Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Everolimus and Basiliximab Permit Suppression by Human CD4+CD25+ Cells in vitro

Immunosuppressive drugs are essential for the prevention of acute transplant rejection but some may not promote long‐term tolerance. Tolerance is dependent on the presence and regulatory function of CD4+CD25+ T cells in a number of animal models. The direct effects of immunosuppressive drugs on CD4+CD25+ cells, particularly those that interfere with IL‐2 signaling are uncertain. We studied the effects of the rapamycin derivative everolimus and the anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody basiliximab on the regulatory capacity of human CD4+CD25+ cells in vitro. Both drugs permitted the suppression of proliferation and IFN‐γ secretion by CD4+CD25− cells responding to allogeneic and other polyclonal stimuli; CTLA‐4 expression was abolished on CD4+CD25+ cells without compromising their suppressive ability. Everolimus reduced IFN‐γ secretion by CD4+CD25− cells before the anti‐proliferative effect: this is a novel finding. Exogenous IL‐2 and IL‐15 could prevent the suppression of proliferation by CD4+CD25+ cells and the drugs could not restore suppression. By contrast, suppression of IFN‐γ secretion was only slightly impeded with the exogenous cytokines. Finally, CD4+CD25+ cells were more resistant than CD4+CD25− cells to the pro‐apoptotic action of the drugs. Together these data suggest that CD4+CD25+ cells may still exert their effects in transplant patients taking immunosuppression that interferes with IL‐2 signaling.
Beyond externalism. Exploring new directions in the history of archaeology

Abstract In recent years archaeologists have celebrated the emergence of a critical history of archaeology which has assumed a central position in disciplinary debates. This new historiography has been characterized by the adoption of an externalist or contextual approach primarily concerned with how social, economic and political conditions have influenced the interpretation of archaeological data. While externalism has played an essential role in the recognition of the history of archaeology as a field, I suggest in this article that it is time for historians to explore new ways of conceptualizing the social dimensions of archaeological knowledge. In particular, I consider how certain debates held by historians and sociologists of science during the last years can encourage historians of archaeology to enquire more critically about the blurry boundaries between ‘archaeology’ and its ‘context’.
Testing the Message: Making Sense of Converging Multimodal Messages in a Foodborne Illness Outbreak

OF DISSERTATION TESTING THE MESSAGE: MAKING SENSE OF CONVERGING MULTIMODAL MESSAGES IN A FOODBORNE ILLNESS OUTBREAK The goal of risk and crisis communication is to reduce and contain the harm inherent in a threat. In order to achieve this goal, risk and crisis scholars call for continued testing of messages surrounding these events; specifically, messages that address the needs of the at-risk message receiver. Previous scholarship suggests that these messages should include adapting and instructing information (Coombs, 2012), and should be designed using pedagogically sound instructional approaches (Frisby, Sellnow, Sellnow, Lane, & Veil, 2011; Sellnow & Sellnow, 2010). In order to meet this call, this dissertation tested an instructionally sound message that includes both adapting and instructing information related to a foodborne illness event including a hypothetical E. coli contamination in ground beef affecting the state of Kentucky. Foodborne illness outbreaks are unique in that they must address those at risk of contamination while simultaneously addressing the needs of those experiencing the crisis (i.e. those already contaminated). The research tested the ability of participants to make positive sense of risk message related to the E. coli outbreak; specifically exploring the effect of augmenting traditional video warning messages with converging Twitter messages and positive sensemaking on behavioral intentions and self-efficacy. Results indicate that individuals who are able to make positive sense of the message, report greater selfefficacy and behavioral intentions in line with message recommendations. Further, individuals who receive an IDEA model message and converging Twitter messages report greater attitudes and beliefs related to the message than individuals who receive a traditional video warning message. These findings indicate a need for continued research on the role of positive sensemaking and the type of message received as they directly affect perceptions of messages and intentions to comply with recommendations.
The Soul Searching Within New Labour

