Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ozone and NO x chemistry in the eastern US: evaluation of CMAQ/CB05 with satellite (OMI) data

Abstract. Regulatory air quality models, such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ), are used by federal and state agencies to guide policy decisions that determine how to best achieve adherence with National Ambient Air Quality Standards for surface ozone. We use observations of ozone and its important precursor NO2 to test the representation of the photochemistry and emission of ozone precursors within CMAQ. Observations of tropospheric column NO2 from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), retrieved by two independent groups, show that the model overestimates urban NO2 and underestimates rural NO2 under all conditions examined for July and August 2011 in the US Northeast. The overestimate of the urban to rural ratio of tropospheric column NO2 for this baseline run of CMAQ (CB05 mechanism, mobile NOx emissions from the National Emissions Inventory; isoprene emissions from MEGAN v2.04) suggests this model may underestimate the importance of interstate transport of NOx. This CMAQ simulation leads to a considerable overestimate of the 2-month average of 8 h daily maximum surface ozone in the US Northeast, as well as an overestimate of 8 h ozone at AQS sites during days when the state of Maryland experienced NAAQS exceedances. We have implemented three changes within CMAQ motivated by OMI NO2 as well as aircraft observations obtained in July 2011 during the NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign: (a) the modeled lifetime of organic nitrates within CB05 has been reduced by a factor of 10, (b) emissions of NOx from mobile sources has been reduced by a factor of 2, and (c) isoprene emissions have been reduced by using MEGAN v2.10 rather than v2.04. Compared to the baseline simulation, the CMAQ run using all three of these changes leads to considerably better simulation of column NO2 in both urban and rural areas, better agreement with the 2-month average of daily 8 h maximum ozone in the US Northeast, fewer number of false positives of an ozone exceedance throughout the domain, as well as an unbiased simulation of surface ozone at ground-based AQS sites in Maryland that experienced an ozone exceedance during July and August 2007. These modifications to CMAQ may provide a framework for use in studies focused on achieving future adherence to specific air quality standards for surface ozone by reducing emission of NOx from various anthropogenic sectors.
Differences in Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of Nasal Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA-MRSA) in Children from a University Hospital and Day Care Centers

Background Clinical significance of Staphylococcus aureus colonization has been demonstrated in hospital settings; however, studies in the community have shown contrasting results regarding the relevance of colonization in infection by community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). In Colombia there are few studies on S. aureus colonization. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of nasal colonization by S. aureus (MSSA-MRSA) in children from a university hospital and day care centers (DCCs) of Medellin, Colombia. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 400 children (200 in each setting), aged 0 months to 5 years, during 2011. Samples were collected from each nostril and epidemiological information was obtained from the parents. Genotypic analysis included spa typing, PFGE, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of genes for virulence factors and agr groups. Results Frequency of S. aureus colonization was 39.8% (n = 159) (hospital 44.5% and DCCs 35.0%) and by MRSA, 5.3% (n = 21) (hospital 7.0% and DCCs 3.5%). Most S. aureus colonized children were older than two years (p = 0.005), the majority of them boys (59.1%), shared a bedroom with a large number of people (p = 0.028), with history of β-Lactamase inhibitors usage (p = 0.020). MSSA strains presented the greatest genotypic diversity with 15 clonal complexes (CC). MRSA isolates presented 6 CC, most of them (47.6%) belonged to CC8-SCCmec IVc and were genetically related to previously reported infectious MRSA strains. Conclusion Differences in epidemiological and molecular characteristics between populations may be useful for the understanding of S. aureus nasal colonization dynamics and for the design of strategies to prevent S. aureus infection and dissemination. The finding of colonizing MRSA with similar molecular characteristics of those causing infection demonstrates the dissemination capacity of S. aureus and the risk of infection among the child population.
Long-Term Use of Motion-Based Video Games in Care Home Settings

Recent research suggests that motion-based video games have the potential to provide both mental and physical stimulation for older adults in residential care. However, little research has explored the practical challenges and opportunities that arise from integrating these games within existing schedules of activities in these contexts. In our work, we report on a qualitative enquiry that was conducted over a three month period at two long-term care facilities. Findings suggest that older adults enjoyed playing video games, and that games can be a valuable means of re-introducing challenge in late life, but that the impact of age-related changes and impairment can influence people's ability to engage with games in a group setting. We outline core challenges in the design for care context and discuss implications of our work regarding the suitability of games as a self-directed leisure activity.
Action research for educational change

