Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Black-Box Web Application Scanners in Detection of Stored XSSI Vulnerabilities

Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities are difficult to detect and state-of-the-art black-box scanners have low detection rates [1, 2]. Both Bau et al. and Doupe et al. investigated blackbox web application security scanners, and this paper extends their analyses of state-of-the-art black-box detection of stored XSS. We use our own custom testbed, SimplifiedTB, which is available upon request. Weaknesses and limitations of black-box scanners identified in our study confirm weaknesses and limitations discussed by Bau et al. [1] and Doupé et al. [2]. The paper provides a list of recommendations for improving black-box detection of stored XSS vulnerabilities. Keywords—Stored Cross-Site Scripting Injection; XSSI vulnerabilities; black-box scanners
Consolidation of Fragile Fossil Bone From Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia (Late Cretaceous) With Conservare OH100

Abstract A conservation treatment was devised to consolidate dinosaur bone from Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia, a site of ongoing field work by the American Museum of Natural History with the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. The bone found at this site is exceptionally well preserved but fragile. The larger, heavier specimens from Ukhaa Tolgod are especially problematic; they are often too fragile to support their own weight when extracted completely from the sandstone, and typical consolidation treatments are not sufficient to stabilize them as isolated elements. The use of the low viscosity alkoxysilane consolidant Conservare OH100 was investigated using micro-hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and visual examination. Conservare OH100 was found to be particularly useful in this application, as it markedly increased the strength of the bone, but did not consolidate the surrounding sandstone, thus stabilizing the bone while allowing complete removal of the sandstone. The treatment was successfully used on the holotype specimen of Citipati osmolskae (IGM100/978), an exceedingly fragile and important oviraptorid skeleton from this site.
Appearance of Anti‐HLA‐DR‐Reactive Cells in Normal and Rheumatoid Synovial Tissue

The reactivity of rabbit anti‐HLA‐DR antigen antibodies with cells in normal and rheumatoid synovial tissue was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of tissue. The antibodies reacted with a significant proportion of the synovial lining cells of both normal and rheumatoid synovial tissue, with endothelial cells, and with a number of, most probably, migratory cells. After dispersion of cells from rheumatoid synovial tissue by digestion with collagenase and DNase, adherent cells of both a macrophage‐like and a dendritic appearance reacted with the anti‐HLA‐DR antigen antibodies. The adherent cells were also found to be potent stimulators in the allogeneic MLR. In addition, it was found that a high percentage of T lymphocytes from both peripheral blood and synovial tissue of rheumatoid patients bound anti‐HLA‐DR antibodies. The present data suggest a role for synovial lining cells in HLA‐D‐locus‐dependent events of importance in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases and point to the need for further investigations on T lymphocytes derived from the site of inflammation in the study of rheumatoid arthritis.
Reference Genes in the Pathosystem Phakopsora pachyrhizi/ Soybean Suitable for Normalization in Transcript Profiling

Phakopsora pachyrhizi is a devastating pathogen on soybean, endangering soybean production worldwide. Use of Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) and the study of effector proteins could provide novel strategies for pathogen control. For both approaches quantification of transcript abundance by RT-qPCR is essential. Suitable stable reference genes for normalization are indispensable to obtain accurate RT-qPCR results. According to the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines and using algorithms geNorm and NormFinder we tested candidate reference genes from P. pachyrhizi and Glycine max for their suitability in normalization of transcript levels throughout the infection process. For P. pachyrhizi we recommend a combination of CytB and PDK or GAPDH for in planta experiments. Gene expression during in vitro stages and over the whole infection process was found to be highly unstable. Here, RPS14 and UbcE2 are ranked best by geNorm and NormFinder. Alternatively CytB that has the smallest Cq range (Cq: quantification cycle) could be used. We recommend specification of gene expression relative to the germ tube stage rather than to the resting urediospore stage. For studies omitting the resting spore and the appressorium stages a combination of Elf3 and RPS9, or PKD and GAPDH should be used. For normalization of soybean genes during rust infection Ukn2 and cons7 are recommended.
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Two Interfering Rough Strip Footings

