Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Application of the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability Model to Reveal Factors Which Facilitate or Inhibit Inclusive Engagement Within Local Community Festivals

Abstract Currently there is limited understanding, agreement, and research within the phenomena of community engagement and participation in local community festivals and events. This article aims to contribute to this growing, but limited, debate by justifying the adaption and integration of the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) model, and proposing a combination of primary data collection and analysis methods, to reveal and understand the factors that either inhibit or facilitate local community engagement in festivals and events. The rationale of this conceptual article is to determine how sustainability can be defined and achieved within local community festivals and events, by developing sustainable and inclusive community networks where the local population is actively engaged within the creation of events. The article begins by exploring the literature surrounding communities, community festivals and events, and community engagement. The article then moves on to discuss the MOA model and its adaption and application to event studies. It builds on concepts discussed by Jepson, Clarke, and Ragsdell [(2012, June 13–15). Investigating the use of the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) Model to reveal the factors which facilitate or inhibit inclusive engagement within local community festivals. Global events congress: Conference proceedings, Stavanger, Norway] that support the creation of inclusive community festivals and events through inclusive participation within the planning and decision-making process. The article then moves on to explore the methodological concerns triggered by this model, such as the need to be adaptable and flexible across a multifaceted community event with regard to collecting primary data whilst maintaining integrity and validity during analysis. Finally, the article comments on the overall suitability of the MOA model to capture primary data and draw conclusions about best practice for community engagement in local festivals and events.
New Estimates of the Equilibrium Exchange Rate: The Case for the Chinese Renminbi

We estimate the equilibrium exchange rate (EER) of the Chinese renminbi (RMB) vis-a-vis the U.S. dollar from 1992 to 2008. In contrast to the recent empirical studies on the EER employing a large cross-country analysis, we focus on the supply side real factors in estimating the EER by extending the Yoshikawa (1990) model. To better reflect China's processing exports in the context of growing intra-regional trade in Asia, we incorporate in the empirical analysis the source country breakdown data on import prices and input coefficients of intermediate inputs by constructing an annual new International Input-Output (IIO) table for the period from 1992 to 2008. The results show that the EER of Chinese RMB appreciates sharply from 2005 to 2008, suggesting that the current RMB exchange rate has been substantially undervalued and should be revalued by 65 percent from the year 2000 level. Such sharp appreciation of the EER corresponds to the dramatic increase in China's current account surplus from the mid-2000s, especially against the United States, which is ascribed to the significant improvement of both labor and intermediate input coefficients in China.
Early-life trauma alters hippocampal function during an episodic memory task in adulthood

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)%%%%Early life trauma is a risk factor for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ) and depression. Animal models have played a critical role in understanding how early-life trauma may evoke changes in behavior and biomarkers of altered brain function that resemble these neuropsychiatric disorders. However, since SZ is a complex condition with multifactorial etiology, it is difficult to model the breadth of this condition in a single animal model. Considering this, it is necessary to develop rodent models with clearly defined subsets of pathologies observed in the human condition and their developmental trajectory. Episodic memory is among the cognitive deficits observed in SZ. Theta (6-10 Hz), low gamma (30-50 Hz), and high gamma (50-100 Hz) frequencies in the hippocampus (HC) are critical for encoding and retrieval of memory. Also, theta-gamma comodulation, defined as correlated fluctuations in power between these frequencies, may provide a mechanism for coding episodic sequences by coordinating neuronal activity at timescales required for memory encoding and retrieval. Given that patients with SZ have impaired recognition memory, the overall objectives of these experiments were to assess local field potential (LFP) recordings in the theta and gamma range from the dorsal HC during a recognition memory task in an animal model that exhibits a subclass of symptoms that resemble SZ. In Aim 1, LFPs were recorded from the HC to assess theta and gamma power to determine whether rats that were maternally deprived (MD) for 24-hrs on postnatal day (PND 9), had altered theta and high/low gamma power compared to sham rats during novel object recognition (NOR). Brain activity was recorded while animals underwent NOR on PND 70, 74, and 78. In Aim 2, the effects of theta-low gamma comodulation and theta-high gamma comodulation in the HC were assessed during NOR between sham and MD animals. Furthermore, measures of maternal care were taken to assess if high or low licking/grooming behaviors influenced recognition memory. It was hypothesized that MD animals would have impaired recognition memory and lower theta and low/high gamma power during interaction with both objects compared to sham animals. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that sham animals would have higher theta-gamma comodulation during novel object exploration compared to the familiar object, which would be higher than the MD group. Measures of weight, locomotor activity, and thigmotaxis were also assessed. MD animals were impaired on the NOR task and had no change in theta or low/high gamma power or theta-gamma comodulation when interacting with the novel or familiar object during trials where they performed unsuccessfully or successfully. However, higher theta and gamma power and theta-gamma comodulation was observed in sham animals depending on the object they were exploring or whether it was a successful or unsuccessful trial. These data indicate altered functioning of the HC…
The hidden language skill: oral inferential comprehension in children with developmental language disorder

