Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender and Campaign Communication: TV Ads, Web Sites, and Media Coverage

Gender and Campaign Communication: TV Ads, Web Sites, and Media Coverage By Dianne Bystrom Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics Iowa State University From the time a candidate contemplates her candidacy to the day of the election, she will be engaged in some aspect of communication. Analysis of female candidates’ communication— primarily their television commercials and web sites—during political campaigns reveals their styles and strategies in running for public office and offers a comparison with male candidates. Similarly, by looking at the media coverage of female and male candidates for political office, we can see how both are presented to voters and speculate on how differences in coverage may affect their support from voters. This paper focuses on the three major communication channels through which voters see candidates—their newspaper coverage, television commercials, and web sites. In today’s political campaign, the media are powerful and important sources of information, not necessarily because they influence voting behavior, although there is some evidence that they do, but because they draw attention to the candidates and their campaigns. Moreover, candidates— especially for federal and statewide elected office—have found that the media provide efficient ways to reach potential voters and, thus, focus their campaigns on getting their messages out through television ads, web sites, and newspaper coverage. Media Coverage of Women Political Candidates Women forging new political ground often struggle to receive media coverage and legitimacy in the eyes of the media and, subsequently, the public. According to some observers, journalists often hold women politicians accountable for the actions of their husbands and children, though they rarely hold male candidates to the same standards. They ask women
Significance of placental pathology in transplacental haemorrhage

Placentae were examined from 120 women whose pregnancy and delivery was normal, from 264 women whose pregnancy or delivery was complicated, and from 98 women who were Rh-negative without antibodies and 35 women Rh-negative with antibodies. The presence of Kline's haemorrhages, intervillous thrombi, infarcts, and retroplacental haemorrhages was positively correlated with the presence of foetal cells in the maternal circulation. When there were no maternal antibodies transplacental haemorrhages occurred occasionally in the absence of such placental lesions but more frequently when these lesions were present. Moreover, the greater the number of lesions in a placenta the greater the size of the transplacental haemorrhage. In Rh-negative women with antibodies the observed incidence of transplacental haemorrhage was significantly less despite an appreciable increase in placental lesions.
Oil Price Shocks-Macro Economy Relationship in Turkey

This paper analyzes the impact of oil price shocks on the selected macroeconomic variables in Turkey for the period of 1990Q1-2011Q4. Vector Autoregression (VAR) models and bivariate Granger causality tests are applied to determine the oil price shocks - macro economy relationship. The empirical findings show that both symmetric and positive oil price shocks decrease industrial production, money supply, and imports while the negative oil price shocks increase imports. Granger causality analysis demonstrate that symmetric and positive oil price shocks Granger-cause industrial production and imports in Turkey.
Public Speech and the Power of the People in Democratic Athens

I will defend three premises. (1) If we take democracy to mean what ancient Greeks took it to mean—“political power wielded actively and collectively by the demos” (i.e., all residents of the state who are culturally defined as potential citizens, regardless of their class or status)—then Athens was a democracy. (2) Even granted that Athens excluded from regular political participation persons Greeks did not regard as potential citizens (slaves, women, most foreigners, children), the historical example of the Athenian experience with democracy should be taken seriously by democratic theorists interested in expanding “the bounds of the possible” (as well as “of the thinkable”). (3) The Athenian demos exercised its collective power in order to prevent elite political domination, and thus the “power of the people” was not a cover for elite rule. These premises do not mean that the people's power was in some ontological sense “pure,” or “undistorted”—indeed it was arguably through the tightly coiled and convoluted “distortions” of social and political power that the Athenian democratic order counterbalanced elite social power. Nor can Athens, with its acceptance of slavery, exclusion of women and foreigners from political participation, and jingoistic “blood and soil” doctrine, be considered a readymade model for a just, modern political society. It can be argued (incorrectly I believe: Ober 1989a, 20-35), that democracy in Athens was fundamentally dependent upon slavery, or empire, or the exclusion of women and foreigners.
Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Consensus Statement

