Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Exchange Rate and its Fundamentals. A Chaotic Perspective

We analyse the workings of a simple non-linear exchange rate model in which agents hold different beliefs about the underlying model. We distinguish between ‘chartists’ and ‘fundamentalists’. The non-linearities in the model originate from transactions costs and from the existence of non-linear adjustment dynamics in the goods market. We find, first, that the simple non-linear structure of the model is capable of generating a very complex exchange rate dynamics. Second, our model is capable of explaining some empirical puzzles concerning exchange rate behaviour, i.e. the ‘disconnect’ puzzle which says that the exchange rate is disconnected form its underlying fundamentals most of the time and the excess volatility puzzle.
A Review on Vital Pulp Therapy in Primary Teeth

Maintaining deciduous teeth in function until their natural exfoliation is absolutely necessary. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is a way of saving deciduous teeth. The most important factors in success of VPT are the early diagnosis of pulp and periradicular status, preservation of the pulp vitality and proper vascularization of the pulp. Development of new biomaterials with suitable biocompatibility and seal has changed the attitudes towards preserving the reversible pulp in cariously exposed teeth. Before exposure and irreversible involvement of the pulp, indirect pulp capping (IPC) is the treatment of choice, but after the spread of inflammation within the pulp chamber and establishment of irreversible pulpitis, removal of inflamed pulp tissue is recommended. In this review, new concepts in preservation of the healthy pulp tissue in deciduous teeth and induction of the reparative dentin formation with new biomaterials instead of devitalization and the consequent destruction of vital tissues are discussed.
Object-oriented influence diagram for cost–effectiveness analysis of influenza vaccination in the Italian elderly population

Influenza infection is a major cause of illness, morbidity and mortality throughout the world, mainly amongst the elderly. Since vaccination has proven to be effective in the reduction of all acute complications, deciding whether to implement a vaccination campaign and which vaccine to prescribe is an important task. The aim of this review is to build a decision model, which allows the decision makers to evaluate the possible results under different scenarios, and to choose the decision associated with the highest expected utility. The analysis is based on Bayesian networks methodology. Vaccination is more effective in the long run and is cost saving compared with the null option. Moreover, the innovative MF59 adjuvanted flu vaccine proves to be cost effective with respect to standard vaccines.
pre-miRNA profiles obtained through application of locked nucleic acids and deep sequencing reveals complex 5′/3′ arm variation including concomitant cleavage and polyuridylation patterns

Recent research hints at an underappreciated complexity in pre-miRNA processing and regulation. Global profiling of pre-miRNA and its potential to increase understanding of the pre-miRNA landscape is impeded by overlap with highly expressed classes of other non coding (nc) RNA. Here, we present a data set excluding these RNA before sequencing through locked nucleic acids (LNA), greatly increasing pre-miRNA sequence counts with no discernable effect on pre-miRNA or mature miRNA sequencing. Analysis of profiles generated in total, nuclear and cytoplasmic cell fractions reveals that pre-miRNAs are subject to a wide range of regulatory processes involving loci-specific 3′- and 5′-end variation entailing complex cleavage patterns with co-occurring polyuridylation. Additionally, examination of nuclear-enriched flanking sequences of pre-miRNA, particularly those derived from polycistronic miRNA transcripts, provides insight into miRNA and miRNA-offset (moRNA) production, specifically identifying novel classes of RNA potentially functioning as moRNA precursors. Our findings point to particularly intricate regulation of the let-7 family in many ways reminiscent of DICER1-independent, pre-mir-451-like processing, introduce novel and unify known forms of pre-miRNA regulation and processing, and shed new light on overlooked products of miRNA processing pathways.
Labour market institutions and unemployment revisited

In this paper the effects of institutional variables on unemployment are reinvestigated for nine OECD countries. The used framework allow for country specific estimates. In this case, the impact of the considered institutional variables on unemployment may differ across countries, not only in absolute terms but also in terms of sign. The main results are the following: First, there are remarkable differences across countries with respect to the estimated effects. Most of the considered variables have at least in one of the considered countries an unexpected effect. Secondly, after a careful examination of the results we identify complex interdependencies between the institutional variables, which bear resemblance to the interaction hypothesis. Thirdly, the estimates with respect to the minimum wage do confirm the theory of monopsonistic labour markets. Fourthly, based on a cross country comparison some evidence is found that some of the considered labour market institutions have a hump-shaped or U-shaped relation to the unemployment rate. All things considered, the results make strong distinctions clear, and the different economies should be extremely cautious to make a copy of the level of a certain labour market institution of the neighbours.
Rebound Effects from Increased Efficiency in the Use of Energy by UK Households

