Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance the Partition Coefficient of Gd-dtpa Reflects Maintained Tissue Viability in a Canine Model of Chronic Significant Coronary Stenosis

Purpose. The underlying assumption in delayed enhancement or constant infusion techniques to detect infarcted myocardium is that the partition coefficient (l) of Gd-DTPA only increases in permanently damaged tissue. This assumption is supported in canine models of stunned and infarcted myocardium but has not been adequately tested in models of chronic, reversibly damaged tissue. Methods. A significant coronary stenosis was maintained for 3 (n = 9) or 10 (n = 4) weeks in a canine model. Myocardial perfusion was assessed using radioactively labeled microspheres, and Doppler flow was used to monitor the effect on flow caused by the stenosis formation. Function and in vivo l were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a constant infusion of Gd-DTPA. 201 Tl and 111 In-DTPA were used to assess ex vivo myocardial viability and l, respectively. Results. Baseline Doppler-measured blood flow through the left anterior descending coronary artery was reduced by 72.4 ± 1.6% (SEM) during the stenosis formation. However, shortly after creation of the stenosis and at sacrifice, regional myocardial blood flow at rest was not decreased in the Region at Risk (RAR) despite the persistence of the stenosis. Perfusion reserve in this model, measured using adenosine stress, was significantly reduced. The in vivo l values in the RAR and remote tissue ranged between 0.32 – 0.45 mL/g and 0.31 – 0.42 mL/g, respectively. 201 Tl uptake was maintained in all tissue, confirming the maintenance of tissue viability. Global function was unchanged while regional function was significantly depressed at 10 days but returned to baseline values by ORDER REPRINTS day 21. Conclusions. This study is consistent with the hypothesis that l is not increased in reversibly dysfunctional myocardium.
A Reexamination of MRD-Based Word Sense Disambiguation

This article reconsiders the task of MRD-based word sense disambiguation, in extending the basic Lesk algorithm to investigate the impact on WSD performance of different tokenization schemes and methods of definition extension. In experimentation over the Hinoki Sensebank and the Japanese Senseval-2 dictionary task, we demonstrate that sense-sensitive definition extension over hyponyms, hypernyms, and synonyms, combined with definition extension and word tokenization leads to WSD accuracy above both unsupervised and supervised baselines. In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of ontology induction and establish new opportunities for the development of baseline unsupervised WSD methods.
No-arbitrage pricing beyond semimartingales

We show how no-arbitrage pricing can be extended to some non-semimartingale models by restricting the class of admissible strategies. However, this restricted class is big enough to cover hedges for relevant options. Moreover, we show that the hedging prices depend essentially only on a path property of the stock price process, viz. on the quadratic variation. As a consequence, we can incorporate many stylized facts to a pricing model without changing the option prices.
Responses to Feedback: The Role of Acceptance, Affect, and Creative Behavior

The feedback literature has largely been developed under two divergent assumptions: individuals are either passive receivers or proactive seekers of feedback. We bridge these two literatures using affective events theory and expand understanding of the relationships between feedback delivered as part of a performance evaluation process and self-sought feedback (feedback seeking) by theorizing about feedback through a within-person, episodic lens while focusing on an important organizational behavioral outcome—creative behavior. We offer a dynamic theoretical and empirical account of how feedback acceptance and activating positive affect transmit the effects of supervisor developmental feedback and individuals’ self-sought feedback on creative behavior. We collected 10 days of data using experience sampling methodology to test our hypotheses with a multilevel model. Results revealed that supervisor developmental feedback and self-sought feedback from peers were positively related to feedback acceptance, which, in turn, related to activating positive affect and thereby creative behavior on a within-person basis. Finally, feedback acceptance and activating positive affect mediated the within-person association between feedback and creative behavior. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for better understanding how organizations formally shape individuals’ behavior and how individuals proactively supplement those attempts.
Comparative Analysis of the Macroscale Structural Connectivity in the Macaque and Human Brain

The macaque brain serves as a model for the human brain, but its suitability is challenged by unique human features, including connectivity reconfigurations, which emerged during primate evolution. We perform a quantitative comparative analysis of the whole brain macroscale structural connectivity of the two species. Our findings suggest that the human and macaque brain as a whole are similarly wired. A region-wise analysis reveals many interspecies similarities of connectivity patterns, but also lack thereof, primarily involving cingulate regions. We unravel a common structural backbone in both species involving a highly overlapping set of regions. This structural backbone, important for mediating information across the brain, seems to constitute a feature of the primate brain persevering evolution. Our findings illustrate novel evolutionary aspects at the macroscale connectivity level and offer a quantitative translational bridge between macaque and human research.
Two-Stage Processing of Sounds Explains Behavioral Performance Variations due to Changes in Stimulus Contrast and Selective Attention: An MEG Study

