Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescents with Hearing Impairment: Coping with Environmental Stressors

Aims - To assess the effect of two different environmental stressors, impending tests and the threat of terror bombing attacks, on adolescents with and without hearing impairment and to compare coping strategies and psychological reactions to the stressors between the two groups. Method - Eleven adolescents with hearing impairment and 65 hearing adolescents, aged 13-15, learning at an inclusive school completed the demographic Coping Across Situation Questionnaire, the Test Anxiety Inventory, and a terror-bombing-related stress symptoms questionnaire. Results - Higher levels of test stress and terror-related stress symptoms were found in the adolescents with hearing impairment. They used more avoidant coping and less active coping than the hearing adolescents. Higher use of avoidant coping was related to higher levels of test and terror-related symptoms, internal coping was related to higher test stress only, and active coping was related to lower terror-related symptoms. Conclusions - Identifying and targeting the factors related to developing avoidant coping styles by adolescents with hearing impairment could help them to adopt more efficient coping strategies. Programs should be initiated to teach the adolescents coping strategies, such as problem solving and sharing concerns with significant others, as well as stress management skills.
Dactylis glomerataL.)cultivarsby usingsimplesequencerepeatmarkers

The accurate identification of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars is necessary to ensure purity for consumers, the effective utilization of cultivars, and to protect the intellectual property for breeders. Therefore, this study aimed to use SSR to construct DNA fingerprinting of orchardgrass cultivars. The genetic diversity of 32 orchardgrass cultivars originated from 21 countries, but grown in China, was assessed using a set of 29 SSR markers distributed across 9 linkage groups of the orchardgrass genome. A total of 229 bands were detected, with an average of 7.9 bands per marker. The average polymorphic rate for the species was 92.1%. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.771 to 0.893.
Differential clinical profile of candesartan compared to other angiotensin receptor blockers

The advantages of blood pressure (BP) control on the risks of heart failure and stroke are well established. The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in volume homeostasis and BP regulation and is a target for several groups of antihypertensive drugs. Angiotensin II receptor blockers represent a major class of antihypertensive compounds. Candesartan cilexetil is an angiotensin II type 1 (AT[1]) receptor antagonist (angiotensin receptor blocker [ARB]) that inhibits the actions of angiotensin II on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Oral candesartan 8–32 mg once daily is recommended for the treatment of adult patients with hypertension. Clinical trials have demonstrated that candesartan cilexetil is an effective agent in reducing the risk of cardiovascular mortality, stroke, heart failure, arterial stiffness, renal failure, retinopathy, and migraine in different populations of adult patients including patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or kidney impairment. Clinical evidence confirmed that candesartan cilexetil provides better antihypertensive efficacy than losartan and is at least as effective as telmisartan and valsartan. Candesartan cilexetil, one of the current market leaders in BP treatment, is a highly selective compound with high potency, a long duration of action, and a tolerability profile similar to placebo. The most important and recent data from clinical trials regarding candesartan cilexetil will be reviewed in this article.
Evolutionary Unit Testing Of Object-Oriented Software Using A Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm

Evolutionary algorithms have been successfully applied in the area of software testing. However, previous approaches in the area of object-oriented testing are limited in terms of test case feasibility due to call dependences and runtime exceptions. In this paper, we present a search-based approach to automatically generating test cases for object-oriented software. It relies on a tree-based representation of method call sequences. Strongly-typed genetic programming is employed to generate method call trees which respect the call dependences among the methods. We apply a new kind of distance-based fitness function that accounts for runtime exceptions. In a case study, the approach outperformed random testing in terms of achieved coverage and it produced test cases achieving full branch coverage for a test object that makes ample use of explicit runtime exceptions.
Improving the accuracy of cosmic magnification statistics

The systematic magnification of background sources by the weak gravitational-lensing eects of foreground matter, also called cosmic magnification, is becoming an ecient tool both for measuring cosmological parameters and for exploring the distribution of galaxies relative to the dark matter. We extend here the formalism of magnification statistics by estimating the contribution of second-order terms in the Taylor expansion of the magnification and show that the eect of these terms was previously underestimated. We test our analytical predictions against numerical simulations and demonstrate that including second-order terms allows the accuracy of magnification-related statistics to be substantially improved. We also show, however, that both numerical and analytical estimates can provide only lower bounds to real correlation functions, even in the weak lens- ing regime. We propose to use count-in-cells estimators rather than correlation functions for measuring cosmic magnification since they can more easily be related to correlations measured in numerical simulations.
Defining Trafficking through Empirical Work: Blurred Boundaries and their Consequences

