Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mild anxiety and depression related to elevated dopamine level

BackgroundDopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a role in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression. Dopamine secretion occurs when there is a pleasurable stimulus. Blood dopamine levels have the potential to be developed as biomarkers of depression or anxiety, but previous studies related to the relationship between dopamine levels and levels of anxiety and depression are still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between anxiety and depression score with dopamine level in young adults. MethodsThis was an observational cross sectional study. A total of 43 subjects aged 18 to 40 years were recruited by consecutive non-random sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Beck anxiety inventory and Beck depression inventory-II questionnaire. Dopamine plasma level was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Spearman rho correlation test was used to analyze the data and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results The median dopamine levels in respondents with mild, moderate and severe anxiety were respectively: 77.79; 63.43; 62.51 ng/mL (p=0.043). The median dopamine levels in respondents with reasonable depression, mood disorder, moderate and severe depression were respectively: 79.2; 61,32; 62,51; 60.24 (p=0.001). Correlation test results showed a weak correlation between dopamine and anxiety (r=- 0.310) and a moderate correlation for depression (r=-0.505). ConclusionMild anxiety and depression were associated with elevated dopamine level in young adults. Further studies are required to confirm the role of dopamine metabolism in anxiety and depression in young adults.
GROWTH AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF USING DRIED TOMATO POMACE FOR MALLARD DUCKS

This study was aimed to economic evaluate the effect of Dried Tomato Pomace (DTP) on growth performance, biochemical profiles and economic efficiency of Mallard Ducks from 1 days old until 72 days (age of marketing). A total of 240 unsexed one – day old, Mallard ducklings were used in this study and were randomly and independently allocated to the four dietary treatments, each containing 60 ducks and divided in to four groups, T1 (control ), T2 ( 10 % DTP), T3 (15% DTP) and T4 (20% DTP) . The diets were formulated in mash form fortified with vitamin and mineral premix and chemical analysis were applied for starter and finisher rations. Moreover, feed and water were provided for ad-libitum consumption. The results showed that, ducks fed 20 % DTP had higher live body weight with a coincident significant increase of the feed intake (P 0.05). In terms of economic analysis, T4 ( 20% DTP) diet revealed the lowest cost per Kg live weight of ducks 77.57 L.E / duck, along with the highest economic return 91.38 L.E per duck and net profit 13.81 L.E per duck. In conclusion, Mallard duck can efficiently utilize diet containing high DTP (20%) diets, consequently, it can be used to optimize their growth performance and maintain the maximum economic return. Key words : Mallard duck; dried tomato pomace; growth performance; economics
In Vitro Evaluation of the Aberdeen Knot for Continuous Suture Patterns with Large Gauge Suture.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the strength, size, and holding capacity of the Aberdeen knot compared to surgeon's and square knots using large gauge suture. STUDY DESIGN In vitro mechanical study. STUDY POPULATION Knotted suture. METHODS Aberdeen, surgeon's, and square knots were tested using 2 and 3 USP polyglactin 910 and 2 USP polydioxanone under linear tension on a universal testing machine. Mode of failure and knot holding capacity (KHC) were recorded and relative knot security (RKS) was calculated as a percentage of KHC. Knot volume and weight were quantified by a digital micrometer and balance, respectively. Strength between number of throws, suture, suture size, and knot type were compared by ANOVA and post hoc testing. P≤. 05 was considered significant. RESULTS Aberdeen knots had higher KHC and RKS than surgeon's or square knots for all suture types and number of throws (P<.001). For all suture materials, none of the Aberdeen knots unraveled, but a portion of square and surgeon's knots with <7 throws did unravel (P=.101). Aberdeen knots had a smaller volume and weight than both surgeon's and square knots with equal numbers of throws (P<.001). The knot with the combined highest RKS and smallest size and weight was an Aberdeen knot with 4 throws using 3 USP polyglactin 910. CONCLUSION The Aberdeen knots were stronger, more secure, and smaller than surgeon's and square knots for ending a continuous suture pattern. Clinically, the Aberdeen knot may be a useful alternative for completion of continuous patterns using large gauge suture, without sacrificing knot integrity.
Design of Nonbinary LDPC Codes over GF(q) for Multiple-Antenna Transmission

In this paper, we investigate the application of nonbinary low density parity check (LDPC) codes over Galois field GF(q) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels. Depending on the size of the Galois field GF(q), we study both iterative systems which employ joint MIMO detection and channel decoding, and non-iterative systems which employ separate MIMO detection and channel decoding. Based on the concept of coset LDPC code and coset MIMO detector, we develop extrinsic information transfer chart (EXIT) approaches for the design of nonbinary LDPC codes for MIMO channels. Simulation results show that the proposed systems employing the designed nonbinary LDPC codes achieve a superior performance than that of the best optimized binary LDPC codes at a reduced complexity
Complications of Embolization

