Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Emotional Process Theory of How Subordinates Appraise, Experience, and Respond to Abusive Supervision Over Time

With empirical research on abusive supervision flourishing, there is an increasing need for an integrative framework that accounts for how and why individuals vary in their perceptions, experiences, and responses to abuse over time. To address this need, we integrate theories of emotions to present a multiphase, episodic process model explaining how initial attributions and appraisals combine to give rise to three distinct emotions—anger, fear, and sadness—that, in turn, drive a range of behavioral responses. We build on this foundation to offer new propositions on how various person and situational factors combine at each phase to produce different emotional and behavioral pathways, and we further conceptualize how feedback loops linking the behavioral responses in one episode to the next can result in emotional modulations and increasing (or decreasing) trajectories of adaptation to abuse. We advance the abusive supervision literature by providing a dynamic framework that integrates and organizes existi.
Distress, race/ethnicity and smoking cessation in treatment-seekers: implications for disparity elimination.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Distress is a modifiable risk factor for smoking maintenance. This study aimed to assess racial/ethnic differences in distress pre- and post-cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation, and relations with abstinence. DESIGN Analyses of variance and logistic regressions were conducted. SETTING University-based smoking cessation laboratory in South Florida, USA. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 234 treatment-seekers recruited from the community (18% white, 60% African American and 22% Hispanic). INTERVENTION All participants received eight sessions of group CBT plus 8 weeks of transdermal nicotine patches (TNP). MEASUREMENTS Demographics and smoking history [baseline], perceived stress and depressive symptoms [baseline and end of therapy (EOT)], carbon monoxide-verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (p.p.a.) at EOT, 3 months post-CBT (primary outcome) and 6 months (self-report). FINDINGS Compared with whites, African Americans reported greater baseline perceived stress (P = 0.03) and depressive symptoms (P = 0.06); no EOT differences were found. African Americans (P < 0.001) and Hispanics (P < 0.01) reported greater perceived stress reduction, and African Americans reported greater reductions in depressive symptoms (P < 0.01). EOT-perceived stress (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.93 (0.89-0.98)) and depressive symptoms [AOR = 0.96 (0.93-0.99)] were associated inversely with 7-day p.p.a. at 3 months. Reductions in perceived stress [AOR = 0.93 (0.89-0.98)] and depressive symptoms at the EOT [AOR = 0.96 (0.93-0.99)] were associated with cessation, such that reduced distress increased the odds of abstinence. The interactions between race/ethnicity and distress on 7-day p.p.a. were not significant at any assessment point. CONCLUSIONS Among smokers in Florida, USA, racial/ethnic differences in distress before starting cognitive-behavioral therapy for smoking cessation were eliminated at the end of treatment, driven by improvements among African Americans and Hispanics. High levels of distress were associated with reduced odds of abstinence through 6 months across racial/ethnic groups.
On making war possible

The purpose of this article is to expose the existence of a recurring military grand narrative in the modern state-centric world. This narrative rests on techniques for codifying military discipline that appeared after the Middle Ages. It was then framed and diffused intertextually in classical military treatises thanks to the rediscovery of certain developments and concepts in the fields of geometry and perspective. According to the rules of this narrative, military actions are mostly described by mentioning the location and movements of (friendly or enemy) units deployed on a given terrain. This produced a geographical representation of war that is still largely relied upon by soldiers in contemporary armies (it will especially be found in current computerized systems available in contemporary military headquarters). The consequences of this narrative are manifold: (1) it participated in and assisted the reification and dehumanization of individuals as soldiers; (2) it acts as a rhetorical tool that rationalizes and naturalizes warfare; (3) and it strongly contributes to definitions of what war is in the modern state-centric world. In this way, it makes war possible.
Early-life Predictors of Human Longevity: Analysis of the XIXth Century Birth Cohorts

