Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Process of Soil Excavation in a Community

This study examines the psychosocial impact of the process of soil excavation in a Belgian community after the initial responses to the announcement of the contamination. Qualitative and quantitative data are connected to predict the stress experience of the residents. Halfway through the excavation of the community, structured questionnaires were collected (N = 98) that included questions about stressors related to the risks of the physical environment and to the process of soil excavation. The results show that neither risk assessments nor risk perceptions about the contaminated sources significantly contribute to the explanation of variance. The stress perception is best predicted by the need for additional information about the risks, the decontamination stage, and the extent of site-specific concerns. However, concerns related to the process of soil excavation seemed to have an effect on the experience of stress only if inhabitants had started with the recovery of the excavation.
Capillary rarefaction in the forearm skin in essential hypertension

Objective To determine whether there is a reduction in human forearm skin capillary density in essential hypertension. Subjects and methods We compared the number of capillary loops in the forearm skin of 12 patients with established, uncomplicated essential hypertension (mean blood pressure 180/109 mmHg) with that in carefully matched control subjects, using intravital capillaroscopy and fluorescein angiography. Results There was a significant reduction in forearm skin capillary density in the hypertensive patients compared with the normotensive subjects. This represents a reduction by approximately 20% in capillary density. Capillary density was inversely correlated with blood pressure in the hypertensive patients alone (r = −0.4, P<0.05) and in the whole group. Conclusion The present study demonstrates a reduction in capillary density in the forearm of patients with essential hypertension. If this rarefaction in the forearm is also present in other vascular beds, it could result in an approximately 20% increase in peripheral resistance, which might play an important additional role in determining blood pressure.
Attack-defense trees based cyber security analysis for CPSs

Cyber-physical system (CPS) is the fuse of cyber world and the dynamic physical world and it is being widely used in areas closely related to people's livelihood. Therefore, the security issues of CPS have drawn a global attention and an appropriate risk assessment for CPS is in urgent need. The existing proposals using attack trees for risk assessment mainly focus on depicting the possible intrusions, not for interactions between threats and defenses. In this paper, a risk assessment idea for cyber-physical system with the use of attack-defense tree (ADTree) is proposed, considering the effect of both the attack cost and defense cost. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by a set of metrics like probability of success, attack and defense cost and the impact of an attack. In addition, we introduce two economic factors (ROA and ROI) to evaluate the performance of ADTree. Finally, an illustration case of threat risk analysis in SCADA system is given to demonstrate our approach. Overall, our approach provides an effective means of risk assessment and countermeasures evaluation in the evolutional process of security management for cyber-physical system security.
Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature

Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigated for their role in chronic disease prevention and treatment. There is evidence, for example, that they reduce risk of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. In addition, soy alleviates hot flashes and may favorably affect renal function, alleviate depressive symptoms and improve skin health. Much of the focus on soyfoods is because they are uniquely-rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Despite the many proposed benefits, the presence of isoflavones has led to concerns that soy may exert untoward effects in some individuals. However, these concerns are based primarily on animal studies, whereas the human research supports the safety and benefits of soyfoods. In support of safety is the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority that isoflavones do not adversely affect the breast, thyroid or uterus of postmenopausal women. This review covers each of the major research areas involving soy focusing primarily on the clinical and epidemiologic research. Background information on Asian soy intake, isoflavones, and nutrient content is also provided.
Measuring Online Communication Attitude: Instrument Development and Validation

This paper reports a series of studies that develop an empirically-derived instrument for assessing online communication attitude, a multidimensional set of individual cognitive-affective constructs that influence media choice. The first study inductively develops an initial item pool and tests dimensional structure via exploratory factor analysis. The second study further refines this structure and also tests the association between online communication attitude and media use in same-sex friendships. Finally, the third study deductively tests global model fit via confirmatory factor analysis, and establishes concurrent validity with theoretically related communication constructs. Beyond identifying motives underlying media choice, the instrument developed here possesses heuristic potential for clarifying media choice theory and elaborating the association between communication competence and media choice.
On the Dialogical Basis of Meaning: Inquiries Into Ragnar Rommetveit's Writings on Language, Thought, and Communication

