Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional collaboration between junior doctors and nurses in the general ward setting: A qualitative exploratory study

AIM To explore the collaboration experiences of junior physicians and nurses in the general ward setting. BACKGROUND Junior physicians and nurses do not always work collaboratively and this could affect the quality of patient care. The understanding of the issues affecting junior physicians and nurses working together is needed to inform strategies to improve interprofessional collaboration. METHODS Nineteen junior physicians and nurses were interviewed in 2012 and 2013. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Junior physicians and nurses acknowledged the importance of working collaboratively to achieve better patient care, but they are struggling to cope due to heavy clinical workload, organisational constraints and differing power relationships. Nurses have to take on more responsibilities in the decision-making process of patients' care to foster effective interprofessional collaboration. CONCLUSION The study calls for educational and organisational strategies to improve interprofessional collaboration between junior physicians and nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse leaders should ensure that ward nurses are given a designated time to participate in ward rounds with physicians and have access to a communication tool that assists them in contributing proactively in the decision-making process of patient care.
Strain‐based HLA association analysis identified HLA‐DRB1*09:01 associated with modern strain tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) occurs as a result of complex interactions between the host immune system and pathogen virulence factors. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules play an important role in the host immune system. However, no study has assessed the association between HLA class II genes and susceptibility to TB caused by specific strains. This study investigated the possible association of HLA class II genes with TB caused by modern and ancient Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The study included 682 patients with TB and 836 control subjects who were typed for HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 alleles. MTB strains were classified using a large sequence polymorphism typing method. Association analysis was performed using common HLA alleles and haplotypes in different MTB strains. HLA association analysis of patients infected with modern MTB strains showed significant association for HLA‐DRB1*09:01 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82; P‐value = 9.88 × 10−4) and HLA‐DQB1*03:03 alleles (OR = 1.76; P‐value = 1.31 × 10−3) with susceptibility to TB. Haplotype analysis confirmed that these alleles were in strong linkage disequilibrium and did not exert an interactive effect. Thus, the results of this study showed an association between HLA class II genes and susceptibility to TB caused by modern MTB strains, suggesting the importance of strain‐specific analysis to determine susceptibility genes associated with TB.
Endovascular isolation of intracranial blood blister-like aneurysms with Willis covered stent

Objective Intracranial blood blister-like aneurysm (BBA) is a rare type of aneurysm that lacks all layers of the arterial wall. These fragile aneurysms have the propensity to rupture with minimal manipulation, which makes them hazardous and difficult to treat. The present study evaluated the safety and feasibility of endovascular treatment of BBAs with the Willis covered stent. Materials Thirteen patients (7 men and 6 women, age range 28–68 years) who presented with ruptured BBAs and were treated with the Willis covered stent were retrospectively reviewed. Results of the procedures and treatment-related complications were recorded. Angiographic and clinical follow-ups were performed 4–6 months after the procedure. Results Placement of the covered stent was successful in all patients. Immediate angiography showed complete aneurysm occlusion in 12 patients while one patient showed a mild endoleak. This high rate of aneurysm exclusion ensured the security of postoperative antiplatelet treatment. Occlusion of the ophthalmic artery occurred in two patients and occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery occurred in one patient; however, none of them showed acute or delayed clinical symptoms. Thrombosis, aneurysm rupture, and other complications did not develop in any case. Angiographic follow-up showed complete aneurysm exclusion without aneurysm recurrence in any patients. Only two patients showed asymptomatic mild to moderate in-stent stenosis. All patients had satisfactory clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤1). Conclusions Willis covered stent implementation may be safe and feasible for BBAs. This strategy might be a promising option for this high-risk type of aneurysm.
Differences in Temperature and Water Chemistry Shape Distinct Diversity Patterns in Thermophilic Microbial Communities