Abstract The definition of trafficking in the United Nation (UN) Protocol on Trafficking from 2000 is the starting point of different countries’ definition of trafficking. In Norway, as in other countries, there are still difficulties in identifying victims of trafficking in the day-to-day work of the police, social workers and others. The definitions of and demarcation between human trafficking and human smuggling have grave consequences for legal approaches, policies and help offered. It is thus necessary to continually discuss how to define trafficking if we want the term to be a fruitful tool in framing the phenomenon—which in turn impacts the ability to aid victims, prevent victimization and to prosecute traffickers. In this article we approach this matter through two qualitative studies among Nigerian women in prostitution in Norway. Their stories are complex and their travels long, and along the way, their migration and prostitution has been organized by different agents. These agents were sometimes human traffickers; other times smugglers of migrants. In this article, we explore which is which, with the definition in UN’s Trafficking Protocol as our starting point. This article is an attempt to analyze the complexities of the women’s situation in order to link theoretical debates on trafficking definitions with women’s lived experiences.
First record of Naineris setosa (Verrill, 1900) (Annelida: Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea

The Polychaeta Naineris setosa (Verrill, 1900) is reported for the first time in the Western Mediterranen Sea. Several specimens were collected in 2012 and 2013 in Boughrara Lagoon (Tunisia). The vector of introduction of N. setosa likely commercial shipping because Gabes is an international harbour with dense shipping traffic. A detailed description of specimens from Boughrara Lagoon is provided in this paper.
Does Customer Demotion Jeopardize Loyalty

Hierarchical loyalty programs award elevated customer status (e.g., “elite membership”) to consumers who meet a predefined spending level. However, if a customer subsequently falls short of the required spending level, firms commonly revoke that status. The authors investigate the impact of such customer demotion on loyalty intentions toward the firm. Building on prospect theory and emotions theory, the authors hypothesize that changes in customer status have an asymmetric negative effect, such that the negative impact of customer demotion is stronger than the positive impact of status increases. An experimental scenario study provides evidence that loyalty intentions are indeed lower for demoted customers than for those who have never been awarded a preferred status, meaning that hierarchical loyalty programs can drive otherwise loyal customers away from a firm. A field study using proprietary sales data from a different industry context demonstrates the robustness of the negative impact of customer demotion. The authors test the extent to which design variables of hierarchical loyalty programs may attenuate the negative consequences of status demotions with a second experimental scenario study and present an analytical model that links status demotion to customer equity to aid managerial decision making.
Analytical Synthesis of the Digitally Programmable Voltage-Mode OTA-C Universal Biquad

None of the recently reported voltage-mode versatile filters are digitally programmable for applications like the easy addition of current-mode filtering signals to do the synthesis. None of the recently reported analytical synthesis methods are used for the realization of a multifunction filter. Both the above two induced motivations of researches have been merged, developed, and solved in this brief on the voltage-mode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)-C universal biquad filter, which still achieves many advantages like the employment of all single-ended-input OTAs, all grounded capacitors, and the least number of active transistor and passive component counts, in addition to having a controllable gain, a cascadable input terminal, and the absence of the need to impose component matchings
Total relative displacement of vertex permutations of K  n 1, n 2, …, n t

Let α denote a permutation of the n vertices of a connected graph G. Define δα(G) to be the number $\sum |d(x,y)-d(\alpha (x),\alpha(y))|$, where the sum is over all the $\left({n \atop 2} \right)$ unordered pairs of distinct vertices of G. The number δα(G) is called the total relative displacement of α (in G). So, permutation α is an automorphism of G if and only if δα(G) = 0. Let π(G) denote the smallest positive value of δα(G) among the n! permutations α of the vertices of G. A permutation α for which π(G) = δα(G) has been called a near‐automorphism of G [ 2 ]. We determine π(K n 1,n 2,…,n t ) and describe permutations α of K n 1,n 2,…,n t for which π(K n 1,n 2,…,n t ) = δα(K n 1,n 2,…,n t ). This is done by transforming the problem into the combinatorial optimization problem of maximizing the sums of the squares of the entries in certain t by t matrices with non–negative integer entries in which the sum of the entries in the ith row and the sum of the entries in the ith column each equal to ni,1≤i≤t. We prove that for positive integers, n1≤n2≤…≤nt, where t≥2 and nt≥2, $\pi {(K_{n_1 ,{n}_2 , \ldots ,{n}_t} }) = \left \{\matrix{2{ n}_{ h + 1} - 2\hfill \quad\quad{\rm if} \,\,\, 1 = { n}_1 = { n}_2 = \cdots = {n_h} < { n}_{{ h} + 1}\hfill \cr \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\le \cdots \le { n}_{t} , {\rm and}\ {t}\ge(h + 1),\hfill\cr \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad{\rm for\ some} \ { h}\ge 2,\hfil \cr 2{ n}_{{ k}_0}\hfill \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad{\rm if} \,\,\, 1 = {n_1} < { n}_2\ {\rm or}\ { n}_1 \ge 2, {n}_{{ k} + 1} = {n}_{ k} + 1,\hfill \cr \;\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad{\rm\ for\ some}\ k, 1\le { k} \le { t} - 1,\ \cr \;\quad\quad\quad\quad{\rm and}\ 2+ { n}_{{ k}_0 } \le { n}_1 + { n}_2 , \cr 2({ n}_1 + { n}_2 - 2)\hfill {\rm otherwise},\hfill\hfill\hfill\hfill\hfill\cr } \right. $ where k0 is the smallest index for which n k 0+1 = n k 0 +1. As a special case, we correct the value of π(Km,n), for all m and n at least 2, given by Chartrand, Gavlas, and VanderJagt [ 2 ]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 41: 85–100, 2002
Design of a hybrid high quality machine translation system

