Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute adverse reactions to psychoactive drugs, drug usage, and psychopathology.

A field survey method was used to examine the relationship between psychopathology and acute adverse reactions to psychoactive drugs. A paper-andpencil measure of acute adverse reactions was discussed. Acute adverse reactions were hypothesized to covary positively with regression, schizophrenia, and drug usage, and to covary negatively with adjustment and paranoia. These hypotheses were supported. Usage of LSD and mescaline was hypothesized to covary positively with regression and covary negatively with adjustment; these hypotheses were supported. A hypothesis that schizophrenia would positively covary with LSD and mescaline usage was not confirmed. Regression was also found to be related to marijuana usage. A recursive linear model is developed in an attempt to integrate and explain these results.
Pure colour novelty captures the gaze

ABSTRACT While it is common wisdom that a salient visual event draws attention, experimental research provided mixed support for this hypothesis. The present experiment seeks evidence that a singleton draws attention to the degree that its feature is novel or unexpected. Two visual search experiments were conducted where an irrelevant colour singleton is presented on each pre-critical trial to familiarize participants with the presence of the singleton. In the critical trial of Experiment 1, the singleton was presented in a novel colour without prior announcement. The singleton was gazed at significantly earlier and longer in the critical trial, as compared to pre-critical trials. This result is consistent with predictions from the expectancy discrepancy hypothesis that colour novelty is sufficient to capture attention. Experiment 2 tested the alternative explanation that a surprising event mainly leads to a breakdown of the previously acquired attentional set, which in turn causes a reorientation towards perceptual salience. An unannounced change of the background colour in the critical trial while the singleton colour remained unchanged did not induce an attentional capture by the singleton like in Experiment 1. This result further confirms that surprising events capture attention in a spatial manner.
Investigating the Professional Competency and Reflective Practices of State Islamic Primary School English Teachers

Continuous teacher reflection is part of the teachers’ education literature. However, in practice, teachers rarely carry out self-reflection processes to make a number of improvements toward their professional performance. This research aimed to know (1) the professional competency of State Primary Islamic School (MIN) English teachers in Mataram in conducting learning process; (2) the reflective practice of these teachers to improve their professional competencies in conducting learning process. This is a qualitative descriptive research as it describes data of the professional competency and the reflective practice of State Primary Islamic School (MIN) English teachers in Mataram in conducting learning process. To collect data, the reseracher uses observation, interview and dokumentation. The research informen are MIN headmasters, English language teachers, and some students. The data analysis technique used (1) data reduction; (2) data verification; and (3) Conclusion. The reserach result showed that (1) the professional competency of State Primary Islamic School (MIN) English teachers in Mataram in conducting learning process is good enough. It is indicated through implementation of three learning activities (Introduction Activity, Main Activity, and Closing Activity) with the supported activities; (2) There are 3 types of reflective practice done by English teachers of State Primary Islamic School (MIN) in Mataram through learning process namely (a) the use of learning media; (b) the addition of exercise score; and (c) the chianging of exercise content.
Combining Sensory Information: Mandatory Fusion Within, but Not Between, Senses

Humans use multiple sources of sensory information to estimate environmental properties. For example, the eyes and hands both provide relevant information about an object's shape. The eyes estimate shape using binocular disparity, perspective projection, etc. The hands supply haptic shape information by means of tactile and proprioceptive cues. Combining information across cues can improve estimation of object properties but may come at a cost: loss of single-cue information. We report that single-cue information is indeed lost when cues from within the same sensory modality (disparity and texture gradients in vision) are combined, but not when different modalities (vision and haptics) are combined.
The impact of odor–reward memory on chemotaxis in larval Drosophila

How do animals adaptively integrate innate with learned behavioral tendencies? We tackle this question using chemotaxis as a paradigm. Chemotaxis in the Drosophila larva largely results from a sequence of runs and oriented turns. Thus, the larvae minimally need to determine (i) how fast to run, (ii) when to initiate a turn, and (iii) where to direct a turn. We first report how odor-source intensities modulate these decisions to bring about higher levels of chemotactic performance for higher odor-source intensities during innate chemotaxis. We then examine whether the same modulations are responsible for alterations of chemotactic performance by learned odor "valence" (understood throughout as level of attractiveness). We find that run speed (i) is neither modulated by the innate nor by the learned valence of an odor. Turn rate (ii), however, is modulated by both: the higher the innate or learned valence of the odor, the less often larvae turn whenever heading toward the odor source, and the more often they turn when heading away. Likewise, turning direction (iii) is modulated concordantly by innate and learned valence: turning is biased more strongly toward the odor source when either innate or learned valence is high. Using numerical simulations, we show that a modulation of both turn rate and of turning direction is sufficient to account for the empirically found differences in preference scores across experimental conditions. Our results suggest that innate and learned valence organize adaptive olfactory search behavior by their summed effects on turn rate and turning direction, but not on run speed. This work should aid studies into the neural mechanisms by which memory impacts specific aspects of behavior.
The Effect of a Nurse-Led Multidisciplinary Team on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Rates