Part 1 Action research and professional learning: teachers as researchers - an historical and biographical context supporting professional learning through action research - three case studies. Part 2 Action research - dilemmas and innovation: the theory/practice problem the fundamental characteristics of action research the dilemmas and temptations of the reflective practitioner a practical guide to action research. Part 3 Action research in policy contexts: action research and the emergence of teacher appraisal in the UK competency based training and the education of the professions - is a happy marriage possible ? the national curriculum and models of curriculum development.
Two‐Dimensional Characterization of Paired Helical Filament‐Tau from Alzheimer's Disease: Demonstration of an Additional 74‐kDa Component and Age‐Related Biochemical Modifications

Abstract: PHF‐tau proteins are the major components of the paired helical filament (PHF) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurofibrillary lesions. They differ both qualitatively and quantitatively in their degree of phosphorylation when compared with native tau proteins. However, little is known about the extent and heterogeneity of phosphorylated sites or the isoform composition and the isoelectric variants of PHF‐tau. Therefore, we have characterized PHF‐tau proteins from cortical brain tissue homogenates of 13 AD patients using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Whatever the topographical origin of brain tissue homogenates, PHF‐tau proteins shared the same two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis profile made of a tau triplet of 55, 64, and 69 kDa. A 74‐kDa hyperphosphorylated tau component was detected particularly in the youngest and most severely affected AD patients. This additional component of hyperphosphorylated tau was shown to correspond to the longest brain tau isoform. Furthermore, the isoelectric points of PHF‐tau from older AD patients were significantly more basic, indicating a lower degree of phosphorylation. These results show that the severity of neurofibrillary degeneration of AD is modulated by age.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU DALAM PENANGANAN DEMAM PADA ANAK DI PUSKESMAS I KEMBARAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

Fever in children is a condition that often cause anxiety, stress, and phobia for parents. Knowledge of parents about fever must be well controlled by parents, especially mothers. Handling fever is less appropriate can be due to inadequate knowledge so that attitudes and behavior of mothers tend to be excessive. Factors that affect knowledge include education, employment, age, experience, information, and socioeconomic / income. The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to maternal knowledge level in handling fever in children at Community Health Center of Kembaran I of Banyumas in 2018. Methods in this research is corelational analytical research with cross sectional approach. Data collection techniques used primary data obtained from respondents through questionnaires. The sampling technique used incidental sampling with a sample of 60 mothers in Community Health Center of Kembaran I of Banyumas. The result of research showed that there was no correlation between education factor, work, age, and income with mother's knowledge level in fever handling in child, and it was known that there was relationship between experience and information factor with mother's knowledge level in fever handling in child. Keywords: Factors, level of knowledge, handling fever
The tracking control for a kind of hybrid systems based on the double regulation control mechanism

We consider the problem of tracking control for a kind of hybrid systems this paper. Because the dynamical behavior of the hybrid system is usually determined by switch-like functions, inspired by the concept of mean-value in probability theory, we introduce the mean function for the hybrid system, and we translate the hybrid system into an uncertain system. Therefore, we can employ the double regulation control mechanisms (DRCM), and try to find a systematic method for the tracking control of hybrid systems. Based on DRCM, without using any observer or estimator, we can reject uncertainties and carry out the regulation of uncertain systems effectively. In order to meet the needs for the tracking of non-smooth signals, the method of tracking-differentiators (TD) is used which can make the tracking for non-smooth signals efficiently. The stability problem for the relevant control systems is considered, and the conditions on the stability are provided. Finally, some simulation results on the tracking control for a special hybrid system (self-interactive system) are provided to indicate the effectiveness of the method.
ENERGY QUANTIZATION FOR YAMABE'S PROBLEM IN CONFORMAL DIMENSION

Riviere (11) proved an energy quantization for Yang-Mills fields defined on n-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, when n is larger than the critical dimension 4. More precisely, he proved that the defect measure of a weakly converging sequence of Yang-Mills fields is quantized, provided the W 2,1 norm of their curvature is uniformly bounded. In the present paper, we prove a similar quantization phenomenon for the nonlinear elliptic equation u = u|u| 4/(n 2) , in a subset of Rn.
Morphological analysis in sentence processing: An ERP study

We examined the effects of syntactic (tense) violations occurring on regularly versus irregularly inflected verbs using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Participants read sentences in which the main verb varied in terms of regularity (regular vs. irregular), frequency (high vs. low), and grammaticality (tense violation vs. no tense violation). For regular verbs, we found a reliable N400 effect for verb frequency and a reliable P600 effect for grammaticality, with no interaction between lexical frequency and grammaticality. For irregular verbs, we found interactions between lexical frequency and grammaticality, with tense violations on high-frequency forms (*will stood) eliciting a much earlier P600 response than tense violations on low-frequency forms (*will knelt). We discuss the implications of these results with respect to morphological parsing, the time course of syntactic feature analysis, and their consequent effects on temporal properties of ERP components.
Causal ambiguity of technological competencies, human resource practices and competitive advantage

