Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in Reflex Blink-Rate during Visual-Motor Tasks

The influence of the performance of various tasks on the reflex blink rate has been investigated repeatedly, but the results obtained have been somewhat contradictory. More recently, it has been suggested that the reflex blink rate may be a considerable factor in the accuracy with which visual-motor tasks are performed. The aim of the present experiment was to attempt to obtain further evidence on both these questions. The experiment was carried out in two parts. The main part was done in the laboratory, while a validating experiment was carried out on the road. In the laboratory, subjects were required to steer a pencil along a moving track which varied in difficulty. The difficulty of the response was varied by using a direct control on some trials and a velocity control on others. Blink rate, errors, and control measurements were recorded throughout. In the road experiment, cine films were taken of the driver's eyes while driving in heavy traffic and in open country. The results of both experiments show: (a) That there are marked individual differences in blink rate, the relative order of which is maintained in spite of variations in the actual blink rate. (b) That there is no relationship between the accuracy with which a particular individual carries out a task of this sort and his blink rate. The rapid “blinker” is no more and no less likely to be accurate than the infrequeiit I “blinker. ” (c) That the actual blink rate for all individuals varies inversely with the difficulty of the task and the amount of control movement necessary. The blink rate decreases as the necessity for detailed visual control of movement increases. Blink rates when driving a car in heavy traffic, or when steering along an oscillating track, are considerably lower than when driving in open country or when following a straight track. (d) That the adjustment of the blink rate to the difficulty of the task is achieved not only by an alteration in overall blink rate, but also by a change in the distribution of blinking. The blink rate is approximately constant under constant conditions, but when the task is varying in difficulty, blinking occurs just before and just after periods of maximum difficulty, but is completely inhibited during the periods of maximum difficulty itself.
Toward explaining differences in educational achievement among Mexican American language-minority students

One major question confronting educational researchers and practitioners is why some minority students are successful in school and others are not. This study documented the extent of differences in educational achievement among a cohort of Mexican American language-minority students in a large, urban middle school and assessed them using two theoretical perspectives - socioeconomic and sociocultural - and a conceptual framework of the roles of social and academic behavior on educational achievement. Bilingual students who were fluent English proficient (FEP) had better grades and a higher rate of educational stability and were more likely to complete a quarter of their high school credits by the end of ninth grade than were students who were limited English proficient or from English-only backgrounds. These differences appear to be attributable to the social behavior of FEP students and other, unmeasured characteristics, which supports a sociocultural perspective of educational achievement
Trauma in Real Time: Talking and Avoiding Online Conversations About the Death of Princess Diana

Research on talking about trauma as a means of coping typically relies on retrospective self-reports. This study analyzed Internet chat room conversations about the death of Princess Diana for 4 weeks after her death to begin to map the ways people naturally talk about shared disasters and to seek evidence of social stages of coping. In the 1st hours and days, people exhibited high levels of personal and emotional responses to the loss of Diana. Linguistic analyses revealed strong evidence of collective shared grief in the 1st week, with a shift from greater levels of collective language to individual language after the 1st week. Ratings of the chat-room transcripts by judges revealed a shift from largely compassionate to largely hostile comments over the 4-week period. Advantages and complications of Internet chat rooms as a data source are considered.
A Retrospective Study on Infusion-Related Reactions to Rituximab in a Heterogeneous Pediatric Population.

OBJECTIVES To assess risks and outcomes of infusion-related reactions to rituximab in a heterogeneous pediatric population. METHODS All patients who received rituximab between July 2010 and July 2012 were retrieved from the pharmacy software and included for analysis. Data were collected according to 4 categories: demographic data, infusion data, infusion-related reactions, and biological data considered as risk factors (i.e., absolute lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase levels). RESULTS Sixty-seven patients treated for a total of 17 different indications were included. A total of 282 rituximab infusions were administered. Forty-three, mostly grade 1 or 2, infusion-related reactions occurred in 30 patients. Reactions occurred in 39.2% "first-dose" infusions, but this rate dropped drastically to 2.7% in subsequent doses. In multivariate analysis, high absolute lymphocyte count was the only risk factor for infusion-related reaction (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06; p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Rituximab infusion-related reactions in a heterogeneous pediatric population were frequent on first infusion, but rare in subsequent ones. Overall, these reactions were mild and manageable through pharmacological treatment. Patients with an elevated absolute lymphocyte count before infusion were at greater risk for an infusion-related reaction.
Using inference for evaluating models of temporal discourse

