Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feminism and Its (DIS)contents: Criminalizing Wartime Rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Today many feminists seem relatively content with the treatment of rape and other sexual violence against women under international criminal law. In the context of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the early 1990s, feminist activists made a concerted effort to affect the statute establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the rules of evidence under which rape and other crimes of sexual violence would be prosecuted, the form the indictments of crimes of sexual violence would take, and the strategies and legal argumentation made at both the trial and the appellate levels. For the most part, much to the surprise of many feminists themselves, they have been successful. As Joanne Barkan comments: “From the start, most observers considered the [ICTY] a sop to human rights and feminist activists who wanted intervention. Almost no one expected it to succeed. And yet to some extent, at least for women, it did. ”
B.4 Source-Code Analysis Tool

A Guide to Understanding Covert Channel Analysis of Trusted Systems provides a set of good practices related to covert channel analysis. We have written this guide to help the vendor and evaluator communities understand the requirements for covert channel analysis as described in the Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC). In an effort to provide guidance, we make recommendations in this technical guide that are not cited in the TCSEC.
Good Young Nostalgia

The nostalgic consumption of images, which only a few years ago was practised mainly by adults, has lately become prevalent among Israeli teenage girls. Girls often describe themselves as ‘nostalgic’ and nostalgia has become a desired emotion. Unlike the nostalgia of former generations, this nostalgia is cumulative and not necessarily based on a strong dichotomous contrast between past and present. The transformation of nostalgia is closely related to developments in technology (the camera-phone and the internet) and in the possession-patterns of devices. Personal mobile phones are used by teenagers for production, archiving and consumption of documentary images on a daily basis. These images, not unrelated to those of mass media, are consumed by teenagers in order to evoke nostalgia and other emotions, as a technology of self. This trend also contributes to blur the ontic distinction between events and their representations.
Recovery of exact sparse representations in the presence of noise

The paper extends some recent results on sparse representations of signals in redundant bases developed in the noise-free case to the case of noisy observations. The type of question addressed so far is: given a (n,m)-matrix A with m>n and a vector b=Ax, find a sufficient condition for b to have a unique sparsest representation as a linear combination of the columns of A. The answer is a bound on the number of nonzero entries of, say, x/sub o/, that guarantees that x/sub o/ is the unique and sparsest solution of Ax=b with b=Ax/sub o/. We consider the case b=Ax/sub o/+e where x/sub o/ satisfies the sparsity conditions requested in the noise-free case and seek conditions on e, a vector of additive noise or modeling errors, under which x/sub o/ can be recovered from b in a sense to be defined.
A pleasure working together? The effects of dissimilarity in team member conscientiousness on team temporal processes and individual satisfaction

In this study of 43 student project teams, we tested a multi-level mediation model of the relationship between dissimilarity in conscientiousness, team temporal processes, and team member satisfaction. We distinguished between individual-level dissimilarity in conscientiousness (i.e., the distance between an individual member and his or her team mates), and team-level dissimilarity in conscientiousness (i.e., the overall dissimilarity within the team). Individual-level dissimilarity in conscientiousness had a direct negative effect on team members' satisfaction with the team, but did not affect their satisfaction with the team's performance. Team-level dissimilarity in conscientiousness indirectly affected both types of satisfaction negatively as it impeded early agreement about the temporal aspects of task execution, which, in turn, hindered coordinated action in later stages of team task execution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does Entrepreneurship Education Really Work? A Review and Methodological Critique of the Empirical Literature on the Effects of University‐Based Entrepreneurship Education

Does entrepreneurship education (E‐ed) really work to create business enterprise? We conducted a comprehensive review and methodological critique of the empirical research on the outcomes of university‐based E‐ed. We identified every empirical study conducted over the past decade, and found 12 that minimally met our methodologically “robust” (Storey Steps 4–6) standard. Our systematic critique of the studies' research methods found a variety of methodological weaknesses, undermining confidence in the belief that E‐ed can produce entrepreneurship. The implications for both practice and policy are discussed, and recommendations are made for conducting future E‐ed outcome research.
The Role of Interferon in the Management of BCG Refractory Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Background. Thirty to forty percent of patients with high grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) fail to respond to intravesical therapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Interferon-α2B plus BCG has been shown to be effective in a subset of patients with NMIBC BCG refractory disease. Here we present a contemporary series on the effectiveness and safety of intravesical BCG plus interferon-α2B therapy in patients with BCG refractory NMIBC. Methods. From January of 2005 to April of 2014 we retrospectively found 44 patients who underwent induction with combination IFN/BCG for the management of BCG refractory NMIBC. A chart review was performed to assess initial pathological stage/grade, pathological stage/grade at the time of induction, time to IFN/BCG failure, pathological stage/grade at failure, postfailure therapy, and current disease state. Results. Of the 44 patients who met criteria for the analysis. High risk disease was found in 88.6% of patients at induction. The 12-month and 24-month recurrence-free survival were 38.6% and 18.2%, respectively. 25 (56.8%) ultimately had disease recurrence. Radical cystectomy was performed in 16 (36.4%) patients. Conclusion. Combination BCG plus interferon-α2B remains a reasonably safe alternative treatment for select patients with BCG refractory disease prior to proceeding to radical cystectomy.
The Polis of `Global' Protest