Background Published studies of exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), when assessed individually, often provide equivocal or conflicting results. Systematic reviews aggregate evidence from individual studies to provide a global assessment of the quality of evidence and to inform recommendations. Objectives Evaluate evidence to determine: if EIPH adversely affects the health, welfare or both of horses; if EIPH affects the athletic capacity of horses; the efficacy of prophylactic interventions for EIPH; and if furosemide affects the athletic capacity of horses. Animals None. Materials and Methods Systematic review. A panel of 7 experts was formed to assess evidence in the peer reviewed literature addressing each of the 4 objectives. Methodology followed that of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Publications were assessed for quality of evidence by working groups of the panel, and a summary of findings was presented in tables. Recommendations were based on quality of evidence and were determined by a vote of the panel. Results Much of the evidence was of low to very low quality. Experimental studies frequently lacked adequate statistical power. There was moderate to high quality evidence that EIPH is progressive, is associated with lung lesions, that it adversely affects racing performance, that severe EIPH (Grade 4) is associated with a shorter career duration, that furosemide is efficacious in decreasing the incidence and severity of EIPH, and that administration of furosemide is associated with superior race performance. Conclusions and clinical significance Strong recommendation that EIPH be considered a disease and a weak recommendation for use of furosemide in management of racehorses with EIPH.
Comparative Static Properties of Regulated Airline Oligopolies

Airline regulation is assumed to fix fares and the number of competitors. Noncooperative schedule determination in a single regulated market served by a small number of carriers is analyzed. Comparative static effects of changes in cost and demand conditions, regulated fares, and numbers of carriers on rates of return, load factors, flight frequency, and excess profits are considered. The signs of important effects are either definite or depend simply on one or two observable magnitudes. Interpretations of the results are presented, and some implications for regulatory policy and future research are discussed.
Sustained release microspheres of metoclopramide using poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers.

Metoclopramide was encapsulated with poly(D,L-lactide co glycolide) copolymers of different molecular weights using the emulsification/solvent evaporation technique. These polymers included poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 with inherent viscosity (i.v.) 0.2, and average molecular weight 8000, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 with i.v. 0.8 and average molecular weight 98000 and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 85:15 with i.v. 1.4 and average molecular weight 220000. The effect of the polymers' molecular weights as well as the polymer-to-drug ratios on the yield, the particle size distribution, and the drug content of the microspheres was investigated. The release rate of the drug was studied for 96 h in a phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. The study also investigated the effect of the new poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-H series on the characteristics of the prepared microspheres. Data revealed that a higher yield was obtained with polymers of lower molecular weights. A lower yield was also obtained with increasing the drug-to-polymer ratios for all the investigated polymers. The drug content of the microspheres was lower than expected, ranging from 49-85%, which suggested a chemical interaction between the drug and the polymers, as proved by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infra red (IR) studies. A higher interaction was obtained with the H-series of the copolymers. The release of the drug mainly followed zero order kinetics on increasing either the polymers' molecular weights or the polymer-to-drug ratios. Diffusion kinetics was observed only with those batches prepared with low polymer-to-drug ratios. The release rate was a function of both the polymers' molecular weights and the drug-to-polymer ratios.
Uneven Public Transportation Development in Neoliberalizing Chicago, USA

This paper examines how neoliberal urbanization has transformed the role of public transportation into an entrepreneurial tool that creates place-based advantages for capital in global cities. Using Chicago, USA as a case study, I examine new transit-construction projects focused on Chicago's downtown Central Area—the Express Airport Service and Circle Line—to demonstrate how public transit infrastructure is increasingly deployed as a means to attract global capital as well as enhance affluent residents' and tourists' rights to the city. I contrast these projects to the lack of new public transit investment for areas outside of Chicago's downtown global city showcase zone. Declining service levels and unreliable transit infrastructure due to the neoliberal retrenchment in the public sector are also constricting working people's right to the city. Taken together, these trends express the nature of uneven public transit development emerging in the neoliberal city of Chicago.
Pathophysiology and treatment of patients with beta-thalassemia – an update

