Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serotonergic Contribution to Boys' Behavioral Regulation

Objectives Animal and human adult studies reveal a contribution of serotonin to behavior regulation. Whether these findings apply to children is unclear. The present study investigated serotonergic functioning in boys with a history of behavior regulation difficulties through a double-blind, acute tryptophan supplementation procedure. Method Participants were 23 boys (age 10 years) with a history of elevated physical aggression, recruited from a community sample. Eleven were given a chocolate milkshake supplemented with 500mg tryptophan, and 12 received a chocolate milkshake without tryptophan. Boys engaged in a competitive reaction time game against a fictitious opponent, which assessed response to provocation, impulsivity, perspective taking, and sharing. Impulsivity was further assessed through a Go/No-Go paradigm. A computerized emotion recognition task and a staged instrumental help incident were also administered. Results Boys, regardless of group, responded similarly to high provocation by the fictitious opponent. However, boys in the tryptophan group adjusted their level of responding optimally as a function of the level of provocation, whereas boys in the control group significantly decreased their level of responding towards the end of the competition. Boys in the tryptophan group tended to show greater perspective taking, tended to better distinguish facial expressions of fear and happiness, and tended to provide greater instrumental help to the experimenter. Conclusions The present study provides initial evidence for the feasibility of acute tryptophan supplementation in children and some effect of tryptophan supplementation on children's behaviors. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential impact of increased serotonergic functioning on boys' dominant and affiliative behaviors.
Technology and the Structure of Organizations

Data on 43 industrial organizations point to the existence of relationships between an organization's technology and aspects of its internal structure, including the number oJ specialized sub-units, the number of levels of authority, the ratio of managers and supervisors to total personnel, and the degree of program specification within the organization. A primary finding is that the less changeful an organization's technology, the more likely the foregoing aspects of structure are to increase. The findings hold with size and a number of other organizational variables controlled. The importance of considering technology in the comparative analysis of formal organizations is emphasized. It is also suggested that the technology variable, in connection with other aspects of organizational structure, serves to establish a rudimentary typology of sociotechnical organization and that the use of the typology may provide a useful analytic tool for the investigation of a number of organizational processes, including those of decision-making and patterns of intra-organizational conflict.
Hypoglycemia-Occipital Syndrome: A Specific Neurologic Syndrome Following Neonatal Hypoglycemia?

This study attempted to elaborate the existence of a specific neurologic pattern observed in children who experienced neonatal hypoglycemia. Twenty-seven patients with seizure and history of neonatal hypoglycemia were compared with 28 children suffering from idiopathic occipital epilepsy. In both groups the most common type of seizure activities included eye movements and impaired consciousness responding well to treatment; however, ictal vomiting was more common in controls. Subjects were in epileptic and nonepileptic groups. Ninety percent of cases showed abnormal signal of the posterior head region on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A large number showed posterior abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG). Visual loss with abnormal visual evoked potential was the most frequent visual finding. Fifty-five percent showed mild psychomotor retardation. This study demonstrates that neonatal hypoglycemia can induce a syndrome with a specific clinical spectrum consisting of epilepsy, visual disturbances, and psychomotor retardation. Hypoglycemia—occipital syndrome is an entity without statistically significant semiologic differences from the idiopathic type.
The Genesis of the Reflexive Impersonal in Portuguese: A Study in Syntactic Change as a Surface Phenomenon

Syntactic change is viewed as a process that is critically dependent on the surface properties of language and essentially independent of grammatical derivations. In this framework, the genesis of the reflexive impersonal construction in Portuguese is shown to have no formal connection-not even a merely descriptive one-with the transformations of Agentization and Object Fronting that were involved in the derivation of its ancestor, the reflexive passive. Evidence from other sources supporting the surface framework is briefly discussed, and an explanation is offered for its validity in terms of the real-world circumstances under which language change occurs. *
Missense and nonsense mutations in the alternatively‐spliced exon 2 of COL2A1 cause the ocular variant of Stickler syndrome

Stickler syndrome type I (STL1) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by ocular and extraocular features. It is caused by null‐allele mutations in the COL2A1 gene that codes for procollagen II. COL2A1 precursor mRNA undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in two isoforms, a long form including exon 2 (type IIA isoform) and a short form excluding exon 2 (type IIB isoform). The short form is predominantly expressed by differentiated chondrocytes in adult cartilage, and the long form in chondroprogenitor cells during early development and in the vitreous of the eye, which is the only adult tissue containing procollagen IIA. Recent evidence indicates that due to the tissue‐specific expression of these two isoforms, premature termination codon mutations in exon 2 cause Stickler syndrome with minimal or no extraocular manifestations. We describe here two mutations in exon 2 of COL2A1 in three patients with predominantly ocular Stickler syndrome: Cys64Stop in two patients, and a novel structural mutation, Cys57Tyr, in one patient. RT‐PCR of total lymphoblast RNA from one patient with the Cys64Stop mutation revealed that only the normal allele of the IIA form was present, indicating that the mutation resulted either in complete loss of the allele by nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay or by skipping of exon 2 via nonsense‐mediated altered splicing, resulting in production of the type IIB isoform. The results of COL2A1 minigene expression studies suggest that both Cys64Stop and Cys57Tyr alter positive cis regulatory elements for splicing, resulting in a lower IIA:IIB ratio. Hum Mutat 29(1), 83–90, 2008. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Chemical Deposition Method for the Decoration of Palladium Particles on Carbon Nanofibers with Rapid Conductivity Changes

Palladium (Pd) metal is well-known for hydrogen sensing material due to its high sensitivity and selectivity toward hydrogen, and is able to detect hydrogen at near room temperature. In this work, palladium-doped carbon nanofibers (Pd/CNFs) were successfully produced in a facile manner via electrospinning. Well-organized and uniformly distributed Pd was observed in microscopic images of the resultant nanofibers. Hydrogen causes an increment in the volume of Pd due to the ability of hydrogen atoms to occupy the octahedral interstitial positions within its face centered cubic lattice structure, resulting in the resistance transition of Pd/CNFs. The resistance variation was around 400%, and it responded rapidly within 1 min, even in 5% hydrogen atmosphere conditions at room temperature. This fibrous hybrid material platform will open a new and practical route and stimulate further researches on the development of hydrogen sensing materials with rapid response, even to low concentrations of hydrogen in an atmosphere.
The mean meridional circulation and midlatitude ozone buildup

Abstract. The wintertime ozone buildup over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes and its connection with the mean meridional circulation in the stratosphere are examined statistically on a monthly basis from October to March (1980–2002). The ozone buildup begins locally in October with positive total ozone tendencies over the North Pacific, which spread eastward and westward in November and finally cover all midlatitudes in December. The local onset of the buildup in October is not evident in zonal mean ozone tendency, which is close to zero. From November to March, zonal mean total ozone tendency (50°–60° N) shows a strong correlation (|r|=0.7) with several zonal mean parameters associated to the mean meridional circulation, namely: eddy heat flux, temperature tendency, the vertical residual velocity and the residual streamfunction. At the same time, on the latitude-altitude cross section, correlation patterns between ozone tendency and widely used eddy heat flux are not uniform during winter. The strongest correlations are located equatorward (almost throughout the stratosphere) or poleward (only in the lower stratosphere) of the edge of the polar vortex. Such distribution may depend on the existence of the midlatitude and polar waveguides which defined refraction of upward propagating waves from the troposphere either to the midlatitude stratosphere or to the polar stratosphere. As a consequence of the nonuniform correlation patterns, heat flux averaged over the common region 45°–75° N, 100 hPa is not always an optimum proxy for statistical models describing total ozone variability in midlatitudes. Other parameters approximating the strength of the mean meridional circulation have more uniform and stable correlation patterns with ozone tendency during winter. We show that the NH midlatitude ozone buildup has a stable statistical relationship with the mean meridional circulation in all months from October to March and half of the interannual variability in monthly ozone tendencies can be explained by applying different proxies of the mean meridional circulation.
Fast automatic myopic deconvolution of angiogram sequences

We present a fast unsupervised myopic deconvolution method dedicated to quasi-real time processing of video sequences such as angiograms. Our method is based on a Bayesian approach of which the tuning parameters are automatically set thanks to the marginalized likelihood of the observed image. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on simulated and empirical images.
The Connection Between Stakeholder Theory and Stakeholder Democracy

In early writings, stakeholder theorists supported giving all stakeholders formal, binding control over the corporation, in particular, over its board of directors. In recent writings, however, they claim that stakeholder theory does not require changing the current structure of corporate governance and further claim to be “agnostic” about the value of doing so. This article’s purpose is to highlight this shift and to argue that it is a mistake. It argues that, for instrumental reasons, stakeholder theorists should support giving all stakeholders control over the corporation, in the form of control over its board. That is, stakeholder theorists should support stakeholder democracy over the status quo. A larger goal of this article is to steer the conversation about stakeholder theory toward questions of governance and control. Stakeholder theorists tend to sidestep these questions, but it is vital that they be addressed.
Adults' Perception of Empathy When Interacting with a Nursing Robot or a Physically Present Nurse: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Comparison

Background Nursing presence is an intersubjective connection between the nurse and patient that results in improved patient outcomes. Present day task-oriented healthcare robots possess an evolving capacity to address task-based attributes of nursing care but are far less capable of addressing attributes of nursing presence. The purpose of this study was to explore adults’ perception of nurse-expressed empathy, an attribute of nursing presence, as enacted by a semiautonomous robot nurse compared to a human nurse following a discussion of the adults’ health concerns or issues Methods The design for this study employed a non-inferiority randomized comparison of two groups. The overall hypothesis was that adults’ perception of nurse-expressed empathy during human-robot interactions was not inferior to the perception of nurse-expressed empathy during human-human interactions. From a broad geographic community 102 adults, age 21 to 80, were recruited and assigned to an active control or reference treatment group using stratified and blocked randomization. In each group, participants discussed the impact of health issues or concerns on their daily life. Participants in the reference treatment group interacted with a semiautonomous robot. Participants in the control group interacted with the researcher face-to-face. Participants’ perception of nurse-expressed empathy was measured using the Empathic Understanding Scale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. A confidence interval approach using 95%-95% method was used to assess non-inferiority. The first confidence interval was obtained from analysis of seven historical studies that measured empathy using the
There is a fire burning in my heart: The role of causal attribution in affect transfer

The role of causal attribution in affect transfer of primes was addressed by examining the consequences of explicit evaluation of primes within the framework of the affect misattribution procedure (AMP; Payne, Cheng, Govorun, & Stewart, 2005). We reasoned that affect transfer occurs when primed affect remains diffuse and not bound to a specific object, hence capable of freely colouring subsequent evaluations of ambiguous objects. Accordingly, we propose that when people explicitly evaluate the prime, affect is clearly bound to the prime and becomes less capable of influencing subsequent judgements. Supporting this notion, affect transfer in the AMP was observed when participants ignored the primes, thereby keeping the primed affect relatively unbound. However, this effect disappeared when participants explicitly evaluated the primes before target stimuli were presented. Implications of these findings in determining how and when affect arising from one object carries over to another is discussed.
Linking Cognitive Control & Stress Regulation: A Brain-Based Perspective on Self-Regulatory Processes

4 Introduction 5 Overview 5 Cognitive Control 5 EEG Technique 8 Error-Related Negativity 9 Emotion Regulation 13 Neural Basis of Emotion Regulation 15 Stress Regulation 18 Measuring the Stress Response 22 Connecting Cognitive Control & Emotion Regulation 23 The Current Study 26 Hypotheses 29 Methods 30 Participants 30 Overview of Procedure 31 Cognitive Task 31 EEG Data Acquisition and Recording 32 EEG Data and Signal Processing 33 Measures of Cognitive Control 34 Stress-Inducing Task 34 Measures of Stress Response 36 Self-report Measures 37 Results 38 Behavioral Performance Data 38 ERN 39 Cortisol 41 Heart Rate 42 Self-Report Surveys 43 Cognitive ControlERN & Behavioral Performance 44 Stress RegulationCortisol, Heart Rate, & Self-Report 45 ERN & Physiological Measures of Stress 46 Behavioral Performance & Physiological Measures of Stress 49 Cognitive Control & Self-Report Surveys 49 Discussion 50 Cognitive Control 51 The Relationship between Cognitive Control & Stress Regulation 53 Stress Manipulation 57 Heart Rate 60 Cognitive Control & Stress Regulation 3 Self-Report Measures 61 Future Directions 67 Conclusion 68 Acknowledgements 70 References 71 Appendix A: Speech-Stressor Details 78 Appendix B: Mental Arithmetic Stressor Details 79 Cognitive Control & Stress Regulation 4
Subjectivity of the Anomalous Sense of Self Is Represented in Gray Matter Volume in the Brain

The self includes complicated and heterogeneous functions. Researchers have divided the self into three distinct functions called “agency,” “ownership,” and “narrative self”. These correspond to psychiatric symptoms, behavioral characteristics and neural responses, but their relationship with brain structure is unclear. This study examined the relationship between the subjectivity of self-related malfunctions and brain structure in terms of gray matter (GM) volume in 96 healthy people. They completed a recently developed self-reported questionnaire called the Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS) that measures self-related malfunctions. The ESSS has three subscales reflecting the three distinct functions of the self. We also determined the participants’ brain structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between ownership malfunction and the insular cortex GM volume. A relationship with brain structure could thus only be confirmed for the ESSS “ownership” subscale. This finding suggests that distinct brain structures feel ownership and that the ESSS could partly screen for distinct brain structures.
Prognostic significance of ischemic electrocardiographic changes during vasodilator stress testing in patients with normal SPECT images

Background. Patients with ischemic electrocardiographic (ECG) findings during exercise stress testing but normal perfusion images generally have a low risk of cardiac death or myocardial infarction (>1% per year). During vasodilator stress testing, however, the prognostic significance of the combination of normal perfusion images and ischemic ECG changes is unknown.Methods and Results. Among 5526 patients who underwent vasodilator stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 49 (0.9%) had normal images but ischemic ECG changes. A unique feature of this population was that 43 (88%) were women with a mean age of 67 ± 10 years. Ischemic ECG changes occurred at a mean heart rate of 101 ± 15 beats per minute and persisted for 6.8 ± 4.7 minutes after termination of drug infusion. During follow-up of 28 ± 20 months, cardiac death occurred in 2 patients and nonfatal myocardial infarction in 4 patients. The rate of cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction was 4% at 1 year, 10% at 2 years, and 14% at 3 years. Of the 12 patients who underwent coronary angiography or autopsy during follow-up, 11 had multivessel coronary artery disease, indicating that these patients likely had false-negative SPECT image results. Eight patients required coronary revascularization.Conclusions. The finding of ischemic ECG changes with normal SPECT images during vasodilator infusion is uncommon, occurs primarily in older women, and is associated with a higher subsequent cardiac event rate than is customarily associated with normal images. (J Nucl Cardiol 2003;10:4-8.)
Synthesis, degradation, and in vitro cell responses of sodium phosphate glasses for craniofacial bone repair.

This report outlines the initial synthesis, degradation, and short-term biocompatibility of sodium phosphate glasses, for use in the drawing of fibers and manufacture of biodegradable composites. Biocompatibility studies were performed using a macrophage cell line and primary human craniofacial osteoblasts. Sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate glass synthesized for less than 1 h, resulted in a higher degradation rate than glass synthesized for 3 h or more (0.015 mg cm(-2) h(-1)). Glasses with high and low ratios of hydrogen phosphate to dihydrogen phosphate had very similar degradation rates. A condensation route for the formation of the glass should give rise to varying degradation rates with varying ratios of starting materials. It is suggested that the degradation rate of the glass is independent of the concentrations of the initial reagents and that ring-opening polymerization, which reaches an equilibrium state, occurs. Biocompatibility studies suggest minimal macrophage activation (low levels of peroxide and interleukin-1beta release and rounded morphology) and high osteoblast biocompatibility. The ultimate aim of our studies is to produce a biocompatible soluble phosphate glass that can be drawn into fibers for incorporation into a polycaprolactone matrix for craniofacial bone repair. This report demonstrates the successful production of a soluble glass, which is biocompatible with regard to osteoblasts and macrophages. Recent data from our laboratory have demonstrated successful fiber drawing and production of a novel polycaprolactone.
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and health outcomes five years after active intervention ended: the Women's Health Initiative.

BACKGROUND Clinical outcomes of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) calcium plus vitamin D supplementation trial have been reported during 7.0 years of active intervention. We now report outcomes 4.9 years after the intervention stopped and cumulative findings. METHODS Postmenopausal women (N=36,282) were randomized; postintervention follow-up continued among 29,862 (86%) of surviving participants. Primary outcomes were hip fracture and colorectal cancer. Breast cancer, all cancers, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and total mortality were predetermined major study outcomes. RESULTS Hip fracture incidence was comparable in the supplement and the placebo groups, postintervention hazard ratio (HR)=0.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI: 0.78, 1.15) and overall HR=0.91 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.05). Overall, colorectal cancer incidence did not differ between randomization groups, HR=0.95 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.13). Throughout, there also was no difference in invasive breast cancer, CVD, and all-cause mortality between groups. In subgroup analyses, the invasive breast cancer effect varied by baseline vitamin D intake (p=0.03 for interaction). Women with vitamin D intakes >600 IU/d, had an increased risk of invasive breast cancer, HR=1.28 (95% CI; 1.03, 1.60). Over the entire study period, in post hoc analyses, the incidence of vertebral fractures, HR=0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.98) and in situ breast cancers, HR=0.82 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.99) were lower among women randomized to supplementation. CONCLUSION After an average of 11 years, calcium and vitamin D supplementation did not decrease hip fracture or colorectal cancer incidence. Exploratory analyses found lower vertebral fracture and in situ breast cancer incidence in the supplement users. There was no effect on CVD or all-cause mortality.
Anatomy of a Homeoprotein Revealed by the Analysis of Human MODY3 Mutations*

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) is an atypical dimeric homeodomain-containing protein that is expressed in liver, intestine, stomach, kidney, and pancreas. Mutations in the HNF1α gene are associated with an autosomal dominant form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus called maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3). More than 80 different mutations have been identified so far, many of which involve highly conserved amino acid residues among vertebrate HNF1α. In the present work, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which MODY3 mutations could affect HNF1α function. For this purpose, we analyzed the properties of 10 mutants resulting in amino acid substitutions or protein truncation. Some mutants have a reduced protein stability, whereas others are either defective in the DNA binding or impaired in their intrinsic trans-activation potential. Three mutants, characterized by a complete loss of trans-activation, behave as dominant negatives when transfected with the wild-type protein. These data define a clear causative relationship between MODY3 mutations and functional defects in HNF1α trans-activation. In addition, our analysis sheds new light on the structure of a homeoprotein playing a key role in pancreatic β cell function.