Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous H2CO Absorption toward the Galactic Anticenter: A Blind Search for Dense Molecular Clouds

We have carried out a blind search in the general direction of the Galactic anticenter for absorption of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation near 4.83 GHz by molecular clouds containing gaseous ortho-formaldehyde (H2CO). The observations were done using the 25 m radio telescope at Onsala in Sweden and covered strips in Galactic latitude -1° ≤ b ≤ +1° at several longitudes in the region 170° ≤ l ≤ 190°. Spectra were obtained in these strips with a grid spacing corresponding to the telescope resolution of 10'. We have detected H2CO CMB absorption at ≈10% of the survey pointings. This detection rate is likely to increase with further improvements in sensitivity and may become comparable to the detection rate expected from a blind CO survey with a corresponding sensitivity limit. We have mapped some of these detections in more detail and compared the H2CO absorption to existing maps of CO(1-0) emission in the same regions. There appears to be a rough correlation between the velocity-integrated line strength of the CO(1-0) emission and that of the H2CO absorption. However, the scatter in this correlation is significantly larger than the measurement errors, indicating differences of detail at and below the linear resolution of our observations (≈4-9 pc). Although these two tracers are expected to have similar excitation requirements on the microscopic level characteristic of warm (TK > 10 K) dense (103 cm-3 < n < 105 cm-3) condensations in molecular clouds, the CO(1-0) line is expected to be optically thick, whereas the H2CO line is not. This latter difference is likely to be responsible for a significant part of the scatter in the correlation we have found.
Computation of the Semantic Relatedness between Words using Concept Clouds

Determining the semantic relatedness between two words refers to computing a statistical measure of similarity between those words. Word similarity measures are useful in a wide range of applications such as natural language processing, query recommendation, relation extraction, spelling correction, document comparison and other information retrieval tasks. Although several methods that address this problem have been proposed in the past, effective computation of semantic relatedness still remains a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new technique for computing the relatedness between two words. In our approach, instead of computing the relatedness between the two words directly, we propose to first compute the relatedness between their generated concept clouds using web-based coefficients. Next, we use the obtained measure to determine the relatedness between the original words. Our approach heavily relies on a concept extraction algorithm that extracts concepts related to a given query and generates a concept cloud for the query concept. We perform an evaluation on the Miller-Charles benchmark dataset and obtain a correlation coefficient of 0.882, which is better than the correlation coefficients of all other existing state of art methods, hence providing evidence for the effectiveness of our method.
Superiority of Filtered Tailings Storage Facility to Conventional Tailings Impoundment in Southern Rainy Regions of China

In order to evaluate the superiority of a filtered tailings storage facility (FTSF) to conventional tailings impoundment in the southern rainy regions of China (SRRC), the tailings slurry leakage and pollution accident occurring at the wet tailings dam (WTD) of Yinshan were analyzed, the properties of the tailings were tested in a laboratory, and the possibility of tailings liquefaction was evaluated. Comparisons of the slope stabilities of the filtered tailings dam (FTD) and WTD in normal operation, flood, continuous rainfall, and earthquake situations were simulated using the Slide software. The results show that the FTD has less chance of seepage, lower failure probability, and limited potential destructiveness than the WTD with average slope safety factors of 2.120 for normal operation, 1.919 for flooding, 1.204 for continuous rainfall, and 1.724 for a magnitude-6.0 earthquake. The disaster chain model of the WTD of Yinshan belongs to the bursting and slippage chain. As the most safe and effective active prevention measure, the FTSF has the advantages of saving water, protecting the environment, improving its stability in flood and rainfall situations, and reducing the dam failure probability and potential losses, which is greatly applicable to the SRRC.
How Robust is Laboratory Gift Exchange?

The gift-exchange game is a form of sequential prisoner's dilemma, developed by Fehr et al. (1993), and popularized in a series of papers by Ernst Fehr and co-authors. While the European studies typically feature a high degree of gift exchange, the few U.S. studies provide some conflicting results. We find that the degree of gift exchange is surprisingly sensitive to an apparently innocuous change—whether or not a comprehensive payoff table is provided in the instructions. We also find significant and substantial time trends in responder behavior.
The Small Subunit of M · AquI Is Responsible for Sequence-Specific DNA Recognition and Binding in the Absence of the Catalytic Domain

