Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression in medical students.

To the Editor. — We have a problem with the report by Drs Clark and Zeldow 1 on the frequency and importance of depressed mood among medical students. What is depression? What is self-esteem? To clarify these constructs, specific measures are needed that unfortunately do not exist. Although we do not routinely use their measure of depressed mood (the Beck Depression Inventory), in the one study 2 (n = 140) where we did use it, we found that it was highly correlated with a measure of self-esteem ( r =.77). Furthermore, when items from both measures were combined and factor analyzed, the single dimension that emerged included six items from self-esteem and seven from the Beck Depression Inventory. There-fore, the Beck Depression Inventory results do not distinguish between depressed mood and self-esteem. But terminology is not the point of this letter. The model of medical students' self-concept that we have developed and use
Dermatology consultations in a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective study of 243 cases.

BACKGROUND The practice of dermatology remains mainly outpatient, although dermatologic consultations often have a large impact on inpatient care. OBJECTIVE To analyze the reasons for dermatologic consultation and the impact of dermatologic evaluation at a major teaching hospital. METHODS Retrospective chart review of 243 consecutive dermatologic consultations from primary ward teams between July 2012, and August 2013. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of the dermatologic consults were requested by the internal medicine, intensive care units, and hematology/oncology departments. Common skin conditions accounted for a large majority of consultations including: infectious (24.0%), drug-related (22.3%), and inflammatory skin conditions (21.0%). Most consultations required only one visit for resolution (60.9%). The primary team submitted a correct dermatologic diagnosis in 48.9% of cases. Dermatology consultation resulted in a change in or addition to treatment in 72.4% of patients. LIMITATIONS Our analysis was limited by the data capture of the consulting physicians and the reliability of the patient historian. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that common dermatoses account for a majority of dermatologic consultations. Modern ward teams continue to struggle with promptly recognizing and appropriately managing common skin conditions. Further training of ward physicians on common dermatologic conditions will improve recognition and treatment of skin conditions in hospitalized patients.
Using Simulation and Patient Role Play to Teach Electrocardiographic Rhythms to Physical Therapy Students

Purpose: The aims of the study were to differentiate: (1) physical therapy (PT) students' preferred method for learning electrocardiographic (ECG) recognition utilizing standardized patient (SP) and human patient simulation (HPS) approaches, (2) the impact of HPS or SP on confidence in interpreting ECG, and 3) the effect of HPS or SP on students' ability to make clinical decisions based upon ECG interpretation. Methods: “Three educational methods were employed to teach ECG recognition to two different years of novice PT students enrolled in a cardiopulmonary physical therapy class. First, all students had a traditional lecture on ECG. Following the lecture, two problem‐based learning (PBL) approaches were utilized. One approach used a SP and paper ECG strips, and the second approach utilized HPS with simulated ECG monitoring. ”1 Following the two PBL approaches, a post instructional survey regarding the learning experiences was conducted. Following instruction, each cohort (n=24, n=29) of PT students was given a mixed methods survey about their experience. Results: Survey return rate amongst both cohorts was 77%. Independent sample of individual cohort and paired t‐tests of combined data comparing HPS to SP revealed a strong preference for HPS (p=0.003 (2008 cohort) and p=0.0001 (2010 cohort)) and combined cohort (p=0.0001). There were no significant differences in responses between cohorts or preference between the HPS method and the use of SP and HPS combined. Additionally, 75% of respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that they felt confident with their skill in ECG interpretation as presented with HPS or SP. 90% either strongly agreed or agreed that they understood how the ECG relates to patient treatment. Summative assessment utilizing HPS revealed that students were competent in their performance in ECG recognition and clinical decision making related to patient treatment.1 Conclusion: Data support that HPS was the preferred method to improve student confidence in ECG recognition and interpretation.
Understanding the role of the episodic buffer of Working Memory in inferential reading comprehension in L1 and L2 readers under varying conditions of cognitive load and domain knowledge

