Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software Reliability Model with Coxian Distribution of Length of Intervals between Errors Detection and Fixing Moments

The generalized software reliability model on the basis of non-stationary Markovian service system is proposed. Approximation by Coxian distribution allows investigating software reliability growth for any kinds of distribution (for example, Weibull, Gamma) of time between the moments of program errors detection and fixing. The model enables to forecast important software reliability characteristics, such as number of corrected errors, number of errors to be fixed, required debugging time, etc. The diagram of transitions between states of the generalized model and differential equations system are presented. The example of calculation with use of the offered model is considered, research of influence of Coxian distributions variation coefficients of duration of intervals between the error detection moments and error correction time distributions on values of look-ahead characteristics is executed.
Estimation of the seed dispersal kernel from exact identification of source plants

The exact identification of individual seed sources through genetic analysis of seed tissue of maternal origin has recently brought the full analytical potential of parentage analysis to the study of seed dispersal. No specific statistical methodology has been described so far, however, for estimation of the dispersal kernel function from categorical maternity assignment. In this study, we introduce a maximum‐likelihood procedure to estimate the seed dispersal kernel from exact identification of seed sources. Using numerical simulations, we show that the proposed method, unlike other approaches, is independent of seed fecundity variation, yielding accurate estimates of the shape and range of the seed dispersal kernel under varied sampling and dispersal conditions. We also demonstrate how an obvious estimator of the dispersal kernel, the maximum‐likelihood fit of the observed distribution of dispersal distances to seed traps, can be strongly biased due to the spatial arrangement of seed traps relative to source plants. Finally, we illustrate the use of the proposed method with a previously published empirical example for the animal‐dispersed tree species Prunus mahaleb.
On VIM-Pad ` e Method for Boundary Layer Flow over an Exponentially Stretching Surface Promise

The problem of steady boundary layer flow over an exponentially stretching surface is studied. The governing partial differential equations are converted to yield a system of non-linear, coupled, ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation group. These equations are analytically solved via VIM-Pad`e technique which is a combination of the Variational Iteration Method (VIM) and the Pad`e approximation for a benchmark testing of alternative numerical solutions. The physical parameters of interest (Prandtl number, Pr and stretching parameter, k ) sensitively influence the local Nusselt number, ) 0 (    , thereby affecting the thermal boundary layer thickness. It is found that the rate of heat transfer from the fluid to the surface increases with increasing physical parameters. The VIM-Pad`e is implemented without requiring linearization, discretization, or perturbation. The results demonstrated reasonable degree of agreement when compared to other techniques and numerical methods reported in the literature. This suggests that the VIM with the enhancement of Pad'e; approximation is a very effective, convenient and quite accurate tool that requires further investigations by its application to viable technological and engineering problems that lead to nonlinear partial or differential equations.
Effects of Wavelength and Optical Path Length in Design of Fingernail Touch Force Sensing

This paper experimentally identifies the optimal optical parameters for the transmittance of light through the human fingernail bed to measure the change in blood volume beneath the fingernail, which is directly related to touch forces exerted on the fingertip. When forces are applied to the fingertip, various red and white coloration regions occur along the fingernail area, hence the transmittance of light through the fingernail bed is a function of applied force. The fingernail sensor uses optical reflectance photoplethysmography to measure the change in blood perfusion in the fingernail bed where an array of LEDs and photodetectors is mounted on the fingernail surface, and the fingertip force is estimated on the basis of the photodetector outputs. In this paper, we conduct thorough experimental characterization of the sensitivity and efficiency of light transmittance through the fingernail bed to wavelength and optical path length. Results show that the optical parameters for the transmittance of light through the human fingernail bed are optimized when using green light (525 nm) and when the surface mount LED and photodiode are placed as close together as possible.
LIGHT CURVES OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE WITH SUBSTANTIAL MASS LOSS USING THE NEW OPEN-SOURCE SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION CODE (SNEC)

