Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effects of procedural justice on workplace deviance: Do employees' perceptions of conflicting guidance call the tune?

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to test an explanation of how procedural justice (PJ) – a specific type of organizational justice that reflects how fairly organizational procedures are designed – may influence deviant workplace behavior targeting at the organization (DWB-O). The model proposes that PJ affects DWB-O through its influence on perceived normative conflict (PNC) with the organization. This influence, in turn, would prompt employees to reciprocate with DWB-O. Design/methodology/approach - In the paper, data were collected from 270 (17.46 per cent) of the 1,547 teachers at a Spanish university by intranet. Findings - The paper finds that the structural equation modeling (SEM) results suggest that PJ is an antecedent to PNC, which fully mediates a confirmed direct – but weak – PJ relationship with DWBO. Research limitations/implications - The paper shows that the researched teachers' job conditions are inherent to the peculiarities of the public sector that may limit the ability to extrapolate the findings in the private sector. The findings offer a better understanding of the way PJ is able to affect deviant behaviors. The findings also provide a more easily understood mechanism of the influence of procedural justice on DWB-O. Practical implications - Results in this paper suggest that actions designed to promote PJ may be useful in communicating how companies are trying to introduce normative harmony in the workplace. Future lines of research are also offered. Originality/value - The paper sees that the study of the mediating role that perceived normative conflict (PNC) may play in linking perceptions of PJ to DWBO is unprecedented in organizations.
Inclusive chemical characterization of tourmaline: Mössbauer study of Fe valence and site occupancy

Abstract We report here the results of a series of inclusive chemical characterizations, including all elements except oxygen, for a suite of 54 tourmaline samples. A combination of analytical techniques was used to analyze for major and light elements (electron microprobe), Fe3+ and Fe2+ (Mossbauer spectroscopy), H (U extraction), and B, Li, and F (ion microprobe, or SIMS). The B content of the tourmalines studied ranges from 2.86 to 3.26 B per formula unit (pfu) with 31 anions; excess boron is believed to reside in the Si site. Li ranges from 0.0 to 1.44 Li pfu and F contents are 0.0-0.91 pfu. H contents range from nearly anhydrous up to 3.76 H pfu and do not correlate simply with Fe3+ content. Mössbauer results show that tourmaline exhibits the entire range of Fe3+∑Fe from 0.0-1.0. Fe2+ is represented in the spectra by three doublets, with occupancy in at least three distinct types of Y sites (with different types of nearest and next nearest neighbors). Fe3+ was found in 26 of the 54 samples studied. Although Mössbauer data do not allow the distinction between [Y]Fe3+ and [Z]Fe3+ site occupancies to be made, XRD data on these samples suggest that the majority of Fe3+ is also in Y. Of the samples studied, [4]Fe3+ occurs in nine; five of those were either olenite or uvite with extensive Na substitution. A mixed valence doublet corresponding to delocalized electrons shared between adjacent octahedra was observed in 14 of the samples studied. Projection pursuit regression analysis shows that distribution of Fe among doublets is a function (albeit a complex one) of bulk composition of the tourmaline and supports the interpretation of doublets representing different populations of neighbors. Variations in Fe3+/ Fe2+ ratio cannot be directly related to variations in charge in any single site of the structure. Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio is probably controlled by the prevailing oxidation state in the bulk rock assemblage, rather than by any particular crystal chemical substitution.
Methodological challenges in using practice theory in consumption research. Examples from a study on handling nutritional contestations of food consumption

In this article, we discuss the challenges of analytical translations between practice theory and empirical research methods in consumption research. We argue that a social constructivist interpretation of practice theory can be particularly useful in enabling consumption researchers to carry out empirical studies that are different from mainstream approaches to consumer culture. Such mainstream approaches typically privilege either individual consumer choices or cultural structures outside of the reach of consumers. We highlight two analytical affordances from social constructivist practice theory. The first is to enable consumption researchers to analyse ways of consuming and how these are entangled in webs of social reproductions and changes. The second is to allow consumption researchers to understand ways of consuming as continuous relational accomplishments in intersectings of multiple practices in everyday life. We discuss the methodological implications for data-production and data-analysis from these two analytical affordances on the basis of our empirical qualitative study of the handling of nutritionalized contestation of food consumption among Pakistani Danes.
Retinoic acid guides eye morphogenetic movements via paracrine signaling but is unnecessary for retinal dorsoventral patterning

