Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multisource Transmission for Wireless Relay Networks With Linear Complexity

This paper considers transmission schemes in multiaccess relay networks (MARNs) where J single-antenna sources send independent information to one N-antenna destination through one M-antenna relay. For complexity considerations, we propose a linear framework, where the relay linearly transforms its received signals to generate the forwarded signals without decoding and the destination uses its multiantennas to fully decouple signals from different sources before decoding, by which the decoding complexity is linear in the number of sources. To achieve a high symbol rate, we first propose a scheme called ConcurrentS→R→D-ICD in which all sources' information streams are concurrently transmitted in both the source-relay link and the relay-destination link. In this scheme, distributed space-time coding (DSTC) is applied at the relay, which satisfies the linear constraint. DSTC also allows the destination to conduct the zero-forcing interference cancellation (IC) scheme originally proposed for multiantenna systems to fully decouple signals from different sources. Our analysis shows that the symbol rate of ConcurrentS→R→D-ICD is 1/2 symbols/source/channel use and the diversity gain of the scheme is upperbounded by M-J+1. To achieve a higher diversity gain, we propose another scheme called ConcurrentR→D-ICD in which the sources time-share the source-relay link. The relay coherently combines the signals on its antennas to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each source, then concurrently forwards all sources' information. The destination performs zero-forcing IC. It is shown through both analysis and simulation that when N ≥ 2J-1, ConcurrentR→D-ICD achieves the same maximum diversity gain as the full TDMA scheme in which information streams from each source are assigned to orthogonal channels in both links, but with a higher symbol rate.
Effect of high-dose phytase and citric acid, alone or in combination, on growth performance of broilers given diets severely limited in available phosphorus

Abstract 1. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of high-dose phytase alone or in combination with citric acid (CA) in the diet severely limited in available phosphorus (P) on performance, plasma P and plasma Ca of broilers from 22 to 42 d of age. 2. In Trial 1, 297 21-d-old female chicks were placed into 27 pens and allocated to 9 maize-soybean meal-based dietary treatments, which were a positive control [PC, 4.23 g/kg non-phytate P (NPP)] and 8 negative control (NC, 1.35 g/kg NPP) groups consisting of two concentrations of CA (0 and 20 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of phytase (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 U/kg) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In Trial 2, 192 21-d-old male chicks were placed into 24 pens and allocated to 6 wheat-canola meal-based dietary treatments, which were a PC (4.2 g/kg NPP), a NC (1.68 g/kg NPP) and 4 NC groups consisting of two concentrations of CA (0 and 20 g/kg) and two concentrations of phytase (2000 and 4000 U/kg) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. 3. In both trials, birds fed on the PC had significantly higher average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), plasma P and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and plasma Ca than those of birds fed on the NC. CA supplementation significantly increased ADG and ADFI. There was a significant interaction between CA and phytase on plasma P where CA improved the effect of phytase on plasma P. In Trial 1, phytase addition improved ADG, ADFI, FCR and plasma Ca linearly. 4. Briefly, this research showed the interaction effect between CA and phytase on plasma P when broilers were fed on diets based on maize-soybean meal or wheat-canola meal. The results showed that CA supplementation lowered the concentration of phytase that is needed in low NPP diets to increase plasma P.
Effect of Dynamic Display and Speed of Display Movement on Reading Chinese Text Presented on a Small Screen

Automatic dynamic displays, e.g., scrolling displays, are frequently used to present text information on small screens. This study examined the effects of three dynamic displays [leading, scrolling, and rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP)] and three presentations speeds [171, 250, and 305 wpm (words per minute)] on subjects' reading comprehension for different types of small screens for laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and mobile phones. 12 college students who were native speakers of Chinese (4 men and 8 women between the ages of 19 and 36 years) participated. Scores for reading comprehension indicated (1) for laptops, both leading displays and RSVP, at speeds of about 250 wpm, comprehension was highest; (2) for PDAs and mobile phones, scrolling displays and RSVP, speeds of about 305 wpm were more suitable for presenting information in Chinese text; (3) consequently, RSVP appeared to be the most viable dynamic display on small screens and led to the highest reading comprehension for these Chinese readers.
Weight Loss After Stroke: A Population-Based Study From the Lund Stroke Register

