Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding ‘interpersonal trust’ from a human factors perspective: insights from situation awareness and the lens model

Trust has become a hot topic in the academic world in the past few decades. Authors from a variety of fields, especially human factors, have developed field-specific approaches to understanding trust. However, in the field of human factors, researchers usually take the approach of modelling how trust is formed between humans and automation. There is still a gap in the human factors literature with regard to frameworks for supporting the development of socio-technical systems where interpersonal trust is a desired design output. Through the combination of mainstream trust literature with human factors frameworks such as situation awareness and the lens model, we have developed a model that not only supports the understanding of interpersonal trust formation and the design of systems that foster the development of interpersonal trust, but also fills an existing gap in the trust modelling literature concerning the detailed description of the interpersonal trust state formation process.
It's Not over When it's Over: Long-Term Symptoms in Cancer Survivors—A Systematic Review

Background: The number of cancer survivors is steadily increasing. Following completion of primary cancer treatment and many years thereafter, specific symptoms continue to negatively affect cancer survivors. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence of symptom burden following primary treatment for cancer in survivors of the most common types of cancer (breast, gynecological, prostate, and colorectal). Methods: A systematic review of literature published between the years 2000–2008 that reported late-effects and/or long-term psychosocial symptoms associated with cancer survivorship post-completion of primary cancer treatment was conducted. The symptoms include physical limitations, cognitive limitations, depression/anxiety, sleep problems, fatigue, pain, and sexual dysfunctions. Results: Symptom burden associated with cancer survivorship was consistent among the four most common types of cancer (breast, gynecological, prostate, and rectal/colon), despite various types of treatment exposure. Generally, across the cancer groups, depressive symptoms, pain, and fatigue were commonly found in cancer survivors. Conclusions: Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional evidence, cancer survivors can experience symptoms for more than 10 years following treatment. These symptoms were present in survivors of all four cancer types who underwent a wide variety of treatment. The results indicate that these symptoms should be evaluated and managed to optimize long-term outcomes.
Towards an understanding of risk factors for eating disturbance amongst gay men

Presents results of an exploratory study into potential risk factors for eating disturbance amongst gay men. A community sample of 202 gay men, aged 14‐72, from across the UK completed a battery of measures anonymously using a postal questionnaire method. The measures included the EDI‐2, the revised NHAI, and an adapted version of the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire. The internalisation of sociocultural norms regarding the importance of slimness and attractiveness was the most powerful predictor of maladaptive eating‐related attitudes, although self‐esteem, internalised homonegativity and satisfaction with sexual orientation were also significant factors. Younger gay men demonstrated higher levels of disturbance and the strongest relationship between body‐esteem and self‐esteem. Many participants perceived the gay scene to be highly body‐conscious but measures of gay identity development and community involvement were associated with lower levels of disturbance. Concludes that health education workers with gay men should take this issue more seriously.
A Fedosov Star Product of Wick Type for K

In this letter we compute some elementary properties of the Fedosov star product of Weyl type, such as symmetry and order of differentiation. Moreover, we define the notion of a star product of Wick type on every K\"ahler manifold by a straight forward generalization of the corresponding star product in $\mathbb C^n$: the corresponding sequence of bidifferential operators differentiates its first argument in holomorphic directions and its second argument in antiholomorphic directions. By a Fedosov type procedure we give an existence proof of such star products for any K\"ahler manifold.
A model for adaptation-level effects on stimulus generalization

This article presents a quantitative model of adaptation-level (AL) effects on stimulus generalization and integrates results from single stimulus, go-no-go, and choice discrimination training paradigms. The model accurately predicts (a) the gradualness of the shift in responding during the course of asymmetrical generalization testing, (b) the relation between the degree of asymmetry and the amount of shift, (c) the effect of overrepresenting certain stimuli during testing, and (d) the effect of varying the amount of training. With the discrimination training paradigms the effects of the degree of separation between the training stimuli (TSs) and of the relative frequency of their presentation during training and subsequent generalization testing are consistent with an extension of the basic model. Finally, new research is described affirming the applicability of the AL model to several infrahuman species
Donor Preconditioning After the Onset of Brain Death With Dopamine Derivate n‐Octanoyl Dopamine Improves Early Posttransplant Graft Function in the Rat

