Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using attribution theory to understand social and academic motivation in African American youth

Principles from attribution theory concerned with perceived responsibility in self and others are used as a conceptual framework for examining social motivation (i.e., peer-directed, aggression) and academic motivation (i.e., achievement values) in African American youth. A series of studies on peer-directed aggression that was guided by the attributional framework is presented. Among the topics examined are: (a) the cognitive and socialization antecedents of aggressive boys' beliefs about others' responsibility, (b) their understanding of impression management strategies that individuals use to alter perceptions of responsibility, and (c) an intervention approach with aggressive African American boys that is designed to change biased perceptions about others' responsibility for negative outcomes. New findings on achievement values among African American adolescents that also fit within the attributional conception are then presented. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of theory dri.
Next generation sequencing in nonsyndromic intellectual disability: From a negative molecular karyotype to a possible causative mutation detection

The identification of causes underlying intellectual disability (ID) is one of the most demanding challenges for clinical Geneticists and Researchers. Despite molecular diagnostics improvements, the vast majority of patients still remain without genetic diagnosis. Here, we report the results obtained using Whole Exome and Target Sequencing on nine patients affected by isolated ID without pathological copy number variations, which were accurately selected from an initial cohort of 236 patients. Three patterns of inheritance were used to search for: (1) de novo, (2) X‐linked, and (3) autosomal recessive variants. In three of the nine proband–parent trios analyzed, we identified and validated two de novo and one X‐linked potentially causative mutations located in three ID‐related genes. We proposed three genes as ID candidate, carrying one de novo and three X‐linked mutations. Overall, this systematic proband–parent trio approach using next generation sequencing could explain a consistent percentage of patients with isolated ID, thus increasing our knowledge on the molecular bases of this disease and opening new perspectives for a better diagnosis, counseling, and treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Main and interaction effects of task and contextual performance on supervisory reward decisions.

Undergraduates (N = 494) participated in a managerial inbasket simulation while periodically interrupted by a videotaped subordinate who performed at 1 of 4 levels of task performance and 1 of 4 levels of contextual performance. After completing the inbasket, students decided how much of a pay increase to give the subordinate, whether to promote him, and whether to recommend him for a fast-track development program. Results showed significant main effects on reward decisions for both task performance, F(3, 479) = 69.6, p < . 01, and contextual performance, F(3, 479) = 26.0, p <. 01. The interaction effect was also significant, F(9, 479) = 9.6, p <. 01, indicating that interpersonal effectiveness pays off more for people who are technically effective and technical effectiveness pays off more for people who are interpersonally effective.
How Does Professional Education Impact the Job Outlook of Public Child Welfare Workers?

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine how public child welfare employees perceive their graduate social work education, whether they use the knowledge and skills gained, their work satisfaction, and their future plans. It was designed to examine the experiences of the New York City Administration on Children's Services (ACS) employees who were participants in the Professional Development Program and received support to study for their master's degrees in social work. The total number of respondents surveyed was 153, the vast majority of whom were people of color. In considering their motives for attending graduate school, 96 percent emphasized their desire to serve children and families better. These graduates were very positive about their academic and field experiences, with almost all saying they would recommend MSW training to others. There was a constant progression in their perceived knowledge and skill level over time. They expressed a mid-level of satisfaction with their current jobs, but higher satisfaction with the nature of the work itself. It was striking to note the respondents' attitudes about remaining employed at ACS. Only 13 percent of those who responded said they planned to leave within the next two years Almost a third (32.6%) said they thought they'd stay at least 5-9 years, and 39.8 percent said they would probably stay 10 years or longer. Satisfaction with the nature of the work and pay were the two strongest predictors of the length of time respondents planned to stay at ACS. These are important findings because they demonstrate that public investment in MSW education can have significant pay-off by increasing the knowledge and skills of public child welfare workers and encouraging long-term commitment to the work.
Oral Treatment with Recombinant Human Interleukin-11 Improves Mucosal Transport in the Colon of Human Leukocyte Antigen-B27 Transgenic Rats

