Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photometric Signatures of Starbursts in Interacting Galaxies and the Butcher-Oemler Effect

This paper presents new and synthetic narrow band photometry of ellipticals, spirals, Seyferts and interacting galaxies in an attempt to identify the cause of the unusually high fraction of blue cluster galaxies in distant clusters (the Butcher-Oemler Effect). The properties and distribution of the low redshift sample specifically points to starbursts as the origin of the blue narrow band colors in interacting Arp galaxies.
Parallel and series configurations of flyback converter for pulsed power applications

Advances in solid-state switches and power electronics techniques have led to the development of compact, efficient and more reliable pulsed power systems. Although, the power rating and operation speed of the new solid-state switches are considerably increased, their low blocking voltage level puts a limits in the pulsed power operation. This paper proposes the advantage of parallel and series configurations of pulsed power modules in obtaining high voltage levels with fast rise time (dv/dt) using only conventional switches. The proposed configuration is based on two flyback modules. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by numerical simulations, and the advantages of each configuration are indicated in comparison with a single module.
A Non-Zero-Sum Game Approach for Convertible Bonds: Tax Benefits, Bankrupt Cost and Early/Late Call

Convertible bonds are hybrid securities that embody the characteristics of both straight bonds and equities. The conflict of interests between bondholders and shareholders affects the security prices significantly. In this paper, we investigate how to use a non-zero-sum game framework to model the interaction between bondholders and shareholders and to evaluate the bond accordingly. Mathematically, this problem can be reduced to a system of variational inequalities and we explicitly derive the Nash equilibrium to the game. Our model shows that credit risk and tax benefit have considerable impacts on the optimal strategies of both parties. The shareholder may issue a call when the debt is in-the-money or out-of-the-money. This is consistent with the empirical findings of “late and early calls” (Ingersoll (1977), Mikkelson (1981), Cowan et al. (1993) and Asquith (1995)). In addition, the optimal call policy under our model offers an explanation for certain stylized patterns related to the returns of company assets and stock on calls.
Competition and Market Structure of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations

In this paper, we study the relation among market structure, trading costs, and competition in National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ). In particular, we address the following questions: Do NASDAQ dealers exercise market power and extract economic rents in setting bid-ask spread? How persistent is the market power of dominant dealers? Our estimate of the rent is approximately ¢8.76, or 0.54% of stock price. The half-life of the persistence of this rent is approximately 20 months for the entire sample, while the half-life of younger stocks tend to be shorter than those of more mature stocks. Our result supports Schultz: NASDAQ dealers make markets only for stocks where they have competitive advantages in accessing order flow and in information. It might take a while before a market maker poses effective competition to existing dominant market makers. In the meantime, incumbent market makers are able to exercise market power and appear to earn abnormally large profits.
The Official Word: What State Charities Webpages Tell The Public

In reports, speeches and press interviews at the time, the early advocates for regulation of charitable solicitations made frequent reference to the need to protect donors from charlatans masquerading as supporters of charitable causes and from ostensibly charitable organizations that operated so inefficiently as to be unworthy of the public’s generosity. Delores Tucker, then Secretary of State for Pennsylvania, gave a particularly spirited presentation of this view at a meeting of the Subcommittee on Charitable Trusts and Solicitations of the National Association of Attorneys General in 1974:
Pretraumatic Stress Reactions in Soldiers Deployed to Afghanistan

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a diagnosis related to the past. Pretraumatic stress reactions, as measured by intrusive involuntary images of possible future stressful events and their associated avoidance and increased arousal, have been overlooked in the PTSD literature. Here we introduce a scale that measures pretraumatic stress reactions providing a clear future-oriented parallel to the posttraumatic stress reactions described in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. We apply this Pretraumatic Stress Reactions Checklist (PreCL) to Danish soldiers before, during, and after deployment to Afghanistan. The PreCL has good internal consistency and is highly correlated with a standard measure of PTSD symptoms. The PreCL as answered before the soldiers’ deployment significantly predicted level of PTSD symptoms during and after their deployment, while controlling for baseline PTSD symptoms and combat exposure measured during and after deployment. The findings have implications for the conceptualization of PTSD, screening, and treatment.
Copine A Is Required for Cytokinesis, Contractile Vacuole Function, and Development in Dictyostelium

