Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ceramide‐induced cell death in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP has both necrotic and apoptotic features

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. The most common treatment of prostate cancer is androgen ablation therapy which leads to regression of the tumor due to increased cell death. However, at later stages, the tumor becomes resistant to androgen ablation. Ceramide is a lipid second messenger that mediates cell death in prostate cancer cells. Previous studies suggested that ceramide may cause either apoptosis or growth arrest in the androgen‐responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. However, the molecular details of ceramide‐induced cell death in LNCaP cells remain to be elucidated.
Nonlinear driver models for timing and noise analysis

This paper presents a novel and flexible modeling technique to generate accurate linear and nonlinear driver models with applications in timing and noise analysis. The new technique, based on Galerkin's finite elements method, is very efficient because it relies on existing logic block characterization for timing, does not require additional nonlinear circuit simulations during modeling, and generates reusable models. The performance of the proposed modeling technique is exemplified in two different implementations: nonlinear driver models for delay noise analysis and piece-wise linear driver models for static-timing analysis.
Cyber bullying, traditional bullying and depression

With increased technological evolution and availability of the Internet, a new form of bullying has developed called cyber bullying. The hypothesis is that victims of cyber bullying show more symptoms of depression than victims of traditional bullying. Participants in this research were from a random sample of 2000 children drawn from a population study carried out by The Icelandic Centre for Social Research (ICSRA). The participants were in grades five through seven in primary school in Iceland. The data were collected with administration of a questionnaire. The independent variables were gender, victim of cyber bullying, victim of traditional bullying and traditional bully. The dependent variable was depression. The prevalence of cyber bullying was between 0.5% and 1.4% and for traditional bullying it was between 1.5% and 3.6%. The hypothesis was not supported, even though being a victim of cyber bullying had shared variability with depression of 10.2% it was not more than the shared variability of victim of traditional bullying and depression (14.0%). These results indicate that being a victim of cyber bullying has psychological impact though less than for a victim of traditional bullying. Utdrattur Með aukinni taekniþroun og aðgengi að veraldarvefnum hefur myndast nýtt form eineltis kallað neteinelti. Kenningin er að fornarlomb neteineltis sýni meiri þunglyndiseinkenni en fornarlomb hefðbundins eineltis. Þatttakendur i þessari rannsokn eru ur tilviljunarkenndu urtaki 2000 barna tekin ut ur þýðisrannsokn framkvaemd af Rannsoknum og greiningu. Þatttakendur voru i fimmta til sjounda Bekk i grunnskola i Islandi. Gognum var safnað með notkun spurningalista. Ohaðu breyturnar voru kyn, fornarlamb neteineltis, fornarlamb hefðbundins eineltis og hefðbundinn gerandi. Hað breyta var þunglyndi. Algengi neteineltis var 0.5% til 1.4% og fyrir hefðbundið einelti var algengi 1.5% til 3.6%. Kenningin var ekki studd, en jafnvel þo að þolendur neteineltis hafi sýnt 10.2% sameiginlegt fravik þunglyndis, var það minna en sameiginlegt fravik fornarlambs venjulegs eineltis og þunglyndis (14.0%). Niðurstoðurnar benda til að það að vera fornarlamb neteineltis hefur minni salraen ahrif en það að vera fornarlamb hefðbundins eineltis. CYBERAND TRADITIONAL BULLYING 3 Foreword and Acknowledgements Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the BSc Psychology degree, Reykjavik University, this thesis is presented in the style of an article for submission to a peer-reviewed
CANONICAL STRUCTURE OF LOCALLY HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS ON COMPACT CLOSED 3-MANIFOLDS OF TYPES E3, NIL AND SOL

In this paper we investigate the canonical structure of diffeomorphism invariant phase spaces for spatially locally homogeneous spacetimes with 3-dimensional compact closed spaces. After giving a general algorithm to express the diffeomorphisminvariant phase space and the canonical structure of a locally homogeneous system in terms of those of a homogeneous system on a covering space and a moduli space, we completely determine the canonical structures and the Hamiltonians of locally homogeneous pure gravity systems on orientable compact closed 3-spaces of the Thurstontype E 3 , Nil and Sol for all possible space topologies and invariance groups. We point out that in many cases the canonical structure becomes degenerate in the moduli sectors, which implies that the locally homogeneous systems are not canonically closed in general in the full diffeomorphism-invariant phase space of generic spacetimes with compact closed spaces.
Personalized video recommendation through tripartite graph propagation

