Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Home Visitation for Children With Externalizing Disorders: A Randomized Study

ABSTRACT Clinical home visitation (CHV) was empirically tested in a randomized study to determine if it could reduce a child's externalizing behaviors while alleviating parental stress. Clinic-referred waitlisted young children (n = 33) with symptoms suggesting an externalizing disorder were randomly offered a CHV intervention composed of a developmentally guided dyadic-centered syllabus. Families were recruited to participate in an experimental (n = 21) or control group (n = 12). Mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Child Behavior Checklist. Results of paired-samples t-tests indicated that postintervention aggression scores were significantly different from the pretest scores for the entire sample. The Difficult Child domain was the only significant PSI subscale. The results did not support definitive conclusions about CHV as an effective intervention to reduce an externalizing disorder or to alleviate parenting stress. Future research should include larger numbers of children with externalizing disorders pooled from the clinic-referred and community samples. To address the complexities involved in treating externalizing disorders, CHV could be offered as part of a multimodal intervention (e.g., CHV combined with parent and family education).
Novel extended Viterbi-based multiple-model algorithms for state estimation of discrete-time systems with Markov jump parameters

This paper considers a state estimation problem for discrete-time systems with Markov switching parameters. For this, the generalized pseudo-Bayesian second-order-extended Viterbi (GPB2-EV) and the interacting multiple-model-extended Viterbi (IMM-EV) algorithms are presented. The derivations of these new algorithms rely on a nontrival incorporation of some functional mechanisms of a new extended Viterbi algorithm into the GPB2 and the IMM methods for hypothesis reductions in order to improve computational efficiency and/or estimation performance. The IMM-EV (and the GPB2-EV) algorithm and the IMM (and the GPB2) algorithm have some common components, but their schemes for the calculation of weights and for the combination of the inputs and outputs are different. Indeed, the IMM-EV (and the GPB2-EV) algorithm spans the continuum from hard-decision methods with merged-hypothesis-tree style to the IMM (and the GPB2) algorithm inclusive. The proposed algorithms are well suited to state estimation problems in maneuvering target tracking. Simulations demonstrate that an IMM-EV algorithm can be an improvement to the IMM, the GPB2, and the variable-structure multiple model with likely-model set methods for tracking a target undergoing various types of maneuvers at some unknown times.
Codon Usage Bias and Effective Population Sizes on the X Chromosome versus the Autosomes in Drosophila melanogaster

Codon usage bias (CUB) in Drosophila is higher for X-linked genes than for autosomal genes. One possible explanation is that the higher effective recombination rate for genes on the X chromosome compared with the autosomes reduces their susceptibility to Hill–Robertson effects, and thus enhances the efficacy of selection on codon usage. The genome sequence of D. melanogaster was used to test this hypothesis. Contrary to expectation, it was found that, after correcting for the effective recombination rate, CUB remained higher on the X than on the autosomes. In contrast, an analysis of polymorphism data from a Rwandan population showed that mean nucleotide site diversity at 4-fold degenerate sites for genes on the X is approximately three-quarters of the autosomal value after correcting for the effective recombination rate, compared with approximate equality before correction. In addition, these data show that selection for preferred versus unpreferred synonymous variants is stronger on the X than the autosomes, which accounts for the higher CUB of genes on the X chromosome. This difference in the strength of selection does not appear to reflect the effects of dominance of mutations affecting codon usage, differences in gene expression levels between X and autosomes, or differences in mutational bias. Its cause therefore remains unexplained. The stronger selection on CUB on the X chromosome leads to a lower rate of synonymous site divergence compared with the autosomes; this will cause a stronger upward bias for X than A in estimates of the proportion of nonsynonymous mutations fixed by positive selection, for methods based on the McDonald–Kreitman test.
Culturally relevant political education: Using immigration as a catalyst for civic understanding.

