Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspect An Introduction To The Study Of Verbal Aspect And Related Problems

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The Relationship between Complex Problem Solving and Intelligence: An Analysis of Three Computer Simulated Scenarios

The gap between field research and laboratory research has always been a problem in psychology. With the introduction of computers into the laboratory, computer simulated tasks allowed the observation of complex problem solving performance in the laboratory with a higher degree of ecological validity than ever before. The main aim of this thesis was to explore the relationship between complex problem solving ability and intelligence by presenting the results of two studies, using over 400 adults. Complex problem solving ability was assessed by performance on three computer simulations: Furniture Factory, Tailorshop, and Forestry System. The theory of fluid and crystallised intelligence guided the selection of cognitive abilities tests. Relationships between broad cognitive abilities including Fluid reasoning (Gf), Acculturation knowledge (Gc), Visual processing (Gv), Quantitative knowledge (Gq), and Processing speed (Gs) with computer simulation performance were explored. Previous research exploring the relationship between complex problem solving and intelligence has led to inconsistent and often contradictory findings. Scoring problems in previous research were addressed and for all three computer simulations, relationships between intelligence and complex problem solving were found. Overall, Gf and Gc explained 20% of the variance in complex problem solving. Correlations between intelligence and complex problem solving increased when specific cognitive abilities tests and aggregated computer simulation scores were employed, rather than the employment of general or factor scores of intelligence and final computer simulation scores. A new aggregated scoring technique (goal achievement) that allowed consistent scoring across different computer simulations was developed. The strongest relationship between intelligence and complex problem solving was observed between
Actitudes y motivaciones de los estudiantes de ciencias en Bachillerato y Universidad hacia el aprendizaje de la Física

Taking into account that students' attitudes and motivations could affect their behavior and learning, the aim of this paper is to analyze those attitudes and motivations toward the learning of physics of high school students (16-18) and university students of several scientific degrees. Data was gathered both at the start and at the end of the 2013/2014 academic year and they provided some conclusions: first, the results indicate that whereas the attitudes of students improved significantly in the first year of the degree in physics and the degree in engineering, those improvements were not enough to provide changes in the motivation of the students. On the other hand, not only does the gender differences persist nowadays, but they are also increased during the academic year regardless of the stage where students are.
Patients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease engage in verbal reminiscence with the support of a computer-aided program: a pilot study

This study focused on the assessment of a program recently developed for helping patients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease engage in computer-mediated verbal reminiscence (Lancioni et al., 2014a). Sixteen participants were involved in the study. Six of them used the original program version with the computer showing a virtual partner posing questions and providing attention and guidance. The other 10 used a slightly modified program version with the computer presenting photos and videos and providing encouragements to talk as well as attention and guidance. Participants were exposed to brief program sessions individually. The results showed that 15 participants (five of those using the first version and all of those using the second version) had a clear and lasting increase in verbal engagement/reminiscence during the intervention sessions with the program. Those 15 participants had mean percentages of intervals with verbal engagement/reminiscence below 10 during baseline and between about 45 and 75 during the intervention. The results’ implications and the need for new research were discussed.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Patients with T2D suffer from various diabetes-related complications. Since there are many patients with T2D that cannot be controlled by previously developed drugs, it has been necessary to develop new drugs, one of which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapy. GLP-1 has been shown to ameliorate diabetes-related conditions by augmenting pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion and having the low risk of causing hypoglycemia. Because of a very short half-life of GLP-1, many researches have been focused on the development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists with long half-lives such as exenatide and dulaglutide. Now GLP-1R agonists have a variety of dosing-cycle forms to meet the needs of various patients. In this article, we review the physiological features of GLP-1, the effects of GLP-1 on T2D, the features of several GLP-1R agonists, and the therapeutic effect on T2D.
Asynchronous Circuits 1 Motivations for Asynchronous Circuits

Digital VLSI circuits are usually classiied into synchronous and asynchronous circuits. Synchronous circuits are generally controlled by global synchronization signals provided by a clock. Asynchronous circuits, on the other hand, do not use such global synchronization signals. Between these extremes there are various hybrids. Digital circuits in today's commercial products are almost exclusively synchronous. Despite this big diierence in popularity , there are a number of reasons why asynchronous circuits are of interest. In this article, we present a brief overview of asynchronous circuits. First we address some of the motivations for designing asynchronous circuits. Then, we discuss diierent classes of asynchronous circuits and brieey explain some asynchronous design methodologies. Finally, we present a typical asynchronous design in detail. Throughout the years researchers have had various reasons for studying and building asyn-chronous circuits. Some of the often mentioned advantages of asynchronous circuits are speed, low energy dissipation, modular design, immunity to metastable behavior, freedom from clock skew, and low generation of and low susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. We elaborate here on some of these potentials and indicate when they have been demonstrated through comparative case studies.
Progesterone enhances vascular endothelial cell migration via activation of focal adhesion kinase

