Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The links between education and health.

University of Illinois, Urbana The positive association between education and health is well established, but explanations for this association are not. Our explanations fall into three categories: (1) work and economic conditions, (2) social-psychological resources, and (3) health lifestyle. We replicate analyses with two samples, cross-sectionally and over time, using two health measures (self-reported health and physical functioning). The first data set comes from a national probability sample of U.S. households in which respondents were interviewed by telephone in 1990 (2,031 respondents, ages 18 to 90). The second data set comes from a national probability sample of U.S. households in which respondents ages 20 to 64 were interviewed by telephone first in 1979 (3,025 respondents), and then again in 1980 (2,436 respondents). Results demonstrate a positive association between education and health and help explain why the association exists. (1) Compared to the poorly educated, well educated respondents are less likely to be unemployed, are more likely to work full-time, to have fulfilling, subjectively rewarding jobs, high incomes, and low economic hardship. Full-time work, fulfilling work, high income, and low economic hardship in turn significantly improve health in all analyses. (2) The well educated report a greater sense of control over their lives and their health, and they have higher levels of social support. The sense of control, and to a lesser extent support, are associated with good health. (3) The well educated are less likely to smoke, are more likely to exercise, to get health check-ups, and to drink moderately, all of which, except check-ups, are associated with good health. We conclude that high educational attainment improves health directly, and it improves health indirectly through work and economic conditions, social-psychological resources, and health lifestyle. he positive association between education and health is well established, but explanations for this association are not. Well educated people experience better health than the poorly educated, as indicated by high levels of self-reported health and physical functioning and low levels of morbidity, mortality, and disability. In contrast, low educational attainment is associated with high rates of infectious disease, many chronic noninfectious diseases, self-reported poor health, shorter survival when sick, and shorter life expectancy (Feldman, Makuc, Kleinman, and Cornoni-Huntley 1989; Guralnik, Land, Fillenbaum, and Branch 1993; Gutzwiller, LaVecchia, Levi, Negri, and Wietlisbach 1989; Kaplan, Haan, and Syme 1987; Kitagawa and Hauser 1973; Liu, Cedres, and Stamler 1982; Morris 1990; Pappas, Queen,
Atrial Pacing and Exercise in the Evaluation of Patients with Angina Pectoris

The anginal threshold was determined by atrial pacing in 23 patients with coronary artery disease. Twelve of the 23 subjects also performed supine exercise at progressive workloads until the onset of angina. Atrial pacing produced a fall in left ventricular stroke work index and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP); cardiac output increased, and, with the onset of angina, left ventricular dysfunction was sometimes evidenced, either by an increase in LVEDP or by an abnormal LVEDP in the postpacing period. In contrast, exercise consistently produced left ventricular dysfunction. The tension-time index at the onset of angina was similar whether the pain was induced by pacing or exercise.The atrial rate that induced angina bore little relationship to either the clinical or anatomic severity (outlined by coronary arteriography) of coronary artery disease. The exercise workload that produced angina correlated inversely with the quantitated coronary disease. Although atrial pacing is a convenient tool for the study of ischemic ventricular dysfunction, exercise testing provides a more reliable index of functional and anatomic severity of coronary artery disease.
Perceptions of Social Support Availability and Coping Behaviors Among Gay Men with HIV

Analyzing face-to-face, semistructured interviews, we discuss how perceptions of social support availability are formed among gay men coping with HIV. Experiences of receiving support increased perceived availability for specific types of support from specific individuals, but receiving support also gave these men a general sense that someone would be available for assistance. Other aspects of social relationships, such as closeness and role expectations, contributed to gay men's perceptions of support availability. The results suggest that when people with common problems cope together, collective knowledge of support availability may emerge from observations of others' support exchanges as well as from discussions of support experiences. Individuals or groups of individuals may actively create and modify their perceptions of support availability when they cope with anticipated problems. Thus, the study provided an opportunity to integrate concepts of coping and social support into the collective action and social constructionist frameworks.
Corporate social responsibility as a participative process

Corporate social responsibility is frequently defined primarily in terms of the social and environmental impact of systemic organisational activity. This misses the point. To be applicable, corporate responsibility should be understood as a process, through which individuals’ moral values and concerns are articulated. Moreover, there are important grounds for asserting that such a process should be participative, involving employees (and perhaps other stakeholders). It seems inconsistent not to respect such groups’ right to an opinion, while at the same time purporting to be ethical and responsible; also, a better alignment of organisational policy and employees’ values holds possibilities for enhanced motivation and work performance. Through such a participative process, matters of social responsibility may be identified in the expectations and moral claims of an organisation’s stakeholders. Such claims constitute prima facie obligations to which those responsible for corporate policy should attend, and where such demands conflict then dialogue is required in order to establish an appropriate course of action.
Experience-Dependent Loss of Cross-Modal Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex

We perceive the world through sensory experience. Sensory information is registered and processed by our brain in a modality specific fashion. Interestingly, studies have shown that the visual cortex of early but not late blind subjects is able to respond to touch or sound (Sadato et al., 1996; Buchel et al., 1998; Weeks et al., 2000; Gougoux et al., 2009). Here, we investigated whether sensory parcellation in adult cortex is innate or is acquired during early postnatal life in an experience-dependent manner. Furthermore, we studied the anatomical substrates and molecular pathways possibly involved in cross-modal activation and its plasticity. First, mice were reared from birth in total darkness until adulthood (DR) to replicate the human blind condition. Cross-modal activity and the underlying circuitry were analyzed. We found that DR visual cortex was strongly activated by sound stimulation using functional imaging, single-unit recording, and c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Functional analysis was followed by anatomical tracing studies, which showed ectopic projections from the auditory thalamus and auditory cortex into the secondary visual area in DR animals. The second half of our study looked at how visual experience affects cross-modal plasticity. We found that cross-modal activity and ectopic connectivity is present in normally reared young mice (25 postnatal days: P25). Normal sensory experience through the first two months of postnatal life was sufficient to decrease the number of ectopic inputs. Interestingly, exposing DR mice to visual experience as adults established transient functional sensory specificity in the visual cortex without eliminating the ectopic anatomical inputs. Lastly, we tested several molecular pathways that can potentially regulate cross-modal plasticity. We found that myelin signaling and cholinergic modulation controls the duration of cross-modal plasticity and consolidates sensory modularization. Overall, our work proposes a model of how cross-modal inputs into early sensory areas are pruned or retained depending on early life experience. This study provides insight into how the cortex develops functional specificity, and help approach disorders that exhibit abnormal sensory integration and disrupted neuronal connectivity such as Autism Spectrum Disorder.
An Analysis of the Quality and Quantity of Parent/Child Reading Utterances while Reading Different Genres.

Title of Dissertation: AN ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF PARENT/CHILD READING UTTERANCES WHILE READING DIFFERENT GENRES Cynthia A. Becker, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Wayne H. Slater Department of Curriculum and Instruction The purpose of this study was to investigate how different genres affect the quality and quantity of parent/child reading utterances. I analyzed the reading utterances of parent/child dyads with preschool aged child while reading informational and narrative books contributing to this line of research by systematically selecting books based on scholarly criteria to minimize variability within and between genres. I invited families whose children attended preschool at a private school to participate in this study. On a weekly basis, over a six week period, participating families selected an informational book and a narrative book to be read. Each newly selected book was read at least once during that week. Each reading was audio-taped and tapes were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Results indicate that genre affects both the quality and quantity of parents’ and children’s reading utterances. Both parents and children generated more total utterances and comprehension related utterances when reading informational books than when reading narrative books. Two parents demonstrated a marked increase in their use of comprehension related utterances while reading informational books than
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase genes among some Indian populations

Seven ADH genes, identified until now, located in the long arm of human chromosome 4, produce seven different isozymes involved in the metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Of the more than 500 SNPs reported in the coding and non‐coding regions of these genes in the world databases, 11 are more extensively studied. Three SNPs, ADH1B Arg47His (Exon3), ADH1B Arg369Cys (Exon9) and ADH1C Val349Ile (Exon8), are functionally validated in terms of phenotype‐genotype correlations and are in specific linkage disequilibrium (LD) with non‐coding SNPs. However, the frequency of each SNP and configuration of LD varies among populations. The Indian populations studied were conspicuous by the complete absence of African specific allele ADH1B*369Cys, the negligible frequency of East Asian specific ADH1B*47His allele and the presence of a novel SNP ADH1B A3529G (Intron3). The ADH1C*349Ile was the only functional allele polymorphic with a strong LD block in all the populations studied and the high Fst value observed for the non‐coding ADH1B Rsa1 variant was in conformity with world populations.Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:338–344, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of rural-urban migration: Case study on the Loess Plateau of Central China

As a result of China’s marketization in recent years there has been an enormous number of rural—urban migrants. Based on a case study in poor villages on the Loess Plateau of central China, and referring to the overall framework of migration theories, this article examines the social and economic characteristics of migrants and their households, and discusses to what extent rural— urban migration contributes to the social and economic development of the migrant-sending areas, especially in reducing poverty.
Activation of CYP11A and CYP11B gene promoters by the steroidogenic cell-specific transcription factor, Ad4BP.