Thalassemia (thal) is an autosomal recessive, hereditary, chronic hemolytic anemia due to a partial or complete deficiency in the synthesis of α-globin chains (α-thal) or β-globin chains (β-thal) that compose the major adult hemoglobin (α 2β 2). It is caused by one or more mutations in the corresponding genes. The unpaired globin chains are unstable; they precipitate intracellularly, resulting in hemolysis, premature destruction of red blood cell [RBC] precursors in the bone marrow, and a short life-span of mature RBCs in the circulation. The state of anemia is treated by frequent RBC transfusions. This therapy results in the accumulation of iron (iron overload), a condition that is exacerbated by the breakdown products of hemoglobin (heme and iron) and the increased iron uptake for the chronic accelerated, but ineffective, RBC production. Iron catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in excess are toxic, causing damage to vital organs such as the heart and liver and the endocrine system. Herein, we review recent findings regarding the pathophysiology underlying the major symptoms of β-thal and potential therapeutic modalities for the amelioration of its complications, as well as new modalities that may provide a cure for the disease.
What's measured is what matters: targets and gaming in the English public health care system

In the 2000s, governments in the UK, particularly in England, developed a system of governance of public services that combined targets with an element of terror. This has obvious parallels with the Soviet regime, which was initially successful but then collapsed. Assumptions underlying governance by targets represent synecdoche (taking a part to stand for a whole); and that problems of measurement and gaming do not matter. We examine the robustness of the regime of targets and terror to these assumptions using evidence from the English public health service on reported successes, problems of measurement, and gaming. Given this account, we consider the adequacy of current audit arrangements and ways of developing governance by targets in order to counter the problems we have identified.
Characteristics or Covariances?

During the past 35 years, value investors have generally outperformed growth investors. The persistent performance advantage of value stocks over growth stocks can arise either because of fundamental risk differences between the styles or as a result of the mispricing of value stocks. The authors provide evidence that a stock’s expected return is determined more by its characteristics than by its return pattern. After controlling for stock characteristics, the authors find that factor sensitivities provide no information about a stock’s expected rate of return. This evidence tends to support the mispricing, rather than the risk-based, explanation of the return premium associated with value stocks.
Stock Repurchases in Canada: Performance and Strategic Trading

During the 1980s, U.S. firms that announced stock repurchase programs earned favorable long-run returns. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the robustness of these findings. This comes at a time of explosive worldwide growth in the adoption of repurchase programs. This study provides out-of-sample evidence for 1,060 Canadian repurchase programs announced between 1989 and 1997. As in the U.S., the Canadian stock market seems to discount the information contained in repurchase announcements. Value stocks announcing repurchase programs have particularly favorable returns. Canadian law requires companies to report how many shares they repurchase on a monthly basis. We find that managers are sensitive to mispricing as completion rates are higher in cases where undervaluation may be a more important factor. Moreover, trades are linked to price movements; managers buy more shares when prices fall and reduce their buying when prices rise.
Conditional Cash Transfers and Child Labour

and evaluated only in terms of efficiency, fragmented and isolated from other relevant ideas and that treats global and social policy tools ahistorically may distract us from the task of addressing the socio-economic, cultural and political processes that lead toward impoverishment and the durability of poverty. CCTs and their recent success in relation to the south as well as the criticisms this policy idea is raising should remind us that there is a long discussion already, for example in theUSA, about how the fragmented view of social protectionmechanisms belongs to the language of welfare roll backs and is the result of highly unequal societies that have stigmatized and even criminalized the poor. Equally important is the type of social research associated with such traditions; aggregative, quantitative, blind to cultural and sociological aspects of poor communities, and subsumed to political goals rather than critical. Ignoring the many pages and policy evaluations done over the years in most advanced economies about the limitations of such type of social research is not an efficient use of taxpayers’ resources. CCTs can be appropriate policy suggestions within a particular context and it is an investigation of the context that I suggest is needed now rather than more isolated analyses of whether these policies are or not efficient per se. The task of integral and historical perspectives on how best to eradicate poverty and promote social justice is most urgent at a time when risks, shocks, uncertainties, and possible dramatic changes in livelihoods are already visible through processes of global transformation related to both the current global economic crises and Global Climate Change.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase‐Expressing Astrocytes Exhibit Enhanced Energetic Metabolism and Increase PC12 Cell Survival Under Glucose Deprivation