Background and Purpose— Data on the prevalence and indicators of weight loss in population-based groups of stroke survivors are scarce. We aimed to find the predictors and indicators of weight loss >3 kg as a possible marker of malnutrition after stroke. Methods— We registered weight at baseline, after 4 months, and 1 year later in 305 survivors from a population-based cohort of first-ever stroke patients. Characteristics of the patients were registered at baseline and follow-ups, including glycosylated hemoglobin at baseline and follow-up II, eating difficulties at both follow-ups, and screening for depression at follow-up II. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to find baseline predictors and follow-up indicators related to weight loss >3 kg from baseline. Results— Among the 305 patients, 60% were male, the mean age was 72.5 years, and mean body mass index was 25.8 kg/m2. The main stroke types were cerebral infarction (89%), intracerebral hemorrhage (7%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (4%). Weight loss >3 kg was found in 74 (24%) patients (mean, −6.6 kg) after 4 months and in 79 patients (26%; mean, −8.3 kg) 1 year later. Severe stroke and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels were baseline predictors of weight loss >3 kg. Indicators associated with short-term weight loss (at follow-up I) were eating difficulties, low prealbumin value, and dependence (Barthel Index), whereas indicators associated with long-term weight loss (follow-up II) were eating difficulties, hemorrhagic stroke, and low prealbumin value. Conclusions— Weight loss >3 kg after stroke indicates the need for closer observation regarding nutritional status. Monitoring of body weight may be useful, particularly among patients with severe stroke, eating difficulties, low prealbumin values, and impaired glucose metabolism.
Visual cortex combines a stimulus and an error-like signal with a proportion that is dependent on time, space, and stimulus contrast

Even though the visual cortex is one of the most studied brain areas, the neuronal code in this area is still not fully understood. In the literature, two codes are commonly hypothesized, namely stimulus and predictive (error) codes. Here, we examined whether and how these two codes can coexist in a neuron. To this end, we assumed that neurons could predict a constant stimulus across time or space, since this is the most fundamental type of prediction. Prediction was examined in time using electrophysiology and voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the supragranular layers in area 18 of the anesthetized cat, and in space using a computer model. The distinction into stimulus and error code was made by means of the orientation tuning of the recorded unit. The stimulus was constructed as such that a maximum response to the non-preferred orientation indicated an error signal, and the maximum response to the preferred orientation indicated a stimulus signal. We demonstrate that a single neuron combines stimulus and error-like coding. In addition, we observed that the duration of the error coding varies as a function of stimulus contrast. For low contrast the error-like coding was prolonged by around 60–100%. Finally, the combination of stimulus and error leads to a suboptimal free energy in a recent predictive coding model. We therefore suggest a straightforward modification that can be applied to the free energy model and other predictive coding models. Combining stimulus and error might be advantageous because the stimulus code enables a direct stimulus recognition that is free of assumptions whereas the error code enables an experience dependent inference of ambiguous and non-salient stimuli.
Sea surface temperature and salinity seasonal changes in the western Solomon and Bismarck Seas

