Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration

Current criteria for the clinical diagnosis of pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration (CBD) no longer reflect the expanding understanding of this disease and its clinicopathologic correlations. An international consortium of behavioral neurology, neuropsychology, and movement disorders specialists developed new criteria based on consensus and a systematic literature review. Clinical diagnoses (early or late) were identified for 267 nonoverlapping pathologically confirmed CBD cases from published reports and brain banks. Combined with consensus, 4 CBD phenotypes emerged: corticobasal syndrome (CBS), frontal behavioral-spatial syndrome (FBS), nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (naPPA), and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS). Clinical features of CBD cases were extracted from descriptions of 209 brain bank and published patients, providing a comprehensive description of CBD and correcting common misconceptions. Clinical CBD phenotypes and features were combined to create 2 sets of criteria: more specific clinical research criteria for probable CBD and broader criteria for possible CBD that are more inclusive but have a higher chance to detect other tau-based pathologies. Probable CBD criteria require insidious onset and gradual progression for at least 1 year, age at onset ≥50 years, no similar family history or known tau mutations, and a clinical phenotype of probable CBS or either FBS or naPPA with at least 1 CBS feature. The possible CBD category uses similar criteria but has no restrictions on age or family history, allows tau mutations, permits less rigorous phenotype fulfillment, and includes a PSPS phenotype. Future validation and refinement of the proposed criteria are needed.
Limited Impact of Passive Non-Neutralizing Antibody Immunization in Acute SIV Infection on Viremia Control in Rhesus Macaques

Background Antiviral antibodies, especially those with neutralizing activity against the incoming strain, are potentially important immunological effectors to control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While neutralizing activity appears to be central in sterile protection against HIV infection, the entity of inhibitory mechanisms via HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific antibodies remains elusive. The recent HIV vaccine trial RV144 and studies in nonhuman primate models have indicated controversial protective efficacy of HIV/SIV-specific non-neutralizing binding antibodies (non-NAbs). While reports on HIV-specific non-NAbs have demonstrated virus inhibitory activity in vitro, whether non-NAbs could also alter the pathogenic course of established SIV replication in vivo, likewise via neutralizing antibody (NAb) administration, has been unclear. Here, we performed post-infection passive immunization of SIV-infected rhesus macaques with polyclonal SIV-specific, antibody-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition (ADCVI)-competent non-NAbs. Methods and Findings Ten lots of polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) were prepared from plasma of ten chronically SIVmac239-infected, NAb-negative rhesus macaques, respectively. Their binding capacity to whole SIVmac239 virions showed a propensity similar to ADCVI activity. A cocktail of three non-NAb lots showing high virion-binding capacity and ADCVI activity was administered to rhesus macaques at day 7 post-SIVmac239 challenge. This resulted in an infection course comparable with control animals, with no significant difference in set point plasma viral loads or immune parameters. Conclusions Despite virus-specific suppressive activity of the non-NAbs having been observed in vitro, their passive immunization post-infection did not result in SIV control in vivo. Virion binding and ADCVI activity with lack of virus neutralizing activity were indicated to be insufficient for antibody-triggered non-sterile SIV control. More diverse effector functions or sophisticated localization may be required for non-NAbs to impact HIV/SIV replication in vivo.
A q-Analogue of de Finetti's Theorem

A q-analogue of de Finetti's theorem is obtained in terms of a boundary problem for the q-Pascal graph. For q a power of prime this leads to a characterisation of random spaces over the Galois field F_q that are invariant under the natural action of the infinite group of invertible matrices with coefficients from F_q.
Platelet activity of high‐dose factor VIIa is independent of tissue factor

High‐dose recombinant factor VIIa has been successfully used as therapy for haemophiliacs with inhibitors. The mechanism by which high‐dose factor VIIa supports haemostasis is the subject of some controversy. Postulating a mechanism in which activity is dependent on tissue factor at the site of injury explains the localization of activity but not the requirement for high doses. Postulating a mechanism in which factor VIIa acts on available lipid independently of tissue factor explains the requirement for high doses but not the lack of systemic procoagulant activity. We report that factor VIIa bound weakly to activated platelets (Kd ∼ 90 nm). This factor VIIa was functionally active and could initiate thrombin generation in the presence of plasma concentrations of prothrombin, factor X, factor V, antithrombin III and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. The activity was not dependent on tissue factor. The concentration of factor VIIa required for detectable thrombin generation agreed well with the lowest concentration of factor VIIa required for efficacy in patients. High‐dose factor VIIa may function on the activated platelets that form the initial haemostatic plug in haemophilic patients. These observations are in agreement with clinical trials which have shown that high‐dose factor VIIa was haemostatically effective without causing systemic activation of coagulation.
Valenced attributions and risk in new‐product decisions: How why indicates what's next

