Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basic number processing in children with specific learning disorders: Comorbidity of reading and mathematics disorders

As well as being the hallmark of mathematics disorders, deficits in number processing have also been reported for individuals with reading disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate separately the components of numerical processing affected in reading and mathematical disorders within the framework of the Triple Code Model. Children with reading disorders (RD), mathematics disorders (MD), comorbid deficits (RD + MD), and typically developing children (TD) were tested on verbal, visual-verbal, and nonverbal number tasks. As expected, children with MD were impaired across a broad range of numerical tasks. In contrast, children with RD were impaired in (visual-)verbal number tasks but showed age-appropriate performance in nonverbal number skills, suggesting their impairments were domain specific and related to their reading difficulties. The comorbid group showed an additive profile of the impairments of the two single-deficit groups. Performance in speeded verbal number tasks was related to rapid automatized naming, a measure of visual-verbal access in the RD but not in the MD group. The results indicate that deficits in number skills are due to different underlying cognitive deficits in children with RD compared to children with MD: a phonological deficit in RD and a deficit in processing numerosities in MD.
The dilemma of controlling cultural eutrophication of lakes

The management of eutrophication has been impeded by reliance on short-term experimental additions of nutrients to bottles and mesocosms. These measures of proximate nutrient limitation fail to account for the gradual changes in biogeochemical nutrient cycles and nutrient fluxes from sediments, and succession of communities that are important components of whole-ecosystem responses. Erroneous assumptions about ecosystem processes and lack of accounting for hysteresis during lake recovery have further confused management of eutrophication. I conclude that long-term, whole-ecosystem experiments and case histories of lake recovery provide the only reliable evidence for policies to reduce eutrophication. The only method that has had proven success in reducing the eutrophication of lakes is reducing input of phosphorus. There are no case histories or long-term ecosystem-scale experiments to support recent claims that to reduce eutrophication of lakes, nitrogen must be controlled instead of or in addition to phosphorus. Before expensive policies to reduce nitrogen input are implemented, they require ecosystem-scale verification. The recent claim that the ‘phosphorus paradigm’ for recovering lakes from eutrophication has been ‘eroded’ has no basis. Instead, the case for phosphorus control has been strengthened by numerous case histories and large-scale experiments spanning several decades.
Binding between heparin and the integrin VLA-4

Summary Heparin possesses antimetastatic effects that were related to various molecular mechanisms beyond anticoagulant activities. The ability of heparin to interfere with the function of adhesion receptors in the metastatic course appears as a promising therapeutic approach. This refers to numerous findings that heparin attenuates metastasis in a selectin-dependent manner. We recently demonstrated that heparin interferes with the integrin VLA-4 on murine melanoma cells binding to VCAM-1. To confirm this activity and to obtain further insight into molecular recognition of heparin by VLA-4, we investigated the inhibition of VLA-4 mediated binding of human melanoma MV3 cells to immobilized VCAM-1 by different heparins. The size of heparin has an important impact on inhibition. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and tinzaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) representing a mean of about 18– 20 monomers, displayed high inhibitory activity. Fractionating tinzaparin to 14– 18 monomers reduced inhibition slightly, while the pentasaccharide fondaparinux was without effects. To confirm molecular recognition of tinzaparin by VLA-4,a surface acoustic wave-biosensor was applied. A VLA-4 containing membrane preparation of MV3 cells was immobilised at the sensors to allow for detection of kinetic binding constants of tinzaparin compared to VCAM-1. Tinzaparin binds to VLA-4 with affinity in the low micromolar range (4.61× 10−6 M), which clearly indicates specific molecular recognition. Furthermore, tinzaparin displays a nearly identical koff compared toVCAM-1 (5.13× 10−3 s-1 versus 3.44× 10–3 s-1) which is evident for interference with the ligand binding. The data provide evidence for a direct confirmation of heparin binding to VLA-4 and thus, contribute to understand the antimetastatic activity of heparin.
Mesalamine-Induced Myocarditis and Coronary Vasculitis in a Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Patient: A Case Report