In an analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress data, Niemi and Junn (1998) found that students in the United States know very little about politics. While this news may be unsettling to those who place a premium on engaged citizenship, it is hardly surprising given the general lack of political knowledge and civic interest among the American electorate that has been well documented within political science research (e.g., Delli Carpini, & Keeter, 1996; Hibbing & Theiss- Morse, 2002; Putnam, 2000). Yet, many of those concerned with this lack of political engagement in the United States point to the perpetually uninformed and politically lethargic 18-to-25-year-old voting bloc and argue that public education must do a better job of informing and engaging students in the political process (Macedo, Alex-Assensoh, Berry, Brintnall, Campbell, Fraga, Fung et al., 2005).
Do arrests and restraining orders work

Introduction - Eve S Buzawa and Carl G Buzawa Identifying Offenders in Criminal Justice Research on Domestic Assualt - Murray A Straus Constraints against Family Violence - Richard J Gelles How Well Do They Work? Does Arrest Deter Domestic Violence? - Janell D Schmidt and Lawrence W Sherman Realities and Implications of the Charlotte Spouse Abuse Experiment - J David Hirschel and Ira W Hutchison The Preventive Conceit - Peter K Manning The Black Box in Market Context Battered Women and the Criminal Justice System - Barbara Hart Mandatory Arrest of Batterers - Evan Stark A Reply to Its Critics The Role of Arrest in Domestic versus Stranger Assault - Eve S Buzawa, Thomas L Austin and Carl G Buzawa Is There a Difference? Prosecution Response to Domestic Violence - Donald J Rebovich Results of a Survey of Large Jurisdictions Re-Abuse in a Population of Court-Restrained Male Batterers - Andrew R Klein Why Restraining Orders Don't Work Effects of Restraining Orders on Domestic Violence Victims - Adele Harrell and Barbara E Smith Future Directions for Criminal Justice Policy on Domestic Violence - David A Ford et al
Integrating what & how / where with instrumental and Pavlovian learning A biologically based computational model

Skill learning and instrumental conditioning have a long association with the behaviorist research program and are often thought of in terms of rote learning of simple stimulus–response (S–R) associations based on external rewards. These forms of learning have also been strongly associated with the striatum of the basal ganglia, with different striatal regions apparently making various different contributions (Atallah, Frank, & O’Reilly, 2004; Featherstone & McDonald, 2004; Graybiel, 1998; Kantak, Green-Jordan, Valencia, Kremin, & Eichenbaum, 2001; O’Doherty, 2004; Packard, Hirsh, & White, 1989; Packard & McGaugh, 1992; Poldrack, Prabhakaran, Seger, & Gabrieli, 1999; Williams & Eskandar, 2006). In the influential multiple memory systems framework of Squire (1992) for example, the basal ganglia are associated with procedural “habit” learning. However, both aspects of this dogma are currently being challenged: in the early phase of learning instrumental conditioning actually requires considerable high-level cognitive function to discover which actions lead to reward delivery in novel situations, and this early-phase high-level cognitive function depends critically on the basal ganglia, whereas the cortex is more likely the site of more rote longer-term habit learning (Atallah et al., 2004; Frank, 2005; Houk & Wise, 1995; Loh, Pasupathy, Miller, & Deco, 2008; Pasupathy & Miller, 2005). Here, we describe a biologically based computational model that demonstrates how different regions of the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex contribute to this early learning. We focus our model on a specific set of recent data demonstrating striking dissociations in the contributions of the ventral striatum (VS) and dorsolateral striatum (DS) in a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task (Atallah, Lopez-Paniagua, Rudy, & O’Reilly, 2006). Systematic inactivation of VS or DS during or after task acquisition (see details below) lead Atallah et al. (2006) to the conclusion that the VS is essential for task acquisition but not for performance after task acquisition, and that the DS is important for the
M.H. Halstead's Software Science - a critical examination

