Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Body Mass Index across Age Groups in Iranian Women: Results from the National Health Survey

Background. To investigate the associations between some factors with weight gain across age groups in Iranian women. Methods. Proportional odds model was used to estimate the probability of BMI categorized as a function of education, economic index, workforce, smoking, marital status, and place of residence adjusted for age, using data from the “National Health Survey in Iran” database. It included 14176 women aged 20–69 years. Results. For all covariates, age was directly associated with overweight and obesity before 60 years of age. Among women aged 20–40 years, the rates of change in probabilities of overweight and obesity were highest. Among women, being inactive, with high economic index, married, being nonsmoker, in an urban residence, with lower educational attainment, all increased the probabilities of overweight and obesity. Conclusions. Women aged 20–40 years gained weight faster than other groups. They may need additional information and more support on how to reduce their risk for weight gain through positive health behaviors.
Physiologic monitor alarms for children: Pushing the limits.

Division of General Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Hepatoprotective potential of astaxanthin against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA) on cultured primary rat hepatocytes treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels, and liver micronucleus rates. ASTA (2.5, 5, and 10 µM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 µM) for 48 h. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that both doses of TCDD caused significant decrease in cell viability. Also, TCDD significantly increased TOS and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increase in micronucleated hepatocytes) and 8-OH-dG level as compared to control culture. The presence of ASTA with TCDD minimized its effects on primary hepatocytes cultures and DNA damages.
Depression in psychosis : associations with psychological flexibility and emotion regulation

Background: Depressive symptoms have been found to accompany and develop following psychosis. Depression following psychosis has been associated with negative self-cognitions. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) posits that avoidance of distressing internal experiences can lead to psychological inflexibility and the maintenance of distress. Aims: The study conducted a preliminary investigation into the effectiveness and acceptability of a brief ACT-based defusion intervention aimed at increasing psychological flexibility and reducing distress associated with negative self cognitions. This research also explored the extent to which levels of depression experienced by individuals with psychosis are associated with internal shame, psychological flexibility and emotion regulation difficulties. Method: A randomised controlled trial design was used in phase 1 of the study. Individuals were randomised to either a brief defusion intervention (N=8) or a control condition (N=8). An exploratory correlational design was used in phase 2 of the research.Sixteen participants completed questionnaires. Results: Levels of depression in individuals with psychosis were associated with internal shame, psychological inflexibility and difficulties with emotion regulation. A trend approaching significance suggested that the change in levels of distress related to a negative self cognition in the defusion group was greater than the corresponding change for the control group. Conclusions: Individuals randomised to a defusion exercise found the intervention acceptable and it appears to offer promise for reducing distress associated with negative self cognitions.
Differences in the Dispositional Empathy of Juvenile Sex Offenders, Non-Sex-Offending Delinquent Juveniles, and Nondelinquent Juveniles

Differences in dispositional empathy between juvenile sex offenders, non-sex-offending delinquent juveniles, and nondelinquent juveniles were explored controlling for age and race. Participants were 81 males ranging in age from 13 to 18 from a southwestern state. Their scores on Davis's Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) were analyzed using a one-way randomized block multivariate analysis of variance. Postomnibus analyses included mean vector comparisons followed by univariate analyses comparing the means on each IRI subscale. Juvenile sex offenders and non-sex-offending delinquent juveniles scored significantly higher than nondelinquents on the Personal Distress subscale. Non-sex-offending delinquent juveniles scored significantly higher than the juvenile sex offenders on the Empathic Concern subscale.
An Efficient Primal-Dual Interior-Point Method for Minimizing a Sum of Euclidean Norms

The problem of minimizing a sum of Euclidean norms dates from the 17th century and may be the earliest example of duality in the mathematical programming literature. This nonsmooth optimization problem arises in many different kinds of modern scientific applications. We derive a primal-dual interior-point algorithm for the problem, by applying Newton's method directly to a system of nonlinear equations characterizing primal and dual feasibility and a perturbed complementarity condition. The main work at each step consists of solving a system of linear equations (the Schur complement equations). This Schur complement matrix is not symmetric, unlike in linear programming. We incorporate a Mehrotra-type predictor-corrector scheme and present some experimental results comparing several variations of the algorithm, including, as one option, explicit symmetrization of the Schur complement with a skew corrector term. We also present results obtained from a code implemented to solve large sparse problems, using a symmetrized Schur complement. This has been applied to problems arising in plastic collapse analysis, with hundreds of thousands of variables and millions of nonzeros in the constraint matrix. The algorithm typically finds accurate solutions in less than 50 iterations and determines physically meaningful solutions previously unobtainable.
SLR: A scalable latent role model for attribute completion and tie prediction in social networks

