Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERSECTORAL TECHNOLOGY FLOWS. METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND EMPIRICAL APPLICATIONS

This paper presents a critical survey of the various methodologies dealing with intersectoral flows of technology. Firstly, we present the indirect methods based on the Input-Output tables which are employed for the study of embodied technology transfer, with an application to Italy for the year 1982. Secondly, we sketch a formalization of Scherer's direct methodology. This is the most ambitious study of the intersectoral flows of innovations based upon an exstensive survey of the origin and use of patented innovations: strengths and weaknesses of such approach are outlined and the main empirical results are presented. Finally, we give some indications for merging the two methodologies in a more comprehensive approach, in accordance to the present understanding of the reality of the process of innovation diffusion.
The Effects of Relational Benefits On Customers' Perception of Favorable Inequity, Affective Commitment, and Repurchase Intention in Full-Service Restaurants

The purpose of this study is to investigate how relational benefits (including confidence benefits, social benefits, and special treatment benefits) affect customers' perceptions of favorable inequity and affective commitment, and thus ultimately affect customer retention. The study first develops and presents a conceptual model of the relationships that exist between the constructs of “relational benefits,” “favorable inequity,” “affective commitment,” and “repurchase intention. ” This model is then empirically tested using 411 sample long-term customers of full-service restaurants. The results indicate that relational benefits trigger customers' perceptions of being favorably treated and that these perceptions, in turn, induce customers to form an affective commitment and repurchase intention with respect to particular restaurants. The study confirms the strategic importance of relational benefits in fostering relationships with long-term customers in the context of full-service restaurants.
Cross-country evidence on the link between inflation volatility and growth

It is generally accepted that short-run monetary (mis)management, as reflected in inflation volatility, affects the long-run growth rate of the economy. This proposition is tested for a cross-section sample of 78 countries over the period 1965-85. The evidence suggests that, after controlling for other country-specific growth correlates, high inflation volatility is associated with lower mean growth. Inflation volatility was also found to have a negative effect on the productivity of investment, but does not appear to affect the share of investment of GDP. These results are also robust to an alternative data set that extends the sample period to 1994.
Monounsaturated fatty acids-rich diets in hypercholesterolemic-growing rats

Abstract The effects of replacing dietary saturated fat by different monounsaturated fatty acid (ω-9MUFA) sources on serum lipids, body fat and bone in growing hypercholesterolemic rats were studied. Rats received one of the six different diets: AIN-93G (control, C); extra virgin olive oil (OO) + C; high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) + C or atherogenic diet (AT) for 8 weeks; the remaining two groups received AT for 3 weeks and then, the saturated fat was replaced by an oil mixture of soybean oil added with OO or HOSO for 5 weeks. Rats consuming MUFA-rich diets showed the highest body fat, hepatic index and epididymal, intestinal and perirenal fat, and triglycerides. T-chol and non-HDL-chol were increased in HOSO rats but decreased in OO rats. Bone mineral content and density were higher in both OO and HOSO groups than in AT rats. This study casts caution to the generalization of the benefits of MUFA for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
A Data-Analytic Look at Skewness and Elongation in Common-Stock-Return Distributions

This article explores the nature of skewness and elongation in daily common-stock-return distributions of individual firms using estimates of g (for skewness) and h (for elongation) obtained form Turkey's g and h distributions. Both parametric and nonparametric (bootstrap) estimates of standard errors of the g estimates are computed and compared. Daily return distributions are first examined cross-sectionally over a large sample of firms. The estimates of the skewness parameter exhibit variation across individual firms, but some general trends are evident across industry groups and firm sizes. Return distributions typically seem to be more elongated than the Gaussian distribution. From a time series perspective, both skewness and elongation are persistent in the return distributions of individual firms and vary over a finite range. First-order autocorrelation coefficients of monthly g and h estimates are large and suggest a certain degree of predictability.
Induction of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in organophosphorous pesticide manufacturing workers

Oxidative stress status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were studied in blood samples obtained from 45 organophosphorous (OP)-formulating pesticide workers with a minimum work history of 1 year in the age range of 23–55. Controls were age-matched workers of a food-making factory. They were evaluated for oxidative stress markers, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) indicator of lipid peroxidation (LPO), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) indicator of total anti-oxidant capacity, total thiol (SH) groups and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels in blood and AChE activity in erythrocytes. The results show marked inhibition of AChE activity, increased TBARS, decreased FRAP and decreased thiol group levels in workers. The reduction in activity of AChE correlated well with increased TBARS and decreased FRAP in OP formulators. It is concluded that OP-formulating workers are exposed to more oxidative stress. The measurement of erythrocyte AChE activity in pesticide workers who formulate OPs can be a good monitoring factor and is recommended to be performed in a regular manner.
Wide Range, Process and Temperature Compensated Voltage Controlled Current Source

