Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The enhancement of the nutritive value of peas for broiler chickens: an evaluation of micronization and dehulling processes.

The effects of dehulling and micronization (infrared heating) on the nutritive value of three cultivars (Impala, Radley, and Sirius) of peas (Pisum sativum) varying in coat color for broiler chickens were studied. Dehulling increased (P < or = 0.05) protein and starch contents and decreased (P < or = 0.05) fiber content of peas. Also, the concentrations of most amino acids slightly increased (P > or = 0.05). Micronization slightly changed (P > or = 0.05) the chemical composition of peas. Moisture, protein, fiber and phosphorus contents marginally decreased. The concentrations of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, lysine, cystine, threonine, and tyrosine decreased (P < or = 0.05), whereas that of methionine slightly increased (P > or = 0.05). Lysine concentration was decreased by 2.7%. The TMEn and average true AA availability values determined with adult cockerels were improved (P < or = 0.05) by micronization, but the availabilities of lysine were decreased by 11.3, 4.4, and 2.0% for Impala, Radley and Sirius, respectively. The decrease was significant (P < or = 0.05) for Impala and Radley but not significant for Sirius peas. Application of micronization resulted in a significant (P < or = 0.05) improvement in AMEn, apparent protein digestibility (APD), and starch digestibility. The increments ranged from 19.4 to 31.3, 8.5 to 33.6, and 12.2 to 22.3% for AMEn, APD, and starch digestibility, respectively. In contrast, dehulling had little or no effect on AMEn (3.0 and 4.9%), APD (-1.8 and -4.2%) and starch digestibility (2.0 and 1.3%) values of Impala (yellow-seeded) and Radley (green-seeded) peas but significantly (P < or = 0.05) improved the AMEn (24.1%), APD (26.8%), and starch digestibility (12.1%) values of Sirius (brown-seeded) peas. Chick performance was evaluated in a 2-wk trial. Birds fed micronized peas grew faster and had better feed conversion (P < or = 0.05) than birds fed untreated peas and the wheat-soybean control diet. Addition of lysine to the diet containing micronized peas further improved (P > or = 0.05) weight gains and feed conversion of broiler chicks. Dehulling only improved (P < or = 0.05) the performance of birds fed Sirius peas.
Effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and phytase on zinc utilization in broiler chicks.

Studies were conducted with corn-soybean meal diets to evaluate the effects of phytate phosphorus utilization on zinc absorption and retention in broiler chicks. In the first two experiments, zinc-65 was used to determine zinc absorption. Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial with 0 or 5 micrograms/kg dihydroxycholecalciferol and 0 or 40 ppm supplemental zinc. In Experiment 2, 5 micrograms/kg 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] or 750 units/kg phytase or both were added to a diet containing 35 ppm zinc. The diets in Experiment 3 were similar to Experiment 2 except that 600 units/kg phytase was fed. Experiment 4 was similar to Experiment 3 except that dietary phosphorus was decreased by . 15%. There were no treatment effects on body weight in Experiments 1 and 2. Zinc absorption was higher in zinc-deficient birds in Experiment 1, but there were no other effects on zinc-65 absorption or retention. Body weight was increased by 1,25-(OH)2D3 in Experiments 3 and 4 and by phytase in Experiment 4. Phytate phosphorus retention was increased by phytase and 1,25-(OH)2D3 and was increased additively when both sources were fed. Dietary 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased zinc retention at times during Experiments 3 and 4, but this response was inconsistent. Phytase did not affect zinc retention. Phytase plus 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased zinc retention synergistically in Experiment 3. Bone zinc was increased by 1,25-(OH)2D3 and phytase, and there was an additive effect in Experiment 3. Plasma zinc and alkaline phosphatase were not affected. The results suggest that supplemental zinc may be decreased in a corn-soybean meal diet when phytate phosphorus utilization is enhanced.
Basolateral Amygdala to Orbitofrontal Cortex Projections Enable Cue-Triggered Reward Expectations

