Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep Disturbances in Patients With Malignancy and Non-Malignancy

Objective: Aim of the study was to evaluate sleep quality in a small sample of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) comparing them with the patients under treatment in oncology department. Method: Forty-eight patients were included in the study, 22 of them were recruited from the oncology department (oncology patients: OnPs) and 26 from the gastroenterology department (gastroenterology patients: GEPs) at a university hospital. By senior psychology students, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were administered to the patients. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding anxiety and depression scores of the patients and their total sleep quality scores. Nevertheless, it has been found that GEPs had higher anxiety scores than OnPs. Conclusion: The regression analysis demonstrated that sleep quality scores are determined only by anxiety scores and that being an oncology or gastroenterology patients, being at a certain age, or gender have no effect on total sleep quality scores.
Tourist perceptions of souvenir authenticity: an exploration of selective tourist blogs

Authenticity is a well-researched concept in tourism studies and has been an important theme during the past decades. However, literature specifically concerning souvenir authenticity in the context of tourism is limited. Handicrafts were originally made to fulfil the needs of communities such as pottery for carrying water and storing food. With the advent of tourism, changes occurred in the functions and forms of artworks and artisans began to change their crafts based largely on tourists' expectations of what souvenirs should be. The current study examined travel blog posts to understand tourist perceptions of souvenir authenticity using constructivist grounded theory. Fourteen international travel blog posts between June 2007 and February 2012 were analysed. Bloggers from Canada, USA, and England blogged about their trips to Indonesia, Croatia, Brazil, Canada, Spain, Turkey, Russia, Italy, Senegal, France, Peru, USA, Belgium, and Argentina. Four themes emerged describing authenticity: (1) using local materials at the destination, (2) crafting by hand and produced locally by artist, (3) displaying artist's signature or hallmark, and (4) uniqueness costing more, but higher quality and better design. Further analysis illuminates that constructivist authenticity is subjectively based upon individual connection to an object, their social networks, preconceived notions, and cultural biases.
Under the influence? Drugs and the American work force.

Drug use in the workplace, its effect on performance and safety, and the role of workplace drug testing has received much attention in the popular press. But what do we actually know about this troubling issue? With an extensive and readable overview of the literature, the committee presents what we do know by examining the major issues: * The extent and severity of drug use on and off the job. * The strengths and weaknesses of methods for detecting drug use through standard drug tests. * The effect of drug use on behavior, including the results of both laboratory and field studies that have examined work-related behavior and worker productivity. * The effectiveness of interventions to deal with drug use, such as employee assistance programs, health promotion programs, and treatment programs for substance abuse. This volume will be of practical interest to human resource and employee assistance program managers, policymakers, and investigators.
On the mechanism of water vapour sorption from unsaturated atmospheres by ticks

The nascent salivary secretion of 41 partly dehydrated and unfed adult female Amblyomma variegatum, 5­8 months post-ecdysis, during water vapour uptake at 93.5 % relative humidity and 20 °C, had an osmolality of between 298.6 and 769.7 mosmol kg-1 (mean ± s.d. 470.3±85.8 mosmol kg-1). This range would allow water vapour uptake at relative humidities of approximately 98­99 %, but it would not suffice for lower relative humidities down to 80­85 %, the critical equilibrium humidity of A. variegatum. At this relative humidity (85 %), an osmolality of 9796 mosmol kg-1 is required for water vapour uptake. It is proposed that hydrophilic cuticle in the hypostome could play a role in water condensation and that the slightly hyperosmotic secretion of the agranular alveoli of the salivary glands might alter the water affinity at the adsorbing cuticle surface and release the adsorbed water. The water-enriched secretion would then be drawn into the mouth by the powerful suction of the pharynx. This hypothetical hydrophilic cuticle component of water vapour uptake in A. variegatum merits closer investigation. The sorption kinetics of A. variegatum support an additional 'osmotic' component of water vapour uptake at humidities near saturation. A nanolitre osmometer particularly suited to sample volumes smaller than 5 nl was developed. This device does not require the transfer of fluid after collection, and its measurement range is extended beyond the 5 osmol kg-1 that can be measured using commercial apparatus.
Importin β is transported to spindle poles during mitosis and regulates Ran-dependent spindle assembly factors in mammalian cells

