Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integration of Human Services into Technical GI Service Chains

E-business is emerging in the market for geographic information (GI). Mostly, offered products are data and some technical services, which do not match the demand of business customers. They require complex GI-solutions, which integrate human services, e.g., consulting, software adaptation, and training. We suggest electronic GI marketplaces for enabling GI service chains integrating technical and human services. The implementation of technical services in an internet business platform requires an ontology-based semantic description language. The most advanced language is OWL-S (formerly DAML-S). The implementation of human services in internet-based service chains also requires semantics. This paper will demonstrate by a typical business scenario, that i. OWL-S fulfills the requirements of a semantic enabling web description for human services and ii. Integration of human and technical GI services in an internet-based service chain can be implemented by the common language OWL-S and thus enhancing GI business by connecting customers and providers.
Analysis and Design of Millimeter-Wave Low-Power CMOS LNA With Transformer-Multicascode Topology

In this paper, the analysis and design of a CMOS multicascode configuration with a noise-reduction transformer topology are presented. Two low-power (LP), miniature, and wideband low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) were designed and fabricated for demonstration. One with a transformer triple-cascode configuration was designed at V-band, and the other with a transformer quadruple-cascode configuration was designed at Q-band. Both of the two LNAs were fabricated using 90-nm LP CMOS technology. To minimize the noise figure (NF) and maximize both the small-signal gain and 3-dB bandwidth, the noise-reduction transformers are designed and placed between transistors of the triple- and quadruple-cascode devices. Based on this approach, the Q-band LNA has a gain of 20.3 dB and an NF of 4.6 dB at 40 GHz, with a power consumption of 15 mW. Both of the LNA utilize a 3-V supply voltage, but the drain source voltage of each device in the multicascode configuration is below 1 V. The V-band LNA presents a gain of 12.7 dB from 43 to 58 GHz and a minimum NF of 4.7 dB at 62.5 GHz with a power consumption of 18 mW. The chip size of the V- and Q -band LNAs are 0.42×0.45 mm2 and 0.45×0.48 mm2, including all the testing pads. Compared with the conventional cascode LNAs, the proposed transformer triple-cascode LNA has a better NF, wider 3-dB bandwidth, and lower power consumption, whereas the transformer quadruple-cascode LNA features even higher gain performance.
Functional degeneration of isolated central stumps of crayfish sensory axons

In the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, nerve 5 carries primarily sensory axons from the tail fan to the 6th abdominal ganglion where they synaptically activate interneuron A. Since the sensory neurons have their somata located at the periphery, transection of nerve 5 part way to the ganglion allowed us to examine the fate of their soma‐less central stumps. Up to 3 weeks postlesion the response to stimulation of nerve 5 consisted of a brief latency spike in interneuron A, similar to that in control animals and to stimulation of the intact nerve 4. Stimulation of the lesioned nerve 5 beyond 3 weeks failed to fire interneuron A. This loss of function was correlated to loss of axons in nerve 5 deduced by comparing the numbers in the lesioned nerve 5 to its contralateral intact counterpart. The numbers are about equal in the paired nerves but rapidly decline on the lesioned side to 50% within 1 week, 20% within 3 weeks, and less than 10% in subsequent weeks. This loss affects all size classes of axons. However, in the 3 week lesioned nerve large glial infoldings subdivided some of the larger axons and single nuclei were seen in a few of the medium‐sized axons, Possibly subdivision of large axons by glial infolding may introduce glial nuclei into axons. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical protocols for early implant placement in post-extraction sockets: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the best timing for placing implants after tooth extraction, by comparing early vs. delayed implant placement and evaluating the hard and/or soft tissue ridge dimensional changes and the outcomes related with implant survival and prosthesis success. MATERIAL AND METHODS An online search of the main databases including The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE via Pubmed), Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted up to February 2011. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies and case-control retrospective studies, with a follow-up of at least 1 month after loading of dental implants, comparing: (i) early vs. delayed implant placement, (ii) augmentation vs. no augmentation at implant placement in early placed implants and/or (iii) the comparison of various augmentation procedures at early implant placement, were conducted. A hand search of relevant journals was also performed. Screening of eligible studies, assessment of their methodological quality and data extraction were conducted in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Authors of studies were contacted for clarification or missing information. RESULTS Eight studies were included, although meta-analysis could only be performed with the data from two studies comparing early vs. delayed implant. The percentage of bone height and bone width reduction favoured the early placement, with pooled mean difference between groups of 13.11% (95% CI: from 3.83 to 22.4; P = 0.057) and 19.85% (95% CI: from 13.85 to 25.81) respectively. Implant survival demonstrated a non-significant higher implant survival rate for the early group (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96-1.1). With regard to patient satisfaction, statistically significant differences between the groups in favour of the early group for overall satisfaction and appearance with the restoration were demonstrated at 2 years, although these differences were lost at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Placement of dental implants at an early timing after tooth extraction may offer advantages in terms of soft and hard tissue preservation, when compared with a delayed protocol. Nevertheless, well-designed, high quality, randomized clinical trials, are needed, because the available evidence is today limited in terms of available studies and quality.
Real-time multichannel computerized electrogastrograph

