Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell type-specific requirement of the MAPK pathway for the growth factor action of gastrin.

Gastrin (G17) has a CCKB receptor-mediated growth-promoting effect on the AR42J rat acinar cell line that is linked to induction of both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c- fos gene expression. We investigated the mechanisms that regulate the growth factor action of G17 on the rat pituitary adenoma cell line GH3. Both AR42J and GH3 cells displayed equal levels of CCKB receptor expression and similar binding kinetics of125I-labeled G17. G17 stimulation of cell proliferation was identical in both cell lines. G17 stimulation of GH3 cell proliferation was completely blocked by the CCKBreceptor antagonist D2 but not by the MEK inhibitor PD-98059 or the protein kinase C inhibitor GF-109203X, which completely inhibited G17 induction of AR42J cell proliferation. G17 induced a c- fos SRE-luciferase reporter gene plasmid more than fourfold in the AR42J cells, whereas it had no effect in the GH3 cells. In contrast to what we observed in the AR42J cells, G17 failed to stimulate MAPK activation and Shc tyrosyl phosphorylation and association with the adapter protein Grb2. Epidermal growth factor induced the MAPK pathway in the GH3 cells, demonstrating the integrity of this signaling system. G17 induced Ca2+ mobilization in both the GH3 and AR42J cells. The calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide inhibited AR42J cell proliferation by 20%, whereas it completely blocked G17 induction of GH3 cell growth. The Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin stimulated GH3 cell proliferation to a level similar to that observed in response to G17, but it had no effect on AR42J cell proliferation. Thus there are cell type specific differences in the requirement of the MAPK pathway for the growth factor action of G17. Whereas in the AR42J cells G17 stimulates cell growth through activation of MAPK and c- fos gene expression, in the GH3 cells, G17 fails to activate MAPK, and it induces cell proliferation through Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways. Furthermore, induction of Ca2+mobilization in the AR42J cells appears not to be sufficient to sustain cell proliferation.
Stretch induces cytokine release by alveolar epithelial cells in vitro.

Mechanical ventilation can injure the lung, causing edema and alveolar inflammation. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) plays an important role in this inflammatory response. We postulated that cyclic cell stretch upregulates the production and release of IL-8 by human alveolar epithelium in the absence of structural cell damage or paracrine stimulation. To test this hypothesis, alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) were cultured on a deformable silicoelastic membrane. When stretched by 30% for up to 48 h, the cells released 49 ± 34% more IL-8 ( P < 0.001) than static controls. Smaller deformations (20% stretch) produced no consistent increase in IL-8. Stretch of 4 h duration increased IL-8 gene transcription fourfold above baseline. Stretch had no effect on cell proliferation, cell viability as assessed by51Cr release assay, or the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor-α. We conclude that deformation per se can trigger inflammatory signaling and that alveolar epithelial cells may be active participants in the alveolitis associated with ventilator-induced lung injury.
Cognitive performance is associated with glucose regulation in healthy elderly persons and can be enhanced with glucose and dietary carbohydrates.

BACKGROUND A glucose drink has been shown to improve memory in persons with poor glucose regulation and poor cognition. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine 1) whether an association between cognition and glucose regulation is apparent in healthy seniors and 2) the effects of dietary carbohydrates on cognition. DESIGN After an overnight fast, 10 men and 10 women (aged 60-82 y) consumed 50 g carbohydrate as glucose, potatoes, or barley or a placebo on 4 separate mornings. Cognitive tests were administered 15, 60, and 105 min after ingestion of the carbohydrate. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were measured. RESULTS In a multiple regression analysis, poor baseline (placebo) verbal declarative memory (immediate and 20-min delayed paragraph recall and word list recall) and visuomotor task performance were predicted by poor beta cell function, high incremental area under the glucose curve, low insulin resistance, and low body mass index. The difference in plasma glucose after food consumption [glucose > potatoes > barley > placebo (P: < 0.03)] did not predict performance. Although overall performance did not differ with consumption of the different test foods, baseline score and beta cell function correlated with improvements in immediate and delayed paragraph recall for all 3 carbohydrates (compared with placebo); the poorer the baseline memory or beta cell function, the greater the improvement (correlation between beta cell function and improvement in delayed paragraph recall: r > -0.50, P: < 0.03). Poor beta cell function correlated with improvement for all carbohydrates in visuomotor task performance but not on an attention task. CONCLUSIONS Glucose regulation was associated with cognitive performance in elderly subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Dietary carbohydrates (potatoes and barley) enhanced cognition in subjects with poor memories or beta cell function independently of plasma glucose.
Using unsupervised link discovery methods to find interesting facts and connections in a bibliography dataset

