Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing Self-Regulated Learners: Goal Setting, Self-Evaluation, and Organizational Signals During Acquisition of Procedural Skills

The authors examined how 2 types of goal setting (process vs. outcome), self-evaluation (presence vs. absence), and organizational signals (presence vs. absence) affected student ability to perform a set of procedural skills, namely animating slides created via presentation software. They also examined how these variables influenced a variety of affective outcomes, including students' self-efficacy, satisfaction with their performance, evaluation of the instruction, and attributions of success or lack of success in acquiring the skills. Using a 2 X 2 X 2 (Goal Setting X Self-Evaluation X Organizational Signals) design, 96 ninth- and tenth-grade students were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 versions of a print-based instructional module designed to teach slide-animation skills. Results indicated that students in the process goal condition reported a higher degree of self-efficacy, more satisfaction with their performance, and more strategic attributions than students in the outcome goal condition. Moreover, among students who were not directed to self-evaluate their own work, those students in the process goal condition demonstrated a higher level of animation skills, self-efficacy, and satisfaction, and rated the instruction more positively than did their counterparts in the outcome goal group. Self-evaluation also had a positive effect on student skill acquisition, particularly for students in the outcome goal condition. Organizational signals did not have any effect on any of the dependent measures. These results are discussed from a social cognitive perspective of self-regulation.
Job Demands, Engagement, and Turnover Intentions in Polish Nurses: The Role of Work-Family Interface

Background: Poland has lower ratios of employed registered nurses per 1,000 inhabitants than the EU average. Polish nurses work under miserable conditions without assisting personnel, and they reconcile their professional demands with responsibilities for their families; 96% of them are women. Rationale/Aims: This study uses Hobfoll’s conservation of resources (CORs) theory to explain the role of various resources in the improvement of work conditions in the nursing profession. Work-family conflict (WFC) and family work conflict (FWC) threaten to deplete nurses’ resources. This paper set out to (1) examine the extent to which perceived job demands (workload and interpersonal conflicts at work) and engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption) are associated with turnover intentions (the intention to leave the present workplace and the intention to leave the nursing profession); (2) attempt to determine whether levels of WFC and FWC moderate these associations. Design/Method: This study comprised 188 female registered nurses. The inclusion criterion was to live with a partner and/or have children. Results: WFC was moderately related to FWC. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that only high job demands and low vigor were significantly associated with turnover intentions. WFC was experienced more intensively than FWC. Job demands, vigor, dedication, and turnover intentions had a strong effect on WFC, while absorption had a strong effect on FWC. However, levels of WFC and FWC did not significantly moderate these associations. Originality/Conclusion: The study produces new knowledge by examining a constellation of job demands, work engagement and WFC, which reflect the management of personal resources. Results from such a constellation in nurses from countries with a post-transformational economic system have not previously been discussed in the light of COR theory. Most importantly, we conclude that WFC does not intensify turnover intentions.
SMEs and electronic commerce: a departure from the traditional prioritisation of training?

The strong presence of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is a key feature of the Irish economy. The sector is considered to be a crucial factor in the nation’s competitive development, particularly in recognition of its contribution to economic renewal which is primarily witnessed through employment generation, innovation and wealth creation. The organisational implementation of new technologies and electronic commerce in particular can aid SMEs in coping with their operational environment and can provide numerous organisational opportunities. However, current literature stipulates that SMEs are not proficient in their exploitation of electronic commerce and are weak in their provision of training thereof. The factors influencing this phenomenon are explored in this paper.
Dyadic synchrony in parent–child interactions: A link with maternal representations of attachment relationships

