Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity among Tabuk Citizens in Saudi Arabia

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is considered as the main cause of death worldwide. Identifying the links among CVDs risk factors can help decrease CVD-related deaths. Aim: To assess the prevalence of risk factors for CVD and their relationships among the Tabuk City population in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used; 432 participants in the Tabuk region were included in this study. Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was 5.6%, the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) was 11.1% and obesity and overweight together were 69.9%. Mean Body Mass Index (BMI), HTN, and DM increased with age. There was a correlation between BMI with HTN (r=.200, p<.001), BMI and DM (r=.149, p<.001) and DM and HTN (r=.366, p<.001). Conclusion: Public awareness may help in reducing the prevalence of CVD.
Katwarn, NInA, or FEMA? Multi-method Study on Distribution, Use, and Public Views on Crisis Apps

Crises, such as thunderstorms and an increasing number of (recognised) terroristic attacks in 2015, 2016, and 2017, do not only lead to extensive monetary damage, but also threaten human lives and influence citizens' perceptions of safety and security. In such situations, the population demands information about the damage and safe behaviour. Although some apps are available to provide this information, the number of users seems relatively low. Focussing on Germany, this study aims to research (1) the distribution of crisis apps in the population, (2) the kinds of crisis apps currently used, as well as (3) needed core functionalities of warning apps. This multi-method study analyses crisis apps by investigating their utilisation quantitatively in a snowball-based survey in Europe (n=1,034) and in a representative survey in Germany (n=1,369). Based on this, the German warning apps Katwarn and NINA and the US-American app FEMA are evaluated qualitatively (n=22). The results revealed requirements which informed the implementation of a warning app prototype. The prototype combines the identified advantages of the apps evaluated in the study, containing warnings and all-clear, recommendations for action, functions to contact friends and helpers. The contributions of this work are findings on the distribution of crisis apps in Europe and Germany (both 16%), the kinds of crisis apps used (mostly weather and warning apps), and empirically based requirements for warning apps which can be integrated in further developments of existing apps and a prototype for such an app.
Test-retest reliability of the KINARM end-point robot for assessment of sensory, motor and neurocognitive function in young adult athletes

Background Current assessment tools for sport-related concussion are limited by a reliance on subjective interpretation and patient symptom reporting. Robotic assessments may provide more objective and precise measures of neurological function than traditional clinical tests. Objective To determine the reliability of assessments of sensory, motor and cognitive function conducted with the KINARM end-point robotic device in young adult elite athletes. Methods Sixty-four randomly selected healthy, young adult elite athletes participated. Twenty-five individuals (25 M, mean age±SD, 20.2±2.1 years) participated in a within-season study, where three assessments were conducted within a single season (assessments labeled by session: S1, S2, S3). An additional 39 individuals (28M; 22.8±6.0 years) participated in a year-to-year study, where annual pre-season assessments were conducted for three consecutive seasons (assessments labeled by year: Y1, Y2, Y3). Forty-four parameters from five robotic tasks (Visually Guided Reaching, Position Matching, Object Hit, Object Hit and Avoid, and Trail Making B) and overall Task Scores describing performance on each task were quantified. Results Test-retest reliability was determined by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the first and second, and second and third assessments. In the within-season study, ICCs were ≥0.50 for 68% of parameters between S1 and S2, 80% of parameters between S2 and S3, and for three of the five Task Scores both between S1 and S2, and S2 and S3. In the year-to-year study, ICCs were ≥0.50 for 64% of parameters between Y1 and Y2, 82% of parameters between Y2 and Y3, and for four of the five Task Scores both between Y1 and Y2, and Y2 and Y3. Conclusions Overall, the results suggest moderate-to-good test-retest reliability for the majority of parameters measured by the KINARM robot in healthy young adult elite athletes. Future work will consider the potential use of this information for clinical assessment of concussion-related neurological deficits.
Arbitrary Style Transfer with Deep Feature Reshuffle