In recent years, Baddeley (2010) has added a new component, the episodic buffer, to his Working Memory (WM) model. The episodic buffer binds information from long-term memory (LTM) to the central executive but has been researched very little, especially with respect to its use with a second language. In fact, Juffs and Harrington (2011) stated, “To date there has been no research on the possible role of the episodic buffer in L2 learning and use” (p. 140). One goal of this study was to do just that. Domain knowledge (DK) in baseball (Experiment 1) and English proficiency levels (Experiment 2) were used as proxies for difficulty level to study how inference processing under different conditions of domain knowledge and cognitive load in native (L1) and non-native (L2) English readers contribute to understanding the episodic buffer. In Experiment 1, 67 participants varying in domain knowledge about baseball read stories related to baseball with or without a concurrent cognitive load task of responding to tones while reading; they then answered comprehension questions of varying degrees of inferential difficulty. In Experiment 2, three groups varying in English reading proficiency, split into groups based on their lexical decision task scores (72 native, 40 intermediate, 40 beginner readers) read general stories with or without cognitive load and answered comprehension questions requiring varying degrees of inferential difficulty. Accuracy and Reaction Time (RT) were differentially affected by working memory (OSpan), cognitive load, and inferential complexity. In Experiment 1, greater DK explained variance in effectiveness (accuracy) and efficiency (RT) as inferential complexity increased. In Experiment 2 OSpan was needed even at lower levels of inferential complexity for beginning readers. Surprisingly, for both experiments, participants responded faster under cognitive load conditions, although not at the expense of accuracy. This suggests that the episodic buffer is important for different levels of DK and proficiency, especially as the task becomes more difficult. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE EPISODIC BUFFER OF WORKING MEMORY IN INFERENTIAL READING COMPREHENSION IN L1 AND L2 READERS UNDER VARYING CONDITIONS OF COGNITIVE LOAD AND DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE
Feasibility of the Atlas Unicompartmental Knee System Load Absorber in Improving Pain Relief and Function in Patients Needing Unloading of the Medial Compartment of the Knee: 1-Year Follow-Up of a Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Pilot Study (PHANTOM High Flex Trial)

In young patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA), surgical intervention may not be desirable due to preferences to avoid bone cutting procedures, return to high activity levels, and prolong implant survival. The Atlas Knee System was designed to fill the gap between ineffective conservative treatments and invasive surgery. This single-arm study included 26 patients, aged 25 to 65 years, who completed 12 months of follow-up. All dimensions of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Knee Society Score significantly improved from baseline to 12 months. About 96.2% and 92.3% of patients experienced a ⩾20% improvement in their KOOS pain and WOMAC pain scores, respectively, at 12 months. This study highlights the potential benefit of a joint unloading device in the management of young patients with medial knee OA. The trial is still ongoing and another analysis is planned at 24 months.
Networks of Encouragement: Who’s Encouraging Latina/o Students and White Students to Enroll in Honors and Advanced-Placement (AP) Courses?

ABSTRACT Using affiliation network data collected at a large high school, this study examined differences between who encourages Latina/o and White students to enroll in advanced courses. Previous research has shown a positive association between emotional support and academic achievement, and thus, this study shifts the focus from who informs students to who encourages them. This study revealed that on average, Latina/o and White students have different networks of encouragement.
Understanding genetic variation in in vivo tolerance to artesunate: implications for treatment efficacy and resistance monitoring

Artemisinin‐based drugs are the front‐line weapon in the treatment of human malaria cases, but there is concern that recent reports of slow clearing infections may signal developing resistance to treatment. In the absence of molecular markers for resistance, current efforts to monitor drug efficacy are based on the rate at which parasites are cleared from infections. However, some knowledge of the standing variation in parasite susceptibility is needed to identify a meaningful increase in infection half‐life. Here, we show that five previously unexposed genotypes of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi differ substantially in their in vivo response to treatment. Slower clearance rates were not linked to parasite virulence or growth rate, going against the suggestion that drug treatment will drive the evolution of virulence in this system. The level of variation observed here in a relatively small number of genotypes suggests existing ‘resistant’ parasites could be present in the population and therefore, increased parasite clearance rates could represent selection on pre‐existing variation rather than de novo resistance events. This has implications for resistance monitoring as susceptibility may depend on evolved traits unrelated to drug exposure.
VEGF as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer

Tumors require nutrients and oxygen in order to grow, and new blood vessels, formed by the process of angiogenesis, provide these substrates. The key mediator of angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is induced by many characteristics of tumors, most importantly hypoxia. Therefore, VEGF is an appealing target for anticancer therapeutics. In addition, VEGF is easy to access as it circulates in the blood and acts directly on endothelial cells. VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is rare in adult humans (except wound healing and female reproductive cycling), and so targeting the molecule should not affect other physiological processes. Tumor blood vessels, formed under the influence of VEGF, are disorganized, tortuous and leaky with high interstitial pressure, reducing access for chemotherapies. Inhibiting VEGF would reduce the vessel abnormality and increase the permeability of the tumor to chemotherapies. Several approaches to targeting VEGF have been investigated. The most common strategies have been receptor-targeted molecules and VEGF-targeting molecules. The disadvantage of receptor-targeted approaches is that the VEGF receptors also bind different members of the VEGF super-family and affect systems other than angiogenesis. The best-studied and most advanced approach to VEGF inhibition is the humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (Avastin®), which is the only anti-angiogenic agent approved for treatment of cancer.
Reliability analysis of SnPb and SnAgCu solder joints in FC-BGA packages with thermal enabling preload

