Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analytical nonlinear model for laminate multiferroic composites reproducing the DC magnetic bias dependent magnetoelectric properties

In this work, we propose an analytical nonlinear model for laminate multiferroic composites in which the magnetic-field-induced strain in magnetostrictive phase is described by a standard square law taking the stress effect into account, whereas the ferroelectric phase retains a linear piezoelectric response. Furthermore, differing from previous models which assume uniform deformation, we take into account the stress attenuation and adopt non-uniform deformation along the layer thickness in both piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. Analysis of this model on L-T and L-L modes of sandwiched Terfenol-D/lead zirconate titanate/TerfenolD composites can well reproduce the observed dc magnetic field (Hdc) dependent magnetoelectric coefficients, which reach their maximum with the Hdc all at about 500 Oe. The model also suggests that stress attenuation along the layer thickness in practical composites should be taken into account. Furthermore, the model also indicates that a high volume fraction of magnetostrictive phase is required to get giant magnetoelectric coupling, coinciding with existing models.
Ancient Admixture in Human History

Population mixture is an important process in biology. We present a suite of methods for learning about population mixtures, implemented in a software package called ADMIXTOOLS, that support formal tests for whether mixture occurred and make it possible to infer proportions and dates of mixture. We also describe the development of a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array consisting of 629,433 sites with clearly documented ascertainment that was specifically designed for population genetic analyses and that we genotyped in 934 individuals from 53 diverse populations. To illustrate the methods, we give a number of examples that provide new insights about the history of human admixture. The most striking finding is a clear signal of admixture into northern Europe, with one ancestral population related to present-day Basques and Sardinians and the other related to present-day populations of northeast Asia and the Americas. This likely reflects a history of admixture between Neolithic migrants and the indigenous Mesolithic population of Europe, consistent with recent analyses of ancient bones from Sweden and the sequencing of the genome of the Tyrolean “Iceman. ”
Emerging techniques for pathogen discovery in endophthalmitis

Purpose of review Despite the inability to detect certain organisms and relatively low yield, microbial culture is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of most intraocular infections. Research on alternative molecular diagnostic methods has produced an array of strategies that augment and improve pathogen detection. This review summarizes the most recent literature on this topic. Recent findings The yield of traditional microbial culture has not improved since the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study results were published 20 years ago. Advances in PCR methods have enabled quantification of pathogen load and screening for multiple organisms at once. More recently, deep sequencing techniques allow highly sensitive detection of any DNA-based life form in a specimen. This offers the promise of not only improved detection of traditional organisms but can also identify organisms not previously associated with endophthalmitis. Summary Molecular diagnostic methods enhance the results of microbial culture and may become the new standard in the diagnosis of intraocular infections.
Differential Methylation of Genes in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Developing and Adult Rats Following Exposure to Maltreatment or Nurturing Care During Infancy

Quality of maternal care in infancy is an important contributing factor in the development of behavior and psychopathology. One way maternal care could affect behavioral trajectories is through environmentally induced epigenetic alterations within brain regions known to play prominent roles in cognition, emotion regulation, and stress responsivity. Whereas such research has largely focused on the hippocampus or hypothalamus, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has only just begun to receive attention. The current study was designed to determine whether exposure to maltreatment or nurturing care is associated with differential methylation of candidate gene loci (bdnf and reelin) within the medial PFC (mPFC) of developing and adult rats. Using a within-litter design, infant male and female rats were exposed to an adverse or nurturing caregiving environment outside their home cage for 30 min per day during the first postnatal week. Additional littermates remained with their biological caregiver within the home cage during the manipulations. We observed that infant rats subjected to caregiver maltreatment emitted more audible and ultrasonic vocalizations than littermates subjected to nurturing care either within or outside of the home cage. While we found no maltreatment-induced changes in bdnf DNA methylation present in infancy, sex-specific alterations were present in the mPFC of adolescents and adults that had been exposed to maltreatment. Furthermore, while maltreated females showed differences in reelin DNA methylation that were transient, males exposed to maltreatment and both males and females exposed to nurturing care outside the home cage showed differences in reelin methylation that emerged by adulthood. Our results demonstrate the ability of infant-caregiver interactions to epigenetically mark genes known to play a prominent role in cognition and psychiatric disorders within the mPFC. Furthermore, our data indicate the remarkable complexity of alterations that can occur, with both transient and later emerging DNA methylation differences that could shape developmental trajectories and underlie gender differences in outcomes.
Strains from both Theiler's virus subgroups encode a determinant for demyelination