Based in a new-product decision-making context, this article poses the question, “how, and to what extent, do prior outcomes, and the reasons given to account for those outcomes, influence a marketing manager's future new-product selection (choice) and support (dollar commitment) decisions? ” The study's hypotheses are developed by integrating the motivational qualities of Weiner's attribution theory with the behavioral predictions of four popular risk perspectives: prospect theory, the hot-hand effect, the competency hypothesis, and risk as hazard. The research question is reflected in two sets of hypotheses that experimentally examine the relationship between valenced (was the outcome good or bad) attributions (why did the outcome happen) and changes in the riskiness (chance and size of loss) of managers' new-product introduction decisions. Three-way interactions are found that support the study's attribution-based framework and address predictive differences among the four risk perspectives. Implications for the theories examined and the management of the new-product development process are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Object-based semantic real-time concurrency control

This paper presents a technique that is capable of supporting two major requirements for concurrency control in real-time databases; data temporal consistency, and data logical consistency, as well as tradeoffs between these requirements. Our technique is based upon a real-time object-oriented database model in which each object has its own unique compatibility function that expresses the conditional compatibility of any two potential concurrent operations on the object. The conditions use the semantics of the object, such as allowable imprecision, along with current system state, such as time and the active operations on the object. Our concurrency control technique enforces that allowable concurrency expressed by the compatibility function by using semantic locking controlled by each individual object. The real-time object-oriented database model and process of evaluating the compatibility function to grant semantic locks are described. <<ETX>>
Exon skipping and circular RNA formation in transcripts of the human cytochrome P-450 2C18 gene in epidermis and of the rat androgen binding protein gene in testis

The cytochrome P-450 2C18 gene was found by reverse transcription-PCR to represent the most abundantly expressed gene of the P-450 2C subfamily in human epidermis. However, in addition to the canonical mRNA of nine exons, transcripts that have skipped exon 4 or 5, exons 4, 5, and 6, or exons 4, 5, 6, and 7 were also identified in this tissue. Remarkably, circular RNA transcripts synthesized by the joining of the donor and acceptor splice sites of the same exon were detected in human epidermis for exons 4 and 5. Moreover, molecules composed of exons 4, 5, and 6 with the donor splice site of exon 6 joined to the acceptor splice site of exon 4 or composed of exons 4, 5, 6, and 7 with the donor splice site of exon 7 joined to the acceptor splice site of exon 4 were also found to be present in this tissue. In rat testis, a similar analysis allowed the detection of a circular RNA molecule composed of exons 6 and 7 of the androgen binding protein (ABP) gene, with the donor splice site of exon 7 joined to the acceptor splice site of exon 6, and of an ABP mRNA which had skipped exons 6 and 7. These results apparently substantiate the hypothesis that alternative pre-mRNA splicing has the potential to generate not only mRNAs that lack one or more exons but also circular RNA molecules that are composed of the exons that are skipped. However, additional 2C18 circular species containing various combinations of exons were also detected in human epidermis, and an exon 6-skipped ABP mRNA molecule was identified in rat testis. This observation is interpreted as indicative that at low frequency, numerous circular RNA formation and exon skipping events may occur, allowing the joining of a variety of different combinations of exons. Moreover, the relative stability of these molecules is apparently the key factor that determines the relative ease of their detection.
Australian and japanese attitudes towards the fall of high achievers

Abstract Australian and Japanese university students responded to hypothetical scenarios in which either a high or an average achieving student or golfer either maintained or failed to maintain their initial performance status. It was predicted that subjects in both cultures would feel relatively more pleased when the high achiever rather than the average achiever suffered a fall when compared with differences in the maintain condition (a tall poppy effect). This prediction was not supported, but results did indicate that the Japanese students saw the high achiever as relatively more assertive than the average achiever when compared with the Australian students, and that they also reacted more negatively in various ways when the stimulus person suffered a fall. Initially, the high achiever was envied more than the average achiever, and the difference was greater for the stimulus person who was a student, implying a relevance effect However, the golfer was especially favoured by the Japanese students. Resu.
Using data network metrics, graphics, and topology to explore network characteristics

Yehuda Vardi introduced the term network tomography and was the first to propose and study how statistical inverse methods could be adapted to attack important network problems (Vardi, 1996). More recently, in one of his final papers, Vardi proposed notions of metrics on networks to define and measure distances between a network's links, its paths, and also between different networks (Vardi, 2004). In this paper, we apply Vardi's general approach for network metrics to a real data network by using data obtained from special data network tools and testing procedures presented here. We illustrate how the metrics help explicate interesting features of the traffic characteristics on the network. We also adapt the metrics in order to condition on traffic passing through a portion of the network, such as a router or pair of routers, and show further how this approach helps to discover and explain interesting network characteristics.
Émeutes, ségrégation urbaine et aliénation politique

