Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Background Current standardized treatments for cognitive impairment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder remain limited and their efficacy restricted. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for enhancing cognitive performance in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the effects of tDCS in reducing cognitive impairment in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not yet been investigated. Methods A parallel, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of tDCS on the modulation of inhibitory control in adults with ADHD. Thirty patients were randomly allocated to each group and performed a go/no-go task before and after a single session of either anodal stimulation (1 mA) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or sham stimulation. Results A nonparametric two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test revealed no significant differences between the two groups of individuals with ADHD (tDCS vs. sham) in regard to behavioral performance in the go/no go tasks. Furthermore, the effect sizes of group differences after treatment for the primary outcome measures—correct responses, impulsivity and omission errors—were small. No adverse events resulting from stimulation were reported. Conclusion According to these findings, there is no evidence in support of the use of anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as an approach for improving inhibitory control in ADHD patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical study to assess the cognitive effects of tDCS in individuals with ADHD. Further research is needed to assess the clinical efficacy of tDCS in this population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01968512
Studies on the Etiology of Marek's Disease. I. Propagation of the Agent in Cell Culture

Summary A focal cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures 11-25 days postinoculation with blood from the JM strain of Marek's disease (MD). All cell suspensions from such cultures reproduced MD when inoculated into chicks, while all of the morphologically normal DEF cultures were noninfectious. The CPE and infectivity were maintained in DEF cultures for 182 days. Both the induction of CPE in cell cultures and MD in chickens required intact cells in the inoculum. These data indicate that the JM strain of MD was successfully propagated in DEF cultures and produced a characteristic CPE.
Intergenerational Programs

Abstract The purpose of this research was to provide an overview of the current state of intergenerational programming in one Canadian city. One-hundred and seven individuals in charge of programming in youth and seniors' organizations completed a telephone survey about intergenerational programs. More than one-third of organizations surveyed reported offering intergenerational programs, and the majority of these perceived their program to be successful. Participants added that there were no current overlaps in services, though a variety of gaps in and barriers to intergenerational programming were identified. There was also significant interest in and ideas for offering a diverse range of programs in the future. It was concluded that while interest in offering intergenerational programs was high, multiple barriers currently exist to offering such programs.
Cross‐reactivity patterns to budesonide

Allergic contact dermatitis from topical corticosteroids is not uncommon. Budesonide has been included in the European standard series as a marker for corticosteroid allergy, though little is known of its cross‐reactivity with other corticosteroids. Twelve patients previously positive to budesonide on patch testing were given further patch and intradermal tests to a range of corticosteroids. Six patients previously negative to budesonide on patch testing were used as a control group. Budesonide cross‐reacts with hydrocortisone‐21‐sodium phosphate and triamcinolone acetonide. Patients positive to budesonide should therefore avoid hydrocortisone and triamcinolone acetonide. Patch testing, unfortunately, is an inaccurate method of determining cross‐reactivity patterns among corticosteroids.
Inhibition of Transcription and Translation in Sindbis Virus-Infected Cells

ABSTRACT Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that include a number of important human and animal pathogens. The natural transmission cycle of alphaviruses requires their presence at high concentrations in the blood of amplification hosts for efficient infection of mosquito vectors. The high-titer viremia development implies multiple rounds of infection that proceed in the background of the developing antiviral cell response aimed at blocking virus spread on an organismal level. Therefore, as for many viruses, if not most of them, alphaviruses have evolved mechanisms directed toward downregulating different components of the antiviral cell reaction and increasing viremia to a level sufficient for the next round of transmission. Using Sindbis virus (SIN) as a model, we demonstrated that (i) the replication of wild-type SIN strongly affects major cellular processes, e.g., transcription and translation of mRNAs; (ii) transcriptional and translational shutoffs are distinctly independent events, and their development can be differentially manipulated by creating different mutations in SIN nonstructural protein nsP2; and (iii) inhibition of transcription, but not translation, is a critical mechanism that SIN employs to suppress the expression of cellular viral stress-inducible genes in cells of vertebrate origin. Downregulation of transcription of all of the cellular mRNAs appears to be a very efficient means of reducing the development of an antiviral response. The ability to cause transcriptional shutoff may partially determine SIN host range and replication in particular tissues.
Force Measurements on a Flapping and Pitching Wing At Low Reynolds Numbers

