Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of Heme Oxygenase‐1 in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to Crystalline Silica

Expression of Heme Oxygenase‐1 in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to Crystalline Silica: Hiroko Nagatomo, et al. Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial and Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health—Oxidative stress is thought to be the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by particles, and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) protects lung tissue against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that HO‐1 is also associated with oxidative lung injury caused by exposure to particles. The present study was conducted to investigate the time course of HO‐1 expression of lungs exposed to crystalline silica in vivo. Male Wistar rats were administered 1 mg or 2 mg of crystalline silica suspended in saline by a single intratracheal instillation and were sacrificed at 3 d, 1 wk, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of recovery time. The expression of HO‐1 was observed by western blot analysis and immunostaining. Protein levels of HO‐1 were increased compared to the controls at 3 d, and from 1 month to 6 months following intratracheal instillation of 2 mg of crystalline silica. The levels of HO‐1 were increased compared to the controls from 1 month to 6 months following intratracheal instillation of 1 mg of crystalline silica. Many HO‐1 positive cells were found particularly in the alveolar macrophages during immunostaining. These findings suggest that HO‐1 is related to lung injury arising from exposure to crystalline silica.
The Stability of “Perfect Elliptic Disks.” II. A Minimal Streaming Case

Two-dimensional realizations of self-consistent models for the "perfect elliptic disks" were tested for global stability by gravitational N-body integration. The family of perfect elliptic disk potentials have two isolating integrals; time-independent distribution functions f(E, I2), which self-consistently reproduce the density distribution, can be found numerically, using a modified marching scheme to compute the relative contributions of each member in a library of orbits. The possible solutions are not unique; for a given ellipticity, the models can have a range of angular momenta. Here results are presented for cases with minimal angular momentum, hence maximal random motion. As in previous work, N-body realizations were constructed using a modified quiet start technique to place particles on these orbits uniformly in action-angle space, making the initial conditions as smooth as possible. The most elliptical models initially showed bending instabilities; by the end of the run they had become slightly rounder. The most nearly axisymmetric models tended to become more elongated, reminiscent of the radial orbit instability in spherical systems. Between these extremes, there is a range of axial ratios 0.305 ≲ b/a ≲ 0.570 for which the minimum streaming models appear to be stable.
Automatically predicting MT systems rankings compatible with fluency, adequacy and informativeness scores

The main goal of the work presented in this paper is to find an inexpensive and automatable way of predicting rankings of MT systems compatible with human evaluations of these systems expressed in the form of Fluency, Adequacy or Informativeness scores. Our approach is to establish whether there is a correlation between rankings derived from such scores and the ones that can be built on the basis of automatically computable attributes of syntactic or semantic nature. We present promising results obtained on the DARPA94 MT evaluation corpus.
Withdrawal symptoms in critically ill children after long-term administration of sedatives and/or analgesics: A first evaluation*

Objective:To establish frequencies of benzodiazepine and opioid withdrawal symptoms, and correlations with total doses and duration of administration. Design:A prospective, repeated-measures design. Setting:Two pediatric intensive care units in a university children’s hospital. Patients:Seventy-nine children, aged 0 days to 16 yrs, who received intravenous midazolam and/or opioids for >5 days. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Pediatric intensive care unit nurses assessed withdrawal symptoms using the Sophia Benzodiazepine and Opioid Withdrawal Checklist, which includes all withdrawal symptoms (n = 24) described in the pediatric literature. Over 6 months, 2188 observations in 79 children were recorded. Forty-two percent of observations were performed within 24 hrs after tapering off or discontinuation of medication. Symptoms representing overstimulation of the central nervous system, such as anxiety, agitation, grimacing, sleep disturbance, increased muscle tension, and movement disorder, were observed in >10% of observations. Of symptoms reflecting gastrointestinal dysfunction, diarrhea and gastric retention were most frequently observed. Tachypnea, fever, sweating, and hypertension as manifestations of autonomic dysfunction were observed in >13% of observations. The Spearman’s rank-correlation coefficient between total doses of midazolam and maximum sum score (of the Sophia Benzodiazepine and Opioid Withdrawal Checklist) was . 51 (p < 0.001). The correlation between total doses of opioids and the maximum sum score was . 39 (p < 0.01). A significant correlation (.52; p < 0.001) was also found between duration of use and maximum sum score. Conclusions:This is the first study to report frequencies of all 24 withdrawal symptoms observed in children after decrease or discontinuation of benzodiazepines and/or opioids. Agitation, anxiety, muscle tension, sleeping <1 hr, diarrhea, fever, sweating, and tachypnea were observed most frequently. Longer duration of use and high dosing are risk factors for development of withdrawal symptoms in children.
A Tool to Evaluate Different Renovation Alternatives with Regard to Sustainability

