Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Purification and Biochemical Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae's Mge1p, the Mitochondrial Cochaperone of Ssc1p*

Previous biochemical and genetic studies have demonstrated the universal conservation of the DnaK (Hsp70) chaperone machine. Its three members, DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE, in Escherichia coli work synergistically to promote protein protection, disaggregation, and import into the various organelles. In the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae the three corresponding members are designated as Ssc1p, Mdj1p, and Mge1p, respectively. The MGE1 gene was previously cloned by us and others, and its product has been shown to be absolutely essential for protein transport into mitochondria and hence cell viability. To better understand its biological role, we have proceeded to overexpress and purify the mature Mge1p in E. coli through the construction of the appropriate vector clone. Mge1p has been shown to functionally substitute for its E. coli GrpE counterpart in a variety of its biological functions, including suppression of the bacterial temperature-sensitive phenotype of the grpE280 mutation, formation of a stable complex with DnaK, stimulation of DnaK's ATPase activity, and the refolding of denatured luciferase by the DnaK/DnaJ chaperone proteins. Thus, the function of the GrpE homologues appears to be highly conserved across the biological kingdoms.
Filling boundaries of coarse manifolds in semisimple and solvable arithmetic groups

We provide partial results towards a conjectural generalization of a theorem of Lubotzky-Mozes-Raghunathan for arithmetic groups (over number fields or function fields) that implies, in low dimensions, both polynomial isoperimetric inequalities and finiteness properties. As a tool in our proof, we establish polynomial isoperimetric inequalities and finiteness properties for certain solvable groups that appear as subgroups of parabolic groups in semisimple groups, thus generalizing a theorem of Bux. We also develop a precise version of reduction theory for arithmetic groups whose proof is, for the most part, independent of whether the underlying global field is a number field or a function field. Our main result is Theorem 4 below. Before stating it, we provide some background. 0.1. Arithmetic groups. Let K be a global field (number field or function field), and let S be a nonempty set of finitely many inequivalent valuations of K including one from each class of archimedean valuations. The ring OS ⊆ K will denote the corresponding ring of S-integers. For any v ∈ S, we let Kv be the completion of K with respect to v so that Kv is a locally compact field. Let G be a noncommutative, absolutely almost simple, K-isotropic K-group. Let G be the semisimple Lie group
Knowing mathematics for teaching: A case study of teacher responses to students' errors and difficulties in teaching equivalent fractions

Knowing Mathematics for Teaching: A Case Study of Teacher Responses to Students’ Errors and Difficulties in Teaching Equivalent Fractions. (August 2007) Meixia Ding, M.S., Nanjing University Co-Chairs of Advisory committee: Dr. Gerald Kulm Dr. Yeping Li The goal of this study is to align teachers’ Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT) with their classroom instruction. To reduce the classroom complexity while keeping the connection between teaching and learning, I focused on Teacher Responses to Student Errors and Difficulties (TRED) in teaching equivalent fractions with an eye on students’ cognitive gains as the assessment of teaching effects. This research used a qualitative paradigm. Classroom videos concerning equivalent fractions from six teachers were observed and triangulated with tests of teacher knowledge and personal interviews. The data collection and analysis went through a naturalistic inquiry process. The results indicated that great differences about TRED existed in different classrooms around six themes: two learning difficulties regarding critical prior knowledge; two common errors related to the learning goal, and two emergent topics concerning basic mathematical ideas. Each of these themes affected students’ cognitive gains. Teachers’ knowledge as reflected by teacher interviews, however, was not necessarily consistent with their classroom instruction. Among these six teachers, other than one teacher whose knowledge obviously lagged behind, the other five teachers
Enduring Egalitarianism? Family Transitions and Attitudes Toward Gender Equality in Sweden

Previous research in industrialized countries finds that attitudes toward gender equality are affected by family-related transitions as young adults with egalitarian attitudes based on growing equality between the sexes in the public sphere of education and work encounter a much less equal situation in the private sphere of the family. Sweden, however, is a society known for its emphasis on gender equality in the family. This study examines the effect of family transitions on attitudes toward gender equality, asking whether egalitarian attitudes can withstand changing family transitions in Sweden. Using longitudinal data from the Young Adult Panel Study, we examine six different family transitions and three measures of attitudes toward gender equality for men and women, with only three significant findings across 18 coefficients. We conclude that most Swedish young adults possess “enduring attitudes,” likely because there is strong state support for families and gender sharing in the private sphere.
Analysis of Excess Loss in SiFe Laminations Considering Eddy-Current Dominated Domain Wall Motion