The rapid growth of the number of videos on the Internet provides enormous potential for users to find content of interest to them. Video search, such as Google, Youtube, Bing, is a popular way to help users to find desired videos. However, it is still very challenging to discover new video contents for users. In this paper, we address the problem of providing personalized video suggestions for users. Rather than only exploring the user-video graph that is formulated using the click-through information, we also investigate other two useful graphs, the user-query graph indicating if a user ever issues a query, and the query-video graph indicating if a video appears in the search result of a query. The two graphs act as a bridge to connect users and videos, and have a large potential to improve the recommendation as the queries issued by a user essentially imply his interest. As a result, we reach a tripartite graph over (user, video, query). We develop an iterative propagation scheme over the tripartite graph to compute the preference information of each user. Experimental results on a dataset of 2,893 users, 23,630 queries and 55,114 videos collected during Feb. 1-28, 2011 demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches, co-views and random walks on the user-video bipartite graph.
Variability and stability in collaborative dialogues: turn-taking and filled pauses

Filled pauses have important and varied functions in turntaking behavior, and better understanding of this relationship opens new ways for improving the quality and naturalness of dialogue systems. We use a corpus of collaborative task oriented dialogues to provide new insights into the relationship between filled pauses and turn-taking based on temporal and acoustic features. We then explore which of these patterns are stable and robust across speakers, which are prone to entrainment based on conversational partners, and which are variable and noisy. Our findings suggest that intensity is the least stable feature followed by pitch-related features, and temporal features relating filled pauses to chunking and turn-taking are the most stable. Index Terms: filled pauses, turn-taking, speaker variation
'I'm less at risk than most guys': gay men's unrealistic optimism about becoming infected with HIV.

Among the self-justifications that gay men use when engaging in high-risk sex is the thought that they are less at risk than most gay men. Two explanatory models of such 'unrealistic optimism' (UO) have been proposed: while the motivational account holds that UO arises because it serves the function of bringing comfort, the cognitive account holds that UO serves no particular function, being simply a by-product of normal cognitive strategies. This study investigated predictions derived from the motivational account. Gay men uninfected with HIV (n = 88) answered two test questions, requiring them to estimate, respectively, their own risk of becoming infected and that of the average gay man. The questions were presented in the two possible orders, and were either separated or not separated by unrelated filler material. The great majority of the men (89%) exhibited UO. Neither question order nor the interpolation of filler material affected responses to either test question. The results were inconsistent with the motivational account, but explicable in terms of the cognitive account. It seems that the cognitive account provides the better explanation of at least that form of UO measured in this study. Implications for AIDS educators are discussed.
Menopause and Crisis? Fake or Real: Comprehensive Search to The Depth of Crisis Experienced: A Mixed-method Study

Introduction: Menopause is beyond the lack of menstruation and fertility decline in estrogen. Menopause is associated with at least three types of crisis: Biological, psychological and social. The aim of this study was to investigate psychiatric problems related to menopausal stress and experiences about psychological conditions related to menopause as a developmental crisis. Material and Methods: This mixed-method study (by triangulation approach) was done on 300 women in menopause age (44-54 years) by consensus sampling. Data gathering was from questionnaire conclude psychosomatic listed and hypochondria’s criterion that has been specified by DSMIV. The severity of the disorder was also collected by self-reported question. In the qualitative part, as a phenomenology study, data were gathered with Purposive sampling by a deep semi-structured interview. Data analysis was from content analysis). Results: Results showed that most of the disorders from psychosomatic listed experienced by women conclude: sexual problems 101(33.7%), hypertension 39(13%), and constipation 30(10%); 2.9% had experienced hypochondrias disorder. In the qualitative part, 5 themes were driven from the results of this study which described the structures of psychological experiences of the menopause as follows: change in emotion and mood, change in attitude, change in self-concept and change in interpersonal relationships. Conclusion: Menopause is a physiological process in women’s life, but due to many symptoms and complications, it requires culturally appropriate education, appropriate coping with problems and mental health promotion in this sexual crisis.
The mediating and moderating effects of women's attachment style on interrelationships among emotional abuse, physical aggression and relational stability.

