Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualities of qualitative research: part I.

Many important medical education research questions cry out for a qualitative research approach: How do teacher characteristics affect learning? Why do learners choose particular specialties? How is professionalism influenced by experiences, mentors, or the curriculum? The medical paradigm, the “hard” science most often taught in medical schools, usually employs quantitative approaches.1 As a result, clinicians 5 be less familiar with qualitative research or its applicability to medical education questions. For these why types of questions, qualitative or mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches 5 be more appropriate and helpful.2 Thus, we wish to encourage submissions to the Journal of Graduate Medical Education that are for qualitative purposes or use qualitative methods. This editorial is the first in a series of two, and it will provide an introduction to qualitative approaches and compare features of quantitative and qualitative research. The second editorial will review in more detail the approaches for selecting participants, analyzing data, and ensuring rigor and study quality in qualitative research. The aims of the editorials are to enhance readers' understanding of articles using this approach and to encourage more researchers to explore qualitative approaches.
Histological Characterization of Microlesions Induced by Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Background: Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) has been shown to have a potential for apparently reversible side effects related to the interaction of ultrasound with the contrast microbubbles, including premature ventricular contractions and microvascular leakage. We investigated the potential for high‐dose MCE to induce histologically definable microlesions. Methods: Myocardial contrast echocardiography with 1:4 end‐systolic triggering was performed at 1.5 MHz and 1.7 mechanical index in a short axis view of the left ventricle in rats. Two high doses (500 μl/kg) of Optison® agent were given 5 minutes apart during 10 minutes of echocardiography. For histology, the hearts were perfused and fixed in 10% neutral‐buffered formalin. Slides from rats sacrificed 1 day after MCE were scored blind by a pathologist, and, in addition, photomicrographs in the anterior half were evaluated by digital image analysis. Results: In rats sacrificed 10 minutes after MCE, microvascular leakage and petechiae were highly significant. However, lesions displaying necrotic debris associated with inflammatory infiltrates were not histologically evident at this time. Heart samples 24 hours after MCE showed microlesions with inflammatory infiltrates scattered primarily over the anterior half of the sections. Pathologically, there was inflammatory cell infiltration in areas of 0.6 ± 0.5% for shams and 3.6 ± 3.6% for MCE (P < 0.01). Analysis of photographs from the anterior wall found microlesion areas of 0.5 ± 0.8% for shams and 7.4 ± 5.0% for MCE (P < 0.02). For rats sacrificed 1 week and 6 weeks after MCE, the microlesions healed to form small fibrous regions interspersed with normal myocytes. Conclusion: High‐dose MCE has a potential for causing microscale lesions in the myocardium and the possibility of therapeutic applications.
Role of Src Family Kinases in Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis

ABSTRACT Proper regulation of epithelial cell turnover is important for the structural integrity and homeostasis of various tissues, including the intestine. Here we show that ablation of Csk, a negative regulator of Src family kinases (SFKs), specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) resulted in the development of hyperplasia throughout the intestinal epithelium of mice. Such conditional ablation of Csk also increased the proliferative activity and turnover of IECs, disturbed the differentiation of Paneth and goblet cells, reduced the number of intestinal stem cells, and attenuated the expression of Wnt target genes in the intestine. Moreover, the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the activities of both Rac and Yes-associated protein (YAP) were increased in intestinal crypts or organoids of the mutant mice, whereas inhibition of Rac or YAP activity rescued the mutant phenotypes. Our results thus suggest that SFKs promote the proliferation of IECs in intestinal crypts through activation of Rac or YAP and that they thereby contribute to the proper regulation of IEC turnover and intestinal homeostasis.
Inactivation of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Reduces Bile Acid/Farnesoid X Receptor Expression through Fxr gene CpG Methylation in Mouse Colon Tumors and Human Colon Cancer Cells.

