Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achieving the millennium development goals for health: Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies to combat malaria in developing countries

hospital clinics. The tests recommended for patients whose lipids are within the population reference range are justified in patients who are being assessed for lipid lowering treatment on the basis of having additional coronary risk factors and risk factors. Both of these recommendations have a strong evidence base. The use of (at least) two tests before treatment with a cholesterol lowering drug is started is justified physiologically by the intra-individual variability of cholesterol measurements. 12 13 The monitoring intervals are arbitrary and are based on the assumption that treatment should be titrated to a target. The evidence for monitoring cholesterol concentrations and alanine aminotransferase activity is weak. The incidence of true drug induced hepatotoxicity in patients taking lipid lowering drugs is unknown, and few cases have occurred in large scale randomised trials. Post-marketing surveillance data indicate that one case of liver failure occurs in a million person years of use, but this assumes accurate disease reporting and correct attribution of a causal relation with drug treatment. The incidence of raised transaminases ( > 3 times upper limit of normal) was greater in the placebo arms of the randomised clinical trials than in the treatment arms, and further examination of reported cases is needed to identify the true incidence of hepatotoxicity and the merits of alanine aminotransferase monitoring. Similarly, it is not possible to conclude whether the thresholds of three times upper limit of normal (alanine aminotransferase) or five times upper limit of normal (creatine kinase) constitute adequate evidence based thresholds for discontinuing lipid lowering treatment and whether stopping lipid lowering treatment in some of these patients may cause more harm than good.
CCHCR1 Interacts Specifically with the E2 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 on a Surface Overlapping BRD4 Binding

The Human Papillomavirus E2 proteins are key regulators of the viral life cycle, whose functions are commonly mediated through protein-protein interactions with the host cell proteome. We identified an interaction between E2 and a cellular protein called CCHCR1, which proved highly specific for the HPV16 genotype, the most prevalent in HPV-associated cancers. Further characterization of the interaction revealed that CCHCR1 binds the N-terminal alpha helices of HPV16 E2 N-terminal domain. On this domain, the CCHCR1 binding interface overlaps that of BRD4, a key mediator of E2 transcriptional activity. Consequently a physical competition occurs between the two proteins for the binding to HPV16 E2, and CCHCR1 interferes with BRD4-mediated enhancement of E2-dependent transcription. In addition, we showed that the interaction with CCHCR1 induced a massive redistribution of HPV16 E2, from a predominantly nuclear to a cytoplasmic localization in dot-like structures, where E2 perfectly co-localizes with CCHCR1. Such a cytoplasmic docking likely interferes with the nuclear functions of HPV16 E2. Upon co-expression of BRD4 and CCHCR1, E2 accumulates both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, indicating that for HPV16, both sub-cellular localization and transcriptional functions of E2 may depend on the proportion of both factors within the cell. We provided evidence of a strong induction of the keratinocyte differentiation marker K10 by HPV16 E2, and showed that this activation is compromised by the interaction with CCHCR1. The specific interaction described here could thus impact on the pathogenesis of HPV16. We propose that it could underlie some specific traits of HPV16 infection, such as an enhanced propensity to give rise to lesions evolving toward cancer.
Rubus idaeus extract suppresses migration and invasion of human oral cancer by inhibiting MMP‐2 through modulation of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway

Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) have been extensively studies worldwide because of their beneficial effects on health. Recently reports indicate that crude extracts of Rubus idaeus (RIE) have antioxidant and anticancer ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of its antimetastatic ability in oral cancer cells. In this study, SCC‐9 and SAS oral cancer cells were subjected to a treatment with RIE and then analyzed the effect of RIE on migration and invasion. The addition of RIE inhibited the migration and invasion ability of oral cancer cells. Real time PCR, western blot and zymography analysis demonstrated that mRNA, protein expression and enzyme activity of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2) were down‐regulated by RIE. Moreover, the phosphorylation of Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), src, and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) were inhibited after RIE treatment. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that RIE exerted an inhibitory effect of migration and invasion in oral cancer cells and alter metastasis by suppression of MMP‐2 expression through FAK/Scr/ERK signaling pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1037–1046, 2017.
Nematodes of Cithariniella (Pharyngodonidae) from freshwater fishes in Senegal, with a key to species

SummaryThree nematode species of Cithariniella (Pharyngodonidae), C. citharini, C. khalili, and C. gonzalesi, were recorded from the recta of squeaker (Mochokidae: Siluriformes) and citharinid (Citharinidae: Characiformes) fishes from Senegal, West Africa. Morphological characteristics obtained by scanning electron microscopy (form of oral aperture and cephalic papillae, presence of lateral alae, distribution and form of cloacal papillae, simple or paired papillae on tail of males, eggs with numerous long filaments on each pole in females) correspond well to the generic diagnosis and represent species differences. The shape and size of the cephalic papillae and lips were identified as a new determination feature. C. gonzalesi is reported for the first time from Senegal and its host, Paradistichodus dimidiatus, represents a new host record. A tentative simple key for differentiating C. citharini, C. khalili, C. gonzalesi and C. petterae is provided based upon these results.
Wide-Area Measurement-Based Voltage Stability Indicators by Modified Coupled Single-Port Models

