Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategy , Core Competence and HR Involvement as Determinants of HR Effectiveness and Refinery Performance

This study examined the impact strategy, core competence, and involvement of HR executives in strategic decision making on the refinery managers' evaluation of the effectiveness of HR and refinery performance among 86 U.S. petro-chemical refineries. Survey results indicated that higher involvement of HR in organizational strategy was strongly related to perceptions of HR effectiveness, and that the relationship was strongest to the extent that refineries pursued a product innovation strategy and viewed skilled employees as their core competence. HR involvement was unrelated to refinery performance, but was actually negatively related to the extent that refineries emphasized efficient production as their core competence.
Parallel Distributed Processing at 25: Further Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition

This paper introduces a special issue of Cognitive Science initiated on the 25th anniversary of the publication of Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP), a two-volume work that introduced the use of neural network models as vehicles for understanding cognition. The collection surveys the core commitments of the PDP framework, the key issues the framework has addressed, and the debates the framework has spawned, and presents viewpoints on the current status of these issues. The articles focus on both historical roots and contemporary developments in learning, optimality theory, perception, memory, language, conceptual knowledge, cognitive control, and consciousness. Here we consider the approach more generally, reviewing the original motivations, the resulting framework, and the central tenets of the underlying theory. We then evaluate the impact of PDP both on the field at large and within specific subdomains of cognitive science and consider the current role of PDP models within the broader landscape of contemporary theoretical frameworks in cognitive science. Looking to the future, we consider the implications for cognitive science of the recent success of machine learning systems called "deep networks"-systems that build on key ideas presented in the PDP volumes.
Cloning and Characterization of Dxs6673e, a Candidate Gene for X-linked Mental Retardation in Xq13.1

In several families with non-specific X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) linkage analyses have assigned the underlying gene defect to the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome, but none of these genes have been isolated so far. Here, we report on the cloning and characterization of a novel gene, DXS6673E, that maps to Xq13.1, is subject to X-inactivation and is disrupted in the 5′ untranslated region by a balanced X;13 translocation in a mentally retarded female. The DXS6673E gene is highly conserved among vertebrates and its expression is most abundant in brain. It encodes a hydrophilic protein of 1358 amino acids (aa) that does not show sequence homology to other known proteins. A segment of this protein consisting of neutral and hydrophobic aa with a proline residue in every second position may represent a transmembrane domain. Almost complete sequence identity was found between the 3′ end of the DXS6673E gene and two expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and between the 5′ end of the DXS6673E gene and a third EST. Moreover, weaker sequence similarity was observed between coding regions and two other ESTs.
Inside-Out and Outside-In: Exploring Differences—Response to Discussants

The author is grateful for the thoughtful discussions by four wonderful thinkers and writers, Ken Corbett, Frank M. Lachmann, Joye Weisel-Barth and Michael Pariser. Each offers a different lens through which to consider this analytic process that is so embedded in the psychology of immigration. The complexity of immigration and its psychological sequelae are considered anew as the author re-emphasizes the importance of considering the phenomenon from the inside out rather than the outside in. Issues of shame, loss and mourning assume centre stage as they must in order to begin to process the associated trauma involved.
Evidence of New Risk Genetic Factor to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The UBASH3A Gene

The ubiquitin associated and Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain containing A (UBASH3a) is a suppressor of T-cell receptor signaling, underscoring antigen presentation to T-cells as a critical shared mechanism of diseases pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the UBASH3a gene influence the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Caucasian populations. We evaluated five UBASH3a polymorphisms (rs2277798, rs2277800, rs9976767, rs13048049 and rs17114930), using TaqMan® allelic discrimination assays, in a discovery cohort that included 906 SLE patients and 1165 healthy controls from Spain. The SNPs that exhibit statistical significance difference were evaluated in a German replication cohort of 360 SLE patients and 379 healthy controls. The case-control analysis in the Spanish population showed a significant association between the rs9976767 and SLE (Pc = 9.9E-03 OR = 1.21 95%CI = 1.07–1.37) and a trend of association for the rs2277798 analysis (P = 0.09 OR = 0.9 95%CI = 0.79–1.02). The replication in a German cohort and the meta-analysis confirmed that the rs9976767 (Pc = 0.02; Pc = 2.4E-04, for German cohort and meta-analysis, respectively) and rs2277798 (Pc = 0.013; Pc = 4.7E-03, for German cohort and meta-analysis, respectively) UBASH3a variants are susceptibility factors for SLE. Finally, a conditional regression analysis suggested that the most likely genetic variation responsible for the association was the rs9976767 polymorphism. Our results suggest that UBASH3a gene plays a role in the susceptibility to SLE. Moreover, our study indicates that UBASH3a can be considered as a common genetic factor in autoimmune diseases.
Leadership, Cohesion, Morale, and the Mental Health of UK Armed Forces in Afghanistan

