Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rational Choice Theory and Interest in the “Fortune of Others”

Objectives: We test the relationship between other-regarding preferences (concerns for other people) and intentions to drink and drive and whether these preferences condition the effect of sanction threats on willingness to drink and drive. Methods: A sample of university undergraduates played common economic games (dictator and ultimatum games) and responded to a hypothetical scenario about drinking and driving. Ordinary least squares regression models were used with the full sample and then separate samples for those with differing levels of other-regarding preferences (social preferences). Results: Net of other factors including sanction threats, demographics, measures of individual propensity, and previous experience with drinking and driving, those with strong other-regarding preferences (as indicated by responses to dictator and ultimatum games) were less likely to state that they would drive while drunk under the conditions described by the scenario. In support of differential deterrence, the self-interested were deterred by sanction threats, but those with stronger other-regarding preferences were not deterred by the perceived certainty of sanctions. Conclusions: Our findings speak to the importance of more than self-interest in explaining antisocial behavior and thereby expanding the conceptual boundaries of rational choice theory to include more than self-interest.
Extending Industry Specialization, Intangibles, and Cross-Border Acquisitions

We investigate the role of industry specialization in cross-border acquisitions. We nd that acquirers from more specialized industries in a country are more likely to buy foreign targets in countries that are less specialized in these same industries. The magnitude of this specialization eect is large with 14.6% more deals when the dierence in industry specialization between two countries increases by one standard deviation. This relationship is stronger when the cross-country and cross-industry dierences in measures of educational attainment and intangible capital are higher. Post-acquisition performance is higher when specialized acquirers purchase assets in less specialized industries. These results are consistent with management and localized industry know-how being mobile factors that provide an advantage that can be deployed on foreign assets.
Supporting Preschoolers and Their Families who are Recently Resettled Refugees

According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, the number of refugees worldwide was 10.5 million in 2009 and this number continues to grow (United Nations Refugee Agency, 2010). There is a shortage of evidence based practices and information regarding the state of service provision for young refugee children and their families in preschool programs. In this qualitative study, 25 early childhood educators participated in semi-structured interviews to illuminate the experiences of teachers as they work with preschool children and families in a small New England refugee resettlement community. Themes identified were barriers and facilitators related to two main categories of communication issues and cultural complexities. Implications for future research, teacher preparation programs, professional development and early childhood programs are discussed.
Measurement of HIV RNA in patients infected by subtype C by assays optimized for subtype B results in an underestimation of the viral load

Quantitation assays of HIV‐1 RNA used currently were designed and optimized for subtype B viruses. However, infection with non‐B HIV viruses has become more common worldwide. Unfortunately, little information is available regarding the suitability of these assays for measurement of viral load in specific non‐B subtypes. The performance of two commercial HIV‐1 RNA quantitation assays was evaluated in 82 HIV subtype C‐infected patients and in 43 HIV‐1 subtype B‐infected patients. Blood samples were tested by the Amplicor HIV‐1 Monitor Assay, Version 1.5, and by the nucleic acid sequence‐based amplification HIV‐1 assay (NucliSens). The results were compared by using a paired, two‐tailed Student's t‐test; the difference between the assays was found to be significant only for subtype C. Discordant results (>0.5 log difference) between the two assays were detected in 39% of subtype C samples, compared to 23.2% of subtype B samples. In all cases in which a discordant result was detected, the lower results were obtained by the NucliSens assay. Discordant results between CD4 and viral load (CD4 < 200 cells/ml with a viral load <5,000 copies/ml) were observed in eight of the subtype C‐infected patients when a viral load was measured by NucliSens (9.7%), compared to three patients (3.6%) when measured by the Amplicor assay. In conclusion, in patients with HIV subtype C infection, measurement of HIV RNA by the NucliSens assay resulted in a significant underestimation of the viral load as compared to the Amplicor assay. As a consequence, such an underestimation may result in sub‐optimal care of patients infected with HIV subtype C. J. Med. Virol. 73:167–171, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Method for determining whether a gene of Escherichia coli is essential: application to the polA gene