The coupled single-port model has been proposed recently for wide-area measurement-based voltage stability assessment. This concept relies in decoupling a mesh power grid into the local single-port circuit coupled with an extra impedance. However, underestimations in this approach have been observed in simulation studies. In this paper, a modified coupled single-port model is proposed. Based on real-time PMU measurements of individual load bus, the reactive power response used in the extended Ward-type equivalent will be explored to compensate the reactive power mismatch in the existing model. In addition, a mitigation factor is introduced to modify the Thevenin equivalent parameter of the existing model. Due to the simplicity of the proposed model, several voltage stability indicators can be applied with slight modifications. Simulations on various IEEE test systems are presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed method.
Oriented Microstructure in Neural Tissue Engineering: A Review

Regeneration of neural injuries by formation of new axons and myelination to improve quality of patient life is undeniable difficulty in the world in which scientists examined different strategies from ancient times. Recently, 3D tissue engineering scaffolds simulated original extracellular matrix (ECM) and provide desirable substrate for cellular attachment, proliferation and differentiation. However, similarity of scaffold’s materials to ECM contaminant is effective in achieving better results. Investigations demonstrated that oriented fibers, pores and unidirectional channels or conduits act as cell guidance and showed significant effect on cellular differentiation and axonal reconstruction. Between all the methods of scaffold fabrication, freeze casting provides lamellar type and controlled pores that are necessary in neural tissue engineering. In brief, designing scaffolds with oriented structure such as freeze casting with unidirectional solidification and seeding an appropriate cell before implantation improve repair process of neural damages.
[Validation of the Brazilian version of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)].

BACKGROUND Considering the increasing levels of psychoactive substance use in Brazil and around the world, it is necessary the development of an instrument to early detection, that could be considered valid, reliable and useful at primary health care settings. In order to do that, an international team of researchers, supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Screening Test (ASSIST). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of ASSIST, as well as its reliability and concurrent validity in the detection of psychoactive substance use and related problems. METHODS The ASSIST and three validated diagnostic instruments (Mini-Plus, AUDIT, RTQ) were applied to 99 patients of primary/secondary health care services and to 48 patients in treatment for alcohol and drug dependence in specialized services, at São Paulo and Curitiba cities. RESULTS The ASSIST' scores to alcohol showed good correlation with AUDIT' scores. The ASSIST presented high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of alcohol, cannabis and cocaine abuse/dependence, considering the MINI-Plus diagnostic the "gold-standard". The reliability of the instrument was good (Cronbach's alpha of 0.80 to alcohol, 0.79 to cannabis and 0.81 to cocaine). CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the ASSIST seem to be satisfactory, recommending its use in patients of primary/secondary health care services.
Overview of Mouse Assays of Ethanol Intoxication

There are many behavioral assays to assess sensitivity to ethanol intoxication in mice. Most are simple to implement, and are sensitive to a particular dose range of ethanol. Most reflect genetic influences, and each test appears to reflect the contribution of a relatively distinct collection of genes. This genetic heterogeneity implies that no single test can claim to capture the construct “ethanol intoxication” completely. Depending on the test, and when measurements are made, acute functional tolerance to even a single dose of ethanol must be considered as a contributing factor. Whether or not a test is conducted in naïve mice or as part of a test battery can influence sensitivity, and do so in a strain‐dependent manner. This unit reviews existing tests and recommends several. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 42:9.26. 1‐9.26. 19. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An accurate reconstruction model using structured light of 3-D computer vision

A novel, easy and efficient 3D reconstruction model is presented in this paper. At first, according to triangle measurement principle, a new 3D measurement model which is based of a camera and a projector is developed. Then, an easy and efficient projectorpsilas mathematics model is deduced, on basics of the mathematics model for the camera and the results of analysis it show that itpsilas benefit to widen the optional range of used structured light. Finally, this method is proved to be efficiently, high precision and easily implemented. Point amount of a single view is 1.3 million. The precision of single view is 0.04 mm over a measurement volume of 250times200times250 mm. In short, this model is different from those traditional ones, which are strict with the positions of the camera and the projector. In this model, camera and projector can be located arbitrarily and the structured light used in the model have a wide-range of option.
Influence of coexisting contaminants on the sorption of 17β-estradiol by marine sediments

