Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Madame bovary on the holodeck: immersive interactive storytelling

In this paper, we describe a small-scale, yet complete, integration of a real-time immersive interactive storytelling system. While significant progress has been achieved in recent years on the individual component technologies of interactive storytelling, the main objective of this work is to investigate the concept of interactive storytelling in a fully immersive context. We describe each individual component of immersive interactive storytelling from a technical perspective. We have used a commercial game engine as a development environment, supporting real-time visualisation as well as the inclusion of Artificial Intelligence components controlling virtual actors. This visualisation engine has been ported to an immersive setting using dedicated software and hardware supporting real-time stereoscopic visualisation. The hardware platform is built around a 4-sided CAVE-like immersive display operated by a PC-cluster. The interactive storytelling engine is constituted by a planning system based on characters motivations and emotional states. The user can interact with the virtual world using multimodal interaction. We illustrate the system's behaviour on the implementation of excerpts from Madame Bovary, a classic XIXth century novel, and demonstrate the ability for the user to play the role of one of the characters and influence the unfolding of the story by his actions.
Attachment organization in maltreated preschoolers

Abstract Attachment theory predicts that maltreated children will form insecure patterns of attachment to their caregivers and that attachment relationships are open to change with development. In this cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation, we examined the attachment patterns of 125 maltreated and nonmaltreated preschoolers from the low socioeconomic strata (SES). Maltreated and demographically matched nonmaltreated comparison children were assessed in the Strange Situation at 30, 36, and 48 months of age, along with a subsample of children who were observed longitudinally across a 6- to 18-month period. Attachment relations were classified using a newly developed system for assessing attachment in the preschool years by Cassidy and Marvin (1991). Results revealed that, at each age, maltreated children were significantly more likely to evidence insecure patterns of attachment to their caregivers. The specific types of insecurity demonstrated by children varied with age. Longitudinally, the high percentage of nonmaltreated children who were classified as securely attached were likely to remain securely attached at subsequent assessments. In contrast, the small number of maltreated children who evidenced secure attachments were unlikely to be classified as secure at later assessments. These data provide new information on the patterns of attachment maltreated children exhibit in the preschool years.
The leucine rich region of DNA-PKcs contributes to its innate DNA affinity

DNA-PK is a protein complex that consists of a DNA-binding, regulatory subunit [Ku] and a larger ∼465 kDa catalytic subunit [DNA-PKcs], a serine/threonine protein kinase. The kinase activity of DNA-PKcs resides between residues 3745 and 4013, a PI3 kinase domain. Another recognized domain within this large protein is a leucine zipper (LZ) motif or perhaps more appropriately designated a leucine rich region (LRR) that spans residues 1503–1602. Whereas, DNA-PK's kinase activity has been shown to be absolutely indispensable for its function in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), little is known about the functional relevance of the LRR. Here we show that DNA-PKcs with point mutations in the LRR can only partially reverse the radiosensitive phenotype and V(D)J recombination deficits of DNA-PKcs deficient cells. Disruption of the LRR motif affects the ability to purify DNA-PKcs via its binding to DNA-cellulose, but does not affect its interaction with Ku or its catalytic activity. These data suggest that the LRR region of DNA-PKcs may contribute to its intrinsic DNA affinity, and moreover, that intrinsic DNA binding is important for optimal function of DNA-PKcs in repairing double strand breaks in living cells.
Class I HLA haplotypes form two schools that educate NK cells in different ways

