Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of ionization and atomic electron localization by short intense laser pulses.

Ionization suppression and electron localization have been observed in numerical modeling of two-photon ionization by very intense short-wavelength laser fields. In this paper we present similar results for one-photon ionization. We find that a one-dimensional atom follows one of three distinct routes to ionization depending whether the field is weak, strong, or superstrong. The first route can be described by perturbation theory. The second route is characterized by very rapid depletion of the bound-state population, leading to 100% ionization. The third route features incomplete ionization and electron localization. The behavior of the atom in both strong and superstrong fields is strongly correlated with the deformation of the atomic binding potential associated with the Kramers-Henneberger frame transformation.
Exploring the role of gaze behavior and object detection in scene understanding

We posit that a person's gaze behavior while freely viewing a scene contains an abundance of information, not only about their intent and what they consider to be important in the scene, but also about the scene's content. Experiments are reported, using two popular image datasets from computer vision, that explore the relationship between the fixations that people make during scene viewing, how they describe the scene, and automatic detection predictions of object categories in the scene. From these exploratory analyses, we then combine human behavior with the outputs of current visual recognition methods to build prototype human-in-the-loop applications for gaze-enabled object detection and scene annotation.
Differences in Characteristics and Treatment Received among Depressed Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatients with and without Co-Occuring Alcohol Misuse: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

Objectives. We aimed at examining the differences between depressed psychiatric adolescent outpatients with and without cooccurring alcohol misuse in psychosocial background, clinical characteristics, and treatment received during one-year followup. Furthermore, we investigated factors related to nonattendance at treatment. Materials and Methods. Consecutive 156 adolescent (13–19 years) psychiatric outpatients with a unipolar depressive disorder at baseline were interviewed using structured measures at baseline and at 12 months. Alcohol misuse was defined as having an AUDIT score of 8 or more points. The outpatients received “treatment as usual” of clinically defined duration. Results. Among depressive outpatients, poor parental support, parental alcohol use and decreased attendance at treatment associated with alcohol misuse. The severity of alcohol use as measured by AUDIT-score was the strongest factor independently predicting nonattendance at treatment in multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Alcohol misuse indicates family problems, has a deleterious effect on treatment attendance, and should be taken into account when managing treatment for depressive adolescent outpatients.
Brain magnetic resonance diffusion abnormalities in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain has been of limited usefulness in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Abnormalities on T2-weighted images have been described, but these are neither highly sensitive nor specific. OBJECTIVE To determine whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images might be useful in the evaluation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. CASE PRESENTATION A 61-year-old woman with rapidly progressive dementia was referred for cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion-weighted images were obtained as part of the examination. Brain biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease histologically. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance brain images demonstrated bilaterally symmetrical marked increase in signal intensity in the caudate nuclei, putamina, thalami, cingulate gyri, and right inferior frontal cortex. The apparent diffusion coefficient map showed abnormally low diffusion in these regions (as low as 40% of normal in the caudate head). This suggests that there is restricted diffusion in these regions. The T2-weighted images demonstrated slightly increased signal bilaterally in the caudate nuclei and putamina. These findings indicate that diffusion magnetic resonance imaging might be a sensitive means of imaging the abnormalities seen in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Conservative Contextual Linear Bandits

Safety is a desirable property that can immensely increase the applicability of learning algorithms in real-world decision-making problems. It is much easier for a company to deploy an algorithm that is safe, i.e., guaranteed to perform at least as well as a baseline. In this paper, we study the issue of safety in contextual linear bandits that have application in many different fields including personalized ad recommendation in online marketing. We formulate a notion of safety for this class of algorithms. We develop a safe contextual linear bandit algorithm, called conservative linear UCB (CLUCB), that simultaneously minimizes its regret and satisfies the safety constraint, i.e., maintains its performance above a fixed percentage of the performance of a baseline strategy, uniformly over time. We prove an upper-bound on the regret of CLUCB and show that it can be decomposed into two terms: 1) an upper-bound for the regret of the standard linear UCB algorithm that grows with the time horizon and 2) a constant term that accounts for the loss of being conservative in order to satisfy the safety constraint. We empirically show that our algorithm is safe and validate our theoretical analysis.
Utilization of Compost and Zeolite as Ameliorant on Quartz Sand Planting Media for Caisim (Brassica Juncea) Plant Growth

