Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening Wheat Parents of Mapping Population for Heat and Drought Tolerance, Detection of Wheat Genetic Variation

To evaluate genetic variation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) affected by heat and drought stress on eight Australian wheat genotypes that are parents of Doubled Haploid (HD) mapping populations at the vegetative stage, the water stress experiment was conducted at 65% field capacity in growth room. Heat stress experiment was conducted in the research field under irrigation over summer. Result show that water stress decreased dry shoot weight and RWC but increased osmolarity and means of Fv/Fm values in all varieties except for Krichauff. Krichauff and Kukri had the maximum RWC under drought stress. Trident variety was shown maximum WUE, osmolarity (610 mM/Kg), dry mater, quantum yield and Fv/Fm 0.815 under water stress condition. However, the recovery of quantum yield was apparent between 4 to 7 days after stress in all varieties. Nevertheless, increase in water stress after that lead to strong decrease in quantum yield. There was a genetic variation for leaf pigments content among varieties under heat stress. Heat stress decreased significantly the total chlorophyll content that measured by SPAD. Krichauff had maximum value of Anthocyanin content (2.978 A/g FW), chlorophyll a+b (2.001 mg/g FW) and chlorophyll a (1.502 mg/g FW). Maximum value of chlorophyll b (0.515 mg/g FW) and Carotenoids (0.234 mg/g FW) content belonged to Kukri. The quantum yield of all varieties decreased significantly, when the weather temperature increased from 28 ◦C to 36 ◦C during the 6 days. However, the recovery of quantum yield was apparent after 8th day in all varieties. The maximum decrease and recovery in quantum yield was observed in Krichauff. Drought and heat tolerant and moderately tolerant wheat genotypes were included Trident, Krichauff, Kukri and RAC875. Molineux, Berkut and Excalibur were clustered into most sensitive and moderately sensitive genotypes. Finally, the results show that there was a significantly genetic variation among the eight varieties that were studied under heat and water stress. Keywords—Abiotic stress, Genetic variation, Fluorescence, Wheat genotypes.
The RR charges of the A-type Gepner models

It is shown that the RR charges of Gepner models are not all accounted for by the usual tensor product and permutation branes. In order to characterise the missing D-branes we study the matrix factorisation approach to the description of D-branes for Gepner models. For each of the A-type models we identify a set of matrix factorisations whose charges generate the full lattice of quantised charges. The additional factorisations that are required correspond to generalised permutation branes.
Becoming a professional digital competent teacher

ABSTRACT The aim of this Norwegian study is to focus on challenges and possibilities concerning professional digital competence (PDC) for teacher education encountering students in transition between the position as private and professionals. Students need to gain a self-understanding of who they are and how to react in a profession where there few correct answers- A report from the Norwegian Center of ICT underlines that student teachers should develop PDC. The report says nothing about how this competence should be attained. Working with cases has proved to be a possible way to prepare for future work as teachers. Included in the interviews with focus on previous experiences, are cases with ethical dilemmas concerning teachers’ use of SNS. Findings show that SNS is used for private purposes. Students have experienced negative messages posted in SNS. They have little experience with using SNS for pedagogical purposes and they do not want to be friends with their pupils. Reflection on cases including ethical dilemmas is regarded as a useful way to gain a self-understanding as professional, digital competent teachers. The conclusion is that teacher education should create possibilities for reflection based on personal experiences and cases including ethical dilemmas connected to SNS.
Inferring Population Decline and Expansion From Microsatellite Data: A Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Msvar Method

Reconstructing the demographic history of populations is a central issue in evolutionary biology. Using likelihood-based methods coupled with Monte Carlo simulations, it is now possible to reconstruct past changes in population size from genetic data. Using simulated data sets under various demographic scenarios, we evaluate the statistical performance of Msvar, a full-likelihood Bayesian method that infers past demographic change from microsatellite data. Our simulation tests show that Msvar is very efficient at detecting population declines and expansions, provided the event is neither too weak nor too recent. We further show that Msvar outperforms two moment-based methods (the M-ratio test and Bottleneck) for detecting population size changes, whatever the time and the severity of the event. The same trend emerges from a compilation of empirical studies. The latest version of Msvar provides estimates of the current and the ancestral population size and the time since the population started changing in size. We show that, in the absence of prior knowledge, Msvar provides little information on the mutation rate, which results in biased estimates and/or wide credibility intervals for each of the demographic parameters. However, scaling the population size parameters with the mutation rate and scaling the time with current population size, as coalescent theory requires, significantly improves the quality of the estimates for contraction but not for expansion scenarios. Finally, our results suggest that Msvar is robust to moderate departures from a strict stepwise mutation model.
Cyclic identities involving Jacobi elliptic functions

