Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Identity of Dendritic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Counting Na+ Channels One by One Understanding how nerve cells integrate their synaptic inputs and generate their output signals requires the identification of voltage-dependent ion channels on the axo-somato-dendritic surface of central neurons. Using improved ultrastructural immunocytochemistry techniques, Lorincz and Nusser (p. 906) found that a newly described voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.6, was present not only at nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments but also at much lower, but functionally significant levels, in dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells. However, other brain Na+ channels were not present in these dendrites, suggesting that dendritic sodium spikes result from somatic activation of this particular type of sodium channel. Freeze-fracture methods allow a numerical estimate of Na+ channel density in different compartments of CA1 pyramidal cells. Active invasion of the dendritic tree by action potentials (APs) generated in the axon is essential for associative synaptic plasticity and neuronal ensemble formation. In cortical pyramidal cells (PCs), this AP back-propagation is supported by dendritic voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels, whose molecular identity is unknown. Using a highly sensitive electron microscopic immunogold technique, we revealed the presence of the Nav1.6 subunit in hippocampal CA1 PC proximal and distal dendrites. Here, the subunit density is lower by a factor of 35 to 80 than that found in axon initial segments. A gradual decrease in Nav1.6 density along the proximodistal axis of the dendritic tree was also detected without any labeling in dendritic spines. Our results reveal the characteristic subcellular distribution of the Nav1.6 subunit, identifying this molecule as a key substrate enabling dendritic excitability.
How Do We Demonstrate Oneness as a Behavior? Operationalizing Oneness Through Scale Measurement

ABSTRACT As an important concept for the world today, oneness has been a topic of several philosophical teachings and scientific disciplines. Considering the types of problems humanity is facing in different spheres of life, we thought it is worthwhile to ask what might be some daily examples that reflected oneness in behavioral terms. As part of our query that required completion of six separate studies, we have come up with a behavioral scale comprised of two factors. Focus on one’s self reflected acting based solely on one’s own needs and interests, consideration of the other represented behaving by taking into consideration who is also present in one’s environment.
Mission impossible: A reading of the after-death of the heroine

ABSTRACT Based on two articles written by Heather Höpfl [2003, “Becoming A Virile Member: Women and the Military Body. ” Body and Society 9 (4): 13–30; 2010, “The Death of the Heroine. ” Management & Organizational History 5: 395–407] this paper investigates the depiction of the heroine in action movies through a close reading of the blockbuster movie series Mission: Impossible comprising of five films released between 1996 and 2015. This article explores the relationship between gender stereotypes, traditionally male professional environments and the changing role of the heroine. We consider three aspects of the heroine: her body, her relationship to the hero and her role in the movie’s representational economy. We conclude by suggesting that the role of female characters has considerably evolved in popular culture over the past decades, which is evidenced in this movie series by a shift from the traditional subordinate supporter female role to a more equal view of a co-hero/ine. Our paper builds on Heather’s work and offers an empirical contribution to the use of visual data in organization studies.
The Contribution of Maternal HIV Seroconversion During Late Pregnancy and Breastfeeding to Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

Background:The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV has been focused mainly on women who are HIV positive at their first antenatal visit, but there is uncertainty regarding the contribution to overall transmission from mothers who seroconvert after their first antenatal visit and before weaning. Method:A mathematical model was developed to simulate changes in mother-to-child transmission of HIV over time, in South Africa. The model allows for changes in infant feeding practices as infants age, temporal changes in the provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis and counseling on infant feeding, as well as temporal changes in maternal HIV prevalence and incidence. Results:The proportion of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) from mothers who seroconverted after their first antenatal visit was 26% [95% confidence interval (CI): 22% to 30%] in 2008, or 15,000 of 57,000 infections. It is estimated that by 2014, total MTCT will reduce to 39,000 per annum, and transmission from mothers seroconverting after their first antenatal visit will reduce to 13,000 per annum, accounting for 34% (95% CI: 29% to 39%) of MTCT. If maternal HIV incidence during late pregnancy and breastfeeding were reduced by 50% after 2010, and HIV screening were repeated in late pregnancy and at 6-week immunization visits after 2010, the average annual number of MTCT cases over the 2010–2015 period would reduce by 28% (95% CI: 25% to 31%), from 39,000 to 28,000 per annum. Conclusion:Maternal seroconversion during late pregnancy and breastfeeding contributes significantly to the pediatric HIV burden and needs greater attention in the planning of prevention of MTCT programs.
A central role for the retrosplenial cortex in de novo environmental learning

