Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of age and sex on mechanical ventilatory constraint and dyspnea during exercise in healthy humans.

We examined the effects of age, sex, and their interaction on mechanical ventilatory constraint and dyspnea during exercise in 22 older (age = 68 ± 1 yr; n = 12 women) and 22 younger (age = 25 ± 1 y, n = 11 women) subjects. During submaximal exercise, older subjects had higher end-inspiratory (EILV) and end-expiratory (EELV) lung volumes than younger subjects (both P < 0.05). During maximal exercise, older subjects had similar EILV ( P > 0.05) but higher EELV than younger subjects ( P < 0.05). No sex differences in EILV or EELV were observed. We noted that women had a higher work of breathing (Wb) for a given minute ventilation (V̇e) ≥65 l/min than men ( P < 0.05) and older subjects had a higher Wb for a given V̇e ≥60 l/min ( P < 0.05). No sex or age differences in Wb were present at any submaximal relative V̇e. At absolute exercise intensities, older women experienced expiratory flow limitation (EFL) more frequently than older men ( P < 0.05), and older subjects were more likely to experience EFL than younger subjects ( P < 0.05). At relative exercise intensities, women and older individuals experienced EFL more frequently than men and younger individuals, respectively (both P < 0.05). There were significant effects of age, sex, and their interaction on dyspnea intensity during exercise at absolute, but not relative, intensities (all P < 0.05). Across subjects, dyspnea at 80 W was significantly correlated with indexes of mechanical ventilatory constraint (all P < 0.05). Collectively, our findings suggest age and sex have significant impacts on Wb, operating lung volumes, EFL, and dyspnea during exercise. Moreover, it appears that mechanical ventilatory constraint may partially explain sex differences in exertional dyspnea in older individuals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that age and sex have a significant effect on mechanical ventilatory constraint and the perception of dyspnea during exercise. We also observed that the perception of exertional dyspnea is associated with indexes of mechanical ventilatory constraint. Collectively, our results suggest that the combined influences of age and biological sex on mechanical ventilatory constraint during exercise contributes, in part, to the increased perception of dyspnea during exercise in older women.
A Taxonomy of Social Networking Site Users: Social Surveillance and Self-surveillance Perspective

Since social networking sites (SNS) are widely used in modern society, users increasingly use SNS to manage or maintain their existing social relationships and form new ones. This research applies social surveillance and self-surveillance to classify SNS user types and explores each type's effect on SNS’ marketing performances. Three hundred three online questionnaires are collected to test the research questions. The results of cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) reveal the following four user types based on the different degrees of social surveillance and self-surveillance: versatile users, self-expression users, pass-along users, and introvert users. Further, the introvert users have the least impact on product-related information sharing, perception of social presence, purchase intention toward offers on SNS, and emotional experiences in social shopping among the four SNS user types.
Media, Gender and Identity: An Introduction

Acknowledgements Picture credits 1. Introduction 2. Some background debates 3. Representations of gender in the past 4. Representations of gender today 5. Giddens, modernity and identity 6. Michel Foucault: lifestyle analyst 7. Queer theory and fluid identities 8. Men's magazines and modern male identities 9. Women's magazines and female identities today 10. Directions for living: Role models, pop music and self-help discourses 11. Conclusions: References.
Growth retardation and tumour inhibition by BRCA1

Inherited mutations in BRCA1 predispose to breast and ovarian cancer, but the role of BRCA1 in sporadic breast and ovarian cancer has previously been elusive. Here, we show that retroviral transfer of the wild-type BRCA1 gene inhibits growth in vitro of all breast and ovarian cancer cell lines tested, but not colon or lung cancer cells or fibroblasts. Mutant BRCA1 has no effect on growth of breast cancer cells; ovarian cancer cell growth is not affected by BRCA1 mutations in the 5′ portion of the gene, but is inhibited by 3′ BRCA1 mutations. Development of MCF-7 tumours in nude mice is inhibited when MCF-7 cells are transfected with wild-type, but not mutant, BRCA1. Most importantly, among mice with established MCF-7 tumours, peritoneal treatment with a retroviral vector expressing wild-type BRCA1 significantly inhibits tumour growth and increased survival.
EFEKTIFITAS METODE ROLE PLAYING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOSAKATA ANAK TUNARUNGU

