Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Re‐engineering of undergraduate science curricula to emphasise development of lifelong learning skills

It is increasingly important in the twenty‐first century for graduates to be able to take their place in the changing world scene and to be adaptable and creative within the organisation that employs them. This paper describes some of the initiatives introduced into the curriculum of a first‐year science course, taken by 1300 students at the University of Sydney, that are designed to help students develop the attributes required of a professional scientist. Comprehensive online resources have been developed to facilitate independent study, and synchronous and asynchronous communications, and these are delivered via a virtual learning environment. We have enhanced students’ oral and written communication skills by using real work experiences, and developed teamwork activities within the context of the curriculum.
Explosive Percolation Is Continuous

A mathematical proof shows that in many models of the growth of network connectivity, phase transitions are continuous. “Explosive percolation” is said to occur in an evolving network when a macroscopic connected component emerges in a number of steps that is much smaller than the system size. Recent predictions based on simulations suggested that certain Achlioptas processes (much-studied local modifications of the classical mean-field growth model of Erdős and Rényi) exhibit this phenomenon, undergoing a phase transition that is discontinuous in the scaling limit. We show that, in fact, all Achlioptas processes have continuous phase transitions, although related models in which the number of nodes sampled may grow with the network size can indeed exhibit explosive percolation.
Drosophila Clock Neurons under Natural Conditions

The circadian clock modulates the adaptive daily patterns of physiology and behavior and adjusts these rhythms to seasonal changes. Recent studies of seasonal locomotor activity patterns of wild-type and clock mutant fruit flies in quasi-natural conditions have revealed that these behavioral patterns differ considerably from those observed under standard laboratory conditions. To unravel the molecular features accompanying seasonal adaptation of the clock, we investigated Drosophila’s neuronal expression of the canonical clock proteins PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM) in nature. We find that the profile of PER dramatically changes in different seasons, whereas that of TIM remains more constant. Unexpectedly, we find that PER and TIM oscillations are decoupled in summer conditions. Moreover, irrespective of season, PER and TIM always peak earlier in the dorsal neurons than in the lateral neurons, suggesting a more rapid molecular oscillation in these cells. We successfully reproduced most of our results under simulated natural conditions in the laboratory and show that although photoperiod is the most important zeitgeber for the molecular clock, the flies’ activity pattern is more strongly affected by temperature. Our results are among the first to systematically compare laboratory and natural studies of Drosophila rhythms.
Electronic structure and magneto-optical effects in CeSb.

The electronic structure and magneto-optical spectra of CeSb have been calculated using the self-consistent local-density approximation with explicit on-site Coulomb parameters for the correlated f state of cerium. The essential electronic structure of cerium antimonide consists of one occupied f band, predominantly with orbital m=-3 character and spin \ensuremath{\sigma}=1 located 2 eV below the Fermi level and interacting with broad Sb p bands crossing ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$. The m-dependent p-f hybridization leads to large magnetic anisotropy and magneto-optical spectra in better agreement with experiment than obtained with the standard local-spin-density approximation.
IDSense: A Human Object Interaction Detection System Based on Passive UHF RFID

In order to enable unobtrusive human object interaction detection, we propose a minimalistic approach to instrumenting everyday objects with passive (i.e. battery-free) UHF RFID tags. By measuring the changes in the physical layer of the communication channel between the RFID tag and reader (such as RSSI, RF phase, and read rate) we are able to classify, in real time, tag/object motion events along with two types of touch events. Through a user study, we demonstrate that our real-time classification engine is able to simultaneously track 20 objects and identify four movement classes with 93% accuracy. To demonstrate how robust this general-purpose interaction mechanism is, we investigate three usage scenarios 1) interactive storytelling with toys 2) inference of daily activities in the home 3) identification of customer browsing habits in a retail setting.
Ulcerative Colitis Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in the Postoperative Period: The Results of a Matched Cohort Analysis.

