Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum Query Complexity of Multilinear Identity Testing

Motivated by the quantum algorithm for testing commutativity of black-box groups (Magniez and Nayak, 2007), we study the following problem: Given a black-box finite ring by an additive generating set and a multilinear polynomial over that ring, also accessed as a black-box function (we allow the indeterminates of the polynomial to be commuting or noncommuting), we study the problem of testing if the polynomial is an \emph{identity} for the given ring. We give a quantum algorithm with query complexity sub-linear in the number of generators for the ring, when the number of indeterminates of the input polynomial is small (ideally a constant). Towards a lower bound, we also show a reduction from a version of the collision problem (which is well studied in quantum computation) to a variant of this problem.
Can Seeking Happiness Make People Happy? Paradoxical Effects of Valuing Happiness

Happiness is a key ingredient of well-being. It is thus reasonable to expect that valuing happiness will have beneficial outcomes. We argue that this may not always be the case. Instead, valuing happiness could be self-defeating, because the more people value happiness, the more likely they will feel disappointed. This should apply particularly in positive situations, in which people have every reason to be happy. Two studies support this hypothesis. In Study 1, female participants who valued happiness more (vs. less) reported lower happiness when under conditions of low, but not high, life stress. In Study 2, compared to a control group, female participants who were experimentally induced to value happiness reacted less positively to a happy, but not a sad, emotion induction. This effect was mediated by participants’ disappointment at their own feelings. Paradoxically, therefore, valuing happiness may lead people to be less happy just when happiness is within reach.
Management of Cardiac Tamponade: A Comperative Study between Echo-Guided Pericardiocentesis and Surgery—A Report of 100 Patients

Background. Cardiac tamponade (CT) represents a life-threatening condition, and the optimal method of draining accumulated pericardial fluid remains controversial. We have reviewed 100 patients with CT at our institution over a five-year period and compared the results of echo-guided pericardiocentesis, primary surgical treatment, and surgical treatment following pericardiocentesis with regard to functional outcomes. Methods. The study group consisted of 100 patients with CT attending Yuzuncu Yil University from January 2005 to January 2010 who underwent one of the 3 treatment options (echo-guided pericardiocentesis, primary surgical treatment, and surgical treatment following pericardiocentesis). CT was defined by clinical and echocardiographic criteria. Data on medical history, characteristics of the pericardial fluid, treatment strategy, and follow-up data were collected. Results. Echo-guided pericardiocentesis was performed in 38 (38%) patients (Group A), primary surgical treatment was preformed in 36 (36%) patients (Group B), and surgical treatment following pericardiocentesis was performed in 26 (26%) patients (Group C). Idiopathic and malignant diseases were primary cause of tamponade (28% and 28%, resp.), followed by tuberculosis (14%). Total complication rates, 30-day mortality, and total mortality rates were highest in Group C. Recurrence of tamponade before 90 days was highest in Group A. Conclusions. According to our results, minimal invasive procedure echo-guided pericardiocentesis should be the first choice because of lower complication and mortality rates especially in idiopathic cases and in patients with hemodynamic instability. Surgical approach might be performed for traumatic cases, purulent, recurrent, or malign effusions with higher complication and mortality rates.
Fight Alone or Together? The Need to Belong

Alliances often face both free-riding and hold-up problems, which under- mine the effectiveness of alliances in mobilizing joint fighting effort. Despite of these disadvantages, alliances are still ubiquitous in all types of contests. This paper asks if there are non-monetary incentives to form alliances, e.g., intimidating/discouraging the single player(s) who is/are left alone. For this purpose, I compare symmetric (2 vs. 2) and asymmetric (2 vs. 1) contests to their equivalent 4-player and 3-player individual contests, respectively. We find that alliance players in symmetric (2 vs. 2) contests behave the same as those in equivalent 4-player individual contests. However, in asymmetric (2 vs. 1) contests, stand-alone players were strongly discouraged to exert effort (especially the females), compared to the 3-player individual contests. Alliance players may have anticipated this effect and also reduced their effort, if alliances share the prize according to the merit rule. Behavioural factors such as the need to belong can help reconcile the "paradox of alliance formation".
On Combinatorial Actions and CMABs with Linear Side Information

Online planning algorithms are typically a tool of choice for dealing with sequential decision problems in combinatorial search spaces. Many such problems, however, also exhibit combinatorial actions, yet standard planning algorithms do not cope well with this type of "the curse of dimensionality. " Following a recently opened line of related work on combinatorial multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problems, we propose a novel CMAB planning scheme, as well as two specific instances of this scheme, dedicated to exploiting what is called linear side information. Using a representative strategy game as a benchmark, we show that the resulting algorithms very favorably compete with the state-of-the-art.
Detecting cyberbullying: query terms and techniques

