Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyberbullying, internet and SNS usage types, and perceived social support: a comparison of different age groups

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between cyberbullying and perceived social support, usage of the internet, and usage of social networking services (SNS). Whereas previous research has generally focused on adolescents, the current study attempted a comparative analysis among groups of adolescents, university students, and working adults. The analysis showed a positive relationship between usage of the internet for information and cyberbullying victimization, as well as a negative relationship between the usage of SNS for reading purposes and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Experiences with cyberbullying as perpetrator and victim were found to be more numerous with higher numbers of online friends, while a negative relationship was observed between offline perceived social support and acts of cyberbullying. For the adolescent group, acts of cyberbullying were more common with less reading of SNS. For university students, a positive relationship was found between perceived social support and acts of perpetration and victimization. For working individuals, acts of perpetration and victimization were found to be more common with larger numbers of online and offline friends. In all three groups, a negative relationship was found between acts of cyberbullying and offline perceived support. Theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Streaming Algorithms for Biological Sequence Alignment on GPUs

Sequence alignment is a common and often repeated task in molecular biology. Typical alignment operations consist of finding similarities between a pair of sequences (pairwise sequence alignment) or a family of sequences (multiple sequence alignment). The need for speeding up this treatment comes from the rapid growth rate of biological sequence databases: every year their size increases by a factor of 1.5 to 2. In this paper, we present a new approach to high-performance biological sequence alignment based on commodity PC graphics hardware. Using modern graphics processing units (GPUs) for high-performance computing is facilitated by their enhanced programmability and motivated by their attractive price/performance ratio and incredible growth in speed. To derive an efficient mapping onto this type of architecture, we have reformulated dynamic-programming-based alignment algorithms as streaming algorithms in terms of computer graphics primitives. Our experimental results show that the GPU-based approach allows speedups of more than one order of magnitude with respect to optimized CPU implementations.
Trichomonas vaginalis and Chlamydia trachomatis Prevalence, Incidence and Associated Factors in Pregnant Adolescents from Belém City, in the Brazilian Amazon

Background: Adolescents are disproportionally affected by sexually transmitted infections (STI). Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) are the most frequent curable STI in adolescents, causing serious consequences for their reproductive health. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of CT and TV, as well as their risk factors in pregnant adolescents from Belem, northern Brazilian Amazon. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 199 adolescents up to 20 weeks of pregnancy. They were scheduled for follow-up visit between 28 and 29 weeks of pregnancy. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were obtained by interview. Cervicovaginal samples were taken to test for TV, CT, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and bacterial vaginosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to test the association of prevalent/incident CT and TV with the variables. Results: Prevalence of cervical CT infection was 33.7% (n = 67/ 199), and for trichomoniasis it was 4.0% (n = 8/199). Cervical ectopy increased the risk for prevalent CT (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.01 - 3.70), while having treated vaginal discharge in the past (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26 - 0.98) and being married (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01 - 0.83) were protective against current CT and TV, respectively. Among the 95 (47.7%) adolescents who completed follow-up, 15 cases of incident CT were identified. Incident CT was associated with having a formal or informal job (OR, 28.4; 95% CI, 2.1 - 391.6) and bacterial vaginosis treatment at the baseline (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 - 0.69). Conclusion: Prevalence and incidence rates of TV and CT are high in this population devoid of STI routine screening. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis may benefit this population by reducing risk for CT acquisition.
A Characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Melt and Runoff in Contemporary Reanalyses and a Regional Climate Model

For the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), large-scale melt area has increased in recent years and is detectable via remote sensing, but its relation to runoff is not known. Historical, modeled melt area and runoff from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-Replay), the Interim Re-Analysis of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-I), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the Modele Atmospherique Regional (MAR), and the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) are examined. These sources compare favorably with satellite-derived estimates of surface melt area for the period 2000-2012. Spatially, the models markedly disagree on the number of melt days in the interior of the southern part of the ice sheet, and on the extent of persistent melt areas in the northeastern GrIS. Temporally, the models agree on the mean seasonality of daily surface melt and on the timing of large-scale melt events in 2012. In contrast, the models disagree on the amount, seasonality, spatial distribution, and temporal variability of runoff. As compared to global reanalyses, time series from MAR indicate a lower correlation between runoff and melt area (r2 = 0.805). Runoff in MAR is much larger in the second half of the melt season for all drainage basins, while the ASR indicates larger runoff in the first half of the year. This difference in seasonality for the MAR and to an extent for the ASR provide a hysteresis in the relation between runoff and melt area, which is not found in the other models. The comparison points to a need for reliable observations of surface runoff.
Role of DUOX in gut inflammation: lessons from Drosophila model of gut-microbiota interactions

