Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foundations of Entrepreneurship and Economic Development

1. Introduction 2. The Theory of Entrepreneurial Discovery 3. Psychological Determinants of Entrepreneurial Alertness 4. Institutions I: Rule of Law, Property and Contract 5. Institutions II: Money, Political and Legal Decentralisation and Freedom 6. Cultures and Alertness 7. The Market-Process Approach to Public Policy 8. Empirical Testing and Conceptual Development 9. Concluding Remarks
Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Correction of a Mouse Model of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the ITGB2 gene and is characterized by recurrent and life-threatening bacterial infections. These mutations lead to defective or absent expression of β2 integrins on the leukocyte surface, compromising adhesion and extravasation at sites of infection. Three different lentiviral vectors (LVs) conferring ubiquitous or preferential expression of CD18 in myeloid cells were constructed and tested in human and mouse LAD-I cells. All three hCD18-LVs restored CD18 and CD11a membrane expression in LAD-I patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells. Corrected cells recovered the ability to aggregate and bind to sICAM-1 after stimulation. All vectors induced stable hCD18 expression in hematopoietic cells from mice with a hypomorphic Itgb2 mutation (CD18HYP), both in vitro and in vivo after transplantation of corrected cells into primary and secondary CD18HYP recipients. hCD18+ hematopoietic cells from transplanted CD18HYP mice also showed restoration of mCD11a surface co-expression. The analysis of in vivo neutrophil migration in CD18HYP mice subjected to two different inflammation models demonstrated that the LV-mediated gene therapy completely restored neutrophil extravasation in response to inflammatory stimuli. Finally, these vectors were able to correct the phenotype of human myeloid cells derived from CD34+ progenitors defective in ITGB2 expression. These results support for the first time the use of hCD18-LVs for the treatment of LAD-I patients in clinical trials.
Foundation or fragment of local democracy?: analyzing the role and position of local councillors in Belgium

Like national politicians, local representatives are claimed to become increasingly professionalized. The alleged professionalization of the local councillor underpins a fundamental debate on the state of local politics. Does professionalization entail an asymmetry in the councillor population that is necessary to govern localities in the twenty-first century, or is it hard to comply with the very nature of representative local democracy – creating an undemocratic imbalance between professionals and laymen in local government? This chapter seeks to contribute to the debate by outlining the extent of, and relation between, layman politics and professionalization in the recruitment and career of Belgian local councillors. After scrutinizing these elements separately in a descriptive section, both are linked in a subsequent explanatory analysis, verifying whether professionalized recruitment in a given political system results in professionalized careers afterwards. The chapter uses quantitative survey data gathered from a selection of 856 Belgian local councillors.
A new mathematical explanation of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse

The spectacular collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which occurred in 1940, has attracted the attention of engineers, physicists, and mathematicians in the last 70 years. There have been many attempts to explain this amazing event. Nevertheless, none of these attempts gives a satisfactory and universally accepted explanation of the phenomena visible the day of the collapse. The purpose of the present paper is to suggest a new mathematical model for the study of the dynamical behavior of suspension bridges which provides a realistic explanation of the Tacoma collapse.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Pandoravirus Isolated from Keratitis-Inducing Acanthamoeba

ABSTRACT Following the recent discovery of two Pandoravirus species in 2013, a previously described endocytobiont isolated from the inflamed eye of a patient with keratitis was subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a new Pandoravirus isolate.
A psychological study of bipolarity in the possibilistic framework

The expression "bipolar information" denotes the fact that positive and negative information are not processed in the same way. This study aimed at testing the psychological plausibility of the possibilistic treatment of bipolar information. Rather than testing empirically some predictions derived from possibility theory, we tested whether the possibilistic representation of bipolarity allows understanding previously unexplained psychological data. Psychological works related to Human hypothesis testing furnished the task for this study, namely, the "2-4-6 rule discovery task". Based on an analysis of the status ("impossible", "guaranteed possible", "non impossible") of the states of the world ruled out or allowed by positive or negative pieces of information, we found that the so-called "positive test strategy" (previously seen as irrational) produces on the whole information less uncertain than the concurrent so-called "negative test strategy" (previously seen as the normative one). Further works on the same line of research are pointed out.
Conducting Online Behavioral Research Using Crowdsourcing Services in Japan

