Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acetylation of Rb by PCAF is required for nuclear localization and keratinocyte differentiation

Although the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) functions as a checkpoint in the cell cycle, it also regulates differentiation. It has recently been shown that Rb is acetylated during differentiation; however, the role of this modification has not been identified. Depletion of Rb levels with short hairpin RNA resulted in inhibition of human keratinocyte differentiation, delayed cell cycle exit and allowed cell cycle re-entry. Restoration of Rb levels rescued defects in differentiation and cell cycle exit and re-entry; however, re-expression of Rb with the major acetylation sites mutated did not. During keratinocyte differentiation, acetylation of Rb is mediated by PCAF and it is further shown that PCAF acetyltransferase activity is also required for normal differentiation. The major acetylation sites in Rb are located within the nuclear localization sequence and, although mutation did not alter Rb localization in cycling cells, the mutant is mislocalized to the cytoplasm during differentiation. Studies indicate that acetylation is a mechanism for controlling Rb localization in human keratinocytes, with either reduction of the PCAF or exogenous expression of the deacetylase SIRT1, resulting in mislocalization of Rb. These findings identify PCAF-mediated acetylation of Rb as an event required to retain Rb within the nucleus during keratinocyte differentiation.
Interactive effects of temperature and dietary supplementation of arginine or guanidinoacetic acid on nutritional and physiological responses in male broiler chickens

ABSTRACT 1. The aim of this experiment was to study the interactive effect of rearing temperature and dietary supplementation of arginine (Arg) or guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on performance, gut morphology and ascites indices in broiler chickens raised under the same condition in the first 2 weeks and then reared under normal (23–26°C) or subnormal (17°C) ambient temperatures for the next 3 weeks. 2. This experiment was conducted as a split plot with 900 Ross 308 male broiler chicks that were allocated to two houses (as main plots); each consisted of 5 treatments (as sub-plots) with 6 replicates of 15 birds. The 5 diets were (1) control, (2) control + 0.60 g/kg GAA, (3) control + 1.20 g/kg GAA, (4) control + 0.86 g/kg Arg and (5) control + 1.72 g/kg Arg. 3. Feed intake (0–35 d) of birds fed on a diet containing 1.2 g GAA/kg and reared under normal temperature was reduced compared to control fed birds. Birds fed on a diet containing 1.72 g/kg Arg and reared under subnormal temperature had higher weight gain compared to those fed on control or GAA-added diets in overall study period. 4. Supplementation of diets with Arg alleviated the adverse effect of cold stress as reflected by reduction in blood haematocrit (41% vs. 37%), and right ventricle to total ventricle ratio (0.28 vs. 0.25) at 35 d of age. Addition of Arg to the diet of birds reared under cold stress resulted in a higher jejunal villus surface area compared to those fed on control or GAA-added diets. 5. Findings of this study revealed that Arg or GAA supplementation of diets did not affect performance of birds under normal temperatures, but Arg supplementation of the diet significantly alleviated the adverse effect of cold stress on performance, gut development and ascites syndrome. In addition, GAA supplementation at 1.2 g/kg improved jejunal villus surface area in birds raised under subnormal temperature.
Identification of a Compound That Disrupts Binding of Amyloid-β to the Prion Protein Using a Novel Fluorescence-based Assay*

Background: The cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) is implicated in Alzheimer disease as a receptor for amyloid-β (Aβ). Results: An assay was developed capable of identifying inhibitors of Aβ binding to PrPC. Conclusion: Chicago Sky Blue inhibits Aβ binding to PrPC. Significance: This is the first small molecule shown to disrupt the binding of Aβ to PrPC. The prion protein (PrP) has been implicated both in prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, where its monomeric cellular isoform (PrPC) is recruited into pathogenic self-propagating polymers of misfolded protein, and in Alzheimer disease, where PrPC may act as a receptor for synaptotoxic oligomeric forms of amyloid-β (Aβ). There has been considerable interest in identification of compounds that bind to PrPC, stabilizing its native fold and thereby acting as pharmacological chaperones to block prion propagation and pathogenesis. However, compounds binding PrPC could also inhibit the binding of toxic Aβ species and may have a role in treating Alzheimer disease, a highly prevalent dementia for which there are currently no disease-modifying treatments. However, the absence of a unitary, readily measurable, physiological function of PrP makes screening for ligands challenging, and the highly heterogeneous nature of Aβ oligomer preparations makes conventional competition binding assays difficult to interpret. We have therefore developed a high-throughput screen that utilizes site-specifically fluorescently labeled protein to identify compounds that bind to PrP and inhibit both Aβ binding and prion propagation. Following a screen of 1,200 approved drugs, we identified Chicago Sky Blue 6B as the first small molecule PrP ligand capable of inhibiting Aβ binding, demonstrating the feasibility of development of drugs to block this interaction. The interaction of Chicago Sky Blue 6B was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry, and its ability to inhibit Aβ binding and reduce prion levels was established in cell-based assays.
The impact of FTP on commitment to career choices: situating within a social cognitive perspective

