Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When caretaking competes with care giving: a qualitative study of full-time working mothers who are nurse managers.

AIM The purpose of this study was to explore the motivations and stresses associated with full-time working mothers who practice as nurse managers. BACKGROUND Full-time work outside the home for mothers has been recognized as a circumstance which may present certain benefits and risks to family life. Nursing management is recognized as a high-stress occupation, which may be filled by mothers who work full time. Little is known about the specific needs and stresses of full-time nurse managers who are caring for children at home. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 mothers who worked as nurse managers. RESULTS Participants expressed challenges in several areas including balancing/separating work and home, self-imposed advancement inhibitions, and constant giving. Challenges were offset by assets, which included complimentary roles, health insurance, added income, and professional and personal fulfilment. CONCLUSION Participants 'wanted it all', including the conveniences of part-time employment and the benefits of full-time employment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Full-time nurse managers with children at home experience unique tensions which characterize their work and home environments. Employers may assist nurses by adopting flexible scheduling, educational and child-care support and assistance in negotiating work and home roles.
TENSILE STRENGTH OF GLASS FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC BY FIBER ORIENTATION AND FIBER CONTENT VARIATIONS

For unidirectional composite material, there is a theoretical mixture rule equation to calculate the strength of composite from properties of matrix and fiber content. However, the equation for tensile strength with the fiber content and the fiber orientation is not available. Therefore, this study was investigated what affect fiber content and fiber orientation have on the strength of composites. Glass fiber-reinforced plastic by changing fiber orientation and fiber content was made. Tensile strength of 0° direction of composites increased being proportional fiber content and fiber orientation function as change from isotropy (J=0) to anisotropy (J=1). But, tensile strength of 90° direction by separation of fiber filament decreased when tensile load is imposed for width direction of reinforcement fiber length direction. In this study, empirical equation to estimate tensile strength out of fiber orientation and fiber content was proposed.
Self-harming in depressed patients: pattern analysis.

OBJECTIVE As deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a common concomitant of depressive disorders, we undertook a study examining the relevance of possible determinants and correlates of DSH. METHOD Three separate samples of depressed outpatients were studied to determine consistency of identified factors across samples, with principal analyses involving gender, age and diagnosis-matched DSH and non-DSH subjects. RESULTS Across the samples, some 20% of subjects admitted to episodes of DSH. Women reported higher rates and there was a consistent trend for higher rates in bipolar patients. Univariate analyses examined the relevance of several sociodemographic variables, illicit drug and alcohol use, past deprivational and abusive experiences, past suicidal attempts and disordered personality functioning. Multivariate analyses consistently identified previous suicide attempts and high 'acting out' behaviours across the three samples, suggesting the relevance of an externalizing response to stress and poor impulse control. CONCLUSIONS Results assist the identification and management of depressed patients who are at greater risk of DSH behaviours.
THE PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEE SHARE OPTIONS AS A MECHANISM OF TALENT MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to explore the views of a sample of employees, industry experts, academics, and professionals to determine whether employee share options (ESO) are an effective talent management tool in the South African context. Talent management refers to the attraction, motivation, and retention of employees, as well as fostering their loyalty to the company. Problem investigated: This study sought to explore and provide empirical evidence as to whether or not ESO are an effective talent management strategy and remuneration tool. Design and methodology: A quantitative research design was used for this study. A survey was constructed by the researchers, using the main themes identified in the literature. A purposive sampling methodology was then employed, using the key informant technique. A total of 4 300 surveys were electronically distributed, and 256 completed surveys were received. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings: This study suggests that while ESO are seen as an important component of a total reward solution, they are not the primary drivers of the attraction, retention, and motivation of talent. Respondents indicated that the quality of the work environment and the presence of developmental opportunities are far more significant considerations. Furthermore, the majority of respondents (41%) indicated that they would prefer the allocation of share options to correspond with individual performance. Value of the research: The study suggests that employee reward preferences have evolved over time. Whilst ESO may have been considered a pivotal component of talent management in the late 1990s, today they are only a component of an expected total reward solution. The study demonstrates the importance of consistently reviewing the employee value proposition to ascertain the changing preferences of employees in order to accordingly adapt and maximise talent management. The study can be used as guidance in the design and implementation of share schemes. Conclusion: This study suggests that while ESO are perceived as an important component of a total reward solution, these are not the primary drivers of the attraction, retention, and motivation of talent. Respondents indicated that the quality of the work environment and the availability of developmental opportunities are far more significant considerations. The findings suggest that employee reward preferences have evolved over time. Today's employee has a desire to have reward linked to individual performance, which implies that employers will have to revisit their reward solutions as part of their total value proposition.
Formal Specification of Model Transformations by Triple Graph Grammars with Application Conditions

