Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reentry in a Comparative Context: Exploring Past, Present, and Future Participation in Services Between Nonurban and Urban Inmates

Studies on offender reentry have consistently shown that lack of, or limited access to, needed postrelease resources and services adversely affects recidivism. Few studies have taken into consideration nonurban and urban contexts for reentry services and program participation. Toward this end, 130 currently incarcerated offenders were surveyed. The results of this study indicate that there were significant differences in employment and other services utilization observed between the two subsamples that varied depending on involvement prior to prison and during incarceration, and affecting the types of programs and services inmates would like to access postrelease.
Starburst-driven galactic winds — I. Energetics and intrinsic X-ray emission

Starburst-driven galactic winds are responsible for the transport of mass, in particular metal-enriched gas, and energy out of galaxies and into the intergalactic medium. These outflows directly affect the chemical evolution of galaxies, and heat and enrich the intergalactic and intercluster medium. Currently, several basic problems preclude quantitative measurements of the impact of galactic winds: the unknown filling factors of, in particular, the soft X-ray-emitting gas prevent accurate measurements of densities, masses and energy content; multiphase temperature distributions of unknown complexity bias X-ray-determined abundances; unknown amounts of energy and mass may reside in hard to observe T∼105 K and T∼107.5 K phases; and the relative balance of thermal versus kinetic energy in galactic winds is not known. In an effort to address these problems, we perform an extensive hydrodynamical parameter study of starburst-driven galactic winds, motivated by the latest observation data on the best-studied starburst galaxy M82. We study how the wind dynamics, morphology and X-ray emission depend on the ISM distribution of the host galaxy, the starburst star formation history and strength, and the presence and distribution of mass-loading by dense clouds. We also investigate and discuss the influence of finite numerical resolution on the results of these simulations. We find that the soft X-ray emission from galactic winds comes from low filling factor (η≲2 per cent) gas, which contains only a small fraction (≲10 per cent) of the mass and energy of the wind, irrespective of whether the wind models are strongly mass-loaded or not. X-ray observations of galactic winds do not directly probe the gas that contains the majority of the energy, mass or metal-enriched gas in the outflow. X-ray emission comes from a complex phase-continuum of gas, covering a wide range of different temperatures and densities. No distinct phases, as are commonly assumed when fitting X-ray spectra, are seen in our models. Estimates of the properties of the hot gas in starburst galaxies based on fitting simple spectral models to existing X-ray spectra should be treated with extreme suspicion. The majority of the thermal and kinetic energy of these winds is in a volume-filling hot, T∼107 K, component which is extremely difficult to probe observationally because of its low density and hence low emissivity. Most of the total energy is in the kinetic energy of this hot gas, a factor that must be taken into account when attempting to constrain wind energetics observationally. We also find that galactic winds are efficient at transporting large amounts of energy out of the host galaxy, in contrast to their inefficiency at transporting mass out of star-forming galaxies.
Microbiological Hazard Identification and Exposure Assessment of Poultry Products Sold in Various Localities of Hyderabad, India

A study was carried out to identify microbiological hazards and assess their exposure associated with consumption of poultry based street food served in different localities of Hyderabad. The study indicated that chicken 65, chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, chicken Manchuria and chilly chicken are the most common recipes. A process flow diagram was developed to identify critical control points in the food item. After analysis of the samples at each level of preparation, it was observed that rice and noodles were kept at room temperature for about 5-6 hrs which was a critical control point. A total of 376 samples including chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, boiled noodles and boiled rice were collected from circle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of Greater Hyderabad municipal corporation (GHMC) and analyzed for microbiological examination. The most prevalent pathogenic bacteria isolated were S. aureus (3.4 log 10 cfu/g) and B. cereus (3.4 log 10 cfu/g). Salmonella spp. was present in salads (3.2 log 10 cfu/g) and hand washings of the food handler (3.5 log 10 cfu/g). Salmonella contamination was found in salads served along with chicken fried rice and chicken noodles than in the food.
The book review column

The prices I provided this time are from amazon.corn; however, the website ~ w w'. bestbookbuys.com gives a range of prices from place to purchase books on the web. (amazon.corn is usually not the cheapest, and its usually not even close.). Welcome to the Book Reviews Column. We hope to bring you at least two reviews of books every month. In this column four books are reviewed. 1. P r o o f s a n d C o n f i r m a t i o n s : t h e s t o r y o f t h e a l t e r n a t i n g s i g n m a t r i x c o n j e c t u r e , by David Bressoud. This is the exciting story of how the alternating sign conjecture was solved. It gives a nice view of how mathematics is actually done. Reviewed by Jeremy Avigad. 2. P r o o f s a n d R e f u t a t i o n s by Imre Lakatos. This is an classic work in the philosophy of mathematics. It forces us to think of what we do in a new light. It is reviewed here since it is a nice companion review to P r o o f s a n d C o n f i r m a t i o n s. Reviewed by William Gasarch.view by Christopher Jennings This is a undergraduate text in algorithms that encourages a more hands-on approach t h e n most books. An alternating sign matrix is a square matrix whose entries are all either 0, 1, or-1 , with the properties that each row and each column sums to 1, and that the non-zero entries in each row and column alternate in sign. For example,
A Markovian Dual-Source Production-Inventory Model with Order Bands

