Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Weight Affects the Perceived Spacing between the Thumb and Fingers during Grasping

We know much about mechanisms determining the perceived size and weight of lifted objects, but little about how these properties of size and weight affect the body representation (e.g. grasp aperture of the hand). Without vision, subjects (n = 16) estimated spacing between fingers and thumb (perceived grasp aperture) while lifting canisters of the same width (6.6cm) but varied weights (300, 600, 900, and 1200 g). Lifts were performed by movement of either the wrist, elbow or shoulder to examine whether lifting with different muscle groups affects the judgement of grasp aperture. Results for perceived grasp aperture were compared with changes in perceived weight of objects of different sizes (5.2, 6.6, and 10 cm) but the same weight (600 g). When canisters of the same width but different weights were lifted, perceived grasp aperture decreased 4.8% [2.2 ‒ 7.4] (mean [95% CI]; P < 0.001) from the lightest to the heaviest canister, no matter how they were lifted. For objects of the same weight but different widths, perceived weight decreased 42.3% [38.2 ‒ 46.4] from narrowest to widest (P < 0.001), as expected from the size-weight illusion. Thus, despite a highly distorted perception of the weight of objects based on their size, we conclude that proprioceptive afferents maintain a reasonably stable perception of the aperture of the grasping hand over a wide range of object weights. Given the small magnitude of this ‘weight-grasp aperture’ illusion, we propose the brain has access to a relatively stable ‘perceptual ruler’ to aid the manipulation of different objects.
The feasibility of providing community pharmacy‐based services for alcohol misuse: A literature review

Objectives Excessive consumption of alcohol is a major public health concern. The use of community pharmacies and pharmacists as sources of public health information and services is gaining greater recognition. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the evidence on the feasibility, effectiveness and acceptability of providing community pharmacy‐based services to address the excessive consumption of alcohol.
Hypoplastic left heart in a female infant with partial trisomy 4q due to de novo 4;21 translocation.

We present a female infant with mild dysmorphic features and congenital heart defect: hypoplastic left heart with aortic atresia and hypoplastic aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, and a nonrestrictive atrial communication. Chromosome analysis showed an unbalanced translocation that contained additional material from 4q translocated onto 21q. This resulted in partial trisomy 4 and monosomy for the 21q telomeric region. The derivative chromosome was characterized using G-banding, M-FISH, and whole chromosome painting. The karyotype was described as 46,XX,der(21)t(4;21)(q25;q22.3). ish(wcp4+;wcp21+). Additional analyses with FISH probes specific for 21q 22.3, 21q22.2, 21q21.1, and 21q11.2 did not indicate any chromosome 21 duplication within the derivative chromosome 21. Monosomy for the telomeric portion of 21q was demonstrated using a tel 21q probe (Oncor). The patient underwent stage 1 Norwood procedure to manage her heart defect. Poor feeding and failure to thrive complicated the postsurgical period. The child subsequently underwent funduplication and feeding tube placement, and at 4.5 months of age presented with microcephaly and developmental delay. Hypoplastic left heart was previously reported with increased frequency in relatively common numeric chromosomal aberrations, such as monosomy X, trisomies 21, 18, and 13, and in various structural chromosomal defects. Our report presents new evidence for the co-occurrence of hypoplastic left heart with a duplicated portion of chromosome 4 distal to 4q25. In addition, monosomy for the telomeric region of chromosome 21 may have implications in the phenotype.
Disorganized Attachment in Adulthood: Theory, Measurement, and Implications for Romantic Relationships

Disorganized attachment has been studied extensively in the developmental attachment literature, particularly with regard to infants and children. It has not been studied from a social psychological perspective in adulthood. In this article we contribute to the social psychology literature by beginning to explore the meaning and consequences of disorganized attachment for adults. Based on the literature on disorganization in infants, childhood, and adolescence, we develop a dimensional measure for assessing disorganization in adults and demonstrate that it predicts similar internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors to those observed in children and adolescents. Thus, this scale instrument should provide social psychologists with a means to assess disorganization in adulthood and begin to look at its consequences for romantic relationships. We discuss some of those potential consequences, thereby providing avenues for future research.
Education for global citizenship: Illustrations of ideological pluralism and adaptation

This article explores the ideological currents emerging within the contested idea of global citizenship in public discourse by focusing on how this term has been deployed within the educational arena. In educational initiatives across the English-speaking world, ‘global citizenship’ is aligned with four ideological constellations: moral cosmopolitanism, liberal multiculturalism, neoliberalism and environmentalism. Identifying and examining some of the more prominent strains of thinking within educational programs for global citizenship contributes to ongoing debates about whether a new, distinct and globally-oriented ideology might be emerging. This article maintains that public discourse related to global citizenship in education does not yet validate a prospective ideology such as ‘globalism’ but does illustrate how established ideologies, most notably liberalism in its plural forms, are adapting alongside increasing public recognition of global interdependence.
Short- and long-term musical preferences: what makes a favourite piece of music?

