Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the coronary blood supply: Changing concepts and current ideas

Earlier views of the development of the coronary vasculature included angiogenic budding and growth of arteries from the aortic sinuses and veins from the coronary sinus. The current concept begins with the establishment of the epicardium from the proepicardial organ, an outgrowth of the dorsal wall of the pericardial cavity. Capillaries form in a subepicardial mesenchymal population, extending as a plexus toward the truncus arteriosus and the atria. Multiple vessels grow from a peritruncal ring of capillaries, preferentially invading the newly formed aorta. In a process involving apoptotic changes of both the aortic wall and the invading capillaries, orifices open at the level of the aortic sinuses. Smooth muscle cells and pericytes, recruited from the surrounding mesenchyme, contribute to the vessel walls, and the definitive coronary artery pattern is established. Similar events are occurring on the venous side of the coronary circulation, following a slightly earlier time course. Multiple factors govern this process, including VEGF and FGF‐1 stimulating vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and the angiopoietins and their tyrosine kinase receptors modulating interactions between endothelial cells and the mural components. As remodeling of the capillary plexus and the coronary orifices progresses, TGFβ released by apoptotic cells or from other sources likely modulates VEGF and FGF‐1, and also contributes to further apoptotic changes. A better appreciation of the controls of the mechanisms of coronary vessel development may direct further research in the prevention of arteriosclerosis and ischemic tissue injuries. Anat Rec (New Anat) 269:198–208, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional Genomics of Eukaryotic Photosynthesis Using Insertional Mutagenesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii1

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a widely used model organism for studies of oxygenic photosynthesis in eukaryotes. Here we describe the development of a resource for functional genomics of photosynthesis using insertional mutagenesis of the Chlamydomonas nuclear genome. Chlamydomonas cells were transformed with either of two plasmids conferring zeocin resistance, and insertional mutants were selected in the dark on acetate-containing medium to recover light-sensitive and nonphotosynthetic mutants. The population of insertional mutants was subjected to a battery of primary and secondary phenotypic screens to identify photosynthesis-related mutants that were pigment deficient, light sensitive, nonphotosynthetic, or hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species. Approximately 9% of the insertional mutants exhibited 1 or more of these phenotypes. Molecular analysis showed that each mutant line contains an average of 1.4 insertions, and genetic analysis indicated that approximately 50% of the mutations are tagged by the transforming DNA. Flanking DNA was isolated from the mutants, and sequence data for the insertion sites in 50 mutants are presented and discussed.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION Erectile Dysfunction Among HIV Patients Undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Dyslipidemia as a Main Risk Factor

Objective. To assess the prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction (ED) in HIV patients from the HIV clinic of a tertiary referral center in Mexico City. Design. Prevalence was obtained from cross-sectional studies, and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), a standardized method, was used to assess ED. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in the HIV clinic. Participants completed the IIEF to allow ED assessment. Information on demographics, clinical and HIV-related variables was retrieved from their medical records. Results. One hundred and nine patients were included, with a mean age of 39.9 ± 8.8 years. ED was present in 65.1% of the individuals. Patients had been diagnosed with HIV for a mean of 92.7 ± 70.3 months and had undergone a mean 56.4 ± 45.5 months of HAART. The only variable associated with ED in the univariate analysis was dyslipidemia, and this association was also found in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.01). Conclusions. ED is highly prevalent in HIV patients. Dyslipidemia should be considered as a risk factor for ED in HIV patients. Romero-Velez G, Lisker-Cervantes A, Villeda-Sandoval CI, Sotomayor de Zavaleta M, Olvera- Posada D, Sierra-Madero JG, Arreguin-Camacho LO, and Castillejos-Molina RA. Erectile dysfunction among HIV patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy: Dyslipidemia as a main risk factor. Sex Med 2014;2:24-30.
Quantifying High Resolution Transitional Breaks in Plant and Mammal Distributions at Regional Extent and Their Association with Climate, Topography and Geology

