Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weak identity arrows in higher categories

There are a dozen definitions of weak higher categories, all of which loosen the notion of composition of arrows. A new approach is presented here, where instead the notion of identity arrow is weakened — these are tentatively called fair categories. The approach is simplicial in spirit, but the usual simplicial category ∆ is replaced by a certain ‘fat’ delta of ‘coloured ordinals’, where the degeneracy maps are only up to homotopy. The first part of this exposition is aimed at a broad mathematical readership and contains also a brief introduction to simplicial viewpoints on higher categories in general. It is explained how the definition of fair n-category is almost forced upon us by three standard ideas. The second part states some basic results about fair categories, and give examples. The category of fair 2-categories is shown to be equivalent to the category of bicategories with strict composition law. Fair 3-categories correspond to tricategories with strict composition laws. The main motivation for the theory is Simpson’s weak-unit conjecture according to which n-groupoids with strict composition laws and weak units should model all homotopy n-types. A proof of a version of this conjecture in dimension 3 is announced, obtained in joint work with A. Joyal. Technical details and a fuller treatment of the applications will appear elsewhere.
A Two-Point Visual Control Model of Steering

When steering down a winding road, drivers have been shown to use both near and far regions of the road for guidance during steering. We propose a model of steering that explicitly embodies this idea, using both a ‘near point’ to maintain a central lane position and a ‘far point’ to account for the upcoming roadway. Unlike control models that integrate near and far information to compute curvature or more complex features, our model relies solely on one perceptually plausible feature of the near and far points, namely the visual direction to each point. The resulting parsimonious model can be run in simulation within a realistic highway environment to facilitate direct comparison between model and human behavior. Using such simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed two-point model is able to account for four interesting aspects of steering behavior: curve negotiation with occluded visual regions, corrective steering after a lateral drift, lane changing, and individual differences.
Myelomeningocele in young adults

or above T10 [3]. However, renal failure can occur even with apparently minor neural tube defects such as occult spinal dysraphism. In a group of 55 such cases only 43% had urological symptoms at presentation, and yet all eventually became incontinent and eight developed renal failure.In those who have reached adulthood, life-expectancy is still shortened. In an unselected series of 695 adults in the UK, 56 were known to have died before their expected time. In the 30 whose cause of death could be determined, renal failure accounted for 33%. Thirteen died from cardiac or respiratory disease, three committed suicide and one died from cancer (Fig. 2) [4]. There is an increased risk of atherosclerosis in patients with spina biﬁda, even in the absence of obesity [5].
Polyphenols Isolated from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Husks and Their Anti-Tumor and Radical-Scavenging Activities

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. is used in traditional medicine in North China. To evaluate the anti-tumor and radical-scavenging activities of X. sorbifolia husks polyphenols and determine their structure-activity relationships, 37 polyphenols 1–37 were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation. Two new compounds 1–2, and compounds 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14–17, 21–25, 27–29, 31, 33, 34, 36, and 37 were isolated from the genus Xanthoceras for the first time. Compounds 1–37 did not show strong cytotoxicity against the four tested tumor cell lines (A549, HepG2, MGC-803, and MFC) compared to paclitaxel and under the conditions tested in the anti-tumor assay, but compounds 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 18–20, 25, 26, 29, 30, 32, and 35 exhibited stronger radical-scavenging activity than ascorbic acid in a 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt assay. This was the first report on the anti-tumor and radical-scavenging activities of the polyphenols isolated from X. sorbifolia husks. Overall, the present study contributed valuable information concerning X. sorbifolia husks use in medicine and pharmacology.
FINE STRUCTURE OF SPINY SPORES OF STREPTOMYCES

