Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibody Fragments Directed against Different Portions of the Human Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Act as Inhibitors or Activators of L1 Function

The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 plays important roles in neuronal migration and survival, neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. L1 has also been found in tumors of different origins, with levels of L1 expression correlating positively with the metastatic potential of tumors. To select antibodies targeting the varied functions of L1, we screened the Tomlinson library of recombinant human antibody fragments to identify antibodies binding to recombinant human L1 protein comprising the entire extracellular domain of human L1. We obtained four L1 binding single-chain variable fragment antibodies (scFvs), named I4, I6, I13, and I27 and showed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that scFvs I4 and I6 have high affinity to the immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains 1–4 of L1, while scFvs I13 and I27 bind strongly to the fibronectin type III homologous (Fn) domains 1–3 of L1. Application of scFvs I4 and I6 to human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells reduced proliferation and transmigration of these cells. Treatment of SK-N-SH cells with scFvs I13 and I27 enhanced cell proliferation and migration, neurite outgrowth, and protected against the toxic effects of H2O2 by increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. In addition, scFvs I4 and I6 inhibited and scFvs I13 and I27 promoted phosphorylation of src and Erk. Our findings indicate that scFvs reacting with the immunoglobulin-like domains 1–4 inhibit L1 functions, whereas scFvs interacting with the fibronectin type III domains 1–3 trigger L1 functions of cultured neuroblastoma cells.
Introduction: Communicating Science: National Approaches in Twentieth-Century Europe

In a recent book on The Publics of Science; Experts and Laymen Through History, Agustí Nieto-Galan introduced his subject of a (mostly Western) history of public science, covering the times from the Scientific Revolution to the twenty-first century, with reference to Sigmund Freud. In one of his essays of cultural critique, Freud had, so to speak, put culture itself on his couch, and this session also featured talk about science and technological application. Civilization and Its Discontents identified a factor of disillusionment in the progress of science and technology, which gave rise to “The Uneasiness in Culture” (the literal translation of the title of Freud's German essay Das Unbehagen in der Kultur), and this uneasiness tainted a great deal of the happiness science and technology were intended to cultivate (Nieto-Galán 2011; Freud 1930). New technology and inventions like telephones, ocean liners, or drugs, Freud argued, were mostly remedies for negative developments technology had just created; for instance, without modern transportation people would stay close to each other and not need any telephone. (However, he did not address the issue of whether scientific knowledge itself may have provided some satisfaction.) The modern individual, as analyzed by Freud, was therefore constantly ill at ease with modern scientific and technological culture.
AFFECTED BY NATURE: A HERMENEUTICAL TRANSFORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS

The value-action gap poses a considerable challenge to normative environmental ethics. Because of the wide array of empirical research results that have become available in the fields of environmental psychology, education, and anthropology, ethicists are at present able to take into account insights on what effectively motivates proenvironmental behavior. The emotional aspect apparently forms a key element within a transformational process that leads to an internalization of nature within one's identity structure. We compare these findings with studies on environmental activists, which appear to a significantly lesser degree hampered by the value-action gap, thereby attempting to understand what provides them with the drive to act more consistently on their moral attitudes. Hermeneutics is found to play a crucial role in the processes that lead to lasting and consistent motivation toward proenvironmental behavior. An empirically informed hermeneutical approach could therefore provide a promising impetus for contemporary environmental ethics.
Using Social Media to Enhance Emergency Situation Awareness: Extended Abstract

Social media platforms, such as Twitter, offer a rich source of real-time information about real-world events, particularly during mass emergencies. Sifting valuable information from social media provides useful insight into time-critical situations for emergency officers to understand the impact of hazards and act on emergency responses in a timely manner. This work focuses on analyzing Twitter messages generated during natural disasters, and shows how natural language processing and data mining techniques can be utilized to extract situation awareness information from Twitter. We present key relevant approaches that we have investigated including burst detection, tweet filtering and classification, online clustering, and geotagging.
‘Why would you want to know?’

With the widespread adoption of smartphones, mobile users today have an increasing number of ways to communicate about their location; the practice of ‘checking in’, thereby broadcasting one’s location to one’s network of friends on Facebook, is one such way. Previous research has indicated that the social sharing of location information in mobile social media may be associated with significant consequences, for instance, in the areas of coordination, self-presentation, network presence and social capital. An interview study conducted with 31 ‘ordinary’ young Danish smartphone and Facebook users, however, indicates that this specific use of location sharing, despite being well-known and despite the potential of the technology indicated by previous research, has come to play a relatively minor role in their everyday lives. Drawing on the domestication approach, this article examines the meaning making associated with the use and particularly the reluctance towards use of the technology and discusses the discrepancy between the existing literature and limited use found in the present study.
A ‘Radical Humanist’ Approach to the Concept of Solidarity

‘Solidarity’ conjures up positive images of the strength of togetherness and community, but in practice it is experienced by groups when confronted by a real or perceived threat from other groups. The ideal of a universal human solidarity appears tenuous and flimsy. However, Richard Rorty and Axel Honneth have attempted, in different ways, to bring this ideal under philosophical consideration. Their treatment of human solidarity is flawed by their a priori rejection of the normative idea of a common human nature. Such an idea, termed ‘radical humanism’, is recon-structed from the work of Erich Fromm, and one of its chief implications – the rejection of liberal nationalism – is proposed as part of a radical challenge to contemporary social and political theory.
Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a pleiotropic phytochemical belonging to the stilbene family. Though it is only significantly present in grape products, a huge amount of preclinical studies investigated its anticancer properties in a plethora of cellular and animal models. Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol involved signaling pathways related to extracellular growth factors and receptor tyrosine kinases; formation of multiprotein complexes and cell metabolism; cell proliferation and genome instability; cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase signaling (cytokine, integrin, and developmental pathways); signal transduction by the transforming growth factor-β super-family; apoptosis and inflammation; and immune surveillance and hormone signaling. Resveratrol also showed a promising role to counteract multidrug resistance: in adjuvant therapy, associated with 5-fluoruracyl and cisplatin, resveratrol had additive and/or synergistic effects increasing the chemosensitization of cancer cells. Resveratrol, by acting on diverse mechanisms simultaneously, has been emphasized as a promising, multi-target, anticancer agent, relevant in both cancer prevention and treatment.
An Experimental Test of the Accumulated Copying Error Model of Cultural Mutation for Acheulean Handaxe Size

Archaeologists interested in explaining changes in artifact morphology over long time periods have found it useful to create models in which the only source of change is random and unintentional copying error, or ‘cultural mutation’. These models can be used as null hypotheses against which to detect non-random processes such as cultural selection or biased transmission. One proposed cultural mutation model is the accumulated copying error model, where individuals attempt to copy the size of another individual's artifact exactly but make small random errors due to physiological limits on the accuracy of their perception. Here, we first derive the model within an explicit mathematical framework, generating the predictions that multiple independently-evolving artifact chains should diverge over time such that their between-chain variance increases while the mean artifact size remains constant. We then present the first experimental test of this model in which 200 participants, split into 20 transmission chains, were asked to faithfully copy the size of the previous participant's handaxe image on an iPad. The experimental findings supported the model's prediction that between-chain variance should increase over time and did so in a manner quantitatively in line with the model. However, when the initial size of the image that the participants resized was larger than the size of the image they were copying, subjects tended to increase the size of the image, resulting in the mean size increasing rather than staying constant. This suggests that items of material culture formed by reductive vs. additive processes may mutate differently when individuals attempt to replicate faithfully the size of previously-produced artifacts. Finally, we show that a dataset of 2601 Acheulean handaxes shows less variation than predicted given our empirically measured copying error variance, suggesting that other processes counteracted the variation in handaxe size generated by perceptual cultural mutation.
Placebo response in binge eating disorder

Objective: Placebo response in studies of binge eating disorder (BED) has raised concern about its diagnostic stability. The aims of this study were (1) to compare placebo responders (PRs) with nonresponders (NRs); (2) to investigate the course of BED following placebo response; and (3) to examine attributions regarding placebo response. Method: The baseline placebo run-in phase (BL) was part of a RCT investigating sibutramine hydrochloride for BED; it included 451 participants, ages 19–63, diagnosed with BED. Follow-up (FU) included 33 PRs. Results: In this study, 32.6% of participants responded to placebo (PRs = 147; NRs = 304). PRs exhibited significantly less symptom severity. At FU (n = 33), many PRs reported continued symptoms. Conclusion: PRs exhibited significantly less severe pathology than NRs. Placebo response in BED may transitory or incomplete. The results of this study suggest variable stability in the BED diagnosis. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
The in Vitro Estrogenic Activities of Polyfluorinated Iodine Alkanes

