Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of lasalocid on weight gains, ruminal fermentation and forage intake of stocker cattle grazing winter wheat pasture.

Fifty fall-weaned heifers with initial weights of 209 kg (yr 1) and 222 kg (yr 2) were used to determine effects of lasalocid on weight gains, forage intake and ruminal fermentation of stocker cattle grazing winter wheat pasture. The heifers grazed a single wheat pasture for about 100 d each year, and were individually fed 1.06 kg of supplement (6 d/wk) pro-rated to supply 0, 100 or 200 mg lasalocid.head-1.d-1. Also, eight mature Hereford steers with large rumen cannula were used to evaluate further effects of lasalocid (0 or 300 mg) on ruminal fermentation during two grazing periods (immature and mature wheat forage) of yr 2 and an additional third year. Daily gains of heifers fed 200 mg lasalocid/d were . 11 kg greater (P less than .05) than those of heifers fed 0 or 100 mg lasalocid/d. One hundred milligrams lasalocid did not increase weight gains. Digestibilities of forage dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) were similar (P greater than .05) among treatments, and lasalocid did not affect (P greater than .10) forage intake. Ruminal ammonia concentrations (10.57, 15.22 and 17.81 mg/dl +/- 1.71) were increased (P less than .05) by both levels of lasalocid in yr 1, but differences among treatment means of 8.32, 11.95 and 11.66 (SE +/- 1.44) were not significant in yr 2. Lasalocid did not consistently affect total volatile fatty acids concentrations. The acetic:propionic acid ratios in heifers were not different (P greater than .05) among treatments, but were decreased (P less than .10) by lasalocid in cannulated steers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cerebellar vermis is a target of projections from the motor areas in the cerebral cortex

The cerebellum has a medial, cortico-nuclear zone consisting of the cerebellar vermis and the fastigial nucleus. Functionally, this zone is concerned with whole-body posture and locomotion. The vermis classically is thought to be included within the “spinocerebellum” and to receive somatic sensory input from ascending spinal pathways. In contrast, the lateral zone of the cerebellum is included in the “cerebro-cerebellum” because it is densely interconnected with the cerebral cortex. Here we report the surprising result that a portion of the vermis receives dense input from the cerebral cortex. We injected rabies virus into lobules VB–VIIIB of the vermis and used retrograde transneuronal transport of the virus to define disynaptic inputs to it. We found that large numbers of neurons in the primary motor cortex and in several motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere project to the vermis. Thus, our results challenge the classical view of the vermis and indicate that it no longer should be considered as entirely isolated from the cerebral cortex. Instead, lobules VB–VIIIB represent a site where the cortical motor areas can influence descending control systems involved in the regulation of whole-body posture and locomotion. We argue that the projection from the cerebral cortex to the vermis is part of the neural substrate for anticipatory postural adjustments and speculate that dysfunction of this system may underlie some forms of dystonia.
The John Insall Award: Patient Expectations Affect Satisfaction with Total Knee Arthroplasty

Satisfaction with the outcome of total knee arthroplasty is highly variable, with a small but significant percentage of patients reporting dissatisfaction with the procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors contribute to patient satisfaction with total knee replacement (TKR), and their relative importance. At a minimum of 1 year post unilateral primary TKR, 253 patients completed a self-administered, validated “Knee Function Questionnaire,” which examined each patient's participation in a broad range of activities involving the knee, their level of satisfaction, and the extent to which TKR had fulfilled their expectations. The association between function, expectation and satisfaction was examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Seventy-five percent of patients were either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with their knee replacement, while 14% were “dissatisfied” or “very dissatisfied. ” Satisfaction correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with age less than 60, absence of residual symptoms, fulfillment of expectations, and absence of functional impairment. Satisfaction with TKR is primarily determined by patients' expectations, and not their absolute level of function. Real improvements in the outcome of TKA must address prevention of residual pain, stiffness and swelling, and each patient's preoperative concept of the likely outcome of these procedures. Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Detecting and Exploiting Narrow Bitwidth Computations

Many important applications perform computations on non-standard bit-width values; mapping them to word-based processing units is wasteful of resources and results in suboptimal performance. While there are some processor architecture innovations which take advantage of varying bit-widths, compiler optimizations lag far behind. We present a compiler algorithm which infers minimal widths and constant bits using several program analyses. We present forward analyses, which compute the signs, find bits independent of the inputs and find constant bits; we describe a backward analysis, which discovers bits unused by the output; we also describe a mixing analysis, which trims all unnecessary work from the computation, by using the results of the other analyses. We show how these techniques can be used in a compiler for reconfigurable hardware to achieve substantial reductions in the size of the synthesized circuits (up to 20 times). We also show how the algorithm can be used to analyze C programs, and present results for two of the programs in the Mediabench.
A Theory of Systemic Risk and Design of Prudential Bank Regulation