Social networks are an important class of networks that span a wide variety of media, ranging from social websites such as Facebook and Google Plus, citation networks of academic papers and patents, caller networks in telecommunications, and hyperlinked document collections such as Wikipedia - to name a few. Many of these social networks now exceed millions of users or actors, each of which may be associated with rich attribute data such as user profiles in social websites and caller networks, or subject classifications in document collections and citation networks. Such attribute data is often incomplete for a number of reasons - for example, users may be unwilling to spend the effort to complete their profiles, while in the case of document collections, there may be insufficient human labor to accurately classify all documents. At the same time, the tie or link information in these networks may also be incomplete - in social websites, users may simply be unaware of potential acquaintances, while in citation networks, authors may be unaware of appropriate literature that should be referenced. Completing and predicting these missing attributes and ties is important to a spectrum of applications, such as recommendation, personalized search, and targeted advertising, yet large social networks can pose a scalability challenge to existing algorithms designed for this task. Towards this end, we propose an integrative probabilistic model, SLR, that captures both attribute and tie information simultaneously, and can be used for attribute completion and tie prediction, in order to enable the above mentioned applications. A key innovation in our model is the use of triangle motifs to represent ties in the network, in order to scale to networks with millions of nodes and beyond. Experiments on real world datasets show that SLR significantly improves the accuracy of attribute prediction and tie prediction compared to well-known methods, and our distributed, multi-machine implementation easily scales up to millions of users. In addition to fast and accurate attribute and tie prediction, we also demonstrate how SLR can identify the attributes most responsible for homophily within the network, thus revealing which attributes drive network tie formation.
Changes in renal concentrating ability produced by parathyroid extract.

Polyuria is a frequent symptom of hyperparathyroidism. Impairment of renal concentrating ability, often out of proportion to other signs of renal insufficiency, has been noted in patients with hyperparathyroidism (1-3) as well as in patients and animals with hypercalcemia due to other causes (4-6). In many patients with hyperparathyroidism, extensive deposits of calcium in the renal parenchyma, secondary fibrosis, superimposed pyelonephritis and vascular disease have combined to destroy considerable amounts of renal substance. The mechanism of the reported decrease in renal concentrating ability in such patients is not clear, since fixation of urinary specific gravity is a well-known accompaniment of the simple ablation of renal tissue (7). In the present experiments, renal concentrating capacity was found to be depressed in dogs in which hypercalcemia had been induced for only 24 hours by injecting parathyroid extract. This functional defect was associated with morphologic changes in the distal portions of nephrons and the collecting ducts.
Identifying behavioral barriers to campus sustainability: A multi-method approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the behavioral barriers to sustainable action in a campus community. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports three different methodological approaches to the assessment of behavioral barriers to sustainable actions on a college campus. Focus groups and surveys were used to assess campus members’ opinions about the barriers that limit sustainable behaviors on campus. After identifying general barriers, behavioral assessment was used to assess specific barriers to energy conservation in a target location on campus and to develop an intervention to reduce energy use for that location. Findings – Across methodologies, four key behavioral barriers to sustainable actions were consistently reported: communication/awareness, inconvenience, financial concerns and lack of engagement. The intervention that was developed targeted the barriers of communication issues and lack of awareness and resulted in reduced energy use for a target campus location. Original.
Individualism and Islamic Work Beliefs

This study examines the relationship of individualism to Islamic work beliefs among Arab teachers in Israel. Three factors emerged from the factor analysis of the Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) scale. Personal and organizational obligations was the dominant IWE factor and was relatively independent of individualism. The other two IWE factors were moderately correlated to the individualism index.
Social network theory and analysis: a complementary lens for inquiry.

