Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Satisfaction , Commitment & Performance on Faculty Staffs ’ Performance at Private Institutions in Uttarpradesh ( India )

The role of faculty staffs is very important to producing scholars and economy building in any country. The faculty staff’s satisfaction, commitment and performance are the pillars to investigate in education sector of India, especially in private sector universities. This study is performed in India to examine the association of satisfaction with commitment and performance, and commitment association with performance. The tools had taken from the studies of Rice & Schneider (1994) and Smeenk et al. (2008). The colleges in private sector of NCR (India) were taken as target sample to conduct the survey. This research confirmed that satisfaction is absolutely associated with commitment and performance, and commitment also associated with performance of faculty staffs of private sector colleges in India.
Intraspecific Prey Choice by Amazonian Hunters [and Comments and Reply]

L'A. teste l'idee selon laquelle les chasseurs emploient un choix de proie pour augmenter la duree de la presence des produits de leur chasse. Ce qui est considere comme de la conservation par les indigenes est surement un epiphenomene. Les donnees sur le choix de proie intraspecifique chez les Piro du Perou montrent qu'ils n'ont pas choisi de maniere selective les types selon le sexe et l'âge qui minimisent l'impact sur les proies. Leurs decisions sont predites par la theorie optimale des chasseurs-cueilleurs. Les modeles evolutionnistes n'excluent pas la conservation comme strategie pour l'acquisition de ressources et la recherche productive devrait passer d'une extension de la logique et d'une methodologie rigoureuse de l'ecologie evolutionniste a l'identification de la veritable conservation et aux contextes dans lesquels elle est une strategie d'adaptation
Toll-Like Receptor Activation in Immunity vs. Tolerance in Autoimmune Diabetes

Toll-like receptors: Key receptors of the innate immune system The human body constantly encounters a diverse spectrum of pathogens. To defend itself, a complex immune system has evolved consisting of two subdivisions: the innate and the adaptive immune systems. The innate immune system constitutes the so-called “first line of defense” and acts through highly conserved germ-line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (1). These receptors bind to common pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are vital for the survival of the microorganisms and cannot be altered by mutations. Pattern recognition receptors were first discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The PRRs in Drosophila, named Toll, play an important role in the recognition of microorganisms such as fungi as well as coordinating embryonic development of the dorso-ventral axis. Homologs of Toll in vertebrates are called Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The first TLR in humans was described in 1997 (2). To date, another 9 TLRs have been identified in humans and 13 in mice. Among these, only murine TLR10 is non-functional due to retrovirus insertion (3). Except for TLRs 3, 7, 8, and 9, which are expressed intracellularly, TLRs are located on the surface of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as on non-immune cells such as muscle cells, epithelial cells, adipocytes, and pancreatic beta cells (1). Cell-surface TLRs detect exogenous lipids, lipoproteins, and proteins from microbes; intracellular TLRs recognize bacterial and viral nucleic acids (3). Recognition of their cognate ligand triggers a complex signaling cascade that ultimately results in the induction of various pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and the activation of the adaptive immune system. However, the activation of TLRs and the subsequent induction of inflammatory immune responses are not always beneficial to the host. TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and non-infective inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, arteriosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, allergy, and cancer (4, 5). Their activation can either attenuate or boost the course of disease by inducing tolerance or triggering autoreactivity, respectively. The role of the TLRs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune-mediated diabetes, also referred to as type 1 diabetes (T1D), has been extensively studied (Table ​(Table1). 1). T1D is a T-cell-mediated metabolic disorder with progressive destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells (6). During the course of disease development, diabetogenic T-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells will infiltrate the pancreatic islets and cause islet inflammation and eventually β cell loss. Table 1 TLR-related studies in the field of T1D. This opinion letter focuses on the beneficial and detrimental aspects of TLR induction in the course of T1D development.
Diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is increasingly being used in the staging algorithm for pancreatic carcinoma. This allows for a tissue diagnosis, which was previously difficult to obtain. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of EUS–FNA in establishing the diagnosis of solid pancreatic mass lesions in an Australian population.
Roughness effect on Neumann boundary condition

We study the effect of a periodic roughness on a Neumann boundary condition. We show that, as in the case of a Dirichlet boundary condition, it is possible to approach this condition by a more complex law on a domain without rugosity, called wall law. This approach is however different from that usually used in Dirichlet case. In particular, we show that this wall law can be explicitly written using an energy developed in the roughness boundary layer. The first part deals with the case of a Laplace operator in a simple domain but many more general results are next given: when the domain or the operator are more complex, or with Robin-Fourier boundary conditions. Some numerical illustrations are used to obtain magnitudes for the coefficients appearing in the new wall laws. Finally, these wall laws can be interpreted using a fictive boundary without rugosity. That allows to give an application to the water waves equation.
Income Dispersion, Asymmetric Information and Fluctuations in Market Efficiency

