Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Multivariate Flexible Accelerator Model: Its Empirical Restrictions and an Application to U.S. Manufacturing

This paper derives an exhaustive set of restrictions implied by the multistock flexible accelerator specification of the adjustment-cost model for the firm. The flexible accelerator specification of the demand for capital and labor is estimated using U.S. manufacturing annual data for the 1947-1976 period. The consistency of the data with the model is examined by testing the validity of the derived restrictions. Finally, the conditions which permit aggregation over firms are determined and tested empirically. THE FLEXIBLE ACCELERATOR SPECIFICATION has been popular in the empirical literature on (interrelated) investment and employment decisions. (See Nadiri and Rosen [38], Coen and Hickman [10], and Schramm [40]. More recent examples include Sargent [39], Berndt, Fuss, and Wavermann [4], Berndt and Morrison [6], and Meese [34].) Under suitable assumptions the specification may be rationalized by the adjustment-cost model of the firm (Eisner and Strotz [13], Lucas [30]). Mortensen [35] extends the work of Lucas and derives some empirically testable restrictions of the accelerator specification that are implied by the adjustment-cost framework. The broad objective of this paper is to provide a more rigorous and comprehensive test of the adjustment-cost model than is presently found in the literature. This objective is achieved in three stages. First, we offer an alternative derivation of the Mortensen restrictions, and more importantly we prove (Theorem 1) that his restrictions are exhaustive, i.e., we establish an "integrability" result for the flexible accelerator, adjustment-cost model. Second, the flexible accelerator specification of the demand for capital and labor is estimated using total U.S. manufacturing annual data for the 1947-76 period. It is assumed that firms minimize expected production costs subject to a technology which implies that capital and labor stocks are costly to adjust, while a third factor, materials, is freely adjustable. The consistency of the data with the adjustmentcost framework is examined by testing for the validity of the derived restrictions. Further, we test the validity of some separability restrictions on the adjustmentcost technology that to varying degrees are imposed a priori in all of the cited empirical studies. Finally, we provide a complete characterization of the individual firm technologies which justify the common assumption of the existence of a representative firm. This problem of aggregation over firms, which has been
Pomona Large Vessel Occlusion Screening Tool for Prehospital and Emergency Room Settings

Background: Early identification of patients with acute ischemic strokes due to large vessel occlusions (LVO) is critical. We propose a simple risk score model to predict LVO. Method: The proposed scale (Pomona Scale) ranges from 0 to 3 and includes 3 items: gaze deviation, expressive aphasia, and neglect. We reviewed a cohort of all acute stroke activation patients between February 2014 and January 2016. The predictive performance of the Pomona Scale was determined and compared with several National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) cutoffs (≥4, ≥6, ≥8, and ≥10), the Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS), the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Severity (CPSS) scale, the Vision Aphasia and Neglect Scale (VAN), and the Prehospital Acute Stroke Severity Scale (PASS). Results: LVO was detected in 94 of 776 acute stroke activations (12%). A Pomona Scale ≥2 had comparable accuracy to predict LVO as the VAN and CPSS scales and higher accuracy than Pomona Scale ≥1, LAMS, PASS, and NIHSS. A Pomona Scale ≥2 had an accuracy (area under the curve) of 0.79, a sensitivity of 0.86, a specificity of 0.70, a positive predictive value of 0.71, and a negative predictive value of 0.97 for the detection of LVO. We also found that the presence of either neglect or gaze deviation alone had comparable accuracy of 0.79 as Pomona Scale ≥2 to detect LVO. Conclusion: The Pomona Scale is a simple and accurate scale to predict LVO. In addition, the presence of either gaze deviation or neglect also suggests the possibility of LVO.
An economic game theory model of subcontractor resource allocation behaviour

Periodic review and adjustment of resource allocations to construction projects is critical for subcontractors to maintain profitability under traditional unit price or lump sum contracts. Project managers strive to control subcontractors in an effort to meet budgets and schedules; subcontractors often work on multiple projects simultaneously and strive independently to allocate resources to those projects where they perceive that they will bring maximum utility. An economic game theory model is proposed as a foundation for understanding the behaviour of subcontractors in allocating resources to projects. The model describes the influence of the degree of reliability of the planned schedule on subcontractors' and project managers' behaviours under traditional unit price contracting. Unreliable plans undermine efforts to promote cooperative behaviour.
A Perspective on Modelling the Australian Real Trade Weighted Index Since the Float

