Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of aneuploidy estimates in human sperm: Results of fluorescence in situ hybridization studies using two different scoring criteria

Aneuploidy estimates for chromosomes 1, 12, X, and Y were obtained in human sperm from five donors using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Disomy frequencies were obtained by scoring a minimum of 10,000 sperm for each chromosome probe per donor. This analysis was replicated for two scoring criteria: one used one half of a signal domain as the minimum distance between two signals to be counted as two and thus disomic; the other set one signal domain as the minimum distance between two signals. A total of 120,870 sperm were assessed using one half of a domain as the criterion, and 113,478 were scored using one domain as the criterion. The percentage of disomy for chromosomes 1, 12, X, Y, and XY was 0.18, 0.16, 0.15, 0.19, and 0.25, respectively, using the one‐half‐domain criterion, and 0.08, 0.17, 0.07, 0.12, and 0.16, respectively, using the one‐domain criterion. The percentage of disomy decreased significantly with use of one domain as the minimum distance for signal separation for all chromosomes except for chromosome number 12. These lower disomy frequencies correlated well with frequencies derived from human sperm karyotypes analyzed in our laboratory. This suggests that the fluorescent signals for chromosomes 1, X, and Y split into more than one domain in decondensed interphase sperm, and that the use of the one‐half‐domain criterion would lead to an overestimate of aneuploidy frequencies. The factors known to affect aneuploidy estimates derived from FISH studies are discussed, and recommendations for stringent scoring criteria are proposed. © 1995 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vaccination of COPD patients with a pneumococcus type 6B tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine

This paper examines how pneumococcal type 6B polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid (Pn6B-TT) compares to a 23 valent pneumococcal vaccine (pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS)-23) with respect to immunogenicity and serum opsonic activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with COPD aged 55–75 yrs were vaccinated with Pn6B-TT (n=10) or with PPS-23 (n=9). Healthy young adults (HA) were vaccinated with Pn6B-TT as controls. Total antibodies to serotype 6B polysaccharide were measured by radioimmunoassay and immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Opsonic activity was measured by a phagocytosis assay using human neutrophils as effector cells. The patient groups were comparable by age, smoking history, lung function and use of steroids. COPD patients vaccinated with Pn6B-TT or PPS-23 showed an increase in IgG antibodies and a nonsignificant increase in opsonic activity. This was similar to the increase in IgG and opsonic activity seen in HA. There was a significant correlation between antibody levels and opsonic activity in COPD patients vaccinated both with Pn6B-TT and PPS-23. Pneumococcal antibodies have been shown to confer protection from infection. The results of the present study indicate that protective immunity can be expected in elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients vaccinated with conjugate vaccines.
Childhoods under canvas: Campgrounds as spaces of resistance to protective parenting

Camping is an important activity for many New Zealand families, with half reporting to be regular campers or intending to camp. We explore the role of camping in the lives of 69 families undertaking this activity at five campgrounds over summer in the South Island of New Zealand. We argue that campgrounds are places that encourage children’s freedom, sense of adventure and experience of outdoor activities. The social capital evident in campgrounds enables families to adopt a less pressured and ‘hands-off’ parenting style which acts as an antidote to the pressured safety consciousness that prevails in their usual daily lives.
Perinatal and familial risk factors for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Swedish national cohort

Perinatal factors including high birth weight have been found to be associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in case‐control studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, these findings have seldom been examined in large population‐based cohort studies, and the specific contributions of gestational age and fetal growth remain unknown.
Decorrelation Distance Characterization of Long Term Fading of CW MIMO Channels in Urban Multicell Environment

An analysis of long-term fading properties of 4times4 CW MIMO channels is presented in this paper. The main focus has been on the long-term variability of MIMO channels in urban cellular environments, with emphasis on the decorrelation distance over mid range distances along the mobile trajectory for different base station antenna heights. A model that characterizes the decorrelation distance at different probability levels of distribution of the decorrelation distance is proposed. The model predicts that at some probability level all measured decorrelation distances will be within 1/2Deltax0 and 2Deltax0, where Deltax0 is the decorrelation distance at the e-1 level of the autocorrelation function
‘Give It Back, George’: Network Dynamics in the Philanthropic Field

This paper assumes a network dynamics perspective to explore the charitable sector campaign known as ‘Give it Back, George’, which overturned a threatening tax change announced in the UK Budget 2012. We consider network activity from diverse viewpoints. Collaboration by disparate players enhanced the campaign’s legitimacy, high-status actors with a tertius iungens strategic orientation eschewing the limelight while others took centre stage. While extant research has shown how lower-status actors may profit from the networks of prominent individuals, we demonstrate that the reverse may apply. We suggest that elite actors who activate ties and bring together disconnected others are often less visible than apparent dominant actors. Social movements are not always reformist but may be deployed by elite incumbents to preserve the status quo. The story we narrate here is therefore less concerned with field transformation than with field preservation at the elite level when faced with threatening change.
SociRank: Identifying and Ranking Prevalent News Topics Using Social Media Factors