Electron microscope studies of the spores of Streptomyces have revealed that the surface structure may be classified into four groups: smooth, warty, spiny, and hairy. Usefulness of surface structure in the taxonomy of Streptomyces has been well established. The fine structure of aerial and vegetative mycelium was also studied by ultrathin section. Moore and Chapman (J. Bacteriol. 78: 878, 1959) described the fine structure of spores with smooth surfaces. Welch and Lechevalier (Bacteriol. Proc., p. 54, 1960) observed the spiny surface of S. violaceus and reached the tentative conclusion that the spines on the surface of the spores are not outgrowths of the cell wall, but rather, are very superficial structures. More recently, Glauert and Hopwood (J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 10: 505, 1961) interpreted the mode of spore formation of S. violaceoruber by stating that the hyphal wall thickens and becomes multilayered prior to spore delimitation, and that the inner component of the wall forms the spore wall. Spiny spores of S. toyocaensis SO-927 (author's ow-n isolate) were investigated l)y electron microscopy. Spores an(l sp)orophores taken from 7-day-old cultures grown at 27 C on glucose asparagine agar slants were used for examination. Figure 1 illustrates the gross appearance of the sporophore and enmpty hyphal wtall, or spore sheath, which possesses a spiny configuration. Mature spores wN-eIre fixed with 2 %Y osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethyl alcohol of graded dilutions, infiltrate(d ith monomiieric methacrylate (8 parts n-butyl methacrylate, 2 parts methyl methacrylate), and cut w-ith a glass knife. Figure 2 suggests the fragile nature of the spines. The doubled structure of spor'e wa-alls (two dense layers separated by a less dense layer) is revealed inside of the thick an(l (lense envelope. Only the outside envelope, p)ossibly the remiains of the outer component of thle hyphal wvall, bears spiny processes. The hollow nature of the spiny projections is suggested in Figs. 4, 5, an(d 6 (tangential, oblique, and sagittal sections). 'Nuclear substance is assumed to he localized as the less dense spherical mass in the (enter of the spores (Fig. 6).
SEARCHY: An Agent to Personalize Search Results

User's behaviour in browsing sessions is a valuable source of information useful to analyze user interests and personalize the human-computer interaction during information seeking tasks. In this paper we present a simple way to machine-learn user profile and employ it to improve Web searches. Searchy is a personal agent, embedded in the Web browser, able to sense user's tastes, to assist her/him during query formulation phase and, finally, to filter and sort the results according to the user's needs. Searchy uses the DART P2P network to store user's profiles in order to enable collaborative recommendations.
Friends with Motives: Using Text to Infer Influence on SCOTUS

We present a probabilistic model of the in-ﬂuence of language on the behavior of the U.S. Supreme Court, speciﬁcally inﬂuence of amicus briefs on Court decisions and opinions. The approach assumes that amici are rational, utility-maximizing agents who try to win votes or affect the language of court opinions. Our model leads to improved predictions of justices’ votes and perplexity of opinion language. It is amenable to inspection, allowing us to explore inferences about the persua-siveness of different amici and inﬂuenceability of different justices; these are consistent with earlier ﬁndings.
Compliance, Safety, and Effectiveness of Fixed-Dose Combinations of Antihypertensive Agents: A Meta-Analysis

Two or more antihypertensive agents are increasingly used to control blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. However, it is unclear whether fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of 2 antihypertensive agents in a single tablet provide greater benefits than the corresponding free-drug components given separately. A meta-analysis was performed to assess compliance, persistence, BP control, and safety associated with FDCs in comparison with their free-drug components. Fifteen included studies (n=32331) reported on ≥1 of the evaluated outcomes. In 3 cohort studies and 2 trials reporting on drug compliance (n=17 999), the use of FDCs was associated with significantly better compliance (odds ratio: 1.21 [95% CI: 1.03 to 1.43]; P=0.02) compared with its corresponding free-drug combinations. In 3 cohort studies (n=12 653), there was a nonsignificant improvement in persistence with therapy (odds ratio: 1.54 [95% CI: 0.95 to 2.49]; P=0.08), and in 5 trials (n=1775) the odds ratio for adverse effects for FDC use compared with free-drug combination use was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.58 to 1.11; P=0.19). In 9 trials (n=1671) with BP data, use of an FDC was associated with nonsignificant changes in systolic and diastolic BPs of 4.1 mm Hg (95% CI: −9.8 to 1.5; P=0.15) and 3.1 mm Hg (95% CI: −7.1 to 0.9; P=0.13), respectively. In these BP-lowering comparisons, there was heterogeneity associated with differences in study design but no publication bias. In conclusion, compared with free-drug combinations, FDCs of antihypertensive agents are associated with a significant improvement in compliance and with nonsignificant beneficial trends in BP and adverse effects.
Dynamics of statistical distance: Quantum limits for two-level clocks.

