Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an anti-stigma campaign related to common mental disorders in rural India: a mixed methods approach

Background Stigma related to mental health is a major barrier to help-seeking resulting in a large treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study assessed changes in knowledge, attitude and behaviour, and stigma related to help-seeking among participants exposed to an anti-stigma campaign. Method The campaign, using multi-media interventions, was part of the SMART Mental Health Project, conducted for 3 months, across 42 villages in rural Andhra Pradesh, in South India. Mixed-methods evaluation was conducted in two villages using a pre-post design. Results A total of 1576 and 2100 participants were interviewed, at pre- and post-intervention phases of the campaign. Knowledge was not increased. Attitudes and behaviours improved significantly (p < 0.01). Stigma related to help-seeking reduced significantly (p < 0.05). Social contact and drama were the most beneficial interventions identified during qualitative interviews. Conclusion The results showed that the campaign was beneficial and led to improvement of attitude and behaviours related to mental health and reduction in stigma related to help-seeking. Social contact was the most effective intervention. The study had implications for future research in LMIC.
Mapping the interface between the Local and Loop I bubbles using Strömgren photometry

Context. The Sun is located inside an extremely low density region of quite irregular shape called the Local Bubble or Local Cavity. The fraction of this cavity filled with extremely hot gas is known as the Local Hot Bubble. Close to the Local Bubble, there is an even larger cavity known as Loop I. A ring-like feature observed in X-ray and HI has been proposed as the contour of the bubbles interaction zone around 70 pc. Aims. Our goal is to identify the interface between the Local and Loop I Bubbles and discuss the ring’s existence using Str¨ uvbyH data. Methods. We have used the uvbyH data of the General Catalogue of Photometric Data, covering the region defined by the Galactic coordinates: 250 l 50 and 60 b 60 to obtain E(b y) colour excess and distances. A set of exclusion criteria have been applied to eliminate the values inappropriate to the study of the interstellar reddening distribution. The final sample is composed of 4346 stars located up to 500 pc from the Sun. Results. The expected transition to E(b y) 0: m 070 0: m 100, corresponding to the ring’s column density, occurs on the western part of the ring at d = 110 20 pc, whereas on the eastern side it is not clearly seen before d = 280 50 pc. Near the Galactic plane the presence of the dark clouds is clearly established by E(b y) 0: m 100 in the western side at about 100 ‐ 150 pc and about 120 ‐ 180 pc in the eastern side. Beyond these distance ranges the number of unreddened stars decreases considerably indicating the location of these large dark cloud complexes. In the southernmost part of the ring the reddening remains very low, typically E(b y) = 0: m 020 in all its extension, except towards the Mensa constellation where a possible transition is observed at d = 200 20 pc. In the northernmost part the colour excess increases with distance in a gradual way, such that 0: m 020 E(b y) 0: 040 becomes predominant only after d = 120 15 pc. Conclusions. If the ring really exists the colour excess distribution indicates that it is very fragmented and distorted. However, the di erent characteristics of the reddening inside and along the ring do not support the existence of a ring.
Language learners restructure their input to facilitate efficient communication

Languages of the world display many structural similarities. We test the hypothesis that some of these structural properties may arise from biases operating during language acquisition that shape languages over time. Specifically, we investigate whether language learners are biased toward linguistic systems that strike an efficient balance between robust information transfer, on the one hand, and effort or resource demands, on the other hand, thereby increasing the communicative utility of the acquired language. In two experiments, we expose learners to miniature artificial languages designed in such a way that they do not use their formal devices (case marking) efficiently to facilitate robust information transfer. We find that learners restructure such languages in ways that facilitate efficient information transfer compared with the input language. These systematic changes introduced by the learners follow typologically frequent patterns, supporting the hypothesis that some of the structural similarities found in natural languages are shaped by biases toward communicatively efficient linguistic systems.
A Fracture Mechanics Description of Stress-Wave Repair in Stiction-Failed Microcantilevers: Theory and Experiments

Microcantilever beams are frequently utilized as sensor platforms in microelectromechanical system devices. These highly compliant surface-micromachined structures generally fail by adhering to the underlying substrate during processing or subsequent operation. Such failures, which are commonly known as ldquostictionrdquo failures, can be prevented or repaired in a number of ways, including low adhesion coatings, rinsing with low surface energy agents, and active approaches such as laser irradiation. Gupta [ J. Microelectromech. Syst. vol. 13, pp. 696-700, 2004] recently demonstrated that stress waves could be used to repair stiction-failed structures. This paper extends the work of Gupta by developing a fracture mechanics theory of the repair process and compares that theory with corresponding experiments. We show that: 1) incremental crack growth is associated with each laser pulse, the extent of which is directly related to the laser fluence; 2) repeated pulsing fully repairs all of the microcantilevers; and 3) a fracture mechanics model accurately predicts the observed experimental results. [1664].
Entanglement Properties of a Higher-Integer-Spin AKLT Model with Quantum Group Symmetry

