Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Rape Culture" language and the news media: contested versus non-contested cases

Abstract: The American news media has recently reported on several rape and sexual assault cases in various cultural settings, sparking public conversations about rape culture in different cultural contexts. The article is focused as a Critical Discourse Analysis that compares the language use in news articles from The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal over a six months period in order to more clearly understand the way the news media uses language in regards to gender and sexual assault and creates a spectrum of valid versus contested reports of sexual assault in different cultural settings. Keywords: rape culture, news media, discourse analysis, sexual assault, masculinity *** Resume : Les medias d’information americains ont recemment raporte plusieurs cas de viols et d’agressions sexuelles dans divers contextes culturels, suscitant des discussions publiques sur « la culture du viol ». L’article se focalise sur une analyse critique du discours comparant le langage utilise dans les articles de presse du New York Times et Wall Street Journal sur une periode de six mois afin de mieux comprendre la facon dont les medias d’information utilisent le langage lie au sexe et aux agression sexuelles, et comment ils creent des affaires d’agression sexuelles non-contestees et contestees dans differents contextes culturels. Mots-cles : culture du viol, medias d’information, analyse du discours, agression sexuelle, masculinity
Breast-milk sodium as a predictor of breastfeeding patterns.

This study partially replicates and extends a study reporting that elevated breast-milk sodium BM [Na+] during early lactogenesis was predictive of poor breastfeeding outcomes. The present study used 6-day postpartum breast milk. Consistent with the findings of the earlier study, 80% of those with a BM [Na+] of 16 mmol/L or lower at day 6 sustained a high level of breastfeeding at week 4, compared to only 50% of those with an elevated BM [Na+] (chi 2 = 4.05, df = 1, p = .04). This difference was even greater in a subgroup of mothers predicted to be at high risk for insufficient milk supply on the basis of support density and self-perception variables. Of the latter group, 75% with low BM [Na+] sustained a high level of breastfeeding at 4 weeks postpartum, compared to only 22% with an elevated BM [Na+] (chi 2 = .65, df = 1, p = .01). In contrast, among the low-risk mothers BM [Na+] levels were not associated with any difference in breast-milk sustainment (89% and 82% sustainment for low- and high-sodium groups, respectively). Thus a normal drop in BM [Na+] is predictive of higher sustainment of breastfeeding. However, the predictive validity of this marker appears to be enhanced by combining it with the psychosocial variables of support density and self-perception of breastfeeding by the mother.
El efecto audiencia y el efecto coactuación en el lanzamiento a canasta

The aim of this study was to analyse audience and coactor effects in a simple motor task, the free throw. Participants were 40 male high school students, aged 14 to 17 years, that were familiar (N = 20) or unfamiliar (N = 20) with the task proposed. Performance was examined while subjects acted in three different experimental situations: a) alone; b) in front of a passive audience of 10 peers; and c) throwing together with a peer, with no external observation. Significant effects were observed for familiarity with the task (F1,38 = 79.9, P<0.001), experimental situation (alone, audience or coacting) (F2,76 = 7.7, P< 0.001) and interaction (F2,76 = 4.7, P<0.01). Scores in each of the three sitautions were significantly higher for the group familiar with the task. Both passive audience and presence of coactors significantly reduced number of scores in comparison to shots taken alone only in the group unfamiliar with the task. Our results confirm the importance of a better knowledge of social facilitation during performance of motor tasks in sport setting, and the necessity of considering both audience and coactor effects while learning new motor abilities. KEY WORDS: social facilitation, free throw, audience.
Oral microbiota species in acute apical endodontic abscesses

