Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Edge Defects, Vacancies, and Potential Fluctuations on Transport Properties of Extremely Scaled Graphene Nanoribbons

Atomistic quantum transport simulations of a large ensemble of devices are employed to investigate the impact of different sources of disorder on the transport properties of extremely scaled (length of 10 nm and width of 1-4 nm) graphene nanoribbons. We report the dependence of the transport gap, on- and off-state conductances, and on-off ratio on edge-defect density, vacancy density, and potential fluctuation amplitude. For the smallest devices and realistic lattice defect densities, the transport gap increases by up to ~300%, and the on-off ratio reaches almost ~106 . We also report a rather high variation of the transport gap and on-off ratio. In contrast, we find that the potential fluctuations have a negligible impact on the transport gap and cause a relatively modest increase of the on-off ratio.
Asymptotic Error Probability of the Gallager B Decoder Under Timing Errors

In a circuit, timing errors occur when a logic gate output does not switch before the clock rising edge. In this letter, we consider Gallager B decoders under timing errors, following the error model derived by Amaricai et al. from SPICE measurements. For this model, we provide a theoretical analysis of the performance of LDPC decoders. This letter is based on the analysis of the computation trees of the decoder free of logic gate errors and of the decoder with timing errors. As a main result, we show that as the number of iterations goes to infinity, the error probability of the decoder with timing errors converges to the error probability of the logic gate error-free decoder. Monte Carlo simulations confirm this result even for moderate code lengths, which is in accordance with the experimental observations.
m-LOMA - a mobile 3D city map

m-LOMA, mobile LOcation-Aware Messaging Application, is designed to be a mobile portal to location-based information in cities. The user can perform textual searches to location-based content, navigate using 2D maps assisted by a GPS, and leave messages to the environment, or recognize the environment from a 3D map. The 3D map view is the key feature of the m-LOMA system. The m-LOMA client is capable of rendering photorealistic 3D city models with augmented location-based information in a smart phone without hardware rendering support at interactive frame rates. This paper presents the key challenges and solutions in creating this 3D map engine and a lightweight but photorealistic 3D city model.
Klotho: a novel phosphaturic substance acting as an autocrine enzyme in the renal proximal tubule

Klotho has profound effects on phosphate metabolism, but the mechanisms of how Klotho affects phosphate homeostasis is unknown. We detected Klotho in the proximal tubule cell, brush border, and urinary lumen, where phosphate homeostasis resides. Increasing Klotho in the kidney and urine chronically by transgenic overexpression or acutely by intravenous infusion caused hypophosphatemia, phosphaturia from decreased proximal phosphate reabsorption, and decreased activity and protein of the principal renal phosphate transporter NaPi‐2a. The phosphaturic effect was present in FGF23‐null mice, indicating a direct action distinct from Klotho's known role as a coreceptor for FGF23. Direct inhibition of NaPi‐2a by Klotho was confirmed in cultured cells and in cell‐free membrane vesicles characterized by acute inhibition of transport activity followed by decreased cell surface protein. Transport inhibition can be mimicked by recombinant β‐glucuronidase and is associated with proteolytic degradation and reduced surface NaPi‐2a. The inhibitory effect of Klotho on NaPi‐2a was blocked by β‐glucuronidase inhibitor but not by protease inhibitor. Klotho is a novel phosphaturic substance that acts as an enzyme in the proximal tubule urinary lumen by modifying glycans, which cause decreased transporter activity, followed by proteolytic degradation and possibly internalization of NaPi‐2a from the apical membrane. —Hu, M. C. , Shi, M. , Zhang, J., Pastor, J., Nakatani, T. , Lanske, B. , Shawkat Razzaque, M. , Rosenblatt, K. P., Baum, M. G. , Kuro‐o, M. , Moe, O. W. Klotho: a novel phosphaturic substance acting as an autocrine enzyme in the renal proximal tubule. FASEB J. 24, 3438–3450 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Variable-Length Hashing for Exact Pattern Matching

