Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical investigation on the inter-sectoral linkages in India

For a developing country like India where socio-economic problems such as poverty,unemployment and inequality influence policy decisions, it becomes important to study interlinkages among the constituent sectors so that positive growth impulses emerging among the sectors could be identified and fostered to sustain the growth momentum. An in-depth understanding of inter-sectoral dynamics becomes all the more important for policy makers so that effective monetary, credit and fiscal policies could be designed in order to be able to achieve the broader objective of inclusive development. In this backdrop, the present paper endeavors to study inter-sectoral linkages in the Indian economy both through input-output (I-O) approach and econometric exercises using co-integration and state-space models. Cointegration analysis is carried out both at sectoral and sub-sectoral levels since mid-1980s. At the broad sectoral level, primary, secondary and tertiary (excluding community, social and personal services) sectors display strong long-run equilibrium relationship amongst each other. These sectors also display strong long-run equilibrium relationship with one another in a bivariate framework. At the sub-sectoral level, existence of long-term equilibrium was found between ‘trade, hotels, transport & communication’ and ‘manufacturing’ sectors. Further, the financial sector activity in the ‘banking & insurance’ sector was found to be co-integrated with the ‘manufacturing’ and ‘primary’ sectors. The sectors, which displayed long-run equilibrium relationships, were re-estimated through state space model using Kalman filter. This also corroborated that variation in one sector influenced the other sector’s performance over time. In view of the prevailing sectoral inter-relationships, the paper explores policy options so that positive growth impulses developing among the sectors are fostered.
Alterations of Immune Parameters on Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Exposed to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

Abstract Worldwide mobile telephone and microwave use have resulted in an increasing presence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field radiations (ELF-EMFs) in ecosystems. ELF-EMFs have been associated with altered physiological processes that can adversely affect exposed organisms. In this study, Trichoplusia ni Hübner larvae were exposed for 24, 48, or 72 h to ELF-EMFs (60 Hz and 2.0 mT) to assess effects on immune response parameters and fertility. Trichoplusia ni life cycle and fertility were not affected by 24-h exposure. However, the number of apoptotic-like cells and cellular immune response significantly increased (P < 0.01) after 72-h exposure (2- and 1.1-fold, respectively), whereas hemolymph total protein and hemocyte cells were reduced (P < 0.01; 16 and 50%, respectively) after 48-h exposure. Hemocyte cell type analysis resulted in significantly (P < 0.01) higher granulocytes number in the unexposed (2-fold increase) and oenocytoids in the 72-h-exposed larvae (28.6-fold increase). Quantitative retrotranscription (RT-qPCR) showed that after 72-h ELF-EMF exposure, the antimicrobial peptides cecropin, lysozyme, gallerimycin, and pgrp were downregulated by 24,866.0, 2.69-, 119.1-, and 1.45-fold, respectively, whereas attacin and defensin were upregulated by 1.59- and 1.85-fold, respectively. The effect of ELF-EMFs on the T. ni larvae immune response and their potential impact on its physiology and susceptibility to pathogens are discussed. This information may provide new insight of ELF-EMFs on other pest species, as well as for the preservation of ecologically important species.
Mesenchymal stem cells in kidney inflammation and repair

Mesenchymal stem cells are a heterogeneous population of fibroblast‐like stromal cells that have been isolated from the bone marrow and a number of organs and tissues including the kidney. They have multipotent and self‐renewing properties and can differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage. Following their administration in vivo, mesenchymal stem cells migrate to damaged kidney tissue where they produce an array of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that can alter the course of injury. Mesenchymal stem cells are thought to elicit repair through paracrine and/or endocrine mechanisms that modulate the immune response resulting in tissue repair and cellular replacement. This review will discuss the features of mesenchymal stem cells and the factors they release that protect against kidney injury; the mechanisms of homing and engraftment to sites of inflammation; and further elucidate the immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells and their ability to alter macrophage phenotype in a setting of kidney damage and repair.
The operational performance of UK airlines: 2002‐2007

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the efficiency of UK airlines in light of all the recent industry challenges. Design/methodology/approach - The study measured the technical efficiency of airlines through the innovative data envelopment analysis (DEA) bootstrap methodology. Findings - Results based on a sample of recent input/output data indicated that the efficiency of UK airlines has continuously declined since 2004 to reach a value of 73.39 per cent in 2007. Factors which were found to be significantly and positively related to technical efficiency variations include airline size and load factor. The paper also highlights that factors such as increase in oil price and fierce market competition were also potential inefficiency determinants. Practical implications - The findings of this paper provide a fresh link between airline performance and the current industry characteristics. UK airlines also have a major role in the European and international aviation sector, and thus a reflection on their efficiency could be of interest to private and public policy makers. Originality/value - The paper focuses on a recent period and thus provide a fresh efficiency assessment of the airline industry. The study also extends the limited literature available on UK airlines.
The Journal of Systems and Software

