Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Accumulation of Vitamins, Nutraceuticals and Minerals in Lettuces Associated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF): A Question of Interest for Both Vegetables and Humans

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is extensively grown and is the most widely used food crop for the called "Fourth Range" of vegetables. Lettuce exhibits healthy properties mainly due to the presence of antioxidant compounds (vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols) alongside significant fibre content and useful amounts of certain minerals. Lettuce can establish a mutualistic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The establishment of the symbiosis involves a continuous cellular and molecular dialogue between both symbionts, which includes the activation of antioxidant, phenylpropanoid or carotenoid metabolic pathways. The presence of AMF colonizing roots of greenhouse-grown lettuces can induce an accumulation of secondary metabolites, vitamins and minerals in leaves that overcome the dilution effect due to the increased size of mycorrhizal plants. Therefore, AMF would allow the intake of minerals and compounds with antioxidant properties to be enhanced without increasing the consumption of lettuce in the diet. In addition, increased quantities of secondary metabolites may help lettuce plants to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. Our review discusses the influence exerted by several environmental factors and agronomic practices on the ability of AMF for enhancing the levels of vitamins, nutraceuticals and minerals in leaves of green and red-leaf types of lettuces.
The Effect of N-acetylation and N-methylation of Lysine Residue of Tat Peptide on its Interaction with HIV-1 TAR RNA

Post-translational modification (PTM) of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a very important role in determining their binding to cognate RNAs and therefore regulate the downstream effects. Lysine can undergo various PTMs and thereby contribute to the regulation of different cellular processes. It can be reversibly acetylated and methylated using a pool of respective enzymes, to act as a switch for controlling the binding efficiency of RBPs. Here we have delineated the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of N-acetylation and N-monomethylation of lysine on interaction between HIV-1 TAR RNA and its cognate binder Tat peptide ( a model system). Our results indicate that acetylation of lysine 50 (K50), leads to eight- fold reduction in binding affinity, originating exclusively from entropy changes whereas, lysine 51 (K51) acetylation resulted only in three fold decrease with large enthalpy-entropy compensation. The measurement of kinetic parameters indicated major change (4.5 fold) in dissociation rate in case of K50 acetylation however, K51 acetylation showed similar effect on both association and dissociation rates. In contrast, lysine methylation did not affect the binding affinity of Tat peptide to TAR RNA at K50, nonetheless three fold enhancement in binding affinity was observed at K51 position. In spite of large enthalpy-entropy compensation, lysine methylation seems to have more pronounced position specific effect on the kinetic parameters. In case of K50 methylation, simultaneous increase was observed in the rate of association and dissociation leaving binding affinity unaffected. The increased binding affinity for methylated Tat at K51 stems from faster association rate with slightly slower dissociation rate.
Identification and Analysis of Multi-Protein Complexes in Placenta

Placental malfunction induces pregnancy disorders which contribute to life-threatening complications for both the mother and the fetus. Identification and characterization of placental multi-protein complexes is an important step to integratedly understand the protein-protein interaction networks in placenta which determine placental function. In this study, blue native/sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN/SDS-PAGE) and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to screen the multi-protein complexes in placenta. 733 unique proteins and 34 known and novel heterooligomeric multi-protein complexes including mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, integrin complexes, proteasome complexes, histone complex, and heat shock protein complexes were identified. A novel protein complex, which involves clathrin and small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel protein 2, was identified and validated by antibody based gel shift assay, co-immunoprecipitation and immunoﬂuorescence staining. These results suggest that BN/SDS-PAGE, when integrated with LC-MS/MS, is a very powerful and versatile tool for the investigation of placental protein complexes. This work paves the way for deeper functional characterization of the placental protein complexes associated with pregnancy disorders.
Diophantine approximation, Khintchine's theorem, torus geometry and Hausdorff dimension