Individuals heterozygous for HLA haplotypes have increased NK cell diversity because of distinct education pathways. NK cell immunity gets schooled Population-level genetic analysis can give us clues as to which factors guide immune evolution. Now, Horowitz et al. have applied this analysis to polymorphisms in HLA that affect NK cell education. They find that the HLA-B haplotype −21M that delivers functional peptides to the conserved CD94/NKG2A receptor rarely encodes ligands for the more diverse killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), in contrast to the haplotype −21T, which does not deliver functional peptides. Individuals homo- or heterozygous for −21M are more likely to have more diverse CD94/NKG2A+ NK cells, suggesting that these HLA haplotypes may have specialized to either the KIR or CD94/NKG2A school through complementary coevolution. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that have vital functions in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as placental reproduction. Polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I educates NK cells through interactions with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and by supplying peptides that bind HLA-E to form ligands for CD94/NKG2A receptors on NK cells. HLA-B dimorphism in the leader peptide modulates this latter function: −21methionine (−21M) delivers functional peptides, but −21threonine (−21T) does not. Genetic analysis of human populations worldwide showed that haplotypes with −21M HLA-B rarely encoded the KIR ligands Bw4+HLA-B and C2+HLA-C. Thus, there are two fundamental forms of HLA haplotype: one preferentially supplying CD94/NKG2A ligands and the other preferentially supplying KIR ligands. This −21 HLA-B dimorphism divides the human population into three groups: M/M, M/T, and T/T. Mass cytometry and assays of immune function demonstrated that M/M and M/T individuals have CD94/NKG2A+ NK cells that are better educated, phenotypically more diverse, and functionally more potent than those in T/T individuals. The KIR school of NK cell education evolved in the context of the much older CD94/NKG2A school, and this complementary coevolution may have facilitated the specialization of HLA haplotypes toward one school or the other.
Photovoltaic characteristics of single wall carbon nanotube (CNT): PCBM organic solar cell-effect of CNT chirality variation

This paper advances the field of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) organic solar cells by studying the photovoltaic characteristics to understand the optimization process for obtaining better power conversion efficiency (PCE). Open circuit voltage (Voc) is interpreted with the energy offset between donor and acceptor level. Quantum efficiency (QE) has been simulated considering absorption, exciton dissociation and charge collection efficiency for OPV materials. The simulated QE summed over the solar spectrum to find the short circuit current density (Jsc). Single chiral semiconducting single wall carbon nanotube (s-SWCNTs) are used as the donor with (6,6)-phenyl-C61- butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). By changing the chirality of SWCNTs, the photovoltaic parameters are optimized. Highest Voc of 0.7849V has been achieved for (8,1) chiral CNT. Jsc can be maximized up to 3.65mA/cm2 and fill factor to 0.466 for (10,3) CNT. Finally PCE of around 1% has been found for chirality (10,3) and (11,1). In this work PCE has been increased through a range of about 14.75% by changing the chirality of CNTs.
Hepatitis C virus induces a mutator phenotype: Enhanced mutations of immunoglobulin and protooncogenes

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a nonretroviral oncogenic RNA virus, which is frequently associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and B cell lymphoma. We demonstrated here that acute and chronic HCV infection caused a 5- to 10-fold increase in mutation frequency in Ig heavy chain, BCL-6, p53, and β-catenin genes of in vitro HCV-infected B cell lines and HCV-associated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphomas, and HCCs. The nucleotide-substitution pattern of p53 and β-catenin was different from that of Ig heavy chain in HCV-infected cells, suggesting two different mechanisms of mutation. In addition, the mutated protooncogenes were amplified in HCV-associated lymphomas and HCCs, but not in lymphomas of nonviral origin or HBV-associated HCC. HCV induced error-prone DNA polymerase ζ, polymerase ι, and activation-induced cytidine deaminase, which together, contributed to the enhancement of mutation frequency, as demonstrated by the RNA interference experiments. These results indicate that HCV induces a mutator phenotype and may transform cells by a hit-and-run mechanism. This finding provides a mechanism of oncogenesis for an RNA virus.
Statistical-Based SYN-Flooding Detection Using Programmable Network Processor