Spatial control is a key issue in cell division. The Ran GTPase regulates several fundamental processes for cell life, largely acting through importin molecules. The best understood of these is protein import through the nuclear envelope in interphase, but roles in mitotic spindle assembly are also established. In mammalian cells, in which centrosomes are major spindle organizers, a link is emerging between the Ran network, centrosomes and spindle poles. Here, we show that, after nuclear envelope breakdown, importin β is transported to the spindle poles in mammalian cells. This localization is temporally regulated from prometaphase until anaphase, when importin β dissociates from poles and is recruited back around reforming nuclei. Importin β sediments with mitotic microtubules in vitro and its accumulation at poles requires microtubule integrity and dynamics in vivo. Furthermore, RNA interference-dependent inactivation of TPX2, the major Ran-dependent spindle organizer, abolishes importin β accumulation at poles. Importin β has a functional role in spindle pole organization, because overexpression yields mitotic spindles with abnormal, fragmented poles. Coexpression of TPX2 with importin β mitigates these abnormalities. Together, these results indicate that the balance between importins and spindle regulators of the TPX2 type is crucial for spindle formation. Targeting of TPX2/importin-β complexes to poles is a key aspect in Ran-dependent control of the mitotic apparatus in mammalian cells.
Developments in Measuring and Modeling Financial Volatility

This chapter considers spot variance path estimation from datasets of intraday high-frequency asset prices in the presence of diurnal (or intraday seasonal) variance patterns, jumps, leverage effects and microstructure noise. We rely on parametric and nonparametric methods. The estimated spot variance path can be used to extend an existing high-frequency jump test statistic, to detect arrival times of jumps and to obtain distributional characteristics of detected jumps. The effectiveness of our approach is explored through Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that sparse sampling for mitigating the impact of microstructure noise has an adverse effect on both spot variance estimation and jump detection. In our approach we can analyze high-frequency price observations that are contaminated with microstructure noise and rounding effects without the need for sparse sampling. An empirical illustration is presented for the intraday EUR/USD exchange rates. Our main finding is that fewer jumps are detected when sampling intervals increase.
Contracting Employee Involvement: An Analysis of Bargaining Over Employee Involvement Rules for a Societas Europaea

Following a slow start, the European Company (Societas Europaea—SE) has become a popular legal form amongst European firms. It is rendered attractive by corporate governance features such as the option of shareholders/managers and labour to design a firm-specific employee involvement regime. By analysing what has been settled for in such agreements, we investigate whether national mandatory employee involvement rules are efficient and which factors impede firm-specific bargained-for solutions.
Evolution of the hippocampus in reptiles and birds

Although the hippocampus is structurally quite different among reptiles, birds, and mammals, its function in spatial memory is said to be highly conserved. This is surprising, given that structural differences generally reflect functional differences. Here I review this enigma in some detail, identifying several evolutionary changes in hippocampal cytoarchitecture and connectivity. I recognize a lepidosaurid pattern of hippocampal organization (in lizards, snakes, and the tuatara Sphenodon) that differs substantially from the pattern of organization observed in the turtle/archosaur lineage, which includes crocodilians and birds. Although individual subdivisions of the hippocampus are difficult to homologize between these two patterns, both lack a clear homolog of the mammalian dentate gyrus. The strictly trilaminar organization of the ancestral amniote hippocampus was gradually lost in the lineage leading to birds, and birds expanded the system of intrahippocampal axon collaterals, relative to turtles and lizards. These expanded collateral axon branches resemble the extensive collaterals in CA3 of the mammalian hippocampus but probably evolved independently of them. Additional examples of convergent evolution between birds and mammals are the loss of direct inputs to the hippocampus from the primary olfactory cortex and the general expansion of telencephalic regions that communicate reciprocally with the hippocampus. Given this structural convergence, it seems likely that some similarities in the function of the hippocampus between birds and mammals, notably its role in the ability to remember many different locations without extensive training, likewise evolved convergently. The currently available data do not allow for a strong test of this hypothesis, but the hypothesis itself suggests some promising new research directions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:496–517, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple Functions within the Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA-3A Protein

ABSTRACT Two regions of the EBNA-3A protein of Epstein-Barr virus were shown to be capable of binding to the cell protein RBP-Jk (also known as CBF-1), a component of the Notch signaling pathway. Consistent with this binding, EBNA-3A inhibited reporter gene expression from plasmids containing RBP-Jk DNA binding sites within their promoters, including the Cp promoter. When EBNA-3A was linked to a GAL4 DNA binding domain, it repressed the activity of a promoter containing GAL4 binding sites at all plasmid concentrations tested. However, a deletion mutant of EBNA-3A lacking amino acids 100 to 364 showed a biphasic response in the GAL4 assay: it inhibited transcription at low DNA concentrations but activated it at high DNA concentrations. There appears to be a gene activation function within EBNA-3A that is masked in the full-length protein in this assay. Current models for EBNA-3 function have stressed transcription repression through binding to RBP-Jk, but we consider an alternative scheme in which the role of the binding of EBNA-3A, -3B, and -3C to RBP-Jk is to buffer the levels of active EBNA-3 protein. We have also found that the behavior of EBNA-3A in a cell fractionation procedure that distinguishes insoluble matrix from soluble cell fractions is modified by EBNA-LP, indicating a further novel level of interplay between the EBNA proteins.
The Impact of Controller Naturalness on Spatial Presence, Gamer Enjoyment, and Perceived Realism in a Tennis Simulation Video Game