Retinoic acid (RA) is required for patterning of the posterior nervous system, but its role in the retina remains unclear. RA is synthesized in discrete regions of the embryonic eye by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs) displaying distinct expression patterns. Overlapping functions of these enzymes have hampered genetic efforts to elucidate RA function in the eye. Here, we report Raldh1, Raldh2 and Raldh3 single, double and triple null mice exhibiting progressively less or no RA synthesis in the eye. Our genetic studies indicate that RA signaling is not required for the establishment or maintenance of dorsoventral patterning in the retina, as we observe normal expression of Tbx5 and ephrin B2 (Efnb2) dorsally, plus Vax2 and Ephb2 ventrally. Instead, RA is required for the morphogenetic movements needed to shape the developing retina and surrounding mesenchyme. At early stages, Raldh2 expressed in mesenchyme and Raldh3 expressed in the retinal pigmented epithelium generate RA that delivers an essential signal to the neural retina required for morphogenetic movements that lead to ventral invagination of the optic cup. At later stages, Raldh1 expressed in dorsal neural retina and Raldh3 expressed in ventral neural retina (plus weaker expression of each in lens/corneal ectoderm) generates RA that travels to surrounding mesenchyme, where it is needed to limit the anterior invasion of perioptic mesenchyme during the formation of corneal mesenchyme and eyelids. At all stages, RA target tissues are distinct from locations of RA synthesis, indicating that RALDHs function cell-nonautonomously to generate paracrine RA signals that guide morphogenetic movements in neighboring cells.
Learning from Millions of 3D Scans for Large-Scale 3D Face Recognition

Deep networks trained on millions of facial images are believed to be closely approaching human-level performance in face recognition. However, open world face recognition still remains a challenge. Although, 3D face recognition has an inherent edge over its 2D counterpart, it has not benefited from the recent developments in deep learning due to the unavailability of large training as well as large test datasets. Recognition accuracies have already saturated on existing 3D face datasets due to their small gallery sizes. Unlike 2D photographs, 3D facial scans cannot be sourced from the web causing a bottleneck in the development of deep 3D face recognition networks and datasets. In this backdrop, we propose a method for generating a large corpus of labeled 3D face identities and their multiple instances for training and a protocol for merging the most challenging existing 3D datasets for testing. We also propose the first deep CNN model designed specifically for 3D face recognition and trained on 3.1 Million 3D facial scans of 100K identities. Our test dataset comprises 1,853 identities with a single 3D scan in the gallery and another 31K scans as probes, which is several orders of magnitude larger than existing ones. Without fine tuning on this dataset, our network already outperforms state of the art face recognition by over 10%. We fine tune our network on the gallery set to perform end-to-end large scale 3D face recognition which further improves accuracy. Finally, we show the efficacy of our method for the open world face recognition problem.
Serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses in episodes of acute otitis media

Abstract Although the findings of epidemiological studies have suggested viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) to be crucially involved in the development of acute otitis media (AOM), the relationship between AOM and viral RTI remains unclear. Serum samples, obtained in the acute and convalescent phases of 57 AOM episodes (in 35 children during the first three years of life) were analysed for IgG antibodies against influenza A viruses, influenza B viruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, respiratory syncytial virus and adenoviruses. One third of the AOM episodes (18/57) could be related to viral RTI, as evidenced by significant increases in viral serum antibody activity. Treatment failure occurred in four AOM episodes where increases in serum viral antibody activity were noted. In three of these failures, antibiotic treatment was unsuccessful despite the bacterial strains not being resistant to the drug used. This suggests that concomitant viral infection may be a determinant of treatment outcome in some AOM episodes.
Out-Group Conflict, In-Group Unity?

Does repression increase or decrease unity within ethnic or nationalist movements? Conventional wisdom lends itself to two contradictory predictions. On one hand, it is said that conflict with an out-group is the surest path to unity in an in-group. On the other hand, repression exaggerates the gap between radicals and moderates in a movement. Challenging both views, this article argues that repression amplifies trends in cooperation or conflict existent in a movement before the onset of repression. All movements have some institutional arrangement, meaning a set of procedures and relationships that structure decision making and behavior. These “rules of the game” distribute power within the movement, and thus favor some actors over others. Repression disrupts the equilibrium of these institutions, after which the members might engage in either more cooperation or more conflict, depending on the level of satisfaction with preexisting institutional arrangements. The authors illustrate these propositions through comparative analysis of four repression shocks from two nationalist movements: the Kurdish movement in Iraq and the Palestinian national movement.
Empirical Analysis of Drill Ratio Research

Providing students an appropriate level of challenge, called the instructional level, is an important component of effective instruction. Research regarding the optimal ratio of known to unknown items for drill tasks has been inconsistent. The author of the current article conducted an empirical meta-analysis of research on drill ratios by using the following groupings: < 50% known, 50% to 69% known, 70% to 85% known, and 90% known. Fifty-five effect size coefficients were computed, after eliminating outlying data, from 13 articles, with the 3 least challenging ratios resulting in strong mean effects. The most challenging (< 50% known) ratio resulted in a small to moderate effect. A mean effect size of . 82 computed for various student outcomes compared to . 43 for student preferences. Much stronger effects were also noted for tasks involving acquisition of new skills compared to proficiency tasks. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Predicting School Readiness for Low-Income Children with Disability Risks Identified Early