Background. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a worrisome, yet potentially preventable threat in critically ill patients. Evidence-based clinical practices targeting the prevention of VAP have proven effective, but the most optimal methods to ensure consistent implementation and compliance remain unknown. Methods. A retrospective study of the trend in VAP rates in a community-hospital's open medical intensive care unit (MICU) after the enactment of a nurse-led VAP prevention team. The period of the study was between April 1, 2009, and September 30, 2012. The team rounded on mechanically ventilated patients every Tuesday and Thursday. They ensured adherence to the evidence-based VAP prevention. A separate and independent infection control team monitored VAP rates. Results. Across the study period, mean VAP rate was 3.20/1000 ventilator days ±5.71 SD. Throughout the study time frame, there was an average monthly reduction in VAP rate of 0.27/1000 ventilator days, P < 0.001 (CI: −0.40–−0.13). Conclusion. A nurse-led interdisciplinary team dedicated to VAP prevention rounding twice a week to ensure adherence with a VAP prevention bundle lowered VAP rates in a community-hospital open MICU. The team had interdepartmental and administrative support and addressed any deficiencies in the VAP prevention bundle components actively.
Optimal Experience and Personal Growth: Flow and the Consolidation of Place Identity

This study examined the relationship between flow experience and place identity, based on eudaimonistic identity theory (EIT) which prioritizes self-defining activities as important for an individual’s identification of his/her goals, values, beliefs, and interests corresponding to one’s own identity development or enhancement. This study focuses on place identity, the identity’s features relating to a person’s relation with her/his place. The study is also based on flow theory, according to which some salient features of an activity experience are important for happiness and well-being. Questionnaire surveys on Italian and Greek residents focused on their perceived flow and place identity in relation to their own specific local place experiences. The overall findings revealed that flow experience occurring in one’s own preferred place is widely reported as resulting from a range of self-defining activities, irrespective of gender or age, and it is positively and significantly associated with one’s own place identity. Such findings provide the first quantitative evidence about the link between flow experienced during meaningfully located self-defining activities and identity experienced at the place level, similarly to the corresponding personal and social levels that had been previously already empirically tested. Results are also discussed in terms of their implications for EIT’s understanding and enrichment, especially by its generalization from the traditional, personal identity level up to that of place identity. More generally, this study has implications for maintaining or enhancing one’s own place identity, and therefore people–place relations, by means of facilitating a person’s flow experience within psychologically meaningful places.
Sexuality training in counseling psychology

ABSTRACT The United States (U.S.) is characterized by some of the poorest sexual health outcomes in the industrialized world, as indicated by the teen and unplanned pregnancy rates, rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and occurrence of sexual dysfunction. Many people seek psychotherapy for sex-related concerns, yet little is known about the specific education psychologists receive during their training regarding sex. Existing research has largely been conducted in Canada and among clinical psychologists. While studies have revealed that few applied psychology graduate programs offer training in sexuality, very little is known about the specific content areas covered by those programs who do offer this training. We surveyed faculty from 38 counseling psychology doctoral programs primarily in the U.S. Results indicated that relatively few programs offer comprehensive training in sexuality with particular areas such as sex therapy, sexual expression, and reproductive health especially unlikely to be covered. Commonly covered topics included sexual development, sexual orientation and gender identity, intimacy, sexual trauma and abuse, and intersectionality. Implications for training and future research are offered.
A Functional MRI-Based Model for Individual Memory Assessment in Patients Eligible for Anterior Temporal Lobe Resection

