Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of exogenous neurotrophins on Trk receptor phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and neurotrophin secretion by cells isolated from the human lamina cribrosa.

PURPOSE Glaucoma is the number one cause of preventable blindness in the United States. The lamina cribrosa (LC) region of the optic nerve head (ONH) is a major site of injury in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Neurotrophins (NTs), which include NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4, are growth factors involved in the development and support of neurons and in non-neuronal interactions. Cells within the human LC express high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (Trks) for NTs. The purpose of this study was to determine if exogenous NTs cause (a) phosphorylation of Trk receptors in LC cells and ONH astrocytes and (b) cell proliferation and/or secretion of NTs by LC cells and ONH astrocytes. METHODS Trk phosphorylation in response to exogenous NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 treatment was studied in LC cells and ONH astrocytes using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Cell number was assayed following treatment with exogenous NTs or the Trk phosphorylation inhibitor compound K-252a. Secretion of NTs following exogenous administration of NTs was determined using immunoassays. RESULTS LC cells and ONH astrocytes express Trk receptors that are phosphorylated in response to exogenous NTs. Autocrine/paracrine signaling was also evident by Trk phosphorylation in the absence of exogenous NT treatment. ONH astrocyte cell number increased following exogenous treatment with each NT. LC cell number increased following exogenous NGF or NT-3 treatment only. Treatment with the Trk phosphorylation inhibitor K-252a decreased both LC and ONH astrocyte cell number. Exogenous NT treatment increased the secretion of NGF by LC cells and ONH astrocytes. BDNF secretion by LC cells and ONH astrocytes was decreased by exogenous NT treatment. CONCLUSIONS LC cells and ONH astrocytes express functional Trk receptors that can be activated in response to exogenous NTs. The activation of Trk receptors expressed by LC cells and ONH astrocytes in the absence of exogenous NT treatment suggests autocrine/paracrine NT signaling may occur within the ONH. Neurotrophin signaling in LC cells and ONH astrocytes may regulate cell number and/or NT secretion within the LC region of the ONH.
Learning 10,000 pictures.

Four experiments are reported which examined memory capacity and retrieval speed for pictures and for words. Single-trial learning tasks were employed throughout, with memory performance assessed by forced-choice recognition, recall measures or choice reaction-time tasks. The main experimental findings were: (I) memory capacity, as a function of the amount of material presented, follows a general power law with a characteristic exponent for each task; (2) pictorial material obeys this power law and shows an overall superiority to verbal material. The capacity of recognition memory for pictures is almost limitless, when measured under appropriate conditions; (3) when the recognition task is made harder by using more alternatives, memory capacity stays constant and the superiority of pictures is maintained; (4) picture memory also exceeds verbal memory in terms of verbal recall; comparable recognition/recall ratios are obtained for pictures, words and nonsense syllables; (5) verbal memory shows a higher retrieval speed than picture memory, as inferred from reaction-time measures. Both types of material obey a power law, when reaction-time is measured for various sizes of learning set, and both show very rapid rates of memory search. From a consideration of the experimental results and other data it is concluded that the superiority of the pictorial mode in recognition and free recall learning tasks is well established and cannot be attributed to methodological artifact.
Left ventricular ejection time: a potential determinant of pulse wave velocity in young, healthy males

Objective Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a classic marker of vascular stiffness. Recent studies showed that heart rate is an important determinant of PWV. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of myocardial function in determining PWV under resting conditions and under adrenergic stimulation. Design and methods Hemodynamic parameters were investigated under resting conditions in 102 young, healthy males and under stimulation of either β- or α2-adrenoceptors in six young, healthy males. PWV was determined from pressure tracing over the carotid and femoral artery. Central hemodynamics were assessed by impedance cardiography and systolic time intervals. Simple (r) and multiple (β) regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between PWV and hemodynamic parameters. Results Under resting conditions, PWV was correlated to age (β = 0.259, P = 0.0052), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.279, P = 0.0072) and left ventricular ejection time (β = –0.314, P = 0.0277). Under α2-adrenergic stimulation PWV was only correlated to diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = 0.806, P = 0.0020). Under β-adrenergic stimulation PWV was only correlated to left ventricular ejection time index (r = –0.52, P = 0.0325). Conclusions Left ventricular ejection time may be an important determinant of pulse wave velocity under resting and adrenergic conditions in young, healthy males. Further studies are needed to evaluate this relationship in other populations including females and patients with cardiovascular disease.
Complete Response of Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer Overexpressing HER‐2/neu to Radiation and Concurrent Lapatinib and Capecitabine

