Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive Attention and Personality Variables in Patients with Frontal Lobe Damage

Executive Control is required to deal with novel situations or when an action plan is needed. This study aimed to highlight the executive attention deficits of patients with frontal lobe damage. To do so, the ANT-I task (Attention Network Test-Interactions) was administered for the first time to a group of 9 patients with frontal damage caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a matched control group. This task made it possible to measure the three attentional networks proposed by Posner and Dehaene (1994) and their interactions. Results on the alerting and orienting networks did not show any significant differences between the groups. However, a significant effect of group on the executive control network was observed. In addition, participants' personality was assessed with a clinical inventory (the Millon Personality Inventory) that showed a significant positive correlation between borderline personality disorder and the conflict index. These results suggest that frontal lobe damage causes an exclusive impairment in the conflict resolution network that is related to personality traits characterized by a lack of behavioral control. More research will be necessary to study this causal relationship. El sistema de control ejecutivo es requerido para resolver situaciones novedosas o que requieren de una planificación para su ejecución. Este estudio tiene como objetivo poner de manifiesto el déficit atencional ejecutivo específico que se presenta en pacientes con lesión cerebral frontal. Para ello, se administró la tarea ANT-I (Attention Network Test-Interactions), que mide las tres redes atencionales propuestas por Posner y Dehaene (1994) y las interacciones entre ellas, por primera vez, a un grupo de 9 pacientes con daño frontal tras traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) y a un grupo control emparejado. Los resultados mostraron que no hay diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en las redes de alerta y de orientación. Sin embargo, sí se encontró un efecto significativo de grupo en la red de control ejecutivo. Añadido a este resultado, se analizó la personalidad de los pacientes y se observó que el trastorno de personalidad límite correlacionaba positivamente con el índice de control ejecutivo. Estos datos sugieren que el daño en la corteza prefrontal produce una alteración exclusiva en la resolución de conflicto y que esto se relaciona con variables de personalidad caracterizadas por una ausencia de control conductual. No obstante, se requiere más investigación para estudiar esta relación causal.
The relationship of TP53 and GRIN2B gene polymorphisms with risk of occurrence and progression of primary open-angle glaucoma in a Polish population.

INTRODUCTION Glaucoma is characterized by optic neuropathy of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Retinal ganglian cell death may be mediated by apoptosis. TP53 is involved in this process. It can also be found that excitotoxicity contributes to apoptosis by excess stimulation of glutamate receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the TP53 (rs1042522) and GRIN2B (rs3764028) gene polymorphisms with risk of occurrence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population consisted of 186 patients and 188 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Analysis of the gene polymorphisms was performed using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Comparison of the distributions of genotypes and alleles of the rs1042522 and rs3764028 polymorphisms showed no statistically significant differences between POAG patients and controls (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant association of the rs1042522 polymorphism with progression of POAG depending on the retinal nerve fiber layer (p = 0.019). However, no significant differences between rs3764028 polymorphism and clinical parameters of POAG were observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The TP53 Arg72Pro and GRIN2B -421C/A gene polymorphisms were not associated with risk of occurrence of POAG in the Polish population. However, the Arg72Pro polymorphism of the TP53 gene may be related to progression of POAG.
Self-control at work: its relationship with contextual performance

Purpose – Individuals differ in their levels of self-control. Trait self-control has been found to relate positively to desirable and negatively to undesirable behaviors in contexts like physical health, academic performance, and criminality. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of trait self-control in work-settings. The authors distinguished between two types of self-control, stop-control (inhibitory control) and start-control (initiatory control), and tested their differential validity in predicting contextual performance. Design/methodology/approach – In two independent employee samples, stop-control, start-control, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), personal initiative, and proactive coping were measured. Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) was added in Study 2. Findings – Results showed that only start-control was positively related to OCB, personal initiative, and proactive coping. Both stop-control and start-control were negatively related to CWB. Research limitations/im.
A Multilevel Analysis of Relationships Between Leaders' and Subordinates' Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Outcomes

