Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unity vs. Uniformity: Liang Qichao and the Invention of a "New Journalism" for China

When Liang Qichao burst upon the Chinese journalistic scene at the end of the nineteenth century, he allegedly shaped a “new journalism style” and “revolutionized the Chinese press,” eventually becoming “the most influential [newspaper journalist] China had ever known. ” To attain this position Liang had to displace the existing papers on the press market by advancing new arguments to a new public. I will argue that many newspaper historians have taken Liang Qichao’s own evaluation of the role played by his forerunners at face value instead of looking at its polemical character. The oft-cited explosion of the press market and dominance of the political press after the short Reform Movement of 1898 was not at all due only to Liang Qichao’s refined and convincing rhetoric about the importance of a press in China—as it is often depicted—but rather part of much broader changes in both politics and journalism. Moreover, the “explosion” itself was in fact an outgrowth of a well-established tradition of modern Chinese journalism extending back more than three decades. Instead of sharing the generally held opinion that “Liang Qichao’s formative influence on the development of Chinese newspapers as a new forum for social cohesion and political discussion can hardly be overestimated,” this study puts the question the other way, by asking whether this influence has not been overestimated for far too long. Newspaper readings have to be contextualized in terms of their specific historic and societal significance, otherwise the numerous editorial statements on the role of the press remain too general. In order to understand Liang Qichao’s specific position within this new journalistic field, we have to situ-
Radiation resistance of SOI pixel devices fabricated with OKI 0.15μm FD-SOI technology

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology is being investigated for monolithic pixel device fabrication. The SOI wafers by UNIBOND allow the silicon resistivity to be optimized separately for the electronics and detector parts. We have fabricated pixel detectors using fully depleted SOI (FD-SOI) technology provided by OKI Semiconductor Co. Ltd. The first pixel devices consisting of 32×32 pixels each with 20 μm square were irradiated with <sup>60</sup>Co γ’s up to 0.60 MGy and with 70-MeV protons up to 1.3×10<sup>16</sup> 1-MeV n<inf>eq</inf>/cm<sup>2</sup>. The performance characterization was made on the electronics part and as a general detector from the response to RESET signals and to laser. The electronics operation was affected by radiation-induced charge accumulation in the oxide layers. Detailed evaluation using transistor test structures was separately carried out with covering a wider range of radiation level (0.12 kGy to 5.1 MGy) with <sup>60</sup>Co γ’s.
Personal therapy for psychotherapists: The impact on therapeutic practice. A qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis

Personal therapy is frequently promoted as an important experience for practising psychotherapists and is often a requirement for training to be a psychotherapist. Studies suggest that large numbers of therapists undergo personal therapy and that it is reported to be beneficial. Few studies have identified how personal therapy has an impact on professional development and practice. This qualitative study investigated how the experience of personal therapy for therapists is seen to influence subsequent therapeutic practice. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight practising therapists. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), was used as an in-depth method to analyse the interview transcripts, and identified three master themes: I learnt how to do therapy; I know myself much better; and a very dissolving process. It was concluded that participants view their personal therapy as a valuable and powerful experience with a long-term personal impact and ongoing influence on therapeutic practice. Illustrative interview quotes are included in the presentation of results. The findings are discussed and the implications for therapists and their practice are considered.
Strategic Leadership

Strategic leaders are being challenged by stakeholder demands that organizations meet triple bottom line performance measures. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of empirical research on how strategic leaders’ values and leadership styles are related to such measures. We describe values and established and evolving leadership styles and review the results of empirical studies investigating their relationship with organizational performance. Gaps in our knowledge of such relationships are identified and suggestions for future research are provided. A continuum of leadership styles, from transactional through responsible, is developed using the dimensions of stakeholder salience and economic, social, and environmental performance outcomes.
The trouble with gender : tales of the still-missing feminist revolution in sociological theory

Why do sociological theorists remain uninterested in and resistant to feminist theory? Notwithstanding indications of increasing openness to feminist theory, journals and texts on sociological theory reflect a continuing pattern of neglect. I identify reasons for this pattern, including tensions resulting from the introduction of gender as a central analytical category: Not only does gender challenge the dichotomous categories that define sociology's boundaries and identity, it also displaces the discipline's central problematic of modernity. The significance of this displacement is apparent when the discipline's responses to feminist and postmodernist theory are compared. I discuss the relevance of feminist theoretical work to contemporary issues in sociological theory, with specific attention to the synthetic nature of feminist theorizing, to work on rethinking power, resistance, and oppression, and to efforts to effect a conceptual shift from "either/or" to "both/and" thinking and to establish new grounds for assessing knowledge claims.
Animal Research on Effects of Experience on Brain and Behavior: Implications for Rehabilitation.