Background: Polyfluorinated iodine alkanes (PFIs) are important intermediates in the synthesis of organic fluoride products. Recently, PFIs have been detected in fluoropolymers as residual raw materials, as well as in the ambient environment. Objectives: High production volumes and potential environmental releases of PFIs might become a concern, but the exposure risk and toxicity of these chemicals are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the potential estrogenic effects of PFIs. Methods: We studied the estrogenic effects of fluorinated iodine alkanes (FIAs), fluorinated telomer iodides (FTIs), and fluorinated diiodine alkanes (FDIAs) using the E-screen and MVLN assays and the evaluation of estrogen-responsive genes in MCF-7 cells. Results: FIAs have an iodine atom at one end of the perfluorinated carbon chain. 1-Iodoperfluorohexane (PFHxI) and 1-iodoperfluorooctane (PFOI) promoted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, induced luciferase activity in MVLN cells, and up-regulated the expression of TFF1 and EGR3. In these assays, other FIAs gave negative responses. FDIAs have an iodine atom at each end of the perfluorinated carbon chain, and all the FDIAs showed estrogenic effects. The estrogenic potencies of FIAs and FDIAs correlate well with the carbon chain length of the chemicals. The optimum chain length for estrogenic effects is six carbons, and then eight and four carbons. All FTIs have a single iodine atom at the end of a partially fluorinated carbon chain. None of the FTIs showed estrogenic effects in the tests. Conclusions: The estrogenic effects of PFIs are dependent on the structural features of iodine substitution and chain length. This research will be helpful in further understanding the estrogenic effects of perfluorinated compounds.
Social Impact of Implementing a Quality Policy in European Organizations

This paper presents results from an extensive European study about the perceived social impact of the implementation of a quality policy in various organizations. In the first two qualitative research phases the extent of a social impact was delimited whereas the companies quality policies were specified through the objectives pursued. In a final research phase a questionnaire was sent to 765 companies in the 15 countries of the European Union. The data showed the social impact was viewed as mainly related to the employees commitment, to upward communication, job security, career attention, quality of union management dialogue and training all showing a positive relationship with the implementation of the quality policy. Furthermore, it was shown that the company s objectives when implementing a quality policy related in a significant way to the reported social impact. The most pervasive relationship linked a positive social impact to a quality policy aiming at efficiency, effectiveness and organization q.
Evaluation of endometrial carcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging

Our aims were to assess diagnostic performance of T2-weighted (T2W) and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative assessment of myometrial and cervical invasion by endometrial carcinoma and to identify imaging features that predict nodal metastases. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed MR images of 96 patients with endometrial carcinoma. Tumor size, depth of myometrial and cervical invasion, and nodal enlargement were recorded and then correlated with histology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) for the identification of any myometrial invasion (superficial or deep) were 0.94, 0.50, 0.93, 0.55 on T2W and 0.92, 0.50, 0.92, 0.50 on dynamic T1W, and for deep myometrial invasion were 0.84, 0.78, 0.65, 0.91 on T2W and 0.72, 0.88, 0.72, 0.88 on dynamic T1W. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for any cervical invasion (endocervical or stromal) were 0.65, 0.87, 0.57, 0.90 on T2W and 0.50, 0.90, 0.46, 0.92 on dynamic T1W, and for cervical stromal involvement were 0.69, 0.95, 0.69, 0.95 on T2W and 0.50, 0.96, 0.57, 0.95 on dynamic T1W. Leiomyoma or adenomyosis were seen in 73% of misdiagnosed cases. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of nodal metastases was 66% and 73%, respectively. Fifty percent of patients with cervical invasion on MRI had nodal metastases. In conclusion, MRI has a high sensitivity for detecting myometrial invasion and a high NPV for deep invasion. MRI has a high specificity and NPV for detecting cervical invasion. Dynamic enhancement did not improve diagnostic performance. MRI may allow accurate categorization of cases into low- or high-risk groups ensuring suitable extent of surgery and adjuvant therapy
Collaborate With Practitioners

As a research paradigm, collaborative research brings together practitioners and researchers for the purpose of creating knowledge that is relevant to practice and added value to theoretical development. The collaborative effort tends to bridge the rigor–relevance gap. In Kieser and Leiner’s article “Collaborate With Practitioners: But Beware of Collaborative Research,” in the Journal of Management Inquiry, the authors challenge the added value of collaborative research to both practice and the scientific outcomes. This rejoinder takes issue with Kieser and Leiner’s key arguments, basic assumptions, narrow and limited points of departure, the view of the essence of social and management science, misunderstanding of managerial work, collaborative research, and action research.
The GTP hydrolysis defect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant G‐protein Gpa1G50V

