Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Final group topologies, Phan systems and Pontryagin duality

We study final group topologies and their relations to compactness properties. In particular, we are interested in situations where a colimit or direct limit is locally compact, a kω-space, or locally kω. As a first application, we show that unitary forms of complex Kac-Moody groups can be described as the colimit of an amalgam of subgroups (in the category of Hausdorff topological groups, and the category of kω-groups). Our second application concerns Pontryagin duality theory for the classes of almost metrizable topological abelian groups, resp. , locally kω topological abelian groups, which are dual to each other. In particular, we explore the relations between countable projective limits of almost metrizable abelian groups and countable direct limits of locally kω abelian groups. Introduction Given a group G and a family (fi)i∈I of maps fi : Xi → G from certain topological spaces to G, there exists a finest group topology on G making all of the maps fi continuous, the so-called final group topology with respect to the family (fi)i∈I . Such topologies arise naturally in connection with colimits of topological groups (notably, direct limits), which carry the final group topology with respect to the family of limit maps. In this article, we prove various results concerning final group topologies, colimits and direct limits which depend on compactness properties of the topological spaces involved. In particular, we obtain results for spaces which are locally compact, kω, or locally kω. Recall that a topological space is called a kω-space if it is the direct limit of an ascending sequence of compact (Hausdorff) subspaces. The class of kω-spaces is quite general and comprises, for example, all countable CW-complexes [69, §5] and countable direct limits of σ-compact locally compact groups (cf. [24], [77]); yet it is restrictive enough to allow a systematic treatment. In the theory of topological groups, kω-spaces have attracted considerable interest because free topological groups over compact (or kω-) spaces are kω-spaces (see [32, Theorem 4], [60, Corollary 1] and [70, Theorem 5.2]), and these are essentially the only examples of free topological groups whose topology is well accessible. The situation is similar for Hausdorff quotient groups of such free groups (which are kω-spaces as well). These subsume important categorical constructs, like free products of two kω-groups with (or without) amalgamation ([51]–[54], [57]). This article was partially written while the second author held a substitute professorship at the TU Braunschweig. He would like to express his gratitude to the members of the Institute of Computational Mathematics of the TU Braunschweig for their hospitality. Classification: 22A05 (main); 18A30, 20E06, 22C05, 22D35, 22E15, 43A40, 51B25, 51E24, 54D50
Effect of nasal or oral breathing route on upper airway resistance during sleep

Healthy subjects with normal nasal resistance breathe almost exclusively through the nose during sleep. This study tested the hypothesis that a mechanical advantage might explain this preponderance of nasal over oral breathing during sleep. A randomised, single-blind, crossover design was used to compare upper airway resistance during sleep in the nasal and oral breathing conditions in 12 (seven male) healthy subjects with normal nasal resistance, aged 30±4 (mean±sem) yrs, and with a body mass index of 23±1 kg·m2. During wakefulness, upper airway resistance was similar between the oral and nasal breathing routes. However, during sleep (supine, stage two) upper airway resistance was much higher while breathing orally (median 12.4 cmH2O·L−1·s−1, range 4.5–40.2) than nasally (5.2 cmH2O·L−1·s−1, 1.7–10.8). In addition, obstructive (but not central) apnoeas and hypopnoeas were profoundly more frequent when breathing orally (apnoea-hypopnoea index 43±6) than nasally (1.5±0.5). Upper airway resistance during sleep and the propensity to obstructive sleep apnoea are significantly lower while breathing nasally rather than orally. This mechanical advantage may explain the preponderance of nasal breathing during sleep in normal subjects.
PRELIMINARY WAVELET ANALYSIS OF CIRCUM-ANTARCTIC ODP WELL LOGS AND SPLIT-CORE XRF SCANS FROM ODP SITE 697 CORES INFERS OBLIQUITY SIGNAL

