Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Costs of Goal Imagery: The Moderating Role of Fear of Failure

The aim of the present study was to identify conditions under which positive goal imagery (i.e., imagining the successful attainment of a desired personal goal) leads to decreased motivation to pursue a goal. Students who had to take an important exam within the next 12 months either imagined achieving a high grade, or reflected on their current situation of not yet having passed the exam, or contrasted positive goal imagery with reflections on reality. Following the imagery exercise, students rated which grade they actually expected to attain. Time spent studying a guideline for effective preparation for exams served as a behavioral indicator of motivation. Results indicate that positive goal imagery raised grade expectations in individuals low (but not in those high) in fear of failure. Also, individuals low in fear of failure showed a low level of motivation after contrasting positive goal imagery with reality, while individuals high in fear of failure were least motivated to prepare for the exam after imagining successful goal attainment. The discussion addresses mechanisms which might mediate these effects and specifies the types of goals these effects may be limited to.
Level up with Multimodal Composition in Social Studies.

Students find multimodal composing highly engaging. Even with students’ investment in designing multimodal texts, the teaching process is complex. The purpose for writing, audience, and genre must be considered in relation to the modes, digital authoring and presentation tools, and technology devices that are available to the composer. This column explores multimodal composition teaching in the context of a fourth-grade social studies classroom and offers suggestions for making this kind of teaching feasible, engaging, and productive.
The Varying Role of Voter Information Across Democratic Societies

Using new robust matching methods for making causal inferences from survey data, I demonstrate that there are profound differences between how voters behave in advanced democracies versus how they behave in new electoral democracies. The problems of voter ignorance and inattentiveness are not as serious in advanced democracies as many analysts have suggested but are of grave concern in new democracies. Citizens in advanced democracies are able to accomplish something that citizens in fledgling democracies are not: inattentive and poorly informed citizens are able to vote like their better informed compatriots and hence need to pay little attention to political events such as election campaigns in order to vote as if they were attentive. The results from the U.S. (which rely on various National Election Studies) and Mexico (2000 Panel Study) are reported in detail. Results from other countries are briefly reported. “The people should have as little to do as may be about the government. They lack information and are constantly liable to be misled. ” —Roger Sherman, June 7, 1787 at the Federal Constitutional Convention (Collier 1971) “In a crowd men always tend to the same level, and, on general questions, a vote, recorded by forty academicians is no better than that of forty water-carriers. ” —Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd (1896, 200)
On extraction of self-heating features in UTBB SOI MOSFETs

In this work UTBB devices with different BOX thicknesses of 10 and 25 nm are compared in terms of self-heating (SH) effect Different approaches of SH characterisation are assessed. Strengths and weaknesses of every extraction technique when applied to advanced UTBB MOSFETs are discussed. We show that while thermal effects are important even in devices with ultra-thin BOX, the resulting drain current degradation is not severe and is not considerably affected by BOX thickening from 10 to 25 nm. The main SH-related issue is output conductance degradation, which is of great importance for analogue applications.
H2O: a hands-free adaptive store

Modern state-of-the-art database systems are designed around a single data storage layout. This is a fixed decision that drives the whole architectural design of a database system, i.e., row-stores, column-stores. However, none of those choices is a universally good solution; different workloads require different storage layouts and data access methods in order to achieve good performance. In this paper, we present the H2O system which introduces two novel concepts. First, it is flexible to support multiple storage layouts and data access patterns in a single engine. Second, and most importantly, it decides on-the-fly, i.e., during query processing, which design is best for classes of queries and the respective data parts. At any given point in time, parts of the data might be materialized in various patterns purely depending on the query workload; as the workload changes and with every single query, the storage and access patterns continuously adapt. In this way, H2O makes no a priori and fixed decisions on how data should be stored, allowing each single query to enjoy a storage and access pattern which is tailored to its specific properties. We present a detailed analysis of H2O using both synthetic benchmarks and realistic scientific workloads. We demonstrate that while existing systems cannot achieve maximum performance across all workloads, H2O can always match the best case performance without requiring any tuning or workload knowledge.
Nerve influence on rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle regeneration

The degeneration-regeneration process induced by bupivacaine injection has been studied in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in the presence or absence of nerve, the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-induced block of nerve impulse conduction, and the presence of vinblastine-induced block of nerve axoplasmic flow associated to TTX block. Seven and 14 days after bupivacaine injection, myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Type 1 MHC isoform expression was almost completely dependent on nerve impulse discharge. Expression of the type 2A showed a zonal distribution in denervated muscles, and a marked down-regulation in the TTX-paralysed, but not in TTXvinblastine-treated muscles. These results show that expression of type 2A isoform in innervated-regenerated fast muscle is mainly due to neuromotor activity. They also suggest that 2A isoform expression is inhibited by a chemical factor carried by axoplasmic flow.
Teachers as writers: learning together

Abstract This paper reports upon the insights gained through working with teachers as writers at their own level. As part of a two-year research project into the development of children’s voice and verve in writing, a group of fourteen teachers’ reflective journeys as writers were documented. Two other groups of teachers and one group of student teachers also took part in writers’ workshops across the same period. The data encompassed: questionnaires, observations and teacher commentaries on their own writing, as well as interviews. A number of issues emerged, including: the tension between public and private writing and the security of the writing environment; authenticity in modelling writing; the importance of re-reading writing at the point of composition; the significance of choice and autonomy in writing and the potency of drama as an ideational and reflective tool. The consequences for classroom practice are also considered. It is argued that in order to enhance the teaching of writing, teachers and student teachers need real opportunities to write at their own level and reflect upon the process.
Peer networks and bullying in schools

This study looked at how the social constellations in school classes relate to bullying problems. Using peer-evaluation questionnaires, the peer networks of children with different participant roles (such as victim, bully, assistant of bully, reinforcer of bully, defender of victim, outsider) were explored. The subjects were 459 sixth-grade-children (218 girls, 241 boys), aged 11 to 12 years, in Finland. The main findings were: 1) Children who tended to behave in either similar or complementary participant roles in situations of bullying formed networks with each other. The individual child’s behavior in bullying situations was strongly connected to how the members of his:her network behaved in such situations. 2) Bullies, assistants, and reinforcers belonged to larger networks than did defenders, outsiders and victims. 3) Children outside the networks were most often victims. It was concluded that behavior in bullying situations can be said to be one feature around which the peer networks in school classes are organized. Thus prevention, as well as intervention strategies against bullying should focus not only on individual children, but also on the wider social context of the class.
Beta-Negative Binomial Process and Poisson Factor Analysis

A beta-negative binomial (BNB) process is proposed, leading to a beta-gamma-Poisson process, which may be viewed as a \multiscoop" generalization of the beta-Bernoulli process. The BNB process is augmented into a beta-gamma-gamma-Poisson hierarchical structure, and applied as a nonparametric Bayesian prior for an innite Poisson factor analysis model. A nite approximation for the beta process L evy random measure is constructed for convenient implementation. Ecient MCMC computations are performed with data augmentation and marginalization techniques. Encouraging results are shown on document count matrix factorization.
A re-evaluation of the origin and setting of the Late Precambrian Hammamat Group based on SHRIMP U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from Gebel Umm Tawat, North Eastern Desert, Egypt

A sample from near the base of the sedimentary Hammamat Group at Gebel Umm Tawat, North Eastern Desert, Egypt, contains detrital zircons with sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb ages as young as 585 ± 13 Ma. This age is within error of recent SHRIMP dates from the adjacent Dokhan Volcanic Series and establishes that they contributed material to the sediments. It is also c. 45 Ma younger than any zircon analysed from the upper part of the sedimentary sequence, suggesting that the volcanic source was either totally eroded or lay buried beneath the evolving Hammamat Group. Zircon populations in both samples show age peaks at 640 and 680 Ma; the former not previously identified as the time of major igneous activity in the North Eastern Desert. Both samples also contain zircons with ages ranging between c. 750 and c. 2630 Ma, indicating contributions from Proterozoic and Archaean sources unknown in the North Eastern Desert. The source of these zircons may lie to the SE in the Central and South Eastern Desert, to the SW in the Nile Craton, where sparse zircons of this age have previously been recorded, or they may be derived from further afield in the Arabian–Nubian Shield, from earlier continental nuclei incorporated during crustal accretion. Alternatively, as sedimentary clasts in the Hammamat samples indicate erosion of earlier sedimentary rocks, also unknown in the area, these may have been the direct source of the older zircons. However, whichever interpretation is correct, it appears likely that the Hammamat Group was deposited in a major fluvial system of continental proportions and not in isolated basins as previously believed.
Are you my guest or my child? Mothers' uncertainties in interacting with their returnee children in China

In a rapidly globalizing world that allows freer temporary movement between nations, issues of entry into new national spaces and reentry into previous ones are common adaptation processes for many individuals and families. This study explores the experiences of mothers in China interacting with their returnee children during their short-term reentry after several years of studying abroad. The analysis of data from qualitative interviews shows that mothers experienced uncertainties about how to understand and interact with their “culturally transformed” children and that they tried to manage such uncertainties through discourse. Since reentry experiences are conjointly produced by returnees and their significant others through social interaction, effective uncertainty management through more open and direct communication may be conducive to resolving relational conflicts during reentry. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Fitness correlates of male coloration in a Lake Victoria cichlid fish

Sexual selection by female choice has contributed to the rapid evolution of phenotypic diversity in the cichlid fish species flocks of East Africa. Yet, very little is known about the ecological mechanisms that drive the evolution of female mating preferences. We studied fitness correlates of male nuptial coloration in a member of a diverse Lake Victoria cichlid lineage, Pundamilia nyererei. In this species, male red coloration is subject to intraspecific sexual selection by female mate choice. Male nuptial coloration plays a critical role also in reproductive isolation between this species and the closely related sympatric species P. pundamilia. Here, we show that P. nyererei male coloration is carotenoid based, illustrating the potential for honest signaling of individual quality. In a wild population, we found that variation in male coloration was not associated with variation in a set of strongly intercorrelated indicators of male dominance: male size, territory size, and territory location. Instead, the 2 male characters that predominantly determine female choice, territory size and red coloration, may be independent predictors of male quality: males with bright red coloration and large territories had lower parasite infestation rates. As a result, female preferences tended to select against heavily parasitized males. Consistent with parasite-mediated sexual selection, males had higher and more variable parasite loads than females. Copyright 2006.
Targeting Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase by a Simple siRNA Expression Cassette in HepG2 Cells

Background: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has become an ideal target for development of anticancer therapy. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are very powerful reagents for gene silencing and show promise for cancer gene therapy. However, only a small number of siRNAs have been demonstrated to be effective. For gene therapy targeting hTERT, it is essential to develop a robust system to fully explore the power of siRNAs. Objectives: We explored a siRNA expression cassette (SEC) to screen highly effective RNAi-targeted sequences for gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: An SEC was developed by flanking H1 and U6 promoters in opposite directions at the siRNA-encoding sequence. Eight SECs specific to hTERT were designed by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and transfected into HepG2 cells with calcium phosphate. The telomerase activity was determined by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) silver staining and TRAP real-time PCR analysis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hTERT were determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell apoptosis was measured by the annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) assay coupled with flow cytometry. Results: Eight hTERT-specific SECs (SEC-1-8) were successfully constructed. In comparison to that of the negative control SEC, the hTERT-specific SECs, especially, SEC-4, SEC-5, SEC-7 and SEC-8 significantly reduced the activity of hTERT in HepG2 cells at 48 hours after transfection. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of hTERT as well as the cell viability were significantly reduced by SECs. Knockdown of hTERT by SECs in HepG2 cells led to cell apoptosis. Conclusions: Our developed simple SEC was a powerful strategy for screening highly effective RNAi-targeted sequences and showed promise for gene therapy of HCC.
Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings

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Clonotypic Light Chain Peptides Identified for Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma without Bone Marrow Aspiration.