This paper introduces a novel method by reshuffling deep features (i.e., permuting the spacial locations of a feature map) of the style image for arbitrary style transfer. We theoretically prove that our new style loss based on reshuffle connects both global and local style losses respectively used by most parametric and non-parametric neural style transfer methods. This simple idea can effectively address the challenging issues in existing style transfer methods. On one hand, it can avoid distortions in local style patterns, and allow semantic-level transfer, compared with neural parametric methods. On the other hand, it can preserve globally similar appearance to the style image, and avoid wash-out artifacts, compared with neural non-parametric methods. Based on the proposed loss, we also present a progressive feature-domain optimization approach. The experiments show that our method is widely applicable to various styles, and produces better quality than existing methods.
Resonant van der Waals Repulsion between Excited Cs Atoms and Sapphire Surface

We explore a situation where the van der Waals long-range atom-surface interaction is repulsive. This repulsion originates in a resonant coupling between a virtual emission at 12.15 mm of a Cs 6D3 2 atom and a virtual excitation of a surface polariton in sapphire. The experimental evidence is based upon the analysis of the spectroscopic response of Cs* in the near-infrared range with a technique that probes a distance range 100 nm away from the sapphire surface. We also demonstrate the critical dependence of atom-surface forces on the sapphire crystal orientation.
The relationship between hospital volume and outcomes of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Volume-outcome relations have been established for several complex therapies. However, few studies have examined volume-outcome relations for high-risk procedures in general surgery, such as hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between hospital volume and outcome for patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING All acute-care hospitals in California. PATIENTS Hospital discharge data were analyzed for each patient in California who underwent major hepatic resection for HCC from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1994. Hospitals were grouped according to number of hepatectomies performed at each center during the 5-year study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures included operative mortality and length of hospital stay. Regression analyses were used to adjust for differences in patient mix. RESULTS Five hundred seven patients underwent hepatectomy for HCC during the study. Hepatic resections were performed in 138 hospitals, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 14.8%. Three quarters of patients were treated at hospitals that average 3 or fewer hepatic resections for HCC per year. These low-volume providers represent 97.1% of all hospitals treating patients with HCC statewide. Significant reductions in risk-adjusted operative mortality rates (22.7%-9.4%; P = .002, multiple logistic regression) and risk-adjusted length of stay (14.3-11.3 days; P = .03, multiple linear regression) were observed as hospital volume increased. CONCLUSIONS Low operative mortality and length of stay were associated with high-volume centers. These data support regionalization of high-risk procedures in general surgery, such as hepatectomy for HCC.
Overview of 75 years of Smittium research, establishing a new genus for Smittium culisetae, and prospects for future revisions of the ‘Smittium’ clade1

The Harpellales includes 38 genera of endosymbiotic microfungi associated with various Arthropoda. Smittium, the second genus to be described, is now also the most species rich of the order. Species of Smittium inhabit the digestive tracts of larval aquatic insects, especially lower Diptera, worldwide. During the 75 y since the type, Smittium arvernense, was described a number of advances in our understanding of the gut fungi have unfolded, in whole or in part, with Smittium as a model for the fungal trichomycetes. This in part relates to the high number of successful isolation attempts, with about 40% of known species having been cultured, a total number that far exceeds any other genus of gut fungus. Many isolates of Smittium have been used in laboratory studies for ultrastructural, physiological, host feeding, serological, as well as isozyme, and now ongoing molecular systematic studies. Molecular studies have shown that Smittium is polyphyletic but with consistent separation of Smittium culisetae, one of the most common and widespread species, from the remainder of Smittium. A brief overview of Smittium research is provided. Zygospore and trichospore morphology and molecular evidence (immunological, isozyme, DNA sequences and phyiogenetic analyses) are used to establish Zancudomyces and to accommodate Smittium culisetae. For the latter evidence, we include the first two-gene phylogenetic analysis, using combined 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequence data to show a cluster of Zancudomyces culisetae separate from Smittium. As the broadest taxon sampling of Smittium to date, this also serves a molecular systematic update toward revisionary syntheses of this and other Harpellales taxa.
p53 Mutations and c‐erbB‐2 Amplification in Intraductal and Invasive Breast Carcinomas of High Histologic Grade

