Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulators of the Proteasome Pathway, Uch37 and Rpn13, Play Distinct Roles in Mouse Development

Rpn13 is a novel mammalian proteasomal receptor that has recently been identified as an amplification target in ovarian cancer. It can interact with ubiquitin and activate the deubiquitinating enzyme Uch37 at the 26S proteasome. Since neither Rpn13 nor Uch37 is an integral proteasomal subunit, we explored whether either protein is essential for mammalian development and survival. Deletion of Uch37 resulted in prenatal lethality in mice associated with severe defect in embryonic brain development. In contrast, the majority of Rpn13-deficient mice survived to adulthood, although they were smaller at birth and fewer in number than wild-type littermates. Absence of Rpn13 produced tissue-specific effects on proteasomal function: increased proteasome activity in adrenal gland and lymphoid organs, and decreased activity in testes and brain. Adult Rpn13−/− mice reached normal body weight but had increased body fat content and were infertile due to defective gametogenesis. Additionally, Rpn13−/− mice showed increased T-cell numbers, resembling growth hormone-mediated effects. Indeed, serum growth hormone and follicular stimulating hormone levels were significantly increased in Rpn13−/− mice, while growth hormone receptor expression was reduced in the testes. In conclusion, this is the first report characterizing the physiological roles of Uch37 and Rpn13 in murine development and implicating a non-ATPase proteasomal protein, Rpn13, in the process of gametogenesis.
A Dataset and Evaluation Metrics for Abstractive Compression of Sentences and Short Paragraphs

We introduce a manually-created, multi-reference dataset for abstractive sentence and short paragraph compression. First, we examine the impact of single- and multi-sentence level editing operations on human compression quality as found in this corpus. We observe that substitution and rephrasing operations are more meaning preserving than other operations, and that compressing in context improves quality. Second, we systematically explore the correlations between automatic evaluation metrics and human judgments of meaning preservation and grammaticality in the compression task, and analyze the impact of the linguistic units used and precision versus recall measures on the quality of the metrics. Multi-reference evaluation metrics are shown to offer significant advantage over single reference-based metrics.
Diabetes-related quality measure attainment: canagliflozin versus sitagliptin based on a pooled analysis of 2 clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate attainment of diabetes-related quality measures with canagliflozin 100 mg, canagliflozin 300 mg, and sitagliptin 100 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN This post hoc analysis used pooled data from two 52-week, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trials that evaluated the comparative efficacy of canagliflozin and sitagliptin. One trial evaluated patients on metformin at baseline with add-on canagliflozin 100 mg, canagliflozin 300 mg, or sitagliptin 100 mg; the other trial evaluated patients on metformin and a sulfonylurea at baseline with add-on canagliflozin 300 mg or sitagliptin 100 mg. METHODS Individual diabetes-related quality measures, including glycated hemoglobin (A1C), blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), body mass index (BMI), and change in body weight, were assessed. RESULTS At baseline, the proportions of patients meeting criteria for all quality measures were similar between groups. At 52 weeks, compared with sitagliptin 100-mg treatment, canagliflozin 100 mg demonstrated either comparable or superior glycemic control. Additionally, canagliflozin 100 mg versus sitagliptin 100 mg demonstrated superior attainment of BP, BMI, and weight-related quality measures; no difference was seen with respect to LDL-C. At 52 weeks, compared with sitagliptin 100-mg treatment, canagliflozin 300 mg demonstrated superior glycemic control at all thresholds of A1C, and superior BP, BMI, and weight-related quality measures; there was no difference in LDL-C quality measure attainment. CONCLUSION We evaluated the comparative efficacy of canagliflozin 100 mg, canagliflozin 300 mg, and sitagliptin 100 mg on quality measure attainment after 52 weeks of treatment. Compared with sitagliptin 100 mg, canagliflozin 100 mg demonstrated comparable or superior attainment of diabetes-related quality measures. Compared with sitagliptin 100 mg, canagliflozin 300 mg demonstrated superior diabetes-related quality measure attainment, including glycemic, BP, and weight-related quality measures; there was no difference in LDL-C quality measure attainment between either dosage of canagliflozin and the 100-mg dosage of sitagliptin.
Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Hydroelectric System Affected Area from Northern Amazonian Brazil: Further Insights into the Effects of Environmental Changes on Vector Ecology

