Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical analysis of two decades of experience with postinjury emergency department thoracotomy in a regional trauma center.

BACKGROUND Despite numerous studies, no clear consensus exists for the optimal use of emergency department thoracotomy (EDT). As such, we have continued to critically review our experience with EDT during the last 23 years to clarify indications for EDT and evaluate its cost-effectiveness. METHODS This was a retrospective review of 950 EDTs performed at our regional Level I trauma center during the last 23 years. Cost-benefit ratios were calculated using standardized models. RESULTS In 23 years, 950 patients underwent postinjury thoracotomy. We were able to obtain the complete medical records for 868 patients (91%). Overall survival was 4.4%, with 3.9% surviving functionally intact. All survivors of blunt trauma had either palpable pulse or recorded blood pressure in the field. Blunt trauma functional survival when field vital signs were present was 2.5%. Of note, 26.5% of our functional survivors sustained penetrating injuries and had no pulse or blood pressure in the field. Stab wounds to the chest and gunshot wounds to the abdomen were the two mechanisms of injury most likely to be survived. The benefit-charge ratio was strongly in favor of performing EDT at 5.6:1; it was 1.8:1 if adjusted for the cost of maintaining all neurologically injured survivors throughout their lifetime. CONCLUSION EDT is efficacious and cost-effective for select patient populations. We suggest a key clinical pathway for the use of EDT that would reduce the number of procedures by at least 32% without changing the number of neurologically intact survivors.
Electrical impedance characterization of normal and cancerous human hepatic tissue

The four-electrode method was used to measure the ex vivo complex electrical impedance of tissues from 14 hepatic tumors and the surrounding normal liver from six patients. Measurements were done in the frequency range 1–400 kHz. It was found that the conductivity of the tumor tissue was much higher than that of the normal liver tissue in this frequency range (from 0.14 ± 0.06 S m−1 versus 0.03 ± 0.01 S m−1 at 1 kHz to 0.25 ± 0.06 S m−1 versus 0.15 ± 0.03 S m−1 at 400 kHz). The Cole–Cole models were estimated from the experimental data and the four parameters (ρ0, ρ∞, α, fc) were obtained using a least-squares fit algorithm. The Cole–Cole parameters for the cancerous and normal liver are 9 ± 4 Ω m−1, 2.2 ± 0.7 Ω m−1, 0.5 ± 0.2, 140 ± 103 kHz and 50 ± 28 Ω m−1, 3.2 ± 0.6 Ω m−1, 0.64 ± 0.04, 10 ± 7 kHz, respectively. These data can contribute to developing bioelectric applications for tissue diagnostics and in tissue treatment planning with electrical fields such as radiofrequency tissue ablation, electrochemotherapy and gene therapy with reversible electroporation, nanoscale pulsing and irreversible electroporation.
Who teaches primary physical education? Change and transformation through the eyes of subject leaders

ABSTRACT Primary physical education (PE) lessons tend to be taught by one, or a combination of, three different groups: generalist classroom teachers, specialist primary PE teachers and so-called adults other than teachers, who are almost exclusively sports coaches. Drawing upon data gathered from one-to-one interviews with 36 subject leaders (SLs), this study sought answers to two main questions: ‘Who delivers primary PE nowadays? ’ and ‘What are the consequences? ’ The findings revealed that the most common model for the delivery of PE involved responsibility being shared between the generalist class teacher and either a sports coach or specialist PE teacher. The SLs recognised strengths and weaknesses in all of the three main approaches used. However, while they favoured the use of specialist teachers because of their subject knowledge and expertise, the more prosaic constraints of cost and flexibility meant that the use of coaches had become increasingly popular. Whether or not, the growth of coaches is de-professionalising the delivery of PE, it certainly appears to be exacerbating any existing tendency to turn primary PE into a pale imitation of the sport-biased curricular of secondary schools. Ironically, the apparent ‘threat’ to the status of PE in the primary curriculum (as well as the status of PE specialists) posed by the growth of coaches in curricular PE in primary schools may well be exaggerated by the Primary PE and Sport Premium which appears to have added momentum to a change of direction regarding staffing the subject—towards sports coaches and away from generalist classroom teachers and PE specialists. As the shift towards outsourcing PE to commercial sports coaches becomes increasingly commonplace, it seems appropriate to talk of transformation, rather than mere change, in the delivery of primary PE.
Relational colour constancy from invariant cone-excitation ratios