In order to clarify the clinical significance of mutations of the p53 gene and amplification of the c‐erbB‐2 gene in breast carcinoma, these gene alterations were examined in 101 invasive, seven predominantly intraductal and 10 intraductal breast carcinomas by single‐strand conformation polymorphism‐direct sequencing or Southern blot‐hybridization analysis. p53 mutations were detected in 32 (32%) of the invasive cases and two (12%) of the 17 intraductal/predominantly intraductal cases, whereas c‐erbB‐2 amplification was detected in 14 (14%) of the invasive and six (35%) of the intraductal/predominantly intraductal cases. Irrespective of differences in the positions and types of the mutations, cases carrying p53 mutations were almost always Grade 3 histologically and with a low hormone‐receptor value. Since p53 mutations as well as c‐erbB‐2 amplification were detected almost selectively in Grade 3 cases but were not associated with lymph nodal status in invasive breast cancer, these two gene alterations could be indicators of prognosis of disease independent of lymph nodal status. Even in intraductal/predominantly intraductal carcinoma, these gene alterations were almost always detected in tumors of higher histologic grade. Thus, it is suggested that these gene alterations occur in breast cancers showing a high proliferation rate irrespective of the presence of invasion, and that other molecular alterations are involved in the process of breast cancer invasion.
‘Power’ is that which remains to be explained: Dispelling the ominous dark matter of critical planning studies

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the development of new theoretical and methodological resources for analysing power dynamics in planning studies. Our overarching aim is to demystify the concept of ‘power’ and what it purports to be describing, making those practices grouped under this label more tangible and, hence, also more readily contestable. Investigating how the effects we label as power are produced, instead of using ‘power’ as an all-covering explanation of societal events, demands a conceptualization of power as the outcome of social processes rather than as a causal variable behind them. An empirical study of a referendum regarding a major urban development in a Swedish suburban municipality illustrates how strong assumptions regarding the dominance of, for example, pre-existing powerful actor-constellations or purely economic relations are not always very helpful, highlighting the need for more acute attentiveness to the micro-physics of power.
The figurative and polysemous nature of collocations and their place in ELT

There is little guidance on how to teach different meaning senses of collocations as most pedagogical materials treat collocations as word partners which co-occur together. However, if we consider meaning, collocations fall into three categories. Literal collocations are combinations where the literal meanings of the words are simply added together. Figurative collocations have idiomatic meanings which are not derivable from the component words. Duplex collocations are polysemous, having both literal and figurative meanings. This exploratory study analysed 54 collocations and found that even though the majority of the collocations appeared to be literal, a substantial percentage had both literal and figurative meanings, and relatively few seemed to be solely figurative. We discuss the teaching implications of this, depending on whether the most important collocational characteristic is a pattern of co-occurrence or of meaning. Overall, we argue that considering meaning can bring useful insights to the nature of collocations and how to teach them.
PHYTOCHEMICAL, CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY AND SAFETY EVALUATIONS OF THE METHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA L.IN RATS

In Ethiopia the control of fertility is based on the folk use of numerous traditional antifertility plants that has been practiced for many years. Achyranthes aspera is one of the plants that is used for this purpose. The efficacy and safety of many of such plants, however, have not been verified. The present study was conducted to carry out phytochemical, contraceptive efficacy on some indicators for anti-fertility activities and safety evaluations of crude extracts of Achyranthes aspera. The anti-fertility activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera was determined by the number of implantation sites in both horns of uterus and the number of litters after completion of one gestation period in rats. The effect of the extract on the length of estrous cycle and the weights of ovary and uterus/100g of body weight of the animal was also evaluated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of known anti-fertility principles such as phytosteroids, polyphenols and saponins. The methanolic leaf extract reduced significantly (p< 0.05) the number of litters and implantation sites in rats. The extract prolonged estrous cycle, estrous and metestrous phases (p < 0.05) of rats. The weight of ovary was reduced, but that of uterus was increased (p < 0.05). The oral LD50 of the extract was found to be 9.7 g/kg in mice. The present study hinted that the methanolic extract has anti-fertility effect and is safe at the contraceptive doses.
Under pressure: an exploration of the module design experiences of academic staff employed in one UK university

Abstract This paper discusses some of the qualitative data obtained from a small number (23) of semi-structured interviews of academic staff who are involved in module design, and who are employed within one UK university. Analysing the interview transcripts produced eight main themes. One of these themes was the perceived pressures or constraints on design. Using verbatim responses given by the interviewees, a discussion of the data used to illustrate this theme compares the findings of this project with those from the existing literature.
Hepatitis E: A Literature Review

