Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embedding consumer culture in health and social care education – a university office's perspective

Health and social care services are changing – and this change is radical. Service user and carer involvement has been a key aspect of health and social care policy for a number of years. In terms of the National Health Service (NHS), this has been significantly strengthened by the report ‘High Quality Care for All’. The NHS will no longer be a monolith dictating what services it offers. It is beginning to take seriously the views of its consumers: the patients, service users and carers. The NHS is starting to put the patient experience at the centre of everything it does, and its regulators are asking for evidence of public and patient involvement. This process may yet prove to be one of the NHS’ greatest challenges as it transforms to prioritize the consumer viewpoint. Social care, though further down the line in relation to involvement, is now responding to the relatively new personalization agenda. This paper will consider what the university sector can do to embed the consumer and service culture within the education of health and social care professionals. It looks at the challenges of involvement and required culture change, highlighting the key points to address in the early and middle stages of involvement from a university office’s perspective. It includes examples of consumer involvement in teaching, assessment and the selection of students and how their input is starting to make a difference. Finally, the paper outlines what is needed in a development office to establish and support effective service user and carer involvement on health and social care courses in higher education. The article concludes by acknowledging that there is much more work that needs to be done in this field to embed the work of a development office, but that early steps have been promising.
A generalization of the proximal point algorithm

The problem that we consider in this paper is to find a solution to the generalized equation 0 ¿ T(x,y), where T is a maximal monotone operator on the product H1 × H2 of two Hilbert spaces H1 and H2. We give a generalization of the proximal map and the proximal point algorithm in which the proposed iterative procedure is based on just one variable. Applying to convex programming problems, instead of adding a quadratic term for all variables as in the proximal point algorithm, we add a quadratic term for a subset of variables. We prove that under a mild assumption our algorithm has the same convergence properties as the regular proximal point algorithm.
Il tesoro nascosto : La mappa del capitale sociale in un'area metropolitana

In this article the author will analyse a peculiar aspect of social capital, that is the amount of social resources disposable to individuals as support from kinship and relational networks. The article presents the first results of an empirical study on networks and social support in Milano, northern Italy. According to C. Fischer's pioneering study on networks, he divides social support in four different types. The confrontation with Fischer's work will draw the analysis, but nonetheless the article intends also to evaluate network analysis technique in itself. In particular, the author wishes to stress the problems that arise while adopting a mere morphological and simply ordinal view of social capital. Following Fischer, each kind of social support disposable to individuals will be reconnected to subjects that take advantages of it, so to construct a synoptic table that tries to combine empirically the advantages of the structuralist «relations-approach» with the analytical advantages of the classic «variables-approach». By examining individual ego-networks the article demonstrate that the interaction between the degree of social closure and the peculiar labour market organization reproduces inequality in the distribution of individuals' life chances, so to penalize people with personal characteristics little appreciated on the labour market and with a very small amount of human and social capital at their disposition. The article shows, finally, how in a society which is still «closed», family and kinship nets still constitute the main factor of intermediation between individuals and the whole society
Who I am in how I teach is the message: self‐understanding, vulnerability and reflection

The person of the teacher is an essential element in what constitutes professional teaching and therefore needs careful conceptualisation. In this article the author argues for this central thesis, presenting a wrap up of his theoretical and empirical work on the issue over the past decade. These studies have been inspired – both conceptually and methodologically – by teacher thinking‐research as well as the narrative‐biographical approach to teaching and teacher development. The result is an empirically grounded conceptual framework on teacher development and teacher professionalism. Central concepts are ‘professional self‐understanding’ and ‘subjective educational theory’ as components of the personal interpretative framework every individual teacher develops throughout his/her career. This personal framework results from the reflective and meaningful interactions between the individual teacher and the social, cultural and structural working conditions constituting his/her job context(s). As such the framework is the dynamic outcome of an ongoing process of professional learning (development). Furthermore, it is argued, that the particular professionalism or scholarship of teachers is fundamentally characterised by personal commitment and vulnerability, which eventually have consequences for the kind of reflective attitudes and skills professional teachers should master.
Chronic Stress-induced Hippocampal Vulnerability: The Glucocorticoid Vulnerability Hypothesis

