Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Learning in Primary Mathematics Education: Effects of an Experimental Program in Modelling

In most strategy research the focus is on ready-made models provided by the teacher or textbook. However, in this research project the effects are described of an experimental program in primary math education, concerning the construction and use of models by pupils in guided co-construction. This field experiment with an experimental group and a control group involved 238 grade-5 pupils. In a series of experimental lessons, pupils were taught to design models as a tool in the learning of percentages. The results of the experimental program were compared with the outcomes of a program in the control group, based on the teachers' strategy of “directly providing models” to the pupils. The conclusion, then, is that children in the experimental condition significantly outperform children in the control condition.
Gender differences in pay among recent graduates: private sector employees in Ireland

In this paper we seek to investigate the role of different factors in accounting for the differences in earnings among recent graduates working in the private sector in Ireland. Three years after graduation there is a pay gap of 8 per cent in hourly wages between male and female graduates in the private sector and a 4 per cent non-significant gap in the public sector. Our analyses suggest that there are four main factors behind the pay gap in the private sector: first, differential returns to educational capital for male and female graduates; second, differential returns to employment experience for male and female graduates; third, gender differences in field of study, and differences in the rewards attached to these fields; fourth, working in a female-dominated workplace, which has a negative influence on earnings for both men and women but predominantly affects women.
Commentary - Taking qualitative methods a (radical) step forward?

The meaning, the use and the justification of qualitative methods are embedded in their differentiation from the epistemological assumptions and taken for granted meanings underlying quantitative methods. Unfortunately, however, this differentiation is often treated as if it represents a dichotomy of two kinds of methods, each having different aims, purposes, and procedures, between which one can choose, depending on the particulars of a given research project. This misunderstanding creates various problems that could be avoided. Doing quantitative research, which is a realist, individualistic perspective, clearly implies a research domain which is not one in which subjectivity and interpretive processes and therefore qualitative methods make sense at all, and of course vice versa. What is error in the quantitative perspective (e.g., subjectivity) is the fundamental research domain of the other perspective. In this sense then it has to be understood that doing quantitative research is dealing with a very different‚ “world” of insight and understanding than is the case for those that do qualitative research. Furthermore it has to be remembered that depending on what version of the world one is in the process of researching, certain social actions (including methods) make sense, whereas other possibilities of social actions appear illogical and wrought with error. For instance, within an experimental approach it is unthinkable to have the subjects act as co-researchers, as reflective practitioners in the process of measurement and observations, who could look at the issue under study and its social significance from the very different perspective of the person affected and his or her construction of their social relationships within the study. On the other hand, such action possibilities can make a lot of sense within the perspective of qualitative research approaches. It is interesting in this connection to question, in retrospect, how much of the ensuing debate and research efforts could have gone in very different directions
Urine Metabolite Analysis Offers Potential Early Diagnosis of Ovarian and Breast Cancers

Purpose: Metabolomics is a new, rapidly expanding field dedicated to the global study of metabolites in biological systems. In this article metabolomics is applied to find urinary biomarkers for breast and ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: Urine samples were collected from early- and late-stage breast and ovarian cancer patients during presurgical examinations and randomly from females with no known cancer. After quantitatively measuring a set of metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to determine significant differences. Results: Metabolic phenotypes of breast and ovarian cancers in comparison with normal urine and with each other revealed significance at Bonferroni-corrected significance levels resulting in unique metabolite patterns for breast and ovarian cancer. Intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and metabolites relating to energy metabolism, amino acids, and gut microbial metabolism were perturbed. Conclusions: The results presented here illustrate that urinary metabolomics may be useful for detecting early-stage breast and ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5835–41. ©2010 AACR.
Audience Attributes, Media Supplementation, and Likely Online Service Adoption