This study aims to determine the effect of zeolite, compost and its combination on some of the chemical properties of soil sand and the growth of caisim plants. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications, where the treatment consisted of various level of zeolite (Z0 = without treatment (control), Z1=1.25 gr polybag−1, Z2=2.50 gr polybag−1, Z3=3.75 gr polybag−1), various level of compost (K0=0 gr polybag−1, K1=10 gr polybag−1, K2=20 gr polybag−1, K3=30 gr polybag−1), and a combination of zeolite and compost level (ZK0=0 gr polybag−1, ZK1=1.25 gr zeolite+10 gr compost polybag−1, ZK2=2.50 gr zeolite+20 gr compost polybag−1, ZK3=3.75 gr zeolite+30 gr compost polybag−1). Observation parameters consist of plant height and number of leaves, as well as chemical analysis parameters of planting media consisting of pH, CEC, organic-C, and P-available. The results showed that the use of ameliorant material in the form of zeolite, compost and a combination of compost and zeolite could improve the chemical properties of the planting medium in the form of quartz sand, and affect the growth of caisim.
Updates on Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Isolation and high-throughput sequencing of two closely linked epistatic hypertension susceptibility loci with a panel of bicongenic strains

Resmi Pillai, Harshal Waghulde, Ying Nie, Kathirvel Gopalakrishnan, Sivarajan Kumarasamy, Phyllis Farms, Michael R. Garrett, Santosh S. Atanur, Klio Maratou, Timothy J. Aitman, and Bina Joe Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio; University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and Physiological Genomic and Medicine Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, and BHF Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Automatic sleep apnoea detection using measures of amplitude and heart rate variability from the electrocardiogram

A method for the automatic processing of the electrocardiogram (ECG) for the detection of disordered breathing associated with obstructive sleep apnoea is presented. The method provides a minute-by-minute analysis of night-time single lead ECG recordings. An independently validated database of 35 ECG recordings acquired from normal subjects and subjects with obstructive and mixed sleep apnoea, each of approximately eight hours in duration, was used throughout the study. A wide variety of features based on heart beat intervals and an electrocardiogram derived respiratory signal were considered. Classifiers based on linear and quadratic discriminants were used. Results show that a 90% success rate in correctly identifying one-minute segments containing disordered breathing is achievable.
Perceptions and Experiences of Heart Failure Patients and Clinicians on the Use of Mobile Phone-Based Telemonitoring

Background Previous trials of heart failure telemonitoring systems have produced inconsistent findings, largely due to diverse interventions and study designs. Objectives The objectives of this study are (1) to provide in-depth insight into the effects of telemonitoring on self-care and clinical management, and (2) to determine the features that enable successful heart failure telemonitoring. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 heart failure patients attending a heart function clinic who had used a mobile phone-based telemonitoring system for 6 months. The telemonitoring system required the patients to take daily weight and blood pressure readings, weekly single-lead ECGs, and to answer daily symptom questions on a mobile phone. Instructions were sent to the patient’s mobile phone based on their physiological values. Alerts were also sent to a cardiologist’s mobile phone, as required. All clinicians involved in the study were also interviewed post-trial (N = 5). The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach. Results The telemonitoring system improved patient self-care by instructing the patients in real-time how to appropriately modify their lifestyle behaviors. Patients felt more aware of their heart failure condition, less anxiety, and more empowered. Many were willing to partially fund the use of the system. The clinicians were able to manage their patients’ heart failure conditions more effectively, because they had physiological data reported to them frequently to help in their decision-making (eg, for medication titration) and were alerted at the earliest sign of decompensation. Essential characteristics of the telemonitoring system that contributed to improved heart failure management included immediate self-care and clinical feedback (ie, teachable moments), how the system was easy and quick to use, and how the patients and clinicians perceived tangible benefits from telemonitoring. Some clinical concerns included ongoing costs of the telemonitoring system and increased clinical workload. A few patients did not want to be watched long-term while some were concerned they might become dependent on the system. Conclusions The success of a telemonitoring system is highly dependent on its features and design. The essential system characteristics identified in this study should be considered when developing telemonitoring solutions. Key Words
Are we prescribing multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids? A survey of practice in the UK

