Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Inference of Software Library Usage Patterns

Modern software systems are increasingly dependent on third-party libraries. It is widely recognized that using mature and well-tested third-party libraries can improve developers' productivity, reduce time-to-market, and produce more reliable software. Today's open-source repositories provide a wide range of libraries that can be freely downloaded and used. However, as software libraries are documented separately but intended to be used together, developers are unlikely to fully take advantage of these reuse opportunities. In this paper, we present a novel approach to automatically identify third-party library usage patterns, i.e., collections of libraries that are commonly used together by developers. Our approach employs hierarchical clustering technique to group together software libraries based on external client usage. To evaluate our approach, we mined a large set of over 6,000 popular libraries from Maven Central Repository and investigated their usage by over 38,000 client systems from the Github repository. Our experiments show that our technique is able to detect the majority (77%) of highly consistent and cohesive library usage patterns across a considerable number of client systems.
The Depletion of NK Cells Prevents T Cell Exhaustion to Efficiently Control Disseminating Virus Infection

NK cells have well-established functions in immune defense against virus infections and cancer through their cytolytic activity and production of cytokines. In this study, we examined the frequency of NK cells and their influence on T cell responses in mice given variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus that cause acute or persisting infection. We found increased frequencies of circulating NK cells during disseminating infection compared with uninfected or acutely infected mice. Consistent with recent reports, we observed that the depletion of NK cells in mice with disseminated infection increased peak numbers of virus-specific cytokine producing CD8+ T cells and resulted in the rapid resolution of disseminated infection. Additionally, we show that NK cell depletion sustained T cell responses across time and protected against T cell exhaustion. The positive effects of NK cell depletion on T cell responses only occurred when NK cells were depleted within the first 2 d of infection. We find that the improved CD8+ T cell response correlated with an enhanced ability of APCs from NK cell–depleted mice to stimulate T cell proliferation, independently of the effects of NK cells on CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that NK cells play an integral role in limiting the CD8 T cell response and contribute to T cell exhaustion by diminishing APC function during persisting virus infection.
A Folksonomy-based Guidance Mechanism for Context-aware Ubiquitous Learning: A Case Study of Chinese Scenic Poetry Appreciation Activities

In this work ubiquitous learning technologies are applied to Chinese scenic poetry appreciation. A folksonomy-based approach is proposed to accumulate knowledge about poems and their corresponding scenic spots. A user can use a “Tagging” operation by a smart phone to associate a concept (a word, a phrase or a sentence) with a scenic spot. These associations will be recorded in a folksonomy, which is then transformed into a Learning Guidance Tree to support personalized guidance in u-learning environments. The purpose of this work is to propose a folksonomy-based guidance mechanism. Also, we attempt to find students’ and teachers’ attitudes towards the innovative application through a case study. To show the effectiveness of the innovative approach, a ubiquitous learning system was developed to conduct Chinese scenic poetry appreciation activities for a fifth-grade Chinese course in Taiwan, in which forty-eight students participated. The survey results show that the system had a positive impact on students’ learning, especially on the affective domain including participation, motivation and interaction.
Comparative proteomic and regulatory network analyses of the elongating pig conceptus

Embryo loss during peri‐implantation can approach 20% in swine following artificial insemination or natural mating and coincides with rapid conceptus elongation. The objective of the present study was to establish a comprehensive profile of the abundant proteins of the pig conceptus at the time prior to implantation and identify stage‐specific changes during elongation. The abundant proteins of a homogenous population of gestational day‐11 ovoid (0.7–1 cm) and gestational day‐12 filamentous (15–20 cm) porcine concepti were compared by extracting proteins from three independent conceptus pools and separating the proteins by 2‐DE. Proteins in 305 spots were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF or additionally by LC‐MS/MS and 275 were positively identified representing 174 distinct proteins. The proteins could be classified into the following functional categories: cell proliferation/differentiation, cytoskeleton, metabolism, and stress response. Based on spot density, 35 proteins associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and embryo/maternal signaling, were found to be differentially expressed between ovoid and filamentous concepti. A comparison of the protein expression profile with transcriptomic data from pig concepti of the same developmental stages identified similarities and dissimilarities between protein and mRNA expression profiles. This proteomic study helps to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the early embryonic development of the pig.
G-Jitter Induced Free Convection over a Vertical Flat Plate

