Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CEO power, equity ownership and underwriter reputation as determinants of lockup period length

Purpose – The purpose of the research is to study how Chief Executive Officer’s (CEO’s) ownership, CEO’s structural and expertise power and underwriters’ reputation affect the initial public offering (IPO) lockup period. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses the multivariate regression method to test the hypothesis on a sample of 1,071 US IPOs, which comprise 80 per cent of the total population of IPOs over the 1998-2002 period. Findings – It was found that CEO equity ownership had a direct positive impact and two indicators of CEO positional power (CEO duality, founder status) and underwriter reputation had a direct negative impact on the length of the lockup period that results from IPO negotiations between the issuing firm and the underwriter. It was also found that underwriter reputation negatively moderates the impact of equity ownership (likely due to a substitution effect) and positively moderates the impact of CEO duality on lockup period length (by offsetting the impact of CEO positional p.
Water use by terrestrial ecosystems: temporal variability in rainforest and agricultural contributions to evapotranspiration in Mato Grosso, Brazil

The state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, has experienced rapid land use changes from the expansion of rain-fed agriculture (primarily soybean and pasture). This study presents changes to evapotranspiration contributions from terrestrial ecosystems in Mato Grosso over the 2000–9 period. Instead of focusing on land use change to infer hydrologic change, in this paper we assess hydrologic changes using remote sensing, meteorological and agricultural production data to determine the rainforest, crop and pasture components of total evapotranspiration. Humid tropical rainforest evapotranspiration represented half of the state’s total evapotranspiration in 2000 despite occupying only 40% of the total land area. Annual evapotranspiration fluxes from rainforest declined at a rate of 16.2 km3 y−1 (R2 = 0.82, p-value < 0.01) as a result of deforestation between 2000 and 2009, representing a 25% decline in rainforest evapotranspiration since 2000. By 2009, rainforest cover accounted for only 40% of total evapotranspiration. Over the same period, crop evapotranspiration doubled, but this increase was offset by a decline in pasture evapotranspiration. Pasture fluxes were at least five times larger than crop evapotranspiration fluxes in 2000–9, with increases spatially focused at the agricultural frontier. The results highlight the expanding appropriation of soil moisture stocks for use in Mato Grosso’s rain-fed agroecosystems.
Perioperative changes of procalcitonin levels in patients undergoing liver transplantation

Severe sepsis is a life‐threatening complication after liver transplantation (LT) that can be difficult to diagnose and appropriately treat after LT because of patients being treated with immunosuppressants. The present study examines perioperative changes in serum procalcitonin (PCT), a specific marker of systemic bacterial infection, and determines the value of PCT as a diagnostic tool for bacteremia or rejection.
A non-randomised pragmatic trial of a school-based group cognitive-behavioural programme for preventing depression in girls

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the DISA-programme in preventing depressive symptoms (DS) in adolescent girls, as implemented in a real-world school setting, accounting for baseline socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, and to investigate whether the effects of these baseline variables on DS differed between intervention participants and non-participants. In this non-randomised pragmatic trial, an electronic questionnaire was disseminated in 2011 (baseline) and 2012 (follow-up) in schools in one municipality in northern Sweden. Pupils (total n=275; intervention participants identified in the questionnaire: n=53; non-participants: n=222) were 14–15 years old at baseline. The groups were compared by means of SEM. DISA could not predict differences in DS at follow-up in this real-life setting. In the overall sample, sexual harassment victimisation (SH) at baseline was associated with DS at follow-up and the estimate for SH increased in the DISA-participants compared to the overall sample.
Coopetition research: towards a better understanding of past trends and future directions

Over the past two decades, coopetition received growing attention by practitioners and scholars worldwide with a wide range of subjects explored within the current body of literature. Despite the constantly growing number of scientific publications, the current literature lacks a comprehensive and critical overview of past and present research accomplishments. Based on the first citation analysis in this field, we present three topical clusters which help us to indicate the evolution path of coopetition research. Additionally, the current literature state is studied by means of a systematic literature review reflecting the major research avenues. By combining and comparing the results of these two analyses, the paper concludes by proposing possible future research directions. To advance our current understanding of coopetition, we suggest that forthcoming research explores coopetition in the contexts of startups and family firms and extends our knowledge on the protection mechanisms which are necessary for coopeting successfully.
Dynamic interactions between Egyptian equity and currency markets prior to and during political unrest

