Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Ways to Promote Proenvironmental Behavior: Expanding and Evaluating Motives for Environmentally Responsible Behavior

This article contends that while striving to promote environmentallyresponsible behavior, we have focused attention too narrowly on just two classes of motives. There is a need to expand the range of motives available to practitioners and to provide a framework within which motives can be evaluated for both their immediate and long-term effectiveness. The article then examines a strategy for promoting environmentally responsible behavior that has significant potential. This strategy is based on a particular form of motivation called intrinsic satisfaction. Nine studies are reviewed that have outlined the structure of intrinsic satisfaction. A key theme discussed is the human inclination for competence. This fundamental human concern is shown to have both a general form and a resource-specific version.
Greek neurolinguistics The State of the Art*

is painting reﬂexive pronoun contexts ( O pateras zograﬁzi ton eafto tou “the father is painting himself”), quantiﬁcational antecedent and clitic contexts ( kathe pateras ton zograﬁzi “every father is painting him”), quantiﬁcational antecedent and reﬂexive pronoun contexts ( kathe pateras zograﬁzi ton eafto tou “every father is painting himself”), and na -clause-clitic contexts ( O pateras ton ide na chorevi “the saw him A strong pronoun condition was although the main aim of this study to look at possible dissociations between clitics and strong pronouns as the The results indicated both patients showed almost ceiling performance on all
Identification of fragmented object outlines: A dynamic interplay between different component processes

The speed of fragmented picture identification depends on a large number of factors whose effects might change in time during an identification attempt. Using survival analysis and fixed fragmentation levels, previous research has shown that effects of complexity, fragment curvature, and time interact. Here, we study the effects of presentation duration and dynamic fragmentation levels. Fragmented object outlines were presented repetitively every 2.25 s, and at each presentation longer fragments were shown (possibly until closure). We recorded the lowest presentation number (minimum 1, maximum 10) that resulted in correct naming by the participants (N=84). Survival analysis was employed to investigate whether and when different factors like presentation duration, complexity, object category (natural vs. artifactual), symmetry, proximity, and fragment curvature influence correct identification. The results confirm and extend previous findings, and are interpreted within a dynamic, interactive processing framework.
Why is mortality higher in poorer areas and in more northern areas of England and Wales?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify the factors responsible for the differences in mortality between affluent and deprived areas, the north and the south, and urban and rural areas in England and Wales. DESIGN: A multiple Poisson regression analysis of cause specific mortality in the 403 local authority districts, each classified by deprivation (using the Jarman Index), latitude (from 50 degrees to 55 degrees north) and urbanisation, adjusting for age, sex, and proportion of ethnic minorities. SETTING: England and Wales 1992. MAIN RESULTS: All cause mortality was 15% higher in the districts comprising the most compared with the least deprived tenth of the population, 23% higher in the most northern (55 degrees) than in the most southern (50 degrees) districts, and 4% higher in metropolitan (within large cities) than rural districts. Nationally these differences were associated with 40,000, 65,000, and 15,000 excess deaths respectively. More than two thirds of the overall excess mortality with deprivation, latitude, and urbanisation was from three diseases--ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The excess mortality from these and other diseases closely matched that predicted from differences according to deprivation and latitude in smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, Helicobacter pylori infection, and temperature, and thus could be attributed to these causes. About 85% of the overall excess mortality with deprivation was attributable to heavier smoking and 6% to heavier alcohol consumption, but diet varied little. Deaths more directly related to deprivation (such as those caused by H pylori infection, drug misuse, psychoses) accounted for an estimated 12% of the excess deaths, but variation in provision and uptake of healthcare services only 1%. The direct effects of deprivation are more strongly related to morbidity than mortality. Of the difference in mortality with latitude, about 45% was attributable to differences in smoking, and 25% to climate (mainly the association of cardiovascular and respiratory disease with cold). The differences with urbanisation were mainly because of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the prevalence of smoking account for much of the variation in mortality between areas. Alcohol accounts for some, diet little. The more direct material effect of deprivation contributes to the variation in mortality but is particularly important with respect to differences in morbidity.
Boomerangs and Superpowers: International Norms, Transnational Networks and US Foreign Policy

The complex relationship between international norms and transational networks of non-state actors is gaining increasing attention in international relations theory. This paper argues that transnational networks of non-state actors gain greater access to and influence over states when they identify with international norms that the states themselves have formally accepted--even if that formal acceptance did not initally reflect any serious intention to implement or monitor the norm in question. This process has been called the 'boomering effect'. The resulting redefinitions of state interests raise the diplomatic salience of the norm in question, and thereby increase its effectiveness. The article illustrates this process with a study of changes in the US foreign policy towards Soviet and Eastern European compliance with the human rights norms of the Helsinki Accords in the mid-late 1970s.
National Discussions, Global Repercussions: Ethics in British Newspaper Coverage of Global Climate Negotiations