Les idees d’une origine fetale des maladies degeneratives adultes et d’une programmation des l’aube de l’existence de la sante du grand âge ou de la survie sont au cœur d’un vaste debat scientifique. Ces idees sont importantes pour apprehender les variations historiques de la longevite humaine, selon les perspectives suggerees par Robert Fogel et Dora Costa. Peut-on y deceler une maniere de rendre compte (au moins partiellement) des disparites existant entre sexes ? Cet article a pour objectif de mener une etude exploratoire sur les specificites sexuelles de la sante adulte, concues comme des effets de la situation prevalant aux jeunes âges. Dans cet article, nous travaillons sur un echantillon de 16 000 individus, issus de familles aristocratiques europeennes et nes dans les annees 1800-1880, pour lesquels nous utilisons une methode de suivi historique des cohortes de naissances. Grâce a une analyse regressive multivariee ou l’esperance de vie individuelle est concue comme une variable expliquee par un certain nombre de variables predictives nominales, nous obtenons confirmation du fait que l’esperance de vie adulte est modulee par les evenements et les conditions du debut de vie. Nous voyons notamment que des variables telles que le mois de naissance ou l’âge du pere lors de la conception de l’enfant ont des effets statistiquement significatifs sur l’esperance de vie a 30 ans des femmes, mais non sur celle des hommes. La distribution des longevites feminines selon le mois de naissance obeit a une courbe bimodale (ou en M), alors que le facteur saisonnier affecte peu les hommes. En outre, les filles concues par un pere âge de plus de 45 ans ont des esperances de vie adulte significativement raccourcies, ce qui n’est pas le cas de leurs homologues masculins. L’existence de deces d’enfants dans la fratrie (souvent concue comme un indicateur approximatif de la presence d’infections enfantines dans la famille) affecte negativement et significativement l’esperance de vie adulte des filles et des garcons, du moins pour les cohortes les plus recentes (1855-1880), suggerant un accroissement possible de la selectivite de la mortalite precoce. De fait, les resultats de cette etude plaident en faveur d’un approfondissement des recherches scientifiques sur l’idee d’une programmation au debut de l’existence de la longevite adulte.
The effect of bergamottin on diazepam plasma levels and P450 enzymes in beagle dogs.

Bergamottin, a furanocoumarin isolated from grapefruit juice, was investigated for the ability to increase diazepam bioavailability and for its effect on cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in the beagle dog liver and intestine. To study the effect of bergamottin on diazepam pharmacokinetics, male beagle dogs were dosed with bergamottin (1 mg/kg) p.o. 0 or 2 h before p.o. diazepam (10 mg). In a second experiment, bergamottin (0.1 mg/kg) was dosed i.v. or p.o. 1 h before p.o. diazepam (10 mg). Plasma samples were collected over 24 h postdose, analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass tandem spectrometry, and diazepam pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. To study the effect of bergamottin on P450 enzymes, beagle dog liver and jejunum was harvested after a 10-day dosing regimen of bergamottin (1 mg/kg) p.o. per day; microsomes were prepared and analyzed for CYP3A12, CYP2B11, CYP1A1/2, and tolbutamide hydroxylase activity. Bergamottin predosing increased the plasma levels of diazepam as observed by C(max) (278.75 ng/ml versus 5.49 ng/ml) and the area under the curve [AUC((0-TLDC))] (247.69 versus 2.79 ng x hr/ml) in bergamottin versus placebo groups, respectively, indicating P450 enzyme inhibition. Diazepam plasma concentrations were increased to a similar level in the presence of i.v. and p.o. administered bergamottin. In hepatic microsomes, bergamottin treatment for 10 days reduced the activity of CYP3A12 by 50% and CYP1A1/2 by 75%. Tolbutamide hydroxylase activity did not change, and CYP2B11 activity was moderately induced. In jejunal microsomes, CYP3A12 activity doubled with bergamottin treatment. CYP2B11, CYP1A1/2 activity and tolbutamide hydroxylation was not detected. In conclusion, bergamottin is both an inhibitor and an inducer of P450 enzymes.
Heterogeneity and Polarization of Macrophages and Microglia in the Demyelinating CNS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, and microglia and macrophages play important roles in its pathogenesis. The activation of microglia and macrophages accompanies disease development, whereas depletion of these cells significantly decreases disease severity. Microglia and macrophages usually have diverse and plastic phenotypes. Both pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory microglia and macrophages exist in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The polarization of microglia and macrophages may underlie the differing functional properties that have been reported. in this review, we discuss the responses and polarization of microglia and macrophages in MS, and their effects on its pathogenesis and repair. Harnessing their beneficial effects by modulating their polarization states holds great promise for the treatment of inflammatory demyelinating diseases.
DRAFT: P -ADIC DEFORMATIONS OF COHOMOLOGY CLASSES OF SUBGROUPS OF GL(N,Z): THE NON-ORDINARY CASE