The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time multichannel computerized electrogastrograph (EGG) to measure and analyze electrical signals from the human abdominal surface. A soft-contact matrix composed of 25 cutaneous electrodes is embedded evenly in a latex mat. The mat can be firmly attached to the abdominal surface by drawing a vacuum between the matrix and the stomach. Twenty-five high-amplification filter/amplifiers provide a high signal-to-noise ratio and flat amplitude response for a signal between 0.02 and 0.12 Hz (1.2-7.2 cpm). The computer program provides waveform and frequency analysis for any chosen channel and mapping analyses for all 25 channels. A two-dimensional propagation exploration program was also developed. Using four different mapping analysis program subroutines, the optimal points for analyzing the EGG signals can be reliably found and variability of these locations can be observed easily. Results show differences in the EGG mappings of normal and abnormal subjects.
Crossing Nets: Dual Generative Models with a Shared Latent Space for Hand Pose Estimation

State-of-the-art methods for 3D hand pose estimation from depth images require large amounts of annotated training data. We propose to model the statistical relationships of 3D hand poses and corresponding depth images using two deep generative models with a shared latent space. By design, our architecture allows for learning from unlabeled image data in a semi-supervised manner. Assuming a one-to-one mapping between a pose and a depth map, any given point in the shared latent space can be projected into both a hand pose and a corresponding depth map. Regressing the hand pose can then be done by learning a discriminator to estimate the posterior of the latent pose given some depth map. To improve generalization and to better exploit unlabeled depth maps, we jointly train a generator and a discriminator. At each iteration, the generator is updated with the back-propagated gradient from the discriminator to synthesize realistic depth maps of the articulated hand, while the discriminator benefits from an augmented training set of synthesized and unlabeled samples. The proposed discriminator network architecture is highly efficient and runs at 90 FPS on the CPU with accuracies comparable or better than state-of-art on 3 publicly available benchmarks.
Energy-efficient and coverage-specific node scheduling for wireless sensor networks

This paper addresses the problem of maximizing sensor networks lifetime as well as maintaining sufficient sensing coverage. To solve the problem, the calculation model of redundancy degree of the sensors whose sensing ranges satisfy the normal distribution without location information is proposed, and the calculation model of minimum of working nodes which can provide the desired quality of coverage (QoC) is also proposed. Based on the models, an Energy-Efficient and Coverage-Specific Node Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks (ECNS), which realizes collaborative scheduling of distributed nodes, is designed to guarantee the desired QoC with the least number of nodes and balance the energy consumption of each node. Simulation results show that ECNS can provide the desired QoC as well as reduce the total energy consumption effectively. In addition, ECNS can also make the energy consumption of each node homogeneously with low control overhead.
The Deltoid Muscle: An Anatomic Description of the Deltoid Insertion to the Proximal Humerus

Objective: This study was designed to describe the anatomic insertion point of the deltoid to the proximal humerus. Design: Gross anatomic study. Setting: Level one academic trauma center. Patients: Cadaveric study. Main Outcome Measurements: Bilateral humeri were stripped of soft tissue except the deltoid insertion point. The length of the humeri was recorded. The distance from the greater tuberosity to the proximal most aspect of the tendinous insertion point and the distal most tendinous attachment was measured. The humeri were cross-sectioned 5-mm distal to the proximal insertion point, 5-mm proximal to the distal insertion point, and midway between these 2 points. The circumferential proportion of humerus into which the tendon inserted at each point was recorded. Results: The mean length of the deltoid insertion was 97 (range, 83-111) mm. The mean distance from the greater tuberosity to the proximal insertion point was 61 (range, 55-75) mm and to the distal insertion was 158 (range, 142-172) mm. The deltoid occupied on average: 8% of the humeral circumference 5 mm from the proximal insertion point, 39% at the mid point of the insertion, and 31% of the humeral circumference 5 mm from the distal insertion point. Conclusions: The deltoid insertion is long and broad. A 4.5-mm plate would result in detaching 13.5 mm of the insertion, leaving at least half of the original insertion attached to the humerus.
An Essential Role for BAFF in the Normal Development of B Cells Through a BCMA-Independent Pathway

