Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Notch Signaling Requirements of the Zebrafish Choroid Plexus

Background The choroid plexus (CP) is an epithelial and vascular structure in the ventricular system of the brain that is a critical part of the blood-brain barrier. The CP has two primary functions, 1) to produce and regulate components of the cerebral spinal fluid, and 2) to inhibit entry into the brain of exogenous substances. Despite its importance in neurobiology, little is known about how this structure forms. Methodology and Principal Findings Here we show that the transposon-mediated enhancer trap zebrafish line EtMn16 expresses green fluorescent protein within a population of cells that migrate toward the midline and coalesce to form the definitive CP. We further demonstrate the development of the integral vascular network of the definitive CP. Utilizing pharmacologic pan-notch inhibition and specific morpholino-mediated knockdown, we demonstrate a requirement for Notch signaling in choroid plexus development. We identify three Notch signaling pathway members as mediating this effect, notch1b, deltaA, and deltaD. Conclusions and Significance This work is the first to identify the zebrafish choroid plexus and to characterize its epithelial and vasculature integration. This study, in the context of other comparative anatomical studies, strongly indicates a conserved mechanism for development of the CP. Finally, we characterize a requirement for Notch signaling in the developing CP. This establishes the zebrafish CP as an important new system for the determination of key signaling pathways in the formation of this essential component of the vertebrate brain.
The Determinants and Impact of Property Rights: Land Titles on the Brazilian Frontier

This paper provides new empirical results regarding the demand and supply of title, its impact on land value, and its effects on agricultural investment on Brazilian frontiers. We use survey data from 1992 and 1993 from the state of Par with data on the characteristics of the settlers, land tenure, land agencies involved, land values, and investment. We then turn to census data from the Brazilian agricultural census from 1940 through 1985, with observations at the municipio (county) level to examine the development of property rights to land in the southern state of Paran during the agricultural boom between 1940 and 1970 and in the Amazon state of Par during the period of rapid migration to the region after 1970. By examining frontiers we can follow the rise in land values, the increase in the demand for title, and the response of government. The empirical findings support the predictions of the theory regarding the effects of title and investment on land value, the role of expected change in value on demand for title, and the contribution of title in promoting investment. Governments, however, have not exactly followed the predictions of the analytical framework in supplying title. Political and bureaucratic factors play an important role in the government response to demands for title. This result suggests that researchers must pay special attention to the complex political process by which property rights are assigned in studying the emergence of tenure institutions.
Title : Verifying theories of language acquisition using computer models of language evolution Running title : Verifying theories of language acquisition

This paper presents a dense database study of child language acquisition from a usage-based perspective of language acquisition and a new analysis of data from an earlier study on simulating language evolution. The new analysis is carried out to show how computer modelling studies can be designed to generate predictions (results) that can be compared quantitatively with empirical data obtained from the dense database studies. Although the comparison shows that the computer model in question is still far from realistic, the study illustrates how to carry out agent-based simulations of language evolution that allows quantitative verification of predictions with empirical data to validate theories on child language acquisition.
Disparities in the use of a mHealth medication adherence promotion intervention for low-income adults with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may improve diabetes outcomes, but require engagement. Little is known about what factors impede engagement, so the authors examined the relationship between patient factors and engagement in an mHealth medication adherence promotion intervention for low-income adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty patients with T2DM participated in a 3-month mHealth intervention called MEssaging for Diabetes that leveraged a mobile communications platform. Participants received daily text messages addressing and assessing medication adherence, and weekly interactive automated calls with adherence feedback and questions for problem solving. Longitudinal repeated measures analyses assessed the relationship between participants' baseline characteristics and the probability of engaging with texts and calls. RESULTS On average, participants responded to 84.0% of texts and participated in 57.1% of calls. Compared to Whites, non-Whites had a 63% decreased relative odds (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.73) of participating in calls. In addition, lower health literacy was associated with a decreased odds of participating in calls (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.46-0.99, P = .04), whereas older age (Pnonlinear = .01) and more depressive symptoms (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.38-1.02, P = .059) trended toward a decreased odds of responding to texts. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic minorities, older adults, and persons with lower health literacy or more depressive symptoms appeared to be the least engaged in a mHealth intervention. To facilitate equitable intervention impact, future research should identify and address factors interfering with mHealth engagement.
Design and Analysis of a High-Selectivity Frequency-Selective Surface at 60 GHz

