Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Is the Origin of the European Potato? Evidence from Canary Island Landraces

The modern cultivated potato (Solanum tuber- osum L.) was fi rst recorded in Europe in the Canary Islands in 1567, but its origin has long been in dispute. Two competing hypotheses have proposed an "Andean" area (somewhere from the Andean uplands from Venezuela to northern Argentina) or a lowland south-central "Chilean" area, but the Andean origin hypoth- esis is today generally accepted. The identity of extant Canary Island potato landraces as exclusively of upland Andean origin is one part of a multicomponent argument that the Euro- pean potato originated from there, rather than from Chile. We reassess these two compet- ing hypotheses with nuclear microsatellite and chloroplast DNA analyses of 19 Canary Island landraces, 14 Andean landraces, 11 Chilean landraces, and two wild potato species as out- groups, and with chloroplast DNA data of 150 landraces from South America. Our molecular results document a wide variation of Andean- and Chilean-type cultivars on the Canary Islands and possible hybrids of the two. Our new data, integrated with historical, molecular, agronomic, and crossing data, support a hypothesis that there were multiple introductions of Andean and Chilean germplasm to the Canary Islands and that the early European potato was selected from Chilean introductions long before the late blight epiphytotics of the 1840s.
Epidemic Spreading on Preferred Degree Adaptive Networks

We study the standard SIS model of epidemic spreading on networks where individuals have a fluctuating number of connections around a preferred degree . Using very simple rules for forming such preferred degree networks, we find some unusual statistical properties not found in familiar Erdös-Rényi or scale free networks. By letting depend on the fraction of infected individuals, we model the behavioral changes in response to how the extent of the epidemic is perceived. In our models, the behavioral adaptations can be either ‘blind’ or ‘selective’ – depending on whether a node adapts by cutting or adding links to randomly chosen partners or selectively, based on the state of the partner. For a frozen preferred network, we find that the infection threshold follows the heterogeneous mean field result and the phase diagram matches the predictions of the annealed adjacency matrix (AAM) approach. With ‘blind’ adaptations, although the epidemic threshold remains unchanged, the infection level is substantially affected, depending on the details of the adaptation. The ‘selective’ adaptive SIS models are most interesting. Both the threshold and the level of infection changes, controlled not only by how the adaptations are implemented but also how often the nodes cut/add links (compared to the time scales of the epidemic spreading). A simple mean field theory is presented for the selective adaptations which capture the qualitative and some of the quantitative features of the infection phase diagram.
The Emergence of Overlapping Scale-free Genetic Architecture in Digital Organisms

We have studied the evolution of genetic architecture in digital organisms and found that the gene overlap follows a scale-free distribution, which is commonly found in metabolic networks of many organisms. Our results show that the slope of the scale-free distribution depends on the mutation rate and that the gene development is driven by expansion of already existing genes, which is in direct correspondence to the preferential growth algorithm that gives rise to scale-free networks. To further validate our results we have constructed a simple model of gene development, which recapitulates the results from the evolutionary process and shows that the mutation rate affects the tendency of genes to cluster. In addition we could relate the slope of the scale-free distribution to the genetic complexity of the organisms and show that a high mutation rate gives rise to a more complex genetic architecture.
TOWARDS A VERY LOW BIT RATE SEGMENTAL SPEECH

Jan Cernock y 1;2, Genevi eve Baudoin 2 and G erard Chollet 3 1Technical University of Brno, Institute of Radioelectronics, Brno, Czech Republic, cernocky@urel.fee. vutbr.cz 2ESIEE, D epartement Signal et T el ecommunications, Noisy-le-Grand, France, fcernockj,baudoingg@esiee.fr 3ENST, D epartement Signal, Paris, France, chollet@sig.enst. fr ABSTRACT In this paper we are trying to de ne a novel scheme for speech coding on segmental basis. The goal is 100{200 bit/s coding rate in multi-speaker and multi-lingual environment. The main part of the algorithm is the research and modelization of typical spectral sequences. We have performed this search using temporal decomposition (TD), vector quantization (VQ) and multigram (MG) techniques, on a monospeaker database. We report the results in terms of lengths and numbers of typical spectral sequences, and we are discussing their phonetical relevance. The following steps will be a modelization of sequences using Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and a study on resynthesis and speaker adaptation.
Calculation of intergranular stresses based on a large-strain viscoplastic self-consistent polycrystal model

