Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symmetry in Flowers: Diversity and Evolution

This article traces research on floral symmetry back to its beginnings. It brings together recent advances from different fields that converge in floral symmetry and new unpublished material on diversity and development of floral symmetry. During floral development, symmetry may change: monosymmetric flowers may have a polysymmetric early phase; polysymmetric flowers may have a monosymmetric or even asymmetric early phase; more than one symmetry change is also possible. In Lamiales s.l. (comprising the model plant Antirrhinum, where the cycloidea gene produces monosymmetric flowers with the adaxial side of the androecium reduced), taxa also occur in which the androecium is reduced on both sides, adaxial and abaxial. As a trend in asymmetric flowers, enantiomorphy (with two mirror‐image morphs) at the level of individuals seems to occur only in groups in which the flowers are predominantly of a relatively simple construction. In contrast, one morph is fixed at the level of species or higher taxa in groups with more complicated flowers. This is indicated by the apparent lack of enantiomorphy in corolla contortion in asterids but its predominance in rosids with contort flowers, or by the apparent lack of enantiomorphy in the pollination organs of asymmetric flowers in Faboideae but its presence in asymmetric flowers in Caesalpinioideae. To study the evolution of the diverse symmetry patterns, a concerted approach from different fields including molecular developmental genetics, pollination biology, and comparative diversity research is necessary.
Implementing empirically supported interventions: Teacher‐Child interaction therapy

Using a case study approach, the implementation of Teacher-Child Interaction Therapy (TCIT) within the preschool setting was presented. TCIT was found to increase the number of positive interactions between the child and teacher. In addition, TCIT was effective in decreasing the child's disruptive behaviors, increasing compliance, and decreasing the need for the teacher to issue commands. Although the case study provided initial empirical evidence, additional research is needed to fully support the use of TCIT. Specifically, research using a multiple case study approach is recommended. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PPRank: Economically Selecting Initial Users for Influence Maximization in Social Networks

This paper focuses on seeking a new heuristic scheme for an influence maximization problem in social networks: how to economically select a subset of individuals (so-called seeds) to trigger a large cascade of further adoptions of a new behavior based on a contagion process. Most existing works on selection of seeds assumed that the constant number $k$ seeds could be selected, irrespective of the intrinsic property of each individual's different susceptibility of being influenced (e.g., it may be costly to persuade some seeds to adopt a new behavior). In this paper, a price-performance-ratio inspired heuristic scheme, PPRank, is proposed, which investigates how to economically select seeds within a given budget and meanwhile try to maximize the diffusion process. Our paper's contributions are threefold. First, we explicitly characterize each user with two distinct factors: the susceptibility of being influenced (SI) and influential power (IP) representing the ability to actively influence others and formulate users' SIs and IPs according to their social relations, and then, a convex price-demand curve-based model is utilized to properly convert each user's SI into persuasion cost (PC) representing the cost used to successfully make the individual adopt a new behavior. Furthermore, a novel cost-effective selection scheme is proposed, which adopts both the price performance ratio (PC-IP ratio) and user's IP as an integrated selection criterion and meanwhile explicitly takes into account the overlapping effect; finally, simulations using both artificially generated and real-trace network data illustrate that, under the same budgets, PPRank can achieve larger diffusion range than other heuristic and brute-force greedy schemes without taking users' persuasion costs into account.
Female Participation in The Occupational System: A Comparative Institutional Analysis

This paper uses cross-national data to examine how economic, political, and educational structures affect both the participation of women in the labor force and their employment in more powerful and wellrewarded positions. We find that both the level of industrialization and the degree of state corporateness positively influence the participation of women, but that these fail to affect the proportion of women in the administrative and managerial occupations. However, the relative number of women in higher education shows positive effects on both dependent variables. We interpret this finding as a process of ‘institutional demystification’ and discuss the overall pattern of effects as ‘incorporation at the rear of the bus. ’
Anisotropic graphene growth accompanied by step bunching on a dynamic copper surface

We investigated the initial stage of chemical vapor deposition graphene growth on Cu film at low pressure, where Cu evaporation intensively occurs. Surface steps on the Cu surface were found to be the nucleation sites of graphene islands and to affect the subsequent growth. For the first time, we observed anisotropic graphene growth on the Cu surface accompanied by morphological changes, resulting in an arrayed graphene ribbon formation. The resultant surface morphology is attributed to step bunching during growth. Detailed analyses suggest that the graphene arrays, which were preferentially formed along the steps, served as partial shields of the Cu surface, preventing step-flow-like Cu atom diffusion and evaporation at the growth site. As a result, the growth locations acted as a pinning site of the step motion, leading to step bunching. Such selective growth by using surface morphology has the potential to control not only the nucleation site but also the geometry of graphene for tailoring graphene-based nanomaterials such as nanoribbons and quantum dots.
Pumping lipids with P4-ATPases