We study the entanglement properties of a higher-integer-spin Affleck{Kennedy{ Lieb{Tasaki model with quantum group symmetry in the periodic boundary condition. We exactly calculate the finite size correction terms of the entanglement entropies from the double scaling limit. We also evaluate the geometric entanglement, which serves as another measure for entanglement. We find the geometric entanglement reaches its maximum at the isotropic point, and decreases with the increase of the anisotropy. This behavior is similar to that of the entanglement entropies.
Implementation of real time moving object detection and tracking on FPGA for video surveillance applications

Computer vision has played a key role in developing object detection and tracking techniques for Surveillance system. Most of the implementations currently employed are based on Serial execution on General Purpose Processors. But the high cost and complexity of such implementations doesn't make it a viable option for real time surveillance system. The system proposed here is implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) Zynq XC7Z020 board using Modified Background Subtraction algorithm for real-time Object Detection and Tracking. The presence of numerous configurable logic blocks, distributed memory and hard Digital Signal Processing (DSP) modules offers a great flexibility in achieving Temporal and Spatial parallelism. This paper uses Xilinx ISE software for implementation which is programmed in VHDL. OV7670 camera used in the paper has a resolution of 0.3 Megapixel and it captures the video at a speed of 30fps. The reference frame and the subsequent incoming frames are stored in different memory modules before the Modified Background Subtraction algorithm is applied on these frames to obtain the difference image. After comparing it with the threshold, the resultant image is displayed and its addresses are stored in order to track it. The system works in real time with minimum time lag between the capture and display. Moreover the entire system is optimized in terms of speed, memory requirements as well as the number of logic elements used which makes it suitable for application in real-time surveillance system.
Determinants of Service Quality and Continuance Intention of Online Services: The Case of eTax

This article examines the determinants of service quality and continuance intention of online services. We proposed and empirically tested a model with both service and technology characteristics as the main drivers of service quality and subsequent continuance intention of eTax, an electronic government (eGovernment) service that enables citizens to file their taxes online. Our data were collected via a two-stage longitudinal online survey of 518 participants before and after they made use of the eTax service in Hong Kong. The results showed that both service characteristics (i.e., security and convenience) and one of the technology characteristics (i.e., perceived usefulness, but not perceived ease of use) were the key determinants of service quality. Another interesting and important finding that runs counter to the vast body of empirical evidence on predicting intention is that perceived usefulness was not the strongest predictor of continuance intention but rather service quality was. To provide a richer picture of these relationships, we also conducted a post-hoc analysis of the effects of service and technology characteristics on the individual dimensions of service quality and their subsequent impact on continuance intention and found assurance and reliability to be the only significant predictors of continuance intention.We present implications for research and practice related to online services.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MISOPROSTOL IN INDUCTION OF LABOUR IN PRELABOUR RUPTURE OF FETAL MEMBRANE IN NIGERIAN WOMEN: A MULTICENTER STUDY

Background: Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue compared to prostaglandin E2, has the advantage of being inexpensive and stable at room temperature, with its proven efficacy and safety. However studies on the effect of pH on the efficacy of misoprostol have yielded conflicting results. Thus its use in the induction of labour in patients with premature rupture of membrane requires further investigation. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of misoprostol in induction of labour in Nigerian women with prelabour rupture of membrane after 34 weeks of gestation. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty six Nigerian women with prelabour rupture of membrane who consented to participate in the trial were randomised into two arms of misoprostol and oxytocin. Labour was managed with WHO partograph. The primary outcome was the caesarean section rate and induction vaginal delivery interval. Results: The mean induction to vaginal delivery interval was significantly shorter in the misoprostol arm (504 mins) compared to 627 mins in the oxytocin arm (t=3.97; p=0.005). The caesarean section rate of 18.1% among the misoprostol arm was also significantly lower than the 41.4% recorded in the oxytocin arm (p=0.002). Among patients with Bishop score greater than 6 there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the outcomes measured. Conclusion: Misoprostol is not only effective but also safe when compared with titrated oxytocin in Nigerian parturients with prelabour rupture of membrane after 34 weeks.
An Experimental Investigation of Non-Audit Service Fees and Investors ’ Perceptions of Auditor Independence : Post-Enron Era