Mass media sources, specifically the news media, have traditionally informed us of daily events. In modern times, social media services such as Twitter provide an enormous amount of user-generated data, which have great potential to contain informative news-related content. For these resources to be useful, we must find a way to filter noise and only capture the content that, based on its similarity to the news media, is considered valuable. However, even after noise is removed, information overload may still exist in the remaining data—hence, it is convenient to prioritize it for consumption. To achieve prioritization, information must be ranked in order of estimated importance considering three factors. First, the temporal prevalence of a particular topic in the news media is a factor of importance, and can be considered the media focus (MF) of a topic. Second, the temporal prevalence of the topic in social media indicates its user attention (UA). Last, the interaction between the social media users who mention this topic indicates the strength of the community discussing it, and can be regarded as the user interaction (UI) toward the topic. We propose an unsupervised framework—SociRank—which identifies news topics prevalent in both social media and the news media, and then ranks them by relevance using their degrees of MF, UA, and UI. Our experiments show that SociRank improves the quality and variety of automatically identified news topics.
Detecting certainness in spoken tutorial dialogues

What role does affect play in spoken tutorial systems and is it automatically detectable? We investigated the classification of student certainness in a corpus collected for ITSPOKE, a speech-enabled Intelligent Tutorial System (ITS). Our study suggests that tutors respond to indications of student uncertainty differently from student certainty. Results of machine learning experiments indicate that acoustic-prosodic features can distinguish student certainness from other student states. A combination of acoustic-prosodic features extracted at two levels of intonational analysis — breath groups and turns — achieves 76.42% classification accuracy, a 15.8% relative improvement over baseline performance. Our results suggest that student certainness can be automatically detected and utilized to create better spoke dialog ITSs.
Design of a Robotic Module for Autonomous Exploration and Multimode Locomotion

The mechanical design of a novel robotic module for a self-reconfigurable modular robotic system is presented in this paper. The robotic module, named Scout robot, was designed to serve both as a fully sensorized autonomous miniaturized robot for exploration in unstructured environments and as a module of a larger robotic organism. The Scout robot has a quasi-cubic shape of 105 mm × 105 mm × 123.5 mm, and weighs less than 1 kg. It is provided with tracks for 2-D locomotion and with two rotational DoFs for reconfiguration and macrolocomotion when assembled in a modular structure. A laser sensor was incorporated to measure the distance and relative angle to an object, and image-guided locomotion was successfully demonstrated. In addition, five Scout robot prototypes were fabricated, and multimodal locomotion of assembled robots was demonstrated.
Women's Gender Consciousness

Four dimensions of group consciousness that figure prominently in relative deprivation and resource mobilization/solidarity theories of social movements were measured in three national cross-section sample surveys over the decade of the 1970s by the Institute for Social Research. These dimensions-identification, discontent, withdrawal of legitimacy, and collective orientation-were applied to the gender consciousness of women. In all but one of these dimensions, women's gender consciousness was comparatively weak. It was not as pronounced as the group consciousness of other subordinate categories, nor was it distinctly subordinate because men expressed similar views. A structural interpretation of this comparative weakness is offered. Women did become more group conscious between 1972 and 1983. The increase was particularly pronounced with regard to their discontent about the relative political power of men and women and their views about the legitimacy of gender disparities. Patricia Gurin is Professor of Psychology and Faculty Associate at the Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, and a Resident Scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation, New York. The author acknowledges the helpful criticisms of an earlier draft by Arland Thornton and Mary Corcoran of The University of Michigan, Robert K. Merton of Columbia University, Faye J. Crosby of Yale University, and Rhea Kish of Ann Arbor, Michigan. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 49 143-163 C by the Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 0033-362X/85/0049-143/$2 50 This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.109 on Sun, 24 Apr 2016 06:36:12 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Ethological studies of child behaviour

Foreword N. Tinbergen Acknowledgements Part I. Introduction: 1. Characteristics of ethological studies of human behaviour N. Blurton Jones Part II. Child-Child Interactions: 2. Human non-verbal behaviour, a means of communication Christopher R. Brannigan and David A. Humphries 3. Patterns of play and social interaction in pre-school children Peter K. Smith and Kevin Connolly 4. Categories of child-child interaction N. Blurton Jones 5. Aspects of social development in nursery school children, with emphasis on introduction to the group W. C. McGrew 6. Reactions of pre-school children to a strange observer Kevin Connolly and Peter K. Smith Part III. Mother-Child Interactions: 7. An observational study of mother-infant interaction M. P. M. Richards and Judith F. Bernal 8. Attachment behaviour out of doors J. W. Anderson Behaviour of children and their mothers at separation and greeting N. Blurton Jones and Gill M. Leach 10. A comparison of the social behaviour of some normal and problem children Gill M. Leach 11. Aspects of the developmental ethology of a foraging people M. J. Konner 12. Comparative aspects of mother-child contact N. Blurton Jones 13. The evolution and ontogeny of hand function Kevin Connolly and John Elliott Indices.
Dysfunctional HCN ion channels in neurological diseases