Given the complexity of cognitive and language development, and given that most scholars consider humans to be products of biological–individual and sociocultural forces, the tendency to study language and cognition as either primarily a sociocultural or primarily a biological–psychological phenomenon is striking. This tendency to compartmentalize research is not unique to the study of language and cognition. Rather, academic systems tend to organize their activities in dichotomies—for example, natural scientific versus humanistic research paradigms, quantitative versus qualitative research, modern versus postmodern conceptualizations. A position may in rare cases reflect theoretically based convictions, but more typically there “seem to be few bases other than personal preference or disciplinary affiliation for making a selection among the alternatives” (Wertsch, 1995, p. 58). In fact, both ethical and scientific considerations make dichotomies inadequate for dealing with multifaceted, complex reality. Ragnar Rommetveit represents an alternative to research approaches that enhance the segmentation of insights into language, thought, and communication, rather than their integration. The aim of this article is to explore some crucial dimensions of Rommetveit’s thought in order to demMIND, CULTURE, AND ACTIVITY, 10(3), 186–204 Copyright © 2003, Regents of the University of California on behalf of the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition
Novel Characteristics of Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Primary Septohippocampal Cultures: Relationship to Calpain and Caspase-3 Protease Activation

Studies examined the phenotypic characteristics of glutamate-induced cell death and their relationship to calpain and caspase-3 activation. Cell viability was assessed by fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release. Calpain and caspase-3 activity was inferred from signature proteolytic fragmentation of α-spectrin. Characterization of cell death phenotypes was assessed by Hoechst 33258 and DNA fragmentation assays. Exposure of septohippocampal cultures to 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mmol/L glutamate induced a dose-dependent cell death with an LD50 of 2.0 mmol/L glutamate after 24 hours of incubation. Glutamate treatment induced cell death in neurons and astroglia and produced morphological alterations that differed from necrotic or apoptotic changes observed after maitotoxin or staurosporine exposure, respectively. After glutamate treatment, cell nuclei were enlarged and eccentrically shaped, and aggregated chromatin appeared in a diffusely speckled pattern. Furthermore, no dose of glutamate produced evidence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Incubation with varying doses of glutamate produced calpain and caspase-3 activation. Calpain inhibitor II (N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-methionyl) provided protection only with a narrow dose range, whereas carbobenzoxy-Asp-CH2-OC(O)-2, 6-dichlorobenzene (Z-D-DCB; pan-caspase inhibitor) and MK-801 (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) were potently effective across a wider dose range. Cycloheximide did not reduce cell death or protease activation.
Individual choice and unequal participation in higher education

Does the unequal participation of non-traditional students in higher education indicate social injustice, even if it can be traced back to individuals' choices? Drawing on luck egalitarian approaches,this article suggests that an answer to this question must take into account the effects of unequal brute luck on educational choices.I use a framework based on expected utility theory to analyse qualitative studies on educational choice.This reveals a variety of mechanisms through which differences in background conditions make non-traditional students less likely to apply to university and/or particular institutions; the unequal participation of nontraditional students in higher education remains a problem of social justice.
Increased titres of anti‐nuclear antibodies do not predict the development of associated disease in the absence of initial suggestive signs and symptoms

Objective: To determine whether patients with elevated anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANA), absent extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) reactivity, and no definite associated disease develop an ANA‐associated disease (AAD). Methods: Patients with ANA titres of at least 1:320 and no ENA reactivity were identified by searching the database of our laboratory serving a tertiary care university hospital between 1998 and 2002. Medical records of this index time point were reviewed to exclude patients with active AAD at screening. Case patients were contacted by questionnaire between 2004 and 2005 and invited for a clinical visit to ascertain the individual disease status. Results: Seventy‐six patients were evaluated after a median follow‐up of 32 months. An AAD was diagnosed in eight patients: connective tissue disease (CTD) in three, autoimmune hepatitis in two, rheumatoid arthritis in one, encephalomyelitis disseminate in one, and lymphoma in one. The only predictive factor associated with the development of AAD was the suspicion of an autoimmune disease by the treating physician at the initial evaluation. In the absence of initial suspicion for an autoimmune disease, only two out of 54 patients developed AAD, whereas six out of 22 patients with initial disease suspicion developed a defined AAD. Conclusion: In the absence of a clinical suspicion, elevated ANA titres have a low positive predictive value of 4% for developing AAD for the upcoming 3 years.
Direct Visualization of the Putative Portal in the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Capsid by Cryoelectron Tomography

