Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Clinical Feature and Management of Laryngeal Fracture: Recent 22 Case Review

Purpose Laryngeal fracture is rare, but complications are frequent and severe. Controversy still exists in regards to its proper management. The aim of this study was to present the clinical findings and management of laryngeal fracture in Korea. Materials and Methods We analyzed the medical records of 22 patients with laryngeal fracture at a tertiary care trauma center from 2000 to 2010 retrospectively. Results In total, 22 patients (19 men and 3 woman) presented with laryngeal fractures caused by blunt (n=13) or penetrating (n=9) injury. Pain (68.1%), odynophagia (68.1%), hoarseness (18.1%), hemoptysis (13.6%), and subcutaneous emphysema (9%) were the common presenting symptoms and noncomminuted fracture was common. High velocity blunt trauma (mostly traffic accidents) patients had more extensive injury and poor voice outcomes. Penetrating trauma patients due to physical assault or suicide attempt demonstrated more frequently injuries on the left side. Conclusion In driver-caused traffic accidents, where injuries in a wide area within the larynx occurred, poor voice results were seen, and these injuries required aggressive treatment. When endotracheal intubation was performed at experienced emergency centers with fiberoptic laryngoscopes, airway management was safely achieved. In addition, if the fractured laryngeal framework was corrected at appropriate times, voice results were good.
Mental Health Problems among the Survivors in the Hard-Hit Areas of the Yushu Earthquake

Background On April 14, 2010, an earthquake registering 7.1 on the Richter scale shook Qinghai Province in southwest China. The earthquake caused numerous casualties and much damage. The epicenter, Yushu County, suffered the most severe damage. As a part of the psychological relief work, the present study evaluated the mental health statuses of the people affected and identified the mental disorder risk factors related to earthquakes. Methods Five hundred and five earthquake survivors living in Yushu County were investigated 3–4 months after the earthquake. Participant demographic data including gender, age, marital status, ethnicity, educational level, and religious beliefs were collected. The Earthquake-Specific Trauma Exposure Indicators assessed the intensity of exposure to trauma during the earthquake. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) assessed the symptoms and prevalence rates of probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as well as anxiety and depression, respectively. The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) evaluated subjective social support. Results The prevalence rates of probable PTSD, anxiety, and depression were 33.7%, 43.8% and 38.6%, respectively. Approximately one fifth of participants suffered from all three conditions. Individuals who were female, felt initial fear during the earthquake, and had less social support were the most likely to have poor mental health. Conclusions The present study revealed that there are serious mental problems among the hard–hit survivors of the Yushu earthquake. Survivors at high risk for mental disorders should be specifically considered. The present study provides useful information for rebuilding and relief work.
A knowledge-centered culture as an antecedent of effective knowledge management at information technology centers in the Jordanian universities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to, first, investigate the cultural attributes of organizations that may have an effect on knowledge‐related activities. Second, to build a case based on the literatures of knowledge management and learning which suggests that the phenomenon of cooperative learning may serve as an indicator of the existence of knowledge‐related activities such as knowledge creation and knowledge exchange. Finally, the paper seeks a better understanding of the linkages between these attributes and individual characteristics related to the development and transfer of knowledge throughout the enterprise, and ultimately, the organization's work products.Design/methodology/approach – The approach of this study consists of two phases: first, development of a conceptual model based on the literature. Second, the hypothesized research model is presented and empirically tested by utilizing multiple regression analysis and simple regression analysis to investigate the climate of organizations,.
ASCA and Ginga Observations of GX 1+4