We derive a number of local identities involving Jacobi elliptic functions and use them to obtain several new results. First, we present an alternative, simpler derivation of the cyclic identities discovered by us recently, along with an extension to several new cyclic identities. Second, we obtain a generalization to cyclic identities in which successive terms have a multiplicative phase factor exp(2iπ/s), wheres is any integer. Third, we systematize the local identities by deriving four local ‘master identities’ analogous to the master identities for the cyclic sums discussed by us previously. Fourth, we point out that many of the local identities can be thought of as exact discretizations of standard non-linear differential equations satisfied by the Jacobi elliptic functions. Finally, we obtain explicit answers for a number of definite integrals and simpler forms for several indefinite integrals involving Jacobi elliptic functions.
The H-Decomposition Problem for Graphs

The concept of H-decompositions of graphs was first introduced by Erd? s, Goodman and Posa in 1966, who were motivated by the problem of representing graphs by set intersections. Given graphs G and H, an H-decomposition of G is a partition of the edge set of G such that each part is either a single edge or forms a graph isomorphic to H. Let Ф(n,H) be the smallest number Ф, such that, any graph of order n admits an H-decomposition with at most Ф parts. The exact computation of Ф(n,H) for an arbitrary H is still an open problem. Recently, a few papers have been published about this problem. In this survey we will bring together all the results about H-decompositions. We will also introduce two new related problems, namely Weighted H-Decompositions of graphs and Monochromatic H-Decom- positions of graphs.
Degeneration of the Basalocortical Pathway from the Cortex Induces a Functional Increase in Galaninergic Markers in the Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis of the Rat

The present work aimed 1) to evaluate whether an increase in galanin or galanin receptors could be induced in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm) by degeneration of the basalocortical neurons from the cortex and 2) to analyze the consequences of such an increase on cortical activity. First, a mild ischemic insult to the frontoparietal cortex was performed to induce the degeneration of the basalocortical system; galanin immunoreactivity, galanin binding sites, and cholinergic muscarinic receptors were quantified through immunocytochemistry and autoradiography. Second, galanin infusions in the nbm were undertaken to mimic a local increase of the galaninergic innervation; cortical acetylcholine release, cerebral glucose use, and cerebral blood flow were then measured as indices of cortical activity. As a result of the cortical ischemic lesion, the postsynaptic M1 and presynaptic M2 muscarinic receptors were found to be reduced in the altered cortex. In contrast, galaninergic binding capacity and fiber density were found to be increased in the ipsilateral nbm in parallel with a local decrease in the cholinergic markers such as the muscarinic M1 receptor density. Galanin infusion into the nbm inhibited the cortical acetylcholine release and cerebral blood flow increases elicited by the activation of the cholinergic basalocortical system but failed to affect acetylcholine release, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral glucose use when injected alone in the nbm. These results demonstrate that degeneration of the basalocortical system from the cortex induces an increase in galaninergic markers in the nbm, a result that might suggest that the galaninergic overexpression described in the basal forebrain of patients with Alzheimer's disease can result from a degeneration of the cholinergic basalocortical system from the cortex. Because galanin was found to reduce the activity of the basalocortical cholinergic system only when this one is activated, galanin might exert its role rather during activation deficits than under resting conditions such as the resting cortical hypometabolism, which is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
Modular BDI architecture

One of the main challenges in agent-oriented programming is the design of specialized programming languages for single agent development. They should provide transparent interfaces to existing mainstream programming languages for easy integration with external code and legacy software. The underlying architecture of such programming languages has to be robust enough to support various approaches to knowledge representation and agent reasoning models.In this paper we propose a modular BDI agent programming architecture, which is independent of the internal structure of its components and agent reasoning model. The connections between the components of such a BDI system are provided by interaction rules. Using this separation, we are able to draw a clear distinction between knowledge representation issues of a BDI agent system components and its dynamics.
Functional Strips: a More Flexible Language for Planning and Problem Solving