This work applies aperture-coupled resonators (ACRs) to realize a high-selectivity frequency-selective surface (FSS) at 60 GHz. In a generic ACR FSS, one or both of electrical and magnetic coupling paths can, theoretically, be constructed by appropriately designing coupling apertures. To investigate the operating principle of the ACR FSS, an equivalent-circuit model is first given and analyzed using the odd- and even-mode method. A novel ACR FSS structure with dominant electrical coupling is then proposed. This FSS consists of two crossed-dipole resonator arrays and one rectangular coupling aperture array in between. The constructed out-of-phase signal paths cause two transmission zeros (TZs) near the skirts of the narrow passband, thereby considerably enhancing the selectivity. Parametric study of the proposed ACR FSS was performed. Benefiting from the symmetric structure and low profile, the proposed FSS exhibits good angular stability and polarization stability. A prototype of the proposed ACR FSS at 60 GHz was fabricated and characterized experimentally. The measured results agree well with the full-wave and circuit simulated results, thus verifying the FSS design.
The XMM Large-Scale Structure survey: an initial sample of galaxy groups and clusters to a redshift z < 0.6★

We present X-ray and optical spectroscopic observations of 12 galaxy groups and clusters identified within the X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM) Large-Scale Structure (LSS) survey. Groups and clusters are selected as extended X-ray sources from a 3.5 deg 2 XMM image mosaic above a flux limit 8 × 10 −15 erg s −1 cm −2 in the [0.5‐2] keV energy band. Deep BVRI images and multi-object spectroscopy confirm each source as a galaxy concentration located within the redshift interval 0.29 < z < 0.56. We combine line-of-sight velocity dispersions with the X-ray properties of each structure computed from a two-dimensional surface brightness model and a single temperature fit to the XMM spectral data. The resulting distribution of X-ray luminosity, temperature and velocity dispersion indicate that the XMM‐LSS survey is detecting low-mass clusters and galaxy groups to redshifts z < 0.6. Confirmed systems display little or no evidence for X-ray luminosity evolution at a given X-ray temperature compared to lower-redshift X-ray group and cluster samples. A more complete understanding of these trends will be possible with the compilation of a statistically complete sample of galaxy groups and clusters anticipated within the continuing XMM‐LSS survey. Ke yw ords: surveys ‐ large-scale structure of Universe ‐ X-rays: galaxies: clusters.
Privacy-Preserving Classification of Horizontally Partitioned Data via Random Kernels

We propose a novel privacy-preserving nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) classifier for a data matrix A whose columns represent input space features and whose individual rows are divided into groups of rows. Each group of rows belongs to an entity that is unwilling to share its rows or make them public. Our classifier is based on the concept of a reduced kernel K(A,B) where B is the transpose of a completely random matrix B. The proposed classifier, which is public but does not reveal the privately-held data, has accuracy comparable to that of an ordinary SVM classifier based on the entire data.
PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN WAJIB PAJAK, KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN SANKSI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI YANG MELAKUKAN KEGIATAN BISNIS ONLINE DI PEKANBARU

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh pemahaman wajib pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi yang melakukan kegiatan bisnis online di Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi yang berada di Pekanbaru. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi yang melakukan kegiatan bisnis online yang berjumlah 100 responden dengan menggunakan metode convenience sampling. Serta teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial pemahaman wajib pajak tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi, sedangkan kesadaran wajib pajak dan sanksi pajak berpengaruh signifkan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi yang melakukan kegiatan bisnis online. Dan secara simultan, pemahaman wajib pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak dan sanksi pajak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi yang melakukan kegiatan bisnis online di Pekanbaru. Kata Kunci : Pemahaman Wajib Pajak, Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Sanksi Pajak, Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak.
Holiday travel, staycations, and subjective well-being

ABSTRACT The tourism industry thrives on the notion that holiday travel improves well-being. However, scientific evidence that holiday travel is more beneficial than spending free time at home is lacking. Using the Effort-Recovery and the Limited Resources model as theoretical basis, this study investigates whether workers behave, think, and feel differently during travel than during leisure time spent at home. In a five-week longitudinal field study, we followed 24 workers during free evenings after work, a free weekend at home, and on a free weekend of domestic travel. Within-person differences were investigated between these three occasions in behavior, cognition, and emotions. During travel, employees slept more, engaged more in physical and social activities and less in obligatory activities than during free evenings after work. Hedonic well-being was higher and ruminative thinking lower during travel than during free evenings after work. Physical distance from home and work was related to engagement in resource-providing rather than resource-consuming activities and seems to translate into mental distance from everyday worries. Differences between holiday travel and weekends at home were small. Still, the findings suggest that travel may provide feelings of remoteness in places with novel and fascinating qualities, free of chores.
Reusing a Statistical Language Model for Generation