The hippocampus, a limbic structure important in learning and memory, is particularly sensitive to chronic stress and to glucocorticoids. While glucocorticoids are essential for an effective stress response, their oversecretion was originally hypothesized to contribute to age-related hippocampal degeneration. However, conflicting findings were reported on whether prolonged exposure to elevated glucocorticoids endangered the hippocampus and whether the primate hippocampus even responded to glucocorticoids as the rodent hippocampus did. This review discusses the seemingly inconsistent findings about the effects of elevated and prolonged glucocorticoids on hippocampal health and proposes that a chronic stress history, which includes repeated elevation of glucocorticoids, may make the hippocampus vulnerable to potential injury. Studies are described to show that chronic stress or prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids can compromise the hippocampus by producing dendritic retraction, a reversible form of plasticity that includes dendritic restructuring without irreversible cell death. Conditions that produce dendritic retraction are hypothesized to make the hippocampus vulnerable to neurotoxic or metabolic challenges. Of particular interest is the finding that the hippocampus can recover from dendritic retraction without any noticeable cell loss. When conditions surrounding dendritic retraction are present, the potential for harm is increased because dendritic retraction may persist for weeks, months or even years, thereby broadening the window of time during which the hippocampus is vulnerable to harm, called the 'glucocorticoid vulnerability hypothesis'. The relevance of these findings is discussed with regard to conditions exhibiting parallels in hippocampal plasticity, including Cushing's disease, major depressive disorder (MDD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
T-cell Receptor Specificity Maintained by Altered Thermodynamics

Background: The molecular principles governing T-cell specificity are poorly understood. Results: High affinity binding of a melanoma-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) is mediated through new MHC contacts and distinct thermodynamics. Conclusion: A novel thermodynamic mechanism upholds TCR-peptide specificity. Significance: TCRs can maintain peptide specificity using a mechanism that may enable widespread, safe enhancement of TCR binding affinity in therapeutic applications. The T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes peptides bound to major histocompatibility molecules (MHC) and allows T-cells to interrogate the cellular proteome for internal anomalies from the cell surface. The TCR contacts both MHC and peptide in an interaction characterized by weak affinity (KD = 100 nm to 270 μm). We used phage-display to produce a melanoma-specific TCR (α24β17) with a 30,000-fold enhanced binding affinity (KD = 0.6 nm) to aid our exploration of the molecular mechanisms utilized to maintain peptide specificity. Remarkably, although the enhanced affinity was mediated primarily through new TCR-MHC contacts, α24β17 remained acutely sensitive to modifications at every position along the peptide backbone, mimicking the specificity of the wild type TCR. Thermodynamic analyses revealed an important role for solvation in directing peptide specificity. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that can govern the exquisite peptide specificity characteristic of TCR recognition.
Constant boost control of the Z-source inverter to minimize current ripple and voltage stress

This paper proposes two constant boost-control methods for the Z-source inverter, which can obtain maximum voltage gain at any given modulation index without producing any low-frequency ripple that is related to the output frequency and minimize the voltage stress at the same time. Thus, the Z-network requirement will be independent of the output frequency and determined only by the switching frequency. The relationship of voltage gain to modulation index is analyzed in detail and verified by simulation and experiments.
Identifying method friendships to remove the feature envy bad smell: NIER track

We propose a novel approach to identify Move Method refactoring opportunities and remove the Feature Envy bad smell from source code. The proposed approach analyzes both structural and conceptual relationships between methods and uses Relational Topic Models to identify sets of methods that share several responsabilities, i.e., 'friend methods'. The analysis of method friendships of a given method can be used to pinpoint the target class (envied class) where the method should be moved in. The results of a preliminary empirical evaluation indicate that the proposed approach provides meaningful refactoring opportunities.
Thematic roles, focus and the representation of events

Abstract Two experiments investigated the focusing properties of thematic roles, while a third experiment investigated the view that thematic role preferences reflect a focusing on the consequences of the represented event. Sentence continuation tasks were used in which subjects wrote continuations to sentence fragments containing two antecedents, each occupying a different thematic role. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed a preference for referring to a particular thematic role regardless of the presence or absence of a pronoun at the start of the continuation and regardless of whether the continuation was part of a different sentence from the one containing the antecedents (Experiment 1) or part of the same sentence (Experiment 2). These preferences were interpreted as being due to a focus on the consequences of the represented event in a mental model of the sentence. Experiment 3 tested this interpretation by using sentence fragments that ended in so (a connective that reinforces the focus on co.
Blood-Stage Parasitaemia and Age Determine Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Gametocytaemia in Papua New Guinea

