Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in peritumoral pseudocapsule characteristics according to clinicopathological factors in clinical T1a renal tumors.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the status of peritumoral pseudocapsules in renal tumors and the effects of clinicopathological factors on their formation. METHODS From January 2011 to December 2012, 258 patients with solitary clinical stage T1a renal tumors who underwent partial nephrectomy were analyzed. Status of pseudocapsule was re-evaluated by a pathologist. RESULTS The mean long diameter (± SD) of the tumor and the width of the safety margin were 2.17 (± 0.94) cm and 3.2 (± 2.4) mm, respectively. A complete pseudocapsule was identified in 152 (58.9%) tumors, an incomplete pseudocapsule was identified in 69 (26.7%) tumors, and no pseudocapsule was identified in 37 (14.3%) tumors. Out of 152 tumors with complete pseudocapsules, 45 (29.6%) were confirmed to directly invade the renal parenchyma. In a multivariable analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.045; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.021-1.070, P < 0.001) and histologic subtype (chromophobe type: OR, 19.455; 95% CI, 4.233-89.471, P < 0.001; oncocytoma: OR, 11.307; 95% CI, 1.357-94.198, P = 0.025) were significant factors for an incomplete or absent pseudocapsule. CONCLUSIONS Peritumoral pseudocapsules are absent or incomplete in a significant portion of renal tumors. Old age as well as chromophobe and oncocytoma histologic subtypes were significant risk factors for an incomplete or absent peritumoral pseudocapsule.
Concurrent physical activity increases fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet.

BACKGROUND It takes several days to adapt to a high-fat diet. In an earlier study, we observed a large degree of interindividual variation in the capacity to adapt to a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that concurrent physical activity would accelerate fat oxidation during an isoenergetic high-fat diet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased physical activity on the ability of young healthy men to increase fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet. DESIGN Six young healthy men participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. The volunteers consumed a diet contributing 37% of energy as fat, 14% as protein, and 49% as carbohydrate for 4 d. Energy expenditure and macronutrient balance were then measured in a respiration chamber as the energy content of the isoenergetic diet was changed to 50% fat, 14% protein, and 36% carbohydrate. Treadmill walking, as the physical activity, was used to increase total daily energy expenditure to 1.8 times the resting metabolic rate during 1 of 2 stays in the metabolic chamber. Total daily energy expenditure was maintained at 1.4 times the resting metabolic rate for the other stay. RESULTS Energy balance was not significantly different between the 2 conditions. The 24-h respiratory quotient decreased more rapidly and to a greater extent under conditions of increased energy expenditure. Further, there was a decrease in the interindividual variability in the response of the respiratory quotient to a high-fat diet with increased energy expenditure (physical activity). Cumulative carbohydrate and protein balances were greater under conditions of increased physical activity. Conversely, cumulative fat balance was greater under sedentary conditions. CONCLUSION Concurrent physical activity increases fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet.
Comparison of total body potassium with other techniques for measuring lean body mass in men and women with AIDS wasting.

BACKGROUND Lean body mass is an important predictor of survival and functional status in patients with AIDS wasting. The bias between different techniques for assessing body composition in AIDS wasting is not known. DESIGN We compared total body potassium (TBK) with fat-free mass (FFM) determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and skinfold-thickness measurement (SKF) in 132 patients (63 men, 69 women) with AIDS wasting (weight < 90% of ideal body weight, or weight loss > 10% of original, or both). None of the subjects exhibited clinical lipodystrophy. Comparisons were made by using different BIA equations. RESULTS Lean body mass determined by DXA was highly correlated with TBK in men (r = 0.79, P: < 0.0001) and women (r = 0.84, P: < 0.0001). FFM(BIA) and FFM(DXA) were significantly different (P: < 0.01 in men and P: < 0.0001 in women). The difference between FFM(DXA) and FFM(BIA) was significantly greater with greater weight and body fat, particularly in HIV-infected women (r = -0.39, P: = 0.001 for weight; r = -0.60, P: < 0.0001 for fat). The comparability of FFM and fat mass determined by DXA and BIA was dependent on the specific BIA equation used. Among men, no single BIA equation was more highly predictive of fat mass and FFM in comparison with DXA. CONCLUSIONS The differences between DXA, BIA, and SKF in the determination of fat mass and FFM are significant in patients with AIDS wasting. BIA overestimates FFM compared with DXA in those with greater body fat. Standard BIA equations may not accurately estimate FFM and fat mass in men and women with AIDS wasting.
Orally administered leucine stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of postabsorptive rats in association with increased eIF4F formation.