I am extremely grateful to the Durham University Professor and theMember of Parliament for the City of Durham (Tim Blackman & RobertaBlackman-Woods, 2007) for their response to my viewpoint on ‘Inequalitiesin Britain 1997-2006: the dream that turned pear-shaped’ (Dorling, 2006). Far too little has been written from those still inside of the government, andits political party, that helps explain why this current government has actedand continues to act as it does. Tim and Roberta’s words, and the passionbehind them help, I think, to reveal why government does what it does,believes what it believes, especially in the face of alternative evidence, andhelps explain how it can soldier on under great pressure.Let us start with what the Labour dream was. For me it was bestexpressed in the 1994 report of the Commission on Social Justice. Thatreport summarised the state of the nation at the time as being shameful incomparison to the social achievements of our European neighbours, andmost importantly in terms of our aspirations, in terms of what we could be.It ‘shames us all’ were the words I remember and the report set the termsof the debate for what could be better. That debate then underlay so manyof the promises to reduce inequalities that were made by people whosubsequently became Labour ministers (and Prime Ministers). It issobering to read a copy of the report today and to think just how easy itwould be to replicate it now: to write something just as damaging.
Early exposure of rotating magnetic fields promotes central nervous regeneration in planarian Girardia sinensis

Magnetic field exposure is an accepted safe and effective modality for nerve injury. However, it is clinically used only as a supplement or salvage therapy at the later stage of treatment. Here, we used a planarian Girardia sinensis decapitated model to investigate beneficial effects of early rotary non‐uniform magnetic fields (RMFs) exposure on central nervous regeneration. Our results clearly indicated that magnetic stimulation induced from early RMFs exposure significantly promoted neural regeneration of planarians. This stimulating effect is frequency and intensity dependent. Optimum effects were obtained when decapitated planarians were cultured at 20 °C, starved for 3 days before head‐cutting, and treated with 6 Hz 0.02 T RMFs. At early regeneration stage, RMFs exposure eliminated edema around the wound and facilitated subsequent formation of blastema. It also accelerated cell proliferation and recovery of neuron functionality. Early RMFs exposure up‐regulated expression of neural regeneration related proteins, EGR4 and Netrin 2, and mature nerve cell marker proteins, NSE and NPY. These results suggest that RMFs therapy produced early and significant benefit in central nervous regeneration, and should be clinically used at the early stage of neural regeneration, with appropriate optimal frequency and intensity. Bioelectromagnetics. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:244–255, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abortion: the shift in stigmatisation from those seeking abortion to those providing it

Abstract There have been important shifts in the characterisation of abortion and those who provide it over the last thirty years in Australia. This paper distinguishes three periods that represent these shifts. The most recent period reveals a renewed stigmatisation of abortion-providing doctors. Two intersecting factors are shown to have contributed to this. On the one hand those who oppose abortion have used key concepts from the women’s health agenda, public health discourse and consumerist rhetoric to position themselves as advocates for women’s health and to stigmatise and discredit doctors who perform abortions. On the other hand some feminist commentators have moved away from framing abortion as a ‘health issue’ and embraced elements of a discourse of ethics which had previously been the province of anti-abortion commentators. Within this contextual framework I illustrate the increased stigmatisation of doctors who perform abortion.
Religiosity and Death Attitudes and Engagement of Advance Care Planning Among Chronically Ill Older Adults

The aim of this study was to examine the association of religiosity and death attitudes with self-reported advance care planning (ACP) in chronically ill older adults. Survey data were collected in person for a sample of 157 chronically ill older adults drawn from primary care clinics in North Carolina. Logistic regression was used to examine associations of religiosity and death attitudes in the likelihood of engagement in three ACP outcomes: (a) ACP discussions with the doctor, (b) ACP discussions with family, and (c) the completion of a living will. Greater reported religiosity (b = 1.67, p < .01) was significantly associated with reported ACP discussions with the doctor (R2 = .29, model significance p < .01). Less fear of death was significantly associated (b = −0.41, p < .01) with self-reported completion of a living will (R2 = .21, model significance p < .01). Religiosity and fears of death should be considered in future ACP studies.
Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

