Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antagonists: Differential Clinical Effects by Different Biotechnological Molecules

Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have deeply changed the therapy of several inflammatory human diseases. For instance, clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis have profoundly benefited after the introduction of new therapeutic tools, such as antagonist of TNF-α molecule. These drugs include etanercept, a soluble TNF-α receptor antagonist, three anti-TNF-α antibodies, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab and certolizumab a humanized Fab fragment combined with polyethylene glycol. These compounds efficiently inhibit several TNF-α biological- mediated effects, however, they have also shown differential clinical efficacy in several trials from different autoimmune diseases. It is of clinical relevance that non-responders to one of these drugs often positively responded to another. Different mechanisms of action and diversity in pharmacokinetics of these three compounds may partially explain different clinical effects. However, partially diverse pathogentic mechanisms in different diseases also contribute to differential therapeutic responses. Therefore, these apparently homogeneous agents can not be considered equivalent in their clinically efficacy. Differential therapeutic actions of these drugs may be advantageously used in clinical practice and further improve the great potential of individual TNF-α inhibitors.
Learning Temporal Embeddings for Complex Video Analysis

In this paper, we propose to learn temporal embeddings of video frames for complex video analysis. Large quantities of unlabeled video data can be easily obtained from the Internet. These videos possess the implicit weak label that they are sequences of temporally and semantically coherent images. We leverage this information to learn temporal embeddings for video frames by associating frames with the temporal context that they appear in. To do this, we propose a scheme for incorporating temporal context based on past and future frames in videos, and compare this to other contextual representations. In addition, we show how data augmentation using multi-resolution samples and hard negatives helps to significantly improve the quality of the learned embeddings. We evaluate various design decisions for learning temporal embeddings, and show that our embeddings can improve performance for multiple video tasks such as retrieval, classification, and temporal order recovery in unconstrained Internet video.
A complexity-effective approach to ALU bandwidth enhancement for instruction-level temporal redundancy

Previous proposals for implementing instruction-level temporal redundancy in out-of-order cores have reported a performance degradation of up to 45% in certain applications compared to an execution which does not have any temporal redundancy. An important contributor to this problem is the insufficient number of ALUs for handling the amplified load injected into the core. At the same time, increasing the number of ALUs can increase the complexity of the issue logic, which has been pointed out to be one of the most timing critical components of the processor. This paper proposes a novel extension of a prior idea on instruction reuse to ease ALU bandwidth requirements in a complexity-effective way by exploiting certain interesting properties of a dual (temporally redundant) instruction stream. We present microarchitectural extensions necessary for implementing an instruction reuse buffer (IRB) and integrating this with the issue logic of a dual instruction stream superscalar core, and conduct extensive evaluations to demonstrate how well it can alleviate the ALU bandwidth problem. We show that on the average we can gain back nearly 50% of the IPC loss that occurred due to ALU bandwidth limitations for an instruction-level temporally redundant superscalar execution, and 23% of the overall IPC loss.
Controller Design for a Class of Nonlinear Systems Based on Fuzzy Hyperbolic Model

In this paper, a fuzzy hyperbolic Hinfin controller (FHC), for a class of nonlinear systems based on fuzzy hyperbolic model (FHM), is proposed. FHM is a universal approximator, and can be used to establish the model for unknown complex systems. Moreover, the main advantage of using FHM over T-S fuzzy model is that no premise structure identification is need and no completeness design of premise variables space is need. Also an FHM is a kind of valid global description and nonlinear model inherently. Firstly, an FHM is proposed to represent the state-space model for nonlinear systems. Secondly, considering the influence of approximation error and external disturbance, fuzzy hyperbolic Hinfin control scheme is addressed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Some free-weighting matrices are introduced to express the relationships among the system variables. The results are then easily extended to a system with polytopic-type uncertainties. Simulation research shows the validity of this control scheme
A Multi-Parameter Complexity Analysis of Cost-Optimal and Net-Benefit Planning

Aghighi and Bäckström have previously studied cost-optimal planning (COP) and net-benefit planning (NBP) for three action cost domains: the positive integers (Z_+), the non-negative integers (Z_0) and the positive rationals (Q_+). These were indistinguishable under standard complexity analysis for both problems, but separated for COP using parameterised complexity analysis. With the plan cost, k, as parameter, COP was W[2]-complete for Z_+, but para-NP-hard for both Z_0 and Q_+, i.e. presumably much harder. NBP was para-NP-hard for all three domains, thus remaining unseparable. We continue by considering combinations with several additional parameters and also the non-negative rationals (Q_0). Examples of new parameters are the plan length, l, and the largest denominator of the action costs, d. Our findings include: (1) COP remains W[2]-hard for all domains, even if combining all parameters; (2) COP for Z_0 is in W[2] for the combined parameter {k,l}; (3) COP for Q_+ is in W[2] for {k,d} and (4) COP for Q_0 is in W[2] for {k,d,l}. For NBP we consider further additional parameters, where the most crucial one for reducing complexity is the sum of variable utilities. Our results help to understand the previous results, eg. the separation between Z_+ and Q_+ for COP, and to refine the previous connections with empirical findings.
Detection of Helicobacter hepaticus in Human Bile Samples of Patients with Biliary Disease

