Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of Succinyl-Coenzyme A:d-Citramalate Coenzyme A Transferase and Its Role in the Autotrophic 3-Hydroxypropionate Cycle of Chloroflexus aurantiacus

ABSTRACT The phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus uses the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle for autotrophic CO2 fixation. This cycle starts with acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and produces glyoxylate. Glyoxylate is an unconventional cell carbon precursor that needs special enzymes for assimilation. Glyoxylate is combined with propionyl-CoA to β-methylmalyl-CoA, which is converted to citramalate. Cell extracts catalyzed the succinyl-CoA-dependent conversion of citramalate to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate, the central cell carbon precursor. This reaction is due to the combined action of enzymes that were upregulated during autotrophic growth, a coenzyme A transferase with the use of succinyl-CoA as the CoA donor and a lyase cleaving citramalyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate. Genomic analysis identified a gene coding for a putative coenzyme A transferase. The gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to code for succinyl-CoA:d-citramalate coenzyme A transferase. This enzyme, which catalyzes the reaction d-citramalate + succinyl-CoA → d-citramalyl-CoA + succinate, was purified and studied. It belongs to class III of the coenzyme A transferase enzyme family, with an aspartate residue in the active site. The homodimeric enzyme composed of 44-kDa subunits was specific for succinyl-CoA as a CoA donor but also accepted d-malate and itaconate instead of d-citramalate. The CoA transferase gene is part of a cluster of genes which are cotranscribed, including the gene for d-citramalyl-CoA lyase. It is proposed that the CoA transferase and the lyase catalyze the last two steps in the glyoxylate assimilation route.
Examining The Community Of Practice Framework In Environmental And Science Learning Contexts With Hispanic Youth

This paper examines how Wenger’s community of practice framework is both applicable and useful for understanding learning as a social process in two science classrooms. To do this, I first examine how Wenger’s main dimensions, joint enterprise, mutual engagement, and shared repertoire, are manifested in both classrooms. I then look at how the dimensions help to explain learning as participation, membership and identity formation within the classrooms. Findings indicate the dimensions were helpful in describing classroom practices but their existence did not ensure a classroom community of practice. Instead, dimensions helped to identify how communities of practice developed or were inhibited in the classrooms. When the community of practice did appear to be an appropriate metaphor for a classroom community, learning as a social practice was easier to identify. Education researchers have increasingly turned to sociocultural theories of learning in efforts to understand the science achievement of students often marginalized in the sciences and to re-examine our traditional concepts of learning. Until recently, the dominant paradigm in science education research was the use of cognitive learning theories to explain students‟ individual cognitive processes apart from the “noise” of their everyday life. Before that, behaviorist theories dominated our perceptions of learning (Kirshner & Whitson, 1998). Both cognitive and behaviorist theories evolved from the psychological sciences. However, over the past two
The Perforasome Theory: Vascular Anatomy and Clinical Implications

Background: A clear understanding of the vascular anatomy of an individual perforator relative to its vascular territory and flow characteristics is essential for both flap design and harvest. The authors investigated the three-dimensional and four-dimensional arterial vascular territory of a single perforator, termed a “perforasome,” in major clinically relevant areas of the body. Methods: A vascular anatomy study was performed using 40 fresh cadavers. A total of 217 flaps and arterial perforasomes were studied. Dissection of all perforators was performed under loupe magnification. Perforator flaps on the anterior trunk, posterior trunk, and extremities were studied. Flaps underwent both static (three-dimensional) and dynamic (four-dimensional) computed tomographic angiography to better assess vascular anatomy, flow characteristics, and the contribution of both the subdermal plexus and fascia to flap perfusion. Results: The perfusion and vascular territory of perforators is highly complex and variable. Each perforasome is linked with adjacent perforasomes by means of two main mechanisms that include both direct and indirect linking vessels. Vascular axis follows the axiality of linking vessels. Mass vascularity of a perforator found adjacent to an articulation is directed away from that same articulation, whereas perforators found at a midpoint between two articulations, or midpoint in the trunk, have a multidirectional flow distribution. Conclusions: Each perforator holds a unique vascular territory (perforasome). Perforator vascular supply is highly complex and follows some common guidelines. Direct and indirect linking vessels play a critical part in perforator flap perfusion, and every clinically significant perforator has the potential to become either a pedicle or free perforator flap.
Effortful touch with minimum movement: revisited.