Circum-Antarctic marine sediment archives in this study preserve late Pliocene and early Pleistocene depositional geochronology linked to continental erosional systems, and surface and bottom currents. Geophysical IODP/ODP down hole well logs from the Plio-Pleistocene offer the only available offshore (>100 km and ~3000 m water depth) marine sediment record for circum-Antarctic scientific ocean drilling sites. Even though recovered cores are commonly discontinuous, they can provide a higher resolution window into sedimentary process. Principal component analysis of XRF elemental counts from Weddell Sea ODP Leg 113 Site 697 split-cores reveals a dominant terrigenous elemental component, which may be linked to proximal ice erosional regimes. Wavelet analysis on both the well log and XRF datasets allows us to cross-calibrate proxies and identify 23, 41, and 100-kyr Milankovitch periodicities, with 41-kyr dominating. Wavelet analysis is also used to derive discretized linear sedimentation rates that agree with available IODP/ ODP paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic age models and imply spatiotemporal changes in Antarctic depositional history. Finally, the dominating obliquity signal in these offshore marine deposits provides evidence for coupling between nearshore glacial sequence stratigraphy.
[Evaluation of the fall-related trauma cases applied to our pediatric emergency department].

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the fall-related trauma cases who were admitted to our pediatric emergency unit. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the files of 161 cases (100 males [62.1%], 61 females [37.9%]) who had sustained falls and were admitted to our pediatric emergency unit. Data on the patients' age, sex, arrival type, type of fall, height fallen, type of injuries, radiological findings and hospitalization rates were investigated. RESULTS Of 161 cases mean age was 4.29+/-3.33 years and height fallen was 135+/-95 centimeters. The common types of fall were from furniture (35.4%), stairs (17.4%) and balconies and windows (11.2%). Major injuries included head trauma (84.4%), soft tissue (72.7%) and extremity (37.9%). Thirty cases (18.6%) were hospitalized, while 112 cases (69.6%) were treated as outpatient and 11.8% of them were discharged due to their own demand. CONCLUSION The majority of fall-related injuries in childhood mostly occurs in private houses and head trauma is the most frequent injury. To decrease the frequency of the fall injuries, strategies should include parents' education about the mechanism of falls and increase prevention strategies.
On implicit racial prejudice against infants

Because of the innocence and dependence of children, it would be reassuring to believe that implicit racial prejudice against out-group children is lower than implicit prejudice against out-group adults. Yet, prior research has not directly tested whether or not adults exhibit less spontaneous prejudice toward child targets than adult targets. Three studies addressed this issue, contrasting adults with very young child targets. Studies 1A and B revealed that participants belonging to an ethnic majority group (White Europeans) showed greater spontaneous favorability toward their ethnic in-group than toward an ethnic out-group (South Asians), and this prejudice emerged equally for infant and adult targets. Study 2 found that this pattern occurred even when race was not a salient dimension of categorization in the implicit measure. Thus, there was a robust preference for in-group children over out-group children, and there was no evidence that this prejudice is weaker than that exhibited toward adults.
Related terms search based on WordNet / Wiktionary and its application in Ontology Matching

A set of ontology matching algorithms (for finding correspondences between concepts) is based on a thesaurus that provides the source data for the semantic distance calculations. In this wiki era, new resources may spring up and improve this kind of semantic search. In the paper a solution of this task based on Russian Wiktionary is compared to WordNet based algorithms. Metrics are estimated using the test collection, containing 353 English word pairs with a relatedness score assigned by human evaluators. The experiment shows that the proposed method is capable in principle of calculating a semantic distance between pair of words in any language presented in Russian Wiktionary. The calculation of Wiktionary based metric had required the development of the open-source Wiktionary parser software.
The use of learning styles in adaptive hypermedia

