Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Spectral–Spatial Classification Framework Based on Attribute Profiles and Supervised Feature Extraction

A robust framework for the classification of hyperspectral images which takes into account both spectral and spatial information is proposed. The extended multivariate attribute profile (EMAP) is used for extracting spatial information. Moreover, for solving the so-called curse of dimensionality, supervised feature extraction is carried out on both the original hyperspectral data and the output of the EMAP. After performing the dimensionality reduction, two output vectors of the original data and attributes are concatenated into one stacked vector. The final classification map is achieved by using a random-forest classifier. The main difficulties of using an EMAP is to initialize the attribute parameters. Therefore, a fully automatic scheme of the proposed method is introduced to overcome the shortcomings of using EMAP. The proposed method is tested on two widely known data sets. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method provides an accurate classification map in an acceptable CPU processing time.
The human potential of a recombinant pandemic influenza vaccine produced in tobacco plants

Rapid production of influenza vaccine antigen is an important challenge when a new pandemic occurs. Production of recombinant antigens in plants is a quick, cost effective and up scalable new strategy for influenza vaccine production. In this study, we have characterized a recombinant influenza haemagglutinin antigen (HAC1) that was derived from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1) virus and expressed in tobacco plants. Volunteers vaccinated with the 2009 pdmH1N1 oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccine provided serum and lymphocyte samples that were used to study the immunogenic properties of the HAC1 antigen in vitro. By 7 d post vaccination, the vaccine fulfilled the licensing criteria for antibody responses to the HA detected by haemagglutination inhibition and single radial hemolysis. By ELISA and ELISPOT analysis we showed that HAC1 was recognized by specific serum antibodies and antibody secreting cells, respectively. We conducted a kinetic analysis and found a peak of serum HAC1 specific antibody response between day 14 and 21 post vaccination by ELISA. We also detected elevated production of IL-2 and IFNγ and low frequencies of CD4+ T cells producing single or multiple Th1 cytokines after stimulating PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) with the HAC1 antigen in vitro. This indicates that the antigen can interact with T cells, although confirming that an effective adjuvant would be required to improve the T-cell stimulation of plant based vaccines. We conclude that the tobacco derived recombinant HAC1 antigen is a promising vaccine candidate recognized by both B and T cells.
Cold-cavity lasing spectra and thresholds of two optically coupled microresonators with whispering gallery modes

Any laser is a complicated electron device governed by joint action of the transport of carriers, stimulated emission of photons, heating, and optical field confinement. To respond a challenge of comprehensive modeling of semiconductor laser, one needs full account of all these mechanisms. However, a reasonable reduction of complexity of the analysis can be achieved within so-called “cold-cavity” problem viewing optical modes as solutions to electromagnetic theory equations with appropriate boundary conditions.
Maximum-likelihood symbol synchronization for IEEE 802.11a WLANs in unknown frequency-selective fading channels

Based on the maximum-likelihood principle and the preamble structure of IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network (WLAN) standard, this paper proposes a new symbol synchronization algorithm for IEEE 802.11a WLANs over frequency-selective fading channels. In addition to the physical channel, the effects of filtering and unknown sampling phase offset are also considered. Loss in system performance due to synchronization error is used as a performance criterion. Computer simulations show that the proposed algorithm exhibits better performances than the simple correlation-based algorithms. When compared to the algorithm based on the generalized Akaike information criterion, the proposed algorithm presents comparable performance and exhibits reduced complexity.
Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies

Background 1. Definitions: o Hypertensive emergency: acute, life-threatening blood pressure (BP) elevations, usually >180/120 mmHg, with evidence of end-organ damage o Severe asymptomatic hypertension: severe BP elevation not accompanied by end-organ damage 2. Hypertensive emergencies include two clinical syndromes: o Malignant hypertension: retinal manifestations (hemorrhages, papilledema, exudates), renal nephrosclerosis o Hypertensive encephalopathy: cerebral hyperperfusion and edema. 3. Severe asymptomatic hypertension includes two clinical syndromes: o Hypertensive urgency: Severe asymptomatic hypertension with risk factors for impending end-organ dysfunction (e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, history of myocardial infarction) o Severe uncontrolled hypertension: No risk factors
Modulation of MnSOD in Cancer:Epidemiological and Experimental Evidence