We have examined the transcriptional activity of four cis-elements, Ad1(CRE), Ad2, Ad3, and Ad4, that are present in the promoter of the bovine CYP11B (11 beta-hydroxylase P-450) gene using beta-globin reporter gene constructs and transient transfection into steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic cell types. Only Ad1(CRE), a CRE homolog, showed forskolin-dependent transcriptional activity in adrenal tumor Y-1 cells, whereas the other elements were not able to stimulate transcription by themselves. As Ad3 and Ad4 had previously been identified as the cis-elements required for full cAMP-dependent transcription of this gene, we examined the effect of combinations of different cis-elements on the transcription of the reporter gene. In Y-1 cells, Ad1(CRE) and four tandem copies of any one of the other cis-elements substantially activated transcription in response to forskolin treatment. The template carrying Ad1(CRE) and Ad4 was also active in testicular Leydig cells, I-10, whereas it was inactive in nonsteroidogenic PC-12 cells. Transcriptional activation by the 4xAd4/Ad1(CRE) combination presumably depended on the presence of Ad4-binding protein (Ad4BP), which is absent in PC-12 cells, as shown by immunoblot analysis. This was confirmed by cotransfecting an expression vector for Ad4BP into PC-12 cells, which caused forskolin-dependent transcription to increase in proportion to the amount of expression vector. In Y-1 cells, transcriptional activation by forskolin was mimicked by cotransfection of an expression vector for the catalytic subunit of protein kinase-A. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IPv6 and multicast filtering for high-performance multimedia applications

It is widely acknowledged that the IPv4 address space will be close to exhaustion within the next few years, and the future growth of the Internet increasingly depends on the timely deployment and availability of IPv6. Both the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and the Australian Government have recently issued statements pushing for the adoption of IPv6. This paper reports on our experiences in migrating CSIROpsilas multicast-based high-performance multimedia platform, currently used in medical conferencing and remote education applications, to IPv6. Application code changes, along with network equipment configuration, are discussed. Additionally, to optimise network bandwidth and end system resource usage, we implement and compare three multicast filtering techniques: at the application, in the OS kernel, and in the network via source specific multicast (SSM). We show that the integrated multicast support in IPv6 allows high-performance multimedia applications to be enhanced with minimum effort when migrating to IPv6.
Distinct tachykinin NK1 receptor function in primate nucleus tractus solitarius neurons is dysregulated after second‐hand tobacco smoke exposure

Second‐hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure in children increases the risk of asthma and sudden infant death syndrome. Epidemiological and experimental data have suggested SHS can alter neuroplasticity in the CNS, associated with substance P. We hypothesized that exposure to SHS in young primates changed the effect of substance P on the plasticity of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), where airway sensory information is first processed in the CNS.
Effect of denture cleansing agents on tensile and shear bond strengths of soft liners to acrylic denture base

Background. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Corega and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite cleansing agents on the shear and tensile bond strengths of GC soft liner to denture base. Methods. A total of 144 samples (72 samples for tensile and 72 for shear bond strength evaluations) were prepared. The samples in each group were subdivided into three subgroups in terms of the cleansing agent used (2.5% sodium hypochlorite, Corega and distilled water [control group]). All the samples were stored in distilled water, during which each sample was immersed for 15 minutes daily in sodium hypochlorite or Corega solutions. After 20 days the tensile and shear bond strengths were determined using a universal testing machine. In addition, a stereomicroscope was used to evaluate fracture modes. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, using SPSS 16. Results. The results of post hoc Tukey tests showed significant differences in the mean tensile and shear bond strength values between the sodium hypochlorite group with Corega and control groups (P=0.001 for comparison of tensile bond strengths between the sodium hypochlorite and control groups, and P<0.001 for the comparison of tensile bond strengths between the sodium hypochlorite and Corega groups and the shear bond strengths between the sodium hypochlorite and Corega groups, and sodium hypochlorite and control groups). The majority of failures were cohesive in the control and Corega groups and cohesive/adhesive in the sodium hypochlorite group. Conclusion. Immersion of soft liners in Corega will result in longevity of soft liners compared to immersion in sodium hypochlorite solution and sodium hypochlorite solution significantly decreased the tensile and shear bond strengths compared to the control and Corega groups.
A dialectical behavior therapy program for people with an eating disorder and borderline personality disorder--description and outcome.

