Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Program for Coping Methods to Improve Auditory Hallucinations Among Patients with Psychiatric Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Auditory hallucinations are hearing experiences that happen in the absenteeism of an external stimulus. When auditory hallucinations in the patients with a psychotic disorder happen, they affect their lives. Thankfully, many coping approaches that be used to challenge these voices and regain some control. Aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program on coping methods, to improve auditory hallucinations among patients with psychiatric disorders. A randomized control design was employed. Fifty patients were engaged. It was implemented at the inpatients of the Psychiatric Hospital in Beni-Suef, Egypt. A constructed interview schedule to collect data of socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales for Auditory Hallucination and Self-Management Strategies to Control the Auditory Hallucinations. The program contained 10 sessions. The means of cognitive, behavioral and physiological coping methods have increased among participants in the experimental group from before to follow up observations. The training program on coping methods was effective in improving auditory hallucinations among psychiatric patients. The most common was used behavioral coping methods. The nursing staff should apply training programs for patients with psychiatric disorders who suffer from auditory hallucinations and teach them how to use cognitive, behavioral and physical coping methods to deal with the hallucinations.
Combining user needs, lexicographic data and digital writing environments

The past decades have seen dramatic improvements to dictionary content and format. Yet dictionaries – both paper-based and digital – remain disappointingly underused. As a result, it is widely acknowledged that more needs to be done to train people in dictionary-consultation skills. Another solution would be to build lexicographic resources that require little or no instruction. In this paper, I present the ColloCaid project, whose aim is to develop a lexicographic tool that combines user needs, lexicographic data and digital writing environments to bring dictionaries to writers instead of waiting for them to get the information they need from dictionaries. Our focus is on helping writers produce more idiomatic texts by integrating lexicographic data on collocations into text editors in a way that does not distract them from their writing. A distinguishing characteristic of ColloCaid is that it is not limited to providing feedback on miscollocations. It also aims to ‘feed forward’, raising awareness of collocations writers may not remember or know how to look up. While our initial prototype is being developed specifically for academic English, the implications of our research can be broadened to other languages and usages beyond academic.
Arctic Oscillation responses to greenhouse warming and role of synoptic eddy feedback

[1] This study investigates possible changes in the leading mode over the Northern Hemisphere, representing the Arctic Oscillation (AO), in response to the projected increases in greenhouse gas concentrations. This is performed by comparing present-day and future patterns simulated by a relatively high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model. It is demonstrated that the dipole pattern associated with the AO distinctively shifts poleward in the future climate. The poleward shift is more pronounced over the Pacific region than over the Atlantic region. This change in the AO pattern is consistent with the change in the synoptic eddy feedback, estimated from the divergence of the eddy-vorticity flux, indicating a close linkage between the AO change and the change in the synoptic eddy feedback. Further analysis of changes in eddy feedback strength suggests a possible hypothesis that the poleward shift of the jet stream and storm tracks can make synoptic eddy feedback more effective over the higher latitudes, which in turn enhances the poleward shift of the AO mode.
When Do Groups Perform Better than Individuals? A Company Takeover Experiment

It is still an open question when groups perform better than individuals in intellectual tasks. We report that in a company takeover experiment, groups placed better bids than individuals and substantially reduced the winner’s curse. This improvement was mostly due to peer pressure over the minority opinion and to learning. Learning took place from interacting and negotiating consensus with others, not simply from observing their bids. When there was disagreement, what prevailed was not the best proposal but the one of the majority. Groups underperformed with respect to a “truth wins” benchmark although they outperformed individuals deciding in isolation.
Health and Safety Perception of Workers in Turkey: A Survey of Construction Sites

