Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Feasibility of Implementing Cognitive Remediation for Work in Community Based Psychiatric Rehabilitation Programs

Objective: Adding cognitive remediation to vocational rehabilitation services improves cognitive and work functioning in people with serious mental illness, but despite interest, the uptake of cognitive programs into community services has been slow. This study evaluated the feasibility of implementing an empirically supported cognitive remediation program in routine rehabilitation services at 2 sites. Method: The Thinking Skills for Work (TSW) program was adapted for implementation at 2 sites of a large psychiatric rehabilitation agency providing prevocational services, but not community-based vocational services, which were provided off-site. Agency staff were trained to deliver TSW to clients with work or educational goals. Cognitive assessments were conducted at baseline and posttreatment, with work and school activity tracked for 2 years. Results: Eighty-three participants enrolled in TSW, of whom 79.5% completed at least 6 of the 24 computer cognitive exercise sessions (M = 16.7) over an average of 18 weeks. Participants improved significantly from baseline to posttreatment in verbal learning and memory, speed of processing, and overall cognitive functioning. Over the follow-up, 25.3% of participants worked and 47.0% were involved in work or school activity. Higher work rates were observed at the site where participants had easier access to vocational services. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The results support the feasibility of implementing the TSW program by frontline staff in agencies providing psychiatric rehabilitation, and suggest that ease of access to vocational services may influence work outcomes.
Merging cranial histology and 3D-computational biomechanics: a review of the feeding ecology of a Late Triassic temnospondyl amphibian

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a useful method for understanding form and function. However, modelling of fossil taxa invariably involves assumptions as a result of preservation-induced loss of information in the fossil record. To test the validity of predictions from FEA, given such assumptions, these results could be compared to independent lines of evidence for cranial mechanics. In the present study a new concept of using bone microstructure to predict stress distribution in the skull during feeding is put forward and a correlation between bone microstructure and results of computational biomechanics (FEA) is carried out. The bony framework is a product of biological optimisation; bone structure is created to meet local mechanical conditions. To test how well results from FEA correlate to cranial mechanics predicted from bone structure, the well-known temnospondyl Metoposaurus krasiejowensis was used as a model. A crucial issue to Temnospondyli is their feeding mode: did they suction feed or employ direct biting, or both? Metoposaurids have previously been characterised either as active hunters or passive bottom dwellers. In order to test the correlation between results from FEA and bone microstructure, two skulls of Metoposaurus were used, one modelled under FE analyses, while for the second one 17 dermal bone microstructure were analysed. Thus, for the first time, results predicting cranial mechanical behaviour using both methods are merged to understand the feeding strategy of Metoposaurus. Metoposaurus appears to have been an aquatic animal that exhibited a generalist feeding behaviour. This taxon may have used two foraging techniques in hunting; mainly bilateral biting and, to a lesser extent, lateral strikes. However, bone microstructure suggests that lateral biting was more frequent than suggested by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). One of the potential factors that determined its mode of life may have been water levels. During optimum water conditions, metoposaurids may have been more active ambush predators that were capable of lateral strikes of the head. The dry season required a less active mode of life when bilateral biting is particularly efficient. This, combined with their characteristically anteriorly positioned orbits, was optimal for ambush strategy. This ability to use alternative modes of food acquisition, independent of environmental conditions, might hold the key in explaining the very common occurrence of metoposaurids during the Late Triassic.
Comparison of bone and muscle growth in turkey lines selected for increased body weight and increased shank width.

A subline (FL) of a long-term growth-selected line (F) of turkeys was established by mass selecting solely for increased shank width at the narrowest point (dew claw). A comparison was made of bone and muscle growth in Line FL (fourth generation of selection), Line F (17th generation of selection), and a randombred control (RBC2, the base population of F) at 8, 16, and 20 wk of age. Also, a sample of the tibiotarsal and femur bones was studied histologically for evidence of pathological conditions. No significant pathological changes were observed in bones from turkeys of the different lines at the ages examined. Samples for histological study were taken at Day 1, 27, 56, 84, 112, and 140 posthatching. Genetic increases in body weight (F and FL lines) resulted in a significant decline in the relative amount of leg muscles from 16 to 20 wk of age while in Line RBC2 the relative amount of leg muscles increased slightly from 16 to 20 wk of age. This resulted in a significant line x age interaction. No significant differences in the amount of leg muscles were detected between turkeys of Lines F and FL. Amount of breast muscles increased consistently with age in all lines. Amount of breast muscles (absolute and as a percentage of body weight) was larger in Line F than in the FL and RBC2 lines. The actual weight of the breast muscles was larger in Line FL than in the RBC2 line but as a percentage of body weight there was no significant difference. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of a buffered propionic acid in diets on the performance of broiler chickens and on microflora of the intestine and carcass.