We study the evolution of statistical distance on the Bloch sphere under unitary and nonunitary dynamics. This corresponds to studying the limits to clock precision for a clock constructed from a two-state system. We find that the initial motion away from pure states under nonunitary dynamics yields the greatest accuracy for a ‘‘one-tick’’ clock; in this case the clock’s precision is not limited by the largest frequency of the system.
PENINGKATAN KERJASAMA SISWA SMP MELALUI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF PENDEKATAN THINK PAIR SHARE

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kerjasama dan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII MTs Negeri Pecangaan Jepara melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share . Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain control group pre-test-post-test . Data hasil kerjasama siswa diperoleh dari lembar angket dan lembar observasi. Hasil belajar kognitif diperoleh dari lembar evaluasi berupa tes pilihan ganda, sedangkan hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotorik diperoleh dari lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada pokok bahasan alat optik menunjukkan kerjasama dan hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan. The aims of this research were to increase student’s teamwork and learning outcomes in 8 th grade of MTs Negeri Pecangaan in Bawu Jepara through cooperative learning type of Think Pair Share. This research include the experiment research with control group pre-test-post-test design. Data of student’s teamwork outcome given by questionnaire and observation sheets. The cognitive outcome given by evaluation sheet with multiple choices type, whereas affective and psycomotor outcomes given by observation sheets. The results showed that the use of cooperative learning type Think Pair Share in the subject of optics instruments does increase student’s teamwork and student’s learning outcomes.
Tapped-inductor filter assisted soft-switching PWM DC-DC power converter

A novel high-frequency transformer linked full-bridge type soft-switching phase-shift pulsewidth modulated (PWM) controlled dc-dc power converter is presented, which can be used as a power conditioner for small-scale photovoltaic and fuel cell power generation systems as well as isolated boost dc-dc power converter for automotive ac power supply. In these applications with low-voltage large-current sources, the full-bridge circuit is the most attractive topology due to the possibility of using low-voltage high-performance metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and achieving high efficiency of the dc-dc power converter. A tapped-inductor filter including the freewheeling diode is newly implemented in the output stage of the full-bridge phase-shift PWM dc-dc converter to achieve soft-switching operation for the wide load variation range. Moreover, in the proposed converter circuit, the circulating current is effectively minimized without using additional resonant circuit and auxiliary power switching devices. The practical effectiveness of the proposed soft-switching dc-dc power converter was verified in laboratory level experiment with 1 kW 100 kHz breadboard setup using power MOSFETs. Actual efficiency of 94-97% was obtained for the wide duty cycle and load variation ranges.
Capability-based planning and scheduling for adaptable manufacturing systems

Manufacturing enterprises can only stay profitable if they manage to flexibly respond to changes in markets by adapting their products, product variants, and product volumes. To support such variety in products, we suggest a capability-based approach for production planning and scheduling. Production plans and machines are described in terms of required capabilities and provided capabilities respectively. Additionally, the topology of the factory is described. We propose to combine these descriptions to automatically generate production schedules that consider the material flow in the factory. For each production plan, our approach generates a valid schedule for the currently available machines in the factory without manually reconfiguring the software. The evaluation of the approach on an industrial production system used for educational purposes shows the suitability of this approach.
Therapeutic brain modulation with targeted large neutral amino acid supplements in the Pah-enu2 phenylketonuria mouse model.