The effect of the periodic oscillation of the gravitational field, known as g-jitter, on the free convection from a vertical plate is investigated in the present paper. The problem has been simplified by the laminar boundary layer and Boussinesq approximations. The fully implicit finite-difference scheme is used to solve the dimensionless system of the governing equations. The results for laminar flow of air (Pr = 0.72) and water (Pr = 7.00) are presented for different values of the amplitudes and frequencies of the g-jitter. The results presented show the steady periodic variation of Nusselt number and the friction coefficient with the amplitude and frequency of the gravitational acceleration oscillation. It is found that the Prandtl number as well as the amplitude and the frequency of the oscillating gravitational acceleration affect considerably the periodic oscillation of the Nusselt number and the skin friction on the vertical plate. AJSTD Vol.23(1&2) pp.133-143 (2006)
Effects of rosiglitazone (PPAR γ agonist) on the myocardium in non‐hypertensive diabetic rats 罗格列酮（PPAR γ 激动剂）对非高血压糖尿病大鼠的心肌的影响

There is ongoing controversy regarding the safety of rosiglitazone and its effects on the myocardium, in some cases causing severe cardiac pathology and even in some instances mortality. In this study we aimed at examining the effects of pharmacologic doses of rosiglitazone on cardiomyocytes in diabetic non‐cardiac rats receiving sub‐optimal doses of insulin.
Modeling Exposures for DNA Methylation Profiles

We extend the finite mixture model to estimate the association between exposure and latent disease subtype measured by DNA methylation profiles. Estimates from this model are compared with those obtained from the simpler two-phase approach of first clustering the DNA methylation data followed by associating exposure with disease subtype using logistic regression. The two models are fit to data from a study of colorectal adenomas and are compared in a simulation study. Depending on the analytic approach, we obtain different estimates of the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association of RBC folate and DNA methylation subtype in colorectal adenomas (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.08-1.26 from the extended finite mixture model; OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.15-1.28 from the two-phase approach; n = 58 case subjects). Although our results could be a chance occurrence due to fluctuations from small sample size, we did a simulation study using larger samples and found that differences between the two approaches emerge when there is noise in the cluster analysis. In the naive two-phase approach, the estimate of the OR is biased towards the null, and its SE is underestimated when there is error in the cluster assignment. Estimates from the extended mixture model are unbiased and have the correct SE estimate but may require larger sample sizes for convergence. Thus, when the clusters are not identified with certainty, the extended mixture model is preferred for valid estimation of the OR and CI. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(3):567–72)
Panorama weaving

A fundamental step in stitching several pictures to form a larger mosaic is the computation of boundary seams that minimize the visual artifacts in the transition between images. Current seam computation algorithms use optimization methods that may be slow, sequential, memory intensive, and prone to finding suboptimal solutions related to local minima of the chosen energy function. Moreover, even when these techniques perform well, their solution may not be perceptually ideal (or even good). Such an inflexible approach does not allow the possibility of user-based improvement. This paper introduces the Panorama Weaving technique for seam creation and editing in an image mosaic. First, Panorama Weaving provides a procedure to create boundaries for panoramas that is fast, has low memory requirements and is easy to parallelize. This technique often produces seams with lower energy than the competing global technique. Second, it provides the first interactive technique for the exploration of the seam solution space. This powerful editing capability allows the user to automatically extract energy minimizing seams given a sparse set of constraints. With a variety of empirical results, we show how Panorama Weaving allows the computation and editing of a wide range of digital panoramas including unstructured configurations.
Emergence of Good Conduct, Scaling and Zipf Laws in Human Behavioral Sequences in an Online World

We study behavioral action sequences of players in a massive multiplayer online game. In their virtual life players use eight basic actions which allow them to interact with each other. These actions are communication, trade, establishing or breaking friendships and enmities, attack, and punishment. We measure the probabilities for these actions conditional on previous taken and received actions and find a dramatic increase of negative behavior immediately after receiving negative actions. Similarly, positive behavior is intensified by receiving positive actions. We observe a tendency towards anti-persistence in communication sequences. Classifying actions as positive (good) and negative (bad) allows us to define binary ‘world lines’ of lives of individuals. Positive and negative actions are persistent and occur in clusters, indicated by large scaling exponents of the mean square displacement of the world lines. For all eight action types we find strong signs for high levels of repetitiveness, especially for negative actions. We partition behavioral sequences into segments of length (behavioral ‘words’ and ‘motifs’) and study their statistical properties. We find two approximate power laws in the word ranking distribution, one with an exponent of for the ranks up to 100, and another with a lower exponent for higher ranks. The Shannon -tuple redundancy yields large values and increases in terms of word length, further underscoring the non-trivial statistical properties of behavioral sequences. On the collective, societal level the timeseries of particular actions per day can be understood by a simple mean-reverting log-normal model.
Robotic On-Orbit Servicing - DLR's Experience and Perspective