Future time perspective (FTP) is an important theoretical construct that may assist educators in their understanding of individuals' learning, motivation and decision-making. There is empirical evidence attesting to the predictive effects of anticipation of future goals on both cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. The present study, based on previous conceptualizations, proposes the statistical testing of the impact of FTP on commitment to career choices and academic achievement in the subject educational psychology, via personal self-efficacy beliefs and effort expenditure. Two hundred and fifty-six first-year university students (151 women and 105 men) were administered a number of Likert-scale inventories and path analytical procedures were used to validate the hypothesized structural relations. The results yielded from a comparison of different a priori models indicate the impact of FTP on commitment to career choices and academic achievement indirectly, via personal self-efficacy. Personal self-efficacy is also found to exert positive effects on vocational exploration and academic achievement, highlighting the potency of social cognitive theory. In general, the findings obtained provide empirical grounding for applied educational practices and continuing research development.
Acoustical Absorption and Scattering Cross Sections of Spherical Bubble Clouds

The present work investigates the acoustical absorption and scattering cross sections of spherical bubble clouds subject to harmonic farfield pressure excitation. Bubble dynamics effects and energy dissipation due to viscosity, heat transfer, liquid compressibility, and relative motion of the two phases are included. The equations of motion for the average flow and for the bubble radius are linearized and a closed-form solution is obtained. Due to the presence of natural oscillatory modes and frequencies, the acoustical cross sections of the cloud are very different from those of each individual bubble in the cloud, as well as from the acoustical cross sections of a single large bubble with the same volume of vapor and gas. In general, the acoustical properties of any give volume of the dispersed phase depend strongly on the degree of dispersion because of the complex interactions of the dynamics of the bubbles with the whole flow.
Search Behavior on Multi-Choice Hiding Tasks: Evidence for an Objective Conception of Space in Infancy

Nineto 10-month old infants were presented with a series of visible displacement hiding trials at a first location (A), and, subsequently, at a second location (B). Infants had to choose among 3, 5, or 6 salient alternative search locations on each trial. Infants seldom searched perseveratively during B-hiding trials, regardless of the number of alternative search locations presented. Instead, infant search attempts tended to cluster around the currently correct location during Aand B-hiding trials on all apparatuses. These findings suggest that infants do not err on visible displacement tasks because they (a) link objects with previous action-locations, (b) rely upon egocentric spatial reference systems, or (c) confuse different hiding locations as a result of a specific form of retrieval competition from the previous hiding location. The results are discussed as evidence for a memory explanation of infant search behavior which contends that infants comprehend the objective nature of spatial relationships, but are less effective information processors than older individuals.
Enjoyment of Advergames and Brand Attitudes

ABSTRACT Campaigns increasingly implement advergames to engage consumers with a brand through interactive, entertaining media content. However, little research tests the effects of specific features of advergames on desired advertising outcomes. This article reports the results of an experiment designed to examine how variation in the thematic connection between the game associated with an advergame and the brand affects the relationship between attitude toward the game (equated with attitude toward the ad) and attitude toward the brand. The analysis reveals a stronger positive relationship between attitude toward the advergame and attitude toward the brand when participants play games with a high thematic connection to the brand’s product. Therefore, designing advergames that relate thematically to the product of the sponsoring brand should increase the likelihood of positive conditioning of brand attitudes evoked by playing an advergame.
Brand personality inference: The moderating role of product meaning

Abstract This study draws on categorisation theory to investigate how consumers make brand personality inferences. Its purpose is to determine the basic category at which consumers make brand personality inferences and whether this level varies for functional and symbolic products. Experimental results show that the basic level of categorisation for brand personality inferences is the brand level for symbolic products and the product type level for functional products. These findings suggest that managers may have less latitude to adopt diverse personalities for functional than symbolic products. The study also demonstrates that, in contrast to prior work, future research on brand personality should consider a wider range of sources of personality.
Predictors and Consequences of Suppressing Obsessional Thoughts

Abstract Cognitive-behavioral models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) assert that negative appraisals of obsessional thoughts lead to distress over the thoughts and drive ameliorative actions such as thought suppression and compulsions. These responses in turn play a role in the persistence of the disorder. However, past research has not examined (a) what factors lead individuals to suppress obsessional thoughts; (b) whether certain predictors and consequences relate to suppression uniquely or can be explained by general factors such as negative mood and neuroticism; or (c) individuals' natural active suppression of obsessions. The current study addresses these limitations by examining the roles of natural suppression and distress over thought intrusions in the thought-appraisal/OC symptoms relationship while controlling for general factors. Ninety-one nonclinical participants completed a variety of measures assessing theoretically relevant constructs. After their obsessional thought was primed, they recorded their thoughts for 6 minutes and then rated their suppression effort. Four hours later, longer-term outcomes were assessed. Path analyses supported most components of cognitive-behavioral models.
Effect of maternal and neonatal interleukin-6 − 174 G/C polymorphism on preterm birth and neonatal morbidity