Background and objectives Acute apical abscesses are serious endodontic diseases resulting from pulpal infection with opportunistic oral microorganisms. The objective of this study was to identify and compare the oral microbiota in patients (N=18) exhibiting acute apical abscesses, originating from the demographic region in Portland, Oregon. The study hypothesis is that abscesses obtained from this demographic region may contain unique microorganisms not identified in specimens from other regions. Design Endodontic abscesses were sampled from patients at the Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) School of Dentistry. DNA from abscess specimens was subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification using 16S rRNA gene-specific primers and Cy3-dCTP labeling. Labeled DNA was then applied to microbial microarrays (280 species) generated by the Human Oral Microbial Identification Microarray Laboratory (Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA). Results The most prevalent microorganisms, found across multiple abscess specimens, include Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Megasphaera species clone CS025, Prevotella multisaccharivorax, Atopobium rimae, and Porphyromonas endodontalis. The most abundant microorganisms, found in highest numbers within individual abscesses, include F. nucleatum, P. micra, Streptococcus Cluster III, Solobacterium moorei, Streptococcus constellatus, and Porphyromonas endodontalis. Strong bacterial associations were identified between Prevotella multisaccharivorax, Acidaminococcaceae species clone DM071, Megasphaera species clone CS025, Actinomyces species clone EP053, and Streptococcus cristatus (all with Spearman coefficients >0.9). Conclusions Cultivable and uncultivable bacterial species have been identified in endodontic abscesses obtained from the Portland, Oregon demographic region, and taxa identifications correlated well with other published studies, with the exception of Treponema and Streptococcus cristae, which were not commonly identified in endodontic abscesses between the demographic region in Portland, Oregon and other regions.
Primate evidence on the late health effects of early-life adversity

This paper exploits a unique ongoing experiment to analyze the effects of early rearing conditions on physical and mental health in a sample of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We analyze the health records of 231 monkeys that were randomly allocated at birth across three rearing conditions: mother rearing, peer rearing, and surrogate peer rearing. We show that the lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years engendered by adverse rearing conditions has detrimental long-term effects on health that are not compensated for by a normal social environment later in life.
Reducing power using body biasing in microprocessors with dynamic voltage /frequency scaling

Body biasing has been demonstrated to be effective in addressing process variability in a variety of simple chip designs. However, for modern microprocessor ICs with multiple cores and dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (DVFS), the use of body biasing has significant implications. For a 16core chip-multiprocessor implemented in a high-performance 22 nm technology, the body biases required to meet the frequency target at the lowest and highest voltage/frequency levels differ by an average of 0.7 V, implying that per-level biases are required to fully leverage body biasing. The need to make abrupt changes in the body biases when the voltage/frequency level changes affects the cost/benefit analysis of body biasing schemes. It is demonstrated that computing unique body biases for each voltage/frequency level at chip power-on offers the best tradeoff among a variety of methods in terms of area, performance, and power. While continuously adjusting the body biases during operation offers improvements in energy/efficiency, these benefits were outweighed by the implementation costs. The implementation costs of continuously adjusting the body biases are dominated by the settling time of the controller. Existing controllers designed for simple general-purpose microprocessors do not optimize for settling time, and require D/A converters with high time constants. We propose a fully-analog controller that is able to achieve significantly lower settling time for a fixed area and power than previous controllers. With the proposed controller, continuously computing the body biases offers a better tradeoff in terms of area, performance, and power than computing unique body biases for each voltage/frequency level at chip power-on. Further improvements in energy/efficiency can be achieved with an integrated approach to body biasing and DVFS. Because VDD scaling and body biasing have different effects on static versus dynamic power, the operating point yielding the lowest overall power is dependent on the percentage of total power due to leakage. Leakage power, in turn, is strongly influenced by process variations. ii Limitations of existing body biasing/DVFS proposals are explored, and a new scheme, test-time voltage selection (TTVS), is presented. By delaying the mapping between frequency and supply voltage until test, leakage variability information can be incorporated into the VDD selection process. TTVS results in 18% power savings over independent body biasing/DVFS and 11% power savings over the best of several previously proposed body biasing/DVFS schemes.
Organizational commitment and intentions to quit: An examination of the moderating effects of psychological contract breach in Trinidad and Tobago

Purpose – The study, conducted in Trinidad and Tobago, seeks to investigate the relationships among perceived organizational support, psychological contract, and affective organizational commitment. In addition, the study aims to test the moderating effect of psychological contract breach in the relationship between affective commitment and turnover intentions.Design/methodology/approach – The research was a cross‐sectional study of employees in media organizations in Trinidad and Tobago.Findings – Perceived organizational support led to affective commitment and the latter, in turn, led to lowered turnover intentions. However, employees with higher levels of affective commitment who perceived a psychological contract breach were more likely to think about quitting their jobs. There was no significant relationship between employees' psychological contract and their affective commitment.Research limitations/implications – The study's findings are generalizable to other print media organizations and perhaps .
The Intelligibility of Multiple Talkers Separated Spatially in Noise