This paper presents a wide range, voltage controlled-current source circuit that is optimized to compensate for both process and temperature variations. Compensation for process variations is realized by cancellation of the threshold voltage variations. Temperature compensation is applied by the use of a poly resistor. Ninety samples from 3 different chips of the same wafer run were measured, and for the nominal value of 25 nA, current sources have a standard deviation of 1.22% (4.8 × improvement over an uncompensated current reference). The simulated standard deviation is 8%, resulting a simulated improvement factor of 8×, when samples from different wafer runs are to be measured. Measured temperature drift is 250 ppm/°C for a temperature range of 0-80°C. For the mentioned performance, the circuit consists of only 7 components occupying an area of 64 μm × 91 μm, using AMS 0.35 μm, 5 V CMOS process technology. The new current source is used to mimic the behavior of an infrared detector, which creates current in the range of 1-50 nA. A modified version of proposed current source is also designed with no off-chip bias voltages, and has a temperature coefficient of 57 ppm°C for 9 nA with an acceptable process compensation.
A River Runs Through It: A Multiple Streams Meta‐Review

This study uses content analysis of recent Multiple Streams Approach (MSA) research to determine the scope of MSA applications, examining the consistency, and coherence with which concepts of MSA are applied. Our analysis examines peer-reviewed articles testing MSA concepts available in English published from 2000 through 2013 (N = 311). Among other findings, we observe that MSA is applied to study 65 different countries, at multiple levels of governance, across 22 different policy areas, and by researchers spanning the globe. Our findings suggest that while MSA is prolific, consistency across applications—in terms of operationalization of MSA core concepts—is needed to facilitate theoretical development of the approach.
Visual long-term memory for spatial frequency?

It has been suggested that a visual long-term memory based on a sensory representation of the stimulus accounts for discrimination performance when the reference and the test stimuli are separated in time. Decision processes involved in setting response criteria, however, may also contribute to discrimination performance. In the present study, it is shown that under proper control, spatial frequency discrimination thresholds from a group of observers, each performing on a single trial, are significantly higher for a 2-h than for a 5-sec retention interval, whereas thresholds from individual observers performing in repeated trials with a 2-h retention interval are considerably lower. The results suggest that discrimination performance may depend on the retention of task-relevant information, such as a response criterion, rather than on visual memory of the stimulus. It is concluded that it is risky to postulate ahigh-fidelity long-term visual memory for spatial frequency on the basis of psychophysical group discrimination thresholds.
STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL ISSUES

The purpose of this study was to determine agricultural education undergraduates’ knowledge and attitudes about international agricultural issues. A proportional stratified sample of 293 students responded to the study. Only 5% achieved a passing score in the knowledge assessment about agricultural policies, products, peoples, and cultures. More than 40% of the respondents cited watching international news stories on television as the source used most often to develop their attitudes about international agricultural issues. Least identified sources included actual participation in a Work Experience Abroad program or International Foreign Youth Exchange. Respondents’ believed more strongly that they could learn about international agricultural issues by taking vacations to other countries or by watching selected television programs than they could by interacting with international agricultural exchange students. Despite a media deluge of daily global events, the results of this study showed that students do not concern themselves with learning more about international policies, products, peoples, and cultures. The results support earlier research (RoperASW, 2002) where it was found that most U.S. 18-24 year olds lacked understanding of global events. This lack of understanding may stem from a disconnection between “real world” events and the topics discussed in agricultural curricula. More effort needs to take place in teaching students how global events may impact agricultural practices worldwide. One recommendation for increasing students’ knowledge about international agricultural policies, products, peoples, and cultures is through increased experiential learning via out-of-country learning situations.
Women and the Economics of Family Migration

