Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral antiplatelet therapy for atherothrombotic disease: overview of current and emerging treatment options

Clinical presentations of atherothrombotic vascular disease, such as acute coronary syndromes, ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease, are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Platelet activation and aggregation play a seminal role in the arterial thrombus formation that precipitates acute manifestations of atherothrombotic disease. As a result, antiplatelet therapy has become the cornerstone of therapy for the prevention and treatment of atherothrombotic disease. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitor, such as clopidogrel or prasugrel, is the current standard-of-care antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes managed with an early invasive strategy. However, these agents are associated with several important clinical limitations, including significant residual risk for ischemic events, bleeding risk, and variability in the degree of platelet inhibition. The residual risk can be attributed to the fact that aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors block only the thromboxane A2 and ADP platelet activation pathways but do not affect the other pathways that lead to thrombosis, such as the protease-activated receptor-1 pathway stimulated by thrombin, the most potent platelet agonist. Bleeding risk associated with aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors can be explained by their inhibitory effects on the thromboxane A2 and ADP pathways, which are critical for protective hemostasis. Interpatient variability in the degree of platelet inhibition in response to antiplatelet therapy may have a genetic component and contribute to poor clinical outcomes. These considerations underscore the clinical need for therapies with a novel mechanism of action that may reduce ischemic events without increasing the bleeding risk.
Agenda Setting and the “New” News

This study examines whether readers of the paper and online versions of a national newspaper acquire different perceptions of the importance of political issues. Using data from a weeklong experiment in which subjects either readthe print version of the New York Times, the online version of that paper, or received no special exposure, this study finds evidence that people exposed to the Times for 5 days adjusted their agendas in response to that exposure and that print readers modified their agendas differently than did online readers.
Semantic Feature Analysis as a Functional Therapy Tool

© NSSLHA 85 1092-5171/05/3202-0085 ABSTRACT: Semantic feature analysis (SFA) is a therapeutic technique that is used for the treatment of naming deficits occurring with aphasia. Aphasia commonly impairs a person’s ability to retrieve words easily, and speechlanguage pathologists (SLPs) often struggle to determine an effective means of facilitating this skill. SFA has been shown to improve naming of targeted items with generalization to control stimuli. SFA also teaches the individual with aphasia a process for accessing semantic networks and for self-cueing. This project examined the use of SFA to address naming deficits and measured the impact of SFA on connected speech output with an individual with moderate aphasia with both expressive and receptive components. The study was conducted in two phases: The first stage examined improvements in naming skills, and the second stage assessed improvements in connected speech. This individual demonstrated improvements in naming for trained and untrained stimuli and also increased in measures of connected speech from baseline over a 17-month period. The usefulness of SFA for practicing SLPs in the current health care service delivery system is discussed.
Frequency, Risk Factors, and Adverse Fetomaternal Outcomes of Placenta Previa in Northern Tanzania

Background and Objective. Placenta previa (PP) is a potential risk factor for obstetric hemorrhage, which is a major cause of fetomaternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to determine frequency, risk factors, and adverse fetomaternal outcomes of placenta previa in Northern Tanzania. Methodology. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using maternally-linked data from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre birth registry spanning 2000 to 2015. All women who gave birth to singleton infants were studied. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals for risk factors and adverse fetomaternal outcomes associated with PP were estimated in multivariable logistic regression models. Result. A total of 47,686 singleton deliveries were analyzed. Of these, the frequency of PP was 0.6%. Notable significant risk factors for PP included gynecological diseases, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, malpresentation, and gravidity ≥5. Adverse maternal outcomes were postpartum haemorrhage, antepartum haemorrhage, and Caesarean delivery. PP increased odds of fetal Malpresentation and early neonatal death. Conclusion. The prevalence of PP was comparable to that found in past research. Multiple independent risk factors were identified. PP was found to have associations with several adverse fetomaternal outcomes. Early identification of women at risk of PP may help clinicians prevent such complications.
International large-scale assessments, affective worlds and policy impacts in education

Abstract This paper examines the impact of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in two national policy contexts: Canada and Australia. Drawing on theories of globalisation and affect, the paper explores ‘catalyst data’ and its effects in these contexts to show how affective responses to mediations of PISA performance have become important levers for policy change. Two empirical cases of the role of data in the globalisation of schooling are discussed. The first case examines responses in Canada to the PISA 2012 results, which generated senses of anxiety among parents that coalesced into a view that Albertan schools faced a mathematics crisis. The second case interrogates how, since PISA 2009, a narrative about the declining quality of Australian schooling has become dominant in political discourse and in media representations. The paper compares and contrasts the affective effects of data across both contexts.
The Maximality of the Typed Lambda Calculus and of Cartesian Closed Categories

