Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growing up bad: Black youth, `road' culture and badness in an East London neighbourhood

This paper addresses the role and importance of badness within the youth subculture (`Road' Life) of young black Caribbean males growing up in an East London neighbourhood. The research that I have undertaken attempts to explore how the notion of badness particularly influences the young informant's attitudes, values, behaviour and dress wear. Adapting and integrating the concepts of `drift' (Matza, 1964), `code of the street' (Anderson, 1999), and the `seductions of crime' (Katz, 1988), I examine the way in which the majority of young black males involved with Road Life, look to appropriate and flirt with certain aspects of badness for reasons to do with survival, `money-making', and aesthetics (style and fashion). I will then go on to briefly focus on the small minority of young males whose lifestyles centre around the practicing of badness; where I am mainly concerned with detailing their values, attitudes and the types of activities that these `rude boys' might be involved in. This paper is based upon a much larger ethnographic study undertaken in an East London neighbourhood. Empirical data was gleaned via participant observation supplemented by semi-structured interviews.
Semantic labeling of aerial images by learning class-specific object proposals

Land-cover and land-use semantic labeling in centimeter resolution imagery (ultra-high resolution) is mostly performed by supervised classification of informative descriptors extracted from spatially coherent but small objects (e.g. superpixels or patches). In this paper, we propose an extension of this reasoning by proposing a class-specific, multi-scale and bottom-up object proposal strategy to perform semantic labeling. Specifically, we rely on a fully trainable boundary (edge) detector, allowing us to extract class-specific object-proposals. Such proposals enable training rich appearance and object models as well as enhanced spatial reasoning. We evaluate the proposed strategy on the Vaihingen dataset with promising results.
Regulation of Innate Lymphoid Cells by Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

With striking similarity to their adaptive T helper cell counterparts, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent an emerging family of cell types that express signature transcription factors, including T-bet+ Eomes+ natural killer cells, T-bet+ Eomes− group 1 ILCs, GATA3+ group 2 ILCs, RORγt+ group 3 ILCs, and newly identified Id3+ regulatory ILC. ILCs are abundantly present in barrier tissues of the host (e.g., the lung, gut, and skin) at the interface of host–environment interactions. Active research has been conducted to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the development and function of ILCs. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor, best known to mediate the effects of xenobiotic environmental toxins and endogenous microbial and dietary metabolites. Here, we review recent progresses regarding Ahr function in ILCs. We focus on the Ahr-mediated cross talk between ILCs and other immune/non-immune cells in host tissues especially in the gut. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of the action of Ahr expression and activity in regulation of ILCs in immunity and inflammation, and the interaction between Ahr and other pathways/transcription factors in ILC development and function with their implication in disease.
IgE sensitization, respiratory allergy symptoms, and heritability independently increase the risk of otitis media with effusion

Background and aims: Epidemiological evidence examining the role of atopy and/or allergy in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME) is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess any increased risk for OME attributable to allergy‐related factors, in a well‐characterized population using a case‐control design and multivariate analysis.
P2Y12 antagonists in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: latest evidence and optimal use

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), which includes the combination of aspirin and a P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor, is a well-established antiplatelet regimen in the treatment of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Three P2Y12 inhibitor options (clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor) are currently available, all having different efficacy and safety profiles along with contrasting contraindications, special warnings and precautions for use. This review compares and contrasts the unique P2Y12 antagonists in the NSTE-ACS setting, covering the latest evidence and their optimal use.
Mixed-Initiative for Big Data: The Intersection of Human + Visual Analytics + Prediction

Existing surveys in visual analytics focus on the importance of the topic. However, many do not discuss the increasingly critical area of mixed-initiative systems. In this survey we discuss the importance of research in mixed-initiative systems and how it is different from visual analytics and other research fields. We present the conceptual architecture of a mixed-initiative visual analytics system (MIVAS) and the five key components that make up MIVASs (data wrangling, alternative discovery and comparison, parametric interaction, history tracking and exploration, and system agency and adaptation), which forms our main contribution. We compare and contrast different research that claims to be mixed-initiative against MIVASs and show how there is still a considerable amount of work that needs to be accomplished before any system can truly be mixed-initiative.
Estilos parentales percibidos, psicopatología y personalidad en la adolescencia