Recessions appear to be times when markets function less efficiently. This phenomenon has been the domain of theories that rely on changes in preferences (demand shocks) or constraints on price-setting (sticky prices). In our simple model of decentralized trade with asymmetric information, income dispersion measures uncertainty about buyer characteristics. Counter-cyclical income dispersion makes the asymmetric information friction stronger in recessions: optimal prices rise and trade volume falls. Unlike preference changes or price-setting constraints, income dispersion is observable. Using income dispersion estimates to quantify the model's effect, we find that model prices, sales and markups have properties similar to business cycle data.
Abdominal adiposity is not a mediator of the protective effect of Mediterranean diet on colorectal cancer

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has a preventive effect on colorectal cancer (CRC). Several biological mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this effect, but the involvement of clinical mediators has not been experimentally proven. We examined the role of abdominal adiposity (i.e., waist‐to‐hip ratio, WHR) as a potential mediator of the relationship between the MD and CRC in the Italian centres of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. We evaluated the effect of the Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI) on WHR and of WHR on CRC risk. We then estimated the natural indirect effect (NIE, mediated by WHR) and the pure direct effect (PDE, unmediated) of IMI on CRC risk using mediation analyses, considering age, sex, education, physical activity, smoking and EPIC centre as confounders. Increased IMI was associated with significantly decreased odds of high WHR (odds ratio [OR] for an IMI of 6–11 vs. 0–1: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.97). There was a positive relationship between WHR and CRC (hazard ratio [HR] for high vs. low WHR: 1.34, 95%CI: 1.09–1.66). The total effect of IMI was protective on CRC risk and was mainly explained by the PDE (HR for an IMI of 6–11 vs. 0–1: 0.51, 95%CI: 0.31–0.83), whereas the NIE was 1.00 (95%CI: 0.94–1.10). In this Mediterranean cohort, the protective effect of the MD on the development of CRC was not mediated by abdominal adiposity. Since this is the first study to investigate the mediating effect of abdominal obesity, other studies are needed to replicate this result.
Hwangryun-Haedok-Tang Fermented with Lactobacillus casei Suppresses Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss

Hwangryun-haedok-tang (HRT) is the common recipe in traditional Asian medicine, and microbial fermentation is used for the conventional methods for processing traditional medicine. We investigated the inhibitory effect of the n-butanol fraction of HRT (HRT-BU) and fHRT (fHRT-BU) on the RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes were evaluated by real-time QPCR. The activation of signaling pathways was determined by western blot analysis. The marker compounds of HRT-BU and fHRT-BU were analyzed by HPLC. The inhibitory effect of HRT or fHRT on ovariectomy-induced bone loss were evaluated using OVX rats with orally administered HRT, fHRT (300, 1000 mg/kg), or its vehicle for 12 weeks. fHRT-BU significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, and phosphorylation of p38, IKKα/β, and NF-κBp65 compared to HRT-BU. In addition, fHRT-BU also significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of Nfκb2, TNF-α, NFATc1, TRAP, ATPv0d2, and cathepsin K. Furthermore, administration of fHRT had a greater effect on the increase of BMD, and greater improved bone microstructure of the femora than that of HRT in ovariectomy rats. This study demonstrated that bacterial fermentation enhances the inhibitory effect of HRT on osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. These results suggest that fermented HRT might have the beneficial effects on bone disease by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
On relations between ethnology and psychology in historical context

Ever since records began, accounts of other peoples and their institutions and customs have included comments about their mental characteristics. The present article traces this feature from the 18th century to roughly the First World War, with a brief sketch of more recent developments. For most of this period two contrasting positions prevailed: the dominant one attributed human differences to ‘race’, while the other one explained them in terms of psychological, environmental and historical factors. The present account focuses on the latter, among them those who asserted ‘the psychic unity of mankind’. Generally it is shown that from the early period when writings were based almost entirely on secondary sources, to the beginnings of empirical studies, ethnological theories were indissolubly linked to psychological concerns.
Wide spectrum attribution: Using deception for attribution intelligence in cyber attacks