Since the deregulation of the Australian dollar market in December 1983, considerable effort has been devoted by the central bank to understanding movements in the value of the currency. As the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) has a pivotal role to play in currency markets, attention has been focussed on the modelling techniques used by the Bank's researchers in this process. This paper examines the ancestral development of the current model of the Australian Trade Weighted Index (rtwi) used at the RBA, as specified in Beechey et al. (2000). Estimates and forecasting evaluations of the various models imply that only the relationships between the rtwi, the terms of trade and interest differentials hold consistently, providing the empirical foundation for the current RBA model.
BET and HDAC inhibitors induce similar genes and biological effects and synergize to kill in Myc-induced murine lymphoma

Significance Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins bind acetylated proteins, including histones, and regulate transcription. Interestingly, inhibitors of BET proteins (BETi) can block cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a wide range of tumor types. To date many of the effects of BETi have been attributed to transcriptional suppression of genes like the MYC oncogene. We show that genetically-engineered Myc-induced lymphoma mouse models are highly sensitive to BETi without MYC transcription being suppressed. Our data suggest broad effects on transcription by BETi including a set of genes being induced. Here a genetic and functional link between BET proteins and histone deacetylases is unraveled that opens up avenues for combination therapies against cancer. The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain family of proteins binds to acetylated lysines on histones and regulates gene transcription. Recently, BET inhibitors (BETi) have been developed that show promise as potent anticancer drugs against various solid and hematological malignancies. Here we show that the structurally novel and orally bioavailable BET inhibitor RVX2135 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of lymphoma cells arising in Myc-transgenic mice in vitro and in vivo. We find that BET inhibition exhibits broad transcriptional effects in Myc-transgenic lymphoma cells affecting many transcription factor networks. By examining the genes induced by BETi, which have largely been ignored to date, we discovered that these were similar to those induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). HDACi also induced cell-cycle arrest and cell death of Myc-induced murine lymphoma cells and synergized with BETi. Our data suggest that BETi sensitize Myc-overexpressing lymphoma cells partly by inducing HDAC-silenced genes, and suggest synergistic and therapeutic combinations by targeting the genetic link between BETi and HDACi.
The Economics Olympics: Ranking U.S. Economics Departments Based on Prizes, Medals, and Other Awards

This study ranks the top 25 U.S. economics departments on the basis of four prestigious awards won/held by these departments' current faculty: the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, the John Bates Clark Medal, the American Economic Association's (AEA's) Distinguished Fellow Award, and the American Economic Association's Richard T. Ely Lecturer. Based on our methodology, the top economics department is affiliated with the University of Chicago. This distinction stems from its affiliation with six Nobel Prize winners, four Clark Medal winners, and two participants each in the AEA Distinguished Fellow and Richard T. Ely Lecturer categories.
National culture effects on groups evaluating internal control

Purpose - This paper aims to report the results of a cross-national cultural experiment on auditors' belief revision when evaluating internal control. Design/methodology/approach - Hogarth and Einhorn's belief-adjustment model (BAM) and Hofstede's national culture are employed. Two experimental conditions, created by crossing two levels of audit information: initial (un)favourable (UNFAV-MODFAV) FAV-MODFAV information, each followed by additional moderately favourable audit evidence and two levels of national culture dimensions of individualism (Australian auditors) and collectivism (Taiwanese auditors). Findings - Consistent with BAM, the results of the experiment confirm that the evaluation task of internal control is an additive process. Collectivist culture auditors are found to revise their beliefs significantly upwards when encountering UNFAV-MODFAV compared with FAV-MODFAV, but not for individualist culture auditors. Collectivist culture auditors also revise their beliefs significantly upwards when they encounter UNFAV-MODFAV compared with individualist culture auditors who do not revise their beliefs significantly upwards. However, neither collectivist nor individualist culture auditors revise their beliefs significantly upwards when encountering FAV-MODFAV. Here, the multivariate regression shows that collectivist (individualist) culture auditors are (are not) concerned with “painting a good picture” to keep the client happy. Practical implications - With globalisation, the national culture effect makes an important contribution to the disclosure of financial reporting. The findings of the research show that, in evaluating the internal control of an audit client, collectivist culture auditors revise their beliefs more favourably when encountering additional audit evidence which is relatively favourable (UNFAV-MODFAV) compared with individualist culture auditors. In practice, the implications on auditors' reporting of the internal control (for example, Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002) regulator need to take into consideration that the national culture of auditors is an important input in assessing control risk. In bridging the gap between research and practice, an urgent need has to be addressed, as it may impair the effectiveness of the audit. The collective culture auditor's concern to keep the client happy may be construed as not being independent. Originality/value - The paper is the first to employ the BAM and Hofstede's national culture to test auditors of different national cultures in their belief revisions when evaluating the client's internal control.
The impact of credit and liquidity risk on bank financial performance: the case of Indonesian Conventional Bank with total asset above 10 trillion Rupiah