From the analogue of Boehm's Theorem proved for the typed lambda calculus, without product types and with them, it is inferred that every cartesian closed category that satisfies an equality between arrows not satisfied in free cartesian closed categories must be a preorder. A new proof is given here of these results, which were obtained previously by Richard Statman and Alex K. Simpson.
Série Scientifique Scientific Series the Importance of the Loss Function in Option Valuation the Importance of the Loss Function in Option Valuation

ASSOCIÉ À :. Institut de Finance Mathématique de Montréal (IFM 2). Laboratoires universitaires Bell Canada. Réseau de calcul et de modélisation mathématique [RCM 2 ]. Réseau de centres d'excellence MITACS (Les mathématiques des technologies de l'information et des systèmes complexes) Les cahiers de la série scientifique (CS) visent à rendre accessibles des résultats de recherche effectuée au CIRANO afin de susciter échanges et commentaires. Ces cahiers sont écrits dans le style des publications scientifiques. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l'unique responsabilité des auteurs et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners. Résumé / Abstract Quelle devrait être la fonction de perte utilisée pour l'estimation et l'évaluation des modèles de valorisation des options? Plusieurs fonctions ont été suggérées, mais aucune norme ne s'est imposée. Dans ce travail, nous ne proposons pas une fonction en particulier, mais nous soutenons que la cohérence dans le choix des fonctions est cruciale. Premièrement, pour n'importe quel modèle donné, la fonction de perte utilisée dans l'estimation des paramètres et dans l'évaluation du modèle devrait être la même, sinon on obtient des estimations de paramètres sous-optimaux. Deuxièmement, lors de la comparaison des modèles, la fonction de perte utilisée pour l'estimation devrait être la même pour chaque modèle, autrement les comparaisons sont injustes. Nous illustrons l'importance de ces questions dans une application du modèle appelé Black-Scholes du praticien (PBS) aux options de l'indice S&P500. Which loss function should be used when estimating and evaluating option valuation models? Many different functions have been suggested, but no standard has emerged. We emphasize that consistency in the choice of loss functions is crucial. First, for any given model, the loss function used in parameter estimation and model evaluation should be the same, otherwise suboptimal parameter estimates may be obtained. Second, when comparing models, the estimation loss function should be identical across models, otherwise inappropriate comparisons will be made. We illustrate the importance of these issues in an application of the so-called Practitioner Black-Scholes model to S&P 500 index options. Keywords: implied volatility functions; valuation errors; out-of-sample forecasting; parameter stability. the Econometric Society for helpful comments. We would also like to thank IFM2 of Montréal, FCAR …
Statistical inference of transcriptional module-based gene networks from time course gene expression profiles by using state space models

MOTIVATION Statistical inference of gene networks by using time-course microarray gene expression profiles is an essential step towards understanding the temporal structure of gene regulatory mechanisms. Unfortunately, most of the current studies have been limited to analysing a small number of genes because the length of time-course gene expression profiles is fairly short. One promising approach to overcome such a limitation is to infer gene networks by exploring the potential transcriptional modules which are sets of genes sharing a common function or involved in the same pathway. RESULTS In this article, we present a novel approach based on the state space model to identify the transcriptional modules and module-based gene networks simultaneously. The state space model has the potential to infer large-scale gene networks, e.g. of order 10(3), from time-course gene expression profiles. Particularly, we succeeded in the identification of a cell cycle system by using the gene expression profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which the length of the time-course and number of genes were 24 and 4382, respectively. However, when analysing shorter time-course data, e.g. of length 10 or less, the parameter estimations of the state space model often fail due to overfitting. To extend the applicability of the state space model, we provide an approach to use the technical replicates of gene expression profiles, which are often measured in duplicate or triplicate. The use of technical replicates is important for achieving highly-efficient inferences of gene networks with short time-course data. The potential of the proposed method has been demonstrated through the time-course analysis of the gene expression profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) undergoing growth factor deprivation-induced apoptosis. AVAILABILITY Supplementary Information and the software (TRANS-MNET) are available at http://daweb.ism. ac.jp/~yoshidar/software/ssm/.
CD4 down-modulation during infection of human T cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 involves independent activities of vpu, env, and nef

