Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Focus Theory, Trust, and Privacy Concern

Relationship marketing typically requires organizations to continually collect customer information. Two distinct approaches coexist to encourage customers to disclose information: reducing privacy concern and building trust, which in the past have been examined in isolation. In the present study, regulatory focus theory is used to integrate both approaches and examine their distinct response behaviors concurrently. The findings are robust across two studies with different methods and contexts. As suggested in the proposed model, trust and privacy concern are the two central mediating variables with differentiated effects on promotion and prevention-focused behaviors. Specifically, trust mediates fairness perceptions on promotion-focused behaviors (i.e., relational behavior, relationship investment, and repatronage intentions), whereas privacy concern mediates fairness perceptions on prevention-focused behaviors (i.e., defensive, deflective, and disruptive behaviors). Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Lack of ABCA1 Considerably Decreases Brain ApoE Level and Increases Amyloid Deposition in APP23 Mice*

ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) is a major regulator of cholesterol efflux and high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Mutations in human ABCA1 cause severe HDL deficiencies characterized by the virtual absence of apoA-I and HDL and prevalent atherosclerosis. Recently, it has been reported that the lack of ABCA1 causes a significant reduction of apoE protein level in the brain of ABCA1 knock-out (ABCA1-/-) mice. ApoE isoforms strongly affect Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology and risk. To determine further the effect of ABCA1 on amyloid deposition, we used APP23 transgenic mice in which the human familial Swedish AD mutant is expressed only in neurons. We demonstrated that the targeted disruption of ABCA1 increases amyloid deposition in APP23 mice, and the effect is manifested by an increased level of Aβ immunoreactivity, as well as thioflavine S-positive plaques in brain parenchyma. We found that the lack of ABCA1 also considerably increased the level of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and exacerbated cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related microhemorrhage in APP23/ABCA1-/- mice. Remarkably, the elevation in parenchymal and vascular amyloid in APP23/ABCA1-/- mice was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the level of soluble brain apoE, although insoluble apoE was not changed. The elevation of insoluble Aβ fraction in old APP23/ABCA1-/- mice, accompanied by a lack of changes in APP processing and soluble β-amyloid in young APP23/ABCA1-/- animals, supports the conclusion that the ABCA1 deficiency increases amyloid deposition. These results suggest that ABCA1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of parenchymal and cerebrovascular amyloid pathology and thus may be considered a therapeutic target in AD.
Patterns of Positive and Negative Symptoms in First Episode Schizophrenia

Background The aim is to examine, in first episodes of schizophrenia the appropriateness of the simple two-dimensional model of schizophrenia (‘negative’ and ‘positive’ dimensions) and more complex variants. Method All patients with a first episode of schizophrenia who, over a two-year period, made contact with any of the public mental health services of the autonomous region of Cantabria in northern Spain were investigated. The psychiatric evaluation included, among other instruments, the Present State Examination (PSE–9), and the scales for the assessment of the ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ symptoms of schizophrenia (SAPS and SANS respectively). The dimensionality of the SAPS/SANS item scores and sub-scales was examined through the use of principal component analysis. Results The principal component solution that best fits the data obtained with the initial SANS/SAPS sub-scales reflects the existence of three different (‘negative’ ‘positive’, ‘disorganisation’) factors. The strategy adopted of repeating the analysis after extracting the principal components of the original sub-scales, revealed that although the nature and item composition of the initial ‘negative’ and ‘disorganisation’ factors were in general confirmed, the ‘positive’ dimension presented a more complex structure with at least two ‘positive’ (‘Non-Paranoid’ and ‘Paranoid’) independent factors. Conclusion The psychopathological structure of the early stages of schizophrenia, as evaluated by the SANS/SAPS, is characterised by the presence of four dimensions: two ‘positive’, one ‘negative’ and one ‘disorganisation‘.
Enhancing Summaries with Conceptual Spaces