Recent research on human behavior has often collected empirical data from the online labor market, through a process known as crowdsourcing. As well as the United States and the major European countries, there are several crowdsourcing services in Japan. For research purpose, Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is the widely used platform among those services. Previous validation studies have shown many commonalities between MTurk workers and participants from traditional samples based on not only personality but also performance on reasoning tasks. The present study aims to extend these findings to non-MTurk (i.e., Japanese) crowdsourcing samples in which workers have different ethnic backgrounds from those of MTurk. We conducted three surveys (N = 426, 453, 167, respectively) designed to compare Japanese crowdsourcing workers and university students in terms of their demographics, personality traits, reasoning skills, and attention to instructions. The results generally align with previous studies and suggest that non-MTurk participants are also eligible for behavioral research. Furthermore, small screen devices are found to impair participants' attention to instructions. Several recommendations concerning this sample are presented.
The Persistence of Poverty in Rural China: Applying an Ordered Probit and a Hazard Approach

The present study investigates the analysis of poverty persistence of Chinese farm households in the well-off Zhejiang province in the southeast. We firstly apply an ordered probit model examining household, farm, and regional characteristics affecting the probability that households are chronically poor. In addition, we apply a hazard approach to identify the risk of falling into and climbing out of poverty. Results indicate that there are increasing chances to climb out of poverty over time, and that the risk of falling into poverty seems to decrease after the household spent some time outside poverty.
A primer on the empirical identification of government spending shocks

The empirical literature on the effects of government spending shocks lacks unanimity about the responses of consumption and wages. Proponents of shocks identified by structural vector auto-regressions (VARs) find results consistent with New Keynesian models: consumption and wages increase. On the other hand, proponents of the narrative approach find results consistent with neoclassical models: consumption and wages decrease. This paper reviews these two identifications and confirms their differences by using standard economic series. It also uses alternative measures of government spending, output, and the labor market and shows that, although there are minor fluctuations within each identification, the disparate results between the two are robust to the alternative measures. However, under the structural VAR approach, the authors find some differences between the responses to federal and state/local government spending.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZERS DURING OOGENESIS IN XENOPUS LAEVIS USING A SILVER TECHNIQUE

Silver staining at the electron microscopic level of the nucleolar organizers was carried out on Xenopus laevis oocytes at various stages of oogenesis. The results indicate that a positive reaction takes place exclusively in the dense fibrillar component of the extrachromosomal nucleoli. This constituent undergoes morphological changes of distribution and architecture, which have been correlated with modifications of the transcriptional activity of the nucleoli. When nucleolar activity is reduced, during previtellogenesis, this constituent appears as dense homogeneous spherules well-segregated from the granular component. In contrast, when nucleolar activity is high, during vitellogenesis, it forms an heterogeneous area with an illdelimited outline: it is organized into a fibrillar core with emerging skein-like strings. It thus seems that this constituent remains silver-stained throughout oogenesis. These findings suggest that the method used would allow one to follow the evolution of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) topography during oogenesis. Moreover, they point out facts that have relevance to the problem of the correlation between Ag stainability of NORs and nucleolar transcriptional activity.
Real long-term interest rates and monetary policy: a cross-country perspective

The real rate of interest is a central concept in economics. It represents the price of the intertemporal allocation of goods and thereby determines saving, investment and, ultimately, economic growth. Despite the importance of the real rate for our understanding of intertemporal choice, operationalising the concept turns out to be difficult. First of all, in a world of nominal contracts, real rates usually cannot be observed directly. This problem is particularly important in the case of long-term real rates in which long-term inflationary expectations come into play. Second, it is not clear to which extent monetary policy can affect real interest rates. Although the central bank sets nominal interest rates, by doing so it will also affect short-term real rates as long as rigidities prevent prices from adjusting immediately. It is much less clear whether monetary policy has much of an effect on mediumto long-term real interest rates. Third, even if we did have information on the level of real interest rates and if the central bank could affect it, we still need a benchmark in order to assess the current level of the real rate, for example to determine the stance of monetary policy. The quest for such benchmarks actually predates the definition of the real rate by Fisher (1930) and goes back to the work on the natural rate of interest by Wicksell (1898). More recent contributions are Woodford (2002) and Neiss and Nelson (2001).
Critical Component Identification in Reliability Centered Asset Management of Power Distribution Systems Via Fuzzy AHP