We present the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC), an open-source Lagrangian code for the hydrodynamics and equilibrium-diffusion radiation transport in the expanding envelopes of supernovae. Given a model of a progenitor star, an explosion energy, and an amount and distribution of radioactive nickel, SNEC generates the bolometric light curve, as well as the light curves in different broad bands assuming blackbody emission. As a first application of SNEC, we consider the explosions of a grid of 15 M⊙ (at zero-age main sequence, ZAMS) stars whose hydrogen envelopes are stripped to different extents and at different points in their evolution. The resulting light curves exhibit plateaus with durations of ∼20–100 days if ≳1.5–2 M⊙ of hydrogen-rich material is left and no plateau if less hydrogen-rich material is left. If these shorter plateau lengths are not seen for SNe IIP in nature, it suggests that, at least for ZAMS masses ≲20 M⊙, hydrogen mass loss occurs as an all or nothing process. This perhaps points to the important role binary interactions play in generating the observed mass-stripped supernovae (i.e., Type Ib/c events). These light curves are also unlike what is typically seen for SNe IIL, arguing that simply varying the amount of mass loss cannot explain these events. The most stripped models begin to show double-peaked light curves similar to what is often seen for SNe IIb, confirming previous work that these supernovae can come from progenitors that have a small amount of hydrogen and a radius of ∼500 R⊙.
Reactions to the glass cliff - Gender differences in the explanations for the precariousness of women's leadership positions

Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon of the glass cliff, whereby women are more likely than men to be placed in precarious leadership positions. Men's and women's reactions to this subtle form of gender discrimination are examined, the identity processes involved, and the implications for organisations who must manage this change in the gender make-up of their workforce. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is qualitative analysis of participants' spontaneous explanations for the glass cliff, after having read about the phenomenon on an online news web site. Findings - The research demonstrates clear differences in men's and women's reactions to the glass cliff. While women were more likely to acknowledge the existence of the glass cliff and recognise its danger, unfairness, and prevalence for women, men were more likely to question the validity of research into the glass cliff, downplaying the dangers. These patterns were mirrored in the explanations that individuals generated. While women were most likely to explain the glass cliff in terms of pernicious processes such as a lack of alternative opportunities, sexism, or men's ingroup favouritism, men were most likely to favour largely benign interpretations, such as women's suitability for difficult leadership tasks, the need for strategic decision-making, or company factors unrelated to gender. Originality/value - This research examines people's reactions to a new form of subtle sexism in the workplace which allows one to develop a more thorough theoretical understanding of the phenomenon and of the likely impact of practical interventions designed to help eliminate discriminatory appointment practices.
Culture in Minds and Societies: Foundations of Cultural Psychology

Approaches to Culture: Semiotic Bases for Cultural Psychology Society and Community: Interdependence of Social Webs Making Oppositions: Dialogical Self and Dualities in Meaning Making Minimal Communities and their Organization: Kinship Groups, Families and Marriage Forms Culture Wholes on the Move: Maintenance and Crossing of Boundaries in the Semiotic Universe Thinking as a Cultural Process Semiotic Fields In Action: Affective Guiding of the Internalization/Externalization Process Methodology for Cultural Psychology: Systemic, Qualititative and Idiographic
Thymosin Beta 4 Protects Mice from Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive vascular disease of pulmonary arteries that impedes ejection of blood by the right ventricle. As a result there is an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure causing right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and RV failure. The pathology of PAH involves vascular cell remodeling including pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Current therapies are limited to reverse the vascular remodeling. Investigating a key molecule is required for development of new therapeutic intervention. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is a ubiquitous G-actin sequestering protein with diverse biological function and promotes wound healing and modulates inflammatory responses. However, it remains unknown whether Tβ4 has any protective role in PH. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the whether Tβ4 can be used as a vascular-protective agent. In monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH mouse model, we showed that mice treated with Tβ4 significantly attenuated the systolic pressure and RVH, compared to the MCT treated mice. Our data revealed for the first time that Tβ4 selectively targets Notch3-Col 3A-CTGF gene axis in preventing MCT-induced PH and RVH. Our study may provide pre-clinical evidence for Tβ4 and may consider as vasculo-protective agent for the treatment of PH induced RVH.
Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum: a population-based, case-control study.

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum. STUDY DESIGN We performed a population-based case-control study. All Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with a first lifetime deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum from 1966 to 1990 were identified (N = 90). Where possible, a resident without deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism was matched to each patient by date of the first live birth after the patient's child. The medical records of all remaining patients and all control subjects were reviewed for >25 baseline characteristics, which were tested as risk factors for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. RESULTS In multivariate analysis smoking (odds ratio, 2.4) and prior superficial vein thrombosis (odds ratio, 9.4) were independent risk factors for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thrombosis during pregnancy or post partum. CONCLUSION Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis may be warranted for pregnant women with prior superficial vein thrombosis. Smoking cessation should be recommended, especially during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Very Different Crustal Response to Extreme Extension in the Southern Basin and Range and Colorado Plateau Transition

