Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of the stability of cocaine and some metabolites in water and oral fluid by a newly developed CE method

A new CE method was here developed, in order to study the stability of cocaine and some of its metabolites in water and in oral fluid. At first, standard mixtures of cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE) and cocaethylene (COET) in water were used to study the optimal CE parameters to separate the three compounds. Voltage, sample temperature and pH were investigated, and 25 kV, 25°C and a pH of 4.7 were selected to achieve the best separation. The stability of the three compounds in water and oral fluid was then monitored by applying the previously developed method. Three different storage temperatures (8, 25 and 37°C) were selected and analyses during a week were performed. A decrease of COC and COET peak areas and an increase of BE peak area were observed over time at 25 and 37°C. In addition, in oral fluid, the presence of enzymes and other proteins, and the differences in the molecular structures between COC and COET, caused a stronger degradation of the first compound. Instead, when samples were stored at a low temperature (8°C), the peak areas of the compounds did not vary. Thus, the use of this storage temperature is recommended, above all when sample must be analyzed after a relatively long time.
Feeling and Personhood: Psychology in Another Key

Theory of the Person Preliminaries Theory of the Person Overview States of Personhood The Ego The Affective Mode Feeling The Affective Mode Emotion The Imaginal Mode The Psyche and Its Worlds A One-Many Reality Jung, Kolb and Wilber Life Cycles and Learning Cycles A Brief Look at Learning Formal Learning Cycles The Reality-Creating Learning Cycle
Physician Switching After Drug Request Refusal

Physician switching is a barometer of the quality of the relationship between a patient and a physician. Understanding the factors associated with physician switching in the context of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs has been largely unexamined. A total of 818 of 2,988 participants in a national telephone survey (27.4%) who had received DTCA reported asking their physician for a prescription drug, and 196 (24.0%) reported that their physician refused to prescribe the drug. Of those whose physicians refused, 13.9% (n = 27 of 194 with data) switched doctors. We found that individuals with regular medical-seeking behavior, full prescription drug coverage, with certain chronic conditions, and of African American origin were significantly more likely to switch physicians in this context.
The reactions of isolated parts of Spirostomum.

1. Spirostomum shows differential responses to localized mechanical and chemical stimuli. 2. The entire body surface is sensitive to mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli. 3. The spiral path followed during swimming is due to the co-ordinated activity of the body cilia. 4. Immediately after isolation, fragments do not behave like normal animals, but respond with reference to the position they occupied in the whole organism. 5. When morphological regulation is complete, the responses of the fragments are normal. 6. As revealed by the study of the responses of fragments, Spirostomum is not organized like a crystal, but seems to have a definite gradient pattern.
What's Decidable about Halpern and Shoham's Interval Logic? The Maximal Fragment ABBL

The introduction of Halpern and Shoham's modal logic of intervals (later on called HS) dates back to 1986. Despite its natural semantics, this logic is undecidable over all interesting classes of temporal structures. This discouraged research in this area until recently, when a number of non-trivial decidable fragments have been found. This paper is a contribution towards the complete classification of HS fragments. Different combinations of Allen's interval relations begins (B), meets (A), and later (L), and their inverses Abar, Bbar, and Lbar, have been considered in the literature. We know from previous work that the combination ABBbarAbar is decidable over finite linear orders and undecidable everywhere else. We extend these results by showing that ABBbarLbar is decidable over the class of all (resp., dense, discrete) linear orders, and that it is maximal w.r. t decidability over these classes: adding any other interval modality immediately leads to undecidability.
Directly modulated VCSELs at ≥ 50 Gb/s for short reach data communications

The Datacom industry has adopted 50-56Gb/s (50G) as one of the next data rates for short reach communications. This talk will cover the status of directly modulated VCSELs for 50G in the wavelength range of 850-1100 nm for multimode fiber and at 1550 nm for single mode fiber.
Influence of Air Pollution on the Incidence of Respiratory Tract Neoplasm