Library science is the predecessor of the present information retrieval (IR) technology. Since decades, libraries were the source of information and knowledge to one and all. A library meant a mammoth structure, home to thousands of books and journals. People from far away lands came to great libraries where they used to learn and later contributed. These people then became the source of information to other people. In present society, we will find a shift in paradigm. Today, thousands of books can be stored on a hand held device or a personal computer like our own personal library. Furthermore, Internet has given the capability of easy accessible knowledge to every person. With age internet services have matured and people are more comfortable to share and contribute content via this medium. This resulted in multiple sources of information pertaining to any single topic. There is no bound on the language of each of these sources. So, now we have many sources in multiple languages. This has led to a whole new set of problems that are needed to be solved by the IR community. The main focus of these problems is management of huge information. They need to figure out what different methods can be used to understand and impart structure to the information. Furthermore, individual needs play an important role to decide the information managing strategies. So, the focus has shifted from getting the information to getting the right information. This work is a step in that direction. We address the problem of Text Summarization and its multilingual solution. Although text summarization is a relatively older problem, the internet age has given a new direction and importance to it. Therefore, the summarization methods are needed to be improvised and novel solutions are needed. In our methodology, we initially focus on changing the heuristic based representation of text to meaningful representation of the text. We have used Hyperspace Analogue to Language (HAL) to represent the text, it is a computational model based upon a cognitive model called Conceptual Spaces. The properties of conceptual spaces allow us to represent words and sentences in the same space, called HAL space. Then, we modeled the problem of summarization as selecting those set of sentences which can represent the source text in the most meaningful manner. To handle the redundancy in summaries we propose a novel mechanism which is effective in the HAL space. Our method is language independent making it scalable over different languages. We provide useful insights into formation of conceptual space using textual examples and behavior of metrics using intrinsic experiments. Intrinsic experiments and extrinsic evaluation were conducted on DUC 2001 and DUC 2002 datasets. The results of extrinsic
A WiMAX-based Connectionless Approach for High Mobility MANET

Many communication techniques for MANET are connection-oriented approach. A route from source to the destination node must be discovered before data transmission. The high mobility causes the topology of MANET to be unpredictable and a significant overhead on route recovery. A connection-oriented approach is thus unsuitable for data transmission under high mobility MANET. In this paper, a revolutionary connectionless approach is proposed by incorporating a wide-range network and MANET. It is called OHLAR (one-hop location-aided routing). Locations of mobile nodes are important information for data packet transmission. A WiMAX base station is assumed available for interchanging locations of mobile nodes. OHLAR is simple and efficient since data is forwarded to a mobile node closest to the destination for every hop. We use NS-2 to evaluate the performance of OHLAR under high mobility situation and high node density. Simulation results show that OHLAR can keep high delivery ratio, low end-to-end delay, and low control overhead under high mobility and node density.
Visuospatial memory improvement in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI): a 1-year follow-up study

Objective Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is prevalent in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is often associated with poor outcomes and cognitive impairment, including memory deficits. Few studies have explored visual memory after TBI and its relationship to executive functioning. Executive functioning is crucial for remembering an object’s location, operating devices, driving, and route finding. We compared visual memory performance via the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test 6 and 12 months after DAI. Method In total, 40 patients (mean age 28.7 years; 87.5% male) with moderate-to-severe DAI following a road traffic accident completed the 1-year follow-up. There was a three-phase prospective assessment. In phase 1 (1–3 months after trauma), patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). In phases 2 (6 months) and 3 (12 months), they completed the BDI, STAI, and a neuropsychological battery [ROCF copy and recall, digit span forward/backward, Grooved Pegboard test, intelligence quotient (IQ) by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III)]. Results There was an improvement in ROCF recall over time (p=0.013), but not ROCF copy (p=0.657). There was no change in executive function (Savage scores) copy (p=0.230) or recall (p=0.155). Age, years of education, severity of the trauma, and IQ did not influence ROCF recall improvement. Conclusion There are time-dependent improvements in visual memory in patients with DAI. Neuroplasticity in the 1st months after trauma provides an opportunity for visuospatial memory learning. The present findings may be useful to formulate management plans for long-term TBI rehabilitation.
Glycine Exerts Dual Roles in Ischemic Injury Through Distinct Mechanisms

Background and Purpose— We characterized the differential effects of glycine at different levels in the induction of postischemic long-term potentiation, as well as in the neuronal damage induced by focal ischemia. Methods— Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained from rat hippocampal slice preparations. In vitro ischemia and postischemic long-term potentiation were induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. In vivo ischemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results— In both in vitro and in vivo ischemia models, glycine at low level exerts deleterious effects in postischemic long-term potentiation and ischemic neuronal injury by modulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor coagonist site; whereas glycine at high level exerts neuroprotective effects by activation of glycine receptor and subsequent differential regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit components. Conclusions— Our results provide a molecular basis for the dual roles of glycine in ischemic injury through distinct mechanisms, and they suggest that glycine receptors could be a potential target for clinical treatment of stroke.
Inter-institutional protocol for the use of three-dimensional printing in the childhood epilepsy surgical planning: from 3D modeling to neuronavigation

