Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tolterodine on the Anticoagulant Actions and Pharmacokinetics of Single-dose Warfarin in Healthy Volunteers

Summary This randomized, double-blind, crossover study investigated the potential effects of tolterodine ((R)-N,N-diisopropyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl) -3-phenylpropanamine, CAS 124937-51-5), an antimuscarinic agent for the treatment of the overactive bladder, on the anticoagulant actions and pharmacokinetics of single-dose warfarin (CAS 81-81-2) in 20 healthy male volunteers. In terms of study design, volunteers randomly received oral tolterodine L-tartrate (2 mg twice daily) or matching placebo for 7 days, with a single oral dose of warfarin (25 mg) administered on day 4 of each treatment period. R-(+)- and S-(-)-warfarin pharmacokinetics were estimated from plasma levels measured up to 96 h post-dose, in conjunction with assessment of prothrombin time and factor VII activity. Pharmacokinetics of tolterodine and its active 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite ((R)-N,N-diisopropyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-3-phenylpropanamine; 5-HM), in the presence and absence of warfarin, were also determined. Relative to placebo, tolterodine had no discernible effect on the anticoagulant actions of warfarin. Point estimates of the tolterodine:placebo ratios for prothrombin time and factor VII activity were 1.00 (90 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-1.10) and 0.91 (90 % CI: 0.83-0.99), respectively, consistent with equivalence. No clinically significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of R-(+)- and S-(-)-warfarin were noted. Serum concentration-time profiles and the pharmacokinetics of tolterodine and 5-HM were similar in the presence and absence of warfarin. There were no safety concerns. These findings indicate that co-administration of tolterodine and warfarin is safe and well tolerated, with no clinically significant pharmacodynamic or kinetic interaction in healthy volunteers.
Las tipologías de estatus sociométrico durante la adolescencia: contraste de distintas técnicas y fórmulas para su cálculo

El objetivo de este trabajo es contrastar distintas formulas para la clasificacion sociometrica y analizar la relacion de las tipologias obtenidas con cada sistema y la conducta evaluada por los iguales en la adolescencia. Un total de 1.009 estudiantes de 4o de ESO fueron clasificados utilizando cuatro sistemas distintos: dos basados en la tecnica de nominacion de Coie y Dodge y Newcomb y Bukowski, una adaptacion de este ultimo basada en la revision del estatus de ignorados, y un cuarto sistema basado en la escala de calificacion de Maassen y Laandsheer. Los resultados muestran una asociacion significativa entre las cuatro clasificaciones, pero tambien diferencias entre ellas, mostrandose mas relacionados entre si los que parten de la tecnica de nominacion, ademas de ofrecer una mejor caracterizacion conductual de las categorias sociometricas.
Dynamics of on-line competitive learning

We present a solvable model of unsupervised competitive learning, which determines prototype vectors suitable for the representation of high-dimensional data. In the thermodynamic limit, the dynamics of on-line training is described exactly by a system of coupled first-order differential equations for a set of order parameters. As an example application of the formalism we discuss the identification of two prototypes in the case of two overlapping clusters of data. This specific model exhibits non-trivial behavior like almost stationary plateau configurations which correspond to weakly repulsive fixed points of the dynamics. The ability of the system to escape from this fixed point as well as its asymptotic behavior depend critically on the learning rate used in the algorithm.
Childlessness, Parenthood, and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Prior research has examined whether parenthood is associated with higher levels of well-being among older adults, but definitions of parental status have varied. The authors examine links between parental status and depressive symptoms among older adults, comparing biological and social definitions of parenthood. The study finds few differences between biological and social parenthood but substantial variation in the relationship between parental status and depressive symptoms by gender and marital status. Biologically and socially childless adults had the lowest predicted levels of depression across all marital status groups. Widowed men averaged higher levels of depression than other men. For women, the highest predicted levels of depressive symptoms were observed among never-married biological parents and formerly married women who had outlived their children. Increased sampling of less common parental subgroups and diverse kinship relations to allow for more precise classifications and the consideration of joint marital—parental statuses in future research.
Opposing Effects of Maternal and Paternal Socioeconomic Status on Neonatal Feeding Method, Place of Sleep, and Maternal Sleep Time