The ultimate bearing capacity of two interfering strip footings was determined by using the method of stress characteristics. The analysis was performed by choosing two different possible failure mechanisms. The variation of the efficiency factor ( ξγ ) was computed with respect to change in the clear spacing (s) between the two footings. For a given s∕B , the value of ξγ predicted on the basis of Mechanism 1 was always found to be smaller than those on the basis of Mechanism 2. For Mechanism 1, the maximum value of ξγ , which becomes always equal to 2.0, always occurs at s∕B=0 . On the other hand, the Mechanism 2 provides maximum value of ξγ even greater than 2.0, especially with ϕ>20° , corresponding to s∕B= scr ∕B . It was noted that the results from Mechanism 2 compare more closely with the theory of Stuart in 1962 and with the recent upper bound limit analysis solution of the writers.
Rapid maxillary expansion affects the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in youngsters. A study with low-dose computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE To test the null hypothesis that the spheno-occipital synchondrosis does not show bony displacement in response to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) therapy in youngsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 computed tomography (CT) records were taken from 8 growing patients (2 males and 6 females), before (T0) and after (T1) treatment with RME. All patients had been diagnosed originally with transverse maxillary deficiency. The mean chronological age of the patients was 9.8 +/- 1.8 years (range, 8 to 11.4 years). High-resolution multislice multidetector CT was used to study quantitatively the extent of the opening of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis following RME. A low-dose CT scan protocol was used (80 kV, 10 mA) and the data file of each patient was transferred to a workstation where the anteroposterior width of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was measured on axial images. RESULTS Before treatment with RME (T0), the anteroposterior mean width of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was 1.73 +/- 0.46 mm immediately after the active phase of expansion (T1), and the width of the synchondrosis increased to 2.30 +/- 0.47. This difference was statistically significant according to the Wilcoxon signed rank test (P < .05). CONCLUSION Rapid maxillary expansion leads to a small immediate widening of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in youngsters.
Earthquake Response of Underground Pipeline Networks in Christchurch, NZ

This paper explores key aspects of underground pipeline network response to the Canterbury earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand, including the response of the water and wastewater distribution systems to the MW6.2 22 February 2011 and MW6.0 13 June 2011 earthquakes, and the response of the gas distribution system to the MW7.1 4 September 2010 earthquake, as well as the 22 February and 13 June events. Repair rates, expressed as repairs/km, for different types of pipelines are evaluated relative to (1) the spatial distribution of peak ground velocity outside liquefaction areas and (2) the differential ground surface settlement and lateral ground strain within areas affected by liquefaction, calculated from high-resolution LiDAR survey data acquired before and after each main seismic event. The excellent performance of the gas distribution network is the result of highly ductile polyethylene pipelines. Lessons learned regarding the earthquake performance of underground lifeline systems are summarized.
Morphometric Evaluation of Adult Acromion Process in North Indian Population.

INTRODUCTION Dimensions of acromion process are important to show linkage to the shoulder girdle pathologies. Also morphometric analysis of acromion process would be helpful for surgeons while performing surgical procedures on the shoulder joint. AIM The purpose of this present study was to observe the detailed morphometric evaluation of adult acromion processes in North Indian population because different morphometric dimensions play an important role in various disorders of the shoulder, particularly sub acromial impingement syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred adult dry scapulae from the osteology museum of MAMC, New Delhi, were obtained for evaluation of various measurement of acromion process. The length, width, thickness of acromion, coraco-acromial (C-A) distance and acromio-glenoid (Ac-g) distance were measured. The measurements were compared with other osteological studies performed on different population group. Data was analysed using SPSS version 12.0 and mean values with standard deviation for each dimension were presented. RESULTS The mean values of each measurement were: length: 41.007 mm; width: 21.82 mm; thickness: 6.58 mm; C-A distance: 28.34 mm and Ac-g distance: 26.21 mm. CONCLUSION It is expected that various dimensions of adult acromion process will serve as a reference base and will assist the surgeon in the approach to be used and precision of the operative technique. So, the study will provide a vital support for planning and executing acromioplasty in the treatment of impingement syndrome.
The Silurian of southwestern margin of the East European Platform (Ukraine, Moldova and Romania) : lithofacies and palaeoenvironments

Silurian strata, stretching along the western margin of the East European Platform from the Baltic to the Black Sea, represent a potential target for both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon exploration. Distribution of the black shale facies, prospective for shale gas, and the reef facies, prospective for oil, has been studied in respect of palaeoenvironments. The Silurian sequence has been investigated in the territory of Ukraine (Volyn-Podillyan Plate, Dobrogean Foredeep) and correlated with the data on Moldova and Romania (Moldovian Platform). The occurrence of Silurian strata, their thickness, and petrographic and lithological characteristics allowed reconstructing the distribution of open-shelf, reef and lagoonal facies. The reef facies migrated during the Wenlock–Middle Pridoli, shifting towards the open sea and back towards the shore, and therefore has been termed a migrating reef facies. Correspondingly, the boundary between the open-shelf and reef facies was shifting. The facies distribution was controlled by the transgressive-regressive cycles, which caused the fluctuations of the shelf water depth in different time intervals of the Silurian. The shelf water depth of about 100 m, where the top of the oxygen-minimum layer impinged on the sea bottom, was the boundary between the open-shelf facies, represented by organic-rich sediments, and the reef buildups.
When Two Newly-Acquired Words are One: New Words Differing in Stress Alone are not Automatically Represented Differently