There is convincing evidence that the media have been responsible for questionable coverage on climate change, which has been blamed for undermining public consensus on the issue. However, less is known about the way in which the media communicate the key values, or ethical dimension, surrounding the debate over climate change and its global effects. It is generally argued that a strong notion of cosmopolitanism rather than narrow national self-interest will be fundamental to the achievement of a comprehensive international agreement on climate change. The media provide a crucial forum for discussing such challenges. The study examines how climate ethics form part of the debate on climate change in three British national newspapers leading up to, during, and following two key United Nations conferences. Through a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of climate change coverage, this article examines how the values of cosmopolitanism and communitarianism underpin the debate on climate ethics in the respective newspapers. This article argues that the possibility of reaching a fair climate agreement partially depends upon the ability of media to inform citizens of the inherent injustices of climate change and the importance of taking bold action. It is concluded that a more cosmopolitan perspective in the media could be useful in helping sway public opinion in favor of effective climate action.
Association of PTPN22 1858T/T genotype with type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease but not with rheumatoid arthritis in Russian population

The protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 gene (PTPN22) is an important negative regulator of signal transduction through the T-cell receptors (TCR). Recently a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1858 C/T within this gene was shown to be a risk factor for several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Graves' Disease (GD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). The aim of this study was to analyze a possible association between 1858 C/T SNP and a number of autoimmune diseases, including RA, GD and T1D in Russian population. Patients with T1D, GD, RA and healthy controls were genotyped for the 1858 C/T SNP in PTPN22 gene. We found a significant association between PTPN22 1858 C/T SNP and T1D and GD. 1858T/T genotype was observed more frequently in T1D and GD patients compared to control subjects. No such association was observed for RA. In concordance with a previous data establishing PTPN22 1858 C/T SNP association with several autoimmune diseases, our findings provide further evidence that the PTPN22 gene may play an important role in the susceptibility to some autoimmune diseases.
Social Influence Effects on Social Assistance Recipiency

A potential self-reinforcing component in the dynamics of social assistance (SA) is analyzed in this paper. The core hypothesis is that the SA recipiency of others can assert a positive influence on an individual's propensity to apply for SA. The mechanisms through which such influence may operate are discussed and a set of hypotheses linking individual action and macro-level SA are proposed and tested by means of pooled cross-sections time-series analysis. Data on all individuals aged 20-25 in the Stockholm region who received SA in the years 1990-9 are used for the analyses. Results indicate that the level of SA in one year has a positive effect on the next year's inflow of new SA recipients and a negative effect on the outflow, even when other relevant factors are controlled for. This lends support to the hypothesis of a self-reinforcing process.
Ruminating about Placebo Effects of Marketing Actions

In Shiv, Carmon, and Ariely (2005), the authors demonstrate that marketing actions such as price promotions and advertising evoke consumer expectations, which can alter the actual efficacy of the marketed product, a phenomenon they call ”placebo effects of marketing actions. ” In this rejoinder, they build on the preceding commentaries and refine their framework to account more fully for factors that may influence this placebo effect, and they describe directions for further research in this new topic area.
Blinded by emotion? Effect of the emotionality of a scene on susceptibility to false memories.

Meme si la distorsion est communement presente dans la memoire, le rapport entre l'emotivite d'une scene vecue et la susceptibilite aux souvenirs fausses n'est pas claire. Des participants (au nombre de 90) ont ete recrutes dans le cadre d'une recherche portant sur le « traitement des emotions ». Ils n'ont pas ete informes que leur memoire etait a l'etude. On leur a ensuite presente une scene soit tres positive, neutre ou tres negative (par ex., un accident fatal illustre) tiree du International Affective Picture System (par ex., Lang, Bradley & Cuthbert, 1999). La moitie des participants ont ete exposes a des questions trompeuses - dont l'une comportait une suggestion fausse tres importante (c.-a-d. un gros animal dans la scene). Une heure plus tard on a demande aux participants de se rappeler la scene et on leur a pose 10 questions directes, dont cinq portaient sur la mesinformation presentee auparavant. Dans l'ensemble, les questions trompeuses ont entrave l'exactitude du souvenir de 37 % des participants. De plus, l'emotion negative a accru la susceptibilite aux souvenirs fausses relativement a la mesinformation. Alors qu'aucun des participants non exposes aux questions trompeuses dans toutes les conditions se sont souvenu d'avoir vu le detail fautif important, les participants qui ont ete trompes dans la condition negative se sont souvenu plus souvent (80 %) du detail fautif que les participants dans des conditions positives (40 %) et neutres (40 %).
Vividness can undermine the persuasiveness of messages.