This paper describes a submission to the Open Task of the 2003 KDD Cup. For this task contestants were asked to devise their own questions about the HEP-Th bibliography dataset, and the most interesting result would be selected as the winner. Instead of taking a more traditional approach such as starting with a inspection of the data, formulating questions or hypotheses interesting to us and then devising an analysis and approach to answer these questions, we tried to go a different route: can we develop a program that automatically finds interesting facts and connections in the data? To do this we developed a set of unsupervised link discovery methods that compute interestingness based on a notion of "rarity" and "abnormality". The experiments performed on the HEP-Th dataset show that our approaches are able to automatically uncover interesting hidden connections (e.g. significant relationships between people) and unexpected facts (e.g. citation loops) without the support of any prerequisite knowledge or training examples. The interestingness of some of our results is self-evident. For others we were able to verify them by looking for supporting evidence on the World-Wide-Web, which shows that our methods can find connections between entities that actually are interestingly connected in the real world in an unsupervised way.
A unified probabilistic framework for Web page scoring systems

The definition of efficient page ranking algorithms is becoming an important issue in the design of the query interface of Web search engines. Information flooding is a common experience especially when broad topic queries are issued. Queries containing only one or two keywords usually match a huge number of documents, while users can only afford to visit the first positions of the returned list, which do not necessarily refer to the most appropriate answers. Some successful approaches to page ranking in a hyperlinked environment, like the Web, are based on link analysis. We propose a general probabilistic framework for Web page scoring systems (WPSS), which incorporates and extends many of the relevant models proposed in the literature. In particular, we introduce scoring systems for both generic (horizontal) and focused (vertical) search engines. Whereas horizontal scoring algorithms are only based on the topology of the Web graph, vertical ranking also takes the page contents into account and are the base for focused and user adapted search interfaces. Experimental results are reported to show the properties of some of the proposed scoring systems with special emphasis on vertical search.
Downward gradient in action potential duration along conduction path in and around the sinoatrial node.

Regional differences in electrical activity in rabbit sinoatrial node have been investigated by recording action potentials throughout the intact node or from small balls of tissue from different regions. In the intact node, action potential duration was greatest at or close to the leading pacemaker and declined markedly in all directions from it, e.g., by 74 ± 4% (mean ± SE, n = 4) to the crista terminalis. Similar data were obtained from the small balls. The gradient is down the conduction pathway and will help prevent reentry. In the intact node, a zone of inexcitable tissue with small depolarizations of <25 mV or stable resting potentials was discovered in the inferior part of the node, and this will again help prevent reentry. The intrinsic pacemaker activity of the small balls was slower in tissue from more inferior (as well as more central) parts of the node [e.g., cycle length increased from 339 ± 13 ms ( n = 6) to 483 ± 13 ms ( n = 6) in transitional tissue from more superior and inferior sites], and this may help explain pacemaker shift.
Biochemical and Molecular Roles of Nutrients Hepatic Histidase Gene Expression Responds to Protein Rehabilitation in Undernourished Growing Rats

We studied the effect of nutritional rehabilitation with a 6, 18 or 50% casein diet in undernourished rats on histidase (Hal) expression. Undernutrition was induced by feeding rats a 0.5% casein diet for 5 wk. Over this period, growth, serum total proteins and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were significantly lower than those of rats that freely consumed an 18% casein diet. During this period, undernutrition also significantly reduced Hal activity and Hal-mRNA concentration. Nutritional rehabilitation for 21 d with a 6% casein diet did not change any of these variables. Nutritional rehabilitation with an 18 or 50% casein diet for 1 d initiated the restoration of Hal activity and mRNA concentration. After 10 d of consuming 18 or 50% casein diets, Hal activity was 5and 14-fold, and mRNA concentration was 8.5and 23-fold higher, respectively, than in the protein-undernourished group (PU). During this period, body weight, total serum proteins and IGF-I levels were also significantly (Põ 0.05) higher than those of the PU group. At the end of 21 d of rehabilitation with an 18 or 50% casein diet, Hal activity was 14and 31-fold higher and Hal mRNA concentration was 10and 24-fold higher, respectively, than in the PU group. In conclusion, our data showed that rehabilitation of undernourished rats with a 6% casein diet was not sufficient to re-establish growth indicators, Hal activity or gene expression, and that nutritional rehabilitation with an 18 or 50% casein diet effectively re-established body weight , biochemical variables and the capacity of histidase gene expression to eliminate the excess of protein. J. Nutr. 128: 1631–1635, 1998.
Real-time Monitoring using a breathalyzer-based eHealth system can identify lapse/relapse patterns in alcohol use disorder Patients