Background: Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, various enterohepatic Helicobacter spices have been detected in the guts of humans and animals. Some enterohepatic Helicobacters have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease or liver disease in mice. However the association of these bacteria with human diseases remains unknown.
Joint Learning Templates and Slots for Event Schema Induction

Automatic event schema induction (AESI) means to extract meta-event from raw text, in other words, to find out what types (templates) of event may exist in the raw text and what roles (slots) may exist in each event type. In this paper, we propose a joint entity-driven model to learn templates and slots simultaneously based on the constraints of templates and slots in the same sentence. In addition, the entities' semantic information is also considered for the inner connectivity of the entities. We borrow the normalized cut criteria in image segmentation to divide the entities into more accurate template clusters and slot clusters. The experiment shows that our model gains a relatively higher result than previous work.
NO Synthase Blockade Induces Chaotic Cerebral Vasomotion via Activation of Thromboxane Receptors

Background and Purpose— Instability of the vascular tone (vasomotion) develops in several cerebrovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to characterize cerebral vasomotion induced by diminished NO production with quantitative evaluation and chaos analysis. We tested the hypothesis that activation of thromboxane receptors mediates chaotic vasomotion after NO synthase (NOS) inhibition. Methods— Measurements of vascular tension were carried out in isolated rat middle cerebral arteries. The extent of vasomotion was characterized by tension instability, whereas vasomotion complexity was assessed by chaos analysis. Results— Blocking the basal NO release by N&ohgr;-nitro-l-arginine (L-NA) induced vasomotion, which was further enhanced and became irregular after UTP administration. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside was able to reverse this effect, and stable steady-state conditions reappeared. The guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1 H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ) or coapplication of ODQ and L-NA had an effect identical to that of L-NA alone. Vasoconstriction by K+ failed to induce vasomotion in intact vessels or in the presence of L-NA or ODQ. The thromboxane receptor antagonist ICI 192605 dose-dependently attenuated the vasomotion induced by L-NA and UTP, and the thromboxane-receptor agonist U-46619 induced significant vasomotion in intact vessels. Conclusions — The lack of NO in cerebral vessels provokes vulnerability to chaotic vasomotion, which can be triggered by the administration of UTP, whereas excess NO reverses it to stable conditions. The vasomotion after blockade of the NO-cGMP pathway is mediated by activation of thromboxane receptors.
Two-bit correlation.

We examine simplified correlation through the use of binary data. For the sake of economy we represent the real input u(x) by one amplitude bit per pixel and the correlation filter by one phase bit per Fourier pixel. With such a crude representation of input and reference, it is possible indeed to obtain fairly good correlation results.
Mutations in the FASS gene uncouple pattern formation and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis development.

The pattern of cell division is very regular in Arabidopsis embryogenesis, enabling seedling structures to be traced back to groups of cells in the early embryo. Recessive mutations in the FASS gene alter the pattern of cell division from the zygote, without interfering with embryonic pattern formation: although no primordia of seedling structures can be recognised by morphological criteria at the early-heart stage, all elements of the body pattern are differentiated in the seedling. fass seedlings are strongly compressed in the apical-basal axis and enlarged circumferentially, notably in the hypocotyl. Depending on the width of the hypocotyl, fass seedlings may have up to three supernumerary cotyledons. fass mutants can develop into tiny adult plants with all parts, including floral organs, strongly compressed in their longitudinal axis. At the cellular level, fass mutations affect cell elongation and orientation of cell walls but do not interfere with cell polarity as evidenced by the unequal division of the zygote. The results suggest that the FASS gene is required for morphogenesis, i.e., oriented cell divisions and position-dependent cell shape changes generating body shape, but not for cell polarity which seems essential for pattern formation.
Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 That Efficiently Use CCR5 Lacking the Tyrosine-Sulfated Amino Terminus Have Adaptive Mutations in gp120, Including Loss of a Functional N-Glycan

