Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"We Don't Contravene the Sex Discrimination Act"--Female Students at Journalism School.

ABSTRACT This paper looks at how female postgraduate journalism students coped with problems arising out of their experiences at journalism school. The fieldwork, collected during the course of a doctorate, was primarily carried out by participant observation where I followed a cohort of students through a one year, university based journalism course. The paper focuses on how female students adjusted to problems relating to sexism on their course and argues that despite the fact that they were a close‐knit group and had indentified a shared problem which as a group they sought to solve, no group solution to the problem emerged. It is argued that this is partly due to the fact that journalism is a male dominated occupation, particularly on the print side, and, as such, problems relating to female gender were marginalised. The students coped with the problem by either ignoring it or redefining it as unthreatening because they were unprepared to challenge staff members and so make themselves vulnerable durin.
Particle image velocimetry measurements of vortex rings head-on collision with a heated vertical plate

We report particle image velocimetry measurements of the collision of a vortex ring with a heated wall kept at constant temperature. We consider the case when both the vortex ring and the thermal boundary layer generated by the vertical heated wall are stable and laminar prior to any interaction. The impingement process can be divided into two parts. (i) A ring-driven stage, where the vortex ring grows in diameter while approaching the wall and therefore it sweeps progressively an increased surface on the wall. (ii) A boundary layer-driven stage, where the vortex ring moves upward due to the thermal convective motion generated by the heated wall. In some cases, the head-on collision triggers the ring’s azimuthal instability as revealed by the formation of vortical structures arranged on a wavy starlike pattern and confirmed by flow visualizations. A single collision generates important velocity gradients and shear stresses along the wall accompanied with the creation of local vorticity normal to the verti.
One-dimensional-motion and pressure hybrid sensor fabricated and process-level-packaged with CMOS back-end-of-line processes

One-dimensional movable structures (motion sensors) made from a metal silicide (WSi) core were successfully encapsulated inside a cavity in an interlayer dielectric (SiO2) covered by another metallic layer. The latter half of the fabrication process is the same as to that for the pressure sensor that we previously reported [1]; thus, both sensors can be fabricated simultaneously. As is the case with our previously reported pressure sensor, the fabrication processes are compatible with CMOS back-end-of-lines (BEOL) processes (carried out below 400°C). The motion sensor can thus be fabricated directly above integrated circuits (ICs). The fabricated sensors were electrically tested, and the measured pull-in voltage was in good agreement with the design value.
Intratumoural expression of TNF‐R1 and EMAP‐II in relation to response of patients treated with TNF‐based isolated limb perfusion

Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF) has been used in the clinic for more than 10 years in an isolated limb perfusion (ILP). However, intra‐tumoural expression of TNF receptor‐1 (TNF‐R1) and TNF‐R1 upregulating factors are unknown. We determined the expression of TNF‐R1, proEMAP and endothelial monocyte‐activating polypeptide‐II (EMAP‐II) before and after ILP and evaluated this against clinical response. Tumour biopsies were taken before and after ILP of patients (n = 27) with advanced sarcoma or metastatic melanoma. Biopsies were randomly analysed by western blotting for proEMAP/EMAP‐II and TNF‐R1 expression. Appropriate melanoma biopsies were stained for EMAP‐II, TNF‐R1, CD31 and CD68. For melanomas we found that an up‐regulation of EMAP‐II, in contrast to proEMAP or TNF‐R1, directly after ILP significantly correlated with a complete tumour response. No correlation was found for sarcoma patients. In a comparative analysis we found that the overall proEMAP and EMAP‐II expression was higher in melanoma as compared to sarcoma cases and measurements in cell lines revealed high proEMAP expression by melanoma cells. We report high EMAP‐II expression by endothelial cells and association with macrophages. In addition, macrophages are recruited to vessel‐remnants after ILP. An upregulation of EMAP‐II directly after ILP of melanoma patients correlates with and might predict a complete response to TNF‐based ILP. The association of macrophages with EMAP‐II expression and vascular damage suggests a role for EMAP‐II in regulating the TNF‐based anti‐tumour effects observed with an ILP. Analysis of EMAP‐II expression in melanoma biopsies should be implemented in the ILP procedure. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological and Immunohistochemical Features of the Vomeronasal System in Dogs

Each of the structures integrating the sense of smell in mammals has a different degree of development, even in the so‐called macrosmatic animals, according to the capacity of the olfactory system to detect thousands of different chemical signals. Such morphological diversity implies analogous physiological variation. The study of the accessory olfactory system, also known as the vomeronasal system, is a useful way to analyze the heterogeneity of the sense of smell. Macrodissection and microdissection methods as well as conventional histology and immunohistochemistry protocols were used to study aspects of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulbs in dogs. Observations regarding the end of the anterior part of the vomeronasal duct have been emphasized. Both lectins, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and Lycopersicum esculentum agglutinin, and one G protein, Gαi2, show a similar pattern of binding in the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ and in the vomeronasal nerve and glomerular layers of the accessory olfactory bulb, whereas the expression of protein Gαo was not observed. Taken together, our results emphasize the contribution of comparative data to our understanding of the vomeronasal system function. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supporting Service Differentiation for Real-Time and Best-Effort Traffic in Stateless Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (SWAN)

