Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Liposomal Monensin on the Enhancement of the Antitumour Activity of Liposomal Ricin in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma (KB) Cells

The monensin, known to enhance the cytotoxicity of ricin and ricin-based immunotoxins is a very hydrophobic molecule and this limits its administration in optimum doses under in vivo conditions. In order to realise its full potential, monensin was intercalated into various liposomal formulations and its ability to potentiate the cytotoxicity of ricin liposomes in human epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells was studied. It was observed that ricin cytotoxicity enhancing ability of monensin liposome depends on the surface charge as well as density and chain length of distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-methoxy polyethylene glycol present on the surface of liposomal monensin. Maximum potentiation on the cytotoxicity of liposomal ricin was observed by monensin entrapped in neutral liposome (106.5 fold) followed by negatively charged (94.2 fold) and positively charged liposome (90 fold). Studies on the effect of variation of density and chain length of distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-methoxy polyethylene glycol showed that neutral monensin liposomes having 2.5 mol% distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine-methoxy polyethylene glycol with chain length of 2000 exhibits maximum potentiation (117.6 fold) on the cytotoxicity of ricin liposomes when the cellular uptake of monensin liposome was maximum (42.0%) and the zeta potential value on the surface of liposomes was −0.645. The present study has clearly shown that liposomal monensin is very effective in enhancing the cytotoxicity of liposomal ricin in human cancer cells and liposome can be used as in vivo deliver vehicle for monensin to potentiate the cytotoxicity of liposomal ricin to eliminate cancer cells.
An Analysis of The New Orthodoxy on Black Mobility

America" has been strongly criticized. Their claims conflicted with the widely-held view that poverty and patterns of blocked mobility had persisted among blacks despite the growing prosperity of whites in the United States after the Second World War. However, since Wattenberg and Scammons published in 1973, there has been a remarkable shift in the dominant assumptions among social scientists about the position of blacks in U.S. society: today, their thesis has become a "new orthodoxy" in discussions of race in U.S. society. This new orthodoxy asserts, with varying degrees of certainty, that racial discrimination per se is no longer a problem. This theme has turned up in work on intergenerational occupational mobility (Featherman and Hauser, 1978); the place of blacks in the contemporary world of work (Freeman, 1973, 1976); social policy (Glazer, 1975); neo-classical free market economics (Sowell, 1975a, 1981); and theories of the significance of race in modern U.S. society (Wilson, 1978). 1 This paper reviews and evaluates the arguments of the new orthodoxy and examines whether the mobility patterns of blacks and whites levelled out during the 1960s. We then discuss a key policy implication of the new orthodoxy - namely, that the improved mobility of blacks means that special government programs aimed at economic equality between the races are no longer needed, and that an era of true equality brought about by self-sustained social processes is, if not yet a reality, on the near horizon.
Symbolic representation and retrieval of moving object trajectories

Searching moving object trajectories of video databases has been applied to many fields, such as video data analysis, content-based video retrieval, video scene classification. In this paper, we propose a novel representation of trajectories, called <i>movement pattern strings</i>, which convert the trajectories into symbolic representations. Movement pattern strings encode both the movement direction and the movement distance information of the trajectories. The distances that are computed in a symbolic space are lower bounds of the distances of original trajectory data, which guarantees that no false dismissals will be introduced using movement pattern strings to retrieve trajectories. In order to improve the retrieval efficiency, we define a <i>modified frequency distance</i> for frequency vectors that are obtained from movement pattern strings to reduce the dimensionality and the computation cost. The experimental results show that using movement pattern strings is almost as effective as using raw trajectories. In addition, the cost of retrieving similar trajectories can greatly be reduced when the modified frequency distance is used as a filter
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship Between Role Stressors, Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intention in the Airline Industry

This study examines the relationships among job stress factors (overload, ambiguity, and conflict), emotional exhaustion (EE), and voluntary turnover intention. A total of 400 survey questionnaires were distributed, and 366 usable surveys were used for data analysis. The study results showed that the three role stress factors are critical antecedents of EE. In addition, this study confirmed that customer contact employees exposed to excessive or long-term job stress can be emotionally exhausted and that stress can eventually lead to voluntary turnover. Accordingly, airline firms need to provide coping and intervention strategies for stress management, by creating a stress management culture within the organization, providing special training programs, developing clear job descriptions, and redesigning the physical work environment.
Procrastination as self‐regulation failure of performance: effects of cognitive load, self‐awareness, and time limits on ‘working best under pressure’

