Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anger as a Hidden Motivator

The authors examined whether creating associations between products and anger, a negative but also approach-related emotion, motivates people to get or invest in these products when these products are considered attainable. Experiment 1 demonstrated that participants spontaneously spent more physical effort to get anger-related (compared to neutral) products they could attain as gifts. Experiment 2 showed that participants paid more money for anger-related (compared to neutral) products and thus perceived them as more valuable, regardless of whether the anger–product association was established consciously or unconsciously. Importantly, Experiment 2 also revealed that anger-related products were only perceived as more valuable when they were considered in terms of attainability. The authors conclude that anger can be a hidden motivator: Anger-related products that are perceived in terms of attainability act as rewards that motivate people to obtain these products.
The dance language and orientation of bees

Until his death in 1982, Karl von Frisch was the world's most renowned authority on bees. "The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees" is his masterwork - the culmination of more than fifty years of research. Now available for the first time in paperback, it describes in non-technical language what he discovered in a lifetime of study about honeybees - their methods of orientation, their sensory faculties, and their remarkable ability to communicate with one another. Thomas Seeley's new foreword traces the revolutionary effects of von Frisch's work, not just for the study of bees, but for all subsequent research in animal behaviour. This new paperback edition also includes a "Personal Appreciation" of von Frisch by the distinguished biologist Martin Lindauer, who was von Frisch's protege and later his colleague and friend.
Dietary Nisin Modulates the Gastrointestinal Microbial Ecology and Enhances Growth Performance of the Broiler Chickens

Due to antimicrobial properties, nisin is one of the most commonly used and investigated bacteriocins for food preservation. Surprisingly, nisin has had limited use in animal feed as well as there are only few reports on its influence on microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The present study therefore aimed at investigating effects of dietary nisin on broiler chicken GIT microbial ecology and performance in comparison to salinomycin, the widely used ionophore coccidiostat. In total, 720 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed to six experimental groups. The positive control (PC) diet was supplemented with salinomycin (60 mg/kg). The nisin (NI) diets were supplemented with increasing levels (100, 300, 900 and 2700 IU nisin/g, respectively) of the bacteriocin. The negative control (NC) diet contained no additives. At slaughter (35 days of age), activity of specific bacterial enzymes (α- and β-glucosidases, α-galactosidases and β-glucuronidase) in crop, ileum and caeca were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the NC group, and nisin supplementation decreased the enzyme activities to levels observed for the PC group. A similar inhibitory influence on bacterial activity was reflected in the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and putrefactive SCFA (PSCFA) in digesta from crop and ileum; no effect was observed in caeca. Counts of Bacteroides and Enterobacteriacae in ileum digesta were significantly (P<0.001) decreased by nisin and salinomycin, but no effects were observed on the counts of Clostridium perfringens, Lactobacillus/Enterococcus and total bacteria. Like salinomycin, nisin supplementation improved broiler growth performance in a dose-dependent manner; compared to the NC group, the body weight gain of the NI900 and NI2700 groups was improved by 4.7 and 8.7%, respectively. Our findings suggest that dietary nisin exerts a mode of action similar to salinomycin and could be considered as a dietary supplement for broiler chickens.
Reactions to psychological contract breach: a dual perspective

This study examined reactions to psychological contract breach from two separate perspectives, that is, employee's reactions to perceptions of employer breach and supervisor's reactions to perceptions of employee breach of the psychological contract. In addition to the main effects, we also hypothesized that the benevolence (or kindness) of the supervisor and the traditional values (or respect for authority) of the employee would attenuate the negative effects of psychological contract breach. We tested these hypotheses with a sample of 273 supervisor-subordinate dyads from the People's Republic of China. The results showed that employer breach correlated negatively with employee outcomes of organizational commitment (OC), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and work performance, but this negative relationship was weaker for employees with traditional values. The results also demonstrated that employee breach correlated negatively with responses from the supervisor, in terms of the mentoring provided to the employee and the leader-member exchange (LMX) quality. However, more benevolent supervisors reacted less negatively in terms of the mentoring than did the less benevolent supervisors. Implications for future research are offered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Popularity Prediction of Facebook Videos for Higher Quality Streaming

Streaming video algorithms dynamically select between different versions of a video to deliver the highest quality version that can be viewed without buffering over the client's connection. To improve the quality for viewers, the backing video service can generate more and/or better versions, but at a significant computational overhead. Processing all videos uploaded to Facebook in the most intensive way would require a prohibitively large cluster. Facebook's video popularity distribution is highly skewed, however, with analysis on sampled videos showing 1% of them accounting for 83% of the total watch time by users. Thus, if we can predict the future popularity of videos, we can focus the intensive processing on those videos that improve the quality of the most watch time. To address this challenge, we designed Chess, the first popularity prediction algorithm that is both scalable and accurate. Chess is scalable because, unlike the state-of-the-art approaches, it requires only constant space per video, enabling it to handle Facebook's video workload. Chess is accurate because it delivers superior predictions using a combination of historical access patterns with social signals in a unified online learning framework. We have built a video prediction service, ChessVPS, using our new algorithm that can handle Facebook's workload with only four machines. We find that re-encoding popular videos predicted by ChessVPS enables a higher percentage of total user watch time to benefit from intensive encoding, with less overhead than a recent production heuristic, e.g., 80% of watch time with one-third as much overhead.
Successful treatment of myasthenia gravis with tacrolimus

Tacrolimus (FK‐506) is a calcium‐calcineurin inhibitor, successfully used in transplant recipients. We report the successful use of tacrolimus as a single immunosuppressant in a patient who had developed myasthenia gravis (MG) during interferon alpha treatment. In this case, the coexistence of hepatitis C and type 2 diabetes mellitus contraindicated the use of both steroids and azathioprine, and cyclosporine A, although effective, had induced renal failure. Tacrolimus proved to be effective in the treatment of MG, was not significantly hepatotoxic, and was less nephrotoxic than cyclosporine. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 111–114, 2002
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Trust: The Case of Organic Food

A critical and notoriously elusive issue in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) research is the impact of Corporate Social Performance (CSP) on the bottom line. Instead of looking for direct correlations between social and financial performance, we hypothesize that the first result of CSR activities is the creation of trust among the stakeholders. A survey conducted on consumers of organic products provided support for our hypothesis, showing that CSP influences consumer trust and that that trust in turn influences consumers' subsequent actions. The findings further suggest that intermediate variables between CSP and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) may best support a business case for CSR.
The subhalo populations of ΛCDM dark haloes

We investigate the subhalo populations of dark matter haloes in the concordance �CDM cosmology. We use a large cosmological simulation and a variety of high resolution resimulations of individual cluster and galaxy haloes to study the systematics of subhalo populations over ranges of 1000 in halo mass and 1000 in the ratio of subhalo to parent halo mass. The subhalo populations of different haloes are not scaled copies of each other, but vary systematically with halo properties. On average, the amount of substructure increases with halo mass. At fixed mass, it decreases with halo concentration and with halo formation redshift. These trends are comparable in size to the scatter in subhalo abundance between similar haloes. Averaged over all haloes of given mass, the abundance of low mass subhaloes per unit parent halo mass is independendent of parent mass. It is very similar to the abundance per unit mass of low mass haloes in the universe as a whole, once differing boundary definitions for subhaloes and haloes are accounted for. The radial distribution of subhaloes within their parent haloes is substantially less centrally concentrated than that of the dark matter. It varies at most weakly with the mass (or concentration) of the parent halo and not at all with subhalo mass. It does depend on the criteria used to define the subhalo population considered. About 90 per cent of present-day subhaloes were accreted after z = 1 and about 70 per cent after z = 0.5. Only about 8 per cent of the total mass of all haloes accreted at z = 1 survives as bound subhaloes at z = 0. For haloes accreted at z = 2, the survival mass fraction is just 2 per cent. Subhaloes seen near the centre of their parent typically were accreted earlier and retain less of their original mass than those seen near the edge. These strong systematics mean that comparison with galaxies in real clusters is only possible if the formation of the luminous component is modelled appropriately.
Poynting Jets from Accretion Disks

We give further consideration to the problem of the evolution of a coronal, force-free magnetic field that threads a differentially rotating, conducting Keplerian disk, extending the recent work of Li and coworkers. This situation is described by the force-free Grad-Shafranov (GS) equation for the flux function Ψ(r, z) that labels the poloidal field lines (in cylindrical coordinates). The GS equation involves a function H(Ψ) describing the distribution of the poloidal current, which is determined by the differential rotation or "twist" of the disk that increases linearly with time. We numerically solve the GS equation in a sequence of volumes of increasing size corresponding to the expansion of the outer perfectly conducting boundaries at (Rm, Zm). The outer boundaries model the influence of an external nonmagnetized plasma. The sequence of GS solutions provides a model for the dynamical evolution of the magnetic field in response to (1) the increasing twist of the disk and (2) the pressure of external plasma. We find solutions with magnetically collimated Poynting jets in which there is a continuous outflow of energy, angular momentum, and toroidal magnetic flux from the disk into the external space. This behavior contradicts the commonly accepted "theorem" of solar plasma physics that the motion of the footpoints of a magnetic loop structure leads to a stationary magnetic field configuration with zero power, angular momentum, and flux outflows. In addition, we discuss magnetohydrodynamic simulations that show quasi-stationary collimated Poynting jets similar to our GS solutions. In contrast with the GS solutions, the simulations show a steady uncollimated hydromagnetic (nonforce-free) outflow from the outer part of the disk. The Poynting jets are of interest for the understanding of the jets from active galactic nuclei, microquasars, and possibly gamma-ray burst sources.
Performing Arts Entrepreneurship: Toward a Research Agenda

Starting from the position that performing arts entrepreneurship (PAE) deserves its own theoretical treatment in the literature, this article addresses fundamental questions within that subfield. The first step is to define PAE, necessarily incorporating the related concepts of “The Performing Arts Event Cycle” and the “Performing Arts Value Chain. ” The question of why PAE takes place explores the motivations of performing arts entrepreneurs, looking beyond the traditional profit motive. Where PAE occurs is the next question, taking into account audiences, financial resources, available performance venues, and artistic inputs. The final two questions have to do with the timing of PAE, as well as who engages in this activity. Relevance to existing and future research is discussed, as are implications for practice.
Visibility of response as a mediating factor in equity research

Summary Ss in equity experiments are known to give more egoistic and less socially desirable responses when in a more private experimental situation than when in a less private one. It was hypothesized that less socially desirable (less altruistic) responses would be obtained in a mail survey than in a face-to-face interview. In a study among Dutch Ss (N = 216), the hypothesis was confirmed, indicating that visibility of response is an important mediating factor in equity research and that data in an equity experiment preferably should be gathered without experimenter-subject interaction unless public behavior instead of private preferences is to be measured.
Detecting harmonic change in musical audio

We propose a novel method for detecting changes in the harmonic content of musical audio signals. Our method uses a new model for Equal Tempered Pitch Class Space. This model maps 12-bin chroma vectors to the interior space of a 6-D polytope; pitch classes are mapped onto the vertices of this polytope. Close harmonic relations such as fifths and thirds appear as small Euclidian distances. We calculate the Euclidian distance between analysis frames n +1 and n -1 to develop a harmonic change measure for frame n. A peak in the detection function denotes a transition from one harmonically stable region to another. Initial experiments show that the algorithm can successfully detect harmonic changes such as chord boundaries in polyphonic audio recordings.
Comparison of 1‐ and 2‐day protocols for myocardial SPECT: a Monte Carlo study

Background: Myocardial perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is carried out by combining a rest and a stress study that are performed either on one day or two separate days. A problem when performing the two studies on 1 day is that the residual activity from the first study contributes to the activity measured in the second study.
Hyperglycaemic emergencies are a common problem.

OBJECTIVE To determine the number, type, precipitating factors and mortality associated with diabetic emergencies admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital. DESIGN Administered questionnaire survey. SETTING Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. METHODS All patients admitted from September 1991 to January 1992 with elevated blood glucose concentrations who required intravenous insulin and fluids were evaluated by an administered questionnaire prior to discharge from hospital. Patients were divided into four groups according to presence of ketosis, standard bicarbonate level and serum osmolality: (i) mild diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA); (ii) severe DKA; (iii) hyperosmolar state; and (iv) hyperglycaemia. RESULTS There were 131 admissions in 122 patients. Sixty-five occurred in non-insulin-dependent diabetics, 45 in insulin-dependent diabetics and 12 in pancreatic diabetics. There were similar numbers of admissions in the four groups of hyperglycaemic emergencies. The mortality rate was 3% in the mild DKA and hyperglycaemic groups, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the hyperosmolar group (19%). The mortality rate was 11% in the severe DKA group (P > 0.05 v. other groups). Sixty-two per cent of participants had achieved Standard 4 to Standard 8 education. Only 39% were employed at the time of interview. Diabetic knowledge and general compliance were assessed as poor. Infections and poor compliance with hypoglycaemic therapy were the dominant precipitating factors. CONCLUSION Hyperglycaemic emergencies precipitated largely by infections and poor compliance and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality commonly require admission to hospital. Improvement in diabetic education is required to reverse the current situation.
Understandings of children's influence in parent—child relationships: A Q-methodological study

Bidirectional models of interpersonal influence in parent—child relationships underscore the influence of children on their parents. Following a social constructionist perspective, the present study uses Q methodology to explore meanings and beliefs concerning children's influence among members of the Belgian-Flemish culture. Children and adults each performed the Q-sorting tasks that were analysed separately. Q-factor analysis of the children-sorts produced five factors and six factors for the adults. These analyses revealed that a central understanding of children's influence for children and adults is the recognition of the full person and partnership of the child in the relationship. Children's responses focus on the responsiveness of the parents and stress that parents learn from them. Adults' responses emphasize the massiveness of children's influence on the parents' personal development.
Do Adjusted Subscores Lack Validity? Don’t Blame the Messenger

There are several techniques that increase the precision of subscores by borrowing information from other parts of the test. These techniques have been criticized on validity grounds in several of the recent publications. In this note, the authors question the argument used in these publications and suggest both inherent limits to the validity argument and empirical issues worth examining.
Alterations in Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, and Microfilaments Induced by Microcystin-LR in Cultured Cells

Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin that inhibits intracellular serine/threonine protein phosphatases causing disruption of actin microfilaments (MFs) and intermediate filaments (IFs) in hepatocytes. This study compared the effects of MCLR on the organization of MFs, IFs, and microtubules (MTs) in hepatocytes and nonhepatocyte cell lines and determined the sequence of toxin-induced changes in these cytoskeletal components. Rat renal epithelial cells and fibroblasts were incubated with MCLR at 100 or 200 μM for 6-18 hr. Rat hepatocytes in primary culture were exposed to the toxin at 1 or 10 μm for 2-64 min. Cells were fixed and incubated with primary antibodies against β-tubulin, actin, and vimentin or cytokeratin IFs, followed by gold-labeled secondary antibodies with silver enhancement of the gold probe. The fraction of fibroblasts and hepatocytes with altered cytoskeletal morphology was evaluated as a function of MCLR dose and exposure time to assess the sequence of changes in cytoskeletal components. Changes in fibroblasts and some hepatocytes were characterized initially by disorganization of IFs, followed rapidly by disorganization of MTs, with the progressive collapse of both cytoskeletal components around cell nuclei. Many hepatocytes exhibited MT changes prior to effects on IF structure. Alterations in MFs occurred later and included initial aggregation of actin under the plasma membrane, followed by condensation into rosette-like structures and eventual complete collapse into a dense perinuclear bundle. The similarity of effects among different cell types suggests a common mechanism of action, but the independent kinetics of IF and MT disruption in hepatocytes suggests that there may be at least 2 sites of phosphorylation that lead to cytoskeletal alterations.
Simple reaction time in soccer players from differing categories and field positions

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o tempo de reacao simples (visual e auditivo) de jogares de futebol de diferentes categorias e posicoes. A amostra foi composta por 49 jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino, de diferentes categorias (amador e profissional) e posicoes (goleiro, zagueiro, lateral, volante, meio-campo e atacante). Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um sistema composto por um interruptor, um dispositivo para emissao do estimulo visual ou sonoro e um software de aquisicao. Para analise dos dados utilizou-se a estatistica descritiva e inferencial (p < .05). Na comparacao entre as categorias, nao houve diferenca para o tempo de reacao visual (TRV), enquanto os profissionais apresentaram tempos de reacao auditiva (TRA) significativamente menores do que os amadores. Quanto as posicoes em campo, os goleiros apresentaram valores de TRV significativamente menores do que os meio-campistas, e nao houve diferenca para o TRA. Acredita-se que as principais diferencas entre jogadores de diferentes categorias e de diferentes posicoes estejam relacionadas a estrategias mais complexas de captacao e utilizacao da informacao visual em situacoes especificas da modalidade. Quanto ao TRA, a reacao a estimulos auditivos pode nao ser tao importante no desempenho no futebol, que e composto de estimulos predominantemente visuais.
Evaluation of Geese Theatre’s Re-Connect Program: Addressing Resettlement Issues in Prison

This study examined the impact of Geese Theatre’s Re-Connect program on a sample of offenders who attended it. This program used theatre performance, experiential exercises, skills practice role-plays, and metaphors such as the masks to invite a group of offenders to consider and explore issues connected with their release and reconnecting with a life outside prison. Pre- and postprogram psychometric tests, behavior ratings, and interviews were completed to assess the effectiveness of the program. Significant changes were observed from pre- to posttreatment in terms of self-efficacy, motivation to change, and improved confidence in skills (i.e., social and friendship, occupational, family and intimacy, dealing with authority, alternatives to aggression or offending, and self-management and self-control skills). Improved behavior and engagement within the program was observed over the 3 days of the program. Interviews also revealed the positive impact the program had on the participants. This provides evidence supporting the short-term effectiveness of the Re-Connect program.