This paper addresses the problem of building and evaluating models of the temporal interpretation of a discourse in natural language. The extraction of temporal information is a complicated task as it is not limited to finding pieces of information at specific places in a text. A lot of temporal data is made of relations between events, or relations between events and dates. Building such information is highly context-dependent, taking into account information more than a sentence at a time. Moreover it is not clear what the target representation should be: the way it is done by human beings is still a subject of study in itself. It seems to require some sort of reasoning, either purely temporal or involving complex world knowledge. This is the reason why evaluating this task is also problematic when trying to design a system for it. We present a method for enriching the detection of event-to-event relations with a basic reasoning model that can be also used for helping to compare the extraction of temporal information by a system and by a human being. We have experimented with this method on a set of texts, comparing a very basic model of tense interpretation with a more complex model inspired by the Reichenbach 's well-known theory of narrative discourse.
Consumerism in medicine : challenging physician authority

Chapter One Power and Health Chapter Two Legitimative Power Chapter Three Gathering the Evidence Chapter Four The Realities of Public Challenge and Physician Responses Chapter Five Reasons Why -- The Public Chapter Six Reasons Why -- The Physicians Chapter Seven Consumerism and Physician Utilization Chapter Eight Identifying Consumerism's Effects Chapter Nine Consumerism in Medicine References Appendices
Making sense of careers through the lens of a path metaphor

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to understand how participants make sense of career through the lens of a path metaphor. Inkson's three types of career paths are used as a framework to determine whether the participants followed either a traditional and/or boundaryless career.Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on interviews with 59 men and women employed in the accounting profession in Australia. The participants were asked to describe their career development to date.Findings – During the interview the participants often used metaphoric language to describe their career development, especially “path”, “journey”, or “road” metaphors. Analysis of these career metaphors revealed that the participants experienced aspects of both a traditional and a boundaryless career. On the one hand, the professional structure of an accounting career required some participants to follow a more traditional career path, whilst, on the other hand, the increasing desire for a better work‐life balance .
Pointing in Stereoscopic Space

Movements in virtual stereoscopic space tend to be difficult and slow. To shed some light on the origins of these difficulties, we studied open-loop pointing with targets presented in a mirror stereoscope. Whilst targets were placed in a virtual horizontal plane, movement end-points were located in an inclined plane. The inclination of this plane was a stable individual characteristic. Amplitude errors gave no evidence of a contraction bias. Open-loop movements had fairly straight trajectories, but closed-loop movements were strongly curved so that they ended in a horizontal plane rather than in an inclined one. Effects of closed-loop movements on subsequent open-loop movements (calibration effects) were only small. These findings reveal that movements in a virtual environment exhibit a number of characteristics also seen in real environments, but in addition they reflect specific visual illusions. Extensive calibration procedures are needed to overcome such errors for the reliance on closed-loop control of pointing to be relaxed.
Safety and efficacy of baricitinib in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis

### Key messages #### What is already known about this subject? #### What does this study add? #### How might this impact on clinical practice? Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can begin at any age, but the prevalence increases with age. Active disease usually persists for years; many patients have initial symptoms after age 60.1 2 Elderly patients with RA often have comorbid diseases managed with multiple concomitant medications with the potential for changes in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which complicate therapeutic decisions.3 Moreover, there is a perception that medications may be less effective than in younger individuals and adverse effects more common and severe.4 5 One report suggests an increased risk in elderly patients for adverse events (AE) leading to discontinuation of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) in the treatment of RA, while other reports have not seen these effects.4 5 An analysis of Medicare beneficiaries with RA suggested that older patients were less likely to receive conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD) and therefore may not receive optimal treatment.6 Other reports have shown that responsiveness of elderly patients with RA to methotrexate (MTX) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors+MTX was similar to that observed in …
Crosslinguistic Computation and a Rhythm-based Classification

The classification of languages is an old issue but is most commonly guided by a genetic and/or areal perspective, or, when guided by the perspective of structural relationships, attempts for divisions on separate levels of linguistic description such as morphology or syntax. Our study, however, contributes to the alternative but “hopeful” program (Plank 1998) of a holistic typology relating phonological properties of languages with their morphological and syntactical properties. The whole set of mutually dependent, crosslinguistic correlations found in previous studies (Fenk & Fenk-Oczlon 1993, FenkOczlon & Fenk 1999) between the “size” of syllables in phonemes (A), of sentences in syllables (B) and in words (C), and of words in syllables (D) seems to indicate time-related constraints on sentence processing. Strong associations were also found between the metric property A (syllable complexity) and the non-metric property word order (X) and, as already in Greenberg, between X and adposition order (Y). These findings encouraged us to test the assumption of a correlation between Y and a further variable “number of cases” (Z). (Agglutinative morphology is often assumed to be associated with both, a high number of cases and postpositions.) The statistical examination (FenkOczlon & Fenk 2005) revealed a highly significant coefficient r(YZ) and an almost significant coefficient r(AZ). The comparison below, though not statistically corroborated in every detail, offers a synopsis of our results so far. It takes the speech rhythm as an anchor of typological distinction (as did Auer 1993 within phonology) and as a determinant of a pattern of variation affecting all linguistic levels: phonology, morphology, and syntax. stress-timed rhythm syllable-timed rhythm metric properties: metric properties: high n of phonemes per syllable low n of phonemes per syllable low n of syllables per clause high n of syllables per clause low n of syllables per word high n of syllables per word high n of words per clause low n of words per clause non-metric properties: non-metric properties: fusional or isolating morphology agglutinative morphology VO order OV order tendency to prepositions tendency to postpositions low n of cases high n of cases cumulative case exponents separatist case exponents
Strategies for assessing cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic populations

