Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Perception and Fear of Crime: Implications for Neighborhood Cohesion, Social Activity, and Community Affect

This research examines the relationship between the perception and fear of crime on the one hand and neighborhood cohesion, social activity and affect for the community on the other, using survey data collected from interviews with a sample of residents of a western Canadian city. The hypotheses that the perception of increased crime and the fear of crime would be inversely related to neighborhood cohesion and social activity were not supported. But as hypothesized, the fear of crime was negatively related to affect for the community. And the prediction that the experience of actual victimization would not affect these hypothesized relationships was supported. When various social and residential variables were included with fear of crime in a multiple regression to predict community affect, low fear and older age were found to result in greater affect both for the neighborhood and the city. In addition, females and the less well-educated had more affect for the city. An exploration of possible interaction effects between fear of crime and the social and residential variables did not yield any significant results.
Competitive differential evolution for constrained problems

A variant of competitive differential evolution modified for the solution of single objective constrained realparameter optimization is presented in this paper. The modification consists in alternation of minimization of the constrains' violation and minimization of objective function value. The variant was tested on the family of 18 problems developed for the Special Session S000 of CEC2010. Using competitive setting avoids tuning of most control-parameter values because only size of population must be set by the user of the algorithm. The experimental results showed acceptable reliability of the search in most of test problems.
Isolated Digits Recognition in Kannada Language

In this paper, have implemented the isolated digit recognition in Kannada language using Hidden Markov Model Toolkit (HTK). Hidden Markov models used as pattern recognizer with the help of MFCC as a featured vector of the wave samples. The paper focuses on all isolated digits of Kannada i.e. Sonne to Ommbattu (0 to 9), The system helps in interaction of rural people and the computer or any system. The system data structure is defined at word level and its performance is evaluated.
Temperament Styles of Children from the People's Republic of China and the United States

Preferences for four bipolar temperament qualities (i.e. extroversion-introversion, practical-imaginative, thinking-feeling and organized-flexible styles) of 400 Chinese children, ages 9, 11, 13 and 15, first are described and then compared to temperament qualities of 3,539 US children of the same ages. Chinese children more frequently prefer extroversion to introversion styles, practical to imaginative styles, thinking to feeling styles and organized to flexible styles. In contrast to Chinese boys, Chinese girls are more likely to prefer practical and feeling styles. All four bipolar temperament styles display some age changes, with practical-imaginative and organized-flexible styles displaying the most changes. Although Chinese and US children did not differ on extroversion-introversion styles, they differ on three temperament styles. Compared to US children, Chinese children are more likely to prefer practical, thinking and organized styles; these differences were found within boys and girls from the two countries. Temperament preferences displayed by Chinese and US children may reflect qualities important to values prominent in either a collectivist or individualist society.
A Nucleosome-Guided Map of Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Yeast

Finding functional DNA binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) throughout the genome is a crucial step in understanding transcriptional regulation. Unfortunately, these binding sites are typically short and degenerate, posing a significant statistical challenge: many more matches to known TF motifs occur in the genome than are actually functional. However, information about chromatin structure may help to identify the functional sites. In particular, it has been shown that active regulatory regions are usually depleted of nucleosomes, thereby enabling TFs to bind DNA in those regions. Here, we describe a novel motif discovery algorithm that employs an informative prior over DNA sequence positions based on a discriminative view of nucleosome occupancy. When a Gibbs sampling algorithm is applied to yeast sequence-sets identified by ChIP-chip, the correct motif is found in 52% more cases with our informative prior than with the commonly used uniform prior. This is the first demonstration that nucleosome occupancy information can be used to improve motif discovery. The improvement is dramatic, even though we are using only a statistical model to predict nucleosome occupancy; we expect our results to improve further as high-resolution genome-wide experimental nucleosome occupancy data becomes increasingly available.
Glaucoma-Deep: Detection of Glaucoma Eye Disease on Retinal Fundus Images using Deep Learning