Our paper [AS-Barcelona] presented a control theorem on the ordinary part of a p-adic deformation of the cohomology of congruence subgroups of GL(n,Z). In the current work, we present a different approach to this problem which enables us to work with a much larger part of the non-torsion part of the cohomology, including some of the non-ordinary part. What we lose is (1) the torsion in the cohomology; and (2) the parameter space for our deformation is now some undetermined polydisc of characters, rather than the whole space of characters. Our methods work just as well for any split Chevalley group, and probably for any arithmetic subgroup of any reductive Q-group which is quasi-split at p. We have chosen in this paper to restrict ourselves to GL(n)/Z in order to make the exposition as clear as possible. The basic setup is similar to [AS-Barcelona] except that we use a different base ring R of rigid analytic functions on the disc of characters rather than a completed group ring like Λ. We also find it easier to begin directly with the congruence subgroup that has p in the level. We follow Coleman’s approach [C] based on Serre’s p-adic theory [Se] of Banach modules over R with a completely continuous operator u. Coleman’s paper is written for GL(2) and it was developed for modular symbols by the second author [Stevens]. Our principal innovations here compared with the GL(2) case include the following: (1) Working with cohomology classes becomes trickier because now the cohomology is a subquotient of the cochains, whereas in the GL(2) case the cohomology could be viewed as a subset of modular symbols. We have to play off the strong and weak topologies against each other to show that the coboundaries are closed in the space of cochains. (2) Because of this, we
Developmental Changes in Human Duration Judgments: A Meta-Analytic Review

Abstract We reviewed 20 experiments comparing duration judgments made by children versus adolescents and adults. All used a prospective paradigm, in which participants knew they would have to make duration judgments. Meta-analyses revealed substantial age-related differences: Compared to older participants, children make larger verbal estimates, comparable productions, and shorter reproductions of duration. Children's duration judgments also show greater interindividual variability. We discuss physiological hypotheses concerning pacemaker rate and temperature or metabolic rate, along with cognitive hypotheses concerning duration units, memory processes, attentional resources, and impatience and waiting. At least two explanations are needed: Children have not yet accurately learned verbal labels for duration experiences, and they are impatient during relatively empty durations. Both can be interpreted in terms of an attentional-gate model.
Methodology for prediction and estimation of consequences of possible atmospheric releases of hazardous matter