Abstract : Astrocytes play a key role by catabolizing glutamate from extracellular space into glutamine and tricarboxylic acid components. We previously produced an astrocytic cell line that constitutively expressed glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), which converts glutamate into GABA to increase the capacity of astrocytes to metabolize glutamate. In this study, GAD‐expressing astrocytes in the presence of glutamate were shown to have increased energy metabolism, as determined by a moderate increase of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction, by an increased ATP level, and by enhanced lactate release. These changes were due to GAD transgene expression because transient expression of a GAD antisense plasmid resulted in partial suppression of the ATP level increase. These astrocytes had an increased survival in response to glucose deprivation in the presence of glutamate compared with the parental astrocytes, and they were also able to enhance survival of a neuronal‐like cell line (PC12) under glucose deprivation. This protection may be partially due to the increased lactate release by GAD‐expressing astrocytes because PC12 cell survival was enhanced by lactate and pyruvate under glucose deprivation. These results suggest that the establishment of GAD expression in astrocytes enhancing glutamate catabolism could be an interesting strategy to increase neuronal survival under hypoglycemia conditions.
Infection control measures to limit antimicrobial resistance

Increasing antimicrobial resistance has resulted in a rapidly decreasing array of therapeutic options for infections in the critical care setting. Reports of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus raise the possibility of patients being infected with a virulent pathogen for which most antibiotics are ineffective. Infection control methods to contain resistance, exclusive of antimicrobial restrictions, focus on surveillance to identify carriers of resistant organisms, prevention of nosocomial infections, adequate hand hygiene, isolation of patients who harbor resistant organisms, and the use of barrier techniques such as gowns and gloves. Surveillance using clinical isolates alone is inadequate for the identification of the majority of patients who carry resistant organisms. However, it is unclear what intensity of surveillance is needed to control the spread of these organisms in the intensive care unit in nonoutbreak situations. Attempts at eradicating carriage are often unsuccessful when there is extranasal colonization with methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Transmission of resistant organisms is primarily the result of transient contamination of healthcare workers’ hands. Adequate handwashing, isolation of carriers, and barrier techniques are all necessary for containing resistance within the intensive care unit, however, compliance with these measures can be compromised by high staff turnover and heavy workload.
Personnel knowledge of the pay system, pay satisfaction and pay effectiveness: evidence from Finnish personnel funds

Using data collected from over 1,000 individuals in 30 Finnish personnel funds, we study the links between pay knowledge, pay satisfaction and pay effectiveness. We find consistent evidence that higher levels of pay knowledge are associated with improved pay satisfaction and perceived pay effectiveness at the organizational level. We find that pay knowledge has an independent impact on organizational outcomes, rather than being mediated through pay satisfaction. Finally, comparing measures of actual pay knowledge and perceived pay knowledge, we find that the measures of actual knowledge were better connected to the outcomes. This last result suggests that to reliably estimate the relationship between pay knowledge and pay effectiveness researchers should prefer measures of actual knowledge.
The Effects Of Organizational Context And Teamworking Activities On Performance Outcomes

Abstract This article seeks to evaluate the effects of organizational context and teamworking activities on the performance outcomes of public sector workers. Ability, Motivation and Opportunity (AMO) theory is used as the basis of this study in which it is predicted that employees' ability, motivation and opportunities to participate will affect organizational performance. Procter and Mueller's (2000) framework is used to identify relevant HR contextual features, namely discretionary rewards, appraisal, training and development, industrial relations and organizational culture. Data based on the 2003 Local Government Workplace Survey (N = 3,165) were used to test six research hypotheses and related sub-hypotheses. The findings show that individually, the effects of organizational context and teamworking activities were as hypothesized and consistent with AMO theory. However, the interaction effects were far less pronounced in that they were either non-significant or negative, with the exception of the interaction term teamworking X appraisal, which positively predicted organizational commitment. However, the teamworking X appraisal interaction also led to increased stress, something we consider to be a ‘sting in the tail’ for workers. Thus we argue that even though the interaction effects of teamworking and organizational context are minimal, the individual effects contribute to enhanced worker attitudes and perceived organizational performance.
Meeting career expectation: can it enhance job satisfaction of Generation Y?

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the influence of career expectations on job satisfaction of Generation Y, as well as the mediating effect of career expectations on the relationship between hotel career management (HCM) and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from the main tourist cities in China with Generation Y employees working in the hospitality industry as the target population. A total of 442 valid questionnaires were obtained, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships among the constructs. Findings – HCM contributed positively to employees’ career expectation and job satisfaction. Career expectation was positively related to job satisfaction, as well as mediated the relationship between HCM and job satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited by the use of self-reported data in the cross-sectional design because all participants filled out the questionnaires by themselves. The use of convenience sampling me.