Les trois semaines d’emeutes urbaines d’octobre et novembre 2005 constituerent un episode de violence collective exceptionnel, meme en France ou la tradition protestataire est vive. Leur ampleur, leur concentration dans le temps, leur caractere spectaculaire ont attire l’attention de la presse internationale. On s’est interesse ici aux dimensions sociales et structurelles de ces emeutes, en commencant par souligner les effets des differences entre les villes sur le plan demographique, sur celui de la situation de l’emploi et du logement, s’agissant de la segregation spatiale et des discriminations. Prenant pour ensemble de reference les communes de plus de 65 000 habitants hors Ile-de-France et les communes de plus de 25 000 habitants en Ile-de-France, soit environ 210 villes, l’article precise les determinants sociaux de l’emergence des emeutes dans certaines de ces communes et pas dans les autres.
Blue straggler production in globular clusters

Recent Hubble Space Telescope observations of a large sample of globular clusters reveal that every cluster contains between 40 and 400 blue stragglers.The population does not correlate with either stellar collision rate (as would be expected if all blue stragglers were formed via collisions) or total mass (as would be expected if all blue stragglers were formed via the unhindered evolution of a subset of the stellar population). In this paper, we support the idea that blue stragglers are made through both channels. The number produced via collisions tends to increase with cluster mass. In this paper we show how the current population produced from primordial binaries decreases with increasing cluster mass;exchange encounters with third, single stars in the most massivec lusters tend to reduce the fraction of binaries containing a primary close to the current turn-off mass. Rather, their primaries tend to be somewhat more massive (~1-3 Msolar) and have evolved off the main sequence, filling their Roche lobes in the past, often converting their secondaries into blue stragglers (but more than 1 Gyr or so ago and thus they are no longer visible as blue stragglers). We show that this decline in the primordial blue straggler population is likely to be offset by the increase in the number of blue stragglers produced via collisions. The predicted total blue straggler population is therefore relatively independent of cluster mass, thus matching the observed population. This result does not depend on any particular assumed blue straggler lifetime. (Less)
Compilation and equivalence of imperative objects

We adopt the untyped imperative object calculus of Abadi and Cardelli as a minimal setting in which to study problems of compilation and program equivalence that arise when compiling object-oriented languages. We present both a big-step and a small-step substitution-based operational semantics for the calculus. Our first two results are theorems asserting the equivalence of our substitution-based semantics with a closure-based semantics like that given by Abadi and Cardelli. Our third result is a direct proof of the correctness of compilation to a stack-based abstract machine via a small-step decompilation algorithm. Our fourth result is that contextual equivalence of objects coincides with a form of Mason and Talcott's CIU equivalence; the latter provides a tractable means of establishing operational equivalences. Finally, we prove correct an algorithm, used in our prototype compiler, for statically resolving method offsets. This is the first study of correctness of an object-oriented abstract machine, and of operational equivalence for the imperative object calculus.
InPSR26, a Putative Membrane Protein, Regulates Programmed Cell Death during Petal Senescence in Japanese Morning Glory1[W][OA]

The onset and progression of petal senescence, which is a type of programmed cell death (PCD), are highly regulated. Genes showing changes in expression during petal senescence in Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) were isolated and examined to elucidate their function in PCD. We show here that a putative membrane protein, InPSR26, regulates progression of PCD during petal senescence in Japanese morning glory. InPSR26 is dominantly expressed in petal limbs and its transcript level increases prior to visible senescence symptoms. Transgenic plants with reduced InPSR26 expression (PSR26r lines) showed accelerated petal wilting, with PCD symptoms including cell collapse, ion and anthocyanin leakage, and DNA degradation accelerated in petals compared to wild-type plants. Transcript levels of autophagy- and PCD-related genes (InATG4, InATG8, InVPE, and InBI-1) were reduced in the petals of PSR26r plants. Autophagy visualized by monodansylcadaverine staining confirmed that autophagy is induced in senescing petal cells of wild-type plants and that the percentage of cells containing monodansylcadaverine-stained structures, most likely autophagosomes, was significantly lower in the petals of PSR26r plants, indicating reduced autophagic activity in the PSR26r plants. These results suggest that InPSR26 acts to delay the progression of PCD during petal senescence, possibly through regulation of the autophagic process. Our data also suggest that autophagy delays PCD in petal senescence.
Just the Two of Us: Parent-Child Relationships in Single-Parent Homes.

