Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration and Gender: Who Gains and in Which Ways?

Empirical studies have consistently documented that while married men tend to lead more prosperous careers after moving than before, migration tends to be disruptive for the careers of married women. However, there has been little exploration of the interaction of non-economic outcomes of migration by gender and relationship-status. We explore whether migration is followed by a change in subjective wellbeing (SWB), and how this experience differs by individuals of different gender and relationship-status. These results are compared to wage differences following migration. We further analyse how outcomes differ according to the motivation for moving, including motivations for moving of both partners in a couple relationship. Our empirical estimates use longitudinal data on internal migrants in the Australian HILDA dataset. We show that females have a stronger tendency than males to reach higher levels of SWB after moving, while males have a stronger tendency than females to increase their earnings. These gender differences are mostly not significant for single individuals, but become quite pronounced for couples. Differences tend to narrow, but do not disappear, once we account for motivations for moving of individuals and, where relevant, of their partner. In particular, those who move for work-related reasons experience higher wage incomes after moving, regardless of gender or relationship-status.
Investigation and Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Diospyros Germplasms Using SCoT Molecular Markers in Guangxi

Background Knowledge about genetic diversity and relationships among germplasms could be an invaluable aid in diospyros improvement strategies. Methods This study was designed to analyze the genetic diversity and relationship of local and natural varieties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China using start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) markers. The accessions of 95 diospyros germplasms belonging to four species Diospyros kaki Thunb, D. oleifera Cheng, D. kaki var. silverstris Mak, and D. lotus Linn were collected from different eco-climatic zones in Guangxi and were analyzed using SCoT markers. Results Results indicated that the accessions of 95 diospyros germplasms could be distinguished using SCoT markers, and were divided into three groups at similarity coefficient of 0.608; these germplasms that belong to the same species were clustered together; of these, the degree of genetic diversity of the natural D. kaki var. silverstris Mak population was richest among the four species; the geographical distance showed that the 12 natural populations of D. kaki var. silverstris Mak were divided into two groups at similarity coefficient of 0.19. Meanwhile, in order to further verify the stable and useful of SCoT markers in diospyros germplasms, SSR markers were also used in current research to analyze the genetic diversity and relationship in the same diospyros germplasms. Once again, majority of germplasms that belong to the same species were clustered together. Thus SCoT markers were stable and especially useful for analysis of the genetic diversity and relationship in diospyros germplasms. Discussion The molecular characterization and diversity assessment of diospyros were very important for conservation of diospyros germplasm resources, meanwhile for diospyros improvement.
Moving Mirrors: A High-density EEG Study Investigating the Effect of Camera Movements on Motor Cortex Activation during Action Observation

Action execution–perception links (mirror mechanism) have been repeatedly suggested to play crucial roles in social cognition. Remarkably, the designs of most studies exploring this topic so far excluded even the simplest traces of social interaction, such as a movement of the observer toward another individual. This study introduces a new design by investigating the effects of camera movements, possibly simulating the observer's own approaching movement toward the scene. We conducted a combined high-density EEG and behavioral study investigating motor cortex activation during action observation measured by event-related desynchronization and resynchronization (ERD/ERS) of the mu rhythm. Stimuli were videos showing a goal-related hand action filmed while using the camera in four different ways: filming from a fixed position, zooming in on the scene, approaching the scene by means of a dolly, and approaching the scene by means of a steadycam. Results demonstrated a consistently stronger ERD of the mu rhythm for videos that were filmed while approaching the scene with a steadycam. Furthermore, videos in which the zoom was applied reliably demonstrated a stronger rebound. A rating task showed that videos in which the camera approached the scene were felt as more involving and the steadycam was most able to produce a visual experience close to the one of a human approaching the scene. These results suggest that filming technique predicts time course specifics of ERD/ERS during action observation with only videos simulating the natural vision of a walking human observer eliciting a stronger ERD than videos filmed from a fixed position. This demonstrates the utility of ecologically designed studies for exploring social cognition.
Is the Number of Documented Diabetes Process-of-Care Indicators Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Levels, Patient Satisfaction, or Self-Rated Quality of Diabetes Care?

