Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First record of Neoempheria Osten Sacken (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) biology in the Neotropical region, with associations between its larvae and fungi

Abstract Background Members of the family Mycetophilidae (Diptera) have life cycles that are typically associated with fungus. Their biology is relatively well known in the Palaearctic, though other regions are poorly known, and there are no associations recorded between mycetophilid immatures and fungi in the Neotropical region. Here we report the first association between a mycetophilid—Neoempheria puncticoxa Edwards—and fungi in this region. Immatures of N. puncticoxa were collected on fungi and some were reared in the laboratory until adult emergence. The immature stages and adult of N. puncticoxa are described and re-described respectively, and high resolution images and illustrations of the habitus, wings, thorax, male and female terminalia, immatures, and in situ specimens are given. New information We report the first association between Mycetophilidae and fungi in the Neotropical region.
Effects of oral administration of levothyroxine sodium on serum concentrations of thyroid gland hormones and responses to injections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in healthy adult mares.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of levothyroxine sodium (L-T4) on serum concentrations of thyroid gland hormones and responses to injections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in euthyroid horses. ANIMALS 12 healthy adult mares. PROCEDURE 8 horses received an incrementally increasing dosage of L-T4 (24, 48, 72, or 96 mg of L-T4/d) for weeks 1 to 8. Each dose was provided for 2 weeks. Four additional horses remained untreated. Serum concentrations of total triiodothyronine (tT3), total thyroxine (tT4), free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in samples obtained at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8; 1.2 mg of TRH was then administered i.v. , and serum concentrations of thyroid gland hormones were measured 2 and 4 hours after injection. Serum reverseT3 (rT3) concentration was also measured in the samples collected at weeks 0 and 8. RESULTS Treated horses lost a significant amount of weight (median, 19 kg). Significant treatment-by-time effects were detected for serum tT3, tT4, fT3, fT4, and TSH concentrations, and serum tT4 concentrations were positively correlated (r, 0.95) with time (and therefore dosage) in treated horses. Mean +/- SD serum rT3 concentration significantly increased in treated horses (3.06 +/- 0.51 nmol/L for week 8 vs 0.74 +/- 0.22 nmol/L for week 0). Serum tT3, tT4, fT3, and TSH concentrations in response to TRH injections differed significantly between treated and untreated horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of levothyroxine sodium increased serum tT4 concentrations and blunted responses toTRH injection in healthy euthyroid horses.
The Parts and Wholes of Arithmetic Story Problems: Developing Knowledge in the Preschool Years

A study of 4- and 5-year-old children's arithmetic problem solving provided evidence for the early development of knowledge about part-whole relations. The study compared children's performance on initial-unknown and final-unknown problems involving the addition or subtraction of a single item. Four-year-olds responded in a directionally appropriate way to the final-unknown problems but not to the corresponding initial-unknown ones, supporting the idea that their problem solving is constrained by the temporal sequence of events in a story problem. By 5 years of age, children were able to give directionality appropriate responses to both the final-unknown and the initial-unknown problems.
Constant-curvature loss in monomode fibers: an experimental investigation.

A new technique for the measurement of constant-curvature (bend) loss as a function of bend radius is described, and it is shown that the influence of transition (microbend) losses can be essentially eliminated. Based on this technique and via the application of curve-fitting procedures and the Newton-Raphson method for two variables, a sensible equivalent step index can be obtained if stress-induced changes in the bent fiber are taken into account. However, the prediction of bend losses at other wavelengths is coarse, and it is shown that, for our fiber, agreement between theory and experiment can be considerably improved via an empirically deduced stress-induced dependence that is far stronger than predicted by published theory.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural China: results from Shandong Province

Objectives Hypertension is an important public health problem in rural China with a rapidly increasing prevalence noted in recent years. This study estimates the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a rural population in Shandong Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Shandong Province, China, in April 2007 using multistage cluster sampling. A total of 16 364 rural residents aged 25 years and more were interviewed and examined. Two blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained using a standardized mercury sphygmomanometer after a 5-min seated rest. Information on history of hypertension was obtained using a standard questionnaire. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic BP (SBP) at least 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) at least 90 mmHg, and/or self-reported current use of antihypertensive medication. Results Overall, 43.8% of the population had hypertension. Among hypertensive patients, only 26.2% were aware of their hypertension, 22.2% were currently undergoing antihypertensive treatment, and 3.9% achieved BP control (<140/90 mmHg). Lack of knowledge about hypertension and the importance of BP control were associated with poor compliance with nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Conclusions In the study population, the prevalence of hypertension is high, but levels of awareness, treatment and control are unacceptably low. There is an urgent need for comprehensive integrated strategies to improve prevention, detection and treatment of hypertension in rural areas in Shandong Province, China.
Developing Student Competence in Self-Directed IEPs

