Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helping Others Increases Meaningful Work: Evidence From Three Experiments

The aim of the current research was to examine whether manipulating task significance increased the meaningfulness of work among students (Study 1), an online sample of working adults (Study 2), and public university employees (Study 3). In Study 1, students completed a typing task for the benefit of themselves, a charity, or someone they knew would directly benefit from their work. People who worked to benefit someone else, rather than themselves, reported greater task meaningfulness. In Study 2, a representative, online sample of employees reflected on a time when they worked to benefit themselves or someone else at work. Results revealed that people who reflected on working to benefit someone else, rather than themselves, reported greater work meaningfulness. In Study 3, public university employees participated in a community intervention by working as they normally would, finding new ways to help people each day, or finding several new ways to help others on a single day. People who helped others many times in a single day experienced greater gains in work meaningfulness over time. Across 3 experimental studies, we found that people who perceived their work as helping others experienced more meaningfulness in their work. This highlights the potential mechanisms practitioners, employers, and other parties can use to increase the meaningfulness of work, which has implications for workers’ well-being and productivity.
Gender Differences in Experimental Wage Negotiations

We examine behavioral gender differences and gender pairing effects in a laboratory experiment with face-to-face alternating-offers wage bargaining. Our results suggest that male players are able to obtain better bargaining outcomes than female players. Male employees get higher wages than female employees. Male employers pay lower wages to female employees than female employers pay to male employees. Moreover, we find gender differences in the first offers of the bargaining game.
Inhibition of T1/St2 during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Prevents T Helper Cell Type 2 (Th2)- but Not Th1-Driven Immunopathology

T cells secreting interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 (T helper cell type 2 [Th2] cells) play a detrimental role in a variety of diseases, but specific methods of regulating their activity remain elusive. T1/ST2 is a surface ligand of the IL-1 receptor family, expressed on Th2- but not on interferon (IFN)-γ–producing Th1 cells. Prior exposure of BALB/c mice to the attachment (G) or fusion (F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) increases illness severity during intranasal RSV challenge, due to Th2-driven lung eosinophilia and exuberant Th1-driven pulmonary infiltration, respectively. We used these polar models of viral illness to study the recruitment of T1/ST2 cells to the lung and to test the effects of anti-T1/ST2 treatment in vivo. T1/ST2 was present on a subset of CD4+ cells from mice with eosinophilic lung disease. Monoclonal anti-T1/ST2 treatment reduced lung inflammation and the severity of illness in mice with Th2 (but not Th1) immunopathology. These results show that inhibition of T1/ST2 has a specific effect on virally induced Th2 responses and suggests that therapy targeted at this receptor might be of value in treating Th2-driven illness.
All‐in‐one: The dream and reality of molecular cytopathology testing on routine lung cancer smears

Personalized/precision medicine requires the rapid, cost-effective, and reliable tissue-based assessment of clinically validated predictive biomarkers. In particular, modern thoracic oncology has deeply transformed the way in which we practice lung cytopathology. The initial perception that cytological samples were merely sufficient for a generic microscopic diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whereas molecular analysis could only be applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material now has been completely overcome. By coupling microscopy with biomarker characterization, cytology can guide targeted therapy for NSCLC. In individuals with locally advanced or metastatic disease, when patients are not surgical candidates, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is an ideal minimally invasive approach to inform targeted lung cancer therapy decisions. The study by Guseva et al, published in this issue of Cancer Cytopathology, represents a step ahead to maximize the informativeness of cytological smears. Indeed, treatment paradigms for patients with advanced lung cancer are well established. If the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene demonstrates an activating (sensitizing) mutation, the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib (Iressa; AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom) and erlotinib (Tarceva; Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland) or the secondgeneration TKI afatinib (Giotrif; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany) should be given as first-line therapy. Similarly, the TKI crizotinib (Xalkori, Pfizer, New York, New York) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the first-line treatment setting of patients harboring abnormal fusion of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene or of the ROS proto-oncogene 1, tyrosine kinase (ROS1). Conversely, in the absence of an actionable oncogenic driver mutation, lung cancer can be targeted by immunotherapy, and the 2017 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend testing for programmed deathligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells at the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC. To this end, the Food and Drug Administration approved a reliable and reproducible immunohistochemical (IHC) companion diagnostic test for identifying patients who respond to checkpoint inhibitors. A tumor PD-L1 score of at least 50% allows for first-line treatment with pembrolizumab (Keytruda; Merck, Kenilworth, New Jersey), whereas in patients with any PD-L1 immunocytochemistry (ICC) staining ( 1%), second-line immunotherapy could be planned. However, the clinical implication of a PD-L1 expression value that is near the cutoff may be debatable because patients who score just below a threshold may not have the prospect of a response that is far more diverse compared with that of those who score just above the threshold. In addition, several clones raised against
Wind Roche-lobe overflow: Application to carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars

Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (CEMP) are observed as a substantial fraction of the very metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo. Most CEMP stars are also enriched in s-process elements and these are often found in binary systems. This suggests that the carbon enrichment is due to mass transfer in the past from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star on to a low-mass companion. Models of binary population synthesis are not able to reproduce the observed fraction of CEMP stars without invoking non-standard nucleosynthesis or a substantial change in the initial mass function. This is interpreted as evidence of missing physical ingredients in the models. Recent hydrodynamical simulations show that e cient wind mass transfer is possible in the case of the slow and dense winds typical of AGB stars through a mechanism called wind Roche-lobe overflow (WRLOF), which lies in between the canonical Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL) accretion and Roche-lobe overflow. WRLOF has an e ect on the accretion e ciency of mass transfer and on the angular momentum lost by the binary system. The aim of this work is to understand the overall e ect of WRLOF on the population of CEMP stars. To simulate populations of low-metallicity binaries we combined a synthetic nucleosynthesis model with a binary population synthesis code. In this code we implemented the WRLOF mechanism. We used the results of hydrodynamical simulations to model the e ect of WRLOF on the accretion e ciency and we took the e ect on the angular momentum loss into account by assuming a simple prescription. The combination of these two e ects widens the range of systems that become CEMP stars towards longer initial orbital periods and lower mass secondary stars. As a consequence the number of CEMP stars predicted by our model increases by a factor 1:2 1:8 compared to earlier results that consider the BHL prescription. Moreover, higher enrichments of carbon are produced and the final orbital period distribution is shifted towards shorter periods.
Larval Tolerance to Salinity in Three Species of Australian Anuran: An Indication of Saline Specialisation in Litoria aurea

Recent anthropogenic influences on freshwater habitats are forcing anuran populations to rapidly adapt to high magnitude changes in environmental conditions or face local extinction. We examined the effects of ecologically relevant elevated salinity levels on larval growth, metamorphosis and survival of three species of Australian anuran; the spotted marsh frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis), the painted burrowing frog (Neobatrachus sudelli) and the green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea), in order to better understand the responses of these animals to environmental change. Elevated salinity (16% seawater) negatively impacted on the survival of L. tasmaniensis (35% survival) and N sudelli (0% survival), while reduced salinity had a negative impact on L. aurea. (16% seawater: 85% survival; 0.4% seawater: 35% survival). L. aurea tadpoles survived in salinities much higher than previously reported for this species, indicating the potential for inter-populations differences in salinity tolerance. In L. tasmaniensis and L. aurea, development to metamorphosis was fastest in low and high salinity treatments suggesting it is advantageous for tadpoles to invest energy in development in both highly favourable and developmentally challenging environments. We propose that this response might either maximise potential lifetime fecundity when tadpoles experience favourable environments, or, facilitate a more rapid escape from pond environments where there is a reduced probability of survival.
PERF: an exhaustive algorithm for ultra‐fast and efficient identification of microsatellites from large DNA sequences

Motivation: Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are short tandem repeats of DNA motifs present in all genomes. They have long been used for a variety of purposes in the areas of population genetics, genotyping, marker‐assisted selection and forensics. Numerous studies have highlighted their functional roles in genome organization and gene regulation. Though several tools are currently available to identify SSRs from genomic sequences, they have significant limitations. Results: We present a novel algorithm called PERF for extremely fast and comprehensive identification of microsatellites from DNA sequences of any size. PERF is several fold faster than existing algorithms and uses up to 5‐fold lesser memory. It provides a clean and flexible command‐line interface to change the default settings, and produces output in an easily‐parseable tab‐separated format. In addition, PERF generates an interactive and stand‐alone HTML report with charts and tables for easy downstream analysis. Availability and implementation: PERF is implemented in the Python programming language. It is freely available on PyPI under the package name perf_ssr, and can be installed directly using pip or easy_install. The documentation of PERF is available at https://github.com/rkmlab/perf. The source code of PERF is deposited in GitHub at https://github.com/rkmlab/perf under an MIT license. Contact: tej@ccmb.res.in Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A multisensor approach to improve manometric analysis of the upper esophageal sphincter

