Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processing of multi-digit additions in high math-anxious individuals: psychophysiological evidence

We investigated the time course of neural processing of multi-digit additions in high- (HMA) and low-math anxious (LMA) individuals. Seventeen HMA and 17 LMA individuals were presented with two-digit additions and were asked to perform a verification task. Behavioral data showed that HMA individuals were slower and more error prone than their LMA peers, and that incorrect solutions were solved more slowly and less accurately than correct ones. Moreover, HMA individuals tended to need more time and commit more errors when having to verify incorrect solutions than correct ones. ERPs time-locked to the presentation of the addends (calculation phase) and to the presentation of the proposed solution (verification phase) were also analyzed. In both phases, a P2 component of larger amplitude was found for HMA individuals than for their LMA peers. Because the P2 component is considered to be a biomarker of the mobilization of attentional resources toward emotionally negative stimuli, these results suggest that HMA individuals may have invested more attentional resources both when processing the addends (calculation phase) and when they had to report whether the proposed solution was correct or not (verification phase), as compared to their LMA peers. Moreover, in the verification phase, LMA individuals showed a larger late positive component (LPC) for incorrect solutions at parietal electrodes than their HMA counterparts. The smaller LPC shown by HMA individuals when verifying incorrect solutions suggests that these solutions may have been appeared more plausible to them than to their LMA counterparts.
Threat as justification of prejudice

When people feel prejudice toward a group, they can justify their prejudice by perceiving the group as threatening. Three experiments tested the hypothesis that prejudice causes threat perception, using affective conditioning to create new prejudice toward unfamiliar groups. The experimentally created prejudice increased threat perception (Experiments 1–3), except when threat information was inconsistent with conditioned affect (Experiment 3). Consistency of affect and threat information is necessary in order for threat to be a plausible justification of prejudice. Mere prejudice can cause perception of threat in the absence of information about the group; this finding suggests threats are not necessarily inherent to the characteristics of the group. Threat perception can be used as a way to explain the experience of prejudice, rather than forming the source of the prejudice itself.
Early Exercise Decision in American Options with Dividends, Stochastic Volatility, and Jumps

Using a fast numerical technique, we investigate a large database of investors’ suboptimal nonexercise of short-maturity American call options on dividend-paying stocks listed on the Dow Jones. The correct modeling of the discrete dividend is essential for a correct calculation of the early exercise boundary, as confirmed by theoretical insights. Pricing with stochastic volatility and jumps instead of the Black–Scholes–Merton benchmark cuts the amount lost by investors through suboptimal exercise by one-quarter. The remaining three-quarters are largely unexplained by transaction fees and may be interpreted as an opportunity cost for the investors to monitor optimal exercise.
Differences in BVOC oxidation and SOA formation above and below the forest canopy

Abstract. Gas-phase biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are oxidized in the troposphere to produce secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3), organic nitrates (RONO2), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Two coupled zero-dimensional models have been used to investigate differences in oxidation and SOA production from isoprene and α-pinene, especially with respect to the nitrate radical (NO3), above and below a forest canopy in rural Michigan. In both modeled environments (above and below the canopy), NO3 mixing ratios are relatively small (
Higher Frequency of Circulating PD-1high CXCR5+CD4+ Tfh Cells in Patients with Chronic Schistosomiasis

The current knowledge of immunological responses to schistosomiasis is insufficient for the development of vaccine and therapies. The role of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in schistosome infections is not fully defined. The frequency of circulating Tfh cells and serum cytokine levels were analyzed in 11 patients with chronic schistosomiasis and 10 healthy controls (HC), who reside in an endemic area for Schistosomiasis japonicum. Significantly higher frequencies of circulating CXCR5+ CD4+ Tfh cells and higher expression levels of ICOS and PD-1 in CXCR5+ CD4+ Tfh cells were observed in patients with chronic schistosomiasis compared to HC. The levels of IL-21 in serum and the expression of IL-21 mRNA were higher in chronic schistosomiasis patients than in HC. Moreover, the frequency of circulating PD-1high CXCR5+ CD4+ Tfh cells positively correlated with the levels of IL-21 in serum from patients with chronic schistosomiasis. A positive correlation was also found between the frequency of PD-1high CXCR5+ CD4+ Tfh cells and the levels of soluble egg antigen (SEA)-specific antibodies in serum samples from the patient group. Our study is the first regarding Tfh cells in chronic human schistosomiasis and the finding indicate that PD-1high CXCR5+ CD4+Tfh cells might play an important role in the production of specific antibodies in schistosomiasis. This study contributes to the understanding of immune response to schistosomiasis and may provide helpful support in vaccine development.
The effect of local tramadol injection in post appendectomy pain

