Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of tense-aspect and mood in Spanish heritage speakers

Child and adult Spanish heritage speakers have been shown to display erosion and loss of the tense-aspect and mood system in oral production. In particular, while they retain the preterit—imperfect difference in the past, the meanings and forms are often confused. Subjunctive morphology, on the other hand, is even more affected (Silva-Corvalán, 1994, 2003). Two related studies were conducted to examine the extent of incomplete knowledge of tense-aspect and mood morphology in 65 adult Spanish heritage speakers raised in the USA and a comparison group of 23 fully competent adult native speakers. Study 1 tested the preterit—imperfect contrast with different predicates; Study 2 focused on the present indicative—subjunctive contrast in different subordinate clauses. Both studies used elicited oral and written production tasks to test morphological accuracy and a sentence conjunction judgment task to tap semantic interpretations. The overall results showed significant differences between the native speakers and the heritage speakers, confirming that heritage speakers make errors with grammatical aspect and mood morphology. Accuracy on grammatical aspect, however, is higher than accuracy on subjunctive morphology in oral and written production and interpretation. This result is compatible with the Regression Hypothesis (Jakobson, 1941), which relates order of acquisition to order of language loss, and with the Interfaces Hypothesis (Tsimpli & Sorace, 2006), which takes into account the complexity of certain linguistic interfaces.
Performance and Inflammation Outcomes are Predicted by Different Facets of SES Under Stereotype Threat

We experimentally tested whether negative stereotypes linked to lower socioeconomic status (SES), in addition to impairing academic performance (Croizet & Claire, 1998), instigate inflammation processes that are implicated in numerous disease processes. In Study 1, verbal test performance and activation of inflammation processes (measured by levels of an inflammatory protein, Interleukin-6 [IL-6]) varied as a function of SES and test framing (i.e., diagnostic vs. nondiagnostic of intellectual ability), with low SES students underperforming and exhibiting greater IL-6 production in the “diagnostic” condition. In Study 2, students expected their verbal exam performance to be compared to peers of higher or lower SES. Low SES students in the upward comparison condition displayed the greatest inflammatory response and worst test performance. Across both studies, different facets of SES predicted vulnerability to negative outcomes, such that low early life SES predicted heightened inflammation responses, while low current SES predicted impaired academic performance.
Towards a dynamic approach to reconversions

Although they are often analysed as forms of reproduction, reconversions have been characterized as forms of mobility in a number of works. Both options are not strictly contradictory and can equally be justified. However, trying to better circumscribe this notion seems utterly necessary today. Although not pretending to offer a precise definition, the author mainly leans on research on the élite conducted in different geographical (France, Hungary, Russia) and historical contexts, and proposes a better-grounded and more heuristic approach to reconversions that would also permit them to be clearly distinguished from conversions.
Old Wine or Warm Beer: Target-Speciﬁc Sentiment Analysis of Adjectives

In this paper, we focus on the target-speciﬁc polarity determination of adjectives. A domain-speciﬁc noun, the target noun, is modiﬁed by a qualifying adjective. Rather than having a prior polarity, adjectives are often bearing a target-speciﬁc polarity. In some cases, a single adjective even switches polarity depending on the accompanying noun. In order to realise such a ’sentiment disam-biguation’, a two stage model is proposed: Identiﬁcation of domain-speciﬁc targets and the construction of a target-speciﬁc polarity ad-jective lexicon. We use Wikipedia for automatic target detection, and a bootstrapping approach to determine the target-speciﬁc adjective polarity. It can be shown that our approach outperforms a baseline system that is based on a prior adjective lexicon derived from Senti-WordNet.
Light-Controlled Biphasic Current Stimulator IC Using CMOS Image Sensors for High-Resolution Retinal Prosthesis and In Vitro Experimental Results With rd1 Mouse

Retinal prosthetic devices stimulate retinal nerve cells with electrical signals proportional to the incident light intensities. For a high-resolution retinal prosthesis, it is necessary to reduce the size of the stimulator pixels as much as possible, because the retinal nerve cells are concentrated in a small area of approximately 5 mm × 5 mm. In this paper, a miniaturized biphasic current stimulator integrated circuit is developed for subretinal stimulation and tested in vitro. The stimulator pixel is miniaturized by using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor composed of three transistors. Compared to a pixel that uses a four-transistor CMOS image sensor, this new design reduces the pixel size by 8.3%. The pixel size is further reduced by simplifying the stimulation-current generating circuit, which provides a 43.9% size reduction when compared to the design reported to be the most advanced version to date for subretinal stimulation. The proposed design is fabricated using a 0.35 μm bipolar-CMOSDMOS process. Each pixel is designed to fit in a 50 μ m × 55 μm area, which theoretically allows implementing more than 5000 pixels in the 5 mm × 5 mm area. Experimental results show that a biphasic current in the range of 0 to 300 μA at 12 V can be generated as a function of incident light intensities. Results from in vitro.
Children's Behavior. Physical Activity Regarding Parents' Perception vs. Children's Activity

There is little doubt about regular exercise being an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the increasing proportion of children and adolescents participating regularly in appropriate physical activities, should be one of the main objectives of health promotion. The family/parents seems to be one of the most important socializing agents, influencing participation in physical activities. Although the values attributed to sport and physical activity are many and diverse, the beliefs and expectations of parents are important for a child's behavior. The main purpose of this study was to verify the parents' expectations and perceptions of reality related to their children's activities. The subjects of the study were 55 school children ( 33 in first grade and 22 in fourth grade, 25 boys and 30 girls). An adaption of the Sample Activity Questionnaire (Rowland 1990) was issued to the children's parents for the diagnosis of exercise deficiency, regarding the level of spontaneous and organized activity. Besides, we asked the children to report on their physical activity habits during a week. Parents said that their daughters (43.3%) are significantly less active than boys (20%). Furthermore, the parents' answers showed that they believe that children are active enough (72% of the boys and 66.7% of the girls) and that they are as active as their friends. Once again, it was interesting to see that children didn't participate (65% of the boys and 71% of the girls) in organized sports activities outside physical education programmes in school. Pedagogic implications are discussed further.
Zyflamend®, a Unique Herbal Preparation With Nonselective OX Inhibitory Activity, Induces Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells That Lack COX-2 Expression

Abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have suppressive effects on several types of cancer cells including prostate cancer. In this study, we considered the potential COX-inhibitory activity of a unique anti-inflammatory herbal preparation (Zyflamend®; New Chapter, Inc., Brattleboro, VT) and analyzed its effects on the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. COX inhibitory activity of Zyflamend was determined by a spectrophotometric-based assay using purified ovine COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Effects of Zyflamend on LNCaP cell growth and apoptosis in vitro were assessed by cell counting, Western blot detection of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and measurement of caspase-3 activity in treated and control cell extracts. Western blotting techniques were conducted to determine the effects of this herbal preparation on the expression of the cell signaling proteins, p21, androgen receptor (AR), phospho-protein kinase C (pPKC)α/β, and phospho (p)Stat3. The phospohorylation status of several signal transduction phosphoproteins was profiled using a high-throughput phosphoprotein screening assay in treated cells and compared to controls. Zyflamend dramatically decreased COX-1 and COX-2 enzymatic activity. Elevated p21 expression coincided with attenuated cell growth following treatment of LNCaP cells with Zyflamend. PARP cleavage fragments were evident, and caspase-3 activity was upregulated over the control indicating the ability of Zyflamend to induce apoptosis of these cells. Androgen receptor expression levels declined by 40%, and decreases were observed in the active forms of Stat3 and PKCα/β in Zyflamend-treated LNCaP cells. Zyflamend inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymatic activities, suppressed cell growth, and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. However, our data suggests that the effects are likely due to COX-independent mechanisms potentially involving enhanced expression of p21 and reduced expression of AR, pStat3, and pPKCα/β.
A Late Start: Delayed Entry, Life Course Transitions and Bachelor's Degree Completion

While a substantial proportion of students delay entry into higher education, sociologists are only beginning to understand the consequences of this phenomenon for educational attainment. Previous studies have reported a negative relationship between delayed entry and degree completion, but they have not been able to explain it with a range of students' background characteristics. Results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth of 1997 indicate that life course transitions, including work, marriage/cohabitation and parenthood, make a unique contribution to explaining this relationship. Adding life course transitions to the models that already control for a range of background characteristics helps to explain the negative relationship between delayed entry and degree completion. These findings have implications for studying educational success in higher education and understanding the process of educational attainment more broadly.
The Conflict Trap Revisited

This article analyzes the association between civil conflicts and educational achievement by studying the Turkish case. It combines the 2005 university entrance exam scores of more than 1.6 million students and a newly constructed data set on the casualties of the Turkish–Kurdish conflict to study the association between the conflict and educational achievement of Turkish students. The results reveal a significant negative association. Combined with the already well-established positive links between education and various measures of socioeconomic development like economic growth, social equality, and public health, the results in this article demonstrate that education is one of the channels through which civil conflicts damage the well-being of societies thereby creating the conditions that perpetuate them.
The Consistency across Vigilance and Reading Tasks of Individual Differences in the Occurrence of Task-Unrelated and Task-Related Images and Thoughts

The production of task-unrelated (TUITs) and task-specific (TST) images and thoughts during vigilance, a shallow information processing task, and during reading, a semantic task requiring deep processing, was examined in thirty-nine 17- to 75-year-old men and women. High positive correlations resulted (p < .01) between the vigilance and the reading tasks on the likelihood of having both deliberate and unintentional TUITs. However, relatively low between-task correlations resulted for TST frequency. The results indicate that low and high TUIT frequency individuals in the reading task will also have, respectively, low and high TUIT frequencies in the vigilance task. Thus, support for the notion of stable individual differences in TUIT production is indicated. No between-task consistency was evident for TST frequency. TST production may be more directly influenced by the immediate task, as opposed to an individual cognitive capacity for processing information.
Perceived rape myth acceptance of others predicts rape proclivity: Social norm or judgmental anchoring?

Previous research has shown that information about others' rape myth acceptance (RMA) affects men's rape proclivity (Bohner, Siebler, & Schmelcher, 2006). By varying both the level (low vs. high) and format (norm vs. anchor) of such information, different explanations for this effect were investigated. After reporting their own RMA, 117 male participants either read about others' allegedly low vs. high RMA responses (norm conditions), or estimated if others' responses were higher or lower than an "arbitrary" low vs. high value (anchor conditions). Later, participants indicated their rape proclivity (RP). Results show that the level of others' RMA significantly affected participants' self-reported RP, independent of information format. Furthermore, self-reported RMA and RP were positively correlated. Implications for future research are discussed.
Lower order calmness and exact penalty function

In this article, we investigate the exact penalty properties of a lower order penalty function under a lower order calmness conditions. It is shown that the local exact penalization of the lower order penalty function with any positive penalty parameter holds under the local lower order calmness condition. A necessary and sufficient condition for global exact penalization of the lower order penalty function is given in terms of global lower order calmness condition. Furthermore, a formula of least global exact penalty parameter for the lower order penalty function is obtained.
When Intimacy and Companionship are at the Core of the Phenomenological Research Process

Historically, there has been an ambivalent attitude in psychology toward the place of the “subjective” both in clinical practice and in research. This has been true even for phenomenological research where there is a desire to embrace the personal while there is also a concern that findings be presented as if they are objective in the sense of having an existence independent of the particular researcher’s relationship to them. This article discusses a collaborative approach to research that depends on the development of a relationship of intimacy among the researchers and between the researchers and the phenomenon under study. The dialogal phenomenological approach has a twenty-year history and has been used to study phenomena such as social activism, helping and healing, forgiveness, and hopelessness. Focusing especially on two recent studies of hopelessness, I discuss how in the context of dialogue among researchers presence and intimacy, and truth and understanding become possible, and how working collaboratively makes it easier to find words to speak to what one encounters.
Teacher Perceptions of the Emotional and Behavioral Functioning for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Abstract Identifying educational interventions for and teacher perceptions of children experiencing homelessness are important issues for the long-term well being of these children. This study examined relations among classroom behaviors, mothers' reports of academic achievement, and teacher perceptions of behavioral and emotional functioning for a group of elementary school-aged African American children experiencing homelessness. Results of regression analyses indicated that classroom behavior and reported achievement were significantly positively related to teacher perceptions of the children's functioning. Findings also demonstrated that older children, especially boys, were at risk for poor teacher perceptions. Findings for this study are useful for professionals interested in designing classroom interventions and measuring outcomes for these children.
Management Faculty Perceptions of Candidates With Online Doctorates: Why the Stigma?

Faculty perceptions of the viability of candidates with online doctorates for a tenure-track assistant professor position in management were examined. Survey results of U.S. faculty members in management departments at institutions accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) indicated that most (90%) would not hire someone with an online degree for a tenure-track faculty position. Given comparable teaching and research records, all candidates with traditional doctorates were rated higher than those with online doctorates. Common reasons given by respondents as to why they would not consider someone with an online doctorate included poor quality of instruction, lack of credibility of an online degree, lack of face-to-face contact, lack of AACSB accreditation, lack of rigorous discourse, and lack of mentoring.
Examining the influence of articles involving marketing history, thought, and theory: A Journal of Marketing citation analysis, 1950s-1990s

Using citation count data we examined the impact on the discipline of a number of articles dealing with marketing history, thought, and theory. This examination was made on a decade-by-decade basis from the 1950s through the 1990s. Articles commonly regarded as ‘classics’ generally fared well in attracting citations, and often maintained good track records over time. But this was not always the case; some articles that one might expect to be well cited were not. Articles focusing explicitly on historical research in marketing revealed citation counts comparable with many of the other works published on marketing thought and theory.
Predicting Physical Exercise in Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Role of Phase-Specific Self-Efficacy Beliefs

During the process of health behavior change, individuals pass different phases characterized by different demands and challenges that have to be mastered. To overcome these demands successfully, phase-specific self-efficacy beliefs are important. The present study distinguishes between task self-efficacy, maintenance self-efficacy, and recovery self-efficacy. These phase-specific beliefs were studied in a sample of 484 cardiac patients during rehabilitation treatment and at follow-up 2 and 4 months after discharge to predict physical exercise at 4 and 12 months follow-up. The three phase-specific self-efficacies showed sufficient discriminant validity and allowed for differential predictions of intentions and behavior. Persons in the maintenance phase benefited more from maintenance self-efficacy in terms of physical exercise than persons not in the maintenance phase. Those who had to resume their physical exercise after a health related break profited more from recovery self-efficacy in terms of physica.
Cognitive, Behavioral, and Affective Responses to Reward: Links with Hypomanic Symptoms

Abstract The behavioral activation system, a motivational system relating to pursuit of incentives, has been hypothesized to be involved in the genesis of manic symptoms. The authors used laboratory measures to study how hypomanic symptoms predicted incentive–related outcomes in a student sample (N = 153). A reward for fast performance was offered part–way through a button–pressing task, and participants received both success feedback and a monetary reward. Measures included response time, positive affect, expectancy of future success, and goal setting on a subsequent task. Lifetime hypomanic vulnerability tended to predict, and current symptoms significantly predicted, higher success expectancy after reward. Lifetime hypomanic vulnerability related to higher goal–setting for future tasks after reward. Current hypomanic symptoms related to greater positive affect after reward. Discussion integrates these findings with previous evidence of achievement striving in bipolar disorder.
Some effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and noradrenaline on neurones in the submucous plexus of guinea‐pig small intestine.

1. Responses to the iontophoretic application of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), dopamine and noradrenaline were examined in neurones of the submucous plexus of guinea‐pig small intestine. 2. Every neurone was excited by 5‐HT. 3. In a proportion of cells, dopamine or noradrenaline caused an increase in membrane potential. This response was only observed in cells which received in inhibitory innervation. The responses closely resembled inhibitory synaptic potentials evoked by transmural stimulation. 4. Both inhibitory synaptic potentials and inhibitory responses to dopamine and noradrenaline were blocked by methysergide. 5. It seems possible that these two catecholamines may interact with similar receptors to those activated by inhibitory transmitter.
Talking Minds: The Scholastic Construction of Incorporeal Discourse

One of the assumptions that impregnate academic discourse, even that of social scientists committed to the re-incorporation of their disciplines, is its extra-corporeal character. This article analyzes the scholastic construction of producing and perceiving oral, written or silent discourses as non-corporeal acts. First, it argues that there is a certain continuity between monastic rituals that build the spirit as something different from and higher than the body and academic rituals that train people to place the source of discourse in the mind. Second, it explores how the separation of discourse from the discourse-producing body is currently built and reproduced through participation in university and academic rituals. It holds that such participation installs in the bodies of academics an identification with the habit of producing discourses. Finally, it suggests that the fact that attempts to re-incorporate body to social life are performed by academics who have been trained in disembodying their discourses conditions the results of such attempts.
The evolving role of obesity in knee osteoarthritis

Purpose of reviewThe frequency of knee osteoarthritis continues to accelerate, likely because of the increasing proliferation of obesity, particularly in men and women 40–60 years of age at the leading edge of the ‘baby boom’ demographic expansion. The increasing pervasiveness of obesity and the growing appreciation of obesity's accompanying metabolic/inflammatory activities suggest rethinking the knee osteoarthritis paradigm. Recent findingsWhereas once knee osteoarthritis was considered a ‘wear-and-tear’ condition, it is now recognized that knee osteoarthritis exists in the highly metabolic and inflammatory environments of adiposity. Cytokines associated with adipose tissue, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, may influence osteoarthritis though direct joint degradation or control of local inflammatory processes. Further, pound-for-pound, not all obesity is equivalent for the development of knee osteoarthritis; development appears to be strongly related to the co-existence of disordered glucose and lipid metabolism. Additionally, obesity loads may be detected by mechanoreceptors on chondrocyte surfaces triggering intracellular signaling cascades of cytokines, growth factors, and metalloproteinases. SummaryThis review summarizes recent literature about obesity, knee osteoarthritis and joint pain. Consideration of adipocytokines, metabolic factors, and mechanical loading-metabolic factor interactions will help to broaden the thinking about targets for both prevention and intervention for knee osteoarthritis.