Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The clinical value of serial measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in acute exacerbations ofchronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To assess the prevalence and long-term prognostic value of a dynamic (rise/fall) pattern of cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) elevation during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) compared with a stable hs-cTnT elevation. Methods Prospective cohort study of unselected patients admitted with AECOPD to the emergency room of a university hospital. Serial hs-cTnT measurements were made during admission. Survival after a median of 1.8 years was recorded. Results 83 patients with a mean age of 72 years and a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 0.9 L. The mortality rate was 62%. The median hs-cTnT at admission was 27 ng/L (IQR 13.4–51)). 65 patients (78%) had at least one hs-cTnT measurement ≥14 ng/L, and among these the median change in hs-cTnT was 50.7% (IQR 25.2–89.4). Of the patients with serial hs-cTnT measurements, 53 (82%) had a dynamic pattern (ie, ΔTnT ≥20%). In multivariate analysis, stable hs-cTnT elevation was associated with increasing age (OR per 5 years with 95% CI 1.9 (1.01 to 3.7), p=0.045) and low Hb (OR 7.3 (1.1 to 49), p=0.039). Stable hs-cTnT elevation was associated with increased mortality with an HR of 2.4 (95%CI 1.1 to 5.3, p=0.027) in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusions Among the patients with at least one hs-cTnT above the 99th centile, 82% had a rise/fall pattern, as requested to make a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Compared to a dynamic rise/fall pattern of hs-cTnT, a stable and moderately elevated hs-cTnT during AECOPD is associated with poor long-term prognosis.
Late Quaternary contourites and glaciomarine sedimentation in the Fram Strait

Two sites in the eastern Fram Strait, the Vestnesa Ridge and the Yermak Plateau, have been surveyed and sampled providing a depositional record over the last glacial‐interglacial cycle. The Fram Strait is the only deep‐water connection from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic and contains a marine sediment record of both high latitude thermohaline flow and ice sheet interaction. On the Vestnesa Ridge, the western Svalbard margin, a sediment drift was identified in 1226 m of water. Gravity and multicores from the crest of the drift recovered turbidites and contourites. 14C dating indicates an age range of 8287 to 26 900 years BP (Early Holocene to Late Weichselian). The Yermak Plateau is characterized by slope sediments in 961 m of water. Gravity and multicores recovered contourites and hemipelagites. 14C ages were between 8615 and 46 437 years BP (Early Holocene to mid‐Weichselian). Downcore dinoflagellate cyst analyses from both sites provide a record of changing surface water conditions since the mid‐Weichselian, suggesting variable sea ice extent, productivity and polynyas present even during the Last Glacial Maximum. Four layers of ice‐rafted debris were also identified and correlated within the cores. These events occurred ca at 9, 24 to 25, 26 to 27 and 43 ka, asynchronous with Heinrich layers in the wider north‐east Atlantic and here interpreted as reflecting instability in the Svalbard/Barents Ice sheet and the northward advection of warm Atlantic water during the Late Weichselian. The activity of the ancestral West Spitsbergen Current is interpreted using mean sortable silt records from the cores. On the Vestnesa Ridge drift the modern mass accumulation rate, calculated using excess 210Pb, is 0·076 g cm−2 year−1. On the Yermak Plateau slope the modern mass accumulation rate is 0·053 g cm−2 year−1.
Data Dissemination on the Web: Speculative and Unobtrusive

The rapid growth of the Web results in heavier loads on server/network and in increased latency experienced while retrieving Web documents. Internet traffic is further aggravated by its burstiness, which complicates the design and allocation of network components. Bursty traffic alternates peak periods with lulls. This paper presents a framework that exploits idle periods to satisfy future HTTP requests speculatively and opportunistically. Our proposal differs from previous schemes in that it is explicitly aware of current HTTP traffic loads so as to be unobtrusive. This paper highlights several design trade-offs and details the problem of server arbitration among several candidate documents. We present a theoretical analysis of arbitration and validate it by extensive simulation on server logs, in which we calculate latency experienced by clients. Perfect traffic shaping during peak periods is observed and substantial latency improvements for non-dynamic documents are reported over pure on-demand strategies.
NF45 dimerizes with NF90, Zfr and SPNR via a conserved domain that has a nucleotidyltransferase fold

