Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Transfer Process

Researchers are beginning to understand that there are some differential effects on students in relation to exposure to part-time faculty; one possible explanation may be differences depending on program area. This study explores whether exposure to part-time faculty differentially affects students’ likelihood of transferring across academic program areas. The findings confirm prior research identifying a negative relationship between students’ instructional time with part-time faculty and their probability of transferring from a community college to a 4-year institution; however, the results indicated no differential effects of exposure to part-time faculty depending on program area. As scholars highlight differences among part-time faculty depending on academic discipline, this research suggests that these differences do not translate into differential effects on students’ likelihood of transferring.
Recognising New Kinds of Direct Sex Discrimination: Transsexualism, Sexual Orientation and Dress Codes

The concept of direct sex discrimination in EC and UK law has recently been invoked in three contexts which, at first glance, appear unrelated. In P v S and Cornwall County Council,' a male-to-female transsexual manager succeeded in persuading the European Court of Justice (ECJ) that her dismissal was direct sex discrimination under the Equal Treatment Directive (ETD). 2 But in R v Ministry of Defence, exp Smith,3 four gay and lesbian members of the armed forces failed to convince the Court of Appeal that their dismissals were direct sex discrimination under the ETD. And in Smith v Safeway plc,4 a pony-tail-wearing male delicatessen assistant saw the Court of Appeal reject his direct sex discrimination argument in upholding his dismissal under the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (SDA). What do these plaintiffs' cases have in common? Can each one be analysed as a case of direct sex discrimination? If not, was P correctly decided? If so, were Ministry of Defence and Safeway correctly decided? I will begin this article by outlining a proposed general concept of direct sex discrimination and by identifying eight potential kinds of direct sex discrimination that seem to fit this general concept. After a brief discussion of some of the differences among these eight kinds, I will then focus on the three kinds at issue in P, Ministry of Defence and Safeway: discrimination against (i) transsexual persons, (ii) gay, lesbian and bisexual persons, and (iii) persons who violate sex-distinct dress codes. Before turning to the proposed general concept of direct sex discrimination, I must explain the terminology I will be using. I will use 'sex' to mean 'biological sex' and, more precisely, because the indicia of biological sex (eg chromosomes, gonads, genitals) may conflict, 'chromosomal sex,' ie whether a person is chromosomally male (XY) or female (XX), or belongs to another chromosomal category. 'Sex,' 'men' and 'women' will thus mean 'chromosomal sex,' 'chromosomal males' and 'chromosomal females,' but the latter more precise terms will often not be used where those affected by a particular kind of direct sex discrimination are mainly non-transsexual. I will use 'psychological sex'5 to refer to whether a person, regardless of their chromosomal sex or physical sex characteristics (gonads, hormones, genitals, presence or absence of breasts or a uterus or a prostate, physique, body or facial hair, voice pitch, etc), considers
Self-Concept, School, and Social Setting: A Comparison of Rural Appalachian and Urban Non-Appalachian Sixth Graders

AbstractEducators have become increasingly interested in the ability of schools to enhance student selfconcept, either as a means to the end of academic achievement or as an educational end in itself. This research compared the general self-concept score and the scores on six self-concept clusters (behavior; intellectual and school status; physical appearance and attributes; anxiety; popularity; happiness and satisfaction) of 86 rural, Appalachian sixth graders and 80 urban, non-Appalachian sixth graders using the Piers-Harris Children s Self-Concept Scale. The rural, Appalachian sample scored significantly lower in general self-concept and on the following four selfconcept clusters: behavior; intelligence and school status; physical appearance and attributes; happiness and satisfaction. However, no significant relationship was found between self-concept and achievement in either of the samples. The indication is that regardless of achievement level the rural Appalachian children possess a significantly m.
Wear and tool life of tungsten carbide , PCBN and PCD cutting tools

The wear mechanisms of cutting tools made of tungsten-carbide (WC), PCBN and PCD were investigated using the tool life and temperature results available in the literature. For tool/work combinations WC/steel and PCBN/hardened-steel, under practical conditions, tool wear was found to be greatly influenced by the temperature. It was concluded that the most likely dominant tool wear mechanism for WC is diffusion and that for PCBN is chemical wear. For PCD, more experimental results and hence further research is required to determine the dominant wear mechanism. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Constructing Soldiers from Boys in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

