Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More than a linguistic reference: The influence of corpus technology on L2 academic writing

Hyunsook Yoon Dongguk University, Korea This paper reports on a qualitative study that investigated the changes in students’ writing process associated with corpus use over an extended period of time. The primary purpose of this study was to examine how corpus technology affects students’ development of competence as second language (L2) writers. The research was mainly based on case studies with six L2 writers in an English for Academic Purposes writing course. The findings revealed that corpus use not only had an immediate effect by helping the students solve immediate writing/language problems, but also promoted their perceptions of lexicogrammar and language awareness. Once the corpus approach was introduced to the writing process, the students assumed more responsibility for their writing and became more independent writers, and their confidence in writing increased. This study identified a wide variety of individual experiences and learning contexts that were involved in deciding the levels of the students’ willingness and success in using corpora. This paper also discusses the distinctive contributions of general corpora to English for Academic Purposes and the importance of lexical and grammatical aspects in L2 writing pedagogy.
Perceptions and Practices of Pre-School Through Eighth-Grade Christian School International Administrators in the Selection Process of Teachers

Principals are the primary influencers in the teacher selection process. They have the opportunity to improve the quality their school each time a teacher vacancy occurs through the process of determining of their school’s need, recruiting candidates who might be a good match, and selecting what they hope will be a highly effective teacher. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare existing perceptions and practices that preschool through eighth-grade principals hold to during the teacher selection process. Specific characteristics of principals and the schools they serve were analyzed by the dimensions of a candidate’s personal traits, professional abilities, and aptitude to teach Christianly. The entire population of preschool through eighth-grade administrators whose schools are members of Christian Schools International were asked to participate in the study. One hundred and eighty-three administrators, 51.4% of the population, responded to a researcher-developed survey. Respondents were asked to rate their degree of importance to the most frequently cited personal traits, professional abilities, and ways to measure candidates’ aptitude to teach Christianly as identified in the review of the literature. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including means, standard deviations, t tests, oneway analyses of variance, and multiple linear regressions. Analysis of the data revealed that administrators rated the interview as the most important procedure in the teacher selection process. Administrators identified enthusiasm and respect as the most important personal traits. A candidate’s ability to engage students in learning as well as establish a culture for learning were identified as the most important professional abilities. A candidate’s ability to demonstrate their personal faith as well as model a Christian lifestyle were identified as the most important ways to measure the candidate’s aptitude to teach Christianly. Of the administrators’ characteristics analyzed, age was identified as the only significant predictor in the dimensions of the teacher selection process. Finally, a strong positive relationship was found between personal traits, professional abilities, and the aptitude to teach Christianly.
A new dynamic strategy of Recurrent Neural Network

Recurrent Neural Networks are widely used in many applications that need to store and update context information. The number of recurrent cycle is very important to many tasks in terms of accuracy and computation time. In this paper, a dynamic strategy is extended to Recurrent Internal Symmetry Neural Network, and Back Propagation is trained for image segmentation tasks.
Towards a re-interpretation of the economics of feasible socialism

This paper re-examines the debate on whether socialism is feasible from the perspective of the literature on the division of labour and organisational forms. The central argument is twofold. First, each of the major protagonists in the debate provide a partial explanation as to when market socialism, planned socialism and participatory socialism are feasible. Second, the different perspectives on when socialism is feasible can be reconciled through seeing the arguments in terms of specific techno-economic paradigms, which are underpinned by their own concepts of the division of labour and efficiency attributes. The authors show that theories on the economics of socialism reflect different techno-economic paradigms and that when, and whether, the various views on socialism are appropriate depend on the prevailing external conditions, economic growth path and mode of institutional arrangement. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Neutrino Detection with the Surface Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory has the capability of detecting neutrino-induced extensive air showers by searching for very inclined showers with a significant electromagnetic component. In order to study the detector response of the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Monte Carlo simulations of up-going and down-going neutrino showers for all flavors were performed. A set of relevant observables were determined to discriminate these showers from the background of very inclined hadronic showers and the identification efficiency was studied. The acceptance and the expected event rates, based on the assumption of the incoming neutrino flux, were finally calculated.
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