Traditionally, it has been recognised that causal ambiguity of technology, by making it difficult for competitors to identify the technological competencies on which a particular firm bases its competitive advantage, represents an effective protection mechanism helping the firm to obtain superior performance. Recently, researchers have unearthed evidence that the effects of causal ambiguity also could be extended to the interior of the firm itself, hampering the diffusion of its own technological capabilities among its managers. In this case, the existence of causal ambiguity will have a negative impact on firm performance. The first aim of this article is to analyse both perspectives with the last end of establishing the net influence that causal ambiguity exerts on firm performance. The second one, to study how the high involvement human resources practices can help to solve this debate. With this in mind, a set of hypothesis is proposed and they will contrast using a sample of 258 Spanish manufacturing firms.
Influence of Network Structure on Glass Transition Temperature of Elastomers

It is generally believed that only intermolecular, elastically-effective crosslinks influence elastomer properties. The role of the intramolecular modifications of the polymer chains is marginalized. The aim of our study was the characterization of the structural parameters of cured elastomers, and determination of their influence on the behavior of the polymer network. For this purpose, styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR), cured with various curatives, such as DCP, TMTD, TBzTD, Vulcuren®, DPG/S8, CBS/S8, MBTS/S8 and ZDT/S8, were investigated. In every series of samples a broad range of crosslink density was obtained, in addition to diverse crosslink structures, as determined by equilibrium swelling and thiol-amine analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to study the glass transition process, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) to investigate the size of the free volumes. For all samples, the values of the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased with a rise in crosslink density. At the same time, the free volume size proportionally decreased. The changes in Tg and free volume size show significant differences between the series crosslinked with various curatives. These variations are explained on the basis of the curatives’ structure effect. Furthermore, basic structure-property relationships are provided. They enable the prediction of the effect of curatives on the structural parameters of the network, and some of the resulting properties. It is proved that the applied techniques—DSC, DMA, and PALS—can serve to provide information about the modifications to the polymer chains. Moreover, on the basis of the obtained results and considering the diversified curatives available nowadays, the usability of “part per hundred rubber” (phr) unit is questioned.
Improved Sentence Alignment for Movie Subtitles

Sentence alignment is an essential step in building a parallel corpus. In this paper a specialized approach for the alignment of movie subtitles based on time overlaps is introduced. It is used for creating an extensive multilingual parallel subtitle corpus currently containing about 21 million aligned sentence fragments in 29 languages. Our alignment approach yields significantly higher accuracies compared to standard length-based approaches on this data. Furthermore, we can show that simple heuristics for subtitle synchronization can be used to improve the alignment accuracy even further.
Competing for consumer memory in television advertising

The purpose of this study is to examine how brand recall and recognition are affected by non-editorial clutter in mega-event broadcasting. Using longitudinal data collected during four years of Super Bowl broadcasts, this study investigates the effects of three different types of television clutter (other ads, on-air promos and TV billboards) and their composite effects on brand memory. The results show that increases in numbers and lengths of other ads and on-air promos negatively affect brand recall and recognition. However, such effect was not found with TV billboards. Theoretical and marketing implications are discussed.
Intestinal microbiota, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in chronic HIV infection.

BACKGROUND Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), patients with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have increased microbial translocation and systemic inflammation. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota may play a role in microbial translocation and inflammation. METHODS We profiled the fecal microbiota by pyrosequencing the gene encoding 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and measured markers of microbial translocation and systemic inflammation in 21 patients who had chronic HIV infection and were receiving suppressive ART (cases) and 16 HIV-uninfected controls. RESULTS The fecal microbial community composition was significantly different between cases and controls. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichi, Erysipelotrichales, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Barnesiella was significantly enriched in cases, whereas that of Rikenellaceae and Alistipes was depleted. The plasma soluble CD14 level (sCD14) was significantly higher and the endotoxin core immunoglobulin M (IgM) level lower in cases, compared with controls. There were significant positive correlations between the relative abundances of Enterobacteriales and Enterobacteriaceae and the sCD14 level; the relative abundances of Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, and Enterobacteriaceae and the interleukin 1β (IL-1β) level; the relative abundances of Enterobacteriales and Enterobacteriaceae and the interferon γ level; and the relative abundances of Erysipelotrichi and Barnesiella and the TNF-α level. There were negative correlations between endotoxin core IgM and IL-1β levels. CONCLUSIONS Patients who have chronic HIV infection and are receiving suppressive ART display intestinal dysbiosis associated with increased microbial translocation and significant associations between specific taxa and markers of microbial translocation and systemic inflammation. This was an exploratory study, the findings of which need to be confirmed.
Examining User Engagement Attributes in Visual Information Search

