Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On knowledge-based programming with sensing in the situation calculus

We consider a class of knowledge-based Golog programs with sense actions. These programs refer explicitly to an agent's knowledge, and are designed to execute on-line, and under a dynamic closed-world assumption on knowledge. On-line execution of sense actions dynamically updates the background axioms with sentences asserting knowledge of the sense actions' outcomes. We formalize what all this might mean, and show that under suitable assumptions the knowledge modality in such programs can be implemented by provability. This leads to an on-line Golog interpreter for such programs, which we demonstrate on a knowledge-based program with sensing for the blocks world.
Gastro-oesophageal pressure gradient changes produced by induction of anaesthesia and suxamethonium.

The pressures in the lower oesophageal sphincter (high pressure zone or HPZ) and stomach were measured in 15 patients with duodenal ulcer and 14 patients with no gastrointestinal disease. All the patients were premedicated with morphine 10 mg i.m. In the patients without duodenal ulcer, the pressure gradient between HPZ and stomach was 6.6 +/- 0.62 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) before diminishing to 4.9 +/- 0.86 after induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone. During fasciculations following i.v. suxamethonium, the gradient increased to 7.1 +/- 1.0 mm Hg. In patients with duodenal ulcer, although the absolute pressures were less, the gradients during the study were similar to those in healthy patients. We conclude that there is no increased risk of regurgitation during fasciculations induced by suxamethonium.
Mass Loss by X-ray Winds from Active Galactic Nuclei

We consider a sample of type-I active galactic nuclei (AGN) that were observed by Chandra/HETG and resulted in high signal-to-noise grating spectra, which we study in detail. All objects show signatures for very high ionization outflows. Using a novel scheme to model the physics and spectral signatures of gaseous winds from these objects, we are able to estimate the mass loss rates and kinetic luminosities associated with the highly ionized gas and investigate its physical properties. Our conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a strong indication that the outflowing gas in those objects is multi-phase with similar kinematics for the different phases. 2) The X-ray spectrum is consistent with such flows being thermally driven from ~pc scales, and are therefore unlikely to be associated with the inner accretion disk. 3) The underlying X-ray spectrum consists of a hard X-ray powerlaw which is similar for all objects shining below their Eddington rate and a soft excess whose contribution becomes more prominent for objects shining close to their Eddington limit. 4) The physical properties of the outflow are similar in all cases and a coherent picture emerges concerning its physical properties. 5) The deduced mass loss rates are, roughly, of the order of the mass accretion rate in those objects so that the kinetic luminosity carried by such winds is only a tiny fraction (<<1%) of the bolometric luminosity. We discuss the implications of our results for AGN structure and AGN interaction with the environment.
Imprinting control regions (ICRs) are marked by mono-allelic bivalent chromatin when transcriptionally inactive

Parental allele-specific expression of imprinted genes is mediated by imprinting control regions (ICRs) that are constitutively marked by DNA methylation imprints on the maternal or paternal allele. Mono-allelic DNA methylation is strictly required for the process of imprinting and has to be faithfully maintained during the entire life-span. While the regulation of DNA methylation itself is well understood, the mechanisms whereby the opposite allele remains unmethylated are unclear. Here, we show that in the mouse, at maternally methylated ICRs, the paternal allele, which is constitutively associated with H3K4me2/3, is marked by default by H3K27me3 when these ICRs are transcriptionally inactive, leading to the formation of a bivalent chromatin signature. Our data suggest that at ICRs, chromatin bivalency has a protective role by ensuring that DNA on the paternal allele remains unmethylated and protected against spurious and unscheduled gene expression. Moreover, they provide the proof of concept that, beside pluripotent cells, chromatin bivalency is the default state of transcriptionally inactive CpG island promoters, regardless of the developmental stage, thereby contributing to protect cell identity.
Graphical chain models for the analysis of complex genetic diseases: an application to hypertension

A crucial task in modern genetic medicine is the understanding of complex genetic diseases. The main complicating features are that a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors is involved, and the phenotype of interest may be complex. Traditional statistical techniques based on lod-scores fail when the disease is no longer monogenic and the underlying disease transmission model is not defined. Different kinds of association tests have been proved to be an appropriate and powerful statistical tool to detect a ‘candidate gene’ for a complex disorder. However, statistical techniques able to investigate direct and indirect influences among phenotypes, genotypes and environmental risk factors, are required to analyse the association structure of complex diseases. In this paper, we propose graphical models as a natural tool to analyse the multifactorial structure of complex genetic diseases. An application of this model to primary hypertension data set is illustrated.
A Review of New Evaluation Models for Strategic Communication: Progress and Gaps

