Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clump morphology and evolution in MHD simulations of molecular cloud formation

We study the properties of clumps formed in three-dimensional weakly magnetized magnetohydrodynamic simulations of converging flows in the thermally bistable, warm neutral medium (WNM). We find the following. (1) Similarly to the situation in the classical two-phase medium, cold, dense clumps form through dynamically triggered thermal instability in the compressed layer between the convergent flows, and are often characterized by a sharp density jump at their boundaries though not always. (2) However, the clumps are bounded by phase-transition fronts rather than by contact discontinuities, and thus they grow in size and mass mainly by accretion of WNM material through their boundaries. (3) The clump boundaries generally consist of thin layers of thermally unstable gas, but these layers are often widened by the turbulence, and penetrate deep into the clumps. (4) The clumps are approximately in both ram and thermal pressure balance with their surroundings, a condition which causes their internal Mach numbers to be comparable to the bulk Mach number of the colliding WNM flows. (5) The clumps typically have mean temperatures 20 ≲〈T〉≲ 50 K, corresponding to the wide range of densities they contain (20 ≲n≲ 5000 cm−3) under a nearly isothermal equation of state. (6) The turbulent ram pressure fluctuations of the WNM induce density fluctuations that then serve as seeds for local gravitational collapse within the clumps. (7) The velocity and magnetic fields tend to be aligned with each other within the clumps, although both are significantly fluctuating, suggesting that the velocity tends to stretch and align the magnetic field with it. (8) The typical mean field strength in the clumps is a few times larger than that in the WNM. (9) The magnetic field strength in the densest regions within the clumps (n∼ 104 cm−3) has a mean value of B∼ 6 μG but with a large scatter of nearly two orders of magnitude, implying that both sub- and supercritical cores are formed in the simulation. (10) In the final stages of the evolution, the clumps' growth drives them into gravitational instability, at which point star formation sets in, and the pressure in the clumps' centres increases even further.
Learning Style and Preference for Online Learning Support: Individual Quizzes versus Study Groups.

Forty-eight college students participated in an ABAB analysis; the A condition was online study groups and the B condition was individual online quizzes. The effect of A and B on student satisfaction and achievement was determined. The Index of Learning Styles categorized students on four dimensions of learning style (active-reflective, visual-verbal, sequential-global, sensing-intuitive). Active learners expressed preference for face-to-face study groups rather than online study groups and for online quizzes rather than pencil-and-paper quizzes. Visual learners expressed preference for online quizzes rather than online study groups. Such preferences were validated by decreased achievement under the online study group condition. At the college level, students are aware of their learning style and the conditions that facilitate their learning.
Histopathological findings of solitary thyroid nodule: An institutional retrospective analysis

Background: Thyroid swellings are commonly encountered in the surgical practice and accurate preoperative evaluation of thyroid disorder becomes mandatory for the proper management of the patients. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the histopathological finding in patients of solitary thyroid nodule at tertiary center of Kanpur region. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with solitary thyroid nodules were thoroughly examined clinically after taking detail history and fine-needle aspiration cytology. All the patients were subjected to surgery after preoperative preparation and anesthesia checkup. Thyroidectomy specimen was evaluated by histopathological examination. Results: Majority of the patients were between the age group of 21 and 40 years. Female:male ratio was about 5.6:1. Swelling in front of the neck was the most common presentation. Most common solitary thyroid swelling was the colloid goiter. The most common surgery performed was hemithyroidectomy. On histopathological examination, a total of 98 out of total 100 patients presented with benign lesions which included 66 patients of colloid goiter, 16 with follicular adenoma, 4 with lymphocytic thyroiditis, and 12 with adenomatous goiter. Two out of total 100 patients had malignant lesions. Among malignant lesions, papillary carcinoma was found in one patient and anaplastic carcinoma in one patient. Conclusion: The most common histopathological findings of solitary thyroid nodule were colloid goiter followed by follicular adenoma, adenomatous goiter and thyroiditis. Thyroid malignancy was very rare histopathological finding.
KONDISI FISIK RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT ISPA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MONCOBALANG KECAMATAN BAROMBONG KABUPATEN GOWA