Within the growing field of music preferences, little is currently known about the concept of a favourite piece of music. The current study explores listeners’ nominated favourite pieces of music over short and longer time-spans, combining diary and interview methods to uncover what a favourite means, how stable it is, and what factors influence the development of favourites. Nine undergraduate students participated in a diary study spanning one month, with follow-up interviews conducted with two participants. Results indicate that musical favourites are subject to rapid change and highly context-dependent. Most daily favourites were heard on the day, either deliberately or by chance. ‘Magpie’ listeners collected a large number of relatively transient favourites, while ‘squirrel’ listeners had a large catalogue of music stored from which to select. Long-term favourites differed from daily favourites, being associated with intense emotional events in listeners’ lives. In this small-scale study, diary methods successfully captured fluctuations in music preferences over time for most listeners, while interviews revealed more about listeners’ motivations and personal stories connected with their favourite music. Future research is required with larger samples to tease out the complexities of developing music preferences over time and engagement with music in everyday life settings.
Effectiveness of a Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Program for Incarcerated Female Juvenile Offenders

Background: Female offenders incarcerated in Washington State have demonstrated higher rates of mental health needs than boys. Linehan’s (1993a, b) Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) is an effective treatment for adult women with Borderline Personality Disorder. DBT utilises a combination of skills training, problem solving, and validation to enable patients to reduce self-destructive, impulsive and aggressive behaviours. The prevalence of similar emotional problems among female juvenile offenders suggests that DBT may be an effective strategy for this population. The State of Washington Governor’s Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee sponsored a collaborative project conducted by a research team from the University of Washington and the staff at the Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration’s Echo Glen Children’s Center to evaluate the effectiveness of a DBT intervention. Method: Pre-post intervention records were compared for female offenders from a mental health and a general population unit where DBT was implemented. Youth on a third unit served as a comparison group. Youth behaviour problems, staff punitive responses were compared before and after the intervention period. Results: Youth behaviour problems and use of punitive responses by staff decreased compared to the year prior on one cottage (unit) while no behaviour or staff changes were noted on another. Conclusions: The evaluation demonstrated the efficacy of providing DBT to female offenders in a residential setting and yielded mixed results on behaviour change during the study period that may relate to quality of training and prior youth behaviour problems.
Predictive factors for the development of rubeosis following proton beam radiotherapy for uveal melanoma

AIMS/BACKGROUND Proton beam radiotherapy can effectively treat primary uveal melanomas of any size. Some patients, however, develop adverse late effects following treatment and the purpose of this study was to determine which factors give rise to a poor local outcome. METHODS The hospital records from a first cohort of 127 patients treated by protons from 1989 to 1992 were reviewed retrospectively. The presence of rubeosis was selected as a measure of significant ocular damage. Split file analysis was performed with 73 cases forming a test group with the remaining 54 cases acting as a validation group. RESULTS Large tumour size and the presence of retinal detachment were significant, independent risk factors for developing rubeosis for both the test and validation groups. These factors also predicted subsequent enucleation for uncontrolled ocular pain. Patients with tumours too large to plaque and with an associated retinal detachment had a 90% chance of developing rubeosis within 4 years of proton beam radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a uveal melanoma too large for plaque therapy and an associated retinal detachment run a very high risk of developing rubeosis after proton beam radiotherapy and one third of individuals developing rubeosis required enucleation for pain even if local tumour control was satisfactory.
Exercise as stroke prophylaxis.

BACKGROUND Stroke is the third most common cause of death in industrialized countries, accounting for more than 10% of deaths over age 65. Most strokes are due to arteriosclerosis. Regular physical activity lowers arterial blood pressure and body weight and improves glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby slowing the development of arteriosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications, particularly myocardial infarction. This review focuses on the question whether physical activity might also have a preventive effect on cerebral infarction and hemorrhage. METHODS This analysis is based on 33 prospective cohort studies and 10 case-control studies that addressed the potential effect of physical activity on stroke-related morbidity and mortality. RESULTS Our meta-analysis shows that physical activity reduces the risk of all types of stroke (infarction, hemorrhage, and stroke of unspecified type). The relative risk (RR) of fatal or non-fatal cerebral infarction is 0.75, while the corresponding figures for cerebral hemorrhage and stroke of unspecified type are 0.67 and 0.71, respectively. The reduction of risk is only statistically significant for men. The case-control studies show an RR of 0.32 for men and women combined. CONCLUSIONS When a multivariate analysis is performed that takes other vascular risk factors into account, physical activity is found to have an independent protective effect against cerebrovascular events. The effect is statistically significant only for men, not for women.
GATA3 Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis through the Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition*