ABSTRACT After identification of “stasis” in evaluation of strategic communication including public relations and corporate communication despite intensive focus for more than 40 years, recent initiatives in measurement and evaluation on three continents highlight a number of important advances in theory and practice. Although studies have identified a lack of standards and a narrow focus on “activities” and “outputs” in traditional evaluation models and literature, a two-year international study, which examined a number of recently developed evaluation frameworks and models and accompanying implementation guidelines, identifies several new concepts and dimensions in evaluation, along with some remaining gaps for further research. Based on content analysis of evaluation literature, interviews, and ethnography, this article reports four key findings of recent research and explains how these can contribute to theory-building and practice to transform the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public relations and corporate, government, organizational and marketing communication.
Gambling in a Fantasy World: An Exploratory Study of Rotisserie Baseball Games

The purpose of this article is to map the social landscape of the burgeoning fantasy baseball gaming phenomenon. This study relies upon two approaches: an analysis of the existing gambling literature to look for useful theory and research applications, and observations of fantasy baseball players to better understand their behaviors. The authors seek to provide an exploratory framework that will aid in the development of future theory and research on these phenomena.
Standing Balance on the Ground —The Influence of Flatfeet and Insoles

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine whether insoles change standing balance on the ground in normal and flat-footed subjects. [Subjects] Twenty subjects with flatfeet and 20 subjects with normal feet were included in this study. [Methods] Body sway was evaluated based on the center of pressure while subjects stood on the ground. Body sway was measured during upright standing with the feet 10 cm apart for 30 seconds. The total locus length and the area of body sway were then measured using a zebris system. Measurements were made under three sets of conditions: using BMZ insoles, which supported the cuboid; using Superfeet insoles, which supported the medial longitudinal arch; and with no insoles. [Results] The 3 insole conditions were compared. On level ground, the total locus length for the Superfeet insole was significantly less than those for the BMZ insole and no insole. [Conclusion] On level ground, Superfeet feet insoles were effective in stabilizing standing balance in both flat-footed and normal-footed subjects.
Functionality, in Vitro Digestibility and Physicochemical Properties of Two Varieties of Defatted Foxtail Millet Protein Concentrates

Two varieties of foxtail millet protein concentrates (white and yellow) were characterized for in vitro trypsin digestibility, functional and physicochemical properties. Millet protein concentrate was easily digested by trypsin in vitro. Essential amino acids were above the amounts recommended by the Food Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO/UNU) for humans. Yellow millet protein concentrate (YMPC) possessed the highest differential scanning calorimetry result (peak temperature of 88.98 °C, delta H = 0.01 J/g), white millet protein concentrate (WMPC) had the lowest (peak temperature 84.06 °C, delta H = 0.10 J/g). The millet protein concentrates had molecular sizes around 14.4 and 97.4 kDa. They have U-shape solubility curves. Water-binding capacity was in the range of 5.0 and 7.0 g/g, while oil absorption capacity ranged between 4.8 and 5.9 g/g. WMPC had higher bulk density (0.22 g/mL) and emulsifying capacity than YMPC and Soy Protein Concentrate (SPC). Foam capacity and foam stability ranged from 137 to 73 g/mL for WMPC, from 124 to 61 g/mL SPC and from 124 to 46 g/mL for YMPC. Millet protein concentrates are potential functional food ingredients.
Program-counter-less bit-serial field-programmable VLSI processor with mesh-connected cellular array structure

This paper proposes a field programmable VLSI processor (FPVLSI) based on a bit-serial mesh-connected cellular array that reduces complexity of a programmable interconnection network. A cell is capable of performing operations, storing intermediate results, and controlling bit-serial operations. To implement these three functions efficiently, the cell consists of shift-register-based lookup tables. Moreover, direct allocation of a control/data flow graph (CDFG) is employed where only a single node in a CDFG is mapped into a single cell so that the interconnection complexity is greatly reduced. The FPVLSI with 64 cells is designed in a 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS design rule. The estimated performance of the FPVLSI is evaluated to be 9 times higher than that of the conventional FPGA in a typical application.
Determination of a Priori Decision Thresholds for Phrase-prompted Speaker Veriication

|Speaker veriication systems are often compared based on an equal error rate (equal chance of false acceptance and false rejection) obtained by adjusting a decision threshold during veriication. However, the threshold should be found before veriication because the identity of a claimant is actually unknown in real-world situations. This paper presents a novel method to determine the decision thresholds of speaker veriication systems using enrollment data only. In the method, a speaker model is trained to differentiate the voice of the corresponding speaker and that of a general population. This is accomplished by using the speaker's utterances and those of some other speakers (denoted as anti-speakers) as the training set. Then, an operation environment is simulated by presenting the utterances of some pseudo-impostors (none of them is an anti-speaker) to the speaker model. The threshold is adjusted until the chance of falsely accepting a pseudo-impostor falls below an application dependent level. Experimental evaluations based on 138 speakers of the YOHO corpus suggest that with a simulated operation environment, it is able to determine the best compromise between false acceptance and false rejection.
Association of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in non diabetic essential hypertension