A better understanding of human-to-mosquito transmission is crucial to control malaria. In order to assess factors associated with gametocyte carriage, 2083 samples were collected in a cross-sectional survey in Papua New Guinea. Plasmodium species were detected by light microscopy and qPCR and gametocytes by detection of pfs25 and pvs25 mRNA transcripts by reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The parasite prevalence by PCR was 18.5% for Plasmodium falciparum and 13.0% for P. vivax. 52.5% of all infections were submicroscopic. Gametocytes were detected in 60% of P. falciparum-positive and 51% of P. vivax-positive samples. Each 10-fold increase in parasite density led to a 1.8-fold and 3.3-fold increase in the odds of carrying P. falciparum and P. vivax gametocytes. Thus the proportion of gametocyte positive and gametocyte densities was highest in young children carrying high asexual parasite densities and in symptomatic individuals. Dilution series of gametocytes allowed absolute quantification of gametocyte densities by qRT-PCR and showed that pvs25 expression is 10-20 fold lower than pfs25 expression. Between 2006 and 2010 parasite prevalence in the study site has decreased by half. 90% of the remaining infections were asymptomatic and likely constitute an important reservoir of transmission. However, mean gametocyte densities were low (approx. 1-2 gametocyte/μL) and it remains to be determined to what extent low-density gametocyte positive individuals are infective to mosquitos.
Design and Multi-Country Validation of Text Messages for an mHealth Intervention for Primary Prevention of Progression to Hypertension in Latin America

Background Mobile health (mHealth) has been posited to contribute to the reduction in health gaps and has shown fast and widespread growth in developing countries. This growth demands understanding of, and preparedness for, local cultural contexts. Objective To describe the design and validation of text messages (short message service, SMS) that will be used for an mHealth behavioral change intervention to prevent hypertension in three Latin American countries: Argentina, Guatemala, and Peru. Methods An initial set of 64 SMS text messages were designed to promote healthy lifestyles among individuals in different stages of behavior change, addressing four key domains: salt and sodium intake, fruit and vegetable intake, consumption of high fat and sugar foods, and physical activity. The 64 SMS text messages were organized into nine subsets for field validation. In each country 36 people were recruited, half of them being male. Of the participants, 4 per country evaluated each subset of SMS text messages, which contained between 6 and 8 SMS text messages regarding different key domains and stages of change. The understanding and appeal of each SMS text message was assessed using a 7-item questionnaire. The understanding and appeal ratings were used to reach a final set of 56 SMS text messages. Results Overall, each of the 64 SMS text messages received a total of 12 evaluations (4 per country). The majority of evaluations—742 out of a total of 767 (96.7%) valid responses—revealed an adequate understanding of the key idea contained in the SMS text message. On a scale from 1 to 10, the average appeal score was 8.7 points, with a range of 4 to 10 points. Based on their low scores, 8 SMS text messages per country were discarded. Once the final set of 56 SMS text messages was established, and based on feedback obtained in the field, wording and content of some SMS text messages were improved. Of the final set, 9, 8, and 16 of the SMS text messages were improved based on participant evaluations from Argentina, Guatemala, and Peru, respectively. Most SMS text messages selected for the final set (49/56, 88%) were the same in all countries, except for small wording differences. Conclusions The final set of SMS text messages produced had very high rates of understanding and appeal in three different Latin American countries. This study highlights the importance of developing and validating a package of simple, preventative SMS text messages, grounded in evidence and theory, across three different Latin American countries with active engagement of end users.
Myth and the menopause

Abstract This paper examines two competing descriptions of the menopausal experience, the one proffered by the medical profession and the other by the women's health movement. These different interpretations of the menopause are each treated as myths in the sense in which that term is used by Barthes. In his definition, myths are social products and the modern myth reflects the values of the bourgeoisie. Through an examination of these myths, the paper discusses the view of women, particularly ageing women, taken by the medical profession and by the feminist health movement.
Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus in Pneumocytes of the Lung