The ecological static moment-torque model proposed by C. Carello, P. Fitzpatrick, I. Domaniewicz, T.C. Chan, and M.T. Turvey (1992) does not uniquely explain the perception of rod length by static holding. Guided by a mechanical analysis of the gravitational forces and torques produced in the hand as it statically holds rods of different lengths and materials at different orientations, we offer 2 additional theoretical explanations, the force-torque and weight-percept models. Experiment 1 demonstrates that all 3 models predict perceived rod length with considerable success. Experiment 2 provides clear experimental support for the force-torque and weight-percept models over the static moment-torque model. Experiment 3 pits the former 2 models against each other. Current results favor the weight-percept model. Implications for theories of haptic weight perception and design of a new tactile sensor are also considered.
Non-Reservation Price Equilibria and Consumer Search

When consumers do not know the prices at which different firms sell, they often also do not know production costs. Consumer search models which take asymmetric information about production costs into account continue focusing on reservation price equilibria (RPE) and their properties. We argue that RPE assume specific out-of-equilibrium beliefs that are not consistent with the logic of the D1 refinement criterion. Moreover, RPE suffer from a non-existence problem as they typically do not exist when cost uncertainty is large. We characterize an alternative class of socalled non-RPE. We show these equilibria always exist and do not rely on specific out-of-equilibrium beliefs. Non-reservation equilibria are characterized by active consumer search among consumers. As cost uncertainty facilitates search, more consumers make price comparisons resulting in stronger price competition between firms and higher consumer surplus.
Barriers to, and Facilitators of Physical Activity in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer: An exploratory study

Aim Physical activity (PA) has a positive effect on the cardiorespiratory fitness, lung cancer symptoms, and quality of life of lung cancer patients. The aim of our study was to identify barriers to, and facilitators of PA in lung cancer patients. Methods We collected data from five patients diagnosed with primary, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were receiving chemotherapy. Choosing a qualitative approach, we conducted an exploratory analysis using the thematic analysis technique to process the data. Results Seven barriers to, and facilitators of PA were identified and grouped into four categories. We found that psychological and social factors affect patients’ willingness and ability to engage in PA, while physiological and environmental factors have an impact on the duration, intensity, and regularity of their PA. Conclusion Our study highlighted some of the effects that the barriers to PA have on the practice of it in our patient group. Our findings may be used by professionals to design adapted PA programs.
Hyper‐interleukin (IL)‐6‐naemia in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Clinical features in patients with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) have been demonstrated to be characterized by hypercytokinaemia. Previously, we reported the impact of high serum levels of interferon (IFN)‐gamma and soluble IL‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) on patient outcome; however, it was not known if serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 also could be a prognostic factor. In a study during the active phase of disease in 25 cases of HLH in children and young adults (median age 3 years, range 0.1–23 years), we noted 12 cases which showed serum IL‐6 >100 (normal <4.0) pg/ml. Five of these cases showed hyper‐IL‐6‐naemia alone without hyper‐IFN‐gamma‐naemia (group A) whereas seven cases showed both hyper‐IL‐6‐ and IFN‐gamma‐naemia (group B). Patient outcome did not differ between the patients with IL‐6 >100 pg/ml and those with IL‐6 <100 pg/ml, suggesting that high serum concentrations of IL‐6 alone do not necessarily indicate poor prognosis in patients with HLH. Among the cases with hyper‐IL‐6‐naemia (>100 pg/ml), underlying disorders causing haemophagocytosis were found to be different between groups A and B.
Depression as a risk factor for later dementia: a robust relationship?