With experience we become accustomed to the types of environments that we normally encounter as we navigate in the world. But how does this fundamental knowledge develop in the first place and what brain regions are involved? To examine de novo environmental learning, we created an ‘alien’ virtual reality world populated with landmarks of which participants had no prior experience. They learned about this environment by moving within it during functional MRI (fMRI) scanning while we tracked their evolving knowledge. Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) played a central and highly selective role by representing only the most stable, permanent features in this world. Subsequently, increased coupling was noted between RSC and hippocampus, with hippocampus then expressing knowledge of permanent landmark locations and overall environmental layout. Studying how environmental representations emerge from scratch provided a new window into the information processing underpinning the brain's navigation system, highlighting the key influence of the RSC. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.09031. 001
Transfinite Update Procedures for Predicative Systems of Analysis

We present a simple-to-state, abstract computational problem, whose solution implies the 1-consistency of various systems of predicative Analysis and offers a way of extracting witnesses from classical proofs. In order to state the problem, we formulate the concept of transfinite update procedure, which extends Avigad's notion of update procedure to the transfinite and can be seen as an axiomatization of learning as it implicitly appears in various computational interpretations of predicative Analysis. We give iterative and bar recursive solutions to the problem.
Professionals’ Recommended Strategies to Improve Australian Adolescents’ Knowledge of Nutrition and Food Systems

Background: Education and policy measures within schools are valuable strategies to promote health. This study explored views of experienced food-related educators, researchers and policy-makers regarding their recommended strategies to improve Australian adolescents’ knowledge of nutrition and food systems (N&FS). Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-one experienced food-related experts from across Australia. Interviews were conducted either by telephone or face-to-face. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results: Five central themes and five sub-themes were identified from food professionals’ suggestions for best strategies to improve adolescents’ knowledge of N&FS. The central themes included: (1) specific improvements in schools’ core curricula; (2) pre-service and in-service training of school teachers about N&FS; (3) training students to develop a critical mind about N&FS issues; (4) multidisciplinary collaborations to improve school-based N&FS education; and (5) a supportive N&FS education environment for students. Conclusion and implication: These findings provide a guide for curriculum developers, educational policy developers, and food educators to incorporate the suggested N&FS strategies into Australian education programs in order to improve Australian adolescents’ knowledge and skills of N&FS issues. The results of this investigation also may assist the development of international N&FS curricula guides.
Antimicrobial Usage in Chicken Production in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Antimicrobials are used extensively in chicken production in Vietnam, but to date no quantitative data are available. A 2012–2013 survey of 208 chicken farms in Tien Giang province, stratified by size (10–200 chickens; >200–2000), was carried out to describe and quantify the use of antibacterial antimicrobials (usage per week per chicken and usage per 1000 chickens produced) in the Mekong Delta and to investigate factors associated with usage. Twenty‐eight types of antimicrobial belonging to 10 classes were reported. Sixty‐three per cent of all commercial formulations contained at least two antimicrobials. On 84% occasions, antimicrobials were administered with a prophylactic purpose. The overall adjusted quantities of antimicrobials used/week/chicken and per 1000 chickens produced (g) were 26.36 mg (SE ± 3.54) and 690.4 g (SE ± 203.6), respectively. Polypeptides, tetracyclines, penicillins and aminoglycosides were the antimicrobials used by most farms (18.6% farms, 17.5%, 11.3% and 10.1% farms, respectively), whereas penicillins, lincosamides, quinolones, and sulphonamides/trimethoprim were quantitatively the most used compounds (8.27, 5.2, 3.16 and 2.78 mg per week per chicken, respectively). Factors statistically associated with higher levels of usage (per week per chicken) were meat farms (OR = 1.40) and farms run by a male farmer (OR = 2.0). All‐in‐all‐out farming systems (correlated with medium farms) were associated with reduced levels of antimicrobial usage (OR = 0.68). Usage levels to produced meat chickens were considerably higher than those reported in European countries. This should trigger the implementation of surveillance programmes to monitor sales of antimicrobials that should contribute to the rational administration of antimicrobials in order to preserve the efficacy of existing antimicrobials in Vietnam.
lac‐1 and lag‐1 with ras‐1 affect aging and the biological clock in Neurospora crassa

