Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerosol Insulin Induces Regulatory CD8 γδ T Cells That Prevent Murine Insulin-dependent Diabetes

Cellular immune hyporesponsiveness can be induced by the presentation of soluble protein antigens to mucosal surfaces. Most studies of mucosa-mediated tolerance have used the oral route of antigen delivery and few have examined autoantigens in natural models of autoimmune disease. Insulin is an autoantigen in humans and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). When we administered insulin aerosol to NOD mice after the onset of subclinical disease, pancreatic islet pathology and diabetes incidence were both significantly reduced. Insulin-treated mice had increased circulating antibodies to insulin, absent splenocyte proliferation to the major epitope, insulin B chain amino acids 9–23, which was associated with increased IL-4 and particularly IL-10 secretion, and reduced proliferation to glutamic acid decarboxylase, another islet autoantigen. The ability of splenocytes from insulin-treated mice to suppress the adoptive transfer of diabetes to nondiabetic mice by T cells of diabetic mice was shown to be caused by small numbers of CD8 γδ T cells. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for suppressing cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Induction of regulatory CD8 γδ T cells by aerosol insulin is a therapeutic strategy with implications for the prevention of human IDDM.
Validity of substance use self-reports in dually diagnosed outpatients.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of self-reports of substance use among outpatients dually diagnosed with substance use disorder and either bipolar disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder. METHOD Self-reports of substance use were compared with supervised urine samples collected on the same day for 55 subjects. RESULTS Self-reports were highly valid. Only 4.7% of cases involved subjects not reporting substance use detected by urine screens. CONCLUSIONS Self-reports of substance use may be highly valid in nonpsychotic, dually diagnosed outpatients under certain conditions, i.e., when patients are in treatment, when urine samples are collected with patients' prior knowledge, when patients are well-known to staff, and when honest self-reporting is encouraged.
A Flexible Flow Sensor System and Its Characteristics for Fluid Mechanics Measurements

In this paper, we present a novel micromachined hot-film flow sensor system realized by a technique using a film depositing processes and incorporating a standard printed circuit. Sensor electrodes and electronic circuits are preprinted on a flexible substrate of polyimide (PI), i.e., a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). The sensing element, which is made of Cr/Ni/Pt with a temperature coefficient of resistance around 2,000 ppm/K, is fabricated on the FPCB by either magnetron sputtering technology or pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The sensor can be packed efficiently at high-density and integrated with signal processing circuits without additional pads. A simple fabrication process using mature technique and materials selection guarantees that the time and costs are greatly reduced. Both steady-state and transient characteristics of the sensors are experimentally tested, and the results presented to validate the effectiveness of the sensors.
Regulatory Functions of Serine-46-Phosphorylated HPr in Lactococcus lactis

ABSTRACT In most low-G+C gram-positive bacteria, the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) becomes phosphorylated at Ser-46. This ATP-dependent reaction is catalyzed by the bifunctional HPr kinase/P-Ser-HPr phosphatase. We found that serine-phosphorylated HPr (P-Ser-HPr) of Lactococcus lactis participates not only in carbon catabolite repression of an operon encoding a β-glucoside-specific EII and a 6-P-β-glucosidase but also in inducer exclusion of the non-PTS carbohydrates maltose and ribose. In a wild-type strain, transport of these non-PTS carbohydrates is strongly inhibited by the presence of glucose, whereas in a ptsH1 mutant, in which Ser-46 of HPr is replaced with an alanine, glucose had lost its inhibitory effect. In vitro experiments carried out with L. lactis vesicles had suggested that P-Ser-HPr is also implicated in inducer expulsion of nonmetabolizable homologues of PTS sugars, such as methylβ-d-thiogalactoside (TMG) and 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). In vivo experiments with theptsH1 mutant established that P-Ser-HPr is not necessary for inducer expulsion. Glucose-activated 2-DG expulsion occurred at similar rates in wild-type and ptsH1 mutant strains, whereas TMG expulsion was slowed in the ptsH1 mutant. It therefore seems that P-Ser-HPr is not essential for inducer expulsion but that in certain cases it can play an indirect role in this regulatory process.
The Making Choices Program