Recent articles in Heart by Lawson et al and an editorial by Zaman and Jones have ignited a debate as to the best method of identifying people with high cardiovascular risk in the population.1 2 Zaman and Jones confuse this debate by referring back to the Rose dilemma—that is, whether to concentrate on whole populations or merely those at high risk and also by inferring that the only intervention available is prescription of a statin.3 …
Judgments of Physical Attractiveness

The relative and combined influences of faces and bodies on judgments of physical attractiveness were assessed in a factorial design crossing 3 levels (high, moderate, and low) of face and body attractiveness. Based on preratings, 3 sets of slides were created that super imposed faces onto bodies. A second sample of subjects then rated these 27 slides (3 faces X 3 bodies X 3 sets) on physical attractiveness, intelligence, sociability, and morality. Strong effects of both face and body on attractiveness ratings were obtained. In addition, a significant interaction was obtained between faces and bodies on ratings of physical attractiveness. Faces significantly influenced ratings of intelligence, sociability, and morality, whereas bodies had a significant effect on ratings of intelligence and sociability.
General practitioners and alternative medicine.

and Matheson (December Journal, p.555) for having prominently advertised the presence of video equipment in their surgery, stating that this may have led to undue anxiety among patients and a higher refusal rate. Surely our priority in general practice is our patients' health not their television performances? I pointed out in 1985' that there was at least one alternative interpretation of the statistics being presented in support of the use of video recordings, and also expressed concern at the methods being used to obtain patients' consent. Servant and Matheson's paper confirms my fears and surely indicates that much greater care should be exercised in designing an acceptable protocol for the use of video recording, that is, unless we want to see today's patient having to carry an Equity card.
Analysis of HIV-1 pol sequences using Bayesian Networks: implications for drug resistance

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) antiviral resistance is a major cause of antiviral therapy failure and compromises future treatment options. As a consequence, resistance testing is the standard of care. Because of the high degree of HIV-1 natural variation and complex interactions, the role of resistance mutations is in many cases insufficiently understood. We applied a probabilistic model, Bayesian networks, to analyze direct influences between protein residues and exposure to treatment in clinical HIV-1 protease sequences from diverse subtypes. We can determine the specific role of many resistance mutations against the protease inhibitor nelfinavir, and determine relationships between resistance mutations and polymorphisms. We can show for example that in addition to the well-known major mutations 90M and 30N for nelfinavir resistance, 88S should not be treated as 88D but instead considered as a major mutation and explain the subtype-dependent prevalence of the 30N resistance pathway.
Seasonal Training Load Distribution of Professional Futsal Players: Effects on Physical Fitness, Muscle Damage and Hormonal Status

Abstract Miloski, B, de Freitas, VH, Nakamura, FY, de A Nogueira, FC, and Bara-Filho, MG. Seasonal training load distribution of professional futsal players: effects on physical fitness, muscle damage and hormonal status. J Strength Cond Res 30(6): 1525–1533, 2016—The aims of the present study were to describe the training load (TL) distribution of a professional futsal team and verify its subsequent effects on physical performance, muscle damage, and hormonal status. Twelve male professional futsal players (24.3 ± 4.7 years old; 75.5 ± 7.7 kg; and 173.4 ± 4.5 cm) participated in this study. A training program of 22 weeks (6 weeks of pre-season and 16 weeks of in-season) was analyzed. The session rating of perceived exertion method was used to monitor TLs. Physical tests (PTs; countermovement jump (CMJ), 5- and 20-m sprint, T-test, and multistage 20-m shuttle-run tests) were performed 4 times throughout the season (PT1–PT4). Blood sample (BS) collection (Creatine kinase [CK], testosterone, and cortisol) was performed in 7 occasions (BS1–BS7). TLs were higher in pre-season compared to in-season (p < 0.001). Countermovement jumps (CMJs) and 5- and 20-m performances were better in PT3 (CMJ: 0/23/77, 5-m: 0/3/97, and 20-m: 0/1/99) and PT4 (CMJ: 0/8/92, 5- and 20-m: 0/0/100) than in PT1; T-test performance and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max was better in all moments compared with those of PT1 (0/0/100). Higher CK concentration (p = 0.03) and testosterone to cortisol (T:C) ratio values (p = 0.02) were detected in BS2 vs. BS1. An increase in C (p = 0.007) and a decrease in T:C ratio (p = 0.003) was observed from BS4 to BS5. The training program demonstrated higher TLs during the periods with low incidence of matches, emphasis on endurance and strength training during pre-season, speed and power training throughout in-season. This TL organization provides sufficient stimulus for appropriate physical fitness development in professional futsal players, without causing negative disturbances.
Theoretical determinants of condom use intentions for vaginal sex with a regular partner among male and female injecting drug users

