Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedlings : Synthesis and Accumulation of Heat Shock Proteins and their Cellular Localization.

When soybean Glycine max var Wayne seedlings are shifted from a normal growth temperature of 28 degrees C up to 40 degrees C (heat shock or HS), there is a dramatic change in protein synthesis. A new set of proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSPs) is produced and normal protein synthesis is greatly reduced. A brief 10-minute exposure to 45 degrees C followed by incubation at 28 degrees C also results in the synthesis of HSPs. Prolonged incubation (e.g. 1-2 hours) at 45 degrees C results in greatly impaired protein synthesis and seedling death. However, a pretreatment at 40 degrees C or a brief (10-minute) pulse treatment at 45 degrees C followed by a 28 degrees C incubation provide protection (thermal tolerance) to a subsequent exposure at 45 degrees C. Maximum thermoprotection is achieved by a 2-hour 40 degrees C pretreatment or after 2 hours at 28 degrees C with a prior 10-minute 45 degrees C exposure. Arsenite treatment (50 micromolar for 3 hours) also induces the synthesis of HSP-like proteins, and also provides thermoprotection to a 45 degrees C HS; thus, there is a strong positive correlation between the accumulation of HSPs and the acquisition of thermal tolerance under a range of conditions.During 40 degrees C HS, some HSPs become localized and stably associated with purified organelle fractions (e.g. nuclei, mitochondria, and ribosomes) while others do not. A chase at 28 degrees C results in the gradual loss over a 4-hour period of the HSPs from the organelle fractions, but the HSPs remain selectively localized during a 40 degrees C chase period. If the seedlings are subjected to a second HS after a 28 degrees C chase, the HSPs rapidly (complete within 15 minute) relocalize in the organelle fractions. The relative amount of the HSPs which relocalize during a second HS increases with higher temperatures from 40 degrees C to 45 degrees C. Proteins induced by arsenite treatment are not selectively localized with organelle fractions at 28 degrees C but become organelle-associated during a subsequent HS at 40 degrees C.
New developments in and directions for goal-setting research.

Abstract. Goal setting is an “open” theory built on inductive findings from empirical research. The present paper briefly summarizes this theory. Emphasis is then given to findings that have been obtained in the present millennium with regard to (1) the high performance cycle, (2) the role of goals as mediators of personality effects on performance, (3) personality variables as moderators of goal effects on performance, the effect of (4) distal, (5) proximal, and (6) learning goals on performance on tasks that are complex for people, (7) the ways in which priming affects the impact of a goal, (8) the interrelationship between goal setting and affect, and (9) the results of goal setting by teams. Potential directions for research on goal setting in the workplace are suggested with regard to goal abandonment, perfectionism, an employee's age, subconscious goals, and the relationship between goals and knowledge.
Automatic generation of mobile app signatures from traffic observations

There are network management, traffic engineering, and security practices adopted in today's networking that rely on the knowledge about what applications' traffic is passing through the networks. These practices might fail with mobile apps whose identity remains hidden in generic HTTP traffic. The main reason is that unlike traditional applications, most mobile apps do not use specific protocols or IP ports with distinctive features. Many enterprises and service providers are in a great need of regaining control over their networks that increasingly carry mobile traffic. In this paper we propose FLOWR, a system that automatically identifies mobile apps by continually learning the apps' distinguishing features via traffic analysis. FLOWR focuses solely on key-value pairs in HTTP headers and intelligently identifies the pairs suitable for app signatures. Our system employs a custom supervised learning approach that leverages a very limited knowledge of app-signature seeds and autonomously grows its capacity for app identification. The approach is motivated by a simple but effective hypothesis that unknown app-identifying features should co-occur with the known signatures. Our experimental results show a significant growth in flow identification coverage provided by FLOWR. Specifically, we show that FLOWR can achieve identification of 86-95% of flows related to their generating apps.
THE USE OF PHOSPHORUS AND OTHER SOIL AMENDMENTS FOR IN SITU STABILIZATION OF SOIL LEAD

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of P, Mn oxide, and time on bioavailable Pb in five metal-contaminated soils or mine spoils in the absence or the presence of plants, and to evaluate the effect of those treatments on phytoavailability of Pb, Cd, and Zn. The addition of P or Mn oxide reduced bioavailable Pb compared to control, as measured by a modified physiologically based extraction procedure (PBET). The maximum reduction in bioavailable Pb was always observed with the addition of P and manganese oxides together. X-ray diffractometry analyses support the PBET results, indicating that more “pyromorphite-like minerals” may have formed in the presence of both P and Mn oxides. Synergistic effects from the presence of Mn oxide with P in reducing Pb bioavailability were still evident after extensive cropping of the soils. Several mechanisms, alone or in combination, may have been responsible for this synergistic effect. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in sudax and Swiss chard plant tissues were reduced in the presence of soluble P, and soluble P or insoluble P with Mn oxides. This new improved in situ technique to remediate Pb-contaminated soil and mine wastes has advantages over standard methods.
Turning points in addiction careers: five case studies