ABSTRACT By selecting the R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain JR-CSF for efficient use of a CCR5 coreceptor with a badly damaged amino terminus [i.e., CCR5(Y14N)], we previously isolated variants that weakly utilize CCR5(Δ18), a low-affinity mutant lacking the normal tyrosine sulfate-containing amino-terminal region of the coreceptor. These previously isolated HIV-1JR-CSF variants contained adaptive mutations situated exclusively in the V3 loop of their gp120 envelope glycoproteins. We now have weaned the virus from all dependency on the CCR5 amino terminus by performing additional selections with HeLa-CD4 cells that express only a low concentration of CCR5(Δ18). The adapted variants had additional mutations in their V3 loops, as well as one in the V2 stem (S193N) and four alternative mutations in the V4 loop that eliminated the same N-linked oligosaccharide from position N403. Assays using pseudotyped viruses suggested that these new gp120 mutations all made strong contributions to use of CCR5(Δ18) by accelerating a rate-limiting CCR5-dependent conformational change in gp41 rather than by increasing viral affinity for this damaged coreceptor. Consistent with this interpretation, loss of the V4 N-glycan at position N403 also enhanced HIV-1 use of a different low-affinity CCR5 coreceptor with a mutation in extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) [i.e., CCR5(G163R)], whereas the double mutant CCR5(Δ18,G163R) was inactive. We conclude that loss of the N-glycan at position N403 helps to convert the HIV-1 envelope into a hair-trigger form that no longer requires strong interactions with both the CCR5 amino terminus and ECL2 but efficiently uses either site alone. These results demonstrate a novel functional role for a gp120 N-linked oligosaccharide and a high degree of adaptability in coreceptor usage by HIV-1.
Learning Multi-level Sparse Representations

Bilinear approximation of a matrix is a powerful paradigm of unsupervised learning. In some applications, however, there is a natural hierarchy of concepts that ought to be reflected in the unsupervised analysis. For example, in the neuro-sciences image sequence considered here, there are the semantic concepts of pixel → neuron → assembly that should find their counterpart in the unsupervised analysis. Driven by this concrete problem, we propose a decomposition of the matrix of observations into a product of more than two sparse matrices, with the rank decreasing from lower to higher levels. In contrast to prior work, we allow for both hierarchical and heterarchical relations of lower-level to higher-level concepts. In addition, we learn the nature of these relations rather than imposing them. Finally, we describe an optimization scheme that allows to optimize the decomposition over all levels jointly, rather than in a greedy level-by-level fashion. The proposed bilevel SHMF (sparse heterarchical matrix factorization) is the first formalism that allows to simultaneously interpret a calcium imaging sequence in terms of the constituent neurons, their membership in assemblies, and the time courses of both neurons and assemblies. Experiments show that the proposed model fully recovers the structure from difficult synthetic data designed to imitate the experimental data. More importantly, bilevel SHMF yields plausible interpretations of real-world Calcium imaging data.
Effect of a high-linolenic acid diet on lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, and meat quality in the growing pig.

Forty-eight Duroc-cross gilts (40 kg initial BW) were fed a control or a linseed diet containing 60 g of whole crushed linseed/kg. Both diets were supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E/kg. Eight pigs from each dietary treatment were slaughtered at 20, 60, or 100 d after the start of the experiment. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of diet on growth, carcass characteristics, or foreloin tissue composition. Feeding the linseed diet increased (P < 0.05) the content of n-3 PUFA in plasma, muscle, and adipose tissue, but docosahexaenoic acid was not (P > 0.05) altered by diet. The proportions of n-3 PUFA were highest (P < 0.01) in pigs fed the linseed-diet for 60 d, regardless of tissue (plasma, muscle, or adipose tissue) or lipid (neutral lipids and phospholipids) class. The linseed diet produced a PUFA:saturated fatty acid ratio > or = 0.4 in all groups and tissues, which is close to the recommended value for the entire diet of humans, as well as a robust decrease in the n-6:n-3 ratio. The decrease (P < 0.01) in the percentage of oleic acid in adipose tissue of pigs fed the linseed diet for 60 d could be attributed to a 40% decrease (P < 0.001) in stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activity. Diet did not (P > 0.05) affect the activities of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase, malic enzyme, or glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase in any tissues. Muscle vitamin E content was decreased (P < 0.001) 30% in pigs fed crushed linseed for 60 d, whereas lower (P < 0.001) concentrations of skatole in pork fat were observed in linseed-fed pigs at all slaughter times. Inclusion of linseed (flaxseed) in swine diets is a valid method of improving the nutritional value of pork without deleteriously affecting organoleptic characteristics, oxidation, or color stability.
Coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with end-stage renal disease.