To make an appropriate decision, one must anticipate potential future rewarding events, even when they are not readily observable. These expectations are generated by using observable information (e.g., stimuli or available actions) to retrieve often quite detailed memories of available rewards. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are two reciprocally connected key nodes in the circuitry supporting such outcome-guided behaviors. But there is much unknown about the contribution of this circuit to decision making, and almost nothing known about the whether any contribution is via direct, monosynaptic projections, or the direction of information transfer. Therefore, here we used designer receptor-mediated inactivation of OFC→BLA or BLA→OFC projections to evaluate their respective contributions to outcome-guided behaviors in rats. Inactivation of BLA terminals in the OFC, but not OFC terminals in the BLA, disrupted the selective motivating influence of cue-triggered reward representations over reward-seeking decisions as assayed by Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer. BLA→OFC projections were also required when a cued reward representation was used to modify Pavlovian conditional goal-approach responses according to the reward's current value. These projections were not necessary when actions were guided by reward expectations generated based on learned action-reward contingencies, or when rewards themselves, rather than stored memories, directed action. These data demonstrate that BLA→OFC projections enable the cue-triggered reward expectations that can motivate the execution of specific action plans and allow adaptive conditional responding. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Deficits anticipating potential future rewarding events are associated with many psychiatric diseases. Presently, we know little about the neural circuits supporting such reward expectation. Here we show that basolateral amygdala to orbitofrontal cortex projections are required for expectations of specific available rewards to influence reward seeking and decision making. The necessity of these projections was limited to situations in which expectations were elicited by reward-predictive cues. These projections therefore facilitate adaptive behavior by enabling the orbitofrontal cortex to use environmental stimuli to generate expectations of potential future rewarding events.
EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL TREATMENTS ON THE QUALITY OF TRADITIONAL CHEESES

I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III LISTE OF TABLES AND FIGURES V INTRODUCTION 1 REVIEWS OF LITERATURES 5 I. CHEESE 5 I.1. Principles of cheese manufacture 7 I.2. Classification of Cheeses 10 II. FRENCH CHEESES 12 III. CHEESE QUALITY 22 III.1. Definition of cheese quality 22 III.2. Assessment of cheese quality 23 III.3. Sensory Analysis of cheese texture 24 III.4. Rheology and Texture of Cheese 25 III.5. Colorimetry measurments 28 III.6. Spectroscopic Techniques 29 III.6. 1. Infrared spectroscopy 33 III.6. 2. Fluorescence spectroscopy 38 IV. FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHEESE QUALITY 43 IV.1. Chemical Composition of Milk 44 IV.2. Cheese-making process 45 IV.2. 1. Thermization and milk Pasteruization 45 IV.2. 2. Standardization of protein-to-fat ratio 47 IV.2. 3. Structure formation via coagulation 48 IV.2. 4. Post-coagulation 49 IV.3. Cheese ripening and maturation 50 IV.4. Effect of cheese composition 51 MATERIALS AND METHODS 52
Bioluminescence Imaging to Track Bacteroides fragilis Inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Mice

Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic, Gram-negative, commensal bacterium of the human gut. It plays an important role in promoting the maturation of the immune system, as well as suppressing abnormal inflammation. Many recent studies have focused on the relationship between B. fragilis and human immunity, and indicate that B. fragilis has many useful probiotic effects. As inhibition of intestinal pathogens is an important characteristic of probiotic strains, this study examined whether B. fragilis could inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Results showed that Vibrio parahaemolyticus was inhibited by B. fragilis in vitro, and that B. fragilis could protect both RAW 264.7 and LoVo cells from damage caused by V. parahaemolyticus. Using in vivo imaging, we constructed a light-emitting V. parahaemolyticus strain and showed that B. fragilis might shorten the colonization time and reduce the number of lux-expressing bacteria in a mouse model. These results provide useful information for developing B. fragilis into a probiotic product, and also indicate that this commensal bacterium might aid in the clinical treatment of gastroenteritis caused by V. parahaemolyticus.
Bottom-up or top-down: unit cost estimation of tuberculosis diagnostic tests in India.

