Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE GAS DYNAMICS OF NGC 4472 REVEALED BY XMM-NEWTON

We present results from a 100 ks XMM-Newton observation of the hot gas in the Virgo cluster elliptical galaxy NGC 4472. We find a surface brightness discontinuity ∼21 kpc north of the nucleus, consistent with being a contact discontinuity between two moving fluids. We also detect a >60 kpc long ram-pressure stripped tail. The pressure across the discontinuity implies an infall velocity, vinfall, of 1000 km s-1 < vinfall< 2200 km s−1 depending on what assumptions are made about the density and pressure of the external gas. We suggest that the NGC 4472 group is falling into a collapsing filament, which is itself falling into the Virgo cluster. The gas of a collapsing filament is rapidly decelerated as it crosses the standoff shock, but the apparent high velocity of infall for NGC 4472 could be simply due to the fact that the gravitating potential of the NGC 4472 group is unaffected by this shock. While the group falls through the shock its gas will be stripped as it passes through the stalled gas of the filament. Additionally, we find two sets of cool filamentary arms to the east and the southwest of the nucleus. One of the southwest arms is coincident with a sharp filament seen with Chandra. We interpret these arms as filaments of cool gas that have been driven out from the center of the galaxy by the buoyant evolution of a radio bubble. The age of this outburst is ∼108 yr assuming that the buoyant bubble rises with a velocity of ∼0.4cs = 200 km s−1; the energy of the outburst is a modest ∼2 × 1056 erg.
Stochastic bounds for Levy processes

Using the Wiener-Hopf factorization, it is shown that it is possible to bound the path of an arbitrary Levy process above and below by the paths of two random walks. These walks have the same step distribution, but different random starting points. In principle, this allows one to deduce Levy process versions of many known results about the large-time behavior of random walks. This is illustrated by establishing a comprehensive theorem about Levy processes which converge to ∞ in probability.
The Adomaton Prototype : Automated Online Advertising Campaign Monitoring and Optimization

Creating and monitoring a competitive and cost-effective pay-per-click advertisement campaign through the web-search channel is a resource demanding task in terms of expertise and effort. Assisting or even automating the work of an advertising specialist will have an unrivaled commercial value. In this paper we propose a methodology, an architecture, and a fully functional prototype for semiand fullyautomated creation, monitoring, and management of cost-efficient pay-per-click campaigns with budget constraints. The fully functional prototype is experimentally evaluated on real world Google AdWords campaigns and shows a promising behavior with regards to campaign success statistics outperforming systematically the competitive manual campaigns.
Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin GH promotes inflammation.

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus produces numerous molecules that facilitate survival in the host. We recently identified a novel S. aureus leukotoxin (leukotoxin GH [LukGH]) using proteomics, but its role in virulence remains unclear. Here we investigated the role of LukGH in vivo. METHODS We tested cytotoxicity of LukGH toward polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from mice, rabbits, monkeys, and humans. LukGH was administered to mice, rabbits, and a cynomolgus monkey by subcutaneous or intradermal injection to assess cytotoxicity or host response in vivo. The effects of LukGH in vivo were compared with those of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a well-characterized S. aureus leukotoxin. The contribution of LukGH to S. aureus infection was tested using mouse and rabbit infection models. RESULTS Susceptibility of PMNs to LukGH was similar between humans and cynomolgus monkeys, and was greater than that of rabbits, which in turn was greater than that of mice. LukGH or PVL caused skin inflammation in rabbits and a monkey, but deletion of neither lukGH nor lukGH and lukS/F-PV reduced severity of USA300 infections in rabbits or mice. Rather, some disease parameters (eg, rabbit abscess size) were increased following infection with a lukGH and lukS/F-PV deletion strain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that S. aureus leukotoxins enhance the host inflammatory response and influence the outcome of infection.
Frobenius splitting and ordinarity

We examine the relationship between the notion of Frobe- nius splitting and ordinarity for varieties. We show the following: a) The de Rham-Witt cohomology groups H i (X, W(OX)) of a smooth projec- tive Frobenius split variety are finitely generated over W(k). b) we provide counterexamples to a question of V. B. Mehta that Frobenius split varieties are ordinary or even Hodge-Witt. c) a Kummer K3 sur- face associated to an Abelian surface is F-split (ordinary) if and only if the associated Abelian surface is F-split (ordinary). d) for a K3-surface defined over a number field, there is a set of primes of density one in some finite extension of the base field, over which the surface acquires ordinary reduction.
EGPred: prediction of eukaryotic genes using ab initio methods after combining with sequence similarity approaches.