The increasing number of launched satellites per year, calls for solutions to keep free operational space for telecommunication systems in geo-synchronized orbit, as well as to avoid the endangering of space systems in LEO (low-Earth orbit) and of the public living in the habited parts on Earth. Examples for such dangerous stranded space systems in the past are Skylab and MIR. In the future, the uncontrolled and accidental de-orbiting of other huge satellites is expected, where parts of these will hit the surface of the Earth. A feasible way to handle such problems might be to enforce the operational requirement to use some dedicated residual fuel for a controlled de-orbiting, or in case of GEO (geostationary orbit), to lift the satellites at their end of life into the graveyard orbit. Despite these measures, malfunctions of solar generators, control systems or thrusters cannot be avoided. Therefore, on-orbit servicing (OOS) will be a mandatory and challenging topic for space robotics in the near future. The outcome of national German projects like ROTEX, ESS and GETEX/ETS-VII represent a know-how which can be directly applied for the development of OOS-robotic systems. Control structures and several possible operational modes are discussed within this paper. The recently started national project ROKVISS already provides the necessary space-qualified hardware as well as the very powerful telepresence operational mode. The paper will concentrate on a description of the ROKVISS mission
Influence of Music on Anxiety Induced by Fear of Heights in Virtual Reality

Music is a potent mood regulator that can induce relaxation and reduce anxiety in different situations. While several studies demonstrate that certain types of music have a subjective anxiolytic effect, the reported results from physiological responses are less conclusive. Virtual reality allows us to study diverse scenarios of real life under strict experimental control while preserving high ecological validity. We aimed to study the modulating effect of music on the anxiety responses triggered by an immersive virtual reality scenario designed to induce fear of heights. Subjects experienced a virtual scenario depicting an exterior elevator platform ascending and descending the total height of its 350 meters tall supporting structure. Participants were allocated to either a group that experienced the elevator ride with background music or without, in a between-groups design. Furthermore, each group included participants with different degrees of fear of heights, ranging from low to high fear. Recordings of heart rate, galvanic skin response, body balance, and head movements were obtained during the experiments. Subjective anxiety was measured by means of three questionnaires. The scenario produced significant changes in subjective and physiological measures, confirming its efficacy as a stressor. A significant increase in state anxiety was found between pre and post-assessment in the silence group, but not in the music group, indicating that post-stress recovery was faster in the musical group. Results suggest that music can ameliorate the subjective anxiety produced by fear of heights.
Biodiversity in Lactobacillus helveticus strains present in natural whey starter used for Parmigiano Reggiano cheese

Aims: Lactobacillus helveticus is the dominant microflora of the natural whey starters used for Parmigiano Reggiano cheese making. The aim of this work was to study the biodiversity of different strains of Lact. helveticus present in six cultures and to compare them with strains of the same species previously isolated from natural whey cultures used for Grana Padano and Provolone cheeses.
Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Flowshop Scheduling

In the context of manufacturing systems, scheduling refers to allocation of resources over time to perform a set of operations. Manufacturing systems scheduling has many applications ranging from manufacturing, computer processing, transportation, communication, health care, space exploration, education, distribution networks, etc. Scheduling is a process by which limited resources are allocated over time among parallel or sequential activities. Solving such a problem amounts to making discrete choices such that an optimal solution is found among a finite or a countably infinite number of alternatives. Such problems are called combinatorial optimization problems. Typically, the task is complex, limiting the practical utility of combinatorial, mathematical programming and other analytical methods in solving scheduling problems effectively. Manufacturing system entails the acquisition and allocation of limited resources to production activities so as to reduce the manufacturing cycle time and in-process inventory and to satisfy customer demand in specified time. Successful achievement of these objectives lies in efficient scheduling of the system. Scheduling plays an important role in shop floor planning. A schedule shows the planned time when processing of a specific job will start on a machine. It also indicates when a job will get completed on a machine. Scheduling is a decisionmaking process of sequencing a set of operations on different machines in a manufacturing unit. The objective of scheduling is generally to improve the utilization of resources and profitability of production lines. Scheduling problem is characterized by three components namely: 1. Number of machines, number of jobs and the processing time for each job using appropriate machine 2. A set of constraints such as operation precedence constraint for a given job and operation non-overlapping constraint for a given machine 3. A target function called objective function consisting of single or multiple criteria that must be optimized. Traditionally, scheduling researchers has shown interest in optimizing a single-objective or performance measure while scheduling, which is not a reality. Practical scheduling problems acquire consideration of several objectives as desired by the scheduler. When multiple criteria are considered, scheduler may wish to generate a schedule which performs
FrzS Regulates Social Motility in Myxococcus xanthus by Controlling Exopolysaccharide Production