The X-ray binary pulsar GX 1+4 was observed with Ginga every year from 1987 to 1991 and with ASCA in 1994. During the Ginga observations, GX 1+4 was in the steady spin-down phase, although the X-ray flux was not steady. Assuming a distance of 10 kpc, the absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity decreased down to L2−20 keV=2.7×1036 ergs s-1 in 1991, after the peak activity of L2−20 keV=1.2×1037 ergs s-1 in 1989. On the other hand, the absorption column density showed a drastic increase over the Ginga observation series. It was less than 1023 cm-2 at the beginning of the series, and it reached a maximum of (1.4±0.2)×1024 cm-2 in 1991, indicating a rapid accumulation of matter in the vicinity of the source. The center energy and equivalent width of the iron line were consistent with emission by isotropically distributed cold matter. The ASCA observation was performed on 1994 September 15, a month before the transition into a spin-up phase. The source brightened again to L2−20 keV=1037 ergs s-1. The absorption column density was observed to decrease for the first time to (2.08±0.02)×1023 cm-2. The ionization degree of iron in the absorbing matter was determined to be Fe I-Fe IV using the ratio of the line-center energy to the absorption-edge energy. The low ionization degree is consistent with an absorbing matter distribution extending ~1012 cm from the source. We compared the results with optical observations and found that the optical data also supports the picture. Based on the geometrical model, possible causes of the bimodal behavior of the source are discussed.
Physiological Patterns of Electrical Stimulation Can Induce Neuronal Gene Expression by Activating N-Type Calcium Channels

Activity-dependent neuronal gene expression is thought to require activation of L-type calcium channels, a view based primarily on studies in which chronic potassium (K+) depolarization was used to mimic neuronal activity. However, N-type calcium channels are primarily inactivated during chronic depolarization, and their potential contribution to gene expression induced by physiological patterns of stimulation has not been defined. In the present study, electrical stimulation of dissociated primary sensory neurons at 5 Hz, or treatment with elevated K+, produced a large increase in the percentage of neurons that express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and protein. However, blockade of L-type channels, which completely inhibited K+-induced expression, had no effect on TH expression induced by patterned stimulation. Conversely, blockade of N-type channels completely inhibited TH induction by patterned stimulation, whereas K+-induced expression was unaffected. Similar results were obtained for depolarization-induced expression of the immediate early genes Nurr1 andNur77. In addition, TH induction by patterned stimulation was significantly reduced by inhibitors of PKA and PKC but was unaffected by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. On the other hand, K+-induced TH expression was significantly reduced by inhibition of the MAPK pathway but was unaffected by inhibitors of PKA or PKC. These results demonstrate that N-type calcium channels can directly link phasic membrane depolarization to gene expression, challenging the view that activation of L-type channels is required for nuclear responses to physiological patterns of activity. Moreover, our data show that phasic and chronic depolarizing stimuli act through distinct mechanisms to induce neuronal gene expression.
Ecological release from interspecific competition leads to decoupled changes in population and individual niche width

A species's niche width reflects a balance between the diversifying effects of intraspecific competition and the constraining effects of interspecific competition. This balance shifts when a species from a competitive environment invades a depauperate habitat where interspecific competition is reduced. The resulting ecological release permits population niche expansion, via increased individual niche widths and/or increased among-individual variation. We report an experimental test of the theory of ecological release in three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We factorially manipulated the presence or absence of two interspecific competitors: juvenile cut-throat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and prickly sculpin (Cottus asper). Consistent with the classic niche variation hypothesis, release from trout competition increased stickleback population niche width via increased among-individual variation, while individual niche widths remained unchanged. In contrast, release from sculpin competition had no effect on population niche width, because increased individual niche widths were offset by decreased between-individual variation. Our results confirm that ecological release from interspecific competition can lead to increases in niche width, and that these changes can occur on behavioural time scales. Importantly, we find that changes in population niche width are decoupled from changes in the niche widths of individuals within the population.
Comment on "A New Method of Spectral Analysis and Its Application to the Earth's Free Oscillations' The "Sompi" Method"

