Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methodological Considerations on the Use of Template Matching to Study Long-Lasting Memory Trace Replay

Replay of behaviorally induced neural activity patterns during subsequent sleep has been suggested to play an important role in memory consolidation. Many previous studies, mostly involving familiar experiences, suggest that such reactivation occurs, but decays quickly (∼1 h). Recently, however, long-lasting (up to ∼48 h) “reverberation” of neural activity patterns induced by a novel experience was reported on the basis of a template-matching analysis. Because detection and quantification of memory-trace replay depends critically on analysis methods, we investigated the statistical properties of the template-matching method and analyzed rodent neural ensemble activity patterns after a novel experience. For comparison, we also analyzed the same data with an independent analysis technique, the explained variance method. Contrary to the recent report, we did not observe significant long-lasting reverberation using either the template matching or the explained variance approaches. The latter, however, did reveal short-lasting reactivation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In addition, detailed analysis of the template-matching method shows that, in the present study, coarse mean firing rate differences among neurons, but not fine temporal spike structures, dominate the results of template matching. Most importantly, it is also demonstrated that partial comparisons of template-matching correlations, such as used in the recent paper, may lead to erroneous conclusions. These investigations indicate that the outcome of template-matching analysis is very sensitive to the conditions of how it is applied, and should be interpreted cautiously, and that the existence of long-lasting reverberation after a novel experience requires additional verification.
Silent Localization of Underwater Sensors Using Magnetometers

Sensor localization is a central problem for sensor networks. If the sensor positions are uncertain, the target tracking ability of the sensor network is reduced. Sensor localization in underwater environments is traditionally addressed using acoustic range measurements involving known anchor or surface nodes. We explore the usage of triaxial magnetometers and a friendly vessel with known magnetic dipole to silently localize the sensors. The ferromagnetic field created by the dipole is measured by the magnetometers and is used to localize the sensors. The trajectory of the vessel and the sensor positions are estimated simultaneously using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Simulations show that the sensors can be accurately positioned using magnetometers.
Optimal Reservoir Operation Using PSO with Adaptive Random Inertia Weight

Optimal reservoir operation of systems is important for effective and efficient management of available water resources for maximum system benefit. Although some optimization techniques have been applied to obtain optimal reservoir scheduling rule, an efficient method in optimal operation of reservoir systems still remain to be required owing to complexity of reservoir system. In this paper, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) with Adaptive random inertia weight (ARIW) is presented for optimizing reservoir operation, which can adjust the probability distribution of random inertia. A case study with actual data from previous literature, the results shows an excellent performance in terms of its optimization results and it has potential in application to complex river systems.
Dissociation of salience-driven and content-driven spatial attention to scene category with predictive decoding of gaze patterns.

Scene content is thought to be processed quickly and efficiently to bias subsequent visual exploration.Does scene content bias spatial attention during task-free visual exploration of natural scenes? If so, is this bias driven by patterns of physical salience or content-driven biases formed through previous encounters with similar scenes? We conducted two eye-tracking experiments to address these questions. Using a novel gaze decoding method, we show that fixation patterns predict scene category during free exploration. Additionally, we isolate salience-driven contributions using computational salience maps and content-driven contributions using gaze-restricted fixation data. We find distinct time courses for salience-driven and content-driven effects. The influence of physical salience peaked initially but quickly fell off at 600 ms past stimulus onset. The influence of content effects started at chance and steadily increased over the 2000 ms after stimulus onset. The combination of these two components significantly explains the time course of gaze allocation during free exploration.
Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Implicates CD4+/CD44high Memory T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Murine Autoimmune Pancreatitis

The mouse strain MRL/MpJ is prone to spontaneously develop autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). To elucidate the genetic control towards the development of the phenotype and to characterize contributions of immunocompetent cell types, MRL/MpJ mice were interbred with three additional strains (BXD2/TYJ, NZM2410/J, CAST/EIJ) for four generations in an advanced intercross line. Cellular phenotypes were determined by flow cytometric quantification of splenic leukocytes and complemented by the histopathological evaluation of pancreatic lesions. An Illumina SNP array was used for genotyping. QTL analyses were performed with the R implementation of HAPPY. Out of 41 leukocyte subpopulations (B cells, T cells and dendritic cells), only three were significantly associated with AIP: While CD4+/CD44high memory T cells and CD4+/CD69+ T helper (Th) cells correlated positively with the disease, the cytotoxic T cell phenotype CD8+/CD44low showed a negative correlation. A QTL for AIP on chromosome 2 overlapped with QTLs for CD4+/CD44high and CD8+/CD44high memory T cells, FoxP3+/CD4+ and FoxP3+/CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and CD8+/CD69+ cytotoxic T cells. On chromosome 6, overlapping QTLs for AIP and CD4+/IL17+ Th17 cells and again FoxP3+/CD8+ Tregs were observed. In conclusion, CD4+/CD44high memory T cells are the only leukocyte subtype that could be linked to AIP both by correlation studies and from observed overlapping QTL. The potential role of this cell type in the pathogenesis of AIP warrants further investigations.
Neuropathic pain in patients with haemophilia, that is the question

