Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kdo2-Lipid A, a TLR4-specific Agonist, Induces de Novo Sphingolipid Biosynthesis in RAW264.7 Macrophages, Which Is Essential for Induction of Autophagy*

Activation of RAW264.7 cells with a lipopolysaccharide specific for the TLR4 receptor, Kdo2-lipid A (KLA), causes a large increase in cellular sphingolipids, from 1.5 to 2.6 × 109 molecules per cell in 24 h, based on the sum of subspecies analyzed by “lipidomic” mass spectrometry. Thus, this study asked the following question. What is the cause of this increase and is there a cell function connected with it? The sphingolipids arise primarily from de novo biosynthesis based on [U-13C]palmitate labeling, inhibition by ISP1 (myriocin), and an apparent induction of many steps of the pathway (according to the distribution of metabolites and microarray analysis), with the exception of ceramide, which is also produced from pre-existing sources. Nonetheless, the activated RAW264.7 cells have a higher number of sphingolipids per cell because KLA inhibits cell division; thus, the cells are larger and contain increased numbers of membrane vacuoles termed autophagosomes, which were detected by the protein marker GFP-LC3. Indeed, de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids performs an essential structural and/or signaling function in autophagy because autophagosome formation was eliminated by ISP1 in KLA-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (and mutation of serine palmitoyltransferase in CHO-LYB cells); furthermore, an anti-ceramide antibody co-localizes with autophagosomes in activated RAW264.7 cells versus the Golgi in unstimulated or ISP1-inhibited cells. These findings establish that KLA induces profound changes in sphingolipid metabolism and content in this macrophage-like cell line, apparently to produce sphingolipids that are necessary for formation of autophagosomes, which are thought to play important roles in the mechanisms of innate immunity.
Design and Structure of an Extended Life High Current Sparkgap

The failure modes of a high-current 100-kA 0.6-C sparkgap were studied. The results of the study were used to design and build a high reliability, high-current sparkgap (130-kA 0.7-C). The structure of the sparkgap and the results of the testing are described.
Sleep in lonely heroin-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment: longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and poorer sleep quality

Given the socially isolated status of Chinese heroin-dependent patients (HDPs) and the significant association between loneliness and sleep problem in the general population, the impact of loneliness on sleep of HDPs is potentially substantial. The study aimed to test whether loneliness is associated with poor sleep in terms of quantity and quality in a consecutive sample of Chinese HDPs receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The study participants were 603 HDPs of three MMT clinics in Wuhan, China. Data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Sleep outcomes included sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep quality. We measured depressive symptoms, loneliness, and sleep quality by using Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale, the single-item self-report of loneliness, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to examine whether loneliness is independently associated with sleep measures. After controlling for the confounding effects of potential socio-demographic and clinical variables, loneliness was significantly associated with longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and poorer sleep quality. Loneliness may exacerbate sleep disturbance in Chinese HDPs of MMT clinics. Psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing loneliness in MMT clinics would improve the sleep of HDPs.
Coupled Controls-Computational Fluids Approach for the Estimation of the Concentration From a Moving Gaseous Source in a 2-D Domain With a Lyapunov-Guided Sensing Aerial Vehicle

The estimation of the gas concentration (process state) associated with an emitting stationary or moving source using a sensing aerial vehicle (SAV) is considered. The dispersion from such a gas source into the ambient atmosphere is representative of accidental or deliberate release of chemicals, or release of gases from the biological systems. Estimation of the concentration field provides a superior ability for source localization, assessment of possible adverse impacts, and eventual containment. The abstract and finite-dimensional approximation framework present couples theoretical estimation and control with computational fluid dynamics methods. The gas dispersion (process) model is based on the 2-D advection-diffusion equation with variable eddy diffusivities and ambient winds. The state estimator is a modified Luenberger observer with a collocated filter gain that is parameterized by the position of the SAV. The process-state (concentration) estimator is based on a 2-D adaptive, multigrid, multistep finite-volume method. The grid is adapted with local refinement and coarsening during the process-state estimation, to improve accuracy and efficiency. The 2-D motion dynamics of the SAV is incorporated into the spatial process and the SAV's guidance is directly linked to the performance of the state estimator. The computational model and the state estimator are coupled in the sense that grid refinement is affected by the SAV repositioning, and the guidance laws of the SAV are affected by grid refinement. Extensive numerical simulations serve to demonstrate the effectiveness of the coupled approach.
The school readiness of children born to low-income, adolescent Latinas in Miami.