Since the January 2011 uprising, Egypt has undergone an ongoing political unrest, which has weighed heavily on the country’s financial markets. This article aims to investigate the existence and nature of first and second moment interdependencies between the stock and currency markets of Egypt before and during the recent 2011 uprising. This investigation is conducted in the context of a bivariate EGARCH framework augmented with cointegrating residuals as an exogenous variable in both the conditional mean and conditional variance equations. The results indicate that during the pre-uprising period, there exist reciprocal mean spillover effects between the equity and currency markets. However, during the in-uprising period, only unidirectional mean spillover effects from the equity market to the currency counterpart is detected. Additionally, over both periods, a unidirectional volatility transmission from the equity market to the currency counterpart is observed. The response pattern of volatility is found to be asymmetric. In general, these results demonstrate the leading role of the stock market with respect to the currency counterpart, lending support to the portfolio balance approach. The evidence presented in this article holds important implications for investors and policymakers.
TQM in American Hotels

This 1997 study of 230 AH&MA-member properties is the first to attempt a summary survey of TQM programs in the hotels in the United States. The survey found that 116 of the properties responding practice TQM. Three-quarters of these TQM properties are full-service hotels. Statistical tests on the responses showed that size, affiliation, and lodging segment are significantly associated with hotels' using TQM. Generally, the larger the hotel, the more likely it is to have a TQM system, and chain hotels are more likely than independents to have TQM systems. The most common barrier to TQM success is failure of management leadership. One caveat to the findings is that AH&MA-member hotels are, on average, larger than the hotels as a group, possibly skewing the results to show a larger proportion of TQM programs in place than occurs in the industry as a whole.
Trust and contract completeness in the public sector

Abstract In this paper, we identify the implications of different levels of contract completeness for the delivery of public services. While numerous factors influence the effectiveness of more or less complete contracts, achieving a win–win outcome – in which both parties to a contract achieve their goals – is in part contingent on the degree of trust between the contracting parties. We explore how varying levels of trust interact with the degree of contract completeness to influence contract effectiveness across different circumstances. In particular, we draw on examples of two types of commonly contracted, but distinctly different public services – refuse collection and social service provision – to illustrate how contracting governments often adapt contract completeness in response to changes in the level of trust with the vendor. We show how contracts become less complete over time as trust evolves between parties, as well how less complete contracts become more complete when trust deteriorates between parties. As such, we explore when contracting is risky for both governments and vendors and how contract relations can be structured to help create win–win outcomes for both.
Gums and resins: The potential for supporting sustainable adaptation in Kenya's drylands

Frequent droughts and conflicts are key challenges faced by nomadic pastoralists in Kenya's drylands. Few options exist for alternative livelihoods. This article investigates the potential of collecting plant gums and resins for livelihood diversification and for contributing to sustainable adaptation to climate change in Kenya's drylands. Observations were made in various studies over a period of two years on dryland vegetation resources, and interviews undertaken with gum collectors. This research found that many households currently collect and sell plant gums and resins as alternative to livestock production. These include gum arabic from Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal; myrrh from Commiphora myrrha; hagar from Commiphora holtziana; and frankincense from Boswellia neglecta. Collectors include poor people, women and children and some opportunists. Incomes are relatively low, however, and several factors constrain the activity. The case of gums and resins illustrates that key principles of sustainable adaptation are related: supporting local knowledge and adaptation strategies (one key principle of sustainable adaptation) does not contribute to sustainability unless at the same time contextual factors that marginalize livelihoods are addressed (another key principle).
Deposit Insurance and Wealth Effects: The Value of Being “Too Big to Fail”

This paper investigates the effect on bank equity values of the Comptroller of the Currency's announcement that some banks were "too big to fail" and that for those banks total deposit insurance would be provided. Using an event study methodology, the authors find positive wealth effects accruing to too-big-to-fail banks, with corresponding negative effects accruing to nonincluded banks. They demonstrate that the magnitude of these effects differed with bank solvency and size. The authors also show that the policy to which the market reacted was that suggested by the Wall Street Journal and not that actually intended by the Comptroller. Copyright 1990 by American Finance Association.
Urban Real Estate in Ghana: A Study of Housing-related Remittances from Australia

A combination of rapid population growth and low incomes results in housing shortages in Ghana. Migration to Europe, America and Scandinavia has provided a way for some Ghanaians to escape this housing problem, as they take advantage of salaries there in order to save and build houses much quicker back home. This study of Ghanaian migrants in Sydney shows that by keeping at two or more jobs and saving about 33 per cent of their incomes, they are able to build houses worth US$100 000 in Ghana within 3–6 years. How these Ghanaians acquire land, how they build and their experiences after completing their houses provide clues on how to improve housing policy in Ghana.
Wage differentials and disability across Europe: Discrimination and/or lower productivity?

