Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hazard Perception in Driving

Hazard perception in driving refers to a driver’s ability to anticipate potentially dangerous situations on the road ahead and has been the subject of research for over 50 years. It is typically measured using computer-based hazard-perception tests and has been associated with both retrospective and prospective crash risk, as well as key crash-risk factors such as distraction, fatigue, alcohol consumption, speed choice, and age-related declines. It can also differentiate high- and lower-risk driver groups. The problem is that it is also a skill that appears to take decades of driving experience to acquire. This raises the question of whether it is possible and practical to accelerate this learning process via assessment and training in order to improve traffic safety. We have evidence that, in contrast to most driver education and assessment interventions, hazard-perception testing and training appear to have the capability to reduce crash risk. For example, the inclusion of a hazard-perception test in the UK driver licensing process has been estimated to reduce drivers’ non-low-speed public-road crash rates by 11.3% in the year following their test.
Effective Science Arbitration 1 Effective Science Arbitration : Some Lessons from Recent Scientific Assessments

This paper focuses on three case studies in which scientific assessments failed to accurately portray relevant scientific literature. Assessments are a form of “intelligence” in decision processes and thus have well established criteria for evaluation. Specifically, this paper asks two questions in the three case studies: Does the assessment faithfully represent the existing literature? If not, what does the literature actually say? The first of these cases examines how the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presented conclusions on the role of human-caused climate change in the trend of escalating disaster losses. The second case discusses the IPCC’s treatment of sea level rise impacts related to storm surge. The third case discusses the treatment of seasonal hurricane forecasting in an assessment report published by the American Geophysical Union in the summer of 2006. The three cases discussed here provide the basis for suggesting some general guidance for the production of scientific assessments for decision makers. First is the importance of adhering to quality standards in assessment production. Second is the continuing importance of the peer reviewed literature on which an assessment is based. Finally, effective science arbitration would benefit from a clear Pielke – MTS 20 October 2006 Effective Science Arbitration 2 presentation of criteria of policy relevance which are used to judge the inclusion or presentation of particular scientific findings or conclusions to decision makers. Pielke – MTS 20 October 2006 Effective Science Arbitration
Distributing learning over time: the spacing effect in children's acquisition and generalization of science concepts.

The spacing effect describes the robust finding that long-term learning is promoted when learning events are spaced out in time rather than presented in immediate succession. Studies of the spacing effect have focused on memory processes rather than for other types of learning, such as the acquisition and generalization of new concepts. In this study, early elementary school children (5- to 7-year-olds; N = 36) were presented with science lessons on 1 of 3 schedules: massed, clumped, and spaced. The results revealed that spacing lessons out in time resulted in higher generalization performance for both simple and complex concepts. Spaced learning schedules promote several types of learning, strengthening the implications of the spacing effect for educational practices and curriculum.
2,2′-[1,1′-(Propane-1,3-diyldioxydinitrilo)diethylidyne]diphenol

The title compound, C19H22N2O4, was synthesized by the reaction of 2′-hydroxyacetophenone with 1,3-bis(aminooxy)propane in ethanol. Intramolecular O—H⋯N and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilize the three-dimensional structure. A twofold rotation axis passes through the molecule.
Kinetics of IL-6 Production Defines T Effector Cell Responsiveness to Regulatory T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis

In multiple sclerosis (MS) autoaggressive T effector cells (Teff) are not efficiently controlled by regulatory T cells (Treg) but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Proinflammatory cytokines are key factors facilitating Teff activity in chronic inflammation. Here we investigated the influence of IL-6 on Treg sensitivity of Teff from therapy-naïve MS patients with or without active disease. Compared to healthy volunteers and independent of disease course CD4+ and especially CD8+ MS-Teff were insensitive against functional active Treg from healthy controls. This unresponsiveness was caused by accelerated production of IL-6, elevated IL-6 receptor expression and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB)/c-Akt in MS-Teff. In a positive feedback loop, IL-6 itself induced its accelerated synthesis and enhanced phosphorylation of PKB/c-Akt that finally mediated Treg resistance. Furthermore, accelerated IL-6 release especially by CD8+ Teff prevented control of surrounding Teff, described here as “bystander resistance”. Blockade of IL-6 receptor signaling or direct inhibition of PKB/c-Akt phosphorylation restored Treg responsiveness of Teff and prevented bystander resistance. In Teff of healthy controls (HC) exogenous IL-6 also changed the kinetics of IL-6 production and induced Treg unresponsiveness. This modulation was only transient in Teff from healthy volunteers, whereas accelerated IL-6 production in MS-Teff maintained also in absence of IL-6. Hence, we showed that the kinetics of IL-6 production instead of elevated IL-6 levels defines the Teff responsiveness in early Treg-T cell communication in MS independent of their disease course and propose IL-6 and associated PKB/c-Akt activation as effective therapeutic targets for modulation of Teff activity in MS.
Ethical challenges facing veterinary professionals in Ireland: results from Policy Delphi with vignette methodology