High‐resolution manometry (HRM) improves on previous manometric systems by including a greater number of sensors that are more densely placed. Due to deglutitive movement of the HRM catheter and upper esophageal sphincter (UES), it is unclear which HRM sensors capture pressure in the UES. To address this issue, we present two complementary studies to describe UES pressure patterns using HRM + videofluoroscopy and HRM + electromyography (EMG).
Isotopic production cross sections in proton-nucleus collisions at 200 MeV

Intermediate-mass fragments from the interaction of $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$, and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ with 200-MeV protons were measured in an angular range from ${20}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$ to ${120}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$ in the laboratory system. The fragments, ranging from isotopes of helium up to isotopes of carbon, were isotopically resolved. Double-differential cross sections, energy-differential cross sections, and total cross sections were extracted.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Acclimation to Temperature and Light Stress in Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae)

Kelps, brown algae of the order Laminariales, dominate rocky shores and form huge kelp beds which provide habitat and nurseries for various marine organisms. Whereas the basic physiological and ecophysiological characteristics of kelps are well studied, the molecular processes underlying acclimation to different light and temperature conditions are still poorly understood. Therefore we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological acclimation to light and temperature stress. Sporophytes of S. latissima were exposed to combinations of light intensities and temperatures, and microarray hybridizations were performed to determine changes in gene expression patterns. This first large-scale transcriptomic study of a kelp species shows that S. latissima responds to temperature and light stress with a multitude of transcriptional changes: up to 32% of genes showed an altered expression after the exposure experiments. High temperature had stronger effects on gene expression in S. latissima than low temperature, reflected by the higher number of temperature-responsive genes. We gained insights into underlying molecular processes of acclimation, which includes adjustment of the primary metabolism as well as induction of several ROS scavengers and a sophisticated regulation of Hsps. We show that S. latissima, as a cold adapted species, must make stronger efforts for acclimating to high than to low temperatures. The strongest response was caused by the combination of high temperatures with high light intensities, which proved most harmful for the alga.
Gaze Estimation Method Using Analysis of Electrooculogram Signals and Kinect Sensor

A gaze estimation system is one of the communication methods for severely disabled people who cannot perform gestures and speech. We previously developed an eye tracking method using a compact and light electrooculogram (EOG) signal, but its accuracy is not very high. In the present study, we conducted experiments to investigate the EOG component strongly correlated with the change of eye movements. The experiments in this study are of two types: experiments to see objects only by eye movements and experiments to see objects by face and eye movements. The experimental results show the possibility of an eye tracking method using EOG signals and a Kinect sensor.
Strain and Opportunity: A Theory of Repeat Victimization

General strain theory is often applied to explain the origin of deviant behavior, while the risky lifestyles and opportunities perspective is often used to examine the ongoing risk for victimization. However, given evidence that the delinquent coping mechanisms operationalized by the general strain tests and the risky behaviors measured in the risky lifestyles models are often the same behaviors, the current study argues that these two models can be constructed as a uniform framework to explain the onset and continuity of victimization, including involvement in delinquency, from childhood through adolescence. Experiences of child maltreatment are posited to trigger feelings of negative emotions more likely managed with forms of coping that can foster opportunities for suffering further victimization. Using data from the first three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), the results show that youth who adopt maladaptive forms of coping with childhood abuse and neglect, including engaging in substance abuse, running away from home, and drug selling, are at further risk for subsequent experiences of victimization in adolescence. However, the model provides only one pathway linking child maltreatment to adolescent victimization, and the strength of support varies based on the measures of negative emotions and coping strategies.
Testing of autonomous vehicles using surrogate models and stochastic optimization

Advancement in testing and verification methodologies is one of the key requirements for the commercialization and standardization of autonomous driving. Even though great progress has been made, the main challenges encountered during testing of autonomous vehicles, e.g., high number of test scenarios, huge parameter space and long simulation runs, still remain. In order to reduce current testing efforts, we propose an innovative method based on surrogate models in combination with stochastic optimization. The approach presents an iterative zooming-in algorithm aiming to minimize a given cost function and to identify faulty behavior regions within the parameter space. The surrogate model is updated in each iteration and is further used for intensive evaluation tasks, such as exploration and optimization.
Robust structure and motion recovery for monocular vision systems with noisy measurements