We present a Markovian model of a single rm engaging in a periodic review inventory policy to procure goods from two alternate suppliers. Each supplier quotes a state-dependent minimum order quantity, maximum order quantity, and unit price. The purchasing rm faces state-dependent unit inventory holding costs, as well as backorder/penalty costs if they are unable to immediately satisfy their customer demand. We show that a modi ed base-stock policy is optimal in the situation where the suppliers have lead times which di er by one time unit. This policy is de ned by a vector of pairs of numbers { one for each lead time { indexed by the states of the Markov chain. In each state the rm will place orders as close to these two indices as possible, while satisfying the stipulated minimum and maximum order sizes. In addition, we demonstrate that use of In nitesimal Perturbation Analysis, or IPA, to compute the optimal vector of inventory levels is valid for arbitrary lead times, which subsumes the case of lead times di ering by one unit. For general lead times it is known that the structure of the optimal policy can be extremely complex; therefore for problems of this type solutions are usually restricted to the class of order-up-to policies. GSIA Working Paper # 1998-E200
Calibration of Photometry from the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on Gemini North

Abstract All available observations of photometric standard stars obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at Gemini North in the period from August 2001 to December 2003 have been used to establish the calibrations for photometry obtained with the instrument. The calibrations presented in this paper are based on significantly more photometric standard star observations than usually used by the individual users. Nightly photometric zero points as well as color terms are determined. The color terms are expected to be valid for all observations taken prior to UT 2004 November 21 at which time the Gemini North primary mirror was coated with silver instead of aluminium. While the nightly zero points are accurate to 0.02 mag or better (random errors), the accuracy of the calibrations is limited by systematic errors from so-called ‘sky concentration’, an effect seen in all focal reducer instruments. We conclude that an accuracy of 0.035 to 0.05 mag can be achieved by using calibrations derived in this paper. The color terms are strongest for very red objects, e.g. for objects with (r′ – z′) = 3.0 the resulting z′ magnitudes will be ≈0.35 mag too bright if the color term is ignored. The calibrations are of importance to the large Gemini user community with data obtained prior to UT 2004 November 21, as well as future users of achive data from this period in time.
Auditory temporal order and resolution in younger and older Maltese adults

Recent studies are accruing support for the existence of auditory processing disorder in adults as a multifactorial condition underlying alterations in the auditory mechanisms and the brain. However, local research that evaluates age-related changes in temporal order and resolution is still very limited. This paper explores agerelated differences on non-speech measures of temporal order and resolution by investigating the performance of younger and older Maltese adults on four tests of temporal processing. The study also compares the four measures of temporal processing and explores their relationship. Sixteen younger adults (YA) aged between 18 and 25 years and 10 older adults (OA) aged between 60 and 74 years participated in the study. Temporal ordering, as measured by the Duration Pattern Test (DPT) and the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), and temporal resolution, as measured by the Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and the Gaps-in-Noise Test (GIN), were evaluated. Results indicated that in comparison to OA, YA performed significantly better in all four tests. Thus, the OA group required more time to identify temporal changes in a stream of sound and were less able to label patterns of duration and frequency. With regards to the comparison between measures, while a statistically significant difference between the two tests of temporal resolution emerged, no significant difference between temporal order tests was revealed. A negative correlation between temporal order and resolution was established, indicating that a greater percentage of correct responses on temporal order tests was related to shorter gap detection thresholds on resolution tests. These findings tentatively suggest that the two subtypes of temporal measures may underlie common auditory processing abilities but may be influenced by the type of stimuli employed or the auditory processing mechanisms being assessed.
A Semiempirical Model of the Infrared Universe

We present a simple model of the infrared universe, based as much as possible on local observations. We model the luminosity and number evolution of disk and starburst galaxies, including the effects of dust, gas, and spectral evolution. Although simple, our approach is able to reproduce observations of galaxy number counts and the infrared and submillimeter extragalactic backgrounds. It provides a useful probe of galaxy formation and evolution out to high redshift. The model demonstrates the significant role of the starburst population and predicts high star formation rates at z ~ 3-4, consistent with recent extinction-corrected observations of Lyman break galaxies. Starbursting galaxies are predicted to dominate the current Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array surveys. Their star formation is driven predominantly by strong tidal interactions and mergers of galaxies. This leads to the creation of spheroidal stellar systems, which may act as the seeds for disk formation as gas infalls. We predict that the present-day baryonic mass in bulges and halos is comparable to that in disks. From observations of the extragalactic background, the model predicts that the vast majority of star formation in the universe occurs at z ≲ 5.
Clock-less Design for Reconfigurable Floating Point Multiplier

