Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence and clinical pattern of the abdominal compartment syndrome after “damage-control” laparotomy in 311 patients with severe abdominal and/or pelvic trauma

Objective To investigate the incidence, main physiologic effects, and therapeutic management of the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) after severe abdominal and/or pelvic trauma. Design Retrospective analysis from January 1991 to December 1996; prospective study from January 1997 to August 1998. Setting Level I trauma center, intensive care unit. Patients A total of 311 patients with severe abdominal and/or pelvic trauma and “damage-control” laparotomy on day of admission. Interventions The ACS was defined as the development of significant respiratory compromise, including elevated inspiratory pressure of >35 mbar, a decreased Horowitz quotient (<150 torr [<20 kPa]), renal dysfunction (urine output, <30 mL/hr), hemodynamic instability necessitating catecholamines, and a rigid or tense abdomen. Beginning with January 1997, urinary bladder pressure as an additional variable for the diagnosis of ACS was continuously measured in patients (n = 12) at risk. Bladder pressures of >25 mm Hg indicated ACS. Measurements and Main Results Seventeen patients (5.5%) developed ACS because of persistent intra-abdominal/retroperitoneal bleeding (n = 12; 70.6%) or visceral edema (n = 5; 29.4%). All patients with ACS underwent primary fascial closure. In eight of these patients (47%), abdominal and/or pelvic packing for hemostasis was performed. All patients with ACS required decompressive emergency laparotomies because of physiologic derangements. The time between primary laparotomy and decompressive laparotomy was 12.9 ± 2.0 hrs. Emergency decompression of the abdomen resulted in a significant increase in the cardiac index (+146%), tidal volume (+133%), Horowitz quotient (+156%), and urine output (+1557%), whereas bladder pressure (−63%), heart rate (−19%), central venous pressure (−30%), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (−43%), peak airway pressure (−31%), partial pressure arterial carbon dioxide (−30%), and lactate (−40%) markedly (p < .05) decreased. In two multiply injured patients with additional head trauma, ACS caused a critical increase of the intracranial pressure, which markedly dropped after the release of abdominal tension. Conclusions Risk factors for the occurrence of ACS are severe abdominal and/or pelvic trauma, which require laparotomy and packing for the control of hemorrhage. The ACS occurs within hours and causes life-threatening physiologic derangements and a critical rise in intracranial pressure in patients with combined abdominal/pelvic and head trauma. Decompressive laparotomy immediately restores impaired organ functions. In patients at risk, the continuous measurement of urinary bladder pressure as a simple, noninvasive, and less expensive diagnostic tool for early detection of elevated intra-abdominal pressure is mandatory.
Looking for New Forms of Legitimacy in Asia

Through a rhetoric analysis of 776 projects from firms located in 22 Asian countries, the authors argue that companies are looking for new forms of legitimacy that cannot be completely explained using traditional management theories. The authors introduce political theory into the debate. First, this study proposes a three-approach model of legitimation: The first approach is based on the strategic rhetoric as a mechanism for achieving pragmatic legitimacy, the second one uses the institutional rhetoric for gaining cognitive legitimacy, and the third, the political approach, is one through which firms seek to obtain moral legitimacy. The political strategy is aimed at improving the discursive quality between corporations and their stakeholders. Second, since the motivation for differing legitimacy strategies should be understood within their institutional environment, the authors look for patterns within each strategy dependent on national, industry, and firm-specific characteristics.
Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Thai Women in Construction-Related Work

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms and its risk factors among women rebar workers. A simple random sampling method was used and data were collected by face-to-face interview and ergonomic assessment from February to March 2011. A total of 272 women rebar workers with at least 6 months’ job experience participated in this study. The findings revealed that 57.7% of workers reported musculoskeletal disorder symptoms with low back and shoulders as the most common body parts affected (46.0%). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated 2 variables that are significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders: prolonged working hours (adjusted odds ratio = 7.63; 95% confidence interval = 2.06-28.31) and awkward posture (adjusted odds ratio = 43.79; 95% confidence interval = 17.09-112.20). The high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among women rebar workers suggests that an appropriate ergonomic workstation design and ergonomic training for women rebar workers are necessary.
A systematic approach to investigating how information security and privacy can be achieved in BYOD environments