EEective planning requires good modeling languages and good algorithms. The Strips language has shaped most of the work in planning since the early 70's due to its eeective solution of the frame problem and its support for divide-and-conquer strategies. In recent years, however, planning strategies not based on divide-and-conquer and work on theories of actions suggest that alternative languages can make modeling and planning easier. With this goal in mind, we have developed Functional Strips, a language that adds rst-class function symbols to Strips providing additional exibility in the codiication of planning problems. This extension is orthogonal and complementary to extensions accommodated in other languages such as conditional eeects, quantiication, negation, etc. Function symbols, unlike relational symbols, can be nested so objects need not be referred to by their explicit names and as a result more eecient encodings can be provided. For example, a problem like the 8-puzzle can be codiied in terms of four actions with no arguments; Hanoi, can be codiied with a number of ground actions independent of the number of disks; resources and constraints can be easily represented, etc. Functional Strips is both an action and a planning language in the sense that actions are understood declaratively in terms of a state-based semantics and operationally in terms of eecient updates on state representations. In this paper, we present the language, the semantics and a number of examples, and discuss possible uses in planning and problem solving.
A Hundred Years of Prime Numbers

The twiddle notation is shorthand for the statement limxO, 7r(x)/{x/log x} = 1. Here we shall survey early work on the distribution of primes, the proof of the PNT, and some later developments. Since the time of Euclid, the primes, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, . , have been known to be infinite in number. They appear to be distributed quite irregularly, and early attempts to find a closed formula for the nth prime were unsuccessful. By the end of the 18th century many mathematical tables had been computed, and examination of tables of prime numbers led C. F. Gauss and A. M. Legendre to change the question under investigation. Instead of seeking an exact formula for the nth prime, they considered the counting function 7r(X) and asked for approximations to this function, evidently a new kind of question in number theory. Each of the two men conjectured the PNT, though neither did so in the form we have given. In 1808 Legendre published the formula 7r(X) = x/(log x + A(x)), where A(x) tends to a constant as x oc. Gauss recorded his conjecture in one of his favorite books
A stream function solver for liquid simulations

This paper presents a liquid simulation technique that enforces the incompressibility condition using a stream function solve instead of a pressure projection. Previous methods have used stream function techniques for the simulation of detailed single-phase flows, but a formulation for liquid simulation has proved elusive in part due to the free surface boundary conditions. In this paper, we introduce a stream function approach to liquid simulations with novel boundary conditions for free surfaces, solid obstacles, and solid-fluid coupling. Although our approach increases the dimension of the linear system necessary to enforce incompressibility, it provides interesting and surprising benefits. First, the resulting flow is guaranteed to be divergence-free regardless of the accuracy of the solve. Second, our free-surface boundary conditions guarantee divergence-free motion even in the un-simulated air phase, which enables two-phase flow simulation by only computing a single phase. We implemented this method using a variant of FLIP simulation which only samples particles within a narrow band of the liquid surface, and we illustrate the effectiveness of our method for detailed two-phase flow simulations with complex boundaries, detailed bubble interactions, and two-way solid-fluid coupling.
Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitet Two Component Load Sharing Systems with Applications to Biology Two Component Load Sharing Systems with Applications to Biology

Life times of load sharing parallel systems have been considered in the statistical literature at least since Daniels (1945). The main characteristic of such a two component system is that after the failure of one component the surviving component has to shoulder extra load and hence is prone to failure at an earlier time than what is expected under the original model. In other situations, the failure of one component may release extra resources to the other, thus delaying the system failure. Gross et al (1971) observed that similar considerations affect the functioning of a two organ system. In this paper we first consider several observations schemes and identifiability issues under them. Then we construct a general semiparametric bivariate family of distributions which explicitly models this phenomenon through proportional conditional hazards. McCool (2006) has suggested a test for the hypothesis that the failures take place according to the original model against the alternative hypothesis that the second failure takes place earlier than warranted within the Weibull model. We propose nonparametric tests for the same problem which may be used for any continuous distribution for the component life times. We obtain estimates of the power of the test and observe that it is quite high even for moderately distant alternatives. The tests are applied to several real data sets to illustrate their use.
Traffic Light Detection: A Learning Algorithm and Evaluations on Challenging Dataset

Traffic light recognition (TLR) is an integral part of any intelligent vehicle, which must function in the existing infrastructure. Pedestrian and sign detection have recently seen great improvements due to the introduction of learning based detectors using integral channel features. A similar push have not yet been seen for the detection sub-problem of TLR, where detection is dominated by methods based on heuristic models. Evaluation of existing systems is currently limited primarily to small local datasets. In order to provide a common basis for comparing future TLR research an extensive public database is collected based on footage from US roads. The database consists of both test and training data, totaling 46,418 frames and 112,971 annotated traffic lights, captured in continuous sequences under a varying light and weather conditions. The learning based detector achieves an AUC of 0.4 and 0.32 for day sequence 1 and 2, respectively, which is more than an order of magnitude better than the two heuristic model-based detectors.
Dynamic International Diversification Strategies