Floating point multiplication has became a common element in signal processing, image processing, filters and real time data processing digital circuits. This element highly influence the performance of the whole design in the form of area and power used. This paper presents a asynchronous reconfigurable approach to design a floating point multiplier for IEEE 754 double precision or two single precision numbers in parallel. The proposed design is a better solution in terms of area and power efficiency. The design is synthesized on XST of Xilinx ISE tool for vertex 2pro FPGA board and simulated on ModelSim. The proposed multiplier comprises of two units (i) Multiply-Add unit and (ii) Aligner-normalizing unit. This design can work up to 229.106 MHz and uses 1369 Slices of Virtex 2 Pro FPGA. Keywords-component, Asynchronous, Reconfigurable, Floating point, FPGA, pipelining and parallel Architecture.
“I Have Two Names, Xian and Alex”: Psychological Correlates of Adopting Anglo Names

The practice of adopting Anglo names among ethnic minorities and foreign individuals may be intended to smooth interactions with majority group members, but it may also have negative implications for minorities themselves. Two studies investigated the associations among adoption of Anglo names, self-esteem, and other psychological outcomes. Chinese college students studying in the United States completed a battery of questions regarding adoption of Anglo names, self-esteem, mental and physical health, and well-being. In Study 1, path analyses indicated that adoption of Anglo names was negatively associated with self-esteem, and self-esteem mediated the relationships between adopting Anglo names and other psychological outcomes. In Study 2, path analyses replicated the results of Study 1. However, contrary to predictions, perceived discrimination did not predict adoption of Anglo names in the path model. These findings point to negative consequences associated with adopting Anglo names. These results contribute to the literature on the importance of names and shed light on interventions to improve intergroup relations and curriculum development in language teaching.
A hierarchical monothetic document clustering algorithm for summarization and browsing search results

Organizing Web search results into a hierarchy of topics and sub-topics facilitates browsing the collection and locating results of interest. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical monothetic clustering algorithm to build a topic hierarchy for a collection of search results retrieved in response to a query. At every level of the hierarchy, the new algorithm progressively identifies topics in a way that maximizes the coverage while maintaining distinctiveness of the topics. We refer the proposed algorithm to as DisCover. Evaluating the quality of a topic hierarchy is a non-trivial task, the ultimate test being user judgment. We use several objective measures such as coverage and reach time for an empirical comparison of the proposed algorithm with two other monothetic clustering algorithms to demonstrate its superiority. Even though our algorithm is slightly more computationally intensive than one of the algorithms, it generates better hierarchies. Our user studies also show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the other algorithms as a summarizing and browsing tool.
The performance evaluation of corporate universities

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the phenomenon of corporate universities from the perspective of the evaluation of their performance. Corporate universities have a hybrid nature that can be referred to both as a business unit and as a higher education institution. Having reviewed the literature on corporate universities and performance evaluation of these kind of entities, we present the results of a survey on Italian corporate universities. Results shows that an appropriate framework for the evaluation of corporate university performance need to distinguish among the different types of corporate universities that are actually in place according to their mission and degree of openness to the external environment.
Cross-modal priming in bilingual sentence processing

This paper provides a concise overview of the cross-modal priming methodology, it presents a selection of key studies to illustrate how this method can be used to address lexical and syntactic processing and discusses advantages and disadvantages, along with issues that need to be taken into consideration when designing studies that address sentence processing in bilinguals.
Signaling between intracellular Ca2+ stores and depletion-activated Ca2+ channels generates [Ca2+]i oscillations in T lymphocytes

Stimulation through the antigen receptor (TCR) of T lymphocytes triggers cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) oscillations that are critically dependent on Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. We have investigated the roles of Ca2+ influx and depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores in the oscillation mechanism, using single-cell Ca2+ imaging techniques and agents that deplete the stores. Thapsigargin (TG; 5-25 nM), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; 5-20 microM), and tert- butylhydroquinone (tBHQ; 80-200 microM), inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases, as well as the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (5-40 nM), elicit [Ca2+]i oscillations in human T cells. The oscillation frequency is approximately 5 mHz (for ATPase inhibitors) to approximately 10 mHz (for ionomycin) at 22-24 degrees C. The [Ca2+]i oscillations resemble those evoked by TCR ligation in terms of their shape, amplitude, and an absolute dependence on Ca2+ influx. Ca(2+)- ATPase inhibitors and ionomycin induce oscillations only within a narrow range of drug concentrations that are expected to cause partial depletion of intracellular stores. Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release does not appear to be significantly involved, as rapid removal of extracellular Ca2+ elicits the same rate of [Ca2+]i decline during the rising and falling phases of the oscillation cycle. Both transmembrane Ca2+ influx and the content of ionomycin-releasable Ca2+ pools fluctuate in oscillating cells. From these data, we propose a model in which [Ca2+]i oscillations in T cells result from the interaction between intracellular Ca2+ stores and depletion-activated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane.
Carbamazepine affects water and electrolyte homoeostasis in rat--similarities and differences to vasopressin antagonism.