Purpose This paper’s purpose is to provide a current best practice approach that can be used to identify and manage bring your own device (BYOD) security and privacy risks faced by organisations that use mobile devices as part of their business strategy. While BYOD deployment can provide work flexibility, boost employees’ productivity and be cost cutting for organisations, there are also many information security and privacy issues, with some widely recognised, and others less understood. This paper focuses on BYOD adoption, and its associated risks and mitigation strategies, investigating how both information security and privacy can be effectively achieved in BYOD environments. Design/methodology/approach This research paper used a qualitative research methodology, applying the case study approach to understand both organisational and employee views, thoughts, opinions and actions in BYOD environments. Findings This paper identifies and understands BYOD risks, threats and influences, and determines effective controls and procedures for managing organisational and personal information resources in BYOD. Research limitations/implications The scope of this paper is limited to the inquiry and findings from organisations operating in Australia. This paper also suggests key implications that lie within the ability of organisations to adequately develop and deploy successful BYOD management and practices. Originality/value This paper expands previous research investigating BYOD practices, and also provides a current best practice approach that can be used by organisations to systematically investigate and understand how to manage security and privacy risks in BYOD environments.
The influence of an entrepreneur's socio‐cultural characteristics on the entrepreneurial orientation of small firms

Purpose – This paper seeks to examine the relationship between Turkish ethnic entrepreneurs' socio‐cultural characteristics (namely education, experience and religion) and the entrepreneurial orientation of their firms.Design/methodology/approach – The study collected data through 139 face‐to‐face structured interviews with Turkish ethnic entrepreneurs in London, UK.Findings – The study illustrates that educational attainment of an entrepreneur makes a positive impact on a firm's entrepreneurial orientation. Educational attainment equips business owners with the skills and reflective mindsets of understanding customers and responding to their needs. Previous business experience of the entrepreneur also impacts positively upon a firm's entrepreneurial orientation, while religion of the entrepreneur does not have a significant impact on the firm's entrepreneurial orientation.Research limitations/implications – This paper reports findings based on Turkish ethnic entrepreneurs in London. Therefore, care shoul.
Calculation of eddy current loss in axial field permanent-magnet machine with coreless stator

This paper presents a hybrid method for the calculation of eddy current loss in coreless stator axial field permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines. The method combines the use of two-dimensional finite element (FE) field analysis and the closed-form eddy loss formula. To account for three-dimensional field effects in an AFPM machine, a multilayer and multislice modeling technique has been devised. Experimental tests are carried out to validate the method. It is shown that the proposed method predicts the eddy current losses of a coreless stator AFPM machine with high accuracy.
Union Membership and Voting for Cope-Endorsed Candidates

The authors investigate whether, as commonly believed, union members and their families strongly support the political candidates endorsed by union leaders. Using 1978 data on U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, and gubernatorial races, they find that union members, and to a lesser extent the nonmembers in their families, were more likely to vote for candidates endorsed by the AFL-CIO's Committee on Political Education (COPE) than were individuals who did not belong to a union and lived in households containing no union members. The authors suggest several alternative explanations for this pattern of voting behavior and discuss the implications of their results for unions' political strategy.
Computer-assisted delivery of cognitive-behavioral therapy: efficacy and durability of CBT4CBT among cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone.

OBJECTIVE A previous pilot trial evaluating computer-based training for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT) in 77 heterogeneous substance users (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and opioids) demonstrated preliminary support for its efficacy in the context of a community-based outpatient clinic. The authors conducted a more definitive trial in a larger, more homogeneous sample. METHOD In this randomized clinical trial, 101 cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone were randomly assigned to standard methadone maintenance or methadone maintenance with weekly access to CBT4CBT, with seven modules delivered within an 8-week trial. RESULTS Treatment retention and data availability were high and comparable across the treatment conditions. Participants assigned to the CBT4CBT condition were significantly more likely to attain 3 or more consecutive weeks of abstinence from cocaine (36% compared with 17%; p<0.05, odds ratio=0.36). The group assigned to CBT4CBT also had better outcomes on most dimensions, including urine specimens negative for all drugs, but these reached statistical significance only for individuals completing the 8-week trial (N=69). Follow-up data collected 6 months after treatment termination were available for 93% of the randomized sample; these data indicate continued improvement for those assigned to the CBT4CBT group, replicating previous findings regarding its durability. CONCLUSIONS This trial replicates earlier findings indicating that CBT4CBT is an effective adjunct to addiction treatment with durable effects. CBT4CBT is an easily disseminable strategy for broadening the availability of CBT, even in challenging populations such as cocaine-dependent individuals enrolled in methadone maintenance programs.
Nationalism, social capital and economic empowerment: SANLAM and the economic upliftment of the Afrikaner people, 1918–1960