EGPred is a Web-based server that combines ab initio methods and similarity searches to predict genes, particularly exon regions, with high accuracy. The EGPred program proceeds in the following steps: (1) an initial BLASTX search of genomic sequence against the RefSeq database is used to identify protein hits with an E-value <1; (2) a second BLASTX search of genomic sequence against the hits from the previous run with relaxed parameters (E-values <10) helps to retrieve all probable coding exon regions; (3) a BLASTN search of genomic sequence against the intron database is then used to detect probable intron regions; (4) the probable intron and exon regions are compared to filter/remove wrong exons; (5) the NNSPLICE program is then used to reassign splicing signal site positions in the remaining probable coding exons; and (6) finally ab initio predictions are combined with exons derived from the fifth step based on the relative strength of start/stop and splice signal sites as obtained from ab initio and similarity search. The combination method increases the exon level performance of five different ab initio programs by 4%-10% when evaluated on the HMR195 data set. Similar improvement is observed when ab initio programs are evaluated on the Burset/Guigo data set. Finally, EGPred is demonstrated on an approximately 95-Mbp fragment of human chromosome 13. The list of predicted genes from this analysis are available in the supplementary material. The EGPred program is computationally intensive due to multiple BLAST runs during each analysis. The EGPred server is available at http://www.imtech. res.in/raghava/egpred/.
Resource Utilization and Disparities in Compulsory Education in China

Based on county-level data in 1997 and 1999, this study attempts to document resource utilization and disparities in compulsory education in China. It found that while the pattern of resource utilization was similar across different areas in the country, there were substantial disparities in the level of per-student spending across these areas. The spending gap was particularly substantial between urban and rural areas, and between coastal region and other regions. Although non-minority areas spent more than minority areas, the gap was relatively modest. Five measures of inequality were estimated and they showed a remarkable consistency in demonstrating a large degree of inequality in school spending at both primary and lowersecondary levels nationwide in 1999. Decomposition of the Theil indexes indicated that between two-thirds and three-quarters of financial inequality resided within provinces, and between onequarter to one third of the financial inequality existed between provinces. For the urban and rural groups, the decomposition also showed that the great majority of the inequality resided within these groups instead of between these two groups. Comparison of 1997 and 1999 results showed that nationwide, there was no significant change in the overall level of inequality in per-student total spending. However, in the same period, the spending gap increased between counties at the top-end and bottom-end of the spending distribution; per-student total spending increased much faster at the top end than at the bottom end. The spending gap also increased between urban and rural areas, and between coastal areas and the rest of the country. The implications of these findings for education policy were discussed. *Mun C. Tsang is Professor of Education Economics and Director of the Center on Chinese Education, Teachers College Columbia University; and Yanqing Ding is Lecturer of Education at Peking University and a Research Assistant at the Center on Chinese Education. An earlier draft of the paper was presented at the Association for Asian Studies Conference held in Washington, DC, in April 2002.
The Neural Underpinings of Simultanagnosia: Disconnecting the Visuospatial Attention Network

Because of our limited processing capacity, different elements of the visual scene compete for the allocation of processing resources. One of the most striking deficits in visual selection is simultanagnosia, a rare neuropsychological condition characterized by impaired spatial awareness of more than one object at time. To decompose the neuroanatomical substrates of the syndrome and to gain insights into the structural and functional organization of visuospatial attention, we performed a systematic evaluation of lesion patterns in a group of simultanagnosic patients compared with patients with either (i) unilateral visuospatial deficits (neglect and/or extinction) or (ii) bilateral posterior lesions without visuospatial deficits, using overlap/subtraction analyses, estimation of lesion volume, and a lesion laterality index. We next used voxel-based morphometry to assess the link between different visuospatial deficits and gray matter and white matter (WM) damage. Lesion overlap/subtraction analyses, lesion laterality index, and voxel-based morphometry measures converged to indicate that bilateral parieto-occipital WM disconnections are both distinctive and necessary to create symptoms associated with simultanagnosia. We also found that bilateral gray matter damage within the middle frontal area (BA 46), cuneus, calacarine, and parieto-occipital fissure as well as right hemisphere parietal lesions within intraparietal and postcentral gyri were associated with simultanagnosia. Further analysis of the WM based on tractography revealed associations with bilateral damage to major pathways within the visuospatial attention network, including the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. We conclude that damage to the parieto-occipital regions and the intraparietal sulcus, together, with bilateral WM disconnections within the visuosptial attention network, contribute to poor visual processing of multiple objects and the loss of processing speed characteristic of simultanagnosia.
Psychosocial Correlates of Young Athletes’ Self-Reported Concussion Symptoms During the Course of Recovery