Recombinant human interleukin (IL)-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine with anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of the study was to investigate whether oral treatment with rhIL-11 improves colonic epithelial dysfunction in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 transgenic rat model of spontaneous chronic inflammation. Experiments were performed using adult male HLAB27 rats, whereas healthy nontransgenic F344 rats served as controls. Enteric-coated rhIL-11 multi-particles (equivalent to 500 μg/kg rhIL11) or placebo (formulation lacking rhIL-11) were administrated orally on alternate days for 2 weeks to HLA-B27 or F344 rats. Stool character was observed daily during the treatment period. Animals were euthanized at the end of treatment and colonic inflammation was evaluated be measuring tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Epithelial transport in isolated colonic mucosal sheets was studied in modified Ussing chambers. Oral treatment of HLA-B27 rats with rhIL-11 reduced MPO activity in the colon and suppressed the clinical signs of diarrhea. The electrophysiological characteristics of mucosal transport were improved in the HLA-B27 rats treated with rhIL-11 compared with placebo. After rhIL-11 treatment the basal transepithelial resistance and the estimated paracellular resistance were significantly increased, neurally mediated secretory responses to electrical field stimulation were improved, and cholinoceptor sensitivity was normalized. Treatment with rhIL-11 had no significant effect on basal short circuit current and the maximal secretory response to carbachol or substance P. Our data demonstrate that oral rhIL-11 therapy is associated with suppression of mucosal inflammation and a concomitant improvement of epithelial resistance and neurally mediated secretion in a model of chronic HLA-B27 colitis.
Tutorial on Variational Autoencoders

In just three years, Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have emerged as one of the most popular approaches to unsupervised learning of complicated distributions. VAEs are appealing because they are built on top of standard function approximators (neural networks), and can be trained with stochastic gradient descent. VAEs have already shown promise in generating many kinds of complicated data, including handwritten digits, faces, house numbers, CIFAR images, physical models of scenes, segmentation, and predicting the future from static images. This tutorial introduces the intuitions behind VAEs, explains the mathematics behind them, and describes some empirical behavior. No prior knowledge of variational Bayesian methods is assumed.
Mechanism of atmospheric photooxidation of aromatics: A theoretical study

The mechanisms of atmospheric photooxidation of aromatic compounds are of seminal importance in the chemistry of the urban and regional atmosphere. It has been difficult to experimentally account for the full spectrum of oxidation products in laboratory studies. In an effort to fully elucidate the atmospheric reaction pathways for the aromatic−OH reaction, we have conducted theoretical calculations on aromatic intermediates. Energies have been determined for these intermediates by using semiempirical UHF/PM3 geometry optimizations combined with ab initio calculations using density functional theory (DFT). A hybrid DFT model, the Becke3 parameter function with the nonlocal correlation function of Lee, Yang, and Parr, was used in conjunction with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set to study the intermediate structures. Full mechanisms for the OH-initiated photooxidation of toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and m-ethyltoluene are developed. The lowest energy intermediates have been determined, and pr.
Temporal Trends of Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure in Korea

Heart failure (HF) is an important cardiovascular disease because of its increasing prevalence, significant morbidity, high mortality and rapidly expanding health care costs. The number of HF patients is increasing worldwide and Korea is no exception. Temporal trends of four representative Korean hospitalized HF registries–the Hallym HF study, the Korean Multicenter HF study, the Korean Heart Failure (KorHF) registry and the Korean Acute Heart Failure (KorAHF) registry showed mild survival improvement reflecting overall HF patient care development in Korea despite the increased severity of enrolled patients with higher incidence of multiple comorbidities. Moreover, device therapies such as implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy and definitive treatment such as heart transplantation have been increasing in Korea as well. To prevent HF burden increase, it is essential to set up long term effective prevention strategies for better control of ischemic heart disease, hypertension and diabetes, which might be risk factors for HF development. Moreover, proper HF guidelines, performance measures, and performance improvement programs might be necessary to limit HF burden as well.
On the Meaning and Existence of an Effective Population Size

We investigate conditions under which a model with stochastic demography or population structure converges to the coalescent with a linear change in timescale. We argue that this is a necessary condition for the existence of a meaningful effective population size. We find that such a linear timescale change is obtained when demographic fluctuations and coalescence events occur on different timescales. Simple models of population structure and randomly fluctuating population size are used to exemplify the ideas and provide an intuitive feel for the meaning of the conditions.
Simultaneous Inference of Partially Linear Error-in-Covariate Models : an Application to the U . S . Gasoline Demand ∗