Heart transplantation is the therapy of choice for end‐stage heart failure. However, hemodynamic instability, which has been demonstrated in brain‐dead donors (BDD), could also affect the posttransplant graft function. We tested the hypothesis that treatment of the BDD with the dopamine derivate n‐octanoyl‐dopamine (NOD) improves donor cardiac and graft function after transplantation. Donor rats were given a continuous intravenous infusion of either NOD (0.882 mg/kg/h, BDD+NOD, n = 6) or a physiological saline vehicle (BDD, n = 9) for 5 h after the induction of brain death by inflation of a subdural balloon catheter. Controls were sham‐operated (n = 9). In BDD, decreased left‐ventricular contractility (ejection fraction; maximum rate of rise of left‐ventricular pressure; preload recruitable stroke work), relaxation (maximum rate of fall of left‐ventricular pressure; Tau), and increased end‐diastolic stiffness were significantly improved after the NOD treatment. Following the transplantation, the NOD‐treatment of BDD improved impaired systolic function and ventricular relaxation. Additionally, after transplantation increased interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor TNF‐α, NF‐kappaB‐p65, and nuclear factor (NF)‐kappaB‐p105 gene expression, and increased caspase‐3, TNF‐α and NF‐kappaB protein expression could be significantly downregulated by the NOD treatment compared to BDD. BDD postconditioning with NOD through downregulation of the pro‐apoptotic factor caspase‐3, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and NF‐kappaB may protect the heart against the myocardial injuries associated with brain death and ischemia/reperfusion.
Role of MicroRNA-1 in Human Cancer and Its Therapeutic Potentials

While the mechanisms of human cancer development are not fully understood, evidence of microRNA (miRNA, miR) dysregulation has been reported in many human diseases, including cancer. miRs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the specific region of gene mRNAs, resulting in downregulation of gene expression. Not only are certain miRs consistently dysregulated across many cancers, but they also play critical roles in many aspects of cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Recent studies from our group and others revealed that miR-1 is frequently downregulated in various types of cancer. Through targeting multiple oncogenes and oncogenic pathways, miR-1 has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor gene that represses cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and promotes apoptosis by ectopic expression. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the aberrant expression and functional significance of miR-1 in human cancers and emphasize its significant values for therapeutic potentials.
Mediating Healthy Female Citizenship in the HPV Vaccination Campaigns

Analyzing the HPV awareness and Gardasil® vaccine campaigns for the United States (US), we argue that the campaigns reflect “the new public health” model that positions individuals as neoliberal citizens responsible for managing their health and maximizing public health opportunities. The campaigns, directed primarily at girls and young women and their mothers, also mobilized neoliberal discourses of risk, choice, and self-management alongside postfeminist political rhetoric that values empowerment, freedom, choice, and rights. Postfeminist tropes were co-opted by Merck's marketing imperatives in order to produce girls and young women as an agentic, niche market of health consumers. We then foreground a low-budget counter-narrative alternative media campaign produced by young women and disseminated through YouTube. This campaign demonstrates the role of new media in producing alternative perspectives on agentic female citizenship and disrupts Merck's campaign imperatives.
Explorative study into support needs of caregivers in short-term foster care regarding problem behaviour and dealing with biological parents

Family supporting foster care (FSFC) is a directly accessible, short-term and preventive form of foster care for children under the age of 12. Caregivers in this type of foster care need comprehensive support to deal with their complex tasks. In this contribution, the support needs arising from the behaviour of the foster child as well as concerning dealing with the biological parents of 85 Flemish FSFC-parents are examined, as these are areas FSFC-parents specifically ask support for. These support needs are evaluated for possible links with child and foster parent characteristics. More experienced foster parents and foster parents with a foster child showing more externalising problem behaviour ask for more support in managing the child's behaviour.
Subcultural Theory Applied to Jihadi and Right-Wing Radicalization in Germany