In this paper, we use CGE modelling techniques to identify the impact on energy use of an improvement in energy efficiency in the household sector. The main findings are that 1) when the price of energy is measured in natural units, the increase in efficiency yields only to a modification of tastes, changing as a result, the composition of household consumption; 2) when households internalize efficiency, the improvement in energy efficiency reduces the price of energy in efficiency units, providing a source of improved competitiveness as the nominal wage and the price level both fall; 3) the short-run rebound can be greater than the long run rebound if the household demand elasticity is the same for both time frames, however, the short run rebound is always lower than in the long-run if the demand for energy is relatively more elastic in the long-run; 4) the introduction of habit formation changes the composition of household consumption, modifying the magnitude of the household rebound only in the short-run. In this period, household and economy wide rebound are lowest for external habit formation and highest when consumers' preferences are defined using a conventional utility function.
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute How Does Government Spending Stimulate Consumption?

Recent empirical work finds that government spending shocks cause aggregate consumption to increase over the business cycle, contrary to the predictions of Neoclassical and New Keynesian models. This paper proposes a mechanism to account for the consumption increase that builds on the framework of imperfect information in Lucas (1972) and Lorenzoni (2009). In my model, owners of firms targeted by an increase in government spending perceive an increase in their permanent income relative to their future tax liabilities. Owners of firms not targeted remain unaware of the implicit increase in future tax liabilities, causing aggregate consumption to increase. A testable implication of the proposed model is that the value of firms should increase, implying all else equal an increase in aggregate stock returns. This prediction of the model is shown to be consistent with empirical evidence. Trejos for helpful comments and discussions. The views in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or the Federal Reserve System.
Toward a Model of Mindfulness in Technology Acceptance

When making the decision to whether or not to accept a technology, a person may be mindful of the technology being considered and of his/her own needs and may actively search for information about the technology and his/her acceptance decision. Alternatively, he or she may instead mindlessly accept the technology without knowing much about it and without really knowing how it serves his/her own needs. This research investigates how mindfulness influences one’s decision to accept technology. A research model of mindfulness in technology acceptance was developed. The model delineates how mindfulness influences one’s beliefs about and intention to use a technology. Specifically, mindfulness should help to reduce the uncertainty about the acceptance of a technology (either directly or via reduced complexity), enhance one’s perceived usefulness about that technology, and directly promote one’s intention to use it. An empirical study on 160 adopters of PBwiki, an online wiki system, was conducted to examine the research model. The results largely supported the research model. Mindfulness is confirmed to be able to allay uncertainty about the acceptance of a technology and to significantly influence the formation of user beliefs about a technology and intention to use it. These findings have significant research and practical implications.
Kinome profiling reveals breast cancer heterogeneity and identifies targeted therapeutic opportunities for triple negative breast cancer

Our understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity at the protein level is limited despite proteins being the ultimate effectors of cellular functions. We investigated the heterogeneity of breast cancer (41 primary tumors and 15 breast cancer cell lines) at the protein and phosphoprotein levels to identify activated oncogenic pathways and developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Heterogeneity was observed not only across histological subtypes, but also within subtypes. Tumors of the Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype distributed across four different clusters where one cluster (cluster ii) showed high deregulation of many proteins and phosphoproteins. The majority of TNBC cell lines, particularly mesenchymal lines, resembled the cluster ii TNBC tumors. Indeed, TNBC cell lines were more sensitive than non-TNBC cell lines when treated with targeted inhibitors selected based on upregulated pathways in cluster ii. In line with the enrichment of the upregulated pathways with onco-clients of Hsp90, we found synergy in combining Hsp90 inhibitors with several kinase inhibitors, particularly Erk5 inhibitors. The combination of Erk5 and Hsp90 inhibitors was effective in vitro and in vivo against TNBC leading to upregulation of pro-apoptotic effectors. Our studies contribute to proteomic profiling and improve our understanding of TNBC heterogeneity to provide therapeutic opportunities for this disease.
Learning Tensors in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces with Multilinear Spectral Penalties

We present a general framework to learn functions in tensor product reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (TP-RKHSs). The methodology is based on a novel representer theorem suitable for existing as well as new spectral penalties for tensors. When the functions in the TP-RKHS are defined on the Cartesian product of finite discrete sets, in particular, our main problem formulation admits as a special case existing tensor completion problems. Other special cases include transfer learning with multimodal side information and multilinear multitask learning. For the latter case, our kernel-based view is instrumental to derive nonlinear extensions of existing model classes. We give a novel algorithm and show in experiments the usefulness of the proposed extensions.
Multi-spike stationary solutions of the Cahn-Hilliard equation in higher-dimension and instability