The "Sompi" method of Hori et al. [1989] (henceforth H89) is an autoregressive (AR) method for finding the exponentially decaying/growing sinusoidal components (henceforth simply "sinusolds") in a time series corrupted by noise. H89 made numerous references to an earlier study by Chao and Gilbert [1980] (henceforth CG80), which has described a similar spectral analysis method genetically (and perhaps a bit unfortunately) called the "AR" method. Both methods were applied in the two papers to study the Earth's free oscillation records. In this commentary I will contrast the two methods, since the comparisons made by H89 are superficial and can be misleading. For clarity, I will call CG80's "AR" method the "AR-FD"method (where FD stands for frequency domain; see below). Both methods follow the same three-tier procedure' First, they estimate, in some optimal fashion, a set of 2M realvalued AR coefficients that can numerically describe the sinusoids in the time series in terms of the AR model (of order 2M). Once obtained, these 2M AR coefficients can be converted into the complex frequencies (frequencies and decay/growth rates) of M sinusolds through a neat analytic relation, which can be traced back to Prony [1795] (H89 failed to acknowledge the well-known Prony's method). Finally, knowing the complex frequencies, the complex amplitudes (amplitudes and phases) of the sinusoids can be estimated through a straightforward least squares procedure. The Sompi and the AR-FD methods differ only in the first step: specifically, in the optimization criterion used in determining the AR coefficients. To be sure, as H89 points out, the two methods become identical in the absence of noise. However, in the presence of noise, the more conventional criterion adopted by the AR-FD method is shown by H89 to be more prone to the noise and hence inferior to the Sompi criterion. H89 reached this conclusion through a series of numerical experiments which examine the recoverability of two synthetic sinusoids corrupted by noise (results summarized in Figure 1 of H89). Inasmuch as being numerically valid in comparing the two criteria (but see the final paragraph below), these experiments are misleading because the AR-FD method was grossly misrepresented in the compari-
A differential requirement for SUMOylation in proliferating and non-proliferating cells during Drosophila development

SUMOylation is a highly conserved post-translational modification shown to modulate target protein activity in a wide variety of cellular processes. Although the requirement for SUMO modification of specific substrates has received significant attention in vivo and in vitro, the developmental requirements for SUMOylation at the cell and tissue level remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in Drosophila melanogaster, both heterodimeric components of the SUMO E1-activating enzyme are zygotically required for mitotic progression but are dispensable for cell viability, homeostasis and DNA synthesis in non-dividing cells. Explaining the lack of more pleiotropic effects following a global block of SUMO conjugation, we further demonstrate that low levels of global substrate SUMOylation are detected in mutants lacking either or both E1 subunits. These results not only suggest that minimal SUMOylation persists in the absence of Aos1/Uba2, but also show that the process of cell division is selectively sensitive to reductions in global SUMOylation. Supporting this view, knockdown of SUMO or its E1 and E2 enzymes robustly disrupts proliferating cells in the developing eye, without any detectable effects on the development or differentiation of neighboring post-mitotic cells.
Fine Particulate Matter in Urban Environments: A Trigger of Respiratory Symptoms in Sensitive Children

The overall objective of this research was to study children’s respiratory illness levels in Targoviste (Romania) in relationship to the outdoor concentrations of airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 µm (PM2.5). We monitored and analysed the PM2.5 concentrations according to a complex experimental protocol. The health trial was conducted over three months (October–December 2015) and required the active cooperation of the children’s parents to monitor carefully the respiratory symptoms of the child, i.e., coughing, rhinorrhoea, wheezing, and fever, as well as their outdoor program. We selected the most sensitive children (n = 25; age: 2–10 years) with perturbed respiratory health, i.e., wheezing, asthma, and associated symptoms. The estimated average PM2.5 doses were 0.8–14.5 µg·day−1 for weekdays, and 0.4–6.6 µg·day−1 for the weekend. The frequency and duration of the symptoms decreased with increasing age. The 4- to 5-year old children recorded the longest duration of symptoms, except for rhinorrhoea, which suggested that this age interval is the most vulnerable to exogenous trigger agents (p < 0.01) compared to the other age groups. PM2.5 air pollution was found to have a direct positive correlation with the number of wheezing episodes (r = 0.87; p < 0.01) in November 2015. Monitoring of wheezing occurrences in the absence of fever can provide a reliable assessment of the air pollution effect on the exacerbation of asthma and respiratory disorders in sensitive children.
Optical overlay NUCA: A high speed substrate for shared L2 caches