Karl Popper has described the scientific method as “the method of bold conjectures and ingenious and severe attempts to refute them”. Software Science has made “bold conjectures” in postulating specific relationships between various 'metrics' of software code and in ascribing psychological interpretations to some of these metrics. This paper describes tests made on the validity of the relationships and interpretations which form the foundations of Software Science. The results indicate that the majority of them represent neither natural laws nor useful engineering approximations.
Human organic memory disorders

Brain damage can cause memory to break down in a number of different ways, the analysis of which can illuminate how the intact brain mediates memory processes. After first considering the problems involved in assessing memory, this book provisionally advances a taxonomy of elementary memory disorders and, for each in turn, reviews both the specific processes that are disrupted and the lesions responsible for the disruption. These disorders include short-term memory deficits, deficits in previously well-established memory, memory decifits caused by frontal lobe lesions, the organic amnesias, the disorders of conditioning and skill acquisition. Particular attention is paid to the organic amnesias, about which we know the most, and to the contributions of animal models to our knowledge. Andrew Mayes argues that the memory deficits found in several neurological and psychiatric syndromes comprise co-occurring elementary memory disorders. Finally, he outlines the implications of his taxonomy for our understanding of normal memory. A wide audience of researchers and students will find Human Organic Memory Disorders a helpful guide to a complex problem area.
A New Artificial Antigen of the Hepatitis E Virus

Abstract An artificial antigen composed of 12 small antigenic regions derived from the ORF2 and ORF3 HEV proteins was designed. The gene encoding for this artificial antigen was assembled from synthetic oligonucleotides by a new method called Restriction Enzyme-Assisted Ligation (REAL). The diagnostic relevance of this second generation HEV mosaic protein (HEV MA-II) was demonstrated by testing this antigen against a panel of 142 well defined anti-HEV positive and anti-HEV negative serum samples. The data obtained in this study support the substantial diagnostic potential of this HEV mosaic antigen.
On the Role of Pattern Matching in Information Theory

In this paper, the role of pattern matching in information theory is motivated and discussed. We describe the relationship between a pattern's recurrence time and its probability under the data-generating stochastic source. We show how this relationship has led to great advances in universal data compression. We then describe nonasymptotic uniform bounds on the performance of data-compression algorithms in cases where the size of the training data that is available to the encoder is not large enough so as to yield the asymptotic compression: the Shannon entropy. We then discuss applications of pattern matching and universal compression to universal prediction, classification, and entropy estimation.
Extensive Cutaneous Botryomycosis With Subsequent Development of Nocardia-Positive Wound Cultures

Botryomycosis is a rare, chronic granulomatous infection caused by a response to bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus. Cutaneous manifestations, such as subcutaneous nodules, nonhealing ulcers, or sinus tracks, typically occur following inoculation of bacteria after trauma. Drainage from the skin lesions may contain yellow grains resembling those seen in actinomycosis and nocardiosis. A 20-year-old Hispanic male presented over the course of several years with a chronic nonhealing left posterior scalp wound. A car hit the patient when he was 2 years old and injured the scalp in the location of the skin lesion. Multiple wound cultures grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and biopsies were consistent with botryomycosis. He was treated with multiple surgical debridements, skin grafts, and various courses of oral and intravenous antibiotics with slight improvement. One reason for poor response to therapy was noncompliance with long-term home antibiotics. The most recent tissue culture grew MRSA in addition to Nocardia mexicana, and he experienced improvement on linezolid and minocycline. Although it is important to exclude nocardiosis and actinomycosis when diagnosing botryomycosis, our patient was diagnosed with botryomycosis after multiple biopsies and positive MRSA cultures 2 years prior to 1 positive N mexicana culture. Our case is a unique presentation of botryomycosis in an individual who subsequently developed Nocardia-positive wound cultures.
A wireless sensor network implementation for an industrial environment

