the time to intubation, and it has been evaluated as an easily manageable device for anaesthetists with varying degrees of experience (low to high), providing good visualisation in scenarios that require the use of chemical protective equipment.
Can and Should Nurses Be Aware of Patients' Expectations for Their Nursing Care?

Patients' expectations for their care have long been identified as a critical factor in patient satisfaction that has become a decisive element in hospital reimbursement. But the standard definition of expectations as the level of care patients imagine they would receive in the ideal hospital setting may be off the mark. Most patients do not enter the ideal hospital, so we need to focus on patients' expectations of their real nurses in the actual hospital they are entering. Nurses who are aware of patients' expectations of them may have a distinct advantage in influencing patients' expectations and thus positively affect patients' level of satisfaction with their nursing care. The author discusses what changes may need to occur to shift our focus toward the advantages of nurses becoming aware of patients expectations and reports on her initial efforts to study nurses' awareness of patients' expectations of them.
Clinical Characteristics of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: the National Survey in Korea from 2003 to 2007

Evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). According to the new IPF guidelines, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is an essential means of diagnosing IPF. We investigated the relationship between IPF and DM in patients treated between 2003 and 2007. Newly diagnosed IPF patients in large university teaching hospitals in Korea were enrolled from January 2003 to December 2007. We retrospectively analyzed 1,685 patients using the interstitial lung disease (ILD) registry. In total, 299 IPF patients (17.8%) also had DM. The mean age of our subjects was 68.0 ± 9.4 yr. HRCT showed significantly more reticular and honeycomb patterns in IPF patients with DM than in IPF patients without DM (P = 0.014, P = 0.028, respectively). Furthermore, significantly higher incidences of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and other malignancies (except lung cancer) were found in IPF patients with DM than in IPF patients without DM. In conclusion, IPF patients with DM are more likely to have the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, including reticular and honeycomb patterns, on HRCT than are those without DM.
Threats to the mobile enterprise: jurisprudence analysis of wardriving and warchalking

The mobile enterprise faces unique legal, security, ethical and technical risks as well as concerns that also apply to traditional businesses. This paper reviews the impact of warchalking and wardriving in a legal and security context with a view to formulating technical and legal policy suggestions for technologists, scientists, managers and government policy makers. To assist in addressing these problems, the researchers have developed a preliminary mobile enterprise security and legal (MELS) framework. It is adapted from the network security wheel and the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) security model. This paper outlines the types of threats that impact on the mobile enterprise and illustrates the reactions from international and national legal communities.
Wind accretion in binary stars — II. Accretion rates

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is used to estimate accretion rates of mass, linear and angular momentum in a binary system where one component undergoes mass loss through a wind. Physical parameters are chosen such as to model the alleged binary precursors of barium stars, whose chemical peculiarities are believed to result from the accretion of the wind from a companion that was formerly on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). The binary system modelled consists of a 3-M⊙ AGB star (losing mass at a rate 10-6 M⊙ yr-1) and a 1.5-M⊙ star on the main sequence, in a 3-au circular orbit. Three-dimensional simulations are performed for gases with polytropic indices γ = 1, 1.1 and 1.5, to bracket more realistic situations that would include radiative cooling. Mass accretion rates are found to depend on resolution, and we estimate typical values of 1-2 per cent for the γ = 1.5 case and 8 per cent for the other models. The highest resolution obtained (with 400000 particles) corresponds to an accretor of linear size ≈ 16 R⊙. Despite being (in the γ = 1.5 case) about 10 times smaller than theoretical estimates based on the Bondi-Hoyle prescription, the SPH accretion rates remain large enough to explain the pollution of barium stars. Uncertainties in the current SPH rates remain, however, owing to the simplified treatment of the wind acceleration mechanism, as well as to the absence of any cooling prescription and to the limited numerical resolution. Angular momentum transfer leads to significant spin-up of the accretor and can account for the rapid rotation of HD 165141, a barium star with a young white dwarf companion and a rotation rate unusually large among K giants. In the circular orbit modelled in this paper, hydrodynamic thrust and gravitational drag almost exactly compensate and so the net transfer of linear momentum is nearly zero. For small but finite eccentricities and the chosen set of parameters, the eccentricity tends to decrease.
Architecting On-Chip DRAM Cache for Simultaneous Miss Rate and Latency Reduction