SETTING Of 18 sites that participated in an implementation study of the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay in India, we selected five microscopy centres and two reference laboratories. OBJECTIVE To obtain unit costs of diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB. DESIGN Laboratories were purposely selected to capture regional variations and different laboratory types. Both bottom-up and the top-down methods were used to estimate unit costs. RESULTS At the microscopy centres, mean bottom-up unit costs were respectively US$0.83 (range US$0.60-US$1.10) and US$12.29 (US$11.61-US$12.89) for sputum smear microscopy and Xpert. At the reference laboratories, mean unit costs were US$1.69 for the decontamination procedure, US$9.83 for a solid culture, US$11.06 for a liquid culture, US$29.88 for a drug susceptibility test, and US$18.18 for a line-probe assay. Top-down mean unit cost estimates were higher for all tests, and for sputum smear microscopy and Xpert these increased to respectively US$1.51 and US$13.58. The difference between bottom-up and top-down estimates was greatest for tests performed at the reference laboratories. CONCLUSION These unit costs for TB diagnostics can be used to estimate resource requirements and cost-effectiveness in India, taking into account geographical location, laboratory type and capacity utilisation.
Influence of microbial phytase on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feedstuffs for broilers.

The influence of microbial phytase on the ileal amino acid digestibilities in three cereals (corn, sorghum, and wheat), four oilseed meals (soybean meal, canola meal, cottonseed meal, and sunflower meal) and two cereal by-products (wheat middlings and rice polishings) was determined using 5-wk-old broilers. Supplementation of microbial phytase (1,200 FTU/kg) improved (P < 0.001 to 0.10) the digestibilities of protein and amino acids in all feedstuffs, but the magnitude of response varied depending on the feedstuff and the amino acid considered. Mean digestibility of the 15 amino acids in the feedstuffs without and with phytase were: corn, 78.0 and 80.4%; sorghum, 74.7 and 79.4%; wheat, 77.7 and 84.6%; soybean meal, 82.2 and 85.5%; canola meal, 78.7 and 80.7%; cottonseed meal, 70.8 and 74.2%; sunflower meal, 76.7 and 80.2%; wheat middlings, 70.8 and 73.4%; and rice polishings 62.1 and 66.9%, respectively. When individual amino acids were considered, the increments in digestibility were relatively higher for threonine and valine. This effect was consistent across all feedstuffs. The observed variations in response among feedstuffs were influenced by the inherent protein digestibility, but not by dietary phytic acid concentration. No correlations were determined between the dietary concentrations of phytic acid and phytase responses in terms of protein digestibility (r = 0.20; P > 0.31) and mean amino acid digestibility (r = 0.12; P > 0.51); however a significant negative correlation was observed between inherent protein digestibility and phytase responses in protein digestibility (r = -0.42; P < 0.03). It appears that solubilities of phytate salts and protein, and their influence on the degree of phytate-protein complexing in different feedstuffs, may be more relevant than total phytic acid concentrations. Interestingly, dietary phytic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with inherent protein (r = -0.81; P < 0.001) and mean amino acid (r = -0.85; P < 0.001) digestibilities of the feedstuffs evaluated in this study.
Management of Pharyngocutaneous Fistula With Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy

Background: Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a common complication of laryngopharyngeal surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Beyond the classical management, negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can be an alternative and effective treatment. Clinical Report: Two patients with pT3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of pyriform sinus were subjected to total laryngectomy and pharyngoesophageal reconstruction of a circular (patient 1) and an anterior wall defect (patient 2) with radial forearm free flap and pectoralis major muscle flap, respectively. Both developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula and NPWT was used. A significant decrease of the fistula aperture and exudate was observed after 22 and 21 days of NPWT in patients 1 and 2, respectively. After that standard wound care was instituted and closure of the fistulae was accomplished in 5 and 7 days, respectively. Conclusion: Negative-pressure wound therapy can be an effective treatment for pharyngocutaneous fistula closure, either in the setting of fistulae that persist besides multiple surgical revisions using muscle flaps or as a first-line therapy when fistulae develops.
On Convergence Rate of Leader-Following Consensus of Linear Multi-Agent Systems With Communication Noises

