Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proof-guided underapproximation-widening for multi-process systems

This paper presents a procedure for the verification of multi-process systems based on considering a series of underapproximated models. The procedure checks models with an increasing set of allowed interleavings of the given set of processes, starting from a single interleaving. The procedure relies on SAT solvers' ability to produce proofs of unsatisfiability: from these proofs it derives information that guides the process of adding interleavings on the one hand, and determines termination on the other. The presented approach is integrated in a SAT-based Bounded Model Checking (BMC) framework. Thus, a BMC formulation of a multi-process system is introduced, which allows controlling which interleavings are considered. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the practical impact of the presented method.
The Decision to Recruit Online: A Descriptive Study

Online recruitment is a new tool, at the disposal of the HR departments, which has known a phenomenal success in very short time. This paper presents the findings of some descriptive research, involving UK IT companies. The research tries to identify the effect that the perceived attributes of the practice have on the decision of companies to recruit through the Internet. The attributes tested are cost effectiveness; recruitment cycle time; response rate; quality of response; impact on the image of the company; targeting of specific niches; targeting of the passive job‐seeker; worldwide coverage; necessary resources, time and effort to implement; attractiveness of the mean to the job seekers (especially IT professionals and young graduates); risk of overload of answers; and impact of the size and reputation of the company. The paper provides an insight on how the companies perceive and value online recruitment.
Women and the publication process: A content analysis of criminal justice journals

Journal publications have a great impact on academic disciplines; they have the power to define topics of inquiry and to structure research questions. Prior research suggests that women do not participate in the publication process in proportion to their representation in various disciplines. This study reports the results of a content analysis of criminal justice journals which examines women's participation in the publication process.
Incidence, Types, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Stroke in a Developing Country: The Trivandrum Stroke Registry

Background and Purpose— Despite increasing burden of stroke in developing countries, population-based data are rare. Through the Trivandrum Stroke Registry, we intend to assess incidence, types, risk factors, and outcome of stroke among urban and rural dwellers of a South Indian community. Methods— We ascertained all first-ever strokes occurring among 741 000 urban and 185 000 rural inhabitants of Trivandrum, Kerala. In addition to Steps 1 and 2 of World Health Organization STEPS Stroke Manual, we used multiple supplementary methods to maximize ascertainment of nonfatal and nonhospitalized fatal stroke events in the community. Results— During a 6-month period, 541 strokes were registered, 431 in the urban and 110 in the rural communities. Stroke occurred at a median age of 67 years; only 3.8% of patients were aged ≤40 years. Adjusted annual incidence rates per 100 000 were 135 (95% confidence interval 123 to 146) for total, 135 (122–148) for urban, and 138 (112–164) for rural populations, and 74.8 (66.3 to 83.2), 10.1 (7.0 to 13.2), and 4.2 (2.2 to 6.1) for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. There was more stroke of undetermined type in the rural community. One or more modifiable risk factors were identified in 90% patients. More rural male patients smoked tobacco. The 28th day case fatality rate was 24.5% for urban and 37.1% for rural populations (P=0.011). Conclusions— There are more similarities than differences between developing and developed countries in the epidemiology of stroke. Compared to urban stroke patients, rural ones are less likely to be optimally investigated and treated.
Testing for inherited thrombophilia does not reduce the recurrence of venous thrombosis

Summary. Background: Inherited thrombophilia is only weakly associated with recurrence in patients with a first venous thrombosis (VT). In spite of this, thrombophilia testing is often performed in these patients. Positive results may influence patient management such as prolonged anticoagulant treatment or intensified prophylaxis in high‐risk situations. Objective: To investigate whether thrombophilia testing reduces the risk of recurrent VT by virtue of these management alterations. Methods: From a large case–control study of patients (MEGA study), aged 18–70 years, with a first VT between 1999 and 2004, we selected 197 patients who had had a recurrence during follow‐up. We compared the incidence of thrombophilia testing to that of a control cohort of 324 patients. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for recurrent thrombosis in tested vs. non‐tested patients. Only patients who were tested before recurrence were regarded as tested. All first and recurrent thrombotic events were objectively confirmed. Results: Thrombophilia tests were performed in 35% of cases and in 30% of controls. The OR for recurrence was 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9–1.8] for tested vs. non‐tested patients. After correction for age, sex, family history, geographic region, presence of clinical risk factors, and year of first VT, the OR remained unchanged. Discussion: Thrombophilia testing in patients with a first VT does not reduce the incidence of recurrence in clinical practice.
Good Relations, Micro-Entrepreneurship, and Permissive Spaces: "Transitional" Homelessness in St. Petersburg