This study reports the general health and safety (HS) conditions in the Turkish construction industry from the perspective of construction labor. Toward this aim, a questionnaire survey was carried out with 800 workers employed in 32 construction projects in Turkey. Contractors were found to neglect their legal liabilities in paying workers’ insurance premiums. Also, they overlooked safety training and were reluctant to hiring physicians at construction sites and investing in personal protective equipment (PPE). As the real constructors of projects, workers did not attach adequate importance to occupational training. In addition, they were not willing to use some PPE. Key participants of HS affairs such as workers, contractors, unions, and government should comprehend their drawbacks to overcome the current dangerous view of the industry. In this regard, related government bodies should compel contractors and workers to adapt to the relatively new regulations on occupational HS.
A comparative study of coastal and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium having a versatile metabolic potential and great ecological and clinical significance. The geographical distribution of P. aeruginosahas revealed the existence of an unbiased genetic arrangement in terrestrial isolates. In contrast, there are very few reports about P. aeruginosa strains from marine environments. The present work was aimed at studying the distribution of P. aeruginosa in coastal waters along the Indian Peninsula and understanding the environmental influence on genotypic, metabolic and phenotypic characteristics by comparing marine and clinical isolates. Of the 785 marine isolates obtained on selective media, only 32 (~4.1%) were identified as P. aeruginosa, based on their fatty acid methyl ester profiles. A low Euclidian distance value (< 2.5) obtained from chemotaxonomic analysis suggested that all the environmental (coastal and marine) isolates originated from a single species. While UPGMA analyses of AP-PCR and phenotypic profiles separated the environmental and clinical isolates, fatty acid biotyping showed overlapping between most clinical and environmental isolates. Our study revealed the genetic diversity among different environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa. While biogeographical separation was not evident based solely on phenotypic and metabolic typing, genomic and metatranscriptomic studies are more likely to show differences between these isolates. Thus, newer and more insightful methods are required to understand the ecological distribution of this complex group of bacteria.
Enhanced Error Correction via Language Processing

There are two fundamental approaches for error correction. One approach is to add external redundancy to data. The other approach is to use the redundancy inside data, even if it is only the residual redundancy after a data compression algorithm. The first approach, namely error-correcting codes (ECCs), has been studied actively over the past seventy years. In this work, we explore the second approach, and show that it can substantially enhance the error-correction performance. There are good practical reasons to study the second approach. In data storage, including flash-memory systems, the amount of data institutions and individuals store keeps growing fast, and our dependency on stored data has never been higher. It is necessary to keep data highly reliable (ideally, never to be lost), so all means are needed for this goal. The two approaches – ECC and using internal redundancy – are compatible because the latter requires no change to the stored data. At normal times, the storage system can correct errors as usual using ECCs. But if errors exceed the correction capability of the ECC, – which is a rare but important event, – the second approach can be combined with ECC for a more powerful error correction performance. This way, a better balance between data reliability and average efficiency can be achieved. This work focuses on error correction of texts in English as a case study. (For an illustrative example, see the full paper of this work [2].) It proposes a scheme that combines languagebased decoding with ECC decoding. Both analysis and experimental results are presented, and in particular, we have tested its experimental performance in a flash memory testbed under highly practical settings. The tested ECCs are LDPC codes, a family of capacity-approaching codes important for memories, and our results show that language-based decoding can very significantly enhance the error correction performance of LDPC codes by providing useful soft information. This work is a continuation of Shannon’s well known 1951 paper on the entropy of the English language. It is also related to our prior work [3], where a decoding algorithm by dynamic programming was used. The work here is new in several significant ways. First, its decoding is based on new algorithms and techniques, which achieves faster decoding speed and more robust decoding performance. Second, it uses soft decoding instead of hard decoding, with a clear
How Students Learn using MOOCs: An Eye-tracking Insight

We present the results of an eye-tracking study on a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) lecture showing the relation between gaze variables and students’ performance and learning strategy. 40 students watched a MOOC lecture while their eye-movements were being recorded. We present a method to define stimuli-based gaze variables that can be defined for any kind of stimulus. The advantage of using stimuli-based gaze variables is that the relation of the gaze indicators with performance measures and behavioral measures can be interpreted differently for different kinds of stimulus. MOOCs are very diverse in nature; having such a variable description enables the researchers to have a common measure for the different kind of stimulus present in different MOOCs. The long-term goal is to create student profiles based on their performance and learning strategy using stimuli-based gaze variables and to provide the students with gaze-aware feedback to improve the overall learning process.
Desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and attention: Cognitive-emotional and working memory dynamics of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices

Background: The prefrontal cortices play an essential role in cognitive-emotional and working memory processes through interactions with multiple brain regions. Methods: This article further develops a unified neural architecture that explains many recent and classical data about prefrontal function and makes testable predictions. Results: Prefrontal properties of desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and feature-based attention are explained. These properties arise through interactions of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral prefrontal, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices with the inferotemporal cortex, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortices; ventral bank of the principal sulcus, ventral prearcuate gyrus, frontal eye fields, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and visual cortical areas V1, V2, V3A, V4, middle temporal cortex, medial superior temporal area, lateral intraparietal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Model explanations also include how the value of visual objects and events is computed, which objects and events cause desired consequences and which may be ignored as predictively irrelevant, and how to plan and act to realise these consequences, including how to selectively filter expected versus unexpected events, leading to movements towards, and conscious perception of, expected events. Modelled processes include reinforcement learning and incentive motivational learning; object and spatial working memory dynamics; and category learning, including the learning of object categories, value categories, object-value categories, and sequence categories, or list chunks. Conclusion: This article hereby proposes a unified neural theory of prefrontal cortex and its functions.
Cationic antimicrobial peptides serve as activation signals for the Salmonella Typhimurium PhoPQ and PmrAB regulons in vitro and in vivo

