Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulating Radiating and Magnetized Flows in Multiple Dimensions with ZEUS-MP

This paper describes ZEUS-MP, a multiphysics, massively parallel, message-passing implementation of the ZEUS code. ZEUS-MP differs significantly from the thoroughly documented ZEUS-2D code, the completely undocumented (in peer-reviewed literature) ZEUS-3D code, and a marginally documented "version 1" of ZEUS-MP first distributed publicly in 1999. ZEUS-MP offers an MHD algorithm that is better suited for multidimensional flows than the ZEUS-2D module by virtue of modifications to the method of characteristics scheme first suggested by Hawley & Stone. This MHD module is shown to compare quite favorably to the TVD scheme described by Ryu et al. ZEUS-MP is the first publicly available ZEUS code to allow the advection of multiple chemical (or nuclear) species. Radiation hydrodynamic simulations are enabled via an implicit flux-limited radiation diffusion (FLD) module. The hydrodynamic, MHD, and FLD modules can be used, singly or in concert, in one, two, or three space dimensions. In addition, so-called 1.5D and 2.5D grids, in which the "half-D" denotes a symmetry axis along which a constant but nonzero value of velocity or magnetic field is evolved, are supported. Self-gravity can be included either through the assumption of a GM/r potential or through a solution of Poisson's equation using one of three linear solver packages (conjugate gradient, multigrid, and FFT) provided for that purpose. Point-mass potentials are also supported. Because ZEUS-MP is designed for large simulations on parallel computing platforms, considerable attention is paid to the parallel performance characteristics of each module in the code. Strong-scaling tests involving pure hydrodynamics (with and without self-gravity), MHD, and RHD are performed in which large problems (2563 zones) are distributed among as many as 1024 processors of an IBM SP3. Parallel efficiency is a strong function of the amount of communication required between processors in a given algorithm, but all modules are shown to scale well on up to 1024 processors for the chosen fixed problem size.
Parallel COSET enumeration using threads

Coset enumeration is one of the basic tools for investigating finitely presented groups . Many enumerations require significant resources , in terms of CPU time or memory space . We develop a fully functional parallel coset enumeration procedure and we discuss some of the issues involved in such parallelisation using the POSIX threads library. Our results can equally well be applied to any master-slave parallel activity exhibiting a medium level of granularity.
Age and Etiology as Predictors of Language Outcome following Hemispherectomy

We report on the effects of etiology and age on the linguistic outcomes in a large pediatric hemispherectomy population. Four populations were considered separately: cortical dysplasia (multilobar involvement), Rasmussen’s encephalitis, infarction as a primary etiology and, fourth, children who failed to develop language, regardless of etiology. We argue against the ‘the-earlier-the-better’ hypothesis and propose our own hypothesis that weds maturational factors to etiological factors to predict language outcomes following pervasive brain insult. The implications of our ‘critical impact point’ hypothesis are discussed.
Preclinical Assessment of HIV Vaccines and Microbicides by Repeated Low-Dose Virus Challenges

Background Trials in macaque models play an essential role in the evaluation of biomedical interventions that aim to prevent HIV infection, such as vaccines, microbicides, and systemic chemoprophylaxis. These trials are usually conducted with very high virus challenge doses that result in infection with certainty. However, these high challenge doses do not realistically reflect the low probability of HIV transmission in humans, and thus may rule out preventive interventions that could protect against “real life” exposures. The belief that experiments involving realistically low challenge doses require large numbers of animals has so far prevented the development of alternatives to using high challenge doses. Methods and Findings Using statistical power analysis, we investigate how many animals would be needed to conduct preclinical trials using low virus challenge doses. We show that experimental designs in which animals are repeatedly challenged with low doses do not require unfeasibly large numbers of animals to assess vaccine or microbicide success. Conclusion Preclinical trials using repeated low-dose challenges represent a promising alternative approach to identify potential preventive interventions.
White Matter Changes May Precede Gray Matter Loss in Elderly with Subjective Memory Impairment