With the growing use of broadband Internet, the demand for hardware-based intrusion detection system (IDS) is exploding. Network processor is poised to be the future platform for hardware-based IDS and firewall due to its programmability and capability to process packets at wire speed. In this paper, we explore the practical implementation of statistical-based SYN-flooding detection system in a network processor-based router. An embedded architecture, called synmon is proposed. We employ an instance of change-point detection, non-parametric Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) algorithm, for SYN-flooding detection. It performs per-flow attack detection based on SYN and ACK packets exchanged in TCP friendly flow. A prototype of synmon embedded forwarder is developed and the performance of synmon under different attack patterns, network loads, sampling interval and tuning parameters is investigated. We demonstrate that the synmon architecture seamlessly integrates with common forwarding tasks while providing cost-effective service for SYN-flooding detection on network processor platform
Citizenship and capability? Amartya Sen's capabilities approach from a citizenship perspective

This article deals with the potential contribution of Amartya Sen's capabilities approach (CA) for studying citizenship. Although the CA cannot be described as a genuine citizenship theory it has informed recent attempts to reformulate social citizenship. Moreover, it shares important aims and assumptions with radical citizenship approaches, which emphasise democracy, voice, and difference. Especially, Sen's ideas can help formulate positive notions of equality. However, a fruitful dialogue between those perspectives has to lead over some controversial issues. In this context, this article suggests more substantive notions of agency and interaction as well as integrating rights and rights language.
RAISING THE AGE OF COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN ENGLAND: A NEET SOLUTION?

ABSTRACT: This paper problematises the official discourse of economic competitiveness and social inclusion used by the 2007 Education and Skills Bill to justify the proposal to extend compulsory participation in education and training in England to the age of 18. Comparisons are drawn between this attempt to raise the age of compulsion and previous attempts, which took place in a significantly different socio-economic context. It is argued that the needs of those most likely to be affected by the current proposal – young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) – are subordinated to the needs of an English economy that is increasingly based upon low-skill, low-pay work relations.
Ceramide Accumulation Uncovers a Cycling Pathway for the cis-Golgi Network Marker, Infectious Bronchitis Virus M Protein

The M glycoprotein from the avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), contains information for localization to the cis-Golgi network in its first transmembrane domain. We hypothesize that localization to the Golgi complex may depend in part on specific interactions between protein transmembrane domains and membrane lipids. Because the site of sphingolipid synthesis overlaps the localization of IBV M, we asked whether perturbation of sphingolipids affected localization of IBV M. Short-term treatment with two inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis had no effect on localization of IBV M or other Golgi markers. Thus, ongoing synthesis of these lipids was not required for proper localization. Surprisingly, a third inhibitor, d,l-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino- 1-propanol (PDMP), shifted the steady-state distribution of IBV M from the Golgi complex to the ER. This effect was rapid and reversible and was also observed for ERGIC-53 but not for Golgi stack proteins. At the concentration of PDMP used, conversion of ceramide into both glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin was inhibited. Pretreatment with upstream inhibitors partially reversed the effects of PDMP, suggesting that ceramide accumulation mediates the PDMP-induced alterations. Indeed, an increase in cellular ceramide was measured in PDMP-treated cells. We propose that IBV M is at least in part localized by retrieval mechanisms. Further, ceramide accumulation reveals this cycle by upsetting the balance of anterograde and retrograde traffic and/ or disrupting retention by altering bilayer dynamics.
Topic Aware Neural Response Generation

We consider incorporating topic information into a sequence-to-sequence framework to generate informative and interesting responses for chatbots. To this end, we propose a topic aware sequence-to-sequence (TA-Seq2Seq) model. The model utilizes topics to simulate prior human knowledge that guides them to form informative and interesting responses in conversation, and leverages topic information in generation by a joint attention mechanism and a biased generation probability. The joint attention mechanism summarizes the hidden vectors of an input message as context vectors by message attention and synthesizes topic vectors by topic attention from the topic words of the message obtained from a pre-trained LDA model, with these vectors jointly affecting the generation of words in decoding. To increase the possibility of topic words appearing in responses, the model modifies the generation probability of topic words by adding an extra probability item to bias the overall distribution. Empirical studies on both automatic evaluation metrics and human annotations show that TA-Seq2Seq can generate more informative and interesting responses, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art response generation models.
Measuring disease prevalence: a comparison of musculoskeletal disease using four general practice consultation databases.

