Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Talk Like a Teacher: Participation and Negotiation in Co-planning Discourse

A new teacher's progress from novice to expert involves learning not only discipline-specific content and pedagogy, but also norms for how to talk in the community of practice. Through participation in joint planning conversations with experienced teachers, student teachers learn how to talk about planning lessons and units. This learning, though, is a two-way process. The encounter between experienced members and new members is an integral part of ongoing renewal in a community of practice. These encounters, however, can arouse tensions between the goals of the two parties, tensions that are particularly difficult to manage in a hierarchical and high-stakes cooperating teacher-student teacher relationship. An examination of the negotiations between an experienced teacher and a novice teacher during joint planning indicates that participating in a community of practice requires new members to evolve productive ways of challenging the assumptions and practices of the community, ways of negotiating shared practices and discourse with more established members. This study warrants reconceptualization of student teacher preparation to embrace not only competence through participation in collaborative planning, but also opportunities to negotiate new discourses of planning.
SNR-Aware Convolutional Neural Network Modeling for Speech Enhancement

This paper proposes a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) aware convolutional neural network (CNN) model for speech enhancement (SE). Because the CNN model can deal with local tem-poral-spectral structures of speech signals, it can effectively disentangle the speech and noise signals given the noisy speech signals. In order to enhance the generalization capability and accuracy, we propose two SNR-aware algorithms for CNN modeling. The first algorithm employs a multi-task learning (MTL) framework, in which restoring clean speech and estimating SNR level are formulated as the main and the secondary tasks, respectively, given the noisy speech input. The second algorithm is an SNR adaptive denoising, in which the SNR level is explicitly predicted in the first step, and then an SNR-dependent CNN model is selected for denoising. Experiments were carried out to test the two SNR-aware algorithms for CNN modeling. Results demonstrate that CNN with the two proposed SNR-aware algorithms outperform the deep neural network counterpart in terms of standardized objective evaluations when using the same number of layers and nodes. Moreover, the SNR-aware algorithms can improve the de-noising performance with unseen SNR levels, suggesting their promising generalization capability for real-world applications.
Are Complications of Subtotal Colectomy with Ileorectal Anastomosis Related to the Original Disease?

The aim of this study was to compare the morbidity of subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis performed for colonic inertia, Crohn's disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, and colorectal neoplasia. A retrospective review of all patients who underwent elective colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis between June 1988 and November 1996 was performed. The patients were divided into three groups: Group I, colonic inertia; Group II, Crohn's disease; and Group III, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis or other neoplasia. Outcome factors studied included the frequency of bowel movements, the incidence of small bowel obstruction, and the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Other factors assessed included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospitalization, level of ileorectal anastomosis, time of first bowel movement, and whether the operation was undertaken in one or two stages. Statistical analysis was undertaken by using the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U exact test. All 48 patients in Group I were operated on in one stage. In Group II (30 patients) 15 patients were operated on in one stage, eight patients had a preliminary Hartmann's operation and then ileorectal anastomosis, and seven patients underwent subtotal colectomy with both an ileorectal anastomosis and a proximal loop ileostomy. In Group III (22 patients) 20 patients underwent a one-stage operation whereas two patients underwent a subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and proximal loop ileostomy. The median ages were 47.0 years in Group I, 43.8 in Group II, and 53.3 in Group III. Small bowel obstruction occurred in five patients (10%) in Group I, four patients (13.3%) in Group II, and four patients (18%) in Group III. The anastomotic leak rate was 4.2% (two patients) in Group 1,1% (three patients) in Group II, and 0% in Group III (P < 0.05). At the follow up interview after surgery, the mean number of bowel movements per day 6 months after surgery was 5.4 in Group I, 7.2 in Group II, and 5.6 in Group III, (P < 0.05, Group II vs Group I or Group III). Operative time in Group III was significantly longer than in the other two groups (P = 0.004). No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups relative to blood loss, hospitalization, or timing of first bowel movement. This study failed to identify any differences in either immediate perioperative outcome or morbidity or intermediate-term function in patients undergoing ileorectal anastomosis regardless of diagnosis. The overall rate of small bowel obstruction was 13 per cent with no significant differences among the three groups. Lastly although the anastomotic leak rate was not significantly higher in patients with Crohn's disease it was higher in the group with ileostomy and ileorectal anastomosis, which highlights a potential advantage of performance of this procedure in two stages in selected patients of this patient population.
Myosin-1a powers the sliding of apical membrane along microvillar actin bundles

