Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximum Angle of Ocular Duction During Visual Fixation as a Function of Age

Purpose: To measure and compare the maximum angle of ocular duction in healthy individuals as a function of age. Methods: A calibrated arc perimeter was modified to display one of six randomly presented targets (high contrast Snellen equivalent letters), in both vertical (supra/infraduction) and horizontal (ab/adduction) gaze to the dominant eye of 204 healthy volunteers with best-corrected visual acuity. A bite-bar and headrest were employed to prevent head movement. Using a modified method of limits for discrimination threshold, a maximum mean angle of ocular duction was determined by stepping a target out in 5° steps until an error was reported and thereafter bracketing around the limits of the target identification in 1° steps. A mean threshold value was determined as the angle at which a subject obtained a correct response 75% of the time in two and as many as three trials in each of four randomly presented directions of gaze (abduction, adduction, supraduction and infraduction). Results: A decrease in mean maximum duction angle was found over all age groups in all four directions (p < 0.001), with a steep decline beginning in the sixth decade and almost doubling in the oldest age group tested (80–95 year-olds). The percent of change in mean maximum angle of duction due to age from the 14–19 to the 80–95 year-olds was: abduction 21%, adduction 24%, supraduction 35%, infraduction 26%. Conclusion: Baseline data are useful to differentiate normal changes occurring with age from early signs of disease. Additionally, disease progression and effects of treatment can be monitored.
The dual self: First and third-person categorisations of the self and the role of objective self-awareness

The classic duality of self-subject and self-object is related to the linguistic duality of self as a pronoun of the first and the third person. The latter duality is related to alternative ways of categorising people either as self versus other (SO categorisation) or as objects conceived in the third person (3P categorisation). Research is reviewed showing that these categorisations underlie personalised and depersonalised representations, respectively. Nevertheless, depersonalising 3P categorisation has been found more prominent in self-other comparisons than in comparisons between hypothetical others. In search for an explanation Duval and Wicklund's theory of subjective and objective self-awareness as well as causal attribution theory are discussed. In an experiment it is shown that conditions associated with objective self-awareness (e.g., presence of a mirror, instructions stimulating self-evaluation) increase 3P categorisation in self-other comparisons. The results add to our understanding of the role of objective self-awareness in self-other comparisons and in causal attributions from actors' and observers' perspectives.
Social Influence and Adolescent Lifestyle Attitudes

In a 2-year panel study, children's and adolescents' (aged 9—15 years) approval of both healthy and deviant mature lifestyle attitudes such as holding afterschool jobs, smoking, and dating increased linearly with grade for both boys and girls. Boys approved of these activities more than did girls; however, girls' approval increased more rapidly. By eighth grade, gender differences in attitudes had almost vanished. Relative liking and respect for the other sex also increased from fourth grade to eighth grade, although children remained strongly gender biased in their reported interactions. Students with more mature attitudes were more popular with the other sex, but there was no relation between attitudes and same-sex popularity. These results support a social influence explanation of adolescent attitude development and suggest that simple same-age peer pressure is not sufficient to account for the development of mature attitudes.
Translating research into practice intervention improves management of acute pain in older hip fracture patients.

OBJECTIVE To test an interdisciplinary, multifaceted, translating research into practice (TRIP) intervention to (a) promote adoption, by physicians and nurses, of evidence-based (EB) acute pain management practices in hospitalized older adults, (b) decrease barriers to use of EB acute pain management practices, and (c) decrease pain intensity of older hospitalized adults. STUDY DESIGN Experimental design with the hospital as the unit of randomization. STUDY SETTING Twelve acute care hospitals in the Midwest. DATA SOURCES (a) Medical records (MRs) of patients > or =65 years or older with a hip fracture admitted before and following implementation of the TRIP intervention and (b) physicians and nurses who care for those patients. DATA COLLECTION Data were abstracted from MRs and questions distributed to nurses and physicians. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The Summative Index for Quality of Acute Pain Care (0-18 scale) was significantly higher for the experimental (10.1) than comparison group (8.4) at the end of the TRIP implementation phase. At the end of the TRIP implementation phase, patients in the experimental group had a lower mean pain intensity rating than those in the comparison group ( p<.0001). CONCLUSION The TRIP intervention improved quality of acute pain management of older adults hospitalized with a hip fracture.
Factors influencing coexistence of toenail onychomycosis with tinea pedis and other dermatomycoses: a survey of 2761 patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and factors influencing the presence of concomitant dermatomycoses in patients with toenail onychomycosis. DESIGN Prospective study based on a specially designed questionnaire completed by dermatologists. PATIENTS A total of 2761 patients with toenail onychomycosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The diagnosis of fungal skin infections was confirmed by direct microscopic examination or by culture. RESULTS In 1181 patients (42.8%) with toenail onychomycosis, concomitant fungal skin infections were noted. Tinea pedis was the most common and was found in 933 patients (33.8%). Other concomitant fungal skin infections were fingernail onychomycosis (7.4%), tinea cruris (4.2%), tinea corporis (2.1%), tinea manuum (1.6%), and tinea capitis (0.5%). The presence of concomitant fungal skin infections depended on number of involved toenails; duration of onychomycosis; sex, age, and education level; area of residence; and type of isolated fungus. CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of toenail onychomycosis with other types of fungal skin infections is a frequent phenomenon. It could be hypothesized that infected toenails may be a site from which the fungal infections could spread to other body areas. Effective therapy for onychomycosis might therefore be essential not only to treat the lesional toenails but also to prevent spreading the infection to other sites of the skin.
Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in northeast of Iran: Results of the Golestan cohort study

