Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separation Protest in Infants in Home and Laboratory

category of behavior was computed using the Pearson product-moment correlation. These correlations ranged from . 92 for duration of time proximal to mother to . 98 for duration of play. As in the earlier laboratory study, behavior in the home was a function of the adult with whom the infant was left, F (2, 36) = 18.2, p < . 001 for play; F (2, 36) = 5.5, p < . 007 for crying; F (2, 36) = 18.1, p < . 001 for proximity to door. Infants played significantly less during the two 3-minute periods when left alone with the stranger than during the two conditions when left alone with either mother, q (1, 36) = 23.9, p < . 01, or father, q (2, 36) = 27.3, p < . 01. There was no significant difference in play when the child was alone with the mother or father. Infants also cried significantly more when left alone with the stranger than with mother, q (2, 36) = 13.8, p < . 01, or father, q (1, 36) = 9.0, p < . 01, but duration of crying was similar when the child was alone with either parent. Finally, children remained near the exit longer during the two conditions when alone with the stranger than during the two conditions when alone with either father, q (2, 36) = 22.4, p < . 01, or mother, q(l, 36) = 19.6,p < . 01. There was no significant difference between mother or father. Although infants in both home and laboratory were maximally upset by being left alone with stranger but minimally upset when left alone with either parent, there was significantly less distress in the home than in the unfamiliar laboratory situation as revealed by the Context X Person interaction for crying under conditions when the child was alone, F (2, 72) = 10.0, p < . 001. Children tested in the laboratory cried almost three times as long as those tested at home during the two conditions when they were left alone with the stranger, F(l, 72) = 8.9, p < . 005. Context did not influence crying when the child was alone with either mother or father. The greater distress in the laboratory was also reflected in the significant Context X Person interaction for change in duration of play for the conditions following adult departures, F (2, 72) = 6,4, p < . 003. Playing decreased twice as much in the two periods following the mother's departure in the laboratory than at home, F(l, 72) = 6.7, p < . 02,
The impact of sertraline, desipramine, and placebo on psychomotor functioning in depression

Impairment of psychomotor performance is a common adverse effect of many antidepressants, particularly tricyclics. Desipramine is thought to be an exception, with possible performance enhancing effects on psychomotor function. This multicentre study examined the relative effects on psychomotor function of sertraline versus desipramine versus placebo in mild to moderate depression.
Efficient reconstruction of sparse vectors from quantized observations

Compressive sensing is a recent technique for estimating a sparse vector from a reduced number of observations. Several algorithms have been developed and studied in this context. However, the reduction of number of samples (or the sampling rate) is one aspect of compressive sensing. In fact, the quantization of the observations, which is generally unavoidable in practice (due to the analog-to-digital conversion), could be also understood as another aspect of compressed sensing aiming at reducing the complexity of the sampling device. Moreover, reducing the ADC resolution might be much more beneficial in terms of circuit complexity and power consumption than decreasing the sampling rate. Therefore, we investigate this further aspect of compressive sensing related to the resolution of measurements instead of their number. We first present an efficient message-passing-like iterative algorithm for estimating a vector from quantized linear noisy observations. Contrary to the related work in [1], the algorithm does not require any prior information about the sparse input (such as distribution or norm) and can be applied for arbitrary quantizer resolution. Then, a state evolution analysis is carried out to study the dynamics of the iterative algorithm and can be used to optimize the quantizer characteristic. Finally, some experimental results are provided to demonstrate the validity and performance of the presented algorithm.
A new ornithurine from the Early Cretaceous of China sheds light on the evolution of early ecological and cranial diversity in birds

Despite the increasing number of exceptional feathered fossils discovered in the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous of northeastern China, representatives of Ornithurae, a clade that includes comparatively-close relatives of crown clade Aves (extant birds) and that clade, are still comparatively rare. Here, we report a new ornithurine species Changzuiornis ahgmi from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation. The new species shows an extremely elongate rostrum so far unknown in basal ornithurines and changes our understanding of the evolution of aspects of extant avian ecology and cranial evolution. Most of this elongate rostrum in Changzuiornis ahgmi is made up of maxilla, a characteristic not present in the avian crown clade in which most of the rostrum and nearly the entire facial margin is made up by premaxilla. The only other avialans known to exhibit an elongate rostrum with the facial margin comprised primarily of maxilla are derived ornithurines previously placed phylogenetically as among the closest outgroups to the avian crown clade as well as one derived enantiornithine clade. We find that, consistent with a proposed developmental shift in cranial ontogeny late in avialan evolution, this elongate rostrum is achieved through elongation of the maxilla while the premaxilla remains only a small part of rostral length. Thus, only in Late Cretaceous ornithurine taxa does the premaxilla begin to play a larger role. The rostral and postcranial proportions of Changzuiornis suggest an ecology not previously reported in Ornithurae; the only other species with an elongate rostrum are two marine Late Cretacous taxa interpreted as showing a derived picivorous diet.
Streaming kernel regression with provably adaptive mean, variance, and regularization