GATA3, a transcription factor that regulates T lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, is exclusively expressed in early stage well differentiated breast cancers but not in advanced invasive cancers. However, little is understood regarding its activity and the mechanisms underlying this differential expression in cancers. Here, we employed GATA3-positive, non-invasive (MCF-7) and GATA3-negative, invasive (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells to define its role in the transformation between these two distinct phenotypes. Ectopic expression of GATA3 in MDA-MB-231 cells led to a cuboidal-like epithelial phenotype and reduced cell invasive activity. These cells also increased E-cadherin expression but decreased levels of vimentin, N-cadherin, and MMP-9. Further, MDA-MB-231 cells expressing GATA3 grew smaller primary tumors without metastasis compared with larger metastatic tumors derived from control MDA-MB-231 cells in xenografted mice. GATA3 was found to induce E-cadherin expression through binding GATA-like motifs located in the E-cadherin promoter. Blockade of GATA3 using small interfering RNA gene knockdown in MCF-7 cells triggered fibroblastic transformation and cell invasion, resulting in distant metastasis. Studies of human breast cancer showed that GATA3 expression correlated with elevated E-cadherin levels, ER expression, and long disease-free survival. These data suggest that GATA3 drives invasive breast cancer cells to undergo the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to the suppression of cancer metastasis.
On the Optimization of the Transmitted Beam in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Medical Imaging

The optimization of the ultrasound pulses transmitted by an echographic scanner is considered here in order to attain an insonification beam having a quasi-constant pressure profile over a large depth interval. An equalized pressure intensity allows a correct exploitation of the ultrasound contrast agent injected into the human body and, in turn, permits one to fully exploit its nonlinear response. A stochastic method of synthesis (based on the simulated annealing scheme) that is able to produce the desired transmission beam profile, acting simultaneously on the carrier frequencies of the acoustic pulses emitted by the array's transducers and on the apodizing weights, has been developed and assessed. The results obtained by the joint optimization, in terms of acoustic pressure profile, sidelobe level, and main lobe shape, are reported, discussed, and compared with those obtained by the traditional emission strategy and by the exclusive optimization of the apodizing weights or the carrier frequencies. A significant improvement of the ultrasound beam generated by the joint optimization over those generated by the exclusive optimization is pointed out.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH PROJECT BASED LEARNING TECHNIQUE AT CLASS III-B OF THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS

Abstract: Pada awal penelitian ini, mahasiswa/i kelas III-B semester tiga di STKIP “Tapanuli Selatan” Padangsidimpuan menghadapi beberapa masalah pada kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris. Beberapa model pembelajaran berbicara telah diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara mahasiswa/I. Namun pembelajaran tersebut tidak berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara mereka. Hal tersebut mempengaruhi hasil belajar mereka. Karena nilai kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris siswa rendah maka penelitian ini di lakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan apakah pembelajaran berbasis proyek dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris mahasiswa/I dan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan kemampuan berbahasa mereka selama pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain penelitian tindakan kelas selama dua siklus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tingkat peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris yang positif. Kemampuan mereka dalam berbahasa Inggris meningkat dari 62.1 dari sebelum perlakuan menjadi 65.73 pada siklus 1 dan seterusnya menjadi 76 pada siklus 2. Disamping itu, faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan kemampuan berbahasa mereka juga diidentifikasikan, yakni pemberian topik yang nyata, aktivasi kemampuan sebelumnya, pemberian respon terhadap proyek teman- teman lain, kegiatan dalam kelompok dan juga presentasinya. Key words: Speaking Skill, Project Based Learning, Classroom Action Research
Academic predictors of mental health outcomes for children and youth with emotional disturbance

Research suggests a strong correlation linking academic achievement and mental health outcomes in children with emotional disturbance (ED) (Kauffman, 2005; U.S. Department of Education, 2006). However, the exact nature of this critical relationship remains unclear. This study used a series if regression analyses and Z-Tests to investigate the predictive relationship of measures of academic achievement in determining social-emotional function over time. Examined was a sample of 261 students receiving special education and mental health services at a treatment center. Academic, mental health and demographic information was gathered from a preexisting archive. Students were assessed annually using the KTEA-II in the areas of reading, writing, and mathematics. Assessment of students’ day-to-day social-emotional functioning was measured using the Ohio Scales. Results indicated that, after a year’s time, the predictive value of writing achievement in determining social-emotional functioning was statistically significant and the relationship strengthened with time. Implications of the study
The Constructivist Approach? I Have Heard about It but I Have Never Seen It "An Example of Exploratory Sequential Mixed Design Study".