Do listeners use lexical stress at an early stage in word learning? Artificial-lexicon studies have shown that listeners can learn new spoken words easily. These studies used nonwords differing in consonants and/or vowels, but not differing only in stress. If listeners use stress information in word learning, they should be able to learn new words that differ only in stress (e.g., BInulo-biNUlo). We investigated this issue here. When learning new words, Italian listeners relied on segmental information; they did not take stress information into account. Newly-acquired words differing in stress alone are not automatically represented as different word forms. Index terms: lexical stress, spoken word recognition, Italian, learning new words.
A graphene accelerometer

This work presents an SU-8 clamped graphene nano-electro-mechanical-system (GNEMS) accelerometer. A suspended graphene membrane is circularly clamped by SU-8, with an additional proof mass made of either SU-8 or gold, located at the center of the membrane. This GNEMS accelerometer is approximately three orders of magnitude smaller than state of the art micro-electromechanical (MEMS) accelerometers with the diameter of the suspended graphene membrane being 3-10 μm and the proof mass diameter being 1-5 μm. Here, we present the fabrication, simulation, and experimental aperiodic calibration results of the GNEMS accelerometer, demonstrating a repeatable response to an input acceleration levels of ~1000-3000 g.
FDG PET of pleural effusions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE We determined the ability of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to differentiate benign and malignant pleural effusions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a 6-year period, we reviewed all patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer and a pleural effusion on staging CT who underwent FDG PET. We examined 25 patients (18 men and seven women; age range, 37-86 years; mean age, 65 years). FDG PET revealed positive findings if pleural activity was greater than background mediastinal activity; FDG PET revealed negative findings if pleural activity was the same as or less than background mediastinal activity. Results of FDG PET were correlated with pathologic diagnosis determined with thoracentesis or pleural biopsy. RESULTS All patients had effusions on the same side as the primary tumor. Twenty-two patients had a malignant pleural effusion confirmed with thoracentesis (n = 19) or biopsy (n = 3). FDG PET revealed positive findings in 21 patients and negative findings in one. Three patients had no evidence of malignancy in the pleural space determined with cytologic findings (n = 2) or biopsy results (n = 1). FDG PET uptake revealed positive findings in one of these patients and negative findings in two. Therefore, of 22 patients with positive findings on FDG PET, 21 had pleural metastases, and of three patients with negative findings on FDG PET, one had metastases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FDG PET for detecting pleural metastases were 95%, 67%, 95%, 67%, and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSION This study suggests that FDG PET may be useful in improving staging evaluation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and a pleural effusion. Increased pleural FDG uptake usually indicates pleural metastases; however, because the number of benign effusions studied was small, the relevance of negative findings on FDG PET in this setting is uncertain.
New frequency-locked loop based on CMOS frequency-to-voltage converter: design and implementation

In this paper, we describe the architecture of a new CMOS fully integrated frequency-locked loop (FLL). The proposed FLL contains a frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC), an operational amplifier (opamp) and a differential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The operation of the proposed circuit is based on frequency comparison of reference and feedback signals. The architecture of the FVC is built upon capacitor charge redistribution principle, whereas the architecture of the VCO is based on differential delay cells in order to minimize the effect of the power supply and the substrate noise. Simulation carried out with HSpice using the CMOS 0.35-/spl mu/m process shows that the FLL is very fast and operates over a wide frequency range. Two versions of the FLL are reported; the basic architecture could show a static offset due to the two employed FVCs. To alleviate this effect, a second version is proposed to completely eliminate the offset. The area of the proposed FLL is very small, and the design could be easily integrated in the same die together with other analog, digital and mixed-signal blocks. A functional test of five samples of a first version of this FLL proved that the proposed FLL works as expected from simulation results. Examples of the application of the proposed FLL are a high-precision VCO and a frequency synthesizer with true-fractional multiplication and division that does not require binary frequency dividers.
Impact‐induced thermal effects in the lunar and Mercurian regoliths

