Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of lavender essential oil on anxiety level in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial

Background: Open heart surgery can cause high levels of anxiety in patients. Nowadays, lavender essential oil is widely used in medical research. This study was conducted with an aim to investigate the effects of lavender essential oil to reduce the anxiety of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. Materials and Methods: This research is double-blinded randomized controlled trial on 60 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery in a 2-day intervention targeting reduction of anxiety. This study was conducted in Ekbatan Therapeutic and Educational Center, Hamadan city, Iran, in 2013. The patients in the inhalation aromatherapy group inhaled two drops of 2% lavender essential oil and those in the control group inhaled two drops of distilled water as placebo for 20 min on the 2nd and 3rd days after surgery. The level of anxiety was evaluated by Spielberger's State Anxiety questionnaire before and after intervention and the vital signs were documented as well. Data were analyzed using Stata 11 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA) by independent t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: The mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was 48.73 ± 5.08 and in the control group was 48 ± 6.98 before the intervention (P = 0.64), which reduced after the intervention to 42.6 ± 5.44 and 42.73 ± 7.30, respectively. On the 3rd day after surgery, the mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was 46.76 ± 4.07 and in the control group was 46.53 ± 7.05 before the intervention, which reduced to 41.33 ± 3.65 and 41.56 ± 6.18, respectively, after the intervention. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of anxiety between the aromatherapy and control groups. Conclusions: Lavender essential oil has no significant effect on anxiety in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery, although it decreased the level of anxiety in the patients.
Alleviation of Nitrogen and Sulfur Deficiency and Enhancement of Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by Overexpression of Uroporphyrinogen III Methyltransferase (UPM1)

Siroheme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole, is the prosthetic group of nitrite reductase (NiR) and sulfite reductase (SiR); it is synthesized from uroporphyrinogen III, an intermediate of chlorophyll biosynthesis, and is required for nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) assimilation. Further, uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase (UPM1), responsible for two methylation reactions to form dihydrosirohydrochlorin, diverts uroporphyrinogen III from the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway toward siroheme synthesis. AtUPM1 [At5g40850] was used to produce both sense and antisense plants of Arabidopsis thaliana in order to modulate siroheme biosynthesis. In our experiments, overexpression of AtUPM1 signaled higher NiR (NII) and SiR gene and gene product expression. Increased NII expression was found to regulate and enhance the transcript and protein abundance of nitrate reductase (NR). We suggest that elevated NiR, NR, and SiR expression must have contributed to the increased synthesis of S containing amino acids in AtUPM1overexpressors, observed in our studies. We note that due to higher N and S assimilation in these plants, total protein content had increased in these plants. Consequently, chlorophyll biosynthesis increased in these sense plants. Higher chlorophyll and protein content of plants upregulated photosynthetic electron transport and carbon assimilation in the sense plants. Further, we have observed increased plant biomass in these plants, and this must have been due to increased N, S, and C assimilation. On the other hand, in the antisense plants, the transcript abundance, and protein content of NiR, and SiR was shown to decrease, resulting in reduced total protein and chlorophyll content. This led to a decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rate, carbon assimilation and plant biomass in these antisense plants. Under nitrogen or sulfur starvation conditions, the overexpressors had higher protein content and photosynthetic electron transport rate than the wild type (WT). Conversely, the antisense plants had lower protein content and photosynthetic efficiency in N-deficient environment. Our results clearly demonstrate that upregulation of siroheme biosynthesis leads to increased nitrogen and sulfur assimilation, and this imparts tolerance to nitrogen and sulfur deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana plants.
Serial analyses of postmortem changes in human skeletal muscle: A case study of alterations in proteome profile, histology, electrolyte contents, water composition, and enzyme activity

