Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of nurse caring behaviors as perceived by patients receiving care at an emergency department.

BACKGROUND Increased workload at the emergency department (ED) and the shortage of nurses may leave some patients without proper care. The importance of patients' perceptions of caring is vital when organizing nursing practice under such circumstances. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to identify which nurse caring behaviors are perceived by patients in an ED as important indicators of caring. The nurse caring behaviors were categorized in terms of relative importance with respect to demographic variables and perceived illness. Watson's theory of caring was used as a theoretic framework for this quantitative and descriptive study. METHOD A 61-item questionnaire designed on the basis of Cronin and Harrison's Caring Behaviors Assessment tool, which reflected the 10 carative factors of Watson's theory, was mailed to 300 ED patients. The response rate was 60.7%. RESULTS Results showed that subjects scored the items "Know what they are doing", "Know when it is necessary to call the doctor", "Know how to give shots, IVs, etc.", and "Know how to handle equipment" as the most important nurse caring behaviors. The subscale "human needs assistance" was ranked highest. CONCLUSION In line with several previous studies, subjects considered clinical competence to be the most important nurse caring behavior, which further emphasizes the notion of caring as a moral stance integral to all interactions with patients.
Impact of Nutritional Supplementation and a Psychomotor Program on Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

This study aims to evaluate the impact of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) and a psychomotor rehabilitation program on nutritional and functional status of community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A 21-day prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted and third intervention group performed a psychomotor rehabilitation program. Patients were followed up for 180 days. Mean (standard deviation) score of Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) increased both in the nutritional supplementation group (NSG; n = 25), 0.4 (0.8), and in the nutritional supplementation psychomotor rehabilitation program group (NSPRG; n = 11), 1.5 (1.0), versus −0.1 (1.1) in the control group (CG; n = 43), P < . 05. Further improvements at 90-day follow-up for MNA in NSG: 1.3 (1.2) and NSPRG: 1.6 (1.0) versus 0.3 (1.7) in CG (P < .05) were observed. General linear model analysis showed that the NSG and NSPRG ▵MNA score improved after intervention, at 21 days and 90 days, was independent of the MNA and Mini-Mental State Examination scores at baseline (Ps > .05). The ONS and a psychomotor rehabilitation program have a positive impact on long-term nutritional and functional status of patients with AD.
a 2 + release induced by cADP-ribose is mediated by FKBP 12 . 6 proteins in mouse ladder smooth muscle

We examined the role and molecular mechanism of cADPR action on Ca2+ spark properties in mouse bladder smooth muscle. Dialysis of cADPR with patch pipettes increased frequency and amplitude of spontaneous transient out currents (STOCs) to 6.1 ± 0.87 currents/min from 1.2 ± 0.36 currents/min (control) and to 179.8 ± 48.7 pA from 36.4 ± 22.6 pA (control), respectively, in wildtype (WT) cells, and the effects of cADPR on STOCs were significantly blocked by JVT-591, a RYR2 stabilizer. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in FKBP12.6 null cells. Further studies indicated that Ca2+ spark properties were altered by cADPR in WT but not FKBP12.6 null cells, namely, Ca2+ spark frequency was increased by about 3.4-fold, peak Ca2+ (F/F0) increased to 1.72 ± 0.57 from 1.56 ± 0.13, size increased to 2.86 ± 0.26 M from 1.92 ± 0.14 M, rise time and half-time decay were prolonged 1.6-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively, in WT cells. Furthermore, in the presence of thapsigargin cADPR still altered Ca2+ spark properties, and 2+ cADPR increased F/F0 without affecting Ca spark decay time in voltage clamping cells. Dissociation studies demonstrated that application of cADPR resulted in significant removal of FKBP12.6 proteins from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) microsomes, and that treatment of the RyR2 immunoprecipitation complexes with cADPR or FK506 disrupted the interaction between RyR2 and FKBP12.6. Finally, cADPR altered SR Ca2+ load in WT myocytes but not in FKBP12.6-null myocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca2+ release induced by cADPR is mediated by FKBP12.6 proteins in mouse bladder smooth muscle.
Lapatinib increases motility of triple-negative breast cancer cells by decreasing miRNA-7 and inducing Raf-1/MAPK-dependent interleukin-6