We analyze mean and seasonal change of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Salinity (SSS) in the Solomon and Bismarck Seas, using 1977–2009 in situ data collected from Voluntary Observing Ships. Covariability of these two variables with surface wind, altimeter-derived and model-derived horizontal currents, precipitation, and Sepik River discharge are examined. SST and SSS show large annual oscillations in the Solomon Sea, with the coldest and saltiest waters occurring in July/August mainly due to horizontal advection. In contrast, they show large semiannual oscillations in the Bismarck Sea. There, the coldest and saltiest waters happen in January/February, when the northwest monsoon winds drive coastal upwelling, and in July/August, when the New Guinea Coastal Current advects cold and high-salinity waters from the Solomon Sea through Vitiaz Strait. The low SSS values observed in April/May, stuck between the January/ February and July/August SSS maxima, are further enhanced by the Sepik River discharge annual maximum. A high-resolution model strengthens the conclusions we derive from observations. The impacts of ENSO on SST and SSS are also discussed with, for instance, saltier-than-average and fresher-than-average waters during the 2002–2003 El Ni~no and 2007–2008 La Ni~na, respectively.
Identifying transmission routes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and sources of acquisitions in high transmission communities

Abstract Identifying the transmission sources and reservoirs of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a long-standing question for pneumococcal epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and vaccine policy. Here we use serotype to identify SP transmission and examine acquisitions (in the same household, local community, and county, or of unidentified origin) in a longitudinal cohort of children and adults from the Navajo Nation and the White Mountain Apache American Indian Tribes. We found that adults acquire SP relatively more in the household than other age groups, and children 2–8 years old typically acquire in their own or surrounding communities. Age-specific transmission probability matrices show that transmissions within household were mostly seen from older to younger siblings. Outside the household, children most often transmit to other children in the same age group, showing age-assortative mixing behavior. We find toddlers and older children to be most involved in SP transmission and acquisition, indicating their role as key drivers of SP epidemiology. Although infants have high carriage prevalence, they do not play a central role in transmission of SP compared with toddlers and older children. Our results are relevant to inform alternative pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing strategies and analytic efforts to inform optimization of vaccine programs, as well as assessing the transmission dynamics of pathogens transmitted by close contact in general.
Tissue-Dependent Consequences of Apc Inactivation on Proliferation and Differentiation of Ciliated Cell Progenitors via Wnt and Notch Signaling

The molecular signals that control decisions regarding progenitor/stem cell proliferation versus differentiation are not fully understood. Differentiation of motile cilia from progenitor/stem cells may offer a simple tractable model to investigate this process. Wnt and Notch represent two key signaling pathways in progenitor/stem cell behavior in a number of tissues. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Apc is a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway and a well known multifunctional protein. Using the cre-LoxP system we inactivated the Apc locus via Foxj1-cre, which is expressed in cells committed to ciliated cell lineage. We then characterized the consequent phenotype in two select tissues that bear motile cilia, the lung and the testis. In the lung, Apc deletion induced β-catenin accumulation and Jag1 expression in ciliated cells and by lateral induction, triggered Notch signaling in adjacent Clara cells. In the bronchiolar epithelium, absence of Apc blocked the differentiation of a subpopulation of cells committed to the ciliogenesis program. In the human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells, Apc over-expression inhibited Jag1 expression and promoted motile ciliogenic gene expression program including Foxj1, revealing the potential mechanism. In the testis, Apc inactivation induced β-catenin accumulation in the spermatogonia, but silenced Notch signaling and depleted spermatogonial stem cells, associated with reduced proliferation, resulting in male infertility. In sum, the present comparative analysis reveals the tissue-dependent consequences of Apc inactivation on proliferation and differentiation of ciliated cell progenitors by coordinating Wnt and Notch signaling.
A Practical Evaluation of Information Processing and Abstraction Techniques for the Internet of Things

