Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MedLink: A mobile intervention to address failure points in the treatment of depression in general medicine

Major depression is common, and imposes a high burden in terms of cost, morbidity, and suffering. Most people with depression are treated in general medicine using antidepressant medication. Outcomes are poor due to failure points across the care system, including patient non-adherence, failure of physicians to optimize the treatment regimens, and lack of patient-physician communication. This study reports on the 4-week pilot deployment of MedLink, a mobile intervention aimed at systemically addressing each of these failure points. A mobile app provides the patient with information and collects data on symptoms and side-effects. A cellularly enabled pill bottle monitors medication adherence. Data from these are provided to the physician and patient to foster communication and medication adjustments. Usability evaluation was generally favorable. Medication adherence rates in this first deployment were high with no patients discontinuing, and 84% of doses taken. Depressive symptom severity was significantly reduced. This study supports the use of a comprehensive, systemic approach to mHealth solutions to enhance processes of care for depression by general medicine physicians.
Adaptive simulated annealing (ASA): Lessons learned

Adaptive s imulated annealing (ASA) is a global optimization algorithm based on an associated proof that the parameter space can be sampled much more ef ficiently than by using other previous simulated annealing algorithms. The author’ sA SA code has been publicly available for ove rt wo y ears. During this time the author has volunteered to help people via e-mail, and the feedback obtained has been used to further de velop the code. Some lessons learned, in particular some which are rele vant to other simulated annealing algorithms, are described.
Run, xtatic, run: efficient implementation of an object-oriented language with regular pattern matching

Schema languages such as DTD, XML Schema, and Relax NG have been steadily growing in importance in the XML community. A schema language provides a mechanism for defining the type of XML documents; i.e., the set of constraints that specify the structure of XML documents that are acceptable as data for a certain programming task. A number of recent language designs---many of them descended from the XDUCE language of Hosoya, Pierce, and Vouillon---have showed how such schemas can be used statically for type-checking XML processing code and dynamically for evaluation of XML structures. The technical foundation of such languages is the notion of regular types, a mild generalization of nondeterministic top-down tree automata, which correspond to a core of most popular schema notations, and the notion of regular patterns---regular types decorated with variable binders---a powerful and convenient primitive for dynamic inspection of XML values. This dissertation is concerned with one of XDUCE's descendants, XTATIC. The goal of the XTATIC project is to bring the regular type and regular pattern technologies to a wide audience by integrating them with a mainstream object-oriented language. My research focuses on an efficient implementation of XTATIC including a compiler that generates fast and compact target programs and a run-time system that is designed to support efficient manipulation of XML fragments. Many techniques described here are applicable not only to XTATIC but also to other XDUCE derivatives such as CDUCE and Cω.
Stress and the engagement of multiple memory systems: Integration of animal and human studies

Learning and memory can be controlled by distinct memory systems. How these systems are coordinated to optimize learning and behavior has long been unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that stress may modulate the engagement of multiple memory systems. In particular, rodent and human studies demonstrate that stress facilitates dorsal striatum‐dependent “habit” memory, at the expense of hippocampus‐dependent “cognitive” memory. Based on these data, a model is proposed which states that the impact of stress on the relative use of multiple memory systems is due to (i) differential effects of hormones and neurotransmitters that are released during stressful events on hippocampal and dorsal striatal memory systems, thus changing the relative strength of and the interactions between these systems, and (ii) a modulatory influence of the amygdala which biases learning toward dorsal striatum‐based memory after stress. This shift to habit memory after stress can be adaptive with respect to current performance but might contribute to psychopathology in vulnerable individuals. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Local Sparse Model for Matching Problem

Feature matching problem that incorporates pairwise constraints is usually formulated as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP). Since it is NP-hard, relaxation models are required. In this paper, we first formulate the QAP from the match selection point of view; and then propose a local sparse model for matching problem. Our local sparse matching (LSM) method has the following advantages: (1) It is parameter-free; (2) It generates a local sparse solution which is closer to a discrete matrix than most other continuous relaxation methods for the matching problem. (3) The one-to-one matching constraints are better maintained in LSM solution. Promising experimental results show the effectiveness of the Proposed LSM method.
A preparation of surviving rat small intestine for the study of absorption

