Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epicardial right atrial free wall mapping in chronic atrial fibrillation. Documentation of repetitive activation with a focal spread--a hitherto unrecognised phenomenon in man.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that atrial fibrillation of recent onset in man is based on a varying number of simultaneously present activation waves reentering either themselves or each other. In the present study, right atrial activation during chronic atrial fibrillation in man was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS In 16 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation multiple epicardial recordings of 8 s each were made at the right atrial posterior free wall and at the appendage using a 20 x 35 mm electrode array with 56 bipolar measurement points. The preferable activation pattern of each recording and the propagation direction, cycle length and conduction velocity of individual activation waves within each recording were determined. Activation was characterized by unorganised activation with several simultaneously present activation waves: inconsistent preferable activation pattern (n = 5), predominantly organised activation with either frequent episodes of uniform activation: consistent preferable activation pattern (n = 7) or frequent episodes of activation with focal spread; focal preferable activation pattern (n = 4). Random re-entry was frequently documented in recordings with the inconsistent preferable activation pattern and less frequently in recordings with the consistent and focal preferable activation pattern. Complete re-entry circuits were rarely documented. The median fibrillation cycle length was 146, 159 (P < 0.05) and 165 ms (not significant) and the mean conduction velocity during uniform activation was 64, 67 and 83 cm. s-1 (not significant) in recordings with the inconsistent, consistent and focal preferable activation pattern, respectively. CONCLUSIONS During chronic atrial fibrillation in man, right atrial free wall activation ranges from disorganised activation with multiple co-existing activation waves to predominantly organised activation characterized by either uniform activation consistent with the presence of large re-entry circuits or repetitive activation of unknown mechanism and focal spread.
Detecting adversarial example attacks to deep neural networks

Deep learning has recently become the state of the art in many computer vision applications and in image classification in particular. However, recent works have shown that it is quite easy to create adversarial examples, i.e., images intentionally created or modified to cause the deep neural network to make a mistake. They are like optical illusions for machines containing changes unnoticeable to the human eye. This represents a serious threat for machine learning methods. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of the representations learned by the fooled neural network, analyzing the activations of its hidden layers. Specifically, we tested scoring approaches used for kNN classification, in order to distinguishing between correctly classified authentic images and adversarial examples. The results show that hidden layers activations can be used to detect incorrect classifications caused by adversarial attacks.
Dementia and Behavioral Disturbance: Does Premorbid Personality Really Matter?

This study considers the influence of premorbid personality on the expression of behavioral disturbances among individuals with dementia. A total of 68 outpatients with a diagnosis of dementia were assessed for current cognitive functioning, premorbid personality traits, and new behavioral disturbances since dementia onset. The results of this study show some evidence for the influence of personality on the expression of both irritability and withdrawal. Specifically, increased withdrawal and irritability after dementia onset were associated with an inhibited premorbid personality style. In addition, a premorbidly independent personality style was associated with less withdrawal. Further research is needed to clarify the role of premorbid personality on behaviors in this population.
The Erotetic Theory of Attention: Questions, Focus and Distraction

Attention has a role in much of perception, thought, and action. On the erotetic theory, the functional role of attention is a matter of the relationship between questions and what counts as answers to those questions. Questions encode the completion conditions of tasks for cognitive control purposes, and degrees of attention are degrees of sensitivity to the occurrence of answers. Questions and answers are representational contents given precise characterizations using tools from formal semantics, though attention does not depend on language. The erotetic theory proposes an integrated account of attention in cognitive control and of attentional focus in perception. The functional role of attentional focus on objects, properties, and locations has to do with picking out something that corresponds to what a task is 'about'. The erotetic theory of attention opens new avenues in theorizing about the relationship between attention, representational content, phenomenal character, and practical reason. A novel representationalist account of salience is proposed. The theory also provides an account of distraction that suggests when distraction is a defect in practical reasoning.
Low dose intravaginal misoprostol versus intracervical baloon catheter for pre-induction cervical ripening.

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of low dose misoprostol as a ripening agent compared to the widely used balloon catheter in developing countries is undetermined. OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of a low dose intravaginal misoprostol and intracervical Foley's catheter for cervical ripening. DESIGN A prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING Zonal General Hospital, Kwale, Nigeria from June 1, 1998 to May 30, 2001. METHODS Candidates for pre-induction cervical ripening were randomized to receive either 250 mcg of intravaginal misoprostol every four hours (n = 60) or intracervical Foley's catheter (n = 61). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Failure to achieve cervical ripening within 24 hours, need for augmentation, maternal and foetal complications. RESULTS Failure to achieve cervical ripening within two hours was reduced with misoprostol (Relative Risk [RR] 0.63, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.43 - 0.92). Need for oxytocin augmentation was less in the misoprostol group (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.91). No significant differences existed in rates for uterine hyperstimulation, Caesarean section, maternal and neonatal morbidity. CONCLUSION Intravaginal misoprostol in a low dose was compared to intracervical balloon catheter for pre-induction ripening of the cervix.
Arrow of time in a recollapsing quantum universe.