Embolization is a remarkably versatile procedure used in nearly all vascular and nonvascular systems to treat a wide range of pathology. The published literature is rich with studies demonstrating the enormous therapeutic potential offered by embolization procedures, and the possibilities continue to expand with the advent of new embolization agents and techniques. Unfortunately, with this variety and innovation comes a wide spectrum of potential complications, not always easy to classify and summarize, associated with embolization. This article reviews the procedures and associated complications of arterial and venous embolization procedures, organized by vascular distribution.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CRL4 Regulates Proliferation and Progression Through Meiosis in Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis1

ABSTRACT The Cullin-RING E3s are multisubunit ubiquitin ligases composed of a scaffold protein known as Cullin, a RING finger protein that regulates diverse cellular pathways; however, their contribution to male gonad development, especially the spermatogenesis of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), is not well understood. We identified five evolutionarily conserved Cullins from the transcriptome and genome of E. sinensis that are potentially involved in regulating male gonad development. The aim of the current study was to determine the mechanisms of Cullin4's effects on spermatogenesis. We observed that Cullin4, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen had a specific expression and localization in primary spermatocytes. We also investigated the accumulation of Cullin substrates by treatment with inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme MLN4924 in vitro. Cell cycle inhibitors p27 and p21 accumulated significantly after 24 and 36 h, respectively. We speculated that p53-mediated spontaneous germ cell apoptosis acts as a quality control mechanism to eliminate defective germ cells and that the Cullin4 complex maintains p53, p21, and p27 homeostasis in primary spermatocytes to regulate spermatogenesis of E. sinensis. Given its widespread evolutionary conservation, Cullin4 may regulate germ line development similarly in other organisms.
Spatial and Temporal High Processing of Visual and Auditory Stimuli in Cervical Dystonia

Objective Investigation of spatial and temporal cognitive processing in idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) by means of specific tasks based on perception in time and space domains of visual and auditory stimuli. Background Previous psychophysiological studies have investigated temporal and spatial characteristics of neural processing of sensory stimuli (mainly somatosensorial and visual), whereas the definition of such processing at higher cognitive level has not been sufficiently addressed. The impairment of time and space processing is likely driven by basal ganglia dysfunction. However, other cortical and subcortical areas, including cerebellum, may also be involved. Methods We tested 21 subjects with CD and 22 age-matched healthy controls with 4 recognition tasks exploring visuo-spatial, audio-spatial, visuo-temporal, and audio-temporal processing. Dystonic subjects were subdivided in three groups according to the head movement pattern type (lateral: Laterocollis, rotation: Torticollis) as well as the presence of tremor (Tremor). Results We found significant alteration of spatial processing in Laterocollis subgroup compared to controls, whereas impairment of temporal processing was observed in Torticollis subgroup compared to controls. Conclusion Our results suggest that dystonia is associated with a dysfunction of temporal and spatial processing for visual and auditory stimuli that could underlie the well-known abnormalities in sequence learning. Moreover, we suggest that different movement pattern type might lead to different dysfunctions at cognitive level within dystonic population.
Evaluation of the short-form 36-item questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life in patients with COPD.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the short-form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36) as an instrument for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with symptomatic COPD. DESIGN Observational data at a single point in time. SETTING Outpatient pulmonary clinic. PATIENTS Fifty male patients with COPD and no significant comorbidity. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS HRQL was assessed with the SF-36, which consists of 36 questions that cover nine health domains. Clinical ratings of dyspnea were measured by the multidimensional baseline dyspnea index (BDI). Pulmonary function tests included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax). The mean (+/- SD) age of the patients was 72 +/- 8 years. The BDI focal score was 5.6 +/- 2.3, FEV1 was 1.32 +/- 0.60 L (48 +/- 22% pred), and PImax was 62 +/- 23 cm H2O. The BDI focal score was significantly correlated with seven of nine components of the SF-36 (range of r, 0.42 to 0.91; p < 0.05). The FEV1 percent of predicted and PImax were significantly correlated with five of nine health components (range of r, 0.30 to 0.65 and 0.31 to 0.61, respectively). Using linear regression model analysis with the different SF-36 components as the dependent variable and BDI, FVC, FEV1, and PImax as independent variables, the BDI score was the only significant predictor of social and physical functioning, role-physical, vitality, pain, health perceptions, and health transition (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The SF-36 is a valid instrument to measure HRQL in patients with COPD. The severity of dyspnea but not respiratory function was a significant predictor of various components of HRQL.
Trends in exposure to television food advertisements among children and adolescents in the United States.