Objectives We quantify spatial turnover in communities of 1939 plant and 59 mammal species at 2.5 km resolution across a topographically heterogeneous region in south-eastern Australia to identify distributional breaks and low turnover zones where multiple species distributions overlap. Environmental turnover is measured to determine how climate, topography and geology influence biotic turnover differently across a variety of biogeographic breaks and overlaps. We identify the genera driving turnover and confirm the versatility of this approach across spatial scales and locations. Methods Directional moving window analyses, rotated through 360°, were used to measure spatial turnover variation in different directions between gridded cells containing georeferenced plant and mammal occurrences and environmental variables. Generalised linear models were used to compare taxic turnover results with equivalent analyses for geology, regolith weathering, elevation, slope, solar radiation, annual precipitation and annual mean temperature, both uniformly across the entire study area and by stratifying it into zones of high and low turnover. Identified breaks and transitions were compared to a conservation bioregionalisation framework widely used in Australia. Results/Significance Detailed delineations of plant and mammal turnover zones with gradational boundaries denoted subtle variation in species assemblages. Turnover patterns often diverged from bioregion boundaries, though plant turnover adhered most closely. A prominent break zone contained either comparable or greater numbers of unique genera than adjacent overlaps, but these were concentrated in a small subsection relatively under-protected by conservation reserves. The environmental correlates of biotic turnover varied for different turnover zones in different subsections of the study area. Topography and temperature showed much stronger relationships with plant turnover in a topographically complex overlap, relative to a lowland overlap where weathering was most predictive. This method can quantify transitional turnover patterns from small to broad extents, at different resolutions for any location, and complements broad-scale bioregionalisation schemes in conservation planning.
Turnover among DP personnel: a casual analysis

Four variables suggested by previous research were included in a proposed causal model of turnover among computer specialists. When tested using correlational analysis, three of the variables were significant inverse predictors of turnover. A fourth variable was also inversely related to turnover, but not significantly so. Path analysis supports the proposed causal model and suggest turnover indirectly through its influence on the other model variables.
Miniature Four-Way and Two-Way 24 GHz Wilkinson Power Dividers in 0.13 $\mu$m CMOS

This letter presents 24 GHz four-way and two-way miniature Wilkinson power dividers (PDs) in a standard CMOS technology. The chip area is significantly reduced using a lumped-element design, and the effective areas of four-way and two-way Wilkinson dividers are 0.33 times 0.33 mm2 and 0.12 times 0.29 mm2, respectively. The four-way Wilkinson divider results in an insertion loss <2.4 dB, an input/output return loss better 15.5 dB, and a port-to-port isolation >24.7 dB from 22 to 26 GHz. The two-way Wilkinson divider results in an insertion loss <1.4 dB, an input/output return loss better 8.9 dB, and a port-to-port isolation >14.8 dB from 22 to 26 GHz. To the author's knowledge, this is the first demonstration of 24 GHz four-way Wilkinson PD in a standard CMOS technology.
Causes, Features, and Outcomes of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in 69 Children from China

Background/Aims Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent cause of pediatric liver disease; however, the data on DILI are remarkably limited. Methods All 69 children hospitalized with DILI between January 2009 and December 2011 were retrospectively studied. Results A total of 37.7% of the children had medical histories of respiratory infection. The clinical injury patterns were as follows: hepatocellular 89.9%, cholestatic 2.9%, and mixed 7.2%. Liver biopsies from 55 children most frequently demonstrated chronic (47.3%) and acute (27.3%) hepatitis. Hypersensitivity features, namely, fever (31.9%), rash (21.7%), and eosinophilia (1.4%), were found. Twenty-four children (34.8%) developed chronic DILI. Antibiotics (26.1%) were the most common Western medicines (WMs) causing DILI, and the major implicated herbs were Ephedra sinica and Polygonum multiflorum. Compared with WM, the children whose injuries were caused by Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) showed a higher level of total bilirubin (1.4 mg/dL vs 16.6 mg/dL, p=0.004) and a longer prothrombin time (11.8 seconds vs 17.3 seconds, p=0.012), but they exhibited less chronic DILI (2/15 vs 18/39, p=0.031). Conclusions Most cases of DILI in children are caused by antibiotics or CHM used to treat respiratory infection and present with hepatocellular injury. Compared with WM, CHM is more likely to cause severe liver injury, but liver injury caused by CHM is curable.
Memory performance in adequately dialyzed patients with end-stage renal disease: Is there an association with coronary artery bypass grafting?

Although individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who receive maintenance dialysis often present with memory deficits, the nature of this impairment remains controversial. Thus, this study was aimed to better characterize memory functioning of dialyzed patients and to identify potential predictors of their memory performance. A total of 61 dialyzed patients with ESRD and 30 demographically matched normal controls (NC) were the participants for this study. Overall, individuals with ESRD obtained significantly lower memory scores than NCs. Moreover, the pattern of their performance was consistent with that of subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Additionally, our results indicate that age, years of education and premorbid intelligence, depression symptoms, and blood urea nitrogen, as well as a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), are significant predictors of memory performance of adequately dialyzed patients with ESRD. Importantly, when the presence of CABG was controlled, the memory performance of dialyzed patients did not significantly differ from that of NCs.
Controlling Greenhouse Gases: A Survey of Global Macroeconomic Studies - REVISED-