This study performs an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine user engagement scale (UES) in the setting of daily life visual information search (i.e. searching images and/or videos using Web-based information systems). Principal Components Factor Analysis was employed to examine the six sub-scales of user engagement while searching images and/or videos on Web-based systems. Results indicated that the most stable sub-scale is Aesthetics (AE), while Endurability (EN) retained four of five items, Focused Attention (FA) retained four of seven items, Perceived Usability (PUs) retained three of eight items and Novelty (NO) retained one of three items. The remaining items from EN, FA, Pus, NO and two of three Felt Involvement (FI) items shifted onto different factors, and one NO item and one FI item merged with one FA item to form one new Factor. A number of 519 college student users responded to an online administered questionnaire in two months duration. The findings showed that more than 65% of the users used Google and 31.8% of them chose YouTube to search visual information. Social media and special sites were also used for their daily life visual information search.
DETECTABILITY OF THE EFFECT OF INFLATIONARY NON-GAUSSIANITY ON HALO BIAS

We consider the description of the clustering of halos for physically motivated types of non-Gaussian initial conditions. In particular, we include non-Gaussianity of the type arising from single-field slow roll, multifields, curvaton (local type), higher-order derivative type (equilateral), vacuum-state modifications (enfolded type), and horizon-scale GR corrections type. We show that large-scale halo bias is a very sensitive tool for probing non-Gaussianity, potentially leading, for some planned surveys, to a detection of non-Gaussianity arising from horizon-scale GR corrections. In tandem with cosmic microwave background constraints, the halo bias approach can help enormously to discriminate among different shapes of non-Gaussianity and thus among models for the origin of cosmological perturbations.
Option pricing under regime switching

Abstract This paper develops a family of option pricing models when the underlying stock price dynamic is modelled by a regime switching process in which prices remain in one volatility regime for a random amount of time before switching over into a new regime. Our family includes the regime switching models of Hamilton (Hamilton J 1989 Econometrica 57 357–84), in which volatility influences returns. In addition, our models allow for feedback effects from returns to volatilities. Our family also includes GARCH option models as a special limiting case. Our models are more general than GARCH models in that our variance updating schemes do not only depend on levels of volatility and asset innovations, but also allow for a second factor that is orthogonal to asset innovations. The underlying processes in our family capture the asymmetric response of volatility to good and bad news and thus permit negative (or positive) correlation between returns and volatility. We provide the theory for pricing options under such processes, present an analytical solution for the special case where returns provide no feedback to volatility levels, and develop an efficient algorithm for the computation of American option prices for the general case.
21 Neurogenesis and Hippocampal Memory System

When discussing a brain function such as memory, one should relate it to brain plasticity. One definition of plasticity is an alternative way of performing the same function. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the human brain can perform amazing memory feats in unexpected, alternative ways. For example, the established ability of savants (individuals with partial brain damage) to memorize events, sequences of numbers, letters, or musical notes, and to perform arithmetical calculations, suggests that compensatory rewiring of brain circuits after injury can affect learning. Which particular form of brain plasticity could be responsible for such astounding learning abilities as those seen in Kim Peek (“Rain Man”) and Daniel Tammet (“Brainman”), two individuals diagnosed as autistic savants (www.savantsyndrome.com)? In this chapter, we describe a radical form of plasticity, adult neurogenesis, in hippocampal formation (HF). The discovery of adult neurogenesis (production of new neurons in adult brain) has radically changed our ideas of how the brain can adapt to physiological and environmental challenges. The process of neuronal production is highly regulated and is involved in hippocampal functions under physiological conditions. In some cases, neurogenesis can respond to hippocampus-related pathologies such as epilepsy, ischemia, mood disorders, and addiction. Understanding neurogenesis, along with other forms of brain plasticity, may help us to understand normal memory and perhaps the enhanced memory such as that seen in individuals with the Savant Syndrome (Treffert and Christensen 2005). LESIONS OF THE NEUROGENIC REGION The HF is part of an integrated network involved in learning and memory (Eichenbaum 2000, 2001;.