Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of College Success: A Comparison of Traditional and Nontraditional Age Students

Traditional (age 23 and under) and nontraditional (age 25 and over) full-time undergraduates were assessed on five personal dimensions, two learning dimensions, and two collegiate goals (GPA and career decidedness). Multiple regression assessed which dimensions predicted the two collegiate goals. Significant predictors were generally the same for both traditional and nontraditional students. Academic efficacy, self-regulation, and social support were positive predictors of GPA. Career decisionmaking self-efficacy and social support were positive predictors of career decidedness. Nontraditional students and females had higher GPAs and greater decidedness. Academic performance and career development were seen as concurrent but largely separate processes.
Path Integration Deficits during Linear Locomotion after Human Medial Temporal Lobectomy

Animal navigation studies have implicated structures in and around the hippocampal formation as crucial in performing path integration (a method of determining one's position by monitoring internally generated self-motion signals). Less is known about the role of these structures for human path integration. We tested path integration in patients who had undergone left or right medial temporal lobectomy as therapy for epilepsy. This procedure removed approximately 50 of the anterior portion of the hippocampus, as well as the amygdala and lateral temporal lobe. Participants attempted to walk without vision to a previously viewed target 26 m distant. Patients with right, but not left, hemisphere lesions exhibited both a decrease in the consistency of path integration and a systematic underregistration of linear displacement (and/or velocity) during walking. Moreover, the deficits were observable even when there were virtually no angular acceleration vestibular signals. The results suggest that structures in the medial temporal lobe participate in human path integration when individuals walk along linear paths and that this is so to a greater extent in right hemisphere structures than left. This information is relevant for future research investigating the neural substrates of navigation, not only in humans (e.g., functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies), but also in rodents and other animals.
Point-to-point MIMO MMSE vector precoding and thp achieving capacity

Non-linear precoding for point-to-point (P2P) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is considered. First, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) optimal vector precoding (VP) is presented for different receiver structures, viz., weighted identity matrix, diagonal matrix, weighted unitary matrix, and matrix without particular structure. Whereas the former two structures can also be applied to the vector broadcast channel, the latter two are only realizable for cooperative receivers. Second, VP is derived that minimizes the MSE but is restricted to maximize the mutual information of the MIMO channel. Third, the corresponding Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) is found by applying the nearest-plane approximation to the computation of the perturbation signal. The resulting maximum mutual information THP clearly outperforms the state-of-the-art P2P-MIMO THP based on the generalized triangular decomposition (GTD) with respect to MSE and BER.
A Mouse Model for Imprinting of the Human Retinoblastoma Gene

The human RB1 gene is imprinted due to integration of the PPP1R26P1 pseudogene into intron 2. PPP1R26P1 harbors the gametic differentially methylated region of the RB1 gene, CpG85, which is methylated in the female germ line. The paternally unmethylated CpG85 acts as promoter for the alternative transcript 2B of RB1, which interferes with expression of full-length RB1 in cis. In mice, PPP1R26P1 is not present in the Rb1 gene and Rb1 is not imprinted. Assuming that the mechanisms responsible for genomic imprinting are conserved, we investigated if imprinting of mouse Rb1 can be induced by transferring human PPP1R26P1 into mouse Rb1. We generated humanized Rb1_PPP1R26P1 knock-in mice that pass human PPP1R26P1 through the mouse germ line. We found that the function of unmethylated CpG85 as promoter for an alternative Rb1 transcript and as cis-repressor of the main Rb1 transcript is maintained in mouse tissues. However, CpG85 is not recognized as a gametic differentially methylated region in the mouse germ line. DNA methylation at CpG85 is acquired only in tissues of neuroectodermal origin, independent of parental transmission of PPP1R26P1. Absence of CpG85 methylation in oocytes and sperm implies a failure of imprint methylation establishment in the germ line. Our results indicate that site-specific integration of a proven human gametic differentially methylated region is not sufficient for acquisition of DNA methylation in the mouse germ line, even if promoter function of the element is maintained. This suggests a considerable dependency of DNA methylation induction on the surrounding sequence. However, our model is suited to determine the cellular function of the alternative Rb1 transcript.
The effect of e‐mail on attitudes towards performance feedback

