Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Issues and Clinical Evidence in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer

With the advance in personalized therapeutic strategies in patients with breast cancer, there is an increasing need for biomarker-guided therapy. Although the immunogenicity of breast cancer has not been strongly considered in research or practice, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are emerging as biomarkers mediating tumor response to treatments. Earlier studies have provided evidence that the level of TILs has prognostic value and the potential for predictive value, particularly in triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer. Moreover, the level of TILs has been associated with treatment outcome in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To date, no standardized methodology for measuring TILs has been established. In this article, we review current issues and clinical evidence for the use of TILs in breast cancer.
Computer-aided Lenke Classification of Scoliotic Spines

—The identiﬁcation and classiﬁcation of the spine de- formity play an important role when considering surgical planning for adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis. The subject of this article is the Lenke classiﬁcation of scoliotic spines using Cobb angle measurements. The purpose is two-fold: (1) design a rule- based diagram to assist clinicians in the classiﬁcation process and (2) investigate a computer classiﬁer which improves the classiﬁcation time and accuracy. The rule-based diagram efﬁciency was evaluated in a series of scoliotic classiﬁcations by 10 clinicians. The computer classiﬁer was tested on a radiographic measurement database of 603 patients. Classiﬁcation accuracy was 93% using the rule-based diagram and 99% for the computer classiﬁer. Both the computer classiﬁer and the rule based diagram can efﬁciently assist clinicians in their Lenke classiﬁcation of spine scoliosis.
PCR and direct fluorescent-antibody staining confirm Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in swabs and urine below the detection threshold of Chlamydiazyme enzyme immunoassay

In order to test the hypothesis that specimens blocking with a neutralizing reagent below the cutoff of the Chlamydiazyme enzyme immunoassay represent infected patients, we used direct fluorescent-antibody staining for elementary bodies (EBs) and PCR to confirm results for cervical swabs collected from 55,963 women and urethral swabs or first-void urine (FVU) samples collected from 5,781 men attending physicians' offices in the Toronto, Canada, area. Within a grey zone arbitrarily selected to represent values up to 40% below the positive threshold of the test run, 134 cervical swabs, 44 urethral swabs, and 39 FVU specimens exhibited a blocking response ( > 50% reduction in signal). Three or more EBs were observed in each of 98 cervical swabs (73.1%), 38 urethral swabs (86.4%), and 21 FVU specimens (53.8%). Of the 36 cervical swabs with fewer than three EBs, 33 were PCR positive; the positive PCR results for male specimens were 6 of 6 urethral swabs and 17 of 18 FVU samples. Application of the blocking test to specimens negative in the Chlamydiazyme enzyme immunoassay but having optical densities within 40% of the cutoff added 14.2% (217 of 1,531 specimens) more positive results to the survey. A total of 213 of 217 samples (98.2%) were reconfirmed as having EBs or DNA.
Evolutionary Pinning Control and Its Application in UAV Coordination

Maximizing the controllability of complex networks by selecting appropriate nodes and designing suitable control gains is an effective way to control distributed complex networks. In this paper, some novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) approaches are developed to enhance the controllability of distributed networks. The proposed PSO algorithm is combined with a global search scheme and a modified simulated binary crossover (MSBX). In addition, the node importance-based method is introduced to study the controllability of distributed complex networks. A set of experiments show that the PSO with the global search and the MSBX (PSO-GSBX) can outperform some well-known evolutionary algorithms and pinning schemes. Following the PSO-GSBX approach, some interesting findings about pinned nodes, coupling strengths and the eigenvalues for enhancing the controllability of distributed networks are revealed. The obtained results and methods are applied in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) coordination to show their effectiveness. These findings will help to understand controllability of complex networks and can be applied in control science and industrial system.
Towards a framework to support large scale sampling in software engineering surveys

Context: The low quality and small size of samples in empirical studies in software engineering hamper the interpretation and generalization of their results. Therefore, enlarging sample sizes and improving their quality represent an important research challenge. Goal: We aim to define a conceptual framework, including requirements for establishing adequate sources for sampling subjects in software engineering surveys. Method: We use previous experience on applying systematic sampling strategies combined with contemporary web technologies in previously executed surveys, to organize the conceptual framework. We analyze its application to different sources of sampling. Results: The framework was observed to be feasible after its application to nine different large-scale sources of sampling. Conclusions: The analyzed crowdsourcing tools do not support essential requirements to be considered sources of sampling, while free-lancing tools and professional social network do.
Hospital and community fluoroquinolone use and resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in 17 US hospitals.

BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones are widely prescribed in hospitals and the community. Previous studies have shown associations between fluoroquinolone use and isolation of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We performed an ecologic-level study to determine whether variability in hospital percentages of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and MRSA were associated with fluoroquinolone use in hospitals and their surrounding communities. METHODS We measured fluoroquinolone use in 17 US hospitals and their surrounding communities in the year 2000. Data on fluoroquinolone use in hospitals was electronically extracted from billing data. Data on fluoroquinolone use in communities was obtained from IMS health data for all prescriptions filled in pharmacies within a 16-km radius of each hospital. We used hospital antibiograms to determine the percentage of isolates that were fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and MRSA, and we performed linear regression to determine the relationship between percentage of resistant isolates and fluoroquinolone use in hospitals and their surrounding communities. RESULTS There was a significant association between total fluoroquinolone use within hospitals and percentage of S. aureus isolates that were MRSA (r=0.77; P=.0003) and between total fluoroquinolone use in the community and percentage of E. coli isolates that were fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli (r=0.68; P=.003). Population density within the 16-km radius also correlated with MRSA percentage (r=0.57; P=.015) and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli percentage (r=0.85; P=.002), but associations between total fluoroquinolone use and resistance remained significant after adjustment for population density. CONCLUSIONS In this ecologic analysis, we found associations between fluoroquinolone use in hospitals and methicillin resistance in S. aureus and between fluoroquinolone use in communities and fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli in hospitals. Antimicrobial use in hospitals and communities may have different relative importance with regard to resistance in different pathogens encountered in hospitals.
Adolescent health in the Caribbean: risk and protective factors.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify, among youths, factors associated with characteristics such as poor health status, substance use, and suicide risk and to explore the extent to which the risk and protective factors identified cut across health-compromising behaviors. METHODS A survey was administered to representative samples of young people from 9 Caribbean countries. RESULTS Physical/sexual abuse and having a friend or relative who had attempted suicide were associated with an increased prevalence of health-compromising behaviors. Connectedness with parents and school and attendance at religious services were associated with fewer health risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS When the identified risk and protective factors were compared with those seen among young people in the United States, similarities as well as important differences were found.
Manga content extraction method for automatic mobile comic content creation

Creating a digital Manga comic for mobile devices is chalenging because of the limitation of device's screen size and time consuming of the process. In this paper, we proposed an efficient method for automatically creating mobile content of digital Manga comic from scanned of printed digital comic by extracting comic frame, comic balloon and Japanese character within a Manga comic then recompose it a new mobile content using ComicXML to store comic frame content information. Experimental results on Manga content extraction have 81.6% accuracy of non-flat comic page frame extraction, 100% accuracy of comic balloon detection, and about 93.75% accuracy of Japanese character text extraction.
Comparing Utilitarian and Hedonic Usefulness to User Intention in Multipurpose Information Systems

This research studies the differences between productivity-oriented (or utilitarian) and entertainment-oriented (or hedonic) usefulness for a multipurpose information system in user acceptance models, as information systems can be high or low in both hedonic and utilitarian attributes. Accordingly, perceived usefulness (PU) is divided into perceived utilitarian usefulness (PUU) and perceived hedonic usefulness (PHU) to provide a better understanding of users' intention for accepting IT. To test the proposed model more effectively, this research targets instant messaging (IM), which is an extremely popular and increasingly important communication system, both utilitarian and hedonic in nature. This research compares the difference across two groups: students for hedonic purpose and employees for utilitarian purpose. We conclude that the proposed model, which distinguishes between utilitarian and hedonic usefulness, is more effective than previous models in which the usefulness was not distinguished. Both PUU and PHU have an effect on intention to use. Employees consider PUU more important in their intention to use IM, while students are more influenced by PHU.
La evolución de la transformación pasiva en castellano: génesis de una situación de modificación morfo-sintáctica

Se trata de una investigacion donde se busca confrontar los aspectos semanticos y morfo-sintacticos del lenguaje. La intencion esta centrada en averiguar cual de estos componentes domina en la conciencia que el sujeto tiene de su propio lenguaje. Para ello se ha utilizado como tecnica experimental la transformacion de una serie de frases de distintas complejidades activas en sus correspondientes pasivas. Se ha realizado con escolares de cuatro a ocho anos cronologicos y los resultados demuestran como el aspecto semantico, si la frase resulta incorrecta, hace al nino modificar y, por tanto, concienciar ciertos usos mecanicos de la morfo-sintaxis, y a la vez utilizar mejores recursos morfo-sintacticos (construcciones mas adecuadas) cuando el significado es confuso
Increased supraspinatus tendon thickness following fatigue loading in rotator cuff tendinopathy: potential implications for exercise therapy