We present here an extension of the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal model for the calculation of the intergranular Cauchy stresses in an aggregate. This method, which is based on the self-consistent treatment of incompressible aggregates proposed in 1987 by Molinari et al, is formulated using the inclusion formalism and full anisotropy is incorporated into it. The complete stress state in the grains is obtained by computing the deviatoric and the hydrostatic local deviations with respect to the overall corresponding magnitudes applied to the polycrystal. The extended VPSC model, followed by an elastic self-consistent unloading, is used to obtain the intergranular residual strains in the aggregate after large plastic deformation. The texture evolution and the hardening of the material are explicitly taken into account in the model. As an application, the model is used to predict intergranular residual states in Incoloy-800 plate after uniaxial deformation.
Stardom from the perspective of media power: Reproducing media power in the reception of Li Yuchun’s stardom

The purpose of this study is to examine the stardom of Li Yuchun, a star from Super Girls’ Voice (an American Idol-type show), from the perspective of media power. Based on Couldry’s framework of media power, which focuses on the symbolic boundary between the media world and the ordinary world, this study compares the stardom of Song Zuying, who represents party stars; the stardom of Jay Chou, who represents commercialized stars; and the stardom of Li Yuchun to explore the ways in which audiences construct the stardom of Li Yuchun. Their implications for the Chinese entertainment industry and popular culture are also discussed.
Proteome Analysis of Metabolically EngineeredEscherichia coli Producing Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)

ABSTRACT Recombinant Escherichia coli strains harboring heterologous polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes were shown to accumulate unusually large amounts of PHA. In the present study, integrated cellular responses of metabolically engineered E. coli to the accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in the early stationary phase were analyzed at the protein level by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Out of 20 proteins showing altered expression levels with the accumulation of PHB, 13 proteins were identified with the aid of mass spectrometry. Three heat shock proteins, GroEL, GroES, and DnaK, were significantly up-regulated in PHB-accumulating cells. Proteins which play essential roles in protein biosynthesis were unfavorably influenced by the accumulation of PHB. Cellular demand for the large amount of acetyl coenzyme A and NADPH for the PHB biosynthesis resulted in the increased synthesis of two enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and one enzyme of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. The expression of the yfiD gene encoding a 14.3-kDa protein, which is known to be produced at low pH, was greatly induced with the accumulation of PHB. Therefore, it could be concluded that the accumulation of PHB in E. coli acted as a stress on the cells, which reduced the cells' ability to synthesize proteins and induced the expression of various protective proteins.
Towards run-time actor mapping of dynamic dataflow programs onto multi-core platforms

The emergence of massively parallel architectures, along with the necessity of new parallel programming models, has revived the interest on dataflow programming due to its ability to express concurrency. Although dynamic dataflow programming can be considered as a flexible approach for the development of scalable applications, there are still some open problems in concern of their execution. In this paper, we propose a low-cost mapping methodology to map dynamic dataflow programs over any multi-core platform. Our approach finds interesting mapping solutions in few milliseconds that makes it doable at regular time by translating it in an equivalent graph partitioning problem. Consequently, a good load balancing over the targeted platform can be maintained even with such unpredictable applications. We conduct experiments across three MPEG video decoders, including one based on the new High Efficiency Video Coding standard. Those dataflow-based video decoders are executed on two different platform: A desktop multi-core processor, and an embedded platform composed of interconnected and tiny Very Long Instruction Word - style processors. Our entire design flow is based on open-source tools. We present the influence of the number of processors on the performance and show that our method obtains a maximum decoding rate for 16 processors.
Comparison of the effect of Dexamethasone - Metoclopramide combination and ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal Anesthesia

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting is one of the complications of spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dexamethasone-metocloprmide with ondansetrone on preventing nausea and vomiting during spinal Anesthesia for cesarean section. Methods: In this study 212 pregnant women (17-45 years old) candidate for elective cesarean section with an ASA I-II were subjected to a randomized double blind clinical trial. Before spinal anesthesia was applied the first group received 8 milligram dexamethasone and 10 milligram metoclopramide intravenously, the second group received 8 milligram ondansetrone intravenously. Correspondence: Saeed Kashani, MD. Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Bandar Abbas, Iran Tel:+98 9177614110 Email: sdkashani468@gmail.com Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the demographic variables, and also heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures at before neuroaxial block and at 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after block. )P>0.05). The Apgar score between the two groups was significantly different at the first (P=0.028), fifth (P=0.001) and twentieth minute (P=0.019). The overall incidence of nausea was 11.3 with no significant difference between the groups (P=0.665). No patient in the dexamethasone-metocloprimde group experienced any vomiting and in the ondansetrone group only 5 patients (4.7) had vomiting (P>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of dexamethasone and metocloprimde is effective in preventing nausea and vomiting during cesarean section in women who have no other pregnancy related complications
The permanental process

