Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrence of self‐harm & severity of personality disorder

Blasco-Fontecilla et al. (1) have illustrated the importance of making personality assessments in patients with self-harm and suicidal behaviour. Their study was retrospective but other prospective studies have shown the importance of personality assessment in predicting self-harm (2, 3). In our own study, severity of personality disturbance was not only an accurate predictor of future self-harm (Fig. 1) but was superior as a predictor than clinical measures such as depressive or anxiety symptoms or social dysfunction (3) and therefore supports the use of personality assessment in this context. Although Blasco-Fontecilla et al. recognise the limitations of a screening questionnaire to diagnose personality disorder the evidence that all forms of personality assessment yields similar results reinforces the use of fairly simple measures of personality assessment in such settings. In our own study, we used a very short interview lasting less than 15 min, The Quick Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS-Q)(4) but it is quite likely that an even shorter simple questionnaire such as SAPAS (5) may be equally appropriate here. As clinicians in all parts of medicine become more aware of personality status there is a strong reason why a few questions devoted to personality assessment should be part of every assessment of patients in emergency medical settings. It is also important to recognise that the dimensional representation of personality covers more than simple and complex personality disorders, but also personality difficulty (1). As can be seen from the numbers in Fig. 1, most people with recurrent self-harm have some personality disturbance (6), so it is clear we are not dealing with just an isolated minority of the population. The high prevalence of personality pathology indicates the value of making personality assessments. It is also worth noting that recognition of self-harm is not confined only to borderline personality disorder, which by definition includes suicidal ideation and self-harm and therefore might be expected to be the dominant personality disorder in this behaviour. The evidence that increasing severity of personality disturbance increases the risks of self-harm supports the diathesis model of personality disturbance (7) but it is also worth noting that those with borderline personality disorder tend to repeat self-harm within a shorter timescale than those with other personality disorders and may deserve special attention in terms of prevention (3).
Tracing Malicious Relays in Cooperative Wireless Communications

A cooperative communication system explores a new dimension of diversity in wireless communications to combat the unfriendly wireless environment. While this emerging technology is promising in improving communication quality, some security problems inherent to cooperative relay also arise. This paper investigates the security issues in cooperative communications under the context of multiple relay nodes using decode-and-forward strategy, where one of the relay nodes is adversarial and tries to corrupt the communications by sending garbled signals. We show that the conventional physical-layer signal detector will lead to a high error rate in signal detection in such a scenario, and the application-layer cryptography alone will not be able to distinguish the adversarial relay from legitimate ones. To trace and identify the adversarial relay, we propose a cross-layer tracing scheme that uses adaptive signal detection at the physical layer, coupled with pseudorandom tracing symbols at the application layer. Analytical results for tracing statistics as well as experimental simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracing scheme
Accuracy of Commercial and Reference Susceptibility Testing Methods for Detecting Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT We compared the results obtained with six commercial MIC test systems (Etest, MicroScan, Phoenix, Sensititre, Vitek Legacy, and Vitek 2 systems) and three reference methods (agar dilution, disk diffusion, and vancomycin [VA] agar screen [VScr]) with the results obtained by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution (BMD) reference method for the detection of VA-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). A total of 129 S. aureus isolates (VA MICs by previous BMD tests, ≤1 μg/ml [n = 60 strains], 2 μg/ml [n = 24], 4 μg/ml [n = 36], or 8 μg/ml [n = 9]) were selected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention strain collection. The results of BMD with Difco Mueller-Hinton broth were used as the standard for data analysis. Essential agreement (percent ±1 dilution) ranged from 98 to 100% for all methods except the method with the Vitek Legacy system, for which it was 90.6%. Of the six commercial MIC systems tested, the Sensititre, Vitek Legacy, and Vitek 2 systems tended to categorize VISA strains as susceptible (i.e., they undercalled resistance); the MicroScan and Phoenix systems and Etest tended to categorize susceptible strains as VISA; and the Vitek Legacy system tended to categorize VISA strains as resistant (i.e., it overcalled resistance). Disk diffusion categorized all VISA strains as susceptible. No susceptible strains (MICs ≤ 2 μg/ml) grew on the VScr, but all strains for which the VA MICs were 8 μg/ml grew on the VScr. Only 12 (33.3%) strains for which the VA MICs were 4 μg/ml grew on VScr. The differentiation of isolates for which the VA MICs were 2 or 4 μg/ml was difficult for most systems and methods, including the reference methods.
Knockdown of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) expression by PERV‐specific shRNA in transgenic pigs

Abstract: Background: Xenotransplantation using porcine cells, tissues or organs may be associated with the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs). More than 50 viral copies have been identified in the pig genome and three different subtypes of PERV were released from pig cells, two of them were able to infect human cells in vitro. RNA interference is a promising option to inhibit PERV transmission.
Effect of torrefaction on the properties of corn stalk to enhance solid fuel qualities.

