Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss of NADPH Oxidase–Derived Superoxide Skews Macrophage Phenotypes to Delay Type 1 Diabetes

Macrophages are early islet-infiltrating cells seen in type 1 diabetes (T1D). While proinflammatory M1 macrophages induce T1D, M2 macrophages have been shown to delay this autoimmune disease in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, but the environmental cues that govern macrophage polarization and differentiation remain unresolved. We previously demonstrated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T1D, as NOD mice deficient in NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived superoxide (Ncf1m1J) were protected against T1D partly because of blunted Toll-like receptor–dependent macrophage responses. We provide evidence that NOX-derived ROS contribute to macrophage differentiation in T1D. During spontaneous diabetes progression, T1D-resistant NOD.Ncf1m1J islet-resident macrophages displayed a dampened M1 and increased M2 phenotype. The transfer of diabetogenic T cells into NOX-deficient NOD.Rag. Ncf1m1J recipients resulted in decreased TNF-α+ and IL-1β+ islet-infiltrating M1 macrophages and a concomitant enhancement in arginase-1+ M2 macrophages. Mechanistic analysis of superoxide-deficient bone marrow–derived macrophages revealed a marked diminution in a proinflammatory M1 phenotype due to decreased P-STAT1 (Y701) and interferon regulatory factor 5 compared with NOD mice. We have therefore defined a novel mechanistic link between NOX-derived ROS and macrophage phenotypes, and implicated superoxide as an important factor in macrophage differentiation. Thus, targeting macrophage redox status may represent a promising therapy in halting human T1D.
Experiences With Sexual Coercion in College Males and Females

The contributions of aggression in family of origin, acceptance of rape myths, sexist attitudes, the Big-Five personality factors, and self-esteem to the experience of sexual coercion or aggression were studied in a homogenous sample of young college students. Significant relationships were found between aggression in the family of origin and experience with sexual coercion for both males and females. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that personality and attitude measures, including acceptance of rape myths, were not related to sexual aggression in males. A similar analysis for females found small relationships between extroversion and childhood selfesteem and experience with sexual aggression. The implications of these results are discussed.
Hypertensive Pontine Microhemorrhage

Background and Purpose— This study investigated whether the topography of hypertensive pontine microhemorrhages (hPMHs) resembles that of larger primary pontine hemorrhages. Methods— Sixty-nine consecutive patients with small-vessel disease underwent imaging with gradient-echo MRI, and 27 patients with hPMH were detected. Lesion size and location along the rostrocaudal (longitudinal), lateral (coronal), and anteroposterior (sagittal) axes were determined. Results— A total of 52 hPMHs were identified in the 27 patients (mean, 1.93±2.4 per patient). The lesions showed a nonrandom distribution, with a propensity to occur in the middle pons in the rostrocaudal axis, posterior half of the basis pontis in the anteroposterior axis, and central subdivision within the lateral axis. The area of hPMH ranged from 1.3 to 19.0 mm2 (mean, 5.06±3.72 mm2). The size of hPMH did not vary as a function of lesion location. Conclusions— Previous studies reported that primary pontine hemorrhages tend to occur in the middle pons and at the junction of basis pontis and tegmentum. Therefore, topographical correspondences between large and small pontine hemorrhages may provide evidence that the 2 lesions share some etiological basis. Further investigation may determine whether hPMHs portend future symptomatic primary pontine hemorrhages.
Culture, Emotions and Behavioural Intentions: Implications for Tourism Research and Practice

The motivation for pursuing this topic was stimulated by the view that theory relating to tourist behaviour, while plentiful, was descriptive and lacked empirical support. A critical multi-disciplinary review of contemporary theories of human behaviour led to the identification of a theoretical perspective that shows some promise as a predictor of tourist behaviour. The review additionally established that the role of cultural values, and emotions as predictors of behaviour or behavioural intentions, have been under-represented in the tourism literature. Emerging evidence suggests that tourism practitioners have much to gain by taking emotions into consideration, and tourism researchers have more work to do in order to understand the culture/behaviour link. A number of models have been identified as suitable for operationalising these constructs and the review concluded with recommendations for future research.
Theory-of-mind deficits and causal attributions