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze maternal and neonatal interleukin 6 (IL-6) (−174 G/C) polymorphism and to determine effect on preterm birth and neonatal morbidity. Study Design: One hundred and sixty-four mothers (100 term births, 64 preterm births) and 183 newborn infants who were 100 healthy term and 83 preterm babies followed in newborn intensive care units were evaluated. PCR-RFLP was performed for IL-6 (−174 G/C) genotyping. Results: The rate of GG genotype in mothers of term and preterm infants were 54% (n = 54/100), 75% (n = 48/64), respectively (p > .05) and the rate of GC + CC genotype was 46% (n = 46/100) and 25% (n = 16/64) in mothers giving term and preterm birth (PTB), respectively (p < .05). Additionally, the rate of GG genotype was 65% (n = 65/100) and 81.9% (n = 68/83) in term infants and preterm infants, respectively. GC + CC genotype was 35% (n = 35/100) in term infants and 18.1% (n = 15/83) in preterm infants (p < .05). The effect of IL-6 (−174) GC + CC genotype on PTB was statistically significant. Conclusion: The IL-6 174 G/C gene polymorphism was significantly different between mothers who were giving to term and preterm birth. The presence of polymorphism is protective against preterm birth and was not associated with neonatal outcome.
A high protein low fat meal does not influence glucose and insulin responses in obese individuals with or without type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND When substituted for carbohydrate in a meal, dietary protein enhances glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM2). It is unknown whether the effect is a result of increased protein or reduced carbohydrate. The present study aimed to compare the effects of two meals differing in protein to fat ratios on post-prandial glucose and insulin responses. METHODS This was a crossover, blind study in which obese subjects with (n = 23) and without (n = 26) DM2 consumed two meals in random order with equal amounts of energy (3.1 MJ, 741 kcal), fibre and carbohydrates and a 1-week washout period. Meals were a high protein, low fat (30% protein, 51% carbohydrates, 19% fat) meal and a low protein, high fat (15% protein, 51% carbohydrates, 34% fat) meal. Subjects were matched for age and body mass index. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at fasting, 30, 60, 90, 120 min post-prandially. Insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity were assessed. RESULTS There was no significant meal effect on glucose and insulin responses within groups. Glucose response was higher in diabetic (120 min 11 +/- 0.7 mmol L(-1)) compared to nondiabetic (120 min 5 +/- 0.2; P < 0.001) subjects. Diabetic subjects had significantly higher insulin resistance (P < 0.001) and lower insulin sensitivity (P < 0.001) than nondiabetics. Although peak insulin levels, 60 min post-prandially, did not differ between groups (81 +/- 9 pmol L(-1) for diabetic versus 79 +/- 7 pmol L(-1) for nondiabetic subjects), they were achieved much later, 90 min post-prandially, in diabetic, (99 +/- 8 pmol L(-1)) compared to nondiabetic (63 +/- 7 pmol L(-1), P = 0.002) subjects. CONCLUSIONS Manipulating protein to fat ratio in meals does not affect post-prandial plasma blood glucose or insulin responses in obese people with and without DM2.
Repletion of TNFα or leptin in calorically restricted mice suppresses post-restriction hyperphagia

SUMMARY The causes of post-restriction hyperphagia (PRH) represent a target for drug-based therapies to prevent obesity. However, the factors causing PRH are poorly understood. We show that, in mice, the extent of PRH was independent of the time under restriction, but depended on its severity, suggesting that PRH was driven by signals from altered body composition. Signals related to fat mass were important drivers. Circulating levels of leptin and TNFα were significantly depleted following caloric restriction (CR). We experimentally repleted their levels to match those of controls, and found that in both treatment groups the level of PRH was significantly blunted. These data establish a role for TNFα and leptin in the non-pathological regulation of energy homeostasis. Signals from adipose tissue, including but not limited to leptin and TNFα, regulate PRH and might be targets for therapies that support people engaged in CR to reduce obesity.
Models of visual word recognition: When obscuring the stimulus yields a clearer view.