N OTWITHSTANDING this early statement by Ravenstein (1885, p. 196), the separate study of geographic mobility among women has been virtually ignored by students of migration. ' The reason is obvious: women are assumed to migrate because their husbands do.2 While it is undoubtedly true that most migration involves family units (the migration of husband and wife occurring jointly), the possibility that the wife's welfare is considered in the family's decision to migrate should not be ruled out. It is at least desirable to test the hypothesis that the wife's employment is considered in the migration decision and to examine the effect of that decision on women's earnings. In this paper an economic model is developed to explain the family's decision to migrate and the effect of migration on the labor market earnings of men and women. It is based on the tenet that family utility, defined operationally as the husband's and wife's labor market earnings and leisure, is maximized. The model suggests that the wife's labor market involvement is a significant consideration in a (husband-wife) family's decision to migrate. The data from the National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) are well suited for empirical testing of this model.3 The surveys provide the opportunity to examine the change in labor market earnings of families and individuals over a five-year period. Availability of data on migratory status as well as on other personal characteristics of women and their families permits the direct testing of the model. In section I a family utility maximization model is used to derive implications with regard to the probability of migration by the family and the effect of migration on individual and family earnings. These implications are tested in section II using multiple regression analysis and the NLS data for white women who were 35 to 49 years of age in 1972. The implications of the empirical estimates for the economic welfare of women and for interpreting the observed earnings distribution are discussed in section III.
Human Inflammatory Cells Within the Tumor Microenvironment of Lung Tumor Xenografts Mediate Tumor Growth Suppression in Situ that Depends on and Is Augmented by Interleukin-12

The human tumor microenvironment includes a mixture of tumor cells, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, all of which are tethered to an extracellular matrix. It has been difficult to study the dynamic interactions of these cells in human tumors in situ for obvious ethical and logistical considerations that prohibit experimental manipulations of tumors while still in patients. Fresh tissue from human lung tumor biopsy implanted into SCID mice was shown to remain viable, and the histologic appearance of the tumor microenvironment was maintained in the tumor xenografts for at least 3 months. In this study, the authors established that the inflammatory cells within human tumor xenografts can suppress tumor growth, and that this suppression is a result, in part, of endogenously produced interleukin-12 (IL-12) because IL-12 neutralizing antibodies enhance the growth of the tumor xenografts. The tumor-inhibitory activity of the inflammatory leukocytes is also enhanced by the local and sustained release of human recombinant IL-12 into the tumor microenvironment from cytokine-loaded biodegradable microspheres. Neither the anti–IL-12 neutralizing antibody nor the delivery of exogenous IL-12 from microspheres had any effect on tumor xenografts in the absence of the inflammatory leukocytes. In conclusion, the inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment of human lung tumor xenografts are functional and can suppress tumor growth, and the dynamic effects of the inflammatory cells can be modulated by exogenous cytokines.
Quantitative Teaching in Economics through Effective Utilization of Learning Resources in Senior Secondary Schools in Shomolu Lga of Lagos State

This study investigated quantitative teaching in economics through effective utilization of learning resources in the secondary schools in Shomolu LGA of Lagos state. The analysis was carried out among 240 economics teachers. A validated questionnaire constructed for data collection by the researcher formed the main instrument for the study. The arithmetic mean, Standard Deviation, and ranking were used for data statistical analysis. The findings of the study point to the fact that teachers made use of available resources and most of available economics resources’ were not adequate for use by the teachers, and the teachers seem to lack the knowledge in selection and utilization of these resources. Based on the findings, it was recommended that devices like the audio-visual should be encourage and used by all teachers in order to add value to the practices of technology in the classroom, and Workshops and seminars may be organized to educate teachers on ways to improve and effective utilization of economics learning resources for implementation of secondary school curriculum to achieve the desire goals in Lagos state. Keywords: Quantitative Teaching, Economics, Learning Resources, Senior Secondary Schools
Nondiscrimination Rules and the Distribution of Fringe Benefits

This article considers the impact of nondiscrimination (ND) rules in the federal tax code. Nondiscrimination rules limit within‐firm inequality in the provision on nonwage benefits, but they place no corresponding limit on within‐firm inequality in wages. Firms can skirt ND rules by moving workers with unusual benefits into part‐time and seasonal positions because workers in such positions are excluded from some ND compliance calculations. We examine these issues empirically and find relationships consistent with the hypothesis that ND rules provide a binding constrain on within‐firms benefits inequality.
THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS ON TURKISH MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES

Ekonomik olarak gelismis ulkelerin para politikalarindaki degisiklikler sadece bu ulkelerin reel makro ekonomik degiskenlerini degil ayni zamanda effektif talep dissalliklari yoluyla onlarla ekonomik ve finansal anlamda entegre olan diger ulkelerin reel makro degiskenlerine etki etmektedir. Bu calisma ampirik olarak Amerika ve Almanya gibi ekonomik anlamda buyuk ulkelerin uygulamis olduklari tight(siki) para politikalarinin Turkiye gibi kucuk ulkelerin finansal piyasalarini ve reel ciktilarini negatif yonde etkiledigini ortaya koymaktadir.
Environmental Assessment of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Processes