Abstract Using an automated cell counting technique developed previously (Case et al., Ecology and Evolution 2014; 4: 3494), we explore the lifespan effects of lac‐1, a ceramide synthase gene paralogous to lag‐1 in Neurospora crassa in conjunction with the band bd (ras‐1) gene. We find that the replicative lifespan of a lac‐1 KO bd double mutants is short, about one race tube cycle, and this double mutant lacks a strong ~21‐hr clock cycle as shown by race tube and fluorometer analysis of fluorescent strains including lac‐1 KO. This short replicative lifespan phenotype is contrasted with a very long estimated chronological lifespan for lac‐1 KO bd double mutants from 247 to 462 days based on our regression analyses on log viability, and for the single mutant lac‐1 KO, 161 days. Both of these estimated lifespans are much higher than that of previously studied WT and bd single mutant strains. In a lac‐1 rescue and induction experiment, the expression of lac‐1 + as driven by a quinic acid‐dependent promoter actually decreases the median chronological lifespan of cells down to only 7 days, much lower than the 34‐day median lifespan found in control bd conidia also grown on quinic acid media, which we interpret as an effect of balancing selection acting on ceramide levels based on previous findings from the literature. Prior work has shown phytoceramides can act as a signal for apoptosis in stressed N. crassa cells. To test this hypothesis of balancing selection on phytoceramide levels, we examine the viability of WT, lag‐1 KO bd, and lac‐1 KO bd strains following the dual stresses of heat and glycolysis inhibition, along with phytoceramide treatments of different dosages. We find that the phytoceramide dosage–response curve is altered in the lag‐1 KO bd mutant, but not in the lac‐1 KO bd mutant. We conclude that phytoceramide production is responsible for the previously reported longevity effects in the lag‐1 KO bd mutant, but a different ceramide may be responsible for the longevity effect observed in the lac‐1 KO bd mutant.
A Study on Laundry Workers Attitude towards Health Care Industry in Trichy City

The services sector has become global in Indian context. This paper describes the characteristics of services and compares it with the characteristics of the products. It also brings out the importance of services in case of manufactured products. The challenges for the service industry have been discussed and the critical success factors have also been elaborated. This study also covers international trade regulations and their impact on the services sector. The problems facing India"s health care system which have a greater impact on the poor. The inequal geographic distribution of doctors and hospitals makes it difficult for low-income families to access quality medical facilities. Eighty percent of doctors, 75 percent of dispensaries, and 60 percent of hospitals are situated in urban areas - making quality health care virtually inaccessible to people who live in remote areas. This study is mainly concerned with laundry workers, their nature of work, their washing material needs, their health issues and the protection in laundry work. The hospital administration is taking care of laundry workers. The area of the study is confined to Trichy city and the primary and secondary data are used in this study. The data were analysed using appropriate statistical tools such as percentages, chi-square test and ranking technique, Likert scaling techniques, correlation and analysis of variance.
Maternal obesity epigenetically alters visceral fat progenitor cell properties in male offspring mice

Maternal obesity reduces adipogenic progenitor density in offspring adipose tissue. The ability of adipose tissue expansion in the offspring of obese mothers is limited and is associated with metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissue when challenged with a high‐fat diet. Maternal obesity induces DNA demethylation in the promoter of zinc finger protein 423, which renders progenitor cells with a high adipogenic capacity. Maternal obesity demonstrates long‐term effects on the adipogenic capacity of progenitor cells in offspring adipose tissue, demonstrating a developmental programming effect.
A Hospital-Based Advance Care Planning Intervention for Patients with Heart Failure: A Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND Early discussions about advance care planning (ACP) have been associated with improved patient and caregiver outcomes for patients with serious illness. Many patients with heart failure (HF) may benefit from more timely ACP, in part due to the unpredictable trajectory of the disease. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a multiple-component hospital-based intervention on completion of ACP forms among HF patients. METHODS A brief hospital-based ACP intervention was led by a nonclinician health educator that included (1) an educational video about shared decision making and (2) a protocol to engage HF providers in patients' ACP decision making after the hospitalization. We surveyed patients regarding attitudes toward the ACP intervention and studied completion rates of advance directives (ADs) or physician orders for life sustaining treatment (POLST) forms six months following discharge. RESULTS The educational video component of this intervention was considered helpful by 92% of participants, and 70% said they were more likely to talk with their physician about their end-of-life preferences after watching the video and interacting with the health educator. Of 37 participants, 49% had evidence of completion of an AD or POLST in their medical records six months after the index hospitalization compared to 32% before the intervention. The number of patients having a signed scanned POLST form increased from 10 (27%) before the intervention to 16 (43%) six months after the intervention (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A hospital-based ACP intervention using nonclinician health educators is feasible to implement and has the potential to facilitate the ACP process.
Legendrian ribbons in overtwisted contact structures

