Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A sense of place: place, culture and tourism

The perspective of ‘place’ has emerged as important one in many realms of scholarship and professional practice. Ironically, though, tourism – in which place is a central concept – has paid little attention to the concept. This paper explores the importance of place in the context of tourism product development and marketing, particularly the linkage between place and culture as a tourism experience. The linkage can be understood through an analogy to the concept of terroir from viniculture. Terroir is the set of qualities that shape the sensory and intellectual appreciation of a wine, including soil, climate, grape variety and wine-making techniques. In the case of placed-based cultural tourism development and promotion, the terroir of a place includes history, local traditions and cultures, religion, industry, the natural environment, cuisine and arts, as well as attractions and events. A key feature of place-based product development and promotion is the identification and telling the story of a place through a variety of narrative techniques. These techniques include the tradition of oral storytelling, but also print, video, graphic and digital media. The paper examines the themes of stories often told in connection with place-based cultural tourism and illustrates these with examples drawn from a Canadian cultural destination.
The Origins of Status Hierarchies: A Formal Theory and Empirical Test1

This article offers a formal theoretical model of the emergence of hierarchy that bridges the division between individualistic and structuralist accounts of inequality. In the model, actors reproduce status hierarchies by adjusting their own status‐conferring gestures according to collective attributions. These collective attributions are just the aggregate of individual gestures, leading to a self‐reinforcing status ranking. Winner‐take‐all hierarchies are discouraged, however, when people prefer reciprocation of their status‐conferring actions. The model therefore depicts a status ranking as an equilibrium resulting from individual responses to the trade‐off between social influence and the distaste for making unreciprocated gestures. Analysis of the model generates several precise predictions about the patterns that social networks should exhibit at equilibrium. Data on interaction in task groups, friendship ratings in a fraternity, and play in a set of infant quintuplets is used to show that the formal theory makes unusually accurate predictions about network structure.
Genetic and epigenetic alterations of 9p21 gene products in benign and malignant tumors of the head and neck.

The multistep process of tumorigenesis has not been decoded to date, although numerous investigations into probable molecular changes have meanwhile been conducted. However, not only DNA changes or loss of alleles cause deregulation of gene function, but also epigenetic alterations (e.g. methylation) result in functional loss. The INK4a-ARF (CDKN2A) locus, located on chromosome 9p21, encodes two functionally distinct tumor suppressor genes, p14ARF and p16INK4a, which play active roles in the p53 and Rb tumor suppressive pathways. We therefore examined not only p16 and p14 proteins, but also alterations of the INK4a-ARF locus, including methylation and loss of heterozygosity in benign and malignant tumors of the head and neck (squamous cell carcinomas and pleomorphic adenomas). In benign pleomorphic adenomas, methylation of p14ARF was found in 1 out of 42 (2%) cases, whereas alterations of p16INK4a occurred in 12/42 (29%) pleomorphic adenomas. In HNSCC, methylation of p16INK4a occurred in 16 out of 50 (32%) carcinomas. P14ARF was found to be methylated in 8 out of 50 cases (16%). Our results demonstrate that alterations of the INK4a-ARF locus are frequent and important events not only in the carcinogenesis of malignant, but also in benign tumors.
PTRF/Cavin-1 decreases prostate cancer angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis

Caveolae are specialized plasma membrane subdomains implicated in cellular functions such as migration, signalling and trafficking. Caveolin-1 and polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF)/cavin-1 are essential for caveola formation. Caveolin-1 is overexpressed and secreted in prostate tumors and promotes aggressiveness and angiogenesis. In contrast, a lack of PTRF expression is reported in prostate cancer, and ectopic PTRF expression in prostate cancer cells inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. We experimentally manipulated PTRF expression in three prostate cancer cell lines, namely the caveolin-1 positive cells PC3 and DU145 and the caveolin-1-negative LNCaP cells, to evaluate angiogenesis- and lymphangiogenesis-regulating functions of PTRF. We show that the conditioned medium of PTRF-expressing prostate cancer cells decreases ECs proliferation, migration and differentiation in vitro and ex vivo. This can occur independently from caveolin-1 expression and secretion or caveola formation, since the anti-angiogenic effects of PTRF were detected in caveolin-1-negative LNCaP cells. Additionally, PTRF expression in PC3 cells significantly decreased blood and lymphatic vessel densities in orthotopic tumors in mice. Our results suggest that the absence of PTRF in prostate cancer cells contributes significantly to tumour progression and metastasis by promoting the angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis potential of the cancer cells, and this could be exploited for therapy.
Measurement issues and the role of cognitive biases in conspiracist ideation