Nuclear factors NF90 and NF45 form a complex involved in a variety of cellular processes and are thought to affect gene expression both at the transcriptional and translational level. In addition, this complex affects the replication of several viruses through direct interactions with viral RNA. NF90 and NF45 dimerize through their common ‘DZF’ domain (domain associated with zinc fingers). NF90 has additional double-stranded RNA-binding domains that likely mediate its association with target RNAs. We present the crystal structure of the NF90/NF45 dimerization complex at 1.9-Å resolution. The DZF domain shows structural similarity to the template-free nucleotidyltransferase family of RNA modifying enzymes. However, both NF90 and NF45 have lost critical catalytic residues during evolution and are therefore not functional enzymes. Residues on NF90 that make up its interface with NF45 are conserved in two related proteins, spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein (SPNR) and zinc-finger RNA-binding protein (Zfr). Using a co-immunoprecipitation assay and site-specific mutants, we demonstrate that NF45 is also able to recognize SPNR and Zfr through the same binding interface, revealing that NF45 is able to form a variety of cellular complexes with other DZF-domain proteins.
LOWER EXTREMITY BIOMECHANICS OF AN ANKLE 'GIVING WAY' CASE DURING THE DROP LANDlNG

The purpose of our study was to present an accidental ankle 'giving way' case of a participant with chronic ankle instability (CAI) during drop landing test and compare lower extremity biomechanics with that of the participant's normal landing trials. A 7-camera Vicon system was used to capture motions of the participant drop landing from a 30-cm high box. Ground reaction forces were collected using two force plates. Lower extremity joint angles and moments were generated. Subjective comparisons were made between the giving way trial and normal trials. For the giving way trial, the participant exhibited greater ankle inversion, internal rotation and less hip abduction angle in pre-landing phase compared to the normal trials. In addition, the ankle exhibited greater eversion moment and external rotation moment in the landing phase. Center of pressure was more lateral in the giving way trial. We suggest that a more inverted and internally rotated ankle position before landing may place ankle at a high risk of giving way and sprain for CAI individuals.
Cyclic Sedimentation of Carbonate and Siliciclastic Deposits on a Late Precambrian Ramp: The Elisabeth Bjerg Formation (Eleonore Bay Supergroup), East Greenland

ABSTRACT The 300 m thick upper Precambrian Elisabeth Bjerg Formation in East Greenland represents a period of intermittent siliciclastic-dominated marine deposition on a carbonate ramp. Four depositional systems are identified within the exposed formation: (1) a siliciclastic ramp system formed by prograding shoreface or delta complexes; (2) a carbonate outer-ramp system comprising rhythmically interbedded carbonate mudstone, subtidal stromatolitic biostromes, calcarenite deposits, and siliciclastic mudstone; (3) a transitional siliciclastic-carbonate system consisting of 0.3-0.6 m thick subtidal rhythmites, created by carbonate mudstone and conglomerates alternating with siliciclastic mudstone; and (4) a carbonate inner-ramp system consisting of intertidal and subtidal channel deposits. On th basis of stacking patterns within the depositional systems, lowstand, transgressive, and highstand systems tracts can be inferred, which are traceable across the entire outcrop area, more than 200 km along and 100 km perpendicular to basin strike. The systems tracts combine to form five 30-100 m thick sequences within the Elisabeth Bjerg Formation and two that extend into the surrounding formations. All of the sequences show the same basic internal architecture, most likely developed in response to third-order glacio-eustatic changes in sea level. The paleogeographic evolution, and the response of the four depositional systems to cyclic changes in sea level, are interpreted using a ramp-to-basin model. During lowstands, sedimentation was dominated by siliciclastic deposition. Stranded lowstand shoreline deposits were formed in the more distal part of the ramp, while the inner part of the ramp was a zone of sediment bypass. During subsequent relative sealevel rise the ramp was flooded and starved of sediment. Early highstands were characterized by carbonate deposition, including the formation of large stromatolite buildups, while siliciclastic deposition was confined to a narrow near-coastal zone. During late highstands decreasing accommodation space resulted in progradation of the siliciclastic deposits, forcing carbonate depos tion basinward.
Alopecia mucinosa of the face associated with mycosis fungoides.

