Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How does rm size mediate rmsability to benet from invention? Evidence from patents and scientic publications

Using novel rm-level panel data, this paper investigates how rmsability to bene t from invention is mediated by rm size. We distinguish between output indicators of applied research using patents versus output indicators of basic research using scienti c publications in hard sciencejournals. Our results show that the relationship between performance and patents is stronger for small rms than for large rms. By contrast, the relationship between performance and scienti c publications is stronger for large rms than for small rms. We also investigate several mechanisms that may be responsible for these rm size e¤ects. Cost-spreading, complementary assets and especially large rms inertia all appear to exert a signi cant inuence on the appropriability of patented research. Conversely, a key role of published research seems to be that of complementing large rmsmarketing and sales e¤orts. Keywords: patents, publications, rm size, basic and applied research, productivity, growth JEL Classi cation: O16, O32, G32, G34
Essays on Estimation and Inference for Spatial Economic Models

This dissertation consists of two essays on the estimation and inference for spatial economic models. The first essay discusses the estimation for a simultaneous system of spatial autoregressive equations with random effects in panel data setting. I suggest an error component three-stage least squares (EC3SLS) estimator for the model. The second essay focuses on the estimation and inference for a threshold spatial autoregressive model for cross sections. I propose a spatial two-stage least square (S2SLS) estimator for the model and prove the consistency of the threshold parameter estimator. The first essay derives a 3SLS estimator for a simultaneous system of spatial autoregressive equations with random effects which can therefore handle endogeneity, spatial lag dependence, heterogeneity as well as cross equation correlation. This is done by utilizing the Kelejian and Prucha (1998) and Lee (2003) type instruments from the cross-section spatial autoregressive literature and marrying them to the error components 3SLS estimator derived by Baltagi (1981) for a system of simultaneous panel data equations. The Monte Carlo experiments indicate that, for the single equation spatial error components 2SLS estimators, there is a slight gain in efficiency when Lee (2003) type rather than Kelejian and Prucha (1998) instruments are used. However, there is not much difference in efficiency between these instruments for spatial error components 3SLS estimators. The second essay extends the threshold model to the spatial framework. This allows different spatial lag coefficients for different regimes (subsamples), while the sample splitting point is unknown. We suggest a spatial two-stage least squares (S2SLS) estimator for the threshold and slope parameters based on Kelejian and Prucha (1998) type instruments. We also prove the consistency of the threshold parameter estimator. A Monte Carlo study is provided to examine the finite sample properties. Our results show that the performance of our estimator improves as the sample size increases and as the difference between the spatial parameters of the two subsamples increases. Essays on Estimation and Inference for Spatial Economic Models Ying Deng BS in Economics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 2006 BS in Computer Science, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 2006 MS in Economics, Sun Yat-Sen University, 2008 MA in Economics, Syracuse University, 2010 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics in the Graduate School of Syracuse University.
SEGMENTATION BASED ON CONSUMERS' PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD FARM ANIMAL WELFARE *

nimal welfare in general, and more specifically in livestock production, has become a major issue of interest, not only among direct interest groups involved in the food production chain, such as producers, retailers, government and consumers, but also in a wide variety of scientific research disciplines. This tendency of a general increased interest in animal welfare can be explained to a large extent by the prosperity level in the Western society (Seamer 1998). Food supply has largely exceeded food demand, which has turned markets into demand-driven economies where the goal of exchange and marketing is to better meet consumers’ needs, demands and preferences. Together with the growing influence of post-materialistic values – of which interest in farm animal welfare is just one example – on product attribute evaluation and food choice decision-making, this has recently led to numerous studies about public and citizen concerns on the one hand (Verbeke 2002; Kanis, Groen, and De Greef 2003; Boogaard, Oosting, and Bock 2006; Lassen, Sandoe, and Forkman 2006; Maria, 2006; Van Poucke et al. 2006), and consumer attitudes and behaviour in relation with farm animal welfare on the other hand (Harper and Henson 2001; European Commission 2005; Frewer et al. 2005; Vanhonacker et al. 2006). This research focus was anticipated by Verbeke and Viaene (1999), who concluded, based on the analysis of a 1998 consumer sample in Flanders, that animal welfare and acceptable production methods emerged as key attention points for the future of livestock production and marketing, as well as public and consumer acceptance of animal-based food products. However, the interpretation of the concept of farm animal welfare differs considerably between different interest and stakeholder groups, and its conceptualisation is heavily influenced by convictions (
The impact of eastern European immigration to UK trade