Mesalamine-containing products are often a first-line treatment for ulcerative colitis. Severe adverse reactions to these products, including cardiovascular toxicity, are rarely seen in pediatric patients. We present a case of a 16-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis treated with Asacol, a mesalamine-containing product, who developed sudden onset chest pain after four weeks on therapy. Serial electrocardiograms showed nonspecific ST segment changes, an echocardiogram showed mildly decreased left ventricular systolic function with mild to moderate left ventricular dilation and coronary ectasia, and his troponins were elevated. Following Asacol discontinuation, his chest pain resolved, troponins were trending towards normal, left ventricular systolic function normalized, and coronary ectasia improved within 24 hours suggesting an Asacol-associated severe drug reaction. Mesalamine-induced cardiovascular toxicity, although rare, may represent a life-threatening disorder. Therefore, every patient presenting with acute chest pain should receive a workup to rule out this rare drug-induced disorder.
Overview of Spirit Microscopic Imager Results

This paper provides an overview of Mars Exploration Rover Spirit Microscopic Imager (MI) operations and the calibration, processing, and analysis of MI data. The focus of this overview is on the last five Earth years (2005–2010) of Spirit's mission in Gusev crater, supplementing the previous overview of the first 450 sols of the Spirit MI investigation. Updates to radiometric calibration using in‐flight data and improvements in high‐level processing are summarized. Released data products are described, and a table of MI observations, including target/feature names and associated data sets, is appended. The MI observed natural and disturbed exposures of rocks and soils as well as magnets and other rover hardware. These hand‐lens‐scale observations have provided key constraints on interpretations of the formation and geologic history of features, rocks, and soils examined by Spirit. MI images complement observations by other Spirit instruments, and together show that impact and volcanic processes have dominated the origin and evolution of the rocks in Gusev crater, with aqueous activity indicated by the presence of silica‐rich rocks and sulfate‐rich soils. The textures of some of the silica‐rich rocks are similar to terrestrial hot spring deposits, and observations of subsurface cemented layers indicate recent aqueous mobilization of sulfates in places. Wind action has recently modified soils and abraded many of the rocks imaged by the MI, as observed at other Mars landing sites.
Programmed Death 1 Regulates Memory Phenotype CD4 T Cell Accumulation, Inhibits Expansion of the Effector Memory Phenotype Subset and Modulates Production of Effector Cytokines

Memory phenotype CD4 T cells are found in normal mice and arise through response to environmental antigens or homeostatic mechanisms. The factors that regulate the homeostasis of memory phenotype CD4 cells are not clear. In the present study we demonstrate that there is a marked accumulation of memory phenotype CD4 cells, specifically of the effector memory (TEM) phenotype, in lymphoid organs and tissues of mice deficient for the negative co-stimulatory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). This can be correlated with decreased apoptosis but not with enhanced homeostatic turnover potential of these cells. PD-1 ablation increased the frequency of memory phenotype CD4 IFN-γ producers but decreased the respective frequency of IL-17A-producing cells. In particular, IFN-γ producers were more abundant but IL-17A producing cells were more scarce among PD-1 KO TEM-phenotype cells relative to WT. Transfer of peripheral naïve CD4 T cells suggested that accumulated PD-1 KO TEM-phenotype cells are of peripheral and not of thymic origin. This accumulation effect was mediated by CD4 cell-intrinsic mechanisms as shown by mixed bone marrow chimera experiments. Naïve PD-1 KO CD4 T cells gave rise to higher numbers of TEM-phenotype lymphopenia-induced proliferation memory cells. In conclusion, we provide evidence that PD-1 has an important role in determining the composition and functional aspects of memory phenotype CD4 T cell pool.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.net Septic Shock

Pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock continue to be significant causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. The following review will highlight some of the controversies surrounding the consensus definitions. It will chronicle recent clinical and translational research, focusing on pediatric sepsis-specific challenges investigators face. It will also address the pathophysiology of severe sepsis and septic shock, including up-to-date therapeutic recommendations.
Exposure and Risk Assessment of Selected Chemical Hazards in Cabbage and Lettuce