This purpose of this study was to combine two bodies of literature on relationships, attachment and violence. Given the impact of men's physical aggression and emotional abuse on women, it is likely that these behaviors would also affect attachment. A model proposing that women's attachment style mediated and moderated the relationship between partners' physical and emotional abuse and the stability of women's relationships was tested. Archival data were used from two waves of interviews with a sample of lowincome, ethnically diverse community women. Most (89%) of the initial 835 participants of Project HOW: Health Outcomes of Women completed at least one additional interview providing information on the status of their initial relationships. Of these women, 39% were African American, 30% were Euro-American, and 31% were Mexican American. The effects of men's psychological abuse and physical violence on women's attachment style were tested with regression analyses. The interrelationships between partners' abuse, attachment and relational stability were tested with SEM. Attachment style was expected to moderate the associations among variables and mediate the impact of partners' negative behavior on relational stability. In regression analyses, partners' psychological abuse predicted avoidant and anxious, but not secure attachment ratings. Violence, although significant, explained less variance than psychological abuse for insecure attachment ratings. SEM indicated Physical Aggression was not a significant predictor of Attachment Rating in any group. Moderation was not found. There were no differences between attachment groups. Therefore, attachment was tested in the sample as a mediator. As in analyses for each group, the path from Physical Aggression to Attachment Rating was not significant. In the final model, Emotional Abuse predicted Physical Aggression and Attachment Rating mediated the effect of Emotional Abuse on Relational Stability. Specifically, Emotional Abuse increased (insecure) Attachment Rating, which decreased Relational Stability. Overall, previous research in the violence literature was extended by showing that emotional abuse affected attachment, rather than the reverse.
Identity positioning of doctoral students in networked learning environments

As the highest degree awarded, successful completion of a doctorate demands that learners work at a conceptual level. The demands of independent, original research intended to extend knowledge in a field can lead to oscillating feelings of confidence, acceptance, and belonging—intellectually and socially. Exposure to new ideas, norms, and ethics can cause learners to question their position within their various social contexts. The descriptions of doctoral experiences of identity positioning in networked learning environments is the focus of this thesis. I set out to examine to what extent doctoral students in two NL programs experience identity positioning; how they describe this process; and whether or not positioning might be described differently by students in different fields. This investigation took place at a distance university in Canada in which the learners used networking technologies to exchange information and discuss ideas. Participants were solicited from doctoral courses offered via networked learning in education and business. The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and coded through qualitative open coding in which I sought themes indicative of social positioning. Discourse analysis was also used to aid in the analysis of interview transcripts, allowing deeper interrogation of the meanings of and relationships between specific utterances appearing within the transcripts. The results indicate that doctoral students experience identity positioning across multiple aspects of their lives including, but not limited to their social, intimate, professional, and academic contexts. The importance of this work is partially directed towards the concerns of governments and funding agencies that may pass over the intangible benefits of doctoral studies in search of direct and measureable economic and social outcomes. More importantly, this work is intended to draw attention to the variety of social contexts that may impact doctoral students’ experiences, and how these influences might influence learners’ persistence, completion, and enjoyment of doctoral studies.
Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients Resuscitated From Cardiac Arrest

Background and Purpose— Under normal circumstances, autoregulation maintains cerebral blood flow (CBF) constant within a wide range of mean arterial pressure (MAP). It remains unknown whether patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest have preserved CBF autoregulation. In this study, CBF autoregulation was investigated within the first 24 hours after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Methods— Eighteen patients and 6 healthy volunteers had relative changes in CBF determined by transcranial Doppler mean flow velocity (Vmean) in the middle cerebral artery during a stepwise rise in MAP by use of norepinephrine infusion. Vmean was plotted against MAP, and a lower limit of autoregulation was identified by double regression analysis based on the least-squares method. Results— In patients, Vmean increased from a median of 33 (range 19 to 73) to 37 (22 to 100) cm/s (P <0.001) during a norepinephrine-induced rise in MAP from 78 (46 to 118) to 106 (60 to 149) mm Hg. Eight of 18 patients had impaired CBF autoregulation, and in 5 of the 10 patients with preserved CBF autoregulation, the lower limit of autoregulation could be identified. The lower limit of CBF autoregulation was 76 mm Hg (41 to 105 mm Hg) in the volunteers and 114 mm Hg (80 to 120 mm Hg) in the 5 patients with preserved autoregulation (P <0.01). Conclusions— We conclude that in a majority of patients in the acute phase after cardiac arrest, cerebral autoregulation is either absent or right-shifted. These results indicate that MAP should be kept at a higher level than commonly accepted to secure cerebral perfusion. We recommend, however, that further randomized clinical trials are performed to determine whether sympathomimetic drugs improve neurological outcome.
Mesh Signatures : How to Leak a Secret with Unwitting and Unwilling Participants