Abstract: Breast cancers that overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2) have a predilection to metastasize to the brain. Therapeutic options for brain metastases with systemic therapy remain a challenge in those patients since targeted and chemotherapeutic agents have limited penetration through the blood–brain barrier. Here we report the case of a patient with brain metastases from breast cancer overexpressing HER‐2 who achieved a complete radiologic response after treatment by radiation and concurrent Lapatinib and Capecitabine.
Wear Mechanism of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Under Dry Sliding Using Fuzzy Clustering Technique

Polymers and polymer composites are steadily gaining ground over metals in the field of engineering applications in tribology. In the present study, the friction and wear behavior of glass fiberreinforced epoxy composites against stainless steel under dry sliding conditions has been comparatively evaluated on a friction and wear tester at different sliding velocities ranging from 0.6 to 2.5 m/s and normal force of 9.81 to 19.62 N. Besides, conventional weighing, determination of coefficient of friction (µ), temperature, wear rate, and examination of the worn surface features were taken by scanning electron microscope. Fuzzy clustering technique has been used to plot the wear rate and wear transition map. The tribological behavior of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites, the wear mechanisms and its relation with a wear transition map are discussed in detail.
Identifying the genome-wide genetic variation between precocious trifoliate orange and its wild type and developing new markers for genetics research

To increase our understanding of the genes involved in flowering in citrus, we performed genome resequencing of an early flowering trifoliate orange mutant (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) and its wild type. At the genome level, 3,932,628 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 1,293,383 insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels), and 52,135 structural variations were identified between the mutant and its wild type based on the citrus reference genome. Based on integrative analysis of resequencing and transcriptome analysis, 233,998 SNPs and 75,836 InDels were also identified between the mutant and its wild type at the transcriptional level. Also, 272 citrus homologous flowering-time transcripts containing genetic variation were also identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes annotation revealed that the transcripts containing the mutant- and the wild-type-specific InDel were involved in diverse biological processes and molecular function. Among these transcripts, there were 131 transcripts that were expressed differently in the two genotypes. When 268 selected InDels were tested on 32 genotypes of the three genera of Rutaceae for the genetic diversity assessment, these InDel-based markers showed high transferability. This work provides important information that will allow a better understanding of the citrus genome and that will be helpful for dissecting the genetic basis of important traits in citrus.
Cell kinetics during regeneration in the sponge Halisarca caerulea: how local is the response to tissue damage?

Sponges have a remarkable capacity to rapidly regenerate in response to wound infliction. In addition, sponges rapidly renew their filter systems (choanocytes) to maintain a healthy population of cells. This study describes the cell kinetics of choanocytes in the encrusting reef sponge Halisarca caerulea during early regeneration (0–8 h) following experimental wound infliction. Subsequently, we investigated the spatial relationship between regeneration and cell proliferation over a six-day period directly adjacent to the wound, 1 cm, and 3 cm from the wound. Cell proliferation was determined by the incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). We demonstrate that during early regeneration, the growth fraction of the choanocytes (i.e., the percentage of proliferative cells) adjacent to the wound is reduced (7.0 ± 2.5%) compared to steady-state, undamaged tissue (46.6 ± 2.6%), while the length of the cell cycle remained short (5.6 ± 3.4 h). The percentage of proliferative choanocytes increased over time in all areas and after six days of regeneration choanocyte proliferation rates were comparable to steady-state tissue. Tissue areas farther from the wound had higher rates of choanocyte proliferation than areas closer to the wound, indicating that more resources are demanded from tissue in the immediate vicinity of the wound. There was no difference in the number of proliferative mesohyl cells in regenerative sponges compared to steady-state sponges. Our data suggest that the production of collagen-rich wound tissue is a key process in tissue regeneration for H. caerulea, and helps to rapidly occupy the bare substratum exposed by the wound. Regeneration and choanocyte renewal are competing and negatively correlated life-history traits, both essential to the survival of sponges. The efficient allocation of limited resources to these life-history traits has enabled the ecological success and diversification of sponges.
Large-scale Interactive Ontology Matching: Algorithms and Implementation

In this paper we present the ontology matching system LogMap 2, a much improved version of its predecessor LogMap. LogMap 2 supports user interaction during the matching process, which is essential for use cases requiring very accurate mappings. Interactivity, however, imposes very strict scalability requirements; we are able to satisfy these requirements by providing real-time user response even for large-scale ontologies. Finally, LogMap 2 implements scalable reasoning and diagnosis algorithms, which minimise any logical inconsistencies introduced by the matching process.
Distribution and clustering of Oesophagostomum bifurcum and hookworm infections in Northern Ghana

