Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Origins of Prejudice: The Malintegration of Subei in Late Imperial China

The convention for introducing biography in the Chinese textual tradition is to identify the subject not only by his name but also by his native place. The classic formula used for this purpose is set out in the preface to “The True Story of Ah Q,” in which Lu Xun remarks that “when writing biography, it is the usual practice to begin ‘so-and-so, from such-and-such place’ ” (Lu 1959 [1921]: 93). This formula was adopted in official documents, popular stories, obituaries and tomb epitaphs as well as in formal biographies or biographical notices. There were variations in its form, in which the person was identified as being “native of this place, living in that place” or “originally of this place, now of that place. ” But in any event, a man was, and still is, normally identified by both his personal name and the name of his place of origin, just as a woman was usually identified by the names of her father and her husband. The problem for Lu Xun as fictional biographer was that Ah Q's name was a matter of debate and his place of origin unknown: He floated unmoored through Chinese society.
Calibration of the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer

The Herschel Spectral and Photometric REceiver (SPIRE) instrument consists of an imaging photometric camera and an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), both operating over a frequency range of ∼450–1550 GHz. In this paper, we briefly review the FTS design, operation, and data reduction, and describe in detail the approach taken to relative calibration (removal of instrument signatures) and absolute calibration against standard astronomical sources. The calibration scheme assumes a spatially extended source and uses the Herschel telescope as primary calibrator. Conversion from extended to point-source calibration is carried out using observations of the planet Uranus. The model of the telescope emission is shown to be accurate to within 6 per cent and repeatable to better than 0.06 per cent and, by comparison with models of Mars and Neptune, the Uranus model is shown to be accurate to within 3 per cent. Multiple observations of a number of point-like sources show that the repeatability of the calibration is better than 1 per cent, if the effects of the satellite absolute pointing error (APE) are corrected. The satellite APE leads to a decrement in the derived flux, which can be up to ∼10 per cent (1 σ) at the high-frequency end of the SPIRE range in the first part of the mission, and ∼4 per cent after Herschel operational day 1011. The lower frequency range of the SPIRE band is unaffected by this pointing error due to the larger beam size. Overall, for well-pointed, point-like sources, the absolute flux calibration is better than 6 per cent, and for extended sources where mapping is required it is better than 7 per cent.
STRATEGIC CHOICE IN EVERYDAY DISPUTES

A variety of strategies were identified in interview‐based chronologies of ordinary interpersonal conflicts. Verbal confrontation with the adversary was the most common strategy and usually preceded other approaches. Efforts to arrange mediation and arbitration were extremely rare, though third parties were approached for other reasons in most of the cases. It was possible to distinguish complainants from respondents in 61 percent of the cases. Respondents employed more problem solving and apology than complainants, while complainants employed marginally more pressure tactics.
Lack of Character? Situationism Critiqued*

Of late philosophers have begun to write about the implications of research in social and personality psychology for the study of ethics. The spirit of this movement is that ethics should be founded on a realistic conception of human nature and that social and personality psychology have important things to say about these matters. Examples of philosophers involved in this movement are, inter alia, and most prominently, Doris, Flanagan, Harman, and Vranas. On the psychologists’ side, Ross and Nisbett are the most prominent examples of those attempting to insure that the findings of psychology find their way into our conception of human nature. We want to sign up for this movement too. But we are afraid that these philosophers and psychologists have drawn wrong conclusions from psychological results. We believe the lesson to be learned is substantially narrower than the movement seems to believe.
Elucidation of the Block to Herpes Simplex Virus Egress in the Absence of Tegument Protein UL16 Reveals a Novel Interaction with VP22

ABSTRACT UL16 is a tegument protein of herpes simplex virus (HSV) that is conserved among all members of the Herpesviridae, but its function is poorly understood. Previous studies revealed that UL16 is associated with capsids in the cytoplasm and interacts with the membrane protein UL11, which suggested a “bridging” function during cytoplasmic envelopment, but this conjecture has not been tested. To gain further insight, cells infected with UL16-null mutants were examined by electron microscopy. No defects in the transport of capsids to cytoplasmic membranes were observed, but the wrapping of capsids with membranes was delayed. Moreover, clusters of cytoplasmic capsids were often observed, but only near membranes, where they were wrapped to produce multiple capsids within a single envelope. Normal virion production was restored when UL16 was expressed either by complementing cells or from a novel position in the HSV genome. When the composition of the UL16-null viruses was analyzed, a reduction in the packaging of glycoprotein E (gE) was observed, which was not surprising, since it has been reported that UL16 interacts with this glycoprotein. However, levels of the tegument protein VP22 were also dramatically reduced in virions, even though this gE-binding protein has been shown not to depend on its membrane partner for packaging. Cotransfection experiments revealed that UL16 and VP22 can interact in the absence of other viral proteins. These results extend the UL16 interaction network beyond its previously identified binding partners to include VP22 and provide evidence that UL16 plays an important function at the membrane during virion production.
The relationship between ability level and task difficulty in producing imitation in infants.

