Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The global economic crisis, poverty and education: a perspective from India

Debates on the global economic recession have failed to draw adequate attention to the meaning of the crisis for the poor and their education, especially in later developing societies. In this paper, I focus on the education of children of the poor in India – a country that has experienced economic slowdown rather than recession. Available research suggests that the economic slowdown is likely to have resulted in large numbers of informal sector workers slipping into poverty, adversely affecting the education of their children. However, I argue that poverty and the education of the poor has to be looked at in a context much broader than the global recession or the national economic slowdown. I refer in particular to the neoliberal discourse advocating low‐cost private schools as solutions to the education of poor children, a discourse that preceded the meltdown. I argue that while publicly funded schooling in India is certainly in need of an overhaul, the private school agenda is driven by markets and profits and a reduced role of the state in education. There are serious implications that follow that must be urgently addressed.
Equity and Excellence: liberating the NHS

1. Rząd podtrzymuje zasady i wartości NHS: powszechną dostępność kompleksowych usług medycznych, oferowanych bezpłatnie w momencie świadczenia, zgodnie z potrzebami klinicznymi, bez względu na zdolność finansową pacjenta. 2. Rokrocznie, w trakcie obecnej kadencji Parlamentu, będziemy zwiększać rzeczywiste wydatki na służbę zdrowia. 3. Naszym celem jest NHS, której wyniki będą należały do najlepszych na świecie.
Current treatment practice in immunosuppression

New drugs have recently been added that may eventually replace the two-decade dominance of cyclosporin in solid organ transplantation. This cornerstone of immunosuppression was introduced by Borel [1] and Calne [2] in the mid-70s. In 1989, Starzl et al., after 2 years of preclinical experimentation, introduced tacrolimus (originally designated as FK506 by the Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Company of Japan) as a potent immunosuppressant for liver transplants [3]. Also, in recent years, a variety of novel purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors have been tested for transplantation therapy. The leading agent which appears to be replacing the 35-year position occupied by azathioprine is the semi-synthetic morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), introduced by Allison [4] and Sollinger [5], and developed by the Syntex Corporation (now Roche Pharmaceuticals). Others, affecting different intra- or intercellular messages amplifying immunity, are in the pipeline.
Resuscitation With Aged Blood Exacerbates Liver Injury in a Hemorrhagic Rat Model*

Objective:Blood loss and transfusion are frequent among patients undergoing liver surgery. Concerns have been raised about the safety and efficacy of transfusing stored blood. The influence of transfusing fresh vs. stored blood on the liver has not been studied to date. We tested the hypothesis that transfusion of stored, but not fresh blood, adversely affects liver outcome in vivo following acute hemorrhage. Additionally, possible mechanisms linking adverse liver outcome with increased storage duration were evaluated. Design:Prospective, controlled, animal study. Setting:University research laboratory. Subjects:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats Interventions:Anesthetized rats were randomized to control, hemorrhagic and shock group (acute bleeding; HSG), or hemorrhagic and blood resuscitation groups (BR) (with fresh blood [BR-d0], blood stored for 4 [BR-d4] or 7 [BR-d7] days, or packed RBCs stored for 7 days [packed RBC-d7]). Measurements and Main Results:Administration of blood or packed RBC stored for 7 days exacerbated liver injury as reflected by liver necrosis and enhanced apoptosis (p < 0.001). Functional MRI analysis of the liver demonstrated significant improvement in liver perfusion with fresh blood (% change in functional MRI signal intensity due to hyperoxia was 16% ± 3% in BR-d0 vs. 4% ± 3% in hemorrhagic group, p < 0.001) but not with stored blood (12% ± 2% and 9% ± 5% for BR-d4 and BR-d7, respectively). Analysis of stored blood showed reduction in RBC deformability at 7 days of storage, reflecting a five-fold increase in the number of undeformable cells. Conclusion:Liver injury is exacerbated by the transfusion of stored blood, primarily due to the change in the rheological properties of RBC. This data call for clinical studies in patients undergoing liver resection or transplantation.
The influence of culture conditions on the identification of Mycobacterium species by MALDI-TOF MS profiling.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) represents a simple reliable approach for rapid bacterial identification based on specific peptide/protein fingerprints. However, cell-wall characteristics of mycobacterial species, and their well known stability, complicate MALDI-TOF MS profiling analysis. In this study, we tested two recently published protocols for inactivation and disruption of mycobacteria, and we also examined the influence of different culture conditions (four culture media and five cultivation times) on mass spectral quality and the discriminatory power of the method. We found a significant influence of sample pretreatment method and culture medium on species identification and differentiation for a total of 10 strains belonging to Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Optimum culture conditions yielding the highest identification success rate against the BioTyper database (Bruker Daltonics) and permitting the possibility of automatic acquisition of mass spectra were found to be distinct for the two mycobacterial species examined. Similarly, individual changes in growth conditions had diverse effects on the two species. For these reasons, thorough control over cultivation conditions should always be employed to maximize the performance and discriminatory power of MALDI-TOF MS profiling, and cultivation conditions must be optimized separately for individual groups of mycobacterial species/strains.
The indirect effects of PMS design on Malaysian service firms' characteristics and performance