Cette etude examine la relation entre les representations maternelles de relations d'attachement a partir de leur propre enfance et des interactions presentes parent-enfant avec leurs propres enfants d'ge prescolaire. Trente six dyades mere-enfant ont ete recrutees a partir d'un echantillon communautaire. L'Entretien D'Attachement Adulte (abrege AAI en anglais) a ete transforme en un questionnaire (AAIQ) et utilise pour classifier les meres comme etant soit confiantes ou peu confiantes. Les dyades mere-enfant ont ensuite effectue un exercice de jeu filme d'une duree de 20 minutes. La qualite des representations maternelles des relations d'attachement etait liee au degre de synchronie dyadique, ainsi qu'a l'affect maternel et au style de relation. Les meres confiantes et leurs enfants faisaient etat d'un processus d'echange plus synchrone, plus fluide que les meres non confiantes et leurs enfants. De plus, comparees aux meres non confiantes, les meres confiantes exprimaient plus de chaleur et d'affection, et leur style de relation etait moins importun et plus encourageant pour l'autonomie de l'enfant. Les enfants de meres confiantes recherchaient un contact plus etroit et etaient plus dociles que les enfants de meres non confiantes. Ces patterns d'interaction etaient uniquement lies aux representations maternelles de l'attachement, sans differences dues a l'âge des meres, a l'education ou au SES. Il y avait aucune differences dans ces patterns de relation entre les meres qui avaient fait l'experience de relations affectueuses dans l'enfance (confiantes continues) et les meres qui avaient fini par accepter des relations difficiles et manquant d'affection durant leur enfance (confiantes gagnees). Donc, plutot que la qualite des recits d'enfance, c'etait la maniere dont ces experiences etaient mentalement organisees et integrees a l'âge adulte qui etait lie de maniere significative aux patterns presents d'interaction parent-enfant. Enfin, ces differences dans les patterns d'interaction parent-enfant qui etaient apparentes a la mesure d'observation, tranchaient precisement avec les renseignements obtenus a partir d'une mesure rapportee par la mere.
Plasma levels of leukotriene B4 in asthmatic patients.

We measured changes in plasma levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) during the clinical course of bronchial asthma. Samples of 2 ml of blood were drawn from the femoral artery of 5 patients on two occasions: a) during remission and b) during an attack. LTB4 levels were determined by a combination of high-performance chromatography with radioimmunoassay. In the 5 asthmatic patients, the LTB4 levels (mean +/- S.D.) on the two occasions were respectively 34.2 +/- 8.6 and 118.0 +/- 49.5 pg/ml. In contrast, the mean LTB4 level of 5 control subjects was 23.5 +/- 3.77 pg/ml. LTB4 levels differed significantly between remission and an attack. The corresponding mean PaCO2 values on the two occasions were respectively 37.7 +/- 1.8 and 47.3 +/- 2.2 mmHg. LTB4 showed good correlation with PaCO2. We therefore suggest that leukotriene B4 levels in arterial blood are associated with the severity of asthmatic attacks.
Multiple ζ -motives and moduli spaces M 0 ,n

We give a natural construction of framed mixed Tate motives unramiﬁed over Z whose periods are the multiple ζ -values. Namely, for each convergent multiple ζ -value we deﬁne two boundary divisors A and B in the moduli space M 0 ,n +3 of stable curves of genus zero. The corresponding multiple zeta-motive is the n th cohomology of the pair ( M 0 ,n +3 − A, B ).
Substance dependence and mental health in northern Iran.

BACKGROUND Today, substance dependence and illegal trading of narcotics is considered as a global issue. Since mental disorder has been reported in about 90% of the substance dependents, this study aimed at determining the rate of mental health in the substance dependents in Sari Township in 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 500 substance-dependent patients were selected using convenience sampling method. To collect data, SCL-90-R was used for the evaluation of their mental health and a demographic questionnaire was employed for identifying their personal information. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software. RESULTS It was found that 90.4% of the participants were susceptible to mental disorder. Most of them suffered from depression, psychoticism, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and paranoia. Also, there was significant relationship between the mental health of single, divorced and married addicts (P < 0.21). CONCLUSION Due to the presence of mental disorder in the substance-dependent patients, it is recommended to help treat them by providing them with education, psychotherapy, and psychiatric medication.
Inverse correlation of intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP levels in renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal tumour in adults. Altered levels of secondary messengers, that is, intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP (cAMP), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. In the present study, we measured levels of intracellular calcium and cAMP in RCC. The intracellular calcium level was significantly reduced, whereas the cAMP level was significantly augmented in RCC as compared with adjacent grossly normal renal parenchyma. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Collective Violence Correlated with Social Pluralism?