Ethics is key to the integrity of the veterinary profession. Despite its importance, there is a lack of applied research on the range of ethical challenges faced by veterinarians. A three round Policy Delphi with vignette methodology was used to record the diversity of views on ethical challenges faced by veterinary professionals in Ireland. Forty experts, comprising veterinary practitioners, inspectors and nurses, accepted to participate. In round 1, twenty vignettes describing a variety of ethically challenging veterinary scenarios were ranked in terms of ethical acceptability, reputational risk and perceived standards of practice. Round 2 aimed at characterising challenges where future policy development or professional guidance was deemed to be needed. In round 3, possible solutions to key challenges were explored. Results suggest that current rules and regulations are insufficient to ensure best veterinary practices and that a collective approach is needed to harness workable solutions for the identified ethical challenges. Challenges pertaining mostly to the food chain seem to require enforcement measures whereas softer measures that promote professional discretion were preferred to address challenges dealing with veterinary clinical services. These findings can support veterinary representative bodies, advisory committees and regulatory authorities in their decision making, policy and regulation.
Throughput Optimization for Massive MIMO Systems Powered by Wireless Energy Transfer

This paper studies a wireless-energy-transfer (WET) enabled massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system (MM) consisting of a hybrid data-and-energy access point (H-AP) and multiple single-antenna users. In the WET-MM system, the H-AP is equipped with a large number M of antennas and functions like a conventional AP in receiving data from users, but additionally supplies wireless power to the users. We consider frame-based transmissions. Each frame is divided into three phases: the uplink channel estimation (CE) phase, the downlink WET phase, as well as the uplink wireless information transmission (WIT) phase. Firstly, users use a fraction of the previously harvested energy to send pilots, while the H-AP estimates the uplink channels and obtains the downlink channels by exploiting channel reciprocity. Next, the H-AP utilizes the channel estimates just obtained to transfer wireless energy to all users in the downlink via energy beamforming. Finally, the users use a portion of the harvested energy to send data to the H-AP simultaneously in the uplink (reserving some harvested energy for sending pilots in the next frame) . To optimize the throughput and ensure rate fairness, we consider the problem of maximizing the minimum rate among all users. In the large-M regime, we obtain the asymptotically optimal solutions and some interesting insights for the optimal design of WET-MM system.
Retinal blood vessel segmentation via graph cut

Image analysis is becoming increasingly prominent as a non intrusive diagnosis in modern ophthalmology. Blood vessel morphology is an important indicator for diseases like diabetes, hypertension and retinopathy. This paper presents an automated and unsupervised method for retinal blood vessels segmentation using the graph cut technique. The graph is constructed using a rough segmentation from a pre-processed image together with spatial pixel connection. The proposed method was tested on two public datasets and compared with other methods. Experimental results show that this method outperforms other unsupervised methods and demonstrate the competitiveness with supervised methods.
Motor nerve conduction of common Peroneal nerve in young adult.

The motor Nerve conduction studieswas done in CPN (common peroneal nerve) in fifty healthy male and female subject, 16-20 year of age. The values were establish for comparisons and references. The Amplitude of motor and were divided into different components and computerized machine was used to analyze the DL, Amplitude and conduction velocities. The CPN Motor studies gave DL of 4.09 ms, Amplidude of 6.58 mv and CV of 52.31m/sec. For Proposing normative value, these measurement are an adequate way for Electrophysiological evaluation of the Motor CPN, which latter on can be used by the clinician while dealing with this nerve.
Improved Performance in Boussinesq-Type Equations

In this paper, simple but effective techniques are used to improve the performance of two commonly-used sets of Boussinesq-type equations. The O(μ 2 ) equations of Wei et al.are extended through a redefinition of the reference velocity variable, which allows both linear shoaling and nonlinear properties to be improved significantly. Computational examples of nonlinear shoaling waves demonstrating this improvement are presented. The enhanced equations of Madsen and Schaffer are improved through a comparison with the higher-order Boussinesq equations of Gobbi and Kirby Through the selective cancellation of higher-order terms, equations result that are linearly of O(μ 4 ) for a flat bed and for mild slopes in two dimensions. Properties on a flat bed are identical to Madsen and Schaffer, but performance on a sloping bed is significantly improved.
Mitotic Spindle Integrity and Kinetochore Function Linked by the Duo1p/Dam1p Complex