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to gain deeper understanding of whether a fit between the organizational characteristics and PMS design may enhance organizational performance. This study presents evidence on PMS attributes and use as intervening variables on the relationships between service firms' characteristics and performance in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach - The issues were tested using a mixed method approach with the collection of survey questionnaires and a series of post-survey interviews. Stronger emphasis was placed on a quantitative approach as the objective was to develop generalized PMS findings in the service sector. Findings - Findings indicate that the attributes and use of PMS have significant indirect effects on the relationships between the differentiation strategy, environmental competitiveness and organizational performance for both professional and mass services. Additionally the interpretation of the interviews underlines the complementing roles of each of the design elements in building an effective PMS. Originality/value - The evidence removes the traditional assumption that accounting formal control is only applicable to mass service firms. Instead, the findings show that PMS design of professional service firms is not much different from that of mass services.
Alloplastic Template Fixation of Blow-Out Fracture

Alloplasts are widely used to reconstruct the orbital defects. The alloplastic material, however, is not uncommonly infected, displaced, and extruded, and forms an epithelial pseudocyst around it. To prevent the depressed fractured bone of the orbital floor from dropping down into the maxillary sinus, an en block fragment of the depressed fracture of the orbital floor was restored after being attached to an alloplastic sheet template which was fixed to the intact orbital floor. This procedure is simple and secure, and intramaxillary packing is not needed to buttress the depressed fractured bone into the sinus.
Nutritional correlates of monetary diet cost in young, middle-aged and older Japanese women

Abstract Studies in many Western countries have consistently shown that monetary diet cost is positively associated with diet quality, but this may not necessarily be the case in Japan. This cross-sectional study examined the nutritional correlates of monetary diet cost among 3963 young (all 18 years old), 3800 middle-aged (mean age 48 years) and 2211 older (mean age 74 years) Japanese women. Dietary intakes were assessed using a comprehensive self-administered diet history questionnaire for young and middle-aged women and a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire for older women. Monetary diet cost was estimated using retail food prices. Total vegetables, fish and shellfish, green and black tea, white rice, meat, fruit and alcoholic beverages contributed most (79–89 %) to inter-individual variation in monetary diet cost. Multiple regression analyses showed that monetary diet cost was negatively associated with carbohydrate intake, but positively with intakes of all other nutrients examined (including not only dietary fibre and key vitamins and minerals but also saturated fat and Na) in all generations. For food group intakes, irrespective of age, monetary diet cost was associated inversely with white rice and bread but positively with pulses, potatoes, fruit, total vegetables, fruit and vegetable juice, green and black tea, fish and shellfish, and meat. In conclusion, in all three generations of Japanese women and contrary to Western populations, monetary diet cost was positively associated with not only healthy dietary components (including fruits, vegetables, fish and shellfish, dietary fibre, and key vitamins and minerals), but also less healthy components (including saturated fat and Na).
A gap analysis model for improving airport service quality

Due to the increasing importance of customer orientation to a competitive advantage, airport managers emphasise passengers' perceptions and expectations of airport services quality. This paper aims to develop a multi-criteria evaluation model to evaluate the gap between passengers' perceptions (perceived service quality) and their expectations (expected service quality), and to diagnose managerial strategies of gap reduction within the airport passenger service context. This multi-criteria evaluation model is combined with the analytic hierarchy process method, the VIKOR (VIsekriterijumska optimizacija i KOmpromisno Resenje in Serbian, which means Multicriteria Optimization and Compromise Solution) method, and the importance–performance analysis (IPA) technique. The multi-criteria model can not only overcome the weaknesses of traditional IPA, it can also consider passenger preferences and satisfaction simultaneously to analyse managerial strategies for reducing the customer gap, thus improving service quality and meeting passengers' expectations. This paper also provides an empirical case study of passenger services at Taoyuan International Airport in Taiwan, demonstrating the suitability and effectiveness of the multi-criteria evaluation model.
Endoscopic resection for duodenal carcinoid tumors: A multicenter, retrospective study

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors < 10 mm in diameter and limited to the submucosal layer demonstrate a low frequency of lymph node and distant metastasis, and are suitable for endoscopic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and long‐term prognosis of endoscopic resections for the treatment of duodenal carcinoid tumors.
Cross-country differences in graduate overeducation