Despite the explosive potential for revenue growth on the Internet, research suggests that the advertising industry remains perplexed about how to reach consumers in this new medium. Drawing from several bodies of literature including diffusion, motivation, and media substitution theories, this study explores potential predictors for online service adoption. Findings indicate that the cognitive and affective gratification-seeking factors were the strongest predictors of likely online service adoption. By contrast, whereas adopter attributes were moderate predictors, the existing adoption cluster and media use attributes were both weak predictors of likely online service adoption.
The Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Mixed with Chlorhexidine as Direct Pulp Capping Agent in Dogs Teeth: A Histologic Study

Introduction: The aim of the present investigation was to compare the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) mixture to pure MTA, as a pulp capping material. Methods and Materials: The pulp of 24 lateral incisors and canines from four dogs were exposed and capped either with MTA or MTA+0.2% CHX. After 2 months the animals were sacrificed and the teeth were prepared for histological evaluation in terms of calcified bridge formation, the degree of inflammation and presence of necrosis. The Fisher’s exact test was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that formation of complete calcified bridge in MTA specimens was significantly more than MTA+CHX (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the degree of inflammation and necrosis between MTA and MTA+CHX groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Mixing MTA with CHX as pulp capping agent had a significant negative impact on formation of calcified bridge on directly capped dog’s teeth.
Reconstruction of sparse signals from highly corrupted measurements by nonconvex minimization

We propose a method for signal recovery in compressed sensing when measurements can be highly corrupted. It is based on ℓ<sub>p</sub> minimization for 0 <; p ≤ 1. Since it was shown that ℓ<sub>p</sub> minimization performs better than ℓ<sub>1</sub> minimization when there are no large errors, the proposed approach is a natural extension to compressed sensing with corruptions. We provide a theoretical justification of this idea, based on analogous reasoning as in the case when measurements are not corrupted by large errors. Better performance of the proposed approach compared to ℓ<sub>1</sub> minimization is illustrated in numerical experiments.
The oil boom in Equatorial Guinea

In less than a decade, Equatorial Guinea has transformed itself from an African backwater into one of the world’s fastest growing economies and a sought-after political partner in the Gulf of Guinea. The sole reason for this transformation has been the discovery of oil and gas. This article outlines the rise of Equatorial Guinea as one of Africa’s leading oilproducing countries and investigates the political, economic and social effects of becoming a petro-state. The article is based on the author’s field research in Equatorial Guinea in the autumn of 2003 and interviews with senior oil company staff, government officials and staff of international organizations as well as secondary sources. This research demonstrates how reliance on oil and gas exports can lead to profound changes in a country’s political economy.
Local Item Dependence for Items Across Tests Connected by Common Stimuli

A parallel design, in which items across different scales within an instrument share common stimuli and subjects respond to the common stimulus for each scale, is sometimes used in questionnaires or inventories. Because the items across scales share the same stimuli, the assumption of local item independence may not hold, thereby violating the assumption of local item independence under standard psychometric models. In this study, the authors describe a multidimensional item response model to detect specific forms of local item dependence. Three real data sets were analyzed to illustrate implications and applications of the proposed method.
Student motivations, quality and status in adult higher education (AHE) in China

This article examines an important and yet neglected aspect of the relationship between higher education and the labour market in contemporary China. It does this through a detailed case study of student motivations, quality and status in adult higher education (AHE) in the city of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. This is a region which has seen major economic and social changes as China makes the transition from a centrally planned to a market‐oriented economy. The case study is placed in that context. Using the theoretical perspective of human capital theory, the article examines the role of education in labour markets. It then considers the relevance of lifelong learning to the research and provides an account of the methodological approach used in the study. The findings of the research are then presented according to the key research questions. These are that the utilitarianism which exists in AHE provision and demand in China has had an impact upon the quality of provision and learning in this sector. This will definitely not help to develop a lifelong‐learning‐based society and promote citizens’ all‐round development as suggested by government regulations on lifelong learning.
Planning under uncertainty as GOLOG programs