Background The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally in particular in fast emerging economies such as Iran. Population-based studies on prevalence of CKD in Iran are scarce. The objective of the current study was to explore the prevalence and determinants of CKD in the setting of Golestan Cohort Study (GCS), the largest prospective cohort in the Middle East. Methods In this observational study, 11,409 participants enrolled in the second phase of GCS were included. Sex, age, literacy, residence, anthropometric measurements, smoking, opium use, self-reported history of cardiovascular diseases (heart disease and/or stroke), hypertension, diabetes, and lipid profile were the predictors of interest. The outcomes of interest were eGFR and CKD defined as eGFR< 60 ml/min/1.73m2. Results Mean (SD) of GFR was 70.0 ± 14.7 ml/min/1.73m2 among all participants, 68.2 ± 14.2 among women, and 72.0 ± 15.0 among men. Prevalence of CKD was 23.7% (26.6% in women, 20.6% in men). The prevalence of CKD stages 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 were 20.0%, 3.3%, 0.4% and 0.1%, respectively. Female sex, older age, urban residence, history of CVD, hypertension or diabetes, larger body mass and surrogates of body fat and opium use were all associated with CKD. Opium had a significant positive association with CKD in adjusted model. All anthropometric measurements had positive linear association with CKD. Being literate had inverse association. Sex had significant interaction with anthropometric indices, with higher odds ratios among men compared with women. A significantly high association was observed between the rate of change in waist circumference and systolic blood pressure with risk of CKD. Conclusion One in four people in this cohort had low eGFR. Obesity and overweight, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for CKD. Halting the increase in waist circumference and blood pressure may be as important as reducing the current levels.
RFID Data Processing with a Data Stream Query Language

RFID technology provides significant advantages over traditional object-tracking technologies and is increasingly adopted and deployed in real applications. RFID applications generate large volume of streaming data, which have to be automatically filtered, processed, and transformed into semantic data, and integrated into business applications. Indeed, RFID data are highly temporal, and RFID observations form complex temporal event patterns which can be very different for various RFID applications. Thus, it is desirable to have a general RFID data processing framework with a powerful language, for the end users to express a variety of queries on RFID data streams, as well as detecting complex events patterns. While data stream management systems (DSMSs) are emerging for optimized stream data processing, they usually lack the language construct support for temporal event detection. In this paper, we discuss a stream query language to provide comprehensive temporal event detection, through temporal operators and extension of sliding-window constructs. With the integration of temporal event detection, a DSMS has the capability to serve as a powerful system for RFID data processing.
My Parents Never Spent Time With Me! Migrants’ Parents in Italy and Hegemonic Ideals of Competent Parenting

Mothers who migrated from Morocco and Ecuador to northeast Italy are the subject for this article, which explores the way in which they observe Italian parenting and tend to negatively evaluate the care they received at home. They consider their settlement in Italy as an opportunity to acquire a “modern” style of parenting. They also access websites and books to seek advice on how to parent, mixing home-country and settlement-country sources of information. They do not perceive any contradiction between these different sources of information, which are considered “science,” and therefore as culture free. The article shows how parenting advice is more than just scientific or “cultural”: It is imbued with hegemonic political discourses. The appropriation of the hegemonic parenting discourses is, indeed, far from deterministic, being riddled with resistances and ambiguities. Through the dynamic entanglements of normative constraints and new resources offered by multiple parenting models, mothers contribute to the renegotiation of the terms of local, transnational, and global citizenship.
Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C Takes a More Aggressive Disease Course Than Hepatitis B Virus Genotype B in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Patients

