Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Sustainability Rate of Cropping Systems Commonly Used in Jahrom Region, Fars Province, Iran

Maintenance and sustainability of agricultural products sources are considered as the significant principles of sustainable agriculture while healthy products and continuity in production are dependent on the development of sustainable agriculture. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the sustainability rate of cropping systems which are commonly used in Jahrom region, Iran. The study is descriptive and analytic; making use of Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated as 100 individuals who were studied based on a questionnaire in multiple cropping system or poly-cropping and single cropping systems or monoculture (wheat). The results indicate that 58% of cropping systems tend to unsustainability in Jahrom region; just 12 % of systems are categorized as sustainable while 30% of these cropping systems are relatively sustainable. Comparisons done on mean of sustainability indices in cropping systems show that the mean of sustainability in indices such as the type of cropping land, sustainable agriculture knowledge, function in a year and the attitude toward sustainable agriculture in multiple cropping systems are more significant than these indices in single cropping systems. In addition, Index of social participation (mean value) and ecological features in single cropping systems are more than these factors in multiple cropping systems. The estimated results of regression model indicate that the effective factors on sustainability of studied cropping systems include variables of land ownership, the entire cropping land, social participation, sustainable agricultural knowledge, and the obstacles in achieving sustainability in agriculture which covers and describes 70% of changes in dependent variables.
In Vivo Genetic Screens of Patient-Derived Tumors Revealed Unexpected Frailty of the Transformed Phenotype.

UNLABELLED The identification of genes maintaining cancer growth is critical to our understanding of tumorigenesis. We report the first in vivo genetic screen of patient-derived tumors, using metastatic melanomas and targeting 236 chromatin genes by expression of specific shRNA libraries. Our screens revealed unprecedented numerosity of genes indispensable for tumor growth (∼50% of tested genes) and unexpected functional heterogeneity among patients (<15% in common). Notably, these genes were not activated by somatic mutations in the same patients and are therefore distinguished from mutated cancer driver genes. We analyzed underlying molecular mechanisms of one of the identified genes, the Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT2D, and showed that it promotes tumorigenesis by dysregulating a subset of transcriptional enhancers and target genes involved in cell migration. The assembly of enhancer genomic patterns by activated KMT2D was highly patient-specific, regardless of the identity of transcriptional targets, suggesting that KMT2D might be activated by distinct upstream signaling pathways. SIGNIFICANCE Drug targeting of biologically relevant cancer-associated mutations is considered a critical strategy to control cancer growth. Our functional in vivo genetic screens of patient-derived tumors showed unprecedented numerosity and interpatient heterogeneity of genes that are essential for tumor growth, but not mutated, suggesting that multiple, patient-specific signaling pathways are activated in tumors. Cancer Discov; 6(6); 650-63. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 561.
Triclabendazole for the treatment of fascioliasis and paragonimiasis

Fascioliasis and paragonimiasis, which are caused by liver flukes (Fasciola) and lung flukes (Paragonimus), are emerging public health problems. Several hundred millions of people are at risk of the two diseases that cause considerable morbidity and delay socio-economic development. Triclabendazole, a benzimidazole derivative, has been routinely used since 1983 in veterinary medicine to control infections with Fasciola spp. in domestic herbivorous animals. In 1986, a veterinary formulation of triclabendazole was first administered to two human patients with fascioliasis. Clinical data obtained thus far suggest that triclabendazole is the most efficacious and best tolerated drug for the treatment of fascioliasis. Moreover, the drug holds promise as a useful therapeutic alternative to praziquantel in the treatment of paragonimiasis. This review of triclabendazole includes an overview of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, toxicology and efficacy against the major food-borne trematodes in laboratory animals. Data from case reports and clinical trials in humans infected with Fasciola spp. and Paragonimus spp. are summarised and the current state of triclabendazole regarding treatment of human fascioliasis and paragonimiasis is described. Efforts to facilitate broader registration of this drug should go hand-in-hand with research and development on novel drugs against food-borne trematodiasis, better access to improved sanitation, sound health education and the development of new technologies for assuring food safety.
Effects of Visual Exposure to the Opposite Sex: Cognitive Aspects of Mate Attraction in Human Males

This research is an investigation into the cognitive aspects of mate attraction in human males. Two experiments demonstrate that visual exposure to women (in person or within photographs) can prime large changes in the attitudes, mood states, and personality trait descriptions of male participants. These changes, furthermore, are such that participants show greater conformity to female mate preferences as described in the extant literature: In particular, men exposed to potential mates reported higher valuations of material wealth, greater momentary feelings of ambition, higher valuations of other indicators of social status, and personality trait descriptions indicative of high surgency/extraversion. All such effects occurred without participants’ awareness that their responses had been affected by the experimental manipulations. These findings suggest a model of mate attraction mechanisms in which input cues from potential mates can prime those psychological representations that facilitate the behavioral expression of courtship tactics.
Inference for Continuous Semimartingales Observed at High Frequency: A General Approach