This study examined school readiness at kindergarten entry for low-income children whose disability indicators were identified before age 3. Data were collected as part of the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Longitudinal Follow-up study. Children who had suspected developmental delays and did not receive Part C services had lower preacademic skill scores at kindergarten entry than those who had no disability indicators. In contrast, the preacademic skills at age 5 of children who received Part C services did not differ from those who had no disability indicators. A large proportion of children who had suspected developmental delays and did not receive Part C services by age 3 received Part B services later. Results highlight the importance of early intervention for low-income children who have suspected developmental delays to enhance their school readiness skills.
A Direct Role for Phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate in Unconventional Secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) is a mitogen that is exported from cells by an endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi‐independent secretory pathway. Recent findings have shown that FGF‐2 export occurs by direct translocation from the cytoplasm across the plasma membrane into the extracellular space. Here, we report that FGF‐2 contains a binding site for phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], the principal phosphoinositide species associated with plasma membranes. Intriguingly, in the context of a lipid bilayer, the interaction between FGF‐2 and PI(4,5)P2 is shown to depend on a lipid background that resembles plasma membranes. We show that the interaction with PI(4,5)P2 is critically important for FGF‐2 secretion as experimental conditions reducing cellular levels of PI(4,5)P2 resulted in a substantial drop in FGF‐2 export efficiency. Likewise, we have identified FGF‐2 variant forms deficient for binding to PI(4,5)P2 that were found to be severely impaired with regard to export efficiency. These data show that a transient interaction with PI(4,5)P2 associated with the inner leaflet of plasma membranes represents the initial step of the unconventional secretory pathway of FGF‐2.
Big data: a revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think

Howard, P. (2006). New media and the managed citizen. New York: Cambridge University Press. Lathrop, D. , & Ruma, L. (Eds.). (2010). Open government: Collaboration, transparency, and participation in practice. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly. Noveck, B. S. (2008). Wiki-Government: How open-source technology can make government decisionmaking more expert and more democratic. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Within‐School Variation in Teacher Quality: The Case of Ninth Grade

There is abundant evidence that ninth grade is a critical year for students, particularly those enrolled in large urban school districts. Despite the importance of the freshman year for subsequent academic success, the existence of teacher status systems within schools suggests that ninth graders, who are traditionally viewed by teachers as low‐status clients, will more likely be taught by low‐status teachers: specifically, teachers who are not certified to teach and those who are new to the school. Using a merged teacher‐student data set from a large urban district, we find that ninth graders are disproportionately assigned to uncertified teachers and teachers who are new to the school building and that having higher percentages of these teachers decreases predicted attendance, controlling for other factors. The article concludes with a discussion of strategies for staffing the ninth grade with strong teachers.
Activity of Linezolid against 3,251 Strains of Uncommonly Isolated Gram-Positive Organisms: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program

ABSTRACT Linezolid was tested against 32 species of uncommonly isolated gram-positive organisms (3,251 strains) by reference MIC methods and found to be highly active (MIC50 range, 0.25 to 2 μg/ml; MIC90 range, 0.25 to 2 μg/ml). Only one isolate (viridans group streptococcus; 0.03% of tested strains) was resistant to linezolid.
Focus Conditions and the Prominence of Pitch-Accented Syllables

The purpose of the present study is to find out how the pitch peak heights on two pitch-accented syllables in one utterance relate to different focus conditions. The focus conditions are neutral focus, double contrastive focus, and single contrastive focus on either the first or the second pitch-accented syllable. In Experiment 1, subjects adjusted the height of one of two pitch peaks, so as to make the pitch contour express different focus structures. No systematic relationship was found between different fixed heights of one peak and the adjusted heights of the other, which suggests the existence of target values for focus-related pitch peaks. In Experiment 2, listeners judged which of the four focus structures was most likely represented by a given relation between peak heights. The results show that some pitch contours are ambiguous with respect to focus, but the majority of them is classified unanimously as signalling only one possible focus structure. The present results also shed new light on some unexplained findings of earlier prominence experiments.
Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity and Resistance to Toxicity of Conjugated Bile Salts Are Unrelated Properties in Lactobacilli