The term Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interaction and communication between billions of devices that produce and exchange data related to real-world objects (i.e. things). Extracting higher level information from the raw sensory data captured by the devices and representing this data as machine-interpretable or human-understandable information has several interesting applications. Deriving raw data into higher level information representations demands mechanisms to find, extract, and characterize meaningful abstractions from the raw data. This meaningful abstractions then have to be presented in a human and/or machine-understandable representation. However, the heterogeneity of the data originated from different sensor devices and application scenarios such as e-health, environmental monitoring, and smart home applications, and the dynamic nature of sensor data make it difficult to apply only one particular information processing technique to the underlying data. A considerable amount of methods from machine-learning, the semantic web, as well as pattern and data mining have been used to abstract from sensor observations to information representations. This paper provides a survey of the requirements and solutions and describes challenges in the area of information abstraction and presents an efficient workflow to extract meaningful information from raw sensor data based on the current state-of-the-art in this area. This paper also identifies research directions at the edge of information abstraction for sensor data. To ease the understanding of the abstraction workflow process, we introduce a software toolkit that implements the introduced techniques and motivates to apply them on various data sets.
Mohit Iyyer -research Statement Prior Work Figure 1: a Quiz Bowl Question about Eugene Ionesco's Absurdist Play Rhinoceros

Overview To truly understand the narratives, motivations, and arguments put forth in written text, computers must traverse a linguistic landscape rife with complex phenomena (like the metaphor in this sentence). How can we encode all of the nuances of human language in a form that is both understandable and useful for machines? The recent success of neural networks—the backbone of deep learning—has forced researchers to rethink this question: words, sentences, and even documents can be represented by learned vectors of real-valued numbers. For many traditional language-based tasks (e.g., translation, parsing, question answering), deep neural networks are state-of-the-art when given enough data. However, this reliance on big data has restricted researchers to linguistically-bland but omnipresent domains such as newswire text, which in turn limits both the types of tasks that can be tackled and the language diversity in training datasets for traditional tasks. Creative language—the sort found in novels, film, and comics—contains a wide range of syntactic variation (from Hemingway's staccato to the long, winding sentences of Faulkner) as well as higher-level discourse structures (e.g., narrative arcs of characters and relationships) that are absent from broadcast news transcripts or restaurant reviews. A better computational understanding of creative language will lead to more engaging conversational systems, novel multimodal architectures that intelligently combine text and images, and advances in the digital humanities; however, there have been few prior efforts to harness deep learning to this end. My research focuses on designing deep neural architectures that can understand and generate creative language. Much of my work to date has explored the interplay between linguistic syntax and semantics in various deep architectures, primarily through the lens of question answering. In particular, I have designed neural networks for quiz bowl, a trivia game in which players are asked to identify entities (e.g., novels, paintings, battles) from paragraph-long descriptions (see Figure 1). While our models can answer questions about literature and art on par with human quiz bowl players, they have not actually " read " any novels or " seen " any paintings! Inspired by this observation, another thread of my research involves building deep models that understand creative source material by learning concepts from words or pixels; this is also the direction that I hope to pursue in the future. Deep Learning for Question Answering: I collaborated with Richard Socher to create qanta, one of the first deep learning models for question answering (Iyyer et …
Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Control Index, Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Corn

Maize (Zea mays L) is the most important cereal crop next rice and wheat in India and also a predominant cereal in the global agricultural economy. Weed management is a serious challenge for successful cultivation of sweet corn. Weeds compete with the crops for the available resources viz., light, nutrient, moisture and space particularly at the initial stages of crop growth period. This reflects to the drastic reduction of yield and quality of final produce. Hence the present study was undertaken with the following objective to assess effectiveness of pre emergence and postemergence herbicide in comparison with hand weeding on sweet corn. Field experiment were conducted during 2013 at the Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture. Annamalai Nagar with different weed management practices to assess the weed control index, yield components and yield in sweet corn (Zea mays. L). Results clearly indicated that twice hand weeding on 20 and 40 DAS (days after sowing) significantly increases the growth and yield components in sweet corn. Highest green cob yield(14560 kg ha) was resulted from this treatment followed by atrazine 1 kg ha as pre-emergence herbicide at 3 DAS + one hand weeding at 40 DAS (14265 kg ha). The least values of growth and yield components were recorded in weedy check.
A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Andorra

Abstract Within the last decade, checklists of the ant fauna of several European countries have been published or updated. Nevertheless, no ant checklists have hitherto been published for the principality of Andorra, a small landlocked country located in the eastern part of the Pyrenees. This work presents a critical list of the ant species of Andorra based on a review of the literature and on the biological material we collected during several field campaigns conducted in Andorra since the year 2005. Seventy-five species belonging to 21 genera of Formicidae were recorded. Nine species were recorded for the first time in Andorra: Aphaenogaster gibbosa (Latreille, 1798), Camponotus lateralis (Olivier, 1792), Camponotus piceus (Leach, 1825), Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846, Lasius piliferus Seifert, 1992, Tapinoma madeirense Forel, 1895, Temnothorax lichtensteini (Bondroit, 1918), Temnothorax niger (Forel, 1894), Temnothorax nigriceps (Mayr, 1855). The most speciose genera were Formica Linnaeus, 1758 and Temnothorax Forel, 1890 with 14 and 12 species, respectively. The ant fauna of Andorra is mostly dominated by Central European species (some are typical cold climate specialists); however species belonging to the Mediterranean ant fauna were also found. This can be explained by the particular geographic situation of Andorra which is characterized by a high mountain Mediterranean climate.
Association of the SUV39H1 histone methyltransferase with the DNA methyltransferase 1 at mRNA expression level in primary colorectal cancer

This study was aimed at investigating the involvement of the SUV39H1 histone methyltransferase on the epigenetic change of euchromatic promoter in colorectal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the mRNA levels of SUV39H1 and the promoter methylation of the p14ARF, p16INK4a and HLTF genes as well as the mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in fresh frozen tissues from 219 colorectal cancer patients. The mRNA levels of the SUV39H1 and DNMT1 were assessed via quantitative real‐time PCR and the methylation profiles of the CpG islands were determined using methylation‐specific PCR. The mRNA levels of SUV39H1 and DNMT1 were elevated in 25% and 42% of 219 colorectal cancers, respectively. The hypermethylation of the p14ARF, p16INK4a and HLTF genes occurred in 36%, 51% and 34% of the patients. The elevated mRNA levels of SUV39H1 were not associated with the hypermethylation of the 3 genes. However, the mRNA levels of DNMT1 were significantly different between patients with elevated mRNA levels of SUV39H1 and those without (1.62 ± 0.84, 0.91 ± 0.81, respectively; p = 0.007). Patients with elevated mRNA levels of SUV39H1 showed a higher prevalence of DNMT1 elevation than those without (61 vs. 35%, p = 0.0008). Patients with an elevated mRNA level of SUV39H1 had a 2.71 (95% CI = 1.09–4.48, p = 0.002) times greater risk of an elevated mRNA level of DNMT1, after controlling for age and gender. In conclusion, the present study suggests that SUV39H1 is significantly associated with DNMT1, but not with euchromatic promoter methylation in colorectal cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous anti-inflammatory neuropeptides and pro-resolving lipid mediators: a new therapeutic approach for immune disorders

• Introduction ‐ Immune tolerance: a matter of life or death ‐ How to solve the problem of excessive inflammation: to counterbalance or to resolve • Tuning immune tolerance with anti‐inflammatory neuropeptides ‐ Neuropeptides as biochemical mediators in nervous‐immune communication ‐ Beneficial effect of neuropeptides in inflammatory disorders ‐ Neuropeptides counterbalance the inflammatory response ‐ Neuropeptides down‐regulate Th1 responses ‐ Neuropeptides generate regulatory T cells ‐ Are endogenous neuropeptides important for maintaining immune tolerance in the body? • Resolution of inflammation by endogenous lipid mediators ‐ Lipoxins ‐ Resolvins and protectins • Therapeutic perspectives: rationale for using endogeneous neuropeptides and lipid mediators in immune disorders ‐ Advantages of using endogenous neuropeptides and lipids ‐ Cell‐based therapy ‐ Pitfalls: how to solve them?