During 2012–2015, an entomological survey was conducted as part of a phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) monitoring program in an area influenced by the Santo Antônio do Jari hydroelectric system (Amapá State, Brazil). The purpose was to study aspects of Amazon/Guianan American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) vectors subjected to stresses by anthropogenic environmental changes. For sampling, CDC light traps were positioned 0.5, 1, and 20 m above ground at five capture locations along the Jari River Basin. Fluctuations in phlebotomine numbers were analyzed to determine any correlation with rainfall, dam waterlogging, and/or ACL cases, from May 2012 to March 2015. We captured 2,800 individuals, and among 45 species identified, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Nyssomyia umbratilis, and Psychodopygus squamiventris s.l. were determined to be the main putative vectors, based on current knowledge of the Amazon/Guianan ACL scenario. Rainfall, but not complete flooding, was relatively correlated with phlebotomine fluctuation, mainly observed for Ps. squamiventris s.l. , as were ACL cases with Ny. umbratilis. Behavioral changes were observed in the unexpected high frequency of Bi. flaviscutellata among CDC captures and the noncanopy dominance of Ny. umbratilis, possibly attributable to environmental stress in the sampled ecotopes. Continuous entomological surveillance is necessary to monitor the outcomes of these findings.
The future of diffusion research

It has been over six years since the last DATA BASE special issue on Diffusion of IT. In that dou- ble issue (Vol. 26, Nos. 2 & 3) edited by Mary Prescott, a key point was that the general innova- tion diffusion model as articulated by Rogers (1983, 1995) provided a viable framework for studying IT innovation diffusion. The viewpoint expressed was that Diffusion-based research has and will continue to provide a "rewarding base for expanding our understanding of IT adoption, implementation, and infusion" (p. 19). Further- more, Prescott noted that the incorporation of related theory might yield distinctive IT innovation theory distinct from traditional IT theory. Research presented in that issue focused on the fact that different factors may come into play con- tingent on the level of analysis. In particular, those articles examined adoption of group support sys- tems, role of user involvement with the implemen- tation process versus innovation product, factors influencing telework among IS professionals, and factors that influence CASE tool adoption. When examined in total, it became apparent that those research papers provided a general consensus that greater methodological rigor coupled with developing new theoretical insights may eventual- ly provide a new understanding that can return to influence the referent disciplines from which the original work was based. In fact, Prescott sug- gested a potential new beginning where disparate areas such as structuration, cultural, economic, and political theories are integrated into the diffu- sion perspective. Echoing this perspective is Fichman's recent statement that "as researchers have considered the many distinctive characteristics of IT innova- tions, there has been a corresponding effort to develop more sophisticated models that go beyond traditional approaches - to incorporate the effects of institutions, knowledge barriers, increasing returns, adaptive structuration, and social bandwagons, to name a few. A rich oppor- tunity exists to confirm these promising streams and to synthesize them into more complex and realistic models of IT innovation diffusion and assimilation (2000, p. 127). " We not only concur with these preceding per- spectives, but further suggest that the future of Diffusion research lays in extending its models into concepts, constructs, and issues so that they specifically relate to technological usage in 8 The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems -Summer 2001 (Vol. 32, No. 3)
A Caleosin-Like Protein with Peroxygenase Activity Mediates Aspergillus flavus Development, Aflatoxin Accumulation, and Seed Infection

ABSTRACT Caleosins are a small family of calcium-binding proteins endowed with peroxygenase activity in plants. Caleosin-like genes are present in fungi; however, their functions have not been reported yet. In this work, we identify a plant caleosin-like protein in Aspergillus flavus that is highly expressed during the early stages of spore germination. A recombinant purified 32-kDa caleosin-like protein supported peroxygenase activities, including co-oxidation reactions and reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides. Deletion of the caleosin gene prevented fungal development. Alternatively, silencing of the gene led to the increased accumulation of endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides and antioxidant activities but to a reduction of fungal growth and conidium formation. Two key genes of the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway, aflR and aflD, were downregulated in the strains in which A. flavus PXG (AfPXG) was silenced, leading to reduced aflatoxin B1 production in vitro. Application of caleosin/peroxygenase-derived oxylipins restored the wild-type phenotype in the strains in which AfPXG was silenced. PXG-deficient A. flavus strains were severely compromised in their capacity to infect maize seeds and to produce aflatoxin. Our results uncover a new branch of the fungal oxylipin pathway and may lead to the development of novel targets for controlling fungal disease.
Learning with piece-wise linear networks