Alopecia mucinosa is classified into two categories. 1 One is the idiopathic or primary variety, which is benign and without associated disease. The second is the form seen in association with lymphoma, usually mycosis fungoides. Reviews of series of patients with alopecia mucinosa 2,3 suggest that when small numbers of lesions are present, and particularly when these are limited to the head and neck, the course will be benign. We report a case in which this was not so. Report of a Case A 41-year-old woman was seen in April 1976 because of three enlarging facial plaques of nine months' duration. In 1973 she had been hospitalized for a generalized eczematous dermatitis. Patch tests at that time showed 2+ reactions to nickel, chrome, balsam of Peru, and a caine mixture. It was also believed that she had atopic dermatitis. That episode of eczematous dermatitis was controlled with fluocinolone acetonide and
Quantitative estimation of lactate in the brain by 1H NMR

1H NMR was used to detect lactate accumulation in the intact gerbil brain postmortem. The lactate concentration was estimated from the spectra by comparison to signals from N‐acetylaspartate, creatine + phosphocreatine, and water. The effects of T2, phase modulation, and solvent suppression were taken into account. The estimated concentrations were compared to determinations performed on the same brains after extraction. The lactate concentration estimated from the intact brain spectra was between 70 and 90% of the values determined in vitro, on the extracts, depending on the concentration standard used. If N‐acetylaspartate was used as the standard then the proportion of detected lactate (92%) was not significantly different from 100%. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Information processing and cardiovascular control.

It has previously been reported that an increase in mental task load is accompanied by a decrease in heart rate variability (HRV). In most of the experiments relating mental task load to HRV, the number of signals in paced choice reaction time tasks served as the main loading factor. However, this determinant of task load confounds muscular and mental load. In the present article we scored HRV by computing the power spectrum of the cardiac interval signal. The spectrum contains power related to respiratory activity (usually between 0.20 and 0.40 Hz) and power related to non-linear processes involved in the control of body temperature and blood pressure (between 0.02 and 0.20 Hz). During performance on cognitive tasks the total power is attenuated, but the spectral power between 0.02 and 0.20 Hz (comprising about 80% of the total spectral energy, i.e. HRV) is particularly affected. Within this latter region we especially investigated the power between 0.06 and 0.14 Hz. The power in this region is believed to originate from processes involved in the dynamic control of mean arterial pressure. In Experiment 1 it was shown that this blood pressure-related spectral component was rather insensitive to considerable changes in respiratory rate and depth. In Experiments 2 and 3 we kept signal rate constant but varied the cognitive demands of a sentence comprehension task and a working memory task. These experiments indicated that the power of the 0.10 Hz vasomotor oscillations was significantly affected by the processing demands of these tasks. The evidence suggested a decreased baroreflex sensitivity (i.e. a decrease in gain) during mental loading. A method was proposed to non-invasively determine baroreflex sensitivity.
The bovine papillomavirus type 4 E8 protein binds to ductin and causes loss of gap junctional intercellular communication in primary fibroblasts

The E8 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 4 encodes a small hydrophobic polypeptide which contributes to cell transformation by conferring anchorage-independent growth. Using an in vitro translation system, we show that the E8 polypeptide binds to ductin, the 16-kDa proteolipid that forms transmembrane channels in both gap junctions and vacuolar H+-ATPase. This association is not due to nonspecific hydrophobic interactions. PPA1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae polypeptide homologous (with 25% identity) to ductin, does not complex with E8. Furthermore, E5B, structurally similar to E8 but with no transforming activity, does not form a complex with ductin. Primary bovine fibroblasts expressing E8 show a loss of gap junctional intercellular communication, and it is suggested that this results from the interaction between E8 and ductin.
Comment on: ‘The structure and petrogenesis of the Trallval and Ruinsival areas of the Rhum ultrabasic pluton’ by J. A. Volker and B. G. J. Upton