BACKGROUND Phenylketonuria treatment consists mainly of a Phe-restricted diet, which leads to suboptimal neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes. Supplementation of large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) has been suggested as an alternative dietary treatment strategy to optimize neurocognitive outcome in phenylketonuria and has been shown to influence 3 brain pathobiochemical mechanisms in phenylketonuria, but its optimal composition has not been established. OBJECTIVE In order to provide additional pathobiochemical insight and develop optimal LNAA treatment, several targeted LNAA supplements were investigated with respect to all 3 biochemical disturbances underlying brain dysfunction in phenylketonuria. DESIGN Pah-enu2 (PKU) mice received 1 of 5 different LNAA-supplemented diets beginning at postnatal day 45. Control groups included phenylketonuria mice receiving an isonitrogenic and isocaloric high-protein diet or the AIN-93M diet, and wild-type mice receiving the AIN-93M diet. After 6 wk, brain and plasma amino acid profiles and brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter concentrations were measured. RESULTS Brain Phe concentrations were most effectively reduced by supplementation of LNAAs, such as Leu and Ile, with a strong affinity for the LNAA transporter type 1. Brain non-Phe LNAAs could be restored on supplementation, but unbalanced LNAA supplementation further reduced brain concentrations of those LNAAs that were not (sufficiently) included in the LNAA supplement. To optimally ameliorate brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter concentrations, LNAA supplementation should include Tyr and Trp together with LNAAs that effectively reduce brain Phe concentrations. The requirement for Tyr supplementation is higher than it is for Trp, and the relative effect of brain Phe reduction is higher for serotonin than it is for dopamine and norepinephrine. CONCLUSION The study shows that all 3 biochemical disturbances underlying brain dysfunction in phenylketonuria can be targeted by specific LNAA supplements. The study thus provides essential information for the development of optimal LNAA supplementation as an alternative dietary treatment strategy to optimize neurocognitive outcome in patients with phenylketonuria.
Diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic impact of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the respective diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and their therapeutic implications in mechanically ventilated patients, in the intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN A prospective study. SETTINGS Intensive care units of two tertiary referral teaching hospitals. PATIENTS One hundred eleven ICU patients (81 men and 30 women; mean age 57 +/- 16 years). Fifty-seven percent were hospitalized for medical illnesses, 16.5 percent after thoracic surgery, 10.5 percent after other surgery, and 16.0 percent for multiple trauma. Their Simplified Acute Physiologic Score was 16 +/- 5. INTERVENTIONS The echocardiograms were performed in order to solve well-defined clinical problems. TTE was the first step of the procedure and TEE was performed only when (1) TTE did not solve the clinical problems, and (2) TTE yielded unsuspected findings requiring TEE. During each echocardiographic study, the following were noted: ventilatory mode, clinical problems, imaging quality, results, consequence on acute care, duration of the procedure, and potential complications of TEE. Diagnostic accuracy was defined as the proportion of solved problems, and therapeutic impact was defined as changes on acute care that resulted directly from the procedure. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS One hundred twenty-eight consecutive TTE and 96 TEE were performed. TTE solved 60 of 158 clinical problems (38 percent), whether positive end-expiratory pressure (> 4 cm H2O) was present or not (28 of 74 vs 32 of 84: p > 0.50). TTE allowed evaluation of left ventricular function in 77 percent of cases and pericardial effusion in every case, but it did not solve most of the other clinical problems. Indeed, the diagnostic accuracy of TEE was markedly superior (95/98 vs 60/158: p < 0.001), but TEE required a physician's presence longer (43 +/- 17 min vs 27 +/- 12 min: p < 0.001). When TTE and TEE were scheduled (n = 96), TEE yielded an additional diagnosis or excluded with more certitude a suspected diagnosis, except in two cases. TEE had a therapeutic impact more frequently than TTE (35/96 vs 20/128: p < 0.001). Cardiovascular surgery was prompted by echocardiographic findings in ten patients. TEE was well tolerated in all patients; there were no complications. CONCLUSIONS TEE is a valuable well-tolerated imaging technique in mechanically ventilated patients. For the assessment of left ventricular systolic function and pericardial effusion; however, TTE continues to be an excellent diagnostic tool, even when positive end-expiratory pressure is present. Both TTE and TEE have a therapeutic impact in approximately 25 percent of cases.
The Effects of Simulated Hearing Loss on Simultaneous Speech Recognition and Walking Navigation Tasks