While the Moon and Mercury are similar objects in a geomorphologic sense, they also possess important differences, particularly in the context of small-scale impact phenomena. Not only is the surface of Mercury notably hotter than that of the Moon, but the impact flux is also more intense at Mercury due to higher impact velocities and a greater spatial density of micrometeoroids. By extrapolating the terrestrial micrometeoroid flux to the Moon and Mercury, it is found that the impact rate at Mercury is 5.5 times greater and the mean impact velocity more than 60 percent higher than at the Moon. A model of impact melting and vaporization applied to the lunar and mercurian environments indicates that almost 14 times more impact melt and over 20 times more vapor are generated per unit time in the mercurian regolith. Although the surface temperature plays a role in determining the melt and vapor volumes, the difference in impact velocity appears to be markedly more important. “Average” craters formed by identical projectiles under the two velocity distributions on the two planets should be very similar in size, because differences in the kinetic energy of the “average” impactors will be offset by the differences in gravitational acceleration. As a result, variations in regolith mixing should depend more on the actual impact rates than on disparities in excavated volumes. Each “average” impact on Mercury, however, will produce more than twice as much impact melt as its lunar counterpart, introducing more glass into the mercurian regolith. Although substantial quantities of impact vapor are produced on both planets, mixing of the regolith should occur quickly enough in each case to spread the deposited vapor over large surface areas; the resulting vapor coatings should be negligibly small for most purposes. A much larger agglutinate population should exist on Mercury, and individual agglutinates should be similar to those of the lunar highlands. Reflectance spectra and visual albedos indicate that the mercurian crust possesses relatively small quantities of Fe, perhaps similar to those of Apollo 16 light- and dark-matrix breccias. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that, as the magnetic fractions (which are correlated with agglutinate abundances) of soils derived from these breccias increase, the differences in 0.565-mm (visible light) reflectivity between the soils diminish. Should the regional variations in Fe-content of the mercurian crust be similar to those of these Apollo 16 samples, then the intense agglutination environment could account for the lack of optical contrast across the mercurian surface. At the same time, the very large fraction of impact glass in the regolith would imply that most pyroxenes have been fused and incorporated into these glasses, seriously attenuating the Fe2+ crystal-field absorption near 0.9-mm. Supporting this picture are the most recently published spectral observations of Mercury, which provide little or no evidence of such an absorption feature.
Quantitative Phase Imaging With Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography for Optical Measurement of Nanostructures

In this letter, a phase-sensitive, swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system is implemented for the optical measurement of nanostructures. A new approach is proposed to reduce the phase errors, resulting from trigger jitter of the swept source and the asynchronization between the A-scan trigger and OCT signal at the data acquisition end, with a narrowband fiber Bragg grating to generate the accurate A-scan trigger. Furthermore, combining the common-path configuration with the proposed approach, the displacement sensitivity can be calculated to be 80 pm when the swept source is operated at 30 kHz. Finally, the conducting glass was scanned with the proposed approach to quantitatively measure the thickness of conducting layer. The results show that the proposed SS-OCT approach can make be a potentially useful tool for noninvasive, real-time inspection of nanostructures.
Instructions matter: a comparison of baseline conditions for cognitive emotion regulation paradigms

The choice of a meaningful baseline condition is a crucial issue for each experimental design. In the case of cognitive emotion regulation, it is common to either let participants passively view emotional stimuli without any further specific instructions or to instruct them to actively attend to and permit any arising emotions, and to contrast one of these baseline conditions with a regulation condition. While the “view” strategy can be assumed to allow for a more spontaneous emotional response, the “permit” strategy may result in a more pronounced affective and cognitive response. As these conceptual differences may be associated with differences both in subjective emotional experience and neural activation, we compared these two common control conditions within a single functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, during which participants were instructed to either passively view a set of unpleasant and neutral pictures or to actively permit any emotions arising in response to the unpleasant pictures. Trial-by-trial ratings confirmed that participants perceived the unpleasant pictures as more arousing than the neutral pictures, but also indicated higher subjective arousal during the “permit negative” as compared to the “view negative” and “view neutral” conditions. While both the “permit negative” and “view negative” conditions led to increased activation of the bilateral amygdala when contrasted with the passive viewing of neutral pictures, activation in the left amygdala was increased in response to the “permit” instruction as compared to the “view” instruction for unpleasant pictures. The increase in amygdala activation in both the “permit” and “view” conditions renders both strategies as suitable baseline conditions for studies of cognitive emotion regulation. Conceptual and activation differences, however, indicate that these two variants are not exchangeable and should be chosen depending on the experimental context.