Protests at recent international summit meetings have prompted assertions about `global protest' and `global civil society'. This article provides a detailed and contextualized analysis of the 2005 G8 summit in Scotland, focusing on the dynamic interplay between police and protestors. The authors argue that local variables were critical to the experience of this manifestation of `global protest'. Focusing on the policing of events in Edinburgh, they highlight the preconceptions and assumptions (frames) underpinning police operations and contribute to a more interactive understanding of police—protestor relations. Protest emerges in relation to the `polis' (simultaneously denoting both the political community and the police), and neglecting this relationship leads to incomplete analyses. In concluding, the authors consider the implications of their research for the policing of political protest.
“… We have learnt not just to sit back, twiddle our thumbs and let them take over.” Single‐sex settings and the development of a pedagogy for girls and a pedagogy for boys in Danish schools

ABSTRACT Teachers in the Danish co‐educational elementary school system (the ‘folkeskole’ with pupils from 7 to 16 years) who are involved in innovative pedagogical projects have used segregation as an organisational method in introducing and developing equal opportunities and anti‐sexist pedagogical initiatives. The idea of arranging single‐sex settings started out as a means to provide space for girls and to enhance their competence professionally as well as to empower them personally. In setting up ‘Project Girls’ Class—Boys’ Class’, an ongoing developmental project about gender equity, the teachers, a woman and a man, have mixed their two classes and segregated the girls and the boys for longer or shorter periods or for a whole term in certain subjects, thus giving them space and tutoring on their own terms. It started in 1987/88, when the pupils were 10‐11 years old. Here for the first time they were segregated for 2 months. The involved girls developed self‐confidence and prefer to be in their girls.
Long-Acting β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists Synergistically Enhance Glucocorticoid-Dependent Transcription in Human Airway Epithelial and Smooth Muscle Cells

Addition of an inhaled long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is more effective at improving asthma control and reducing exacerbations than increasing the dose of ICS. Given that LABA monotherapy is not anti-inflammatory, pathways may exist by which LABAs enhance ICS actions. In the current study, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone had no effect on β2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced cAMP-response element-dependent transcription in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In contrast, simple glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-dependent transcription induced by dexamethasone, budesonide, and fluticasone was synergistically enhanced by β2-adrenoceptor agonists, including salmeterol and formoterol, to a level that could not be achieved by glucocorticoid alone. This enhancement was mimicked by other cAMP-elevating agents, and a cAMP mimetic, and was blocked by an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Thus, β2-adrenoceptor agonists synergistically enhance simple GRE-dependent transcription via the classical cAMP-PKA pathway. Consistent with the clinical situation, the addition of a β2-adrenoceptor agonist to a glucocorticoid is steroid-sparing in that maximal GRE-dependent responses, evoked by glucocorticoid, are achieved at ∼10-fold lower concentrations in the presence of β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Finally, analysis of dexamethasone-inducible genes, including glucocorticoid-inducible leucine zipper (GILZ), aminopeptidase N, FKBP51, PAI-1, tristetraprolin, DNB5, p57KIP2, metallothionein 1X, and MKP-1, revealed enhanced inducibility of some genes by glucocorticoid/β2-adrenoceptor agonist combinations in a manner that was consistent with the GRE-reporter. Because such effects also occur in primary human airway smooth muscle cells, we propose that enhancement of glucocorticoid-inducible gene expression may contribute to the superior efficacy of LABA/ICS combination therapies, over ICS alone, in asthma treatment.
Multiple sign bits hiding for High Efficiency Video Coding