The ability to understand and conceptualize the mental processes of other people is considered to play a vital role in social interactions. Deficits in this area, sometimes known as theory-of-mind (ToM) deficits, have been identified as playing a possible causal role in autism, Asperger's syndrome and schizophrenic disorders, particularly paranoia. Paranoia has also been associated with an abnormal attributional style, an observation that suggests that ToM and attributional processes may be related phenomena. This paper describes a study examining the relationship between attributional processes and ToM deficits. Seventy-seven undergraduate participants completed a ToM task and forty-six also completed the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire (IPSAQ). ToM deficits were associated with an increased tendency to identify other individuals as responsible for negative social situations. The implications of the observed relationship between attributions and ToM deficits are discussed.
Assessing lexical production in deaf signing children with the Boston Naming Test

A picture naming task, the Boston Naming Test, originally developed for spoken language, has been adapted to Italian Sign Language in order to assess the vocabulary of Italian deaf signing children. Thirty deaf and thirty hearing children and adolescents (aged 6–14 years) participated in the study. In the deaf signing group, half of the children attended a bilingual school. Results show no significant differences between deaf and hearing participants in the number of correct responses provided, but do show interesting differences in the lexical accuracy observed for individual items and in error types reported for sign and speech. In the deaf group, children attending a bilingual school performed significantly better than those who did not attend a bilingual programme.
The Role of Cognitive Style and Risk Preference on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intentions

The purpose of the current study is to address the distinctive roles of cognitive style and risk preference on four types of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. More specifically, we examine how both cognitive style and risk preference separately and interactively contribute to an individual's assessment of his/her own skills and abilities as well as to his/her own entrepreneurial intentions. This study investigated these relationships using an international sample of 528 entrepreneurial students across three universities. Results indicated that individuals with a high risk preference had higher levels of entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity-identification efficacy, whereas individuals with a low risk preference had higher levels of relationship efficacy, and tolerance efficacy. Individuals with an intuitive cognitive style were also found to have lower perceived self-efficacy concerning the establishment of relationship with investors, the economic management of the new venture, and their capacity to tolerate ambiguity. However, intuitive individuals who had a high preference for risk exhibited higher levels of opportunity identification efficacy. Finally, contrary to our final hypothesis, analytic individuals with a low preference for risk had higher levels of relationship and tolerance self-efficacy than intuitive individuals with a high risk preference. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Constructivism and Jewish Early Childhood Education

Having an educational theory as a school's foundation is a key component in successful educational endeavors. However, many Jewish early childhood programs do not commonly use educational theory to support methods of instruction. In this study 14 children from a constructivist-based Jewish kindergarten class are interviewed to determine how they construct an understanding of historical time. The analysis of the interviews indicates that students use higher order thinking skills multiple times, especially when the topic of study is connected to their lives. These findings support that constructivist theory is well-suited as a theoretical foundation for Jewish early childhood programs.
Enchantment, Disenchantment, and Accommodation: How a Faculty Made Sense of the Succession of its Principal

This article presents the findings of a study that examined how an elementary school faculty made sense of the succession of its principal. The findings suggest that teachers' sense-making was affected by two sets of factors previously identified by research in noneducational settings: a group norm and characteristics of the succession process. The findings also suggest that a general expectation of change and presuccession sense-making affected the manner in which teachers interpreted succession events. The findings of this study suggest several questions to guide future research.
Learn$^{++}$ .NC: Combining Ensemble of Classifiers With Dynamically Weighted Consult-and-Vote for Efficient Incremental Learning of New Classes