Recently, the European Union [EU] expanded to include ten Central and Eastern European countries [CEEC]. The United Kingdom [UK] is gradually opening its labour markets to countries that have joined the EU. This paper examines some of the causes and consequences of growing immigration from CEEC and has policy implications. In this paper we investigate whether there is evidence of positive linkages between immigration and trade volumes. We specifically examine the impact of the presence of immigrants from some CEEC in the UK on bilateral trade flows. An augmented gravity model is estimated using a panel data set for the period 1991 – 2001. Results show that immigration had a positive impact on the volume of UK’s bilateral imports, but no effect on bilateral exports.
A Low-Cost Web-Based Tool for Pediatric Echocardiographic Consultation

E chocardiography provides important information for physicians in diagnosing heart disease. Due to issues of cost, personnel, and availability of qualified individuals, echocardiography has not been used to its full potential, especially in rural areas. Telemedicine applications linking physicians to underserved areas are increasing in number, especially in the area of radiology. ' < Real-time echocardiography is limited in the number of telemedicine rural sites. A store-and-forward system collects electronic information and stores it on a telemedicine system for viewing by a physician at a later date. This method of consultation of echocardiograms has been studied previously. However, the equipment used was not adequately integrated or interchangeable with other diagnostic equipment and was very labor-intensive for the purpose of their study. Echocardiograms have also been transmitted over regular telephone lines at 14 kbs (thousand bits per second). However, this resulted in large file transfers and required the technician to choose the selected segments to be studied by the consulting physician. With the availability of web-based systems, physicians who do not have access to a pediatric cardiologist could use a low-cost web-based tool for consultation.
TÜRKİYE’DE İTHALAT TALEBİNİN KOENTEGRASYON ANALİZİ: 1987(I)-2000(IV)

Bu calismada, Turkiye’nin 1987(1)-2000(4) donemine ait ithalat talebinin uzun donem seyri ele alinmaktadir. Ekonomide ithal edilebilir mallar, dis ticarete konu olan ticari mallar ve dis ticarete konu olmayan mallar olarak uc sektor bulunmaktadir. Ithalat talebinin GSYIH, ticari mallar ve dis ticarete konu olmayan mallarin fiyat endeksleri ile iliskisi incelenmektedir. Ithalat talebinin bu degiskenlerle uzun donem iliskisini ortaya koymak amaciyla koentegrasyon analizi yapilmaktadir. Koentegrasyon analizi icin degiskenlerin duraganlik testleri yapilmis ve uygun VAR modeli secilerek koentegre vektorlerin varligi icin koentegrasyon testi yapilmistir. Ayrica ithalat talebinin kisa donem tahmini FIML yontemi kullanilarak elde edilmektedir. Sonucta, Turkiye’nin uzun donemde ithal mallarinin yerine ikame edilecek mallarin rekabet gucunun olup olmadigi degerlendirilmektedir.
The intelligent city: singapore achieving the next lap

Singapare has become one of the Asian dragons, or newly industrializing economies (NIEs), and aspures tobecome a developed country over the next lap of 30-40 years. Its economic restruchuring to become an intelligent' city-state thrwing on manufacturing cum-services is spported by entigtened human resource development which has hanessed infosrmeation technology and telecommunications (IT&T). The success of Singapore as an intelligent city' is not only driven by companies but also bu clear-sighted govenmnent stratgies. In the next lap, IT&T is envisaged as upgrading the quality of life too.
A New Case for Skewed-Associativity

Skewed-associative caches have been shown to statisticaly exhibit lower miss ratios than set-associative caches at equal associativity degrees. But for L1 caches, the performance of a four-way set-associative cache is known to be quite close to that of a 16-way set-associative cache. In this paper, we first show that BTBs and L2 caches featuring long line size may benefit a lot from a high associativity degree on set-associative caches and a LRU replacement policy. Skewed-associative caches with an hypothetic LRU replacement policy «provide» this high associativity but with a low number of cache banks. Unfortunately, LRU replacement policies can not be easily implemented in hardware on skewed-associative caches. We propose some new replacement heuristics for skewed-associative caches. Those heuristics exhibit slightly worse behavior than a full LRU replacement policy, but still allow a 2-way skewed-associative cache to outperform a 4-way LRU set-associative cache and a 4-way skewed-associative cache to outperform a 16-way LRU set-associative cache. Therefore skewed-associativity allows significant miss reduction on BTBs and L2 caches.
Depo-Provera® Treatment Does Not Abrogate Protection from Intravenous SIV Challenge in Female Macaques Immunized with an Attenuated AIDS Virus

