Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-WIMP user interfaces

characterized by four distinguishable interface styles, each lasting for many years and optimized to the hardware available at the time. In the first period, the early 1950s and 1960s, computers were used in batch mode with punched-card input and line-printer output; there were essentially no user interfaces because there were no interactive users (although some of us were privileged to be able to do console debugging using switches and lights as our “user interface”). The second period in the evolution of interfaces (early 1960s through early 1980s) was the era of timesharing on mainframes and minicomputers using mechanical or “glass” teletypes (alphanumeric displays), when for the first time users could interact with the computer by typing in commands with parameters. Note that this era persisted even through the age of personal microcomputers with such operating systems as DOS and Unix with their command line shells. During the 1970s, timesharing and manual command lines remained deeply entrenched, but at Xerox PARC the third age of user interfaces dawned. Raster graphics-based networked workstations and “pointand-click” WIMP GUIs (graphical user interfaces based on windows, icons, menus, and a pointing device, typically a mouse) are the legacy of Xerox PARC that we’re still using today. WIMP GUIs were popularized by the Macintosh in 1984 and later copied by Windows on the PC and Motif on Unix workstations. Applications today have much the same look and feel as the early desktop applications (except for the increased “realism” achieved through the use of drop shadows for buttons and other UI widgets); the main advance lies in the shift from monochrome displays to color and in a large set of software-engineering tools for building WIMP interfaces. I find it rather surprising that the third generation of WIMP user interfaces has been so dominant for more than two decades; they are apparently sufficiently good for conventional desktop tasks that the field is stuck comfortably in a rut. I argue in this essay that the status quo does not suffice—that the newer forms of computing and computing devices available today necessitate new thinking t h e h u m a n c o n n e c t i o n Andries van Dam
The Construct of Creativity: Structural Model for Self‐Reported Creativity Ratings

Several thousand subjects completed self-report questionnaires about their own creativity in 56 discrete domains. This sample was then randomly divided into three subsamples that were subject to factor analyses that compared an oblique model (with a set of correlated factors) and a hierarchical model (with a single second-order, or hierarchical, factor subsuming all of the first order factors). After model refinement, both models were then tested on a confirmation sample. The hierarchical model had a better fit with the data than the oblique model, providing support for theories that have proposed a hierarchical structure to creativity, such as the Amusement Park Theoretical Model. The analysis provided evidence of both an over-arching general factor and seven more specific General Thematic Areas of creative performance (Artistic-Verbal, Artistic-Visual, Entrepreneur, Interpersonal, Math/Science, Performance, and Problem-Solving).
The Interactive Effects of Social Dominance Orientation, Group Status, and Perceived Stability on Favoritism for High-Status Groups

Two studies examined the interactive effects of social dominance orientation (SDO), group status, and perceived stability on various manifestations of favoritism for high-status groups: (1) an analysis of survey data from a sample of UCLA students, and (2) an analogous experimental study using a modified version of the minimal-group paradigm. Results of these studies offered general support for the hypothesis that high-SDO members of low-status groups would only favor high-status groups when the system of hierarchy was perceived to be stable (i.e. impervious to change), although findings were somewhat less clear-cut in the experimental study. Implications for social dominance theory and other theories of intergroup behavior are discussed.
THE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT STUDY IN WRITING: ANALYSIS OF THE SAT® II: WRITING SUBJECT TEST

This study examined the SAT® II: Writing Subject Test as a predictor of writing performance in college English courses. Writing performance was based on eight writing samples submitted as part of regular course work by students in eight colleges. The samples consisted of drafts and final papers submitted in response to four take-home writing assignments. The samples submitted were evaluated by 20 experienced readers of student writing using a common scoring scale. Each sample was read and scored independently by two different readers. In addition to this writing performance criterion, two supplemental criteria were used: English course grades and students' self-assessments of their own writing ability and experience. In evaluating the SAT II: Writing Test as a predictor of these three criteria, special attention was given to comparisons of the predictive effectiveness of the essay and multiple-choice components of the test. It was concluded that both components were good predictors of the three criteria; however, the 40-minute multiple-choice component tended to produce higher predictive correlations than the 20-minute essay component. The best predictions were obtained when the two components were combined.
Until the Bitter End: On Prospect Theory in a Dynamic Context

We provide a result on prospect theory decision makers who are naive about the time inconsistency induced by probability weighting. If a market offers a sufficiently rich set of investment strategies, investors postpone their trading decisions indefinitely due to a strong preference for skewness. We conclude that probability weighting in combination with naivete leads to unrealistic predictions for a wide range of dynamic setups. (JEL D81, G02, G11)
A review and critique of content analysis as a methodology for inquiring into IC disclosure