Objective This study was conducted to compare the relative influence of the socioeconomic status of both mothers and fathers on feeding method and cosleeping. Methods The time and method of feeding and sleeping were recorded in a log during the 4th-week postpartum and analyzed according to the parental Hollingshead Index of Social Position in 33 families with their first newborn. Results The effect of socioeconomic status on feeding and sleep was parent specific. Low socioeconomic status of the mother, but not the father, was associated with cosleeping (t = 2.39, P < .01); whereas, a low socioeconomic status of the father, but not the mother, was associated with bottle-feeding rather than breast-feeding (t = 1.94, P < .05). Conclusions Socioeconomic status of the parents differentially affects neonatal care. Programs to increase breast-feeding rates would be most effective if designed for and aimed at the fathers.
Why do news values matter? Towards a new methodological framework for analysing news discourse in Critical Discourse Analysis and beyond

This article introduces a new framework for the analysis of news discourse to scholars in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and beyond. It emphasises the importance of news values for linguistic analysis and encourages a constructivist approach to their analysis. The new methodological framework is situated within what the authors call a ‘discursive’ approach to news values. From this perspective, news values are seen as values that exist in and are constructed through discourse, and the primary research interest is in how texts construct newsworthiness through multimodal resources. This article first introduces resources that are used to construe news values in English-language news discourse, before illustrating the framework through two case studies of a 70,000-word corpus of British news discourse. The framework itself is intended for both multimodal discourse analysis and corpus linguistic analysis, although this article focuses more on the integration of corpus linguistic techniques. Thus, the discursive approach ties in well with two recent trends in CDA – towards multimodal and towards corpus-assisted discourse analysis. More specifically, the case studies show that corpus linguistic techniques can identify conventionalised discursive devices that are repeatedly used in news discourse to construct and perpetuate an ideology of newsworthiness. They further show that such techniques can provide a useful indication of the discursive construction of newsworthiness around a specific topic, event or news actor. The article concludes with an outline of further applications of the framework for (critical) linguistic analyses of news discourse.
Victimology in transitional justice: Victimhood, innocence and hierarchy

Although addressing the needs of victims is increasingly proffered as the key rationale for transitional justice, serious critical discussion on the political and social construction of victimhood is only tentatively emerging in the field. Drawing from Anglo-American victimology, the first part of this paper suggests that victims of crime as a category are often perceived as the mirror opposite of perpetrators of crime. It suggests that such a perspective narrows the notion of victims’ rights or needs so they become intrinsically linked to the punishment of perpetrators; that victims and perpetrators are reified and distinct categories; and that ‘true’ victim status demands innocence. The second part of the paper takes these insights and applies them to the context of transitional justice. In particular, it questions the notion of ‘innocence’ as a prerequisite for victim recognition and explores the ways in which victims and perpetrators are not always easily identified as distinct categories in conflicted or transitional societies. The paper concludes that incorporating blame in the calibration of human suffering results in the morally corrosive language of a ‘hierarchy of victims’.
Therapeutic Effects of Bipolar Coagulation Forceps on Open Thyroid Surgery.

BACKGROUND The aim was to compare the therapeutic effects of bipolar coagulation forceps, harmonic scalpel, and conventional thyroidectomy on open thyroid surgery. METHODS A total of 527 patients who received open thyroid surgery in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School between February 2013 and February 2016 were randomly divided into three groups: bipolar coagulation forceps, harmonic scalpel, and conventional thyroidectomy. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, disease constituents or mass diameter between the three groups. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative volume of drainage, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications of the three surgical methods were compared. RESULTS The bipolar coagulation forceps and harmonic scalpel groups were significantly superior to the conventional thyroidectomy group (p < 0.05) in terms of surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative volume of drainage, and postoperative hospital stay, but the first two groups had similar outcomes (p > 0.05). There were significant differences between the three groups in temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and temporary hypoparathyroidism, and the results of the bipolar coagulation forceps group were significantly better than those of the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in airway depression due to postoperative bleeding or irritating cough induced by superior laryngeal nerve palsy between the three groups (p > 0.05). None of the patients in the three groups suffered from permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy or permanent hypoparathyroidism. CONCLUSIONS The effects of bipolar coagulation forceps on open thyroid surgery exceeded those of the harmonic scalpel and conventional thyroidectomy. This method is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.
AWARENESS AND PRACTICE ON BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL IN KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL.