Self-directed Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) allow students to assume leadership and become actively involved in the decisions made at their IEP meetings. This article describes how through direct instruction, social skills discussion, active practice, and role-playing students are prepared to facilitate their meeting. This active participation encourages empowerment and ownership by the student. Teacher attitude and support are critical to the success of the process. This training is an important tool in assisting teachers to promote their students to become self-advocates in their postsecondary decisions and responsibilities.
Communicator credibility, personality factors and customer responses to comparative advertising claims

Pre‐existing data on the personality characteristics of a sample of 392 people and how these individuals rated persons who communicated to them a fictitious comparative claim were related to changes in subjects’ evaluations of two businesses before and after the transmission of the false statement. Results suggest that personality factors and the esteem in which the message communicator is held may affect customer responsiveness to comparative advertising. However, asymmetric reactions were observed: respondents were more likely to increase their ratings of the business alleged to be superior in the comparative claim than they were to reduce their evaluations of the other enterprise. The results are consistent with earlier studies which concluded that comparative advertising exerts significant effects on consumer behaviour and that comparative claims can influence consumer evaluations of competing businesses or brands, even when there are no objective differences between them.
Association of Pharmacist Presence on Compliance with Advanced Cardiac Life Support Guidelines During In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

BACKGROUND: The pharmacist has many potential roles as part of the resuscitation team during cardiopulmonary arrest. Limited published research has evaluated the practice of advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) during in-hospital arrest. Recent reviews indicate that an audit of in-hospital resuscitation practices should be performed to guide future resuscitation training programs for hospital personnel. OBJECTIVE: To assess compliance with ACLS guidelines during in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest in a community teaching hospital and evaluate the association of compliance with the presence of a pharmacist on the resuscitation team. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the records of 74 consecutive in-hospital arrests occurring between January 1, 2003, and June 30, 2004, was conducted to evaluate compliance with American Heart Association ACLS guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 74 arrests were evaluated. Noncompliance was noted in 58.1% of all documented arrests; of the 650 treatment interventions identified, 10.6% were noncompliant with ACLS guidelines. The reasons cited for noncompliance included an incorrect medication dosage (20.3%), prolonged period of time between sequential interventions (26.1%), omission of an indicated treatment (17.4%), deviation from recommended treatment guidelines (26.1%), and incorrect energy for defibrillation (10.1%). A pharmacist was present at 36.5% of documented arrests. Compliance with ACLS treatment guidelines was more likely during resuscitations in which a pharmacist was present (59.3% vs 31.9%; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Noncompliance with resuscitation guidelines was common during in-hospital resuscitation. The presence of a pharmacist on the resuscitation team was associated with improved compliance with treatment guidelines. Despite institutional requirements for pharmacist participation during resuscitation efforts, participation rates remain low. Further evaluation of the role of the pharmacist on the resuscitation team and the impact of the pharmacist on resuscitation practices should be considered.
A tramp abroad chronicles motivation, self-efficacy, and attempts to theorize culture and creativity1

The paper works organically from unique experiences the authors have teaching abroad with other trained teachers and scholars and in diverse contexts. It considers the culture and creativity literature, fundamental and relevant mechanisms in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages and educational psychology, and suggests a relational theory for culture and creativity grounded in research and theory in psychology. Among other things, the paper includes discussions of Bandura, motivation, and self-efficacy. The authors provide real experiences, interaction with the literature, and pragmatic thinking about teaching for which many scholars have called.
An Analysis of World Record Times of Men and Women in Running, Skating, and Swimming

This article compares the athletic performances of men and women based on world record times for various distance events in swimming, running, and skating. The ratio of women's to men's time against years is modeled through a modified exponential distribution. Rate of improvement was found to be higher for women in the three sports. Though men's absolute performance is generally superior, the disparity diminishes with increasing distance. It is likely that women's increased participation in all sports over the last 30 years is a primary reason for this observed increased rate of improvement.
var IaTIOn In LEaF PHOTOSYnTHETIC TraITS OF WILd CHErrY (P runus avium L.) FaMILIES In a nUrSEr Y TrIaL VARIJABILNOST FOTOSINTETIČKIH OSOBINA LISTA PORODICA DIVLJE TREŠNJE (Prunus avium L.) U RASADNIČKOM POKUSU