ABSTRACT This report describes the biodiversity and ecology of microbial mats developed in thermal gradients (20 to 65°C) in the surroundings of three drillings (Chiraleu [CH], Ciocaia [CI], and Mihai Bravu [MB]) tapping a hyperthermal aquifer in Romania. Using a metabarcoding approach, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced from both DNA and RNA transcripts (cDNA) and compared. The relationships between the microbial diversity and the physicochemical factors were explored. Additionally, the cDNA data were used for in silico functionality predictions, bringing new insights into the functional potential and dynamics of these communities. The results showed that each hot spring determined the formation of distinct microbial communities. In the CH mats (40 to 53°C), the abundance of Cyanobacteria decreased with temperature, opposite to those of Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria. Ectothiorhodospira, Oscillatoria, and methanogenic archaea dominated the CI communities (20 to 65°C), while the MB microbial mats (53 to 65°C) were mainly composed of Chloroflexi, Hydrogenophilus, Thermi, and Aquificae. Alpha-diversity was negatively correlated with the increase in water temperature, while beta-diversity was shaped in each hot spring by the unique combination of physicochemical parameters, regardless of the type of nucleic acid analyzed (DNA versus cDNA). The rank correlation analysis revealed a unique model that associated environmental data with community composition, consisting in the combined effect of Na+, K+, HCO3−, and PO43− concentrations, together with temperature and electrical conductivity. These factors seem to determine the grouping of samples according to location, rather than with the similarities in thermal regimes, showing that other parameters beside temperature are significant drivers of biodiversity. IMPORTANCE Hot spring microbial mats represent a remarkable manifestation of life on Earth and have been intensively studied for decades. Moreover, as hot spring areas are isolated and have a limited exchange of organisms, nutrients, and energy with the surrounding environments, hot spring microbial communities can be used in model studies to elucidate the colonizing potential within extreme settings. Thus, they are of great importance in evolutionary biology, microbial ecology, and exobiology. In spite of all the efforts that have been made, the current understanding of the influence of temperature and water chemistry on the microbial community composition, diversity, and abundance in microbial mats is limited. In this study, the composition and diversity of microbial communities developed in thermal gradients in the vicinity of three hot springs from Romania were investigated, each having particular physicochemical characteristics. Our results expose new factors that could determine the formation of these ecosystems, expanding the current knowledge in this regard.
P63 expression plays a role in developmental rate, embryo size, and local morphogenesis

Background: The p63 gene is integral to the development of many body parts including limb, palate, teeth, and urogenital tract. Loss of p63 expression may alter developmental rate, which is crucial to normal morphogenesis. To validate a novel, unbiased embryo phenotyping software tool, we tested whether delayed development contributes to the pathological phenotype of a p63 mouse mutant (p63‐/‐). We quantified dysmorphology in p63‐/‐ embryos and tested for universal growth delay relative to wild‐type (WT) embryos. Fixed embryos (n = 6; p63‐/‐) aged day (E) 15.5 were micro‐CT scanned and quantitatively analyzed using a digital WT atlas that defined volumetric differences between p63‐/‐ and WT embryos. Results: p63‐/‐ embryos showed a growth delay of approximately 22 hr (0.9 days). Among the E15.5 mutants, overall size was closest to WT E14.6 mice but shape was closest to WT E14.0. The atlas clearly identified in p63‐/‐ embryos malformations of epithelial derivatives including limbs, tail, urogenital structures, brain, face, and tooth. Conclusions: The software atlas technique described the p63‐/‐ phenotype as a combination of developmental delay (i.e., heterochrony) and malformation (i.e., pathological shape; failed organogenesis). This study identifies for the first time global and local roles for p63 in prenatal growth and development. Developmental Dynamics 247:779–787, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology and Hydrodynamic Resistance in Young Swimmers

Six 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old, anthropometrically matched males and females were towed on the water surface via a mechanical winch at 1.3 to 2.5 ms−1 in increments of 0.3 ms−1 during a prone streamlined glide. Passive drag force of the 13-year age group was significantly larger than that of the 9-year age group at 1.9, 2.2, and 2.5 ms−1, but not at 1.3-1.6 ms−1. While anthropometry did not feature in any regression equation at any age for passive drag at velocities of 1.3 and 1.6 ms−1, body mass was the best predictor of drag at 1.9 and 2.5 ms−1.
Combined utilization of untimed single urine of MCP-1 and TWEAK as a potential indicator for proteinuria in lupus nephritis

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether combined utilization of untimed single urine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (uMCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (uTWEAK) could serve as a screening test for proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). A case–control study that contained 39 biopsy-proven LN patients, 20 non-LN systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were carried out. Correlations between uMCP-1, uTWEAK, and traditional clinical markers were analyzed by Spearman correlation test. Diagnostic values of uMCP-1, uTWEAK, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) in the assessment of proteinuria were investigated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Biopsy-proven LN patients showed higher levels of uMCP-1 and uTWEAK than non-LN patients. uMCP-1 and uTWEAK were elevated in renal active patients (rSLEDAI ≥4). Both uMCP-1 and uTWEAK showed significant correlation with patients’ rSLEDAI, 24-hour urine proteinuria (24hr UP), and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies. No correlations of these 2 biomarkers between cystatin C (Cys-C), creatinine (Cr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were observed. An algorithm combining the moderate sensitivity of uMCP-1 and high specificity of uTWEAK displayed great specificity and sensitivity for proteinuria screening. Both uMCP-1 and uTWEAK were positively correlated with the impairments of LN, and the combined utility of untimed single uMCP-1 and uTWEAK might be used as potential predictors for proteinuria in LN.
Second-order spinal cord pathway contributes to cortical responses after long recoveries from dorsal column injury in squirrel monkeys