Research that presented messages on 2 social issues tested the idea that vividness effects are most likely when message recipients are not constrained to pay attention to the information. When a low level of attentional constraint was established by presenting a message to Ss in a seemingly incidental manner, vivid messages were less memorable and less persuasive than pallid messages. Process data suggested that the vivid elements in a message (i.e., colorful language, picturesque examples, and provocative metaphors) interfered with Ss' reception of its essential meaning and thereby reduced its memorability and persuasiveness. In contrast, when Ss' attention was constrained by instructing them to attend to a message, its vividness had no impact on their memory for its contents or on its persuasiveness
INFLUENCE OF ASSESSMENT CENTER METHODS ON ASSESSORS’RATINGS

Recently a number of authors have argued persuasively that performance ratings are influenced to a large extent by the way the rater selects, organizes, stores, and recalls information. Although the influence of the rater's cognitive processes on the obtained ratings has been considered in the job-performance evaluation literature, this issue has not been considered in the assessment center literature. The purpose of the present study was to examine how assessment center methods affect the way assessors organize and process assessment center information and affect the ratings they make. Independent groups of assessors underwent one of two methods for evaluating candidates in an assessment center. Data indicated differences in the convergent and discriminant validities and differences in the factor structures of the ratings for the two methods. The pattern of results suggested that the two methods for evaluating assessment center candidates affected the way the assessors organized the assessment center information and affected the obtained ratings. Future research should consider assessment center methods and assessors as sources of variation in assessment center ratings.
A Novel Role for p75NTR in Subplate Growth Cone Complexity and Visual Thalamocortical Innervation

In cortical development, subplate axons pioneer the pathway from neocortex to the internal capsule, leading to the proposal that they are required for subsequent area-specific innervation of cortex by thalamic axons. A role for p75 neutrophin receptor (NTR) in area-specific thalamic innervation of cortex is suggested by the observation that p75NTR expression is restricted to subplate neurons in a low-rostral to high-caudal gradient throughout the period of thalamocortical innervation. In vitro, neurotrophin 3 binding to p75NTR increases neurite length and filopodial formation of immunopurified subplate neurons, suggesting a role for p75NTR in subplate growth cone morphology and function in vivo. Consistent with this idea, subplate growth cones have markedly fewer filopodia in mice lacking p75NTR than in wild type mice. Despite this gross morphologic defect, many subplate axons in knock-out mice pioneer the projection to the internal capsule as they do in wild-type mice. However a few subplate axons in the knock-out mice make ectopic projections rostral in the intermediate zone and frontal cortex. Concomitant with the altered morphology of subplate growth cones, mice lacking p75NTR have diminished innervation of visual cortex from the lateral geniculate nucleus, with markedly reduced or absent connections in 48% of knock-out mice. Thalamic projections to auditory and somatosensory cortex are normal, consistent with the gradient of p75NTR expression. Our present results are unusual in that they argue that p75NTR functions in a novel way in subplate neurons, that is, in growth cone morphology and function rather than in axon extension or neuronal survival.
Structure and change in self-concept during adolescence

Nous avons examine les changements longitudinaux dans plusieurs domaines du concept de soi pendant une periode de deux ans, aupres de 518 etudiants de niveau secondaire a l'aide d'une conception multicohorte aoccasions multiples. Nous cherchions a identifier les effets du sexe et de l'âge, ainsi qu'a examiner la nature hierarchique du concept de soi, en etablissant les domaines du concept de soi qui sont les plus susceptibles de predire le sentiment global de confiance en soi qu'eprouve une personne. Au moyen du profil de perception de soi de Harter, nous avons decouvert que la plupart des domaines du concept de soi se renforcent avec l'âge, meme si les competences scolaires percues decroissent. Nous avons observe plusieurs differences entre les filles et les garcons, qui reproduisaient tous les ecarts connus dans les ouvrages scientifiques sur le sujet. En outre, les perceptions relatives a l'apparence etaient les plus etroitement reliees a la confiance en soi et ce modele etait stable au fil du temps. De plus, nous avons constate que les niveaux actuels et changeants des divers domaines du concept de soi etaient les meilleurs predicteurs du changement qui se produit dans la confiance en soi globale. Pour finir, nous avons decouvert que, en ponderant les divers domaines du concept de soi avec l'importance qu'attribue chaque personne a ce dernier, nous ne voyions pas une amelioration de l'efficacite predictive de domaines particuliers sur la confiance en soi globale.
Doris L. Payne (ed.), Pragmatics of word order flexibility . Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1992. Pp. 320.