Microvilli are actin-rich membrane protrusions common to a variety of epithelial cell types. Within microvilli of the enterocyte brush border (BB), myosin-1a (Myo1a) forms an ordered ensemble of bridges that link the plasma membrane to the underlying polarized actin bundle. Despite decades of investigation, the function of this unique actomyosin array has remained unclear. Here, we show that addition of ATP to isolated BBs induces a plus end–directed translation of apical membrane along microvillar actin bundles. Upon reaching microvillar tips, membrane is “shed” into solution in the form of small vesicles. Because this movement demonstrates the polarity, velocity, and nucleotide dependence expected for a Myo1a-driven process, and BBs lacking Myo1a fail to undergo membrane translation, we conclude that Myo1a powers this novel form of motility. Thus, in addition to providing a means for amplifying apical surface area, we propose that microvilli function as actomyosin contractile arrays that power the release of BB membrane vesicles into the intestinal lumen.
Evaluation of an intervention program for head lice infestation in school children.

In order to investigate the point prevalence rate of pediculosis capitis (human head lice) among children in the southern region of Israel, 1431 elementary school children (6 to 15 years old), representing rural and urban environments, were examined and characterized by sociodemographic variables. An intervention program was initiated immediately after the first examination, which included "health education" for children and parents and free medicated shampoo (with pediculocides) provided for each child detected as "positive. " The intervention program was evaluated by a second examination performed on the same population after an interval of 1 month. Fifty-five percent of the children (793 of 1431) were found to be infested with one of the markers of head lice, with the highest rate in kibbutz children (80%) and the lowest rate (37%) among children who live in an urban neighborhood of high socioeconomic status. Analysis of various characteristics (related to the children screened in this study) revealed that crowding was the main factor contributing to the variation in the rates of infestation. Evaluation of the intervention program revealed a significant success in reducing head lice infestation that was not influenced by variation in socioeconomic status or place of residence.
Establishing the Test–Retest Reliability & Concurrent Validity for the Repeat Ice Skating Test (RIST) in Adolescent Male Ice Hockey Players

In this study the authors examine the test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Repeat Ice Skating Test (RIST). This was an on-ice field anaerobic test that measured average peak power and was validated with 3 anaerobic lab tests: (a) vertical jump, (b) the Margaria–Kalamen stair test, and (c) the Wingate Anaerobic Test. The participants (n = 14) were 11- to 12-year-old males selected from a Peewee “A” level ice hockey team (Thunder Bay, Canada). The results of the test–retest reliability estimation showed that the RIST was a reliable test at measuring average peak power in watts (R = .99, C.I.95% = 0.97 to 0.99) and watts per kilogram (R = .98, C.I.95% = 0.94 to 0.99). The RIST was also a valid test when correlated with the 3 anaerobic lab tests for measuring peak power in watts: vertical jump (r = .86, C.I.95% = 0.72 to 0.94), Margaria–Kalamen stair test (r = .66, C.I.95% = 0.39 to 0.83) and Wingate Anaerobic Test (r = .86, C.I.95% = 0.72 to 0.93). The test is considered promising because it does not require any specific equipment, and is a sport-specific, on-ice test, that can be administered during a regular ice hockey practice session.
Color Doppler ultrasound characteristics after subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy.

AIM The present study evaluated the effect of differences in the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) in the testicular artery (TA), capsular artery (CA), and intratesticular artery (ITA) after microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV) on postoperative pain and semen parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS Scrotal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) measurements were made in 33 patients (age 18-31 years) prior to MSV and 3 and 6 months after MSV. Pain was recorded using a visual analog scale and sperm concentration was determined to analyze the predictive value of the CDUS parameters regarding surgical outcome. RESULTS A significant decrease in pain scores was observed in most patients at both follow-ups. The first postoperative CDUS revealed a significant increase in the TA-PSV (p<0.001) and a decrease in the TA-RI (p=0.002) and CARI (p=0.006). The second postoperative CDUS also revealed a significant increase in the TA-PSV and a decrease in the TA-RI, and the PSV in the ITA and CA and RI in the ITA and CA were significantly different from the values obtained pre-operatively and at the first follow-up. A negative correlation was found between the pain level and TA-PSV (r=-0.433, p=0.012), whereas sperm concentration positively correlated with both the TA-PSV and CA-PSV (r=0.534, p=0.001 and r=0.455, p=0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The PSV and RI are useful parameters for detecting changes in testicular microhemodynamics after MSV. In addition, the TA-PSV and CA-PSV can be used to predict improvements in pain and sperm concentration.
Hearing impairment, cognition and speech understanding: exploratory factor analyses of a comprehensive test battery for a group of hearing aid users, the n200 study