Background In a previous study, progesterone treatment of female monkeys immunized with live, attenuated SHIV89.6 abrogated the generally consistent protection from vaginal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge. The mechanisms responsible for the loss of protection remain to be defined. The objective of the present study was to determine whether Depo-Provera® administration alters protection from intravenous SIV challenge in SHIV-immunized female macaques. Methods and Findings Two groups of female macaques were immunized with attenuated SHIV89.6 and then challenged intravenously with SIVmac239. Four weeks before challenge, one animal group was treated with Depo-Provera®, a commonly used injectable contraceptive progestin. As expected, SHIV-immunized monkeys had significantly lower peak and set-point plasma viral RNA levels compared to naïve controls, but in contrast to previously published findings with vaginal SIV challenge, the Depo-Provera® SHIV-immunized animals controlled SIV replication to a similar, or even slightly greater, degree than did the untreated SHIV-immunized animals. Control of viral replication from week 4 to week 20 after challenge was more consistent in the progesterone-treated, SHIV-immunized animals than in untreated, SHIV-immunized animals. Although levels of interferon-γ production were similar, the SIV-specific CD8+ T cells of progesterone-treated animals expressed more functions than the anti-viral CD8+ T cells from untreated animals. Conclusions Depo-Provera® did not diminish the control of viral replication after intravenous SIV challenge in female macaques immunized with a live-attenuated lentivirus. This result contrasts with the previously reported effect of Depo-Provera® on protection from vaginal SIV challenge and strongly implies that the decreased protection from vaginal challenge is due to effects of progesterone on the genital tract rather than to systemic effects. Further, these results demonstrate that the effects of hormonal contraceptives on vaccine efficacy need to be considered in the context of testing and use of an AIDS vaccine.
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Substance P Expression and Topographic Map Maintenance by a Cholinergic Pathway

We have assessed the role of activity in the adult frog visual system in modulating two aspects of neuronal plasticity: neurotransmitter expression and topographic map maintenance. Chronic treatment of one tectal lobe with the non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione decreased the percentage of substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-IR) tectal cells in the untreated lobe while disrupting topographic map formation in the treated one. Treatment with the NMDA receptor antagonistd-(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (d-AP-5) disrupted the topographic map but had no affect on SP-IR cells. These results indicate that maintenance of the topographic map is dependent on direct input from the glutamatergic retinal ganglion cells, whereas substance P (SP) expression is being regulated by a pathway that relays activity from one tectal lobe to the other. Such a pathway is provided by the cholinergic nucleus isthmi, which is reciprocally connected to the ipsilateral tectum and sends a projection to the contralateral one. Mecamylamine and atropine, antagonists of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, respectively, were used together to block all cholinergic activity or alone to block receptor subclass activity. All three treatments decreased SP expression and disrupted the topographic map in the treated tectal lobe. We conclude that both SP expression and topographic map maintenance in the adult optic tectum are activity-dependent processes. Although our results are consistent with the maintenance of the topographic map through an NMDA receptor-based mechanism, they suggest that SP expression is regulated by a cholinergic interaction that depends on retinal ganglion cell input only for its activation.
Quality of life after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: 2 year longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE We performed a 2 year longitudinal survey of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP) in Japanese men with localized prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We measured 112 patients who underwent RP with SF-36 and University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index before and 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS Patients who underwent RP showed problems in some domains of general HRQOL, but these problems diminished over time. Mental health significantly improved throughout the follow-up period. The urinary function substantially declined at 3 months and continued to recover gradually but never returned to the baseline. Urinary bother at 3 months showed a significant decrease, but at 6 months it returned to baseline. The data of sexual function and bother showed a substantially lower score after RP. Patients lost their sexual desire significantly throughout the post-operative period. After 12 months, the nerve sparing group had significantly better improvement in sexual function than the non-nerve sparing group and this improvement continued up to 2 years after operation. CONCLUSION Despite reports of problems with sexuality and urinary continence, general HRQOL was mostly unaffected by RP after 6 months. RP had a favorable impact on mental health. Although urinary function did not completely return to the baseline level even at 2 years after RP, recovery from urinary bother was rapid. RP had serious consequences on libido, erectile function and sexual activity. In the second year, the sexual function of those who underwent RP with bilateral nerve sparing procedure continued to improve.
A three-dimensional finite element analysis of a passive and friction fit implant abutment interface and the influence of occlusal table dimension on the stress distribution pattern on the implant and surrounding bone

