Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global regulation of a sigma 54-dependent flagellar gene family in Caulobacter crescentus by the transcriptional activator FlbD

Biosynthesis of the Caulobacter crescentus polar flagellum requires the expression of a large number of flagellar (fla) genes that are organized in a regulatory hierarchy of four classes (I to IV). The timing of fla gene expression in the cell cycle is determined by specialized forms of RNA polymerase and the appearance and/or activation of regulatory proteins. Here we report an investigation of the role of the C. crescentus transcriptional regulatory protein FlbD in the activation of sigma 54-dependent class III and class IV fla genes of the hierarchy by reconstituting transcription from these promoters in vitro. Our results demonstrate that transcription from promoters of the class III genes flbG, flgF, and flgI and the class IV gene fliK by Escherichia coli E sigma 54 is activated by FlbD or the mutant protein FlbDS140F (where S140F denotes an S-to-F mutation at position 140), which we show here has a higher potential for transcriptional activation. In vitro studies of the flbG promoter have shown previously that transcriptional activation by the FlbD protein requires ftr (ftr for flagellar transcription regulation) sequence elements. We have now identified multiple ftr sequences that are conserved in both sequence and spatial architecture in all known class III and class IV promoters. These newly identified ftr elements are positioned ca. 100 bp from the transcription start sites of each sigma 54-dependent fla gene promoter, and our studies indicate that they play an important role in controlling the levels of transcription from different class III and class IV promoters. We have also used mutational analysis to show that the ftr sequences are required for full activation by the FlbD protein both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results suggest that FlbD, which is encoded by the class II flbD gene, is a global regulator that activates the cell cycle-regulated transcription from all identified sigma 54-dependent promoters in the C. crescentus fla gene hierarchy.
Social categorization and intergroup behaviour

The aim of the studies was to assess the effefcs of social categorization on intergroup behaviour when, in the intergroup situation, neither calculations of individual interest nor previously existing attitudes of hostility could have been said to have determined discriminative behaviour against an outgroup. These conditions were satisfied in the experimental design. In the first series of experiments, it was found that the subjects favoured their own group in the distribution of real rewards and penalities in a situation in which nothing but the variable of fairly irrelevant classification distinguished between the ingroup and the outgroup. In the second series of experiments it was found that: 1) maximum joint profit independent of group membership did not affect significantly the manner in which the subjects divided real pecuniary rewards; 2) maximum profit for own group did affect the distribution of rewards; 3) the clearest effect on the distribution of rewards was due to the subjects' attempt to achieve a maximum difference between the ingroup and the outgroup even at the price of sacrificing other ‘objective’ advantages. The design and the results of the study are theoretically discussed within the framework of social norms and expectations and particularly in relation to a ‘generic’ norm of outgroup behaviour prevalent in some societies.
Reliability of Measures Assessing the Pancultural Association between Perceived Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Psychological Adjustment

Meta-analytic procedures from 51 studies worldwide were used to assess the reliability of the two self- report measures most commonly employed to test the transcultural association between perceived parental acceptance-rejection and psychological adjustment. These measures are the (a) Child, Adult, and Parent versions of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and (b) Child and Adult versions of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was the primary measure of reliability used. Results of the meta-analysis support the conclusion that the PARQ is a reliable measure for research, clinical, and applied purposes among American ethnic groups and internationally. Meta-analyses also support the conclusion that the PAQ is a reliable measure for use among American ethnic groups. Insufficient evidence is yet available to draw conclusions about its reliability for widespread use in cross-cultural settings.
Emotionality, distinctiveness, and recollective experience

Two experiments investigated the effects of emotional stimuli on recollective experience in recognition memory. In Experiment 1, words judged to evoke a positive emotional response (e.g., warmth, freedom) or a negative emotional response (e.g., mucus, corpse) were associated with more “remember” responses than emotionally neutral words (e.g., crate, border) when presented in mixed lists. This effect was stronger with negative words than with positive words. In Experiment 2 the effects of emotional stimuli were eliminated when participants studied pure lists of either all emotional or all neutral words. These findings are discussed in relation to Rajaram's (1996) distinctiveness account of recollective experience.
Carbon Monoxide Fumigation Improved the Quality, Nutrients, and Antioxidant Activities of Postharvest Peach

