Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mothers as gatekeepers: A model of maternal mediators of father involvement.

Abstract A model of maternal characteristics posited to mediate frequency of father involvement with children in intact families was evaluated. A structured, standardized questionnaire that assessed several exogenous variables (satisfaction with marriage, employment status, and social support; personal attributes of mothers and children) as well as two maternal mediators (importance of and satisfaction with father involvement) was administered to 144 mothers. Multiple regression analyses indicate that 79% of the variation in the mothers' reports of frequency of father involvement was explained directly by the maternal mediators, marital satisfaction, and age of child. Maternal ratings of the importance of father involvement and satisfaction with father involvement reliably mediated the effects of age of child, satisfaction with social support, satisfaction with employment status, and satisfaction with marriage. The results support the value of an ecological perspective for understanding the myriad factors.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEURAL NETWORKS FOR RESONANT FREQUENCY COMPUTATION OF ELECTRICALLY THIN AND THICK CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS

Neural models for calculating the resonant frequency of electrically thin and thick circular microstrip antennas, based on the multilayered perceptrons and the radial basis function networks, are presented. Five learning algorithms, delta-bar-delta, extended delta-bar-delta, quick-propagation, directed random search and genetic algorithms, are used to train the multilayered perceptrons. The radial basis function network is trained according to its learning strategy. The resonant frequency results obtained by using neural models are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.
Performance Enhancement of GaN-Based Laser Diodes With Prestrained Growth

Effects of the prestrained growth of a low-In InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) before the designated light-emitting high-In InGaN/GaN multi quantum wells (MQWs) in GaN-based laser diodes (LDs) are numerically investigated. Simulation results show that the inserted low-In InGaN/GaN QW does not remarkably change the absorption loss, and the ratio of recombination current of low-In InGaN/GaN QW over injection current is very small, especially after LD is lasing. However, it weakens the polarization fields, resulting in less tilted energy bands, and the overlap of electron-hole pairs is greatly increased, which reduces threshold carrier concentrations of MQWs, leakage current, and nonradiative recombination. The performance of LD is enhanced. Threshold current is reduced by 19%, and output power is increased by 59% at the injection current of 120 mA.
FusionNet: Fusing via Fully-Aware Attention with Application to Machine Comprehension

This paper introduces a new neural structure called FusionNet, which extends existing attention approaches from three perspectives. First, it puts forward a novel concept of "history of word" to characterize attention information from the lowest word-level embedding up to the highest semantic-level representation. Second, it introduces an improved attention scoring function that better utilizes the "history of word" concept. Third, it proposes a fully-aware multi-level attention mechanism to capture the complete information in one text (such as a question) and exploit it in its counterpart (such as context or passage) layer by layer. We apply FusionNet to the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) and it achieves the first position for both single and ensemble model on the official SQuAD leaderboard at the time of writing (Oct. 4th, 2017). Meanwhile, we verify the generalization of FusionNet with two adversarial SQuAD datasets and it sets up the new state-of-the-art on both datasets: on AddSent, FusionNet increases the best F1 metric from 46.6% to 51.4%; on AddOneSent, FusionNet boosts the best F1 metric from 56.0% to 60.7%.
Optimizing Neural Networks with Kronecker-factored Approximate Curvature

We propose an efficient method for approximating natural gradient descent in neural networks which we call Kronecker-Factored Approximate Curvature (K-FAC). K-FAC is based on an efficiently invertible approximation of a neural network's Fisher information matrix which is neither diagonal nor low-rank, and in some cases is completely non-sparse. It is derived by approximating various large blocks of the Fisher (corresponding to entire layers) as being the Kronecker product of two much smaller matrices. While only several times more expensive to compute than the plain stochastic gradient, the updates produced by K-FAC make much more progress optimizing the objective, which results in an algorithm that can be much faster than stochastic gradient descent with momentum in practice. And unlike some previously proposed approximate natural-gradient/Newton methods which use high-quality non-diagonal curvature matrices (such as Hessian-free optimization), K-FAC works very well in highly stochastic optimization regimes. This is because the cost of storing and inverting K-FAC's approximation to the curvature matrix does not depend on the amount of data used to estimate it, which is a feature typically associated only with diagonal or low-rank approximations to the curvature matrix.
Effects of Weaning Age, Creep Feeding, and Type of Creep on Steer Performance, Carcass Traits, and Economics

ABSTRACT Spring-born, Angus × Simmental steers (n = 168) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: early wean with program-fed high concentrate (EWP), normal wean with creep (NWC), normal wean with fiber creep (NWF), and normal wean with no creep (CON). Steers were weaned at 63 ± 1.3 d or 189 ± 1.3 d of age. The EWP steers were program-fed a high-concentrate diet to gain the same as steers on the 2 creep-fed treatments from the time of early weaning un-til normal weaning. The NWC had greater (P
Change in Children's Competence Beliefs and Subjective Task Values across the Elementary School Years: A 3-Year Study.