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the next-generation video coding standard currently under development, which has demonstrated substantial bit savings (rate reduction by approximately half) compared to H.264/AVC. This paper presents the multiple sign bits hiding scheme that was adopted into the committee draft of HEVC at the 8th JCT-VC meeting. In HEVC, the quantized transform coefficients are entropy-coded in groups of 16 coefficients for each transform unit. With multiple sign bits hiding, for coefficient groups that satisfy certain conditions, the sign of the first non-zero coefficient along the scanning path is not explicitly transmitted in the bitstream and instead is inferred from the parity of the sum of all non-zero coefficients in that coefficient group at the decoder. To ensure the matching between the hidden sign and the parity of the sum of all non-zero coefficients, a parity adjustment method is employed at the encoder based on rate-distortion optimization or distortion minimization. Compared with conventional video coding schemes where quantization and coefficient coding are separately designed, the multiple sign bits hiding scheme in HEVC represents a joint quantization and coefficient coding design and provides consistent rate-distortion performance gains for all standard test sequences under standard test conditions.
Tapping Into the Complexity

Drawing on ambivalent sexism and Chicana feminist theories, the purpose of the study was to explore ambivalent sexism and traditional relational scripts among a regional sample of 141 Hispanic young adults. Data derived from self-report questionnaires indicated that men scored higher on hostile sexism and traditional relational scripts but not on benevolent sexism. Structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood procedure was applied and path analyses indicated that, for both men and women, higher endorsement of benevolent and hostile sexism predicted higher traditional dating scripts and family roles. Gender made a difference only in relation to hostile sexism on traditional dating scripts, with men having a stronger association than women. Women’s strongest path was between hostile sexism and family scripts. We discuss these nuanced gendered differences between dating and family relationships as well as stereotypical gendered and cultural notions of Hispanic values. Implications are considered.
Suppression of MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) Biogenesis by Nuclear Factor 90-Nuclear Factor 45 Complex (NF90-NF45) Controls Cell Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma*

MicroRNA-7 (miR-7)has been characterized as an anti-oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism for the regulation of miR-7 production in tumors remains unclear. Here, we identified nuclear factor 90 (NF90) and NF45 complex (NF90-NF45) as negative regulators of miR-7 processing in HCC. Expression of NF90 and NF45 was significantly elevated in primary HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. To examine which miRNAs are controlled by NF90-NF45, we performed an miRNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses of HCC cell lines. Depletion of NF90 resulted in elevated levels of mature miR-7, whereas the expression of primary miR-7-1 (pri-miR-7-1) was decreased in cells following knockdown of NF90. Conversely, the levels of mature miR-7 were reduced in cells overexpressing NF90 and NF45, although pri-miR-7-1 was accumulated in the same cells. Furthermore, NF90-NF45 was found to bind pri-miR-7-1 in vitro. These results suggest that NF90-NF45 inhibits the pri-miR-7-1 processing step through the binding of NF90-NF45 to pri-miR-7-1. We also found that levels of the EGF receptor, an oncogenic factor that is a direct target of miR-7, and phosphorylation of AKT were significantly decreased in HCC cell lines depleted of NF90 or NF45. Of note, knockdown of NF90 or NF45 caused a reduction in the proliferation rate of HCC cells. Taken together, NF90-NF45 stimulates an elevation of EGF receptor levels via the suppression of miR-7 biogenesis, resulting in the promotion of cell proliferation in HCC.
Reflections on Theory, Method, and Practice in Comparative and International Education

I have been very fortunate in my professional life in many ways. One way is that I get paid, in part, to reflect on some of the significant issues of our day. Over the years, my views have evolved, shaped by what I have seen, discussed, experienced, read, and studied. I wish to take the opportunity afforded by this presidential address to reflect on what I believe and how I came to believe it. I hold strong views about our field of comparative and international education, views that often clash with the dominant modes of theory, method, and practice. In this address, I wish to explain what I see as fundamental flaws in some of these dominant modes of thinking and explore what some of the alternatives to those views are. I will begin by saying a few words about how I see the field of comparative and international education and then discuss theory, method, and practice in turn.
Remotely activated, vibrational magnetoelastic array system for controlling cell adhesion

A new system was designed to selectively control cellular adhesion to medical implants. The system is based on magnetoelastic (ME) materials that can be remotely set to generate mechanical vibrations at submicron levels with predetermined amplitude and frequency. Previous studies have demonstrated the capacity of these vibrations to control cellular adhesion at a substrate surface. In this work, an ME film with two conjoined strips was developed to investigate the potential of this system to provide region specific control of cellular adhesion. In vitro cell culture experiments performed with L929 fibroblasts indicate that cellular adhesion can be increased or decreased at different regions of the film by changing the frequency of the magnetic field.
Period–colour and amplitude–colour relations in classical Cepheid variables – II. The Galactic Cepheid models

