Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular control of aerodynamic forces and moments in the blowfly, Calliphora vicina

SUMMARY Flies are among the most agile of flying insects, a capacity that ultimately results from their nervous system's control over steering muscles and aerodynamic forces during flight. In order to investigate the relationships among neuromuscular control, musculo-skeletal mechanics and flight forces, we captured high-speed, three-dimensional wing kinematics of the blowfly, Calliphora vicina, while simultaneously recording electromyogram signals from prominent steering muscles during visually induced turns. We used the quantified kinematics to calculate the translational and rotational components of aerodynamic forces and moments using a theoretical quasi-steady model of force generation, confirmed using a dynamically scaled mechanical model of a Calliphora wing. We identified three independently controlled features of the wingbeat trajectory – downstroke deviation, dorsal amplitude and mode. Modulation of each of these kinematic features corresponded to both activity in a distinct steering muscle group and a distinct manipulation of the aerodynamic force vector. This functional specificity resulted from the independent control of downstroke and upstroke forces rather than the independent control of separate aerodynamic mechanisms. The predicted contributions of each kinematic feature to body lift, thrust, roll, yaw and pitch are discussed.
Depressive Symptoms Among Hospitalized Patients in Israel

Depressive symptoms are common among hospitalized patients and can indicate more serious problems. This study examined the level of depressive symptoms among patients in one hospital in Jerusalem, the variables related to depression, and the extent to which social workers provided services to those patients. Over 60% of patients reported high levels of depressive symptoms. Levels were higher among Arabs, those with lower income, small social networks, stronger locus of control (powerful others), weaker internal locus of control, and low emotional support from staff. Social workers were in contact with 44% of patients who had high levels of depressive symptoms.
Neuroimage: Clinical Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test Scores Can Be Predicted from Whole Brain Mri in Alzheimer's Disease a R T I C L E I N F O

A B S T R A C T Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is a powerful neuropsychological tool for testing episodic memory , which is widely used for the cognitive assessment in dementia and pre-dementia conditions. Several studies have shown that an impairment in RAVLT scores reflect well the underlying pathology caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), thus making RAVLT an effective early marker to detect AD in persons with memory complaints. We investigated the association between RAVLT scores (RAVLT Immediate and RAVLT Percent Forgetting) and the structural brain atrophy caused by AD. The aim was to comprehensively study to what extent the RAVLT scores are predictable based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data using machine learning approaches as well as to find the most important brain regions for the estimation of RAVLT scores. For this, we built a predictive model to estimate RAVLT scores from gray matter density via elastic net penalized linear regression model. The proposed approach provided highly significant cross-validated correlation between the estimated and observed RAVLT Immediate (R = 0.50) and RAVLT Percent Forgetting (R = 0.43) in a dataset consisting of 806 AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or healthy subjects. In addition, the selected machine learning method provided more accurate estimates of RAVLT scores than the relevance vector regression used earlier for the estimation of RAVLT based on MRI data. The top predictors were medial temporal lobe structures and amygdala for the estimation of RAVLT Immediate and angular gyrus, hippocampus and amygdala for the estimation of RAVLT Percent Forgetting. Further, the conversion of MCI subjects to AD in 3-years could be predicted based on either observed or estimated RAVLT scores with an accuracy comparable to MRI-based biomarkers.
ADOLESCENTS' RELATIONS WITH PARENTS AND FRIENDS IN THE SECOND INDIVIDUATION PROCESS

The purposes of the present study included designing a scale to ask adolescents in the second individuation process (Blos, 1985) the images of four target persons (mother, father, and the closest same-sex and other-sex friends), and using the resulting scale to investigate the relations between adolescents and their parents, and between adolescents and their friends. The questionnaire was completed by 821 junior and senior high school students in the early or middle stages of adolescence. From an iterated principal factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted about images of their parents : Idealization, Non-Dependence, Understanding, and Conflict, and 4 factors about images of their closest same-sex and other-sex friends : Reliability, Intimacy , Individuality, and Rivalry. The image of the adolescents' parents and of their same-sex and other-sex friends changed as the youth matured , relations between a female adolescent and her mother or closest friend were much closer than those between a male youth and his mother or closest friend. Non-Dependence on parents, and Understanding of the Mother, both accelerate Reliability and Intimacy with the same-sex friend.
“It's not just about being judged”: Interpersonal distrust uniquely contributes to social anxiety