Abstract UK Armed Forces (AF) personnel deployed to Afghanistan are frequently exposed to intense combat and yet little is known about the short-term mental health consequences of this exposure and the potential mitigating effects of military factors such as cohesion, morale, and leadership. To assess the possible modulating influence of cohesion, morale, and leadership on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and common mental disorders resulting from combat exposure among UK AF personnel deployed to Afghanistan, UK AF personnel, during their deployment to Afghanistan in 2010, completed a self-report survey about aspects of their current deployment, including perceived levels of cohesion, morale, leadership, combat exposure, and their mental health status. Outcomes were symptoms of common mental disorder and symptoms of PTSD. Combat exposure was associated with both PTSD symptoms and symptoms of common mental disorder. Of the 1,431 participants, 17.1% reported caseness levels of common mental disorder, and 2.7% were classified as probable PTSD cases. Greater self-reported levels of unit cohesion, morale, and perceived good leadership were all associated with lower levels of common mental disorder and PTSD. Greater levels of unit cohesion, morale, and good leadership may help to modulate the effects of combat exposure and the subsequent development of mental health problems among UK Armed Forces personnel deployed to Afghanistan,
Task-based research and language pedagogy

Two very different theoretical accounts of task-based language use and learning are critiqued and their relevance for language pedagogy discussed. One account, which will be referred to as the psycholinguistic perspective, draws on a computational model of second language (L2) acquisition (Lantolf, 1996). According to this perspective, tasks are viewed as devices that provide learners with the data they need for learning; the design of a task is seen as potentially determining the kind of language use and opportunities for learning that arise.Three different psycholinguistic models are discussed: Long’s Interaction Hypothesis, Skehan’s ‘cognitive approach’ and Yule’s framework of communicative efficiency. The second theoretical account of tasks is that provided by socio-cultural theory. This is premised on the claim that participants co-construct the ‘activity’ they engage in when performing a task, in accordance with their own socio-history and locally determined goals, and that, therefore, it is difficult to make reliable predictions regarding the kinds of language use and opportunities for learning that will arise. Socio-cultural theory emphasizes the dialogic processes (such as ‘scaffolding’) that arise in a task performance and how these shape language use and learning. Both theoretical approaches afford insights that are of value to task-based language pedagogy. The psycholinguistic approach provides information that is of importance for planning task-based teaching and learning. The socio-cultural approach illuminates the kinds of improvisation that teachers and learners need to engage in during task-based activity to promote communicative efficiency and L2 acquisition.
Applications of monoclonal anti‐human inhibin a subunit in endometrial curettings