The findings reported here describe the effects from a cohort-controlled trial of Making Choices (MC), a universal social-emotional skills training program. From teacher ratings, 688 third-grade students were classified into 4 risk profiles using measures of aggression, social competence, classroom concentration, and peer relations. High-risk students were more aggressive and less socially competent, on-task, and liked by peers; low-risk students were less aggressive and more socially competent, on-task, and liked by peers. Program effects were estimated as changes in profile membership between pretest and posttest assessments. Relative to high-risk students in comparison cohorts, a greater proportion of high-risk students in MC cohorts had moved to low-risk groups at posttest. Low-risk students in MC cohorts tended to remain at lower risk while a larger proportion of low-risk students in the comparison cohorts joined higher-risk groups. Social-emotional skills training appears to confer benefits for both high- and low-risk children.
The Transformation of Values into Prices of Production: A Different Reading of Marx's Text

The purpose of this article is to propose a systematic reading of the transformation procedure illustrated by Marx in the first example of Chapter 9, Capital III, with an effort to convey the non dualistic vision he has of the economy. The article shows that Marx’s texts on the transformation have a radically different meaning than that attributed to them by Bortkiewicz and other authors, and establishes the soundness of Marx’s conclusions. Moreover, the passages where Marx tests the validity of his results are carefully examinated. To do this, we follow an observation made by Marx himself which has been completely neglected in the subsequent literature.
Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Objective To characterize neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) according to classification used in the study by Baron et al. (Baron classification), a classification of neuropathic pain based on the mechanism. To also compare the patterns of neuropathic pain in SCI patients with those in patients with other etiologies and to determine the differences in patterns of neuropathic pain between the etiologies. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. We used the Baron classification to investigate the characteristics of neuropathic pain in SCI. Sixty-one SCI patients with neuropathic pain (The Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs score ≥12) were enrolled in this study between November 2012 and August 2013, after excluding patients <20 of age, patients with visual analog scale (VAS) score <3, pregnant patients, and patients with systemic disease or pain other than neuropathic pain. Results The most common pain characteristic was pricking pain followed by electrical pain and numbness. The mean VAS score of at-level neuropathic pain was 7.51 and that of below-level neuropathic pain was 6.83. All of the patients suffered from rest pain, but 18 (54.6%) patients with at-level neuropathic pain and 20 (50.0%) patients with below-level neuropathic pain suffered from evoked pain. There was no significant difference in between at-level and below-level neuropathic pains. Conclusion The result was quite different from the characteristics of post-herpetic neuralgia, but it was similar to the characteristics of diabetic neuropathy as shown in the study by Baron et al., which means that sensory nerve deafferentation may be the most common pathophysiologic mechanism of neuropathic pain after SCI. Since in our study, we included short and discrete symptoms and signs based on diverse mechanisms, our results could be helpful for determining further evaluation and treatment.
Subcellular localization and immunological detection of proteins encoded by the vir locus of Bordetella pertussis

The DNA sequence of the central regulatory locus vir of Bordetella pertussis predicts that three gene products, BvgA, BvgB, and BvgC, are encoded. Features of the predicted primary structures of these proteins and their homology to other two-component systems suggest that BvgA is located in the cytoplasm, BvgB is located in the periplasm, and BvgC spans the inner membrane. We have used gene fusions to the phoA and lacZ genes of Escherichia coli to investigate the subcellular localization and membrane topology of these proteins. PhoA fusion proteins were also purified and used to raise antibodies that allowed visualization of the vir-encoded polypeptides by Western immunoblotting. Our results have largely confirmed the predictions of the DNA sequence, with the exception that BvgB and BvgC were found to constitute one larger protein that was homologous to the sensor class of two-component systems. We propose that this protein be named BvgS (for sensor) and that its gene be named bvgS.
Improving the Rank Precision of Population Health Measures for Small Areas with Longitudinal and Joint Outcome Models