On-chip dynamic random access memory (DRAM) cache has been recently employed in the memory hierarchy to mitigate the widening latency gap between high-speed cores and off-chip memory. Two important parameters are the DRAM cache miss rate (D$-MR) and the DRAM cache hit latency (D$-HL), as they strongly influence the performance. These parameters depend upon the DRAM set mapping policy. Recently proposed DRAM set mapping policies are predominantly optimized for either D$-MR or D$-HL. We propose novel DRAM set mapping policies that simultaneously reduce D$-MR (via high associativity) and D$-HL (via improved row buffer hit rates). To further improve the D$-HL, we propose a small and low latency DRAM Tag cache (DTC) structure that can quickly determine whether an access to the DRAM cache will be a hit or a miss. The performance of the proposed DTC depends upon the DTC hit rate. To increase it, we present a novel DTC insertion policy that also increases the DTC hit rate. We investigate the latency and miss rate tradeoffs when designing a DRAM cache hierarchy and analyze the effects of different policies on the overall performance. We evaluate our policies on a wide variety of workloads and compare its performance with three recent proposals for on-chip DRAM caches. For a 16-core system, our set mapping policy along with our DTC and its adaptive DTC insertion policy improve the harmonic mean instruction per cycle throughput by 25.4%, 15.5%, and 7.3% compared to state-of-the-art, while requiring 55% less storage overhead for DRAM cache hit/miss prediction.
The Poisson geometry of the conjugation quotient map for simple algebraic groups and deformed Poisson W-algebras

We define Poisson structures on certain transversal slices to conjugacy classes in complex simple algebraic groups introduced in arXiv:0809.0205. These slices are associated to the elements of the Weyl group, and the Poisson structures on them are analogous to the Poisson structures introduced by J. de Boer, T. Tjin and A. Premet in papers arXiv:hep-th/9211109 and this http URL on the Slodowy slices in complex simple Lie algebras. The quantum deformations of these Poisson structures are known as W-algebras of finite type. As an application of our definition we obtain some new Poisson structures on the coordinate rings of simple Kleinian singularities.
Teacher adaptation of document-based history curricula: results of the Reading Like a Historian curriculum-use survey

ABSTRACT Although most teachers adapt curriculum, we know little about teachers’ rationales for modifying materials, how these rationales align with actual modifications, nor whether any patterns exist in the modifications that teachers make. This is especially the case in history/social studies, where research on curriculum is scant and research on teacher adaptation of curriculum is virtually non-existent. This paper addresses that gap. We report the results of a large-scale survey on curriculum use with over 1900 history teachers. The online survey focused on how and why teachers use and adapt lesson materials from a free online history curriculum and prompted teachers to upload examples of curriculum materials they had modified. We found that individual differences among teachers correlated with particular types of modifications. Moreover, we found that teachers were motivated to modify materials to address their students’ needs, and that their modifications rarely affected the core structure – or theory of content – of the lessons. We argue that such alignment between teachers and curricular materials represents an example of curricular fit. We discuss what curricular design features may have contributed to the high level of curricular fit among users as well as the implications of this construct for curriculum implementation efforts across subject areas.
Design rainfall modelling in the Thames catchment

This paper examines methodologies for the simulation of storms for the purpose of design flood generation in the Thames region. Existing methods are reviewed and two new approaches are proposed. One combines point profiles of storms extracted from long rainfall records with depth-duration-frequency statistics. The other uses a stochastic rainfall model based upon the Poisson point process to generate data. Rainfall events simulated by these two methods are compared and the flood statistics obtained by inputting these events into a rainfall-runoff model are examined for a small catchment in Surrey, England. The Poisson based model is recommended as the more reliable.
Journey to the MBH-σ relation: the fate of low-mass black holes in the Universe

In this paper, we explore the establishment and evolution of the empirical correlation between black hole mass (MBH) and velocity dispersion (σ ) with redshift. We trace the growth and accretion history of massive black holes (MBHs) starting from high-redshift seeds that are planted via physically motivated prescriptions. Two seeding models are explored in this work: ‘light seeds’, derived from Population III remnants, and ‘heavy seeds’, derived from direct gas collapse. Even though the seeds themselves do not satisfy the M BH–σ relation initially, we find that the relation can be established and maintained at all times if self-regulating accretion episodes are associated with major mergers. The massive end of the M BH–σ relation is established early, and lower mass MBHs migrate on to it as hierarchical merging proceeds. How MBHs migrate towards the relation depends critically on the seeding prescription. Light seeds initially lie well below the M BH–σ relation, and MBHs can grow via steady accretion episodes unhindered by self-regulation. In contrast, for the heavy seeding model, MBHs are initially over-massive compared to the empirical correlation, and the host haloes assemble prior to kick-starting the growth of the MBH. We find that the existence of the M BH–σ correlation is purely a reflection of the merging hierarchy of massive dark matter haloes. The slope and scatter of the relation however appear to be a consequence of the seeding mechanism and the self-regulation prescription. We expect flux limited active galactic nucleus surveys to select MBHs that have already migrated on to the M BH–σ relation. Similarly, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is also likely to be biased towards detecting merging MBHs that preferentially inhabit the M BH–σ . These results are a consequence of major mergers being more common at high redshift for the most massive, biased, galaxies that host MBHs which have already migrated on to the M BH–σ relation. We also predict the existence of a large population of low-mass ‘hidden’ MBHs at high redshift which can easily escape detection. Additionally, we find that if MBH seeds are massive, ∼10 5 M� , the low-mass end of the M BH–σ flattens towards an asymptotic value, creating a characteristic ‘plume’.
On the ascent: the soleus operating length is conserved to the ascending limb of the force–length curve across gait mechanics in humans