Detection of glaucoma eye disease is still a challenging task for computer-aided diagnostics (CADx) systems. During eye screening process, the ophthalmologists measures the glaucoma by structure changes in optic disc (OD), loss of nerve fibres (LNF) and atrophy of the peripapillary region (APR). In retinal images, the automated CADx systems are developed to assess this eye disease through segmentation-based hand-crafted features. Therefore in this paper, the convolutional neural network (CNN) unsupervised architecture was used to extract the features through multilayer from raw pixel intensities. Afterwards, the deep-belief network (DBN) model was used to select the most discriminative deep features based on the annotated training dataset. At last, the final decision is performed by softmax linear classifier to differentiate between glaucoma and non-glaucoma retinal fundus image. This proposed system is known as Glaucoma-Deep and tested on 1200 retinal images obtained from publically and privately available datasets. To evaluate the performance of Glaucoma-Deep system, the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), accuracy (ACC), and precision (PRC) statistical measures were utilized. On average, the SE of 84.50%, SP of 98.01%, ACC of 99% and PRC of 84% values were achieved. Comparing to state-of-the-art systems, the Nodular-Deep system accomplished significant higher results. Consequently, the Glaucoma-Deep system can easily recognize the glaucoma eye disease to solve the problem of clinical experts during eye-screening process on large-scale environments.
How bartenders relate to intoxicated customers

Buvik, K. (2013). How bartenders relate to intoxicated customers. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(2), 1-6. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i2. 120 ( http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.120 ) Aims: In many studies, the extent of over-serving has been registered, but few attempts have been made to understand what happens in these situations when alcohol is ordered. The present study was designed to address two questions: How can we understand and explain why bartenders over-serve customers who are clearly intoxicated? What influences the interactions between bartenders and customers in situations in which alcohol is served? Design: Observation of 32 purchase attempts with pseudo-patrons, and in-depth interviews with seven bartenders. The bartenders interviewed were not those who were involved in the test purchasing. Findings: In the majority of cases, the pseudo-patrons were served without the bartender showing any sign of evaluating the customer’s level of intoxication. Three factors affect the bartenders’ interactions with intoxicated customers: a working situation not adapted for responsible serving; a drinking culture with a collective acceptance of intoxication; and opposition to the Alcohol Act, which is seen as too strict and ineptly enforced. Bartenders blamed their serving of intoxicated patrons on hectic working conditions as well as on wanting to maintain a good atmosphere in the bar and avoid conflicts. Observation at the premises showed a liberal drinking culture that legitimizes a high level of intoxication. Conclusions: As long as the customer appears pleasant and not confrontational, they can have another beer. Serving is the rule, and denial of service is the exception.
Coping with war captivity: the role of attachment style

The current study examines the implication of attachment style in both immediate coping and long‐term adjustment of prisoners of war (POWs). 164‐ex‐POWs and 184 matched controls filled out a battery of questionnaires, 18 years after the war. They were questioned about their subjective experience of captivity, current mental health status, and characteristic attachment style. Secure individuals, who reported lower levels of suffering, less helplessness and more active coping during captivity, exhibited better long‐term adjustment. Avoidant ex‐POWs, who reported helplessness and hostility, and ambivalent individuals, who felt abandoned and vulnerable, reported long‐term maladjustment. The role of attachment style as a stress‐moderating resource is discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
College Students and Academic Performance: A Case of Taking Control

College students face a myriad of pressures and challenges in the academic environment as they seek to maintain optimal performance or even to remain in the academic program. In 2002, it was reported that more than 30% of first-year students did not return for their second year of college (Smith), and only 40% are reported to actually compete their degree and graduate (Newby, 2002). This information suggests that either due to problems with integration or other difficulties encountered in the social or academic culture of the institution, a significant proportion of college students fail to attain an acceptable level of academic achievement and ultimately withdraw (Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991). The better we understand the factors that contribute to academic success, the greater the potential for positive and timely intervention to
Understanding the Link Between Personal Recovery Experience and Program Delivery Decisions of Administrators Working in Addiction Agencies Serving Women in Canada