Quantitative measurements of perceptual colour constancy show that human observers have a limited and variable ability to match coloured surfaces in scenes illuminated by different light sources. Observers can, however, make fast and reliable discriminations between changes in illuminant and changes in the reflecting properties of scenes, a discriminative ability that might be based on a visual coding of spatial colour relations. This coding could be provided by the ratios of cone-photoreceptor excitations produced by light from different surfaces: for a large class of pigmented surfaces and for surfaces with random spectral reflectances, these ratios are statistically almost invariant under changes in illumination by light from the sun and sky or from a planckian radiator. Cone-excitation ratios offer a possible, although not necessarily unique, basis for perceptual colour constancy in so far as it concerns colour relations.
Retaliatory Auto Theft

Drawing from a qualitative sample of active auto thieves, this article examines the moralistic underpinnings of auto theft. Our findings indicate that retaliatory auto theft is either direct or indirect. In direct forms of payback, auto theft reprises a specific violator for a specific affront, and the theft serves as that reprisal. In indirect payback, the target’s culpability is lacking: Auto theft either removes some generalized loss or facilitates a broader retributive objective secondary to the theft target. Discussion focuses on the distinction between revenge and retribution and how auto theft emerges as a feasible choice given the universe of available retaliatory options, and despite the longstanding preference among street offenders for violence.
Human brain activation under controlled thermal stimulation and habituation to noxious heat: An fMRI study

Brain activity was studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) following thermal stimulation. Two groups (n = 6/group) of human male volunteers were given up to four noxious (46°C) and four non‐noxious (41°C) stimuli. In the 46°C experiment, positive signal changes were found in the frontal gyri, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex (SI and SII), supplementary motor area, insula, and cerebellum. Low‐level negative signal changes appeared in the amygdala and hypothalamus. All regions activated by 46°C were also activated by 41°C. However, except for SI and thalamus, significantly more activation was observed for the 46°C stimulus. A significant attenuation of the signal change was observed by the third stimulus for the 46°C, but not for 41°C experiment. Similar findings were replicated in the second group. These fMRI findings specify differences between somatosensory and pain sensation and suggest a number of rich avenues for future research. Magn Reson Med 41:1044–1057, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Revalidation of Students’ Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness Rating Scale

This study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the Students‟ Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness Rating Scale (SETERS). The study examined the factor structure of SETERS; it also investigated its convergent validity and determined the coefficients of its internal consistency and stability reliability. The study population comprised all undergraduate students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. A sample of 1,000 undergraduate students was selected by systematic sampling. The selected students completed SETERS developed by Toland and Ayala (2005). The collected data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and factor analysis (using unrotated principal component analysis. Results emanating from principal component analysis suggested five factors with eigenvalue greater than 1 that accounted for 59.967% of the total scale variance. Only the values of item loadings on factor one were significant. Scree plot also suggested only one factor, Instructor‟s Delivery of Course Information, and this was exemplified by the significant values of item loadings on the factor. Results also confirmed SETTERS as demonstrating strong convergent validity (r = 0.52, p = 0.02) against Student Evaluation of Education Quality scale developed by Marsh (1984). Finally, SETTERS was found to be reliable with a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.91 and a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.98. It was concluded that SETTERS in its present form (i.e. in this study) is suitable for use in the evaluation of teaching effectiveness of lecturers in Nigerian universities. Keywords : SETTERS, Validation, Construct Validation, Scaling Ife PsychologIA , 20(2), September 2012
Extracting Leadership Knowledge from Formative Experiences

Leadership formative experiences (LFEs) are those experiences that make a high impact on leaders resulting in learning relevant to their leadership. This intervention was designed to capture LFEs through bi-focal lenses of leadership research (explore the process by which leaders build and share knowledge) and development (raise participants' awareness of self and others to shape effective leadership interventions). Senior leaders participating on a leadership development programme recounted LFEs in peer groups to surface their learning. Most LFEs occurred in adulthood (76%) identifying `self-improvement' (40%), `coping with struggle'(33%), `personal relationship/role model' (13%) and `parental/symbolic relationship' (5%) sensemaking categories. Only 8 per cent addressed a `natural process'supporting a `born leader' view and 1 per cent involved identification with a cause. Experiences powered `from within' in pursuit of self-development were more effective in extracting lessons from LFEs than where learning occurred through coping with adversity. The research details LFE impact located in the social construction process embedded in micro-interactions of leaders with those they help develop.
Towards holistic free-living assessment in Parkinson's disease: Unification of gait and fall algorithms with a single accelerometer

Technological developments have seen the miniaturization of sensors, small enough to be embedded in wearable devices facilitating unobtrusive and longitudinal monitoring in free-living environments. Concurrently, the advances in algorithms have been ad-hoc and fragmented. To advance the mainstream use of wearable technology and improved functionality of algorithms all methodologies must be unified and robustly tested within controlled and free-living conditions. Here we present and unify a (i) gait segmentation and analysis algorithm and (ii) a fall detection algorithm. We tested the unified algorithms on a cohort of young healthy adults within a laboratory. We then deployed the algorithms on longitudinal (7 day) accelerometer-based data from an older adult with Parkinson's disease (PD) to quantify real world gait and falls. We compared instrumented falls to a self-reported falls diary to test algorithm efficiency and discuss the use of unified algorithms to impact free-living assessment in PD where accurate recognition of gait may reduce the number of automated detected falls (38/week). This informs ongoing work to use gait and related outcomes as pragmatic clinical markers.
Assessment Practices in the English and French Component of a Foreign Languages Teacher Education Program

