Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
5-Fluorouracil Induced Intestinal Mucositis via Nuclear Factor-κB Activation by Transcriptomic Analysis and In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of malignant cancers. However, approximately 80% of patients undergoing 5-FU treatment suffer from gastrointestinal mucositis. The aim of this report was to identify the drug target for the 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis was established by intraperitoneally administering mice with 100 mg/kg 5-FU. Network analysis of gene expression profile and bioluminescent imaging were applied to identify the critical molecule associated with 5-FU-induced mucositis. Our data showed that 5-FU induced inflammation in the small intestine, characterized by the increased intestinal wall thickness and crypt length, the decreased villus height, and the increased myeloperoxidase activity in tissues and proinflammatory cytokine production in sera. Network analysis of 5-FU-affected genes by transcriptomic tool showed that the expression of genes was regulated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and NF-κB was the central molecule in the 5-FU-regulated biological network. NF-κB activity was activated by 5-FU in the intestine, which was judged by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemical staining. However, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) inhibited 5-FU-induced NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, 5-FU-induced histological changes were improved by 5-ASA. In conclusion, our findings suggested that NF-κB was the critical molecule associated with the pathogenesis of 5-FU-induced mucositis, and inhibition of NF-κB activity ameliorated the mucosal damage caused by 5-FU.
Capacity Enhancement in Hybrid Wireless Relay Network with Network Coding

Network coding technique increases wireless network communication efficiency. Wireless multihop relay network has been shown to achieve capacity gain over conventional single-hop wireless networks. Hybrid wireless relay networks integrate multihop ad hoc relay and infrastructure base stations to achieve better wireless network performance. Applying the promising network coding technique to hybrid wireless relay networks could increase wireless network capacity. Capacity of multihop cellular network with network coding is derived. To enhance network throughput, data forwarding strategy is proposed to determine if a packet should be transmitted through intra-cell ad hoc relay, inter-cell ad hoc relay, or infrastructure-assisted inter-cell transmission.
Associative EPSP‐‐spike potentiation induced by pairing orthodromic and antidromic stimulation in rat hippocampal slices.

1. Pairing low‐frequency orthodromic stimulation with high‐frequency antidromic conditioning of pyramidal cells in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus resulted in long‐lasting potentiation of the extracellular population spike of the cells, without an accompanying increase in the extracellular excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), indicating an increase in EPSP‐spike (E‐S) coupling, also called E‐S potentiation. 2. The amplitude of the antidromically conditioned E‐S potentiation took up to 60 min to reach its peak, much longer than synaptic long‐term potentiation (LTP) induced by orthodromic tetanic stimulation. 3. The population spike amplitude of a control orthodromic input, which stimulated a separate set of fibres and which was inactive during the pairing, was also increased in over half the slices tested. That it can affect a silent pathway suggests that antidromically conditioned E‐S potentiation is not generated locally at tetanized synapses. 4. Bath application of 50 microM D,L‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (AP5) blocked induction of antidromically conditioned E‐S potentiation. After washing out the AP5, the same stimulation resulted in population spike increases. This suggests that activation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor is necessary for the induction of this form of E‐S potentiation. 5. Application of 10 microM picrotoxin and/or 10 microM bicuculline, which block inhibition mediated by gamma‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors, did not reduce antidromically conditioned E‐S potentiation. Thus, plasticity in GABAA‐mediated inhibition cannot account for the increased population spike amplitude. 6. E‐S potentiation did not increase the amplitude of either extracellular or intracellular EPSPs recorded at the cell body.
Fibre sequences and localization of simplicial sheaves

In this paper, we discuss the theory of quasi-fibrations in proper Bousfield localizations of model categories of simplicial sheaves. We provide a construction of fibrewise localization and use this construction to generalize a criterion for locality of fibre sequences due to Berrick and Dror Farjoun. The result allows a better understanding of unstable A^1-homotopy theory.
Association of an Extracellular Matrix Gene Cluster with Breast Cancer Prognosis and Endocrine Therapy Response