As an emerging research approach, social network theory and analysis has been embraced and effectively applied in disciplines that have overlapping interests with sport management researchers including such fields as organizational behavior and sport sociology. Although a number of sport management scholars have investigated network-related concepts, to date no sport management studies have fully utilized the analytical tools that social network theory and analysis have to offer. In conjunction with a discussion about the ontological, epistemological, and methodological perspectives associated with network analysis, this article uses several examples from the sport management and organizational behavior bodies of literature to illustrate a number of the advantageous techniques and insights social network theory and analysis can offer. These examples are meant to provide a general understanding of the utility and applicability of the social network theory and analysis and potentially inspire sport manageme.
The Autodisplay Story, from Discovery to Biotechnical and Biomedical Applications

SUMMARY Among the pathways used by gram-negative bacteria for protein secretion, the autotransporter pathway represents a solution of impressive simplicity. Proteins are transported, independent of their nature as recombinant or native passengers, as long as the coding nucleotide sequence is inserted in frame between those of an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal domain, referred to as the β-barrel of the outer membrane translocation unit. The immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease from Neisseria gonorrhoeae was the first identified member of the autotransporter family of secreted proteins. The IgA1 protease was employed in initial experiments investigating autotransporter-mediated surface display of recombinant proteins and to investigate structural and functional requirements. Various other autotransporter proteins have since been described, and the autodisplay system was developed on the basis of the natural Escherichia coli autotransporter protein AIDA-I (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence). Autodisplay has been used for the surface display of random peptide libraries to successfully screen for novel enzyme inhibitors. The autodisplay system was also used for the surface display of functional enzymes, including esterases, oxidoreductases, and electron transfer proteins. Whole E. coli cells displaying enzymes have been utilized to efficiently synthesize industrially important rare organic compounds with specific chirality. Autodisplay of epitopes on the surface of attenuated Salmonella carriers has also provided a novel way to induce immune protection after oral vaccination. This review summarizes the structural and functional features of the autodisplay system, illustrating its discovery and most recent applications. Autodisplay facilitates the export of more than 100,000 recombinant molecules per single cell and permits the oligomerization of subunits on the cell surface as well as the incorporation of inorganic prosthetic groups after transport of apoproteins onto the bacterial surface without disturbing bacterial integrity or viability. We discuss future biotechnical and biomedical applications in the light of these achievements.
The associations between information and communication technology (ICT) and peer and parent relations in early adolescence

The study aims were, first, to examine the associations between the type and intensity of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and peer and parent relationships. Second, the study explored gender- and age-specific ICT usage and their associations with peer and parent relationships. The participants were 478 Finnish 10- and 13-year-old girls and boys. They reported the frequencies of digital game playing, using a computer for information seeking, communication, and Internet surfing, and evaluated the qualities of peer relationships (popularity, loneliness, and friendship) and communication with mother and father (open and conflicting). As hypothesized, intensive usage of ICT for entertainment (digital playing and Internet surfing) was associated with poor relations with both peers and parents, while intensive usage of ICT for communication (email and chat rooms) was associated with good peer relations, and poor parent relations. The associations were, however, gender-specific. Among girls intensive digital game playing was associated with poor mother—daughter and among boys with poor father—son communication. ICT is discussed as provider of new tools for playing, exploring, and communicating in childhood and adolescence.
The ability of pressure-controlled discography to predict surgical and nonsurgical outcomes.

STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, retrospective study of long-term surgical and nonsurgical patient outcomes, after lumbar discography. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy and surgical outcome predictive value of categorizing positive discography findings, using a pressure x pain provocation categorization system. BACKGROUND With the use of pressure-controlled manometric discography, improved and more specific diagnostic categorization is possible. The literature suggests that more specific categorization of positive discographic findings may predict surgical and nonsurgical outcomes. Studies have shown that intertransverse fusions may not fully protect the disc from anterior loading. Consequently, in patients who have low-pressure-sensitive discs, surgery that includes interbody fusion should provide a more favorable long-term outcome than intertransverse fusion only. METHODS Long-term outcome was ascertained in 96 patients who had lumbar discography and subsequently underwent interbody fusion alone, combined fusion, intertransverse fusion or no surgery. Patients were retrospectively placed into specific diagnostic categories, according to a four-point scale. Progressively restrictive subgroups, beginning with the entire sample and ending with the most sensitive group (chemically sensitive), were examined for long-term surgical outcome differentiation. RESULTS There were no significant differences in long-term surgical outcome across the entire sample. However, significant outcome differences existed across the subgroup of patients with chemically sensitive discs. In this group, patients undergoing interbody/combined fusion had a significantly better outcome than patients who had intertransverse fusion. Nonsurgical patients had the worst outcome overall. CONCLUSIONS Patients with highly (chemically) sensitive discs appear to achieve significantly better long-term outcomes with interbody/combined fusion than with intertransverse fusion. Patients without disc surgery have the least favorable outcome. Precise prospective categorization of positive discographic diagnoses may predict outcomes from treatment, surgical or otherwise, thereby greatly facilitating therapeutic decision-making.
Autism and anorexia nervosa: Related conditions?