It is proved that the Cahn-Hilliard equation on a smooth domain possesses solutions which have spike layers localizing where the mean curvature of the boundary of the domain has nondegenerate critical points. Solutions of this type can be found with any average value which lies in the metastable region. It is also shown that these solutions have Morse indices at least equal to the number of spikes.
Determinants of the real exchange rate in South Africa

The real exchange rate is a key policy variable in South Africa’s open economy. A cointegration framework is used with single equation equilibrium correction models to investigate the short-run and long-run equilibrium determinants of the quarterly real exchange rate, 1970:1–1995:1. The cointegrated equilibrium is obtained from a theoretical model characterising equilibrium as the achievement of internal and external balance for sustainable capital flows and trade and tax regimes, and given terms of trade and technology. For a spectrum of exchange rate regimes, we discuss the evolution of a broad range of theoretical economic fundamentals and short-run policy factors.
Documenting the Research Through Design Process

Documentation of Research through Design (RtD) processes is essential for capturing and translating design knowledge into broader academic knowledge. Moreover, it can support both design and research objectives internally in RtD projects, as well as external concerns such as project management, knowledge dissemination, and education. In spite of this, RtD documentation has received little sustained attention in prior work. Building on what prior work there is as well as an in-depth analysis of two markedly different cases, we present a framework for planning and evaluating RtD documentation. The framework addresses three core concerns: the medium of documentation, the performativity of documentation, and providing equal support for both research and design.
Assignment of the locus for ichthyosis prematurity syndrome to chromosome 9q33.3–34.13

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of keratinisation, with an estimated incidence of one per 200 000 newborns.1 In Scandinavia, the prevalence is closer to one in 50 000.2,3 By electron microscopy, ARCI can be classified into four subgroups—ichthyosis congenita I–IV—and one so far undefined group. Six loci have been associated with ARCI: on chromosomes 2q34 (LI2 (MIM 601277)), 3p21 (NCIE2 (MIM 604780)), 14q11.2 (LI1 (MIM 242300) and NCIE1 (MIM 242100)), 17p13.1 (LI5 (MIM 606545)), 19p12–q12 (LI3 (MIM 190195)), and 19p13.1–p13.2 (NNCI (MIM 604781)). 4–9 Genes that correspond to four of these have been identified: the transglutaminase 1 gene ( TGM1 (MIM 190195)) on chromosome 14q11, the comparative gene identification 58 ( CGI-58 (MIM 604780)) on chromosome 3p21, two genes from the lipoxygenase (LOX) family—lipoxygenase-3 ( ALOX3 ) and 12(R)-lipoxygenase ( ALOX12B (MIM 603741))—on chromosome 17p13.1, and, most recently, the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette 12A ( ABCA12A (MIM 607800)) on chromosome 2q34.10–14 The transglutaminase 1 protein takes part in the formation of the lipid envelope on the surface of epidermal keratinocytes. Cells with a disrupted TGM1 gene have a defective epidermal barrier function. TGM1 is altered in one third of patients with ichthyosis congenita type I and all patients with ichthyosis congenita type II.2,12,15,16 Mutations in the CGI-58 gene on chromosome 3p21 cause Chanarin-Dorfman disease (CDS (MIM 275630)). The protein CGI-58 belongs to a large family of proteins characterised by an α/β hydrolase fold and contains three sequence motifs found in the esterase, lipase, and thioesterase subfamily. Affected patients have raised levels of triacylglycerol, and CGI-58 has been postulated to be involved in recycling of triacylglycerol derived monoacylglycerol or diacylglycerol to specific phospholipids or in the catabolism of long chain fatty acids.11 Mutations in either of …
Biomechanical analysis of elite javelin throwing technique at the 2007 IAAF World Championships in Athletics (日本陸連科学委員会研究報告 第8巻(2009) 陸上競技の医科学サポート研究 REPORT2008)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical parameters that influence the javelin throwing distance only among elite javelin throwers and to indicate the averaged motion pattern of elite javelin throwers. The best competition throws of twelve male finalists at the 2007 IAAF World Championships in Athletics were analyzed. The biomechanical parameters that affect throwing distance for elite javelin throwers were release velocity, and vertical release velocity in particular, and approach run velocity at final right foot contact on the ground. These results suggested that elite javelin throwers who began thrusting the javelin at a higher approach run velocity and obtained some horizontal release velocity (required at least 22-23m/s) but who also obtained higher vertical release velocity obtained better throwing distances. In addition, it was observed from averaged motion of World championships finalists that the better javelin throwers showed more flexion at the right knee angle, we called “knee down” motion, during final preparatory phase.
myHealthAssistant: a phone-based body sensor network that captures the wearer's exercises throughout the day