OBJECTIVE To examine the trends in food advertising seen by American children and adolescents. DESIGN Trend analysis of children's and adolescents' exposure to food advertising in 2003, 2005, and 2007, including separate analyses by race. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 2 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. MAIN EXPOSURE Television ratings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Exposure to total food advertising and advertising by food category. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2007 daily average exposure to food ads fell by 13.7% and 3.7% among young children aged 2 to 5 and 6 to 11 years, respectively, but increased by 3.7% among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Exposure to sweets ads fell 41%, 29.3%, and 12.1%, respectively, for 2- to 5-, 6- to 11-, and 12- to 17-year-olds and beverage ads were down by about 27% to 30% across these age groups, with substantial decreases in exposure to ads for the most heavily advertised sugar-sweetened beverages-fruit drinks and regular soft drinks. Exposure to fast food ads increased by 4.7%, 12.2%, and 20.4% among children aged 2 to 5, 6 to 11, and 12 to 17 years, respectively, between 2003 and 2007. The racial gap in exposure to food advertising grew between 2003 and 2007, particularly for fast food ads. CONCLUSIONS A number of positive changes have occurred in children's exposure to food advertising. Continued monitoring of food advertising exposure along with nutritional analyses is needed to further assess self-regulatory pledges.
Axonal guidance defects in a Caenorhabditis elegans mutant reveal cell- extrinsic determinants of neuronal morphology

Mutations in the gene unc-53 of Caenorhabditis elegans result in behavioral and anatomical abnormalities. Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy revealed neuroanatomical defects in all main longitudinal nervous tracts. Whole tracts were found to be misguided in specific ways suggesting that unc-53 affects pioneering axons. The four lateral microtubule cells (LMs), which are probably pioneering neurons, were examined in greatest detail. In the mutants, the processes of the LMs leave their normal position on the body wall and terminate prematurely. Examination of five unc-53 alleles for penetrance and expressivity of these defects revealed a spatial restriction in the requirement for unc-53. The morphology and positioning of the branch of the posterior lateral microtubule cells (PLMs) were also examined. In wild-type animals, the PLM branches lack the ultrastructural specializations of the main process, which include large microtubules, apposition to the cuticle, and a polarized extracellular matrix (the mantle). Two differences were noted in unc-53 mutants. First, a majority of PLMs branch at random and display an abnormally enlarged branching point and branch cross section. The unusual branch morphologies correlate with branch position, rather than PLM length. Second, the ectopic branches display the specific ultrastructural features characteristic of the main process. Furthermore, after entering the ventral nerve cord, the abnormal branches constantly change position relative to the other processes and the hypodermis, retaining their specialized microtubules throughout, but displaying a mantle only when in direct contact with hypodermis. Taken together, these observations suggest that the differentiated features of the PLMs, including process length, branch position, intracellular branch morphology, and surrounding extracellular matrix, are locally specified by cell-extrinsic cues, some of which require unc-53.
Differences in Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Experiences of Insured and Uninsured Women in a Safety-Net Setting

To explore how well the safety net performs at eliminating differences in diagnosis and treatment of insured and uninsured women with breast cancer, we compared insured and uninsured women treated in a safety-net setting. Controlling for socioeconomic characteristics, uninsured women are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced disease, requiring more extensive treatment relative to insured women, and also experience delays in initiating and completing treatment. The findings suggest that, despite the safety-net system, uninsured women with breast cancer are likely to require more costly treatment and to have worse outcomes relative to insured women with breast cancer.
Genetic Relationships among Pistacia Species Studied By Morphological Characteristics and RAPD Marker

The aim of this research was to study 33 Pistachio accessions and determine their genetic relationships. Thirty-one morphological characters (17 quantitative and 14 qualitative) together with Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker data were used for this purpose. Factor analysis was used to determine the effective characteristics and the number of main factors which determined seven main factors. Grouping of pistachio accessions by these factors was performed by Ward’s method. Among 77 random decamer primers tested, 12 showed good amplification and polymorphism, and a total of 130 markers were produced that 118 were polymorphism. Grouping by morphological characteristics was compared with the results from RAPD analysis which did not produce a significant correlation.
Modeling frequency response of transformer winding to investigate the influence of RLC

