Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Behaviour of Duplex Phase Structures in a Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel

The mechanical behaviour of duplex phases produced in a medium carbon low alloy steel with potentials for use as machine body parts and vehicle panels, has been investigated. A representative composition of the steel (C: 0.3; Si: 0.28; Mn: 0.97; Cr: 0.15) was utilized to produce ferrite – martensite duplex phases of varied proportions by intercritical annealing treatment. The tensile, hardness, and rotating bending fatigue behaviour of the structures were studied; and optical and SEM microscopy utilized to characterize the microstructures and their fracture characteristics. The duplex phase structures exhibited continuous yielding behaviour; and were characterised by high strain hardenability, high tensile strength, total elongation, toughness and superior fatigue strength (endurance limit) in comparison with the normalised structure. The fatigue fracture was observed to be characterized by mixed mode of ductile (dimple) fracture and intergranular brittle cleavage for the duplex structures. Superior tensile and fatigue property combinations were better harnessed when treatment was performed at 760℃ and 780℃ in comparison to 740℃.
Estimating the number of communities in a network

Community detection, the division of a network into dense subnetworks with only sparse connections between them, has been a topic of vigorous study in recent years. However, while there exist a range of effective methods for dividing a network into a specified number of communities, it is an open question how to determine exactly how many communities one should use. Here we describe a mathematically principled approach for finding the number of communities in a network by maximizing the integrated likelihood of the observed network structure under an appropriate generative model. We demonstrate the approach on a range of benchmark networks, both real and computer generated.
Unusual occurrence of supratentorial medulloepithelioma in a young female

Medulloepithelioma is an extremely rare PNET in late adolescence and adults with only two cases noted in literature. These are WHO grade IV tumors with dismal prognosis. Only few cases survived beyond 5 months. We report a rare case of supratentorial medulloepithelioma in a 17 year old girl. She had presented with right sided weakness, headache and vomiting. Imaging showed an enhancing mass lesion in left parietal region which undergone gross total resection. After surgery, her headache, vomiting and right sided weakness improved. On histopathology, the tumor had characteristic trabecular, ribbon and palisaded arrangement with brisk mitotic activity, necrosis and calcification. Immuno-histochemistry revealed positivity for Synaptophysin, Vimentin and EMA while GFAP was negative. MIB-1 labeling was very high. Patient received postoperative radiotherapy. On follow up after 14 months, she was clinically asymptomatic with no recurrence on imaging.
Multimodal semi-supervised learning for image classification

In image categorization the goal is to decide if an image belongs to a certain category or not. A binary classifier can be learned from manually labeled images; while using more labeled examples improves performance, obtaining the image labels is a time consuming process. We are interested in how other sources of information can aid the learning process given a fixed amount of labeled images. In particular, we consider a scenario where keywords are associated with the training images, e.g. as found on photo sharing websites. The goal is to learn a classifier for images alone, but we will use the keywords associated with labeled and unlabeled images to improve the classifier using semi-supervised learning. We first learn a strong Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) classifier using both the image content and keywords, and use it to score unlabeled images. We then learn classifiers on visual features only, either support vector machines (SVM) or least-squares regression (LSR), from the MKL output values on both the labeled and unlabeled images. In our experiments on 20 classes from the PASCAL VOC'07 set and 38 from the MIR Flickr set, we demonstrate the benefit of our semi-supervised approach over only using the labeled images. We also present results for a scenario where we do not use any manual labeling but directly learn classifiers from the image tags. The semi-supervised approach also improves classification accuracy in this case.
THE ROLE OF SURFACE CONDITIONS IN NUCLEATE BOILING. Technical Report No. 14

Nucleation from a single cavity was studied indicating that cavity geometry is important in two ways. The mouth diameter determines the superheat needed to initiate boiling and its shape determines its stability once boiling has begun. Contact angle is shown to be important in babble nucleation primarily through its effect on cavity stability. Contact angle measurements made on''clean'' and paraffin coated stainless steel surfaces with water show that the contact angle varies between 20 and 110 deg for temperatures from 20 to 17O deg C. On the basis of single cavity nucleation theory, it is proposed to characterize the gross nucleation properties of a given surface for all fiuids under all conditions with a single group having the dimensions of length. Finally, it is shown experimentally that this characterization is adequate by boiling water, methanol and ethanol different copper surfaces finished with 3/0 emery, and showing that the number of active centers per unlt area is a function of this variable alone. (auth)
Mouse Mincle: Characterization as a Model for Human Mincle and Evolutionary Implications

