Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical synthesis of high-order single-ended-input OTA-grounded C all-pass and band-reject filter structures

The synthesis method based on the analytical solution of a single nth-order filter transfer function and the generation of n+1 simple and realizable transfer functions implemented using lossless integrators and one additional constraint is applied to facilitate the development of new voltage-mode high-order operational transconductance amplifiers and capacitors (OTA-C) all-pass and band-reject filters. The presented nth-order all-pass and band-reject filters contain n+2, i.e., at least n fewer OTAs and enjoy lower component spread than the recently published filter structures in addition to achieving three criteria: all single-ended-input OTAs, all grounded capacitors, and the least number of component counts, simultaneously. Furthermore, two different types of the synthesized filter structures, equal capacitance and equal transconductance, are suggested for easier IC manufacture and simpler biasing architecture, respectively. H-Spice simulations, using 0.25-mum process and plusmn1.25-V supply voltages, validate theoretical predictions
Selective looking by 12-month-olds to a temporally contingent partner

Twelve-month-old infants interacted with two strangers in a free-play context. In the Experimental condition (n = 17), one stranger (Contingent partner) vocally responded immediately to infants’ looks towards her, whereas the other (Non-contingent partner) was yoked to the Contingent partner with a 1-, 2-, or 3-s delay. In the Control condition (n = 17), the Non-Contingent partner emitted the first vocalization and other non-contingent vocalizations during the free play session. The Contingent partner acted the same as in the Experimental condition. When a novel event occurred after the free-play session, infants looked significantly more to the Contingent partner regardless of condition. The study highlights infants’ selective looking to temporally contingent partners in novel situations.
Platelets and lipoproteins: how much do we know about their interactions?

Since platelets are directly involved in development of atherosclerosis, the interaction of platelets with other substituents including lipoproteins is quite important . In fact, lipoproteins affect platelet functions. As it is known, LDL, VLDL and especially ox-LDL, which all contain apoprotein B-100, are atherogenic lipoproteins and increase platelet activation and altogether accompany to atherothrombosis. Whereas, HDL has antiatherogenic effect on platelet functions and also serves as a cholesterol scavenger in a process called reverse cholesterol transport. Lipoproteins affect platelets via specific binding receptors on the platelets. However, there have been different opinions concerning these binding regions. This review describes the influence of lipoproteins upon activation and metabolic behavior of platelets.
The Classroom Assessment Scoring System: Findings from the Prekindergarten Year

Research on teacher-child relationships, classroom environments, and teaching practices provided the rationale for constructing a system for observing and assessing emotional and instructional elements of quality in early childhood educational environments: the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). The CLASS provides a framework for observing key dimensions of classroom processes, such as emotional and instructional support, that contribute to quality of the classroom setting from preschool through third grade. This article provides information about the development, field testing, and use of this instrument in prekindergarten. Data from a national sample of 224 prekindergarten classrooms in 6 states are presented to provide reliability and validity information. The full range of the scale was used for the majority of ratings. Ratings reflected generally positive impressions of the classroom environment and teacher-child interactions. Factor scores from the CLASS were related to the Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale (ECERS) total score and most strongly related to the ECERS interactions and language-reasoning subscales. Implications for policy and professional development from prekindergarten to third grade are discussed.
Relationship of Tolerance of Ambiguity and Playfulness to Creativity

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of tolerance of ambiguity and playfulness to creativity. The constructs were measured by the AT-20, the Adult Behavior Inventory of Playfulness, and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Creativity Index. Tolerance of ambiguity and playfulness were significantly correlated . 31 and . 48 with creativity. The correlation of playfulness and creativity remained significant when tolerance for ambiguity was controlled. The discussion includes the role of tolerance for ambiguity in understanding playfulness and creativity, creativity as a multidimensional construct, and the use of the Myers-Briggs Creativity Index as a measure of creative style.
Foreign Stock Holdings: The Role of Information

