Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do lean and non-lean female collegiate athletes view the eating disorder education they receive from their coaches?

Extant research indicates that collegiate coaches often lack the knowledge or confidence required to provide their student–athletes with effective educational experiences related to eating disorders. The current study investigates the prevalence and quality of such experiences from the perspective of lean and non-lean female student–athletes at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III institution. Participants were asked closed- and open-ended questions in an anonymous online survey. Lean and non-lean participants reported similar rates of education despite differential risk for eating disorders. Approximately 70% of student–athletes expressed a desire for a more comprehensive and long-term program of study. Participants’ confidence in identifying an eating disorder in a peer did not differ based on type of sport or education status, but those who were educated identified more appropriate potential symptoms than did those who were uneducated. This indicates some degree of educational effectiveness. However, education status and type of sport had no bearing on the likelihood of a participant speaking with their coach about their own or a peer’s potential disorder. Educational attempts were therefore insufficient to help student–athletes overcome the shame and consequential secrecy associated with eating disorders. Our results underscore the need for effective education for at-risk student–athletes while also clarifying that both lean and non-lean student–athletes often want to receive more comprehensive education about eating disorders. Current findings highlight specific areas of student–athlete interest about the topic and could be used to help coaches revise their educational efforts to enhance engagement and long-term retention of information.
Greedy Deconvolution of Point-like Objects

—The orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is an algo-rithm to solve sparse approximation problems. In [1] a sufﬁcient condition for exact recovery is derived, in [2] the authors transfer it to noisy signals. We will use OMP for reconstruction of an inverse problem, namely the deconvolution problem. In sparse approximation problems one often has to deal with the problem of redundancy of a dictionary, i.e. the atoms are not linearly independent. However, one expects them to be approximatively orthogonal and this is quantiﬁed by incoherence. This idea cannot be transfered to ill-posed inverse problems since here the atoms are typically far from orthogonal: The ill-posedness of the (typically compact) operator causes that the correlation of two distinct atoms probably gets huge, i.e. that two atoms can look much alike. Therefore in [3], [4] the authors derive a recovery condition which uses the kind of structure one assumes on the signal and works without the concept of coherence.Inthispaper we will transfer these results to noisy signals. For our source we assume that it consists of a superposition of point-like objects with an a-priori known distance. We will apply it exemplarily to Dirac peaks convolved with Gaussian kernel as used in mass spectrometry.
Scenario-based timing verification of multiprocessor embedded applications

This work presents a static timing-analysis method for verification of scenario-based real-time properties, on graphical task-level models of embedded applications. Scenario-based properties specify timing constraints which must be honored for specific control-flow behaviors and task execution orderings. Static checking of scenario-based properties currently requires computationally expensive model checking methods. Hence the proposed graph-based static timing-analysis algorithm improves upon the state-of-the-art. This is manifested in a significant performance advantage over timed model checking (up to 1000X in several cases), which suffers from state space explosion. The proposed algorithm also employs compositional reasoning and abstraction refinement for handling large problems. We also illustrate methods for using scenario-based timing analysis, which can act as alternatives to traditional timed model checking for verification of timed systems like FDDI and Fischer protocols. We implement this timing verification algorithm as a tool called SymTime and present experimental results for SymTime comparing it with SPIN, UPPAAL, and a TCTL model checker for Time Petri Nets, called Romeo.
The spermatogenic process of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus under a histomorphometric view

Among all bat species, Desmodus rotundus stands out as one of the most intriguing due to its exclusively haematophagous feeding habits. However, little is known about their spermatogenic cycle. This study aimed at describing the spermatogenic process of common vampire bats through testicular histomorphometric characterization of adult specimens, spermatogenic production indexes, description of stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and estimative of the spermatogenic process duration. Morphometrical and immunohistochemical analyzes for bromodeoxiuridine were conducted under light microscopy and ultrastructural analyzes were performed under transmission electron microscopy. Vampire bats showed higher investment in gonadal tissue (gonadosomatic index of 0.54%) and in seminiferous tubules (tubulesomatic index of 0.49%) when compared to larger mammals. They also showed a high tubular length per gram of testis (34.70 m). Approximately half of the intertubular compartment was found to be comprised by Leydig cells (51.20%), and an average of 23.77x106 of these cells was found per gram of testis. The germline cells showed 16.93% of mitotic index and 2.51% of meiotic index. The overall yield of spermatogenesis was 60% and the testicular spermatic reserve was 71.44x107 spermatozoa per gram of testis. With a total spermatogenesis duration estimated at 37.02 days, vampire bats showed a daily sperm production of 86.80x106 gametes per gram of testis. These findings demonstrate a high sperm production, which is commonly observed in species with promiscuous mating system.
Myotubularin Lipid Phosphatase Binds the hVPS15/hVPS34 Lipid Kinase Complex on Endosomes