BACKGROUND The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bile acid (BA) metabolism and possesses tumor suppressor functions. FXR expression is reduced in colorectal tumors of subjects carrying inactivated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Identifying the mechanisms responsible for this reduction may offer new molecular targets for colon cancer prevention. OBJECTIVE We investigated how APC inactivation influences the regulation of FXR expression in colonic mucosal cells. We hypothesized that APC inactivation would epigenetically repress nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 (FXR gene name) expression through increased CpG methylation. METHODS Normal proximal colonic mucosa and normal-appearing adjacent colonic mucosa and colon tumors were collected from wild-type C57BL/6J and Apc-deficient (Apc(Min) (/+)) male mice, respectively. The expression of Fxr, ileal bile acid-binding protein (Ibabp), small heterodimer partner (Shp), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In both normal and adjacent colonic mucosa and colon tumors, we measured CpG methylation of Fxr in bisulfonated genomic DNA. In vitro, we measured the impact of APC inactivation and deoxycholic acid (DCA) treatment on FXR expression in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells transfected with silencing RNA for APC and HT-29 cells carrying inactivated APC. RESULTS In Apc(Min) (/+) mice, constitutive CpG methylation of the Fxrα3/4 promoter was linked to reduced (60-90%) baseline Fxr, Ibabp, and Shp and increased Cox-2 expression in apparently normal adjacent mucosa and colon tumors. Apc knockdown in HCT-116 cells increased cellular myelocytomatosis (c-MYC) and lowered (∼50%) FXR expression, which was further reduced (∼80%) by DCA. In human HCT-116 but not HT-29 colon cancer cells, DCA induced FXR expression and lowered CpG methylation of FXR. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the loss of APC function favors the silencing of FXR expression through CpG hypermethylation in mouse colonic mucosa and human colon cells, leading to reduced expression of downstream targets (SHP, IBABP) involved in BA homeostasis while increasing the expression of factors (COX-2, c-MYC) that contribute to inflammation and colon cancer.
miRNA-mRNA integrative analysis in primary myelofibrosis CD34+ cells unveils the role of miR-155/JARID2 axis in abnormal megakaryopoiesis

characterized by megakaryocyte hyperplasia, bone marrow fibrosis, and abnormal stem cell trafficking. PMF may be associated with somatic mutations in JAK2 , MPL , or CALR . Previous studies have shown that abnormal megakaryocytes play a central role in the pathophysiology of PMF. In this work, we studied both gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in CD34+ cells from PMF patients. We identified several biomarkers and putative molecular targets such as FGR , LCN2 , and OLFM4 . By means of miRNA-gene expression integrative analysis, we found different regulatory networks involved in the dysregulation of transcriptional control and chromatin remodeling. In particular, we identified a network gathering several oncomiRs (e.g., miR-155-5p) and targeted genes whose abnormal function has been previously associated to myeloid neoplasms, including JARID2 , NR4A3 , CDC42 , and HMGB3 . Since the validation of miRNA-target interactions unveiled JARID2 /miR-155-5p as the strongest relationship in the network, we studied the function of this axis in normal and PMF CD34+ cells. We showed that JARID2 downregulation mediated by miR-155-5p overexpression leads to increased in vitro formation of CD41+ megakaryocyte precursors. These findings suggest that overexpression of miR-155-5p and the resulting downregulation of JARID2 may contribute to megakaryocyte hyperplasia in PMF. P . 05 Abbreviations: Neg-mimic, miRNA mimic Negative Control; h, hours; CFU, colony-forming unit; Neg-INH, miRNA inhibitor Negative Control.
9 Controller Reduction Using Accuracy-Enhancing Methods

The efficient solution of several classes of controller approximation problems by using frequency-weighted balancing related model reduction approaches is considered. For certain categories of performance and stability enforcing frequencyweights, the computation of the frequency-weighted controllability and observability Gramians can be achieved by solving reduced order Lyapunov equations. All discussed approaches can be used in conjunction with square-root and balancing-free accuracy enhancing techniques. For a selected class of methods robust numerical software is available.
The Peace Pack: A Computerized Online Assessment of School Bullying

