Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 CORTICAL SOURCES OF RESTING STATE EEG ALPHA RHYTHMS DETERIORATE ACROSS TIME IN SUBJECTS WITH AMNESIC MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Acknowledgments: This research was developed thank to the financial support by European Committee for the FP7-" ICT Infrastructure " project entitled " Diagnostic Enhancement of Confidence by an International Distributed Environment " (" DECIDE " , Grant Agreement: RI-261593) in the framework of the validation of spectral electroencephalographic indexes of disease progression in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, this article is presented on behalf of the DECIDE Consortium. Please find complete information about the Consortium and principal investigators at www.eu-decide.eu. Abstract Cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms are abnormal in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Here, we tested the hypothesis that these sources in amnesic MCI subjects further deteriorate over 1 year. To this aim, the resting state eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 54 MCI subjects at baseline (Mini Mental State Evaluation, MMSE I= 26.9 ± 0.2 standard error, SE) and at approximately 1-year follow up (13.8 months ± 0.5 SE; MMSE II= 25.8 ± 0.2 SE). As a control, EEG recordings were also performed in 45 normal elderly (Nold) and in 50 mild AD subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-EEG sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Compared to the Nold and mild AD subjects, the MCI subjects were characterized by an intermediate power of posterior alpha1 sources. In the MCI subjects, the follow-up EEG recordings showed a decreased power of posterior alpha1 and alpha2 sources. These results suggest that the resting state EEG alpha sources were sensitive-at least at group level-to the cognitive decline occurring in the amnesic MCI group over 1 year, and might represent cost-effective, non-invasive and widely available markers to follow amnesic MCI populations in large clinical trials.
Information and Phylogenetic Systematic Analysis

Information in phylogenetic systematic analysis has been conceptualized, defined, quantified, and used differently by different authors. In this paper, we start with the Shannon Uncertainty Measure information measure I, applying it to cladograms containing only consistent character states. We formulate a general expression for I, utilizing a standard format for taxon-character matrices, and investigate the effect that adding data to an existing taxon-character matrix has on I. We show that I may increase when character vectors that encode autapomorphic or synapomorphic character states are added. However, as added character vectors accumulate, I tends to a limit, which generally is less than the maximum I. We show computationally and analytically that limc→∞ I = log2 t, in which t enumerates taxa and c enumerates characters. For any particular t, upper and lower bounds in I exist. We use our observations to suggest several interpretations about the relationship between information and phylogenetic systematic analysis that have eluded previous, precise recognition.
Supplemental material to : Bacteria penetrate inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and in patients with ulcerative colitis MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals Experiments were performed using wild type C57/Bl6, IL10, Slc9a3, C1galt, Muc2and Tlr5 mice all on a C57/Bl6 background (male 8-12 weeks) according to local ethics committee guidelines, All experiments included controls from the same animal facility as the knock-out strains. DSS experiments were performed as described (1;2). The animals were housed in standardized conditions of temperature (21-22°C) and illumination (12h light and 12 dark) with food and water provided ad libitum.
Error Exponent for Gaussian Channels With Partial Sequential Feedback

This paper studies the error exponent of block coding over an additive white Gaussian noise channel where a fraction (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f$</tex></formula>) of the channel output symbols are revealed to the transmitter through noiseless feedback. If the code rate exceeds <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$fC$</tex></formula>, where <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$C$</tex> </formula> is the channel capacity, then the probability of decoding error cannot decay faster than exponentially with block length. However, if the code rate is below <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$fC$</tex></formula>, the error probability can decrease faster than exponentially with the block length, as with full feedback (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f=1$</tex></formula>). This is achieved by combining a feedback code and a forward error control code, and jointly decoding them at the receiver. This scheme can attain higher reliability than rate splitting in which feedback and forward codes independently encode separate source messages.
Evaluation of English language materials: One junior high school in Yogyakarta

Teaching language in this global era demands mostly the creativity of the teachers, this is because in 21th century, students need to be critical thinkers, creative, communicative and collaborative. Therefore, the creativity of the teacher is manifested by evaluating the multiple resources and adapting or adopting them based on the contextualized learning situation including individual differences, styles and learners needs. It is also essential for the teacher to integrate the four macro skills in teaching language in order to make the students more communicative and collaborative. Hence, this paper presents the evaluation of the language teaching resources before and during applying them to the classroom contexts. The data were collected by document review, classroom observation and interview with the secondary school teacher. The data were analyzed qualitatively through interactive model. There is variation of the results based on the techniques of data collection. The interview shows that theoretically the teacher is creative to make the materials for students. Meanwhile, the observation and document review findings show that there is a need of improvement on the way to evaluate and use the English materials based on the context. Finally, we suggest that the theoretical knowledge from interview should be implemented practically in class and in evaluating the textbooks in order to adopt or adapt by adding or removing some materials to make English textbooks match with students contexts.
Functional Recovery in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury after Transplantation of Multineurotrophin-Expressing Glial-Restricted Precursor Cells