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium uses two-component regulatory systems (TCRSs) to respond to environmental stimuli. Upon infection, the TCRSs PhoP-PhoQ (PhoPQ) and PmrA-PmrB (PmrAB) are activated by environmental signals detected in the lumen of the intestine and within host cells. TCRS-mediated gene expression leads to upregulation of genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification and cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance. This research expands on previous studies which have shown that CAMPs can activate Salmonella TCRSs in vitro. The focus of this work was to determine if CAMPs can act as environmental signals for PhoPQ- and PmrAB-mediated gene expression in vitro, during infection of macrophages and in a mouse model of infection. Monitoring of PhoPQ and PmrAB activation using recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (RIVET), alkaline phosphtase and β-galactosidase reporter fusion constructs demonstrated that S. Typhimurium PhoQ can sense CAMPs in vitro. In mouse macrophages, the cathelecidin CRAMP does not activate the PhoPQ regulon. Acidification of the Salmonella-containing vacuole activates PhoP- and PmrA-regulated loci but blocking acidification still does not reveal a role for CRAMP in TCRS activation in mouse macrophages. However, assays performed in susceptible wild type (WT), CRAMP knockout (KO), and matrilysin (a metalloproteinase necessary for activating murine α-defensins) KO mice suggest CRAMP, but not α-defensins, serve as a putative direct TCRS activation signal in the mouse intestine. These studies provide a better understanding of the in vivo environments that result in activation of these virulence-associated TCRSs.
Best linear unbiased estimator approach for time-of-arrival based localisation

A common technique for source localisation is to utilise the time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements between the source and several spatially separated sensors. The TOA information defines a set of circular equations from which the source position can be calculated with the knowledge of the sensor positions. Apart from nonlinear optimisation, least squares calibration (LSC) and linear least squares (LLS) are two computationally simple positioning alternatives which reorganise the circular equations into a unique and non-unique set of linear equations, respectively. As the LSC and LLS algorithms employ standard least squares (LS), an obvious improvement is to utilise weighted LS estimation. In the paper, it is proved that the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) version of the LLS algorithm will give identical estimation performance as long as the linear equations correspond to the independent set. The equivalence of the BLUE-LLS approach and the BLUE variant of the LSC method is analysed. Simulation results are also included to show the comparative performance of the BLUE-LSC, BLUE-LLS, LSC, LLS and constrained weighted LSC methods with Crame-r-Rao lower bound.
Étude des étapes précoces du cycle de réplication du virus d'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 dans les cellules trophoblastiques: vers une compréhension de la transmission materno-foetale

More than two million children under fifteen years of age are currently living with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) worldwide and 90% of these infections are associated with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of this retrovirus. Women, particularly those of child-bearing age, are highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection. In spite of available antiretroviral treatments to prevent MTCT, only a minority of infected women have access to these treatments. Hence, vertical transmission of HIV-1 is an alarming public health issue for both current and future generations. One of the postulated models for how HIV-1 is transmitted by the mother is foetal contamination. However, the mechanisms underlying such an event are poorly understood. In particular, the process whereby HIV-1 may directly infect trophoblasts, the structural cells of the placenta, is unknown. In this thesis, we have studied the early events associated with HIV-1 life cycle in trophoblasts, the first step towards infecting a target cell. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism whereby HIV-1 infects trophoblasts is unusual for this retrovirus. Upon contact with these cells, HIV-1 is rapidly and massively endocytosed. We have tracked the step-by-step movements of incoming particles and found that HIV-1 traffics primarily towards late endosomes, via Rab5 and Rab7. Surprisingly, although this transit leads to the degradation of the majority of the internalized virions, it is necessary for HIV-1 to establish a productive infection in these cells. In addition, we found that endocytosis of HIV-1 in these placental cells relies on a clathrin-, caveolaeand dynamin-independent pathway that requires free membrane cholesterol. Finally, viral entry occurs in the absence of the viral envelope glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, suggesting that HIV-1 undergoes fusion within the endosomes via the host cell machinery. Collectively, the data presented in this thesis describe a novel infection pathway for HIV-1. An understanding of this unique process is essential if we are to learn how to control MTCT and/or find alternate solutions to existing antiretroviral drugs.
Nothing Works? A Meta-Review of Indigenous Sentencing Court Evaluations