Title: A functional (f) MRI-based model for individual memory assessment in patients eligible for temporal lobe resection. Aim: To investigate if pre-operative fMRI memory paradigms, add predictive information with regard to post-surgical memory deficits. Methods: Fourteen pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) patients accepted for Anterior Temporal Lobe Resection (ATLR) were included. A clinical risk assessment score (RAS 0-3) was constructed from structural MRI, neuropsychological testing and hemisphere dominance. fMRI lateralization indices (LIs) over frontal language and medial temporal regions were calculated. Predictive value from clinical risk scoring and added value from fMRI LIs were correlated to post-surgical memory change scores (significant decline -1 SD). Verbal memory outcome was classified either as expected (RAS 2-3 and post-operative decline; RAS 0-1 and intact post-operative verbal memory) or as unexpected (RAS 2-3 and intact post-operative verbal memory post-surgery; RAS 0-1 and post-operative decline). Results: RAS for verbal memory decline exhibited a specificity of 67% and a sensitivity of 75%. Significant correlations were found between frontal language LIs and post-operative verbal memory (r = -0.802; p = 0.017) for left (L) TLE and between medial temporal lobe LIs and visuospatial memory (r = 0.829; p = 0.021), as well as verbal memory (r = 0.714; p = 0.055) for right (R) TLE. Ten patients had expected outcome and four patients had an unexpected outcome. In two MRI-negative RTLE patients that suffered significant verbal memory decline post-operatively, fMRI identified bilateral language and right lateralized medial temporal verbal encoding. In two LTLE patients with MRI pathology and verbal memory dysfunction, neither RAS nor fMRI identified the risk for aggravated verbal memory decline following ATLR. Conclusion: fMRI visualization of temporal-frontal network activation may add value to the pre-surgical work-up in epilepsy patients eligible for ATLR. Frontal language patterns are important for prediction in both L and RTLE. Strong left lateralized language in LTLE, as well as bilateral language combined with right lateralized encoding in RTLE, seems to indicate an increased risk for post-operative verbal memory decline.
Unsupervised Recognition of Literal and Non-Literal Use of Idiomatic Expressions

We propose an unsupervised method for distinguishing literal and non-literal usages of idiomatic expressions. Our method determines how well a literal interpretation is linked to the overall cohesive structure of the discourse. If strong links can be found, the expression is classified as literal, otherwise as idiomatic. We show that this method can help to tell apart literal and non-literal usages, even for idioms which occur in canonical form.
The Relationship between Computer Anxiety and Computer Self-Efficacy

This study examined the relationship between computer anxiety and computer selfefficacy of students and teachers in elementary and secondary schools. The sample included a total of 845 subjects from two private school systems in Turkey. The Oetting’s Computer Anxiety Scale was used to measure computer anxiety whereas the Murphy’s Computer Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure computer self-efficacy of subjects. The results demonstrated that elementary students were less-anxious than secondary students; males had lower anxiety scores than females; and the difference between anxiety scores of students and teachers was not significant. However, students had higher self-efficacy scores than their teachers; elementary students were more self-efficient than secondary students; and males had higher computer self-efficacy scores than females. The correlation between the variables of computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy was moderate, negative, and significant.
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology Breathing Disorders in Rett Syndrome: Progressive Neurochemical Dysfunction in the Respiratory Network after Birth

Keywords: Rett syndrome (RTT) Respiratory dysfunction Breathing disorders MeCP2 Brain derived neurotrophic factor Norepinephrine a b s t r a c t Disorders of respiratory control are a prominent feature of Rett syndrome (RTT), a severely debilitating condition caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). RTT patients present with a complex respiratory phenotype that can include periods of hyperventilation, apnea, breath holds terminated by Valsalva maneuvers, forced and deep breathing and apneustic breathing, as well as abnormalities of heart rate control and cardiorespiratory integration. Recent studies of mouse models of RTT have begun to shed light on neurologic deficits that likely contribute to respiratory dysfunction including, in particular, defects in neurochemical signaling resulting from abnormal patterns of neuro-transmitter and neuromodulator expression. The authors hypothesize that breathing dysregulation in RTT results from disturbances in mechanisms that modulate the respiratory rhythm, acting either alone or in combination with more subtle disturbances in rhythm and pattern generation. This article reviews the evidence underlying this hypothesis as well as recent efforts to translate our emerging understanding of neurochemical defects in mouse models of RTT into preclinical trials of potential treatments for respiratory dysfunction in this disease.
A gluing lemma and overconvergent modular forms

We prove a gluing lemma for sections of line bundles on a rigid analytic variety. We apply the lemma, in conjunction with a result of Buzzard's, to give a proof of (a generalization) of Coleman's theorem which states that overconvergent modular forms of small slope are classical. The proof is "geometric" in nature, and is suitable for generalization to other PEL Shimura varieties.
Increased Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation Mediated by CREB Binding Protein Gene Activation