Fears of evaluation are central to defining social anxiety disorder (SAD); notwithstanding, evidence suggests that interpersonal distrust and perceived ineffectiveness are distinct constructs, prevalent among individuals with SAD. To date, no studies have assessed the independent contributions of interpersonal distrust and perceived ineffectiveness to SAD severity beyond fears of evaluation. In total 151 community-dwelling adults (80% women) with anxiety histories completed questionnaires as part of a larger study. Hierarchal regression analyses indicated that interpersonal distrust, but not perceived ineffectiveness, contributed significant amounts of variance to SAD severity after partitioning out variance from depressive symptoms and fear of negative and positive evaluation. Concertedly, findings suggest that although fears of evaluation are seminal to SAD severity, distrust of others may also uniquely exacerbate symptoms of social anxiety. Clinical and research implications are discussed herein.
Effect of Wind Turbine Blade Rotation on Triggering Lightning: An Experimental Study

Compared with other lightning targets on the ground, the most notable feature of a wind turbine is that the blades are usually in a rotating state when lightning strikes. To study the mechanism of blade rotation influencing wind turbine on triggering lightning, lightning discharge comparison tests based on a typical 2-MW 1:30-scaled wind turbine model with an arching high-voltage electrode were conducted under different modes of stationary and rotating blades. Negative polarity switching impulses of 250/2500 μs were applied to the arching electrode. The up-and-down method was adopted for 50% discharge voltage and the discharge process was observed. The experimental results showed that under the condition of a 4 m gap, the breakdown voltage decreases and the connection point of the leaders approaches the high-voltage electrode with increasing blade speed, indicating that the wind turbine’s blade rotation enhances the triggering of lightning. The analysis showed that the blade rotation could be altering the charge distribution on the blade tip, resulting in varied ascending leader development on the blade tip, which affected the discharge development process.
Cognitive Memory: Cellular and Network Machineries and Their Top-Down Control

A brain-wide distributed network orchestrates cognitive memorizing and remembering of explicit memory (i.e., memory of facts and events). The network was initially identified in humans and is being systematically investigated in molecular/genetic, single-unit, lesion, and imaging studies in animals. The types of memory identified in humans are extended into animals as episodic-like (event) memory or semantic-like (fact) memory. The unique configurational association between environmental stimuli and behavioral context, which is likely the basis of episodic-like memory, depends on neural circuits in the medial temporal lobe, whereas memory traces representing repeated associations, which is likely the basis of semantic-like memory, are consolidated in the domain-specific regions in the temporal cortex. These regions are reactivated during remembering and contribute to the contents of a memory. Two types of retrieval signal reach the cortical representations. One runs from the frontal cortex for active (or effortful) retrieval (top-down signal), and the other spreads backward from the medial temporal lobe for automatic retrieval. By sending the top-down signal to the temporal cortex, frontal regions manipulate and organize to-be-remembered information, devise strategies for retrieval, and also monitor the outcome, with dissociated frontal regions making functionally separate contributions. The challenge is to understand the hierarchical interactions between these multiple cortical areas, not only with a correlational analysis but also with an interventional study demonstrating the causal necessity and the direction of the causality.
Les innovations et les enjeux en matière de prestation de la formation continue aux infirmières praticiennes des communautés rurales et du Nord

Ce document traite de la nécessité de fournir aux infirmières praticiennes des régions rurales la formation à distance considérée comme essentielle pour mettre à jour leurs qualifications professionnelles acquises. La méthode de prestation des cours est un élément crucial de leur succès. Les auteurs présentent et décrivent la méthode de prestation novatrice du Programme ontarien de formation des infirmières praticiennes en milieu rural, depuis l’évaluation initiale des besoins jusqu’à la mise en œuvre du programme et l’étude d’évaluation. Chaque étude repose sur un modèle de recherche utilisant plusieurs méthodes d'analyse. Les personnes interrogées ont montré une préférence pour les modalités virtuelles perçues comme étant limitées par des obstacles. Ces obstacles ont par la suite été pris en compte dans le projet pilote. Les infirmières des régions rurales reconnaissaient les avantages offerts par les technologies de l’information. La mise en œuvre a été pondérée de façon efficace en fonction de multiples modes de prestation en ligne des cours et de l’utilisation de la pédagogie constructiviste. Les résultats de ces études montent qu’il existe encore de nombreux défis à relever en ce qui concerne la prestation de la formation continue aux infirmières praticiennes des communautés rurales et du Nord.
Effect of RNA secondary structure on the kinetics of DNA synthesis catalyzed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