Despite the physiological importance of the activities of the intestinal mucosa, there have been few successful attempts to study it in isolation, and the impression has arisen that it is difficult or impossible to set up a satisfactory surviving intestine preparation apart from the body and still with a viable mucosa. The objects of this paper are to show that this is not so, to describe a preparation which can be set up with uniform success, and to describe its major properties. In outline, the preparation to be described is made by cannulating at both ends a segment of small intestine in an ether-anaesthetized rat, and setting up a closed circulation through its lumen of an oxygen-saturated, C02-bicarbonatebuffered fluid before the circulation through the intestinal wall is interrupted. The segment is suspended in a bath of oxygenated Ringer, and absorptive processes are followed by sampling the fluid circulating through the lumen (inner fluid) and the fluid bathing the exterior of the intestine (outer fluid). The success of the technique is believed to depend on the feature that there is no time at which the mucosal cells are deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. METHODS
The Siberian Journal of Special Education No 2 ( 6 ) 2012

The neuropathology of autism is punctutated by a heterochronicity of brain development. There is overgrowth of the brain at early stages of childhood with a disproportionate increase in its white matter. Parcellation of the white matter has found an increase in its outer radiate matter (e.g. arcuate fibers) with reductions in its inner compartment (e.g., corpus callosum). These changes may be the result of supernumerary periventricular germinal cell divisions which manifests itself as migratory deficits and a minicolumnopathy. Other findings such as loss of Purkinje cells and evidence of neuroiflammation may be the result of agonal or preagonal changes. Findings suggest that in autism there is a bias in connectivity favoring short connections at the expense of longer ones. Postmortem neuropathological studies in autism are based on reports of a very small number of brains. Due to the broad age spectrum as well as clinical diversity of ASD, the pattern of neuropathological changes is incomplete and inconsistent. Running title: neuropathology
Painful infection at the site of hip prosthesis: CT imaging.

PURPOSE To prospectively determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in the detection of painful infection at the site of hip prosthesis before surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Helical CT examinations of hip prostheses were prospectively performed before surgery after a standard clinical and radiologic examination of 65 patients. CT scans and conventional radiographs were reviewed for periprosthetic bone abnormalities, and CT scans were reviewed for periprosthetic soft-tissue abnormalities (joint distention, fluid-filled bursae, and fluid collection in muscles and perimuscular fat). Patients subsequently underwent revision arthroplasty within 1 month, and infection was diagnosed in 12 (19%) patients. RESULTS Infection was detected clinically in 25% of patients. Periprosthetic bone abnormalities did not allow differentiation of infection from complications not related to sepsis, except for periostitis, with 100% specificity but only 16% sensitivity. Soft-tissue findings were accurate for detection of infection, with 100% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Fluid collection in muscles and perimuscular fat had a 100% positive predictive value, and absence of joint distention had a 96% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION CT is accurate in the diagnosis of painful infection at the site of a hip prosthesis on the basis of soft-tissue findings, whereas periprosthetic bone abnormalities are not useful.
Effect of precipitates on thermal conductivity of aged Mg-5Sn alloy

Abstract The influence of precipitates on thermal conductivity of aged Mg-5Sn alloy has been investigated at different heat treatment temperatures. The results show that the thermal conductivity of aged Mg-5Sn alloy increases from 87.5 to 92.8 W·m−1·K−1 at 433 K for 720 h and from 87.5 to 122 W·m−1·K−1 at 513 K for 120 h with the increasing ageing time. The increasing rate of the former is obviously lower than that of the latter. Meanwhile, the Sn content of precipitates at 433 K is considerably below that of aged Mg-5Sn at 513 K. The interface between precipitates and α-Mg matrix is completely coherent at 433 K for 720 h. The increase in thermal conductivity is mainly attributed to the remaining Sn solutes in α-Mg matrix, and the interface relationship between precipitates and α-Mg matrix.
Mutualistic Interactions Drive Ecological Niche Convergence in a Diverse Butterfly Community

Ecological communities are structured in part by evolutionary interactions among their members. A number of recent studies incorporating phylogenetics into community ecology have upheld the paradigm that competition drives ecological divergence among species of the same guild. However, the role of other interspecific interactions, in particular positive interactions such as mutualism, remains poorly explored. We characterized the ecological niche and inferred phylogenetic relationships among members of a diverse community of neotropical Müllerian mimetic butterflies. Müllerian mimicry is one of the best studied examples of mutualism, in which unpalatable species converge in wing pattern locally to advertize their toxicity to predators. We provide evidence that mutualistic interactions can drive convergence along multiple ecological axes, outweighing both phylogeny and competition in shaping community structure. Our findings imply that ecological communities are adaptively assembled to a much greater degree than commonly suspected. In addition, our results show that phenotype and ecology are strongly linked and support the idea that mimicry can cause ecological speciation through multiple cascading effects on species' biology.
Striking Similarities in the Genomic Distribution of Tandemly Arrayed Genes in Arabidopsis and Rice