Volker and Upton (VU) have provided an excellent contribution to the study of the Rhum complex, providing substantial amounts of descriptive material and new observationsto allow the discussion to rise above mere opinion. VU disagree with two of our (Bédard et al. 1988) principal conclusions about the genesis of the Eastern Layered Series. We argue in the following comment that, on the contrary, their data support and complement our conclusions.
Prefrontal-Amygdala Connectivity and State Anxiety during Fear Extinction Recall in Adolescents

While deficits in fear extinction recall have been suggested to underlie vulnerability to anxiety disorders in adolescents, the neurobiology of these deficits remain underexplored. Here we investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) underlying extinction recall in healthy adolescents, and assess associations between FC and state/trait anxiety. Adolescents (17) and adults (14, for comparison) completed a fear-learning paradigm involving extinction and extinction recall during a functional magnetic resonance imaging session, in which skin conductance response (SCR) was recorded. Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that during extinction recall there was significant negative connectivity between the vmPFC and amygdala in adults, but not adolescents. vmPFC-amygdala connectivity was positively correlated with SCR. Adolescents showed significant negative FC between the dlPFC and the left and right hippocampus, and the amygdala, which was positively correlated with state anxiety. Recall was also associated with negative connectivity between the dlPFC and thalamus, posterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus, and pallidum in adolescents. These results demonstrate that fear extinction recall in healthy adolescents is associated with FC between prefrontal and limbic brain regions, and suggest that alterations in connectivity may be associated with vulnerability to anxiety in adolescence.
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Plays an Important Role during Various Stages of the Coronavirus Infection Cycle

ABSTRACT The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a key player in regulating the intracellular sorting and degradation of proteins. In this study we investigated the role of the UPS in different steps of the coronavirus (CoV) infection cycle. Inhibition of the proteasome by different chemical compounds (i.e., MG132, epoxomicin, and Velcade) appeared to not only impair entry but also RNA synthesis and subsequent protein expression of different CoVs (i.e., mouse hepatitis virus [MHV], feline infectious peritonitis virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV). MHV assembly and release were, however, not appreciably affected by these compounds. The inhibitory effect on CoV protein expression did not appear to result from a general inhibition of translation due to induction of a cellular stress response by the inhibitors. Stress-induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) generally results in impaired initiation of protein synthesis, but the sensitivity of MHV infection to proteasome inhibitors was unchanged in cells lacking a phosphorylatable eIF2α. MHV infection was affected not only by inhibition of the proteasome but also by interfering with protein ubiquitination. Viral protein expression was reduced in cells expressing a temperature-sensitive ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 at the restrictive temperature, as well as in cells in which ubiquitin was depleted by using small interfering RNAs. Under these conditions, the susceptibility of the cells to virus infection was, however, not affected, excluding an important role of ubiquitination in virus entry. Our observations reveal an important role of the UPS in multiple steps of the CoV infection cycle and identify the UPS as a potential drug target to modulate the impact of CoV infection.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to acute isocapnic and poikilocapnic hypoxia in humans.

We examined the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to acute isocapnic (IH) and poikilocapnic hypoxia (PH) in 10 men (25.7 +/- 4.2 yr, mean +/- SD). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and mean peak middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (Vp) were measured continuously during two randomized protocols of 20 min of step IH and PH (45 Torr). HR was elevated during both IH (P < 0.01) and PH (P < 0.01), with no differences observed between conditions. MAP was modestly elevated across all time points during IH but only became elevated after 5 min during PH. During IH, Vp was elevated from baseline throughout the exposure with a consistent hypoxic sensitivity of approximately 0.34 cm x s(-1). %desaturation(-1) (P < 0.05). The Vp response to PH was biphasic with an initial decrease from baseline occurring at 79 +/- 23 s, followed by a subsequent elevation, becoming equivalent to the IH response by 10 min. The nadir of the PH response exhibited a hypoxic sensitivity of -0.24 cm x s(-1) x % desaturation(-1). When expressed in relation to end-tidal Pco2, a sensitivity of -1.08 cm x s(-1). Torr(-1) was calculated, similar to previously reported sensitivities to euoxic hypocapnia. Cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) was not changed during IH. During PH, an initial increase in CVR was observed. However, CVR returned to baseline by 20 min of PH. These data show the cerebrovascular response to PH consists of an early hypocapnia-mediated response, followed by a secondary increase, mediated predominantly by hypoxia.
Vitamin D: The secosteroid hormone and human reproduction