Modern cyber attacks have evolved considerably. The skill level required to conduct a cyber attack is low. Computing power is cheap, targets are diverse and plentiful. Point-and-click crimeware kits are widely circulated in the underground economy, while source code for sophisticated malware such as Stuxnet is available for all to download and repurpose. Despite decades of research into defensive techniques, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, anti-virus, code auditing, etc, the quantity of successful cyber attacks continues to increase, as does the number of vulnerabilities identified. Measures to identify perpetrators, known as attribution, have existed for as long as there have been cyber attacks. The most actively researched technical attribution techniques involve the marking and logging of network packets. These techniques are performed by network devices along the packet journey, which most often requires modification of existing router hardware and/or software, or the inclusion of additional devices. These modifications require wide-scale infrastructure changes that are not only complex and costly, but invoke legal, ethical and governance issues. The usefulness of these techniques is also often questioned, as attack actors use multiple stepping stones, often innocent systems that have been compromised, to mask the true source. As such, this thesis identifies that no publicly known previous work has been deployed on a wide-scale basis in the Internet infrastructure. This research investigates the use of an often overlooked tool for attribution: cyber deception. The main contribution of this work is a significant advancement in the field of deception and honeypots as technical attribution techniques. Specifically, the design and implementation of two novel honeypot approaches; i) Deception Inside Credential Engine (DICE), that uses policy and honeytokens to identify adversaries returning from different origins and ii) Adaptive Honeynet Framework (AHFW), an introspection and adaptive honeynet framework that uses actor-dependent triggers to modify the honeynet environment, to engage the adversary, increasing the quantity and diversity of interactions. The two approaches are based on a systematic review of the technical attribution literature that was used to derive a set of requirements for honeypots as technical attribution techniques. Both approaches lead the way for further research in this field.
Vertical palatal bone dimensions on lateral cephalometry and cone-beam computed tomography: implications for palatal implant placement.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the necessity of three-dimensional imaging (computed tomography [CT]/cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT]) for paramedian insertion of palatal implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lateral radiographs and CBCT scans were performed from 18 human skulls. For lateral cephalometry, the nasal floor (right/left) and the oral hard palate of all skulls were lined with a tin foil for contrast enhancement. The quantity of vertical bone as measured on lateral radiographs was compared with CBCT measurements obtained in median and parasagittal planes and at minimum bone height. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were determined for bivariate correlation analysis. RESULTS The median palatal bone height on CBCT (mean 8.98 mm; standard deviation [SD] 3.4) was markedly higher than the vertical height seen on lateral radiographs (mean 6.6 mm; SD 3.2). Comparing lateral cephalometry with CBCT, the strongest association was observed at the minimum palatal bone height (r=0.926; P<0.001; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient). CONCLUSIONS Lateral radiographs allow accurate and adequate assessment of vertical bone before paramedian insertion of palatal implants. The vertical bone dimension as displayed on lateral cephalometry reflects the minimum bone height rather than maximum bone in the median plane. Therefore, a preoperative CT or CBCT is only indicated when the lateral cephalometry reveals a marginal quantity of bone.
Transfusion in the intensive care unit

Objective:To summarize the incidences of anemia and blood transfusions in critically ill patients, assess their comparative risks and benefits, and briefly speculate on the possible effects of leukoreduction and blood storage on the need to reevaluate transfusion triggers. Design:A review of the current literature was performed. Results:Anemia is common in intensive care unit patients and is associated with increased mortality. Some 20–53% of intensive care unit patients will receive a blood transfusion during their stay, and these have also been associated with worse outcomes. Leukoreduction may limit some of the infectious and immunomodulatory risks associated with blood transfusion. Conclusions:Data on the risks and benefits of blood transfusion are conflicting, and with recent changes in blood transfusion practice, including the widespread introduction of leukoreduction, it is time to reevaluate our transfusion triggers.
Impact of body mass index on the prognosis of Korean women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus: A cohort study

Objective To analyze how pretreatment body mass index relates to known endometrial cancer prognostic factors and how it impacts the disease-free survival and cause-specific survival of Korean women with endometrial cancer. Methods The patients were divided into the non-obese (<25 kg/m2) and obese groups (≥25 kg/m2) according to their pretreatment body mass index. The 25 kg/m2 body mass index cut-off was based on the World Health Organization criteria for Asian people. The two groups were compared in terms of their clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. Results A total of 213 consecutive patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus met the eligibility criteria of this study and were included in the analysis. Of these patients, 105 patients had a body mass index less than 25 kg/m2 (non-obese group) and 108 patients had a body mass index equal to or more than 25 kg/m2 (obese group). The two groups did not differ in terms of age, menopause, parity, height, FIGO (International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology) stage, tumor grade, tumor size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, cytology, and lymph node metastasis. Body mass index was not a significant factor for disease-free and cause-specific survival in univariate analysis, and after adjusting for all prognostic factors that were significant in univariate analysis, it did not associate significantly with disease-free and cause-specific survival. Conclusion In Korean women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus, a high pretreatment body mass index did not associate with other prognostic factors and had little impact on the disease-free survival and cause-specific survival of these women.
Inactivation of p53 Is Sufficient to Induce Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Objective Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) show similarities to cancer cells. Due to the growth-suppressive and pro-apoptotic effects of p53 and its inactivation in cancer, we hypothesized that the p53 pathway could be altered in PAH. We therefore explored the involvement of p53 in the monocrotaline (MCT) rat model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the pathophysiological consequences of p53 inactivation in response to animal treatment with pifithrin-α (PFT, an inhibitor of p53 activity). Methods and Results PH development was assessed by pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and arterial wall thickness. The effect of MCT and PFT on lung p53 pathway expression was evaluated by western blot. Fourteen days of daily PFT treatment (2.2 mg/kg/day), similar to a single injection of MCT (60 mg/kg), induced PH and aggravated MCT-induced PH. In the first week after MCT administration and prior to PH development, p53, p21 and MDM2 protein levels were significantly reduced; whereas PFT administration effectively altered the protein level of p53 targets. Anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative effects of PFT were revealed by TUNEL and MTT assays on cultured human PA-SMCs treated with 50 μM PFT. Conclusions Pharmacological inactivation of p53 is sufficient to induce PH with a chronic treatment by PFT, an effect related to its anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative properties. The p53 pathway was down-regulated during the first week in the rat MCT model. These in vivo experiments implicate the p53 pathway at the initiation stages of PH pathogenesis.
Selfing in Haploid Plants and Efficacy of Selection: Codon Usage Bias in the Model Moss Physcomitrella patens