We investigated the protein synthetic response of skeletal muscle to an orally administered dose of leucine given alone or in combination with carbohydrate. Male rats were freely fed (F) or food deprived for 18 h; food-deprived rats were then administered saline (S), carbohydrate (CHO), leucine (L) or a combination of carbohydrate plus leucine (CL). CHO and CL meals were isocaloric and provided 15% of daily energy requirements. L and CL meals each delivered 270 mg leucine. Muscle protein synthesis in S was 65% of F (P<0.01) 1 h after meal administration. Concomitant with lower rates of protein synthesis, phosphorylation of the translational repressor, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), was less in S, leading to greater association of 4E-BP1.eIF4E, and reduced formation of the active eIF4G.eIF4E complex compared with F (P<0.01). Oral administration of leucine (L or CL), but not CHO, restored protein synthesis equal to that in F and resulted in 4E-BP1 phosphorylation that was threefold greater than that of S (P<0.01). Consequently, formation of 4E-BP1.eIF4E was inhibited and eIF4G.eIF4E was not different from F. The amount of eIF4E in the phosphorylated form was greater in S and CHO (P<0.01) than in all other groups. In contrast, no differences in the phosphorylation state of eIF2alpha or the activity of eIF2B were noted among treatment groups. Serum insulin was elevated 2.6- and 3.7-fold in CHO and CL, respectively, but was not different in L, compared with S (P<0.05). These results suggest that leucine stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by enhancing eIF4F formation independently of increases in serum insulin.
Synergistic Toughening of Bioinspired Poly ( vinyl alcohol )

Jianfeng Wang, Qunfeng Cheng,* Ling Lin, and Lei Jiang Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Environment, BeiHang University Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China and Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, SOA, The Third Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China
Longitudinal measures of circulating leptin and ghrelin concentrations are associated with the growth of young Peruvian children but are not affected by zinc supplementation.

BACKGROUND Leptin, ghrelin, and insulin are hormonal regulators of energy balance and, therefore, may be related to growth during infancy. Zinc is essential for growth, and its growth effects may be mediated through these hormones. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of supplemental zinc on plasma leptin, ghrelin, and insulin concentrations among young children at risk of zinc deficiency and examined the relations between these hormones and physical growth. DESIGN Children (n = 142) aged 6-8 mo were randomly assigned to receive 3 mg Zn/d as a supplement, in a fortified food, or as a placebo for 6 mo. Relations between hormones and anthropometric z scores, body composition, and growth rates were examined at baseline and 3 and 6 mo after the start of the intervention. RESULTS No treatment group-related differences were found in plasma leptin, ghrelin, or glucose concentrations or in anthropometric z scores at 3 or 6 mo after the start of the zinc intervention. Neither plasma leptin nor ghrelin concentrations at baseline or 3 mo were predictive of subsequent changes in growth. However, changes in weight-for-age z scores over the two 3-mo time intervals were positively associated with subsequent leptin concentrations and inversely associated with subsequent plasma ghrelin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Supplemental zinc did not affect the children's growth, anthropometric indexes, or plasma hormone concentrations in this study population. Our results suggest that plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in later infancy are a consequence of previous weight changes rather than predictors of short-term growth.
Heterotrophic Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification of a Wastewater from a Chemical Company by Alcaligenes faecalis No.4

A wastewater from a chemical company (abbreviated as WC) containing approximately 5000 mg NH4-N/L ammonium and a slight amount of BOD was treated with Alcaligenes faecalis No.4 (No.4),which is capable of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. The repeatedbatch operation was conducted at 30°C for 900 h at controlled dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of 2-3 mg/L in the presence of citrate as the carbon source and inorganic nutrients. The removal efficiency of ammonium reached 90-100% within 24-30 h, and the average ammonium removal rate was 1.1 kg NH4-N/m 3/day, which is more than 100 fold greater than that achieved with conventional nitrification-denitrification processes. The operation was shut-down for 220 h, and after that the ammonium removal activity achieved by No.4 resumed without delay, and a high removal rate was maintained. The addition of 3% NaCl to the wastewater resulted in almost the same ammonium removal rate as that without NaCl.
Tucker's congruence coefficient as a meaningful index of factor similarity.

When Tucker's congruence coefficient is used to assess the similarity of factor interpretations, it is desirable to have a critical congruence level less than unity that can be regarded as indicative of identity of the factors. The literature only reports rules of thumb. The present article repeats and broadens the approach used in the study by Haven and ten Berge (1977). It aims to find a critical congruence level on the basis of judgments of factor similarity by practitioners of factor analysis. Our results suggest that a value in the range . 85-. 94 corresponds to a fair similarity, while a value higher than . 95 implies that the two factors or components compared can be considered equal.
Relative bioavailability of calcium-rich dietary sources in the elderly.