Foreign stock ownership is known to be very limited across households. This paper studies the role of information acquisition on agents' decision to invest in foreign stocks. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances, I show that foreign stock holders, when compared to those who only hold domestic stocks, are substantially wealthier, more educated, have a different age profile, and more importantly, are more sophisticated in their sources of information. Households that participate in foreign stock markets are better informed with respect to their financial choices; they shop more for investment, update their investment portfolio more frequently, and use internet more often as a source of information. To account for the two main features of the data -- higher attentiveness and low participation in foreign stock markets -- the paper considers a model where information is costly, and agents decide on whether to enter the domestic and foreign stock markets. In the model, to update their information set, agents pay a fixed cost which implies agents updating infrequently. In addition, to account for the costs of acquiring information, a version of the model also features an entry-cost to be paid when agents first invest in stocks. The model predicts that agents that invest in foreign stocks update their information set more frequently. A calibrated version of the model to match returns and volatility for the U.S. and foreign stock investments shows that, once agents already invest in domestic stock markets, the minimum entry cost needed to drive agents out of foreign stock markets can be small enough to rationally justify the substantial non-participation.
Neutralizing Potential and Self-Reported Digital Piracy

This study explores retrospective (self-reported) and prospective (willingness to engage) participation in digital piracy via a multitheoretical approach relying on self-control, social learning, microanomie, and techniques of neutralization. Using more complete measures of digital piracy than in previous studies (illegal music, software, and movie downloading), data were collected from undergraduate students from multiple universities (n = 585). Modest support was found for neutralization theory when controlling for other theoretical variables. Modest support was also established for social learning theory. It is clear that there is an underexplored cross-theoretical dynamic in explaining self-reported piracy and willingness to engage in digital piracy. Suggestions for policy and future research are presented and limitations are accounted for.
Socioeconomic Disparities Affect Prefrontal Function in Children

Social inequalities have profound effects on the physical and mental health of children. Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds perform below children from higher SES backgrounds on tests of intelligence and academic achievement, and recent findings indicate that low SES (LSES) children are impaired on behavioral measures of prefrontal function. However, the influence of socioeconomic disparity on direct measures of neural activity is unknown. Here, we provide electrophysiological evidence indicating that prefrontal function is altered in LSES children. We found that prefrontal-dependent electrophysiological measures of attention were reduced in LSES compared to high SES (HSES) children in a pattern similar to that observed in patients with lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) damage. These findings provide neurophysiological evidence that social inequalities are associated with alterations in PFC function in LSES children. There are a number of factors associated with LSES rearing conditions that may have contributed to these results such as greater levels of stress and lack of access to cognitively stimulating materials and experiences. Targeting specific prefrontal processes affected by socioeconomic disparity could be helpful in developing intervention programs for LSES children.
Behavioural effects of high fat diet in a mutant mouse model for the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin 1

Schizophrenia patients are often obese or overweight and poor dietary choices appear to be a factor in this phenomenon. Poor diet has been found to have complex consequences for the mental state of patients. Thus, this study investigated whether an unhealthy diet [i.e. high fat diet (HFD)] impacts on the behaviour of a genetic mouse model for the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin 1 (i.e. transmembrane domain Nrg1 mutant mice: Nrg1 HET). Female Nrg1 HET and wild‐type‐like littermates (WT) were fed with either HFD or a control chow diet. The mice were tested for baseline (e.g. anxiety) and schizophrenia‐relevant behaviours after 7 weeks of diet exposure. HFD increased body weight and impaired glucose tolerance in all mice. Only Nrg1 females on HFD displayed a hyper‐locomotive phenotype as locomotion‐suppressive effects of HFD were only evident in WT mice. HFD also induced an anxiety‐like response and increased freezing in the context and the cued version of the fear conditioning task. Importantly, CHOW‐fed Nrg1 females displayed impaired social recognition memory, which was absent in HFD‐fed mutants. Sensorimotor gating deficits of Nrg1 females were not affected by diet. In summary, HFD had complex effects on the behavioural phenotype of test mice and attenuated particular cognitive deficits of Nrg1 mutant females. This topic requires further investigations thereby also considering other dietary factors of relevance for schizophrenia as well as interactive effects of diet with medication and sex.
Age and Educational Differences on the Trail Making Test and Wechsler Memory Scales

The purposes of this study were (a) to replicate the previously reported influence of age and education on neuropsychological test performance with a much larger sample of adults and (b) to add to the provisional norms for adult medical-surgical patients without evidence of neurological disease. While hospitalized awaiting cardiac surgery, 322 male and female adults between the ages of 40 and 69 yr. were given the Trail Making Test (Parts A and B) from the Halstead-Reitan Battery, the Visual Reproduction subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scale Form II, and the Logical Memory Scale from the Wechsler Memory Scale Form I. Both age and level of education were strongly associated with performance on the Trail Making Test. On the two subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale, education alone was associated with test performance. These findings point to the potential danger of falsely classifying adults of older ages or with lower education as possibly having an organic brain syndrome. Regression equations are presented which quantify the amount of adjustment of scores appropriate for similar populations.
Holistic Versus Analytic Expressions in Artworks