At the beginning of the twentieth century the Cape-based Afrikaner elite used their social networks to establish an insurance company to address their business aspirations as well as wider economic empowerment needs of poor Afrikaners. This contribution explores the operating dynamics of social capital of an elite portion of society to benefit the wider Afrikaner community, thereby establishing new networks among Afrikaners. By the second half of the twentieth century the South African Life Assurance Company (Sanlam) developed from a local Cape-based enterprise to a strong diversified corporation extending social capital from the limited elite group to Afrikaners in the wider context of South Africa. The networks among Afrikaners were the key to the successful development of Sanlam and associated companies.
A Model of the Commercial Loan Rate

This paper explores the theoretical and empirical determinants of the commercial loan rate charged by commercial banks based on a model of financial intermediary behavior which assumes monopolistic competition in asset and liability markets. The model incorporates the constraint that banks must maintain at least a minimum quantity of bonds in asset portfolios. Equations are estimated on a time series basis to explain the behavior of commercial loan rates over the period 1953 to 1980. The evidence appears consistent with the hypothesis that commercial banks operate in a market characterized by imperfect competition and that they explicitly set loan rates. THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE-SCALE ECONOMETRIC MODELS has focused attention on the operation of the commercial loan market because of the importance of commercial loan activity in the transmission of monetary policy. ' Moreover, it is commonly accepted that the quantity of commercial loans (or changes in these loans) has an important influence on the holding of free reserves by commercial banks, and this implies that the commercial loan market has an effect on the supply of money.2 Nevertheless, the determinants of commercial loan rates have drawn relatively little analytical attention. Previous work on the commercial loan market has generally focused on the question of whether this market is characterized by credit rationing.3 Most studies assume that the commercial loan market is generally competitive but at times the commercial loan rate does not clear the market, the quantity of loans transacted is constrained by the supply function, and commercial banks engage in nonprice rationing of customers. A corollary of this rationing hypothesis is that events in the deposit market have an important influence on the quantity of commercial loans.4 The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of the commercial
The Implementation of Innovative Management Accounting Systems

This paper reports on innovations in management accounting systems (MAS) in three Australian manufacturing enterprises. The study is based on the premise that systems characteristics of the MAS innovations develop in response to triggers for adoption, and the outcomes achieved from the innovative systems will depend on the effective implementation of the costing systems. The MAS innovations implemented include activity-based costing, activity-based management, benchmarking, integrated budgetary system, key performance indicators and balanced scorecards. Five factors influencing the successful implementation of innovative MAS are proposed: commitment to the initiatives; a successful pilot application; incremental development; appropriate training; and integration with other processes and systems.
Does Bank Monitoring Influence Loan Contract Terms?

We examine the impact of bank monitoring on loan contract terms using a new proxy for monitoring ability based on the labor input into monitoring. We show in out-of-sample tests that the proxy is a statistically and economically significant determinant of future loan quality. Accounting for clustering of observations by lead bank, and controlling for borrower characteristics, contract features and bank risk, we find a statistically significant direct relationship between monitoring ability and loan maturity and a statistically and economically significant direct relationship between monitoring ability and the loan yield spread. The relationships are particularly strong for working capital loans.
Nitrification in the Schelde estuary: methodological aspects and factors influencing its activity.

Abstract We present a 15-month dataset on nitrification measurements in the Schelde estuary (Belgium and The Netherlands). Nitrification was estimated using the N-serve sensitive dark (14)C-bicarbonate incorporation technique. A peak of nitrification activity was observed in the freshwater part of the estuary. Downstream from this peak, nitrification declined, probably because of ammonium limitation. A range of nitrification inhibitors was tested on both a Nitrosomonas europaea culture and estuarine samples. It was found that methyl fluoride and acetylene stimulated dark (14)C-bicarbonate incorporation and those inhibitors were therefore considered inappropriate nitrification inhibitors in combination with this technique. The effect of the inhibitor N-serve was studied on the dark incorporation of (13)C-bicarbonate into polar lipid derived fatty acids to further identify the dominant chemoautotrophic processes. Inhibition of polar lipid derived fatty acid labelling in the presence of N-serve was complete, suggesting that nitrifying bacteria dominated the chemoautotrophic community.
Macroscopically ordered water in nanopores