Abstract A long-term reduction in effective population size will lead to major shift in genome evolution. In particular, when effective population size is small, genetic drift becomes dominant over natural selection. The onset of self-fertilization is one evolutionary event considerably reducing effective size of populations. Theory predicts that this reduction should be more dramatic in organisms capable for haploid than for diploid selfing. Although theoretically well-grounded, this assertion received mixed experimental support. Here, we test this hypothesis by analyzing synonymous codon usage bias of genes in the model moss Physcomitrella patens frequently undergoing haploid selfing. In line with population genetic theory, we found that the effect of natural selection on synonymous codon usage bias is very weak. Our conclusion is supported by four independent lines of evidence: 1) Very weak or nonsignificant correlation between gene expression and codon usage bias, 2) no increased codon usage bias in more broadly expressed genes, 3) no evidence that codon usage bias would constrain synonymous and nonsynonymous divergence, and 4) predominant role of genetic drift on synonymous codon usage predicted by a model-based analysis. These findings show striking similarity to those observed in AT-rich genomes with weak selection for optimal codon usage and GC content overall. Our finding is in contrast to a previous study reporting adaptive codon usage bias in the moss P. patens.
The Preference Survey Module: A Validated Instrument for Measuring Risk, Time, and Social Preferences

Incentivized choice experiments are a key approach to measuring preferences in economics but are also costly. Survey measures are a low-cost alternative but can suffer from additional forms of measurement error due to their hypothetical nature. This paper seeks to leverage the strengths of both approaches by proposing a new survey module on risk aversion, time discounting, trust, altruism, positive and negative reciprocity, in which survey items are selected based on ability to predict choices in corresponding, incentivized experiments. The methodology and results provided in the paper can also potentially provide a model for researchers who have specific requirements and want to design their own modules. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Endothelin A but Not Endothelin B Receptor Blockade Reduces Capillary Permeability in Severe Experimental Pancreatitis

Introduction Microcirculatory disorders, in particular increased capillary permeability (CapPerm), contribute to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in severe acute pancreatitis (AP). Endothelin receptor antagonists (ET-RA) have been shown to stabilize capillary leakage and improve organ function in AP. Aim To find out which endothelin receptor subtype (ET-A or ET-B) mediates the changes in CapPerm. Methodology Severe AP was induced in rats by intraductal bile salt infusion and i.v. cerulein. Animals were randomized to receive (1) saline; (2) selective ET-A-RA (LU-135252; 30 mg/kg); (3) selective ET-B-RA (A-192621); (4) nonselective ET-RA (LU-135252; 120 mg/kg); or (5) combined ET-A/B-RA (30 mg/kg LU-135252 + A-192621). Capillary blood flow (CBF) and CapPerm in the pancreas and colon and leukocyte rolling in mesenteric venules were determined. Results Selective ET-A-RA increased CBF and decreased CapPerm in the pancreas and colon by 90–147% and reduced leukocyte rolling in AP but had no effect in healthy controls. Selective ET-B-RA increased pancreatic CBF (2.3 ± 0.03 versus 2.1 ± 0.04 nL/min) and enhanced CapPerm in the pancreas and colon by 24–35% in healthy controls but had no effect in AP. Blockade of both receptors produced effects similar to but less pronounced than those of selective ET-A-RA. Conclusions Blockade of ET-A and ET-B receptors has different effects on CapPerm in healthy animals and those with AP. This may explain the inconclusive results reported with nonselective ET-RA. In severe AP, blockade of ET-A but not ET-B receptors reduces CapPerm.