The present study examined relationships between leaders’ emotional intelligence (EI) and subordinates’ emotion and work attitudes and between leaders’ and subordinates’ EI and work outcomes. School directors and educators completed measures of EI, affect at work, job satisfaction, and burnout. A series of multilevel analyses found that leaders’ use of emotion was positively related to subordinates’ work emotionality and attitudes, whereas leaders’ emotion regulation and selfemotion appraisal were negatively related to subordinates’ emotion and work attitudes. Leaders’ and subordinates’ own EI was positively related to their own work emotionality and job satisfaction. These findings support a social interactionist perspective on emotions at work and a multilevel understanding of the effects of leaders’ emotions intrapersonally and interpersonally. jasp_750 1121.1144 Do leaders’ emotion-related skills influence employees’ emotions and psychological states, and if so, via what processes? Despite voices of skepticism (e.g., Conte, 2005), an evolving research literature in social and organizational psychology suggests that emotional intelligence (EI) skills are important for employees’ emotion-related processes and outcomes at different levels of management (Ashkanasy, Hartel, & Daus, 2002; Mayer, Roberts, & Barsade, 2008). Nevertheless, research on the effects of leaders’ emotional skills on employees’ emotions and work attitudes is limited (Bono, Foldes, Vinson, & Muros, 2007). The few existing studies examining such questions typically conclude that leaders’ overall EI is positively related to both leaders’ and subordinates’ well-being and performance at work (Sy, Tram, & O’Hara, 2006; Wong & Law, 2002).
FABP‐1 gene ablation impacts brain endocannabinoid system in male mice

Liver fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP1, L‐FABP) has high affinity for and enhances uptake of arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4, n‐6) which, when esterified to phospholipids, is the requisite precursor for synthesis of endocannabinoids (EC) such as arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG). The brain derives most of its ARA from plasma, taking up ARA and transporting it intracellularly via cytosolic fatty acid‐binding proteins (FABPs 3,5, and 7) localized within the brain. In contrast, the much more prevalent cytosolic FABP1 is not detectable in the brain but is instead highly expressed in the liver. Therefore, the possibility that FABP1 outside the central nervous system may regulate brain AEA and 2‐AG was examined in wild‐type (WT) and FABP1 null (LKO) male mice. LKO increased brain levels of AA‐containing EC (AEA, 2‐AG), correlating with increased free and total ARA in brain and serum. LKO also increased brain levels of non‐ARA that contain potentiating endocannabinoids (EC*) such as oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), PEA, 2‐OG, and 2‐PG. Concomitantly, LKO decreased serum total ARA‐containing EC, but not non‐ARA endocannabinoids. LKO did not elicit these changes in the brain EC and EC* as a result of compensatory up‐regulation of brain protein levels of enzymes in EC synthesis (NAPEPLD, DAGLα) or cytosolic EC chaperone proteins (FABPs 3, 5, 7, SCP‐2, HSP70), or cannabinoid receptors (CB1, TRVP1). These data show for the first time that the non‐CNS fatty acid‐binding protein FABP1 markedly affected brain levels of both ARA‐containing endocannabinoids (AEA, 2‐AG) as well as their non‐ARA potentiating endocannabinoids.
Transmastoid Middle Fossa Craniotomy Repair of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Using a Soft Tissue Graft

