Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An immersed interface method for the vortex-in-cell algorithm

The paper presents a two-dimensional immersed interface technique for the vortex-in-cell (VIC) method for the simulation of flows past complex geometries. The particle-mesh VIC algorithm is augmented by a local particle-particle (PP) correction term in a particle-particle particle-mesh (PPPM) context to resolve sub-grid scales incurred by the presence of the immersed interface. The PP correction furthermore allows mesh and particle resolution to be disjoined by explicitly resolving sub-grid scales on the particles. This PPPM algorithm uses an influence matrix technique to annihilate the anisotropic sub-grid scales and an exact PP correction term. Free-space boundary conditions are satisfied through the use of modified Green's functions in the solution of the Poisson equation for the stream function. The random walk technique is employed for the diffusion in order to relax the need for a remeshing of the computational elements close to solid boundaries. The immersed interface technique is applied to the fl.
Partners' Support During Good Times: Associations With Fears of Positive and Negative Evaluation

Capitalization interactions within romantic couples, in which they share positive events with each other, are significantly tied to their satisfaction and overall wellbeing. Recent work suggests that social anxiety is negatively associated with beneficial capitalization interactions (i.e., making capitalization bids and responding with active and constructive responses). To further investigate this understanding, we offer a deeper and differentiating look at two core components of social anxiety: fears of positive and negative evaluation. In addition, we offer an innovative look at the varying self-disclosures of capitalization recipients, by using a novel index—Relevant Talking Time (RTT) which examines the duration of relevantly disclosing and discussing one's own good event. We reasoned that the two types of evaluative fears might have different connections to capitalization processes, considering provision, receipt, and self-disclosure. Our findings (N = 74; 37 community couples in a lab-videotaped‘ interaction) suggest that high fear of positive evaluation is associated with poorer provision of active-constructive capitalization, whereas high fear of negative evaluation is associated with a reduced disclosers' RTT. In addition, our results interestingly demonstrate that disclosers' RTT is tied to their partners' anxiety characteristics as well. We discuss the possible implications and explanations of our findings.
Does being wrong make Kettlewell wrong for science teaching?

Biology textbooks, almost without exception, introduce students to evolutionary theory with reference to the phenomenon of industrial melanism, long regarded as the classic example of natural selection. Its status as an icon among biology teachers and the public stands in stark contrast to ongoing debates among scientists which reveal that this phenomenon is nowhere near as well understood as textbooks would have us believe. The ‘classic’ account of the phenomenon of industrial melanism, associated with the work of H B D Kettlewell and recounted in texts and the popular media, is reviewed. Several major discrepancies are identified that have led some to conclude that it should be removed from textbooks altogether. It is argued that these problems actually augment the value of discussing the phenomenon of industrial melanism, and Kettlewell's work in particular, for the teaching of evolutionary biology. The ‘classic account’ has several advantages that make it particularly useful as an introduction to the concept of natural selection. Discussing some of the details so often omitted from texts can potentially enhance student understanding about the nature of science as a process.
Protozoa as Model System for Studies of Sensory Light Transduction: Photophobic Response in the Ciliate Stentor and Blepharisma