We argue that the Wheeler-DeWitt equation with a consistent boundary condition is only compatible with an arrow of time that formally reverses in a recollapsing universe. To recover a classically recollapsing universe in terms of wave packets, we impose the usual boundary condition of excluding exponentially increasing wave functions for large scale factors. Consistency of these opposite arrows is then facilitated by quantum effects in the region of the classical turning point. We also discuss in this context the meaning of the time-asymmetric expression used in the definition of ``consistent histories. '' Since gravitational time dilation diverges at horizons, one has to conclude that collapsing matter must start reexpanding ``anticausally'' (controlled by the reversed arrow) in this scenario before horizons or singularities can form. There would then also be no mass inflation nor any information loss paradox.
Scholar, Clinical and Emotional Maladjustment in 8-12 School-age Children: Adaptation of the Self-Report Version of the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-S2) to the Basque-speaking Population

Emotional disorders influence pupils’ school adjustment, but there are some serious deficiencies as regards the identification of the children in question. Hence the need for reliable and valid diagnostic tools. The objectives of this study are twofold: to study the rates of school maladjustment, clinical maladjustment and emotional symptoms according to sex and age; and to adapt to the Basque language (euskara) and subsequently validate the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), in its selfreport version for pupils aged 8 to 12 years (S2). Participants were 795 pupils from seven schools in the Basque Country Autonomous Region. Fifteen per cent of the pupils presented school maladjustment, the rate in boys being higher than in girls. Thirteen per cent also presented emotional symptoms, which were especially detected in 12-year-old girls. As regards the Basque version of the BASC-S2, its psychometric properties were found to be adequate.
Resilience And Academic Achievement Of Male And Female Secondary Level Students In Pakistan

Resilience is the ability to succeed despite barriers that make it difficult for the students to succeed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience and academic achievement of secondary level students of Gujranwala, Pakistan. A Resilience scale was used to collect data. The sample consisted of 127 secondary students, including 52 boys and 75 girls. The data revealed that there was no association between resilience and achievement as measured through marks obtained in 10 th grade. The boys are more resilient than girls at the secondary level in Pakistan.
Country of Origin as a Heuristic Cue: The Effects of Message Ambiguity and Product Involvement

This research applies the heuristic-systematic model to understand how country-of-origin (CO) cues can affect the way consumers process advertising messages and evaluate advertised products under different conditions. Findings of Experiment 1 show that, when product information is ambiguous, consumers are more likely to engage in heuristic processing, relying on CO cues to infer product quality and form their product evaluations. However, when product information is unambiguous, consumers engage in systematic processing and evaluate the product based on their assessments of product attributes. Findings of Experiment 2 further suggest that product involvement affects the extent to which consumers engage in heuristic processing when message ambiguity is at different levels. Specifically, mediational analyses indicate that, when product information featured in an ad is ambiguous, a low-involving product engages consumers in heuristic processing. Furthermore, when product information is unambiguous, a low-involving product engages consumers in systematic processing, whereas a high-involving product involves participants in an additivity processing style in which CO cue-based heuristic processing and attribute-based systematic processing co-occur.
Shared Virtue: The Convergence of Valued Human Strengths across Culture and History

Positive psychology needs an agreed-upon way of classifying positive traits as a backbone for research, diagnosis, and intervention. As a 1st step toward classification, the authors examined philosophical and religious traditions in China (Confucianism and Taoism), South Asia (Buddhism and Hinduism), and the West (Athenian philosophy, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) for the answers each provided to questions of moral behavior and the good life. The authors found that 6 core virtues recurred in these writings: courage, justice, humanity, temperance, wisdom, and transcendence. This convergence suggests a nonarbitrary foundation for the classification of human strengths and virtues.
Genetic association of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1*2) polymorphism with NQO1 levels and risk of diabetic nephropathy

Abstract NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) catalyzes reactions having a cyto-protective effect against redox cycling and oxidative stress. A single base polymorphism (C/T) at nucleotide 609 of the NQO1 gene impairs the stability and function of its protein. Its role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been deciphered. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of NQO1*2 (rs1800566) polymorphism with plasma NQO1 levels and DN. This study screened 600 participants including healthy controls (HC), type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN): 200 each for studying NQO1*2 gene polymorphism using the PCR-RFLP. Plasma NQO1 levels were measured by ELISA. Analysis of variance and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association of NQO1 polymorphism with plasma NQO1 levels and DN. The allelic frequencies of NQO1*1/NQO1*2 were 0.88/0.12 in HC, 0.765/0.235 in T2DM and 0.65/0.35 in DN. Carriers of the NQO1*2 allele had significantly lower plasma NQO1 levels (p<0.05) and revealed higher risk towards the development of DN (OR=1.717, p=0.010). NQO1*2 SNP is a functional polymorphism having a significant effect on NQO1 levels. Our results indicate that NQO1*2 genotype may increase susceptibility to DN in north Indian subjects with T2DM.
Whose Risk in Philadelphia? Proximity to Unequally Hazardous Industrial Facilities*

Few researchers have investigated who lives near the worst polluting facilities. In this study, we test for disparate impact from hazardous industrial and infrastructure facilities on racial/ethnic minorities, the disadvantaged, the working class, and manufacturing workers in the nine-county Philadelphia MSA. Copyright (c) 2007 Southwestern Social Science Association.
Northern Helping Practitioners and the Phenomenon of Secondary Trauma

This article highlights a narrative inquiry study that considered the experience of and the effects on 8 northern helping practitioners (5 women, 3 men, ages 30–60) who have 7 to 40 years of experience in providing trauma support in isolated communities in north¬ern BC and the Yukon. Using a three-phase narrative analysis, 10 categories provided a structure for arranging the themes generated from the eight narratives. Six metathemes were interpreted from the data: helping takes over life, humanity, respectful engagement, invested and embedded, profoundly affected, and belief. Protective factors found in elements of embeddedness and connectiveness of practitioners and their motivation for doing the work they do emerged from the study.
Demand feeding or schedule feeding: Infant growth from birth to 6 months

The present study reports the results of a retrospective examination of infant feeding practices on growth from birth to 6 months. Forty-eight 1-year-old infants were recruited from a paediatric clinic. Based on questionnaire responses regarding the infant's daily eating routine from birth to 6 months, mothers were classified as feeding their infants on demand or on a schedule. Infant weight, body length and head circumference were recorded (raw and percentile rank) from birth, and 2-, 4-, and 6-month-old clinic visits. After adjusting for birth measure differences in separate regression equations for each growth variable, feeding style did not significantly account for variation on later measures. These data suggest that there is no pervasive differential effect of demand vs. schedule feeding on infant growth from birth to 6 months.
A 0.26-nJ/node, 400-kHz Tx Driving, Filtered Fully Differential Readout IC With Parasitic RC Time Delay Reduction Technique for 65-in $169 \times 97$ Capacitive-Type Touch Screen Panel

This paper presents a readout method and circuit for large, capacitive-type touch-screen panels (TSPs). Despite the considerable amount of RC time delay of large-area TSPs, the proposed readout method with a receiver (Rx) input series-capacitor improves the settling speed of signals transferred from the transmitter (Tx) to the Rx, by reducing the RC time delay. Combined with the Rx input series-capacitor, a capacitive-input fully differential filtered charge integrator effectively cancels out the display noise and reduces the self-noise in capacitive-type TSPs. The proposed Rx circuit was implemented using 0.35-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS. Using a 65-in metal-mesh TSP with 169 Tx and 97 Rx electrodes mounted on a liquid-crystal display for testing, the proposed readout method achieved 65% reduction of signal settling time within an accuracy of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\geq 3\tau $ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the longest signal path of the TSP. Using the RC time delay reduction technique, the Tx driving frequency could be boosted by as much as 400 kHz, and the measured signal-to-noise ratio of 43.5 dB was obtained for finger touch at a 120-Hz scan rate, resulting in a figure-of-merit of 0.26 nJ/node, while the overall power consumption was 76 mW.
Heavy Metal Poisoning and Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasing world health problem. Traditional risk factors fail to account for all deaths from CVD. It is mainly the environmental, dietary and lifestyle behavioral factors that are the control keys in the progress of this disease. The potential association between chronic heavy metal exposure, like arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and CVD has been less well defined. The mechanism through which heavy metals act to increase cardiovascular risk factors may act still remains unknown, although impaired antioxidants metabolism and oxidative stress may play a role. However, the exact mechanism of CVD induced by heavy metals deserves further investigation either through animal experiments or through molecular and cellular studies. Furthermore, large-scale prospective studies with follow up on general populations using appropriate biomarkers and cardiovascular endpoints might be recommended to identify the factors that predispose to heavy metals toxicity in CVD. In this review, we will give a brief summary of heavy metals homeostasis, followed by a description of the available evidence for their link with CVD and the proposed mechanisms of action by which their toxic effects might be explained. Finally, suspected interactions between genetic, nutritional and environmental factors are discussed.
Behavior Patterns and Sexual Identity of Bisexual Males

Bisexuality may be measured in terms of bisexual behavior or bisexual self‐identity. The relationship between the two is poorly understood. Data from a 1982 survey of readers of Playboy magazine are used to examine the identity and behavior of 6,982 men who acknowledged adult sexual experiences with both men and women. Of these, 29 percent described themselves as bisexual, 2 percent as homosexual, and 69 percent as heterosexual in identification. Those with a bisexual identity were more likely to have had homosexual experiences as adolescents and to describe their adult sexual behavior as predominantly or sometimes homosexual rather than predominantly heterosexual. The sexual behaviors reported by bisexual men would place them at intermediate risk of acquiring or transmitting sexually transmitted diseases—higher than exclusively heterosexual but lower than exclusively homosexual men. Results suggest that a definition of bisexuality based exclusively on identity would fail to capture most men with adult bi.
p 53 mutations in classic and pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast

Background p53 is a tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in human cancers. Although alterations in p53 are common in breast cancer, few studies have specifically investigated TP53 mutations in the breast cancer subtype invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Recently reported conditional mouse models have indicated that functional p53 inactivation may play a role in ILC development and progression. Since reports on the detection of TP53 mutations in the relatively favorable classic and more aggressive pleomorphic variants of ILC (PILC) are rare and ambiguous, we performed a comprehensive analysis to determine the mutation status of TP53 in these breast cancer subtypes. Methods To increase our understanding of p53-mediated pathways and the roles they may play in the etiology of classic ILC and PILC, we investigated TP53 mutations and p53 accumulation in a cohort of 22 cases of classic and 19 cases of PILC by direct DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Results We observed 11 potentially pathogenic TP53 mutations, of which three were detected in classic ILC (13.6%) and 8 in PILC (42.1%; p=0.04). While p53 protein accumulation was not significantly different between classic and pleomorphic ILC, mutations that affected structure and protein function were significantly associated with p53 protein levels. Conclusion TP53 mutations occur more frequently in PILC than classic ILC.
Gender Images and the Evolution of Work Roles in Mexican Film: A Pilot Content Study of Pre- and Post-NAFTA Periods

Abstract Most of the debate about globalization focuses on the effects of trade liberalization and the movement of goods, services, and money across national boundaries. A less discussed, but equally important impact of globalization involves the movement of ideas, concepts, and culture. It has been argued that one of the benefits of globalization is the transfer of positive societal changes across previously impervious borders. In this study we examine award-winning Mexican films from two time periods, pre-NAFTA and post-NAFTA, and evaluate how women are portrayed within professional settings in the films. Using multiple raters, we statistically examine character roles, social relationships between characters, and the level of sexism within the films. We then discuss whether or not cultural portrayals appear to be paralleling the recent societal trends seen in Mexico.
The relationship between reactance and engagement in a child welfare sample

Parents frequently do not engage in child welfare services. A lack of engagement can lead to significant negative consequences for families. A relationship between psychological reactance and engagement in the context of child welfare work has been theorized but not examined empirically. This paper presents the results of a preliminary descriptive study (N = 43) which found a significant negative relationship (r = −0.277, P < 0.05) between individual reactance levels and levels of engagement in child welfare services. A four-dimension measure of engagement was used. Significant relationships were found between reactance and the dimensions of working relationship (r = −0.260, P < −0.05) and mistrust (r = 0.340, P < 0.05) and a similar trend was seen with a third dimension, receptivity (r = −0.245, P = 0.056). There was no significant relationship between reactance and the fourth dimension, buy-in. The implications of these findings for child welfare work are explored.
Optimism, pessimism, and depressive symptoms in spouses of lung cancer patients

Although large numbers of caregivers of severely ill patients show elevated levels of depression, the considerable variability in caregivers’ reactions point to the influence of individual resources and vulnerabilities. The present study assessed how optimism and pessimism relate to depressive symptoms in 138 spouses of lung cancer patients. After statistical control for cancer stage and sociodemographic characteristics, pessimism was related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. No main effect of optimism on depressive symptoms was found. However, an interaction effect of optimism with cancer stage emerged, indicating a negative association between optimism and depressive symptoms in spouses of patients with regional and advanced cancer (stages III and IV). The cross-sectional results were replicated in longitudinal analysis with a subsample of 60 respondents who were still providing care after one year.