Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic correlates of utilization of maternal health services by tribal women in India

Based on two waves of the National Family Health Surveys of India, this paper studies the effect of maternal characteristics on women’s likelihood of using prenatal and delivery healthcare services among two groups of tribal women. Results show that tribal women in the northeastern states of India are more likely to utilize maternal healthcare facilities compared to those in the central states of the country. Women who work are less likely to utilize healthcare services. The findings call for different strategies for the implementation of healthcare services in different tribal regions of the country.
On reverse navigation algorithm and its application to SINS gyro-compass in-movement alignment

Reverse navigation algorithms are deduced in detailed based on the classical strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) updating algorithms. The scheme of SINS gyro-compass in-movement alignment is proposed and is divided into three steps, including level alignment with header uncertainty, coarse header alignment and gyro-compass alignment for header. On the assumption of navigation computer having large memory and powerful computing ability, the connection between in-movement alignment and vehicle position determining is established by reverse navigation algorithm. After the process of SINS gyro-compass in-movement alignment and saving sensorpsilas sample data to computer memory, reverse and normal dead reckoning algorithms are executed in succession to accomplish vehicle position updating. Finally, some vehicular tests prove that the proposed alignment algorithm in this paper is effective. In move base, the header alignment accuracy reaches 0.112deg(1sigma) and the position determining accuracy is about 0.1% by distance.
Generalizability of speechreading performance on nonsense syllables, words, and sentences: subjects with normal hearing.

Ninety-six adults with normal hearing viewed three types of recorded speechreading materials (consonant-vowel nonsense syllables, isolated words, and sentences) on 2 days. Responses to nonsense syllables were scored for syllables correct and syllable groups correct; responses to words and sentences were scored in terms of words correct, phonemes correct, and an estimate of visual distance between the stimulus and the response. Generalizability analysis was used to quantify sources of variability in performance. Subjects and test items were important sources of variability for all three types of materials; effects of talker and day of testing varied but were comparatively small. For each type of material, alternative models of test construction and test-score interpretation were evaluated through estimation of generalizability coefficients as a function of test length. Performance on nonsense syllables correlated about . 50 with both word and sentence measures, whereas correlations between words and sentences typically exceeded . 80.
Risk of cancer in patients with medically diagnosed hay fever or allergic rhinitis

Data on allergic conditions as risk or protective factors for cancer are controversial probably because most studies have used self‐reported data on mixed groups of allergies in a case–control setting. We define cancer risks in medically diagnosed hay fever/allergic rhinitis patients in a nationwide cohort study. A total of 138,723 hay fever/allergic rhinitis patients were identified from three Swedish health care databases and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for subsequent cancers identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Overall cancer risk was not changed (SIR 1.03). For individual cancers, the highest SIR was observed for nasal cancer (SIR 2.63), followed by testicular (1.46) and endocrine tumors (1.42), and kidney (1.31), prostate (1.18) and breast (1.11) cancers. The results were consistent in the three sources of data and all SIRs were above unity, albeit mainly not statistically significant. The SIRs for nervous system tumors were above unity and of borderline significance. SIRs were decreased for esophageal (0.50), liver (0.62) and lung (0.78) cancers, and the three sources of data agreed in the direction of the effect. The increased risks for testicular, renal, prostate and endocrine cancers may be explained by immunological mechanisms. Excess risk for these cancer accounts for a significant population attributable fraction. Nervous system cancers showed a borderline increase and none of the histological types were significantly decreased, providing strong evidence against the published case–control studies, which have reported protective effects. The reasons for the reduced risks for esophageal, liver and lung cancer remain to be explained.
The South African Voter: some aspects of voting behaviour (with special reference to the general elections of 1966 and 1970) by Henry Lever Cape Town, Juta and Company, 1972. Pp. 221. R7.50.

Observers do not agree on what political action is desirable or even possible in South Africa. These books do not answer this question. In Adam's relatively optimistic view in Modernizing Racial Domination, the current activities of the Government and opposition hold the potential for peaceful, pragmatic change. Wilson and Welsh, South Africans both, do not address themselves to questions of tactics, but it is difficult to sustain much optimism in the face of their sober evidence. Although the histories of African administration and gold mining do contain elements of pragmatism, rational means have consistently served irrational and cruel ends. Perhaps the major satisfaction derived from reading these books is the knowledge that it remains possible in South Africa to produce scholarly works of the stature of Labour in the South African Gold Mines and The Roots of Segregation.
Returns to Value Investing: Fundamentals or Limits to Arbitrage?