Although studies show teenage parenting and low socioeconomic status predict poor child academic performance, limited research has examined relations between teen parenting and children's school readiness within low-income Latina mothers. In the context of the Miami School Readiness Project, low-income preschoolers (N = 3,023) attending subsidized child-care programs were assessed on cognitive, language, and fine motor skills, and parents and teachers reported on children's social skills and behavior concerns. Maternal teenage status at time of birth, maternal education, child attachment, child immigrant generational status, language, and other demographic variables were explored, as they uniquely and interactively predicted children's school readiness. Teenage parenting among low-income Latinas in this sample was less frequent (15%) than national estimates and more common among mothers born in the United States. Teen parenting was negatively associated with child cognitive and language competence at age 4, controlling for background variables. Maternal receipt of a high school diploma contributed additively, rather than interactively, to child outcomes. Parent-reported strong child attachment served as a buffer against the negative effects of teen parent status on child outcomes. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in horses fed silibinin complexed with phospholipid.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate antioxidant capacity and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in horses fed silibinin complexed with phospholipid. ANIMALS 5 healthy horses. PROCEDURES Horses consumed increasing orally administered doses of silibinin phospholipid during 4 nonconsecutive weeks (0 mg/kg, 6.5 mg/kg, 13 mg/kg, and 26 mg/kg of body weight, twice daily for 7 days each week). Dose-related changes in plasma antioxidant capacity, peripheral blood cell glutathione concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities, and blood cytokine gene expression were evaluated. RESULTS Plasma antioxidant capacity increased throughout the study period with increasing dose. Red blood cell nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase I activity decreased significantly with increasing doses of silibinin phospholipid. No significant differences were identified in glutathione peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione or oxidized glutathione concentrations, or expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1, or interleukin-2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minor alterations in antioxidant capacity of healthy horses that consumed silibinin phospholipid occurred and suggest that further study in horses with liver disease is indicated.
Bypassing Spinal Cord Injury: Surgical Reconstruction of Afferent and Efferent Pathways to the Urinary Bladder after Conus Medullaris Injury in a Rat Model

Afferent and efferent nerve function in the atonic bladder caused by conus medullaris injury in a rat model was established by intradural microanastomosis of the left L5 ventral root (VR) to right S2 VR to restore pure motor-to-motor reinnervation coupled with extradural postganglionic spinal nerve transfer of L5 dorsal root (DR) to S2 DR for pure sensory-to-sensory reinnervation. Early function of the reflex arc was evaluated by electrophysiological study, as well as by intravesicular pressure measurement and histological examination. The results demonstrated that single focal stimulation of the left S2 DR elicited evoked potentials at the left vesicular plexus before and after horizontal spinal cord damage between the L6 and S4 level. Bladder contraction was successfully initiated by trains of stimuli targeting the left L5-S2 DR anastomosis. Achievable bladder pressures and amplitude of bladder smooth muscle complex action potentials were unchanged before and after induced paraplegia and comparable to those of the control. Prominent axonal sprouting was seen in the distal part of nerve graft. Both afferent and efferent nerve pathways in the atonic bladder can be reconstructed by suprasacral motor-to-motor and sensory-to-sensory nerve transfer after spinal cord injury in rats. This reconstructive strategy has significant potential in clinical application.
Development of SSR Markers Based on Transcriptome Sequencing and Association Analysis with Drought Tolerance in Perennial Grass Miscanthus from China

Drought has become a critical environmental stress affecting on plant in temperate area. As one of the promising bio-energy crops to sustainable biomass production, the genus Miscanthus has been widely studied around the world. However, the most widely used hybrid cultivar among this genus, Miscanthus × giganteus is proved poor drought tolerance compared to some parental species. Here we mainly focused on Miscanthus sinensis, which is one of the progenitors of M. × giganteus providing a comparable yield and well abiotic stress tolerance in some places. The main objectives were to characterize the physiological and photosynthetic respond to drought stress and to develop simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers associated with drought tolerance by transcriptome sequencing within an originally collection of 44 Miscanthus genotypes from southwest China. Significant phenotypic differences were observed among genotypes, and the average of leaf relative water content (RWC) were severely affected by drought stress decreasing from 88.27 to 43.21%, which could well contribute to separating the drought resistant and drought sensitive genotype of Miscanthus. Furthermore, a total of 16,566 gene-associated SSRs markers were identified based on Illumina RNA sequencing under drought conditions, and 93 of them were randomly selected to validate. In total, 70 (75.3%) SSRs were successfully amplified and the generated loci from 30 polymorphic SSRs were used to estimate the genetic differentiation and population structure. Finally, two optimum subgroups of the population were determined by structure analysis and based on association analysis, seven significant associations were identified including two markers with leaf RWC and five markers with photosynthetic traits. With the rich sequencing resources annotation, such associations would serve an efficient tool for Miscanthus drought response mechanism study and facilitate genetic improvement of drought resistant for this species.
Student Journals: A Means of Assessing Transformative Learning in Aging Related Courses