BACKGROUND The recent increase in the dietary calcium recommendation from 800 to 1200 mg/d for persons aged > 51 y has made it important to identify alternative high-calcium dietary sources that the elderly can use in meeting their calcium requirement. OBJECTIVE We determined the bioavailability of calcium from 3 different sources: orange juice fortified with calcium-citrate malate, skim milk, and a calcium carbonate supplement. DESIGN Twelve subjects [9 women and 3 men with a mean (+/- SEM) age of 70 +/- 3 and 76 +/- 6 y, respectively] consumed low-calcium (300 mg/d) and high-calcium (1300 mg/d) diets for three 1-wk periods each during a 6-wk crossover study. The acute biochemical response to calcium from each of the 3 sources was assessed during a 4-h period after the initial breakfast meal of the high-calcium diet. RESULTS Postprandial suppression of serum parathyroid hormone did not differ significantly between the test meals containing calcium-fortified orange juice, the calcium carbonate supplement, and milk. This finding suggests that the calcium bioavailability from the 3 sources was equivalent. During the 1-wk high-calcium diet periods, fasting serum calcium increased by 3% (P < 0.0001), serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D decreased by 20% (P < 0.0001), and a biomarker of bone resorption (serum N-telopeptide collagen cross-links) decreased by 14% (P < 0.02) compared with the low-calcium diet period. However, no differences among the supplemental calcium sources were found in these calcium-responsive measures or fasting serum parathyroid hormone concentration. CONCLUSIONS In elderly subjects, the calcium bioavailability of the 3 high-calcium dietary sources tested was equivalent, during both the acute postprandial and longer-term periods.
Interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and subclinical atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND Intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol alter cardiovascular disease risk, but their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis remains understudied. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT). DESIGN We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study among 620 persons of Aboriginal, South Asian, Chinese, or European origin aged 35-75 y, who had lived in Canada for >or=5 y. Mean IMT was calculated from 6 well-defined segments of the right and left carotid arteries with standardized B-mode ultrasound, and saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol intakes were measured with validated food-frequency questionnaires. RESULTS For every 10-g/d increase in saturated fat intake, IMT was 0.03 mm higher (P=0.01) after multivariate adjustment. A 1-g/d higher intake of trans fat was associated with a 0.03-mm higher IMT (P=0.02) after multivariate adjustment. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S) was inversely associated with IMT after multivariate adjustment (change in IMT: -0.06 mm; P<0.01). Saturated and trans fat intakes were independently associated with IMT thickness (change in IMT: 0.03 mm; P<0.01 and 0.02, respectively; P for interaction=0.01). Polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, cholesterol, and total fat intakes were unrelated to IMT. The relation between saturated fat intake and IMT strengthened (beta=0.0066, P<0.001) in persons who never or rarely consumed alcohol as compared with moderate or heavy drinkers (beta=0.0001, P=0.79, P for interaction=0.01). CONCLUSION Higher habitual intakes of saturated and trans fats are independently associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis, and alcohol intake may attenuate the relation between saturated fat and subclinical atherosclerosis.
Sleep Duration and Disruption and Prostate Cancer Risk: a 23-Year Prospective Study

Background: Sleep deficiency is a major public health problem. There are limited human data on whether sleep duration or disruption are risk factors for prostate cancer. Methods: We prospectively followed 32,141 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who reported their typical sleep duration in 1987, 2000, and 2008. We identified 4,261 incident prostate cancer cases, including 563 lethal cases through 2010. Sleep disruption was assessed in 2004 among 19,639 men, with 930 prostate cancer cases (50 lethal) identified from 2004 to 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between sleep insufficiency and risk of overall and lethal prostate cancer. Results: In 1987, 2% of men reported sleeping ≤5 hours per night. We found no association between habitual sleep duration or change in sleep duration with the risk of advanced or lethal prostate cancer. We also found no association between waking up during the night, difficulty falling asleep, or waking up too early, and risk of prostate cancer. In 2004, 6% of men reported never feeling rested when they woke up; these men had an increased risk of developing lethal prostate cancer compared with those who reported always feeling rested when they woke up (RR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.15–8.10). Conclusions: We found no consistent association between self-reported sleep duration or sleep disruption and any of our prostate cancer outcomes. Impact: We did not find support for a consistent association between self-reported sleep and risk of advanced or lethal prostate cancer in this large cohort of men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(2); 302–8. ©2015 AACR.
Delft University of Technology Evaluation of performance of analytical and numerical methods to account for liquefaction effects on the seismic response of anchored quay walls