ABSTRACT AquI DNA methyltransferase (M · AquI) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine to the C5 position of the outermost deoxycytidine base in the DNA sequence 5′-CCCGGG-3′. M · AquI is a heterodimer in which the polypeptide chain is separated at the junction between the two equivalent structural domains in the related enzyme M · HhaI. Recently, we reported the subcloning, overexpression, and purification of the subunits (α and β) of M · AquI separately. Here we describe the DNA binding properties of M · AquI. The results presented here indicate that the β subunit alone contains all of the information for sequence-specific DNA recognition and binding. The first step in the sequence-specific recognition of DNA by M · AquI involves the formation of binary complex with the target recognition domain in conjunction with conserved sequence motifs IX and X, found in all known C5 DNA methyltransferases, contained in the β subunit. The α subunit enhances the binding of the β subunit to DNA specifically and nonspecifically. It is likely that the addition of the α subunit to the β subunit stabilizes the conformation of the β subunit and thereby enhances its affinity for DNA indirectly. Addition of S-adenosyl-l-methionine and its analogues S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine and sinefungin enhances binding, but only in the presence of the α subunit. These compounds did not have any effect on DNA binding by the β subunit alone. Using a 30-mer oligodeoxynucleotide substrate containing 5-fluorodeoxycytidine (5-FdC), it was found that the β subunit alone did not form a covalent complex with its specific sequence in the absence or presence of S-adenosyl-l-methionine. However, the addition of the α subunit to the β subunit led to the formation of a covalent complex with specific DNA sequence containing 5-FdC.
Effect of oxidative stress on sympathetic and renal vascular responses to ischemic exercise

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced acutely during skeletal muscle contraction, are known to stimulate group IV muscle afferents and accentuate the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) in rodents. The effect of ROS on the EPR in humans is unknown. We conducted a series of studies using ischemic fatiguing rhythmic handgrip (IFRHG) to acutely increase ROS within skeletal muscle, ascorbic acid infusion to scavenge free radicals, and hyperoxia inhalation to further increase ROS production. We hypothesized that ascorbic acid would attenuate the EPR and that hyperoxia would accentuate the EPR. Ten young healthy subjects participated in two or three experimental trials on separate days. Beat‐by‐beat measurements of heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and renal vascular resistance index (RVRI) were measured and compared between treatments (saline and ascorbic acid; room air and hyperoxia). At fatigue, the reflex increases in MAP (31 ± 3 vs. 29 ± 2 mm Hg), HR (19 ± 3 vs. 20 ± 3 bpm), MSNA burst rate (21 ± 4 vs. 23 ± 4 burst/min), and RVRI (39 ± 12 vs. 44 ± 13%) were not different between saline and ascorbic acid. Relative to room air, hyperoxia did not augment the reflex increases in MAP, HR, MSNA, or RVRI in response to exercise. Muscle metaboreflex activation and time/volume control experiments similarly showed no treatment effects. While contrary to our initial hypotheses, these findings suggest that ROS do not play a significant role in the normal reflex adjustments to ischemic exercise in young healthy humans.
Codes for the World Wide Web

We introduce a new family of simple, complete instantaneous codes for positive integers, called ζ codes, which are suitable for integers distributed as a power law with small exponent (smaller than 2). The main motivation for the introduction of ζ codes comes from web-graph compression: if nodes are numbered according to URL lexicographical order, gaps in successor lists are distributed according to a power law with small exponent. We give estimates of the expected length of ζ codes against power-law distributions, and compare the results with analogous estimates for the more classical γ, δ and variable-length block codes.
Differentiation-stage specific self-peptides bound by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules

We have tested the hypothesis that phenotypic changes of development are accompanied by expression of differentiation-stage specific peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The U937 cell line, when cultured in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), undergoes differentiation from monoblasts to macrophage-like cells. The high-performance liquid chromatography profile of peptides eluted from purified human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class I molecules expressed by U937 treated with PMA differs from that obtained from control, untreated U937 cells. Chemical sequencing of eluted peptides identified a peptide derived from cytomegalovirus in both treated and untreated cells. PMA-treated, but not untreated cells, displayed an additional peptide derived from interleukin 1 beta. Hence, differentiation-induction of U937 is accompanied by the presentation of at least one differentiation-stage specific peptide. Our results indicate that, similar to viral infection, cellular development and transformation is accompanied by the de novo synthesis of proteins which are processed and presented on MHC class I molecules.
An Empirical Study of Centering in Chinese Anaphoric Resolution

We have examined the optimal setting of the basic centering parameters: utterance, ranking, and R1-pronouns. The results reveal that when utterance is defined as shorter chunks of text sequences, zero pronouns can be resolved better. Pronoun resolution is less sensitive to the setting of utterance. Among the ranking-affecting factors, the grammatical roles played by the discourse entities and their syntactic hierarchies have greater bearing on their discourse salience. The pervasive higher precision rate in zero pronoun resolution suggests that zero pronouns are more suitable to be chosen as R1-pronouns when Centering is applied to Chinese anaphora resolution.
Innovative methods for heritage tourism experiences: creating windows into the past