207 11. Holmes JD, House AO. Psychiatric illness in hip fracture. Age Ageing 2000; 29: 537–46. 12. Nightingale S, Holmes J, Mason J et al. Psychiatric illness and mortality after hip fracture. Lancet 2001; 357: 1264–5. 13. Koenig HG, Kuchibbatla M. Use of health services by medically ill depressed elderly patients after hospital discharge. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999; 7: 48–56. 14. Inouye SK. Prevention of delirium in hospitalised older patients: risk factors and targeted intervention strategies. Ann Med 2000; 32: 257–63. 15. Inouye SK, Bogardus ST, Charpentier PA et al. A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalised older patients. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 669–76. 16. Marcantonio ER, Flacker JM, Wright RJ et al. Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomised trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 516–22. 17. Cole MG, McCusker J, Bellavance F et al. Systematic detection and multidisciplinary care of delirium in older medical inpatients: a randomised trial. Can Med Assoc J 2002; 167: 753–9. 18. Cole MG, Primeau FJ, Elie LM. Delirium: prevention, treatment and outcome studies. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1998; 11: 126–37. 19. Huusko TM, Karppi P, Avikainen H et al. Randomised, clinically controlled trial of intensive rehabilitation in patients with hip fracture: subgroup analysis of patients with dementia. Br Med J 2000; 321: 1107–11. 20. Evans M, Hammond M, Wilson K. Placebo controlled treatment trial of depression in elderly physically ill patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 12: 817–24. 21. Mossey JM, Knott KA, Higgins M et al. Effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention, interpersonal counselling, for subdysthymic depression in medically ill elderly. J Gerontol 1996; 51A: M172–8. 22. Strain JJ, Lyons JS, Hammer JS et al. Cost offset from a psychiatric consultation-liaison intervention with elderly hip fracture patients. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148: 1044–9. 23. Draper B. The effectiveness of old age psychiatry services. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000; 15: 687–703.
Fighting Poverty with Microcredit: Experience in Bangladesh

Providing microcredit to the poor has become an important antipoverty scheme in many countries. Microcredit helps the poor become self-employed and thus generates income and reduces poverty. In Bangladesh, these programs reach about 5 million poor households. This books attempts to find out whether these programs cost-effective, drawing on the experiences of the well-known microcredit programs of Bangladesh's Grameen Bank, the Rural Development-12 projects, and the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee. It examines the cost-effectiveness of microcredit programs vis-�vis other antipoverty programs, such as Food-for-Work. Moreover, the book uses extensive household survey data to address how the gender of participants affects the impact of microcredit programs.
Comparison of breakfast consumption in rural and urban among Inner Mongolia Medical University students

Objective: The aim of current study was to investigate breakfast consumption between rural and urban among Inner Mongolia Medical University students, China. Method: From December 2010 to January 2011, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students in the Inner Mongolia Medical University using a self-administered questionnaire. X2 was used to identify the differences between rural and urban. Result: The prevalence of breakfast consumption was 70.95%. The prevalence of breakfast in rural was higher than that in urban (72.09% vs. 69.78%). Breakfast consumption prevalence among male students in rural was higher 7.4% than those of students in urban. Students in Mongolian ethnic in rural were more likely to eat breakfast than Mongolian students in urban. The prevalence of breakfast decreases with grade increase both urban and rural. Students with good physical condition were more likely to eat breakfast compared with students with poor physical condition. Conclusion: The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption in rural was higher than that in urban. However, the prevalence of eating breakfast declined faster in rural than that in urban. Our study findings could help health care professionals develop targeted interventions designed to increase breakfast consumption.
Clinical Anaemia Detection in Children of Varied Skin Complexion: A Community-based Study in Southeast, Nigeria