Aims: Using archival material, we studied the immunoreactivity and utility of monoclonal anti‐human inhibin α subunit in the identification of chorionic villi (CV) and trophoblastic subpopulations in endometrial curettings (EC) from patients who had intra‐uterine, ectopic, molar and, particularly, probable intra‐uterine pregnancies. We also compared its expression with those of &bgr;HCG, HPL and CAM 5.2. Methods: The four groups of EC investigated included: Group 1, 15 patients with intra‐uterine pregnancies (IUP); Group 2, 15 patients with tubal pregnancies (TP); Group 3, 15 patients with hydatidiform moles (HM); and Group 4, 20 patients with purported history of intra‐uterine pregnancies (PIUP). Positive and negative control cases were from Groups 1 and 3 and Group 2, respectively. The test cases were from Group 4. Immunohistochemistry was performed on each case testing for expression of inhibin α, &bgr;HCG, HPL and CAM 5.2. Results: Trophoblastic populations, which included syncytiotrophoblast (ST), cytotrophoblast (CT) and intermediate trophoblast (IT), were absent in all 15 negative control cases (Group 2). The 30 positive control cases (Groups 1 and 3) revealed the following: (a) ST, CT and IT were identified in all cases and were positive for CAM 5.2, (b) inhibin α, &bgr;HCG and HPL (except one case) were reactive for all cases with ST, but not CT, and (c) IT positivity for &bgr;HCG, HPL and inhibin α was 67, 80‐93 and 100%, respectively. From the 20 test cases (Group 4), the findings were: (a) CT was absent in all cases, (b) scattered ST cells, which were identified only in 10 cases, were positive for all antibodies, (c) scattered IT cells were present in 17 cases and showed 100% CAM 5.2 positivity, and (d) IT positivity for &bgr;HCG, inhibin α and HPL was 58.8% (10/17), 76.5% (13/17) and 82.4% (14/17), respectively. Background staining was observed in 22 of 65 cases (33.8%) stained with &bgr;HCG and HPL; half of these cases came from Group 3. Inhibin α and CAM 5.2 staining did not show this problem. Conclusions: We suggest that inhibin α is a useful antibody in diagnosing IUP and HM and in documenting intra‐uterine gestations in cases with PIUP because it is a sensitive marker in immunolabelling IT and ST. Combined application of inhibin α and CAM 5.2 might be more useful than &bgr;HCG and HPL because the latter showed background staining in one third of the cases.
Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) Based Fiber Optic Sensors: A Review

In the past few decades, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon along with optical fiber technology has emerged as a major area of research among the fiber optic sensing research groups. On the other hand, lossy mode resonance (LMR) is another kind of resonance phenomenon recently exploited for fiber optic sensing. LMR has several advantages over the well established SPR such as, free from specific polarization of light and capability of multiple LMR generation. Since LMR phenomenon is nascent for researchers and there are no review articles available till date, in this paper, we review the LMR phenomenon in applications involving sensing and wavelength filtering.
Educational Multimedia And Teachers’ Needs For New Competencies: A Study Of Compulsory School Teachers’ Needs For Competence To Use Educational Multimedia

This paper is a step on the way to establish a multimedia didactics for compulsory school. In the paper I review findings from the European PEDACTICE project that deals with these issues. It focuses on describing central teachers' competence, relating to the use of educational multimedia in compulsory school. Les multimédia éducatifs et les besoins des maîtres pour les nouvelles compétences Une étude des besoins des maîtres de l'école obligatoire pour leur compétence à utiliser les multimédia éducatifs. Cet article est une étape en vue d'établir une didactique multimédia pour lécole obligatoire. Il analyse les résultats du PEDACTICE européens, projet qui traite de ces problèmes. Il met l'accent sur la description des compétences du maître principal dans l'utilisation des multimédia éducatifs dans l'école obligatoire. Multimedia Unterrichtsprogramme erfordern neue Kompetenzen von Lehrern: Eine Studie zu Kompetenzbedürfnissen von Lehrern zur Nutzung von Multimedia im Unterricht. Dieses Papier leistet einen Beitrag bei der Entwicklung einer Multimedia Didaktik für das allgemeine Schulwesen unter Verarbeitung von Ergebnissen des europäischen PEDACTICE-Projekts.
Intensity of Labor Pain and Cesarean Delivery

