Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecological cues, gestation length, and birth timing in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)

We examined annual variation in the timing of conception and parturition in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the synchrony of birth timing with resource cues, using 8 years of monthly birth, rainfall, and vegetation data, measured as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Monthly births had the strongest significant correlations with NDVI and rainfall levels 12 and 13 months in the past, respectively. In addition, the synchrony of current year births corresponds most strongly to the synchrony of the previous year's NDVI distribution. Because the gestation period of buffalo has been estimated to be around 11 months, these findings suggest that improved protein levels, occurring approximately a month after the first green flush of the wet season, are either a trigger for conception or conception has evolved to be synchronous with correlated environmental cues that ensure females enter a period of peak body condition around the time of conception and/or parturition. With a gestation period of approximately 340 days, parturition occurs to take advantage of the period when forage has its highest protein content. A comparative analysis of gestation periods within the subfamily Bovinae indicates that African buffalo have a protracted gestation for their body size, which we suggest is an adaptation to their seasonal environment. We also found that interannual variation in the birth distribution suggests a degree of plasticity in the date of conception, and variation in the number of calves born each year suggest further synchrony at a timescale longer than a single year. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Community Partnerships: Integrating Early Education with Childcare.

This study reports on research into a Local Authority initiative in York, in North Yorkshire which aimed to establish early education and childcare partnerships between its 51 primary schools and local early-years providers from the community-voluntary and private sectors in close geographical proximity to the schools. The initiative was named Shared Foundation Community Partnerships.
Filial Responsibility Among Mexican American College Students: A Pilot Investigation and Comparison

As the number of Mexican American elders increases, their care becomes pressing. We sampled filial responsibility expectations of Mexican American college students to expand culture specific knowledge and found physical proximity to elders an important expectation. However, although some respondents adhere closely to the traditional Mexican value of familism, others may be adopting more individualistic attitudes. Filial responsibility norms may be changing as the México and United States cultures interact at the Texas border.
Correlates of Peer Acceptance in a Chinese Sample of Six-Year-Olds

The relations between children's peer acceptance and social problem solving skills, school performance and family-ecological conditions in Chinese culture were examined. The participants included 61 kindergarten children in Shanghai, China. A sociometric rating scale and a measure of social problem solving skills were administered to each child to assess peer acceptance and social competence. Data concerning the child's school performance and family background were also collected. The results showed that, compared to a Canadian sample, the Chinese children were less accepting of each other, less prosocial, and more agonistic and authority-oriented in social problem solving. However, they used more relevant strategies in social problem solving. Nevertheless, the pattern of correlations between peer acceptance and both the quantitative features of social problem solving repertoires, such as the total number of alternatives suggested in solving social problems, and the qualitative features of social problem solving repertoires, such as the prosocial and agonistic strategies suggested, was in agreement with the results found in the Canadian sample. The study also showed that there existed meaningful relations between children's peer acceptance and school achievement and family factors, such as parent's occupational level and the quality of parental relationship.
Rhapsody-G simulations: galaxy clusters as baryonic closed boxes and the covariance between hot gas and galaxies

Within a sufficiently large cosmic volume, conservation of baryons implies a simple ‘closed box’ view in which the sum of the baryonic components must equal a constant fraction of the total enclosed mass. We present evidence from RHAPSODY-G hydrodynamic simulations of massive galaxy clusters that the closed-box expectation may hold to a surprising degree within the interior, non-linear regions of haloes. At a fixed halo mass, we find a significant anti-correlation between hot gas mass fraction and galaxy mass fraction (cold gas + stars), with a rank correlation coefficient of −0.69 within R_(500c). Because of this anti-correlation, the total baryon mass serves as a low-scatter proxy for total cluster mass. The fractional scatter of total baryon fraction scales approximately as 0.02(Δ_c/100)^(0.6), while the scatter of either gas mass or stellar mass is larger in magnitude and declines more slowly with increasing radius. We discuss potential observational tests using cluster samples selected by optical and hot gas properties; the simulations suggest that joint selection on stellar and hot gas has potential to achieve 5 per cent scatter in total halo mass.
Light curve solutions for bright detached eclipsing binaries in SMC: absolute dimensions and distance indicators