Abstract Clustered about the southwest edge of the Colorado Plateau lie many highly extended terranes. Among these are metamorphic core complexes, distinguished by low-angle normal faults with sufficient offset to expose middle crustal rocks at higher elevation relative to the surrounding areas. About 150 km to the southwest, strong extension in the Salton Trough manifests itself very differently; high-angle normal faults form deep basins, with the strongest extension causing subsidence beneath sea level. We ask why strong extension takes such different forms, and, to help answer the question, we take advantage of seismic and gravity profiles that cross through the Salton Trough, metamorphic core complexes, and the Colorado Plateau. We propose that the relative rate of extension vs. intrusion of crust by magmatism and crustal flow controls the extensional style. We further show that conditions may have been ideal for core complex formation along the edges of the Colorado Plateau because its thick crust and high elevation provided a source of crustal flow and the pressure gradient to drive the flow.
White Paper on Adoptive Cell Therapy for Cancer with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: A Report of the CTEP Subcommittee on Adoptive Cell Therapy

Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) using expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor antigen-specific T cell expanded from peripheral blood are complex but powerful immunotherapies directed against metastatic melanoma. A number of nonrandomized clinical trials using TIL combined with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) have consistently found clinical response rates of 50% or more in metastatic melanoma patients accompanied by long progression-free survival. Recent studies have also established practical methods for the expansion of TIL from melanoma tumors with high success rates. These results have set the stage for randomized phase II/III clinical trials to determine whether ACT provides benefit in stage IV melanoma. Here, we provide an overview of the current state-of-the art in T-cell–based therapies for melanoma focusing on ACT using expanded TIL and address some of the key unanswered biological and clinical questions in the field. Different phase II/III randomized clinical trial scenarios comparing the efficacy of TIL therapy to high-dose IL-2 alone are described. Finally, we provide a roadmap describing the critical steps required to test TIL therapy in a randomized multicenter setting. We suggest an approach using centralized cell expansion facilities that will receive specimens and ship expanded TIL infusion products to participating centers to ensure maximal yield and product consistency. If successful, this approach will definitively answer the question of whether ACT can enter mainstream treatment for cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(7); 1664–73. ©2011 AACR.
Individual differences in top-down and bottom-up prominence perception

The perception of prosody, like other aspects of speech perception, relies on a combination of bottom-up and top-down information. In the context of prominence perception, the present study explored the interaction of these two types of cues, and individual variation in their effects on listeners. In a “naïve prosody transcription” task, 120 listeners gave prominence ratings to verbs and objects in simple English SVO sentences. First, a known top-down cue to perceived prominence was manipulated: the information structure (focus) status of the verb. Second, a known bottom-up cue to perceived prominence was manipulated: the phonetic duration of the verb. Results showed that both the top-down and bottom-up cues influenced perceived prominence in the expected way, but did not interact. However, both types of cues were found to be modulated by systematic cross-listener variation in cognitive processing style, as estimated by two measures believed to be related to “pragmatic skill”.
Degranulation Patterns of Eosinophils in Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: An Electron Microscopic Study

Recruitment and activation of eosinophils have been studied intensely in asthma and other allergic diseases. Less is known about the infiltration and degranulation patterns of eosinophils in the tumor stroma. Seven cases of advanced gastric carcinomas were found to be massively infiltrated by eosinophils and studied by light and electron microscopy. Gastric carcinomas, despite having similar numbers of tissue eosinophils, exhibited markedly different degranulation patterns. In 2 cases, resting nondegranulating eosinophils were found. Piecemeal degranulation was the predominant mode of secretion from eosinophils localized within the tumor stroma in 4 cases. Eosinophil exocytosis and cytolysis were rarely observed. In 1 case, crystals morphologically similar to Charcot-Leyden crystals were observed at the extracellular level as well as in phagosomes of tissue macrophages, confirming active sequestrations of eosinophil Charcot-Leyden protein by macrophages in vivo. In the same case, eosinophils showed characteristic features of early and late apoptotic changes, such as condensed chromatin, focal dilatation of nuclear envelope, and preserved plasma membrane. Morphological association between apoptotic eosinophils and deposition of granules in the tumor stroma was found. Extracellular deposition of intact granules from apoptotic eosinophils was distinct from eosinophilic (necrotic) cytolysis, and has reported previously in experimental studies in vitro. To the knowledge of the authors, this case represents the first report of late apoptotic eosinophils that release their granules within the tumor stroma in a human gastric carcinoma.
The NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801 selectively disrupts reversal learning in rats