A relatively self-contained subtask of natural language generation is sentence realization: the process of generating a grammatically correct sentence from an abstract semantic / logical representation. We propose a method where sentence realization is carried out using a simplified (context free) version of a large analysis grammar, combined with a statistical language model from the full (context sensitive) version of the same grammar. The statistical model provides a measure of the probability of syntactic substructures, derived from the analysis of a corpus with the full grammar, and is used to guide both subsequent analysis and generation.
The Nucleotide Exchange Factor Ric-8A Is a Chaperone for the Conformationally Dynamic Nucleotide-Free State of Gαi1

Heterotrimeric G protein α subunits are activated upon exchange of GDP for GTP at the nucleotide binding site of Gα, catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). In addition to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which act on G protein heterotrimers, members of the family cytosolic proteins typified by mammalian Ric-8A are GEFs for Gi/q/12/13-class Gα subunits. Ric-8A binds to Gα•GDP, resulting in the release of GDP. The Ric-8A complex with nucleotide-free Gαi1 is stable, but dissociates upon binding of GTP to Gαi1. To gain insight into the mechanism of Ric-8A-catalyzed GDP release from Gαi1, experiments were conducted to characterize the physical state of nucleotide-free Gαi1 (hereafter referred to as Gαi1[ ]) in solution, both as a monomeric species, and in the complex with Ric-8A. We found that Ric-8A-bound, nucleotide-free Gαi1 is more accessible to trypsinolysis than Gαi1•GDP, but less so than Gαi1[ ] alone. The TROSY-HSQC spectrum of [15N]Gαi1[ ] bound to Ric-8A shows considerable loss of peak intensity relative to that of [15N]Gαi1•GDP. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange in Gαi1[ ] bound to Ric-8A is 1.5-fold more extensive than in Gαi1•GDP. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that both Ric-8A and Gαi1•GDP undergo cooperative, irreversible unfolding transitions at 47° and 52°, respectively, while nucleotide-free Gαi1 shows a broad, weak transition near 35°. The unfolding transition for Ric-8A:Gαi1[ ] is complex, with a broad transition that peaks at 50°, suggesting that both Ric-8A and Gαi1[ ] are stabilized within the complex, relative to their respective free states. The C-terminus of Gαi1 is shown to be a critical binding element for Ric-8A, as is also the case for GPCRs, suggesting that the two types of GEF might promote nucleotide exchange by similar mechanisms, by acting as chaperones for the unstable and dynamic nucleotide-free state of Gα.
THE PROTEIN COATS OR "GHOSTS" OF COLI PHAGE T2

Phage coats or ghosts, composed entirely of protein, appear to be responsible for protecting the phage nucleic acid from degradation by factors in the surrounding medium; attachment of the virus to its susceptible host; and delivering the nucleic acid to the interior of the cell. In addition, the ghosts have a number of biological actions which resemble similar actions of the parent phage. Thus, they both "kill" cells, inhibit pentosenucleic acid formation, interfere with subsequent infection by other virus particles, block adaptive enzyme formation, induce or trigger lysis of the host, and cause a leakage of phosphorus-containing fragments from the cell. Results to date fail to demonstrate a direct involvement of the ghosts in the passage of genetic information to the progeny. Several of the above changes induced in the host cell following attachment of ghosts could be derived from an alteration in but a single metabolic reaction. The stoichiometry of the ghost-bacterial cell interaction is different from that of the parent phage. Experiments to distinguish between a variable response of the host cell to reaction at different sites and a state of heterogeneity in the ghost preparations suggest the former but they are not decisive.
Who consumes whole grains, and how much?

Regular consumption of whole grain foods has been associated with a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, reductions in cancer mortality at certain sites and an overall reduction in premature death. Although benefits are observed at relatively low levels of intake (between two and three servings per d), the consumption of whole grain foods in some Western countries is less than one serving per d. The main sources of whole grain are wholemeal and rye breads and whole grain breakfast cereals. Typical consumers of whole-grain foods tend to be older, from a high socio-economic group, are less likely to smoke and are more likely to exercise than non-consumers. Some of these attributes may contribute to the observed health benefits. However whole grain foods are an important source of a range of nutrients as part of a healthy eating plan. There is considerable scope for strategies to promote increased consumption of whole grain foods to reduce the risk of a variety of chronic diseases
Radio emission and nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic rays in the supernova SN 1993J