Abstract : Speech communication are seldom isolated auditory events in quiet environments. Frequently, the desired speech signal is confounded with other speech signals and noises. Real-world environments often degrade the intelligibility of the desired speech signal. In this book chapter (Binaural and Spatial Hearing in Real and Virtual Environments, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ, publishers, 1997), the literature on the speech intelligibility of competing messages and the masking of speech is reviewed. The literature on the detection of speech is included to describe factors that can affect speech intelligibility. Following the review, several experiments are presented in which the effects of various conflicting signals on speech communications are measured. Virtual audio over headphones is used to investigate the effects of directional separation of talkers, the quantity and gender of talkers, the degree of masker interaural correlation, masking level, and selective attention. The results are discussed and compared with the previous literature.
Relating cone signals to color appearance: Failure of monotonicity in yellow/blue

Observers performed red–green and yellow–blue hue cancellation tasks for a 0.8-deg circular test field on a dark surround, by manipulating the excitation level of one cone class while the other two classes were held constant. The results of the red–green judgments conformed to classical opponent color theory in that both L- and S-cone excitation levels were antagonistic to M-cone signals. The yellow–blue judgments revealed a nonmonotonic nonlinearity in which the S-cone signal could act either antagonistically or synergistically with M- and L-cone signals. These results demonstrate that fixed hue sensations should not be associated with a given class of cone, even at the level of opponent neural coding.
Classification of Sea Ice Types in ENVISAT Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

In this paper, sea ice in the Central Arctic has been classified in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from ENVISAT using a neural network (NN)-based algorithm and a Bayesian algorithm. Since different sea ice types can have similar backscattering coefficients at C-band HH polarization, it is necessary to use textural features in addition to the backscattering coefficients. The analysis revealed that the most informative texture features for the classification of multiyear ice (MYI), deformed first-year ice (FYI) (DFYI), and level FYI (LFYI) and open water/nilas are correlation, inertia, cluster prominence, energy, homogeneity, and entropy, as well as third and fourth central statistical moments of image brightness. The optimal topology of the NN, trained for ENVISAT wide-swath SAR sea ice classification, consists of nine neurons in input layer, six neurons in hidden layer, and three neurons in output layer. The classification results for a series of 20 SAR images, acquired in the central part of the Arctic Ocean during winter months, were compared to expert analysis of the images and ice charts. The results of the NN classification show that the average correspondences with the expert analysis amount to 85 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\%$</tex></formula>, 83<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\%$</tex></formula>, and 80<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\%$</tex></formula> for LFYI, DFYI, and MYI, respectively. The Bayesian pixel-based method can provide a higher resolution in the classified image and, therefore, better capability to identify leads compared to the NN method. Both methods may be effectively used in the Central Arctic where MYI is predominant.
Nitric oxide radicals in leucocytes and vaginal washes of Trichomonas vaginalis-infected symptomatic and asymptomatic women

The clinical spectrum of Trichomonas vaginalis infection varies from asymptomatic to mild, moderate or severe vaginitis. Nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen radicals produced by immune effector cells are important cytotoxic and cytostatic mediators against several microorganisms including parasites. In the present study, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) were determined in leucocyte cultures (stimulated with T. vaginalis in vitro) and vaginal washes (VWs) of 22 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic T. vaginalis-infected and 20 healthy women by immunoblotting and Griess method respectively. The iNOS protein was detected in leucocytes and VWs of all the symptomatic and asymptomatic women, but was not detected in any of the samples from healthy women. Mean iNOS protein band intensity was significantly higher in leucocytes as compared to VWs (P<0·001) of both symptomatic and asymptomatic women and was also higher in leucocytes of asymptomatic as compared to symptomatic women (P<0·05). Mean RNI concentration was also significantly higher in leucocytes (P<0·01) and VWs (P<0·05) of asymptomatic as compared to symptomatic women, and was also higher in samples of infected as compared to healthy women (P<0·001). These results suggest that reactive nitrogen radicals may have a role in limiting T. vaginalis infection in asymptomatic women.
Panic attacks in an individual with bilateral selective lesions of the amygdala.