Objective: To describe the successful surgical treatment of 5 cases of superior semicircular canal dehiscence via a transmastoid middle fossa craniotomy using a soft tissue graft. Design: Case report. Setting: Private practice otologic referral center. Results: All patients have experienced reduction in auditory and vestibular symptoms. Pulsatile tinnitus and autophony are now absent in the operated ears. Chronic disequilibrium is subjectively improved. Patients with sound evoked eye movements no longer have sound sensitivity on the operated side. Head thrust testing indicates no obstruction of the operated superior canal in all patients with normal head thrust preoperatively. Audiometry is unchanged from preoperation, and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential thresholds have increased on the operated side in 4 of 4 patients. Three patients had dehiscence at the superior petrosal sinus inaccessible to standard middle fossa repair. All patients were discharged to home the morning after surgery. Conclusion: Transmastoid craniotomy repair of the superior semicircular canal dehiscence using a soft tissue graft offers numerous advantages over traditional surgical approaches and can be performed safely in the outpatient setting. The strategy is particularly useful in patients with dehiscence at the superior petrosal sinus. This article will review our strategy and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different surgical treatments used for patients with severe symptoms from superior canal dehiscence.
Accuracy of early rapid ultrasound in shock (RUSH) examination performed by emergency physician for diagnosis of shock etiology in critically ill patients

Background: Rapid Ultrasound in Shock (RUSH) is a recently reported emergency ultrasound protocol designed to help clinicians better recognize distinctive shock etiologies in a short time. We tried to evaluate the accuracy of early RUSH protocol performed by emergency physicians to predict the shock type in critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: Our prospective study was approved by the ethics committee of trauma research center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Iran. We enrolled 52 patients with shock state in the emergency department from April 2013 to October 2013. We performed early bed-side sonographic examination for participants based on RUSH protocol. Patients received all needed standard therapeutic and diagnostic interventions without delay and were followed to document their final diagnosis. Agreement (Kappa index) of initial impression provided by RUSH with final diagnosis, and also sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of RUSH for diagnosis of each shock type were calculated. Results: Fifty-two patients were enrolled in our study. Kappa index was 0.7 (P value = 0.000), reflecting acceptable general agreement between initial impression and final diagnosis. For hypovolemic and obstructive shocks, the protocol had sensitivity of 100% but had lower PPV. For shocks with distributive or mixed etiology, RUSH showed PPV of 100% but had low sensitivity. For cardiogenic shocks, all reliability indices were above 90%. Conclusion: We highlight the role of RUSH examination in the hands of an emergency physician in making a rapid diagnosis of shock etiology, especially in ruling out obstructive, cardiogenic, and hypovolemic types.
Teacher Candidates' Attitudes towards Inclusion Education and Comparison of Self-Compassion Levels.

This study has been figured for the purpose of comparing attitudes of teacher candidates’ toward inclusion education in terms of several variables and self-compassion levels. Sampling of the study consists of Grade 4 students of (547) Marmara University Ataturk, Faculty of Education and Faculty of Science and Letters. In this study, a personnel information questionnaire is used to collect the demographic data of the participants. Also, to measure participants’ attitudes towards inclusion “Attitudes” toward Mainstreaming Scale is used. Besides, to measure self-compassion levels, a SCS (Self-compassion Scale) developed by Neff (2003a) and adopted to Turkish
Legitimating Inequality: Fooling Most of the People All of the Time

Over the three decades leading up to the crisis of 2008, inequality dramatically increased in the United States and Great Britain. What stands out, but is seldom noted, is that this occurred within democracies where the relative losers -- the overwhelming majority -- could in principle have used the political system to block or reverse rising inequality. Why did they not do so? A glance at history reveals that peoples have only very infrequently contested inequality because they were led to believe that their inferior status in terms of income, wealth, and privilege was just, that it was not really so bad, or that it was necessary for their future wellbeing. Ideological systems legitimated a status quo of inequality, or in more modern times even increasing inequality. This article surveys the manner in which inequality has been historically legitimated, first predominantly by religion, then predominately by economic thought. Attention is then focused on the manner in which contemporary economic science and its popular interpretations in the media have served to legitimate inequality in the U.S. since the mid-1970s. The paper concludes with a reflection on the unique conditions that enable the legitimation of inequality to be delegitimated.
Relationship of circulating steroid hormones, luteal luteinizing hormone receptor and progesterone concentration, and embryonic mortality during early embryogenesis in the domestic cat.