The research was motivated by the problems faced by Deaf students grade IV / B in SLB Aur West Pasaman River State, the vocabulary of children with hearing impairment is very minimal. And in relation to others we must have sufficient vocabulary for people to communicate smoothly. To overcome these problems is necessary to find a way out, so that children are able to communicate with others. Effectiveness research objective method of role playing to enhance the vocabulary of children with hearing impairment grade IV / B in SLB River State Aur West Pasaman about buying and selling. Type of research is Quasi Experiment, one group pretest-posttest experimental design is implemented in one group without using the comparison group. The subjects were six fourth grade students Deaf / B in SLB Aur West Pasaman River State. Data obtained using the test works. Analysis of the data used is the Mann-Witney U test with test criteria Ha accepted if Uhit> Utab and Ha rejected if Uhit ≤ Utab the significant level of 95% or ɑ = 0.05. The results of data processing show Uhit = 3> Utab = 2, that is accepted and Ho Ha rejected. So, the results showed that the method Playing Effective Role to Increase Vocabulary Deaf Children Class IV / B in SLB Aur West Pasaman River State. For that the school should provide learning about the vocabulary to the child by using role playing so that children can socialize with other people.
«Bajo el casco de Hades»: menores migrantes no acompañadas como posibles víctimas de trata y su triple invisibilización

This text tackles the case of unaccompanied migrant minors in Spain in order to throw light on the specificities of their personal migration project, and the context where they live in. This text treats the gender perspective as a transversal one and deals with trafficking and human exploitation. Since the beginning of this century, the number of unaccompanied migrant minors has increased. Difficulties, already known, become worst for unaccompanied minors girls. Thus they are occasionally victims of organized criminal networks for sexual or labor exploitation or both
Sporadic bloody diarrhoea‐associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura‐haemolytic uraemic syndrome: an adult and paediatric comparison

Although diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children is well described, the clinical features of bloody diarrhoea‐associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)‐HUS in adults are not documented. Twenty‐one adults, 6·5% of the 322 adults in The Oklahoma TTP–HUS Registry, 1989–2006, have presented with bloody diarrhoea. There were no case clusters. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was identified in five patients, but many patients did not have appropriate studies. The annual incidence was 0·68/106, 10‐fold less than the incidence of diarrhoea‐associated HUS in children in Oklahoma. Two (13%) of 16 patients in whom ADAMTS13 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with a ThromboSpondin type 1 motif, member 13) was measured had <10% activity. Severe neurological abnormalities (67%) and renal failure (62%) were common; seven patients (33%) died; no survivors have relapsed. Compared to the 38 other Oklahoma Registry patients with ADAMTS13 <10%, frequency of severe neurological abnormalities and death was not different; frequency of renal failure was greater; frequency of relapse was less. Compared to 5999 children with sporadic diarrhoea‐associated HUS in published reports, frequency of renal failure and relapse was not different; frequency of severe neurological abnormalities and death was greater (P < 0·05 for all differences). Awareness of the continuous occurrence of sporadic bloody diarrhoea‐associated TTP–HUS in adults is important for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.
A Similarity Model and Segmentation Algorithm for White Matter Fiber Tracts

Recently, fiber segmentation has become an emerging technique in neuroscience. Grouping fiber tracts into anatomical meaningful bundles allows to study the structure of the brain and to investigate onset and progression of neurodegenerative and mental diseases. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for fiber tracts based on shape similarity and connection similarity. For shape similarity, we propose some new techniques adapted from existing similarity measures for trajectory data. We also propose a new technique called Warped Longest Common Subsequence (WLCS) for which we additionally developed a lower-bounding distance function to speed up the segmentation process. Our segmentation is based on an outlier-robust density-based clustering algorithm. Extensive experiments on diffusion tensor images demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our technique.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN DAN KEMAMPUANMENULIS CERITA PENDEK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PETA PIKIRAN (MIND MAPPING) PADA SISWA KELAS IX A SMP NEGERI 9 PONTIANAK

