Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
high-performance computing simulations of rigid solids impacting the free-surface of water Calcul haute performance de l ’ impact de corps solides sur la surface libre de l ’ eau par la méthode SPH

Numerical simulations of water entries based on a three-dimensional parallelized Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model developed by Ecole Centrale Nantes are presented. The aim of the paper is to show how such SPH simulations of complex 3D problems involving a free surface can be performed on a super computer like the IBM Blue Gene/L with 8,192 cores of Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne. The present paper thus presents the different techniques which had to be included into the SPH model to make possible such simulations. Memory handling, in particular, is a quite subtle issue because of constraints due to the use of a variable-h scheme. These improvements made possible the simulation of test cases involving hundreds of million particles computed by using thousands of cores. Speedup and efficiency of these parallel calculations are studied. The model capabilities are illustrated in the paper for two water entry problems, firstly, on a simple test case involving a sphere impacting the free surface at high velocity; and secondly, on a complex 3D geometry involving a ship hull impacting the free surface in forced motion. Sensitivity to spatial resolution is investigated as well in the case of the sphere water entry, and the flow analysis is performed by comparing both experimental and theoretical reference results. RÉSUMÉ La simulation numérique de l’impact d’un solide sur une surface libre d’eau faisant appel à la méthode Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) par un modèle 3D parallèle développé par l’Ecole Centrale Nantes est présentée. Le but de 1’article est de montrer comment de telles simulations SPH de problèmes tri-dimensionnels complexes à surface libre peuvent être conduites dans le domaine du Calcul Haute Performance sur un super calculateur tel que 1’IBM Blue Gene/L de l’Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, doté de 8,192 cœurs. Cet article présente ainsi les différentes techniques apportées au modèle SPH pour le rendre apte à de telles simulations. La gestion de la mémoire, en particulier, est assez délicate de par l’utilisation de la longueur de lissage variable h. Cette nouvelle gestion de la mémoire a permis la simulation de cas-tests contenant des centaines de millions de particules réparties sur plusieurs milliers de cœurs. L’efficacité et l’accélération de ces simulations parallèles sont étudiées. Les capacités du modèle sont illustrées dans ce papier sur deux exemples d’impact sur la surface libre. Le premier exemple représente le cas simple d’une sphère rigide chutant dans l’eau à grande vitesse. Le second exemple met en avant la possibilité de simuler des géométries plus complexes telles l’impact de la coque d’un bateau sur l’eau en mouvement forcé. Dans le cas de l’impact de la sphère, la sensibilité à la résolution spatiale utilisée a été aussi étudiée, et une analyse de l’écoulement est menée par comparaison à des résultats expérimentaux et théoriques.
The oldest known fur seal

The poorly known fossil record of fur seals and sea lions (Otariidae) does not reflect their current diversity and widespread abundance. This limited fossil record contrasts with the more complete fossil records of other pinnipeds such as walruses (Odobenidae). The oldest known otariids appear 5–6 Ma after the earliest odobenids, and the remarkably derived craniodental morphology of otariids offers few clues to their early evolutionary history and phylogenetic affinities among pinnipeds. We report a new otariid, Eotaria crypta, from the lower middle Miocene ‘Topanga’ Formation (15–17.1 Ma) of southern California, represented by a partial mandible with well-preserved dentition. Eotaria crypta is geochronologically intermediate between ‘enaliarctine’ stem pinnipedimorphs (16.6–27 Ma) and previously described otariid fossils (7.3–12.5 Ma), as well as morphologically intermediate by retaining an M2 and a reduced M1 metaconid cusp and lacking P2–4 metaconid cusps. Eotaria crypta eliminates the otariid ghost lineage and confirms that otariids evolved from an ‘enaliarctine’-like ancestor.
Factors That Were Found to Influence Ghanaian Adolescents’ Eating Habits

The study sought to find out whether factors such as parental, peer, and media influences predict Ghanaian adolescent students’ eating habits. A random selection of 150 students from a population of senior high school students in Ghana were asked to complete the Eating Habits Questionnaire for Adolescents. Data were analyzed by the use of bivariate correlation, t test, and multiple regression analytical techniques using SPSS version 16. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between peer influence and eating habits suggesting that the higher the peer pressure, the more unhealthy the students’ eating habits. Counterintuitively, parental and media influences did not significantly correlate with students’ eating habits. Gender difference in eating habits suggested that girls had more unhealthy eating habits than boys. Finally, multiple regression analysis revealed that peer influence was a better predictor of students’ eating habits than parental and media influences. The findings were discussed and recommendations were given in light of the study’s limitations.
Flowability Measurements of Pharmaceutical Powder Mixtures with Poor Flow Using Five Different Techniques

