Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delirium in older people in hospital: an education programme.

AIM This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational programme on the identification and management of delirium by nurses in the medical wards of a tertiary care hospital in South India. METHOD A non-equivalent controlled pre- and post-intervention research design was used. The sample size of nurses through convenient sampling was 15 in the experimental group and 17 in the comparison group. A questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of nurses and an observation checklist was used to assess practice. The Confusion Assessment METHOD ( Inouye et al, 1990 ) was used to detect delirium among older people who were hospitalised. Data collection was carried out over a 6-week period. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in the knowledge (p<0.001) and practice (p<0.003) of nurses in the experimental group following the educational programme.
Valuing Biodiversity for Use in Pharmaceutical Research

"Biodiversity prospecting" has been touted as a mechanism for both discovering new pharmaceutical products and saving endangered ecosystems. It is unclear what values may arise from such activities, however. Evidence from transactions is incomplete and existing theoretical models are flawed. We calculate an upper bound on the value of the "marginal species. " Even under favorable assumptions this bound is modest. Slightly modified assumptions lead to drastically lower estimates. We extend our findings to the value of the marginal hectare of habitat and find that the incentives for habitat conservation generated by private pharmaceutical research are also, at best, very modest.
The flexibility of production processes: a general framework

Various models have been developed over the years to analyze the many facets of the flexibility of production and operations systems. This paper proposes a general framework for the modeling and analysis of flexibility. The argument hinges upon the distinction between flexibility---a property of the technology---and diversity---a property of the environment in which the technology is operated. Flexibility is characterized as a hedge against diversity. Intuitive strategic properties that are conventionally attributed to flexibility are shown to follow directly from this framework. As illustrated by the different examples that are discussed, many existing models can be naturally interpreted in this context. As an application, the effect of load imbalance on a set of parallel machines is analyzed. The problem sheds light on the role of flexibility in queuing network and lot-sizing models of production.
Dividend investing performance and explanations: a practitioner perspective

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to investigate the risk and return characteristics of dividend investing compared to a passive “market” approach and provide probable explanations for any differences in return and risk. Design/methodology/approach - The research design is a standard time series analysis of two different data sets containing information about return for “dividend portfolios” and the “market portfolio”. Findings - Investing in high dividend-paying firms earns abnormal returns in a long short-strategy in the USA and in world indices, confirming earlier studies. Different overlapping strategies and agency theory are used to provide explanations for the dividend strategy's persistence. Research limitations/implications - While the US findings were significant at conventional levels, the results using the world indices had significance levels that were slightly below the usual academic cut off but may be acceptable to practitioners. Practical implications - Seemingly anomalous findings should disappear once reported, yet the high dividend-paying strategy continues to persist and this article provides some explanations relating to the value strategy, beta puzzle and agency theory. Social implications - Paying dividends may be socially responsible since it is explained as a way of deploying free cash flow in an efficient manner rather than wasting money through overpriced acquisitions or buybacks of overpriced shares. Originality/value - By using different databases, earlier research is confirmed and also found to be robust across different time periods. The contribution of this paper is to link the value premium, the beta puzzle and agency issues of free cash flows together to explain the outperformance and persistence of dividend investing from a practitioner viewpoint.
Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression Outcomes Predicted by Willingness to Engage in Homework, Compliance with Homework, and Cognitive Restructuring Skill Acquisition

There is a need to understand the mechanism through which homework contributes to clinically meaningful change in therapy. Theoretically meaningful factors such as willingness to complete therapeutic assignments and cognitive skill acquisition have not been carefully studied in prior research. Depressed outpatients (N = 46) received cognitive behavioural group therapy for a 10‐week period and were assigned relevant homework activities. Patient self‐report and independent ratings of homework compliance were obtained on a session‐by‐session basis. Using path analysis, the authors found evidence that willingness to complete homework assignments and mastery of skill in cognitive restructuring helped account for the relationship between homework compliance and reduced symptom severity (R 2 = .40). However, paths were only significant when patient self‐report of homework compliance was used in the model. The present study highlights the problems in assessing homework compliance and in assuming that independent assessment of compliance is more accurate than patient self‐report.
Teaching Methods for Learning Outcomes.