The purposes of this class action research are to: (1) improve the quality of short stories writing learning with mind mapping methods, and (2) improve the short story writing skill with mind mapping method. This study is Classroom Action Research, which is research type that a form of cooperation or collaboration between researchers, teachers, and students. Classroom Action research was carried out three cycles. Each cycle of two meetings, this includes four stages: (1) action planning, (2) the implementation of action, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. The subjects were students and teachers of class IX SMP Negeri 9 Pontianak. Data collection techniques used is observation, interviews, tests, and questionnaires. The data validity test used triangulation of data sources and methods. Data analysis techniques used analytical techniques of comparative descriptions, and critical, by comparing the improvement of processes and outcomes in each cycle with success performance indicators that has been set. Based on these results it can be concluded that the mind mapping method, can improve the quality of the learning process, and the results of short story writing skill of students class IX SMP Negeri 9 Pontianak. It can be seen through some of the indicators are as follows: (1) increase the quality of learning process to write short stories, which is characterized by: (a) increasing students’ interest to participating in the study, (b) increasing the teacher’s ability of to generate the student’s interest, (c) increasing the teacher’s ability to implement mind mapping methods in the learning, (d) increasing the teacher’s ability to manage the classroom, and (e) increasing the teacher’s ability to overcome some obstacles of short stories writing learning, and (2) increasing the students’ ability to write a short story from each cycle were implemented, such as the average value of pre cycle is 63,14, increased in the first cycle (66,71), second cycle (72,29) and third cycle (77,43). The value increase has met the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) set is 70. Keywords: teaching quality, short stories writing competence, short stories, and
The Division of Labour in Society

Preface to this edition, by Steven Lukes. - Introduction to the 1984 edition, by Lewis Coser. - Introduction to this edition, by Steven Lukes. - Durkheim's Life and Work: Timeline 1858-1917. - Suggestions for Further Reading. - Original Translator's Note. - The Division of Labour in Society by Emile Durkheim. - Preface to the First Edition (1893) . - Preface to the Second Edition (1902) . - Introduction . - PART I: THE FUNCTION OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR. - 1. The Method of Determining This Function . - 2. Mechanical Solidarity, or Solidarity by Similarities. - 3. Solidarity Arising from the Division of Labour, or Organic Solidarity. - 4. Another Proof of the Preceding Theory. - 5. The Increasing Preponderance of Organic: Solidarity and its Consequences. - 6. The Increasing Preponderance of Organic: Solidarity and its Consequences (cont.). - 7. Organic Solidarity and Contractual Solidarity. - PART II: THE CAUSES AND CONDITIONS. - 8. The Progress of the Division of Labour and of Happiness. - 9. The Causes. - 10. Secondary Factors. - 11. Secondary Factors (cont.). - 12. Consequences of the Foregoing. - PART III: THE ABNORMAL FORMS. - 13. The Anomic Division of Labour. - 14. The Forced Division of Labour. - 15. Another Abnormal Form. - Conclusion. - Original Annotated Table of Contents.
Gene polymorphism and HLA‐G expression in patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A pilot study