In courses where topics are sensitive or even considered taboo for discussion, it can be difficult to assess students’ deeper learning. In addition, incorporating a wide variety of students’ values and beliefs, designing instructional strategies and including varied assessments adds to the difficulty. Journal entries or response notebooks can highlight reflection upon others’ viewpoints, class readings, and additional materials. These are useful across all educational levels in deep learning and comprehension strategies assessments. Journaling meshes with transformative learning constructs, allowing for critical self-reflection essential to transformation. Qualitative analysis of journals in a death and dying class reveals three transformative themes: awareness of others, questioning, and comfort. Students’ journal entries demonstrate transformative learning via communication with others through increased knowledge/exposure to others’ experiences and comparing/contrasting others’ personal beliefs with their own. Using transformative learning within gerontology and geriatrics education, as well as other disciplined aging-related courses is discussed.
Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential of Purinergic Signaling

The concept of a purinergic signaling system, using purine nucleotides and nucleosides as extracellular messengers, was first proposed over 30 years ago. After a brief introduction and update of purinoceptor subtypes, this article focuses on the diverse pathophysiological roles of purines and pyrimidines as signaling molecules. These molecules mediate short-term (acute) signaling functions in neurotransmission, mechanosensory transduction, secretion and vasodilatation, and long-term (chronic) signaling functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death involved in development and regeneration. Plasticity of purinoceptor expression in pathological conditions is frequently observed, including an increase in the purinergic component of autonomic cotransmission. Recent advances in therapies using purinergic-related drugs in a wide range of pathological conditions will be addressed with speculation on future developments in the field.
Intensive infestations of Sciaenocotyle pancerii (Monogenea, Microcotylidae) on Argyrosomus regius (Asso) under fish-farming conditions.

In the Mediterranean Sea, diversification in aquaculture is necessary because of overproduction and saturation of the market by sea bream and sea bass. Since 2004, Corsican aquaculturists started testproduction, under intensive rearing systems, of a new fish species, meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso) (Sciaenidae). Production of reared meagre is very limited thus far and confined to the Mediterranean Basin (southern France, Corsica, Spain, Italy and Morocco) (Jiménez, Pastor, Grau, Alconchel, Sánchez & Cárdenas 2005). Aquaculture can provide a suitable environment for the emergence of new pathogens (Murray & Peeler 2005). In summer 2005, heavy mortalities of meagre were reported in a Corsican farm (Gulf of Ajaccio). The fish examined were parasitized by a monogenean not reported from aquaculture, Sciaenocotyle pancerii (Sonsino) (Microcotylidae). That parasite was detected for the first time on the gills of Umbrina cirrosa (L.) and briefly described by Sonsino (1891) as Microcotyle pancerii. The species has since been reported from the Mediterranean Sea by Parona (1912) and Palombi (1949). Ktari (1970) recorded the parasite from shi drum and also from wild meagre in the Gulf of Tunis. Mamaev (1989) transferred M. pancerii to the genus Sciaenocotyle. This study highlights the transfer of a parasite from a wild to a reared population and describes the dynamics of the parasite population on farmed meagre during the autumn and winter of 2005 in coastal Corsica. From October 2005 to January 2006, reared meagre were collected from a farm in the south of Corsica. Mortalities at the farm started during August 2005. The farm included eight cages containing meagre and 12 cages with sea bass which are monitored weekly for parasites. Fish were fed with commercial food; salinity around the cages was 37%, and temperature ranged from 20 C at the beginning to 14 C at the end of the study. Monthly sampling consisted of 3–12 meagre selected randomly from the cages. In total, 50 cagereared specimens (58–4400 g in weight, 6 months to 2-year-old, of both sexes) were examined for parasites. Among these fish, three weighed more than 3000 g (2-year-old). All the other fish (n = 47) weighed less than 300 g (6-month-old), and were divided into two weight classes: one of specimens between 50 and 150 g and the second of fish between 150 and 250 g. The gill arches were sequentially dissected from the right side and placed into separate glass dishes for microscopic examination. For the three largest specimens (>3000 g) monogeneans were removed and counted only from the first gill arch of the right side. Each of the four right gill arches were examined from the smallest specimens (<300 g). Parasites were identified according to Ktari (1970). Infection was expressed Journal of Fish Diseases 2010, 33, 89–92 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009. 01094.x
Employing the opinion-based group interaction method as a social intervention tool against modern and old fashioned sexism