The effect of RNA secondary structure on the kinetics of DNA synthesis catalyzed by HIV-1 RT was determined using a 66 nucleotide RNA template containing a stable 12 base pair hairpin structure. Prior to reaching the hairpin structure, the primer elongation by RT was fast and the kinetics of polymerization was not affected by the presence of the secondary structure. Once within the regions of template secondary structure, polymerization was much slower and RT paused at five distinct sites [Suo, Z. , & Johnson, K. A. (1997) Biochemistry (manuscript submitted for publication)]. Kinetic analysis of single nucleotide incorporation at the pause sites showed polymerization occurred by both a fast phase (54-76 s-1) and a slow phase (0.07-0.4 s-1) during a single binding event. The biphasic kinetics suggests that the DNA substrates are initially bound in both productive and nonproductive states at the polymerase site of RT. The nonproductively bound DNA is slowly converted into a productive state without dissociation from the enzyme. At the pause sites, the enzyme amplitudes of the fast phase are small (4.0-15%) while the amplitudes of the slow phase are large (11-40%). In contrast, only the reaction at the fast phase was observed at the nonpause sites and the enzyme amplitudes were large (63-66%) although the nucleotide incorporation rates (62-78 s-1) are similar to the fast phase rates at the pause sites. These indicate that DNA substrates were bound predominantly nonproductively at pause sites and productively at nonpause sites. However, the overall binding affinity of DNA substrates was measured by the nitrocellulose-DEAE double filter binding assay, binding affinity at both pause sites and nonpause sites was similar (9-38 nM). This indicates that substrates are bound tightly at the large binding cleft of HIV-1, although they may not be productively bound at the polymerase active site. These results and those reported elsewhere [Suo, Z. , & Johnson, K. A. (1997) Biochemistry (manuscript submitted for publication)] are consistent with a model in which, at pause sites, HIV-1 RT remains bound to DNA substrates waiting for the melting of the next stem base pair of template secondary structure. Upon melting of the stem base pair, polymerization to fill the open template site is fast and largely irreversible, allowing RT to read through the stable hairpin structures.
A polymorphism in ACE2 is associated with a lower risk for fatal cardiovascular events in females: the MORGAM project

Angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor and the main effector molecule of the renin–angiotensin system, is known to influence inflammation, thrombosis, low-density lipoprotein oxidation and growth factors, all of which contribute to cardiovascular disease. The associations of polymorphisms in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene with cardiovascular risk have not been fully determined. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACE2 were genotyped in participants of the prospective MORGAM study (n = 5092) from five cohorts: ATBC, FINRISK, Northern Sweden, PRIME/Belfast and PRIME/France. Using a case-cohort design, associations were sought between SNPs and haplotypes with cardiovascular events during follow-up (Cox proportional hazards model). The comparison group were a subset of all MORGAM participants who were selected to ensure similar age and sex distributions among the cases and controls. The A allele of the rs2285666 SNP (HR = 0.3, p = 0.04) was significantly associated with the risk of cardiovascular death in female subjects. These findings complement those found in other studies of SNPs in the ACE2 gene in relation to cardiovascular disease risk. As females carry two copies of the ACE2 gene, and given its plausible biological role in cardiovascular disease risk, further studies of ACE2 should be prioritised.
Neural Crest Deletion of Dlx3 Leads to Major Dentin Defects through Down-regulation of Dspp*

Background: Mutations of DLX3 in humans lead to tooth defects, but normal Dlx3 function in tooth is unknown. Results: Mice lacking Dlx3 in the dental mesenchyme exhibit major dentin defects, and Dspp is a direct target of Dlx3 in odontoblasts. Conclusion: Dspp, a major component of dentin matrix, is directly regulated by Dlx3 in odontoblasts. Significance: Dspp is the first direct target of Dlx3 identified in odontoblasts. During development, Dlx3 is expressed in ectodermal appendages such as hair and teeth. Thus far, the evidence that Dlx3 plays a crucial role in tooth development comes from reports showing that autosomal dominant mutations in DLX3 result in severe enamel and dentin defects leading to abscesses and infections. However, the normal function of DLX3 in odontogenesis remains unknown. Here, we use a mouse model to demonstrate that the absence of Dlx3 in the neural crest results in major impairment of odontoblast differentiation and dentin production. Mutant mice develop brittle teeth with hypoplastic dentin and molars with an enlarged pulp chamber and underdeveloped roots. Using this mouse model, we found that dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), a major component of the dentin matrix, is strongly down-regulated in odontoblasts lacking Dlx3. Using ChIP-seq, we further demonstrate the direct binding of Dlx3 to the Dspp promoter in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays determined that Dlx3 positively regulates Dspp expression. This establishes a regulatory pathway where the transcription factor Dlx3 is essential in dentin formation by directly regulating a crucial matrix protein.
Teaching Early Readers to Self‐Monitor and Self‐Correct

Proficient readers self-monitor and self-correct to derive meaning from text. This article reviews research on how students learn to self-monitor and self-correct and describes a Reciprocal Teaching (RT) instructional routine that was successfully used with early readers to build their metacognitive processes. The RT routine included teacher modeling, guided practice with scaffolding for students to mentor each other, and independent practice in which students applied more than one source to draw inferences for self-monitoring and self-correcting. Scaffolding techniques within this process included visuals and teacher prompting to build student confidence in sharing their thought processes aloud with their peers.
Assessment of the Airway in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with 3-Dimensional Airway Computed Tomography