Conspiracy theories are a prominent feature of contemporary culture, and can have far-reaching consequences for believers and disbelievers alike. Until recently, however, relatively little research has examined the psychological origins of conspiracist beliefs. A growing amount of research has now begun to reveal the personality, motivational, cognitive, and social factors associated with belief in conspiracy theories. The current thesis aims to contribute to this literature in two main ways. First, the existing literature is limited by the lack of a validated measurement device. Aiming to address this need, Chapter 2 details the creation of a novel measure of conspiracist ideation, the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs (GCB) scale, from item selection (Study 1) through to psychometric validation (Studies 2, 3, and 4). This measure assesses generic conspiracist ideation, therefore offering greater practical utility and theoretical validity than existing measures which assess endorsement of conspiracy theories based on specific world events. Second, the literature may benefit from incorporating conspiracism into the wider theoretical framework of anomalistic psychology. Chapters 3 and 4 employ the newly created GCB to investigate the role of representativeness heuristics – according to which claims are judged plausible to the extent that they subjectively appear typical of events in general – in conspiracist ideation. Study 5a predicted that the proportionality bias would influence novel conspiracist attributions; however, the data did not support this hypothesis. Study 5b predicted that susceptibility to the conjunction fallacy would be associated with conspiracist ideation. This hypothesis was supported. Finally, Chapter 4 predicted that conspiracist ideation would be associated with biased attributions of intentionality. Support for this hypothesis was mixed; the findings suggest that an inferential bias towards attributions of intentionality predicts conspiracist ideation, but a perceptual bias does not. In sum, the findings suggest that conspiracist beliefs may be a product, in part, of certain representativeness biases.
Learning to like vegetables : the importance of exposure in the food preference development of preschool children

Despite a 5-a-day recommendation many children do not consume sufficient fruits and vegetables, with vegetable intake particularly low. Children’s strong dislike for vegetables is a barrier to intake (Nicklaus, Boggio, Chabanet & Issanchou, 2005; Zeinstra, Koelen, Kok, & de Graaf, 2007) indicating a need to develop strategies that will help children to develop the necessary preferences. Research has suggested that increasing children’s familiarity with vegetables through repeated experience is crucial in enhancing preferences. The current thesis used quantitative and qualitative methods to explore children’s earliest experiences with vegetables in order to identify critical periods and factors that impact upon liking and intake. Using experimental methods it then examined the effectiveness of strategies currently being employed by parents to promote vegetables in young children. The data presented confirms that familiarising children with a variety of vegetables via repeated taste exposure is fundamental in increasing children’s preference for and intake of novel vegetables. Results suggest that the effects of experience are mediated by age, supporting the idea of a ‘sensitive period’ during which children are more receptive to new tastes. The onset of food neophobia in the preschool years appears to limit the effects of repeated exposure but significant increases in consumption are observed. A theoretical model of children’s vegetable intake contributes to understanding of food preference development and highlights a need to focus interventions on children who might be more resistant to the effects of exposure.
Using mutual information to design feature combinations

Combination of different feature streams is a well-established method for improving speech recognition performance. This empirical success, however, poses theoretical problems when trying to design combination systems: is it possible to predict which feature streams will combine most advantageously, and which of the many possible combination strategies will be most successful for the particular feature streams in question? We approach these questions with the tool of conditional mutual information (CMI), estimating the amount of information that one feature stream contains about the other, given knowledge of the correct subword unit label. We argue that CMI of the raw feature streams should be useful in deciding whether to merge them together as one large stream, or to feed them separately into independent classiﬁers for later combination; this is only weakly supported by our results. We also argue that CMI between the outputs of independent clas-siﬁers based on each stream should help predict which streams can be combined most beneﬁcially. Our results conﬁrm the usefulness of this measure.
Fixative Composition Alters Distributions of Immunoreactivity for Glutaminase and Two Markers of Nociceptive Neurons, Nav 1.8 and TRPV1, in the Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion

Most, if not all, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons use the neurotransmitter glutamate. There are, however, conflicting reports of the percentages of DRG neurons that express glutaminase (GLS), the enzyme that synthesizes glutamate, ranging from 30% to 100% of DRG neurons. Defining DRG neuron populations by the expression of proteins like GLS, which indicates function, is routinely accomplished with immunolabeling techniques. Proper characterization of DRG neuron populations relies on accurate detection of such antigens. It is known intuitively that fixation can alter immunoreactivity (IR). In this study, we compared the effects of five formaldehyde concentrations between 0.25% and 4.0% (w/v) and five picric acid concentrations between 0.0% and 0.8% (w/v) on the IR of GLS, the voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (Nav 1.8), and the capsaicin receptor TRPV1. We also compared the effects of five incubation time lengths from 2 to 192 hr, in primary anti-serum on IR. Lowering formaldehyde concentration elevated IR for all three antigens, while raising picric acid concentration increased Nav 1.8 and TRPV1 IR. Increasing IR improved detection sensitivity, which led to higher percentages of labeled DRG neurons. By selecting fixation conditions that optimized IR, we found that all DRG neurons express GLS, 69% of neurons express Nav 1.8, and 77% of neurons express TRPV1, indicating that some previous studies may have underestimated the percentages of DRG neurons expressing these proteins. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc. org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.
The child and reality: Problems of genetic psychology