Myotubularins constitute a ubiquitous family of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3‐phosphatases implicated in several neuromuscular disorders. Myotubularin [myotubular myopathy 1 (MTM1)] PI 3‐phosphatase is shown associated with early and late endosomes. Loss of endosomal phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate [PI(3)P] upon overexpression of wild‐type MTM1, but not a phosphatase‐dead MTM1C375S mutant, resulted in altered early and late endosomal PI(3)P levels and rapid depletion of early endosome antigen‐1. Membrane‐bound MTM1 was directly complexed to the hVPS15/hVPS34 [vacuolar protein sorting (VPS)] PI 3‐kinase complex with binding mediated by the WD40 domain of the hVPS15 (p150) adapter protein and independent of a GRAM‐domain point mutation that blocks PI(3,5)P2 binding. The WD40 domain of hVPS15 also constitutes the binding site for Rab7 and, as shown previously, contributes to Rab5 binding. In vivo, the hVPS15/hVPS34 PI 3‐kinase complex forms mutually exclusive complexes with the Rab GTPases (Rab5 or Rab7) or with MTM1, suggesting a competitive binding mechanism. Thus, the Rab GTPases together with MTM1 likely serve as molecular switches for controlling the sequential synthesis and degradation of endosomal PI(3)P. Normal levels of endosomal PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 are crucial for both endosomal morphology and function, suggesting that disruption of endosomal sorting and trafficking in skeletal muscle when MTM1 is mutated may be a key factor in precipitating X‐linked MTM.
No Force Greater than a Determined Woman: Athletic Motivational Factors for Female Student-Athletes at Two-Year Institutions.

This study examined the motivations of female student-athletes to participate in intercollegiate athletics at two-year institutions. Utilizing a qualitative grounded theory approach, this study investigated four focus groups, constructed of female student-athletes from three different two-year institutions located in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. All participants completed at least one year of intercollegiate athletic eligibility at a two-year institution. Results can be broken down into three categories: (1) factors affecting female motivations to start participating in intercollegiate athletics; (2) factors affecting female motivations to continue to participate in intercollegiate athletics; and (3) factors affecting female motivations for starting and maintaining involvement in two-year intercollegiate athletics. Specific exploration of competition, holistic communities, and the “love of the game” phenomena from a female student-athlete perspective is explained. This study provides practices for administrators and coaches of women’s sports at two-year institutions that could help with recruiting and retaining female student-athletes. MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS v
The effect of speaking rate on velopharyngeal function in healthy speakers

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of speaking rate variation on aerodynamic and acoustic measures of velopharyngeal (VP) function. Twenty-seven healthy adult speakers (14 males, 13 females) participated in the study. The modified pressure-flow method was used to collect aerodynamic data of /m/ and /p/ segments in the word ‘hamper’ and the utterances ‘Mama made some lemon jam’ (MMJ) and ‘Buy Bobby a puppy’ (BBP). SPL was collected simultaneously with aerodynamic data for all utterances. A Nasometer was used to obtain nasalance scores and nasalance distance for MMJ and BBP. Sentences were produced at normal, fast, slow, and slowest speaking rates. The results showed that nasal airflow and VP orifice area were unaffected by speaking rate variations in males and females, whereas intra-oral pressure appeared to decrease as speaking rate slowed for both speaker groups. However, this effect was removed by statistically controlling SPL. Nasalance and nasalance distance (MMJ – BBP) did not change with speaking rate variation. There was a statistical difference between nasalance scores produced by male and female speakers. The results suggested that aerodynamic and acoustic measures of velopharyngeal function are not affected by variation in speaking rate in healthy males and females.
Spatiotemporal Pattern Analysis of Scarlet Fever Incidence in Beijing, China, 2005–2014

Objective: To probe the spatiotemporal patterns of the incidence of scarlet fever in Beijing, China, from 2005 to 2014. Methods: A spatiotemporal analysis was conducted at the district/county level in the Beijing region based on the reported cases of scarlet fever during the study period. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation of scarlet fever, whereas the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was used to determine the hotspot incidence of scarlet fever. Likewise, the space-time scan statistic was used to detect the space-time clusters, including the relative risk of scarlet fever incidence across all settings. Results: A total of 26,860 scarlet fever cases were reported in Beijing during the study period (2005–2014). The average annual incidence of scarlet fever was 14.25 per 100,000 population (range, 6.76 to 32.03 per 100,000). The incidence among males was higher than that among females, and more than two-thirds of scarlet fever cases (83.8%) were among children 3–8 years old. The seasonal incidence peaks occurred from March to July. A higher relative risk area was mainly in the city and urban districts of Beijing. The most likely space-time clusters and secondary clusters were detected to be diversely distributed in every study year. Conclusions: The spatiotemporal patterns of scarlet fever were relatively unsteady in Beijing from 2005 to 2014. The at-risk population was mainly scattered in urban settings and dense districts with high population, indicating a positive relationship between population density and increased risk of scarlet fever exposure. Children under 15 years of age were the most susceptible to scarlet fever.
Automated LSA Assessment of Summaries in Distance Education