This note further studies the previously proposed consensus protocol for linear multi-agent systems with communication noises. Each agent is allowed to have its own time-varying gain to attenuate the effect of communication noises. Therefore, the common assumption that all agents have the same noise-attenuation gain is not necessary. It has been proved that if all noise-attenuation gains are infinitesimal of the same order, then the mean square leader-following consensus can be reached. Furthermore, the convergence rate of the multi-agent system has been investigated. If the noise-attenuation gains belong to a class of functions which are bounded above and below by t-β (β ∈ (0, 1)) asymptotically, then the second-moment of the relative state between each follower agent and the leader agent is characterized by a function bounded above by t-β asymptotically.
Effects of a Physical Exercise Program (PEP-Aut) on Autistic Children’s Stereotyped Behavior, Metabolic and Physical Activity Profiles, Physical Fitness, and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Study Protocol

Physical exercise has shown positive effects on symptomatology and on the reduction of comorbidities in population with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is still no consensus about the most appropriate exercise intervention model for children with ASD. The physical exercise program for children with autism (PEP-Aut) protocol designed allow us to (i) examine the multivariate associations between ASD symptoms, metabolic profile, physical activity level, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life of children with ASD; (ii) assess the effects of a 40-week exercise program on all these aspects of children with ASD. The impact of the exercise program will be assessed based on the sequence of the two phases. Phase 1 is a 12-week cross-sectional study assessing the symptomatology, metabolic profile, physical fitness and physical activity levels, socioeconomic status profile, and health-related quality of life of participants. This phase is the baseline of the following phase. Phase 2 is a 48-week intervention study with a 40-week intervention with exercise that will take place in a specialized center for children with ASD in the city of Maceió-Alagoas, Brazil. The primary outcomes will be change in the symptomatic profile and the level of physical activity of children. Secondary outcomes will be anthropometric and metabolic profiles, aerobic function, grip strength, socioeconomic status, and health-related quality of life. The study will provide critical information on the efficacy of exercise for children with ASD and help guide design and delivery of future programs.
The Cryogenic Temperature Behavior of Bipolar, MOS, and DTMOS Transistors in Standard CMOS

Both CMOS bandgap voltage references and temperature sensors rely on the temperature behavior of either CMOS substrate BJTs or MOS transistors in weak inversion. Bipolar transistors are generally preferred over MOS transistors because of their lower spread. However, at deep-cryogenic temperatures, the performance of BJTs deteriorates due to a significant reduction in current gain and a substantial increase in the base resistance. On the contrary, MOS devices show more stable performance even down to 4 K, but accurate device characterization for the design of such a circuit is currently missing. We present the characterization and analysis over the temperature range from 4 K to 300 K of both substrate bipolar PNP transistors and MOS transistors in standard and dynamic threshold MOS (DTMOS) configurations implemented in a standard 0.16- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology. These results demonstrate that employing MOS or DTMOS enables the operation of bandgap references and temperature sensors in standard CMOS technologies even at deep-cryogenic temperatures.
The Prevalence, Association, and Clinical Outcomes of Frailty in Maintenance Dialysis Patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical implications of frailty in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and chronic peritoneal dialysis. DESIGN In this prospective study, all of the participants completed the Short Form of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life questionnaire, Korean version, to determine their frailty phenotype. We also obtained blood chemistry and demographic data at enrollment. Data regarding the history of hospitalization and death were collected during the follow-up period. SUBJECTS We recruited 1,658 patients (1,255 maintenance hemodialysis and 403 chronic peritoneal dialysis) from multidialysis units (n = 27). We excluded patients who had been hospitalized in the previous 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hospitalization and survival rate during study period. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 55.2 ± 11.9 years old, and 55.2% were male. Among the participants, 34.8% were rated as frail and 45.7% as prefrail. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant associations of frailty with age, comorbidity, disability, unemployment, higher body mass index, and a lower educational level. During the follow-up period (median 17.1 months), 608 patients (79 not frail, 250 prefrail, and 279 frail) were hospitalized, and 87 patients (10 not frail, 24 prefrail, and 53 frail) died (P < .001). Frailty was associated with hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval: 1.38-2.36) and mortality (hazard ratio, 2.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-5.02). CONCLUSION The frailty phenotype was common even in, prevalent end-stage renal disease patients on dialysis, and was significantly associated with higher rates of hospitalization and mortality.
Jasper: Sensing Gamers' Emotions Using Physiological Sensors

