Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Provider and Community Interventions to Improve Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Nigeria: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

The World Health Organization recommends that malaria be confirmed by parasitological diagnosis before treatment using Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT). Despite this, many health workers in malaria endemic countries continue to diagnose malaria based on symptoms alone. This study evaluates interventions to help bridge this gap between guidelines and provider practice. A stratified cluster-randomized trial in 42 communities in Enugu state compared 3 scenarios: Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) with basic instruction (control); RDTs with provider training (provider arm); and RDTs with provider training plus a school-based community intervention (provider-school arm). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients treated according to guidelines, a composite indicator requiring patients to be tested for malaria and given treatment consistent with the test result. The primary outcome was evaluated among 4946 (93%) of the 5311 patients invited to participate. A total of 40 communities (12 in control, 14 per intervention arm) were included in the analysis. There was no evidence of differences between the three arms in terms of our composite indicator (p = 0.36): stratified risk difference was 14% (95% CI -8.3%, 35.8%; p = 0.26) in the provider arm and 1% (95% CI -21.1%, 22.9%; p = 0.19) in the provider-school arm, compared with control. The level of testing was low across all arms (34% in control; 48% provider arm; 37% provider-school arm; p = 0.47). Presumptive treatment of uncomplicated malaria remains an ingrained behaviour that is difficult to change. With or without extensive supporting interventions, levels of testing in this study remained critically low. Governments and researchers must continue to explore alternative ways of encouraging providers to deliver appropriate treatment and avoid the misuse of valuable medicines. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01350752
A 220dB FOM, 1.9GHz oscillator using a phase noise reduction technique for high-Q oscillators

We present a technique to reduce the close-in phase noise of high-Q (FBAR/MEMS/crystal) oscillators. The proposed technique suppresses the up-conversion of 1/f noise via AM-PM conversion by the addition of a non-linear capacitor to the tank. The proposed AM-PM suppression technique has no additional power penalty and incurs a minimal area penalty. Measurements from multiple dies of a 1.9GHZ FBAR oscillator show ≥3.5dB reduction in close-in phase noise using the proposed technique. The FBAR oscillator achieves a measured phase noise of -88dBc/Hz @ 1kHz, -116dBc/Hz @ 10kHz, -146dBc/Hz @ 1MHz offsets. The oscillator with the proposed technique achieves a Figure of Merit (FOM) of 220dB, which is 5.5dB better than the FBAR oscillator with lowest close-in phase noise reported to date [1].
Förster resonant energy transfer in quantum dot structures

Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) has been investigated in two different quantum dot (QD) structures. Colloidal CdTe QDs of two different sizes act as energy donors and acceptors. They have been deposited in a mixed monolayer and a separate donor/acceptor layer structure. The optical properties of these structures have been analysed by steady-state absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, as well as time-resolved PL measurements. To characterize FRET in the mixed QD monolayer, a theory of FRET in two dimensions, taking into account exclusion zones around the donors, has been applied. This theory allows for the extraction of all important FRET parameters from time-resolved donor PL measurements only and also explains the acceptor concentration dependence of the FRET efficiency in the mixed QD layer. In a separate donor/acceptor layer structure the characteristic distance dependence of the FRET process has been demonstrated and the increase of the FRET efficiency with increasing acceptor concentration has been observed.
Using Artistic Markers and Speaker Identification for Narrative-Theme Navigation of Seinfeld Episodes

This article describes a system to navigate Seinfeld episodes based on acoustic event detection and speaker identification of the audio track and subsequent inference of narrative themes based on genre-specific production rules. The system distinguishes laughter, music, and other noise as well as speech segments. Speech segments are then identified against pre-trained speaker models. Given this segmentation and the artistic production rules that underlie the ``situation comedy'' genre and Seinfeld in particular, the system enables a user to browse an episode by scene, punchline, and dialog segments. The themes can be filtered by the main actors, e.g. the user can choose to see only punchlines by Jerry and Kramer. Based on the length of the laughter, the top-5 punchlines are identified and presented to the user. The segmentation is then presented in an Applet-based graphical video browser that is intended to extend a typical YouTube videoplayer.
Fair trade consumers in Portugal: values and lifestyles