ABSTRACT The cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway is central in β-cell gene expression and function. In the nucleus, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates CREB, resulting in recruitment of the transcriptional coactivators p300 and CREB binding protein (CBP). CBP, but not p300, is phosphorylated at serine 436 in response to insulin action. CBP phosphorylation disrupts CREB-CBP interaction and thus reduces nuclear cAMP action. To elucidate the importance of the cAMP-PKA-CREB-CBP pathway in pancreatic β cells specifically at the nuclear level, we have examined mutant mice lacking the insulin-dependent phosphorylation site of CBP. In these mice, the CREB-CBP interaction is enhanced in both the absence and presence of cAMP stimulation. We found that islet and β-cell masses were increased twofold, while pancreas weights were not different from the weights of wild-type littermates. β-Cell proliferation was increased both in vivo and in vitro in isolated islet cultures. Surprisingly, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from perfused, isolated mutant islets was reduced. However, β-cell depolarization with KCl induced similar levels of insulin release from mutant and wild-type islets, indicating normal insulin synthesis and storage. In addition, transcripts of pgc1a, which disrupts glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, were also markedly elevated. In conclusion, sustained activation of CBP-responsive genes results in increased β-cell proliferation. In these β cells, however, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was diminished, resulting from concomitant CREB-CBP-mediated pgc1a gene activation.
A Model of the Safe Asset Mechanism (Sam): Safety Traps and Economic Policy

The global economy has a chronic shortage of safe assets which lies behind many recent macroeconomic imbalances. This paper provides a simple model of the Safe Asset Mechanism (SAM), its recessionary safety traps, and its policy antidotes. Safety traps share many common features with conventional liquidity traps, but also exhibit important differences, in particular with respect to their reaction to policy packages. In general, policy-puts (such as QE1, LTRO, fiscal policy, etc.) that support future bad states of the economy play a central role in the SAM environment, while policy-calls that support the good states of the recovery (e.g., some aspects of forward guidance) are less powerful. Public debt plays a central role in SAM as long as the government has spare fiscal capacity to back safe asset production.
Acquisitions, joint ventures or arm's-length alliances? Analyzing the determinants of the choice of growth strategy in Brazil from 1996 through 2007

This paper analyses the determinants of the choice among different firm growth strategies: acquisitions, joint ventures or arm’s-length alliances. Several theoretical perspectives offer a background to understanding how firms make this choice. However, most empirical studies in this field have been derived from firms in developed countries. In contrast, we turn our attention to the analysis of the growth process of firms in a particular developing country, Brazil. The results mostly support the learning perspective of the firm’s choice. In general, a firm’s previous experience in a specific strategy (e.g.: joint ventures) is significant to determine its future choice for the same strategy as a path to grow. Extending previous studies, we introduced some financial factors as explanatory variables but they showed no statistical significance.
Perception and Control Challenges for Effec tive Human-Robot Handoff s

Human-robot handoffs are a primary task for a personal robot. Previously, robots put the majority of the handoff burden on the human, where in the case of the human to robot handoff the human had to position and orient the object into the robot’s hand. This works well because it is a very easy task for humans, but what happens if humans handoff objects while they are distracted or if they have some impairment? Is the handoff still possible? The recent arrival of reliable humantracking systems like the Kinect and smart control algorithms that use the human-tracking feedback and other sensor data can allow for rich human-robot interaction where the robot is aware of the human and can actively collaborate together towards a final goal. In this paper, we use rich 3D RGB-D data for humantracking and object detection, combined with incremental control methods, to create a handoff system that is reliable and allows the robot to actively collaborate in a handoff with a human.
The changing dichotomy between the sacred and the profane: a historical analysis of the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage

ABSTRACT In a world where belief systems are constantly evolving, the number of people making a religious pilgrimage has skyrocketed. The Camino (Road) to Santiago (Saint James) de Compostela has been part of this general fervor. The present study looks at the dichotomy within this particular pilgrimage between the sacred and the profane, applying a historical method toward this end. It will demonstrate that at each of the three periods used here as units of analysis (Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Postmodernity), the sacred and the profane have combined in specific ways around the constructs of separation, encapsulation, and hybridization. This categorization justifies pilgrimages’ depiction as societal and commercial phenomena; shows that this particular, mythical pilgrimage has always been associated with markets and consumption behavior; and offers insights into these elements’ development and operationalization in the marketing arena.