In this paper we describe a close analysis of the language used in cyberbullying. We take as our corpus a collection of posts from Formspring.me. Formspring.me is a social networking site where users can ask questions of other users. It appeals primarily to teens and young adults and the cyberbullying content on the site is dense; between 7% and 14% of the posts we have analyzed contain cyberbullying content. The results presented in this article are two-fold. Our first experiments were designed to develop an understanding of both the specific words that are used by cyberbullies, and the context surrounding these words. We have identified the most commonly used cyberbullying terms, and have developed queries that can be used to detect cyberbullying content. Five of our queries achieve an average precision of 91.25% at rank 100. In our second set of experiments we extended this work by using a supervised machine learning approach for detecting cyberbullying. The machine learning experiments identify additional terms that are consistent with cyberbullying content, and identified an additional querying technique that was able to accurately assign scores to posts from Formspring.me. The posts with the highest scores are shown to have a high density of cyberbullying content.
Objective Hope: Assessing the Effectiveness of Faith-Based Organizations: A Review of the Literature

1,220,664. Screw extruders. NRM CORP. 20 Feb., 1969 [6 March, 1968], No. 9286/69. Heading B5A. [Also in Division B1] To promote mixing of material within the barrel 42, Fig. 4, of a screw extrusion machine, the barrel is provided with longitudinally extending flutes 40, 41 which co-operate with an unflighted portion 50 of the screw of substantially the same diameter as the bore of the barrel. In the embodiment shown, flutes 40, 41 are circumferentially and alternately arranged and are separated by ribs 52, 55, Fig. 5, the former being in effective sealing engagement with portion 50 and the latter having clearance as at 49 to allow material to flow from an inlet flute 40 to an adjacent outlet flute 41. In a modification, Fig. 6, the clearance may be adjusted by the provision of radially adjustable bar members 60. In a second embodiment, Figs. 8 and 9 (not shown), flutes (80) follow helical paths to promote self-cleaning and each communicates with both the inlet and outlet ends of mixing zone (M 11 ). However, the flutes are intersected intermediate their ends by radially adjustable bars (85). In a third embodiment, Figs. 1-3 (not shown), flutes (14) are formed in a ring (9) inserted into the barrel and each communicates with the inlet and outlet ends of mixing zone (M). In all embodiments the screw may be axially adjustable, e.g. by mechanism (30-32), Fig. 1 (not shown), and a gas vent (54) may be provided in the barrel.
Family members’ commitment to the firm and family business continuity: investigating the mediating role of family-to-firm identity fit and emotional attachment

Abstract This research offers an explanatory model of family business continuity intentions where it is hypothesized that high family influence on the firm implies a high commitment of family members to the firm and thus a high desire to sustain the family firm in the long run. In addition, the model emphasizes the mediating role of family members' identification with the firm as well as their emotional attachment in explaining the influence of family members' commitment on continuity intentions. Based on a data sample of 46 French family SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises), the findings show that family members' commitment to the firm is positively related to the owning family's influence on the firm. Further, commitment positively and significantly influences family members' identification to the firm and their emotional attachment. In addition, ‘Identification’ and ‘Emotional attachment’ positively influence family owners' willingness to perpetuate the firm. Furthermore, as expected, family members' commitment to the firm has a significant indirect positive influence on continuity intentions. The article adds to the literature on commitment in family firms and contributes to our understanding of the role played by family members' emotional attachment and the family-to-firm identity fit in shaping the future of the family business.
Baryon and strangeness enhancement at SPS, RHIC and LHC energies in the String Fusion Model

Strangeness and baryon enhancement in heavy ion collisions are discussed in the framework of the String Fusion Model. The Monte Carlo version of this model is shown to reasonably reproduce three of the features that have been pointed out as evidences of the finding of the Quark Gluon Plasma. Namely hyperon/antihyperon enhancement, dependence of the slope of the $p_{T}$ distributions on the mass of the produced particles and on the centrality of the collision, are described. Predictions for RHIC and LHC energies are presented.
Use of assistance and therapy dogs for children with autism spectrum disorders: a critical review of the current evidence.