Background: Tramadol is a weak synthetic opioid with an effective analgesic result. This medicine has both systemic and local anesthetic effects on peripheral nerve system. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare post-appendectomy analgesic effect of subcutaneous injection of tramadol with normal saline. Patients and Methods: This double blind study was conducted on 60 patients over 15 years old, who were randomly divided in two equal groups, i.e. tramadol and normal saline. After repairing fascia in appendectomy, 100 mg of tramadol that was diluted up to 10 mL and 10 mL normal saline were used for subcutaneously injection around the surgical wound in experimental and control groups, respectively. Then, the intensity of pain was recorded in the recovery room, and 6 and 24 hours after operation, based on NRS. In addition, number of petidine (with a dosage of 25 milligram) administered in the same period, in case of severe and moderate pain, was recorded. At the end, the intensity of pain during the mentioned time and the average use of petidine in two groups were compared. Results: The average of severe pain in recovery time (3.08 ± 1.44 versus 5.36 ± 2.02), 6 (3.36 ± 1.22 versus 5.36 ± 1.38) and 12 (2.08 ± 0.76 versus 3.08 ± 1.15) hours after operation was lower in tramadol group (P = 0.0001). Moreover, the amount of consumed petidine in the same period of time showed a clear reduction (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Subcutaneous injection of tramadol is an appropriate choice for reduction of post-appendectomy pain and decreasing need for potent narcotic painkillers. This treatment method can decrease side effects of using potent narcotics after appendectomy.
Intercontinental comparison of fish ecomorphology: null model tests of community assembly at the patch scale in rivers

Community assembly is affected by environmental filtering that restricts viable phenotypes and by species interactions that impose limits on interspecific trait similarity. Relative influences of these processes should vary according to habitat features and dispersal. Species dispersion within assemblage trait space also should vary in relation to species richness, strength of competition, and the spatiotemporal scale of analysis. We examined ecomorphological diversity of two freshwater fish families (Neotropical Cichlidae, Nearctic Centrarchidae) to test theories of local assembly from regional species pools and theories of species packing within mesohabitat patches. Cichlid and centrarchid assemblages were surveyed in four floodplain rivers (two in South America and two in North America) during low-water periods when fish densities are highest. Surveys were conducted in four mesohabitat types (submerged wood, leaf litter, rocks, sand bank) within river channels and floodplain lakes. We measured 23 morph.
Plasma concentrations of neurotransmitters and postpartum depression.

OBJECTIVE To determine associations between postpartum depression (PPD) and plasma neurotransmitters. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested to a prospective cohort established in 3 comprehensive tertiary hospitals in Changsha, Hunan, China from February to September 2007. The Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used at 2 weeks postpartum to screen PPD, with a score of 13 or higher as the cut-off for PPD. The women with matched age but without PPD and delivery within 5 years were selected as controls. The levels of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE), and peptide neurotransmitters including neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) in maternal blood samples taken at 2 weeks postpartum were measured and compared between PPD women (n=42) and controls (n=42). Results: Plasma levels of 5-HT and NPY were significantly lower while plasma levels of NE and SP were significantly higher in PPD women than those in the controls. For women with PPD, a negative correlation between NPY and NE (r=-0.36, P﹤0.05) was observed. Conclusion: There are changes in plasma levels of neurotransmitters in women with PPD, and there are potential interactions between different neurotransmitters.
Carbapenem-resistant bacteria in a secondary wastewater treatment plant

Bacterial resistance to carbapenems is an emerging problem of this century. A carbapenem-resistant bacterial population (CRBP) grown at 42°C was monitored in the influent and effluent of a secondary municipal wastewater treatment plant over 10 months. The municipal wastewater consisted of domestic, industrial, hospital and storm wastewaters. Median numbers of CRBP in influent and effluent water were 3.5 and 1.3 log CFU/mL, with its prevalence among total heterotrophic bacteria at 47% and 26%, respectively. Correlation of CRBP with physico-chemical and other bacteriological parameters of wastewater was estimated. Higher numbers of CRBP in influent and effluent were found in cases of nutrient-rich wastewater with higher concentrations of total heterotrophic bacteria and intestinal enterococci. Reduction of CRBP in the wastewater treatment process of 54% was comparable to the reduction of intestinal enterococci. Despite the significant elimination of CRBP in the secondary type of wastewater treatment plant, substantial numbers of CRBP are released through the effluent into the natural receiving waters. Since the CRBP grown at 42°C was not found in natural water samples beyond the vicinity of hospitals, these bacteria may be used as an indicator of hospital wastewaters. Keywords: environmental bacteria, carbapenem-resistant bacteria, public health, wastewater
3-D High-Resolution Imaging Radar at 300 GHz With Enhanced FoV