ABSTRACT Heritage tourism products and experiences can generate substantial economic and social contribution to local communities. Yet, significant challenges face heritage tourism destinations, including heritage preservation and the subsequent transition into viable tourism experiences. This paper aims to employ innovative heritage preservation methods that can be utilised to develop tourism experiences at heritage sites. This research details how cutting-edge 3D scanning and modelling can be used to assist with the virtual presentation of heritage. Using a case study of a WWII US Airforce base in Charleville, Australia, this paper will detail how new 3D scanning methods can assist with the accuracy of digital preservation, as well as assist in the delivery of memorable tourism experiences by connecting and expanding to conceptually related areas, such as serious gaming. Findings revealed that by implementing 3D multi-layered scanning a simulation of an WWII Hanger and Norden bombsight was created, with scanning completed to within two millimetres of accuracy. A key contribution of this research is to provide lessons learned for scholars and practitioners considering the application of advanced methods for heritage preservation and memorable tourism experiences. In turn, this can be used as a key economic driver as well as instil social pride, especially for regional communities.
Comparison and Integration of Target Prediction Algorithms for microRNA Studies

Summary microRNAs are short RNA fragments that have the capacity of regulating hundreds of target gene expression. Currently, due to lack of high-throughput experimental methods for miRNA target identification, a collection of computational target prediction approaches have been developed. However, these approaches deal with different features or factors are weighted differently resulting in diverse range of predictions. The prediction accuracy remains uncertain. In this paper, three commonly used target prediction algorithms are evaluated and further integrated using algorithm combination, ranking aggregation and Bayesian Network classification. Our results revealed that each individual prediction algorithm displays its advantages as was shown on different test data sets. Among different integration strategies, the application of Bayesian Network classifier on the features calculated from multiple prediction methods significantly improved target prediction accuracy.
THIS WE BELIEVE AND NOW WE MUST ACT: Improving School-Family-Community Partnerships in the Middle Grades

rhis We Believe, the position paper of the National Middle School Association, discusses 12 character istics of responsive middle level schools. The beliefs set high expectations for good people, good places, and good programs in the middle grades. They are presented as important goals to improve the quality of life in schools and the quality of education for all young adolescents. One characteristic of a responsive middle level school is "fam ily and community partnerships. " This goal is on every list for school improvement, but few schools have implemented compre hensive programs of partnership. This article addresses three ques tions to help middle level educators move from their beliefs to action: (a) What is a comprehensive program of school-family-com munity connections in the middle grades? (b) How do family and community partnerships link with the other elements of an effec tive middle level school? (c) How can schools answer the call for action to develop and maintain productive programs of partner ships?
Sol–gel immobilization as a suitable technique for enhancement of α-amylase activity of Aspergillus oryzae PP

Bioencapsulation of microbial cells in silica-based matrices has proved to be a good strategy to enhance the biosynthetic capabilities and viability of bioproducers. In the present study, mycelium and pellet cultures of strain Aspergillus oryzae PP were successfully immobilized in sol–gel hybrid matrices composed of tetraethylorthosilicate as an inorganic precursor, 5% (w/v) starch and 10 or 15% (w/v) polyethylene oxide, or 10% (w/v) calcium alginate as organic compounds. Biosynthetic activity of immobilized cultures was investigated by batch and fed-batch cultivation and the obtained results of 3042.04 IU cm−3 were comparable with the enzyme activity of the free cell culture. Immobilized cultures retained their viability and biosynthetic capabilities up to the 744th h during fed-batch fermentation processes. Consequently, sol–gel encapsulation in hybrid matrices could be considered as a promising technique for immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae PP in order to increase the α-amylase production.
Hippocampal and amygdala volumes according to psychosis stage and diagnosis: a magnetic resonance imaging study of chronic schizophrenia, first-episode psychosis, and ultra-high-risk individuals.

CONTEXT Magnetic resonance imaging studies have identified hippocampal volume reductions in schizophrenia and amygdala volume enlargements in bipolar disorder, suggesting different medial temporal lobe abnormalities in these conditions. These studies have been limited by small samples and the absence of patients early in the course of illness. OBJECTIVE To investigate hippocampal and amygdala volumes in a large sample of patients with chronic schizophrenia, patients with first-episode psychosis, and patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis compared with control subjects. DESIGN Cross-sectional comparison between patient groups and controls. SETTING Individuals with chronic schizophrenia were recruited from a mental health rehabilitation service, and individuals with first-episode psychosis and ultra-high risk were recruited from the ORYGEN Youth Health Service. Control subjects were recruited from the community. PARTICIPANTS The study population of 473 individuals included 89 with chronic schizophrenia, 162 with first-episode psychosis, 135 at ultra-high risk for psychosis (of whom 39 subsequently developed a psychotic illness), and 87 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hippocampal, amygdala, whole-brain, and intracranial volumes were estimated on high-resolution magnetic resonance images and compared across groups, including first-episode subgroups. We used 1- and 2-way analysis of variance designs to compare hippocampal and amygdala volumes across groups, correcting for intracranial volume and covarying for age and sex. We investigated the effects of medication and illness duration on structural volumes. RESULTS Patients with chronic schizophrenia displayed bilateral hippocampal volume reduction. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia but not schizophreniform psychosis displayed left hippocampal volume reduction. The remaining first-episode subgroups had normal hippocampal volumes compared with controls. Amygdala volume enlargement was identified only in first-episode patients with nonschizophrenic psychoses. Patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis had normal baseline hippocampal and amygdala volumes whether or not they subsequently developed a psychotic illness. Structural volumes did not differ between patients taking atypical vs typical antipsychotic medications, and they remained unchanged when patients treated with lithium were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Medial temporal structural changes are not seen until after the onset of a psychotic illness, and the pattern of structural change differs according to the type of psychosis. These findings have important implications for future neurobiological studies of psychotic disorders and emphasize the importance of longitudinal studies examining patients before and after the onset of a psychotic illness.
On the restoration of supersymmetry in twisted two-dimensional lattice Yang Mills theory