Systemic risk is modeled as the endogenously chosen correlation of returns on assets held by banks. The limited liability of banks and the presence of a negative externality of one bank's failure on the health of other banks give rise to a systemic risk-shifting incentive where all banks undertake correlated investments, thereby increasing economy-wide aggregate risk. Regulatory mechanisms such as bank closure policy and capital adequacy requirements that are commonly based only on a bank's own risk fail to mitigate aggregate risk-shifting incentives, and can, in fact, accentuate systemic risk. Prudential regulation is shown to operate at a collective level, regulating each bank as a function of both its joint (correlated) risk with other banks as well as its individual (bank-specific) risk.
Functional applications of electrospun nanofibers

With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology over the last two decades, great progress has been made not only in preparation and characterization of nanomaterials, but also in their functional applications. As an important one-dimensional nanomaterial, nanofibers have extremely high specific surface area because of their small diameters, and nanofiber membranes are highly porous with excellent pore interconnectivity. These unique characteristics plus the functionalities from the polymers themselves impart nanofibers with many desirable properties for advanced applications.
Far-field Source Signature Reconstruction Using Direct Arrival Data

For accurate source designature it is fundamental to have precise knowledge of the seismic far-field source signature. While near-field hydrophone data can often be used to provide good quality signatures, such recordings are not always available. This paper describes a technique to extract the far-field signature from the inversion of direct arrivals present in the seismic streamer data. The method has been applied to a deep water survey offshore Gabon, and has been found to produce comparable results to those using data recorded from near-field hydrophones mounted above the air guns on the seismic source array. The method presents advantages for the reprocessing of legacy surveys to achieve a more broadband seismic result.
A Low-Power Interface for Eddy Current Displacement Sensors in Sub-Micron Applications

In this paper we present a low-power interface for eddy current displacement sensors with digital output. A measurement method and a new front-end circuit are proposed. The front-end circuit demonstrates an excellent thermal stability, high-resolution and low power consumption. The demodulation principle, as well as the interface implementation, is addressed. This interface is introduced for measuring sub-micron displacements in medium to high-resolution applications. The system will consume less than 12 mW, and will have an extremely low thermal drift. The interface circuits will be implemented as a system in a package (SIP). The full-scale range of displacement is 1 mm with 50 KHz signal bandwidth and 11 bits resolution (less than 500 nm). The signal conditioning circuit utilizes a standard 0.35 mum CMOS technology. The discussions are based on simulations and preliminary experimental results, promising a proper operation of the sensor.
Towards Lower Bounds on Number of Dimensions for Word Embeddings

Word embeddings are a relatively new addition to the modern NLP researcher’s toolkit. However, unlike other tools, word embeddings are used in a black box manner. There are very few studies regarding various hyperparameters. One such hyperparameter is the dimension of word embeddings. They are rather decided based on a rule of thumb: in the range 50 to 300. In this paper, we show that the dimension should instead be chosen based on corpus statistics. More specifically, we show that the number of pairwise equidistant words of the corpus vocabulary (as defined by some distance/similarity metric) gives a lower bound on the the number of dimensions , and going below this bound results in degradation of quality of learned word embeddings. Through our evaluations on standard word embedding evaluation tasks, we show that for dimensions higher than or equal to the bound, we get better results as compared to the ones below it.
SOS induction in mycobacteria: analysis of the DNA‐binding activity of a LexA‐like repressor and its role in DNA damage induction of the recA gene from Mycobacterium smegmatis

The protein encoded by the lexA gene from Mycobacterium leprae was overproduced in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein bound to the promoter regions of the M. leprae lexA, M. leprae recA and M. smegmatis recA genes at sites with the sequences 5′‐GAACACATGTTT and 5′‐GAACAGGTGTTC, which belong to the ‘Cheo box’ family of binding sites recognized by the SOS repressor from Bacillus subtilis. Gel mobility shift assays were used to confirm that proteins with the same site specificity of DNA binding are also present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. smegmatis. Complex formation was impaired by mutagenic disruption of the dyad symmetry of the M. smegmatis recA Cheo box. LexA binding was also inhibited by preincubation of the M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis extracts with anti‐M. leprae LexA antibodies, suggesting that the mycobacterial LexA proteins are functionally conserved at the level of DNA binding. Finally, exposure of M. smegmatis to DNA‐damaging agents resulted in induction of the M. smegmatis recA promoter with concomitant loss of DNA binding of LexA to its Cheo box, confirming that this organism possesses the key regulatory elements of a functional SOS induction system.
Syntactic differences and foreign language reading anxiety: An investigation of Taiwanese university students

ii Dedication.iv Acknowledgments.v Vita. vii List of Tables.xiv List of Figures. xvii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Background.1 1.1.1 Studies on Foreign Language Reading Anxiety.6 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 7 1.3 Research Questions.12 1.4 Significance of the Study.13 1.5 Definition of Terms.14 1.6 Basic Assumptions.16 1.7 Limitations.17
Stochastic performance guarantees for mixed workloads in a multimedia information system