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by deficits in social reciprocity and communication, and by unusually restricted, repetitive behaviors. Intervention strategies based on the exploitation of the emotional aspects of human-dog relationships hold the potential to overcome the difficulty of subjects with ASD to relate and interact effectively with others, targeting core symptoms of this disorder. METHODS This review summarizes the results of six published studies on the effects of brief interactions with dogs and the effects of introducing dogs in families with a child diagnosed with ASD, with an emphasis on social behaviors and language use. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects observed are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Although the studies described here are encouraging, further research with better designs and using larger samples is needed to strengthen translation of such interventions to the clinic. In addition, potential applications of analyzing child-dog interactions are highlighted to screen for early signs of the disorder.
Where's Your Mind At?: Video-Based Mind Wandering Detection During Film Viewing

Mind wandering (MW) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in which attention involuntarily shifts from task-related processing to task-unrelated thoughts. This study reports preliminary results of a video-based MW detector during film viewing. We collected training data in a study where participants self-reported when they caught themselves MW over the course of watching a 32.5 minute commercial film. We trained classification models on automatically extracted facial features and bodily movement and were able to detect MW with an F1 of . 30. The model was successful in reproducing the MW distribution obtained from the self-reports
Acupuncture in practice: mapping the providers, the patients and the settings in a national cross-sectional survey

Background There is relatively limited knowledge about the practitioners who provide acupuncture treatment within the UK, what conditions patients consult for and the treatment provided. Objectives To characterise the conditions treated and by whom, to examine characteristics of the treatment and to explore trends over time. Method A cross-sectional survey of the UK acupuncture practitioners was conducted; 800 practitioners were selected by computer-generated randomisation sequences from the four major UK-based professional associations. Data collected on the practitioners included demographic details, association membership, statutorily regulated status, practice setting, style of acupuncture, diagnostic methods and needle response sought. Practitioners recorded details of their 10 most recent patients, including demographic details, primary reason for consulting and lifestyle advice provided. Results 330 practitioners responded comprising doctors (29%) physiotherapists (29%), nurses (15%) and independent acupuncturists (27%): 62% were women with median age of 48 years. The majority (68%) practiced in independent settings and 42% practiced within the National Health Service. Patients most commonly consulted for low back, neck, shoulder and knee pain, as well as headaches and migraine. Treatment for infertility by independent acupuncturists was found to have increased fivefold in 10 years. Conclusion Acupuncture provides a substantial contribution to the healthcare of the UK, with an estimated 4 million sessions provided annually. The primary complaints for which patients consult reflect the growing evidence base on acupuncture for these conditions. These data provide a basis for decision-making regarding policy and practice.
Currency Risk in Emerging Equity Markets

The paper develops an international capital asset pricing model, which includes foreign currency risk, and examines the impact of capital market liberalisation on the pricing of risks. It applies the model to data from Pacific Basin financial markets and finds substantial evidence that not only currency risk is priced in both pre and post liberalisation periods, but the model is superior to one which does not include currency risk. This evidence suggests that an international capital asset pricing model, which omits currency risk, will be misspecified. Furthermore, the results imply that since currency risk is priced and investors are compensated for bearing such risk they should not be discouraged by more flexible exchange rate regimes from investing in emerging markets.
Ticks need not bite their red grouse hosts to infect them with louping ill virus

For pathogens transmitted by biting vectors, one of the fundamental assumptions is often that vector bites are the sole or main route of host infection. Here, we demonstrate experimentally a transmission route whereby hosts (red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus) became infected with a member of the tick–borne encephalitis virus complex, louping ill virus, after eating the infected tick vector. Furthermore, we estimated from field observations that this mode of infection could account for 73–98% of all virus infections in wild red grouse in their first season. This has potential implications for the understanding of other biting vector–borne pathogens where hosts may ingest vectors through foraging or grooming.
Daubechies Versus Biorthogonal Wavelets for Moving Object Detection in Traffic Monitoring Systems

Moving object detection is a fundamental task for a variety of traffic applications. In this paper the Daubechies and biorthogonal wavelet families are exploited for extracting the relevant movement information in moving image sequences in a 3D wavelet-based segmentation algorithm. The proposed algorithm is applied for traffic monitoring systems. The objective and subjective experimental results obtained by applying both wavelet types are compared and interpreted in terms of the different wavelet properties and the characteristics of the image sequences. The comparisons show the superior performance of the symmetric biorthogonal wavelets in the presence of noisy images and changing lighting conditions when compared to the application of high order Daubechies wavelets. The algorithm is evaluated using simulated images in the Matlab environment.
Involvement of and Interaction between WNT10A and EDA Mutations in Tooth Agenesis Cases in the Chinese Population