It is well-known that certain bacterial species can colonize the gut epithelium and induce inflammation in the mucosa, whereas other species are either benign or beneficial to the host. Deregulation of the gut-microbe interactions may lead to a pathogenic condition in the host, such as chronic inflammation, tissue injuries, and even cancer. However, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie gut-microbe homeostasis and pathogenesis remains limited. Recent studies have used Drosophila as a genetic model to provide novel insights into the causes and consequences of bacterial-induced colitis in the intestinal mucosa. The present review discusses the interactions that occur between gut-associated bacteria and host gut immunity, particularly the bacterial-induced intestinal dual oxidase (DUOX) system. Several lines of evidence showed that the bacterial-modulated DUOX system is involved in microbial clearance, intestinal epithelial cell renewal (ECR), redox-dependent modulation of signaling pathways, cross-linking of biomolecules, and discrimination between symbionts and pathogens. Further genetic studies on the Drosophila DUOX system and on gut-associated bacteria with a distinct ability to activate DUOX may provide critical information related to the homeostatic inflammation as well as etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases, which will enhance our understanding on the mucosal inflammatory diseases frequently observed in the microbe-contacting epithelia of humans.
[Four measures of treatment compliance among patients recovering from psychotic episodes--a comparative study].

OBJECTIVES Patient compliance influences results of treatment of mental disorders. The study compares four measures of treatment adherence. METHODS 103 subjects were examined in the early remission from an acute psychotic (schizophrenic or schizoaffective) crisis. Compared was patient's compliance assessed by two simple scales: 5-point POP (patient's self-rating) and 7-point POK (clinician's rating) as well as by two composite questionnaires: the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). The ROC curve was used to compare sensitivity and specificity of DAI-10 and MARS scores as predictors of simple ratings. RESULTS The percentage of patients who complied ranged between 42.8% to 62% (20.4-26.2% with stringent criteria applied). The POK shows a stronger correlation with the POP (0.50) than with the results of DAL-10 (0.30) or MARS (0.32). The POP correlated low with DAI-10 (0.23) and MARS (0.32). The correlation between MARS and DAI-10 was relatively high (0.67). Their reliability (Cronbach's a coefficient) only moderately exceeded the satisfactory level (DAI-10: alpha = 0.76) or approximated it (MARS: alpha = 0.61). Area under the curve (AUC) suggested comparable and significant diagnostic value of the DAI-10 and MARS. Scores extending 7.5 points indicated their optimal relation between sensitivity and specificity in predicting the clinician or patient ratings. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one in two (one in four assuming the more demanding criteria) of the subjects complied with treatment recommendations. The correlation between the results of the questionnaires was relatively high, though moderate between the simple ratings. DAI-10 and MARS showed moderate reliability, sensitivity and specificity.
Factors Associated with Loss-to-Follow-Up during Behavioral Interventions and HIV Testing Cohort among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Nanjing, China

Background Behavioral interventions (BIs) remained the cornerstone of HIV prevention in resource-limited settings. One of the major concerns for such efforts is the loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) that threatens almost every HIV control program involving high-risk population groups. Methods To evaluate the factors associated with LTFU during BIs and HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM), 410 HIV sero-negatives MSM were recruited using respondent driven sampling (RDS) in Nanjing, China during 2008, they were further followed for 18 months. At baseline and each follow-up visits, each participant was counseled about various HIV risk-reductions BIs at a designated sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic. Results Among 410 participants recruited at baseline, altogether 221 (53.9%) were LTFU at the 18-month follow-up visit. Overall, 46 participants were found to be positive for syphilis infection at baseline while 13 participants were HIV sero-converted during the follow-up period. Increasing age was less (Adjusted Odds Ratio(aOR) of 0.90, 95% confidence Interval (CI) 0.86–0.94) and official residency of provinces other than Nanjing (AOR of 2.49, 95%CI 1.32–4.71), lower level of education (AOR of 2.01, 95%CI 1.10–3.66) and small social network size (AOR of 1.75, 95%CI 1.09–2.80) were more likely to be associated with higher odds of LTFU. Conclusion To improve retention in the programs for HIV control, counseling and testing among MSM in Nanjing, focused intensified intervention targeting those who were more likely to be LTFU, especially the young, less educated, unofficial residents of Nanjing who had smaller social network size, might be helpful.
AN ADAPTIVE DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGO- RITHM FOR AUTONOMOUS DEPLOYMENT AND LO- CALIZATION OF SENSOR NODES