AIM To determine the clinical value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) by comparing the diagnostic sensitivity of DWI and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed in 56 patients with suspected EHCC. T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, MRCP and DWI sequence, DWI using single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence with different b values (100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 s/mm(2)), were performed. All cases were further confirmed by surgery or histopathological diagnosis. Two radiologists jointly performed the analysis of the DWI and MRCP images. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and signal-noise ratio were calculated for EHCC. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were tested using DWI with a b value of 500 s/mm(2) and MRCP images, respectively. RESULTS Histopathological diagnosis confirmed that among the 56 cases, 35 were EHCC (20 hilar and 15 distal extrahepatic), 16 were cholangitis, and 5 were calculus of bile duct. Thirty-three out of the 35 EHCC cases were detected by DWI. EHCC exhibited differential levels of high signal intensity in DWI and low signal intensity in the ADC map. The mean value for ADC was (1.31 +/- 0.29) x 10(-3) mm(2)/s. The detection rate of EHCC was significantly higher by DWI (94.3%) than by MRCP (74.3%) (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in sensitivity (94.3% vs 74.3%), specificity (100% vs 71.4%), accuracy (96.4% vs 73.2%), positive predictive value (100% vs 81.3%), and negative predictive value (91.3% vs 62.5%) between DWI and MRCP in diagnosing EHCC. CONCLUSION DWI has a high sensitivity for the detection of EHCC as it shows the EHCC lesion more unambiguously than MRCP does. DWI can also provide additional clinically important information in EHCC patients when added to routine bile duct MR imaging protocols.
Perceived Effects of Pair Programming in an Industrial Context

We studied the perceived effects of pair programming (PP) compared to solo programming in a large scale, industrial software development context. We surveyed developers (N=28) regarding effects of PP on learning, quality, effort, schedule, and human factors. Our findings support earlier results from studies done with students, or professionals doing small tasks. The positive effects of PP were largest for learning, schedule adherence of tasks, getting to know other developers, and team spirit. A small but clearly positive effect was perceived for various quality aspects, discipline in following work practices, and enjoyment of work. The improvement of estimation accuracy was almost negligible. The amount of refactoring did not change. On the negative side, the development effort for individual features was higher. In the beginning of the adoption, the exhaustiveness of work was perceived higher, but over time it decreased to the level of solo programming.
Using the Significant Life Experience Framework to Inform Program Evaluation: The Nature Conservancy's Wings & Water Wetlands Education Program

Significant life experience research suggests that outdoor experiences foster proenvironmental outcomes. Time spent outdoors is more frequently identified as the source of proenvironmental behavior than is education, suggesting that cognition may be less important than affect. Yet, environmental education field programs are often evaluated on cognitive outcomes alone. The authors piloted a mixed-methods evaluation, measuring both cognitive and affective responses to a field education program. Quantitative responses suggest that field-based participants demonstrated greater cognitive understanding than classroom-based participants. Qualitative responses suggest that field programs foster different affective reactions than do classroom programs. These results have critical implications for field-based programming, classroom instruction, and evaluation.
Effectiveness of Groups in the Schools

This article reviews the current literature, specifically meta-analytic research, on the effectiveness of psychoeducational and counseling groups in the schools. Topics for such groups include: eating disorders, anger management/bullying, child sexual abuse prevention, pregnancy prevention, and social competency. There is support for groups in the schools, specifically some psychoeducational groups and classroom interventions. There is also support for the use of group interventions that are both short in session length and overall time. Research reflects the importance of adjusting content to the population and maturity level of group members as well. Future research should more clearly identify the type of group intervention and goals used as well as reflect collaborations between researchers and school counselors.
Painting equality: female artists as cultural entrepreneurial marketers