Lingkungan pemukiman sangat besar peranannya dalam penyebaran penyakit menular, hal ini disebabkan karena kondisi perumahan yang tidak memenuhi syarat rumah sehat, terutama dilihat dari kondisi kesehatan lingkungan yang buruk, sehinggah berdampak, masyarakat itu sendiri untuk terjadinya suatu penyakit yang berbasis lingkungan yang dapat menular, adapun penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh keadaan tersebut adalah ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut). Jenis penelitian deskriptif,tujuan penelitian yaitu Untuk mengetahui kondisi pencahayaan, ventilasi, kondisi suhu dan kepadatan penghuni dengan kejadian penyakit ISPA di wilayah kerja puskesamas moncobalan kecamatan barombong kabupaten gowa, adapun jumlah sampel yang di teliti yaitu 196 penderita.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kondisi pencahayaan rumah responden yang ada di Desa Tinggimae kecamatan Barombong kabupate Gowa yakni rumah yang tidak memenuhi 114 penderita dengan persentase 58,16%, Kondisi ventilasi rumah responden yakni ventilasi rumah responden yang tidak memenuhi syarat 83 orang dengan persentase 42,34%, Kondisi suhu yakni 96 orang dengan persentase 48,97 % yang tidak memenuhi syarat dan Kondisi kepadatan penghuni yakni kondisi kepadatan penghuni yang tidak memenuhi syarat yakni 140 orang dengan persentase 71,42 %. Kesimpulan yaitu kondisi pencahayaan, suhu,ventilasi dan kepadatan penghuni rumah yang ada di desa Tinggimae kecamatan Barombong kabupaten Gowa melihat hasil diatas masih banyak yang belum memenuhi syarat rumah sehat sesuai dengan peraturan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1077/Per/V/2011 tentang Rumah sehat adapun sarannya yaitu Bagi peneliti selanjutnya sebaiknya melakukan penelitian terkait dengan bakteriologis yang ada pada ruangan sabagai bahan pembanding antara hasil dari responden, dan bagi masyakat sebaiknya lebih memperhatikan derajat kesehatannya dengan rutin melakukan konseling terhadap petugas klinik sanitasi Kata kunci:Kondisi rumah, ISPA, balita.
Patients' satisfaction and maintenance of fixed partial denture

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate patient satisfaction with fixed prosthesis following placement and to assess the oral health and oral hygiene practices awareness by survey questionnaire. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ninety-two questionnaires were filled by patients wearing fixed prosthesis; the questionnaire included the subjective perception of treatment with fixed prosthesis, patients' perception of clinical outcome, regarding esthetics, masticatory function, speech, and together patient's attitude toward oral hygiene measures. Results: Results showed that 84% of the patients were satisfied with their fixed prosthesis, while only 46.4% of patients were satisfied with the chewing ability. In concern, with esthetic outcome, 80% of patients showed that they were satisfied with the esthetic. The results showed that a high significantly number of patients did not use any form of interdental aids' to clean their fixed prosthesis (94%). The main reason for not using any dental aids' (91.1%) was a lack of post fixed prosthodontics instructions and not been informed by the dentist. Conclusion: High percentages of patients were satisfied with their fixed prosthesis. The most important finding of this study was that majority of patients showed a lack of knowledge regarding post fixed prosthodontics instructions and the significance of maintenance of fixed prosthesis using dental aids'. Of particular concern was the majority of dentists did not pay attention to the post treatment instructions concerning the maintenance of fixed prosthesis.
HPTLC Analysis of Bioactivity Guided Anticancer Enriched Fraction of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Picrorhiza kurroa

