Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘I See You on My Radar’: Displays of the Confirmatory Form in Maritime Technologically Mediated Interaction

This article investigates how speakers in maritime technologically mediated interaction utilize pre-scripted interaction. The analysis uses micro-analytical methods that have not been used in the analysis of maritime interactions since the study by Bailey et al. (2006). In contrast to Bailey et al. (2006) who have analysed interactions between co-located speakers on board ships, this article analyses interactions between speakers who are not co-located. Micro-analytical methods can shed light on sense-making practices that speakers display in pre-scripted user-device interaction as pointed out by Arminen (2005). The article advances the observations of Bailey et al. (2006) regarding the ‘confirmatory form’ that they found predominant in co-located bridge team interaction. A ‘confirmatory form’ is a speaker display of the pre-script 1 called a ‘readback’ (IMO SMCP, 2001), that speakers show when verifying information. The analysis shows that the structure of the ‘readback’ is used by speakers, is dependent on reflexive user-device interaction and involves a situated rule-following (Wittgenstein, 1958). The article then argues against the findings in The MARCOM Project (1999) that advocates that spoken interaction should be done away with completely as a way of promoting safe navigation, and concurs with studies in aviation research, that show how verbal interaction is an essential part of the situated understanding that takes place when performing institutional tasks (Sanne, 2003; Nevile, 2004a; Falzon, 2008, 2009).
Some Bound State Problems in Quantum Mechanics

Thread is treated continuously and effectively with a liquid by passing the thread through a passage of tunnel-like treating device which is arranged alone or in series along a thread passage between one pair of thread delivery rolls, which device comprises a pair of plates, each having on its mutually facing inner surface a plurality of protrusions and grooves, forming the passage therebetween and having one or more inlets for sending the liquid pressurizedly therethrough that are located on the back of the plate. The treating liquid flows through the tunnel-like device, forming vortices in the grooves between the protrusions and thus the vortices contacting with thread accelerate treatment of the thread passing through the passage.
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India

In recent decades, there has been a tendency toward increased summer floods in south China, increased drought in north China, and moderate cooling in China and India while most of the world has been warming. We used a global climate model to investigate possible aerosol contributions to these trends. We found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts. Absorbing aerosols heat the air, alter regional atmospheric stability and vertical motions, and affect the largescale circulation and hydrologic cycle with significant regional climate effects.
Regulation of Pancreatic Beta Cell Stimulus-Secretion Coupling by microRNAs

Increased blood glucose after a meal is countered by the subsequent increased release of the hypoglycemic hormone insulin from the pancreatic beta cells. The cascade of molecular events encompassing the initial sensing and transport of glucose into the beta cell, culminating with the exocytosis of the insulin large dense core granules (LDCVs) is termed “stimulus-secretion coupling. ” Impairment in any of the relevant processes leads to insufficient insulin release, which contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The fate of the beta cell, when exposed to environmental triggers of the disease, is determined by the possibility to adapt to the new situation by regulation of gene expression. As established factors of post-transcriptional regulation, microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-recognized mediators of beta cell plasticity and adaptation. Here, we put focus on the importance of comprehending the transcriptional regulation of miRNAs, and how miRNAs are implicated in stimulus-secretion coupling, specifically those influencing the late stages of insulin secretion. We suggest that efficient beta cell adaptation requires an optimal balance between transcriptional regulation of miRNAs themselves, and miRNA-dependent gene regulation. The increased knowledge of the beta cell transcriptional network inclusive of non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs is essential in identifying novel targets for the treatment of T2D.
A framework for identifying and promoting metacognitive knowledge and control in online discussants

The effectiveness of computer-based learning environments depends on learners’ deployment of metacognitive and self-regulatory processes. Analysis of transmitted messages in a context of Computer Mediated Communication can provide a source of information on metacognitive activity. However, existing models or frameworks (e.g., Henri, 1992) that support the identification and assessment of metacognition have been described as subjective, lacking in clear criteria, and unreliable in contexts of scoring. This paper develops a framework that might be used by researchers analysing transcripts of discussions for evidence of engagement in metacognition, by instructors assessing learners’ participation in online discussions or by designers setting up metacognitive experiences for learners. Resume : L’efficacite des environnements d’apprentissage assistes par ordinateur repose sur l’utilisation de processus de metacognition et d’autoregulation par les apprenants. L’analyse de messages transmis dans un contexte de communication assistee par ordinateur peut constituer une source d’information sur l’activite metacognitive. Cependant, les modeles et cadres existants (p. ex. Henri, 1992) qui permettent la reconnaissance et l’evaluation de la metacognition ont ete decrits comme subjectifs, depourvus de criteres clairs et peu fiables dans des contextes de notation. Cet article decrit un cadre qui pourrait etre utilise par les chercheurs qui analysent les transcriptions de discussions a la recherche de preuves d’engagement metacognitif, par les instructeurs qui procedent a l’evaluation de la participation des apprenants a des discussions en ligne ou par les concepteurs qui elaborent des experiences metacognitives pour les apprenants.
The Mass Inflow Rate in the Barred Galaxy NGC 1530

