Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the marginal fit of full ceramic crowns by the microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) technique

Objective: To evaluate the marginal gap (MG) and absolute marginal discrepancy (MD) of full ceramic crowns with two finish line designs, shoulder and chamfer, using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) before and after cementation. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were divided into two groups based on the finish line design: Group I: 90° shoulder and Group II: 135° chamfer. The specimens were further grouped based on the type of full ceramic crown they received: Group A: Feldspathic Cerec inLab ceramic system, Group B: Cerec inLab aluminum oxide ceramic system and Group C: Lithium disilicate press ceramic system. Before cementation, five crowns from each group were scanned using micro-CT in two sections, sagittal and coronal, to determine the MG and MD values for four regions of the crown (sagittal buccal, sagittal lingual, coronal mesial and coronal distal). After cementation and thermal cycling, the scanning was repeated. Measurements were obtained from 10 points for each region, 80 points totally, to evaluate the MG and MD values. Files were processed using NRecon and CTAn software. Results were statistically analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P = 0.05). Results: Full ceramic systems showed clinically acceptable marginal adaptation values. The Feldspathic Cerec inLab ceramic system generally presented the lowest variance, except in the MG values of the coronal mesial region. The MG and MD values of all ceramics increased significantly after cementation, except in the shoulder preparation design (sagittal buccal region) for MG and in the chamfer preparation design (sagittal lingual region) for MD values. Conclusions: Full-ceramic crowns showed clinically acceptable marginal adaptation values. The Feldspathic Cerec inLab ceramic system (Vitablocs Mark II) generally presented the lowest variance when compared with the other ceramics, except for the MG values on the mesial surface of the coronal section.
Effect of oral and inhaled cetirizine in allergen induced bronchoconstriction

Cetirizine is a potent, selective H1 histamine receptor antagonist. The effect of oral and inhaled eetirizine was assessed on the early bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled allergen in 10 mild atopie asthmatic patients in a double‐blind, randomized, plaeebo controlled trial. All were sensitive to Dermatophagoides pleronyssinus and this was used as the provoking allergen. The geometric mean PD20 FEV] values obtained at allergen challenge were measured as cumulative breath units (c.b.u.) and following oral cetirizine, inhaled cetirizine and placebo were 124–5, 75–7 and 76–7 c.b. u. respectively. These did not differ significantly. We conclude that neither oral nor inhaled cetirizine significantly attenuates the early response to inhaled allergen in atopie asthmatic subjects. However, the method of repeated allergen challenge is likely to be relatively insensitive. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, [o]. 23, pp. 528–531.
Middle school reform and early adolescent well-being: The good news and the bad

Earlier research provided evidence that positive interpersonal relationships and the emphasis on understanding, mastery, and challenge (the mastery goal structure) deteriorated when students moved from elementary to middle-level schools. Recommendations for reforming middle-level schools focused in particular on these two dimensions of the learning environment. Recent research suggests that structural changes have been made in many schools (dividing schools into smaller units, team teaching, and providing time for advisory programs) that have contributed to more positive interpersonal relations. Unfortunately, the emphasis on mastery goals in the learning environment continues to decline when students move to middle school. We discuss the implications of these findings for the emotional and academic well-being of young adolescents, and reflect on the special relevancy of these findings for schools serving primarily low-income and African American students.
Magnification functions and receptive field sequences for submodality‐specific bands in SI cortex of cats

Electrophysiological data were collected from the forelimb region of somatosensory cortex in barbiturate‐anesthetized cats using low‐impedance microelectrodes in long slanting trajectories. Subsequently, the brains were fixed and stained with thionin to locate the electrode trajectories and to correlate cytoarchitecture with neural activity. Confirming earlier experiments, regions of cortex, preferentially responsive to one submodality of afferent input, were observed to stretch in mediolateral bands across SI. Separate magnification functions were calculated for each band. In the forelimb region the magnification functions for the deep and cutaneous RA bands could be approximated by linear functions while the data for the cutaneous SA band was best described by a second‐order equation. At least in the forelimb region this magnification function applied only along the anteroposterior dimension of the band because the body representation is anisotropic; along the anteroposterior dimension of the band, receptive field loci may change only millimeters on the skin when the electrode moves through 1 mm of cortex, whereas when an electrode moves in a mediolateral direction they change centimeters on the forearm for an equivalent cortical distance.
Giving Children a Better Start: Preschool Attendance and School-Age Profiles