Background/Aims: A limited number of studies addressed MRI-based neurodegenerative changes in subjective memory impairment (SMI). We investigated changes in white matter (WM) microstructures as well as gray matter (GM) macrostructures in subjects with SMI of high and low risk for progression. Methods: A modeling scale (score range, 0-6) developed for prediction of SMI progression was used to divide SMI subjects (n = 46) into two groups: a high risk of progression (score ≥3; n = 19) and a low risk of progression (score ≤2; n = 27). Cross-sectional comparisons were performed using a region-of-interest-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis, cortical thickness analysis, and hippocampal volumetry. Results: The high-risk group had more microstructural disruption shown by lower fractional anisotropy in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and parts of frontotemporal lobes. On the other hand, GM macrostructural changes did not differ between the groups and were not associated with modeling scale scores. Conclusion: SMI subjects with a high risk of progression had more WM microstructural disruption than those with a low risk, and the changes were not explained by GM atrophy. Our findings suggest that the degree of microstructural alterations in SMI may be distinctive according to the risk factors and may precede GM atrophy.
Effect of religiosity on ecologically conscious consumption behaviour

Purpose This study aims to explore whether religiosity influences ecologically conscious consumption behaviour (ECCB) among Muslim consumers in India. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 191 young male Muslim respondents. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The results indicated a significant positive correlation between religiosity and ECCB. Pro-religious and intrinsically religious consumers reported higher importance to ECCB than non-religious and extrinsically religious consumers. It is, therefore, concluded that religiosity plays an important role in determining ECCB among Muslim consumers in India. Research limitations/implications The study sample comprised Indian university students as respondents, whose consumption behaviours may be constrained by limited independent income. Further, only male students have been included because of methodological considerations. Practical implications This study suggests that green marketers can use religiosity as a possible segmentation variable to effectively position their products. Religious messages or symbols can be invoked in advertising and other communication campaigns by marketers to gain acceptance for green products and consumption behaviours among consumers. Originality/value Few studies have examined the role of religiosity and its impact on consumer behaviour. The present study sought to address this gap in literature and offers preliminary insights about how marketers can effectively use religious symbols for marketing green products to consumers. The study is an initial attempt to provide elementary understanding about the consumption behaviour of Indian Muslims who have been insufficiently investigated by marketing and consumer researchers.
Spatial and temporal heterogeneities are localized to the right ventricular outflow tract in a heterozygotic Scn5a mouse model

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) in Brugada Syndrome patients often originates in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). We explore the physiological basis for this observation using murine whole heart preparations. Ventricular bipolar electrograms and monophasic action potentials were recorded from seven epicardial positions in Langendorff-perfused wild-type and Scn5a+/− hearts. VT first appeared in the RVOT, implicating it as an arrhythmogenic focus in Scn5a+/− hearts. RVOTs showed the greatest heterogeneity in refractory periods, response latencies, and action potential durations, and the most fractionated electrograms. However, incidences of concordant alternans in dynamic pacing protocol recordings were unaffected by the Scn5a+/− mutation or pharmacological intervention. Conversely, particularly at the RVOT, Scn5a+/− hearts showed earlier and more frequent transitions into discordant alternans. This was accentuated by flecainide, but reduced by quinidine, in parallel with their respective pro- and anti-arrhythmic effects. Discordant alternans preceded all episodes of VT. The RVOT of Scn5a+/− hearts also showed steeper restitution curves, with the diastolic interval at which the gradient equaled one strongly correlating with the diastolic interval at which discordant alternans commenced. We attribute the arrhythmic tendency within the RVOT to the greater spatial heterogeneities in baseline electrophysiological properties. These, in turn, give rise to a tendency to drive concordant alternans phenomena into an arrhythmogenic discordant alternans. Our findings may contribute to future work investigating possible pharmacological treatments for a disease in which the current mainstay of treatment is implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation.
The science of wellbeing and positive psychology

Th e seemingly innocuous question “What is wellbeing? ” easily leads to passionate debates and much conceptual confusion. Th is chapter fi rst provides some signposts for a defi nition of wellbeing. Sound defi nition of the construct is essential to the measurement of wellbeing and the growth of the science of wellbeing. Th e emergence of the science of positive psychology and its application through positive psychology interventions (i.e. strategies to increase wellbeing) have created new opportunities to develop wellbeing in individuals, organizations and communities. Aft er positive psychology is defi ned, key theories of wellbeing and positive psychology are summarized. An overview of key research evidence from positive psychology interventions is then provided. Th is overview is intended not as an exhaustive review, but rather as a sample to enable readers to explore the fertile interface of the science of wellbeing and positive psychology with the literature and experience of recovery.
Fast eigenspace decomposition of correlated images