OBJECTIVES To determine the rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during admission and within 30 days of hospital discharge in inflammatory bowel (IBD) patients undergoing colonic resection using the ACS National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) database and to compare these rates to VTE rates in cohorts of patients undergoing colonic resection for several other colonic pathologies. BACKGROUND High rates of VTE have been demonstrated in hospitalized IBD patients. However, rates of postdischarge VTE in IBD patients are understudied. METHODS Demographic, operative, and outcomes data for 96,999 patients undergoing colonic resection for diverticulitis, colorectal cancer (CRC), benign neoplasms, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD) between 2005 and 2011 was obtained. Student t and χ tests were used for univariate analysis. A logistic multivariate analysis was performed with all significant variables. Propensity score matching was utilized to compare the VTE incidences between the groups. RESULTS Highest VTE risk was seen in obese patients [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41], those older than 73 years (OR = 1.58) and with bleeding disorders (OR = 1.44), American Society of Anesthesiology class III/IV (OR = 1.52/1.86), preoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (OR = 1.55), sepsis (OR = 1.48) or steroid use (OR = 1.63), and primary diagnosis of UC (OR = 2.10). The UC group had the highest incidence of VTE (2.74%), followed by CRC patients (1.74%). A 1.2% incidence was seen in the CD population, and 41.5% of the UC-VTEs were diagnosed after discharge. CONCLUSIONS This study affirms that inpatient UC patients undergoing colonic resection are at high risk for VTE and suggests that this risk persists into the postdischarge period. Thus, these patients should be given appropriate prophylaxis.
Self-Reported Factors Related to Relapse following Treatment for Stuttering

This paper presents final results of earlier reported research (Craig & Calver, 1991) of the self-reported perceptions of relapse of people who stutter. The difficulties for those who struggle to remain fluent following successful treatment for stuttering requires further analysis through investigation into relapse. The present study undertook a cross sectional questionnaire study of a large group of persons from an Australian self-help group who were dedicated to maintaining treatment gains in the long term. Relapse was defined as “stuttering to a degree which was not acceptable for at least a period of one week. ” Altogether, 152 of 300 questionnaires were returned. Seventy percent of the participants believed they had relapsed, but the majority also believed they had regained fluency subsequent to that relapse. Relapse appeared to occur in cycles, with an average frequency of up to three times per year. They believed that relapse was (a) more likely to occur in demanding contexts such as the work enviro.
Lifestyle correlates of musical preference: 3. Travel, money, education, employment and health

Several studies indicate that musical preferences provide a means of discriminating between social groups, and suggest indirectly that musical preferences should correlate with a variety of different lifestyle choices. In this study, 2532 participants responded to a questionnaire asking them to state their musical preference and also to provide data on various social class-related aspects of their lifestyle (namely travel, personal finances, education, employment, health, and drinking and smoking). Numerous associations existed between musical preference and these aspects of participants' lifestyle. The nature of these associations indicated that liking for `high-art' music was indicative of a lifestyle of the upper-middle and upper classes, whereas liking for `low-art' music was indicative of a lifestyle of the lower-middle and lower classes. Issues concerning causality are discussed with reference to the likely complex interaction of numerous factors.
Apomixis and reticulate evolution in the Asplenium monanthes fern complex.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Asexual reproduction is a prominent evolutionary process within land plant lineages and especially in ferns. Up to 10 % of the approx. 10 000 fern species are assumed to be obligate asexuals. In the Asplenium monanthes species complex, previous studies identified two triploid, apomictic species. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships in the A. monanthes complex and to investigate the occurrence and evolution of apomixis within this group. METHODS DNA sequences of three plastid markers and one nuclear single copy gene were used for phylogenetic analyses. Reproductive modes were assessed by examining gametophytic and sporophyte development, while polyploidy was inferred from spore measurements. KEY RESULTS Asplenium monanthes and A. resiliens are confirmed to be apomictic. Asplenium palmeri, A. hallbergii and specimens that are morphologically similar to A. heterochroum are also found to be apomictic. Apomixis is confined to two main clades of taxa related to A. monanthes and A. resiliens, respectively, and is associated with reticulate evolution. Two apomictic A. monanthes lineages, and two putative diploid sexual progenitor species are identified in the A. monanthes clade. CONCLUSIONS Multiple origins of apomixis are inferred, in both alloploid and autoploid forms, within the A. resiliens and A. monanthes clades.
The Effect of the Sea Ice Freshwater Flux on Southern Ocean Temperatures in CCSM3: Deep-Ocean Warming and Delayed Surface Warming