Abstract This article reports on part of an evaluative investigation of the academic processes of a Foreign Languages Teacher Education Program. The study focuses on analyzing assessment practices carried out by teachers in English and French courses and the perceptions students and professors have about these practices. Focus groups were implemented for collecting perspectives from teachers and students. Results show that assessment practices are heterogeneous which is due not only to factors identified in literature but also due to important factors depending on particular situations of a public higher education institution in Colombia. Findings are useful for the self-assessment of language programs in order to improve the curriculum. Key words : assessment practices, evaluation of competences, testing, evaluative research ResumenPracticas evaluativas en el componente de ingles y frances de un programa de licenciatura en lenguas extranjeras Este articulo es parte de los resultados de una investigacion evaluativa que tuvo por objeto de estudio los procesos academicos de una licenciatura en lenguas extranjeras. El estudio se centra en el analisis de las practicas de evaluacion desarrolladas por los profesores en los cursos de ingles y de frances y las percepciones de estudiantes y profesores sobre dichas practicas. Los resultados
Toolkit‐Based Modelling and Serious Play as Means to Foster Creativity in Innovation Processes

In this article we describe and discuss means that foster the emergence of innovation through representational methods which interrelate manual modeling with playfulness. Based on the observation that demands to innovation processes have changed significantly in recent years due to changed collaboration forms, like co-configuration or open innovation, we look for a methodological approach able to deal with such collaboration forms. We describe and discuss a methodological approach on how innovation processes in heterogeneous – interdisciplinary, cross-functional and interorganizational – groups can be kicked off to bring about collectively shared understanding, as well as the ability to develop creative ideas. The approach relies on a playful modeling methodology, which is based on the hands-on creation of visualizations and physical models in connection with their verbal explanation and narration. With reference to two case studies we report and discuss experiences of applying the methodology.
Preparing Rural Adolescents for Post‐High School Transitions

In this study, the authors evaluated the impact of 4 career development curricular strategies and emotional/instrumental support in preparing rural adolescents to make successful post-high school transitions. Curriculum strategies and perceived support helped 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students attain critical aspects of career development, enhanced student satisfaction that their education was better preparing them to achieve future educational and career goals, and increased student intentions to enter post-high school settings that required greater levels of education and training. Girls reported earning higher grades and participating in more work-based learning activities and intended to enter post–high school training settings that required more education than did boys.
A Recurrent and Compositional Model for Personality Trait Recognition from Short Texts

Many methods have been used to recognise author personality traits from text, typically combining linguistic feature engineering with shallow learning models, e.g. linear regression or Support Vector Machines. This work uses deep-learning-based models and atomic features of text, the characters, to build hierarchical, vectorial word and sentence representations for trait inference. This method, applied to a corpus of tweets, shows state-of-the-art performance across five traits compared with prior work. The results, supported by preliminary visualisation work, are encouraging for the ability to detect complex human traits.
The Short FES-I: a shortened version of the falls efficacy scale-international to assess fear of falling.

BACKGROUND the 16-item Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) has been shown to have excellent reliability and construct validity. However, for practical and clinical purposes, a shortened version of the FES-I would be useful. OBJECTIVE to develop and validate a shortened version of FES-I while preserving good psychometric properties. DESIGN initial development of a shortened version using data from a UK survey (Short FES-I; n = 704), test of reliability and validity of the Short FES-I using data from a Dutch survey (n = 300). SETTING community samples. METHODS comparison of reliability and validity of the Short FES-I and the FES-I in a random sample of 193 people aged between 70 and 92. RESULTS the internal and 4-week test-retest reliability of the Short FES-I is excellent (Cronbach's alpha 0.92, intra-class coefficient 0.83) and comparable to the FES-I. The correlation between the Short FES-I and the FES-I is 0.97. Patterns in differences with respect to mean scores according to age, sex, falls history, and overall fear of falling are similar for the Short FES-I and the FES-I. The FES-I had slightly better power to discriminate between groups differentiated by age, sex, falls history, and fear falling, but differences are small. CONCLUSIONS the Short FES-I is a good and feasible measure to assess fear of falling in older persons. However, if researchers or clinicians are particularly interested in the distributions of specific fear of falling-related activities not included in the Short FES-I, the use of the full FES-I is recommended.
Mechanisms Shaping Fast Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents in the Central Nervous System