Serum hormones, corpus luteum (CL) progesterone, and CL LH receptors were characterized and interrelated to ovarian follicle and CL number and preimplantation embryo quality/survival in the cat. Blood samples were collected from queens ovariohysterectomized at 64 (n = 7), 76 (n = 11), 100 (n = 8), 124 (n = 7), 148 (n = 6), or 480 (n = 8) h after first copulation (3-times-daily matings on Days 2 and 3 of estrus). Ovarian CL were enucleated, weighed, and bisected; one hemi-CL was assayed for progesterone and the other for LH receptors. Serum was assessed for estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. Serum estradiol-17 beta concentrations did not return (p > 0.05) to baseline approximately 20 pg/ml) until 124 h after first copulation, whereas serum progesterone began to increase (> 1 ng/ml) by 76 h, was elevated (p < 0.05) by 124 h, and continued to rise thereafter. Serum progesterone was highly correlated with CL mass and LH receptor and progesterone concentration (range, r = 0.69-0.82; p < 0.01). CL progesterone and LH receptor concentrations were similar (p > 0.05) at 64 and 76 h, and both increased (p < 0.05) at subsequent time intervals and were correlated closely (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). Although ovarian CL were distinct and well organized by 64 h, pronounced elevations in serum progesterone and CL LH receptors and progesterone did not occur until at least 36 h later. The rapid increase in serum progesterone concentrations between 100 and 148 h was related to accelerated LH receptor synthesis and CL progesterone production and not entirely to enhanced CL growth. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Canadians and Their Pasts

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION Canadians and their Pasts CHAPTER 1 History in Public CHAPTER 2 Everybody's Doing It CHAPTER 3 The Problem of Trust CHAPTER 4 Family History in a Globalizing World CHAPTER 5 Collective Remembering in Three Canadian Communities CHAPTER 6 Places and Pasts CHAPTER 7 Immigrants and Historical Memory CHAPTER 8 The Presence of the Past in International Perspective CONCLUSION Making History APPENDIX 1 Questionnaire APPENDIX 2 How We Did the Survey Contributors
Assessment of patients with intellectual disability using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to evaluate dental treatment tolerability.

BACKGROUND Patients with serious intellectual disability (ID) are occasionally unable to tolerate dental treatment when intravenous sedation or general anaesthesia (IVS/GA) is involved. In order to make a decision regarding the application of IVS/GA, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is useful. Therefore, in this study, a set of codes involved in dental problems were chosen from the ICF, and patients with ID who could tolerate dental treatments were compared with those who could not. METHODS From preliminary interviews of six patients with ID, 16 codes were chosen, and an objective five-rank scale was then constructed for use with all chosen codes. Forty-nine ID patients who visited the Okayama University Hospital for dental treatment between January and April 2003 were evaluated. Facility workers were interviewed according to the code set chosen. The participants were then divided into two subgroups depending on their tolerability of dental treatment. The results of these groups for all 16 codes were then compared. RESULTS Of the 49 patients interviewed, 23 were able to tolerate the dental treatment. In the 'Activities & Participation' section of the ICF, the tolerable group showed lower disability levels with regard to d110 Watching, d540 Dressing and d550 Eating. In other sections, there were no significant differences between the groups. The code set chosen in this study and the five-rank scales in each code were useful as they enabled easy interviewing. CONCLUSIONS The ICF was raised as a possibility for considering the application of IVS/GA for dental treatment on patients with ID. For clinical use of the ICF, it is recommended that significant codes should be selected and that the five-rank scale is used so that more objective results are obtained from interviews.
Cost-effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for the management of schizophrenia in the UK .

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic treatment sequences for the management of stable schizophrenia in the UK. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A Markov model was developed to assess the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained from 12 alternative treatment sequences each containing two of four atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone), followed by clozapine. The main model parameters were populated with data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study and a recent trial comparing aripiprazole with olanzapine. Patients enter the model with stable schizophrenia and may relapse, discontinue or continue and experience adverse events (AEs), or develop diabetes. Population mortality was adjusted for schizophrenia and diabetes. Utility decrements applied to stable schizophrenia, relapse, diabetes and treatment-related AEs were taken from a direct UK utility elicitation study. Resource use and unit costs were taken from published sources. A time horizon of 10 years was adopted. Results are based on 10,000 probabilistic iterations of the model. RESULTS Aripiprazole followed by risperidone produced the greatest number of QALYs, an additional 0.03 compared with risperidone followed by olanzapine, at an incremental cost of £257 (incremental cost/QALY: £9,440). Aripiprazole followed by risperidone had the greatest probability among evaluated sequences of being cost-effective at a threshold of >£10,000/QALY. All other strategies were dominated by at least one of these strategies. The impact of lower pricing for risperidone (based on generic availability) did not impact results. CONCLUSIONS Modelling the cost-effectiveness of different treatment sequences for stable schizophrenia is appropriate given that patients rarely remain on one treatment for long periods. The treatment sequence aripiprazole followed by risperidone was the most cost-effective option for patients with stable schizophrenia in the UK.
The status of implicit and explicit memory research: is a comprehensive theory of performance achievable?

The status of Implicit and Explicit memory research was examined from a predominantly cognitive perspective. Across ten experiments, predictions from three extant models were tested: Roediger and colleagues' Transfer Appropriate Processing (TAP) framework, Graf and Mandler's Dual Processing (DP) framework and Tulving's Serial, Parallel, Independent (SPI) model. The inclusion of Jacoby and colleagues' Process Dissociation Procedure supplemented analyses for Experiments 7 to 10. At study, participants performed one of several 'depth-of-processing' tasks. For tests employing conceptual cues, an advantage for 'deeper' encoding conditions was consistently observed, regardless of test instructions (implicit or explicit). Conversely, for tests employing perceptual cues, test instructions resulted in a dissociation in performance. Despite evidence supporting the phenomenon of 'conceptual automaticity', PDP estimates were indicative of 'contamination' by controlled processes on the implicit conceptual tests. Issues concerning the validity of the PDP estimates were subsequently raised. Comparisons of performance within 'equivalent' levels of encoding, resulted in greater consistency with implicit, relative to explicit instructions. Across the experiments, explanations included reference to 'involuntary conscious memory' and utilisation of a 'generate-recognise' strategy. In general, the TAP framework was less successful in accounting for performance than the DP and SPI models. The latter were viewed as complementary models that conjointly provided a sound framework for understanding
Self-Harm in Children under 14: A Comparison of Inpatients Who Self-Harm with Those Who Do Not

This study investigated characteristics and variables associated with self-harm in patients in a psychiatric unit which accepted children aged 7-13 years. It sought specifically to determine the role of emotion regulation as a motivation for self-harm in children. The study involved hypothesis driven examination of case files from 80 in patients admitted between 2003-8 to the Child and Family Therapy Unit (CFTU) at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Inpatients were selected, independent of the researchers, based on scores for HoNOSCA Item 3: ‘Non-accidental self-injury’. Forty inpatients (‘self-harm group’) had been scored on admission by inpatient staff as 2 (mild problem but definitely present), 3 (moderately severe problem) and 4 (severe to very severe problem). Forty inpatients (the ‘No self-harm comparison group’) had been scored 0 (No problem) or 1 (Minor problem requiring no action). Most common methods were ‘cutting’ and ‘head-banging’. The self-harm group differed from the comparison group in terms of family-related factors such as living situation, and psychological functioning as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), total HoNOSCA scores, and a history of sexual abuse. Our hypothesis that children engage in self-harm to regulate their emotions was not supported. Explanations for the findings and implications for research, intervention and prevention are discussed.