Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Performance-Portable, Scalable, and Convenient Linear Algebra

The rise of multi- and many-core architectures also gave birth to a plethora of new parallel programming models. Among these, the open industry standard OpenCL addresses this heterogeneity of programming environments by providing a unified programming framework. The price to pay, however, is that OpenCL requires additional low-level boilerplate code, when compared to vendor-specific solutions, even if only simple operations are to be performed. Also, the unified programming framework does not automatically provide any guarantees on performance portability of a particular implementation. Thus, device-specific compute kernels are still required for obtaining good performance across di_erent hardware architectures. We address both, the issue of programmability and portable performance, in this work: On the one hand, a high-level programming interface for linear algebra routines allows for the convenient specification of the operations of interest without having to go into the details of the underlying hardware. On the other hand, we discuss the underlying generator for device-specific OpenCL kernels at runtime, which is supplemented by an auto-tuning framework for portable performance as well as with work partitioning and task scheduling for multiple devices. Our benchmark results show portable performance across hardware from major vendors. In all cases, at least 75 percent of the respective vendortuned library was obtained, while in some cases we even outperformed the reference. We further demonstrate the convenient and e_cient use of our high-level interface in a multi-device setting with good scalability.
Sex-Dependent Dissociation between Emotional Appraisal and Memory: A Large-Scale Behavioral and fMRI Study

Extensive evidence indicates that women outperform men in episodic memory tasks. Furthermore, women are known to evaluate emotional stimuli as more arousing than men. Because emotional arousal typically increases episodic memory formation, the females' memory advantage might be more pronounced for emotionally arousing information than for neutral information. Here, we report behavioral data from 3398 subjects, who performed picture rating and memory tasks, and corresponding fMRI data from up to 696 subjects. We were interested in the interaction between sex and valence category on emotional appraisal, memory performances, and fMRI activity. The behavioral results showed that females evaluate in particular negative (p < 10−16) and positive (p = 2 × 10−4), but not neutral pictures, as emotionally more arousing (pinteraction < 10−16) than males. However, in the free recall females outperformed males not only in positive (p < 10−16) and negative (p < 5 × 10−5), but also in neutral picture recall (p < 3.4 × 10−8), with a particular advantage for positive pictures (pinteraction < 4.4 × 10−10). Importantly, females' memory advantage during free recall was absent in a recognition setting. We identified activation differences in fMRI, which corresponded to the females' stronger appraisal of especially negative pictures, but no activation differences that reflected the interaction effect in the free recall memory task. In conclusion, females' valence-category-specific memory advantage is only observed in a free recall, but not a recognition setting and does not depend on females' higher emotional appraisal.
Holostar thermodynamics

A simple thermodynamic model for the final state of a collapsed, spherically symmetric star is presented. It is assumed that at the end-point of spherically symmetric collapse the particles within the star become ultra relativistic and that their thermodynamic properties can be described by an ideal gas of ultra-relativistic fermions and bosons. The metric at the final stage of collapse is assumed to approach the static metric of the so called holographic solution, a new exact spherically symmetric solution to the Einstein field equations with zero cosmological constant. If the geometry of a collapsed star can be described by the holostar metric, the established picture of gravitational collapse of a relativistic star changes significantly. The metric-induced ”expansion” of space in combination with the quantum mechanical degeneracy pressure of its constituent matter allow a collapsing star to settle down to a thermodynamically stable state, which doesn’t have a point-mass at its center, irrespective of the star’s mass. The thermodynamical configuration of the holostar is stabilized by a non-zero chemical potential of the relativistic fermions, which is proportional to the local radiation temperature within the holostar. The non-zero chemical potential acts as a natural source for a significant matter-antimatter asymmetry in a self gravitating object. The final configuration has a radius slightly exceeding the gravitational radius of the star. The radial coordinate difference between gravitational and actual radius is of order of the Planck length and roughly proportional to the square root of the effective number of degrees of freedom of the particles within. The total number of ultra-relativistic particles within the star is proportional to its proper surface-area, measured in units of the Planck-area. The entropy per particle σ can be calculated from the thermodynamic model. σ >≃ π, nearly independent from the specifics of the thermodynamic model. This is first direct evidence for the microscopic-statistical nature of the Hawking entropy and indicates, that the holographic principle is valid for compact self gravitating objects of any size. email: mpetri@bfs.de
A Solution of the Isomorphism Problem for Circulant Graphs