Background: Clinicians rely on clinical detection of pallor to diagnose anaemia. This makes it important to evaluate the effect of different skin complexions on the accuracy of the pallor in diagnosing anaemia in children. Methods: Clinicians conducted blind-independent physical examination, and their reports were compared with HemoCue 301 haemoglobin estimated with. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: A total of 573 children were reviewed by 27 healthcare workers. The prevalence of anaemia was high. The highest prevalence was among children between the age of 4 and 12 months (urban 63.4% and rural 69.2%). Anaemia was detected better among dark-skinned children. Conjunctivae and palm pallor had the highest sensitivity (78.6% and 69.2%, respectively). Discussion: Clinical pallor is a good screening assessment for anaemia but not diagnostic. Its sensitivity and specificity vary among different sites and skin complexions. Thus combining findings at any of the sites can improve detection of anaemia in children.
Heart Rate Variability: Impact of Differences in Outlier Identification and Management Strategies on Common Measures in Three Clinical Populations

Heart rate variability (HRV) is reported increasingly in pediatric research, but different strategies used to identify and manage potential outlier beats impact HRV parameter values in adults and animals. Do they in pediatrics? To compare the impact of different strategies to identifying and managing outliers, we used interbeat interval (IBI) data from three different populations: 10 stable premature infants, 33 stable pediatric oncology patients, and 15 healthy adults. Five commonly reported HRV parameters were compared using three identification and two management strategies to filter potential outliers. The three populations had different resting heart rates: 155 ± 9 beats per minute (bpm) in infants, 105 ± 17 bpm in children, and 87 ± 12 bpm in adults. All three identification strategies flagged fewer than 2% of IBIs; the threshold identification strategy, excluding IBIs denoting heart rates <30 or >300 bpm, identified significantly fewer outliers than the other two strategies and generated higher HRV parameters in all populations (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in HRV parameters calculated by managing identified outliers by “tossing” them versus “interpolating” values. Different strategies for identifying potential outliers are associated with significant differences in HRV parameters. Pediatric researchers who report HRV should detail their outlier filtering strategies.
Why are there differences in the political representation of women in the 27 countries of the European Union?

Abstract Although there have been many studies that address the representation of women in parliament, few explore gender representation in the 27 countries of the European Union. Prior research on women's representation conducted in different areas of the world has emphasized the type of electoral system, quotas, the economic affluence of a country, the timing of women's suffrage, as well as the political culture. In this evaluation these commonly used indicators are complemented by two factors that are not frequently employed – the percentage of women in managerial positions and the political ideology of parliamentary parties. This cross-national analysis reveals that the electoral system type, the number of women in managerial positions and the years women have had the right to vote are the most important factors in determining women's representation.
Alteração química do solo irrigado por aspersão e gotejamento subterrâneo e superficial com água residuária 1

The purpose of this study was to compare the variation of soil chemical constituents due to wastewater and surface water reservoir applications, during two cycles of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cv “Elisa”, using sprinkler, surface and subsurface drip irrigation. The soil layers of 0 0.1 m and 0.1 0.2 m were analyzed, after 6, 26 and 46 days of transplanting in the 1st cycle and after 7, 27 and 49 days in the 2nd cycle. The results showed an elevation of sodium concentration in the 1st cycle for the treatments irrigated with wastewater in both soil layers. The manganese and copper concentrations increased in the 1st cycle in the soil layer of 0 0.1 m for the sprinkler and surface drip irrigated with wastewater. In the 2nd cycle the treatments with waste water presented an elevation of total nitrogen in both analyzed layers and for organic matter in the layer of 0 0.1 m. Also in this cycle, a reduction in the manganese and copper concentrations was found, attributed to the rainfall that occurred in the period.
Meconium passage in extremely low birthweight infants and its relation to very early enteral nutrition