Mass inflow in barred galaxies has been invoked to account for a wide variety of phenomena, but until now direct evidence for inflow has been lacking. We present Fabry-Perot Hα observations of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1530, from which we determine velocities of the ionized gas for the entire region swept by the bar. We compare the velocity field to models of gas flow in barred spirals and show that it is well reproduced by ideal gas hydrodynamic models. Inspection of the models and observations reveals that gas entering the bar dust lanes streams directly down the dust lanes toward the 2 kpc radius nuclear ring. The models predict that approximately 20% of the gas flowing down the dust lane enters the nuclear ring; the remaining gas sprays around the ring to the other bar dust lane. The fraction of the gas entering the ring is relatively insensitive to the shape or size of the bar. Our observations of the velocity field and dust optical depth yield a mass inflow rate into the nuclear ring of 1 M☉ yr-1.
Forecasting Time Series Subject to Multiple Structural Breaks

This paper provides a novel approach to forecasting time series subject to discrete structural breaks. We propose a Bayesian estimation and prediction procedure that allows for the possibility of new breaks over the forecast horizon, taking account of the size and duration of past breaks (if any) by means of a hierarchical hidden Markov chain model. Predictions are formed by integrating over the hyper parameters from the meta distributions that characterize the stochastic break point process. In an application to US Treasury bill rates, we find that the method leads to better out-of-sample forecasts than alternative methods that ignore breaks, particularly at long horizons.
A Political History of NASA's Space Shuttle: The Development Years, 1972–1982

To assert that the Space Shuttle was influenced by politics is perhaps neither remarkable, nor controversial. Roland (1985), Logsdon (1986) and Heppenheimer (1999), among many others, have all documented how the Shuttle’s design is the result of political compromise born out of a series of lengthy debates that raged both between and within NASA, the White House, Congress, the Department of Defense (DOD) and other branches of the Federal bureaucracy from 1968 to the end of 1971. In the main, these debates have served as the foci for analysis on the politics of the Shuttle. Yet the politics that result in the construction of the Shuttle (both as a thing and as a representation) go far beyond the 1968–1971 design phase and in many respects continue today. In this account, I concentrate on some aspects of Shuttle politics during what might loosely be called the development phase (1972–1982). While Diane Vaughn’s (1996) seminal work has done much to dispel the idea that the Challenger accident was the result of organizational deviance, with the loss of Columbia there was a re-emergence of the idea that both accidents were the result of flawed design, which resulted from political interference during 1969–71. At best, such commentary assumed that the technological and the political become separated once development of the technology begins – that the project embarks on a natural technological trajectory (Dosi, 1982) – at worse, this mode of thinking places politics on the outside where it is seen to impinge on and is deemed detrimental to technological progress. Thus, technological failure is often articulated in terms of the dichotomy between technical and political decisions, between objectivity and interests, where political compromise diverts value-free technological progress. The history and sociology of technology has long shown that interests, dispute, controversy, negotiation, and compromise (ie politics) are a normal part of technology building (eg MacKenzie, 1993). Political interests are never absent from technological production, but intrinsic to it (Barnes, 1977). Technology can thus be seen as a negotiated space where actors play out their own agendas. Technological projects require assemblages of people and things to bring them into existence, to negotiate their meaning, purpose and functioning. In this chapter I will survey a gather-
Assessing disutility associated with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular oedema and associated visual impairment using the Vision and Quality of Life Index

Background: Use of generic multi‐attribute utility instruments (MAUI) to assess the impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) has produced inconsistent findings. Therefore, we assessed the impact of DR, diabetic macular oedema (DME) and associated visual impairment on vision‐related QoL (VRQoL) using a vision‐specific MAUI.
Perceptions of wine quality