To develop efficient silicon steel plates and electric machines using silicon steel laminations, the evaluation of excess loss in silicon steel plates is important. In this paper, investigation on excess loss calculation using the finite element method is carried out. The excess loss, which is mainly due to two factors, lack of flux penetration and domain wall pinning, is considered by the proposed approach using the domain wall bowing degree (DWBD), which depends on the above two factors. The DWBD is obtained using nonlinear eddy-current analysis. The correlation between the excess loss and the DWBD can be expressed as an exponential equation. Using the equation, the excess loss can be predicted under harmonic frequency in the range of 50-2000 Hz. These results can be applied to iron loss estimation, especially, when there are harmonics in the power supply.
Microglia Induce Neurotoxic IL-17+ γδ T Cells Dependent on TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 Activation

Background Interleukin-17 (IL-17) acts as a key regulator in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. γδ T cells are an important innate source of IL-17. Both IL-17+ γδ T cells and microglia, the major resident immune cells of the brain, are involved in various CNS disorders such as multiple sclerosis and stroke. Also, activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways contributes to CNS damage. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation and interaction of these cellular and molecular components remain unclear. Objective In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between γδ T cells and microglia activated by TLRs in the context of neuronal damage. To this end, co-cultures of IL-17+ γδ T cells, neurons, and microglia were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA and multiplex immunoassays. Results We report here that IL-17+ γδ T cells but not naïve γδ T cells induce a dose- and time-dependent decrease of neuronal viability in vitro. While direct stimulation of γδ T cells with various TLR ligands did not result in up-regulation of CD69, CD25, or in IL-17 secretion, supernatants of microglia stimulated by ligands specific for TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, or TLR9 induced activation of γδ T cells through IL-1β and IL-23, as indicated by up-regulation of CD69 and CD25 and by secretion of vast amounts of IL-17. This effect was dependent on the TLR adaptor myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) expressed by both γδ T cells and microglia, but did not require the expression of TLRs by γδ T cells. Similarly to cytokine-primed IL-17+ γδ T cells, IL-17+ γδ T cells induced by supernatants derived from TLR-activated microglia also caused neurotoxicity in vitro. While these neurotoxic effects required stimulation of TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 in microglia, neuronal injury mediated by bone marrow-derived macrophages did not require TLR signaling. Neurotoxicity mediated by IL-17+ γδ T cells required a direct cell-cell contact between T cells and neurons. Conclusion Taken together, these results point to a crucial role for microglia activated through TLRs in polarization of γδ T cells towards neurotoxic IL-17+ γδ T cells.
Speech , Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report Level and center frequency of the singer ’ s formant

The “singer’s formant” is a prominent spectrum envelope peak near 3 kHz, typically found in voice sounds produced by classical operatic singers. According to previous research, it is mainly a resonatory phenomenon produced by a clustering of formants 3, 4 and 5. Its level relative to the first formant peak varies depending on vowel, vocal loudness and other factors. Its dependence on vowel formant frequencies is examined. Applying the acoustic theory of voice production, the level difference between the first and third formant is calulated for some standard vowels. The difference between observed and thus calculated levels is determined for various voices. It is found to vary considerably less between vowels sung by professional singers than by untrained voices. The center frequency of the singer’s formant, determined by longterm-spectrum analysis of grammophon recordings, is found to increase slightly with the pitch range of the voice classification.
In the European Union, TB patients from former Soviet countries have a high risk of multidrug resistance.

SETTING Fourteen countries of the European Union (EU). OBJECTIVE To explore determinants of resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [MDR-TB]) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in the EU. DESIGN Pooled TB case notification data for 2003 from the-Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden and the UK were investigated using bivariate and multivariable analysis. RESULTS Of 12,109 cases with data, MDR-TB occurred in 709 cases, 91% of whom were from countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU), including the Baltic States. At multivariable analysis, MDR-TB was strongly associated with previous treatment in both Baltic and non-Baltic countries (adjusted OR 9.5 and 6.4, respectively), and inversely related to age >64 years (OR 0.4 and 0.2). In non-Baltic countries, MDR-TB was more strongly related to origin from the FSU (OR 19.7, reference non-Baltic EU) than from other regions (up to OR 2.3). Among cases pooled from all countries, provenance from the FSU was very strongly linked to MDR-TB in both previously untreated (OR 24.9) and previously treated (OR 53.7) cases. CONCLUSION Within a context of increasing mobility, public health workers should be aware of a higher risk for MDR-TB among patients from the FSU as well as among patients previously treated for TB.
Risk-driven migration and the collective-risk social dilemma