Postmortem tissues are frequently used in forensic investigation, clinical studies, and biomedical research. It is well known that the shorter period from death to analyses provides the more accurate results. However, the longest postmortem interval that still provides the reliable data remains unclear. We performed serial analyses of postmortem changes in proteome profile, histology, electrolyte contents, water composition, and enzyme activity in human vastus lateralis muscle from a male cadaver (died from a motorcycle accident). This uninjured muscle was sectioned into several 1‐cm3 cubes and stored in individual closed tubes at 4 or 25°C for 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 or 48 h prior to proteomic, histological, chemical and biochemical analyses. At 4°C, the 2‐DE proteome profile remained unchanged until 24 h, when some poorly focused protein spots and significant decrease in the total number of visualized spots were observed. These changes were detectable earlier (12 h) in the samples stored at 25°C. Profound vacuolization and autolysis started at 24 and 6 h for the samples stored at 4ºC and 25°C, respectively. K and Mg contents began to increase at 12 and 48 h, respectively, for both temperatures. However, the increase in Na and Ca contents began at 24 h in the samples stored at 4°C, but started earlier (12 h) in those stored at 25°C. Water content started to decline at 48 and 24 h in the samples stored at 4 and 25°C, respectively. Muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity began to be out of range at 12 h for both temperatures. These findings demonstrate that storing the samples at 4°C could delay some of the aforementioned changes, which occurred more rapidly at 25°C. Our results also suggest that muscle proteome profile, histology, electrolyte contents, water composition, and enzyme activity should be analyzed within the optimal postmortem intervals, which vary among individual analyses, to obtain the most reliable data.
25-GAUGE SUTURELESS VITRECTOMY VERSUS 20-GAUGE VITRECTOMY FOR THE REPAIR OF PRIMARY RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT

Purpose: To compare the anatomic and visual results and complications of 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy versus conventional 20-gauge vitrectomy for the management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: A retrospective comparative analysis of 125 consecutive eyes from 125 patients with a minimum of 3 months follow-up was performed. All patients underwent primary vitrectomy with complete fluid air exchange, gas tamponade, and laser retinopexy. Excluded were eyes with prior retinal or vitreous surgery, and patients with inadequate follow-up. Sixty-four patients underwent 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and 61 patients underwent 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy from September 2004 to April 2007. Primary endpoints included one surgery retinal reattachment success rate, visual outcomes, postoperative intraocular pressures and complications as determined by standard clinical evaluation. Results: Baseline demographic and preoperative ocular characteristics showed no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts. The mean follow-up interval was 305.4 days for the 25-gauge group and 452.4 days for the 20-gauge group. The single operation success rate with one procedure was 58/64 (90.6%) for 25-gauge cases and 56/61 (91.8%) for 20-gauge cases, Fisher Exact Test (P = 0.801). All cases were attached at final follow-up and the anatomic success rate was 100% for each of the two cohorts. Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/125 and 20/169 for 25-gauge and 20-gauge cases, respectively (P > 0.5). The final follow-up mean BCVA was 20/34 and 20/36 for the 25-gauge and 20-gauge groups, respectively (P > 0.6). In the 25-gauge group two cases were complicated by hypotony that resolved uneventfully and one case developed postoperative choroidal and vitreous hemorrhage. In the 20-gauge group there was one case of sterile endophthalmitis and one case of vitreous hemorrhage. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and 20-gauge vitrectomy for the repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.
Hand-waving and interpretive dance: an introductory course on tensor networks

The curse of dimensionality associated with the Hilbert space of spin systems provides a significant obstruction to the study of condensed matter systems. Tensor networks have proven an important tool in attempting to overcome this difficulty in both the numerical and analytic regimes. These notes form the basis for a seven lecture course, introducing the basics of a range of common tensor networks and algorithms. In particular, we cover: introductory tensor network notation, applications to quantum information, basic properties of matrix product states, a classification of quantum phases using tensor networks, algorithms for finding matrix product states, basic properties of projected entangled pair states, and multiscale entanglement renormalisation ansatz states. The lectures are intended to be generally accessible, although the relevance of many of the examples may be lost on students without a background in many-body physics/quantum information. For each lecture, several problems are given, with worked solutions in an ancillary file.
Neuromolecular responses to social challenge: Common mechanisms across mouse, stickleback fish, and honey bee

Significance In some cases similar molecular programs (i.e., conserved genes and gene networks) underlie the expression of phenotypic traits that evolve repeatedly across diverse species. We investigated this possibility in the context of social behavioral response, using a comparative genomics approach for three distantly related species: house mouse (Mus musculus), stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and honey bee (Apis mellifera). An experience of territory intrusion modulated similar brain functional processes across species, including hormone-mediated signal transduction, neurodevelopment, chromosome organization, and energy metabolism. Several homologous transcription factors also responded consistently to territory intrusion, suggesting that shared neuronal effects may involve transcriptional cascades of evolutionarily conserved genes. These results indicate that conserved genetic “toolkits” are involved in independent evolutions of social behavior. Certain complex phenotypes appear repeatedly across diverse species due to processes of evolutionary conservation and convergence. In some contexts like developmental body patterning, there is increased appreciation that common molecular mechanisms underlie common phenotypes; these molecular mechanisms include highly conserved genes and networks that may be modified by lineage-specific mutations. However, the existence of deeply conserved mechanisms for social behaviors has not yet been demonstrated. We used a comparative genomics approach to determine whether shared neuromolecular mechanisms could underlie behavioral response to territory intrusion across species spanning a broad phylogenetic range: house mouse (Mus musculus), stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and honey bee (Apis mellifera). Territory intrusion modulated similar brain functional processes in each species, including those associated with hormone-mediated signal transduction and neurodevelopment. Changes in chromosome organization and energy metabolism appear to be core, conserved processes involved in the response to territory intrusion. We also found that several homologous transcription factors that are typically associated with neural development were modulated across all three species, suggesting that shared neuronal effects may involve transcriptional cascades of evolutionarily conserved genes. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses of a subset of these transcription factors in mouse again implicated modulation of energy metabolism in the behavioral response. These results provide support for conserved genetic “toolkits” that are used in independent evolutions of the response to social challenge in diverse taxa.
Mode of Delivery and Fecal Incontinence at Midlife: A Study of 2,640 Women in the Gazel Cohort

OBJECTIVE: To estimate obstetric risk factors of fecal incontinence among middle-aged women. METHODS: We conducted a mail survey of the Gazel cohort of volunteers for epidemiologic research. In 2000, a questionnaire on anal incontinence was mailed to 3,114 women who were then between the ages of 50 and 61 years; 2,640 (85%) women returned the completed questionnaire. Fecal incontinence was defined by involuntary loss of stool. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of obstetric and general risk factors. RESULTS: Prevalence of fecal incontinence in the past 12 months was 9.5% (250). Significant risk factors for fecal incontinence were completion of high school (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.0), self-reported depression (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6–2.7), overweight or obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.5 for BMI of 25–30, 95% CI 1.1–2.0; OR 1.6 for BMI more than 30, 95% CI 1.1–2.5), surgery for urinary incontinence (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.0–6.1), and anal surgery (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.9). No obstetric variable (parity, mode of delivery, birth weight, episiotomy, or third-degree perineal tear) was significant. Prevalence of fecal incontinence was similar for nulliparous, primiparous, secundiparous, and multiparous women (11.3%, 9.0%, 9.0%, and 10.4%, respectively), and among parous women, it was similar for women with spontaneous vaginal, instrumental (at least one), or only cesarean deliveries (9.3%, 10.0%, and 6.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION: In our population of women in their 50s, fecal incontinence was not associated with either parity or mode of delivery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
Strigolactones are common regulators in induction of stomatal closure in planta

