Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing lived religious citizenship: a case-study of Christian and Muslim women in Norway and the United Kingdom

The concept of ‘religious citizenship’ is increasingly being used by scholars, but there are few attempts at defining it. This article argues that rights-based definitions giving primacy to status and rights are too narrow, and that feminist approaches to citizenship foregrounding identity, belonging and participation, as well as an ethic of care, provide a more comprehensive understanding of how religious women understand and experience their own ‘religious citizenship’. Findings from interviews with Christian and Muslim women in Oslo and Leicester suggest a close relationship between religious women's faith and practice (‘lived religion’) and their ‘lived citizenship’. However, gender inequalities and status differences between majority and minority religions produce challenges to rights-based approaches to religious citizenship.
When are Achievement Goal Orientations Beneficial for Academic Achievement? A Closer Look at Main Effects and Moderating Factors

Resume Pour aborder le debat a propos de la relation entre les buts de maitrise et de performance-approche et la reussite academique, plus de 90 articles parus dans des revues a comite de lecture ont ete examines. Dans les etudes mesurant les orientations de but auto-rapportees, environ 40 % des effets rapportes indiquent une relation positive entre buts de maitrise et reussite, et moins de 5 % indiquent une relation negative. De meme, environ 40 % des liens observes entre buts de performance-approche et reussite sont positifs alors qu’environ 5 % sont negatifs. Dans les etudes experimentales, environ 20 % des effets sont a l’avantage des conditions de buts de maitrise, 10 % sont a l’avantage des buts de performance-approche, alors que les 70 % restant ne montrent aucun effet de la condition de buts. Les caracteristiques de la tâche (type de tâche academique, difficulte de la tâche), les variables psychologiques (competence percue, buts multiples), et les differences individuelles (capacites, âge, genre, culture) sont examinees comme moderateurs potentiels de ces effets.
Urban Homicide in the United States, 1980-2010

Using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) mortality and census data with Supplementary Homicide Reports, we compare 25- and 30-year homicide trends for four age-race-sex categories in 172 U.S. cities. The comparisons indicate that one of the most salient aspects of homicide in the United States from 1980 to 2010 was the disproportionate involvement of young Black men as homicide victims and offenders. The persistence of these rates before, during, and after a sharp rise followed by a dramatic drop in the overall rates suggests the need for a focus on specific explanations for this aspect of urban homicide.
Effect of p‐Chloroamphetamine on 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT7 Serotonin Receptor Expression in Rat Brain

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate if p‐chloroamphetamine (PCA), which is neurotoxic to serotonin (5‐HT) nerve terminals, was able to induce, like 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, a region‐specific regulation of 5‐HT1A receptor mRNA expression. The effect of PCA on the expression of 5‐HT7 receptors, which share some pharmacological properties with 5‐HT1A receptors, was comparatively studied. PCA (2 × 5 mg/kg) produced a lasting depletion of 5‐HT content in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. In the hippocampus, the maximal 5‐HT depletion was found on day 21 (‐70%), whereas in the cortex, the highest 5‐HT depletion was found on day 14 (‐73%), with a partial but significant recovery on day 21. At the latter time point, 5‐HT1A receptor mRNA expression was increased by 80% in the cortex and decreased by 50% in the hippocampus. The 5‐HT1A receptor mRNA expression was also enhanced after exposure to PCA of rat cortical but not of hippocampal primary cultures. In regard to 5‐HT7 receptor mRNA expression, the most remarkable change after PCA was the great increase (+200%) in the brainstem. Binding studies to 5‐HT1A receptors matched the changes in receptor mRNA expression. Gel shift assays revealed enhanced nuclear protein binding to the κB sequence with use of cortical but not hippocampal extracts of PCA‐treated rats. Overall, the data show region‐specific changes in 5‐HT receptor‐type expression that may not be entirely dependent on the neurotoxic effect of PCA on 5‐HT terminals.
THE USE OF EVALUATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A STAFFED RESIDENTIAL SERVICE FOR ADULTS WITH MENTAL HANDICAP

Although there is widespread acceptance that services should be evaluated there is little evidence that evaluations have much influence on services. This study reports an evaluation which was designed specifically to influence development in a residential service for adults with mental handicap. A rationale is provided for the design of the evaluation and the subsequent evaluation process and methodology is described. Results are presented which show that ‘second generation’ services can achieve levels of performance similar to those reported by ‘exemplary’ projects on such measures as client engagement and staff interaction. Equally, the marked variability in results across the district-wide service indicated both the need and the scope for significant improvements. The consequences of feeding back this information to management are described. Finally the practicability and usefulness of this type of evaluation are discussed.
Neither flower child nor artiste be: aesthetics, ability and physical education

This paper examines the meaning of ability in the context of dance education, in part, via the lens of aesthetic education, a reasonably well-developed body of ideas, and asks what it means to be ‘aesthetically able’. While aesthetic education tends to focus on aesthetic appreciation, it does also deal with a person's capacity to respond to the world in aesthetic ways. But as well as trying to clarify what ability might mean from an aesthetic point of view, this paper also engages with Evans’ (2004) agenda setting paper in which he challenges the field of physical education to refocus discussion on the ways we conceptualise ability and, by extension, how our educational practices are shaped by our ideas about ability. For aesthetics and dance, I take this as a challenge to think about whether ‘aesthetic ability’ is valued in physical education and what kinds of abilities or (as Evans might say) ‘capital’ are privileged in different approaches to teaching dance and physical education.
Ephaptic Interactions in the Mammalian Olfactory System

Ephaptic coupling refers to interactions between neurons mediated by current flow through the extracellular space. Ephaptic interactions between axons are considered negligible, because of the relatively large extracellular space and the layers of myelin that separate most axons. By contrast, olfactory nerve axons are unmyelinated and arranged in tightly packed bundles, features that may enhance ephaptic coupling. We tested the hypothesis that ephaptic interactions occur in the mammalian olfactory nerve with the use of a computational approach. Numerical solutions of models of axon fascicles show that significant ephaptic interactions occur for a range of physiologically relevant parameters. An action potential in a single axon can evoke action potentials in all other axons in the fascicle. Ephaptic interactions can also lead to synchronized firing of independently stimulated axons. Our findings suggest that ephaptic interactions may be significant determinants of the olfactory code and that such interactions may occur in other, similarly organized axonal or dendritic bundles.
Recovery during a short period of respite: The interactive roles of mindfulness and respite experiences

Abstract Work-induced exhaustion and diminished vigour require recovery periods to offset future deleterious consequences for mental and physical health. It is therefore important to understand the factors that effect recovery. This study sought insight into the roles of the personal trait of mindfulness (which refers to paying attention to present experiences) and situational circumstances (respite experiences) that facilitate recovery during a short period of respite, expressed in decreased exhaustion and increased vigour. Two hundred nursing employees from 27 units of a hospital in the northern part of Israel responded to three sets of questionnaires before, during and after two-day periods of respite. Results showed that the nurses' level of exhaustion decreased and level of vigour increased after the short respite, indicating a successful recovery. Mixed Linear Model analyses identified the nature of respite activities and experiences (fewer non-work hassles and relaxation) and mindfulness as crucial catalysts of the recovery process. Mindfulness moderated the effects of non-work hassles and relaxation experiences on the levels of exhaustion and vigour after the short respites. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings for the recovery process are discussed.
Technical review of characterization methods for thermal interface Materials (TIM)

There is a need for standard TIM characterization technique for notebook specific applications. The current standard method, ASTM D5470 tester neglects the usage conditions encountered in mobile specific applications. In addition, characterizing "Beginning of Life" performance of TIMs is not sufficient as performance can degrade with usage. This paper emphasizes the importance of considering TIM degradation in mobile applications. Various TIM characterization approaches prevalent in industry are discussed in this paper. There is also wide disparity in testing methodologies used across industry to evaluate its performance maps with usage. A set of characterization techniques for better TIM evaluation practices are suggested.
Chicken Little and the Recorded Music Crisis

For the past few years, the recorded music industry has blamed the "falloff" in CD sales on piracy and they have lobbied heavily against technologies like file-sharing and CD writers. The author is against piracy and in favor of artists being paid for their work, but before adding special-purpose restrictive hardware to everyone's computer, he suggests that we recognize that this is an old story. Music sales have declined in the past, and the recording industry has repeatedly blamed new technologies. But the new technologies have not gone away: the solution has always been some kind of economic bargain, and we should again expect an economic bargain to deal with the problems caused by online music distribution.
Clinical profile , risk factors and aetiology of young ischaemic stroke patients in Asia : A prospective , multicentre , observational , hospital-based study in eight cities 1

Background and Objective: There is a lack of international collaborative studies on young adults with ischaemic stroke in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors, aetiology and outcome at hospital discharge of these patients across 8 participating countries in Asia. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, multicentre, hospital based cohort study. Consecutive young stroke patients with confirmed cerebral infarction between the ages of 18-49 were recruited from December 2011 to May 2012. Data was collected for patient demography, risk factors, investigations, clinical profile and TOAST classification. Outcome measures were death and independence (modified Rankin score≤ 2) at hospital discharge. Results: Two hundred and eighteen patients with the mean age was 40.8±6.7 years were recruited. There was a larger proportion of male patients with a ratio of 1.9:1. Traditional risk factors observed were hypertension (n=103; 47.3%), dyslipidaemia (n=93; 42.4%), smoking (n=85; 38.8%), diabetes (n=53; 24.3%), alcohol use (n=33; 15.0%), a previous history of stroke and transient ischaemic attacks (6.4%), family history (n=12; 5.5%), migraine (n=6;2.8%), pregnancy related (n=5; 2.3%) and numerous cardiac risk factors (0.9-5.5%). The majority suffered arterial infarction; n=216 (99.4%) while n=2 (0.6%) had venous strokes. The predominant stroke subtypes were large artery atherosclerosis (LAA); 29.8% and small vessel occlusion (SVO); 20.2%. LAA and SVO accounted for 37.5% of all stroke subtypes in the ≤36 year age-group. Cardioembolism (15.1%) and stroke of determined aetiology (14.7%) contributed to the other categories of identified stroke subtypes. Mortality on hospital discharge was 3.1% while 65.1% of patients were independent on discharge. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the substantial presence of premature atherosclerosis and conventional risk factors in young ischaemic stroke patients from 8 Asian cities. Venous infarction from cerebral venous thrombosis was rare in this study. Outcome on hospital discharge was poorer compared to Western studies. Detection of vascular risk factors and primary prevention measures should be initiated during late adolescence or early adulthood in urban Asia. Neurology Asia 2014; 19(2) : 117 – 127
Perceived Object Stability Depends on Multisensory Estimates of Gravity

Background How does the brain estimate object stability? Objects fall over when the gravity-projected centre-of-mass lies outside the point or area of support. To estimate an object's stability visually, the brain must integrate information across the shape and compare its orientation to gravity. When observers lie on their sides, gravity is perceived as tilted toward body orientation, consistent with a representation of gravity derived from multisensory information. We exploited this to test whether vestibular and kinesthetic information affect this visual task or whether the brain estimates object stability solely from visual information. Methodology/Principal Findings In three body orientations, participants viewed images of objects close to a table edge. We measured the critical angle at which each object appeared equally likely to fall over or right itself. Perceived gravity was measured using the subjective visual vertical. The results show that the perceived critical angle was significantly biased in the same direction as the subjective visual vertical (i.e., towards the multisensory estimate of gravity). Conclusions/Significance Our results rule out a general explanation that the brain depends solely on visual heuristics and assumptions about object stability. Instead, they suggest that multisensory estimates of gravity govern the perceived stability of objects, resulting in objects appearing more stable than they are when the head is tilted in the same direction in which they fall.
Physiological signalling to myosin phosphatase targeting subunit‐1 phosphorylation in ileal smooth muscle

The extent of myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation (RLC) necessary for smooth muscle contraction depends on the respective activities of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), which contains a regulatory subunit MYPT1 bound to the phosphatase catalytic subunit and myosin. MYPT1 showed significant constitutive T696 and T853 phosphorylation, which is predicted to inhibit MLCP activity in isolated ileal smooth muscle tissues, with additional phosphorylation upon pharmacological treatment with the muscarinic agonist carbachol. Electrical field stimulation (EFS), which releases ACh from nerves, increased force and RLC phosphorylation but not MYPT1 T696 or T853 phosphorylation. The conditional knockout of MYPT1 or the knockin mutation T853A in mice had no effect on the frequency‐maximal force responses to EFS in isolated ileal tissues. Physiological RLC phosphorylation and force development in ileal smooth muscle depend on myosin light chain kinase and MLCP activities without changes in constitutive MYPT1 phosphorylation.
Performance Benefits From Providing Assistance in Networks: Relationships That Generate Learning