ABSTRACT Genetic and biochemical studies have suggested the existence of a bacteriophage-like, DNA-packaging/ejecting portal complex in herpesviruses capsids, but its arrangement remained unknown. Here, we report the first visualization of a unique vertex in the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) capsid by cryoelectron tomography, thus providing direct structural evidence for the existence of a portal complex in a gammaherpesvirus. This putative KSHV portal is an internally localized, umbilicated structure and lacks all of the external machineries characteristic of portals in DNA bacteriophages.
Rural education: learning to be rural teachers

Purpose – This paper draws on research which began in 2006 with students in a graduate course on rural education. Its purpose was to find out what graduate students saw as current issues of rural education, how that compared to the literature, and what they thought supporting agencies such as government and universities needed to be doing to advance rural education. This paper focuses on presenting the findings and initiating a dialogue that leads to further conceptual understanding of ruralness.Design/methodology/approach – The inquiry design and implementation is grounded in theories of constructivism and personal practical knowledge.Findings – Some of the more common issues for participants in the study such as, curriculum delivery; bussing; teacher training; insecurity in teacher allocations; and threats of consolidation, are synonymous with the literature. The data also points to the need for research in rural schools and rural communities which is set within a rural‐based theoretical framework.Resea.
The new handbook of multisensory processes

The major reference work for a rapidly advancing field synthesizes central themes, reports on current findings, and offers a blueprint for future research. Scientists' attempts to understand the physiology underlying our apprehension of the physical world was long dominated by a focus on the individual senses. The 1980s saw the beginning of systematic efforts to examine interactions among different sensory modalities at the level of the single neuron. And by the end of the 1990s, a recognizable and multidisciplinary field of "multisensory processes" had emerged. More recently, studies involving both human and nonhuman subjects have focused on relationships among multisensory neuronal ensembles and their behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive correlates. The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing synthesizes the central themes in this rapidly developing area, reports on current findings, and offers a blueprint for future research. The contributions, all of them written for this volume by leading experts, reflect the evolution and current state of the field. This handbook does more than simply review the field. Each of the volume's eleven sections broadly surveys a major topic, and each begins with a substantive and thought-provoking commentary by the section editor that identifies the major issues being explored, describes their treatment in the chapters that follow, and sets these findings within the context of the existing body of knowledge. Together, the commentaries and chapters provide an invaluable guide to areas of general agreement, unresolved issues, and topics that remain to be explored in this fast-moving field.
The concept of occupational community revisited: analytical and managerial implications in face-to-face service occupations

This article explores the concept of occupational community in an attempt to discover whether it provides a useful analytical tool for understanding work experience in face-to-face service occupations.The conceptual components of occupational community are identified and discussed and then applied to data gathered from an ethnographic study of workers in the UK public house sector.We argue that there are strong grounds for accepting that an occupational community does develop in this sector and plays a crucial role in determining the work experience of employees. However, we also suggest that in contrast to other industrial sectors, customers themselves have a significant, but not wholly unproblematic role to play.This role and its contribution to the development of occupational community are discussed and the analytical and managerial implications are then evaluated.
Practice in Irish infant classrooms in the context of the Irish primary school curriculum (1999): Insights from a study of curriculum implementation

This paper begins with a brief outline of the philosophical and methodological basis and the corresponding early education classroom practice envisaged and advocated by the current child-centred Irish Primary School Curriculum (1999). In the context of an overall 'fidelity-type' study, which sought to examine the degree to which the aforementioned curriculum guidelines were actually informing infant classroom practice, it goes on to present and discuss the results of a Target Child Observation Study of pupil activity across a variety of 15 Irish senior infant classrooms ('senior infants' is the second year of formal schooling in Ireland, with the average age of the pupils between five and six years old). A composite picture of general Irish infant classroom practice thus emerges. The paper concludes with a discussion on the core factors identified as militating against the implementation of a more child-centred, activity-based curriculum in the Irish early years classroom.
Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete beams containing bending and shear opening and strengthened with FRP sheet

Article history: Received 6 September, 2015 Accepted 18 January 2016 Available online 18 January 2016 Various methods are available to reinforce concrete members and structures. Wrapping the concrete beams with composite sheets is one of the suggested methods for increasing the load bearing capacity of concrete beams and specially those containing opening. In this paper, the influence of using two composite sheets reinforced with carbon (CFRP) and glass (GFRP) is studied on increasing the strength of concrete beams having opening. A number of concrete beams with and without openings were modeled in ANSYS and using the nonlinear analyses, the initial cracking load, ultimate failure load, cracking pattern and deflection were determined numerically for each beam. Different wrapping schemes were examined for increasing the load bearing capacity of the opening section and it was concluded that wrapping from both inside and exterior of opening with the mentioned composite patches provide the most enhancement in the opening zone. Also the CFRP patch showed better performance in comparison with the GFRP wrapping. © 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pou5f3.2‐induced proliferative state of embryonic cells during gastrulation of Xenopus laevis embryo