We study a discretization of = 2 super Yang–Mills theory which possesses a single exact supersymmetry at non-zero lattice spacing. This supersymmetry arises after a reformulation of the theory in terms of twisted fields. In this paper we derive the action of the other twisted supersymmetries on the component fields and study, using Monte Carlo simulation, a series of corresponding Ward identities. Our results for SU(2) and SU(3) support a restoration of these additional supersymmetries without fine tuning in the infinite volume continuum limit. Additionally we present evidence supporting a restoration of (twisted) rotational invariance in the same limit. Finally we have examined the distribution of scalar field eigenvalues and find evidence for power law tails extending out to large eigenvalue. We argue that these tails indicate that the classical moduli space does not survive in the quantum theory.
agr-Mediated Dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

The agr quorum-sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus modulates the expression of virulence factors in response to autoinducing peptides (AIPs). Recent studies have suggested a role for the agr system in S. aureus biofilm development, as agr mutants exhibit a high propensity to form biofilms, and cells dispersing from a biofilm have been observed displaying an active agr system. Here, we report that repression of agr is necessary to form a biofilm and that reactivation of agr in established biofilms through AIP addition or glucose depletion triggers detachment. Inhibitory AIP molecules did not induce detachment and an agr mutant was non-responsive, indicating a dependence on a functional, active agr system for dispersal. Biofilm detachment occurred in multiple S. aureus strains possessing divergent agr systems, suggesting it is a general S. aureus phenomenon. Importantly, detachment also restored sensitivity of the dispersed cells to the antibiotic rifampicin. Proteinase K inhibited biofilm formation and dispersed established biofilms, suggesting agr-mediated detachment occurred in an ica-independent manner. Consistent with a protease-mediated mechanism, increased levels of serine proteases were detected in detaching biofilm effluents, and the serine protease inhibitor PMSF reduced the degree of agr-mediated detachment. Through genetic analysis, a double mutant in the agr-regulated Aur metalloprotease and the SplABCDEF serine proteases displayed minimal extracellular protease activity, improved biofilm formation, and a strongly attenuated detachment phenotype. These findings indicate that induction of the agr system in established S. aureus biofilms detaches cells and demonstrate that the dispersal mechanism requires extracellular protease activity.
A Risk-Reward Perspective on Prospect Theory with Application to the Asset Allocation Puzzle ⁄

In this paper we suggest a reward-risk perspective on the Prospect Theory. Doing so we combine the behavioural foundation of portfolio theory with the intuitive presentation of portfolio choices which goes back to Markowitz (1952). In an application we investigate the conditions for mutual fund separation and suggest a new solution to the Asset Allocation Puzzle. JEL Classification: G11, D81.
Optimal Workload Allocation in Fog-Cloud Computing Toward Balanced Delay and Power Consumption

Mobile users typically have high demand on localized and location-based information services. To always retrieve the localized data from the remote cloud, however, tends to be inefficient, which motivates fog computing. The fog computing, also known as edge computing, extends cloud computing by deploying localized computing facilities at the premise of users, which prestores cloud data and distributes to mobile users with fast-rate local connections. As such, fog computing introduces an intermediate fog layer between mobile users and cloud, and complements cloud computing toward low-latency high-rate services to mobile users. In this fundamental framework, it is important to study the interplay and cooperation between the edge (fog) and the core (cloud). In this paper, the tradeoff between power consumption and transmission delay in the fog-cloud computing system is investigated. We formulate a workload allocation problem which suggests the optimal workload allocations between fog and cloud toward the minimal power consumption with the constrained service delay. The problem is then tackled using an approximate approach by decomposing the primal problem into three subproblems of corresponding subsystems, which can be, respectively, solved. Finally, based on simulations and numerical results, we show that by sacrificing modest computation resources to save communication bandwidth and reduce transmission latency, fog computing can significantly improve the performance of cloud computing.