Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using collaborative technology to enhance pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in Science

Background: Supporting pre-service teacher (PT) collaboration as a means of professional learning is a challenging but essential task for effective practice. However, teacher placements or practicums in schools, which is common practice within teacher education programmes, can often isolate PTs from sharing their experiences with each other. Further, the articulation of effective pedagogical practices by high-quality teachers is limited, restricting PTs’ ability to access such professional knowledge. Purpose: This study investigates how the introduction of a collaborative technology, a wiki, may enhance existing and new opportunities for pre-service teachers’ (PTs) to develop pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Sample: Seven PT chemistry teachers of varied backgrounds participated in this study. Design and method: The PTs were learning to collaboratively formulate and document their early topic-specific teaching knowledge using a pedagogical tool known as Content Representation (CoRe) design. Once scaffolded into this process, the PTs continued and extended this collaborative work online through the introduction of a wiki. Data were collected for qualitative analysis through the CoRe artefacts, a semi-structured focus group interview, and PTs’ reflective essays about their collaborative experiences representing their teaching knowledge in CoRes through the wiki. Results: Data analysis highlighted that while wiki use showed some potential for collaborative representation when participants were not face-to-face, the PTs were hesitant in critiquing each other’s work. As such, the online representations remained relatively static without face-to-face interaction. However, developing artefacts online was favoured over established practice and the access to artefacts of their peers on the wiki enhanced PTs’ consideration for their own PCK. Conclusion: Wikis show some potential in the hosting of CoRes, but issues in simultaneous posting and lack of chat functionality may hinder PTs’ ability to easily critique each others’ work. However, the PTs in this study also demonstrated a broader unwillingness to critique each other’s CoRes that teacher educators need to challenge. The use of technology to support PTs’ CoRes and critiquing warrants further research.
Inteligência, habilidades sociais e expectativas acadêmicas no desempenho de estudantes universitários

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as correlacoes entre inteligencia, habilidades sociais e expectativas academicas e seus impactos no desempenho academico de estudantes universitarios matriculados nos primeiro e segundo periodos de cursos universitarios. A amostra foi composta de 196 estudantes, sendo 156 mulheres e 40 homens com idade entre 17 e 59 anos. Foram utilizados os testes de Raciocinio Abstrato (RA) da Bateria BPR-5; o Inventario de Habilidades Sociais (IHS-Del-Prette) e o Questionario de Envolvimento Academico - versao expectativas (QEA). Os resultados identificaram correlacao entre habilidades sociais, expectativas academicas e desempenho academico. No entanto, a inteligencia nao se correlacionou nem com desempenho academico nem com habilidades sociais.
Ikasi style and the quiet violence of dreams: a critique of youth belonging in post-Apartheid South Africa

Drawing on empirical data from two recent research studies in post-Apartheid South Africa, this paper asks what it means to be poor, young and black, and belong in a society that has suffered debilitating and dehumanising racial subjugation, actively excluding people from citizenship, and how poverty serves to perpetuate this exclusion. It examines the notions of citizenship and belonging and asks what are the meanings and markers of both in a country like South Africa. It focuses on alternative modes of belonging adopted by young people – in this case dreaming and adopting what they term ikasi style. The paper then shows how structural and symbolic violence are complicit in silencing the dreams and aspirations of poor youth, before expanding Ramphele and Brown's notion of ‘woundedness’ to consider its implications for citizenship and belonging. It concludes with modest recommendations regarding how this state of affairs might be redressed within educational and policy contexts.
Total Variation Regularization for fMRI-Based Prediction of Behavior

While medical imaging typically provides massive amounts of data, the extraction of relevant information for predictive diagnosis remains a difficult challenge. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, that provide an indirect measure of task-related or spontaneous neuronal activity, are classically analyzed in a mass-univariate procedure yielding statistical parametric maps. This analysis framework disregards some important principles of brain organization: population coding, distributed and overlapping representations. Multivariate pattern analysis, i.e., the prediction of behavioral variables from brain activation patterns better captures this structure. To cope with the high dimensionality of the data, the learning method has to be regularized. However, the spatial structure of the image is not taken into account in standard regularization methods, so that the extracted features are often hard to interpret. More informative and interpretable results can be obtained with the ℓ1 norm of the image gradient, also known as its total variation (TV), as regularization. We apply for the first time this method to fMRI data, and show that TV regularization is well suited to the purpose of brain mapping while being a powerful tool for brain decoding. Moreover, this article presents the first use of TV regularization for classification.
A Model for Evaluating Journalist Resistance to Business Constraints

Should journalists resist business constraints they perceive as a threat to their professional integrity? This article suggests that the answer, at least sometimes, is yes. But in choosing a resistance strategy, journalists should not consider the "take this job and shove it" stance as the only option with moral integrity-or even as the best ethical option. This article develops a model of resistance strategies using the experiences of journalists at one newspaper to illustrate the range of options available for resisting business constraints within a news organization. The types of strategies identified vary along the ethical dimensions of (a) consideration of organizational, as well as professional, goals; and (b) openness with regard to journalists' preference for professional goals.
Critical functions of RhoB in support of glioblastoma tumorigenesis.