This paper gives an overview of the ongoing FP7 project HyghTra (2010--2014). The HyghTra project is conducted in a partnership between academia and industry involving the University of Leeds and Lingenio GmbH (company). It adopts a hybrid and bootstrapping approach to the enhancement of MT quality by applying rule-based analysis and statistical evaluation techniques to both parallel and comparable corpora in order to extract linguistic information and enrich the lexical and syntactic resources of the underlying (rule-based) MT system that is used for analysing the corpora. The project places special emphasis on the extension of systems to new language pairs and corresponding rapid, automated creation of high quality resources. The techniques are fielded and evaluated within an existing commercial MT environment.
Infrastructure, Public Education and Growth with Congestion Costs

This paper studies the optimal allocation of public expenditure between infrastructure and education services in an endogenous growth framework. Raw labor must be educated to become productive. The balanced-growth path is derived and the transitional dynamics associated with an increase in the share of spending on infrastructure are characterized. The growth-maximizing share is shown to depend on the elasticities of output with respect to both infrastructure services and the supply of educated labor. If the supply of raw labor is increasing in wages, the growth-maximizing share of government spending on infrastructure depends negatively on the degree of congestion in schooling.
Computational distinguishability of degradable and antidegradable channels

A channel is degradable if there exists a second channel that maps the output stateof the channel to the environment state. These channels satisfy the property that theoutput state contains more information about the input than the environment does. Acomplementary class of channels is the antidegradable channels, which admit channelsthat map the environment state to the output state of the channel. In this paper weshow that the computational problem of distinguishing two channels remains PSPACE-complete when restricted to these classes of channels. This is shown using a constructionof Cubitt, Ruskai, and Smith [1] that embeds any channel into a degradable channel,and a related construction for the case of antidegradable channels.
Large-scale news entity sentiment analysis

We work on detecting positive or negative sentiment towards named entities in very large volumes of news articles. The aim is to monitor changes over time, as well as to work towards media bias detection by com-paring differences across news sources and countries. With view to applying the same method to dozens of languages, we use lin-guistically light-weight methods: searching for positive and negative terms in bags of words around entity mentions (also consid-ering negation). Evaluation results are good and better than a third-party baseline sys-tem, but precision is not sufficiently high to display the results publicly in our multilin-gual news analysis system Europe Media Monitor (EMM). In this paper, we focus on describing our effort to improve the English language results by avoiding the biggest sources of errors. We also present new work on using a syntactic parser to identify safe opinion recognition rules, such as predica-tive structures in which sentiment words di-rectly refer to an entity. The precision of this method is good, but recall is very low.
Defining the interorgan communication network: systemic coordination of organismal cellular processes under homeostasis and localized stress

Following the acquisition of multicellularity, organisms with increasing levels of specialized cells, tissues, and organs emerged during evolution. To coordinate specialized organs, long-distance interorgan communication systems appeared. The central nervous system evolved to regulate many organ behaviors, using hormones or neurons. In addition, organs developed systems to directly communicate their states to one another. This is illustrated by the lack of nervous systems in plants and simple animals like sponges, which can perform complex systemic functions (Lough and Lucas, 2006; Srivastava et al., 2010). Developmental or homeostatic events within cells or tissues have been extensively studied. For example, maintenance of the integrity of the Drosophila gut involves stem cell proliferation and differentiation, partially driven by local JAK/STAT, EGF, MAPK, and Wnt signaling (Panayidou and Apidianakis, 2013). Recently, it has become clear that individual organs themselves are also able to communicate their states. However, the nature of the interorgan signaling mechanisms remains largely a mystery. Here, we review the emerging data supporting the existence of a vast interorgan communication network (ICN). The ICN is the network of peptides, proteins, and metabolites that act between organs to coordinate essential and specialized cellular processes under homeostasis and stress (Figure ​(Figure1). 1). We propose that studies in Drosophila, where, unlike in mammals, biochemical studies can be combined with genome-wide in vivo tissue-specific genetic screens, are poised to identify many ICN components. Characterization of the ICN will further understanding of systemic diseases such as cancer-associated muscle cachexia. Figure 1 Overview of the interorgan communication network (ICN). The ICN is the network of peptides, proteins, and metabolites that act between organs to coordinate organismal cellular processes under homeostasis and stress. Organs in the body secrete factors .
Examining Demand Elasticities in Hanemann's Framework: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