This article results from an empirical research on FT in Portugal. The study combined qualitative and quantitative methods. Thus, biographical interviews and a survey were used to collect data about FT consumption practices as well as the profile of Portuguese FT consumers. Sociological portraits allowed for analysing the interviews. In this article one aims to presenting and discussing qualitative findings from this research. The main contribution of this article is to provide information about FT consumers' lifestyles. In order to achieve this goal, one presents nine sociological portraits. This article aims to clarify to what extend consumption practices of these FT consumers pursue, or not, buycotting strategies as a collective action aiming at promoting social change, or if buying FT goods is just a traditional action, without any ideological background.
How career orientation shapes the job satisfaction–turnover intention link

Summary This study examined the impact of career orientation on the static and dynamic relationships between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Longitudinal data of 255 employees were collected at three waves of measurement 1 year apart. Results for career orientations as a moderator differed between the static and dynamic job satisfaction–turnover links. The static relationship was found to be similar and less negative for employees with independent and loyalty-focused career orientations than for promotion-focused and disengaged employees. Regarding the dynamic relationship between job satisfaction change and turnover intention change, however, independent and loyalty-focused employees differed: An increase (decline) in job satisfaction was more strongly related to a decline (increase) in turnover intention for independent employees than for loyalty-focused employees. These findings provide new insights into the differential dynamics involved in assessing work situations and responding to them based on different career aspirations and interests. Consequences for research and practice regarding more effective human resource management are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combinatorics of topmost discs of multi-peg Tower of Hanoi problem

Combinatorial properties of the multi-peg Tower of Hanoi problem on n discs and p pegs are studied. Top-maps are introduced as maps which reflect topmost discs of regular states. We study these maps from several points of view. We also count the number of edges in graphs of the multi-peg Tower of Hanoi problem and in this way obtain some combinatorial identities.
The Development of Children's Memory

The development of memory has been studied for more than a century and is one of the most active areas of research in cognitive development. In this article, we first describe historical developments in research on children's memory, focusing on systematic studies that began in the late 1960s. We then describe three important new lines of inquiry: short- and long-term memory development in infancy, the development of autobiographical memory, and longitudinal research on memory strategies and metamemory. We end by contrasting research on memory development with that on the development of memory, and identifying an emerging interest in biological and social factors that affect developmental change.
The use of transient elastometry for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection.

BACKGROUND Transient elastometry (TE) is accurate for detecting significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-monoinfected patients. However, this procedure has been insufficiently validated in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV coinfection. The purpose of this study was to validate reported cutoff values of TE that discriminate significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in HIV-HCV-coinfected subjects. METHODS Liver stiffness measurements were obtained for 169 HIV-HCV-coinfected adult patients who had undergone a liver biopsy or who had received a nonhistologic diagnosis of cirrhosis within 12 months before or after a liver stiffness measurement. Patients had received no prior therapy for HCV infection. RESULTS TE measurements ranged from 3.6 kPa to 75 kPa. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.93) for significant liver fibrosis and 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.92-0.99) for cirrhosis. To diagnose significant liver fibrosis, a cutoff value of 7.2 kPa was associated with a positive predictive value of 88% and a negative predictive value of 75%. Thirty-four patients (20%) were misclassified when this cutoff value was used. Thirteen (24%) of 54 patients with liver stiffness values <7.2 kPa had significant liver fibrosis detected by liver biopsy. To diagnose cirrhosis, a cutoff value of 14.6 kPa was associated with a positive predictive value of 86% and a negative predictive value of 94%. Thus, 13 patients (10%) had disease that was misclassified using this cutoff value. CONCLUSIONS We found that the diagnostic accuracy of TE was high for detecting cirrhosis and good for diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis. However, the performance of TE was low for discriminating mild fibrosis from significant liver fibrosis, which might limit the applicability of this technique in clinical practice.
Towards a semantic extraction of named entities

In this paper, we discuss the new challenges posed by the progression from information extraction to content extraction, as demonstrated by the ACE program. We explore whether traditional IE approaches are sufficient, and describe the adaptation of a generic IE system to this kind of application. Results suggest that a deeper level of processing is necessary to achieve excellent results in all areas, although rule-based systems can still produce results of a reasonable quality with a small amount of adaptation. In particular, the task of entity detection and tracking on texts of varying genre and quality is one of the most challenging.
Frequency of bacteria causing urinary tract infections and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among pediatric patients in Western Iran from 2007-2009.