The environmental assessment of nanomanufacturing during the initial process design phase should lead to the development of competitive, safe, and environmentally responsible engineering and commercialization. Given the potential benefits and concerns regarding the use of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), three SWNT production processes have been investigated to assess their associated environmental impacts. These processes include arc ablation (arc), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and high‐pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco). Without consideration of the currently unknown impacts of SWNT dispersion or other health impacts, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is used to analyze the environmental impact and provide a baseline for the environmental footprint of each manufacturing process. Although the technical attributes of the product resulting from each process may not be fully comparable, this study presents comparisons that show that the life cycle impacts are dominated by energy, specifically the electricity used in production. Under base case yield conditions, HiPco shows the lowest environmental impact, while the arc process has the lowest impact under best case yield conditions.
Framing Effects in Stock Market Forecasts: The Difference between Asking for Prices and Asking for Returns

In this study, we analyze whether individual expectations of stock returns are influenced by the specific elicitation mode (i.e. whether forecasters have to state future price levels or directly future returns). We thus examine whether there are framing effects in stock market forecasts. We present questionnaire responses of about 250 students from two German universities. Participants were asked to state median forecasts as well as confidence intervals for seven stock market time series. Using a between subject design, one half of the subjects was asked to state future price levels, the other group was directly asked for returns. The main results of our study can be summarized as follows. There is a highly significant framing effect. For upward sloping time series, the return forecasts given by investors who are asked directly for returns are significantly higher than those stated by investors who are asked for prices. For downward sloping time series, the return forecasts given by investors who are asked directly for returns are significantly lower than those stated by investors who are asked for prices. Furthermore, our data shows that subjects underestimate the volatility of stock returns, indicating overconfidence. As a new insight, we find that the strength of the overconfidence effect in stock market forecasts is highly significantly affected by the fact whether subjects provide price or return forecasts. Volatility estimates are lower (and the overconfidence bias is thus stronger) when subjects are asked for returns compared to price forecasts. Moreover, we find that financial education improves answers of subjects. The observed framing effect and the overconfidence bias are less pronounced for subjects with higher financial education.
Benefit Segmentation of the Near-Home Tourism Market: The Case of Upper New York State

Abstract A benefit segmentation study was carried out of a near-home tourism market with data collected from residents of the Upper New York State Region. On the basis of benefits sought, five segments were identified. These segments were called Intangible amenities, Active materialists, Entertainment and comfort, Cultured materialists and Entertainment and shopping. Demographics, life-style, usage of sources of travel information and frequency of travel are used to describe the five benefit segments. The managerial implications of the study are also discussed.
Changes in rat ventral caudal nerve conduction velocity during cold exposure.

PETAJAN, JACK H. Changes in rat w&-al cuudal nem conduction &city during cold exposm. Am. J. Physiol. 214(l): 130-132. 1968. -Conduction velocity of the ventral caudal nerve was determined in vivo in two groups of rats previously adapted to 2 and 5 C, respectively, Study of the relation between conduction velocity and tail temperature discloses a decrease in velocity most noticeable at lvarmer temperatures, above 20 C, as has been previously reported. However, continued exposure of the animals to cold results in recovery of nerve function to the normal state. It is suggested that impairment in function and subsequent recovery are part of the adaptation process.
Analysis of swath bathymetry sonar accuracy

The practical limitations of many bottom mapping sonars lie in their ability to accurately estimate the angle of arrival. This paper addresses the accuracy of angle estimation when employed to determine the location of an extended target such as the bottom. A Gaussian model is assumed for the bottom backscatter and the corresponding Cramer-Rao lower bound for the variance of the angle estimate is determined for multi-element linear arrays. The paper focuses on determining the performance of high-resolution swath bathymetry sonars and, therefore, concentrates on the ability to determine bottom location with short pulses. Two error mechanisms, footprint shift and uncorrelated noise, are identified as important contributors to measurement errors. The two-element interferometric sonar configuration is investigated in detail. It is shown through the use of probability distributions, the Cramer-Rao bound, and simulation that it is difficult to get a good estimate of performance through simulation alone. Performance enhancement through pre-estimation and post-estimation averaging of multiple snapshots and changes in performance with pulse length and pulse rise time are also considered. Bottom estimation performance employing multi-element arrays is compared and contrasted with that of the two-element interferometric array. It is determined that there is little benefit associated with the multi-element array in terms of angle estimation performance alone. However, when other considerations such as angle ambiguities, multiple angles of arrival, and physical shortcomings associated with practical arrays are taken into account, the multi-element array is favored.