A buffered propionic acid (BPA) was added to broiler diets fed in floor pens with litter. The BPA was fed continuously at 0, . 2, . 4, and . 8% in Trial 1 and at 0 and . 4% in Trial 2. The BPA was also fed at . 4% for the last 7 days in Trial 2. Natural salmonellae exposure versus periodic dosage with Salmonella typhimurium was compared in Trial 2. In Trial 1, the BPA supplement had no adverse effects on growth, feed utilization, or abdominal fat with a significant (P less than or equal to .05) increase in the female dressing value at . 8% of buffered propionic acid. The total number of coliforms and of Escherichia coli in the duodenum were significantly reduced by . 4% BPA; in the jejunum, by all levels used in the trials; and in the ileum, by . 4% and . 8% of buffered propionic acid. The intestinal pH was not influenced by the BPA addition. In Trial 2, the BPA at . 4% fed continuously had no adverse effect on growth, feed utilization, the abdominal fat of females, or the dressing percentage of males while significantly reducing the abdominal fat for males and increasing the dressing percentage for females. Feeding . 4% BPA for the last 7 days had no effect on any of these parameters. Periodic dosage with S. typhimurium had no effect on body weight, feed utilization, or abdominal fat and significantly increased the dressing percentage. There was a significant interaction between the Salmonella dosage and the time of feeding BPA on dressing percentage. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The digestibility of cell-wall polysaccharides from wheat (bran or whole grain), soybean meal, and white lupin meal in cockerels, muscovy ducks, and rats.

The digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) were measured in cockerels. Muscovy ducks, and rats by using four diets where the only sources of NSP were wheat bran (Diet B), whole wheat grain (Diet W), soybean meal (Diet S), or white lupin meal (Diet L). The four diets contained similar amounts of crude protein (24.4%), lipids (5.2%), and NSP (6.9%). The proportions of water-soluble NSP in total NSP were 11.1% (Diet B), 19.7% (Diet W), 8% (Diet S), and 11.5% (Diet L). The NSP contents of feed and excreta were determined by measuring their individual sugars, using gas-liquid chromatography of alditol acetate derivatives. The digestibility values of NSP ranged from 21.9% (Diet W) to 13% (Diet L) for cockerels, from 18.7% (Diet W) to 7.9% (Diet L) for ducks, and from 85.7% (Diet L) to 44.1% (Diet B) for rats. These results suggest that cockerels and ducks were only able to digest the water-soluble fraction of the nonstarch polysaccharides. The pectic polymers, which were major components in water-insoluble NSP of Diets S and L, were digested to a high extent by the rats. The digestible-energy (DE) values, calculated for the birds from the apparent metabolizable-energy values corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn), were very similar when cockerels and ducks were compared; the differences between bird species did not exceed . 23 MJ per kg of dry matter. In all cases, the DE values were higher for rats than for birds. These results suggested that the main factor responsible for the differences in DE values between rats and birds was the ability to digest NSP, which was higher for the rats than for the birds.
Treatment of severe skin and soft tissue infections: a review

Purpose of review To review the salient features of the management of severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), including toxic shock syndrome, myonecrosis/gas gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis. Recent findings For severe SSTIs, intensive care, source control, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials are required for the initial phase of illness. There is an increasing focus on the utility of rapid diagnostic tests to help in selection and de-escalation of antimicrobials for SSTIs. In addition, clinical prediction scores have shown promise in helping predict patients who do not require antimicrobials directed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Immune status has been shown to be important in clinical outcomes of some, but not all types of SSTIs. The debate for benefits of intravenous immunoglobulin continues to be waged in the recent literature. Summary Severe SSTIs are common and their management complex due to regional variation in predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns, as well variations in host immune responses. Unique aspects of care for severe SSTIs are discussed including the role of surgical consultation and source control. The unique features of SSTIs in immunocompromised hosts are also described.
Amendment history : Corrigendum ( September 2017 ) The U 2 AF 1 S 34 F mutation induces lineage-specific splicing alterations in myelodysplastic syndromes