Peaches (Prunus persica cv. Yanhong) were fumigated with carbon monoxide (CO) at 0, 0.5, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L for 2 hours. The result showed that low concentration CO (0.5–10 μmol/L) might delay the decrease of firmness and titrable acid content, restrain the increase of decay incidence, and postpone the variation of soluble solids content, but treating peaches with high concentration CO (20 μmol/L) demonstrated adverse effects. Further research exhibited that exogenous CO could induce the phenylalnine ammonialyase activity, maintain nutrient contents such as Vitamin C, total flavonoid, and polyphenol, and enhance antioxidant activity according to reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Treating peaches with appropriate concentration CO was beneficial to the quality, nutrients, and antioxidant activity of postharvest peaches during storage time. Therefore, CO fumigation might probably become a novel method to preserve postharvest peach and other fruits in the future.
Re-examining narrativity: small stories in status updates

Abstract Social networking sites are an increasingly prominent form of computer-mediated communication that provides a venue for individuals to document their life experience through the publication of “status updates. ” The stories reported in updates fall outside the literary, conversational, and electronic narrative canon, but are a rich data source for re-examining key concepts in narrative theory, including factors that give rise to perceptions of narrativity. This article examines the narrative potential of status updates found in the social network site Facebook, based on the analysis of just under 2000 updates posted by British users. The episodic narrativity of the updates is influenced by the online discourse situation where recency is prized over retrospection and updates are distributed within a multidimensional web of connections between Facebook Friends. The narrativity represented in the surface features and genres of the status stories are characterized by the present tense of Breaking News (Georgakopoulou, Small stories, interaction and identity, John Benjamins, 2007) and archived in reverse chronological order. These narrative characteristics are in keeping with stories in other Web genres (blogs, e-mail, discussion forums) and suggest that the parameters associated with prototypical narrativity are by no means abstract or universal, but constrained by the canonical data from which they were originally derived.
Sociedade de consumo

No ultimo mês de março, a sociedade brasileira pôde contemplar perplexa um episódio onde a inversão de valores agregada à alienação cultural e ao consumismo imposto pelo capitalismo selvagem nos dias atuais, levou um jovem a um crime hediondo. Para adquirir um par de tênis, um adolescente de classe média, após ter discutido com a sua mãe, a assassinou com uma machadada na cabeça. Ao ser interrogado pelo delegado responsável pelo caso em questão, afirmou que matou a mãe porque ela não concordou em dar os trezentos e vinte reais necessários para matar o seu compulsivo desejo de comprar o objeto de consumo que lhe levaria ao êxtase do prazer naquele momento.
ESTIMATION OF THE HEATH-JARROW-MORTON MODEL VIA THE KALMAN FILTER : A BOOTSTRAP ANALYSIS

This paper considers the Heath-Jarrow-Morton (HJM) model of the term structure of interest rates for a fairly general specification of forward rate volatility, including stochastic variables. Estimation of this volatility function is at the heart of the identification of the HJM model. Reduction of the model to state space form is discussed and use of the Kalman filter as an estimation technique is proposed. Since typical data sets are small, a bootstrap procedure is used to determine the statistical significance of the estimates. A Monte-Carlo experiment is used to compare the bootstrap and true smallsample distributions of the estimates of the parameters of the volatility function.
Psychopathy in Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities: A Comparison of the PCL-R and PCL:SV

Psychopathy is one of the strongest predictors of future offending and is often included as an important item in structured risk assessment tools. Recent research recognizes the importance of psychopathy in offenders with intellectual disabilities (OIDs). This study presents data on the clinical utility of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R) and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) among OIDs. The psychometric properties of both instruments were similar, although the PCL:SV might have some minor advantages. First because of the absence of the PCL–R item marital relationships, which appeared difficult to score. Second, the PCL:SV is less time-consuming than its extended counterpart. Future research confirming these results with larger cohorts is recommended.
Effects of message repetition and position on cognitive response, recall, and persuasion.