Confronted with the power system restructuring trend reforming the past-regulated power systems, the need for a narrower insight on the costly maintenance strategies seems imperative. It falls within the realm of reliability centered maintenance to enhance the cost effectiveness of power distribution maintenance policies. From a practical point of view, this paper devises a novel approach on the basis of the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) accompanied by fuzzy sets theory to determine the most critical component types of distribution power systems to be prioritized in maintenance scheduling. In the presence of many qualitative and quantitative attributes, fuzzy sets can effectively help to deal with the existent uncertainty and judgment vagueness. As demonstrated in a practical case study, the proposed fuzzy AHP method introduces its applicability and efficiency in the asset management procedure.
Effects of Switching Behavior for the Attraction on Pedestrian Dynamics

Walking is a fundamental activity of our daily life not only for moving to other places but also for interacting with surrounding environment. While walking on the streets, pedestrians can be aware of attractions like shopping windows. They can be influenced by the attractions and some of them might shift their attention towards the attractions, namely switching behavior. As a first step to incorporate the switching behavior, this study investigates collective effects of switching behavior for an attraction by developing a behavioral model. Numerical simulations exhibit different patterns of pedestrian behavior depending on the strength of the social influence and the average length of stay. When the social influence is strong along with a long length of stay, a saturated phase can be defined at which all the pedestrians have visited the attraction. If the social influence is not strong enough, an unsaturated phase appears where one can observe that some pedestrians head for the attraction while others walk in their desired direction. These collective patterns of pedestrian behavior are summarized in a phase diagram by comparing the number of pedestrians who visited the attraction to the number of passersby near the attraction. Measuring the marginal benefits with respect to the strength of the social influence and the average length of stay enables us to identify under what conditions enhancing these variables would be more effective. The findings from this study can be understood in the context of the pedestrian facility management, for instance, for retail stores.
Multiple Testing for Gene Expression Data: An Investigation of Null Distributions with Consequences for the Permutation Test

Gene expression studies produce data with which inferences can be made for thousands of genes simultaneously, allowing researchers to answer questions such as “Which genes are significantly differently expressed between two (or more) conditions? ” or “Which genes have a significant association with an outcome or covariate? ”. In order to make statements about the statistical significance of thousands of genes at once, it is essential to appropriately account for multiple tests. Multiple testing methods are hypothesis testing procedures designed to simultaneously test p > 1 hypotheses while controlling an error rate. Traditional approaches to the multiplicity problem are reviewed by [1]. More recent developments in the field include resampling methods [2], stepwise procedures, and the false discovery rate [3]. Standard practice in multiple testing with gene expression data is to use t-statistics as test statistics and to control a type I error rate under the permutation distribution. In this paper, we revisit the rationale behind such choices and suggest situations in which alternatives are more sensible. 2 Multiple Hypothesis Testing Procedures
THE SINARI PROJECT: SECURITY ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT APPLIED TO THE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

This paper presents a summary of the key results obtained within the “SINARI” project; a French collaborative research project which focuses on developing methods for assessing the dependability and cyber security of the coupled infrastructure made up by the electrical distribution network and its supporting information system and telecommunication infrastructures. This paper will present an overview of the project as a whole and will summarize the work already completed along within highlighting the ongoing activities.
The Processing Using Memory Paradigm: In-DRAM Bulk Copy, Initialization, Bitwise AND and OR

In existing systems, the off-chip memory interface allows the memory controller to perform only read or write operations. Therefore, to perform any operation, the processor must first read the source data and then write the result back to memory after performing the operation. This approach consumes high latency, bandwidth, and energy for operations that work on a large amount of data. Several works have proposed techniques to process data near memory by adding a small amount of compute logic closer to the main memory chips. In this article, we describe two techniques proposed by recent works that take this approach of processing in memory further by exploiting the underlying operation of the main memory technology to perform more complex tasks. First, we describe RowClone, a mechanism that exploits DRAM technology to perform bulk copy and initialization operations completely inside main memory. We then describe a complementary work that uses DRAM to perform bulk bitwise AND and OR operations inside main memory. These two techniques significantly improve the performance and energy efficiency of the respective operations.
Essays in computational economics

• This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. ii To my incredible wife Clarissa, sons Callan Harry and Rafsanjani, and my parents Mark and Megan. Without your continual love and encouragement, this thesis would not have been possible.
Leading or Following?