ABSTRACT One hundred forty-six hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients were followed up for 32 ± 13 months. All six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C. Disease activity was greater in patients infected by HBV genotype C than in those infected by HBV genotype B in the HBeAg-positive phase but not after HBeAg seroconversion.
Uniform-in-bandwidth functional limit laws for the increments of the normed sample quantile process; application to nearest-neighbor estimates

In the present paper, we establish a functional limit law of the logarithm for the increments of the normed sample quantile process based upon a random sample of size n→ ∞. We extend a limit law obtained by Deheuvels and Mason [9], showing that their results hold uniformly over the bandwidth h, restricted to vary in [h n , h n ], where {h′ n }n≥1 and {h′′ n}n≥1 are appropriate non-random sequences. We treat the case where the sample observations follow possibly nonuniform distributions. As a consequence of our theorems, we provide uniform limit laws for nearest-neighbor density estimators, in the spirit of those given by Deheuvels and Mason [10] for kernel-type estimators.
Minority-Related Stressors and Coping Processes Among African American College Students

This study is an investigation of stress and coping among African American students at a predominantly White college/university (PWCU) and a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) and their relationship to academic performance. Participants were 203 African American students (101 from a mid-size predominantly White midwestern state university and 102 from an HBCU located on the East Coast). Perceived stress, minority status stress, and coping behaviors were measured. Multivariate comparisons revealed that African American students on the PWCU campus experienced higher levels of minority status stressors compared to their counterparts at the HBCU. Participants from both universities were generally similar in their use of coping strategies and in their levels of overall perceived stress. An exploratory model and an alternate model of stress and coping processes were tested. Both models highlight the unique contribution of minority status stressors to academic performance.
The role of stress in divorce: A three-nation retrospective study

Drawing upon earlier models of stress and divorce, this retrospective study investigates how divorced individuals appraise the role of stress in their divorce. Data from divorced individuals (N = 662) from Germany, Italy, and Switzerland suggest that low commitment and deficits in interpersonal competencies (communication, problem solving, coping) are more likely than stress to be perceived as reasons for divorce. However, when considering everyday stresses, participants reported trivial daily events to be one of the main reasons contributing to their decision to divorce. Although general stress level did not influence individuals' decision to divorce, most participants considered the accumulation of everyday stresses as a central trigger for divorce. Future research should investigate the process of divorce, particularly in relation to commitment and interpersonal competencies.
APPLICATION OF OPTIMAL MULTIPLIER METHOD IN WEIGHTED LEAST-SQUARES STATE ESTIMATION PART II : SIMULATION

Standard algorithms for state estimation may be viewed as quasi-Newton's methods applied to the rst order optimality conditions of a least squares minimization problem. Previous work in the literature has documented the (somewhat surprising) fact that when a full Newton's method is applied to the same formulation, convergence properties are far worse than the quasi-Newton's method, until the iterates reach an EXTREMELY small neighborhood of the solution. Motivated by these results, and by availability of e cient algorithms to compute higher order derivatives necessary in an exact Newton formulation, the companion paper [2] proposes several Newton's method variants to improve state estimator convergence. In this paper Benchmarks for the IEEE 118 and 300 bus test systems are provided, with comparisons against classical normal equations, Hatchel's method, and QR algorithms. In these benchmark examples, the new algorithms developed show more reliable convergence for ill-conditioned cases, while making minimal sacri ces in computational e ciency for well-conditioned cases.
Chaos and Synchronization of Time-Delayed Fractional Neuron Network System

In this paper, we study chaotic behaviors in the time-delayed fractional-order neuron network system. Basic properties of the system are analyzed by means of Lyapunov exponents and waveform diagrams. Nonlinear control theory is extended to the time-delayed fractional-order neuron network system. Moreover, chaos synchronization is investigated by the Laplace theorem. The study and experiment indicate that the chaos in fractional order neuron networks could be controlled and synchronized.
The SAFE strategy for trachoma control: Planning a cost-effectiveness analysis of the antibiotic component and beyond

AIM. A limited literature addresses the cost-effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of trachoma and its sequelae. The literature focuses on government costs. This paper motivates the inclusion of and details methods for measuring the costs for the target population. METHODS. Costs to the targeted population can be measured while studying efficacy or effectiveness. These costs can be added to the more frequently measured costs to the government to calculate costs for the entire society. This section indicates the types of costs to consider, refines the concept of costs, describes the necessary data, outlines how the methods of data collection fit with the methods that would be employed for a general effectiveness study, and describes the appropriate calculation of a cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS. The costs to the targeted population can be measured with few additional resources. Placing a value on villagers¹ time or translating clinical results into summary, preference-based health-related quality of life measures would increase the resources required more substantially. DISCUSSION. For theoretical and practical reasons, future cost-effectiveness analyses of the full SAFE strategy and the antibiotic component of the strategy should be done from a perspective that includes both the government and the targeted population. This can be useful in policy making and increase our understanding of reasons for less than universal participation.
The Importance of Volunteering Functions to University Students