This brief summarizes the giving children a better start: preschool attendance and school-age profiles in Uruguay for the period 1995. The author study the effect of pre-primary education on children's subsequent school outcomes by exploiting a unique feature of the Uruguayan household survey (ECH) that collects retrospective information on preschool attendance in the context of a rapid expansion in the supply of pre-primary places. Using a within household estimator, we find small gains from preschool attendance at early ages that get magnified as children grow up. By age 15, treated children have accumulated 0.8 extra years of education and are 27 percentage points more likely to be in school compared to their untreated siblings. Instrumental variables estimates that attempt to control for non-random selection of siblings into preschool lead to similar results. Pre-primary education appears as a successful and cost-effective policy to prevent early grade failure and its long lasting consequences in low income countries.
Contemplation and the ‘Performative Absolute’: submission and identity in managerial modernity

Practices derived from the ‘vita contemplativa’ and other spiritual sources are drawn upon by management, but as the power of human resources management (HRM) is extended so the relationship between ‘contemplation’ and the surrender of self-identity required by HRM demands critical examination. The conscious construction of the individual has become a social and political goal. Subjects are required to strip away attributes of their identity that might impede protocols that cascade down from the executive. Total transparency becomes a condition of the re-creation of individual identity. Practices drawn from religious and spiritual traditions that enact the surrender of the self facilitate submission to the demands of the Performative Absolute, the immanent sublime, Demiurge or dieu caché articulated by HRM. The informed passivity of the employee precedes oblation, the sacrificial offering of the self that facilitates the donation by HRM of the attuned identity that ensures the organisational survival of the individual.
General practice clinicians' perspectives on involving and supporting children and adult perpetrators in families experiencing domestic violence and abuse.

BACKGROUND Government and professional guidance encourages general practice clinicians to identify and refer children who experience domestic violence and abuse (DVA) but there is scant understanding of how general practice clinicians currently work with DVA in families. OBJECTIVES The study explored general practice clinicians' practice with children and their parents experiencing DVA and reflected on the findings in the light of current research and policy guidelines. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 54 clinicians (42 GPs and 12 practice nurses/nurse practitioners) were conducted across six sites in England. Data were analysed using current literature and emerging themes. Data presented here concern clinicians' perspectives on engaging with family members when a parent discloses that she is experiencing DVA. RESULTS When a parent disclosed DVA, clinicians were more likely to consider talking to abusive fathers than talking to children about the abuse. Perspectives varied according to whether consultation opportunities arose, risks, consent and confidentiality. Perceptions of 'patienthood', relationships and competence shaped clinicians' engagement. Perpetrators were seen as competent informers and active service users, with potential for accepting advice and support. Clinicians were more hesitant in talking with children. Where this was considered, children tended to be seen as passive informants, only two GPs described direct and ongoing consultations with children and providing them with access to support. CONCLUSION Clinicians appear more inclined to engage directly with abusive fathers than children experiencing DVA. Clinician skills and confidence to talk directly with children experiencing DVA, in child sensitive ways, should be developed through appropriate training.
A low-cost system to acquire 3D surface data from anatomical samples

The technology of optical 3D imaging sensors or 3D scanners (laser and structured light sensors) has become widely available over the last few years. A wider diffusion of this technique in anatomical laboratories could lead to a revolution in the field of anatomy: cadaver dissections could be easily documented in 3D, and specimens stored in museums could be easily scanned and the 3D models shared. In the present article, a simple, versatile, economical and widespread 3D scanner, the Kinect sensor, is validated to show its potential use for 3D scanning of anatomical specimens.The comparison of 3D models of anatomical specimens (a collection of skulls) with the respective 2D photographs showed that 3D models were superior to the photographs, the latter being affected by some distortions due to perspective. Moreover, the 3D models allowed for measuring angles, distances, circumferences between every part of the model, or measuring volumes and surfaces, which, of course, were not available using the 2D images. Due to the low cost of this system, its simplicity of use and its widespread availability, it is desirable that in the future, anatomical specimens from museums will become more available as 3D objects. These could greatly simplify the quantitative analysis of rare specimens, such as fetal monstrosities or anatomical variations.
Connecting Older Adults to the Community Through Multimedia: An Intergenerational Reminiscence Program

Reminiscence programs are believed to be beneficial for older adults; however, benefits may not be exclusively related to reminiscing but to group process. A reminiscence program for older adults aimed at intergenerational connection through multimedia is reported. This evaluation utilized three sources of data: participant's stories, focus groups conducted with group members, and responses from social networking websites along with blog readers. Overall, results show that participants benefited from the program by having a vehicle to tell their story and an activity that fulfilled social needs. Additionally, community members benefited from and learned about participants in a way that utilized efficient modes of communication and media. Findings support the intergenerationality of this program in that it was able to connect older adults with younger generations both in person and virtually.
Somatic USP8 mutations are frequent events in corticotroph tumor progression causing Nelson's tumor.