The present study was undertaken to investigate the quality of education based on the views of the students attending social studies education departments at the Faculties of Education and to determine the existing problems and present suggestions for their solutions. The study was conducted according to exploratory sequential mixed method. In line with this, first of all, qualitative data was collected and based on qualitative data, a quantitative data collection tool was developed. The qualitative study group was chosen via criterion sampling, and two-phase cluster sampling method was used to determine the quantitative study group. The qualitative study group is composed of 6 participants and the quantitative group is composed of 1670 students. In line with the responds the participants provided the content was structured and presented under 3 themes. These themes are: 1- Findings with regard to instructional activities of lecturers, 2- Behaviorism instead of constructivism. 3- Findings related to physical, social and cultural environment. It was concluded that quantitative data collected indicate that qualitative data can be generalized and that various factors are influential on education provided at the faculties.
GnIH Control of Feeding and Reproductive Behaviors

In 2000, Tsutsui and colleagues discovered a neuropeptide gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) that inhibits gonadotropin release in birds. Subsequently, extensive studies during the last 15 years have demonstrated that GnIH is a key neurohormone that regulates reproduction in vertebrates, acting in the brain and on the pituitary to modulate reproduction and reproductive behavior. On the other hand, deprivation of food and other metabolic challenges inhibit the reproductive axis as well as sexual motivation. Interestingly, recent studies have further indicated that GnIH controls feeding behavior in vertebrates, such as in birds and mammals. This review summarizes the discovery of GnIH and its conservation in vertebrates and the neuroendocrine control of feeding behavior and reproductive behavior by GnIH.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation With a Poly-Methylpentene Oxygenator (Quadrox D). The Experience of a Single Italian Centre in Adult Patients With Refractory Cardiogenic Shock

Although microporous polypropylene hollow fiber oxygenators are standard devices used for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), they have limitations such as development of plasma leakage. Poly-methylpentene (PMP) is a new material used for the last generation of oxygenators. We reviewed our experience with a new PMP oxygenator (Quadrox D) and a centrifugal pump (RotaFlow) used to support adult patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Between January 2000 and April 2007, 25 patients required ECMO for primary or postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. Eighteen patients were analyzed [mean age 60.2 years; 11 (61%) men; 7 (39%) women]. Nine patients (50%) suffered primary cardiogenic shock. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was applied in 11 patients (61%) with a mean duration time of 31.5 minutes. Mean ECMO duration time was 7.1 ± 6.3 days (range, 1–27 days). Intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 13 patients (72.2%) with a mean duration time of 7.7 ± 5 (range, 2–17 days). Twelve patients (66.7%) survived on ECMO and five patients (27.8%) were discharged. Our results indicate the PMP oxygenator and the centrifugal pump provided acceptable results in terms of surviving on ECMO and discharge. Patients with an initial catastrophic hemodynamic status could benefit by means of a rapid institution of ECMO with PMP oxygenators.
The sub/supra-optimal temperature-induced inhibition of photosynthesis and oxidative damage in cucumber leaves are alleviated by grafting onto figleaf gourd/luffa rootstocks.

Shoot-root communication is involved in plant stress responses, but its mechanism is largely unknown. To determine the role of roots in stress tolerance, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) shoots from plants with roots of their own or with figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia, a chilling-tolerant species) or luffa (Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. , a heat-tolerant species) rootstocks were exposed to low (18/13°C), optimal (27/22°C) and high (36/31°C) temperatures, respectively. Grafting onto figleaf gourd and luffa rootstocks significantly alleviated chilling and heat-induced reductions, respectively, in biomass production and CO(2) assimilation capacity in the shoots, while levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were decreased. Figleaf gourd and luffa rootstocks upregulated a subset of stress-responsive genes involved in signal transduction (MAPK1 and RBOH), transcriptional regulation (MYB and MYC), protein protection (HSP45.9 and HSP70), the antioxidant response (Cu/Zn-SOD, cAPX and GR), and photosynthesis (RBCL, RBCS, RCA and FBPase) at low and high growth temperatures, respectively, and this was accompanied by increased activity of the encoded enzymes and reduced glutathione redox homeostasis in the leaves. Moreover, Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) expression in cucumber leaves was strongly induced by the luffa rootstock at the high growth temperature but slightly induced by the figleaf gourd rootstock at low or high growth temperatures. These results indicate that rootstocks could induce significant changes in the transcripts of stress-responsive and defense-related genes, and the ROS scavenging activity via unknown signals, especially at stressful growth temperatures, and this is one of mechanisms involved in the grafting-induced stress tolerance.