Force measurements from experiments conducted in water on a flapping-and-pitching thin flat plate wing of semi-elliptic planform at low Reynolds numbers are reported. Time varying force data, measured using a force transducer, provide a means to understand the mechanisms that lead to enhanced performance observed in insect flight compared to fixed wing aerodynamics. Experimental uncertainties associated with low level (~1N) fluid dynamic force measurements on flapping-and-pitching wings are addressed. A previously proposed pitching mode in which the leading edge and trailing edge switch roles to allow using cambered airfoils has been shown to be viable, and may have advantages over the non-switching mode. The present data are part of a larger database planned to experimentally investigate various aspects of insect flight including another previously proposed idea that performance may be improved by flying at optimum reduced flapping frequency. The study has applications in micro air vehicle development.
Social–ecological predictors of externalizing behavior trajectories in at-risk youth

Abstract Extant research consistently links youth externalizing problems and later maladaptive outcomes, and these behaviors are particularly detrimental given their relative stability across development. Although an array of risk and protective factors for externalizing problems have been identified, few studies have examined factors reflecting the multiple social–ecological levels that influence child development and used them to predict longitudinal trajectories of externalizing problems. The current study examined externalizing behavior trajectories in a sample of 1,094 at-risk youth (539 boys, 555 girls) from the Longitudinal Studies in Child Abuse and Neglect multisite longitudinal study of child maltreatment. Normed Child Behavior Checklist externalizing scores were used to estimate group trajectories via growth-based trajectory modeling at ages 10, 12, 14, and 16 using the SAS PROC TRAJ procedure. Model fit was assessed using the Bayes information criterion and the Akaike information criterion statistics. Analyses revealed optimal fit for five distinct behavioral trajectories: low stable, mid-increasing, mid-decreasing, medium high, and high stable. Multinomial logistic regressions revealed that a combination of risk and protective factors at individual, family, school, and neighborhood levels contribute to distinct trajectories of externalizing problems over time. Predictors of low and decreasing trajectories can inform interventions aimed at addressing externalizing problems among high-risk adolescents.
The effects of rules and instructions, consultant feedback, and teacher self-monitoring on teacher and student behavior during consulting and non-consulting periods

This study investigated the effects of rules and instructions, consultant feedback, and self-monitoring on teacher approval, disapproval, and student on-task behavior. Data was collected during a consulting period, measuring changes when the consultant was present, and during a non-consulting period, assessing whether similar changes occurred with the consultant absent. Three elementary teachers who exhibited more verbal disapproval than approval participated. On-task data was collected on three randomly selected students in each classroom. Following baseline, the teachers set classroom rules and were instructed to increase their approval and decrease disapproval. During the consulting period of the feedback phase, the consultant provided feedback every five minutes to the teacher on the frequency of her approvals and disapprovals. The teachers counted their approvals on a wrist counter during both periods of the selfmoni toring phase and continued receiving feedback during the consulting period. Follow-up data was collected after the fourth phase. A two by five (periods by phases) repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the training program significantly increased teacher approval and student ontask behavior and decreased teacher disapprovals. Approvals increased significantly during each of the three training
Atypical vaginal adenosis and cervical ectropion. Association with clear cell adenocarcinoma in diethylstilbestrol‐exposed offspring

Knowledge of the evolution of clear cell adenocarcinomas of the vagina and cervix in diethylstibestrol‐exposed progeny has remained elusive despite the known topographical association of these tumors with the tuboendometrial form of vaginal adenosis and cervical ectropion. Twenty radical hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy and vaginectomy specimens of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix were serially blocked in toto; tuboendometrial epithelium was found in the vagina in 19 (95%) of the cases, usually in greatest concentration at the margin of the tumor, particularly inferiorly. Foci of atypical tuboendometrial epithelium were identified in 16 (80%) of the cases, almost always immediately adjacent to the tumor. Twenty‐five of a second group of 47 specimens in which only substantial portions of the vagina or cervix adjacent to a clear cell adenocarcinoma were available for examination also had foci of atypical tuboendometrial epithelium. The frequency with which atypical tuboendometrial glands in the vagina and cervix were associated with the carcinomas and the proximity of the former to the latter provide strong evidence that atypical vaginal adenosis and atypical cervical ectropion of the tuboendometrial type are precursors of clear cell adenocarcinoma.
Raising the bar : The gender stratification of law-firm capital