Mutations of the splicing factor–encoding gene U2AF1 are frequent in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a myeloid malignancy, and other cancers. Patients with MDS suffer from peripheral blood cytopenias, including anemia, and an increasing percentage of bone marrow myeloblasts. We studied the impact of the common U2AF1S34F mutation on cellular function and mRNA splicing in the main cell lineages affected in MDS. We demonstrated that U2AF1S34F expression in human hematopoietic progenitors impairs erythroid differentiation and skews granulomonocytic differentiation toward granulocytes. RNA sequencing of erythroid and granulomonocytic colonies revealed that U2AF1S34F induced a higher number of cassette exon splicing events in granulomonocytic cells than in erythroid cells. U2AF1S34F altered mRNA splicing of many transcripts that were expressed in both cell types in a lineage-specific manner. In hematopoietic progenitors, the introduction of isoform changes identified in the U2AF1S34F target genes H2AFY, encoding an H2A histone variant, and STRAP, encoding serine/threonine kinase receptor–associated protein, recapitulated phenotypes associated with U2AF1S34F expression in erythroid and granulomonocytic cells, suggesting a causal link. Furthermore, we showed that isoform modulation of H2AFY and STRAP rescues the erythroid differentiation defect in U2AF1S34F MDS cells, suggesting that splicing modulators could be [. ] Research Article Hematology
Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Four Meliaceae Species and Comparative Analyses

The Meliaceae family mainly consists of trees and shrubs with a pantropical distribution. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of four Meliaceae species were sequenced and compared with each other and with the previously published Azadirachta indica plastome. The five plastomes are circular and exhibit a quadripartite structure with high conservation of gene content and order. They include 130 genes encoding 85 proteins, 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. Inverted repeat expansion resulted in a duplication of rps19 in the five Meliaceae species, which is consistent with that in many other Sapindales, but different from many other rosids. Compared to Azadirachta indica, the four newly sequenced Meliaceae individuals share several large deletions, which mainly contribute to the decreased genome sizes. A whole-plastome phylogeny supports previous findings that the four species form a monophyletic sister clade to Azadirachta indica within the Meliaceae. SNPs and indels identified in all complete Meliaceae plastomes might be suitable targets for the future development of genetic markers at different taxonomic levels. The extended analysis of SNPs in the matK gene led to the identification of four potential Meliaceae-specific SNPs as a basis for future validation and marker development.
Isolating Sources of Disentanglement in VAEs

We decompose the evidence lower bound to show the existence of a term measuring the total correlation between latent variables. We use this to motivate our $\beta$-TCVAE (Total Correlation Variational Autoencoder), a refinement of the state-of-the-art $\beta$-VAE objective for learning disentangled representations, requiring no additional hyperparameters during training. We further propose a principled classifier-free measure of disentanglement called the mutual information gap (MIG). We perform extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments, in both restricted and non-restricted settings, and show a strong relation between total correlation and disentanglement, when the latent variables model is trained using our framework.
Facile Quantification and Identification Techniques for Reducing Gases over a Wide Concentration Range Using a MOS Sensor in Temperature-Cycled Operation

Dedicated methods for quantification and identification of reducing gases based on model-based temperature-cycled operation (TCO) using a single commercial MOS gas sensor are presented. During high temperature phases the sensor surface is highly oxidized, yielding a significant sensitivity increase after switching to lower temperatures (differential surface reduction, DSR). For low concentrations, the slope of the logarithmic conductance during this low-temperature phase is evaluated and can directly be used for quantification. For higher concentrations, the time constant for reaching a stable conductance during the same low-temperature phase is evaluated. Both signals represent the reaction rate of the reducing gas on the strongly oxidized surface at this low temperature and provide a linear calibration curve, which is exceptional for MOS sensors. By determining these reaction rates on different low-temperature plateaus and applying pattern recognition, the resulting footprint can be used for identification of different gases. All methods are tested over a wide concentration range from 10 ppb to 100 ppm (4 orders of magnitude) for four different reducing gases (CO, H2, ammonia and benzene) using randomized gas exposures.
Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on egg production, eggshell quality, and mineral retention of laying hens fed different levels of phosphorus.

A 20-wk feeding trial (21 to 40 wk of age) was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation on egg production, egg quality, nutrient retention, and P excretion of laying hens fed diets containing different levels of P. Nine hundred and sixty ISA Brown hens were randomly allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of four diets: corn-soybean diet (1.4% tricalcium phosphate, TCP) without (T1, control) and with phytase (T2); 0.7% TCP (T3) or 0% TCP (T4) diet with phytase. Dietary microbial phytase was added at a level of 500 U/kg. Both hen-day and hen-housed egg production of T2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than other treatments, which were not different among themselves. Egg weights were also significantly (P < 0.05) different among treatments ,with T2 being the highest. Feed consumption of T2 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than other treatments but feed conversion ratio was not significantly different from others. Specific gravity and shell thickness of the eggs were highest in the control (T1) but eggshell strength and broken egg to total egg ratio were not different among treatments. Haugh units were not different among treatments. Retention of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, and Zn were greater (P < 0.05) in phytase-supplemented groups. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in excretion of ash, P, and Zn. The excretion of these components were highest in the control, whereas P excretion was significantly lower in the T3 and T4 groups. In conclusion, supplementation of the microbial phytase to normal corn-soybean diet improved egg production and can reduce TCP level in the diet without affecting egg production and egg quality. Significant reduction of P excretion can be also achieved.
Can One Escape Red Chains?: Regular Path Queries Determinacy is Undecidable