Purpose – There is growing interest by marketers in historical accounts that paint early female artists as entrepreneurial marketers. The purpose of this paper is to challenge the traditional view of entrepreneurship to incorporate a feminist theory of cultural entrepreneurship by considering the role of two female artists.Design/methodology/approach – Using calls for historical research and new methods of enquiry in marketing, this paper traces early female artists and applies modern entrepreneurial theory to their marketing methods to identify their innovation, adaptability to change and planned marketing approach.Findings – The paper suggests that entrepreneurial marketing is fused with the artists’ persona resulting in their celebrated status being widely recognised. It contributes an important fresh body of knowledge to the wider entrepreneurship debate by offering a new model of cultural entrepreneurial marketing. The three concepts of innovation, adaptability and marketing approach have not previou.
Exploring the benefits of task repetition and recycling for classroom language learning

Task-based methodology is particularly suited to teaching languages for specific purposes, because of its affinity to behavioural objectives. Doubts have been expressed as to whether learners actually learn language through doing tasks, and if they do, exactly what they learn. This paper reports the preliminary results of an ongoing study of the benefits of building repetition into a communicative task in an English for Specific Purposes course. We compare the performances of two learners at markedly different levels of English proficiency and find that both benefited from the opportunity to recycle communicative content as they repeated complex tasks. This suggests that task repetition of the type reported here may be a useful pedagogic procedure and that the same task can help different learners develop different areas of their interlanguage.
Provided for Non-commercial Research and Educational Use Only. Not for Reproduction, Distribution or Commercial Use. Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortex Contributions to Adaptation, Strategies, and Reinforcement Learning

research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution's website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: Abstract Traditionally, motor learning has been studied as an implicit learning process, one in which movement errors are used to improve performance in a continuous, gradual manner. The cer-ebellum figures prominently in this literature given well-established ideas about the role of this system in error-based learning and the production of automatized skills. Recent developments have brought into focus the relevance of multiple learning mechanisms for sensorimotor learning. These include processes involving repetition, reinforcement learning, and strategy utilization. We examine these developments, considering their implications for understanding cerebellar function and how this structure interacts with other neural systems to support motor learning. Converging lines of evidence from behavioral, computational, and neuropsycholog-ical studies suggest a fundamental distinction between processes that use error information to improve action execution or action selection. While the cerebellum is clearly linked to the former , its role in the latter remains an open question.
Group person-based cognitive therapy for distressing voices: Views from the hearers

Abstract This study investigated the experiences of people who received a contemporary form of cognitive therapy for distressing voices. Eighteen people who heard distressing voices participated in an 8-session person-based cognitive therapy (PBCT) group and were then interviewed to elicit their experiences from the group. Data were gathered during a series of five posttherapy focus groups based on a semistructured interview schedule. A grounded theory approach was used to generate, work with, and understand the data. Four categories emerged: two representing the context for reflection and change and two representing the acceptance of voices and self and the changing sense of self. The conceptual and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
DeployinG Computer-Based Learning under suboptimal conditions

In this study, secondary school students were taught mathematics using Computer-Based Learning (CBL) approach in four lessons, during their mathematics classes. CBL was deployed without Internet connectivity. Data were recorded to measure any cognitive progress observed amongst the students; the impact that the method had on them, the position of CBL in relation to face-to-face approach and the viability of deploying digital content off-line to students without basic computer knowledge. For revision classes, the students showed a modest improvement in their cognition of mathematics. However, studying mathematics through digital content before face-to-face session had discouraging results. Information from the questionnaire revealed that overall; CBL approach was preferred as a complement to the face-to-face method. While cognitive improvement was not statistically significant, the main challenge to digital approach seems to be the alignment of CBL with face-to-face method. The study confirms that basic computer knowledge is not necessary for successful deployment of CBL. It is further concluded that investing in off-line CBL under sub-optimal conditions (where Internet connectivity is not available) is the viable alternative to Web-learning and Mobile-learning (M-learning). It is insisted that even without connectivity, the effect of severe lack of mathematics teachers and books can be mitigated by CBL, if this is properly deployed.
CHEVKINITE-(Ce): CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND THE EFFECT OF MODERATE RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE ON SITE-OCCUPANCY REFINEMENT