OBJECTIVE—Simple process-of-care indicators are commonly recommended to assess and compare quality of diabetes care across health plans. We sought to determine whether variation in the number of simple diabetes processes of care across provider groups is associated with variation in other quality indicators, including cardiometabolic risk factor levels, patient satisfaction with care, or patient-rated quality of care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used cross-sectional survey and chart audit data for 8,733 patients with diabetes who received care from 68 provider groups nested in 10 health plans that participated in the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes study. Analyses using hierarchical regression models assessed associations of the mean number of seven simple process measures with each of the following: HbA1c (A1C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, patient satisfaction with care, and patient-rated quality of care. RESULTS—After adjusting for case-mix differences across groups and plans, an average of one additional documented process of care for each patient in a group or plan was associated with significantly lower mean LDL cholesterol levels (−4.51 mg/dl [95% CI 1.46–7.58]) but not with A1C, SBP, or HDL cholesterol levels. The number of care processes documented was associated with patient satisfaction measures and self-rated quality of diabetes care. CONCLUSIONS—Variation in the number of simple process-of-care indicators across provider groups or health plans is associated with differences in patient-centered measures of quality, but assessment of the quality of cardiometabolic risk factor control will require more advanced clinical performance indicators.
Local dominance effects on self-evaluations and intrinsic motivation

Abstract Previous research indicates that local comparisons with one or a few people in the immediate environment have a stronger influence on self-evaluations than general comparisons with larger samples. Two studies examined whether this local dominance effect extends to intrinsic motivation. Study 1 suggests that local comparisons have a stronger effect on both self-evaluations and task enjoyment than general comparisons. Study 2 suggests that local comparisons have a stronger effect on intrinsic motivation than general comparisons and that local comparisons have a significant indirect effect on persistence via intrinsic motivation. Altogether, the present findings are among the first to demonstrate the contribution of local social comparisons to intrinsic motivation. We highlight the implications of these findings for social comparison theories.
Establishment of an Allo-Transplantable Hamster Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line and Its Application for In Vivo Screening of Anti-Cancer Drugs

Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) is a well-known causative agent of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in humans. CCA is very resistant to chemotherapy and is frequently fatal. To understand the pathogenesis of CCA in humans, a rodent model was developed. However, the development of CCA in rodents is time-consuming and the xenograft-transplantation model of human CCA in immunodeficient mice is costly. Therefore, the establishment of an in vivo screening model for O. viverrini-associated CCA treatment was of interest. We developed a hamster CCA cell line, Ham-1, derived from the CCA tissue of O. viverrini-infected and N-nitrosodimethylamine-treated Syrian golden hamsters. Ham-1 has been maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for more than 30 subcultures. These cells are mostly diploid (2n=44) with some being polyploid. Tumorigenic properties of Ham-1 were demonstrated by allograft transplantation in hamsters. The transplanted tissues were highly proliferative and exhibited a glandular-like structure retaining a bile duct marker, cytokeratin 19. The usefulness of this for in vivo model was demonstrated by berberine treatment, a traditional medicine that is active against various cancers. Growth inhibitory effects of berberine, mainly by an induction of G1 cell cycle arrest, were observed in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we developed the allo-transplantable hamster CCA cell line, which can be used for chemotherapeutic drug testing in vitro and in vivo.
An Efficient Watermarking Approach For Digital Images

Digital Watermarking technique is used to embed the useful information in a transmission media for copyright protection, authentication and broadcast monitoring etc. This paper describes an image hiding method using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm which calculates the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values and compare them with Gray Scale and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The experimental results show that the quality and embedding capacity of watermarked image for this scheme is higher as compared to other existing watermarking schemes.
Better Movers and Thinkers (BMT): An Exploratory Study of an Innovative Approach to Physical Education

Recent research has confirmed a positive relationship between levels of physical activity and academic achievement. Some of these studies have been informed by neurological models of Executive Functioning (EF). There is a general consensus within the literature that the three core EF skills are; working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. The development of these core EF skills has been linked with learning and academic achievement and is an essential component in the delivery of PE using a new and innovative approach called ‘Better Movers and Thinkers (BMT). ’ A mixed methods design was used to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of a 16-week intervention programme using BMT where 46 children were tested on two separate occasions for coordination and balance control, academic skills, working memory and non-verbal reasoning skills. One school acted as the control condition (21 students, aged 9 – 10 years) and another school acted as the intervention condition (25 students, aged 9 – 10 years). Quantitative data revealed an effect between pre and post-test conditions in the areas of phonological skills (p = .042), segmentation skills (p = .014) and working memory (p = .040) in favour of the intervention condition. Further analysis identified a gender-interaction with male students in the intervention condition making significant gains in phonological skills (p = .005) segmentation skills (p = .014) and spelling (p = .007) compared to boys in the control condition. Analysis of qualitative data from a sample of students from the intervention condition and their class teacher indicated good acceptability of BMT as an alternative approach to PE.
A Comparison of GOES Moisture-Derived Product and GPS-IPW Data during IHOP-2002