School bullying is an international problem with harmful outcomes for those involved. This study describes the design and field testing of an innovative computer-based social learning tool for assessing student perceptions of bullying developed for an Australian intervention program called the P.E. A.C. E. Pack. Students rate their peer group behavior on a series of Likert scales, provide open-ended responses, and can watch a film which they can comment on. As a social learning tool, the computerized assessment of peer victimization provides schools with an efficient system for feedback regarding bullying at a time when internationally many schools systems are being mandated to gather and report data on bullying. The system was field tested in two settings. The findings confirmed the approach kept the students engaged and pedagogically motivated. The advantages and disadvantages of using computerized assessments in school settings for anti-bullying recommendations tailored to individual and group interests is discussed.
Knowledge Graph Embedding via Dynamic Mapping Matrix

Knowledge graphs are useful resources for numerous AI applications, but they are far from completeness. Previous work such as TransE, TransH and TransR/CTransR regard a relation as translation from head entity to tail entity and the CTransR achieves state-of-the-art performance. In this paper, we propose a more fine-grained model named TransD, which is an improvement of TransR/CTransR. In TransD, we use two vectors to represent a named symbol object (entity and relation). The first one represents the meaning of a(n) entity (relation), the other one is used to construct mapping matrix dynamically. Compared with TransR/CTransR, TransD not only considers the diversity of relations, but also entities. TransD has less parameters and has no matrix-vector multiplication operations, which makes it can be applied on large scale graphs. In Experiments, we evaluate our model on two typical tasks including triplets classification and link prediction. Evaluation results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Islam in the Digital Age: Counseling and Fatwas at the Click of a Mouse

Â€œOnline fatwasâ€ and â€œVirtual Counselingâ€ are a major concern for the global community. The introduction, growth, and utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have created new public spheres where different concepts of coexistence between Islam and the State are discussed. With respect to cyberspace, the Internet brings ijtihad â€“ related issues into sharp focus, when any individuals can proclaim themselves as an authority on Islam, qualified to make pronouncements and issue fatwas. Online religious forums are not exclusively to provide Islamic advice, but also allow Internet users to meet and interact with others who share their faith, beliefs, and values from the privacy of their homes. Whilst this advantage for petitioners has been overemphasized in cyber studies in general, in relation to Cyber Islamic Environments some unique themes are raised. These include issues linked to whether online Islamic advice is binding or not, and the implications on Internet users asking the question. Should advice ignoring the traditional Islamic models endorsed by al â€“ Azhar or solicited by email be followed? Is the moral dimension the same as receiving a fatwa from a scholar in non electronic context? This article approaches some of these issues and examines how the Islamic sites change the process of decision making and construction of Islamic knowledge within Muslims.
Inoculating Against Pro-Plagiarism Justifications: Rational and Affective Strategies

Student plagiarism continues to threaten academic integrity. This investigation assessed whether an inoculation message strategy could combat university plagiarism by protecting student attitudes against pro-plagiarism justification arguments. Additionally, we sought theoretical confirmation of previous findings on involvement and accessibility in inoculation, examined the effects on vested interest, and evaluated matching and mismatching strategies in terms of affect- and rationality-based inoculation treatment messages and subsequent attack messages. A total of 225 students participated in three sessions spanning six weeks. Results indicated that none of the inoculation treatments conferred resistance as measured in attitude toward plagiarism, but all treatments enhanced involvement and attitude accessibility, and the fear- and rationality-based treatments enhanced vested interest. Additionally, fear-based treatments derogated the source of the message. Results also suggest that a matching strategy is superior with both affect- and rationality-based attack messages, such that inoculation treatments are most effective when using the same argument bases (e.g., affective or rational) as the attack message. These results offer guidance for crafting communication campaign strategies to reduce the occurrence of student plagiarism offenses.
Effect of rest interval on cardiovascular responses after resistance exercise