In Sweden and in other countries, building owners are encouraged to help reduce energy consumption, both in order to contribute to national energy saving goals and, in terms of their own interests, to reduce the costs of heating and operation of the building. However, it is important to pursue the most optimal strategy available so as to achieve cost-effective energy usage while simultaneously maintaining excellent indoor environments, without sacrificing the architectural quality or negatively affecting the environment. Building managers often do not have the time or expertise required to make a proper evaluation of the available options before making a final decision. Renovation measures are often considered in the light of repaying investments in a short time rather than taking into account life cycle costs, despite the fact that a thoughtful, comprehensive renovation is often more cost-effective in the long run. This article presents a systematic approach for evaluating different renovation alternatives based on sustainability criteria. A methodology has been developed to evaluate different renovation alternatives from environmental, economic, and social perspectives. The benefit of using the proposed methodology is that building managers who face a major renovation work are provided with a clear comparison between the different renovation options, viewed from a sustainability perspective, this may facilitate, in the long run, a culture in which renovation measures which involve marginally increased costs, but are seen to lead to significant environmental and social benefits, will be considered and carried out.
Melanopsin and Rod–Cone Photoreceptors Play Different Roles in Mediating Pupillary Light Responses during Exposure to Continuous Light in Humans

In mammals, the pupillary light reflex is mediated by intrinsically photosensitive melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells that also receive input from rod–cone photoreceptors. To assess the relative contribution of melanopsin and rod–cone photoreceptors to the pupillary light reflex in humans, we compared pupillary light responses in normally sighted individuals (n = 24) with a blind individual lacking rod–cone function. Here, we show that visual photoreceptors are required for normal pupillary responses to continuous light exposure at low irradiance levels, and for sustained pupillary constriction during exposure to light in the long-wavelength portion of the visual spectrum. In the absence of rod–cone function, pupillomotor responses are slow and sustained, and cannot track intermittent light stimuli, suggesting that rods/cones are required for encoding fast modulations in light intensity. In sighted individuals, pupillary constriction decreased monotonically for at least 30 min during exposure to continuous low-irradiance light, indicating that steady-state pupillary responses are an order of magnitude slower than previously reported. Exposure to low-irradiance intermittent green light (543 nm; 0.1–4 Hz) for 30 min, which was given to activate cone photoreceptors repeatedly, elicited sustained pupillary constriction responses that were more than twice as great compared with exposure to continuous green light. Our findings demonstrate nonredundant roles for rod–cone photoreceptors and melanopsin in mediating pupillary responses to continuous light. Moreover, our results suggest that it might be possible to enhance nonvisual light responses to low-irradiance exposures by using intermittent light to activate cone photoreceptors repeatedly in humans.
Short-term test–retest reliability and continuity of emotional availability in parent–child dyads

The emotional availability scales (EAS), 4th edition, are widely used in research and clinical practice to assess the quality of parent–child interaction. This study examined the short-term reliability and continuity of the EAS (4th ed.) assessed in two similar observational contexts over a one-week interval. Sixty-two Dutch parents (85% mothers) and their 9- to 12-month-old infants (Mage = 10.07 months, SD = 0.47, 53% boys) were videotaped twice while they interacted with each other during several tasks (free play, structured play, book reading, toys taken away). The videotapes were coded with the EAS 4th edition by two reliable coders. Moderate to strong test–retest reliability was found for the three EA parent-dimensions: sensitivity, structuring, and nonintrusiveness. Child involvement was not reliable over a one-week period, and child responsiveness could only be reliably assessed in boys. Test–retest reliability of structuring was also higher for boys than for girls. Regarding continuity, mean levels of sensitivity, structuring, nonintrusiveness, and involvement did not change over a one-week interval, but responsiveness increased for girls only. Thus, the parenting dimensions of the 4th edition of the EAS reflect stable and consistent characteristics of the parent–child dyad on the short term, but the child measures do not.
Body mass index and nutrition as determinants of health and disease in population of Croatian Adriatic islands.

