Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fractional Liouville and BBGKI Equations

We consider the fractional generalizations of Liouville equation. The normalization condition, phase volume, and average values are generalized for fractional case. The interpretation of fractional analog of phase space as a space with fractal dimension and as a space with fractional measure are discussed. The fractional analogs of the Hamiltonian systems are considered as a special class of non-Hamiltonian systems. The fractional generalization of the reduced distribution functions are suggested. The fractional analogs of the BBGKI equations are derived from the fractional Liouville equation. Fractional integrals and derivatives have many applications in statistical mechanics and kinetics (1). G.M. Zaslavsky (2, 1, 3) proved that the chaotic dynamics can be described by using the Fokker-Planck equation with the coordinate fractional derivatives. The fractional Zaslavsky's equation can be used to describe dynamics on fractal (4, 5). It is known that Fokker-Planck equation can be derived from the Liouville and BBGKI equations (6, 7, 8). The Liouville equation is derived from the normalization condition and the Hamilton equations (9). In the Hamilton equations we have only the time derivatives. Therefore the usual normalization condition leads to the usual Liouville equation. The BBGKI equations can be derived from the Liouville equation and the definition of average value (17, 18, 19, 20). Therefore Zaslavsky's equation (2, 1, 3) can be derived from a fractional generalization of the Liouville and BBGKI equations. To derive the fractional generalization of the Liouville and BBGKI equations, we use a fractional generalization of normalization condition (10) and fractional generalization of the definition of average values. In these generalizations, we use the integrals of fractional order. To use these integrals we must have the physical interpretation of the fractional order of integrals. We can consider the fractional integrals as integrals for the function on a fractional space. In order to use this interpretation of the fractional integrals, we must define a fractional space. The interpretation of the fractional space is connected with fractal dimension space. We can replace the distribution on fractal with fractal mass dimension by some continuous distribution that is described by fractional integrals. This procedure is a fractional generalization of Christensen approach (11) that is averaging procedure over fractals. Suggested procedure leads to the fractional integration and differentiation to describe the distributions on fractal. The fractional integrals allow us to take into account the fractality of the distribution. The functions on fractals can be averaged and the distribution on fractal can be replaced by some "fractional" continuous distribution. In order to describe the averaged distribution on fractal with non-integer mass dimension, we must use the fractional integrals. Smoothing of the microscopic characteristics over the physically infinitesimal volume transforms the initial distribution on fractal into distribution on space with
Rapid differential diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis and primary central nervous system lymphoma by thallium-201 SPECT.

UNLABELLED This study sought to assess whether 201Tl brain SPECT can significantly reduce the time required for the differential diagnosis of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma and cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. METHODS Eighteen patients who presented with focal lesions on CT or MRI, or both, underwent 201Tl brain SPECT shortly after admission and before a CT-guided stereotactic brain biopsy. Early and delayed 201Tl uptake ratios were obtained for patients with positive 201Tl study results, and the retention index of 201Tl was calculated. RESULTS Ten patients had 11 foci of significantly increased 201Tl uptake in regions of corresponding CT/MRI lesions. Five of these patients had biopsy-proven lymphomas, one of them in two separate foci. Another patient was found to have metastatic adenocarcinoma. Three patients had a clinical course and response to radiation therapy consistent with lymphoma, and study results in another patient were considered falsely positive. Of nine patients with no 201Tl uptake in regions of CT/MRI lesions, two had biopsy findings consistent with a benign etiology, and the other seven improved clinically on antitoxoplasmosis medications alone. The overall sensitivity of 201Tl brain SPECT was 100%, and specificity was 90%. The 201Tl retention index in patients with lymphomas was significantly higher than that in patients with adenocarcinomas and nonmalignant lesions (1.35 +/- 0.16 versus 0.24 and 0.56, respectively). CONCLUSION Thallium-201 brain SPECT is a sensitive and specific method for rapid differential diagnosis of CNS lymphoma and toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. The 201Tl retention index is useful in differentiating CNS lymphomas from other malignant and nonmalignant pathologies.
Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen as an Injury Prediction Tool Among Active Adult Populations