Abstract : This study assessed whether a concurrent but independent navigation task exacerbates effects of hearing loss on speech recognition and whether hearing loss degrades performance of the navigation task when performed during the independent listening task. Previous studies showed that vehicle operation performance decreases when crew instruction communication is impaired, but it remains unknown how performance would be affected if the vehicle operation were independent of this communication process. Participants performed a listening task by responding to Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT) stimuli at three simulated hearing levels. For each hearing level, the participant performed one trial while stationary and another trial while navigating a path in a virtual environment using a hand-held map. Additionally, participants navigated a path with no CAT. The proportion of correctly repeated callsigns was used to measure speech recognition performance. The total walking time measured performance on the walking navigation task. CAT scores showed an expected negative effect of hearing loss. Concurrent navigation produced an even larger decrease in CAT scores. Hearing loss caused an insignificant decrease in navigation task performance. These results demonstrate that, while walking, a person with hearing loss may communicate less effectively than predicted from hearing loss alone. Conclusions and recommendations are given.
Reproductive Health Morbidities among Adolescent Girls: Breaking the Silence!

Abstract Present study was undertaken to find out prevalence of reproductive health morbidities among unmarried adolescent girls and to study the health care seeking behaviour during period of reproductive illness. A cross-sectional community based study was carried out in an urban slum field practice area under Urban Health Training Centre, Dept. of Community Medicine, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Science, Nagpur from June 2009 to February 2010. Out of five slum areas under field practice area, one area was selected by simple random sampling. The population of the selected area was 3000. All unmarried, nonpregnant, non-lactating adolescent girls (10 to 19 years) with attainment of menarche at least one year prior to the study were included in the study (n=224). Information regarding reproductive morbidities was collected in pre-designed and pre-tested proforma. Statistical analysis was done by epiinfo statistical software. Out of total 224 girls, 146(65.18%) girls were having one or more reproductive morbidity. A high prevalence of dysmenorrhoea (53.6%) was reported among adolescent girls. Backache was found to be a second common morbidity. A highly significant statistical association was found between age of girl and dysmenorrhoea. A highly significant statistical association was found between education of girl and reproductive morbidity . Out of 146 girls with reproductive morbidities, only 55(33.67%) girls sought heath care and 91(62.33%) girls remained silent without seeking health care. Out of 91 girls who did not seek health care 88(96.70%) girls reported ‘no need of treatment’ as a reason for not seeking health care. A high prevalence of reproductive morbidities was found among adolescent girls but heath care seeking behaviour was found to be very low.
Validation of the moral competency inventory measurement instrument: Content, construct, convergent and discriminant approaches

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce practitioners to the appropriate use of measures of unethical behaviour, evaluate the use of integrity‐related assessments for use in personnel selection, and determine the validity of the moral competency index (MCI) instrument using standard validation procedures.Design/methodology/approach – Content, construct, convergent and discriminant approaches are applied to establish the relative validity of the assessment tool.Findings – The results of the MCI purport to align with one's moral values and behaviours. The paper establishes face validity of the MCI measure, but fails to establish an appropriate simple factor structure, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and support for the lack of impact of demographic factors on the purported measure of moral intelligence.Research limitations/implications – An acceptable but constrained (working students) sample was used in the validation.Practical implications – Researchers and practitioners should be .
The Escherichia coli CRISPR System Protects from λ Lysogenization, Lysogens, and Prophage Induction

ABSTRACT We show that phage lysogenization, lysogens, and prophage induction are all targeted by CRISPR. The results demonstrate that genomic DNA is not immune to the CRISPR system, that the CRISPR system does not require noncytoplasmic elements, and that the system protects from phages entering and exiting the lysogenic cycle.