This study is part of an ethnography focusing on war rape in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo where child soldiers are both victims and perpetrators of violence. Twelve ex-child soldier boys, aged thirteen to eighteen years, from a reintegration facility were interviewed about their soldiering experiences and their perspectives on sexual violence. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Conceptual frameworks of militarized masculine identity and gender-based violence guided the process. Results revealed the systematic and violent construction of children into soldiers, inculcating a “militarized masculinity”; a rigid set of stereotypical hypermasculinized behaviors promoting dominance by violating, sexually and otherwise, the subordinate “other. ” This was achieved through terrorizing/coercing, use of indigenous preparations, substance abuse, and forbidden reflection. This article presents a more contextualized complex view of the violent perpetrator whose behaviors are a manifestation of the modes and mechanisms in which society has constructed/reconstructed gender, ethnicity, and class, and the power dynamics therein.
ROLE OF THE CLOTTING SYSTEM IN CELL-MEDIATED HYPERSENSITIVITY

The expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in animals has been inhibited by a variety of anticoagulants, but direct evidence for activation of clotting in the evolution of these reactions has been lacking. Using the fluorescent antibody technique we here demonstrate that fibrin deposition is a prominent and consistent feature of both allergic contact dermatitis and classic delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions in man. Fib was detected in 55 of 58 delayed reactions studied at the peak of their intensity. The characteristic distribution of Fib—principally in the intervascular portions of the reticular dermis with sparing of vessels and their associated cuffs of mononuclear cells—is unusual and quite different from that described in antibody-mediated lesions in animals or man. Fib was found in vessel walls in only 2 of 94 biopsies studied. With a single exception, deposition of immunoglobulins and complement was not observed. The pathogensis and significance of Fib deposition in these reactions are not yet clear. Fib is ultimately derived from circulating fibrinogen, and its accumulation provides additional evidence for locally increased vascular permeability in delayed hypersensitivity. Polymerization of extravascular fibrinogen could be triggered nonspecifically by dermal elements (e.g., collagen) or by a product of sensitized lymphocytes. The appearance of Fib early in the development of these reactions (4–8 h after epicutaneous test with DNCB) and inhibition studies with anticoagulants together suggest that clotting may have a role in their pathogenesis, possibly by the release of bioactive peptides from fibrinogen/fibrin or by contributing to the induration characteristic of delayed hypersensitivity.
Distributional Phonetic Learning at 10 Months of Age.

Infant phonetic perception reorganizes in accordance with the native language by 10 months of age. One mechanism that may underlie this perceptual change is distributional learning, a statistical analysis of the distributional frequency of speech sounds. Previous distributional learning studies have tested infants of 6-8 months, an age at which native phonetic categories have not yet developed. Here, three experiments test infants of 10 months to help illuminate perceptual ability following perceptual reorganization. English-learning infants did not change discrimination in response to nonnative speech sound distributions from either a voicing distinction (Experiment 1) or a place-of-articulation distinction (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, familiarization to the place-of-articulation distinction was doubled to increase the amount of exposure, and in this case infants began discriminating the sounds. These results extend the processes of distributional learning to a new phonetic contrast, and reveal that at 10 months of age, distributional phonetic learning remains effective, but is more difficult than before perceptual reorganization.
International Socialization in the New Europe:

The international relations of the `new Europe' are shaped by a process of international socialization in which the Western community transmits its constitutive liberal norms to Central and Eastern Europe. This process neither fits rationalist assumptions about international politics in a technical environment nor sociological theories of action. Rather, international socialization in the new Europe is best explained as a process of rational action in a normatively institutionalized international environment. Under these conditions, rational state behaviour is constrained by value-based norms of legitimate statehood and proper conduct. Selfish political actors conform to these norms in order to reap the benefits of international legitimacy, but as instrumental actors they also calculate whether these benefits are worth the costs of conformity and how they can be reaped efficiently. An empirical analysis of the behaviour of the Western socialization agencies and the CEE countries supports this perspective on international socialization.
Social networks and the cognitive motivation to realize network opportunities: a study of managers' information gathering behaviors

Information gathering is central to a variety of organizational behavior theories, but researchers have suggested that our understanding of the actual information gathering behaviors of managers is underdeveloped. Social network characteristics are theorized to be a key determinant of information gathering behaviors, but social network research has been criticized for: (1) not measuring the intervening mechanisms by which network characteristics are theorized to have their effects and (2) not considering how actors' motivation affects what network benefits are realized. This article addresses these concerns through an empirical study of the actual information gathering behaviors of managers. It posits that individual differences in a personality variable called need for cognition capture differences in actors' cognitive motivation to realize the potential information benefits that exist in their social networks. Results show that network characteristics do affect information benefits, but these effects are stronger for managers motivated to take advantage of them. These findings both support social capital theory and suggest the important role that personality can play in augmenting social network analyses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive Design - the desire for autonomous upright mobility: A longitudinal case study