Volunteer work plays a key role in the functioning of social services within our communities. Younger volunteers now comprise a major component of the volunteer population. However, little work on the volunteerism of younger people, especially students, has been conducted in an Australian context. The present study investigated the psychological functions that volunteering serves amongst young tertiary students who volunteer and the perception of the functions served by volunteering by those who do not volunteer. A survey of a cohort of Australian university students, comprising both volunteers and non-volunteers, showed that 43% of the sampled university students were recent volunteers and that 74.4% had volunteered at some point in the past, thus demonstrating the importance of this cohort for volunteering practices in Australia. For the functions that volunteering serves, the results indicated that both volunteer and non-volunteer students rated the values and understanding functions as significantly more important than any other function. Further, non-volunteers rated the career function as more important than current volunteers. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of strategies that are most effective in engaging younger volunteers.
Who Will Use Pre-Trip Traveler Information and How Will They Respond? Insights from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is able to make the transportation system safer, smoother, and more sustainable. The research and practice of pre-trip traveler information (PTI), an indispensable component of ITS, is very limited in China. With data collected from Zhongshan Metropolitan Area, China, this empirical study revealed the socio-demographics of potential PTI users and feasible travel responses in daily trips under PTI. Young-and-middle-aged, influential, and motorized males were the most potential PTI users, while unemployed young females the least. Among the motorized potential users who habitually traveled by car, the high-income sub-group was least likely to shift travel modes under PTI. The younger white-collar or blue-collar had a lower propensity to shift to bicycle, but the younger blue-collar workers were more likely to shift to walking. The low income preferred to shift to bus rather than elevated light rail due to the difference of travel cost. The findings will facilitate our understanding of the market segments and effects of PTI, improve the system design and implementation strategy, and help address urban traffic and environmental issues throughout China.
The North Wind versus a Wolf: short texts for the description and measurement of English pronunciation

For many years, the passage ‘The North Wind and the Sun’ (NWS) has been used for phonetic research into different languages. However, there are many shortcomings with the passage for the description of varieties of English, including the absence of some sounds, such as /[zcy ]/ and syllable-initial /θ/, problems with the text for the measurement of rhythm, and issues regarding acoustic measurements of /æ/ and /I/. An alternative passage, ‘The Boy who Cried Wolf’, is suggested, and measurements of the monophthongs based on recordings of the Wolf passage by three RP British English speakers are compared with similar measurements of the vowels in the NWS passage.
Urban social policy and poverty reduction

The paper describes the differences in the ways that social and economic policy perceive poverty and its underlying causes, and thus differences in how they define it, measure it and institute mechanisms to reduce it. It also highlights the many dimensions of poverty that economic policy ignores and considers the constraints that limit the effectiveness of current poverty reduction strategies.
Virus-Infected, Lactating Rhesus Monkeys the Breast Milk of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cellular Immune Responses in Potent Simian Immunodeficiency

Breast milk transmission of HIV is a leading cause of infant HIV/AIDS in the developing world. Remarkably, only a small minority of breastfeeding infants born to HIV-infected mothers contract HIV via breast milk exposure, raising the possibility that immune factors in the breast milk confer protection to the infants who remain uninfected. To model HIV-speciﬁc immunity in breast milk, lactation was pharmacologically induced in Mamu-A*01 (cid:1) female rhesus monkeys. The composition of lymphocyte subsets in hormone-induced lactation breast milk was found to be similar to that in natural lactation breast milk. Hormone-induced lactating monkeys were inoculated i.v. with SIVmac251 and CD8 (cid:1) T lymphocytes speciﬁc for two immunodominant SIV epitopes, Gag p11C and Tat TL8, and SIV viral load were monitored in peripheral blood and breast milk during acute infection. The breast milk viral load was 1–2 logs lower than plasma viral load through peak and set point of viremia. Surprisingly, whereas the kinetics of the SIV-speciﬁc cellular immunity in breast milk mirrored that of the blood, the peak magnitude of the SIV-speciﬁc CD8 (cid:1) T lymphocyte response in breast milk was more than twice as high as the cellular immune response in the blood. Furthermore, the appearance of the SIV-speciﬁc CD8 (cid:1) T lymphocyte response in breast milk was associated with a reduction in breast milk viral load, and this response remained higher than that in the blood after viral set point. This robust viral-speciﬁc cellular immune response in breast milk may contribute to control of breast milk virus replication. The Journal of