Frequency response measurements are used for power transformer winding failures detection. The variation between frequency responses indicate mechanical changes in the transformer winding. One method to investigate winding failures in transformer is to develop a reliable circuit model which can simulate the frequency response of an actual winding. The main reason to use the model is because it is expensive to create damages on an actual winding. This paper proposes n-stages circuit ladder network to simulate the response of a winding which has unique design. It presents a new technique to calculate the resistance, inductance and capacitance of the winding. Then, the relationship between the RLC parameters and the frequency response is studied. The winding chosen in this investigation is a single phase 33kV transformer winding. The simulated frequency response was compared with the measured response to verify the proposed model. The model can give a comprehensive understanding about the effect of RLC parameters on the frequency response.
Running head : Female Dominance 1 Female Dominance in Human Groups : Effects of sex ratio and conflict level

Compared to men, women less often attain high level positions and generally have lower status in society. In smaller groups the relative influence of men and women depends on gender composition, but research is inconclusive regarding the relation between gender composition and female influence. Studies of non-human primates show that when females are in the minority they become more dominant over males, but only when conflict levels are high, because under these conditions men fight among each other. Similarly, here we show in two studies with mixed gender groups (N=90 and N=56), that women were more dominant in groups with a high percentage of men and high levels of conflict. This depends on gender differences in aggressive behavior: inducing more aggressive behavior in women eliminated this increase in female dominance. Our work reveals that status relations between the genders among non-human primates can generalize to humans. Running head: Female Dominance 3
Broadband Circularly Polarized Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna Array With Four Linearly Polarized Disks Located in a Single Circular Slot

A novel cavity-backed slot antenna array with broadband circularly polarized (CP) property is presented in this letter. A corporate feed network composed of three Wilkinson power dividers is applied to sequentially rotated feed four linearly polarized disks that are located in a cavity-backed circular slot. The measured 3-dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of the array is 54.5%, and the 10-dB return loss bandwidth is 92.1%. The 3-dB gain bandwidth is about 50.8% with the peak gain 9.9 dBic.
Event-learning with a non-Markovian controller

Recently a novel reinforcement learning algorithm called event-learning or E-learning was introduced. The algorithm based on events, which are defined as ordered pairs of states. In this setting, the agent optimizes the selection of desired sub-goals by a traditional value-policy function iteration, and utilizes a separated algorithm called the controller to achieve these goals. The advantage of event-learning lies in its potential in non-stationary environments, where the near-optimality of the value iteration is guaranteed by the generalized e-stationary MDP model. Using a particular non-Markovian controller, the SDS controller, an e-MDP problem arises in E-learning. We illustrate the properties of E-learning augmented by the SDS controller by computer simulations.
PDE solutions of stochastic differential utility *

This paper presents conditions for the existence and properties of stochastic differential utility as a solution of a partial differential equation. Stochastic differential utility is an extention of the classical additively-separable utility model that is designed as a platform for new financial asset pricing results. The extension is important, for example, when investors display preference for early or late resolution of uncertainty. The existence conditions admit Kreps-Porteus stochastic differential utility.
Plant species richness elicits changes in the metabolome of grassland species via soil biotic legacy

Species‐rich plant communities can induce unique soil biotic legacy effects through changing the abundance and composition of soil biota. These soil legacy effects can cause feedbacks to influence plant performance. In addition, soil biota can induce (defensive) secondary metabolites in shoots and roots and thus affect plant–herbivore interactions. We hypothesize that plant diversity‐driven soil biotic legacy effects elicit changes in the shoot and root metabolome. We tested this hypothesis by establishing an experiment with four plant species. We grew plants in a sterile substrate inoculated with soil conditioned by different plant species communities: (a) monocultures of either of the four species, (b) the four species in a mixture, (c) an eight species mixture including all four species or (d) a sterile inoculum. After at least 8 weeks in the field, we estimated shoot herbivory. At the same time, we took root and shoot samples for metabolomics analyses by liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. We found that shoot and root metabolomes of all plants grown in sterile soil differed significantly from those grown in living soil. The plant metabolomes in living soils differed by species and tissue. Across all species, shoots displayed a greater richness of secondary metabolites than roots. The richness of secondary metabolites differed by species and among living soils. The conditioning species richness significantly affected the Shannon diversity of secondary metabolites in Centaurea jacea. Shoot herbivory positively correlated with the richness and Shannon diversity of secondary metabolites in Leucanthemum vulgare. We detected multiple metabolites that together explained up to 88% of the variation in herbivory in the shoots of C. jacea and Plantago lanceolata. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that plant diversity‐driven shifts in soil biota elicit changes in the composition and diversity of shoot and root secondary metabolites. However, these plant responses and their effect on shoot herbivores are species‐specific. Tracking changes in plant secondary chemistry in response to soil biotic legacy effects will help to understand the mechanisms that govern species‐specific plant–plant and plant–herbivore interactions.