This article focuses on the explanation of cross-country variation in graduate overeducation using a multilevel analysis. We use data from representative surveys among graduates in 13 European countries and Japan, focusing on the first job and the present job 5 years after graduation. We find that cross-country differences in overeducation are explained by the quality and orientation (general versus specific) of the educational system/programme, the business cycle and the relative oversupply of highly skilled labour. Employment protection legislation has no impact on the incidence and persistence of overeducation.
An EOQ inventory model for items with Weibull deterioration, shortages and time varying demand

An inventory model is considered in which inventory is depleted not only by demand, but also by deterioration. Hence, in this paper, we derive the EOQ model for inventory of items that deteriorates at a Weibull distributed rate, assuming the demand rate with a continuous function of time. Moreover, the proposed model cannot be solved directly in a closed form, thus we used the computer software IMSL MATH/LIBRARY (1989) to find the optimal service level and the optimal replenishment cycle time. Further, we also verify that the sufficient conditions of optimality of the service level and the replenishment cycle time are satisfied under certain conditions. Finally, three numerical examples and sensitivity analyses are provided to assess the solution procedure.
Endometrial Glandular Dysplasia: A Putative Precursor Lesion of Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma. Part II: Molecular Features

Endometrial glandular dysplasia (EmGD) may be a newly defined precursor lesion of uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) by morphology. In this report, we studied molecular changes present in EmGD by the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) approach using laser capture microdissected tissue samples. Nineteen uteri showing at least 1 focus of EmGD by morphology were selected. These cases were 12 UPSC, 2 clear cell carcinomas, 1 mixed uterine papillary serous and endometrioid carcinoma, 1 uterine carcinosarcoma, 1 serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC), and 2 EmGD involving endometrial polyps. Seven microsatellite polymorphic DNA markers (TP53 at 17p, D1S211, and D1S162 at 1p32, D17S1323 at 17q21, D17S1330 at 17q25, D5S346 at 5q, and D2S123 at 2p) were utilized. A total of 123 laser-captured microdissection samples from 19 cases was studied with LOH method. The frequencies and patterns of LOH were analyzed and compared among benign resting endometrium (RE), EmGD, serous EIC, and UPSC. LOH was observed for at least 1 of the 7 markers in all categories of lesions, EmGD, serous EIC, and UPSC. The frequency of LOH for EmGD ranged from 4.2% to 31.3%; the range for serous EIC was 5.9% to 78.6%; and that for UPSC was 7.7% to 62.5%. The most frequent LOH in the 3 above-cited categories of lesions was identified at 17p (TP53) and 1p (D1S162). The frequency of LOH in EmGD with markers of TP53 and D1S162 was significantly higher than in RE (p < 0.05). With markers of D1S211 and D2S123, LOH in EmGD was higher than RE, approaching to a statistically significant level. Compared with foci of serous EIC and UPSC, however, the rate of LOH in EmGD was significantly lower only with TP53 locus (31.3% vs more than 60%, p < 0.05). The difference of LOH frequency with other chromosomal markers between EmGD and serous EIC/UPSC did not reach a statistically significant level. A significantly high concordant LOH pattern was found between foci of EmGD and serous EIC/UPSC (p = 0.05). We conclude that EmGD frequently shows LOH at multiple chromosomal loci, particularly at 17p and 1p. Significantly high concordant LOH frequency between EmGD and paired serous EIC or UPSC strongly suggests that EmGD is a noncancerous precursor lesion of UPSC, probably also of serous EIC. The clinical significance of EmGD needs further studies.
Understanding the Process of Knowledge Spillovers: Learning to Become Social Enterprises

Through analyzing in-depth interview data obtained from representatives of U.K.-based social enterprises, we explore how traditional third-sector organizations acquire entrepreneurial knowledge via knowledge spillover and use this to transform themselves into more market-driven, businesslike social enterprises. An integrated framework for knowledge spillover is developed to highlight the connection with organizational efforts at each stage of the knowledge spillover process; this framework assists organizations in collecting leaked knowledge and turning it into both organizational action and specific social and human capital that can play an important role in facilitating these connections. This research contributes toward our further understanding of the knowledge spillover phenomenon.
Analysts and Sentiment: A Causality Study

We analyze the role that financial analysts play in the sentiment effect on stock prices. Causality analysis reveals that sentiment affects various aspects of analysts’ forecasts and recommendations. We show that experienced analysts are aware of sentiment, consciously incorporate it and have some control over its effect. As a result, the sentiment effect on analysts replicates the sentiment effect expected in stock prices and actual forecast errors are limited to certain cases. Analysts expedite the propagation of sentiment to stock prices and probably enhance the effect by influencing sophisticated investors, but they do not initiate or shape it. The new regulations, “Research Analysts and Research Reports” and “Communications with the Public”, imposed in 2002, have reduced over-optimism due to sentiment.
Ecological Modernization at the Intersection of Environment and Energy