Four different tablet formulations for direct compression with poor flow properties were tested regarding flowability using five different techniques: Hausner ratio, avalanching behavior, powder rheometer, uniaxial tester, and Jenike tester. In addition, the behavior of three of the formulations during emptying of the mixer and tableting was observed and compared to the results of the flowability measurements. The rank order correlation of the formulations was generally the same with all techniques. The flow properties measured by the different techniques reflected the behavior during processing of the powder mixtures.
Choosing to Teach: Perceptions of Male Preservice Teachers in Early Childhood and Elementary Education

Despite documentation of shortages of male teachers and numerous efforts by school officials to recruit more male teachers [Cohen, 1992; Wood and Hoag, 1993], the percent of men teaching in American public schools [elementary and secondary] has declined during the past twenty‐five years. [NCES, 1997]. This is widely seen as a problem, especially given assumptions and research findings about the importance of positive male role models for children, particularly those from single‐female‐parent families and inner‐city boys [Holland, 1991; Griffith, 1991; McCarthy, 1995; Vroegh, 1976; Canada, 1998]. The reluctance of men to choose teaching as a career has been ascribed to low salaries, stereotypes of male and female roles, perceived lack of status of teachers, and highly publicized sex‐abuse cases [Cohen, 1992; Banas, 1992; Banas, 1993; Wood and Hoag, 1993]. Recent informal surveys indicate that enrollment of men in collegiate early childhood and elementary education programs is on the rise. This is a welcome indicator of growing interest among males in pursuing teaching as a career. Further exploration of this interest can help us understand how to recruit more men into the profession. The authors report the findings of interviews with male preservice teachers, exploring reasons for their choice of early childhood and elementary education and their attitudes toward the traditional reasons cited for male avoidance of teaching careers. Finally, they present recommendations for recruitment strategies for male teachers.
Job Satisfaction and Attitude to Work of Cross River State College of Education Staff

This study investigated the relationship between job satisfaction and attitude to work of staff in Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa. The study went on to find out the relationship between job satisfaction and attitude to work due to gender of Cross River State College of Education staff. Two research questions were formulated. A questionnaire was constructed and used for data collection. To answer the research questions two hundred and ten (210) staff of the College sampled and used. A correlational design was used for the study. The data for the research questions were analysed using correlation coefficient analysis. The findings of the study showed that job satisfaction has low relationship with attitude to work. Also job satisfaction and attitude to work have low relationship as a result of male staff and moderate relationship as a result female staff. The implication of these findings is that any staff whose attitude to work has been changed should not be attributed to job satisfaction.
A model of urban scaling laws based on distance dependent interactions

Socio-economic related properties of a city grow faster than a linear relationship with the population, in a log–log plot, the so-called superlinear scaling. Conversely, the larger a city, the more efficient it is in the use of its infrastructure, leading to a sublinear scaling on these variables. In this work, we addressed a simple explanation for those scaling laws in cities based on the interaction range between the citizens and on the fractal properties of the cities. To this purpose, we introduced a measure of social potential which captured the influence of social interaction on the economic performance and the benefits of amenities in the case of infrastructure offered by the city. We assumed that the population density depends on the fractal dimension and on the distance-dependent interactions between individuals. The model suggests that when the city interacts as a whole, and not just as a set of isolated parts, there is improvement of the socio-economic indicators. Moreover, the bigger the interaction range between citizens and amenities, the bigger the improvement of the socio-economic indicators and the lower the infrastructure costs of the city. We addressed how public policies could take advantage of these properties to improve cities development, minimizing negative effects. Furthermore, the model predicts that the sum of the scaling exponents of social-economic and infrastructure variables are 2, as observed in the literature. Simulations with an agent-based model are confronted with the theoretical approach and they are compatible with the empirical evidences.
5′-Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidase Is Implicated in Playing a Key Role in a Modified Futalosine Pathway for Menaquinone Biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni*