This paper reports the design and implementation of a system based on a wireless sensor network for measuring the temperature and pH in a tannery barrel. The prototype consists of a base node and two battery-powered remote sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are responsible for performing the measurements and transmit them via multi-hop radio links to a PC-connected base station. The system includes a user application running on a PC that can store and display data, and monitor and configure the system. The analysis of experimental data obtained in tests in the industrial plant shows that the system is capable of measuring pH in the range of 2 to 8 with an uncertainty of 0.1 pH, and temperature in the range of 10? C to 70? C with an uncertainty of 0.5? C. The main contribution of this work consists in adapting a system based on a wireless sensor network to an industrial environment.
Landscape ecological risk assessment in Yellow River Delta

The landscape ecological risk assessment has been widely used to describe and evaluate the possible effects of natural disasters or human activities on the landscape structure, function and process. Because of the wide spread of the saline-alkali land, the pollution of the oil exploiting and the serious damage of ecosystem, the landscape ecological risk is relatively low in the Yellow River Delta. In order to study the landscape ecological risk there, this paper assessed the landscape ecological risk assessment by building the loss index of ecosystem with the macroscopic landscape ecosystem as the ecological risk acceptor based on the six categories landscape structure data derived from the remote sensing images in 2000 and 2005, as well as the field survey data. The results indicated that the minimum landscape ecological risk appears in the cultivated land and the maximum landscape ecological risk is in the area of forest land, therefore, the control and management of forest land system should be taken advantage. The areas with higher landscape ecological risk accounted for about one third of the total area, and the areas with no landscape ecological risk accounted for about half of the total area in 2000. The landscape ecological risk has magnified conspicuously in 2005, with the degraded landscapes located mainly in the northern and middle part of Yellow River Delta. Despite of uncertainties, the research results can provide scientific reference information for the local landscape protection and have an important significance for the comprehensive control and management of ecological restoration of the local government.
A manually-labeled, artery/vein classified benchmark for the DRIVE dataset

The classification of retinal vessels into arteries and veins is an important step for the analysis of retinal vascular trees, for which the scientists have proposed several classification methods. An obvious concern regarding the strength of these methodologies is the closeness of the result of a particular method to the gold standard. Unfortunately, the research community lacks benchmarks, resulting in increased subjective error, biased opinion and an uncertain progress. This paper introduces a manually-labeled, artery/vein categorized gold standard image database, as an extension of the most widely used image set DRIVE. The labeling criterion is set after a careful analysis of the physiological facts about the retinal vascular system. In addition, the labeling process also includes several versions of original images to get certainty. A two-step validation phase consists of verification from the trained computer vision observers and a professional ophthalmologist, followed by a comparison with a gold standard set for the junction locations introduced in V4-Like filters. Our gold standard is in highly reliable form; offers research community for the result comparison and progress evaluation.
Implant retainers for free-end removable partial dentures affect mastication and nutrient intake.

OBJECTIVES This study measured swallowing threshold parameters and nutrient intake in partially dentate subjects rehabilitated by conventional free-end removable partial dentures (RPD) and by RPD over posterior implant retainers and ball attachments (BA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight subjects (two men and six women; mean age 60.1 ± 6.6 years old) received conventional total maxillary dentures and free-end RPD in the mandible. Two months after denture insertion, swallowing threshold and nutrient intake assessments occurred, which included an evaluation of the number of masticatory cycles and medium particle size (X₅₀) of a silicone test material (Optocal). A 3-day food diary verified nutrient intake based on a standard Brazilian Food Composition Table. Then, osseointegrated implants were placed bilaterally in the mandibular first molar region, followed by BA, which was fitted in the RPD bases after healing. After 2 months of the RPD over implants and BA use, variables were again assessed. Wilcoxon signed rank tests evaluated the data (P < 0.05). RESULTS Masticatory cycles did not differ (P > 0.05); however, subjects showed decreased X₅₀ values at the swallowing moment (P = 0.008) and increased daily energy (P = 0.008), carbohydrate (P = 0.016), protein (P = 0.023), calcium (P = 0.008), fiber (P = 0.016), and iron (P = 0.016) intake with RPD implants and BA inserts. No differences were found in fat consumption (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Implants and BA retainers over a free-end RPD resulted in smaller swallowed median particle size and improved nutrient intake.
What are the antecedents of coopetition?: An explanation in terms of centrality and personality traits