This study examines how survival strategies of homeless people in St. Petersburg, Russia, have been affected by "rollback" and "rollout" patterns of neoliberalism. The chaotic transition to a market economy after 1991 caused widespread poverty, but it also provided opportunities that allowed the most marginalized people to carve out niches to exist. Outdoor markets, railway stations, and other places of petty commerce provided options to earn money, whereas spaces for privacy and rest were offered in dilapidated, neglected apartment blocks. Since 2000, however, a thorough urban revitalization of the city has seriously reconfigured these spaces, thereby jeopardizing the survival of the homeless.
CcpA Regulates Arginine Biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus through Repression of Proline Catabolism

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of community-associated and nosocomial infections. Imperative to the success of S. aureus is the ability to adapt and utilize nutrients that are readily available. Genomic sequencing suggests that S. aureus has the genes required for synthesis of all twenty amino acids. However, in vitro experimentation demonstrates that staphylococci have multiple amino acid auxotrophies, including arginine. Although S. aureus possesses the highly conserved anabolic pathway that synthesizes arginine via glutamate, we demonstrate here that inactivation of ccpA facilitates the synthesis of arginine via the urea cycle utilizing proline as a substrate. Mutations within putA, rocD, arcB1, argG and argH abolished the ability of S. aureus JE2 ccpA::tetL to grow in the absence of arginine, whereas an interruption in argJBCF, arcB2, or proC had no effect. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated that JE2 ccpA::ermB produced 13C5 labeled arginine when grown with 13C5 proline. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that S. aureus synthesizes arginine from proline during growth on secondary carbon sources. Furthermore, although highly conserved in all sequenced S. aureus genomes, the arginine anabolic pathway (ArgJBCDFGH) is not functional under in vitro growth conditions. Finally, a mutation in argH attenuated virulence in a mouse kidney abscess model in comparison to wild type JE2 demonstrating the importance of arginine biosynthesis in vivo via the urea cycle. However, mutations in argB, argF, and putA did not attenuate virulence suggesting both the glutamate and proline pathways are active and they, or their pathway intermediates, can complement each other in vivo.
Formal Peer Mentoring

This study investigated several factors related to protégés' satisfaction with a formal peer mentoring program. These included the extent to which mentoring behaviors met career-related needs and psychosocial needs and the amount of time spent with the mentor. In addition, demographic variables and satisfaction with the present and previous mentoring experience were examined for their relationship to protégés' willingness to mentor others in the future. Results indicated that the degree of career and psychosocial functions served by a mentor were strongly related to protégés' satisfaction with the mentoring relationship. Also, willingness to mentor others in the future was related to protégés' gender and to protégés' satisfaction with their current mentoring experiences. Implications and directions for future research are addressed.
Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea.

A substantial fraction of marine plastic debris originates from land-based sources and rivers potentially act as a major transport pathway for all sizes of plastic debris. We analyzed a global compilation of data on plastic debris in the water column across a wide range of river sizes. Plastic debris loads, both microplastic (particles <5 mm) and macroplastic (particles >5 mm) are positively related to the mismanaged plastic waste (MMPW) generated in the river catchments. This relationship is nonlinear where large rivers with population-rich catchments delivering a disproportionately higher fraction of MMPW into the sea. The 10 top-ranked rivers transport 88-95% of the global load into the sea. Using MMPW as a predictor we calculate the global plastic debris inputs form rivers into the sea to range between 0.41 and 4 × 106 t/y. Due to the limited amount of data high uncertainties were expected and ultimately confirmed. The empirical analysis to quantify plastic loads in rivers can be extended easily by additional potential predictors other than MMPW, for example, hydrological conditions.
UNVEILING THE ORIGIN OF GRB 090709A: LACK OF PERIODICITY IN A REDDENED COSMOLOGICAL LONG-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURST

We present broadband (gamma-ray, X-ray, near-infrared, optical, and radio) observations of the Swift gamma-ray burst (GRB) 090709A and its afterglow in an effort to ascertain the origin of this high-energy transient. Previous analyses suggested that GRB 090709A exhibited quasi-periodic oscillations with a period of 8.06 s, a trait unknown in long-duration GRBs but typical of flares from soft gamma-ray repeaters. When properly accounting for the underlying shape of the power-density spectrum of GRB 090709A, we find no conclusive (>3σ) evidence for the reported periodicity. In conjunction with the location of the transient (far from the Galactic plane and absent any nearby host galaxy in the local universe) and the evidence for extinction in excess of the Galactic value, we consider a magnetar origin relatively unlikely. A long-duration GRB, however, can account for the majority of the observed properties of this source. GRB 090709A is distinguished from other long-duration GRBs primarily by the large amount of obscuration from its host galaxy (AK,obs ≳ 2 mag).
Assessing the Effects of Organizational Culture, Rewards, and Individual Creativity on Technical Workgroup Performance

This study used an experimental approach to investigate the conditions under which creative outcomes should be expected from the interplay of individual creativity, the innovation orientation of the organizational culture, and the rewards distribution rules. The results of this study suggest that the individual creativity of technically educated people working in group settings constitutes a predominant factor in the creative performance of its members and in the overall group creative performance. Moreover, consistent with predictions derived from previous person-environment fit studies, the innovation orientation of the organizational culture enhanced the creative behavior of groups formed by more creative individuals, but it did not significantly increase the creative behavior of groups formed by low-creativity individuals. Finally, rewards distribution rules that generate intra-group competition seem not to directly improve or impair individual creative behavior or the final group creative outcome.
Decreased VLDL-Apo B 100 Fractional Synthesis Rate Despite Hypertriglyceridemia in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy.

