Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method of leakage reduction and slew-rate adjustment in 2×VDD output buffer for 28 nm CMOS technology and above

As the CMOS technology advancing rapidly, it becomes urgent to find a solution toward the suppress of rising leakage current. In recent researches, the optimization of MOS length was reported to decrease 30% subthreshold leakage current at the sacrifice of only several percent dynamic power and active area. Besides, Dual-Vth method was proposed to compromise the leakage current and the slew-rate (SR) performance. In this paper, the proposed 2×VDD output buffer with a novel PVTL (Process, Voltage, Temperature, Leakage) compensation circuit takes advantage of combining the two methods mentioned above to achieve 75% subthreshold current reduction in cutoff region, and better SR with the gate leakage trade-off. The proposed design is all-corner simulated at 800 MHz data rate and a 20 pF load given 1.05 V/1.8 V supply voltage using in a typical 28 nm CMOS process to justify the performance of the proposed compensation circuit.
Liver Resection Combined with Local Ablation: Where Are the Limits

Background/Aims: Partial hepatectomy for liver tumors is potentially curative but unfortunately available only for a limited number of patients. Local tumor destruction by ablation has expanded criteria for treatment and potential cure for patients with liver tumors. This paper gives an overview of the possibilities and limitations of ablation of liver tumors. Methods: A search of relevant peer-reviewed literature was conducted. Results: Investigations in the second half of the 18th century paved the way for application of electromagnetic fields in living organisms. Currently, indications for thermoablation are (1) unresectable liver tumors, (2) bridging therapy for a more definitive treatment, (3) debulking of symptomatic hormonally active liver tumors, and (4) patients unfit for major abdominal procedures. Although randomized trials on the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are scarce, the results thus far suggest that the combination of partial liver resection and local ablation offers cure rates in the same order of magnitude as partial liver resection – the ‘gold standard’ – alone. Additionally, RFA seems to be associated with a lower morbidity and mortality rate as compared to partial liver resection. One of the disadvantages is the reported high incidence of ablation site recurrences of sometimes up to 30%. This is especially related to a larger size of ablated tumors and tumors close to large vessels. Also, RFA is a rather time-consuming procedure. On theoretical grounds, ablation with microwaves is more effective and faster and seems to be associated with a lower incidence of ablation site recurrences. Conclusions: Ablation has acquired a place in the arsenal of treatment modalities for patients with liver tumors and expanded the indications for treatment with a curative intent. Further evolution of the technique and the proof that it has at least the same oncological result with a lower morbidity as partial hepatectomy are required in the near future.
Environment drives high phylogenetic turnover among oceanic bacterial communities

Although environmental filtering has been observed to influence the biodiversity patterns of marine bacterial communities, it was restricted to the regional scale and to the species level, leaving the main drivers unknown at large biogeographic scales and higher taxonomic levels. Bacterial communities with different species compositions may nevertheless share phylogenetic lineages, and phylogenetic turnover (PT) among those communities may be surprisingly low along any biogeographic or environmental gradient. Here, we investigated the relative influence of environmental filtering and geographical distance on the PT between marine bacterial communities living more than 8000 km apart in contrasted abiotic conditions. PT was high between communities and was more structured by local environmental factors than by geographical distance, suggesting the predominance of a lineage filtering process. Strong phenotype-environment mismatches observed in the ocean may surpass high connectivity between marine microbial communities.
A Neural Dissociation within Language: Evidence that the Mental Dictionary Is Part of Declarative Memory, and that Grammatical Rules Are Processed by the Procedural System

Language comprises a lexicon for storing words and a grammar for generating rule-governed forms. Evidence is presented that the lexicon is part of a temporal-parietalhnedial-temporal declarative memory system and that granlmatical rules are processed by a frontamasal-ganglia procedural system. Patients produced past tenses of regular and novel verbs (looked and plagged), which require an -ed-suffixation rule, and irregular verbs (dug), which are retrieved from memory. Word-finding difficulties in posterior aphasia, and the general declarative memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease, led to more errors with irregular than regular and novel verbs. Grammatical difficulties in anterior aphasia, and the general impairment of procedures in Parkinson's disease, led to the opposite pattern. In contrast to the Parkinson's patients, who showed sup pressed motor activity and rule use, Huntington's disease patients showed excess motor activity and rule use, underscoring a role for the basal ganglia in grammatical processing.
Scaling properties of delay tolerant networks with correlated motion patterns