The term ‘quality’ is regularly used by those who produce, promote and consume wine. However, the nature and features of wine quality are rarely explained. This study was designed to explore what drinkers consider to be the nature of wine quality and what they believe its features to be. Focus groups and individual and small group interviews were used to explore the conceptualisation and dimensions of wine quality, how that quality is assessed, and what its relevance may be. There were 105 informants, sourced from three states across Australia primarily by utilising friends and acquaintances of the researcher. Informants included consumers with a wide background of consumption practices and involvement levels, and also producers and those involved generally in the marketing, selling and promotion of wine. The study viewed wine as an aesthetic or quasi-aesthetic object and therefore also investigated drinkers’ more general perceptions of the links between wine and other aesthetic products, placing the understanding of quality within that context. The findings of the study suggest that different types of drinkers have different conceptualisations of quality. Drinkers tend to view quality multidimensionally, offering varying ‘dimensions’. These dimensions may be intrinsic or (occasionally) extrinsic to the product in the glass. Additionally the dimensions operate either ‘catalytically’ (to stimulate a quality engagement with the product) or terminally (the end result of a quality engagement – critically pleasure and enjoyment). Drinkers also approach the evaluation of wine in diverse psychophysical ways. A key factor in the overall disparity of approach appears to be the drinker’s level of involvement with the product and it is suggested that involvement level has an impact on how the drinker conceives quality, understands its dimensions and approaches its evaluation. Quality is perceived by drinkers to link closely to various correlates (including, crucially, cues and situation). Quality is treated as an experiential, evaluative engagement with the product. The study develops the theoretical understanding of quality by linking current
Effect of feeding tuna oil or soyabean oil as supplements to sows in late pregnancy on piglet tissue composition and viability

To investigate whether long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could cross the porcine placenta in late pregnancy and alter neonatal piglet tissue composition, multiparous sows (seven per diet) were fed on diets containing a supplement (30 g/kg) of either soyabean oil or tuna oil for the last 21 d of pregnancy and the first 7 d of lactation. The proportions of all fatty acids, except 18:1n-7, differed between diets: in particular, the tuna-oil-containing diet supplied more 22:6n-3 and less 18:2n-6 fatty acids than the soyabean-oil-containing diet. The proportions of n-3 fatty acids, particularly 22:6n-3 (g/100 g total fatty acids) in sow plasma, colostrum and milk were increased and the proportion of 18:2n-6 was decreased by feeding tuna oil. Piglet tissue n-3 fatty acid proportions (particularly 22:6n-3), obtained shortly after birth, were increased in piglets born to tuna-oil-fed sows compared with progeny of soyabean-oil-fed sows. The increase in the proportion of n-3 fatty acids (g/100 g total fatty acids) in piglet tissues as a result of tuna-oil feeding, compared with soyabean-oil-feeding, was in the order plasma>liver>erythrocytes>spleen>brain>retina. Piglets born to tuna-oil-fed sows had a lower viability score at birth than the progeny of soyabean-oil-fed sows. The proportions of long-chain n-3 fatty acid in tissues of new-born piglets were increased by feeding tuna oil to the sow in late pregnancy; however no improvements in piglet viability were observed.
Development of Salivary Cortisol Circadian Rhythm and Reference Intervals in Full-Term Infants

Background Cortisol concentrations in plasma display a circadian rhythm in adults and children older than one year. Earlier studies report divergent results regarding when cortisol circadian rhythm is established. The present study aims to investigate at what age infants develop a circadian rhythm, as well as the possible influences of behavioral regularity and daily life trauma on when the rhythm is established. Furthermore, we determine age-related reference intervals for cortisol concentrations in saliva during the first year of life. Methods 130 healthy full-term infants were included in a prospective, longitudinal study with saliva sampling on two consecutive days, in the morning (07:30-09:30), noon (10:00-12:00) and evening (19:30-21:30), each month from birth until the infant was twelve months old. Information about development of behavioral regularity and potential exposure to trauma was obtained from the parents through the Baby Behavior Questionnaire and the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events checklist. Results A significant group-level circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol secretion was established at one month, and remained throughout the first year of life, although there was considerable individual variability. No correlation was found between development of cortisol circadian rhythm and the results from either the Baby Behavior Questionnaire or the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events checklist. The study presents salivary cortisol reference intervals for infants during the first twelve months of life. Conclusions Cortisol circadian rhythm in infants is already established by one month of age, earlier than previous studies have shown. The current study also provides first year age-related reference intervals for salivary cortisol levels in healthy, full-term infants.
A Longitudinal Investigation of Coping Processes During a Merger: Implications for Job Satisfaction and Organizational Identification