Computer-based learning has become a common phenomenon in the modern age. Many distance-learning systems distribute educational resources on the Internet and indeed entire study programmes are now widely available online. Such a large amount of content and information can be intimidating to learners, who may exhibit different individual characteristics, such as variation in goals, interests, motivation and/or learning preferences. This suggests that a uniform approach taken by learning environments to deliver materials and resources to students is not appropriate and that personalisation of such materials/resources should address users' differences to provide a customised learning experience, thus enhancing its effectiveness, lowering drop-out rates and maintaining high student motivation. This thesis addresses the latter issue of learning preferences, specifically investigating learning styles as an adaptation mechanism for personalised computer-based learning. A number of previous studies indicated the positive effect that this kind of adaptation provides, but under closer examination these were not conducted in a scientifically rigorous manner and thus their findings are somewhat limited. This research utilises a quantitative and highly objective approach to investigate visual/verbal and sequential/global learning styles in different user groups. Three user trials were carried out to discover whether there were any benefits to using these learning styles for studying in an adapted environment. Overall, no statistically significant benefits were found and these findings now shed doubt as to whether learning styles are indeed an effective mechanism for personalised learning.
Effect of Maternal Smoking Cessation Before and During Early Pregnancy on Fetal and Childhood Growth

Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a major cause of intrauterine growth restriction and childhood obesity, but only a few studies have examined the association of smoking cessation before and during pregnancy with fetal and childhood growth. We examined this association in a prospective cohort study in Japan. Methods Our study included children born between 1991 and 2006 and their mothers. Using a questionnaire, maternal smoking status was recorded at pregnancy. The anthropometric data of the children were collected during a medical check-up at age 3 years. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used for data analysis stratified by sex. Results In total, 2663 mothers reported their smoking status during early pregnancy, and data were collected from 2230 (83.7%) children at age 3 years. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a significant reduction in birth weight (approximately 120–150 g). Body mass index at age 3 years was significantly higher among boys born to smoking mothers than among boys born to nonsmoking mothers. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with overweight at age 3 years among boys (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.03–5.4). However, among women who stopped smoking in early pregnancy, there was no increase in the risks of a small for gestational age birth or childhood overweight at age 3 years. Conclusions Children born to mothers who stopped smoking before or during early pregnancy had appropriate fetal and childhood growth.
Clinical Aspects of Substance Abuse in Persons with Schizophrenia

Objective: To review the current knowledge on the problem of psychoactive substance abuse by persons with schizophrenia, with particular attention to issues of direct relevance to clinical practice. Method: The author examined the literature from the last 2 decades and data from studies in which he was involved. Results: Schizophrenia sufferers show an elevated liability for substance abuse. Such comorbidity may derive from self-medication attempts, a common neuropathology for addiction and schizophrenia, the psychotogenic properties of certain drugs, or the influence of environmental factors. Among schizophrenia patients receiving treatment, substance misuse is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer therapeutic response. The presence of a chronic psychosis impedes treatment of the substance problem in traditional, nonpsychiatric addiction programs. Better outcomes are observed in integrated therapy services, where patients receive appropriate care for both conditions. Conclusion: Dual-pathology patients need comprehensive care with appropriate pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions. This treatment can be best provided within the context of a continuing care psychiatric service.
Glycosylation Alters Steady-State Inactivation of Sodium Channel Nav1.9/NaN in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Is Developmentally Regulated