This paper examines the impact of credit and liquidity risk on bank's financial performance. This study especially focuses on Indonesian Conventional Bank with total asset above 10 trillion Rupiah within 2007 to 2011. Bank financial performances are measured by return on asset, return on equity and net interest margin; credit risk are measured by non-performing loan ratio and liquidity risk are measured by liquidity ratio. Furthermore, this study also measured bank capital and bank size's effect on bank financial performance. The results show that credit risk has negative significant effect on ROA and ROE. While liquidity ratio was found having positive significant effect on ROA and ROE. The effect of bank capital is positively significant on ROA, ROE, and NIM, while bank size was only found to have negative significant impact on NIM. Both credit risk and liquidity ratio was found to have insignificant impact on NIM.
An adaptive threshold based energy detector for spectrum sensing in cognitive radios at low SNR

The performance of a cognitive radio system depends on how well it can maximize the usage of a free frequency band without causing any interference to the primary user. Thus the abilities to detect a primary user as well as to avoid any false alarm are of paramount importance for such a system. For energy detector based spectrum sensing in cognitive radios, these abilities are influenced by the threshold set to distinguish signal from noise. Conventional energy detectors are based on a fixed threshold. This may not be optimum in low SNR conditions where the performance of fixed threshold based detector can vary from the targeted performance metrics substantially. In this paper, we propose a method to change the threshold based on the number of samples, to optimize the detection parameters, namely probability of detection and probability of false alarm. We also introduce a control parameter which is used to vary the set threshold and thereby obtain a response more suited to the operational requirements than that obtained by a fixed threshold based energy detector. Simulation results are presented to show a different perspective of the importance of the sensing time to the performance metrics of the energy detector.
Influence strategies in shareholder engagement: a case study of all Swedish national pension funds

Investors spend money and resources trying to reduce the environmental, social and governance risks in companies they own. If unattended, these risks may cause reputational damage not only to the portfolio firm but also to its owner. In this article, we study five Swedish national pension funds and the influence strategies used in shareholder engagement. Knowledge about influence strategies is important because successful shareholder engagements can lead to more sustainable corporate behaviour and a lower risk to the investor. In addition to the traditional power and legitimacy dependencies that have been reported as influential in deciding stakeholder salience, our findings reveal five additional factors useful for determining influence strategies in shareholder engagement. We provide a conceptual model showing how these factors interlink with choices of influence strategies, offering a practical use of this study. Stakeholder theory has been used as our theoretical frame of reference, based on existing influence strategy literature using a stakeholder—firm perspective.
Decomposing Productivity Growth in Chinese Manufacturing

In an increasingly globalized business environment, sustaining relatively high productivity growth is essential for maintaining an international competitive advantage. Economists typically identify manufacturing companies in China as prime examples of firms attaining cost competitiveness through productivity growth. This study contributes to the analysis of productivity growth in China by estimating unexplained technological change, scale and infrastructure investment’s contribution to annual productivity growth for 27 manufacturing industries. A flexible form cost equation for manufacturing industries classified at the two-digit industry code level for the 1998-2005 sample period is used to investigate each factor’s impact on productivity growth. The findings suggest that for all industries excluding furniture manufacturing, unexplained technological change contributes to productivity growth. Infrastructure investment and scale contribute to such growth for 16 and 5 of the 27 industries respectively.
Examining the link between Islamic work ethic and innovation capability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an in‐depth analysis of the Islamic work ethic (IWE) and its influence on innovation capability in the public sector.Design/methodology/approach – The foundations of IWE and innovation capability were assessed using a validated questionnaire. A total of 472 employees from the Malaysian public sector participated in the survey.Findings – The empirical results indicate that the IWE is highly adapted in the public sector. In addition, the respondents collectively declared that the innovation strength in the Malaysian public sector is mounting. The IWE measure was found to be significant with moderate correlation and positive relationship with the innovation capability scale.Research limitations/implications – While the study was confined to the Malaysian public sector, it has considerable implications for the development of an optimistic workforce in other regions and across sectors.Practical implications – An understanding of the commitment of the workforce .
Consumer lifestyles and online shopping continuance intention