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the timing of the first and last meconium and feeding tolerance in the very early enteral nutrition of extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. Forty‐one ELBW infants were fed following a standardized protocol (day 3–14). At 48 h of age bolus gavage feeding with milk was started (12 ml kg‐1 d‐1 increments, 12 meals per day). Gastric residuals up to 2 ml or up to 3 ml were tolerated in infants with a birthweight of ± 750 g or ± 750 g, respectively. No enemas or laxatives were given during the study. The impact of the time until the passage of the first (M‐1) and last (M‐last) meconium on the feeding volume on day 14 (V14) was evaluated by linear regression analysis. Data are presented as median (range). M‐1 was 31 h (0.5–77 h), M‐last was 6d (1.4–22 d) and V14 was 99 (0–156) ml kg‐1. V14 increased with decreasing M‐last (p < 0.001) but there was no correlation between V14 and M‐1. V14 was 112 (0–156) ml kg‐1 if M‐last was shorter than 6 d and 37 (0–147) ml kg‐1 if M‐last was longer than 6 d.
Estimation of the Term Structure of CDS-AdjustedRisk-Free Interest Rates

A new methodology for the estimation of the term structure of risk-free rates, called the CDS-adjusted approach, is developed and empirically applied to the Japanese financial markets. The CDS-adjusted approach provides a term structure of risk-free interest rates that is consistent with both government bond yields and sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads. Naive approaches presume that government bonds are risk-free and ignore non-zero spreads of the sovereign CDS, but the CDS-adjusted approach does not have such a flaw because the default risk premium in the government bond yield is compensated for by the application of a reduced-form model of default risk to the sovereign CDS spread and the government bond spread.
Renal Cell Carcinoma in Children and Young Adults: Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, and VHL Gene Analysis of 46 Cases With Follow-up

To further study the characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in young patients and better define their biological features, 46 RCCs of patients younger than 25 years were morphologically and immunohistochemically characterized with follow-up. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of the von Hippel—Lindau (VHL) gene region and screening for VHL gene mutations were performed in all tumors. Applying the 2004 WHO classification for RCC, there were 19 Xp11.2 translocation RCCs, 9 clear cell RCCs, 17 papillary RCCs, and 1 unclassified RCC. All 19 Xp11.2 translocation RCCs showed moderate to strong immunoreactivity for TFE3. None had TFEB immunoreactivity. One Xp11.2 translocation RCC had an unreported morphology with empty or ground glass nuclei, occasional nuclear grooves, inconspicuous nucleoli and abundant mucinous material in stroma.VHL gene analysis revealed deletions at 3p25-26 in 1 clear cell RCC and 1 papillary type 2 RCC. The papillary type 2 RCC was also presented with a family history of VHL disease and found a germline mutation G → C on a splicing site at position 553+5. The present case widens the spectrum of microscopic features to be found in VHL-associated RCC. There were no VHL mutations in the remaining 45 RCCs. Statistical analysis of stage and outcome revealed that TFE+ pediatric RCCs were significantly more frequently associated with a higher pTNM pT3/pT4 stage and a poorer outcome than TFE-RCCs (P < .05). Owing to the already known aggressive behavior of these Xp11.2 translocation RCCs, patients with TFE+ pediatric RCCs should benefit from a stricter follow-up.
Comparison of the efficiency among half diallel methods in the genetic analysis of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress condition

In order to compare the efficiency of different half-diallel methods in the analysis of bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), 15 genotypes from a six-parental diallel cross, excluding reciprocals, were grown in the field using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under two different water regimes (irrigated and rainfed). Comparison of Griffing’s model I, method II; Morley- Jones method; Gardner and Eberhar’s method and Hayman’s method indicated regardless of the restrictions of the Griffing model, it has the advantages of the definition of formulas for estimating the effects, their variances and the variances of contrasts of effects, as well as for the calculation of orthogonal sums of squares. Therefore, it is generally quite safe to use the Griffing model. Gardner and Eberhart appears to have the following advantages over the others: (1) it provides general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), (2) information on the additive effects of varieties and their average and individual contribution to heterosis in crosses, (3) a clear-cut idea about the genetic aspect of heterosis by partitioning the total sum of squares of heterosis (hij) into different components, (4) since in this analysis parents are also included, and there is a simple relationship between heterosis (hij) and specific combining ability (sij) as hij = (2 sij - sii - sjj) / 2, heterosis can be easily calculated, (5) the results further indicated the possibility of dominance variance being confounded with the additive variance of general combining ability.