We present an approach to stochastic performance guarantees for multimedia servers with mixed workloads. Advanced multimedia applications such as digital libraries or teleteaching exhibit a mixed workload with accesses to both "continuous" and conventional, "discrete" data, where the fractions of continuous data and discrete data requests vary over time. We assume that a server shares all disks among continuous and discrete data, and we develop a stochastic performance model for the resulting mixed workload, using a combination of analytic and simulation based modeling. Based on this model we devise a round based scheduling scheme with stochastic performance guarantees: for continous data requests, we bound the probability that "glitches" occur and for discrete data requests, we bound the probability that the response time exceeds a certain tolerance threshold. We present early results of simulation studies.
A study of bone marrow failure syndrome in children.

BACKGROUND Bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS), or aplastic anemia, includes peripheral blood single cytopenias, as well as pancytopenia due to inability of the marrow to effectively produce blood cells. AIM To study the clinico-hematological profile and etiological factors of bone marrow failure syndrome in children. SETTING AND DESIGN This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics of a university teaching hospital over 36 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children with pancytopenia (Hb 9 /L, platelet count<100x10(9)/L) and bone marrow cellularity<25% were included in the study. History of exposure to drugs, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and occupation of father were noted. Bone marrow aspiration; trephine biopsy; Ham test; viral studies for hepatitis A, B and C; and cytogenetic investigations were carried out. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Relative risk was estimated by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in matched cases and controls. RESULTS Of the 53 children studied, 6 (11.3%) were diagnosed as Fanconi anemia. Two cases had features of myelodysplastic syndrome. Forty-five children were labeled as acquired aplastic anemia, of whom one had evidence of hepatitis B infection and two patients (5.8%) had paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Aplastic anemia was more common in children from family with lower socioeconomic status; in Muslims; and where the father's occupation was weaving, dyeing and painting. However, the number was small to make statistically significant conclusions. No correlation could be established with exposure to drugs. CONCLUSION Fanconi anemia was responsible for approximately one-tenth of the cases of bone marrow failure syndrome. Majority of the patients had acquired aplastic anemia. Hepatitis B infection was an uncommon cause of acquired aplastic anemia.
Review: individual psychotherapy may be an effective treatment for people with bulimia nervosa

Study selection and analysis: Randomised controlled trials, using validated outcome measures, comparing mainly face-toface psychosocial treatments for bulimia with either a control condition or an alternative treatment were included. Exclusions: naturalistic studies, studies in uncommon subtypes of bulimia, not published in English, or fewer than 10 participants. Data were extracted on number of participants, losses to follow up, effect size for binge eating and purging (Cohen’s d; treatment-control and pre-post), percentage recovery (defined as complete recovery or recovery from purging), mean post-treatment symptoms (mean weekly binge eating and purging episodes), and percentage of participants seeking further treatment during follow up.
The Thermonuclear Explosion of Chandrasekhar Mass White Dwarfs

The flame born in the deep interior of a white dwarf that becomes a Type Ia supernova is subject to several instabilities, the combination of which determines the observational characteristics of the explosion. We briefly review these instabilities and discuss the length scales for which each dominates. Their cumulative effect is to accelerate the speed of the flame beyond its laminar value, but that acceleration has uncertain time and angle dependence which has allowed numerous solutions to be proposed (e.g., deflagration, delayed detonation, pulsational deflagration, and pulsational detonation). We discuss the conditions necessary for each of these events and the attendant uncertainties. A grid of critical masses for detonation in the range 107-2 × 109 g cm-3 is calculated and its sensitivity to composition explored. The conditions for prompt detonation are discussed. Such explosions are physically improbable and appear unlikely on observational grounds. Simple deflagrations require some means of boosting the flame speed beyond what currently exists in the literature. “Active turbulent combustion” and multipoint ignition are presented as two plausible ways of doing this. A deflagration that moves at the “Sharp-Wheeler” speed, 0.1geff t, is calculated in one dimension and shows that a healthy explosion is possible in a simple deflagration if fuel can be efficiently burned behind a front that moves with the speed of the fastest floating bubbles generated by the nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The relevance of the transition to the “distributed regime” of turbulent nuclear burning is discussed for delayed and pulsational detonations. This happens when the flame speed has slowed to the point that turbulence can actually penetrate the flame thickness and may be advantageous for producing the high fuel temperatures and gentle temperature gradients necessary for detonation. No model emerges without difficulties, but detonation in the distributed regime is plausible, will produce intermediate-mass elements, and warrants further study. The other two leading models, simple deflagration and pulsational detonation, are mutually exclusive.
Role of Calcineurin and Protein Phosphatase‐2A in the Regulation of DARPP‐32 Dephosphorylation in Neostriatal Neurons