We consider the problem of streaming kernel regression, when the observations arrive sequentially and the goal is to recover the underlying mean function, assumed to belong to an RKHS. The variance of the noise is not assumed to be known. In this context, we tackle the problem of tuning the regularization parameter adaptively at each time step, while maintaining tight confidence bounds estimates on the value of the mean function at each point. To this end, we first generalize existing results for finite-dimensional linear regression with fixed regularization and known variance to the kernel setup with a regularization parameter allowed to be a measurable function of past observations. Then, using appropriate self-normalized inequalities we build upper and lower bound estimates for the variance, leading to Bersntein-like concentration bounds. The later is used in order to define the adaptive regularization. The bounds resulting from our technique are valid uniformly over all observation points and all time steps, and are compared against the literature with numerical experiments. Finally, the potential of these tools is illustrated by an application to kernelized bandits, where we revisit the Kernel UCB and Kernel Thompson Sampling procedures, and show the benefits of the novel adaptive kernel tuning strategy.
Marital Quality and Personal Well‐Being: A Meta‐Analysis

This study examines the association between marital quality and personal well-being using meta-analytic techniques. Effects from 93 studies were analyzed. The average weighted effect size r was . 37 for cross-sectional and . 25 for longitudinal effects. Results indicate that several variables moderate the association between marital quality and personal well-being, including gender, participants’ marital duration, source of measurement, data collection year, and dependent variable. These results suggest that longitudinal effects are more likely to be uncovered when using standard measurement and that future research should use samples homogenous in marital length. The longitudinal finding that the strength of the association is stronger when personal well-being is treated as the dependent variable supports previous theorizing.
Higher Derivative Operators as loop counterterms in one-dimensional field theory orbifolds.

Using a 5D N = 1 supersymmetric toy-model compactified on S1/(Z2 ? Z2'), with a ``brane-localised'' superpotential, it is shown that higher (dimension) derivative operators are generated as one-loop counterterms to the (mass)2 of the zero-mode scalar field, to ensure the quantum consistency of the model. Such operators are just a result of the compactification and integration of the bulk modes. They are relevant for the UV momentum scale dependence of the (mass)2 of the zero-mode scalar field, regarded as a Higgs field in more realistic models. While suppressed for a small compactification radius R, these operators can affect the predictive power of models with a large value for R. A general method is also provided for a careful evaluation of infinite sums of 4D divergent loop-integrals (of Feynman diagrams) present in field theory orbifolds. With minimal changes, this method can be applied to specific orbifold models for a simple evaluation of their radiative corrections and the overall divergences.
Computed Tomographic Findings and Prognosis in Thymic Epithelial Tumor Patients

Objective: To determine which computed tomographic findings are associated with high-risk thymic epithelial tumors and a poor prognosis. Methods: Computed tomographic findings of thymic epithelial neoplasms were retrospectively evaluated in 75 patients diagnosed with thymic tumor between January 1997 and October 2003. We analyzed the correlation of the computed tomographic findings, histological subtype according to the World Health Organization classification, and the prognosis. Results: There were 34 with type A ∼B1 tumor and 41 with type B2 ∼ C tumor. On multiple regression analysis, vascular obliteration and a blunt sternum-anterior mediastinum angle were more frequent with thymic carcinoma than with thymoma. On multivariate analysis, pleural effusion and mediastinal fat infiltration on initial computed tomography had a significant impact on survival. Conclusions: Vascular obliteration and a blunt sternum-anterior mediastinum angle were predictive of thymic carcinoma. Pleural effusion and mediastinal fat infiltration were predictive of a poor prognosis.
Cross-modal mapping of visual and acoustic displays in infants: The effect of dynamic and static components

Children as well as adults make certain links between the visual and the acoustic domain. For example, higher pitched sounds are typically associated with visual stimuli that are brighter, smaller, and higher in space than those associated with sounds of lower pitch. The present study explored the existence of such links in infancy. More specifically, we investigated the relation between visuospatial height and auditory pitch in 7- to 12-month-olds, varying systematically the format of stimulus presentation. Presenting dynamic visual and acoustic stimuli led to positive findings relying on anticipatory looking measures: While listening to an ascending tone, infants looked longer where they had previously seen an upwards moving circle. While listening to a descending tone, they looked longer where they had previously seen a downwards moving circle. When static tones were combined with static visual stimuli in the same kind of display, no corresponding findings were obtained. Thus, the present work suggests that preverbal infants do not generally associate spatial location and pitch but do so systematically when dynamic stimuli are presented.
High drug load, stable, manufacturable and bioavailable fenofibrate formulations in mesoporous silica: a comparison of spray drying versus solvent impregnation methods