A general form of the Borel-Cantelli Lemma and its connection with the proof of Khintchine's Theorem on Diophantine approximation and the more general Khintchine-Groshev theorem are discussed. The torus geometry in the planar case allows a relatively direct proof of the planar Groshev theorem for the set of $\psi$-approximable points in the plane. The construction and use of Haudsorff measure and dimension are explained and the notion of ubiquity, which is effective in estimating the lower bound of the Hausdorff dimension for quite general lim sup sets, is described. An application is made to obtain the Hausdorff dimension of the set of approximable points in the plane when $\psi(q)=q^{-v}$, $v>0$, corresponding to the planar Jarnik-Besicovich theorem.
Recognizing Induced Emotions of Movie Audiences from Multimodal Information

Recognizing emotional reactions of movie audiences to affective movie content is a challenging task in affective computing. Previous research on induced emotion recognition has mainly focused on using audio-visual movie content. Nevertheless, the relationship between the perceptions of the affective movie content (perceived emotions) and the emotions evoked in the audiences (induced emotions) is unexplored. In this work, we studied the relationship between perceived and induced emotions of movie audiences. Moreover, we investigated multimodal modelling approaches to predict movie induced emotions from movie content based features, as well as physiological and behavioral reactions of movie audiences. To carry out analysis of induced and perceived emotions, we first extended an existing database for movie affect analysis by annotating perceived emotions in a crowd-sourced manner. We find that perceived and induced emotions are not always consistent with each other. In addition, we show that perceived emotions, movie dialogues, and aesthetic highlights are discriminative for movie induced emotion recognition besides spectators’ physiological and behavioral reactions. Also, our experiments revealed that induced emotion recognition could benefit from including temporal information and performing multimodal fusion. Moreover, our work deeply investigated the gap between affective content analysis and induced emotion recognition by gaining insight into the relationships between aesthetic highlights, induced emotions, and perceived emotions.
The Multi-Source Interference Task: The Effect of Randomization

Recently a novel interference task was developed, that was aimed at obtaining robust patterns of interference in individual subjects, both behaviorally and neurophysiologically (Bush, Shin, Holmes, Rosen & Vogt, 2003). This multi-source interference task (MSIT) combined elements of spatial and flanker interference, and huge interference effects were obtained in a blocked design. This task could thus in principle be used to assess frontal abnormalities, such as ADHD. In the present study, we further examined the nature of the MSIT. We examined the effect of randomization, and the relative contribution of each type of interference. Using a group of healthy subjects, we found a much smaller interference effect than Bush et al. (2003). In addition, we found that most of the interference could be ascribed to flanker interference, and much less to spatial interference. It seems to be the case that there is a trade-off between obtaining robust and reliable effects, and isolating a specific psychological process.
Signature of Saturn's auroral cusp:simultaneous Hubble Space Telescope FUV observations and upstream solar wind monitoring

[1] Model simulations by Bunce et al. (2005a) have shown that direct precipitation of electrons in Saturn's dayside cusp regions is not capable of producing significant FUV aurora. Instead, they suggested the possibility that the FUV bright emissions sometimes observed near noon are associated with reconnection occurring at the dayside magnetopause, possibly pulsed, analogous to flux transfer events seen at the Earth. Pulsed reconnection at the low-latitude dayside magnetopause when the IMF is directed northward (antiparallel to Saturn's magnetic field lines) is expected to give rise to pulsed twin-vortical flows in the magnetosphere and hence to bipolar field-aligned currents centered in the vortical flows closing in ionospheric Pedersen current. In the case of southward IMF and high-latitude lobe reconnection the model predicts that the vortical flows are displaced poleward of the open-closed field line boundary with reversed field-aligned currents compared with the former case. During January 2004, a unique campaign took place during which magnetic field and plasma instruments on board the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft measured the in situ solar wind and embedded interplanetary magnetic field while the Hubble Space Telescope simultaneously observed the far ultraviolet aurora in Saturn's southern hemisphere. The IMF was highly structured during this interval. The electric potential at Cassini is estimated from solar wind magnetic field and velocity measurements for the case of low-latitude or lobe reconnection. We show that a dayside FUV signature of intense electron precipitation is found poleward of or along the main oval during a period of minor compression period when the dayside reconnection voltage is estimated to be ∼30–100 kV. Overall, we find that the conceptual model of Bunce et al. (2005a) provides a good estimate of the UV brightness and power for the case of northward IMF but somewhat underestimates the power for the southward IMF case, except if the speed of the vortical flow is larger than its value in the nominal model.
Learning Taxonomy Adaptation in Large-scale Classification

