Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
National Park Visitor Segments and their Interest in Rural Tourism Services and Intention to Revisit

The study aims to understand national park visitors' interests to use tourism services provided in the vicinity of Linnansaari, Seitseminen and Repovesi national parks in Southern Finland. Separate visitor groups were identified based on their use of tourism services and their intention to revisit the area. Data were generated from a questionnaire survey of 736 visitors to the national parks. The analyses revealed five dimensions of interest in tourism services from which five visitor groups were identified: Countryside and outdoor friends, who were interested in recreation services; safari riders, interested in renting snowmobiles and similar services; guided visitors, who were interested in guided tours; room and rental seekers, whose main interest was accommodation and rental services, and uninterested, who had no interest in services. The strongest intentions to revisit the parks and the regions were recorded among “countryside and outdoor friends” and “safari riders”. The results of this study may help tourism enterprises, municipality decision makers and park managers in rural communities surrounding national parks to understand and recognize visitors' overall needs of tourism services.
The Effectiveness of Art Therapy in the Treatment of Traumatized Adults

Art therapy has often been applied in the treatment of traumatized adults, and good results in clinical practice have been reported. However, although art therapy experts underline these benefits, the effectiveness of art therapy in trauma treatment has not been established by systematic review. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate empirical evidence of the effectiveness of art therapy for trauma treatment. As a result of the systematic review, six controlled, comparative studies on art therapy for trauma in adult patients were found. In half of the included studies, a significant decrease in psychological trauma symptoms was found in the treatment groups, and one study reported a significant decrease in depression. Although there are limitations in the number of included studies, the number of participants, the heterogeneity of included studies, and their methodological quality, the results contribute to insight into the effectiveness of art therapy in trauma treatment and form an evidence base for the urgent need for further research on art therapy and trauma treatment.
Density estimation in live‐trapping studies

Unbiased estimation of population density is a major and unsolved problem in animal trapping studies. This paper describes a new and general method for estimating density from closed-population capture-recapture data. Many estimators exist for the size (N) and mean capture probability (p) of a closed population. These statistics suffer from an unknown bias due to edge effect that varies with trap layout and home range size. The mean distance between successive captures of an individual (d) provides information on the scale of individual movements, but is itself a function of trap spacing and grid size. Our aim is to define and estimate parameters that do not depend on the trap layout. In the new method, simulation and inverse prediction are used to estimate jointly the population density (D) and two parameters of individual capture probability, magnitude (go) and spatial scale (σ), from the information in N, p and d. The method uses any configuration of traps (e.g. grid, web or line) and any choice of closed-population estimator. It is assumed that home ranges have a stationary distribution in two dimensions, and that capture events may be simulated as the outcome of competing Poisson processes in time. The method is applied to simulated and field data. The estimator appears unusually robust and free from bias.
A Multistage Approach to External Auditors' Evaluation of the Internal Audit Function

External auditors are continually facing intense pressure to be more efficient in conducting audits without compromising quality and effectiveness. Optimal utilization of internal audit work can improve both the efficiency and the effectiveness of external audits and can enhance the value of internal auditors to the client organization. The objective of this study is to understand how the three factors (objectivity, work performance, and competence of the internal auditors) identified by auditing standards and by prior research interact in determining the strength of the internal audit function. Most prior studies have attempted to understand external auditors' rank ordering of the importance of the three factors, without an explicit attempt to model the interactions among the factors. The results from these studies are mixed and inconclusive. Hence, prior studies have not produced a consensus about how external auditors seem to weight and combine these factors in order to make assessments relating to the.
Article type : Resource Genome-wide analysis of specific alterations in transcript structure and accumulation caused by nutrient deficiencies in Arabidopsis thaliana

Alteration of transcript structure contributes to transcriptome plasticity. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide response of exon combination patterns to deficiencies in 12 different nutrients in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. RNA sequencing analysis and bioinformatics using a simulation survey revealed more than 600 genes showing varying exon combinations. The overlap between genes showing differential expression (DE) and genes showing differential exon combination (DC) was significantly small. Additionally, gene ontology analysis showed that gene functions were not shared between the DE and DC genes, suggesting that the genes showing DC had different roles than those showing DE. Most of the DC genes were nutrient-specific. For example, two homologs of the MYB transcription factor genes MYB48 and MYB59 showed differential alternative splicing only in response to low K. Alternative splicing of those MYB genes modulated DNA-binding motifs, and MYB59 is reportedly involved in the inhibition of root elongation. Therefore, the increased abundance of MYB isoforms with an intact DNA-binding motif under low K may be involved in the active inhibition of root elongation. Overall, we provide global and comprehensive data of DC genes affected by nutritional deficiencies, which contribute to uncover an unknown mechanism involved in the adaptation to nutrient status.
The Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2005 and Entrepreneurial Activity

