Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Family Communication Patterns Buffer Children from Difficulties Associated with a Parent's Military Deployment? Examining Deployed and At-home Parents’ Perspectives

Based on models of family resiliency, this study explored whether deployed and at-home parents’ reports of family communication patterns were associated with reported child difficulties and prosocial behavior during a military parent's deployment. Participants were National Guard families attending yellow-ribbon reintegration events. Parents completed the Revised Family Communication Patterns short-form measure as well as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire about their oldest child. For deployed parents, conversation orientation was associated with fewer reported child behavioral problems and more prosocial child behavior during the reunion period, suggesting that conversation orientation serves as a protective factor as service members reintegrate into the family. At-home parents’ reports of conversation orientation were not significantly associated with their reports of child difficulties or prosocial behavior. Future research needs to clarify how the communicative behaviors of deployed and at-home parents might function differently in promoting children's resiliency during a military parent's deployment and return.
Beyond PASCAL: A benchmark for 3D object detection in the wild

3D object detection and pose estimation methods have become popular in recent years since they can handle ambiguities in 2D images and also provide a richer description for objects compared to 2D object detectors. However, most of the datasets for 3D recognition are limited to a small amount of images per category or are captured in controlled environments. In this paper, we contribute PASCAL3D+ dataset, which is a novel and challenging dataset for 3D object detection and pose estimation. PASCAL3D+ augments 12 rigid categories of the PASCAL VOC 2012 [4] with 3D annotations. Furthermore, more images are added for each category from ImageNet [3]. PASCAL3D+ images exhibit much more variability compared to the existing 3D datasets, and on average there are more than 3,000 object instances per category. We believe this dataset will provide a rich testbed to study 3D detection and pose estimation and will help to significantly push forward research in this area. We provide the results of variations of DPM [6] on our new dataset for object detection and viewpoint estimation in different scenarios, which can be used as baselines for the community. Our benchmark is available online at http://cvgl.stanford. edu/projects/pascal3d.
Differences in glycoprotein complexes associated with IgM and IgD on normal murine B cells potentially enable transduction of different signals.

Studies presented here demonstrate that IgM and IgD molecules on normal murine B lymphocytes exist in different, noncovalently associated molecular complexes containing distinct but potentially related glycoproteins. The glycoproteins in these complexes, particularly those associated with IgD, show striking differences in various lymphoid organs and in X‐linked immunodeficient (Xid) mice. These differences are due in part to post‐translational processing. They apparently reflect the differential expression of the Ig‐associated glycoproteins in the various B cell subpopulations and lineages and the differential distribution of the subpopulations and lineages in the various lymphoid organs. In addition, they reflect structural differences in the IgM and IgD complexes which, we suggest, permit differential signal transduction by IgM and IgD on the same B cell.
The efficacy of personal knowledge bases for materializing mental impressions

Software tools abound for managing documents and other information sources, but are rarely used to store the mental knowledge readers glean from reading them. Hence our conceptual understanding - perhaps our most precious commodity in the so-called "information age" - is normally left subject to the whims of our erratic memories. This thesis explores the concept of a personal knowledge base : an experimental database and interface designed to store and retrieve a user's accumulated personal knowledge. It aims to let the user represent information in a way that corresponds more naturally to their mental conceptions than textual notes would. People naturally form mental models of the domains they explore and learn about, and a personal knowledge base allows these to be expressed and archived directly. They need not be converted first to text, a representation which is actually alien to much of the human thought process. A personal knowledge base reflects a user's own subjective understanding of their world, permitting alternate views of the same objective data. And just as each person has many ideas from different domains tied together through perceived associations, it supports an integrated web of knowledge, potentially mirroring the entire contents of its owner's mind. After defining the notion of a personal knowledge base precisely, and outlining its role in a user's life and expected benefits, this thesis provides the design rationale for a prototype application. It then presents the results of deploying it to twenty volunteers who used it in real-world settings for extended periods of time. The results suggest that such a tool can be a tremendous asset for a variety of knowledge-related tasks, although commitment, discipline, and a willingness to alter one's habits are prerequisites for maximum success. It also sheds some light on the ways people typically work with knowledge, and suggests that unless these patterns are changed, they may ultimately form limitations on the effectiveness of such a tool, and indeed on our use of knowledge in general.
Isolation of Rare Tumor Cells from Blood Cells with Buoyant Immuno-Microbubbles

