Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broken rotor bar detection in LS-PMSMs based on statistical features analysis of start-up current envelope

Early detection of asymmetry in electrical motors is important because of their diversity of use in different fields. A proper fault detection scheme helps to stop propagation of the failure or limit its escalation to severe degrees and thus prevents unscheduled downtimes that cause loss of production and financial income. Line start-permanent magnet motor (LS-PMSM) is one of the modern high efficiency motor introduced to the market recently. A new method for the fault diagnosis of a broken rotor bar in line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented in this paper. The method is based on the analysis of the transient stator current envelopes of LS-PMSM using statistical features in time domain analysis. Four different level of load were investigated in this study to indicate the effect of load in broken rotor bar detection. Hilbert Transform is used to extract the envelope of the current signal during the transient reign.
Testing and Modeling Threshold Autoregressive Processes

Abstract The threshold autoregressive model is one of the nonlinear time series models available in the literature. It was first proposed by Tong (1978) and discussed in detail by Tong and Lim (1980) and Tong (1983). The major features of this class of models are limit cycles, amplitude dependent frequencies, and jump phenomena. Much of the original motivation of the model is concerned with limit cycles of a cyclical time series, and indeed the model is capable of producing asymmetric limit cycles. The threshold autoregressive model, however, has not received much attention in application. This is due to (a) the lack of a suitable modeling procedure and (b) the inability to identify the threshold variable and estimate the threshold values. The primary goal of this article, therefore, is to suggest a simple yet widely applicable model-building procedure for threshold autoregressive models. Based on some predictive residuals, a simple statistic is proposed to test for threshold nonlinearity and specify the .
Single Server Queueing Models for Communication Systems

One of the most important performance measures in the analysis of data networks is the average delay required to deliver a packet from origin to destination. The packet delay will aaect the choice and performance of several network algorithms such as routing and ow control. Queueing theory is the primary methodological framework for analyzing network delay. It provides a basis for adequate delay approximations, as well as valuable qualitative results and worthwhile insights. The literature on queueing models for communication systems is abundant. In this paper we concentrate on single server queueing models for communication systems. We describe some of the more recent models that were developed for modeling the behavior of nodes of modern communication networks. These models are fundamental and provide the foundation for more elaborate models with multiple servers. We focus on the queueing and transmission delays of packets. First, we describe some classical queueing models, namely, the M=M=1, M=G=1 and G=M=1 queueing models. These models assume that all interarrival times and service times are independent. This assumption does not hold for communication systems and we describe extensions of the classical queueing models to allow for such dependency. It is demonstrated that with this dependency the delays in the buuers preceding communication links are smaller. Next, we describe completely diierent approaches for the characterization of arrival processes. These characterizations are motivated by the need to model real-time applications in high-speed communication networks where it is important to capture the burstiness of the arrival processes. Finally, we describe another performance measure, namely, the message delay. The motivation for this measure arises from the process of segmentation and reassembly of messages into packets which is natural for packet-switched networks.
Gender in intimate relationships : a socio-legal study

This thesis explores the extent to which the incorporation of same-sex relationships into formal regulatory domains is working to reinforce heteronormativity. It focuses on this issue in relation to the provision of legal advice on civil partnership dissolution. It concentrates on three main questions: 1) How can same-sex relationships, in light of civil partnerships (and, by extension, same-sex marriage), help to challenge social and legal constructions about the gendered nature of roles in intimate relationships? 2) To what extent do solicitors construct the issues and legal framework as being identical in same-sex matters to different-sex cases? 3) How do lesbians and gay men understand and experience the law of financial relief? It is argued that heteronormative conceptions of gender have been carried over from (different-sex) marriage into civil partnership proceedings, and that lesbians and gay men have, to a large extent, been assimilated into the mainstream. That said, civil partner clients have also resisted the imposition of heterosexual norms on their relationship, preferring to settle dissolution matters on their own terms, and opposing substantive financial remedies such as maintenance and pension sharing. In this way, civil partnership dissolution does still pose some novel challenges for family law.
Exploring Supermassive Black Hole Growth with ALMA