On the way to recovery from addictive behaviours many people experience certain turning points. These moments are approached here through five case studies of individuals who have been able to overcome their addictions. Both process-related and narrative concepts are used as tools of analysis. The turning points of these individuals seemed to involve a heightened awareness and a cognitive-emotional shift, in which a person's regular pattern of seeing, interpreting and approaching things is suddenly changed. Some of these experiences are characterized by an internal conflict resolution, others by a confrontation with reality. Still others reflect a commitment to a goal. Turning point experiences give rise to vivid memories that guide later decision making. They also serve as a means of highlighting the moral of their story.
The Balance of Striatal Feedback Transmission Is Disrupted in a Model of Parkinsonism

Inhibitory connections among striatal projection neurons (SPNs) called “feedback inhibition,” have been proposed to endow the striatal microcircuit with computational capabilities, such as motor sequence selection, filtering, and the emergence of alternating network states. These properties are disrupted in models of Parkinsonism. However, the impact of feedback inhibition in the striatal network has remained under debate. Here, we test this inhibition at the microcircuit level. We used optical and electrophysiological recordings in mice and rats to demonstrate the action of striatal feedback transmission in normal and pathological conditions. Dynamic calcium imaging with single-cell resolution revealed the synchronous activation of a pool of identified SPNs by antidromic stimulation. Using bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic mice, we demonstrate that the activated neuron pool equally possessed cells from the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways. This pool inhibits itself because of its own GABA release when stimuli are frequent enough, demonstrating functional and significant inhibition. Blockade of GABAA receptors doubled the number of responsive neurons to the same stimulus, revealing a second postsynaptic neuron pool whose firing was being arrested by the first pool. Stronger connections arise from indirect SPNs. Dopamine deprivation impaired striatal feedback transmission disrupting the ability of a neuronal pool to arrest the firing of another neuronal pool. We demonstrate that feedback inhibition among SPNs is strong enough to control the firing of cell ensembles in the striatal microcircuit. However, to be effective, feedback inhibition should arise from synchronized pools of SPNs whose targets are other SPNs pools.
Electrowetting with contact line pinning: Computational modeling and comparisons with experiments

This work describes the modeling and simulation of planar electrowetting on dielectric devices that move fluid droplets by modulating surface tension effects. The fluid dynamics are modeled by Hele-Shaw type equations with a focus on including the relevant boundary phenomena. Specifically, we include contact angle saturation and a contact line force threshold model that can account for hysteresis and pinning effects. These extra boundary effects are needed to make reasonable predictions of the correct shape and time scale of liquid motion. Without them the simulations can predict droplet motion that is much faster than in experiments (up to 10–20 times faster). We present a variational method for our model, and a corresponding finite element discretization, which is able to handle surface tension, conservation of mass, and the nonlinear contact line pinning in a straightforward and numerically robust way. In particular, the contact line pinning is captured by a variational inequality. We note that all the.
Representing the ways of the world: How children under three start to use syntax in graphic signs

This article reports on some of the findings of an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funded project that looks at the mark-making of children under three years old. The data were all collected in the children's homes, and multimodal transcription and analyses were used. The project focused on an investigation of the principles that children use when they first start to construct signs that associate the making of marks with the representation of personal meanings, including those that relate to systems of writing. The article is set in the wider context of discussion of related educational practice. Two findings are discussed in detail, with a presentation of exemplar evidence from analyses of the mark-making of two of the children. In the first, the relationship between marks made by young children, and systems and notations of drawing, writing and number is considered; evidence from this research suggests that while they draw on these systems, young children produce graphic signs that have an independent status, and that have relational structures that refer to other signs within the text, as well as to external objects and experiences. The second finding looks at how children use everyday social and bodily experiences to evolve predictable mark-making structures, and examines this process of grammaticization in a child's construction of an inventory.
Developing Instructional Leaders: Using Mixed Methods to Explore the Black Box of Planned Change in Principals’ Professional Practice