Agile methods are widely utilized in software development but their usage in embedded system development is often limited to software. A case study of three industrial cases was carried out to understand how to tailor agile methods effectively including also hardware development. Agile practices, mostly derived from Scrum, were tailored to ﬁt the needs of each team and the method development was closely followed. Surveys conducted in the beginning and in the end of the cases were compared and complemented with interviews to understand the new working methods and their effects. Case evidence shows that interdependencies between work of each developer were taken into account better, visibility over the whole product increased and need for internal documentation diminished due to improved communication, but dividing hardware tasks into iterations was experienced diﬃcult. With some tailoring, agile practices are beneﬁcial also in the embedded system development. To successfully adopt agile methods into embedded system development, the team must consist of all the project members, the natural cycle lengths of different disciplines and different knowledge between the developers must be accepted and built upon, and the progress of the product must be presented or visualized in the end of each iteration.
Therapeutic efficacy analysis of three contrastive approach phonological models.

BACKGROUND Phonological therapy in subjects with phonological disorders. AIM To compare the efficacy of three contrastive approach models in three different severities of phonological disorder. METHOD Participants of the study were nine subjects with phonological disorders, with ages ranging between 4:2 and 6:6 years. All subjects were evaluated prior to and after phonological therapy. Three groups, with three subjects each, were determined for treatment. Each group presented one individual with severe, one with moderate-severe and one with mild-moderate phonological disorder. Each group was treated using a different therapy model--Minimal Opposition, Maximal Oppositions/Empty Set and Multiple Opposition. Results were analyzed according to the Friedman Test, considering p < 0.05; a descriptive analysis was also performed among the models. RESULTS There was no statistical difference among the models considering the severity of phonological disorder. The Minimal and Maximal Oppositions/Empty Set approaches favored a greater number of sound acquisitions in the phonetic inventory of subjects with severe and moderate-severe disorder. On the other hand, the Multiple Oppositions approach favored a better performance of sound acquisition in the phonological system and a decrease in the impaired distinctive features in severe and moderate-severe disorder. CONCLUSION The models of therapy were effective in the treatment of different severities of phonological disorders observing the best performance in children with severe and moderate-severe disorder.
Post Keynesian Approaches to Endogenous Money: A time framework explanation

Over the last two decades, work on the Post Keynesian theory of endogenous money has been flourishing, and has prompted a rethinking of the complex nature of money in modern economies. At the heart of the debate between what have now been labelled the accommodationist (or horizontalist) approach and the structuralist approach to endogenous money are the issues of the slope of the supply curves of reserves and of credit money, respectively. Using the distinction between a single period analysis and a continuation analysis, similarities and differences between those approaches are explained, and the suggestion is then made for retaining and re-interpreting them into a more general theory.
Density Spectrum of Limulus Screening Pigment

Spectrally selective light absorption by the screening pigments that surround ommatidia in the eyes of invertebrates has been found to produce artifacts in the measurement of action spectra (Goldsmith, 1965; Strother, 1966). It is, therefore, necessary to consider the possibility of such an artifact in evaluating evidence that Limulus has two kinds of receptor units with different action spectra (Graham and Hartline, 1935; Wasserman, 1966). When using micropipettes, it is convenient to illuminate the receptors with light passing through the screening pigment, and a window in the screening spectrum would alter the action spectra recorded from receptors; varying densities of screening pigment would produce varying action spectra (Goldstein and Williams, 1966). Moreover, the screening pigment density spectrum is of additional interest since it can be related to that portion of the early receptor potential (ERP) which is presumed to arise from the dark screening pigments common to most eyes (Brown and Crawford, 1966). A close correlation of the screening pigment density spectrum and the ERP action spectrum would reinforce this idea.
Economic Theory of Choice and the Preference Reversal Phenomenon

A body of data and theory has been developing within psychology which should be of interest to economists. Taken at face value the data are simply inconsistent with preference theory and have broad implications about research priorities within economics. The inconsistency is deeper than the mere lack of transitivity or even stochastic transitivity. It suggests that no optimization principles of any sort lie behind even the simplest of human choices and that the uniformities in human choice behavior which lie behind market behavior may result from principles which are of a completely different sort from those generally accepted. This paper reports the results of a series of experiments designed to discredit the psychologists' works as applied to economics.
Heat shock protein 70: role in antigen presentation and immune stimulation