A number of logical languages have been proposed to represent the dynamics of the world. Among these languages, the Situation Calculus (McCarthy and Hayes 1969) has gained great popularity. The GOLOG programming language (Levesque et al. 1997, Giacomo et al. 2000) has been proposed as a high-level agent programming language whose semantics is based on the Situation Calculus. For efficiency reasons, high-level agent programming privileges programs over plans; therefore, GOLOG programs do not consider planning. This article presents algorithms that generate conditional GOLOG programs in a Situation Calculus extended with uncertainty of the effects of actions and complete observability of the world. Planning for contingencies is accomplished through two kinds of plan refinement techniques. The refinement process successively increments the probability of achievement of candidate plans. Plans with loops are generated under certain conditions.
Preserved and Impaired Detection of Structure From Motion by a 'Motion-blind" Patient

Following bilateral extrastriate damage to areas that include the suspected human homologue of V5/MT, the patient LM has a specific deficit in processing moving stimuli. She has difficulty detecting the movement or coding the velocity of single moving dots. Nevertheless, we find that she can report human actions in Johansson “biological motion ”; displays. This requires the accurate coding of the direction and velocity of many moving dots. The implication is that structure can be extracted from motion in regions of visual cortex other than those traditionally associated with motion processing. However, she cannot report the spatial disposition of the actors whose actions she has recognized, not their movement in depth relative to her. A possible interpretation is that coding in these additional regions is primarily object-centred. Adding a small number of random stationary “noise” dots to the display prevents her from identifying the actions, suggesting that segregation by motion is implemented within the.
Treatment non‐negotiables: why we need them and how to make them work

In this paper, we define mandatory treatment components as ‘treatment non-negotiables’ and suggest that the manner in which non-negotiables are set and implemented has a significant impact on therapeutic alliance and outcome in the eating disorders. Common non-negotiable difficulties are reviewed and a philosophy is provided that can be applied to all stages of treatment: non-negotiables need to have a sound rationale, be consistently implemented, not take the client by surprise, and maximize client autonomy. We do not believe that a given non-negotiable is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’, but rather that treatment non-negotiables are optimally developed in response to the client population, treatment setting, clinician values and beliefs about change, and client and clinician input and experience. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
PRL-3 disrupts epithelial architecture by altering the post-mitotic midbody position

ABSTRACT Disruption of epithelial architecture is a fundamental event during epithelial tumorigenesis. We show that the expression of the cancer-promoting phosphatase PRL-3 (PTP4A3), which is overexpressed in several epithelial cancers, in polarized epithelial MDCK and Caco2 cells leads to invasion and the formation of multiple ectopic, fully polarized lumens in cysts. Both processes disrupt epithelial architecture and are hallmarks of cancer. The pathological relevance of these findings is supported by the knockdown of endogenous PRL-3 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells grown in three-dimensional branched structures, showing the rescue from multiple-lumen- to single-lumen-containing branch ends. Mechanistically, it has been previously shown that ectopic lumens can arise from midbodies that have been mislocalized through the loss of mitotic spindle orientation or through the loss of asymmetric abscission. Here, we show that PRL-3 triggers ectopic lumen formation through midbody mispositioning without altering the spindle orientation or asymmetric abscission, instead, PRL-3 accelerates cytokinesis, suggesting that this process is an alternative new mechanism for ectopic lumen formation in MDCK cysts. The disruption of epithelial architecture by PRL-3 revealed here is a newly recognized mechanism for PRL-3-promoted cancer progression. Summary: The cancer-promoting phosphatase PRL-3 triggers ectopic lumen formation through midbody mispositioning by accelerating cytokinesis, suggesting a new oncogenic mechanism.
Early Writing Deficits in Preschoolers With Oral Language Difficulties

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preschool children with language impairments (LI), a group with documented reading difficulties, also experience writing difficulties. In addition, a purpose was to examine if the writing outcomes differed when children had concomitant cognitive deficits in addition to oral language problems. A group of 293 preschool children were administered an assessment battery that included measures to examine oral language, nonverbal cognition, emergent reading, and writing. Children were divided into four groups based on their language and cognitive performance. The findings from this study show that as early as preschool, children with weaker oral language skills lag behind their peers with stronger oral language skills in terms of their writing-related skills. Children with oral language and cognitive deficits performed more poorly than children whose deficits were confined to oral language. A child’s cognitive ability also has an impact on emergent writing skills, but it appears to be moderated by oral language skills. These results are consistent with research documenting links between preschool language and emergent reading in children with a history of LI.
CapsF: Capsule Fusion for Extracting psychiatric stressors for suicide from twitter

