Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
YES, a Src Family Kinase, Is a Proximal Glucose-specific Activator of Cell Division Cycle Control Protein 42 (Cdc42) in Pancreatic Islet β Cells*

Background: Although Cdc42 signaling is a known requirement for insulin secretion to occur, how it is initiated remains unknown. Results: YES kinase is required for Cdc42 activation in human islets and β cells. Conclusion: YES is a proximal, glucose-specific activator of Cdc42 and glucose-simulated insulin secretion. Significance: YES may provide a novel target for improvement of functional β cell mass. Second-phase insulin secretion sustains insulin release in the face of hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance, requiring the continued mobilization of insulin secretory granules to the plasma membrane. Cdc42, the small Rho family GTPase recognized as the proximal glucose-specific trigger to elicit second-phase insulin secretion, signals downstream to activate the p21-activated kinase (PAK1), which then signals to Raf-1/MEK/ERK to induce filamentous actin (F-actin) remodeling, to ultimately mobilize insulin granules to the plasma membrane. However, the steps required to initiate Cdc42 activation in a glucose-specific manner in β cells have remained elusive. Toward this, we identified the involvement of the Src family kinases (SFKs), based upon the ability of SFK inhibitors to block glucose-stimulated Cdc42 and PAK1 activation events as well as the amplifying pathway of glucose-stimulated insulin release, in MIN6 β cells. Indeed, subsequent studies performed in human islets revealed that SFK phosphorylation was induced only by glucose and within 1 min of stimulation before the activation of Cdc42 at 3 min. Furthermore, pervanadate treatment validated the phosphorylation event to be tyrosine-specific. Although RT-PCR showed β cells to express five different SFK proteins, only two of these, YES and Fyn kinases, were found localized to the plasma membrane, and of these two, only YES kinase underwent glucose-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. Immunodetection and RNAi analyses further established YES kinase as a proximal glucose-specific signal in the Cdc42-signaling cascade. Identification of YES kinase provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying the sustainment of insulin secretion via granule mobilization/replenishment and F-actin remodeling.
Effects of Word Processing and Short‐term Memory Deficits on Verbal Learning: Evidence from Aphasia

We report two experiments that investigate the abilities of aphasic subjects with lexical and short-term memory impairments to learn supraspan lists of 10 words. We examined effects of stimulus factors (characteristics of words and lists to be learned) and subject factors (verbal and nonverbal STM span, nature of language impairment). Learning ability was influenced by the imageability and frequency of the words to be learned (Experiment 1) and by the linguistic relationship among words in a list (Experiment 2). Additionally, learning ability was affected by the nature of a subject's word processing deficit (whether it involved semantic and/or phonological processes). Phonological ability was positively associated with learning in both experiments, and semantic ability was associated with learning when words in a list were high in both frequency and imageability (Experiment 1) or were contextually related to one another (Experiment 2). Finally, verbal STM span was positively related to learning performanc.
Deinstitutionalization of People With Developmental Disabilities: A Review of the Literature

Ontario has recently closed its last 3 institutions for persons with developmental disabilities. Very little research has been conducted on Canadian deinstitutionalization projects, and the impacts and bona fides of such endeavours have not been well documented in Canada. However, the closing of institutions has occurred in most Western jurisdictions and has been the subject of much research in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Although community services are of variable quality, this literature review suggests that the Ontario plan to close institutional facilities in favour of community-based residential services will be of general benefit to former institutional residents. Contemplated from a distance, deinstitutionalization seems a benign and essentially decent government policy that high-mindedly brings back to the community those individuals with developmental disabilities who have lived through years of segregation in institutional settings. However, when institution closures hit closer to home, the reactions are much more visceral (Wente, 2005). Deinstitutionalization continues to be controversial (Parish, 2005; Taylor, 2001). Indeed, even in academia—among researchers—challenges arise over the integrity of research and the conclusions drawn (Felce 2006; Taylor & Wyngaarden Krauss, 2006; Walsh & Kastner, 2006). Moreover, ongoing litigation surrounds the closure of institutional settings (Ferleger & Boyd, 1980; Smith, 2005). There are, of course, legitimate interests at play here: Institutional closures may mean the loss of jobs, with a concomitant impact on local economies. Institution residents often have complex needs and have resided in such settings for decades, and many families are concerned for their welfare. For the people involved, and for those charged with welcoming former institutional residents, what are the challenges, and what might be the expected outcomes?
Class, caste and housing in rural Pakistani Punjab: The untold story of the Five Marla Scheme