We define the mesh signature primitive as an anonymous signature similar in spirit to ring signatures, but with a much richer language for expressing signer ambiguity. The language can represent complex access structures, and in particular allows individual signature components to be replaced with complete certificate chains. Because withholding one’s public key from view is no longer a shield against being named as a possible cosignatory, mesh signatures may be used as a ring signature with compulsory enrollment. We give an efficient construction based on bilinear maps in the common random string model. Our signatures have linear size, achieve everlasting perfect anonymity, and reduce to very efficient ring signatures without random oracles as a special case. We prove non-repudiation from a mild extension of the SDH assumption, which we introduce and justify meticulously.
All life is problem solving

Publisher's note Preface PART I Questions of natural science 1. The logic and evolution of scientific theory (1972) 2. Notes of a realist on the body-mind problem (1972) 3. Epistemology and the problem of peace (1985) 4. The epistemological position of evolutionary epistemology (1986) 5. Towards an evolutionary theory of knowledge (1989) 6. Kepler's metaphysics of the solar system and his empirical criticism (1986/91) PART II Thoughts on history and politics 7. On freedom (1958/67) 8. On the theory of democracy (1987) 9. All life is problem solving (1991) 10. Against the cynical interpretation of history (1991) 11. 'Waging wars for peace' (1992) 12. The collapse of communism: understanding the past and influencing the future (1992) 13. The necessity of peace (1993) 14. Masaryk and the open society (1994) 15. How I became a philosopher without trying (1992) Subject index Name index
Limits on Interconnection Network Performance

The latency of direct networks is modeled, taking into account both switch and wire delays. A simple closed-form expression for contention in buffered, direct networks is derived and found to agree closely with simulations. The model includes the effects of packet size and communication locality. Network analysis under various constraints and under different workload parameters reveals that performance is highly sensitive to these constraints and workloads. A two-dimensional network is shown to have the lowest latency only when switch delays and network contention are ignored; three- or four-dimensional networks are favored otherwise. If communication locality exists, two-dimensional networks regain their advantage. Communication locality decreases both the base network latency and the network bandwidth requirements of applications. It is shown that a much larger fraction of the resulting performance improvement arises from the reduction in bandwidth requirements than from the decrease in latency. >
Evaluating the Educational Potential of Health PSAs with Preschoolers

Children learn from a variety of televised programs, including the short public service announcements (PSAs) that air between children's programs. PSAs are designed to repetitively expose children to important content ranging from the benefits of reading to health-related messages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 5 PSAs containing health messages for preschoolers (i.e., nutrition, physical activity, and hand washing). Using an experimental framework, we examined children's ability to learn the messages and transfer that knowledge and apply it in novel situations. Child PSA viewers were able to recall more of the educational content, apply this knowledge to specific choices contained in each message, and transfer this knowledge to novel situations compared with their nonviewing counterparts. Implications are discussed.
Postsynaptic Signaling via the μ-Opioid Receptor: Responses of Dorsal Horn Neurons to Exogenous Opioids and Noxious Stimulation

Although both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms have been implicated in the analgesia produced by μ-opioids at the spinal cord, it is not known under what conditions these different controls come into play. Because the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) can be visualized in individual lamina II excitatory interneurons and internalizes into endosomes on ligand binding, we tested whether MOR internalization could be monitored and used to measure postsynaptic MOR signaling. To test whether endogenous opioids modulate these lamina II interneurons during noxious stimulation, we next assessed the magnitude of postsynaptic MOR internalization under a variety of nociceptive conditions. As observed in other systems, we show that MOR internalization in dorsal horn interneurons is demonstrated readily in response to opioid ligands. The MOR internalization is dose-dependent, with a similar dose–response to that observed for opioid-induced increases in potassium conductance. We demonstrate that MOR internalization in lamina II neurons correlates precisely with the extent of analgesia produced by intrathecal DAMGO. These results suggest that MOR internalization provides a good marker of MOR signaling in the spinal cord and that postsynaptic MORs on lamina II interneurons likely participate in the analgesia that is produced by exogenous opioids. We found, however, that noxious stimuli, under normal or inflammatory conditions, did not induce MOR internalization. Thus, endogenous enkephalins and endomorphins, thought to be released during noxious peripheral stimuli, do not modulate nociceptive messages via postsynaptic MORs on lamina II interneurons. We suggest that any endogenous opioids that are released by noxious stimuli target presynaptic MORs or δ-opioid receptors.
Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice

To the Editors: We enjoyed reading the recent retrospective analysis by Ensminger and Prakash 1 of fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopic lung biopsies (BLB) in patients with suspected diffuse lung disease, which concluded that BLB is a clinically useful test in ∼75% of procedures. One of the most common indicators for BLB is suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis. In these patients, endobronchial biopsies (EBB) of visible mucosa, in addition to BLB, can be helpful in achieving a …