Context: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is an assessment tool for quality of human movement. Research reports a significant difference between FMS scores of subjects who later experienced injury and those who remain uninjured. Objective: To systematically review literature related to predictive validity of the FMS. From the aggregated data, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prognostic accuracy of the FMS. Data Sources: PubMed, Ebscohost, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Review databases were searched between 1998 and February 20, 2014. Study Selection: Identified studies were reviewed in full detail to validate inclusion criteria. Seven of the 11 identified studies were included. Articles were reviewed for inclusion criteria, then bias assessment and critical analysis were conducted. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Extracted data included the following: study type, methodology, study subjects, number of subjects, injury classification definition, FMS cut score, sensitivity, specificity, odds ratios, likelihood ratios (LR), predictive values, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, and area under the curve (AUC). Results: Overall bias for the included 7 studies was low with respect to patient selection. Quality assessment scored 1 study 5 of a possible 7, 2 studies were scored 3 of 7, and 4 studies were scored 2 of 7. The meta-analysis indicated the FMS was more specific (85.7%) than sensitive (24.7%), with a positive predictive value of 42.8% and a negative predictive value of 72.5%. The area under the curve was 0.587 (LR+, 1.7; LR–, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.6-6.1) and the effect size was 0.68. Conclusion: Based on analysis of the current literature, findings do not support the predictive validity of the FMS. Methodological and statistical limitations identified threaten the ability of the research to determine the predictive validity of FMS.
Nintendo DS: A Pedagogical Approach to Teach Computer Architecture

This work reveals the benefits obtained from an innovative pedagogical experience based on the use of a game console as the platform to teach Computer Architecture. This paper shows how the selection of an appropriate platform, not only motivates students, but also helps them to acquire the theoretical concepts by means of real applications. The Nintendo DS console turns out to be a great platform to explore the structure and organization of a fully equipped computer. In this regard, a brief description of the lab sessions is presented to highlight the great potentialities
Principal support for student psychological needs: A social-psychological pathway to a healthy learning environment

Purpose Although leadership evidence highlights the importance of cooperative principal-teacher relationships, research has not looked thoroughly at the content behind principal-teacher interactions. The purpose of this paper is to use self-determination theory and organizational conversation to develop principal support for student psychological needs (PSSPN), a concept that represents principal-teacher interactions based on social and psychological factors contributing to student learning. The empirical part of the study tests the relationship between PSSPN and faculty trust in students and student self-regulated learning. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were tested with a non-experimental, correlational research design using ex post facto data. Data were collected from 3,339 students and 633 teachers in 71 schools located in a metropolitan area of a southwestern city in the USA. Hypotheses were tested with a 2-2-1 multi-level mediation model in HLM 7.0 with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Findings Principal support for student psychological needs had a positive and statistically significant relationship with faculty trust in students and self-regulated learning. Additionally faculty trust mediated the relationship between principal support for student psychological needs and self-regulated learning. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to examine school leadership by the content that is exchanged during principal-teacher interactions. Principal support for student psychological needs establishes a theoretically-based framework to study leadership conversations and to guide administrative practices. Empirical results offer encouraging evidence that the simple act of framing interactions around the science of wellbeing can be an effective resource for school principals.
Predicting daily-life antisocial behaviour in institutionalized adolescents with Transgression-related Implicit Association Tests

Abstract This study investigated whether implicit attitude (IA) and implicit self-concept (ISC) towards transgression predicted daily-life antisocial behaviour (ASB) in institutionalized adolescents. Eighty-seven adolescents completed two Implicit Association Tests (IAT) assessing IA and ISC towards transgression, and reported four times a day during eight days the intensity of their ASB. Staff members concurrently reported the intensity of each adolescent’s ASB. Adolescents filled in the Inventory for Callous-Unemotional Traits and answered a semi-structured interview assessing conduct disorder. Multilevel regression analyses confirmed that adolescents’ ISC towards transgression significantly predicted their self - and staff-reported ASB over and above conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits. However, adolescents’ IA towards transgression did not predict their ASB. Results indicate that ISC towards transgression is a reliable predictor of daily-life ASB in institutionalized adolescents. These results suggest that transgression-related ISC represents a promising target for ASB prevention in institutionalized adolescents.
Elevated Serum Levels of the CXCR3 Chemokine ITAC Are Associated With the Development of Transplant Coronary Artery Disease

Background—Human and animal studies of acute allograft rejection have implicated CCR5 and CXCR3 chemokines as causative factors. However these chemokines have not been assessed in transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD). Methods and Results—Serum levels of chemokines were measured by ELISA. Levels of ITAC/CXCL11 were found to be elevated in patients with severe TCAD compared with long-term survivors of transplantation without TCAD and with healthy volunteers who had not undergone transplantation (1.476±0.274 ng/mL, 0.926±0.466 ng/mL, and 0.741±0.321 ng/mL, respectively;P <0.05 for all comparisons to TCAD group). Immunohistochemical localization confirmed the presence of CXCR3+ mononuclear cells within lesions and the presence of the ligand, ITAC/CXCL11, on the surface of endothelial cells associated with TCAD. Conclusions—Elevated peripheral blood levels of the CXCR3 chemokine ITAC/CXCL11 are associated with severe TCAD and may serve as a marker for patients at increased risk for the development of this disease. Immunohistochemical localization of the CXCR3 chemokine ligand ITAC/CXCL11 on the endothelial surface of TCAD lesions with underlying infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells expressing CXCR3 suggests a causative role for this chemokine in the development of TCAD. The present study is one of the first to demonstrate a role for ITAC/CXCL11 in this disease.
A Meta-Analysis of Classification Methods