Lapatinib, a dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been approved for HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, its inhibitory effect on EGFR did not deliver clinical benefits for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients even EGFR overexpression was frequently found in this disease. Moreover, lapatinib was unexpectedly found to enhance metastasis of TNBC cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we explored that the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was elevated in lapatinib-treated TNBC cells. Treatment with IL-6 antibody abolished the lapatinib-induced migration. Mechanistically, the signaling axis of Raf-1/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), p38 MAPK, and activator protein 1 (AP-1) was activated in response to lapatinib treatment to induce IL-6 expression. Furthermore, our data showed that microRNA-7 directly binds and inhibits Raf-1 3′UTR activity, and that down-regulation of miR-7 by lapatinib contributes to the activation of Raf-1 signaling pathway and the induction of IL-6 expression. Our results not only revealed IL-6 as a key regulator of lapatinib-induced metastasis, but also explored the requirement of miR7/Raf-1/MAPK/AP-1 axis in lapatinib-induced IL-6 expression.
Detecting privacy violations in database publishing using disjoint queries

We present a new method of detecting privacy violations in the context of database publishing. Our method defines a published view V to preserve the privacy of a secret query Q if V and Q return no tuples in common, over all possible database instances. We then establish necessary and sufficient conditions that characterize when V preserves the privacy of Q in terms of the projected inequalities in the queries, both for conjunctive queries and queries with negation. We also show that integrity constraints have an effect on privacy, and derive a test for ensuring privacy preservation in the presence of FD constraints. The issue of privacy preservation in the presence of multiple views is investigated, and we show that it can reduced to the single view case for a suitably chosen view.
Rapid Word Learning Under Uncertainty via Cross-Situational Statistics

There are an infinite number of possible word-to-word pairings in naturalistic learning environments. Previous proposals to solve this mapping problem have focused on linguistic, social, representational, and attentional constraints at a single moment. This article discusses a cross-situational learning strategy based on computing distributional statistics across words, across referents, and, most important, across the co-occurrences of words and referents at multiple moments. We briefly exposed adults to a set of trials that each contained multiple spoken words and multiple pictures of individual objects; no information about word-picture correspondences was given within a trial. Nonetheless, over trials, subjects learned the word-picture mappings through cross-trial statistical relations. Different learning conditions varied the degree of within-trial reference uncertainty, the number of trials, and the length of trials. Overall, the remarkable performance of learners in various learning conditions suggests that they calculate cross-trial statistics with sufficient fidelity and by doing so rapidly learn word-referent pairs even in highly ambiguous learning contexts.
Evaluation of a state health insurance program for low-income children: implications for state child health insurance programs.