While recent times have witnessed significant improvements, sexism remains a problem in Australia. Yet, sexism is often denied within society. This thesis considers the role of small group interaction in promoting awareness of, and action against, sexism. Specifically, two studies test the hypothesis that participants will recognise and act against sexism when they believe other people share their views (opinion consensus), and other people are prepared to act (action consensus). The opinion-based group interaction method is employed as a mechanism through which the role of opinion and action consensus can be considered. Study 1 (N = 37) found that participants were more likely to find consensus around action than opinion, and, contrary to expectations, higher collective action intention was found in the brainstorming condition. Study 2 (N = 123) found that group interaction facilitated awareness of modern sexism, but only in the old fashioned sexism condition. Results are discussed in relation to theoretical implications for social psychological understanding of sexism, and methodological issues raised in the research. Overall this research highlights the contested nature of modern sexism in contemporary Australian society.
Psychopathology in Police Custody: The Role of Importation, Deprivation and Interaction Models

People experiencing mental illness are over-represented among police cell detainees, however limited work has sought to investigate the occurrence of psychopathology in police custody. The present study sought to examine the predictive power of personal factors (e.g., history of psychiatric hospitalisation), situational factors (e.g., police cell conditions), and their interactive effects to explain the occurrence of psychopathology in police custody. A total of 150 detainees were recruited from two metropolitan police stations in Melbourne, Australia. Personal factors were significantly associated with psychiatric symptomatology, with situational factors and interaction terms yielding no association. Detainees with preexisting vulnerabilities and those unsatisfied with police cell conditions demonstrated the highest levels of psychopathology. While all detainees experience some difficulties in police cells, it is those with pre-existing vulnerabilities that suffer the most. This may be due to the exacerbation of vulnerabilities by police cell conditions. The implications of these findings for provision of health care services in police cells are discussed.
Mass Spectrometry in the Characterisation of Cereal Seed Proteins

In less then a decade, applications of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) and electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry to the investigation of prolamins have rapidly evolved from measurements of the molecular mass of isolated proteins to a proteomic approach attempting to characterise the complete protein pattern in the seed. Mass spectrometry is currently making significant contributions to the understanding of the composition and structure of the gluten proteins and, in turn, to the elucidation of structure–function relationships. Results obtained using mass spectrometry, including determination of the molecular masses of prolamins, direct verification of gene-derived sequences, determination of the number of cysteine residues and localisation of disulphide bonds, investigation of the gluten toxicity for celiac patients, qualitative and quantitative determination of gliadins in food and determination of the protein pattern and its modification during seed maturation by proteomic approaches, are summarised here, to illustrate current trends and individuate possible future perspectives.
Call Centres: A Decade of Research

Call centres have, over the past decade, become a central element in the way information services are produced and delivered to the public. Much as automobile factories or textile mills were treated as both objects of curiosity and as metaphors for their age, call centres have garnered attention both in their own right as a new means of organizing particular types of work and as an important venue from which to undertake the study of other elements of management practice, including human resource management. This paper critically examines all aspects of research that has been undertaken on call centres, from the publication of the first novel pieces of research up to the most recent contributions. A good deal of effort has gone into classifying call centres, comparing the organization of work in them with other types of work and considering the extent of variation between call centres. Depending upon the theoretical lens that is used (e.g. labour process theory, high-performance work systems theory, HR perspectives, gender theory, etc.) different aspects of call-centre work are emphasized and different conclusions regarding call-centre employment and its possibilities are reached. These contrasting results are compared and evaluated in this review. It is also the case that the study of call centres invites critical reflection upon theories of management, and this is also entered into in this paper. Additionally, the continuous spread of call centres into new realms of professional work activity and into new spaces of the global economy throws up challenges that are brought to the reader's attention for our understanding of this approach to managing informational work.
A Survey on Green-Energy-Aware Power Management for Datacenters

Megawatt-scale datacenters have emerged to meet the increasing demand for IT applications and services. The hunger for power brings large electricity bills to datacenter operators and causes significant impacts to the environment. To reduce costs and environmental impacts, modern datacenters, such as those of Google and Apple, are beginning to integrate renewable or green energy sources into their power supply. This article investigates the green-energy-aware power management problem for these datacenters and surveys and classifies works that explicitly consider renewable energy and/or carbon emission. Our aim is to give a full view of this problem. Hence, we first provide some basic knowledge on datacenters (including datacenter components, power infrastructure, power load estimation, and energy sources' operations), the electrical grid (including dynamic pricing, power outages, and emission factor), and the carbon market (including cap-and-trade and carbon tax). Then, we categorize existing research works according to their basic approaches used, including workload scheduling, virtual machine management, and energy capacity planning. Each category's discussion includes the description of the shared core idea, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis among works of this category.