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the stress distribution pattern in the implant and the surrounding bone for a passive and a friction fit implant abutment interface and to analyze the influence of occlusal table dimension on the stress generated. Materials and Methods : CAD models of two different types of implant abutment connections, the passive fit or the slip-fit represented by the Nobel Replace Tri-lobe connection and the friction fit or active fit represented by the Nobel active conical connection were made. The stress distribution pattern was studied at different occlusal dimension. Six models were constructed in PRO-ENGINEER 05 of the two implant abutment connection for three different occlusal dimensions each. The implant and abutment complex was placed in cortical and cancellous bone modeled using a computed tomography scan. This complex was subjected to a force of 100 N in the axial and oblique direction. The amount of stress and the pattern of stress generated were recorded on a color scale using ANSYS 13 software. Results : The results showed that overall maximum Von Misses stress on the bone is significantly less for friction fit than the passive fit in any loading conditions stresses on the implant were significantly higher for the friction fit than the passive fit. The narrow occlusal table models generated the least amount of stress on the implant abutment interface. Conclusion : It can thus be concluded that the conical connection distributes more stress to the implant body and dissipates less stress to the surrounding bone. A narrow occlusal table considerably reduces the occlusal overload.
Emerging Guidelines for Communicating with Animation in Mobile User Interfaces

Animations are a widely used design element in mobile user interfaces; however, it is unclear how these uses of animation support or challenge prior research. Therefore, I examine the current animation guidelines published by Microsoft, Apple, and Google, and then compare these guidelines to seven design principles proposed by previous studies (solidity, exaggeration, reinforcement, attachment, reluctance, smoothness, anticipation). I then examine the animation types (e.g., rotation and fading) used by a specific mobile application. By comparing current practices to previous research, I argue that decades-old design principles can be used to understand and clarify the frequent injunction to design animation that is "realistic" and/or "lively. " I also call attention to emerging terms and concepts that are not covered by prior research, providing possible threads for future study.
PR ] 2 7 M ar 2 01 0 Hedging under arbitrage ∗

It is shown that delta hedging provides the optimal trading s trategy in terms of minimal required initial capital to replicate a given terminal payoff in a continuous-time Markovian context. This holds true in market models where no equivalent lo cal martingale measure exists but only a square-integrable market price of risk. A new probabi lity measure is constructed, which takes the place of an equivalent local martingale measure. I n order to ensure the existence of the delta hedge, sufficient conditions are derived for the ne cessary differentiability of expectations indexed over the initial market configuration. The rec ently often discussed phenomenon of “bubbles” is a special case of the setting in this paper. Se veral examples at the end illustrate the techniques described in this work.
Evidence for recent star formation in BCGs : A correspondence between blue cores and UV excess

We present a joint analysis of near-ultraviolet (NUV) data from the GALEX mission and (optical) colour profiles for a sample of 7 Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) in the Canadian Cluster Comparison Project. We find that every BCG which has a blue rest-frame UV colour also shows a blue-core in its optical colour profile. Conversely, BCGs that lack blue cores and show monotonic colour gradients typical of old elliptical galaxies, are red in the UV. We interpret this as evidence that the NUV enhancement in the blue BCGs is driven by recent star formation and not from old evolved stellar populations such as horizontal branch stars. Furthermore, the UV enhancement cannot be from an AGN because the spatial extent of the blue cores is significantly larger than the possible contamination region due to a massive black hole. The recent star formation in the blue BCGs typically has an age less than 200 Myrs and contributes mass fractions of less than a percent. Although the sample studied here is small, we demonstrate, for the first time, a one-to-one correspondence between blue cores in elliptical galaxies (in particular BCGs) and a NUV-enhancement observed using GALEX. The combination of this one-to-one correspondence and the consistently young age of recent star formation, coupled with additional correlations with the host cluster’s X-ray properties, strongly suggests that the star formation is fueled by gas cooling out of the intracluster medium. In turn, this implies that any AGN heating of the intracluster medium in massive clusters only acts to reduce the magnitude of the cooling flow and that once this flow starts, it is nearly always active. Collectively, these results suggest that AGN feedback in present-day BCGs, while important, cannot be as efficient as suggested by the recent theoretical model by proposed by De Lucia et al. (2006).
Skill formation and job matching effects in wage growth: the case of manufacturing workers in Ethiopia

In this paper, I analyse production and labour market data from a random sample of manufacturing firms in Ethiopia in order to test for skill formation and job matching effects in wage growth. Based on estimated labor market experience and job seniority profiles of relative marginal pro¬ductivity and relative wages, I find that both on-the-job skill formation and job matching are significant sources the growth of productivity and wages with time in the labour market. However, there is also evidence in the same data that job matching is by far the more important of the two sources: net mobility gains are at least twice the return to skill formation for workers with at most ten years of time in the labour market.