Some authors have suggested that the intensity of labor pain may be related to labor dystocia. We performed a secondary analysis of a previously published randomized investigation of the effects of epidural analgesia during labor compared with patient-controlled IV meperidine on cesarean delivery. Two-hundred-fifty-nine women who received patient-controlled IV meperidine were identified for analysis. All women were in spontaneous labor with a singleton, term gestation. Women requiring 50 mg or more of meperidine per hour during labor were compared with those who required <50 mg/h. In addition, their pain scores (visual analog scale) were compared before and after analgesia administration. Pain scores were significantly higher in women requiring 50 mg/h of meperidine (8.7 vs 8.0, P = 0.05), and their labors tended to be longer (9 vs 5 h, P = 0.09). More cesarean deliveries for obstructed labor were performed in women requiring >50 mg/h of meperidine (14% vs 1.4%, P = 0.001). Neonatal outcomes were similar in the two groups.
Evidence for DNA Synthesis in Pneumocystis carinii Trophozoites Treated with the β‐1,3‐Glucan Synthesis Inhibitor Pneumocandin L‐693,989

ABSTRACT. Pneumocandins inhibit β‐1,3‐glucan synthesis preventing the development of Pneumocystis cysts that are absent from the lungs of treated rats. To determine whether treated trophozoites are capable of DNA replication, cytochemical analyses were performed on 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI)‐ and DB181‐stained Pneumocystis carinii isolated from pneumocandin L‐693‐989‐treated rats. Fluorescence intensities of trophozoite nuclei from drug‐treated rats were greater than those of untreated controls, suggesting that DNA replication was not inhibited but that cytokinesis and perhaps karyokinesis were blocked.
The Disjunct Boundary in the Navajo and Tanaina Verb Prefix Complexes

0. The complexity of the Athapaskan languages is in the verb. The components of the mystery are remarkably uniform throughout the vast Athapaskan language area. Fifty or so prefixes, which perform a range of inflectional and derivational functions, appear in a rigid order in ten or so positions before the verb stem. An intricate tense modal system is marked by a set of prefixes and by suffixal alternations in the verb stem. To date, our knowledge of the inner workings of the Athapaskan verb is very uneven. Most of the data come from Navajo, which has received far more
Experimental Models of Status Epilepticus and Neuronal Injury for Evaluation of Therapeutic Interventions

This article describes current experimental models of status epilepticus (SE) and neuronal injury for use in the screening of new therapeutic agents. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. SE is an emergency condition associated with continuous seizures lasting more than 30 min. It causes significant mortality and morbidity. SE can cause devastating damage to the brain leading to cognitive impairment and increased risk of epilepsy. Benzodiazepines are the first-line drugs for the treatment of SE, however, many people exhibit partial or complete resistance due to a breakdown of GABA inhibition. Therefore, new drugs with neuroprotective effects against the SE-induced neuronal injury and degeneration are desirable. Animal models are used to study the pathophysiology of SE and for the discovery of newer anticonvulsants. In SE paradigms, seizures are induced in rodents by chemical agents or by electrical stimulation of brain structures. Electrical stimulation includes perforant path and self-sustaining stimulation models. Pharmacological models include kainic acid, pilocarpine, flurothyl, organophosphates and other convulsants that induce SE in rodents. Neuronal injury occurs within the initial SE episode, and animals exhibit cognitive dysfunction and spontaneous seizures several weeks after this precipitating event. Current SE models have potential applications but have some limitations. In general, the experimental SE model should be analogous to the human seizure state and it should share very similar neuropathological mechanisms. The pilocarpine and diisopropylfluorophosphate models are associated with prolonged, diazepam-insensitive seizures and neurodegeneration and therefore represent paradigms of refractory SE. Novel mechanism-based or clinically relevant models are essential to identify new therapies for SE and neuroprotective interventions.
Adolescents and spiritualism: is this a good way to cope with fear? A qualitative approach

Two qualitative studies complement existing literature on coping and paranormal belief, by analysing the link between paranormal experiences of spiritualism and coping. Thirty-six semi-directive interviews of young people aged between 12 and 18 (M = 15, SD = 1.3) and 13 non-directive “life story” interviews with young people aged between 16 and 25 (M = 21, SD = 2.6) were analysed. It appears that an experience of spiritualism can be an active coping mechanism to compensate for both a need to understand and feel reassured in the face of fear of death, and a need for contact and interaction following, amongst other things, a death. However, most of these stories revealed episodes of anxiety linked as much to the experience itself as to the difficulty of managing the emotions arising from it. This anxiety calls into question the relevance of paranormal experiences as a possible coping device.
SenseWeather: Based weather monitoring system for Kenya