The isomorphism problem for circulant graphs (Cayley graphs over the cyclic group) which has been open since 1967 is completely solved in this paper. The main result of the paper gives an efficient isomorphism criterion for circulant graphs of arbitrary order. This result also solves an isomorphism problem for colored circulant graphs and some classes of cyclic codes. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 05C60 (primary), 05C25, 05E30, 20B25 (secondary).
Tax-Induced Segmentation in the Tax Exempt Securities Market

Differences in tax treatment create distinct classes of tax-exempt bonds. Because bonds in each class are not perfect substitutes, the tax-exempt market is segmented and permanent yield differentials exist. This paper has four purposes: (I) to replicate, using more recent data, previous studies of the effects of tax-induced segmentation due to state tax differentials and bank-qualified status; (2) to extend the literature on tax-induced segmentation to include the effects due to the federal alternative minimum tax; (3) to extend the literature by examining tax segmentation effects across the term structure; and (4) to extend the literature by examining differential tax segmentation effects for bonds sold by competitive bidding and negotiation. The empirical results show that the alternative minimum tax induces additional segmentation in the taxexempt market that creates significant yield differentials. The findings also indicate that tax-induced segmentation effects vary by maturity and between bonds sold by competitive bidding and negotiation.
Moderating Role of Organizational Justice between Emotional Exhaustion and Job-Related Outcomes

Previous studies anticipated that there is need of justice in educational institutions in order to protect the academicians’ psychological as well as emotional needs under teaching profession. Therefore, the purpose of current study is to examine the moderating role of organizational justice between the relationship of emotional exhaustion and job-related outcomes (Teachers’ Learning, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational loyalty). In order to accomplish this purpose, the survey questionnaire method was used. The study is quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. 250 respondents were selected by applying simple random sampling. Results indicated that emotional exhaustion is significantly and negatively related to teachers’ learning and loyalty. Meanwhile, findings divulged the negative association between emotional exhaustion and teachers’ commitment. Moreover, results also enlightened that organizational justice (distributed justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice) significantly moderate on the relationship of emotional exhaustion and job-related outcomes (Teachers’ Learning, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational loyalty). This study enriches the body of knowledge regarding the moderating role of organizational justice as previous studies almost ignored it. It also gives insight understanding regarding the role of teachers’ emotional exhaustion towards their learning, loyalty, and commitment. Additionally, On the basis of these finding, organizations can make their employees more committed and loyal by reforming policies about organizational justice.
A model for studying the composition and chemical effects of stratospheric aerosols

We developed polynomial expressions for the temperature dependence of the mean binary and water activity coefficients for H2SO4 and HNO3 solutions. These activities were used in an equilibrium model to predict the composition of stratospheric aerosols under a wide range of environmental conditions. For typical concentrations of H2O, H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HBr, HF, and HOCl in the lower stratosphere, the aerosol composition is estimated as a function of the local temperature and the ambient relative humidity. For temperatures below 200 K, our results indicate that (1) HNO3 contributes a significant mass fraction to stratospheric aerosols, and (2) HCl solubility is considerably affected by HNO3 dissolution into sulfate aerosols. We also show that, in volcanically disturbed periods, changes in stratospheric aerosol composition can significantly alter the microphysics that leads to the formation of polar stratospheric clouds. The effects caused by HNO3 dissolution on the physical and chemical properties of stratospheric aerosols are discussed.
AE aquarii: How cataclysmic variables descend from supersoft binaries

AE Aquarii (AE Aqr) is a propeller system. It has the shortest spin period among cataclysmic variables (CVs), and this is increasing on a 107 yr time-scale. Its ultraviolet spectrum shows very strong carbon depletion versus nitrogen, and its secondary mass indicates a star far from the zero-age main sequence. We show that these properties strongly suggest that AE Aqr has descended from a supersoft X-ray binary. We calculate the evolution of systems descending through this channel, and show that many of them end as AM CVn systems. The short spin-down time-scale of AE Aqr requires a high birth rate for such systems, implying that a substantial fraction of cataclysmic variables must have formed in this way. A simple estimate suggests that this fraction could be of the order of one-third of current CVs. We emphasize the importance of measurements of the C/N abundance ratio in CVs, particularly via the C iv 1550/N v 1238 ratio, in determining how large the observed fraction is.
The e-puck, a Robot Designed for Education in Engineering