We have developed a 3-D high-resolution radar at 300 GHz with a cell resolution of 1×1.6×1.6 cm3 at a standoff distance of 8 m for security applications. The selection of an operating frequency of 300 GHz, a bandwidth of 27 GHz, and a field of view of 50×90 cm2 improves the through-clothes imaging of person-borne concealed objects. The radar's antenna design allows single-pixel imaging at a frame rate of two frames per second. A reduction in cost and power consumption and improvements in image quality are additional requirements taken into account in the design of this radar system.
Prevalence of Depression among Recently Admitted Long-Term Care Patients in Norwegian Nursing Homes: Associations with Diagnostic Workup and Use of Antidepressants

Aims: We aimed to establish the prevalence of depression among recently admitted long-term care patients and to examine associations with diagnostic initiatives and treatment as recorded in patients' medical records. Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight long-term care patients were included. Depression was diagnosed according to the ICD-10 criteria; patients were screened for depression using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and for dementia with the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Results: Depression was found in 25% of the patients according to the ICD-10 criteria and in 31% according to a CSDD sum score of ≥8. Diagnostic initiatives were documented in the medical records of half of the patients with depression. Forty-four percent of the patients were prescribed antidepressants and 23% actually received them for the treatment of depression. Conclusion: Depression was prevalent among recently admitted long-term care patients, but diagnostic initiatives were too rarely used. Antidepressants were commonly prescribed, but depression was the indication for treatment in only half of the cases. Screening for depression should be mandatory on admission.
Effect of Glyburide vs Subcutaneous Insulin on Perinatal Complications Among Women With Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Randomized trials have not focused on neonatal complications of glyburide for women with gestational diabetes. Objective To compare oral glyburide vs subcutaneous insulin in prevention of perinatal complications in newborns of women with gestational diabetes. Design, Settings, and Participants The Insulin Daonil trial (INDAO), a multicenter noninferiority randomized trial conducted between May 2012 and November 2016 (end of participant follow-up) in 13 tertiary care university hospitals in France including 914 women with singleton pregnancies and gestational diabetes diagnosed between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Interventions Women who required pharmacologic treatment after 10 days of dietary intervention were randomly assigned to receive glyburide (n=460) or insulin (n=454). The starting dosage for glyburide was 2.5 mg orally once per day and could be increased if necessary 4 days later by 2.5 mg and thereafter by 5 mg every 4 days in 2 morning and evening doses, up to a maximum of 20 mg/d. The starting dosage for insulin was 4 IU to 20 IU given subcutaneously 1 to 4 times per day as necessary and increased according to self-measured blood glucose concentrations. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite criterion including macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. The noninferiority margin was set at 7% based on a 1-sided 97.5% confidence interval. Results Among the 914 patients who were randomized (mean age, 32.8 [SD, 5.2] years), 98% completed the trial. In a per-protocol analysis, 367 and 442 women and their neonates were analyzed in the glyburide and insulin groups, respectively. The frequency of the primary outcome was 27.6% in the glyburide group and 23.4% in the insulin group, a difference of 4.2% (1-sided 97.5% CI, −∞ to 10.5%; P=.19). Conclusion and Relevance This study of women with gestational diabetes failed to show that use of glyburide compared with subcutaneous insulin does not result in a greater frequency of perinatal complications. These findings do not justify the use of glyburide as a first-line treatment. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01731431
Investigation on behavioral problems and influencing factors among primary school students in rural areas of Shandong province

Objectives To investigate the incidence of child behavioral problems in primary School in the rural area of Shandong province,to explore the influencing factors,and to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention measures. Methods Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate parents who were recruited by accidental sampling method.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)was mainly used to investigate child's behavioral problem. Results The prevalence of difficulty problems was 12.0% and the incidence of emotional symptoms,conduct problems,hyperactivity,peer problems,pro-social was 10.7%,10.6%,13.6%,46.5%,16.0%,respectively.The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the experiences of mental maltreatment of the child,the over-reactivity and hostility of parenting skills,and poor academic achievement were positively and parent-to-child interaction action was negatively with difficulty scores;Parent-to-child interaction action was protectively and parents who supported physical punishment was negatively with the scores of prosocial behavior. Conclusions The rural area have higher incidence of child behavioral problems,parents' parenting skills should be improved and the occurrence of child maltreatment should be reduced.More attention should be paid to the students who had poor academic achievement be reduce.
Increasing Returns to Education, Changing Labor Force Structure, and the Rise of Earnings Inequality in Urban China, 1996–2010

Earnings inequality in urban China has grown rapidly the past two decades. During the same period, the composition of the urban labor force has been dramatically altered by three large-scale structural changes: (1) the expansion of tertiary education; (2) the decline of state sector employment; and (3) a surge in rural-to-urban migration. In this article, I examine how these institutional and demographic shifts have shaped the recent upswing in earnings inequality. Based on data from two nationally representative surveys, I use variance function regressions to decompose the growth in earnings inequality from 1996 to 2010 into four components: changes in between-group earnings gaps, changes in within-group earnings variation, and two types of composition effects (distribution effect and allocation effect). I also employ counterfactual simulations to evaluate the utility of different explanations. Results show that nearly half of the growth in earnings inequality during this period is due to increases in returns to education, and that the other half can be attributed to compositional changes in the labor force. The composition effects stem chiefly from the expansion of tertiary education and the shrinkage of state sector employment.
Sleep in Adolescents : Sleep and the Prediction of Academic Investment and Achievement

