Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Various Factors in Blood Parameters of Laying Hens in Cages Indoor Grown in Afyonkarahisar

This study was carried out in five hundred Hy Line breed chickens at the 60 days age breeding in Afyonkarahisar Province. This study was done during the winter season when the outside temperature was 13 °C, while the average indoor temperature of the shelters was 23°C. Clinical, hematological and blood biochemical parameters were measured in chickens that constituted the study material. Clinically; body temperature (T), respiration (R) and heart rates (P) were measured. In the hematological examinations; formula leukocyte counts were performed with erythrocyte (RBC), total leukocyte (WBC), hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH) and mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). In the blood biochemical examinations; serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), total protein (TP), Albumin (ALB), Glucose (GLU), Total and Indirect Bilirubin (TB and IB), Total Cholesterol (TCOL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels were determined. At the end of the study; it has been observed that all of the measured parameters differ from the results obtained from earlier studies, although those within the normal limits. The probable cause of this variability was linked to changes in race, nutritional and climatic conditions. The results obtained from the study were the first to examined clinical, hematological and blood biochemical parameters in chickens breeding in closed cages in Afyonkarahisar Province, and then to reference the field studies of scientific studies and practicing veterinarians to study about this subject.
The Tetherin/BST-2 Coiled-Coil Ectodomain Mediates Plasma Membrane Microdomain Localization and Restriction of Particle Release

ABSTRACT Tetherin/BST-2 forms a proteinaceous tether that restricts the release of a number of enveloped viruses following viral budding. Tetherin is an unusual membrane glycoprotein with two membrane anchors and an extended coiled-coil ectodomain. The ectodomain itself forms an imperfect coil that may undergo conformational shifts to accommodate membrane dynamics during the budding process. The coiled-coil ectodomain is required for restriction, but precisely how it contributes to the restriction of particle release remains under investigation. In this study, mutagenesis of the ectodomain was used to further define the role of the coiled-coil ectodomain in restriction. Scanning mutagenesis throughout much of the ectodomain failed to disrupt the ability of tetherin to restrict HIV particle release, indicating a high degree of plasticity. Targeted N- and C-terminal substitutions disrupting the coiled coil led to both a loss of restriction and an alteration of subcellular distribution. Two ectodomain mutants deficient in restriction were endocytosed inefficiently, and the levels of these mutants on the cell surface were significantly enhanced. An ectodomain mutant with four targeted serine substitutions (4S) failed to cluster in membrane microdomains, was deficient in restriction of particle release, and exhibited an increase in lateral mobility on the membrane. These results suggest that the tetherin ectodomain contributes to microdomain localization and to constrained lateral mobility. We propose that focal clustering of tetherin via ectodomain interactions plays a role in restriction of particle release.
Underweight and obesity increase the risk of mortality after lung transplantation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Many studies have found an association between abnormal body mass index (BMI) and poor outcomes among lung transplant recipients. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify outcomes associated with an abnormal pretransplant BMI after lung transplantation (LTx). The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to May 2015 with focus on original observational studies with post‐transplant survival data in candidates with abnormal BMI (underweight, overweight, or obese). We performed meta‐analyses examining survival and primary graft dysfunction after LTx. We identified 866 citations; 13 observational cohort studies involving 40 742 participants met our inclusion criteria for systematic review. Seven of the 13 were included in the meta‐analysis. There was a significant risk of mortality after LTx in candidates with underweight and obesity (underweight versus normal, relative risk [RR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.66, I2 = 0%; obesity vs. normal, RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.45–2.56, I2 = 0%; overweight vs. normal, RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11–1.66, I2 = 0). There was also a significant risk of primary graft dysfunction in obese (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.39–2.65, I2 = 0%) and overweight (RR 1.72, 95% CI, 1.32–2.24, I2 = 0%) candidates. Lung transplant candidates who are underweight or obese have a higher risk of post‐transplant mortality than recipients with a normal BMI.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Regional Cerebral Blood Volume and Hematocrit Measured in Normal Human Volunteers by Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography

Single-photon emiSSIOn computed tomog­ raphy (SPECT) was used for the measurement of regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) and hematocrit (Hct) in normal healthy human volunteers (mean age 30 ± 8 years), Regional cerebral red blood cell (RBC) volume and plasma volume were determined separately and their responses to carbon dioxide were investigated, Ten right­ handed healthy volunteers were the subjects studied, SPECT scans were performed following intravenous in­ jection of the RBC tracer (99mTc-Iabeled RBC) and plasma tracer (99ffiTc-labeled human serum albumin) with an in­ terval of 48 h, Regional cerebral Hct was calculated as the regional ratio between RBC and plasma volumes and then was used for calculating CBV, Mean regional CBV in the resting state was 4,81 ± 0,37 ml/IOO g brain, sig­ nificantly greater in the left hemisphere compared with Blood volume and hematocrit (Hct) are known to be important in the regulation of cerebral circula­ tion, To mographic measurements of circulating red blood cells (RBC) in the brain, labeled either with positron-or single-photon-emitting tracers, have been used to display a three-dimensional distribu­ tion of cerebral blood volume (CBV) in humans When the method utilizes labeled RBC as a tracer for the determination of whole-blood volume in the brain, obtained CBV values must be cor­ rected for the cerebral Hct. Although it is known that the brain Hct is lower than the large-vessel 207 the right by 3,8% (p < 0,01), Mean regional RBC volumes (1.50 ± 0,09 ml/lOO g brain) were less than mean regional plasma volumes (3,34 ± 0,28 ml/IOO g brain), and mean regional cerebral Hcts were 31.3 ± 1.8%, which was 75,9 ± 2,1% of the large-vessel Hct. During 5% CO2 inhala­ tion, increases in plasma volume (2.48 ± 0,82%/mmHg Paco2) were significantly greater than for RBC volume (1.46 ± 0.48%/mmHg Paco2), Consequently, the cerebral­ to-large-vessel Hct ratio was reduced to 72.4 ± 2,2%, Results emphasize the importance of cerebral Hct for the measurement of CBV and indicate that regional cerebral Hcts are not constant when shifted from one physiolog­ ical state to another. Hct, until the present study no tomographic studies in humans had been undertaken to measure regional cerebral Hct values. Previous authors have used a value of 0.85 for the cerebral-to-Iarge-vessel Hct ratio, This was suggested by Phelps et al. (1973) as the standard value based on the best available evi­ dence in the literature. The purpose of the present …
Operating Systems Theory

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Relative Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Very Elderly Patients Compared With Elderly Patients

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients during hospitalization; previous studies have proposed that an advanced age of more than 60 years is a risk factor for these conditions. This study analyzes the relative risk of DVT in very elderly patients older than 90 years of age compared with elderly patients aged 80 to 89 years. The study was performed at the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany, between 2004 and 2012. After completing ultrasound examinations, 20 (64.52%, 12 [60%] female patients, mean age 91.8 ± 1.83 years) of the 31 patients in the study group and 132 (62.26%, 87 [65.91%] female patients, mean age 83.84 ± 2.66 years) of the 212 patients in the control group were diagnosed with DVT. An increased relative risk of DVT was not discovered in the very elderly patients (relative risk, 1.04; P = .80).
The effect of oral tizanidine on postoperative pain relief after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Cholecystectomy is considered as the most important and relatively common postoperative pain control often begins in recovery room by using systemic narcotics that may have some side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of premedication with oral tizanidine on pain relief after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: In this double-blinded clinical trial, 70 adults of American Society of Anesthesiologist physiologic state 1 and 2 scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were studied and randomly divided in two study and control groups. Ninety minutes before the induction of anesthesia, patients received either 4 mg tizanidine (study group) orally in 50cc or the same volume of plain water as a placebo (control group). Then, the vital signs, pain intensity, duration of stay in recovery, and the analgesic consumption were measured and then compared in both groups during 24 h postoperatively. Results: There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, with respect to age, weight, gender, and duration of anesthesia and surgery between the groups (P > 0.05). The pain intensity, need for analgesic drugs (34.57 ± 8.88 mg vs. 101.86 ± 5.08 mg), and the duration of stay in recovery room (67.43 ± 1.59 min vs. 79.57 ± 5.48 min) were significantly lower in tizanidine group than that of the control group. Conclusion: Oral administration of 4 mg tizanidine before laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduces postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and consequence of the duration of stay in recovery room without any complication.
Environmental Effects of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

A review of the literature concerning the environmental consequences of increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide leads to the conclusion that increases during the 20th century have produced no deleterious effects upon global climate or temperature. Increased carbon dioxide has, however, markedly increased plant growth rates as inferred from numerous laboratory and field experiments. There is no clear evidence, nor unique attribution, of the global effects of anthropogenic CO2 on climate. Meaningful integrated assessments of the environmental impacts of anthropogenic CO2 are not yet possible because model estimates of global and regional climate changes on interannual, decadal and centennial timescales remain highly uncertain.
Views on helper/cytotoxic lineage choice from a bottom‐up approach

