Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral Spray Immunization May Be an Alternative to Intranasal Vaccine Delivery to Induce Systemic Antibodies but not Nasal Mucosal or Cellular Immunity

Sixty‐five healthy adult volunteers were immunized four times at 1‐week intervals with an inactivated whole‐virus influenza vaccine based on the strain A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) without adjuvant. The vaccine was administered as nasal spray with a newly developed device to secure intranasal delivery (OptiMist™, OptiNose AS, Oslo, Norway), as regular nasal spray, nasal drops or as an oral spray. Significant IgA‐antibody responses in nasal secretions were induced in volunteers immunized intranasally but not after oral spray immunization. In saliva, IgA antibodies were only marginally amplified even after oral spray immunizations. At least 73% of the volunteers belonging to any group of vaccine delivery reached serum haemagglutination inhibition titres of 40 or higher, considered protective against influenza, after only two vaccine doses. Those who had the vaccine delivered intranasally also showed evidence from in vitro secretion of granzyme B that cytotoxic T cells had been stimulated. Although immunization with the breath‐actuated OptiMist™ device and nasal drops were superior with respect to both mucosal and systemic immune responses, oral spray immunization might still be considered for studies of mucosal adjuvants that are not yet acceptable for intranasal use.
Understanding the Times: A Causal/Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of a Christian Worldview Curriculum in Helping Students Develop a Christian Worldview

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 List of Tables 8 List of Abbreviations 9 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 10 Background 10 Definitions 11 Problem Statement 11 Purpose Statement 12 Significance of the Study 12 Research Question 14 Research Hypotheses 14 Identification of Variables 15 Assumptions and Limitations 16 Assumptions 16 Limitations 16 Research Plan 18 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 19 Conceptual or Theoretical Framework 20 Christian Worldview Theory 20 Review of the Literature 22 Christian Worldview 22
The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis: testing the genetic predictions

The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis suggests that the immune system competes for resources with sexually selected ornaments; variation in ornaments might reflect genetic variation for immunocompetence. We tested this genetic prediction by mating scorpionfly females to males differing in the expression of a condition‐dependent ornament trait, saliva secretion, and then comparing offspring immunocompetence. We found several indications of an immunocompetence handicap in our study: females had superior immunocompetence compared with males, the different immune traits were positively correlated, and there were indications of genetic variation in immune traits. However, we found no significant difference in the immunocompetence of offspring derived from males differing in ornament expression, only a tendency for sons of ornamented males to possess slightly better immunocompetence. The estimated effect of fathers on offspring immunocompetence was rather small, but it might be a sufficient benefit of female choice, provided that the costs of choice are small. We conclude that the genetic benefit of female choice is small concerning offspring immunocompetence, but the immunocompetence handicap principle might nevertheless work in scorpionflies.
The differential response of photosynthesis to high temperature for a boreal and temperate Populus species relates to differences in Rubisco activation and Rubisco activase properties.

Significant inhibition of photosynthesis occurs at temperatures only a few degrees (<or= 10 degrees C) above the optimum, resulting in a considerable loss of potential productivity. Most studies of heat stress have focused on crop or weedy annual plants, whereas similar studies with trees have been limited in number. As temperature is a major factor limiting the geographic ranges of most plants, the aim of this study was to use two Populus species adapted to contrasting thermal environments for determining the factors that constrain photosynthetic assimilation (A) under moderate heat stress in tree species. Consistent with its native range in temperate regions, Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. exhibited a significantly higher temperature optimum for A than did Populus balsamifera L. , a boreal species. The higher A exhibited by P. deltoides at 33-40 degrees C compared to that for P. balsamifera was associated with a higher activation state of Rubisco and correlated with a higher ATPase activity of Rubisco activase. The temperature response of minimal chlorophyll a fluorescence for darkened leaves was similar for both species and was not consistent with a thylakoid lipid phase change contributing to the decline in A in the range of 30-40 degrees C. Taken together, these data support the idea that the differences in the temperature response of A for the two Populus species could be attributed to the differences in the response of Rubisco activation and ultimately to the thermal properties of Rubisco activase. That the primary sequence of Rubisco activase differed between the species, especially in regions associated with ATPase activity and Rubisco recognition, indicates that the genotypic differences in Rubisco activase might underlie the differences in the heat sensitivity of Rubisco activase and photosynthesis at moderately high temperatures.
The Effect of Acclydine in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: It is unclear whether insulin-like growth factor (IGF) function is involved in the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Unpublished data and reports in patient organization newsletters suggest that Acclydine, a food supplement, could be effective in the treatment of CFS by increasing biologically active IGF1 levels. Here we aimed to measure the IGF1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 3 status of CFS patients compared to age- and gender-matched neighborhood controls, and to assess the effect of Acclydine on fatigue severity, functional impairment, and biologically active IGF1 level (IGFBP3/IGF1 ratio). Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Setting: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands. Participants: Fifty-seven adult patients who fulfilled the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for CFS. IGF status of 22 CFS patients was compared to that of 22 healthy age- and gender-matched neighborhood control individuals. Intervention: Acclydine or placebo for 14 wk. Outcome measures: Outcomes were fatigue severity (Checklist Individual Strength, subscale fatigue severity [CIS-fatigue]), functional impairment (Sickness Impact Profile-8 [SIP-8]), and biologically active IGF1 serum concentrations. Analyses were on an intention-to-treat basis. Results: There was no difference in IGF status in 22 CFS patients compared to healthy age- and gender-matched control individuals. Treatment with Acclydine did not result in significant differences compared with the placebo group on any of the outcome measures: CIS-fatigue +1.1 (95% CI −4.4 to +6.5, p = 0.70), SIP-8 +59.1 (95% CI −201.7 to +319.8, p = 0.65), and IGFBP3/IGF1 ratio −0.5 (95% CI −2.8 to +1.7, p = 0.63). Conclusion: We found no differences in IGF1 status in CFS patients compared to healthy matched neighborhood controls. In addition, the results of this clinical trial do not demonstrate any benefit of Acclydine over placebo in the treatment of CFS.
Venous Thrombosis from Air Travel: The LONFLIT3 Study

The LONFLIT1 and 2 studies established that in high-risk subjects after long (> 10 hours) flights, the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) may be between 4% and 6%. The LONFLIT3 study aimed to evaluate methods of prevention in high-risk subjects. Of 467 subjects contacted for the study, 300 were included. These 300 subjects at high risk for DVT were randomized, after informed consent, into three groups: 1) a control group that had no prophylaxis; 2) an aspirin treatment group, in which patients were treated with 400 mg , (tablets of oral, soluble aspirin; one dose daily for 3 days, starting 12 hours before the beginning of the flight); and 3) a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) group, in which one dose of enoxaparine was injected between 2 and 4 hours before the flight. The dose was weight-adjusted (1000 IU [equivalent to 0.1 mL] per 10 kg of body weight). Subjects with potential problems due to prophylaxis with aspirin or LMWH or at risk of drug interactions were excluded. Of the 100 included subjects in each group, a total of 249 subjects completed the study (dropouts due to low compliance or traveling/connections problems were 17%). Age and sex distribution were comparable in the three groups as well as risk distributions. Mean age was 47 (range, 28-75; SD, 11; 65% males). Of the 82 subjects in the control group, there were 4.82% of subjects with DVT with two superficial thromboses. In total 4.8% of limbs suffered a thrombotic event. Of 84 subjects in the aspirin treatment group, there were 3.6% of patients with DVT and three superficial thrombosis. In total 3.6% of limbs had a throm botic event. In the LMWH group (82 subjects), there were no cases of DVT. One superficial thrombosis was documented. In total only 0.6% of limbs had a thrombotic event (p < 0.002 in comparison with the other two groups). DVT was asymptomatic in 60% of subjects; 85% of DVTs were observed in passengers in non-aisle seats. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 13% of patients taking aspirin. One dose of LMWH is an important option to consider in high-risk subjects during long-haul flights.
Distraction, Privacy, and Classroom Design

Environmental features of elementary school classrooms are examined in relation to distraction and privacy. Teachers' adjustments of their activities to make their settings less distracting are also explored. Classrooms were measured on interior spaciousness, degree of open perimeter, and amenities for private study. A group of 65 students and 13 teachers from 5 schools were interviewed. Environmental influences on distraction, both positive and negative, are particularly prominent among teachers. In addition, teachers' adjustments of curricular activities to prevent distraction are associated with the amount of nonstructural walls in the classroom. Few architectural features are associated with student distraction. Students in classrooms with amenities for private study actually report lower levels of privacy than those students without such classroom amenities. This unexpected finding may be due to limited access to these amenities even when present in the classroom. When they want to be alone, children prefer to be in secluded study areas or corners. Possible explanations for the difference between teacher and student responses are discussed.
Glasgow Coma Scale as a predictor for hemocoagulative disorders after blunt pediatric traumatic brain injury*

Objective: Coagulopathy is a complication of traumatic brain injury and its presence after injury has been identified as a risk factor for prognosis. It was our aim to determine whether neurologic findings reflected by Glasgow Coma Scale at initial resuscitation can predict hemocoagulative disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury that may aggravate clinical sequelae and outcome in children. Design: A retrospective analysis of 200 datasets from children with blunt, isolated traumatic brain injury documented in the Trauma Registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie was conducted. Inclusion criteria were primary admission, age <14 yrs, and sustained isolated blunt traumatic brain injury. Setting: Trauma Registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie-affiliated trauma centers in Germany. Patients: Two hundred datasets of children (age <14 yrs) with blunt isolated traumatic brain injury were analyzed: children were subdivided into two groups according to Glasgow Coma Scale at the scene (Glasgow Coma Scale ⩽8 vs. Glasgow Coma Scale >8) and reviewed for coagulation abnormalities upon emergency room admission and outcome. Measurement and Main Results: Fifty-one percent (n = 102 of 200) of children had Glasgow Coma Scale >8 and 49% (n = 98 of 200) had Glasgow Coma Scale ⩽8 at the scene. The incidence of coagulopathy at admission was higher in children with Glasgow Coma Scale ⩽8 compared to children with Glasgow Coma Scale >8: 44% (n = 31 of 71) vs. 14% (n = 11 of 79) (p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that Glasgow Coma Scale ⩽8 at scene was associated with coagulopathy at admission (odds ratio 3.378, p = .009) and stepwise regression identified Glasgow Coma Scale ⩽8 as an independent risk factor for coagulopathy. Mortality in children with Glasgow Coma Scale ⩽8 at scene was substantially higher with the presence of coagulation abnormalities at admission compared to children in which coagulopathy was absent (51.6%, n = 16 of 31 vs. 5% n = 2 of 40). Conclusions: Glasgow Coma Scale ⩽8 at scene in children with isolated traumatic brain injury is associated with increased risk for coagulopathy and mortality. These results may guide laboratory testing, management, and blood bank resources in acute pediatric trauma care.
Field potentials and excitation of primate spinothalamic neurones in response to volleys in muscle afferents.

1. In anesthetized monkeys, stimulation of muscle afferents results in a sequence of cord dorsum potentials. These include a group I volley followed by several negative potentials called here the NI, NII and NIII waves. 2. Evidence based on the effects of graded stimulus strengths, measurements of latencies, and the results of anodal blockade of large muscle afferents indicate that the NI, NII and NIII waves are evoked, respectively, by group I, II and III muscle afferents. 3. The NII and NIII waves appear to be confined to the lumbosacral enlargement when evoked by hind limb muscle afferents. However, the group I volley and NI wave can be detected at least as far rostrally as L 3. 4. The NII and NIII waves were mapped in the depth of the cord. The maxima for these waves were found in the neck of the dorsal horn. The waves reversed to become positive in the ventral horn. 5. Using graded electrical stimulation of muscle nerves it was possible to demonstrate that a few spinothalamic tract neurones could be activated monosynaptically by group I volleys; other spinothalamic cells may have been activated polysynaptically by group I volleys. The lack of any substantial excitation of spinothalamic neurones by intra‐arterial injections of succinylcholine suggests that these group I actions may have been due to group Ib afferents from Golgi tendon organs. 6. The most potent excitation of spinothalamic tract cells was due to the action of middle sized and small muscle afferents. Evidence was obtained for an excitatory action of group II, III and IV afferents. There was a good correlation between the effects of graded stimulation in evoking discharges in separate bursts associated with the arrival of volleys in group II and group III afferents and the generation of the NII and NIII waves. 7. Some spinothalamic neurones, including several located in lamina I, were unaffected by the muscle afferent volleys used. It is suggested that such neurones might help to signal well localized pain, whereas the cells which respond to a variety of cutaneous and muscle afferents might be involved in signalling poorly localized pain which is subject to referral.
Job crafting : towards a new model of individual job redesign : original research

Orientation: For a long time, employees have been viewed as passive performers of their assigned job tasks. Recently, several scholars have argued that job design theory needs to address the influence of employees on their job designs. Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to fit job crafting in job design theory. Motivation for the study: The study was an attempt to shed more light on the types of proactive behaviours of individual employees at work. Moreover, we explored the concept of job crafting and its antecedents and consequences. Research design, approach and method: A literature study was conducted in which the focus was first on proactive behaviour of the employee and then on job crafting. Main findings: Job crafting can be seen as a specific form of proactive behaviour in which the employee initiates changes in the level of job demands and job resources. Job crafting may be facilitated by job and individual characteristics and may enable employees to fit their jobs to their personal knowledge, skills and abilities on the one hand and to their preferences and needs on the other hand. Practical/managerial implications: Job crafting may be a good way for employees to improve their work motivation and other positive work outcomes. Employees could be encouraged to exert more influence on their job characteristics. Contribution/value-add: This article describes a relatively new perspective on active job redesign by the individual, called job crafting, which has important implications for job design theories.
Inhibition of murine melanoma experimental metastasis by recombinant desulfatohirudin, a highly specific thrombin inhibitor.

Recombinant desulfatohirudin (r-hirudin), a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin, was examined to determine whether it would inhibit production of experimental lung metastasis by B16-F10 melanoma cells. In in vitro assays using mouse plasma, the high level of procoagulant activity in B16-F10 cells was significantly inhibited by r-hirudin in a dose-dependent manner. From 15 to 120 min after s.c. administration into C57BL/6 mice, r-hirudin (10 mg/kg) markedly prolonged clotting time in a time course pattern that directly correlated with that of blood distribution of 125I-labeled r-hirudin. The production of experimental lung metastasis by B16-F10 cells was significantly inhibited by r-hirudin administered s.c. at time points ranging from 120 min before to 60 min after tumor cell inoculation with the most significant effects found in mice given r-hirudin 15 or 2 min before the i.v. injection of tumor cells. The organ distribution of [125I]IdUrd-labeled tumor cells demonstrated a clear difference in the lungs of mice treated with r-hirudin and the lungs of control mice, and these differences directly correlated with the number of lung tumor colonies found 3 weeks later. The inhibition of lung metastasis was not due to direct antitumor effects of r-hirudin. These results suggest that inhibition of coagulation events by r-hirudin significantly inhibit experimental lung metastasis during a critical time of 60 min after the entry of tumor cells into the circulation.
A prospective, randomised, double-masked comparison of local anaesthetic agents for vitrectomy

Purpose To compare the intraoperative and postoperative clinical properties of 1% ropivacaine, 0.75% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and a mixture of 0.75% bupivacaine and 2% lidocaine (bupi+lido) administered for peribulbar anaesthesia during vitrectomy. Methods A total of 140 patients were randomly allocated to four groups. The time of onset of analgesia and akinesia was measured. The efficacy of anaesthesia, degree of postoperative pain and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Results The mean times of onset (±SD) of analgesia for the ropivacaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine and lido+bupi groups were 90.46±30.08, 94.83±40.72, 78.31±12.56 and 101.51±56.94 s, respectively (p=0.087). The mean times of onset (±SD) of akinesia for the ropivacaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine and lido+bupi groups were 138.89±62.65, 151.86±84.78, 122.66±49.35 and 141.54±62.69 s, respectively (p=0.323). No significant difference was observed in the number of patients who attained grade-5 anaesthesia in the four groups (p=0.966). The outcome of ordered logit analysis showed that the 1% ropivacaine resulted in a significantly lower degree of postoperative pain compared with the other three groups (p=0.017, p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). The incidence of postoperative subconjunctival haemorrhage was decreased in the ropivacaine group compared with the other three groups (p<0.001). Conclusions For peribulbar anaesthesia in vitrectomy, 1% ropivacaine alone provides an adequate intraoperative anaesthesia similar to that provided by the bupivacaine, lidocaine and lido+bupi solutions, as well as provides a better quality of postoperative analgesia and decreases postoperative subconjunctival haemorrhage. Trial registration number ChiCTR-IPR-16007876; Results.
Automatic word recognition: The validity of a universally accessible assessment task

In the current study, the validity of a task designed to assess the automatic word recognition skills of persons with complex communication needs was investigated. A total of 78 students without communication impairments in kindergarten through second grade completed a standard automatic word recognition task requiring oral reading of words presented for less than 0.25 s. The same students completed an experimental word recognition task that did not require a spoken response. Results support the validity of the experimental task. For example, the mean performance scores on both tasks decreased in the expected direction, and there was a significant correlation between the standard and experimental tasks. Other results suggest that the same trait was being measured by both tasks. The data highlight directions for future research and development of the experimental task, while leaving us enthusiastic about the future of the experimental task as a valid means of assessing automatic word recognition for persons with complex communication needs.
MiR‐21 Modulates hTERT Through a STAT3‐Dependent Manner on Glioblastoma Cell Growth

As an important oncogenic miRNA, miR‐21 has been reported to play crucial roles in glioblastoma (GBM) carcinogenesis. However, the precise biological function and molecular mechanism of miR‐21 in GBM remain elusive. This study is designed to explore the mechanism of miR‐21 involved in the control of GBM cell growth.
Toward a Strategy for Internationalisation: Lessons and Practice from Four Universities

Internationalisation is one of the most powerful forces for change in contemporary higher education. This article looks first at the motivation of four leading institutions in seeking to develop a strategy for internationalisation. Second, the wide range of activities and initiatives undertaken by these universities is examined covering teaching and learning, research, staffing arrangements, and institutional management together forming a comprehensive strategy for internationalisation. Finally, the article assesses the overall input of internationalisation and its importance as an influence on institutional management.
Enhanced nearest neighbour search on the R-tree

Multimedia databases usually deal with huge amounts of data and it is necessary to have an indexing structure such that efficient retrieval of data can be provided. R-Tree with its variations, is a commonly cited indexing method. In this paper we propose an improved nearest neighbor search algorithm on the R-tree and its variants. The improvement lies in the removal of two hueristics that have been used in previous R*-tree work, which we prove cannot improve on the pruning power during a search.