For a given set of queries (which are expressions in some query language) Q = {Q1, Q2, . Qk} and for another query Q0 we say that Q determines Q0 if -- informally speaking -- for every database D, the information contained in the views Q(D) is sufficient to compute Q0(D). Query Determinacy Problem is the problem of deciding, for given Q and Q0. whether Q determines Q0. Many versions of this problem, for different query languages, were studied in database theory. In this paper we solve a problem stated in [CGLV02] and show that Query Determinacy Problem is undecidable for the Regular Path Queries -- the paradigmatic query language of graph databases.
Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more cost-effective than delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis

Background This economic evaluation quantifies the cost-effectiveness of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) in the management of acute cholecystitis. The two interventions were assessed in terms of outcome measures, including utilities, to derive quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) as a unit of effectiveness. This study hypothesizes that ELC is more cost-effective than DLC. Materials and methods In this economic evaluation, existing literature was compiled and analyzed to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of ELC versus DLC. Six randomized controlled trials were used to schematically represent the probabilities of each decision tree branch. To calculate health outcomes, quality of life scores were sourced from three articles and multiplied by the expected length of life postintervention to give QALYs. From an National Health Service (NHS) perspective, one QALY may be sacrificed if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is above £20,000–£30,0000 in cost savings. Results This economic evaluation calculated the average net present values of ELC to be £3920 and DLC to be £4565, demonstrating that ELC is the less-expensive intervention, with potential cost savings of £645 per operation. When scaling these savings up to a population approximately comparable to the size of the UK, full-scale implementation of ELC rather than DLC will potentially save the NHS £30,000,000 per annum. Conclusion ELCs are cost-effective from the perspective of the NHS. As such, policy should review existing guidelines and consider the merits of ELC versus DLC, improving resource allocation. The findings of this article advocate that ELC should become a standard practice.
Causal evidence for lateral prefrontal cortex dynamics supporting cognitive control

The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is essential for higher-level cognition, but how interactions among LPFC areas support cognitive control has remained elusive. In previous work, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of fMRI data revealed that demands on cognitive control elicited a convergence of influences towards mid LPFC. We proposed that these findings reflect the integration of abstract, rostral and concrete, caudal influences to inform context-appropriate action. Here, we provide a causal test of this model using continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS). cTBS was applied to caudal, mid, or rostral LPFC, as well as a control site in counterbalanced sessions. In most cases, behavioral modulations resulting from cTBS could be predicted based upon the direction of influences within the previously estimated DCM. However, inconsistent with our DCM, we found that cTBS to caudal LPFC impaired cognitive control processes presumed to involve rostral LPFC. Revising the original DCM with a pathway from caudal LPFC to rostral LPFC significantly improved the fitted DCM and accounted for the observed behavioral findings. These data provide causal evidence for LPFC dynamics supporting cognitive control and demonstrate the utility of combining DCM with causal manipulations to create, test, and refine models of cognition.
Studies on microstructure and mechanical properties of keyhole mode Nd:YAG laser welded Inconel 625 and duplex stainless steel, SAF 2205

This article addresses the metallurgical and mechanical properties of Nd:YAG laser welded Inconel 625 and duplex stainless steel SAF 2205. Keyhole plasma mode laser welding was adopted to obtain the joints. Microstructure studies showed slight grain coarsening at the heat affected zone of Inconel 625. Line mapping and elemental mapping analysis were carried out at the weld interface and in the fusion zone to examine the elemental migration as well as the composition of the phases present in these regions. The fusion zone microstructure showed the presence of Nb, Mo rich Laves phase segregated at the interdendritic arms. Tensile studies corroborated that an average joint strength of 820 MPa has been displayed by these weldments, which was almost equal to one of the parent metals, SAF 2205. It is evident from the charpy v-notch studies that the impact toughness of these laser weldments was found to be 10 J and this low toughness could be reasoned out to the formation of Mo rich phases. The structure–property relationships of these weldments have been addressed in detail and the outcomes of the study will be highly useful for marine and geothermal applications.
Brown adipose tissue does not seem to mediate metabolic adaptation to overfeeding in men

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat in response to cold, and low BAT activity has been linked to obesity. However, recent studies were inconclusive as to whether BAT is involved in diet‐induced thermogenesis and mitigates weight gain from prolonged overeating. Therefore, this study investigated whether BAT activity is related to metabolic adaptation arising from 8 weeks of overfeeding in humans.