Mobile robots have the potential to become the ideal tool to teach a broad range of engineering disciplines. Indeed, mobile robots are getting increasingly complex and accessible. They embed elements from diverse ﬁelds such as mechanics, digital electronics, automatic control, signal processing, embedded programming, and energy management. Moreover, they are attractive for students which increases their motivation to learn. However, the requirements of an effective education tool bring new constraints to robotics. This article presents the e-puck robot design, which specifically targets engineering education at university level. Thanks to its particular design, the e-puck can be used in a large spectrum of teaching activities, not strictly related to robotics. Through a systematic evaluation by the students, we show that the e-puck ﬁts this purpose and is appreciated by 90 percent of a large sample of students.
The Shadow Costs of Repos and Bank Liability Structure

Making use of a structural model that allows for optimal liquidity management, we study the role that repos play in a bank׳s financing structure. In our model the bank׳s assets consist of illiquid loans and liquid reserves and are financed by a combination of repos, long-term debt, deposits and equity. Repos are a cheap source of funding, but they are subject to an exogenous rollover risk. We show that the use of repos inflicts two types of indirect (“shadow”) costs on the bank׳s shareholders: first, it induces the bank to maintain higher liquid reserves in order to alleviate the additional default risk; second, it adds to the cost of long-term debt financing. These shadow costs limit the bank׳s appetite for cheap but unstable repo funding. This effect is, however, weakened under poor returns on risky assets, access to deposit funding and the depositor preference rule. We also analyze the impact of a liquidity coverage ratio, payout restrictions and a leverage ratio on the bank׳s financing choices and show that all these tools are able to curb the bank׳s reliance on repos.
Is moral elevation an approach-oriented emotion?

Abstract Two studies were designed to test whether moral elevation should be conceptualized as an approach-oriented emotion. The studies examined the relationship between moral elevation and the behavioral activation and inhibition systems. Study 1 (N = 80) showed that individual differences in moral elevation were associated with individual differences in behavioral activation but not inhibition. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that an elevation-inducing video promoted equally high levels of approach orientation as an anger-inducing video and significantly higher levels of approach orientation than a control video. Furthermore, the elevation-inducing stimulus (vs. the control condition) significantly promoted prosocial motivation and this effect was sequentially mediated by feelings of moral elevation followed by an approach-oriented state. Overall the results show unambiguous support for the proposal that moral elevation is an approach-oriented emotion. Applied and theoretical implications are discussed.
A Private Sphere: Democracy in a Digital Age by Zizi A. Papacharissi

This book is not an easy one to read because it covers numerous historical, philosophical, and political theoretical aspects of digital democracy and new media. It also raises many issues about how we conceptualize democracy, citizenship, and political participation. This is quite a departure from the one-shot survey analysis that tells us that some form of political participation is significantly correlated with some form of online communication. To its credit, the book is not another installment of narratives about the glories or failures of the new media and how they democratize life or politics. Instead, it is an insightful book of issues that must be pondered in order to make useful arguments about new media convergence, the ever-present democratic potential of new media, and new forms of social structuration and identity made possible with new media networking. Older and newer conceptualizations of democracy are presented. Civic engagement and political engagement are discussed in ways that are not reduced to simplistic notions of flash mobs, wisdom of the crowds, ‘‘Arab spring’’ Twitter ‘‘revolutions,’’ and other common stories found in the news and some academic writings. Papacharissi develops an alternative to Habermas’s concept of the public sphere and presents it as something akin to Benkler’s concept of the networked public sphere. She links the latter concept to technological convergence and changing practices of citizenship. Despite this progress, citizenship and participation in democracy remain problematic in this new approach to engagement. One might wonder if citizens are simply being asked to adapt to a new model of political life in which there is a new normal of citizen as consumer rather than citizenship being something kept free from consumership. One might hope for a commitment to a model of democracy in this book that would make it possible to evaluate the political trajectories and ethics issues of new media networking. However, the author skillfully argues that democracy is an abstract concept that becomes material in varying ways in different times and cultural contexts. This leads her to argue that the digital side of political communication is as fluid as the variance in what we call democracies. She correctly notes that failure of nostalgic views of digital democracy to account for the elitist and exclusionary nature of past spheres of influence like salons, coffee houses, town hall meetings, etc. Once we get past nostalgia, we can examine the specific and current traits of new media usage that affect politics. Against a backdrop of findings that indicate widespread elitism and cynicism of citizens in contemporary democracy systems, Papacharissi argues that new
Deep Phenotyping of Coarse Root Architecture in R. pseudoacacia Reveals That Tree Root System Plasticity Is Confined within Its Architectural Model