Since it was first observed in late 1970s that human cancers often had decreased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protein expression and activity, extensive studies have been conducted to verify the association between MnSOD and cancer. Significance of MnSOD as a primary mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme is unquestionable; results from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies are in harmony. On the contrary, studies regarding roles of MnSOD in cancer often report conflicting results. Although putative mechanisms have been proposed to explain how MnSOD regulates cellular proliferation, these mechanisms are not capitulated in epidemiological studies. This review discusses most recent epidemiological and experimental studies that examined the association between MnSOD and cancer, and describes emerging hypotheses of MnSOD as a mitochondrial redox regulatory enzyme and of how altered mitochondrial redox may affect physiology of normal as well as cancer cells.
Parathyroid invasion, nodal recurrence, and lung metastasis by papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Aims: Parathyroid invasion by papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is found in a small proportion of surgical specimens, but the clinicopathological relevance of this phenomenon is not well understood. This study investigated the possible prognostic relevance of parathyroid invasion in PTC. Method: Parathyroid involvement was seen in 14 patients with PTC, and the clinicopathological characteristics and follow up data of these patients were analysed and compared with 164 patients without parathyroid involvement, in whom histological parathyroid examination had been undertaken, and 177 other patients without parathyroid examination (341 patients without parathyroid involvement in total). Results: Parathyroid invasion was found in older patients and there were more male patients in this group than in those without parathyroid invasion. These patients had more extrathyroid extension and were frequently in an advanced stage of disease. Lung metastasis was seen in two of the 14 patients, which was significantly more than that seen in control cases. Moreover, male patients with parathyroid invasion and those who were older than 55 years had reduced disease free survival compared with those without parathyroid invasion. Conclusion: Parathyroid invasion seen in thyroid carcinoma may be an important histological feature indicating a greater chance of nodal recurrence and lung metastasis.
Nanocrystalline perovskite-like oxides formation in Ln 2O 3 - Fe 2O 3 - h 2O (Ln = La, Gd) systems

Nanocrystalline LnFeO3 (Ln = La, Gd) ferrites have been prepared by the co-precipitation method followed by heat treatment in air. The formation mechanisms for LaFeO3 and GdFeO3 in Ln2O3 – Fe2O3 – H2O (Ln = La, Gd) systems under the mentioned conditions are investigated. The phase interaction scheme, reflecting ways which lead to the target, synthesis product yield, as well as the common tendency of LaFeO3 and GdFeO3 formation mechanisms, are constructed. The mean sizes of coherent scattering regions of LaFeO3 and GdFeO3 were determined to be 30±3 and 40±4 nm, respectively.
Effect of Al and Ti addition on performance of stainless steel 310 in supercritical water

In this study, standard stainless steel 310, modified 310 with Al and Ti and aluminised 310 were tested in supercritical water (SCW) at 500°C for 1555 h. Weight change measurement and microstructure analysis were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behaviour of these alloys and surface oxide formation in SCW. After 1555 h of SCW exposure, all modified and aluminised samples showed higher weight gain than 310, although weight loss commenced after 887 h for the aluminised samples. Al addition contributed to more surface spinel formation while Ti reduced spinel on the surface and helped form more uniform and dense surface oxide structure. In addition to higher weight gain and subsequent weight loss, aluminised samples also suffered from surface cracking, suggesting that high Al and low Cr surface content is not beneficial for SCW application.
Role of diabetes mellitus in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The possibility that diabetes mellitus, a common condition in many populations, may increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been raised in a number of cohort and case– control studies(1–12). In particular, this hypothesis received strong support from two large population-based cohort studies, one undertaken in Sweden (13) and the other in Denmark(14). Although most of the studies were methodologically adequate, few directly adjusted for tobacco smoking and alcohol intake; moreover, in none, to our knowledge, were the results specifically controlled for serologic indication of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We have completed in Athens, Greece, a large case–control study of HCC in which information on medical history and life-style variables has been collected and chronic infection with HBV and/or HCV has been assessed. Details of the study were published previously (15,16). Briefly, during the period from January 1995 through December 1998, a total of 374 patients with incident HCC were admitted to one of three teaching hospitals in Athens; 333 (89%) of these patients with confirmed disease participated in the study. A total of 385 control subjects were identified from among patients who were hospitalized for eye, ear, nose, or throat conditions or for injuries and who had no history of cancer and no liver damage. Twenty-five (6%) of these patients refused to participate, which left 360 control subjects who were included in the analysis. The control subjects were generally matched with the case subjects by sex and age (±5 years). The mean age was the same (64.0 years) in both the HCC case subjects and the control subjects; 50 (15.0%) of the case subjects and 62 (17.2%) of the control subjects were female. The study protocol was approved by the University of Athens Medical School Committee of Ethics and Research. All case and control subjects were interviewed in the hospital by use of a standardized questionnaire. A diagnosis of diabetes mellitus at least 1 year before
Multiple‐bias modelling for analysis of observational data