ABSTRACT Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in many plant biological processes, including growth and development and the acclimation to environmental stress. We recently reported that SLs intrinsically acted as prominent regulators in induction of stomatal closure. Here we present evidence that the effect of SLs on stotamal closure is not limited to Arabidopsis, and thus SLs could serve as common regulators in the modulation of stomatal apertures of various plant species. Nevertheless, TIS108, a SL-biosynthetic inhibitor, exerted no effect on stomatal apertures. In addition, the SL receptor mutant atd14-5, similar to SL-deficient and more axillary growth 2 (max2) mutants, exhibited hypersensitivity to drought stress. Altogether, these results reinforce the role of SLs as common regulators in stress resilience.
TFP 5 , a Peptide Inhibitor of Aberrant and Hyperactive Cdk 5 / p 25 , Attenuates Pathological Phenotypes and Restores Synaptic Function in CKp 25 Tg Mice

It has been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), a critical neuronal kinase, is hyperactivated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may be, in part, responsible for the hallmark pathology of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). It has been proposed by several laboratories that hyperactive cdk5 results from the overexpression of p25 (a truncated fragment of p35, the normal cdk5 regulator), which, when complexed to cdk5, induces hyperactivity, hyperphosphorylated tau/NFTs, amyloidplaques, and neuronal death. It has previously been shown that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of a modified truncated 24-aa peptide (TFP5), derived from the cdk5 activator p35, penetrated the blood-brain barrier and significantly rescued AD-like pathology in 5XFAD model mice. The principal pathology in the 5XFAD mutant, however, is extensive amyloid plaques; hence, as a proof of concept, we believe it is essential to demonstrate the peptide’s efficacy in a mouse model expressing high levels of p25, such as the inducible CK-p25Tg model mouse that overexpresses p25 in CamKII positive neurons. Using a modified TFP5 treatment, here we show that peptide i.p. injections in these mice decrease cdk5 hyperactivity, tau, neurofilament-M/H hyperphosphorylation, and restore synaptic function and behavior (i.e., spatial working memory, motor deficit using Rota-rod). It is noteworthy that TFP5 does not inhibit endogenous cdk5/p35 activity, nor other cdks in vivo suggesting it might have no toxic side effects, and may serve as an excellent therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders expressing abnormally high brain levels of p25 and hyperactive cdk5.
THE MAINTENANCE OF SPERM VARIABILITY: CONTEXT‐DEPENDENT SELECTION ON SPERM MORPHOLOGY IN A BROADCAST SPAWNING INVERTEBRATE

Why are sperm so variable despite having a singular, critical function and an intimate relationship with fitness? A key to understanding the evolution of sperm morphology is identifying which traits enable sperm to be successful fertilizers. Several sperm traits (e.g., tail length, overall size) are implicated in sperm performance, but the benefits of these traits are likely to be highly context dependent. Here, we examined phenotypic selection on sperm morphology of a broadcast spawning tube worm (Galeolaria gemineoa). We conducted laboratory experiments to measure the relationship between average sperm morphology and relative fertilization success across a range of sperm environments that were designed to approximate the range of sperm concentrations and ages encountered by eggs in nature. We found that the strength and form of multivariate selection varied substantially across our environmental gradients. Sperm with long tails and small heads were favored in high‐concentration environments, whereas sperm with long heads were favored at low concentrations and old ages. We suggest variation in the local fertilization environment and resulting differences in selection can preserve variability in sperm morphology both within and among males.
Toward personalized nasal surgery using computational fluid dynamics.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether virtual surgery performed on 3-dimensional (3D) nasal airway models can predict postsurgical, biophysical parameters obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). METHODS Presurgery and postsurgery computed tomographic scans of a patient undergoing septoplasty and right inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) were used to generate 3D models of the nasal airway. Prior to obtaining the postsurgery scan, the presurgery model was digitally altered to generate 3 virtual surgery models: (1) right ITR only, (2) septoplasty only, and (3) septoplasty with right ITR. The results of the virtual surgery CFD analyses were compared with postsurgical CFD outcome measures including nasal resistance, unilateral airflow allocation, and regional airflow distribution. RESULTS Postsurgery CFD analysis and all virtual surgery models predicted similar reductions in overall nasal resistance, as well as more balanced airflow distribution between sides, primarily in the middle region, when compared with the presurgery state. In contrast, virtual ITR alone produced little change in either nasal resistance or regional airflow allocation. CONCLUSIONS We present an innovative approach for assessing functional outcomes of nasal surgery using CFD techniques. This preliminary study suggests that virtual nasal surgery has the potential to be a predictive tool that will enable surgeons to perform personalized nasal surgery using computer simulation techniques. Further investigation involving correlation of patient-reported measures with CFD outcome measures in multiple individuals is under way.
Limit of Detection for Five Common Adulterants in Milk: A Study With Different Fat Percent