The authors measure wage discrimination against disabled persons after controlling for unobserved disability-related productivity differences. Using data for 11 European countries from the European Community Household Panel (1995–2001), they estimate wage equations for persons with disabilities hampering them in daily activities, for those not hampered, and for non-disabled people. Most countries showed no relevant wage differential against disabled workers not so hampered, compared with non-disabled workers. Where it existed, it related mainly to low productivity characteristics, not wage discrimination. However, compared with non-disabled workers, disabled workers hampered in daily activities suffered from low productivity characteristics and wage discrimination.
Cardiovascular malformations in infants of diabetic mothers

Objective: To compare the prevalence at live birth and the spectrum of cardiovascular malformations in infants born to diabetic mothers with pre-existing diabetes with that in infants of non-diabetic mothers. Design: Prospective study of all live births in the resident population of one health region, with recording of details of the outcome of all pregnancies of women with pre-existing diabetes and of all live born babies with cardiovascular malformations. Results: In the six years 1995–2000 there were 192 618 live births in the study population. Cardiovascular malformations were confirmed in 22 of 609 (3.6%) babies with diabetic mothers and in 1417 of 192 009 (0.74%) babies with non-diabetic mothers. The odds ratio for a cardiovascular malformation with maternal diabetes was 5.0 (95% confidence interval 3.3 to 7.8). Combination of these results with previous reports and comparison with the spectrum of cardiovascular malformations in infants of non-diabetic mothers shows a greater than threefold excess of transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, and tricuspid atresia. Conclusions: Pre-existing maternal diabetes is associated with a fivefold increase in risk of cardiovascular malformations. Transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, and tricuspid atresia are overrepresented to produce a substantial excess of these malformations.
Human intestinal potential difference: recording method and biophysical implications.

1. The transmural electrical potential difference (PD) of the intact human small intestine was recorded with close attention to electrical symmetry, shielding from electro‐magnetic waves and correction for junction potentials. 2. The PD is ‐12 mV (mucosa‐negative) in the fasting jejunum and ileum and does not change during perfusion with isotonic NaCl. 3. Absorption of Na and Cl appears to be non‐electrogenic and the ‘resting’ PD is probably generated by active anion secretion of fasting intestinal contents. 4. Diffusion potentials during isotonic D‐mannitol perfusion indicated higher cation selectivity in the ileum than in the jejunum. 5. The calculated contribution of a free‐solution path to total paracellular permeability is 55% in the jejunum but only 15% in the ileum. 6. No ‘streaming’ potential was detected during osmotic water flow, suggesting that the cation‐selectivity of the channels is temporarily inactivated during dilatation of the lateral intercellular space.
One Year of Transgenic Overexpression of Osteoprotegerin in Rats Suppressed Bone Resorption and Increased Vertebral Bone Volume, Density, and Strength

RANKL is an essential mediator of bone resorption, and its activity is inhibited by osteoprotegerin (OPG). Transgenic (Tg) rats were engineered to continuously overexpress OPG to study the effects of continuous long‐term RANKL inhibition on bone volume, density, and strength. Lumbar vertebrae, femurs, and blood were obtained from 1‐yr‐old female OPG‐Tg rats (n = 32) and from age‐matched wildtype (WT) controls (n = 23). OPG‐Tg rats had significantly greater serum OPG (up to 260‐fold) and significantly lower serum TRACP5b and osteocalcin compared with WT controls. Vertebral histomorphometry showed significant reductions in osteoclasts and bone turnover parameters in OPG‐Tg rats versus WT controls, and these reductions were associated with significantly greater peak load in vertebrae tested through compression. No apparent differences in bone material properties were observed in OPG‐Tg rat vertebrae, based on their unchanged intrinsic strength parameters and their normal linear relationship between vertebral bone mass and strength. Femurs from OPG‐Tg rats were of normal length but showed mild osteopetrotic changes, including reduced periosteal perimeter (−6%) and an associated reduction in bending strength. Serum OPG levels in WT rats showed no correlations with any measured parameter of bone turnover, mass, or strength, whereas the supraphysiological serum OPG levels in OPG‐Tg rats correlated negatively with bone turnover parameters and positively with vertebral bone mass and strength parameters. In summary, low bone turnover after 1 yr of OPG overexpression in rats was associated with increased vertebral bone mass and proportional increases in bone strength, with no evidence for deleterious effects on vertebral material properties.
Estimating Equilibrium Exchange Rates for Armenia and Georgia

The significant real exchange rate appreciation in Armenia and Georgia since 2003, coupled with persistent current account deficits, raises the question of whether real exchange rates have become overvalued. This paper seeks to identify possible exchange rate misalignment by applying the behavioral equilibrium exchange rate approach, complemented by an analysis of the traditional competitiveness indicators. The results indicate an undervaluation of the Armenian dram and no significant misalignment of the Georgian lari in 2006.
Malignant Tumors of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: A Retrospective Review of 291 Cases