Abstract While research exists on how political parties use political marketing instruments, there is a lack of emphasis on strategic marketing, especially with regard to theoretical frameworks of political marketing orientation. This can be seen as problematic in the development of political marketing research as a subdiscipline of marketing and political science. A concept is suggested that defines a party's orientation towards political marketing management using two crucial elements of strategic marketing theory regarding customer orientation: leading and following. Three generic types of political parties are characterised by their strategic postures using their stance on these two elements. The implications of strategic postures for the fulfilment of certain political marketing functions and organisational issues are briefly discussed. While traditional parties with a rigid content-based approach towards policy-making can be characterised as Convinced Ideologists, contemporary catch-all parties have moved towards being Tactical Populists. Whilst both these postures are prone to being perceived as dogmatic or untrustworthy and fickle, a third posture, that of Relationship Builder, is proposed. This integrates leading and following, by using a relational approach towards marketing, as suggested in the evolving literature on strategic marketing and marketing orientation. This Relationship Builder stance constitutes a theoretical posture that needs to be clarified by empirical research in the political arena. Thus, to foster further empirical and theoretical research, several propositions have been derived in a process that is in line with the demands of theory-building and hypothesis-driven exploration as suggested for this comparatively new discipline of political marketing.
Institutional change for sustainable development

Institutional Change for Sustainable Development presents a flexible, accessible, yet robust conceptual framework for comprehending institutional dimensions of sustainability, emphasising the complexity of institutional systems, and highlighting the interdependence between policy learning and institutional change. This framework is applied and developed through the analysis of five significant arenas of institutional and policy change: environmental policy in the EU; New Zealand’s landmark Resource Management Act; strategic environmental assessment; emerging National Councils for Sustainable Development; and transformative property rights instruments. From these explorations, key principles for institutional change are identified, including the institutional accommodation of a sustainability discourse, the interdependence of normative and institutional change; reiteration and learning; integration in policy and practice; subsidiarity; and legal change.
Coordinated Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Reactive Power and Battery Energy Storage Systems to Improve the Voltage Profile of a Residential Distribution Feeder

Increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV), as well as increasing peak load demand, has resulted in poor voltage profile for some residential distribution networks. This paper proposes coordinated use of PV and battery energy storage (BES) to address voltage rise and/or dip problems. The reactive capability of PV inverter combined with droop-based BES system is evaluated for rural and urban scenarios (having different \mbi R/X ratios). Results show that reactive compensation from PV inverters alone is sufficient to maintain acceptable voltage profile in an urban scenario (low-resistance feeder), whereas coordinated PV and BES support is required for the rural scenario (high-resistance feeder). Constant, as well as variable, droop-based BES schemes are analyzed. The required BES sizing and associated cost to maintain the acceptable voltage profile under both schemes are presented. Uncertainties in PV generation and load are considered, with probabilistic estimation of PV generation and randomness in load modeled to characterize the effective utilization of BES. Actual PV generation data and distribution system network data are used to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.
Nucleosynthesis of 56Ni in wind‐driven supernova explosions and constraints on the central engine of gamma‐ray bursts

Theoretically expected natures of a supernova (SN) driven by a wind/jet are discussed. Approximate analytical formulations are derived to clarify basic physical processes involved in the wind/jet-driven explosions, and it is shown that the explosion properties are characterized by the energy injection rate (E iso ) and the mass injection rate (M iso ). To explain observations of Supernova 1998bw associated with gamma-ray burst (GRB) 980425, the following conditions are required: E iso M iso ≥ 10 51 erg M ⊙ s -2 and E iso ≥ 2 x 10 52 erg s -1 (if the wind Lorentz factor Γ w ∼ 1) or E iso ≥ 7 x 10 52 erg s -1 (if Γ w » 1). In Supernova 1998bw, 56 Ni (∼0.4 M ⊙ ) is probably produced in the shocked stellar mantle, not in the wind. The expected natures of SNe, e.g. ejected 56 Ni mass and ejecta mass, vary depending on E iso and M iso . The sequence of the SN properties from high E iso and M iso to low E iso and M iso is as follows: Supernova 1998bw-like - intermediate case - low mass ejecta (≤1 M ⊙ ) where 56 Ni is from the wind - whole collapse. This diversity may explain the diversity of SNe associated with GRBs. Our result can be used to constrain natures of the wind/jet, which are linked to the central engine of GRBs, by studying properties of the associated SNe.