This paper empirically investigates the effect of the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2005 on entrepreneurial activity. We find that this act had virtually no noticeable effect on the overall level of entrepreneurship, measured by self‐employment, partly because potential entrepreneurs were more likely to seek limited liability to offset the reduction in wealth protection imposed by the new law. That is, the incorporation rate increased for small businesses after the new law was enacted. This increase emphasizes that limited liability provided by incorporation is an important strategic variable that potential entrepreneurs utilize in response to changes in personal bankruptcy law. This study implies that incorporation is an important parameter to consider in understanding the relationship between bankruptcy law and entrepreneurial activity. The policy implication of this study is that entrepreneurs do respond to changes in personal bankruptcy law, even though it is intended for consumers, so this potential side effect should be considered when designing a new law.
Determinants of innovation in emerging market SMEs: Thirty-five years' evidence from advanced materials in Turkey

This research investigates the dynamics of firm innovativeness in emerging markets. It explores how firms acquire knowledge externally, in what ways existing knowledge base and intensity of effort components of absorptive capacity contribute to the innovativeness of the firms. It also examines the complementarities arising from the favorable interaction of them in order to innovate. It addresses this question by examining change over a relatively long period of time - from 1967 onwards and comparing the trends in two different segments - `science-based' and `traditional' segments of the materials industry in Turkey. Multiple correspondence analyses and multinomial logistic regressions applied on a panel database with 408 observations suggest that while product/process improvement in science-based technology firms were achieved through knowledge acquisition via collaborative agreements during the period 1982-1996, their innovativeness shifted towards product/process development through firm-internal activities in the last period 1997-2001 and this shift was complemented by their aggressive approach to R&D and design, based on their dynamic managerial characteristics. Mature segment of the industry, on the other hand, followed a different route of first, during 1982-1996, conducting firm internal activities where they attempted reverse-engineering on the basis of arm's length technology purchases and then during 1997-2001 establishing collaborative agreements when their existing knowledge base has become insufficient. This shift was also accompanied by a lack of intensity of effort in areas other than design activities. Our findings suggest that while both existing knowledge base and intensity of effort in the firm are necessary conditions for innovativeness to complement the mode of technology acquisition, their mediating effect may cause differences according to the technological level of segments of a high tech industry.
A Comparison of Contract Types for Procuring Trucking Services: A Case Study of A Large Swedish Retailer

We found that a large Swedish grocery retailer was missing a structured approach for deciding on contract type when procuring trucking services in shipper-forwarder relationships. In this context, we identified four contract types: dedicated services, periodical services, truckload services, and less-than-truckload services. From previous literature, we found that trucking costs, utilization, and coordination costs impacted prices when tendering for trucking services. Thus, the purpose of this article is to compare the four contract types for trucking services based on trucking service costs, which includes a tradeoff between utilization and coordination costs. Using an applied research project, we worked together with the grocery retailer to compare contract types. Our results show that it is possible to compare contract type using trucking costs, utilization, and coordination costs associated with each contract type.
The profitable new Japanese entrepreneurs: the minor role of information technology

The internet use in daily business operations does not always contribute to making all new entrepreneurs better off. We examine the differential determinants of economic performance between the profitable internet users and the nonprofitable ones, focusing on the managerial ability being endowed on the internet-using new entrepreneur. Empirical results show that the profitable internet users have the managerial abilities of hiring talented employees and of raising the morale of the employees and, in addition, have accumulated their previous work experiences. Meanwhile, the nonprofitable ones have a significantly positive effect only for their previous occupational status. The unexpected demand deficiency and the home office do not contribute to better performance for both types of entrepreneurs. These findings suggest that the new entrepreneur does not succeed merely by the use of the internet. The latent profitable entrepreneurs should be supported on these aspects by the startup assistance policy.
A climatological study of the effect of sea-surface temperature on North Atlantic hurricane intensification

