Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University College Dublin FROM CHILD TO ADULT A Longitudinal Study of Irish Children and their Families

Note re Authorship This study was completed jointly by the authors and this is reflected in the alphabetical listing of names. The authors were assisted with aspects of the statistical analysis by Teresa Brannick and who helped in the statistical analysis of the data. In particular, Tereasa Brannick helped us to negotiate our way to a comprehensible summation of the longitudinal data. We would also like to thank Ma(fada)ire Nic Ghiolla Pha(fada)draig and Pauline Faughnan from the Social Science Research Centre who facilitated the research project within U.C. D. and Aine O'Donovan for her interviewing skills. Charles Delap, in the housing department of Dublin Corporation, assisted us in tracing respondents and Superintendent Vincent McGuire, of the Juvenile Office, provided invaluable information on non-contacts. The study was commissioned by the Department of Social, Community and Family Affairs and we would like to acknowledge the ongoing encouragement of Heber McMahon from that Department. Finally we would like to thank those individuals and their mothers who gave us their time and were willing to delve into their lives and histories to assist this research project. This report describes a longitudinal study of children and their families. The first phase of the study, conducted in 1990 on a sample of 185 children, revealed that a considerable number of children (16%) and approximately a third of mothers showed evidence of clinically significant psychiatric disorder. Disorder in the child was associated with the economic circumstances of the family, and maternal health was linked to disadvantage as well as dissatisfaction with domestic roles and inadequate social support. The second phase of the research, on which this report is based, included 97 young people, successfully contacted and interviewed for the study in 2000. The aim was to examine their subsequent health and social development and to determine whether childhood psychological and behavioural disturbance was associated with long-term outcome. • The average age of respondents was twenty-one years. Almost all were raised in the family home by both parents. All were unmarried; approximately a fifth now had children. They came mainly from semiskilled manual backgrounds and a fifth of the mothers reported severe financial hardship during the participants' childhood. • There were wide discrepancies in relation to educational attainment. Approximately one-third respondents had not completed second level education yet a high percentage (60%) of those who did finish secondary schooling went on to third level. Almost all were currently employed …
Parallel ICA reveals linked patterns of structural damage and fMRI language task activation in chronic post-stroke aphasia

Structural and functional MRI studies of patients with post-stroke language deficits have contributed substantially to our understanding of how cognitive-behavioral impairments relate to the location of structural damage and to the activation of surviving brain regions during language processing, respectively. However, very little is known about how inter-patient variability in language task activation relates to variability in the structures affected by stroke. Here, we used parallel independent component analysis (pICA) to characterize links between patterns of structural damage and patterns of functional MRI activation during semantic decisions. The pICA analysis revealed a significant association between a lesion component featuring damage to left posterior temporo-parietal cortex and the underlying deep white matter and an fMRI component featuring (1) heightened activation in a primarily right hemispheric network of frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, and (2) reduced activation in areas associated with the semantic network activated by healthy controls. Stronger loading parameters on both the lesion and fMRI activation components were associated with poorer language test performance. Fiber tracking suggests that lesions affecting the left posterior temporo-parietal cortex and deep white matter may lead to the simultaneous disruption of multiple long-range structural pathways connecting distal language areas. Damage to the left posterior temporo-parietal cortex and underlying white matter may (1) impede the language task-driven recruitment of canonical left hemispheric language and other areas (e.g. the right anterior temporal lobe and default mode regions) that likely support residual language function after stroke, and (2) lead to the compensatory recruitment of right hemispheric fronto-temporo-parietal networks for tasks requiring semantic processing.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Developmental phonagnosia: a selective deficit of vocal identity recognition

Phonagnosia,theinabilitytorecognizefamiliarvoices,hasbeenstudiedinbrain-damagedpatientsbutno cases due to developmental problems have been reported. Here we describe the case of KH, a 60-year-old active professional woman who reports that she has always experienced severe voice recognition difﬁ- culties. Her hearing abilities are normal, and an MRI scan showed no evidence of brain damage in regions associated with voice or auditory perception. To better understand her condition and to assess models of voice and high-level auditory processing, we tested KH on behavioural tasks measuring voice recognition, recognition of vocal emotions, face recognition, speech perception, and processing of environmental sounds and music. KH was impaired on tasks requiring the recognition of famous voices and the learning and recognition of new voices. In contrast, she performed well on nearly all other tasks. Her case is the ﬁrst report of developmental phonagnosia, and the results suggest that the recognition of a speaker’s vocal identity depends on separable mechanisms from those used to recognize other information from the voice or non-vocal auditory stimuli.
Primary Hepatic Lymphoma: A Retrospective, Multicenter Rare Cancer Network Study

Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is a rare malignancy. We aimed to assess the clinical profile, outcome and prognostic factors in PHL through the Rare Cancer Network (RCN). A retrospective analysis of 41 patients was performed. Median age was 62 years (range, 23-86 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9:1.0. Abdominal pain or discomfort was the most common presenting symptom. Regarding B-symptoms, 19.5% of patients had fever, 17.1% weight loss, and 9.8% night sweats. The most common radiological presentation was multiple lesions. Liver function tests were elevated in 56.1% of patients. The most common histopathological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (65.9%). Most of the patients received Chop-like (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) regimens; 4 patients received radiotherapy (dose range, 30.6-40.0 Gy). Median survival was 163 months, and 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 77 and 59%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-free and lymphoma-specific survival rates were 69, 56, 87 and 70%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that fever, weight loss, and normal hemoglobin level were the independent factors influencing the outcome. In this retrospective multicenter RCN study, patients with PHL had a relatively better prognosis than that reported elsewhere. Multicenter prospective studies are still warranted to establish treatment guidelines, outcome, and prognostic factors.
Food-density-dependent inefficiency in animals with a gut as a stabilizing mechanism in trophic dynamics

Animals with a gut, when confronted with food supplied ad libitum, can elevate their ingestion rates and inefficiently use the material they ingest. As a consequence, assimilation efficiency (AE) declines, resulting in food-density-dependent inefficiency (f-DDI). A model describing these processes shows that f-DDI can dampen the consequences of oscillations in food abundance that may occur in response to external stochastic (e.g. climatic) forcing both with respect to production and timing. This response is illustrated with a simple planktonic food chain of a phytoplankter and two consumers. The assumption of a fixed gut transit time, consistent with the traditional model descriptions of a fixed AE, produces predator–prey oscillations. By contrast, simulations using a model showing f-DDI (behaving in accordance with the experimental data) cushion not only the impact of such oscillations but also the effects of the removal of intermediate grazers in the food chain. The operation of f-DDI affects other trophic interactions through changes in the nutrient regeneration and the voiding rates. The extent to which f-DDI operates in nature needs valuation, followed by the appropriate construction of consumer-based ecosystem models.
Nonmonotonic cryptographic protocols

The paper presents a new method for specifying and analyzing cryptographic protocols. The method offers several advantages over previous approaches. The technique is the first to allow reasoning about nonmonotonic protocols, which are needed for systems that rely on the deletion of information. There is no idealization of protocols; we specify at a level that is close to the actual implementation. We show how the method uncovers the known flaw in the Needham and Schroeder protocol (R.M. Needham and M.D. Schroeder, 1978). We then apply the method to the khat protocol (A.D. Rubin, P. Honeyman, 1993). The analysis reveals a serious, previously undiscovered flaw in the nonmonotonic protocol for long-running jobs. <<ETX>>
Socialising in the suburbs: the impact of neighbourhood design on social interaction in low-density housing contexts

This study investigated the impact of the provision of different neighbourhood design characteristics on social interaction and its correlates in low density Australian suburbs. The findings show that physical design characteristics significantly predicted social interaction correlates, even allowing for the interaction of sociodemographic variables. Neighbourhood characteristics such as open spaces, street type, and tree coverage were the most powerful predictors; indicating that well-planned neighbourhoods are more satisfying places to live for residents. The findings suggest that the physical design characteristics of suburban neighbourhoods can have a significant impact on social interaction through residential satisfaction.
Automatic Classi cation of Intonational PhraseBoundariesMichelle

The relationship between the intonational characteristics of an utterance and other features inferable from its text represents an important source of information both for speech recognition, to constrain the set of allowable hypotheses, and for speech synthesis, to assign intonational features appropriately from text. This work investigates the usefulness of a number of textual features and additional intonational features in predicting the location of one particular intonational feature | intonational phrase boundaries | in natural speech. The corpus for this investigation is 298 utterances from the 774 in the DARPA-collected Air Travel Information Service (ATIS) database. For statistical modeling, we employ classiication and regression tree (CART) techniques. We achieve success rates of just over 90%, representing a major improvement over other attempts at boundary prediction.
ASK: A taxonomy of accuracy, social, and knowledge information seeking posts in social question and answering

Many people turn to their social networks to find information through the practice of question and answering. We believe it is necessary to use different answering strategies based on the type of questions to accommodate the different information needs. In this research, we propose the ASK taxonomy that categorizes questions posted on social networking sites into three types according to the nature of the questioner's inquiry of accuracy, social, or knowledge. To automatically decide which answering strategy to use, we develop a predictive model based on ASK question types using question features from the perspectives of lexical, topical, contextual, and syntactic as well as answer features. By applying the classifier on an annotated data set, we present a comprehensive analysis to compare questions in terms of their word usage, topical interests, temporal and spatial restrictions, syntactic structure, and response characteristics. Our research results show that the three types of questions exhibited different characteristics in the way they are asked. Our automatic classification algorithm achieves an 83% correct labeling result, showing the value of the ASK taxonomy for the design of social question and answering systems.
Acrolein Inhalation Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production but Does Not Affect Acute Airways Neutrophilia1

Acrolein is a reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is produced during endogenous oxidative processes and is a major bioactive component of environmental pollutants such as cigarette smoke. Because in vitro studies demonstrate that acrolein can inhibit neutrophil apoptosis, we evaluated the effects of in vivo acrolein exposure on acute lung inflammation induced by LPS. Male C57BL/6J mice received 300 μg/kg intratracheal LPS and were exposed to acrolein (5 parts per million, 6 h/day), either before or after LPS challenge. Exposure to acrolein either before or after LPS challenge did not significantly affect the overall extent of LPS-induced lung inflammation, or the duration of the inflammatory response, as observed from recovered lung lavage leukocytes and histology. However, exposure to acrolein after LPS instillation markedly diminished the LPS-induced production of several inflammatory cytokines, specifically TNF-α, IL-12, and the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ, which was associated with reduction in NF-κB activation. Our data demonstrate that acrolein exposure suppresses LPS-induced Th1 cytokine responses without affecting acute neutrophilia. Disruption of cytokine signaling by acrolein may represent a mechanism by which smoking contributes to chronic disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.
Influence of Right Heart Size on Outcome in Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum Therese

BackgroundNeonates with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) are frequently born with hypoplastic right heart structures that must grow after right ventricular decompression (RVD) procedures for a complete two-ventricle physiology to be achieved. Previous authors have asserted that neonatal right heart size or morphology will predict right heart growth potential. Since 1983, our bias has favored early RVD regardless of initial right heart size. In 1986, we recognized a subset of patients with coronary artery abnormalities associated with poor outcome after RVD and have defined these patients as having a right ventricular-dependent coronary circulation (RVDCC). Methods and ResultsTo assess the influence of right heart size on outcome independent of the presence of RVDCC, we measured echocardiographic right ventricular (RV) dimensions in 37 neonates with adequate studies presenting between 1983 and 1990. Coronary artery anatomy was adequately assessed by angiography in 36. RV volume and tricuspid valve (TV) diameter were significantly smaller in patients with RVDCC than in those without. However, there was no statistically significant association between RV volume or TV diameter and survival among patients with or without RVDCC. Among 29 patients without RVDCC, 23 of 24 (95.8%) who achieved RVD are alive compared with 1 of 5 (20%) who did not achieve RVD (P=.001). Twenty-one of the 23 survivors have a complete two-ventricle physiology with low right atrial pressure. Among 7 patients with RVDCC, 2 patients who underwent RVD died early of left ventricular failure, whereas 4 of 5 who did not undergo RVD have survived single ventricle palliation. ConclusionsSmall right heart size is associated with RVDCC but is not associated with survival in PA-IVS. Patients without RVDCC have improved survival after RVD regardless of neonatal right heart size.
Compound Gravitational Lensing as a Probe of Dark Matter Substructure within Galaxy Halos

We show how observations of multiply imaged quasars at high redshift can be used as a probe of dark matter clumps (subhalos with masses ≲109 M☉) within the virialized extent of more massive lensing halos. A large abundance of such satellites is predicted by numerical simulations of galaxy formation in cold dark matter (CDM) cosmologies. Small-scale structure within galaxy halos affects the flux ratios of the images without appreciably changing their positions. We use numerical simulations to quantify the effect of dark matter substructure on the distribution of magnifications and find that the magnification ratio of a typical image pair will deviate significantly from the value predicted by a smooth lensing potential if, near the Einstein radius, only a few percent of the lens surface density is contained in subhalos. The angular size of the continuum source dictates the range of subclump masses that can have a detectable effect: to avoid confusion with gravitational microlensing caused by stars in the lens galaxy, the background source must be larger than the optical-continuum-emitting region of a QSO. We also find that substructure will cause distortions to images on milliarcsecond scales and bias the distribution of QSO magnification ratios—two other possible methods of detection.
Towards African-centred theories of masculinity