This study presents the effects of torrefaction on the basic characteristics of corn stalks. Corn stalks were torrefied in a horizontal tubular reactor at temperatures ranging from 150 °C to 400 °C, for torrefaction periods varying from 0 min to 50 min. The torrefied corn stalk products were characterized in terms of their elemental composition, energy yield, ash content, and volatile fraction. The gaseous products were also analyzed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the samples was carried out in order to obtain the apparent activation energy for the torrefaction of corn stalks. The weight loss data according to the degradation temperature were analyzed using three different methods. The energy and mass yield were found to decrease with an increase in the temperature, whereas the higher heating value (HHV) increased. From this work, it was found that the compounds with oxygen were emitted at a temperature lower than that for hydrocarbon gases and the temperatures of 290–330 °C were the optimum torrefaction temperatures for corn stalks.
JavaGI: a language with generalized interfaces

Component-based software development in statically typed, object-oriented programming languages has proven successful in reducing development costs and raising software quality. However, this form of software development still poses many challenges and thus requires better support on the programming language level. The language JavaGI, a conservative extension of Java 1.5, offers generalized interfaces as an effective improvement. Generalized interfaces subsume retroactive and typeconditional interface implementations, binary methods, symmetric multiple dispatch, interfaces over families of types, and static interface methods. These features allow non-invasive and in-place object adaptation, thus enabling solutions to several software extension, adaptation, and integration problems with components in binary form. Further, they make certain coding patterns redundant and increase the expressiveness of the type system. The generalized interface mechanism offers a unifying conceptual view on these seemingly disparate concerns, for which previously unrelated extensions have been suggested. This dissertation introduces the language JavaGI by explaining its features and motivating its design. Technical contributions of the dissertation are the formalization of a core calculus for JavaGI and a proof of type soundness, determinacy of evaluation, and decidability of subtyping and typechecking. The formalization also includes a typeand behavior-preserving translation from a significant subset of the core calculus to a slightly extended version of Featherweight Java. Moreover, the dissertation explores two extensions of the type system, which both have undecidable subtyping relations but for which several decidable fragments exist. The undecidability result for one of the extensions sheds light on the decidability of subtyping in Scala and of subtyping with Java wildcards. On the practical side, the dissertation presents the implementation of a JavaGI compiler and an accompanying run-time system. The compiler is based on an industrial-strength Java compiler and offers mostly modular typechecking but fully modular code generation. It defers certain well-formedness checks until load time to allow for greater flexibility and to enable full support for dynamic loading. Benchmarks show that the code generated by the compiler offers good performance. Several case studies demonstrate the practical utility of the language and its implementation. The implementation also includes a JavaGI plugin for the Eclipse IDE.
The Stage-Based Development of Physically Active Leisure: A Recreational Golf Context

Abstract The current study tested the validity of the Psychological Continuum Model and its usefulness in understanding the progressive nature of participation in recreational golf. Attitudinal and behavioral characteristics that underpin each of the framework's four different stages of increased participation were examined. Surveys were collected from recreational golfers and non-golfers (N=1224) in southern Queensland Australia. A three-step staging procedure classified respondents into one of four stages: Awareness, Attraction, Attachment and Allegiance. MANOVA comparisons supported the distinct nature of progressive stages of participation and revealed consistent, positive links between each level's attitudinal and behavioral indicators. Evidence supports the framework's ability to distinguish distinct stages of physically active leisure and practical insights are offered on how recreation professionals can promote and maintain activity levels in adults.
α‐synuclein in the inner retina in parkinson disease

Behavioral, electrophysiological, and imaging data reveal impaired visual processing and altered retinal morphology in Parkinson disease. Are visual changes epiphenomena? We report the presence of misfolded α‐synuclein in the retina, not hitherto shown, in discrete retinal neurons within the inner retina. They demonstrate the histopathology that may underlie impaired vision and retinal remodeling in Parkinson disease. Furthermore, the histological localization of α‐synuclein gives clues to the nonsynaptic mode of α‐synuclein propagation. ANN NEUROL 2014;75:964–966
Exploiting the Potential of Concept Lattices for Information Retrieval with CREDO

The recent advances in Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) together with the major changes faced by modern Information Retrieval (IR) provide new unprecedented challenges and opportunities for FCA-based IR applications. The main advantage of FCA for IR is the possibility of creating a conceptual representation of a given docu- ment collection in the form of a document lattice, which may be used both to improve the retrieval of specific items and to drive the mining of the collection's contents. In this paper, we will examine the best features of FCA for solving IR tasks that could not be easily addressed by conventional systems, as well as the most critical aspects for building FCA-based IR applications. These observations have led to the development of CREDO, a system that allows the user to query Web documents and see retrieval results organized in a browsable concept lattice. This is the second major focus of the paper. We will show that CREDO is especially useful for quickly locating the docu- ments corresponding to the meaning of interest among those retrieved in response to an ambiguous query, or for mining the contents of the documents that reference a given entity. An on-line version of the system is available for testing at http://credo.fub. it.
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in chronic pain patients and the mitigating effects of gabapentin