A collective-risk social dilemma implies that personal endowments will be lost if contributions to the common pool within a group are too small. Failure to reach the collective target thus has dire consequences for all group members, independently of their strategies. Wanting to move away from unfavorable locations is therefore anything but surprising. Inspired by these observations, we here propose and study a collective-risk social dilemma where players are allowed to move if the collective failure becomes too probable. More precisely, this so-called risk-driven migration is launched depending on the difference between the actual contributions and the declared target. Mobility therefore becomes an inherent property that is utilized in an entirely self-organizing manner. We show that under these assumptions cooperation is promoted much more effectively than under the action of manually determined migration rates. For the latter, we in fact identify parameter regions where the evolution of cooperation is greatly inhibited. Moreover, we find unexpected spatial patterns where cooperators that do not form compact clusters outperform those that do, and where defectors are able to utilize strikingly different ways of invasion. The presented results support the recently revealed importance of percolation for the successful evolution of public cooperation, while at the same time revealing surprisingly simple methods of self-organization towards socially desirable states.
Decentralizing SDN Policies

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new paradigm for operating and managing computer networks. SDN enables logically-centralized control over network devices through a "controller" --- software that operates independently of the network hardware. Network operators can run both in-house and third-party SDN programs on top of the controller, e.g., to specify routing and access control policies. In practice, having the controller handle events limits the network scalability. Therefore, the feasibility of SDN depends on the ability to efficiently decentralize network event-handling by installing forwarding rules on the switches. However, installing a rule too early or too late may lead to incorrect behavior, e.g., (1) packets may be forwarded to the wrong destination or incorrectly dropped; (2) packets handled by the switch may hide vital information from the controller, leading to incorrect forwarding behavior. The second issue is subtle and sometimes missed even by experienced programmers. The contributions of this paper are two fold. First, we formalize the correctness and optimality requirements for decentralizing network policies. Second, we identify a useful class of network policies which permits automatic synthesis of a controller which performs optimal forwarding rule installation.
[Human adipose derived stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli].

OBJECTIVE To study immunological properties of adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) and their in vitro immunomodulatory effects on lymphocytes. METHODS ADSC was isolated from fat tissue by liposuction and culture expanded. Cells at passage 2 were observed for the expression of HLAI, HLAII by FACs analysis. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were cultured with allogeneic ADSCs at dose of 1 x 10(5). A third-party ADSCs at dose of 1 x 10(2), 1 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4), 1 x 10(5) were added to the ongoing two-way mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) for 6 days. Value of CPM (count per minute) was calculated with luminescence counter. RESULTS Flow cytometry showed that undifferentiated ADSCs express HLA class I but not class II. Addition of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) for 48 hours induced greater than 90% of cells to express HLA class II. No lymphocyte response was induced by allogeneic ADSCs as stimulators. Results were similar using ADSCs pretreated with IFN-gamma. ADSCs elicited inhibit function of mixed lymphocyte cultures in a dose dependent way. Even if ADSCs were pretreated with IFN-gamma, the suppression ability was maintained. CONCLUSION Undifferentiated ADSCs do not elicit alloreactive lymphocyte proliferative responses and could modulate immune responses in vitro.
Author Profiling with Bidirectional RNNs using Attention with GRUs

This paper describes our approach for the Author Proﬁling Shared Task at PAN 2017. The goal was to classify the gender and language variety of a Twitter user solely by their tweets. Author Proﬁling can be applied in various ﬁelds like marketing, security and forensics. Twitter already uses similar techniques to deliver personalized advertisement for their users. PAN 2017 provided a corpus for this purpose in the languages: English, Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic. To solve the problem we used a deep learning approach, which has shown recent success in Natural Language Processing. Our submitted model consists of a bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network implemented with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) combined with an Attention Mechanism. We achieved an average accuracy over all languages of 75,31% in gender classiﬁcation and 85,22% in language variety classiﬁcation.
Escalation of intake under intermittent ethanol access in diverse mouse genotypes

Experimental animals offered continuous 24‐hour free choice access to ethanol rarely display voluntary ethanol consumption at levels sufficient to induce intoxication or to engender dependence. One of the simplest ways to increase voluntary ethanol intake is to impose temporal limitations on ethanol availability. Escalation of ethanol intake has been observed in both rats and mice under a variety of different schedules of alternating ethanol access and deprivation. Although such effects have been observed in a variety of rat and mouse genotypes, little is known concerning possible genetic correlations between responses to intermittent ethanol access and other ethanol‐related phenotypes. In the present study, we examined the effects of intermittent ethanol access in mouse genotypes characterized by divergent responses to ethanol in other domains, including ethanol preference (C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ mice), binge‐like ethanol drinking (High Drinking in the Dark and HS/Npt mice) and ethanol withdrawal severity (Withdrawal Seizure‐Prone and Withdrawal Seizure‐Resistant mice). Although intermittent ethanol access resulted in escalated ethanol intake in all tested genotypes, the robustness of the effect varied across genotypes. On the other hand, we saw no evidence that the effects of intermittent access are correlated with either binge‐like drinking or withdrawal severity, and only weak evidence for a genetic correlation with baseline ethanol preference. Thus, these different ethanol‐related traits appear to depend on largely unique sets of genetic mediators.
Understanding Programming Expertise