HARNICK, FRANCES S. The Relationship between Ability Level and Task Difficulty in Producing Imitation in Infants. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 209-212. This study investigated the relationship between task difficulty and ability level as a factor in producing imitative behavior in infants. 28 toddlers, ranging in age from 14 to 28 months, participated in the study. A female model performed irrelevant and task-related behaviors for problems of increasing difficulty. The results indicated that the infants imitated the irrelevant behaviors if the task was of moderate
The Threat of Violence and Forced Migration: Geographical Scope Trumps Intensity of Fighting

Civil war and other forms of generalized violence have been identified as the main determinants of forced migration. Yet, there are still large variations across armed conflicts that have not been accounted for. In this article we examine new measures of armed conflict that indicate the magnitude and scope of fighting. We find that the geographical scope of fighting and the extent to which urban centres are affected determine a significant portion of the variation in the expected number of forced migrants across conflicts. Contrary to our expectations, our results show that the intensity of the armed conflict is not significantly related to the number of forced migrants. These findings suggest that the threat perceived by potential forced migrants is more related to where the fighting is taking place, than to the overall intensity of the fighting.
Representations of knot groups in SU(2)

This paper is a study of the structure of the space R(K) of representations of classical knot groups into SU(2) . Let R(K) equal the set of conjugacy classes of irreducible representations. In gI, we interpret the relations in a presentation of the knot group in terms of the geometry of SU(2); using this technique we calculate R(K) for K equal to the torus knots, twist knots, and the Whitehead link. We also determine a formula for the number of binary dihedral representations of an arbitrary knot group. We prove, using techniques introduced by Culler and Shalen, that if the dimension of R(K) is greater than 1, then the complement in SJ of a tubular neighborhood of K contains closed, nonboundary parallel, incompressible surfaces. We also show how, for certain nonprime and doubled knots, R(K) has dimension greater than one. In gII, we calculate the Zariski tangent space, Tp(R(K)), for an arbitrary knot K, at a reducible representation p, using a technique due to Weil. We prove that for all but a finite number of the reducible representations, dimTp(R(K)) = 3. These nonexceptional representations possess neighborhoods in R(K) containing only reducible representations. At the exceptional representations, which correspond to real roots of the Alexander polynomial, dim Tp(R(K)) = 3 + 2k for a positive integer k . In those examples analyzed in this paper, these exceptional representations can be expressed as limits of arcs of irreducible representations. We also give an interpretation of these "extra" tangent vectors as representations in the group of Euclidean isometries of the plane. 0. INTRODUCTION This paper is a study of the space R(K) of representations of the fundamental group of the complement of a knot K into the Lie group SU(2) . The major results are as follows: (1) a calculation of the topological type of R(K) for K a torus knot, a twist knot, or the Whitehead link, (2) a determination of the Zariski tangent space to R(K) at a reducible representation for an arbitrary knot K, and (3) a proposition and some examples relating the dimension of R(K) to incompressible surfaces in the complement of K. While the idea of representing 3-manifold groups in SU(2) is a fairly recent one, the representation of these groups in other groups has a substantial history. We will not attempt to chronicle this history in detail, but will comment here on Received by the editors January 18, 1989 and, in revised form, July 25, 1989. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification ( 1985 Revision). Primary 57M05, 57M25.
The CYP1A2 Genotype Modifies the Association Between Coffee Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk Among BRCA1 Mutation Carriers

