Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Involvement of organic anion-transporting polypeptides in the hepatic uptake of dioscin in rat and human

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China (A.Z., C.W., Q.L., Q.M., J.P., H.S., X.M., X.H., K.L) Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, China (C.W., Q.L., Q.M., J.P., H.S., X.M., K.L) Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (J.P., X.M., K.L) DMD Fast Forward. Published on February 8, 2013 as doi:10.1124/dmd.112. 049452
ViDE: A Vision-Based Approach for Deep Web Data Extraction

Deep Web contents are accessed by queries submitted to Web databases and the returned data records are enwrapped in dynamically generated Web pages (they will be called deep Web pages in this paper). Extracting structured data from deep Web pages is a challenging problem due to the underlying intricate structures of such pages. Until now, a large number of techniques have been proposed to address this problem, but all of them have inherent limitations because they are Web-page-programming-language-dependent. As the popular two-dimensional media, the contents on Web pages are always displayed regularly for users to browse. This motivates us to seek a different way for deep Web data extraction to overcome the limitations of previous works by utilizing some interesting common visual features on the deep Web pages. In this paper, a novel vision-based approach that is Web-page-programming-language-independent is proposed. This approach primarily utilizes the visual features on the deep Web pages to implement deep Web data extraction, including data record extraction and data item extraction. We also propose a new evaluation measure revision to capture the amount of human effort needed to produce perfect extraction. Our experiments on a large set of Web databases show that the proposed vision-based approach is highly effective for deep Web data extraction.
How long do structures take to form in transpression zones? A cautionary tale from California

It is generally assumed that individual sets of coplanar and colinear deformation structures form together during events that are of relatively short duration (1–5 m.y.). The record of deformation in a sequence of Late Cretaceous to Holocene sedimentary rocks from the northern Salinian block of California spans at least 30 m.y. and illustrates that this assumption is sometimes incorrect. At different localities, geometrically and kinematically identical contractional structures either predate or postdate local unconformities of varying age within the succession, so that it is possible to define at least four chronologically distinct, but otherwise indistinguishable, deformation episodes. In the absence of the unconformities, the punctuated nature of the deformation would not be apparent, therefore suggesting that subparallel structures may form during successive, distinct deformations spread out over long time periods. In the northern Salinian block, the inferred contractional strain field is approximately normal to the adjacent San Andreas fault and appears to have been consistently oriented in this direction during deformation events recorded over the past 30–45 m.y. The strain pattern is most easily explained by efficient partitioning of transpressional strains into fault-normal shortening and right-lateral faulting during episodic regional deformations. We propose that reactivation of preexisting structural anisotropies controls the observed partitioning of deformation in many transpression zones.
Synergy of cell–cell repulsion and vacuolation in a computational model of lumen formation

A key step in blood vessel development (angiogenesis) is lumen formation: the hollowing of vessels for blood perfusion. Two alternative lumen formation mechanisms are suggested to function in different types of blood vessels. The vacuolation mechanism is suggested for lumen formation in small vessels by coalescence of intracellular vacuoles, a view that was extended to extracellular lumen formation by exocytosis of vacuoles. The cell–cell repulsion mechanism is suggested to initiate extracellular lumen formation in large vessels by active repulsion of adjacent cells, and active cell shape changes extend the lumen. We used an agent-based computer model, based on the cellular Potts model, to compare and study both mechanisms separately and combined. An extensive sensitivity analysis shows that each of the mechanisms on its own can produce lumens in a narrow region of parameter space. However, combining both mechanisms makes lumen formation much more robust to the values of the parameters, suggesting that the mechanisms may work synergistically and operate in parallel, rather than in different vessel types.
Shape of the BMI-Mortality Association by Cause of Death, Using Generalized Additive Models

Objectives: Numerous studies have examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality. The precise shape of their association, however, has not been established. We use nonparametric methods to determine the relationship between BMI and mortality. Method: Data from the National Health Interview Survey-Linked Mortality Files 1986-2006 for adults aged 50 to 80 are analyzed using a Poisson approach to survival modeling within the generalized additive model (GAM) framework. Results: The BMI-mortality association is more V shaped than U shaped, with the odds of dying rising steeply from the lowest risk point at BMIs of 23 to 26. The association varies considerably by time since interview and cause of death. For instance, the association has an inverted J shape for respiratory causes but is monotonically increasing for diabetes deaths. Discussion: Our findings have implications for interpreting results from BMI-mortality studies and suggest caution in translating the findings into public health messages.
The postcranial skeleton, phylogenetic position, and probable lifestyle of the Early Triassic reptile Procolophon trigoniceps