The objective of this study was to determine health risks associated with consumption of cabbage and lettuce sampled in an urban industrialized study area. Samples were initially digested in Teflon vessels using HNO3 and H2O2, homogenized in Na2SO4, agitated in a mixture of hexane/acetone, cleaned-up and analyzed in ICP MS in order to quantify toxic heavy metals. The PAH content was also quantified in GC-MS against reference PAH congeners. Food frequency questionnaire designed based on the US EPA format, was used to collect elements of chronic daily intake and information on consumption characteristics of the selected samples. The data was processed in Palisade@Risk-based Microsoft Excel, where distributions were fitted for the elements of chronic daily intake. Exposure quantifications of hazards based on the US EPA guidelines, presented hazard quotients and risks, relative to the respective reference doses and cancer slopes factors (CSF). Incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILTCR) were determined as the product of the CSF of the carcinogens and their chronic exposures. The modal and median mercury exposures were low but the exposures of total PAHs (expressed as benzo[a]pyrene -BaP) were extremely high. The hazard quotients revealed that cadmium and mercury had negligible risks (HQ ≤ 1). Though the median and modal ILTCR showed lead to have low health risk concerns (≤ 10-6), the uncertainty ranging from 0 to 3 out-10-thousand consumers revealed insidous risk unacceptability. Similarly, even though the modal and median values of ILTCR of arsenic appeared acceptable (≤ 10-6), the risk uncertainty ranging from 0 to 6 out-1-thousand consumers, still raise health concerns. The median and modal ILTCR values of BaP suggested both a cautiously acceptable risk (≥ 10-6 ≤ 10-4) and a barely negligible risk (≤ 10-6) levels respectively. Thus, every effort must be made to mitigate the seriously high risks lurking in the study area.
Automatic Text Summarization

This work proposes an approach to address automatic text summarization. This approach is a trainable summarizer, which takes into account several features, including sentence position, positive keyword, negative keyword, sentence centrality, sentence resemblance to the title, sentence inclusion of name entity, sentence inclusion of numerical data, sentence relative length, Bushy path of the sentence and aggregated similarity for each sentence to generate summaries. First we investigate the effect of each sentence feature on the summarization task. Then we use all features score function to train genetic algorithm (GA) and mathematical regression (MR) models to obtain a suitable combination of feature weights. The proposed approach performance is measured at several compression rates on a data corpus composed of 100 English religious articles. The results of the proposed approach are promising.
The impact of parametrized convection on cloud feedback

We investigate the sensitivity of cloud feedbacks to the use of convective parametrizations by repeating the CMIP5/CFMIP-2 AMIP/AMIP + 4K uniform sea surface temperature perturbation experiments with 10 climate models which have had their convective parametrizations turned off. Previous studies have suggested that differences between parametrized convection schemes are a leading source of inter-model spread in cloud feedbacks. We find however that ‘ConvOff’ models with convection switched off have a similar overall range of cloud feedbacks compared with the standard configurations. Furthermore, applying a simple bias correction method to allow for differences in present-day global cloud radiative effects substantially reduces the differences between the cloud feedbacks with and without parametrized convection in the individual models. We conclude that, while parametrized convection influences the strength of the cloud feedbacks substantially in some models, other processes must also contribute substantially to the overall inter-model spread. The positive shortwave cloud feedbacks seen in the models in subtropical regimes associated with shallow clouds are still present in the ConvOff experiments. Inter-model spread in shortwave cloud feedback increases slightly in regimes associated with trade cumulus in the ConvOff experiments but is quite similar in the most stable subtropical regimes associated with stratocumulus clouds. Inter-model spread in longwave cloud feedbacks in strongly precipitating regions of the tropics is substantially reduced in the ConvOff experiments however, indicating a considerable local contribution from differences in the details of convective parametrizations. In both standard and ConvOff experiments, models with less mid-level cloud and less moist static energy near the top of the boundary layer tend to have more positive tropical cloud feedbacks. The role of non-convective processes in contributing to inter-model spread in cloud feedback is discussed.
Clinical Use of an Enterprise Data Warehouse