AbstractThis study explores the role of sea ice freshwater and salt fluxes in modulating twenty-first-century surface warming in the Southern Ocean via analysis of sensitivity experiments in the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3). In particular, the role of a change in these fluxes in causing surface cooling, expanding sea ice, and increasing deep oceanic storage of heat in the Southern Ocean is investigated. The results indicate that in response to the doubling of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere in CCSM3, net freshwater input from sea ice to the ocean increases south of 58°S (owing to less growth) and decreases from 48° to 58°S (owing to less melt). The freshwater source from changing precipitation in the model is considerably less than from sea ice south of 58°S, but it serves to compensate for the reduction in sea ice melt near the ice edge, leaving almost no net freshwater flux change between about 48° and 58°S. As a result, freshwater input principally from sea ice reduces ocean c.
Reading Fictional Stories and Winning Delayed Prizes: The Surprising Emotional Impact of Distant Events

Hedonic experiences that involve real, immediate events (such as reading about a recent, real-life tragic event) naturally evoke strong affective reactions. When these events are instead fictional or removed in time, they should be perceived as more psychologically distant and evoke weaker affective reactions. The current research shows that, while consumers' intuitions are in line with this prediction, their actual emotional experiences are surprisingly insensitive to the distancing information. For instance, readers of a sad story overestimated how much their emotional reaction would be reduced by knowing that it described a fictional event. Similarly, game participants overestimated how much their excitement about winning a prize would be dampened by knowing that the prize would only be available later. We propose that actual readers and prize winners were too absorbed by the hedonic experience to incorporate the distancing information, resulting in surprisingly strong affective reactions to fictional stories and delayed prizes.
The Use and Construction of Anthropometric Growth Reference Standards

CONTENTS U S E O F GROWTH S T A N D A R D S . 20 HISTORY . 20 D E F I N I T I O N S . 21 REFERENCE OR S T A N D A R D . 21 LOCAL OR I N T E R N A T I O N A L . 22 SCALES O F MEASUREMENT . 22 Centile . 23 Percentage of median . 23 SD score . 23 D I S T A N C E A N D VELOCITY S T A N D A R D S . 26 Weight for height . 28 M A R G I N A L A N D C O N D I T I O N A L S T A N D A R D S . 28 Marginal or unconditional . 28 Conditional . 29 P U R P O S E OF S T A N D A R D S . 31 Education . 31 Screening . 31 Clinical . 32 Group summary . 32 EFFECT OF A N I N A P P R O P R I A T E S T A N D A R D . 32 F U T U R E DEVELOPMENTS U S I N G S D SCORES . 34 Displav of SD scores . 34 Indices based on SD scores . 34 GROWTH S T A N D A R D C O N S T R U C T I O N . 36 P R I N C I P L E S . 36 G R O W T H C U R V E S . 36 Smoothing . 36 Infancy models . 37 All childhood models . 38 CENTILE S P E C I F I C A T I O N . 39 Normal distribution . 40
The influence of anxiety and quality of interaction on collaborative test performance