ABSTRACT Copines make up a family of soluble, calcium-dependent, membrane binding proteins found in a variety of eukaryotic organisms. In an earlier study, we identified six copine genes in the Dictyostelium discoideum genome and focused our studies on cpnA. Our previous localization studies of green fluorescent protein-tagged CpnA in Dictyostelium suggested that CpnA may have roles in contractile vacuole function, endolysosomal trafficking, and development. To test these hypotheses, we created a cpnA− knockout strain, and here we report the initial characterization of the mutant phenotype. The cpnA− cells exhibited normal growth rates and a slight cytokinesis defect. When placed in starvation conditions, cpnA− cells appeared to aggregate into mounds and form fingers with normal timing; however, they were delayed or arrested in the finger stage. When placed in water, cpnA− cells formed unusually large contractile vacuoles, indicating a defect in contractile vacuole function, while endocytosis and phagocytosis rates for the cpnA− cells were similar to those seen for wild-type cells. These studies indicate that CpnA plays a role in cytokinesis and contractile vacuole function and is required for normal development, specifically in the later stages prior to culmination. We also used real-time reverse transcription-PCR to determine the expression patterns of all six copine genes during development. The six copine genes were expressed in vegetative cells, with each gene exhibiting a distinct pattern of expression throughout development. All of the copine genes except cpnF showed an upregulation of mRNA expression at one or two developmental transitions, suggesting that copines may be important regulators of Dictyostelium development.
Therapy of human non-small-cell lung carcinoma using antibody targeting of a modified superantigen

Superantigens activate T-cells by linking the T-cell receptor to MHC class II on antigen-presenting cells, and novel reactivity can be introduced by fusing the superantigen to a targeting molecule. Thus, an antibody-targeted superantigen, which activates T cells to destroy tumour cells, might be used as cancer therapy. A suitable target is the 5T4 oncofetal antigen, which is expressed on many carcinomas. We constructed a fusion protein from a Fab of a monoclonal antibody recognizing the 5T4 antigen, and an engineered superantigen. The recombinant product 5T4FabV13-SEAD227A bound the 5T4 antigen expressed on the human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line Calu-1 with a Kd of 1.2 nM while the substitution of Asp227 to Ala in the superantigen moiety reduced binding activity to MHC class II. 5T4FabV13-SEAD227A tumour reactivity was demonstrated in 7/7 NSCLC samples by immunohistochemistry, while normal tissue reactivity was low to moderate. 5T4FabV13-SEAD227A induced significant T-cell-dependent in vitro killing of sensitive 5T4 bearing Calu-1 cells, with maximum lysis at 10–10 M, while the capacity to lyse MHC class II expressing cells was approximately 1000 times less effective. Immunotherapy of 5T4FabV13-SEAD227A against human NSCLC was investigated in SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mice carrying intreperitoneally growing Calu-1 cells showed significant reduction in tumour mass and number after intravenous therapy with 5T4FabV13-SEAD227A. Thus, 5T4FabV13-SEAD227A has highly attractive properties for therapy of human NSCLC. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
Case Studies in Diversity: Refugees in America in the 1990s

Introduction by David W. Haines Political Perspectives Cubans by Joseph Coleman Vietnamese by Nguyen Manh Hung and David W. Haines Sociological Perspectives Soviet Jews by Steven J. Gold Iranians by Mehdi Bozorgmehr Anthropological Perspectives Lao by Pamela A. DeVoe Afghans by Juliene G. Lipson and Patricia A. Omidian Hmong by Timothy Dunnigan, Douglas P. Olney, Miles A. McNall, and Marline A. Spring Khmer by Carol A. Mortland Historical Perspectives Eastern Europeans by Elzbieta M. Gozdziak Chinese-Vietnamese by John K. Whitmore Haitians by Frederick J. Conway and Susan Buchanan Stafford Eritreans and Ethiopians by Tekle Woldemikael Index
A Steady State Growth Valuation Model: A Note on Accounting and Valuation

This paper analyses the relationship between economic value and accounting measures such as earnings, book value, rate of return and residual income. The long term nature of assets and the implied importance of the firm’s history are explicitly recognized. Although the modeling makes heavy use of steady state (Stauffer[1971]) and constant growth assumptions, it is not assumed that growth rates are constant over time. Changing growth rates turns out to clarify the issues involved. It is shown that accounting variables play a role in valuation because they represent the vector of project cash flows and the history of past investment. It is also demonstrated that a particular accrual policy (IRR accruals) play a central role in combination with the Miller and Modigliani [1961] valuation relation. Value accounting on the other hand has no role to play. Finally, the model is used to study the behavior of price-book and price-earnings ratios under inflation. Like Modigliani and Cohn [1985] and Ritter and Warr [2002] this paper identifies accounting biases that may arise under inflation. However, it is argued that nominal accounting and valuation is preferable to real alternatives. *Professor Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, visiting scholar Fisher School of Accounting, University of Florida. Earlier versions of this paper have been presented at the EAA meeting in Gratz, the Nordic Management Association meeting in Helsinki, EIASM Workshop on Financial Accounting Research in Copenhagen, and at the London School of Economics.
Global well posedness and scattering for the elliptic and non-elliptic derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equations with small data

We study the Cauchy problem for the generalized elliptic and non-elliptic derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equations, the existence of the scattering operators and the global well posedness of solutions with small data in Besov spaces and in modulation spaces are obtained. In one spatial dimension, we get the sharp well posedness result with small data in critical homogeneous Besov spaces. As a by-product, the existence of the scattering operators with small data is also shown. In order to show these results, the global versions of the estimates for the maximal functions on the elliptic and non-elliptic Schrodinger groups are established.
Career Success Investigation

T paper investigates how researchers have responded to requests to encourage a broader defi nition of career success by conducting research with underrepresented groups. It investigates the sample populations that are researched, and the type of work experience that is studied, by reviewing 89 articles in journals concerned with the construct of career success from 1992 to 2009. The paper fi nds that such research principally focuses on managers, professionals and administrators, and the work-related experience considered is almost exclusively situated in the domain of paid employment, particularly full-time employment. It argues that the defi nition of career success tends to only relate to those in paid employment (predominantly full-time), and, by extension, those who are not in this realm do not have career success. Researchers are encouraged to incorporate those with non-traditional employment arrangements and those in non-paid work into studies, a call assisted by proffering a revised defi nition of career success.
Building leadership capacity for school improvement

Preface Foreword by David Jackson (NCSL) Introduction What is leadership capacity? Capacity building connects with leadership Building leadership capacity: The role of the head How to build leadership capacity: Manor Primary School How to build leadership capacity: Rookwood Comprehensive School How to build leadership capacity: Highfields School Building leadership capacity for sustained school improvement Building leadership capacity for school improvement: The role of the LEA Building leadership capacity for school improvement: The role of professional development Questions and a few answers Appendices Bibliography Index.
Cholinergic receptor mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Potential acetylcholine receptor (AChR) mutants of the nematode are selectable by resistance to the neurotoxic drug levamisole, a probable cholinergic agonist. To determine which mutants may have achieved resistance through loss of levamisole receptor function, we have assayed mutant extracts for specific 3H-meta-aminolevamisole binding activity in the presence and absence of mecamylamine. We find that mutants in 3 of the 7 genes associated with extreme levamisole resistance are obviously deficient in saturable specific 3H-meta- aminolevamisole binding activity. Mutants of the 4 other genes have abnormal binding activities that fail to undergo the apparent allosteric activation of saturable specific 3H-meta-aminolevamisole binding activity caused by mecamylamine. Thus, all 7 genes appear to be required to produce a fully functional levamisole receptor. Mutants of several other genes associated only with partial resistance to levamisole have at least grossly normal receptor binding activities.
Antipsychotic drug use in Canadian long-term care facilities: prevalence, and patterns following resident relocation

Background and aims: Data on antipsychotic use were collected in two Canadian long-term care (LTC) facilities. During the one-year study, residents in one facility were relocated to a new facility, allowing examination of the changes in antipsychotic use associated with relocation. Method: A comparative descriptive design was used. Pharmacy and chart data on antipsychotic use were gathered for three separate one-month periods during one year. Data were collected both in a facility experiencing relocation of all residents to a new facility, and in a facility not undergoing relocation. The three one-month data collection periods covered a one-month period before the relocation, immediately after the relocation, and six months after the relocation. Results: In the facility not experiencing relocation, an average of 31.3% of all residents were receiving antipsychotics. Residents in this facility received antipsychotics for an average length of 0.81 years, and 20.8% of all antipsychotic prescriptions reflected dose reductions within six months of the start of the prescription. Only 8.1% of prescriptions had accompanying documentation on the behavioral indication for the use of antipsychotics. A total of 73.4% of all antipsychotics were ‘atypical’ antipsychotics, and 13.5% of all antipsychotic prescriptions were written as ‘p.r. n. ’ (as needed). While the use of antipsychotics remained relatively constant in the non-relocation facility (between 30.3% and 33.1% of all residents), the percentage of residents receiving antipsychotics in the facility experiencing a relocation climbed significantly; from 21.5% six months before the move, to 32.6% immediately after the move, to 36.9% six months after the move. Conclusion: These findings, when compared with the U.S. standards on antipsychotic use (OBRA), suggest the need for additional research on antipsychotic use in Canadian LTC facilities.
Impact of High Performance Work Practices on Employee Loyalty and Financial Performance through Mediation of Employee Satisfaction: An Empirical Evidence from the Financial Sector of Pakistan

Since last two decades, in response to changes in the competitive working world of business and management, organizational researchers have focused their attention towards high performance work practices that enhance the employee loyalty and organizational performance via employee satisfaction. In consistent with this stream of research, this study aims to find the impact of three High Performance Work Practices - employee training, appraisal system & empowerment- on employee loyalty and financial performance via mediation effect of employee satisfaction. For this purpose, data was collected from a sample of 400 employees of the financial sector of Pakistan. SPSS 17 has been used for data analysis. Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha confirmed the validity and reliability of the instrument. Similarly, correlation and regression analysis were applied to find out the relationship among independent variables (employee training, appraisal system and empowerment), mediating variable (employee satisfaction) and dependent variables (employee loyalty and financial performance). The findings show positive and significant relationship among all variables and employee satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Theoretical & managerial implications along with limitations and recommendations for future research have also been discussed in the paper.
The Community Structures of Prokaryotes and Fungi in Mountain Pasture Soils are Highly Correlated and Primarily Influenced by pH

Traditionally, conservation and management of mountain pastures has been managed solely on the basis of visible biota. However, microorganisms play a vital role for the functioning of the soil ecosystem and, hence, pasture sustainability. Here, we studied the links between soil microbial (belowground) community structure (using amplicon sequencing of prokaryotes and fungi), other soil physicochemical and biological properties and, finally, a variety of pasture management practices. To this aim, during two consecutive years, we studied 104 environmental sites characterized by contrasting elevation, habitats, bedrock, and pasture management; located in or near Gorbeia Natural Park (Basque Country/Spain). Soil pH was found to be one of the most important factors in structuring soil microbial diversity. Interestingly, we observed a striking correlation between prokaryotic, fungal and macrofauna diversity, likely caused by interactions between these life forms. Further studies are needed to better understand such interactions and target the influence of different management practices on the soil microbial community, in face of the significant heterogeneity present. However, clearing of bushes altered microbial community structure, and in sites with calcareous bedrock also the use of herbicide vs. mechanical clearing of ferns.
Classifying subcategories of modules over a commutative noetherian ring

Let R be a quotient ring of a commutative coherent regular ring by a finitely generated ideal. Hovey gave a bijection between the set of coherent subcategories of the category of finitely presented R‐modules and the set of thick subcategories of the derived category of perfect R‐complexes. Using this bijection, he proved that every coherent subcategory of finitely presented R‐modules is a Serre subcategory. In this paper, it is proved that this holds whenever R is a commutative noetherian ring. This paper also yields a module version of the bijection between the set of localizing subcategories of the derived category of R‐modules and the set of subsets of Spec R which was given by Neeman.
Interferon-Gamma Release Assays for the Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have provided a new method for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the role of IGRAs for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB), especially in HIV-infected patients remains unclear. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases to identify studies published in January 2001–July 2011 that evaluated the evidence of using QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GIT) and T-SPOT.TB (T-SPOT) on blood for the diagnosis of active TB in HIV-infected patients. Results The search identified 16 eligible studies that included 2801 HIV-infected individuals (637 culture confirmed TB cases). The pooled sensitivity for the diagnosis of active TB was 76.7% (95%CI, 71.6–80.5%) and 77.4% (95%CI, 71.4–82.6%) for QFT-GIT and T-SPOT, respectively, while the specificity was 76.1% (95%CI, 74.0–78.0%) and 63.1% (95%CI, 57.6–68.3%) after excluding the indeterminate results. Studies conducted in low/middle income countries showed slightly lower sensitivity and specificity when compared to that in high-income countries. The proportion of indeterminate results was as high as 10% (95%CI, 8.8–11.3%) and 13.2% (95%CI, 10.6–16.0%) for QFT-GIT and T-SPOT, respectively. Conclusion IGRAs in their current formulations have limited accuracy in diagnosing active TB in HIV-infected patients, and should not be used alone to rule out or rule in active TB cases in HIV-infected patients. Further modification is needed to improve their accuracy.
Preparation and Application of Water-in-Oil Emulsions Stabilized by Modified Graphene Oxide

A series of alkyl chain modified graphene oxides (AmGO) with different alkyl chain length and content was fabricated using a reducing reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and alkyl amine. Then AmGO was used as a graphene-based particle emulsifier to stabilize Pickering emulsion. Compared with the emulsion stabilized by GO, which was oil-in-water type, all the emulsions stabilized by AmGO were water-in-oil type. The effects of alkyl chain length and alkyl chain content on the emulsion properties of AmGO were investigated. The emulsions stabilized by AmGO showed good stability within a wide range of pH (from pH = 1 to pH = 13) and salt concentrations (from 0.1 to 1000 mM). In addition, the application of water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by AmGO was investigated. AmGO/polyaniline nanocomposite (AmGO/PANi) was prepared through an emulsion approach, and its supercapacitor performance was investigated. This research broadens the application of AmGO as a water-in-oil type emulsion stabilizer and in preparing graphene-based functional materials.