Effects of cognitive load, objective self‐awareness and time limits on the self‐regulation of performance speed and accuracy were investigated between procrastinators and non‐procrastinators. In experiment 1 chronic procrastinators completed fewer items (slow speed) and made more errors (less accuracy) than non‐procrastinators under high but not low cognitive load conditions when the time span was limited and brief. In experiment 2 chronic procrastinators performed slower than non‐procrastinators under a 2 second, but not under no limit, 1 second, or 4 second time limit conditions. Chronic procrastinators compared to non‐procrastinators also performed more slowly and made more performance errors under objective self‐awareness conditions regardless of the length of time. These experiments indicate that chronic procrastinators regulate ineffectively their performance speed and accuracy when they ‘work under pressure’ (defined by high cognitive load, objective self‐awareness, and imposed time limitations). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re-assessing the importance and role of the marital relationship in postnatal depression: Methodological and theoretical implications

Abstract This article re-assesses the importance and role of the marital relationship in postnatal depression in light of evidence from a recent qualitative study of 18 mothers’ accounts of their experiences of postnatal depression. Conceptual pitfalls of current studies in this area are highlighted and three fundamental assumptions ate questioned: (1) the primacy of the marital over other relationships in understanding postnatal depression; (2) the notion that relationships are‘poor’ because partners are unsupportive; (3) the assumption that poor marital relationships ‘cause’ postnatal depression. The study presents evidence pointing to the importance of women‚s relationships with other mothers with young children in understanding postnatal depression; it uncovers the varied and complex reasons why marital relationships might be described as ‘poor’, other than having an unsupportive partner; and it highlights the reciprocal relationship between postnatal depression and the marital relationship. The paper.
Contrasting Modes of Diversification in the Aux/IAA and ARF Gene Families1[w]

The complete genomic sequence for Arabidopsis provides the opportunity to combine phylogenetic and genomic approaches to study the evolution of gene families in plants. The Aux/IAA and ARF gene families, consisting of 29 and 23 loci in Arabidopsis, respectively, encode proteins that interact to mediate auxin responses and regulate various aspects of plant morphological development. We developed scenarios for the genomic proliferation of the Aux/IAA and ARF families by combining phylogenetic analysis with information on the relationship between each locus and the previously identified duplicated genomic segments in Arabidopsis. This analysis shows that both gene families date back at least to the origin of land plants and that the major Aux/IAA and ARF lineages originated before the monocot-eudicot divergence. We found that the extant Aux/IAA loci arose primarily through segmental duplication events, in sharp contrast to the ARF family and to the general pattern of gene family proliferation in Arabidopsis. Possible explanations for the unusual mode of Aux/IAA duplication include evolutionary constraints imposed by complex interactions among proteins and pathways, or the presence of long-distance cis-regulatory sequences. The antiquity of the two gene families and the unusual mode of Aux/IAA diversification have a number of potential implications for understanding both the functional and evolutionary roles of these genes.
Black Holes, Galaxy Formation, and the MBH-σ Relation

Recent X-ray observations of intense high-speed outflows in quasars suggest that supercritical accretion on to the central black hole may have an important effect on a host galaxy. I revisit some ideas of Silk & Rees and assume that such flows occur in the final stages of building up the black hole mass. It is now possible to model explicitly the interaction between the outflow and the host galaxy. This is found to resemble a momentum-driven stellar wind bubble, implying a relation MBH = (fgκ/2πG2)σ4 ≃ 1.5 × 108σ M☉ between black hole mass and bulge velocity dispersion (fg = gas fraction of total matter density, κ = electron scattering opacity), without free parameters. This is remarkably close to the observed relation in both slope and normalization. This result suggests that the central black holes in galaxies gain most of their mass in phases of super-Eddington accretion, which are presumably obscured or at high redshift. Observed super-Eddington quasars are apparently late in growing their black hole masses.
The Internet as an Instrument for Collecting Customer-related Data: A Data Quality Perspective

The Internet has increasingly replaced or supplemented other communication and transaction channels. Due to the simplicity of getting information and conducting transactions, a steadily increasing number of consumers are using the World Wide Web for informing themselves and shopping online. From a company’s point of view, these changes in consumers’ behavior have generated a multitude of opportunities to collect data, either with the Internet users being aware of it (e.g. when conducting transactions or filling out a survey) or by analyzing their traces on the Web (e.g. cookies or log files). Along with the increased opportunities of easily generating vast amount of consumer data arise those problems which pertain to the control of data quality. The information which users provide voluntarily is especially difficult to validate against a number of important data quality attributes, such as believability, accuracy and reputation. By conducting two empirical studies (a Web site analysis and a survey) this paper shows how Austrian companies, most of which are small and medium-sized enterprises (SME’s), use the Internet for collecting data. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how issues of data quality are dealt with and highlight the importance of a comprehensive data management.
AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF GENERAL STRAIN THEORY

