Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation in Aortic Arch Aneurysm

The aorta, acting as the main conduit through which cardiac output is delivered to the systemic arterial bed, is continuously exposed to high pulsatile pressure and shear stress, making it prone to mechanical injury. It is also more prone to rupture than other vessels, particularly with the development of aneurysmal dilation. Fifty percent of patients who experience a rupture of a aortic aneurysm die before reaching the hospital (Bengtsson & Bergqvist, 1993). The incidence increases with age and has been reported as 6 per 100,000 person-years (Knowles & Kneeshaw, 2004). Aneurysmal degeneration that occurs in the aortic arch is termed a aortic arch aneurysm. Patients who have aortic arch aneurysm have multiple aortic lesions or aneurysmal disease which involves segment of aorta (Crawford et al., 1984). Aortic arch aneurysms represent only 10% of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta and it has higher risk of rupture than other aneurysm (Knowles & Kneeshaw, 2004). Blood flow through the aorta is one of the most complex flow situations found in the cardiovascular system. Blood flow is pulsatile and pressure inside aortic aneurysm is nonuniform. The dynamics interaction between blood flow and wall may influence the wall stress. Computer modeling has made impressive progress in scientific, engineering, biological and medical applications in recent years and it offers the prospect of providing both a better insight into a range of biomechanical problems and improved tools for the design of medical devices and the diagnosis of pathologies. Computational methods such as mathematical modeling methods (Rideout, 1991; Rupnic & Runvovc, 2002; Abdolrazaghi et al., 2008), computational fluid dynamics methods, (Botnar et al., 2000; Shahcheraghi et al., 2002; Morris et al., 2005; Tokuda et al. 2008) loosely coupled methods (Di Mrrtino et al., 2001; Gao et al., 2006abc) have been used to simulate the biomechanical problems in arotic arch and aortic arch aneurysm. The aim of this chapter is to describe the numerical simulation and computer modeling work in aortic arch aneurysm.
Measuring the evolution of transport protocols in the internet

In this paper we explore the evolution of both the Internet's most heavily used transport protocol, TCP, and the current network environment with respect to how the network's evolution ultimately impacts end-to-end protocols. The traditional end-to-end assumptions about the Internet are increasingly challenged by the introduction of intermediary network elements (middleboxes) that intentionally or unintentionally prevent or alter the behavior of end-to-end communications. This paper provides measurement results showing the impact of the current network environment on a number of traditional and proposed protocol mechanisms (e.g., Path MTU Discovery, Explicit Congestion Notification, etc.). In addition, we investigate the prevalence and correctness of implementations using proposed TCP algorithmic and protocol changes (e.g., selective acknowledgment-based loss recovery, congestion window growth based on byte counting, etc.). We present results of measurements taken using an active measurement framework to study web servers and a passive measurement survey of clients accessing information from our web server. We analyze our results to gain further understanding of the differences between the behavior of the Internet in theory versus the behavior we observed through measurements. In addition, these measurements can be used to guide the definition of more realistic Internet modeling scenarios. Finally, we present several lessons that will benefit others taking Internet measurements.
Optical polarimetry and infrared photometry of two AM Her binaries: 1RXS J161008.0+035222 and 1RXS J231603.9-052713

We present the first optical circular and linear polarizatio n measurements of two polar candidates from ROSAT: 1RXS J161008.0+035222 and 1RXS J231603.9 052713. We also present H band near-infrared photometry of the last object. The presence of strong circular polarization confirms them as AM Her systems. 1RXS J231603.9 052713 was observed in two different brightness states. The orbital phase dependence of the flux and polarization of 1RXS J161008.0+035222 is reasonably fitted with a simple mod el in which the binary is observed at a small inclination and the magnetic field axis is al most parallel to the white-dwarf rotation axis resulting in the accretion column axis being s een from top during the whole orbital revolution. An alternative geometry with intermediate inclination can fit the observed flux and circular polarization. However, in this case, the mo del produces a linear polarization peak which is not corroborated by the data. The estimated magnetic field is in the 10 to 20 MG range. The circular polarization of 1RXS J231603.9 052713 is complex and highly variable. The light-curves of that object have been fitted using a model which includes the white-dwarf, a heated secondary and a point-like accretion region. The secondary emission contributes significantly even in optical wavelengths. This model also repr oduces the main features of the optical polarization of 1RXS J231603.9 052713. We estimate the main parameters of the binary, of the accretion region and the distance to the syste m. An improved description of this system should include an extended and inhomogeneous accreting region as well as non-radial accretion.
Weak vs. Self vs. Probabilistic Stabilization