The GDVII strain and other members of the GDVII subgroup of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) cause an acute lethal neuronal infection in mice, whereas the DA strain and other members of the TO subgroup of TMEV cause a chronic demyelinating disease associated with a persistent virus infection. We used GDVII/DA chimeric infectious cDNAs to produce intratypic recombinant viruses in order to clarify reasons for the TMEV subgroup-specific difference in demyelinating activity. We found that both the GDVII and DA strains contain a genetic determinant(s) for demyelinating activity. No demyelination occurs following GDVII strain inoculation because this strain produces an early neuronal disease that kills mice before white matter disease and persistent infection can occur.
"A Rose by Any Other Name": Which Colleges Became Universities

This study examines the institutional characteristics of the more than 100 institutions that changed their name from "college" to "university" during the 1990s. It explores three competing hypotheses to explain these name changes. The findings show that the institutions involved were predominantly less selective institutions that enrolled greater numbers of graduate students than their peers.
User-level data center tomography

Measurement and inference in data centers present a set of opportunities and challenges distinct from the Internet domain. Existing toolsets may be perturbed or be mislead by issues related to virtualization. Yet, while equally confronted by scale, data centers are relatively homogenous and symmetric. We believe these may be attributes to be exploited. However, data is required to better evaluate our hypotheses. Therefore, we introduce our efforts to gather data using a single framework from which we can launch tests of our choosing. Our observations reinforce recent claims, but indicate changes in the network. They also reveal additional obfuscations stemming from virtualization.
Behavioral information biases the expected facial appearance of members of novel groups

The present study tests the hypothesis that behavioral information diagnostic of an out-group's traits biases the expected facial appearance of out-group members toward having facial features corresponding with the inferred traits. Participants formed a stereotype about a novel group based on random exemplar faces, presented alongside descriptions of their behavior. The behavioral information was manipulated to reflect either trustworthy or criminal traits, whereas the stimulus faces did not reflect any traits. Afterwards, participants' expected facial appearance of group members was assessed using a reverse correlation task. Independent judges rated the resulting visualized expectations as more criminal in the criminal behavioral information condition than in the trustworthy behavioral information condition. The current work establishes a causal link between behavioral information and expected out-group faces where previously only correlations had been observed.
Investigating the Cross‐Cultural Applicability of the Personnel Reaction Blank Using American and Singaporean Respondent Groups

The Personnel Reaction Blank (PRB) is an important personality‐based instrument for assessing the integrity of individuals. Our study investigated the cross‐cultural applicability of its three psychological factors (Sense of Well‐being, SWB; Prosocial Background, PSB; and Compliance with Social Norms, CSN) using American and Singaporean respondent groups. Based on this three‐factor structure, the PRB demonstrated acceptable cross‐group generalizability. Mean scores for SWB, PSB, and CSN showed differences between male and female respondents, although the factor correlation matrices were invariant across gender. The mean composite score (SWB + PSB + CSN) was also not significantly different across gender.
Does the growth response of woody plants to elevated CO2 increase with temperature? A model‐oriented meta‐analysis

The temperature dependence of the reaction kinetics of the Rubisco enzyme implies that, at the level of a chloroplast, the response of photosynthesis to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) will increase with increasing air temperature. Vegetation models incorporating this interaction predict that the response of net primary productivity (NPP) to elevated CO2 (eCa) will increase with rising temperature and will be substantially larger in warm tropical forests than in cold boreal forests. We tested these model predictions against evidence from eCa experiments by carrying out two meta‐analyses. Firstly, we tested for an interaction effect on growth responses in factorial eCa × temperature experiments. This analysis showed a positive, but nonsignificant interaction effect (95% CI for above‐ground biomass response = −0.8, 18.0%) between eCa and temperature. Secondly, we tested field‐based eCa experiments on woody plants across the globe for a relationship between the eCa effect on plant biomass and mean annual temperature (MAT). This second analysis showed a positive but nonsignificant correlation between the eCa response and MAT. The magnitude of the interactions between CO2 and temperature found in both meta‐analyses were consistent with model predictions, even though both analyses gave nonsignificant results. Thus, we conclude that it is not possible to distinguish between the competing hypotheses of no interaction vs. an interaction based on Rubisco kinetics from the available experimental database. Experiments in a wider range of temperature zones are required. Until such experimental data are available, model predictions should aim to incorporate uncertainty about this interaction.
From copying to learning: using exemplars to engage students with assessment criteria and feedback