Abstract Previous reports have indicated that patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–associated coronavirus infection could develop atypical pneumonia with fulminant pulmonary edema. However, the target cells of SARS viral infection have not been characterized in detail. We report the pathologic findings of the lung in 3 cases of SARS. Chest radiographs at 2 to 3 weeks of infection revealed an atypical pneumonia with pulmonary consolidation, a clinical characteristic of SARS infection. The presence of the SARS virus was determined by nested reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the infected cells were identified by in situ hybridization in open-lung biopsy and postmortem necropsy specimens. Expression of SARS virus–encoded RNA was detected in all 3 cases by RT-PCR, and the SARS viral signal was localized in pneumocytes by using in situ hybridization.
Switching activity estimation using limited depth reconvergent path analysis

We describe a method of polynomial simulation to calculate switching activities in a general-delay combinational logic circuit. This method is a generalization of the exact signal probability evaluation method due to Parker and McCluskey, which as been extended to handle temporal correlation and arbitrary transport delays. Our method is parameterized by a single parameter l, which determines the speed-accuracy tradeoff. l indicates the depth in terms of logic levels over which spatial signal correlation is taken into account. This is done by only taking into account reconvergent paths whose length is at most l. The rationale is that ignoring spatial correlation for signals that reconverge after many levels of logic introduces negligible error. We present results that show that the error in the switching activity and power estimates is very small even for small values of l. In fact, for most of the examples we tried, power estimates with l=1 are within 5% of the exact. However, this error can be higher than 20% for some examples, More robust estimates are obtained with l=2, providing a good compromise between speed and accuracy.
Factors influencing acculturative stress among international students in the United States

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing acculturative stress among international students from the international student perspective. This study explored how acculturative stressors, social support and stress are related. In addition the study examined the significant socio-cultural and demographic predictors of acculturative stress. The Berry’s acculturation stress research framework and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective were used to guide this study. Data was collected using an online survey from international students across a cohort of eleven U.S universities. Of the 986 students who took the survey, only complete data from 606 students were included in the current study. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to summarize and test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicated that students who were experiencing increased levels of difficulty with the acculturative stressors were more likely to experience higher levels of stress. In addition international students who reported high levels of collective social support were more likely to display less impact of acculturative stressors on acculturative stress. However, the unique moderating influences of various types of social support (family, friends and important others) on the relationship between acculturative stressor and stress was not supported. The findings on the socio-cultural and demographic predictors of acculturative stress suggested that using the assimilation mode and identifying marital status in the “others” category was indicative of lower stress. Lower income and self identified lower social class prior and during acculturation were predictive of higher acculturative stress levels. Findings highlight the fundamental role of the international student’s social context and its impact on his/her acculturation process and outcomes. The findings have implications for professionals and scholars who work with international students in practice, education and policy. Suggestions for future research are also included. FACTORS INFLUENCING ACCULTURATIVE STRESS AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in endomyocardial biopsy specimens in individuals with recent‐onset dilated cardiomyopathy

Recent studies in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have detected the genome of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (BBSL) in endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) specimens using a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), suggesting a causal link between Lyme disease and DCM in areas in which Lyme disease is endemic. We aimed to study this relationship using a comprehensive molecular analysis detecting BBSL in EMB samples.
Psikolojik Sağlamlığın Yordayıcısı Olarak Affedicilik/Forgiveness as Predictor of Psychological Resiliency

Bu calismanin amaci, universite ogrencilerinin affedicilik ve psikolojik saglamlik ozellikleri arasindaki iliskiyi incelemektir. Pamukkale Universitesinin cesitli fakultelerinde ogrenim goren 368 ogrenci (264 kadin 104 erkek) calisma grubunu olusturmaktadir. Veriler Heartland Affedicilik Olcegi ve Psikolojik Saglamlik Olcegi araciligiyla toplanmistir. Veriler korelasyon ve adimsal regresyon analizi ile incelenmistir. Bulgulara gore ogrencilerin psikolojik saglamlik duzeyleri ile affedicilik ozellikleri arasinda olumlu iliski oldugu gorulmustur. Psikolojik saglamligin, durumsal, kendine ve digerlerine yonelik affediciligin alt boyutlari tarafindan yordandigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Bulgular alan yazin isiginda tartisilmis ve oneriler sunulmustur