Of course, from childhood to forever, we are always thought to love reading. It is not only reading the lesson book but also reading everything good is the choice of getting new inspirations. Religion, sciences, politics, social, literature, and fictions will enrich you for not only one aspect. Having more aspects to know and understand will lead you become someone more precious. Yea, becoming precious can be situated with the presentation of how your knowledge much.
Sociological aspects of women in primary teaching : career contexts and strategies

This collection of articles and the book are a product of one piece of research on the careers of women in teaching. The research began with a statistical analysis of the career characteristics of women and men in teaching in one educational authority using data collated from Teachers' Service Cards. Then the research focused on women in primary teaching. Career history interviews were conducted with twenty-five married women who were headteachers of primary or infant schools from two educational areas of an English midlands county. The data for the research consisted of the Teachers' Service Cards, the interview material, together with DES official statistics on Teachers in Service. The articles appear in the order they were published. The first article contains an examination of material from the Teachers' Service Cards. Articles two, three and four are analyses of aspects of the women head teachers subjective careers based on the interview data. The fifth article examines aspects of the local labour market for primary teachers using the interview data. The sixth article argues that the use of career history material can make a significant contribution to sociological understanding about careers. The seventh article uses official statistics to explore the effects of the wider contexts of expansion and contraction on primary teachers careers. The book represents an attempt to bring together the themes and issues in the articles and to develop them further.
UltiMatch-NL: A Web Service Matchmaker Based on Multiple Semantic Filters

In this paper, a Semantic Web service matchmaker called UltiMatch-NL is presented. UltiMatch-NL applies two filters namely Signature-based and Description-based on different abstraction levels of a service profile to achieve more accurate results. More specifically, the proposed filters rely on semantic knowledge to extract the similarity between a given pair of service descriptions. Thus it is a further step towards fully automated Web service discovery via making this process more semantic-aware. In addition, a new technique is proposed to weight and combine the results of different filters of UltiMatch-NL, automatically. Moreover, an innovative approach is introduced to predict the relevance of requests and Web services and eliminate the need for setting a threshold value of similarity. In order to evaluate UltiMatch-NL, the repository of OWLS-TC is used. The performance evaluation based on standard measures from the information retrieval field shows that semantic matching of OWL-S services can be significantly improved by incorporating designed matching filters.
A Perspective: The Role of Disordered Genetic Control of Neurogenesis in the Pathogenesis of Migration Disorders

Morphological features of cerebral cortical dysplasias generally regarded under the umbrella term 'migration disorders' have been reviewed and critically analyzed against current knowledge of gene activity involved in neurogenesis. Although data are plentiful regarding the nature and role of these genes in lower forms, i.e. C. elegans and Drosophila, relatively few human homologs have been identified. Multiple genes are involved in various specific aspects of neurogenesis, i.e. neuroblast proliferation, PCD, migration, etc., and it is postulated that there are parallel gene actions in human neural development. A hypothetical construct of specific gene defects in human neurogenesis accounting for the morphological variations observed in the migration disorders is postulated.
Uusien opiskelijoiden integroituminen yliopistoon : Sosiaalipsykologinen näkökulma

The first year at the university is critical in shaping the student’s future academic development. Student integration has been shown to affect learning, motivation, persistence, and ultimately, graduation. Most importantly, however, integration affects how students’ academic expertise develops. In this study a social-psychological assumption was made: one cannot grow into academic expertise in isolation, without interaction with teachers and peers. Integration happens via engagement. In this research, social and academic integration among Finnish freshmen was studied. How much did freshmen interact with their teachers and peers; how interested did they think their teachers were in students; how committed did they feel; and how did they assess their own academic development? In addition to integration, students were asked about their identification with the university and the frequency of actual contacts with teachers and peers. Lastly, students’ personal epistemologies were studied to see if they were related to integration or frequency of contacts. The data was collected at the University of Helsinki in the autumn of 2001 and spring of 2002 at three faculties: the faculty of Social Sciences, Humanities and Science. In the autumn, 270 freshmen, and in the spring, 400 freshmen, completed the questionnaire. In addition to the crosssectional data a longitudinal data was formed from 77 of the respondents. The results showed differences in how students were integrated. Freshmen at the faculty of Science were the least integrated whereas freshmen at the faculty of Humanities were the most integrated. Identification to the university was positively related to integration. The frequency of contacts with faculty and peers was positively related to integration and identification. A more developed personal epistemology was also positively related to integration and frequency of contacts. Differences were also found between the sexes in frequency of peer interaction and level of epistemology. This study has both theoretical and practical implications. Positive correlations between integration, identification, frequency of contacts and personal epistemology were found. The guiding assumption of the significance of social interaction was thus supported. The practical relevance of the study is for how teaching is carried out. In this data, over 50% of new university students at the end of their first year said they had never received feedback from an exam, never had a discussion with their teacher about a scientific topic, and had never discussed with a teacher how their studies were going.
Food Reservoir for Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infections