Fifty-one youth athletes (n = 27 female, age = 14.53 years, SD = 1.85) presented to a local hospital outpatient concussion clinic on average 7.67 days postconcussion for standard medical assessment, including the self-report Sport-Concussion Assessment Tool-2 (Time 1). They completed follow-up symptom assessments at Time 2 (7.48 ± 1.24 days after Time 1) and Time 3 (7.63 ± 1.42 days after Time 2). We assessed the relations between theoretically relevant personal and situational variables, assessed at Time 2, and concussion symptom reports at Time 2 and Time 3. Using hierarchical regression, we also assessed relations between personal/situational factors and changes in symptom intensity from Time 1 to Time 2, Time 1 to Time 3, and Time 2 to Time 3, controlling for Time 1 postconcussion symptom intensity, age, gender, concussion history over the past 12 months, and the number of days since sustaining the current concussion. Controlling for these factors, the combined influence of the psychosocial factors predicted 43% of the variance in symptom expression at Time 3. Psychosocial factors also accounted for 27% of the variance in symptom change from Time 1 to Time 2, and 23% of the variance in symptom change from Time 1 to Time 3. Athletic identity, performance anxiety, and amotivation were the most consistent and influential person variables, each being related to more intense symptom reports and slower recovery. Results suggest the potential importance of psychological factors in concussion recovery.
CFTR Expression Analysis in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells by Flow Cytometry

Rationale Unbiased approaches that study aberrant protein expression in primary airway epithelial cells at single cell level may profoundly improve diagnosis and understanding of airway diseases. We here present a flow cytometric procedure to study CFTR expression in human primary nasal epithelial cells from patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Our novel approach may be important in monitoring of therapeutic responses, and better understanding of CF disease at the molecular level. Objectives Validation of a panel of CFTR-directed monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry and CFTR expression analysis in nasal epithelial cells from healthy controls and CF patients. Methods We analyzed CFTR expression in primary nasal epithelial cells at single cell level using flow cytometry. Nasal cells were stained for pan-Cytokeratin, E cadherin, and CD45 (to discriminate epithelial cells and leukocytes) in combination with intracellular staining of CFTR. Healthy individuals and CF patients were compared. Measurements and Main Results We observed various cellular populations present in nasal brushings that expressed CFTR protein at different levels. Our data indicated that CF patients homozygous for F508del express varying levels of CFTR protein in nasal epithelial cells, although at a lower level than healthy controls. Conclusion CFTR protein is expressed in CF patients harboring F508del mutations but at lower levels than in healthy controls. Multicolor flow cytometry of nasal cells is a relatively simple procedure to analyze the composition of cellular subpopulations and protein expression at single cell level.
Integrating IMS with web services to enable IP Multimedia Service Oriented Architectures

The IP multimedia subsystem has provided major advances for IP-based telecom infrastructures and services. The IMS core network enables a variety of IMS-compliant communications services to interoperate while being accessed through different kinds of access networks, preferably broadband. As both consumer and corporate users are by now used to access services, even communications services through the Web and Web-based communities and social networks, it is key for success of IMS-based services to be provided with efficient Web access, so users can benefit from those new services by using Web-based applications and user interfaces, not only IMS user equipments and SIP protocol. HP CMS has developed the mobile personal community broadcasting (MPCB) service, an IMS / Web 2.0 Live Group Video Share application that is an example of IMS video solution with strong Web 2.0 integration. The efficient integration of IMS and SOA architectures will be essential to achieve the desired goals. Both parlay-X standard WSDL should be supported as well as innovative Web 2.0 web services SDK. One of the key network elements in integrated IMS-SOA environments is the telecom Web services gateway (TWSG), exposing the rich IMS services to the SOA world in an efficient, secured and manageable manner.
Do employees’ private demands lead to cyberloafing? The mediating role of job stress

Purpose Cyberloafing has been reported as a prevalent practice among employees and has been called the hidden epidemic killing business productivity. Given the importance of this issue, this study aims to propose and empirically test a research model to investigate the relationships between private demands, job stress and cyberloafing, premised on border theory, conservation of resources theory and general strain theory. Design/methodology/approach A total of 301 usable data were collected from employees who work in the ICT sector, using self-reported questionnaires that are subsequently analysed using Partial Least Square (PLS) structural equation modelling. Findings The results of this study have revealed that both private demands and job stress are positively related to cyberloafing. In addition, job stress is positively related to private demands and also partially mediates the relationship between private demands and cyberloafing. Therefore, the findings are suggestive of employee’s job resources being depleted when they cross between work and non-work domains as they attempt to satisfy their private demands. As a result, insufficient job resources channelled towards handling job-related demands results in job stress, followed by their engagement in cyberloafing behaviour as a coping mechanism. Originality/value The main theoretical contribution of this research is to expand upon the existing knowledge of the relationship between private demands and cyberloafing by demonstrating the mediating effect of job stress. Interestingly, the findings revealed that employees’ non-work domain can have a significant influence on both emotions and behaviours at work.
Adolescents finding purpose: Comparing purpose and life satisfaction in the context of Singaporean and Israeli moral education