Along with factors such as cancer, blood pressure, street accidents and stroke, suicide has been one of Iran main causes of death. One of the main reasons for suicide is psychological stressors. Identifying psychological stressors in an at risk population can help in the early prevention of suicidal and suicidal behaviours. In recent years, the widespread popularity and flow of real time information sharing of social media have allowed for potential early intervention in large scale and even small scale populations. However, some automated approaches to extract psychiatric stressors from Twitter have been presented, but most of this research has been for non Persian languages. This study aims to investigate the techniques of detecting psychological stress related to suicide from Persian tweets using learning based methods. The proposed capsule based approach achieved a binary classification accuracy of 0.83.
2 Assessing the importance of zoonotic waterborne pathogens

Globally, over 1400 pathogenic microorganisms (bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal) are thought to be associated with human illness (Cleaveland et al. 2001) and among these human pathogens, approximately 61% are considered to be of animal origin (Taylor et al. 2001). Only a handful of these zoonotic agents are, however, convincingly and consistently associated with waterborne disease in human populations around the world. While many species of microorganisms associated with disease in humans can also be isolated from animal sources, this does not necessarily mean that human infections result from direct or indirect transmission of the pathogen from
The quality of the toddler's relationship to mother and to father: Related to conflict behavior and the readiness to establish new relationships.

MAIN, MARY, and WESTON, DONNA R. The Quality of the Toddler's Relationship to Mother and to Father: Related to Conflict Behavior and the Readiness to Establish New Relationships. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 932-940. The aims of this study were (1) to test for independence in the quality of the infant's attachment to each parent, (2) to test the concept of security by viewing infants judged secure versus insecure with mother in a situation designed to arouse mild apprehension, (3) to examine the effects of existing infant-parent relationships upon positive social responsiveness to new persons, and (4) to identify characteristics of infants judged unclassifiable within the Ainsworth system. In the first part of the study 61 infants were seen with different parents in the Ainsworth strange situation at 12 and 18 months. Classifications with mother and with father were independent; father as well as mother categories were stable over an 8-month period. 44 infants were additionally seen with mother at 12 months in a play session in which an adult actor attempted to establish a friendly relationship. Conflict behavior occurred in infants judged nonsecure with mother. The relationship to father as well as to mother appeared to affect friendly responsiveness to the adult actor. Infants unclassifiable within the Ainsworth system (12.5%) showed conflict and little positive responsiveness to the adult actor.
Shifting borders: Islamophobia as common ground for building pan-European right-wing unity

ABSTRACT In recent years, Islamophobia has become a useful tool for right-wing parties to mobilize electors in many European nation-states. The general xenophobic campaigns of the 1980s have given way to Islamophobia as a specific expression of racism. It is not only the new incarnations of right-wing populist parties that are making use of Islamophobic populism, but also right-wing extremist parties, whose traditions hark back to fascist or Nazi parties. This development appears unsurprising, as Islamophobia has somehow become a kind of ‘accepted racism’, found not only on the margins of European societies but also at the centre. Another interesting concomitant shift is the attempt by such parties to gain wider acceptance in mainstream societies by distancing themselves from a former antisemitic profile. While the main focus on an exclusive identity politics in the frame of nation-states previously divided the far right and complicated transnational cooperation, a shared Islamophobia has the potential to be a common ground for strengthening the transnational links of right-wing parties. This shift from antisemitism to Islamophobia goes beyond European borders and enables Europe's far right to connect to Israeli parties and the far right in the United States. Hafez's article explores this thesis by analysing the European Alliance for Freedom, a pan-European alliance of far-right members of the European parliament that has brought various formerly antagonistic parties together through a common anti-Muslim programme, and is trying to become a formal European parliamentary fraction in the wake of its victory in the European elections in May 2014.