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the acute effect of rest interval length on cardiovascular response after resistance exercise. METHODS: Twenty young eutrophic men (23.9 ± 0.7 years;23.8 ± 0.5 kg/m²) performed two experimental sessions in a random order: resistance exercise with a 30-second (I30) and with a 90-second (I90) rest interval between sets. Both sessions included five exercises with 50% of the one-repetition maximum. Before and 24 hours after the experimental sessions, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product (RPP) were obtained. RESULTS: The SBP, DBP and RPP responses were similar between the I30 and I90 sessions (p>0.05), while the HR after I30 was significantly higher than after I90 (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: Different recovery intervals did not promote post-exercise hypotension, however, a short rest interval increases heart rate for 1 hour after exercise. In addition, within 24 hours of the responses were similar between groups.
Genetic alterations in the adenoma–carcinoma sequence

Tumorigenesis is thought to be a multistep process in which genetic alterations accumulate, ultimately producing the neoplastic phenotype. A model was proposed to explain the genetic basis of colorectal neoplasia that included several salient features. First, colorectal tumors appear to occur as a result of the mutational activation of oncogenes coupled with the inactivation of tumor‐suppressor genes. Second, mutations in at least four or five genes are required to produce a malignant tumor. Third, although the genetic alterations often occur in a preferred sequence, the total accumulation of changes, rather than their chronologic order of appearance, is responsible for determining the tumor's biologic properties. Several different genetic alterations were identified that occur during colorectal tumorigenesis. Activational mutation of the ras oncogene was found in approximately 50% of colonic carcinomas and in a similar percentage of intermediate‐stage and late‐stage adenomas, Allelic deletions were discovered of specific portions of chromosomes 5, 17, and 18, which presumably harbor tumor‐suppressor genes. The target of allelic loss events on chromosome 17 has been shown to be the p53 gene, which is mutated, not only in colonic cancer, but also in a large percentage of other human solid tumors. The gene dcc recently was identified this candidate tumor‐suppressor gene on chromosome 18 appears to be altered in colorectal carcinomas. The protein encoded by the dcc gene has significant sequence similarity to neural cell adhesion molecules and other related cell‐surface glycoproteins. By mediating cell‐cell and cell‐substrate interactions, this class of molecules may have important functions in mediating cell growth and differentiation. Alterations of the dcc gene may interfere with maintenance of these controls and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal neoplasia. Another candidate tumor‐suppressor gene also was identified on chromosome 5, mcc (for mutated in colorectal cancers). The mcc genetic alterations include one tumor with somatic rearrangement of one mcc allele and several tumors with somatically acquired point mutations in the coding region. Studies currently are ongoing to (1) identify additional tumor‐suppressor gene candidates, (2) increase our understanding of normal tumor‐suppressor gene function, and (3) demonstrate the functional tumor‐suppressor ability of these genes both in vivo and in vitro.
[Food insecurity and nutritional status of preschool children in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE To describe the relation between malnutrition and food insecurity (FI) in preschool children from Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS Information of 10 513 preschool children and their families was analyzed. The FI was measured through the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Adjusted prevalence of FI and malnutrition with related variables were assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS 31% of households had moderate and server FI. Rural and south, indigenous households, in the Q1 and Q2, showed the highest prevalence of moderate and severe FI as well. We observed a high tendency of malnutrition in the severe FI group; the prevalence of overweight was similar in the four groups of FI. Conclusions. The risk of chronic malnutrition is 42% bigger in children less than five years old with severe FI than in those that experienced food security.
Correlates of Self-Esteem