HashMem is a memory based, exact pattern matching architecture for Snort-like intrusion detection. It uses CRC- style functions to determine a unique location for a possible match and then matches the input against the pattern stored in the specified memory location. This approach achieves is a very low logic and a reasonable memory cost. In this paper we extend the HashMem architecture to allow storing of variable-length patterns in a single memory structure, reducing the number of required memory structures and comparators. In this way, we improve the density of the memories and reduce the necessary logic for CRC functions and comparators. These improvements allow V-HashMem to accommodate the newest Snort rule-set with modest memory and very low logic cost of about 0.06 logic cells per search pattern character. This logic cost is almost an order of magnitude smaller compared to other research. Variable length HashMem uses single-ported memories, thus allowing the simultaneous processing of two characters per cycle using the FPGA dual ported memories and additional logic. We also extend the V-HashMem architecture to include a header-ID field and support header matching information, a feature missing both from our own earlier work and many related systems.
Dynamic Limited Dependent Variable Modeling and US Monetary Policy

I estimate, using real-time data, a forward-looking monetary policy reaction function that is dynamic and that also accounts for the fact that there are substantial restrictions in the period-to-period changes of the Fed's policy instrument. I find a substantial contrast between the periods before and after Paul Volcker's appointment as Fed Chairman in 1979, both in terms of the Fed's response to expected inflation and in terms of its response to the (perceived) output gap: In the pre-Volcker era the Fed's response to inflation was substantially weaker than in the Volcker-Greenspan era; conversely, the Fed seems to have been more responsive to real activity in the pre-Volcker era than later
Submicrosecond Scan-Angle Switching Photonic Beamformer With Flat RF Response in the C and X Bands

A wideband (>10 GHz) beamformer, based on a photonic true-time-delay, with submicrosecond scan-angle switching is reported. The smooth microwave transmission (ripples <0.5 dB and <3deg) and superb uniformity among the elements (<0.1 dB and <0.5deg) are then used for the processing of 1 GHz-wide linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals in both the C and X bands with excellent performance. This performance is also maintained under dynamic operation, where a fast tunable laser is employed to provide <300 ns wavelength-controlled angle scanning. Based on these characteristics, an optimized architecture, where a photonic beamformer feeds a series of classical subarrays, can offer high performance in both the time and spatial domains for large, wideband phased-array antennas, with wide scan angles.
Strength and symmetry of the third-order nonlinearity during poling of glass waveguides

Negative thermal poling introduces second-order nonlinear effects into silica glass. The effects are studied using the charge separation model allowing for the third-order nonlinear effect to be anisotropic. The second-order nonlinear coefficient /spl chi//sup (2)/ is found to be consistent with the results reported previously by Arentoft et al. (1999), Ren et al. (2002), and Marckmann et al. (2001) and the third-order nonlinear coefficient /spl chi//sup (3)/ is found to be anisotropic but constant during poling.
A new method for the determination of flow directions and upslope areas in grid digital elevation models

A new procedure for the representation of flow directions and calculation of upslope areas using rectangular grid digital elevation models is presented. The procedure is based on representing flow direction as a single angle taken as the steepest downward slope on the eight triangular facets centered at each grid point. Upslope area is then calculated by proportioning flow between two downslope pixels according to how close this flow direction is to the direct angle to the downslope pixel. This procedure offers improvements over prior procedures that have restricted flow to eight possible directions (introducing grid bia) or proportioned flow according to slope (introducing unrealistic dispersion). The new procedure is more robust than prior procedures based on fitting local planes while retaining a simple grid based structure. Detailed algorithms are presented and results are demonstrated through test examples and application to digital elevation data sets.
The dynamics of the nebula M1-67 around the run-away Wolf-Rayet star WR 124