Objectives The University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute has published the County Health Rankings since 2010. These rankings use population-based data to highlight health outcomes and the multiple determinants of these outcomes and to encourage in-depth health assessment for all United States counties. A significant methodological limitation, however, is the uncertainty of rank estimates, particularly for small counties. To address this challenge, we explore the use of longitudinal and pooled outcome data in hierarchical Bayesian models to generate county ranks with greater precision. Methods In our models we used pooled outcome data for three measure groups: (1) Poor physical and poor mental health days; (2) percent of births with low birth weight and fair or poor health prevalence; and (3) age-specific mortality rates for nine age groups. We used the fixed and random effects components of these models to generate posterior samples of rates for each measure. We also used time-series data in longitudinal random effects models for age-specific mortality. Based on the posterior samples from these models, we estimate ranks and rank quartiles for each measure, as well as the probability of a county ranking in its assigned quartile. Rank quartile probabilities for univariate, joint outcome, and/or longitudinal models were compared to assess improvements in rank precision. Results The joint outcome model for poor physical and poor mental health days resulted in improved rank precision, as did the longitudinal model for age-specific mortality rates. Rank precision for low birth weight births and fair/poor health prevalence based on the univariate and joint outcome models were equivalent. Conclusion Incorporating longitudinal or pooled outcome data may improve rank certainty, depending on characteristics of the measures selected. For measures with different determinants, joint modeling neither improved nor degraded rank precision. This approach suggests a simple way to use existing information to improve the precision of small-area measures of population health.
Joint Offloading and Resource Allocation Optimization for Mobile Edge Computing

In this paper, we propose a game theoretic approach for joint offloading and resource allocation optimization (JORAO) problem in mobile edge computing (MEC) system. This study not only investigates offloading strategy, but also considers cloud and wireless resource allocation. Specially, the concern of the JORAO problem is to minimize the energy consumption and monetary cost from mobile terminals' perspective. However, the JORAO problem is non-convex and NP hard. Therefore, it is formulated as a JORAO game. The existence of Nash equilibrium (NE) is proved for it. To obtain NE, we also concentrate on cloud and wireless resource allocation algorithm (CWRAA), which is the sub- algorithm of the JORAO game. For the CWRAA, on one hand, we take consideration of OFDM sub-channels allocation and uplink power allocation in radio access networks (RAN). On the other hand, the computation resource allocation in MEC is studied. Simulation results show that the distributed JORAO game algorithm can nearly minimize the total cost of all mobile terminals (MTs) with low complexity. In addition, the energy consumption and completion time are less when the size of data becomes larger compared with existing algorithms.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship behavior in Secondary Schools in the City of Kermanshah

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior in secondary schools in Kermanshah city. The research method used was a cross-correlation. The study population consisted of all secondary school principals in Kermanshah city, in the 2014-2013 academic year, the number of 200 male and female managers, selected by multistage random sampling method, and using emotional intelligence Questionnaires organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior, were collected. To analyze the data, all hypotheses, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression and T were used. The results showed that, between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, there was a significant positive correlation. The emotional intelligence and organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior can be Explanation managers. Between these variables, there is no significant difference in male and female managers.
The response of normal subjects to the short ammonium chloride test: the modifying influence of renal ammonia production.