Mobile wireless networks with intermittent connectivity, often called Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs), have recently received a lot of attention because of their efficiency in various application scenarios where delay is noncritical. DTN routing and transport protocols effectively overcome partial connectivity by letting the nodes carry-and-forward data. The scalability of DTN protocols is very important for protocol design and evaluation. In particular, we need models that allow us to predict the performance of DTN as a function of node mobility behavior (e.g., inter-contact times). Yet so far little work has been done to develop a unified framework that formalizes DTN performance as a function of motion behavior. In this paper, we represent DTNs as a class of wireless mobile networks with intermittent connectivity, where the inter-contact behavior of an arbitrary pair of nodes can be described by a generalized two-phase distribution (i.e., a power-law head with an exponential tail). Recent experiments have confirmed that the two-phase distribution is the most realistic model for vehicular and pedestrian scenarios, where the specific shape of the distribution depends on the degree of correlation among mobile traces. Using this DTN model, we make the following contributions. First, we extend the throughput and delay scaling results of Grossglauser and Tse (derived for exponential inter-contact time distributions) to the two-phase distribution with motion correlation. Second, we analyze the impact of finite buffer on the capacity scaling properties of DTNs, again for different correlation behaviors. Finally, we validate our analytical results with a simulation study.
On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Linguistic Feedback

This paper is an exploration in the semantics and pragmatics of linguistic feedback, i.e., linguistic mechanisms which enable the participants in spoken interaction to exchange information about basic communicative functions, such as contact, perception, understanding, and attitudinal reactions to the communicated content. Special attention is given to the type of reaction conveyed by feedback utterances, the communicative status of the information conveyed (i. e., the level of awareness and intentionality of the communicating sender), and the context sensitivity of feedback expressions. With regard to context sensitivity, which is one of the most characteristic features of feedback expressions, the discussion focuses on the way in which the type of speech act (mood), the factual polarity and the information status of the preceding utterance influence the interpretation of feedback utterances. The different content dimensions are exemplified by data from recorded dialogues and by data given through linguistic intuition. Finally, two different ways of formalizing the analysis are examined, one using attribute-value matrices and one based on the theory of situation semantics.
Vietnam veterans: overreporting versus acceptable reporting of symptoms.

Overreporting of symptoms among Vietnam combat veterans is a problem area with little research. Five hundred thirty Vietnam-era veterans were given the MMPI. They were divided according to two criteria, combat status and reporting status. For combat status, subjects were either in Vietnam (in-country) or in the military but not in Vietnam (Vietnam-era) between 1964 and 1975. For reporting status, the MMPI overreporting criteria of the subtle-obvious (S-O) items given by Green (1986) were used. Overreporters had an S-O total of > 160, and acceptable subjects were at or below this figure. Also, all subjects who responded randomly were excluded (MMPI Test-Retest scales > 4). Results indicated that a high number of subjects randomly responded to the MMPI, and that in-country veterans met the overreporting criteria in greater numbers than the Vietnam-era group. Also, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) showed significant differences among groups in four distinct areas—MMPI basic scales, Harris-Lingoes,.
Reading trustworthiness in faces without recognizing faces

We show that developmental prosopagnosics with severe impairments in both memory for faces and perception of facial identity can make normal trustworthiness judgements of novel faces. We tested four prosopagnosics on three different face sets. The first set consisted of faces that varied on multiple dimensions and that have been used to demonstrate impairments in trustworthiness judgements of patients with bilateral amygdala damage. The second and third sets consisted of standardized faces with direct gaze, neutral expression, and similar age. On all tests, two prosopagnosics made judgements that closely agreed with control judgements while the other two showed weak agreement but within the normal range. The performance of the tests was correlated suggesting that the tests mapped the same underlying judgement irrespective of the specific face stimuli. The normal performance of two of the prosopagnosics suggests that forming person impressions from faces involves mechanisms functionally independent of mechanisms for encoding the identity of faces.
Computational Neurogenetic Modelling: a Pathway to New Discoveries in Genetic Neuroscience

The paper presents a methodology for using computational neurogenetic modelling (CNGM) to bring new original insights into how genes influence the dynamics of brain neural networks. CNGM is a novel computational approach to brain neural network modelling that integrates dynamic gene networks with artificial neural network model (ANN). Interaction of genes in neurons affects the dynamics of the whole ANN model through neuronal parameters, which are no longer constant but change as a function of gene expression. Through optimization of interactions within the internal gene regulatory network (GRN), initial gene/protein expression values and ANN parameters, particular target states of the neural network behaviour can be achieved, and statistics about gene interactions can be extracted. In such a way, we have obtained an abstract GRN that contains predictions about particular gene interactions in neurons for subunit genes of AMPA, GABAA and NMDA neuro-receptors. The extent of sequence conservation for 20 subunit proteins of all these receptors was analysed using standard bioinformatics multiple alignment procedures. We have observed abundance of conserved residues but the most interesting observation has been the consistent conservation of phenylalanine (F at position 269) and leucine (L at position 353) in all 20 proteins with no mutations. We hypothesise that these regions can be the basis for mutual interactions. Existing knowledge on evolutionary linkage of their protein families and analysis at molecular level indicate that the expression of these individual subunits should be coordinated, which provides the biological justification for our optimized GRN.
Public Understanding of Science in Pacific Northwest Salmon Recovery Policy