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are expressed as four different isoforms (HCN1-4) in the heart and in the central and peripheral nervous systems. HCN channels are activated by membrane hyperpolarization at voltages close to resting membrane potentials and carry the hyperpolarization-activated current, dubbed If (funny current) in heart and Ih in neurons. HCN channels contribute in several ways to neuronal activity and are responsible for many important cellular functions, including cellular excitability, generation, and modulation of rhythmic activity, dendritic integration, transmission of synaptic potentials, and plasticity phenomena. Because of their role, defective HCN channels are natural candidates in the search for potential causes of neurological disorders in humans. Several data, including growing evidence that some forms of epilepsy are associated with HCN mutations, support the notion of an involvement of dysfunctional HCN channels in different experimental models of the disease. Additionally, some anti-epileptic drugs are known to modify the activity of the Ih current. HCN channels are widely expressed in the peripheral nervous system and recent evidence has highlighted the importance of the HCN2 isoform in the transmission of pain. HCN channels are also present in the midbrain system, where they finely regulate the activity of dopaminergic neurons, and a potential role of these channels in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease has recently emerged. The function of HCN channels is regulated by specific accessory proteins, which control the correct expression and modulation of the neuronal Ih current. Alteration of these proteins can severely interfere with the physiological channel function, potentially predisposing to pathological conditions. In this review we address the present knowledge of the association between HCN dysfunctions and neurological diseases, including clinical, genetic, and physiopathological aspects.
An Algorithm for Generating Referential Descriptions with Flexible Interfaces

Most algorithms dedicated to the generation of referential descriptions widely suffer from a fundamental problem: they make too strong assumptions about adjacent processing components, resulting in a limited coordination with their perceptive and linguistics data, that is, the provider for object descriptors and the lexical expression by which the chosen descriptors is ultimately realized. Motivated by this deficit, we present a new algorithm that (1) allows for a widely unconstrained, incremental, and goal-driven selection of descriptors, (2) integrates linguistic constraints to ensure the expressibility of the chosen descriptors, and (3) provides means to control the appearance of the created referring expression. Hence, the main achievement of our approach lies in providing a core algorithm that makes few assumptions about other processing components and improves the flow of control between modules.
The Effective Size of Mixed Sexually and Asexually Reproducing Populations

Using the transition matrix of inbreeding and coancestry coefficients, the inbreeding (NeI), variance (NeV), and asymptotic (Neλ) effective sizes of mixed sexual and asexual populations are formulated in terms of asexuality rate (δ), variance of asexual (C) and sexual (K) reproductive contributions of individuals, correlation between asexual and sexual contributions (ρck), selfing rate (β), and census population size (N). The trajectory of NeI toward Neλ changes crucially depending on δ, N, and β, whereas that of NeV is rather consistent. With increasing asexuality, Neλ either increases or decreases depending on C, K, and ρck. The parameter space in which a partially asexual population has a larger Neλ than a fully sexual population is delineated. This structure is destroyed when N(1 –δ) < 1 or δ> 1 –1/N. With such a high asexuality, tremendously many generations are required for the asymptotic size Neλ to be established, and Neλ is extremely large with any value of C, K, and ρck because the population is dominated eventually by individuals of the same genotype and the allelic diversity within the individuals decays quite slowly. In reality, the asymptotic state would occur only occasionally, and instantaneous rather than asymptotic effective sizes should be practical when predicting evolutionary dynamics of highly asexual populations.
Agency or Illness—The Conceptualization of Trafficking: Victims’ Choices and Behaviors in the Assistance System

Abstract Trafficking in women has become a high profile issue during recent years. However, there is still relatively little attention being paid to assistance systems for the victims, more particularly to how assistance is conceptualized and implemented. In this article, the authors argue that there are attitudes and values inherent in many of these systems that are not necessarily conducive to the recovery of trafficking victims. Through an analysis of interviews with institutional representatives in Southeast Europe and victims of trafficking, the authors argue that there is a tendency to pathologize women’s choices to migrate and to enter prostitution as a means of explaining this ‘deviant’ behavior. This, in turn, opens up the use of restrictions for victims of trafficking in the form of limitations in and supervision of communication with people outside the assistance system and also closed shelter facilities. Restrictions may infantilize program beneficiaries and impact their agency and ability to dissent and negotiate within the program framework. Further, they reflect a focus on how these women and their behaviors seemingly need to be corrected to conform to a preconceived idea of a victim of trafficking and a ‘rehabilitated victim’. To some extent, these beliefs are also adopted by trafficked women and girls who receive assistance.
Integrated Gut and Liver Microphysiological Systems for Quantitative In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Studies