1. Grievances related to admissions, prospectus and other allied issues 2. Grievances related to schedule and conduct of examinations, evaluation practices and other allied issues 3. Grievance related to academics and other allied issues 4. Grievances related to scholarships, documents, certificates, degrees and other allied issues 5. Grievances related to payment of fees and charges etc. 6. Grievances related to discrimination, sexual harassment and victimization etc.
The resistive and elastic work of breathing during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure

Patients with heart failure (HF) display numerous derangements in ventilatory function, which together serve to increase the work of breathing (Wb) during exercise. However, the extent to which the resistive and elastic properties of the respiratory system contribute to the higher Wb in these patients is unknown. We quantified the resistive and elastic Wb in patients with stable HF (n=9; New York Heart Association functional class I–II) and healthy control subjects (n=9) at standardised levels of minute ventilation (V′E) during graded exercise. Dynamic lung compliance was systematically lower for a given level of V′E in HF patients than controls (p<0.05). HF patients displayed slightly higher levels of inspiratory elastic Wb with greater amounts of ventilatory constraint and resistive Wb than control subjects during exercise (p<0.05). Our data indicates that the higher Wb in HF patients is primarily due to a greater resistive, rather than elastic, load to breathing. The greater resistive Wb in these patients probably reflects an increased hysteresivity of the airways and lung tissues. The marginally higher inspiratory elastic Wb observed in HF patients appears related to a combined decrease in the compliances of the lungs and chest wall. The clinical and physiological implications of our findings are discussed.
Childhood tuberculosis: a concern of the modern world

As childhood tuberculosis (TB) reflects recent transmission, its burden provides an accurate measure of the level of TB control achieved in a particular community. Moreover, infected children represent the main reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as potential future cases. However, childhood TB is neglected by scientists, policy makers, healthcare professionals and product developers [1]. Moreover, the interests of individual patients and public health may be conflicting. As children are considered in the majority of cases as noncontagious, asymptomatic disease is frequently ignored [2]. This is why, in 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a roadmap aiming to achieve zero deaths due to childhood TB by 2025 [3]. This article aims to highlight the underestimated reality of childhood TB, emphasising improved diagnosis possibilities and new treatment modalities, and advocating for dedicated paediatric operational research and clinical trials. Active scanning of the recent literature using the keywords: “children tuberculosis”, “latent tuberculosis infection”, “new diagnosis tools” and “treatment modalities” was performed using PubMed and EMBASE. In addition, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease publications were screened and WHO policy and guidance documents on TB were obtained from the WHO website (http://www.who.int). Each year, more than 74 000 children die from TB [3]. Exposure to an adult with pulmonary TB was reported to increase mortality by 70% in children under 5 years of age in high-burden settings and by eight-fold when the mother had TB [4]. The global burden of childhood TB is under-reported due to paucibacillary disease and the difficulty of confirming the diagnosis. In China, the prevalence rates for bacteriologically positive pulmonary TB and smear-positive cases were eight and 13 times less than the clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB rate, respectively [5]. TB disease and latent TB infection …
Inter-Domain Path Computation with Multiple Constraints

The interest for providing services with performance guarantees across domain boundaries has driven recent technical solutions allowing the computation of constrained inter-domain paths. The computation of optimal paths subject to multiple constraints is an NP-complete problem for which efficient exact solutions exist in the intra-domain case. However, these solutions cannot be used for inter-domain path computations, because of confidentiality and scalability constraints. Thus, the present paper investigates the problem of computing inter-domain paths subject to multiple constraints. We describe the information exchanges required between the domains for optimal computations. We extend existing algorithms for inter-domain computations, and describe new heuristics approximating exact solutions. We propose an exact solution, named pID-MCP, allowing the precomputation of path segments in the domains. After proving the correctness and the complexity of exact solutions, we evaluate by simulation the performance of the algorithms and the heuristics proposed. Our solutions allow the computation of inter-domain paths subject to multiple constraints without breaking the confidentiality constraints of the domains. Moreover, the heuristics can be used in large-scale networks. Key-words: Inter-domain routing, multi-constrained path computation
Redefining the Syllabus : An Investigation Into Whether Syllabuses Can Meet Learners ’ Linguistic and Social Needs

ELT is most commonly seen as an educational practice, with internal debates focusing, for example, on the method, syllabus, content, and materials of teaching. However, a wealth of literature convincingly argues that ELT should also be considered within a wider social (and ethical) perspective that of its development as a global profitmaking industry within an unequal capitalist world-economy, and its use as a tool of government policies . It is therefore an issue from which power and political interest cannot be removed.
Magnetically Driven Jets in the Kerr Metric