The crystal structure of annealed chevkinite-(Ce), ideally (REE,Ca)4 Fe 2+ (Ti,Fe 3+ ,Nb)4 Si4 O22, monoclinic, C2/m, crystal (2 an ) a 13.400(1), b 5.7232(4), c 11.0573(9) A, � 100.537(2)￻, V 833.7(2) A 3 and crystal (3 an ) a 13.368(2), b 5.7243(6), c 11.041(1) A, � 100.516(1)￻, V 830.7(2) A 3 ; Z = 2, from Mongolia, has been solved by direct methods and refined to R1 values of 6.3 and 5.7% using 1287 and 1180 unique (|Fo| > 4� F) reflections collected with a single-crystal diffractometer and MoK� radiation. Electron-microprobe analysis gave: crystal (2 an ) SiO2 18.81, TiO2 15.66, FeO 11.33, MnO 0.24, CaO 1.61, Nb2O5 1.55, ThO2 0.40, Y2O3 0.30, Ce2O3 23.45, La2O3 13.92, Nd2O3 6.88, Pr2O3 1.95, Sm2O3 0.51, Gd2O3 0.42, HfO2 0.01, ZrO2 0.28, sum 97.32 wt. %, and crystal (3 an ) SiO2 18.53, TiO2 16.11, FeO 12.62, MnO 0.31, BaO 0.02, CaO 1.21, Nb2O5 1.69, ThO2 0.10, Y2O3 0.30, Ce2O3 24.30, La2O3 12.94, Nd2O3 8.13, Pr2O3 2.44, Sm2O3 0.82, Gd2O3 0.36, HfO2 0.16, ZrO2 0.08, Ta2O5 0.03, WO3 0.02, sum 100.17 wt. %. The corresponding chemical formulae are: (2 an ): (Ce1.85 La1.11 Nd0.53 Pr0.15 Sm0.04 Gd0.03 Ca0.32 Th0.02)� 4.05 (Fe 2+ 0.85 Mn 2+ 0.04 Zr0.03 Y0.03 Ca0.05)� 1.00 (Ti2.54 Fe 3+ 1.19 Nb0.15)� 3.88 Si4.06 O22 and (3 an ): (Ce1.88 La1.01 Nd0.61 Pr0.19 Sm0.06 Gd0.03 Ca0.27 Y0.03 Th0.01)� 4.08 (Fe 2+ 0.93 Mn0.06 Zr0.01)� 1.00 (Ti2.55 Fe 3+ 1.29 Nb0.16)� 4.00 Si3.91 O22 based on 13 cations per formula unit. Infrared spectra of unannealed crystals suggest significant radiation-induced damage. The structures of two unannealed crystals were refined, but there are major discrepancies (~13%) between the sums of the site-scattering values at the octahedrally coordinated M sites and the analogous values calculated from the chemical compositions determined by electron-microprobe analysis. These discrepancies were not present when data were collected on annealed crystals, indicating that the original crystals are partly metamict and that this can significantly affect the results of site-scattering refinement. In the crystal structure of chevkinite, there are two distinct (SiO4) tetrahedra that share one vertex to form an [Si2O7] group: = 1.614 (2 an ) and 1.612 (3 an ) A, = 172.0￻ (2 an ) and 170.6￻ (3 an ). There are four octahedrally coordinated M sites that are occupied by small- to medium-sized divalent to pentavalent cations. The M(1) site is occupied dominantly by Fe 2+ with minor Mn 2+ , and the M(2), M(3) and M(4) sites are occupied by Ti, Fe 3+ and Nb. There are two A-sites that are occupied by REE and minor Ca and Th, with = 2.56 (2 an ) and 2.55 (3 an ) ([8]-coordinated) and 2.66 (2 an ) and 2.55 (3 an ) A ([10]-coordinated). There are two crystallographically distinct rutile-like chains of octahedra ([M(3) + M(4)] and [M(2) + M(2)]) that extend in the b direction and link to form a layer of octahedra parallel to (001). The layers of octahedra link through [Si2O7] groups to form a framework with two interstitial A sites, CN = [8] and [10], in which Ce is dominant over other REE, Ca and Th.