Focuses on learning outcomes in debates on teaching methods in higher education (HE). Presents six core learning outcomes and ten common teaching methods for each of the learning outcomes. Concludes that the search for any universally best teaching method is bound to be fruitless and should give way to the search for better ways of achieving particular learning outcomes. Recommends the widening of the repertoire of teaching methods available to academic staff as a means of diminishing the severity of the trade‐off between teaching effectiveness and teaching efficiency as the unit of teaching resource continues to fall.
Evolution of Rates of Return to Schooling in Tunisia: 1980-1999

With reference to the theory of human capital, we estimate the Mincerian earnings functions based on individual data from national surveys of population and employment in 1980 and 1999. We show that the rates of return to education are, in 1980 and 1999, increasing proportionally with educational level. This growth of return rates means that the incentives for human capital accumulation continue to be strong. This result is general, it is observed for men and women, and in urban and rural areas. However, between 1980 and 1999, the average rate of return to education declined from 9.5% to 5.9%. Furthermore, this decline in the rates of return is general for all levels of education. This phenomenon affects the urban and rural areas as well as men and women. But the decline in the rate of return increases when the education level is low: the less the education level is, the bigger the decline in the rate of return is. This can result in a general deficiency in demand for labor by companies which seriously affects low qualified people. Following Heckman (1979), we re-estimate the earnings functions corrected for selection bias due to Mill's reversed ratio. The new findings of education return rates are superior to those obtained from the standard estimates. The results prove that education return rates increase when the education level increases; moreover, it explained the decline that happened between 1980 and 1999, which touched all education levels. However, the relative decrease in returns to education becomes larger in higher education levels; the lack of demand for labor would be felt more for the more educated.
9-{[4-(Dimethylamino)benzyl]amino}-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,5a,8a,9-tetrahydrofuro[3′,4′:6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(8H)-one methanol monosolvate

In the title compound, C30H32N2O7·CH4O, the tetrahydrofuran ring and the six-membered ring fused to it both display envelope conformations, with the ring C atom opposite the carbonyl group and the adjacent bridgehead C atom as the flaps, respectively. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link all moieties into ribbons along [010]. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions consolidate the crystal packing further.
THE ACTION OF THE PLANT GROWTH HORMONE

1. Sections of Avena coleoptiles are found to show a considerable elongation when suspended in solutions of growth substance. 2. This elongation does not take place in the absence of O2 and is inhibited by KCN and phenylurethane. 3. The rate of respiration of sections of coleoptiles is increased by the addition of growth substance in concentrations which cause growth. High concentrations of growth substance inhibit growth and also respiration. 4. The increase in respiration is inhibited by KCN and phenylurethane in the concentrations which inhibit normal respiration. These concentrations are the same as those which inhibit growth. 5. From 2, 3, and 4, it seems possible that the increase in respiration caused by growth substance may be an essential part of its action in growth.
Captopril induced reversible renal failure: a marker of renal artery stenosis affecting a solitary kidney.

Alcohol was most commonly detected in women aged 31-40 years, of whom 400o had a positive assay result. The admission of 36 patients (8.20%) was considered to be due to the effects of alcohol. In 28 of these patients the screening questionnaire disclosed an alcohol problem, and the remaining eight were considered by their consultant physician to have an alcohol related problem. On admission self poisoning was diagnosed in 55 patients (11F4%), of whom 25 had alcohol in their blood. Self poisoning was most common in the 31-40 year age group, in which 1 1 out of 16 patients had measurable blood alcohol values.
Influence of Cataract Morphology on Straylight and Contrast Sensitivity and Its Relevance to Fitness to Drive

Aims: To evaluate straylight and contrast sensitivity in cataractous eyes of different morphologies, and to determine which type of cataract presents higher impairment of visual function, specifically compared to studies proposing new norms for European drivers. Methods: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity and straylight were measured in 97 cataractous eyes using respectively a Snellen chart, a Pelli-Robson chart and the compensation comparison method (C-Quant Straylight Meter). Cataracts were graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) and divided into 4 groups: nuclear, cortical, nuclear-cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract. These results were compared to data from 38 cataract-free control subjects. Results: Contrast sensitivity was reduced and straylight increased in all cataract patients, most notably in posterior subcapsular and nuclear-cortical cataract. Contrast sensitivity and BCVA were correlated (r = 0.44), whereas straylight and BCVA were not. Applying cut-off values as proposed by European drivers studies of 1.25 log contrast sensitivity and 1.4 log straylight as safe margins for driving, 31% would be considered unfit to drive on the basis of contrast sensitivity and 78% on the basis of straylight, although their visual acuity was still above the current European visual acuity requirement for driving. Conclusions: Straylight and, to a lesser extent, contrast sensitivity are complementary to BCVA and should be taken into account when considering surgery or driving legality.
Perceived service quality as a customer‐based performance measure: An empirical examination of organizational barriers using an extended service quality model