Previous research has documented systematic cultural variations in adults’ cognitive processes. In particular, research on culture and aesthetics suggests that East Asian adults’ aesthetic expression tends to be holistic and context-oriented, whereas North American adults’ aesthetic expression tends to be analytic and object-oriented (Masuda, Gonzalez, Kwan, & Nisbett, 2008). However, research focusing specifically on the developmental processes of such cultural differences in children’s artworks is lacking, with the notable exception of an empirical study conducted by Rübeling et al. (2011). Our current research examined whether school-age children in Grades 1 through 6 exhibit these culturally unique patterns of expression, and if so, when. Children were asked to produce either landscape drawings (Study 1, n = 495) or landscape collages using ready-made items (Study 2, n = 376). The results indicated that children in both cultures gradually develop expressions unique to each culture. Although Grade 1 children’s artworks were still similar across cultures, artworks in Grade 2 and higher showed substantial cultural variations. Japanese children were more likely than their Canadian counterparts to place the horizon higher in the visual space and to include more pieces of information. The higher placement of the horizon is linked to the context-oriented visual attention style seen in adults’ drawings and historical paintings in East Asian cultures, as opposed to object-focused drawing styles commonly seen in North American cultures. We also report culturally similar patterns in the developmental trajectory and discuss the internalization process of culturally dominant patterns of perception.
The emotional geography of prison life

Accounts of prison life consistently describe a culture of mutual mistrust, fear, aggression and barely submerged violence. Often too, they explain how prisoners adapt to this environment—in men’s prisons, at least—by putting on emotional ‘masks’ or ‘fronts’ of masculine bravado which hide their vulnerabilities and deter the aggression of their peers. This article does not contest the truth of such descriptions, but argues that they provide a partial account of the prison’s emotional world. Most importantly, for current purposes, they fail to describe the way in which prisons have a distinctive kind of emotional geography, with zones in which certain kinds of emotional feelings and displays are more or less acceptable. In this article, we argue that these ‘emotion zones’, which cannot be characterized either as ‘frontstage’ or ‘backstage’ domains, enable the display of a wider range of feelings than elsewhere in the prison. Their existence represents a challenge to depictions of prisons as environments that are unwaveringly sterile, unfailingly aggressive or emotionally undifferentiated.
The Duality of Technology: Rethinking the Concept of Technology in Organizations

This paper develops a new theoretical model with which to examine the interaction between technology and organizations. Early research studies assumed technology to be an objective, external force that would have deterministic impacts on organizational properties such as structure. Later researchers focused on the human aspect of technology, seeing it as the outcome of strategic choice and social action. This paper suggests that either view is incomplete, and proposes a reconceptualization of technology that takes both perspectives into account. A theoretical model—the structurational model of technology—is built on the basis of this new conceptualization, and its workings explored through discussion of a field study of information technology. The paper suggests that the reformulation of the technology concept and the structurational model of technology allow a deeper and more dialectical understanding of the interaction between technology and organizations. This understanding provides insight into the limits and opportunities of human choice, technology development and use, and organizational design. Implications for future research of the new concept of technology and the structurational model of technology are discussed.
Moral Economies of Mass Violence: Somalia 1988–1991

The focus in the article is on the beginning and expansion of the Somali war between 1988 and 1992. Three patterns and dynamics of mass-mobilisation are comparatively examined: the relatively sudden transformation of the northern guerrilla struggle in a civil war 1988, the expansion of the war to the southern region after 1989 and the mass-upheaval in Mogadishu 1990/91. Although clan-affiliation became a prominent tool to mobilising violence and to framing friends and foes throughout Somalia, the patterns of organising clan-relations within the insurgent movements and between the movements and the non-armed population differed and laid the basis for the different trajectories of violence in the Somali regions.
Does change process healthiness reduce the negative effects of organizational change on the psychosocial work environment?

Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether the detrimental effects of organizational change on the psychosocial work environment are reduced by the “healthiness” of change processes. This includes the management's awareness that the change may be experienced differently by various individuals and groups (diversity); availability of the manager during the process; the degree to which conflicts are resolved constructively; and the degree to which the new roles to be taken on are clarified. Two studies are presented. Using a randomized sample of the Norwegian working population (N = 2389), the first study showed that there were both direct and indirect positive relationships between organizational change and stress, with job demands (but not control and support) as a mediator. In the second study a healthy change process index (HCPI) was developed from dimensions of healthy change that had emerged in an earlier qualitative study. Using data from seven Norwegian enterprises undergoing change (N = 561), this study showed that the healthiness of the change process was related negatively to stress and positively to Control and Support, but not to Demands. Overall, these findings support the idea that a healthy process may not reduce the additional demands produced by organizational change. However, a healthy process may still be able to reduce the experience of stress and facilitate coping with stress and associated increased demands through enhancing the psychosocial work environment.
Do you believe in pilgrimage?