Summary: The paper presents the results of investigation of variability of net photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) in one year old seedlings of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.), assessed in a nursery trial. Study involved 5 families of half-sib progenies which originate from the Northern part of Serbia (Vojvodina Province). The results showed significant differences among families in regards of stomatal conductance (0.163–0.256 mol m –2 s –1 ), transpiration (3.27–5.28 mmol m –2 s –1 ) and water use efficiency (1.98–3.80 μmol mmol −1 ) (p≤0.001), while differences regarding net photosynthesis (10.49–12.44 μmol m –2 s –1 ) were not statistically significant (p≤0.124). Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was performed in order to estimate multivariate relations among analyzed leaf photosyntetical traits. Families were separated by the first canonical axis (CD1), which described 82% of variability. Presence of differences in regards of E, gs and WUE indicate the possibility of choosing the best families for a breeding program.
CrowdPlanner: A Crowd-Based Route Recommendation System

CrowdPlanner -- a novel crowd-based route recommendation system has been developed, which requests human workers to evaluate candidates routes recommended by different sources and methods, and determine the best route based on the feedbacks of these workers. Our system addresses two critical issues in its core components: a) task generation component generates a series of informative and concise questions with optimized ordering for a given candidate route set so that workers feel comfortable and easy to answer; and b) worker selection component utilizes a set of selection criteria and an efficient algorithm to find the most eligible workers to answer the questions with high accuracy.
A Note on Metaphoric Thinking and Ideational Fluency

We report an empirical study of the relationship between metaphoric thinking and creativity. Arguing that the two should be related, we employed the Barron Symbolic Equivalence Test to assess such metaphoric-creative thinking. The other measure employed in the study was an abbreviated version of the Alternate Uses Test, designed to assess ideational fluency. We found, as predicted, a positive relationship between metaphoric thinking and creativity (ideational fluency).
Problems of Operationalizing Habits and Integrating Habits in Normative Decision‐Making Models1

This paper reports on a study, conducted in Bochum, Germany, involving 160 participants. Two research interests were combined in our study. The first aim was to integrate habit into the process of normative decision making to predict environmentally relevant behavior. Two approaches of implementing habits are analyzed and discussed. Both conceptualizing habitual and normative influences on behavior as excluding paths and integrating habit into the process of normative decision making are illustrated by data. With our approach, we intended to initialize a discussion about the consideration of habits in the context of normative decisions. The second aim was to develop and test different modifications of Verplanken's (Verplanken, Aarts, van Knippenberg, & van Knippenberg, 1994) response frequency measure (RFM) to improve the operational ization of habit. The modified forms of RFM were not more appropriate than the unmodified form. Therefore, we suggest using the unmodified RFM until there is an improved form available.
When Do States Follow the Laws of War?

The laws of war seek to regulate conduct during wartime. The record of compliance with these treaties is mixed. I explain compliance as the result of publicly accepted and so legally binding agreements that create incentives for the parties to enforce those agreements through reciprocity. Ratification by a democracy is a signal that it intends to abide by the treaty standard; those that ratify are more likely to comply. Ratification does not effect the behavior of nondemocracies, however. Ratification of the relevant treaty by both warring parties strengthens reciprocity. There is a hierarchy of average compliance across issues which matches the scope for violations by individuals on each issue, with greater scope for such violations corresponding to lower levels of compliance.
Narrative as self-portrait: Sociolinguistic constructions of identity

ABSTRACT The ability of narrative to verbalize and situate experience as text (both locally and globally) provides a resource for the display of self and identity. This article focuses on two stories told by Jewish-American women about troublesome issues in their families. Analysis of the language of the stories shows how they reveal aspects of the storytellers' agentive and epistemic selves; how they construct positions in their families (pivoting between solidarity and distance, the provision of autonomy, and the exercise of power); and how they display their social identities as mothers. The view of identity offered through narrative analysis is briefly compared with other methodological and theoretical perspectives on identity. (Narrative, self, identity, gender, family, speech acts)
Significance of the concentration gradients associated with dunite bodies in the Josephine and Trinity ophiolites