Mincle, the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin also known as CLEC-4E, binds to the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose dimycolate and initiates a signaling cascade by serving as a receptor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacterial species. Studies of the biological functions of human mincle often rely on mouse models, based on the assumption that the biological properties of the mouse receptor mimic those of the human protein. Experimental support for this assumption has been obtained by expression of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of mouse mincle and characterization of its interaction with small molecule analogs of trehalose dimycolate. The results confirm that the ligand-binding properties of mouse mincle closely parallel those of the human receptor. These findings are consistent with the conservation of key amino acid residues that have been shown to form the ligand-binding site in human and cow mincle. Sequence alignment reveals that these residues are conserved in a wide range of mammalian species, suggesting that mincle has a conserved function in binding ligands that may include endogenous mammalian glycans or pathogen glycans in addition to trehalose dimycolate.
Role of the Vacuolar-ATPase in Sindbis Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Bafilomycin A1 is a specific inhibitor of the vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase), which is responsible for pH homeostasis of the cell and for the acidification of endosomes. Bafilomycin A1 has been commonly used as a method of inhibition of infection by viruses known or suspected to follow the path of receptor-mediated endocytosis and low-pH-mediated membrane fusion. The exact method of entry for Sindbis virus, the prototype alphavirus, remains undetermined. To further investigate the role of the V-ATPase in Sindbis virus infection, the effects of bafilomycin A1 on the infection of BHK and insect cells by Sindbis virus were studied. Bafilomycin A1 was found to block the expression of a virus-encoded reporter gene in both infection and transfection of BHK cells. The inhibitory effects of bafilomycin A1 were found to be reversible. The results suggest that in BHK cells in the presence of bafilomycin A1, virus RNA enters the cell and is translated, but replication and proper folding of the product proteins requires the function of the V-ATPase. Bafilomycin A1 had no significant effect on the outcome of infection in insect cells.
Mortality from cystic fibrosis in Europe: 1994–2010

To date, available mortality trends due to cystic fibrosis (CF) have been limited to the analysis of certain countries in different parts of the world showing that mortality trends have been constantly decreasing. However, no studies have examined Europe as a whole. The present study aims to analyze CF mortality trends by gender within the European Union (EU) and to quantify potential years of life lost (PYLL).
Voter response to iterated poll information

We develop a formal model of opinion polls in elections and study how they influence the voting behaviour of the participating agents, and thereby election outcomes. This approach is particularly relevant to the study of collective decision making by means of voting in multiagent systems, where it is reasonable to assume that we can precisely model the amount of information available to agents and where agents can be expected to follow relatively simple rules when adjusting their behaviour in response to polls. We analyse two settings, one where a single agent strategises in view of a single poll, and one where multiple agents repeatedly update their voting intentions in view of a sequence of polls. In the single-poll setting we vary the amount of information a poll provides and examine, for different voting rules, when an agent starts and stops having an incentive to manipulate the election. In the repeated-poll setting, using both analytical and experimental methods, we study how the properties of different voting rules are affected under different sets of assumptions on how agents will respond to poll information. Together, our results clarify under which circumstances sharing information via opinion polls can improve the quality of election outcomes and under which circumstances it may have negative effects, due to the increased opportunities for manipulation it provides.
Personality factors predict sleep-related shift work tolerance in different shifts at 2-year follow-up: a prospective study

Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the personality variables morningness, flexibility, languidity and hardiness could predict sleep-related shift work tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts, respectively. Design Prospective study design with questionnaires administered in winter 2008/2009 (wave 1) and 2 years later in spring 2011 (wave 3). Setting Different healthcare institutions in Norway. Participants The sample comprised in all 700 nurses working a three-shift rotating schedule. Primary and secondary outcome measures The personality variables were assessed at wave 1, as were the demographic, lifestyle and work-related variables. Sleep-related shift work tolerance, assessed at wave 3, was measured separately for the day, evening and night shifts with the Bergen Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire. Results Morningness was positively associated with sleep-related day shift tolerance (p<0.001). Flexibility was positively associated with sleep-related tolerance for the evening as well as night shift (p<0.001). Furthermore, languidity was negatively associated with sleep-related shift tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts (p<0.001, <0.01, <0.05, respectively). Hardiness was positively associated with sleep-related tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts (p<0.001, <0.01, <0.05, respectively). Age was negatively associated with sleep-related shift tolerance for the day, night (p<0.01) and evening shifts (p<0.001). Conclusions The findings indicate that hardiness and languidity predict sleep-related shift work tolerance across all shift types among shift working nurses. The effects of flexibility and morningness seem to depend on the shift schedule. By and large, our results are in accordance with previous studies; however, we have now demonstrated the prospective importance of personality in relation to sleep-related shift work tolerance across different shifts.
The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia: five-year follow-up findings