Aim We introduce a new remote real-time breathalyzer-based method for monitoring and early identification of lapse/relapse patterns for alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients using a composite measure of sobriety, the Addiction Monitoring Index (AMI). Methods We constructed AMI from (a) obtained test results and (b) the pattern of ignored tests using data from the first 30 patients starting in the treatment arms of two on-going clinical trials. The patients performed 2-4 scheduled breath alcohol content (BrAC)-tests per day presented as blood alcohol content (BAC) data. In total, 10,973 tests were scheduled, 7743 were performed and 3230 were ignored during 3982 patient days. Results AMI-time profiles could be used to monitor the daily trends of alcohol consumption and detect early signs of lapse and relapses. The pattern of ignored tests correlates with the onset of drinking. AMI correlated with phosphatidyl ethanol (n = 61, F-ratio = 34.6, P < 0.0001, R = -0.61). The recognition of secret drinking could further be improved using a low alcohol detection threshold (BrAC = 0.025 mg/l, BACSwe = 0.05‰ or US = 0.0053g/dl), in addition to the legal Swedish traffic limit (BrAC = 0.1 mg/l, BACSwe = 0.2‰ or US = 0.021 g/dl). Nine out of 10 patients who dropped out from the study showed early risk signs as reflected in the level and pattern in AMI before the actual dropout. Conclusions AMI-time profiles from an eHealth system are useful for monitoring the recovery process and for early identification of lapse/relapse patterns. High-resolution monitoring of sobriety enables new measurement-based treatment methods for proactive personalized long-term relapse prevention and treatment of AUD patients. Clinical Trial Registration The data used for construction of AMI was from two clinical trials approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Uppsala, Sweden and performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating subjects. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03195894).
Effects of Different Dietary and Lifestyle Modification Therapies on Metabolic Syndrome in Prediabetic Arab Patients: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study

This three-arm, randomized, controlled study aimed to determine the differences in the effects of general advice (GA) on lifestyle change, intensive lifestyle modification programme (ILMP) and GA + metformin (GA + Met) in reducing the prevalence of full metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects with prediabetes; 294 Saudis with prediabetes (fasting glucose 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) were initially randomized, 263 completed 6 months and 237 completed 12 months. They were allocated into three groups: GA group which received a standard lifestyle change education; ILMP which followed a rigorous lifestyle modification support on diet and physical activity; and a GA + Met group. Anthropometric and biochemical estimations were measured. Full MetS (primary endpoint) and its components (secondary endpoint) were screened at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Full MetS in the ILMP group decreased by 26% (p < 0.001); in GA + Met group by 22.4% (p = 0.01) and in GA group by 8.2% (p = 0.28). The number of MetS components decreased significantly in the ILMP and GA + Met groups (mean change 0.81, p < 0.001 and 0.35, p = 0.05, respectively). Between-group comparison revealed a clinically significant decrease in MetS components in favor of the ILMP group (−0.58 (−0.88–0.28), p < 0.001). This study highlights the clinical potency of ILMP versus other diabetes prevention options in reducing MetS in Saudi adults with elevated fasting glucose.
Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women.

BACKGROUND Dietary carbohydrates may influence the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, for example, through effects on blood glucose and insulin concentrations. OBJECTIVE We examined the relations of baseline intake of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, dietary magnesium, and carbohydrate-rich foods and the glycemic index with incidence of diabetes. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study of 35988 older Iowa women initially free of diabetes. During 6 y of follow-up, 1141 incident cases of diabetes were reported. RESULTS Total grain, whole-grain, total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium intakes showed strong inverse associations with incidence of diabetes after adjustment for potential nondietary confounding variables. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks of diabetes were 1.0, 0.99, 0.98, 0.92, and 0.79 (P for trend: 0.0089) across quintiles of whole-grain intake; 1.0, 1.09, 1.00, 0.94, and 0.78 (P for trend: 0.005) across quintiles of total dietary fiber intake; and 1.0, 0.81, 0.82, 0.81, and 0.67 (P for trend: 0.0003) across quintiles of dietary magnesium intake. Intakes of total carbohydrates, refined grains, fruit and vegetables, and soluble fiber and the glycemic index were unrelated to diabetes risk. CONCLUSION These data support a protective role for grains (particularly whole grains), cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium in the development of diabetes in older women.
Influence of composite substrates engineering constants in a dynamically loaded double lap bonded joint with unchanged longitudinal Young's modulus

ABSTRACT This work examines the influence of engineering constants except the in-plane longitudinal Young's modulus of composite substrates on the behavior of a double lap bonded joint subjected to dynamic shear load using numerical simulations. The longitudinal Young's modulus was kept constant by varying the fibers' volume fractions and distributions. Three fibers' distributions were investigated: unidirectional laminates, in-plane bidirectional laminates, and fibers woven along the three orthogonal axes. It was found that the stress homogeneity was not affected remarkably by the fibers' distribution while the maximum average shear stress increases with the increase of substrates in-plane shear stiffness.
TISSUES 2.0: an integrative web resource on mammalian tissue expression