Background/aim Exercise imparts a load on tendon tissue that leads to changes in tendon properties. Studies suggest that loading immediately reduces tendon thickness, with a loss of this response in symptomatic tendinopathy. No studies investigating the response of tendon dimensions to load for the rotator cuff tendons exist. This study aimed to examine the short-term effect of loading on the thickness of the supraspinatus tendon and acromiohumeral distance those with and without rotator cuff tendinopathy. Methods Participants were 20 painfree controls, and 23 people with painful rotator cuff tendinopathy. Supraspinatus tendon thickness and acromiohumeral distance were measured using ultrasound scans before, and at three time points after loading (1, 6 and 24 hours). Loading involved isokinetic eccentric and concentric external rotation and abduction. Results There was a significant increase in supraspinatus tendon thickness in the pain group at 1 (7%, ∆=0.38, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.57) and 6 hours (11%, ∆=0.53, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.71), although only the 6 hours difference exceeded minimal detectable difference. In contrast, there was a small non-significant reduction in thickness in controls. The acromiohumeral distance reduced significantly in both groups at 1 hour (controls: ∆=0.64, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.90; pain: ∆=1.1, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.33), with a larger change from baseline in the pain group. Conclusion Those diagnosed with painful supraspinatus tendinopathy demonstrated increased thickening with delayed return to baseline following loading. Rehabilitation professionals may need to take into account the impact of loading to fatigue when planning rehabilitation programmes.
By Carrot or by Stick: Cognitive Reinforcement Learning in Parkinsonism

To what extent do we learn from the positive versus negative outcomes of our decisions? The neuromodulator dopamine plays a key role in these reinforcement learning processes. Patients with Parkinson's disease, who have depleted dopamine in the basal ganglia, are impaired in tasks that require learning from trial and error. Here, we show, using two cognitive procedural learning tasks, that Parkinson's patients off medication are better at learning to avoid choices that lead to negative outcomes than they are at learning from positive outcomes. Dopamine medication reverses this bias, making patients more sensitive to positive than negative outcomes. This pattern was predicted by our biologically based computational model of basal ganglia–dopamine interactions in cognition, which has separate pathways for “Go” and “NoGo” responses that are differentially modulated by positive and negative reinforcement.
The surface lamina of the articular cartilage of human zygapophyseal joints

Literature referring to the conflicting results of investigations into the possible existence and composition of the lamina splendens is reviewed. Two hundred micrometer thick histological sections from 80 human cadaveric lower lumbar zygapophyseal joint articular cartilages were examined by ordinary light and darkfield microscopy. The findings illustrate what appears to be an acellular surface lamina on the opposing cartilaginous surfaces. No speculation is made regarding the possible physiological significance of the lamina based on this anatomical study. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why is Differential Evolution Better than Grid Search for Tuning Defect Predictors?

Context: One of the black arts of data mining is learning the magic parameters which control the learners. In software analytics, at least for defect prediction, several methods, like grid search and differential evolution (DE), have been proposed to learn these parameters, which has been proved to be able to improve the performance scores of learners. Objective: We want to evaluate which method can find better parameters in terms of performance score and runtime cost. Methods: This paper compares grid search to differential evolution, which is an evolutionary algorithm that makes extensive use of stochastic jumps around the search space. Results: We find that the seemingly complete approach of grid search does no better, and sometimes worse, than the stochastic search. When repeated 20 times to check for conclusion validity, DE was over 210 times faster than grid search to tune Random Forests on 17 testing data sets with F-Measure Conclusions: These results are puzzling: why does a quick partial search be just as effective as a much slower, and much more, extensive search? To answer that question, we turned to the theoretical optimization literature. Bergstra and Bengio conjecture that grid search is not more effective than more randomized searchers if the underlying search space is inherently low dimensional. This is significant since recent results show that defect prediction exhibits very low intrinsic dimensionality-- an observation that explains why a fast method like DE may work as well as a seemingly more thorough grid search. This suggests, as a future research direction, that it might be possible to peek at data sets before doing any optimization in order to match the optimization algorithm to the problem at hand.
Behavioral responses of Atlantic cod to sea temperature changes

Understanding responses of marine species to temperature variability is essential to predict impacts of future climate change in the oceans. Most ectotherms are expected to adjust their behavior to avoid extreme temperatures and minimize acute changes in body temperature. However, measuring such behavioral plasticity in the wild is challenging. Combining 4 years of telemetry-derived behavioral data on juvenile and adult (30–80 cm) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and in situ ocean temperature measurements, we found a significant effect of sea temperature on cod depth use and activity level in coastal Skagerrak. During summer, cod were found in deeper waters when sea surface temperature increased. Further, this effect of temperature was stronger on larger cod. Diel vertical migration, which consists in a nighttime rise to shallow feeding habitats, was stronger among smaller cod. As surface temperature increased beyond ∼15°C, their vertical migration was limited to deeper waters. In addition to larger diel vertical migrations, smaller cod were more active and travelled larger distances compared to larger specimens. Cold temperatures during winter tended, however, to reduce the magnitude of diel vertical migrations, as well as the activity level and distance moved by those smaller individuals. Our findings suggest that future and ongoing rises in sea surface temperature may increasingly deprive cod in this region from shallow feeding areas during summer, which may be detrimental for local populations of the species.
Determination of Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals (Pb, Hg, Cd) in Popular Medicinal Herbs in the Coal Power Plant Area