We present a computationally efficient algorithm for the eigenspace decomposition of correlated images. Our approach is motivated by the fact that for a planar rotation of a two-dimensional (2-D) image, analytical expressions can be given for the eigendecomposition, based on the theory of circulant matrices. These analytical expressions turn out to be good first approximations of the eigendecomposition, even for three-dimensional (3-D) objects rotated about a single axis. In addition, the theory of circulant matrices yields good approximations to the eigendecomposition for images that result when objects are translated and scaled. We use these observations to automatically determine the dimension of the subspace required to represent an image with a guaranteed user-specified accuracy, as well as to quickly compute a basis for the subspace. Examples show that the algorithm performs very well on a number of test cases ranging from images of 3-D objects rotated about a single axis to arbitrary video sequences.
Crowds by Example

We present an example‐based crowd simulation technique. Most crowd simulation techniques assume that the behavior exhibited by each person in the crowd can be defined by a restricted set of rules. This assumption limits the behavioral complexity of the simulated agents. By learning from real‐world examples, our autonomous agents display complex natural behaviors that are often missing in crowd simulations. Examples are created from tracked video segments of real pedestrian crowds. During a simulation, autonomous agents search for examples that closely match the situation that they are facing. Trajectories taken by real people in similar situations, are copied to the simulated agents, resulting in seemingly natural behaviors.
Adult ADHD: Effects on Student Performance Within the Online Classroom

The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to determine the impact, if any, that adult ADHD has on student performance within the online classroom. The researcher sought to identify any underlying correlations which exist that will impact benchmark assessment grades (final exam essay), grade point average (GPA), and course completion rates for students who are highly likely to have ADHD when compared with their neurotypical counterparts. The 41 participants were adult learners who were enrolled in an online, general education course at a university located in the southeastern portion of the United States. Independent samples t-tests and Chi Square tests were utilized to assess if there was a significant difference in benchmark assessment grades (final exam essay), grade point average, and course completion rates for students who are highly likely to have adult ADHD, (as indicated by four or more checks within the shaded region of Part A on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), and those who are not highly likely to have adult ADHD within the online classroom. Levene's test of homogeneity of variance was conducted to evaluate the assumption of equality of variances. No significant statistical differences were discovered. Although no significant findings surfaced in this study due to the limited participant pool, further research is needed as many adult learners unknowingly suffer from ADHD, but they are not armed with the necessary knowledge to overcome the obstacles which are present in the online environment. Conclusions from this study provide insight for educators, students, and the community as a whole for working with this demographic.
Sorting receptor SORLA – a trafficking path to avoid Alzheimer disease

Summary Excessive proteolytic breakdown of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to neurotoxic amyloid &bgr; peptides (A&bgr;) by secretases in the brain is a molecular cause of Alzheimer disease (AD). According to current concepts, the complex route whereby APP moves between the secretory compartment, the cell surface and endosomes to encounter the various secretases determines its processing fate. However, the molecular mechanisms that control the intracellular trafficking of APP in neurons and their contribution to AD remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the functional elucidation of a new sorting receptor SORLA that emerges as a central regulator of trafficking and processing of APP. SORLA interacts with distinct sets of cytosolic adaptors for anterograde and retrograde movement of APP between the trans-Golgi network and early endosomes, thereby restricting delivery of the precursor to endocytic compartments that favor amyloidogenic breakdown. Defects in SORLA and its interacting adaptors result in transport defects and enhanced amyloidogenic processing of APP, and represent important risk factors for AD in patients. As discussed here, these findings uncovered a unique regulatory pathway for the control of neuronal protein transport, and provide clues as to why defects in this pathway cause neurodegenerative disease.
Advanced real Traffic Light Controller system design using Cortex-M0 ip on FPGA

Traffic light system establishes a set of rules and instructions that drivers rely on to avert collisions and other difficulties using signs, lights and other devices [1]. Now a day Traffic Light Controller (TLC) is based on microcontrollers and microprocessors. These TLC have limitations due to use of pre-defined hardware, which functions according to the program that has been done. The major drawback of such TLC systems is that they do not have the flexibility of modification on the basis of real time necessity. FPGA has many advantages over microcontroller, some of these advantages are; the speed, number of input/output ports and performance which are all very important in TLC design, at the same time ASIC design is more expensive than FPGA [2]. The Cortex-M0 processor is 32 bit RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) processor with very low gate count. The low gate count of the processor gives the advantage of low power consumption. Most of the TLCs implemented on FPGA are simple ones that have been implemented as examples of FSM. This paper concerned with an FPGA design implementation of a 24-hour advanced traffic light controller system based on congestion on the road intersection using Cortex-M0 in VHDL. The system has been successfully tested and implemented in hardware using Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGA. This system has many advantages over the exciting TLC.
Designing scalable product families by the radial basis function–high-dimensional model representation metamodelling technique