The climatic influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on intensification is examined for North Atlantic hurricanes by averaging hourly intensity increases from best-track data over the period 1986–2013 in 4° by 4° latitude–longitude grid cells. Independent monthly SST data over the same period are averaged in the same cells. After removing cells with cold water or fast moving hurricanes, the SST effect on intensification, at the climate scale, is quantified by regressing intensification onto SST while controlling for average intensity. The regression is performed using a generalized linear model from a gamma family and a logarithmic link function. The model shows a statistically significant relationship, with higher intensification values associated with higher SST values. On average, mean intensification increases by 16% [(9, 20)% uncertainty interval] for every 1 °C increase in mean SST. A clustered region where the model underpredicts intensification is noted over the southeastern Caribbean Sea, perhaps related to the fresh water plume from the Orinoco River.
The silent counter‐revolution

Abstract. This article has two aims. The first attempts to define the ‘extreme right’political family. The three criteria adopted — spatial, historic-ideological, attitudinal-systemic — have led us to identify two types of the extreme right party. One type comprises parties with a fascist imprint (old right-wing parties); the other comprises recently-born parties with no fascist associations, but with a right-wing antisystem attitude (new right-wing parties). The second aim of this article is to explain the recent ‘unexpected’rise of the new right-wing parties. Changes in the cultural domain and in mass beliefs have favoured radicalization and system polarization on one side, and the emergence of attitudes and demands not treated by the established conservative parties on the other one. These two broad changes have set the conditions for the rise of extreme right parties.
Introduction of a Proline Residue into Position 31 of the Loop of the Dimeric 4-α-Helical Protein ROP Causes a Drastic Destabilization

The exchange of an alanine with a proline residue in position 31 of the loop region of the dimeric 4-alpha-helical-bundle protein ROP causes a reduction in the alpha-helix content of 7% and a reduction in stability of about 40% compared to the wild type parameters. The Gibbs energy of unfolding by denaturants extrapolated linearly to zero denaturant concentration, delta G0D (buffer, 25 degrees C), has been determined to be 43 kJ (mol dimer)-1. The corresponding ROPwt value is 72 kJ (mol dimer)-1 (Steif et al., 1993). The extrapolated delta G0D values obtained from urea and GdmHCI un- and refolding studies are identical within error limits. Deconvolution of the stability values into enthalpy and entropy terms resulted in the following parameters. At T1/2 = 43 degrees C (Cprotein = 0.05 mg.ml-1) the ROP A31P mutant is characterized by delta Hv.H. 0 = 272 kJ (mol dimer)-1, delta Cp = 7.2 kJ (mol dimer)-1 K-1, delta S0 = 762 J (mol dimer)-1 K-1. These parameters are only approximately 50% as large as the corresponding values of ROPwt. We assume that the significant reduction in stability reflects the absence of at least one hydrogen bond as well as deformation of the protein structure. This interpretation is supported by the reduction in the change in heat capacity observed for the A31P mutant relative to ROPwt, by the increased aggregation tendency of the mutant and by the reduced specific CD absorption at 222 nm. All results support the view that in the case of ROP protein the loop region plays a significant role in the maintenance of native structure and conformational stability.
Adult Age Differences in the Access and Deletion Functions of Inhibition

ABSTRACT This study examined age differences in working memory using a delayed-matching-to-sample (DMTS) task. Based on the inhibitory decline hypothesis, which posits that older adults are more susceptible to interference, age differences were expected to be greater for older adults when irrelevant information was present during encoding. Two experiments tested both the access and deletion functions of inhibition. In both experiments, performance was equated for older and younger participants on a no-interference version of the DMTS task to control for age differences in encoding information into working memory. Results consistently showed equivalent effects of distraction for older and younger adults regardless of the difficulty of the perceptual discrimination of targets and distractors, the degree of processing of the distractors, or the semantic relationship between targets and distractors. These results support theories that propose age differences in encoding to explain age differences in working memory, and are inconsistent with theories that propose that older adults are more susceptible to interference than younger adults.
Innovative financing for university libraries in sub‐Saharan Africa

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the different sources of financing university libraries in Africa and the challenges faced by libraries in sourcing for funds, with a view to suggesting innovative ways through which the library can raise additional funds.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the literature on different sources of financing libraries globally, especially alternative sources of funding outside government grants. It identifies the challenges faced in sourcing for funds, best practices in raising additional funds and makes suggestions on non‐conventional ways that can be used by libraries to address the challenge.Findings – The paper finds that government provides about 90 per cent of the funds for university libraries in Africa. However, the funding is not only inadequate, but is also usually provided on an ad hoc basis. It notes that, in spite of the fact that the literature reveals that librarians are aware of the danger inherent in depending so much on one source.
University of Birmingham Determinants influencing CSR practices in small and medium sized MNE subsidiaries: A stakeholder perspective

This research attempts to investigate key drivers motivating corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices by small and medium sized foreign subsidiaries. By using stakeholder theory and regression analysis, we integrate international business and CSR literature to suggest a research model and identify the factors functioning as catalysts in influencing CSR in local markets. We find that consumers, ‘internal managers and employees’, competitors and non-governmental organizations are primary determinants considerably influencing corporate citizenship behavior particularly in emerging markets. We also believe that our model contributes to current knowledge by filling several research gaps, and our findings offer useful and practical implications not only for local governments but also for multinational enterprises.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) plasma levels in non-small cell lung cancer: relationship with coagulation and platelet activation markers

Summary Platelet activation, commonly found in lung cancer patients, may cause the release of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). The present study was designed to investigate whether plasma VEGF-A levels were associated to different stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Moreover, sP-selectin, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2),thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TATc) and D-dimer levels were measured to test the hypothesis of an involvement of platelet and coagulation activation in tumor angiogenesis. VEGF-A, sP-selectin, F1+2, TATc and D-dimer levels were elevated in 65 patients with NSCLC, particularly in metastatic patients. sP-selectin (p <0.003) and F1+2 (p <0.005) levels were independently associated to VEGF-A. In addition, patients with positive levels of both sP-selectin and F1+2 had the highest levels of VEGF-A. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that thrombin generation might induce platelet activation and VEGF-A release in NSCLC.
Local networks, stakeholder dynamics and sustainability in tourism. Opportunities and limits in the light of stakeholder theory and SNA

Purpose of the paper : Given the importance of relationships between territorial actors and their ability to make collective decisions in order to ensure the sustainable development of tourism, this paper suggests social network analysis (SNA) as an appropriate method to explain the dynamics of interpersonal relationships in tourist areas. Methodology : The stakeholder map was reconstructed by using stakeholder theory in conjunction with the identification of actors through snowball sampling. The most important stakeholders were identified by adopting the in-degree centrality indicator referred to the weighted adjacency matrix (quantitative) and the role played by stakeholders (qualitative). The in-degree network centralization indicator showed the distribution of centrality between the nodes of the network. Findings : SNA enriches the reading of multi-stakeholder relationships in non-hierarchical territorial contexts; it picks up on the evolving dynamic of networks and the relative weights of the decision makers within them, providing a more comprehensive and convincing interpretation than does the stakeholder approach alone. Research limits : exploratory research was undertaken in order to focus on analytical tools and the general theoretical framework. Practical implications : the reconstruction of the networks and the interpretation of the relationships provide a sounder basis for the definition of strategies and of instruments that are employed to facilitate processes of participative governance in accordance with principles of sustainability. Originality of the paper : few applications of SNA to tourism have so far appeared in the literature. However, the results derived from SNA can open new scenarios in destination management since, as well as demonstrating the existence of relationships, they also classify and prioritize them.
A STOCHASTIC DELAY MODEL FOR PRICING DEBT AND LOAN GUARANTEES: Theoretical results

We consider that the price of a firm follows a non linear stochastic delay differential equation. We also assume that any claim value whose value depends on firm value and time follows a non linear stochastic delay differential equation. Using self-financed strategy and replication we are able to derive a Random Partial Differential Equation (RPDE) satisfied by any corporate claim whose value is a function of firm value and time. Under specific final and boundary conditions, we solve the RPDE for the debt value and loan guarantees within a single period and homogeneous class of debt.
Etiology, pathogenesis and possible prevention of congenital dislocation of the hip.

to have been invited to deliver the Eighth Alexander Gibson Memorial Lecture at the Univer¬ sity of Manitoba. Having read the many glowing tributes to Dr. Alexander Gibson.and having been inspired by them.I only regret that, for chronological reasons, it was not my privilege to have had the opportunity to meet and know this outstanding man whom we all honour this evening. One of the most inspiring tributes to Dr. Gibson
Modelling Farmer Entry into the Environmentally Sensitive Area Schemes in Scotland

The probability and rate of farmer entry into the Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) scheme were investigated by multinomial logit and duration analysis respectively. Models were based on a survey of 490 farmers sampled from across all ten ESAs in Scotland. The results indicated a number of generic factors as important in explaining the entry decision. Non‐entrants were less aware of and less informed about the scheme than entrants. The probability of entry was increased where the scheme prescription fitted the farm situation and the costs of compliance were low. The duration analysis suggested several factors accelerating scheme entry: an interest in conservation, more adequate information and more extensive systems.