Human Oesophagostomum infections are locally common in northern Ghana. The present study describes the results of a cross-sectional survey involving 1011 subjects, selected by a compound-based random sampling method from 1227 compounds in 24 villages. Selected persons were examined by both Kato and coproculture methods. Hookworm-like eggs, representing ova of Oesophagostomum bifurcum and hookworm were detected in 87·5% of the Kato smears. The geometric mean egg count of the infected subjects was 1018. Upon coproculture, third-stage larvae of O. bifurcum and hookworm were detected in 53·0% and 86·9% of subjects respectively. Oesophagostomum infections were clustered but no clear explanation for aggregation of infections could be found as yet. Subjects infected with hookworm had a 5-fold higher risk of being infected with O. bifurcum. Infection rates in adult women were higher than in adult men. No association was found with family size, level of hygiene or with the presence of animals in the compounds. Representatives of the Bimoba-tribe were significantly more infected than those of the other tribes. It appears, however, that this tribal association is a geographical phenomenon: Bimoba are mostly living in villages with the highest infection rates.
Increased temperature variation poses a greater risk to species than climate warming

Increases in the frequency, severity and duration of temperature extremes are anticipated in the near future. Although recent work suggests that changes in temperature variation will have disproportionately greater effects on species than changes to the mean, much of climate change research in ecology has focused on the impacts of mean temperature change. Here, we couple fine-grained climate projections (2050–2059) to thermal performance data from 38 ectothermic invertebrate species and contrast projections with those of a simple model. We show that projections based on mean temperature change alone differ substantially from those incorporating changes to the variation, and to the mean and variation in concert. Although most species show increases in performance at greater mean temperatures, the effect of mean and variance change together yields a range of responses, with temperate species at greatest risk of performance declines. Our work highlights the importance of using fine-grained temporal data to incorporate the full extent of temperature variation when assessing and projecting performance.
Clinical Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostic Test Kit for Scrub Typhus with Improved Performance

Diagnosis of scrub typhus is challenging due to its more than twenty serotypes and the similar clinical symptoms with other acute febrile illnesses including leptospirosis, murine typhus and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Accuracy and rapidity of a diagnostic test to Orientia tsutsugamushi is an important step to diagnose this disease. To discriminate scrub typhus from other diseases, the improved ImmuneMed Scrub Typhus Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was evaluated in Korea and Sri Lanka. The sensitivity at the base of each IgM and IgG indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) in Korean patients was 98.6% and 97.1%, and the specificity was 98.2% and 97.7% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for retrospective diagnosis at the base of IFA in Sri Lanka was 92.1% and 96.1%. ImmuneMed RDT was not reactive to any serum from seventeen diseases including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (n = 48), leptospirosis (n = 23), and murine typhus (n = 48). ImmuneMed RDT shows superior sensitivity (98.6% and 97.1%) compared with SD Bioline RDT (84.4% at IgM and 83.3% at IgG) in Korea. The retrospective diagnosis of ImmuneMed RDT exhibits 94.0% identity with enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using South India patient serum samples. These results suggest that this RDT can replace other diagnostic tests and is applicable for global diagnosis of scrub typhus. This rapid and accurate diagnosis will be beneficial for diagnosing and managing scrub typhus.
Perinatal nursing education for single-room maternity care: an evaluation of a competency-based model.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the success of a competency-based nursing orientation programme for a single-room maternity care unit by measuring improvement in self-reported competency after six months. BACKGROUND Single-room maternity care has challenged obstetrical nurses to provide comprehensive nursing care during all phases of the in-hospital birth experience. In this model, nurses provide intrapartum, postpartum and newborn care in one room. To date, an evaluation of nursing education for single-room maternity care has not been published. DESIGN A prospective cohort design comparing self-reported competencies prior to starting work in the single-room maternity care and six months after. METHODS Nurses completed a competency-based education programme in which they could select from a menu of learning methods and content areas according to their individual needs. Learning methods included classroom lectures, self-paced learning packages, and preceptorships in the clinical area. Competencies were measured by a standardized perinatal self-efficacy tool and a tool developed by the authors for this study, the Single-Room Maternity Care Competency Tool. A paired analysis was undertaken to take into account the paired (before and after) nature of the design. RESULTS Scores on the perinatal self-efficacy scale and the single-room maternity care competency tool were improved. These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in perinatal and single-room maternity care-specific competencies suggest that our education programme was successful in preparing nurses for their new role in the single-room maternity care setting. This conclusion is supported by reported increases in nursing and patient satisfaction in the single-room maternity care compared with the traditional labour/delivery and postpartum settings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE An education programme tailored to the learning needs of experienced clinical nurses contributes to improvements in nursing competencies and patient care.
Explaining Environmental Kuznets Curves: How Pollution Induces Policy and New Technology

