Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Islamic versus conventional banks: a comparative analysis on capital structure

This study highlights differences across Islamic and conventional banks, with a particular focus on the determinants of their capital structure. Islamic finance surely forbids debt-based funding but it is an open question whether Islamic banks prefer internal funds or external resources. The study provides empirical support for the fact that Islamic banks, in contrast to their conventional peers, rely more on their own equity rather than on external finance including loss-profit-sharing deposits. The analysis also puts in evidence that Islamic and conventional banks can be differentiated on the basis of assets tangibility and dividend payout and not in terms of profitability, asset liquidity and credit default. Among these factors, only profitability and size influence the equity-to-asset ratio in both kinds of banks.
Analysis of the implementation of ISO 9000 quality assurance systems

Examines the literature relating to the implementation of quality assurance systems and then uses a questionnaire to a number of organisations and consultants to compare “practice” with “theory”. Analyses the implementation process for quality assurance systems designed to meet the requirements of the ISO 9000 standard to identify the role of the different “actors” to find out which factors facilitate the implementation or make it more difficult. Suggests that the primary motivation for introducing ISO 9000 systems is to improve image and reputation rather than processes.
Voters’ Commitment Problem and Welfare-Program Reforms

This paper proposes that reforms by vote-seeking governments and the existence of reform-adverse voters are logically compatible. This results from a commitment problem on the part of voters. Due to economic voting voters cannot credibly commit to reelect a non-reforming government during a recession. The empirical implication of this voter commitment mechanism is that governments only adopt visible welfare-program reforms during economic lows, which is what the empirical political-economic literature has established.
Exercise, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in the Treatment of Depression: Broadening the Scientific Perspectives and Clinical Opportunities

Research exploring links between exercise and depression now span several decades, yet several clinically relevant research questions remain unanswered. This opinion article briefly describes the status of selected research issues from the exercise depression literature and offer insights into research areas that are currently lacking. We draw particular attention to the potential of research exploring links between sedentary behavior and depression.
Impacts of Traffic Congestion on Regional Production Efficiency: Cases of U.S. Urban Area

IMPACTS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON REGIONAL PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY: CASES OF U.S. URBAN AREA Junyang Yuan, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2014 Dissertation Director: Kenneth J. Button This dissertation aims to provide another way to evaluate traffic congestion’s impacts on regional economy besides of traditional method of calculating congestion costs in terms of traffic delay and wasted fuel which has encountered considerable critiques on debatable definition and measurement of both benchmark speed and value of time. To additionally measure traffic congestion’s indirect and long-term influences, an econometric approach is applied in this study. Since traffic congestion should be considered as a factor that may affect the efficiency of production procedure rather than a direct input in production function, a two-step approach is implemented here. Initially, a Translog production function model with three inputs is applied to calculate the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth. Sequentially, regression analysis is conducted to detect traffic congestion’s impacts on TFP growth. To comprehensively investigate congestion’s influences, a stochastic frontier analysis is further introduced to decompose the TFP growth into technical change, scale efficiency change and technical efficiency change. The relationship between traffic congestion and each component of TFP growth is then probed into. To verify the results from the parametric analysis, a non-parametric analysis
Toxicity and Horizontal Transfer of Chlorantraniliprole in the Eastern Subterranean Termite

ABSTRACT Toxicity and horizontal transmission of chlorantraniliprole were measured against field-collected eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Chlorantraniliprole was highly toxic to termite workers in brief and continuous exposure assays across a range of concentrations from 5 to 100 ppm. All doses tested resulted in 100% mortality in the termites in 14 d. The effect of exposure route (topical, oral, or both) was investigated by exposing termites to treated substrate only, treated food only, or both. Results indicate that exposure route has no significant effect on chlorantraniliprole toxicity and demonstrate that chlorantraniliprole is highly active by feeding and contact. Results of feeding assays (paper consumption tests) demonstrate that as little as 5-ppm chlorantraniliprole applied to sand prevents termites from consuming cellulose that is in contact with the treated sand. Termites on untreated soil consumed 79 ± 3% of the available paper in 3 d, whereas termites on chlorantraniliprole-treated did not consume any paper before they became symptomatic and died. Results of transfer tests demonstrate that chlorantraniliprole is transferred efficiently among the termites. The rate and the level of secondary mortality in the recipient termites depend on both the concentration of chlorantraniliprole and the duration of exposure in the donors. Little secondary mortality was observed with the lowest dose of 5 ppm, which was effective at killing the donor termites, but insufficient to cause mortality in the recipient termites. In contrast, highly efficient transfer was observed with 25 and 50 ppm chlorantraniliprole. Both doses resulted in 100% mortality in the donors and the recipients at 21 d after exposing the recipients to the treated donors. These data demonstrate that chlorantraniliprole has dose-independent toxicity, delayed toxicity, and is readily transferred in eastern subterranean termites.
An environment-friendly preparation of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets via amino acid