Background Dental agenesis is the most common, often heritable, developmental anomaly in humans. Although WNT10A gene mutations are known to cause rare syndromes associated with tooth agenesis, including onycho-odontodermal dysplasia (OODD), Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome (SSPS), hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), and more than half of the cases of isolated oligodontia recently, the genotype-phenotype correlations and the mode of inheritance of WNT10A mutations remain unclear. The phenotypic expression with WNT10A mutations shows a high degree of variability, suggesting that other genes might function with WNT10A in regulating ectodermal organ development. Moreover, the involvement of mutations in other genes, such as EDA, which is also associated with HED and isolated tooth agenesis, is not clear. Therefore, we hypothesized that EDA mutations interact with WNT10A mutations to play a role in tooth agenesis. Additionally, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD encode signaling molecules in the Eda/Edar/NF-κB signaling pathways, we also checked EDAR and EDARADD in this study. Methods WNT10A, EDA, EDAR and EDARADD were sequenced in 88 patients with isolated oligodontia and 26 patients with syndromic tooth agenesis. The structure of two mutated WNT10A and two mutated EDA proteins was analyzed. Results Digenic mutations of both WNT10A and EDA were identified in 2 of 88 (2.27%) isolated oligodontia cases and 4 of 26 (15.38%) syndromic tooth agenesis cases. No mutation in EDAR or EDARADD gene was found. Conclusions WNT10A and EDA digenic mutations could result in oligodontia and syndromic tooth agenesis in the Chinese population. Moreover, our results will greatly expand the genotypic spectrum of tooth agenesis.
An Underwater Color Image Quality Evaluation Metric

Quality evaluation of underwater images is a key goal of underwater video image retrieval and intelligent processing. To date, no metric has been proposed for underwater color image quality evaluation (UCIQE). The special absorption and scattering characteristics of the water medium do not allow direct application of natural color image quality metrics especially to different underwater environments. In this paper, subjective testing for underwater image quality has been organized. The statistical distribution of the underwater image pixels in the CIELab color space related to subjective evaluation indicates the sharpness and colorful factors correlate well with subjective image quality perception. Based on these, a new UCIQE metric, which is a linear combination of chroma, saturation, and contrast, is proposed to quantify the non-uniform color cast, blurring, and low-contrast that characterize underwater engineering and monitoring images. Experiments are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed UCIQE metric and its capability to measure the underwater image enhancement results. They show that the proposed metric has comparable performance to the leading natural color image quality metrics and the underwater grayscale image quality metrics available in the literature, and can predict with higher accuracy the relative amount of degradation with similar image content in underwater environments. Importantly, UCIQE is a simple and fast solution for real-time underwater video processing. The effectiveness of the presented measure is also demonstrated by subjective evaluation. The results show better correlation between the UCIQE and the subjective mean opinion score.
Fixed airflow obstruction in asthma: a descriptive study of patient profiles and effect on treatment responses

Abstract Background: The role of fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) in asthma is unclear. Objective: To assess the relationship between FAO and clinical features of asthma and the effect of FAO on treatment response. Methods: Post hoc descriptive analysis of data stratified by FAO category (screening post-albuterol FEV1/FVC <lower limit of normal [LLN] [FAO+] or ≥LLN [FAO−]) from two 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of budesonide/formoterol or the monocomponents in mild−moderate (study I; aged ≥6 years; NCT00651651; placebo run-in) or moderate−severe (study II; ≥12 years; NCT00652002; budesonide run-in) asthma patients. Results: At baseline, FAO+ versus FAO− patients were more likely male and had longer asthma duration and worse pulmonary function. During the treatment period, lung function and asthma control measures with placebo were generally worse in FAO+ versus FAO− patients. Budesonide was effective on most end points in both FAO+ and FAO− patients. In contrast to FAO− patients, FAO+ patients were unresponsive to formoterol monotherapy in both study populations. Consistently greater improvements in most end points (including worsening of asthma as predefined by specific lung function parameters or clinical symptoms) were observed moving from formoterol to budesonide to budesonide/formoterol in both FAO+ and FAO− patients, with generally greater than additive effects on lung function with budesonide/formoterol in FAO+ patients. Conclusions: FAO+ patients tended to be more impaired and at greater risk for an asthma event versus FAO− patients. While FAO+ patients were non-responsive to formoterol monotherapy, they retained responsiveness to budesonide and had the greatest lung function and control responses to budesonide/formoterol that were similar to or greater than responses of FAO− patients.
The Monty Hall problem is not a probability puzzle * (It's a challenge in mathematical modelling)

Suppose you're on a game show, and you're given the choice of three doors: Behind one door is a car; behind the others, goats. You pick a door, say No. 1, and the host, who knows what's behind the doors, opens another door, say No. 3, which has a goat. He then says to you, ‘Do you want to pick door No. 2? ’ Is it to your advantage to switch your choice?
Exactly solvable model of A + A → 0 reactions on a heterogeneous catalytic chain

We present an exact solution describing equilibrium properties of the catalytically activated A + A → 0 reaction taking place on a one-dimensional lattice, where some of the sites possess special "catalytic" properties. The A-particles undergo continuous exchanges with the vapor phase; two neighboring adsorbed A's react when at least one of them resides on a catalytic site (CS). We consider three situations for the CS distribution: regular, annealed random and quenched random. For all three CS distribution types, we derive exact results for the disorder-averaged pressure and present exact asymptotic expressions for the particles' mean density.