Sic Brocklehurst et al. (Vol 106, September 1999)’ ought to be congratulated for their short communication on this contentious issue and their proposed randomised trial looking at the effects of antenatal steroids on neonatal mortality and children’s neurodevelopment. Prematurity is the major cause of neonatal death and antenatal corticosteroid administration is one of the main, sometimes the only positive intervention that the obstetrician is able to offer to improve the outcome of a premature infant. In 1972 Liggins and Howie’ described the beneficial effects of corticosteroid administration to accelerate lung maturity in premature infants. Since then corticosteroids have been used to reduce morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates with great success. The pharmacological effects of corticosteroid treatment seem to disappear in seven days and this has prompted clinicians to use multiple doses in a bid to further its beneficial role in pulmonary maturity in the absence of clear cut proof of its efficacy. The potential risks of multiple doses of steroids are possible suppression of fetal hypothalamic adrenal axis, growth retardation or neurodevelopmental delay. Newborn infants whose mothers had received multiple corticosteroids for lung maturity, exhibited an appropriate response to external stresses such as infection, allaying the fear about fetal hypothalamic adrenal axis suppression”. Animal studies have shown retardation in brain development with the use of antenatal steroids, however the animals used were small, the dosage used was higher and for prolonged duration with a shorter period of gestation4. A recent post hoc nonrandomised analysis of 710 neonates enrolled in the North American Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone Trial4, showed that more than two courses of antenatal steroids was associated with a small decrease in fetal growth, did not improve survival and there was no change in the head circumference. Corticosteroids are powerful regulators of differentiation and maturation in the central nervous system. They regulate maturation of oligodendrocytes and hence myelination and can alter brain development. Most studies agree that the effects of steroids correspond to their dose. Till the results of the proposed randomised trials are available obstetricians need to temper their enthusiasm for repeated administration of antenatal corticosteroids.
Early preservation of effector functions followed by eventual T cell memory depletion: a model for the delayed onset of the effect of thiopurines

Objective: The onset of the effect of thiopurines is delayed for several months. The aim of this study was to investigate immune mechanisms for this delay. Methods: The effects of thiopurines on human peripheral blood T cells and on lamina propria lymphocytes were investigated for apoptosis induction by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) and for cytokine secretion by intracellular staining and ELISA assays. To investigate the mechanism of the effect of thiopurines in vivo, Balb/C mice were co-immunised with HEL/OVA (hen egg lysozyme/ovalbumin) antigens, and then repeatedly challenged by HEL only, while being treated by mercaptopurine or vehicle alone for either 4 or 20 weeks. The memory response of CD4+ splenocytes towards HEL/OVA was then determined by CFSE (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) dilution. Results: Thiopurines arrested the proliferation of stimulated T cells but did not enhance the apoptosis of either resting T cells or activated T cells until day 5 poststimulation. Despite the proliferation arrest, stimulated T cells successfully differentiated into effector cells, as evidenced by their capacity for proinflammatory cytokine secretion, potent adhesion and cytotoxicity. Prolonged mercaptopurine treatment of mice for 20 weeks selectively reduced the CD4+ memory response to a repeatedly encountered HEL antigen, but did not affect the T cell memory pool to the previously presented OVA antigen. A shorter, 4 weeks, treatment with mercaptopurine did not inhibit the memory response to either antigen. Conclusions: T cells arrested from cycling by thiopurines can still differentiate into potent effector cells capable of propagating the inflammatory process. Thiopurine treatment results in depletion of antigen-specific memory T cells, but this effect is dependent upon repeated encounters with the antigen over a prolonged time course.
Study of the Contourite Drift north of the Kane Gap (eastern equatorial Atlantic)

The sediment drift north of the Kane Gap has been investigated by means of the seismoacoustic profiling. The surface area of the drift is about 500 km and maximal thickness is 70 m. The contourite drift was formed under the control of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) flow in the Kane Gap. It is suggested naming this contourite fan as the “Kane Drift”. Variations in the activity of the AABW current were registered in the sediment core ANS-33056, retrieved near the summit of the drift. For this purpose, the mean size of sortable silt (SS, mineral fraction 10–63 μm) was used. It was shown that during the Mid-Pleistocene to Holocene, the speed of the AABW flow north of the Kane Gap was not strictly determined by the alternation of the climatic cycles. A strong relationship between the AABW flow and the short-time climatic fluctuations was found only during the marine isotope stages (MIS) 4 and 5: intensification of the near-bottom current coincides with the cold intervals. Moreover, during the Terminations II and I (MIS 2/1 and MIS 6/5, respectively), the intensity of the current also increased. Maximal near-bottom current activity was registered at the end of the MIS 2.
On Attacking Statistical Spam Filters