There are objects with some periods of higher than normal levels of risk of accidental atmospheric releases (nu- clear, chemical, biological, etc.). Such accidents or events may occur due to natural hazards, human errors, terror acts, and during transportation of waste or various operations at high risk. A methodology for risk assessment is suggested and it includes two approaches: 1) probabilistic analysis of possible atmospheric transport patterns using long-term tra- jectory and dispersion modelling, and 2) forecast and evalua- tion of possible contamination and consequences for the en- vironment and population using operational dispersion mod- elling. The first approach could be applied during the prepa- ration stage, and the second - during the operation stage. The suggested methodology is applied on an example of the most important phases (lifting, transportation, and decommission- ing) of the "Kursk" nuclear submarine operation. It is found that the temporal variability of several proba- bilistic indicators (fast transport probability fields, maximum reaching distance, maximum possible impact zone, and av- erage integral concentration of 137 Cs) showed that the fall of 2001 was the most appropriate time for the beginning of the operation. These indicators allowed to identify the hypo- thetically impacted geographical regions and territories. In cases of atmospheric transport toward the most populated ar- eas, the forecasts of possible consequences during phases of the high and medium potential risk levels based on a unit hypothetical release (e.g. 1 Bq) are performed. The anal- ysis showed that the possible deposition fractions of 10 11 (Bq/m 2 ) over the Kola Peninsula, and 10 12 - 10 13 (Bq/m 2 ) for the remote areas of the Scandinavia and Northwest Russia could be observed. The suggested methodology may be used successfully for any potentially dangerous object involving risk of atmo- spheric release of hazardous materials of nuclear, chemical or biological nature.
Spinal cord injury: overview of experimental approaches used to restore locomotor activity

Abstract Spinal cord injury affects more than 2.5 million people worldwide and can lead to paraplegia and quadriplegia. Anatomical discontinuity in the spinal cord results in disruption of the impulse conduction that causes temporary or permanent changes in the cord’s normal functions. Although axonal regeneration is limited, damage to the spinal cord is often accompanied by spontaneous plasticity and axon regeneration that help improve sensory and motor skills. The recovery process depends mainly on synaptic plasticity in the preexisting circuits and on the formation of new pathways through collateral sprouting into neighboring denervated territories. However, spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury can go on for several years, and the degree of recovery is very limited. Therefore, the development of new approaches that could accelerate the gain of motor function is of high priority to patients with damaged spinal cord. Although there are no fully restorative treatments for spinal injury, various rehabilitative approaches have been tested in animal models and have reached clinical trials. In this paper, a closer look will be given at the potential therapies that could facilitate axonal regeneration and improve locomotor recovery after injury to the spinal cord. This article highlights the application of several interventions including locomotor training, molecular and cellular treatments, and spinal cord stimulation in the field of rehabilitation research. Studies investigating therapeutic approaches in both animal models and individuals with injured spinal cords will be presented.
Future treatment strategies in phenylketonuria q

1096-7192/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.ymgme. 2009.10. 008 Abbreviations: PKU, phenylketonuria; Phe, pheny hydroxylase; BBB, blood–brain barrier; IQ, intelligen ropeptide; PAL, phenylalanine-ammonia lyase; LNAA BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; FDA, Food and Drug Adm Medicines Agency; rAAV, recombinant adeno-associa q References to electronic databases: Phenylketonuri alanine hydroxylase, EC 1.14. 16.1, phenylalanine 4.3. 1.5). Conflict of interest disclosure: Dr. van Spronsen advisory board for phenylketonuria, which is supp Geneva, Switzerland. Dr. Enns reports serving on the data safety monitoring board for clinical trials invo phenylalanine-ammonia lyase and also is on the B speaker’s bureau for Kuvan . Funding statement: Dr. Arline and Pete Harman Scholarship. * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: f.j.van.spronsen@bkk.umcq. nl (F stanford.edu (G.M. Enns). Phenylketonuria (PKU) was the first inherited metabolic disease in which treatment was found to prevent clinical features of the disorder; dietary management was established almost 60 years ago. The institution of a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet in the first few weeks of life was made possible by Guthrie neonatal screening, which further increased effectiveness of therapy. Indeed, neonatal diagnosis of PKU followed by institution of a low-Phe diet has been a remarkable success in preventing the devastating brain damage associated with untreated PKU. Nevertheless, significant difficulties exist in caring for PKU patients, including problems with adhering to the prescribed dietary regimen and the presence of neurocognitive deficits despite therapy. During the past few years, several ideas for new treatment strategies have emerged. This review aims to address these treatment strategies based on theoretical considerations of the biochemistry and pathogenesis of PKU. Recent times have seen the introduction of a wide array of novel treatments currently in clinical use, including more palatable medical foods, glycomacropeptide, large neutral amino acids, and tetrahydrobiopterin. Human trials are underway using an enzymatic therapeutic approach, while preclinical work continues in the fields of gene and cellular therapy. These therapeutic strategies propose to treat PKU at various levels, including nutritional intake, gut, liver, and blood–brain barrier, and have the potential to further improve outcome in PKU. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Potential Role of Environmental Toxins in the Pathophysiology of Endometriosis