This paper presents a careful and detailed light curve analysis of bright detached eclipsing binaries (DEB) in the Small Magellanic Cloud, discovered by OGLE collaboration, on the basis of recently available diﬀerence image analysis (DIA) photometry. The 19 binaries brighter than 16.4 mag in I band and with the depth of primary and secondary eclipse greater than 0.25 mag were investigated. The solutions were obtained by a modiﬁed version of the Wilson-Devinney program. The quality of DIA light curves – a good phase coverage and relatively small scatter – is enough to calculate realistic estimates for the third light l 3 and the argument of periastron ω o . It was found that solutions of detached, eccentric systems with ﬂat light curve between eclipses usually may suﬀer from indetermination of l 3 in contrast to those of similar systems having some proximity eﬀects. The physical properties of the stars were estimated on the basis of their photometric elements and indices assuming the distance modulus to SMC ∼ 18 . 9 and consistency between an empirical mass-luminosity relation and the ﬂux scaling. The method was tested on three LMC stars of known absolute dimensions and a good agreement was found for m − M ∼ 18 . 5. Such an approach may give fast and accurate estimates of absolute dimensions for large and homogeneous samples of eclipsing binaries in the Magellanic Clouds and other close galaxies. Moreover, this method allows also for independent estimation of E ( B − V ) in the direction to a particular binary. The subset of six bright DEB’s worth future intensive investigations as likely distance indicators to SMC, was chosen. They are SC3 139376, SC4 53898, SC5 129441, SC6 67221, SC6 215965 and SC9 175336.
Psychological Profile of Athletes in Contact and Non-Contact Sports

3 Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare clinical patterns and clinical symptoms of personality between athletes in contact and non-contact sports. The variables were assessed with Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III manual and Eyesenck personality questionnaires. Subjects consisted of 200 male (18-30 years) who selected from 4groups of colleges teams (box, karate, swimming, gymnastic) in the West- Azerbaijan in Iran. Mannova test was used for statistical analysis. Results demonstrated that contact sport players had high scores in the histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, negativism and sadistic scales, but in schizoid scale acquired low scores in comparison of non-contact sport players and there were not significant differences among groups in personality factors. According to the results of this study results it can be concluded that, the groups are distinguished significantly in the majority of variables, indicating that contact athletes present differentiated psychological characteristics in comprise non- contact athletes.
The effect of critical speed and exercise intensity on stroke phase duration and bilateral asymmetry in 200-m front crawl swimming

Abstract The main aim of this study was to determine the absolute temporal relationship between the power and recovery phases of the stroke cycle in front crawl swimming in response to progressive changes in exercise intensity that occurred before and after critical speed. A second objective was to determine whether intensity-related changes in the power/recovery phase relationship affects the bilateral symmetry of the stroke. Stroke parameters were recorded for each 25-m length during a progressive 200-m interval training set, in which eight (2 males, 6 females) national-level swimmers swam at intensities below, above, and at critical speed. The results demonstrated that substantial increases in stroke rate (P < 0.01) occurred at critical speed, and that these increases were related to a greater decrease in the duration of the power phase than the recovery phase (P < 0.01). The results also show that the degree of bilateral asymmetry was greater for the power phase than the recovery phase, and was inversely related to intensity in both phases of the stroke cycle. The findings of this study suggest that critical speed-related increases in stroke rate are an indirect consequence of increased force production in the power phase of the stroke, and that bilateral asymmetry is both intensity- and stroke-phase dependent.
Characterization of epidermal growth factor receptor in normal and neoplastic human endometrium

Growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), have been implicated in the growth of several types of cancer. This study compares EGF receptors in normal and neoplastic endometrium. Membrane fractions were isolated from surgical specimens. Radioreceptor assays demonstrated the presence of receptors with a dissociation constant of 0.64 nmol/1 in normal endometrium. Affinity crosslinking revealed receptor molecular weight of 150 to 170 kiloDaltons (KD). A survey of samples (n = 37) revealed progressive decrease of EGF receptors in cancers of increasing grade: Grade 1–2 adenocarcinoma decreased 34% from control (n = 6, P < 0.01), whereas Grade 3 adenocarcinoma decreased 90% (n = 7, P <0.01) and sarcoma decreased by 72% (n = 3, P < 0.01). The dissociation constant and molecular weight of the receptor in neoplastic endometrium did not differ significantly from normal. The inverse relationship with grade suggests receptor alteration or down regulation by hormones and/or growth factors.
Facilitadores e barreiras de retorno ao trabalho de trabalhadores acometidos por LER/DORT

Introduction: Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)/Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) frequently cause a great number of work leaves. Objective: understand and systematize the way the factors related to RSI-WMSDs affected workers’ returnto-work are described in literature as facilitating factors or barriers. Methods: a critical review of the literature from January 2005 to October 2010, available in Lilacs, Medline and SciELO databases. Information was systematized in three categories of factors that influenced return-to-work, as facilitating factors or barriers, of personal nature, of work organizational nature, and related to the characteristics of services, systems and polices. Results: from the 633 articles first analyzed, 21 met the inclusion criterion. The most relevant identified factors: personal nature – pain, psychosocial factors, work leave; organizational – employment changes, psychological work demand, organizational support, co-workers’ and bosses’ support; related to services, systems and polices – a back-to-work program, leave duration and support services. Conclusion: This study showed that return-to-work is a complex process, that it demands intersectorial polices technical cooperation and consonance of the involved actors towards the aimed targets.
Synchronised Expressions of LPXRFamide Peptide and its Receptor Genes: Seasonal, Diurnal and Circadian Changes During Spawning Period in Grass Puffer