Production often causes pollution as a by-product.Once pollution problems become too severe, regulation is introduced by political authorities which forces the economy to make a transition to cleaner production processes.We model this transition as a change in "general purpose technology" (GPT) and investigate how it interferes with economic growth driven by quality-improvements.The model gives an explanation for the inverted U-shaped relationship found in empirical research for many pollutants, often referred to as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). We provide an analytical foundation for the claim that the rise and decline of pollution can be explained by policy-induced technology shifts. KKeywords: pollution; environmental policy; technological change; economic growth;
Content Sharing Dynamics in the Global File Hosting Landscape

We present a comprehensive longitudinal characterization study of the dynamics of content sharing in the global file hosting landscape. We leverage datasets collected from multiple vantage points that allow us to understand how usage of these services evolve over time and how traffic is directed into and out of these sites. We analyze the characteristics of hosted content in the public domain, and investigate the dissemination mechanisms of links. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest detailed characterization study of the file hosting landscape from a global viewpoint.
An Implicit Characterization of the Achievable Rate Region for Acyclic Multisource Multisink Network Coding

The achievable information rate region problem of multisource multisink network coding for general acyclic networks with arbitrary transmission requirements has previously been studied, where inner and outer bounds on the region were derived in terms of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Gamma^{\ast}$</tex> </formula>, the fundamental region of entropy functions. In this paper, we derive the exact characterization of the achievable rate region in terms of entropic functions, thus closing the gap between the existing inner and outer bounds.
Impact of Cognitive Impairment on Functional Outcome in Stroke

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the cognitive impairment on functional status in patients with subacute stroke. Fifty-two patients with subacute stroke were included in the study. Mini mental state examination (MMSE) test was used for the evaluation of cognitive status. Patients were separated into two groups according to their cognitive functions. Functional follow-up parameters were activities of daily living (ADL), global recovery and ambulation status. All patients were evaluated on admission to rehabilitation unit, at discharge and 6 months after discharge. Forty-four patients were completed the study. Mean age was 66 and 57 years; disease duration on admission was 4,8 and 3,5 months in the cognitively impaired and normal groups, respectively. Significant improvement was found in terms of functional follow-up parameters in both groups at discharge (P < .05). Functional follow-up parameters did not show statistically significant difference between the groups. But community ambulation rate was higher in cognitively normal group at the sixth month visit. As a result of this study, inpatient rehabilitation was effective both cognitively normal and impaired subacute stroke patients.
Voluntary Disclosure in Bilateral Transactions

We characterize optimal voluntary disclosures by a privately informed agent facing a counterparty endowed with market power in a bilateral transaction. Although disclosures reveal some of the agent's private information, they may increase his information rents by mitigating the counterparty's incentives to resort to inefficient screening. We show that when disclosures are restricted to be ex post verifiable, the informed agent optimally designs a disclosure plan that is partial and that implements socially efficient trade in equilibrium. Our results shed light on the conditions necessary for asymmetric information to impede trade and the determinants of disclosures' coarseness.
Is radioactive iodine- 131 treatment related to the occurrence of non-synchronous second primary malignancy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer?

Objective Much controversy relates to the risk of non-synchronous second primary malignancies (NSSPM) after radioactive iodine treatment (RAI-131) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. This study evaluated the relationship between RAI-131 and NSSPM in DTC survivors with long-term follow-up. Materials and methods Retrospective analysis of 413 DTC cases was performed; 252 received RAI-131 and 161 were treated with thyroidectomy alone. Exclusion criteria were: prior or synchronous non-thyroidal malignancies (within the first year), familial syndromes associated to multiple neoplasms, ionizing radiation exposure or second tumors with unknown histopathology. Results During a mean follow-up of 11.0 ± 7.5 years, 17 (4.1%) patients developed solid NSSPM. Patients with NSSPM were older than those without (p = 0.02). RAI-131 and I-131 cumulative activity were similar in patients with and without NSSPM (p = 0.18 and p = 0.78, respectively). Incidence of NSSPM was 5.2% in patients with RAI-131 treatment and 2.5% in those without RAI-131 (p = 0.18). Using multivariate analysis, RAI-131 was not significantly associated with NSSPM occurrence (p = 0.35); age was the only independent predictor (p = 0.04). Under log rank statistical analysis, after 10 years of follow-up, it was observed a tendency of lower NSSPM-free survival among patients that received RAI-131 treatment (0.96 vs. 0.87; p = 0.06), what was not affected by age at DTC diagnosis. Conclusion In our cohort of DTC survivors, with a long-term follow-up period, RAI-131 treatment and I-131 cumulative dose were not significantly associated with NSSPM occurrence. A tendency of premature NSSPM occurrence among patients treated with RAI-131 was observed, suggesting an anticipating oncogenic effect by interaction with other risk factors.