We propose SWAN, a stateless network model which uses distributed control algorithms to deliver service differentiation in mobile wireless ad hoc networks in a simple, scalable and robust manner. The proposed architecture is designed to handle both real-time UDP traffic, and best effort UDP and TCP traffic without the need for the introduction and management of per-flow state information in the network. SWAN supports per-hop and end-to-end control algorithms that primarily rely on the efficient operation of TC/IP protocols. In particular, SWAN uses local rate control for best-effort traffic, and sender-based admission control for real-time UDP traffic. Explicit congestion notification (ECN) is used to dynamically regulate admitted real-time sessions in the face of network dynamics brought on by mobility or traffic overload conditions. SWAN does not require the support of a QoS-capable MAC to deliver service differentiation. Rather, real-time services are built using existing best effort wireless MAC technology. Simulation, analysis, and results from an experimental wireless testbed show that real-time applications experience low and stable delays under various multihop, traffic, and mobility conditions.
Incidence of breast cancer and its subtypes in relation to individual and multiple low-penetrance genetic susceptibility loci.

CONTEXT There is limited evidence on how the risk of breast cancer and its subtypes depend on low-penetrance susceptibility loci, individually or in combination. OBJECTIVE To analyze breast cancer risk, overall and by tumor subtype, in relation to 14 individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously linked to the disease, and in relation to a polygenic risk score. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Study of 10,306 women with breast cancer (mean age at diagnosis, 58 years) and 10,393 women without breast cancer who in 2005-2008 provided blood samples for genotyping in a large prospective study of UK women; and meta-analysis of these results and of other published results. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Estimated per-allele odds ratio (OR) for individual SNPs, and cumulative incidence of breast cancer to age 70 years in relation to a polygenic risk score based on the 4, 7, or 10 SNPs most strongly associated with risk. RESULTS Odds ratios for breast cancer were greatest for FGFR2-rs2981582 and TNRC9-rs3803662 and, for these 2 SNPs, were significantly greater for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive than for ER-negative disease, both in our data and in meta-analyses of all published data (pooled per-allele ORs [95% confidence intervals] for ER-positive vs ER-negative disease: 1.30 [1.26-1.33] vs 1.05 [1.01-1.10] for FGFR2; interaction P < .001; and 1.24 [1.21-1.28] vs 1.12 [1.07-1.17] for TNRC9; interaction P < .001). The next strongest association was for 2q-rs13387042, for which the per-allele OR was significantly greater for bilateral than unilateral disease (1.39 [1.21-1.60] vs 1.15 [1.11-1.20]; interaction P = .008) and for lobular than ductal tumors (1.35 [1.23-1.49] vs 1.10 [1.05-1.15]; interaction P < .001). The estimated cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval) of breast cancer to age 70 years among women in the top and bottom fifths of a polygenic risk score based on 7 SNPs was 8.8% (8.3%-9.4%) and 4.4% (4.2%-4.8%), respectively. For ER-positive disease the corresponding risks were 7.4% (6.9%-8.0%) and 3.4% (3.1%-3.8%), respectively; while for ER-negative disease they were 1.4% (1.2%-1.6%) and 1.0% (0.8%-1.2%). The findings did not differ materially according to the number of SNPs included in the polygenic risk model. CONCLUSIONS The polygenic risk score was substantially more predictive of ER-positive than of ER-negative breast cancer, particularly for absolute risk.
Anti-Alpha-Toxin Monoclonal Antibody and Antibiotic Combination Therapy Improves Disease Outcome and Accelerates Healing in a Staphylococcus aureus Dermonecrosis Model

ABSTRACT Alpha-toxin (AT) is a major virulence determinant in Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection models. We previously demonstrated that prophylactic administration of 2A3, an AT-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb), prevents S. aureus disease in a mouse dermonecrosis model by neutralizing AT-mediated tissue necrosis and immune evasion. In the present study, MEDI4893*, an affinity-optimized version of 2A3, was characterized for therapeutic activity in the dermonecrosis model as a single agent and in combination with two frontline antibiotics, vancomycin and linezolid. MEDI4893* postinfection therapy was found to exhibit a therapeutic treatment window similar to that for linezolid but longer than that for vancomycin. Additionally, when combined with either vancomycin or linezolid, MEDI4893* resulted in reduced tissue damage, increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and abscess formation, and accelerated healing relative to those with the antibiotic monotherapies. These data suggest that AT neutralization with a potent MAb holds promise for both prophylaxis and adjunctive therapy with antibiotics and may be a valuable addition to currently available options for the treatment of S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections.
LEADERSHIP EMPOWERMENT BEHAVIOUR, WORK ENGAGEMENT AND TURNOVER INTENTION: THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT

Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between leadership empowerment behavior, psychological empowerment, work engagement and turnover intention. The study further investigated whether psychological empowerment mediates the relationship between leadership empowerment behavior and turnover intention and work engagement respectively. Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used with a convenience sample (N = 322). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test whether the measures of the constructs were consistent with the understanding of the nature of the constructs and to test whether the data fitted the hypothesized measurement model. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the structural relationships between the constructs. Measuring instruments: The Leader Empowering Behavior Questionnaire, Measuring Empowerment, Work Engagement and Turnover Intention scales were administered. Main findings: The results showed significant positive relationships between leadership empowerment behavior, psychological empowerment, work engagement and a negative correlation with turnover intention. Leadership empowerment behavior affected work engagement through psychological empowerment. Practical implications: It is recommended that leadership discussions, training programs and individual coaching about leadership empowering behavior takes place.
Determination of protein and gluten quality-related parameters of wheat flour using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)

Wet chemistry analyses done for quality control purposes in wheat and fl our processing are time-consuming. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as an alternative technology to conventional methods allows us to obtain results in a few seconds. In this study, NIRS was used in the development of calibration models for protein, wet and dry gluten contents and Zeleny sedimentation of fl ours from the grinding of 120 varieties of bread wheat collected from diff erent regions of Turkey. Th erefore, spectra in the range of 1100 to 2500 nm of the fl ours were acquired by scanning with the NIRSystems 6500 monochromator. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were applied to the spectral data in log 1/R, and fi rst derivative and second derivative of log 1/R formats. Reasonable results were obtained for protein, wet and dry gluten contents, and Zeleny sedimentation with r = 0.985, 0.976, 0.953, and 0.924, respectively.
Silk fibroin hydrolysate exerts an anti-diabetic effect by increasing pancreatic β cell mass in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice

Components of silk including silk fibroin have long been used as anti-diabetic remedies in oriental medicine. However, detailed mechanisms underlying these anti-diabetic effects remain unclear. In this study, we examined the anti-diabetic activity of silk fibroin hydrolysate (SFH) in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice, a well-known animal model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. When the db/db mice were administered SFH in drinking water for 6 weeks, hyperglycemia in the animals gradually disappeared and the level of glycosylated hemoglobin decreased, indicating that SFH plays important role in reducing the symptoms of diabetes. In addition, SFH-treated db/db mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance with increased plasma insulin levels. Immunohistochemical and morphological analyses showed that SFH up-regulated insulin production by increasing pancreatic β cell mass in the mice. In summary, our results suggest that SFH exerts anti-diabetic effects by increasing pancreatic β cell mass in a non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus mouse model.
Molecular Characterization of Molecular Characterization of Cephalothorax,Cephalothorax, the the Tribolium Tribolium Ortholog of Ortholog of Sex Combs Reduced Sex Combs Reduced

Sex combs reduced ( Scr ), a Hox gene located in the Antennapedia complex of Drosophila melanogaster , is required for the proper development of the labial and first thoracic segments. The Tribolium castaneum genetically defined locus Cephalothorax ( Cx ) is a candidate Scr ortholog based on the location of Cx in the beetle Homeotic complex and mutant effects on the labial and first thoracic segments. To address this hypothesis, we have cloned and characterized the Tribolium ortholog of Scr ( TcScr ). The tran scription unit is less complex and encodes a smaller protein than Scr . The predicted amino acid sequence of the Tribolium protein shares motifs with orthologous proteins from multiple species. In addition, we have analyzed the TcScr expression pattern during embryonic development. TcScr is expressed in parts of the maxillary, labial, and first thoracic segments in a pattern similar to but not identical to Scr . Furthermore, TcScr RNA interference results in a phenocopy of the Cephalothorax ( Cx ) mutant phenotype in which the labial palps are transformed into antennae and the head and first thoracic segment are fused. All of the available results indicate that Cx is the Tribolium ortholog of Scr .
Finding the best fit: a grounded theory of contraceptive decision making in women.