1. Aim of the project Supervised classification has a substantial history, but has recently progressed dramatically as a result of the advent of the computer, and is now considered as one of the main components of the relatively new field of data-mining. Numerous methods have been designed in the past twenty years or so, but by different communities who had different approaches and interests. Comparative studies have thus been carried out to assess the relative merits of the methods. Perhaps paradoxically, however, there is still little understanding of the circumstances under which certain methods will perform better than others. Providing some elements of such an understanding was our initial and ideal goal.
Review Article Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor plus Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dual Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Synergy or Antagonism?

There has been an intensive effort to develop novel therapies for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies panitumumab and cetuximab and the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab have demonstrated clinical efficacy and acceptable toxicity in the treatment of mCRC as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy. Recent clinical trials have explored the efficacy and safety of treatment regimens incorporating chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab and either panitumumab or cetuximab in patients with mCRC. Results from the BOND-2 trial, which investigated cetuximab, bevacizumab, and chemotherapy in mCRC, provided support for this therapeutic approach. Two large randomized phase 3 trials were initiated to evaluate firstline treatment of mCRC. The Panitumumab Advanced Colorectal Cancer Evaluation (PACCE) study investigated the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin-or irinotecan-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab with or without panitumumab; CAIRO2 assessed the efficacy and safety of capecitabine/oxaliplatin and bevacizumab with or without cetuximab. In both trials, the combination of bevacizumab, an EGFR-specific antibody, and chemotherapy in first-line treatment of mCRC was associated with increased toxicity and no improvement in patient outcome. These results suggest that these specific combinations should not be used in first-line mCRC outside investigational studies.
Emerging genders: semiotic agency and the performance of gender among genderqueer individuals

This article examines how individuals who identify with genders outside a male/female binary make use of the semiotic material available to them in the environment to interactively construct non-binary gender(s). Through microinteractional analysis of the speech produced by individuals who identify as genderqueer, the article demonstrates how individuals draw on an array of signs to create and perform non-normative genders. The article argues that the implementation of embodied signs can be understood using a model of semiotic agency, which reveals how the signs themselves vary in their durability and manipulability in time and space. The article further exemplifies how these semiotic displays are used to perform gender as non-binary, mutable, and changing in time. The article uncovers how genderqueer individuals both challenge and maintain a binary gender system in their daily interactions. Moreover, the article demonstrates how individuals draw on available semiotic material available in the environment in ways that allow gender to emerge dynamically in interaction and transform over time. keywords: semiotics; agency; non-normative genders; genderqueer; performativity; embodiment
Species Composition and Relative Abundance of Mosquitoes in Swat, Pakistan

A comprehensive survey of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) was conducted in Swat Pakistan, from April to September during 2000. The survey involved the sampling of both, adult and immature stages of mosquitoes, and recovered a total of 21 species in five genera. Sampling of adult mosquitoes involved Pyrethrum spray collections, Man-biting collections, and Animal-biting collection. Immature stages of mosquitoes were collected from variety of habitats including springs, irrigation channels, rice fields, marshes, temporary pools, construction pools, agriculture pools, river margins, ditches, waste water drains, wells and tree holes. During the study most of the species built up their populations in June, July and August, while a few increased their populations in September. During the survey of immature stages, from a total of 138 samples taken, Cx. quinquefasciatus showed maximum frequency of occurrence (recovered from 48 samples) followed by An. maculatus (17 samples), Cx. pseudovishnui (14 samples), An. annularis and An. stephensi (13 samples each), Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (11 samples), An. splendidus (5 samples) and Cx. theileri (4 samples). The rest of the species occurred infrequently. The observations on habitat specificity of different species of mosquitoes showed the rice fields as the most favorable site for mosquito breeding (harboring 12 species) followed by river margins (five species) and temporary pools and springs (four species each). During this study Ae. aegypti was recovered from tyres in Mingora; it was not reported earlier from Swat.
Modulation of h-Channels in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (h-channels; Ih; HCN) modulate intrinsic excitability in hippocampal and neocortical pyramidal neurons, among others. Whereas Ih mediated by the HCN2 isoform is regulated by cAMP, there is little known about kinase modulation of Ih, especially for the HCN1 isoform predominant in pyramidal neurons. We used a computational method to identify a novel kinase modulator of h-channels, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Inhibition of p38 MAPK in hippocampal pyramidal neurons caused a ∼25 mV hyperpolarization of Ih voltage-dependent activation. This downregulation of Ih produced hyperpolarization of resting potential, along with increased input resistance and temporal summation of excitatory inputs. Activation of p38 MAPK caused a ∼11 mV depolarizing shift in Ih activation, along with depolarized resting potential, and decreased input resistance and temporal summation. Inhibition of related MAPKs, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), produced no effect on Ih. These results show that p38 MAPK is a strong modulator of h-channel biophysical properties and may deserve additional exploration as a link between altered Ih and pathological conditions such as epilepsy.
Backlund transformations for the sl(2) Gaudin magnet