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have transitioned from being objects of academic research interest to a technology that is frequently being employed in real-life applications and rapidly being commercialized. The performance of a WSN is largely afiected by high quality deployment and precise localization of sensor nodes. This article deliberates autonomous deployment of sensor nodes from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). This kind of deployment has importance in emergency applications, such as disaster monitoring and battlefleld surveillance. The goal is to deploy the nodes only in the terrains of interest, which are distinguished by segmentation of the images captured by a camera on board the UAV. In this article we propose an improved variant of a very powerful real parameter optimizer, called Difierential Evolution (DE) for image segmentation and for distributed localization of the deployed nodes. Image segmentation for autonomous deployment and distributed localization are designed as multidimensional optimization problems and are solved by the proposed algorithm. Performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with other prominent adaptive DE-variants like SaDE and JADE as well as a powerful variant of the Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, called CLPSO. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm performs image segmentation faster than both types of algorithm for optimal thresholds. Moreover in case of localization it gives more accurate
Emotion work, order, and emotional power in care assistant work.

L'A. etudie la place du travail et du pouvoir emotionnel dans le travail des personnels de soin. Il presente un certain nombre de donnees collectees en 1992 en Ecosse dans un etablissement hospitalier specialise dans le soin aux personnes âgees. Il analyse la place du travail emotionnel des infirmieres, etudie le lien entre pouvoir, soin et controle social, et souligne la nature emotionnelle de la situation de resident des patients au sein de ce service hospitalier. Il se demande de quelle maniere les personnels hospitaliers percoivent ce travail emotionnel. Il montre que ce dernier fait partie integrante de leur tâche et considere que l'on doit apprehender l'emotion comme une source de pouvoir
The influence of binary stars on dwarf spheroidal galaxy kinematics

We have completed a Monte-Carlo simulation to estimate the effect of binary star orbits on the measured velocity dispersion in dwarf spheroidal galaxies. This paper analyses previous attempts at this calculation, and explains the simulations which were performed with mass, period and ellipticity distributions similar to that measured for the solar neighbourhood. The conclusion is that with functions such as these, the contribution of binary stars to the velocity dispersion is small. The distributions are consistent with the percentage of binaries detected by observations, although this is quite dependent on the measuring errors and on the number of years over which measurements have been taken. For binaries to be making a significant contribution to the dispersion measured in dSph galaxies, the distributions of the orbital parameters would need to be very different from those of stars in the solar neighbourhood. In particular more smaller period orbits with higher mass secondaries would be required. The shape of the velocity distribution may help to resolve this issue when more data becomes available. In general, the scenarios producing a larger apparent dispersion have a velocity distribution which deviates more clearly from Gaussian.
Interobserver variability in the determination of upper lobe-predominant emphysema.

BACKGROUND Appropriateness for lung volume reduction surgery is often determined based on the results of high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning of the chest. At many centers, radiologists and pulmonary physicians both review the images, but the agreement between readers from these specialties is not known. METHODS Two thoracic radiologists and three pulmonologists retrospectively reviewed the HRCT scans of 30 patients with emphysema involved in two clinical studies at our institution. Each reader assigned an emphysema severity score and assessed upper lobe predominance, using a methodology similar to that of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. In addition, the percentage of emphysema at -910 Hounsfield units was objectively determined by density mask analysis. RESULTS For the emphysema severity scores, (Spearman) correlation between readers ranged from 0.59 (p = 0.0005) to 0.87 (p < 0.0001), with generally stronger correlations among readers from the same medical specialty. Emphysema severity scores were significantly correlated with prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator spirometry findings, as well as with density mask analysis. In the assessment of upper lobe predominance, kappa statistics for agreement ranged from 0.20 (p = 0.4) to 0.60 (p = 0.0008). Examining all possible radiologist-pulmonologist pairs, the two readers agreed in their assessments of emphysema distribution in 75% of the comparisons. Readers agreed on upper lobe-predominant disease in 9 of the 10 patients in which regional density mask analysis clearly showed upper lobe predominance. CONCLUSIONS In a group of patients with varying emphysema severity, interobserver agreement in the determination of upper lobe-predominant disease was poor. Agreement between readers tended to be better in cases with clear upper lobe predominance as determined by densitometry.
The disability bias: understanding the context of hate in comparison with other minority populations

