Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Green Revolution Technology: An Analysis of a Differential Practice Combination in Swaziland

The process of technology adoption in agriculture is not well understood. Numerous studies have attempted to explain the adoption process, but their shortcomings have resulted in limited success. Almost all technological adoption studies have characterized "adoption" as a discrete phenomenon, adopters versus nonadopters, rather than a continuum that reflects the intensity of use of various technologies. Only a few studies have used continuous adoption variables.2 Most studies view technological practices in isolation from one another; that is, interdependencies among these practices have largely been ignored.3 Some authors have hypothesized a specific type of interdependency referred to as sequential adoption behavior.4 The sequential adoption process is one in which one modern input is adopted, and then after a lag another input is adopted. For example, it is best to adopt modern varieties and fertilizer together because of the interactions among practices. However, it is argued that farmers may first adopt modern varieties and 2-3 years later adopt fertilizer. H. D. Leathers and M. Smale argue that the empirical evidence shows that "for the most part, farmers choose to adopt inputs sequentially, adopting initially only part of the package and subsequently adding components over time. "' D. Byerlee and E. H. de Polanco found that the farmers in the Mexican Alliplano "have adopted a package of biochem-
Exploring the Relation between Personality and the Appreciation of Rock Music

Scores on five personality characteristics, extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism as well as reactive and proactive rebelliousness, and the appreciation of soft/nonrebellious and hard/rebellious rock-music videotapes were explored. After completing the personality tests, female and male undergraduates were exposed to rock-music videotapes and asked to rate various aspects of their enjoyment of each. Analysis indicated that psychoticism and reactive rebelliousness were associated with enjoyment in a parallel fashion. Specifically, respondents scoring high on psychoticism or high on reactive rebelliousness enjoyed hard/rebellious rock-music videotapes more than did their peers scoring low on psychoticism or low on reactive rebelliousness. The reverse was evident for the enjoyment of soft/nonrebellious rock-music videotapes. In contrast, scores on extraversion, neuroticism, and proactive rebelliousness were not associated with enjoyment. Gender differences emerged, however; women (n = 78) enjoyed soft/nonrebellious rock music more than did men (n = 60); and conversely, men enjoyed hard/rebellious rock music more than did women.
Implied volatility surfaces: uncovering regularities for options on financial futures

It is well known that the implied volatilities of options on the same underlying asset differ across strike prices and terms to expiration. However, the reason for this remains unclear. Before the development of theory to explain this phenomenon, it may be helpful to better understand the empirical record of implied volatility surfaces. If regularities are discovered which are stable over time, this may aid the development of theories to explain implied volatility surfaces and provide a means to test alternative models. This paper identifies these regularities and subsequent research will examine the implications of these results. While a number of papers have examined individual option markets and identified smile patterns, it is not clear whether the conclusions found are based upon idiosyncrasies of a particular market or more generally apply to options in other markets. This research fills this gap in the literature by examining sixteen options markets on financial futures (comprising four asset classes) and compares the smile patterns across markets. Furthermore, this analysis considers a longer period of analysis than previously examined in the literature. This allows assessment of the stability of the implied volatility patterns for a variety of subperiods and testing of models outside of sample.
The economic case for education†

The case for education can be made from many perspectives. This paper makes the case for education based on economic outcomes. Surveying the most recent empirical evidence, it shows the crucial role of education for individual and societal prosperity. Education is a leading determinant of economic growth, employment, and earnings in modern knowledge-based economies. Ignoring the economic dimension of education would endanger the prosperity of future generations, with widespread repercussions for poverty, social exclusion, and sustainability of social security systems. Policy-makers interested in advancing future prosperity should particularly focus on educational outcomes, rather than inputs or attainment.
The changing face of HRM: in search of balance

Current models of HRM suggest that expectations about HR roles are changing as organisations are striving to make the HR function leaner and more ‘strategic’. In our article we explore the changing roles of HRM as they are perceived by different stakeholder groups within the HR profession through the medium of a study examining the diffusion of the concept of ‘the thinking performer’ launched by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development in 2002. We explain how the concept of business partnering dominates respondents' talk about HR policy and practice and raise questions about the impact of this in terms of HRM's relationship with employees, employee well-being and the career paths of HR professionals. We argue that the profession needs to reflect seriously on the consequences of a dominant business/strategic partner framing of HR work, which fails to address the duality that has historically always been inherent in HR practice. We conclude that there is a need for a more balanced HR agenda addressing human and economic concerns in current and future models of HRM.
An Exploratory Study of the Jones and James Organisational Climate Scales

This paper considers the relationship between corporate cultures and measures of organisational climate. It suggests that the Jones and James (1979) climate questionnaire is a useful instrument which provides insights at the individual, sub unit and organisational levels of analysis A factor analysis of a modified version administered to 147 public sector employees confirmed stable dimensions of leader facilitation and support, workgroup cooperation, organisational esprit, and job characteristics. The approach presents the potential to map changes in corporate cultures in further research applications.
Does human capital constrain the impact of foreign direct investment and remittances on economic growth in Ghana?