This study is the first step in the effort for the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in pediatric surgical planning by establishing effective collaboration between Ribeirao Preto Clinics Hospital (HCRP) and Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI). The first printed biomodel can be used to support discussion and decision making, and neuronavigation before the surgery for training of cutting plans and incisions. The main focus of 3D printing for specific case handling is to reduce side damages by improving individual surgical planning and personnel training before surgery. One object representing brain and face segment of a patient was produced by 3D printing technology based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Specific landmarks were measured by three distinct methods: manual caliper, InVesalius software measurement tool and neuronavigation coordinate detection. The mean coefficient of variation was 7.17% between all methods and landmarks measured. Our first results validate the combined use of biomodels with InVesalius software tools for assessment of individual brain anatomy providing manual handling and visualization of three-dimensional models. The creation of communication protocols between the teams involved and navigation protocols for quality control opens possibility of long term training program, congregating agents from research areas in Medical Physics, Medical Sciences and Neuroscience. Index Terms additive manufacture, neuronavigation, surgical planning, open source software, InVesalius.
The cleft lip evaluation profile (CLEP): A new approach for postoperative nasolabial assessment in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

Abstract To assess the postoperative results after primary or secondary operation on unilateral cleft lip and nose, various methods have been published, in which qualitative methods are often based on the opinions of an expert panel and the quantitative methods are based on measurements of different landmarks of the lip and nose. Common problems with the present methods are the associated costs, based on the need for advanced techniques and expertise. Our cleft team now present a simplified, inexpensive, and reproducible protocol to evaluate the cosmetic and functional outcome after operations on the cleft lip and nose, together with the patients. Our protocol has been developed as a guideline to evaluate and score six variables of the lip and seven variables of the nose, including scars, projections of the lips and nose, volumes of the lip, and the alae and septum. The protocol contains series of three photographs of each of the variables that present a good postoperative result, an acceptable result, and finally a result with a clearly visible disfigurement. We also tested the reproducibility and validity of the protocol. Plastic surgeons with no knowledge of the index were approached twice and asked to assess a version with photographs in random order. The evaluation protocol is a simple and cost-effective tool for evaluation of the lip or nose, or both, among patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip.
On the feasibility of treating to a 1.5 cm PTV with a commercial single-entry hybrid applicator in APBI breast brachytherapy

Purpose To evaluate and determine whether 30 patients previously treated with the SAVI™ device could have been treated to a PTV_EVAL created with a 1.5 cm expansion. This determination was based upon dosimetric parameters derived from current recommendations and dose-response data. Material and methods Thirty patients were retrospectively planned with PTV_EVALs generated with a 1.5 cm expansion (PTV_EVAL_1.5). Plans were evaluated based on PTV_EVAL_1.5 coverage (V90, V95, V100), skin and rib maximum doses (0.1 cc maximum dose as a percentage of prescription dose), as well as V150 and V200 for the PTV_EVAL_1.5. The treatment planning goal was to deliver ≥90% of the prescribed dose to ≥90% of the PTV_EVAL_1.5. Skin and rib maximum doses were to be ≤125% of the prescription dose and preferably ≤100% of the prescription dose. V150 and V200 were not allowed to exceed 52.5 cc and 21 cc, respectively. Plans not meeting the above criteria were recomputed with a 1.25 cm expanded PTV_EVAL and re-evaluated. Results Based on the above dose constraints, 30% (9/30) of the patients evaluated could have been treated with a 1.5 cm PTV_EVAL. The breakdown of cases successfully achieving the above dose constraints by applicator was: 0/4 (0%) 6-1, 6/15 (40%) 8-1, and 3/11 (27%) 10-1. For these PTV_EVAL_1.5 plans, median V90% was 90.3%, whereas the maximum skin and rib doses were all less than 115.2% and 117.6%, respectively. The median V150 and V200 volumes were 39.2 cc and 19.3, respectively. The treated PTV_EVAL_1.5 was greater in volume than the PTV_EVAL by 41.7 cc, and 60 cc for the 8-1, and 10-1 applicators, respectively. All remaining plans (17) successfully met the above dose constraints to be treated with a 1.25 cm PTV_EVAL (PTV_EVAL_1.25). For the PTV_EVAL_1.25 plans, V90% was 93.7%, and the maximum skin and rib doses were all less than 109.2% and 102.5%, respectively. The median V150 and V200 volumes were 41.2 cc and 19.3, respectively. The treated PTV_EVAL_1.25 was greater in volume than the PTV_EVAL by 16 cc, 24.9 cc, and 33.5 cc for the 6-1, 8-1 and 10-1 applicators, respectively. Conclusions It is dosimetrically possible to treat beyond the currently advised 1.0 cm expanded PTV_EVAL. Most patients should be able to be treated with a 1.25 cm PTV_EVAL and a select group with a 1.5 cm PTV_EVAL. Applicator size appears to determine the ability to expand to a 1.5 cm PTV_EVAL, as smaller devices were not as propitious in this regard. Further studies may identify additional patient groups that would benefit from this approach.
Precoding in Multi-Antenna and Multi-User Communications

In this paper, Tomlinson-Harashima precoding for multiple-input/multiple-output systems including multiple-antenna and multi-user systems is studied. It is shown that nonlinear preequalization offers significant advantages over linear preequalization which increases average transmit power. Moreover, it outperforms decision-feedback equalization at the receiver side which is applicable if joint processing at the receiver side is possible, and which suffers from error propagation. A number of aspects of practical importance are studied. Loading, i.e., the optimum distribution of transmit power and rate is discussed in detail. It is shown that the capacity of the underlying MIMO channel can be utilized asymptotically by means of non-linear precoding. Keywords—MIMO channels, Space-time coding, DecisionFeedback Equalization, Tomlinson-Harashima precoding, Code-Division Multiple Access
Sensitization to palladium chloride: a 10-year evaluation.