Contemporary environmental policy is marked by an emphasis on the fight against climate change. Technological improvements for energy efficiency and transition to a low carbon economy are seen as principal environmental policy measures. Has this been the case 40 years ago when modern environmental policy took its first leap? Or has it been the result of a particular twist in the course of the development of environmental policy? Taking sides with the latter approach, it is argued that the intertwining of environmental and energy policy is attributable to ecological modernization that has become the dominant interpretation of sustainable development. Accordingly, this article focuses on ecological modernization theory and policy strategy in an aim to capture this turn. Empirical evidence will be provided through an analysis of European Union (EU) environmental policy. It will be demonstrated how EU environmental policy takes its direction from ecological modernization and how energy efficiency lies at its core.
Farmer Consumer Partnerships Communicating Ethical Values: a conceptual framework

The CORE-Organic Farmer Consumer Partnership project develops and tests innovative generic communication strategies as a valuable tool for the strategic positioning of organic companies and farmers' initiatives in the five partner countries: Austria, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and the UK. The main objective is to determine how commitment to a broader range of ethical values than those covered by European organic regulations can be reflected in communication with customers. This report represents the outcome of the first two work packages (WPs 1 & 2). In WP 1, a conceptual framework for communicating ethical approaches in organic agriculture was developed. The most important ethical traditions frequently mentioned in the context of ethical consumerism and Corporate Social Responsibility was reviewed. It was established which of the concerns expressed by organic stakeholders go beyond current organic standards, in particular the European Regulations. These concerns and the activities with which they are associated are referred to as ‘organicPlus’ in this report. In WP 2, in a two step empirical study, organicPlus approaches and ‘communication arguments’ of organic companies were identified by analysing written company material and qualitative interviews. The first step involved mapping 101 companies to develop a general understanding of the issues for organic SMEs. In a second step, the background of organicPlus approaches was explored in greater detail in 20 case study companies. Chapter 1 summarises the basic rationale for the project. OrganicPlus activities have the potential to differentiate organic products in a growing and increasingly globalised market, where organic products compete with other ethical choices such as local or regional foods and ‘Fairtrade’ products. In Chapter 2, the relevance of ethical consumerism, fair trade and ethical business management concepts, such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), for the organic sector is explored. Chapter 3 uses stages of a tool-kit for food companies (Corporate Moral Responsibility Manual by Brom et al., 2006) to explore values expressed in literature about the organic sector and compares them with the European Regulation (EEC) 2092/91 and (EC) 834/2007 on organic production. Chapter 4 describes how organic companies in the five partner countries integrate organicPlus approaches in their activities. The final chapter brings together the findings from the two WPs and provides concluding remarks related to the organicPlus approach, the most promising communication arguments for further study and some general conclusions and recommendations.
The Causal Link between Financial Incentives and Weight Loss

Obesity and overweight are linked to diseases that cost society a significant amount of resources. While behavior modification can reduce the problem, instigating such lifestyle changes is an uneasy task. One potential way to reduce the problem is through the use of financial incentives. In this survey, we review the available evidence with a significant emphasis on studies that yield credible estimates of the effect of financial incentives on weight loss. We find that the scientific literature on the subject has not yet satisfactorily settled whether such a mechanism is effective at eliciting the desired behavioral and health outcomes. We therefore advocate a rigorous large-scalerandomized experiment to provide reliable estimates of the effect.
Bio‐impedance analysis for estimation of total body potassium, total body water, and fat‐free mass in white, black, and Asian adults

Bio‐impedance analysis (BIA) measurements have been used to predict components of body composition. Their validation is required for populations varying in race, sex, and age. In 371 Whites, 182 Blacks and 225 Asians, single‐frequency BIA at 50 kHz (RJL‐100) resistance and reactance measurements were correlated with same‐day measurements of total body water (TBW) by THO dilution, total body potassium (TBK) by whole body 40K counting, and fat‐free mass (FFM) by dual‐photon absorptiometry. BIA correlation coefficients with TBW, TBK, FFM, and fat varied by sex and race for all measured body composition components. The highest correlation was for FFM, and the lowest was for fat mass. Prediction equations were further improved by including age, stature, and weight for each of the study cohorts. The SEE for predictions were in the ranges of 5–6, 6–8, and 7–10% of measured FFM, TBW, and TBK, respectively. BIA was effective in predicting body composition when subjects are specified by age, sex, stature, weight, and race for subjects from 18 to 94 years of age. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.