Mark R. Rosenzweig is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He has honorary doctorates from the Université de Paris and the Université Louis Pasteur at Strasbourg. E The author first considers how plasticity of the brain in response to differential experience was discovered in research with laboratory rats around 1960. Similar effects were then found in other species and in adults as well as in young animals. Animal research soon followed on effects of enriched experience as therapy for various kinds of brain dysfunction. Certain effects of environment or experience on brain development or rehabilitation are specific to particular aspects of brain growth, to kinds of disability, and to kinds of experience. Relations between animal research and some human therapies are considered.
State-space modeling of modular multilevel converters including line frequency transformer

This paper presents a detailed state-space modeling of a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) in combination with line frequency transformer (LFT). The classical MMC topology is compared with the recently proposed Open-End Winding MMC (OEWMMC) topology, which integrates the LFT in the converter arm. The line frequency transformer parameters are added in the model, some of which are often neglected in the available literature. Both models are verified and compared by means of numerical simulations in open-loop. Despite integration attractiveness offered by the OEWMMC topology, there are also some inherent drawbacks affecting the overall system sizing that are discussed in the paper.
Social Network Analysis

This paper reports on the development of social network analysis, tracing its origins in classical sociology and its more recent formulation in social scientific and mathematical work. It is argued that the concept of social network provides a powerful model for social structure, and that a number of important formal methods of social network analysis can be discerned. Social network analysis has been used in studies of kinship structure, social mobility, science citations, contacts among members of deviant groups, corporate power, international trade exploitation, class structure, and many other areas. A review of the formal models proposed in graph theory, multidimensional scaling, and algebraic topology is followed by extended illustrations of social network analysis in the study of community structure and interlocking directorships.
Facilitating the Transition to First Grade: The Nature of Transition and Research on Factors Affecting It

In this article we describe the nature of the first-grade transition and summarize several studies that have investigated how children's schooling proceeds over this period. Drawing on Beginning School Study data that include children's marks and test scores plus information about their parents and schools, we carried out a longitudinal study of a large random sample (N = 790) of children who began first grade in Baltimore in 1982. We studied effects on the transition for children attending full-day rather than half-day kindergarten, of living in different kinds of family arrangements, and of several other circumstances. We found that children with more kindergarten, those whose families included coresident grandmothers, and those who did not change schools between kindergarten and first grade did better over the transition, other things being equal. We close with a list of implications for practice based on what is known about the first-grade transition and offer suggestions for future research.
Agriculture, population growth, and statistical analysis of the radiocarbon record

Significance We statistically analyze the radiocarbon record and show that early farming societies in Europe grew at the same rate as contemporaneous foraging societies in North America. Thus, our results challenge the commonly held view that the advent of agriculture was linked to accelerated growth of the human population. The same rates of prehistoric population growth measured worldwide suggest that the global climate and/or biological factors intrinsic to the species and not factors related to the regional environment or subsistence practices regulated the growth of the human population for most of the last 12,000 y. This study demonstrates that statistical analysis of the radiocarbon record is a robust quantitative approach for studying prehistoric human demography. The human population has grown significantly since the onset of the Holocene about 12,000 y ago. Despite decades of research, the factors determining prehistoric population growth remain uncertain. Here, we examine measurements of the rate of growth of the prehistoric human population based on statistical analysis of the radiocarbon record. We find that, during most of the Holocene, human populations worldwide grew at a long-term annual rate of 0.04%. Statistical analysis of the radiocarbon record shows that transitioning farming societies experienced the same rate of growth as contemporaneous foraging societies. The same rate of growth measured for populations dwelling in a range of environments and practicing a variety of subsistence strategies suggests that the global climate and/or endogenous biological factors, not adaptability to local environment or subsistence practices, regulated the long-term growth of the human population during most of the Holocene. Our results demonstrate that statistical analyses of large ensembles of radiocarbon dates are robust and valuable for quantitatively investigating the demography of prehistoric human populations worldwide.
Vitamin E and the risk of childhood asthma

