Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in Medical Education and Practice Dovepress Mind the Gap between High School and University! a Field Qualitative Survey at the National University of Caaguazú (paraguay)

you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Abstract: Paraguay has eight public universities and 45 private universities. The National University of Caaguazú (Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú or UNCA), with its main campus located in Coronel Oviedo, is one of the most recently founded public universities, being established in 2007. The UNCA has launched a project aiming at exploring the potentiality of its educational system, as well as its gaps. In particular, the UNCA wants to assess the effectiveness of preparatory courses for preparing students for admission to the degree course in medicine (Cursos Probatorios de Ingreso or CPI), in order to identify the main strong and weak points of the system, the popularity and usefulness of CPI as perceived by the students, the students' and teachers' opinions regarding the limits of school, and their suggestions. This paper is based on a field survey and highlights the care that must be taken in order to develop conditions respectful of the wellbeing of those participating in the educational context.
Estimating the number of communities in networks by spectral methods

Community detection is a fundamental problem in network analysis with many methods available to estimate communities. Most of these methods assume that the number of communities is known, which is often not the case in practice. We propose a simple and very fast method for estimating the number of communities based on the spectral properties of certain graph operators, such as the non-backtracking matrix and the Bethe Hessian matrix. We show that the method performs well under several models and a wide range of parameters, and is guaranteed to be consistent under several asymptotic regimes. We compare the new method to several existing methods for estimating the number of communities and show that it is both more accurate and more computationally efficient.
An alternate and robust approach to calibration for the estimation of land surface model parameters based on remotely sensed observations

Atmospheric models include land surface parameterizations of heat and moisture fluxes. Most parameterizations derive from early models of layered soil and vegetation canopy that account for liquid, vapor and heat diffusion, radiation processes, and surface turbulence. The number of parameters in these models ranges roughly from 10 to 50. Some parameters are known to vary over a small range and/or not significantly impact predictions. Others are highly influential (e.g., Leaf Area Index), but are currently well estimated from satellite data. Many parameters, however, are highly influential, vary over a large dynamic range, cannot be estimated from satellite data, and cannot be readily upscaled from in‐situ measurements. For such parameters (e.g., maximum stomatal conductance and soil hydraulic conductivity), values are assigned based on look‐up tables sorted by land cover and soil texture. Here we present a method for estimating these parameters by minimizing a measure of nonstationarity of model‐predicted moisture state variable tendencies. This method has advantages over calibration: 1) it does not require flux data (e.g., evapotranspiration); and 2) the tendency terms are evaluated at the model grid and thus yield parameters that are effective for that scale. The method is demonstrated with the Noah Land Surface Model, using remotely‐sensed soil moisture, at a site in California. Preliminary results indicate that the method is robust and performs better than both: 1) calibration to soil moisture observations, which can lead to large, compensating errors in drainage and evaporation; and 2) minimizing the sum of squares of innovations of soil moisture updates.
Semigroups of I-type

Assume that $S$ is a semigroup generated by $\{x_1,. ,x_n\}$, and let $\Uscr$ be the multiplicative free commutative semigroup generated by $\{u_1,. ,u_n\}$. We say that $S$ is of \emph{$I$-typ}e if there is a bijection $v:\Uscr\r S$ such that for all $a\in\Uscr$, $\{v(u_1a),. v(u_na)\}=\{x_1v(a),. ,x_nv(a)\}$. This condition appeared naturally in the work on Sklyanin algebras by John Tate and the second author. In this paper we show that the condition for a semigroup to be of $I$-type is related to various other mathematical notions found in the literature. In particular we show that semigroups of $I$-type appear in the study of the settheoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, in the theory of Bieberbach groups and in the study of certain skew binomial polynomial rings which were introduced by the first author.
The Involvement of Occipital and Inferior Frontal Cortex in the Phonological Learning of Chinese Characters

Neural changes related to the learning of the pronunciation of Chinese characters in English speakers were examined using fMRI. We examined the item-specific learning effects for trained characters and the generalization of phonetic knowledge to novel transfer characters that shared a phonetic radical (part of a character that gives a clue to the whole character's pronunciation) with trained characters. Behavioral results showed that shared phonetic information improved performance for transfer characters. Neuroimaging results for trained characters over learning found increased activation in the right lingual gyrus, and greater activation enhancement in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann's area 44) was correlated with higher accuracy improvement. Moreover, greater activation for transfer characters in these two regions at the late stage of training was correlated with better knowledge of the phonetic radical in a delayed recall test. The current study suggests that the right lingual gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus are crucial for the learning of Chinese characters and the generalization of that knowledge to novel characters. Left inferior frontal gyrus is likely involved in phonological segmentation, whereas right lingual gyrus may subserve processing visual–orthographic information.
Structural Elucidation of α-Cyclodextrin-Succinic Acid Pseudo Dodecahydrate: Expanding the Packing Types of α-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