We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of NMDA-receptors in rats would lead to a selective impairment of reversal learning in a serial reversal task in the Skinner box. Low doses of MK-801 (0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg) did not affect acquisition of the two-lever discrimination, but impaired performance during the first reversal more than during the third reversal. Similar effects were observed during the series of extinction sessions. The high dose (0.1 mg/kg) completely inhibited reversal and extinction learning, as the rats perseverated in pressing the previously rewarded lever(s). We conclude that NMDA receptor blockade leads to a selective impairment in cognitive flexibility, and shows some similarity to transient inactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex in this respect.
Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Linking classical microwave electrical circuits to the optical telecommunication band is at the core of modern communication. Future quantum information networks will require coherent microwave-to-optical conversion to link electronic quantum processors and memories via low-loss optical telecommunication networks. Efficient conversion can be achieved with electro-optical modulators operating at the single microwave photon level. In the standard electro-optic modulation scheme, this is impossible because both up- and down-converted sidebands are necessarily present. Here, we demonstrate true single-sideband up- or down-conversion in a triply resonant whispering gallery mode resonator by explicitly addressing modes with asymmetric free spectral range. Compared to previous experiments, we show a 3 orders of magnitude improvement of the electro-optical conversion efficiency, reaching 0.1% photon number conversion for a 10 GHz microwave tone at 0.42 mW of optical pump power. The presented scheme is fully compatible with existing superconducting 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics technology and can be used for nonclassical state conversion and communication. Our conversion bandwidth is larger than 1 MHz and is not fundamentally limited.
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Signaling Pathway of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Hemodialysis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on signaling pathway of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 60 diabetic HD patients. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either vitamin D supplements at a dosage of 50,000 IU (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of diabetic HD patients with RT-PCR method. Results: Results of RT-PCR indicated that after the 12-week intervention, compared to the placebo, vitamin D supplementation downregulated gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β (P = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.02) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (P = 0.03) in PBMCs of diabetic HD patients. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation, compared to the placebo, downregulated gene expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.04), protein kinase C (PKC) (P = 0.001), and mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 (MAPK1) (P = 0.02) in PBMCs of diabetic HD patients. Although not significant, vitamin D supplementation let to a reduction of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) (p = 0.75) expression in PBMCs isolated from diabetic patients compared to the placebo group. There was no statistically significant change following supplementation with vitamin D on gene expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PBMCs of diabetic HD patients. Conclusions: Overall, we found that vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks among diabetic HD patients had beneficial effects on few gene expression related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Clinical trial registration: IRCT201701035623N101. Registered on January 8, 2017.
Foster care of children;: Nurture and treatment

1. Backgrounds2. From Canzone to Sonata da Chiesa3. From Dance Suite to Sonata da Camera4. The Solo and the Trio Sonata5. The Emergence of Classical Style6. Franz Joseph Haydn7. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart8. Ludwig van Beethoven9. Schubert and the Romantic Period10. Brahms and the Decline of Romanticism11. The Contemporary World
Introduction to design of speed controller for fuel pump

This contribution presents an efficient approach to design of speed controller for fuel pump. The fuel pump is used for two-shaft turbine engine concept with reducer driven by a free turbine. Controlling the amount of fuel injection into the combustion chamber is based on the speed control of the fuel pump which is controlled by the engine control unit according to the desired power mode. The resulting flow of fuel into the combustion chamber beside the pump speed regulator influences the bypass which constricts the return fuel according to pressure in the nozzles. Control characteristic of the bypass controller is fixed and is determined by its structure. The only adjustable parameter is the speed of the fuel pump. This paper describes the design procedure of this fuel pump using a two-level controller with speed and subordinate current-torque control.
Diagnosis and treatment of migraine in children

We here enumerate criteria that we believe are suitable for the diagnosis of migraine in children. Using these criteria, we identified 84 children retrospectively, and studied their illness for 3 to 9 years thereafter. The majority were male, and 47 patients had frontal headaches. EEGs were performed in 64 children: 17 were paroxysmal, but 7 patients never developed seizures. Referral to a neurologist occurred when there was a marked increase in the frequency or severity of headaches. Irrespective of the form of treatment, about one-half of all patients had more than a 50 percent reduction in headache frequency in the 6 months following their initial visit to a neurologist.