The B cell activating factor BAFF (BlyS/TALL-1/zTNF4) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related ligand that promotes B cell survival and binds to three receptors (BCMA, TACI, and the recently described BAFF-R). Here we report an absolute requirement for BAFF in normal B cell development. Examination of secondary lymphoid organs from BAFF-deficient mice revealed an almost complete loss of follicular and marginal zone B lymphocytes. In contrast, mice lacking BCMA had normal-appearing B lymphocyte compartments. BAFF therefore plays a crucial role in B cell development and can function through receptors other than BCMA.
An efficient way to learn English grapheme-to-phoneme rules automatically

An efficient way to learn automatically grapheme-to-phoneme mapping rules for English by using Kohonen's concept of dynamically expanding context is presented. This method constructs rules that are most general in the sense of an explicitly defined specificity hierarchy. As the hierarchy, the amount of expanding context around the symbol to be transformed, weighted towards the right, is used. To apply this concept to English text-to-speech mapping, the authors have used the 20008-word corpus provided in the public domain by T. Sejnowski and C.R. Rosenberg (Complex Syst. vol.1, no.1, p.145-68 of 1987), which was also used in the NETTALK experiments. Phoneme-level mapping accuracies of 91% with data not used in training demonstrate that the dynamically expanding context is able to capture quite efficiently the context-dependent relationships in the corpus. <<ETX>>
Approximating a Sum of Random Variables with a Lognormal

A simple, novel, and general method is presented in this paper for approximating the sum of independent or arbitrarily correlated lognormal random variables (RV) by a single lognormal RV. The method is also shown to be applicable for approximating the sum of lognormal-Rice and Suzuki RVs by a single lognormal RV. A sum consisting of a mixture of the above distributions can also be easily handled. The method uses the moment generating function (MGF) as a tool in the approximation and does so without the extremely precise numerical computations at a large number of points that were required by the previously proposed methods in the literature. Unlike popular approximation methods such as the Fenton-Wilkinson method and the Schwartz-Yeh method, which have their own respective short-comings, the proposed method provides the parametric flexibility to accurately approximate different portions of the lognormal sum distribution. The accuracy of the method is measured both visually, as has been done in the literature, as well as quantitatively, using curve-fitting metrics. An upper bound on the sensitivity of the method is also provided.
No Significant Association between Human Papillomavirus and Breast Cancer, Sanandaj, Iran

Background and Objective: Any role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of breast cancer is conjectural. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between HPV and breast cancer in women, Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded blocks of breast malignant tumors as a case group and 70 blocks of lesions without malignancy were selected as controls. Sections about 10 µm thick were prepared. After removing the paraffin, DNA was extracted. Samples were tested by PCR using general and high-risk specific HPV primers. Results: All 70 malignant breast tumors (cases) were invasive ductal carcinomas, and of the 70 controls, 17 (24.3%) were fibrocystic tumors and 53 (75.7%) fibroadenomas. The age range of women in the case group was 25-72 years old and in the control group It was13-66 years. Using HPV general primers two samples were positive in the case group, confirmed to be HPV-18 using high-risk specific primers. Conclusion: No statistically significant association was found between breast cancer and HPV. It is necessary to confirm this result by further investigations in other populations.
A Survey of Blockholders and Corporate Control

The author surveys the empirical literature on large-percentage shareholders in public corporations, focusing on four key issues: the prevalence of blockholders; the motivation for block ownership; the effect of blockholders on executive compensation, leverage, the incidence of takeovers, and a wide range of corporate decisions; and the effect of blockholders on firm value. A central finding of this study is that there is little reason for policymakers or small investors to fear large-percentage shareholders in general, especially when the blockholders are active in firm management.
Distraction and reorientation in children: a behavioral and ERP study

In the context of distraction, involuntary orienting to task-irrelevant deviations and the following reorienting to task-relevant stimulus information were studied in children aged 5–6 years. In an auditory distraction paradigm, reaction times were prolonged by 51 ms in trials including a task-irrelevant stimulus deviancy. Event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed a mismatch response (MMR) at 252 ms and a reorienting negativity (RON) 476 ms post-stimulus in response to deviating sounds. These behavioral and ERP effects resemble those reported for adults. We conclude that kindergarten children are prone to distraction, although they can quite effectively but not fully shield working memory operations from perturbating distracting information, and can recover from distraction in a similar way to adults.
Working memory and its role in children’s scholastic attainment