ABSTRACT In the arena of salmon recovery policy, stakeholders often propose that science should guide policy, frame their positions in scientific terms, and construct scientific arguments to support their positions. However, there are also appeals to involve citizens more thoroughly in policymaking. An important step in bringing science and citizens together is to investigate how citizens understand the processes, actors, institutions, and knowledge of science. Discourse analysis of the testimony of 51 nonscientist stakeholders to Congressional committees between 1998 and 2000 revealed that 14 used discourses of science. These understandings related to scientific process, scientific knowledge, and scientists as policy actors. Individual citizens employed multiple culturally available discourses based on a traditional, authoritative understanding of science to support their own positions, while others' views were invalidated based on a skeptical-realist understanding. Findings provide mixed comfort for policymakers and resource managers.
The Developmental Trajectory of Self-Injurious Behaviours in Individuals with Prader Willi Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability

In the present study we examined the nature and developmental trajectory of self-injurious behaviour in Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of interventions is greatly aided by understanding gene to behaviour pathways, and this requires an accurate description of the behaviour phenotype, that is, which types and natural history of self-injurious behaviour are more common in PWS and ASD and which are shared with other forms of developmental disability. Self-injury displayed by individuals with PWS and individuals with ASD was compared with that reported in a group of individuals with intellectual disability due to mixed aetiology (ID group). Three self-injurious behaviours (head banging, skin-picking and hitting and/or biting self) were measured on five occasions over 18 years using the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC) a well-validated caregiver report measure. Rates of skin picking were higher in individuals with PWS and hitting and/or biting self was higher in individuals with ASD compared to the ID group. Rates of head banging were similar across the three groups. Over time, skin-picking and head banging increased with age for individuals with ASD and hitting and/or biting self increased for the PWS group. In the PWS and mixed ID groups head banging decreased with age. These findings suggest that the typology and developmental trajectories of self-injurious behaviours differ between those with PWS and ASD.
A Tool for Data Warehouse Multidimensional Schema Design using Ontology

The data warehouse has become a necessary component for an effective analysis of large businesses. It is widely accepted that the data warehouse must be structured according to the multidimensional model to facilitate OLAP analysis. The two driving force for the design of a multidimensional model are data source and business requirements. In recent years in addition to operational databases, web data has become an important source for data warehouse. The web data may be semi-structured or unstructured and exhibit several heterogeneity issues. Hence the design of multidimensional model has become a tedious task. The use of semantic web technologies such as ontology helps to represent such web data into coherent information which can be incorporated in a data Warehouse. Ontology also helps to represent the business requirements in a formal way, which need to be used during the design. In this paper we present an ontology driven tool which helps to automatically derive the conceptual model and logical model for the data warehouse from data source and business requirements. We make use of ontology and its reasoning capabilities at various stages of our tool to facilitate the design task.
Power-aware complexity-scalable multiview video coding for mobile devices

We propose a novel power-aware scheme for complexity-scalable multiview video coding on mobile devices. Our scheme exploits the asymmetric view quality which is based on the binocular suppression theory. Our scheme employs different quality-complexity classes (QCCs) and adapts at run time depending upon the current battery state. It thereby enables a run-time tradeoff between complexity and video quality. The experimental results show that our scheme is superior to state-of-the-art and it provides an up to 87% complexity reduction while keeping the PSNR close to the exhaustive mode decision. We have demonstrated the power-aware adaptivity between different QCCs using a laptop with battery charging and discharging scenarios.
trans-Dominant and non-trans-dominant mutant simian virus 40 large T antigens show distinct responses to ATP

Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication requires the coordinated action of multiple biochemical activities intrinsic to the virus-encoded large tumor antigen (T antigen). We report the preliminary biochemical characterization of the T antigens encoded by three SV40 mutants, 5030, 5031, and 5061, each of which have altered residues within or near the ATP binding pocket. All three mutants are defective for viral DNA replication in cultured cell lines. However, while 5030 and 5031 can be complemented in vivo by providing a wild-type T antigen in trans, 5061 exhibits a strong trans-dominant-negative phenotype. In order to determine the basis for their replication defects and to explore the mechanisms of trans dominance, we purified the T antigens encoded by each of these mutants and examined their activities in vitro. The 5061 T antigen had no measurable ATPase activity and failed to hexamerize in response to ATP, and its affinity for the SV40 origin of DNA replication (ori) DNA was not increased by ATP. In contrast, the 5030 and 5031 T antigens exhibited at least some ATPase activity and both readily formed hexamers in the presence of ATP. These mutants differed in that 5030 was very defective in an ori-dependent unwinding assay while 5031 retained significant activity. Both the 5030 and 5031 T antigens bound to ori-containing DNA, but the binding was less efficient than that of wild-type T antigen and was not affected by the presence of ATP. These results suggest that 5030 and 5031 are defective in some aspect of communication between the ATP binding and DNA binding domains and that the ability of ATP to induce T-antigen hexamerization is distinct from its action to increase the affinity for ori. Finally, all three mutants were defective for the ability to support SV40 DNA replication in vitro. Both the 5031 and 5061 T antigens inhibited wild-type-T-antigen-stimulated replication in vitro, while the 5030 T antigen did not. The fact that the 5031 T antigen was trans dominant in the in vitro assays but not in vivo indicates that the in vitro system does not accurately reflect events occurring in vivo.
Fast and accurate phylogeny reconstruction using filtered spaced-word matches