In this paper, we propose to use optical NOCs to design cache access protocols for large shared L2 caches. We observe that the problem is unique because optical networks have very low latency, and in principle all the cache banks are very close to each other. A naive approach is to broadcast a request to a set of banks that might possibly contain the copy of a block. However, this approach is wasteful in terms of energy and bandwidth. Hence, we propose a novel scheme in this paper, TSI, which proposes to create a set of virtual networks (overlays) of cache banks over a physical optical NOC. We search for a block inside each overlay using a combination of multicast and unicast messages. We additionally create support for our overlay networks by proposing optimizations to the previously proposed R-SWMR network. We also propose a set of novel hardware structures for creating and managing overlays, and for efficiently locating blocks in the overlay. The performance of the TSI scheme is within 2-3% of a broadcast scheme, and it is faster than traditional static NUCA schemes by 50%. As compared to the broadcast scheme it reduces the number of accesses, and consequently the dynamic energy by 20-30%.
Nucleus Z, the medullary relay in the projection path to the cerebral cortex of group I muscle afferents from the cat's hind limb

1. The medullary relay of hind limb muscle afferents was studied in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. Evoked potentials were recorded from the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata and from the depth of the medulla with penetrating micro‐electrodes. Graded electrical stimulation of the muscle nerves was used. The afferent volley was monitored by recordings from the lumbar dorsal roots or from the peripheral nerves.
Rapid mapping of visual receptive fields by filtered back projection: application to multi-neuronal electrophysiology and imaging

To understand vision, we must measure the spatio‐temporal receptive field of neurons in the visual system. We describe how the filtered back projection can be used to map the receptive fields of many neurons simultaneously, within a few minutes. This method can also reveal complex features of visual receptive fields such as the tuning of orientation selective neurons and the contributions from separate ON and OFF components. We demonstrate that the filtered back projection is suited to mapping receptive fields from populations of neurons recorded with imaging or electrophysiology and should therefore prove useful for investigations of visual processing throughout the visual pathway.
On Mismatch between Initializations at Coder/Decoder in Quantized Control

Abstract This paper analyzes the stability of linear systems with quantized feedback in the presence of a mismatch between the initial conditions at the coder and decoder. Under the assumption of the prefect channel, we show that using the scheme proposed in [Liberzon, Nesic (2007)] it is possible to achieve global exponential stability of linear systems with quantized feedback when the coder and decoder are initialized at different initial conditions.
Classification by Rough Set Reducts, AdaBoost and SVM

Most classification studies are done by using all the objects data. It is expected to classify objects by using some subsets data in the total data. A rough set based reduct is a minimal subset of features, which has almost the same discernible power as the entire conditional features. Here, we propose a greedy algorithm to compute a set of rough set reducts which is followed by the k-nearest neighbor to classify documents. To improve the classification performance, reducts-kNN with confidence was developed. These proposed rough set reduct based methods are compared with the classification by AdaBoost and SVM(Support Vector Machine) methods. Experiments have been conducted on some benchmark datasets from the Reuters 21578 data set.
Upregulation of HLA Expression in Primary Uveal Melanoma by Infiltrating Leukocytes