V Glossary of Abbreviations.VII List of Tables . XIII List of Figures.XV Chapter 1: Thesis Overview . 1 Background . 1 Research Aims. 2 Overview of Thesis Chapters . 3 Chapter 2: Study One Literature Review . 4 Chapter Overview . 4 Developmental Language Disorder . 4 Definition. 5 Characteristics and diagnosis . 6 Language Comprehension . 8 Discourse Comprehension . 10 Inferential Comprehension . 14 Development of Inferential Comprehension . 15 Inferential Comprehension in Children with Developmental Language Disorder . 19 Skills Required for Inferential Comprehension . 22 Oral Comprehension and Reading . 24 Summary . 25 Language and Cognitive Skills Contributing to Inferential Comprehension . 26 Vocabulary . 26 Grammar . 29 Narrative . 31 Working memory . 33 Linguistic processing . 35 Executive Functioning (Inhibition) . 38 Theory of mind . 40
Molecular basis of peripheral olfactory plasticity in Rhodnius prolixus, a Chagas disease vector

Olfaction is fundamental for most animals and critical for different aspects of triatomine biology, including host-seeking, reproduction, avoidance of predators, and aggregation in shelters. Ethological and physiological aspects of these olfactory-mediated behaviors are well understood, but their molecular bases are still largely unknown. Here we investigated changes in molecular mechanisms at the peripheral olfactory level in response to different physiological and developmental conditions. For this, the antennal expression levels of the odorant (Orco) and ionotropic (IR8a, IR25a and IR76b) coreceptor genes were determined in Rhodnius prolixus by means of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Gene expression changes were analyzed to test the effect of feeding and imaginal molt for both sexes. Moreover, we analyzed whether expression of these genes changed during the early life of adult bugs. Under these conditions bugs display distinct behavioral responses to diverse chemical stimuli. A significantly decreased expression was induced by blood feeding on all coreceptor genes. The expression of all genes was significantly increased following the imaginal molt. These results show that olfactory coreceptor genes have their expression altered as a response to physiological or developmental changes. Our study suggests that olfactory coreceptor genes confer adaptability to the peripheral olfactory function, probably underlying the known plasticity of triatomine olfactory-mediated behavior.
Explicit multipath congestion control for data center networks

The vast majority of application traffic in modern data center networks (DCNs) can be classified into two categories: throughput-sensitive large flows and latency-sensitive small flows. These two types of flows have the conflicting requirements on link buffer occupancy. Existing data transfer proposals either do not fully utilize the path diversity of DCNs to improve the throughput of large flows, or cannot achieve a controllable link buffer occupancy to meet the low latency requirement of small flows. Aiming to balance throughput with latency, we develop the eXplicit MultiPath (XMP) congestion control scheme for DCNs. XMP comprises two components: the BOS algorithm brings link queue buffers consumed by large flows under control, while the TraSh algorithm is responsible for shifting traffic from more congested paths to less congested ones, thus achieving high throughput. We implemented XMP and evaluated its performance on traffic shifting, fairness, goodput, buffer occupancy and link utilization by conducting comprehensive experiments and simulations. The results show that XMP outperforms existing schemes and achieves a reasonable tradeoff between throughput and latency.
A border-based approach for hiding sensitive frequent itemsets

Sharing data among organizations often leads to mutual benefit. Recent technology in data mining has enabled efficient extraction of knowledge from large databases. This, however, increases risks of disclosing the sensitive knowledge when the database is released to other parties. To address this privacy issue, one may sanitize the original database so that the sensitive knowledge is hidden. The challenge is to minimize the side effect on the quality of the sanitized database so that nonsensitive knowledge can still be mined. In this paper, we study such a problem in the context of hiding sensitive frequent itemsets by judiciously modifying the transactions in the database. To preserve the non-sensitive frequent itemsets, we propose a border-based approach to efficiently evaluate the impact of any modification to the database during the hiding process. The quality of database can be well maintained by greedily selecting the modifications with minimal side effect. Experiments results are also reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Role of 131 INP-59 Adrenal Imaging in Patients of ACTH-Independent Cushing ’ s Syndrome