Hypertension has been reported to have greater risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases when compared to normotensive subjects. Insulin resistance was demonstrated in non diabetic hypertensive patients. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been considered important risk factors for the development of hypertension. Dyslipidemia an elevated levels of blood lipids shown in essential hypertensive patients. The present study aimed to demonstrate the relation between insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in freshly diagnosed non diabetic hypertensive patients. 203 freshly diagnosed essential hypertension subjects were included in this study. 210 healthy, age, sex matched subjects were selected as controls. Serum Total cholesterol, HDLcholesterol, LDLcholesterol, Triglycerol, fasting insulin and insulin resistance were estimated in patients and control subjects and they are significantly elevated in patients than the controls. Total cholesterol is positively correlated and HDL cholesterol is negatively correlated with Insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate the presence of insulin resistance in non diabetic hypertension and its association with dyslipidemia. Key words; Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease *Corresponding Author: K. Ramalingam, Assistant Professor, Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. E.mail: ramaclinbio@gmail.com Received: December 20, 2012 Accepted: January 4th 2013. Published on: January 20, 2013. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Affordance based word-to-meaning association

This paper presents a method to associate meanings to words in manipulation tasks. We base our model on an affordance network, i.e., a mapping between robot actions, robot perceptions and the perceived effects of these actions upon objects. We extend the affordance model to incorporate words. Using verbal descriptions of a task, the model uses temporal co-occurrence to create links between speech utterances and the involved objects, actions and effects. We show that the robot is able form useful word-to-meaning associations, even without considering grammatical structure in the learning process and in the presence of recognition errors. These word-to-meaning associations are embedded in the robot's own understanding of its actions. Thus they can be directly used to instruct the robot to perform tasks and also allow to incorporate context in the speech recognition task.
Sex Allocation and the Evolutionary Transition between Solitary and Gregarious Parasitoid Development

Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, heim and Hongkham 1996). Multiple egg clutches may California 95616 be selected for if the additional eggs serve as ‘‘insurance eggs,’’ thereby increasing the probability that one offSubmitted November 10, 1997; Accepted May 19, 1998 spring will successfully emerge from a host (Rosenheim 1993; Rosenheim and Hongkham 1996). Once multiple egg clutches are routinely produced, alleles coding for nonsiblicidal, gregarious behavior become exposed to se
Determination of the complex permittivity of packaging materials at millimeter-wave frequencies

The focus of this paper is the determination of the complex permittivity of chip packaging materials at millimeter-wave frequencies. After a broad overview of existing measurement techniques, three methods will be presented that have been established for the dielectric property determination of substrate, as well as mold materials (encapsulants, under-fill, etc.) in the millimeter-wave frequency range. First, the open resonator used here will be briefly described. It allows accurate determination of the dielectric constant and loss of thin sheet substrate materials from below 20 GHz to above 100 GHz. Second, a filled waveguide method is explained in detail. The setup used here can determine the complex dielectric properties of mold materials from 70 to 100 GHz. Third, the method based on covered transmission lines will be described in detail. The used lines allow measurements from below 40 GHz to approximately 90 GHz. Verification of all three methods will be provided by inter-comparison and comparison to values from the literature. Additionally, results for several typical substrate and mold materials that are available for millimeter-wave packaging will be shown and discussed.
Memory a mediator between test-anxiety and academic achievement in high school students.

The purpose of study was to investigate the relationship between test-anxiety and GPA through memory in high school students. The sample was 400 students (200 male and 200 female) in the age range of 15-19 years. The instrument used for data collection was the Test-Anxiety Inventory (TAI). An analysis of the data obtained from the current study showed that, for the respondents, test-anxiety had a significant impact on grade point average (GPA) through memory (z=1.93, p== 0.02). Given the results of the study, it is recommended that academic achievement and mental health be developed in school settings, through the use of support strategies such as educational guidance and counseling, teaching life skill programs and psychotherapy.
HH 262: The Red Lobe of the L1551 IRS 5 Outflow

