Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternatives to standard acute in-patient care in England: roles and populations served

Background Key questions regarding residential alternatives to standard acute psychiatric care, such as crisis houses and short-stay in-patient units, concern the role that they fulfil within local acute care systems, and whether they manage people with needs and illnesses of comparable severity to those admitted to standard acute wards. Aims To study the extent to which people admitted to residential alternatives and to standard acute services are similar, and the role within local acute care systems of admission to an alternative service. Method Our approach combined quantitative and qualitative methods. Consecutive cohorts of patients in six residential alternatives across England and six standard acute wards in the same areas were identified, and clinical and demographic characteristics, severity of symptoms, impairments and risks compared. Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in each local service system were used to explore the role and functioning of each alternative. Results Being already known to services (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.2), posing a lower risk to others (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.31–0.78) and having initiated help-seeking in the current crisis (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.3) were associated with being admitted to an alternative rather than a standard service. Stakeholder interviews suggested that alternatives have a role that is similar but not identical to standard hospital services. They can divert some, but not all, patients from acute admission. Conclusions Residential alternatives are integrated into catchment area mental health systems. They serve similar, but not identical, clinical populations to standard acute wards and provide some, but not all, of the functions of these wards.
Emergence of Norovirus GII.17 Variants among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in South Korea

Of 1,050 fecal specimens collected from January 2013 to August 2015 from children with acute gastroenteritis, 149 (14.2%) were found to be positive for norovirus. Norovirus GII was the most predominant genogroup (98.65%; 147 of 149). The genotypes detected in this study were GI (2; 1.3%), GII.Pe-GII.4 (109; 73.1%), GII.P17-GII.17 (16; 10.7%), GII.P12-GII.3 (8; 5.4%), GII.P12-GII.12 (8; 5.4%), GII.P4-GII.4 (5; 3.4%), and the recombinant GII.Pe-GII.17 (1; 0.7%). Of these, the novel GII.17 strain was the second most predominant, and the number of affected children appeared to continuously increase over time (2013 [2; 4.4%], 2014 [4; 9.3%], and 2015 [10; 16.4%]). Phylogenetic analysis of the full genome and ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 nucleotide sequences showed that GII.17 was grouped in cluster III with other strains isolated from 2013 to 2015 and had a different evolutionary history from strains collected in 1978 to 2002 and 2005 to 2009 formed clusters I and II. However, the phylogenetic trees also showed that cluster III was divided into subclusters IIIa (CAU-55 and CAU-85) and IIIb (Kawasaki 2014) (CAU-193, CAU-265, CAU-267, CAU-283, and CAU-289). Comparative analysis of the VP1 capsid protein using 15 complete amino acid sequences from noroviruses isolated from 1978 to 2015 showed 99 amino acid changes. These results could be helpful for epidemiological studies to understand circulating norovirus genotypes in population.
Effectiveness and limitations of beta-blocker therapy in congenital long-QT syndrome.

To the Editor: In a recent issue of Circulation , Moss and colleagues1 report their analysis of β-blocker therapy in patients from the International Long-QT Syndrome Registry. They demonstrated that β-blockers significantly reduced cardiac events but that 32% of patients who were symptomatic before initiating therapy had further cardiac events within 5 years. In addition, Moss et al1 did not find a …
Short-term and long-term consequences of achievement goals: Predicting interest and performance over time.

Why do some students excel in their college classes and develop interest in an academic discipline? The authors examined both the short-term and long-term consequences of students' achievement goals in an introductory psychology course. Mastery goals positively predicted subsequent interest in the course, but not course grades. Performance goals positively predicted grades, but not interest. Three semesters later, the authors obtained measures of continued interest in die discipline and long-term performance. Mastery goals predicted subsequent enrollment in psychology courses, whereas performance goals predicted long-term academic performance. These positive and complementary effects of mastery and performance goals on different measures of academic success are consistent with a multiple-goals perspective in which both goals can have beneficial consequences in college education.
Complex Contagions in Kleinberg's Small World Model

Complex contagions describe diffusion of behaviors in a social network in settings where spreading requires influence by two or more neighbors. In a k-complex contagion, a cluster of nodes are initially infected, and additional nodes become infected in the next round if they have at least k already infected neighbors. It has been argued that complex contagions better model behavioral changes such as adoption of new beliefs, fashion trends or expensive technology innovations. This has motivated rigorous understanding of spreading of complex contagions in social networks. Despite simple contagions (k=1) that spread fast in all small world graphs, how complex contagions spread is much less understood. Previous work [11] analyzes complex contagions in Kleinberg's small world model [14] where edges are randomly added according to a spatial distribution (with exponent γ) on top of a two dimensional grid structure. It has been shown in [11] that the speed of complex contagions differs exponentially when γ=0 compared to when γ=2. In this paper, we fully characterize the entire parameter space of γ except at one point, and provide upper and lower bounds for the speed of k-complex contagions. We study two subtly different variants of Kleinberg's small world model and show that, with respect to complex contagions, they behave differently. For each model and each k ≥ 2, we show that there is an intermediate range of values, such that when γ takes any of these values, a k-complex contagion spreads quickly on the corresponding graph, in a polylogarithmic number of rounds. However, if γ is outside this range, then a k-complex contagion requires a polynomial number of rounds to spread to the entire network.
Sonic hedgehog is a regulator of extracellular glutamate levels and epilepsy

Sonic hedgehog (Shh), both as a mitogen and as a morphogen, plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation during early development. Here, we show that Shh inhibits glutamate transporter activities in neurons, rapidly enhances extracellular glutamate levels, and affects the development of epilepsy. Shh is quickly released in response to epileptic, but not physiological, stimuli. Inhibition of neuronal glutamate transporters by Shh depends on heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gαi and enhances extracellular glutamate levels. Inhibiting Shh signaling greatly reduces epileptiform activities in both cell cultures and hippocampal slices. Moreover, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Shh signaling markedly suppresses epileptic phenotypes in kindling or pilocarpine models. Our results suggest that Shh contributes to the development of epilepsy and suppression of its signaling prevents the development of the disease. Thus, Shh can act as a modulator of neuronal activity, rapidly regulating glutamate levels and promoting epilepsy.
Modeling and Comparing Farm Maps using Graphs and Case-based Reasoning

In this paper, we present the knowledge-based system ROSA working on spatial and functional organizations in agriculture. The reasoning in ROSA combines hierarchical classification, case-based reasoning, and qualitative spatial reasoning. The goal of the system is twofold: formalizing and building a case base holding on farm spatial and functional organizations, and helping the analysis of new cases. Domain knowledge and cases are modeled with the help of the so-called spatial organization graphs (sogs), and represented within a description logic system. Hierarchical case-based reasoning, involving classification and qualitative spatial reasoning, is used to compare and explain farm spatial structures modeled by sogs. An example of case retrieval is proposed, followed by a global discussion on case-based reasoning in the ROSA system and related work.
Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection protects lupus-prone mice from the development of autoimmunity

Gammaherpesvirus infections, such as those caused by EBV, have been suggested to promote the development of autoimmunity. To test this idea, we infected healthy WT and lupus-prone B6.Sle123 mice with an EBV-related and rodent-specific gammaherpesvirus, γHV68. Although acute γHV68 infection increased autoantibody levels for 4 to 6 wk, latent infection inhibited these responses for 1 y. The inhibition of autoantibody expression was only observed in B6.Sle123 females and not in males, which already displayed lower autoantibody titers. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, infection of young B6.Sle123 mice, both male and female, resulted in suppression of lymphoid activation and expansion and of glomerular inflammation and sclerosis, preserving kidney function. Moreover, γHV68 infection led to reduced autoantibody titers, lymphoid activation, and glomerular inflammation whether lupus-prone females were infected before or during disease manifestation. Finally, γHV68 infection also inhibited autoantibody production in the genetically distinct MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. Our findings indicate that γHV68 infection strongly inhibits the development and progression of lupus-like disease in mice that spontaneously develop this condition mediating its beneficial effects at the humoral, cellular, and organ levels. The mechanisms by which the virus exerts this down-modulatory action are not yet clear, but appear to operate via reduced activation of dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. Gammaherpesviruses coevolved with the vertebrate immune systems, establishing lifelong infections in humans and other mammals. Our findings that γHV68 infection prevents rather than exacerbates autoimmunity in mice suggest that infection with gammaherpesviruses may be protective rather than pathological in most individuals.
Molecular mechanisms of ligand interaction with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.

I. Introduction II. Amino Acid Sequences of GnRH Receptors A. GnRH receptor cDNAs B. General structural features C. Covalent modifications D. Gene structure III. Structure-Activity Relations of GnRH Peptides A. Overview B. Comparative structures and activities of vertebrate GnRHs C. Roles of individual amino acids in GnRH activity at the mammalian receptor D. Conclusions from peptide structure-activity data IV. Structure and Conformation of GnRH and Its Analogs A. Early studies of GnRH conformation B. Integrated computational and experimental studies C. Exploration of the entire conformation space of GnRH analogs V. Functional Structure of the Receptor and Ligand-Receptor Complex A. Extracellular domains B. Helix domains C. Intracellular loop domains D. Computational modeling of three-dimensional receptor structure VI. Conclusions
Factors influencing attitudes towards medical confidentiality among Swiss physicians

Medical confidentiality is a core concept of professionalism and should be an integral part of pregraduate and postgraduate medical education. The aim of our study was to define the factors influencing attitudes towards patient confidentiality in everyday situations in order to define the need for offering further education to various subgroups of physicians. All internists and general practitioners who were registered members of the association of physicians in Geneva or who were working in the department of internal medicine or in the medical polyclinic of the University Hospital of Geneva in 2004 received a standardised questionnaire. Physicians were asked to indicate for seven vignettes whether a violation of confidentiality had occurred and whether the violation was not important, important or serious (scores 1–3; no violation = 0). 508 completed questionnaires were returned (participation rate 55%). Physicians who had worked in the hospital for more than 20 years identified violations of confidentiality more often than physicians with less hospital experience. Binary logistic regression showed that ethics education, total years of professional experience, being an internist, having a private practice, the length of working in private practice and gender were factors associated with correct identification of violations and their severity. However, each factor played a specific role only for single cases or a small number of situations (Cronbach α <0.6). Postgraduate education programs on confidentiality should be offered to a wide range of physicians and should address specific hypothetical situations in which there is a risk of avoidable breaches of confidentiality.
Photodynamic therapy of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III using topically applied 5-aminolevulinic acid.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was twofold: first, to determine the feasibility of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III (VIN III) using topically applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for photosensitization, and second, to compare PDT results with those of laser evaporation and local excision. METHODS Fifteen patients with VIN III had 10 g of 10% ALA gel applied to the entire vulva. Two to three hours after drug application the vulva was irradiated with 120 J/cm(2) laser light at a wavelength of 635 nm. The procedure was performed without anesthesia in most patients. Thirty patients with VIN III treated by laser evaporation and 27 patients treated by surgical excision served as controls. RESULTS Eight weeks following PDT, 11 of 15 patients were free of VIN III as determined by biopsy. Excellent tissue preservation was achieved and no ulcers or scarring occurred. Three recurrences were seen during follow-up, at 5, 6, and 7 months after PDT. Twelve months after treatment, analysis of disease-free survival revealed no statistically significant difference between patients treated with PDT and patients treated with conventional treatment modalities (P = 0.67) but the power of this analysis is low. In multivariate analysis, multifocal disease was the sole variable associated with a reduced disease-free survival. CONCLUSION While PDT of VIN III seems to show efficacy similar to that of conventional treatment modalities it offers unique advantages: healing time is short, preservation of normal vulvar appearance is excellent, and PDT may be performed without anesthesia. Hence, PDT of VIN III deserves further investigation.
On the Nile Corridor and the Out‐of‐Africa Model

Cet article constitue une reponse aux travaux de Van Peer (CA 39, S115-40) sur l'oasis de Dakhlet. L'auteur precise que meme technologie ne signifie pas necessairement meme peuple. Il presente ensuite des resultats de datation suggerant que le paleolithique moyen a pu durer plus longtemps en Egypte. Enfin, il suggere qu'au pleistocene, la vallee du Nil a forte vegetation aurait constituee un site peu attrayant double d'un obstacle difficile a franchir. De ce fait, l'auteur estime que le technocomplexe aterien ne peut etre inclus dans un technocomplexe plus large dans lequel le Nil aurait pu servir de corridor.
The equilibrium real exchange rate for Israel

This paper analyses the equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) for Israel. In a small open economy such as Israel, in which export flows account for 40% of GDP, the real exchange rate (RER) has an important impact on growth and stability. RER misalignments that are due to medium-term deviations of the actual exchange rate from the ERER could cause output loss and cyclical, inefficient allocation of resources, including low utilisation of factors of production. The fact that a large share of exports is based on the high-tech industry and high investment in human capital makes this concern an important policy factor.
Spring 6-10-2017 IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORK SITES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL OUTCOMES IN THE WORK-PLACE : A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

This paper reports on a systematic review of the evidence into the impacts of social network site usage on individual workplace outcomes. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. SNS use in the workplace has been found to be positively associated with job satisfaction, job performance, innova-tive behaviour, employee engagement, and knowledge sharing, with knowledge sharing the most sup-ported workplace outcome. The evidence does not support SNS use as being associated with negative behaviour like absenteeism and turnover intentions. Evidence of effects on behavioural outcomes such as presenteeism, organisational citizenship behaviour, and psychological outcomes such as employee involvement were limited. Results have implications for SNS usage policies in the workplace. Avenues for future work are provided.
Fine-Grained Image Retrieval: the Text/Sketch Input Dilemma

Fine-grained image retrieval (FGIR) enables a user to search for a photo of an object instance based on a mental picture. Depending on how the object is described by the user, two general approaches exist: sketch-based FGIR or text-based FGIR, each of which has its own pros and cons. However, no attempt has been made to systematically investigate how informative each of these two input modalities is, and more importantly whether they are complementary to each thus should be modelled jointly. In this work, for the ﬁrst time we introduce a multi-modal FGIR dataset with both sketches and sentences description provided as query modalities. A multi-modal quadruplet deep network is formulated to jointly model the sketch and text input modalities as well as the photo output modality. We show that on its own the sketch modality is much more informative than text and each modality can beneﬁt the other when they are modelled jointly.
Gastroenteritis Outbreak in British Troops, Iraq

Gastroenteritis affected many British military personnel during the war in Iraq. In the first month, 1,340 cases were seen; 73% of patients required hospital admission and 36% were hospital staff. In a survey of 500 hospital staff, 76% reported gastroenteritis, which was more likely in clinical workers. Investigations showed only caliciviruses.
Control of Replication Origin Density and Firing Time in Xenopus Egg Extracts

A strict control of replication origin density and firing time is essential to chromosomal stability. Replication origins in early frog embryos are located at apparently random sequences, are spaced at close (∼10-kb) intervals, and are activated in clusters that fire at different times throughout a very brief S phase. Using molecular combing of DNA from sperm nuclei replicating in Xenopus egg extracts, we show that the temporal order of origin firing can be modulated by the nucleocytoplasmic ratio and the checkpoint-abrogating agent caffeine in the absence of external challenge. Increasing the concentration of nuclei in the extract increases S phase length. Contrary to a previous interpretation, this does not result from a change in local origin spacing but from a spreading of the time over which distinct origin clusters fire and from a decrease in replication fork velocity. Caffeine addition or ATR inhibition with a specific neutralizing antibody increases origin firing early in S phase, suggesting that a checkpoint controls the time of origin firing during unperturbed S phase. Furthermore, fork progression is impaired when excess forks are assembled after caffeine treatment. We also show that caffeine allows more early origin firing with low levels of aphidicolin treatment but not higher levels. We propose that a caffeine-sensitive, ATR-dependent checkpoint adjusts the frequency of initiation to the supply of replication factors and optimizes fork density for safe and efficient chromosomal replication during normal S phase.
Image reconstruction by regularized nonlinear inversion—Joint estimation of coil sensitivities and image content

The use of parallel imaging for scan time reduction in MRI faces problems with image degradation when using GRAPPA or SENSE for high acceleration factors. Although an inherent loss of SNR in parallel MRI is inevitable due to the reduced measurement time, the sensitivity to image artifacts that result from severe undersampling can be ameliorated by alternative reconstruction methods. While the introduction of GRAPPA and SENSE extended MRI reconstructions from a simple unitary transformation (Fourier transform) to the inversion of an ill‐conditioned linear system, the next logical step is the use of a nonlinear inversion. Here, a respective algorithm based on a Newton‐type method with appropriate regularization terms is demonstrated to improve the performance of autocalibrating parallel MRI—mainly due to a better estimation of the coil sensitivity profiles. The approach yields images with considerably reduced artifacts for high acceleration factors and/or a low number of reference lines. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease: an uncommon cause of persistent nodule in the ear

Abstract A 40-year-old woman presented with a nodule over the tragus of the right ear. A biopsy was initially reported as showing non-specific inflammation. In view of the persistence of the lesion, the histological material was reviewed, leading to revision of the diagnosis to Rosai-Dorfman disease, a diagnosis further confirmed by immunoreactivity of the histiocytes for s-100 protein. This case represented the extranodal form of Rosai-Dorfman disease in the absence of lymph node involvement.
Genetic, prenatal, and postnatal correlates of dispersal in hatchling fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Similarity of dispersal behavior among siblings is common in vertebrates. However, little is known about the factors (genetic, prenatal, postnatal) generating this similarity. Here we analyzed potential influences on the dispersal patterns of multiple families of hatchling fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis. We captured near-term females from the field, incubated their eggs in the laboratory, measured various traits of the hatchlings and dams, and then released the hatchlings at a number of sites in nature. We recaptured hatchlings 5--6 weeks later and measured the direct distance to the release site. Because we treated hatchlings (from eggs to release) randomly with respect to sibship, we eliminated the possibility that any observed sibling similarity in dispersal is merely an artifact of common postnatal influences. To analyze dispersal, we developed a new method that does not make an arbitrary choice of a threshold distance separating dispersers from nondispersers. We found a significant family effect on dispersal. We suspect that this family effect originates from genetic influences rather than from prenatal ones. Indeed, hatchling dispersal was remarkably unrelated to numerous traits (of clutches, mothers, or hatchlings) that might reflect prenatal effects. However, we did find that males were more likely to disperse than females, as predicted for polygynous species. Finally, characteristics of the release site did not appear to influence dispersal. Copyright 2003.