Urinary Tract infections ( UTIs) are among the most common infections in infants and neonates. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the frequency of bacteria causing UTI and their relevant drug resistance patterns among infants and neonates hospitalized in Ilam province, Western Iran during 2007-2009. A total of 220 cases of UTI were enrolled in this cross-sectional retrospective study. A standard checklist was used for demographic and clinical data to be collected from their health records. Data was then analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. More than two-thirds (64.8%) of the cases were female. E. coli (44.5%), Klebsiella spp. , (18.6%), Enterobacter spp. , (15%) and Staphylococcus spp. (12.7%) were the most common microorganisms isolated from UTIs, respectively. High rates of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid were observed among these isolates. Similar to other studies, E. coli was the most common bacteria causing UTI and showed a high rate of resistance against most of the antimicrobial agents. Determining the antimicrobial sensitivity can be helpful for physicians in choosing an appropriate treatment for patients suffering from UTI, and also to reduce the complications related to serious UTI.
Using visual ethnography to explore a principal's perceptions of innovations made in a South African primary school

Abstract This study investigates a South African principal's view of implementing invitational education (IE) as an example of a professional development programme (PD) within a particular school setting. Two types of literature inform this study: leadership supportive of school development and the invitational education approach to teaching and learning. The study uses qualitative reflexive photography to explore the following research question: How does the principal perceive the way in which intentionally inviting changes were made in the school under his leadership? The data analysis revealed the following categories: people: focussing on care; places: changing the physical setting; policies: regulating the functions of the school; programmes: developing people through helpful initiatives; and process, that is, organising the context in which schooling takes place. The findings support the fact that the process of IE needs to organise all the other factors in a way that is both democratic and humane. IE requires a commitment to certain goals if changes are to be implemented successfully; this, in turn, implies that a school should develop a culture of collective learning and that learners should be encouraged to care about one another in the school.
Long Time to Diagnosis of Medulloblastoma in Children Is Not Associated with Decreased Survival or with Worse Neurological Outcome

Background The long time to diagnosis of medulloblastoma, one of the most frequent brain tumors in children, is the source of painful remorse and sometimes lawsuits. We analyzed its consequences for tumor stage, survival, and sequelae. Patients and Methods This retrospective population-based cohort study included all cases of pediatric medulloblastoma from a region of France between 1990 and 2005. We collected the demographic, clinical, and tumor data and analyzed the relations between the interval from symptom onset until diagnosis, initial disease stage, survival, and neuropsychological and neurological outcome. Results The median interval from symptom onset until diagnosis for the 166 cases was 65 days (interquartile range 31–121, range 3–457). A long interval (defined as longer than the median) was associated with a lower frequency of metastasis in the univariate and multivariate analyses and with a larger tumor volume, desmoplastic histology, and longer survival in the univariate analysis, but not after adjustment for confounding factors. The time to diagnosis was significantly associated with IQ score among survivors. No significant relation was found between the time to diagnosis and neurological disability. In the 62 patients with metastases, a long prediagnosis interval was associated with a higher T stage, infiltration of the fourth ventricle floor, and incomplete surgical resection; it nonetheless did not influence survival significantly in this subgroup. Conclusions We found complex and often inverse relations between time to diagnosis of medulloblastoma in children and initial severity factors, survival, and neuropsychological and neurological outcome. This interval appears due more to the nature of the tumor and its progression than to parental or medical factors. These conclusions should be taken into account in the information provided to parents and in expert assessments produced for malpractice claims.
Airline Pilots in Recovery From Alcoholism: A Quantitative Study of Cognitive Change

Airline Pilots in Recovery From Alcoholism: A Quantitative Study of Cognitive Change by Heather C Hamilton MS, Walden University, 2011 MS, Walden University, 2009 BS, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, 1990 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Clinical Psychology Walden University June 2015
Successful primary coronary angioplasty improves early and long-term outcomes in ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in patients above 80 years of age.