We extend the boson process first to a large class of Cox processes and second to an even larger class of infinitely divisible point processes. Density and moment results are studied in detail. These results are obtained in closed form as weighted permanents, so the extension is called a permanental process. Temporal extensions and a particularly tractable case of the permanental process are also studied. Extensions of the fermion process along similar lines, leading to so-called determinantal processes, are discussed.
Characterization of Physical, Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated Biphenyl

Biphenyl is used as an intermediate for synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectroscopic and thermal properties of biphenyl. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated biphenyl were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and surface area analysis. The treated biphenyl showed decrease in intensity of XRD peaks as compared to control. Additionally, crystallite size was decreased in treated biphenyl by 16.82% with respect to control. The treated biphenyl (72.66oC) showed increase in melting temperature as compared to control biphenyl (70.52oC). However, the latent heat of fusion (∆H) of treated biphenyl was substantially changed by 18.75% as compared to control. Additionally, the treated biphenyl (155.14oC) showed alteration in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) as compared to control sample (160.97oC). This showed the alteration in thermal stability of treated biphenyl as compared to control. Spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR and UV-visible) showed no alteration in chemical nature of treated biphenyl with respect to control. Surface area analysis through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET) analyzer showed significant alteration in surface area as compared to control. Overall, the result demonstrated that biofield has substantially affected the physical and thermal nature of biphenyl.
Crowd-sourced Text Analysis: Reproducible and Agile Production of Political Data

Empirical social science often relies on data that are not observed in the field, but are transformed into quantitative variables by expert researchers who analyze and interpret qualitative raw sources. While generally considered the most valid way to produce data, this expert-driven process is inherently difficult to replicate or to assess on grounds of reliability. Using crowd-sourcing to distribute text for reading and interpretation by massive numbers of nonexperts, we generate results comparable to those using experts to read and interpret the same texts, but do so far more quickly and flexibly. Crucially, the data we collect can be reproduced and extended transparently, making crowd-sourced datasets intrinsically reproducible. This focuses researchers’ attention on the fundamental scientific objective of specifying reliable and replicable methods for collecting the data needed, rather than on the content of any particular dataset. We also show that our approach works straightforwardly with different types of political text, written in different languages. While findings reported here concern text analysis, they have far-reaching implications for expert-generated data in the social sciences.
Living in Two Neighborhoods - Social Interaction Effects in the Laboratory

Field evidence suggests that people belonging to the same group often behave similarly, i.e., behavior exhibits social interaction effects. We conduct a laboratory experiment that avoids the identification problem present in the field and allows us to study the behavioral logic of social interaction effects. Our novel design feature is that each subject is simultaneously a member of two randomly assigned and identical groups where only members (‘neighbors’) are different. We study behavior in a coordination game with multiple equilibria and a public goods game, which has only one equilibrium in material payoffs. We speak of social interactions if the same subject at the same time makes group-specific decisions that depend on their respective neighbors’ decisions. We find that a majority of subjects exhibits social interaction effects both when the game has multiple equilibria in material payoffs and when it only has one equilibrium.
Applicant and Examiner Citations in US Patents: An Overview and Analysis

Prior art patent citations have become a popular measure of patent quality and knowledge flow between firms. Interpreting these measurements is complicated, in some cases, because prior art citations are added by patent examiners as well as by patent applicants. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) adopted new reporting procedures in 2001, making it possible to measure examiner and applicant citations separately for the first time. We analyzed prior art citations listed in all U.S. patents granted in 2001-2003, and found that examiners played a significant role in identifying prior art, adding 63% of citations on the average patent, and all citations on 40% of patents granted. An analysis of variance found that firm-specific variables explain most of the variation in examiner-citation shares. Using multivariate regression, we found that foreign applicants to the USPTO had the highest proportion of citations added by examiners. High-volume patent applicants had a greater proportion of examiner citations, and a substantial number of firms won patents without listing a single applicant citation. In terms of technology, we found higher examiner shares among patents in electronics, communications, and computer-related fields. Taken together, our findings suggest that firm-level patenting practices, particularly among high-volume applicants, have a strong influence on citation data and merit additional research.
Drug Sensitivity of Methylnitrosourea-and l-( 2-Chloroethyl )-3-( fra / is-4-methylcyclohexyl )-l-nitrosourea-resistant L 1210 Lines 1