Recent decades have seen a resurgence of interest in electroencephalography (EEG), as neuroscience develops new models of cognition and refines old ones, associating them with detectable indicators of brain activity. This article presents a more direct measure of programmer expertise, derived from noninvasive observation of the brain’s electrical activity. This article provides a foundational approach for investigating the role of expertise in programming language comprehension, showing that this electrical activity in the brain can indicate (1) prior programming experience by class level (current state of progression through an undergraduate computer science program), and (2) self-reported experience levels.
Long‐term outcomes of cirrhosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared with hepatitis C

Data on the long‐term outcome of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)‐associated cirrhosis are few, and most reports describe cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis associated with risk factors for NASH but without histologic definition. In this prospective cohort study, we describe the long‐term morbidity and mortality of 23 patients with NASH‐associated cirrhosis defined by strict clinicopathologic criteria. Outcomes were compared with 46 age‐ and gender‐matched patients with cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: 23 untreated and 23 nonresponders to antiviral therapy. During follow‐up (mean, 84 months; median, 60 months; range, 5‐177 months), 9 of the 23 NASH‐associated cirrhosis cases developed liver‐related morbidity (8 ascites and/or encephalopathy, 1 variceal bleeding). The probability of complication‐free survival was 83%, 77%, and 48% at 1, 3, and 10 years, respectively, and the cumulative probability of overall survival was 95%, 90%, and 84% at 1, 3, and 10 years, respectively. Five deaths were from liver failure, 1 from a non‐liver‐related cause. By multivariate analysis, bilirubin (P = .02) and platelet (P = .04) were independent predictors of complication‐free survival; bilirubin (P = .05) was the only predictor for overall survival. After controlling for these factors, there was no difference in complication‐free or overall survival between the NASH‐cirrhosis cohort and either group of HCV‐cirrhosis. However, 8 cases of liver cancer occurred in the HCV‐cirrhosis groups compared with none among NASH cases. In conclusion, liver failure is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in NASH‐associated cirrhosis. The prognosis is either similar or less severe than HCV‐cirrhosis, except that HCC appears less common.
Strategy Implementation Using Balanced Scorecard

Personal values are at the core of any individual. One’s action, behaviour and decisions are largely guided by one’s values and beliefs. Since organizations are social set-ups, impact of the values of those in the leadership position is far-reaching. This article is a fallout of a bigger study on implementation of balanced scorecard. This qualitative study, following case study approach, provides empirical evidences about the ways in which personal values of the leaders and employees affect their pursuit of the strategy. It also highlights what impact leadership values have upon the team members, and how this impacts strategy implementation. The values of responsibility, sincerity, initiative, integrity, humility, optimism, zeal, compassion, righteousness and discipline have been discussed. Overall, the study indicates that when leaders and employees have strong moral values, they impact strategy implementation positively.
Deconstructing Interocular Suppression: Attention and Divisive Normalization

In interocular suppression, a suprathreshold monocular target can be rendered invisible by a salient competitor stimulus presented in the other eye. Despite decades of research on interocular suppression and related phenomena (e.g., binocular rivalry, flash suppression, continuous flash suppression), the neural processing underlying interocular suppression is still unknown. We developed and tested a computational model of interocular suppression. The model included two processes that contributed to the strength of interocular suppression: divisive normalization and attentional modulation. According to the model, the salient competitor induced a stimulus-driven attentional modulation selective for the location and orientation of the competitor, thereby increasing the gain of neural responses to the competitor and reducing the gain of neural responses to the target. Additional suppression was induced by divisive normalization in the model, similar to other forms of visual masking. To test the model, we conducted psychophysics experiments in which both the size and the eye-of-origin of the competitor were manipulated. For small and medium competitors, behavioral performance was consonant with a change in the response gain of neurons that responded to the target. But large competitors induced a contrast-gain change, even when the competitor was split between the two eyes. The model correctly predicted these results and outperformed an alternative model in which the attentional modulation was eye specific. We conclude that both stimulus-driven attention (selective for location and feature) and divisive normalization contribute to interocular suppression.