BACKGROUND Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a drug widely used in the therapy of epilepsy and mood disorders. One frequently observed side effect is hyponatraemia. The role of vasopressin in hyponatraemic action of CBZ is discussed controversially. In this study, we tested the influence of CBZ on water and salt homoeostasis in rat under different hydration states and under vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) antagonism by satavaptan to elucidate the renal and vasopressin independent action of CBZ. METHODS CBZ-treated rats were investigated on metabolic cages after (i) 6 day with ad libitum fluid intake, (ii) moderate water load and (iii) water restriction. The effect of satavaptan was tested in clearance experiments under continuous saline infusion in anaesthetized rats after CBZ pretreatment. RESULTS Compared to controls, CBZ induced a higher urinary flow rate which was most pronounced (20-fold) after water load and significantly elevated (2-fold) after 10-h water restriction. In addition, CBZ consistently increased renal sodium loss but failed to decrease plasma sodium concentration. In the presence of satavaptan, urinary flow and natriuresis were further increased by CBZ, while there was no differential effect on urea excretion and anion gap. CONCLUSIONS At the investigated dose (50 mg/kg body weight), CBZ did not induce hyponatraemia or antidiuresis in the rat. However, depending on the hydration state, it induced an increased water and electrolyte loss. Its enhanced influence on urinary flow and natriuresis in the presence of satavaptan suggests additional renal targets for CBZ, independent of vasopressin signalling.
The Hunting of the Hopf Ring

We provide a new algebraic description of the structure on the set of all unstable cohomology operations for a suitable generalised cohomology theory, E ∗ (−). Our description is as a graded and completed version of a Tall-Wraith monoid. The E ∗ -cohomology of a space X is a module for this Tall-Wraith monoid. We also show that the corresponding Hopf ring of unstable co-operations is a module for the Tall-Wraith monoid of unstable operations. Further examples are provided by consideringoperations from one theory to another.
40 MHz IF 1 MHz Bandwidth Two-Path Bandpass ΣΔ Modulator With 72 dB DR Consuming 16 mW

A bandpass modulator with two time-interleaved second-order modulators and cross-coupled paths is described. Split zeros around the 40 MHz IF provide a signal band of 1 MHz with 72 DR and 65.1 dB peak SNR. The circuit, integrated in a 0.18 CMOS technology, uses a 60 MHz clock per channel. Experimental results show that the in-band region is not affected by tones caused by mismatches and that a two-tones input causes an IMD signal of 68 . The power consumption is 16 mW with 1.8 V supply.
The mechanical properties of a surface-modified layer on polydimethylsiloxane

Surface modification of the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by exposure to oxygen plasma for four minutes creates a thin, stiff film. In this study, the thickness and mechanical properties of this surface-modified layer were determined. Using the phase image capabilities of a tapping-mode atomic force microscope (AFM), the surface-modified region was distinguished from the bulk PDMS; specifically, it suggested a graded surface layer to a depth of about 200 nm. Load-displacement data for elastic indentation using a compliant AFM cantilever was analyzed as a plate bending on an elastic foundation to determine the elastic modulus of the surface (37 MPa). An applied uniaxial strain generated a series of parallel nanocracks with spacing on the order of a few microns. Numerical analyses of this cracking phenomenon showed that the depth of these cracks was in the range of 300–600 nm and that the surface layer was extremely brittle, with toughness in the range of 0.1–0.3 J/m^2.
Detecting Past Positive Selection through Ongoing Negative Selection

Detecting positive selection is a challenging task. We propose a method for detecting past positive selection through ongoing negative selection, based on comparison of the parameters of intraspecies polymorphism at functionally important and selectively neutral sites where a nucleotide substitution of the same kind occurred recently. Reduced occurrence of recently replaced ancestral alleles at functionally important sites indicates that negative selection currently acts against these alleles and, therefore, that their replacements were driven by positive selection. Application of this method to the Drosophila melanogaster lineage shows that the fraction of adaptive amino acid replacements remained approximately 0.5 for a long time. In the Homo sapiens lineage, however, this fraction drops from approximately 0.5 before the Ponginae–Homininae divergence to approximately 0 after it. The proposed method is based on essentially the same data as the McDonald–Kreitman test but is free from some of its limitations, which may open new opportunities, especially when many genotypes within a species are known.