Selectively attending to task-relevant sounds whilst ignoring background noise is one of the most amazing feats performed by the human brain. Here, we studied the underlying neural mechanisms by recording magnetoencephalographic (MEG) responses of 14 healthy human subjects while they performed a near-threshold auditory discrimination task vs. a visual control task of similar difficulty. The auditory stimuli consisted of notch-filtered continuous noise masker sounds, and of 1020-Hz target tones occasionally () replacing 1000-Hz standard tones of 300-ms duration that were embedded at the center of the notches, the widths of which were parametrically varied. As a control for masker effects, tone-evoked responses were additionally recorded without masker sound. Selective attention to tones significantly increased the amplitude of the onset M100 response at 100 ms to the standard tones during presence of the masker sounds especially with notches narrower than the critical band. Further, attention modulated sustained response most clearly at 300–400 ms time range from sound onset, with narrower notches than in case of the M100, thus selectively reducing the masker-induced suppression of the tone-evoked response. Our results show evidence of a multiple-stage filtering mechanism of sensory input in the human auditory cortex: 1) one at early (100 ms) latencies bilaterally in posterior parts of the secondary auditory areas, and 2) adaptive filtering of attended sounds from task-irrelevant background masker at longer latency (300 ms) in more medial auditory cortical regions, predominantly in the left hemisphere, enhancing processing of near-threshold sounds.
The training-specific adaptations resulting from resistance training, gymnastics and plyometric training, and non-training in adolescent athletes

Although previous research has investigated the training-specific adaptations to training in adults, there is a paucity of research aimed at investigating these adaptations in adolescent athletes. As such, adolescent athletes’ training-specific adaptations from three different training interventions were investigated in this study. Sixteen adolescent athletes participated in this study, whereby eight performed both training interventions and eight the non-training control. Pre- and post-testing was performed for each intervention with the testing battery: ultrasonography of the vastus lateralis and lateral gastrocnemius, countermovement jump, squat jump, and isometric mid-thigh pull. The resistance training group had large significant increases in isometric mid-thigh pull relative peak force (p < 0.01, g = 0.85 (−0.01, 1.71)) and vastus lateralis fascicle length (p = 0.04, g = 0.94 (0.07, 1.80)). The gymnastics and plyometric group demonstrated large significant changes in vastus lateralis pennation angle (p = 0.03, g = −0.94 (−1.81, −0.08)) and fascicle length (p = 0.03, g = 1.07 (0.19, 1.95)), and moderate significant increases in lateral gastrocnemius thickness (p = 0.01, g = 0.63 (−0.21, 1.47)) and eccentric leg stiffness (p = 0.03, g = 0.60 (−0.24, 1.44)). No significant changes were observed for any variables in the non-training group. The resistance training evoked increases in lower-body force producing capabilities, whereas the gymnastics and plyometric training evoked changes in muscle structure and inherent muscle qualities.
Synchronization Acquisition Methods for DRM Systems

In this paper, we report DRM receiver synchronization methods at the acquisition stage. Synchronization process consists of robustness mode detection, coarse symbol timing estimation, coarse fractional carrier frequency offset estimation, integer carrier frequency offset estimation, and frame timing estimation. These detection and estimation methods exploit the characteristics of DRM signal structure and pilot cells. Their performance is assessed by simulation with DRM full link simulator and verified with DRM hardware platform based on FPGA.
An Infantile Case of Transient, Severe Hypercholesterolemia with Normalization after Complete Weaning from Breast-feeding

A 20-d-old boy was referred to our department because of hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal mass screening and diagnosed with neonatal transient hyperthyrotropinemia. A follow-up examination when the patient was 5 mo old revealed severe hypercholesterolemia. Familial hypercholesterolemia was first suspected because of the patient’s significantly high levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The parent’s serum lipid profiles were examined and found to be normal. He was completely breast-fed until 6 mo of age. Breast milk was still the main source of food for a period following weaning. At 14 mo old, the patient was weaned completely from breast milk, and his serum cholesterol levels decreased dramatically. According to the normal lipid profiles of the patient’s parents and the spontaneous normalization of serum cholesterol levels after complete weaning from breast milk, breast-feeding was suggested to be responsible for his transient severe hypercholesterolemia. It is well documented that breast-fed infants have higher serum cholesterol levels than formula-fed infants. However, there is no reported case with severe hypercholesterolemia equivalent to or higher than the levels observed in the case of familial hypercholesterolemia. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, it is necessary to consider that a small number of cases develop severe hypercholesterolemia related to breast-feeding.
A Short-Term, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Withdrawal Study of a Metabotropic Glutamate 2/3 Receptor Agonist Using an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Device in Patients With Schizophrenia