Summary Chronic pain caused by recurrent joint bleedings affects a large number of patients with haemophilia (PwH). The basis of this pain, nociceptive or neuropathic, has not been investigated so far. In other pain-related chronic disorders such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, initial studies showed nociceptive but also neuropathic pain features. 137 PwH and 33 controls (C) completed the painDETECT-questionnaire (pDq), which identifies neuropathic components in a person´s pain profile. Based on the pDq results, a neuropathic pain component is classified as positive, negative or unclear. A positive neuropathic pain component was found in nine PwH, but not in C. In 20 PwH an unclear pDq result was observed. In comparison to C the allocation of pDq results is statistically significant (p≤0.001). Despite various pDq results in PwH and C a similar appraisal pain quality, but on a different level, was determined. Summarising the results, there is a potential risk to misunderstand underlying pain mechanisms in PwH. In chronic pain conditions based on haemophilic arthopathy, a differential diagnosis seems to be unalterable for comprehensive and individualised pain management in PwH.
Randomized controlled trial Do we need primer for orthodontic bonding ? A randomized controlled trial

*Orthodontic Department, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital, **Orthodontic Department, St Lukes Hospital, Bradford, ***Leeds dental Institute, University of Leeds, ****Department of Orthodontics, The Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, *****Orthodontic Department, Peterborough & Stamford NHS Trust, ******Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds and *******Department of Oral Biology, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, UK
Study on the Structure of Argumentation in Case Law

This paper investigates natural-language argumentation in the case law domain. The starting point is a study on the discoursive and argumentative characteristiques of ten legal documents from the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Then, a generalization of this study allows to formalize the structure of argumentation in the ECHR documents as a context-free grammar. The paper concludes with the evaluation of the grammar and a discussion of its main limitations.
Affective Modulation of Nociception in Individuals at Differential Risk for Developing Hypertension

MCGLONE, SARAH T. , M.S., August 2009, Psychology Affective Modulation of Nociception in Individuals at Differential Risk for Developing Hypertension (131 pp.) Director of Thesis: Christopher R. France Hypoalgesia is common in persons with and at risk for hypertension (Ghione, 1996; France, 1999) and may result from dampened affective responses to painful stimuli (Wilkinson & France, 2009; Jorgensen et al., 1996). Generally, pleasant affective stimuli decrease pain, whereas unpleasant affective stimuli increase pain (Rhudy et al., 2005). In the current study, it was hypothesized that the buffering effect of positive affect and the exacerbating effect of negative affect on pain would be less for those at increased risk for developing hypertension. Participants (N=117) were stimulated at 120% of their nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) threshold while viewing pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images. Electromyographic response magnitudes, pain ratings, valence ratings, and arousal ratings were obtained. The hypothesis was not supported, possibly because the valence and arousal ratings showed little variability as a function of hypertension risk. It appears that dampened affect is not the mechanism of hypoalgesia in those at risk for
Activated Akt Protects the Lung from Oxidant-Induced Injury and Delays Death of Mice

Oxidant-induced injury to the lung causes extensive damage to lung epithelial cells. Impaired protection and repair of the lung epithelium can result in death. The serine-threonine kinase Akt has been implicated in inhibiting cell death induced by different stimuli including growth factor withdrawal, cell cycle discordance, DNA damage, and loss of cell adhesion in different cell types. However, the in vivo relevance of this prosurvival pathway has not been explored. Here we show that a constitutively active form of Akt introduced intratracheally into the lungs of mice by adenovirus gene transfer techniques protects mice from hyperoxic pulmonary damage and delays death of mice. This is the first demonstration of the in vivo protective function of Akt in the context of oxidant-induced lung injury.
“The student drives the car, right?”: trans students and narratives of decision-making in schools