In this study, we use experimental markets to examine the disclosure of non-audit service fees on investors’ perceptions of auditor independence. The SEC justified the disclosure of non-audit services fees rule by stating that: “Investors will be able to evaluate for themselves whether the proportion of non-audit service fees causes them to question an auditor’s independence” (SEC, 2000). Recent studies, like Dopuch et al. (2003), provide evidence that disclosures of non-audit service fees reduced investors’ beliefs of auditor independence. When investors’ formed inaccurate beliefs of auditor independence, their forecasts of asset values and asset prices deviated from the economic predictions and investors’ profits were less uniformly distributed. Consistent with Dopuch et al. (2003), we find that the disclosure of non-audit service fees reduced investors’ perceptions of auditor independence. Second, we document that the level of non-audit service fees has a varying impact on investors’ perception of auditor independence, market efficiency, and wealth distributions. Moreover, our findings suggest that financial markets are less efficient when greater levels of non-audit service fees are disclosed and that the relative level of non-audit service fees does impair auditors’ objectivity from the investors’ viewpoint. This study provides a first-hand account of the impact of the proportionate level of non-audit service fees to total fees on investors’ perceptions of auditor independence in the postEnron era.
Dust in spiral galaxies: global properties

We present and analyse high-quality Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) 850- and 450-μm images of 14 local spiral galaxies, including the detection of dust well out into the extended disc in many cases. We use these data in conjunction with published far-infrared flux densities from IRAS and ISO, and millimetre-wave measurements from ground-based facilities to deduce the global properties of the dust in these galaxies, in particular temperature and mass. We find that simple two-temperature greybody models of fixed dust emissivity index β= 2 and with typical temperatures of 25 < Twarm < 40 K and 10 < Tcold < 20 K provide good fits to the overall spectral energy distributions. The dust mass in the cold component correlates with the mass in atomic hydrogen and the mass in the warm component correlates with the mass in molecular hydrogen. These results thus fit the simple picture in which the cold dust is heated predominantly by the interstellar radiation field, while the hot dust is heated predominantly by OB stars in more active regions, although we argue that there is some mixing. The mean gas-to-dust mass ratio is 120 ± 60, very similar to that found within our own galaxy and roughly a factor of 10 lower than that derived from IRAS data alone. The gas-to-dust mass ratios in the warm, molecular component are on average higher than those in the cold, atomic component. We compare our modelling results with similar results for more luminous spiral galaxies selected at far-infrared wavelengths by the SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey. We find that whilst the total dust mass distributions of the two samples are indistinguishable, they have significantly different dust temperature distributions in both the warm and cold components. We suggest that this difference might be related to the level of star formation activity in these systems, with the more active galaxies having more intense interstellar radiation fields and higher dust temperatures.
Task and context determine where you look.

The deployment of human gaze has been almost exclusively studied independent of any specific ongoing task and limited to two-dimensional picture viewing. This contrasts with its use in everyday life, which mostly consists of purposeful tasks where gaze is crucially involved. To better understand deployment of gaze under such circumstances, we devised a series of experiments, in which subjects navigated along a walkway in a virtual environment and executed combinations of approach and avoidance tasks. The position of the body and the gaze were monitored during the execution of the task combinations and dependence of gaze on the ongoing tasks as well as the visual features of the scene was analyzed. Gaze distributions were compared to a random gaze allocation strategy as well as a specific "saliency model. " Gaze distributions showed high similarity across subjects. Moreover, the precise fixation locations on the objects depended on the ongoing task to the point that the specific tasks could be predicted from the subject's fixation data. By contrast, gaze allocation according to a random or a saliency model did not predict the executed fixations or the observed dependence of fixation locations on the specific task.
Profit-sharing, bertrand competition and monopoly unions: a note

This paper studies a strategic aspect of profit-sharing in an oligopolistic industry with a monopoly union. Whenever a uniform profit share exists in the industry, we show that a union that values the per worker remuneration positively, may have incentives to reduce industry employment, decreasing thus total output and causing total profits to increase. Thus, we show that profit-sharing may lead to higher profits for such an industry even if productivity effects are absent.
The Forget-me-not Process

We introduce the Forget-me-not Process, an efficient, non-parametric meta-algorithm for online probabilistic sequence prediction for piecewise stationary, repeating sources. Our method works by taking a Bayesian approach to partition a stream of data into postulated task-specific segments, while simultaneously building a model for each task. We provide regret guarantees with respect to piecewise stationary data sources under the logarithmic loss, and validate the method empirically across a range of sequence prediction and task identification problems.
A new mass-ratio for the X-ray binary X2127+119 in M 15?