BACKGROUND RhoB is a member of the Rho small GTPase family that regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and vesicle trafficking. The RhoB homologs, RhoA and RhoC, have been shown to promote cancer progression and metastasis. In contrast, the functions of RhoB in human cancers are context dependent. Although expression of RhoB inversely correlates with disease progression in several epithelial cancers, recent data suggest that RhoB may support malignant phenotypes in certain cancer types. METHODS We assessed RhoB protein levels in glioma surgical specimens and patient-derived xenografts. The roles of RhoB in glioblastoma were determined by loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. The impact on p53 and STAT3 signaling was investigated. RESULTS RhoB expression was similar in tumor specimens compared with normal neural tissues obtained from epilepsy surgery. RhoB was expressed in the vast majority of xenograft tumors and spheroid cultures. Knockdown of RhoB induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and compromised in vivo tumorigenic potential. However, overexpression of wild-type RhoB or a constitutively active mutant (RhoB-V14) did not significantly affect cell growth, which suggests that RhoB is not a rate-limiting oncogenic factor and is consistent with the scarcity of RhoB mutations in human cancer. Knockdown of RhoB reduced basal STAT3 activity and impaired cytokine-induced STAT3 activation. In glioblastoma tumors retaining wild-type p53, depletion of RhoB also activated p53 and induced expression of p21(CIP1) (/WAF1). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that RhoB belongs to an emerging class of "nononcogene addiction" factors that are essential for maintenance of malignant phenotypes in human cancers.
Conditional Random Fields Feature Subset Selection Based on Genetic Algorithms for Phosphorylation Site Prediction

Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) are undirected probabilistic graphical models that were introduced for solving sequence labeling and segmenting problems. CRFs have several advantages compared to other well understood and widely used techniques such as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) or Maximum Entropy Markov Models (MEMMs). Being a conditional model, it does not explicitly model the input data sequences but uses feature functions (features) to incorporate the arbitrary interactions and inter-dependencies that exist in the observation sequences. The number of all possible features is extremely large, up to millions, and is usually specified and designed in advance or according to a feature-generating scheme based on domain knowledge. This paper introduces a feature subset selection method for CRFs based on genetic algorithms, in which a population of candidate feature function subsets is evolved to achieve a maximal CRF performance. The method was experimentally validated on the well known bioinformatics problem of protein phosphorylation site prediction, phosphorylation being one of the most important protein modification mechanisms.
Differences in the Marriage Role Expectations of College Students from Intact and Divorced Families

The differences in marriage role expectations between college students of divorced and intact families were investigated using the Marriage Role Expectation Inventory (MREI). The MREI (Dunn and DeBonis, 1979) measures desires for traditional versus companionship style of marital relationships. It was hypothesized that those participants from divorced families would expect a more companionship oriented marriage role while those from intact families would expect a more traditional marriage role. Participants included 100 male and female students enrolled in introductory courses at Loyola University in New Orleans. Significant gender by marital status interactions were found in total MREI scores, as well as all eight MREI subscores. Males with married parents were more companionship oriented than males with divorced parents. On the other hand, females with divorced parents were more companionship oriented, while females with married parents were more traditional oriented in their marriage role expectations.
A conceptual foundation for organizational information security awareness

The current approaches in terms of information security awareness and education are descriptive (i.e. they are not accomplishment‐oriented nor do they recognize the factual/normative dualism); and current research has not explored the possibilities offered by motivation/behavioural theories. The first situation, level of descriptiveness, is deemed to be questionable because it may prove eventually that end‐users fail to internalize target goals and do not follow security guidelines, for example – which is inadequate. Moreover, the role of motivation in the area of information security is not considered seriously enough, even though its role has been widely recognised. To tackle such weaknesses, this paper constructs a conceptual foundation for information systems/organizational security awareness. The normative and prescriptive nature of end‐user guidelines will be considered. In order to understand human behaviour, the behavioural science framework, consisting in intrinsic motivation, a theory of planned behaviour and a technology acceptance model, will be depicted and applied. Current approaches (such as the campaign) in the area of information security awareness and education will be analysed from the viewpoint of the theoretical framework, resulting in information on their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, a novel persuasion strategy aimed at increasing users’ commitment to security guidelines is presented.
HOW CULTURAL VALUES AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LITERATURE