Chemically modified graphene has been studied in many applications due to its excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Among the chemically modified graphenes, reduced graphene oxide is the most important for its structure and properties, which are similar to pristine graphene. Here, we introduce an environment-friendly approach for preparation of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets through the reduction of graphene oxide that employs L-cysteine as the reductant under mild reaction conditions. The conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide nanosheets produced in this way increases by about 106 times in comparison to that of graphene oxide. This is the first report about using amino acids as a reductant for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets, and this procedure offers an alternative route to large-scale production of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for applications that require such material.
PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS FOR SUCCESSFUL PUBLIC-SECTOR DESIGN-BUILD

The use of design-build project procurement is rapidly increasing in the public sector. Documented design-build success and imminent changes in federal procurement law are indicators of continued large-scale growth in the public sector. Rapid growth, combined with a lack of long-term experience among many public agencies, necessitates continued investigation of the underlying principles of design-build. Understanding which project characteristics are critical for success is fundamental for improved public agency implementation. To this end, a comprehensive research study was conducted on public-sector selection of design-build. This paper discusses results from a survey of 88 public-sector design-build personnel and structured interviews of federal agency representatives. Five primary project characteristics are discussed: well-defined scope, shared understanding of scope, owner construction sophistication, adequate owner staffing, and established budget. These suggest selection of design-build as an appropriate delivery strategy for successful project completion. Additionally, this paper addresses public-sector criteria of success; these include: staying on budget, conforming to user's expectations, and staying on schedule.
The effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on delayed rectifier potassium currents in gastric antral circular myocytes of the guinea-pig.

C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) play an inhibitory role in smooth muscle motility of the gastrointestinal tract, but the effect of CNP on delayed rectifier potassium currents is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of CNP on delayed rectifier potassium currents and its mechanism by using conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique in guinea-pig gastric myocytes isolated by collagenase. CNP significantly inhibited delayed rectifier potassium currents [I(K (V))] in dose-dependent manner, and CNP inhibited the peak current elicited by depolarized step pulse to 86.1+/-1.6 % (n=7, P<0.05), 78.4+/-2.6 % (n=10, P<0.01) and 67.7+/-2.3 % (n=14, P<0.01), at concentrations of 0.01 micromol/l, 0.1 micromol/l and 1 micromol/l, respectively, at +60 mV. When the cells were preincubated with 0.1 micromol/l LY83583, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, the 1 ? micromol/l CNP-induced inhibition of I(K (V)) was significantly impaired but when the cells were preincubated with 0.1 micromol/l zaprinast, a cGMP-sensitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor, the 0.01 micromol/l CNP-induced inhibition of I(K (V)) was significantly potentiated. 8-Br-cGMP, a membrane permeable cGMP analogue mimicked inhibitory effect of CNP on I(K (V)). CNP-induced inhibition of I(K (V)) was completely blocked by KT5823, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). The results suggest that CNP inhibits the delayed rectifier potassium currents via cGMP-PKG signal pathway in the gastric antral circular myocytes of the guinea-pig.
Prognostic value of circulating melanoma cells detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

PURPOSE Factors that are predictive of prognosis in patients who are diagnosed with malignant melanoma (MM) are widely awaited. Detection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has recently been postulated as a possible negative prognostic factor. Two main questions were addressed: first, whether the presence of CMCs, defined as the patient being positive for any of the three markers, had a prognostic role; and second, what the predictive value of each individual marker was. PATIENTS AND METHODS A consecutive series of 200 melanoma patients observed between January 1997 and December 1997, with stage of disease ranging from I to IV, was analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Tyrosinase, p97, and MelanA/MART1 were used as markers to CMCs on baseline peripheral blood samples. Progression-free survival (PFS) was used as a unique end point and was described by the product limit method. Multivariable analysis was applied to verify whether the auspicated prognostic value of these markers was independent of the stage of disease, and a subgroup analysis was performed that excluded patients with stage IV disease. RESULTS Overall, 32% (64 of 200) of patients progressed, and a median PFS of 52 months in the whole series was observed. The presence of CMCs and the markers individually or combined was predictive of prognosis in the univariate analysis but did not provide additional prognostic information to the stage of disease in multivariable models. In the subgroup analysis of stage (ie, I-III subgroup), similar results were observed. CONCLUSION Detection of CMCs in peripheral blood samples at the time of MM diagnosis by semiquantitative RT-PCR does not add any significant predictive value to the stage of disease. Thus, this approach should not be used in clinical practice, and further studies are required to determine its usefulness.
Primary Care Providers’ Perspectives on Online Weight-Loss Programs: A Big Wish List