Esta investigacion se plantea con el objetivo de analizar la relacion entre los estilos educativos percibidos y la psicopatologia y la personalidad, tal y como se defi nen desde el modelo de Millon, en una muestra clinica de adolescentes. Participaron en el estudio 123 pacientes ambulatorios, de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 19 anos. Para obtener los datos de esta investigacion se ha utilizado, por una parte, la escala ESPA-29, Escala de Estilos de Socializacion en la Adolescencia (Musitu y Garcia, 2004), que permitio evaluar los estilos educativos percibidos y las dimensiones subyacentes a tales estilos; y, por otra parte, la escala MACI, Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (Millon, 1993), para la evaluacion de la psicopatologia y personalidad de los adolescentes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una relacion entre la baja aceptacion e implicacion parental y la depresion adolescente y entre el estilo autoritario y las alteraciones externalizantes.
Assessing English-Language Learners’ Achievement

Assessment of learners’ academic achievement in a second language presents important challenges to the fields of educational research and educational practice. Although these challenges legitimately concern learners’ familiarity with a second language, the challenges are more complex, particularly in the contexts of large-scale assessments that are intended to hold schools accountable for what students know and can do on the basis of their performance on assessments. This chapter presents a synopsis of major trends and issues in this regard involving large-scale assessment of English-language learner students (ELLs) in the United States in core achievement areas. These students are students from non-English backgrounds who are evaluated by schools as not knowing sufficient English to benefit fully from instruction in this language and who are eligible for receipt of educational support to acquire greater English proficiency. Although the precise numbers of these students in the U.S. population cannot be determined for reasons discussed in this chapter, they have been estimated to number approximately 4.5 million and to constitute about 8% of all students in the K–12 grade range; about 80% of these students are from a Spanish-speaking background (Zehler et al., 2003). After a discussion of research trends and issues in the main body of the chapter, the concluding portions of the chapter suggest development of an alternative foundation for assessments that provide more valid information about the learning capabilities and achievement of ELLs. This section also presents an example of how one might pursue enriched assessment of ELLs in the context of classroom activities concerned with acquisition of an important class of academic English skills. The focus is on assessment of ELLs in U.S. contexts, but the issues raised are pertinent to ELLs in broader international contexts and to learners assessed in second languages other than English. Attention to U.S. contexts, and in particular, the impact of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 on ELL assessment, highlights how in one country, the United States, policy-motivated attempts to strengthen assessment of
Principal modes of variability of Martian atmospheric surface pressure

An analysis of daily‐to‐interannual variability in the surface pressure field of the Martian nothern hemisphere as given by a Martian climate model is presented. In an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition, the dominant first two modes of variability comprise a zonal wavenumber 1 feature centered at 70 N latitude moving eastward with a period of 6 to 8 sols. This feature is a baroclinic wave and accounts for 53% of the northern hemisphere non‐stationary surface pressure variability, and, when active, has an amplitude of up to 2% of local surface pressure. The third mode of the EOF decomposition is annular about the Martian north pole, is null southward of 70 N, and accounts for 7% of the northern hemisphere non‐stationary surface pressure variability. The baroclinic wave (EOFs 1 & 2) is active during northern hemisphere winter and spring, consistent with models of the Martian atmospheric circulation, and the annular mode (EOF 3) is active only at the onset and demise of the baroclinic feature. When active, it is not uncommon for the annular mode to reside in either its positive or negative state stably for 20 to 30 sols. It is postulated that baroclinic waves with longitudinal wavenumber 2, 3, and 4 act as a pump for the annular mode. The annular mode should not be present in MGS TES data.
Word superiority in Chinese

I Department of Linguistics, University of Connecticut ! I 1 In a line of research that began with Cattell (1886). it has been demonstrated that words play a special role in the recognition of text. A letter string that forms a word is recognized faster and more accurately than a nonword string; a letter is recognized faster and more accurately if it is presented as part of a word than if it is presented alone or as part of nonword (e.g., Reicher, 1969; for a review, see Hender1 son, 1982). This constellation of findings, often referred to as "word superiority", suggests that the reader docs not simply process the text letter by letter, and that words are crucial. The letters in a word are processed so automatically that the reader is unaware of recognizing them, and when he is required to report a letter presented in a word, he finds it most efficient to infer the identity of the letter from that of the word.
Pediatric HIV-1–Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses Suggesting Ongoing Viral Replication Despite Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)–specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses are common in infected adults and usually exhibit rapid decay after combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). CTLs develop later in the first year of life, and the fate of HIV-1–specific responses in perinatally infected children after ART is less well described. HIV-1–specific CTL responses were measured in 17 perinatally infected children and adolescents (ages 3–20 y) receiving combination ART. Seven had prolonged viral suppression (<400 copies/mL) for 2.5–5.3 y and 10 had persistent viremia (median, 77,550 copies/mL). HIV-1–specific CTL responses were tested by interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays using 53 overlapping peptide pools spanning the entire HIV-1 proteome. HIV-1–specific CTL responses were detected in 14 of 17 individuals. Responses to one to four viral proteins were found in eight of 10 individuals with persistent viremia and six of seven with prolonged viral suppression. The magnitude and breadth of CTL responses were similar between groups. HIV-1–specific CTL responses were present in the majority of perinatally infected subjects, irrespective of viremia at evaluation. Because ART-treated infected adults usually have rapid decay of responses, these data suggest viral replication below the limits of detection is more persistent in combination ART-treated perinatally infected pediatric subjects. The long-term clinical implications of these findings remain to be determined.
Fine structure of the zeros of orthogonal polynomials III: Periodic recursion coefficients