Social network scholarship emphasizes that receiving resources from others in a network can benefit an individual’s job performance. Yet this paradigm rarely considers the effects on the provider of assistance. Outside the networks literature, scholars have been increasingly attentive to factors that affect motivations to provide help (i.e., prosocial motivation). However, the performance effects associated with providing help have been mixed. We concentrate specifically upon assistance that has the potential to enhance the providers’ learning and knowledge base and, hence, their performance. Using a bounded-network survey in a large consulting firm, we show that providing problem-solving assistance to many others on task-related matters increases the provider’s own work performance. We then consider how this learning may be affected by other relational and contextual factors. In so doing, we shift the predominant network perspective that people accrue performance advantages from receiving assistance to show that such advantages also occur—under the right circumstances—from providing it.
A Classroom-Based Antecedent Intervention Reduces Obsessive-Repetitive Behavior in an Adolescent With Autism

Obsessive-repetitive behavior is a core feature of autism and represented the presenting complaint for Robert, a 15-year-old boy with autism. Robert's constant rearrangement of objects interfered with his participation in classroom activities, and this behavior was successfully reduced by providing structured opportunities to select and use preferred leisure activities. Provision of structured leisure opportunities could be conceptualized as an antecedent intervention that includes differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior. Although the treatment was generally successful, follow-up data indicated that long-term maintenance could be lacking. This treatment can be recommended given that it appears to be efficacious for applied settings, relatively benign, and easy to implement.
Australian online newspapers: a website content analysis approach to measure interactivity

This paper addresses the growth and development of the concept of interactivity in online newspapers from the perspectives of computer-mediated communication, journalism, advertising, and information system. This paper discusses the concept of interactivity that originated in the work of Heeter. The study maps Heeter’s dimensions (content, availability and choice, communication opportunity, effort of users, responsiveness, and customisation and management of information) in the contemporary setting of the Australian online newspaper industry. The researchers reviewed 12 Australian online newspapers in two snapshots using a website content analysis approach. The results are the basis for discussion as to the level of interactivity in Australian online newspapers. Content availability and choice was found to be the most significant element of interactivity. It is noted that, while the majority of Australian online newspapers offer interactive functionality for expressing opinions, blogging, contests and polls, only one online newspaper provided genuine interactive gaming.
Neoliberalism, Policy Reforms and Higher Education in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has introduced neoliberal policies since the 1970s. Military regimes, since the dramatic political changes in 1975, accelerated the process. A succession of military rulers made rigorous changes in policy-making in various sectors. This article uses a critical approach to document analysis and examines the perceptions of key stakeholders to explore how the International Financial Institutions (IFIs), and the economic and political interests of the ruling civil-military elites, worked together to consolidate power and adopt neoliberal policy in various sectors. Moreover, the democratic regimes, since the 1990s, have continued to implement neoliberal policies with support from the IFIs. As part of neoliberalism, the democratic regimes initiated a market-driven economic policy in the higher education sector in the 1990s. The neoliberal transformation of policies has brought major changes in the higher education sector in recent times. This article aims to examine and report on these changes.
Comparison of Needle Deviation During Regional Anesthetic Techniques in a Laboratory Model

Although many characteristics of needles used for spinal and epidural anesthesia have been studied extensively, the amount that a needle deviates from a straight path while passing through tissue has been relatively ignored.A laboratory model was used to determine the amount of needle deviation produced when different types of new spinal needles and epidural needles were passed through porcine tissue. Both needle point design and, to a lesser extent, needle gauge were found to influence the amount and direction of needle deviation. Deviation was found to be the least for the pencil-point spinal needles (Whitacre, Sprotte Registered Trademark, Safetap Trademark, range 0.60-1.00 mm/50 mm tissue, analysis of variance (ANOVA) P < 0.001). Needles commonly used for epidural anesthesia (Tuohy, Hustead, Crawford) exhibited increased deviation (range 1.73-3.54 mm/50 mm tissue), although the largest amount was seen with beveled spinal needles (Quincke, Atraucan Registered Trademark) (range 4.42-5.90 mm/50 mm tissue). The possible clinical significance of needle deviation during the performance of a regional anesthetic is discussed. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:630-3)
The Algebraic Structure of Cellular Automata

0.Introduction The effort to effectively model and better understand complexity in all of its varied phenomenal permutations is one of the foremost goals of modern science. Recently, cellular automata and related computational models have been used to successfully explore the complexity of general abstract systems. Contemporary research suggests that there are universal principles – a fortiori, simple atomic “programs” – that apply operationally to systems throughout the natural world. [9] This paper is a modest attempt to taxonomize a small subset of these abstract systems using algebraic techniques. The results that follow are based primarily on John Pedersen‟s paper “Cellular Automata as Algebraic Systems” and Stephen Wolfram‟s related work with Cellular Automata.