Triple graph grammars are a successful approach to describe exogenous model transformations, i.e. transformations between models conforming to differ- ent meta-models. Source and target models are related by some connection part, triple rules describe the simultaneous construction of these parts, and forward and backward rules can be derived modeling the forward and backward model transfor- mations. As shown already for the specification of visual models by typed attributed graph transformation, the expressiveness of the approach can be enhanced signifi- cantly by using application conditions, which are known to be equivalent to first order logic on graphs. In this paper, we extend triple rules with a specific form of application conditions, which enhance the expressiveness of formal specifications for model transforma- tions. We show how to extend results concerning information preservation, termi- nation, correctness, and completeness of model transformations to the case with application conditions. We illustrate our approach and results with a model trans- formation from statecharts to Petri nets.
Effects of Helicobacter pylorigastritis on gastric secretion in healthy human beings.

Helicobacter pylori gastritis is common, but effects on gastric secretion are not well understood. We measured basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acidity, pepsin activity, and fluid output, as well as serum gastrin concentrations and H. pylori antibody levels, before and after treatment of H. pylori gastritis in 28 men and women. Subjects were studied before and 1 and 3 mo after a course of bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline. Elimination of H. pylori gastritis, accomplished in 14 subjects, increased basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acidity (by 15 meq/l) and basal acid output significantly (by 2.1 meq/h 1 mo after therapy). Elimination of H. pylori had an opposite effect on pepsin secretion, significantly decreasing pepsin output by 30%. Elimination of H. pylori significantly reduced nonparietal fluid output by 35%, without affecting fluid output from parietal cells. Serum gastrin and H. pylori antibody levels declined significantly after elimination of H. pylori. None of these changes was observed in 14 subjects whose H. pylori gastritis was resistant to antimicrobial therapy. In summary, eradication of H. pylori infection increases gastric acidity by reducing nonparietal gastric secretion from peptic and other cells.
Practice characteristics associated with patient-specific receipt of dental diagnostic radiographs.

OBJECTIVE To quantify the role of practice characteristics in patient-specific receipt of dental diagnostic radiographic services. DATA SOURCE/STUDY SETTING Florida Dental Care Study (FDCS). Study Design. The FDCS was a 48-month prospective observational cohort study of community-dwelling adults. Participants' dentists were asked to complete a questionnaire about their practice characteristics. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS In-person interviews and clinical examinations were conducted at baseline, 24, and 48 months, with 6-monthly telephone interviews in between. A single multivariate (four radiographic service outcomes) multivariable (multiple explanatory covariates) logistic regression was used to model service receipts. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS These practice characteristics were significantly associated with patient-specific receipt of radiographic services: number of different practices attended during follow-up; dentist's rating of how busy the practice was; typical waiting time for a new patient examination; practice size; percentage of patients that the dentist reported as interested in details about the condition of their mouths; percentage of African American patients in the practice; percentage of patients in the practice who do not have dental insurance; and dentist's agreement with a statement regarding whether patients should be dismissed from the practice. Effects had differential magnitudes and directions of effect, depending upon radiograph type. CONCLUSIONS Practice characteristics were significantly associated with patient-specific receipt of services. These effects were independent of patient-specific disease level and patient-specific sociodemographic characteristics, suggesting that practitioners do influence receipt of these diagnostic services. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that practitioners act in response to a mix of patients' interests, economic self-interests, and their own treatment preferences.
Skeletal Muscle IP3R1 Receptors Amplify Physiological and Pathological Synaptic Calcium Signals