BACKGROUND The State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) is the largest public investment in child health care in 30 years, targeting 11 million uninsured children, yet little is known about the impact of health insurance on uninsured children. In 1991, New York State implemented Child Health Plus (CHPlus), a health insurance program that became a model for SCHIP: OBJECTIVE To examine changes in access to care, utilization of services, and quality of care among children enrolled in CHPlus. DESIGN A pre-post design was used to evaluate the health care experiences of children in the year before enrollment in CHPlus and during the year after CHPlus enrollment. SETTING New York State, stratified into 4 regions: New York City, urban counties around New York City, upstate urban counties, and upstate rural counties. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2126 children (0-12.99 years of age) who enrolled in CHPlus in 1992-1993. DATA COLLECTION Parents were interviewed by telephone, and primary care medical charts were reviewed for 694 children (0-3. 99 years of age). ANALYSIS Access, utilization, and quality of care measures for each child were compared for the year before and the year after CHPlus enrollment, controlling for age, geographic region, previous insurance coverage, and CHPlus plan type (indemnity or managed care). RESULTS Enrollment in CHPlus was associated with fewer children lacking a medical home (5% before CHPlus vs 1% during CHPlus), with the greatest change occurring in New York City (11% vs 1%), where access before CHPlus was lowest. CHPlus was also associated with increased primary care visits: by 25% for preventive visits, by 52% for acute visits, and by 42% for total visits. The number of specialists seen during CHPlus was more than twice as high than before CHPlus. CHPlus was not associated with changes in emergency department utilization, although hospitalizations, which were not covered by CHPlus, were 36% lower during CHPlus coverage. Use of public health departments for immunizations declined by 64%, with more immunizations delivered in the medical home during CHPlus coverage. One third of parents reported improved quality of health care for their child as a result of CHPlus, and virtually none noted worse quality of care. CONCLUSIONS This statewide health insurance program for low-income children was associated with improved access, utilization, and quality of care, suggesting that SCHIP has the potential to improve health care for low-income American children.
A national target for reducing suicide

Editor—Hawton’s editorial emphasises the importance of continuing to set national targets to reduce the rate of suicide.1 We were surprised, however, by the groups that were selected as being particularly at risk of suicide and therefore as requiring special attention. We agree that the rise in the rate of suicide in young men, both nationally and internationally, is of considerable concern. Suicide rates in men over 75 are still, however, the highest in any demographic group. Although it is difficult to predict future changes in rates of suicide accurately, evidence from birth cohort analyses suggest that rates of suicide in older people will increase.2 Targeted approaches for reducing suicide in older people would include optimising the management of pain and disability and reducing handicap and social isolation. Among people who deliberately harm themselves, older people are even more likely than younger people to die by suicide.3 Casualty and primary care staff should therefore be particularly alert to older people in this category. Self poisoning is the most commonly used method of suicide in older people. Limiting the availability of analgesics and other drugs in those known to be at risk of self harm is therefore a central concern. Finally, we agree with Hawton that the Samaritans should continue to receive support. For the first time, contacts with people aged over 60 now make up 8% of calls to the Samaritans—that is, one new call every 15 minutes in the United Kingdom.4 In Singapore, the Samaritans offer a toll free telephone line for distressed elderly people, and the effectiveness of this service, although difficult to show, is being monitored.
Nutrition in Crohn disease

Nutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis, treatment, and morbidity of Crohn disease. Approximately two thirds to three fourths of hospitalized patients with active disease and one fourth of outpatients with Crohn disease are malnourished. Malnutrition, which can be present even when Crohn disease is in remission, can affect growth, cellular and humoral immunity, bone density, and wound healing. Decreased nutrient intake, malabsorption, drug–nutrient interactions, anorexia, and protein-losing enteropathy can all contribute to the protein-calorie malnutrition and other specific nutrient deficiencies seen in Crohn disease. Therefore, by preventing and correcting nutrient deficiencies, nutritional therapy is an important component in the overall management of patients with Crohn disease.
Sustained in vivo regression of Dunning H rat prostate cancers treated with combinations of androgen ablation and Trk tyrosine kinase inhibitors, CEP-751 (KT-6587) or CEP-701 (KT-5555).

The indolocarbazole analogue CEP-751 is a potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the neurotrophin-specific trk receptors that has demonstrated antitumor activity in nine different models of prostate cancer growth in vivo. In the slow-growing, androgen-sensitive Dunning H prostate cancers, which express trk receptors, CEP-751 induced transient regressions independent of effects on cell cycle. Because androgen ablation is the most commonly used treatment for prostate cancer, we examined whether the combination treatment of CEP-751 with castration would lead to better antitumor efficacy than either treatment alone. For a 60-day period, H tumor-bearing rats received treatment with either castration, CEP-751 (10 mg/kg once a day s.c. for 5 days every 2 weeks), a combination of both, or vehicle. Castration caused tumor regression, followed by tumor regrowth in 4-6 weeks, whereas intermittent CEP-751 treatments resulted in tumor regressions during each treatment, which were followed by a period of regrowth between intermittent drug treatment cycles. Overall, both monotherapies significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the vehicle-treated control group. However, the combination of castration and concomitant CEP-751 produced the most dramatic results: sigificantly greater tumor regression than either therapy alone, with no signs of regrowth. A related experiment using an orally administered CEP-751 analogue (CEP-701), as the trk inhibitor, and a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist, Leuprolide, to induce androgen ablation demonstrated similar results, indicating that these effects could be generalized to other forms of androgen ablation and other trk inhibitors within this class. In addition, when CEP-701 was given sequentially to rats bearing H tumors, which were progressing in the presence of continuous androgen ablation induced by Leuprolide, regression of the androgen-independent tumors occurred. In summary, these data demonstrate that CEP-751 or CEP-701, when combined with surgically or chemically induced androgen ablation, offer better antitumor efficacy than either monotherapy and suggest that each therapy produces prostate cancer cell death through complementary mechanisms.
Density and variability of dinucleotide microsatellites in the parthenogenetic polyploid snail Melanoides tuberculata

Characterization of microsatellites in the parthenogenetic polyploid snail Melanoides tuberculata revealed an unusual high density of dinucleotide repeats. Multiple banding patterns were obtained at these loci, and interpreted as a consequence of polyploidy. Microsatellite variability was low within, but high between, shell morphotypes. Genotypes were wholly transmitted from mothers to offspring. These results suggest that reproduction is strictly apomictic, and that shell morphotypes are genetic clones.
Mechanism of Human Papillomavirus Binding to Human Spermatozoa and Fertilizing Ability of Infected Spermatozoa

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are agents of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in females and males. Precise data about the presence, mechanism of infection and clinical significance of HPV in the male reproductive tract and especially in sperm are not available. Here we show that HPV can infect human sperm, it localizes at the equatorial region of sperm head through interaction between the HPV capsid protein L1 and syndecan-1. Sperm transfected with HPV E6/E7 genes and sperm exposed to HPV L1 capsid protein are capable to penetrate the oocyte and transfer the virus into oocytes, in which viral genes are then activated and transcribed. These data show that sperm might function as vectors for HPV transfer into the oocytes, and open new perspectives on the role of HPV infection in males and are particularly intriguing in relation to assisted reproduction techniques.
Nutrition and public hygiene among children under five years of age in Mukuru slums of Makadara Division, Nairobi.

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between sanitation and malnutrition among children below five years. DESIGN A random sampling followed by an experimental design on microbiological analysis of food and water samples. SETTING Mukuru slums of Makadara division in Nairobi City. SUBJECTS Eighty food and thirty water samples from households within the study area were used. RESULTS Poor food and personal hygiene were observed within the households in the study area. Most of the respondents did not practice hygienic methods during food handling such as washing hands and vegetables before preparation. Food especially the leftovers was served at ambient temperatures. Sneezing and coughing over food during preparation were also a common practice which exposed consumers to contamination, Garbage disposal and proper drainage were also poor deepening on the sanitation problem. Microbiological analysis of water and food revealed that food and water quality were poor due to the high coliform counts and confirmed presence of Escherichia coli (E-coli) and Salmonella spp. pathogens which are known causes of diarrhoea in children under five years of age. CONCLUSION Poor hygienic and unsanitary practices are major causes of diarrhoea, hence malnutrition in crowded Mukuru slums of Nairobi City.
Understanding Reversals of Association between Cancer Screening and Race/Ethnicity

Background: We used a composite variable composed of insurance status, income, and race/ethnicity to investigate access-enhancing programs as a possible reason for “reversals of association” and large percent changes (LPC), between race/ethnicity and cancer screening, when comparing the unadjusted and adjusted ORs. Methods: Data were from women aged 40–64 years, using the combined 2008 and 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Recent mammography was within the past 2 years, and recent Pap testing was within the past 3 years. Initial analyses using all variables singly were followed by analyses that used the composite variable with the remaining covariates. Results: Analyses with race/ethnicity singly indicated reversals of association for Hispanic women and higher estimated screening for black and Hispanic women than for white women. Analyses with the composite variable found no reversals of association, but there were several LPCs for Hispanic and black women, for lower income, and for uninsured women. White, uninsured, lower income women were among those with the lowest utilization. Conclusions: Results were consistent with the possibility that access-enhancing programs for lower income, uninsured and often non-white women can lead to overestimates of screening, reversals of association, and LPCs in multivariable analyses. Attention should be given to identifying LPCs to unadjusted ORs. Lower income, uninsured, white women are also a group at risk of extremely low mammography and Pap test utilization. Impact: Combining variables to create better-targeted population subgroups may help in the interpretation of analyses that produce reversals of association and LPCs for correlates of cancer screening utilization. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(9); 1450–7. ©2012 AACR.
Evidence of a Non-Linear Dose-Response Relationship between Training Load and Stress Markers in Elite Female Futsal Players.

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS to describe typical training load (TL) carried out by a professional female futsal team for a period of 5 weeks; and to verify the relationship between TL, stress symptoms, salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels, and symptoms of upper respiratory infections (URI). Over 45 sessions, the TL of the athletes was monitored daily by means of session-RPE method during the in-season period prior to the main national competition. Stress symptoms were measured weekly by means of the "Daily Analysis of Life Demands in Athletes Questionnaire" (DALDA), SIgA levels, and by symptoms of URI by the "Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21" (WURSS). There was a significant increase in TL, monotony, and training strain in week 3, with a concomitant and significant reduction in percentage variation (Δ%) of SIgA concentration and secretion rate (p < 0.05). Additionally, a second order regression model showed a high goodness of fit (R(2) = 0.64 - 0.89) between TL and strain with SIgA concentration, secretion rate, and "worse than normal" responses of stress symptoms from the questionnaire. In conclusion, a link between TL and SIgA levels, and stress symptoms in female futsal players was evident in a non linear fashion. There appears to be an optimal range of values of daily TL between ~343 and ~419 AU and strain between ~2639 and 3060 AU, because at levels below and above these values there was an increase in stress symptoms and above ~435 and ~3160 AU to TL and strain there were a decrease in SIgA levels. In contrast, symptoms of URI failed to demonstrate relationship with the variables studied. Key PointsThere is a dose-response relationship between SIgA levels and stress symptoms with TL.For the athletes of the present study, values of ~436 AU and ~3161 AU to TL and strain training would be desirable because higher values would decrease responses of SIgA levels.An optimal range of values of TL between ~336 and ~412 AU to TL and ~2610 and ~3016 AU to strain training would be suggested for this group of athletes, since below and above these values increased responses of stress symptoms were observed.
On the stability and convergence of self-tuning control–virtual equivalent system approach

This article presents a unified understanding and judgement of the stability and convergence of a general self-tuning control (STC) system, which consists of arbitrary control strategy, arbitrary parameter estimation algorithm and a deterministic/stochastic linear time-invariant (LTI) plant. The necessary conditions required for the global stability and convergence of a general STC system are relaxed, i.e. the convergence of parameter estimates is removed for both deterministic and stochastic STC schemes. To reach this goal, ‘virtual equivalent system (VES)’ concept and methodology is adopted. With the help of VES, the original nonlinear dominant (nonlinear in structure) problem is converted to a linear dominant (linear in structure) problem. The results developed in this article show that STC systems are stable and convergent for the abundance of control strategies and parameter estimation algorithms, which will provide great flexibility in the applications of STC.