Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer survivorship: creating a national agenda.

The cadre of individuals who are living after a diagnosis of cancer is growing steadily. In developed countries, as many as 78% of pediatric patients are alive five years following diagnosis, as are 60% of adult patients (Curtiss & Haylock, 2006). At present in Canada, about one million individuals are living as cancer survivors (Canadian Cancer Society, 2008). With the anticipated increase in the incidence of cancer around the world and the success of treatment approaches, it is anticipated this cadre will continue to grow. Unfortunately, cancer survivorship does not come without cost. It is becoming increasingly evident there are late and long-term effects cancer survivors experience, both physical and psychosocial, that can compromise quality of life and increase the burden of suffering. Compared to matched population controls, cancer survivors have significantly lower outcomes on many burden of illness measures and experience difficulties accessing appropriate health care for a broad range of chronic medical conditions (Yabroff, Lawrence, Clauser, Davis, & Brown, 2004; Earle & Neville, 2004). A history of cancer may shift attention from important health problems unrelated to cancer and the roles of primary care providers and specialists in cancer care of survivors are not yet clear. As well, quality of life issues are different for survivors than for individuals at the point of diagnosis and treatment. Cancer survivors face a range of physical and psychosocial challenges. Up to 75% of survivors have health deficits related to their treatments (Aziz & Rowland, 2003), more than 50% live with chronic pain (Lance Armstrong Foundation, 2004), 70% have experienced depression (Lance Armstrong Foundation, 2004), and between 18% and 43% have reported emotional distress (Vachon, 2006). Regardless of tumour type, there are commonly reported challenges: living with fear and uncertainty; changes in family roles; alterations in self image and self esteem; changes in comfort, physiological functioning and mobility; alterations in cognitive functioning; changes in employment and recreation; altered fertility and sexuality (Aziz & Rowland, 2003; Denmark-Wahnefried, Aziz, Rowland, & Pinto, 2005; Ganz, 2001; Lance Armstrong Foundation, 2005). Clearly, cancer survivors are a vulnerable population. New approaches are needed to overcome the barriers cancer survivors experience and ensure they receive appropriate care.
H-2 antigens of the thymus determinelymphocyte specificity

After immunization, normal H-2 heterozygous mice (for example H-2(b) × H-2(d)) generate two populations of cytotoxic effector T cells, one specific for target cells expressing H-2(b)-plus-antigen and the other specific for H- 2(d)-plus-antigen. With a multideterminant antigen, these two populations have about the same activity. We show here that the H-2 type of resident cells in the thymus determines the H-2 preference of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. F(1)(B 10 × B 10.D2) (H-2(b) × H-2 (d)) mice were thymectomized, lethally irradiated, and reconstituted with T-cell-depleted syngeneic hematopoietic cells. Groups of such ATXBM mice were grafted subcutaneously with neonatal thymus lobes from parental mice, either B10 (H-2 (b)) or B10.D2 (H-2(d)). 2-3 mo later, the mice were immunized against the minor histocompatibility antigens on F(1)(BALB/c × BALB.B) cells and assayed for cytotoxic T-cell activity. H-2(b) × H-2(d) ATXBM mice with H-2(b) thymus grafts responded to antigen-plus-H-2(b) much better than to antigen-plus-H-2(d), and vice versa for the mice with H-2(d) thymus grafts. As judged by antiserum treatment, the effector cells were of F(1) origin. To explore the possibility that the “thymus preference” may have been due to suppression of T-cell activity, nonimmune spleen and lymph node cells from normal H-2(b) × H-2(d) mice and cells from H-2(b) × H-2(d) mice bearing a homozygous thymus were mixed 1:1 and immunized in adoptive transfer. The mixture responded to antigen-plus-H-2(b) and antigen-plus-H-2(d) equally well, demonstrating that the cells that showed a “thymus preference” could not suppress a response to antigen in association with the nonthymic H-2 type. We conclude from these and other experiments that H-2 antigens present on resident cells of the thymus determine the spectrum of specificity of T cells which mature in that thymus and eventually make up the peripheral T- cell pool.
Rice-fish-vegetable integrated farming: towards a sustainable ecosystem