BACKGROUND Palladium is increasingly used in industry, jewelry, and dentistry and is becoming more common since the European directive restricting the use of nickel in all products placed in direct and prolonged contact with the skin. OBJECTIVE The role of palladium sensitization is still unclear, and the aim of our study is to evaluate the trend of sensitization in a contact dermatitis clinic population during a 10-year period. METHODS We report our experience with 4,446 patients (3,077 female, 1,369 male; mean age, 40.1 +/-13.7 years) with suspected contact dermatitis patch-tested during the period of 1991 to 2000. RESULTS A positive patch-test result to palladium chloride 1% was indicated in 236 patients (5.3%), with a higher percentage in females (6.7%) than in males (2.3%), and the sensitization to this metal has increased over the specified period, to a maximum in the year 2000 (9.7%). In the majority of cases, subjects were polysensitized (92.8%), but 7.2% of subjects were patch-test positive only to palladium. Of palladium-sensitized patients, 40.5% complained of hand dermatitis, 47.4% complained of body dermatitis, and 1.7% complained of burning mouth syndrome. Palladium sensitization is significantly related to female sex (OR = 3.08; 95% CI, 2.07-4.61) and to sensitization to other metals, with a maximum for nickel sulfate (OR = 32.9; 95% CI, 21.3-51.5). CONCLUSION Sensitization to palladium is increasing by the year, reaching high values, but its role in reducing sensitization and symptoms is still unclear because of the frequent cosensitization with nickel and the low number of monosensitized patients with relevant sensitizations. We need to follow palladium sensitization in future years to verify an increase of sensitization due to the increasing use of this metal.
Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves motor dysfunction after cerebral infarction

Low frequency (≤ 1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can affect the excitability of the cerebral cortex and synaptic plasticity. Although this is a common method for clinical treatment of cerebral infarction, whether it promotes the recovery of motor function remains controversial. Twenty patients with cerebral infarction combined with hemiparalysis were equally and randomly divided into a low frequency rTMS group and a control group. The patients in the low frequency rTMS group were given 1-Hz rTMS to the contralateral primary motor cortex with a stimulus intensity of 90% motor threshold, 30 minutes/day. The patients in the control group were given sham stimulation. After 14 days of treatment, clinical function scores (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, and Fugl-Meyer Assessment) improved significantly in the low frequency rTMS group, and the effects were better than that in the control group. We conclude that low frequency (1 Hz) rTMS for 14 days can help improve motor function after cerebral infarction.
Escherichia coli strains colonising the gastrointestinal tract protect germfree mice againstSalmonella typhimuriuminfection

BACKGROUND Escherichia coli is part of the normal gastrointestinal microflora which exerts a barrier effect against enteropathogens. SeveralE coli strains develop a protective effect against other Enterobacteriaceae. AIMS TwoE coli strains, EM0, a human faecal strain, and JM105 K-12 were tested for their ability to prevent in vivo and in vitro infection by Salmonella typhimurium C5. METHODS Inhibition of C5 cell invasion by E coli was investigated in vitro using Caco-2/TC7 cells. The protective effect ofE coli was examined in vivo in germfree or conventional C3H/He/Oujco mice orally infected by the lethal strain C5. RESULTS EMO expresses haemolysin and cytotoxic necrotising factor in vitro. In vitro, the two strains did not prevent the growth of C5 by secreted microcins or modified cell invasion of C5. In vivo, establishment of EM0 or JM105 in the gut of germfree mice resulted in a significant increase in the number of surviving mice: 11/12 and 9/12, respectively, at 58 days after infection (2×106/mouse) versus 0/12 in control germfree group at 13 days after infection. Colonisation level and translocation rate of C5 were significantly reduced during the three days after infection. In contrast, no reduction in faecal C5 excretion was observed in C5 infected conventional mice (1×108/mouse) receiving the EM0 or JM105 cultures daily. CONCLUSIONS Establishment of E coli strains, which do not display antimicrobial activity, protects germfree mice against infection and delays the establishment of C5 in the gut. Possible mechanisms of defence are discussed.