Controversy surrounds the selection of women and men for partnerships in law firms. Two structural theories explain the greater success of men in achieving partnership. Human capital theory emphasizes investment choices and productivity; gender stratification theory highlights institutional constraints and bias. The authors incorporate Pierre Bourdieu's cultural capital perspective, which emphasizes both tangible structural sources of social capital and less tangible cultural resources and dispositions. They find that measures of social capital and cultural dispositions favorable to a firm's monetary goals explain some of the preference given to men in partnership decisions. Even with these differences controlled, however, women have poorer prospects for partnership. They also consider whether there is a kind of woman lawyer, one with exceptional structural and cultural characteristics, that is given preference relative to other women. While men are valued for traditional corporate family images, women are rewarded for breaking convention in giving priority to work outside the home, bringing in corporate clients, and endorsing the goals of the law-firm culture
Inflammasome Activation by ATP Enhances Citrobacter rodentium Clearance through ROS Generation

Background: Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is an important cytosolic sensor of cellular stress and infection. Once activated, NLRP3 forms a multiprotein complex (inflammasome) that triggers the maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. We aimed to define the consequences of NLRP3 induction, utilizing exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an inflammasome activator, to determine if inflammasome activation increases macrophage killing of Citrobacter rodentium and define mechanisms. Methods: Bacterial survival was measured using a gentamicin protection assay. Inflammasome activation or inhibition in mouse J774A.1 macrophages were assessed by measuring IL-1β; cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by ELISA and DCFDA, respectively. Results: Activation of the inflammasome increased bacterial killing by macrophages and its inhibition attenuated this effect with no impact on phagocytosis or cell death. Furthermore, inflammasome activation suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection, possibly due to more effective bacterial killing. While the infection increased ROS production, this effect was reduced by inflammasome inhibitors, indicating that ROS is inflammasome-dependent. ROS inhibitors increased bacterial survival in the presence of ATP, suggesting that inflammasome-induced bacterial killing is mediated, at least in part, by ROS activity. Conclusion: Improving inflammasome activity during infection may increase bacterial clearance by macrophages and reduce subsequent microbe-induced inflammation.
Modelling of IP geolocation by use of latency measurements

IP Geolocation is a key enabler for many areas of application like Content Delivery Networks, targeted advertisement and law enforcement. Therefore, an increased accuracy is needed to improve service quality. Although IP Geolocation is an ongoing field of research for over one decade, it is still a challenging task, whereas good results are only achieved by the use of active latency measurements. This paper presents an novel approach to find optimized Landmarks positions which are used for active probing and introduce an improved location estimation. Since a reasonable Landmark selection is important for a highly accurate localization service, the goal is to find Landmarks close to the target with respect to the infrastructure and hop count. Current techniques provide less information about solving this problem as well as are using imprecise models. We demonstrate the usability of our approach in a real-world environment. The combination of an optimized Landmark selection and advanced modulation results in an improved accuracy of IP Geolocation.
grain dust-induced airflow obstruction Bronchial hyperreactivity is associated with enhanced

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 26, 2003; 278 (52): 53035-53044. J. Biol. Chem. G. W. Hunninghake M. M. Monick, T. O. Yarovinsky, L. S. Powers, N. S. Butler, A. B. Carter, G. Gudmundsson and Endotoxin Respiratory Syncytial Virus Up-regulates TLR4 and Sensitizes Airway Epithelial Cells to [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , July 1, 2004; 126 (1): 198-204. Chest I. Hussain, V. V. Jain, P. O'Shaughnessy, T. R. Businga and J. Kline Effect of Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure on Allergic Asthma in a Murine Model [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April 15, 2005; 171 (8): 806-813. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. Schwartz J. W. Hollingsworth, B. J. Chen, D. M. Brass, K. Berman, M. D. Gunn, D. N. Cook and D. A. Inflammation The Critical Role of Hematopoietic Cells in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Airway [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , August 1, 2005; 289 (2): L329-L337. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Schwartz J. D. Savov, D. M. Brass, B. L. Lawson, E. McElvania-Tekippe, J. K. L. Walker and D. A. lipopolysaccharide Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist (E5564) prevents the chronic airway response to inhaled
[Effects of dietary different ratios of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids influence lipid metabolism and appetite of rats].