The authors assessed change over 3 years in elementary school children's competence beliefs and subjective task value in the domains of math, reading, instrumental music, and sports. The longitudinal sample consisted of approximately 615 mostly White, lower middle to middle-class children. Stability correlations indicated moderate to strong stability in children's beliefs, especially older children's competence beliefs. The relation of children's ratings of their competence in each domain to estimates of their competence in those domains provided by both parents and teachers increased over the early elementary grades. Children's competence beliefs and ratings of the usefulness and importance of each activity decreased over time. Children's interest in reading and instrumental music decreased, but their interest in sports and math did not. Gender differences in children's competence beliefs and subjective task values did not change over time.
Comparison of Cultivars and Seasonal Variation in Blueberry (Vaccinium Species) Leaf Extract on Adult T-Cell Leukemia Cell Line Growth Suppression

The inhibitory effects of blueberry leaves on the proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cell lines have previously been reported. A comparison of blueberry leaf extracts from different cultivars and seasonal variation were investigated regarding their effects on ATL cell line proliferation. The inhibitory effects of 80% ethanol leaf extracts from different blueberry cultivars collected from April to December in 2006 or 2008 were evaluated using two ATL cell lines. The bioactivities of leaf extracts of rabbit-eye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton; RB species), southern highbush blueberry (V. spp.; SB species), northern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.; NB species), and wild blueberry (V. bracteatum Thunb.; WB species) were compared. Of these, leaves of the RB species collected in December showed a significantly stronger inhibitory effect in both cell lines than the SB, NB, or WB species. These results suggest elevated biosynthesis of ATL-preventative bioactive compounds in the leaves of the RB species before the defoliation season.
Holder functions and deception of genetic algorithms

We present a deception analysis for Holder functions. Our approach uses a decomposition on the Haar basis, which reflects in a natural way the Holder structure of the function. This allows the relation of the deception, the Holder exponent, and some parameters of the genetic algorithms (GAs). These results prove that deception is connected to the irregularity of the fitness function and shed a new light on the schema theory. In addition, this analysis may assist in understanding the influence of some of the parameters on the performance of a GA.
Intensive multi‐family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa: an open study of 30 families

The article reports on an innovative treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) – intensive multi-family therapy – in terms of symptoms, patients’ and parental psychological functioning and treatment acceptability. In all, thirty patients and their families took part in the study and were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. At 6 months two-thirds had gained sufficient weight to be in the normal weight range with significant improvements in AN cognition, mood and self-esteem. Only two of the thirty families discontinued treatment early and both patients and parents scored high on treatment satisfaction, though parents scored significantly higher than patients. These results compare favourably with outcome data from larger more rigorous evaluations of single family therapy for adolescent AN currently considered to be the treatment of choice. While larger, randomized studies are needed, the results are promising and suggest that multi-family therapy may be a useful additional treatment approach for this group of young people. Practitioner points Multi-family therapy may provide an effective intervention for adolescent anorexia nervosa and compares well with other, more rigorously evaluated interventions. Multi-family therapy is highly successful in engaging families in treatment leading to minimal dropout rates. Satisfaction with multi-family therapy is high for both adolescents and parents.
Clinical Prognosis in Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis: The Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein

Neonates are at high risk of meningitis and of resulting neurologic complications. Early recognition of neonates at risk of poor prognosis would be helpful in providing timely management. From January 2008 to June 2014, we enrolled 232 term neonates with bacterial meningitis admitted to 3 neonatology departments in Shanghai, China. The clinical status on the day of discharge from these hospitals or at a postnatal age of 2.5 to 3 months was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Patients were classified into two outcome groups: good (167 cases, 72.0%, GOS = 5) or poor (65 cases, 28.0%, GOS = 1–4). Neonates with good outcome had less frequent apnea, drowsiness, poor feeding, bulging fontanelle, irritability and more severe jaundice compared to neonates with poor outcome. The good outcome group also had less pneumonia than the poor outcome group. Besides, there were statistically significant differences in hemoglobin, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, C-reaction protein, procalcitonin, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and CSF protein. Multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that poor feeding, pneumonia and CSF protein were the predictors of poor outcome. CSF protein content was significantly higher in patients with poor outcome. The best cut-offs for predicting poor outcome were 1,880 mg/L in CSF protein concentration (sensitivity 70.8%, specificity 86.2%). After 2 weeks of treatment, CSF protein remained higher in the poor outcome group. High CSF protein concentration may prognosticate poor outcome in neonates with bacterial meningitis.
USING VOICE SEGMENTS TO IMPROVE ARTIST CLASSIFICATION OF MUSIC