ABSTRACT Introduction: Asthma, a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypes, remains a significant health problem. Present treatments are not curative and prevention should be our ultimate goal. Vitamin E supplementation presents a potential easy and cheap preventive therapy but the results of studies are confusing and sometimes contradictory. Clarification is needed. Areas covered: Animal studies and research in pregnant women suggest enhanced lifetime resistance to asthma with appropriate fetal exposure to vitamin E. Vitamin E’s preventive role is complex and includes functional variations of the different isoforms. Expert commentary: We review the most recent literature on the role of vitamin E isoforms on: lung inflammation, immune development, animal and clinical studies during pregnancy, and the potential influence of vitamin E isoforms on asthma development in offspring. We point out where data are seemingly contradictory, explain why this is so, and comment on where further clarifying research is needed and its future direction.
Microsatellite instability in inflamed and neoplastic epithelium in ulcerative colitis

Background—Several genetic alterations have been documented in dysplasia and cancer developing in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the microsatellite instability (MSI) status has rarely been described, especially in the inflamed epithelium of UC. Aims—To study MSI status during neoplastic and inflammatory changes in UC. Methods—Seventy five surgically resected samples of colorectal mucosa, taken from 16 colectomy specimens of patients with UC were examined: five patients had a long duration with dysplasia or cancer (UC-LD with neoplasm), seven patients had a long duration without neoplastic changes (UC-LD without neoplasm), and four patients had a short duration without neoplastic changes (UC-SD). In addition to MSI status examined by six microsatellite markers, p53 expression was compared among the three groups. Results—With regard to non-neoplastic inflamed epithelium, MSI in two or more loci (MSI≥2) was seen more frequently in the UC-LD without neoplasm group than in the UC-SD group (six of 14 v one of 12; p = 0.060), and significantly more often than in the UC-LD with neoplasm group (six of 14 v two of 23; p = 0.016). In the UC-LD without neoplasm group, MSI≥2 was detected significantly more frequently in patients with severe inflammation than in those with mild inflammation (six of nine v none of five; p = 0.028). With regard to neoplastic epithelium in the UC-LD with neoplasm group, MSI in two or more loci was found in three of 17, and p53 overexpression was seen in 11 of 17 of the neoplastic lesions. Conclusions—A high incidence of MSI in long standing UC with severe inflammation probably reflects genomic instability caused by repeated inflammatory stress. Thus, the influence of inflammation should be considered when estimating MSI in UC. It is possible that changes in p53 expression are important in the development of cancer in UC.
Extraction of Text Touching Graphics Using SURF

In this paper we propose a novel part-based method for the extraction of text touching graphic components. The Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) are used to localize the text components and distinguish them from graphics. We introduce several post-processing steps to finally detect the text. We have tested our method on a publicly available data set of architectural floor plans and on real geographical maps. On floor plans we have located more than 95% of the text components which were not identified as text beforehand because they were touching graphic components.
Passing Through the Eye of the Needle: High-Achieving Chicanas

This article deals with a study of 17 Mexican American women between the ages of 28 and 40 years who came from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, yet succeeded in completing J. D. , M. D. , and Ph. D. degrees. The researcher investigated 10 areas of the women's backgrounds ranging from child-rearing practices used by the parents to peer and school variables. The objective of the study was to identify background factors and experiences held in common by the women that may have contributed to their extraordinary educational accomplishments. Among the things found to be most important for these women were the strong models their mothers provided, the emotional support of their families, and the fact that they had attended highly integrated schools.
Optimization of Medipix-2 Threshold Masks for Spectroscopic X-Ray Imaging

Spectroscopic X-ray imaging enhances image contrast and provides advanced object information due to energy resolution. The Medipix-2 chip is a photon counting semiconductor detector and features two energy thresholds for energy selective imaging. The aim of this study is to present the development of optimized threshold adjustment masks with small energy windows of about 3 keV width using a monochromatic X-ray source for equalization and to demonstrate the benefits of spectroscopic X-ray imaging using an integrated circuit as object.
Corporations as Citizens: Political not Metaphorical

At the center of our article “Citizenship, Inc.,” is a puzzle about a metaphor. Are corporations really a kind of citizen, or like citizens in some real way, or is talk of “corporate citizenship” all just a misleading metaphorical extension of the age-old concept of individual citizenship? In this reply to four very spirited responses to that article, we will not be defending our particular analysis of that metaphor so much as joining our colleagues in reflecting on the question of what academics are doing, or should be doing, when they take on the vocabulary of politics and business in this way. What can philosophers or social scientists expect to accomplish by telling fellow academics, or fellow citizens, that they should be using concepts like “corporate citizenship” one way rather than another? Is there a respectable methodology for shoring up this kind of advice? Or rather, are we all engaged in some kind of urbane political discourse attempting to push a vocabulary most likely to favor our own preferred ideological positions? We had relatively little to say on these questions in the original article, but we found many of the most interesting critiques or “friendly amendments” in the responses to be essentially about these “meta” and methodological questions (or derived from different answers to them).
Polypostors: 2D polygonal impostors for 3D crowds