Milk adulteration is one of the most dishonest food preparation, which not only reduces the nutritional value but also causes various diseases to human. Some of the common adulterants are detergents, ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4], sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium-bi-carbonate (NaHCO3), and common salt (NaCl). The aim of this paper is to identify the minimum detectable limit for the above five adulterants in milk. An impedance sensor is used, which is sensitive to the ionic concentration of the measuring medium and gives different phase angle of the impedance, when immersed in different adulterated/unadulterated milk. Signal transduction circuit is designed to convert the phase angle to voltage and for display in liquid crystal display. By this detection system, the limit of detection of adulterants in milk with different fat % (from 1.5% to 20%) is studied. Commercial packet milk, ultra high temperature milk, and raw-milk (directly collected from the milk collection center) are used for the experiment. Experimental results are plotted in origin software and statistical analysis method analysis of variance is applied on experimental data for verification of the result and to check the data consistency.
Recurrent genetic defects on chromosome 5q in myeloid neoplasms

Background Deletion of chromosome 5q (del(5q)) is the most common karyotypic abnormality in myeloid neoplasms. Materials and Methods To define the pathogenic molecular features associated with del(5q), next–generation sequencing was applied to 133 patients with myeloid neoplasms (MDS; N = 69, MDS/MPN; N = 5, sAML; N = 29, pAML; N = 30) with del(5q) as a sole abnormally or a part of complex karyotype and results were compared to molecular features of patients diploid for chr5. Findings A number of 5q genes with haploinsufficient expression and/or recurrent somatic mutations were identified; for these genes, CSNK1A1 and G3BP1 within the commonly deleted 5q region and DDX41 within a commonly retained region were most commonly affected by somatic mutations. These genes showed consistent haploinsufficiency in deleted cases; low expression/mutations of G3BP1 or DDX41 were associated with poor survival, likely due to decreased cellular function. The most common mutations on other chromosomes in patients with del(5q) included TP53, and mutations of FLT3 (ITD or TKD), NPM1 or TET2 and were mutually exclusive. Serial sequencing allowed for definition of clonal architecture and dynamics, in patients with exome sequencing allelic imbalance for informative SNPs facilitated simultaneous approximation of clonal size of del(5q) and clonal burden for somatic mutations. Interpretation Our results illuminate the spectrum of molecular defects characteristic of del(5q), their clinical impact and succession of stepwise evolution.
Oral lesions as an important marker for HIV progression.

BACKGROUND Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a benign lesion caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication in the oral epithelium affecting the borders of the tongue. It is strongly associated with immunosuppression, especially in HIV+ adults but is uncommon in pediatric population. The aim of the study is to show the importance of the correct diagnosis of OHL and its influence on HIV treatment.We report two cases of HIV+ adolescent patients that presented with leukoplakic lesions on the border of the tongue, suggestive of OHL. OHL diagnosis was confirmed in only one case through EBV in situ hybridization. After confirmation of the diagnosis, the patient with OHL was referred to an infectious disease specialist with the decision to start antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSION OHL definitive diagnosis can help clinical management of pediatric HIV+ patients.