A conceptual framework which identifies the main determinants of the macroeconomic costs of abating greenhouse gases is developed. This is used to survey long-term quantitative studies of abatement, especially their modelling approaches and choices of key parameters. These studies suggest that each 20% abatement below business-as-usual emissions is likely to cost approximately 1% of gross world product. Copyright 1996 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Board of Trustees of the Bulletin of Economic Research
RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT FROM ORCHARD TERRACES IN SOUTHEASTERN CHINA

The severity of soil erosion is considered to vary according to the structure of the bench terrace and the ground cover conditions. Erosion losses were investigated in a field experiment based on 20 m × 5 m erosion plots on a 21 per cent slope in Southern China. Five plots were established for the present study. Rainfall, runoff and sediment yield from plots were recorded for 5 years (2001–2005) and which five different types of terraces on sloping red soil were compared. The results show that the planting of grass on the riser is the most important factor affecting runoff and sediment yield, the next most important factor was the construction of a bund built on the edge of the terrace. Although the terrace bed slope (slope < 5 degrees) does not significantly affect the runoff, it does benefit the soil. A terrace combined with vegetation measures is effective in controlling runoff and soil erosion. Among various terraces, the level terrace (i.e. grass planted on the riser and bunds built on the edge of a bench terrace) is apparently the most beneficial for soil conservation purposes, indicating that this type is an excellent choice for conserving soil and water resources in sloping red soil in Southeastern China. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective Pain Scale and the Need for Analgesia during Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Objective: To investigate patients’ opinions on the degree of pain during shock wave lithotripsy, and the need for analgesics in patients with urinary stone. Methods: A prospective questionnaire study involving subjective pain assessment during and just after shock wave lithotripsy was performed in consecutive patients with uncomplicated renal or ureteral stones. The patients were given unbiased information on the analgesics prior to the procedure. Ten minutes after beginning shock wave lithotripsy, the degree of pain was rated by the patient using a 10-point visual analog scale. After the procedure, the patients were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Based on the response for the questionnaire, the patients were divided as ‘tolerable’ or ‘non-tolerable’ group. Results: The results from 180 patients (males 113, females 67) with a mean age of 50.0 ± 13.0 were analyzed. The average subjective pain score was 6.6 ± 2.3 during the procedure, and 70 (38.9%) patients responded that they were able to tolerate the pain without analgesics. A total of 116 (64.4%) patients did not agree that analgesic should be recommended to other patients. Subjective pain score during the procedures was not affected by laterality, size of stone, level of education or socioeconomic status, but was affected by patient age (p = 0.042), sex (p = 0.012) and location of stone (p = 0.014). Right and kidney stones were significantly higher in the ‘non-tolerable’ group than in the ‘tolerable’ group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.011, respectively), and the ‘non-tolerable’ patient group had a significant higher pain score than the ‘tolerable’ group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our result shows that subjective pain severity during shock wave lithotripsy is high but may be well tolerated in some patients. Our findings raise the question as to whether routine analgesics are required during newer generation shock wave lithotripsy procedures in all patients with a urinary stone.
Effect of different levels of protein concentrates supplementation on the growth performance, plasma amino acids profile and mTOR cascade genes expression in early-weaned yak calves

Objective This study evaluated the effects of different levels of protein concentrate supplementation on the growth performance of yak calves, and correlated the growth rate to changes occurring in the plasma- amino acids, -insulin profile, and signaling activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade to characterize the mechanism through which the protein synthesis can be improved in early weaned yaks. Methods For this study, 48 early (3 months old) weaned yak calves were selected, and assigned into four dietary treatments according to randomized complete block design. The four blocks were balanced for body weight and sex. The yaks were either grazed on natural pasture (control diet) in a single herd or the grazing yaks was supplemented with one of the three protein rich supplements containing low (17%; LP), medium (19%; MP), or high (21%; HP) levels of crude proteins for a period of 30 days. Results Results showed that the average daily gain of calves increased (0.14 vs 0.23–0.26 kg; p<0.05) with protein concentrates supplementation. The concentration of plasma methionine increased (p<0.05; 8.6 vs 10.1–12.4 μmol/L), while those of serine and tyrosine did not change (p>0.05) when the grazing calves were supplemented with protein concentrates. Compared to control diet, the insulin level of calves increased (p<0.05; 1.86 vs 2.16–2.54 μIU/mL) with supplementation of protein concentrates. Addition of protein concentrates up-regulated (p<0.05) expression of mTOR-raptor, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, the translational regulators eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and S6 kinase 1 genes in both Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. In contrast, the expression of sequestosome 1 was down-regulated in the concentrate supplemented calves. Conclusion Our results show that protein supplementation improves the growth performance of early weaned yak calves, and that plasma methionine and insulin concentrations were the key mediator for gene expression and protein deposition in the muscles.
Climate change in the western Antarctic Peninsula since 1945: observations and possible causes