Demyelination contributes to the physiological and behavioral deficits after contusive spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, remyelination may be an important strategy to facilitate repair after SCI. We show here that rat embryonic day 14 spinal cord-derived glial-restricted precursor cells (GRPs), which differentiate into both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, formed normal-appearing central myelin around axons of cultured DRG neurons and had enhanced proliferation and survival in the presence of neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF). We infected GRPs with retroviruses expressing the multineurotrophin D15A (with both BDNF and NT3 activities) and then transplanted them into the contused adult thoracic spinal cord at 9 d after injury. Expression of D15A in the injured spinal cord is five times higher in animals receiving D15A-GRP grafts than ones receiving enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-GRP or DMEM grafts. Six weeks after transplantation, the grafted GRPs differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes expressing both myelin basic protein (MBP) and adenomatus polyposis coli (APC). Ultrastructural analysis showed that the grafted GRPs formed morphologically normal-appearing myelin sheaths around the axons in the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) of spinal cord. Expression of D15A significantly increased the percentage of APC+ oligodendrocytes of grafted GRPs (15-30%). Most importantly, 8 of 12 rats receiving grafts of D15A-GRPs recovered transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potential responses, indicating that conduction through the demyelinated VLF axons was restored. Such electrophysiological recovery was not observed in rats receiving grafts of EGFP-GRPs, D15A-NIH3T3 cells, or an injection of an adenovirus expressing D15A. Recovery of hindlimb locomotor function was also significantly enhanced only in the D15A-GRP-grafted animals at 4 and 5 weeks after transplantation. Therefore, combined treatment with neurotrophins and GRP grafts can facilitate functional recovery after traumatic SCI and may prove to be a useful therapeutic strategy to repair the injured spinal cord.
The Effects of Learning Resilience and Stress on Student Learning Achievement

The purpose of this study is to know the effects of learning resilience and stress on student learning achievement. Samples were selected by random technique, as many as 32 students. Data collection was carried out using two questionnaire instruments (i.e. resilience questionnaire and stress questionnaire), and one learning achievement test instrument. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics, namely multiple regression. Conclusion: resilience has a positive direct effect on learning achievement; learning stress has a negative direct effect on learning achievement. Keywords—resilience; stress; achievement
The Efficacy of Vocal Cool-Down Exercises

Warming up the voice is an accepted tradition among singers and is considered essential for healthy singing technique. Centuries of experience-based practice and publications have created the belief that warm-up is a necessary aspect in voice training. Vocal cool-down at the end of a lesson, rehearsal, or performance is not yet standard practice. In recent years, singers have more frequently been encouraged to cool down the voice, but empirical and scientific data remain in their infancy with regard to evidence-based information.1 For this to change, there is a need for more scientific research to substantiate cool-down exercises as a necessary aspect of a singer’s vocal health. Until that time, it is reasonable to guide singers to cool down their voices based on current research and anecdotal experience of voice pedagogues.
Measurement Based Investigation of Cooperative Relaying

In this paper we present measurements that involve two access points (APs) and two user terminals, each of which is equipped with 4 antennas, in an indoor office environment. The data allow for the simultaneous characterization of the multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) links from the APs to the user terminals and between the user terminals, and are, to the best of our knowledge, the first of their kind. We show that the links between user terminals are impaired by body shadowing, and have therefore much lower gains than the direct links to the APs. Moreover we investigate the statistics of the links, and their correlation. Based on these measurements, we investigate the performance of cooperative relaying in terms of rate improvement (for this analysis the data from only one AP are used). We show that a significant rate improvement can be achieved if the relaying node is free to set the power level at which it transmits, and if it is free to select which of its antennas is used to perform the relaying.
Reasoning about explicit strictness in a lazy language using mixed lazy/strict semantics