Drug sensitivity of methylnitrosourea (MM > and l-(2-chloroethyl)3-(rranj-4-methylcyclohexyl)-l-nitrosourea(MeCCNU)-resistantL1210 lines have been compared. In the production of the MeCCNU-resistant line full resistance to MeCCNU was obtained after 15 generations with a gradual increase of the treatment dose. Treatment of I 1210 with MM (40 mg/kg i.p. on days 1, 3, and 5) produced after five or more treatment generations a MNU-resistant subline with reduced tumor growth in the untreated controls. Therapeutic responses of 1.1210. L1210-MeCCNU and I 121(1-MM to MeCCNU, MM . cyclophosphamide, 2,2'-dichloroWV-methyldiethylamine hydrochloride, 1-0-D-arabinofuranosyIcytosine, methotrexate, and 6-mercaptopurine were compared in both min ami X-irradiated (400 R) mice. The LI210 and M 2III-MeÂ« M lines reacted similarly except that L1210-MeCCNU was resistant to Me CCNU and MNU. However, the L1210-MNU line differed greatly from the parent line. The survival times in nonirradiated mice were increased in all except the MNUand MeCCNU-treated groups, and in irradiated mice they were less than 30 days and only cyclophosphamide and 2,2'dichloro-yV-methyldiethylamine hydrochloride caused long-term survi vors. The different behavior of I I 210 MM and I 12IO MiÂ« M is apparently due to the fact that at maximum tolerated doses the monofunctional alkylating agent MNU is more mutagenic than the bifunctional MeCCNU. Antigenic change and loss of growth potential presumably are the reasons for the different sensitivity of L1210-MNU as indicated by tests in X-irradiated and nude mice. Apparently this host-related sensitivity is not directly related to the development of drug resistance.
Connective stability analysis for a class of pseudo-linear interconnected swarm systems

This paper considers the connective stability of the interconnected swarm systems which are under the M-matrix conditions. A connective stability criterion for a class of pseudo-linear interconnected swarm systems is presented by finding the sum of weighted Lyapunov function for the interconnected subsystems. Simultaneously an example has been given to illustrate that the connective stability criterion can simplify the process of the stable analysis for this class of interconnected swarm systems, reduce the computational load, and be suitable for practical applications.
Graphical models for driver behavior recognition in a SmartCar

In this paper we describe our SmartCar testbed: a real-time data acquisition system and a machine learning framework for modeling and recognizing driver maneuvers at a tactical level, with special emphasis on how the context affects the driver's performance. The perceptual input is multimodal: four video signals capture the contextual traffic, the driver's head and the driver's viewpoint; and a real-time data acquisition system records the car's brake, gear, steering wheel angle, speed and acceleration throttle signals. Over 70 drivers have driven the SmartCar for 1.25 hours in the greater Boston area. Graphical models, HMM and coupled HMM, have been trained using the experiment driving data to create models of seven different driver maneuvers: passing, changing lanes right and left, turning right and left, starting and stopping. We show that, on average, the predictive power of our models is of 1 second before the maneuver starts taking place. Therefore, these models would be essential to facilitate operating mode transitions between driver and driver assistance systems, to prevent potential dangerous situations and to create more realistic automated cars in car simulators.
What Is Called Self in Educational Research and Practice?

ABSTRACT Without a contextualized definition of self, a growing body of educational research in Asian countries attempts to measure students’ sense of self, such as self-esteem. The research is usually based on theories and measurements that characterize students as conscious and independent selves in an individualist society. This sharply contrasts with the interdependent and unconscious sense of self in a collectivist society. To avoid a misleading assessment of self, researchers and policy makers need to know how students develop a self-construal in a sociocultural context. Therefore, this review of the cultural differences aims to provide a multifaceted definition of self.
Intent to Persist in College Freshmen: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Mentorship

Abstract:We surveyed 237 first-time college students to examine the extent to which social-cognitive factors—self-efficacy, perceptions of mentorship, high school GPA, ACT scores, first-semester college GPA, and demographic characteristics—influence freshmen’s intent to persist. Standard multiple regression and MANOVA were conducted to determine the influence of the selected characteristics on intended persistence. The findings show that college self-efficacy and perceptions of mentorship were the strongest predictors for intentions to persist past the first college semester, whereas ACT, GPA and socioeconomic status did not predict intent to persist. Implications for freshmen retention at 4-year institutions and directions for future research are discussed.
Why Are Social Networking Applications Successful: An Empirical Study Of Twitter

Social networking applications (SNAs) are among the fastest growing web applications of recent years. In this paper, we propose a causal model to assess the success of SNAs, grounded on DeLone and McLean’s updated information system (IS) success model. In addition to their original three dimensions of quality, i.e., system quality, information quality and service quality, we propose that a fourth dimension – networking quality – contributes to SNA success. We empirically examined the proposed research model with a survey of 139 Twitter users. The data validates the significant role of networking quality in determining the focal SNA’s success. This study also highlights the overwhelming impact of networking quality on user satisfaction compared to the influence from information quality and service quality. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.