Investigation of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a compound is of significant importance during the early stages of drug development, and therefore several in vitro systems are routinely employed for this purpose. However, the need for more physiologically realistic in vitro models has recently fueled the emerging field of tissue-engineered 3D cultures, also referred to as organs-on-chips, or microphysiological systems (MPSs). We have developed a novel fluidic platform that interconnects multiple MPSs, allowing PK studies in multi-organ in vitro systems along with the collection of high-content quantitative data. This platform was employed here to integrate a gut and a liver MPS together in continuous communication, and investigate simultaneously different PK processes taking place after oral drug administration in humans (e.g., intestinal permeability, hepatic metabolism). Measurement of tissue-specific phenotypic metrics indicated that gut and liver MPSs can be fluidically coupled with circulating common medium without compromising their functionality. The PK of diclofenac and hydrocortisone was investigated under different experimental perturbations, and results illustrate the robustness of this integrated system for quantitative PK studies. Mechanistic model-based analysis of the obtained data allowed the derivation of the intrinsic parameters (e.g., permeability, metabolic clearance) associated with the PK processes taking place in each MPS. Although these processes were not substantially affected by the gut-liver interaction, our results indicate that inter-MPS communication can have a modulating effect (hepatic metabolism upregulation). We envision that our integrative approach, which combines multi-cellular tissue models, multi-MPS platforms, and quantitative mechanistic modeling, will have broad applicability in pre-clinical drug development.
Study of the azimuthal asymmetry of jets in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA

The azimuthal distribution of jets produced in the Breit frame in high-Q deep inelastic ep scattering has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb. The measured azimuthal distribution shows a structure that is well described by next-to-leading-order QCD predictions over the Q range considered, Q > 125 GeV. The ZEUS Collaboration S. Chekanov, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Yoshida Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4815 n M.C. K. Mattingly Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104-0380 P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli, A. Zichichi University and INFN Bologna, Bologna, Italy e G. Aghuzumtsyan, D. Bartsch, I. Brock, S. Goers, H. Hartmann, E. Hilger, P. Irrgang, H. -P. Jakob, A. Kappes, U.F. Katz, O. Kind, E. Paul, J. Rautenberg, R. Renner, H. Schnurbusch, A. Stifutkin, J. Tandler, K.C. Voss, M. Wang, A. Weber Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany b D.S. Bailey, N.H. Brook, J.E. Cole, B. Foster, G.P. Heath, H.F. Heath, S. Robins, E. Rodrigues, J. Scott, R.J. Tapper, M. Wing H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom m M. Capua, A. Mastroberardino, M. Schioppa, G. Susinno Calabria University, Physics Department and INFN, Cosenza, Italy e J.Y. Kim, Y.K. Kim, J.H. Lee, I.T. Lim, M.Y. Pac Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea g A. Caldwell, M. Helbich, X. Liu, B. Mellado, Y. Ning, S. Paganis, Z. Ren, W.B. Schmidke, F. Sciulli Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University, Irvington on Hudson, New York 10027 o J. Chwastowski, A. Eskreys, J. Figiel, K. Olkiewicz, P. Stopa, L. Zawiejski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Cracow, Poland i L. Adamczyk, T. Bo ld, I. Grabowska-Bo ld, D. Kisielewska, A.M. Kowal, M. Kowal, T. Kowalski, M. Przybycień, L. Suszycki, D. Szuba, J. Szuba Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques, University of Mining and Metallurgy, Cracow, Poland p A. Kotański, W. S lomiński Department of Physics, Jagellonian University, Cracow, Poland
Anti‐cytokeratin 20 staining of Merkel cells helps differentiate basaloid proliferations overlying dermatofibromas from basal cell carcinoma

Background: Basaloid epidermal proliferations (BEP), morphologically resembling basal cell carcinoma (BCC), have been described overlying dermatofibromas. Distinguishing the two is important because of non‐aggressiveness of BEP and local aggressiveness of BCC. The aim of this study is to determine whether CK20 antibody staining for Merkel cells can be used as an adjunct method to differentiate BEP from BCC.
The Perpendicular Error and the Vertical Effect in Children's Drawing

It has been known for some time that children have particular difficulty drawing lines that are not perpendicular. But this difficulty has not been studied systematically. By systematically varying, in three experiments, the baseline, the response, and the kind of figures to be copied, we showed that the tendency to draw angles as more perpendicular than they actually are is a general one which occurs as much with abstract as with meaningful material and with radically different responses. We also discovered an unexpected effect, the vertical effect, which takes the form of the error occurring much less when a vertical baseline is involved than with other baselines.