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues involved in understanding the buying behavior of Malaysian consumers, particularly in the online shopping context in relation to their lifestyles.Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a general review of the literature regarding the influence of lifestyles on consumer intentions to repurchase online.Findings – The paper provides marketers with insights into how knowledge about lifestyle factors can be integrated into marketing and advertising strategies.Practical implications – The results of this study will provide some ideas and practical suggestions which can be implemented particularly in online shopping in order to improve its continuance (i.e. customer retention strategies) as effective means of maintaining the subscriber base, market share and overall revenue of online businesses.Originality/value – This paper delineates the importance of understanding consumer lifestyles and its effect on continuance intention that allows onl.
Obstetric and perinatal outcome in women with twin pregnancy and gestational diabetes

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy complications and obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with twin pregnancy and GDM. Study Design: An observational multicentre retrospective study was performed and 534 pregnant woman and 1068 twins infants allocated into two groups, 257 with GDM and 277 controls, were studied. Main Outcome Measures: Pregnant women characteristics, hypertensive complications, preterm delivery rate, mode of delivery and birthweight were analysed. Results: Pregnant women with GDM were older (p < 0.001) and had higher body mass index (p < 0.001) than controls. GDM was associated with higher risk of prematurity in twin pregnancy (odds ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval [1.14–2.32], p = 0.005). This association was based on the association with other pregnancy complications. Birthweight Z-scores were significantly higher in the GDM group (p = 0.02). The rate of macrosomia was higher in the GDM group (p = 0.002) and small for gestational age (SGA) babies were significantly less frequent (p = 0.03). GDM was an independent predictor of macrosomia (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The presence of GDM in twin pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of hypertensive complications, prematurity and macrosomia, but significantly reduces the risk of SGA infants. Prematurity was related to the presence of other associated pregnancy complications.
Evaluation of SIROF Microelectrodes for Single Neuron Stimulation in Biohybrid Circuits

Microelectrodes with an upper functional layer of dc sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF) are intended to be applied in biohybrid circuits for single insect neuron stimulation. In this paper, we report on electrochemical evaluation and of planar disc microelectrodes of varying size (diameter of 10 to 300 mum) and their charge injection properties of SIROF at microelectrode level during fast current pulses. The pulse injection charge (Qinj) limits represent only a fraction of the charge storage capacity (Qcsc) measured by cyclic voltammetry. Electrodes with diameter down to 100 mum and 80 -100 mC . cm-2 oxide charge capacity sustain about 2 mC.cm-2 in pulse mode, while the maximum charge injection per phase for d=10 mum electrodes the respective values were Qcsc = 892.6 mC.cm-2 and Qinj = 9.1 mC.cm-2 .
Explaining Trends in Racial Segregation, 1970-1980

The authors argue that white racial attitudes have shifted from a universal rejection of blacks as potential neighbors to an acceptance of open housing in principle—but not in practice. As a result, 1970-1980 declines in racial segregation were confined to metropolitan areas where the number of blacks was so small that desegregation could be accommodated without threatening white preferences for limited interracial contact. Although new housing construction created an impetus for integration in some areas by increasing the proportion of homes built under the Fair Housing Act, most urban blacks lived in older urban areas where new housing was quite limited.
Rules of Engagement?: Party Membership Costs, New Forms of Party Affiliation, and Partisan Participation

This chapter investigates whether variations in party affiliation rules have political consequences, looking in particular at their effects on partisan participation. The research presented here combines data from the Political Party Database with surveys of party members and party supporters, looking for evidence of whether potential affiliates’ behavior is sensitive to the relative costs of party membership. The data suggest that such sensitivity exists, with supporters being more likely to join parties which offer more benefits, and which offer membership at a lower price. They are also less likely to acquire traditional membership if cheaper affiliation options exist. Conversely, when membership is relatively costly, those who do join are more likely to use their membership by being active in the party. Our findings provide some support for demand-side views of party membership, according to which political parties are able to use membership rules to affect who joins a party.