Abstract To evaluate the possible influence of air pollutants on the incidence of respiratory tract neoplasm we studied 12 São Paulo City districts where air pollution is observed. We collected data on pollutants from 1981–1990 and correlated it with the incidence of larynx and lung neoplasms in 1997. Ozone was the pollutant that best correlated with the incidence of neoplasm. The correlation coefficients were 0.7234 (p = 0.277) and 0.9929 (p = 0.007) for lung and larynx cancer, respectively. There may be a relationship between air pollution and the incidence of respiratory tract neoplasm. This study, however, does not allow us to conclude that there is a causal relationship.
Design of high payload PLGA nanoparticles containing melittin/sodium dodecyl sulfate complex by the hydrophobic ion-pairing technique

The water-soluble peptide, melittin, was modified with an anionic agent, sodium dodecyl sulfate by hydrophobic ion-pairing. Investigations showed that the formed complex was very soluble in organic solvent, especially, in dimethylsulfoxide and dehydrated alcohol. Furthermore, the physiochemical properties of the complex in the solid state or in an aqueous medium were characterized using octanol/water partition measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The complex was formulated into poly(d,l-lactide–co-glycolide acid) nanoparticles by an emulsion solvent diffusion method. It was found that the nanoparticles of about 130 nm in size can be produced with a high encapsulation efficiency, and the entrapment of nanoparticles prepared with the formed complex increased from about 50% to nearly 100% compared with that for pure melittin. Moreover, the growth inhibitory effects of modified melittin and melittin-loaded nanoparticles in breast cancer MCF-7 cells were not changed comparing with free melittin as determined by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay.
70% Energy Saving in Wireless Positioning Systems: Non-Data-Bearing OFDM Transmission Replaces Non-Pulse-Shaping PN Transmission

This paper investigates the green characteristic of the non-data-bearing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (NDB OFDM) transmission in wireless localization, relative to being widely used non-pulse-shaping pseudorandom noise (NPS PN) transmission in current satellite- and ground-based positioning systems. For obtaining a fixed ranging accuracy, the required NDB OFDM transmit energy is proven in this paper to be equal to 30% of the required NPS PN transmit energy, spending less nonrenewable resource, emitting smaller CO2 and indicating a “green” activity. Furthermore, the localization performance and the optimal network topology for obtaining the best accuracy are mathematically derived. By assuming a positioning system with the proposed optimal network topology, the positioning accuracy is derived, and the total energy saving is reported when using NDB OFDM transmission instead of NPS PN transmission. Numerical results and experimental measurements both show a consistency with our proposed theory.
Direct measurement of zinc in plasma by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

SubmitJ. C. Smith, Jr.,* Trace Element Research ters: Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, Washington, DC 20422 G. P. Butrimovitz** and W. C. Purdy,t Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20741 EvaluaR. L. Boeckx, Children’s Hospital, National tors: Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010 R. Chu, Chief Chemist, Nutrition Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, Albany, NY 12209 M. E. McIntosh, K. -D. Lee, J. K. Lynn, and E. C.Dinovo, Laboratory Service, Veterans Administration Hospital, Sepulveda, CA 91343 A. S. Prasad, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48207 H. Spencer, Chief, Metabolic Section, Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL 60141 * Nutrition Institute, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Beltsville, MD 20705 ** Clinical Chemistry Division, University of Seattle, Seattle, WA 98195 t Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A2K6
Notch signalling inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of single‐cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cell clones isolated from human adipose tissue