PROBLEM Half of the pregnancies in the United States that occur annually are unintended, and of these, half occur among women using contraceptives. METHODS Interviews with 16 women,field notes, and memos were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and the methods of open, axial, and selective coding were used until saturation occurred. FINDINGS The core category that describes the process of contraceptive decision making in women is "finding the best fit. " Women choose a method or methods to prevent pregnancy based on their knowledge, experience, and evaluation of what would be the best fit within the context of their current life situation. CONCLUSIONS It is important that nurses obtain a thorough contraceptive history, and realize that women may have different perceptions and knowledge level of methods.
Welcome to College? Developing a Richer Understanding of the Transition Process for Adult First Year Students Using Reflective Written Journals

This study investigates the process of adjustment among adult learners by focusing on their own perceptions as they make the transition to higher education in an Irish setting, in order to gain a richer understanding about early university experience. The analysis of the journal-based reflections confirms existing insights about the complexity of the adjustment process, emphasizing that adult students seem to face particular challenges and opportunities that may not prevail among their younger counterparts. The data provides a more personal and subjective picture of adjustment issues than has typically been available to date. The benefits of keeping and using insights from reflective journals are explored and in conclusion a “V-curve” model of mature student adjustment is proposed that suggests a more extreme form of the long established “U-curve” theory derived from organizational literature on adjustment.
Overseas travelers’ decision formation for airport-shopping behavior

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated international travelers’ decision-making process for airport shopping by considering the moderating impact of the perceived disadvantages of airport-shopping behavior. The model of goal-directed behavior, including volitional/non-volitional, motivational, and affective components of decision-making, was employed to create an accurate prediction of intention. Findings from the structural equation modeling indicated that significant amounts of variance in intention were accounted for by the proposed model, and the mediating impact of the motivational component was detected in the proposed theoretical framework. In addition, the results from the invariance tests revealed that perceived disadvantages of airport shopping acted as a significant moderator in determining intention. Our results imply that these perceived disadvantages can be a threat to airport operations and retailing.
TALES OF THE MICROPROCESSOR : THE NARRATIVE PROPERTIES OF COMPUTER SIMULATION

I would like to thank the following people for their willingness to read drafts of this manuscript, and for their helpful feedback: Michael Cohen, Jerry Davis, Jane Dutton, Nelson Repenning, Kathie Sutcliffe, Jim Walsh, Karl Weick, Charlie Williams, and the anonymous reviewers from the Academy of Management. I would also like to thank the participants of the University of Michigan Business School’s Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management department’s brown bag seminar, where I presented two previous versions of this paper.
An exploratory study of the role of performance feedback and musical imagery in piano playing

Musicians experience various forms of sensory feedback when practising and performing. By studying the extent to which musicians rely on such auditory, visual and kinaesthetic information, insight can be gained (albeit indirectly) into the content and strength of their mental imagery for the music they play. While in previous empirical research, impaired auditory feedback has not been shown to affect performance outcome, the significance of visual and kinaesthetic feedback is less well-understood. In the current study, performance feedback was systematically removed in a repeated measures (within-subjects) design. Eight skilled pianists performed from memory under a normal condition and under three further conditions without auditory, visual and kinaesthetic feedback, one of which included tapping along with the beat of an imagined performance. Differences and similarities in the expressive timing and intensity (dynamic) microstructure were analyzed and compared across conditions. Performance consistency in both timing and intensity profiles was highest for conditions with kinaesthetic feedback, even in the absence of auditory and visual feedback. The results are discussed in relation to their implications for mental imagery and mental practising.
Examining dispositional and situational effects on outgroup attitudes

Two research lines have dominated the quest for the antecedents of outgroup attitudes. Whereas the first has viewed outgroup attitudes as a result of individual differences, the second stressed the importance of the intergroup situation. In order to investigate the interplay of individual differences and situational characteristics, key predictors of the individual differences perspective (i.e. right‐wing authoritarianism or RWA, and social dominance orientation or SDO) and the intergroup relations perspective (i.e. ingroup identification and ingroup threat) were simultaneously tested. Two studies revealed additive but no interaction effects of RWA and SDO, ingroup identification and threat. Additionally, Study 1 showed that threat effects remain limited to the outgroup that is portrayed as threatening and do not generalize to other outgroups. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Levels of Structural Diversity Observed in Microcystins from Microcystis CAWBG11 and Characterization of Six New Microcystin Congeners

Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria, which can be harmful to humans and animals when ingested. Differences in the coding of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase enzyme complex responsible for microcystin production have resulted in more than 100 microcystin variants being reported to date. The microcystin diversity of Microcystis CAWBG11 was investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This revealed that CAWBG11 simultaneously produced 21 known microcystins and six new congeners: [Asp3] MC-RA, [Asp3] MC-RAba, [Asp3] MC-FA, [Asp3] MC-WA, MC-FAba and MC-FL. The new congeners were putatively characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and chemical derivatization. A survey of the microcystin congeners produced by 49 cyanobacterial strains documented in scientific literature showed that cyanobacteria generally produce four microcystin congeners, but strains which produce up to 47 microcystin congeners have been reported. Microcystis CAWBG11 (which produces at least 27 congeners) was positioned in the top ten percentile of the strains surveyed, and showed fluidity of the amino acids incorporated into both position two and position four.