ABSTRACT Research on men and masculinities in South Africa, and the related intervention programmes, depends largely on theories of gender developed in the Global North. Such theories define masculinity as socially constructed and accomplished relationally in social action. Masculinity does not have an “inner essence. ” This article argues that Northern gender theories offer inadequate accounts of African masculinities because of their being embedded in western epistemologies. In order to account fully for the complex lives of African men, scholars need to develop theories of masculinity based on African conceptions of reality. Such theories should treat masculinity as both socially constructed and as being influenced by unseen elements of personhood, as encapsulated in traditional African thoughts. To illustrate these ideas, the author uses anthropological and philosophical literature on African concepts of personhood, together with examples taken from personal experiences and observations.
Confirmation of association between the Val66Met polymorphism in the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and bipolar I disorder

Recent studies have indicated that the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is involved in the etiology of bipolar disorder (BPD). Two family‐based association studies showed that the Val allele of the functional polymorphism Val66Met in the BDNF gene is associated with BPD; however, others could not confirm the results. Here we performed a replication study in an independent sample and tested the hypothesis that the Val66 allele in the BDNF gene confers susceptibility to bipolar I disorder (BPI). Six hundred twenty‐one patients with BPI and 998 control subjects were genotyped for the Val66Met polymorphism. All cases and controls were of European descent. All BPI patients had a positive family history of affective disorder. The frequency of the Val allele was significantly increased in BPI patient when compared to controls (χ2 = 4.8; df = 1; P = 0.028; two‐sided; OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02–1.47). Results confirm previous findings and suggest that the Val allele increases risk for BPI in patients of European descent. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the involvement of the BDNF gene in the pathophysiology of BPD. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dynamic clustering routing algorithm based on support degree for wireless sensor networks

For monitoring burst events in a kind of reactive wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a novel scheme of dynamic clustering routing algorithm (DCRA) based on support degree is proposed. The new approach lets sensors decide whether become a clusterhead (CH) according to the support degree coming from neighbors. Unlike traditional distributed clustering algorithms, DCRA combines energy, load balancing and topology information together by defining an objective function based on support degree. Furthermore, the clusterhead aggregates data and transmits the result to base station (sink node) along multiple paths. The new algorithm is completely distributed and location-unaware. Simulation results show that DCRA has great potential in efficiently distributing energy consumption and extending the network lifetime.
Lower bounds for weak epsilon-nets and stair-convexity

A set N ⊂ ℝd is called a weakɛ-net (with respect to convex sets) for a finite X ⊂ ℝd if N intersects every convex set C with |X ∩ C| ≥ ɛ|X|. For every fixed d ≥ 2 and every r ≥ 1 we construct sets X ⊂ ℝd for which every weak 1/r -net has at least Ω(r logd−1r) points; this is the first superlinear lower bound for weak ɛ-nets in a fixed dimension.The construction is a stretched grid, i.e., the Cartesian product of d suitable fast-growing finite sequences, and convexity in this grid can be analyzed using stair-convexity, a new variant of the usual notion of convexity.We also consider weak ɛ-nets for the diagonal of our stretched grid in ℝd, d ≥ 3, which is an “intrinsically 1-dimensional” point set. In this case we exhibit slightly superlinear lower bounds (involving the inverse Ackermann function), showing that the upper bounds by Alon, Kaplan, Nivasch, Sharir and Smorodinsky (2008) are not far from the truth in the worst case.Using the stretched grid we also improve the known upper bound for the so-called second selection lemma in the plane by a logarithmic factor: We obtain a set T of t triangles with vertices in an n-point set in the plane such that no point is contained in more than O(t2/(n3 logn3/t)) triangles of T.
Knowledge Management Adoption and Diffusion Using Structural Equation Modeling

Knowledge management facilitates the firms and employees to deliver better products and services and hence achieve competitive advantages and profits. The issues of knowledge management have drawn much attention form industry and academia. However, few reports have been found available investigating how knowledge management is adopted and diffused in organizations. This paper adopts structural equation modeling to investigate employeesâ€™ cognitions pertaining to knowledge management and their impacts on knowledge management activities based on Innovation Diffusion and Technology Acceptance Model with empirical data collected among the life insurance enterprises in Taiwan. The results indicate that perceived usefulness and subjective norm significantly influence the employeesâ€™ attitudes toward knowledge management, and the attitudinal factor significantly affects knowledge management practice. The findings assist organizations to recognize the value and associated obstacles of knowledge management. This paper also presents the instrument and comprehensive model which provides directions for future research.