Chronic pain patients receiving opioid drugs are at risk for opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), wherein opioid pain medication leads to a paradoxical pain state. OIH involves central sensitization of primary and secondary afferent neurons in the dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion, similar to neuropathic pain. Gabapentin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog anticonvulsant used to treat neuropathic pain, has been shown in animal models to reduce fentanyl hyperalgesia without compromising analgesic effect. Chronic pain patients have also exhibited lower opioid consumption and improved pain response when given gabapentin. However, few human studies investigating gabapentin use in OIH have been performed in recent years. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms that underlie OIH and provide a critical overview of interventional therapeutic strategies, especially the clinically-successful drug gabapentin, which may reduce OIH.
Transcriptome and proteome profiling of colon mucosa from quercetin fed F344 rats point to tumor preventive mechanisms, increased mitochondrial fatty acid degradation and decreased glycolysis

Quercetin has been shown to act as an anticarcinogen in experimental colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to characterize transcriptome and proteome changes occurring in the distal colon mucosa of rats supplemented with 10 g quercetin/kg diet for 11 wk. Transcriptome data analyzed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that quercetin significantly downregulated the potentially oncogenic mitogen‐activated protein kinase (Mapk) pathway. In addition, quercetin enhanced expression of tumor suppressor genes, including Pten, Tp53, and Msh2, and of cell cycle inhibitors, including Mutyh. Furthermore, dietary quercetin enhanced genes involved in phase I and II metabolism, including Fmo5, Ephx1, Ephx2, and Gpx2. Quercetin increased PPARα target genes, and concomitantly enhanced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) degradation. Proteomics performed in the same samples revealed 33 affected proteins, of which four glycolysis enzymes and three heat shock proteins were decreased. A proteome‐transcriptome comparison showed a low correlation, but both pointed out toward altered energy metabolism. In conclusion, transcriptomics combined with proteomics showed that dietary quercetin evoked changes contrary to those found in colorectal carcinogenesis. These tumor‐protective mechanisms were associated with a shift in energy production pathways, pointing at decreased cytoplasmic glycolysis and toward increased mitochondrial FA degradation.
THE ORGANISATIONAL NATURE OF UNION CAREERS

ABSTRACT The equality agenda has gained a much higher visibility in the UK and in France. Most unions have adopted specific measures to improve women's representation in their structures. However, even in highly feminised unions, women remain under-represented in union leadership positions. To understand the gap between the presence of women in the lay membership/activist population and their slow disappearance at the higher levels of the union hierarchy, this study is focused on the role of organizational contexts. We argue that to understand the feminisation of union leadership, we need to consider the characteristics of ‘internal union labour markets’: ports of entry, typical/atypical career routes, norms of job evaluation, internal job segregation and hierarchy, human resources management and gender-equality policies. To fully grasp the influence of contexts on the process of feminisation, specific attention to the evolution of the repertoires of action by unions is also useful.
The Spanish Synthetic Future as a Means of Expression of Inference

The present paper analyses the inferential use of the Spanish synthetic future form, i.e. examples in which the future is used as an inferential marker. The examples are retrieved from the search engine GlossaNet, more precisely, from the Spanish daily newspapers El País and El Mundo. This study does not aim to be a quantitative one. It is a qualitative study where the data are used to verify/refute the theoretical basis. It is, for example, not my intention to show in how many cases of a certain total amount of uses the Spanish synthetic future form is used to express inference. It is argued that the label “inferential future” (instead of “epistemic future”) should be preferred. Additionally, the synthetic future is shown to convey inferences of different strengths: será + sin duda (“it will/ must be + without a doubt”), for instance, represents a stronger inference, while with será + probablemente (“it will/must be + probably”) a weaker inference is expressed.
Resiliency in the Aftermath of Deprivation: A Second Look at the Development of Romanian Orphanage Children.