Summary. Conventional analytic results do not reflect any source of uncertainty other than random error, and as a result readers must rely on informal judgments regarding the effect of possible biases. When standard errors are small these judgments often fail to capture sources of uncertainty and their interactions adequately. Multiple‐bias models provide alternatives that allow one systematically to integrate major sources of uncertainty, and thus to provide better input to research planning and policy analysis. Typically, the bias parameters in the model are not identified by the analysis data and so the results depend completely on priors for those parameters. A Bayesian analysis is then natural, but several alternatives based on sensitivity analysis have appeared in the risk assessment and epidemiologic literature. Under some circumstances these methods approximate a Bayesian analysis and can be modified to do so even better. These points are illustrated with a pooled analysis of case–control studies of residential magnetic field exposure and childhood leukaemia, which highlights the diminishing value of conventional studies conducted after the early 1990s. It is argued that multiple‐bias modelling should become part of the core training of anyone who will be entrusted with the analysis of observational data, and should become standard procedure when random error is not the only important source of uncertainty (as in meta‐analysis and pooled analysis).
Correlate of immune protection against HSV-1 genital disease in vaccinated women.

BACKGROUND Previously we conducted a double-blind controlled, randomized efficacy field trial of gD-2 HSV vaccine adjuvanted with ASO4 in 8323 women. Subjects had been previously selected to be seronegative for HSV-1 and HSV-2. We found that vaccine was 82% protective against HSV-1 genital disease, but offered no significant protection against HSV-2 genital disease. METHODS To better understand the results of the efficacy study, post-vaccination anti-gD-2 antibody concentrations from all HSV infected subjects and matched uninfected controls were measured. Three models were used to determine whether thes responses correlated with protection against HSV infection or disease. Similarly, cellular immune responses from a subset of subjects and matched controls were evaluated for a correlation with HSV protection. RESULTS Antibodies to gD-2 correlated with protection against HSV-1 infection with higher antibody concentration associated with higher efficacy. Cellular immune responses to gD-2 did not correlate with protection. CONCLUSIONS The protection against HSV-1 infection observed in the Herpevac Trial for Women was associated with antibodies directed against the vaccine. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00057330.
Iterative decoding on graphs with a single cycle

It is now understood that the turbo decoding algorithm is an instance of a probability propagation algorithm (PPA) on a graph with many cycles. In this paper we investigate the behavior of an PPA in graphs with a single cycle such as the graph of a tail-biting code. First, we show that for strictly positive local kernels, the iterations of the PPA converge to a unique fixed point, (which was also observed by Anderson and Hladik (1998) and Weiss (1997)). Secondly, we shall generalize a result of McEliece and Rodemich (1995), by showing that if the hidden variables in the cycle are binary-valued, the PPA will always make an optimal decision. (This was also observed independently by Weiss). When the hidden variables can assume 3 or more values, the behavior of the PPA is much harder to characterize.
OUTSOURCING WITHIN A SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

The study focuses on the analysis of the outsourcing process, by identifying the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing, analysing the collaborative buyer-seller relationship, the outsourcing lifecycle process but also determining the influence factors on the outsourcing success or failure. The purpose of this paper is to present the outsourcing concept within a Supply Chain Management framework. The undertaken research used the methodology of bibliographic study and qualitative research using various secondary sources. It is shown that more big companies appeal to outsourcing as an efficient technique to gain competitive advantage. They entrust part of their activities to other companies in order to focus on their core activities. Positive aspects but also negative aspects of outsourcing are highlighted in order to expose the success of this process but also the dangers that can appea.r
Some Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Briquettes of White Afara (Terminalia superba) Sawdust and Organic Binders

Some engineering characteristics of briquettes produced from white afara (Terminalia superba) sawdust and binder agents (phytoplankton scum, banana peel, yam peels and cassava peels) at different binder ratio (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by weight of each feedstock) and at compaction pressure of 15 MPa was investigated. As the binder ratio increased from 10.0 to 50.0%, the bulk density increased from 103.87 to 159.48 kg/m 3 for phytoplankton, 117.61 to 178.32 kg/m 3 for banana peels, 126.04 to 185.62 kg/m 3 for yam and 130.43 to 198.51 kg/m 3 for cassava peels. The compressed density, relaxed density, compressive strength, compaction ratio, relaxation ratio and shattering index of briquettes increased with increase in binder ratio from 10.0 to 50.0%. The cassava peels bonded briquettes had the best physical and mechanical characteristics qualities compared with other biomass bonded briquettes.
Developmental Modulation of Retinal Wave Dynamics: Shedding Light on the GABA Saga