SUMMARY The region over which skeletal muscles operate on their force–length (F–L) relationship is fundamental to the mechanics, control and economy of movement. Yet surprisingly little experimental data exist on normalized length operating ranges of muscle during human gait, or how they are modulated when mechanical demands (such as force output) change. Here we explored the soleus muscle (SOL) operating lengths experimentally in a group of healthy young adults by combining subject-specific F–L relationships with in vivo muscle imaging during gait. We tested whether modulation of operating lengths occurred between walking and running, two gaits that require different levels of force production and different muscle–tendon mechanics, and examined the relationship between optimal fascicle lengths (L0) and normalized operating lengths during these gaits. We found that the mean active muscle lengths reside predominantly on the ascending limbs of the F–L relationship in both gaits (walk, 0.70–0.94 L0; run, 0.65–0.99 L0). Furthermore, the mean normalized muscle length at the time of the peak activation of the muscle was the same between the two gaits (0.88 L0). The active operating lengths were conserved, despite a fundamentally different fascicle strain pattern between walking (stretch–shorten cycle) and running (near continuous shortening). Taken together, these findings indicate that the SOL operating length is highly conserved, despite gait-dependent differences in muscle–tendon dynamics, and appear to be preferentially selected for stable force production compared with optimal force output (although length-dependent force capacity is high when maximal forces are expected to occur). Individuals with shorter L0 undergo smaller absolute muscle excursions (P<0.05) so that the normalized length changes during walking and running remain independent of L0. The correlation between L0 and absolute length change was not explained on the basis of muscle moment arms or joint excursion, suggesting that regulation of muscle strain may occur via tendon stretch.
Plantar fat-pad displacement in neuropathic diabetic patients with toe deformity: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify the association between claw/hammer toe deformity and changes in submetatarsal head (sub-MTH) fat-pad geometry in diabetic neuropathic feet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen neuropathic diabetic subjects (mean age 56.2 years) with toe deformity, 13 age- and sex-matched neuropathic diabetic control subjects without deformity, and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects without deformity were examined. From high-resolution sagittal plane magnetic resonance images of the second and third ray of the foot, toe angle (a measure of deformity), sub-MTH fat-pad thickness, and subphalangeal fat-pad thickness were measured. The ratio of these thicknesses was used to indicate fat-pad displacement. RESULTS Sub-MTH fat pads were significantly thinner (2.5 +/- 1.3 vs. 6.0 +/- 1.4 mm, P < 0.001) and subphalangeal fat pads significantly thicker (9.1 +/- 1.9 vs. 7.6 +/- 1.2 mm, P < 0.005) in the neuropathic group with deformity compared with neuropathic control subjects. As a result, thickness ratio was substantially smaller in the deformity group: 0.28 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.14 in neuropathic control subjects (P < 0.001). A significant correlation of 0.85 was present between toe angle and thickness ratio (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between neuropathic and healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a distal displacement and subsequent thinning of the sub-MTH fat pads in neuropathic diabetic patients with toe deformity and suggests that, as a result, the capacity of the tissue in this region to reduce focal plantar pressure is severely compromised. This condition is likely to increase the risk of plantar ulceration in these patients.
Automatic Synthesis of Computationally Efficient Interest Point Detectors

With the arrival of the trend of integrating powerful graphics processing units into modern hand-held devices, performing complex computations is becoming feasible to the point that allows developers to deploy augmented realityenabled smart-phone applications. This work aims to tackle the challenges of establishing an efficient pipeline of image processing tasks involved therein. We focus on the automatic synthesis of the interest point detection operator using a multiobjective genetic programming (MOGP) framework that promotes properties suitable for detecting local features in cluttered scenes. In previous works, three properties chosen as the genetic programming (GP) search objectives have been used: stability, point dispersion, and information content. We seek to expand this approach with a fourth objective that emphasizes computational efficiency, taking parallelizability of algorithms into account. The produced operators are then validated using a set of images with appropriate content and compared with the results of existing approaches. Finally, the most promising Pareto-optimal operators are efficiently implemented in the Android RenderScript framework for use in Android mobile applications.
Early Word‐Learning and Conceptual Development: Everything had a Name, and Each Name Gave Birth to a New Thought

Sandra R. Waxman & Erin M. Leddon Northwestern University Synopsis Perhaps more than any other developmental achievement, word-learning stands at the very intersection of language and cognition. Early word-learning represents infants’ entrance into a truly symbolic system and brings with it a means to establish reference. To succeed, infants must identify the relevant linguistic units, identify their corresponding concepts, and establish a mapping between the two. But how do infants begin to map words to concepts, and thus establish their meaning? How do they discover that different types of words (e.g., “dog” (noun), “fluffy” (adjective), “begging” (verb) refer to different aspects of the same scene (e.g, a standard poodle, seated on its hind legs and holding its front paws in the air)? We have proposed that infants begin the task of word-learning with a broad, universal expectation linking novel words to a broad range of commonalities, and that this initial expectation is subsequently fine-tuned on the basis of their experience with the objects and events they encounter and the native language under acquisition. In this chapter, we examine this proposal, in light of recent evidence with infants and young children.