In this paper, we conduct simultaneous inference of the non-parametric multivariate function of a partially linear model when the covariate terms in both parametric and non-parametric parts are subject to the Berkson measurement errors. Based on semiparametric estimates of the model, we construct a simultaneous confidence region of the multivariate function for simultaneous inference. The developed methodology is applied to perform inference for the U.S. gasoline demand where the income and price variables are measured with errors. The empirical results strongly suggest that the linearity of the U.S. gasoline demand is rejected.
Reports: Plasma and Dietary Phytoestrogens and Risk of Premalignant Lesions of the Cervix

Abstract: A number of epidemiological studies have observed an inverse association between phytoestrogens and risk of certain hormonally dependent cancers. We undertook an exploratory analysis of the relationship between specific phytoestrogens and premalignant cervical lesions. A case-control study of 122 women with histologically confirmed cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of the cervix and 183 cytologically normal controls was conducted from 1992 to 1996 in Honolulu, Hawaii. A cervical cell sample was obtained for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Dietary information was collected using a structured survey, and a fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of five isoflavonoids (genistein, glycitein, daidzein, O-desmethylangolensin, and equol), two flavonoids (hesperetin and naringenin), and two lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone). Plasma levels of equol and enterodiol were positively associated with cervical SIL risk: odds ratio, OR = 6.5; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.4-29.2; P for trend = 0.02 and OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.1-6.3; P for trend = 0.01, respectively, for the highest relative to the lowest quartile level after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, HPV infection, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and lifetime number of sexual partners. A nonsignificant positive association with cervical SIL risk was observed for plasma enterolactone. Consistent with the relationships observed for the plasma lignans, dietary sources of lignans, including garlic and taro leaves/ong choy/marunggay, were positively associated with cervical SIL risk. A positive association was also suggested for other lignan sources such as seaweed, onions, grapefruit, and seeds. This is the first study to observe a positive association between specific phytoestrogens and premalignancies of the cervix. The results of this investigation should be considered preliminary and need to be verified in larger, prospective studies.
of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Verb and Verb-Derived Noun Production : Hemifield Similarities and Differences

The present study explores hemispheric differences in verb and verb-derived noun production in terms of the impact of various picture and word characteristics on visual field reaction time variance. The unique contribution of predictors has been interpreted as activation of a corresponding property, as indication of a stage of picture processing and as activation of a corresponding mechanism/system in a certain hemisphere. The results of a regression analysis suggested that action-associated images were activated in the right hemisphere independently of the type of word produced. However, activation patterns in the left hemisphere appeared to be sensitive to the difference in word types. Whereas verb production activated the conceptual system in the left hemisphere, verb-derived noun production activated the lexical system in the same hemisphere. This differential pattern was interpreted in terms of the different weights of motor information carried by verbs and verb-derived nouns.
Physicochemical properties and microorganisms isolated from dried meat obtained in Oja- Oba market in Ilorin, Nigeria

The physicochemical properties and microorganisms isolated from dried meat samples obtained from the Oja-Oba market in Ilorin metropolis during the rainy season were investigated. Meat samples were stored under two storage conditions (cupboard and refrigerator) before they were analysed using potato dextrose agar and nutrient agar for fungi and bacteria load of the dried meat samples. Analytical studies on the nutritional contents (moisture content, total amino acid content, titratable acidity and protein content) of the dried meat samples stored under a period of five weeks revealed that the moisture content of dried meat samples stored in the cupboard increased from 35% to 65%, while those in the refrigerator had an initial increase from 50% to 55% for the first two weeks of storage and became constant through the period of storage. The total amino acid content ranged from 0.2128-0.5040mg/g and 0.2464-0.5376mg/g for both samples respectively. Titratable acidity ranged from 0.04mg/g-0.10mg/g and 0.07mg/g-0.14mg/g for both samples respectively. The increase in protein content recorded for both meat samples ranged from 5.79-14.02mg/g and 5.11-13.52mg/g respectively. Bacteria and fungi isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Neisseria sp. , Acinetobacter sp. , Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. The total bacterial count increased in the dried meat stored in the cupboard (2.5 × 10-7 to 3.3 × 10-7cfu/ml) while it decreased in the meat samples stored in the refrigerator (2.0 × 10-7 to 1.4 × 10-7cfu/ml).
Mining Data Regions from Web Pages