This article assesses the applicability of subcultural theories to individual cases of jihadi and Right-wing radicalization in Germany, with a focus on the individual initial situation and motivation for involvement. Within an overall qualitative research design, the article tests deviance/strain and Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) subcultural theories against four jihadi and three Right-wing extremist cases. The findings show little support for the strain-based status frustration hypothesis, but confirm the illegitimate opportunity structure thesis; modified versions of the CCCS’ resistance, bricolage, and homology concepts; as well as some of the postmodern approaches to agency and cultural cross-fertilization. The jihadi and Right-wing radicals examined here are assertive and purposive agents, strategically using the rich cultural arsenal available in the mainstream and/or other subcultures, while at the same time being themselves influenced by contemporary mainstream preferences of style. The article discusses the implications of these findings for radicalization research and specific subcultural approaches. It argues for a greater focus on both individual agency and the (sub-)cultural context for an improved understanding of individual involvement in political violence.
Malawian parents' perceptions of physical activity and child development: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND In scientific studies, physical activity is measured by the amount of bodily movement, but lay perceptions of physical activity might be different. Parental influence is important for the development of children's physical activity behaviour, and parental perceptions of facilitators of physical activity are context specific. We aimed to investigate how parents of young Malawian children conceptualize physical activity in childhood, situate it in child development and understand its facilitators. METHODS We used convenience sampling to identify parents of young children from different socio-economic backgrounds and age groups in semi-rural area of Malawi. We conducted in-depth interviews with 16 parents, a focus group discussion with six parents and key informant interviews with two nurses in Malawi. Six of the participants were fathers. We analysed the data with conventional qualitative content analysis by inductive approach. RESULTS The parents emphasized practical skills, education and proper behaviour as goals for their children. They viewed activity as encompassing both mental and physical qualities and they perceived it as a positive attribute of children. The parents discussed skills acquisition, social competence, health and bodily movement as signs for being active. As facilitators of physical activity the parents mentioned balanced diet, good health and stimulation. The main concerns of the parents in regard to facilitators of physical activity and good child development were the availability of food and the child being healthy. CONCLUSIONS Malawian parents' concept of children's physical activity is more comprehensive than scientific definition and includes aspects of both physical and mental activity.
Preadaptation to Cold Stress in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Increases Survival during Subsequent Acid Stress Exposure

ABSTRACT Salmonella is an important cause of bacterial food-borne gastroenteritis. Salmonella encounters multiple abiotic stresses during pathogen elimination methods used in food processing, and these stresses may influence its subsequent survivability within the host or in the environment. Upon ingestion, Salmonella is exposed to gastrointestinal acidity, a first line of the host innate defense system. This study tested the hypothesis that abiotic stresses encountered during food processing alter the metabolic mechanisms in Salmonella that enable survival and persistence during subsequent exposure to the host gastrointestinal acidic environment. Out of the four different abiotic stresses tested, viz., cold, peroxide, osmotic, and acid, preadaptation of the log-phase culture to cold stress (5°C for 5 h) significantly enhanced survival during subsequent acid stress (pH 4.0 for 90 min). The gene expression profile of Salmonella preadapted to cold stress revealed induction of multiple genes associated with amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and DNA repair, while only a few of the genes in the above-mentioned stress response and repair pathways were induced upon exposure to acid stress alone. Preadaptation to cold stress decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio and hydroxyl (OH·) radical formation compared with those achieved with the exposure to acid stress alone, indicating alteration of aerobic respiration and the oxidative state of the bacteria. The results from this study suggest that preadaptation to cold stress rescues Salmonella from the deleterious effect of subsequent acid stress exposure by induction of genes involved in stress response and repair pathways, by modification of aerobic respiration, and by redox modulation.
Sex Chromosome Conservation, DMRT1 Phylogeny and Gonad Morphology in Diploid Palearctic Green Toads (Bufo viridis Subgroup)

Due to the prevailing sex chromosome homomorphy and large genome size, the knowledge on sex determination systems, sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes in amphibians remains scarce. Using 3 cross-amplifying sex-linked microsatellite markers, we uncover sex determination systems and sex chromosomes in purebred, diploid Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup), which had so far only been characterized in laboratory-bred hybrids. Our data support an XY system in B. balearicus, B. viridis and B. variabilis. While females show recombination, it is strongly suppressed (or not detectable) in males. Markers corroborate the largest chromosome pair 1 (homologous to linkage group 1 of Xenopus tropicalis) to represent the sex chromosomes in diploid species of the B. viridis subgroup (B. siculus, B. shaartusiensis, B. balearicus, B. turanensis, B. variabilis, B. viridis, and probably B. boulengeri). This chromosome harbors DMRT1, a key gene of the sexual pathway in deeply divergent animal taxa. However, our phylogenetic analysis of a 600-bp fragment of that gene in diploid green toad taxa reveals that X and Y alleles cluster by species and not by gametolog. This suggests that XY-sequence similarity stems from occasional XY recombination within DMRT1, and we preliminarily reject its role as the master sex determination gene, pending future extension of this evidence to the entire DMRT1 gene. We further create a chain of evidence, which supports the hypothesis that linkage group 1 of X. tropicalis appears to be maintained as the largest chromosome (1), and thus is homologous in anuran karyotype evolution from pipid to hylid, bufonid and ranid anurans.
British Higher Education and the Bologna Process: An Interim Assessment 1