This paper tests Agnew's (1992) general strain theory (GST) of crime and delinquency. GST argues that strain occurs when others (1) prevent or threaten to prevent you from achieving positively valued goals, (2) remove or threaten to remove positively valued stimuli that you possess, or (3) present or threaten to present you with noxious or negatively valued stimuli. The impact of such strain on delinquency is said to be conditioned by several variables, such as association with delinquent peers and self-efficacy. Data from a sample of 1,380 New Jersey adolescents provide qualified support for the theory; strain measures of the type described above have a relatively substantial effect on delinquency and drug use. Further, the effect of these strain measures is conditioned by delinquent peers and self-efficacy, as predicted by GST.
Broadband folded printed quadrifilar helical antenna

The printed quadrifilar helical antenna (PQHA) represents a very attractive candidate for many applications such as mobile satellite communications, broadcasting satellite systems or global positioning systems, due to hemispherical radiation, circular polarization, good axial ratio, and low cost. Nevertheless, the bandwidth of a conventional PQHA could be insufficient for such applications. Therefore, in this paper, a technique for increasing the bandwidth of a PQHA by adding a shorted parasitic helix is presented. The new folded printed quadrifilar helical antenna (FPQHA) is designed to achieve 30% of bandwidth in axial-mode. Moreover, due to the printed arms on one substrate face, the FPQHA manufacturing is very simple. Measured results are presented to validate the concept
Digital control of switch-mode pulsed GMAW welding power

In this paper, development of a switch mode pulsed MIG welding machine composed of a wire feeder and DC/DC converter is described. Both control of the feeder and converter are implemented with each separated digital signal processor(DSP). To improve the stability performance and dynamic response of wire feeder, a digital control strategy consisting of outer loop of rotating speed regulation and inner loop of current regulation for wire feeding motor is proposed. As for the control of the DC/DC converter, peak current control is taken to suppress the over current across switches. To achieve constant arc length control, a triple closed loop control model including stick-out compensation, arc regulation and current control is presented to make arc length constant and welding stable during the whole process. A welding machine prototype with capacity up to 400 amperes is built. The experimental results of the prototype show that the digital control scheme either for the converter or the wire feeder is applicable for all output current range. The welding process is stable and the welding bead is also excellent with the proposed control scheme.
Comment on "An Association Between the Kinship and Fertility of Human Couples"

Helgason et al. (Reports, 8 February 2008, p. 813) reported a positive association between kinship and fertility in the Icelandic population. We point out that the data further suggest that fertility initially increases with kinship and then decays. This is supported by another large study on the Danish population suggesting a superposition of effects of inbreeding and outbreeding depression on human fertility.
Ultraviolet B light–exposed human platelets mediate acute lung injury in a two‐event mouse model of transfusion

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet B (UVB) light has been used alone on platelet (PLT) transfusion products to prevent alloimmunization or with chemical sensitizers to reduce pathogens. Such processing can damage PLTs and potentiate their storage lesion. Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (ALI) has occurred in patients whose underlying condition led to an inflamed endothelium and who were transfused with products that contained either HLA or HNA antibodies or biologic modifiers such as lipids or antigens from stored cells. Clinical trials of UV‐treated PLTs in patients with thrombocytopenia generated controversy regarding association of these cells with respiratory distress. We evaluated whether UVB PLTs could mediate ALI in an animal model of ALI.
Performance Evaluation of a High-Speed Inertial Exercise Trainer

Caruso, JF, Hari, P, Coday, MA, Leeper, A, Ramey, E, Monda, JK, Hastings, LP, and Davison, S. Performance evaluation of a high-speed inertial exercise trainer. J Strength Cond Res 22(6): 1760-1768, 2008-A high-speed, low-resistance inertial exercise trainer (IET, Impulse Training Systems, Newnan, Ga) is increasingly employed in rehabilitative and athletic performance settings. Repetitions on an IET are done through a large range of motion because multijoint movements occur over more than one plane of motion, with no limitation on velocities or accelerations attained. The current study purpose is to assess data reproducibility from an instrumented IET through multiple test-retest measures. Data collection methods required the IET left and right halves to be fitted with a TLL-2K force transducer (Transducer Techniques, Temecula, Calif) on one of its pulleys, and an infrared position sensor (Model CX3-AP-1A, automationdirect.com) located midway on the underside of each track. Signals passed through DI-158U signal conditioners (DATAQ Instruments, Akron, Ohio) and were measured with a four-channel analog data acquisition card at 4000 Hz. To assess data reproducibility, college-age subjects (n = 45) performed four IET workouts that were spaced 1 week apart. Workouts entailed two 60-second sets of repetitive knee- and hip-extensor muscle actions as subjects were instructed to exert maximal voluntary effort. Results from multiple test-retest measures show that the IET elicited reproducible intra- and interworkout data despite the unique challenge of multiplanar and multijoint exercise done over a large range of motion. We conclude that future studies in which IET performance measurement is required may choose to instrument the device with current methodology. Current practical applications include making IET data easier to comprehend for the coaches, athletes, and health care providers who use the device.
Abnormalities in exercising skeletal muscle in congestive heart failure can be explained in terms of decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis, reduced metabolic efficiency, and increased glycogenolysis.