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to evaluate 3-dimensional airway CT for upper airway assessment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). DESIGN: Airway CT was obtained and 3-dimensional airway models were constructed prospectively for 40 patients with OSAS and 10 controls. Airway dimensions were correlated with polysomnography, and comparison was made between patients with and without OSAS. RESULTS: OSAS patients had a mean respiratory distress index of 51.9 events per hour. The mean minimum cross-sectional area (XSA) in the neutral position was 67.1 mm 2 . Minimum XSA decreased in both the inspiratory and expiratory phases to 16.3 mm 2 and 15.0 mm 2 , respectively (P < 0.001). Complete airway obstruction occurred in 1 or more phases of respiration in 28 patients. Neither airway XSA nor length of obstruction correlated with sleep apnea parameters. No statistically significant differences in airway dimensions were found between OSAS and control patients. CONCLUSIONS: Airway CT demonstrates dynamic airway obstruction in OSAS but does not correlate well with clinically important disease parameters. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;123:444-9.)
Greek Teachers’ Attitudes toward the Inclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs

The aim of this study is to examine the teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with special educational needs, in public schools and how these attitudes are influenced by their self-efficacy perceptions. The sample is comprised of 416 preschool, primary and secondary education teachers. The results show that, in general, teachers develop positive attitude toward the inclusive education. Higher self-efficacy was associated rather with their capacity to come up against negative experiences at school, than with their attitude toward disabled learners in the classroom and their ability to meet successfully the special educational needs students. The results are consistent with similar studies and reveal the need of establishing collaborative support networks in school districts and the development of teacher education programs, in order to achieve the enrichment of their knowledge and skills to address diverse needs appropriately.
Alkylation Sensitivity Screens Reveal a Conserved Cross-species Functionome

To identify genes that contribute to chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma, we conducted a synthetic lethal screen in a chemotherapy-resistant glioblastoma-derived cell line with the clinical alkylator temozolomide (TMZ) and an siRNA library tailored toward “druggable” targets. Select DNA repair genes in the screen were validated independently, confirming the DNA glycosylases uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) and A/G-specific adenine DNA glycosylase (MYH) as well as methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) to be involved in the response to high dose TMZ. The involvement of UNG and MYH is likely the result of a TMZ-induced burst of reactive oxygen species. We then compared the human TMZ sensitizing genes identified in our screen with those previously identified from alkylator screens conducted in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The conserved biologic processes across all three species compose an alkylation functionome that includes many novel proteins not previously thought to impact alkylator resistance. This high-throughput screen, validation and cross-species analysis was then followed by a mechanistic analysis of two essential nodes: base excision repair (BER) DNA glycosylases (UNG, human and mag1, S. cerevisiae) and protein modification systems, including UBE3B and ICMT in human cells or pby1, lip22, stp22 and aim22 in S. cerevisiae. The conserved processes of BER and protein modification were dual targeted and yielded additive sensitization to alkylators in S. cerevisiae. In contrast, dual targeting of BER and protein modification genes in human cells did not increase sensitivity, suggesting an epistatic relationship. Importantly, these studies provide potential new targets to overcome alkylating agent resistance. Mol Cancer Res; 10(12); 1580–96. ©2012 AACR.
Neuromuscular diseases of AIDS 1

Neuromuscular diseases are common in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the clinical incidence of peripheral neuropathy has not been systematically studied, various reports suggest that up to 40% of AIDS patients have clinical symptoms. Biopsy and autopsy studies have shown an inflammatory neuropathy with a variable component of demyelination and axonal loss. Evidence of direct involvement by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is scant. Immunosuppression followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection appears to be a direct cause of polyradiculoneuropathy and perhaps other forms of peripheral neuropathy in AIDS. The clinical incidence of myopathy in AIDS is less clear, and clinically less appreciated than the neuropathy. Scattered reports have identified an inflammatory myopathy that does not appear to be due to direct HIV infection, but could be mediated by another human retrovirus. HIV seropositive patients being treated with antiviral drugs develop a unique set of neuromuscular diseases that must be distinguished from the non‐drug‐related conditions. —Wiley, C. A. Neuromuscular diseases of AIDS. FASEB J. 3: 2503‐2511; 1989.
Lens Fiber Cell Differentiation and Denucleation Are Disrupted through Expression of the N-Terminal Nuclear Receptor Box of Ncoa6 and Result in p53-dependent and p53-independent Apoptosis

Lens fiber cell differentiation, denucleation, and abnormal apoptosis were examined through lens-specific expression of the N-terminal nuclear receptor box of NCOA6 in combination with lens-specific deletion of Ncoa6 in mice. The present data show that early apoptosis in lens fiber cells inhibits their subsequent denucleation.