Abstract This 6-week, multicenter, randomized withdrawal, placebo-controlled trial sought to determine whether symptoms of physical dependence occur after abrupt cessation of pomaglumetad methionil (LY2140023 monohydrate), a metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonist, in patients with schizophrenia. Eligible outpatients, 18 to 65 years old who required a modification or initiation of antipsychotic medication received 4 weeks of pomaglumetad methionil during open-label treatment and then were randomized, double-blind, to continue pomaglumetad methionil or receive placebo for 2 weeks. The primary outcome compared results of the 3-day moving mean of the total score on the Discontinuation Symptom Checklist-Modified Rickels for pomaglumetad methionil-treated patients with those on placebo during the randomized withdrawal phase. An electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) device was used daily to record these results. During the withdrawal phase, 103 patients were randomized, and 98 patients completed the trial. There was no statistically significant evidence of withdrawal symptoms associated with placebo compared with pomaglumetad methionil continuation as measured by Discontinuation Symptom Checklist-Modified Rickels (P = 0.170). The results are supported by secondary analyses with the clinician-rated, Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale Revised, which showed no statistically significant differences between treatment groups. Using the ePRO device, 82.5% of the patients achieved 75% to 100% of compliance. No discontinuations due to worsening of schizophrenia, serious adverse events, deaths, or seizures were reported during either phase of the study. These findings suggest that there is no evidence of withdrawal symptoms associated with the abrupt discontinuation of pomaglumetad methionil and that an ePRO device can be successfully used in a multicenter schizophrenia trial.
Observation of Radio Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies with VERITAS

Radio galaxies are the only non-blazar extragalactic objects detected in the VHE (E >100 GeV) band. These objects enable the investigation of the main substructures of the AGN, in particular the core, the jet and its interaction with the intergalactic environment. Clusters of galaxies, instead, have not been detected by gamma-ray observatories. These objects are collections of up to thousands of galaxies and are the densest large-scale structures in the universe. Galaxy clusters consist of up to 85% dark matter, that could reveal its presence through self-annihilation and VHE gamma-ray emission. The observation of non-thermal diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters suggests the presence of accelerated particles and high magnetic fields that can also produce VHE emission. Results from the VERTIAS observations of radio galaxies and galaxy clusters will be presented.
Bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and osteomeatal complex during wellness and viral infection

Background Viral sinusitis can precede acute bacterial sinusitis, but the influence of viral infection on bacterial colonization is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the osteomeatal complex (OMC), nasal cavity, and nasopharynx in adults during wellness and viral upper respiratory illness (URI). Methods Subjects were recruited for the study during wellness and at the time of acute viral rhinosinusitis. Swab cultures were obtained from the OMC, nasal cavity, and the nasopharynx. Swab eluates were inoculated on selective agars to detect S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis. Results The study included 237 subjects, 100 adults with URI and 137 well adults. Positive culture results were found for any site in 70% (n = 70) of ill subjects and 64% (n = 88) of well subjects (p = 0.393). Of the 91 OMC cultures, positive cultures were over five times more likely to be found in ill subjects than in well subjects (31% versus 8%; p = 0.010). The nasal cavity cultures were positively statistically significant more often in ill subjects versus well subjects (39% versus 25%; p = 0.022). The overall nasopharyngeal cultures did not show a statistically significant difference (65% versus 60%; odds ratio, 1.2; p = 0.461). S. pneumoniae was positively cultured in at least one site in 15% of ill subjects and 31% of well subjects (p = 0.006). H. influenzae was positively cultured in at least one site in 45% of ill subjects and 31% of well subjects (p = 0.027). M. catarrhalis was positively cultured in at least one site in 42% of ill subjects and 27% of well subjects (p = 0.018). Conclusion This study defines the carriage rates of the three most common bacterial pathogens for acute sinusitis in the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and OMC during illness and in the healthy state.
Effect of inhaled steroids on lung function in young children: a cohort study

The objectives of the present study were to determine the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for treating recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) in young children up to 2 yrs of age and to assess possible modifying effects of ICS on lung function in young children with rBO. From an observational, noninterventional birth cohort of 3,754 newborn children (3,697 with complete questionnaire data by 2 yrs of age), 306 children with documented rBO by age 2 yrs (cases) were identified along with 306 matched controls. Two tidal flow/volume measurements were taken, one at presentation of disease (children were steroid naïve) and one at 2 yrs of age (mean age 11.2 and 25.6 months, respectively), from: 21 cases who subsequently received ICS (ICS+); 33 who did not (ICS−); and in 15 controls. The mean±sd duration of ICS treatment was 10.3±6.5 months. The main outcomes were treatment with ICS and baseline ratio of time to peak expiratory flow/total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE). From the entire cohort, 77 children (2.1%) and 21% of children with rBO had received ICS by 2 yrs of age. Baseline tPTEF/tE was significantly lower at the first visit only in ICS+ as compared to ICS− subjects, as well as in ICS+ and ICS- as compared to controls. The mean difference in baseline tPTEF/tE from first to second visit was borderline statistically significant in the ICS+ group only and correlated significantly with duration of ICS treatment. The present observational cohort study demonstrated that one-fifth of young children with recurrent bronchial obstruction had received inhaled corticosteroids. Early inhaled corticosteroid treatment improved lung function by age 2 yrs, mostly in those with the longest duration of treatment.
Calculating Acceptable Biological Catch for Stocks That Have Reliable Catch Data Only: Only Reliable Catch Stocks - Orcs