OBJECTIVE: To distinguish between the effects of reduced oxidative capacity and reduced metabolic efficiency on skeletal muscle bioenergetics during exercise in patients with congestive heart failure. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Patients were studied by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy during aerobic exercise and recovery, and results compared with controls. RESULTS: In flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (26 patients) there was a 30% decrease in oxidative capacity compared with control (mean (SE) 36 (2) v 51 (4) mM/min) and also a 40% decrease in "effective muscle mass" (5 (1) v 9 (1) arbitrary units), probably at least partly the result of reduced metabolic efficiency. Both contribute to increased phosphocreatine depletion and intracellular acidosis during exercise. However, an increased concentration of ADP (an important mitochondrial regulator) during exercise permitted near-normal rates of oxidative ATP synthesis. Results were similar in gastrocnemius muscle (20 patients), with a 30% decrease in maximum oxidative capacity (29 (4) v 39 (3) mM/min) and a 65% decrease in effective muscle mass (5 (1) v 13 (2) arbitrary units). Exercise training improved maximum oxidative capacity in both muscles, and in gastrocnemius effective muscle mass also. CONCLUSIONS: Skeletal muscle exercise abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure results more from decreased metabolic efficiency than from the abnormalities in mitochondrial oxidation. Both decreased efficiency and defective mitochondrial oxidation result in an increased activation of glycogen phosphorylase, and may be improved by exercise training.
How Do Stock Repurchases Affect Bank Holding Company Performance?

Using data from bank holding company regulatory reports, we examine the relationship between stock repurchases and financial performance for a large sample of bank holding companies over the years 1987 to 1998. The primary result is that higher levels of repurchases in one year are associated with higher profitability and a lower share of problem loans in the subsequent year. This finding is robust to several different ways of measuring share repurchase activity. Our results appear to be driven primarily by bank holding companies with publicly traded stock, especially those companies whose stock is traded on major exchanges. ; The finding that higher repurchases are followed by better financial performance is consistent with at least two distinct behavioral hypotheses. First, bank holding company managers may opt to return excess funds to shareholders when they have limited outside investment opportunities. Alternatively, managers may choose to increase repurchases when they have private information suggesting that the future profitability of the bank is likely to be strong. We find evidence suggesting that the repurchase-performance link may be driven by different factors for different types of bank holding companies. In particular, the evidence is consistent with the first hypothesis for banks traded on major stock exchanges, but only weakly supports this explanation for smaller, closely held companies.
Modeling and analysis of a flywheel energy storage system for Voltage sag correction

The U.S. Navy is looking for methods to maximize the survivability of combat ships during battle conditions. A shipboard power distribution system is a stiff isolated power system that is vulnerable to voltage sags, which arise due to faults or pulsed loads, which can cause interruptions of critical loads. A series voltage injection type flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is used to mitigate voltage sags and maximize the survivability of the ship. The basic circuit consists of an energy storage system, power electronic interface, and a series injection transformer. In this case, the energy storage system consists of a flywheel coupled to an induction machine. The stored energy is used for sag correction for the critical load. Indirect field-oriented control (IDFOC) with space-vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) is used to control the induction machine. Sinusoidal PWM is used for controlling the power system side converter. This paper presents the modeling, simulation, and analysis of a FESS with a power converter interface using PSCAD/EMTDC.
Influence of participation in strategic change: resistance, organizational commitment and change goal achievement

Participation in strategic change processes is frequently assumed to have a number of positive consequences for decision quality, affective responses to change and success of strategic change implementation. To date little research has successfully established the validity of these claims. The fact that results from research into the effects of participation in other contexts are inconclusive is adding to the ambiguity concerning participation's efficacy in a strategic change context. This article uses data from a major strategic reorientation of a national telecommunications firm in order to assess the outcomes of participation in strategic change. Findings indicate a strong positive relationship between participation and goal achievement and organizational commitment, and a strong negative relationship with resistance. The results also suggest that the effects of participation are moderated by the changes' compatibility with organizational culture and the personal goals of change recipients.