OBJECTIVE To describe and evaluate a full dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) program for people with comorbid eating disorder and borderline personality disorder. The program included a novel skills training module written especially for eating-disordered patients. METHOD The program was run for 18 months. Days in hospital and major acts of self-harm were counted for the 18 months before and after DBT. RESULTS There were no dropouts from the program. The patients seemed to benefit. Most patients were neither eating disordered nor self-harming at follow-up. DISCUSSION Full DBT is an expensive and demanding treatment but deserves consideration for patients with an eating disorder and co-morbid borderline personality disorder and self-harm. There is a need for a more systematic and thorough evaluation.
Annexin–Actin Interactions

The actin cytoskeleton is a malleable framework of polymerised actin monomers that may be rapidly restructured to enable diverse cellular activities such as motility, endocytosis and cytokinesis. The regulation of actin dynamics involves the coordinated activity of numerous proteins, among which members of the annexin family of Ca2+‐ and phospholipid‐binding proteins play an important role. Although the roles of annexins in actin dynamics are not understood at a mechanistic level, annexins have the requisite properties to integrate Ca2+‐signaling with actin dynamics at membrane contact sites. In this review we discuss the current state of knowledge on this topic, and consider how and where annexins may fit into the complex molecular machinery that regulates the actin cytoskeleton.
Motivation and Schooling in the Middle Grades

This review examines recent developments in research on social-cognitive theories of motivation during adolescence and the ways in which such research can be applied to the reform of middle grade schools. While there is ample evidence that the environments in many middle grade schools are antithetical to the needs of early adolescents, few reform efforts have emerged which consider the motivational and developmental needs of youth. This article suggests that effective reform must consider the multiple contexts in which students interact. Recent examples of reform at the classroom and school level using a goal theory perspective are presented.
Is emotional intelligence important in predicting service-oriented organisational citizenship behaviour?

The purpose of this study is to empirically test a model linking emotional intelligence and service-oriented organisational citizenship behaviour. Data was collected from a sample of 438 customer-contact employees in the Malaysian hotel industry and tested using the partial least squares technique. The statistical results indicate that emotional intelligence was able to predict employees’ service-oriented organisational citizenship behaviours (SO-OCBs). In general, the dimensions of emotional intelligence, self-emotional appraisal, other’s emotion appraisal, use of emotion and regulation of emotion, had a positive and significant relationship with all three OCB types. However, two relationships were insignificant, self-emotion appraisal and participation OCB, and other’s emotion appraisal and loyalty OCB.
The Students in Front of Us

The implementation of education policies requiring the turnaround of persistently low-achieving schools has demanded reforms that will not only improve achievement, but also deliver results in a short period of time. To meet such demands, Jefferson County Public Schools educators implemented Project Proficiency (PP). Results from state-administered mathematics tests demonstrated that all participating schools reported substantial increases in student proficiency. We examined the impact of PP on the performance of students, who met dropout predictive criteria established by Balfanz, Herzog, and MacIver. Study results suggested that PP students at risk of dropout realized meaningful and statistically significant achievement gains.
Speech/music discrimination for multimedia applications

Automatic discrimination of speech and music is an important tool in many multimedia applications. Previous work has focused on using long-term features such as differential parameters, variances and time-averages of spectral parameters. These classifiers use features estimated over windows of 0.5-5 seconds, and are relatively complex. We present our results of combining the line spectral frequencies (LSFs) and zero crossing-based features for frame-level narrowband speech/music discrimination. Our classification results for different types of music and speech show the good discriminating power of these features. Our classification algorithms operate using only a frame delay of 20 ms, making them suitable for real-time multimedia applications.
Stigma for Seeking Therapy

The current study examined the associations among clients’ perceptions of self- and social stigma for seeking help, session outcomes, and working alliance. Ninety-one clients were treated by 26 therapists, at a large university counseling center. All clients were currently in therapy. We expected that clients’ perceptions of self- and social stigma would be negatively associated with session outcomes and working alliance, after controlling for number of sessions, psychological well-being, and client and therapist race/ethnicity and sex. The results showed that clients’ perceptions of self-stigma (but not social stigma) were negatively associated with working alliance. Counter to our expectations, clients’ perceptions of social stigma were positively associated with session outcomes. Although clients’ perceptions of self-stigma did not have a direct association with session outcomes, there was an indirect effect between self-stigma and session outcomes via working alliance.