Medicinal and aromatic plants are of particular interest for human health. The purpose of this research is to determine the concentration and dispersion of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, in medicinal herbs Chelidonium majus L, Crataegus monogyna, Artemisia absinthium L, Hypericum perforatum, from spontaneous flora bordering coal power plants. The method used (AAS) is recommended by high performance parameters in the determination of trace metals in plant samples. Detection Limit (mg.L -1 ): Pb (0.10), Hg (0.0002 ), Cd (0.005); sensitivity (mg.L -1 ): Pb (0.5), Cd (0.025). The metals detected in the coal used as fuel are found in all samples analyzed: ash, slag, soil, vegetation, medicinal plants of spontaneous flora. The concentration in the soil exceeds national normal value for Pb: 55.10 mg. Kg -1 . The metal bioaccumulation in medicinal plants is reflected in the values of transfer coefficient (TF): Cd (0.47)> Hg (0.15) > Pb (0.13). The concentration level related to the maximum extent permitted under the force rules for herbs: FAO / WHO (2011), Ph Eur (2008), RC / EC (2006) have been exceeded for lead in Hypericum perforatum (7.21 mg. Kg-1), Artemisia absinthium (5.37 mg. Kg-1). The trophic transfer of toxic heavy metals in plants used as medicines may represent a potential health hazard to consumers, fact which imposes the need for a systematic control.
In-Body to On-Body Ultrawideband Propagation Model Derived From Measurements in Living Animals

Ultrawideband (UWB) radio technology for wireless implants has gained significant attention. UWB enables the fabrication of faster and smaller transceivers with ultralow power consumption, which may be integrated into more sophisticated implantable biomedical sensors and actuators. Nevertheless, the large path loss suffered by UWB signals propagating through inhomogeneous layers of biological tissues is a major hindering factor. For the optimal design of implantable transceivers, the accurate characterization of the UWB radio propagation in living biological tissues is indispensable. Channel measurements in phantoms and numerical simulations with digital anatomical models provide good initial insight into the expected path loss in complex propagation media like the human body, but they often fail to capture the effects of blood circulation, respiration, and temperature gradients of a living subject. Therefore, we performed UWB channel measurements within 1-6 GHz on two living porcine subjects because of the anatomical resemblance with an average human torso. We present for the first time, a path loss model derived from these in vivo measurements, which includes the frequency-dependent attenuation. The use of multiple on-body receiving antennas to combat the high propagation losses in implant radio channels was also investigated.
A FOFE-based Local Detection Approach for Named Entity Recognition and Mention Detection

In this paper, we study a novel approach for named entity recognition (NER) and mention detection in natural language processing. Instead of treating NER as a sequence labelling problem, we propose a new local detection approach, which rely on the recent fixed-size ordinally forgetting encoding (FOFE) method to fully encode each sentence fragment and its left/right contexts into a fixed-size representation. Afterwards, a simple feedforward neural network is used to reject or predict entity label for each individual fragment. The proposed method has been evaluated in several popular NER and mention detection tasks, including the CoNLL 2003 NER task and TAC-KBP2015 and TAC-KBP2016 Tri-lingual Entity Discovery and Linking (EDL) tasks. Our methods have yielded pretty strong performance in all of these examined tasks. This local detection approach has shown many advantages over the traditional sequence labelling methods.
Gromov-Wasserstein Averaging of Kernel and Distance Matrices

This paper presents a new technique for computing the barycenter of a set of distance or kernel matrices. These matrices, which define the interrelationships between points sampled from individual domains, are not required to have the same size or to be in row-by-row correspondence. We compare these matrices using the softassign criterion, which measures the minimum distortion induced by a probabilistic map from the rows of one similarity matrix to the rows of another; this criterion amounts to a regularized version of the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance between metric-measure spaces. The barycenter is then defined as a Frechet mean of the input matrices with respect to this criterion, minimizing a weighted sum of softassign values. We provide a fast iterative algorithm for the resulting nonconvex optimization problem, built upon state-of-the-art tools for regularized optimal transportation. We demonstrate its application to the computation of shape barycenters and to the prediction of energy levels from molecular configurations in quantum chemistry.