Many functional programmers are familiar with the concept of enforcing strictness for making applications fit their time and space efficiency requirements. Few functional programmers however, are familiar with the consequences of enforcing strictness for formal reasoning about their programs. This paper attempts to fill the gap between the few and the many. Some typical examples are given of the use and the meaning of explicit strictness. We show how formal reasoning can be made easier by the introduction of auxiliary functions in the program. John Launchbury’s [Lau93] natural lazy semantics for lazy evaluation is extended with an explicit strict let construct. We show that this rule extends the semantics in a natural way. In fact, using our mixed semantics it is possible to express in the language itself the semantical difference between Ω and λx. Ω while in Launchbury’s model these two expressions can only be distinguished from outside the language.
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients enrolled in a comprehensive care program in Cambodia: A 24-month follow-up assessment

Background The long-term maintenance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains an important issue, especially in limited-resource settings where additional barriers exist. A cross-sectional study was performed 24 months after ART initiation for patients treated in Cambodia in order to estimate the prevalence and identify determinants of non-adherence. Methods Adults receiving ART for 24 ±2 months were considered eligible for the study. Self-reported non-adherence was defined according to an algorithm based on six items. The questionnaire also assessed ART-related side effects and HIV disclosure. HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load was measured using real-time PCR. Multivariate rare events logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with non-adherence. Results A total of 346 patients participated in the study. At 24 months, 95% of patients were adherent, 80% had HIV RNA <40 copies/ml and 75% had CD4+ T-cell counts >200 cells/mm3. Virological success was significantly higher in adherent patients than in non-adherent patients (81% versus 56%, P=0.021). Living in a rural area, limited HIV disclosure and perceived lipodystrophy were independently associated with non-adherence. Conclusions At 24 months, adherence to ART was high and explained positive virological outcomes. In order to maintain adherence and long-term virological benefits, special attention should be given to patients living in rural areas, those with lipodystrophy-related symptoms and others who express difficulties disclosing their condition to close family members.
Competence for Genetic Transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Termination of Activity of the Alternative Sigma Factor ComX Is Independent of Proteolysis of ComX and ComW

ABSTRACT Competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae is a transient physiological state whose development is coordinated by a peptide pheromone (CSP) and its receptor, which activates transcription of two downstream genes, comX and comW, and 15 other “early” genes. ComX, a transient alternative sigma factor, drives transcription of “late” genes, many of which are essential for transformation. In vivo, ComW both stabilizes ComX against proteolysis by the ClpE-ClpP protease and stimulates its activity. Interestingly, stabilization of ComX by deletion of the gene encoding the ClpP protease did not extend the period of competence. We considered the hypothesis that the rapid decay of competence arises from a rapid loss of ComW and thus of its ComX stimulating activity, so that ComX might persist but lose its transcriptional activity. Western analysis revealed that ComW is indeed a transient protein, which is also stabilized by deletion of the gene encoding the ClpP protease. However, stabilizing both ComX and ComW did not prolong either ComX activity or the period of transformation, indicating that termination of the transcriptional activity of ComX is not dependent on proteolysis of ComW.
Pancreatic Cancer Cells Enhance the Ability of Collagen Internalization during Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is predominantly mediated by fibroblasts using intracellular and extracellular pathways. Although it is well known that extracellular degradation of the ECM by proteases derived from cancer cells facilitates cellular invasion, the intracellular degradation of ECM components by cancer cells has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to characterize collagen internalization, which is the initial step of the intracellular degradation pathway in pancreatic cancer cells, in light of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed the function of collagen internalization in two pancreatic cancer cell lines, SUIT-2 and KP-2, and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) using Oregon Green 488-gelatin. PSCs had a strong ability for collagen uptake, and the pancreatic cancer cells also internalized collagen although less efficiently. The collagen internalization abilities of SUIT-2 and KP-2 cells were promoted by EMT induced by human recombinant transforming growth factor β1 (P<0.05). Expression of Endo180, a collagen uptake receptor, was high in mesenchymal pancreatic cancer cell lines, as determined by EMT marker expression (P<0.01). Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses showed that Endo180 expression was also increased by EMT induction in SUIT-2 and KP-2 cells. Endo180 knockdown by RNA interference attenuated the collagen uptake (P<0.01) and invasive abilities (P<0.05) of SUIT-2 and KP-2 cells. Conclusions/Significance Pancreatic cancer cells are capable of collagen internalization, which is enhanced by EMT. This ECM clearance system may be a novel mechanism for cellular invasion and a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
Discipline Policies, Successful Schools, and Racial Justice