Abstract Purpose is an intention over the long-term to have an effect on the world that is both meaningful to oneself and to others. What are schools doing to help students use the knowledge and skills they learn in school in their own lives and aspirations? This is the first study that compares adolescent purposes and life satisfaction in Singaporean and Israeli schools. Findings showed four purpose clusters for Singaporean adolescents: No Orientation, Self-focused, Other-focused, and both Self- and Other-focused. Israeli adolescents were in three purpose clusters: Self-focused, Other-focused, and Self- and Other-focused. The purpose groups differed on average life satisfaction in both countries: Self- and Other-focused were highest, followed by Self-focused and Other-focused. The No Orientation group in Singapore was lowest. Notably, beyond these differences between the groups, Israeli adolescents reported significantly higher life satisfaction in each purpose group. We discuss implications for schools and education policymakers.
Enhancing web-based language learning through self-monitoring

The present study investigated the effects of a self-monitoring strategy on web-based language learning. Both students' academic performance and their motivational beliefs were investigated. The interaction between the use of a self-monitoring strategy and the level of learners' English proficiency was also examined. A total of 99 college students who were enrolled in classes for Freshmen English participated in this study. The experimental group was led to a web page with self-monitoring form for recording study time and environment, learning process, predicting test scores, and self-evaluation while the control group was not. It was found that (1) the self-monitoring strategy had a significant main effect on students' academic performance and their motivational beliefs; students who applied the self-monitoring strategy outperformed students who did not apply the self-monitoring strategy on both academic performance and motivational beliefs regardless of their English proficiency level; and (2) the influence of self-monitoring was greater on the lower English level students than on the higher English level students. The positive findings suggest that encouraging students to develop self-monitoring could help increase the success of online learning. Thus, applying a self-monitoring strategy is strongly recommended for web-based instruction.
Identification of Type II Interferon Receptors in Geese: Gene Structure, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Expression Patterns

Interferon γ receptor 1 (IFNGR1) and IFNGR2 are two cell membrane molecules belonging to class II cytokines, which play important roles in the IFN-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. Here, goose IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 were cloned and identified for the first time. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that relatively high levels of goose IFNγ mRNA transcripts were detected in immune tissues, including the harderian gland, cecal tonsil, cecum, and thymus. Relatively high expression levels of both IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 were detected in the cecal tonsil, which implicated an important role of IFNγ in the secondary immune system of geese. No specific correlation between IFNγ, IFNGR1, and IFNGR2 expression levels was observed in the same tissues of healthy geese. IFNγ and its cognate receptors showed different expression profiles, although they appeared to maintain a relatively balanced state. Furthermore, the agonist R848 led to the upregulation of goose IFNγ but did not affect the expression of goose IFNGR1 or IFNGR2. In summary, trends in expression of goose IFNγ and its cognate receptors showed tissue specificity, as well as an age-related dependency. These findings may help us to better understand the age-related susceptibility to pathogens in birds.
Convergence rates for a class of neural networks with logarithmic function

The aim of this paper is to estimate the approximation error which results from the method of feedforward neural networks (FNNs) with logarithmic sigmoidal function s(x) = (1+e−x)−1. By means of an extending function approach, a class of FNNs with single hidden layer and the active function s(x) is constructed to approximate the continuous function defined on a compact interval. By using the modulus of continuity of function as metric, the rate of convergence of the FNNs is estimated. Also, a numerical examples for illustrating the theoretical results is given.
The pivotal role of astrocytes in an in vitro stroke model of the blood-brain barrier

Stabilization of the blood-brain barrier during and after stroke can lead to less adverse outcome. For elucidation of underlying mechanisms and development of novel therapeutic strategies validated in vitro disease models of the blood-brain barrier could be very helpful. To mimic in vitro stroke conditions we have established a blood-brain barrier in vitro model based on mouse cell line cerebEND and applied oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). The role of astrocytes in this disease model was investigated by using cell line C6. Transwell studies pointed out that addition of astrocytes during OGD increased the barrier damage significantly in comparison to the endothelial monoculture shown by changes of transendothelial electrical resistance as well as fluorescein permeability data. Analysis on mRNA and protein levels by qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy of tight junction molecules claudin-3,-5,-12, occludin and ZO-1 revealed that their regulation and localisation is associated with the functional barrier breakdown. Furthermore, soluble factors of astrocytes, OGD and their combination were able to induce changes of functionality and expression of ABC-transporters Abcb1a (P-gp), Abcg2 (bcrp), and Abcc4 (mrp4). Moreover, the expression of proteases (matrixmetalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and t-PA) as well as of their endogenous inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-3, PAI-1) was altered by astrocyte factors and OGD which resulted in significant changes of total MMP and t-PA activity. Morphological rearrangements induced by OGD and treatment with astrocyte factors were confirmed at a nanometer scale using atomic force microscopy. In conclusion, astrocytes play a major role in blood-brain barrier breakdown during OGD in vitro.