The introduction and popularity of the Nintendo Wii home console has brought attention to the natural mapping motion capturing controller. Using a sample that identified sports as their most frequently played video games, a mental models approach was used to test the impact that perceived controller naturalness (traditional controller vs. natural mapping motion capturing controller) had on perceptions of spatial presence, realism, and enjoyment. The results showed that perceived video game realism is a predictor of spatial presence and enjoyment. Furthermore, the results supported predictions that controller naturalness would influence perceived video game realism of graphics and sound. Future research should investigate whether or not these controllers lead to greater presence and enjoyment in different genres of games (e.g., first-person shooters). In addition, future research should consider whether or not these controllers have the ability to prime violent mental models.
Long-term outcome of femoropopliteal stenting. Results of a prospective study.

AIM Aim of the study was to assess the long-term clinical results of primary stent placement in patients with femoro-popliteal lesions and intermittent claudication (IC) or critical limb ischemia (CLI). METHODS Prospectively collected data of 517 patients (543 limbs) treated for IC (N.=422; 77.5%) and CLI (N.=121; 22.5%), between September 2006 and December 2010 were evaluated. Survival, limb salvage and patency rates were analyzed and multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate possible risk factors for the development of restenosis. RESULTS Mean patients' age was 70.6 years (SD ±10); 64.8% of the patients (N.=335) were male. Angiography revealed TASC A or B lesions in 64.5% (N.=350), TASC C or D lesions in 35.5% (N.=193) of the patients. Two hundred thirty-two patients had evidence of occluded femoropopliteal artery (42.7%) and the remaining patients had evidence of high grade (>70%) stenosis. In total, 827 bare metal nitinol stents (1.53±0.9 per limb) were used. No early (<30-day) procedure-related death was recorded. After a mean follow-up period of 60 months (SD ±13.5), 69 patients died (13.4%). Eight (1.5%) patients underwent major amputation. The amputation rate was significantly higher in the CLI group compared to the IC group (P=0.03). Primary patency rates were 86.2%, 79.1%, 75.1% and 62.2% after 1, 2, 3 and 5 years, respectively. No difference in terms of patency rates was found between the results of the treatment of TASC A/B versus TASC C/D lesions and the patient groups with IC versus CLI. CONCLUSION The endovascular-first line treatment with use of nitinol stents for patients with femoropopliteal artery lesions is associated with acceptable long-term patency rates, even in patients with long lesions.
Of races to run and battles to be won: Technical skill updating, stress, and coping of IT professionals

The expectation on today's information technology (IT) professionals to remain technically competent constitutes a significant source of stress. We examine how IT professionals experience and cope with the threat of technical obsolescence. Interestingly, not all IT professionals consider technology change a threat to their technical competence; some viewed updating as enjoyable and pursued learning for its own sake. However, most viewed the relentless demand to update their technical skills as stressful and used a variety of coping strategies to address this threat. Using this cognitive approach to technical obsolescence, we describe implications for managerial practice and delineate a direction for future research. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Making global markets: Historical institutionalism in international political economy

ABSTRACT As dramatically evidenced by the global financial crisis, the interaction of domestic regulatory systems has significant international consequences. Nevertheless, these relationships have received only limited attention from international relations scholars. This special issue, therefore, provides a detailed examination of international market regulation – the processes through which the domestic regulatory activities of states and other actors set the effective rules of internationally-exposed markets. To this end, we borrow and extend on arguments developed by historical institutionalists in comparative politics and American political development. In particular, the contributions adapt two mechanisms – policy feedbacks and relative sequencing – to explain state and bureaucratic preferences over international market regulation as well as bargaining strength in relevant negotiations. In addition to contributing to central IPE debates about international economic governance, the individual contributions shed light on a number of important empirical domains such as corporate accounting, intellectual property, pharmaceuticals, hedge funds, and financial market standardization.
Characteristics of the client sectors of R&D services in Korea