ABSTRACT This study proposes a novel complete-order nonlinear structure and motion observer for monocular vision systems subjected to significant measurement noise. In contrast with previous studies that assume noise-free measurements, and require prior knowledge of either the relative motion of the camera or scene geometry, the proposed scheme assumes a single component of linear velocity as known. Under a persistency of excitation condition, the observer then relies on filtered estimates of optical flow to yield exponentially convergent estimates of the unknown motion parameters and feature depth that converge to a uniform, ultimate bound in the presence of measurement noise. The unknown linear and angular velocities are assumed to be generated using an imperfectly known model that incorporates a bounded uncertainty, and optical flow estimation is accomplished using a robust differentiator that is based on the sliding-mode technique. Numerical results are used to validate and demonstrate superior observer performance compared to an alternative leading design in the presence of model uncertainty and measurement noise.
Flexible, Graphene‐Coated Biocomposite for Highly Sensitive, Real‐Time Molecular Detection

Wearable biosensors hold significant potential for healthcare and environmental applications, and the development of flexible and biocompatible sensing platforms for high accuracy detection of physiological biomarkers remains an elusive goal. Herein, an ultrasensitive, flexible sensor is described that is based on a 3D hierarchical biocomposite comprised of hollow, natural pollen microcapsules that are coated with a conductive graphene layer. Modular assembly of the graphene‐coated microcapsules onto an ultrathin polyethylene terephthalate layer enables a highly flexible sensor configuration with tunable selectivity afforded by subsequent covalent immobilization of antibodies against target antigens. In a proof‐of‐concept example, the biosensor demonstrates ultrahigh sensitivity detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) down to 1.7 × 10−15m with real‐time feedback and superior performance over conventional 2D graphene‐coated sensors. Importantly, the device performance is consistently high across various bending conditions. Taken together, the results demonstrated in this work highlight the merits of employing lightweight biocomposites as modular building blocks for the design of flexible biosensors with highly responsive and sensitive molecular detection capabilities.
Inhibition of Type 1 Cytokine–mediated Inflammation by a Soluble CD30 Homologue Encoded by Ectromelia (Mousepox) Virus

CD30 is up-regulated in several human diseases and viral infections but its role in immune regulation is poorly understood. Here, we report the expression of a functional soluble CD30 homologue, viral CD30 (vCD30), encoded by ectromelia (mousepox) virus, a poxvirus that causes a severe disease related to human smallpox. We show that vCD30 is a 12-kD secreted protein that not only binds CD30L with high affinity and prevents its interaction with CD30, but it also induces reverse signaling in cells expressing CD30L. vCD30 blocked the generation of interferon γ–producing cells in vitro and was a potent inhibitor of T helper cell (Th)1- but not Th2-mediated inflammation in vivo. The finding of a CD30 homologue encoded by ectromelia virus suggests a role for CD30 in antiviral defense. Characterization of the immunological properties of vCD30 has uncovered a role of CD30–CD30L interactions in the generation of inflammatory responses.
A direct method for photoacoustic tomography with inhomogeneous sound speed

The standard approach for photoacoustic imaging with variable speed of sound is time reversal, which consists of solving a well-posed final-boundary value problem for the wave equation backwards in time. This paper investigates the iterative Landweber regularization algorithm, where convergence is guaranteed by standard regularization theory, notably also in cases of trapping sound speed or for short measurement times. We formulate and solve the direct and inverse problem on the whole Euclidean space, which is common in standard photoacoustic imaging, but not for time reversal algorithms, where the problems are considered on a domain enclosed by the measurement devices. We formulate both the direct and adjoint photoacoustic operator as the solution of an interior and an exterior differential equation which are coupled by transmission conditions. The former is solved numerically using a Galerkin scheme in space and finite difference discretization in time, while the latter consists of solving a boundary integral equation. We therefore use a boundary element method/finite element method approach for numerical solution of the forward operators. We analyze this method, prove convergence, and provide numerical tests. Moreover, we compare the approach to time reversal.
Exploring Whole-Body Interaction and Design for Museums

Museums increasingly use digital technology to enhance exhibition experiences for families, notably in relation to physically mediated installations for young children through natural user interfaces. Yet little is known about how families and children engage with such installations and the kinds of interactive experiences they engender in museum spaces. This paper addresses a pressing need for research to adopt an analytical focus on the body during such digitally mediated interactions in order to understand how bodily interaction contributes to meaning making in the museum context. It reports an observation study of families and children interacting with a whole-body interface (using Kinect) in the context of an installation in a museum exhibit on rare Chinese paintings. The study shows how the installation design engenders particular forms of bodily interaction, collaboration and meaning making. It also contributes design insights into whole-body interaction installations in museums and public spaces.