Abstract Encapsulation of drugs in mesoporous silica using co-spray drying process has been recently explored as potential industrial method. However, the impact of spray drying on manufacturability, physiochemical stability and bioavailability in relation to conventional drug load processes are yet to be fully investigated. Using a 23 factorial design, this study aims to investigate the effect of drug-loading process (co-spray drying and solvent impregnation), mesoporous silica pore size (SBA-15, 6.5 nm and MCM-41, 2.5 nm) and percentage drug load (30% w/w and 50% w/w) on material properties, crystallinity, physicochemical stability, release profiles and bioavailability of fenofibrate (FEN) loaded into mesoporous silica. From the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images, powder X-ray diffraction and Differential scanning calorimetry measurements, it is indicated that the co-spray drying process was able to load up to 50% (w/w) FEN in amorphous form onto the mesoporous silica as compared to the 30% (w/w) for solvent impregnation. The in vitro dissolution rate of the co-spray dried formulations was also significantly (p = 0.044) better than solvent impregnated formulations at the same drug loading. Six-month accelerated stability test at 40 °C/75% RH in open dish indicated excellent physical and chemical stability of formulations prepared by both methods. The amorphous state of FEN and the enhanced dissolution profiles were well preserved, and very low levels of degradation were detected after storage. The dog data for the three selected co-spray-dried formulations revealed multiple fold increment in FEN bioavailability compared to the reference crystalline FEN. These results validate the viability of co-spray-dried mesoporous silica formulations with high amorphous drug load as potential drug delivery systems for poorly water soluble drugs.
The New Division of Labor: How Computers are Creating the Next Job Market

are most likely to purchase and read books about how to ensure a good retirement. Did Weiss’s informants reveal the formula for a good retirement? Quite the contrary. While most of the retirees appeared to experience a good retirement, every aspect of retirement explored by Weiss revealed a variety of tolerable solutions. No single formula for securing a good retirement emerged beyond the kind of self-evident advice one might give any pre-retiree: When you grow older and retire, hoping for a good retirement, evidence suggests you should have a secure income, maintain good health, and arrange for a reliable source of social support. These are exactly the prospects the middle-class subjects of this research were likely to have. Further, research indicates that while white-collar workers are quite likely to express some initial concern and dissatisfaction with retirement, over time they tend to adapt well in part because in their work, they have learned to anticipate and adapt to change. Blue-collar workers tend to reverse this sequence: they report initial satisfaction associated with relief from heavy or tedious work but report decreasing satisfaction with the unstimulating routineness of retirement over time. The audience for this readable book will certainly include pre-retirees and retirees like the middle-class retirees studied. But sociologists who are interested in retirement as a life course event or, if older, as an event they are anticipating personally, may be attracted by the skill with which the author uses unobtrusive footnotes collected at the end of the book to provide the perceptive survey of an extensive relevant literature on retirement. Although a sophisticated reader will be disappointed by the author’s failure to discuss the challenges of qualitative research and the limitations of using a convenience sample of middle-class professionals and managers to make generalizations about successful retirement, these limitations may, in fact, recommend the book as a supplementary text for undergraduates and graduate students in sociology. This readable, helpfully footnoted book describing the multiple routes to a good retirement for middle-class workers is also a readable introduction to some common pitfalls of qualitative methodology and of generalizations based on small samples of convenience from a limited socio-economic range. The New Division of Labor: How Computers are Creating the Next Job Market, by Frank Levy and Richard J. Murnane. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004. 192 pp. $39.95 cloth. ISBN: 0691119724.
The Cross-Cultural Equivalence of Job Performance Ratings

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the cross-cultural invariance of job performance ratings. A secondary purpose was to examine potential cross-cultural differences in correlates of performance ratings (i.e., ratee sex, age, tenure; supervisor's opportunity to observe ratee). Fast-food supervisors from Canada, South Korea, and Spain rated employees on their technical proficiency, customer service, and teamwork. Results show that these ratings demonstrate a basic level of measurement invariance, although the error variances of the ratings and pattern of construct variances and covariances were largely culture-specific. This suggests that supervisors across cultures may use and interpret the ratings similarly, but perceive differences in performance. Furthermore, age, tenure, and the supervisor's opportunity to observe the ratee were found to affect ratings differently across cultures. Overall, this study suggests that although job performance ratings are at least partially invariant across cultures, latent performance may not be, and we present some preliminary data as to why latent invariance may not exist.
Assessing France's Joint Audit Requirement: Are Two Heads Better than One?