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to argue that people's inherent attitudes towards the various communication media (e‐mail, paper‐form, face‐to‐face) will change their reactions to identical performance feedback.Design/methodology/approach – Using an empirical scenario study with 171 business school students as participants, peoples' attitudes were explored about the use of e‐mail for feedback by having participants enact the role of an organizational employee receiving (identical) feedback via e‐mail, paper‐form, or a face‐to‐face conversation.Findings – It was found that people responded most positively to the feedback when they believed it was delivered via paper‐form, and most negatively when they believed it was delivered via e‐mail. Thus it is theoretically challenged that the notion that all text‐based media (i.e. paper‐form and e‐mail) should be considered identical, and empirically document differences. Further, the negative reaction to the concept of feedback delivered via e‐mail was ma.
Studies of Human MDR1-MDR2 Chimeras Demonstrate the Functional Exchangeability of a Major Transmembrane Segment of the Multidrug Transporter and Phosphatidylcholine Flippase

ABSTRACT P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the MDR1 gene, is a plasma membrane transporter which effluxes a large number of structurally nonrelated hydrophobic compounds. The molecular basis of the broad substrate recognition of P-gp is not well understood. Despite the 78% amino acid sequence identity of the MDR1 andMDR2 transporter, MDR2, which has been identified as a phosphatidylcholine transporter, does not transport most MDR1 substrates. The structural and functional differences between MDR1 and MDR2 provide an opportunity to identify the residues essential for the broad substrate spectrum of MDR1. Using an approach involving exchanging homologous segments of MDR1 and MDR2 and site-directed mutagenesis, we have demonstrated that MDR1 residues Q330, V331, and L332 in transmembrane domain 6 are sufficient to allow an MDR2 backbone in the N-terminal half of P-gp to transport several MDR1 substrates, including bisantrene, colchicine, vinblastine, and rhodamine-123. These studies help define some residues important for multidrug transport and indicate the close functional relationship between the multidrug transporter (MDR1) and phosphatidylcholine flippase (MDR2).
Metaphor Comprehension by Language Learning Disabled and Normally Achieving Adolescent Boys

The ability of language learning disabled (LLD) and normally achieving (NA) adolescents to interpret metaphors embedded in semantically appropriate verbal contexts was examined. The effects of response mode (verbal explanation and paraphrase selection), order of response mode, and type of ground (perceptual attributes and psychological characteristics) were also analyzed. Thirty-two male subjects (16 LLD and 16 NA), ages 16 to 18 years, interpreted 24 metaphors in which the task-specific vocabulary was controlled. The LLD subjects provided significantly fewer correct metaphor interpretations than the NA subjects. The magnitude of difference between the LLD and the NLA subjects was twice as large when the initial mode of response was paraphrase selection. For both groups, metaphors were easier to interpret by paraphrase selection than by verbal explanation, and perceptual metaphors were easier to interpret than psychological metaphors, but only in the explanation condition. The two groups' performance showed no striking qualitative differences. The relatively poor performance of the LLD adolescents was not related to general vocabulary knowledge or to knowledge of task-specific vocabulary. The possible roles of impoverished or poorly organized semantic knowledge and of deficient inferential skills in the LLD subjects' poor performance are discussed.
‘What else should I say?’ An analysis of the question repetition practiced in police interviews of 4–11‐year‐olds

Forensic interviewing protocols caution against question repetition, because it is believed that repetition may encourage detrimental changes in the accuracy of children’s responses. Transcripts of 95 police interviews, with children aged between 4 and 11 years, who had made allegations of abuse, were examined for instances of question repetition. Repetitions were coded for their position in the interview, the number, style, intent and consequence of repetition. Question repetition was involved in 25% of all questions asked and led to changes in 75% of children’s responses. These findings have major implications for the conduct of forensic interviews.
Selective Sweeps Reveal Candidate Genes for Adaptation to Drought and Salt Tolerance in Common Sunflower, Helianthus annuus

Here we report the results of an analysis of variation at 128 EST-based microsatellites in wild Helianthus annuus, using populations from the species' typical plains habitat in Kansas and Colorado, as well as two arid desert and two distinct brackish marsh areas in Utah. The test statistics lnRV and lnRH were used to find regions of the genome that were significantly less variable in one population relative to the others and thus are likely to contain genes under selection. A small but detectable percentage (1.5–6%) of genes showed evidence for selection from both statistics in any particular environment, and a total of 17 loci showed evidence of selection in at least one environment. Distance-based measures provided additional evidence of selection for 15 of the 17 loci. Global FST-values were significantly higher for candidate loci, as expected under divergent selection. However, pairwise FST-values were lower for populations that shared a selective sweep. Moreover, while spatially separated populations undergoing similar selective pressures showed evidence of divergence at some loci, they evolved in concert at other loci. Thus, this study illustrates how selective sweeps might contribute both to the integration of conspecific populations and to the differentiation of races or species.
Experienced secondary science teachers' perceptions of effective professional development while pursuing National Board certification

Reports such as Rising Above the Gathering Storm and Europe Needs More Scientists exemplify the international community’s concern about the state of public science education. With a lack of scientific literacy for all students and insufficient numbers of individuals choosing to pursue careers in science, the situation is seen as a threat to the sustainability of a robust national economy. Continuing professional development for science teachers is considered a key reform strategy for addressing the problem. As nations invest considerable funds towards improving the quality of science teachers (and consequently student learning) it is reasonable to explore science teacher perceptions regarding the most effective professional learning opportunities. This descriptive study surveyed 118 candidates for National Board certification in Adolescent and Young Adult Science from 42 states about their professional learning experiences. The survey intended to answer the question: ‘How do candidates perceive the relative effectiveness of different professional learning experiences? ’ ‘Effectiveness’ here is defined as a professional development's ability to help a teacher foster improved student learning. It is important to note that the survey focused on the approaches to professional development rather than the content or goals of said experiences. Candidates' self‐reports reveal that developing science curriculum, reading scientific literature, and pursuing National Board certification are the three most productive approaches to professional development while education courses and in‐service workshops were identified as least effective. The results suggest that no one model of professional development explains the top rated activities.
Toward a Network Society

Part I of the article offers “traditional” academic comment on what Raab and Kenis (2009) do say in their article about the topics they address. Then, in ways that radically depart from the normal academic discourse in such cases, Part II discusses some things that they do not “say” but which need to start to become an integral part of “regular” academic discourse on these kinds of topics by focusing on the “dark” sides of a society of networks—dark, figuratively, and dark, literally.
Attachment orientations, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction in a community sample of women

The current research focuses on the detrimental effects of attachment insecurities on sexuality and relationship quality. A community sample of 96 women completed self-report scales tapping attachment orientations; relationship satisfaction; sex-related affect and cognitions; and sexual functioning. Findings indicate that although both attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with aversive sexual affect and cognitions, attachment anxiety was more detrimental to sexual functioning. In addition, only attachment anxiety was significantly associated with relational and sexual dissatisfaction, however, sexual satisfaction mediates the association between attachment anxiety and relationship satisfaction. The possibility that attachment orientations are associated with different strategies and interaction goals in the operation of the sexual system within romantic relationships is discussed.
Botrytis fabiopsis, a new species causing chocolate spot of broad bean in central China

The current study was conducted to identify Botrytis spp. isolated from symptomatic broad bean plants grown in Hubei Province, China. Among 184 Botrytis strains, three distinct species, B. cinerea, B. fabae and a previously undescribed Botrytis sp. , were identified based on morphology of colonies, sclerotia and conidia. The novel Botrytis sp. is described herein as a new species, Botrytis fabiopsis sp. nov. At 20 C B. fabiopsis grew on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 12–13 mm d−1, similar to B. fabae (13 mm d−1), but slower than B. cinerea (17–19 mm d−1). It formed pale gray colonies with short aerial mycelia and produced gray to black sclerotia in concentric rings on PDA. B. fabiopsis produced greater numbers of sclerotia than B. cinerea but fewer than B. fabae. Conidia produced by B. fabiopsis on broad bean leaves are hyaline to pale brown, elliptical to ovoid, wrinkled on the surface and are larger than conidia of B. fabae and B. cinerea. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined DNA sequence data of three nuclear genes (G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2) showed that B. fabiopsis is closely related to B. galanthina, the causal agent of gray mold disease of Galanthus sp. , but distantly related to B. fabae and B. cinerea. Sequence analysis of genes encoding necrosis and ethylene-inducing proteins (NEPs) indicated that B. fabiopsis is distinct from B. galanthina. Inoculation of broad bean leaves with conidia of B. fabiopsis caused typical chocolate spot symptoms with a similar disease severity to that caused by B. fabae but significantly greater than that caused by B. cinerea. This study suggests that B. fabiopsis is a new causal agent for chocolate spot of broad bean.
Categorical influences on chromatic search asymmetries

The experiments reported here investigate asymmetries in performance of speeded target detection and visual search tasks using colourful stimuli. Experiment 1 found evidence of asymmetries in the performance of within-category trials in both tasks. Two further experiments consider possible explanations. The results of Experiment 2 suggest these asymmetries are not linked to changes in the frequency with which individual stimuli appear in trials. A third experiment shows that asymmetries in performance of the two tasks are accompanied by changes in stimulus categorization, thus providing evidence that asymmetries in performance of search tasks may represent a language driven category effect. In the Discussion section, theories describing how category information might give rise to the asymmetries found are considered.
The cognitive context of pupils' alternative frameworks