Product family design is cost-efficient for achieving the best trade-off between commonalization and diversification. However, for computationally intensive design functions which are viewed as black boxes, the family design would be challenging. A two-stage platform configuration method with generalized commonality is proposed for a scale-based family with unknown platform configuration. Unconventional sensitivity analysis and information on variation in the individual variants’ optimal design are used for platform configuration design. Metamodelling is employed to provide the sensitivity and variable correlation information, leading to significant savings in function calls. A family of universal electric motors is designed for product performance and the efficiency of this method is studied. The impact of the employed parameters is also analysed. Then, the proposed method is modified for obtaining higher commonality. The proposed method is shown to yield design solutions with better objective function values, allowable performance loss and higher commonality than the previously developed methods in the literature.
Compartmental Models of Single Cells and Small Networks in the Primary Visual Cortex

Bush, P. C. & Sejnowski, T. J. Large-scale compartment model of a cerebellar Purkinje cell. Neuroscience Abstracts. 16, 1298, 1990. Bush, P. C. , Li, S. & Sejnowski, T. J. Quantal analysis of superimposed EPSPs from multiple synapses. Neuroscience Abstracts. 17, 385, 1991. Bonds, A. B. , Snider, R. K. , Kabara. J., Bush, P. and Sejnowski, T. J. On the origins of oscillation in cells of the cat striate cortex. ARVO. 34/4 1032. 1993. Bush, P. C. , Gray, C. & Sejnowski, T. J. Realistic simulations of synchronization in networks of layer V neurons in cat primary visual cortex. Neuroscience Abstracts. : 1993
Historical evolution of the concept of anorexia nervosa and relationships with orthorexia nervosa, autism, and obsessive–compulsive spectrum

Eating disorders have been defined as “characterized by persistence disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs health or psychosocial functioning”. The psychopathology of eating disorders changed across time under the influence of environmental factors, determining the emergence of new phenotypes. Some of these conditions are still under investigation and are not clearly identified as independent diagnostic entities. In this review, the historic evolution of the eating disorder concept up to the recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, has been evaluated. We also examined literature supporting the inclusion of new emergent eating behaviors within the eating disorder spectrum, and their relationship with anorexia, autism, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. In particular, we focused on what is known about the symptoms, epidemiology, assessment, and diagnostic boundaries of a new problematic eating pattern called orthorexia nervosa that could be accepted as a new psychological syndrome, as emphasized by an increasing number of scientific articles in the last few years.
Global aerial flyways allow efficient travelling.

Birds migrate over vast distances at substantial costs. The highly dynamic nature of the air makes the selection of the best travel route difficult. We investigated to what extent migratory birds may optimise migratory route choice with respect to wind, and if route choice can be subject to natural selection. Following the optimal route, calculated using 21 years of empirical global wind data, reduced median travel time by 26.5% compared to the spatially shortest route. When we used a time-dependent survival model to quantify the adaptive benefit of choosing a fixed wind-optimised route, 84.8% of pairs of locations yielded a route with a higher survival than the shortest route. This suggests that birds, even if incapable of predicting wind individually, could adjust their migratory routes at a population level. As a consequence, this may result in the emergence of low-cost flyways representing a global network of aerial migratory pathways.
Achievement motivation level in students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and its influential factors

Introduction: Many studies have investigated the relationship between motivation and educational outcomes. The present study was conducted to determine whether the students’ motivation in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) decreases during educational years. Methods: 770 students in SUMS were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling from each field and entrance year. The first questionnaire contained 57 questions on the effect of economic, social, educational, geographical and personality factors on the students’ motivation. The second one was based on 50 incomplete sentences. The validity and reliability of these questionnaires were approved by the experts and Cronbach's Alpha coefficients (85% and 90%, respectively). In this cross-sectional study, ANOVA, t-test and Chi-square tests were applied for data analysis at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Six factors with the most effect on academic motivation were "family attitudes", "getting good jobs in future", "respect for themselves", " the ability to learn", "believing their role in victory and defeat" and "the tendency toward optimism about themselves". In addition, comparing professional doctorate and basic sciences’ results revealed no significant relationship between academic motivation and educational years (F=0.819, p=0.397). But comparing field by field showed that Dentistry and Hospital Management and Medical Information (HMMI) had a significant decrease in motivation score by increase in educational years (F=3.991, p=0.015). Conclusion: Achievement motivation level in SUMS students was higher than average and did not decrease during educational years. Also, the results showed that personal, social and educational related factors affected motivation level more than economic and environmental factors.