AIM To investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, and cardiovascular risk factors in isolated Adriatic island populations of Croatia. METHODS Random sample of subjects (n=1001) was interviewed, using a validated questionnaire developed for this research program. Dietary habits were assessed on the basis of applied Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical analyses of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and blood glucose were performed. Blood pressure (mm Hg), height (m), and weight (kg) were measured following standard procedures. RESULTS Out of 1001 study participants, 507 (50.7%) were overweight (247 [48.7%] men and 260 [51.3%] women), whereas 268 (26.8%) were obese (122 [45.5%] men and 146 [54.5%] women). In both genders, there was a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and levels of triglycerides (P<0.001), glucose (P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001), and systolic blood pressure (male: P=0.002, female: P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that female gender (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.61-3.31), overweight (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.34-2.88), obesity (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.22-2.96), more frequent consumption of meat (OR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.30) and beer (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.27), and less frequent consumption of potatoes (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) were predictive for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Prevalence of obesity and related health outcomes was surprisingly high for the studied population. We found a correlation between BMI, dietary habits, and cardiovascular risk factors.
Convective and large‐scale mass flux profiles over tropical oceans determined from synergistic analysis of a suite of satellite observations

A new, satellite‐based methodology is developed to evaluate convective mass flux and large‐scale total mass flux. To derive the convective mass flux, candidate profiles of in‐cloud vertical velocity are first constructed with a simple plume model under the constraint of ambient sounding and then narrowed down to the solution that matches satellite‐derived cloud top buoyancy. Meanwhile, the large‐scale total mass flux is provided separately from satellite soundings by a method developed previously. All satellite snapshots are sorted into a composite time series that delineates the evolution of a vigorous and organized convective system. Principal findings are the following. First, convective mass flux is modulated primarily by convective cloud cover, with the intensity of individual convection being less variable over time. Second, convective mass flux dominates the total mass flux only during the early hours of the convective evolution; as convective system matures, a residual mass flux builds up in the mass flux balance that is reminiscent of stratiform dynamics. The method developed in this study is expected to be of unique utility for future observational diagnosis of tropical convective dynamics and for evaluation of global climate model cumulus parameterizations in a global sense.
Decision-making in Committees

This article reviews recent developments in the theory of committee decisionmaking. A committee consists of self-interested members that make a public decision by aggregating imperfect information dispersed among them according to a pre-specified decision rule. We focus on costly information acquisition, strategic information aggregation, and rules and processes that enhance the quality of the committee decision. Seeming inefficiencies of the committee decision-making process such as over-cautiousness, voting, and delay emerge as partial remedies to these incentive problems. JEL classification: D71, D82 Corresponding author: Li, Hao, 150 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G7. Email: li.hao@utoronto.ca. Phone: 1-416-978-1970
Game-Related Performance Factors in four European Men’s Professional Volleyball Championships

Abstract The present study was designed to assess the relevance of game-related performance factors as outcome predictors in high-level volleyball. To carry out the analysis, the official box scores of 399 matches played by 47 different teams in four different European male professional volleyball leagues (Italy, Poland, Germany and Turkey) during the 2013-14 regular season were analyzed. A logistic mixed model was performed to determine the effects of different variables in matches’ outcomes. According to the multivariate analysis the following factors were significantly associated with winning matches: the number of scorers (OR = 1.32; CI: 1.09 – 1.59), service errors (OR = 0.91; CI: 0.87 – 0.95), service points (OR = 1.25; CI: 1.15 -1.36), reception errors (OR = 0.79; CI: 0.74 – 0.84), the percentage of positive receptions (OR = 1.02; CI: 1.00 -1.04) and blocked balls (OR = 1.17; CI: 1.11 – 1.26). Team category 2 (OR = 0.39; CI: 0.24 – 0.63) and team category 3 (OR = 0.15; CI: 0.09 – 0.25) were significantly associated with losing matches. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of performance indicators in professional volleyball, helping coaches and decision makers to better determine the importance of particular game factors.
THE HARD SQUARE ENTROPY CONSTANT

The invention is also directed to a method of fabricating a pellicle cover assembly for use in a projection printing system for forming an image on a radiation sensitive wafer, the method comprising the steps of applying a gold film onto the surface of a wafer, applying a polymer film onto the gold film surface, curing the polymer film, adhering a support ring to the polymer film, cutting through the polymer and gold films between the ring and wafer edges to expose the wafer surface, peeling the ring off the wafer and etching off the gold film.
Nasal Carriage of 200 Patients with Nasal Bone Fracture in Korea

Background Pathogens in the nasal cavity during nasal surgery could lead to a systemic infectious condition, such as bacteremia, nosocomial infection, or toxic shock syndrome. However, there is no research about the prevalence of nasal carriage in patients with nasal bone fracture. Methods This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized study about the rate of nasal carriage in 200 patients with nasal bone fracture in Korea. Nasal secretions were taken from both the middle nasal meatus and colonized. All analyses were carried out using SPSS software. Results Pathogens were identified in 178 of the 200 cases. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most cultured bacteria in 127 (66.84%) of the 190 total patients after excluding 10 cases of contaminated samples, and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) were found in 48 (25.26%). Staphylococcus aureus was the second most identified pathogen, found in 36 (18.95%), followed by 7 cases (3.68%) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The prevalence rate of MRSA in the females was higher than that in the males (RR=4.70; 95% CI, 1.09-20.18), but other demographic factors had no effect on the prevalence rate of MRSA and MRCNS. Conclusions The prevalence rate of these pathogens in patients with nasal bone fracture in Korea was similar to other reports. However, few studies have addressed the prevalence rate of CNS and MRCNS in accordance with risk factors or the change in prevalence according to specific prophylaxis against infectious complications. Additional research is needed on the potential connections between clinical factors and microbiological data.
From paradox to pattern shift: Conceptualising liminal hotspots and their affective dynamics

This article introduces the concept of liminal hotspots as a specifically psychosocial and sociopsychological type of wicked problem, best addressed in a process-theoretical framework. A liminal hotspot is defined as an occasion characterised by the experience of being trapped in the interstitial dimension between different forms-of-process. The paper has two main aims. First, to articulate a nexus of concepts associated with liminal hotspots that together provide general analytic purchase on a wide range of problems concerning “troubled” becoming. Second, to provide concrete illustrations through examples drawn from the health domain. In the conclusion, we briefly indicate the sense in which liminal hotspots are part of broader and deeper historical processes associated with changing modes for the management and navigation of liminality.
GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK DENGAN CIRI ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

Abstract: Language disorders are often experienced by children, especially with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Using qualitative descriptive and case study methods, this study examines the language disorder or S-LI (Speech or Language Impairment) on Student X with ADHD. The results of the study show that (1) the language disorders which experienced by Student X are phonology and pragmatic. Phonological impairments are adding phonemes /ŋ/, phoneme omitted, and phoneme changed in some specific words. The pragmatic impairments are difficulties to communicate and to understand speech and most of the time Student X have miscommunication when he made a conversation; (2) language disorder that occurs in the Student X because he has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) traits and he was born on six month pregnancy (premature); and (3) Student X can be given speech therapy to provide special services such as peer tutors and learning models with repetitive reading techniques and appropriate speech pronunciation. Language disorder that experienced by Student X is a serious problem and should be solved immediately because it can affect the acquisition of other language skills. Moreover, Student X will be difficult to understand the lessons according to the curriculum in the school.Abstrak: Gangguan berbahasa sering dialami anak-anak, khususnya pada penderita Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan studi kasus, penelitian ini mengkaji gangguan berbahasa atau S-LI (Speech or Language Impairment) pada Siswa X yang menderita ADHD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) gangguan bahasa yang dialami Siswa X adalah permasalahan fonologi dan pragmatik. Permasalahan bahasa pada tataran fonologi yang dialami oleh Siswa X, seperti pada penambahan fonem /ŋ/, penghilangan fonem, dan perubahan fonem pada kata-kata tertentu. Gangguan pragmatik yang dialami oleh Siswa X adalah kesulitan untuk berkomunikasi dan memahami ujaran dengan baik serta sering terjadi miskomunikasi pada saat berbicara; (2) gangguan berbahasa yang terjadi pada Siswa X karena ia memiliki ciri Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) dan terlahir prematur 6 bulan; dan (3) terapi wicara yang bisa diberikan kepada Siswa X adalah dengan memberikan layanan khusus berupa tutor sebaya dan model pembelajaran teknik membaca berulang-ulang serta pengucapan ujaran yang tepat. Gangguan berbahasa pada Siswa X merupakan masalah serius dan harus segera ditangani karena dapat berdampak pada penguasaan keterampilan berbahasa lainnya. Tidak hanya itu, Siswa X akan mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami pelajaran yang diberikan sesuai kurikulum di sekolah tersebut. Kata Kunci: gangguan berbahasa; ADHD; fonologi; pragmatik; terapi wicara
1 Politicians and Firms in Seven Central and Eastern European Countries

We test several propositions derived by Shleifer and Vishny (1994, 1996) about the effects of privatization and stabilization (hard budget constraints) on enterprise behavior. We document the changes in financing, employment, and operating efficiency that occur in over 6,300 manufacturing enterprises in seven Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia). We then compare the relative performance of privatized and still state-owned enterprises. Controlling for institutional differences and endogeneity of privatization choices we find that privatization is associated with significant improvements in total factor productivity and reductions in excess employment. Reductions in soft financing are associated with further productivity gains. The results provide significant support to the Shleifer-Vishny model. * World Bank. The opinions expressed do not necessarily represent those of the World Bank. We would like to thank Stephen Prowse, Mark Schaffer, Michelle White, and participants in seminars at the World Bank, EBRD, and the Czech Economic Association for useful comments. Corresponding author: Tel: (202) 473-4748, Fax: (202) 522-0073, EM: sdjankov@worldbank.org.