Modern semiconductor devices in many applications require a thermal solution to remove the heat away from the device and maintain a certain operating temperature. These thermal solutions typically use a heat sink and a thermal interface material (e.g. thermal grease) between the device and the heat sink. A compressive load is applied to reduce the thermal resistance of the interface and facilitate better heat transfer from the device to heat sink. Depending on the magnitude, this compressive preload may affect the fatigue behavior of second level solder joints connecting the device to PCB in a thermal cycling environment. This paper describes the experimental setup and test results to evaluate the reliability of solder joints in the presence of a preload. 3-D nonlinear finite element analysis is performed to simulate the effect of compressive load in thermal cycling. Both SnPb and SnAgCu solder alloys are studied with various levels of preload
How (Not) to Raise Money

We show that standard winner‐pay auctions are inept fund‐raising mechanisms because of the positive externality bidders forgo if they top another’s high bid. Revenues are suppressed as a result and remain finite even when bidders value a dollar donated the same as a dollar kept. This problem does not occur in lotteries and all‐pay auctions, where bidders pay irrespective of whether they win. We introduce a general class of all‐pay auctions, rank their revenues, and illustrate how they dominate lotteries and winner‐pay formats. The optimal fund‐raising mechanism is an all‐pay auction augmented with an entry fee and reserve price.
Interpersonal Foundations of Psychopathology

Introduction to the Interpersonal Approach The Interpersonal Motive as an Explanatory Construct Attachment and the Stress of Separation Communion and Agency in Interpersonal Interactions The Self-Image and Interpersonal Processes The Dependent and Avoidant Personality Disorders The Obsessive-Compulsive and Paranoid Personality Disorders Syndromes and Axis I Disorders: Depressive and Panic Disorders Difficulty Regulating Impulses, Thoughts, and Behavior: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Eating Disorders Diffuse Identity and Lack of Long-Term Direction: The Histrionic Personality Disorder and Other Related Disorders Split Identity and Instability: Borderline Personality Disorder and Related Conditions Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Summary and Conclusions
Dual Midfacial Distraction Osteogenesis: Le Fort III Minus I and Le Fort I for Syndromic Craniosynostosis

&NA; Midfacial hypoplasia has been corrected by Le Fort III or monobloc forward advancement in one stage in syndromic craniosynostosis, but recently developed distraction osteogenesis has been in use. Whereas the amount of forward mobilization in Le Fort III conventional osteotomy is determined by the preplanned fabricated interdental splint, that in Le Fort III distraction is determined by the positions of the inferior orbital rim, malar complex. and nose. Therefore, the forward mobilization of the upper part of the midface may sometimes be insufficient when one focuses on the final occlusion, and the occlusion might not be satisfied when the forward mobilization is sufficient. Correction of the midfacial hypoplasia should be considered differently in the upper and lower portions of the midface. The upper portion contains the inferior orbit and nose, and the lower portion contains the occlusal structure of the maxillary dentoalveolar portion with the mandible. Separating the midface into two portions and conducting the distraction osteogenesis in both portions separately in different amounts and vectors of distraction is described in this article. Although distraction of the upper portion of the midface can be conducted in one direction with an internal device, distraction of the lower portion of the midface is preferred for conduction by a controllable device because of the need to obtain the preferred occlusion. To obtain better functional and aesthetic results in midfacial distraction in adults and adolescents with syndromic craniosynostosis, dual Le Fort III minus I and Le Fort I midfacial distraction osteogenesis was performed in four cases (in two patients with Crouzon syndrome and in two patients with Apert syndrome). Two females and two males are described (age range, 13 to 26 years). An internal device was used for the upper portion of the midface and an external device was used for the lower portion. The amount of distraction ranged from 14 to 21 mm in the upper portion of the midface and from 11 to 18 mm in the lower portion. No particular complications were noticed over a follow‐up period of 10 to 38 months (average follow‐up, 19.8 months).
A Methodological Study of the Torrance Tests of Creativity: Can Creativity Be Faked? Measurement and Statistics.