Purpose: This study examines learning, and both cognitive and behavioral change among a sample of randomly assigned urban principals, half of whom participated in a sustained, district-based professional development program (DPD). Research Methods: Latent class analyses of daily log data, qualitative typology development, and case studies of change provide a rich portrait of the learning and change process. Findings: Few dramatic transformations of practice. Instead, principals attributed to the DPD a gradual refinement of existing practice through a process that allowed them to “break down” declarative knowledge to better understand its consequences for their work, but also provided knowledge structures, tools, and routines for reintegrating ideas from the program into strategically valuable procedural knowledge. Implications: Results suggest potential for developing principals’ competencies within continuing practice communities, but expectation of incremental rather than a dramatic “turn around” in principals’ leadership through program interventions.
Gene expression profiles in HPV‐infected head and neck cancer

Epidemiological and laboratory evidence indicate that, in addition to tobacco and alcohol, human papillomaviruses (HPV) play an important aetiological role in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To evaluate the molecular pathogenesis of HPV‐infected HNSCC, we compared gene expression patterns between HPV‐positive and ‐negative HNSCC tumours using cDNA microarrays. Tumour tissue was collected from 42 histologically confirmed HNSCC patients from an inner‐city area of New York. Total DNA and RNA were extracted and purified from frozen tumour samples and gene expression levels were compared to a universal human reference RNA standard using a 27 323 cDNA microarray chip. HPV detection and genotyping were performed using an MY09/11‐PCR system and RT‐PCR. HPV was detected in 29% of HNSCC tumours. Most harboured only HPV16 and expressed the HPV16‐E6 oncogene. HPV prevalence was highest in pharyngeal tumours (45%). Gene expression patterns that differentiated HPV‐positive from negative tumours were compared by supervised classification analysis, and a multiple‐gene signature was found to predict HPV16 prevalence in primary HNSCC with a false discovery rate < 0.2. Focusing on never‐smokers, we further identified a distinct subset of 123 genes that were specifically dysregulated in HPV16‐positive HNSCC. Overexpressed genes in HPV‐positive HNSCC tumours included the retinoblastoma‐binding protein (p18), replication factor‐C gene, and an E2F‐dimerization partner transcription factor (TFDP2) that have also been found to be overexpressed in cervical cancer. An additional subset of genes involved in viral defence and immune response, including interleukins and interferon‐induced proteins, was found to be down‐regulated in HPV‐positive tumours, supporting a characteristic and unique transcriptional profile in HPV‐induced HNSCC. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family synchronizers: Predictors of sleep-wake rhythm for Japanese first-time mothers

The purpose of this study was to describe the association between the regularity of sleep patterns for first-time Japanese mothers in the early postpartum period and the sleep and wake activity of their infants and partners. Longitudinal time-series studies of 101 healthy Japanese childbearing couples were conducted between May 2002 and January 2003. Data were obtained from couples at 32–6 weeks pregnancy and 4–5 weeks after birth. The questionnaire packet for each father and mother included a demographic questionnaire, a sleep-wake log for 7 days, a social rhythm metric for 7 days and a morningness-eveningness questionnaire. A four-stage hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed in which the mother’s sleep-wake rhythm strength was the dependent variable. The variance in postpartum sleep-wake rhythm strength for first-time mothers was explained by three predictor variables. Household income, the mother’s chronotype during pregnancy and the father’s daily social rhythm at 4–5 weeks after birth made unique contributions to the variance (24.7%) in the mother’s sleep-wake rhythm strength at 4–5 weeks postpartum. A mother’s own tendency to be a morning or evening chronotype and the regularity of the father’s daily schedule of activities appear to influence first-time mother’s sleep-wake rhythm strength during early postpartum recovery more than disruptions from the infant’s sleep-wake activity itself. Health-care providers should counsel couples on how factors associated with the parents themselves may impact on the regularity of a mother’s sleep patterns.
The roles of self-efficacy and perceived teacher support in the acquisition of statistical reasoning abilities: a path analysis

Despite frequent instructional reforms, statistics remains the most difficult and stressful course domain for many university social science students. It is assumed by some researchers that students' self-efficacy beliefs and their feelings about teacher support affect students' achievement and exam results. In this study, we tested empirically whether this assumption is supported. The participants were undergraduate students in a descriptive (n = 96) and an inferential statistics course (n = 63). We hypothesized that after controlling for prior knowledge, self-efficacy and perceived teacher support would have both direct and indirect positive effects on statistical reasoning abilities. Path analyses of both samples largely confirmed that self-efficacy beliefs are related not only to the acquisition of statistical reasoning abilities but also to perceptions of teacher support. In turn, teacher support indirectly nurtures statistical reasoning abilities. Identifying and remedying initial sense of self-beliefs can have great impact on success in statistics learning.
Effects of age, education, and gender on CERAD neuropsychological test performance in an African American sample