Previous research has identified links between working memory and scholastic skills. This thesis reports five studies that investigated both the role of working memory in children's scholastic attainment and the resources that underlie working memory task performance. Study 1 demonstrated that both verbal and nonverbal working memory were important predictors of children's academic achievement at 11 and 14 years of age. Study 2 provided evidence for the utility of working memory as a predictor of later academic achievement. Study 3 demonstrated a distinction between the executive processes of inhibition and updating working memory, both of which were uniquely related to children'sscholastic attainment scores. Study 4 revealed that both speeds of processing and working memory span scores predicted unique variance in children's educational attainment. The relationships between speed and span in tasks varying in difficulty were also explored. Speed and span did not always conform to the same linear relationship. Study 5 explored a metric of cognitive cost suggesting that working memory task performance is determined by the difficulty of the retrievals required and the number of these retrievals divided by the time allowed to perform them. The results demonstrated that working memory task performance is constrained by temporal duration and the nature of processing activities. The results were discussed in terms of implications for models of working memory and implications for educational practice.
Multi-ion conduction bands in a simple model of calcium ion channels

We report self-consistent Brownian dynamics simulations of a simple electrostatic model of the selectivity filters (SF) of calcium ion channels. They reveal regular structure in the conductance and selectivity as functions of the fixed negative charge Qf at the SF. With increasing Qf, there are distinct regions of high conductance (conduction bands) M0, M1, M2 separated by regions of almost zero-conductance (stop-bands). Two of these conduction bands, M1 and M2, are related to the saturated calcium occupancies of P = 1 and P = 2, respectively and demonstrate self-sustained conductivity. Despite the model's limitations, its M1 and M2 bands show high calcium selectivity and prominent anomalous mole fraction effects and can be identified with the L-type and RyR calcium channels. The non-selective band M0 can be identified with a non-selective cation channel, or with OmpF porin.
Efficient Approaches for Modeling and Simulating Photovoltaic Power Systems

Modeling and simulation of photovoltaic (PV) power systems have become increasingly important with wide acceptance and integration of solar energy in modern electric grids. The transcendental nonlinear equations describing the PV generator, which are coupled with the detailed switching models of the power electronic converters, generally result in slow and inefficient simulations, especially when long-term analyses are required. This paper focuses on simple and efficient modeling approaches that are suitable for long-term and large PV system analyses. This study provides a simplified PV-cell model and its parameterization, guaranteeing that the I-V characteristic curves pass through the typical points given in manufacturers' datasheets. Furthermore, several power interface models are provided for fast simulation purpose. A classical two-stage power processing system with intermediate dc link used as a string inverter, as well as a single-stage conversion unit used in distributed module-dedicated PV applications, are taken as application examples. The generalized modeling approach is thoroughly evaluated by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data of a practical 2.4-kW grid-tied PV solar unit. The proposed methodology is shown to have advantages over conventional modeling approaches to simulate long-term grid-tied operation.
Expression robust 3D face recognition via mesh-based histograms of multiple order surface differential quantities

This paper presents a mesh-based approach for 3D face recognition using a novel local shape descriptor and a SIFT-like matching process. Both maximum and minimum curvatures estimated in the 3D Gaussian scale space are employed to detect salient points. To comprehensively characterize 3D facial surfaces and their variations, we calculate weighted statistical distributions of multiple order surface differential quantities, including histogram of mesh gradient (HoG), histogram of shape index (HoS) and histogram of gradient of shape index (HoGS) within a local neighborhood of each salient point. The subsequent matching step then robustly associates corresponding points of two facial surfaces, leading to much more matched points between different scans of a same person than the ones of different persons. Experimental results on the Bosphorus dataset highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method and its robustness to facial expression variations.
TeslaTouch: electrovibration for touch surfaces

We present a new technology for enhancing touch interfaces with tactile feedback. The proposed technology is based on the electrovibration principle, does not use any moving parts and provides a wide range of tactile feedback sensations to fingers moving across a touch surface. When combined with an interactive display and touch input, it enables the design of a wide variety of interfaces that allow the user to feel virtual elements through touch. We present the principles of operation and an implementation of the technology. We also report the results of three controlled psychophysical experiments and a subjective user evaluation that describe and characterize users' perception of this technology. We conclude with an exploration of the design space of tactile touch screens using two comparable setups, one based on electrovibration and another on mechanical vibrotactile actuation.