SYNOPSIS A five-year follow-up of the patients initially included in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia was conducted in eight of the nine centres. Adequate information was obtained for 807 patients, representing 76% of the initial cohort. Clinical and social outcomes were significantly better for patients in Agra and Ibadan than for those in the centres in developed countries. In Cali, only social outcome was significantly better.
Family history and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

An increased risk of breast cancer in women with a family history of breast cancer has been demonstrated by many studies using a variety of study designs. However, the extent of this risk varies according to the nature of the family history (type of relative affected, age at which relative developed breast cancer and number of relatives affected) and may also vary according to age of the individual. The aim of our study was to identify all the published studies which have quantified the risk of breast cancer associated with a family history of the disease, and to summarise the evidence from these studies, with particular emphasis on age‐specific risks according to subject and relative age. Seventy‐four published studies were identified. The pooled estimate of relative risk (RR) associated with various family histories was as follows: any relative, RR = 1.9 (95% CI, 1.7‐2.0); a first‐degree relative, RR = 2.1 (CI = 2.0, 2.2); mother, RR = 2.0 (CI = 1.8, 2.1); sister, RR = 2.3 (CI = 2.1, 2.4); daughter, RR = 1.8 (CI = 1.6, 2.0); mother and sister, RR = 3.6 (CI = 2.5, 5.0); and a second‐degree relative, RR = 1.5 (CI = 1.4, 1.6). Risks were increased in subjects under age 50 and when the relative had been diagnosed before age 50. Int. J. Cancer 71: 800‐809, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Graphene-Based Saturable Absorber for Single-Longitudinal-Mode Operation of Highly Doped Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

In this paper, a conventional wavelength band (C-band) fiber laser with a tunable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) output using multilayer graphene as a saturable absorber is demonstrated. The proposed fiber laser uses a short length of highly doped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) as the gain medium and a fiber ferrule with graphene flakes adhered to it by index matching gel (IMG) that acts as the saturable absorber. The fiber laser is able to generate an adjustable wavelength output between 1547.88 and 1559.88 nm with an average peak power of -6.48 dBm with a measured signal-to-noise ratio between 66.0 and 68.3 dB. The SLM output is verified by the absence of frequency beating in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum output and by a measured linewidth of 206.25 kHz using the self-heterodyne technique. The deposition of graphene flakes on the fiber ferrule using the IMG is a new and effective technique to generate SLM operation in the fiber laser.
Why are enteric ganglia so small? Role of differential adhesion of enteric neurons and enteric neural crest cells.

The avian enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of a vast number of unusually small ganglia compared to other peripheral ganglia. Each ENS ganglion at mid-gestation has a core of neurons and a shell of mesenchymal precursor/glia-like enteric neural crest (ENC) cells. To study ENS cell ganglionation we isolated midgut ENS cells by HNK-1 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from E5 and E8 quail embryos, and from E9 chick embryos. We performed cell-cell aggregation assays which revealed a developmentally regulated functional increase in ENS cell adhesive function, requiring both Ca 2+ -dependent and independent adhesion. This was consistent with N-cadherin and NCAM labelling. Neurons sorted to the core of aggregates, surrounded by outer ENC cells, showing that neurons had higher adhesion than ENC cells. The outer surface of aggregates became relatively non-adhesive, correlating with low levels of NCAM and N-cadherin on this surface of the outer non-neuronal ENC cells. Aggregation assays showed that ENS cells FACS selected for NCAM-high and enriched for enteric neurons formed larger and more coherent aggregates than unsorted ENS cells. In contrast, ENS cells of the NCAM-low FACS fraction formed small, disorganised aggregates. This suggests a novel mechanism for control of ENS ganglion morphogenesis where i) differential adhesion of ENS neurons and ENC cells controls the core/shell ganglionic structure and ii) the ratio of neurons to ENC cells dictates the equilibrium ganglion size by generation of an outer non-adhesive surface.
Do Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears Correlate With Sleep Disturbance?