An outline is given of procedures to take in order to adopt an integrated rice-fish-vegetable farming system in India. Vegetables, which are cultivated in the dikes of the system, may include Luffa acutangula, Vigna unguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris . When the water depth of the field rises to 30-40 cm, fish fingerlings (Puntius javanicus, Cyprinus carpio and Labeo rohita ) and prawn juveniles (Macrobranchium rosenbergii ) may be stocked. The advantages of such a system are listed and include year round employment opportunities for the farm family and improved farm family income and nutrition.
The barium isotopic mixture for the metal-poor subgiant star HD 140283

Context. Current theory regarding heavy element nucleosynthesis in metal-poor environments states that the r-process would be dominant. The star HD 140283 has been the subject of debate after it appeared in some studies to be dominated by the s-process. Aims. We provide an independent measure of the Ba isotope mixture using an extremely high quality spectrum and an extensive χ 2 analysis. Methods. We have acquired a very high resolution (R ≡ λ/Δλ = 95 000), very high signal-to-noise (S /N = 1110 around 4554 A, as calculated in IRAF) spectrum of HD 140283. We exploit hyperfine splitting of the Ba ii 4554 A and 4934 A resonance lines in an effort to constrain the isotope ratio in 1D LTE. Using the code ATLAS in conjunction with KURUCZ06 model atmospheres we analyse 93 Fe lines to determine the star’s macroturbulence. With this information we construct a grid of Ba synthetic spectra and, using a χ 2 code, fit these to our observed data to determine the isotopic ratio, fodd, which represents the ratio of odd to even isotopes. The odd isotopes and 138 Ba are synthesized by the r -a nds-process while the other even isotopes ( 134,136 Ba) are synthesized purely by the s-process. We also analyse the Eu lines. Results. We set a new upper limit of the rotation of HD 140283 at v sini ≤ 3. 9k m s −1 , a new upper limit on [Eu/H] −0.66. We find that, in the framework of a 1D LTE analysis, the isotopic ratios of Ba in HD 140283 indicate fodd = 0.02 ± 0.06, a purely s-process signature. This implies that observations and analysis do not validate currently accepted theory. Conclusions. We speculate that a 1D code, due to simplifying assumptions, is not adequate when dealing with observations with high levels of resolution and signal-to-noise because of the turbulent motions associated with a 3D stellar atmosphere. New approaches to analysing isotopic ratios, in particular 3D hydrodynamics, need to be considered when dealing with the levels of detail required to properly determine them. However published 3D results exacerbate the disagreement between theory and observation.
Postoperative delirium and short-term cognitive dysfunction occur more frequently in patients undergoing valve surgery with or without coronary artery bypass graft surgery compared with coronary artery bypass graft surgery alone: results of a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE The authors tested the hypothesis that patients undergoing valve repair or replacement surgery with or without coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) had a greater incidence of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction compared with patients undergoing CABG surgery alone. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Veterans Affairs medical center. PARTICIPANTS Forty-four age- and education-balanced male patients (≥ 55 years of age) undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB (n = 22 valve ± CABG surgery and n = 22 CABG surgery alone) and nonsurgical controls (n = 22) were recruited. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Delirium was assessed with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist before and for 5 consecutive days after surgery. Recent verbal and nonverbal memory and executive functions were assessed using a psychometric test battery before and 1 week after cardiac surgery or at 1-week intervals in nonsurgical controls. Intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, and 30-day readmission were significantly (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, and p = 0.04, respectively) longer in patients undergoing valve surgery ± CABG surgery versus CABG surgery alone. Postoperative delirium occurred more frequently (p = 0.01) in patients undergoing valve ± CABG surgery versus CABG surgery alone. Overall cognitive performance (composite z score) after surgery also was impaired significantly (p = 0.004) in patients undergoing valve ± CABG surgery compared with CABG surgery alone. The composite z score after surgery decreased by at least 1.5 standard deviations in 11 patients (50%) versus 1 patient (5%) without valve surgery compared with nonsurgical controls (p = 0.001, Fisher's exact test). The presence of delirium predicted a composite z score decrease of 1.2 points (odds ratio = 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.68). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that patients undergoing valve surgery with or without CABG surgery have a higher incidence of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction 1 week after surgery compared with those undergoing CABG surgery alone.
Phototherapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder

is not a new one. Indeed, books were written on the subject in the early decades of this century (Humphris, 1924; Kovacs, 1932). However, there are important distinctions between the treatments outlined in these earlier texts and the phototherapy currently in use. These earlier clinicians regarded phototherapy as a broad-spectrum treatment for a wide variety of ills. Ultraviolet light was considered an important component of the treatments, and the entire body was exposed to the light. The emphasis was thus on exposing the skin to light, and special &dquo;light baths&dquo; were designed to maximize skin exposure and to shield the eyes from toxic ultraviolet rays. In contrast, phototherapy is currently regarded as helpful only with certain specific types of patients; the light sources used have contained relatively little ultraviolet light; and emphasis has been placed on the eyes rather than the skin as the portal of entry of the therapeutic effect. The majority of phototherapy studies conducted in the past few years have involved patients with SAD, a condition characterized by regular winter depressions alternating with nondepressed periods in the spring and summer (Rosenthal et al., 1984). There are a few recorded historical examples of manipulations of lighting and climate specifically aimed at reversing certain winter difficulties such as depression and lethargy. Esquirol (1845) reported a case of a man with symptoms remarkably similar to those of SAD, whom he treated successfully by advising him to move from
Technical Reports Cover

Plantation mapping is critical for understanding and addressing deforestation, a key driver of climate change and ecosystem degradation. Unfortunately, most plantation maps are limited to small areas for specific years because they rely on visual inspection of imagery. Here we propose an automated approach for annual mapping of plantations using remote sensing data. Due to the heterogeneity of land cover classes, we propose a novel ensemble learning method that simultaneously uses training samples from multiple land cover classes over different years. After the ensemble learning, we further improve the performance by post-processing using a Hidden Markov Model. With the experiments on MODIS data, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over multiple baselines. In addition, we conduct extensive validation by comparing the detected plantation by our approach with the existing datasets developed through visual interpretation by expert observers. Based on the random sampling and the comparison with high-resolution images, the precision (i.e. user’s accuracy) and recall (i.e. producer’s accuracy) of our generated map are around 85.53% and 81.51%, respectively, and the overall accuracy is 95.20%.
Estrogen and Progesterone Binding by Acoustic Neuroma Tissue

Tissue samples from 37 acoustic neuromas were assayed for estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor binding by radioimmunoassay using a dextran-coated charcoal method and Scatchard plot analysis. Twenty-one of the samples were from men, and 16 of the samples were from women. Seven of 37 samples (19%) were positive for estrogen receptor and six of 36 samples (17%) were positive for progesterone receptor. Three of 37 samples (8%) were positive for both receptors. There was no correlation of estrogen receptor positivity with the sex of the patient. These results indicate that estrogen or progesterone receptor binding activity or both are present in a small subset of acoustic tumors. Evidence is lacking, however, that binding of estrogen to the receptor results in growth changes in the tumor. The empirical use of antiestrogen treatment in acoustic neuroma does not appear to be justified at the present time.
Early Father Involvement and Subsequent Child Behaviour at Ages 3, 5 and 7 Years: Prospective Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Objective Fathers are increasingly involved in care of their babies and young children. We assessed the association of resident fathers’ involvement with subsequent behaviour of their children, examining boys and girls separately. Methods We used longitudinal data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study for children born in 2000–2001, divided into three separate analysis periods: ages 9 months to 3 years, 3 to 5 years, and 5 to 7 years. By exploratory factor analysis of self-reported attitudes and engagement in caring activities, we derived composite measures of various types of father involvement at 9 months, 3 and 5 years. Where possible we created equivalent measures of mother involvement. Child behaviour was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which was completed by the mother when the child was aged 3, 5 and 7 years. We estimated gender-specific odds ratios for behaviour problems per quintile of father involvement, using separate logistic regression models for boys and girls in each analysis period. We controlled for a wide range of potential confounders: characteristics of the child (temperament and development at 9 months, and illness and exact age at outcome), equivalent mother involvement where appropriate, and factors related to socioeconomic status, household change, and parental well-being, where statistically significant. Results Paternal positive parenting beliefs at age 9 months and increased frequency of creative play at age 5 years were significantly associated with lower risk of subsequent behaviour problems (SDQ total difficulties) in both boys and girls (p<0.05), odds ratios ranging between 0.81 and 0.89 per quintile of involvement. No associations were observed for other composite measures of caring activity by the father at 9 months, 3 years or 5 years. Conclusion Quality of parenting, rather than the division of routine care between parents, was associated with child behavioural outcomes.
Arachidonic acid cascade and epithelial barrier function during Caco-2 cell differentiation Published, JLR Papers in Press, April 3, 2006.

The small intestinal epithelium is a highly dynamic system continuously renewed by a process involving cell proliferation and differentiation. The intestinal epithelium constitutes a permeability barrier regulating the vectorial transport of ions, water, and solutes. Morphological changes during cell differentiation, as well as changes in the activity of brush-border enzymes and the expression of transport proteins, are well established. However, little is known about the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade underlying epithelial cell differentiation or its role in the development of epithelial barrier function. The main purpose of this study was to examine the activity of the high-molecular-weight phospholipases A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway during differentiation, with particular emphasis on paracellular permeability. PLA2 activity, AA release, COX-2 expression, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and paracellular permeability were studied in preconfluent, confluent, and differentiated Caco-2 cell cultures. Our results show that Caco-2 differentiation induces a decrease in both calcium-independent PLA2 activity and COX-2 expression and, consequently, a decrease in AA release and PGE2 synthesis in parallel with a reduction in paracellular permeability. Moreover, the addition of PGE2 to differentiated cells, at concentrations similar to those detected in nondifferentiated cultures, induces the disruption of epithelial barrier function. These results suggest that AA release by calcium-independent PLA2, COX-2 expression, and subsequent PGE2 release are important for the maintenance of paracellular permeability in differentiated Caco-2 cells.
Biology and management of inflammatory breast cancer

Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of a locally advanced breast cancer that is thought to account for approximately 1–5% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers diagnosed in the USA. Historically, IBC was considered to be a uniformly fatal disease with less than 5% of patients surviving past 5 years. With the advent of a multidisciplinary approach to management, survival outcomes have improved with 5-year survival rates of over 40% being reported. Research efforts are now focused on trying to better understand the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of this disease to further improve survival. Two genes, Rhoc GTPase and WISP3, have been identified that have been found to be concordantly altered in the majority of inflammatory breast cancer tumors and may serve as potential targets for future therapeutic agents. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest epidemiological and molecular characteristics of IBC, describe the difficulties encountered in trying to clinically diagnose this entity, highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and present some of the latest data on the management of this disease.
The complex role of NOTCH receptors and their ligands in the development of hepatoblastoma, cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

The NOTCH signalling pathway is one of the key molecular pathways of embryonic development and adult tissues homeostasis in mammals. Mammals have four NOTCH receptors and various ligands that modulate their activity. Many cell disorders, whose genesis involves the NOTCH signalling pathway, have been discovered, including cancer. The mechanisms by which these receptors and their ligands affect liver cell transformation are not yet well understood, and they seem to behave as both oncogenes and tumour‐suppressor proteins. In this review, we discuss the published data regarding the role of these proteins in the development of hepatoblastoma, cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma malignancies. The alteration of the NOTCH signalling pathway may be one of the main drivers of hepatic neoplastic growth. However, this signalling pathway might also modulate the development of specific liver tumour features. The complexity of the function of NOTCH receptors and their ligands may be due to their interactions with many other cell signalling pathways. Furthermore, the different levels of expression and activation of these receptors could be a reason for their distinct and sometimes contradictory effects.
Inotropic effects of ejection are myocardial properties.

Recent studies in isolated and in vivo canine hearts have suggested that the left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVPes) of ejecting beats is the net result of a balance between positive and negative effects of ejection. At present, it is unknown whether these ejection effects are merely a ventricular chamber property or represent a fundamental myocardial property. Accordingly, we examined the effects of ejection in eight isolated rat cardiac trabeculae at the sarcomere level. We approximated in situ sarcomere shortening patterns using an iterative computer loading system. Six isovolumic contractions were compared with four ejecting contractions. The superfusing solution contained either 0.7 mM Ca2+ or 0.65 mM Sr2+ plus 0.15 mM Ca2+. With Ca2+, simulated LVPes ("LVP"es) of ejecting contractions was significantly lower than isovolumic "LVP"es (-5.3 +/- 5.6%), whereas with Sr2+, ejecting "LVP"es was significantly higher than isovolumic "LVP"es (+4.5 +/- 7.5%). Contraction duration and time to end systole were markedly prolonged in ejecting vs. isovolumic contractions with either Ca2+ or Sr2+. As a consequence, comparison of simulated LVP between ejecting and isovolumic beats throughout the contraction, i.e., at the same simulated LVV and time, revealed only a positive effect of ejection with either Ca2+ (+18.8 +/- 5.5%) or Sr2+ (+23.4 +/-9.3%). We conclude that both positive and negative effects of ejection are basic myocardial properties.
Making Meaning of Relationships

This article discusses young women's experiences and understandings of dating and dating violence. The findings are drawn from research interviews with young women, aged 14 to 18 years, in Adelaide, South Australia. The study uses an analysis of the micro practices of gender relations and dating relationships discussed in young women's interviews to illuminate gendered power relations and practices of dating violence. The implications of young women's understandings of dating violence for education and intervention programs are discussed.
Poroelastic analysis of permeability effects in thinly layered porous media

The mechanism of wave-induced fluid flow, which causes significant attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves in heterogeneous porous media, opens a potential opportunity to estimate fluid-mobility properties from seismic data. However, the permeability effects on seismic data vary for different reservoir environments, so rules of thumb are difficult to establish. Two types of reservoir models were selected. One represents shallow, unconsolidated, low-impedance reservoirs. The other represents deep, consolidated, high-impedance reservoirs. Using analytic equations and wave-propagation numerical studies, permeability effects were investigated on the magnitude and phase of normal-incident reflection coefficients from an interface between an upper nondispersive medium and a lower thinly layered porous medium. The study found that permeability can affect reflection amplitudes significantly. For high-impedance reservoirs, magnitude of the reflection coefficient decreases when permeability increases. However, for low-impedance reservoirs, reflection magnitude increases as permeability increases.
Cue Validity and Object-Based Attention

In a previous study, Egly, Driver, and Rafal (1994) observed both space-and object-based components of visual selective attention. However, the mechanisms underlying these two components and the relationship between them are not well understood. In the present research, with a similar paradigm, these issues were addressed by manipulating cue validity. Behavioral results indicated the presence of both space-and object-based components under high cue validity, similar to the results of Egly et al.'s study. In addition, under low cue validity, the space-based component was absent, whereas the object-based component was maintained. Further event-related potential results demonstrated an object-based effect at a sensory level over the posterior areas of brain, and a space-based effect over the anterior region. The present data suggest that the space-and object-based components reflect mainly voluntary and reflexive mechanisms, respectively.