This research makes clear that unnecessarily harsh discipline policies are applied unfairly and disproportionately to minority students, dragging down academic achievement. The report documents a trend across the United States in which minority students routinely receive major penalties, including school suspensions, for minor school offenses. The materials also show how criminalizing kids detrimentally affects student learning, and criticizes the federal government’s minimal efforts to collect data in any uniform way on the large number of students kicked out of school. Also available at http://civilrightsproject.ucla. edu
Alliance partners and firm performance: resource complementarity and status association

Bridging the resource-based view and the institutional perspective, this study explores the performance consequences of firms' alliance partner selections by examining the interactions of resource complementarity and institutional associations (reflected through both societal and network status) between the firm and its partners. The integrative framework suggests that a joint consideration of resource complementarity and status effects, as well as important firm- and environmental-level contingent factors, are critical for understanding the underlying mechanisms of alliance formations and their effects on firm performance. Further, our study suggests that it is necessary to consider both societal and network status as they can have distinct effects under certain conditions. Our analyses of four U.S. industries (computer, steel, pharmaceutics, crude petroleum and natural gas) over a span of 13 years largely support our framework. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No 995 August 2010 Trade Crisis ? What Trade Crisis ?

We provide an analysis of the 2008-2009 trade collapse using microdata from a small open economy, Belgium. First, we find that changes in firm-country-product exports and imports occurred mostly at the intensive margin: the number of firms, the average number of destination and origin markets per firm, and the average number of products per market changed only very little. Second, econometric analysis reveals some composition effects in the intensive margin fall along firm, product and country characteristics. The most important factor explaining changes in exports is the destination country's growth rate of GDP. Had growth rates in 2008{2009 been the same as in 2007{2008, Belgian exports would have fallen by about 57% less than what we observe. Trade in consumer durables and capital goods fell more severely than trade in other product categories, which explains another 22% of the observed fall. Financial variables and involvement in global value chains have some explanatory power on the exports and imports fall respectively, but appear to have affected domestic operations in equal proportion. More generally, exports-to-turnover and imports-to-intermediates ratios at the firm level did neither systematically decrease nor reveal strong firmor sector-specific patterns. Overall, our results point to a demand-side explanation: the fall in trade was mostly driven by the fall in economic activity. It is not a trade crisis | just a trade collapse.
Gender di ff erence in stenoses of left and right coronary ostium and left main coronary artery

current screening programme, indicate that such a cardiovascular screening programme appeals to and attracts a large audience. Persons attracted to such a programme seem to constitute a relatively healthy sample of the population, and this needs to be taken into account in the consideration of these results. However, the risk of developing future atherosclerotic disease in screened elderly men and women must still be considered quite high. A comparable screening programme will have been carried out at the ESC meeting in Stockholm in August 2001 and it will be interesting to compare those findings with the currently described data. J. W. DECKERS R. VAN DOMBURG V. MANGER CATS R. J. G. PETERS Thoraxcenter, Dept. of Cardiology,
Zika virus: An overview

The Zika virus has been in the news for quite some time due to the ongoing recent outbreak in the Southern America, which started in December 2015. It has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization in February 2016 owing to its association with the congenital deformities, particularly microcephaly in infants borne to the infected mothers. The rapid spread of the virus throughout the United States of America and subsequently to Asia has raised serious international concerns. Its spread to countries neighboring India is a serious threat to the Indian population. This review article gives an overview about the virus, its diagnosis, clinical features, and the management.
Multiwavelength Monitoring of the BL Lacertae Object PKS 2155–304 in 1994 May. I. The Ground-based Campaign

Optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 were obtained simultaneously with a continuous UV/EUV/X-ray monitoring campaign in 1994 May. Further optical observations were gathered throughout most of 1994. The radio, millimeter, and near-infrared data show no strong correlations with the higher energies. The optical light curves exhibit flickering of 0.2-0.3 mag on timescales of 1-2 days, superposed on longer timescale variations. Rapid variations of ~0.01 mag minute-1, if real, are the fastest seen to date for any BL Lac object. Small (0.2-0.3 mag) increases in the V and R bands occur simultaneously with a flare seen at higher energies. All optical wave bands (UBVRI) track each other well over the period of observation, with no detectable delay. For most of the period the average colors remain relatively constant, although there is a tendency for the colors (in particular, B-V) to vary more when the source fades. In polarized light, PKS 2155-304 showed strong color dependence (polarization increases toward the blue, PU/PI = 1.31) and the highest optical polarization (U = 14.3%) ever observed for this source. The polarization variations trace the flares seen in the UV flux. For the fastest variability timescale observed, we estimate a central black hole mass of ≲1.5 × 109(δ/10) M☉, consistent with UV and X-ray constraints and smaller than previously calculated for this object.