Motivation: Word‐based or ‘alignment‐free’ algorithms are increasingly used for phylogeny reconstruction and genome comparison, since they are much faster than traditional approaches that are based on full sequence alignments. Existing alignment‐free programs, however, are less accurate than alignment‐based methods. Results: We propose Filtered Spaced Word Matches (FSWM), a fast alignment‐free approach to estimate phylogenetic distances between large genomic sequences. For a pre‐defined binary pattern of match and don't‐care positions, FSWM rapidly identifies spaced word‐matches between input sequences, i.e. gap‐free local alignments with matching nucleotides at the match positions and with mismatches allowed at the don't‐care positions. We then estimate the number of nucleotide substitutions per site by considering the nucleotides aligned at the don't‐care positions of the identified spaced‐word matches. To reduce the noise from spurious random matches, we use a filtering procedure where we discard all spaced‐word matches for which the overall similarity between the aligned segments is below a threshold. We show that our approach can accurately estimate substitution frequencies even for distantly related sequences that cannot be analyzed with existing alignment‐free methods; phylogenetic trees constructed with FSWM distances are of high quality. A program run on a pair of eukaryotic genomes of a few hundred Mb each takes a few minutes. Availability and Implementation: The program source code for FSWM including a documentation, as well as the software that we used to generate artificial genome sequences are freely available at http://fswm.gobics. de/ Contact: chris.leimeister@stud.uni‐goettingen.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
G-quadruplex Polymorphism: a Winding Road from Structure to Therapeutics

Structural and folding patterns of promoter regions (c-MYC, BCL) and telomeric (TTAGGG repeats) G-Quadruplexes were explored and their interactions with small molecules were tested. EAO-108 and MHI-21, symmetric heptamethine cyanines, were identified to exhibit strong interaction with the telomeric G-Quadruplex (mixed hybrid-1), while promoter region GQuadruplexes were discriminated against. ZK-26 binds strongly to the c-MYC derivative and it is capable of discriminating between (3+1) hybrid-1 and -2 telomeric G-Quadruplexes with an initial binding preference towards the latter. To aid future binding studies, a novel labeling method is also described in this work. INDEX WORDS: G-Quadruplex, Telomeric, DNA labeling, Cyanines, Oncogene Promoter G-QUADRUPLEX POLYMORPHISM: A WINDING ROAD FROM STRUCTURE TO THERAPEUTICS
Norepinephrine attenuates hypoxia-inhibited thyrotropin-releasing hormone release in median eminence and paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus.

OBJECTIVE We have previously found that chronic hypoxia inhibited thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) mRNA expression in rat paraventricular nucleus (PVN). This study presented the effects of hypoxia on TRH secretion in rat hypothalamus, and the norepinephrine (NE) involvement in the modulation of TRH secretion during acute hypoxia exposure. SETTING AND DESIGN Hypoxia was simulated at altitudes of 5 km (10.8% O2) or 7 km (8.2% O2) in a ventilated hypobaric chamber, and control group was set at local altitude of 2.3 km (15.8% O2). The duration of hypoxia exposure was designed acutely and chronically for 0.5, 2, 24 h, 5, 10, and 30 d, respectively. TRH levels were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The results showed that hypoxia of 5 km or 7 km significantly enhanced TRH levels of the ME and PVN, and reduced serum T3 levels in most hypoxia-exposed groups. Intraventricular injection (icv) of NE (4 nmol/L) induced a decrease in TRH levels in the median eminence (ME) and PVN, and an increased serum T3 levels following hypoxia of 7 km exposure for 2 h, compared with icv saline control, indicating TRH release increased. The stimulating effect of NE on the TRH secretion was abolished by icv antagonist of adrenergic alpha2-receptor, yohimbine (40 nmol/L). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that acute and chronic hypoxia exposure produces an inhibition of hypothalamic TRH secretion from the ME and PVN. Central adrenergic system may play a stimulating role through alpha2-receptor in the acute hypoxia-modulating TRH release from rat hypothalamus.