This paper reports a new packing type of α-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, obtained here with succinic acid under low-temperature crystallization conditions. The structure of the 1:1 complex is characterized by heavy disorder of the guest, the solvent, and part of the host. The crystal packing belongs to the known channel-type structure; the basic structural unit is composed of cyclodextrin trimers, as opposed to the known isolated molecular or dimeric constructs, packed along the c-axis. Each trimer is made of crystallographically independent molecules assembled in a stacked vase-like cluster. A multi-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of dynamic disorder.
Multidimensional cosmological models: Cosmological and astrophysical implications and constraints

We investigate four-dimensional effective theories which are obtained by dimensional reduction of multidimensional cosmological models with factorizable geometry and we consider the interaction between conformal excitations of the internal space (geometrical moduli excitations) and Abelian gauge fields. It is assumed that the internal space background can be stabilized by minima of an effective potential. The conformal excitations over such a background have the form of massive scalar fields (gravitational excitons) propagating in the external spacetime. We discuss cosmological and astrophysical implications of the interaction between gravexcitons and four-dimensional photons as well as constraints arising on multidimensional models of the type considered in our paper. In particular, we show that due to the experimental bounds on the variation of the fine-structure constant, gravexcitons should decay before nucleosynthesis starts. For a successful nucleosynthesis, the masses of the decaying gravexcitons should be $m\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{10}^{4}\mathrm{GeV}. $ Furthermore, we discuss the possible contribution of gravexcitons to ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. It is shown that, at energies $E\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{20}\mathrm{eV},$ the decay length of gravexcitons with masses $m\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{10}^{4}\mathrm{GeV}$ is very small, but that for $m\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{2}\mathrm{GeV}$ it becomes much larger than the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff distance. Finally, we investigate the possibility for gravexciton-photon oscillations in strong magnetic fields of astrophysical objects. The corresponding estimates indicate that even the high-magnetic-field strengths B of magnetars (special types of pulsars with $Bg{B}_{\mathrm{critical}}\ensuremath{\sim}4.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}\mathrm{G})$ are not sufficient for an efficient and copious production of gravexcitons.
Hydromagnetic Pulsating Flow of Blood in a Constricted Porous Channel: A Theoretical Study

A theoretical study of pulsatile blood flow through a constricted porous channel in the presence of an external magnetic field by considering the incompressible Newtonian fluid model is investigated. The influence of magnetic field on the flow is studied using the dimensionless magnetic parameter M and a Darcian linear impedance for low Reynolds number is taken into account in the transformed momentum equation. A perturbation method is employed to solve the governing differential equations by using a small perturbation parameter ϵ (such that 0 < ϵ << 1), which is incorporated in the time dependent transpiration velocity (suction/ injection). Using appropriate boundary conditions analytical expressions for the velocity distribution, volumetric flow rate and wall shear stress have been derived and the numerical results are presented graphically for different values of the physical parameters of interest. system depends upon the pumping action of the heart, which in turn produces a pulsatile pressure gradient throughout the system. (26) theoretically analyzed the pulsatile flow of blood in a stenosed artery, where the non-Newtonian behavior of blood was taken to be of Herschel-Bulkley type. Some excellent studies on pulsatile blood flow have made by (29). (30) studied the fluid dynamics of pulsatile flow past a single cylinder for a non-Newtonian Casson fluid. (10) carried out the pulsatile flow of blood in an artery by considering the effects of body acceleration. (23) modeled the blood flow through arterial stenosis by treating blood as a couple stress fluid. (22) proposed a mathematical model for pulsatile blood flow in a constricted tube using the Power-law fluid. The effect of externally imposed body acceleration and magnetic field on peristaltic flow of blood through an arterial segment having stenosis has been investigated by (25). Their studies pertains to a situation in which blood obeying micropolar fluid model, where the effect of heat transfer phenomena has been taken into account.
Efficacy of a Doxycycline Treatment Regimen Initiated during Three Different Phases of Experimental Ehrlichiosis