Massive tori with ≈108-109 M☉ are predicted to extend on a ~100 pc scale around the center of elliptical galaxy progenitors by a model of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth coeval to the spheroidal population of the host galaxy. Direct detection of such massive tori would cast light on a key physical condition that allows the rapid growth of SMBHs and the appearance of QSOs at high redshift. For this reason, we examine the detectability of such structures at substantial redshift with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). We propose that submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) are the best targets to test our predictions. In order to assess the observational feasibility, we estimate the expected number counts of SMGs with massive tori and check the detectability with the ALMA instrument, the unique facility which can resolve the central region of high-redshift objects. Our work shows that ALMA will be able to resolve and detect high-J (J > 4) CO emissions from ~100 pc scale extended massive tori up to z ≈ 2. Observations of lensed SMGs will yield excellent spatial resolution, allowing us to resolve their massive tori at even higher redshift. We further discuss the detectability of the HCN molecule as a better tracer of the high-density gas expected in such tori. The final goal of these kind of observations is to pinpoint possible physical mechanisms for storing very large amounts of gas in the very central galactic regions on timescales of several 108 yr.
An Empirical Characterisation of Response Types in German Association Norms ⋆ ⋆

This article presents a study to distinguish and quantify th e various types of semantic associations provided by humans, to investigate their prop erties, and to discuss the impact that our analyses may have on NLP tasks. Specifically, we concentrate on wo issues related to word properties and word relations: (1) We address the task of modelli ng word meaning by empirical features in data-intensive lexical semantics. Relying on large-sca le orpus-based resources, we identify the contextual categories and functions that are activated by t he associates and therefore contribute to the salient meaning components of individual words and acro ss words. As a result, we discuss conceptual roles and present evidence for the usefulness of coc urrence information in distributional descriptions. (2) We assume that semantic associates provi de a means to investigate the range of semantic relations between words and contexts, and we provi de insight into which types of semantic relations are treated as important or salient by the speaker s of the language.
Hybrid Method for Localization Using WLAN

There are essentially two categories of signal strength (SS) based techniques for positioning using WLAN (Wireless LAN): ‘Trilateration’ and ‘Location Fingerprint’. The prerequisite of the trilateration method is using a signal propagation model to convert SS to a transmitterreceiver (T-R) separated distance measurement. Utilizing the general empirical model can only obtain a very inaccurate distance of T-R, so a more accurate model is required. The RF signal propagation is very complicated, especially in the indoor environment. However, locally, such as within a small room, the propagation model is better behaved. The proposed hybrid method has two stages. In the first stage, it uses the fingerprinting method with a fast training phase to obtain an estimate of the MU (mobile user) position—indicate which room the MU is. In the second stage, trilateration is used to compute the MU location more accurately. The result shows the proposed method is better than the simple trilateration method based on general propagation mode, but worse than the fingerprinting method with a medium training phase.
Assessment of the Type D Personality Construct in the Korean Population: A Validation Study of the Korean DS14

This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the Type D Personality Scale-14 (DS14) and evaluate the psychiatric symptomatology of Korean cardiac patients with Type D personality. Healthy control (n = 954), patients with a coronary heart disease (n = 111) and patients with hypertension and no heart disease (n = 292) were recruited. All three groups completed DS14, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the state subscale of Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CESD), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The Korean DS14 was internally consistent and stable over time. 27% of the subjects were classified as Type D. Type D individuals had significantly higher mean scores on the STAI-S, CESD, and GHQ compared to non-Type D subjects in each group. The Korean DS14 was a valid and reliable tool for identifying Type D personality. The general population and cardiovascular patients with Type D personality showed higher rate of depression, anxiety and psychological distress regarding their health. Therefore, identifying Type D personality is important in clinical research and practice in chronic medical disorders, especially cardiovascular disease, in Korea.
The Effects of Maturation on the Colonic Microflora in Infancy and Childhood