ADSCs (adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells) are candidate adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. Notch signalling participates in the differentiation of a heterogeneous ADSC population. We have isolated, human adipose tissue‐derived single‐cell clones using a cloning ring technique and characterized for their stem cell characteristics. The role of Notch signalling in the differentiation capacity of these adipose‐derived single‐cell‐clones has also been investigated. All 14 clones expressed embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell marker genes. These clones could differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. However, the differentiation potential of each clone was different. Low adipogenic clones had significantly higher mRNA expression levels of Notch 2, 3 and 4, Jagged1, as well as Delta1, compared with those of high adipogenic clones. In contrast, no changes in expression of Notch signalling component mRNA between low and high osteogenic clones was found. Notch receptor mRNA expression decreased with the adipogenic differentiation of both low and high adipogenic clones. The γ‐secretase inhibitor, DAPT (N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐l‐alanyl]‐(S)‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester), enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Correspondingly, cells seeded on a Notch ligand (Jagged1) bound surface showed lower intracellular lipid accumulation. These results were noted in both low and high adipogenic clones, indicating that Notch signalling inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of adipose ADSC clones, and could be used to identify an adipogenic susceptible subpopulation for soft‐tissue augmentation application.
Awareness and impact of the ‘Bubblewrap’ advertising campaign among Aboriginal smokers in Western Australia

Background Antismoking mass media campaigns have been shown to reduce smoking prevalence in the mainstream community, however there is little published research on their effect on Aboriginal Australian smokers. Objectives To evaluate the awareness and impact of a mainstream mass media advertising campaign (the ‘Bubblewrap’ campaign) on Aboriginal smokers in the state of Western Australia. Methods A personal intercept survey was conducted in July 2008 across three sites (the Perth metropolitan area and the non-metropolitan towns of Kalgoorlie and Broome). An opportunity or convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit Aboriginal participants, and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 198 Aboriginal smokers to ascertain awareness of the campaign advertisements, whether they were seen as believable and relevant, and the impact the advertisements had on smoking behaviour. Results The majority of the participants interviewed had seen and/or heard the ‘Bubblewrap’ campaign advertisements, although there was considerably greater awareness of the television advertisement than the radio advertisements. Both forms of advertising were considered to be believable and relevant by the majority of Aboriginal smokers. Most of the smokers interviewed thought about cutting down and/or quitting after seeing or hearing the advertisements. Conclusions Our findings suggest that mainstream antismoking mass media campaigns can positively influence the thoughts and behaviours that Aboriginal smokers have, and exhibit, towards quitting smoking. Notwithstanding this, advertisers should continue to look for better ways to incorporate Aboriginal themes in campaign messages. Future mainstream antismoking campaigns should source sufficient funds to ensure that advertising messages reach the large Aboriginal populations in regional and remote Australia.
DNA adduct formation and induction of micronuclei and mutations in B6C3F1/Tk mice treated neonatally with acrylamide or glycidamide

Acrylamide, a food contaminant, is carcinogenic in experimental animals, with both genotoxic and nongenotoxic pathways being proposed. To obtain information regarding mechanisms of acrylamide tumorigenesis, we compared the extent of DNA adduct formation and induction of micronuclei and mutations in mice treated neonatally with acrylamide and its electrophilic metabolite glycidamide. Male and female B6C3F1/Tk mice were treated intraperitoneally on postnatal days (PNDs) 1, 8 and 15 or PNDs 1–8 with 0.14 or 0.70 mmol acrylamide or glycidamide per kg body weight per day. One day after the final dose, B6C3F1/Tk+/+ mice were killed to measure DNA adduct levels and peripheral blood micronuclei. Three weeks after the last treatment, B6C3F1/Tk+/− mice were killed to assess the Hprt and Tk mutant frequencies in spleen lymphocytes. The levels of N7‐(2‐carbamoyl‐2‐hydroxyethyl)guanine, the major glycidamide‐DNA adduct, decreased in the order 0.70 mmol glycidamide > 0.70 mmol acrylamide > 0.14 mmol glycidamide ∼ 0.14 mmol acrylamide. Only glycidamide increased the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes and normochromatic erythrocytes. In mice treated on PNDs 1, 8 and 15, the Hprt mutant frequency was increased by 0.70 mmol glycidamide. In mice dosed on PNDs 1–8, 0.70 mmol glycidamide caused extensive mortality; each of the other treatments increased the Tk mutant frequency, whereas acrylamide increased the Hprt mutant frequency. These data suggest that the mutagenic response in neonatal mice treated on PNDs 1, 8 and 15 is due to glycidamide, whereas mutations resulting from dosing on PNDs 1–8 are due to another mechanism. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parent-Offspring Conflict over Mating: Testing the Tradeoffs Hypothesis