In this paper we contribute to the literature on accounting-based fundamental analysis (Piotroski, 2000; Monharam, 2005) by specifically addressing the restrictions to arbitrage hypothesis. Using a unique dataset from Brazil where financial statements are uninformative, stock markets synchronous - conditions related to the irrelevance of financial statement analysis - and arbitrage severely limited, we show that firms with strong fundamentals generate abnormal returns as long as there are limitations to arbitrage on their stocks. Our results shed some light on the actual causes of the apparent puzzle related to HBM stocks with strong fundamentals.
Consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity: antecedents and consequences

Purpose – Consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity provide marketing management with two useful concepts to understand the reasons behind consumers’ purchase decisions concerning domestic vs imported products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of animosity and ethnocentrism within a single model, and respondents’ evaluations of a specific product category are solicited. Design/methodology/approach – The study is conducted within an ideal context for the study of consumer animosity: data were collected in Belgrade shortly after the US-led NATO bombings of 1999. The surveys were carried out in person at the interviewees’ home. The sample was part of a regular omnibus panel composed of 270 adult respondents, of which 92.2 percent agreed to participate. Findings – The findings indicate that animosity and consumer ethnocentrism are distinct constructs. Also consistent with previous research, results obtained confirm that each construct has unique antecedents and .
Correction: A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms

Table1. ListofranksusedinthehierarchywiththenumberoftaxaperrankRank Number of TaxaSuperkingdom 2Kingdom 7Subkingdom 11Infrakingdom 8Superphylum 6Phylum 96Subphylum 60Infraphylum 4Superclass 12Class 352Subclass 145Infraclass 23Superorder 52Order 1,468Main ranks are in bold type; unnamed taxa are not counted.doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0130114.t001PLOSONE|DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0130114 June11,2015 1/54OPENACCESSCitation:RuggieroMA,GordonDP,OrrellTM,BaillyN,BourgoinT,BruscaRC,etal. (2015)Correction:AHigherLevelClassificationofAllLivingOrganisms.PLoSONE10(6):e0130114.doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0130114Published:June11,2015Copyright:©2015Ruggieroetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited.
Definition of at‐risk patients: baseline variables

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents a significant burden in ageing men due to frequently associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which may impair their quality of life. Some men will have progressive disease, mainly characterized by symptom deterioration of ≥ 4 points on the International Prostate Symptom Score, but also by the occurrence of acute urinary retention (AUR) and BPH‐related surgery. Identifying those at risk of unfavourable outcomes is important to optimize their management. Community‐based longitudinal studies provide excellent data on the natural history of BPH. Baseline variables such as age, severe LUTS, low peak flow rate, high postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), enlarged prostate and high serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, have been identified as risk factors for AUR and BPH‐related surgery in such studies. Placebo arms of controlled studies have more limited value for assessing the natural history, due to strong selection criteria which generate a regression to the mean artefact and narrow the applicability to the general population. Nevertheless, in these controlled studies, baseline serum PSA level and to a lesser extent prostate size consistently predicted the risk of AUR and BPH‐related surgery. Conversely, quantitative variables such as baseline symptom severity and peak flow rate behaved paradoxically, probably as a consequence of strict inclusion criteria, resulting regression to the mean, and ‘ceiling’ effects. Results from the Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms study and the Alfuzosin Long‐Term Efficacy and Safety Study also suggest that using the PVR in clinical practice needs to be reconsidered as a predictor of BPH progression. Further research is needed to clarify the role of chronic inflammation in the process of BPH progression.
Prospective study of a Swedish infertile cohort 2005-08: population characteristics, treatments and pregnancy rates.

BACKGROUND We here report on results from a prospective study comprising 380 infertile couples undergoing infertility work-up and various treatments for infertility in our clinic. The aim was to investigate the overall birth rate as a result of different treatments, as well as spontaneous pregnancies. METHODS Three hundred and eighty couples were consecutively included between December 2005 and May 2008. All couples underwent a fertility work-up, including hysterosalpingogram, hormonal characterization, clinical examination, screening for infectious diseases and semen analysis. The mean age of the women at the time of inclusion was 33.2 years. The mean duration of infertility prior to inclusion was 1.8 years. And 46.6% (n = 177) of the women had been pregnant prior to their first visit to the clinic and 30.0% (n = 114) had been pregnant earlier in their present relationship. RESULTS As of November 2010, 57.3% (n = 218) of the women had given birth to a child when they were lost to follow up by the study. Spontaneous conception was observed in 11.3% (n = 43) of the women, 14.5% (n = 64) conceived after intrauterine insemination (IUI), 4.2% (n = 16) conceived after ovarian hyperstimulation and ovulation induction (OH/OI) and 28.4% (n = 113) after in vitro fertilization. There were 280 pregnancies and 58 spontaneous abortions (22.3%) in the group. Mean anti-mullerian hormone significantly correlated with antral follicle count and age and was significantly higher in the subgroup that became pregnant after IUI. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous pregnancies and IUI + OH/OI contributed significantly to the pregnancies observed in the total population. Predictive factors for pregnancy were anti-mullerian hormone in the group undergoing IUI treatment and in the age group ≥38-duration of infertility. Previous pregnancies, body mass index, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone or having given birth prior to the infertility period were not predictive of pregnancy for the infertile couples in this study.
Loss of M 2 muscarinic receptor function inhibits development of hypoxic bradycardia and alters cardiac-adrenergic sensitivity in larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio )

Steele SL, Lo KH, Li VW, Cheng SH, Ekker M, Perry SF. Loss of M2 muscarinic receptor function inhibits development of hypoxic bradycardia and alters cardiac -adrenergic sensitivity in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R412–R420, 2009. First published June 10, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00036. 2009. —Fish exposed to hypoxia develop decreased heart rate, or bradycardia, the physiological significance of which remains unknown. The general muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine abolishes the development of this hypoxic bradycardia, suggesting the involvement of muscarinic receptors. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the hypoxic bradycardia is mediated specifically by stimulation of the M2 muscarinic receptor, the most abundant subtype in the vertebrate heart. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were reared at two levels of hypoxia (30 and 40 Torr PO2) from the point of fertilization. In hypoxic fish, the heart rate was significantly lower than in normoxic controls from 2 to 10 days postfertilization (dpf). At the more severe level of hypoxia (30 Torr PO2), there were significant increases in the relative mRNA expression of M2 and the cardiac type -adrenergic receptors ( 1AR, 2aAR, and 2bAR) at 4 dpf. The hypoxic bradycardia was abolished (at 40 Torr PO2) or significantly attenuated (at 30 Torr PO2) in larvae experiencing M2 receptor knockdown (using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides). Sham-injected larvae exhibited typical hypoxic bradycardia in both hypoxic regimens. The expression of 1AR, 2aAR, 2bAR, and M2 mRNA was altered at various stages between 1 and 4 dpf in larvae experiencing M2 receptor knockdown. Interestingly, M2 receptor knockdown revealed a cardioinhibitory role for the 2-adrenergic receptor. This is the first study to demonstrate a specific role of the M2 muscarinic receptor in the initiation of hypoxic bradycardia in fish.
Explaining the Growth of Divorce in Great Britain

This paper tests whether the liberalization of divorce law or economic factors can explain the postwar growth of divorce rates in Great Britain. Timing differences regarding the dates of legal innovations in England and Wales relative to Scotland are exploited to test for divorce law effects. The results suggest that innovations in family law have had a powerful but only temporary impact on divorce rates. The rising incidence of divorce is explained chiefly by the growth in the real earnings of women, which have increased postdivorce welfare by providing a measure of financial independence. Copyright 1997 by Scottish Economic Society.
Evaluation of renewable energy alternatives using MACBETH and fuzzy AHP multicriteria methods: the case of Turkey

Energy is a critical foundation for economic growth and social progress. It is estimated that 70% of the world energy consumption could be provided from renewable resources by the year 2050. Renewable energy is the inevitable choice for sustainable economic growth, for the harmonious coexistence of human and environment as well as for the sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the renewable energy alternatives as a key way for resolving the Turkey's energy-related challenges because of the fact that Turkey's energy consumption has risen dramatically over the past three decades as a consequence of economic and social development. In order to realize this aim, we comparatively use MACBETH and AHP-based multicriteria methods for the evaluation of renewable energy alternatives under fuzziness. We use 4 main attributes and 15 sub-attributes in the evaluation. The potential renewable energy alternatives in Turkey are determined as Solar, Wind, Hydropower, and Geothermal.
Word-of-mouth Communication in Marketing: An Exploratory Study of Motivations Behind Opinion Leadership and Opinion Seking

With a qualitative approach, this research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the motivations behind both opinion leadership and opinion seeking, in a non-western context. Findings show that no one is exclusively an opinion leader or a seeker and that both opinion leaders and seekers are motivated by deeper psychological needs, which may have a critical role in theory and practice. In addition to previously identified motivations and characteristics of opinion leaders and opinion seekers, new dimensions have been revealed. The diversity of motivations identified in this study suggests that managers must consider a broad range of reasons and deeper psychological needs that lead consumers to engage in word-of-mouth communication. Future research guidelines are provided which we hope will inspire additional empirical work.
Immune Signatures Predict Prognosis in Localized Cancer