Abstract Indigenous-focused criminal justice programs are usually evaluated and studied without an adherence to, or acknowledgement of, Indigenous epistemologies, axiologies and ontologies. Indeed, many of the evaluations conducted of Australian Indigenous sentencing courts have relied on quantitative analyses of reoffending, finding little or no impact on recidivism, despite there being some evidence, derived mainly from qualitative analyses, that they have had an impact on strengthening informal social controls within Indigenous communities. This article uses published evaluations and impact studies of Indigenous sentencing courts as a case study to gain a better understanding of how these courts have been evaluated and researched, and how the methodological approaches used to study the courts may not properly capture the Indigenous-focused and community-building aims and goals of the programs. Employing a meta-review approach, the article examines why research that evaluates Indigenous-focused criminal justice programs should rethink how evaluations are framed and conducted when trying to determine ‘what works’.
Strategy and Structure: A Learning Perspective and Analysis

This paper integrates the strategy and structure constructs using organizational learning theory. Learning theory is refined by arraying strategic and structure constructs along a path dependent, concatenated, continuum that is congruent with the original model of strategy and structure originally proposed by Chandler. The model also enhances methodological rigor by increasing congruence between theory and statistic application. Findings indicate that a single construct of strategy and structure can be employed effectively in management research.
Other Tongues at Work: Foreign Language Accommodation in Multilingual Organizations in the U.S.

ABSTRACT Foreign language minorities are a ubiquitous part of the 21st century workforce, yet they are underrepresented in the diversity management literature. What little is known about workplace foreign language use tends to emphasize nonnatives’ challenging experiences. This research investigates whether natives' experiences with and reactions to foreign languages further elucidate the workplace integration difficulties nonnatives face. Drawing on social identity theory and communication accommodation theory, this study documents the types of foreign language encounter native workers experience in the United States, and how they react to situations where they don't understand what is being said around them. Participants' recollections of and responses to a foreign language experience were solicited through critical incident methodology. Participants' narratives (n = 157) reveal that natives experience a foreign language at work with internal and external constituents, and that these encounters are task-related or social. Natives' reactions suggest 4 types of communication accommodation orientations toward foreign language use (i.e., enforced monolingualism, conditional monolingualism, functional multilingualism, and proactive multilingualism), ranging from conservative to proactive. The authors conclude with implications for research and managerial practice.
Cav1.1 controls frequency-dependent events regulating adult skeletal muscle plasticity

Summary An important pending question in neuromuscular biology is how skeletal muscle cells decipher the stimulation pattern coming from motoneurons to define their phenotype as slow or fast twitch muscle fibers. We have previously shown that voltage-gated L-type calcium channel (Cav1.1) acts as a voltage sensor for activation of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3]-dependent Ca2+ signals that regulates gene expression. ATP released by muscle cells after electrical stimulation through pannexin-1 channels plays a key role in this process. We show now that stimulation frequency determines both ATP release and Ins(1,4,5)P3 production in adult skeletal muscle and that Cav1.1 and pannexin-1 colocalize in the transverse tubules. Both ATP release and increased Ins(1,4,5)P3 was seen in flexor digitorum brevis fibers stimulated with 270 pulses at 20 Hz, but not at 90 Hz. 20 Hz stimulation induced transcriptional changes related to fast-to-slow muscle fiber phenotype transition that required ATP release. Addition of 30 µM ATP to fibers induced the same transcriptional changes observed after 20 Hz stimulation. Myotubes lacking the Cav1.1-&agr;1 subunit released almost no ATP after electrical stimulation, showing that Cav1.1 has a central role in this process. In adult muscle fibers, ATP release and the transcriptional changes produced by 20 Hz stimulation were blocked by both the Cav1.1 antagonist nifedipine (25 µM) and by the Cav1.1 agonist (-)S-BayK 8644 (10 µM). We propose a new role for Cav1.1, independent of its calcium channel activity, in the activation of signaling pathways allowing muscle fibers to decipher the frequency of electrical stimulation and to activate specific transcriptional programs that define their phenotype.