Environmental contaminants that are known to disrupt steroid action can influence the development of reproductive diseases. Our group has focused on whether 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) can disrupt steroid regulation of endometrial matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. The MMPs regulate extracellular matrix turnover in normal tissues, but the inappropriate expression of these enzymes is associated with numerous disease states that involve invasive processes. We have previously shown that secretion of MMPs by human endometrium is critical for establishment of ectopic lesions in a nude mouse model of experimental endometriosis. In this report, we show that TCDD exposure promotes establishment of experimental endometriosis by interfering with the ability of progesterone to suppress endometrial MMP expression.
Alcohol and community football in Australia

This paper focuses on spectators’ alcohol use at a regional community football (Australian Rules) club in Victoria, Australia, in the context of a season-long trial to sell only mid-strength (and not full-strength) beer at the ground during home games. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected on spectators’ alcohol choices and preferences together with experiences and attitudes towards the trial. A minority (31%) usually drank alcohol while watching the game and 75% of all supporters agreed with the supply of alcohol at football grounds. Full-strength beer was the drink of choice for 70% of drinkers and faced with a restricted choice of alcohol for purchase (that did not include full-strength beer), 44% reported they would choose full-strength mixed drinks as an alternative. Choosing higher alcohol content drinks if the usual choice was not available was also found in the case of mid-strength beer drinkers, half of whom would choose full-strength beer if mid-strength was unavailable. In bivariate correlations, women, those aged 30–39 years, home supporters and those who did not drink alcohol while spectating were significantly more likely to support the trial. In a regression model the significant predictors were refined to being: female, a non-drinker and aged 50–59 years. Qualitative data supported the idea that the trial had been successful in terms of supporter acceptance of the move to cease the sale of full- strength beer and indicated that the club’s relatively supportive and ‘family friendly’ culture was a key in overcoming earlier opposition to the trial. While the results of this evaluation are mainly positive, the club’s particular culture and leadership suggest that its experience may not be transferred in any automatic sense to other clubs both within and without its league where more ‘traditional’ patterns associated with masculinity and alcohol use may be more persistent and prevalent.
Masked translation priming: Varying language experience and word type with Spanish–English bilinguals

Spanish–English bilingual lexical organization was investigated using masked cognate and non-cognate priming with the lexical decision task. In Experiment 1, three groups of bilinguals (Spanish dominant, English dominant and Balanced) and a single group of beginning bilinguals (Spanish) were tested with Spanish and English targets primed by cognate and non-cognate translations. All the bilingual groups showed cognate but not non-cognate priming. This cognate priming effect was similar in magnitude to the within-language repetition priming effect; it did not vary across participants who had different second-language acquisition histories, nor was the size of the priming effect modulated by the direction of the translation. The beginning bilingual group only showed cognate priming when the primes were in Spanish (L1) and the targets in English (L2). In Experiment 2, both form-related and unrelated word baselines were used with a single group of bilinguals. The results were the same as Experiment 1: cognate priming and no non-cognate priming. Experiment 3 examined the cognate priming effect with reduced orthographic and phonological overlap. Despite this reduced form overlap, it was found that the cognate effect was the same size as the within-language repetition effect. These results indicate that cognate translations are special and ways of modifying models of bilingual lexical processing to reflect this were considered.