The composition of colonic mircoflora and its changes with maturation have rarely been investigated in large samples. Methods. We used conventional microbiological testing to analyse the colonic flora (Kyberstatus, Institut forMicroecology, Herborn, Germany) of stool samples from 12 484 children with different intestinal and nonintestinal diagnoses. Stool samples were analysed for total colony forming units (CFU) (per g stool) and the abundance of Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides sp. , Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp. , and Lactobacillus sp. with respect to age, gender. A subset of 1089 infants was analysed for monthly changes within the first year of life. Results. Total CFU and individual microbial species were highest during the first year of life, decreased within the first 2 years, and then stabilized for the remaining childhood. In infants, the total CFU rose until month 5, declined with weaning, and peaked at 9–10 months. Significant effects of age, but not of gender, were found in Bacteroides sp. and Lactobacilli. However Bacterioids sp. and Lactobacilli increased with age, while Enterococci and E. coli decreased, and Bifidobacteria remained stable. Conclusion. Colonic microflora show both a bacteria-specific and general pattern of maturation which is most profound within the first year.
Synthesis of high-performance analog circuits in ASTRX/OBLX

We present a new synthesis strategy that can automate fully the path from an analog circuit topology and performance specifications to a sized circuit schematic. This strategy relies on asymptotic waveform evaluation to predict circuit performance and simulated annealing to solve a novel unconstrained optimization formulation of the circuit synthesis problem. We have implemented this strategy in a pair of tools called ASTRX and OBLX. To show the generality of our new approach, we have used this system to resynthesize essentially all the analog synthesis benchmarks published in the past decade; ASTRX/OBLX has resynthesized circuits in an afternoon that, for some prior approaches, had required months. To show the viability of the approach on difficult circuits, we have resynthesized a recently published (and patented), high-performance operational amplifier; ASTRX/OBLX achieved performance comparable to the expert manual design. And finally, to test the limits of the approach on industrial-sized problems, we have synthesized the component cells of a pipelined A/D converter; ASTRX/OBLX successfully generated cells 2-3/spl times/ more complex than those published previously.
MeshWorks: A Comprehensive Framework for Optimized Clock Mesh Network Synthesis

Clock mesh networks are well known for their variation tolerance. But their usage is limited to high-end designs due to the significantly high resource requirements compared to clock trees and the lack of automatic mesh synthesis tools. Most existing works on clock mesh networks either deal with semi-custom design or perform optimizations on a given clock mesh. However, the problem of obtaining a good initial clock mesh has not been addressed. Also, the problem of achieving a smooth tradeoff between variation tolerance and resource requirements has not been addressed adequately. In this paper, we present our MeshWorks framework, the first comprehensive automated framework for planning, synthesis, and optimization of clock mesh networks that addresses the above issues. Experimental results suggest that our algorithms can achieve an additional reduction of 31% in buffer area, 21% in wirelength, and 23% in power, compared to the best previous work, with similar worst case maximum frequency. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework under several practical issues such as blockages, multiple clocks, uneven load distribution, and electromigration violations.
Becoming “Black”: Exploring the Racialized Experiences of African Immigrants in the United States

ABSTRACT This qualitative study critically examines how African students experience racialization and the process of negotiating their Black racial identity in the United States. The authors conducted focus group interviews to analyze the collective racialized experiences among African international students and African students who live in the United States as permanent residents or naturalized U.S. citizens at a Midwestern University. They discovered two themes that constituted how the participants made sense of their shifting Black subjectivity. This study reveals that Black migrants use multiple and sometimes contradictory strategies to negotiate their shifting Black subjectivity, which ultimately has implications for intercultural relations and Black identity politics.
Heat Shock Protein 90 is overexpressed in high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and associated with higher expression and activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase

Myelodysplastic syndromes are characterized by a high risk of evolution into acute myeloid leukaemia which can involve activation of signalling pathways. As the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has a key role in signal transduction, we investigated its role in the pathogenesis and evolution of myelodysplastic syndromes. Expressions of HSP90 and signalling proteins clients (phosphorylated-AKT (pAKT), Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated-FAK (pFAK)), were assessed in bone marrow mononuclear and CD34-positive (CD34+) cells from 177 patients with myelodysplasia. Effects of HSP90 inhibition were also evaluated in 39 samples. The levels of all proteins studied were significantly higher in patients with high grade disease, than those with low grade myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. High levels of HSP90, FAK, pFAK and pAKT were associated with shorter survival and increased risk of progression into acute leukaemia. A down regulation of pFAK and pAKT and increased apoptosis was observed in mononuclear and CD34+ cells after 12 hours of incubation with 17-AAG. In conclusion, our data suggest the implication of HSP90 and FAK and AKT activation in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes with excess of blasts and evolution to leukaemia. Moreover this signalling network could be a therapeutic target through HSP90 inhibition.
Preferential Recognition of Self Antigens Despite Normal Thymic Deletion of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells1