Summary. Stentor coeruleus and the related Blepharisma japonicum possess photoreceptor systems that render the cells capable of avoiding light. On account of this unique feature, these ciliates exhibit photodispersal as they tend to swim away from a bright illumin ation and accumulate in shady or dark areas. The observed photobehaviour is largely the result of a step-up photophobic response displaye d by both ciliates, although other behavioral reactions like phototaxis or photokinesis may also contribute to the photodispersal. The ph otophobic response caused by a sudden increase in light intensity (light stimulus) starts with a delayed cessation of ciliary beating tha t results in the disappearance of the cells forward swimming, then a period of ciliary reversal (backward movement) followed finally by renewed forward movement, often in a new direction. Reversal of ciliary beating during the photophobic response correlates with the generation of an action potential. The action potential is elicited by a photoreceptor potential, a transient membrane depolarization produced by the l ight stimulus. The photoreceptor potentials in both ciliates are initiated by light absorption in a cellular photoreceptor system based on hyp ericin-like chromophores - blepharismin in Blepharisma and stentorin in Stentor. Recent evidence indicates that biochemical processes, which couple the photochemical cycle within the cell pigment with photoreceptor potential, may be different in these organisms. In the case of Stentor, cyclic GMP is the probable candidate for an internal second messenger in photosignal transduction. In related Blepharisma cells, however, InsP 3 seems to be responsible for the alterations in membrane potentials and induction of light avoiding response. The data show tha t lower eukaryotic cells may use similar signal transduction pathways as observed in multicellular organisms. Therefore, on the basis o f lightdependent events observed in Blepharisma and Stentor, it seems appropriate to use protozoan cells as a model system for multidisciplinary studies of sensory signal transduction within single cells.
THE DIFFICULTY OF REDUCING INTRODUCED WASP (VESPULA VULGARIS) POPULATIONS FOR CONSERVATION GAINS

Summary: Introduced common wasps (Vespula vulgaris) are widespread, abundant pests in New Zealand. They compete for food with native birds and feed on native invertebrates. We poisoned wasps annually over 4 years to see if it was possible to reduce their abundance in two 30-ha beech forest sites. Two different poisons (sodium monofluoroacetate and sulfluramid) were used, mixed with sardine catfood. There was no evidence that one poison was more effective than the other. Between 82 and 100% of the colonies were killed in the poisoned sites, but reinvasion by foraging workers meant that cumulative wasp biomass (measured using Malaise traps) was reduced by only 55 - 70%. Individual wasps were about 16% heavier in the poisoned sites at the peak of the wasp season (March) than in the non-poisoned sites, although this had a minimal effect on cumulative biomass over the entire season. Conservation gains need to be quantified in order to assess whether the expense of such poisoning operations is warranted.
Rate-Distortion Analysis of Dead-Zone Plus Uniform Threshold Scalar Quantization and Its Application—Part II: Two-Pass VBR Coding for H.264/AVC

In the first part of this paper, we derive a source model describing the relationship between the rate, distortion, and quantization steps of the dead-zone plus uniform threshold scalar quantizers with nearly uniform reconstruction quantizers for generalized Gaussian distribution. This source model consists of rate-quantization, distortion-quantization (D-Q), and distortion-rate (D-R) models. In this part, we first rigorously confirm the accuracy of the proposed source model by comparing the calculated results with the coding data of JM 16.0. Efficient parameter estimation strategies are then developed to better employ this source model in our two-pass rate control method for H.264 variable bit rate coding. Based on our D-Q and D-R models, the proposed method is of high stability, low complexity and is easy to implement. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves: 1) average peak signal-to-noise ratio variance of only 0.0658 dB, compared to 1.8758 dB of JM 16.0's method, with an average rate control error of 1.95% and 2) significant improvement in smoothing the video quality compared with the latest two-pass rate control method.
High Expression of Cyclin D1 and p21 in N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea-Induced Breast Cancer in Wistar Albino Female Rats

Objective: N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) induces breast cancer in rodents, particularly in rats. This model of breast cancer is very similar to human breast cancer. As a continuation of our recent work, we investigated the expressions of cyclin D1 and p21 in NMU-induced breast cancer of Wistar Albino rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, mammary carcinoma was induced in female Wistar Albino rats by a new protocol which included the intraperitoneal injection of NMU (50 mg/kg) at 50, 65, and 80 days of the animal’s age. The animals were weighed weekly and palpated in order to record the numbers, location, and size of tumors. Subsequently tumor incidence (TI), latency period (LP), and tumor multiplicity (TM) were reported. About four weeks after the tumor size reached 1.5 cm3, rats were sacrificed. Cyclin D1 and p21 expressions in tumors and normal mammary glands from normal rats were measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) and Western blot analysis. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software version 16.0. Results: The efficiency of tumor induction was 65%, LP was 150 days, and a TM of 1.43 ± 0.53 per rat was noted. RT-PCR and Western blot data indicated significant (p<0.05) induction of both cyclin D1 and p21 expressions in rat mammary tumors compared with normal tissue from the control group. Conclusion: These results indicate an efficient mammary tumor induction protocol for this type of rat, which is accompanied by an increase in cyclin D1 and p21 expressions.
Learning from the experiences of Hmong mental health providers