Purpose: We previously discovered an extracellular matrix (ECM) gene cluster associated with resistance to first-line tamoxifen therapy of patients with metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we determined whether the six individual ECM genes [collagen 1A1 (COL1A1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), lysyl oxidase (LOX), secreted protein acidic cysteine-rich (SPARC), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), and tenascin C (TNC)] were associated with treatment response, prognosis, or both. Experimental Design: In 1,286 primary breast tumors, mRNA expression (quantitative real-time PCR) was related to clinicopathologic factors and disease outcome in univariate and multivariate analysis including traditional factors. Results:TIMP3, FN1, LOX, and SPARC expression levels (continuous variables) were significantly associated with distant metastasis-free survival (MFS) in 680 lymph node–negative untreated patients (P < 0.03). Using a calculated linear prognostic score, these patients were evenly divided into five prognostic groups with a significant difference in 10-year MFS of ∼40% between the two extreme prognostic groups. Furthermore, high TNC expression as continuous variable was associated with (a) shorter MFS in 139 estrogen receptor–positive and lymph node–positive patients who received adjuvant tamoxifen therapy (hazard ratio, 1.53; P = 0.001), and (b) no clinical benefit (odds ratio, 0.81; P = 0.035) and shorter progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.19; P = 0.002) in 240 patients in whom recurrence was treated with tamoxifen as first-line monotherapy. These results were also significant in multivariate analyses. Conclusion:FN1, LOX, SPARC, and TIMP3 expression levels are associated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancers, whereas TNC is associated with resistance to tamoxifen therapy. Further validation and functional studies are necessary to determine the use of these ECM genes in decisions regarding treatment and whether they can serve as targets for therapy.
Quantitative modeling of category learning in amnesic patients

Category rule learning was examined in two amnesic patients using the perceptual categorization task (e.g., Ashby & Gott, 1988; Filoteo & Maddox, 1999). Traditional accuracy-based analyses as well as quantitative model-based analyses were performed. Unlike accuracy-based analyses, the model-based approach allowed us to examine both categorization rule learning and variability in the trial-by-trial application of the participant's categorization rule. The results indicated that the amnesic patients were as accurate as the controls in learning a complex, nonlinear rule over a large number of trials. The model-based analysis indicated that, in general, the amnesic patients learned the categorization rule as well as controls and applied their rule as consistently as controls. Categorization performance on a second day of testing revealed that amnesic patients can retain the categorization rule over a 24-h period. These results suggest that the brain regions damaged in amnesia are not involved in category learning or memory for the category structures. (JINS, 2001, 7, 1–19.)
Modeling Context-sensitive Selectional Preference with Distributed Representations

This paper proposes a novel problem setting of selectional preference (SP) between a predicate and its arguments, called as context-sensitive SP (CSP). CSP models the narrative consistency between the predicate and preceding contexts of its arguments, in addition to the conventional SP based on semantic types. Furthermore, we present a novel CSP model that extends the neural SP model (Van de Cruys, 2014) to incorporate contextual information into the distributed representations of arguments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CSP model successfully learns CSP and outperforms the conventional SP model in coreference cluster ranking.
Reward and punishment sensitivity in women with gambling disorder or compulsive buying: Implications in treatment outcome

Background and aims Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory has been widely applied to different clinical populations, but few studies have reported empirical evidence based on this theory for treatment outcomes in patients with gambling disorder (GD) and compulsive buying (CB). The aims of this study were to explore the association between clinical variables and personality traits with reward and punishment sensitivity (RPS) levels in women (n = 88) who met diagnostic criteria for GD (n = 61) and CB (n = 27), and to determine the predictive capacity of RPS for primary short-term outcomes in a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention. Methods The CBT intervention consisted of 12 weekly sessions. Data on patients’ personality traits, RPS levels, psychopathology, sociodemographic factors, GD, and CB behavior were used in our analysis. Results High RPS levels were associated with higher psychopathology in both CB and GD, and were a risk factor for dropout in the CB group. In the GD group, higher reward sensitivity scores increased the risk of dropout. Discussion and conclusions Our findings suggest that both sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment independently condition patients’ response to treatment for behavioral addictions. The authors uphold that CBT interventions for such addictions could potentially be enhanced by taking RPS into consideration.
An Efficient Identity-Based Batch Verification Scheme for Vehicular Sensor Networks

With the adoption of state-of-the-art telecommunication technologies for sensing and collecting traffic related information, Vehicular Sensor Networks (VSNs) have emerged as a new application scenario that is envisioned to revolutionize the human driving experiences and traffic flow control systems. To avoid any possible malicious attack and resource abuse, employing a digital signature scheme is widely recognized as the most effective approach for VSNs to achieve authentication, integrity, and validity. However, when the number of signatures received by a Roadside Unit (RSU) becomes large, a scalability problem emerges immediately, where the RSU could be difficult to sequentially verify each received signature within 300 ms interval according to the current Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) broadcast protocol. In this paper, we introduce an efficient batch signature verification scheme for communications between vehicles and RSUs (or termed vehicle- to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications), in which an RSU can verify multiple received signatures at the same time such that the total verification time can be dramatically reduced. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve conditional privacy preservation that is essential in VSNs, where each message launched by a vehicle is mapped to a distinct pseudo identity, while a trust authority can always retrieve the real identity of a vehicle from any pseudo identity. With the proposed scheme, since identity-based cryptography is employed in generating private keys for pseudo identities, certificates are not needed and thus transmission overhead can be significantly reduced.
Components and Functions of Communication During Initial Interaction, With Extrapolations to Beyond