We have recently reported that, among BRCA1 mutation carriers, the consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk. Because the metabolism of caffeine is primarily by CYP1A2, we examined whether or not the CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between a history of coffee consumption and the risk of breast cancer. A common A to C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene is associated with decreased enzyme inducibility and impaired caffeine metabolism. Information regarding coffee consumption habits and the CYP1A2 genotype was available for 411 BRCA1 mutation carriers (170 cases and 241 controls). We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for breast cancer associated with the CYP1A2 genotype and a history of coffee consumption before age 35, adjusting for potential confounders. The CYP1A2 genotype did not affect breast cancer risk. Among women with at least one variant C allele (AC or CC), those who consumed coffee had a 64% reduction in breast cancer risk, compared with women who never consumed coffee (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.73). A significant protective effect of coffee consumption was not observed among women with the CYP1A2 AA genotype (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.49-1.77). Similar results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to caffeinated coffee. This study suggests that caffeine protects against breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation and illustrates the importance of integrating individual genetic variability when assessing diet-disease associations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):912–6)
Theme-Analysis: Procedures and Application for Psychotherapy Research

Theme-Analysis is an innovative research method that combines both a qualitative and quantitative dimension in the study of the psychotherapy change process by developing thematic categories from psychotherapy sessions and tracking change on these categories across sessions using a measure of change. This article presents the factors that influenced the development of Theme-Analysis, the definition and types of themes, and the method used to measure change on the themes. It then summarizes the four operations of Theme-Analysis which include unitizing transcripts of psychotherapy sessions, developing themes, identifying targets of the themes, and measuring change on the themes across the sessions. This is followed by the procedures to develop a theme-hierarchy and to select themes for study and by the formats by which to present the data. The initial research findings demonstrate that Theme-Analysis has the potency to extract the deeper underlying variables in human conditions such as overcoming depression and striving to be one's own person.
Psychiatry in Saudi Arabia: Cultural Perspectives

The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is almost entirely the creation of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud (1882-1953) who, between 1901 and 1933, transformed warring desert factions into a single Kingdom. Oil was discovered in 1936, commercial production began during World War II and, with one-third of the known oil reserves of the world, Saudi Arabia was catapulted into the modern era. As part of a vigorous program of social and economic development, the first university was established at Riyadh in 1957 and a College of Medicine was opened in that University in 1969. Three of the five other universities which have been developed since that time include new faculties of medicine. These political, social, and economic transformations of the past few decades have undoubtedly affected the mental health of the Saudi Arabian population. Based on my own experience as a native Saudi as well as a review of the literature, in this overview I discuss the current state and future trends in psychiatric services and education in Saudi Arabia. I will especially emphasize cultural influences on these phenomena. Saudi Arabia occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula, with the Red Sea on the West and the Arabian Gulf on the East. Neighbouring countries include Jordan and Iraq on the North; and the Sultanate of Oman, the Yemen Arab Republic, and the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen on the South. Saudi Arabia covers
Influence of Thematic Relations on the Comprehension of Modifier–noun Combinations

To comprehend a nonpredicating combination involving a modifier (e.g., mountain) and a head noun (e.g., stream), one must specify a thematic relation (e.g., a stream in the mountains) that links the 2 constituent concepts. The authors investigated the influence of thematic relations on the comprehension of nonpredicating combinations. Experiments 1 and 3 demonstrated that people use information about what relations the constituents typically instantiate during conceptual combination. More specifically, a combination is easier to interpret when it uses a frequent relation of the modifier than when it uses a less frequent relation. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that these results are not an artifact of the individual component words. The authors propose a model of conceptual combination called the competition among relations in nominals (CARIN) model in which ease of comprehension depends both on the frequency of the to-be-selected relation and on the frequency of the alternatives.
Family structure and the risk of a premarital birth.

The authors examine three hypotheses regarding the impact of a womans family characteristics between birth and age 19 on her chances of having a premarital birth. "We construct dynamic measures of family structure using parent-history data from the [U.S.] National Survey of Families and Households. We use these data to examine the relative importance of family events during childhood changes in family structure during childhood and adolescence and durations spent in the modal family structures experienced by respondents while growing up. Our results suggest that these dynamic measures capture both theoretically and empirically distinct dimensions of family experience and that distinguishing between these dimensions provides sufficient analytical leverage to test the socialization social control and instability and change hypotheses. " (EXCERPT)
An Effective Model for Continuing Education Training in Evidence-Based Practice