We discuss asymptotics of the zeros of orthogonal polynomials on the real line and on the unit circle when the recursion coefficients are periodic. The zeros on or near the absolutely continuous spectrum have a clock structure with spacings inverse to the density of zeros. Zeros away from the a.c. spectrum have limit points mod p and only finitely many of them. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mixing and Matching: Assessing the Concomitants of Mixed-Ethnic Relationships

Does the self-esteem or relationship quality of those dating outside their ethnic group differ from those in a same-ethnic relationship? This study addresses this question, assessing personal (e.g., self-esteem and clarity) and relationship characteristics (commitment, satisfaction, realistic expectations, the level to which expectations were met, and partner preferences) with an emphasis on ethnic identity. We studied 131 undergraduates, 58 in same-ethnic heterosexual relationships (SERs) and 73 from mixed-ethnic heterosexual relationships (MERs). Counter to the assumptions of many lay people and scientists, we found no differences between the two groups. Ethnic identity was more predictive of relationship quality and commitment than was relationship composition (same versus mixed-ethnic). Furthermore, commitment was significantly associated with the extent to which expectations were met for members of MERs, but not for those in SERs. Results are discussed in the context of social psychological theories of group biases, impression formation, and prejudice, and consequences for the welfare of mixed-ethnic couples.
Dietary and Health Profiles of Spanish Women in Preconception, Pregnancy and Lactation

The nutritional status and lifestyle of women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation determine maternal, fetal and child health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate dietary patterns and lifestyles according the perinatal physiological status in a large sample of Spanish women. Community pharmacists that were previously trained to collect the data recruited 13,845 women. General information, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, unhealthy habits and dietary data were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Mean values and percentages were used as descriptive statistics. The t-test, ANOVA or chi-squared test were used to compare groups. A score that included dietary and behavioral characteristics was generated to compare lifestyles in the three physiological situations. The analysis revealed that diet quality should be improved in the three stages, but in a different manner. While women seeking a pregnancy only met dairy recommendations, those who were pregnant only fulfilled fresh fruits servings and lactating women only covered protein group requirements. In all cases, the consumption allowances of sausages, buns and pastries were exceeded. Food patterns and unhealthy behaviors of Spanish women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation should be improved, particularly in preconception. This information might be useful in order to implement educational programs for each population group.
Face Clustering in Videos with Proportion Prior

In this paper, we investigate the problem of face clustering in real-world videos. In many cases, the distribution of the face data is unbalanced. In movies or TV series videos, the leading casts appear quite often and the others appear much less. However, many clustering algorithms cannot well handle such severe unbalance between the data distribution, resulting in that the large class is split apart, and the small class is merged into the large ones and thus missing. On the other hand, the data distribution proportion information may be known beforehand. For example, we can obtain such information by counting the spoken lines of the characters in the script text. Hence, we propose to make use of the proportion prior to regularize the clustering. A Hidden Conditional Random Field (HCRF) model is presented to incorporate the proportion prior. In experiments on a public data set from real-world videos, we observe improvements on clustering performance against state-of-the-art methods.
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging: A New Tool in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer and Detection of Prostatic Calcification

Background Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a new MRI technique which has been proved very useful in the diagnosis of brain diseases, but few study was performed on its value in prostatic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of SWI in distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and detecting prostatic calcification. Methodology/Principal Findings 23 patients with prostate cancer and 53 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia proved by prostate biopsy were scanned on a 3.0T MR and a 16-row CT scanner. High-resolution SWI, conventional MRI and CT were performed on all patients. The MRI and CT findings, especially SWI, were analyzed and compared. The analyses revealed that 19 out of 23 patients with prostate cancer presented hemorrhage within tumor area on SWI. However, in 53 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, hemorrhage was detected only in 1 patient in prostate by SWI. When comparing SWI, conventional MRI and CT in detecting prostate cancer hemorrhage, out of the 19 patients with prostate cancer who had prostatic hemorrhage detected by SWI, the prostatic hemorrhage was detected in only 7 patients by using conventional MRI, and none was detected by CT. In addition, CT demonstrated calcifications in 22 patients which were all detected by SWI whereas only 3 were detected by conventional MRI. Compared to CT, SWI showed 100% in the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) in detecting calcifications in prostate but conventional MRI demonstrated 13.6% in sensitivity, 100% in specificity, 75% in accuracy, 100% in PPV and 74% in NPV. Conclusions More apparent prostate hemorrhages were detected on SWI than on conventional MRI or CT. SWI may provide valuable information for the differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia. Filtered phase images can identify prostatic calcifications as well as CT.
Beyond the Call of Duty: A Field Study of Extra-Role Behavior in Voluntary Organizations