Abstract With growing awareness of the negative school experiences of trans students, more schools in North America are working to support such students and create more inclusive educational environments. This paper analyses how 60 educators in British Columbia, Canada talked about the involvement of trans students in decision-making processes at their school. It focuses on a prominent narrative, the ‘student in charge’ narrative, which suggests that educators should follow the lead of the young trans person to best support them. By centering the expertise of trans student, this narrative has the potential to disrupt cisnormativity in schools and traditional understandings of youth as unreliable. However, educators have also to negotiate dominant discourses about undue adult influence, young age, safety and gender fluidity that tend to undermine their initial commitment to young trans people’s self-determination. This paper analyses the effects of these contradictions on how educators respond to demands for recognition by trans students, and discusses the limits of student-led change. It concludes by arguing for more systemic changes that do not require the presence of trans bodies and instead offer possibilities for educational spaces in which all students would experience fewer pressures of gender and sexual conformity.
Zn/Fe remobilization from vegetative tissues to rice seeds: should I stay or should I go? Ask Zn/Fe supply!

Rice is a staple food for at least 50% of the world's population. Therefore, it is one of the most important crop plants on Earth (Lucca et al., 2002). However, milled rice is a poor source of essential micronutrients such as Fe and Zn (Bouis and Welch, 2010), whose deficiencies affect over three billion people worldwide, mostly in developing countries (Welch and Graham, 2004). Fe and Zn malnutrition are leading risk factors for disability and death, especially to children eating cereal-based diets, resulting in impaired functions of the brain, the immune and reproductive systems and energy metabolism (Graham et al., 2001). The development of new cultivars with elevated concentrations of Fe and Zn would be extremely relevant to alleviate malnutrition, but the lack of knowledge about how nutrients are translocated from vegetative tissues to the seeds is one of the barriers to rice biofortification (Colangelo and Guerinot, 2006; Sperotto et al., 2012a).
Girls' disruptive behavior: A study of explanatory factors

Background: The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) features may delineate a severe and persistent form of conduct problems in children with unique developmental origins. Contextual risk factors such as poor parenting, delinquent peers, or neighborhood risk are believed to influence the development of conduct problems primarily in children with low levels of CU features. However, longitudinal studies examining the moderating effect of CU features on the relation between contextual risk factors and the development of conduct problems in girls are rare. methods: Growth curve analysis was conducted using five annual measurements of disruptive behavior (oDD and CD symptoms) in a community sample of 1233 girls aged 7-8 at study onset. The relation between contextual risk factors in multiple domains (i.e., family, peer, community) and trajectories of disruptive behavior across time were examined for girls with differing levels of CU features. results: Growth curve analysis indicated that CU features were associated with chronically high levels of disruptive behavior over time. Low levels of parental warmth were also associated with chronically high levels of disruptive behavior primarily for girls with elevated CU features. exposure to neighborhood risk was associated with higher levels of disruptive behavior for girls in childhood regardless of their level of CU features, but this effect dissipated over time. Conclusions: Girls with elevated CU features who are exposed to low levels of parental warmth may be at particularly high risk for persistent conduct problems and should be targeted for intensive intervention in childhood.
Achieving 80% ten‐fold cross‐validated accuracy for secondary structure prediction by large‐scale training

An integrated system of neural networks, called SPINE, is established and optimized for predicting structural properties of proteins. SPINE is applied to three‐state secondary‐structure and residue‐solvent‐accessibility (RSA) prediction in this paper. The integrated neural networks are carefully trained with a large dataset of 2640 chains, sequence profiles generated from multiple sequence alignment, representative amino acid properties, a slow learning rate, overfitting protection, and an optimized sliding‐widow size. More than 200,000 weights in SPINE are optimized by maximizing the accuracy measured by Q3 (the percentage of correctly classified residues). SPINE yields a 10‐fold cross‐validated accuracy of 79.5% (80.0% for chains of length between 50 and 300) in secondary‐structure prediction after one‐month (CPU time) training on 22 processors. An accuracy of 87.5% is achieved for exposed residues (RSA >95%). The latter approaches the theoretical upper limit of 88–90% accuracy in assigning secondary structures. An accuracy of 73% for three‐state solvent‐accessibility prediction (25%/75% cutoff) and 79.3% for two‐state prediction (25% cutoff) is also obtained. Proteins 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND It has been 10 years since we carried out a systematic search of the literature on birth defect risk in infants born following assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared with non-ART infants. Because of changes to ART practice since that review and the publication of more studies the objective of this review was to include these more recent studies to estimate birth defect risk after ART and to examine birth defect risk separately in ART singletons and multiples. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase and Current Contents databases (1978-2012). We used the same data extraction sheet and questionnaire we had used previously with the addition of a quality score to the questionnaire. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using a random effects model. All data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2. RESULTS There were 45 cohort studies included in this review. ART infants (n = 92 671) had a higher risk of birth defects [RR 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-1.42] compared with naturally conceived infants (n = 3 870 760). The risk further increased when data were restricted to major birth defects (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.29-1.56) or singletons only (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.30-1.43). The results for ART multiples were less clear. When all data for multiples were pooled the RR estimate was 1.11 (95% CI 0.98-1.26) but this increased to 1.26 (0.99-1.60) when the analysis was restricted to studies of ART twins where some adjustment was made for differences in zygosity distribution between ART and non-ART multiples. CONCLUSIONS Birth defects remain more common in ART infants. Further research is required to examine risks for important subgroups of ART exposure.
An effective skeletonization method based on adaptive selection of contour points