In this paper, we study flat and hierarchical classification strategies in the context of large-scale taxonomies. Addressing the problem from a learning-theoretic point of view, we first propose a multi-class, hierarchical data dependent bound on the generalization error of classifiers deployed in large-scale taxonomies. This bound provides an explanation to several empirical results reported in the literature, related to the performance of flat and hierarchical classifiers. Based on this bound, we also propose a technique for modifying a given taxonomy through pruning, that leads to a lower value of the upper bound as compared to the original taxonomy. We then present another method for hierarchy pruning by studying approximation error of a family of classifiers, and derive from it features used in a meta-classifier to decide which nodes to prune. We finally illustrate the theoretical developments through several experiments conducted on two widely used taxonomies.
ABCA 7 p . G 215 S as potential protective factor for Alzheimer ’ s disease

C. Sassi, M.A. Nalls, P.G. Ridge, R. Gibbs, J. Ding, M.K. Lupton, C. Troakes, K. Lunnon, S. Al-Sarraj, K.S. Brown, C. Medway, N. Clement, J. Lord, J. Turton, J. Bras, M.R. Almeida, ARUK Consortium, H. Holstege, E. Louwersheimer, W. van der Flier, P. Scheltens, J.C. Van Swieten, I. Santana, C. Oliveira, K. Morgan, J.F. Powell, J.S. Kauwe, C. Cruchaga, A.M. Goate, A.B. Singleton, R. Guerreiro, J. Hardy
DA FEP USING INSTANCE STATICTICS TO DETERMINE THE LOOKAHEAD PARAMETER VALUE IN THE ATC DISPATCH RULE Making a good heuristic better

The Apparent Tardiness Cost (ATC) heuristic is one of the best performing dispatch rules for the weighted tardiness scheduling problem. This heuristic uses a lookahead parameter whose value must be specified. In this paper we develop a function that maps some instance statistics into an appropriate value for the lookahead parameter. This function is compared with some fixed values that have been previously used. The computational results show that the ATC heuristic performs better when the lookahead parameter value is determined by the proposed function.
Ten Things You Need to Know about Regulation and Never Wanted to Ask

Braithwaite, V. A. (Valerie A.), 1951- . Ten things you need to know about regulation and never wanted to ask. Bibliography. Includes index. ISBN 9780980330229. 1. Australian Taxation Office. 2. Tax collection - Australia. 3. Taxpayer compliance - Australia. I. Australian National University. Regulatory Institutions Network. II. Title. (Series : RegNet occasional paper ; 10). 352.440994
Running Head: ESTIMATING PIC IN HUMAN MOTOR NEURONS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 An evaluation of paired motor unit estimates of persistent inward current in human motor 9 neurons 10 11 12 Michael S. Vandenberk, Jayne M. Kalmar 13 14 15 16 Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University 17 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 18 19 20 Please address correspondence to: 21 22 Jayne M. Kalmar 23 Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education 24 Wilfrid Laurier University 25 75 University Avenue W, Bricker Academic, Room 501 26 Waterloo, ON, CA 27 jkalmar@wlu.ca 28 Phone: +1 (519) 884-0710 29 Fax: +1 (519) 747-4594 30 31 32 Michael Vandenberk: experimental design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of 33 results, writing of manuscript 34 35 Jayne Kalmar: conception and design of project, interpretation of results, edited and revised 36 manuscript 37 38 39 The authors declare no competing financial interests. 40 41 42 This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada 43 (NSERC Discovery Grant 386601 to J. Kalmar) 44 45 Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (February 12, 2014). doi:10.1152/jn.00469. 2013
FlyCam: practical panoramic video and automatic camera control