SUMMARY: We examine auditor choice for listed companies in France where two (joint) auditors are required by law. This unique setting creates more complex auditor choice than the typical Big 4/non‐Big 4 dichotomy in other countries, and we study if a firm's ownership structure affects its auditor‐pair choice as well the consequences on earning quality. The findings are consistent with agency theory and indicate that a Big 4 auditor (paired with a non‐Big 4 auditor) is more likely to be used when there is greater information asymmetry (less family control and more diversified ownership structures), and that these associations are even stronger for firms with two Big 4 auditors conducting the joint audit. We also test if a firm's auditor‐pair choice affects earnings quality and find that firms using one Big 4 auditor (paired with a non‐Big 4 auditor) have smaller income‐increasing abnormal accruals compared to firms that use no Big 4 auditors and, once again, find that this effect is even stronger for firms.
Glass–liquid transition of water at high pressure

The knowledge of the existence of liquid water under extreme conditions and its concomitant properties are important in many fields of science. Glassy water has previously been prepared by hyperquenching micron-sized droplets of liquid water and vapor deposition on a cold substrate (ASW), and its transformation to an ultraviscous liquid form has been reported on heating. A densified amorphous solid form of water, high-density amorphous ice (HDA), has also been made by collapsing the structure of ice at pressures above 1 GPa and temperatures below approximately 140 K, but a corresponding liquid phase has not been detected. Here we report results of heat capacity Cp and thermal conductivity, in situ, measurements, which are consistent with a reversible transition from annealed HDA to ultraviscous high-density liquid water at 1 GPa and 140 K. On heating of HDA, the Cp increases abruptly by (3.4 ± 0.2) J mol-1 K-1 before crystallization starts at (153 ± 1) K. This is larger than the Cp rise at the glass to liquid transition of annealed ASW at 1 atm, which suggests the existence of liquid water under these extreme conditions.
Introduction: Negotiating Indigeneity

This special issue of LACES considers the politics of indigeneity in Bolivia. The authors add to the scholarship assessing the complex political positions of indigenous people in Latin America by considering three interrelated ways in which ‘politics’ and ‘indigeneity’ are related. First, they consider the broad power relations in which indigenous actors are immersed, focusing on enduring structures of racism and inequality, governance and state-building, what Ranciére might call ‘policing’. Second, they examine the role of indigenous people as political actors making claims for recognition and inclusion. Such contested forms of citizenship can be thought of in Ranciérian terms as ‘politics’. Finally, they consider how the category of indigeneity is constructed and enacted, and how it produces specific forms of power and knowledge. How is indigenous identity constructed in relation to the past and what narratives of history are useful? What forms of representation are employed and who speaks for indigenous people? The articles demonstrate that at times indigeneity acts as a tool of emancipation and resistance, but at others serves as a tool of governance.
Children and socio-cultural divisions in Northern Ireland.

This article focuses on young children and those in middle childhood. It explores the strengths and weaknesses of competing explanations and methodologies employed in research on the developing child's awareness and understanding of intergroup relations in Northern Ireland. The review highlights the ethical and methodological constraints involved in research into a sensitive topic and the strengths of a social psychological analysis that takes account of both the cognitive development of the child and their cultural setting.
The influence of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine strain on the immune response against tuberculosis: a randomized trial.

RATIONALE Approximately 100 million doses of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine are given each year to protect against tuberculosis (TB). More than 20 genetically distinct BCG vaccine strains are in use worldwide. Previous studies suggest that BCG vaccine strain influences the immune response and protection against TB. Current data on which BCG vaccine strain induces the optimal immune response in humans are insufficient. OBJECTIVES To compare the immune response to three different BCG vaccine strains given to infants at birth. METHODS Newborn infants in a tertiary women's hospital were immunized at birth with one of three BCG vaccine strains. A stratified randomization according to the mother's region of birth was used. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The presence of mycobacterial-specific polyfunctional CD4 T cells measured by flow cytometry 10 weeks after immunization. Of the 209 infants immunized, data from 164 infants were included in the final analysis (BCG-Denmark, n = 54; BCG-Japan, n = 54; BCG-Russia, n = 57). The proportion of polyfunctional CD4 T cells was significantly higher in infants immunized with BCG-Denmark (0.013%) or BCG-Japan (0.016%) than with BCG-Russia (0.007%) (P = 0.018 and P = 0.003, respectively). Infants immunized with BCG-Japan had higher concentrations of secreted Th1 cytokines; infants immunized with BCG-Denmark had higher proportions of CD107-expressing cytotoxic CD4 T cells. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the immune response induced by different BCG vaccine strains in newborn infants. Immunization with BCG-Denmark or BCG-Japan induced higher frequencies of mycobacterial-specific polyfunctional and cytotoxic T cells and higher concentrations of Th1 cytokines. These findings have potentially important implications for global antituberculosis immunization policies and future tuberculosis vaccine trials.