This study utilized a replicated one-group pretest-posttest design with 3 month follow-up to evaluate the impact of a one-day continuing education training on the evidence-based practice (EBP) process with community practitioners (N = 69). Outcome measures assessed the level of workshop participants’ familiarity with the EBP process, their attitudes toward the EBP process, their perceived feasibility of the EBP process, their intentions to engage in the EBP process, their self-reported engagement in the EBP process, and their knowledge about the EBP process. The results supported the effectiveness of this EBP training model, as there was significant change and moderate to strong effect sizes for each of the dependent variables over time in the desired direction.
Estimating the Prevalence of Copycat Crime

Commonly perceived as rare, copycat crime has not been sufficiently studied. In an effort to encourage research, this research note offers a refined estimate of the proportion of offenders and at-risk individuals who report personal copycat crime histories. An analysis of 10 estimates spanning 50 years of self-reported copycat crime prevalence among just under 1,500 respondents was conducted. Collectively, the 10 study estimates indicate that about one in four respondents reported personal copycat crime histories. A random effects model indicated that prevalence estimates vary significantly across studies but effect moderators were not able to be identified. Copycat crime was indicated as a characteristic of a substantial number of offenders and at-risk youth. Copycat crime is deserving of more serious research and a number of associated research questions await attention.
Optimizing collective I/O performance on parallel computers: a multisystem study

While individual parallel I/O systems can incorporate sophisticated techniques and achieve impressive performance in particular situations, researchers as yet have only limited m~derstanding of the impact of various design decisions or of the techniques required for performance robustness. One remedy is to perform detailed comparative studies of different I/O libraries. In this paper, we describe such a study for the Disk Resident Array and Panda libraries, both designed to support high-performance I/O for arrays. While the two systems have many similarities, their designs and implementations are based on different assumptions and target different applications. We base our study on two I/O structures commonly encountered in scientific applications: the collective read/write of an entire array and the collective read/write of an arbitrary array section. Experiments are performed on two parallel file systems (IBM PIOFS and Intel PFS) antI one commodity Unix file system (AIX JFS). Our results yield insights into Research at UIUC was supported by by NASA under grant NACiW . 42.4. 4 and NCCS 106. Work at ANL was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences DiviGon subprogram of the Office of Computational and Technology Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-3110%Eng-38, and by the Scalable I/O Initiative. a multi-agency project funded by DARPA, DOE. NASA, and NSF. Work at PNNL was supported by the High Performance Computing and Communications Program of the Office of Computational aud Technology Reseirrch, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC066-76RL01830 with Battellc IGemorial Institute which operates the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Computing facilities were provided by NASA Ames Numerical Aeronautic Simulation (NAS) Division, Argonne National Laboratory. and California Institute of Technology. Permission to make digital/hard copies of all or part of this material for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copia ‘are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, the copyright not&, tbe title of the publication and its date appear. and notice is given that copyright is by permission of the ACM, Inc. To copy otherwise. to republish to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires specific permission md/or fee KS 97 Vienna Austria Copyright 1997 ACM 0-R9791-902-5/97/7. %3.50 the major parameters determining the performance of array-oriented collective I/O.
Do Perceived Academic Competence and School Satisfaction Mediate the Relationships Between Perceived Support Provided by Teachers and Classmates, and Academic Initiative?

The aim of the study was twofold: (1) to examine how psychosocial support provided by teachers and classmates related to students' self-regulated learning as expressed through self-reported academic initiative, and (2) whether academic competence and school satisfaction mediated these relationships. The data were from a nationally representative sample of 13- and 15-year-old students (n = 3,125) from the Norwegian part of the World Health Organization's survey of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children. Multiple-group structural equation modeling analysis indicated that teacher support and classmate support related to academic initiative. A multi-mediating path approach revealed that school satisfaction partly mediated both these relationships. Perceived academic competence partly mediated the relationships between teacher support and academic initiative, and between school satisfaction and academic initiative.
Listening Retention of Third-Grade Pupils as a Function of Mode of Presentation.

AbstractThis study compared the listening retention of third-grade pupils who had been exposed to a literature passage via three modes of presentation. Within each of 20 classrooms, pupils were randomly assigned to one of three groups in which the teacher read from a book, showed a filmstrip, or showed a film. In each presentation, identical words and pictures were used. A listening retention test was administered that showed statistically insignificant differences. Following a statistical power analysis, it was concluded that the three modes of presentation produced approximately equivalent effects upon the listening retention of the pupils.