This paper presents a novel fitness and preventive health care system with a flexible and easy to deploy platform. By using embedded wearable sensors in combination with a smartphone as an aggregator, both daily activities as well as specific gym exercises and their counts are recognized and logged. The detection is achieved with minimal impact on the system's resources through the use of customized 3D inertial sensors embedded in fitness accessories with built-in pre-processing of the initial 100Hz data. It provides a flexible re-training of the classifiers on the phone which allows deploying the system swiftly. A set of evaluations shows a classification performance that is comparable to that of state of the art activity recognition, and that the whole setup is suitable for daily usage with minimal impact on the phone's resources.
CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF MOUSE MACROPHAGES STUDIED BY VARIOUS INHIBITORS

The influence of various inhibitors on the cytolytic potential of mouse macrophages against syngeneic erythrocytes has been investigated in vitro by isotope techniques. Intact macrophage membrane and cell metabolism was essential for full cytotoxic activity. The process was completely blocked by anaerobiosis and cold. ATP from both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis seems to be the high energy intermediate which is utilized during the cytotoxic activity of macrophages leading to target cell lysis. The process did not depend on concomitant DNA transcription, translation, or protein synthesis.
Investigating the behaviour of individual UK prices, and gauging the implications thereof for monetary policy

This context statement and the associated public works examine the behaviour of individual goods and services prices in the United Kingdom, and the implications thereof for monetary policy and monetary policy makers. Until recently, many macroeconomic and monetary policy models have made relatively simplistic assumptions about the microeconomic behaviour of prices. Research has uncovered that, in many countries, these assumptions may not hold. However, there has been almost no prior empirical work that has examined how individual prices actually behave in the United Kingdom. The research embodied in this context statement and public works represents original work that explores how individual UK prices of goods and services are measured and actually behave at the microeconomic level, using both official and private sector data sources that have not previously been employed in academic research. This analysis uncovers the rich heterogeneity in pricing behaviour that actually exists at the microeconomic level. By examining the varied datasets, it is apparent that the standard assumptions in typical macroeconomic and monetary policy models are frequently violated. The empirical behaviour of individual prices also has important implications for monetary policy and monetary policy makers. These include the optimal design of monetary policy, in terms of the role of inflation targeting, the correct monetary policy response to the different shocks that hit the economy, and the challenge of capturing the rich heterogeneity that is present in the UK economy within a parsimonious model.
New England Australia: What follows from regional status? A comparative, political economy approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contrast the marketing strategies of the New England Australia wine‐producing region with those of the Languedoc‐Roussillon region in France. While the two regions occupy similar market positions, they nonetheless reveal diametrically opposed marketing strategies. Against the background of this comparative discussion, the paper proposes methods to enhance the development of the New England Australia wine region so that it becomes a more complete example of successful rural restructuring.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a comparative, political economy approach to explore the marketing strategies of the New England Australia wine‐producing region, and the Languedoc‐Roussillon region in France. In particular, following the work of Garcea‐Parpet, the paper seeks to demonstrate that markets are most usefully viewed as social and political/legal constructs, as well as economic exchanges, and that focussing on the former elements is a fruitful way to procee.
Following the dynamics of strobilurin resistance in Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici using quantitative allele-specific real-time PCR measurements with the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I

Strobilurin-resistant isolates of Blumeria (Erysiphe) graminis f.sp. tritici, the cause of wheat powdery mildew, were more than 10-fold less sensitive to azoxystrobin than sensitive isolates. In all resistant isolates, a mutation resulting in the replacement of a glycine by an alanine residue at codon 143 (G143A) in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was found. Allele-specific primers were designed to detect this point mutation in infected wheat leaves. Using quantitative fluorescent allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measurements, strobilurin-resistant A143 alleles could be detected amongst strobilurin-sensitive G143 alleles at a frequency of at least 1 in 10 000, depending on the amount of target and nontarget DNA. Most isolates tested were dominant homoplasmic for either the A143 or G143 allele, although mixed populations of alleles could be detected in some isolates. In some of these isolates, strobilurin resistance was not always stable when they were maintained for many generations in the absence of selection. The allele-specific real-time PCR assay was also used to follow the dynamics of A143 alleles in field populations of B. graminis f.sp. tritici before and after application of fungicides. As expected, the A143 allele frequency only increased under selection pressure from a strobilurin fungicide. After three sprays of azoxystrobin, a pronounced selection for the strobilurin-resistant allele, with an increase in average frequency from 2·2 to 58%, was measured. The use of quantitative real-time PCR diagnostics for early detection of fungicide resistance genes at low frequency, coupled with risk evaluation, will be invaluable for further resistance risk assessment and validation of antiresistance strategies.