Received 11/10/2000; revised 2/15/2001; accepted 2/26/2001. For correspondence or reprints contact: Chiang-Hsuan Lee, M.D., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan, R.O. C. Tel: (886)7-7317123 ext. 2627, Fax: (886)7-7317123 ext. 2631, E-mail: lee4cgmh@mail.ht. net.tw Background: Iodine-131-6-β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (I-NP-59) imaging is a noninvasive adrenal imaging study that enables localization and characterization of endocrine dysfunction in the adrenal cortex. Herein, we report on our 12-year experience with I-NP-59 imaging in the localization of ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome. Methods: We reviewed the records of 25 ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome patients who had undergone adrenal scintigraphy in our hospital between January 1988 and August 2000. All patients underwent I-NP-59 imaging and CT scanning before adrenalectomy and had pathologic examinations. Results: I-NP-59 imaging correctly identified adrenocortical adenomas in 90% (18/20) of the cases. In adrenocortical carcinoma, the classic scintigraphic pattern of bilateral nonvisualization was observed in 1 of 3 patients, with visualization on the side of the tumor in 2 patients. CT scanning correctly depicted the adrenal lesions in all cases of adenoma and carcinoma except for one case of carcinoma in which bilateral adrenal hyperplasia was demonstrated. In cortical nodular hyperplasia, both I-NP-59 imaging and CT scanning showed negative results in bilateral micronodular dysplasia and correctly identified the bilateral nature of bilateral ACTH-independent macronodular hyperplasia. Conclusions: The interpretation of adrenal scintigraphy is not only directly dependent upon the results of biochemical studies, but it also is affected by intradiagnostic medications and hyperlipidemia. Unilateral visualization of an adrenal tumor on I-NP-59 imaging cannot be uniformly interpreted to represent benign disease.
A longitudinal approach to understanding course evaluations

Tenure, promotion, and salary decisions are influenced by student ratings of instructors (SRIs) (McKeachie, 1979; Theall & Franklin, 1990; Yao, Weissinger & Grady, 2003). The literature addressing their validity, as a consequence, is voluminous (Marsh, 1987; Seldin, 1997; Silverman, 2001). From one institution of higher education to the next, however, the evaluation instruments take on different formats and address different aspects of teaching and teacher quality. And, from one institution to the next, the degree to which administrators incorporate this information into an overall judgment about teaching quality is often vague at best (Millman & Darling-Hammond, 1990; Scriven, 1995; Theall, Franklin & Ludlow, 1990; Wachtel, 1998).
Primary Production Dynamics of Two Dominant Macrophytes in Wular Lake, a Ramsar Site in Kashmir Himalaya

Growing season changes in the organic matter, organic carbon and chlorophyll content of the two dominant macrophytes, Nymphoides peltatum and Ceratophyllum demersum of Wular Lake, a Ramsar Site in Kashmir Himalaya were analysed during March- November 2011. The content of organic matter and organic carbon for Nymphoides peltatum were 114.1 g m-2 and 53.1 g C m-2 and Ceratophyllum demersum were 57.0 g m-2 and 26.4 g C m-2. Chlorophyll A (Chl a) and chlorophyll A+B (Chl a+b) pigments ranged from 1.75 mg g-1 (Chl a) and 2.1mg g-1 (Chl a+b) in Nymphoides peltatum to 4.41 mg g-1 (Chl a) and 5.69 mg g-1 (Chl a+b) in Ceratophyllum demersum. In full leaf out, the latter aquatic plants exceeded 15-20% coverage of the open water surface.Ceratophyllum demersum and Nymphoides peltatum achieved maximum growth in June and August respectively, but significant differences in their growth dynamics was observed. At the end of the vegetation period, these plants sink to the bottom and decompose.
Signal Recognition Particle and SecA Cooperate during Export of Secretory Proteins with Highly Hydrophobic Signal Sequences

The Sec translocon of bacterial plasma membranes mediates the linear translocation of secretory proteins as well as the lateral integration of membrane proteins. Integration of many membrane proteins occurs co-translationally via the signal recognition particle (SRP)-dependent targeting of ribosome-associated nascent chains to the Sec translocon. In contrast, translocation of classical secretory proteins across the Sec translocon is a post-translational event requiring no SRP but the motor protein SecA. Secretory proteins were, however, reported to utilize SRP in addition to SecA, if the hydrophobicity of their signal sequences exceeds a certain threshold value. Here we have analyzed transport of this subgroup of secretory proteins across the Sec translocon employing an entirely defined in vitro system. We thus found SecA to be both necessary and sufficient for translocation of secretory proteins with hydrophobic signal sequences, whereas SRP and its receptor improved translocation efficiency. This SRP-mediated boost of translocation is likely due to the early capture of the hydrophobic signal sequence by SRP as revealed by site-specific photo cross-linking of ribosome nascent chain complexes.
Categorizing Competence: Consumer debt and the reproduction of gender-based status differences