Detailed transects were sampled across dunite bodies in the Josephine and Trinity ophiolites. The major peridotite lithologies sampled in the Josephine transect are a sequence of dunite and harzburgite and in the Trinity transect a sequence of dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, and plagioclase lherzolite (DHL‐PL). Major, minor, and selected trace element abundances in olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and spinel were measured. The composition profile from the Josephine transect has revealed a concentration gradient near the dunite‐harzburgite contact. The composition profile from the Trinity transect has revealed several concentration gradients: two within the dunite, one in the harzburgite, and at least two in the plagioclase lherzolite. The composition profiles record complex histories of melt transport, melt‐rock reaction, and subsequent subsolidus reequilibration. Analyses of closure distance suggest that compositional variation trends for a majority of major and minor elements in olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and spinel reported in this study were magmatic in origin. Subsolidus reequilibration may reduce the range or magnitude of variations for the 2+ cations such as Fe and Mg in olivine and spinel and significantly redistribute Ca and Li in coexisting minerals. Numerical simulations exploring the coupling of diffusion and advection in a porous matrix were used to explain compositional variations across the peridotite sequences. Melt flow from the host harzburgite into the dunite produces composition gradients near the dunite‐harzburgite contacts similar to those from the Josephine transect. In contrast, melt flow from the dunite into the surrounding peridotite lithologies can produce concentration gradients similar to those observed in the Trinity transect. At least two chemically distinct episodes of melt flow within the same dunite channel system are proposed. Results from this study show that concentration gradients developed around the dunite‐harzburgite and DHL‐PL sequences can be used to infer part of the melt flow history of the dunite channel systems in the mantle. Results from this study and those from other ophiolite studies also demonstrate that concentration profiles in dunite and the surrounding peridotite lithologies are highly variable even among differing peridotite sequences within the same ophiolite, suggesting that the composition of instantaneous melt flowing through individual dunite channels is quite variable and the mantle source regions are heterogeneous.
Individual Heterogeneity, Nonlinear Budget Sets, and Taxable Income

Given the key role of the taxable income elasticity in designing an optimal tax system there are many studies attempting to estimate this elasticity. A problem with most of these studies is that strong functional form assumptions are used and that heterogeneity in preferences is not allowed for. Building on Blomquist and Newey (2002) we in this paper develop a nonparametric method to estimate expected taxable income as a function of a nonlinear budget set, taking multidimensional heterogeneity and optimization errors fully into account. We reduce the dimensionality of the problem by exploiting structure implied by utility maximization with piecewise linear convex budget sets. We apply the method to Swedish data and estimate for prime age males a significant net of tax elasticity of 0.6 and a significant income elasticity of -0.08.
An investigation into maladaptive personality functioning in Internet sex offenders

Abstract Psychopathology and maladaptive personality functioning are purported to play a significant role in the aetiology of sexual offending (e.g. Ahlmeyer et al., 2003; Murray, 2000). The present study examined whether this applied to those individuals who commit sexual offences against children via the Internet. The sample consisted of 30 Internet sex offenders, all completing mandatory 3-year community rehabilitation orders. Participants were administered the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and two questionnaires pertaining to demographic characteristics and personal history. Results indicated that Internet sex offenders differed significantly from the normal population on a number of PAI scales, most strikingly: Warmth, Dominance, and Depression. This suggests that Internet offenders may experience deficits in interpersonal functioning and affective difficulties. Significant correlations were also found between hours per week spent accessing indecent images of children and PAI scales assessing Schizophrenia, Borderline Features, Depression, and Warmth. These findings are considered in relation to current empirical research and implications for therapeutic practice and future research are discussed.
THE RISE AND FALL OF EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

In disputes about conceptual analysis, each side typically appeals to pre-theoretical ‘intuitions’ about particular cases. Recently, many naturalistically oriented philosophers have suggested that these appeals should be understood as empirical hypotheses about what people would say when presented with descriptions of situations, and have consequently conducted surveys on non-specialists. I argue that this philosophical research programme, a key branch of what is known as ‘experimental philosophy’, rests on mistaken assumptions about the relation between people's concepts and their linguistic behaviour. The conceptual claims that philosophers make imply predictions about the folk's responses only under certain demanding, counterfactual conditions. Because of the nature of these conditions, the claims cannot be tested with methods of positivist social science. We are, however, entitled to appeal to intuitions about folk concepts in virtue of possessing implicit normative knowledge acquired through reflective participation in everyday linguistic practices.