In this paper, we construct full amplitude non-linear hydrodynamical models of fundamental mode Galactic Cepheids and analyse the resulting theoretical period-colour (PC) and amplitude-colour (AC) relations at maximum, mean and minimum light. These theoretical relations match the general form of the observed relations well. This agreement is, to some extent, independent of the mass-luminosity (ML) relations used, pulsation code, numerical techniques, details of the input physics and methods to convert theoretical quantities, such as bolometric luminosity and temperature, to observational quantities, such as V-band magnitudes or (V - I) colours. We show that the PC and AC properties of fundamental mode Galactic Cepheids with periods such that log (P) > 0.8 can be explained by a simple application of the Stefan-Boltzmann law and the interaction of the photosphere with the hydrogen ionization front (HIF). We discuss the implications of our results for explaining the behaviour of Galactic Cepheid PC and period-luminosity (PL) relations at mean light.
Using the persona to express complex emotions in music

This article begins by arguing for the persona theory of musical experience, which claims that when we hear music as expressive of emotions, we have a sense of a persona that is in some way attached to the emotional state. The author argues that the sense of persona underlies a number of different accountsof musical expression and is generally supported by the essential experiential content of emotions. The author then explores the ways in which the listener's sense of a persona may be exploited to allow the expression of complex emotions, focussing on the emotion of jealousy and, to that end, examining two cases where the expression of that emotion has been attempted by Janacek and Piazzolla.
So, What Did You Do Last Night? The Economics of Infidelity

This paper develops an economic analysis of infidelity concentrating on the question of how cheating behavior differs between men and women. We develop an expected utility model that borrows from evolutionary biology to form expectations regarding behavior towards infidelity. We use U.S. data from the General Social Survey (GSS) and a Probit model to assess some characteristics of the respondent and his or her spouse that determine the probability of having an extramarital affair. While biology may form basic preferences, some of our results are consistent with the view that people are able to act on more than their base biological instincts alone. Hence, economic theory has a role to play in the understanding of behavior relating to infidelity. More specifically, this study identifies age, social class, individual's own education and the spouse's educational attainment as underlying factors affecting infidelity behavior depending on gender. In general, we find that men and women respond differently to the costs and benefits of having an affair.
Divergent stereo for robot navigation: learning from bees

A qualitative approach to visually guided navigation based on the computation of optical flow field is presented. The approach is based on the use of two cameras mounted on a mobile robot and with the optical axis directed in opposite directions, such that the two visual fields do not overlap (divergent stereo). Range computation is based on the computation of the apparent image speed on images acquired during the robot's motion. An example of reflex-type control of motion, driven by differential estimation of the flow field measured by the two eyes, is presented. It is shown how a difficult task like navigating through a funneled corridor with obstacles is possible without the need for metric depth estimation. <<ETX>>
Sex Differences in Desired Characteristics of Short-Term and Long-Term Relationship Partners

This investigation compared women's and men's desired characteristics in partners for typical short-term ('dating someone more than once' without an expectation of a short- or long-term relationship) and long-term ('dating someone for a long time' with the possibility, but not certainty, of marriage) relationships. Results indicated that (a) both women and men are more selective when selecting a long-term rather than a short-term relationship partner, and (b) women and men differ in their desired characteristics for short-term relationship partners and long-term relationship partners. The preferred characteristics of each sex support a qualified differential parental investment perspective: men see `reproductive value' (e.g., physical attractiveness) as important for potential female partners, and women look at `resource acquisition ability' (e.g., earning capacity) as important for potential male partners. While there were significant differences between men and women in their desired characteristics in short- and long-term relationship partners, there were many similarities in what they seek, such as the desire for children in long-term partners and an exciting personality in short-term and long-term partners.
The Learning and Retention of Two Classes of Graphic Words: High-Frequency Nouns and Non-Noun Words among Kindergarten Children.

AbstractThis study investigated the relative effectiveness of learning and degree of retention of two classes of graphic words: nouns and non-nouns. The subjects were a random sample of kindergarten children (forty boys and forty girls). Four graphic stimuli were randomly selected and assigned to each child from either Moe’s (19) list of 100 high-frequency nouns, or from his list of 100 high- frequency non-noun words. The nouns were learned and retained more efficiently than the non-noun words (p> .001). A post hoc comparison revealed that fewer children failed to learn the nouns than the non-noun words (P> 05).
Mungiki as youth movement

Like many other African countries, Kenya has a large and growing youth population. Some of the youths are mobilized into militant and political networks; one of these is the Mungiki movement. The article explores Mungiki’s combination of politics, religion and Kikuyu traditions. Using the examples of snuff tobacco, revolutionary talk and generational exclusion, it is argued that one way of understanding the connection between the various elements is to look at specific youth practices that cut across apparently separate activities. This reveals that youth in the Mungiki discourse is a highly gendered concept.