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genes vpu, env, and nef have all been implicated in modulating the levels of cell surface CD4 on infected cells. To quantitatively assess the relative contribution of each gene product to the regulation of CD4 during HIV infection of Jurkat T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we have developed an infectious HIV reporter system which expresses different combinations of these genes. To distinguish infected cells in the early or late stages of infection from uninfected cells, these viruses were designed to express human placental alkaline phosphatase with the kinetics of either early or late viral genes. Flow cytometry to detect placental alkaline phosphatase and CD4 in infected cells showed that vpu, env, and nef are independently capable of down-modulation of CD4. As predicted by their respective expression patterns, nef down-modulated CD4 rapidly during the early phase of virus infection whereas vpu and env functioned late in the infection. In both Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a combination of the three genes was more efficient than any one or two genes, demonstrating that all three genes are required to achieve maximal CD4 down-modulation. In primary cells, down-modulation of CD4 was less efficient than in Jurkat cells and there was a stronger dependence on nef function for reducing cell surface CD4. HIV therefore has three genes that are able to independently down-modulate CD4; together, they can eliminate the bulk of cell surface CD4.
Comparison of A and B Starch Granules from Three Wheat Varieties

Three starches from the wheat varieties AK58, ZM18 and YZ4110 were separated into large (A) and small (B) granules, which were characterized structurally and evaluated for their functional properties. SEM results showed that the size of A-granules from ZM18 and YZ4110 were about the same, but the sizes of A-granules and B-granules from AK58 were larger than those of ZM18 and YZ4110. FTIR spectra showed that all the samples exhibited a similar pattern, with seven main modes with maximum absorbance peaks near 3,500, 3,000, 1,600, 1,400, 1,000, 800, 500 cm−1. The B-granules of ZM18 and YZ4110 had less amylose content, although the difference among the total amylose contents of the three unfractionated starches was not significant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed predominantly A-type crystallinity for all the starches. The A-granules showed sharper XRD patterns than the other starches. DSC analysis showed that the A-granules had broader ranges of gelatinization temperatures than the B-granules from the same wheat variety. The gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) of A-granules was higher than that of B-granules. AK58 exhibited the smallest enthalpy, while ZM18 showed the largest enthalpy. In pasting tests, the A-granule starch of AK58 had higher peak, final and setback viscosity, lower breakdown and pasting temperature, and the B-granule starch and unfractionated starch of AK58 had lower peak, breakdown, final and setback viscosity and higher pasting temperature than ZM18 and YZ4110.
Quantum corrections to the thermodynamics of charged 2D black holes

We consider one-loop quantum corrections to the thermodynamics of a black hole in generic two-dimensional dilaton gravity. The classical action is the most general diffeomorphism invariant action in 1+1 space-time dimensions that contains a metric, dilaton, and Abelian gauge field, and having at most second derivatives of the fields. Quantum corrections are introduced by considering the effect of matter fields conformally coupled to the metric and nonminimally coupled to the dilaton. Back reaction of the matter fields (via nonvanishing trace conformal anomaly) leads to quantum corrections to the black hole geometry. Quantum corrections also lead to modifications in the gravitational action and hence in expressions for thermodynamic quantities. One-loop corrections to both geometry and thermodynamics (energy, entropy) are calculated for the generic theory. The formalism is then applied to a charged black hole in spherically symmetric gravity and to a rotating Ba\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole.
Total quality management and performance appraisal: an experimental study of process versus results and group versus individual approaches

This study investigated the effect of a process versus a results focus as well as a group versus individual-based approach to performance appraisals. Four experimental conditions were investigated, with dependent variables of appraisal satisfaction, perceived accuracy of the performance appraisal, expectations of performance improvement, and actual performance. The results showed that a process focus appraisal had a more positive impact than an exclusively results-oriented appraisal on ratee appraisal satisfaction, perceived appraisal accuracy, and expectations of performance improvement. Subjects receiving process appraisal feedback also showed a greater improvement in actual performance during a subsequent trial compared to subjects that did not receive process feedback. No differences were found between the group- and the individual-based performance appraisal conditions. Implications of these findings for appraisal processes in general, and total quality initiatives in particular, are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suicide and Suicidal Attempts in the United States: Costs and Policy Implications