This article is a condensed version of a doctoral dissertation studying Hmong mental health providers. The central research question for this study was: What is the meaning of being a Hmong mental health provider? 11 Hmong mental health providers were interviewed about their experiences. Interviewees were asked to describe specific experiences while doing this work. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed into text narratives. The methodology for conducting this research and analyzing the text was derived from the field of hermeneutic phenomenology. Five major themes emerged: (a) The clash; (b) I call him uncle; (c) Deciphering the code through Hmong embeddedness; (d) Tshuaj vwm (crazy drugs); and (e) In my heart I can see that it happened that way. Practical implications for educators and those working in the field of mental health are presented. Introduction/Background Over the last 45 years, the Hmong people have experienced trauma related to war and the refugee experience, as well as adjustment issues related to resettlement in the United States. Given these experiences, it is understandable that significant numbers of Hmong adults might have mental health related problems (Cerhan, 1990; Cha, 2003; Fang, 1998; Kroll, Habenicht & Mackenzie, 1989; Lie, Yang, Rai, & Vang, 2004; Mouanoutoua, 2003; Uba, 1994; Westermeyer, 1987, 1988, 1988, 1989 & 1989; Xiong, 2001). Lie et al. describe among Hmong refugees a number of mental health related issues, including major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. The authors attribute some of these mental health problems to the war, maltreatment in refugee camps, unresolved grief over multiple losses, the challenges in adjusting to life in
DEVELOPMENT OF QUANTITATIVE MEASURES FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF UPPER LIMB DYSFUNCTION

Acknowledgement I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Venkat Krovi because of whose constant encouragement, efforts, nagging and threats, the thesis has reached this stage. Many thanks to Dr. Nadine Fisher for the frequent feedbacks and new ideas, which ensured that I always had work to do. My gratitude to Dr. Roger Mayne too, who deemed my work good enough to be on my thesis defense committee. Talib and Glenn; I won't bother you any more in the near future. I also appreciate the efforts put in by Laura Malczewski in helping me conduct the experiments. I also thank NYSCEDII for providing me with the much needed financial support. Thanks to all the Furnas 10th floor folks too, especially Chii-Chuan. I also appreciate the patience of my present and former housemates' with few verbal complaints and almost no physical assaults. Thanks to my senior friends and well wishers-Lauren and Larson-ISI, whose appreciation, gifts and dinners have added highlights to my life in Buffalo. Many thanks to Deepa, Rohit and Lloyd for keeping me motivated and calling me every week to patiently listen to my complaints. I'd also like to thank all my family, friends and well wishers in India whose sincere efforts ensured that I got kicked-out from there. I also thank all my friends and co-workers whose names have not been explicitly listed over here.
Revisiting Differentially Private Hypothesis Tests for Categorical Data

In this paper, we consider methods for performing hypothesis tests on data protected by a statistical disclosure control technology known as differential privacy. Previous approaches to differentially private hypothesis testing either perturbed the test statistic with random noise having large variance (and resulted in a significant loss of power) or added smaller amounts of noise directly to the data but failed to adjust the test in response to the added noise (resulting in biased, unreliable $p$-values). In this paper, we develop a variety of practical hypothesis tests that address these problems. Using a different asymptotic regime that is more suited to hypothesis testing with privacy, we show a modified equivalence between chi-squared tests and likelihood ratio tests. We then develop differentially private likelihood ratio and chi-squared tests for a variety of applications on tabular data (i.e., independence, sample proportions, and goodness-of-fit tests). Experimental evaluations on small and large datasets using a wide variety of privacy settings demonstrate the practicality and reliability of our methods.
What influences patient choice of treatment modality at the pre-dialysis stage?