OBJECTIVE Somatic mutations in the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) gene are frequent in corticotroph tumors causing Cushing's disease (CD). Corticotroph tumor progression, the so-called Nelson's syndrome (NS), is a potentially life-threatening complication of bilateral adrenalectomy in patients with refractory CD that is caused by the development of an ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland. Whether USP8 alterations are also present in progressive Nelson's tumors has not been studied in detail so far. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective, multicenter study involving tumors from 33 patients with progressive corticotroph tumors (29 females) and screening for somatic mutations on the mutational hotspot of the USP8 gene in the exon 14 with Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Fifteen out of 33 tumors (45%) presented with a mutation in the exon 14 of USP8, with c.2159C>A (p.Pro720Gln) being the most frequent (9/33), followed by c. 2155_2157delTCC (p.Ser718del, 4/33) and c.2152T>C (p.Ser718Pro, 2/33). This prevalence is similar to that previously reported for CD. Mutations were found exclusively in females. Other variables, such as age at diagnosis with NS, body mass index, hyperpigmentation, visual field defects, adenoma size or mortality, did not significantly differ between patients with wild-type and mutant tumors. Patients with USP8 mutant tumors exhibited higher levels of plasma ACTH after surgery (median: 640 vs 112 pg/mL, P = 0.03). No differences were observed in ACTH normalization (<50 pg/mL) and tumor control after surgery for Nelson's tumor. CONCLUSION Somatic mutations in USP8 are common in Nelson's tumors, indicating that they do not drive the corticotroph tumor progression that leads to NS, and may be associated with a less favorable biochemical outcome after surgery for Nelson's tumor.
Mediati(zi)ng EU politics: Online news coverage of the 2009 European Parliamentary elections

Abstract In this paper we propose that the concept of mediatization should be used not only in the narrow sense to analyze the impact of media on the operational modes of the political system, but also in more general terms to capture the transformation of the public sphere and the changing conditions for the generation of political legitimacy. More specifically and with regard to the role of political communication on the internet, we focus on the transformative potential of online media in terms of a) publicity: the capacity of the online media to focus public attention on the political process of the EU; b) participation: the capacity of the online media to include plural voices and activate the audience; and c) public opinion formation: the capacity of the online media to enable informed opinions. We test our mediatization model on the online debates that took place during the 2009 EU elections (May–June 2009) in 12 member-states and at the trans-European level. The findings confirm the mediatizing impact of online political communication on the generation of the political legitimacy of the EU. Online media constitute a virtually shared forum for political communication that political actors and users increasingly occupy developing homogenous patterns of evaluating European integration. Furthermore, the stronghold of offline media in the EU e-sphere and the tendency to discuss the EP elections within the frame of domestic (national) politics reaffirm the key role of national political and media cultures.
Spatial and environmental consistency in serial sexual assault

This study examines the crime patterns of 76 New Zealand serial sexual offenders in order to determine the extent to which offenders display locational consistency in their choice of crime locations. More specifically, the hypothesis was that there would be intraseries consistency in the distances travelled (spatial consistency) and the characteristics of the crime sites selected (environmental consistency) by serial sexual offenders. For spatial consistency to be tested, the distances travelled from home to offend and the criminal range for each offence series were analysed. Support was found for spatial consistency, and, in line with much overseas research, it was also found that the offenders typically did not travel very far from home to offend (median distance of 3 km). The environmental consistency measure was made up of various physical, temporal, and contextual variables that described the environmental characteristics of an offence. As hypothesised, it was found that offenders displayed intraseries environmental consistency in offence site selection beyond the level of that expected by chance. The implications of this both for understanding offender spatial decision making and for geographical profiling are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Declipping of Audio Signals Using Perceptual Compressed Sensing

The restoration of clipped audio signals, commonly known as declipping, is important to achieve an improved level of audio quality in many audio applications. In this paper, a novel declipping algorithm is presented, jointly based on the theory of compressed sensing (CS) and on well-established properties of human auditory perception. Declipping is formulated as a sparse signal recovery problem using the CS framework. By additionally exploiting knowledge of human auditory perception, a novel perceptual compressed sensing (PCS) framework is devised. A PCS-based declipping algorithm is proposed which uses $\ell _{1}$-norm type reconstruction. Comparative objective and subjective evaluation experiments reveal a significant audio quality increase for the proposed PCS-based declipping algorithm compared to CS-based declipping algorithms.
Homosexuality at the Online Hogwarts: Harry Potter Slash Fanfiction