This article examines the contemporary significance of caste as a dimension of social stratification in Pakistani Punjab, using rural housing as a vantage point. Work on the interplay of class and kinship group, mediated by status hierarchy between agricultural and non-agricultural castes, serves as a point of departure. The organisation of the system of private property in rural land, based on the colonial village record and land alienation laws, is actively used to maintain class power and status hierarchy between kinship groups. Post-independence reforms sustained caste disadvantage, which is particularly conspicuous with regard to housing. The Five Marla Scheme was an exceptional intervention, rooted in populist electoral politics of the 1970s, which provided residential land to rural workers belonging to non-agricultural castes. This significant but dormant and largely undocumented intervention is examined through the case study of a large village in Okara district. We argue for a re-engagement with caste as a valid category for the understanding of class and citizenship in Pakistani Punjab.
Intimate, ambivalent and erotic mentoring: Popular culture and mentor–mentee relational processes in Mad Men

Mentoring centers on the development of another person through career, psychosocial and role modeling support. As popular cultural portrayals and gendered critiques of mentoring show, not all can be categorized as rational, instrumental and positive. There often are unconscious forces that drive particular mentoring arrangements and offer entrée points into mentorship analyses that contrast with rational approaches. Popular culture images provide an arena to critique dominant mentoring practices. Towards this end, we critically examine the award-winning drama Mad Men (Weiner, 2007) and uncover how non-rational mentoring practices are depicted. We argue that characters engage in intimate, ambivalent and erotic mentoring processes in which loyalties shift and neuroses reflect the nature of workplace social relations. Our critique displays characters’ complicity in perpetuating asymmetrical gendered workplace relations through practices that are seemingly non-rational, presumably meritocratic and/or captured by archetypal mentoring relationships.
Student Teachers' Conceptions about Global Warming and Changes in Their Conceptions during Pre-Service Education: A Cross Sectional Study.

Global warming is one of the important environmental problems whose dangerous effects are increasing gradually. The study reported herein aimed to reveal student teachers’ conceptions about global warming and the effect of biology teacher education program on their awareness of this environmental issue. An open-ended questionnaire was used to collect the study’s data. Participants were 32 first and 37 fifth year biology student teachers. The results showed that both groups had some confusions and concerns about global warming. All of the student teachers were under the impression that ozone layer depletion was the main cause of global warming and they assumed that greenhouse effect was completely an anthropogenic phenomenon rather than a naturally occurring process. In addition, the pre-service education did not seem to have an important effect on student teachers’ awareness of global warming. Discussion of the findings and suggestions for teacher education and future research are included at the end of the paper.
On the Size Distortion from Linearly Interpolating Low-frequency Series for Cointegration Tests

We analyze the sizes of standard cointegration tests applied to data subject to linear interpolation, discovering evidence of substantial size distortions induced by the interpolation. We propose modifications to these tests to effectively eliminate size distortion from such tests conducted on data interpolated from end-of-period sampled low-frequency series. Our results generally do not support linear interpolation when alternatives such as aggregation or mixed-frequency-modified tests are possible.
The Relationship of Family Support to Family Outcomes: A Synthesis of Key Findings from Research on Severe Disability

There has been a gradual shift from a deficit to a support model for understanding disability over the last two decades. Although more attention is focused on supports at the individual level, policy has provided for the provision of family support. Despite this policy, families' needs for support are on the rise; and research suggests that families of children with severe and multiple disabilities may be at the highest risk for unmet need. This review synthesizes literature published between 1990 and 2010 that reported the relationship between family support and family outcomes (family functioning, family satisfaction, family quality of life, and family stress) for families of children with moderate to severe disabilities. We also report the conceptualization and measurement of family support in the research literature included in the review. Findings showed that (a) across studies, family support was significantly related to family outcomes; (b) there was wide variability in the types and sources of support assessed; and (c) operational definitions of family support were lacking. A discussion of the findings, including limitations of the review, themes, and implications are provided.
Integrated analysis of the health and social inequalities of Spanish adolescents

This survey descriptive study presents the process leading up to the creation of a global health score for adolescents. In recent years, the concept of health, which is the bases for this study, has undergone changes to include both dysfunctional elements as well as the individual resources that protect health. The sample was made up of 18,955 adolescents between 11 to 18 years of age, in Spain and with participants in each of the regions making up the kingdom of Spain. Using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis techniques, the results showed a global dimension of the health, starting from self-report indicators of life satisfaction, health-related quality of life, perception of the general state of health and psychosomatic complaints. This health score decreased as age increased and more notably among girls, as well as in adolescents from low-income families. The comparative analyses between regions showed differences which were, in principle, not attributable to the economic well-being of the geographic area. Finally, these results and their implications were discussed, as well as the importance of the calculation used in the analysis of the social inequalities in health.
Multiple Access Performance of Balanced UWB Transmitted-Reference Systems in Multipath