Feedback is central to pedagogic theory, and if feedback is to be effective, students need to engage with it and apply it at some point in the future. However, student dissatisfaction with feedback – as evidenced in the National Student Survey – suggests that there are problems which limit student engagement with feedback, such as their perception that much of their feedback is irrelevant to future assignments. This article reports on a study which sought to enhance engagement by giving students exemplar assignments annotated with feedback before submission of their final assignments. This was done by providing an online facility where students could view exemplars and post comments or questions to tutors and peers on a discussion board. The exemplar facility was highly valued by students, although there were no quantitative effects such as an increase in students’ assignment marks when compared with the previous cohort. The article reflects on possible reasons for this result and discusses ways to improve the exemplar facility, for example by facilitating dialogue between tutors and students. The article concludes with lessons learned about how to construct exemplars, and considers how exemplars might also be used within marking teams to improve consistency of marking.
Techniques of abortion.

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Instructional constraints on movement and performance of players in the penalty kick

The influence of different instructional constraints on movement organisation and performance outcomes of the penalty kick (PK) was investigated according to participant age. Sixty penalty takers and twelve goalkeepers from two age groups (under 15 and under 17) performed 300 PKs under five different task conditions, including: no explicit instructional constraints provided (Control); instructional constraints on immobility (IMMOBILE) and mobility (MOBILE) of goalkeepers; and, use of keeper-dependent (DEP) and independent (INDEP) strategies by penalty takers. Every trial was video recorded and digitised using motion analysis techniques. Dependent variables (DVs) were: movement speed of penalty takers and the angles between the goalkeeper’s position and the goal line (i.e., diving angle), and between the penalty taker and a line crossing the penalty spot and the centre of the goal (i.e., run up angle). Instructions significantly influenced the way that goalkeepers (higher values in MOBILE relative to Control) and penalty takers (higher values in Control than in DEP) used movement speed during performance, as well as the goalkeepers’ movements and diving angle (less pronounced dives in the MOBILE condition compared with INDEP). Results showed how different instructions constrained participant movements during performance, although players’ performance efficacy remained constant, reflecting their adaptive variability.
Removal or Revision of Vaginal Mesh Used for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence.

IMPORTANCE Synthetic mesh slings are the most common surgical treatment for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, the US Food and Drug Administration has released warnings that question the safety of vaginal mesh. OBJECTIVES To measure the incidence of mesh removal or revision after SUI procedures and to determine whether significant surgeon and patient risk factors exist. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based retrospective cohort study that included all adult women undergoing an incident procedure for SUI with synthetic mesh in Ontario, Canada, from April 1, 2002, through December 31, 2012 (N = 59 887). The end of potential follow-up was March 31, 2013. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2014, through February 28, 2015. EXPOSURES Yearly volume of mesh-based procedures for SUI performed by the treating surgeons and their surgical specialty. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was a composite of surgical procedures related to removal or revision of mesh slings (owing to erosion, fistula, pain, or retention). We hypothesized a priori that surgeon volume would be inversely correlated with complications. RESULTS Among the identified 59 887 women who underwent a mesh-based procedure for SUI, the median age was 52 (interquartile range [IQR], 45-63) years. High-volume surgeons (≥75th percentile of yearly mesh-based procedures) were less likely to perform a simultaneous hysterectomy (performed in 11.5% vs 16.5% of patients; standardized difference, 0.14), were more likely to work in an academic center (28.9% vs 16.3% of patients; standardized difference, 0.30), and saw the patient less frequently in the year before the procedure (median, 2 [IQR, 1-3] vs 3 [IQR, 2-4] visits; standardized difference, 0.26). Complications were treated in 1307 women (2.2%), and the 10-year cumulative incidence rate was 3.29 (95% CI, 3.05-3.53). In our multivariable survival model, patients of high-volume surgeons had a significantly lower risk (95% CI) for experiencing our composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73 [0.65-0.83]; absolute risk reduction, 0.63% [0.36%-0.92%]; P < .01). Gynecologists were not significantly associated with more complications compared with urologists (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.83-1.08]; P = .38). Among our secondary exposures of interest, multiple mesh-based SUI procedures increased the risk for complications (HR, 4.73 [95% CI, 3.62-6.17]; P < .01). However, traditional high-risk patient features did not increase the risk (HR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.08-4.13]; P = .59). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Ten years after SUI mesh surgery, 1 of every 30 women may require a second procedure for mesh removal or revision. Patients of lower-volume surgeons have a 37% increased likelihood of having a complication. These findings support the recommendations of the US Food and Drug Administration related to the use of vaginal mesh for treatment of SUI.
The Impact of Perceived Process Characteristics on Process Virtualizability