By: Jim Berkson, NMFS SEFSC Luiz Barbieri, Florida FWC Steve Cadrin, University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth Shannon Cass-Calay, NMFS SEFSC Paul Crone, NMFS SWFSC Martin Dorn, NMFS AFSC Claudia Friess, Ocean Conservancy Donald Kobayashi, NMFS PIFSC Thomas J. Miller, U. Maryland Ctr Environmental Science Wesley S. Patrick, NMFS OSF Sarah Pautzke, Western Pacific Fishery Management Council Stephen Ralston, NMFS SWFSC Michael Trianni, CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife
Corporate social reporting and reputation risk management

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the proposition that corporate social responsibility reporting could be viewed as both an outcome of, and part of reputation risk management processes. Design/methodology/approach - The paper draws heavily on management research. In addition, an image restoration framework is introduced. Findings - The concept of reputation risk management could assist in the understanding of corporate social responsibility reporting practice. Originality/value - This paper explores the link between reputation risk management and existing theorising in social accounting.
Domain adaptation by aligning locality preserving subspaces

The mismatch between the training data and the test data distributions is a challenging issue while designing many practical computer vision systems. In this paper, we propose a domain adaptation technique to tackle this issue. We are interested in a domain adaptation scenario where source domain has large amount of labeled examples and the target domain has large amount of unlabeled examples. We align the source domain subspace with the target domain subspace in order to reduce the mismatch between the two distributions. We model the subspace using Locality Preserving Projections (LPP). Unlike previous subspace alignment approaches, we introduce a strategy to effectively utilize the training labels in order to learn discriminative subspaces. We validate our domain adaptation approach by testing it on two different domains, i.e. handwritten and printed digit images. We compare our approach with other existing approaches and show the superiority of our method.
Financial Crises in Emerging Markets: The Lessons from 1995

In this paper we examine closely the financial events following the Mexican peso devaluation to uncover new lessons about the nature of financial crises. We explore the question of why, during 1995, some emerging markets were hit by financial crises while others were not. To this end, we ask whether there are some fundamentals that help explain the variation in financial crises across countries or whether the variation just reflects contagion. We present a simple model identifying three factors that determine whether a country is more vulnerable to suffer a financial crisis: a high real exchange rate appreciation, a recent lending boom, and low reserves. We find that for a set of 20 emerging markets, differences in these fundamentals go far in explaining why during 1995 some emerging markets were hit by financial crises while others were not. We also find that alternative hypotheses that have been put forth to explain such crises often do not seem to be supported by the data, such as high current account deficits, excessive capital inflows and loose fiscal policies.
CAPM Over the Long-Run: 1926-2001

A conditional one-factor model can account for the spread in the average returns of portfolios sorted by book-to-market ratios over the long run from 1926-2001. In contrast, earlier studies document strong evidence of a book-to-market effect using OLS regressions in the post-1963 sample. However, the betas of portfolios sorted by book-to-market ratios vary over time and in the presence of time-varying factor loadings, OLS inference produces inconsistent estimates of conditional alphas and betas. We show that under a conditional CAPM with time-varying betas, predictable market risk premia, and stochastic systematic volatility, there is little evidence that the conditional alpha for a book-to-market trading strategy is statistically different from zero.
Temporal-logics as query languages for dynamic Bayesian networks: application to D. melanogaster embryo development

This paper introduces novel techniques for exact and approximate inference in Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) based on algorithms, data structures, and formalisms from the field of model checking. Model checking comprises a family of techniques from for formally verifying systems of concurrent reactive processes. We discuss: i) the use of temporal logics as a query language for inference over DBNs; ii) translation of DBNs into probabilistic reactive modules; and iii) the use of symbolic data structures and algorithms for deciding complex stochastic temporal logic formulas. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these new algorithms by examining the behavior of an enhanced expression model of embryogenesis in D. melanogaster. In particular, we converted an existing deterministic developmental model over a one-dimensional arrays of cells into a stochastic model over a two dimensional array of cells. Our results confirm that the rules which govern the one-dimensional model also display wild-type expression patterns in the two-dimensional case within certain parameter bounds.