When a child is born with a motor disability, making it difficult or impossible to acquire independent locomotion, a challenging task is to find assistive compensating technology. This study addresses the motor needs of a child, Hanna, with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA II). She participated in the development of her assistive technology, with a focus on her independent locomotion and posture, during her infancy, childhood and early teens in a longitudinal and interactive design project. From the very beginning, she expressed a strong attraction to autonomous upright mobility, in contrast to the more common sitting posture in a wheelchair. She has used different versions of the resulting powered walking aid ever since. The upright independent locomotion it has afforded has been of major importance for her self-image, independence and physical development.
College Basketball and Role Conflict: A National Survey

Data from a national survey of college basketball players are analyzed to identify conditions that cause student athlete role conflict and the coping mechanisms used to make this conflict more manageable. NCAA division was found to be strongly related to role conflict regardless of the measure used. Gender was also found to have an impact. Role conflict was also related to scholarship status, the number of hours athletes perceive they must devote to basketball, and whether they believe their coaches make unreasonable demands on their time and energy. It was also found that athletes who ranked low in their high school graduating class and had sought help from an academic counselor were more likely than others to deal with role conflict by taking various academic shortcuts. One final conclusion is that the vast majority of college athletes, with the exception of Division I males, have little problem reconciling their roles as athletes and students.
Interferon- (cid:1) Is Functionally an Interferon but Structurally Related to the Interleukin-10 Family *

Interferon- (cid:1) (IFN- (cid:1) ) is an antiviral cytokine that signals through a distinct receptor complex, composed of the IFN- (cid:1) R1 andinterleukin-10R2(IL-10R2)receptorchains.Wehavedeter-mined the crystal structure of human IFN- (cid:1) 3 and characterized the interaction with its receptor complex through structure-based site-directed mutagenesis. The ability of IFN- (cid:1) 3 mutants to signal was determined by measuring the antiviral activity and induced STAT2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, our data show that, although IFN- (cid:1) is functionally an interferon, it is clearly structurally related to members of the IL-10 family. In particu-lar, we found an interesting similarity between IFN- (cid:1) and IL-22, and we suggest that IFN- (cid:1) and IL-22 possess parallel functions, protecting epithelial tissue against viral and bacterial infections, respectively.
Preliminary Models of Conceptual Linkages Among Proxemic Variables

Since a major purpose of this issue is to stimulate some consideration of the relationship that may exist among the various proxemic variables, we would like to outline what we consider to be the prevailing models which many proxemic researchers are currently employing. Unfortunately, in most cases these conceptualizations are not explicit nor are they directive in the sense that they have stimulated integrative programs of research. In particular, most proxemic research exists as a disconnected array of independent studies that are often performed with questionable research methodologies. The task of examining how the various data fit together is left to others. We suspect that at least one strong unifying premise that exists among the participants in this issue is the belief that this state of affairs is not at all healthy or likely to be productive for a better understanding of spatial behavior.
Older prisoners: Challenges for inmates and prison management

There is considerable evidence pointing towards the growth of older prisoner populations in Australia. This article presents findings from the first large-scale study of older prisoners in Australia (N = 173), examining functional independence, aspects of the prison environment which present difficulties for less able older prisoners, the uptake of prison programs and social functioning from the perspective of older prisoners. Results indicate that 22% of prisoners aged 50 years and older required assistance in day-to-day tasks, and that bunks, stairs and bathroom facilities presented the greatest difficulties for older inmates. The majority of older prisoners (77%) engaged in prison work and approximately one half of those nearing release had attended offending behaviour programs. Prisoners aged 65 years and older were more likely to describe social disconnection, were more likely to be experiencing functional impairments and victimisation in prison, and those experiencing functional impairment were more likely to report feeling unsafe in prison compared to prisoners aged 50 to 64 years. Implications for corrections planning and prison management are discussed.
Father Involvement in Childhood and Trouble With the Police in Adolescence

This longitudinal study investigated the role of early father involvement (at age 7) in juvenile delinquency controlling for the effect of mother involvement at age 7 and other risk and protective factors. For both genders, family size in childhood and low academic motivation in adolescence were positively related to trouble with the police at age 16. Uniquely for boys, IQ and father involvement were negatively related to trouble with the police. Trouble with the police in adolescence was also related with non-intact family structure in childhood in girls, and with parental criminality in boys
Electrophysiological mechanisms for antiarrhythmic efficacy and positive inotropy of liriodenine, a natural aporphine alkaloid from Fissistigma glaucescens