Among the RFamide peptide family, the LPXRFamide peptide (LPXRFa) group regulates the release of various pituitary hormones and, recently, LPXRFa genes were found to be regulated by photoperiod via melatonin. As a first step towards investigating the role of LPXRFa on reproductive function in grass puffer (Takifugu niphobles), which spawns in semilunar cycles, genes encoding LPXRFa and its receptor (LPXRFa‐R) were cloned, and seasonal, diurnal and circadian changes in their absolute amounts of mRNAs in the brain and pituitary were examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The grass puffer LPXRFa precursor contains two putative RFamide peptides and one possible RYamide peptide. LPXRFa and LPXRFa‐R genes were extensively expressed in the diencephalon and pituitary. The expression levels of both genes were significantly elevated during the spawning periods in both sexes in the brain and pituitary, although they were low in the spawning fish just after releasing eggs and sperm. The treatment of primary pituitary cultures with goldfish LPXRFa increased the amounts of follicle‐stimulating hormone β‐ and luteinising hormone β‐subunit mRNAs. In the diencephalon, LPXRFa and LPXRFa‐R genes showed synchronised diurnal and circadian variations with one peak at zeitgeber time 3 and circadian time 15, respectively. The correlated expression patterns of LPXRFa and LPXRFa‐R genes in the diencephalon and pituitary and the possible stimulatory effects of LPXRFa on gonadotrophin subunit gene expression suggest the functional significance of the LPXRFa and LPXRFa‐R system in the regulation of lunar‐synchronised spawning of grass puffer.
Dynamical systems modeling of the child-mother dyad: Causality between child-directed language complexity and language development

We model the causal links between child language (CL) and child-directed language (CDL). We take pairs of sequences of linguistic measurements from a longitudinal study. Each childmother pair of sequences is considered as an instance of the trajectory of a high-dimensional dynamical system. We then use Multispatial Convergent Cross Mapping to ascertain the directions of causality between the pairs of sequences, that is, whether the complexity of CL drives that of CDL, the complexity of CDL drives that of CL, both, or neither. We find that children are responsive to the amount of speech and the diversity of words produced by their mothers, but not vice-versa. However, the syntactic diversities of the children’s utterances drive the syntactic diversity of the mothers’ utterances. This is evidence for fine-grained fine-tuning of CDL in response only to the syntax of CL.
Job Behavioral Factors and Turnover Intention: A Case Study at Sime Darby Property Limited

Some job behavioral factors are utilized to examine their relationship with turnover intention among 201 employees in Sime Darby Property (Malaysia) Limited. Job satisfaction, job stress, organizational commitment, job enrichment and person-organization fit are the job behavioral factors selected for the study. The variables used in the study justify the reliability scores consistent with indicators in previous studies. Research methodology justifies the quantitative requirements of simple random sampling, social desirability bias and response error. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was used to verify five hypothesis developed in the study. Prior to establishing the hypothesis testing results some MRA assumptions were considered showed in linearity, normality, collinearity test and Durbin-Watson index. The result support previous studies when job satisfaction is high turnover intention among the employees become lower, and when job stress is high the tendency for employees to leave the organization also high.
THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF MASS-SELECTED GALAXIES IN THE COSMOS FIELD

We explore the redshift evolution of the specific star formation rate (SSFR) for galaxies of different stellar mass by drawing on a deep 3.6 μm selected sample of >105 galaxies in the 2 deg2 COSMOS field. The average star formation rate (SFR) for subsets of these galaxies is estimated with stacked 1.4 GHz radio continuum emission. We separately consider the total sample and a subset of galaxies that shows evidence for substantive recent star formation in the rest-frame optical spectral energy distributions. At redshifts 0.2 < z < 3 both populations show a strong and mass-independent decrease in their SSFR toward the present epoch. It is best described by a power law (1 + z)n, where n ∼ 4.3 for all galaxies and n ∼ 3.5 for star-forming (SF) sources. The decrease appears to have started at z>2, at least for high-mass (M* ≳ 4 × 1010 M☉) systems where our conclusions are most robust. Our data show that there is a tight correlation with power-law dependence, SSFR ∝ M*β, between SSFR and stellar mass at all epochs. The relation tends to flatten below M* ≈ 1010 M☉ if quiescent galaxies are included; if they are excluded from the analysis a shallow index βSFG ≈ −0.4 fits the correlation. On average, higher mass objects always have lower SSFRs, also among SF galaxies. At z>1.5 there is tentative evidence for an upper threshold in SSFR that an average galaxy cannot exceed, possibly due to gravitationally limited molecular gas accretion. It is suggested by a flattening of the SSFR–M* relation (also for SF sources), but affects massive (>1010 M☉) galaxies only at the highest redshifts. Since z = 1.5 there thus is no direct evidence that galaxies of higher mass experience a more rapid waning of their SSFR than lower mass SF systems. In this sense, the data rule out any strong “downsizing” in the SSFR. We combine our results with recent measurements of the galaxy (stellar) mass function in order to determine the characteristic mass of an SF galaxy: we find that since z ∼ 3 the majority of all new stars were always formed in galaxies of M* = 1010.6±0.4 M☉. In this sense, too, there is no “downsizing. ” Finally, our analysis constitutes the most extensive SFR density determination with a single technique out to z = 3. Recent Herschel results are consistent with our results, but rely on far smaller samples.
Push, Pull, or Both?: A Behavioral Study of Inventory Risk on Channel Efficiency