Heat shock proteins (HSP) when released into the extracellular milieu can act simultaneously as a source of antigen due to their ability to chaperone peptides and as a maturation signal for dendritic cells, thereby inducing DCs to cross-present antigens to CD8+ T-cells. HSP can also act independently from associated peptides, stimulating the innate immune system. Previous results regarding the activation of NK cells by HSP70 cell surface expression on tumour cells and soluble HSP70 will be further covered elsewhere within this issue. For cross-presentation, HSP70-peptide complexes (HSP70-PC) were used from two human melanoma cell lines that differ in the expression of the tumour-associated antigen tyrosinase. Purified HSP70-PC consists of both the constitutively expressed HSC70 and the inducible HSP70. HSP70-peptide complexes purified from tyrosinase positive (HSP70-PC/tyr + ) human melanoma cells, incubated with immature DCs, results in the activation of HLA-*A0201-restricted tyrosinase peptide-specific T-cells. Receptor-mediated uptake of HSP70-PC by DCs and intracellular transport are required for efficient MHC class I restricted cross-presentation of chaperoned peptides. Demonstration of HSP70-PC mediated cross-presentation of such non-mutated naturally expressed tumour antigens is of special clinical interest with regard to hyperthermia. Tumour regression and improved local control have been shown within clinical phase II/III trials integrating regional hyperthermia combined with radiation and/or chemotherapy in multimodal treatment strategies. According to the proposed concept, local necrosis induced by hyperthermic treatment induces the release of HSPs, followed by uptake, processing and presentation of associated peptides by DCs. By acting as chaperone and a signal for DC maturation, HSP70-PC might efficiently prime circulating T-cells. Therefore, upregulating HSP70 and causing local necrosis in tumour tissue by hyperthermia offers great potential as a new approach to directly activate the immune system.
Lead-lag patterns between small and large size portfolios in the London stock exchange

This paper investigates whether lead-lag patterns similar to those found in the US hold between small and large firm portfolios from the London stock exchange. On finding that such patterns do exist, it then investigates the dynamic linkages between the portfolios using some recently developed techniques of time series econometrics, as these allow for a richer exploration of lead-lag patterns than do standard autocorrelation and cross-correlation analysis.
Decision support for the scheduling of subcontract manufacture

Presents work that addresses the issue of decision support for the operational management of subcontract manufacture. Theoretical study has been combined with empirical research and practical industrial investigation with regard to distributed manufacturing systems which incorporate subcontract manufacturing arrangements. There has been a particular focus on the study of resource planning and scheduling for subcontract manufacture in SMEs in the UK electronics assembly industry. This work led to the analysis, modelling, implementation and test of an object‐oriented advisory system to assist with scheduling for this domain which demonstrated the utility of a proposed concept of captivity‐based scheduling. Contemporary research in this area and existing commercial decision support solutions for manufacturing planning, scheduling and control in SMEs have been explored. Concludes that current commercial software systems for subcontract manufacture are underdeveloped. Further argues that software development tools and platforms are increasingly available to facilitate the creation of practical decision support systems for distributed organizational forms of manufacture.
Recommending Personalized News in Short User Sessions

News organizations employ personalized recommenders to target news articles to specific readers and thus foster engagement. Existing approaches rely on extensive user profiles. However frequently possible, readers rarely authenticate themselves on news publishers' websites. This paper proposes an approach for such cases. It provides a basic degree of personalization while complying with the key characteristics of news recommendation including news popularity, recency, and the dynamics of reading behavior. We extend existing research on the dynamics of news reading behavior by focusing both on the progress of reading interests over time and their relations. Reading interests are considered in three levels: short-, medium-, and long-term. Combinations of these are evaluated in terms of added value to the recommendation's performance and ensured news variety. Experiments with 17-month worth of logs from a German news publisher show that most frequent relations between news reading interests are constant in time but their probabilities change. Recommendations based on combined short-term and long-term interests result in increased accuracy while recommendations based on combined short-term and medium-term interests yield higher news variety.
Day-of-the-Week and Month-of-the-Year Effect on the Kenyan Stock Market Returns