This study empirically examines organizational barriers to delivering high-quality service performance as measured by customer perceptions and expectations. Using the extended service-quality model developed by Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman (Journal of Marketing, 52, 35–48) as a conceptual framework, five specific propositions implied by the model and by earlier studies contributing to its development were tested. Such testing required a complex research design involving five service companies as well as samples of customers, contact employees, and managers from each company. The results have practical implications and suggest an agenda for future organizational research.
Institution of combined treatment with testosterone and charcoal-extracted porcine follicular fluid immediately after orchidectomy prevents the postcastration hypersecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone in the hypothalamus-lesioned rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) receiving an invariant intravenous

In the male rhesus monkey, the negative feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion by the gonad involves a specific inhibitory action of a testicular hormone on FSH release at the level of the anterior pituitary gland. Neither circulating testosterone (T) nor estradiol appears to be able to account for the testicular inhibition of FSH in this species. The purpose of the present study was to begin to examine the role of gonadal peptides in this regard. To this end, an episodic pattern of activity in the pituitary-Leydig cell axis was restored in seven hypothalamus-lesioned male rhesus monkeys with a chronic and unchanging intermittent iv infusion of GnRH (0.1 microgram/min for 3 min every 3 h). This preparation, known as the hypophysiotropic clamp, has been described in detail previously. Charcoal-extracted porcine follicular fluid (pFF) was used as the source of gonadal peptides. In five animals, initiation of combined T replacement and pFF treatment (10-15 ml, sc, every 12 h for 8 days) maintained circulating FSH at concentrations similar to those observed before gonadectomy. Withdrawal of pFF treatment for 8 days while maintaining T replacement resulted in a progressive and dramatic rise in plasma FSH concentrations. Reinitiation of pFF treatment resulted in a return of circulating FSH concentrations toward precastration control values. Changes in LH secretion throughout the experiment were unremarkable. In an attempt to assess any nonspecific effects of porcine protein on gonadotropin secretion, the remaining two animals received charcoal-extracted pig serum instead of pFF. In these animals circulating FSH concentrations rose 7- to 8-fold during the 8 days of combined T replacement and pig serum treatment. These findings provide evidence to support the view that a testicular peptide, most probably inhibin, plays a major role in the negative feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the monkey by exerting an inhibitory action on FSH secretion directly at the level of the anterior pituitary gland.
Interferon-alpha upregulates both interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma production by human CD4+ T cells.

To the Editor: Aman et al[1][1] recently reported that interferon-α (IFN-α) upregulates the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) by activated monocytes or CD4+ T cells. These data are in line with our previously published findings[2][2] which showed that IFN-α downregulates IL-5 production by
Role of Family Resources in Firm Performance: Evidence from Tanzania

The main purpose of this article is to examine the role of intangible family resources in the performance of family enterprises in Tanzania. In particular, the article examines the role of information sharing, family patient capital and family labor in firm performance. Using a sample of 163 family firms and the structural equation model of analysis, the findings indicate that family patient capital and information sharing contribute significantly to the performance of firms. With regard to the cost of labor, the study does not show any evidence that lower labor costs improve family firms' performance, most probably because these businesses incur additional labor costs which are not directly linked to the business. Based on the results, it is concluded that the family has an influence on the strategic level of family businesses, thereby contributing to their success.
Paid work and socio-political consciousness of garment workers in Bangladesh

Abstract During the era of globalization, while international capital and world market factories are shaping the course of industrialization and “development” in many countries, it remains to be seen how far such “development” is conducive to increasing and improving women's paid work specifically, and labour rights, and empowerment in general. Using my research in Bangladesh, I juxtapose garment workers' experience to assess the implications of world market factories on women workers, their wages, work conditions, skill development, organizational links, and empowerment. In this article, I argue that women's multiple responsibilities and specific social locations as women and paid workers create distinctive form of activism and political consciousness. In addition, I suggest that the intersections of women's lives in the family and the workplace and their networks with other women create what Morgan and Bookman (1988) call “double consciousness” as women and as workers. This double consciousness generates multiple forms of resistance and social movements against the nexus between the state, multinational and local entrepreneurs.
The risk and return of UK equities following price innovations: a case of market inefficiency?

