Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' agency in information management

One of the primary tasks associated with childhood and adolescence is to shift from being regulated by others to self-regulation and self-control. Because adolescents in Western cultures tend to spend increasingly more time away from their parents (Larson et al., 1996), much attention has been given to how parents continue to regulate their adolescents when the adolescents are not supervised by adults. The majority of research investigating this topic has focused on parents’ attempts to monitor their adolescents’ whereabouts and activities. This body of research has been seriously flawed, however, assuming that parents’ monitoring provides them with information about adolescents’ whereabouts and activities. The use of invalid measures (e.g., measures of parental knowledge, rather than parents’ monitoring behaviors) and unidirectional assumptions (i.e., parent effects) led researchers to conclude prematurely that parents who monitor not only know what their adolescents are doing, but are then able to protect their adolescents from engagement in problematic activities. Recent research revealed these flaws, showing that parents’ knowledge of adolescents’ friends and activities is derived more from adolescents’ disclosure than from parents’ monitoring efforts (Kerr & Stattin, 2000; Stattin & Kerr, 2000). In response, researchers have taken an interest in understanding the processes by which parental knowledge is generated.
'Art Lift' intervention to improve mental well-being: an observational study from U.K. general practice.

Arts for health interventions are emerging as an alternative option to medical management of mental health problems and well-being. This study investigated process and outcomes of an art intervention on patients referred by primary care professionals, including associations between patient characteristics (e.g., sex), progress through the intervention (e.g., attendance), and changes in mental well-being. Referral criteria included people with anxiety, depression, or stress; low self-esteem, confidence, or overall well-being; and chronic illness or pain. The study took place in U.K.-based general practitioner practices, with a total of 202 patients referred to a 10-week intervention. Patient sociodemographic information was recorded at baseline, and patient progress assessed throughout the intervention. Significant improvement in well-being was revealed for the 7-item (t = -6.049, d.f. = 83, P < 0.001, two-tailed) and 14-item (t = -6.961, d.f. = 83, P < 0.001, two-tailed) scales. Of referred patients, 77.7% attended and 49.5% completed. Most patients were female, and from a range of socioeconomic groups, and those who completed were significantly older (t = -2.258, d.f. = 145, P = 0.025, two-tailed). Findings reveal that this art intervention was effective in the promotion of well-being and in targeting women, older people, and people from lower socioeconomic groups.
A Whiff of Reality

An experiment was conducted to investigate the potential effects of pleasant fragrances on task performance. Participants performed a word formation (anagrams) task under moderate or low stress and in the presence or absence of two different fragrances previously rated as pleasant by a large group of judges. In addition, some participants received a small gift at the start of the experimental session. Results indicated that both exposure to pleasant fragrances and receipt of a small gift significantly increased performance on the anagrams task; moreover, this was true under conditions of moderate as well as low stress. In addition, both exposure to pleasant fragrances and receipt of a small gift increased participants' willingness to help the experimenter by serving as uncompensated volunteers. These results are consistent with an interpretation suggesting that pleasant fragrances can enhance task performance by serving as a source of environmentally generated positive affect.
A Brief Tutorial on the Development of Measures for Use in Survey Questionnaires

The adequate measurement of abstract constructs is perhaps the greatest challenge to understanding the behavior of people in organizations. Problems with the reliability and validity of measures used on survey questionnaires continue to lead to difficulties in interpreting the results of field research. Price and Mueller suggest that measurement problems may be due to the lack of a well-established framework to guide researchers through the various stages of scale development. This article provides a conceptual framework and a straightforward guide for the development of scales in accordance with established psychometric principles for use infield studies
The Brain Erythropoietin System and its Potential for Therapeutic Exploitation in Brain Disease