The current study examined the relation between self-esteem and the Big Five personality dimensions. Data were collected over the Internet from a large heterogeneous sample of individuals who ranged in age from 9 to 90 years (N 5 326,641). Collectively, the Big Five accounted for 34% of the variance in self-esteem. High self-esteem individuals were emotionally stable, extraverted, and conscientious and were somewhat agreeable and open to experience. Despite an extensive search for potential mediators and moderators of this general pattern, the relations between self-esteem and the Big Five largely cut across age, sex, social class, ethnicity, and nationality (United States vs non-United States). High self-esteem individuals tended to ascribe socially desirable traits to themselves, and this tendency partially mediated relations between the Big Five and self-esteem. Discussion focuses on interpreting the social desirability effects, limitations of the study, and directions for future research.  2001 Academic Press
Laughing White Men

The complex social production of white racial identity is the focus of this article. Drawing from a larger interview study conducted in a rural white community in the Midwest, I explore how Frank, a high school teacher, experienced being white. I pay particular attention to Frank's descriptions of two white spaces in which he said he participated: one that he called a "basement culture," characterized by laughter and racist and sexist humor, and another that he described as more formal and "politically-correct. " Ralph Ellison thought that white racial identity was created in various scapegoating rituals, such as lynching and racist humor. With Ellison's help, I interpret a long comic story that Frank told about selling his van to Mexican immigrants, in which Frank was the butt of the joke, as an example of a scapegoating ritual that just might be compatible with a democratic project.
Language proficiency and socio-cultural orientation of Turkish and Moroccan youngsters in the Netherlands

In this study, data and discourses on immigrant minority groups and languages other than Dutch at home and at school are presented in order to contextualise the status of Turkish and Moroccan communities and their languages in the Netherland. Patterns of language use, choice and attitudes of Turkish (n = 63) and Moroccan (n = 64) youngsters in the Netherlands are documented and discussed. The findings of this study show that pride in one's socio-cultural and linguistic backgrounds is not coupled with maintenance of the community language. Arabic and Berber informants report high attachment to their cultural backgrounds but their actual community language use is very restricted compared to their Dutch language use. They clearly shift to Dutch in most domains of language use. Turkish youngsters, on the other hand, show strong language maintenance patterns and their socio-cultural orientation is congruent with their language behaviour. While Moroccan youngsters identify more strongly with Islamic practices, Turkish youngsters identify strongly with the Turkish language. This, in turn, suggests that strong religious attachment does not affect community language maintenance but a strong identification with the community language does contribute to language maintenance. Apparently, for Turkish youngsters, cultural self-awareness goes hand in hand with linguistic self-awareness.
Differences and similarities in the use of the portfolio and personal development plan for career guidance in various vocational schools in The Netherlands

In The Netherlands, a growing number of vocational education and training institutes are implementing competence‐based approaches to learning, including new career guidance practices. These practices often involve instruments such as portfolios or personal development plans, and are aimed at supporting students in their search for a sense of direction, occupational choice and developing their identities. In this study perceptions of teachers, career counsellors and students on portfolios and personal development plans for career development were investigated at two vocational schools and one prevocational school. The results suggest that these instruments are perceived to be useful when used in a dialogical context. If used in a context without reflexive dialogues between teachers and students, students perceived the instruments as not useful and showed coping behaviour, such as not committing themselves to the actual goals or completing the instruments for external purposes/credits only.
The High Line, “The Balloon,” and Heterotopia

The High Line, a new park on an old elevated railway on Manhattan, is an otherworldly space that invites an understanding in terms of Foucault’s concept of heterotopia. However, this often-used term requires critical reflection, particularly to extend it beyond the immediately spatial to include the realm of the discursive. To this end, an analysis of the High Line is paired with a reading of a similarly different space in Donald Barthelme’s short story “The Balloon. ” Bringing together a real park and a literary space shows how Foucault’s concept requires combining the focus on the spatial in “Of Other Spaces” with the focus on structural order in The Order of Things, if it is to be used for understanding not just theoretical or fictional but also actual spaces.