Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CortiQ-based Real-Time Functional Mapping for Epilepsy Surgery

Purpose: To evaluate the use of the cortiQ-based mapping system (g.tec medication engineering GmbH, Austria) for real-time functional mapping (RTFM) and to compare it to results from electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Electrocorticographic activity was recorded in 3 male patients with intractable epilepsy by using cortiQ mapping system and analyzed in real time. Activation related to motor, sensory, and receptive language tasks was determined by evaluating the power of the high gamma frequency band (60–170 Hz). The sensitivity and specificity of RTFM were tested against ESM and fMRI results. Results: “Next-neighbor” approach demonstrated [sensitivity/specificity %] (1) RTFM against ESM: 100.00/79.70 for hand motor; 100.00/73.87 for hand sensory; -/87 for language (it was not identified by the ESM); (2) RTFM against fMRI: 100.00/84.4 for hand motor; 66.70/85.35 for hand sensory; and 87.85/77.70 for language. Conclusions: The results of the quantitative “next-neighbor” RTFM evaluation were concordant to those from ESM and fMRI. The RTFM correlates well with localization of hand motor function provided by ESM and fMRI, which may offer added localization in the operating room and guidance for extraoperative ESM mapping. Real-time functional mapping correlates with fMRI language activation when ESM findings are negative. It has fewer limitations than ESM and greater flexibility in activation paradigms and measuring responses.
Severe Violence During Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Its Relation to Anticipated Rewards and Costs.

This report compares the effects (concurrent and lagged) of the anticipated rewards and costs of violent crime on engagement in severe violence in a sample of male juvenile offenders (N = 1,170; 42.1% black, 34.0% Hispanic, 19.2% white, and 4.6% other; ages 14-18 at baseline). Anticipated rewards (social approval, thrill) are more predictive of concurrent severe violence than are anticipated costs (social disapproval, risk of punishment). The analysis finds no evidence that perceptions of the rewards and costs of violent crime influence engagement in severe violence 6 months later. The results support the view that adolescence is a time of heightened reward salience but raise doubt about the longitudinal predictive validity of perceptions about crime during this time of life.
Eczema Increases Susceptibility to PM10 in Office Indoor Environments

ABSTRACT The objective was to compare impact of indoor office environment on employees with eczema with those without eczema. Exposure was measured at 56 sites and modelled for 173 work places. Tear film stability, lysozyme in nasal lavage, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and Phadiatop were assessed, and symptoms and perceptions collected by questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses were applied, adjusted for age, gender, strain, current smoking, and respiratory infections. Those with eczema perceived temperature too high but not associated with measured temperature. They had increased lysozyme in nasal lavage associated with increased air temperature difference between 6 and 10 am, more general and mucosal symptoms, and “dry or flushed facial skin” associated with airborne particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10). Impact of PM10 was most pronounced among those with eczema previous 30 days. Having eczema might be an important predictor for subjective and objective responses to indoor environment.
Factors That Influence High School Students' Decisions to Continue or Discontinue the Study of French and Spanish after Levels II, III, and IV

ABSTRACT Although the number of public secondary school students enrolled in foreign language courses increased by 5.8 percent between 1982 and 1985, student enrollment in French and Spanish classes continued to decline precipitously from Level I (first year) to Level V (fifth year). This study addressed the issue of student retention in and withdrawal from French and Spanish classes beyond the basic two-year high school sequence. The degree of influence of 16 factors on the continue/discontinue decision was measured through a Likert-scale questionnaire as well as through demographic data. Chi-square testing, t tests, and comparison of ranks were utilized to determine the strongest and weakest influences for continuing and discontinuing students. Continuing students indicated practical, utilitarian reasons as prime motivators for continuing (enhancement of college applications and language usage). Discontinuing students withdrew because of other courses that they found more suitable and because of concerns about both the level of difficulty of the following course and concerns about their present progress.
On the velocity of positive streamer propagation in dielectric liquids

The onset and propagation of discharge channels in insulators is of prime concern. The manner and rate of propagation of discharges is an important guide to the physical mechanisms involved. Most reports relating to discharge phenomena are only able to quote mean velocities for the discharge streamer. This can disguise the fact that the tip velocity is rarely constant with growth across the gap.
Spontaneous Movements of a Computer Mouse Reveal Egoism and In-group Favoritism