Physiological and molecular similarities between organisms make it possible to translate findings from simpler experimental systems—model organisms—into more complex ones, such as human. This translation facilitates the understanding of biological processes under normal or disease conditions. Researchers aiming to identify the similarities and differences between organisms at the molecular level need resources collecting multi-organism tissue expression data. We have developed a database of gene–tissue associations in human, mouse, rat and pig by integrating multiple sources of evidence: transcriptomics covering all four species and proteomics (human only), manually curated and mined from the scientific literature. Through a scoring scheme, these associations are made comparable across all sources of evidence and across organisms. Furthermore, the scoring produces a confidence score assigned to each of the associations. The TISSUES database (version 2.0) is publicly accessible through a user-friendly web interface and as part of the STRING app for Cytoscape. In addition, we analyzed the agreement between datasets, across and within organisms, and identified that the agreement is mainly affected by the quality of the datasets rather than by the technologies used or organisms compared. Database URL: http://tissues.jensenlab. org/ VC The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. Page 1 of 12 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (page number not for citation purposes) Database, 2018, 1–12 doi: 10.1093/database/bay003
Application of SAP and PEG as curing agents for ordinary cement-based systems: impact on the early age properties of paste and mortar with water-to-cement ratio of 0.4 and above

The feasibility of utilising “Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP)” and “Polyethylene glycol (PEG)” as curing agents for ordinary cement-based systems with water-to-cement ratio of . 4 and above has been investigated. The investigation considers water-to-cement ratios of . 4, . 5 and . 6 and curing ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. A commercially available SAP of 300 μm average particle size and a laboratory grade PEG with an average molecular mass of 6000 have been used as curing agents. The impact of SAP and PEG dosages on consistency, setting time and degree of hydration of paste samples has been evaluated. The evolution of strength, water absorption and water retention characteristics has been studied using mortar samples and compared with respect to water- and air-cured control. SAP doses in the range of . 3–1.0% of cement mass have been found to be effective over the full range of water-to-cement ratio tested. PEG admixed at the rate of . 5–2.0% has been found to be beneficial at . 50% dose for water-to-cement ratio of . 4, thus indicating its suitability for low water-to-cement ratio systems. Observations of this preliminary study indicate the viability of implementing SAP and PEG as self-curing agents albeit with certain limitations requiring further investigation.
The Effect of Poly (Glycerol Sebacate) Incorporation within Hybrid Chitin–Lignin Sol–Gel Nanofibrous Scaffolds

Chitin and lignin primarily accumulate as bio-waste resulting from byproducts of crustacean crusts and plant biomass. Recently, their use has been proposed for diverse and unique bioengineering applications, amongst others. However, their weak mechanical properties need to be improved in order to facilitate their industrial utilization. In this paper, we fabricated hybrid fibers composed of a chitin–lignin (CL)-based sol–gel mixture and elastomeric poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) using a standard electrospinning approach. Obtained results showed that PGS could be coherently blended with the sol–gel mixture to form a nanofibrous scaffold exhibiting remarkable mechanical performance and improved antibacterial and antifungal activity. The developed hybrid fibers showed promising potential in advanced biomedical applications such as wound care products. Ultimately, recycling these sustainable biopolymers and other bio-wastes alike could propel a “greener” economy.
Odor suppression of voltage-gated currents contributes to the odor-induced response in olfactory neurons.

Olfactory chemotransduction involves a signaling cascade. In addition to triggering transduction, odors suppress ion conductances. By stimulating with brief odorant pulses, we observed a current associated with odor-induced suppression of voltage-gated conductances and studied its time dependence. We characterized this suppression current in isolated Caudiverbera caudiverberaolfactory neurons. All four voltage-gated currents are suppressed by odor pulses in almost every neuron, and suppression is caused by odors inducing excitation and by those inducing inhibition, indicating a nonselective phenomenon, in contrast to transduction. Suppression has a 10-fold shorter latency than transduction. Suppression was more pronounced when odors were applied to the soma than to the cilia, opposite to transduction. Suppression was also present in rat olfactory neurons. Furthermore, we could induce it in Drosophila photoreceptor cells, demonstrating its independence from the chemotransduction cascade. We show that odor concentrations causing suppression are similar to those triggering chemotransduction and that both suppression and transduction contribute to the odor response in isolated olfactory neurons. Furthermore, suppression affects spiking, implying a possible physiological role in olfaction.