OBJECTIVES To determine the relative risks of long-term mortality between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS We identified 1015 patients with ESRD who underwent coronary revascularization between 1996 and 2008 within Kaiser Permanente Northern California. We obtained clinical variables from health plan databases, state death certificates and social security administration files. Our primary and secondary outcomes, respectively, were all-cause mortality and repeat revascularization. Our primary predictor was CABG compared with PCI. We used a Cox proportional hazards model for multivariable analyses. RESULTS The mean age of CABG and PCI patients was similar (64.7 ± 10.6 and 63.4 ± 9.3, respectively, P = 0.06). The CABG group had a higher proportion of diabetics (P = 0.045), and higher nitrate use (P = 0.01). Adjusted for age, gender, race, year of index revascularization, number of vessels intervened, duration of dialysis and baseline comorbidities, patients referred for CABG during the first year had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80-1.67] for mortality compared with PCI. During Years 1-5, the HR was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.63-1.33) with an overall HR of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.43-1.22). The sub-HR as calculated by the Fine-Gray competing risk model was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.31-0.85). CONCLUSIONS As there are no randomized clinical trials in this area, our observational study adds to the growing body of literature that suggests a significant decrease in repeat revascularization with CABG and at least equivalency in long-term mortality with CABG when compared with PCI in ESRD patients.
Changes in Left Ventricular Filling in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Former studies showed possible interrelationship between altered ventricular filling patterns and atrial fibrillation (AF). HYPOTHESIS: Long term persistent AF has a negative impact on left ventricular filling in patients with preserved ejection fraction of left ventricle. METHODS: Our study was designed as a prospective case control study. We included 40 patients with persistent AF and preserved ejection fraction after successful electrical cardioversion and 43 control patients. Persistent AF was defined as AF lasting more than 4 weeks. Cardiac ultrasound was performed in all patients 24 hours after the procedure. Appropriate mitral flow and tissue Doppler velocities as well as standard echocardiographic measurements were obtained. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between both groups' parameters regarding age, sex, commorbidities or drug therapy. Analysis of mitral flow velocities showed significant increase of E value in AF group (0.96±0.27 vs.0.70±0.14; p = 0.001). Tissue Doppler measurements didn't reveal any differences in early diastolic movement, however there was a statistically significant difference in E/Em values of both groups, respectively (12.0±4.0 vs. 9.0±2.1; p= 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that in patients with preserved systolic function and persistent AF shortly after cardioversion diastolic ventricular filling patterns are altered mainly due to increased left atrial pressure and not due to impaired diastolic relaxation of left ventricle. Further studies are needed in order to define the interplay between diminished atrial function and impaired ventricular filling.
Cell-Based Therapies for Diabetic Complications

In recent years, accumulating experimental evidence supports the notion that diabetic patients may greatly benefit from cell-based therapies, which include the use of adult stem and/or progenitor cells. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells and the circulating pool of endothelial progenitor cells have so far been the most studied populations of cells proposed for the treatment of vascular complications affecting diabetic patients. We review the evidence supporting their use in this setting, the therapeutic benefits that these cells have shown so far as well as the challenges that cell-based therapies in diabetic complications put out.
New Variants of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, China, 2011

In 2011, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection rates rose substantially in vaccinated swine herds. To determine the distribution profile of PEDV outbreak strains, we sequenced the full-length spike gene from samples from 9 farms where animals exhibited severe diarrhea and mortality rates were high. Three new PEDV variants were identified.
The Emotional Well-Being of Nurses and Nurse Leaders in Crisis

In a world after 9/11, Hurricane Katrina, and Sandy Hook, plenty of literature has emerged on the subject of disaster management, but little is specific to the emotional well-being of the health care staff dedicated to serve during a crisis. Disasters, whether natural or man-made, are episodic but becoming more frequent. Nurses may find themselves in hospitals affected by a disaster, awaiting a surge of patients while supplied with only limited resources. Or, they may be deployed to austere environments where they are challenged to operate clinics, surrounded by the rubble of an earthquake. In these situations, nurse leaders need to ensure that staff members are trained to be effective disaster health care resources before crises occur. Training includes education on what nurses may observe, how they will be utilized in an emergency situation, and how they can best handle a chaotic environment, both during and after the event, in a manner that will help them keep their emotions in balance. Training before a disaster will help nurse responders develop a plan for their personal responsibilities so they can focus on the mission. The time to start training is not when the disater occurs. In a chaotic environment, most nurses will not have the necessary reserves to begin learning new concepts. Prepared nurses and their leaders must be ready to use their training prior to any crisis. They need to be able to assess that their colleagues are not suffering because of lack of sleep, food, or emotional support. Even after a disaster has initially been resolved, and nurse responders have returned to their families, nurse leaders need to follow up with their team. It may actually be during the postcrisis period that nurse responders need the most emotional support.
Context-Aware Bandits

We propose an efficient Context-Aware clustering of Bandits (CAB) algorithm, which can capture collaborative effects. CAB can be easily deployed in a real-world recommendation system, where multi-armed bandits have been shown to perform well in particular with respect to the cold-start problem. CAB utilizes a context-aware clustering augmented by exploration-exploitation strategies. CAB dynamically clusters the users based on the content universe under consideration. We give a theoretical analysis in the standard stochastic multi-armed bandits setting. We show the efficiency of our approach on production and real-world datasets, demonstrate the scalability, and, more importantly, the significant increased prediction performance against several state-of-the-art methods.