Elementary, one- and two-point, Backlund transformations are constructed for the generic case of the sl(2) Gaudin magnet. The spectrality property is used to construct these explicitly given, Poisson integrable maps which are time discretizations of the continuous flows with any Hamiltonian from the spectral curve of the 2×2 Lax matrix.
“A Statistically Representative Climate Change Debate”: Satirical Television News, Scientific Consensus, and Public Perceptions of Global Warming

ABSTRACT Satirical television news programs provide the public with potential sources of information about climate change. This study uses a segment from Last Week Tonight with John Oliver as a test case for exploring how coverage from such programs that features consensus messaging may influence viewers’ perceptions of global warming. The segment presents a “statistically representative climate change debate” to affirm the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change and satirize television news coverage “balancing” this consensus with skeptics’ arguments. Results from a randomized experiment demonstrate that watching the segment increased viewers’ own belief in global warming, as well as viewers’ perceptions that most scientists believe in global warming. The latter effect was stronger among participants with low interest in the environment and global warming than among those with high interest. The segment’s impact on perceptions of scientists’ views may have mediated its effects on viewers’ own beliefs about global warming.
Differences in intimate partner homicides perpetrated by men and women: evidence from a Norwegian National 22-year cohort

ABSTRACT Most of our knowledge about intimate partner homicide (IPH) is based on studies of men, as they outnumber women as perpetrators. From a total cohort of IPHs in Norway from 1990 to 2012 (N = 177), we investigated differences between male (n = 157) and female (n = 20) perpetrators in terms of (a) IPH characteristics and sentencing issues, (b) sociodemographic, contextual and clinical factors, and (c) previous intimate partner violence. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that, in comparison to male perpetrators, female perpetrators were more often in intimate partnerships without mutual children, had a greater number of accumulated welfare deficiencies, and tended to be ascribed different motives (fear and revenge) for their crimes.
The Eastern Pacific ITCZ during the Boreal Spring

Abstract The 6-yr (1998–2003) rainfall products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) are used to quantify the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the eastern Pacific (defined by longitudinal averages over 90°–130°W) during boreal spring (March–April). The double-ITCZ phenomenon, represented by the occurrence of two maxima with respect to latitude in monthly mean rainfall, is observed in most but not all of the years studied. The relative spatial locations of maxima in sea surface temperature (SST), rainfall, and surface pressure are examined. Interannual and weekly variability are characterized in SST, rainfall, surface convergence, total column water vapor, and cloud water. There appears to be a competition for rainfall between the two hemispheres during this season. When one of the two rainfall maxima is particularly strong, the other tends to be weak, with the total rainfall integrated over the two varying less than does the difference between the rainfall integrated over each separ.
Maximizing the Lifetime of Multi-chain PEGASIS using Sink Mobility

3 Abstract: In this paper, we propose the mobility of a sink in improved energy efficient PEGASIS-based protocol (IEEPB) to advance the network lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The multi-head chain, multi-chain concept and the sink mobility affects largely in enhancing the network lifetime of wireless sensors. Thus, we recommend Mobile sink improved energy-efficient PEGASIS-based routing protocol (MIEEPB); a multi-chain model having a sink mobility, to achieve proficient energy utilization of wireless sensors. As the motorized movement of mobile sink is steered by petrol or current, there is a need to confine this movement within boundaries and the trajectory of mobile sink should be fixed. In our technique, the mobile sink moves along its trajectory and stays for a sojourn time at sojourn location to guarantee complete data collection. We develop an algorithm for trajectory of mobile sink. We ultimately perform wide-ranging experiments to assess the performance of the proposed method. The results reveal that the proposed way out is nearly optimal and also better than IEEPB in terms of network lifetime.