Significance Recovery of cutaneous sensation after spinal cord injury relies on reestablishing effective somatotopic pathways from the skin to the cortex. We show that the recovery of cortical activity months after extensive damage to the primary touch pathway in the dorsal column depends on a few surviving primary axons, together with the greater number of preserved axons in a secondary touch pathway from spinal cord neurons. These surviving axons could be targeted for treatments that potentiate their roles in recovery after spinal cord injury. Months after the occurrence of spinal cord dorsal column lesions (DCLs) at the cervical level, neural responses in the hand representation of somatosensory area 3b hand cortex recover, along with hand use. To examine whether the second-order spinal cord pathway contributes to this functional recovery, we injected cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) into the hand representation in the cuneate nucleus (Cu) to label the spinal cord neurons, and related results to cortical reactivation in four squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) at least 7 months after DCL. In two monkeys with complete DCLs, few CTB-labeled neurons were present below the lesion, and few neurons in the affected hand region in area 3b responded to touch on the hand. In two other cases with large but incomplete DCLs, CTB-labeled neurons were abundant below the lesion, and the area 3b hand cortex responded well to tactile stimulation in a roughly somatotopic organization. The proportions of labeled neurons in the spinal cord hand region reflected the extent of cortical reactivation to the hand. Comparing monkeys with short and long recovery times suggests that the numbers of labeled neurons below the lesion increase with time following incomplete DCLs (<95%) but decrease with time after nearly complete DCLs (≥95%). Taken together, these results suggest that the second-order spinal cord pathway facilitates cortical reactivation, likely through the potentiation of persisting tactile inputs from the hand to the Cu over months of postlesion recovery.
Determining the Elemental and Isotopic Composition of the Pre-solar Nebula from Genesis Data Analysis: The Case of Oxygen

We compare element and isotopic fractionations measured in bulk solar wind samples collected by NASA’s Genesis mission with those predicted from models incorporating both the ponderomotive force in the chromosphere and conservation of the first adiabatic invariant in the low corona. Generally good agreement is found, suggesting that these factors are consistent with the process of solar wind fractionation. Based on bulk wind measurements, we also consider in more detail the isotopic and elemental abundances of O. We find mild support for an O abundance in the range 8.75–8.83, with a value as low as 8.69 disfavored. A stronger conclusion must await solar wind regime-specific measurements from the Genesis samples.
SAT Algorithms for Colouring Some Special Classes of Graphs: Some Theoretical and Experimental Results

The local search algorithm GSAT is based on the notion of Satisfiability. It has been used successfully for colouring graphs, solving instances of the 3SAT problem, planning blocks world exercises, and other applications. The runtime performance of GSAT can be considerably enhanced by the incorporation of a noise generating component such as tabu search or random walk. This has been verified experimentally on numerous occasions, but few attempts have been made to explain the observed phenomena analytically. This paper examines, in the context of graph colouring, some aspects of the role of the tabu list in GSAT. Two slightly different SAT formulations of graph colouring are considered. Three classes of graphs are defined that have the interesting property that, for certain initial partial colourings of the nodes, a proper colouring cannot be achieved by GSAT without the use of a tabu list. The minimum length of the tabu list that is necessary for solving the problem is determined for each class. It is found that this length varies considerably from case to case, and is sometimes quite large. We study experimentally the variation of runtime with the length of the tabu list to verify and further explore the theoretical results. We examine the general performance of other local search SAT methods like WalkSAT, Novelty, RNovelty, Novelty+ and RNovelty+ on these classes of graphs and to make a comparative assessment of all these methods.
SAMHD1 suppresses innate immune responses to viral infections and inflammatory stimuli by inhibiting the NF-κB and interferon pathways