Anthropological study of pilgrimage has increased in recent years, and much work has been dominated by one of two theoretical paradigms. The older, Turnerian depiction of anti-structure and communitas has been influential but appears to be contradicted by Eade and Sallnow's more recent emphasis on the sacred as `contested' at the great (Christian) pilgrimage sites. Reflecting on the newly published second edition of Eade and Sallnow's volume, this article suggests some of the reasons for the growth in pilgrimage studies and proposes some future theoretical areas of interest. In the process, it seeks to highlight important but largely implicit areas of theoretical overlap between the communitas and `contestation' paradigms.
The Impacts of Brand Personality and Congruity on Purchase Intention: Evidence From the Chinese Mainland's Automobile Market

ABSTRACT This study focuses on comparison of the importance of product-brand personality and importance of company-brand personality characteristics as well as on investigation of product-/company-brand congruity and self-image congruence on purchase intention, within the context of Chinese Mainland's automobile industry. Results reveal that product-brand personality is more significant in affecting purchase intention than company-brand personality. Furthermore, it is found that congruity between product-brand personality and company-brand personality acts as a moderating variable between product-/company-brand personality and purchase intention. Of equal importance, it is found that self-image congruence with product-/company-brand personality positively affects purchase intention, at a statistically significant level, and plays a moderating role between product-/company-brand personality and purchase intention. Implications for research, as well as for business practices, are discussed.
Managing Individual Education Plans: reducing the load of the special educational needs coordinator

In this article Carol Frankl focuses on the implementation of a strategy to reduce the number of pupils with Individual Education Plans (IEPs) and so reduce the workload of special education needs coordinators (SENCOs). This can be achieved through the integration of special educational needs (SEN) planning into whole-class planning, creating group education plans (GEPs) that are the responsibility of class teachers, so allowing SENCOs time to become coaches and consultants for colleagues. This process is an important piece of change management and, in order to be effective, will need the wholehearted support of senior managers in schools and a carefully thought out strategy for implementation.
Another Look at the Job Satisfaction-Life Satisfaction Relationship

The relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction has been heavily researched over the years. In spite of this research interest, results have not proved conclusive in demonstrating the causal nature of the relationship. In the present study, a causal model was hypothesized and tested that involved simultaneous consideration of cross-sectional and longitudinal effects between job and life satisfaction. This type of analysis has not previously been conducted and allows the strongest conclusions to date regarding the causality between these constructs. Results based on a national probability sample of workers indicated that job and life satisfaction were significantly and reciprocally related. The cross-sectional results suggested a relatively strong relationship between job and life satisfaction, but the longitudinal results suggested a weaker relationship over a 5-year period, particularly with respect to the effect of job satisfaction on life satisfaction. The meaning of these results in the context of past research on the job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship is discussed. Recently, Tail, Padgett, and Baldwin (1989) provided the first meta-analytic estimate of the relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Using correlations from 34 studies, Tail et al. (1989) estimated the average corrected correlation between the constructs to be . 44. The authors concluded their review with this comment: "On the basis of the substantial relationship between job and life satisfaction documented here, further explanatory research of this nature is now clearly warranted" (p. 505). In a recent review of the literature, Rain, Lane, and Steiner (1991) held that although Tail et al.'s study was useful in providing an overall assessment of the job satisfactionlife satisfaction relationship, it did not address the direction of causality between the constructs. Rain et al. argued that more efforts investigating the causality between job and life satisfaction were needed. Thus, despite extensive research, the critical question concerning what the direction of influence between job and life satisfaction is remains unanswered. The correlation estimated in Tait et al.'s (1989) meta-analysis suggests that a positive relationship exists, but this study provided no information regarding whether job satisfaction causes life satisfaction, life satisfaction causes job satisfaction, or the two constructs are mutually causative. A causal influence from life satisfaction to job satisfaction is supportive of the dispositional perspective (Judge & Hulin, in press; Judge & Locke, 1993; Staw, Bell, & Clausen,