A new feedforward architecture is presented for empirical model building and regression. The network consists of two hidden layers of units, where each unit utilizes a piece-wise linear activation function. A procedure for determining both the number of units and their connectivity is developed. The most notable feature of the network is its associated learning algorithm which allows for recursive updating of the parameters. A smoothness constraint is employed to limit the range of solutions, so that practical models may be built with small amounts of data. The network is applied to some function estimation tasks, as well as to a forecasting problem using data from the Santa Fe Institute time-series competition.
The mobility of two kinase domains in the Escherichia coli chemoreceptor array varies with signalling state

Motile bacteria sense their physical and chemical environment through highly cooperative, ordered arrays of chemoreceptors. These signalling complexes phosphorylate a response regulator which in turn governs flagellar motor reversals, driving cells towards favourable environments. The structural changes that translate chemoeffector binding into the appropriate kinase output are not known. Here, we apply high‐resolution electron cryotomography to visualize mutant chemoreceptor signalling arrays in well‐defined kinase activity states. The arrays were well ordered in all signalling states, with no discernible differences in receptor conformation at 2–3 nm resolution. Differences were observed, however, in a keel‐like density that we identify here as CheA kinase domains P1 and P2, the phosphorylation site domain and the binding domain for response regulator target proteins. Mutant receptor arrays with high kinase activities all exhibited small keels and high proteolysis susceptibility, indicative of mobile P1 and P2 domains. In contrast, arrays in kinase‐off signalling states exhibited a range of keel sizes. These findings confirm that chemoreceptor arrays do not undergo large structural changes during signalling, and suggest instead that kinase activity is modulated at least in part by changes in the mobility of key domains.
Heat Shock Treatment Increases the Frequency of Loss of an Erythromycin Resistance-Encoding Transposable Element from the Chromosome of Lactobacillus crispatus CHCC3692

ABSTRACT A 3,165-bp chromosomally integrated transposon, designatedTn3692, of the gram-positive strain Lactobacillus crispatus CHCC3692 contains an erm(B) gene conferring resistance to erythromycin at concentrations of up to 250μ g/ml. Loss of this resistance can occur spontaneously, but the rate is substantially increased by heat shock treatment. Heat shock treatment at 60°C resulted in an almost 40-fold increase in the frequency of erythromycin-sensitive cells (erythromycin MIC, 0.047μ g/ml). The phenotypic change was followed by a dramatic increase in transcription of the transposase gene and the concomitant loss of an approximately 2-kb DNA fragment carrying the erm(B) gene from the 3,165-bp erm transposon. In cells that were not subjected to heat shock, transcription of the transposase gene was not detectable. The upstream sequence of the transposase gene did not show any homology to known heat shock promoters in the gene data bank. Significant homology (>99%) was observed between the erythromycin resistance-encoding gene from L. crispatus CHCC3692 and the erm(B) genes from other gram-positive bacteria, such as Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus reuteri, which strongly indicates a common origin of the erm(B) gene for these species. The transposed DNA element was not translocated to other parts of the genome of CHCC3692, as determining by Southern blotting, PCR analysis, and DNA sequencing. No other major aberrations were observed, as judged by colony morphology, growth performance of the strain, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These observations suggest that heat shock treatment could be used as a tool for the removal of unwanted antibiotic resistance genes harbored in transposons flanked by insertion sequence elements or transposases in lactic acid bacteria used for animal and human food production.
ON CLASSIFICATION OF TORIC SINGULARITIES ALEXANDR BORISOV

In 1988 S. Mori, D. Morrison, and I. Morrison published a paper [4] in which they gave a computer-based conjectural classi cation of four-dimensional terminal cyclic quotient singularities of prime index. This classi cation was partially proven in 1990 by G. Sankaran (cf. [7]). Basically, the conjecture of [4] says that these singularities form a nite number of series (cf. de nition in section 2 below) with the precise list of series given. While a precise list of series in higher dimensions would be way too long, the qualitative version of this conjecture makes sense for toric singularities of any dimension. It turned out, to my great surprise, that this and much more was basically proven in 1991 in a beautiful paper by Jim Lawrence (cf. [3]). His proof and motivation came from the geometry of numbers and he was obviously unaware of the papers of Mori-Morrison-Morrison and Sankaran. So in this short note I just bring this all together. In section 2 the necessary de nitions are given and the main theorem is proven. In section 3 some interesting related open problems are discussed. Acknowledgments. I can claim only little credit for the proof of the main theorem, as this is just an algebro-geometric corollary of the result of Jim Lawrence. I discovered the paper of Lawrence using MathSciNet.
Reconstructing routes of invasion using genetic data: why, how and so what?