BACKGROUND Primary care consultation data are an important source of information on morbidity prevalence. It is not known how reliable such figures are. AIM To compare annual consultation prevalence estimates for musculoskeletal conditions derived from four general practice consultation databases. DESIGN OF STUDY Retrospective study of general practice consultation records. SETTING Three national general practice consultation databases: i) Fourth Morbidity Statistics from General Practice (MSGP4, 1991/92), ii) Royal College of General Practitioners Weekly Returns Service (RCGP WRS, 2001), and iii) General Practice Research Database (GPRD, 1991 and 2001); and one regional database (Consultations in Primary Care Archive, 2001). METHOD Age-sex standardized persons consulting annual prevalence rates for musculoskeletal conditions overall, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and arthralgia were derived for patients aged 15 years and over. RESULTS GPRD prevalence of any musculoskeletal condition, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis was lower than that of the other databases. This is likely to be due to GPs not needing to record every consultation made for a chronic condition. MSGP4 gave the highest prevalence for osteoarthritis but low prevalence of arthralgia which reflects encouragement for GPs to use diagnostic rather than symptom codes. CONCLUSION Considerable variation exists in consultation prevalence estimates for musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers and health service planners should be aware that estimates of disease occurrence based on consultation will be influenced by choice of database. This is likely to be true for other chronic diseases and where alternative symptom labels exist for a disease. RCGP WRS may give the most reliable prevalence figures for musculoskeletal and other chronic diseases.
Measurement of the cross section for prompt isolated diphoton production using the full CDF Run II data sample

This Letter reports a measurement of the cross section for producing pairs of central prompt isolated photons in proton-antiproton collisions at a total energy of 1.96 TeV using data corresponding to 9.5/fb integrated luminosity collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The measured differential cross section is compared to three calculations derived from the theory of strong interactions. These include a prediction based on a leading order matrix element calculation merged with parton shower, a next-to-leading order, and a next-to-next-to-leading order calculation. The first and last calculations reproduce most aspects of the data, thus showing the importance of higher-order contributions for understanding the theory of strong interaction and improving measurements of the Higgs boson and searches for new phenomena in diphoton final states.
Fractionation trends of the Nb-and Ta-bearing oxide minerals in the Greer Lake pegmatitic granite and its pegmatite aureole , southeastern Manitoba

Arsrucr The Greer Lake pegmatitic granite and related exterior rare-element pegmatites of the beryl-columbite type intrude metabasalt and tonalite gneiss in the Archean English River Subprovince of southeastern Manitoba. Columbite-tantalite is the predominant Nband Ta-bearing mineral, associated with subordinate ixiolite, microlite, niobian-tantalian rutile, and rare tantalian cassiterite, wodginite, and ilmenite. In coexisting mineral pairs, Tal(Ta + Nb) of microlite exceeds that of columbite-tantalite, ixiolite, rutile, and cassiterite; in cassiterite and rutile, Tal(Ta + Nb) is higher and Mn/(Mn * Fe) lower than in columbitetantalite and ixiolite. In Li-, Rb-, Cs-, and F-poor environments, limited Mn enrichment accompanies the fractionation of Ta, which culminates in ixiolite and subordinate microlite. In Li-, Rb-, Cs-, and F-rich parageneses, extensive Mn enrichment precedes the main Ta fractionation, which subsequently generates near-end-member manganotantalite, wodginite, and microlite. The Greer Lake and other fractionation trends indicate that a late-stage F-rich environment promotes extreme Fe/Mn fractionation prior to the main stage of Nb-Ta separation. The abundances of Sn, Ti, and Sc are not related to fluorine or rare-alkali enrichment, but increase from pegmatitic granite to pegnatites. The relative accumulation of Ti and Sc in the pegmatite aureole seems to be due to internal fractionation rather than assimilation. Columbite-tantalite in the pegmatitic granite shows an intermediate to near-ordered structural state, but is highly disordered in the pegmatite veins. Crystallization in the disordered state is suggested, with subsequent ordering in slowly cooling granite but thermal quenching in the exterior pegmatites. However, the increase in Ti, Sn, Sc, and Fe3* in the Nband Ta-bearing minerals of the pegmatite aureole may also have retarded ordering.
Symptomatic Plate Removal in Maxillofacial Trauma: A Review of 76 Cases