ABSTRACT Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a well-characterized disease and valuable model for tick-borne zoonoses. Conflicting reports of clearance of Ehrlichia canis after treatment with doxycycline suggested that the disease phase during which treatment is initiated influences outcomes of these treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 28-day doxycycline regimen for clearance of experimental E. canis infections from dogs treated during three phases of the disease. Ten dogs were inoculated with blood from E. canis carriers and treated with doxycycline during acute, subclinical, or chronic phases of CME. Daily rectal temperatures and semiweekly blood samples were monitored from each dog, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were acquisition fed on each dog for xenodiagnosis. Blood collected from dogs treated during acute or subclinical CME became PCR negative for E. canis as clinical parameters improved, but blood samples collected from dogs treated during chronic CME remained intermittently PCR positive. R. sanguineus ticks fed on dogs after doxycycline treatments became PCR positive for E. canis, regardless of when treatment was initiated. However, fewer ticks became PCR positive after feeding on two persistently infected dogs treated with doxycycline followed by rifampin, suggesting that antibiotic therapy can reduce tick acquisition of E. canis.
Achievement emotions and achievement goals in support of the convergent, divergent and criterion validity of the Spanish-Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale

Based on the control-value theory of achievement emotions and theory of achievement goals, this research provides evidence of convergent, divergent, and criterion validity of the Spanish Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale (S-CTAS). A sample of Argentinean undergraduates responded several scales administered at three points. At time 1 and 3, the sample informed their adoption of mastery and performance goals. At time 2, they responded to the S-CTAS and informed about their anxiety and shame in class, and their enjoyment, hopelessness, shame, and anxiety experienced in exam. Results demonstrated the convergent and divergent validity of the S-CTAS by correlating with other class and test emotions scales measuring outcome and activity-emotions. Furthermore, the findings verified the criterion validity of the S-CTAS by estimating the predictive influence of achievement goals on cognitive test anxiety and other emotions, and in turn the effects of cognitive test anxiety and these emotions on achievement goals.
Limited Trafficking of a Neurotropic Virus Through Inefficient Retrograde Axonal Transport and the Type I Interferon Response

Poliovirus is an enteric virus that rarely invades the human central nervous system (CNS). To identify barriers limiting poliovirus spread from the periphery to CNS, we monitored trafficking of 10 marked viruses. After oral inoculation of susceptible mice, poliovirus was present in peripheral neurons, including vagus and sciatic nerves. To model viral trafficking in peripheral neurons, we intramuscularly injected mice with poliovirus, which follows a muscle–sciatic nerve–spinal cord–brain route. Only 20% of the poliovirus population successfully moved from muscle to brain, and three barriers limiting viral trafficking were identified. First, using light-sensitive viruses, we found limited viral replication in peripheral neurons. Second, retrograde axonal transport of poliovirus in peripheral neurons was inefficient; however, the efficiency was increased upon muscle damage, which also increased the transport efficiency of a non-viral neural tracer, wheat germ agglutinin. Third, using susceptible interferon (IFN) α/β receptor knockout mice, we demonstrated that the IFN response limited viral movement from the periphery to the brain. Surprisingly, the retrograde axonal transport barrier was equivalent in strength to the IFN barrier. Illustrating the importance of barriers created by the IFN response and inefficient axonal transport, IFN α/β receptor knockout mice with muscle damage permitted 80% of the viral population to access the brain, and succumbed to disease three times faster than mice with intact barriers. These results suggest that multiple separate barriers limit poliovirus trafficking from peripheral neurons to the CNS, possibly explaining the rare incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis. This study identifies inefficient axonal transport as a substantial barrier to poliovirus trafficking in peripheral neurons, which may limit CNS access for other viruses.
Learning to Predict from Textual Data

Given a current news event, we tackle the problem of generating plausible predictions of future events it might cause. We present a new methodology for modeling and predicting such future news events using machine learning and data mining techniques. Our Pundit algorithm generalizes examples of causality pairs to infer a causality predictor. To obtain precisely labeled causality examples, we mine 150 years of news articles and apply semantic natural language modeling techniques to headlines containing certain predefined causality patterns. For generalization, the model uses a vast number of world knowledge ontologies. Empirical evaluation on real news articles shows that our Pundit algorithm performs as well as non-expert humans.
Cortical and Autonomic Patterns of Emotion Experiencing During a Recall Task

