Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of everyday beliefs about health: The Lay Concepts of Health Inventory, college student version

This research investigated lay conceptualisations about health using a progressive mixed-method approach, culminating in a new self-report measure of lay concepts of health. In Study 1, 223 community and college-aged adults provided everyday descriptors of healthy people. These open-ended qualitative responses were narrowed to 259 distinct descriptors, and subsequently rated on their importance to health by a second lay sample (Study 2). The health descriptors rated as most important were then subjected to exploratory factor analysis in Study 3, resulting in five distinguishable factors. Proposed scale items were then administered again (to college students, in Study 4), and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. The CFA supported a four-factor model, comprised of Social-Emotional Health, Positive Health Practices, Absence of Stress and Anxiety, and Adequate Rest, presented as the college student version of the Lay Concepts of Health Inventory. The measure, as well as limitations and recommendations for future research, are presented.
A study of control independence in superscalar processors

Control independence has been put forward as a significant new source of instruction level parallelism for future generation processors. However, its performance potential under practical hardware constraints is not known, and even less is understood about the factors that contribute to or limit the performance of control independence. Important aspects of control independence are identified and singled out for study, and a series of idealized machine models are used to isolate and evaluate these aspects. It is shown that much of the performance potential of control independence is lost due to data dependences and wasted resources consumed by incorrect control dependent instructions. Even so, control independence can close the performance gap between real and perfect branch prediction by as much as half. Next, important implementation issues are discussed and some design alternatives are given. This is followed by a more detailed set of simulations, where the key implementation features are realistically modeled. These simulations show typical performance improvements of 10-30%.
The Association Between Periodontal Inflammation and Labor Triggers (Elevated Cytokine Levels) in Preterm Birth: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND Periodontitis is considered to be a risk factor for preterm birth. Mechanisms have been proposed for this pathologic relation, but the exact pathologic pattern remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate levels of four major labor triggers, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum samples between women with preterm birth (PTB) and full-term birth (FTB) and correlate them with periodontal parameters. METHODS PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in GCF and serum samples collected 24 to 48 hours after labor from 120 women (60 FTB, 60 PTB). RESULTS Women with PTB exhibited significantly more periodontitis, worse periodontal parameters, and increased GCF levels of IL-6 and PGE2 compared with the FTB group; there were no significant differences in serum levels of measured markers. GCF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 and serum levels of TNF-α and PGE2 were significantly higher in women with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy women. Serum levels of PGE2 were positively correlated with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) as well as with GCF levels of TNF-α in women with PTB. CONCLUSIONS Women with PTB demonstrated worse periodontal parameters and significantly increased GCF levels of IL-6 and PGE2 compared with those with FTB. Based on significant correlations among serum PGE2 and PD, CAL, and GCF TNF-α in PTB, periodontitis may cause an overall increase of labor triggers and hence contribute to preterm labor onset.
Monitor Corneal Epithelial Healing Under Bandage Contact Lens Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography After Pterygium Surgery

Objective: To monitor corneal epithelial healing under bandage contact lens (BCL) using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) after pterygium surgery. Methods: Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients undergoing pterygium excision and conjunctival autografting were randomly allocated into 2 groups: 20 eyes were covered with silicone hydrogel BCLs at the end of surgery and 19 eyes served as a control. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography scans of the cornea were performed sequentially at 1, 2, and 3 days, and then every other day until the end of re-epithelialization after surgery. Complete epithelial healing was verified with fluorescein staining examination after removal of BCLs. Postsurgery pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale. Results: All BCLs were successfully fit without any contact lens–related complications. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence images clearly revealed the architectural features of postoperative cornea with BCL in situ and showed epithelial healing process. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging agreed with the fluorescein staining examinations in detecting corneal epithelial defect. Based on the assessment by UHR-OCT, the average time course of re-epithelialization in the BCL group was 3.9±1.2 days, whereas in the control group, it was 5.7±1.8 days (P=0.001). Visual analog scale scoring showed lower pain levels in the BCL group comparing with the control group at each point of time (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography is an excellent tool in monitoring corneal epithelial healing under BCLs and determining the appropriate time for lens removal. Silicone hydrogel BCL is recommended as an adjuvant therapy after pterygium surgery for its efficacy in improving re-epithelialization and postoperative comfort.
A systolic array technique for determining common approximate substrings