The discovery of the broad neuroprotective potential of erythropoietin (EPO), an endogenous hematopoietic growth factor, has opened new therapeutic avenues in the treatment of brain diseases. EPO expression in the brain is induced by hypoxia. Practically all brain cells are capable of production and release of EPO and expression of its receptor. EPO exerts multifaceted protective effects on brain cells. It protects neuronal cells from noxious stimuli such as hypoxia, excess glutamate, serum deprivation or kainic acid exposure in vitro by targeting a variety of mechanisms and involves neuronal, glial and endothelial cell functions. In rodent models of ischemic stroke, EPO reduces infarct volume and improves functional outcome, but beneficial effects have also been observed in animal models of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. EPO has a convenient therapeutic window upon ischemic stroke and favorable pharmacokinetics. Results from first therapeutic trials in humans are promising, but will need to be validated in larger trials. The safety profile and effectiveness of EPO in a wide variety of neurologic disease models make EPO a candidate compound for a potential first-line therapeutic for neurologic emergencies.
Assessing ‘inexperienced’ students' ability to self‐assess: exploring links with learning style and academic personal control

The study sought to establish the level of students' self‐assessment skill—particularly inexperienced students—and to examine the relationship between self‐assessment skill and learning style, student perceptions of academic locus of control and academic self‐efficacy. Students were asked to evaluate and provide estimated marks for their own work, were which compared with tutors' actual marks. Students also completed measures of learning style, academic locus control and academic self‐efficacy. Comparisons of student estimated and tutor marks indicated a good level of self‐assessment skill in the majority of students. A significant minority of students did however fail to exhibit such skills. There was also some evidence of a tendency for students to underestimate their performance. While both strategic and deep approaches to learning were shown to be positively correlated with tutor mark, only surface approach was negatively correlated with students' estimated mark, suggesting that surface learners are inclined to provide lower evaluations of their own performance. Deep approach was also correlated with accuracy of student self‐assessment skill, suggesting that deep learning is associated with self‐assessment competency. No clear or convincing associations between self‐assessment skill and perceptions of academic locus of control or academic self‐efficacy were identified. Findings suggest that while self‐assessment skill undoubtedly develops, becoming more effective during students' academic career, inexperienced students do have the capacity for self‐evaluation and should therefore be included in self‐assessment activities. In the light of findings related to learning style and the heterogeneous nature of student groups, student monitoring and skill development are proposed in order to allow the integration of self‐assessment into the learning and assessment process.
Coming from Behind: On the Effect of Psychological Momentum on Sport Performance

The purpose of the present study was to test the predictions derived from 3 models of Psychological Momentum (PM) regarding the elusive PM-performance relationship. Participants competed in one of two 12-minute bogus bicycle races. They were randomly assigned to either a no-momentum race (i.e., tied) or a positive-momentum race (i.e., coming from behind to tie). Perceptions of PM and cycling performance were measured at 4 different points in time. Results from between- and within-subject analyses demonstrated that when participants lost the lead, their perceptions of PM decreased significantly. When participants regained the lead, their perceptions of PM increased significantly. Between- and within-subject analyses of variance also showed that experiencing PM led to increased performance. However, losing PM also led to performance enhancement, presumably through negative facilitation (Cornelius, Silva, Conroy, & Petersen, 1997). Results are discussed in light of models of PM, and avenues for future resear.
Relationship between scrotal infrared temperature patterns and natural-mating fertility in beef bulls.

The infrared temperature pattern (IRT) of the scrotal surface was recorded for 73 yearling beef bulls and a color video thermogram of the pattern of each bull was recorded. The average scortal surface temperature, temperature at the top and bottom of the scrotum, scortal temperature gradient, and thermal class (normal, questionable, or abnormal scortal surface thermal pattern) were recorded for each thermogram. Thirty-seven bulls had a normal temperature pattern (51%), 20 had a questionable pattern (27%), and 16 had an abnormal temperature pattern (22%). Bulls exhibiting abnormal scrotal temperature patterns had lower (P < .05) percentages of sperm exhibiting normal head and tail morphology and had a higher (P < .01) percentage of sperm with proximal droplets than did bulls with normal or questionable thermogram patterns. Thirty bulls with acceptable testis size and semen quality and representing the three thermal classes were each exposed single-sire to approximately 18 heifers during a 45-d pasture breeding period. Pregnancy rate was lower (P < .01) for bulls with abnormal scrotal temperature patterns (68 +/- 4%, n = 8) than for bulls with normal (83 +/- 4%, n = 13) and questionable temperature patterns (85 +/- 4%, n = 9), and pregnancy rate was related significantly to all four major characteristics (surface, top, and bottom temperatures and temperature gradient) of scortal thermograms. Data indicated that bulls with abnormal scortal temperature patterns exhibited a reduced ability to maintain an effective thermal gradient from top to bottom of the testes and that bulls with abnormal scrotal temperature patterns achieved reduced pregnancy rates when used for natural mating.
Effects of stimulus eccentricity on vection reevaluated with a binocularly defined depth

Abstract: The effects of stimulus eccentricity (central or peripheral) on vection (visually induced self-motion perception) were investigated using a stimulus combination consisting of a static foreground and a moving background, the depths of which were defined by binocular disparity. By using these stimulus settings, the effect of stimulus eccentricity can be assessed without any artifacts in the perceived depth of the stimulus, which would covary with the stimulus eccentricity. The results of this psychophysical experiment indicated that stimulus eccentricity cannot affect the strength of vection, and that both the central and peripheral stimuli can induce self-motion perception with equal magnitudes if the stimulus sizes are equalized. The present investigation, which used a controlled stimulus depth condition, clearly negated the idea of the peripheral dominance of vection, which has been accepted for a long time.
An Inductive and Capacitive Combined Wireless Power Transfer System With LC-Compensated Topology

This paper proposes a combined inductive and capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system with LC -compensated topology for electric vehicle charging application. The circuit topology is a combination of the LCC-compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) system and the LCLC-compensated capacitive power transfer (CPT) system. The working principle of the combined circuit topology is analyzed in detail, providing the relationship between the circuit parameters and the system power. The design of the inductive and capacitive coupling is implemented by the finite-element analysis. The equivalent circuit model of the coupling plates is derived. A 3.0-kW WPT system is designed and implemented as an example of combined inductive and capacitive coupling. The inductive coupler size is 300 mm × 300 mm and the capacitive coupler is 610 mm × 610 mm. The air-gap distance is 150 mm for both couplers. The output power of the combined system is the sum of the IPT and CPT system. The prototype has achieved 2.84-kW output power with 94.5% efficiency at 1-MHz switching frequency, and performs better under misalignment than the IPT System. This demonstrates that the inductive-capacitive combined WPT system is a potential solution to the electric vehicle charging application.
Seeing the Difference: Developing Effective Imagery Scripts for Athletes

This article provides guidelines for coaches and applied practitioners to create effective imagery scripts for use with their athletes. Supported by the imagery literature, we describe the planning, writing, delivering, and evaluating stages of script development. We explain the importance of considering the five Ws (Who, Where and When, Why, and What) in the planning stage, and use our own case study to provide specific examples of how we considered these when writing our own script. Finally we discuss different ways of delivering and evaluating the imagery script to ensure it is effective and continues to be over time. An example imagery script is provided along with a checklist coaches can use when developing their own script.
Lexical-semantic resources: yet powerful resources for automatic personality classification

In this paper, we aim to reveal the impact of lexical-semantic resources, used in particular for word sense disambiguation and sense-level semantic categorization, on automatic personality classification task. While stylistic features (e.g., part-of-speech counts) have been shown their power in this task, the impact of semantics beyond targeted word lists is relatively unexplored. We propose and extract three types of lexical-semantic features, which capture high-level concepts and emotions, overcoming the lexical gap of word n-grams. Our experimental results are comparable to state-of-the-art methods, while no personality-specific resources are required.
Segmentation of Skin Lesions From Digital Images Using Joint Statistical Texture Distinctiveness

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Incidence rates of melanoma have been increasing, especially among non-Hispanic white males and females, but survival rates are high if detected early. Due to the costs for dermatologists to screen every patient, there is a need for an automated system to assess a patient's risk of melanoma using images of their skin lesions captured using a standard digital camera. One challenge in implementing such a system is locating the skin lesion in the digital image. A novel texture-based skin lesion segmentation algorithm is proposed. A set of representative texture distributions are learned from an illumination-corrected photograph and a texture distinctiveness metric is calculated for each distribution. Next, regions in the image are classified as normal skin or lesion based on the occurrence of representative texture distributions. The proposed segmentation framework is tested by comparing lesion segmentation results and melanoma classification results to results using other state-of-art algorithms. The proposed framework has higher segmentation accuracy compared to all other tested algorithms.
Proteasome inhibitor PS‐341 induces growth arrest and apoptosis of non‐small cell lung cancer cells via the JNK/c‐Jun/AP‐1 signaling

Proteasome inhibitor PS‐341 induces growth arrest and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells via inactivation of NF‐κB in vitro and has afforded some objective responses in individuals with relapsed, refractory MM. However, the activity of PS‐341 against non‐hematological malignancies remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that PS‐341 induced growth arrest and apoptosis of NCI‐H520 and ‐H460 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in conjunction with markedly up‐regulated levels of p21waf1 and p53, and down‐regulation of bcl‐2 protein in these cells. Also, PS‐341 caused phosphorylation of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) and c‐Jun, and enhanced AP‐1/DNA binding activities in these cells as measured by western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Interestingly, when the JNK/ c‐Jun/AP‐1 signal pathway was disrupted by the JNK inhibitor SP600125, the ability of PS‐341 to inhibit the growth of NSCLC cells and to up‐regulate the levels of p21waf1 in these cells was blunted, but the expression of p53 was sustained at a high level, suggesting that the JNK/c‐Jun/AP‐1 signal pathway might mediate the anti‐lung cancer effects of PS‐341, with p21waf1 playing the central role. Thus, PS‐341 might be useful for the treatment of individuals with NSCLC.
Innovation and Conflict Management in Work Teams: The Effects of Team Identification and Task and Relationship Conflict

The current study attempted to elucidate the mechanisms whereby constructive-cooperative conflict management (integrating) fosters innovation in work teams. The proposed conceptual model postulated that the positive function of integrating in precipitating innovation is motivated by prosocial team atmosphere as manifested in team identity, the team’s capacity to mitigate the adverse impact of relationship conflict and its capability to maximize the potential gains of task conflict. Specifically, it was hypothesized: (a) integrating would predict innovation. (b) Team identity would be positively related to integrating, and that integrating would mediate the positive relationship between team identity and team innovation. (c) Task conflict would be positively related to integrating whereas relationship conflict would be negatively related to integrating. This research embraced a team-level perspective and analysis. Seventy-seven intact work teams from high-technology companies participated in the study. The findings, by and large, supported the proposed conceptual model, especially the contention that teams’ proclivities with respect to conflict management play a pivotal role in their capacity to function in an innovative manner. A team’s integrating pattern meaningfully predicted team innovation. The mediating effect of the integrating strategy on the relationship between team
A Double-Edged Sword? Exploring the Curvilinear Relationship Between Organizational Tenure Diversity and Team Innovation: The Moderating Role of Team-Oriented HR Practices

Although team diversity facilitates team innovation, research on the relationship between organizational tenure diversity and team innovation has produced mixed findings. To reconcile these inconsistent past findings, the present study is designed to investigate the possible curvilinear relationship between organizational tenure diversity and team innovation, and the moderating effect of team-oriented HR practices. We collect data from 67 R&D teams, including 321 engineers, for our sample, and hierarchical regression analyses are conducted to test hypotheses. The results show that the curvilinear relationship does exist between organizational tenure diversity and team innovation, and this nonlinear relationship is moderated by team-oriented HR practices.
Learning from Scarce Experience

Searching the space of policies directly for the optimal policy has been one popular method for solving partially observable reinforcement learning problems. Typically, with each change of the target policy, its value is estimated from the results of following that very policy. This requires a large number of interactions with the environment as different polices are considered. We present a family of algorithms based on likelihood ratio estimation that use data gathered when executing one policy (or collection of policies) to estimate the value of a different policy. The algorithms combine estimation and optimization stages. The former utilizes experience to build a non-parametric representation of an optimized function. The latter performs optimization on this estimate. We show positive empirical results and provide the sample complexity bound.
Autoconceito de crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem e problemas de comportamento

The aim of this study was to assess the self-concept of children with learning disability in comparison with children without learning disability. Fifty- eight school-age children were assessed, including: 32 Learning Disabled children, distinguished by behavior problems, and 26 No Learning Disabled children. The child self-concept was assessed by Piers Harris Self-Concept Scale and the child behavior was assessed by Rutter´s Child Behavior Scale-A2. Children with learning disability showed significantly more negative self-concept than children without it in both total and partial scale scores. No differences was found between learning disabled children distinguished by the presence of behavior problems.