Closely related strains of Escherichia coli have been shown to cause extraintestinal infections in unrelated persons. This study tests whether a food reservoir may exist for these E. coli. Isolates from 3 sources over the same time period (2005–2007) and geographic area were compared. The sources comprised prospectively collected E. coli isolates from women with urinary tract infection (UTI) (n = 353); retail meat (n = 417); and restaurant/ready-to-eat foods (n = 74). E. coli were evaluated for antimicrobial drug susceptibility and O:H serotype and compared by using 4 different genotyping methods. We identified 17 clonal groups that contained E. coli isolates (n = 72) from >1 source. E. coli from retail chicken (O25:H4-ST131 and O114:H4-ST117) and honeydew melon (O2:H7-ST95) were indistinguishable from or closely related to E. coli from human UTIs. This study provides strong support for the role of food reservoirs or foodborne transmission in the dissemination of E. coli causing common community-acquired UTIs.
Large-volume tissue ablation with radio frequency by using a clustered, internally cooled electrode technique: laboratory and clinical experience in liver metastases.

PURPOSE To evaluate whether coagulation necrosis achievable with radio-frequency (RF) ablation can be increased by using a cluster of closely spaced electrodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS RF was applied to ex vivo liver (n = 68), in vivo liver (n = 12), and in vivo muscle (n = 15) by using a cluster array of three separate internally cooled electrodes spaced 0.5 cm apart. The diameter of coagulation necrosis achieved with optimal RF deposition (1,400-2,150 peak mA) for 5-60 minutes of RF application was determined for electrode tip lengths of 1.5-3.0 cm and compared with that obtained by using a single electrode and otherwise similar technique. Ten patients with solitary intrahepatic colorectal metastases were also treated by using cluster electrode RF ablation. RESULTS In ex vivo liver, simultaneous RF application to electrode clusters for 15, 30, and 45 minutes produced 4.7 cm +/- 0.1, 6.2 cm +/- 0.1, and 7.0 cm +/- 0.2 of coagulation necrosis, respectively. In in vivo liver and muscle, RF applied to electrode clusters for 12 minutes yielded 3.1 cm +/- 0.2 and 7.6 cm +/- 0.4 of coagulation, respectively. RF application to a single electrode produced maximal coagulation of 2.9 cm in ex vivo liver, 1.8 cm in in vivo liver, and 4.3 cm in muscle (P < .01, all tissues). In colorectal metastases, a single 12-15-minute application of RF to an electrode cluster induced 4.5-7.0 cm of coagulation necrosis. CONCLUSION Simultaneous RF application to a cluster of three closely spaced internally cooled electrodes enables a larger volume of coagulation in ex vivo liver, in vivo tissues, and hepatic colorectal metastases than previously reported.
11C-Methionine positron emission tomography-computed tomography in localization of methoxyisobutyl isonitrile negative ectopic parathyroid adenoma

Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by parathyroid adenomas in 85% of the cases. Since parathyroid adenomas are known for their ectopic location, presurgical localization of the suspected site of adenoma is desirable. However, current imaging modalities are not always successful in localizing ectopic parathyroid adenomas. The aim of this case report is to show that 11 C-methionine positron emission tomography could accurately localize ectopic parathyroid adenomas in patients in whom conventional imaging had failed or is inconclusive.
Influence of Background Speech and Music in Interrupted Reading: An Eye‐Tracking Study

Summary The current study examined the influence of interruption, background speech and music on reading, using an eye movement paradigm. Participants either read paragraphs while being exposed to background speech or music or read the texts in silence. On half of the trials, participants were interrupted by a 60-second audio story before resuming reading the paragraph. Interruptions increased overall reading time, but the reading of text following the interruption was quicker compared with baseline. Background speech and music did not modulate the interruption effects, but the background speech slowed down the reading rate compared with reading in the presence of music or reading in silence. The increase in reading time was primarily due to an increase in the time spent rereading previously read words. We argue that the observed interruption effects are in line with a theory of long-term working memory, and we present practical implications for the reported background speech effects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.