Abstract Objective: The aims of the current n200 study were to assess the structural relations between three classes of test variables (i.e. HEARING, COGNITION and aided speech-in-noise OUTCOMES) and to describe the theoretical implications of these relations for the Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model. Study sample: Participants were 200 hard-of-hearing hearing-aid users, with a mean age of 60.8 years. Forty-three percent were females and the mean hearing threshold in the better ear was 37.4 dB HL. Design: LEVEL1 factor analyses extracted one factor per test and/or cognitive function based on a priori conceptualizations. The more abstract LEVEL 2 factor analyses were performed separately for the three classes of test variables. Results: The HEARING test variables resulted in two LEVEL 2 factors, which we labelled SENSITIVITY and TEMPORAL FINE STRUCTURE; the COGNITIVE variables in one COGNITION factor only, and OUTCOMES in two factors, NO CONTEXT and CONTEXT. COGNITION predicted the NO CONTEXT factor to a stronger extent than the CONTEXT outcome factor. TEMPORAL FINE STRUCTURE and SENSITIVITY were associated with COGNITION and all three contributed significantly and independently to especially the NO CONTEXT outcome scores (R2 = 0.40). Conclusions: All LEVEL 2 factors are important theoretically as well as for clinical assessment.
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the expression of the flexor synergy in the paretic arm in chronic stroke is dependent on shoulder abduction loading

Reaching ability of the paretic upper extremity in individuals with stroke decreases with increased shoulder abduction (SABD) loads. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been implemented to improve movement ability following stroke. However, results from previous studies vary, perhaps due to the influence of impairment level and the type of motor tasks that were used to study the effects of tDCS. This study specifically examines the impact of SABD loading on the effects of tDCS in 9 individuals with moderate to severe chronic stroke. In 3 different sessions, participants repeated a reaching assessment with various SABD loads (supported on a haptic table, 25%, and 50% of maximum voluntary SABD torque) in random order, pre and post one of the following 15-min tDCS protocols: anodal stimulation of lesioned M1, cathodal stimulation of non-lesioned M1, or anodal stimulation of non-lesioned M1. Sham stimulation was also conducted preceding one of the tDCS sessions. The averaged maximum reaching distance over valid trials was calculated for each condition. We observed significant interactions between SABD load, tDCS protocol and time (i.e., pre or post-tDCS). Post hoc test showed that anodal stimulation of the lesioned M1 caused a clear trend (p = 0.058) of increasing the reaching ability at a medium level of SABD loading (25%), but not for higher loads (50%). This suggests that anodal stimulation increases residual corticospinal tract activity, which successfully increases reaching ability at moderate loads; however, is insufficient to make significant changes at higher SABD loads. We also found that cathodal stimulation of the non-lesioned M1 significantly (p = 0.018) decreased the reaching distance at a high level of SABD loading (50%). This study demonstrated, for the first time, that the effect of tDCS on the reaching ability is dependent on SABD loads in individuals with moderate to severe stroke.
Longitudinal Goal Patterns and Their Effects on Students’ Motivation in Running Programs

In this study the authors examined longitudinal achievement goal patterns and their effects on students’ motivation and performance from the 5th to 6th grade in physical education running programs. In their 5th and 6th grade, 412 participants completed questionnaires assessing their task and ego orientations, expectancy beliefs, task values, and intentions for future participation in running. They also completed a timed 1-mile run. Results revealed low task/low ego, low task/high ego, high task/low ego, and high task/high ego remained stable as goal patterns across the 5th and 6th grade. The majority of students moved to more motivationally adaptive goal patterns over time.
Phase speed spectra and the recent poleward shift of Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies

The poleward shift of the Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies in recent decades is examined in reanalysis data and in the output of coupled atmosphere‐ocean and uncoupled atmospheric models. The space‐time spectra of the eddy momentum fluxes in the upper troposphere reveal a trend that marks an increase in the eastward phase speed of the tropospheric eddies accompanied by a poleward displacement of the region of wave breaking in the subtropics. A dynamical mechanism is suggested that may help explain the connections among the lower stratospheric wind anomalies, the increased eastward propagation of tropospheric eddies and the poleward shift of the tropospheric circulation.
Photic Entrainment of Period Mutant Mice is Predicted from Their Phase Response Curves