ABSTRACT Bacteria of numerous species isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract express bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. How this activity contributes to functions of the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract is not known. We tested the hypothesis that a BSH protects the cells that produce it from the toxicity of conjugated bile salts. Forty-nine strains of numerous Lactobacillusspp. were assayed to determine their capacities to express BSH activities (taurodeoxycholic acid [TDCA] hydrolase and taurocholic acid [TCA] hydrolase activities) and their capacities to resist the toxicity of a conjugated bile acid (TDCA). Thirty of these strains had been isolated from the human intestine, 15 had been recovered from dairy products, and 4 had originated from other sources. Twenty-six of the strains expressed both TDCA hydrolase and TCA hydrolase activities. One strain that expressed TDCA hydrolase activity did not express TCA hydrolase activity. Conversely, in one strain for which the assay for TDCA hydrolase activity gave a negative result there was evidence of TCA hydrolase activity. Twenty-five of the strains were found to resist the toxicity of TDCA. Fourteen of these strains were of human origin, nine were from dairy products, and two were from other sources. Of the 26 strains expressing both TDCA hydrolase and TCA hydrolase activities, 15 were resistant to TDCA toxicity, 6 were susceptible, and 5 gave inconclusive results. Of the 17 strains that gave negative results for either of the enzymes, 7 were resistant to the toxicity, 9 were susceptible, and 1 gave inconclusive results. These findings do not support the hypothesis tested. They suggest, however, that BSH activity is important at some level for lactobacillus colonization of the human intestine.
Substrats neuronaux du traitement sémantique des concepts concrets et abstraits :apports de la neuropsychologie par l’étude de patients ayant subi une lobectomie temporale gauche ou droite

Research in the field of semantic memory has allowed to document the concreteness effect (advantage for concrete words relative to abstract words), and more recently, the reversal of the concreteness effect (advantage for abstract words relative to concrete words). These effects, observed in healthy subjects and in different clinical neurological populations, have yielded numerous theoretical interpretations, both on cognitive and on neuroanatomical levels. Indeed, this double dissociation between the two kinds of concepts suggests that their processing relies at least partly on distinct mental and neuroanatomical bases. Nevertheless, the origins of those differences remain largely debated and are marked by a notable lack of consensus. The principal goal of the present thesis is to explore the cerebral substrates underlying the comprehension of concrete and abstract concepts. First, a literature review summarizes current knowledge about the processing of concrete and abstract concepts as well as their neural bases. This article emphasizes in particular the inter-hemispheric differences in the processing of those concepts (Article 1). Secondly, an experimental study of the comprehension of concrete and abstract concepts was conducted with a rare clinical population, patients who have undergone either i) a unilateral resection of the anterior part of the temporal lobe (temporal pole), either ii) a unilateral resection of the hippocampal region (internal temporal structures) (Article 2). The first article highlights the important heterogeneity of the results in the field, and suggests that the observed differences in the processing of concrete and abstract concepts
Initial Trust Formation in New Organizational Relationships

Arguably, the most critical time frame for organizational participants to develop trust is at the beginning of their relationship. Using primarily a cognitive approach, we address factors and processes that enable two organizational parties to form relatively high trust initially. We propose a model of specific relationships among several trust-related constructs and two cognitive processes. The model helps explain the paradoxical finding of high initial trust levels in new organizational relationships.
Automatic contour tracking in ultrasound images

In this paper, a new automatic contour tracking system, EdgeTrak, for the ultrasound image sequences of human tongue is presented. The images are produced by a head and transducer support system (HATS). The noise and unrelated high‐contrast edges in ultrasound images make it very difficult to automatically detect the correct tongue surfaces. In our tracking system, a novel active contour model is developed. Unlike the classical active contour models which only use gradient of the image as the image force, the proposed model incorporates the edge gradient and intensity information in local regions around each snake element. Different from other active contour models that use homogeneity of intensity in a region as the constraint and thus are only applied to closed contours, the proposed model applies local region information to open contours and can be used to track partial tongue surfaces in ultrasound images. The contour orientation is also taken into account so that any unnecessary edges in ultrasound images will be discarded. Dynamic programming is used as the optimisation method in our implementation. The proposed active contour model has been applied to human tongue tracking and its robustness and accuracy have been verified by quantitative comparison analysis to the tracking by speech scientists.
Radar Detection and Classification of Jamming Signals Belonging to a Cone Class

This paper considers the problem of detecting and classifying a radar target signal and a jamming signal produced by a deception electronic counter measure (ECM) system based on a digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) device. The disturbance is modeled as a complex correlated Gaussian process. The jamming is modeled as a signal belonging to a cone whose axis is the true target signal. Two different approaches are analyzed, based on the adaptive coherent estimator (ACE) and on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), yielding both to a two-block device. The performance of the two detection/classification algorithms are evaluated, analytically, when possible, and by Monte Carlo simulation.