Detailed knowledge about the geographical pathways followed by propagules from their source to the invading populations—referred to here as routes of invasion—provides information about the history of the invasion process and the origin and genetic composition of the invading populations. The reconstruction of invasion routes is required for defining and testing different hypotheses concerning the environmental and evolutionary factors responsible for biological invasions. In practical terms, it facilitates the design of strategies for controlling or preventing invasions. Most of our knowledge about the introduction routes of invasive species is derived from historical and observational data, which are often sparse, incomplete and, sometimes, misleading. In this context, population genetics has proved a useful approach for reconstructing routes of introduction, highlighting the complexity and the often counterintuitive nature of the true story. This approach has proved particularly useful since the recent development of new model‐based methods, such as approximate Bayesian computation, making it possible to make quantitative inferences in the complex evolutionary scenarios typically encountered in invasive species. In this review, we summarize some of the fundamental aspects of routes of invasion, explain why the reconstruction of these routes is useful for addressing both practical and theoretical questions, and comment on the various reconstruction methods available. Finally, we consider the main insights obtained to date from studies of invasion routes.
DeepMath - Deep Sequence Models for Premise Selection

We study the effectiveness of neural sequence models for premise selection in automated theorem proving, one of the main bottlenecks in the formalization of mathematics. We propose a two stage approach for this task that yields good results for the premise selection task on the Mizar corpus while avoiding the hand-engineered features of existing state-of-the-art models. To our knowledge, this is the first time deep learning has been applied to theorem proving on a large scale.
The Impact of Gamification-Induced Emotions on In-car IS Adoption -- The Difference between Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants

Most information systems (IS) research focuses on the effect of gamification or the impact of emotions on IS adoption. Moreover, no study differentiates between digital natives and digital immigrants, although theoretically there should be differences in their IS adoption. Digital natives are those from the generation that has grown up with digital technology, their characteristics and behavior are distinguished from those of previous generations, i.e., digital immigrants. To address these research gaps, we conducted a mental simulation experiment with a between-subjects design where the participants used a dual-purpose IS with various game mechanisms inside a car. Our findings indicate that digital natives feel more pleasure, dominance, and arousal than digital immigrants after being confronted with the hedonic part of a dual-purpose IS. The game mechanisms implemented do not influence the emotional state of the user differently. Moreover, pleasure significantly predicts the adoption of the hedonic part of the dual-purpose IS.
Invite your friends and get rewards: dynamics of incentivized friend invitation in kakaotalk mobile games

Incentivized friend invitation is an efficient and effective user growth mechanism, more so when combined with social platforms, such as online social networks (OSNs) or mobile instant messengers (MIMs). KakaoGame, a two-year-old mobile game platform based on a dominant MIM called KakaoTalk, brought 5.2 billion sign-ups over 520 games with quota-based reward schemes. How does the reward scheme help the spread of services? In this paper, we analyze the friend invitation logs from 4 mobile games on KakaoGame, consisting of 330 million invitations from 8.4 million users to 36 million users. Our analysis aims at answering the following three key questions. (a) How do quota-based reward schemes stimulate invitation behavior? (b) How many invitations trigger the invitee to sign up for the game or become an annoyance to make the invitee turn a blind eye? (c) How fast are the invitations sent out and how does the diffusion slow down? Based on the analysis, we provide practical insights for viral marketing.
EMS: Enhanced mobility scheme for controlled and lossy networks

With the emergence of IOT, WSNs have become prevalent for many application areas such as smart city scenario, healthcare, weather monitoring and intelligent transport system etc. Due to their smaller infrastructure and limited energy resources, these networks are considered to be controlled and lossy networks. IP mobility management in such networks playing a crucial role for object tracking or to provide uninterrupted services to mobile users. Existing MIPv6 and its extensions are not suitable for such lossy networks due to the MN's involvement in heavy signaling, required for HO. Network based protocol; PMIPv6 relieves the MN from heavy signaling overhead and being suggested by many researchers for lossy networks to carry out the mobility. But this protocol still suffers from extra signaling and packet loss and there is a scope for further improvements. This paper presents a novel approach based on PMIPv6 for reducing HO latency and packet loss for some critical applications such as Healthcare, battle field, disaster management, ITS etc. where packet loss is not acceptable. The performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme is better than the standard PMIPv6.