It is well known that visual word recognition is influenced by context, word frequency, and stimulus quality. A processing account is outlined in which stimulus quality affects the orthographic input lexicon, whereas context influences both the orthographic input lexicon and the semantic system. Word frequency exerts its primary effects on the pathways that link lexical systems with each other and with the semantic system. Previous findings that are problematic for alternative models along with the results of two new experiments are consistent with this account
The Effect of Phylogenetically Different Bacteria on the Fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens in Sand Microcosms

In most environments many microorganisms live in close vicinity and can interact in various ways. Recent studies suggest that bacteria are able to sense and respond to the presence of neighbouring bacteria in the environment and alter their response accordingly. This ability might be an important strategy in complex habitats such as soils, with great implications for shaping the microbial community structure. Here, we used a sand microcosm approach to investigate how Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 responds to the presence of monocultures or mixtures of two phylogenetically different bacteria, a Gram-negative (Pedobacter sp. V48) and a Gram-positive (Bacillus sp. V102) under two nutrient conditions. Results revealed that under both nutrient poor and nutrient rich conditions confrontation with the Gram-positive Bacillus sp. V102 strain led to significant lower cell numbers of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1, whereas confrontation with the Gram-negative Pedobacter sp. V48 strain did not affect the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1. However, when Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 was confronted with the mixture of both strains, no significant effect on the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 was observed. Quantitative real-time PCR data showed up-regulation of genes involved in the production of a broad-spectrum antibiotic in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 when confronted with Pedobacter sp. V48, but not in the presence of Bacillus sp. V102. The results provide evidence that the performance of bacteria in soil depends strongly on the identity of neighbouring bacteria and that inter-specific interactions are an important factor in determining microbial community structure.
Adductor Canal Block—or Subsartorial Canal Block?

FIGURE 2. Dissection showing absence of dye in the femoral triangle (1, femoral nerve; 2, sartorius muscle; 3, branch to rectus femoris; 4, articular branches; 5, femoral vessels). I read with great interest the conflicting correspondence between Jaeger et al and Bendtsen et al regarding the anatomy of the adductor canal and femoral triangle. The femoral triangle is unequivocally defined by the boundaries of the inguinal ligament superiorly, medial border of sartorius laterally, and the medial border of adductor longus medially. Once the neurovascular complex is posterior of sartorius (subsartorial), it is by definition not in the femoral triangle. It is lateral and possibly distal, as stated by Jaeger et al. If any ambiguity does exist, it is how to define the subsartorial space inferior of the femoral triangle but superior to the vastoadductor membrane. Bendtsen et al describe this as “located outside the adductor canal. ” The confusion lies in the fact that some anatomy texts define the roof of the adductor canal as the vastoadductor membrane, whereas others state that it is the subsartorial continuation from the apex of the femoral triangle. Tubbs et al investigated the anatomy of the adductor canal and specifically the vastoadductor membrane by dissecting 16 embalmed cadavers. The membrane was identified in all specimens. Themean length from the anterior superior iliac spine to the proximal border of the vastoadductor membrane was 28 cm. Its length ranged from 5.5 to 15 cm long. Tubbs et al chose to use the term “subsartorial canal” to describe the space in its
Malignant Teratoma in the Adult Thyroid Gland

The patient . who was born and brought up in Baghdad . was found to havea small nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid gland on routine medical examination in 1969, when he was aged 21. A 24-hour neck uptake o f 1111 at that time was 59.5% and a thyroid sca n showed a "cold" area over the nodule. He was treated with l-thyroxine but the swelling increase i in size and by September 1971 it had become a large. mobile mass bulging over the left clav icle. The right lobe of the gland appeared on palpation to contain multiple nodules. Partial thyroidectomy was performed on 18 September 1971 by Mr. Y. M. Mohammed. The rem oved specimen measured Bern. in its largest diameter and had a smooth surface . The ca psule mea sured O.2cm. in its a verag e thickness . The tumour was dark gre y in co lo ur a nd had a homogeneous appearance. There were areas of haemorrhage and necrosis within it. Eleven pieces of th yroid tumour weighi ng I05g. were removed . Th ey were grey In appearance and one area contained cartilage. " Microscopica lly. tumour iscomposed of several cell types; small hyperchromatic ova l nuclei forming hands and tubules resembling foe tal neuroepithelium predominate. a nd arc interspers ed with areas of mesenchyme ( Fig. I) a nd imm ature ca rti lage. Necros is is prominent a nd mitoses plent iful. Th e tumour is partly enc ap sulated (Fig. 2) a nd may represent a met astasis in a co llo id nodule". A histological diagnosis of mal ignant teratoma olthe th yroid was mad e. The patient was refer red to Hammersm ith Hospital for further tr eatment lat er in Septemher 1971. On examination. the patient was a healthy yo ung man of good physique. He had a so und ly healed sca r in the lower part o f the neck . There was no mass palpable in the thyroid and no cervica l lymphadenopathy was detected . Che st and a bd ominal examination were normal and the testes a lso felt quite normal. He remained well until February 1972 when he sudde nly developed a tender lymph node mass in the left side