This study considers the risk and return of stocks following price innovations of all sizes on UK data. The results indicate that over a long period of time it has been possible to estimate, to some extent, the expected returns and the variance of returns on a given day from the return on the previous day. Although the results indicate it is not possible to make profits (in the presence of transaction costs) from trading on price innovations in general, they do suggest a ‘timing’ rule which will reduce losses. Essentially, if the market has fallen up to 3% on a given day, the expected return the following day is negative. Therefore, perhaps there is some truth in the old market saying of ‘Never try to catch a falling knife’ and this has clear implications for the efficiency of the market.
The Social Relations Approach, empowerment and women factory workers in Malaysia

This article discusses the empowerment of women factory workers in Malaysia through the lens of Kabeer’s Social Relations Approach. The approach offers an institutional analysis of how gender inequality is produced and calls for the overall terms of exchange and cooperation to be shifted in women’s favour. Its application shows that Malaysian women factory workers face significant challenges, due to the character of institutions, and women’s difficulties in adopting and internalising the notion of ‘empowerment’.
The p53-inducible TSAP6 gene product regulates apoptosis and the cell cycle and interacts with Nix and the Myt1 kinase

The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis by controlling cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. We have previously described a transcript designated tumor suppressor activated pathway-6 (TSAP6) that is up-regulated in the p53-inducible cell line, LTR6. Cloning of the murine and human full-length TSAP6 cDNA revealed that it encodes a 488-aa protein with five to six transmembrane domains. This gene is the murine and human homologue of the recently published rat pHyde. Antibodies raised against murine and human TSAP6 recognize a 50- to 55-kDa band induced by p53. Analysis of the TSAP6 promoter identified a functional p53-responsive element. Functional studies demonstrated that TSAP6 antisense cDNA diminished levels of the 50- to 55-kDa protein and decreased significantly the levels of p53-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TSAP6 small interfering RNA inhibited apoptosis in TSAP6-overexpressing cells. Yeast two-hybrid analysis followed by GST/in vitro-transcribed/translated pull-down assays and in vivo coimmunoprecipitations revealed that TSAP6 associated with Nix, a proapoptotic Bcl-2-related protein and the Myt1 kinase, a negative regulator of the G2/M transition. Moreover, TSAP6 enhanced the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis and cooperated with Nix to exacerbate this effect. Cell-cycle studies indicated that TSAP6 could augment Myt1 activity. Overall, these data suggest that TSAP6 may act downstream to p53 to interface apoptosis and cell-cycle progression.
Does “Local” Mean Ethical? The U.S. “Buy Local” Movement and CSR in SMEs

“Buy Local” campaigns argue that consumers who patronize local firms instead of national chains reap broad economic, social, and ecological benefits for their home communities. These campaigns, which seek to create social change through market forces, imply that “local” means ethical. What ethical claims do localism advocates make for the benefits of local consumption, and how do they verify those claims? And how does the buy-local case inform broader debates on ethical markets? We find that U.S. buy-local organizations routinely focused on marketing concerns and failed to police members’ socially responsible bona fides. We also find that prolocal organizations promoted community cohesion and served an important role in disseminating sustainability information through new networks. We suggest that small- and medium-sized enterprises, which face particular challenges in authenticating claims for their economic and ecological impact, should consider restricting claims to their more specific and more easily verified social impact.
Effects of Spike Timing on Winner-Take-All Competition in Model Cortical Circuits

Synaptic interactions in cortical circuits involve strong recurrent excitation between nearby neurons and lateral inhibition that is more widely spread. This architecture is commonly thought to promote a winner-takeall competition, in which a small fraction of neuronal responses is selected for further processing. Here I report that such a competition is remarkably sensitive to the timing of neuronal action potentials. This is shown using simulations of model neurons and synaptic connections representing a patch of cortical tissue. In the simulations, uncorrelated discharge among neuronal units results in patterns of response dominance and suppression, that is, in a winner-take-all competition. Synchronization of firing, however, prevents such competition. These results demonstrate a novel property of recurrent cortical-like circuits, suggesting that the temporal patterning of cortical activity may play an important part in selection among stimuli competing for the control of attention and motor action.
Genetic drift can dominate short-term human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef quasispecies evolution in vivo

The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 nef quasispecies in a patient clonally infected with a contaminated batch of blood clotting factor IX was monitored. nef sequences were derived at 11, 25, and 41 months postinfection from infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells after molecular cloning of PCR-amplified proviral DNA. The phylogenetic relationships among a total of 41 informative sequences were established by split decomposition analysis and used as a basis to establish a substitution matrix and to score synonymous (s) and nonsynonymous (ns) substitutions. The number of observed in-phase stop codons within the nef sequences was comparable to that expected on a random basis. Similarly, the numbers of observed s and ns substitutions did not differ significantly from expected values. No codon position was preferentially mutated. The maximum sequence divergence increased in a linear manner, with approximately 4.4 nucleotide and approximately 3.2 amino acid changes per year. It appears that stochastic processes strongly influence short-term HIV nef quasispecies evolution in vivo.