There has been speculation as to how bi‐potent CD4+ CD8+ double‐positive precursor thymocytes choose their distinct developmental fate, becoming either CD4+ helper or CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Based on the clear correlation of αβT cell receptor (TCR) specificity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes with this lineage choice, various studies have attempted to resolve this question by examining the cellular signaling events initiated by TCR engagements, a strategy referred to as a ‘top‐down’ approach. On the other hand, based on the other correlation of CD4/CD8 co‐receptor expression with its selected fate, other studies have addressed this question by gradually unraveling the sequential mechanisms that control the phenotypic outcome of this fate decision, a method known as the ‘bottom‐up’ approach. Bridging these two approaches will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how TCR signals are coupled with developmental programs in the nucleus. Advances made during the last two decades seemed to make these two approaches more closely linked. For instance, identification of two transcription factors, ThPOK and Runx3, which play central roles in the development of helper and cytotoxic lineages, respectively, provided significant insights into the transcriptional network that controls a CD4/CD8 lineage choice. This review summarizes achievements made using the ‘bottom‐up’ approach, followed by a perspective on future pathways toward coupling TCR signaling with nuclear programs.
Dermatoglyphics in the rubella syndrome.

Epidermal ridges on hands and feet (dermatoglyphics) develop during the first trimester of gestation and remain unchanged thereafter for life. As the rubella virus has a teratogenic effect during this period, it is postulated that an alteration in dermatoglyphics might be present in rubella-damaged individuals. Analysis of dermatoglyphics in 28 rubella-damaged individuals revealed a higher frequency of whorl patterns, a reduced a-b ridge count, a wider atd angle, a tendency towards more patterns on the palm, and a higher frequency of transitional and simian lines than in normals. This study suggests that dermatoglyphics may serve as a marker of a deleterious intrauterine experience during early gestation.
Oxytocin in schizophrenia: a review of evidence for its therapeutic effects

Background: The suggestion that the neurohormone oxytocin may have clinical application in the treatment of schizophrenia was first published in 1972. Since then, a considerable body of research on a variety of fronts – including several recent double-blind treatment trials – has buttressed these early reports, providing support for the assertion that the oxytocin system is a promising and novel therapeutic target for this devastating malady. Herein, we review the diverse, convergent lines of evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of oxytocin in psychotic illness. Methods: We performed a systematic review of preclinical and clinical literature pertaining to oxytocin's role in schizophrenia. Results: Multiple lines of evidence converge to support the antipsychotic potential of oxytocin. These include several animal models of schizophrenia, pharmacological studies examining the impact of antipsychotics on the oxytocin system, human trials in patients examining the aspects of the oxytocin system and several double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical treatment trials. Conclusions: There exists considerable, convergent evidence that oxytocin has potential as a novel antipsychotic with a unique mechanism of action. Auspiciously, based on the few chronic trials to date, its safety profile and tolerability appear very good. That said, several critical clinical questions await investigation before widespread use is clinically warranted.
Discussion on Sustainable Water Technologies for Peri-Urban Areas of Mexico City: Balancing Urbanization and Environmental Conservation

Often centralized water supply, sanitation and solid waste services struggle to keep up with the rapid expansion of urban areas. The peri-urban areas are at the forefront of this expansion and it is here where decentralized technologies are increasingly being implemented. The introduction of decentralized technologies allows for the development of new opportunities that enable the recovery and reuse of resources in the form of water, nutrients and energy. This resource-oriented management of water, nutrients and energy requires a sustainable system aimed at low resource use and high recovery and reuse rates. Instead of investigating each sector separately, as has been traditionally done, this article proposes and discusses a concept that seeks to combine the in- and outflows of the different sectors, reusing water and other liberated resources where possible. This paper shows and demonstrates examples of different types of sustainable technologies that can be implemented in the peri-urban areas of Mexico City [rainwater harvesting, EcoSan and biofiltros (small constructed wetlands), and (vermi-)composting]. An innovative participatory planning method, combining scenario development with a participatory planning workshop with key stakeholders, was applied and resulted in three concept scenarios. Specific technologies were then selected for each concept scenario that the technical feasibility and applicability was assessed. Following this, the resulting resource flows (nutrients, water and energy) were determined and analyzed. The results show that decentralized technologies not only have the potential to deliver adequate water supply, sanitation and solid waste services in peri-urban areas and lessen environmental pollution, but also can recover significant amounts of resources thereby saving costs and providing valuable inputs in, for instance, the agricultural sector. Social acceptance of the technologies and institutional cooperation, however, is key for successful implementation.
Biochemical Measurement of Injury and Inflammation in Musculoskeletal Surgeries

Sufficient tissue trauma produces a temporary rise in circulating concentrations of various tissue proteins including creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), myosin heavy chain (MHC), and collagen metabolites, as well as acute phase inflammation related analytes such as Creactive protein (CRP), and the cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) that mark the presence or absence of an injury or inflammatory response. Chronic, or late, elevations in biomarkers may also correlate with surgical complications. Measurement of biomarkers in orthopedic surgeries has been undertaken for 2 purposes: 1) to evaluate surgeries per se for improvement of surgical techniques and reducing adverse consequences, and 2) to examine measurement properties of biomarkers, using surgeries as models of musculoskeletal trauma and inflammation. In this chapter, some of the findings are described to illustrate both research objectives and their inter-relatedness, and to a degree, to capture aspects of the state of development of the overall biomarker research paradigm for surgical musculoskeletal injuries. The cytokine, interleukin-6 and the muscle cytoplasmic protein, creatine kinase, are emphasized partly because of known physiology and the relatively greater volume of research on these biomarkers over other candidates. However, some available research comparing these biomarkers with others is shown which has provided early evidence to substantiate better measurement characteristics for at least some applications. The survey is largely restricted to circulating blood concentrations over other possibilities (e.g. urine, joint synovial fluid, saliva) to allow comparison across studies, and given the potential for easier research and clinical application with venipuncture in comparison to joint fluid analysis, but not out of a lesser importance of investigations of other body fluids. Joint arthroplasty and lumbar surgery are the main focus since other surgeries (e.g. arthroscopy) produce much less tissue disruption and might be better studied by local tissue or fluid sampling, and because surgeries in emergency settings (e.g. fracture reduction) involve a more complex biochemical response post-surgery created by the combination of the original injury and the surgical injury. Findings from orthopedic surgeries are given priority but findings from non-orthopedic surgeries are shown when there is a difference in measurement principles or when measurement properties or clinical implications have been made clearer.
Daclatasvir-like inhibitors of NS5A block early biogenesis of hepatitis C virus-induced membranous replication factories, independent of RNA replication.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Direct-acting antivirals that target nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), such as daclatasvir, have high potency against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). They are promising clinical candidates, yet little is known about their antiviral mechanisms. We investigated the mechanisms of daclatasvir derivatives. METHODS We used a combination of biochemical assays, in silico docking models, and high-resolution imaging to investigate inhibitor-induced changes in properties of NS5A, including its interaction with phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase IIIα and induction of the membranous web, which is the site of HCV replication. Analyses were conducted with replicons, infectious virus, and human hepatoma cells that express a HCV polyprotein. Studies included a set of daclatasvir derivatives and HCV variants with the NS5A inhibitor class-defining resistance mutation Y93H. RESULTS NS5A inhibitors did not affect NS5A stability or dimerization. A daclatasvir derivative interacted with NS5A and molecular docking studies revealed a plausible mode by which the inhibitor bound to NS5A dimers. This interaction was impaired in mutant forms of NS5A that are resistant to daclatavir, providing a possible explanation for the reduced sensitivity of the HCV variants to this drug. Potent NS5A inhibitors were found to block HCV replication by preventing formation of the membranous web, which was not linked to an inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase IIIα. Correlative light-electron microscopy revealed unequivocally that NS5A inhibitors had no overall effect on the subcellular distribution of NS5A, but completely prevented biogenesis of the membranous web. CONCLUSIONS Highly potent inhibitors of NS5A, such as daclatasvir, block replication of HCV RNA at the stage of membranous web biogenesis-a new paradigm in antiviral therapy.
A study on the performance of concrete containing recycled aggregates and ceramic as materials replacement

Natural fine aggregate materials are commonly used in development and commercial construction in Malaysia. In fact, concrete production was increased as linear with the growing Malaysia economy. However, an issue was production of concrete was to locate adequate sources of natural fine aggregates. There lot of studies have been conducted in order to replace the fine aggregate in which natural fine aggregate replace with the waste material in concrete preparation. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and ceramic waste which has great potential to replace the natural aggregate in concrete mix with different type of method, admixture, and parameters. This research were focused on compressive strength and water absorption test to determine the optimum mix ratio of concrete mix. The concrete aggregate was chosen due to improvement capillary bonding mechanisms and ceramic presented similar strength compared to the conventional concrete using natural aggregate. Percent of replacement have been used in this study was at 25%, 35% and 45% of the RCA and 5%, 10% and 15% for ceramic, respectively. Furthermore, this research was conduct to find the optimum percentage of aggregate replacement, using water-cement ratio of 0.55 with concrete grade 25/30. The best percentage of replacement was the RCA35% C15% with the compressive strength of 34.72 MPa and the water absorption was satisfied.