Recently, a novel balanced transmitted-reference (TR) system has been proposed for UWB communications. This TR system is capable of properly eliminating the inter-pulse interference (IPI) between the reference and data pulses in a single user multipath environment. In this paper, we investigate its multiple access (MA) performance by evaluating the second- order moments of noise and interference terms. The analytical framework developed here can also be used to accurately evaluate the MA performance of conventional TR system. It is shown that the proposed balanced TR system can achieve comparable MA capacity as conventional TR, while operating at higher information rate. On the other hand, given a target information rate, the balanced TR system in conjunction with M-ary signaling offers higher MA capacity than conventional TR system. The performance results suggest there exists a trade-off between the inter-pulse distance, thus the achievable information rate, and the MA capacity.
Individual Differences in Instructor Attitudes Underlying Maltreatment and Effective Mentoring in Basic Military Training

U.S. Air Force noncommissioned officers assigned to basic military training instructor (MTI) duty completed measures of attitudes previously linked to sexual harassment and sexual assault in the research literature: (a) attitudes of antipathy toward women (hostile sexism, Glick & Fiske, 1996), and (b) attitudes favoring authoritarian use of power. Concurrent validation against trainee evaluations of MTIs on broader criteria showed that proauthoritarian attitudes were negatively associated with ratings of MTI effectiveness in mentoring and leadership; additionally, MTIs with stronger attitudes of hostile sexism were more likely reported as engaging in maltreatment of female trainees. These initial results contribute to ongoing understanding of individual differences as relevant to improve screening for a position of authority over the lowest ranking, and potentially most vulnerable military members. Directions for future research and implications for personnel selection and broader cultural changes are discussed.
Development of separation technology for the removal of radium-223 from targeted thorium conjugate formulations. Part I: purification of decayed thorium-227 on cation exchange columns

Abstract Targeted thorium conjugates (TTCs) are being explored as a potential future platform for specific tumor targeting pharmaceuticals. In TTCs, the alpha emitting radionuclide thorium-227 (227Th) with a half-life of 18.697 d is labeled to targeting moieties, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The amount of daughter nuclide radium-223 (223Ra, t1/2 = 11.435 d) will increase during manufacture and distribution, and so a technology for purification is required to assure an acceptable level of 223Ra is administrated to the patient. Since 223Ra is the only progeny of 227Th with a long half-life (days), the progenies of 223Ra will have a very limited stay in the formulation once 223Ra is removed. The focus in this study has, therefore, been on the removal of 223Ra. In this study, the sorption and separation of 223Ra (radium(II)) and 227Th (thorium(IV)) on cation exchange columns has been evaluated as a purification method of decayed 227Th (i.e. prior to radiolabelling of a mAb and formation of TTC). The goal is to minimize the sorption of 227Th and maximize the sorption of 223Ra. Statistical experimental design with formulation and process parameters, including buffered formulations comprising citrate and acetate, at various concentrations and pH, presence of free radical scavenger and chelator, and resin amount have been evaluated for impact on the purification process. The studies have been interpreted by the aid of multivariate data analysis. The correlations between design of experimental variables and sorption are summarized by regression models. The predictive accuracy of radionuclide sorption was given by standard deviation and 95% confidence intervals originating from statistical cross validation. Experimental results and statistical models for citrate-buffered formulations verified reproducible and acceptable sorption levels of 223Ra and 227Th under selected conditions. For acetate-buffered formulations, prediction of 227Th sorption was influenced by complex variable relationships and hence a risk of obtaining irreproducibility. Fine-tuned variable levels showed, however, variable combinations predicting high sorption of 223Ra (>90%) and low sorption of 227Th (<3%) also for the acetate-buffered formulations. The optimal separation conditions should be decided based on tuning the variables levels for 223Ra in the citrate-buffered formulations, while for acetate, the optimal separation should be based on tuning variable levels for 227Th sorption. The ionic strength of the formulation also seemed to affect the radionuclide sorption. Labeling of an antibody-chelator conjugate with purified 227Th (i.e. preparation of TTC) was successful in the selected citrate-buffered formulations tested.
Factor Structure of the Bumby RAPE Scale

Rape-supportive cognition is both theoretically and empirically related to rape. Several types of rape-supportive cognition (cognitive distortions) have been identified in the literature, suggesting that rapists’ rape-supportive cognition may be multidimensional. The Bumby RAPE Scale is one measure of rape-supportive cognition. The authors conducted an exploratory factor analysis using polychoric correlations to examine the types of rape-supportive cognition assessed by the Bumby RAPE Scale with a sample of 280 adult male sex offenders. A two-factor model was found; the two factors were labeled Excusing Rape and Justifying Rape. The current study suggests that the Bumby RAPE Scale is multidimensional. This factor structure may provide greater precision and clarity in the assessment of rape-supportive cognition, which may facilitate more informative research and, ultimately, contribute to more effective sex offender treatment and management.
Math and Science Social Cognitive Variables in College Students