A morphological study of the postcranial skeleton of Procolophon trigoniceps from the Lower Triassic of South Africa and Antarctica is undertaken. Procolophon shares a sister-group relationship with the procolophonid Tichvinskia from the Lower Triassic of Russia and is a basal member of Procolophonidae. This clade also includes the enigmatic taxon Sclerosaurus, believed most recently to be a pareiasaur relative. Owenettids form a separate lineage from Procolophonidae and are predominantly restricted to the Permian of both South Africa and Madagascar. A phylogenetically based assessment is considered, in which specialized modern taxa (sand lizards) are compared to their nonfossorial sister clade, allowing for "key innovations" to be identified. A similar comparison between owenettids and procolophonids reveals a number of apparent "key innovations" within procolophonids that are suggestive of a burrowing lifestyle for Procolophon.
Clinical utility of a de‐functioning loop ileostomy

Background: The de‐functioning loop ileostomy was introduced as a technique to create a manageable stoma that would divert the faecal stream from a more distal anastomosis in order to reduce the consequences of any anastomotic leakage. The value of de‐functioning stomas is currently being challenged. The purpose of the present study was to review the clinical utility of performing a de‐functioning loop ileostomy in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Incidence and characteristics of angioedema associated with enalapril.

BACKGROUND Angioedema is a rare but potentially serious adverse event of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. However, no prospective, controlled studies have reported on its incidence and clinical characteristics. METHODS We studied the occurrence of angioedema in a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of 12 557 persons with hypertension treated with enalapril maleate, 5 to 40 mg/d, using a prospective ascertainment and adjudication of angioedema by an expert committee. RESULTS Angioedema occurred in 86 (0.68%) of the subjects. Stepwise logistic regression identified black race (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-4.82), history of drug rash (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.80-7.92), age greater than 65 years (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.02-2.53), and seasonal allergies (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.06-3.00) as independent risk factors for angioedema. The incidence of angioedema was higher after initiation of therapy (3.6/1000 patients per month) and declined to 0.4/1000 patients per month. Treatment was not given in 44 (51%) of the cases; antihistamines were administered in 35 (41%); corticosteroids, in 20 (23%); and epinephrine, in 1 (1%). Two patients were hospitalized but none had airway compromise. CONCLUSIONS Enalapril-related angioedema is uncommon. Although it is most likely to occur early after initiation of therapy, it may occur at any time. It is more likely to occur in black patients, those older than 65 years, and those with a history of drug rash or seasonal allergies. Fatal angioedema or angioedema requiring airway protection did not occur in this study.
Child Activity Recognition Based on Cooperative Fusion Model of a Triaxial Accelerometer and a Barometric Pressure Sensor

This paper presents a child activity recognition approach using a single 3-axis accelerometer and a barometric pressure sensor worn on a waist of the body to prevent child accidents such as unintentional injuries at home. Labeled accelerometer data are collected from children of both sexes up to the age of 16 to 29 months. To recognize daily activities, mean, standard deviation, and slope of time-domain features are calculated over sliding windows. In addition, the FFT analysis is adopted to extract frequency-domain features of the aggregated data, and then energy and correlation of acceleration data are calculated. Child activities are classified into 11 daily activities which are wiggling, rolling, standing still, standing up, sitting down, walking, toddling, crawling, climbing up, climbing down, and stopping. The overall accuracy of activity recognition was 98.43% using only a single- wearable triaxial accelerometer sensor and a barometric pressure sensor with a support vector machine.
Spatial Distributions and Seasonal Variations of Tropospheric Water Vapor Content over the Tibetan Plateau

AbstractSpatial distributions and seasonal variations of tropospheric water vapor over the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas are explored by means of water vapor products from the high-resolution Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board the Aqua satellite and the NASA Water Vapor Project (NVAP). Because NVAP has a serious temporal inhomogeneity issue found in previous studies, the AIRS retrieval product is primarily applied here, though similar seasonal variations can be derived in both datasets. Intense horizontal gradients appear along the edges of the plateau in the lower-tropospheric (500–700 hPa) water vapor and columnar precipitable water, in particular over the regions along the southeastern boundary. Rich horizontal structures are also seen within the plateau, but with a weaker gradient. In the mid- to upper troposphere (300–500 hPa), horizontal gradients are relatively weak. It is shown that there is always a deep layer of high water vapor content over the plateau with a peak around 5.
A super bubble detected by dense GPS network at east Asian longitudes

