Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PID1 (NYGGF4), a New Growth-Inhibitory Gene in Embryonal Brain Tumors and Gliomas

Purpose: We present here the first report of PID1 (Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domain containing 1; NYGGF4) in cancer. PID1 was identified in 2006 as a gene that modulates insulin signaling and mitochondrial function in adipocytes and muscle cells. Experimental Design and Results: Using four independent medulloblastoma datasets, we show that mean PID1 mRNA levels were lower in unfavorable medulloblastomas (groups 3 and 4, and anaplastic histology) compared with favorable medulloblastomas (SHH and WNT groups, and desmoplastic/nodular histology) and with fetal cerebellum. In two large independent glioma datasets, PID1 mRNA was lower in glioblastomas (GBM), the most malignant gliomas, compared with other astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and nontumor brains. Neural and proneural GBM subtypes had higher PID1 mRNA compared with classical and mesenchymal GBM. Importantly, overall survival and radiation-free progression-free survival were longer in medulloblastoma patients whose tumors had higher PID1 mRNA (univariate and multivariate analyses). Higher PID1 mRNA also correlated with longer overall survival in patients with glioma and GBM. In cell culture, overexpression of PID1 inhibited colony formation in medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and GBM cell lines. Increasing PID1 also increased cell death and apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, induced mitochondrial depolaization, and decreased serum-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in medulloblastoma, ATRT, and/or GBM cell lines, whereas siRNA to PID1 diminished mitochondrial depolarization. Conclusions: These data are the first to link PID1 to cancer and suggest that PID1 may have a tumor inhibitory function in these pediatric and adult brain tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 827–36. ©2013 AACR.
MR findings in Leigh syndrome with COX deficiency and SURF-1 mutations.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In a large number of patients with Leigh syndrome (LS) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency, mutations of the SURF-1 gene were recently identified. The aim of the present study was to review the MR findings in patients with LS to verify if the genetically homogeneous patients with LS and SURF-1 mutations (LS SURF-1 patients) had a homogeneous MR pattern that could be used to differentiate them from other patients with LS (LS non-SURF-1 patients). METHODS T1-, proton density-, and T2-weighted MR images of eight LS SURF-1 patients and 14 LS non-SURF-1 patients were reviewed. Enzymatic activity was determined according to standard methods. Genetic analysis was mostly performed by using stored DNA samples. RESULTS All LS SURF-1 patients had lesions in the brain stem and subthalamic nuclei. Six had lesions in the cerebellum. Only two had basal ganglial abnormalities. Ten LS non-SURF-1 patients had lesions in the brain stem, but in six they were mild. Ten patients had basal ganglial abnormalities (nine of 10 in the putamina). LS-SURF-1 patients had a more severe clinical course. CONCLUSION The MR pattern in LS SURF-1 patients is characteristic. Brain stem and subthalamic nuclei lesions may suggest the specific diagnosis. These patients die soon, probably because of lower brain stem involvement. Basal ganglial abnormalities are common only in LS non-SURF-1 patients. The absence of putaminal lesions, therefore, does not exclude the diagnosis of LS.
Attention, Awareness, and the Perception of Auditory Scenes

Auditory perception and cognition entails both low-level and high-level processes, which are likely to interact with each other to create our rich conscious experience of soundscapes. Recent research that we review has revealed numerous influences of high-level factors, such as attention, intention, and prior experience, on conscious auditory perception. And recently, studies have shown that auditory scene analysis tasks can exhibit multistability in a manner very similar to ambiguous visual stimuli, presenting a unique opportunity to study neural correlates of auditory awareness and the extent to which mechanisms of perception are shared across sensory modalities. Research has also led to a growing number of techniques through which auditory perception can be manipulated and even completely suppressed. Such findings have important consequences for our understanding of the mechanisms of perception and also should allow scientists to precisely distinguish the influences of different higher-level influences.
Overall trends vs. individual trajectories in the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) and metacarpal (2M:4M) ratios during puberty and adolescence.