The mechanisms of progesterone on endothelial cell motility are poorly investigated. Previously we showed that progesterone stimulated endothelial cell migration via the activation of actin‐binding protein moesin, leading to actin cytoskeleton remodelling and the formation of cell membrane structures required for cell movement. In this study, we investigated the effects of progesterone on the formation of focal adhesion complexes, which provide anchoring sites for cell movement. In cultured human umbilical endothelial cells, progesterone enhanced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation at Tyr397 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Several signalling inhibitors interfered with progesterone‐induced FAK activation, including progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist ORG 31710, specific c‐Src kinase inhibitor PP2, phosphatidylinosital‐3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin as well as ρ‐associated kinase (ROCK‐2) inhibitor Y27632. It suggested that PR, c‐Src, PI3K and ROCK‐2 are implicated in this action. In line with this, we found that progesterone rapidly promoted c‐Src/PI3K/Akt activity, which activated the small GTPase RhoA/ρ‐associated kinase (ROCK‐2) complex, resulting in FAK phosphorylation. In the presence of progesterone, endothelial cells displayed enhanced horizontal migration, which was reversed by small interfering RNAs abrogating FAK expression. In conclusion, progesterone promotes endothelial cell movement via the rapid regulation of FAK. These findings provide new information on the biological actions of progesterone on human endothelial cells that are relevant for vascular function.
Complete Genome Analysis of a Rabbit Rotavirus Causing Gastroenteritis in a Human Infant

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are responsible for causing infantile diarrhea both in humans and animals. The molecular characteristics of lapine RVA strains are only studied to a limited extent and so far G3P[14] and G3P[22] were found to be the most common G/P-genotypes. During the 2012-2013 rotavirus season in Belgium, a G3P[14] RVA strain was isolated from stool collected from a two-year-old boy. We investigated whether RVA/Human-wt/BEL/BE5028/2012/G3P[14] is completely of lapine origin or the result of reassortment event(s). Phylogenetic analyses of all gene segments revealed the following genotype constellation: G3-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M3-A9-N2-T6-E5-H3 and indicated that BE5028 probably represents a rabbit to human interspecies transmission able to cause disease in a human child. Interestingly, BE5028 showed a close evolutionary relationship to RVA/Human-wt/BEL/B4106/2000/G3P[14], another lapine-like strain isolated in a Belgian child in 2000. The phylogenetic analysis of the NSP3 segment suggests the introduction of a bovine(-like) NSP3 into the lapine RVA population in the past 12 years. Sequence analysis of NSP5 revealed a head-to-tail partial duplication, combined with two short insertions and a deletion, indicative of the continuous circulation of this RVA lineage within the rabbit population.
Analysis of a Spontaneous Non-Motile and Avirulent Mutant Shows That FliM Is Required for Full Endoflagella Assembly in Leptospira interrogans

Pathogenic Leptospira strains are responsible for leptospirosis, a worldwide emerging zoonotic disease. These spirochetes are unique amongst bacteria because of their corkscrew-like cell morphology and their periplasmic flagella. Motility is reported as an important virulence determinant, probably favoring entry and dissemination of pathogenic Leptospira in the host. However, proteins constituting the periplasmic flagella and their role in cell shape, motility and virulence remain poorly described. In this study, we characterized a spontaneous L. interrogans mutant strain lacking motility, correlated with the loss of the characteristic hook-shaped ends, and virulence in the animal model. Whole genome sequencing allowed the identification of one nucleotide deletion in the fliM gene resulting in a premature stop codon, thereby preventing the production of flagellar motor switch protein FliM. Genetic complementation restored cell morphology, motility and virulence comparable to those of wild type cells. Analyses of purified periplasmic flagella revealed a defect in flagella assembly, resulting in shortened flagella compared to the wild type strain. This also correlated with a lower amount of major filament proteins FlaA and FlaB. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that FliM is required for full and correct assembly of the flagella which is essential for motility and virulence.
Does personal experience affect choice-based preferences for wildfire protection programs?