In Arabidopsis, tandemly arrayed genes (TAGs) comprise >10% of the genes in the genome. These duplicated genes represent a rich template for genetic innovation, but little is known of the evolutionary forces governing their generation and maintenance. Here we compare the organization and evolution of TAGs between Arabidopsis and rice, two plant genomes that diverged ~150 million years ago. TAGs from the two genomes are similar in a number of respects, including the proportion of genes that are tandemly arrayed, the number of genes within an array, the number of tandem arrays, and the dearth of TAGs relative to single copy genes in centromeric regions. Analysis of recombination rates along rice chromosomes confirms a positive correlation between the occurrence of TAGs and recombination rate, as found in Arabidopsis. TAGs are also biased functionally relative to duplicated, nontandemly arrayed genes. In both genomes, TAGs are enriched for genes that encode membrane proteins and function in “abiotic and biotic stress” but underrepresented for genes involved in transcription and DNA or RNA binding functions. We speculate that these observations reflect an evolutionary trend in which successful tandem duplication involves genes either at the end of biochemical pathways or in flexible steps in a pathway, for which fluctuation in copy number is unlikely to affect downstream genes. Despite differences in the age distribution of tandem arrays, the striking similarities between rice and Arabidopsis indicate similar mechanisms of TAG generation and maintenance.
Change of enclosure in langur monkeys: implications for the evaluation of environmental enrichment

A group of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) was studied before and after it was moved from an old cage-style enclosure to a novel naturalistic environment at the London Zoo. Eating and locomotion occupied more of the langurs' time in their new enclosure, whereas dozing, allogrooming, and aggression decreased, along with an increase in inter-individual distances. These changes are attributed to the larger area, the stimulating new environment, and the langurs' increased distance from visitors. Nevertheless, the study raises questions about how to define standards of desirable environmental enrichment, as the activity patterns recorded in both the old and new enclosures are within the variation observed in the wild.
Unravelling the mysteries of virulence gene regulation in Salmonella typhimurium

Salmonella typhimurium, which causes gastroenteritis in calves and humans as well as a typhoid‐like disease in mice, uses numerous virulence factors to infect its hosts. Genes encoding these factors are regulated by many environmental conditions and regulatory pathways in vitro. Many virulence genes are specifically induced at particular sites during infection or in cultured host cells. The complex regulation of virulence genes observed in vitro may be necessary to restrict their expression to specific locations within the host. In vitro and in vivo studies provide clues about how virulence genes might be regulated in vivo. Future studies must assess the actual environmental signals and regulators that modulate each virulence gene in vivo and determine how multiple regulatory pathways are integrated to co‐ordinate the appropriate expression of virulence factors at specific sites in vivo.
Sustained Inflations: Comparing Three Neonatal Resuscitation Devices

Background: Some national resuscitation guidelines advocate using sustained initial inflations (2–3 s) for babies requiring resuscitation. Inflation times ≧10 s have been used for preterm infants. Objectives: This study examines the ability of operators of varying experience to provide a sustained inflation using three different manual ventilation devices. Methods: We compared a self-inflating bag, a flow-inflating bag and a pressure-limited T-piece device. Fifty clinical staff members from five professional groups gave a sustained inflation with a target peak pressure of 30 cm H2O and target duration of 10 s to an internal leak-free manikin. We measured peak inflating pressure (PIP) and mean inflating pressure (MIP) during the sustained inflation, and the duration of inflating pressure (IP) >20 and 25 cm H2O. Results: Median (IQR) duration of IP >25 cm H2O was: self-inflating bag 2.5 s (0.8–5.7), flow-inflating bag 10.6 s (8.4–12.9) and the T-piece 10.7 s (8.9–11.9). There was a weak correlation between experience using a self-inflating bag and longer inflation times (R = 0.290, p = 0.041). When compared with the T-piece, the flow-inflating bag had lower mean MIP (27.0 ± 1.8 vs. 28.8 ± 2.0 cm H2O) and higher mean PIP (32.3 ± 3.7 vs. 29.8 ± 1.8 cm H2O). There were no differences in performance between operator groups. Conclusion: The T-piece provided consistent PIP during a single 10 s sustained inflation with less variation in pressure compared with the flow-inflating bag. Sustained inflations >3 s were difficult to achieve with a self-inflating bag.
An integrated model of traffic, geography and economy in the internet

Modeling Internet growth is important both for understanding the current network and to predict and improve its future. To date, Internet models have typically attempted to explain a subset of the following characteristics: network structure, traffic flow, geography, and economy. In this paper we present a discrete, agent-based model, that integrates all of them. We show that the model generates networks with topologies, dynamics, and more speculatively spatial distributions that are similar to the Internet.
Human kallikrein 8: immunoassay development and identification in tissue extracts and biological fluids.