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of dietary different ratios of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on food intake of SD rats and potential mechanisms. METHODS According to their serum total cholesterol level, male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, and were fed common feed diet, high fat diet, high fat with n-3/n-6 1:1 PUFA diet, high fat with n-3/n-6 1:5 PUFA diet, common feed with n-3/n-6 1:1 PUFA diet, and common feed with n-3/n-6 1:5 PUFA diet, respectively. Weights were measured about every 6 days, and food intake were measured everyday. At 0, 15, 30 and 45 days, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in the plasma were measured using kits. After 45 days, the rats were sacrificed. RT-PCR was used for measuring the expression of neuropepide Y (NPY) and AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha2 (AMPK-alpha2) mRNA in the hypothalamus. RESULTS Four diets with any ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA resulted in significant restraint of body weight gain, TC and TG level in the plasma, NPY and AMPK-alpha2 mRNA level in the hypothalamus compared to high fat diets (P < 0.05). These situations in two groups with common diet and one group with high diet added 1:1 PUFA are more significant than the high fat diet group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that dietary PUFA improved lipid metabolism which may be related with appetite control through AMPK path.
An OR-type cascaded match line scheme for high-performance and EDP-efficient ternary content addressable memory

Although feathered with high search speed, NOR-type match line in ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) can hardly be cascaded to achieve low power due to its parallel connection nature. In this paper, a novel OR-type cascaded match-line scheme is proposed, which serially connects the OR-type match line segments by nature, realizing high search speed and low power. For pre-layout simulation, the proposed 64-word × 72-bit TCAM with 3 stages, based on 0.13-um 1.2-V SMIC process, achieves 0.41fJ/bit/search with 0.48 ns search time, which delivers an EDP (energy-delay-product) reduction of 43.6% and 15.8% over conventional pre-charge high NOR-type match line architecture and AND-type match-line approach, respectively. The post-layout simulation shows that the proposed scheme realizes 0.58fJ/bit/search within 1.13 ns searching time.
Association between Several Clinical and Radiological Determinants with Long-Term Clinical Progression and Good Prognosis of Lower Limb Osteoarthritis

Objective To investigate the factors associated with clinical progression and good prognosis in patients with lower limb osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Cohort study of 145 patients with OA in either knee, hip or both. Progression was defined as 1) new joint prosthesis or 2) increase in WOMAC pain or function score during 6-years follow-up above pre-defined thresholds. Patients without progression with decrease in WOMAC pain or function score lower than pre-defined thresholds were categorized as good prognosis. Relative risks (RRs) for progression and good prognosis with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated by comparing the highest tertile or category to the lowest tertile, for baseline determinants (age, sex, BMI, WOMAC pain and function scores, pain on physical examination, total range of motion (tROM), osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN) scores), and for worsening in WOMAC pain and function score in 1-year. Adjustments were performed for age, sex, and BMI. Results Follow-up was completed by 117 patients (81%, median age 60 years, 84% female); 62 (53%) and 31 patients (26%) showed progression and good prognosis, respectively. These following determinants were associated with progression: pain on physical examination (RR 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5)); tROM (1.4 (1.1 to 1.6); worsening in WOMAC pain (1.9 (1.2 to 2.3)); worsening in WOMAC function (2.4 (1.7 to 2.6)); osteophytes 1.5 (1.0 to 1.8); and JSN scores (2.3 (1.5 to 2.7)). Worsening in WOMAC pain (0.1 (0.1 to 0.8)) and function score (0.1 (0.1 to 0.7)), were negatively associated with good prognosis. Conclusion Worsening of self-reported pain and function in one year, limited tROM and higher osteophytes and JSN scores were associated with clinical progression. Worsening in WOMAC pain and function score in 1- year were associated with lower risk to have good prognosis. These findings help to inform patients with regard to their OA prognosis.
On the influence of crack shape on effective elasticity of fractured media

A circle is the basic fracture shape adopted by conventional effective media theories to describe the overall elasticity of cracked solids. As fractures in rocks do not resemble circles, it is important to find out to what extent the available theoretical results are applicable to realistic fracture shapes. To address this issue, we conduct 3D numerical experiments on the so-called digital rocks containing irregular cracks that might be partially closed and might intersect each other. Despite profound deviations of our fracture geometries from circles, we find that basic theoretical results originally developed for penny-shaped cracks remain valid for arbitrary fracture shapes. Based on a series of finite element computations, we show the following: (1) As far as the effective elasticity is concerned, flat fractures with random in-plane irregularities are accurately represented by circular ones. (2) Approximate effective elliptical orthotropy established for multiple sets of dry penny-shaped cracks embedded in isotropic host rock holds with the same accuracy for irregular, possibly intersecting fractures.