This study tested the utility of a stress and coping model of employee adjustment to a merger. Two hundred and twenty employees completed both questionnaires (Time 1: 3 months after merger implementation; Time 2: 2 years later). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that positive event characteristics predicted greater appraisals of self-efficacy and less stress at Time 1. Self-efficacy, in turn, predicted greater use of problem-focused coping at Time 2, whereas stress predicted a greater use of problem-focused and avoidance coping. Finally, problem-focused coping predicted higher levels of job satisfaction and identification with the merged organization (Time 2), whereas avoidance coping predicted lower identification.
Day-long Subcutaneous Infusion of Exenatide Lowers Glycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Exenatide (exendin-4) is an incretin mimetic with potential antidiabetic activity. This study examined the effects of a continuous subcutaneous (SC) infusion of exenatide (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 microg/kg/day) or placebo (PBO) on glycemic control over 23 h intervals. Twelve subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and/or diet received 10 infusions (4 exenatide, 6 PBO) on consecutive days. Exenatide was given in a dose-increasing design with at least one placebo infusion between each exenatide infusion, and with meals and a snack provided during the first 14 h of infusion. Plasma exenatide concentrations were dose-proportional. Plasma glucose (4-23 h) was lower in all exenatide arms compared to placebo (p<0.0001). The change in insulin/glucagon ratio and amylin concentrations from pre-infusion to post-infusion was increased (p<0.005, p<0.05, respectively) in the combined exenatide arms, but remained unchanged in the placebo groups. Nausea and vomiting were the most common treatment emergent adverse events. Exenatide infusion also appeared to have positive effects on beta-cell and alpha-cell function as measured by proinsulin/insulin ratios and mean glucagon concentrations. In summary, exenatide lowered plasma glucose during both prandial and fasting states when delivered as a continuous SC infusion over twenty-three hours, suggesting that exenatide can provide day-long glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Evaluation of the healing process after dural reconstruction achieved using a free fascial graft.

OBJECT This study was undertaken to investigate the healing process and to delineate factors important for the survival of free fascial grafts used for dural repair. METHODS A dural defect was created in guinea pigs and then reconstructed using either a free fascial graft or an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sheet. The fascial graft was covered directly by subcutaneous tissue (Group I) or by a silicone sheet to prevent tissue ingrowth from the subcutaneous tissue (Group II). The ePTFE sheet was covered with a silicone sheet (Group III). One or 2 weeks postoperatively, the strength of the dural repair was evaluated by determining the pressure at which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaked through the wound margins. The dural repair was also histologically examined. In addition, using a rat model, specimens obtained from similar reconstruction sites were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor, or transforming growth factor-beta. The pressures at which CSF leaked after 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, were 50 +/- 14 mm Hg and 126 +/- 20 mm Hg in Group I, 70 +/- 16 mm Hg and 101 +/- 38 mm Hg in Group II, and 0 mm Hg and 8 +/- 8 mm Hg in Group III. Failure of repairs made in Group III occurred at significantly lower pressures when compared with Groups I and II. In Groups I and II, a thick fibrous tissue formed around the fascial graft. This tissue tightly adhered to adjacent dura mater. The fibrous tissue displayed a positive reaction for the presence of bFGF. In Group III, only a thin fibrous membrane surrounded the ePTFE sheet. CONCLUSIONS Fascial grafts tolerated extraordinary intracranial pressures at 1 week postoperatively. Free fascial grafts can heal with durable fibrous tissue without the presence of a blood supply from an overlying vascularized flap.
Design and evaluation of a system for mesh-based P2P live video streaming

This paper introduces StreamComplete, a new architecture and prototype system for mesh-based P2P live video streaming; it realizes a new concept of overlay network's management as well as merges the best practices of treeand mesh-based approaches. StreamComplete creates a dynamic overlay network that optimizes itself on the basis of local conditions of peers. We have extensively evaluated the performance and the behavior of StreamComplete over the PlanetLab. Our experiments demonstrate the ability of peers in managing the overlay network with autonomic behavior in case of network changes. Furthermore the system is scalable w.r. t. the cardinality of the overlay network, by requiring very few control traffic.
Epidemiology of Bacteremia in Febrile Infants in the United States

BACKGROUND: Fever in infants is a common clinical dilemma. The objective of this study was to present data from hospital systems across the northeast, southeast, mid-west, and western United States to identify the pathogens causing bacteremia in febrile infants admitted to general care units. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of positive blood culture results in febrile infants aged ≤90 days admitted to a general care unit across 6 hospital systems. Data were collected from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2012 from emergency departments and general inpatient units. Cultures from ICUs, central lines, or infants who had complex comorbidities were excluded, as were repeat cultures positive for the same bacteria. Common contaminants were considered pathogens if they were treated as such. RESULTS: We identified 181 cases of bacteremia in 177 infants. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (42%), followed by group B Streptococcus (23%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was more likely in older infants (P = .01). Non-low-risk bacteremic infants were more likely to have E coli or group B Streptococcus than low-risk bacteremic infants. We identified no cases of Listeria monocytogenes. Variation between sites was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest and most geographically diverse study to date examining the epidemiology of bacteremia in infants. We suggest E coli is the most common cause of bacteremia in previously healthy febrile infants admitted to a general inpatient unit. We identified no cases of L monocytogenes and question whether empirical therapy remains necessary for this pathogen.