The enormous amount of data being collected by electronic medical records (EMR) has found additional value when integrated and stored in data warehouses. The enterprise data warehouse (EDW) allows all data from an organization with numerous inpatient and outpatient facilities to be integrated and analyzed. We have found the EDW at Intermountain Healthcare to not only be an essential tool for management and strategic decision making, but also for patient specific clinical decision support. This paper presents the structure and two case studies of a framework that has provided us the ability to create a number of decision support applications that are dependent on the integration of previous enterprise-wide data in addition to a patient's current information in the EMR.
40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of the Malyy (Little) Murun Massif, Aldan Shield of the Siberian Craton: A Simple Story for an Intricate Igneous Complex

The Malyy (Little) Murun massif of the Aldan Shield of the Siberian Craton has long been a kind of Siberian Mecca for geologists. It has attracted thousands of geologists, prospectors, and mineral collectors despite its remote location. It is famous for a dozen new and rare minerals, including the gemstones charoite and dianite (the latter is the market name for strontian potassicrichrerite), as well as for a range of uncommon alkaline igneous rocks. Despite this, the age of the Malyy Murun igneous complex and associated metasomatic and hydrothermal mineral associations has remained poorly constrained until now. In this paper, we provide extensive 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data to reveal its age and temporal history. It appears that, although unique in terms of rocks and constituent minerals, the Malyy Murun is just one of multiple alkaline massifs and lavas emplaced in the Early Cretaceous (~137–128 Ma) within a framework of the extensional setting of the Aldan Shield and nearby Transbaikalian region. The extension took place 40–60 million years after the supposed closure of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean and orogenic peak in the Early–Middle Jurassic.
A Geometric Approach to Matrix Ordering

We present a recursive way to partition hypergraphs which creates and exploits hypergraph geometry and is suitable for many-core parallel architectures. Such partitionings are then used to bring sparse matrices in a recursive Bordered Block Diagonal form (for processor-oblivious parallel LU decomposition) or recursive Separated Block Diagonal form (for cache-oblivious sparse matrix-vector multiplication). We show that the quality of the obtained partitionings and orderings is competitive by comparing obtained fill-in for LU decomposition with SuperLU (with better results for 8 of the 28 test matrices) and comparing cut sizes for sparse matrix-vector multiplication with Mondriaan (with better results for 4 of the 12 test matrices). The main advantage of the new method is its speed: it is on average 21.6 times faster than Mondriaan.
Leflunomide treatment for polyomavirus BK‐associated nephropathy after kidney transplantation

Polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy (PVAN) affects 1–10% of kidney‐transplant (KT) patients, with graft failure/loss in approximately 90% of cases. Reducing immunosuppression is the key treatment option, but addition of leflunomide may improve BK Virus (BKV) clearance and graft survival. In a prospective open‐labeled study, 12 KT patients with biopsy‐proven PVAN were treated with reduced immunosuppression and leflunomide. BKV viremia and graft function were followed. PVAN was diagnosed at 6 months (3–192) post‐transplant; median serum creatinine concentration (sCC) was 189 μmol/l (92–265). After 16 months (8–30) of follow‐up, the sCC was 150 μmol/l (90–378, NS). Renal function improved in six cases (50%), remained stable in two (16.6%) and deteriorated in four (33.4%), with graft loss in two (17%). Clearance of BKV viremia was observed in five (42%) cases. Side effects included anemia in six cases leading to leflunomide withdrawal in two patients, and mild thrombocytopenia. In KT patients diagnosed with PVAN, leflunomide plus reduced immunosuppression improved graft function in 66.6%, cleared BKV viremia in 42%, and resulted in side effects in 17%. This limited efficacy contrasts with other reports and falls short of expectation. We conclude that active screening, earlier diagnosis and intervention remain the cornerstones of treatment.
An actively retrotransposing, novel subfamily of mouse L1 elements