Objective. Hydroalcoholic extract of Picrorhiza kurroa and its fractions were subjected to in vitro screening for cytotoxicity; further best active fraction (BAF) obtained was tested against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model in Balb/c mice after its quality control analysis. Methods. Cytotoxicities of all the fractions and mother extract of P. kurroa were determined, using MTT assay on breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB 231) and cervical cancer (HeLa, SiHa) cell lines. Metabolic fingerprinting was developed using HPTLC with quantification of biomarkers (cucurbitacins B and E; betulinic acid; picrosides 1 and 2; and apocynin) in BAF. The EAC tumor-bearing mice were used for in vivo anticancer activity after oral administration (50 mg Kg−1) for 10 days. Results. Cytotoxicity assay of mother extract and its fractions over breast cancer and cervix cancer cell lines showed that dichloromethane (DCM) fraction was most cytotoxic (IC50 36.0–51.0 µg mL−1 at 72 h). Oral administration of DCM fraction showed significant reduction in tumor regression parameters, viable tumor cell count and restoration of hematological parameters may be due to presence of cucurbitacins B and E; betulinic acid; picrosides 1 and 2; and apocynin, as compared to the untreated mice of the control group. Conclusion. The DCM fraction of P. kurroa displayed potent anticancer activity and can be further explored for the development of a potential candidate for cancer therapy.
Crosscaps in Gepner models and the moduli space of T 2 orientifolds

We study T^2 orientifolds and their moduli space in detail. Geometrical insight into the involutive automorphisms of T^2 allows a straightforward derivation of the moduli space of orientifolded T^2s. Using c=3 Gepner models, we compare the explicit worldsheet sigma model of an orientifolded T^2 compactification with the CFT results. In doing so, we derive half-supersymmetry preserving crosscap coefficients for generic unoriented Gepner models using simple current techniques to construct the charges and tensions of Calabi-Yau orientifold planes. For T^2s we are able to identify the O-plane charge directly as the number of fixed points of the involution; this number plays an important role throughout our analysis. At several points we make connections with the mathematical literature on real elliptic curves. We conclude with a preliminary extension of these results to elliptically fibered K3s.
Adequacy of Maternal Iron Status Protects against Behavioral, Neuroanatomical, and Growth Deficits in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the leading non-genetic cause of neurodevelopmental disability in children. Although alcohol is clearly teratogenic, environmental factors such as gravidity and socioeconomic status significantly modify individual FASD risk despite equivalent alcohol intake. An explanation for this variability could inform FASD prevention. Here we show that the most common nutritional deficiency of pregnancy, iron deficiency without anemia (ID), is a potent and synergistic modifier of FASD risk. Using an established rat model of third trimester-equivalent binge drinking, we show that ID significantly interacts with alcohol to impair postnatal somatic growth, associative learning, and white matter formation, as compared with either insult separately. For the associative learning and myelination deficits, the ID-alcohol interaction was synergistic and the deficits persisted even after the offsprings’ iron status had normalized. Importantly, the observed deficits in the ID-alcohol animals comprise key diagnostic criteria of FASD. Other neurobehaviors were normal, showing the ID-alcohol interaction was selective and did not reflect a generalized malnutrition. Importantly ID worsened FASD outcome even though the mothers lacked overt anemia; thus diagnostics that emphasize hematological markers will not identify pregnancies at-risk. This is the first direct demonstration that, as suggested by clinical studies, maternal iron status has a unique influence upon FASD outcome. While alcohol is unquestionably teratogenic, this ID-alcohol interaction likely represents a significant portion of FASD diagnoses because ID is more common in alcohol-abusing pregnancies than generally appreciated. Iron status may also underlie the associations between FASD and parity or socioeconomic status. We propose that increased attention to normalizing maternal iron status will substantially improve FASD outcome, even if maternal alcohol abuse continues. These findings offer novel insights into how alcohol damages the developing brain.
Decaying dark matter can explain the e? excesses

PAMELA and ATIC recently reported excesses in e± cosmic rays. Since the interpretation in terms of DM annihilations was found to be not easily compatible with constraints from photon observations, we consider the DM decay hypothesis and find that it can explain the e± excesses compatibly with all constraints, and can be tested by dedicated HESS observations of the Galactic Ridge. ATIC data indicate a DM mass of about 2 TeV: this mass naturally implies the observed DM abundance relative to ordinary matter if DM is a quasi-stable composite particle with a baryon-like matter asymmetry. Technicolor naturally yields these type of candidates.
Speech signal noise reduction by EMD

In this paper, a speech signal noise reduction based on a multiresolution approach referred to as Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) [1] is introduced. The proposed speech denoising method is a fully data-driven approach. Noisy signal is decomposed adaptively into oscillatory components called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), using a temporal decomposition called sifting process. The basic principle of the method is to reconstruct the signal with IMFs previously thresholded using a shrinkage function. The denoising method is applied to speech with different noise levels and the results are compared to wavelet shrinkage. The study is limited to signals corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise.
Boosting Approach for Score Level Fusion in Multimodal Biometrics Based on AUC Maximization

We investigate AdaBoost and bipartite version of RankBoost abilities to minimize AUC and its application for score level fusion in multimodal biometric systems. To do this, we customize two methods of weak learner training. Empirical results show comparable AUC for AdaBoost and RankBoost.B which previously was addressed theoretically. We demonstrate exhaustive results among state of the art classiﬁers and techniques, e.g., SVM, GMM and SUM rule in this area. AdaBoost and RankBoost.B achieve signiﬁcant performance improvement compared to GMM and SUM rule, and the performance comparable to SVM. Besides empirical results, we show that, instead of adding a constant weak learner in order to maximize AUC using AdaBoost, instances could be weighted initially in each class inversely proportional to the number of instances in the corresponding classes.
Using Subcategorization to Resolve Verb Class Ambiguity

Levin's (1993) taxonomy of verbs and their classes is a widely used resource for lexical semantics. In her framework, some verbs, such as give exhibit no class ambiguity. But other verbs, such as write, can inhabit more than one class. In some of these ambiguous cases the appropriate class for a particular token of a verb is immediately obvious from inspection of the surrounding context. In others it is not, and an application which wants to recover this information will be forced to rely on some more or less elaborate process of inference. We present a simple statistical model of verb class ambiguity and show how it can be used to carry out such inference.
Virulence Genotyping of Salmonella spp. with Multiplex PCR

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol useful in the virulence genotyping of Salmonella spp. with the idea that genotyping could augment current Salmonella characterization and typing methods. Seventeen genes associated with Salmonella invasion, fimbrial production, toxin production, iron transport, and intramacrophage survival were targeted by three PCR reactions. Most of these genes are required for full Salmonella virulence in a murine model, and many are also located on Salmonella pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and are associated with type III secretion systems (TTSSs). Once the success of procedures that used positive and negative control strains was verified, the genotypes of 78 Salmonella isolates incriminated in avian salmonellosis (primarily from sick, commercially reared chickens and turkeys) and 80 Salmonella isolates from apparently healthy chickens or turkeys were compared. Eleven of the 17 genes tested (invA, orgA, prgH, tolC, spaN [invJ], sipB, sitC, pagC, msgA, spiA, and iroN) were found in all of the isolates. Another (sopB) was present in all isolates from sick birds and all but one isolate from healthy birds. The remaining five genes (lpfC, cdtB, sifA, pefA, and spvB) were found in 10%–90% of the isolates from sick birds and 3.75%–90% of the healthy birds. No significant differences in the occurrence of these genes between the two groups of isolates were detected. These results suggest that these virulence genes, and presumably the PAIs and TTSSs with which they are associated, are widely distributed among Salmonella isolates of birds, regardless of whether their hosts of origin have been identified as having salmonellosis.
Smartphone addiction: psychological and social factors predict the use and abuse of a social mobile application

ABSTRACT As smartphones have been revealed as hosts for addictive behaviors, many studies have focused on the relationship between psychological factors and the generalized use of smartphones without considering the wide range of activities involved. By collecting data from a large sample, this study investigated the relative contribution of both psychological and social factors in predicting different usage levels of the social mobile application (app) LINE, which is very popular in Asia. The results indicated that subjective norms and social identity predicted positively for individuals in the addictive use cluster, while self-esteem and social skills predicted negatively. The predictive power of self-esteem and life satisfaction was positive for the heavy use of LINE with no serious problems while that of subjective norms was negative. No single factor was associative with the ordinary use. These results highlight that people deficient in self-esteem and social skills, but eager to obtain others’ approval and a sense of belonging, are more inclined to develop an addiction to this app. Those who use LINE heavily with no serious problems are highly satisfied with life; they do not mind acting in accordance with others’ expectations, because they have high self-esteem. Ordinary users are not influenced psychologically or socially. This research not only underscores the importance of considering a specific form of application to understand the smartphone addiction, but also advances the knowledge of social contributors in this issue.
Analysis of a Class of Likelihood Based Continuous Time Stochastic Volatility Models including Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Models in Financial Economics

In a series of recent papers Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard introduce an attractive class of continuous time stochastic volatility models for financial assets where the volatility processes are functions of positive Ornstein-Uhlenbeck(OU) processes. This models are known to be substantially more flexible than Gaussian based models. One current problem of this approach is the unavailability of a tractable exact analysis of likelihood based stochastic volatility models for the returns of log prices of stocks. With this point in mind, the likelihood models of Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard are viewed as members of a much larger class of models. That is likelihoods based on n conditionally independent Normal random variables whose mean and variance are representable as linear functionals of a common unobserved Poisson random measure. The analysis of these models is facilitated by applying the methods in James (2005, 2002), in particular an Esscher type transform of Poisson random measures; in conjunction with a special case of the Weber-Sonine formula. It is shown that the marginal likelihood may be expressed in terms of a multidimensional Fourier-cosine transform. This yields tractable forms of the likelihood and also allows a full Bayesian posterior analysis of the integrated volatility process. A general formula for the posterior density of the log price given the observed data is derived, which could potentially have applications to option pricing. We extend the models to include leverage effects in section 5. It is shown that inference does not necessarily require simulation of random measures. Rather, classical numerical integration can be used in the most general cases.
Devil in the details? Developmental dyslexia and visual long-term memory for details

Cognitive theories on causes of developmental dyslexia can be divided into language-specific and general accounts. While the former assume that words are special in that associated processing problems are rooted in language-related cognition (e.g., phonology) deficits, the latter propose that dyslexia is rather rooted in a general impairment of cognitive (e.g., visual and/or auditory) processing streams. In the present study, we examined to what extent dyslexia (typically characterized by poor orthographic representations) may be associated with a general deficit in visual long-term memory (LTM) for details. We compared object- and detail-related visual LTM performance (and phonological skills) between dyslexic primary school children and IQ-, age-, and gender-matched controls. The results revealed that while the overall amount of LTM errors was comparable between groups, dyslexic children exhibited a greater portion of detail-related errors. The results suggest that not only phonological, but also general visual resolution deficits in LTM may play an important role in developmental dyslexia.
Selection and Crossbreeding I: Basic Concepts

Hybridization, the crossing of two (or more) lines or populations is a common feature of applied breeding and is also of considerable interest to evolutionary biologists. There are two distinct reasons to consider crosses between populations. First, breeders cross populations in an attempt to combine the best features of each line/population/species. This can often fail, in quite spectacular fashion. Consider the rabbage, the F1 between a radish and a cabbage. The idea was to combine a radish root with a cabbage head. Unfortunately, the result was a radish head on a cabbage root (Figure 21. 1). In this case, it would appear that the favorable genes for each species were either recessive and/or the result of strong epistatic interactions.