Embryonic spontaneous activity, in the form of propagating waves, is crucial for refining visual connections. To study what aspects of this correlated activity are instructive, we must first understand how their dynamics change with development and what factors trigger their disappearance after birth. Here we report that in the turtle retina, GABA, rather than glutamate and acetylcholine, influences developmental changes in wave dynamics. Using calcium imaging of the ganglion cell layer, we report how waves switch from fast and broad, when they emerge, to slow and narrow a few days before hatching, coinciding with the emergence of excitatory GABAA receptor-mediated activity. Around hatching, waves gradually become stationary patches, whereas GABAA shifts from excitatory to inhibitory, coinciding with the upregulation of the cotransporter KCC2, suggesting that changes in intracellular chloride underlie the shift. Dark-rearing from hatching causes correlated spontaneous activity to persist, whereas GABAA responses remain excitatory, and KCC2 expression is weaker. We conclude that GABA plays an important regulatory role during the maturation of retinal neural activity. Using a simple and elegant mechanism, namely the switch from excitatory to inhibitory, GABAA receptor-mediated activity is necessary and sufficient to cause retinal waves to stop propagating, ultimately leading to the disappearance of correlated spontaneous activity. Moreover, our results suggest that visual experience modulates the GABAergic switch.
Talent Circle Detection in Job Transition Networks

With the high mobility of talent, it becomes critical for the recruitment team to find the right talent from the right source in an efficient manner. The prevalence of Online Professional Networks (OPNs), such as LinkedIn, enables the new paradigm for talent recruitment and job search. However, the dynamic and complex nature of such talent information imposes significant challenges to identify prospective talent sources from large-scale professional networks. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to create a job transition network where vertices stand for organizations and a directed edge represents the talent flow between two organizations for a time period. By analyzing this job transition network, it is able to extract talent circles in a way such that every circle includes the organizations with similar talent exchange patterns. Then, the characteristics of these talent circles can be used for talent recruitment and job search. To this end, we develop a talent circle detection model and design the corresponding learning method by maximizing the Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) of inferred probability for the edge existence based on edge weights. Then, the identified circles will be labeled by the representative organizations as well as keywords in job descriptions. Moreover, based on these identified circles, we develop a talent exchange prediction method for talent recommendation. Finally, we have performed extensive experiments on real-world data. The results show that, our method can achieve much higher modularity when comparing to the benchmark approaches, as well as high precision and recall for talent exchange prediction.
Karp–Sipser on Random Graphs with a Fixed Degree Sequence

Let Δ ≥ 3 be an integer. Given a fixed z ∈ +Δ such that zΔ > 0, we consider a graph Gz drawn uniformly at random from the collection of graphs with zin vertices of degree i for i = 1,. ,Δ. We study the performance of the Karp–Sipser algorithm when applied to Gz. If there is an index δ > 1 such that z1 = . = zδ−1 = 0 and δzδ,. ,ΔzΔ is a log-concave sequence of positive reals, then with high probability the Karp–Sipser algorithm succeeds in finding a matching with n ∥ z ∥ 1/2 − o(n1−ε) edges in Gz, where ε = ε (Δ, z) is a constant.
PEMANFAATAN FERMENTASI REBUNG UNTUK BAHAN SUPLEMEN PANGAN DAN TEPUNG SERAT

One of the solutions to fulfill the food sustainability is diversification of local food. One of the local food that potential to be used and processed is bamboo shoots. In South Kalimantan, the potential of bamboo as a producer of bamboo shoot plants with an estimated total area of 2158 hectares with a potential of 6 million stems. To increase the value and health of bamboo shoots can be made with fermentation. Fermentation is done by two methods, enzimatic fermentation and spontaneous fermentation. The results of the highest crude fiber obtained in spontaneous fermentation of bamboo shoots Haur 44.46% while the highest starch content present in fermented bamboo shoots Paring stater of 13.91%. Metal content, everything is still fulfill the quality standard. Flour bamboo shoots can be used as food supplements or raw materials of fiber flour. Keywords : bamboo shoots , fermentation, fiber flour
The Association of Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype with Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Sex Difference: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Chinese Elderly Population

Background: The primary objective of this study was to explore the association of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its sex difference in an urban Chinese elderly population. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 2102 participants aged 60–95 years were recruited and classified into four phenotypes: normal waist-normal triglyceride (NWNT), normal waist-elevated triglycerides (NWET), elevated waist-normal triglycerides (EWNT), and HTGW. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations of interest. Results: Total prevalence of CKD was 12.6%, and the CKD prevalence in participants with EWNT and HTGW was higher than with NWNT and NWET without regard to sex. Compared to NWNT phenotype, the adjusted OR for CKD was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.32–2.88) in HTGW groups. In contrast with the null findings (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 0.94–2.94) in women after additional adjustment for diabetes and hypertension, the OR with HTGW remained strong (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04–3.39) in men. Similar findings appeared with the EWNT phenotype. Conclusions: The HTGW phenotype is positively associated with CKD among Chinese community elderly and may have a greater impact on men. More attention should be paid to the association between triglycerides and waist circumference in clinical practice and to the further identification this uncertain sex-related association.