We compute a series of three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accretion flows in the Kerr metric and investigate the properties of the resulting unbound outflows. The strength of the outflows increases sharply with increasing black hole rotation rate. Several generic features are observed. The mass in the outflow in concentrated in a hollow cone whose opening angle is largely determined by the effective potential for matter with specific angular momentum comparable to that of the innnermost stable circular orbit. The pressure in the accretion disk's corona provides the dominant force accelerating the matter outward. The principle element shaping the outflow is therefore the centrifugal barrier preventing accreting matter from coming close to the rotation axis. The funnel inside the centrifugal barrier contains very little matter and is dominated by electromagnetic fields that rotate at a rate tied closely to the rotation of the black hole, even when the black hole spins in a sense opposite to the rotation of the accretion flow. These fields carry an outward-going Poynting flux whose immediate energy source is the rotating spacetime of the Kerr black hole. When the spin parameter a/M of the black hole exceeds ≃0.9, the energy carried to infinity by these outflows can be comparable to the nominal radiative efficiency predicted in the Novikov-Thorne model. Similarly, the expelled angular momentum can be comparable to that accreted by the black hole. Both the electromagnetic and the matter outflows contribute significantly to the energy and angular momentum of the outflow.
On the Exact Analytic Expressions for the Equitemporal Surfaces in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

We have recently shown that marked differences exist between the equitemporal surfaces (EQTSs) for the gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows numerically computed by the full integration of the equations of motion and the ones found in the current literature expressed analytically on the grounds of various approximations. In this Letter, the exact analytic expressions of the EQTSs are presented both in the case of fully radiative and adiabatic regimes. The new EQTS analytic solutions validate the numerical results recently obtained by Bianco & Ruffini and offer a powerful tool to analytically perform the estimates of the physical observables in GRB afterglows.
Why RLC Realizations of Certain Impedances Need Many More Energy Storage Elements Than Expected

It is a significant and longstanding puzzle that the resistor, inductor, and capacitor (RLC) networks obtained by the established RLC realization procedures appear highly nonminimal from the perspective of the linear systems theory. Specifically, each of these networks contains significantly more energy storage elements than the McMillan degree of its impedance, and possesses a nonminimal state-space representation whose states correspond to the inductor currents and capacitor voltages. Despite this apparent nonminimality, there have been no improved algorithms since the 1950s, with the concurrent discovery by Reza, Pantell, Fialkow, and Gerst of a class of networks (the RPFG networks), which are a slight simplification of the Bott–Duffin networks. Each RPFG network contains more than twice as many energy storage elements as the McMillan degree of its impedance, yet it has never been established if all of these energy storage elements are necessary. In this paper, we present some newly discovered alternatives to the RPFG networks. We then prove that the RPFG networks, and these newly discovered networks, contain the least possible number of energy storage elements for realizing certain positive-real functions. In other words, all RLC networks that realize certain impedances contain more than twice the expected number (McMillan degree) of energy storage elements.
Blowing up Kähler manifolds with constant scalar curvature, II

In this paper we prove the existence of Kahler metrics of constant scalar curvature on the blow up at finitely many points of a compact manifold that already carries a constant scalar curvature Kahler metric. In the case where the manifold has nontrivial holomorphic vector fields with zeros, we give necessary conditions on the number and locations of the blow up points for the blow up to carry constant scalar curvature Kahler metrics.
Accumulated Visual Representation for Cognitive Vision

In this paper we present a scheme for accumulating local visual information in 3D, under known motion. Information about the object’s 3D shape is provided by reconstructing local contour descriptors. This shape information is accumulated over time in three ways: 1) disambiguation: erroneous stereo correspondences that are unsuccessfully tracked are discarded. We make use of aspect cues to increase the data association selectivity. 2) correction: the full pose of the reconstructed features is corrected over time using an Kalman Filter approach. 3) completeness: multiple 2 1 2 D representations become merged, constructing a full 3D representation of the object. The described system is evaluated quantitatively on three different scenarios.
Facial expressions recognition based on convolutional neural networks for mobile virtual reality