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are exfoliated at various stages of cancer, and could provide invaluable information for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. There is an urgent need for the development of cost-efficient and scalable technologies for rare CTC enrichment from blood. Here we report a novel method for isolation of rare tumor cells from excess of blood cells using gas-filled buoyant immuno-microbubbles (MBs). MBs were prepared by emulsification of perfluorocarbon gas in phospholipids and decorated with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody. EpCAM-targeted MBs efficiently (85%) and rapidly (within 15 minutes) bound to various epithelial tumor cells suspended in cell medium. EpCAM-targeted MBs efficiently (88%) isolated frequent tumor cells that were spiked at 100,000 cells/ml into plasma-depleted blood. Anti-EpCAM MBs efficiently (>77%) isolated rare mouse breast 4T1, human prostate PC-3 and pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells spiked into 1, 3 and 7 ml (respectively) of plasma-depleted blood. Using EpCAM targeted MBs CTCs from metastatic cancer patients were isolated, suggesting that this technique could be developed into a valuable clinical tool for isolation, enumeration and analysis of rare cells.
Estresse e autoconceito em pais e mães de crianças com a síndrome do X-frágil

The Fragile X Syndrome is the major inherited intellectual disability, superseded only by Down Syndrome, and it is transmitted mostly by females. Patients with Fragile X Syndrome show a set of physical, clinical, behavioral and cognitive features that may impact the family structures, especially the parental figures. This study investigates the stress and self-concept of 15 parents of boys with Fragile X Syndrome, 15 parents of boys with Down syndrome and 15 with typical development accordingly to the biopsychosocial model of Bradford. The results showed a significant difference of self-concept between mothers of children with Fragile X Syndrome and typical developmental groups, but not in those with Down Syndrome, suggesting that the transmission factor solely does not explain differences in self-concept.
Comprehensive Study of the Electron Scattering Mechanisms in 4H-SiC MOSFETs

The effects of doping concentration and temperature upon the transport properties in the channel of lateral n-channel SiC MOSFETs have been studied using current-voltage and Hall-effect measurements. To interpret the electrical measurements, numerical TCAD simulations have been performed. A simulation methodology that includes the calculation of the Hall factor in the channel of SiC MOSFETs has been developed and applied. In addition, a new model for the bulk mobility has been suggested to explain the temperature dependence of the MOSFET characteristics with different background doping concentrations. Based on the good agreement between the simulated and the measured results, scattering mechanisms in the channel of SiC MOSFETs have been studied.
Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Snyder Hope Scale in a Sample of High School Students

C. R. Snyder conceptualized hope as a cognitive construct that reflects people’s motivation and capacity to strive toward personally relevant goals. Using this definition, Snyder and colleagues developed and validated the Hope Scale (HS). This study is the first study to examine the psychometric properties of the HS in a sample of high school students (N = 1,012 Portuguese students). Reliability, factor structure, and criterion-related validity were investigated. The results support the psychometric properties of the scale, as well as the two-factor structure of Agency and Pathways. Findings from this study suggest that the HS can be used with high school students and Portuguese-speaking samples.
Towards an Understanding of Mental Toughness in Elite English Cricketers

Abstract Mental toughness is a critical element in contemporary international cricket. However, little is known beyond the obvious basics of what constitutes mental toughness in an English cricketer. This study addressed two main objectives: 1) develop a greater understanding of what mental toughness is within cricket, and 2) identify how existing mentally tough English cricketers developed their mental toughness. Twelve English cricketers identified as being among the mentally toughest during the previous 20 years were interviewed. Analysis of the focused interview transcripts identified the critical role of the player's environment in influencing ‘Tough Character,’ ‘Tough Attitudes,’ and ‘Tough Thinking. ’ The global themes are presented in a mental toughness framework that has been used to disseminate the findings to the cricket coaching and playing population in England. The contrasting and complementary nature of the global themes are used to help provide a structural appreciation of the need for consistent interaction between environment, character, attitudes, and thinking in order that a performer can consistently be considered as mentally tough in cricket. Implications of the findings in relation to the delivery of sport psychology support within English cricket are also highlighted.
Adoption of Clinical Data Exchange in Community Settings: A Comparison of Two Approaches

Adoption of electronic clinical data exchange (CDE) across disparate healthcare organizations remains low in community settings despite demonstrated benefits. To expand CDE in communities, New York State funded sixteen community-based organizations to implement point-to-point directed exchange (n=8) and multi-site query-based health information exchange (HIE) (n=8). We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare adoption of directed exchange versus query-based HIE. From 2008 to 2011, 66% (n=1,747) of providers targeted for directed exchange and 21% (n=5,427) of providers targeted for query-based HIE adopted CDE. Funding per provider adoptee was almost two times greater for directed exchange (median (interquartile range): $25,535 ($17,391-$42,240)) than query-based HIE ($14,649 ($9,897-$28,078)), although the difference was not statistically significant. Because its infrastructure can cover larger populations using similar levels of public funding, query-based HIE may scale more broadly than directed exchange. To our knowledge, this is among the first studies to compare directed exchange versus query-based HIE.
Sex and Age Differences in Self-Reported Distress Among Affluent Adolescents in an Educational Counselling Setting in the United States

This study investigated the most strongly endorsed problems for a group of affluent suburban girls (n = 58) and boys (n = 148), between ages 13 to 18, who were referred for educational counselling in the United States. Considerable overlap existed for male and female adolescents with regard to their most frequently reported problems, with boys and girls reporting seven common endorsements. Of particular interest was the prominence of items related to depression, compulsivity and achievement. Girls tended to report more depressive symptoms, whereas boys tended to report more symptoms related to compulsivity and achievement. Additionally, a significantage by sex interaction emerged for items related to achievement issues. Implications of these results for working with youth in cross-national educational counselling settings are discussed.
Facilitation in the Wason selection task with a consequent referring to an unsatisfactory outcome

It is assumed that when the outcome mentioned in the consequent of a conditional statement refers to an unsatisfactory event, subjects may look for information about the other alternative and thus be prompted to select the q card in the Wason selection task more often. Experiment 1 tested 80 adult subjects on four sentences where a change in wording was used to denote a change in the value of the outcome, for example: ‘if one chooses school P, one is sure of passing (failing) the exam’. Each subject had to solve the Wason selection task with four different sentences and two values of the outcome. For each sentence subjects were invited to assume they had a specified goal, for example to pass an exam. The frequency of the selection of the q card was 64 per cent with an unsatisfactory outcome compared to 27 per cent with a satisfactory outcome, and the frequency of the correct answer pq was 21 versus 6 per cent. In Expt 2 the effect of the outcome value was duplicated when a goal was specified, but was not significant when no goal was specified. The results are interpreted as showing that a goal assigns different degrees of pertinence to pieces of information.
Shortest Paths in Networks

Finding the shortest path between two points in a network is a fundamental problem in computer science with many applications. By exploiting properties of the underlying networks we improve and extend one of the state-of-the-art algorithms for finding shortest paths in road networks, TRANSIT. We develop a new algorithm for finding shortest paths in public multi-modal transport networks, where we need to deal with other requirements such as multi-objectiveness, user preferences, etc. Finally we extend our technique to the completely new domain of grid networks, where one of the challenges is to deal with path symmetries.
The XMM-Newton survey in the H-ATLAS field

Wide area X-ray and far infrared surveys are a fundamental tool to investigate the link between AGN growth and star formation, especially in the low-redshift universe (z<1). The Herschel Terahertz Large Area survey (H-ATLAS) has covered 550 deg^2 in five far-infrared and sub-mm bands, 16 deg^2 of which have been presented in the Science Demonstration Phase (SDP) catalogue. Here we introduce the XMM-Newton observations in H-ATLAS SDP area, covering 7.1 deg^2 with flux limits of 2e-15, 6e-15 and 9e-15 erg/s/cm^2 in the 0.5--2, 0.5--8 and 2--8 keV bands, respectively. We present the source detection and the catalogue, which includes 1700, 1582 and 814 sources detected by Emldetect in the 0.5--8, 0.5--2 and 2--8 keV bands, respectively; the number of unique sources is 1816. We extract spectra and derive fluxes from power-law fits for 398 sources with more than 40 counts in the 0.5--8 keV band. We compare the best-fit fluxes with the catalogue ones, obtained by assuming a common photon index of Gamma=1.7; we find no bulk difference between the fluxes, and a moderate dispersion of s=0.33 dex. Using wherever possible the fluxes from the spectral fits, we derive the 2--10 keV LogN-LogS, which is consistent with a Euclidean distribution. Finally, we release computer code for the tools developed for this project.
Expertise in Principals' Problem Solving

To identify the central elements in school principals 'problem-solving processes and the differences between "experts" and their more typical colleagues, 22 elementary principals were interviewed. We analyzed their responses to brief hypothetical case problems and proposeda model of problem-solving components. Differences between expert and typical principals were most evident in response to "messy" or ill-structured problems.
Heart rate variability as stress indicator Summary