Introduction Uveal melanoma (UM) with an inflammatory phenotype, characterized by infiltrating leukocytes and increased human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, carry an increased risk of death due to metastases. These tumors should be ideal for T-cell based therapies, yet it is not clear why prognostically-infaust tumors have a high HLA expression. We set out to determine whether the level of HLA molecules in UM is associated with other genetic factors, HLA transcriptional regulators, or microenvironmental factors. Methods 28 enucleated UM were used to study HLA class I and II expression, and several regulators of HLA by immunohistochemistry, PCR microarray, qPCR and chromosome SNP-array. Fresh tumor samples of eight primary UM and four metastases were compared to their corresponding xenograft in SCID mice, using a PCR microarray and SNP array. Results Increased expression levels of HLA class I and II showed no dosage effect of chromosome 6p, but, as expected, were associated with monosomy of chromosome 3. Increased HLA class I and II protein levels were positively associated with their gene expression and with raised levels of the peptide-loading gene TAP1, and HLA transcriptional regulators IRF1, IRF8, CIITA, and NLRC5, revealing a higher transcriptional activity in prognostically-bad tumors. Implantation of fresh human tumor samples into SCID mice led to a loss of infiltrating leukocytes, and to a decreased expression of HLA class I and II genes, and their regulators. Conclusion Our data provides evidence for a proper functioning HLA regulatory system in UM, offering a target for T-cell based therapies.
Effect of hypoxia on pulmonary blood flow-segmental vascular resistance relationship in perfused cat lungs.

To investigate the effect of alveolar hypoxia on the pulmonary blood flow-segmental vascular resistance relationship, we determined the longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance while increasing blood flow during hyperoxia or hypoxia in perfused cat lungs. We measured microvascular pressures by the micropipette servo-null method, partitioned the pulmonary vessels into three segments [i.e., arterial (from main pulmonary artery to 30- to 50-micron arterioles), venous (from 30- to 50-micron venules to left atrium), and microvascular (between arterioles and venules) segments] and calculated segmental vascular resistance. During hyperoxia, total resistance decreased with increased blood flow because of a reduction of microvascular resistance. In contrast, during hypoxia, not only microvascular resistance but also arterial resistance decreased with increase of blood flow while venous resistance remained unchanged. The reduction of arterial resistance was presumably caused by arterial distension induced by an elevated arterial pressure during hypoxia. We conclude that, during hypoxia, both microvessels and arteries >50 micron in diameter play a role in preventing further increases in total pulmonary vascular resistance with increased blood flow.
Stationary Solutions of Driven Fourth- and Sixth-Order Cahn--Hilliard-Type Equations

New types of stationary solutions of a one-dimensional driven sixth-order Cahn–Hilliard-type equation that arises as a model for epitaxially growing nanostructures, such as quantum dots, are derived by an extension of the method of matched asymptotic expansions that retains exponentially small terms. This method yields analytical expressions for far-field behavior as well as the widths of the humps of these spatially nonmonotone solutions in the limit of small driving force strength, which is the deposition rate in case of epitaxial growth. These solutions extend the family of the monotone kink and antikink solutions. The hump spacing is related to solutions of the Lambert W function. Using phase-space analysis for the corresponding fifth-order dynamical system, we use a numerical technique that enables the efficient and accurate tracking of the solution branches, where the asymptotic solutions are used as initial input. Additionally, our approach is first demonstrated for the related but simpler driven f.
Bistability between a stationary and an oscillatory dynamo in a turbulent flow of liquid sodium

We report the first experimental observation of a bistable dynamo regime. A turbulent flow of liquid sodium is generated between two disks in the von Kármán geometry (VKS experiment). When one disk is kept at rest, bistability is observed between a stationary and an oscillatory magnetic field. The stationary and oscillatory branches occur in the vicinity of a codimension-two bifurcation that results from the coupling between two modes of magnetic field. We present an experimental study of the two regimes and study in detail the region of bistability that we understand in terms of dynamical system theory. Despite the very turbulent nature of the flow, the bifurcations of the magnetic field are correctly described by a low-dimensional model. In addition, the different regimes are robust; i.e. turbulent fluctuations do not drive any transition between the oscillatory and stationary states in the region of bistability.