Abstract Eighty-three normal, healthy, African American men and women aged 65 and older completed the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease-Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB). Regression analyses indicated powerful education and less marked age and gender influences on CERAD-NB test performance. Higher education was associated with better performance on nearly all CERAD-NB tests, age effects were noted only on the memory indices (younger subjects had better scores), and women performed slightly better than men on one index from the Word List Learning Test. Age and education interacted on the Word List Learning Test such that the best scores were obtained by younger subjects with more years of schooling; the other age-education combinations did not differ from each other. Factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution (i.e., a nonmemory general cognitive factor and a verbal memory factor) which accounted for 67% of the variance. Education-stratified normative data are presented for .
Monochrome Forests and Colorful Trees: The Effect of Black-and-White versus Color Imagery on Construal Level

Marketing communications (e.g., advertising, packaging) can be either colorful or black and white. This research investigates how presence or absence of color affects consumer information processing. Drawing from construal-level and visual perception theory, five experiments test the hypothesis that black-and-white (BW) versus color imagery is cognitively associated with high-level versus low-level construal, respectively. Experiment 1 establishes this association via an Implicit Association Test. On the basis of this association, experiments 2 and 3 show that BW (vs. color) imagery promotes high-level (vs. low-level) construal, leading to sorting objects on the basis of high-level (vs. low-level) features, segmenting behaviors into broader (vs. narrower) units, and interpreting actions as ends (vs. means). Extending this effect into consumer decision making, experiments 4 and 5 further show that consumers presented with BW (vs. color) product pictures weight primary and essential (vs. secondary and superficial) product features more and prefer an option that excels on those features.
Discrepancy in patient-rated and oncologist-rated performance status on depression and anxiety in cancer: a prospective study protocol

Objective Psychological distress is common in patients with cancer. We need a rapid means of screening for and identifying depression and anxiety in patients with cancer. The present study evaluates the potential of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) scoring as a brief screening tool to assess psychological distress in routine cancer care. The ECOG PS is widely used by oncologists and the WHO, as a standardised measure to assess general well-being in patients with cancer and quality of life in cancer trials. We examine the discrepancy between patient-rated and oncologist-rated PS scores on the ECOG in a comparative assessment against the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Methods and design This is a prospective evaluation of approximately 500 ambulatory adult cancer patients from a large academic medical centre. Participants will be asked to assess their own ECOG PS on a scale of 0–4, which will be compared to ECOG PS as rated by their oncologists. Higher ECOG PS scores indicate poorer daily functioning. Both patient-rated and oncologist-rated ECOG PS and their absolute differences will be tested for predictive and concurrent validity against the HADS. A HADS cut-off ≥15 will be used. Ethics approval for this study has been secured from the institutional ethics board. Outcomes are re-evaluated at 4-week to 6-week and 1-year follow-up. Conclusion This study holds practical significance for rapid screening of psychological distress in the cancer clinic with the use of the ECOG PS scoring. Given the high prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer, screening is important to increase its recognition, which will, in turn, help to direct referrals and deliver appropriate intervention. This study also generates greater insight into the association between psychosomatic complaints and psychological distress. Trial registration number MEC 896.52.
Top ten secrets of effective e‐learning

Purpose – The intent of the study was to identify the factors that are contributing to the success of learner experiences at Capella University.Design/methodology/approach – A case study of Capella University was conducted to determine success factors. An appreciative inquiry approach was used involving learners and faculty at Capella University to identify and analyze what was going well. Interviews, focus groups, and daily practice within courserooms and existing learner evaluations were also analyzed.Findings – Success factors tend to cluster around ten categories. These are: shared learning centered vision; comprehensive course design process; customized scoring guides; group work strategies; characteristics of effective facilitators; faculty training and support; great expectations; meaningful feedback; monitoring and evaluation; and continuous improvement.Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to Capella University.Practical implications – The ten success factors identified can be .
Human awareness and uses of odor cues in everyday life: Results from a questionnaire study in children

The Children's Olfactory Behavior in Everyday Life questionnaire was developed to assess attention to, and uses of, odors in real-life situations, and to evaluate individual variations. The tool comprises 16 items prompting self-reports of active seeking, awareness and affective reactivity to odors of food, people and the environment. Children (102 girls, 113 boys) aged 6–10 years participated in the study. The results revealed that girls were significantly more olfaction-oriented than boys, especially towards the odors of people, self and the environment. An increasing ability of children to describe the odor facets of their perceptual world was found between 6 and 10 years, partly due to ameliorating verbal skills. Finally, owning an “attachment object” was linked to olfactory reactivity to odors, especially in social and affective contexts. Overall, this research contributes to expand our understanding of the behavioral importance of odors in children and its individual variations, and it brings additional arguments against the prevalent concept of functional microsmaty applied to the human species.