We examine how gender inequalities are reproduced through categorization processes in mainstream discourse. Drawing from an analysis of six years of US media coverage of credit card borrowers throughout the recent financial crisis, we show how categorization processes facilitate gender-based status differences by categorizing male and female credit card borrowers based on competence. We find that three dimensions of competence—savviness, responsibility, and agency—are constructed through two discursive mechanisms: accounts and vocabularies. Additionally, we highlight how vocabularies work to amplify stereotype-consistent accounts, yet undermine stereotype-inconsistent accounts. We contribute to research on institutional maintenance by highlighting the role of categorization processes in the reproduction of institutionalized relations of inequality. Further, we contribute to research on gender inequality by offering an in-depth examination of the micro-processes involved in the social construction of gender-based status differences. In this way, we shed new light on the cultural means through which gender inequalities are reproduced.
Predict the characteristics of a terahertz photomixer based on HEMT with the cap region from the analyitcal theory

The characteristics of a terahertz photomixer using the excitation of plasma oscillation in the channel of a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with the cap region are predicted in this paper from the developed analytic model. In the proposed model, the photo beam is inputted to the absorption layer of HEMT through the ungated area. Starting from the Euler equation and continuity equation, we obtained a response expression depicting the terahertz characteristics of that HEMT photomixer. As a result, the response as a function of the signal frequency is analyzed and the dependence of resonant frequency and amplitude on different length of cap region, voltage, and physical parameters are demonstrated.
A Variation-Based Method for Product Family Design

Product family design entails all of the challenges of product design while adding the complexity of coordinating the design of multiple products in an effort to maximize commonality across a set of products without compromising their individual performance. This paper presents the Variation-Based Platform Design Method (VBPDM) for product family design, which aims to satisfy a range of performance requirements using the smallest variation of the product designs in the family. In the first stage of the VBPDM, the product platform around which the product family is to be developed is identified. The product platform is common to all of the products in the family and represents the maximum standardization possible considering the variety of performance requirements that must be satisfied. To satisfy the range of performance requirements for the product family, a ranged set of solutions is found using variation-based modeling. A compromise Decision Support Problem (DSP) is formulated to solve the tradeoff between satisfying the variety requirement and maximizing platform commonality. Platform commonality is achieved by introducing a commonality goal that seeks to minimize the deviation of the input design variables while satisfying the range of performance requirements. Those design variables that show small deviations are held constant to form the product platform. In the second stage of the VBPDM, each individual product is designed around the common platform such that the functional requirements for each product in the family are best satisfied. As an example, the proposed method is used to develop a family of universal electric motors designed to meet a range of torque requirements. The results are compared against previous work on the same example.
Dynamics of Cell-Fate Determination and Patterning in the Vascular Bundles of Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant vascular meristems are sets of pluripotent cells that enable radial growth by giving rise to vascular tissues and are therefore crucial to plant development. However, the overall dynamics of cellular determination and patterning in and around vascular meristems is still unexplored. We study this process in the shoot vascular tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is organized in vascular bundles that contain three basic cell types (procambium, xylem and phloem). A set of molecules involved in this process has now been identified and partially characterized, but it is not yet clear how the regulatory interactions among them, in conjunction with cellular communication processes, give rise to the steady patterns that accompany cell-fate determination and arrangement within vascular bundles. We put forward a dynamic model factoring in the interactions between molecules (genes, peptides, mRNA and hormones) that have been reported to be central in this process, as well as the relevant communication mechanisms. When a few proposed interactions (unverified, but based on related data) are postulated, the model reproduces the hormonal and molecular patterns expected for the three regions within vascular bundles. In order to test the model, we simulated mutant and hormone-depleted systems and compared the results with experimentally reported phenotypes. The proposed model provides a formal framework integrating a set of growing experimental data and renders a dynamic account of how the collective action of hormones, genes, and other molecules may result in the specification of the three main cell types within shoot vascular bundles. It also offers a tool to test the necessity and sufficiency of particular interactions and conditions for vascular patterning and yields novel predictions that may be experimentally tested. Finally, this model provides a reference for further studies comparing the overall dynamics of tissue organization and formation by meristems in other plant organs and species.