With the explosive growth of information sources available on the World Wide Web, it has become increasingly difficult to identify the relevant pieces of information, since web pages are often cluttered with irrelevant content like advertisements, navigation-panels, copyright notices etc., surrounding the main content of the web page. A significant amount of valuable information on the web is generated from databases. Pages in dataintensive web sites are usually automatically generated from the back-end DBMS using scripts [6]. Hence, it is useful to mine such data regions in order to extract information from them to provide value-added services. In order to compare the prices and features for products from the various web sites, we need tools to extract attribute descriptions of each product (called data object) within a specific region (called data region) in pages. In order to accomplish this task, we must identify data of interest by mining relevant data regions from web pages. Currently available automatic techniques [10,14,15] to mine data regions from web pages are still unsatisfactory because of their poor performance. In this paper, we propose a much more effective automatic technique to perform the task. This technique is based on three important observations about data regions on the web. The proposed technique is able to mine the non-contiguous data records and can correctly identify data regions, irrespective of the type of tag in which it is bound. Existing techniques are tagdependant and work only for records bound within specific tags like , , , etc. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique outperforms existing techniques substantially International Conference on Management of Data COMAD 2005b, Hyderabad, India, December 20–22, 2005 © Computer Society of India, 2005
Ceramide in Stem Cell Differentiation and Embryo Development: Novel Functions of a Topological Cell-Signaling Lipid and the Concept of Ceramide Compartments

In the last two decades, the view on the function of ceramide as a sole metabolic precursor for other sphingolipids has completely changed. A plethora of studies has shown that ceramide is an important lipid cell-signaling factor regulating apoptosis in a variety of cell types. With the advent of new stem cell technologies and knockout mice for specific steps in ceramide biosynthesis, this view is about to change again. Recent studies suggest that ceramide is a critical cell-signaling factor for stem cell differentiation and cell polarity, two processes at the core of embryo development. This paper discusses studies on ceramide using in vitro differentiated stem cells, embryo cultures, and knockout mice with the goal of linking specific developmental stages to exciting and novel functions of this lipid. Particular attention is devoted to the concept of ceramide as a topological cell-signaling lipid: a lipid that forms distinct structures (membrane domains and vesicles termed “sphingosome”), which confines ceramide-induced cell signaling pathways to localized and even polarized compartments.
Using Evolution to Learn How to Perform Interest Point Detection

The performance of high-level computer vision applications is tightly coupled with the low-level vision operations that are commonly required. Thus, it is advantageous to have low-level feature extractors that are optimal with respect to a desired performance criteria. This paper presents a novel approach that uses genetic programming as a learning framework that generates a specific type of low-level feature extractor: interest point detector. The learning process is posed as an optimization problem. The optimization criterion is designed to promote the emergence of the detectors' geometric stability under different types of image transformations and global separability between detected points. This concept is represented by the operators repeatability rate. Results prove that our approach is effective at automatically generating low-level feature extractors. This paper presents two different evolved operators: IPGP1 and IPGP2. Their performance is comparable with the Harris operator given their excellent repeatability rate. Furthermore, the learning process was able to rediscover the DET corner detector proposed by Beaudet
The Odyssey of Hsp60 from Tumor Cells to Other Destinations Includes Plasma Membrane-Associated Stages and Golgi and Exosomal Protein-Trafficking Modalities

Background In a previous work we showed for the first time that human tumor cells secrete Hsp60 via exosomes, which are considered immunologically active microvesicles involved in tumor progression. This finding raised questions concerning the route followed by Hsp60 to reach the exosomes, its location in them, and whether Hsp60 can be secreted also via other mechanisms, e.g., by the Golgi. We addressed these issues in the work presented here. Principal Findings We found that Hsp60 localizes in the tumor cell plasma membrane, is associated with lipid rafts, and ends up in the exosomal membrane. We also found evidence that Hsp60 localizes in the Golgi apparatus and its secretion is prevented by an inhibitor of this organelle. Conclusions/Significance We propose a multistage process for the translocation of Hsp60 from the inside to the outside of the cell that includes a combination of protein traffic pathways and, ultimately, presence of the chaperonin in the circulating blood. The new information presented should help in designing future strategies for research and for developing diagnostic-monitoring means useful in clinical oncology.