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid cell response to pheromone involves two seven‐transmembrane‐domain pheromone receptors that couple to a heterotrimeric G protein. The G50V mutation in the G protein α subunit (Gα), Gpa1p, is analogous to the p21ras transforming mutation Gly→Val 12, and has been extensively examined for the phenotypes it produces in yeast cells. Here we have characterized the Gpa1G50V mutant protein in vitro by examining GTPγS binding, GDP exchange, GTP occupancy and guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity. Compared to wild‐type (WT) Gpa1p, Gpa1G50Vp was found to have a moderately reduced GTPase activity and increased GTP occupancy, while GTPγS binding and GDP exchange were not significantly altered. The yeast regulator of G protein Signalling (RGS) protein, Sst2p, was also expressed and purified, and found to have a significantly reduced ability to stimulate the initial rate of GTP hydrolysis of Gpa1G50Vp compared to its effect on WT Gpa1p. Probing conformational transitions by a protease sensitivity assay suggested that Gpa1G50Vp did not bind the transition state mimetic GDP/AlF4− as efficiently as the WT Gpa1p. These biochemical results can explain many of the known gpa1G50V yeast cell phenotypes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Rule of Law without the Rule of Lawyers? Why Investment Arbitrators are from Mars, Trade Adjudicators are from Venus

At the 20th anniversary of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the WTO’s dispute settlement system is celebrated as one of the organization’s biggest achievements. Compare this to investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), under heavy fire in both capital-importing and -exporting countries. How is it that today’s perception of two parallel processes of legalization of world politics, on two closely related subject matters of global economic affairs – cross-border trade and cross-border investment -- differs so much? The aim of this article is not to provide a comprehensive answer to this question. Instead, it focuses on only part of a possible explanation: The pool of individuals deciding WTO versus ICSID disputes. Based on new data, the article identifies striking differences between WTO panelists and ICSID arbitrators in terms of nationality, professional background, legal expertise, diversity, status and ideology. It then offers a number of factors that explain these differences centered on appointment rules and conditions and the broader institutional context of the WTO versus ICSID. The contribution this article makes is, first of all, empirical: based on data, demonstrating the differences between WTO and ICSID adjudicators. A second goal is explanatory: to highlight factors that rationally explain these differences. Thirdly, and finally, the article has a normative thesis: rule of law or legalization at the public international law level requires “voice” and political participation; in terms of adjudicators, representativeness, inclusiveness and trust tend to be more important than individual expertise and experience (the rule of law without necessarily the rule of lawyers). Prescriptively, this thesis expects relative continuity in the pool and attributes of WTO adjudicators; it foresees change in who will decide ISDS cases in the future.
Good and Bad Humors: Biochemical Bases of Personality and Its Disorders

Personality and its disorders may be studied at many levels, from the broad trait to the basic genetic level This article addresses primarily two of these levels, the trait and the biochemical, and the relations between them, with some treatment of the genetic and neuropsychological levels Five current trait models are described Neurotransmitter systems in the brain and hormones have been shown to be important sources of individual differences in traits and behaviors in humans and other species, but simple one-to-one relationships between traits and biochemicals are rare, and interactions are likely at all levels
The emotional labour process: An essay on the economy of feelings

This article evaluates conceptual resources for exploring the economy of feelings. It reviews existing contributions, discovering tensions surrounding the material status of emotional displays and normative commitments at work, as well as significant gaps within the conceptual resources used to classify the emotions we experience and evoke while working. In an effort to develop more robust categories for this broad area, labour process theory is combined with other conceptual tools to reframe and refresh debates. Specifically, the concept emotional misbehaviour is posited as a useful addition to the debate concerning the material status of emotion at work and various novel conceptual resources are explored from a labour process perspective. In particular, emotional intelligence, techno-normative control, symbolic violence and cultural capital are introduced to the debate and considered for their potential usefulness in filling the conceptual gaps identified.
Contrast and Information Structure: A Focus-Based Analysis of but

Abstract This article presents a novel analysis of the contrastive connector but based on the observation that (i) the contrast induced by but relates to the information structure of the conjuncts, and (ii) the use of but requires a denial with respect to an implicit question. It is shown that but combines additivity, as in and/also, and exclusion, as in only. This analysis provides a uniform basis to explain the apparently different uses of but, including semantic opposition, denial-of-expectation, and topic change. Moreover, it sheds new light on the concessive use of but.
Improving PCFG Chinese Parsing with Context-Dependent Probability Re-estimation

Selecting the best structure from several ambiguous structures produced by a syntactic parser is a challenging issue. The quality of the solution depends on the precision of the structure evaluation methods. In this paper, we propose a general model (context-dependent probability re-estimation model, CDM) to enhance the structure probabilities estimation. Compared with using rule probabilities only, the CDM has the advantage of an effective, flexible, and broader range of contexturefeature selection. We conduct experiments on the CDM parsing model by using Sinica Chinese Treebank. The results show that our proposed model significantly outperforms the baseline parser and the open source Berkeley statistical parser. More importantly, we demonstrate that the basic framework of the parsing model does not need to be changed, and the proposed re-estimation functions will adjust the probability estimation for every particular structure, and obtaining the better parsing results.