ABSTRACT The host immune response can impact cancer growth, prognosis, and response to therapy. In colorectal cancer, the presence of cells involved with T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity predicts survival better than the current staging method. We used the expression of genes recently associated with host immune responses (TH1-mediated adaptive immunity, inflammation, and immune suppression) to perform hierarchical clustering of multiple large cohorts of cancer specimens to determine if immune-related gene expression resulted in clinical significant groupings of tumors. Microarray data from prostate cancer (n = 79), breast cancer (n = 132), lung cancer (n = 84), glioblastoma multiforme (n = 120), and lymphoma (n = 127) were analyzed. Among adenocarcinomas, the TH1-mediated adaptive immunity genes were consistently associated with better prognosis, while genes associated with inflammation and immune suppression were variably associated with outcome. Specifically, increased expression of the TH1-mediated adaptive immunity genes was associated with good prognosis in breast cancer patients under 45 years of age (p = .04, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42) and in prostate cancer patients (p = .03, HR = 0.36) but not in lung cancer patients (p = 0.45, HR = 1.37). In lymphoma, patients with increased expression of inflammation and immune suppression genes had better prognosis than those expressing the TH1-mediated adaptive immunity genes (p = .01, HR = 0.43) and in glioblastoma multiforme, the expression of inflammation genes conferred improved prognosis than those expressing immune suppression genes (p = 0.05, HR = 0.62). In aggregate, the gene expression signatures implicating specific components of the immune response hold prognostic import across solid tumors.
Financial reporting quality and corporate investment efficiency: Chinese experience

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between financial reporting quality and investment efficiency in China. Design/methodology/approach - By analyzing institutional background and hypotheses development, the paper selected listed firms in China to be the study samples. On the base of that, the relationship between financial reporting quality and investment efficiency of the samples were discussed. Findings - Consistent with this claim, the paper finds proxies for financial reporting quality, namely self-constructed composite measures, are negatively associated with both under- and overinvestment of the listed corporations; of which the effects of accrual quality and earnings smoothness on under- and overinvestment are most significant. Research limitations/implications - Overall, this paper has implications for research examining the determinants of investment efficiency and the economic consequences of enhanced financial reporting. Practical implications - This paper seeks to develop Chinese economic infrastructure into an economically efficient system of public financial reporting and disclosure in order to improve accounting information's role of allocating capital. Originality/value - The conclusion of this paper might be the first empirical evidence to support prior research that financial reporting quality is positively related to investment efficiency for large, US publicly traded firms, thus the findings extend to public firms in emerging markets.
Developmental expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA in rat mineralized connective tissues

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a phosphorylated and sulfated glycoprotein that is a major noncollagenous protein of bone and other mineralizing connective tissues. BSP is characterized by the presence of several polyglutamic acid segments and an RGD motif that mediates cell attachment through a vitronectin‐like receptor. Although the precise function of BSP is unknown, the expression of BSP in conjunction with bone formation in vitro indicates a role for this protein in the biomineralization of connective tissues. In this study we used Northern hybridization and in situ hybridization to determine the tissue‐specific and developmental expression of BSP during embryogenesis and growth of rat tissues. Analysis of tissues obtained from 13, 17, and 21 day fetuses, and from 4‐, 14‐, and 100‐day‐old animals indicates that BSP mRNA expression is restricted to cells actively forming the mineralizing tissues of bone, dentin and cementum. BSP mRNA transcripts were first evident in fully differentiated osteoblasts of 17 day fetal tissues at sites of de novo intramembranous and endochondral bone formation, with maximal expression observed at 21 days of gestation. Thereafter, BSP mRNA levels decreased markedly, and in adult bone hybridization was detected only in the primary spongiosa of long bones. In comparison, mRNAs for osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) peaked at 4–14 days postpartum before declining. In the tibiae, Northern hybridization revealed a second peak of mRNA for BSP, ALP, and OPN at 14 days, reflecting an increased osteogenic activity due to the formation of the secondary centers of ossification in the epiphyseal cartilage. In situ hybridization also revealed BSP mRNA in hypertrophic chondrocytes at sites of bone formation, in odontoblasts of the incisor during dentinogenesis, and in cementoblasts during cementogenesis. In view of the restricted distribution and temporal changes in the expression of BSP mRNA that we observed together with the chemical properties of BSP, we believe that this protein has a specific role in mediating the initial stages of connective tissue mineralization.