We describe computationally and materially inexpensive methods for panoramic video imaging. Digitally combining images from an array of inexpensive video cameras results in a wide-field panoramic camera, from inexpensive off-the-shelf hardware. We present methods that both correct lens distortion and seamlessly merge images into a panoramic video image. Electronically selecting a region of this results in a rapidly steerable "virtual camera". Because the camera is fixed with respect to the background, simple motion analysis can be used to track objects and people of interest. We present methods of motion analysis and algorithms for automatic camera control that mimic the actions of a human operator, using inexpensive and widely available hardware.
A Theory of Social Interactions

This essay incorporates a general treatment of social interactions into the modern theory of consumer demand. Section 1 introduces the topic and explores some of the existing perspectives on social interactions and their importance in the basic structure of wants. In Section 2, various characteristics of different persons are assumed to affect the utility functions of some persons, and the behavioral implications are systematically explored. Section 3 develops further implications and applications in the context of analyzing intra-family relations, charitable behavior, merit goods and multi-persons interactions, and envy and hatred. The variety and significance of these applications is persuasive testimony not only to the importance of social interactions, but also to the feasibility of incorporating them into a rigorous analysis.
Dealing with conflict: Reducing goal ambivalence using the best-possible-self intervention

ABSTRACT One of the flagship exercises in positive psychology is the best-possible-self (BPS) intervention, which has been repeatedly shown to increase positive affect. Yet little is known about the intervention’s underlying psychological mechanisms. We propose that goal ambivalence and positive future expectations should operate as mediators because both variables might be affected by the BPS intervention and have been shown to promote positive affect. To investigate this issue, we randomized clusters of 188 psychology undergraduates to write about either their best possible future or their previous day. Participants reported goal ambivalence, positive future expectations, and positive affect before, immediately after, and 1 week after the intervention. Path analysis results indicated that the BPS intervention increased positive affect and decreased goal ambivalence up to 1 week later. Neither goal ambivalence nor positive future expectations mediated the effect of the BPS intervention on positive affect in the week after its implementation. Future studies should investigate how repeated administrations of the BPS intervention affect goal ambivalence over time and whether resulting lower levels of distress might explain the intervention’s effect on depressive symptoms.
Effects of the Deletion of Early Region 4 (E4) Open Reading Frame 1 (orf1), orf1-2, orf1-3 and orf1-4 on Virus-Host Cell Interaction, Transgene Expression, and Immunogenicity of Replicating Adenovirus HIV Vaccine Vectors

The global health burden engendered by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a sobering reminder of the pressing need for a preventative vaccine. In non-human primate models replicating adenovirus (Ad)-HIV/SIV recombinant vaccine vectors have been shown to stimulate potent immune responses culminating in protection against challenge exposures. Nonetheless, an increase in the transgene carrying capacity of these Ad vectors, currently limited to approximately 3000 base pairs, would greatly enhance their utility. Using a replicating, E3-deleted Ad type 5 host range mutant (Ad5 hr) encoding full-length single-chain HIVBaLgp120 linked to the D1 and D2 domains of rhesus macaque CD4 (rhFLSC) we systematically deleted the genes encoding early region 4 open reading frame 1 (E4orf1) through E4orf4. All the Ad-rhFLSC vectors produced similar levels of viral progeny. Cell cycle analysis of infected human and monkey cells revealed no differences in virus-host interaction. The parental and E4-deleted viruses expressed comparable levels of the transgene with kinetics similar to Ad late proteins. Similar levels of cellular immune responses and transgene-specific antibodies were elicited in vaccinated mice. However, differences in recognition of Ad proteins and induced antibody subtypes were observed, suggesting that the E4 gene products might modulate antibody responses by as yet unknown mechanisms. In short, we have improved the transgene carrying capacity by one thousand base pairs while preserving the replicability, levels of transgene expression, and immunogenicity critical to these vaccine vectors. This additional space allows for flexibility in vaccine design that could not be obtained with the current vector and as such should facilitate the goal of improving vaccine efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the effects of these E4 deletions on transgene expression and immunogenicity in a replicating Ad vector.
The Demand For Wet Fish in Great Britain