We have developed a general method for determining whether a gene of Escherichia coli is essential for viability. The method requires cloned DNA spanning the gene in question and a reasonably detailed genetic and physical map of the cloned segment. Using this information, one constructs a deletion of the target gene in vitro. For convenience, the deletion can be marked by an antibiotic resistance gene. A DNA segment containing the deletion is then cloned onto an att delta phage lambda vector. Integration of this phage, by homologous recombination at the target locus, and subsequent excision provide an efficient route for crossing the marked deletion onto the bacterial chromosome. Failure to delete the target gene indicates either that the resulting deletion was not viable or that the desired recombinational event did not take place. The use of prophage excision to generate the deletion allows one to estimate the fraction of deletion-producing events by analysis of the other product of the excision, the phage produced on induction of the prophage. In this way one can determine whether failure to recover a particular chromosomal deletion was due to its never having been formed, or, once formed, to its failure to survive. Applying this method to the polA gene, we found that polA is required for growth on rich medium but not on minimal medium. We repeated the experiment in the presence of plasmids carrying functional fragments of the polA gene, corresponding to the 5'-3' exonuclease and the polymerase-3'-5' exonuclease portions of DNA polymerase I. Surprisingly, either of these fragments, in the absence of the other, was sufficient to allow growth on rich medium.
Human lymphoblastoid cell lines and Epstein-Barr virus: a review of their interrelationships and their relevance to the etiology of leukoproliferative states in man.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a herpes-like virus found in continuous cultures of human leukocytic cells derived from certain tumors, from bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with diseases such as leukemia and infectious mononucleosis, and from the blood leukocytes of some normal persons. EBV was discovered in lymphoid cell cultures originating from Burkitt's lymphoma (BL); because it was the first virus to show a regular association with a human malignant tumor, it has received a great deal of attention from experimental oncologists, virologists, epidemiologists, and clinicians in the six years since its discovery. The hypothesis that viruses are a cause of human malignant disease has been explored with increasing energy since studies in lower animals have demonstrated the oncogenic potential of these agents. The RNA tumor viruses of chickens,' mice,2 and cats' have been considered likely models for human leukemia and lymphoma because of the similarity of the diseases in lower animals and in man, and because these agents produce tumors in the species in which they are found in nature. Polyoma and simian virus 40 (SV40), small DNA viruses of the papova group, do not usually produce tumors in their natural host but they are important tools in experimental viral cancerigenesis, because they offer the promise of close genetic and biochemical analysis of malignant transformation in vitro. Some types of human adenoviruses, larger DNA viruses, cause tumors in experimental animals and produce malignant transformation of animal cells in vitro. ' Since some adenovirus types are oncogenic and others are not, a great deal of research has been directed toward understanding these differences which, at present, are not fully explained at a molecular level. More recently a fourth group of animal viruses, the herpes group, which are still larger, more complex enveloped viruses with double-stranded DNA, have been regularly associated with tumors both in lower animals and in man. The herpes virus of the Lucke frog renal adenocarcinoma was dis-
Klamath Sibilant Degemination: Implications of a Recent Sound Change

This paper documents a recent sound change in Klamath of *ss > s which took place sometime between the late 1800s and the mid 1900s. A phonetic basis for this sound change is proposed, based on the intrinsic duration of short sibilants. This sound change not only explains the absence of geminate sibilants in modern Klamath but also the lack of derived distributive forms which, historically, differed only from nondistributives in the presence of a geminate sibilant.
Job Satisfaction and Intrapreneurship : the Moderating Effect of Personality Trait

The study of the impact of extraversion on job performance has a big importance because job performance is based on this. Therefore this research was aimed to studying the impact of extraversion on job performance. The statistical population of this research was the people of Baluchistan University, from the field of information technology engineering and management sciences. A questionnaire was distributed to 100 subjects of the university, with 15 items including measuring variables. The result shows that the extraversion has a positive effect on the personal job performance. Extraversion influenced the job motivation and also the job evolution. Finally the result of these data shows that the job performance of employees is enhanced and get affected positively.
Upgrading the quality of Africa's rice: a novel artisanal parboiling technology for rice processors in sub‐Saharan Africa

Abstract In order to increase the quality of locally produced rice, the artisanal parboiling process in West and Central Africa was reconceptualized. A novel parboiling unit was constructed using stainless steel (Inox 304) and fitted directly on an improved stove made from fired bricks. The heat profile at different locations in the unit, the physicochemical properties, cooking properties of the parboiled rice, and the fuel efficiency of the stove were evaluated and compared with that of the traditional system. The heat flow in the new unit was from the top to the bottom while the reverse occurred in the traditional unit. The percent impurities and heat‐damaged grains, swelling and water uptake ratios, amylose content, stickiness, and cohesiveness were lower for rice produced using the improved technology (IT) compared to the traditional technology (TT). Whole grains (%), lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), cooking time, viscosity were higher for rice produced using the IT compared to the TT. Most of physicochemical and cooking properties of rice produced using the IT were not different from that of premium quality imported rice and this was achieved when steaming time was between 20–25 min. The improved stove recorded a lower time to boil water and specific fuel consumption and a higher burning rate and firepower at the hot‐start high‐power phase compared to the traditional stove. Most end users rated the IT as easy and safe to use compared to the TT. The new technology was code‐named “Grain quality enhancer, Energy‐efficient and durable Material (GEM) parboiling technology. ”
A Comprehensive Use of Concept Mapping in Design Instruction and Assessment