Although the mere exposure effect has been researched widely, surprisingly little is known about the attitudinal and cognitive effects of message repetition. It was hypothesized that the sequence of topic-relevan t thoughts generated in response to a (repeated) persuasive message would parallel attitude change. To test this prediction, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, individuals heard a communication either zero (control), one, three, or five times in succession, rated their agreement with the advocated position, and listed the message arguments they could recall. In Experiment 2, individuals heard a communication either one, three, or five times, rated their agreement, listed their thoughts, and listed the message arguments they could recall. In both experiments, agreement first increased, then decreased as exposure frequency increased (regardless of the position advocated), but agreement was unrelated to the recall of the message arguments. In Experiment 2, analyses of the listed thoughts revealed that counterargumentation decreased, then increased, whereas topic-irrelevant thinking increased as exposure frequency increased; as expected, only topic-relevant thoughts were related to agreement. These results are interpreted in terms of an attitude-modification model in which repetition and content of a persuasive advocacy affect the type and number of thoughts generated; these thoughts, in turn, affect the attitudinal reaction to the advocacy. In this article, we will consider the atti- using children as well as adults (Heingartner tudinal effects of repeated exposure to per- & Hall, 1974), employing between-subjects suasive communications, an area that has (Moreland & Zajonc, 1976) as well as withingenerated surprisingly little research by social subjects (Crandall, 1972) designs, in field psychologists despite its frequent occurrence (Zajonc & Rajecki, 1969) as well as laborain and importance to everyday life. This area tory (Matlin, 1970) settings, employing picis not well understood (cf. Harrison, 1977), torial magazine advertisements (McCullough in part because most research has focused on & Ostrom, 1974) as well as nonsense syllables
Correlation between elevated levels of amyloid beta-peptide in the brain and cognitive decline.

CONTEXT Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of abnormal tau protein. Considerable controversy exists as to whether the extent of accumulation of Abeta correlates with dementia and whether Abeta alterations precede or follow changes in tau. OBJECTIVES To determine whether accumulation of Abeta correlates with the earliest signs of cognitive deterioration and to define the relationship between Abeta accumulation and early tau changes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Postmortem cross-sectional study of 79 nursing home residents with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale scores of 0.0 to 5.0 who died between 1986 and 1997, comparing the levels of Abeta variants in the cortices of the subjects with no (CDR score, 0.0 [n = 16]), questionable (CDR score, 0.5 [n = 11]), mild (CDR score, 1.0 [n = 22]), moderate (CDR score, 2.0 [n = 15]), or severe (CDR score, 4.0 or 5.0 [n = 15]) dementia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Levels of total Abeta peptides with intact or truncated amino termini and ending in either amino acid 40 (A(beta)x-40) or 42 (A(beta)x-42) in 5 neocortical brain regions as well as levels of tau protein undergoing early conformational changes in frontal cortex, as a function of CDR score. RESULTS The levels of both A(beta)x-40 and A(beta)x-42 were elevated even in cases classified as having questionable dementia (CDR score = 0.5), and increases of both peptides correlated with progression of dementia. Levels of the more fibril-prone A(beta)x-42 peptide were higher than those of A(beta)x-40 in nondemented cases and remained higher throughout progression of disease in all regions examined. Finally, increases in A(beta)x-40 and A(beta)x-42 precede significant tau pathology at least in the frontal cortex, an area chosen for examination because of the absence of neuritic changes in the absence of disease. CONCLUSIONS In this study, levels of total A(beta)x-40 and A(beta)x-42 were elevated early in dementia and levels of both peptides were strongly correlated with cognitive decline. Of particular interest, in the frontal cortex, Abeta was elevated before the occurrence of significant tau pathology. These results support an important role for Abeta in mediating initial pathogenic events in AD dementia and suggest that treatment strategies targeting the formation, accumulation, or cytotoxic effects of Abeta should be pursued.
Aging exacerbates hypertension-induced cerebral microhemorrhages in mice: role of resveratrol treatment in vasoprotection

Recent studies demonstrate that aging exacerbates hypertension‐induced cognitive decline, but the specific age‐related mechanisms remain elusive. Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are associated with rupture of small intracerebral vessels and are thought to progressively impair neuronal function. To determine whether aging exacerbates hypertension‐induced CMHs young (3 months) and aged (24 months) mice were treated with angiotensin II plus L‐NAME. We found that the same level of hypertension leads to significantly earlier onset and increased incidence of CMHs in aged mice than in young mice, as shown by neurological examination, gait analysis, and histological assessment of CMHs in serial brain sections. Hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular oxidative stress and redox‐sensitive activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were increased in aging. Treatment of aged mice with resveratrol significantly attenuated hypertension‐induced oxidative stress, inhibited vascular MMP activation, significantly delayed the onset, and reduced the incidence of CMHs. Collectively, aging promotes CMHs in mice likely by exacerbating hypertension‐induced oxidative stress and MMP activation. Therapeutic strategies that reduce microvascular oxidative stress and MMP activation may be useful for the prevention of CMHs, protecting neurocognitive function in high‐risk elderly patients.
Psychodynamic Factors in Racial Relations

The racial question represents a dilemma for both white men and Negroes. For each group many conflictful conscious and unconscious feelings war with each other. Between the two groups there is a complex psychological relationship, in which many of the constituent elements are unconscious. The universal conflict of all human beings is between passive dependent longings (that is, a wish for security, the need to be loved) and aggressive, narcissistic desires, but into this fundamental conflict there enter many subsidiary motives. The methods by which any individual or group attempts to reach a satisfactory compromise solution for the two drives
El silbo gomero. Tradición viva de la cultura canaria y Patrimonio de la Humanidad

The Silbo Gomero is a substitute, a contracted form, spontaneous and a non-conventional language. It is able to transmit and to interchange a limitless range of messages over long distances by means of whistles, being reproduced by the sonorous characteristics of a spoken language. At the present time this primary language is the Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands. Government of Canary has re- cently implemented a large number of activities which started with the intention to show the Silbo Gomero as an artistic source and to encourage scientific research on this whistled language. One of the most significant measures taken by General Direction for Cooperation and Cultural Patrimony has to do with a proposal to UNESCO in order to consider the Silbo Gomero as a Master Piece of the Oral and Intangible World Heritage.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with washing symptoms show a specific brain network when confronted with aggressive, sexual, and disgusting stimuli

Psychoanalytic theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest that underlying conflicts about aggression or sexuality drive a variety of obsessive-compulsive behaviors. This study aimed to explore the possible neural correlates of these processes in OCD patients in response to emotion-evoking stimulus material. A total of 15 unmedicated OCD patients primarily with washing symptoms and 15 healthy control participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis while confronted with neutral pictures and emotion-evoking pictures (aggression, disgust, water, sexuality). The choice of the stimuli explicitly took into account the psychoanalytical model of OCD. While viewing aggressive pictures compared to neutral stimuli, OCD patients demonstrated greater activation than controls in the right frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, insula, claustrum, and in parietal areas of the left hemisphere. In the disgust condition OCD patients demonstrated greater activation than controls in right frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and in left inferior parietal lobule. These results furnish evidence that OCD patients with washing symptoms show a different pattern of processing of aggressive and disgusting stimuli at the brain level. The implicated networks involved suggest that OCD patients have a more self-referential response than in healthy controls. Focusing on the processing of specific negative emotions may help in the enhancement of psychotherapy for OCD.
Different and unequal: the educational segregation of Roma pupils in Europe

This article analyses and welcomes the decision of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights which held that the use of special schools for Roma pupils was contrary to the right to an education coupled with the prohibition on discrimination. The decision has wide ramifications for the education of minority, particularly Roma, pupils who are often sent to remedial schools or special classes as an alternative to mainstream, integrated education. It is argued that such segregation, whilst it may arise from a legitimate intention to address educational disadvantage, cannot achieve such a goal in a climate of separation and intolerance which permeates the wider society. The Grand Chamber’s willingness to scrutinise the wider societal context and to allow statistical evidence to suggest a prime facie case of indirect discrimination, will be welcomed by those seeking a more pro‐active non‐discrimination platform from the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).
Differential contributions of dorsolateral and frontopolar cortices to working memory processes in the primate

The ability to maintain and manipulate information across temporal delays is a fundamental requirement to bridge the gap between perception and action. In the case of higher-order behavior, the maintenance of rules and strategies is particularly helpful in bridging this gap. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has long been considered critical for such processes, and research has focused on different subdivisions of PFC to gain an insight into their diverse contributions to these mechanisms. Substantial evidence indicates that dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) is an important structure for maintaining information across delays, with cells actively firing across delays and lesions to this region causing deficits in tasks involving delayed responses and maintenance of rules online. Frontopolar cortex (FP), on the other hand, appears to show the opposite pattern of results, with cells not firing across delays and lesions to this region not affecting the same rule-based, delayed response tasks that are impaired following dlPFC lesions. The body of evidence therefore suggests that dlPFC and FP’s contributions to working memory differ. In this article, we will provide a perspective on how these regions might implement distinct but complementary and interactive functions that contribute to more general temporally-extended processes and support flexible, dynamic behavior.
European guideline for the management of scabies

Transmission of the mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) occurs by protracted direct body contact; although in crusted scabies (Norwegian scabies), transmission also occurs via infected clothing or bedding. Mites are capable of burrowing into the stratum corneum of a contact person within one hour. Hypersensitivity to proteases in mite faecal matter generates both local and distant hypersensitivity reactions.