Significance Although the host protein SAMHD1 has been studied as a restriction factor to inhibit retroviral infection, it is unknown whether and how SAMHD1 regulates antiviral innate immune responses. Using SAMHD1-silenced human monocytic cell lines and primary macrophages, and primary splenocytes from SAMHD1-knockout mice, we revealed new functions and mechanisms of SAMHD1-mediated negative regulation of innate immune responses to viral infections and inflammatory stimuli. We also identified protein interactions between SAMHD1 and several key proteins in cellular signaling pathways that regulate inflammation and antiviral innate immune responses. Overall, we discovered an important role of SAMHD1 in regulating innate immune responses and defined the underlying mechanisms, which suggest that SAMHD1 might be a therapeutic target in controlling viral infections and inflammatory diseases. Sterile alpha motif and HD-domain–containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) blocks replication of retroviruses and certain DNA viruses by reducing the intracellular dNTP pool. SAMHD1 has been suggested to down-regulate IFN and inflammatory responses to viral infections, although the functions and mechanisms of SAMHD1 in modulating innate immunity remain unclear. Here, we show that SAMHD1 suppresses the innate immune responses to viral infections and inflammatory stimuli by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and type I interferon (IFN-I) induction. Compared with control cells, infection of SAMHD1-silenced human monocytic cells or primary macrophages with Sendai virus (SeV) or HIV-1, or treatment with inflammatory stimuli, induces significantly higher levels of NF-κB activation and IFN-I induction. Exogenous SAMHD1 expression in cells or SAMHD1 reconstitution in knockout cells suppresses NF-κB activation and IFN-I induction by SeV infection or inflammatory stimuli. Mechanistically, SAMHD1 inhibits NF-κB activation by interacting with NF-κB1/2 and reducing phosphorylation of the NF-κB inhibitory protein IκBα. SAMHD1 also interacts with the inhibitor-κB kinase ε (IKKε) and IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), leading to the suppression of the IFN-I induction pathway by reducing IKKε-mediated IRF7 phosphorylation. Interactions of endogenous SAMHD1 with NF-κB and IFN-I pathway proteins were validated in human monocytic cells and primary macrophages. Comparing splenocytes from SAMHD1 knockout and heterozygous mice, we further confirmed SAMHD1-mediated suppression of NF-κB activation, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved property of SAMHD1. Our findings reveal functions of SAMHD1 in down-regulating innate immune responses to viral infections and inflammatory stimuli, highlighting the importance of SAMHD1 in modulating antiviral immunity.
Perceptual Learning Induces Persistent Attentional Capture by Nonsalient Shapes

Abstract Visual attention can be attracted automatically by salient simple features, but whether and how nonsalient complex stimuli such as shapes may capture attention in humans remains unclear. Here, we present strong electrophysiological evidence that a nonsalient shape presented among similar shapes can provoke a robust and persistent capture of attention as a consequence of extensive training in visual search (VS) for that shape. Strikingly, this attentional capture that followed perceptual learning (PL) was evident even when the trained shape was task‐irrelevant, was presented outside the focus of top‐down spatial attention, and was undetected by the observer. Moreover, this attentional capture persisted for at least 3‐5 months after training had been terminated. This involuntary capture of attention was indexed by electrophysiological recordings of the N2pc component of the event‐related brain potential, which was localized to ventral extrastriate visual cortex, and was highly predictive of stimulus‐specific improvement in VS ability following PL. These findings provide the first evidence that nonsalient shapes can capture visual attention automatically following PL and challenge the prominent view that detection of feature conjunctions requires top‐down focal attention.
Global change‐driven effects on dissolved organic matter composition: Implications for food webs of northern lakes

Northern ecosystems are experiencing some of the most dramatic impacts of global change on Earth. Rising temperatures, hydrological intensification, changes in atmospheric acid deposition and associated acidification recovery, and changes in vegetative cover are resulting in fundamental changes in terrestrial–aquatic biogeochemical linkages. The effects of global change are readily observed in alterations in the supply of dissolved organic matter (DOM)—the messenger between terrestrial and lake ecosystems—with potentially profound effects on the structure and function of lakes. Northern terrestrial ecosystems contain substantial stores of organic matter and filter or funnel DOM, affecting the timing and magnitude of DOM delivery to surface waters. This terrestrial DOM is processed in streams, rivers, and lakes, ultimately shifting its composition, stoichiometry, and bioavailability. Here, we explore the potential consequences of these global change‐driven effects for lake food webs at northern latitudes. Notably, we provide evidence that increased allochthonous DOM supply to lakes is overwhelming increased autochthonous DOM supply that potentially results from earlier ice‐out and a longer growing season. Furthermore, we assess the potential implications of this shift for the nutritional quality of autotrophs in terms of their stoichiometry, fatty acid composition, toxin production, and methylmercury concentration, and therefore, contaminant transfer through the food web. We conclude that global change in northern regions leads not only to reduced primary productivity but also to nutritionally poorer lake food webs, with discernible consequences for the trophic web to fish and humans.
Vulnerability Analysis of Trivium FPGA Implementations

Today, the large amount of information exchanged among various devices as well as the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) demand the development of devices that ensure secure communications, preventing malicious agents from tapping sensitive data. Indeed, information security is one of the key challenges to address within the IoT field. Due to the strong resource constraints in some IoT applications, cryptographic algorithms affording lightweight implementations have been proposed. They constitute the so-called lightweight cryptography. A prominent example is the Trivium stream cipher, one of the finalists of the eSTREAM project. Although cryptographic algorithms are certainly simpler, one of their most critical vulnerability sources in terms of hardware implementations is side channel attacks. In this paper, it is studied the vulnerability of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations of Trivium stream ciphers against fault attacks. The design and implementation of a system that alters the clock signal and checks the outcome is also described. A comparison between real and simulated fault injections is carried out in order to examine their veracity. The vulnerability of different versions of the Trivium cipher and their routing dependences has been tested in two different FPGA families. The results show that all versions of the Trivium cipher are vulnerable to fault attacks, although some versions are more vulnerable than others.