In order to determine the contribution of social pluralism (ethnic, religious, and racial differences) to violence, diverse multivariate cross-national analyses were done. These involved 109 variables on conflict and violence; pluralism; and social political, economic, demographic, and cultural differences for all states, 1932 to 1982. The results show that pluralism is a multidimensional empirical concept; that regardless of which dimension is focused upon, it has a lesser relationship to violence than do other national characteristics, such as political freedom. And what relationship is found between pluralism and violence, holding other variables constant, is largely accounted for by the number of ethnic and religious groups in a state. Drawing on this and other studies, the conclusion is that where political power is centralized around a trans-plural group, such as a military junta or monarch, or trans-plural ideology, such as communism or fascism, then violence is highly likely, regardless of what plural units may or may not exist. And where power is centralized, nondemocratic, and highly dependent upon one's social group membership, such as ethnicity or religion, then collective violence is also highly likely.
Predicting reintubation, prolonged mechanical ventilation and death in post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a comparison between artificial neural networks and logistic regression models

Introduction In coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery, the common complications are the need for reintubation, prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) and death. Thus, a reliable model for the prognostic evaluation of those particular outcomes is a worthwhile pursuit. The existence of such a system would lead to better resource planning, cost reductions and an increased ability to guide preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to compare different methods – logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) – in accomplishing this goal. Material and methods Subjects undergoing CABG (n = 1315) were divided into training (n = 1053) and validation (n = 262) groups. The set of independent variables consisted of age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, diabetes, creatinine level, cardiopulmonary bypass, presence of preserved ventricular function, moderate and severe ventricular dysfunction and total number of grafts. The PMV was also an input for the prediction of death. The ability of ANN to discriminate outcomes was assessed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the results were compared using a multivariate LR. Results The ROC curve areas for LR and ANN models, respectively, were: for reintubation 0.62 (CI: 0.50–0.75) and 0.65 (CI: 0.53–0.77); for PMV 0.67 (CI: 0.57–0.78) and 0.72 (CI: 0.64–0.81); and for death 0.86 (CI: 0.79–0.93) and 0.85 (CI: 0.80–0.91). No differences were observed between models. Conclusions The ANN has similar discriminating power in predicting reintubation, PMV and death outcomes. Thus, both models may be applicable as a predictor for these outcomes in subjects undergoing CABG.
Public Attitudes toward Persons with Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs): The Role of Social Contact and Treatment-Seeking Behavior

For more than 60 years sociologists have examined public attitudes toward persons with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), but there is little recent data on this topic. Using responses to vignettes administered in a 2003 national computer-assisted telephone survey (N = 1394) of employed Americans, this paper examines three research questions: (1) How willing are Americans to interact with persons with AUDs? (2) How are preferences for social distance shaped by known contact with a problem drinker? (3) How does treatment-seeking behavior of a known problem drinker influence such preferences? Results indicate that respondents are reluctant to interact with persons with AUDs, especially in the context of work and family life. Multivariate analyses reveal that respondents who knew a relative or coworker with a drinking problem were more likely to desire social distance from the alcohol dependent vignette person. Consistent with the social contact thesis, respondents who reported spending more time with a known problem drinker, were less likely to desire social distance from persons with AUDs, as were respondents who reported that the known problem drinker received treatment from a counselor, psychiatrist, or physician. These results suggest that stigma associated with AUDs may be decreased through formal treatment for AUDs, as well as by greater diffusion of knowledge about the positive effects of treatment.
A special teacher for a special child? (Re)considering the role of the special education teacher within the context of an inclusive education reform agenda

Notwithstanding the recent signing and ratification by Cyprus of another International Convention on the rights of students designated as having special educational needs and/or disabilities to attend mainstream schools on an equal basis with their peers, local policy and practice promote an ‘exclusionary inclusion’ that draws a discernible line between general and special education. This paper concentrates on exploring the role of special education teachers in Cyprus in the light of policy concerns about providing the ‘least restrictive’ learning environment for this group of students and enabling them ‘to reach their full potential’. It is suggested that the role of special education teachers embodies and reflects reductionist forms of inclusion informed by deficit-oriented and assimilationist special education perspectives, while there is also evidence of a lack of professionalism and accountability. The paper draws on head teachers’ and special education teachers’ interviews in order to portray the ways in which they view and experience the role of special education teachers in mainstream schools in Cyprus. New objectives and future directions are identified and discussed.
Exploratory Study on the Factors Affecting Marital Satisfaction among Remarried Korean Couples

This study examined 157 remarried couples with middle or high school children to identify factors affecting marital satisfaction. Sociodemographic factors such as sex, family income, type of remarried family, and presence of a biological child of the remarried couple were identified as independent variables associated with remarried couples’ marital satisfaction. The results of an analysis of the effects of all factors on marital satisfaction indicated that role ambiguity was found to be the most significant factor explaining the level of remarried couples’ marital satisfaction, followed by role conflict, conjugal communication, family boundary ambiguity, family support, and type of remarriage in descending order of statistical significance. Concluding practical recommendations for social work are made based on these results.
Control of Attention Shifts between Vision and Audition in Human Cortex