This study aims at assessing the influence of slope angle and multi-directional flexing and their interaction on the root architecture of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, with a particular focus on architectural model and trait plasticity. 36 trees were grown from seed in containers inclined at 0° (control) or 45° (slope) in a glasshouse. The shoots of half the plants were gently flexed for 5 minutes a day. After 6 months, root systems were excavated and digitized in 3D, and biomass measured. Over 100 root architectural traits were determined. Both slope and flexing increased significantly plant size. Non-flexed trees on 45° slopes developed shallow roots which were largely aligned perpendicular to the slope. Compared to the controls, flexed trees on 0° slopes possessed a shorter and thicker taproot held in place by regularly distributed long and thin lateral roots. Flexed trees on the 45° slope also developed a thick vertically aligned taproot, with more volume allocated to upslope surface lateral roots, due to the greater soil volume uphill. We show that there is an inherent root system architectural model, but that a certain number of traits are highly plastic. This plasticity will permit root architectural design to be modified depending on external mechanical signals perceived by young trees.
The Geometric Mechanics of Undulatory Robotic Locomotion

This paper uses geometric methods to study basic problems in the mechanics and control of locomotion. We consider in detail the case of "undulatory locomotion" in which net motion is generated by coupling internal shape changes with external nonholonomic con straints. Such locomotion problems have a natural geometric inter pretation as a connection on a principal fiber bundle. The properties of connections lead to simplified results for studying both dynamics and issues of controllability for locomotion systems. We demonstrate the utility of this approach using a novel "snakeboard" and a mul tisegmented serpentine robot that is modeled after Hirose's active cord mechanism.
Music therapy for people with dementia.

BACKGROUND Dementia is a clinical syndrome with a number of different causes which is characterised by deterioration in cognitive functions. Research is pursuing a variety of promising findings for the treatment of dementia. Pharmacological interventions are available but have limited ability to treat many of the syndrome's features. Little research has been directed towards non-pharmacological treatments. In this review the evidence for music therapy as a treatment is examined. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of music therapy in the treatment of behavioural, social, cognitive and emotional problems of older people with dementia. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (CDCIG) Specialised Register was searched on 30 June 2003 using the term "music*". This Register contains records from all major health care databases and many ongoing trial databases and is updated regularly. The principal reviewer conducted additional searches to retrieve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effect of music therapy on older people with dementia. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials that reported clinically relevant outcomes associated with music therapy in treatment of behavioural, social, cognitive and emotional problems of older people with dementia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers screened retrieved studies independently for methodological quality using a checklist. Data from accepted studies were independently extracted by the reviewers. MAIN RESULTS Five studies were included. The methodological quality of the studies was generally poor and the study results could not be validated or pooled for further analyses. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS The methodological quality and the reporting of the included studies were too poor to draw any useful conclusions.
Effects of migration: an applied general equilibrium analysis for Belgium

To get an accurate picture of the effects of migration one needs to take into account all the channels through which immigration affects the economy. Applied general equilibrium analysis seems to be an appropriate tool. The first part of this paper describes in detail the construction and calibration of an applied general equilibrium model. The idea is to help readers interested in building an AGE model themselves to find their way into a widely used instrument for policy analysis. Although the model in this paper is built to simulate the impact of immigration in Belgium it can be applied or adapted to other countries looking at other policy questions. The second part of the paper simulates the effects of immigration within the AGE model. The results show that immigration may lead to impacts while macroeconomically beneficial, have significant adverse distributional implications. It appears that unskilled workers are disadvantaged by the inflow of immigrant households. They are confronted with a severe decline in factor income due to increased competition in the less skilled segment of the labour market. Unskilled households therefore experience a decline in real disposable income. On the contrary, households that are headed by skilled workers appear to benefit from immigration. On the production level all sectors can increase their total output due to immigration. The two sectors gaining most are agriculture and industrial production thereby increasing their market shares. Although construction also uses relatively more less skilled labour its increase in total output is not large enough to improve its market share probably because of the small share in household consumption. Other sectors with decreasing market shares are services and energy which use relatively more higher skilled labour and thus face increasing production costs. JEL classification: D58, F22, J61
Empirical Evidence for Hilberg ’ s Conjecture in Single-Author Texts

Hilberg’s conjecture is a statement that the mutual information between two adjacent blocks of text in natural language scales as n , where n is the block length. Previously, this hypothesis has been linked to Herdan’s law on the levels of word frequency and of text semantics. Thus it is worth a direct empirical test. In the present paper, Hilberg’s conjecture is tested for a selection of English prose using the Lempel-Ziv algorithm. An upper bound for the exponent β is found to be 0.949.