Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parenting Experiences of Chinese Immigrantswith School-age Children

A growing number of Chinese immigrants come to Canada to better the future for their children. While raising children can be demanding at times, the struggles resulting from bicultural parenting may significantly increase the difficulties. To cater to the growing cross-cultural parenting needs, this study explored how the unique challenges such as race, culture, economic issues, language and social networks impacted the Chinese immigrant parenting experiences. Phenomenology was used as the strategy to guide the research. Semi-structured interviews were used to discern how Chinese immigrants were making sense of their bicultural parenting experiences. Ten Chinese immigrant parents (mother and father) from five families were recruited as participants. Ten main themes from “parenting philosophies, attitudes, and approaches of Chinese immigrant parents” to “needs in raising the children” emerged from the phenomenology data analysis. In the main part of the Discussion, I used the phenomenological approach to describe the meanings of Chinese immigrant parents’ parenting and investigated how these meanings influenced the parenting methods they chose. The study confirmed the significance of cultural and social systems of support for Chinese immigrant parenting. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory served as a foundation upon which the development and implementation of this study was built. Finally, to initiate efficient programs for Chinese immigrant parents in the future, I put forward the recommendations to all the stakeholders who are interested in the bicultural parenting issues.
The Role of Context in Young Learners’ Processes for Responding to Self‐Assessment Items

Abstract: With use of self‐assessment (SA) of young language learners on the rise, educators of young learners often want to know what SA captures and how best to use it in order to assist their students’ learning. This study focuses on understanding how young learners’ processes for responding to SA items differ by age and by context of implementation (i.e., whether or not the SA items refer to a specific task, an after‐task condition, or are conducted in a decontextualized fashion, a generic condition). The participants were 31 primary school children learning English in Japan. They were divided into 2 age groups (ages 8–9 and 10–12). In both the generic and the after‐task conditions, the children were asked to respond to 9 SA items using a 5‐point Likert scale. The children's processes for responding to SAs were obtained through guided interviews. Analyses based on Higgins, Strauman, and Klein's (1986) model of self‐evaluation processes indicated that, while the children, irrespective of age, drew on a variety of relevant incidents and reference points when responding to SA in the generic condition, they primarily focused on the just‐completed tasks and perceived task requirements as reference points in the after‐task condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Self-Esteem Instability and Personality

Relatively few studies have focused on the connections between self-esteem and basic personality dimensions. The purpose of the present studies was to examine whether self-esteem level and self-esteem instability were associated with the Big Five personality dimensions and whether self-esteem instability moderated the associations that self-esteem level had with these personality features. This was accomplished by conducting a series of studies that included samples from the United States, Israel, and China. Across these studies, self-esteem level was associated with high levels of extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, whereas self-esteem instability was associated with low levels of emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Individuals with stable high self-esteem reported the highest levels of emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, whereas those with stable low self-esteem had the lowest levels of openness. The results of these studies suggest that feelings of self-worth are associated with self-reported and perceived personality features.
Homogenization and influence of fragmentation in a biological invasion model

In this paper, some properties of the minimal speeds of pulsating Fisher-KPP fronts in periodic environments are established. The limit of the speeds at the homogenization limit is proved rigorously. Near this limit, generically, the fronts move faster when the spatial period is enlarged, but the speeds vary only at the second order. The dependence of the speeds on habitat fragmentation is also analyzed in the case of the patch model.
Tibetan Word Segmentation Based on Word-Position Tagging

The best advantage of Tibetan word segmentation based on word-position is to reduce segmentation errors for unknown words. In this article authors upgrade usual 4-tag set to 6-tag set to fit in with the features of Tibetan characters, using CRF as tagging model to train and test corpus data, then building post processing modules to revise the result data. The experimental result shows that this method achieves a good performance and deserves further study, including expanding the corpus and optimizing the tag set and feature templates.
Is egg-damaging behavior by great spotted cuckoos an accident or an adaptation?

Adult great spotted cuckoos Clamator glandarius damage the eggs of their magpie Pica pica host without removing them from the nest or eating them but by producing the death of the embryo. Observations as well as experiments were used to test several predictions of two different possibilities: great spotted cuckoo egg-damaging behavior is a parasitic tactic resulting from a direct selection process (the adaptation hypothesis), or egg damage is caused by thick-shelled cuckoo eggs which evolved to avoid breakage during rapid laying (the nonadaptation hypothesis). Previously, we provided experimental evidence that egg damage increased the breeding success of cuckoos when they laid late during the laying sequence of the magpie. However, when they laid early, egg-damaging behavior did not increase cuckoo breeding success, contrary to the adaptation hypothesis. In an experimental study, when we simulated laying behavior by the great spotted cuckoo, we found that (1) the number of damaged magpie eggs was significantly lower than in natural parasitism, and (2) whereas in the experimental manipulations the number of damaged eggs did not depend on the number of magpie eggs, in natural parasitism, the number of damaged eggs increased with clutch size of the magpie. These results support the predictions of the adaptation hypothesis, implying that egg damage is not an incidental consequence of rapid egg laying, but an adaptation.
Anti-Inflammatory Role of IL-17 in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis1

Previous studies have shown that IL-17 is a strong proinflammatory cytokine and that IL-17-producing autoreactive T cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In a previous study, we showed that injection of experimental autoimmune uveitis-susceptible mice with anti-IL-17 Abs blocked subsequent disease development. To determine whether administration of IL-17 to experimental autoimmune uveitis-susceptible Lewis rats and B10RIII mice injected with disease-inducing peptides enhanced disease susceptibility, we injected the recipient animals with various doses of human rIL-17 (hIL-17). Unexpectedly, the treated animals showed significant amelioration of disease; in addition, both the intensity of the autoreactive response and cytokine production by the autoreactive T cells induced by immunization with uveitogenic peptides were significantly decreased. Our results show that IL-17 has anti-inflammatory activity and that this cytokine can suppress the development of autoimmune disease.
Levels of categorization in visual recognition studied with functional MRI

Background: Recent functional neuroimaging results implicate part of the ventral temporal lobe of the brain in face recognition and have, together with neuropsychological findings, been used as evidence for a face-specific neural module in the brain. Experimental designs, however, have often failed to distinguish between the class of the object used as the stimulus (face or non-face) and the level of categorization at which the stimulus is recognised (the ‘basic’ level, such as ‘bird’, at which familiar objects are first recognised, or more subordinate levels, ‘sparrow’ for example which require additional perceptual processing). We have used echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activation for matching of non-face objects with subordinateand basic-level descriptors.
Critical appraisal of ramelteon in the treatment of insomnia

Ramelteon is the first member of a novel class of hypnotics and acts as a selective melatonin receptor agonist. In 2005, ramelteon was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of insomnia characterized by sleep onset problems. Its unique mechanism of action made it a promising candidate compared with the widely used hypnotics that act on the benzodiazepine receptor complex. Several studies have examined its efficacy and safety as a hypnotic agent. The primary efficacy of ramelteon was found to lie in a decrease in latency to persistent sleep, as measured by polysomnographic tests. Other sleep-related measures, such as total sleep time and number of nightly awakenings, show less pronounced improvement when treated with ramelteon. In addition, no rebound insomnia or abuse potential was observed in clinical studies. Although additional studies are necessary, current data on the acute and next-morning effects of ramelteon did not indicate cognitive or psychomotor impairment. Overall, ramelteon is safe and well tolerated, although some questions remain regarding its long-term efficacy and safety. These issues and possibilities for use in other patient groups should be addressed in future research.
Fragmentation Considered Vulnerable

We show that fragmented IPv4 and IPv6 traffic is vulnerable to effective interception and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by an off-path attacker. Specifically, we demonstrate a weak attacker intercepting more than 80% of the data between peers and causing over 94% loss rate. We show that our attacks are practical through experimental validation on popular industrial and open-source products, with realistic network setups that involve NAT or tunneling and include concurrent legitimate traffic as well as packet losses. The interception attack requires a zombie agent behind the same NAT or tunnel-gateway as the victim destination; the DoS attack only requires a puppet agent, that is, a sandboxed applet or script running in web-browser context. The complexity of our attacks depends on the predictability of the IP Identification (ID) field which is typically implemented as one or multiple counters, as allowed and recommended by the IP specifications. The attacks are much simpler and more efficient for implementations, such as Windows, which use one ID counter for all destinations. Therefore, much of our focus is on presenting effective attacks for implementations, such as Linux, which use per-destination ID counters. We present practical defenses for the attacks presented in this article, the defenses can be deployed on network firewalls without changes to hosts or operating system kernel.
Advanced palmprint recognition using unsharp masking and histogram equalization

Biometric palmprint identification is a technology used for identification and verification of palmprints using image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction and template matching. Even though the existing palmprint authentication systems have several advantages, there exist many disadvantages such as less accuracy, computational complexity, implementation expense, high resolution and storage requirement, and so on. This paper proposes an advanced technique called 'Advanced palmprint recognition using unsharp masking and histogram equalization'. This system makes palmprint recognition simpler and more accurate. Tlnsharp masking is for sharpening the edges while histogram equalization is used to improve the contrast of images. Proposed system with its user friendly environment and high security lets the users to depend more on their security needs.
Effects of exchange rate movements on economic growth in Nigeria

This study investigates the effect of exchange rate movements on real output growth in Nigeria. Based on quarterly series for the period 1986 to 2010, the paper examines the possible direct and indirect relationship between exchange rates and GDP growth. The relationship is derived in two ways using a simultaneous equations model within a fully specified (but small) macroeconomic model. A Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique was explored. The estimation results suggest that there is no evidence of a strong direct relationship between changes in exchange rate and output growth. Rather, Nigeria’s economic growth has been directly affected by monetary variables. These factors have tended to sustain a pattern of real exchange rate, which has been unfavourable for growth. The conclusion is that improvements in exchange rate management are necessary but not adequate to revive the Nigerian economy. A broad program of economic reform is required to complement the exchange rate policy adopted.
Modeling non-confined coronal flares: Dynamics and X-ray diagnostics

Long-lasting, intense, stellar X–ray flares may approach conditions of breaking magnetic confinement and evolving in open space. In the perspective of searching for possible tracers of non-confinement, we explore this hypothesis with hydrodynamic simulations of flares occurring in a non-confined corona: model flares are triggered by a transient impulsive heating injected in a plane-parallel stratified corona. The plasma evolution is described by means of a numerical 2-D model in cylindrical geometry $R,Z$. We explore the space of fundamental parameters. As a reference model, we consider a flare triggered by a heating pulse of 10 erg cm -3 s -1 lasting 150 s and released in a region ~ 10 9 cm wide and at a height ~$ 2 \times 10^9$ cm from the base of the stellar surface. The pressure at the base of the corona of the unperturbed atmosphere is 0.1 dyne cm -2 . The heating would cause a 20 MK flare if delivered in a 40 000 km long closed loop. The modeled plasma evolution in the heating phase involves the propagation of a 10 MK conduction front and the evaporation of a shocked bow density front upwards from the chromosphere. As the heating is switched off, the temperature drops in few seconds while the density front still propagates, expanding, and gradually weakening. This kind of evolution is shared by other simulations with different coronal initial pressure, and location, duration and intensity of the heating. The X-ray emission, spectra and light curves at the ASCA/SIS focal plan, and in two intense X–ray lines (Mg XI at 9.169 A and Fe XXI at 128.752 A), have been synthesized from the models. The results are discussed and compared to features of confined events, and scaling laws are derived. The light curves invariably show a very rapid rise, a constant phase as long as the constant heating is on, and then a very fast decay, on time scales of few seconds, followed by a more gradual one (few minutes). We show that this evolution of the emission, and especially the fast decay, together with other potentially observable effects, are intrinsic to the assumption of non–confinement. Their lack indicates that observed long–lasting stellar X–ray flares should involve plasma strongly confined by magnetic fields.
Mechanisms of Kidney Injury in Lupus Nephritis – the Role of Anti-dsDNA Antibodies

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a breakdown of self-tolerance, production of auto-antibodies and immune-mediated injury, resulting in damage accrual in multiple organs. Kidney involvement, termed lupus nephritis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that affects over half of the SLE population during the course of disease. The etiology of lupus nephritis is multifactorial and remains to be fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that in addition to forming immune complexes and triggering complement activation, anti-dsDNA antibodies contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis through binding, either directly or indirectly, to cross-reactive antigens or chromatin materials, respectively, to resident renal cells and/or extracellular matrix components, thereby triggering downstream cellular activation and proliferation as well as inflammatory and fibrotic processes. Several cross-reactive antigens that mediate anti-dsDNA antibody binding have been identified, such as annexin II and alpha-actinin. This review discusses the mechanisms through which anti-dsDNA antibodies contribute to immunopathogenesis in lupus nephritis. Corticosteroids combined with either mycophenolic acid (MPA) or cyclophosphamide is the current standard of care immunosuppressive therapy for severe lupus nephritis. This review also discusses recent data showing distinct effects of MPA and cyclophosphamide on inflammatory and fibrotic processes in resident renal cells.
Anti-Aging Effects of the Hanwoo Leg Bone, Foot and Tail Infusions (HLI, HFI and HTI) on Skin Fibroblast

Many researchers revealed that collagen contribute to maintaining the skin’s elasticity and inhibit wrinkling of skin. Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) bone (leg bone, foot and tail) infusion contains the various inorganic materials, collagen and chondroitin sulfate. All of this, a large quantity of collagen is included in Hanwoo infusion. Therefore, this study emphasized on the effects of collagen in the Hanwoo bone infusion. For the first time, Hanwoo bone infusions were directly added to the media of Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF-c) to test anti-aging effects. First, it was identified that growth rate of skin fibroblast was increased. Furthermore, the Hanwoo bone infusion increased a 50% of fibroblast collagen synthesis. Also, suppression of skin fibroblast aging was confirmed by treatment Hanwoo bone infusion. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effects of infusion made from Hanwoo leg bone, foot and tail on anti-aging, wrinkle inhibiting and skin fibroblast elasticity maintaining. Therefore, this study identified that traditional infusion has effects that are good for skin elasticity.
NO . 980 Commitment Contracts

We review the theoretical and empirical literature on commitment devices. A commitment device is any arrangement, entered into by an individual, with the aim of making it easier to fulfill his or her own future plans. We argue that there is growing empirical evidence supporting the proposition that people demand commitment devices and that these devices can change behavior. We highlight the importance of further research exploring soft commitments – those involving only psychological costs – and the welfare consequences of hard commitments – those involving actual costs – especially in the presence of bounded rationality.
Integrative Subtype Discovery in Glioblastoma Using iCluster

Large-scale cancer genome projects, such as the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, are comprehensive molecular characterization efforts to accelerate our understanding of cancer biology and the discovery of new therapeutic targets. The accumulating wealth of multidimensional data provides a new paradigm for important research problems including cancer subtype discovery. The current standard approach relies on separate clustering analyses followed by manual integration. Results can be highly data type dependent, restricting the ability to discover new insights from multidimensional data. In this study, we present an integrative subtype analysis of the TCGA glioblastoma (GBM) data set. Our analysis revealed new insights through integrated subtype characterization. We found three distinct integrated tumor subtypes. Subtype 1 lacks the classical GBM events of chr 7 gain and chr 10 loss. This subclass is enriched for the G-CIMP phenotype and shows hypermethylation of genes involved in brain development and neuronal differentiation. The tumors in this subclass display a Proneural expression profile. Subtype 2 is characterized by a near complete association with EGFR amplification, overrepresentation of promoter methylation of homeobox and G-protein signaling genes, and a Classical expression profile. Subtype 3 is characterized by NF1 and PTEN alterations and exhibits a Mesenchymal-like expression profile. The data analysis workflow we propose provides a unified and computationally scalable framework to harness the full potential of large-scale integrated cancer genomic data for integrative subtype discovery.
INTEREST AND READING MOTIVATION

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between interest and reading motivation based on literature review. The concept of the interest portrayed as a psychological state that occurs during interaction between individual and specific topic, object or activity including process of willingness, increased attention, concentration and positive feeling to the topic, object or activity. Meanwhile reading motivation emphasized to mental readiness, willingness and refers to beliefs and perception of individual to engage in reading activity. Some researchers were identified factors that influenced reading motivation such as intrinsic and extrinsic factors, self-concept and value of reading, and interest. In general, the literature review described that have positive relationship between interest and reading motivation.
Measurement of Carbonyls in Three Urban Zones of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and One Rural Zone

C1-C5 carbonyl compound concentrations were measured at four sites; three urban sites in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and a rural site in the state of Morelos during the period 2006-2007. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were found to be the most abundant carbonyls, with acetone showing the highest levels at all sites. Concentrations were highest in winter at all sites and lower in summer and autumn. These decreases in concentration are explained by the influences of both photochemical reactions and local meteorological conditions. The strong correlation between C1-C2 and C3 indicated a common origin for these carbonyls. This was supported by a factor analysis which showed high loading on C1-C2 and C3. The C1/C2 ratios varied between 0.77 to 1.19, values which can be considered typical of an urban area.
Real time vision for robotics using a moving fovea approach with multi resolution

We propose a new approach to reduce and abstract visual data useful for robotics applications. Basically, a moving Fovea in combination with a multi-resolution representation is created from a pair of input images given by a stereo head, that reduces hundreds of times the amount of information from the original images. With this new theoretical approach we are able to compute several feature maps, including several filters, stereo matching, and motion, in real time, that is at more than 30 frames per second. As the main contribution, the moving fovea allows, most of the time, a robot to avoid performing physical motion with the cameras in order to get a desirable region in the images center. We present mathematical formalization of the moving Fovea approach, the algorithms, and details of the implementation of such schema. We validate it with experimental results. This approach has demonstrated to be very useful to robotics vision.