limited insight (several of the papers in the MP, many of which seem to miss the true value of the theory, which I believe lies in the economy principles) to truly inspiring. In that last category I place the Burzio & DiFabio article, which I fought with at every step, but which constantly met my concerns with coherent and consistent answers. This is by far the most ambitious article in the book, offering a lexical approach to stress, so that stress is checked rather than assigned. While I cannot say I am convinced by the article, I am dazzled and plan to read more.
Re-Entry: Managing Cross-Cultural Transitions

The author studied the re-entry process of two hundred corporate and governmental employees returning to Canada after working overseas for an average of two years. Re-entry into the original culture was found to be a more difficult transition than was the move to the foreign culture. Home-country managers tended to exhibit xenophobia (fear of foreign things) in assessing the potential and actual effectiveness of returnees. Based on the present research, ways for organizations to manage the re-entry transition more effectively are suggested.
Lessons from Japan: A comparative study of the market drivers for prefabrication in Japanese and UK private housing development

UK Government and construction industry advisors are becoming ever more interested in increasing the use of offsite modern methods of construction (MMC) within the private housing sector as a solution to current quality and efficiency problems. However, industry uptake remains below that of many countries with comparable economies, with UK housebuilders seemingly reluctant to invest in innovative building technologies. The Japanese private housing sector, on the other hand, paints a very different story, with prefabricated housing manufacturers dominating a significant proportion of the housing market. After an introduction to the key themes, this report will explore the drivers for offsite fabrication in the Japanese housing market, paying particular attention to building cycles and prevailing development systems, the cultural preference for new-build houses, attitudes towards land ownership and the demand for customised dwellings. Next, the report will investigate the major drivers for innovation in the UK housebuilding industry, focusing on Government reports and initiatives that promote offsite MMC, perceived advantages and barriers for greater uptake within the construction industry, and strategies used by the housebuilding industry to minimise market and site-specific risk in the emerging market environment. The final chapter will discuss the applicability of the Japanese model of prefabricated housing manufacture in the UK context, highlighting some possible crossover benefits and making some suggestions as to how these can be realised.
The Role of Perceived Abilities, Subjective Norm and Intentions in Entrepreneurial Activity

A study was conducted to assess the relationship between country-level entrepreneurial activity and individuals’ perceived abilities, subjective norm and intentions to pursue entrepreneurship. The theory of planned behaviour and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) conceptual model are used to formulate hypotheses concerning factors that influence the level of societies’ entrepreneurial intentions and activity in 43 countries included in the GEM 2010 study, as well as factors that influence the level of entrepreneurial intentions in Croatia from 2003 to 2011. In the analyzed GEM countries, the results confirm that antecedents to entrepreneurial intentions, as defined by the theory of planned behaviour, have a significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions which, in turn, significantly influence entrepreneurial activity. The results for Croatia were mixed. Subjective norm had a limited relationship with intentions while perceived behavioural control did.
Sectoral Credit Shifts in Japan: Causes and Consequences of Their Decline in the 1990s

In this paper, we construct a simple measure of sectoral credit shifts, defined as the dispersion of growth rates of bank loans across sectors, and investigate what effects they had on Japan's economy and what accounted for their development. We find that (i) during the 1990s, the amount of sectoral credit shifts declined significantly, which was responsible for---in conjunction with effects from falls in land prices and aggregate outstanding loans---the stagnated real growth; and (ii) the decline in the credit shifts in the 1990s reflected weakened financial intermediation rather than a decrease in the size of sectoral shocks. These results are consistent with the view that financial intermediation was weakened by the exacerbated non-performing loan problems after the collapse of the asset price bubble, and thus prevented credits from shifting to relatively efficient sectors.
Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning

Many teaching practices implicitly assume that conceptual knowledge can be abstracted from the situations in which it is learned and used. This article argues that this assumption inevitably limits the effectiveness of such practices. Drawing on recent research into cognition as it is manifest in everyday activity, the authors argue that knowledge is situated, being in part a product of the activity, context, and culture in which it is developed and used. They discuss how this view of knowledge affects our understanding of learning, and they note that conventional schooling too often ignores the influence of school culture on what is learned in school. As an alternative to conventional practices, they propose cognitive apprenticeship (Collins, Brown, & Newman, in press), which honors the situated nature of knowledge. They examine two examples of mathematics instruction that exhibit certain key features of this approach to teaching.