A new point of view on the dynamics of the circumstellar nebula M1-67 around the run-away Wolf-Rayet (WR) star WR 124 is presented. We simulated the outbursts of nebulae with different morphologies, to compare the results to the observed dynamical spectra of M1-67. We found that it has been interacting with the surrounding ISM and has formed a bow shock due to its high velocity of about 180 kms −1 relative to the local ISM. The star is about 1.3 parsec away from the front of this bow shock. The outbursts that are responsible for the nebula are assumed to be discrete outbursts that occurred inside this bow shock. The ejecta collide with this bow shock shortly after the outburst. After the collision, they are dragged away by the pressure of the ISM, along the surface of the bow shock. The bow shock is oriented in such way that we are looking from the rear into this paraboloid, almost along the main axis. Evidence for this is given firstly by the fact that the far hemisphere is much brighter than the near hemisphere, secondly by the fact that there is hardly any emission found with radial velocities higher than the star's radial velocity, thirdly by the fact that the star looks to be in the centre of the nebula, as seen from Earth, and finally by the asymmetric overall velocity distribution of the nebula, which indicates higher radial velocities in the centre of the nebula, and lower velocities near the edges. We find evidence for at least two discrete outbursts that occurred inside this bow shock. For these outbursts, we find expansion velocities of vexp ≈ 150 kms −1 and dynamical timescales of about 0.8 and 2 ×10 4 yr, which are typical values for LBV outbursts. We therefore conclude that M1-67 originates from several outbursts that occurred inside the bow shock around WR 124, during an LBV phase that preceded the current WR phase of the star.
Durational correlates of prosodic structure in Kayardild vowels

Prosodic prominence and constituency are frequently manifested in the speech signal through segment duration. Short vowels in Kayardild (Tangkic) are examined for such correlates. Acoustic analysis of spontaneous monologues from two speakers provides evidence for lengthening in utterance initial and final syllables. No compression of vowels is found in connection with larger foot size. Evidence indicates lengthening of stressed low vowels and high back vowels but not of high front vowels. There is evidence for lengthening of vowels in open syllables. Vulnerabilities for endangered language research reliant on spontaneous speech, and feasible methodological improvements, are discussed.
How Consumer Impulsiveness Moderates Online Trustworthiness Evaluations: Neurophysiological Insights

With the emergence of new technologies, in particular the Internet, the opportunity for impulsive purchases have expanded enormously. In this research-in-progress, we report the current status of an fMRI-project in which we investigated differences between neural processes in the brains of impulsive and non-impulsive shoppers during the trustworthiness evaluation of online offers. Both our behavioral and fMRI data provide evidence that the impulsiveness of individuals can exert significant influence on the evaluation of online offers, and can potentially affect subsequent purchase behavior. We show that impulsive individuals evaluate trustworthy and untrustworthy offers differently than do non-impulsive individuals. With respect to brain activation, both experimental groups (i.e., impulsive, non-impulsive) exhibit similar neural activation tendencies, but differences exist in the magnitude of activation patterns in brain regions that are closely related to trust and decision making, such as the DLPFC, the insula cortex, and the caudate nucleus.
Stability-Indicating Reverse Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Cefazolin

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to establish the inherent stability of cefazolin through stress studies under a variety of ICH recommended test conditions and, also to develop a stability indicating assay. Methods: A stability-indicating HPLC assay method was developed and validated for cefazolin using an isocratic RP-HPLC method which employed an SS Wakosil II- C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and methanol (5:2 v/v), and UV detection at 254 nm at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The stress testing of cefazolin was carried out under acidic, alkaline, neutral, oxidation and thermal conditions. Results: The drug peak was well resolved from the peaks of the degradation products. The proposed method was validated for sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and solution stability. From the degradation studies it was found that the drug was thermally stable but unstable in acidic, alkaline, neutral and oxidative conditions. The response of drug was linear in the concentration Range of 1 - 50 μg/ml with the number of theoretical plates, and tailing factor being 1341 and 1, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1 and 0.2, μg/ml respectively while recovery ranged from 95 - 100%. Method precision and precision of the system were within the limits of acceptance criteria. Conclusion: This study presents a simple and validated stability-indicating HPLC method for the estimation of cefazolin in the presence of degradation products. The developed method is specific, accurate, precise and robust. All the degradation products formed during forced degradation studies were well separated from the analyte peak. Keywords: Cefazolin; Stability-indicating assay; Reversed-phase HPLC
Incident isolated 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) deficiency is more common than 25(OH)D deficiency in CKD.

INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiencies are well described in general populations and in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although serum 25(OH)D may be a good indicator of vitamin D status in healthy individuals, the hydroxylated product, 1,25(OH)(2)D, essential for important biological functions such as mineral metabolism, bone turnover, regulation of protein synthesis, cell differentiation and proliferation may be a more suitable indicator for individuals with CKD. METHODS We report an observational prospective cohort study of the incidence after 12 months of new isolated 1,25(OH)(2)D and new 25(OH)D deficiency in CKD patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min), who were vitamin D replete at baseline. All analyses were run in a central laboratory. RESULTS Of 1,256 patients who completed the study at 12 months, 631 were replete in both 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)(2)D at baseline; at 12 months, 65% remained replete, 25% developed an isolated 1,25(OH)(2)D deficiency, whereas only 6% developed an isolated 25(OH)D deficiency. Based on the multinomial logistic regression model, factors that were associated with 12-month changes in vitamin D status were diabetes, baseline values of eGFR, albumin and both 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)(2)D (all p values <0.03). Patients with diabetes, lower albumin, lower eGFR, lower levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)(2)D at baseline were at increased risk of developing isolated 1,25(OH)(2)D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of new isolated 1,25(OH)(2)D deficiency as compared with new 25(OH)D deficiency, in the presence of 25(OH)D sufficiency, brings into question the value of measuring 25(OH)D levels in CKD. The significance of these findings and implications for replacement strategies require further study.
Cardiorespiratory Regulation in Migraine. Results in Children and Adolescents and Review of the Literature

To investigate autonomic regulation in juvenile migraine we studied 70 children and adolescents with migraine during the headache-free period and 81 healthy controls by cardiorespiratory function tests. Heart rate variability was analysed with time and frequency domain indices during spontaneous breathing at rest and during metronomic breathing. Changes of heart rate and blood pressure were studied during tilt-table test, active standing, Valsalva manoeuvre and sustained handgrip. We found significant differences in metronomic breathing, tilt-table test and Valsalva manoeuvre. We interpret our findings and results reported in the literature as pointing to a restricted ability of the system to rest, which supports therapies intending to further this ability. In autonomic tests, hyperreactivity in juvenile migraineurs changes to hyporeactivity and passive coping in adults. This might be explained by disturbances of raphe nuclei and the periaqueductal grey. It corresponds to psychological findings in juvenile migraineurs reporting hypersensitivity and repressed aggression and claiming learned helplessness.
KDD Cup and workshop 2007

The KDD Cup is the oldest of the many data mining competitions that are now popular [1]. It is an integral part of the annual ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). In 2007, the traditional KDD Cup competition was augmented with a workshop with a focus on the concurrently active Netflix Prize competition [2]. The KDD Cup itself in 2007 consisted of a prediction competition using Netflix movie rating data, with tasks that were different and separate from those being used in the Netflix Prize itself. At the workshop, participants in both the KDD Cup and the Netflix Prize competition presented their results and analyses, and exchanged ideas.
How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