Summary The Korean government has had difficulty in boosting the R&D services industry despite of the huge expectation for its potential benefits as a source of innovation facilitators. This paper argues that the initial key is not only in R&D service providers but also in R&D service client firms because the providers do not have a common ground in the outcome but rather in the function provided for diverse client firms. This paper categorizes manufacturing client sectors by their use of R&D services and investigates the behaviors of R&D services utilization by each sector group. As a result, it classifies client sectors into four groups, namely, new growth engine sectors, high‐technology‐ based key industrial sectors, traditional industrial sectors, and consumer‐goods sectors. The detailed characteristics of each group are determined by using a questionnaire survey. The study shows the need for a customized approach to R&D service development by client sectors.
Book Review: Regional Employment Relations at Work: The Illawarra Regional Workplace Industrial Relations Survey

perspectives––individual, organisational and societal––and provides the reader with varied analyses of the approaches used. The chapter on motivation discusses alternative theories and ends with a case study asking the reader to examine the applicability of the theories raised to an existing situation. In the chapter dealing with financial rewards and the links to performance, a more practical overview of the various reward systems and recent performance issues are offered. The following chapter on learning and development examines a range of learning options, with their theoretical linkages thoroughly explained. The last chapter in Part 3 reverts to a conceptual discussion of change management; in particular, integrating change with the HR concept. It provides a fitting conclusion to the section, emphasising the need for managers to be aware of both the direction and the process of change. The final part of the book deals with future developments in HR, and briefly reviews the preceding chapters. One advantage is that it includes an extensive glossary explaining a number of the terms and phrases used in the book. As an aid to students, the authors have provided a number of case studies and related questions throughout Human Resource Management in Australia to be used to assist in the developmental process. As noted earlier, this book differs from the traditional textbook approach of many of the competitors in the field. This is both an advantage and a disadvantage to potential users of the text, in that it provides a strong theoretical underpinning to the discipline, as well as an historical development in the Australian context which is lacking in much of the competition. But as a standard text, it could easily miss out on its (stated) intended market of undergraduate business students and MBA students, at least at the introductory HRM level. For students undertaking a more comprehensive study of the discipline, the book does have a number of advantages, especially in furthering understanding of strategic HR directions. For the average student studying HR as an additional unit with no further interest in pursuing studies in the discipline, the book would only have a limited appeal. Its role would be more as a supplementary reference tool. To conclude, the authors have provided an essential text for those interested in developing their knowledge and understanding of HRM in the Australian context. However, with many universities and colleges more interested in teaching the process of HRM (at least at the introductory level) than the theories and development of the discipline, this excellent book could well have a limited market in Australia.
Government bailouts and default risks of a duopoly: strong bank versus weak bank

A duopolistic loan market includes a strong bank without the problem of early closure that opts out of government bailouts and a weak bank with this problem that participates in the bailout programmes of distressed loan purchases and direct equity injections. A direct implication of our framework is that the strong bank’s equity will be priced as a standard call option, while the weak bank’s equity will be priced as a down-and-out call option. We find that an increase in either bailout (i.e. distressed loan purchases and direct equity injections) directly decreases the weak bank’s default risk but indirectly increases the strong bank’s default risk. Accordingly, either bailout contributes to banking stability since the indirect positive effect insufficiently offsets the direct negative effect, giving an overall negative response of default risks to an increase in either bailout. Higher competition by shifting to quasi-competition from collusion increases banking stability under either bailout. Our analysis suggests that competition is aligned with the regulatory objective of improving stability.
Bulat , Adrian and Tzimiropoulos , Georgios ( 2016 ) Convolutional aggregation of local evidence for large pose face alignment

Methods for unconstrained face alignment must satisfy two requirements: they must not rely on accurate initialisation/face detection and they should perform equally well for the whole spectrum of facial poses. To the best of our knowledge, there are no methods meeting these requirements to satisfactory extent, and in this paper, we propose Convolutional Aggregation of Local Evidence (CALE), a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture particularly designed for addressing both of them. In particular, to remove the requirement for accurate face detection, our system firstly performs facial part detection, providing confidence scores for the location of each of the facial landmarks (local evidence). Next, these score maps along with early CNN features are aggregated by our system through joint regression in order to refine the landmarks’ location. Besides playing the role of a graphical model, CNN regression is a key feature of our system, guiding the network to rely on context for predicting the location of occluded landmarks, typically encountered in very large poses. The whole system is trained end-to-end with intermediate supervision. When applied to AFLW-PIFA, the most challenging human face alignment test set to date, our method provides more than 50% gain in localisation accuracy when compared to other recently published methods for large pose face alignment. Going beyond human faces, we also demonstrate that CALE is effective in dealing with very large changes in shape and appearance, typically encountered in animal faces.