Myxococcus xanthus Social (S) motility occurs at high cell densities and is powered by the extension and retraction of Type IV pili which bind ligands normally found in matrix exopolysaccharides (EPS). Previous studies showed that FrzS, a protein required for S-motility, is organized in polar clusters that show pole-to-pole translocation as cells reverse their direction of movement. Since the leading cell pole is the site of both the major FrzS cluster and type IV pilus extension/retraction, it was suggested that FrzS might regulate S-motility by activating pili at the leading cell pole. Here, we show that FrzS regulates EPS production, rather than type IV pilus function. We found that the frzS phenotype is distinct from that of Type IV pilus mutants such as pilA and pilT, but indistinguishable from EPS mutants, such as epsZ. Indeed, frzS mutants can be rescued by the addition of purified EPS, 1% methylcellulose, or co-culturing with wildtype cells. Our data also indicate that the cell density requirement in S-motility is likely a function of the ability of cells to construct functional multicellular clusters surrounding an EPS core.
Modeling Heterogeneous User Churn and Local Resilience of Unstructured P2P Networks

Previous analytical results on the resilience of unstructured P2P systems have not explicitly modeled heterogeneity of user churn (i.e., difference in online behavior) or the impact of in-degree on system resilience. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a generic model of heterogeneous user churn, derive the distribution of the various metrics observed in prior experimental studies (e.g., lifetime distribution of joining users, joint distribution of session time of alive peers, and residual lifetime of a randomly selected user), derive several closed-form results on the transient behavior of in-degree, and eventually obtain the joint in/out degree isolation probability as a simple extension of the out-degree model.
Influence of KCl Deposit Morphology on Corrosion of Austenitic Alloys at 500°C

In biofuel combustion corrosion of the superheater tubes induced by alkali chlorides in the deposits limits the efficiency in electricity production. The most severe corrosion generally occurs at the edge of the deposits. This location may be governed by the transport through the deposit. While most of the literature is focused on the effect of the deposit composition this study examined how the morphology of solid KCl deposits affects the attack. Coupons of two austenitic alloys (Alloy 310 and Sanicro 28) inside tablets of pressed KCl with different density and thickness were exposed to N25%O210%H2O at 500°C for 168h. Prior to the exposure tablets were shaped to examine the effect of thickness gradients, edges and cracks. Potassium chromate and iron-chromium oxides formed for all deposit morphologies and chlorine was frequently observed at the interface to the metal. The thicknesses of the deposit clearly affected that of the reaction products, especially for Alloy 310. The thickest products formed at intermediate deposit thickness. This behaviour is similar to that observed for these alloys in a field test. Cracks in the deposits enhanced the attack. At least for Sanicro 28, the chromate formation was observed to break down the protective chromia and thus accelerate the attack. Both alloys were preferentially attacked at metal grain boundaries.
Review of Bi2O3 based glasses for electronics and related applications

The present work critically reviews the scientific and patent literature on low melting bismuth based oxide glass frits in materials for electronics, sensors and related applications such as sealing glasses, solar cells, architectural and automotive glass, the main motivation being to replace lead based materials by environmentally more benign ones. Due to similar glass forming properties of Bi and Pb, Bi based glasses are the closest ‘drop-in’ alternative for lead bearing formulations, and are therefore actually replacing them in many applications, helped also by previous experience with Bi containing materials in thick film technology and component metallisations. The outstanding issues are discussed, e.g. matching the lowest processing temperatures achieved by the classical lead based glasses without sacrificing durability and stability, as well as stability versus chemical reduction. Finally, consideration is also given to special ‘heavy’ glasses (often containing Bi and Pb together) that are useful in fields such as optics, superconductors and nuclear technology, as well as to specific Bi2O3 containing crystalline compounds.
Expected Value Information Improves Financial Risk Taking Across the Adult Life Span

When making decisions, individuals must often compensate for cognitive limitations, particularly in the face of advanced age. Recent findings suggest that age-related variability in striatal activity may increase financial risk-taking mistakes in older adults. In two studies, we sought to further characterize neural contributions to optimal financial risk taking and to determine whether decision aids could improve financial risk taking. In Study 1, neuroimaging analyses revealed that individuals whose mesolimbic activation correlated with the expected value estimates of a rational actor made more optimal financial decisions. In Study 2, presentation of expected value information improved decision making in both younger and older adults, but the addition of a distracting secondary task had little impact on decision quality. Remarkably, provision of expected value information improved the performance of older adults to match that of younger adults at baseline. These findings are consistent with the notion that mesolimbic circuits play a critical role in optimal choice, and imply that providing simplified information about expected value may improve financial risk taking across the adult life span.