Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Disambiguation Models for Wide-Coverage HPSG Parsing

This paper reports the development of log-linear models for the disambiguation in wide-coverage HPSG parsing. The estimation of log-linear models requires high computational cost, especially with wide-coverage grammars. Using techniques to reduce the estimation cost, we trained the models using 20 sections of Penn Tree-bank. A series of experiments empirically evaluated the estimation techniques, and also examined the performance of the disambiguation models on the parsing of real-world sentences.
Altered resting‐state connectivity during interictal generalized spike‐wave discharges in drug‐naïve childhood absence epilepsy

Purpose: To investigate the intrinsic brain connections at the time of interictal generalized spike‐wave discharges (GSWDs) to understand their mechanism of effect on brain function in untreated childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). Methods: The EEG‐functional MRI (fMRI) was used to measure the resting state functional connectivity during interictal GSWDs in drug‐naïve CAE, and three different brain networks—the default mode network (DMN), cognitive control network (CCN), and affective network (AN)—were investigated. Results: Cross‐correlation functional connectivity analysis with priori seed revealed decreased functional connectivity within each of these three networks in the CAE patients during interictal GSWDS. It included precuneus‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and inferior parietal lobule in the DMN; DLPFC‐inferior frontal junction (IFJ), and pre‐supplementary motor area (pre‐SMA) subregions connectivity disruption in CCN; ACC‐ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and DMPFC in AN; There were also some regions, primarily the parahippcampus, paracentral in AN, and the left frontal mid orb in the CCN, which showed increased connectivity. Conclusions: The current findings demonstrate significant alterations of resting‐state networks in drug naïve CAE subjects during interictal GSWDs and interictal GSWDs can cause dysfunction in specific networks important for psychosocial function. Impairment of these networks may cause deficits both during and between seizures. Our study may contribute to the understanding of neuro‐pathophysiological mechanism of psychosocial function impairments in patients with CAE. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Re-assessing the usability metric for user experience (UMUX) scale

Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX) and its shorter form variant UMUX-LITE are recent additions to standardized usability questionnaires. UMUX aims to measure perceived usability by employing fewer items that are in closer conformance with the ISO 9241 definition of usability, while UMUX-LITE conforms to the technology acceptance model (TAM). UMUX has been criticized regarding its reliability, validity, and sensitivity, but these criticisms are mostly based on reported findings associated with the data collected by the developer of the questionnaire. Our study re-evaluates the UMUX and UMUX-LITE scales using psychometric methods with data sets acquired through two usability evaluation studies: an online word processor evaluation survey (n = 405) and a web-based mind map software evaluation survey for three applications (n = 151). Data sets yielded similar results for indicators of reliability. Both UMUX and UMUX-LITE items were sensitive to the software when the scores for the evaluated software were not very close, but we could not detect a significant difference between the software when the scores were closer. UMUX and UMUX-LITE items were also sensitive to users' level of experience with the software evaluated in this study. Neither of the scales was found to be sensitive to the participants' age, gender, or whether they were native English speakers. The scales significantly correlated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ), indicating their concurrent validity. The parallel analysis of principal components of UMUX pointed out a single latent variable, which was confirmed through a factor analysis, that showed the data fits better to a single-dimension factor structure.
Perform kicking with or without jumping: joint coordination and kinetic differences between Taekwondo back kicks and jumping back kicks

Abstract We investigated joint coordination differences between Taekwondo back kicks and jumping back kicks, and how jumping (in performing the latter) would alter engaging ground reaction forces (GRF) in executing kicking. Ten skilful athletes volunteered to perform both kinds of kicking within the shortest time for three successful trials. Three high-speed cameras and two force platforms were used for data collection, and the trial with the shortest execution time was selected for analysis. Movements were divided into the rotation and attack phases. With comparable execution time and maximum joint linear/angular speeds, back kicks and jumping back kicks differ mainly in larger GRF in the latter, and in greater target acceleration in the former probably because the support leg prevented athletes’ rebounding after impact. In addition, more prominent antiphase and in-phase coordination between the shoulder segment and knee joint, and elongated rotation phase were found in jumping back kicks. Larger GRF values in jumping back kicks were generated for jump take-off rather than for a more powerful attack. In back kicks although the support leg remained ground contact, greatly decreased GRF in the attack phase suggested that the support leg mainly served as a rotation axis.
The Effects of Cropping Regimes on Fungal and Bacterial Communities of Wheat and Faba Bean in a Greenhouse Pot Experiment Differ between Plant Species and Compartment

Many bacteria and fungi in the plant rhizosphere and endosphere are beneficial to plant nutrient acquisition, health, and growth. Although playing essential roles in ecosystem functioning, our knowledge about the effects of multiple cropping regimes on the plant microbiome and their interactions is still limited. Here, we designed a pot experiment simulating different cropping regimes. For this purpose, wheat and faba bean plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions in monocultures and in two intercropping regimes: row and mixed intercropping. Bacterial and fungal communities in bulk and rhizosphere soils as well as in the roots and aerial plant parts were analyzed using large-scale metabarcoding. We detected differences in microbial richness and diversity between the cropping regimes. Generally, observed effects were attributed to differences between mixed and row intercropping or mixed intercropping and monoculture. Bacterial and fungal diversity were significantly higher in bulk soil samples of wheat and faba bean grown in mixed compared to row intercropping. Moreover, microbial communities varied between crop species and plant compartments resulting in different responses of these communities toward cropping regimes. Leaf endophytes were not affected by cropping regime but bacterial and fungal community structures in bulk and rhizosphere soil as well as fungal community structures in roots. We further recorded highly complex changes in microbial interactions. The number of negative inter-domain correlations between fungi and bacteria decreased in bulk and rhizosphere soil in intercropping regimes compared to monocultures due to beneficial effects. In addition, we observed plant species-dependent differences indicating that intra- and interspecific competition between plants had different effects on the plant species and thus on their associated microbial communities. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating microbial communities in different plant compartments with respect to multiple cropping regimes using large-scale metabarcoding. Although a simple design simulating different cropping regimes was used, obtained results contribute to the understanding how cropping regimes affect bacterial and fungal communities and their interactions in different plant compartments. Nonetheless, we need field experiments to properly quantify observed effects in natural ecosystems.
Multi-criteria geographic distribution approach: A case study of Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fhåraeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The objective of this study was to estimate the potential distribution of Rhyssomatus nigerrimus in Mexico. Point presence data and bioclimatic data were used to construct the model. Kernel density distributions were estimated for the bioclimatic layers to represent the response function and to combine them. The vulnerability of municipalities planted with soybean was computed as a function of suitability and revenue. Results showed a medium to high potential occurrence in the northern states of Mexico: Tamaulipas, North of Veracruz in the Gulf of Mexico and Sonora and Sinaloa in the Pacific Ocean. Low suitability occurred in the northern and central areas of the country. The Area under the Curve was 0.805 and the True Skill Statistics was 0.625, both indices supporting the validity of the model. Soybeanplanted municipalities in Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Chiapas and Campeche were estimated to have a medium to high vulnerability to pest occurrence.
Spatial Heterogeneity and the Wage Curve Revisited

Most ‘wage curve’ studies treat local labour markets as independent ‘islands’ in the national economy. However, when a local labour market is in close proximity of other labour markets, a local shock that increases unemployment may not lead to lower pay rates if employers fear outward migration of their workers. Hence, the unemployment elasticity of pay will be greater, the more isolated the local labour market is. Wages are also expected to be higher in regions that interact strongly with other regions. These hypotheses are confirmed by means of an estimation of wage curves with data for 327 regions of western Germany over the period 1990-97.
Handbook for Synthesizing Qualitative Research

* Preface * Acknowledgments * Introduction: Attitudes, Assumptions, and Caveats * The Urge to Synthesize * Conceiving the Qualitative Research Synthesis Study Resources * Searching For and Retrieving Qualitative Research Reports * Appraising Reports of Qualitative Studies * Classifying the Findings in Qualitative Research Reports * Synthesizing Qualitative Research Findings: Qualitative Metasummary * Synthesizing Qualitative Research Findings: Qualitative Metasynthesis * Optimizing the Validity of Qualitative Research Synthesis Studies * Presenting Syntheses of Qualitative Research Findings * Appendix * Index.
Differential Glycosylation of Tractin and LeechCAM, Two Novel Ig Superfamily Members, Regulates Neurite Extension and Fascicle Formation

By immunoaffinity purification with the mAb Lan3-2, we have identified two novel Ig superfamily members, Tractin and LeechCAM. LeechCAM is an NCAM/FasII/ApCAM homologue, whereas Tractin is a cleaved protein with several unique features that include a PG/YG repeat domain that may be part of or interact with the extracellular matrix. Tractin and LeechCAM are widely expressed neural proteins that are differentially glycosylated in sets and subsets of peripheral sensory neurons that form specific fascicles in the central nervous system. In vivo antibody perturbation of the Lan3-2 glycoepitope demonstrates that it can selectively regulate extension of neurites and filopodia. Thus, these experiments provide evidence that differential glycosylation can confer functional diversity and specificity to widely expressed neural proteins.
Noise‐induced vocal modulation in cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)

The Lombard effect—an increase in vocalization amplitude in response to an increase in background noise—is observed in a wide variety of animals. We investigated this basic form of vocal control in the cotton‐top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) by measuring the amplitude of a contact call, the combination long call (CLC), while simultaneously varying the background noise level. All subjects showed a significant increase in call amplitude and syllable duration in response to an increase in background noise amplitude. Together with prior results, this study shows that tamarins have greater vocal control in the context of auditory feedback perturbation than previously suspected. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1183–1190, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chlamydia species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada

Chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in several studies. However, there has been no comprehensive study of the role of Chlamydia species (C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci (avian and feline strains) and C. pecorum) as a cause of CAP. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci and C. pecorum as causes of CAP. A prospective cohort observational study of CAP was conducted at 15 teaching centres in eight Canadian provinces between January 1996–October 1997. Acute (n=539) and convalescent (n=272) serum samples were obtained for determination of antibody titres to C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci, C. pecorum, C. trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila serogroups I–VI, Streptococcus pneumoniae and various respiratory viruses. Twelve of 539 (2.2%) patients had acute C. pneumoniae pneumonia and an additional 32 (5.9%) had possible acute infection. C. pneumoniae was the sole pathogen in 16 of 42 (38.1%) of these patients. The most common copathogens were S. pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus type A. C. pneumoniae pneumonia patients were older and more likely to show congestive heart failure compared to bacteraemic S. pneumoniae patients. The latter had a lower mean diastolic blood pressure, a higher white blood cell count and a lower arterial carbon dioxide tension. Two patients had antibody titres suggestive of recent infection with the feline strain of C. psittaci. Although numerically Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia, no distinctive clinical features associated with this pathogen were detected in the present study. Feline Chlamydia psittaci may cause a few cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Avian Chlamydia psittaci should be considered only if there is a compatible epidemiological history.
The Yoga sūtras of Patañjali : a new edition, translation, and commentary : with insights from the traditional commentators

Written almost two millennia ago, Patanjali's work focuses on how to attain the direct experience and realization of the purusa: the innermost individual self, or soul. As the classical treatise on the Hindu understanding of mind and consciousness and on the technique of meditation, it has exerted immense influence over the religious practices of Hinduism in India and, more recently, in the West. Edwin F. Bryant's translation is clear, direct, and exact. Each sutra is presented as Sanskrit text, transliteration, and precise English translation, and is followed by Bryant's authoritative commentary, which is grounded in the classical understanding of yoga and conveys the meaning and depth of the sutras in a user-friendly manner for a Western readership without compromising scholarly rigor or traditional authenticity. In addition, Bryant presents insights drawn from the primary traditional commentaries on the sutras written over the last millennium and a half.
Deep Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion Utilizing Complex Many-to-Many Alignments

Efﬁcient grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion models are considered indispensable components to achieve the state-of-the-art performance in modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. The role of these models is to provide such systems with a means to generate accurate pronunciations for unseen words. Recent work in this domain is based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) that are capable of translating grapheme sequences into phoneme sequences taking into account the full context of graphemes. To achieve high performance with these models, utilizing explicit alignment information is found essential. The quality of the G2P model heavily depends on the imposed alignment constraints. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed using complex many-to-many G2P alignments to improve the performance of G2P models based on deep bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) RNNs. Extensive experiments cover models with different numbers of hidden layers, projection layer, input splicing windows, and varying alignment schemes. One observes that complex alignments signiﬁcantly improve the performance on the publicly available CMUDict US English dataset. We compare our results with previously published results.
Semantic Textual Similarity Methods, Tools, and Applications: A Survey

Measuring Semantic Textual Similarity (STS), between words/ terms, sentences, paragraph and document plays an important role in computer science and computational linguistic. It also has many application sover several fields such as Biomedical Informatics and Geoinformation. In this paper, we present a survey on different methods of textual similarity and we also reported about the availability of different software and tools those are useful for STS. In natural language processing (NLP), STS is a important component formany tasks such as document summarization, word sense disambiguation, short answer grading, information retrieval and extraction. We split out the measures for semantic similarity into three broad categories such as (i) Topological/Knowledge-based (ii) Statistical/Corpus Based (iii) String based. More emphasisi s given to the methods related to the WordNet taxonomy. Because topological methods, plays an important role to understand intended meaning of an ambiguous word, which is very difficult to process computationally. We also propose a new method for measuring semantic similarity between sentences. This proposed method, uses the advantages of taxonomy methods and merge these information to a language model. It considers the WordNet synsets for lexical relationships between nodes/words and a uni-gram language model is implemented over a large corpus to assign the information content value between the two nodes of different classes.
On the Optimal Performance in Asymmetric Gaussian Wireless Sensor Networks With Fading

We study the estimation of a Gaussian source by a Gaussian wireless sensor network (WSN) where L distributed sensors transmit noisy observations of the source through a fading Gaussian multiple access channel to a fusion center. In a recent work Gastpar, [¿Uncoded transmission is exactly optimal for a Simple Gaussian Sensor Network¿, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 5247-5251, Nov. 2008] showed that for a symmetric Gaussian WSN with no fading, uncoded (analog) transmission achieves the optimal performance theoretically attainable (OPTA). In this correspondence, we consider an asymmetric fading WSN in which the sensors have differing noise and transmission powers. We first present lower and upper bounds on the system's OPTA under random fading. We next focus on asymmetric networks with deterministic fading. By comparing the obtained lower and upper OPTA bounds under deterministic fading, we provide a sufficient condition for the optimality of the uncoded transmission scheme for a given power tuple \mbi P=(P 1,P 2,.,PL) . Then, allowing the sensor powers to vary under a weighted sum constraint (this includes the sum-power constraint as a special case), we obtain a sufficient condition for the optimality of uncoded transmission and provide the system's corresponding OPTA.
The Customer, Co-Worker, and Management Burnout. Distinction in Service Settings

ABSTRACT Academic research indicates that distinct types of workplace burnout exist in service settings, including management burnout (MBO), customer burnout (CUBO), and co-worker burnout (CWBO). Each type of burnout can have detrimental influences on important service outcomes. As managers attempt to improve service quality, it is important that they consider the impact of each burnout dimension. The current work extends previous work on the psychological antecedents of burnout by considering the effects of personality traits on these distinct types of burnout and by considering the extent to which each type of burnout influences customer contact behaviors and propensity to leave the service organization. The researchers present the results of an empirical study that included survey data obtained from banking employees. The results support several hypothesized relationships that relate personality traits to each burnout facet, as well as the hypothesized influence of the burnout dimensions on customer contact performance and intentions to leave the service firm. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Disability, Sport, and the Body in China

The 1980s and 1990s witnessed the emergence of disability sport in China and a flurry of state-sanctioned propaganda on Chinese disabled people competing in national and international sporting events. This phenomenon and the discourses surrounding it warrant further inquiry. This paper analyzes a selection of state propaganda with a view to understanding dominant state constructions of disability and sport in contemporary China. This is done with reference to recent disability policy and legislation in China, the emergence of Western-style sport in China and the historical development of state discourses of body, nation, and sport.
Self concept: mothers and their children

Over the past 30 years divorce has been on the incline, resulting in more children living in one parent families, the majority headed by single mothers. The study of the impact of divorce and outcomes for children and their mothers has become increasingly important. According to many researchers, the study of self-concept is considered to be one of the best indicators of a person's psychological adjustment and wellbeing (Hattie, 1992; Ford, 1985). Studies have neglected to consider selfconcept as a major focus and consider the relationship between the child's selfconcept and their mother's self-concept. This study focuses on single mothers and their children aged between 8 and 12 years of age. Harter's (1985, 1986) SelfPerception Profile for Children (SPPC) and Adult Self-Perception Profile (ASPP) were used to investigate whether a relationship exists between mother's and child's self-concept. Positive relationships were expected between single mother's and their child's self-concept domains. Correlations amongst mothers-daughters self-concept domains were expected to be stronger than for mothers-sons. The results indicated that relationships exist between the mother's wellbeing and her child's wellbeing. Some specific domains of self-esteem were found to be of more importance than others. Variance in the child's global self-worth was accounted for by the adult domains most highly correlated with the child domains; Adult Morality, Adult Physical Appearance and Adult Global Self-Worth. From the positive responses given by both mothers and children the study highlights that Australian single mother families, in comparison to reports from other countries, are doing well and their children are developing positive self-regard. Author: Supervisor: Submitted: Leanne Wood Ms Lisbeth Pike May, 1999