Conventional empirical demand systems normally take prices to be exogenous, and determine the quantities demanded. Although this is logical for the individual consumer, at the market level the aggregate quantity traded may be exogenously determined, while the price vector changes to ensure the markets clear. It is suggested that this alternative scenario is particularly attractive for foodstuffs, and especially for wet fish, the commodity under consideration. An empirical analysis of the demand for wet fish in the UK using both the direct and indirect Translog models suggest that in this market, quantities are determining prices rather than the other way round. Furthermore, the two models provide widely different estimates of consumer preferences. This would suggest that more attention should be paid to the direction of causality in markets when undertaking formal demand analysis.
RESIDUAL p PROPERTIES OF MAPPING CLASS GROUPS AND SURFACE GROUPS

Let M(Σ, P) be the mapping class group of a punctured oriented surface (E, P) (where P may be empty), and let T p (Σ, P) be the kernel of the action of M(Σ,P) on H 1 (Σ \ P,F p ). We prove that T p (Σ,P) is residually p. In particular, this shows that M(Σ,P) is virtually residually p. For a group G we denote by Ip(G) the kernel of the natural action of Out(G) on H 1 (G,F p ). In order to achieve our theorem, we prove that, under certain conditions (G is conjugacy p-separable and has Property A), the group Ip(G) is residually p. The fact that free groups and surface groups have Property A is due to Grossman. The fact that free groups are conjugacy p-separable is due to Lyndon and Schupp. The fact that surface groups are conjugacy p-separable is, from a technical point of view, the main result of the paper.
One-Class Training for Masquerade Detection

We extend prior research on masquerade detection using UNIX commands issued by users as the audit source. Previous studies using multi-class training requires gathering data from multiple users to train specific profiles of self and non-self for each user. Oneclass training uses data representative of only one user. We apply one-class Naive Bayes using both the multivariate Bernoulli model and the Multinomial model, and the one-class SVM algorithm. The result shows that oneclass training for this task works as well as multi-class training, with the great practical advantages of collecting much less data and more efficient training. One-class SVM using binary features performs best among the oneclass training algorithms.
Can the Wealth-to-Income Ratio be a Useful Predictor in Alternative Finance? Evidence from the Housing Risk Premium

Purpose – The purpose of this chapter is to assess the role of the wealth-to-income ratio in forecasting housing risk premium. Methodology/approach – To investigate this issue, the chapter uses the residuals of the trend relationship among asset wealth and labor income to predict future real housing returns. It shows that deviations of asset wealth from its cointegrating relationship with labor income, wy, track time-variation in expected housing returns. Findings – Using data for a set of industrialized countries, this chapter finds that if agents are hit by a shock that generates a fall in the wealth-to-income ratio, they will demand (i) a higher housing risk premium when housing assets are complements of financial assets and (ii) a lower housing risk premium when housing assets are substitutes of financial assets. Originality/value of chapter – The findings of this chapter are novel in the field of alternative finance and, in particular, durable (housing) finance. Indeed, they build on a representative agent's theoretical model to infer about the degree of substitution or complementarity between financial and housing assets, which, in turn, can be useful at developing investment strategies for hedging against the risk of unfavorable housing fluctuations. Additionally, they open a new research avenue for understanding the determinants of housing risk premium by linking the dynamics of asset wealth and labor income with the behavior of future housing returns.