We have previously introduced an incremental learning algorithm Learn++, which learns novel information from consecutive data sets by generating an ensemble of classifiers with each data set, and combining them by weighted majority voting. However, Learn++ suffers from an inherent ldquooutvotingrdquo problem when asked to learn a new class omeganew introduced by a subsequent data set, as earlier classifiers not trained on this class are guaranteed to misclassify omeganew instances. The collective votes of earlier classifiers, for an inevitably incorrect decision, then outweigh the votes of the new classifiers' correct decision on omeganew instances-until there are enough new classifiers to counteract the unfair outvoting. This forces Learn++ to generate an unnecessarily large number of classifiers. This paper describes Learn++ . NC, specifically designed for efficient incremental learning of multiple new classes using significantly fewer classifiers. To do so, Learn ++. NC introduces dynamically weighted consult and vote (DW-CAV) , a novel voting mechanism for combining classifiers: individual classifiers consult with each other to determine which ones are most qualified to classify a given instance, and decide how much weight, if any, each classifier's decision should carry. Experiments on real-world problems indicate that the new algorithm performs remarkably well with substantially fewer classifiers, not only as compared to its predecessor Learn++, but also as compared to several other algorithms recently proposed for similar problems.
In vitro and in vivo activities of sparfloxacin against Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The in vitro and in vivo activities of sparfloxacin against Mycoplasma pneumoniae were compared with those of erythromycin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and minocycline. The MICs of sparfloxacin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and minocycline for 90% of the 43 M. pneumoniae strains tested were 0.063, 0.016, 0.5, 1, and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. In the experimental pulmonary M. pneumoniae infection model in Syrian golden hamsters, sparfloxacin was as effective as erythromycin when orally administered at 15 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days and more effective than erythromycin when orally administered at 10 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. Sparfloxacin was more effective than levofloxacin and ofloxacin in both dosing regimens. The peak concentrations of sparfloxacin in hamster sera after administration of single oral doses of 15 mg/kg were almost the same as those in human sera after administration of single oral doses of 200 mg (the usual clinical dose), and the half-life of sparfloxacin in hamster serum was shorter than that in human serum after administration of a single oral dose of 200 mg. These results suggest that sparfloxacin may be clinically useful for the treatment of M. pneumoniae infections.
Cluster Analysis in Sociometric Research: A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Identifying Temporally Stable Peer Status Groups of Girls

A modern clustering technique was applied to age-10 and age-13 sociometric data with the purpose of identifying longitudinally stable peer status clusters. The study included 445 girls from a Swedish longitudinal study. The identified temporally stable clusters of rejected, popular, and average girls were essentially larger than corresponding groups identified according to the frequently used Coie, Dodge, and Coppotelli (CDC) classification method. It was further shown that all stably rejected and all (but one) stably popular CDC girls were members in corresponding clusters. Although no stable clusters of neglected or controversial girls were identified, some temporally volatile clusters were found, which were interpreted as largely accidental groupings. Rejected and popular clusters showed similar associations to some childhood adjustment correlates as the CDC groups and also have been documented by earlier sociometric research. The conclusion was that the clustering technique seems to be a promising classification method in longitudinal sociometric research.
Challenges to collaboration in school mental health and strategies for overcoming them.

BACKGROUND This article reviews challenges to collaboration in school mental health (SMH) and presents practical strategies for overcoming them. METHODS The importance of collaboration to the success of SMH programs is reviewed, with a particular focus on collaboration between school- and community-employed professionals. Challenges to effective collaboration between school- and community-employed professionals in SMH are considered. Strategies for overcoming challenges to effective collaboration are presented. RESULTS Marginalization of the SMH agenda, limited interdisciplinary teamwork, restricted coordination mechanisms, confidentiality concerns, and resource and funding issues are key challenges to collaboration. Strategies targeted toward each of these challenges may help improve the effectiveness of SMH programs and ultimately student outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Collaboration between school- and community-employed professionals is critical to the success of SMH programs. Despite its promise, the success of SMH programs can be jeopardized by ineffective collaboration between school- and community-employed professionals. Strategies to overcome marginalization, promote authentic interdisciplinary teamwork, build effective coordination mechanisms, protect student and family confidentiality, and promote policy change and resource enhancements should be addressed in SMH improvement planning.
Untangling the Networking Phenomenon

Compared to the extensive research that has investigated the structures of social relationships (i.e., social networks), relatively little research attention has been geared towards understanding how and why individuals initiate, build, and maintain social networks (i.e., networking) from a psychological perspective. The objective of this review is to shed light on the dynamic, psychological processes at the center of individuals’ discretionary, professional relationship development. The diffuse networking literature in the field of management is reviewed and organized into four primary research streams. On the basis of insights from this review, we propose a dynamic, psychological model of how and why individuals strategically network, which marries social exchange and expectancy theories with the concept of relational schema to explain the networking phenomenon across dyadic and intraindividual levels. This conceptual model posits that a networking interaction, construed as an exchange of resources within a given network relationship at a certain stage of relationship maturity, affects the relational schemas of those involved in the interaction and that each networking partner’s relational schema influences each partner’s perceptions of his or her network relationship and guides individual decisions to network with a specific network contact. The aim of this review is to lay a theoretical foundation for investigating strategic networking from a dynamic, psychological perspective.
Impact of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency Determined Using 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Hearing Outcome in Children with Cochlear Implants