Malignant neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses are not common among the general population. We present a retrospective study of 291 cases of malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses that were diagnosed in a northern Romanian population over a period of 35 years. We review the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of these tumors.
Developing a New Paradigm for UK Foreign Aid

This paper makes recommendations for policy on bilateral foreign aid. The recommendations are based on criticism of the current structure and also a wave of new policy suggestions that have, to date, not been implemented on a significant scale. The paper concludes that we need to move away from the orthodoxy of bilateral aid payments, and experiment in new policy areas with a focus on scientific, independent evaluation of results.
Baby boomers nearing retirement: the healthiest generation?

BACKGROUND The baby-boom generation is entering retirement. Having experienced unprecedented prosperity and improved medical technology, they should be the healthiest generation ever. METHODS We compared prevalence of disease and risk factors at ages 50-61 years in baby boomers with the preceding generation and attributed differences to period or cohort effects. Data were from the Health Survey for England (HSE) from 1994 to 2007 (n = 48,563). Logistic regression models compared health status between birth cohorts. Age-period-cohort models identified cohort and period effects separately. RESULTS Compared to the wartime generation, the baby-boomer group was heavier (3.02 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.42-3.63; p < 0.001) and reported more diagnoses of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; CI, 1.27-1.72; p < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.71; CI, 1.37-2.12; p < 0.001), and mental illness (OR = 1.90; CI, 1.54-2.53; p < 0.001). Baby boomers reported fewer heart attacks (OR = 0.61; CI, 0.47-0.79; p < 0.001) and had lower measured blood pressures (systolic -9.51 mmHg; CI, -8.7 to -10.31; p <0.001; diastolic, -2.5 mmHg; CI, -1.99 to -3.01; p < 0.001). Higher diagnosed mental disorder prevalence was attributable to a cohort effect (prevalence for 1935-1939 cohort, 2.5%, vs.1950-1954 cohort, 4.7%), whereas changes in diagnoses of diabetes and hypertension and measured body mass index were primarily period effects. CONCLUSION English baby boomers are moving toward retirement with improved cardiovascular health. However, the baby-boomer cohort has a higher prevalence of mental illness diagnoses and shows no improvement in self-rated health compared to the wartime birth cohort. There remains substantial scope to reduce health risks and future disability.
Alisertib is active as single agent in recurrent atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors in 4 children.

BACKGROUND Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) encodes a protein that regulates the formation and stability of the mitotic spindle and is highly active in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) through loss of the INI1 tumor suppressor gene. Alisertib (MLN8237) inhibits AURKA in vitro and in vivo. Given the strong preclinical data supporting the use of alisertib for ATRT patients, we sought and obtained permission to use alisertib in single patient treatment plans for 4 recurrent pediatric ATRT patients. METHODS Patients with recurrent or progressive ATRT received alisertib 80 mg/m(2) by mouth once daily for 7 days of a 21-day treatment cycle. Disease evaluation (MRI of brain and spine and lumbar puncture) was done after 2 cycles of alisertib and every 2-3 cycles thereafter for as long as the patients remained free from tumor progression. RESULTS Four patients with median age of 2.5 years (range, 1.39-4.87 y) at diagnosis received alisertib 80 mg/m(2) by mouth once daily for 7 days of a 21-day treatment cycle, and all 4 patients had disease stabilization and/or regression after 3 cycles of alisertib therapy. Two patients continued to have stable disease regression for 1 and 2 years, respectively, on therapy. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent alisertib produced marked and durable regression in disease burden, as detected by brain and spine MRI and by evaluation of spinal fluid cytology. Alisertib has moderate but manageable toxicities, and its chronic administration appears feasible in this pediatric population. These novel data support the incorporation of alisertib in future therapeutic trials for children with ATRT.
Constructing School Success: The Consequences of Untracking Low Achieving Students

1. Does untracking work? 2. The influence of background characteristics on college enrollment 3. The social scaffolding supporting academic placement 4. Organizational processes influencing untracking 5. Peer group influences supporting untracking 6. Parents' contributions to untracked students' careers 7. Conclusions and implications.
Fiscal Policy and Productivity Growth in the OECD

We use a simple endogenous growth model with productive public capital to investigate the degree to which observed fiscal policies in eight OECD countries can account for slowdowns in the growth rates of aggregate labor productivity since 1970. In model simulations, we find that none of the observed public capital policies can generate slowdowns of sufficient magnitude to match those in the data. For most countries in our sample, a simulation that combines the observed public capital policy with the observed tax policy does a better job of accounting for the slowdown than either policy in isolation.