Various methods have been proposed to animate and render large crowds of humans in real time for applications such as games and interactive walkthroughs. Recent methods have been developed to render large numbers of pre-computed image-based human representations (Impostors) by exploiting commodity graphics hardware, thus achieving very high frame-rates while maintaining visual fidelity. Unfortunately, these images consume a lot of texture memory, no in-betweening is possible, and the variety of animations that can be shown is severely restricted. This paper proposes an alternative method that significantly improves upon pre-computed impostors: automatically generated 2D polygonal characters (or Polypostors). When compared with image-based crowd rendering systems, Polypostors exhibit a similarly high level of rendering efficiency and visual fidelity, with considerably lower memory requirements (up to a factor of 30 in our test cases). Furthermore, Polypostors enable simple in-betweening and can thus deliver a greater variety of animations at any required level of smoothness with almost no overhead.
Contrasting soil fungal community responses to experimental nitrogen addition using the large subunit rRNA taxonomic marker and cellobiohydrolase I functional marker

Human activities have resulted in increased nitrogen inputs into terrestrial ecosystems, but the impact of nitrogen on ecosystem function, such as nutrient cycling, will depend at least in part on the response of soil fungal communities. We examined the response of soil fungi to experimental nitrogen addition in a loblolly pine forest (North Carolina, USA) using a taxonomic marker (large subunit rDNA, LSU) and a functional marker involved in a critical step of cellulose degradation (cellobiohydrolase, cbhI) at five time points that spanned fourteen months. Sampling date had no impact on fungal community richness or composition for either gene. Based on the LSU, nitrogen addition led to increased fungal community richness, reduced relative abundance of fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota and altered community composition; however, similar shifts were not observed with cbhI. Fungal community dissimilarity of the LSU and cbhI genes was significantly correlated in the ambient plots, but not in nitrogen‐amended plots, suggesting either functional redundancy of fungi with the cbhI gene or shifts in other functional groups in response to nitrogen addition. To determine whether sequence similarity of cbhI could be predicted based on taxonomic relatedness of fungi, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of publically available cbhI sequences from known isolates and found that for a subset of isolates, similar cbhI genes were found within distantly related fungal taxa. Together, these findings suggest that taxonomic shifts in the total fungal community do not necessarily result in changes in the functional diversity of fungi.
Supporting communication for people with aphasia in stroke rehabilitation: transfer of training in a multidisciplinary stroke team

Background: Participation of people with aphasia in clinical care and rehabilitation is an area of increasing research interest. Supported communication (SC) training, which aims to enhance the participation of aphasic patients, has been shown to improve conversation partner knowledge and skills. However, there is a lack of evidence for transfer of SC training to practice in post-acute rehabilitation settings. Aims: We aim to develop an understanding of causal mechanisms implicated in the transfer of SC training by examining the nature of the setting, staff perspectives, and the situated character of the action. Methods and Procedures: Twenty-eight staff from a multidisciplinary team were trained in SC. We collected detailed and varied data, including staff experiences of SC training and implementation, and video data of routine practice. Using a critical realist approach, we develop explanatory mechanisms for barriers to and enablers of transfer. Eleven team members (nursing, therapy, and assistant staff) took part in focus groups and interviews at the end of the study; 54 learning logs were collected over a 10-month period. Six aphasic patients and eight staff took part in video-recordings of therapy and care sessions. Outcomes & Results: Three main themes derived from staff experience data are linked to key components of the setting, indicating processes implicated in transfer of training, and impacting on outcomes such as perceptions of quality and staff confidence. Barriers, constraints, and problem-solving approaches in enacting SC were evidenced through patient factors, spaces and events, and time constraints. Staff flexibility and team working were key factors in problem-solving these obstacles. Staff reported responsive use of skills and resources and perceived impact of SC training, with most, but not all, staff reporting benefits, including increased confidence in interactions with aphasic patients. Activity analysis of video data illustrates how some mechanisms may be operating in practice, with evidence of rich use of interactional strategies and resources; a focus by staff on getting the work done; opportunities for patient active participation or emotional support that are realised or not; strategies for aphasia-related trouble and repair sequences. Conclusions: This model of SC training has clear benefits for staff communication practices and confidence, but transfer of training is subject to complex processes. Training should therefore address systems-level practices and be extended for staff who need more advanced skills. The values implicit in SC have the potential to create a culture of access and inclusion, encouraging and supporting active participation of all stroke patients.