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the current status of content analysis (CA) as a research method for inquiring into intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) to determine if CA has a continued role to play in developing new intellectual capital (IC) knowledge. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 110 articles utilising CA as a research methodology for inquiring into ICD are analysed. The research is developed in line with other articles critically investigating IC research conducted by Guthrie et al. (2012), Dumay and Garanina (2013) and Dumay (2014). To help understand the impact of CA research articles, the data set is supplemented by including citation data from Google Scholar. The authors also differentiate the paper from other IC research reviews by critically examining the findings and implications of the articles analysed. Findings – The authors do not hold a very positive view on future research which does not substantially depart from the plethora of articles examining .
Determinants of the effects of physical training and of the complications requiring resuscitation during exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease

Background Benefits of cardiac rehabilitation with exercise therapy are well-established, although individual reactions are heterogeneous. The identification of determinants of training effects is useful from a prognostic point of view, but data regarding this are scarce. Furthermore, limited data exist on the determinants of complications during exercise in cardiac patients. This study aimed to investigate the determinants (1) of training effects in cardiac rehabilitation and (2) of complications requiring resuscitation during exercise activities at the hospital and during continued exercise at a sports club for cardiac patients. Design Clinical association study. Methods Determinants of changes in peak oxygen uptake (VO2) after 3 months of cardiac rehabilitation were determined by multiple regression analysis (n = 1909). Determinants of events requiring resuscitation (n = 21) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results Improvements in peak VO2 and exercise duration averaged 26%. Eighteen per cent of the variance in absolute improvements of peak VO2 was explained, with age and training characteristics as the strongest determinants. Twenty-one per cent of the variation in relative improvements was explained, with baseline exercise performance and training characteristics being the strongest determinants. The intake of anti-arrhythmics (odds ratio = 5.5; P<0.001) and the presence of ST-segment depression (> 1 mm) at baseline exercise testing (odds ratio = 1.6; P< 0.001) were predictive for serious complications. The occurrence of events requiring resuscitation was higher at the sports club (1/16 533 versus 1/29 214 patient-hours). Conclusions Age, baseline exercise performance and training characteristics were predictive for training effects in cardiac rehabilitation. Anti-arrhythmics and ST-segment depression at baseline exercise testing were predictive for complications.
PET for the evaluation of pleural thickening observed on CT.

UNLABELLED Early discrimination between benign and malignant pleural diseases is vital for the treatment and prognosis of a patient. Imaging is traditionally performed with CT or MRI, with an accuracy of 50%-75%. PET has proven to be superior as a diagnostic tool in several malignancies. In this prospective study, PET results in patients with pleural abnormalities on CT were compared with histologic results. METHODS Eligible patients had pleural thickening on CT and were medically fit for surgical diagnostic procedures. All patients underwent PET. Qualitative assessment led to a PET score of 1 (definitely normal), 2 (probably normal), 3 (probably abnormal), or 4 (definitely abnormal). PET scores of 1 or 2 indicated a negative PET finding, whereas PET scores of 3 or 4 indicated a positive PET finding. Pathologic verification techniques included thoracocentesis, thoracoscopy, or open pleural biopsy at thoracotomy. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were enrolled, 19 with malignant and 13 with benign pleural disease. PET was true positive in 18 and true negative in 12 patients, with an accuracy and negative predictive value of 94% and 92%, respectively. PET was false negative in a patient with a slowly growing malignant solitary fibrous tumor and false positive in a patient with infectious pleuritis. Median standardized uptake values calculated for 7 patients with malignant and benign pleural diseases were 6.28 and 1.69, respectively. Patients with a PET score of 1 or 2 survived significantly longer than patients with a PET score of 3 or 4. CONCLUSION Qualitative assessment of pleural thickening with PET accurately discriminates between malignant and benign pleural thickening, with a high accuracy and negative predictive value.
Robust Equilibrium Yield Curves ( Job Market Paper )

This paper studies the quantitative implications of the interaction between robust control and stochastic volatility for key asset pricing phenomena. We present an equilibrium term structure model in which output growth is conditionally heteroskedastic. The agent does not know the true model of the economy and chooses optimal policies that are robust to model misspeci cation. The choice of robust policies greatly ampli es the e¤ect of conditional heteroskedasticity in consumption growth, improving the models ability to explain asset prices. In a robust control framework, stochastic volatility in consumption growth generates both a state-dependent market price of model uncertainty and a stochastic market price of risk. We estimate the model using data from the bond and equity markets, as well as consumption data. We show that the model is consistent with key empirical regularities that characterize the bond and equity markets. We also characterize empirically the set of models the robust representative agent entertains, and show that this set is small. In other words, it is statistically di¢ cult to distinguish between models in this set. JEL classi cation: D81, E43, G11, G12
Move Over Daniel