Background Integrating online weight-loss programs into the primary care setting could yield substantial public health benefit. Little is known about primary care providers’ perspectives on online weight-loss programs. Objective To assess primary care providers’ perspectives on online weight-loss programs. Methods We conducted focus group discussions with providers in family medicine, internal medicine, and combined internal medicine/pediatrics in Texas and Pennsylvania, USA. Open-ended questions addressed their experience with and attitudes toward online weight-loss programs; useful characteristics of existing online weight-loss programs; barriers to referring patients to online weight-loss programs; and preferred characteristics of an ideal online weight-loss program. Transcripts were analyzed with the grounded theory approach to identify major themes. Results A total of 44 primary care providers participated in 9 focus groups. The mean age was 45 (SD 9) years. Providers had limited experience with structured online weight-loss programs and were uncertain about their safety and efficacy. They thought motivated, younger patients would be more likely than others to respond to an online weight-loss program. According to primary care providers, an ideal online weight-loss program would provide—at no cost to the patient—a structured curriculum addressing motivation, psychological issues, and problem solving; tools for tracking diet, exercise, and weight loss; and peer support monitored by experts. Primary care providers were interested in receiving reports about patients from the online weight-loss programs, but were concerned about the time required to review and act on the reports. Conclusions Primary care providers have high expectations for how online weight-loss programs should deliver services to patients and fit into the clinical workflow. Efforts to integrate online weight-loss programs into the primary care setting should address efficacy and safety of online weight-loss programs in clinic-based populations; acceptable methods of sending reports to primary care providers about their patients’ progress; and elimination or reduction of costs to patients.
Blurred Boundaries: Social Media Privacy and the Twenty‐First‐Century Employee

This paper discusses the future of employee privacy in social media.Part I reviews the extant legal landscape with an emphasis on three general areas of employer activity related to employees’ online activities: (1) monitoring and surveillance of employee social media profiles, (2) evaluation of applicants’ social media profiles and online speech in making hiring decisions, and (3) limiting employees’ off-duty online activities.Part II reports the results of an empirical research project into the expectations of young employees regarding the role of social media in the workplace. We asked respondents about a wide range of topics related to social media, such as the extent of personal information they post online, the privacy-protective measures they employ on social media sites, their level of concern regarding their privacy online, and their attitudes and expectations regarding the use of social media in the workplace. Despite granting employers access to information about their private lives by participating online, respondents expect that work life and private life should be generally segregated — and that actions in one domain should not affect the other.Guided by the survey findings and legal examples from international jurisdictions, in Part III we offer workable recommendations designed to protect employees’ desire to maintain some separation between personal and professional contexts.
The Transcription Factor Wilms Tumor 1 Confers Resistance in Myeloid Leukemia Cells against the Proapoptotic Therapeutic Agent TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor α-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand) by Regulating the Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-xL*