BACKGROUND There is little information on factors influencing patient choice of renal replacement modality (RRM) in the UK. Pre-dialysis education programmes have been associated with increased uptake of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in other countries but their relevance in informing patient choice within UK centres has not been extensively studied. In this study, we examined how patient choice of different treatment modalities [haemodialysis (HD), PD and conservative management (CM)] is influenced by personal and demographic parameters. METHODS Questionnaires were sent to 242 pre-dialysis patients from a single centre. Patients were asked to rate factors affecting their treatment choice. Demographics, functional status, educational day attendance and Charlson index (CI) scores were also collected. RESULTS One hundred and eighteen replies were received. Seventy per cent of patients had chosen HD, 20% PD and 10% had opted for CM. There was a clear association between age and modality choice. Mean age of patients choosing PD was 55 years compared to 68 years for HD and 84 years for CM (P<0.001). Similarly, the degree of co-morbidity was linked with treatment choice, with patients choosing PD having a mean CI score of 4.1 compared to 5.8 among HD patients and 7.7 for CM (P<0.001). Factors rated as important by all three groups were: the ability to cope, fitting modality with lifestyle, distance to centre and verbal and written information about modality. Conversely, factors rated as not important by all groups were: use of internet, religious beliefs and friends' views. Using analysis of variance, there was a statistically significant variance between the HD and the PD group responses in the following factors: provision of written information (P=0.048), fitting modality with lifestyle (P=0.025), family/home/work circumstances (P=0.003) and past medical history (P=0.018). Fifty per cent of patients who chose PD attended a formal education day compared to 32.9% that chose HD and 0% that chose CM (P=0.011). The following demographic factors were crucial in predicting RRM choice: being married (PD 95.7%, HD 53.8%, CM 41.7%; P<0.001), being employed (PD 33.3%, HD 11.5%, CM 0%; P=0.015) and having another person living at home (PD 100%, HD 69.5%, CM 50%; P=0.003). Patients who have had a social services assessment in the last 12 months or received private care services or disability allowance were more likely to choose CM. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights important factors influencing patient choice of end-stage renal disease treatment modality including CM. While some of these are non-modifiable, such as age and degree of co-morbidity, others draw attention to the importance of good information provision and pre-dialysis education in empowering socially able patients to choose self-care therapies. Furthermore, the overwhelming association of having a strong social support network and being functionally able with choosing PD emphasizes the need for assisted PD.
Dedukti: a Logical Framework based on the λΠ-Calculus Modulo Theory

Dedukti is a Logical Framework based on the λ Π-Calculus Modulo Theory. We show that many theories can be expressed in Dedukti : constructive and classical predicate logic, Simple type theory, programming languages, Pure type systems, the Calculus of inductive constructions with universes, etc. and that permits to used it to check large libraries of proofs developed in other proof systems: Zenon , iProver , FoCaLiZe , HOL Light , and Matita .
Counting Clicks: Quantification and Variation in Web Journalism in the United States and France1

Sociological studies often emphasize the role of metrics in broader processes of convergence and homogenization. Yet numbers can take on different meanings depending on their contexts. This article focuses on the case of journalism, a field transformed by quantification in the form of “clicks. ” Drawing on ethnographic material gathered at two news websites—one in New York, the other in Paris—it documents important differences in the uses and meanings assigned to audience metrics in the United States and France. At the U.S. website, editors make significant decisions based on metrics, but staff journalists are relatively unconcerned by them. At the French website, however, editors are conflicted about metrics, but staff writers fixate on them. To understand these differences, this article analyzes how the trajectories of the U.S. and French journalistic fields affect newsroom dynamics. It shows how cultural differences can be reproduced at a time of technological convergence.
The Adoption of Internet-Based Marketing Channels