1 . The antiarrhythmic potential and electromechanical effects of liriodenine, an aporphine alkaloid isolated from the plant, Fissistigma glaucescens, were examined. 2 . In the Langendorff perfused (with constant pressure) rat heart, at a concentration of 0.3 to 3 μm, liriodenine was able to convert a polymorphic ventricular tachyrhythmia induced by the ischaemia‐reperfusion (EC50 = 0.3 μm). 3 . In isolated atrial and ventricular muscle, liriodenine increased the contractile force and slowed the spontaneous beating of the right atrium. 4 . The liriodenine‐induced positive inotropy was markedly attenuated by a transient outward K+ channel blocker, 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) but was not significantly affected by prazosin, propranolol, verapamil or carbachol. 5 . In rat isolated ventricular myocytes, liriodenine prolonged action potential duration and decreased the maximal upstroke velocity of phase 0 depolarization (V̇max) and resting membrane potential in a concentration‐dependent manner. The action potential amplitude was not significantly changed. 6 . Whole‐cell voltage clamp study revealed that liriodenine blocked the Na+ channel (INa) concentration‐dependently (IC50 = 0.7 μm) and caused a leftward shift of its steady‐state inactivation curve. However, its recovery rate from the inactivated state was not affected. The L‐type Ca2+ currents (ICa) were also decreased, but to a lesser degree (IC50 = 2.5 μm, maximal inhibition = 35%). 7 . Liriodenine inhibited the 4‐AP‐sensitive transient outward current (Ito) (IC50 = 2.8 μm) and moderately accelerated its rate of decay. The block of Ito was not associated with changes in the voltage‐dependence of the steady‐state inactivation curve or in the process of recovery from inactivation of the current. Liriodenine also reduced the amplitude of a slowly inactivating, steady‐state outward current (Iss) (IC50 = 1.9 μm). These effects were consistent with its prolonging effect on action potential duration. The inwardly rectifying background K+ current (IK***1), was also decreased but to a less degree. 8 . Compared to quinidine, liriodenine exerted a stronger degree of block on INa, comparable degree of block on IK1, and lesser extent of block on ICa and Ito. 9 . It is concluded that, through inhibition of Na+ and the Ito channel, liriodenine can suppress ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischaemia reperfusion. The positive inotropic effect can be explained by inhibition of the Ito channel and the subsequent prolongation of action potential duration. These results provide a satisfactory therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
Polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in AIDS patients

We used a test based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in 11 CSF samples from 10 HIV-seropositive patients in whom tuberculous meningitis was suspected. PCR was positive in nine samples from eight patients in whom clinical data, CSF findings, evidence of tuberculosis at an extraneural site, and response to antituberculous drug therapy supported the diagnosis, whereas cultures were positive in five of these nine samples and staining in only one. The PCR was negative in 14 CSF samples from the control group.
A Decision Procedure for the Correctness of a Class of Programs

Verification of certain properties of a class of programs is considered. The programs are written In a miniprogrammmg language that has variables of only two data types, a linear array of elements, and pomters to these elements. The array elements can only be exchanged; pointers can only be incremented or decremented by one Program properties to be venfied are expressed in a severely restricted assertion language which contains essentially Boolean expressions of comparisons among pointers and among array elements Several in-place sorting algorithms can be readily written and asserted m these languages A decision procedure for the truthhood of the verification conditions generated for the above class of asserted programs is presented An algorithm for generating counterexamples for false verification conditions is also given The theorem prover can be readily implemented using simple graph algorithms The objective of this exercise is to use problem knowledge to design simple and efficient verifiers. The techmques developed seem applicable to wider classes of programs mampulatmg data structures.
The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology

INTRODUCTION This book was “built on the principle of examining the broad spectrum of research and practice on the psychology of excellent performance, in sport and in many other domains” (p. xix). With a total of forty chapters, it is divided into the following six parts: The Nature and Scope of Sport and Performance Psychology, Individual Psychological Processes in Performance, Social Psychological Processes in Performance, Human Development and Performance, Interventions in Sport and Performance Psychology, and Future Directions. The editor, Shane Murphy is a licensed psychologist and Professor in Psychology at Western Connecticut State University, USA, having previously been head of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC)’s Sport Psychology Department (1987-1994 (p. ix). Many of the chapters are essentially up-to-date, authoritative reviews of well-trodden areas of sport psychology; e.g., Motivation: Self-Determination Theory and Performance in Sport (Martyn Standage), Leadership and Manifestations of Sport (Packianathan Chelladurai), Moral Behavior in Sport (Maria Kavussanu), and A Developmental Approach to Sport Expertise (Jean Cote and Bruce Abernethy). This book review focuses on three chapters in the book which are concerned with bridging the gap between sport psychology and performance psychology.