This paper offers an ex-ante optimization-based comparison among several performance measures over a range of horizons. Apart from its ex-ante nature, the novel features of such a comparison are that it is based on an aggregated performance measure, which allows for an equal start for each of its individual component performance measures and the fact that the comparison is based both on static and dynamic strategies. That is strategies, which incorporate rebalancing decisions up to a given horizon. Dynamic International Diversification Strategies (DIDS) are constructed via ex-ante maximization of aggregate performance measure over different horizons. The example DIDS, considered in the paper, represent a sequence of portfolio decisions on eight country indices (G-7 countries and Switzerland) up to a predetermined horizon from 1 to 52 weeks. Our results suggest that Information ratio based ex-ante optimization criterion dominates the others for horizons longer then 9 weeks. For shorter horizons no measure clearly dominates the others. The relative theoretical contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we use projections-based SDF approach to generate expected returns over different horizons, which to the best of our knowledge is a novel approach. Second, we propose a way to aggregate several admissible performance measures and to determine current international diversification decisions in an attempt to ex-ante optimize an aggregate performance measure. We also motivate the use of decision weights in order to determine which measure outperforms the others in ex-ante terms. An implementation of such a comparison is the main empirical contribution of the paper. Third, we systematically investigate the role of the time horizon on the ex-post realized returns of average static and dynamic international diversification strategies.
The Goodwill Effect? Female Access to the Labor Market Over Transition: A Multicountry Analysis

This study evaluates quantitatively the context of gender discrimination in transition countries in terms of access to the labor market. Over economic transition female labor market participation has generally weakened. Notwithstanding, transition countries differ in institutional design, structural labor supply patterns, labor demand characteristics and the speed of transition processes. We propose to evaluate the contribution of these effects to the observed extent of gender discrimination. Using estimators of gender discrimination obtained from a panel of micro-datasets covering a possibly large set of transition countries, we seek determinants cross-country variation in gender discrimination in the labor market. Empirical evidence suggest that while countries with generally higher female labor force participation are characterized by less discrimination, ceteris paribus, this pattern does not hold for the transition countries.
Factors That Influence the Career Choices of Rural Minority Students. Research Bulletin No. 31.

This is the report of a study conducted to determine the effect of six variables on the career choice of 995 black college students, most of them from rural South Carolina. Study design, sample selection, and data collection methods are outlined; and related literature is briefly reviewed. The relationship between career choice and each independent variable is then presented and discussed. It was found that (1) rural residents, despite career choice, come from lower socioeconomic level families and are more concerned about the cost of post-baccalaureate education than urban and out-of-state residents; (2) students who choose nontraditional majors have more positive concepts of their leadership, academic, and athletic abilities than do their cohorts who choose traditional careers; and the nontraditional majors express less concern about the cost of post-baccalaureate education; (3) political participation of parents is not a factor in student career choices; and (4) secondary school environment exerts little influence on career choices, aside from some measure of teacher influence. Recommendations relating to increased assistance and counseling for rural minority students are made. Appendices include a bibliography; the survey instruments; histograms of most frequently chosen majors; a rank order of traditional and nontraditional majors; and a table showing distribution of subjects by county of residence. (CJM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ************************w********************************************** Research Bulletin No. 31 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CAREER CHOICES OF RURAL MINORITY STUDENTS "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Be e A : Ca, M oo eit. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " September, 1983 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IER1C) /cos document has been reproduced as tecoved horn the Dotson or organisation orginat1119 ot. Monot changes have been made to improve toPrOducuen qualoy Po.nts 01 we* of opiluOnS stated . 11 tha deco. ment do not neteSsenly represent otliCel NIE postenn et policy. Bernice Moore, Principal Investigator Research Fellow, 1890 Research, South Carolina State College 1890 Research South Carolina State College
An Empirical Survey On The Prospects Of Mobile Money In Morocco

The main purpose of the study is to examine the intention of the Moroccan customers to adopt mobile money, as well as the factors that may lead to it. The study employs descriptive statistics, one sample t-test and multiple regression. 400 questionnaires were randomly distributed to the Moroccan banks’ customers. The findings indicate that the Moroccan customers have the willingness to adopt mobile money. Furthermore, the results show that complexity, relative advantage, compatibility, and trialability are good predictors of the intention to adopt mobile money in Morocco.