Self-stabilization is a strong property which guarantees that a network always resume a correct behavior starting from an arbitrary initial state. Weaker guarantees have later been introduced to cope with impossibility results: probabilistic stabilization only gives probabilistic convergence to a correct behavior. Also, weak-stabilization only gives the possibility of convergence. In this paper, we investigate the relative power of weak, self, and probabilistic stabilization, with respect to the set of problems that can be solved. We formally prove that in that sense, weak stabilization is strictly stronger that self-stabilization. Also, we refine previous results on weak stabilization to prove that, for practical schedule instances, a deterministic weak-stabilizing protocol can be turned into a probabilistic self-stabilizing one. This latter result hints at more practical use of weak-stabilization, as such algorithms are easier to design and prove than their (probabilistic) self-stabilizing counterparts.
A theory of the neural mechanisms underlying negative cognitive bias in major depression

The widely acknowledged cognitive theory of depression, developed by Aaron Beck, focused on biased information processing that emphasizes the negative aspects of affective and conceptual information. Current attempts to discover the neurological mechanism underlying such cognitive and affective bias have successfully identified various brain regions associated with severally biased functions such as emotion, attention, rumination, and inhibition control. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of how individuals in depression develop this selective processing toward negative is still under question. This paper introduces a neurological framework centered around the frontal-limbic circuit, specifically analyzing and synthesizing the activity and functional connectivity within the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex. Firstly, a possible explanation of how the positive feedback loop contributes to the persistent hyperactivity of the amygdala in depression at an automatic level is established. Building upon this, two hypotheses are presented: hypothesis 1 revolves around the bidirectional amygdalohippocampal projection facilitating the amplification of negative emotions and memories while concurrently contributing to the impediment of the retrieval of opposing information in the hippocampus attractor network. Hypothesis 2 highlights the involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the establishment of a negative cognitive framework through the generalization of conceptual and emotional information in conjunction with the amygdala and hippocampus. The primary objective of this study is to improve and complement existing pathological models of depression, pushing the frontiers of current understanding in neuroscience of affective disorders, and eventually contributing to successful recovery from the debilitating affective disorders.
Welfare Impact of a Ban on Child Labor

This article presents a new rationale for imposing restrictions on child labor. In a standard overlapping generation model where parental altruism results in transfers that children allocate to consumption and education, the Nash-Cournot equilibrium results in suboptimal levels of parental transfers and does not maximize the average level of utility of currently living agents. A ban on child labor decreases children's income and generates an increase in parental transfers bringing their levels closer to the optimum, raising children's welfare as well as average welfare in the short run and in the long run. Moreover, the inability to work allows children to allocate more time to education, and it leads to an increase in human capital. Besides, to increase transfers, parents decrease savings and hence physical capital accumulation. When prices are flexible, these effects diminish the positive welfare impact of the ban on child labor.
The Association of Age, Parity, and History of Cesarean Section with the Occurrence of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (Pas) at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan 2020-2022

Background: Maternal mortality rate (MMR) is an indicator of the quality of midwifery services in a country. Postpartum hemorrhage is a serious life-threatening complication and the main cause of maternal death especially that caused by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). This study aims to determine the relationship between age, parity, and history of cesarean section on the incidence of PAS at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2020-2022.Method: This study was an analytic-observational study with a cross-sectional design. The data used came from the medical records, including information about the population of mothers who gave birth, maternal age at delivery, parity, and previous history of cesarean section. Statistical analysis used univariate and bivariate chi-square tests.Result: The study subjects were 84 people selected by simple random sampling method. The results of the univariate analysis showed the highest frequency of age >32 years, parity 3-4 times, and a history of cesarean section ≥ 2. The results of bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age and the incidence of PAS (p=0.016), parity and the incidence of PAS (p<0.001), and a history of cesarean section and the incidence of PAS (p=0.004). Conclusion: There is a relationship between age, parity, and history of cesarean section with the incidence of PAS at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2020-2022.
The sustainability of water resources in High Mountain Asia in the context of recent and future glacier change

Abstract High Mountain Asia contains the largest volume of glacier ice outside the polar regions, and contain the headwaters of some of the largest rivers in central Asia. These glaciers are losing mass at a mean rate of between –0.18 and –0.5 m water equivalent per year. While glaciers in the Himalaya are generally shrinking, those in the Karakoram have experienced a slight mass gain. Both changes have occurred in response to rising air temperatures due to Northern Hemisphere climate change. In the westerly influenced Indus catchment, glacier meltwater makes up a large proportion of the hydrological budget, and loss of glacier mass will ultimately lead to a decrease in water supplies. In the monsoon-influenced Ganges and Brahmaputra catchments, the contribution of glacial meltwater is relatively small compared to the Indus, and the decrease in annual water supplies will be less dramatic. Therefore, enhanced glacier melt will increase river flows until the middle of the twenty-first century, but in the longer term, into the latter part of this century, river flows will decline as glaciers shrink. Declining meltwater supplies may be compensated by increases in precipitation, but this could exacerbate the risk of flooding.
A Generic Approach to Coalition Formation