CONTEXT Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) often exhibit hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism(s) of such an increase are poorly known. OBJECTIVE We investigated very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-Apo B 100 kinetics in T2DM subjects with and without DN, and in healthy controls. DESIGN Stable isotope (13)C-leucine infusion and modeling analysis of tracer-to-tracee ratio dynamics in the protein product pool in the 6-8-h period following tracer infusion were employed. SETTING Male subjects affected by T2DM, either with (n = 9) or without (n = 5) DN, and healthy male controls (n = 6), were studied under spontaneous glycemic levels in the post-absorptive state. RESULTS In the T2DM patients with DN, plasma triglyceride (TG) (mean ± SD; 2.2 ± 0.8 mmol/L) and VLDL-Apo B 100 (17.4 ± 10.4 mg/dL) concentrations, and VLDL-Apo B 100 pool (0.56 ± 0.29 g), were ∼60-80% greater (P < .05 or less) than those of the T2DM subjects without DN (TG, 1.4 ± 0.5 mmol/L; VLDL-Apo B 100, 9.9 ± 2.5 mg/dL; VLDL-Apo B 100 pool, 0.36 ± 0.09 g), and ∼80-110% greater (P < .04 or less) than those of nondiabetic controls (TG, 1.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L; VLDL-Apo B 100, 8.2 ± 1.7 mg/dL; VLDL-Apo B 100, 0.32 ± 0.09 g). In sharp contrast however, in the subjects with T2DM and DN, VLDL-Apo B 100 fractional synthesis rate was ≥50% lower (4.8 ± 2.2 pools/d) than that of either the T2DM subjects without DN (9.9 ± 4.3 pools/d; P < .025) or the control subjects (12.5 ± 9.1 pools/d; P < .04). CONCLUSIONS The hypertriglyceridemia of T2DM patients with DN is not due to hepatic VLDL-Apo B 100 overproduction, which is decreased, but it should be attributed to decreased apolipoprotein removal.
Stabilization of moduli by fluxes

In order to fix the moduli, non‐trivial fluxes are an essential input. In this talk I summarize different aspects of compactifications in the presence of fluxes, as there is the relation to generalized Scherk‐Schwarz reductions and gauged supergravity, but also the description of flux‐deformed geometries in terms of G‐structures and intrinsic torsion.
Unraveling the effect of genes and environment in the transmission of parental antisocial behavior to children's conduct disturbance, depression and hyperactivity.

BACKGROUND A critical issue in devising effective interventions for the treatment of children's behavioral and emotional problems identifying genuine family environmental factors that place children at risk. In most twin and family studies, environmental factors are confounded with both direct genetic risk from parents and the indirect effect of genes influencing parents' ability to provide an optimal rearing environment. The present study was undertaken to determine whether parental psychopathology, specifically parental antisocial behavior (ASP), is a genuine environmental risk factor for juvenile conduct disturbance, depression and hyperactivity, or whether the association between parental ASP and children's behavioral and emotional problems can be explained as a secondary consequence of the intergenerational transmission of genetic factors. METHODS An extended children of twins design comprised of data collected on 2,674 adult female and male twins, their spouses, and 2,454 of their children was used to test whether genetic and/or family environmental factors best accounted for the association between parental antisocial behavior and children's behavioral problems. An age-matched sample of 2,826 juvenile twin pairs from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development was also included to examine developmental differences in gene expression by partitioning child-specific transmissible effects from those effects that persist into adulthood. The fit of alternative models was evaluated using the statistical program Mx. RESULTS We found distinct patterns of transmission between parental antisocial behavior and juvenile conduct, depression and hyperactivity. Genetic and family environmental factors accounted for the resemblance between parents' ASP and children's conduct disturbance. Family environmental factors alone explained the association between child depression and parental ASP, and the impact of parental ASP on hyperactivity was entirely genetic. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore differences in the contribution of genetic and environmental factors on the patterns of association between parental antisocial behavior and juvenile psychopathology, having important clinical implications for the prevention and amelioration of child behavioral and emotional problems.
O tratamento da ansiedade por intermédio da acupuntura: um estudo de caso