The purpose of the project was to assess whether the first spontaneous movements of a computer mouse, when making an assessment on a scale presented on the screen, may express a respondent’s implicit attitudes. In Study 1, the altruistic behaviors of 66 students were assessed. The students were led to believe that the task they were performing was also being performed by another person and they were asked to distribute earnings between themselves and the partner. The participants performed the tasks under conditions with and without distractors. With the distractors, in the first few seconds spontaneous mouse movements on the scale expressed a selfish distribution of money, while later the movements gravitated toward more altruism. In Study 2, 77 Polish students evaluated a painting by a Polish/Jewish painter on a scale. They evaluated it under conditions of full or distracted cognitive abilities. Spontaneous movements of the mouse on the scale were analyzed. In addition, implicit attitudes toward both Poles and Jews were measured with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). A significant association between implicit attitudes (IAT) and spontaneous evaluation of images using a computer mouse was observed in the group with the distractor. The participants with strong implicit in-group favoritism of Poles revealed stronger preference for the Polish painter’s work in the first few seconds of mouse movement. Taken together, these results suggest that spontaneous mouse movements may reveal egoism (in-group favoritism), i.e., processes that were not observed in the participants’ final decisions (clicking on the scale).
[Serum her-2/neu level and related factors in patients with breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE To detect serum her-2/neu level in patients with breast cancer of different stages and its relationship with tissue her-2/neu overexpression as well as other factors. METHODS A total of 120 women were alloted in this study, including 10 healthy volunteers, 31 breast benign disease patients, 53 primary breast cancer and 26 metastatic breast cancer patients. The level of serum her-2/neu was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Elevated serum her-2/neu levels were observed in 0/10 healthy volunteers, 0/31 patients with benign tumor and 10/53 (18.9%) operable breast cancer patients. Serum concentration of soluble her-2/neu was correlated with tumor size (P < 0.05), but not with axillary lymph nodes nor estrogen receptor status. In patients with metastatic disease, soluble her-2/neu serum level was elevated in 61.5% (16/26) of patients, which was not correlated with the site of metastasis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum her-2/neu level is correlated with tumor malignancy, stage and cancer load. It could be helpful in directing the treatment of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer.
Nasopharyngeal Decolonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Can Reduce PEG Peristomal Wound Infection

OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study is to determine whether nasopharyngeal decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can reduce peristomal wound infection shortly after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement.METHODS:Of the 84 hospitalized patients referred for PEG, 72 were enrolled in a one-third observation (Group A) and two-thirds in a randomized trial (Groups B and C). Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from a consecutive series of patients prior to PEG insertion. Based upon these results, they were classified into three groups: Group A, MRSA-negative (n = 24), Group B, MRSA-positive, but not eradicated (n = 24), Group C, MRSA-positive and eradicated with intranasal application of mupirocin, arbekacin inhalation, and oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 24). The standard PEG pull-through insertion technique was performed on all 72 patients. All patients received prophylactic and concomitant antibiotics. Infections at the peristomal site were prospectively evaluated and defined as having at least two of the following conditions: peristomal erythema, induration, and purulent discharge. Bacterial culture using purulent discharge was performed.RESULTS:There was significant difference in the peristomal infection rates among the groups: Group A, 0% (0/0); Group B, 100% (24/24); Group C, 8% (2/24) (p≤ 0.0001). In Group C, nasopharyngeal decolonization of MRSA, which was achieved by the combination of intranasal mupirocin, arbekacin inhalation, and oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in all 24 patients, significantly reduced peristomal infections. Eighteen (16 in Group B and 2 in Group C) of these 26 infected patients had cellulitis and developed purulent discharge from which MRSA was isolated.CONCLUSIONS:Nasopharyngeal decolonization of MRSA can reduce peristomal infection shortly after the pull-through PEG insertion. MRSA appears to be a major pathogen in PEG peristomal infection while prophylactic and concomitant antibiotics are being used.
HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery Coingestion of protein with carbohydrate during recovery from endurance exercise stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in humans

Howarth KR, Moreau NA, Phillips SM, Gibala MJ. Coingestion of protein with carbohydrate during recovery from endurance exercise stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis in humans. J Appl Physiol 106: 1394 –1402, 2009. First published November 26, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90333. 2008. —Coingestion of protein with carbohydrate (CHO) during recovery from exercise can affect muscle glycogen synthesis, particularly if CHO intake is suboptimal. Another potential benefit of protein feeding is an increased synthesis rate of muscle proteins, as is well documented after resistance exercise. In contrast, the effect of nutrient manipulation on muscle protein kinetics after aerobic exercise remains largely unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that ingesting protein with CHO after a standardized 2-h bout of cycle exercise would increase mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and whole body net protein balance (WBNB) vs. trials matched for total CHO or total energy intake. We also examined whether postexercise glycogen synthesis could be enhanced by adding protein or additional CHO to a feeding protocol that provided 1.2 g CHO kg 1 h , which is the rate generally recommended to maximize this process. Six active men ingested drinks during the first 3 h of recovery that provided either 1.2 g CHO kg 1 h 1 (L-CHO), 1.2 g CHO 0.4 g protein kg 1 h 1 (PROCHO), or 1.6 g CHO kg 1 h 1 (H-CHO) in random order. Based on a primed constant infusion of L-[ring-H5]phenylalanine, analysis of biopsies (vastus lateralis) obtained at 0 and 4 h of recovery showed that muscle FSR was higher (P 0.05) in PRO-CHO (0.09 0.01%/h) vs. both L-CHO (0.07 0.01%/h) and H-CHO (0.06 0.01%/h). WBNB assessed using [1-C]leucine was positive only during PRO-CHO, and this was mainly attributable to a reduced rate of protein breakdown. Glycogen synthesis rate was not different between trials. We conclude that ingesting protein with CHO during recovery from aerobic exercise increased muscle FSR and improved WBNB, compared with feeding strategies that provided CHO only and were matched for total CHO or total energy intake. However, adding protein or additional CHO to a feeding strategy that provided 1.2 g CHO kg 1 h 1 did not further enhance glycogen resynthesis during recovery.
Freshly Prepared or Reheated? The Effect of Cold Storage and Reheating of Parboiled Rice on Consumer Preference and Acceptability in Auckland, New Zealand

16 Background: Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that storage of cooked rice at 17 4 °C for 24 h and reheating to 65 °C significantly reduced starch digestibility and postprandial 18 glycaemic responses. Moreover, the effect was greater for parboiled rice compared to other rice 19 varieties commonly consumed in New Zealand. This study aimed to evaluate consumer preferences 20 of related sensory attributes and consumer acceptability of several rice varieties freshly cooked or 21 reheated. Method: Sixty-four consumers volunteered and recorded on Visual Analoge Scales their 22 preference and acceptability of freshly prepared or cold-stored and reheated medium grain white, 23 medium grain brown and parboiled rice. Results: All six rice samples were accepted by participants 24 (average 54%). Reheated parboiled rice and reheated medium grain brown rice were both accepted 25 by participants as a preferred staple meal compared to other rice samples. Among all rice samples, 26 the sweetness and the flavour of freshly cooked warm medium-grain white rice were less preferred 27 (scored 42.1% and 45.0% respectively) compared with other samples (P = 0.05). Participants who 28 prepared and consumed brown rice at home regularly (more than 10 times per month), preferred 29 the reheated brown rice (73.8% (67.4, 80.2)) and reheated parboiled rice (74.3% (67.9, 80.7)) (P < 30 0.001). Conclusions: It is suggested that reheated parboiled rice, with the lowest starch digestibility 31 and glycaemic impact (both in vitro glucose release and in vivo glucose response) could be accepted 32 as a healthier alternative for the daily staple meal. 33
Ecological Consumer Behaviour: An Empirical Analysis

Increasingly, consumers choose ecological products when they do the shopping, not only because it is a healthier option but also because it helps to sustain the environment for future generations. They are prepared to switch products for ecological reasons and stop buying products from companies that cause pollution. Firms and other economic institutions are aware of the importance of reflecting these attitudes towards the environment in developing their products. This paper is focused on environmental attitudes as meaningful predictor of ecological behaviour. A three-dimensional approach to this variable has been developed, which addresses its emotional, cognitive and conative components. A random sample survey of 573 individuals was used to verify the conceptual model and framework. This model was assessed initially by principal factor analysis and subsequently, by structural equation modelling. Findings of this study showed that environmental attitudes have a significant effect on ecological behaviour. This research improves our understanding of how consumers feel and what attitudes best define their way of behaving in relation to environmental problems.
Perception of nonadjacent tonic-key relationships

The issue of structural nonadjacency in music and language was explored from a musical perspective in an experiment employing a stimulus-matching paradigm. The experiment measured the perceptual effect of a temporally nonadjacent key on the closure of a musical phrase; participants rated a stimulus-ending two-chord probe cadence for its closural properties. The temporal rate of decay of the nonadjacent key in memory was observed by varying the length of the intervening key area; that is, the key temporally adjacent to the probe cadence. Evidence emerged that listeners were able to hold the nonadjacent key in memory for over 10 seconds, indicating “global” nonadjacent harmonic perceptions. The study provides qualified evidence to support the notion that there are syntactic parallelisms between language and music, particularly in respect of nonadjacent key relationships.
Modification of physiological responses of water stressed Zea mays seedlings by leachate of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia.

summary. The present study deals with the effects of allelochemicals present in leachate on the drought response of maize plants. Nicotiana plumbaginifolia was selected as a donor plant. 12-d-old maize (Zea mays L. cv. Uttam) seedlings with and without leachate were subjected to water stress (WS) by withholding water supply for 6 days. Leaf water status, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, proline, nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and activities of antioxidant enzymes were examined in 18-d-old seedlings. Root and shoot lengths of seedlings decreased in all treatments except in the water stressed seedlings where an increase in root length was recorded. WS decreased relative water content (RWC), pigments and protein content. The decrease was significant when the plants were subjected to both WS as well as allelochemical stress (AS). The higher concentration of leachate caused a drastic decrease in NRA under WS. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased under WS. POX activity was not significantly increased under WS alone, but it was significant for the combined stress. However, the higher concentration of leachate (N75 and N100) caused a decrease of these antioxidants. Accumulation of proline was stimulated in plants under WS and WS+AS. Root proline was higher than shoot proline. Impairment of metabolic activities due to WS and the combined effect of WS+AS resulted in inhibited plant growth. The effect of WS was more pronounced in seedlings already experiencing allelopathic condition.
High-energy charged particle bursts in the near-Earth space as earthquake precursors

Abstract. The experimental data on high-energy charged particle fluxes, obtained in various near-Earth space experiments (MIR orbital station, METEOR-3, GAMMA and SAMPEX satellites) were processed and analyzed with the goal to search for particle bursts. Particle bursts have been selected in every experiment considered. It was shown that the significant part of high-energy charged particle bursts correlates with seismic activity. Moreover, the particle bursts are observed several hours before strong earthquakes; L-shells of particle bursts and corresponding earthquakes are practically the same. Some features of a seismo-magnetosphere connection model, based on the interaction of electromagnetic emission of seismic origin and radiation belt particles, were considered. Key words. Ionospheric physics (energetic particles, trapped; energetic particles, precipitating; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions)
Increased luteinizing hormone sensitivity to dopamine inhibition in polycystic ovary syndrome.

The elevated LH secretion in 8 patients with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) was promptly suppressed by the infusion of dopamine (DA; 4 microgram/kg.min for 4 h). Compared to normal women studied during the early follicular phase, the maximal LH suppression due to DA infusion was significantly greater in PCO patients when expressed as either the net or percent decrease. This enhanced LH sensitivity to DA inhibition in PCO patients with chronically elevated estrogens, suggests that the inappropriately elevated LH release and the exaggerated LH pulses may be causally related, in part, to a reduction of endogenous DA inhibition of LH secretory activity.
Three dimensional inversion of multisource time domain electromagnetic data

We present a 3D inversion methodology for multisource time-domain electromagnetic data. The forward model consists of Maxwell’s equations in time where the permeability is fixed but electrical conductivity can be highly discontinuous. The goal of the inversion is to recover the conductivitygiven measurements of the electric and/or magnetic fields. The availability of matrix-factorization software and highperformance computing has allowed us to solve the 3D time domain EM problem using direct solvers. This is particularly advantageous when data from many transmitters and over many decades are available. We first formulate Maxwell’s equations in terms of the magnetic field, ~ H. The problem is then discretized using a finite volume technique in space and backward Euler in time. The forward operator is symmetric positive definite and a Cholesky decomposition can be performed with the work distributed over an array of processors. The forward modeling is quickly carried out using the factored operator. Time savings are considerable and they make 3D inversion of large ground or airborne data sets feasible. This is illustrated by using synthetic examples and by inverting a multisource UTEM field data set acquired at San Nicolas, which is a massive sulfide deposit in Mexico.
Gender-Specificity of Genital Response and Self-Reported Sexual Arousal in Women Endorsing Facets of Bisexuality

Gender-specific sexual arousal has been examined in women with sexual attractions toward predominantly women or men, but not in women reporting sexual attractions to both genders. In this study, women who endorsed one or more facets of bisexuality—sexual orientation, sexual identity, romantic attraction, sexual fantasy, sexual behavior—listened to narratives describing sexual and nonsexual interactions with female and male partners while their genital response and self-reported sexual arousal were assessed. Contrary to expectations, across the bisexuality facets, female gender cues produced a greater degree of genital response and self-reported sexual arousal than male gender cues, regardless of the number of facets of bisexuality that were endorsed. This pattern of results replicates those obtained by Timmers, Bouchard, and Chivers (2015) using audiovisual stimuli. Implications for our understanding of women's sexual attractions and response are discussed.
Incentives in the diffusion of family planning innovations.

The first large-scale incentive program in family planning began in 1956 in India and since then incentive programs have spread; today at least 9 countries pay family planning incentives. A review of the history of incentives reveals the following criteria of incentives by which incentives can be classified; adopter vs. diffuser individual vs. group positive vs. negative monetary vs. nonmonetary immediate vs. delayed graduated vs. nongraduated contraception vs. births-prevented incentives. Based on research and experience with incentive schemes some generalizations can be made: (1) adopter incentives and diffuser incentives increase the rate of adoption of an innovation; (2) adopter incentives lead to adoption by different individuals than would otherwise adopt; (3) adopter and diffuser incentives may increase the quantity of adoptions but the quality may be low leading to undesirable consequences. Further research is needed on the process of persuasion and innovation decision so that the right people can be approached. This could prevent the necessity for coercive measures to control population growth.