Ca2+ release from internal stores is critical for mediating both normal and pathological intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Recent studies suggest that the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptor mediates Ca2+ release from internal stores upon cholinergic activation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we report that the type I IP3 receptor (IP3R1)-mediated Ca2+ release plays a crucial role in synaptic gene expression, development, and neuromuscular transmission, as well as mediating degeneration during excessive cholinergic activation. We found that IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ release plays a key role in early development of the NMJ, homeostatic regulation of neuromuscular transmission, and synaptic gene expression. Reducing IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ release via siRNA knockdown or IP3R blockers in C2C12 cells decreased calpain activity and prevented agonist-induced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cluster dispersal. In fully developed NMJ in adult muscle, IP3R1 knockdown or blockade effectively increased synaptic strength at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites by increasing both quantal release and expression of AChR subunits and other NMJ-specific genes in a pattern resembling muscle denervation. Moreover, in two mouse models of cholinergic overactivity and NMJ Ca2+ overload, anti-cholinesterase toxicity and the slow-channel myasthenic syndrome (SCS), IP3R1 knockdown eliminated NMJ Ca2+ overload, pathological activation of calpain and caspase proteases, and markers of DNA damage at subsynaptic nuclei, and improved both neuromuscular transmission and clinical measures of motor function. Thus, blockade or genetic silencing of muscle IP3R1 may be an effective and well tolerated therapeutic strategy in SCS and other conditions of excitotoxicity or Ca2+ overload.
Fatigue of Copper Conductors for Dynamic Subsea Power Cables

Dynamic subsea power cables are used for distribution of electric power to subsea units for oil and gas production and for power distribution from offshore wind mills. As the cables are suspended from the sea level to sea floor, a dynamic analysis is normally required to ensure that the cables are able to withstand the dynamic tension and bending caused by waves and vessel movements. The fatigue property of a conductor is determined by the mechanical properties of the individual wires and stress concentration caused by wire interaction. Previous publications on steel wires and ropes have brought light on the effect of R-ratio and wire interaction such as fretting and inter wire slippage. For copper conductors the complexity of fatigue is multiplied by the fact that the individual wires have a nonlinear stress-strain behavior well below the defined yield stress limit and poor creep properties below maximum cable operation temperatures. Moreover, the interaction between the wires is determined not only by the contact between copper surfaces but also by the water blocking compound in between the wires normally required for subsea cables. A test method, simulating the fatigue mechanism in a dynamic power cable, including the effect from friction, fretting, creep properties of copper and high tension at deep waters is presented together with test results for a representative conductor.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene in Suspension

Suspensions of graphene, prepared from graphite foil by sonochemical exfoliation, have been treated with new nonpolar pyrenebutyric amides. The assemblies, in suspension and after deposition on solid supports, were characterized by NMR, absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy and by transmission electron microscopy, where the well-defined shape and size of an appended [60]fulleropyrrolidine unit facilitates TEM detection of the nonstationary molecules. The accumulated evidence, also including direct comparisons of carbon nanotubes treated with pyrene amides under the same conditions, proves the successful noncovalent functionalization of graphene suspended in non-polar solvent with non-polar pyrene derivatives.
Molecular characteristics of recurrent triple-negative breast cancer

Due to the fact that the treatment of breast cancer depends significantly on the molecular markers present in the cancer, including estrogen receptor (+), progesterone receptor (+) or erbB2 receptor (+), further investigation targeting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes may assist in elucidating the mechanisms of recurrence of TNBC and enable the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with TNBC. The aim of the present study was to compare the gene expression profiles between TNBC samples that were identified as having recurrent and non-recurrent statuses. Between June 2011 and May 2012, a total of 30 patients with TNBC were examined using a follow-up period of at least 5 years. Their clinicopathological information was retrospectively reviewed and they were classified with a status either of recurrence [n=15 stage II (9), IIIA (2), IIIC (4)] or non-recurrence [n=15 stage II (6), IIIA (1), IIIC (8)]. The total RNA from tissue samples obtained from the recurrent and non-recurrent TNBC patients were used to performed oligonucleotide microarray analysis. The dataset was analyzed using GeneSpring software and validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Principal component analysis demonstrated that there was a marked difference in the gene expression distribution between the stage IIIc recurrent samples and early stage (stages IIa, IIb and IIIa) recurrent samples. In early stage recurrence, the significant pathway-associated upregulated genes were matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and genes associated with cancer cell migration (CDH2) and cell adhesion/motility (KRAS, CDC42, RAC1, ICAM and SRGAP2). By contrast, during stage IIIc recurrence, the significant pathway-associated upregulated genes in the recurrent samples were WNT signaling genes, including WNT 4 and WNT 16. It was concluded that there were markedly different distributions and gene expression profiles between stage IIIc recurrent TNBC tumors and early stage (IIa, IIb, IIIa) recurrent TNBC tumors, which provides important information for the development of effective treatment strategies for TNBC.
Influence of Social and Behavioural Characteristics of Users on Their Evaluation of Subjective Loudness and Acoustic Comfort in Shopping Malls

A large-scale subjective survey was conducted in six shopping malls in Harbin City, China, to determine the influence of social and behavioural characteristics of users on their evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort. The analysis of social characteristics shows that evaluation of subjective loudness is influenced by income and occupation, with correlation coefficients or contingency coefficients of 0.10 to 0.40 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Meanwhile, evaluation of acoustic comfort evaluation is influenced by income, education level, and occupation, with correlation coefficients or contingency coefficients of 0.10 to 0.60 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The effect of gender and age on evaluation of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort is statistically insignificant. The effects of occupation are mainly caused by the differences in income and education level, in which the effects of income are greater than that of education level. In terms of behavioural characteristics, evaluation of subjective loudness is influenced by the reason for visit, frequency of visit, and length of stay, with correlation coefficients or contingency coefficients of 0.10 to 0.40 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Evaluation of acoustic comfort is influenced by the reason for visit to the site, the frequency of visit, length of stay, and also season of visit, with correlation coefficients of 0.10 to 0.30 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In particular, users who are waiting for someone show lower evaluation of acoustic comfort, whereas users who go to shopping malls more than once a month show higher evaluation of acoustic comfort. On the contrary, the influence of the period of visit and the accompanying persons are found insignificant.
Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action

Abstract The functions of the somatosensory system are multiple. We use tactile input to localize and experience the various qualities of touch, and proprioceptive information to determine the position of different parts of the body with respect to each other, which provides fundamental information for action. Further, tactile exploration of the characteristics of external objects can result in conscious perceptual experience and stimulus or object recognition. Neuroanatomical studies suggest parallel processing as well as serial processing within the cerebral somatosensory system that reflect these separate functions, with one processing stream terminating in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and the other terminating in the insula. We suggest that, analogously to the organisation of the visual system, somatosensory processing for the guidance of action can be dissociated from the processing that leads to perception and memory. In addition, we find a second division between tactile information processing about external targets in service of object recognition and tactile information processing related to the body itself. We suggest the posterior parietal cortex subserves both perception and action, whereas the insula principally subserves perceptual recognition and learning.
Using Administrative Diagnostic Data to Assess the Quality of Hospital Care: Pitfalls and Potential of ICD-9-CM

Abstract Diagnostic information within administrative data bases is generally in the form of lnternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. The purpose of this article is to introduce ICD-9-CM, to review its strengths and limitations, and to suggest ways that it can be used through administrative files for assessing the quality of hospital care.
Hairpins participating in folding of human telomeric sequence quadruplexes studied by standard and T-REMD simulations

DNA G-hairpins are potential key structures participating in folding of human telomeric guanine quadruplexes (GQ). We examined their properties by standard MD simulations starting from the folded state and long T-REMD starting from the unfolded state, accumulating ∼130 μs of atomistic simulations. Antiparallel G-hairpins should spontaneously form in all stages of the folding to support lateral and diagonal loops, with sub-μs scale rearrangements between them. We found no clear predisposition for direct folding into specific GQ topologies with specific syn/anti patterns. Our key prediction stemming from the T-REMD is that an ideal unfolded ensemble of the full GQ sequence populates all 4096 syn/anti combinations of its four G-stretches. The simulations can propose idealized folding pathways but we explain that such few-state pathways may be misleading. In the context of the available experimental data, the simulations strongly suggest that the GQ folding could be best understood by the kinetic partitioning mechanism with a set of deep competing minima on the folding landscape, with only a small fraction of molecules directly folding to the native fold. The landscape should further include non-specific collapse processes where the molecules move via diffusion and consecutive random rare transitions, which could, e.g. structure the propeller loops.
A Membrane Topology Model for Human Interferon Inducible Transmembrane Protein 1

InterFeron Inducible TransMembrane proteins 1–3 (IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3) are a family of proteins capable of inhibiting the cellular entry of numerous human and animal viruses. IFITM1-3 are unique amongst the currently described viral restriction factors in their apparent ability to block viral entry. This restrictive property is dependant on the localisation of the proteins to plasma and endosomal membranes, which constitute the main portals of viral entry into cells. The topology of the IFITM proteins within cell membranes is an unresolved aspect of their biology. Here we present data from immunofluorescence microscopy, protease cleavage, biotin-labelling and immuno-electron microscopy assays, showing that human IFITM1 has a membrane topology in which the N-terminal domain resides in the cytoplasm, and the C-terminal domain is extracellular. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this topology is conserved for all of the human interferon-induced IFITM proteins. This model is consistent with that recently proposed for murine IFITM3, but differs from that proposed for murine IFITM1.