In this paper we experimentally investigate how the allocation of inventory risk in a two-stage supply chain affects channel efficiency. We first evaluate two common wholesale price contracts that differ in which party incurs the risk associated with unsold inventory; a push contract in which the retailer incurs the risk, and a pull contract in which the supplier incurs the risk. Our experimental results show that a pull contract achieves higher channel efficiency than that of a push contract, and that behavior systematically deviates from the standard theory. Therefore, we extend the existing theory to incorporate a number of behavioral regularities and structurally estimate its parameters. The estimates suggest that a combination of errors with loss aversion organizes our data remarkably well. Following this we explore a third contract, the advanced purchase discount (APD) contract, which combines certain features of push and pull by allowing both parties to share the inventory risk. We apply our behavioral model to the APD contract in a separate experiment as an out-of-sample test and find that it accurately predicts channel efficiency and qualitatively matches decisions. Lastly, from a managerial perspective, we observe that the APD contract weakly Pareto dominates the push contract; retailers are better off and suppliers are no worse off under the APD contract.
The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on recovery from mild traumatic brain injury.

OBJECT Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are significant independent public health concerns in the pediatric population. This study explores the impact of a premorbid diagnosis of ADHD on outcome following mild TBI. METHODS The charts of all patients with a diagnosis of mild closed head injury (CHI) and ADHD who were admitted to Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between January 2003 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed after institutional review board approval was granted. Patient demographics, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, hospital course, and King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) score were recorded. The results were compared with a sample of age-matched controls admitted with a diagnosis of CHI without ADHD. RESULTS Forty-eight patients with mild CHI and ADHD, and 45 patients with mild CHI without ADHD were included in the statistical analysis. Mild TBI due to CHI was defined as an initial GCS score of 13-15. The ADHD group had a mean age of 12.2 years (range 6-17 years), and the control group had a mean age of 11.14 years (range 5-16 years). For patients with mild TBI who had ADHD, 25% were moderately disabled (KOSCHI Score 4b), and 56% had completely recovered (KOSCHI Score 5b) at follow-up. For patients with mild TBI without ADHD, 2% were moderately disabled and 84% had completely recovered at follow-up (p < 0.01). Patients with ADHD were statistically significantly more disabled after mild TBI than were control patients without ADHD, even when controlling for age, sex, initial GCS score, hospital length of stay, length of follow-up, mechanism of injury, and presence of other (extracranial) injury. CONCLUSIONS Patients who sustain mild TBIs in the setting of a premorbid diagnosis of ADHD are more likely to be moderately disabled by the injury than are patients without ADHD.
ON DIFFERENCE SETS OF SEQUENCES OF INTEGERS . III

where the maximum is taken for those sets ul< u~-K. , which form an &‘-set relative to the set 12, 22, . , n2, . see [ll]. ) In the case of the arithmetic progressions of three terms, we may use the following simple fact: (i) A set afqrr,, afqu,, “,. , afqu, (where a is an integer and t, q, ul, u2, . . . , u, are positive integers) does not contain an arithmetic progression of three terms if and only if also the set u,, u,, . , U, has this property.
Aspectual distinctions in Spanish as a foreign language: The early stages of oral production

This study investigated the early stages of development in the use of preterit and imperfect forms in the oral production of 15 first-year learners of Spanish as a foreign language. The data was analyzed according to the semantic categorization of verbs typically used in studies designed to test the aspect hypothesis. Each participant produced five oral monologues whose topics were chosen to elicit a variety of personal and impersonal narratives dealing with recent and habitual past events. The results generally support the claims of the aspect hypothesis regarding the gradual spread of perfective and imperfective forms according to the semantic category of the verbs involved. The type of narrative elicited appears to be an important factor in the frequency and accuracy of use of preterit and imperfect forms by the learners.