Na channel NaN (Nav1.9) produces a persistent TTX-resistant (TTX-R) current in small-diameter neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia. Nav1.9-specific antibodies react in immunoblot assays with a 210 kDa protein from the membrane fractions of adult DRG and trigeminal ganglia. The size of the immunoreactive protein is in close agreement with the predicted Nav1.9 theoretical molecular weight of 201 kDa, suggesting limited glycosylation of this channel in adult tissues. Neonatal rat DRG membrane fractions, however, contain an additional higher molecular weight immunoreactive protein. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis did not show additional longer transcripts that could encode the larger protein. Enzymatic deglycosylation of the membrane preparations converted both immunoreactive proteins into a single faster migrating band, consistent with two states of glycosylation of Nav1.9. The developmental change in the glycosylation state of Nav1.9 is paralleled by a developmental change in the gating of the persistent TTX-R Na+ current attributable to Nav1.9 in native DRG neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp analysis demonstrates that the midpoint of steady-state inactivation is shifted 7 mV in a hyperpolarized direction in neonatal (postnatal days 0–3) compared with adult DRG neurons, although there is no significant difference in activation. Pretreatment of neonatal DRG neurons with neuraminidase causes an 8 mV depolarizing shift in the midpoint of steady-state inactivation of Nav1.9, making it indistinguishable from that of adult DRG neurons. Our data show that extensive glycosylation of rat Nav1.9 is developmentally regulated and changes a critical property of this channel in native neurons.
Community-Based Active Tuberculosis Case Finding in Poor Urban Settlements of Phnom Penh, Cambodia: A Feasible and Effective Strategy

Background In light of the limitations of the current case finding strategies and the global urgency to improve tuberculosis (TB) case-detection, a renewed interest in active case finding (ACF) has risen. The WHO calls for more evidence on innovative ways of TB screening, especially from low-income countries, to inform global guideline development. We aimed to assess the feasibility of community-based ACF for TB among the urban poor in Cambodia and determine its impact on case detection, treatment uptake and outcome. Methods Between 9/2/2012-31/3/2013 the Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE conducted a door-to-door survey for TB in deprived communities of Phnom Penh. TB workers and community health volunteers performed symptom screening, collected sputum and facilitated specimen transport to the laboratories. Fluorescence microscopy was introduced at three referral hospitals. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) was performed at tertiary level for individuals at increased risk of HIV-associated, drug-resistant or smear-negative TB. Mobile phone/short message system (SMS) was used for same-day issuing of positive results. TB workers contacted diagnosed patients and referred them for care at their local health centre. Results In 14 months, we screened 315.874 individuals; we identified 12.201 aged ≥15 years with symptoms suggestive of TB; 84% provided sputum. We diagnosed 783, including 737 bacteriologically confirmed, TB cases. Xpert testing yielded 41% and 48% additional diagnoses among presumptive HIV-associated and multidrug-resistant TB cases, respectively. The median time from sputum collection to notification (by SMS) of the first positive (microscopy or Xpert) result was 3 days (IQR 2–6). Over 94% commenced TB treatment and 81% successfully completed it. Conclusion Our findings suggest that among the urban poor ACF for TB, using a sensitive symptom screen followed by smear-microscopy and targeted Xpert, contributed to improved case detection of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB, shortening the diagnostic delay, and successfully bringing patients into care.
Hypoglycemia-induced Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Secretion in Intact Female Rhesus Macaques: Role of Vasopressin and Endogenous Opioids

The first objective of this study was to determine whether insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) inhibits LH secretion in unrestrained female macaques during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. There was a consistent inhibitory effect of hypoglycemia on LH secretion within 3 h in these females. This inhibition was likely an indirect effect since low glucose levels did not inhibit GnRH secretion from GT1-1 neurones in vitro. We next investigated whether administration of a vasopressin antagonist (AVPa) either alone, or with naloxone could reverse the IIH-induced inhibition of LH release. Females were studied in the follicular phase during 10 h periods with blood samples collected every 10 min. Experimental groups were IIH ( n =6), IIH+AVPa ( n =5) and IIH+AVPa+naloxone ( n =4). The first 5 h of each study served as a control and hypoglycemia was then induced with insulin. The AVPa was given as a bolus (180 w g) just before the insulin and was followed by a continuous infusion (180 w g/h) for 5 h. Naloxone (5 mg/kg) was given with the AVPa and followed by a continuous infusion (5 mg/kg/h) for 5 h. In the IIH group, LH reached its lowest value 3-4 h after insulin. Neither AVPa nor AVPa+naloxone infusion reversed the inhibitory action of hypoglycemia on LH release. These data suggest that if there are inhibitory actions of vasopressin and endogenous opioids on GnRH release induced by hypoglycemia, they are not sufficient to explain the suppression of GnRH/LH release in intact female primates.
Arginase-II Promotes Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Release From Pancreatic Acinar Cells Causing β-Cell Apoptosis in Aging