OBJECTIVES The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D ratio) can be assumed a valid indicator of sexual differentiation, provided that it is stable once it develops, or eventual changes remain uniform in a respective cohort throughout ontogenesis. The main goal of this study was to determine whether the metacarpal 2M:4M and the digit 2D:4D ratio change during the period of pubertal/adolescent growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metacarpals and digits were measured on radiographs of left hands in the sample of 328 individuals (96 pairs of male and 68 pairs of female twins) from the Wrocław Longitudinal Study of Twins (1967-1983). Five consecutive annual measurements were done for each individual within a 4-year-interval somewhere between 7 and 18 years of age. Age-related changes in both ratios were studied using a set of mixed-effects linear models. Three types of correlation coefficients were used for assessment of stability between repeated measurements at different ages. RESULTS An overall decrease in the average 2M:4M ratio was observed, attributable to a much larger extent to males than to females. On the contrary, a slight overall increase in the average 2D:4D ratio was observed, attributable to a much larger extent to females than to males. The rank order of the ratios remained highly stable within the monitored period (the correlation coefficient mostly ranged between 0.85 and 0.95). In spite of these findings, we recorded significant intraindividual changes in both ratios. In some individuals the 2D:4D ratio can undergo changes comparable to average sex differences and much higher than average age-related changes. DISCUSSION Relatively slight overall changes in digit ratio in puberty and adolescence themselves are not inconsistent with the use of the 2D:4D ratio as an indirect marker of prenatal sexual differentiation. Nevertheless, individual changes in the ratios varied substantially in this study and differed from the average trends. Future studies should focus on the nature of interindividual developmental differences in the digit and metacarpal ratios.
Genome-wide suppression of aberrant mRNA-like noncoding RNAs by NMD in Arabidopsis

The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway is a well-known eukaryotic surveillance mechanism that eliminates aberrant mRNAs that contain a premature termination codon (PTC). The UP-Frameshift (UPF) proteins, UPF1, UPF2, and UPF3, are essential for normal NMD function. Several NMD substrates have been identified, but detailed information on NMD substrates is lacking. Here, we noticed that, in Arabidopsis, most of the mRNA-like nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have the features of an NMD substrate. We examined the expression profiles of 2 Arabidopsis mutants, upf1-1 and upf3-1, using a whole-genome tiling array. The results showed that expression of not only protein-coding transcripts but also many mRNA-like ncRNAs (mlncRNAs), including natural antisense transcript RNAs (nat-RNAs) transcribed from the opposite strands of the coding strands, were up-regulated in both mutants. The percentage of the up-regulated mlncRNAs to all expressed mlncRNAs was much higher than that of the up-regulated protein-coding transcripts to all expressed protein- coding transcripts. This finding demonstrates that one of the most important roles of NMD is the genome-wide suppression of the aberrant mlncRNAs including nat-RNAs.
The Performance Indices to Contingencies Screening

Performance indices are used to rank the impact of contingencies in power system security studies. In this paper it is proposed a new approach to the use of performance indices to contingencies screening. The developed methodology produces a screening and classification of the system outages. The developed technique is applied to a test power system and the results obtained were analyzed. Finally, some conclusions that provide a valuable contribution to the understanding of the power system security analysis are pointed out
Three-dimensional blast-wave-driven Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the effects of long-wavelength modes

This paper describes experiments exploring the three-dimensional (3D) Rayleigh–Taylor instability at a blast-wave-driven interface. This experiment is well scaled to the He/H interface during the explosion phase of SN1987A. In the experiments, ∼5 kJ of energy from the Omega laser was used to create a planar blast wave in a plastic disk, which is accelerated into a lower-density foam. These circumstances induce the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability and, after the shock passes the interface, the system quickly becomes dominated by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The plastic disk has an intentional pattern machined at the plastic/foam interface. This perturbation is 3D with a basic structure of two orthogonal sine waves with a wavelength of 71 μm and an amplitude of 2.5 μm. Additional long-wavelength modes with a wavelength of either 212 or 424 μm are added onto the single-mode pattern. The addition of the long-wavelength modes was motivated by the results of previous experiments where material penetrated unex.
Energy-Centric Flexibility Management in Power Systems

Currently, power system planning practices are undergoing various transformations in an attempt to integrate efficiently significant amounts of low-carbon power generation technologies. At the heart of this efficient integration lies the need to plan for and exploit the available flexibility in power systems. In the past, the emphasis was on planning the capacity (i.e., power) of operating reserve requirements, in the form of categorized reserve types. Such approach was suitable for traditional power systems exhibiting low variability and uncertainty. The concept of power system flexibility is emerging as a way to emphasize the need to also consider the ramping capability of operating reserve needed to accommodate high variability and uncertainty arising from renewable energy integration. Prior considerations of power system flexibility, however, are found to be inadequate to handle energy-limited power system resources like energy storage assets and demand response. Hence, this paper sets to consider systematically energy limitations of operating reserve by proposing energy-based operating reserve definitions. We demonstrate the benefits of the new reserve definitions, using a receding-horizon economic dispatch integrating energy storage.
The Psychology of Social Class

List of figures and tables Preface 1. Social Class in Britain 2. Other Class Systems, Past and Present 3. Psychological Models of Social Class 4. Social Relationships 5. Work, Leisure and Lifestyle 6. Speech within and between Classes 7. Intelligence and Personality 8. Social Mobility 9. Inter-class Attitudes 10. Values, Sex, Crime and Religion 11. Health, Mental Health, Happiness and Self-esteem 12. Conclusions, Implications and Reflections, Author Index Subject Index
Enterprise multimedia streaming: issues, background and new developments

This paper describes the enterprise multimedia streaming problem and highlights its requirements and specific issues. These issues are grouped into three broad areas: infrastructure, streaming and applications. This paper also presents an overview of current research in several diverse areas that is relevant to solutions for enterprise streaming, and highlight directions for further development. Thus, it is easy to generate interest in designing novel solutions and applications for enterprise streaming.
Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes and the Relationship of dGlucose to Kidney Function

This article reviews different glycemic parameters and is aimed to clarify the most dependable glycemic parameter that predicts renal preservation. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) are the most commonly ordered tests for the diagnosis of diabetes and are also used to indicate prevention of microvascular complications associated with diabetes. Some experts have concluded that HbA1c remains the only test that can predict microvascular complications but HbA1c is misleading with anemia. Other experts have reported that elevation of 2 hour postprandial glucose (2hPPG) or postprandial hyperglycemia is critical for the development of diabetic complications Measurement of parameters under fasting conditions is convenient in both clinical and research settings and are used to establish clinical guidelines for diabetes management and for rating efficacy of management. Despite the use of these diagnostic markers and a plethora of oral antidiabetic agents to treat diabetes, diabetic complications namely; cardiovascular disorders (CVD), end stage renal disease (ESRD) and amputation are on the rise. Although affirmative data on many of the complications are not available, the United States Renal Data System on ESRD is a testimonial to poor diabetes care. We have innovated dglucose (2hPPG-FBG) and found that dglucose relates significantly to renal function change measured by serum creatinine levels or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Our current study on dglucose confirms our previous finding and validates the importance of dglucose to aid in the management of diabetes and prevents diabetic complications. In conclusion, the new finding in this study is dglucose (2h-postprandial glucose-Fasting glucose) which convincingly relates to renal function changes. Since dglucose is a product of 2hPP glucose, keeping 2hPPG under tight control with intensive insulin therapy is fundamentally important. Further blood pressure control avoiding the use of renin-angiotensin inhibitor therapy is additive to renal protection in diabetes.
Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is a Promising Biomarker for Late Onset Culture-Positive Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Need for the early identification of sepsis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants has led to the search for reliable biomarkers. This study aims to determine whether urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) rises in culture-positive sepsis and, if so, is elevated at the time sepsis is suspected. This is a prospective study of 91 VLBW infants whose urine was collected daily for uNGAL analysis. In 65 episodes of suspected sepsis, four groups were identified: a) culture-positive sepsis; b) single culture positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis; c) and d) negative culture with antibiotic treatment for ≥7 d and <7 d, respectively. Daily means of uNGAL of each group were estimated for comparison. Mean uNGAL in group A (179 ng/mL) was significantly elevated on the day blood culture was drawn (day 0) compared with the mean of healthy VLBW infants (6.5 ng/mL), and to the means in groups B, C, and D (p < 0.05). In group A, mean uNGAL was significantly elevated on day 0 and daily for 5 days when compared with that of the day before culture (p < 0.05 to <0.005). uNGAL shows promise as an early marker for culture-positive sepsis in VLBW infants.
The Replaceability of Sampling Matrix for Multidimensional Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks

It is shown under a divisibility condition the sampling matrix for a filter bank can be replaced without loss of perfect reconstruction. This is the generalization of the common knowledge that removing up/downsampling will not alter perfect reconstruction. The result provides a simple way to implement redundant perfect reconstruction filter banks, which constitute tight frames of l2(Zn) when iterated. As an example, a quincunx-sampled frame is presented, which is nearly shift-invariant as well as limited-redundancy.
Investigation on evaluation criteria of backwashing effects for a pilot-scale BAF treating petrochemical wastewater

ABSTRACT Parameters for evaluation criteria of air–water backwashing effects of a pilot-scale biological aerated filter (BAF) treating petrochemical wastewater were investigated. The parameters included the suspended solids (SS) and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the backwashing effluent, recovery of the BAF after backwashing, and the removal of the biomass/bioactivity attached on the filter media after backwashing. Results showed that the weight of the total sludge produced in the backwashing effluent increased with the increase in water-backwashing intensity, while the total SOUR of backwashing effluent rose notably with the increase of air-backwashing intensity. The optimal backwashing intensity of 14 L/(m2·s) for air and 4 L/(m2·s) for water were obtained. When the BAF was backwashed on this condition, the BAF recovered with high average removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen of 14.3% and 50.3%, respectively. High amount of biomass removal at 15.8% and low level of bioactivity removal at 8.8% attached on the filter media were also found. Concentrations of the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and (o-, m-, p-) xylenes (BTEX) and phenol in the backwashed sludge were analyzed, showing that the backwashing was essential to remove some aromatic compounds adsorbed in the microorganisms.
Prediction of Enophthalmos by Computer-Based Volume Measurement of Orbital Fractures in a Korean Population

Purpose: To estimate posttraumatic enophthalmos using computer-based volume measurement of the orbital fracture to provide information on surgical guidelines. Methods: The fracture volume of orbital wall fractures in 35 patients who did not undergo surgery was measured using a Rapidia work station system. Hertel ophthalmometry, diplopia, and ocular motility were investigated. The fracture volume measurements relative to the intact contralateral orbit were correlated with enophthalmos, diplopia, and ocular motility. Patients were examined at the initial visit, then at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Results: There was a correlation between the fracture volume and enophthalmos. Late enophthalmos increased in size in proportion to the volume of the fractured site. The predicted orbital fracture volume with an enophthalmos measurement of 2 mm or more was 2.30 ml. Conclusions: Computer-based measurements of orbital fracture volume can be used to predict overall enophthalmos and provide useful information to surgeons.
Do bank holding companies act as "sources of strength" for their bank subsidiaries?

HOSE WHO WISH to determine why banks fail typically focus on the characteristics of banks and their local markets that make them vulnerable to losses.1 A key factor often overlooked, however, is capital injections by shareholders. A bank whose losses exceed its capital need not fail, if its shareholders (existing or new) inject sufficient additional funds to restore its capital ratio to a level acceptable to the bank’s supervisory agency. Likewise, the shareholders of a bank with a positive, but relatively low, capital ratio can always remove it from its “problem bank” status by injecting sufficient capital.
Performance comparison between an UHF RFID antenna for portable reader and its UHF RFID/WLAN dual-band version

A low-cost single-band circularly polarized antenna for the UHF RFID band and its extended dual-band configuration for UHF RFID/WLAN applications are here compared, in terms of both electromagnetic parameters (reflection coefficient, axial ratio and gain, in the UHF band) and operational performances when used in a commercial RFID reader (Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI, and reading range). Thanks to their high compactness and low-profile (60mm×60mm×7mm), both antennas can be easily integrated into a commercial portable UHF RFID reader. An array composed by four inverted-F meandered monopoles appears in both antennas, which covers the 902-928 MHz frequency band. In the dual-band configuration, a miniaturized patch has been added on the same FR4 substrate, in the middle of the four monopoles, so providing the portable reader with an extra wireless functionality, namely a WLAN connectivity (2400-2480 MHz). Results in terms of reflection coefficient, gain, axial ratio, as well as measured RSSI values are shown in this paper. The dual-band antenna performances are comparable with those of the original singleband version, despite of the remarkable mutual coupling between the RFID array and the WLAN patch, which are very close to each other and printed on the same side of the FR4 substrate.
Variability of fish consumption within the 10 European countries participating in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

Abstract Objective: To describe and compare the consumption of total fish (marine foods) and the fish sub-groups – white fish, fatty fish, very fatty fish, fish products and crustacea, in participants from the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of dietary intake using a computerised standardised 24-hour recall interview. Crude means, means and standard errors adjusted by age, season and day of the week were calculated, stratified by centre and gender. Setting: Twenty-seven redefined centres in the 10 European countries participating in the EPIC study. Subjects: In total, 35 955 subjects (13 031 men and 22 924 women), aged 35–74 years, selected from the main EPIC cohort. Results: A six- to sevenfold variation in total fish consumption exists in women and men, between the lowest consumption in Germany and the highest in Spain. Overall, white fish represented 49% and 45% of the intake of total fish in women and men, respectively, with the greatest consumption in centres in Spain and Greece and the least in the German and Dutch centres. Consumption of fatty fish reflected that of total fish. However, the greatest intake of very fatty fish was in the coastal areas of northern Europe (Denmark, Sweden and Norway) and in Germany. Consumption of fish products was greater in northern than in southern Europe, with white fish products predominating in centres in France, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and Norway. Intake of roe and roe products was low. The highest consumption of crustacea was found in the French, Spanish and Italian centres. The number of fish types consumed was greater in southern than in northern Europe. The greatest variability in consumption by day of the week was found in the countries with the lowest fish intake. Conclusions: Throughout Europe, substantial geographic variation exists in total fish intake, fish sub-groups and the number of types consumed. Day-to-day variability in consumption is also high.
Distractions and Coping Strategies of Elite Decathletes during Their Most Memorable Performances

The decathlon is a unique track and field event with a storied history in the annals of track and field. Yet, little has been written in the sport psychology literature about the decathlon and the experiences of its participants. The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of elite decathlon participants during their “most memorable performance. ” Participants were seven decathletes who have competed at the national and international level. Each athlete had previously scored 8,000 points or more (the standard for excellence in the decathlon) in at least one competition. Because of its emphasis on the participant as the expert, phenomenological interviews were conducted with each participant and transcripts were content analyzed. Two major themes emerged from the interviews: (a) distractions and (b) coping strategies. These themes along with their corresponding subthemes are discussed in relation to other coping research in the sport psychology literature.