Is it easier to identify musicians by listening to their voic es or their music? We show that for a small set of pop and rock songs, automatically-located singing segments form a more reliable basis for classification than using the entire trac k, suggesting that the singer’s voice is more stable across dif ferent performances, compositions, and transformations d ue to audio engineering techniques than the instrumental background. The accuracy of a system trained to distinguish among a set of 21 artists improves by about 15% (relative to the basel ine) when based on segments containing a strong vocal component, whereas the system suffers by about 35% (relative) when music-only segments are used. In another experiment on a smaller set, however, performance drops by about 35% (relative) when the training and test sets are selected from different albums, suggesting that the system is learning al bum-specific properties possibly related to audio producti on techniques, musical stylistic elements, or instrumentati on, even when attention is directed toward the supposedly more stable vocal regions.
Anterior cingulate activity as a predictor of degree of treatment response in major depression: evidence from brain electrical tomography analysis.

OBJECTIVE The anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in depression. Results are best interpreted by considering anatomic and cytoarchitectonic subdivisions. Evidence suggests depression is characterized by hypoactivity in the dorsal anterior cingulate, whereas hyperactivity in the rostral anterior cingulate is associated with good response to treatment. The authors tested the hypothesis that activity in the rostral anterior cingulate during the depressed state has prognostic value for the degree of eventual response to treatment. Whereas prior studies used hemodynamic imaging, this investigation used EEG. METHOD The authors recorded 28-channel EEG data for 18 unmedicated patients with major depression and 18 matched comparison subjects. Clinical outcome was assessed after nortriptyline treatment. Of the 18 depressed patients, 16 were considered responders 4-6 months after initial assessment. A median split was used to classify response, and the pretreatment EEG data of patients showing better (N=9) and worse (N=9) responses were analyzed with low-resolution electromagnetic tomography, a new method to compute three-dimensional cortical current density for given EEG frequency bands according to a Talairach brain atlas. RESULTS The patients with better responses showed hyperactivity (higher theta activity) in the rostral anterior cingulate (Brodmann's area 24/32). Follow-up analyses demonstrated the specificity of this finding, which was not confounded by age or pretreatment depression severity. CONCLUSIONS These results, based on electrophysiological imaging, not only support hemodynamic findings implicating activation of the anterior cingulate as a predictor of response in depression, but they also suggest that differential activity in the rostral anterior cingulate is associated with gradations of response.
Visually impaired children's strategies for memorising a map

This article describes research carried out in 1993. 24 children with visual impairments and 22 sighted children (aged seven to 13 years) were asked to learn a tactile map and then reconstruct it from memory. While the children were learning the map they gave a continuous commentary on what they were doing and thinking. The commentaries and map reconstructions were analysed to identify and assess the learning strategies which the children used to memorise the map. Overall, the reconstructions made by children with visual impairments were less accurate than the ones made by sighted children. However, it was noted that most of the children with visual impairments used strategies which were inappropriate for the task. It is suggested that teaching appropriate learning strategies would improve the ability of visually impaired children to encode information from tactile maps.
Parent-, Teacher-, and Self-Rated Motivational Styles in ADHD Subtypes

The motivational styles of 25 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD/C),13 children with ADHD, inattentive type (ADHD/IA), and 25 nondiagnosed controls (NC) were compared using parent, teacher, and self-ratings. Both ADHD subtypes demonstrated motivational impairment characterized by a preference for easy work, less enjoyment of learning, less persistence, and a greater reliance on external than on internal standards to judge their performance relative to NC. Some motivational style differences between ADHD subtypes were also revealed, with the ADHD/C group more motivated by competitiveness and a desire to be perceived as superior to others and the ADHD/IA group less uncooperative and possibly more passive in their learning styles. When IQ was statistically controlled, these results were generally unchanged. The contributing role of motivational deficits to the generally poor academic functioning of children with ADHD is discussed, along with potential intervention implications of the divergent motivational styles of different ADHD subtypes.
Social support and depression as risk factors for loss of physical function in late life

Abstract Poor physical function status in elders is a robust predictor of not only medical service use and institutionalization but also mortality. We assessed whether depressive symptoms and low social support would predict deficits in three domains of physical function among 3,240 community-dwelling older adults in the Piedmont of North Carolina over one year. Between 7-23% of the sample declined in functional ability, depending on the domain tested. Depressive symptoms and receipt of instrumental support predicted declines in all domains of physical function. Giving instrumental support and subjective social support protected elders against declines, and subjective social support buffered the detrimental effect of depression on risk of physical decline. This study suggests that significant risk of functional impairment could be reduced among elderly persons if coincidental depressive symptoms could be alleviated and/or deficits in their social environment remedied.
A qualitative study of how young Scottish smokers living in disadvantaged communities get their cigarettes.

INTRODUCTION Reducing access to cigarettes is an important element of youth smoking prevention strategies. This is particularly so in disadvantaged communities that have high rates of youth smoking. In 2010, Scotland banned proxy sales of tobacco products to under 18-year-olds who were getting older people to purchase cigarettes on their behalf. METHODS A qualitative study using 24 small single-sex friendship groups. Eighty young people, mostly aged 14-16, of whom 57 were smokers, were recruited in 2012 from community youth groups in 3 socially disadvantaged areas of Scotland. RESULTS Participants' main sources of cigarettes were proxy sales, family, and peers and friends. Younger smokers were more likely to purchase single cigarettes from older smokers at school and to steal cigarettes from family members. Older and regular smokers were more likely to obtain cigarettes through proxy purchases. Proxy purchases were often facilitated by problem drug users who were willing to buy cigarettes for a small monetary reward. Direct purchases in shops were less commonly reported but appeared to involve complicit action by some retailers. Few reported that they bought blackmarket cigarettes, although they were available in these communities. CONCLUSIONS Young people in areas of deprivation are still able to circumvent the age-of-sale legislation on selling cigarettes. Even though proxy sales have been banned, they are an important source of cigarettes for disadvantaged young smokers.
Gender Roles and Expectations

One consequence of the advent of cyber communication is that increasing numbers of people go online to ask for, obtain, and presumably act upon advice dispensed by unknown peers. Just as advice seekers may not have access to information about the identities, ideologies, and other personal characteristics of advice givers, advice givers are equally ignorant about their interlocutors except for the bits of demographic information that the latter may offer freely. In the present study, that information concerns sex. As the sex of the advice seeker may be the only, or the predominant, contextual variable at hand, it is expected that that identifier will guide advice givers in formulating their advice. The aim of this project is to investigate whether and how the sex of advice givers and receivers affects the type of advice, through the empirical analysis of a corpus of web-based Spanish language forums on personal relationship difficulties. The data revealed that, in the absence of individuating information beyond that implicit in the advice request, internalized gender expectations along the lines of agency and communality are the sources from which advice givers draw to guide their counsel. This is despite the trend in discursive practices used in formulating advice, suggesting greater language convergence across sexes.
The Preferred Principal: Leadership Traits, Behaviors, and Gender Characteristics School Teachers Desire in a Building Leader

This study of 2,802 teachers and 129 school administrators sought to determine the gender, leadership traits, and leadership behaviors most preferred by teachers in Kentucky. Principals were also surveyed to establish which traits they felt were most important for a school leader to possess, and to determine the frequency at which they practiced various leadership behaviors. Participants were from 194 public elementary, middle, and high schools in thirty-two Kentucky school districts. Leadership traits were based on Marzano, Waters, and McNulty’s (2005) twenty-one responsibilities of school leaders. Teachers and principals were asked to indicate the level of importance for school administrators to practice each of the twenty-one traits. The leadership behaviors portion of the surveys included eight transactional and eight transformational behaviors, which were not identified in the survey as such. Teachers were asked to determine how important it was for principals to exhibit the behaviors, while principals self-assessed the frequency at which they practiced each of the leadership behaviors. Results indicated that while the majority of male and female teachers had no preference in regard to their principal’s gender, each group had a significantly higher preference for males. Teachers and administrators in nearly every demographic category (gender, years of experience, grade level of school, leadership experience, and education level) chose communication as the most important trait for a principal to possess. Other traits, including discipline, culture, visibility, and focus, were among those deemed most important by both teachers and principals. Teachers generally had a higher preference for transformational behaviors rather than transactional behaviors, and principals indicated that the behaviors they practiced were more often transformational. Implications for practice include opportunities for school leaders to analyze their own traits and behaviors and compare them to those most highly preferred by teachers. University preparation programs can present the findings to aspiring administrators. Schools and districts can use the survey format for principal selection and to evaluate whether principals’ traits and behaviors match those desired by faculty.