Background: Tumor necrosis factor α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance in leukemia is not fully understood. Results: shRNA-targeted knockdown of WT1 oncogene sensitizes TRAIL-resistant leukemia cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. Conclusion: WT1 expression mediates TRAIL resistance in leukemia cells by inducing antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Significance: Approaches to silence WT1 expression can be exploited to overcome TRAIL resistance in myeloid leukemias. Tumor necrosis factor α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered a promising cancer therapeutic agent due to its ability to induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells, while sparing normal cells. However, many human tumors including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are partially or completely resistant to monotherapy with TRAIL, limiting its therapeutic utility. Therefore, identification of factors that contribute to TRAIL resistance may facilitate future development of more effective TRAIL-based cancer therapies. Here, we report a previously unknown role for WT1 in mediating TRAIL resistance in leukemia. Knockdown of WT1 with shRNA rendered TRAIL-resistant myeloid leukemia cells sensitive to TRAIL-induced cell death, and re-expression of shRNA-resistant WT1 restored TRAIL resistance. Notably, TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in WT1-silenced cells was largely due to down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Moreover, WT1 expression strongly correlated with overexpression of Bcl-xL in AML cell lines and blasts from AML patients. Furthermore, we found that WT1 transactivates Bcl-xL by directly binding to its promoter. We previously showed that WT1 is a novel client protein of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Consistent with this, pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 resulted in reduced WT1 and Bcl-xL expression leading to increased sensitivity of leukemia cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, our results suggest that WT1-dependent Bcl-xL overexpression contributes to TRAIL resistance in myeloid leukemias.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Activity Bound to Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) Receptor, which Is Continuously Sustained by IGF-I Stimulation, Is Required for IGF-I-induced Cell Proliferation*

Background: Continuous insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I stimulation is required for the induction of IGF-I mitogenic activity. Results: Continuous IGF-I stimulation induced prolonged association of PI3K with IGF-IR, and PI3K activity bound to IGF-IR was essential for IGF-I-induced cell proliferation. Conclusion: The IGF-IR-PI3K complex mediates prolonged IGF-I signals leading to cell proliferation. Significance: This is the first report revealing components mediating prolonged IGF-I signals. Continuous stimulation of cells with insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in G1 phase is a well established requirement for IGF-induced cell proliferation; however, the molecular components of this prolonged signaling pathway that is essential for cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase are unclear. IGF-I activates IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) tyrosine kinase, followed by phosphorylation of substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) leading to binding of signaling molecules containing SH2 domains, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to IRS and activation of the downstream signaling pathways. In this study, we found prolonged (>9 h) association of PI3K with IGF-IR induced by IGF-I stimulation. PI3K activity was present in this complex in thyrocytes and fibroblasts, although tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS was not yet evident after 9 h of IGF-I stimulation. IGF-I withdrawal in mid-G1 phase impaired the association of PI3K with IGF-IR and suppressed DNA synthesis the same as when PI3K inhibitor was added. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tyr1316-X-X-Met of IGF-IR functioned as a PI3K binding sequence when this tyrosine is phosphorylated. We then analyzed IGF signaling and proliferation of IGF-IR−/− fibroblasts expressing exogenous mutant IGF-IR in which Tyr1316 was substituted with Phe (Y1316F). In these cells, IGF-I stimulation induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-IR and IRS-1/2, but mutated IGF-IR failed to bind PI3K and to induce maximal phosphorylation of GSK3β and cell proliferation in response to IGF-I. Based on these results, we concluded that PI3K activity bound to IGF-IR, which is continuously sustained by IGF-I stimulation, is required for IGF-I-induced cell proliferation.
Cross-section estimation of US demand for alcoholic beverage

A flexible limited dependent variable model is used to examine US demand for alcoholic beverage. Parameterization and distributional assumptions of the double hurdle model (Cragg, 1971) and tobit model (Tobin, 1958) are rejected. Findings suggest that price, income, household composition and other characteristics have significant effects on alcohol consumption. Income and own-price elasticities are significant but relatively small.
Vasculogenic and Angiogenic Pathways in Moyamoya Disease.

BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a slowly progressing steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease. The typical moyamoya vessels, which originate from an initial stenosis of the internal carotid, highlight that increased and/or abnormal angiogenic, vasculogenic and arteriogenic processes are involved in the disease pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the most important signaling pathways involved in MMD vessel formation, particularly focusing on the expression of growth factors and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Higher plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase, hepatocyte growth factor, and interleukin-1β were reported in MMD. A specific higher level of basic fibroblast growth factor was also found in the cerebrospinal fluid of these patients. Finally, the number and the functionality of EPCs were found to be increased. In spite of the available data, the approaches and findings reported so far do not give an evident correlation between the expression levels of the aforementioned growth factors and MMD severity. Furthermore, the controversial results provided by studies on EPCs, do not permit to understand the true involvement of these cells in MMD pathophysiology. CONCLUSION Further studies should thus be implemented to extend our knowledge on processes regulating both the arterial stenosis and the excessive formation of collateral vessels. Moreover, we suggest advances of integrated approaches and functional assays to correlate biological and clinical data, arguing for the development of new therapeutic applications for MMD.