Anxiety is a phenomenon widely studied in the West by psychology, psychoanalysis and medicine. It is characterized by an unpleasant subjective state of worry, tension and apprehension, in which it is difficult to relax. Although the terminology anxiety is not found in the literature of chinese traditional medicine, the described symptoms are studied widely. Such literature considers that pathology metaphorically as a discord of the spirit and presents a series of possibilities of interventions for traditional techniques as the acupuncture. The objective of this article was the treatment accomplished through acupuncture to a patient that presented anxiety disorder. After the confirmation of the diagnosis 10 sessions of chinese traditional acupuncture were accomplished, using as theoretical reference the classic literature of chinese medicine. The results were the partial suppression of the symptoms starting from the fourth session and a total recovery of the patient by the disappearance of all of the symptoms starting from the sixth treatment session.
Effect of Naturally Acidic Agents on Microhardness and Surface Micromorphology of Restorative Materials

Objectives: This study investigated the titratable acidity and erosive potential of acidic agents on the microhardness and surface micromorphology of four restorative materials. Methods: Forty-seven discs of each restorative material; metal-reinforced glass ionomer cement (Ketac-S), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC), resin composite (Filtek Z250) and amalgam (Valiant-Ph.D.), 12 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in thickness, were divided into four groups (5 discs/group). Specimens were then immersed for 7 days into four storage media; deionized water (control), citrate buffer solution, green mango juice and pineapple juice. Microhardness testing before and after immersions was performed. Micromorphological changes were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical significance among each group was analyzed using two-way repeated ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Results: The Fuji II LC and the Ketac-S showed the highest reduction in microhardness (P<.05). The Valiant-Ph.D. and the Filtek Z250 showed some minor changes over the period of 7 days. The mango juice produced the greatest degradation effect (P<.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that for restorations in patients who have tooth surface loss, materials selected should be considered. In terms of materials evaluated, amalgam and resin composite are the most suitable for restorations.
Aspects of semantic opposition in English

Part 1 "Antonymy" - scope and delimitations: some remarks on the state of the art semantic opposition - two "againsts" adversivity, oppositeness of meaning and contrast. Part 2 Contrast: opposites in context - basic assumptions opposites in context - corpus. Part 3 Semantic oppostion - systemic versus non-systemic: systemic semantic opposition non-systemic opposition. Part 4 Oppositeness of meaning - basic assumptions: central oppositeness of meaning. Part 5 Central oppositeness of meaning - analyses: digital opposites scalar opposites. Part 6 Central oppositeness of meaning - some further issues: oppositeness of meaning versus negation the problem of markedness some remaining problems. Appendices: opposites in context - index of sources the "Roget's Thesaurus" corpus.
Unmet need for family planning in Ghana: Trends and determinants

Despite the fall in fertility, unmet need for family planning in Ghana has declined only modestly from 50 percent in 1988 to 42 percent in 2008. The relative contribution to unmet need of lack of access to methods has diminished but attitudinal resistance has grown. In 2008, 45 percent of women with unmet need had no apparent problems of access or attitude, a third had access but an unfavourable attitude and 23 percent had no access. The mention of health concerns as a reason for non-use has increased substantially since 1988 and is now the dominant reason. In recent surveys, the second most commonly mentioned reason was infrequent sex. An enduring resistance to hormonal methods, much of it based on experience of side effects during prior episodes of use, may lead many Ghanaian women, particularly in urban areas, to use periodic abstinence or reduced coital frequency as an alternative means of reducing pregnancy-risk. 3 INTRODUCTION The prime objective of family planning programmes is to reduce unmet need for contraception,
SQ109 and PNU-100480 interact to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro.

OBJECTIVES To investigate in vitro interaction between two compounds, SQ109 and PNU-100480, currently in development for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). METHODS The two-drug interactions between SQ109 and PNU-100480 and its major metabolite PNU-101603 were assessed by chequerboard titration, and the rate of killing and intracellular activity were determined in both J774A.1 mouse macrophages and whole blood culture. RESULTS In chequerboard titration, interactions between SQ109 and either oxazolidinone were additive. In time-kill studies, SQ109 killed MTB faster than PNU compounds, and its rate of killing was further enhanced by both oxazolidinones. The order of efficacy of single compounds against intracellular MTB was SQ109 > PNU-100480 > PNU-101603. At sub-MIC, combinations of SQ109 + PNU compounds showed improved intracellular activity over individual drugs; at ≥MIC, the order of efficacy was SQ109 > SQ109 + PNU-100480 > SQ109 + PNU-101603. In whole blood culture, the combined bactericidal activities of SQ109 and PNU-100480 and its major metabolite against intracellular M. tuberculosis did not differ significantly from the sum of the compounds tested individually. CONCLUSIONS SQ109 and PNU combinations were additive and improved the rate of MTB killing over individual drugs. These data suggest that the drugs may work together cooperatively to eliminate MTB in vivo.