We propose an abstract approach to coalition formation that focuses on simple merge and split rules transforming partitions of a group of players. We identify conditions under which every iteration of these rules yields a unique partition. The main conceptual tool is a specific notion of a stable partition. The results are parametrized by a preference relation between partitions of a group of players and naturally apply to coalitional TU-games, hedonic games and exchange economy games.
Optimization of Neural Networks with Multi-Objective LASSO Algorithm

This paper presents a bi-objective algorithm that optimizes the error and the sum of the absolute weights of a Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network. The algorithm is based on the linear Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and provides simultaneous generalization and weight selection optimization. The algorithm searches for a set of optimal solutions called Pareto set from which a single weight vector with best performance and reduced number of weights is selected based on a validation criterion. The method is applied to classification and regression real problems and compared with the norm based multi-objective algorithm. Results show that the neural networks obtained have improved generalization performance and reduced topology.
Femtosecond XANES Study of the Light-Induced Spin Crossover Dynamics in an Iron(II) Complex

X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a powerful probe of molecular structure, but it has previously been too slow to track the earliest dynamics after photoexcitation. We investigated the ultrafast formation of the lowest quintet state of aqueous iron(II) tris(bipyridine) upon excitation of the singlet metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (1MLCT) state by femtosecond optical pump/x-ray probe techniques based on x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). By recording the intensity of a characteristic XANES feature as a function of laser pump/x-ray probe time delay, we find that the quintet state is populated in about 150 femtoseconds. The quintet state is further evidenced by its full XANES spectrum recorded at a 300-femtosecond time delay. These results resolve a long-standing issue about the population mechanism of quintet states in iron(II)-based complexes, which we identify as a simple 1MLCT→3MLCT→5T cascade from the initially excited state. The time scale of the 3MLCT→5T relaxation corresponds to the period of the iron-nitrogen stretch vibration.
On the (un)reliability of eavesdropping

We investigate the reliability of current generation eavesdropping tools and show that obtaining 'high fidelity' transcripts is harder than previously assumed. Even in situations highly favourable to the eavesdropper, simple unilateral countermeasures are shown to be sufficient to prevent all tested systems from reliably reconstructing communicated messages. Less than a third of the tested systems report irregularities, and 45% incorrectly interpret covertext chosen by the sending party. Unlike cryptography or steganography, the techniques introduced require no cooperation by the communicating parties and, in some case, can be employed entirely by a third party not involved in the communication at all.
Femtosecond Laser Keratoplasty

Zirm performed the first successful human full-thickness corneal transplantation in the early 1900s. He performed the surgery without finely gauged needles, sutures, or modern-day viscoelastic devices. In the century that followed, numerous innovations brought penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) procedures to a new level of anatomic and optical success that few surgeons could have imagined. Ramon Castroviejo pioneered the most common PKP technique still in use today by creating a circular corneal button with a circular trephine blade. Multilevel stepped corneal incisions for improving donor-host alignment and wound stability were introduced initially by Franceschetti and Doret in the 1950s. Soon thereafter, Barraquer expanded on this concept and developed a method and special instruments to manually create a ‘‘2-level’’–shaped incision, with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter, to preserve greater areas of endothelium in the surgical management of Fuchs’ dystrophy. The difficulty of this technique prevented widespread adoption. Forty years later, Busin described a ‘‘mushroom’’-shaped manual PKP technique that also had a stepped incision, but with a smaller inner diameter than outer diameter, a potential advantage for PKP in patients with healthy endothelium that could be retained. Nevertheless, the challenge of a manually shaped donor and host prevented most surgeons from adopting the shaped incisions, despite the potential improvements in wound integrity and donor-host alignment. The concept of shaped PKP took a major leap forward with the development of the femtosecond (FS) laser for corneal incisions. This technology was first developed as a commercial device in the late 1990s for creation of the corneal flap in laser in situ keratomileusis. The FS
A short-term, pattern-based model for water-demand forecasting