Abstract This study describes the use of concept mapping (CM) in design, instruction and assessment, related to a microbiology program prepared for high school (grades 10 and 11) students in Israel. It describes how CM was used in developing an hierarchically sequenced program. The impact of the new program on students’ achievements was determined by comparing two groups: (a) students who studied the new program using CM themselves (mappers); and (b) students who studied the new program without CM. It was found that CM students’ overall gain was higher. Students’ and teachers’ attitudes towards mapping were mostly favourable towards the cognitive benefits of CM. However, many students did not like certain aspects of CM. Some teachers exploit the potential of CM better than others.
E ﬀ ect of oligosaccharides and aerobic training on hyperglycemia, growth and intestinal microbial diversity of diabetic rats

Objectives: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by dysbiosis. Modulation of the gut microbiota by oligosaccharides and aerobic training are proposed mechanisms that ameliorate the disease through a ﬀ ecting host-microbiota interactions. Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups – 5 with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and 3 healthy controls. The e ﬀ ect of two oligosaccharides – xylo-and galactooligosaccharides, and of aerobic training on the blood glucose concentration, growth and diversity of the gut microbiota was evaluated in the current study. Results: The galactooligosaccharides positively a ﬀ ected the glycemic status of the experimental animals as the diabetic and healthy rats had lower blood glucose concentration after 6 weeks of treatment (diabetic rats: week 4 vs. week 8, p=0.047; healthy rats: week 2,4,6,10 vs. week 8, p=0.001, p=0.000, p=0.025 and p=0.001, respectively). A positive e ﬀ ect of the galactooligosaccharides on body weight was observed when administered to diabetic rats in comparison to the diabetic control (p=0.020). Similar results were observed for the aerobically trained diabetic rats (p=0.004). The identi ﬁ cation of bacterial species showed preserved microbiota diversity and indicated Bi ﬁ dobacterium indicum , Lactobacillus feritoshensis and E. coli as the most abundant species among the analyzed genera. Conclusions: Prebiotic treatment bene ﬁ cially a ﬀ ected the hyperglycemia and growth of type 1 diabetic rats. The most signi ﬁ cante ﬀ ect of the aerobic trainingwas the improvement of the morphological parameters. Oligosaccharide adminis-trationandexercisedidnota ﬀ ectthediversityofthebacterial species.
Can serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and CCL17 levels be a marker of disease activation in spondyloarthritis?

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate if serum levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) correlate with disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) patients. Patients and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 individuals (48 females, 32 males; mean age: 47.7±11.5) between March 2021 and September 2021. Of the participants, 20 were axSpA, 20 were pSpA, and 20 were active rheumatoid arthritis patients, and the remaining 20 were healthy controls. Age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, comorbid diseases, smoking status, medical treatments, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) positivity were recorded. Serum GM-CSF and CCL17 levels were analyzed by ELISA. Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with CRP (ASDAS-CRP) was used to evaluate the disease activity of patients with spondyloarthritis. Functional status of spondyloarthritis patients was evaluated by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Results: While the serum GM-CSF levels were similar in the axSpA and pSpA groups, they were significantly higher than the healthy control group (p=0.021 and p=0.009, respectively). There was a significant correlation between GM-CSF levels and ASDAS-CRP (r=0.545, p=0.013) and BASFI (r=0.546, p=0.013) in the axSpA group. In active axSpA patients, the cut-off value for GM-CSF was 15.89 pg/mL (sensitivity 50%, specificity 100%). No differences were detected in serum CCL17 levels among the groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that serum GM-CSF levels may be used as a new marker for the evaluation of disease activity in axSpA, and GM-CSF might be a therapeutic target.
Motivating Creativity in Organizations: On Doing What You Love and Loving What You Do

Creativity in all fields, including business, flourishes under intrinsic motivation—the drive to do something because it is interesting, involving, exciting, satisfying, or personally challenging. This article presents the Componential Theory of Organizational Creativity and Innovation, which defines the factors—including intrinsic motivation—that determine a person's creativity. This article also shows how the work environment can influence individual creativity.
Cell-to-Cell, but Not Long-Distance, Spread of RNA Silencing That Is Induced in Individual Epidermal Cells

ABSTRACT A Turnip crinkle virus (TCV)-based system was devised to discriminate cell-to-cell and systemic long-distance spread of RNA silencing in plants. Modified TCV-GFPΔCP, constructed by replacing the coat protein (CP) gene with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, replicated in single epidermal cells but failed to move from cell to cell in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mechanical inoculation of TCV-GFPΔCP induced effective RNA silencing in single epidermal cells which spread from cell to cell to form silenced foci on inoculated leaves, but no long-distance systemic spread of RNA silencing occurred. Agroinfiltration of TCV-GFPΔCP was, however, able to induce both local and systemic RNA silencing. TCV coinfection arrested TCV-GFPΔCP-mediated local induction of RNA silencing. Possible mechanisms involved in cell-to-cell and long-distance spread of RNA silencing are discussed.
Peer Influence, Social Bonding, Physical and Relational Aggression: Perpetration and Victimization in an Elementary School Sample