Abstract While accumulating evidence indicates that P4-ATPases catalyze phospholipid transport across cellular bilayers, their kinship to cation-pumping ATPases has raised fundamental questions concerning the underlying flippase mechanism. Loss of P4-ATPase function perturbs vesicle formation in late secretory and endocytic compartments. An intriguing concept is that P4-ATPases help drive vesicle budding by generating imbalances in transbilayer lipid numbers. Moreover, activation of P4-ATPases by phosphoinositides and other effectors of coat recruitment provide a potential mechanism to confine flippase activity to sites of vesicle biogenesis. These developments have raised considerable interest in understanding the mechanism, regulation and biological implications of P4-ATPase-catalyzed phospholipid transport.
Structure, Knowledge and Social Relationships in Teacher Education

Abstract This article is an analysis of teacher training institutions in Britain from the mid‐1950s to the present day. Over this period, such institutions have gone through three distinct phases, indicated by their changing nomenclature: teacher training college; college of education; institute of higher education. At each stage, the structure, culture, organisation of knowledge and typical modes of social interaction have been different. It is argued that these three stages correspond with Weber's three ideal types: ‘charismatic education'; ‘education of the cultivated man'; ‘specialised expert training’. By using this Weberian idea the analysis attempts to relate the micro‐issues of interpersonal interaction and students’ educational identities, through the middle range problem of institutional structure, to the wider macro‐forces which have influenced teacher education. The article is based substantially upon fieldwork conducted by the author between 1974 and 1977.
Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and cytosolic calcium exert opposing effects on biosynthesis of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels in rat muscle cells

We have previously presented evidence that electrical activity and increased cytosolic calcium reduce the density of sarcolemmal tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium channels in cultured rat muscle cells (Sherman, S. J., and W. A. Catterall (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 81: 262–266). We show here that growth of cells in ryanodine has a biphasic effect on sodium channel number. At low concentrations (0.3 to 10 microM) where this drug releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm, sodium channel number is reduced 62%; whereas, at higher concentrations where total cellular calcium is depleted, the density of sodium channels is increased 40% above control. These results provide further evidence for modulation of sodium channel number by cytosolic calcium. Growth of muscle cells in the presence of agents that mimic cyclic AMP (cAMP) action or increase intracellular cAMP levels including 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-BrcAMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and forskolin increased sodium channel density up to 125%. This action did not involve changes in spontaneous electrical activity. Dibutyryl cGMP had no effect. Measurement of the turnover rate of sodium channels after block of channel accumulation by tunicamycin (1.5 micrograms/ml) gave a half- time of 18 hr for exponential decay of TTX-sensitive sodium channels in cultured rat muscle cells after an initial 6-hr lag period. Treatments which modulate sodium channel number through changes in cytosolic calcium or cAMP had no effect on the rate of channel turnover. The increase of sodium channel number after inhibiton of electrical activity or treatment with 8-BrcAMP was half-maximal at 17 hr, consistent with an increase in the rate of sodium channel biosynthesis and/or incorporation into the sarcolemma without a change in channel turnover time. We conclude that cytosolic calcium decreases and cAMP increases sodium channel number by modulating the rate of biosynthesis and/or processing of channel components. The biochemical mechanisms of these regulatory effects are considered.
İlköğretim Sosyal Bilgiler Kazanımlarının Sosyal Bilimler Disiplinlerine Ve Disiplinlerarası Anlayışa Uygunluğunun Belirlenmesi

Bu calisma, 2005 yilinda yenilenen ilkogretim programi ile birlikte degisen sosyal bilgiler mufredat programi kazanimlarinin disiplinler arasi anlayisa ve sosyal bilim disiplinlerine ne derece uygun oldugunu belirleme amaci ile yapilmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda hazirlanan olcege gore; “Sosyal bilgiler dersi kazanimlarinin sosyal bilim disiplinlerine ve disiplinler arasi anlayisa uygunluk duzeyi nedir? ” sorusuna cevap aranmaktadir. Arastirmada ilkogretim sosyal bilgiler dersi kazanimlarinin sosyal bilgiler ogretim programini olusturan sosyal bilim disiplinlerine ve disiplinler arasi anlayisa uygunlugunu belirlemek amaciyla dokuman analizi kullanilmistir. Ulasilan bulgulara gore, sosyal bilgiler mufredat programlarinda bulunan kazanimlarin sosyal bilim disiplinlerine ve disiplinler arasi anlayisa uygunlugu incelendiginde; sosyal bilimler disiplinlerine ait bulgularin kazanimlara yansitilmasi noktasinda basarili olundugu gorulmektedir. Diger taraftan kazanimlarin disiplinler arasi anlayisla yapilandirilmasi konusunda ise eksikliklerin oldugu anlasilmaktadir. 1998 programindaki kadar olmasa da 2005 sosyal bilgiler mufredat programlarinda da tarih ve cografyaya ait kazanimlarin fazlaca yer aldigi gorulmektedir. Din bilimi, arkeoloji ve felsefeye iliskin bulgularin kazanimlara yansitilmasi konusunda yine eksikliklerin oldugu saptanmistir
Concurrent mental health therapy among medicaid-enrolled youths starting antipsychotic medications.