The luminous low-mass X-ray binary X2127+119 in the core of the globular cluster M 15 (NGC 7078), which has an orbital period of 17 hours, has long been assumed to contain a donor star evolving off the main sequence, with a mass of 0.8 ${M}_{\odot}$ (the main-sequence turn-off mass for M 15). We present orbital-phase-resolved spectroscopy of X2127+119 in the H α Hei$\lambda{6678}$spectral region, obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. We show that these data are incompatible with the assumed masses of X2127+119's component stars. The continuum eclipse is too shallow, indicating that much of the accretion disc remains visible during eclipse, and therefore that the size of the donor star relative to the disc is much smaller in this high-inclination system than the assumed mass-ratio allows. Furthermore, the flux of X2127+119's Hei$\lambda{6678}$emission, which has a velocity that implies an association with the stream-disc impact region, remains unchanged through eclipse, implying that material from the impact region is always visible. This should not be possible if the previously-assumed mass ratio is correct. In addition, we do not detect any spectral features from the donor star, which is unexpected for a 0.8-${M}_{\odot}$ sub-giant in a system with a 17-h period.
Delay, elasticity, and stability trade-offs in rate control

Abstract— We adopt the optimization framework for rate allocationproblem proposed by Kelly and characterize the stability condition with ar-bitrary communication delay. We demonstrate that there is a fundamentaltrade-off between the price elasticity of demand of users and responsivenessof the resources through a choice of price function as well as between thesystem stability and resource utilization. I. I NTRODUCTION With the unprecedented growth and popularity of the Internetthe problem of rate/congestion control is emerging as a morecrucial problem. Poor management of congestion can renderone part of a network inaccessible to the rest and signiﬁcantlydegrade the performance of networking applications. Kelly hasproposed an optimization framework for rate allocation in theInternet [4]. Using the proposed framework he has shown thatthe system optimum is achieved at the equilibrium between theend users and resources. Based on this observation researchershave proposed various rate-based algorithms that solve the sys-tem optimization problem or its relaxation [4], [8], [9]. How-ever, the convergence of these algorithms has been establishedonly in the absence of feedback delay, and the impact of feed-back delay has been left open as well as any trade-off that mayexist between stability and selected utility and cost functions.In this work we establish a delay-independent global sta-bility criterion for system optimization problem in the pres-ence of arbitrary delay for simple one resource problem withone ﬂow. This ﬂow could be interpreted to represent aggre-gate behavior of the users in the system. This is derived usingthe invariance-based global stability results for nonlinear delay-differential equations [10], [3], [2]. This kind of global stabilityresults are differentfromthat basedon LyapunovorRazumikhintheorems in the sense that in our set up also hints the structure ofemergingperiodicorbits (like their periodicityandamplitude)inthe case of loss of stability.Generally speaking, our results tell us that if the user andresource curves have a stable market equilibrium, then corre-sponding dynamical equation for ﬂow-optimization will con-verge to the optimal point in the presence of arbitrary delay.This result essentially shows that stability is related to utilityand price curves in a fundamental way. In particular, for a givenprice curve, it possible to design stable user utility functionssuch that the ensuing dynamical system converges to the opti-mal ﬂow irrespective of communication delay. Conversely, ifthe underlying market equilibrium is unstable then it is possibleto ﬁnd a large enough delay for which the optimal point losesits stability and gives way to oscillations. These results providean interesting perspective for designing end user algorithms andactive queue management (AQM) mechanisms. It is also worth
Coupling between Catalytic Loop Motions and Enzyme Global Dynamics

Catalytic loop motions facilitate substrate recognition and binding in many enzymes. While these motions appear to be highly flexible, their functional significance suggests that structure-encoded preferences may play a role in selecting particular mechanisms of motions. We performed an extensive study on a set of enzymes to assess whether the collective/global dynamics, as predicted by elastic network models (ENMs), facilitates or even defines the local motions undergone by functional loops. Our dataset includes a total of 117 crystal structures for ten enzymes of different sizes and oligomerization states. Each enzyme contains a specific functional/catalytic loop (10–21 residues long) that closes over the active site during catalysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the available crystal structures (including apo and ligand-bound forms) for each enzyme revealed the dominant conformational changes taking place in these loops upon substrate binding. These experimentally observed loop reconfigurations are shown to be predominantly driven by energetically favored modes of motion intrinsically accessible to the enzyme in the absence of its substrate. The analysis suggests that robust global modes cooperatively defined by the overall enzyme architecture also entail local components that assist in suitable opening/closure of the catalytic loop over the active site.