BACKGROUND ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients above 80 years of age continues to be a therapeutic challenge. Patients in this age group are rarely included in randomised clinical trials. AIM Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of STEMI management in octogenarians in hospitals with a 24-hour percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capability and hospitals without PCI access. METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records of 50 octogenarians who were treated with PCI (group 1) in one center and 50 patients treated noninvasively in the other 3 hospitals (group 2). We evaluated mortality and major adverse cardiac events after 10 days, 30 days and 1 year. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics of the study groups. The duration of coronary pain was similar in both groups: 318 min in group 1 vs 383 min in group 2 (NS). Mortality in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1: 40% vs 14%, respectively, after 10 days (p = 0.0034); 48 vs 18% after 30 days (p = 0.0014); and 54% vs 24% after 1 year (p = 0.0021). Thrombolytic treatment was used in only 40% of the patients in group 2. In group 2, acute heart failure (HF) (Killip class III and IV) was diagnosed more frequently than in group 1 (28% vs 12%, p = 0.034). In patients with Killip class I/II HF, mortality in patients in group 2 and group 1 was 22% vs 9%, at 10 days; 31% vs 14% at 30 days; and 39% vs 20% at 1 year. In patients with Killip class III/IV HF, mortality was 86% vs 50%, at 10 days; 93% vs 50% at 30 days; and 93% vs 50% at 1 year, respectively (all differences NS). In multivariate analysis adjusted for the differences between groups, HF (a negative effect) and a successful PCI (a positive effect) were independent predictors of 1-year survival. CONCLUSIONS Successful primary PCI in STEMI patients above 80 years of age resulted in a reduction of early and long-term mortality compared to the medically treated patients. The benefits of PCI treatment accrued during the follow-up. In patients treated in the tertiary reference centre in whom PCI was not successful or was not deemed feasible, prognosis was similar to that in the medically treated patients. The latter patients rarely received thrombolytic treatment.
ComparaciÓn de pacientes cocainÓmanos y heroinÓmanos en el EuropASI

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las diferencias entre heroinomanos y cocainomanos en las areas que mide el EuropASI. Se pretende, a su vez, elaborar un perfil de usuario para cada uno de los grupos con las caracteristicas psicosociales de estos pacientes. La muestra se compuso de 373 pacientes extraidos de forma aleatoria de entre todas las personas que solicitaron tratamiento por su adiccion a la cocaina o a la heroina durante el ano 2003 en los centros de Proyecto Hombre en Espana. Los resultados muestran que, en general, los usuarios del programa de heroina presentan mayor gravedad en su patron de consumo y padecen mas problemas asociados que los usuarios del programa de cocaina. Esta tendencia se ve reflejada practicamente en todas las areas que mide el EuropASI: estado de salud, educacion y empleo, situacion legal y relaciones sociales/familiares. El estado psiquiatrico es el unico area en el que no se encuentran diferencias entre ambos grupos. Se discuten los resultados y se analizan las implicaciones clinicas de los mismos.
Anti-Oppressive Practice and Social Work Students' Portfolios in Scotland

Anti-oppressive practice is seen by social work educators as a key approach to social work in the UK. However, controversies exist about its use in practice. Recent literature has criticised the complexities and problematics of anti-oppressive practice. An examination is made of the content of portfolios completed by social work students undertaking a final practice learning opportunity on a post-graduate programme in Scotland. The findings indicate that students gave considerable attention to power, empowerment and partnership but there was also an apparent general acceptance of agency policies, procedures and wider structural oppression. Also some aspects of social divisions and forms of oppression such as gender, age, disability and language received considerable attention while others such as ‘race’, class, sexuality and religion received less attention. Limitations of the research are noted. Suggestions for improvement in considering anti-oppressive material include a focus on both micro and macro issues, ranging from the structure for the portfolio and the content of supervision discussions through to agency policies and procedures and the national guidelines provided to social work programmes.
Las actitudes hacia la Matemática-Estadística dentro de un modelo de aprendizaje

La importancia de las actitudes en el aprendizaje de la Matemática-Estadística ha sido reconocida en la literatura a través de diversos trabajosempíricos que las relacionan. No obstante, en las concepciones acerca de las actitudes se la identifica comoparte del dominio afectivo. En este trabajo hacemos una revisión acerca de las concepciones predominantessobre la afectividad y las actitudes en la educación y, presentamos una propuesta que ubica las actitudes dentrode un modelo de aprendizaje de la Matemática-Estadística. Este modelo nos permite brindar una definiciónde las actitudes, que resulta más útil para explicar diversos resultados de la literatura, así como para el trabajoeducativo, al reconocer que esta se organiza en el plano de las representaciones, considerando los dominioscognitivo, afectivo y conativo, y que determina aprendizajes a través de procedimientos productivos, emotivosy volitivos, elaborados a través de información psíquica; y a su vez al reconocer que los aprendizajespueden mediar como información social futura para la estabilidad o no de la actitud.