A new technique that makes use of a systolic array structure is proposed for solving the common approximate substring (CAS) problem. This approach extends the technique introduced in (Kent et al., 2006) from the computation of the edit-distance between two strings to the more encompassing CAS problem. The technique presented is validated and analyzed through simulation
Assessment of Autistic Traits in Children Aged 2 to 4½ Years With the Preschool Version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS‐P): Findings from Japan

The recent development and use of autism measures for the general population has led to a growing body of evidence which suggests that autistic traits are distributed along a continuum. However, as most existing autism measures were designed for use in children older than age 4, to date, little is known about the autistic continuum in children younger than age 4. As autistic symptoms are evident in the first few years, to address this research gap, the current study tested the preschool version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS‐P) in children aged 2 to 4½ years in clinical (N = 74, average age 40 months, 26–51 months) and community settings (N = 357, average age 39 months, 25–50 months) in Japan. Using information obtained from different raters (mothers, other caregivers, and teachers) it was found that the scale demonstrated a good degree of internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability and test‐retest reliability, and a satisfactory degree of convergent validity for the clinical sample when compared with scores from diagnostic “gold standard” autism measures. Receiver operating characteristic analyses and the group comparisons also showed that the SRS‐P total score discriminated well between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those without ASD. Importantly, this scale could identify autistic symptoms or traits distributed continually across the child population at this age irrespective of the presence of an ASD diagnosis. These findings suggest that the SRS‐P might be a sensitive instrument for case identification including subthreshold ASD, as well as a potentially useful research tool for exploring ASD endophenotypes. Autism Res 2017, 10: 852–865. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of dis-/reconnection of laser microgrooved and machined implant abutments on soft- and hard-tissue healing.

OBJECTIVES To (i) investigate the influence of different extensions of a laser microgrooved abutment zone on connective tissue attachment and (ii) assess the impact of a repeated abutment dis-/reconnection on soft- and hard-tissue healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium implants were inserted epicrestally in the lower jaws of six dogs. Healing abutments with either partially (LP) or completely (LC) laser microgrooved margins or machined surface margins (M) were randomly allocated either to a single (1×)/repeated (2×) dis-/reconnection at 4 and 6 weeks (test), respectively, or left undisturbed (control). At 6 and 8 weeks, histomorphometrical (e.g. most coronal level of bone in contact with the implant [CBI], subepithelial connective tissue attachment [STC]) and immunohistochemical (Collagen Type-I [CI]) parameters were assessed. RESULTS At control sites, LP/LC groups revealed lower mean CBL (8 weeks, 0.95 ± 0.51 vs. 0.54 ± 0.63 vs. 1.66 ± 1.26 mm), higher mean STC (8 weeks, 82.58 ± 24.32% vs. 96.37 ± 5.12% vs. 54.17 ± 8.09%), but comparable CI antigen reactivity. A repeated abutment manipulation was associated with increased mean CBL (8 weeks, 1.53 ± 1.09 vs. 0.94 ± 0.17 vs. 1.06 ± 0.34 mm), decreased STC (8 weeks, 57.34 ± 43.06% vs. 13.26 ± 19.04% vs. 37.76 ± 37.08%) and CI values. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that (i) LC>LP abutments enhanced subepithelial connective tissue attachment and preserved crestal bone levels, (ii) repeated abutment dis-/reconnection during the initial healing phase (4-6 weeks) may be associated with increased soft- and hard-tissue changes and (iii) LP and LC should be considered using a one abutment, one time approach.
Pathomicrobial studies on Salmonella Gallinarum infection in broiler chickens.

Aim: To conduct detailed pathomicrobial studies on Salmonella Gallinarum infection in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Bacteriological and pathological studies were conducted on 134 dead poultry birds collected from 23 different farms suspected to be infected with S. Gallinarum. Results: Mortality pattern revealed that maximum mortality occurred in 1-2 week aged birds. Out of 23 Salmonella isolates, 19 samples were identified as S. Gallinarum (9, 12) and 4 samples as Salmonella Enteritidis (9, 12: gm). Isolates were found to be most sensitive to Polymyxin B (100%). The present study also showed re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity (83.33%). Pathological lesions observed were bronze discolouration of liver, splenomegaly and necrotic foci on liver, spleen and heart. Microscopically, liver and spleen revealed aggregation of heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, nonsuppurative myocarditis, fibrinous pericarditis, interstitial nephritis, necrotic enteritis and serofibrinous pneumonia. Conclusion: It was concluded that S. Gallinarum 9, 12 was the main serotype causing Salmonellosis in poultry birds. Polymyxin B was the most sensitive drug (100%) for Salmonella infection along with re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity for Salmonella (83.33%) infection.
Influence of flexibility on the aerodynamic performance of a hovering wing

SUMMARY In the present study, a computational investigation was carried out to understand the influence of flexibility on the aerodynamic performance of a hovering wing. A flexible, two-dimensional, two-link model moving within a viscous fluid was considered. The Navier–Stokes equations governing the fluid dynamics were solved together with the equations governing the structural dynamics by using a strongly coupled fluid–structure interaction scheme. Harmonic kinematics was used to prescribe the motions of one of the links, thus effectively reducing the wing to a single degree-of-freedom oscillator. The wing's flexibility was characterized by the ratio of the flapping frequency to the natural frequency of the structure. Apart from the rigid case, different values of this frequency ratio (only in the range of 1/2 to 1/6) were considered at the Reynolds numbers of 75, 250 and 1000. It was found that flexibility can enhance aerodynamic performance and that the best performance is realized when the wing is excited by a non-linear resonance at 1/3 of the natural frequency. Specifically, at Reynolds numbers of 75, 250 and 1000, the aerodynamic performance that is characterized by the ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient is respectively increased by 28%, 23% and 21% when compared with the corresponding ratios of a rigid wing driven with the same kinematics. For all Reynolds numbers, the lift generated per unit driving power is also enhanced in a similar manner. The wake capture mechanism is enhanced, due to a stronger flow around the wing at stroke reversal, resulting from a stronger end of stroke vortex at the trailing edge. The present study provides some clues about how flexibility affects the aerodynamic performance in low Reynolds number flapping flight. In addition, it points to the importance of considering non-linear resonances for enhancing aerodynamic performance.
Constraints on human arm movement trajectories.

The underlying pirn-esses in movement organization and control were studied by varying the conditions under which arm movements were made. The three-dimensional movement trajectories of the following conditions were contrasted: pointing to a target with the index linger versus grasping a disk the same size as the target, grasping a fragile object versus a soil resilient object, and grasping a disk either to throw into a large box or place into a light litting well. Results showed that the arm trajectories, as represented by the resultant velocity profile of the wrist, varied considerably in their shape with the main factor being when peak velocity was reached as a function of the total duration of the movement. It appeared that when task demands required greater precision, the main deceleration phase of the trajectory was increased in duration. These results do not support a movement production mechanism that has access to an abstract representation of a base velocity profile and that creates trajectories by a simple scaling procedure in the temporal domain. Rather, the results support a view of movement production as relatively specific to the past experience of the performer and the constraints of the task. Ix's processus a la base du controlc el de ('organisation du mouvement out etc etudies en variant les conditions sous lesquelles les mouvements du bras etaient executes. Les trajectoires de mouvemenl tridimcnsionncl des conditions suivantes etaient niises en contraste: pointer une cible avee l'index versus saisir un disque de la meme taille que la cible; saisir un objet fragile versus un object elastique. mou; ct, saisir un disque suit pour le lancer dans une grnnde boitc soit le placer dans un puits bien ajustc. Les resultats indiquent que les trajectoires du bras, lelles que represenlees par le prolil de velocite
The effects of multimodal feedback on older adults' task performance given varying levels of computer experience

This experiment examines the effect that computer experience and various combinations of feedback (auditory, haptic, and/or visual) have on the performance of older adults completing a drag-and-drop task on a computer. Participants were divided into three computer experience groups, based on their frequency of use and breadth of computer knowledge. Each participant completed a series of drag-and-drop tasks under each of seven feedback conditions (three unimodal, three bimodal, one trimodal). Performance was assessed using measures of efficiency and accuracy. Experienced users responded well to all multimodal feedback while users without experience responded well to auditory-haptic bimodal, but poorly to haptic-visual bimodal feedback. Based on performance benefits for older adults seen in this experiment, future research should extend investigations to effectively integrate multimodal feedback into GUI interfaces in order to improve usability for this growing and diverse user group.
Stimulus-dependent synchronization of neuronal responses in the visual cortex of the awake macaque monkey

In visual areas of the cerebral cortex, most neurons exhibit preferences for particular features of visual stimuli, but in general, the tuning is broad. Thus, even simple stimuli evoke responses in numerous neurons with differing but overlapping feature preferences, and it is commonly held that a particular feature is encoded in the pattern of graded responses of the activated population rather than in the optimal responses of individual cells. To decipher this population code, responses evoked by a particular stimulus need to be identified and bound together for further joint processing and must not be confounded with responses to other, nearby stimuli. Such selection of related responses could be achieved by synchronizing the respective discharges at a time scale of milliseconds, as this would selectively and jointly enhance their saliency. This hypothesis predicts that a given set of neurons should exhibit synchronized discharges more often when responding to a single stimulus than when activated by different but simultaneously presented stimuli. To test this prediction, recordings were performed with two electrodes from spatially segregated cells in the middle temporal area (MT) of the awake behaving macaque monkey. It was found that cells with overlapping receptive fields, but different preferences for directions of motion, can engage in synchronous activity if they are stimulated with a single moving bar. In contrast, if the same cells are activated with two different bars, each moving in the direction preferred by the cells at the two respective sites, responses show no or much fewer synchronous epochs. Control experiments exclude that this effect is attributable to changes in response amplitude, the mere presence of two stimuli, or the specific orientation of the bars. The critical variable determining the strength of correlation is the extent to which both sites are activated by a common stimulus or by two different stimuli with different directions of motion.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle With Matrix-Associated Chondrocyte Implantation

Background: Conventional autologous chondrocyte transplantation in the ankle often requires tibial or fibular osteotomies with potential morbidity for the patient. Advances in biotechnology and surgical techniques have resulted in the development of matrix-associated chondrocyte implantation (MACI). As the chondrocyte-loaded scaffold can be applied arthroscopically, this procedure is especially useful for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the ankle. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic MACI is a safe procedure in the ankle with good clinical and magnetic resonance imaging results. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The authors reviewed all patients (n = 18) who had arthroscopic MACI for osteochondral lesions of the ankle (n = 19) between February 2006 and May 2008 clinically and with magnetic resonance imaging. The pain and disability module of the Foot Function Index (FFI), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) clinical rating system, the Core Scale of the Foot and Ankle Module of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Lower Limb Outcomes Assessment Instruments, and the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score were used. The clinical results up to 3 years after MACI (mean follow-up, 24.5 months) were compared with preoperative data for 14 cases and the magnetic resonance imaging data for all 19. Results: A significant improvement (50.3% ± 13.2%) in all clinical scores was noted (FFI pain before MACI: 5.5 ± 2.0, after MACI: 2.8 ± 2.2; FFI disability before MACI: 5.0 ± 2.3, after MACI: 2.6 ± 2.2; AOFAS before MACI: 58.6 ± 16.1, after MACI: 80.4 ± 14.1; AAOS standardized mean before MACI: 59.9 ± 16.0, after MACI: 83.5 ± 13.2; AAOS normative score before MACI: 23.0 ± 13.0, after MACI: 42.2 ± 10.7). According to the AOFAS Hindfoot score, 64% were rated as excellent and good, whereas 36% were rated fair and poor. The results correlated with the age of the patient and the duration of symptoms, but not with the size of the lesion. Sixteen patients (89%) reported regular sports activities before the onset of symptoms; 13 of them (81%) returned to sports after the MACI, 56% (n = 9) to the same level. The mean MOCART score was 62.4 ± 15.8 points. In general, there was no relation between MOCART score and clinical outcome, although the filling of the defect showed some correlation with the AAOS score. Conclusion: Arthroscopic MACI is a safe procedure for the treatment of osteochondral lesions in the ankle with overall good clinical and magnetic resonance imaging results.
Use cases considered harmful

This article traces the unstable semantics of use cases from Jacobson to UML 1.3. The UML 1.1 metamodel formally defined the "uses" and "extend" use case relationships as stereotypes of generalisation, yet both received interpretations that varied between inheritance and composition, reflecting a large degree of confusion among developers. The recently revised UML 1.3 has quietly dropped these in favour of new "include" and "extend" relationships, which are styled instead as kind of dependency. Despite this change, the deployment of use case diagrams encourages analysts to correspondence and develop models which conceal arbitrary jumps in the flow of control, corresponding to goto and come from statements, and in which unpleasant non-local dependencies exist across modules. A discussion of examples reveals how a conscientious designer must disassemble use case models completely to produce properly-structured code. A radical solution is proposed.