BACKGROUND The proper handling and disposal of Bio-medical waste (BMW) is very imperative. There are well defined set rules for handling BMW worldwide. Unfortunately, laxity and lack of adequate training and awareness in execution of these rules leads to staid health and environment apprehension. OBJECTIVE To assessthe awareness and practice regarding biomedical waste management among health care personnel in Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) DESIGN: A cross sectional study design. SETTING Kenyatta National Hospital SUBJECTS Doctors, Nurses and support staff who have worked in the institution for more than six months and consented were evaluated. RESULTS The total level of awareness on biomedical waste management among health care personnel was found to be 60%. The doctors scored 51% which was the lowest score the nurses scored 65% which was the highest score while the support staff scored 55%. As for the practices, the results showed that most of the healthcare personnel were aware of the biomedical waste management practices in the hospital with the lowest scores emerging from doctors and this shows no association between knowledge on biomedical waste management and education. When asked how they would describe the control of waste management in the institution 59% said good and 40% said fair while 1% said poor. CONCLUSION The present study therefore outlines the gap between biomedical waste management rules and inadequate state of execution and awareness in practice. It is recommended that enhancement be done to the already existing Hospital Infection Control Committee to supervise all the aspects of biomedical waste management. Periodical training programmes for biomedical waste handling and disposal to the staff with focus on doctors is highlighted.
Nitric oxide is involved in growth regulation and re-orientation of pollen tubes

Nitric oxide (NO) controls diverse functions in many cells and organs of animals. It is also produced in plants and has a variety of effects, but little is known about their underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we have discovered a role for NO in the regulation of pollen tube growth, a fast tip-growing cellular system. Pollen tubes must be precisely oriented inside the anatomically complex female ovary in order to deliver sperm. We hypothesized that NO could play a role in this guidance and tested this hypothesis by challenging the growth of pollen tubes with an external NO point source. When a critical concentration was sensed, the growth rate was reduced and the growth axis underwent a subsequent sharp reorientation, after which normal growth was attained. This response was abrogated in the presence of the NO scavenger CPTIO and affected by drugs interfering in the cGMP signaling pathway. The sensitivity threshold of the response was significantly augmented by sildenafil citrate (SC), an inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases in animals. NO distribution inside pollen tubes was investigated using DAF2-DA and was shown to occur mostly in peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are normally excluded from the tip of pollen tubes and little if any NO is found in the cytosol of that region. Our data indicate that the rate and orientation of pollen tube growth is regulated by NO levels at the pollen tube tip and suggest that this NO function is mediated by cGMP.
International Medical Case Reports Journal Dovepress Nonischemic St Segment Elevation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Due to Chest Wall Deformity from Kyphoscoliosis

A 57-year-old male was admitted with suspected acute coronary syndrome. He reported experiencing moderate chest pain when walking during the day prior to admission, but had very prominent ST segment elevations in the precordial electrocardiography (EKG) leads. A physical examination revealed remarkable severe kyphoscoliosis with chest deformity. The patient's cardiac troponin levels remained normal, while cardiac ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the chest confirmed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with severe thickening of the interventricular septum. Ischemic heart disease was ruled out by myocardial perfusion imaging with 99m Tc-MIBI during rest and dipyridamole-induced stress without showing irreversible or reversible myocardial ischemia. Our diagnosis was that the chest pain was noncardiac in origin and that the pronounced ST segment elevations in the precordial EKG leads reflected the severely hypertrophic interventricular septum through the normally thick left ventricular free wall. The patient's chest wall deformity brought his septum and the ventricular free wall nearly parallel to the left side of the chest wall, allowing for complete expression of the reciprocal EKG pattern of septal hypertrophy. We suggest that EKG findings should always be interpreted with the chest wall shape being kept in mind. When confronted with a patient who has prominent ST segment elevation in the electrocardiogram (EKG), a physician must quickly evaluate whether the patient has acute myocardial infarction (MI). Among the rare differential diagnoses, hypertro-phic cardiomyopathy (HCM) should be considered. HCM is a genetically-based myocardial disorder with heterogeneous clinical and morphological features. The diagnosis of HCM can be reliably established by echocardiographic demonstration of unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, most often involving the interventricular septum. 8 Conventional 12-lead EKG may be used for screening, since almost all patients with HCM have EKG abnormalities, most commonly in the form of abnormal Q waves, often accompanied by ST-T abnormalities and a pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy. In contrast, overt ST-segment elevation in anterior EKG leads is a rare finding in HCM which has been described in only a handful of cases. No explanation has been proposed for why ST segment elevation occurs only sporadically in patients with HCM. We report the case of a patient with HCM and severe chest deformity due to kyphoscoliosis who had pronounced ST elevation in precordial EKG leads that demonstrates how both the patient's cardiac abnormalities and shape of the chest influenced the 12-lead EKG.
Convergent beam electron diffraction