Abstract Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sounder–derived total column water vapor is compared with other data sources obtained during the 2002 International H2O Project (IHOP-2002) field experiment. Specifically, GPS-derived total integrated precipitable water (GPS-IPW) and radiosonde observations (raob) data are used to assess GOES bias and standard deviation. GPS integrated water calculated from signal delay closely matches raob data, both from special sondes launched for the IHOP-2002 exercise and routine National Weather Service (NWS) soundings. After examining the average differences between GPS and GOES product total precipitable water over the full diurnal cycle between 26 May and 15 June 2002, it was discovered that only 0000 UTC time differences were comparable to published comparisons. Differences at other times were larger and varied by a factor of 6, increasing from 0000 to 1800 UTC, and decreasing thereafter. Reasons for this behavior are explored to a limited degree .
Circulating miRNA signature for early diagnosis of lung cancer

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite the numerous recent studies on NSCLC genomics, molecular mechanisms of disease and the development of targeted therapies, which improve treatment responses to a certain extent, the overall 5‐year survival rate is only around 10–15%. The main reason for such a low 5‐year survival rate has long been attributed to late diagnosis of the disease in three quarters of patients, resulting in advanced and inoperable diseases. Lung cancer studies for decades have attempted to develop screening modalities that allow early diagnosis. However, in contrast to the success in prognostic and predictive biomarker research during the past 10 years, the progress in early lung cancer screening is still limited and restricted to imaging studies. Chest radiography and sputum cytology screening programs in the 1970s had failed to reduce cancer mortality. Low‐dose spiral chest computed tomography (LDCT) screening trials carried out in the 2000s generally resulted in a significant increase in the number of early‐stage lung cancer diagnoses, but without apparent reduction in development of advanced cancers or cancer mortality (Pastorino, 2010). The first successful large LDCT screening trial reported is the National Lung Screening Trial (NSLT). It demonstrates a 20% reduction of cancer mortality in the LDCT screening arm compared to the chest radiography arm (http://www.cancer.gov). The results from these LDCT screening studies highlight several issues worth noticing. First, LDCT leads to over‐diagnosis of benign/indolent pulmonary lesions and cause significant increase of unnecessary surgical intervention (Bach, 2008 …
The prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorder amongst bipolar patients in a hospital setting, Malaysia

Abstract Objective. To determine the prevalence of alcohol-use disorder and associated correlates amongst bipolar patients in a university hospital in Malaysia. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 121 bipolar disorder patients were included. Their alcohol use disorders were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (plus version) and the Addiction Severity Index-Lite-Clinical Factors version. The number of lifetime hospitalizations and the survival days (the number of days between the last discharge and the most current readmission) were calculated. Results. The prevalence of alcohol-use disorder amongst bipolar patients was 18.2%. Indian ethnicity was the only demographic factor that was statistically associated with alcohol-use disorder (p < 0.03). Those with alcohol-use disorder had a significantly higher rate of suicidal attempt (p < 0.01) and more psychiatric hospitalizations than those without after adjusting for gender, race, employment status, education level and duration of illness (p < 0.01). Conclusions. The prevalence of alcohol-use disorder was low in bipolar patients but highin the general population of Malaysia. Since alcohol-use disorder, as well as the potential interactions with the course of the disorder, is highly prevalent amongst bipolar patients, alcohol use should be addressed in these patients.
On the Descriptive Value of Loss Aversion in Decisions under Risk: Six Clarifications

Previous studies of loss aversion in decisions under risk have led to mixed results. Losses appear to loom larger than gains in some settings, but not in others. The current paper clarifies these results by highlighting six experimental manipulations that tend to increase the likelihood of the behavior predicted by loss aversion. These manipulations include: (1) framing of the safe alternative as the status quo; (2) ensuring that the choice pattern predicted by loss aversion maximizes the probability of positive (rather than zero or negative) outcomes; (3) the use of high nominal (numerical) payoffs; (4) the use of high stakes; (5) the inclusion of highly attractive risky prospects that creates a contrast effect; and (6) the use of long experiments in which no feedback is provided and in which the computation of the expected values is difficult. In addition, the results suggest the possibility of learning in the absence of feedback: The tendency to select simple strategies, like “maximize the worst outcome” which implies “loss aversion”, increases when this behavior is not costly. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Cryptococcal polysaccharides induce L-selectin shedding and tumor necrosis factor receptor loss from the surface of human neutrophils.