Recently there has been a burgeoning empirical literature analysing how culture affects economic development. This field of research is currently developing further at the border between growth theory and institutional economics. This paper summarizes, and gives a detailed criticism of, this literature. Following the two major routes suggested by the critiques, the author proposes a possible path for further progress in the field.
Composition Distribution and Electrochemical Behavior of an Ni2Al3 Coating on Q235 Steel

An Ni2Al3 coating was prepared via the electrodeposition of nickel followed by pack aluminization. Polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed to study the room temperature corrosion behavior of the coating in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The long-term impedance of the coating was also investigated after immersion for 30 days. Results show that the Ni2Al3 coating possessed lower corrosion current density (Icorr) and higher polarization resistance (Rp) than the substrate in the solution. The Bode plots of the coating showed two time constants after the long-term immersion. Pitting corrosion was found on the coating surface.
Reversal complexity of counter machines

It has long been known that deterministic 1-way counter machines recognize exactly all r.e. sets. Here we investigate counter machines with general recursive bounds on counter reversals. Our main result is that for bounds which are at least linear, counter reversal is polynomially related to Turing machine time, for both 1-way and 2-way counter machines and in both the deterministic and the nondeterministic cases. This leads to natural characterizations of the classes P and NP, and hence of the P &equil;? NP question, on the counter machine model. We also establish reversal complexity hierarchies for counter machines, using a variety of techniques which include translation of Turing machine time hierarchies, padding arguments as well as more ad hoc counting arguments.
REPORT OF PROGRESS IN DEVELOPING A MENTAL HYGIENE COMPONENT OF A CITY HEALTH DISTRICT

1. Progress in attaining the objectives of a mental hygiene component in a city health district is reported. 2. The 1933 survey indicates that 25 per cent of all psychotics in the district are not hospitalized. 3. Personality disorder of varying severity but sufficient to attract attention by the community is present in about two per cent of the population. 4. Methods of prophylactic work in connection with a well baby clinic of a city health department are outlined. 5. The properly educated public health nurse can be an excellent agent for the dissemination of knowledge of mental hygiene principles.
Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/snail signaling pathway contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition-induced multi-drug resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Sorafenib, an orally available kinase inhibitor, is the standard first-line systemic drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it exerts potent inhibitory activity against epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR) by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in HCC. However, after long-term exposure to sorafenib, HCC cells exhibit EMT and resistance to sorafenib. The activation of AKT by sorafenib is thought to be responsible for the development of these characteristics. The present study aims to examine the underlying mechanism and seek potential strategies to reverse this resistance and the progression to EMT. Sorafenib-resistant cells showed increased metastatic and invasive ability, with a higher expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), compared with the parental cells. This phenomenon was at least partially due to EMT and the appearance of MDR in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Moreover, MDR was a downstream molecular event of EMT. Silencing Snail with siRNA blocked EMT and partially reversed the MDR, thereby markedly abolishing invasion and metastasis in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, but silencing of MDR1 had no effect on the EMT phenotype. Additionally, HCC parental cells that were stably transfected with pCDNA3.1-Snail exhibited EMT and MDR. Two sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, established from human HCC HepG2 and Huh7 cells, were refractory to sorafenib-induced growth inhibition but were sensitive to MK-2206, a novel allosteric AKT inhibitor. Thus, the combination of sorafenib and MK-2206 led to significant reversion of the EMT phenotype and P-gp-mediated MDR by downregulating phosphorylated AKT. These findings underscore the significance of EMT, MDR and enhanced PI3K/AKT signaling in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells.
Arterial Pressure-Based Stroke Volume and Functional Hemodynamic Monitoring

Arterial pressure-based methods are less-invasive methods used to measure stroke volume and to predict fluid responsiveness. An understanding of the assumptions of the measurements and clinical factors that affect their accuracy and ability to predict fluid responsiveness is imperative when deciding when and how to use these new technologies. Frequently asked questions about these technologies and the data provided are addressed.
Patient-clinician information engagement improves adherence to colorectal cancer surveillance after curative treatment: results from a longitudinal study.