Due to the growing world-wide globalization and the possibility to use new innovations of the digital economy, more and more processes and services are being virtualized. Recently, Process Virtualization Theory has been suggested as one way for understanding factors that affect the behavior of process participants when they face a virtual process. In order to verify the theory’s core claims, we design a research model and subsequently develop measurement instruments to empirically analyze and test why different process participants use or do not use this process in a virtual environment. Therefore we develop measurement instruments and conduct a questionnaire-based survey study carried out in Frankfurt Airport as well as at the Leipzig Airport in Germany with 183 participants in total. The results indicate that process characteristics in the form of requirements affect individual attitudes towards using airline check-in processes, which can be conducted virtually by checking in online via a website, or physically by checking in at the counter at the airport. We provide empirical evidence for the validity of Process Virtualization Theory, and demonstrate that our model is statistically significant and well constructed.
Fatty Acid Transport in Adipocytes Monitored by Imaging Intracellular Free Fatty Acid Levels*

Transport of free fatty acids (FFA) across the adipocyte plasma membrane is critical for maintaining homeostasis. To determine the membrane's role in regulating transport we describe here the first measurements of the intracellular (unbound) FFA concentration ([FFAi]) and their use in monitoring transport of FFA across 3T3F442A adipocytes. [FFAi] was measured by microinjecting cells with ADIFAB, a fluorescently labeled fatty acid-binding protein that is used to measure unbound FFA levels. We used ratio fluorescence microscopy of intracellular ADIFAB to image unbound FFA levels and determined the time course of [FFAi] in response to changing the extracellular unbound FFA concentration ([FFAo]). [FFAo] was clamped at defined levels using complexes of FFA and bovine serum albumin. We show that FFA influx is slow, requiring about 300 s to reach steady state (rate constant ∼ 0.02 s-1) and saturable (Ko ∼ 200 nm). Efflux is twice as fast as influx, for zero [FFAo], but decreases with increasing [FFAo]. Surprisingly, at steady state [FFAi] is 2–5-fold (average 2-fold) greater than [FFAo] and this [FFAi]/[FFAo] gradient is abolished by depleting cellular ATP. Our results indicate that FFA transport across adipocyte membranes is highly regulated, involving an ATP-driven pump and a mechanism for gating efflux that is sensitive to [FFAo]. These characteristics are well described by a membrane carrier model but are not consistent with FFA transport across the membrane's lipid phase. We suggest that these characteristics are important in regulating circulating FFA levels by the adipocyte.
Tissue engineered aortic valve

Several prostheses are available to replace degenerative diseased aortic valves with unique advantages and disadvantages. Bioprotheses show excellent hemodynamic behavior and low risk of thromboembolic complications, but are limited by tissue deterioration. Mechanical heart valves have extended durability, but permanent anticoagulation is mandatory. Tissue engineering created a new generation heart valve, which overcome limitations of biological and mechanical heart valves due to remodelling, regeneration and growth potential. Several publications are available in using tissue engineered heart valves in right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Limited experiences are available on these heart valves implanted into the systemic circulation. This overview shows the current state on the development of tissue engineered aortic heart valves.
Multimodal recognition of emotions

This thesis proposes algorithms and techniques to be used for automatic recognition of six prototypic emotion categories by computer programs, based on the recognition of facial expressions and emotion patterns in voice. Considering the applicability in real-life conditions, the research is carried in the context of devising person independent methods that should be robust to various factors given the specificity of the considered modalities. An immediate focus represents the development of audio-visual algorithms and their implementation in form of software applications for automatic recognition of emotions.