Vitamin D is a secosteroid with an endocrine mechanism of action which is sequentially synthesized in humans in the skin, liver and kidneys. The active hormone, 1α,25-dihydrocholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3], is often considered only in terms of its role in controlling calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. However, cumulative evidence points to the presence of vitamin D receptors in many tissues. The present article summarizes key points regarding the participation of vitamin D in pregnancy and breastfeeding. During pregnancy, sufficient vitamin D concentrations are needed not only to address the growing demand for calcium on the part of the fetus, but also to participate in fetal growth, development of the nervous system, lung maturation and fetal immune system function. Hypovitaminosis D has been related to the development of diabetes, pre-eclampsia and fetal neurological disorders. During pregnancy and lactation, calcium from the maternal skeleton is mobilized, with a rise in bone turnover and a reduction in bone mass. It is advisable for pregnant and nursing women to maintain adequate levels of vitamin D, through small doses of solar exposure to facilitate natural formation of the hormone or by ingesting appropriate vitamin supplements. Further studies are needed to clarify the many gaps in knowledge and elucidate the role of vitamin D in the context of reproduction. Confirmation of experimental observations relating to the risks of hypovitaminosis D would have important public health implications.
Cultural diversity of quality of information on Wikipedias

This article explores the relationship between linguistic culture and the preferred standards of presenting information based on article representation in major Wikipedias. Using primary research analysis of the number of images, references, internal links, external links, words, and characters, as well as their proportions in Good and Featured articles on the eight largest Wikipedias, we discover a high diversity of approaches and format preferences, correlating with culture. We demonstrate that high‐quality standards in information presentation are not globally shared and that in many aspects, the language culture's influence determines what is perceived to be proper, desirable, and exemplary for encyclopedic entries. As a result, we demonstrate that standards for encyclopedic knowledge are not globally agreed‐upon and “objective” but local and very subjective.
Permo-Triassic Extinctions: Relation to Sea-Floor Spreading

An analysis of the Permo-Triassic fauna and paleogeography on a stage-by-stage basis supports previous more general summaries by concluding that the number of families of marine invertebrates was significantly reduced (essentially halved) during the last three Permian stages (32 m.y.), and that the extinctions were not markedly selective. Shallow marine seas were reduced from a coverage of 40% of their possible distribution in the early Permian to less than 15% coverage in latest Permian, and then were expanded to 34% coverage in the lower Triassic. If this apparent reduction in shallow marine seas is due to selective erosion of late Permian sediments, there seems no way to account for it unless there was significant reduction in sea level. Alternatively, late Permian marine seas may never have been widespread, again due to lowering of sea level. The apparent late Permian marine regression is attributed to water withdrawing into a deepening ocean basin. The basaltic ocean bottom continued to sink during an unusually long period of cooling (and decreased buoyancy) of laterally spreading ocean ridges during a time of increased linking together of plates, and corresponding decreased rate of sea-floor spreading. Extinctions during the Recent are likely to result from competition and predation, often aided by habitat alteration. The effects of competition and predation are greatly enhanced if extensive habitat regions are reduced to habitat islands. With significant lowering of sea level, shallow epicontinental seas would become limited to continental margins. Geographic ranges of shallow marine species would correspondingly be reduced, and the probability of extinction therefore increased. Perhaps no extraordinary biologic process, atmospheric change, or astronomical event is necessary to account for "paleontology's outstanding dilemma. "