Uncertainty reduction theory has been used to explain communication behavior in initial interaction as well as in more developed relationships. An extension of uncertainty reduction theory is predicted outcome value, in which individuals expect affiliation or attraction as a possible outcome during initial encounters. A complete theory of uncertainty reduction and its relation to affiliative outcomes requires an understanding of the relations among three components of any communicative encounter: preinteraction expectancies about another’s anticipated communication behavior, the structure of the interaction (e.g., behavioral actions and reactions that evolve over the course of a conversation), and the outcome of uncertainty reduction (e.g., affiliation, more certainty, ambiguity). This essay examines the relations among these communicative components in expectancy-outcome studies in which behavior is ignored, in expectancy-structure studies that link expectancies to behavioral responses, in structure-outc.
Prophylactic Valproic Acid Treatment Prevents Schizophrenia-Related Behaviour in Disc1-L100P Mutant Mice

Background Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with onset early in adulthood. Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Disc1-L100P mutant mice show behaviors relevant to schizophrenia at 12 weeks, but not at 8 weeks of age, and may be useful for investigating the onset of schizophrenia in early adulthood. Methods We investigated whether early valproic acid treatment would prevent behavioral, cellular and gene expression abnormalities in Disc1-L100P mutants. Results Valproic acid prevented hyperactivity and deficits in prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition in Disc1-L100P mice. Genome-wide transcription profiling identified Lcn2 (lipocalin2) transcripts as being elevated by the Disc1 mutation and corrected by valproate. Disc1-L100P mice also had increased glial cell numbers in the subventricular zone, which was normalized by valproate. Genetic deletion of Lcn2 normalized glial cell numbers and behavior in Disc1-L100P mutants. Conclusions Pharmacological treatments are a feasible way of preventing abnormal behaviour in a genetic model of schizophrenia. Lcn2 is a potential novel drug target for early intervention in schizophrenia.
Aِssessment of sediment yield for Wala dam catchment area in Jordan

This study presents an application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), associated with Geographic Information System (GIS) to simulate the hydrology, soil erosion and sedimentation of Wala dam catchment (2000 km) in Jordan. Model calibration (for the period May 1972 to October 1979) and verification (for the period October 1990 to September 1998) were carried out using flow rate and sediment yield data observed at Wala flow station and the results were satisfactory with acceptable statistical measures. Simulated results predicted average sediment yields of 143780 ton/year and 123100 ton/year for the prediction periods November 2002-December 2007 and 2008-2020, respectively. Predicted results indicated that the western and northern sub-basins yield more water to the dam reservoir and are more susceptible to soil erosion and sediment yields. The study suggested soil conservation and sediment reduction measures to control soil loss and maintain storage of water in Wala dam reservoir. The present work could assist in quantifying sediment yields in the long-term as well as in identifying the most susceptible areas within the catchment in order to assist policy makers in taking cost-effective management decisions.
Time‐resolved Microscopy of Chromatin In Vitro and In Vivo ¶

In eukaryotic cell nuclei, double‐stranded DNA is found in the form of chromatin, a large fiber made up of DNA complexed to histone proteins. In this article, recent studies using fluorescence techniques to look at the dynamics of chromatin, both in vivo and in vitro, are reviewed. Two‐photon counter‐propagating fluorescence recovery after patterned photobleaching is used to examine chromatin fluctuations on lengthscales ranging from less than 100 nm to microns. By combining in vivo studies with data on isolated nuclei and by measuring how these fluctuations depend on variables like ionic strength and photochemical cross‐linking, it is demonstrated that the relatively large‐scale motions of chromatin observed in vivo are consistent with smaller scale modifications of the histone‐DNA interaction. This connection may provide a means to use conformational dynamics as an in vivo probe of the biochemical events involved in gene expression.
Lactose intolerance and self-reported milk intolerance: relationship with lactose maldigestion and nutrient intake. Lactase Deficiency Study Group.