The short-term, demand-forecasting model described in this paper forms the third constituent part of the POWADIMA research project which, taken together, address the issue of real-time, near-optimal control of water-distribution networks. Since the intention is to treat water distribution as a feed-forward control system, operational decisions have to be based on the expected future demands for water, rather than just the present known requirements. Accordingly, it was necessary to develop a short-term, demand-forecasting procedure. To that end, monitoring facilities were installed to measure short-term fluctuations in demands for a small experimental network, which enabled a thorough investigation of trends and periodicities that can usually be found in this type of time-series. On the basis of these data, a short-term, demand-forecasting model was formulated. The model reproduces the periodic patterns observed at annual, weekly and daily levels prior to fine-tuning the estimated values of future demands through the inclusion of persistence effects. Having validated the model, the demand forecasts were subjected to an analysis of the sensitivity to possible errors in the various components of the model. Its application to much larger case studies is described in the following two papers.
On Throughput Efficiency of Geographic Opportunistic Routing in Multihop Wireless Networks

Geographic opportunistic routing (GOR) has shown throughput efficiency in coping with unreliable transmissions in multihop wireless networks. The basic idea behind opportunistic routing is to take advantage of the broadcast nature and spacial diversity of the wireless medium by involving multiple neighbors of the sender into the local forwarding, thus improve transmission reliability. The existing GOR schemes typically involve as many as available next-hop neighbors into the local forwarding, and give the nodes closer to the destination higher relay priorities. In this paper, we show that it is not always the optimal way to achieve the best throughput. We introduce a framework to analyze the one-hop throughput of GOR, provide a deeper insight into the trade-off between the benefit (packet advancement and transmission reliability) and cost (medium time delay) associated with the node collaboration, and propose a local metric named expected one-hop throughput (EOT) to balance the benefit and cost. We also identify an upper bound of EOT and its concavity, which indicates that even if the candidate coordination delay were negligible, the throughput gain would become marginal when the number of forwarding candidates increases. Based on the EOT, we also propose a local candidate selection and prioritization algorithm. Simulation results validate our analysis and show that the EOT metric leads to both better one-hop and path throughput than the corresponding pure GOR and geographic routing.
Level and evaluation of tumor marker CA-125 in ovarian cancer patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND Due to the increase in morbidity and mortality rate, cancer has become an alarming threat to the human population worldwide. Since cancer is a progressive disorder, timely diagnosis is necessary to prevent/stop cancer from progressing to a severe stage. In Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan, many tumors are diagnosed with endoscopy and biopsy; rare studies exist regarding the diagnosis and evaluation of ovarian cancer, based on tumor markers like CA-125. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate levels of CA-125 in hospitalized ovarian cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of 63 admitted patients having ovarian cancer by biopsy were included. The level of CA-125 was determined in the blood of these patients using ELISA technique. RESULTS Out of 63 patients, the level of CA-125 was high in 52% . The affected individuals were more in the group of 40-60 and the level of CA-125 was comparatively higher in patients having moderately differentiated histology than those having well differentiated and poorly differentiated tumor histology. Moreover, the highest level of CA-125 was present among the patients having serous subtype of carcinoma and the common stage of carcinoma was stage II followed by stage III, I and IV. CONCLUSIONS CA-125 level was high in more than 50% of the total patients. Moreover, CA-125 elevation was more common in serous subtype and stage II cancer patients.
Immunogenicity against Far Eastern and Siberian subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus elicited by the currently available vaccines based on the European subtype: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, which is usually divided into European, Far Eastern and Siberian subtypes, is a serious public health problem in several European and Asian countries. Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent TBE; cross-subtype protection elicited by the TBE vaccines is biologically plausible since all TBE virus subtypes are closely related. This manuscript systematically explores available data on the cross-subtype immunogenicity elicited by the currently available Western vaccines based on the European subtype. Completed immunization course of 3 doses of both Western vaccines determined very high seroconversion/seropositivity rates against both Far Eastern and Siberian subtypes among previously flavivirus-naïve subjects. All but one study found no statistically significant difference in titers of neutralizing antibodies against strains belonging to homologous and heterologous subtypes. Pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials on head-to-head comparison of immunogenicity of Western and Russian TBE vaccines did not reveal differences in seroconversion rates against Far Eastern isolates in either hemagglutination inhibition (risk ratio = 0.98, p = 0.83) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent (risk ratio = 0.95, p = 0.44) assays after 2 vaccine doses. This suggests that, in regions where a heterogeneous TBE virus population circulates, vaccines based on the European subtype may be used alongside vaccines based on the Far Eastern subtype. Studies on the field effectiveness of TBE vaccines and investigation of vaccination failures, especially in countries where different subtypes co-circulate, will further elucidate TBE vaccination-induced cross-subtype protection.