This paper aims to develop a system that evaluates the emotional experience of gamers based on physiological changes. A within-subject experiment with 22 participants has been designed to investigate the effects of difficulty level and social playing mode on player emotions and to examine the correlation between each emotion and the physiological changes. We demonstrate the feasibility of using commodity wearable physiological sensing devices to recognize mobile gamer's emotion. Specifically, our system performs 3-level excitement classification at an accuracy of 77.38% and binary classification of happiness state at an accuracy of 73.21%. These classification results show the potential of using commodity wearable sensing devices as a valuable evaluation tool for game designers to gauge user emotions and develop personalized gaming experience.
Dechlorination of PVC wastes by hydrothermal treatment using alkaline additives

ABSTRACT Some chemicals were usually utilized in the hydrothermal dechlorination (HTD) of chlorine-containing wastes without revealing their roles. This work intends to investigate the role of chemical additives in the HTD of PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Several chemicals, including Na2CO3, KOH, NaOH, NH3·H2O, CaO and NaHCO3, were added into the PVC HTD process, which was conducted in subcritical Ni2+-containing water at 220°C for 30 min. The results show the alkalinity of additives had notable effects on the dechlorination efficiency (DE) of PVC due to the neutralization between HCl and additives. The most effective additive is Na2CO3, with the maximum DE of 65.12% at a Na2CO3 concentration of 0.025 M in this study. According to SEM, the hydrochar obtained from the HTD with Na2CO3 become more porous and looser than the others did, which contributed to the acceleration of PVC dechlorination. The DE vibration with the concentration of additives was different. For Na2CO3, it was firstly increased and then decreased with Na2CO3 concentration increasing from 0.01 to 0.04 M. For KOH and NaOH, it kept reducing with the concentration increasing from 0.02 to 0.08 M. The drop in DE was ascribed to surface poisoning and a loss in the supported active phase resulting from the formation of metal chloride species. FTIR analysis shows that the elimination of hydrogen chloride was the main route for HTD of PVC. All the results provide some fundamental data to find some cheap but efficient chemicals with aim to recycle the chlorinated organic wastes effectively.
Various types of diets, sources of energy, and positive energy balance in the induction of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome.

Adult female chickens were force-fed a corn-soy base diet at 150% of the daily amount consumed by those allowed the same diet ad libitum. Other hens were force-fed diets isocaloric to the 150% group just mentioned, but diet composition was adjusted so that 2/3 of the metabolizable energy (M.E.) came from the corn-soy diet and 1/3 from either corn oil or glucose; or force-fed a low energy diet accounting for 2/3 of the M.E. and corn oil 1/3 of M.E. , or a purified diet accounting for all M.E. Fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was induced in all force-fed groups with only the low energy diet plus corn oil having produced a significantly lower score for FLHS. However, the livers from the hens of the latter group had as much lipid, and the hens gained at least as much weight as those in other force-fed groups. During the third week of the experiment M.E. was determined along with a partition of energy among eggs, basal metabolism, body weight gain, and subsistance plus heat increment (H.I). The data showed that the hens force-fed corn oil had lower H.I. values indicative of associative dynamic action of fats at a plane of nutrition above normal. The data revealed that various types of diets and sources of energy in excess can induce FLHS, and this is discussed in terms of FLHS arising out of a positive energy balance.