We show that a null-homologous transverse knot K in the complement of an overtwisted disk in a contact 3-manifold is the boundary of a Legendrian ribbon if and only if it possesses a Seifert surface S such that the self-linking number of K with respect to S satisfies $\sel(K,S)=-\chi(S)$. In particular, every null-homologous topological knot type in an overtwisted contact manifold can be represented by the boundary of a Legendrian ribbon. Finally, we show that a contact structure is tight if and only if every Legendrian ribbon minimizes genus in its relative homology class.
Ensemble Based on Data Envelopment Analysis

There has been much research to evaluate the efficiency of various data fusion/ensemble approaches. However, when combining individual classifiers for fusion or ensemble purposes, typically only misclassification rate has been considered as a performance measure. This might be risky especially when the class distribution is skewed or when the costs associated with both Type I and II errors are significantly different from each other. For this kind of situation, consideration of additional performance measures such as sensitivity, specificity, false negative or positive errors are needed. In this paper, we propose to use DEA in order to find the weights involved in multi-attributes performances of each classifier as an element of a data ensemble algorithm. This algorithm is expected to serve general purposes of classification.
Three-Point Correlation Function Parallel Algorithm Based on MPI

The computation of the three-point correlation function (3PCF) is a critical challenge in astrophysics. An algorithm, named as RCSF (recursive convolution for scalar fields), has been proposed to solve 3PCF by using a filter matrix to reduce the computation load. In this paper, we accelerate the 3PCF by parallel implementation of RCSF. The proposed parallel algorithm, denoted as p-RCSF, splits the 3PCF problem into sub-tasks and the tasks are assigned to each process evenly. The computation load of each task is further reduced by identifying filter matrices consisting of large number of zero elements. The proposed algorithm is capable of significantly accelerating the RCSF with higher accuracy in comparison with previous work. Experimental results show that p-RCSF is able to accelerate the RCSF by 71 times using 72 processes without loss in accuracy. In addition, the p-RCSF improves the accuracy to 99.9% which is higher than before.
Where the Blue Stragglers Roam: Searching for a Link between Formation and Environment

The formation of blue stragglers is still not completely understood, particularly the relationship between formation environment and mechanism. We use a large, homogeneous sample of blue stragglers in the cores of 57 globular clusters to investigate the relationships between blue straggler populations and their environments. We use a consistent definition of "blue straggler" based on position in the color-magnitude diagram and normalize the population relative to the number of red giant branch stars in the core. We find that the previously determined anticorrelation between blue straggler frequency and total cluster mass is present in the purely core population. We find some weak anticorrelations with central velocity dispersion and with half-mass relaxation time. The blue straggler frequency does not show any trend with any other cluster parameter. Even though collisions may be expected to be a dominant blue straggler formation process in globular cluster cores, we find no correlation between the frequency of blue stragglers and the collision rate in the core. We also investigated the blue straggler luminosity function shape and found no relationship between any cluster parameter and the distribution of blue stragglers in the color-magnitude diagram. Our results are inconsistent with some recent models of blue straggler formation that include collisional formation mechanisms and may suggest that almost all observed blue stragglers are formed in binary systems.
Indicators of political commitment to respond to HIV

Objectives National political commitment is likely to become particularly crucial to sustaining antiretroviral treatment programmes in the coming decade, as donor contributions to HIV funding decreases. The objective of this study is to synthesise information on existing indicators of political commitment to respond to national HIV epidemics. Methods The authors describe and critically evaluate the existing indicators and propose studies to validate them. Results Several indicators have been developed to measure governments' political commitment to respond to national HIV epidemics—the AIDS Program Effort Index, the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS Declaration of Commitment Indicators and the AIDS Policy Aggressiveness Indicators—but the validity of these measures has not been systematically assessed. The indicators differ in their intended use, collection methods, content categories, data coverage, and strengths and limitations. Several types of studies could be used to test indicator validity (based on indicator content, comparisons of the same indicator using different elicitation methods, relationship patterns between indicators, relations between indicators and other variables and the consequences of using the indicators). Conclusions The existing indicators of political commitment to respond to national HIV epidemics are useful for many purposes, including research, policymaking and advocacy. A range of studies could improve the understanding of indicator validity. New data collection and measurement approaches offer opportunities to improve how actors in the HIV community capture the complicated, multidimensional concept of political commitment.
from Restrictions at Multiple Steps Along the HLA-B27-Bound Peptide Repertoire Results Alloreactive T Cell Epitope in the Limited Diversity of Peptides Related to an

Lopez de CastroLaura Sesma, Manuel Ramos, Jesus Vazquez and Jose A. Alberto Paradela, Inaki Alvarez, Marina Garcia-Peydro,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/164/1/329J Immunol€2000; 164:329-337; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/164/1/329.full#ref-list-1This article cites 40 articles, 22 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: