Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress induced lung cancer and COPD: opportunities for epigenetic therapy

• Oxidative stress, epigenetics, NSCLC and COPD ‐ Cigarette smoke mediated cellular proliferation ‐ Cigarette smoke mediated lung destruction ‐ DNA methylation and lung cancer ‐ Histone post‐translational modifications and lung cancer • Linking epigenetics and oxidative stress to the development of COPD and NSCLC ‐ HATs and KATs in the developing lung ‐ HDACs and COPD ‐ Aberrant KAT/HDAC activity in NSCLC ‐ ATP‐dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes and NSCLC ‐ KATs/HDACs and oxidative stress pathways ‐ KEAP1‐NRF2‐ARE signalling pathway • Epigenetics, COPD, NSCLC and oxidative stress pathways/genes ‐ NRF2 ‐ Heme oxygenase 1 ‐ Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α ‐ PGC‐1α ‐ Oxidative stress, epigenetics, glucocorticoids and COPD ‐ Oxidative stress, acetylation and its role in the regulation of NFκB ‐ Targeting epigenetic mechanisms in COPD and NSCLC • Theophylline – a novel agonist of HDACs ‐ Current clinical trials involving epigenetic therapies in COPD and NSCLC • Dietary HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents to target ‐ COPD or NSCLC? • Sulforaphane • Curcumin • Epigallocatechin 3‐gallate (EGCG) • Can dietary epigenetic inhibitors work in the clinical setting? • Caveats • Conclusions
H i DISTRIBUTION AND TULLY–FISHER DISTANCES OF GAS-POOR SPIRAL GALAXIES IN THE VIRGO CLUSTER REGION

We present aperture synthesis observations in the 21 cm line of pointings centered on the Virgo Cluster region spirals NGC 4307, NGC 4356, NGC 4411B, and NGC 4492 using the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope in its CS configuration. These galaxies were identified in a previous study of the three-dimensional distribution of H i emission in the Virgo region as objects with a substantial dearth of atomic gas and Tully–Fisher (TF) distance estimates that located them well outside the main body of the cluster. We have detected two other galaxies located in two of our fields and observed bands, the spiral NGC 4411A and the dwarf spiral VCC 740. We provide detailed information of the gas morphology and kinematics for all these galaxies. Our new data confirm the strong H i deficiency of all the main targets but NGC 4411B, which is found to have a fairly normal neutral gas content. The VLA observations have also been used to discuss the applicability of TF techniques to the five largest spirals we have observed. We conclude that none of them is actually suitable for a TF distance evaluation, whether due to the radical trimming of their neutral hydrogen disks (NGC 4307, NGC 4356, and NGC 4492) or to their nearly face-on orientation (NGC 4411A and B).
Neurocardiac Transfer: Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Neurocardiac Responses to Exercise and Exercise Recovery with the Untrained Limbs

There have been many attempts at answering the question of whether the cardiovascular adaptations resulting from aerobic exercise training of a particular muscle group are transferable when exercise is performed with the untrained muscles? Through the use of power spectral analysis (PSA) of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) the present study investigated this question in terms of a training induced modification ofneurocardiac control. Fifteen healthy subjects (7 arm trainers & 8 leg trainers) aerobically exercise trained for 9 weeks, 3 sessions/week for 45 minutes/session. Training workload intensities were selected individually to obtain a target training heart rate (HR) between 75-80% HR maximum as determined from the initial pre-training V02max. of the respective limbs. The exercise training program had no effect on supine rest HR, HR V or BPV, or standing HR and HRV. Following training, the arm group demonstrated a significant increase in V02peak (30.0 ± 1.4 to 34.2 ± 1.8 mllkg/min.; p<0.05) during arm exercise and a significant reduction in leg exercise V02peak ( 44.8 ± 2.1 to 41.2 ± 1.6 mllkg/min.; p<0.05). The leg training group demonstrated a slight post-training increase in leg exercise V02peak (43.5 ± 1.7 to 44.2 ± 2.4 mllkg/min.; N.S.) and no change in arm exercise V02peak. Post-training changes in the maximum power produced during the respective limb group exercise tests corresponded to those of V02peak results. Mean HR values obtained from the arm trained group during the progressive maximal arm exercise test demonstrated significant post-training reductions at 50 percent (. l-13 ± 3.0 b.p.m. ;
Response-Modality-Specific Encoding of Human Choices in Upper Beta Band Oscillations during Vibrotactile Comparisons

Perceptual decisions based on the comparison of two vibrotactile frequencies have been extensively studied in non-human primates. Recently, we obtained corresponding findings from human oscillatory electroencephalography (EEG) activity in the form of choice-selective modulations of upper beta band amplitude in medial premotor areas. However, the research in non-human primates as well as its human counterpart was so far limited to decisions reported by button presses. Thus, here we investigated whether the observed human beta band modulation is specific to the response modality. We recorded EEG activity from participants who compared two sequentially presented vibrotactile frequencies (f1 and f2), and decided whether f2 > f1 or f2 < f1, by performing a horizontal saccade to either side of a computer screen. Contrasting time-frequency transformed EEG data between both choices revealed that upper beta band amplitude (∼24–32 Hz) was modulated by participants’ choices before actual responses were given. In particular, “f2 > f1” choices were always associated with higher beta band amplitude than “f2 < f1” choices, irrespective of whether the choice was correct or not, and independent of the specific association between saccade direction and choice. The observed pattern of beta band modulation was virtually identical to our previous results when participants responded with button presses. In line with an intentional framework of decision making, the most likely sources of the beta band modulation were now, however, located in lateral as compared to medial premotor areas including the frontal eye fields. Hence, we could show that the choice-selective modulation of upper beta band amplitude is on the one hand consistent across different response modalities (i.e., same modulation pattern in similar frequency band), and on the other hand effector specific (i.e., modulation originating from areas involved in planning and executing saccades).
Echolocation call production during aerial and terrestrial locomotion by New Zealand's enigmatic lesser short-tailed bat, Mystacina tuberculata

SUMMARY Linkage of echolocation call production with contraction of flight muscles has been suggested to reduce the energetic cost of flight with echolocation, such that the overall cost is approximately equal to that of flight alone. However, the pattern of call production with limb movement in terrestrially agile bats has never been investigated. We used synchronised high-speed video and audio recordings to determine patterns of association between echolocation call production and limb motion by Mystacina tuberculata Gray 1843 as individuals walked and flew, respectively. Results showed that there was no apparent linkage between call production and limb motion when bats walked. When in flight, two calls were produced per wingbeat, late in the downstroke and early in the upstroke. When bats walked, calls were produced at a higher rate, but at a slightly lower intensity, compared with bats in flight. These results suggest that M. tuberculata do not attempt to reduce the cost of terrestrial locomotion and call production through biomechanical linkage. They also suggest that the pattern of linkage seen when bats are in flight is not universal and that energetic savings cannot necessarily be explained by contraction of muscles associated with the downstroke alone.
A waypoint-based framework in brain-controlled smart home environments: Brain interfaces, domotics, and robotics integration

The noninvasive brain-machine interface (BMI) is anticipated to be an effective tool of communication not only in laboratory settings but also in our daily livings. The direct communication channel created by BMI can assist aging societies and the handicapped and improve human welfare. In this paper we propose and experiment a BMI framework that combines BMI with a robotic house and autonomous robotic wheelchair. Autonomous navigation is achieved by placing waypoints within the house and, from the user side, the user performs BMI to give commands to the house and wheelchair. The waypoint framework can offer essential services to the user with an effectively improved information-transfer rate and is an excellent examples of the fusion of data measured by sensors in the house, which can offer insight into further studies.
Institutions and Discourses on Childcare for Children Under the Age of Three in a Comparative French-Czech Perspective

The article compares the development of policies pertaining to care for preschool children in the course of the second half of the 20th century in France and in the Czech Republic. It aims at identifying the key factors that led to the differentiation of the policies and institutions in the two countries, especially with respect to support for extra-familial care and formal care institutions (nurseries). We build on the theories of ‘new’ institutionalisms and we apply framing analysis, which allows us to understand the formation of ideas that precede policy changes. Specifically, we discuss the role of expert discourse and the framings of care for young children in the process of social policy change. We argue that expert knowledge in interaction with the political, economic, and demographic contexts and how it has been presented in public have had a fundamental impact on the formation of childcare policies and institutions in the two countries.
Decay rates for solutions of degenerate parabolic systems

Explicit decay rates for solutions of systems of degenerate parabolic equations in the whole space or in bounded domains subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions are proven. These systems include the scalar porous medium, fast diusion and p-Laplace equation and strongly coupled systems of these equations. For the whole space problem, the (algebraic) decay rates turn out to be optimal. In the case of bounded domains, algebraic and exponential decay rates are shown to hold depending on the nonlinearities. The proofs of these results rely on the use of the entropy functional together with generalized Nash inequalities (for the whole space problem) or Poincare inequalities (for the bounded domain case).
Temperature dependence of electro-elastic properties of yttrium calcium oxyborate single crystlals

High temperature piezoelectric crystals, YCa<sub>4</sub>O(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (YCOB) possess relatively high piezoelectric activities (d<sub>eff</sub> = ~7.8pC/N, k<sub>eff</sub>= ~19%) and no phase transition prior to the melting point (~1500°C), indicating the potential use for high temperature sensing. In this work, growth of YCOB single crystals by using Czochralski (Cz) method was introduced and the temperature dependence of electro-elastic properties was investigated from 20 to 950°C, where the resonance frequencies relating to elastic compliances <sub>s</sub>E<sub>33</sub> and <sub>s</sub>E<sub>55</sub>, were found to shift linearly with increasing temperature, with relatively large first order temperature coefficient being on the order of ~94ppm/°C. Of particular significance is that the lateral mode of (XY) and (XZ) crystal cuts were found not only possess relatively high electromechanical coupling factor (k<sub>eff</sub>= ~15%) and piezoelectric coefficient (d<sub>eff</sub> = ~4 pC/N), but also the temperature independence of electromechanical properties, demonstrating YCOB a good candidate for high temperature piezoelectric sensing.
Towards a Sociocultural Perspective on Identity Formation in Education

This article discusses a sociocultural approach to processes of identity that has implications for how we understand learning and identity formation in education. Focusing on the socially constructed and culturally figured nature of language, tools, and interactions in learning contexts, this approach assists in the appreciation of how students navigate through and develop an understanding of themselves in different educational contexts. To this end, reference is made to Wortham's work on interactional positioning in narratives and the work of Holland and colleagues on figured worlds. Wortham provides the tools for a systematic analysis of how individuals construct their identities by positioning themselves in discursive interaction. Holland and colleagues alert us to the cultural shaping of such positioning in cultural worlds and the artifacts mediating identity formation. To explore the potential of combining these lenses, a case study is described involving a series of interviews with medical students about their self-perceptions in two contexts of clinical training. The case study highlights how different worlds and identities are formed in these educational contexts.
Effect of Feeding an Iodine‐Restricted Diet in Cats with Spontaneous Hyperthyroidism

Background Exclusive feeding of an iodine‐restricted diet has been proposed as a method for controlling clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism in hyperthyroid cats. Objectives To determine the effect of feeding an iodine‐restricted diet on TT4 concentrations and clinical signs in cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism. Animals Forty‐nine client‐owned cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism. Methods Retrospective case series. Hyperthyroid cats were exclusively fed a commercially available iodine‐restricted diet. Clinical response was assessed by change in weight and heart rate and serum TT4, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine concentrations at various times during dietary management (21–60 days, 60–180 days). Results Serum TT4 normalized in 20/48 cats (42%) and 39/47 cats (83%) at 21–60 days and 61–180 days, respectively. Cats in which the TT4 concentrations were still above reference range at 21–60 days had a significantly higher starting TT4 than those that normalized their TT4 levels during the same time period (P = .038). Body weight did not significantly increase (P = .34) nor heart rate decrease (P = .64) during the study. There was a significant decrease in serum creatinine (P = .028). Cats in the low reference range for serum TT4 concentrations did not have a significant increase in body weight (P = .41) nor creatinine (P = .54) when compared to those with high reference range. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Restricted‐iodine diets were effective at maintaining serum TT4 concentrations within reference ranges for a majority of cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism over 1 year, although not all clinical signs of hyperthyroidism improved.
Shaping of Motor Responses by Incentive Values through the Basal Ganglia

The striatum is a key neural interface for cognitive and motor information processing in which associations between reward value and visual stimulus can be used to modify motor commands. It can guide action–selection processes that occur farther downstream in the basal ganglia (BG) circuit, by encoding the reward value of an action. Here, we report on the study of simultaneously recorded neurons in the dorsal striatum (input stage of the BG) and the internal pallidum (output stage of the BG) in two monkeys performing a center-out motor task in which the visual targets were associated with different reward probabilities. We show that the tuning curves of motor-related neurons in both structures are modulated by the value of the action before movement initiation and during its execution. The representations of values associated with different actions change dynamically during the task in the internal globus pallidus, with a significant increase in the number of encoding neurons for the chosen target at the onset of movement. This report sheds additional light on the functional differences between the input and output structures of the BG and supports the assertion that the dorsal basal ganglia are involved in movement-related decision-making processes based on incentive values.
Lossless coding of floating point data with JPEG 2000 Part 10

JPEG 2000 Part 10 is a new work part of the ISO/IEC JPEG Committee dealing with the extension of JPEG 2000 technologies to three-dimensional data. One of the issues in Part 10 is the ability to encode floating point datasets. Many Part 10 use cases come from the scientific and engineering communities, where floating point data is often produced either from numerical simulations or from remote sensing instruments. This paper presents the technologies that are currently being developed to accommodate this Part 10 requirement. The coding of floating point datasets with JPEG 2000 requires two changes to the coding pipeline. Firstly, the wavelet transformation stage is optimized to correctly decorrelate data represented with the IEEE 754 floating point standard. Special IEEE 754 floating point values like Infinities and NaN's are signaled beforehand as they do not correlate well with other floating point values. Secondly, computation of distortion measures on the encoder side is performed in floating point space, rather than in integer space, in order to correctly perform rate allocation. Results will show that these enhancements to the JPEG 2000 coding pipeline lead to better compression results than Part 1 encoding where the floating point data had been retyped as integers.
Exploring the Ideal and Ought to Second Language Self in English as a Foreign Language

The present study deals with Dornyei’s motivational system in learning English as a second language (L2). The paper consists of two parts. The first part concerns the L2 motivation and the motivational theories that have addressed it. Then, Gardner’s theory of motivation and integrative motive are described, which are followed by a review of its criticism. The more prominent part of this paper presents Dornyei’s work, and the L2 system he proposed. Next, major motivational research in L2 in the world and Croatia is reviewed. The second part of the paper describes the empirical research conducted on the sample of secondary school students in Donji Miholjac. In the present study, the concept of integrativeness was replaced with the Ideal L2 Self as a more appropriate concept for learners’ L2 learning motivation. In general, learners’ motivation correlates with their Ideal L2 and Ought-to L2 Self, which leads to the conclusion that Dornyei’s motivational system is more suitable to understand learners’ L2 motivation because it gives a deeper and more detailed description of the causes and consequences of their motivation. At the end, the conclusion is given based on the underlying theory and research results.
Ectoparasite Community Structure of Two Bats (Myotis lucifugus and M. septentrionalis) from the Maritimes of Canada

Prevalence of bat ectoparasites on sympatric Myotis lucifugus and M. septentrionalis was quantitatively characterized in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick by making systematic collections at swarming sites. Six species of ectoparasite were recorded, including Myodopsylla insignis, Spinturnix americanus, Cimex adjunctus, Macronyssu scrosbyi, Androlaelap scasalis, and an unknown species of the genus Acanthophthirius. Male M. lucifugus and M. septentrionalis had similar prevalence of any ectoparasite (22% and 23%, resp.). Female M. lucifugus and M. septentrionalis had 2-3 times higher prevalence than did conspecific males (68% and 44%, resp.). Prevalence of infection of both genders of young of the year was not different from one another and the highest prevalence of any ectoparasite (M. lucifugus 64%, M. septentrionalis 72%) among all bat groups. Ectoparasite prevalence and intensity varied positively with roost group size and negatively with grooming efficacy and energy budgets, suggesting that these variables may be important in ectoparasite community structure.
Epigenetic and oncogenic regulation of SLC16A7 (MCT2) results in protein over-expression, impacting on signalling and cellular phenotypes in prostate cancer

Monocarboxylate Transporter 2 (MCT2) is a major pyruvate transporter encoded by the SLC16A7 gene. Recent studies pointed to a consistent overexpression of MCT2 in prostate cancer (PCa) suggesting MCT2 as a putative biomarker and molecular target. Despite the importance of this observation the mechanisms involved in MCT2 regulation are unknown. Through an integrative analysis we have discovered that selective demethylation of an internal SLC16A7/MCT2 promoter is a recurrent event in independent PCa cohorts. This demethylation is associated with expression of isoforms differing only in 5′-UTR translational control motifs, providing one contributing mechanism for MCT2 protein overexpression in PCa. Genes co-expressed with SLC16A7/MCT2 also clustered in oncogenic-related pathways and effectors of these signalling pathways were found to bind at the SLC16A7/MCT2 gene locus. Finally, MCT2 knock-down attenuated the growth of PCa cells. The present study unveils an unexpected epigenetic regulation of SLC16A7/MCT2 isoforms and identifies a link between SLC16A7/MCT2, Androgen Receptor (AR), ETS-related gene (ERG) and other oncogenic pathways in PCa. These results underscore the importance of combining data from epigenetic, transcriptomic and protein level changes to allow more comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying protein expression, that in our case provide additional weight to MCT2 as a candidate biomarker and molecular target in PCa.
Joining the Western Region: Sociophonetic Shift in Victoria

The literature on Canadian English provides evidence of distinct dialect regions. Within this landscape, the province of British Columbia is set apart as a sub-region in the west, yet information concerning “local” English is notably skewed toward a single urban setting, Vancouver. To assess and extend the generalizability of prior observations, this paper targets the city of Victoria and situates the results from a large-scale sociolinguistic investigation within the model of the typical (western) Canadian city presented in Boberg (2008, 2010). We consider vocalic features characterized as either General Canadian or distinctively Western Canadian. We also consider “yod” (i.e., the presence of an onglide in student, tune, and the like), a conservative feature that is obsolescing across the nation. Our results support Boberg’s (2008, 2010) observations while positioning Victoria as both innovative—participating in national changes—and conservative—joining certain changes relatively recently and retaining older dialect features. Such results enable us to trace leveling to national and more local dialect patterns, while also reminding us of sociohistorical forces in the formation of dialects.