The e(cid:11)orts of anti-spammers and spammers has often been described as an arms race. As we devise new ways to stem the (cid:13)ood of bulk mail, spammers respond by working their way around the new mechanisms. Their attempts to bypass spam (cid:12)lters illustrates this struggle. Spammers have tried many things from using HTML layout tricks, letter substitution, to adding random data. While at times their attacks are clever, they have yet to work strongly against the statistical nature that drives many (cid:12)ltering systems. The challenges in successfully developing such an attack are great as the variety of (cid:12)ltering systems makes it less likely that a single attack can work against all of them. Here, we examine the general attack methods spammers use, along with challenges faced by developers and spammers. We also demonstrate an attack that, while easy to implement, attempts to more strongly work against the statistical nature behind (cid:12)lters.
Improvement of Eclat Algorithm Based on Support in Frequent Itemset Mining

Finding frequent itemsets is computationally the most expensive step in association rules mining, and most of the research attention has been focused on it. With the observation that support plays an important role in frequent item mining, in this paper, a conjecture on support count is proved and improvements of traditional Eclat algorithm are presented. The new Bi-Eclat algorithm sorted on support: Items sort in descending order according to the frequencies in transaction cache while itemsets use ascending order of support during support count. Compared with traditional Eclat algorithm, the results of experiments show that the Bi-Eclat algorithm gains better performance on several public databases given. Furthermore, the Bi-Eclat algorithm is applied in analyzing combination principles of prescriptions for Hepatitis B in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which shows its efficiency and effectiveness in practical usefulness.
High-Order Entropy-Based Closures for Linear Transport in Slab Geometry II: A Computational Study of the Optimization Problem

We present a numerical algorithm to implement entropy-based ($M_N$) moment models in the context of a simple, linear kinetic equation for particles moving through a material slab. The closure for these models---as is the case for all entropy-based models---is derived through the solution of a constrained, convex optimization problem. The algorithm has two components. The first component is a discretization of the moment equations which preserves the set of realizable moments, thereby ensuring that the optimization problem has a solution (in exact arithmetic). The discretization is a second-order kinetic scheme which uses MUSCL-type limiting in space and a strong-stability-preserving, Runge--Kutta time integrator. The second component of the algorithm is a Newton-based solver for the dual optimization problem, which uses an adaptive quadrature to evaluate integrals in the dual objective and its derivatives. The accuracy of the numerical solution to the dual problem plays a key role in the time step restric.
Probabilistic latent semantic visualization: topic model for visualizing documents

We propose a visualization method based on a topic model for discrete data such as documents. Unlike conventional visualization methods based on pairwise distances such as multi-dimensional scaling, we consider a mapping from the visualization space into the space of documents as a generative process of documents. In the model, both documents and topics are assumed to have latent coordinates in a two- or three-dimensional Euclidean space, or visualization space. The topic proportions of a document are determined by the distances between the document and the topics in the visualization space, and each word is drawn from one of the topics according to its topic proportions. A visualization, i.e. latent coordinates of documents, can be obtained by fitting the model to a given set of documents using the EM algorithm, resulting in documents with similar topics being embedded close together. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model by visualizing document and movie data sets, and quantitatively compare it with conventional visualization methods.
New Record of Black Turtle Chelonia mydas agassizii in High Latitudes of Eastern South Pacific Ocean

A juvenile specimen of the black turtle, Chelonia mydas agassizii, was located in the shores of Cabo Tamar Island in the western entrance of the Strait of Magellan, Chile. A king crab angler found the specimen, and donated it to the Río Seco Natural History Museum’s vertebrate collection for further studies and exhibition. Morphological measurements and a genetic analysis derived from an mtDNA fragment amplified and sequenced, suggest that this specimen corresponds to the species Chelonia mydas agassiizii and that it is closely related to the Galapagos Islands black turtle population. Possible influences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on this tropical species in the Eastern South Pacific Ocean are briefly discussed.
Semigroups of valuations on local rings

Given a noetherian local domain $R$ and a valuation $\nu$ of its field of fractions which is non negative on $R$, we derive some very general bounds on the growth of the number of distinct valuation ideals of $R$ corresponding to values lying in certain parts of the value group $\Gamma$ of $\nu$. We show that this growth condition imposes restrictions on the semigroups $\nu(R\setminus \{0\})$ for noetherian $R$ which are stronger that those resulting from the previous paper \cite{C2} of the first author. Given an ordered embedding $\Gamma\subset ({\mathbf R}^h)_{\hbox{\rm lex}}$, where $h$ is the rank of $\nu$, we also study the shape in ${\mathbf R}^h$ of the parts of $\Gamma$ which appear naturally in this study. We give examples which show that this shape can be quite wild in a way which does not depend on the embedding and suggest that it is a good indicator of the complexity of the semigroup $\nu(R\setminus \{0\})$.