BACKGROUND The serine protease human kallikrein 8 (hK8; neuropsin), a new member of the human kallikrein family, was predicted to be secreted; thus, it is expected to be present in biological fluids. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific immunoassay for hK8 (hK8-ELISA) and establish the distribution of hK8 in tissue extracts and biological fluids. METHODS Recombinant hK8 was produced in a baculovirus expression system and purified with a three-step chromatographic procedure. Purified hK8 was injected into mice and rabbits for antibody generation. A highly specific and sensitive sandwich-type immunoassay (ELISA) was developed using the rabbit and mouse antisera to hK8. The hK8-ELISA was then used to study the distribution of hK8 in various biological fluids and tissue extracts. RESULTS The dynamic range of the hK8-ELISA was 0.2 (detection limit) to 20 micro g/L, and imprecision (CV) was <10% within this range. This hK8-ELISA was specific for hK8 and had no detectable cross-reactivity with other members of the human kallikrein family. With this assay, hK8 was detected in tissue extracts of esophagus (highest concentrations), skin, testis, tonsil, kidney, breast, and salivary gland and in the biological fluids breast milk (highest concentrations), amniotic fluid, seminal plasma, and serum. Furthermore, in some cancer cell lines, the concentration of hK8 was regulated by steroid hormones. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time production of recombinant hK8 protein, generation of antibodies, and development of a highly sensitive and specific immunoassay for quantification of hK8 in tissue extracts and biological fluids. This assay can be used to explore the potential of hK8 as a marker of cancer or other conditions.
Speech and language processing for next-millennium communications services

In the future, the world of telecommunications will be vastly different than it is today. The driving force will be the seamless integration of real time communications (e.g. voice, video, music, etc.) and data into a single network, with ubiquitous access to that network anywhere, anytime, and by a wide range of devices. The only currently available ubiquitous access device to the network is the telephone, and the only ubiquitous user access technology mode is spoken voice commands and natural language dialogues with machines. In the future, new access devices and modes will augment speech in this role, but are unlikely to supplant the telephone and access by speech anytime soon. Speech technologies have progressed to the point where they are now viable for a broad range of communications services, including: compression of speech for use over wired and wireless networks; speech synthesis, recognition, and understanding for dialogue access to information, people, and messaging; and speaker verification for secure access to information and services. The paper provides brief overviews of these technologies, discusses some of the unique properties of wireless, plain old telephone service, and Internet protocol networks that make voice communication and control problematic, and describes the types of voice services available in the past and today, and those that we foresee becoming available over the next several years.
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhydrosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemmas revisited

ABSTRACT First described in 1932 by Dearborn as ‘congenital pure analgesia’, congenital insensitivity to pain and anhydrosis (CIPA) or hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type IV is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder. A 7-year-old female child who is an established case of congenital insensitivity to pain and anhydrosis visited the department of pediatric medicine with osteoarthritic neuropathy. A multidisciplinary team approach was utilized to treat the child under general anesthesia. This article also discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas involved in treating this type of children. How to cite this article: Ravichandra KS, Kandregula CR, Koya S, Lakhotia D. Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhydrosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemmas revisited. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1):75-81.
Management and 1 year outcome for UK children with type 2 diabetes

Objective: To report the 1-year outcome for children newly diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes in the UK. Design: Follow-up study of a UK national cohort. Subjects: All children under the age of 17 years diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes from 1 October 2004 to 31 October 2005 (inclusive). Results: Follow-up data were available for 73 of the 76 cases. The mean age at follow-up was 14.5 years, with mean duration of diabetes 1 year. The revised incidence of type 2 diabetes in the UK in children under 17 years is 0.6/100 000/year. The mean body mass index (BMI) SDS at diagnosis was 2.89, and mean change at 1 year was −0.11 (range −1.53 to +1.37). At 1 year, only 58% achieved the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes recommended treatment target (glycated haemoglobin ⩽7.0%). There was no relation between improvement in BMI and improvement in glycated haemoglobin. There was wide variation in choice of treatments and regimens. Hypertension is a common comorbidity (34%), whereas early nephropathy appears to be rare (4%). Evidence of polycystic ovarian disease was common in girls (26%). 22% of children had not been screened for nephropathy or retinopathy during the first year after diagnosis. Conclusions: The 3.8% mean reduction in BMI SDS in the first year after diagnosis indicates that many children find it hard to make the necessary lifestyle changes needed to positively affect metabolic health. Physicians are using a wide variety of treatment regimens, which are relatively effective in achieving glycaemic targets, but systematic screening for complications is incomplete. There is an urgent need to develop an evidence base for effective treatment and management protocols to reduce the risks of long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications.