Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role Overload and Prescription Stimulant Use among College Students

Previous research has found that prescription stimulant use on college campuses has increased in recent years although estimates of the actual amount of stimulant use vary. Studies have also found that the motives for stimulant abuse vary with some individuals indicating they use prescription stimulants for academic purposes while others use them for recreational purposes. Today, the student role includes academic, organizational involvement, and social expectations. Students, who have difficulty meeting the multiple obligations placed upon them by the student role are said to be experiencing role strain. One type of role strain is role overload, which occurs when people feel that they do not have the time or emotional capability to adequately fulfill their role. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between role overload and prescription stimulant use among Butler students. Data was collected using a survey administered to 175 students. Role overload was measured using an adapted version of an index created by Reilly (1982) to measure role overload among working mothers. Prescription stimulant use was measured by asking respondents whether or not they used certain prescription stimulants. Respondents were also asked about their frequency of use, motives for use, and how they acquired prescription stimulants. Results indicated that 21.7% of the respondents had used prescription stimulants in the past. The most common motivations for use were improved attention/ concentration and improved study habits. While no significant relationship between role overload and stimulant drug use was found, prescription stimulant users experiencing role overload were more likely indicate that their use was motivated by the desire to get higher grades. The link between substance abuse and college students has been studied frequently by social scientists. Alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit substances are among the drugs studied over the years. The earliest studies of the relationship between college students and substance abuse investigated drinking behavior and discovered a strong correlation between college life and binge
Multi-PV inverter utility interconnection evaluations

Utility-interconnected Photovoltaic (PV) systems are quickly becoming a mainstay in today's energy portfolio and will conceivably achieve a level of penetration where operation and performance of these devices is likely to influence the operation of area electric power systems (EPS). To achieve this, PV systems need to harvest all available energy from the solar resource, channel this energy and convert it to usable power, and provide a high level of performance and interoperability all while maintaining a level of confidence and reliability that fulfill the vested interest in PV technology. High penetration of PV systems is realized through two distinctly different approaches; a high number of small residential PV systems at a given locality, or the more influential approach of a centralized PV power station, where a multi-megawatt PV installation is comprised by numerous commercial-sized inverters. This report is focused on the interaction of multiple residential utility-interconnected PV systems connected to a single distribution transformer. Four residential inverters have been connected to a point of common coupling (PCC) along with a single RLC load that will absorb the real power and provide a resonant tank circuit tuned to 60 Hz to be used for evaluating loss of utility. Determination of the interoperability in a high penetration configuration will be evaluated in a laboratory setting at Sandia National Laboratories' Distributed Energy Technologies Laboratory. The evaluations will focus on power quality, start up/shutdown routines, utility compatibility, and loss of utility functions. The direct current (dc) source will be provided by a Programmable Photovoltaic simulator that is designed to provide dc power with settable irradiance and module temperature conditions. An alternating current (ac) utility simulator will provide the necessary anomalies on the ac line to investigate the responses of the inverters under test.
Thinking About Children

At his death in 1971, Donald Winnicott left unpublished a large number of papers, lectures and other writings which spanned his career of over forty years as a psychoanalyst and pediatrician. Since then, these have been published in several volumes, initially with guidance from Winnicott's widow Clare, who died in 1984.Thinking About Children was published to coincide with the centenary of Winnicott's birth in 1896. It collects thirty-one papers, of which twenty-eight have never previously been published in volume form, together with three papers from The Child and the Outside World which were not published in the omnibus volume The Child, The Family and the Outside World. As might be expected, they range widely in tone and content from concise clinical observations to more general meditations including the landmark paper "Towards an objective study of human nature". Of particular interest are sections on autism and psychosomatics, where Winnicott's thinking can be seen to foreshadow more recent developments, such as Frances Tustin's work on autism. He also discusses adoption, starting school and the child's relation to the family - topics which are relevant now as they were during his lifetime.Also included is a comprehensive bibliography of Winnicott's writings compiled by Harry Karnac. This marks the first occasion on which this invaluable resource has been made available to a wider public. Together with a substantial introduction by the editors, it makes this book indispensable for those acquainted with Winnicott's work, and an ideal introduction for those who have not yet encountered the extraordinary clarity and depth of his thought.
Localization and local translation of Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA at synapses: some observations and paradoxes

Arc is a unique immediate early gene whose expression is induced as synapses are being modified during learning. The uniqueness comes from the fact that newly synthesized Arc mRNA is rapidly transported throughout dendrites where it localizes near synapses that were recently activated. Here, we summarize aspects of Arc mRNA translation in dendrites in vivo, focusing especially on features of its expression that are paradoxical or that donot fit in with current models of how Arc protein operates. Findings from in vivo studies that donot quite fit include: (1) Following induction of LTP in vivo, Arc mRNA and protein localize near active synapses, but are also distributed throughout dendrites. In contrast, Arc mRNA localizes selectively near active synapses when stimulation is continued as Arc mRNA is transported into dendrites; (2) Strong induction of Arc expression as a result of a seizure does not lead to a rundown of synaptic efficacy in vivo as would be predicted by the hypothesis that high levels of Arc cause glutamate receptor endocytosis and LTD. (3) Arc protein is synthesized in the perinuclear cytoplasm rapidly after transcriptional activation, indicating that at least a pool of Arc mRNA is not translationally repressed to allow for dendritic delivery; (4) Increases in Arc mRNA in dendrites are not paralleled by increases in levels of exon junction complex (EJC) proteins. These results of studies of mRNA trafficking in neurons in vivo provide a new perspective on the possible roles of Arc in activity-dependent synaptic modifications.
“I Have No Clue What I Drunk Last Night” Using Smartphone Technology to Compare In-Vivo and Retrospective Self-Reports of Alcohol Consumption

Aim This research compared real-time measurements of alcohol consumption with retrospective accounts of alcohol consumption to examine possible discrepancies between, and contextual influences on, the different accounts. Method Building on previous investigations, a specifically designed Smartphone technology was utilized to measure alcohol consumption and contextual influences in de facto real-time. Real-time data (a total of 10,560 data points relating to type and number of drinks and current social / environmental context) were compared with daily and weekly retrospective accounts of alcohol consumption. Results Participants reported consuming more alcoholic drinks during real-time assessment than retrospectively. For daily accounts a higher number of drinks consumed in real-time was related to a higher discrepancy between real-time and retrospective accounts. This effect was found across all drink types but was not shaped by social and environmental contexts. Higher in-vivo alcohol consumption appeared to be related to a higher discrepancy in retrospectively reported weekly consumption for alcohol beverage types other than wine. When including contextual factors into the statistical models, being with two or more friends (as opposed to being alone) decreased the discrepancy between real-time and retrospective reports, whilst being in the pub (relative to being at home) was associated with greater discrepancies. Conclusions Overall, retrospective accounts may underestimate the amount of actual, real-time alcohol consumed. Increased consumption may also exacerbate differences between real-time and retrospective accounts. Nonetheless, this is not a global effect as environmental and social contexts interact with the type of alcohol consumed and the time frame given for reporting (weekly vs. daily retrospective). A degree of caution therefore appears warranted with regards to the use of retrospective self-report methods of recording alcohol consumption. Whilst real-time sampling is unlikely to be completely error free, it may be better able to account for social and environmental influences on self-reported consumption.
A quantitative controlled MRI study of the brain in 28 persons with Asperger syndrome

Background: As structural brain abnormalities have been reported in infantile autism, the aim of this study was to determine whether such findings also exist in Asperger Syndrome (AS). Methods: The diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome was based on the criteria in ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed with a 1.5 T imager. T2-weighted axial and coronal slices and T1- weighted three dimensional sagittal slices were obtained and visual and quantitative analysis were performed. Subjects: There were 28 Asperger individuals, 17 children and adolescents (age 6–19 years, mean 12.4 years), 11 adults (age 20–60 years, mean 37. 9 years) and 28 healthy age and gender matched controls. Results: Mild inconsistent alterations were detected in 13/28 of the individuals with Asperger Syndrome compared to 6/23 in the comparable controls. There were no differences between the right and left hemispheres, nor was there any abnormality in terms of myelination or migration. The anterior-posterior diameters of the mesencephalon were statistically significantly shorter in the Asperger syndrome individuals than in the controls. Conclusions: No consistent focal brain abnormalities for Asperger Syndrome were detected. The reduced diameters of the mesencephalon in the Asperger group support the hypothesis that the mesencephalon may be involved in the pathogenesis of Asperger Syndrome.
Regulation of Retinoid X Receptor Responsive Element-Dependent Transcription in T Lymphocytes by Ser/Thr Phosphatases: Functional Divergence of Protein Kinase C (PKC)θ and PKCα in Mediating Calcineurin-Induced Transactivation1

T lymphocyte activation signals regulate the expression and transactivation function of retinoid X receptor (RXR) α through an interplay of complex signaling cascades that are not yet fully understood. We show that cellular Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PPs) play an important role in mediating these processes. Inhibitors specific for PP1 and PP2A decreased basal expression of RXRα RNA and protein in T lymphocyte leukemia Jurkat cells and prevented activation-induced RXRα accumulation in these cells. In addition, these inhibitors attenuated the RXR responsive element (RXRE)-dependent transcriptional activation in transient transfection assays. Inhibitors of calcineurin (CN), by contrast, did not have any effect on the basal RXRα expression and even augmented activation-induced RXRα expression. Expression of a dominant-active (DA) mutant of CN together with a DA mutant of protein kinase C (PKC)θ, a novel PKC isoform, significantly increased RXRE-dependent transcription. Expression of catalytically inactive PKCθ or a dominant-negative mutant of PKCθ failed to synergize with CN and did not increase RXRE-dependent transcription. Expression of a DA mutant of PKCα or treatment with PMA was found to attenuate PKCθ and CN synergism. We conclude that PP1, PP2A, and CN regulate levels and transcriptional activation function of RXRα in T cells. In addition, CN synergizes with PKCθ to induce RXRE-dependent activation, a cooperative function that is antagonized by the activation of the conventional PKCα isoform. Thus, PKCθ and PKCα may function as positive and negative modulators, respectively, of CN-regulated RXRE-dependent transcription during T cell activation.
Habitat fragmentation causes immediate and time-delayed biodiversity loss at different trophic levels

Intensification or abandonment of agricultural land use has led to a severe decline of semi-natural habitats across Europe. This can cause immediate loss of species but also time-delayed extinctions, known as the extinction debt. In a pan-European study of 147 fragmented grassland remnants, we found differences in the extinction debt of species from different trophic levels. Present-day species richness of long-lived vascular plant specialists was better explained by past than current landscape patterns, indicating an extinction debt. In contrast, short-lived butterfly specialists showed no evidence for an extinction debt at a time scale of c. 40 years. Our results indicate that management strategies maintaining the status quo of fragmented habitats are insufficient, as time-delayed extinctions and associated co-extinctions will lead to further biodiversity loss in the future.
Enhancing University Business Curriculum Using an Importance-Performance Approach: A Case Study of the Business Management Faculty of a University in Malaysia.

Purpose – This study seeks to investigate the potential gap between important dimensions of business graduates' attributes and the actual performance of these graduates in their post‐graduate employment. These graduates have completed a business‐related degree from the business management faculty of a higher education institution (HEI) located in Peninsular Malaysia. The dimensions of attributes and the performance of these graduates are considered in four broad areas, namely, knowledge, skills, abilities, and personality.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire seeking responses from managers reflecting their importance ratings of essential attributes for business graduates, and the corresponding performance ratings of the graduates in these attributes, was distributed to managers of all companies employing the graduates from the business school. Importance‐performance analysis was used to evaluate the managers' perceptions of these graduates and to determine their actual performance. The graduates'.
The Relationship between the Employees’ Organizational Justice Perceptions and Mobbing Behavior / Çalışanların Örgütsel Adalet Algıları ile Psikolojik Yıldırma Davranışı (Mobbing) Arasındaki İlişki

The objective of this study is to clarify the relationship between the employees’ organizational justice perception levels and mobbing behavior. In order to test the hypotheses, a questionnaire was administered to 334 employees in two firms from automotive supply and furniture industries in Turkey. Distributive, interactional and, procedural approaches to justice were considered in terms of organizational justice perceptions, while mobbing was handled in terms of dimensions such as preventing the individual from communicating and expressing himself, attacks against the individual’s social relationships, reputation, professional and life quality, and financial and physical damage towards the individual. The results revealed that there is a moderate relationship (r: -567) between organizational justice and mobbing. In specific words, the employees’ mobbing behavior tends to decline, as their levels of organizational justice perception rise.
Profiling Discourse Participants: Forms and functions in Spanish conversation and debates

The construction of discourse is a challenging field where many discourse structures and interactional effects remain poorly understood. This analysis provides a systematic explanation for the way in which discourse participants (speaker and hearer) are construed in Spanish through a corpus-driven analysis of informal conversation, TV-debates and parliamentary debates. It deals not only with person deixis, but with the full range of possibilities speakers choose from when profiling their self or their relationship with the interlocutor. This analysis also offers new insights into the operationalization of the concepts of subjectivity and intersubjectivity as tools for the analysis of person reference and genre comparison. The comparative and corpus-driven approach offers methodological tools for genre analysis that can be transposed to other languages and/or genres. The detailed description of three socially highly relevant discourse types from a cognitive-functional perspective makes this book a useful resource not only for pragmatists but also for researchers in political and media discourse.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production by oligodendrocytes

It has been previously demonstrated that microglia and astrocytes produce micromolar amounts of nitric oxide in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that primary rat oligodendrocytes can be stimulated to produce iNOS mRNA as detected by Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis and a 131‐kDa iNOS protein by Western blot analysis; protein was also detected in cells by single‐ and double‐label immunohistochemistry for iNOS and the oligodendrocyte‐specific marker CNPase. NO/NOS are produced as a consequence of activation of the gene encoding the inducible nitric oxide synthase as determined by inhibition with actinomycin D and cyclohexamide. The iNOS is functional, leading to calcium/calmodulin‐independent NO production in these in vitro cultures. J. Neurosci. Res. 48:372–384, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Taxonomy of mHealth Apps -- Security and Privacy Concerns

With the increasing use of smartphones for healthcare purposes, more and more people now share their personal healthcare information using a variety of applications. The vast number of existing mobile health (mHealth) applications creates a serious problem for users, as often times they are unaware of how their data are managed and used. We propose a taxonomy incorporating the most significant security and privacy aspects of mHealth applications. This artifact can help outline some of the problems related to creating and downloading mHealth applications. The taxonomy was tested with 38 top-rated Android and iOS healthcare applications. Results of the evaluation suggest that having a unified mechanism to categorize mHealth applications with respect to security and privacy is important and can be beneficial. This study contributes to literature, as it builds upon prior work and adds knowledge to a still new and relatively unexplored domain such as mobile healthcare.
Low Iodine Diet in I-131 Ablation of Thyroid Remnants

A low-iodine diet was developed for used in decreasing iodine intake and excretion in patients undergoing evaluation with radioactive I-131 for ablation of thyroid remnants as treatment for thyroid cancer. It has been demonstrated to effectively lower iodine excretion to less than 25% of basal values. Preliminary calculations suggest that such iodine depletion may be potentially useful in increasing the radiation dose per mCi of administered activity in I-131 ablative therapy.
What Determines Forecasters’ Forecasting Errors?

This paper contributes to the growing body of literature in macroeconomics and finance on expectation formation and information processing by analyzing the relationship between expectation formation at the individual level and the prediction of macroeconomic aggregates. Using information from business tendency surveys, we present a new approach of analyzing forecasters’ qualitative forecasting errors. Based on a quantal response approach with misclassification, we define forecasters’ qualitative mispredictions in terms of deviations from the qualitative rational expectation forecast, and relate them to the individual and macro factors that are driving these mispredictions. Our approach permits a detailed analysis of individual forecasting decisions, allowing for the introduction of individual and economy-wide determinants that affect the individual forecasting error process.
Relationship between the Development of Language and Thought in Young Blind Children

The relationship between the development of object permanence and early words was studied in three young boys, two totally blind from birth and one severely visually impaired. Auditory and tactile tasks analogous to traditional visual object-permanence tasks were presented to the children at monthly intervals, and their first 50 words and the context in which the words were said were recorded by their mothers and collected monthly. All three boys acquired early words within the age range for sighted children, but their usage of the words was different. The two blind boys but not the visually impaired boy were delayed in their development of object permanence. The relationship between the acquisition of early words and the development of object permanence suggests that the emergence of language is not dependent on a stable understanding of the existence and permanence of objects.
Prejudice and Discrimination: Exploring Their Origins and Understanding Their Nature

Recent decades have seen a very large amount of research on intergroup relations [Moreland, Hogg, & Hains, 1994]. Work in this area has explored topics ranging from the cognitive processes that underlie stereotyping to the nature of peer relations in schools with diverse student bodies to interventions designed to reduce prejudice and stereotyping. Harold Fishbeins Peer Prejudice and Discrimination builds on and reflects this work in many ways. This essay starts with a description and discussion of this book and then uses the book as a springboard for some observations about recent trends in research on intergroup relations. Peer Prejudice and Discrimination is an ambitious book. First, Fishbein argues that humans evolved inheritance predisposes us to develop prejudice and to discriminate against out-groups. Although the core argument is similar to that made in the first edition of this book, which won the Eleanor Maccoby Book Award, a substantial amount of new material has been added. Second, in order to explore the extent to which existing research supports predictions based on evolutionary theory and on a cultural/historical analysis of the origins of intergroup relations, Fishbein discusses the literature on prejudice and discrimination related to four characteristics (sex, race, deafness, and mental retardation). He focuses heavily, although not exclusively, on research conducted with children and youth, discussing the developmental trajectory of prejudice and discrimination when it is relevant to his analysis. To set the scene for his exploration of prejudice and discrimination toward the four groups focused upon, Fishbein also presents brief cultural histories of the treatment of females, African-Americans, the deaf, and the mentally retarded in the United States. In addition, he devotes a chapter to explaining the influence of peers, parents, and personality on prejudice and discrimination. Finally, he discusses how prejudice and discrimination can be modified.