This article examines manufacturers' step to adopt Internet-based communication with their customers. In order to explain the adoption of electronic marketing channels a model is developed. Based on answers from 353 Danish manufacturers the model is tested and modified using LISREL analysis. A revised model is able to explain 68% of the variance in the adoption of Internet-based marketing channels. The results stress that the adoption of Internet-based interaction with the customers are influenced positively by willingness to cannibalize and the firm's knowledge of IT. Willingness to cannibalize mediates the effects from future market orientation, Internet ownership, specialized investments and top management support. Firm size has a negative effect on the adoption of the Internet-based marketing channels.
Assessment of Genetic Variability of 142 Sweet Sorghum Germplasm of Diverse Origin with Molecular and Morphological Markers

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moech is the fifth most important crop in the world. Recently, its agronomics and genetics have drawn interest among scientists. Sweet sorghum, a variety of sorghum, may potentially become a bioenergy source because of the high sugar content in its juicy stems. Exploring the diversity of sweet sorghum around the world is important to the development and improvement of the crop as an energy source. In exploring the diversity of sweet sorghum, three types of markers (simple sequence repeats [SSR], sequence-related amplified polymorphisms [SRAP], and morphological markers) are used on 142 sweet sorghum accessions from around the world. The accessions show a high significance (P < 0.05) for all the morphological traits measured. The morphological markers cluster the accessions into five groups based primarily on plant height (PH), anthesis data (AD), and moisture content (ML), with the principal component analysis (PCA) showing these traits to explain 92.5% of the total variation. The furthest accessions were PI571103 from Sudan, and N99 from the United States. The Nei’s genetic standard distances ranged from 0.024 to 1.135 and 0.078 to 0.866 for SSR and SRAP, respectively. As expected, accessions of the same origin or breeding history had the lowest genetic distance (e.g. Mokula and Marupantse, both from Botswana; NSL83777 and NSL83779 from Cameroon). Neighbor joining clusters the sweet sorghum accessions into five major groups using SSR and four major groups using SRAP, based on their origin, or breeding history. The three marker types complement each other, and the presence of accessions of different origins across clusters indicate similar genetics, and evidence of germplasm movement between countries.
The Effects of Pharmacist Intervention on Emergency Department Visits in Patients 80 Years and Older: Subgroup Analyses by Number of Prescribed Drugs and Appropriate Prescribing

Background Clinical pharmacist interventions have been shown to have positive effect on occurrence of drug-related issues as well as on clinical outcomes. However, evidence about which patients benefiting most from the interventions is limited. We aimed to explore whether pharmacist intervention is equally effective in preventing emergency department (ED) visits in patients with few or many prescribed drugs and in those with different levels of inappropriate prescribing. Methods Patient and outcome data from a randomized controlled trial exploring the clinical effects of a ward-based pharmacist intervention in patients, 80 years and older, were used. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the number of prescribed drugs (<5 or ≥5 drugs) and the level of inappropriate prescribing [using the Screening Tool Of Older People's potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) and the Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment (START) with a score of ≥2 (STOPP) and ≥1 (START) as cutoff points]. The effect of the intervention on the number of times the different subgroups visited the ED was analyzed. Results The pharmacist intervention was more effective with respect to the number of subsequent ED visits in patients taking <5 drugs on admission than in those taking ≥5 drugs. The rate ratio (RR) for a subsequent ED visit was 0.22 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.52] for <5 drugs and 0.70 (95% CI 0.47–1.04) for ≥5 drugs (p = 0.02 for the interaction). The effect of intervention did not differ between patients with high or low STOPP or START scores. Conclusion In this exploratory study, the pharmacist intervention appeared to be more effective in preventing visits to the ED for patients who were taking fewer drugs before the intervention. Our analysis of STOPP and START scores indicated that the level of inappropriate prescribing on admission had no effect on the outcomes of intervention with respect to ED visits.