The econometric literature of high frequency data usually relies on moment estimators which are derived from assuming local constancy of volatility and related quantities. We here show that this first order approximation is not always valid if used naively. We find that such approximations require an ex post adjustment involving asymptotic likelihood ratios. These are given. Several examples (powers of volatility, leverage effect, ANOVA) are provided. The first order approximations in this study can be over the period of one observation, or over blocks of successive observations. The theory relies heavily on the interplay between stable convergence and measure change, and on asymptotic expansions for martingales. Practically, the procedure permits (1) the definition of estimators of hard to reach quantities, such as the leverage effect, (2) the improvement in efficiency in classical estimators, and (3) easy analysis. More conceptually, we show that the approximation induces a measure change similar to that occurring in options pricing theory. In particular, localization over one observation induces a measure change related to the leverage effect, while localization over a block of observations creates an effect that connects to the volatility of volatility. Another conceptual gain is the relationship to Hermite polynomials. The three measure changes mentioned relate, respectively, to the first, third, and second such polynomial.
International Journal of Current Research in

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the major root and tuber crops contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Togo. Unfortunately, its cultivars diversity is still not known and has even never been assessed and documented countrywide for use in breeding and development programs. To fill this gap of knowledge, 40 villages randomly selected within cassava production zones in Togo were surveyed using participatory rural appraisal. A total of 168 farmer-named cultivars were recorded. Their number varied from 1 to 15 (7 on average) per village. The highest diversity in the surveyed area was found at M'poti (15 cultivars) in Centrale region while the lowest diversity was found at Awounadjassi (1 cultivar) in plateaux region. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H) was estimated at 3.59 bits.The folk nomenclature was analysed and understood. The distribution and extent analysis revealed that per village few cultivars (0 to 4) are produced by many houses on large areas. The rates of cultivars abandonment risk varying from 14% to 86% (44.87% on average) depending on the village. Low productivity, late maturity and toxicity were the main abandonment reasons reported by farmer. Subject to synonymy, the participatory evaluation of the 168 cultivars inventoried yielded 37 tolerant to poor soils, 29 tolerant to high soil moisture (adaptability to lowlands), 58 tolerant to drought and 57 tolerant to weeds.The majority (132 cultivars) of cultivars were well adapted to all type of soil, 119 were able to make good quality of chips whereas 123 cultivars were non-toxic. As cassava is a vegetative propagated crop and cultivars’ vernacular names vary across ethnic groups, it was recommended that the diversity be collected and fully characterized and synonymies clearly established. The results were found as of high importance for research and development actions including ex situ and in situ on farm conservation. Accepted: 10 April 2017 Available Online: 06 June 2017
Influence of patients' self-respect on their experience of feeling respected in doctor–patient interactions

The study aimed to investigate the effect of patients' self-respect on their experience of feeling respected in doctor–patient interactions. It also explored influences of different behaviours of doctors on patients' experience of feeling respected. Forty-five participants were invited to identify with either a respect worthy or non-respect worthy self-description in random order and subsequently, to watch a series of ten video clips of doctor–patient interactions, while imagining they were the patients depicted. The video clips were designed to illustrate five behaviours of doctors that varied in terms of respectfulness. After watching each one, participants indicated how respected they felt on a visual analogue scale. Results showed a significant main effect of self-description on participants' feelings of being respected. Differences between the effects of doctors' behaviours on participants' feelings of being respected were also observed. The study thus showed that patients' self-respect is likely to have an impact on how respected they feel when interacting with their doctor. Implications of this for the quality of the doctor–patient relationship and patient health outcomes are raised. Implications of the respect shown by doctors are also discussed.
The Indo-European Family Tree and its Split – a Report from the Workshop "The Indo-European Family Tree"

The paper provides an overview of a number of recent presentations of the Indo-European family tree and the split off its branches, as found in standard textbooks on the topic. These views are contrasted against the results of a workshop, The Indo-European family tree (University of Copenhagen, 15–17 Feb. 2017). Our account specifically addresses whether there are reasons to assume the existence of Italo-Celtic, Graeco-Armenian and what is the position of the Germanic branch in the tree. The use of new archaeological methods, computational cladistics and DNA-studies and their possible importance for diachronic linguistics are also mentioned.
High-Frequency Ultrasound for the Study of Early Mouse Embryonic Cardiovascular System