This paper examines demand elasticities using an integrated framework proposed by Hanemann [Hanemann, M. W. 1984. Discrete/continuous models of consumer demand. Econometrica52(3) 541--561], which models the incidence, brand choice, and quantity decisions of a consumer as an outcome of her utility maximization subject to budget constraints. Although the Hanemann framework has been the mainstay of earlier efforts to examine these decisions jointly, empirical researchers who have used the it to study purchase behavior have often found that the quantity elasticities are around -1, regardless of the brand or category. We attempt to uncover the underlying reasons for this finding and propose approaches to get as close to the “true” quantity elasticities as possible. We do this by (i) analytically demonstrating how assumptions on the distribution of the brand-specific econometrician's errors imply certain restrictions that in turn force quantity elasticities to -1, (ii) discussing how these restrictions can be alleviated by considering a suitable specification of unobserved parameter heterogeneity, and (iii) using scanner data to empirically illustrate the impact of the restrictions on quantity elasticities and the relative efficacy of multiple specifications of unobserved heterogeneity in easing those restrictions. We find that the specification of unobserved heterogeneity crucially influences estimates of quantity elasticities and that the mixture normal specification outperforms the alternatives.
RADIATION-HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF MASSIVE STAR FORMATION WITH PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOWS

We report the results of a series of adaptive mesh refinement radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the collapse of massive star-forming clouds using the ORION code. These simulations are the first to include the feedback effects protostellar outflows, as well as protostellar radiative heating and radiation pressure exerted on the infalling, dusty gas. We find that outflows evacuate polar cavities of reduced optical depth through the ambient core. These enhance the radiative flux in the poleward direction so that it is 1.7–15 times larger than that in the midplane. As a result the radiative heating and outward radiation force exerted on the protostellar disk and infalling cloud gas in the equatorial direction are greatly diminished. This simultaneously reduces the Eddington radiation pressure barrier to high-mass star formation and increases the minimum threshold surface density for radiative heating to suppress fragmentation compared to models that do not include outflows. The strength of both these effects depends on the initial core surface density. Lower surface density cores have longer free-fall times and thus massive stars formed within them undergo more Kelvin contraction as the core collapses, leading to more powerful outflows. Furthermore, in lower surface density clouds the ratio of the time required for the outflow to break out of the core to the core free-fall time is smaller, so that these clouds are consequently influenced by outflows at earlier stages of the collapse. As a result, outflow effects are strongest in low surface density cores and weakest in high surface density ones. We also find that radiation focusing in the direction of outflow cavities is sufficient to prevent the formation of radiation pressure-supported circumstellar gas bubbles, in contrast to models which neglect protostellar outflow feedback.
An Examination into the Validity of Secondary School Entrance Scores in Predicting the Academic Success of Secondary Aged Students

The Barbados Secondary School Entrance Examination (BSSEE) is used to allocate students to secondary schools in Barbados. However, this means of allocation has always been contentious. Therefore the aim of this study was to establish the predictive validity of the BSSEE in relation to the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC). Academic achievement was measured using students’ performances on the BSSEE and CSEC. The sample included 252 students across Barbados (130 males, 122 females). The results showed that the BSSEE accounted for 29% of the variance for this sample. Additionally, the means of female students were higher on both the BSSEE and CSEC, but only a statistically significant difference was obtained on the BSEEE. The BSSEE should be used in conjunction with other assessment scores as a fairer means to allocate students. Furthermore, the BSSEE should be used as a diagnostic tool for remediation.
Three-dimensional imaging of Drosophila motor synapses reveals ultrastructural organizational patterns*

Abstract We combined cryo-preservation of intact Drosophila larvae and electron tomography with comprehensive segmentation of key features to reconstruct the complete ultrastructure of a model glutamatergic synapse in a near-to-native state. Presynaptically, we detail a complex network of filaments that connects and organizes synaptic vesicles. We link the complexity of this synaptic vesicle network to proximity to the active zone cytomatrix, consistent with the model that these protein structures function together to regulate synaptic vesicle pools. We identify a net-shaped network of electron-dense filaments spanning the synaptic cleft that suggests conserved organization of trans-synaptic adhesion complexes at excitatory synapses. Postsynaptically, we characterize a regular pattern of macromolecules that yields structural insights into the scaffolding of neurotransmitter receptors. Together, these analyses reveal an unexpected level of conservation in the nanoscale organization of diverse glutamatergic synapses and provide a structural foundation for understanding the molecular machines that regulate synaptic communication at a powerful model synapse.