T cell tolerance to self Ags is in part established in the thymus by induction of apoptosis or anergy of potentially autoreactive thymocytes. Some autospecific T cells nevertheless migrate to peripheral lymphoid organs but are kept under control by the recently identified CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell subset. Because these cells inhibit autoimmunity more efficiently than useful non-self Ag-specific immune responses, they are probably autospecific, posing important questions as to how they develop in the thymus. In this study we show that significantly more peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells recognize self than non-self Ags. However, we also show for a large panel of endogenous superantigens as well as for self peptide/MHC complexes that autospecific CD4+CD25+ thymocyte precursors are normally deleted during ontogeny. Combined, our data firmly establish that the repertoire of regulatory T cells is specifically enriched in autospecific cells despite the fact that their precursors are normally susceptible to thymic deletion.
Attention Redirection Using Binaurally Spatialised Cues Delivered Over a Bone Conduction Headset

Visual search performance was studied using auditory cues delivered over a bone conduction headset. Two types of auditory cues were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of such cues in an attention redirection task. Participants were required to locate and shoot targets at one of four locations on a screen when one of the two audio cues was delivered. Reaction and target acquisition times were significantly reduced when the binaurally spatialised cues were used compared to unlocalisable, monophonic cues. This appears to suggest that an auditory cue with directional information is far superior at aiding search tasks or alerting the user to redirect attention in the real-world space in comparison to a centered ‘monophonic’ cue. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of a binaurally spatialised, dynamic cue and point to its potential use in an information rich environment to provide useful and actionable information.
Increased transmitter release at excitatory synapses produced by direct activation of adenylate cyclase in rat hippocampal slices

The field EPSP recorded in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices is potentiated by bath application of the direct adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (Chavez-Noriega and Stevens, 1992a). We have now used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to analyze the effect of forskolin on evoked synaptic currents and on spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) recorded in rat hippocampal slices in order to determine the relative contributions of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms to this increased synaptic strength. Application of 50 microM forskolin in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1- methylxanthine (IBMX; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) enhanced the evoked EPSC (eEPSC) peak amplitude to 230 +/- 43% of control (n = 13). No significant change in sEPSC or in mEPSC amplitude was detected after forskolin addition (106 +/- 7%, n = 9), indicating that postsynaptic receptor sensitivity at synaptic junctions is not greatly affected. In contrast, a large increase in sEPSC and mEPSC frequency was noted in all cells (299 +/- 81%). Following forskolin application, the amplitude distribution of evoked synaptic currents shifted to larger values, but more significantly, a sharp decrease in failure rate was produced in all cells tested. Also, a significant correlation was found between the potentiation produced by forskolin in IBMX on the eEPSC and the ratio of the squared coefficient of variation (CV = SD/mean). Finally, a quantal analysis of four cells was consistent with the hypothesis that transmitter release was increased by forskolin/IBMX with, if anything, a concomitant decrease in quantal size. Together, these observations indicate that presynaptic mechanisms significantly contribute to the enhancement produced by this diterpene. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Uncertainty Aversion in Experiential Learning

Most theories and experimental studies of choice under uncertainty focus on choices between alternatives with known probability distributions. In many real-life contexts, however, the distribution of payoffs is not known, but have to be estimated from observations of outcomes. March (1996) illustrated how such experiential learning could produce seemingly risk-averse behavior even among risk-neutral individuals. This paper formally demonstrates that a large class of learning procedures produces seemingly risk-averse behavior in situations where information about an uncertain alternative can only be obtained by choosing it. Moreover, I show that such risk sensitivity is actually an adaptive response to the trade-off in sequential choice under uncertainty between exploration and exploitation. In particular, uncertainty aversion follows even if a risk neutral decision maker would follow an optimal policy of experimentation in the socalled one-armed bandit problem. These results illustrate the implications of the costs of learning about unknown and uncertain alternatives and suggest a different interpretation of observations of a preference for a certain alternative over an uncertain alternative. They also have implications for the rationality of positive hypothesis testing strategies.