This study investigated the influence of two contextual factors, parental involvement and perceived career barriers, on math/science goals. Using social cognitive career theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994), a path model was tested to investigate hypothesized relationships between math- and science-related efficacy beliefs (i.e., task and coping) and perceived career barriers to math/science interests and goals in a sample of 227 undergraduates. Overall fit indices supported a model for the direct contribution of parental involvement largely to outcome expectations and moderately to math/science task self-efficacy and perceived barriers. Parental involvement directly and indirectly predicted goals through its strong relationship with outcome expectations. Outcome expectations and interests directly predicted goal intentions. Evidence supported coping efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between perceived career barriers and goals. Future research directions and practice implications are discussed.
Performance evaluation of the 1st and 2nd generation Kinect for multimedia applications

Microsoft Kinect had a key role in the development of consumer depth sensors being the device that brought depth acquisition to the mass market. Despite the success of this sensor, with the introduction of the second generation, Microsoft has completely changed the technology behind the sensor from structured light to Time-Of-Flight. This paper presents a comparison of the data provided by the first and second generation Kinect in order to explain the achievements that have been obtained with the switch of technology. After an accurate analysis of the accuracy of the two sensors under different conditions, two sample applications, i.e., 3D reconstruction and people tracking, are presented and used to compare the performance of the two sensors.
Evaluating Probation Based Offender Programmes for Domestic Violence Perpetrators: A Pro‐Feminist Approach

Developments in our understanding of domestic violence and its criminalisation have led some probation areas in the UK to adopt pro–feminist offender groupwork programmes as a means of rehabilitating these offenders. The renaissance of the rehabilitative ideal within probation areas has been followed by the need to prove its effectiveness. This article discusses the justifications of providing rehabilitation for this category of offender, outlines the pro–feminist approach and provides a guide to conducting well designed evaluations within a probation context in light of earlier British evaluations. It concludes by calling for further well designed evaluations to be conducted.
Effect of germination periods and conditions on chemical composition, fatty acids and amino acids of two black cumin seeds.

Background. Chemical composition changes drastically during seeds germination because biochemical activity produces essential compounds and energy, and some nutrients transform to bioactive components as a part of these changes. There are some reports about the effect of germination on nutrient contents of different seeds, but very little information is available on black cumin seed. Besides, most studies have been conducted using a single set of germination conditions, and reports on the effect of modifying the processing conditions are scarce. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of different germination conditions on the content of chemical composition, fatty acids and amino acids of two black cumin seeds originated from Ethiopia (Africa) and Syria (Asia). Methods. Germination process was carried out according to the Urbano method. Proximate chemical analysis were estimated using AOAC method. The fatty acid composition was determined by gas liquid chromatography and amino acid composition by procedures described by Mario. Statistical analysis was performed on all obtained values. Results. The content of moisture, oil, crude protein, ash and total carbohydrates of raw Ethiopian sample were slightly higher than the amounts of raw Syrian sample. Germination of the two samples increased both oil and protein contents while other constituents were decreased. Little change was observed in fatty acids after germination as saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids were decreased, while the total of polyunsaturated fatty acids was increased. The total amino acids increased during germination and it affected by germination conditions. Germinated seeds showed noticeable decreases in the contents of K, Na, Ca and Fe. The results suggested that germinated black seeds are a good food material with improved nutritional properties
`Real' violence?: Gender and (male) violence — an Australian perspective

Based on the findings of an exploratory study this article focuses on the ways in which a group of South Australian practitioners, engaged in work with men who are violent towards their female partners, construct and understand male violence. Evident in the participants' understandings of violence is a tendency, firstly, to dichotomize violence into two `types' — that directed towards other men and that directed at women; and, secondly, to categorize violence as either `normal'/ unremarkable (male-to-male violence) or gendered (`domestic' violence). In distinguishing between gendered violence and `other' violence, such as that between men in the public sphere, the latter is constructed as `ordinary' violence, worthy of intervention in only certain, `extreme' or excessive, circumstances. It is argued that these understandings, based upon a conflation of masculinity and violence, reflect the broader context of gendered power, disciplinary knowledge and expertise, and have significant implications for the ways in which male violence is explained and addressed, and, in the Australian context, the associated marginalization of domestic violence as an area of professional intervention.