The national cost of suicides and suicide attempts in the United States in 2013 was $58.4 billion based on reported numbers alone. Lost productivity (termed indirect costs) represents most (97.1%) of this cost. Adjustment for under‐reporting increased the total cost to $93.5 billion or $298 per capita, 2.1–2.8 times that of previous studies. Previous research suggests that improved continuity of care would likely reduce the number of subsequent suicidal attempts following a previous nonfatal attempt. We estimate a highly favorable benefit–cost ratio of 6 to 1 for investments in additional medical, counseling, and linkage services for such patients.
Analysis of takeover time and convergence rate for harmony search with novel selection methods

Recently, common selection schemes used in harmony search algorithm (HSA) are altered in memory consideration operation to imitate the natural selection principle of survival of the fittest. The selection schemes adopted include: random, proportional, tournament, and linear rank. In this paper, these selection schemes are analysed in order to evaluate their effect on the performance of HSA. The analysis considers takeover time and convergence rate to measure the effectiveness of each selection scheme. Furthermore, a scaled proportional selection scheme is proposed to replace the proportional selection scheme to overcome its shortcoming with negative fitness values. To study the effect of these different selection schemes we use eight global optimisation functions with different characteristics. An experimental evaluation show that linear rank selection provides the highest convergence speed and highest takeover time. On the other hand, scaled proportional selection provides the slowest convergence speed and slowest takeover time. This indicates the effect of the type of the selection method used in memory consideration in takeover time and convergence rate.
Perceptions of Psychological Interventions in the Context of Sport Injury Rehabilitation

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate perceptions of three different psychological interventions in the context of sport injury rehabilitation. In Experiment 1, college students (N = 161) rated their perceptions of goal setting, imagery, or counseling as an adjunct to physical therapy for a hypothetical injured athlete. In Experiment 2, injured athletes (N = 20) received brief introductory sessions of goal setting, imagery, and counseling. Subjects’ perceptions were assessed immediately following each intervention. In both experiments, subjects displayed a preference for goal setting, although positive perceptions were obtained for all three interventions. Females’ perceptions of the interventions were significantly more positive than those of males in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. The findings suggest that goal setting, imagery, and counseling are sufficiently credible to be examined in controlled outcome studies with injured athletes.
The Effect of Bad News and CEO Apology of Corporate on User Responses in Social Media

While social media has become an important platform for social reputation, the emotional responses of users toward bad news have not been investigated thoroughly. We analyzed a total of 20,773 Twitter messages by 15,513 users to assess the influence of bad news and public apology in social media. Based on both computerized, quantitative sentiment analysis and in-depth qualitative analysis, we found that rapid public apology effectively and immediately reduced the level of negative sentiment, where the degree of change in sentiments differed by the type of interactions users engaged in. The majority of users who directly conversed with corporate representatives on the new media were not typical consumers, but experts and practitioners. We extend the existing cognitive model and suggest the audiences’ psychological reaction model to describe the information processing process during and after an organizational crisis and response. We also discuss various measures through which companies can respond to a crisis properly in social media in a fashion that is different from conventional mass media.
Tinbergen Institute The Tinbergen Institute is the institute for economic research of the Erasmus Universiteit

This paper investigates the impact of parental edu cation on child health outcomes. To identify the causal effect we explore exogenous variation in parental education induced by a schooling reform in 1947, wh ich raised the minimum school leaving age in the UK. Findings based on data from the National Child Development Study suggest that postponing the school leaving ag e by one year had little effect on the health of their offspring. Schooling did however im prove economic opportunities by reducing financial difficulties among households. W e conclude from this that the effects of parental income on child health are at most mode st.
L-ferritin transfection with siRNAs and cDNAs: evidence for a proliferative role of Analysis of the biologic functions of H- and L-ferritins in HeLa cells by

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On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey

Handwriting has continued to persist as a means of communication and recording information in day-to-day life even with the introduction of new technologies. Given its ubiquity in human transactions, machine recognition of handwriting has practical significance, as in reading handwritten notes in a PDA, in postal addresses on envelopes, in amounts in bank checks, in handwritten fields in forms, etc. This overview describes the nature of handwritten language, how it is transduced into electronic data, and the basic concepts behind written language recognition algorithms. Both the online case (which pertains to the availability of trajectory data during writing) and the off-line case (which pertains to scanned images) are considered. Algorithms for preprocessing, character and word recognition, and performance with practical systems are indicated. Other fields of application, like signature verification, writer authentification, handwriting learning tools are also considered.