Non-pixel-based skeletonization techniques show many advantages over traditional pixel-based methods such as thinning. These advantages include superior efficiency and faster processing time. Using a constrained Delaunay triangulation, an algorithm is presented here that improves upon non-pixel-based methods, through an adaptive selection of contour points. The proposed algorithm uses a new measure for skeletonization error, and aims to reduce this error across entire images, while retaining the significant properties that make a non-pixel-based technique so successful. Results show that the proposed method is computationally efficient, robust against noise, and produces a skeleton that is confirmed by a human's perception of the image.
The Short Quartet Method

Reconstructing phylogenetic (evolutionary) trees is a major research problem in biology, but unfortunately the current methods are either inconsistent somewhere in the parameter space (and hence do not reconstruct the tree even given unboundedly long sequences), have poor statistical power (and hence require extremely long sequences on large or highly divergent trees), or have computational requirements that are excessive. We describe in this paper a new method, which we call the Short Quartet Method, for inferring evolutionary trees. The Short Quartet Method has great statistical power, is provably consistent throughout the parameter space, and uses only polynomial time. We present the results of experimental studies based upon simulations of sequence evolution that demonstrate its greater statistical power than neighbor-joining 33], perhaps the most popular method for phylogenetic tree inference among molecular biologists.
Linking and Giving Among Teenage Girls

We combine data collected on friendship networks and individual characteristics with experimental observations from a sequence of dictator games run at an all-girls school in Pasadena, California. Our analysis provides two sets of insights. First, we flnd that dictator giving is primarily explained by social distance, deflned as the length of the shortest path connecting a dictator and recipient in their (elicited) network of friends. In fact, dictator ofiers follow a simple inverse distance law. Second, while student demographics play a minor role relative to network efiects in explaining ofier amounts, individual heterogeneity is important for the network formation process. In particular, we detect signiflcant homophilous behavior { students tend to connect to others similar to them. In addition, the network data reveal a strong preference for cliques { students tend to connect to those that are already close. The study serves as one of the flrst to identify network architecture with individual behavior and outcomes in a strategic context.
An engineering design model of multi-cell series-parallel solar array

In the design and construction of the photovoltaic system, a method is necessary which can concisely, quickly, accurately calculate the I-V curve of the whole photovoltaic array. This article propose a method that based on basic technology parameters provided by supplier, considering solar array element number, the total number of series and parallel branch and according to real-time light intensity and temperature correction, which can calculate the Current-Voltage(I-U) characteristics curve of the solar array in an engineering calculation. This method have passed the text of MATLAB simulation, and the result is correct. This method can also be used in the MPPT control of the solar system.
Online learning of robust facial feature trackers

This paper presents a head pose and facial feature estimation technique that works over a wide range of pose variations without a priori knowledge of the appearance of the face. Using simple LK trackers, head pose is estimated by Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) pose estimation using the feature tracking as constraints. Factored sampling and RANSAC are employed to both provide a robust pose estimate and identify tracker drift by constraining outliers in the estimation process. The system provides both a head pose estimate and the position of facial features and is capable of tracking over a wide range of head poses.
Transformation Synthesis for Euler-Lagrange Systems

The transformation of Euler-Lagrange systems, with the variable of position as output, in order to solve some interesting problem as the design of observer is considered in this paper. First, we will provide a necessary and sufficient condition, which ensures the transformation of such system into some structure affine in the velocities, as well as a method to compute this transformation. For a particular family of Euler-lagrange systems with two degree of freedom we will present a change of coordinates which makes the dynamics triangular with respect to the velocities and a globally asymptotically converging observer is provided. To illustrate the approach, it is applied to the Cart-pendulum system.