Professor Flinders makes a strong case that our obsession with accountability has turned “problematic” and even “pathological”. While agreeing with the gist of the argument, I contend that the essence of the problem is more ontological than political. What we require is a radical “reframing” that highlights the pervasive role accountability relationships play in governance— that is, an approach that would shift attention to the alteration of ongoing governance arrangements and relationships that occurs with each reformist effort to “enhance” or “improve” accountability. Governance takes place within accountability spaces, and we need to give priority to research that maps that space as a first step toward understanding the nature and potential of accountable governance.
Joint Downlink Cell Association and Bandwidth Allocation for Wireless Backhauling in Two-Tier HetNets With Large-Scale Antenna Arrays

The problem of joint downlink cell association (CA) and wireless backhaul bandwidth allocation (WBBA) in two-tier cellular heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is investigated. Large-scale antenna array is implemented at the macro base station (BS), while the small cells within the macro cell range are single-antenna BSs and they rely on over-the-air links to the macro BS for backhauling. A sum logarithmic user rate maximization problem is studied under the wireless backhaul constraints. Duplex and spectrum sharing with co-channel reverse time-division duplex (TDD) and dynamic soft frequency reuse is considered for interference management in the two-tier HetNet employing large-scale antenna arrays at the macro BS and wireless backhauling for small cells. Two in-band WBBA scenarios, namely, unified bandwidth allocation and per-small-cell bandwidth allocation, are investigated for joint CA-WBBA in the HetNet. A two-level hierarchical decomposition method for relaxed optimization is employed to solve the mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP). Solutions based on the General Algorithm Modeling System (GAMS) optimization solver and fast heuristics are also proposed for cell association in the per-small-cell WBBA scenario. It is shown that when all small cells have to use in-band wireless backhaul, the system load has more impact on both the sum logarithmic rate and per-user rate performance than the number of small cells deployed within the macro cell range. The proposed joint CA-WBBA algorithms have an optimal load approximately equal to the size of the large-scale antenna array at the macro BS. The cell range expansion (CRE) strategy, which is an efficient cell association scheme for HetNets with ideal backhauling, is shown to be inefficient when in-band wireless backhauling for small cells comes into play.
On Reward Function for Survival

Obtaining a survival strategy (policy) is one of the fundamental problems of biological agents. In this paper, we generalize the formulation of previous research related to the survival of an agent and we formulate the survival problem as a maximization of the multi-step survival probability in future time steps. We introduce a method for converting the maximization of multi-step survival probability into a classical reinforcement learning problem. Using this conversion, the reward function (negative temporal cost function) is expressed as the log of the temporal survival probability. And we show that the objective function of the reinforcement learning in this sense is proportional to the variational lower bound of the original problem. Finally, We empirically demonstrate that the agent learns survival behavior by using the reward function introduced in this paper.
Mel-Spectrographic Mask Estimation for Missing Data Speech Recognition using Short-Time-Fourier-Transform Ratio Estimators

This paper adopts the framework of DUET, a recently proposed blind source separation (BSS) method, for speech recognition. Based on the attenuation and delay estimation in stereo signals spectrographic masks are designed to extract a target speaker from a mixture containing multiple speech sources. Instead of using these masks for resynthesis we avoid source reconstruction and propose to combine the source separation with a missing data speech recognizer. The obtained results for connected digit experiments in a multi-speaker environment demonstrate the validity of the approach.
CEO VALUE DESTRUCTION IN M&A DEALS AND BEYOND

We extend the original work of Malmendier and Tate (2008) to cover the full spectrums of firm size, and a recent time period that includes the 1998-2001 merger wave. In particular, we explore the impact of target firm CEO overconfidence on firm M&A performance and the general impact of CEO overconfidence on firm long run post-M&A stock returns. We also examine the differential impact of CEO overconfidence on M&A decision making and performance in large and small firms. We work with a new measure of CEO overconfidence derived directly from CEO discourses in addition to option-exercise based proxy and CEO media portrayal measure. In parallel with Malmendier and Tate (2008), we find evidence that overconfident CEOs are more likely to conduct mergers and acquisitions than other CEOs and that the market reacts negatively to the announcement of an M&A deal by an overconfident CEO. In addition, we show that CEO overconfidence has a negative impact on firm long run post-M&A returns. Importantly, our results suggest that target firm CEO overconfidence equally negatively affects acquiring firm deal announcement returns, and this negative impact is strongest when both acquiring firm and target firm CEO overconfidence coexist concurrently, which may shed light on the overbidding problem. We also find that the positive link between CEO overconfidence and the likelihood of a deal is stronger, and the impact of CEO overconfidence on firm M&A performance is more negative, both on announcement and in the longer run in large firms than that in smaller firms as the opportunity for value destruction is greater. Finally, our results suggest that the impact of CEO overconfidence on firm M&A announcement and long run post-M&A performance is stronger during the recent merger wave, which provides an alternative explanation for the associated high levels of value destruction.
Standalone Literature Reviews in IS Research: What Can Be Learnt From the Past and Other Fields?