High titers of cryptococcal polysaccharides in the serum and spinal fluid and the lack of cellular infiltrates in the infected tissues are hallmarks of disseminated cryptococcosis. Cryptococcal polysaccharides given intravenously to mice inhibit the influx of leukocytes into sites injected with inflammatory mediators. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if cryptococcal polysaccharides, i.e., glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), galactoxylomannan, and mannoprotein, affect expression of molecules on the surface of neutrophils that are important in extravasation. GXM in the absence of serum was shown to induce human neurophils to shed L-selectin, a molecule needed in the first step of neutrophil movement into tissues. In the presence of serum, GXM caused a further shedding of L-selectin. Shedding of L-selectin was evident by reduced amounts of L-selectin on the neutrophils treated with GXM and by increased levels of soluble L-selectin in the GXM-treated neutrophil supernatants. GXM also stimulated neutrophils to have reduced expression of TNF receptor. In contrast, GXM-treated neutrophils showed increased levels of CD15 and CD11b, and unchanged CD16 expression. In the absence of serum, galactoxylomannan and mannoprotein did not affect L-selectin, TNF receptor, CD15, CD11b, or CD16 on neutrophils but did induce loss of L-selectin in the presence of serum. Our results indicate that cryptococcal polysaccharides, especially GXM, can cause shedding of L-selectin from the surface of neutrophils, and this may prevent neutrophils from attaching to the endothelial cell surfaces. Blockage of this early step in cell migration from the vessels into tissues may be responsible in part for reduced cellular infiltration into infected tissues of individuals with disseminated cryptococcosis.
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper Series Does Inflation Targeting Anchor Long-run Inflation Expectations? Evidence from Long-term Bond Yields in the U.s., U.k., and Sweden Does Inflation Targeting Anchor Long-run Inflation Expectations?

The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Abstract We investigate the extent to which inflation targeting helps anchor long-run inflation expectations by comparing the behavior of daily bond yield data in the United Kingdom and Sweden—both inflation targeters—to that in the United States, a non-inflation-targeter. Using the difference between far-ahead forward rates on nominal and inflation-indexed bonds as a measure of compensation for expected inflation and inflation risk at long horizons, we examine how much, if at all, far-ahead forward inflation compensation moves in response to macroeconomic data releases and monetary policy announcements. In the U.S., we find that forward inflation compensation exhibits highly significant responses to economic news. In the U.K., we find a level of sensitivity similar to that in the U.S. prior to the Bank of England gaining independence in 1997, but a striking absence of such sensitivity since the central bank became independent. In Sweden, we find that forward inflation compensation has been insensitive to economic news over the whole period for which we have data. Our findings support the view that a well-known and credible inflation target helps to anchor the private sector's perceptions of the distribution of long-run inflation outcomes. We thank Jesper Lindé for providing code to generate impulse responses for a New Keynesian small open economy model calibrated to Sweden. The paper has also benefited from very helpful discussions, comments, and suggestions from The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the management of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, or any other person associated with the Federal Reserve System.
Phenotypic Expression of ADAMTS13 in Glomerular Endothelial Cells

Background ADAMTS13 is the physiological von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving protease. The aim of this study was to examine ADAMTS13 expression in kidneys from ADAMTS13 wild-type (Adamts13+/+) and deficient (Adamts13−/−) mice and to investigate the expression pattern and bioactivity in human glomerular endothelial cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Immunohistochemistry was performed on kidney sections from ADAMTS13 wild-type and ADAMTS13-deficient mice. Phenotypic differences were examined by ultramorphology. ADAMTS13 expression in human glomerular endothelial cells and dermal microvascular endothelial cells was investigated by real-time PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. VWF cleavage was demonstrated by multimer structure analysis and immunoblotting. ADAMTS13 was demonstrated in glomerular endothelial cells in Adamts13+/+ mice but no staining was visible in tissue from Adamts13−/− mice. Thickening of glomerular capillaries with platelet deposition on the vessel wall was detected in Adamts13−/− mice. ADAMTS13 mRNA and protein were detected in both human endothelial cells and the protease was secreted. ADAMTS13 activity was demonstrated in glomerular endothelial cells as cleavage of VWF. Conclusions/Significance Glomerular endothelial cells express and secrete ADAMTS13. The proteolytic activity could have a protective effect preventing deposition of platelets along capillary lumina under the conditions of high shear stress present in glomerular capillaries.