Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safeguarding Personal Information: Communication Privacy Management By Gen-Z Influencers

This research investigates the utilization of the NGL Link feature in Instagram Stories and its impact on the disclosure of personal information by micro-influencers. The study explores the experiences and privacy management strategies of Gen-Z micro-influencers. The study adopts a post-positivist paradigm and employs a case study approach to delve deeper into the research topic. Four micro-influencers meeting specific criteria were selected as informants for the study. Data collection techniques included interviews and data documentation. The informants shared their experiences, perspectives, and attitudes towards using the NGL Link feature. The findings reveal that the NGL Link feature enables micro-influencers to interact with their followers and share personal information, leading to increased engagement and deeper connections. However, concerns about privacy and the dissemination of personal information arise. The informants employ various filtering methods to protect their privacy, categorizing questions and selectively sharing responses. Dissemination of personal information by followers is observed, particularly among those who know the micro-influencer in real life. The study concludes that filtering serves as the primary privacy management strategy for micro-influencers using the NGL Link feature.
Sevoflurane Exposure Generates Superoxide but Leads to Decreased Superoxide During Ischemia and Reperfusion in Isolated Hearts

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are largely responsible for cardiac injury consequent to ischemia and reperfusion, but, paradoxically, there is evidence suggesting that anesthetics induce preconditioning (APC) by generating ROS. We hypothesized that sevoflurane generates the ROS superoxide (O2·−), that APC attenuates O2·− formation during ischemia, and that this attenuation is reversed by bracketing APC with the O2·− scavenger manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) or the putative mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (mKATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD). O2·− was measured continuously in guinea pig hearts by using dihydroethidium. Sevoflurane was administered alone (APC), with MnTBAP, or with 5-HD before 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Control hearts underwent no pretreatment. Sevoflurane directly increased O2·−; this was blocked by MnTBAP but not by 5-HD. O2·− increased during ischemia and during reperfusion. These increases in O2·− were attenuated in the APC group, but this was prevented by MnTBAP or 5-HD. We conclude that sevoflurane directly induces O2·− formation but that O2·− formation is decreased during subsequent ischemia and reperfusion. The former effect appears independent of mKATP channels, but not the latter. Our study indicates that APC is initiated by ROS that in turn cause mKATP channel opening. Although there appears to be a paradoxical role for ROS in triggering and mediating APC, a possible mechanism is offered.
Pathogens of Bovine Respiratory Disease in North American Feedlots Conferring Multidrug Resistance via Integrative Conjugative Elements

ABSTRACT In this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and characterized the genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and nature of antimicrobial resistance determinants in collected bacteria. Nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue samples from 68 BRD mortalities in Alberta, Canada (n = 42), Texas (n = 6), and Nebraska (n = 20) were screened using PCR for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza type 3 virus, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni. Excepting bovine herpesvirus 1, all agents were detected. M. haemolytica (91%) and BVDV (69%) were the most prevalent, with cooccurrence in 63% of the cattle. Isolates of M. haemolytica (n = 55), P. multocida (n = 8), and H. somni (n = 10) from lungs were also collected. Among M. haemolytica isolates, a clonal subpopulation (n = 8) was obtained from a Nebraskan feedlot. All three bacterial pathogens exhibited a high rate of antimicrobial resistance, with 45% exhibiting resistance to three or more antimicrobials. M. haemolytica (n = 18), P. multocida (n = 3), and H. somni (n = 3) from Texas and Nebraska possessed integrative conjugative elements (ICE) that conferred resistance for up to seven different antimicrobial classes. ICE were shown to be transferred via conjugation from P. multocida to Escherichia coli and from M. haemolytica and H. somni to P. multocida. ICE-mediated multidrug-resistant profiles of bacterial BRD pathogens could be a major detriment to many of the therapeutic antimicrobial strategies currently used to control BRD.
Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

Background: A possible etiological association between endometriosis and ovarian cancer has been repeatedly reported in the literature. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate published epidemiological data on this issue. Review Methods: We conducted an extensive search of the literature in MEDLINE, of articles ever published until February 2014, using the key-words “endometriosis” and “ovarian” and one of the following terms in the title: “cancer” or “malignancy” or “malignant” or “tumor” or “neoplasia” or “neoplasm” or “transformation. ” Retrieved papers were checked for further relevant publications. Results: Overall, our search yielded 1 prospective cohort study, 10 retrospective cohort, and 5 case–control studies. A meta-analysis of these studies was not considered to be appropriate, due to differences in data reporting, study design, and adjustment for confounding factors. Limitations: The main limitation of studies found, with one exception, was the lack of operative confirmation of endometriosis. Conclusion: An association of endometriosis with clear-cell and endometrioid ovarian cancer was a consistent finding in most studies. On the other hand, existing epidemiological evidence linking endometriosis with ovarian cancer is insufficient to change current clinical practice. Prospective cohort studies, with prior laparoscopic confirmation, localization, and staging of endometriosis are needed, in order to further clarify this issue.
A Prospective Study of Kitesurfing Injuries