Literature reviews (LRs) are recognized for their increasing impact in the information systems literature. Methodologists have drawn attention to the question of how we can leverage the value of LRs to preserve and generate knowledge. The panelists who participated in the discussion of ? Standalone Literature Reviews in IS Research: What Can Be Learnt from the Past and Other Fields? at ICIS 2016 in Dublin acknowledged this significant issue and debated a) what the IS field can learn from other fields and where IS-specific challenges occur, b) how the IS field should move forward to foster the genre of LRs, and c) what best practices are to train doctoral IS students in publishing LRs. This article reports the key takeaways of this panel discussion. Guidance for IS scholars is provided on how to conduct LRs that contribute to the cumulative knowledge development within and across the IS field to best prepare the next generation of IS scholars.
Dopaminergic Role in Stimulant-Induced Wakefulness

The role of dopamine in sleep regulation and in mediating the effects of wake-promoting therapeutics is controversial. In this study, polygraphic recordings and caudate microdialysate dopamine measurements in narcoleptic dogs revealed that the wake-promoting antinarcoleptic compounds modafinil and amphetamine increase extracellular dopamine in a hypocretin receptor 2-independent manner. In mice, deletion of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene reduced non-rapid eye movement sleep time and increased wakefulness consolidation independently from locomotor effects. DAT knock-out mice were also unresponsive to the normally robust wake-promoting action of modafinil, methamphetamine, and the selective DAT blocker GBR12909 but were hypersensitive to the wake-promoting effects of caffeine. Thus, dopamine transporters play an important role in sleep regulation and are necessary for the specific wake-promoting action of amphetamines and modafinil.
Multi-keyword spotting of telephone speech using orthogonal transform-based SBR and RNN prosodic model

In this paper, orthogonal transform-based signal bias removal (OTSBR) approach and RNN prosodic model are proposed for multi-keyword spotting of telephone speech. OTSBR is employed in the pre-processing stage of acoustic decoding and aimed at channel bias estimation to eliminate the acoustic mismatch between training and testing environments. The RNN prosodic model is adopted in the post-processing stage of the acoustic decoding to detect word boundaries for reordering the keyword candidates from the keyword spotter. Simulations on the real speech database collected from the Phone Directory Assistant Service developed in Chunghwa Telecommunication Laboratories (CTL-PDAS) were performed to evaluate the proposed methods. Experimental results showed that 71.0% of keyword detection rate and 81.8% of top 5 keywords inclusion rate can be attained by incorporating OTSBR and RNN prosodic model into the system.
Insight solutions are correct more often than analytic solutions

ABSTRACT How accurate are insights compared to analytical solutions? In four experiments, we investigated how participants' solving strategies influenced their solution accuracies across different types of problems, including one that was linguistic, one that was visual and two that were mixed visual-linguistic. In each experiment, participants' self-judged insight solutions were, on average, more accurate than their analytic ones. We hypothesised that insight solutions have superior accuracy because they emerge into consciousness in an all-or-nothing fashion when the unconscious solving process is complete, whereas analytic solutions can be guesses based on conscious, prematurely terminated, processing. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that participants' analytic solutions included relatively more incorrect responses (i.e., errors of commission) than timeouts (i.e., errors of omission) compared to their insight responses.
From initial teacher education through induction and beyond: a longitudinal study of primary teacher beliefs

A better understanding of the relationship between beginning teachers' beliefs and the pedagogies of teacher education (TE) programmes that support their learning across time can enhance TE programme effectiveness. This 6-year longitudinal study examined the development and change of beginning primary classroom teachers' (n = 6) beliefs about learning to teach. Data sources included reflective writings and semi-structured interviews. These data were generated over a 6-year period from the beginning of a 3-year TE programme to 3 years post-graduation. Inductive analyses of the participants' writings illustrate the nature of the change that occurred in their beliefs about their teacher learning and provide insight into the experiences that shaped these changes. The beginning teachers valued practical and applied pedagogies most in supporting their learning to teach. They reflected retrospectively that TE programme pedagogies promoted a prescriptive approach and restricted them in how they directed their learning to teach. Given the rarity of data-set such as that in this study, this paper asserts the importance of incorporating beginning teachers' retrospective beliefs about their learning in TE programmes as a basis for the design of impactful TE programmes and as a guide to support and direct learning in the induction phase.