This article empirically investigates whether human capital constrains the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and remittances on economic growth in Ghana. An economic growth model for Ghana is specified and estimated using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) estimator and employing annual data spanning the period 1965 to 2008. Empirical results indicate that FDI and remittances are key determinants of economic growth in Ghana. Results indicate that human capital enhances the impact of FDI and remittances on economic growth. Although both government expenditure and trade openness are growth-enhancing, government expenditure appears to crowd-out private investment. Empirical results also indicate that domestic inflationary pressures, unstable political environment and volatile global economy exert a negative impact on economic growth in Ghana.
Hospitality ethics curriculum: an industry perspective

In curriculum design, it is important to solicit the industry's views to ensure its relevancy to industry needs. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire survey with 308 hospitality employees who helped in identifying the importance of 39 ethical issues in the hospitality industry. It is assumed that the more important an issue is rated, the more important it is to include its discussion in the curriculum. The two most important issues were found to be “Theft of company property by employees” and “Sexual harassment on the job”. When factor analysis was adopted, eight factors were identified which include, in descending order of importance, “environmental protection”, “social conscience and employee integrity”, “social justice”, “consumer protection”, “business fraud”, “employee equity”, “privacy of employees” and finally “personal advantage”. It is recommended that developers of hospitality curricula should consider the inclusion of these ethical issues in their programs.
LBOs, Corporate Restructuring, and the Incentive-Intensity Hypothesis

This paper uses a detailed database on corporate operations to investigate the effects of leveraged buyouts on corporate restructuring activity in a sample of 33 large LBO firms. The evidence we present strongly suggests that the governance structure of LBO firms is able to induce managers to forego growth and downsize firms more effectively than the governance structure of public corporations. The evidence is also consistent with the argument that one purpose of leveraged buyouts is to reconfigure target firms' operations. The results of this study suggest that corporate restructuring activity may be an important source of the efficiency gains observed in prior studies of the accounting performance of LBO firms.
What Makes Circuit Breakers Attractive to Financial Markets?: A Survey

After the stock market crash of October 1987, the Brady Report (1988) and several academic researchers suggested the imposition of "circuit breakers" to prevent the market from fluctuating excessively. Most financial markets in the world have imposed circuit breaker systems, in the form of price limits and trading halts, in an attempt to reduce excessive market volatility. Similar to any other regulations, circuit breakers have proponents and opponents. In this survey, we analyze the benefits and costs of each type of circuit breaker, provide existing theoretical models and predictions related to each type of circuit breaker, and present findings from empirical studies to justify or disqualify the existence of circuit breakers. In addition, we synthesize existing studies and offer directions for further research in this area.
Factors Influencing the Profitability of Listed Indonesian Commercial Banks Before and During Financial Global Crisis

As a country with bank-based economy, stability and soundness of its banking industry are the crucial matters for Indonesia especially in dealing with the crisis period, such as financial global crisis which occurred in 2008. Considering the crucial impact of the crisis, this study aims to examine determinants of bank profitability (as the measurement of stability and soundness of banking industry) before and during the crisis period. Using the Generalised Method of Moment (GMM), this study analyzes the profitability of listed commercial banks using unbalanced panel data over the period of 2002-2009. To investigate the impact of recent financial global crisis, this study uses time dummy variable to separate the pre-crisis period (2002-2006) and during the crisis period (2007-2009). Findings of this study show that in the pre-crisis period, bank-specific factors i.e. lagged profitability, bank size, bank capitalization, and diversification and external factors which are inflation and stock market-based financial development are statistically and significantly affect bank’s profitability. Furthermore, crisis is proved to have significant impact on the effect of inflation and stock market-based financial development toward bank profitability. Whereas, through the general model which is not separate the pre- and during-crisis periods, this study shows that bank-specific factors such as lagged profitability, bank size, and bank capitalization are proved to have significant effects on bank profitability while macro factors that also have effects are bank-based financial development and bank concentration.
PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION, CIVIC ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS OF PUBLIC, NONPROFIT AND PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES

Using the 2005 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes dataset, this study compares the public service motivation (PSM), and civic attitudes and actions of public, nonprofit and private sector employees in Australia. Sectoral similarities and differences were noted. This research also analyses the relationships between PSM and civic attitudes and behaviours of these groups of employees. High PSM employees were found to have higher confidence in key national public and private institutions, place more importance on citizens' rights, and engage in more non-electoral political and prosocial acts than low PSM employees.
Mobilizing Curriculum Studies in a (Virtual) World: Open Access, Edupunks, and the Public Good.

Despite societal imperatives for equity—whether espoused by nation states or transnational agencies like UNESCO—current models of higher education are unequivocally failing to provide universal access. This paper seeks to explore the (cyber)spaces (un)occupied by higher education, specifically in the area of curriculum studies, arguing that the World Wide Web can be used to effect the democratization of education. Further, it argues for the benefits of Open Access research by means of a small-scale empirical study, the results of which indicate that making research openly accessible does not diminish the impact of research, but rather may actually increase it. Keywords: Open Access, Open Education, curriculum studies, higher education, Web 2.0
A novel GaN HEMT degradation mechanism observed during HTST test

The maximum drain current (Imax) reduction after high temperature short term (HTST) tests in RF-GaN HEMT was investigated. A “critical-voltage” like degradation was observed with voltage levels correlated with the pinch-off voltage of the MIS structure formed by the device field-plate terminal (FP). The recoverable nature of the observed phenomena and the positive temperature dependence of both the Imax reduction and leakage currents within the passivation layer allowed us to propose a novel interpretation based on a charge-injection process from the FP into SiN/AlGaN electrons trap within the device gate-drain access region.
Attitudes of people working in mental health non-governmental organisations in Australia: A comparison with other mental health professionals

Research suggests that stigma impacts help-seeking behaviour and health outcomes for people affected by mental illness. This study compared the attitudes of Australian non-governmental organisation support workers towards people with mental illness with those of other health professionals. Three hundred and seventy four support workers were randomly allocated to answer questions about one of the six vignettes. Results indicated that non-governmental organisation support workers held more positive attitudes towards people with mental illness than those of general practitioners, psychiatrists and psychologists measured in prior research. These results suggest that non-governmental organisations may be a more positive and comfortable entry and referral point for mental health clients.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐specific adhesion of murine splenic T cells to a human endothelial cell line

The presence of a putative autoantigen of autoimmune disorder in a target organ may cause accumulation of specific T cells in the inflammatory region. One of the mechanisms of such accumulation involves the migration of specific‐circulating T cells through the endothelial cells into the target lesion. The presence of only a few specific T cells responsive to a putative autoantigen has hampered the investigation of specific migration of circulating T cells to the target organ. We used a superantigen to investigate specific T‐cell adhesion to endothelial cells, because it stimulates a large proportion of T cells with particular Vβ elements and adhesion of T cells to the endothelium is a vital step in the migration process. Adhesion of murine T cells to the human endothelial cell line, EA.hy926, was specifically increased in the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The increase was interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐dependent, and consisted mainly of CD4+ T cells. Vβ8. 1,2+ T cells preferentially adhered to endothelial cells in the presence of SEB compared with Vβ6+ T cells. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with SEB increased the adherence of Vβ8. 1,2+ T cells, while anti‐human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR and ‐DQ antibodies inhibited the increased adherence of Vβ8. 1,2+ T cells. Our results demonstrate that increased T‐cell adhesion to endothelial cells is SEB specific, and that the specificity is dependent on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed on endothelial cells and on the recognition of the SEB–MHC class II complex by Vβ8. 1,2+ T cells.
Young Australians with moderate to severe mental health problems: client data and outcomes at Children and Young People's Mental Health

Almost a quarter of young Australians experience a mental health issue that may become chronic if left untreated. Children and Young People's Mental Health (CYPMH) is a specialist tertiary service for young people with moderate to severe mental health problems on the Central Coast in Australia. This paper presents an overview of client data and service use collected over a 1 year period specific to the Youth Mental Health (YMH) component of the service.
The contribution of leadership and human resources to organizational success: An empirical assessment of performance in major league baseball

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to an underdeveloped area within the resource‐based view (RBV) of strategic management. Relatively little work has been carried out concerning the concurrent contribution of leadership and human resources to a given organization's success. We investigated the relative contribution of these two resources to competitive advantage within the context of professional baseball. We found that player resources (defense/pitching and offence/batting) explained 67% of the variance in winning percentage, while leadership explained very little (slightly more than 1%) of the variance. We relate our results to seminal RBV arguments and find these supportive of our findings. We also explore the minimal contribution of leadership in our results. We suggest a number of ways that future research could investigate this further. While we limited the leadership construct to the “field manager,” future studies could expand the construct to include the “management team” (i.e., include coaches) and/or corporate leadership.
Taille de pays et stratégie de concurrence fiscale des petits pays

In this paper, we try to understand the economic policies choice of countries in terms of size. According to the case whether a country is large or small, it will have different incentives in the choice of its growth strategy. Theoretically, a large country would prefer use a policy which stimulate its domestic demand while a small country will choose a strategy improving its competitiveness and its attractiveness, because net exports contribute significantly to economic growth. In a monetary union framework, like the euro area, these choices are critical. Thus we highlight the European construction, in particular the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is an asymmetric process promoting both small countries and the implementation of non-cooperative growth policies. Among them, we are particularly interested in the introduction of a tax competition as a growth policy in some countries. This policy should be regarded as an opportunist strategy of small countries harmful to the overall growth of the EU
Sustainable Mountain Biking: A Case Study from the Southwest of Western Australia

The environmental impacts of mountain biking and rider preferences in Southwest Western Australia were analysed to determine appropriate trail design and to ensure that this popular nature-based activity has minimal environmental impact while meeting rider requirements. Environmental impacts such as soil erosion and compaction, trail widening and changes in vegetation cover on a recreational trail and racing track were monitored for 12 months to determine the short- and long-term effects of riding during winter (rainy) and summer (dry) seasons. Rider preferences were determined through a survey of mountain bike riders in the region. The study found that trail erosion, soil compaction, trail widening and vegetation damage can occur but they can be avoided or minimised with appropriate trail siting, design and management. The study also found that rider preferences for downhills, steep slopes, curves and jumps along with water stations and trail markings need to be included in the siting and design of the trails. When multiple-use trails are considered, mountain bikers are willing to share the trail with other users except motorised vehicles.
Interactive comment on “An Assessment of the Impact of ATMS and CrIS Data Assimilation on Precipitation Prediction over the Tibetan Plateau” by Tong Xue et al

Referee 3 Specific comments 1. The data usage percentage of CrIS is low. Is the full spectral data file, instead of a subset file, used and read in the GSI? Answer: Yes, you are right, the percentage of the assimilated CrIS data is low. The full spectral data are read in GSI, but the used data is low. In current study, the channels of CrIS are selected according to the NOAA operational system, there are only low percentage channels selected. Then the data will be processed through the data quality control including the data thinning, a large part of data have been kicked out. For example, the clear cloud data will be used, the other part have not been used. So the final used in GSI is very low.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING EXPECTATIONS GAP: AUSTRALIAN EVIDENCE

Recent research of corporate reporting practices has suggested that corporate environmental reporting within Australia, and a number of other countries, is typically deficient and not of a standard to satisfy the information needs of various classes of report readers. This paper explores whether a potential information demand/supply imbalance is due to differing perceptions between report users and report preparers as to the relative importance of various items of environmental performance information to the users? decision making processes. The paper explores whether an environmental reporting ? expectations gap? exists within Australia. The study sponsored by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia, surveyed the attitudes of senior executives within 462 of the largest companies within Australia (the preparers group), as well as the attitudes of 474 individuals from various categories of annual report users. In comparing the responses, significant differences between the views of users and the preparers were found to exist in relation to various issues associated with corporate environmental performance reporting. The evidence is consistent with the existence of an environmental reporting expectations gap within Australia.
Exploring Managerial Mechanisms that Influence Innovative Work Behaviour: Comparing private and public employees

Increasing employees’ innovative work behaviour is a complex process of developing an internal climate supportive of idea generation and realization through use of financial, participative, and decentralization mechanisms. This article investigates the effectiveness of these managerial mechanisms in a public versus private context. In a survey in Scandinavia, 8,310 full-time employees were split into public and private employees and analysed with regression models for differences in effectiveness. From the results, two distinct perceptions emerged. Public employees perceive innovative work behaviour as extra-role behaviour to be compensated for. Private employees recognize innovative work behaviour as necessary behaviour for career advancement.