Abstract Aggression in the school context is a problem that has received increasing attention over the past decade. It is important for the prevention of aggression in school that we understand the etiology of aggression at different ages and grades in school to help us better identify targets for program intervention. The present study draws insights primarily from an integrated theory of problem behavior first proposed by Elliott, Ageton, and Canter (1979) to examine the impacts of internal bonding, external bonding, and peer influence on perpetration of and victimization by physical and relational aggression for students at the elementary school level. Although the research is done in the context of an intervention program to reduce school aggression and bullying, the focus is not on the program itself, but on the nonprogram variables that influence school aggression. This research also represents the extension of research on the integrated theory to a younger age group than has been previously studied in this theoretical context. The results provide support for the integrated theory, and suggest that interventions targeting peer influence and social bonding have promise in reducing aggressive behavior in the schools.
The Trends of Atrial Fibrillation-Related Hospital Visit and Cost, Treatment Pattern and Mortality in Korea: 10-Year Nationwide Sample Cohort Data

Background and Objectives The change of in-hospital and out-hospital treatments, and hospital costs for atrial fibrillation (AF) were not well known in rapidly aging Asian countries. This study is to examine the trends of AF management and outcomes in Korea. Subjects and Methods In the sample cohort from Korean National Health Insurance Data Sample Cohort (K-NHID-Sample Cohort) from 2004 through 2013, we identified patients with AF and hospital visit records using Korean Classification of Diseases, 6th Revision (KCD-6). Hospital cost, prescribed medications, radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), morbidity and mortality were identified. Results AF-related hospitalization and outpatient clinic visits increased by 2.19 and 3.06-fold, respectively. While the total cost increased from 3.6 to 11.3 billion won (p<0.001), the mean cost per patient increased from 0.68 to 0.83 million won (p<0.001). Although the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score increased from 3.5 to 4.4 in the total AF population, the proportion of patients who receive anticoagulation therapy with warfarin showed no significant change for the decade. The proportion of hospitalization for RFCA was increased (0.4% to 1.1%, p<0.001). All-cause mortality (6.7% to 5.0%), cardiovascular mortality (1.4% to 1.1%) and stroke-related death (1.3% to 0.8%) showed a modest decrease from 2004 to 2013. Conclusion During the last decade, AF-related hospitalization and outpatient clinic visits have increased with the increase of many other comorbidities, whereas the rate of anticoagulation did not improved. Although mortality in patients with AF showed a modest decrease from 2004 to 2013, proper anticoagulation therapy is warranted for the improvement of public health.
Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Aeromonas Bacteremia: 14 Years Nation-Wide Experiences in Korea

Background To elucidate the clinical presentation, antimicrobial susceptibility, and prognostic factors of monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia in order to determine the most effective optimal therapy. Materials and Methods We reviewed the medical records of Aeromonas bacteremia patients for the period January 2000 to December 2013 in a retrospective multi-center study. Results A total of 336 patient records were reviewed, with 242 having community-acquired bacteremia. The major clinical infections were of the hepatobiliary tract (50.6%) and peritonitis (18.5%), followed by primary bacteremia (17.9%). The infections usually occurred in patients with malignancy (42.3%), hepatic cirrhosis (39.3%), or diabetes mellitus (25.6%). High antimicrobial-resistance rates (15.5% for ceftriaxone, 15.5% for piperacillin/tazobactam) were noted. However, resistance to carbapenem and amikacin was only 9.8% and 3.0%, respectively. Aeromonas hydrophila (58.9%) was the most common pathogen, followed by Aeromonas caviae (30.4%). The severity of A. caviae bacteremia cases were less than that of A. hydrophila or Aeromonas veronii bacteremia (P <0.05). A. hydrophila showed higher antimicrobial resistance than did other Aeromonas species (P <0.05). Patients with hospital-acquired bacteremia were more likely to have severely abnormal laboratory findings and relatively high antimicrobial-resistance rates. Mortality was associated with metastatic cancer, shock, delayed use of appropriate antimicrobial agents, increased prothrombin time, and increased creatinine level (P <0.05). Conclusions Aeromonas species should be considered one of the causative agents of bacteremia in patients with intra-abdominal infections or malignancies. Although ceftriaxone-resistant Aeromonas bacteremia was not statistically related to mortality in this study, it was associated with severe clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities. Appropriate antibiotics, including carbapenem, should be administered early, especially in Aeromonas bacteremia patients with shock and impaired renal function.