Duo1p and Dam1p were previously identified as spindle proteins in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, analyses of a diverse collection of duo1 and dam1 alleles were used to develop a deeper understanding of the functions and interactions of Duo1p and Dam1p. Based on the similarity of mutant phenotypes, genetic interactions between duo1 and dam1 alleles, interdependent localization to the mitotic spindle, and Duo1p/Dam1p coimmunoprecipitation from yeast protein extracts, these analyses indicated that Duo1p and Dam1p perform a shared function in vivo as components of a protein complex. Duo1p and Dam1p are not required to assemble bipolar spindles, but they are required to maintain metaphase and anaphase spindle integrity. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of duo1 and dam1 mutant spindles revealed a diverse variety of spindle defects. Our results also indicate a second, previously unidentified, role for the Duo1p/Dam1p complex. duo1 and dam1 mutants show high rates of chromosome missegregation, premature anaphase events while arrested in metaphase, and genetic interactions with a subset of kinetochore components consistent with a role in kinetochore function. In addition, Duo1p and Dam1p localize to kinetochores in chromosome spreads, suggesting that this complex may serve as a link between the kinetochore and the mitotic spindle.
Planet Formation around Low-Mass Stars: The Moving Snow Line and Super-Earths

We develop a semianalytic model for planet formation during the pre-main-sequence contraction phase of a low-mass star. During this evolution, the stellar magnetosphere maintains a fixed ratio between the inner disk radius and the stellar radius. As the star contracts at constant effective temperature, the "snow line," which separates regions of rocky planet formation from regions of icy planet formation, moves inward. This process enables rapid formation of icy protoplanets that collide and merge into super-Earths before the star reaches the main sequence. The masses and orbits of these super-Earths are consistent with super-Earths detected in recent microlensing experiments.
Discovery and Validation of Hypermethylated Markers for Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Screening and early diagnosis are critical for the clinical management of this disease. DNA methylation changes have been regarded as promising biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. Here, we map DNA methylation profiling on CRC in six CRCs and paired normal samples using a 450 K bead array. Further analysis confirms the methylation status of candidates in two data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are calculated to determine the diagnostic performances. We identify 1549 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) showing differences in methylation between CRC and normal tissue. Two genes (ADD2 and AKR1B1), related to the DMRs, are selected for further validation. ROC curves show that the areas under the curves of ADD2 and AKR1B1 are higher than that of SEPT9, which has been clinically used as a screening biomarker of CRC. Our data suggests that aberrant DNA methylation of ADD2 and AKR1B1 could be potential screening markers of CRC.
Neuroimaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Magnetic resonance techniques REVIEW

Objectives: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative motor neuron disease whose clinical presentation and evolution varies greatly among patients. The limited role of conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in ALS encourages the study of new advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. Our aim was to review the advances of MRI techniques applied to ALS and to analyze their contribution to the knowledge and monitoring of this disease.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO INDUSTRIAL E DINÂMICAS TERRITORIAIS DE CONTESTAÇÃO SOCIAL E CONFRONTO POLÍTICO

This article discusses the socio-environmental conflict ensuing the association between the development of industrial networks’ strategies by the CSN Group (Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional) and the emerging forms of social contestation and contentious politics in the steel and mining localities of Volta Redonda (RJ) and Congonhas (MG). The main argument emphasizes the importance of these forms of social embeddedness in conditioning economic action, considering mostly the innovative nature of integrating issues of environment and labor in the investigated territories.
Rotating register allocation with multiple rotating branches

A rotating register file is an architectural support for software pipelining, where many registers can be renamed at once when a rotating branch is executed. It has primarily been used for overcoming the cross-iteration register overwrites in modulo-scheduled, straight-line or if-converted loops. Recently, a new technique has been proposed to use rotating registers for loops with arbitrary control flows, scheduled by enhanced pipeline scheduling (EPS). EPS generates many hard-to-delete copies to overcome the cross-iteration register overwrites, but these copies may cause a stall in addition to taking resources. The proposed technique eliminates those copies by allocating rotating registers, avoiding a serious slowdown caused by them. Unfortunately, it could not eliminate enough copies, as much as those removed by the unroll-based copy elimination technique, although both techniques employ the same abstraction called an extended live range (ELR). This is due to the limitation that only a branch edge can be a rotating branch, while any edge can be an unrolling edge. In this paper, we propose an enhanced rotating register allocation technique where we can use more than one rotating branches in order to eliminate more copies. This requires an extension of the theory of ELR and the rotating register allocation algorithm. Our experimental results indicate that our proposed technique can eliminate 20% more copies than the previous technique, which results in a performance improvement as much as more than 10%.
A Knowledge-Based Teaching System for SQL