BACKGROUND The relationship between lactose-maldigestion, self-reported milk intolerance and gastrointestinal symptoms has not been clearly defined. OBJECTIVES To evaluate: a) the prevalence of lactose maldigestion and lactose intolerance in a sample of the general population taken from a rural center; b) the frequency of self-reported milk-intolerance and its correlation with lactose-maldigestion; c) the influence of lactose maldigestion, lactose intolerance and self-reported milk intolerance on dietary habits and consumption of total calories, protein, and calcium. SUBJECTS We studied a randomized sample of the general population in a small center in Sicily. 323 subjects (150 males, 173 females), age range 5 to 85 years (median 44) were included and underwent H2-breath test after 25 g lactose load. The preliminary dietary investigation spanned 7 consecutive days using a printed dietary form and was under the daily control of a team of dietitians. METHODS The dietary investigation was completed in the first part of the study and the results were analyzed for nutrient composition by a computerized database. The subjects were then divided into self-reported milk-intolerants and self-reported milk-tolerants and they underwent H2 breath testing; subjects with H2 concentration >20 ppm over the baseline concentration were considered maldigesters and those with one or more symptoms were classified as intolerants. RESULTS 104/323 subjects (32.2%) were lactose maldigesters but tolerants, while 13/323 (4%) were lactose maldigesters and intolerants. In each age-class group (pediatric, adult, and elderly subjects) only the lactose maldigester and intolerant subjects showed differences in nutrient intake with a significantly lower daily consumption of milk and a lower calcium intake. 49/323 subjects were self-reported milk-intolerants; of these, 26 (53%) were lactose maldigesters but tolerants, 18 (37%) were lactose digesters and tolerants and only 5 (10%) were lactose maldigesters and intolerants. In the whole group of self-reported milk-intolerants, dietary milk consumption was significantly reduced and calcium intake was lower than in all the other subjects studied (320 mg/day vs. 585 mg/day, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In studies of the general population, the frequency of lactose intolerance is much lower than that of lactose maldigestion. Gastrointestinal symptoms after lactose load in self-reported milk-intolerants are found in only a very low number of these subjects. Furthermore, in these subjects we observed an unnecessary reduction in milk consumption and an insufficient dietary calcium intake.
Protein surface analysis for function annotation in high‐throughput structural genomics pipeline

Structural genomics (SG) initiatives are expanding the universe of protein fold space by rapidly determining structures of proteins that were intentionally selected on the basis of low sequence similarity to proteins of known structure. Often these proteins have no associated biochemical or cellular functions. The SG success has resulted in an accelerated deposition of novel structures. In some cases the structural bioinformatics analysis applied to these novel structures has provided specific functional assignment. However, this approach has also uncovered limitations in the functional analysis of uncharacterized proteins using traditional sequence and backbone structure methodologies. A novel method, named pvSOAR (pocket and void Surface of Amino Acid Residues), of comparing the protein surfaces of geometrically defined pockets and voids was developed. pvSOAR was able to detect previously unrecognized and novel functional relationships between surface features of proteins. In this study, pvSOAR is applied to several structural genomics proteins. We examined the surfaces of YecM, BioH, and RpiB from Escherichia coli as well as the CBS domains from inosine‐5′‐monosphate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus pyogenes, conserved hypothetical protein Ta549 from Thermoplasm acidophilum, and CBS domain protein mt1622 from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum with the goal to infer information about their biochemical function.
Intentions to turnover: Testing the moderated effects of organizational culture, as mediated by job satisfaction, within the Salvation Army

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance the knowledge base by testing the hypothesis that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between perceived organizational culture and intentions to turnover, and that employee characteristics moderate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data were drawn from a cross-sectional online survey of employees at one Area Command of The Salvation Army in the USA (N=250, 66.8 percent female, 26.4 percent African American). The study implemented two different techniques to incorporate methodological triangulation to test the mediation model: a three-step regression analysis and a bootstrapping technique in which direct and indirect effects are tested at once. Also, a conditional process analysis was used to test the moderated mediation model. Findings Results supported the hypothesized mediation relationship and showed that lower mean organizational culture scores were significantly associated with lower job satisfaction, and thus, higher intentions to turnover. Additionally, office location moderated the indirect effect of organizational culture on intentions to turnover through job satisfaction. Practical implications Findings highlight the variability in how organizational culture affects employees across the work environment. Interventions, which are subtly tuned to the variation in workplaces, may be the most effective at building strong and positive organizational cultures. Originality/value The current study extends prior empirical work by testing the hypothesis that employee characteristics moderate the mediating effect of organizational culture and job satisfaction on intentions to turnover. Results showed that work location moderated the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction; organizational culture had a stronger effect on job satisfaction among employees working at the administrative office compared to those in community-based centers. Findings underscore the need for leadership to create a strong culture that permeates all work sectors in order for it to be effective.