1. The response to the short ammonium chloride acidification procedure in seventeen normal young men was carefully defined by performing this test with rigid control. 2. Wide variation in the response was observed, emphasizing the difficulty of interpretation of small changes when using this procedure. 3. After ingestion of ammonium chloride, urine pH correlated positively with both net acid and ammonium excretion contrary to present concepts. It is suggested that the renal capacity to produce ammonia dictates the relation of urine pH to net acid and ammonium excretion, respectively.
The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of the treatment of childhood and adolescent anxiety

About the Editors ix List of Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Section I 1 Classification of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents 1 Cecilia A. Essau, Beatriz Olaya, and Thomas H. Ollendick 2 Epidemiology, Comorbidity and Mental Health Services Utilization 23 Cecilia A. Essau and Jheanell Gabbidon 3 Course and Outcome of Child and Adolescent Anxiety 43 Laura D. Seligman and Jessica L. Gahr Section II 4 Genetic and Environmental Influences on Child and Adolescent Anxiety 69 Helena M.S. Zavos, Thalia C. Eley, and Alice M. Gregory 5 Neurobiology of Paediatric Anxiety 89 Jasper B. Zantvoord, Ramon J.L. Lindauer, Mirte J. Bakker, and Frits Boer 6 Interpersonal and Social Factors in the Treatment of Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders 117 Thomas H. Ollendick and Shin-ichi Ishikawa 7 Information Processing Biases 141 Peter Muris and Andy Field 8 Cultural Factors and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Implications for Treatment 157 Cecilia A. Essau, Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Constantina Demetriou, and Katere Pourseied Section III 9 Evidence-Based Assessment and Case Formulation for Childhood Anxiety Disorders 177 Bryce D. McLeod, Amanda Jensen-Doss, Emily Wheat, and Emily M. Becker 10 Empirically Supported Psychosocial Treatments 207 Katharina Manassis 11 Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents 229 Boris Birmaher and Dara Sakolsky 12 Cool Teens: A Computerized Intervention for Anxious Adolescents 249 Viviana M. Wuthrich, Michael J. Cunningham, and Ronald M. Rapee 13 Bibliotherapy for Anxious and Phobic Youth 275 Mary Coffman, Frank Andrasik, and Thomas H. Ollendick Section IV 14 Separation Anxiety Disorder 301 Silvia Schneider and Kristen L. Lavallee 15 Social Anxiety Disorder 335 Deborah C. Beidel, Candice A. Alfano, and Brian E. Bunnell 16 Specific Phobias 353 Maria J. W. Cowart and Thomas H. Ollendick 17 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 369 Kendra L. Read, Chiaying Wei, Courtney L. Benjamin, Matthew P. Mychailyszyn, and Philip C. Kendall 18 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 393 Phoebe S. Moore, Martin E. Franklin, Jennifer Freeman, and John March 19 Panic Disorder 423 Alexander H. Queen and Jill Ehrenreich-May 20 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 451 William Yule, Patrick Smith, Sean Perrin, and David M. Clark 21 School Refusal 471 David A. Heyne and Floor M. Sauter Section V 22 Anxiety Prevention in School Children and Adolescents: The FRIENDS Program 519 Cristina Akiko Iizuka, Paula Barrett, and Kate Morris 23 Prevention of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with Autism and Asperger Syndrome 545 Tony Attwood and Kate Sofronoff 24 CBT Intervention for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with Williams Syndrome 559 Cecilia A. Essau and Elena Longhi Index 575
Toward a Concept of Stretch Coupling in Smooth Muscle: A Thesis by Lars Thuneberg on Contractile Activity in Neonatal Interstitial Cells of Cajal

The hypothesis was put forward by Thuneberg that rhythmically contracting interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were sensing stretch of the musculature and that this information was transmitted to smooth muscle cells via peg and socket contacts. The present study provides the evidence for the contractile nature of ICC as perceived by Thuneberg. The contractile activity is shown by video frame subtraction and by tracking areas of interest in sequential video frames. Thuneberg used neonatal ICC in culture maintained between two coverslips thereby allowing growth factors to quickly reach optimal concentrations. Contractions of ICC were seen to precede smooth muscle contractions. In addition, strong contractions were observed solely in branches of ICC. It is hoped that this communication will stimulate discussion about the contractile nature of ICC and that this phenomenon will eventually find its place amongst the physiological properties of the ICC networks of the gut musculature. Anat Rec 293:1543–1552, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predominant Role for Directly Transfected Dendritic Cells in Antigen Presentation to CD8+ T Cells after Gene Gun Immunization