Background To date, the pattern and rate of kitesurfing injuries are largely unclear. Hypothesis The pattern and rate of kitesurfing injuries are comparable to that of contact sports such as football and soccer. Study Design Prospective study. Methods The study was conducted over a 6-month period of 1 season and included 235 kitesurfers. Results The number of self-reported injuries was 124, for an overall self-reported injury rate of 7 per 1000 hours of practice. One fatal accident (polytrauma) and 11 severe injuries occurred during the study period (2 knee ligament injuries and 9 fractures at various sites). The most commonly injured sites were the foot and ankle (28%), skull (14%), chest (13%), and knee (13%). Fifty-six percent of the injuries were attributed to the inability to detach the kite from the harness in a situation involving loss of control over the kite. There was a tendency for athletes using a quick-release system to sustain fewer injuries than athletes without such a release system. Conclusion Kitesurfing can be considered a high-risk sport. Clinical Relevance The use of a quick-release system that enables the surfers to detach the kite in case of an accident might aid in the prevention of injuries.
Hierarchical recruitment of phasic dopamine signaling in the striatum during the progression of cocaine use

Drug addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder that marks the end stage of a progression beginning with recreational drug taking but culminating in habitual and compulsive drug use. This progression is considered to reflect transitions among multiple neural loci. Dopamine neurotransmission in the ventromedial striatum (VMS) is pivotal in the control of initial drug use, but emerging evidence indicates that once drug use is well established, its control is dominated by the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). In the current work, we conducted longitudinal neurochemical recordings to ascertain the spatiotemporal profile of striatal dopamine release and to investigate how it changes during the period from initial to established drug use. Dopamine release was detected using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry simultaneously in the VMS and DLS of rats bearing indwelling i.v. catheters over the course of 3 wk of cocaine self-administration. We found that phasic dopamine release in DLS emerged progressively during drug taking over the course of weeks, a period during which VMS dopamine signaling declined. This emergent dopamine signaling in the DLS mediated discriminated behavior to obtain drug but did not promote escalated or compulsive drug use. We also demonstrate that this recruitment of dopamine signaling in the DLS is dependent on antecedent activity in VMS circuitry. Thus, the current findings identify a striatal hierarchy that is instantiated during the expression of established responses to obtain cocaine.
Anomalous blocking over Greenland preceded the 2013 extreme early melt of local sea ice

ABSTRACT The Arctic marine environment is undergoing a transition from thick multi-year to first-year sea-ice cover with coincident lengthening of the melt season. Such changes are evident in the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait-Labrador Sea (BDL) region where melt onset has occurred ~8 days decade−1 earlier from 1979 to 2015. A series of anomalously early events has occurred since the mid-1990s, overlapping a period of increased upper-air ridging across Greenland and the northwestern North Atlantic. We investigate an extreme early melt event observed in spring 2013. (~6σ below the 1981–2010 melt climatology), with respect to preceding sub-seasonal mid-tropospheric circulation conditions as described by a daily Greenland Blocking Index (GBI). The 40-days prior to the 2013 BDL melt onset are characterized by a persistent, strong 500 hPa anticyclone over the region (GBI >+1 on >75% of days). This circulation pattern advected warm air from northeastern Canada and the northwestern Atlantic poleward onto the thin, first-year sea ice and caused melt ~50 days earlier than normal. The episodic increase in the ridging atmospheric pattern near western Greenland as in 2013, exemplified by large positive GBI values, is an important recent process impacting the atmospheric circulation over a North Atlantic cryosphere undergoing accelerated regional climate change.
Communication assisted navigation in robotic swarms: Self-organization and cooperation

We present a communication based navigation algorithm for robotic swarms. It lets robots guide each other's navigation by exchanging messages containing navigation information through the wireless network formed among the swarm. We study the use of this algorithm in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, the swarm guides a single robot to a target, while in the second, all robots of the swarm navigate back and forth between two targets. In both cases, the algorithm provides efficient navigation, while being robust to failures of robots in the swarm. Moreover, we show that in the latter case, the system lets the swarm self-organize into a robust dynamic structure. This self-organization further improves navigation efficiency, and is able to find shortest paths in cluttered environments. We test our system both in simulation and on real robots.
Measuring interactions between transport protocols and middleboxes

In this paper we explore the evolution of both the Internet's most heavily used transport protocol, TCP, and the current network environment with respect to how the network's evolution ultimately impacts end-to-end protocols. The traditional end-to-end assumptions about the Internet are increasingly challenged by the introduction of intermediary network elements (middleboxes) that intentionally or unintentionally prevent or alter the behavior of end-to-end communications. This paper provides measurement results showing the impact of the current network environment on a number of traditional and proposed protocol mechanisms (e.g., Path MTU Discovery, Explicit Congestion Notification, etc.). In addition, we investigate the prevalence and correctness of implementations using proposed TCP algorithmic and protocol changes (e.g., selective acknowledgment-based loss recovery, congestion window growth based on byte counting, etc.). We present results of measurements taken using an active measurement framework to study web servers and a passive measurement survey of clients accessing information from our web server. We analyze our results to gain further understanding of the differences between the behavior of the Internet in theory versus the behavior we observed through measurements. In addition, these measurements can be used to guide the definition of more realistic Internet modeling scenarios.
QR based MIMO Receivers : A Survey of Complexity and Performance

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) becomes a key technology to achieve a higher data rates in wireless communication. The theoretical limit of MIMO capacity can be achieved by increasing the number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver. While increasing the number of antennas, receiver design becomes very much challenging. Maximum Likelihood Detector (MLD) provides a optimal performance only if the number of antennas and modulation order is small, Otherwise it is impossible to implement in real time. In this paper, we investigated mainly QRM-MLD, LRAD and SD based on Bit Error Rate (BER) and complexity to compare with MLD. Our comparison will be helpful in understanding the complexity –performance trade-off involved in various methods. And the diversity offered by various methods is discussed. This survey helps in choosing an appropriate method for the required channel conditions.
LemmaGen: Multilingual Lemmatisation with Induced Ripple-Down Rules

Lemmatisation is the process of finding the normalised forms of words appearing in text. It is a useful preprocessing step for a number of language engineering and text mining tasks, and especially important for languages with rich inflectional morphology. This paper presents a new lemmatisation system, LemmaGen, which was trained to generate accurate and efficient lemmatisers for twelve different languages. Its evaluation on the corresponding lexicons shows that LemmaGen outperforms the lemmatisers generated by two alternative approaches, RDR and CST, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency. To our knowledge, LemmaGen is the most efficient publicly available lemmatiser trained on large lexicons of multiple languages, whose learning engine can be retrained to effectively generate lemmatisers of other languages.
Infrared spectral energy distribution model for extremely young galaxies

The small grain sizes produced by Type II supernova (SN II) models in young, metal-poor galaxies make the appearance of their infrared (IR) spectral energy distribution (SED) quite different from that of nearby, older galaxies. To study this effect, we have developed a model for the evolution of dust content and the IR SED of low-metallicity, extremely young galaxies based on Hirashita et al. (2002). We find that, even in the inte nse ultraviolet (UV) radiation field of very young galaxies, small silicate grains are subje ct to stochastic heating resulting in a broad temperature distribution and substantial MIR continuum emission. Larger carbonaceous grains are in thermal equilibrium at T ≃ 50‐100 K, and they also contribute to the MIR. We present the evolution of SEDs and IR extinction of very young, low-metallicity galaxies. The IR extinction curve is also shown. In the first few Myrs, the em ission peaks at λ ∼ 30‐50 µm; at later times dust self-absorption decreases the apparent grain temperatures, shifting the bulk of the emission into the submillimetre band. We successfully apply the model to the IR SED of SBS 0335−052, a low metallicity (1/41 Z⊙) dwarf galaxy with an unusually strong MIR flux. We find the SED, optical properties and extinction of the star forming region to be consistent with a very young (age ≃ 6.5 × 10 6 yr) and compact (radius ≃ 20 pc) starburst. We also predict the SED of another extremely low-metallicity galaxy, I Zw 18, for future observational tests. We estimate the FIR luminosity of I Zw 18 to be low as LFIR ∼ 10 7‐7.5 L⊙, depending on the uncertainty of dust mass. Some prospects for future observations are discussed.
Combined Beamformers for Robust Broadband Regularized Superdirective Beamforming

Superdirective fixed beamformers are known to attain high directivity factors, but are extremely sensitive to uncorrelated noise and slight errors in the array elements, which are modeled by the beamformer white noise gain measure. The delay-and-sum beamformer, on the other hand, manages to maximize the white noise gain, but suffers from a very low directivity factor. In this paper, we discuss the design of a broadband beamformer which controls both the directivity factor and the white noise gain. We combine a regularized version of the superdirective beamformer together with the delay-and-sum beamformer to create a robust regularized superdirective beamformer. We derive analytic closed-form expressions of the beamformer gain responses, and extend them to derive a beamformer with full control of the desired white noise gain or the directivity factor. The proposed approach offers a simple and robust broadband beamformer with controllable characteristics, shown here through persuasive simulation results.
Cooperative Simultaneous Localization and Mapping by Exploiting Multipath Propagation

An affordable and reliable indoor positioning is a highly needed service. Moreover, maps of the indoor environment are vital to many applications. In this paper, a method for joint localization and mapping using multipath delay estimates is developed. Required high-resolution estimates of multipath delays may be obtained using radio frequency or acoustic measurements among a set of nodes in a network. In this paper, the problem is modeled in two-dimensional space with arbitrary node configuration and assuming a convex polygonal room shape. Joint localization and mapping is formulated as an optimization problem. It is subdivided and relaxed into two convex subproblems, which can be solved in an alternating manner. A method for data association and a low-complexity mapping algorithm stemming from Hough transform are proposed. Both the estimation performance and identifiability of the indoor localization problem are improved. Moreover, a basic map of the propagation environment is produced.
A novel cyclic D/A converter

A new cyclic digital-to-analog converter using integrator-type sample and hold (S/H) circuits is described. The converter is capable of achieving very high-resolution and very-high accuracy conversion without requiring a precision weighted network. It does not suffer from the problems of stability, switch charge injection, etc. If a high degree of linearity is desired, trimming is necessary. The trimming process is as simple as in the case of gain error or zero error trimming. <<ETX>>
Synchronized Drumming Enhances Activity in the Caudate and Facilitates Prosocial Commitment - If the Rhythm Comes Easily

Why does chanting, drumming or dancing together make people feel united? Here we investigate the neural mechanisms underlying interpersonal synchrony and its subsequent effects on prosocial behavior among synchronized individuals. We hypothesized that areas of the brain associated with the processing of reward would be active when individuals experience synchrony during drumming, and that these reward signals would increase prosocial behavior toward this synchronous drum partner. 18 female non-musicians were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they drummed a rhythm, in alternating blocks, with two different experimenters: one drumming in-synchrony and the other out-of-synchrony relative to the participant. In the last scanning part, which served as the experimental manipulation for the following prosocial behavioral test, one of the experimenters drummed with one half of the participants in-synchrony and with the other out-of-synchrony. After scanning, this experimenter "accidentally" dropped eight pencils, and the number of pencils collected by the participants was used as a measure of prosocial commitment. Results revealed that participants who mastered the novel rhythm easily before scanning showed increased activity in the caudate during synchronous drumming. The same area also responded to monetary reward in a localizer task with the same participants. The activity in the caudate during experiencing synchronous drumming also predicted the number of pencils the participants later collected to help the synchronous experimenter of the manipulation run. In addition, participants collected more pencils to help the experimenter when she had drummed in-synchrony than out-of-synchrony during the manipulation run. By showing an overlap in activated areas during synchronized drumming and monetary reward, our findings suggest that interpersonal synchrony is related to the brain's reward system.
Comparison Of Primary And Secondary Cutaneous CD56+ NK/T Cell Lymphomas

CD56+ NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTL) frequently involves skin and subcutaneous tissue. The characteristics of primary cutaneous nasal-type CD56+ NKTLs and secondary cutaneous involvement of nasal CD56+ NKTLs have not been clearly separated. This retrospective study analyzed 15 cases of NKTL (10 primary CD56+ NKTLs and 5 secondary CD56+ NKTLs) for their clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic characteristics using CD3, CD4, CD20, CD45RO, CD56, TIA-1, CD30, and Ki-67 antigens. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus RNA (EBERISH) and PCR for T cell receptor (TCR) &ggr; gene rearrangement were also performed. Clinically, NKTL-P was seen with equal frequency among male (five cases) and female (five cases) patients and presented with subcutaneous nodules without epidermal changes (nine cases), whereas all cases of NKTL-S occurred in male patients and presented with nodules or plaques with distinct epidermal changes (five cases). Microscopically, initial NKTL-P lesions had the panniculitic patterns of small to medium-sized cells (nine cases). NKTL-S lesions were extensive in both subcutis and dermis, with larger and more pleomorphic tumor cells (four cases) that also showed signs epidermotropism (five cases). In initial biopsies of CD56+ NKTL-P, a minority of tumor cells showed signals for EBERISH and in biopsies of CD56+ NKTL-S, virtually every tumor cell showed signals. While all five patients with secondary CD56+ NKTL died of disease with widespread systemic involvement within 16 months after onset of skin lesions, 7 out of the 10 primary CD56+ NKTL patients survived more than 20 months after onset of skin lesions, with slow progression and episodic recurrences. The primary and secondary cutaneous CD56+ NKTLs showed considerable clinicopathologic differences, suggesting differences in pathogenesis.