Abstract During recent years ‘disability hate crime’ has become a major political and criminal justice concern due to a number of high-profile murders in the United Kingdom. The aim of this article is to compare disability-motivated hate crimes with other hate crimes motivated by homophobic or racist bias. This study employs a quantitative methodology utilising data collected by the ARCH hate crime recording system over a 10-year period (2005–2015). The data findings illustrate a number of variations concerning incidents reported by disabled people regarding violence and threatening behaviour, when compared with incidents motivated by race/faith or homophobic bias.
Task Allocation for Minimizing Cost of Distributed Computing Systems Using Genetic Algorithms

The problem of the task allocation in distributed computing system is to need to allocate a number of tasks to different processors for execution. In this paper we present a genetic algorithm, considering DCS with heterogeneous processors in order to achieve optimal cost by allocating the tasks to the processors, in such a way that the allocated load on each processor is balanced. The algorithm is based on the execution costs of a task running on different processors and the task communication cost between two tasks to obtain the optimal solution. We assess the proposed algorithm by comparing to a heuristic approach. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of this algorithm over conventional algorithms.
The role of servant leadership in fostering inclusive organizations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative framework of servant leadership and employees’ perception of inclusion. The authors argue that servant leadership embodies an inclusive leadership philosophy that is in a position to facilitate feelings of belongingness and uniqueness among diverse employees. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model capturing the effect of servant leadership in shaping climates for inclusion, is developed. The authors elaborate on research streams focussing on climates for inclusion, and examine servant leadership as a potential predictor of inclusion. In this respect, the authors posit that inclusive practices mediate the servant leadership and inclusion relationship, while leaders’ inclusiveness beliefs moderate the servant leadership and inclusive practices relationship. Findings The model introduces mediating mechanisms that intervene in the indirect relationship between servant leadership and climates for inclusion. In so doing, the authors seek to identify how organizational practices supported through servant leadership behaviors address employee needs for belongingness and uniqueness. The model predicts multi-level beneficial outcomes for social identity groups. Practical implications The paper identifies a bundle of organizational practices facilitating employees’ perceptions of inclusion, by placing an emphasis on how servant leaders can enact and implement practices in view of attaining inclusiveness pursuits. Social implications Servant leadership is inclusive by empowering diverse employees and fostering equitable and more humane workplaces, as well as by being more sensitive to various societal expectations. Originality/value The paper is intended to explore precisely how servant leadership can help inclusive ideals to thrive in diverse work environments.
Impact of Ultrasonic Activation on the Effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite: A Review

Using ultrasonic devices in endodontics can enhance the antibacterial and tissue dissolving ability of different root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) which is the most common irrigant with excellent antibacterial and tissue dissolving abilities. However, due to its high surface tension, its penetration into the irregularities of the root canal system is a challenge. The purpose of this paper was to review the different ultrasonic devices, different types of ultrasonic irrigation, the effect(s) of ultrasonic activation on the antibacterial and biofilm-removal abilities of NaOCl as well as the effect of ultrasonic activation on the smear layer removal ability of NaOCl.
Decentralization and Bailouts in Colombia

This paper examines the decentralization process in Colombia, particularly as it relates to reforms embodied in the 1991 Constitution, and the bailouts of territorial entities that have occurred in subsequent years as a result of perverse incentive structures. The paper provides a summary of the basic features of the decentralization process in Colombia, including an analysis of revenue and expenditure assignments, the intergovernmental transfer system and recent developments in terms of territorial indebtedness. Specific case studies involve the determinants of three types of bailouts by the central government to territorial entities: the provision of soft loans to be used by departments to restructure their finances, the bailout of territorial entitities' education expenditures, and the Medellin Metro. The paper concludes with lessons learned and policy recommendations.
Age-associated NF-κB signaling in myofibers alters the satellite cell niche and re-strains muscle stem cell function

Skeletal muscle is a highly regenerative tissue, but muscle repair potential is increasingly compromised with advancing age. In this study, we demonstrate that increased NF-κB activity in aged muscle fibers contributes to diminished myogenic potential of their associated satellite cells. We further examine the impact of genetic modulation of NF-κB signaling in muscle satellite cells or myofibers on recovery after damage. These studies reveal that NF-κB activity in differentiated myofibers is sufficient to drive dysfunction of muscle regenerative cells via cell-non-autonomous mechanisms. Inhibition of NF-κB, or its downstream target Phospholipase A2, in myofibers rescued muscle regenerative potential in aged muscle. Moreover, systemic administration of sodium salicylate, an FDA-approved NF-κB inhibitor, decreased inflammatory gene expression and improved repair in aged muscle. Together, these studies identify a unique NF-κB regulated, non-cell autonomous mechanism by which stem cell function is linked to lipid signaling and homeostasis, and provide important new targets to stimulate muscle repair in aged individuals.