This study reviewed the fate of titanium plates used to correct maxillofacial trauma in 76 patients to define risk factors for plate removal. Medical records of 76 consecutive patients at a single institution, over a 10-year period, were retrospectively reviewed. Variables included age, sex, trauma type, diagnosis, fracture type, fracture diagnosis, plate location, surgical approach, and reasons for plate removal. Fracture diagnosis was described as panfacial (42%), blowout (3%), midface (28%), zygoma (26%), mandible angle (6%), ramus (7%), and symphysis (9%). All plate removals according to fracture diagnosis were in the mandible angle (30%) and symphysis (20%). When plate location was reviewed, 68% of the plates were placed in the upper and midface and 32% were placed in the mandible. Specifically, plates were placed in the frontozygomatic suture (18%), zygomaticomaxillary suture (19%), infraorbital rim (14%) and mandible symphysis (15%), mandible angle (9%), piriform (6%), nasal (5%), mandible ramus (4%) and body (4%), zygoma (2%), and frontal (2%). Of 163 plates that were placed, 6 plates (3.7%) were removed. Three (12%) of the symphysis plates and 3 (20%) of the angle plates were removed. Among all variables, only fracture diagnosis (P = 0.01) and plate location (P = 0.01) were statistically significant in plate removal. Five plates were removed for abscess/infection; 1 plate was removed for osteomyelitis. Further review revealed that 4 out of 6 plates removed involved synchronous mandible fractures. Most infections after maxillofacial trauma occur in the mandible, and often these infections are the main reason for plate removal. More vigilance is needed in the treatment of mandible angle and symphyseal fractures, especially if there are synchronous fractures, to prevent infection, plate removal and subsequent malunion.
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome May Not Be Benign: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare condition in which there is purple discoloration of the urine with its collecting bag and associated tubing occurs. It is considered a benign condition. We report an unusual case of PUBS in an 87-year-old female from nursing home who had a history of recurrent UTI. She also had a history of ureteral obstruction requiring left nephrostomy tube. She was brought to emergency department with altered mental status which developed five days after the occurrence of purple discoloration of the urinary bag. Her urine culture grew vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. She died within three days of hospitalization despite intensive care in tertiary center. This case highlights that PUBS may not always be benign and should be approached on a case-by-case basis because it may signal the underlying UTI which might be very difficult to treat. Failure of recognition of this peculiar color early could delay the appropriate intervention leading to fatal complication. This case also represents the rare occurrence of PUBS in the setting of nephrostomy tube.
Women's participation as leaders in society: an adolescent girls' perspective

This paper explores the adolescent female perspective on women's participation as leaders in society. Using a qualitative approach, the study outlined in this paper investigated this phenomenon through the use of student focus groups. Participants were students in their final year of schooling from secondary girls' schools located in Australia, with one school located in South Africa. This study found that students identified the patriarchal nature of leadership positions, women's possible lack of desire to hold a leadership position, and the impact of gender stereotypes as concerns. However, students were mostly positive with regard to their ability to overcome these issues in the future. It is recommended through the findings of this study that girls are given voice through their formal schooling in order to discuss issues of gender and leadership, and as a consequence, an awareness of issues concerning gender inequity may be created.