Emotions characterized by opposite valences (positive vs. negative) seem to lead to specific patterns of autonomic and cortical activity. For example, according to valence or approach-withdrawal hypotheses, specific emotions lead to an asymmetrical activation of left or right prefrontal cortex (PFC). The aim of the present study was to explore the psychophysiological underpinnings of emotion experiencing using a paradigm with higher ecological validity than is typically accomplished in neuroimaging research. A total of 28 healthy participants were instructed to recall personally-relevant situations from the past that caused positive (happiness) or negative (anger) emotions, during a 2 min silent preparatory phase and a subsequent 3 min verbal phase. A wearable electrocardiographic (ECG) recording system and a portable 2-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device were used to collect heart rate (HR), high frequencies of heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and the hemodynamic responses of prefrontal cortex during the entire procedure. Results showed that during both anger and happiness recall tasks, HR increased and high frequencies of HRV decreased with respect to the baseline. HR and HF-HRV reached, respectively, their highest and lowest points during the verbal phase of anger recall task. NIRS data evidenced a bilateral increase of oxyhemoglobin concentration changes during both anger and happiness recall tasks, which was highest during the verbal phases. However, no lateralization patterns were found. Overall, present results suggest that the experience of negative emotions, if compared with positive ones, is characterized by a combination of reduced parasympathetic activation and/or increased sympathetic activation. Thus, cardiological data provided partial support to autonomic specificity of emotions. However, the recall paradigm did not evidence an asymmetry of PFC activity during the experience of emotions with opposite valences, probably due to the high number of factors impacting prefrontal activity during a recall paradigm.
Social agency and football fandom: the cultural pedagogies of the Western Sydney ultras

Abstract This article addresses key questions of social agency and cultural pedagogy within the neoliberal structures of ‘modern football’ in the Australian context. It reports on a two-year ethnographic study of the Red and Black Bloc, an Australian ultras group in Western Sydney, one of the most culturally diverse areas in Australia. The origins of the Western Sydney ultras are described, along with their struggles to build their own cultural identity and to fight for social agency within a commodified football league. By combining a multifaceted theoretical model with a range of ethnographic data – including document analysis and in-depth interviews – this study reveals the processes by which the Western Sydney ultras enhance members’ social cohesion towards an increased social consciousness. The paper acknowledges the role that ultras, as authentic cultural formations, may have in the propagation of new cultural pedagogies that have the potential to enhance citizenship, communal life and participatory democracy.
High-Resolution Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging of the Quadruple Quasar RX J0911.4+0551

We report the detection of four images in the recently discovered lensed QSO RX J0911.4+0551. With a maximum angular separation of 3. ″1, it is the quadruply imaged QSO with the widest known angular separation. Raw and deconvolved data reveal an elongated lens galaxy. The observed reddening in at least two of the four QSO images suggests differential extinction by this lensing galaxy. We show that both an ellipticity of the galaxy (ϵmin=0.075) and an external shear (γmin=0.15) from a nearby mass have to be included in the lensing potential in order to reproduce the complex geometry observed in RX J0911.4+0551. A possible galaxy cluster is detected about 38'' from RX J0911.4+0551 and could contribute to the X-ray emission observed by ROSAT in this field. The color of these galaxies indicates a plausible redshift in the range of 0.6-0.8.
Database Benchmarks

Performance measurement tools are very important, both for designers and users of Database Management Systems (DBMSs). Performance evaluation is useful to designers to determine elements of architecture, and, more generally, to validate or refute hypotheses regarding the actual behavior of a DBMS. Thus, performance evaluation is an essential component in the development process of well-designed and efficient systems. Users may also employ performance evaluation, either to compare the efficiency of different technologies before selecting a DBMS, or to tune a system. Performance evaluation by experimentation on a real system is generally referred to as benchmarking. It consists of performing a series of tests on a given DBMS to estimate its performance in a given setting. Typically, a benchmark is constituted of two main elements: a database model (conceptual schema and extension), and a workload model (set of read and write operations) to apply on this database, following a predefined protocol. Most benchmarks also include a set of simple or composite performance metrics such as response time, throughput, number of input/output, disk or memory usage, and so forth. The aim of this article is to present an overview of the major families of state-of-the-art database benchmarks, namely, relational benchmarks, object and object-relational benchmarks, XML benchmarks, and decision-support benchmarks; and to discuss the issues, tradeoffs, and future trends in database benchmarking. We particularly focus on XML and decision-support benchmarks, which are currently the most innovative tools that are developed in this area.