Retrotransposition of LINEs and other retroelements increases repetition in mammalian genomes and can cause deleterious mutations. Recent insertions of two full‐length L1s, L1spa and L1Orl, caused the disease phenotypes of the spastic and Orleans reeler mice respectively. Here we show that these two recently retrotransposed L1s are nearly identical in sequence, have two open reading frames and belong to a novel subfamily related to the ancient F subfamily. We have named this new subfamily TF (for transposable) and show that many full‐length members of this family are present in the mouse genome. The TF 5′ untranslated region has promoter activity, and TF‐type RNA is abundant in cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles, which are likely intermediates in retrotransposition. Both L1spa and L1Orl have reverse transcriptase activity in a yeast‐based assay and retrotranspose at high frequency in cultured cells. Together, our data indicate that the TF subfamily of L1s contains a major class of mobile elements that is expanding in the mouse genome.
The Haploinsufficient Col3a1 Mouse as a Model for Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the α-1 chain of type III collagen (COL3A1) and manifesting as tissue fragility with spontaneous rupture of the bowel, gravid uterus, or large or medium arteries. The heterozygous Col3a1 knockout mouse was investigated as a model for this disease. The collagen content in the abdominal aorta of heterozygotes was reduced, and functional testing revealed diminishing wall strength of the aorta in these mice. Colons were grossly and histologically normal, but reduced strength and increased compliance of the wall were found in heterozygotes via pressure testing. Although mice demonstrated no life-threatening clinical signs or gross lesions of vascular subtype Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, thorough histological examination of the aorta of heterozygous mice revealed the presence of a spectrum of lesions similar to those observed in human patients. Lesions increased in number and severity with age (0/5 [0%] in 2-month-old males vs 9/9 [100%] in 14-month-old males, P < .05) and were more common in male than female mice (23/26 [88.5%] vs 14/30 [46.7%] in 9- to 21-month-old animals, P < .05). Haploinsufficiency for Col3a1 in mice recapitulates features of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in humans and can be used as an experimental model.
Evaluating drugs after their approval for clinical use.

The most common therapeutic intervention in medicine is the writing of a prescription1. The proliferation of therapeutic alternatives and the growing recognition of the clinical and economic consequences of suboptimal pharmacotherapy2–4 have stimulated a variety of efforts to improve prescribing. These include physician-education programs,2,3 required drug-utilization review for patients covered by Medicaid,5 restrictive access policies (formularies, service limitations, requirements for prior approval, and substitution requirements),6 and direct federal regulation of the indications for using prescription drugs7. However, physicians, third-party payers, and regulators must face a fundamental but rarely asked question: Are there adequate data to guide .
Mechanical Control of Organ Size in the Development of the Drosophila Wing Disc

Control of cessation of growth in developing organs has recently been proposed to be influenced by mechanical forces acting on the tissue due to its growth. In particular, it was proposed that stretching of the tissue leads to an increase in cell proliferation. Using the model system of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, we directly stretch the tissue finding a significant increase in cell proliferation, thus confirming this hypothesis. In addition, we characterize the growth over the entire growth period of the wing disc finding a correlation between the apical cell area and cell proliferation rate. PACS numbers: 87.19. lx, 87.18. Nq, 87.80. Ek, 87.17. Ee, 87.85. Xd
Combining Region-of-Interest Extraction and Image Enhancement for Nighttime Vehicle Detection

In nighttime images, vehicle detection is a challenging task because of low contrast and luminosity. In this article, the authors combine a novel region-of-interest (ROI) extraction approach that fuses vehicle light detection and object proposals together with a nighttime image enhancement approach based on improved multiscale retinex to extract accurate ROIs and enhance images for accurate nighttime vehicle detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed nighttime image enhancement method, score-level multifeature fusion, and the ROI extraction method are all effective for nighttime vehicle detection. But the proposed vehicle detection method demonstrates 93.34 percent detection rate and outperforms other models, detecting blurred and partly occluded vehicles, as well as vehicles in a variety of sizes, numbers, locations, and backgrounds.