Water confined into the interior channels of narrow carbon nanotubes or transmembrane proteins forms collectively oriented molecular wires held together by tight hydrogen bonds. Here, we explore the thermodynamic stability and dipolar orientation of such 1D water chains from nanoscopic to macroscopic dimensions. We show that a dipole lattice model accurately recovers key properties of 1D confined water when compared to atomically detailed simulations. In a major reduction in computational complexity, we represent the dipole model in terms of effective Coulombic charges, which allows us to study pores of macroscopic lengths in equilibrium with a water bath (or vapor). We find that at ambient conditions, the water chains filling the tube are essentially continuous up to macroscopic dimensions. At reduced water vapor pressure, we observe a 1D Ising-like filling/emptying transition without a true phase transition in the thermodynamic limit. In the filled state, the chains of water molecules in the tube remain dipole-ordered up to macroscopic lengths of ≈0.1 mm, and the dipolar order is estimated to persist for times up to ≈0.1 s. The observed dipolar order in continuous water chains is a precondition for the use of nanoconfined 1D water as mediator of fast long-range proton transport, e.g., in fuel cells. For water-filled nanotube bundles and membranes, we expect anti-ferroelectric behavior, resulting in a rich phase diagram similar to that of a 2D Coulomb gas.
Implications of Output Price Risk and Operating Leverage for the Evaluation of Petroleum Development Projects

This paper is the first in a series that describes how Modem Asset Pricing (MAP) may be used for project evaluation in the upstream petroleum industry. It shows how MAP methods can be used to value a project, if it i's possible to split its cash-flows into two components: one for revenue and one for cost. Two design choices for a "now or never " natural gas field development are used as examples of what can be gained by this type of approach to project evaluation. The first choice involves a tradeoff between capital and operating costs, while the second involves a tradeoff between costs and potential production rate. The results show that the use of standard DCF methods can induce systematic, and possibly misleading, biases into the analyses that lie behind project design and selection.
Developing a Conceptual Model of Brand Equity in the Hotel Industry Based on Aaker's Perspective

This study examines the relationship among the components of customer-based brand equity in the U.S. lodging industry. Based on Aaker's assumption that the dimensions of brand equity have causal interrelationships and heighten the significance of their dependency on each other, twelve hypotheses were tested. A sample of travelers in a midwestern city in the U.S. was used. The results indicate that perceived quality is the strongest predictor when determining brand equity in the hotel industry.
Mormon demographic history II: the family life cycle and natural fertility

The concept of the family life-cycle has been central to a substantial body of literature in both demography and family history.1 Because the information necessary for a full description of the family life-cycle is often difficult to obtain in most of the studies made, twentieth-century perioddata have been used. Glick has provided a somewhat longer time series with his description of the life-cycle of the American family beginning with cohorts born during the latter part of the nineteenth century, although he was forced to use a combination of data sets and various estimation techniques.2 Even with the longer time series generated by Glick, it is fair to say that the portrait of the American family life-cycle which begins with cohorts of women born during the 1880s reflects a 'modern' pattern. This modern pattern emerges from an analysis of a population in which the life-cycle was strongly influenced by declining and controlled fertility, improving levels of infant survival and increasing parental life expectancy. Evidence of the nature of the family life-cycle in the United States under earlier and very different, demographic conditions is not in general available. ' It is difficult to estimate patterns of change in the family life-cycle for the entire American population during the nineteenth century, but it is feasible to secure estimates for segments of the American population. In this paper, for example, we shall deal largely with a frontier population. It is also a population which is unique in its high level of fertility, consequently providing us with an opportunity to examine the nature of the life-cycle under conditions of natural fertility. This paper is intended to achieve the following specific purposes: to extend the study of the family lifecycle to selected birth cohorts born in the United States during the nineteenth century (1800-69), arid to examine the features of the family life-cycle under conditions of high natural fertility.
Racial diversity, is it a blessing to an organization? Examining its organizational consequences in municipal police departments

The present study, with a focus on ethnic and racial diversity, tested an implicit assumption of diversity studies that diversified workforces perform better and bring more benefits to organizations. Using data from 464 police departments of cities with more than 50,000 residents, this study found decreased crime control performance and increased employee turnover as workforces became more diversified. According to the findings in this study, managers are advised to consider introducing diversity management practices to reduce negative results of being diverse while protecting and increasing the benefits derived from diversity to make diversified workforces help enhance organizational productivity. Points for practitioners According to the findings in this study, managers are advised to consider introducing diversity management practices to reduce negative results of being racially diverse while protecting and increasing the benefits derived from racial diversity to make diversified workforces help enhance organizational productivity.
Social orderings and the evaluation of public policy

A new approach to the evaluation of public policy has been proposed in the last decade. In consists of building orderings of the resource allocations based on efficiency, fairness and robustness properties. Then those orderings are maximized under the appropriate incentive compatibility constraints, in order to derive the appropriate public policy. We illustrate this approach in the case of production problems, which involves the production and cost sharing of a public good and the design of labor income taxation.