Using a portable ECG data logger, heart rate variability (HRV) in horses was measured under controlled(resting-), mental stress- and physical stress conditions. Time domain-, frequency domain- and non-linear parameters were used to describe the variations in the HRV. Simple linear parameters like SDANN and RMSSD can demonstrate that there are differences in HRV between resting conditions, mental- and physical-stress conditions but do not give an explanation about the underlying mechanisms. Fourier analysis with calculation of low and high frequency bands gives further information: physical stress is characterised by an increase in sympathetic tone and a decrease in parasympathet ic tone - a fact which is commonly accepted. No differences could be found between resting conditions and mental stress. Summarising the results of non-linear recurrence plot variables, it seems, that during different physiological states the organism shifts between various control strategies. Under resting conditions a kind of deterministic -chaotic control is preferred which changes to more strict periodic control under physical stress. Mental stress seems to be characterised by a more random influenced control which means more or less loss of control over the heart rate variability.
Police use of force: An analysis of organizational characteristics

Police use of force has become an important public policy concern and topic of research during the past few years. A number of researchers have hypothesized that the structural context of police departments may influence officers' use of force. Despite these claims, little is known on a national level about how law enforcement agencies manage and influence their officers' use of force. We analyzed data from a national probability sample of 265 agencies to examine the impact of agency-related characteristics on aggregate rates of reported police use of force. We found that agencies which require supervisors and other personnel to fill out use-of-force forms report significantly lower rates of force than agencies that allow officers to fill out their own forms. In contrast, agencies that collect use-of-force data for a specific purpose report significantly higher rates of force. The rate of violent crime in the reporting jurisdiction has the strongest association with reported use-of-force rates. Implications of this research for theory and policy are discussed.
Spindle Oscillations in Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review

Measurement of sleep microarchitecture and neural oscillations is an increasingly popular technique for quantifying EEG sleep activity. Many studies have examined sleep spindle oscillations in sleep-disordered adults; however reviews of this literature are scarce. As such, our overarching aim was to critically review experimental studies examining sleep spindle activity between adults with and without different sleep disorders. Articles were obtained using a systematic methodology with a priori criteria. Thirty-seven studies meeting final inclusion criteria were reviewed, with studies grouped across three categories: insomnia, hypersomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders (including parasomnias). Studies of patients with insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing were more abundant relative to other diagnoses. All studies were cross-sectional. Studies were largely inconsistent regarding spindle activity differences between clinical and nonclinical groups, with some reporting greater or less activity, while many others reported no group differences. Stark inconsistencies in sample characteristics (e.g., age range and diagnostic criteria) and methods of analysis (e.g., spindle bandwidth selection, visual detection versus digital filtering, absolute versus relative spectral power, and NREM2 versus NREM3) suggest a need for greater use of event-based detection methods and increased research standardization. Hypotheses regarding the clinical and empirical implications of these findings, and suggestions for potential future studies, are also discussed.
Circadian intraocular pressure rhythm is generated by clock genes.

PURPOSE The present study in a mouse model was undertaken to reveal the role of the circadian clock genes Cry1 and Cry2 in generation of 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) rhythm. METHODS IOP was measured at eight time points daily (circadian time [CT] 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 hours), using a microneedle method in four groups of C57BL/6J mice (groups 1 and 3, wild-type; groups 2 and 4, Cry-deficient [Cry1-/-Cry2-/-]). During the IOP measurements, mice in groups 1 and 2 were maintained in a 12-hour light-dark cycle (LD), whereas mice in groups 3 and 4 were kept in a constant darkness (DD) that started 24 to 48 hours before the measurements. Circadian IOP variations in each group were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffé tests. RESULTS In wild-type mice living in LD conditions, pressures measured in the light phase were significantly lower than those in the dark phase. This daily rhythm was maintained under DD conditions with low pressure in the subjective day and high pressure in the subjective night. In contrast, Cry-deficient mice did not show significant circadian changes in IOP, regardless of environmental light conditions. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that clock oscillatory mechanisms requiring the activity of core clock genes are essential for the generation of a circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure.
Efficient NTRU Implementations

In this paper, new software and hardware designs for the NTRU Public Key Cryptosystem are proposed. The first design attempts to improve NTRU’s polynomial multiplication through applying techniques from the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) to the convolution algorithm. Although the application of CRT shows promise for the creation of the inverse polynomials in the setup procedure, it does not provide any benefits to the procedures that are critical to the performance of NTRU (public key creation, encryption, and decryption). This research has identified that this is due to the small coefficients of one of the operands, which can be a common misunderstanding. The second design focuses on improving the performance of the polynomial multiplications within NTRU’s key creation, encryption, and decryption procedures through hardware. This design exploits the inherent parallelism within a polynomial multiplication to make scalability possible. The advantage scalability provides is that it allows the user to customize the design for low and high power applications. In addition, the support for arbitrary precision allows the user to meet the desired security