This research investigated the relationships among test performance, anxiety, and the quality of interaction during collaborative testing of college students. It also explored which students are most likely to benefit from collaborative testing. It was randomly determined whether a student would take each of six examinations alone or with a partner. Collaborative testing resulted in higher scores than individual testing for a significant number of students, conferring an advantage of 3.83%. Test performance was positively correlated with quality of interaction. Students with higher levels of test anxiety were most likely to benefit from collaborative testing and to experience the greatest test anxiety reduction.
P.9.10 Deleting exon 55 from the nebulin gene induces severe muscle weakness in a mouse model for nemaline myopathy

Nebulin--a giant sarcomeric protein--plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle contractility by specifying thin filament length and function. Although mutations in the gene encoding nebulin (NEB) are a frequent cause of nemaline myopathy, the most common non-dystrophic congenital myopathy, the mechanisms by which mutations in NEB cause muscle weakness remain largely unknown. To better understand these mechanisms, we have generated a mouse model in which Neb exon 55 is deleted (Neb(ΔExon55)) to replicate a founder mutation seen frequently in patients with nemaline myopathy with Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. Neb(ΔExon55) mice are born close to Mendelian ratios, but show growth retardation after birth. Electron microscopy studies show nemaline bodies--a hallmark feature of nemaline myopathy--in muscle fibres from Neb(ΔExon55) mice. Western blotting studies with nebulin-specific antibodies reveal reduced nebulin levels in muscle from Neb(ΔExon55) mice, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy studies with tropomodulin antibodies and phalloidin reveal that thin filament length is significantly reduced. In line with reduced thin filament length, the maximal force generating capacity of permeabilized muscle fibres and single myofibrils is reduced in Neb(ΔExon55) mice with a more pronounced reduction at longer sarcomere lengths. Finally, in Neb(ΔExon55) mice the regulation of contraction is impaired, as evidenced by marked changes in crossbridge cycling kinetics and by a reduction of the calcium sensitivity of force generation. A novel drug that facilitates calcium binding to the thin filament significantly augmented the calcium sensitivity of submaximal force to levels that exceed those observed in untreated control muscle. In conclusion, we have characterized the first nebulin-based nemaline myopathy model, which recapitulates important features of the phenotype observed in patients harbouring this particular mutation, and which has severe muscle weakness caused by thin filament dysfunction.
C620R mutation of the murine ret proto‐oncogene: Loss of function effect in homozygotes and possible gain of function effect in heterozygotes

Germline RET mutations are responsible for different inherited disorders: Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon), caused by loss of function mutations, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, caused by gain of function mutations. Intriguingly, some RET mutations, including C620R, are associated with both types of diseases. To investigate the dual role of such RET mutations, a mouse model with a targeted mutation retC620R was generated. retC620R/C620R offspring die during the first postnatal day, and show kidney agenesis and intestinal aganglionosis. Decreased outgrowth of the Ret‐positive cells was observed in retC620R/C620R neuronal cell cultures, which is suggestive of an impaired migration, proliferation or survival of the Ret‐expressing cells. Electronmicroscopy revealed the absence of membrane‐bound Ret in retC620R/C620R cells as compared to ret+/+ and ret+/C620R cells. On the other hand, aged ret+/C620R mice develop precancerous lesions in the adrenal gland or in the thyroid. Our results suggest that the retC620R mutation has a loss of function effect in homozygotes and exhibits a dominant gain of function effect with low penetrance causing hyperplasia in heterozygotes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oil sand screen modelling using partial least squares regression

In the oil sands industry, screening is a critical part of the mining process. Oil sand companies use screens to separate oversized lumps from the surrounding oil-rich sand before it enters the oil extraction process. However, during unknown screening conditions, varying proportions of the sand will pass over the screens, resulting in unexplained variations in screening performance. Typical screen performance evaluation involves extensive sampling of the feed stream in order to obtain comprehensive data of typical screening conditions. In this work, we present a general methodology for using non-traditional plant variables, such as geological information, to develop an oil sand screen model when traditional screening variables, such as the feed particle size distribution, are difficult to obtain. A screen model that uses feed rate, water and geological variables to explain screening performance variation is developed using partial least squares regression. The modelpsilas behaviour is compared with a model that uses only the feed rate. Results show an average 25 percent reduction in RMS error and an average 0.34 increase in the adj-R2 over the feed-rate-only model. This is the first known study to consider nonconventional water and geological variables, other than feed rate, for modelling an online oil sand screen.
Auditory Integration Training