The difference in genetic relatedness between parents and offspring results into traits such as beauty being more beneficial in a spouse than in an in-law. As a consequence, mate and in-law preferences do not overlap, and each party tends to prefer more the traits that give it more benefits. This paper tests the hypothesis that this divergence in preferences interacts with the tradeoffs nature of mating to give rise to parent-offspring conflict over mating. In particular, using a design where mate choice is constrained by a budget, three hypotheses are tested: First, asymmetries between in-law and mate preferences result in asymmetrical compromises in the choice of an in-law and a spouse. Second, the hypothesis is tested that when choice is constrained, disagreement spreads to traits where there is no divergence between in-law and mate preferences. Finally, it is hypothesized that there is a negative relationship between mate value and parent-offspring conflict over mating. Evidence from two independent studies in two different countries provides support for all three hypotheses.
Metaphor and Thought: The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language

I should like to respond to Professor Schon's chapter by replaying his theme several octaves lower. In my opinion, he has struck exactly the right set of notes. “Problem setting” should indeed be considered the crucial process, as opposed to “problem solving. ” And the “stories that people tell about troublesome situations” do set up or “mediate” the problem. And “frame conflict” between various stories should be studied in detail, precisely because it is quite often “immune to resolution by appeal to the facts. ” It is hard to think of a better overture to genuine advance in the social and behavioral sciences than this. At the same time, it seems to me that Schon has managed to sound these excellent notes only in their overtones, so that the fundamental frequency is barely to be heard – even though, to my ears at least, Schon's kind of thinking is real and long awaited music. Quite simply, what I believe is missing is the application of Schon's wisdom – this paradigm-consciousness – to human communication itself. It may seem predictable that I, a linguist, would take such a position. But, if I do, it is hardly disciplinary narrow-mindedness that motivates me. In 1954, Norbert Wiener, one of the originators of information theory, and the “father of cybernetics,” stated quite flatly: “Society can only be understood through a study of the messages and communications facilities which belong to it” (Wiener, 1954, p. 16).
The Effects of Observation of Learn Units During Reinforcement and Correction Conditions on the Rate of Learning Math Algorithms by Fifth Grade Students

The Effect of Observation of Learn Units During Reinforcement and Correction Conditions on the Acquisition of Math Algorithms by Fifth Grade Students Jessica Adele Neu I conducted two studies on the comparative effects of the observation of learn units during (a) reinforcement or (b) correction conditions on the acquisition of math objectives. The dependent variables were the within-session cumulative numbers of correct responses emitted during observational sessions. The independent variables were the observation of reinforcement for correct responses as the control condition and the observation of corrections for incorrect responses. Eight 11-year-old target participants, 3 females and 5 males, were selected to participate in Experiment 1, during which a counterbalanced simultaneous treatment across participants design was used. Target participants and non-target peers were presented with math objectives that were not in repertoire. The non-target peers received feedback in the form of either reinforcement or a correction in 2 separate conditions while target students observed and received no feedback. Results from Experiment 1 showed that all of the target participants mastered the 3 math objectives presented during the observation of the correction condition and 7 of the 8 target participants mastered the objective during the reinforcement condition. Target participants met criterion with significantly fewer numbers of observing opportunities during the correction condition than during the reinforcement condition. Experiment 2 was a replication of Experiment 1 with greater experimental control. Six target participants, 4 females and 2 males, 10-year-olds, were selected to participate in Experiment 2, in which a between subjects counterbalanced reversal design across conditions and math objectives was implemented.
Ingression Progression Complexes Control Extracellular Matrix Remodelling during Cytokinesis in Budding Yeast