A post sunset bubble manifested by total electron content depletion was observed at midlatitudes (∼30°–34°N, ∼130°–134°E) during the main phase of a storm on 12 February 2000. With loss of lock and the rate of the total electron content index maps, the bubble was seen to bifurcate at its early growth phase. The upward drift speed was observed ∼300 m/s at ∼2150 km, and decreasing with increasing altitude and time. The bubble had unusually large latitudinal extension reaching midlatitude of 36.5°N (31.5°N magnetic latitude), indicating an apex height of ∼2500 km. In process of the evolution, the bubble drifted eastward at a speed of ∼50 m/s. The F region peak height and density obtained by a meridional ionosonde chain suggested a prompt penetrating magnetospheric electric field helped to trigger the super bubble.
Effects of Piper nigrum extracts: Restorative perspectives of high-fat diet-induced changes on lipid profile, body composition, and hormones in Sprague–Dawley rats

Abstract Context: Piper nigrum Linn (Piperaceae) (PnL) is used in traditional medicine to treat gastric ailments, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Objective: The present study explores the possible protective effects of P. nigrum extracts on high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Materials and methods: High-fat diet-induced obese rats were treated orally with 200 mg/kg bw of different extracts (hexane, ethylacetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts) of PnL for 42 d. The effects of PnL extracts on body composition, insulin resistance, biochemical parameters, leptin, adiponectin, lipid profile, liver marker enzymes, and antioxidants were studied. Results and discussion: The HFD control group rats showed a substantial raise in body weight (472.8 ± 9.3 g), fat% (20.8 ± 0.6%), and fat-free mass (165.9 ± 2.4 g) when compared with normal control rats whose body weight, fat%, and fat-free mass were 314.3 ± 4.4 g, 6.4 ± 1.4%, and 133.8 ± 2.2 g, respectively. Oral administration of ethyl acetate or aqueous extracts of PnL markedly reduced the body weight, fat%, and fat-free mass of HFD-fed rats. In contrast to the normal control group, a profound increase in plasma glucose, insulin resistance, lipid profile, leptin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and the activities of lipase and liver marker enzymes, and a decrease in adiponectin and antioxidant enzymes were noted in HFD control rats. Administration of PnL extracts to HFD-induced obese rats significantly (p < 0.05) restored the above profiles. Conclusion: PnL extracts significantly reduced the body weight, fat%, and ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and its constituents.
The contribution of color to visual memory in normal and color deficient observers

We used a recognition memory paradigm to assess the influence of color information on visual memory for color images of natural scenes. During the presentation phase 48 images of natural scenes were presented on a CRT for exposure durations between 50 and 1000 msec followed by a random noise mask. Half of the images were presented in color and half in black & white. In the subsequent query phase the same 48 images were intermixed with 48 new images and the subjects had to indicate which of the images they had already seen during the presentation phase. We found that performance increased with exposure duration. However, independent of exposure duration subjects performed 510% better for colored than for black & white images, even for exposure durations as short as 50 msec. This effect cannot be due to contrast differences in the images since a second experiment showed little effect of contrast once the images were suprathreshold. Further experiments showed that performance worsened when images were presented in color and tested in black & white, or vice versa. Performance was not impaired for a comparison group of 31 color deficient observers (17 protanopes and 14 deuteranopes), whose recognition performance was also better for colored than for black & white images. We conclude that color information plays an important role in the early and fast processing of visual images. Both sensory and cognitive factors seem to contribute to the superior recognition of color images. Finally, color-deficient observers appear to be able to compensate for their reduced chromatic information range when viewing and analyzing complex scenes. Felix Wichmann is at the Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK. Ted Sharpe is at the Forschungsstelle für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universität Tübingen Röntgenweg 11, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. Part of this work was presented at the annual meeting of ARVO (Wichmann & Gegenfurtner, 1995) and at ECVP (Gegenfurtner et al., 1995). We thank Jeremy Nathans (The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) for performing the molecular genetic analysis of our dichromatic observers. Supported by DFG (Bonn) Grants SFB 325 (B13) and by the Heisenberg-Programme. Technical Report No. 25 February 1996 This document is available as /pub/mpi-memos/TR-025.ps via anonymous ftp from ftp.mpik-tueb.mpg. de or from the World Wide Web, http://www.mpik-tueb.mpg. de/projects/TechReport/list.html.
MYELOPEROXIDASE GENE EXPRESSION IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA

The FAB classification of acute leukaemias is based on the light microscopic detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in blast cells. Cases with MPO activity in >3% of blasts are classified as acute myeloid leukaemia. We describe two cases of acute leukaemia in which the blast cells had lymphoid morphology, ultrastructure, immunophenotype and molecular rearrangements, but expressed significant levels of the MPO gene (MPO mRNA) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), in the absence of translation to protein. Both cases presented a short remission duration. We discuss the incidence, features and outcome of MPO mRNA positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).
Knowledge, practices and attitudes towards adverse drug reaction reporting by private practitioners from klang valley in malaysia.