Temperature records from slations on the west roast of the Antarctic Peninsula show a very high level of interannual variability and, over the last 50 years, larger warming trends than are seen elsewhere in Antarctica. in this paper we investigate the role of atmospheric circulation variability and sea-ice extent variations in driving these changes. Owing to a lack of independent data, the reliability of Antarctic atmospheric analyses produced in the 1950s and 1960s cannot be readily established, but examination of the available data suggests that there has been an increase in the northerly component of the circulation over the Peninsula since the late 1950s. Few observations of sea-ice extent are available prior to 1973, but the limited data available indicate that the ice edge to the west of the Peninsula lay to the north of recently observed extremes during the very cold conditions prevailing in the late 1950s. The ultimate cause of the atmospheric-circulation changes remains to be determined and may lie outside the Antarctic region.
A bijection for essentially 4-connected toroidal triangulations

Transversal structures (also known as regular edge labelings) are combinatorial structures defined over 4-connected plane triangulations with quadrangular outer-face. They have been intensively studied and used for many applications (drawing algorithm, random generation, enumeration, .). In this paper we introduce and study a generalization of these objects for the toroidal case. Contrary to what happens in the plane, the set of toroidal transversal structures of a given toroidal triangulation is partitioned into several distributive lattices. We exhibit a subset of toroidal transversal structures, called balanced, and show that it forms a single distributive lattice. Then, using the minimal element of the lattice, we are able to enumerate bijectively essentially 4-connected toroidal triangulations.
Petroleum basin studies

This book reviews the tectonic setting, basin development and history of exploration of a number of selected petroleum provinces located in a variety of settings in the Middle East, North Sea, Nigeria, the Rocky Mountains, Gabon and China. This book illustrates how ideas and models developed in one area may be applied to other regions. Regional reviews and the reassessment of petroleum provinces are presented.
Brain Activation during Input from Mechanoinsensitive versus Polymodal C-Nociceptors

C-nociceptors mediating cutaneous pain in humans can be distinguished in mechano-heat-responsive units (CMH) and mechano-insensitive units (CMi). However, if sensitized in damaged tissue, CMi play an important role in inflammatory pain. CMi differ from CMH by higher electrical thresholds and by mediating the axon reflex. Using these properties, we established two stimulation paradigms: (1) transcutaneous stimulation (TCS) of low current density below the CMi threshold and (2) intracutaneous stimulation (ICS) of high current density that excites CMi. This was proven by the quantification of the axon-reflex flare. Applying these stimulation paradigms during functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether nociceptor stimulation that recruits CMi leads to different cerebral activation than stimuli that do not recruit CMi. Brain activation by CMi was inferred by subtraction. Both stimuli recruited multiple afferents other than CMi, and we expected a common network of regions involved in different aspects of pain perception and motor nocifensive reactions in both stimuli. ICS that additionally recruited CMi should activate regions with low acuity that are involved in pain memory and emotional attribution. Besides a common network of pain in both stimuli, TCS activated the supplementary motor area, motor thalamic nuclei, the ipsilateral insula, and the medial cingulate cortex. These regions contribute to a pain processing loop that coordinates the nocifensive motor reaction. CMi nociceptor activation did not cause relevant activation in this loop and does not seem to play a role in withdrawal. The posterior cingulate cortex was selectively activated by ICS and is apparently important for the processing of inflammatory pain.
Shaping Agility through Digital Options: Reconceptualizing the Role of Information Technology in Contemporary Firms

Agility is vital to the innovation and competitive performance of firms in contemporary business environments. Firms are increasingly relying on information technologies, including process, knowledge, and communication technologies, to enhance their agility. The purpose of this paper is to broaden understanding about the strategic role of IT by examining the nomological network of influences through which IT impacts firm performance. By drawing upon recent thinking in the strategy, entrepreneurship, and IT management literatures, this paper uses a multitheoretic lens to argue that information technology investments and capabilities influence firm performance through three significant organizational capabilities (agility, digital options, and entrepreneurial alertness) and strategic processes (capability-building, entrepreneurial action, and coevolutionary adaptation). We also propose that these dynamic capabilities and strategic processes impact the ability of firms to launch many and varied competitive actions and that, in turn, these competitive actions are a significant antecedent of firm performance. Through our theorizing, we draw attention to a significant and reframed role of IT as a digital options generator in contemporary firms.