The development of new materials requires an understanding of their mode of growth and the nature of defects, interfaces and strains thereby incorporated. This paper shows how convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) and large angle CBED (LACBED) can be used to analyse such problems. It is shown how CBED and LACBED can give two-beam rocking curves, which can be used to profile plane rotations, strain and composition in multilayer structures, and to determine rigid body displacements at stacking faults and interfaces. In addition LACBED has become a powerful technique for the analysis of dislocations. The recent application of LACBED to determine the Burgers vectors of stair-rod and other partial dislocations is explained.
The language of property: Analyses of Yolngu relations to country

Among his many significant contributions to Aboriginal studies, Nicolas Peterson, in the 1970s, brought a fresh perspective to bear on the question of Aboriginal relations to land. L. R. Hiatt (1962) had questioned the validity of Radcliffe-Brownian orthodoxy on ‘local organisation’, drawing a vigorous defence and elaboration from W. E. H. Stanner (1965). Stanner’s synthesis provided a language for analysis, which has endured, especially his distinction between a clan’s ‘estate’ and a residence group’s or band’s ‘range’. Neither Hiatt nor Stanner (or indeed Radcliffe-Brown) had spent time living and moving with an Aboriginal band through the course of a year. Peterson’s fieldwork was unique in the Australian context in that he lived for a full year with a Yolngu band on the south-eastern margins of the Arafura Swamp in north-east Arnhem Land, largely without external provisioning (Peterson 1971). Consequently, his findings about movement, the ownership of land and waters and the composition of residence groups have a particular authority.
Evaluation of effluents from bench-scale treatment combinations for landfill leachate in Ibadan, Nigeria

The removal of pollutants in landfill leachate was investigated using constructed wetlands, a trickling filter, alum flocculation and coagulation, and a sequencing batch reactor in various combinations. Thirteen combined operations were investigated involving three out of the four unit treatment methods in series. The study was conducted because unit operations, though achieved reductions in pollutants concentrations had effluent values above the national regulatory guideline values. The suspended solids of effluents were permissible in most treatment processes, while reductions in 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia (NH3) of leachates ranged from 80% to 97%; 86% to 97% and 92% to 98% respectively. However, there were significant increases in nitrate (85%) and dissolved oxygen of treatment (218%). In addition, the characteristics of the recommended treatment sequence, involving constructed wetlands, alum and trickling filter produced effluents with reductions in colour (97%), alkalinity (97%), BOD (97%), COD (97%) and NH3 (98%), and in metals, except nickel (29% reduction from the influent values). The recommended treatment combination is suitable for effective leachate management at the landfill. The cost of constructing and operating the recommended treatment combination at the facility, for 5 years, would be NGN6,009,750.00 ($38,036.39). The performance should be monitored on site prior to full adoption if effluent characteristics remain consistently low over dry and wet seasons.
Do Schools Make a Difference

한국 교육의 최우선 과제는 학업 성취도의 수월성과 평등성이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 학생들의 학업 성취도에 영향을 미치는 변인들에 대한 분석을 통해 한국 교육 정책의 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 1966년에 발간된 Coleman 리포트에 따르면, 학생의 학업 성취도는 학교 환경 보다는 가정환경과 또래집단이 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 학교.
Cognitive Skills of Mathematical Problem Solving of Grade 6 Children

This study investigated the metacognitive dimensions on the cognitive skills of mathematical problem solving. It involved 275 grade six pupils of District 1, Quezon, Bukidnon during the academic year 2010-2011. This study used the descriptive method of research. The instruments used were the cognitive tasks, prediction and evaluation tasks, and interviews conducted by the researcher. Percentages, means and t–test paired were computed. Findings revealed that the pupils cognitive skills was below average in terms of numerical comprehension, simple linguistic sentences, contextual information, mental visualization, number system knowledge, relevant information, number sense estimation, procedural calculation and average in terms of symbol comprehension. The grade six pupils of District 1, Quezon, Bukidnon had low metacognitive prediction and evaluation dimensions. There was a significant difference on the prediction and evaluation of the grade six pupils on their cognitive skills. Thus, they should be provided with both knowledge of cognitive processes and strategies, and experience or practice in using both cognitive and metacognitive strategies and evaluating the outcomes of their efforts to enhance their cognitive skills and metacognitive dimensions.
JOUBERT SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND POLYGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS IN A FURTHER CASE

To our knowledge, only 10 cases of Joubert syndrome have been published so far. In this paper, we describe the clinical, radiological (computerized tomography) and polygraphic findings in an additional patient. The female presented here is the product of consanguineous parents and a sibling of a previously reported infant. In addition to the well-known episodic tachypnea in an awake state, representing the clinical hallmark of this syndrome, this child also had bouts of tachypnea while asleep. Interestingly enough, these were confined only to non-REM sleep.