Fans of J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series have written new stories featuring the characters; many of these stories, called "slash," are homoerotic. This article examines a number of online slash stories, and discusses the potential for fans, especially teens, to experiment with non-heteronormative discourses through the medium of Potter fanfiction.
Comparative response of Rangifer tarandus and other northern ungulates to climatic variability

To understand the factors influencing life history traits and population dynamics, attention is increasingly being given to the importance of environmental stochasticity. In this paper, we review and discuss aspects of current knowledge concerning the effect of climatic variation (local and global) on population parameters of northern ungu¬lates, with special emphasis on reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus). We also restrict ourselves to indirect effects of climate through both forage availability and quality, and insect activity. Various authors have used different weather variables; with sometime opposite trends in resulting life history traits of ungulates, and few studies show consistent effects to the same climatic variables. There is thus little consensus about which weather variables play the most sig¬nificant role influencing ungulate population parameters. This may be because the effects of weather on ungulate pop¬ulation dynamics and life history traits are scale dependent and it is difficult to isolate climatic effects from density dependent factors. This confirms the complexity of the relationship between environment and ecosystem. We point out limits of comparability between systems and the difficulty of generalizing about the effect of climate change broadly across northern systems, across species and even within species. Furthermore, insect harassment appears to be a key climate-related factor for the ecology of reindeer/caribou that has been overlooked in the literature of climatic effects on large herbivores. In light of this, there is a need for further studies of long time series in assessing effects of climate variability on reindeer/caribou.
A Behavioral Measure of Costly Helping: Replicating and Extending the Association with Callous Unemotional Traits in Male Adolescents

Background Some conduct-disordered youths have high levels of callous unemotional traits and meet the DSM-5’s “with limited prosocial emotions” (LPE) specifier. These youths often do aggressive, self-benefitting acts that cost others. We previously developed a task, the AlAn’s game, which asks participants to repeatedly decide whether to accept or reject offers in which they will receive money but a planned charity donation will be reduced. In our prior work, more "costly helping" (i.e., rejecting the offered money and protecting the donation) was associated with lower callous unemotional traits. Here we extend that prior work in a larger sample of adolescent male patients with serious conduct problems and controls, and test whether this association is mediated specifically by a Moral Elevation response (i.e., a positive emotional response to another’s act of virtue). Methods The adolescent male participants were: 45 patients (23 with LPE) and 26 controls, who underwent an extensive phenotypic assessment including a measure of Moral Elevation. About 1 week later participants played the AlAn’s game. Results All AlAn’s game outcomes demonstrated significant group effects: (1) money taken for self (p = 0.02); (2) money left in the charitable donation (p = 0.03); and, (3) costly helping (p = 0.047). Controls took the least money and did the most costly helping, while patients with LPE took the most money and did the least costly helping. Groups also significantly differed in post-stimulus Moral Elevation scores (p = 0.005). Exploratory analyses supported that the relationship between callous unemotional traits and costly helping on the AlAn’s game may be mediated in part by differences in Moral Elevation. Conclusions The AlAn's game provides a standardized behavioral measure associated with callous unemotional traits. Adolescents with high levels of callous unemotional traits engage in fewer costly helping behaviors, and those differences may be related to blunting of positive emotional responses.
School‐based sexual health interventions in sub‐Saharan Africa: A review

Abstract The vulnerability to HIV/AIDS of adolescents and youths raises the need for cost‐effective, school‐based AIDS prevention programmes that encourage safe sexual behaviour. This article reviews school‐based programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa through a critical examination of published evaluations. Our major finding is that there is a paucity of such studies that evaluate school‐based programmes. Furthermore, variations in the content, duration and intensity of the interventions, together with differences in the design of evaluations and of evaluation instruments, makes it difficult to conduct comparisons. The better designed studies do demonstrate that school‐based programmes have some effect. Most of the studies revealed expected effects on knowledge, attitudes and communication about sexuality and sexual health. Programmes also had demonstrable effects on behaviour in terms of the onset of sexual intercourse, the incidence of sexual intercourse and the number of sexual partners. Programmes less consistently affected awareness of personal susceptibility, and self‐efficacy in abstaining from risky sexual behaviours and engaging in protective behaviours (including condom use).