Selective attention contributes to perceptual efficiency by modulating cortical activity according to task demands. Visual attention is controlled by activity in posterior parietal and superior frontal cortices, but little is known about the neural basis of attentional control within and between other sensory modalities. We examined human brain activity during attention shifts between vision and audition. Attention shifts from vision to audition caused increased activity in auditory cortex and decreased activity in visual cortex and vice versa, reflecting the effects of attention on sensory representations. Posterior parietal and superior prefrontal cortices exhibited transient increases in activity that were time locked to the initiation of voluntary attention shifts between vision and audition. These findings reveal that the attentional control functions of posterior parietal and superior prefrontal cortices are not limited to the visual domain but also include the control of crossmodal shifts of attention.
The Academic Work Environment in Australian Universities: A motivating place to work?

This paper identifies positive (motivating) and negative (demotivating) sources of academic work motivation in Australian universities. In 1998, the Academic Work Environment Survey (Winter, Taylor, & Sarros, 2000) was administered to a stratified sample (five positions, five disciplines) of 2,609 academics in four types of university (research, metropolitan, regional, university of technology). A total of 1,041 usable surveys were returned (response rate of 40 per cent). Across the sample, academics reported moderate levels of work motivation. Work motivation was found to be relatively strong at professorial levels but weak at lecturer levels. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicated the work environment in academe is motivating when roles are clear, job tasks are challenging, and supervisors exhibit a supportive leadership style. The work environment is demotivating where there is role overload, low job feedback, low participation, and poor recognition and rewards practices. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of study findings for university leadership.
Developing an Arabic Treebank: Methods, Guidelines, Procedures, and Tools

In this paper we address the following questions from our experience of the last two and a half years in developing a large-scale corpus of Arabic text annotated for morphological information, part-of-speech, English gloss, and syntactic structure: (a) How did we 'leapfrog' through the stumbling blocks of both methodology and training in setting up the Penn Arabic Treebank (ATB) annotation? (b) How did we reconcile the Penn Treebank annotation principles and practices with the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) traditional and more recent grammatical concepts? (c) What are the current issues and nagging problems? (d) What has been achieved and what are our future expectations?
Device Physics of Solution‐Processed Organic Field‐Effect Transistors

Field‐effect transistors based on solution‐processible organic semiconductors have experienced impressive improvements in both performance and reliability in recent years, and printing‐based manufacturing processes for integrated transistor circuits are being developed to realize low‐cost, large‐area electronic products on flexible substrates. This article reviews the materials, charge‐transport, and device physics of solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors, focusing in particular on the physics of the active semiconductor/dielectric interface. Issues such as the relationship between microstructure and charge transport, the critical role of the gate dielectric, the influence of polaronic relaxation and disorder effects on charge transport, charge‐injection mechanisms, and the current understanding of mechanisms for charge trapping are reviewed. Many interesting questions on how the molecular and electronic structures and the presence of defects at organic/organic heterointerfaces influence the device performance and stability remain to be explored.
Migration and differentiation in western Kenya: A tale of two sub‐locations

Drawing on sociological and economic research methods and fieldwork, we examine processes of long term and contemporary differentiation in two west Kenya sub‐locations. Our analysis is at variance with existing explanations which, by extrapolating from Central Kenya, have emphasised links between migration, land purchases and agriculture. We find that the interaction of economic and social processes with ecological constraints has resulted in labour migration promoting differentiation through its funding of investment in education. This process is not linear; there are historical ruptures in the processes of differentiation.
A Triangulated Approach to the Modelling of Learning Outcomes in First Year Economics

Initial insights derived from modelling aspects of learning outcomes in the first year study of economics are presented. Of particular interest are three forms of entering students' prior knowledge: (a) subject-specific prior knowledge; (b) conceptions of learning, and (c) learning history. Part 1 compares the analyses of variance of inventory responses of the 1998 first year cohorts of the Universities of Adelaide and South Australia. Results across the two universities are consistent in confirming the significant effects of having studied economics at school, having English as a second language, and holding economic misconceptions, on (end of semester one) learning outcomes. Part 2 models learning outcomes using three approaches: (a) a single dimension of variation (selected from a more complex common factor model) which is then used to inform; (b) a k-means cluster analysis; and (c) a non-linear regression analysis. This "triangulation" of approaches produces different but complementary insights into the underlying relationships being modelled and improves our understanding of the learning engagement processes of entering first year economics students.