OBJECTIVE The use of antipsychotic medications among children and adolescents has increased substantially in recent years, predominantly in disorders for which effective psychosocial interventions exist. The authors of this study examined the extent to which youths being prescribed antipsychotic medications were receiving concurrent mental health therapy. METHODS Using administrative data, the authors identified 6,110 Medicaid-enrolled youths starting antipsychotic medications from November 1, 2006, through October 31, 2009, and identified youths who had received any concurrent mental health therapy. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the relationship between concurrent therapy and sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent (N=4,155) of youths starting antipsychotic medications received concurrent therapy. Multivariate regression findings are that concurrent therapy was more common with younger children, recently hospitalized youths, children from urban communities, youths from racial-ethnic minority groups, children with an antipsychotic-indicated diagnosis, and youths eligible for Medicaid because of family income. CONCLUSIONS The finding that 68% of youths starting antipsychotic medications received concurrent therapy suggests that for a majority of children, these medications complemented rather than substituted for nonpharmacologic interventions. However, with almost one-third of youths not receiving concurrent therapy, a better understanding of the factors contributing to the lack of concurrent therapy for youths starting antipsychotic medications is needed. Children and families should be aware of and have access to effective psychosocial treatments for disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression that are common among children receiving antipsychotic medications.
Security That Matters: Critical Infrastructure and Objects of Protection

Critical infrastructure protection is prominently concerned with objects that appear indispensable for the functioning of social and political life. However, the analysis of material objects in discussions of critical infrastructure protection has remained largely within the remit of managerial responses, which see matter as simply passive, a blank slate. In security studies, critical approaches have focused on social and cultural values, forms of life, technologies of risk or structures of neoliberal globalization. This article engages with the role of ‘things’ or of materiality for theories of securitization. Drawing on the materialist feminism of Karen Barad, it shows how critical infrastructure in Europe neither is an empty receptacle of discourse nor has ‘essential’ characteristics; rather, it emerges out of material-discursive practices. Understanding the securitization of critical infrastructure protection as a process of materialization allows for a reconceptualization of how security matters and its effects.
Gender and digital privacy: Examining determinants of attitude toward digital piracy among youths in an emerging market

Digital piracy is rampant in developing countries, including Indonesia. Each year, it has caused billions of dollars of loss to many industries, such as software, video game, film and music industries. The present study aims to examine the determinants of attitude towards digital piracy and to explore whether gender matters in explaining the attitude. A convenience sample of 223 university students in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, participated in the research. The results show that males have a more positive attitude towards digital piracy than females. The determinants of attitude towards digital piracy among female consumers are affective beliefs, perceived importance of digital piracy issue and Machiavellianism, while the predictors for the male counterparts include affective beliefs, perceived importance of digital piracy issue and moral judgment.
What drives external funding to university and how funding effects academic innovation performance in UIG collaboration

This study focuses on analyzing the driving factors of government and industry funding and the effects of such funding on academic innovation performance in the Taiwan university-industry-government (UIG) collaboration system. This research defines the relationships of the triplet in the UIG collaboration system as a complex intertwined combination that covers demography, financial support, and innovation performance. These relationships are simultaneously modeled by structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the causal-effect relationship among the antecedent factors on the subsequent ones. This model will enable us to realize three questions: (1) Are the government or industry funding tied to university innovation performance, rather to university demography, or both of them? (2) Does government funding lead the industry funding? (3) Does government or industry funding conduce to more university innovation performance?
PLC‐β1 knockout mice as a model of disrupted cortical development and plasticity: Behavioral endophenotypes and dysregulation of RGS4 gene expression