Auditory problems are common in individuals with autism. Several previous studies have indicated that Auditory Integration Training (AIT), a sound-based intervention, may bring about significant improvement in autism. AIT entails listening to specially processed music for a total of 10 hours over a 10- to 20-day period. In the present study, 19 individuals with autism were assigned at random to either an experimental group (n = 9), who listened to AIT-processed music, or a placebo group (n = 10), who listened to the same but unprocessed music. All evaluators were blind to group assignment. Behavioral, electrophysiological (ERP), and audiometric measures were assessed prior to and following AIT. A significant decrease in Aberrant Behavior Checklist scores was observed in the experimental group at the 3-month follow-up assessment. Of the 19 participants, only three experimental group members and two placebo group members were able to perform the auditory P300 ERP task. All five participants showed abnormal P300 ERPs prior to the AIT listening sessions. Three months following AIT, all three treated participants showed a dramatic improvement in their auditory P300 ERP, whereas none of the participants in the placebo group showed change. The participants' poor language and attention skills precluded collecting sufficient data for formal statistical evaluation of the results from the battery of audiometric tests.
Differences in Performance between Students with Learning Disabilities and Mild Mental Retardation: Implications for Categorical Instruction

We reviewed eight studies that described learning differences between students with learning disabilities (LD) and students with mild mental retardation (MMR). A total of 639 students, 6–20 years old, participated in these studies. Study authors examined students’ inductive reasoning and their performance during guided inquiry and more lengthy interventions in reading and math. Students with LD and students with MMR were assessed in terms of learning ease, pre– to posttreatment gains, and the maintenance, transfer, and application of knowledge acquisition. Students with LD statistically significantly outperformed students with MMR on both inductive reasoning and guided inquiry tasks. They made reliably larger gains following interventions in reading and math. Across all learning tasks and contexts, students with LD displayed greater consistency transferring and applying conceptual knowledge to new tasks. Regarding maintenance, results were mixed. Implications for categorical instruction are discussed.
STUDIES ON CELL ENZYME SYSTEMS

Solutions of the enzyme luciferase, extracted from Cypridina, were subjected at pH 6.8 to temperatures from 40–55°C. for times up to 24 hours. After the desired exposures samples were cooled rapidly to room temperature, mixed with luciferin, and the first order velocity constants (representing luciferase activity) of the resulting luminescent reactions were determined by a photo electric method. The form of the curve relating luciferase activity to time of exposure to a temperature in the above range is compound in nature. If the exposure to the high temperature is not too long, about two-thirds of the lost activity is slowly regained on standing at room temperature. The data were described by an equation which represents the following mechanism: See PDF for Equation A plot of the logarithm of the rate constant, k 1, against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature yielded an experimental activation energy for this reaction of about 57,000 calories, typical of protein denaturation processes. Log k 2 plotted against 1/T was described by either a curve or two straight lines, high activation energies resulting in either case, again indicating protein denaturation. The plot of log k 3: vs. 1/T showed no apparent dependence upon temperature, k 3 being practically constant over the range studied. This may indicate that the underlying mechanism is not actually as simple as pictured. Two other mechanisms that were also considered were discarded because of lack of experimental support. Measurements of the decrease of luciferase activity at 48°C. and at pH 6.7, pH 5.5, and pH 7.9 showed that inactivation of the enzyme at this temperature was much more rapid at pH 7.9 than at pH 6.7 and was even faster at pH 5.5. These results from the Cypridina luminescent system were compared with those of other investigators on other systems.