Background: Many patients with rotator cuff tears suffer from nocturnal shoulder pain, resulting in sleep disturbance. Purpose: To determine whether rotator cuff tear size correlated with sleep disturbance in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of unilateral full-thickness rotator cuff tears (diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a visual analog scale (VAS) quantifying their shoulder pain, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire. Shoulder MRI scans were analyzed for anterior-posterior tear size (mm), tendon retraction (mm), Goutallier grade (0-4), number of tendons involved (1-4), muscle atrophy (none, mild, moderate, or severe), and humeral head rise (present or absent). Bivariate correlations were calculated between the MRI characteristics and baseline survey results. Results: A total of 209 patients with unilateral full-thickness rotator cuff tears were included in this study: 112 (54%) female and 97 (46%) male (mean age, 64.1 years). On average, shoulder pain had been present for 24 months. The mean PSQI score was 9.8, and the mean VAS score was 5.0. No significant correlations were found between any of the rotator cuff tear characteristics and sleep quality. Only tendon retraction had a significant correlation with pain. Conclusion: Although rotator cuff tears are frequently associated with nocturnal pain and sleep disruption, this study demonstrated that morphological characteristics of full-thickness rotator cuff tears, such as size and tendon retraction, do not correlate with sleep disturbance and have little to no correlation with pain levels.
The Association between Disturbed Eating Behavior and Socioeconomic Status: The Online Korean Adolescent Panel Survey (OnKAPS)

Background A limited amount of research, primarily conducted in Western countries, has suggested that higher socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher risk of eating disorders (EDs). However, little is known about this association in Asian countries. We examined the association of SES with disturbed eating behavior (DEB) and related factors in Korean adolescents. Subjects A nationwide online panel survey was conducted in a sample of adolescents (n = 6,943, 49.9% girls). DEB was measured with the 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Participants who scored ≥20 on the EAT-26 were considered to have DEB. Participants’ SES was determined based on self-reported household economic status. Results The prevalence of DEB was 12.7%: 10.5% among boys and 14.8% among girls. Both boys and girls with DEB were more likely to perceive themselves as obese, experience higher levels of stress, and have lower academic achievement. The risk for DEB was significantly higher in boys of higher SES than in those of middle SES (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.05–1.99 for high SES; OR = 5.16, 95%CI: 3.50–7.61 for highest SES). Among girls, higher risk of DEB was associated with the highest and lowest SES (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.13–2.06 for lowest SES; OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.34–3.68 for highest SES). Conclusions Despite the lower prevalence of obesity in Korea compared with Western countries, the prevalence of DEB in Korean adolescents was high, especially among girls. Moreover, the association between SES and DEB followed a U-shaped curve for girls and a J-shaped curve for boys.
Indirect Cost Burden of Migraine in the United States

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the indirect cost burden associated with migraine. Methods: Data were obtained from Thomson-Medstat's Health and Productivity Management (HPM) database for the 2002 through 2003 calendar years. The migraine cohort was composed of patients who had a diagnosis of migraine or migraine-specific abortive prescription medication, or both. A control cohort of patients without migraine was matched to patients in the migraine cohort. The average annual indirect burden of illness (BOI) of migraine and a national indirect BOI were estimated. Results: Annual indirect expenditures were significantly higher in the migraine group compared with the control group ($4453 vs $1619; P < 0.001). The national annual indirect BOI, excluding presenteeism, was estimated to be $12 billion (mostly attributed to absenteeism). Conclusions: Migraine imparts a substantial indirect cost burden. Projected to a national level, this amounts to an annual cost to US employers of approximately $12 billion.
Less hashing, same performance: Building a better Bloom filter

A standard technique from the hashing literature is to use two hash functions h1(x) and h2(x) to simulate additional hash functions of the form gi(x) = h1(x) + ih2(x). We demonstrate that this technique can be usefully applied to Bloom filters and related data structures. Specifically, only two hash functions are necessary to effectively implement a Bloom filter without any loss in the asymptotic false positive probability. This leads to less computation and potentially less need for randomness in practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2008
Effectiveness and Relay Efficiency of Opportunistic Multipoint Relaying on Cooperative ARQ

This paper studies the effectiveness and relay efficiency of using opportunistic multipoint relaying and distributed space-time coding (ODSTC) for cooperative Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ). According to the complexities for diversity exploration in retransmissions, three types of ARQ protocols are studied herein, allowing us to examine the effectiveness of the protocols and the efficiencies of using ODSTC relaying for ARQ. The efficiency is studied from the viewpoint of the signal quality enhancement per active relay, while the effectiveness is investigated from the perspectives of diversity and throughput improvements with the different protocols. The results show that both are closely related to the link qualities of the forwarding channels. When the link quality between the source and relays is considerably higher than the quality between the relays and the destination, a simple protocol that opportunistically chooses two active relays for ODSTC (ODSTC2) at the beginning of retransmissions is good enough to yield a significant throughput improvement. Otherwise, when the performance is limited by the number of successfully decoding relays, then having relays of unsuccessful decoding to overhear the signals sent by active relays plays a crucial role in resolving the limitation. By having the new successfully decoding relays to participate in the subsequent retransmissions, both diversity and throughput can be significantly improved. According to our analysis and simulation studies, an appropriate protocol with ODSTC2 in general can provide effective throughput improvements in two times retransmissions.