The rationality of students’ alternative frameworks is discussed by considering the role played by their beliefs, their understanding of other views and the reasons they give to justify their own beliefs and to reject alternatives. These notions are used in an investigation of some of the cognitive effects of a series of introductory lessons about electricity on a class of 14‐year old boys. Changes which occurred not only in the beliefs of the students but also in the mental context in which these beliefs were embedded, were studied. Some of the implications of the findings for teaching science are briefly discussed.
Estimates of Impressions Based on Frequency of Blinking

The influence of frequency of blinking on creating a personal impression was examined. Participants were 88 Japanese university students, who rated stimulus persons on a 7-point semantic differential scale. The stimulus persons, two males and two females, were presented on a 20-second video simulating various blink rates. A factor analysis yielded 3 factors, interpreted as nervousness, unfriendliness, and carelessness. As the frequency of the stimulus persons’ blinking increased, so did the tendency to rate them as more nervous and more careless. The results indicate that frequency of blinking plays an important role in impression formation.
Noncustodial Mothers Following Divorce

Historically women have been responsible for pro- viding the primary care of their children. This notion of responsi- bility for the care and well-being of children is central to the definition of motherhood. When mothers relinquish custody of their children prior to their 18th birthday, they elicit suspicions of deviance and nonnormality. There are an estimated 500,000 to 1,200,000 noncustodial mothers in the United States, with approxi- mately 75% being voluntary relinquishers. This chapter identifies, through a review of the social science literature on maternal noncustody and examination of a specific study, the broad range of reasons for becoming a noncustodial mother, as well as provides a clearer picture of the noncustodial mother-child relationship pursuant to relinquishment. An overall theme from the literature was a general societal disapproval regarding maternal custody relinquishment, which in the study described, negatively affected respondents self- perceptions. This study describes the soci.
Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions for Children Exposed to Nonrelational Traumatic Events

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions targeting traumatic stress among children exposed to nonrelational traumatic events (eg, accidents, natural disasters, war). METHODS: We assessed research on psychological and pharmacological therapy as part of an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality–commissioned comparative effectiveness review. We conducted focused searches of Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Science. Two trained reviewers independently selected, extracted data from, and rated the risk of bias of relevant trials and systematic reviews. We used qualitative rather than quantitative analysis methods because of statistical heterogeneity, insufficient numbers of similar studies, and variation in outcome reporting. RESULTS: We found a total of 21 trials and 1 cohort study of medium or low risk of bias from our review of 6647 unduplicated abstracts. We generally did not find studies that attempted to replicate findings of effective interventions. In the short term, no pharmacotherapy intervention demonstrated efficacy, and only a few psychological treatments (each with elements of cognitive behavioral therapy) showed benefit. The body of evidence provides little insight into how interventions to treat children exposed to trauma might influence healthy long-term development. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings serve as a call to action: Psychotherapeutic intervention may be beneficial relative to no treatment in children exposed to traumatic events. Definitive guidance, however, requires far more research on the comparative effectiveness of interventions targeting children exposed to nonrelational traumatic events.
Pilot study of the accuracy of bedside glucometry in the intensive care unit

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of bedside glucometry among critically ill patients. Design Prospective audit, with sequential specimen collection. Setting Thirty-two-bed cardiovascular, neurosurgical, and medical-surgical intensive care unit in a single Canadian center. Patients Ten critically ill adults, who were sequentially followed during their intensive care unit stay. Eight had diabetes mellitus, and three were in shock. Measurements and Main Results Repeat arterial blood samples were obtained by the attending nurse, who withdrew a portion of the sample and performed reflectance glucometry at the bedside. The remainder was immediately sent in a vacuum-sealed plasma separation tube to the hospital laboratory, and analyzed using a conventional plasma glucose analyzer by a laboratory technologist. Sequential samples were taken at intervals of at least 12 hrs of one other. A total of 105 arterial glucose pairs were obtained. There was a significant correlation between the laboratory and glucometry determined glucose concentrations (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.86, p < .0001). The overall average laboratory-glucometry glucose difference was −0.04 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.3–2.2 mmol/L). Five out of 105 values (4.8%) lay beyond these confidence bounds. The square of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r2) between the mean glucose level and the laboratory-glucometry glucose difference was not significant (0.01, 95% CI 0.005–0.04;p = .22), suggesting the absence of any trend between rising glucose concentration and the laboratory-glucometry difference. Conclusions Bedside glucose testing of arterial whole blood samples may be an accurate alternative to laboratory plasma glucose measurement among critically ill adults, within approximately 2.3 mmol/L of certainty. Because previous studies have suggested that this bedside technique may be prone to a moderate degree of error among patients in shock as well as those with an abnormal blood pH or hematocrit, larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.