OBJECTIVE To describe the unique case of a patient with panic attacks and bilateral selective amygdala lesions due to Urbach-Wiethe disease. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Medical University of Vienna. Patient A 38-year-old man with Urbach-Wiethe disease developed spontaneous panic attacks and depressive mood, which ceased after antidepressive treatment. INTERVENTIONS Video electroencephalography monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychological testing. RESULTS Extended video electroencephalography monitoring excluded an epileptic etiology of the panic attacks. Results of cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral selective calcifications of the whole amygdaloid complex. Neuropsychological testing revealed selective memory impairment of autobiographic episodes with preserved memory for autobiographic facts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the occurrence of panic attacks does not critically depend on the integrity of the amygdala. Furthermore, the neuropsychological findings in our patient suggest that the amygdala represents an essential neural substrate for the processing of episodic autobiographic memories.
A MPPT approach based on temperature measurements applied in PV systems

Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT) are quite required in order to maximize the extracted power from photovoltaic (PV) generators. Since the PV module output power depends on environmental conditions, the tracking algorithm must ensure velocity and accuracy. Traditionally, methods like Constant Voltage, Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IncCond) are widely employed and the choice from one or other depends on static and dynamic tracking features. This paper presents a method based on temperature measurements, in which the PV module surface temperature is uses to determine the maximum power point voltage. This technique is only possible because the voltage across the PV module terminals is directly related with the surface temperature. The proposed scheme allows simplicity, velocity and accuracy. Theoretical, simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the concepts.
Study on Teleconnection between Winter Convective Activity over Tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean and Subsequent Summer Precipitation in China Based on Satellite-Derived Data

On the basis of NOAA monthly OLR data and Chinese National Climate Center precipitation data of 160 stations from 1979 to 2007, the spatial and temporal characteristics of winter convection activity over Tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (TIOPO) and its relationship with subsequent summer precipitation over China have been analyzed. The results show that the winter convection activity has weakened over the the south of TIOPO, and strengthened over the north of TIOPO in past 29 years. The EOF analysis indicates that the winter convection activity over TIOPO exhibit an east-west opposite-phase and an south-north opposite-phase distribution. The wavelet analysis indicates the winter OLR over TIOPO exhibits quasi-14-year oscillation. The SVD analysis suggests that the convection activity over TIOPO in winter is related to the subsequent summer precipitation in China.
International handbook of giftedness and talent

Changing Conceptions on Giftedness and Talent. Development of Giftedness and Talent. Identification of Giftedness and Talent. Gifted Education and Programming. Counseling and Nurturing Giftedness and Talent. Examples of Country Efforts, Policies, Programs and Issues. Present and Future of Research and Education of the Gifted and Talented.
PV cell angle optimisation for energy arrival-consumption matching in a solar energy harvesting cellular network

Despite the increasing interest in photovoltaic (PV) cell powered small-cell base stations (SBSs), it has not been sufficiently studied yet how different PV cell angles can be utilized to achieve a good match between the energy arrival and consumption at the SBS. This is especially important in an urban environment where cellular network operators often struggle to apply optimal angles to the PV cells due to implementation constraints or shadowing effects of surrounding buildings. We develop an energy generation, storage and consumption model of a PV cell powered SBS, which includes the effects of PV cell orientations. A linear optimization problem is derived to optimize the energy performance of the SBS throughout the day. The effects of different PV cell orientations on the green energy utilization are evaluated assuming deployment in London in summer and winter. Our results show that west orientated PV cells (45° misalignment to the southern direction) are preferred in London during summer, whereas south orientated ones are preferred during winter. This reveals that the PV cell orientation needs to be optimized for not only the location and weather of the SBS deployment site but also the network traffic distribution in time (or energy consumption profile) of the deployment location.
Epistatically Interacting Substitutions Are Enriched during Adaptive Protein Evolution

Most experimental studies of epistasis in evolution have focused on adaptive changes—but adaptation accounts for only a portion of total evolutionary change. Are the patterns of epistasis during adaptation representative of evolution more broadly? We address this question by examining a pair of protein homologs, of which only one is subject to a well-defined pressure for adaptive change. Specifically, we compare the nucleoproteins from human and swine influenza. Human influenza is under continual selection to evade recognition by acquired immune memory, while swine influenza experiences less such selection due to the fact that pigs are less likely to be infected with influenza repeatedly in a lifetime. Mutations in some types of immune epitopes are therefore much more strongly adaptive to human than swine influenza—here we focus on epitopes targeted by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The nucleoproteins of human and swine influenza possess nearly identical numbers of such epitopes. However, mutations in these epitopes are fixed significantly more frequently in human than in swine influenza, presumably because these epitope mutations are adaptive only to human influenza. Experimentally, we find that epistatically constrained mutations are fixed only in the adaptively evolving human influenza lineage, where they occur at sites that are enriched in epitopes. Overall, our results demonstrate that epistatically interacting substitutions are enriched during adaptation, suggesting that the prevalence of epistasis is dependent on the underlying evolutionary forces at play.