In this paper, we investigate homeowner preferences and willingness to pay for wildfire protection programs using a choice experiment with three attributes: risk, loss, and cost. A phone-mail-phone survey was used to collect data from homeowners predominantly living in medium and high wildfire risk communities in Florida. We tested three hypotheses: (1) homeowner preferences for wildfire protection programs are risk averse, (2) past personal experience with wildfires increases homeowners’ willingness to pay for protection programs, and (3) subjective perception of risk influences willingness to pay for protection programs. Preference heterogeneity among survey respondents was examined using two econometric models and risk preferences were evaluated by comparing willingness to pay for wildfire protection programs against expected monetary losses. The results showed that nearly all respondents had risk seeking preferences. Only respondents who had personal experience with wildfire impacts consistently made trade-offs among risk, loss, and cost and these respondents were willing to pay more for wildfire protection programs than were respondents without prior experience of wildfire impacts. Respondents living in neighborhoods that they viewed as being at high risk from wildfires also were willing to pay more than other
Spectroscopic follow-up of variability-selected active galactic nuclei in the Chandra Deep Field South

Context. Supermassive black holes with masses of 10 5 − 10 9 M⊙ are believed to inhabit most, if not all, nuclear regions of g alaxies, and both observational evidence and theoretical models suggest a scenario where galaxy and black hole evolution are tightly related. Luminous AGNs are usually selected by their non-stellar colours or their X-ray emission. Colour selection cannot be used to select low-luminosity AGNs, since their emission is dominated by the host galaxy. Objects with low X-ray to optical ratio escape even the deepest X-ray surveys performed so far. In a previous study we presented a sample of candidates selected through optical variability in the Chandra Deep Field South, where repeated optical observations were performed in the framework of the STRESS supernova survey. Aims. The analysis is devoted to breaking down the sample in AGNs, starburst galaxies, and low-ionisation narrow-emission li ne objects, to providing new information about the possible dependence of the emission mechanisms on nuclear luminosity and blackhole mass, and eventually studying the evolution in cosmic time of the different populations. Methods. We obtained new optical spectroscopy for a sample of variability selected candidates with the ESO NTT telescope. We analysed the new spectra, together with those existing in the literature and studied the distribution of the objects in U− B and B− V colours, optical and X-ray luminosity, and variability amplitude. Results. A large fraction (17/27) of the observed candidates are broad-line luminous AGNs, confirming the e ffi ciency of variability in detecting quasars. We detect : i) extended objects which would have escaped the colour selection and ii) objects of very low X-ray to optical ratio, in a few cases without any X-ray detection at all. Several objects resulted to be narrow-emission line g alaxies where variability indicates nuclear activity, while no emission lines were detected in others. Some of these galaxies have variability and X-ray to optical ratio close to active galactic nuclei, whil e others have much lower variability and X-ray to optical ratio. This result can be explained by the dilution of the nuclear light due to the host galaxy. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of supernova search programmes to detect large samples of low-luminosity AGNs. A sizable fraction of the AGN in our variability sample had escaped X-ray detection (5/47) and/or colour selection (9/48). Spectroscopic follow-up to fainter flux limits is strongly e ncouraged.
Biodegradation in Waters from Hydraulic Fracturing: Chemistry, Microbiology, and Engineering

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is a method of oil and gas extraction from shale in which substantial volumes of water return to the surface containing chemicals and microorganisms. This paper begins to address the microbial composition and aqueous chemistry and the potential for intrinsic and enhanced bioremediation of these waters. The waters from a gas and oil shale in the Marcellus and Bakken regions, respectively, were analyzed for inorganic elements, organic chemicals, microbial taxonomic composition, and biodegradative capabilities. The waters were highly saline, reaching NaCl concentrations up to 3.5 N, but no significant levels of radioactive elements were detected. More than 1,000 organic compounds were separated and identified by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The major classes of organic compounds, in order of decreasing abundance, were aliphatics, cycloaliphatics, single-ring aromatics, and polycyclic aromatic compounds. The bacterial genera fo.
Social exchanges and subjective well-being: do sources of positive and negative exchanges matter?