Menaquinone (vitamin K2) serves as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain required for respiration in many pathogenic bacteria. Most bacteria utilize a common menaquinone biosynthetic pathway as exemplified by Escherichia coli. Recently, a novel biosynthetic pathway, the futalosine pathway, was discovered in Streptomyces. Bioinformatic analysis strongly suggests that this pathway is also operative in the human pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. Here, we provide compelling evidence that a modified futalosine pathway is operative in C. jejuni and that it utilizes 6-amino-6-deoxyfutalosine instead of futalosine. A key step in the Streptomyces pathway involves a nucleosidase called futalosine hydrolase. The closest homolog in C. jejuni has been annotated as a 5′-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (MTAN). We have shown that this C. jejuni enzyme has MTAN activity but negligible futalosine hydrolase activity. However, the C. jejuni MTAN is able to hydrolyze 6-amino-6-deoxyfutalosine at a rate comparable with that of its known substrates. This suggests that the adenine-containing version of futalosine is the true biosynthetic intermediate in this organism. To demonstrate this in vivo, we constructed a C. jejuni mutant strain deleted for mqnA2, which is predicted to encode for the enzyme required to synthesize 6-amino-6-deoxyfutalosine. Growth of this mutant was readily rescued by the addition of 6-amino-6-deoxyfutalosine, but not futalosine. This provides the first direct evidence that a modified futalosine pathway is operative in C. jejuni. It also highlights the tremendous versatility of the C. jejuni MTAN, which plays key roles in S-adenosylmethionine recycling, the biosynthesis of autoinducer molecules, and the biosynthesis of menaquinone.
Double-Ended Calibration of Fiber-Optic Raman Spectra Distributed Temperature Sensing Data

Over the past five years, Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) along fiber optic cables using Raman backscattering has become an important tool in the environmental sciences. Many environmental applications of DTS demand very accurate temperature measurements, with typical RMSE < 0.1 K. The aim of this paper is to describe and clarify the advantages and disadvantages of double-ended calibration to achieve such accuracy under field conditions. By measuring backscatter from both ends of the fiber optic cable, one can redress the effects of differential attenuation, as caused by bends, splices, and connectors. The methodological principles behind the double-ended calibration are presented, together with a set of practical considerations for field deployment. The results from a field experiment are presented, which show that with double-ended calibration good accuracies can be attained in the field.
Admissions Decisions: Repetition of a Study

An initial study of admissions decisions, undertaken in 1961, was spurred by recognition of administrative costs of admissions procedures in schools of social work and by questions about the accuracy of assessments of potential students. The major purposes of the study were to identify the elements that enter into admissions decisions, to determine the extent of independent agreement in assessing the application, to determine the extent to which the assessment changes when the rater has access to a report of a personal interview with the applicant, and to examine the association between admissions ratings and first-year performance levels of the students who entered the school. The rating schedule developed for the study proved to be a satisfactory instrument for recording the faculty's assessment of the potential student, and independent agreement concerning extremely good and extremely poor applicants was fairly high (about 83 per cent). It was found that judgments made after the personal interview tended to improve slightly; the interview seemed to contribute to the final
Characterization of excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons to the guinea pig lower esophageal sphincter.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The lower esophageal sphincter is innervated primarily by enteric motor neurons. The somata of excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons were identified and mapped. METHODS Retrograde labeling in organotypic culture and immunohistochemistry were used to identify motor neuron somata. RESULTS 1,1'-Didodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil) on the left side of the sphincter labeled descending motor neurons located up to 26 mm along the esophagus and locally (within 2 mm) and gastric motor neurons. Dil applied to the right side of the sphincter labeled descending and local motor neurons but very few gastric motor neurons. Inhibitory motor neuron cell bodies, identified by nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity, accounted for 86% +/- 4% (n = 6) of descending motor neurons and 53% +/- 4% of local motor neurons labeled from the right side. Excitatory motor neurons, immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase, accounted for 20% +/- 3% (n = 6) of descending motor neurons and for 47% +/- 4% of local motor neurons. All motor neurons were unipolar, but inhibitory motor neurons were significantly larger than excitatory neurons. CONCLUSIONS The lower esophageal sphincter is innervated by local excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons and by descending esophageal inhibitory neurons. The oblique muscle, supplied by gastric motor neurons, is closely associated with the gastroesophageal junction.
The condom: why more people don't put it on

Studies have documented that condoms are used in less than half of peoples total sexual encounters. Risk perceptions have been identified as having a moderate influence upon gay safe sex practices but less so on heterosexual sexual behavior. The authors interviewed 12 men and 17 women aged 23-40 years all self-reported heterosexual Australians in 1990 in Melbourne and Ballarat Australia to explore and better understand the interpersonal nature of sexual relationships which influence condom use. They looked at decisions to use condoms condom availability and partner support and receptivity to cooperate in safer sex practices. Condom dialogues were found to occur at both interpersonal and internal levels. These dialogues shape condom use/non-use negotiations and sexual encounters. Individuals also enter sexual relations with a dislike of condoms and a perception of condom sex as inferior thus setting the context for their sexual experiences. Gender constructions of socially appropriate sexual behavior for men and women are implicated in the decisions to use condoms. These findings highlight the importance of promoting condom sex as good and pleasurable if education and public health intervention programs are to effectively change attitudes towards safer sex practices.
Perceived organizational support as a moderator in the relationship between organisational stressors and organizational citizenship behaviors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of organizational stressors on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and how perceived organizational support (POS) will moderate in the relationship between stressors and citizenship behavior.Design/methodology/approach – The sample for this research involves operators from call center organizations located around the national capital of India. A questionnaire survey was carried out involving 402 operator level employees from five different organizations.Findings – The results highlight a significant negative relationship between organizational stressors and OCB, a significant positive relationship between POS and OCB, and confirmation that POS moderates in the relationship between organizational stressors and OCB.Research limitations/implications – This research has been carried out in an emerging economy and in a sector which is seen as an attractive area of work. However, as this study is limited to the BPO sector in India, these resul.
Systematic Differences between Cochrane and Non-Cochrane Meta-Analyses on the Same Topic: A Matched Pair Analysis