A fundamental property of circadian clocks is that they entrain to environmental cues. The circadian genes, Period1 and Period2, are involved in entrainment of the mammalian circadian system. To investigate the roles of the Period genes in photic entrainment, we constructed phase response curves (PRC) to light pulses for C57BL/6J wild-type, Per1−/−, Per2−/−, and Per3−/− mice and tested whether the PRCs accurately predict entrainment to non-24 light–dark cycles (T-cycles) and constant light (LL). The PRCs of wild-type and Per3−/− mice are similar in shape and amplitude and have relatively large delay zones and small advance zones, resulting in successful entrainment to 26 h T-cycles (T26), but not T21, with similar phase angles. Per1−/− mice have a high-amplitude PRC, resulting in entrainment to a broad range of T-cycles. Per2−/− mice also entrain to a wide range of T-cycles because the advance portion of their PRC is larger than wild types. Period aftereffects following entrainment to T-cycles were similar among all genotypes. We found that the ratio of the advance portion to the delay portion of the PRC accurately predicts the lengthening of the period of the activity rhythm in LL. Wild-type, Per1−/−, and Per3−/− mice had larger delay zones than advance zones and lengthened (>24 h) periods in LL, whereas Per2−/− mice had delay and advance zones that were equal in size and no period lengthening in LL. Together, these results demonstrate that PRCs are powerful tools for predicting and understanding photic entrainment of circadian mutant mice.
Group decision support systems: Concerns for success

Abstract This article focuses on the emerging technology of electronic decision‐making support known as GDSS, or Group Decision Support Systems. Included are discussions of advantages and disadvantages of group decision making, GDSS features that overcome disadvantages of conventional group decision making, operation and composition of GDSS technology, and stage of GDSS use and development. The main topic of consideration is factors that are important to the success and, therefore, eventual widespread acceptance of GDSS in the organizational setting. The focus of future research in this area is also discussed.
STAR FORMATION AND FEEDBACK: A MOLECULAR OUTFLOW–PRESTELLAR CORE INTERACTION IN L1689N

We present Herschel, ALMA Compact Array (ACA), and Caltech Submillimeter Observatory observations of the prestellar core in L1689N, which has been suggested to be interacting with a molecular outflow driven by the nearby solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422. This source is characterized by some of the highest deuteration levels observed in the interstellar medium. The change in the NH2D line velocity and width across the core provides clear evidence of an interaction with the outflow, traced by the high-velocity water emission. Quiescent, cold gas characterized by narrow line widths is seen in the NE part of the core, while broader, more disturbed line profiles are seen in the W/SW part. Strong N2D+ and ND3 emission is detected with ACA extending S/SW from the peak of the single-dish NH2D emission. The ACA data also reveal the presence a compact dust continuum source with a mean size of ∼1100 au, a central density of (1–2) × 107 cm−3, and a mass of 0.2–0.4 M⊙. The dust emission peak is displaced ∼5″ to the south with respect to the N2D+ and ND3 emission, as well as the single-dish dust continuum peak, suggesting that the northern, quiescent part of the core is characterized by spatially extended continuum emission, which is resolved out by the interferometer. We see no clear evidence of fragmentation in this quiescent part of the core, which could lead to a second generation of star formation, although a weak dust continuum source is detected in this region in the ACA data.
The Cerebellum Predicts the Timing of Perceptual Events

Prospective (forward) temporal–spatial models are essential for both action and perception, but the literature on perceptual prediction has primarily been limited to the spatial domain. In this study we asked how the neural systems of perceptual prediction change, when change-over-time must be modeled. We used a naturalistic paradigm in which observers had to extrapolate the trajectory of an occluded moving object to make perceptual judgments based on the spatial (direction) or temporal–spatial (velocity) characteristics of object motion. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we found that a region in posterior cerebellum (lobule VII crus 1) was engaged specifically when a temporal–spatial model was required (velocity judgment task), suggesting that circuitry involved in motor forward-modeling may also be engaged in perceptual prediction when a model of change-over-time is required. This cerebellar region appears to supply a temporal signal to cortical networks involved in spatial orienting: a frontal-parietal network associated with attentional orienting was engaged in both (spatial and temporal–spatial) tasks, but functional connectivity between these regions and the posterior cerebellum was enhanced in the temporal–spatial prediction task. In addition to the oculomotor spatial orienting network, regions involved in hand movements (aIP and PMv) were recruited in the temporal–spatial task, suggesting that the nature of perceptual prediction may bias the recruitment of sensory-motor networks in orienting. Finally, in temporal–spatial prediction, functional connectivity was enhanced between the cerebellum and the putamen, a structure which has been proposed to supply the brain's metric of time, in the temporal–spatial prediction task.
Elevation of medial tibial condyle for severe tibia vara

Clinical and radiological evidence of knee instability was used as criteria for elevation of medial tibial condyle in severe tibia vara. Restoration of tension to the exposed medial collateral ligament was used as a guide for the required amount of elevation. A second-stage proximal tibial osteotomy was performed later for correction of the remaining varus deformity. External fixators were used in all instances. Elevation of the medial tibial condyle is indicated in severe tibia vara with arrest of the medial tibial physis, in which more than a 10° difference exists between valgus and varus stress radiographs with the knee in extension as compared with an opposite normal knee.