Eukaryotic cells must coordinate contraction of the actomyosin ring at the division site together with ingression of the plasma membrane and remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to support cytokinesis, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In eukaryotes, glycosyltransferases that synthesise ECM polysaccharides are emerging as key factors during cytokinesis. The budding yeast chitin synthase Chs2 makes the primary septum, a special layer of the ECM, which is an essential process during cell division. Here we isolated a group of actomyosin ring components that form complexes together with Chs2 at the cleavage site at the end of the cell cycle, which we named ‘ingression progression complexes’ (IPCs). In addition to type II myosin, the IQGAP protein Iqg1 and Chs2, IPCs contain the F-BAR protein Hof1, and the cytokinesis regulators Inn1 and Cyk3. We describe the molecular mechanism by which chitin synthase is activated by direct association of the C2 domain of Inn1, and the transglutaminase-like domain of Cyk3, with the catalytic domain of Chs2. We used an experimental system to find a previously unanticipated role for the C-terminus of Inn1 in preventing the untimely activation of Chs2 at the cleavage site until Cyk3 releases the block on Chs2 activity during late mitosis. These findings support a model for the co-ordinated regulation of cell division in budding yeast, in which IPCs play a central role.
Inter-Domain Roaming Mechanism Transparent to IPv6-Node among PMIPv6 Networks

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is designed to provide mobility service to IPv6-nodes in a network domain by network-based management which does not require the nodes to be involved in IP mobility management. In other words, the PMIPv6 can support roaming within a PMIPv6 domain, i.e. intra-domain roaming, transparent to mobile nodes. Recently, next generation wireless networks, such as 802.16e and Super 3G/3.9G, adopt the PMIPv6 as a management solution of the IP mobility. Such extensive adoption of the PMIPv6 might lead to frequent roaming of IPv6-nodes not only within a PMIPv6 domain but also between PMIPv6 domains. However, for the roaming between PMIPv6 domain, i.e. inter-domain roaming, existing solutions take interworking between PMIPv6 and MIPv6 into consideration. It means that every mobile node should involve IP mobility management although the nodes merely move around among PMIPv6 domains which provide the transparent node mobility service. Hence, we propose a network-based roaming mechanism between PMIPv6 domains to offer transparent mobility support to IPv6-nodes. The inter-domain mechanism takes into account concatenated tunnels between home domain and visited domain. The tunnels would be established by signaling among routers in the home and visited PMIPv6 network domains.
Influences on cheating practice of graduate students in IT courses: what are the factors?

This paper presents an analysis of results of a survey of graduate students in IT courses that aimed to gain an understanding of their views of cheating and knowledge of their cheating practice. The survey was part of an investigation into the cheating behaviour of IT students within the Faculty of Information Technology of Monash University. Using a factor analysis technique, categories of cheating behaviour and categories of reasons that could cause cheating or prevent cheating were identified. These were then used to determine possible influences on different types of cheating behaviour. A search of the literature has shown that there is a scarcity of studies of cheating behaviour of IT students, especially at the graduate level. The results of this study are informing an education program and development of policy on student cheating within our Faculty.
Dual-task performance in adults with autism

Introduction. Based on previous evidence of executive function deficits in autism, it was hypothesised that people with autism would demonstrate a pattern of spared abilities on the slave system of working memory, although demonstrating an overt deficit of the central executive. Method. The performance of a group of adults with autism (n = 16) and that of a matched control group of healthy volunteers (n = 16) was compared over a range of executive tasks including dual-task performance. Results. The results are broadly consistent with the initial hypothesis: the performance on the dual task of the people with autism was impaired with respect to that of the control group. However, no differences emerged between the two groups in the performance of individual components of the task. Conclusion. All executive tests used in this study predicted the inclusion in the autistic group but there was not a high correlation among executive scores.