An accurate diagnosis of congenital heart defects during fetal development is critical for interventional planning. Mice can be used to generate animal models with heart defects, and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) imaging enables in utero imaging of live mouse embryos. A wide range of physiological measurements is possible using Doppler-HFUS imaging; limitations of any single measurement warrant a multiparameter approach to characterize cardiovascular function. Doppler-HFUS was used to explore the embryonic (heart, aorta) and extraembryonic (umbilical blood flow) circulatory systems to create a database in normal mouse embryos between 9.5 and 16.5 days of gestation. Multivariate analyses were performed to explore correlations between gestational age and embryo echocardiographic parameters. Heart rate and peak velocity in the aorta were positively correlated with gestational time, whereas cardiac cycle length, isovolumetric relaxation time, myocardial performance index, and arterial deceleration time of the umbilical cord were negatively correlated with it. Doppler-HFUS facilitated detailed characterization of the embryonic mouse circulation and represents a useful tool for investigation of the early mouse embryonic cardiovascular system.
Eco-Physiological Study of Marshy and Sandy Habitats of Kachchh

The Kachchh coast is an ecologically sensitive zone as it supports vast areas of Mangroves, Corals, mudflats and the various components of the ecology are interlinked into a fragile ecosystem. The mangroves help the ecosystem by contributing to the oxygen Budget and in Soil Conservation. Mangroves and Corals are the nursing grounds for a variety economically important fishes, exotic coral fishes and innumerable flora and fauna. Conservation plan for patchy corals of the Gulf of Kachchh is reported. Present a detailed discussion on mangroves of the Gulf, marine floral and faunal wealth and the environmental problems like exploitation of mangrove vegetation, salt pans etc. Case studies on feasibility and conceptual plan for oceanarium, dolphinarium, marine land complex are discussed for conservation of marine life. Study aspect on the restoration of mangrove forest in detail. Ecology and biodiversity of Indian mangroves have been reviewed. Coastal and marine environment of Gulf of Kachchh has been chosen for development of model coastal management plans. Proposed establishment of refineries along the southern shore of the Gulf of Kachchh and eventual increase in the movement of crude oil and petroleum products high lights the urgent need of an adequately evolved environment management plan to minimum adverse impacts on the rich and diverse bio-productive regime of the Gulf. The various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed and study of marshy and sandy habitat in Kachchh region Texture found Sand>Silt>Clay in all samples. parameter of soil like pH 7.5, Sodium 190 mg/l, Calcium 0.23375 mg/l, Magnesium 0.40075 mg/l. Total Hardness 0.635mg/l, Chloride 3.552 mg/l, Potassium 106 mg/l. Keywords— Chemical parameter, coastal zone, ecologically sensitive zone, marshy area, physical parameter
Evaluating health-related quality of life in type 1 diabetes: a systematic literature review of utilities for adults with type 1 diabetes

Background and aims Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition associated with micro- and macrovascular complications that have a notable impact on health-related quality of life, the magnitude of which can be quantified via the use of utility values. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic literature review to identify and compare published health state utility values for adults with type 1 diabetes both, with and without diabetes-related complications. Methods Literature searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were performed to identify English language studies on adults with type 1 diabetes, published from 2000 onward, reporting utility values for patients with or without diabetes-related complications or assessing the impact of changes in HbA1c or body mass index on quality of life. For inclusion, studies were required to report utilities elicited using validated methods. Results A total of 20 studies were included in the final review that included utility values elicited using the EuroQuol five dimensions questionnaire (n=9), 15D questionnaire (n=2), Quality of Well-Being scale (n=4), time trade-off (n=3), and standard gamble (n=2) methods. For patients with no complications, reported utility values ranged from 0.90 to 0.98. Complications including stroke (reported disutility range, −0.105 to −0.291), neuropathy (range, −0.055 to −0.358), and blindness (range, −0.132 to −0.208) were associated with the largest decrements in utility values. The magnitude of utility values and utility decrements was influenced by the assessment method used. Conclusion Complications lead to impaired health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes, the magnitude of which is influenced by the method used to determine utilities. There is currently a lack of utility data for certain complications of type 1 diabetes, meaning that many economic evaluations have relied on a combination of type 1 and type 2 diabetes utilities, despite differences between the conditions and populations, or type 1 diabetes-specific utilities derived from different instruments.
Research Laboratories as Evolving Distributed Cognitive Systems

We are carrying out a research project aimed at understanding reasoning and representational practices employed in problem solving in biomedical engineering (BME) laboratories. These laboratories are best construed as evolving distributed cognitive systems: the laboratory is not simply a physical space, but a problem space, the components of which change over time; cognition is distributed among people and artifacts; and the cognitive partnerships between the technological artifacts and the researchers in the system evolve. To investigate this evolving cognitive system we use both ethnography and cognitive-historical analysis. Understanding practices in innovative research laboratories requires in-depth observation of the lab as it presently exists, as well as research into the histories of the experimental devices used in it. We are aiming here for relational accounts (‘biographies’) of the distributed cognitive systems within the lab as they change in time. In this we find that one cannot divorce research from learning in the context of the laboratory, where learning involves building relationships with artifacts.
Streamflow variability and its relationship with climate indices in western rivers of Argentina