Abstract. In many locations, our ability to study the processes which shape the Earth are greatly enhanced through the use of high-resolution digital topographic data. However, although the availability of such datasets has markedly increased in recent years, many locations of significant geomorphic interest still do not have high-resolution topographic data available. Here, we aim to constrain how well we can understand surface processes through topographic analysis performed on lower-resolution data. We generate digital elevation models from point clouds at a range of grid resolutions from 1 to 30 m, which covers the range of widely used data resolutions available globally, at three locations in the United States. Using these data, the relationship between curvature and grid resolution is explored, alongside the estimation of the hillslope sediment transport coefficient (D, in m2 yr−1) for each landscape. Curvature, and consequently D, values are shown to be generally insensitive to grid resolution, particularly in landscapes with broad hilltops and valleys. Curvature distributions, however, become increasingly condensed around the mean, and theoretical considerations suggest caution should be used when extracting curvature from landscapes with sharp ridges. The sensitivity of curvature and topographic gradient to grid resolution are also explored through analysis of one-dimensional approximations of curvature and gradient, providing a theoretical basis for the results generated using two-dimensional topographic data. Two methods of extracting channels from topographic data are tested. A geometric method of channel extraction that finds channels by detecting threshold values of planform curvature is shown to perform well at resolutions up to 30 m in all three landscapes. The landscape parameters of hillslope length and relief are both successfully extracted at the same range of resolutions. These parameters can be used to detect landscape transience and our results suggest that such work need not be confined to high-resolution topographic data. A synthesis of the results presented in this work indicates that although high-resolution (e.g., 1 m) topographic data do yield exciting possibilities for geomorphic research, many key parameters can be understood in lower-resolution data, given careful consideration of how analyses are performed.
A Pilot Study of Raltegravir Plus Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Challenges and Lessons Learned

Abstract Availability of integrase strand transfer inhibitors created interest in determining whether their use would decrease persistently infected cell numbers. This study hypothesized that adding raltegravir (RAL) to standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) would decrease human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected CD4+ T cells more than standard combination ART. This was a pilot, randomized study comparing open-label standard triple ART to standard triple ART plus RAL over 96 weeks in ART-naive adults with early HIV infection. The primary objective was to compare quantity and trajectory of HIV DNA. Eighty-two persons were referred. A diverse set of reasons precluded the enrollment of all but 10. Those who enrolled and completed the study had an estimated median duration of HIV infection of 74 days at ART start. The groups had similar baseline characteristics. The RAL group had more rapid first phase plasma HIV RNA decay (0.67 log10 copies/mL/day) than with combination ART (0.34 log10copies/mL/day), p = 0.037. Second phase HIV RNA decay, residual viremia, cell-associated RNA, HIV DNA, CD4+ T-cells with replication-competent virus, and 2LTR circle levels did not differ between groups. Among those with entry plasma HIV RNA levels above the median, 2LTR circles were significantly lower over time than in those with lower entry HIV RNA levels (p = 0.02). Our results suggest homogeneity of responses in cell-associated RNA, HIV DNA, CD4+ T-cells with replication-competent virus, and 2LTR circles with early HIV in both ART groups. The kinetics of 2LTR DNA did not reflect the kinetics of plasma HIV RNA decline following ART initiation.
Oxygen uptake during the MBE growth of AlxGa1−xAs epitaxial layers

This paper presents the results of a study of oxygen incorporation in AlxGa1-xAs epitaxial layers during MBE growth. Controlled, low levels of high purity oxygen have been introduced during growth and the structural properties of the layers measured by high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD), while Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) has been used to measure the oxygen content in the layers. The observations are interpreted by comparing these lattice parameter measurements with AlxGa1-xAs layers grown without admitting oxygen to the growth chamber. In the presence of oxygen, the AlxGa1-xAs lattice parameter exhibits contraction for Al fractions x up to 0.65 while layers with x fractions greater than 0.65 show an expansion in the AlxGa1-xAs lattice parameter. The x-fraction oxygen incorporation dependence, as well as the lattice parameter behavior, are accounted for by a model which discriminates between the propensities for O2 to incorporate at As sites by (i) bonding to pairs of Ga atoms in the layer below, (ii) to pairs of Al atoms in the layer below or (iii) a combination of one Ga and one Al atom in the layer below.