Abstract: DARPP‐32, a dopamine‐ and cyclic AMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa, is phosphorylated on Thr34 by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase, resulting in its conversion to a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase‐1 (PP‐1). Conversely, Thr34‐phosphorylated DARPP‐32 is dephosphorylated and inactivated in vitro by calcineurin and protein phosphatase‐2A (PP‐2A). We have investigated the relative contributions of these protein phosphatases to the regulation of DARPP‐32 dephosphorylation in mouse neostriatal slices. Cyclosporin A (5 μM), a calcineurin inhibitor, maximally increased the level of phosphorylated DARPP‐32 by 17 ± 2‐fold. Okadaic acid (1 μM), an inhibitor of PP‐1 and PP‐2A, had a smaller effect, increasing phospho‐DARPP‐32 by 5.1 ± 1.3‐fold. The effect of okadaic acid on DARPP‐32 phosphorylation was shown to be due to inhibition of PP‐2A activity. Incubation of slices in the presence of cyclosporin A plus either okadaic acid or calyculin A, another PP‐1/PP‐2A inhibitor, caused a synergistic increase in the level of phosphorylated DARPP‐32. The use of Ca2+‐free/EGTA medium mimicked the effects of cyclosporin A on DARPP‐32 phosphorylation, supporting the conclusion that the action of cyclosporin on DARPP‐32 phosphorylation was attributable to blockade of the Ca2+‐dependent activation of calcineurin. The results indicate that calcineurin and PP‐2A, but not PP‐1, act synergistically to maintain a low level of phosphorylated DARPP‐32 in neostriatal slices.
Work orientations and well/ill -being of elementary school teachers

Since, according to recent studies in positive psychology, well-being of teachers is important factor in their effectiveness it would be worth finding out what contributes to teachers’ well- being. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between teachers’ work orientations and their well-being and ill-being. The sample comprised 295 classroom teachers and 259 subject elementary school teachers from Zagreb area. In order to measure teachers’ well-being and ill-being, the following instruments were used: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), Job Satisfaction - Single Item Scale (Scarpello & Campbell, 1983), Emotional Exhaustion (Maslach et al., 1996), Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (Watson et al., 1988). Teachers' work orientations were measured using the modified University of Pennsylvania Work–Life Questionnaire (Wrzesniewski et al., 1997). MANCOVA results showed that class teachers were more satisfied with their work, less emotionally exhausted, approached work more frequently as calling and career, and less frequently solely as a mean of financial security. The results of hierarchical regression analysis suggested that calling orientation was significant positive, and job orientation significant negative predictor of well-being, while opposite was found for ill- being. It was concluded that calling orientation can increase psychological well-being and decrease ill-being. On the other hand, job orientation (work just for financial security) can increase ill-being and decrease well-being. Results of present study could have practical implications for teacher education and professional counseling.
The Role of Expectations in Economics as a Social Science

IN modern theory the introd-uction of expectations has opened new vistas to the economist and, at the same time, set him a new problem. It has made him realise that economic action concerned with the future, so far from being strictly determined by a set of objective " data ", is often decided upon in a penumbra of doubt and uncertainty, vague hopes and inarticulate fears, in which ultimate decision may well depend on mental alertness, ability to read the signs of a changing world, and readiness to face the unknown. But it has also compelled him to reflect on the causal explanation of expectations, to ask himself wlhy they are what they are. This problem bristles with difficulties. Given this fact and the natural proclivity of every science to become more limited in scope as it grows more conscious of its premisses, it was perhaps inevitable that economists confronted with this problem should have attempted to dispose of it by relegating expectations to the category of " data " alongside with wants, resources, and the technical facts of production. This line was in fact taken by Lord Keynes,' Dr. Morgenstern,2 Professor Myrdal,3 and Dr. RosensteinRodan.4 But it is readily seen that expectations must feel ill at ease in this company. What entitles us to treat wants and resources as data and disinterest ourselves in their causal derivation is the simple fact that qua economists we have nothing to say about them. Why the geographical distribution of mineral resources is what it is, why the cinema-going public of the 1930's preferred moving pictures directed by Rene Clair to moving pictures directed by Ernst Lubitsch, are in themselves interesting questions, but the economist has no answer to them. Expectations, on the other hand, are on a somewhat different plane as they are, while wants and resources are not, largely the result of the experience of economic processes. It is therefore