The paper presents SQL-Tutor, an intelligent teaching system for SQL programming. SQL-Tutor is designed as a guided discovery learning environment and supports problem solving, conceptual and meta-learning. The system uses Constraint-Based Modelling to form models of its students. We present design issues by focusing on the system's architecture. Student modelling and the generation of pedagogical actions are discussed in the light of tailoring instructions towards a particular student .
myStress: Unobtrusive Smartphone-Based Stress Detection

Life is becoming increasingly stressful in many aspects, e.g., due to technology-induced stress and stress in organizational context. The assessment of stress experienced by individuals enables stress management and prevention with the long-term aim to avoid psychological and physiological harm from excessive stress. Commonly this assessment is performed through questionnaires on perceived stress or physiological measurements evaluating body reactions to stress. We explore a third assessment method: Our design science approach aims to unobtrusively assess perceived stress based on smartphone data while waiving additional devices and explicit user input. The presented design artefact, myStress, reads 36 hardware and software sensors to infer users’ perceived stress levels. A prototypical instantiation of myStress for the Android platform is distributed to test users. For evaluation purposes, the stress level additionally is determined by a questionnaire consisting of the Perceived Stress Scale. By analyzing data from test users, we gain first insights into the feasibility of unobtrusive, continuous stress assessment considering exclusively data from smartphone sensors. We find that several sensors seem to correlate with perceived stress, e.g., the frequency of switching the display on/off. For future research, behavioral and situational prevention measures can build on this method of unobtrusive stress assessment.
Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice Using Software Trails to Reconstruct the Evolution of Software

SUMMARY This paper describes a method to recover the evolution of a software system using its software trails: information left behind by the contributors to the development process of the product, such as mailing lists, Web sites, version control logs, software releases, documentation, and the source code. This paper demonstrates the use of this method by recovering the evolution of Ximian Evolution, a mail client for Unix. By extracting useful facts stored in these software trails and correlating them, it was possible to provide a detailed view of the history of this project. This view provides interesting insight into how an open source software project evolves and some of the practices used by its software developers.
Device-to-Device Communication Overlaying Two-Hop Multi-Channel Uplink Cellular Networks

Different from previous works, in this paper, we adopt D2D communication as a routing extension to traditional cellular uplinks thus enabling a two-hop route between a user and the serving BS via a D2D relay. Specifically, a BS establishes a cellular link with a mobile user only if the pilot signal strength received from the user is above a specified threshold; otherwise, the user may establish a D2D link with a neighboring user and connect to a nearby BS in a two-hop manner. We present a stochastic geometry based framework to analyze the coverage probability and average rate in such a two-hop multi-channel uplink cellular network where mobile users adopt the fractional channel inversion power control with maximum transmit power limit. As validated by extensive numerical results, the developed framework enables network designers to efficiently determine the optimal control parameters so as to achieve the optimum system performance. Our results show that employing D2D link based two-hop connection can significantly improve both the network coverage and average rate for uplink traffic.
Detection of periodicity based on serial dependence of phase-folded data

We introduce and test several novel approaches for periodicity detection in unevenly-spaced sparse datasets. Specifically, we examine five different kinds of periodicity metrics, which are based on non-parametric measures of serial dependence of the phase-folded data. We test the metrics through simulations in which we assess their performance in various situations, including various periodic signal shapes, different numbers of data points and different signal to noise ratios. One of the periodicity metrics we introduce seems to perform significantly better than the classical ones in some settings of interest to astronomers. We suggest that this periodicity metric - the Hoeffding-test periodicity metric - should be used in addition to the traditional methods, to increase periodicity detection probability.
Clinical Reasoning in the Assessment and Intervention Planning for Major Depression

Accurate assessment and effective treatment of mood disorders, particularly depression, is critically important for the millions of youth who are experiencing such symptomatology and who are at risk for a multitude of deleterious outcomes. Although the extant empirical literature provides substantial guidance for the assessment and treatment of depression, real-life complexities necessitate the inclusion of sound clinical judgment throughout the diagnostic, treatment planning and intervention phases. The purpose of this article is to present an example of a real-life case study reliant on evidence-based practices and sound clinical judgment in the assessment and treatment of depression. We first review the extant diagnostic, epidemiological, assessment, and treatment literature. The case study is intended to highlight the therapist’s use of evidence-based treatment (i.e., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), while also considering points during treatment at which the therapist was required to use clinical judgment. Outcomes of the case are described and limitations reviewed.