BACKGROUND Analytically sensitive techniques for measuring minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM) currently require invasive and costly bone marrow aspiration. These methods include immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and next-generation sequencing. An ideal MM MRD test would be a serum-based test sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of Ig secreted from multifocal lesions. METHODS Patient serum with abundant M-protein before treatment was separated on a 1-dimensional SDS-PAGE gel, and the Ig light-chain (LC) band was excised, trypsin digested, and analyzed on a Q Exactive mass spectrometer by LC-MS/MS. We used the peptide's abundance and sequence to identify tryptic peptides that mapped to complementary determining regions of Ig LCs. The clonotypic target tryptic peptides were used to monitor MRD in subsequent serum samples with prior affinity enrichment. RESULTS Sixty-two patients were tested, 20 with no detectable disease by IHC and 42 with no detectable disease by 6-color flow cytometry. A target peptide that could be monitored was identified in 57 patients (91%). Of these 57, detectable disease by LC-MS/MS was found in 52 (91%). CONCLUSIONS The ability to use LC-MS/MS to measure disease in patients who are negative by bone marrow-based methodologies indicates that a serum-based approach has more analytical sensitivity and may be useful for measuring deeper responses to MM treatment. The method requires no bone marrow aspiration.
EMERGING FORMS OF CULTURAL CAPITAL

ABSTRACT This paper takes stock of recent research on patterns of cultural engagement in various European nations, with specific reference to British and Danish research. It argues that Bourdieu's original theorisation of cultural capital in ‘Distinction’ needs to be significantly updated to register the decline of ‘highbrow’ culture which these studies reveal. However, we argue that this shift does not entail the erosion of cultural capital itself, or the rise of the ‘cultural omnivore’, so much as the emergence of a form of ‘cosmopolitan cultural capital’. We argue that this emerging cultural capital can be associated with the partial creation of a European field and testifies to the continued stakes of cultural engagement today
To Go or Not to Go: Rural African American Students' Perspectives about Their Education.

When I was growing up, there was never a thought in my mind about whether or not I would go to school. It was a given that I was going to go to school every day as long as my parents were alive and the Lord woke me up in good health. There was no room for negotiation about my being there. For my family, getting some kind of education is not something one does in order to climb social ladders or get a job that pays a high salary; rather, it is viewed as what one must do to be prepared for life and for harmonious existence with other human beings. By the time I was in high school, I went to school not so much with the idea of memorizing or accepting the bulk of information that was presented to me day after day, but to learn to play by the rules and the accepted norms of my society. My family is African American and middle-class with a mommy, a daddy, and two kids, a home that we owned, two cars, electric lights, heat, plenty of food-you know, a "Happy Days" family, only Black. As I was growing up, I thought everybody else had these things simply because they needed them. Needless to say, neither my family nor the schools I attended during my youth did anything to broaden my limited view of the world. This is probably the case for most middle-class youth, White or Black. Nothing about the educational process is challenged because children from middle-class, two-parent homes have been conditioned to fit into the educational system so nicely that they usually transit the system kink-free. Lynch (1979) points out in his research that, contrary to studies which assert that biological reproduction is the family's primary function, the family's reproduction tasks extend into the area of preserving culture and social cohesion as well. Thus, the family serves as a means to an end for the schools by facilitating the maintenance of the educational status quo. For poor kids, especially African American ones who may not have lived the "Happy Days" life, the differences between the rules and expectations of the school and the home are miles apart. According to Fine (1991), poor adolescents "are faced with a set of social circumstances