Introduction. Follow-up surveillance after curative treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is recommended to detect early cancer recurrences and improve survival outcomes. However, a substantial proportion of CRC patients do not undergo cancer surveillance. Several demographic and disease-related factors have been associated with cancer surveillance adherence. Thus far, patient-centered communication has not been studied as a determinant for undergoing cancer surveillance. The purpose of this study is to determine whether patient-clinician information engagement (PCIE) influences patients' self-reported adherence to recommended CRC surveillance procedures. Methods. The study was a longitudinal survey among Pennsylvanian patients diagnosed with CRC in 2005. CRC patients who were eligible for surveillance and participated in both the baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys were included in this analysis (n = 305). The main outcome measure was self-reported adherence to physical examination, carcinoembryonic antigen testing, and colonoscopy according to recommended guidelines. Results. Controlling for potential confounders, higher PCIE at baseline predicted a higher odds for CRC patients reporting adherence to recommended surveillance 1 year later by 2.8 times. Other significant predictors of adhering to recommended surveillance were a higher education level and having received systemic therapy. Discussion. In this longitudinal study among CRC patients who received curative treatment, greater patient engagement with clinicians about cancer-related information was found to improve patients' subsequent adherence to recommended surveillance. This finding provides support for encouraging greater patient-physician communication among CRC patients.
Vision With Action: Developing Sensitivity to Societal Concerns in Gifted Youth

At the 2006 National Association of Gifted Children Conference, a panel presentation addressed the importance of providing gifted children with opportunities to take positive social action through service-learning; this article is a result of that discussion. The Future Problem Solving Program (among others) has a community problem-solving component to help instill the habits of responding to community needs in socially constructive ways. A service-learning project conducted by secondary gifted students is discussed. The highest level of service-learning is an effective curriculum for gifted students that exposes them to community problems and encourages them to solve those problems creatively. Through service-learning, gifted youth have opportunities to expand their global awareness, practice skills of positive action, and make real their vision of a better future.
Pidgin and Creole Linguistics

". deserves a place on the bookshelves of everyone interested in creolization, grammaticalization, or contact-induced language change. It offers new insights and many fascinating problems concerning both the nature of grammaticalization and the grammaticalization-related mechanisms of creolization. The volume is remarkable also in two other respects, namely its low price and the wonderful front and back illustrations. This book can indeed be judged by its cover. " Ingo Plag, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Studies 14:207. ". a very useful reference work and source for comparative data (.) it leads its readers to develop new and broader views on the fascinating phenomenon of grammaticalization; (iii) this volume is a significant contribution to the study of this process and its implications. " Marlyse Baptista, Carrier Pidgin 26:22. "Both the importance of its topic and the high quality of the articles make this collection recommendanble for creolists, historical linguists and variationists. Baker & Syea deserves a place on the bookshelves of everyone interested in creolization, grammaticalization or contact-induced language change. It offers new insights on many fascinating problems concerning both the nature of grammaticalization and the grammaticalization-related mechanisms of creolization. The volume is remarkable also is two other aspects, namely its low price and the wonderful front and back illustrations. This book can indeed be judged by its cover. " Ingo Plag, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages.
Characterization of the Hox gene cluster in the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae

SUMMARY The Hox genes play a central role in regulating development and are involved in the specification of cell fates along the anteroposterior axis. In insects and vertebrates, these genes are clustered and organized in an arrangement that is largely conserved across evolutionary lineages. By exploiting the sequence conservation of the homeobox, orthologues of the Hox genes Sex combs reduced (Scr ), fushi tarazu (ftz ), Antennapedia (Antp), Ultrabithorax (Ubx ), and abdominal‐A (abd‐A) have been isolated from the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. These genes were first identified in Drosophila, where they achieve a high level of functional complexity, in part, by the use of alternative promoters, polyadenylation sites, and splicing to generate different protein isoforms. Preliminary analyses of the Anopheles Hox genes suggest that they do not achieve their functional complexity in the same manner. Using a combination of in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes and chromosome walking, the Anopheles Hox genes have been localized to a single cluster in the region 19D–E on chromosome 2R, a situation distinct from that of Drosophila where the Hox complex is split into two clusters. This study, therefore, provides a framework for future comparative analyses of the structure, organization, and expression of developmental regulatory genes between the lower and higher Diptera. Moreover, the genes that have been isolated enhance the genetic and physical maps of chromosome 2R in this medically important mosquito species.