Human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) presents inhibitory functions in immune cells and is located in a chromosomal region associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility. Polymorphisms in 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of HLA‐G gene may influence protein expression. To date, no study analyzing HLA‐G polymorphism and expression in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) has been conducted. Therefore, we investigated the influence of HLA‐G 3′UTR polymorphisms in 50 cSLE patients and 144 healthy controls. For the expression analysis, the control group included 26 healthy individuals. No significant difference in allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies was observed between patients and control group. However, both the 14 bp deletion allele (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17‐6.52, P = .028) and the 14 bp deletion‐deletion genotype (OR = 8.00, 95% CI = 1.57‐40.65, P = .006) showed an association with lupus nephritis. After Bonferroni correction, none P‐value remained statistically significant. Regarding HLA‐G expression, no significant difference was observed between plasma levels of cSLE patients (56.02 U/mL, interquartile range [IQR] = 37.54‐75.41) and control group (49.2 U/mL, IQR = 27.84‐154.4, P = .952). However, when the patients were stratified according to clinical manifestations, patients with hematological manifestations showed a lower plasma concentration of soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) (47.08 U/mL, IQR = 34.15‐61.56) than patients with no hematological manifestations (65.26 U/mL, IQR = 47.69‐102.60, P = .013). These results suggest that HLA‐G polymorphism has small effect on cSLE susceptibility and that sHLA‐G may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Supplemental Instruction for Non-Science Majors Biology Students: Meanings and Influences on Science Identities for Women

The purpose of this study was to examine the meanings women make of their participation in a Supplemental Instruction (SI) program associated with a postsecondary non-majors biology course. Interview and survey data were utilized to determine why women attended SI, the affordances provided by regular SI participation, how women depicted the learning environment of SI, and how women described science as they experienced it in SI. Additional interviews were conducted with a sub-population of participants who regularly utilized SI to provide an understanding of the role SI participation played in terms of access to science identities for women who changed their majors, minors, or concentration within an education major to biology as a result of their experiences in non-majors biology and SI. The results of this study suggest that the SI experience provides more than just a means to increase grades for women who participate regularly. The supportive and safe climate of the SI environment set a comfort level for women that increased their competence and confidence in biology. The SI experience increased interest in biology and afforded the opportunity for women to be recognized by others, and to recognize themselves, for their science abilities. Additionally, for a small number of women, their experiences in non-majors biology and SI facilitated a shift in science identities that led the women to immigrate into science.
Peer Firms in Relative Performance Evaluation

Relative performance evaluation (RPE) in CEO compensation provides insurance against external shocks and yields a more informative measure of CEO actions. I argue that empirical evidence on the use of RPE is mixed because previous studies rely on a misspecified peer group. External shocks and flexibility in responding to the shocks are functions of, for example, the firm's technology, the complexity of the organization, and the ability to access external credit, which depend on firm size. When peers are composed of similar industry-size firms, evidence is consistent with the use of RPE in CEO compensation.
Conformational changes in Sindbis virus envelope proteins accompanying exposure to low pH

The attachment of high multiplicities of Sindbis virus to tissue-cultured cells followed by brief treatment at low pH has been shown to produce cell fusion (fusion from without). In this report, experiments to determine the effects of low pH on the physical and biological properties of Sindbis virus are described. Exposure of purified Sindbis virions to mildly acidic conditions resulted in a rapid and irreversible alteration in particle density and sedimentation characteristics, followed by a slower loss of infectivity. Infectivity was not restored by a return to neutral pH; rather, the loss of virus infectivity seemed to be initiated by exposure to low pH but continued at neutral pH. The formation of a virus-cell complex in which virions were attached to the cell surface protected the particles from low-pH inactivation, although low pH could still expose virus functions responsible for cell fusion. Low pH was found to induce a conformational change in the E2 polypeptide of the intact virion. These results are discussed with respect to the process of Sindbis virus infection of tissue-cultured cells.
The Role of Causal Attribution in Determining Group Members' Emotional Responses to Failure