The complexity of the genetics underlying schizophrenia is highlighted by the multitude of molecular pathways that have been reported to be disrupted in the disorder including muscarinic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic signaling systems. It is of interest, therefore, that phospholipase C‐β1 (PLC‐β1) acts as a point of convergence for these pathways during cortical development and plasticity. These signaling pathways, furthermore, are susceptible to modulation by RGS4, one of the more promising candidate genes for schizophrenia. PLC‐β1 knockout mice were behaviorally assessed on tests including fear conditioning, elevated plus maze, and the Y maze. In situ hybridization was used to assess RGS4 expression. We found that PLC‐β1 knockout mice display abnormal anxiety profiles on some, but not all measures assessed, including decreased anxiety on the elevated plus maze. We also show memory impairment and a complete absence of acquisition of hippocampal‐dependent fear conditioning. Furthermore, at a molecular level, we demonstrate dramatic changes in expression of RGS4 mRNA in selective regions of the PLC‐β1 knockout mouse brain, particularly the CA1 region of the hippocampus. These results validate the utility of the PLC‐β1 knockout mouse as a model of schizophrenia, including molecular and cellular evidence for disrupted cortical maturation and associated behavioral endophenotypes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementing evidence-based stroke Early Supported Discharge services: a qualitative study of challenges, facilitators and impact

Objectives: To explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals and commissioners working with a stroke Early Supported Discharge service in relation to: (1) the factors that facilitate or impede the implementation of the service, and (2) the impact of the service. Design: Cross-sectional qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed by two researchers using a thematic analysis approach. Setting: Two Early Supported Discharge services in Nottinghamshire. Participants: Purposive sampling identified 35 key informants including practitioners, managers and commissioners. Results: The identified facilitators to the implementation of evidence-based services were: (1) the adaptability of the intervention to the healthcare context, (2) the role of rehabilitation assistants and (3) cross-service working arrangements. Perceived challenges included: (1) lack of clarity regarding the referral decision making process, (2) delays in securing social care input and (3) lack of appropriate follow-on services in the region. Most respondents perceived the impact of the services to be: (1) reducing in-hospital stay, (2) aiding the seamless transfer of care from hospital to the community and (3) providing intensive stroke specific therapy. Commissioners called for greater evidence of service impact and clarity regarding where it fits into the stroke pathway. Conclusions: Early Supported Discharge services were perceived as successful in providing home-based, stroke specific rehabilitation. Teams would benefit from capitalising on identified facilitators and developing strategies to address the challenges. The remit and impact of the services should be clear and demonstrable, with teams strengthening links with other health and social care providers.
Terpenoid Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Two Indian Valerian Oils from the Khasi Hills of North-east India

The volatile constituents of Valeriana jatamansi Jones and V. hardwickii Wall. (Valerianaceae) collected from the Khasi Hills of northeast India were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-seven and twenty-one compounds were characterized and identified from V. jatamansi and V. hardwickii samples, representing 90.6% and 82.7% of the total oil, respectively. Sesquiterpenes were shown to be the main constituents in both the oil samples. Maaliol (26.1%), patchouli alcohol (9.3%) and α-gurjunene (8.7%) were the major components of V. jatamansi oil, whereas valeracetate (21.3%), methyl linoleate (14.1%), bornyl acetate (13.8%) and cuparene (7.1%) were the main constituents of V. hardwickii oil. Both Indian valerian essential oils were studied for their antioxidant activities using the free radical-scavanging activity (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. V. hardwickii oil exhibited a higher antioxidant capacity than V. jatamansi in both assays. For both the valerian oil samples, there was a concentration-dependent increase in free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing capacity. Both valerian oils and their ingredients are potential sources of natural antioxidants.
Effects of Intentional Distortion in Personality Measurement and evaluation of Suggested Palliatives

Two rational, a priori strategies for dealing with intentional distortion of self-descriptions were developed and evaluated according to their (a) impact on criterion-related validity, (b) effect on scale score means for the total group as well as women and minorities, and (c) impact on who specifically is hired. One strategy involves correcting an individual's content scale scores based on the individual's score on an Unlikely Virtues (UV) scale. A second strategy involves removing people from the applicant pool because their scores on an UV scale suggest they are presenting themselves in an overly favorable way. Incumbent and applicant data from three large studies were used to evaluate the two strategies. The data suggest that (a) neither strategy affects criterion-related validities, (b) both strategies produce applicant mean scores for content scales that are closer to incumbent mean scores, (c) men, women, Whites, and minorities are not differentially affected, and (d) both strategies result in a su.
The effects of cultural intelligence on performance in multicultural teams

This study investigates the relative performance changes of multicultural teams (MCTs) over time, as well as the relationship between cultural intelligence (CQ) and performance in MCTs. More specifically, we argue that MCTs' CQ alleviates the adverse effect of cultural diversity on team performance, thereby demonstrating the importance of CQ for multicultural teams. Using data from 73 project groups comprising 327 members, the results have demonstrated that the degree of cultural diversity on MCTs influences team performance over time, and that those teams with higher levels of CQ tend to gradually exhibit higher rates of performance improvement. In addition, the results indicate that CQ moderates the relationship between cultural diversity and team performance.