We present a new system designed for enabling direct face-to-face interaction for users wearing a head-mounted displays (HMD) in virtual reality environment. Due to HMD's occlusion of a user's face, VR applications and games are mainly designed for single user. Even in some multi-player games, players can only communicate with each other using audio input devices or controllers. To address this problem, we develop a novel system that allows users to interact with each other using facial expressions in real-time. Our system consists of two major components: an automatic tracking and segmenting face processing component and a facial expressions recognizing component based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). First, our system tracks a specific marker on the front surface of the HMD and then uses the extracted spatial data to estimate face positions and rotations for mouth segmentation. At last, with the help of an adaptive approach for histogram based mouth segmentation [Panning et al. 2009], our system passes the processed lips pixels' information to CNN and get the facial expressions results in real-time. The results of our experiments show that our system can effectively recognize the basic expressions of users.
Role of Glutathione in Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance

Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in a multitude of cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and disturbances in GSH homeostasis are involved in the etiology and progression of many human diseases including cancer. While GSH deficiency, or a decrease in the GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio, leads to an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress implicated in the progression of cancer, elevated GSH levels increase the antioxidant capacity and the resistance to oxidative stress as observed in many cancer cells. The present review highlights the role of GSH and related cytoprotective effects in the susceptibility to carcinogenesis and in the sensitivity of tumors to the cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents.
A real-time automated system for the recognition of human facial expressions

A fully automated, multistage system for real-time recognition of facial expression is presented. The system uses facial motion to characterize monochrome frontal views of facial expressions and is able to operate effectively in cluttered and dynamic scenes, recognizing the six emotions universally associated with unique facial expressions, namely happiness, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear, and anger. Faces are located using a spatial ratio template tracker algorithm. Optical flow of the face is subsequently determined using a real-time implementation of a robust gradient model. The expression recognition system then averages facial velocity information over identified regions of the face and cancels out rigid head motion by taking ratios of this averaged motion. The motion signatures produced are then classified using Support Vector Machines as either nonexpressive or as one of the six basic emotions. The completed system is demonstrated in two simple affective computing applications that respond in real-time to the facial expressions of the user, thereby providing the potential for improvements in the interaction between a computer user and technology.
Neuroligin-2 Deletion Selectively Decreases Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission Originating from Fast-Spiking but Not from Somatostatin-Positive Interneurons

Neuroligins are cell adhesion molecules involved in synapse formation and/or function. Neurons express four neuroligins (NL1–NL4), of which NL1 is specific to excitatory and NL2 to inhibitory synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory synapses include numerous subtypes. However, it is unknown whether NL1 performs similar functions in all excitatory and NL2 in all inhibitory synapses, or whether they regulate the formation and/or function of specific subsets of synapses. To address this central question, we performed paired recordings in primary somatosensory cortex of mice lacking NL1 or NL2. Using this system, we examined neocortical microcircuits formed by reciprocal synapses between excitatory neurons and two subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, namely, fast-spiking and somatostatin-positive interneurons. We find that the NL1 deletion had little effect on inhibitory synapses, whereas the NL2 deletion decreased (40–50%) the unitary (cell-to-cell) IPSC amplitude evoked from single fast-spiking interneurons. Strikingly, the NL2 deletion had no effect on IPSC amplitude evoked from single somatostatin-positive inhibitory interneurons. Moreover, the frequency of unitary synaptic connections between individual fast-spiking and somatostatin-positive interneurons and excitatory neurons was unchanged. The decrease in unitary IPSC amplitude originating from fast-spiking interneurons in NL2-deficient mice was due to a multiplicative and uniform downscaling of the amplitude distribution, which in turn was mediated by a decrease in both synaptic quantal amplitude and quantal content, the latter inferred from an increase in the coefficient of variation. Thus, NL2 is not necessary for establishing unitary inhibitory synaptic connections but is selectively required for “scaling up” unitary connections originating from a subset of interneurons.
Inflation-indexed securities : bonds, swaps and other derivatives

The global market for inflation-indexed securities has ballooned in recent years, and this trend is set to continue. This book examines the rationale behind issuance and investment decisions, and details the issues facing anyone who designs indexed securities, illustrating them wherever possible with actual examples from the international capital markets. In particular, an extensive review of indexed debt markets throughout the world is provided including for the first time, a comprehensive and consistent set of cash flow and price-yield equations for the instruments already in existence in the major bond markets forming an important reference for those already experienced in the field, as well as practitioners and academics approaching the subject for the first time.