Abstract Hepatitis E is the fifth known form of human viral hepatitis. Although not very common in our clinical practice, the incidence in Western countries is increasing. Infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) may be related to acute illness, liver failure, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. HEV itself is an RNA virus, with eight described genotypes (HEV 1–8), four of which more commonly affect humans and have, thus, been better studied. Besides liver manifestations, genotype 3 is also related to extra-hepatic manifestations, such as neurological, renal and rheumatological. Evolution to chronic disease occurs especially in patients who underwent transplantation, have hematological malignancies requiring chemotherapy, or have infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. The diagnosis may be difficult because of the low availability of tests and due to low sensibility and specificity. The acute form of illness does not have to be treated, but the chronic one does. We present here a literature review of hepatitis E and the relation between chronic hepatitis E and transplantation.
Mass Mortalities Affecting Populations of the Yellow Clam Amarilladesma mactroides Along Its Geographic Range

ABSTRACT The yellow clam Amarilladesma mactroides (Deshayes, 1854) is considered a vulnerable species since the mid-1990s. Populations have experienced mass mortalities throughout their entire range of distribution (23–41°S) along exposed sandy beaches of Atlantic South America. Detrimental anthropogenic impacts have further contributed to failure of populations to make a recovery. To determine the factors involved in these events, density prior to a mortality event was calculated and live yellow clams encompassingmost of its geographic range distribution were analyzed histologically to describe parasites and pathologies. Moreover, moribund specimens were analyzed by molecular techniques to test for the presence of the virus OsHV-1. A mortality event was recorded after a maximum density of 127 clams/m2 was attained. No clear pattern was found between the prevalence and intensity of infection and localities, mortality events, or sampling season. Although OsHV-1 was not observed in any of the yellow clams tested, the possibility that another viral agent was implicated cannot be ruled out. The presence of bacteria of the genus Vibrio in combination with stress caused by a relatively high population density is suggested as the likely cause of these episodic mass mortalities.
Fully Automated Multi-Resolution Channels and Multithreaded Spectrum Allocation Protocol for IoT Based Sensor Nets

Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based sensor networks have gained unprecedented popularity in recent years and they become crucial for supporting high data rate real-time applications. For efficient data transmission within IoT networks, it is necessary that each IoT node learns and adapts itself to recent time/spectral characteristics of channels to maximize the throughput and perform channel swapping wherever required. Many researchers have proposed channel allocation and channel quality measurement protocols within multichannel sensor networks. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature available that proposes an automated and adaptive protocol that can learn and adapt according to changing channel characteristics in IoT network for achieving maximum data transmission and throughput. Therefore, this paper proposes a fully automated self-learning and adaptive protocol which can automatically transmit multiuser data by efficiently utilizing channel time/spectral characteristics. The proposed protocol is unique as it learns and adapts itself to the increasing network density based upon the network metrics. It also allows each node within IoT network to automatically detect the neighboring channel attributes so that they can swap channels to achieve maximum data transfer. This is accomplished by continuously extracting distinct features from the network topology. After extracting these features, the proposed protocol efficiently selects the best channel for an incoming node, provides the best channel utilization based upon its time/spectral attributes, and detects and allocates the unused spectrum of neighboring channels through multistage Gaussian radial basis function and multilayer perceptron-based nonlinear support vector machines classification model. Simulation results demonstrate the supremacy of the proposed protocol in terms of throughput, successful reporting probability, average blocking probability, fairness, and classification accuracy.
What Sets the Strength of the Middepth Stratification and Overturning Circulation in Eddying Ocean Models

Abstract The processes maintaining stratification in the oceanic middepth (between approximately 1000 and 3000 m) are explored using an eddy-resolving general circulation model composed of a two-hemisphere, semienclosed basin with a zonal reentrant channel in the southernmost eighth of the domain. The middepth region lies below the wind-driven main thermocline but above the diffusively driven abyssal ocean. Here, it is argued that middepth stratification is determined primarily in the model’s Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Competition between mean and eddy overturning in the channel leads to steeper isotherms and thus deeper stratification throughout the basin than would exist without the channel. Isotherms that outcrop only in the channel are nearly horizontal in the semienclosed portion of the domain, whereas isotherms that also outcrop in the Northern Hemisphere deviate from horizontal and are accompanied by geostrophically balanced meridional transport. A northern source of deep water (water with temp.