The Bologna process has attracted considerable attention and some misunderstanding. This article describes the development of the reform process since 1998, considers how it has been agreed and implemented and seeks to explain Bologna in the context of wider European Union responses to global issues of competitiveness and free trade. The article argues that the significance of Bologna lies not only in the reforms agreed and implemented, but also in the justification it provides for varying national adaptations in major states. These adaptations are driving a broader process of change amongst a large number of signatories, whose capacity to affect the detail of the reform is limited. The article identifies and analyses UK policy, and draws some conclusions about the implications of the process for the teaching of politics in UK universities.
Instructors' Perceptions of Mostly Seated Exercise Classes: Exploring the Concept of Chair Based Exercise

Chair based exercise (CBE) can be used to engage older adults unable to take part in standing exercise programmes. Defining and understanding the context of CBE have been acknowledged as a challenge. We explore instructor experiences of delivering mostly seated exercise classes for older people and how this helps us to further understand the concept of CBE. We extracted qualitative data from a cross-sectional survey with 731 exercise instructors. 378 delivered mostly seated classes and 223 of those instructors provided qualitative data. There were 155 instructors who did not provide any qualitative comments. Framework analysis was used and informed by a Delphi consensus study on CBE. Instructors perceived mostly seated classes as predominantly CBE; they defined it as an introductory class that should be offered as part of a continuum of exercise. It was considered suitable for those with limitations and older adults in long-term care and with dementia. Instructors reported CBE used inappropriately for more active older people. Instructors reported observing improvements in mood and cognition and broader social benefits. Instructors' perspectives largely support expert consensus that CBE has an important role in a continuum of exercise. Providers of CBE need to ensure that more challenging exercises are introduced where appropriate. Further research is needed to explore older adults' perceptions of CBE.
Bit-interleaved coded DPSK with cyclic delay diversity: design and analysis

In this paper, the bit-interleaved convolutionally coded differential phase shift keying (DPSK) in combination with cyclic delay diversity (CDD) is theoretically analyzed in terms of pairwise error probability (PEP). We show that bit-interleaved coded DPSK with CDD can achieve full spatial and frequency diversity offered by the frequency selectivity of wireless channel conditioned that the minimum free distance dfree of the convolutional code is larger than the target diversity order. The design criterion of the considered system is presented based on the analysis of diversity and coding gains. Finally, the theoretical results obtained in this paper are confirmed by computer simulations.
Aging prisoners' treatment selection: does prospect theory enhance understanding of end-of-life medical decisions?

PURPOSE With the rapid growth in the older inmate population and the economic impact of end-of-life treatments within the cash-strapped prison system, consideration should be given to inmate treatment preferences. We examined end-of-life treatment preferences and days of desired life for several health scenarios among male inmates incarcerated primarily for murder. DESIGN AND METHODS Inmates over the age of 45 who passed a cognitive screening completed face-to-face interviews (N = 94; mean age = 57.7; SD = 10.68). RESULTS We found a 3-way interaction indicating that the effect of parole expectation on desire for life-sustaining treatment varied by race/ethnicity and treatment. Minority inmates desired cardiopulmonary resuscitation or feeding tubes only if they believed that they would be paroled. The model predicting desire for palliative care was not significant. Future days of desired life were related to prospective health condition, fear of death, negative affect, and trust in prison health care. Caucasian inmates expressed a desire for more days of life out of prison, whereas minority inmates did not differ in days of desired life either in or out of prison. Minorities wanted more days of life than Caucasians but only if they believed that they would be paroled. IMPLICATIONS End-of-life care for the burgeoning inmate population is costly, and active life-sustaining treatments may not be desired under certain conditions. Specifically, expectation of parole but not current functional ability interacts with future illness condition in explaining inmates' desire for active treatment or days of desired life in the future.
Psychological consequences of medical accidents in personal litigants

Long-term distress was assessed in 29 patients who had suffered an injury during surgery, a failure of diagnosis or other incorrect treatment, and who had taken legal action as a result. Psychological distress reported over four years after the incident was severe: 38 per cent of those interviewed were identified as ‘cases’ for anxiety, 41 per cent for depression and 55 per cent for both on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, using the conservative cut-off criteria of 11 for caseness. Scores on the Impact of Events Scale indicated higher levels of intrusive memories and posttraumatic distress than have been previously reported for serious life-events and other accidents. Early and ongoing psychosocial interventions would benefit many victims of medical accidents. Clinical psychologists have an important role to play in providing psychological treatment where appropriate and in re-establishing a relationship of trust and confidence in health care professionals.