The present study investigated factors influencing voluntary organization members' engaging in a specific extra-role behavior, participation in a telethon, on behalf of their organizations. Affective organizational commitment was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between intrinsic satisfaction and the voluntarism criterion, and organization purpose (service vs. non-service) and organization membership size were hypothesized to moderate the relationship between commitment and voluntarism. PROBIT regression analyses indicated that affective commitment explained the voluntarism effects of intrinsic satisfaction. The effect of commitment on voluntarism was found to occur only among service organizations. Although it did not moderate the effect of commitment, size was negatively related to voluntarism.
Tubal ligation and ovarian cancer risk in a large cohort: Substantial variation by histological type

Histopathological and molecular studies suggest that different histological subtypes (histotypes) of ovarian cancer have different aetiologies. Few studies have been large enough to explore reliably the effect of tubal ligation (sterilization), which has been associated with a reduced overall risk of ovarian cancer, on different tumour histotypes. In a prospective study of 1.1 million UK women without prior cancer or bilateral oophorectomy, 8,035 ovarian cancers occurred during mean follow‐up of 13.8 years. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we estimated adjusted relative risks of ovarian cancer associated with tubal ligation. Overall, there was substantial heterogeneity in tumour risk associated with tubal ligation for the four main histotypes, serous, endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell (heterogeneity: p < 0.0001). For serous tumours, the most common histotype (n = 3,515), risks differed significantly between high‐grade (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67–0.89) and low‐grade tumours (RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.89–1.42); heterogeneity: p = 0.007. Relative risks were almost halved for endometrioid (n = 690, RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.43–0.69) and clear cell tumours (n = 401, RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.77), but there was no association between tubal ligation and mucinous tumours (n = 836, RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.84–1.18). For the main tumour histotypes we found little variation of risk by timing of tubal ligation. The significant differences by tumour histotype are unlikely to be due to confounding and are consistent with hypotheses that high‐grade and low‐grade serous tumours have different origins, and that some endometrioid and clear cell tumours might arise from cells and/or carcinogens travelling through the fallopian tubes.
Estonian preschool teachers' aspirations for curricular autonomy – the gap between an ideal and professional practice

Establishing national framework curricula is a growing tendency in early childhood education internationally, and is considered to be part of the regulatory requirements framework for enhancing preschool teachers' professionalism. A topical issue in this context is whether and how teachers themselves see these practices as contributing to their professionalism and professional autonomy. We explored preschool teachers' views and expectations as developers and users of the Estonian national curriculum and preschool institutions' curriculum documents. Three hundred and forty-seven teachers across Estonia participated in the study. Data were gathered using semi-structured questionnaires. The findings revealed contradictions in the ways in which the new curriculum practices have contributed to the preschool teachers' professionalism. The respondents' views were contradictory in at least two aspects. First, teachers preferred to have a lot of curricular autonomy in general terms, but when it came to more specific aims, methods and content of education, they preferred to have specific guidelines. Secondly, although teachers preferred a curriculum compiled by internal practitioners rather than by external experts, they expressed a great deal of satisfaction with the current national curriculum compiled by external experts.
Electro-Thermal Response of 2G HTS Coated Conductors Subjected to Current Pulses

Triangular-shaped current pulses were used to obtain the electrical characteristics ( E-I curves) of second-generation high-temperature superconductor coated conductors above their critical current. The dependence of these E-I curves on magnetic field was also characterized (up to 150 mT). Current pulses with rising rates of hundreds of amperes per millisecond were used to minimize the heat generated in the samples. When a transverse magnetic field is applied before the current pulse, an inductive voltage is measured during the rise of the current, whose origin is explained by the presence of an asymmetric flux profile in the high-temperature superconductor layer. Results from finite-elements calculations based on a force-displacement model of the flux lines reproduced this inductive voltage, as well as the rise in samples temperature.