Aims. The extensive observations of the supernova SN 1993J at radio wavelengths make this object a unique target for the study of particle acceleration in a supernova shock. Methods. To describe the radio synchrotron emission we use a model that couples a semianalytic description of nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration with self-similar solutions for the hydrodynamics of the supernova expansion. The synchrotron emission, which is assumed to be produced by relativistic electrons propagating in the postshock plasma, is worked out from radiative transfer calculations that include the process of synchrotron self-absorption. The model is applied to explain the morphology of the radio emission deduced from high-resolution VLBI imaging observations and the measured time evolution of the total flux density at six frequencies. Results. Both the light curves and the morphology of the radio emission indicate that the magnetic field was strongly amplified in the blast wave region shortly after the explosion, possibly via the nonresonant regime of the cosmic-ray streaming instability operating in the shock precursor. The amplified magnetic field immediately upstream from the subshock is determined to be Bu ≈ 50(t/ 1d ay) −1 G. The turbulent magnetic field was not damped behind the shock but carried along by the plasma flow in the downstream region. Cosmicray protons were efficiently produced by diffusive shock acceleration at the blast wave. We find that during the first ∼8.5 years after the explosion, about 19% of the total energy processed by the forward shock was converted to cosmic-ray energy. However, the shock remained weakly modified by the cosmic-ray pressure. The high magnetic field amplification implies that protons were rapidly accelerated to energies well above 10 15 eV. The results obtained for this supernova support the scenario that massive stars exploding into their former stellar wind are a major source of Galactic cosmic-rays of energies above ∼10 15 eV. We also calculate the flux from SN 1993J of gamma-rays arising from collisions of accelerated cosmic rays with ambient material and the result suggests that type II supernovae could be detected in π 0 -decay gamma-rays with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope out to a maximum distance of
What is the Watchman Thinking about- Stay or Go? Examining Leadership Style and Organisational Commitment as Precursors of Turnover Intention of Private Security Employees

This study examined the effect of leadership style (transformational and transactional) on turnover intention of employees in Westec Security Systems Ghana Limited. The study was quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical in nature. Structured questionnaires was used for the data collection. Two hundred and fifty eight (258) questionnaires were returned by respondents out of 265 administered. The findings indicated a significant negative relationship between affective commitment and turnover intention (β= -.226, p<.001), continuance commitment and turnover intention (β= -.148, p < .01), and normative commitment and turnover intention (β= -.121, p < .001).
Requirement of Fission Yeast Cid14 in Polyadenylation of rRNAs

ABSTRACT Polyadenylation in eukaryotes is conventionally associated with increased nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNAs. In contrast, recent studies suggest that the Trf4 and Trf5 proteins, members of a widespread family of noncanonical poly(A) polymerases, share an essential function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that involves polyadenylation of nuclear RNAs as part of a pathway of exosome-mediated RNA turnover. Substrates for this pathway include aberrantly modified tRNAs and precursors of snoRNAs and rRNAs. Here we show that Cid14 is a Trf4/5 functional homolog in the distantly related fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Unlike trf4 trf5 double mutants, cells lacking Cid14 are viable, though they suffer an increased frequency of chromosome missegregation. The Cid14 protein is constitutively nucleolar and is required for normal nucleolar structure. A minor population of polyadenylated rRNAs was identified. These RNAs accumulated in an exosome mutant, and their presence was largely dependent on Cid14, in line with a role for Cid14 in rRNA degradation. Surprisingly, both fully processed 25S rRNA and rRNA processing intermediates appear to be channeled into this pathway. Our data suggest that additional substrates may include the mRNAs of genes involved in meiotic regulation. Polyadenylation-assisted nuclear RNA turnover is therefore likely to be a common eukaryotic mechanism affecting diverse biological processes.
A new measure of ∆ α / α at redshift z = 1 . 84 from very high resolution spectra of Q 1101 – 264 ⋆ ( Research Note )

Aims. We probe the evolution of the fine-structure constant α with cosmic time. Methods. Accurate positions of the Fe ii lines λ1608, λ2382, and λ2600 are measured in the zabs = 1.84 absorption system from a high-resolution (FWHM ∼ 3.8 km s ) and high signal-to-noise (S/N >∼ 100) spectrum of the quasar Q 1101–264 (zem = 2.15, V = 16.0), integrated for 15.4 hours. The Single Ion Differential α Measurement (SIDAM) procedure and the ∆χ 2 method are used to set constraints on ∆α/α . Results. We have found a relative radial velocity shift between the λ1608 and λλ2382, 2600 lines of ∆v = −180 ± 85 m s (both random and systematic errors are included), which, if real, would correspond to ∆α/α = (5.4 ± 2.5) × 10 (1σ C.L.). Considering the strong implications of a such variability, additional observations with comparable accuracy at redshift z ∼ 1.8 are required to confirm this result.
SALT III: An Experiential Exercise to Highlight the Interpersonal Dynamics Involved in the Negotiation Process

Much of a leaderâ€™s time is devoted to the negotiation process. He must negotiate with his superiors, his peers, and his subordinates at one time or another during his tenure with any organization. The negotiation process receives the most scrutiny in the area of collective bargaining but the process is much more generalizable. Thus, the ability to understand the interpersonal transactions that are inherent in the negotiation process becomes an important skill for managers at all levels.