Infantile autism, the most severe behavioural disorder of childhood, affects boys much more often than girls. Some of the symptoms of autism are seen in anorexia nervosa, which affects girls much more often than boys. Four families are presented in which a female with anorexia nervosa had a male close relative with infantile autism. Neurobiological background factors are presented. It is suggested that in some families a common (hereditary? ) vulnerability in interaction with environmental factors causes anorexia nervosa in girls at puberty and autism in boys in infancy. □ Anorexia nervosa, autism, genetics.
In Vivo Prevention of Bladder Urotoxicity

Urotoxicity is a troublesome complication associated with cyclophosphamide (CP) and L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment in chemotherapy. With this concern in mind, the present study investigated the potential effects of a hydroxytyrosol extract from olive mill waste (OMW) on urotoxicity induced by acute CP and BSO doses using a Swiss albino mouse model. Toxicity modulation was evaluated by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidants in urinary bladder. The findings revealed that the hydroxytyrosol extract exerted a protective effect not only on LPO but also on enzymatic antioxidants. When compared to the controls, the CP-treated animals underwent significant decreases in the glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and catalase (CAT) activities. The level of glutathione (GSH) was also reduced with increased doses of LPO in the CP-treated animals. L-Buthionine-SR-sulfoximine treatment exerted an additive toxic effect on the CP-treated animals. Interestingly, pretreatment with the hydroxytyrosol extract restored the activities of all enzymes back to normal levels and exhibited an overall protective effect on the CP- and BSO-induced toxicities in urinary bladder. The restoration of GSH through the treatment with the hydroxytyrosol extract can play an important role in reversing CP-induced apoptosis and free radical-mediated LPO.
Deep but lightweight neural networks for fish detection

The explosive growth of the underwater images make the demand for automatic accurate object detection more and more urgent. In this paper, we introduced a deep but lightweight neural network to detect fishes. It achieved the state-of-the-art accuracy for fish detection on the dataset of ImageCLEF, which includes 24,277 fish images belonging to 12 classes. Compared with the common used detection network, such as Faster R-CNN, we change the structure of convolution layers by using some building blocks including concatenated ReLU, Inception, and HyperNet. The final network obtained best results of 89.95% mAP(mean average precision), 7.25% higher than the Faster R-CNN network on the same dataset.
Comprehension of seeing as a referential act in young children, but not juvenile chimpanzees

Using their previously demonstrated gaze-following abilities, juvenile chimpanzees (and 3-year-old human children) were tested to determine if they interpreted seeing as the mental state of attention. The studies tested predictions generated by a low-level model of chimpanzee gaze-following which assumes that chimpanzees do not understand attention as an unobservable, internal mental state, and a high-level model which assumes that they do. In Expts 1 and 2, chimpanzees were first trained to respond to a cup to which an experimenter pointed, and then tested on probe trials to determine if they could respond correctly when the experimenter either oriented his or her whole head toward the correct cup, or just looked with the eyes. In Expt 1 these cues were static, whereas in Expt 2 the experimenter actively moved his or her head and/or eyes back-and-forth form the subjects' faces to the correct cup as they were attempting to make their choice. Expt 3 validated the logic of Expts 1 and 2 by demonstrating that 3-year-old human children responded in a manner predicted by the high-level model. The results of the experiments converged on supporting the predictions of the low-level model of juvenile chimpanzees' understanding of seeing.