POU class V (POU‐V) transcription factors play the important role in maintenance of pluripotency and cell differentiation. Pou5f3.2 (Oct25), one of Xenopus POU‐V transcription factors, shows the zygotic expression prior to gastrulation. In order to know the molecular mechanism of pou5f3.2 expression at gastrula stage, we examined a responsiveness of pou5f3.2 to Nodal signaling. Animal cap assay demonstrated that Xnr2 activates the gene expression of pou5f3.2. In comparative analysis of the 5′‐flanking region of pou5f3.2 between Xenopus laevis and X. tropicalis, two conserved regions were detected within the flanking region. Reporter analyses showed that one of the conserved regions contained an enhancer region, which had several Smad2/3 and FoxH1 binding motifs. ChIP assay demonstrated that Smad2 binds to the enhancer region. These results suggest that Nodal signaling induces zygotic expression of pou5f3.2 at gastrula stage. To understand a role of pou5f3.2 in gastrula embryos, morpholino oligo DNA of pou5f3.2 was injected into the lateral side of one blastomere at the 2‐cell stage. The morphant embryos showed diminution of Xbra1 expression and gastrulation defect in the injection side, suggesting the essential role of pou5f3.2 at the gastrula stage. Xbra1 expression and gastrulation were also inhibited by injecting with the synthesized RNAs of pou5f3.2. Furthermore, in the pou5f3.2‐injected embryo, gene expression of p27Xic1 was drastically suppressed, and the number of dividing cells increased in the injection side. These results suggest that one role of pou5f3.2 is to keep the embryonic cells in undifferentiated and proliferative state during gastrulation.
Antioxidant Potential of Polyphenols and Tannins from Burs of Castanea mollissima Blume

Spiny burs of Castanea mollissima Blume (Chinese chestnut) are usually discarded as industrial waste during post-harvesting processing. The objective of this study was to establish an extraction and isolation procedure for tannins from chestnut burs, and to assess their potential antioxidant activity. Aqueous ethanol solution was used as extraction solvent, and HPD 100 macroporous resin column was applied for isolation. The influence of solvent concentration in the extraction and elution process on extraction yield, tannins and polyphenols content, as well as antioxidant potential, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability, reducing power ability and cellular antioxidant ability were assessed. In both the extraction and isolation process, 50% aqueous ethanol led to superior total tannins and polyphenols content as well as significantly higher antioxidant activity. In addition, the antioxidant activity and the total tannins content in extracts and fractions had a positive linear correlation, and the predominant components responsible for antioxidant activities were characterized as hydrolysable tannins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the enrichment of tannins from burs of C. mollissim using macroporous resin chromatography, and to assess the cellular antioxidant activity of them.
Ischemic Stroke in Infants and Children: Practical Management in Emergency

Stroke is a rare disease in children, with an estimated incidence 13/100000 and a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Clinical presentation and risk factors, present in almost half of pediatric patients, are not the same as in adults. The diagnosis of stroke in children is often delayed because signs and symptoms can be subtle and nonspecific. History and clinical examination should exclude underlying diseases or predisposing factors. Neuroimaging is crucial in defining diagnosis. Other tests might be necessary, according to the clinical picture. We present here the most recent practical directions on how to diagnose and manage arterial stroke in children, according to different international guidelines on the subject.
VARIABLE TEMPERATURE HOT WIRE ANEMOMETRY APPLIED TO THE JOINT ANALYSIS OF THE VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS IN A MIXING LAYER

Our study provides a detailed description of the thermal mixing process in an anisothermal mixing layer. Velocity and temperature are simultaneously measured at the same point by using a new hot wire anemometer. This anemometer implements the multiple overheat principle, associated with a non linear Levenberg-Marquardt signal processing. These simultaneous measurements allowed an analysis based on conditional Probability Density Functions (PDFs), joint PDFs and a quadrant analysis. Variable temperature hot wire anemometry clearly proved its ability to give access, in particular, to a precise description of the contributions of saddle point ejections to the thermal turbulent mixing process.