Research suggests that some administrators of addiction agencies draw heavily on their personal recovery experience when making their decisions. The purpose of this study was to describe the role of personal recovery experience in administrators’ practice-related decision making. A qualitative study involving 23 administrators of Canadian addiction agencies was conducted. The interviewed administrators incorporated their personal recovery experience into (a) clinical decisions; (b) staff supervision and in-service training; (c) program planning, development, and administration; and (d) community service planning and policymaking. Future research should address the complexity of practice-related decision making among this group of decision makers.
Stock manipulation and its impact on market quality

Using a new hand-collected data set, this study examines the stock price manipulation in the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE). We examine the characteristics of the manipulated stocks, and their impacts on market quality. The results show that manipulated stocks tend to be small. The stock prices rise throughout the manipulation period, followed by a price reversal. The average cumulative abnormal return of the manipulated stocks is over 70 percent, which is far higher than that found in the developed markets but similar to emerging market circumstances. In addition, manipulated stocks display increased return continuation conditional on high trading volume, and increased volatility of stock price conditional on high liquidity of market during the manipulation period. Market depth is also worse during the manipulation period. This suggests that stock manipulation can actually create market inefficiency, lead to both abnormally high trading volume and volatility, worsen the market depth, and hence have important impacts on market quality. JEL classification: G14; G15
What Increases Risk and Protection for Delinquent Behaviors Among American Indian Youth?

The primary purpose of this study was to compare the risk and protective factors for delinquent behaviors among American Indian youth in three distinct tribal communities. Focus group discussions were used to gather data from elders, parents, youth workers, and youth in each tribal community. Findings showed that the key source for increasing risk and protection for delinquent behaviors among American Indian youth is the family. In particular is the protective presence of a parent and having a parent available for discussing problems. Participants also revealed how many parents lack the knowledge and confidence to discipline their children. These findings suggest a need for programs that strengthen parent-adolescent communication, parenting skills, and offer cultural teachings and sensitivity training for school personnel. Interventions also need to be specific to the cultural context and cannot assume the same risk and protective factors will apply to all American Indian youth.
What is Social Comparison and How Should We Study it?

Despite renewed vigor in the social comparison literature, little attention has been paid to methods of studying social comparison. This article examines frequently used measures and procedures in social comparison research. The question of whether a method truly captures social comparison requires a clear understanding of what social comparison is; hence a definition of social comparison is proposed, multiple ancillary processes in social comparison are identified, and definitional controversies are addressed. Then, methods are examined for how strongly they imply social comparison and for whether they capture social comparisons as they would occur naturally. It is argued that some methods may not truly capture social comparison, that some methods may be too vulnerable to alternative interpretations to be useful, and that some methods may paint an inaccurate picture of social comparison.
Obscured active galactic nuclei from the ELAIS Deep X-ray Survey

The sources discovered in deep hard X-ray surveys with 2-8 keV fluxes of S2 8 � 10 14 ergcm 2 s 1 make up the bulk of the X-ray background at these energies. We present here detailed multi-wavelength observations of three such sources from the ELAIS Deep X-ray Survey. The observations include sensitive near-infrared spectroscopy with the Subaru Telescope and X-ray spectral information from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The sources observed all have optical-to-near-IR colours redder than an unobscured quasar and comprise a reddened quasar, a radio galaxy and an optically-obscured AGN. The reddened quasar is at a redshift z = 2.61 and shows a very large X-ray absorbing column of NH � 3 × 10 23 cm 2 . This contrasts with the relatively small amount of dust reddening, implying a gas-to-dust ratio along the line-of-sight a hundred times greater than that of the Milky Way. The radio galaxy at z = 1.57 shows only narrow emission lines, but has a surprisingly soft X-ray spectrum. The softness of this spectrum either indicates an unusually low gas-to-dust ratio for the absorbing medium or X-ray emission related to the young radio source. The host galaxy is extremely red (R K = 6.4) and its optical/near-IR spectrum is best fit by a strongly reddened (AV � 2) starburst. The third X-ray source discussed is also extremely red (R K = 6.1) and lies in a close grouping of three other R K > 6 galaxies. No emission or absorption lines were detected from this object, but its redshift (and that of one of the nearby galaxies) are constrained by SED-fitting to be just greater than z = 1. The extremely red colours of these two galaxies can be accounted for by old stellar populations. These observations illustrate the diverse properties of hard X-ray selected AGN at high redshift in terms of obscuration at optical and X-ray wavelengths and the evolutionary states of their host galaxies.
Sense of Community, Inclusion, and Religious Pluralism: A Comparison of Two Catholic Universities

Abstract For decades researchers assessed sense of community (SOC), inclusion, and pluralism within academic settings. In the present study, 2,220 undergraduate students (1,442 women, 778 men; M age = 23.42 years; SD = 7.84) at two Catholic universities responded to perceived levels of school sense of community, inclusion, and religious pluralism. Analyses of covariance assessing participants’ university setting, religious affiliation, and racial identification showed no significant interaction or main effects for setting and racial identity with regard to inclusion. However, a significant interaction for university setting and religious affiliation for sense of community was found. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
The Suicidal Mind

Suicide haunts our literature and our culture, claiming the lives of ordinary people and celebrities alike. It is now the third leading cause of death for fifteen- to twenty-four-year-olds in the United States, raising alarms across the nation about the rising tide of hopelessness seen in our young people. It is a taboo subtext to our successes and our happiness, a dark issue that is often euphemized, avoided, and little understood. In our century, psychology and psychiatry alike have attempted to understand, prevent, and medicalize these phenomena. But they have failed, argues Dr. Edwin Shneidman, because they have lost sight of the plain language, the ordinary everyday words, the pain and frustrated psychological needs of the suicidal individual. In The Suicidal Mind, Dr. Shneidman has written a groundbreaking work for every person who has ever thought about suicide or knows anybody who has contemplated it. The book brims with insight into the suicidal impulse and with helpful suggestions on how to counteract it. Shneidman presents a bold and simple premise: the main cause of suicide is psychological pain or "psychache. " Thus the key to preventing suicide is not so much the study of the structure of the brain, or the study of social statistics, or the study of mental diseases, as it is the direct study of human emotions. To treat a suicidal individual, we need to identify, address, and reduce the individual's psychache. Shneidman shares with the reader his knowledge, both as a clinician and researcher, of the psychological drama that plays itself out in the suicidal mind through the exploration of three moving case studies. We meet Ariel, who set herself on fire; Beatrice, who cut herself with the intent to die; and Castro, a young man who meant to shoot his brains out but survived, horribly disfigured. These cases are presented in the person's own words to reveal the details of the suicidal drama, to show that the purpose of suicide is to seek a solution, to illustrate the pain at the core of suicide, and to isolate the common stressor in suicide: frustrated psychological needs. Throughout, Shneidman offers practical, explicit maneuvers to assist in treating a suicidal individual-steps that can be taken by concerned friends or family and professionals alike. Suicide is an exclusively human response to extreme psychological pain, a lonely and desperate solution for the sufferer who can no longer see any alternatives. In this landmark and elegantly written book, Shneidman provides the language, not only for understanding the suicidal mind, but for understanding ourselves. Anyone who has ever considered suicide, or knows someone who has, will find here a wealth of insights to help understand and to prevent suicide.
Recruitment of a Ribosomal Release Factor for Light- and Stress-Dependent Regulation of petB Transcript Stability in Arabidopsis Chloroplasts[W][OA]

The plastid ribosomal release factor-like protein PrfB3 arose from a gene duplication and has subsequently lost the two most important tripeptide motifs required for stop codon recognition and catalysis. This work shows that PrfB3 is essential in vascular plants and has been recruited for binding and environment-dependent stabilization of petB RNA to regulate cytochrome b6f complex levels. Land plant genomes encode four functional ribosomal peptide chain release factors (Prf) of eubacterial origin, two (PrfA and PrfB homologs) for each endosymbiotic organelle. Formerly, we have shown that the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast-localized PrfB homolog, PrfB1, is required not only for termination of translation but also for stabilization of UGA stop codon-containing chloroplast transcripts. A previously undiscovered PrfB-like protein, PrfB3, is localized to the chloroplast stroma in a petB RNA-containing complex and found only in vascular plants. Highly conserved positions of introns unequivocally indicate that PrfB3 arose from a duplication of PrfB1. Notably, PrfB3 is lacking the two most important tripeptide motifs characteristic for all eubacterial and organellar PrfB homologs described so far: the stop codon recognition motif SPF and the catalytic center GGQ for peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis. Complementation studies, as well as functional and molecular analyses of two allelic mutations in Arabidopsis, both of which lead to a specific deficiency of the cytochrome b6f complex, revealed that PrfB3 is essentially required for photoautotrophic growth. Plastid transcript, polysome, and translation analyses indicate that PrfB3 has been recruited in vascular plants for light- and stress-dependent regulation of stability of 3′ processed petB transcripts to adjust cytochrome b6 levels.
Coordination in Categorical Compositional Distributional Semantics

An open problem with categorical compositional distributional semantics is the representation of words that are considered semantically vacuous from a distributional perspective, such as determiners, prepositions, relative pronouns or coordinators. This paper deals with the topic of coordination between identical syntactic types, which accounts for the majority of coordination cases in language. By exploiting the compact closed structure of the underlying category and Frobenius operators canonically induced over the fixed basis of finite-dimensional vector spaces, we provide a morphism as representation of a coordinator tensor, and we show how it lifts from atomic types to compound types. Linguistic intuitions are provided, and the importance of the Frobenius operators as an addition to the compact closed setting with regard to language is discussed.
Wie gehen Erwachsene mit dem Lachen und Auslachen um? Zur erinnerten Rolle von Lehrern, Familie und Gleichaltrigen

Untersucht wird der Zusammenhang zwischen erinnerten sozialen Unterstutzungs- und Belastungsfaktoren in Kindheit und Jugend durch Familie, Lehrer und Gleichaltrige mit der Auspragung der Angst vor dem Ausgelachtwerden (Gelotophobie), der Freude am Ausgelachtwerden (Gelotophilie), der Freude daran, andere auszulachen (Katagelastizismus) sowie zur Lebenszufriedenheit im Erwachsenenalter (N = 288; die Daten wurden online erhoben). Hohere erinnerte Unterstutzung ging mit geringeren Werten in Gelotophobie und hoheren in Gelotophilie einher (keine Beziehung zu Katagelastizismus). Ebenso ging hohere erinnerte Unterstutzung mit hoherer Lebenszufriedenheit einher. Fur die Angst vor dem Ausgelachtwerden schien vor allem die Unterstutzung durch Gleichaltrige gefolgt von jener durch die Eltern von groser Bedeutung zu sein. Geringere erinnerte Unterstutzung durch Lehrer hing nur in geringem Ausmas mit Gelotophobie zusammen, sodass den Lehrern hier keine zentrale Rolle zuzukommen scheint. Allerdings fand sich, dass Unterstutzung durch Lehrer (ebenso wie jene durch Eltern oder Gleichaltrige) mit hoherer Lebenszufriedenheit einherging. Die Studie zeigt robuste Zusammenhange zwischen sozia¬len Unterstutzungs- und Belastungsfaktoren und Reaktionen auf den Umgang mit (Aus-)Lachen und Ausgelachtwerden im Erwachsenenalter.