Like many other developing countries of Africa, Kenya's rain-fed agriculture is the backbone of the economy. As such, the Country's economy and weather are so intertwined that a good season means healthy economy and famine, and death otherwise. The status of weather forecasting in Kenya is rather wanting partly because the data used is collected from very sparse network of professional weather stations. Procuring and maintaining these stations is a costly affair for the Country still struggling to meet basic needs for her population. Developments in sensor technology have resulted in affordable and sustainable weatherboards that can operate as mini-weather stations. Though not as good as professional weather stations, these boards can be used to complement the networks of weather stations, hence improving the accuracy of weather forecasts produced by the Kenya Meteorological Department. We present SenseWeather, a weather monitoring system that we developed using Agriculture Boards from Libelium. In this paper, we describe the design, sensor calibration and deployment of SenseWeather.
Review article: irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is a disease that can be diagnosed positively on the basis of an established series of criteria and limited exclusion of organic disease. It is the most common disease diagnosed by gastroenterologists and affects about 20% of all people at any one time. Symptoms fluctuate, and the overall prevalence rate is relatively constant in Western communities. Ten per cent of patients present to their physicians; the illness has a large economic impact on health‐care utilization and absenteeism. Irritable bowel syndrome is a biopsychosocial disorder in which three major mechanisms interact: psychosocial factors; altered motility; and/or sensory function of the intestine. Management of patients is based on positive diagnosis of the symptom complex, limited exclusion of underlying organic disease and institution of a therapeutic trial. If patient symptoms are intractable, further investigations are needed to exclude significant motility or other disorders. Symptomatic treatment includes fibre for constipation, loperamide for diarrhoea and low‐dose antidepressants or infrequent use of antispasmodics for pain; novel pharmacological agents, psychotherapy and hypnotherapy are being evaluated.
What Happens to Reforms That Last? The Case of the Junior High School

This case study of the origins and development of junior high schools offers an answer to the question: What happens to reforms that get institutionalized? The history of junior high schools reveals that their design as a fundamental change in American schooling was, over time, downsized and revised to become a modest addition to the high school. A latter-day effort to correct the flaws of junior highs through the middle school movement shows little change over the original design. This shrinking of aspirations and adaptation of the reform to the existing social architecture of schooling as it survives is the major finding of this study. Explanations for this phenomenon are found in institutional theories of organizations.
Binding of laminin to type IV collagen: a morphological study

A mixture of laminin and type IV collagen was analyzed by rotary shadowing using carbon/platinum and electron microscopy. Laminin was found to form distinct complexes with type IV collagen: one site of interaction is located 140 nm from the COOH-terminal, noncollagenous (NC1) domain and the other is located within the NH2-terminal region. The isolated NC1 fragment of type IV collagen does not appear to interact with laminin, while pepsin-treated type IV collagen, which lacks the NC1 domain, retains its ability to form complexes with laminin. Analysis of the laminin-type IV complexes indicates that laminin binds to type IV collagen via the globular regions of either of its four arms. This finding is supported by experiments using fragment P1 of laminin which lacks the globular regions and which does not bind to type IV collagen in a specific way. In addition, after heat- denaturation of laminin no specific binding is observed.
On the Reductive Borel-Serre Compactification, III: Mixed Hodge Structures

We establish a procedure for constructing compatible mixed Hodge structures for the cohomology of various topological compactifications of locally symmetric varieties, notably ones that are not algebraic varieties. This is carried out in full for the case of the reductive Borel-Serre compactification, and conditionally for the excentric compactifications. Introduction. In (BS), Borel and Serre gave a construction that compactified the arithmetic quotient X of a symmetric space (also certain more general locally homogeneous spaces) to a manifold-with-corners X. With its faces fibered by nilman- ifolds, it was both an easy and a useful little construction to collapse each fiber to a point, producing what is now called the reductive Borel-Serre compactification X red