A latent semantic analysis-based automated summary assessment is described; this automated system is applied to a real learning from text task in a Distance Education context. We comment on the use of automated content, plagiarism, text coherence measures, and word weights average and their impact on predicting human judges summary scoring. A first regression analysis showed the independence of interparagraph coherence with respect to superficial text variables, advising its inclusion in a general regression model, along with content, plagiarism measures. The final regression model explains a considerable degree of variability in human judgment of summaries. Finally, we discuss several methodological implications and further applications of the automated summary scoring technique developed in this study.
Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters as Predictors of Lower-Limb Overuse Injuries in Military Training

The study objective was to determine whether spatiotemporal gait parameters could predict lower-limb overuse injuries in cohort of combat soldiers during first year of military service. Newly recruited infantry soldiers walked on a treadmill at a 15° incline with a fixed speed of 1.67 m/sec while wearing a standard military vest with a 10 kg load. Stride time variability, stride length variability, step length asymmetry, and the duration of the loading response phase of the gait cycle were measured. Injury data on 76 soldiers who did not report musculoskeletal complaints at initial screening were collected one year after recruitment. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictive effect of the gait parameters on lower-limb injuries. Twenty-four soldiers (31.6%) had overuse injuries during the first year after recruitment. Duration of the loading response was a significant predictor of general lower-limb injury (p < 0.05), as well as of foot/ankle and knee injuries (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, resp.). A cutoff value of less than 12.15% for loading response duration predicted knee injuries with 83% sensitivity and 67% specificity. This study demonstrates the utility of spatiotemporal gait evaluation, a simple screening tool before military training, which may help to identify individuals at risk of lower-limb overuse injuries.
On the reproductive success of early-generation hatchery fish in the wild

Large numbers of hatchery salmon spawn in wild populations each year. Hatchery fish with multiple generations of hatchery ancestry often have heritably lower reproductive success than wild fish and may reduce the fitness of an entire population. Whether this reduced fitness also occurs for hatchery fish created with local‐ and predominantly wild‐origin parents remains controversial. Here, we review recent studies on the reproductive success of such ‘early‐generation’ hatchery fish that spawn in the wild. Combining 51 estimates from six studies on four salmon species, we found that (i) early‐generation hatchery fish averaged only half the reproductive success of their wild‐origin counterparts when spawning in the wild, (ii) the reduction in reproductive success was more severe for males than for females, and (iii) all species showed reduced fitness due to hatchery rearing. We review commonalities among studies that point to possible mechanisms (e.g., environmental versus genetic effects). Furthermore, we illustrate that sample sizes typical of these studies result in low statistical power to detect fitness differences unless the differences are substantial. This review demonstrates that reduced fitness of early‐generation hatchery fish may be a general phenomenon. Future research should focus on determining the causes of those fitness reductions and whether they lead to long‐term reductions in the fitness of wild populations.
As Little as Needed: The Extraordinary Case of a Mild Recessive Osteopetrosis Owing to a Novel Splicing Hypomorphic Mutation in the TCIRG1 Gene†

Mutations in the TCIRG1 gene, coding for a subunit of the osteoclast proton pump, are responsible for more than 50% of cases of human malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), a rare inherited bone disease with increased bone density owing to a failure in bone resorption. A wide variety of mutations has been described, including missense, nonsense, small deletions/insertions, splice‐site mutations, and large genomic deletions, all leading to a similar severe presentation. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no report of a mild phenotype owing to recessive TCIRG1 mutations is present neither in our series of more than 100 TCIRG1‐dependent ARO patients nor in the literature. Here we describe an 8‐year‐old patient referred to us with a clinical diagnosis of ARO, based on radiological findings; of note, no neurological or hematological defects were present in this girl. Surprisingly, we identified a novel nucleotide change in intron 15 of the TCIRG1 gene at the homozygous state, leading to the production of multiple aberrant transcripts, but also, more importantly, of a limited amount of the normal transcript. Our results show that a low level of normal TCIRG1 protein can dampen the clinical presentation of TCIRG1‐dependent ARO. On this basis, a small amount of protein might be sufficient to rescue, at least partially, the severe ARO phenotype, and this is particularly important when gene therapy approaches are considered. In addition, we would also recommend that the TCIRG1 gene be included in the molecular diagnosis of mild forms of human ARO. © 2014 Italian National Research Council. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Feasibility of Folk Science

If folk science means individuals having well worked out mechanistic theories of the workings of the world, then it is not feasible. Lay people's explanatory understandings are remarkably coarse, full of gaps and often full of inconsistencies. Even worse, most people underestimate their own understandings. Yet, recent views suggest that formal scientists may not be so different. In spite of these limitations, science somehow works and its success offers hope for the feasibility of folk science as well. The success of science arises from the ways in which scientists learn to leverage understandings in other minds and to outsource explanatory work through sophisticated methods of deference and simplification of complex systems. Three studies ask whether analogous processes might be present not only in lay people, but also in young children and thereby form a foundation for supplementing explanatory understandings almost from the start of our first attempts to make sense of the world.
Distributing RePast agent‐based simulations with HLA

Large, experimental multi‐agent system (MAS) simulations are highly demanding tasks, both computationally and developmentally. Agent toolkits provide reliable templates for the design of even the largest MAS simulations, without offering a solution to computational limitations. Conversely, distributed simulation architectures offer performance benefits, but the introduction of parallel logic can complicate the design process significantly. The motivations of distribution are not limited to this question of processing power. True interoperation of sequential agent‐simulation platforms would allow agents designed using different toolkits to transparently interact in common abstract domains. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a system capable of harnessing the computational power of a distributed simulation infrastructure with the design efficiency of an agent toolkit. The system permits integration, through a higher‐level architecture (HLA) federation, of multiple instances of the Java‐based lightweight agent‐simulation toolkit RePast. This paper defines abstractly the engineering process necessary in creating such middleware, and reports on the experience in the specific case of the RePast toolkit. The paper also presents performance results that illustrate that significant speedup can be achieved through the integration of RePast with HLA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Affective Reactions of Vietnamese Toward Coworkers With Disabilities and Perceptions of Community Inclusion

Vietnam is in the emerging stage in supporting and protecting people with disabilities (PWDs) in terms of employment rights and opportunities. The main purpose of this study was to explore how Vietnamese perceive their coworkers with disabilities in general workplace settings. In addition, the secondary objective of this study was to explore how Vietnamese perceive community acceptance and inclusive education of PWDs in different environmental contexts. Results indicated participants had generally positive affective reactions toward their coworkers with disabilities in the workplace. However, findings also indicated that Vietnamese people possessed hierarchical attitudes toward people with different types of disabilities in terms of community acceptance and educational rights.
Phase‐space structures – II. Hierarchical Structure Finder

A new multidimensional Hierarchical Structure Finder (hsf) to study the phase-space structure of dark matter in N-body cosmological simulations is presented. The algorithm depends mainly on two parameters, which control the level of connectivity of the detected structures and their significance compared to Poisson noise. By working in six-dimensional phase space, where contrasts are much more pronounced than in three-dimensional (3D) position space, our hsf algorithm is capable of detecting subhaloes including their tidal tails, and can recognize other phase-space structures such as pure streams and candidate caustics. If an additional unbinding criterion is added, the algorithm can be used as a self-consistent halo and subhalo finder. As a test, we apply it to a large halo of the Millennium Simulation, where 19 per cent of the halo mass is found to belong to bound substructures, which is more than what is detected with conventional 3D substructure finders, and an additional 23–36 per cent of the total mass belongs to unbound hsf structures. The distribution of identified phase-space density peaks is clearly bimodal: high peaks are dominated by the bound structures and show a small spread in their height distribution; low peaks belong mostly to tidal streams, as expected. However, the projected (3D) density distribution of the structures shows that some of the streams can have comparable density to the bound structures in position space. In order to better understand what hsf provides, we examine the time evolution of structures, based on the merger tree history. Given the resolution limit of the Millennium Simulation, bound structures typically make only up to six orbits inside the main halo. The number of orbits scales approximately linearly with the redshift corresponding to the moment of merging of the structures with the halo. At fixed redshift, the larger the initial mass of the structure which enters the main halo, the faster it loses mass. The difference in the mass loss rate between the largest structures and the smallest ones can reach up to 20 per cent. Still, hsf can identify at the present time at least 80 per cent of the original content of structures with a redshift of infall as high as z≤ 0.3, which illustrates the significant power of this tool to perform dynamical analyses in phase space.