The adsorption behavior of 17β-estradiol (E2) on marine sediments treated by different methods was investigated in the presence of bisphenol A (BPA), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan esters (Tween 80) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). Four sets of experiments were conducted to determine the adsorption isotherms of E2 with coexisting contaminants, to explore the effects of concentrations and types of coexisting contaminants on the E2 adsorption capacity, and to examine the influence of pH on E2 adsorption on the sediments. The adsorption behavior of E2 to marine sediments without the addition of surfactant mainly related to organic carbon content of sediments and fitted well with the Freundlich model. The presence of CTAB or Tween 80 enhanced the adsorption capacity of E2 of marine sediments. In contrast, the presence of BPA, DBP and SDBS inhibited the adsorption capacity of E2. The pH value of the solution could influence the adsorption behavior of E2 of the marine sediments. A decline in pH values was beneficial to the adsorption of E2 with the addition of surfactants.
Global Communication and Cultural Desensitisation: Repackaging Western Values for Non-Western Markets

Abstract: Global communication is widely perceived as an instrument to disseminate Western values in the developing world. The “Wheel of Fortune” and “Who Wants to be a Millionnaire” licensed to Malaysian Television stations, though the language and the word puzzles were localised, carried the same format of the original (American) show. They promote consumerism, gambling and the images of usury, the style of wealth accumulation forbidden in Islam. For the Malaysian audience whose priorities are those of contentment, modesty and humility, such emphasis on material desires breeds internal contradictions that may lead the audience to succumb to the new Western values.
School Shootings and Moral Panics: Differences in Media Framing Based on Race, Class, and Socioeconomic Status

Media coverage of school shooting incidents are constructed using various frames that differ depending on the race, class, and socioeconomic status of the victims, perpetrators, and their communities. Moral panics have arisen as a result of these frames, having been constructed to instigate fear and affect policy in ways that can have negative effects on both students in general and, in particular, minority students in urban schools. In this study, I analyzed the framing language used in news content, the demographic information of the schools in which shootings occurred, and the amount of coverage afforded to the incidents. This content analysis will observe television news broadcasts regarding school shootings from Fox News, CBS, NBC, ABC, and CNN, ranging from 1995 to 2014.
A conserved role for kinesin-5 in plant mitosis

The mitotic spindle of vascular plants is assembled and maintained by processes that remain poorly explored at a molecular level. Here, we report that AtKRP125c, one of four kinesin-5 motor proteins in arabidopsis, decorates microtubules throughout the cell cycle and appears to function in both interphase and mitosis. In a temperature-sensitive mutant, interphase cortical microtubules are disorganized at the restrictive temperature and mitotic spindles are massively disrupted, consistent with a defect in the stabilization of anti-parallel microtubules in the spindle midzone, as previously described in kinesin-5 mutants from animals and yeast. AtKRP125c introduced into mammalian epithelial cells by transfection decorates microtubules throughout the cell cycle but is unable to complement the loss of the endogenous kinesin-5 motor (Eg5). These results are among the first reports of any motor with a major role in anastral spindle structure in plants and demonstrate that the conservation of kinesin-5 motor function throughout eukaryotes extends to vascular plants.
LICHENS AS BIOMONITORS OF HEAVY METAL AIR POLLUTION IN THE TARGOVISTE AREA

In this work we have been used the advantages of EDXRF method to identify the presence of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) in the air of Targoviste town and its surroundings. The measurements were performed in the laboratories of the Faculty of Sciences and Arts from Valahia University of Targoviste. The samples have been taken from places with different levels of pollution.
The effects of cortisol administration on social status and brain monoaminergic activity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

SUMMARY The hypothesis that circulating cortisol levels influence the outcome of social interactions in rainbow trout was tested. Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were given a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) implant containing either cortisol (110 mg kg–1 fish), or cortisol plus the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 (mifepristone; 1100 mg kg–1 fish), and sampled after 5 days of social interactions with either a similar sized (<1.5% difference in fork length) or smaller conspecific (>5% difference). Within size-matched pairs of fish, cortisol treatment significantly increased the probability that the treated fish within each pair became subordinate, an effect that was abolished by simultaneous administration of RU486. Cortisol treatment also reduced the usual success of the larger fish within a pair to preferentially become dominant from 86% to 40% of pairs. To investigate one potential mechanism underlying the apparent effect of cortisol in predisposing trout to low social status, fish were treated with cortisol or cortisol+RU486 for 5 days, after which brain monoamines [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); dopamine (DA)] and their major metabolites [5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA); 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC)] were measured. Significant increases of serotonergic activity ([5-HIAA]/[5-HT] ratio) were detected in the telencephalon with cortisol treatment, an effect that was eliminated by simultaneous administration of RU486. Also, cortisol treatment significantly decreased dopaminergic activity in the telencephalon. Somewhat surprisingly, the effects of cortisol treatment on monoaminergic activity in the hypothalamus were opposite to those in the telencephalon. Moreover, in no case did administration of RU486 abolish these effects. These results suggest that the effects of cortisol on social status in rainbow trout may be mediated via the modulation of central signaling systems and subsequent changes in behaviour and/or competitive ability, although the exact site of action in the brain remains uncertain.
Retinoschisis Associated With Optic Nerve Pits

Stereoscopic transparencies studied with magnification and projection suggest that the retinal elevation that communicates with optic pits is frequently a schisislike separation of the internal layers of retina. Thirteen of 15 eyes with optic pits and maculopathy fit the schisis pattern. Separation of the outer layers of the retina is a secondary phenomenon that starts in the macula.
Oviductal and uterine leiomyomata in mares Leiomyomata van salpinx en baarmoeder bij merries

This paper describes a case of a sessile uterine leiomyoma in a 17-year-old chronic infertile Selle Français mare. The mass was removed by transendoscopic electrocoagulation. In the same period, 725 mares were screened for oviductal and uterine solid masses in a slaughterhouse survey. Two uterine masses and one oviductal mass were detected in three different mares. Histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed leiomyoma in the four masses. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the fi rst report of an oviductal leiomyoma in a mare.
Opposite Thermodynamic Arrows of Time

A model with two weakly coupled systems having opposite thermodynamic arrows of time is exhibited. The essential conceptual step is the phrasing of the problem as a two‐time boundary value problem. Such a system could arise in a big bang‐big crunch cosmology. Causal paradoxes, in the event of communication between the regions, are discussed and resolved. The main issue confronted in the present article is the nature and possibility of such communication. A degree of signaling may be possible, but is likely to be overwhelmed by noise.
Gender Differences in Academic Performance: A Case of Psychology Students at the University of Zambia

Gender disparity in academic performance and general access to educational *opportunities globally and particularly in Zambia has been evident for a long time. This led to the Zambian Government coming up with affirmative action policies to enable more femalesâ€™ access equal educational opportunities. However, the dynamics of the specific academic performance of each sex, especially at tertiary level has not received much attention in terms of research. Hence it was the aim of this *paper to examine the academic performance through a thorough review of literature. *An example of the academic performance of the psychology degree students at the University of Zambia (UNZA) has been used to discuss the literature. Through the comprehensive analysis of literature, we found four factors emerged that can influence performance, namely: socio- economic factors, course of study, innate differences and Psychological factors. It was also found that over a period of *five years from 2009 to 2013 female psychology students at UNZA consistently obtained a better classification of degrees than the males in psychology. It is possible to speculate that the female students gravitate towards registering for psychology because of their intrinsic liking for the Psychology courses. It is therefore possible to present the argument that the affinity of female students for psychology courses would make them study psychology more than their male counterparts and therefore perhaps achieve better results.
Synchrony Detection by Analogue VLSI Neurons with Bimodal STDP Synapses

We present test results from spike-timing correlation learning experiments carried out with silicon neurons with STDP (Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity) synapses. The weight change scheme of the STDP synapses can be set to either weight-independent or weight-dependent mode. We present results that characterise the learning window implemented for both modes of operation. When presented with spike trains with different types of synchronisation the neurons develop bimodal weight distributions. We also show that a 2-layered network of silicon spiking neurons with STDP synapses can perform hierarchical synchrony detection.
Clinical Pharmacology of Furosemide in Neonates: A Review

Furosemide is the diuretic most used in newborn infants. It blocks the Na+-K+-2Cl− symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle increasing urinary excretion of Na+ and Cl−. This article aimed to review the published data on the clinical pharmacology of furosemide in neonates to provide a critical, comprehensive, authoritative and, updated survey on the metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and side-effects of furosemide in neonates. The bibliographic search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE databases as search engines; January 2013 was the cutoff point. Furosemide half-life (t1/2) is 6 to 20-fold longer, clearance (Cl) is 1.2 to 14-fold smaller and volume of distribution (Vd) is 1.3 to 6-fold larger than the adult values. t1/2 shortens and Cl increases as the neonatal maturation proceeds. Continuous intravenous infusion of furosemide yields more controlled diuresis than the intermittent intravenous infusion. Furosemide may be administered by inhalation to infants with chronic lung disease to improve pulmonary mechanics. Furosemide stimulates prostaglandin E2 synthesis, a potent dilator of the patent ductus arteriosus, and the administration of furosemide to any preterm infants should be carefully weighed against the risk of precipitation of a symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Infants with low birthweight treated with chronic furosemide are at risk for the development of intra-renal calcifications.