This study was part of a larger and ongoing research effort involving the investigation of aggression, socioeconomic status, student productivity, social functioning, sleep patterns, school environment, and academic achievement in 892 high-school adolescents. The present study specifically examines potential psycho-physiological, environmental, and habitual predictors of adolescent academic achievement and academic investment. Students were assessed on various dimensions including instances of insomnia, restless leg syndrome, sleep hygiene; and attributes such as demographics, academic investment, and GPA. It was hypothesized that participants’ levels of sleep disturbances, would in turn significantly predict grade point averages. Furthermore, it was believed that sleep quality, measured via reported sleep disturbance scores, would significantly predict a student’s degree of academic investment. Lastly, rates of electronics usage just prior to bedtime would significantly predict students’ reported GPA’s, in addition to their self-reported levels of academic investment. Results of the study confirmed three of the four experimental hypotheses. Greater quantities of student sleep disturbances was significantly predictive of lower academic investment levels; more frequent usage of Electronics at Sleep Onset was significantly predictive of lower reported GPA’s, and more frequent usage of Electronics at Sleep Onset was significantly predictive of lower academic investment levels. SLEEP AND ACADEMIC INVESTMENT/ACHIEVEMENT 3 SLEEP IN ADOLESCENTS: SLEEP AND THE PREDICTION OF ACADEMIC INVESTMENT AND ACHIEVEMENT
Social-Emotional Competencies of African American Children: Impact of Child-Centered Play Therapy

African American children experience risks due to heightened socio-environmental problems and responding to negative racial messages in their environments. Child Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) is one viable intervention for the development of social emotional competence among African American children to help mediate adverse conditions. I sought to explore the effects of CCPT on the social emotional competencies of African American children utilizing Social Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale-Parent & Teacher (SEARS-P; SEARS-T) reports. Thirty-seven African American participants with a mean age of 6.68 years were recruited from four suburban elementary schools in the southwest U.S. Twenty participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group receiving a mean of 13.3 CCPT sessions over 8 weeks, and 17 participants were assigned to the waitlist control group. Factorial ANOVA results indicated that parents reported statistically and practically significant improvement for children who participated in CCPT in overall social-emotional competencies. Follow-up analysis revealed statistical and practical improvement in children’s empathy, as well as practical improvement in self-regulation/responsibility and social competence. Teacher-reported results indicated practical but non-statistically significant improvement in overall social-emotional competencies for children who participated in CCPT, including statistical and practical improvement in children’s responsibility, as well as practical improvement in self-regulation, social competence, and empathy. Thus, CCPT showed promise as a culturally responsive treatment intervention to improve African American children’s social-emotional competencies
Links between juvenile sexually abusive behaviour and emerging severe personality disorder traits in childhood

Young people presenting with sexually abusive behaviour (SAB) – juvenile sexual abusers (JSAs) – are responsible for a significant minority of sexual offences against children and adults (Home Office, 2003). A detailed study of 280 JSAs referred to a specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service was conducted in order to provide a detailed description of this population. Data were obtained from a retrospective file review, and the Offenders Index. Two theoretical questions were addressed. Firstly, whether the age of onset of SAB could distinguish distinct subgroups of JSAs. Such categories have proved clinically relevant for generally anti-social juveniles (Moffitt, 1993). Early Onset (n=93) and Late Onset (n=120) groups were identified depending on whether SAB began before or after the age of 11. The results indicated that the Early Onset group were more likely to experience: inadequate family sexual boundaries; multiple forms of abuse; poorer parenting; and insecure attachment. The Late Onset group tended to misuse substances, sexually abuse specific groups, and were more likely to use verbal coercion. Secondly, whether a distinct subgroup of juvenile sexual abusers could be identified on the basis of emerging severe personality disorder (ESPD) traits. An ESPD group (n=54) presenting with marked conduct disorder and psychopathic personality disorder traits was compared with a non-ESPD group of JSAs (n=149). The results indicated that the ESPD group was more likely to have: an early difficult temperament; more insecure attachment; inconsistent parenting; placement disruption; and parents with mental health problems. Their SAB was more predatory and premeditated. Notably, their ‘lifetime’ conviction rate for all offences was 67 per cent compared to 37 per cent in the non-ESPD group. Clinical, policy and research implications are discussed. The need for JSA specialist services, integrated governmental approaches, and research on treatment efficacy, and ESPD traits in childhood are highlighted.