Aging is associated with glucose intolerance. Arginase-II (Arg-II), the type-II L-arginine-ureahydrolase, is highly expressed in pancreas. However, its role in regulation of pancreatic β-cell function is not known. Here we show that female (not male) mice deficient in Arg-II (Arg-II−/−) are protected from age-associated glucose intolerance and reveal greater glucose induced-insulin release, larger islet size and β-cell mass, and more proliferative and less apoptotic β-cells compared with the age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. Moreover, Arg-II is mainly expressed in acinar cells and is upregulated with aging, which enhances p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation and release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Accordingly, conditioned medium of isolated acinar cells from old WT (not Arg-II−/−) mice contains higher TNF-α levels than the young mice and stimulates β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction, which are prevented by a neutralizing anti–TNF-α antibody. In acinar cells, our study demonstrates an age-associated Arg-II upregulation, which promotes TNF-α release through p38 MAPK leading to β-cell apoptosis, insufficient insulin secretion, and glucose intolerance in female rather than male mice.
Epidemiology of cervical cancer in Colombia

Worldwide, cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women, and the first or second most common in developing countries. Cervical cancer remains in Colombia the first cause of cancer mortality and the second cause of cancer incidence among women, despite the existence of screening programs during the last 3 decades. Bucaramanga, Manizales and Cali reported rates around 20 per 100,000and Pasto 27 per 100,000. The Cali cancer registry has reported a progressive decrease in the age standardized incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer over the past 40 years. Reasons for the decline in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are multiple and probably include: improvement in socio-economic conditions, decrease in parity rates and some effect of screening programs. Human papilloma Virus is the main cause of cervical cancer, HPV natural history studies have now revealed that HPVs are the commonest of the sexually transmitted infections in most populations. Most HPV exposures result in spontaneous clearance without clinical manifestations and only a small fraction of the infected persons, known as chronic or persistent carriers, will retain the virus and progress to precancerous and cancer. HPV 16 and 18 account for 70% of cervical cancer and the 8 most common types. (HPV 16, 18, 45, 33, 31, 52, 58 and 35) account for about 90% of cervical cancer. Case-control studies also allowed the identification of the following cofactors that acting together with HPV increase the risk of progression from HPV persistent infection to cervical cancer: tobacco, high parity, long term use of oral contraceptives and past infections with herpes simplex type 2 and Chlamydia trachomatis. The demonstration that infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is not only the main cause but also a necessary cause of cervical cancer has led to great advances in the prevention of this disease on two fronts: (i) Primary prevention by the use of prophylactic HPV vaccines; and (ii) secondary prevention by increasing the accuracy of cervical cancer screening.
Distributed Calibration of Smart Cameras

Localization in sensornets determines the location of sensor nodes, and allows applications to make geographically sensitive queries. Smart camera networks must not only be localized, but calibrated. Calibration goes beyond localization to include orientation and position information that is sufficiently fine-grained to allow fusion between overlapping camera views. This paper introduces Lighthouse, a distributed calibration system that allows wireless smart camera networks to obtain a unified coordinate system without manual configuration or additional hardware. The proposed technique uses stereo cameras to obtain robust 3D feature sets which are matched using incrementally built Geographic Hash Tables (GHTs). Lighthouse finds matches between cameras, even between distant cameras, without centralizing observations. Lighthouse also contributes several advancements in the cooperative creation of GHTs, including bootstrapping, topology determination, and consistent hashing for topology changes. Simulations indicate that Lighthouse significantly outperforms simpler matching schemes at all feature densities, and approximates the centralized solution in all but the most feature-poor environments.