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the streamflow variability of Argentinean Andean basins (22°–52°S). Trends and step changes of seven hydrological variables were analysed. In addition, relationships between the hydrological variables and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Niño 3.4, and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) indices were analysed. Most streamflow variables showed upward trends in the northwest and central-western basins, while downward trends were identified in the Patagonia (southwestern) region. Streamflow of the central-western and Patagonian basins was positively correlated with the Niño 3.4 index. Moreover, an inverse relationship with the SAM was found in watersheds south of 37°S. Positive step changes associated with the PDO phases in the north and central-western basins in the mid-1970s were detected, while negative step changes resulted in Patagonia between 1970 and 2000. This research provides new evidence of the influence of major climate modes on streamflow variability in the western rivers of Argentina.
Real-time block transfer under a link sharing hierarchy

Most application-level data units are too large to be carried in a single packet (or cell) and must be segmented for network delivery. To an application, the end-to-end delays and loss rate of its data units are much more relevant performance measures than ones specified for individual packets (or cells). The concept of a burst (or block) was introduced to represent a sequence of packets (or cells) that carry an application data unit. In this paper, we describe how a real-time VBR service, with quality of service parameters for block transfer delay and block loss rate, can be provided by integrating concepts and delay guarantee results from our previous work on burst scheduling, together with ideas from ATM block transfer. Two new contributions are presented. First, we design an admission control algorithm to provide the following classes of service: bounded-delay block transfer with no loss, and bounded-delay block transfer at a specified block loss rate. Second, we show how to extend existing end-to-end delay bounds to networks with hierarchical link sharing.
Primary gastric stump cancer.

Primary gastric stump cancer has been defined as a primary carcinoma of the gastric remnant, arising at a minimum of 5 years following a partial gastrectomy, in which the resected portion of the stomach was shown microscopically to be free of malignant disease.Our experience with 12 patients with this entity is presented. Two additional patients developed gastric cancer following a gastroenterostomy.An abnormality was detected in 9 cases and correctly diagnosed as cancer in 6 instances. Retrospectively, abnormalities were present in all 12 patients.Review of the world literature tends to support the concept that patients who have had a partial gastrectomy for gastric ulcer are more likely to develop gastric cancer than those who were operated on because of a duodenal ulcer.
Comparative effects of nebivolol and metoprolol on oxidative stress, insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin and soluble P-selectin levels in hypertensive patients

Objectives To determine the effects of nebivolol on oxidative stress, insulin resistance, adiponectin and plasma soluble P-selectin levels in hypertensive patients in comparison with metoprolol. Material and methods Eighty newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in grade 1 hypertension according to the European Society of Hypertension and European Society of Cardiology guidelines were enrolled in this prospective, blinded, randomized study. Seventy-two patients completed the study. After baseline assessment, each patient was randomly allocated to a 5 mg daily dose of nebivolol (n = 37, 20 male) or a 100 mg daily dose of metoprolol (n = 35, 18 male) and treated for 6 months. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxidative stress (malonyldialdehyde), homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance, adiponectin and plasma soluble P-selectin levels were measured before and after treatment. Results At the end of treatment, nebivolol and metoprolol significantly decreased blood pressure and heart rate, with a more pronounced bradycardic effect of metoprolol. Nebivolol, but not metoprolol, significantly lowered oxidative stress (P = 0.03), the insulin resistance index (P = 0.003) and plasma soluble P-selectin levels (P = 0.008), and increased adiponectin levels (P = 0.04). Conclusion Nebivolol, in contrast to metoprolol, improved oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity, decreased plasma soluble P-selectin and increased adiponectin levels in hypertensive patients. These beneficial effects of nebivolol may contribute to a reduction in cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients.
Discriminative training for speech recognition is compensating for statistical dependence in the HMM framework

The parameters of the standard Hidden Markov Model framework for speech recognition are typically trained via Maximum Likelihood. However, better recognition performance is achievable with discriminative training criteria like Maximum Mutual Information or Minimum Phone Error. While it is generally accepted that these discriminative criteria are better suited to minimizing Word Error Rate, there is very little qualitative intuition for how the improvements are achieved. Through a series of “resampling” experiments, we show that discriminative training (MPE in particular) appears to be compensating for a specific incorrect assumption of the HMM-that speech frames are conditionally independent.