Cognitive development was evaluated in children who had spent at least 8 months in a Romanian orphanage (RO) and two comparison groups of children: a Canadian-Born nonadopted never institutionalized comparison group (CB) and an Early Adopted comparison group adopted from Romania before the age of 4 months (EA). Children was assessed on the Standard-Binet Intelligence Scale 4th Edition (Thorndike Hagen & Sattler 1986) and the quality of the home environment was evaluated using Caldwell and Bradleys (1984) Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). RO children scored lower than CB children on all cognitive measures and on most measures RO children scored lower than EA children. RO childrens developmental status was positively related to HOME scores and negatively related to time in institution. (authors)
Cue Phrase Selection in Instruction Dialogue Using Machine Learning

The purpose of this paper is to identify e ective factors for selecting discourse organization cue phrases in instruction dialogue that signal changes in discourse structure such as topic shifts and attentional state changes. By using a machine learning technique, a variety of features concerning discourse structure, task structure, and dialogue context are examined in terms of their e ectiveness and the best set of learning features is identi ed. Our result reveals that, in addition to discourse structure, already identi ed in previous studies, task structure and dialogue context play an important role. Moreover, an evaluation using a large dialogue corpus shows the utility of applying machine learning techniques to cue phrase selection.
In Vivo Functional Requirement of the Mouse Ifitm1 Gene for Germ Cell Development, Interferon Mediated Immune Response and Somitogenesis

The mammalian Interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm1) gene was originally identified as a member of a gene family highly inducible by type I and type II interferons. Based on expression analyses, it was suggested to be required for normal primordial germ cell migration. The knockdown of Ifitm1 in mouse embryos provided evidence for a role in somitogenesis. We generated the first targeted knockin allele of the Ifitm1 gene to systematically reassess all inferred functions. Sperm motility and the fertility of male and female mutant mice are as in wild type littermates. Embryonic somites and the adult vertebral column appear normal in homozygous Ifitm1 knockout mice, demonstrating that Ifitm1 is not essential for normal segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm. Proportions of leucocyte subsets, including granulocytes, monocytes, B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, and NKT-cells, are unchanged in mutant mice. Based on a normal immune response to Listeria monocytogenes infection, there is no evidence for a dysfunction in downstream IFNγ signaling in Ifitm1 mutant mice. Expression from the Ifitm1 locus from E8.5 to E14.5 is highly dynamic. In contrast, in adult mice, Ifitm1 expression is highly restricted and strong in the bronchial epithelium. Intriguingly, IFITM1 is highly overexpressed in tumor epithelia cells of human squamous cell carcinomas and in adenocarcinomas of NSCLC patients. These analyses underline the general importance of targeted in vivo studies for the functional annotation of the mammalian genome. The first comprehensive description of the Ifitm1 expression pattern provides a rational basis for the further examination of Ifitm1 gene functions. Based on our data, the fact that IFITM1 can function as a negative regulator of cell proliferation, and because the gene maps to chromosome band 11p15.5, previously associated with NSCLC, it is likely that IFITM1 in man has a key role in tumor formation.
Revisiting the Potential of Alternating Repetition Time Balanced Steady-State Free Precession Imaging of the Abdomen at 3 T

ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the value of optimized 3-dimensional alternating repetition time balanced steady-state free precession (ATR-SSFP), as an alternative to conventional segmented balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) with fat suppression prepulse (FS-bSSFP), in single breath-hold abdominal magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. MethodsBloch simulations were performed to determine the optimal flip angle (FA = 1–90 degrees) and &tgr; (1–3) with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between abdominal organs for ATR-SSFP. These were corroborated by phantom measurements for different T1/T2 values (5–47) as well as in a healthy volunteer. In addition, fat suppression efficiency was studied using phantom and volunteer measurements. The effect of resolution on image quality was studied in a healthy volunteer. Using the optimal settings, ATR-SSFP images as well as FS-bSSFP images were obtained in 15 pancreatic cancer patients. For 10 structures of interest, the signal ratio with respect to the pancreas was computed and compared between both sequences. Finally, 10 items on image quality (fat suppression, artifacts, and sharpness) and tissue conspicuity (ducts, vessels, and duodenum) were scored by 2 abdominal radiologists for both image sequences. ResultsThe results of simulations, phantom measurements, and volunteer measurements showed that, considering scan time, fat suppression, and clinical relevance, the ideal settings for ATR-SSFP were as follows: &tgr; = 3; TR1 = 3.46 milliseconds; radiofrequency phase cycling 0, 180, 180, 0 degrees; and FA = 13–16 degrees (highest SNR) and 24–26 degrees (highest CNR). The optimized feasible additional settings implemented for patient scans were FA = 18 degrees and resolution = 1.4 × 1.4 × 1.4 mm3. In patients, the signal ratios of both ATR-SSFP and FS-bSSFP were comparable and had a T2-like contrast behavior, although more accentuated in ATR-SSFP. The ATR-SSFP scored significantly higher than FS-bSSFP for 9 of 10 items scored. ConclusionsFor single breath-hold abdominal imaging at 3 T, ATR-SSFP performs best with &tgr; = 3 and an FA between 13 degrees (highest SNR) and 26 degrees (highest CNR). The scoring of both abdominal radiologists indicated that, at &tgr; = 3, FA = 18 degrees, and 1.4 × 1.4 × 1.4 mm3 resolution, ATR-SSFP was preferred over conventional FS-bSSFP with similar settings.