Objectives 1) To review the radiologic and audiologic data of 656 children with sensorineural hearing impairment who underwent 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our cochlear implant (CI) center to understand the incidence of cochlear nerve deficiency (CND); and 2) to compare postimplant auditory and speech intelligibility outcomes in implantees with cochlear nerve (CN) aplasia, CN hypoplasia, and normal CN. Study Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting A tertiary medical center. Patients A total of 656 patients (aged 0–18 yr; mean, 4.5 ± 4.3 yr) who underwent MRI in our center during May 2000 to December 2012. Main Outcome Measures The radiologic/audiologic data were reviewed. The postimplant outcomes of 13 implantees with CND (7 aplasia and 6 hypoplasia) were compared with 50 non-CND implantees using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scales. Results Upon MRI, 139 patients (21.2%) exhibited CND. Bilateral CN aplasia occurred in 4.3% of the patients with severe-to-profound deafness (588 cases) and in one-fifth of patients with CND. The aplasia group showed significantly worse postimplant CAP (p = 0.002) and SIR (p = 0.009) scores than the non-CND group. No significant difference was noted between the hypoplasia group and the non-CND group. Conclusion Although the audiologic and radiologic results may be incompatible, the majority of patients with CND may be well delineated preoperatively using MRI. The type of CND (aplasia/hypoplasia) may affect CI outcomes. Patients implanted on the side with CN hypoplasia are more likely to exhibit favorable results compared with patients implanted on the side with CN aplasia.
Education of Older Adults in Communities with Varying Levels of Well-Being

This article deals with the education of older adults in communities with different levels of well-being. We are interested in whether the educational offerings for older adults depend on the well-being of the local community. We also examine how the educational offerings differ depending on whether the community is primarily rural or urban. In the research, the case study design was used. Municipalities were selected with respect to their level of well-being and compared regarding the educational offering for older adults. The analysis of the selected municipalities shows that the offering of educational opportunities for the older adults is more connected to the degree of urban and/or the rural character of the community than to the well-being of the community. One of the main obstacles for access to education of older adults appears to be geographical distance. In this research, we establish that the providers of education for older adults and the community's organizational cohesiveness in Slovenia do not cooperate with each other as a rule. There is also no in-depth consideration by education organizers for how to attract the older adults who don't take part in educational activities.
Linearized plasticity is the evolutionary 0-limit of finite plasticity

We provide a rigorous justification of the classical linearization approach in plasticity. By taking the small-deformations limit, we prove via 0-convergence for rate-independent processes that energetic solutions of the quasi-static finite-strain elastoplasticity system converge to the unique strong solution of linearized elastoplasticity.
Stem-loop structure in the 5' region of potato virus X genome required for plus-strand RNA accumulation.

Computer-generated thermodynamic predictions and solution structure probing indicated two stem-loop structures, stem-loop 1 (SL1; nt 32-106) and stem-loop 2 (SL2; nt 143-183), within the 5' 230 nt of potato virus X (PVX) RNA. Because the existence of SL1 was further supported by covariation analysis of several PVX strains, the functional significance of this structure was investigated by site-directed mutational analysis in a tobacco protoplast system. In general, mutations that reduced genomic plus-strand RNA accumulation similarly affected coat protein accumulation, indicating that subgenomic plus-strand RNA was also affected. In contrast, minus-strand RNA levels remained relatively unchanged. Mutational analysis of the stem C (SC) region of SL1 indicated that pairing was more important than sequence, which was consistent with the covariation analysis. Alterations that increased length and stability of either SC or stem D (SD) were deleterious to plus-strand RNA accumulation. The formation of internal loop C between SC and SD, as well as specific nucleotides within this loop, were also required. Several modifications were made to the terminal GAAA tetraloop, a motif known for enhanced RNA stability. Both GANA and GAAG motifs resulted in wild-type levels of RNA accumulation. However, a UUCG tetraloop was detrimental, indicating that the sequence of this element was important beyond just providing stabilization of the structure. These data indicate that multiple features of SL1 are critical for accumulation of PVX plus-strand RNA.
Continuous control set space vector modulation for the 3×3 direct matrix converter

In this paper, a new method for Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for the 3×3 direct matrix converter is proposed. This method is based on a combination of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and SVM, also denoted as Continuous Control Set MPC. The proposed method uses all available vectors, and allows the converter to produce waveforms of high quality at both power ports, also when subjected to unbalanced or distorted waveforms. The mathematical derivation of the proposed method is explained, and the operation illustrated by means of simulation experiments in open loop. The paper finishes with conclusions and prospects for further development and application of the method.