How different factors contribute to determine the time course of the basic element of fast glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in the central nervous system has been a focus of interest of neurobiologists for some years. In spite of intensive investigations, these mechanisms are not well understood. In this review, basic hypotheses are summarized, and a new hypothesis is proposed, which holds that desensitization of AMPA receptros plays a major role in shaping the time course of fast mEPSCs. According to the new hypothesis, desensitization shortens the time course of mEPSCs largely by reducing the buffering of glutamate molecules by AMPA receptors. The hypothesis accounts for numerous findings on fast mEPSCs and is expected to be equally fruitful as a framework for further experimental and theoretical investigations.
Post-processual challenges for the emerging strategy-as-practice perspective: Discovering strategy in the logic of practice

The recent turn to ‘strategy practice’ offers a genuine opportunity for establishing an alternative perspective that is clearly distinct from the traditional strategy process view. The challenge is to clarify and articulate an alternative set of ontological and epistemological premises for founding this new approach to theorizing strategy.What has been called the ‘practice turn’ in social theory provides this alternative basis for a ‘post-processual’ approach to theorizing strategy-as-practice. This ‘practice turn’ involves a radical reformulation of the intractable problem of agency and structure that enables us to bypass the ‘micro/macro’ distinction so intimately tied to the social sciences in general and to strategy research in particular. Already, there are signs that the discourse of the strategy-as-practice research community reflects this awareness and are thus straining towards some form of ‘trans-individual’ explanation that is not restricted to the mere ‘activities’ of strategy actors nor to the traditional emphasis on macro-structures and processes. This article contributes to the clarification of some of the underlying premises of current strategy theorizing and shows how the strategy-as-practice perspective can further differentiate itself from the strategy process view. From the social practices viewpoint, everyday strategy practices are discernible patterns of actions arising from habituated tendencies and internalized dispositions rather than from deliberate, purposeful goal-setting initiatives. We term this epistemological stance ‘post-processual’. Such a post-processual world-view offers a revised understanding of strategy emergence that has profound explanatory implications for the strategy-as-practice movement.
Alternating Iteration for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0<p\leq 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) Regularized CT Reconstruction

The lp (0 <; p <; 1) regularization has attracted a great attention in the compressive sensing field, because it can obtain sparser solutions than the well-known l1 regularization. Recently, we developed an approximate general analytic thresholding representation for any lp regularization with 0 <; p <; 1. The derived thresholding representations are exact for the well-known soft-threshold filtering for l1 regularization and the hard-threshold filtering for l0 regularization. Because the lp regularization is a nonconvex problem, an iterative algorithm can only converge to local optima instead of the global optimum. In this paper, we propose an alternating iteration algorithm for computed tomography reconstruction in a thresholding form based on our general analytic thresholding representation for better convergent properties. The alternating iteration algorithm alternatively minimizes one l1 and one lp (0 <; p <; 1) regularized objective functions. While the lp regularization can help to find a sparser solution, the l1 regularization can help to monitor the solution not away from the global optimum. Both numerical simulations and phantom experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed alternating iteration algorithm. Compared with the lp (0 <; p <; 1) regularization using a single p, the proposed alternating iteration algorithm reduces more data measurements for accurate reconstruction and is more robust for projection noise.
Gaps in Doctor-Patient Communication: Doctor-Patient Interaction Analysis

Extract: As one of several approaches to scientific analysis of doctor-patient communication 285 visits to a pediatric walk-in clinic were scrutinized using an expanded version of Bales' Interaction Process Analysis Data analysis consisted of individual case studies and computer programs for descriptive summaries of cases and index scores. Factor analysis and chi-square calculations were among the methods used to test significant relations between attributes of the doctor-patient interaction and the dependent variables, patient satisfaction, compliance, and demography.As hypothesized, a distinctive behavior pattern emerged for doctor, parent, and child. Doctors were found to talk more but show less emotion than mothers. Almost two-thirds of the mother's communication related to medical history, while the doctor discussed history and treatment but gave little reassurance or friendlines to the mother, almost half of his conversation with the child consisited of friendly statements. In general, outcome of the medical consultation was found to be favourably influenced by having physician who was friendly, expressed solidarity, took some time to discuss nonmedical, social subjects, and gave the impression of offering information freely without the patients having to request it or feeling excessively questioned.Speculation: Because of the complicated nature and limited methods available for study, the doctor-patient relation has rarely been subjected to scientific inquiry or attempts at quantification. It is hoped that the present effort as well as other ongoing studies will contribute to a body of scientific information which in itself may have application for pediatric education and practice and which ultimately might contribute one approach in urgently needed studies of the quality of medical care.