This study compares and contrasts the relative strength of two different theoretical explanations, individualist and microstructural, for the apparent sex differences in parent-child relationships. The strength of each perspective is tested empirically through comparisons of singlecustodial mothers and single-custodial fathers on a variety of dimensions, with particular emphasis on the parent-child dyadic relationship. The findings suggest the importance of microstructural variables as explanations for parenting behaviors.
Organizational learning and innovation in high-tech small firms

This paper explores the influence of the processes of learning in organizations on innovation performance in high-tech small firms. After reviewing the literature on learning and innovation, the paper defines the concepts of knowledge management and organizational learning and how they are interlinked. Hypotheses on the link between organizational learning and innovation are presented. An original construct, based on 5 dimensions, is derived to evaluate the degree of organizational learning. The validities (reliability, unidimensionality and convergent validity) of the construct are then assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Then, the influence on innovation is tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) from a database of 110 US high-tech small firms from different industries. Specifically, the influence on innovation and financial performance are tested. The results show that the presence of organizational learning is related to innovativeness among high-tech small firms. The results are moderated by the age (in years) of companies, the strategic posture and the environment's threat. The paper discusses ways to improve the innovative performance of learning organizations.
Getting Specific about Demographic Diversity Variable and Team Performance Relationships: A Meta-Analysis

The authors revisited the demographic diversity variable and team performance relationship using meta-analysis and took a significant departure from previous meta-analyses by focusing on specific demographic variables (e.g., functional background, organizational tenure) rather than broad categories (e.g., highly job related, less job related). They integrated different conceptualizations of diversity (i.e., separation, variety, disparity) into the development of their rationale and hypotheses for specific demographic diversity variable—team performance relationships. Furthermore, they contrasted diversity with the team mean on continuous demographic variables when elevated levels of a variable, as opposed to differences, were more logically related to team performance. Functional background variety diversity had a small positive relationship with general team performance as well as with team creativity and innovation. The relationship was strongest for design and product development teams. Educational background variety diversity was related to team creativity and innovation and to team performance for top management teams. Other variables generally thought to increase task-relevant knowledge (e.g., organizational tenure) and team performance were unrelated to team performance, although these variables were almost never studied as the variety conceptualization (i.e., the conceptualization that can reflect the breadth of knowledge that can be applied to the task). Team mean organizational tenure was related to team performance in terms of efficiency. Race and sex variety diversity had small negative relationships with team performance, whereas age diversity was unrelated to team performance regardless of diversity conceptualization. Implications for staffing teams and future research are discussed.
Are Cultural Differences in Emotion Regulation Mediated by Personality Traits?

This article reports a study that documents United States–Japan differences in emotion regulation and demonstrates that those differences are entirely accounted for by individual differences in personality. These findings raise questions about studies that merely document cross-national differences in a psychological variable yet attribute the source of the observed differences to cultural variables without empirical justification to do so. Such differences may be accounted for by aggregate differences in personality.
Patient safety: a literative review on the impact of nursing empowerment, leadership and collaboration

RICHARDSON A. & STORR J. (2010) Patient safety: a literative review on the impact of nursing empowerment, leadership and collaboration. International Nursing Review57, 12–21 Background: Nurses are ideally placed to drive the safety and quality agenda within health care because of their unique proximity to patients. There have been some attempts to look at the links between nursing care and quality outcomes, but relatively little on the connection between nursing and patient safety. Therefore, exploring the evidence on this issue was indicated, excluding links to nurse staffing and environment. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify to what extent and in what way nursing leadership, collaboration and empowerment can have a demonstrable impact on patient safety. Methods: A search of electronic databases was undertaken from 1998 to 2008. One thousand seven hundred eighty-eight titles and abstracts were retrieved, and the full text of 65 relevant papers was obtained and reviewed. Data extraction was undertaken if papers met the following inclusion criteria: a measure of impact from a study or audit, patient safety and nursing focused, and identified one of the following issues (leadership, advocacy, interdisciplinary working, empowerment and collaboration). Eleven papers were selected and critically reviewed. Finding: Of the 11 papers, 7 were undertaken in the USA, 2 in Canada, 1 in the UK and 1 in Iceland. Selected papers comprised of one systematic review, one cohort study, four qualitative studies, three cross-sectional studies, one survey and an evaluation. The quality of papers was variable and provided limited evidence of impact or effectiveness in terms of nurses directly influencing patient safety. Conclusion: Gaps currently exist in relation to knowledge on the extent and nature of the role of nurses in patient safety improvement. Considerable work is required before comprehensive solutions can be further developed. Huge potential exists for improvement through nursing empowerment, leadership and the development of tools to strengthen and support nurses' influential role in the quality and safety movement; therefore, the need for investment into well-designed research studies to address these gaps is obvious, required and timely.