Weiner's (1, 2) attribution theory of motivation and emotion was used as a framework for explaining reactions of group members to their failure in a cooperative task when the group caused this failure. The results of two studies utilizing a new paradigm in which dyads perform a cooperative task requiring the assembly of a structure using Lego blocks are reported. All dyads who failed the task received feedback about the cause of their failure, which varied along the causal dimensions of controllability and stability. Overall, results indicate that the emotional reactions and behavioral intentions following the failure, including ones related to the group's future, can be explained by the principles of attribution theory. This was true both for dyads comprising participants with minimal relationships between them (Study 1) and friends (Study 2). On the whole, the research extends the scope of attribution theory to causes that are construed at the group rather than the individual level and also provides an effective paradigm for the study of group failure and its consequences.
Tubulin interaction with kinetochore proteins: analysis by in vitro assembly and chemical cross-linking

The sera from patients with the CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) variation of the autoimmune disease scleroderma contain autoantibodies that specifically recognize the kinetochore by immunofluorescence. Two major antigens of molecular masses 18 and 80 kD are consistently identified by Western blotting of proteins of isolated chromosomes using CREST sera. In this paper, the possible roles that these two proteins play in the interaction of metaphase chromosomes with tubulin and microtubules are examined using two different procedures. In one set of experiments. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) chromosomes were extracted with 1-2 M NaCl before incubating with phosphocellulose- purified tubulin under in vitro microtubule assembly conditions. After this treatment, the kinetochores of the residual chromosome scaffolds can still initiate the in vitro assembly of microtubules. Immunoblots of the chromosome scaffold proteins demonstrate that the 18-kD protein has been solubilized by the 1-2 M NaCl extraction, suggesting that this protein is not essential for microtubule assembly at the kinetochore. In a second approach, tubulin was covalently cross-linked to kinetochores of CHO chromosomes using the reversible cross-linking reagent dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate). After DNase I digestion, the chromosomes were solubilized and subjected to anti-tubulin affinity chromatography. Tubulin-kinetochore protein complexes were specifically eluted and analyzed by PAGE and immunoblotting with scleroderma CREST serum. Only a small number of proteins were eluted from the antitubulin affinity column as shown by Coomassie Blue-stained gels. In addition to tubulin, an 80-kD polypeptide, bands at 110 and 24 kD, as well as a faint band at 54 kD, can be resolved. Several minor bands can also be seen in silver-stained gels. The 80-kD protein band from whole metaphase chromosomes reacted with scleroderma CREST serum by immunoblotting and therefore probably represents the major centromere antigen CENP-B. This report provides evidence for a specific protein complex on metaphase chromosomes that is contiguous with kinetochore- bound tubulin and may be involved in microtubule-kinetochore interactions during mitosis.
Ripples Make Waves: Binding Structured Activity and Plasticity in Hippocampal Networks

Establishing novel episodic memories and stable spatial representations depends on an exquisitely choreographed, multistage process involving the online encoding and offline consolidation of sensory information, a process that is largely dependent on the hippocampus. Each step is influenced by distinct neural network states that influence the pattern of activation across cellular assemblies. In recent years, the occurrence of hippocampal sharp wave ripple (SWR) oscillations has emerged as a potentially vital network phenomenon mediating the steps between encoding and consolidation, both at a cellular and network level by promoting the rapid replay and reactivation of recent activity patterns. Such events facilitate memory formation by optimising the conditions for synaptic plasticity to occur between contingent neural elements. In this paper, we explore the ways in which SWRs and other network events can bridge the gap between spatiomnemonic processing at cellular/synaptic and network levels in the hippocampus.
Differences in parent and teacher trust levels: Implications for creating collaborative family-school relationships

Abstract The purposes of this exploratory study were to determine differences in: (a) levels of trust between parents and teachers; (b) parent trust as a function of income, ethnicity, school site, type of services, and level of special education service; and (c) current level of involvement for high-, moderate-, and low-trust parent groups. Surprisingly little research that addresses trust in the parent-teacher relationship exists. Furthermore, trust is often treated as an important characteristic of family-school relationships. In this study, data were collected from parents and teachers of special and regular education students. One interesting finding, particularly for creating collaborative family-school relationships, is that parent trust is significantly higher than teacher trust. Five implications for school personnel to build trust between families and schools are described.