The factors influencing 90 male and 42 female injecting drug users' (N = 132) intentions to always use a condom while having vaginal sex with a regular partner were analyzed. For male IDUs, the partner norm (beta = 0.40), the mean of the weighted control beliefs (beta = 0.26), attitude (beta = 0.22) and perceived behavioural control (beta = 0.15) were important predictors of intention (R = 0.81). In contrast, for female IDUs, only the partner norm emerged as an independent predictor of intention (R = 0.72). Thus interventions directed at female IDUs will be most effective if they change the women's beliefs that 'my regular partner thinks we should always use condoms for vaginal sex'. For male IDUs, two behavioural beliefs and two control beliefs were identified as critical targets for an intervention: the behavioural beliefs that consistent condom use would make me feel more relaxed and cleaner, and the control beliefs concerning the regular partner's openness to condom use and the likelihood that she would suggest using them.
1option Pricing with V. G. Martingale Components

European call options are priced when the uncertainty driving the stock price follows the V. G. stochastic process (Madan and Seneta 1990). the incomplete markets equilibrium change of measure is approximated and identified using the log return mean, variance, and kurtosis. an exact equilibrium interpretation is also provided, allowing inference about relative risk aversion coefficients from option prices. Relative to Black-Scholes, V. G. option values are higher, particularly so for out of the money options with long maturity on stocks with high means, low variances, and high kurtosis.
Sizing of inhomogeneous particles by a differential laser Doppler anemometer

A particle moving across the interference pattern of two intersecting laser beams scatters the incident light with a temporal variation that enables the calculation of particle velocity. This idea was realized in laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). By recording the light scattering pattern with a fast line scan sensor, the spatial modulation of the signal is also detected. This yields, in addition to particle velocity, information about the size and morphology of the particle. This is the working principle of a new measuring device presented in this paper, the differential laser Doppler anemometer (DLDA). The theoretical background, principle of data evaluation and first experimental results of water and emulsion droplets and of glass beads are described.
Enterotoxigenic potential of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from dairy products at different incubation temperatures

Twenty-three Bacillus cereus strains isolated from powdered and pasteurized milk carrying the hblACD genes were assessed to evaluate their ability to produce the hemolysin BL enterotoxin (HBL) when incubated at 30oC and 10oC. All strains showed enterotoxigenic potential at 30oC and nine strains (39%) produced the toxin at 10oC. The results indicated that the expression of the hblACD genes and the subsequent production of the enterotoxin HBL were directly influenced by the incubation temperature. The contamination of dairy products by B. cereus with genetic potential to produce enterotoxins represents an important concern for the industry.
Identification of a New Rice Blast Resistance Gene, Pid3, by Genomewide Comparison of Paired Nucleotide-Binding Site–Leucine-Rich Repeat Genes and Their Pseudogene Alleles Between the Two Sequenced Rice Genomes

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases. The two major subspecies of Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), indica and japonica, have shown obvious differences in rice blast resistance, but the genomic basis that underlies the difference is not clear. We performed a genomewide comparison of the major class of resistant gene family, the nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS–LRR) gene family, between 93-11 (indica) and Nipponbare (japonica) with a focus on their pseudogene members. We found great differences in either constitution or distribution of pseudogenes between the two genomes. According to this comparison, we designed the PCR-based molecular markers specific to the Nipponbare NBS–LRR pseudogene alleles and used them as cosegregation markers for blast susceptibility in a segregation population from a cross between a rice blast-resistant indica variety and a susceptible japonica variety. Through this approach, we identified a new blast resistance gene, Pid3, in the indica variety, Digu. The allelic Pid3 loci in most of the tested japonica varieties were identified as pseudogenes due to a nonsense mutation at the nucleotide position 2208 starting from the translation initiation site. However, this mutation was not found in any of the tested indica varieties, African cultivated rice varieties, or AA genome-containing wild rice species. These results suggest that the pseudogenization of Pid3 in japonica occurred after the divergence of indica and japonica.