Purpose – Who is able to cooperate with his or her competitors? The coopetition is a relatively recent concept that is almost always studied at the inter-organizational level. To study coopetition at the individual and inter-individual levels, the authors will analyze the disposition of managers to compete and to cooperate as a function of their centrality to their network and also their personality traits. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of 110 trainee future managers (quantitative method), the paper shows that the network position and personality traits have different effects on propensity to compete and propensity to cooperate. Findings – The paper concludes that the network position has a strong effect on the propensity to compete and also on the propensity to cooperate, in contrast with that, personality traits are more relevant in the explanation of the propensity to cooperate. Originality/value – It seems there are individual and inter-individual.
Photoplethysmography-Based Method for Automatic Detection of Premature Ventricular Contractions

This work introduces a method for detection of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in photoplethysmogram (PPG). The method relies on 6 features, characterising PPG pulse power, and peak-to-peak intervals. A sliding window approach is applied to extract the features, which are later normalized with respect to an estimated heart rate. Artificial neural network with either linear and non-linear outputs was investigated as a feature classifier. PhysioNet databases, namely, the MIMIC II and the MIMIC, were used for training and testing, respectively. After annotating the PPGs with respect to synchronously recorded electrocardiogram, two main types of PVCs were distinguished: with and without the observable PPG pulse. The obtained sensitivity and specificity values for both considered PVC types were 92.4/99.9% and 93.2/99.9%, respectively. The achieved high classification results form a basis for a reliable PVC detection using a less obtrusive approach than the electrocardiography-based detection methods.
Rubrobacter aplysinae sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain RV113(T)) was isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain RV113(T) belongs to the genus Rubrobacter, and is related most closely to Rubrobacter bracarensis VF70612_S1(T) (96.9% similarity) and more distantly related (<93%) to all other species of the genus Rubrobacter. The peptidoglycan diamino acid was lysine. Strain RV113(T) exhibited a quinone system with menaquinone MK-8 as the predominant compound. The polar lipid profile of strain RV113(T) consisted of the major compounds phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. The major fatty acid was anteiso-C17 : 0ω9c. These chemotaxonomic traits are in agreement with those of other species of the genus Rubrobacter. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of strain RV113(T) from all recognized Rubrobacter species. Strain RV113(T) is thus considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Rubrobacter aplysinae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RV113(T) ( = DSM 27440(T) = CECT 8425(T)).
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL CONTROL AND INSTRUCTIONS ON GENERALIZED IMITATION

This research attempted to evaluate the role of social and instructional variables in the development'of generalized imitation. Recent research has suggested that both social and instructional vari­ ables are important in the maintenance of generalized imitation; however, there is little data to support the importance of either variable in the development of generalized imitation. It was hypothesized that if social and instructional variables were minimized in a generalized imitation paradigm, that generalized imitation would not be produced until social and/or instructional controls were increased in their saliency; thus establishing a case for the importance of social and/or instructional variables in the development, as well as in the maintenance, of gen­ eralized imitation. Experiment I demonstrated that two out of three sub­ jects responded differentially with the third subject responding differen­ tially after being reinforced for not responding to the S-delta stimuli. However, the introduction of social control did not appreciably effect the frequency of responding to the S-delta stimuli. Consequently, it was concluded that social control (i.e., the presence of the experimenter) is not a sufficient condition for the development of generalized imitation. Experiment II was an attempt to evaluate the role of instructions in the development of generalized imitation. Once differential responding was