BACKGROUND The study aimed to determine current status of knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among private practitioners in Klang region of Malaysia. METHODS A total of 238 private practitioners in Klang valley were distributed a questionnaire consisting of seven questions, two knowledge-related, two practice-related and three attitude-related. Each favourable and unfavourable response was given a score of 1 and 0 respectively. Total score of 70% or more for each domain was considered "satisfactory" whereas less than 70% as "unsatisfactory". RESULTS One hundred forty-five participants completed questionnaire. Knowledge assessment showed 83.4% responses stating that ADR reporting helps to identify safe drugs and 91.7% responded that it measures ADR incidence. Regarding practices, 76.6% respondents were willing to report only if confident that reaction is an ADR. Regarding attitudes, 81.9%, 66.9% and 23.5% participants showed complacency, ignorance, and indifference respectively. Unsatisfactory knowledge, practices, and attitudes were observed in 57.2%, 56.6%, and 73.1% respondents respectively. Satisfactory knowledge was significantly higher in respondent with higher qualification with odds ratio of 2.96 with 95% confidence interval of 1.48-5.93. CONCLUSION The study showed unsatisfactory level of knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards ADR reporting among high proportion of private practitioners in Klang valley, Malaysia.
The Xanthomonas campestris Type III Effector XopJ Proteolytically Degrades Proteasome Subunit RPT61[OPEN]

A type III effector from Xanthomonas acts as a protease that interferes with proteasome-mediated turnover of defense signaling components. Many animal and plant pathogenic bacteria inject type III effector (T3E) proteins into their eukaryotic host cells to suppress immunity. The Yersinia outer protein J (YopJ) family of T3Es is a widely distributed family of effector proteins found in both animal and plant pathogens, and its members are highly diversified in virulence functions. Some members have been shown to possess acetyltransferase activity; however, whether this is a general feature of YopJ family T3Es is currently unknown. The T3E Xanthomonas outer protein J (XopJ), a YopJ family effector from the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria, interacts with the proteasomal subunit Regulatory Particle AAA-ATPase6 (RPT6) in planta to suppress proteasome activity, resulting in the inhibition of salicylic acid-related immune responses. Here, we show that XopJ has protease activity to specifically degrade RPT6, leading to reduced proteasome activity in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. Proteolytic degradation of RPT6 was dependent on the localization of XopJ to the plasma membrane as well as on its catalytic triad. Mutation of the Walker B motif of RPT6 prevented XopJ-mediated degradation of the protein but not XopJ interaction. This indicates that the interaction of RPT6 with XopJ is dependent on the ATP-binding activity of RPT6, but proteolytic cleavage additionally requires its ATPase activity. Inhibition of the proteasome impairs the proteasomal turnover of Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related1 (NPR1), the master regulator of salicylic acid responses, leading to the accumulation of ubiquitinated NPR1, which likely interferes with the full induction of NPR1 target genes. Our results show that YopJ family T3Es are not only highly diversified in virulence function but also appear to possess different biochemical activities.
Tumor Obstructive Hydrocephalus Treated with Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Cameroon

The goal of this work was to report on a series of preoperative endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) performed for obstructive hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa tumors. Eight patients underwent preoperative ETV prior to tumor biopsy or removal for obstructive hydrocephalus related to posterior fossa tumors. All patients underwent surgery in two steps; ETV followed a week later by tumor resection. Clinical, radiological and outcome data were retrospectively reviewed. Eight patients (6 males, 2 females) aged between 8 and 45 years (mean age 24.62 years) suffering from obstructive hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa tumors had ETV prior to tumor removal or biopsy. Five patients were adults while 3 were under 18 years. All patients complained of headaches, seven presented with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure or visual disturbances and four had vomiting or cerebellar disturbance. Computed tomography scan was done in all patients and magnetic resonance imaging in five. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 4 cases and partial removal or biopsy in the remaining 4. ETV was successful in 7 (87.50%) cases but failed in one. Two patients experienced intraoperative transitory bradycardia. Two postoperative complications occurred (one meningitis and one CSF leak). No death related to procedures occurred. The histological diagnosis were as follows: ependymoma (3), medulloblastoma (3), astrocytoma grade II (1) and pineoblastoma (1). Hospital stay ranged from 9 to 21 days (mean, 12.71 days). Follow up range was 4 months to 78.4 months (0.33 to 6.53 years; mean, 46.11 months (3.84 years); median, 41.2 months (3.43 years).