Cutaneous gene (DNA) bombardment results in substantial expression of the encoded antigen in the epidermal layer as well as detectable expression in dendritic cells (DC) in draining lymph nodes (LNs). Under these conditions, two possible modes of DC antigen presentation to naive CD8+ T cells might exist: (a) presentation directly by gene-transfected DC trafficking to local lymph nodes, and (b) cross-presentation by untransfected DC of antigen released from or associated with transfected epidermal cells. The relative contributions of these distinct modes of antigen presentation to priming for cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses have not been clearly established. Here we show that LN cells directly expressing the DNA-encoded antigen are rare; 24 h after five abdominal skin bombardments, the number of these cells does not exceed 50–100 cells in an individual draining LN. However, over this same time period, the total number of CD11c+ DC increases more than twofold, by an average of 20,000–30,000 DC per major draining node. This augmentation is due to gold bombardment and is independent of the presence of plasmid DNA. Most antigen-bearing cells in the LNs draining the site of DNA delivery appear to be DC and can be depleted by antibodies to an intact surface protein encoded by cotransfected DNA. This finding of predominant antigen presentation by directly transfected cells is also consistent with data from studies on cotransfection with antigen and CD86-encoding DNA, showing that priming of anti-mutant influenza nucleoprotein CTLs with a single immunization is dependent upon coexpression of the DNAs encoding nucleoprotein and B7.2 in the same cells. These observations provide insight into the relative roles of direct gene expression and cross-presentation in CD8+ T cell priming using gene gun immunization, and indicate that augmentation of direct DC gene expression may enhance such priming.
The Impact of a Self-Help Pamphlet on Reducing Risk Drinking Among 30- to 49-Year-Old Men in Helsinki, Finland

This study evaluates the impact of a self-help pamphlet designed to support self-control of drinking. It was conducted in Helsinki, Finland, in 2001 and 2002 and focused on men between 30 and 49 years of age. The respondents were randomly selected in an intervention and a control area and compared with each other before and after the intervention using independent samples (N = 4418) The results support previous findings showing that interventions like this serve as a supplement to other prevention and early treatment measures. Although the results were encouraging, there is a need for more in-depth studies in the field.
Learning Styles as a Predictor of Meta-Cognition Among Undergraduate Students at Albalaq’a Applied University

The purpose of this study was to examine if learning styles (concreteness, reflectiveness, abstractness and experimentation) predict meta-cognition (knowledge of cognition, regulation of cognition and cognition processing). Participants of the study consisted of 715 students (males and females) selected randomly from different faculties of Albalaq’a Applied University. Two questionnaires on learning styles and meta-cognition were administered to members of the sample during academic year 2013/2014. Regression and correlation analyses were used for data. Results indicate that there is significant positive correlation between the dimensions of learning styles and meta-cognition. Results also indicate that learning styles significantly explain and predict all sub-dimensions of meta-cognition.
Self-Efficacy, Self-Evaluation, and Music Performance of Secondary-Level Band Students

In the present study, relationships between two components of self-regulation (self-efficacy and self-evaluation) and gender, school level, instrument family, and music performance were examined. Participants were 340 middle and high school band students who participated in one of two summer music camps or who were members of a private middle school band program. Students indicated their level of self-efficacy for playing a musical excerpt before performing it and then self-evaluated their performance immediately afterward. Findings suggest that there is a strong and positive relationship between self-efficacy and both music performance and self-evaluation. There was also a strong negative relationship between self-evaluation calibration bias and music performance, indicating that as music performance ability increased, students were more underconfident in their self-evaluations. Gender differences were found for self-evaluation calibration accuracy, as female students were more accurate than males at evaluating their performances. Middle school males were more inclined than females to overrate their self-efficacy and self-evaluation as compared to their actual music performance scores. These gender differences were reversed for high school students. There were no other statistically significant findings.