HH 262 is a group of emitting knots located approximately 3. ′5 to the northeast of the L1551 IRS 5 source. We present a detailed study of the kinematic properties of HH 262, based on proper-motion measurements and on high-resolution imaging Fabry-Perot observations in the [S II] 6717 Å line. From these observations, we conclude that it indeed appears to be the case that HH 262 is associated with the red lobe of the L1551 IRS 5 outflow.
Density-Dependent Natal Dispersal Patterns in a Leopard Population Recovering from Over-Harvest

Natal dispersal enables population connectivity, gene flow and metapopulation dynamics. In polygynous mammals, dispersal is typically male-biased. Classically, the ‘mate competition’, ‘resource competition’ and ‘resident fitness’ hypotheses predict density-dependent dispersal patterns, while the ‘inbreeding avoidance’ hypothesis posits density-independent dispersal. In a leopard (Panthera pardus) population recovering from over-harvest, we investigated the effect of sex, population density and prey biomass, on age of natal dispersal, distance dispersed, probability of emigration and dispersal success. Over an 11-year period, we tracked 35 subadult leopards using VHF and GPS telemetry. Subadult leopards initiated dispersal at 13.6 ± 0.4 months. Age at commencement of dispersal was positively density-dependent. Although males (11.0 ± 2.5 km) generally dispersed further than females (2.7 ± 0.4 km), some males exhibited opportunistic philopatry when the population was below capacity. All 13 females were philopatric, while 12 of 22 males emigrated. Male dispersal distance and emigration probability followed a quadratic relationship with population density, whereas female dispersal distance was inversely density-dependent. Eight of 12 known-fate females and 5 of 12 known-fate male leopards were successful in settling. Dispersal success did not vary with population density, prey biomass, and for males, neither between dispersal strategies (philopatry vs. emigration). Females formed matrilineal kin clusters, supporting the resident fitness hypothesis. Conversely, mate competition appeared the main driver for male leopard dispersal. We demonstrate that dispersal patterns changed over time, i.e. as the leopard population density increased. We conclude that conservation interventions that facilitated local demographic recovery in the study area also restored dispersal patterns disrupted by unsustainable harvesting, and that this indirectly improved connectivity among leopard populations over a larger landscape.
Similarities and Differences Across the Factors Associated with Women’s Self-employment Preference in the Nordic Countries

The trend in women’s self-employment appeared to be upward in the 1980s and 1990s, but women are still less likely than men to start new businesses. The economic growth potential in most industrialized countries is gendered, and with lack of paid employment opportunities, more hopes are targeted towards women’s entrepreneurship. We will explore women’s self-employment preferences across Scandinavian countries,1 and the influence and importance of societal and individual factors affecting self-employment preferences and their similarities and differences. Perception of self-employment skills arises across the countries as the most salient factor predicting self-employment preference. The multivariate models differ across the countries, thus challenging the existence of a universal Scandinavian model that explains the entrepreneurial activities of women. This article makes two contributions. First, we show that gender has become a key element in new firm formation activities. Second, we contribute to entrepreneurial theories by demonstrating similarities and differences across the countries and adding the importance of structural issues for explaining gender and entrepreneurial activities.
Cochlear Implant Melody Recognition as a Function of Melody Frequency Range, Harmonicity, and Number of Electrodes

Objective: The primary goal of the present study was to determine how cochlear implant melody recognition was affected by the frequency range of the melodies, the harmonicity of these melodies, and the number of activated electrodes. The secondary goal was to investigate whether melody recognition and speech recognition were differentially affected by the limitations imposed by cochlear implant processing. Design: Four experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 11 cochlear implant users used their clinical processors to recognize melodies of complex harmonic tones with their fundamental frequencies being in the low (104–262 Hz), middle (207–523 Hz), and high (414–1046 Hz) ranges. In the second experiment, melody recognition with pure tones was compared to melody recognition with complex harmonic tones in four subjects. In the third experiment, melody recognition was measured as a function of the number of electrodes in five subjects. In the fourth experiment, vowel and consonant recognition were measured as a function of the number of electrodes in the same five subjects who participated in the third experiment. Results: Frequency range significantly affected cochlear implant melody recognition, with higher frequency ranges producing better performance. Pure tones produced significantly better performance than complex harmonic tones. Increasing the number of activated electrodes did not affect performance with low- and middle-frequency melodies but produced better performance with high-frequency melodies. Large individual variability was observed for melody recognition, but its source seemed to be different from the source of the large variability observed in speech recognition. Conclusion: Contemporary cochlear implants do not adequately encode either temporal pitch or place pitch cues. Melody recognition and speech recognition require different signal processing strategies in future cochlear implants.