Liquefaction induced by earthquakes has shown to have potential devastating influence on seismic performance of anchored quay walls. Therefore, measures to mitigate liquefaction are commonly part of the design of quay walls in seismically active regions. Such mitigation measures are costly. Moreover, these measures are difficult to implement for existing structures in operation. For these reasons, proper tools that can accurately predict the effects of liquefaction on anchored quay walls are valuable for engineering purposes. Numerical tools like finite element analysis can potentially replace simplified code based methods, such as the Mononobe-Okabe method. However, performance of numerical models that account for liquefaction and pore pressure accumulation is crucial towards the use of numerical tools for this purpose. Initial stress states influence both the liquefaction resistance of the soil as well as the performance of the constitutive model. This study proposed a new calibration procedure in order to deal with the influence of static shear and overburden stress in the model. Zones around the structure with specific corresponding stress states are defined for which the stress state dependent constitutive model behaviour is calibrated based on laboratory results and literature.This study evaluates the performance of finite element calculations with the UBC3D-PLM soil constitutive model based on a reported case study of two quay walls in Akita Port, Japan for the 1983 Nihonkai Chubu earthquake. It also evaluates to what extent Mononobe-Okabe calculations with code-based corrections for liquefaction effects could reproduce the observed performance of the Akita Port quay walls. The results shown by the analysis employing the new developed calibration procedure indicate good correspondence with observations in the field. On the other hand, Mononobe-Okabe methods including corrections for liquefaction effects give a poor fit to the observed behaviour. The response indicates that dynamic analysis with the UBC3D-PLM model using the proposed calibration procedure is capable to give insight in effects of excess pore pressures on the seismic performance of an anchored quay wall. This study mainly only focussed on liquefaction triggering as a function of stress state and the post-liquefaction stress-strain behaviour predicted by UBC3D-PLM was only evaluated at a basic level.
Empirically derived dietary patterns and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a large prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Inconsistent associations have been reported between diet and breast cancer. OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined the association between dietary patterns and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a US-wide cohort study. DESIGN Data were analyzed from 40 559 women who completed a self-administered 61-item Block food-frequency questionnaire in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, 1987-1998; 1868 of those women developed breast cancer. Dietary patterns were defined by using principal components factor analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess breast cancer risk. RESULTS Three major dietary patterns emerged: vegetable-fish/poultry-fruit, beef/pork-starch, and traditional southern. The vegetable-fish/poultry-fruit pattern was associated with higher education than were the other patterns, but was similar in nutrient intake to the traditional southern pattern. After adjustment for confounders, there was no significant association between the vegetable-fish/poultry-fruit and beef/pork-starch patterns and breast cancer. The traditional southern pattern, however, was associated with a nonsignificantly reduced breast cancer risk among all cases (in situ and invasive) that was significant for invasive breast cancer (relative hazard = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.65, 0.95; P for trend = 0.003). This diet was also associated with a reduced risk in women without a family history of breast cancer (P = 0.05), who were underweight or normal weight [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) < 25; P = 0.02], or who had tumors positive for estrogen receptor (P = 0.01) or progesterone receptor (P = 0.003). Foods in the traditional southern pattern associated with reduced breast cancer risk were legumes, low mayonnaise-salad dressing intake, and possibly cabbage. CONCLUSIONS The traditional southern diet or its components are associated with a reduced risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Predicting the genetic impact of stocking in Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) by combining RAD sequencing and modeling of explanatory variables

In fisheries management, intensive stocking programs are commonly used to enhance population abundance and maintain stock productivity. However, such practices are increasingly raising concerns as multiple studies documented adverse genetic and evolutionary impacts of stocking on wild populations. Improvement of stocking management relies on a better understanding of the dynamic of introgressive hybridization between wild and domestic population and on assessment of the genetic state of wild populations after stocking cessation. In Québec, Canada, over five million captive‐reared Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) are stocked every year to support recreational fishing activities. Here, we investigated how variation in stocking history and environmental variables, including water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, may influence the impact of stocking practices on the genetic integrity of wild Brook Charr populations. We collected DNA samples (n = 862, average of 30 individuals per lake) from 29 lakes that underwent different stocking intensity through time and also collected environmental parameters for each sampled lake. An average of 4,580 high‐quality filtered SNPs was obtained for each population using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), which were then used to quantify the mean domestic membership of each sampled population. An exhaustive process of model selection was conducted to obtain a best‐fitted model that explained 56% of the variance observed in mean domestic genetic membership. The number of years since the mean year of stocking was the best explanatory variable to predict variation in mean domestic genetic membership whereas environmental characteristics had little influence on observed patterns of admixture. Our model predictions also revealed that each sampled wild population could potentially return to a wild genetic state (absence of domestic genetic background) after stocking cessation. Overall, our study provides new insights on factors determining level of introgressive hybridization and suggests that stocking impacts could be reversible with time.