Background Meta-analyses conducted via the Cochrane Collaboration adhere to strict methodological and reporting standards aiming to minimize bias, maximize transparency/reproducibility, and improve the accuracy of summarized data. Whether this results in differences in the results reported by meta-analyses on the same topic conducted outside the Cochrane Collaboration is an open question. Methods We conducted a matched-pair analysis with individual meta-analyses as the unit of analysis, comparing Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews. Using meta-analyses from the cardiovascular literature, we identified pairs that matched on intervention and outcome. The pairs were contrasted in terms of how frequently results disagreed between the Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews, whether effect sizes and statistical precision differed systematically, and how these differences related to the frequency of secondary citations of those reviews. Results Our search yielded 40 matched pairs of reviews. The two sets were similar in terms of which was first to publication, how many studies were included, and average sample sizes. The paired reviews included a total of 344 individual clinical trials: 111 (32.3%) studies were included only in a Cochrane review, 104 (30.2%) only in a non-Cochrane review, and 129 (37.5%) in both. Stated another way, 62.5% of studies were only included in one or the other meta-analytic literature. Overall, 37.5% of pairs had discrepant results. The most common involved shifts in the width of 95% confidence intervals that would yield a different statistical interpretation of the significance of results (7 pairs). Additionally, 20% differed in the direction of the summary effect size (5 pairs) or reported greater than a 2-fold difference in its magnitude (3 pairs). Non-Cochrane reviews reported significantly higher effect sizes (P< 0.001) and lower precision (P<0.001) than matched Cochrane reviews. Reviews reporting an effect size at least 2-fold greater than their matched pair were cited more frequently. Conclusion Though results between topic-matched Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews were quite similar, discrepant results were frequent, and the overlap of included studies was surprisingly low. Non-Cochrane reviews report larger effect sizes with lower precision than Cochrane reviews, indicating systematic differences, likely reflective of methodology, between the two types of reviews that could generate different interpretations of the interventions under question.
Capillary and slab gel electrophoresis profiling of oligosaccharides

Capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescent detection, a one‐dimensional version of the well‐established planar analytical method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has been proven to be a powerful new microanalytical method for profiling complex carbohydrates. In this paper a comparison is presented between the planar high concentration polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method and capillary electrophoresis of different carbohydrates with respect to performance and efficiency. N‐Linked oligosaccharides were released from several glycoproteins, including fetuin, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope recombinant glycoprotein (GP‐120), α1‐acid glycoprotein and ribonuclease B, using recombinant peptide‐N‐glycosidase F (PNGase F). Both separation methods involve labeling of the released carbohydrates at the reducing end with the fluorescent dye, disodium 8‐amino‐1,3,6‐naphthalene trisulfonate (ANTS). Fluorophore labeling was followed by separation of the labeled oligosaccharides either by high concentration polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis.
Design and analysis of stationary frame PR current controller for performance improvement of grid tied PV inverters

In this paper a single phase grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system has been modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The PV generator is interfaced with the utility grid by a single phase voltage source inverter (VSI). A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm is implemented to extract maximum power from the PV generator irrespective of operating conditions. The DC-DC boost converter placed in between PV generator and VSI performs MPPT and amplifies the output voltage from PV array to desired level. A control strategy to regulate the quality of power injected by the grid connected VSI is proposed. Two controllers are designed for the grid side DC-AC inverter one is the proportional integral (PI) voltage controller which regulates the DC link voltage, the other is the Proportional + Resonant (PR) current controller which maintains the current injected by the inverter into grid in phase with the grid voltage so that unity power factor can be achieved. A harmonic compensator (HC) is cascaded with PR controller to mitigate low order odd harmonic components present in the output current of VSI and minimize the total harmonic distortion (THD). Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.