Capital markets are normally assumed to be efficient in relation to the instantaneous incorporation of all known and new arriving information into prices of securities. Studies assessing the efficiency of capital markets have reported mixed results, some of which are against the efficient markets theory. The purpose of this study was to determine if daily and monthly seasonal anomalies do exist in the Kenyan stock market. Data on prices and adjusted returns derived from the NSE 20 index were analysed using regression analysis to identify the behaviour of stock investors in Kenya during 1980–2006. Results indicate that Monday produces the lowest negative returns, while Friday and January produce the largest positive returns. These results are useful in providing evidence of deviation from the efficient markets theory and in drawing conclusions about anomalies in an emerging stock market. Finding highest return volatility on Friday and lowest on Monday might be due to several economic news announcements released on Thursdays and Fridays, and is consistent with informed trader argument. The returns are therefore influenced by foreign portfolio investor behaviour and delays in receiving news released from foreign financial markets. Day-of-the-week effect and January effect patterns in return and volatility might enable investors to take advantage of relatively regular shifts in the market by designing trading strategies, which accounts for such predictable patterns.
The role of Islamic culture in service quality research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore service quality (SQ) from the perspective of the Muslim consumer. There is growing evidence that culture influences buying habits and behaviours of consumers in services. However, most cross‐cultural consumer research in Asia has focused on the dimension of Chinese‐Confucian beliefs providing an opportunity to investigate other religious‐cultural aspects in Asia and consumption.Design/methodology/approach – This research explores the key attributes/factors of quality of services according to Muslim customers using the verbal protocol method followed by in‐depth probing interviews of 35 respondents. In depth, the interviews were conducted in Indonesia with a sample of Javanese‐Muslim customers of the airline, retail, hotel, and restaurant industries. Theoretical saturation was achieved with thick rich scripts obtained from respondents.Findings – Preliminary analysis suggests some distinct outcomes positioning culture and religion as important constructs for.
Fluctuations in Rat Testicular Interstitial Oxygen Tensions Are Linked to Testicular Vasomotion: Persistence after Repair of Torsion1

Abstract Testicular microvascular blood flow is known to exhibit vasomotion, which has been shown to be significantly altered in the short term following the repair of testicular torsion. This loss of vasomotion may ultimately be responsible for the loss of spermatogenesis observed after testicular torsion in rats. In the present study, testicular vasomotion and interstitial oxygen tensions were simultaneously measured prior to, during, and at various time points after repair of testicular torsion in the rat. Testicular torsion was induced by a 720° rotation of the testis for 1 h. Laser-Doppler flowmetry and an oxygen electrode were used to simultaneously measure vasomotion and interstitial oxygen tensions (PO2), respectively. Pretorsion control testes had a mean blood flow of 16.3 ± 1.3 perfusion units (PU) and displayed vasomotion with a cycle frequency of 12 ± 0.2 cycles per minute and a mean amplitude of 4.2 ± 0.3 PU. Mean testicular interstitial PO2 was 12.5 ± 2.6 mm Hg, which displayed a cyclical variation of 11.9 ± 0.4 cycles per minute with a mean amplitude of 2.8 ± 0.8 mm Hg. During the torsion period, both mean blood flow and interstitial PO2 decreased to approximately zero. Upon detorsion, mean microvascular blood flow and mean interstitial PO2 values returned to values that were not significantly different from pretorsion values within 30 min; however, vasomotion and PO2 cycling did not return, even after 24 h. It was 7 days after the repair of torsion before a regular pattern of vasomotion and PO2 cycling returned. These results demonstrate for the first time a correlation between testicular vasomotion and interstitial PO2 cycling, and this correlation persists after the repair of testicular torsion.
R&D subsidies and private R&D expenditures: evidence from Italian manufacturing data

This paper uses a comprehensive firm level data set for the manufacturing sector in Italy to investigate the effect of government support on privately financed R&D expenditure. Estimates from a non‐parametric matching procedure suggest that public assistance has a positive effect on private R&D investment in the sense that the recipient firms achieve more private R&D than they would have without public support. This indicates that the possibility of perfect crowding out between private and public funds can be rejected. Furthermore, in this sample of Italian firms, tax incentives appear to be more effective than direct grants. The paper also examines whether public funding affects the financial sources available for R&D and finds that grants encourage the use of internal sources. The results also show some evidence of positive effects on credit financing for R&D.
Performance Attribution of Us Institutional Investors

Institutional investors play a prominent role in today’s markets. Quarterly reported portfolio holdings make it possible to evaluate the risk-adjusted equity investment performance of all institutional investors in the United States during 1981-2002. The results indicate that institutional investors have been successful in managing client assets; they have added significant value by generating excess returns after controlling for underlying portfolio risk factors. Style choice is the main factor in determining overall portfolio performance, but institutional investors also displayed significant stock selection skills during the period. The stocks they choose for their portfolios have outperformed the stocks they exclude.
Predictors of retention of African American women in a walking program.

OBJECTIVE To predict retention of African American women 6 months after initiating a community walking program. METHODS Demographics, health status, cancer-related health behaviors, and network membership data from baseline wellness questionnaires of 1322 African American women participating in the walking program were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Seventy-eight percent (n = 1032) of African American women were retained at 6 months. Network membership was the primary predictor of retention. CONCLUSIONS Women affiliated with our comprehensive network, which provides ongoing cancer awareness, screening, and prevention programs to reduce cancer health disparities, were more likely to accomplish the first major milestone of the program.