OBJECTIVES To decompose the effects of positive and negative social exchanges on well-being in terms of relationship type (vertically extended family, horizontally extended family, or nonfamily) and subjective closeness (close vs. peripheral). METHODS One thousand and five Chinese older adults rated each network member on positive and negative exchanges, which were aggregated for each relationship type and closeness category. Regression analyses estimated the influences of positive and negative exchanges on well-being, controlling for network size, health, and demographic factors. RESULTS Social exchanges with close and peripheral vertical family members as well as close horizontal family members were associated with well-being, whereas exchanges with nonkin did not contribute independent effects. These results were similar for both positive and negative exchanges. DISCUSSION Well-being is determined not just by social exchanges but also by where they come from. In this regard, the vertical family, the horizontal family, and the nonfamily represent a hierarchy of preference for Chinese older adults, which, to some extent, reflects the influence of familism.
Mindfulness Training Improves Working Memory Capacity and GRE Performance While Reducing Mind Wandering

Given that the ability to attend to a task without distraction underlies performance in a wide variety of contexts, training one’s ability to stay on task should result in a similarly broad enhancement of performance. In a randomized controlled investigation, we examined whether a 2-week mindfulness-training course would decrease mind wandering and improve cognitive performance. Mindfulness training improved both GRE reading-comprehension scores and working memory capacity while simultaneously reducing the occurrence of distracting thoughts during completion of the GRE and the measure of working memory. Improvements in performance following mindfulness training were mediated by reduced mind wandering among participants who were prone to distraction at pretesting. Our results suggest that cultivating mindfulness is an effective and efficient technique for improving cognitive function, with wide-reaching consequences.
Visual Scan Paths and Recognition of Facial Identity in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development

Background Previous research suggests that many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have impaired facial identity recognition, and also exhibit abnormal visual scanning of faces. Here, two hypotheses accounting for an association between these observations were tested: i) better facial identity recognition is associated with increased gaze time on the Eye region; ii) better facial identity recognition is associated with increased eye-movements around the face. Methodology and Principal Findings Eye-movements of 11 children with ASD and 11 age-matched typically developing (TD) controls were recorded whilst they viewed a series of faces, and then completed a two alternative forced-choice recognition memory test for the faces. Scores on the memory task were standardized according to age. In both groups, there was no evidence of an association between the proportion of time spent looking at the Eye region of faces and age-standardized recognition performance, thus the first hypothesis was rejected. However, the ‘Dynamic Scanning Index’ – which was incremented each time the participant saccaded into and out of one of the core-feature interest areas – was strongly associated with age-standardized face recognition scores in both groups, even after controlling for various other potential predictors of performance. Conclusions and Significance In support of the second hypothesis, results suggested that increased saccading between core-features was associated with more accurate face recognition ability, both in typical development and ASD. Causal directions of this relationship remain undetermined.
Comparative study between Differential Evolution and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms in training of feed-forward neural network for stock price prediction

This paper presents a comparison between two stochastic, population based and real-valued algorithms. These algorithms are namely Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These algorithms are used in the training of feed-forward neural network to be used in the prediction of the daily stock market prices. Stock market prediction is the act of trying to determine the future value of a company stock or other financial instrument traded on a financial exchange. The successful prediction of a stock's future price could yield significant profit. The feasibility, effectiveness and generic nature of both DE and PSO algorithms are demonstrated. These algorithms are proposed to solve the problems of traditional training techniques like local minima and overfitting. Comparisons were made between the two approaches in terms of the prediction accuracy, convergence speed and generalization ability. The proposed model is based on the study of historical data, technical indicators and the application of Neural Networks trained with DE and PSO algorithms. The simulation results presented in this paper show the potential of both two algorithms in solving the problems of traditional training techniques. DE algorithm is better than PSO algorithm in prediction accuracy, convergence speed and handling fluctuated stock time series.
Self-efficacy beliefs and young people's political participation

Political efficacy is one of the strongest predictors of adults’ political participation, but it has been less studied among young people. General self-efficacy has been considered a possible causal factor for young people to engage in politics. These constructs, in addition to young people’s participation in the so called “social media revolutions” (SMR), an Internet phenomenon in Iceland, were examined. An online survey was posted on social media and emailed to students at a large university in Iceland. A total of 459 participants (60.7% female, 39.3% male) between the ages of 18 and 31 (M = 23.9, SD = 3.5) completed the survey. Both general and political efficacy were associated with political participation, but mediation analysis reviled that the relationship between general self-efficacy and political participation was mediated through political efficacy. Logistic regression analysis showed that political efficacy predicted SMR-participation, but general self-efficacy did not. Furthermore, SMRparticipants participated more actively in politics than did non-participants. The results underline the importance of political efficacy for political participation among young people, but indicate that the effects of general self-efficacy are minimal.