The sensitivity of creative thinking as measured by the Torrance Tests with regard to an experimenter-induced response set was investigated. The 198 subjects were divided into four groups. Before performing the Unusual Uses Activity (Verbal Form A), each group was given a unique set of instructions. Group I received standard instructions and acted as a control. Other treatments were varied in terms of the types of responses that were encouraged. Group II was encouraged to be “practical and reasonable”; Group III was encouraged to list “as many ideas” as possible; and Group IV was encouraged to include all “unusual, weird, or illogical” ideas. Discriminant analysis yeilded two significant functions, suggesting that univariate analysis of the Torrance scales of Fluency. Flexibility, and Originality can be misleading. A multivariate Dunnett test showed that Torrance Tests were highly sensitive to brief experimenter manipulation. A very modest induced attitude shift resulted in a shift of up to approximately a standard deviation in the creativity scores.
Experimental Verification of Time-Dependent Accumulation Predictions in Congested Traffic

With experimental traffic data from a 4-mi (6.44-km) long congested road, it is shown that traffic delays and vehicle accumulations between any two generic observers located inside the road section can be predicted quite accurately from the traffic counts measured at the extremes of the section. Predictions can be made with a streamlined version of the kinematic wave theory that does not rely on ambiguous traffic stream characteristics such as density. The predictions were found not to require recalibration on the day of the experiment and to work well despite what appeared to be location-specific driver behavior.
Learning an interactive segmentation system

Many successful applications of computer vision to image or video manipulation are interactive by nature. However, parameters of such systems are often trained neglecting the user. Traditionally, interactive systems have been treated in the same manner as their fully automatic counterparts. Their performance is evaluated by computing the accuracy of their solutions under some fixed set of user interactions. This paper proposes a new evaluation and learning method which brings the user in the loop. It is based on the use of an active robot user -- a simulated model of a human user. We show how this approach can be used to evaluate and learn parameters of state-of-the-art interactive segmentation systems. We also show how simulated user models can be integrated into the popular max-margin method for parameter learning and propose an algorithm to solve the resulting optimisation problem.
Complex activities of the human Bloom's syndrome helicase are encoded in a core region comprising the RecA and Zn-binding domains

Bloom's syndrome DNA helicase (BLM), a member of the RecQ family, is a key player in homologous recombination (HR)-based error-free DNA repair processes. During HR, BLM exerts various biochemical activities including single-stranded (ss) DNA translocation, separation and annealing of complementary DNA strands, disruption of complex DNA structures (e.g. displacement loops) and contributes to quality control of HR via clearance of Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments. We performed a quantitative mechanistic analysis of truncated BLM constructs that are shorter than the previously identified minimal functional module. Surprisingly, we found that a BLM construct comprising only the two conserved RecA domains and the Zn2+-binding domain (residues 642–1077) can efficiently perform all mentioned HR-related activities. The results demonstrate that the Zn2+-binding domain is necessary for functional interaction with DNA. We show that the extensions of this core, including the winged-helix domain and the strand separation hairpin identified therein in other RecQ-family helicases, are not required for mechanochemical activity per se and may instead play modulatory roles and mediate protein–protein interactions.
Rational design and validation of a vanilloid-sensitive TRPV2 ion channel

Significance Understanding how small molecules regulate activities of ion channels, which form the second largest family of drug targets, is important for both basic and translational research. By learning from how capsaicin activates TRPV1, we have introduced high-affinity binding of both capsaicin and resiniferatoxin to TRPV2 with only four point mutations. This successful outcome not only validated the working model for capsaicin–TRPV1 interactions but also suggested that vanilloids such as resiniferatoxin use a similar structural mechanism. Our findings further revealed previously unrecognized structural requirements for capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activation, which will guide future efforts to design drug candidates targeting this important pain sensor. In addition, the modified TRPV2–resiniferatoxin pair has the potential to be further engineered as a tool for chemogenetic studies. Vanilloids activation of TRPV1 represents an excellent model system of ligand-gated ion channels. Recent studies using cryo-electron microcopy (cryo-EM), computational analysis, and functional quantification revealed the location of capsaicin-binding site and critical residues mediating ligand-binding and channel activation. Based on these new findings, here we have successfully introduced high-affinity binding of capsaicin and resiniferatoxin to the vanilloid-insensitive TRPV2 channel, using a rationally designed minimal set of four point mutations (F467S–S498F–L505T–Q525E, termed TRPV2_Quad). We found that binding of resiniferatoxin activates TRPV2_Quad but the ligand-induced open state is relatively unstable, whereas binding of capsaicin to TRPV2_Quad antagonizes resiniferatoxin-induced activation likely through competition for the same binding sites. Using Rosetta-based molecular docking, we observed a common structural mechanism underlying vanilloids activation of TRPV1 and TRPV2_Quad, where the ligand serves as molecular “glue” that bridges the S4–S5 linker to the S1–S4 domain to open these channels. Our analysis revealed that capsaicin failed to activate TRPV2_Quad likely due to structural constraints preventing such bridge formation. These results not only validate our current working model for capsaicin activation of TRPV1 but also should help guide the design of drug candidate compounds for this important pain sensor.