Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Process Algebraic View of Latency-Insensitive Systems

Latency-insensitive (LI) systems are those which can function correctly in spite of delays along its connecting wires. This delay is assumed to be a multiple of the clock period. The paper presents a single-clock process algebraic model for such systems. It gives the definitions for LI computational blocks and LI connectors. Important properties for these are shown to be satisfied. Composition of such modules can be done by the parallel composition operator of the process algebra. Conditions are given to check for liveness and deadlock freedom of LI systems. Comparison of latency equivalence between streams of events can be done using the model and this leads to a method of proving latency-equivalent modules. The paper is a step toward high-level specification and verification of such systems. The work can be extended to address more complex interconnections by modeling the underlying finite-state machines.
Optimizing multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing for wheat

Background CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing holds great promise to accelerate the development of new crop varieties by providing a powerful tool to modify the genomic regions controlling major agronomic traits. To diversify the set of tools available for wheat genome engineering, we have established a tRNA-based multiplex gene editing strategy for hexaploid wheat. Results The functionality of the various CRISPR/Cas9 components was assessed using the transient expression in the wheat protoplasts followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the targeted genomic regions. The efficiency of wheat codon-optimized Cas9 for targeted gene editing in wheat was validated. Multiple single guide RNAs (gRNAs) were evaluated for the ability to edit the homoeologous copies of four genes affecting some important agronomic traits in wheat. Low correspondence was found between the gRNA efficiency predicted bioinformatically and that assessed in the transient expression assay. A multiplex gene editing construct with several gRNA-tRNA units under the control of a single promoter for the RNA polymerase III generated indels at the targets sites with the efficiency comparable to that obtained for a single gRNA construct. Conclusions By integrating the protoplast transformation assay with multiplexed NGS, it is possible to perform fast functional screens for a large number of gRNAs and to optimize constructs for effective editing of multiple independent targets in the wheat genome. The multiplexing capacity of the tandemly arrayed tRNA–gRNA construct is well suited for the simultaneous editing of the redundant gene copies in the allopolyploid genomes or genomic regions beneficially affecting multiple agronomic traits. A polycistronic gene construct that can be quickly assembled using the Golden Gate reaction along with the wheat codon optimized Cas9 will further expand the set of tools available for engineering the wheat genome.
Maternal mental health and risk of child protection involvement: mental health diagnoses associated with increased risk

Background Previous research shows that maternal mental illness is an important risk factor for child maltreatment. This study aims to quantify the relationship between maternal mental health and risk of child maltreatment according to the different types of mental health diagnoses. Methods The study used a retrospective cohort of children born in Western Australia between 1990 and 2005, with deidentified linked data from routine health and child protection collections. Results Nearly 1 in 10 children (9.2%) of mothers with a prior mental health contact had a maltreatment allegation. Alternatively, almost half the children with a maltreatment allegation had a mother with a mental health contact. After adjusting for other risk factors, a history of mental health contacts was associated with a more than doubled risk of allegations (HR=2.64, 95% CI 2.50 to 2.80). Overall, all mental health diagnostic groups were associated with an increased risk of allegations. The greatest risk was found for maternal intellectual disability, followed by disorders of childhood and psychological development, personality disorders, substance-related disorders, and organic disorders. Maltreatment allegations were substantiated at a slightly higher rate than for the general population. Conclusions Our study shows that maternal mental health is an important factor in child protection involvement. The level of risk varies across diagnostic groups. It is important that mothers with mental health issues are offered appropriate support and services. Adult mental health services should also be aware and discuss the impact of maternal mental health on the family and children's safety and well-being.
Time resolved electro-optic measurements in strained silicon racetrack resonators

In this paper, we report on time resolved electro-optic measurements in strained silicon resonators. Strain is induced by applying a mechanical deformation to the device. It is demonstrated that the linear electro-optic effect vanishes when the applied voltage modulation varies much faster than the free carrier lifetime, and that this occurs independently on the level of the applied stress. This demonstrates that, at frequencies which lie below the free carrier recombination rate, the electro-optic modulation is caused by plasma carrier dispersion. After normalizing out free carrier effects, it is found an upper limit of χ(2) = (8 ± 3) pm/V to the value of the strain induced χeff,zzz(2) tensor component. This is an order of magnitude lower than the previously reported values for static electro-optic measurements.
Explaining the infant''s object concept: Beyond the perception/cognition dichotomy

Some of the most exciting research in recent cognitive science has involved the demonstration that young infants possess a remarkable array of discriminative abilities. Infants a few months old have been shown to have a substantial amount of ‘initial knowledge’ about objects, in domains such as physics and arithmetic (for recent reviews and overviews, see Baillargeon, 1995; Carey, 1995; Spelke, 1994; Spelke, Gutheil, & Van de Walle, 1995; Spelke, Vishton, & von Hofsten, 1995). In this chapter we will be concerned with what such results tell us about the structure of the infant’s mind — in other words with what the phrase ‘initial knowledge’ means in terms of the underlying cognitive architecture. For the duration of this chapter, we will adopt Spelke’s phrase ‘initial knowledge’ without scare-quotes, having recognized that it is precisely the meaning of this phrase which is at issue. Traditional discussions have often addressed the nature of initial knowledge in terms of an implicit dichotomy between ‘perception’ and ‘cognition’ (e.g. Bogartz, Shinskey, & Speaker, 1997; Kellman, 1988; Leslie, 1988; Spelke, 1988a, 1988b). From within such a dichotomy, ‘perception’ has often been found want-
The role of higher CO-multipole moments in understanding the dynamics of photodissociated carbonmonoxide in myoglobin.

The influence of electrostatic multipole moments up to hexadecapole on the dynamics of photodissociated carbon monoxide (CO) in myoglobin is investigated. The CO electrostatic potential is expressed as an expansion into atomic multipole moments of increasing order up to octopole which are obtained from a distributed multipole analysis. Three models with increasingly accurate molecular multipoles (accurate quadrupole, octopole, and hexadecapole moments, respectively) are developed and used in molecular dynamics simulations. All models with a fluctuating quadrupole moment correctly describe the location of the B-state whereas the sign of the octopole moment differentiates between the Fe.CO and Fe.OC orientation. For the infrared spectrum of photodissociated CO, considerable differences between the three electrostatic models are found. The most detailed electrostatic model correctly reproduces the splitting, shift, and width of the CO spectrum in the B-state. From an analysis of the trajectories, the spectroscopic B(1) and B(2) states are assigned to the Fe.CO and Fe.OC substates, respectively.
Brain waves for automatic biometric-based user recognition

Brain signals have been investigated within the medical field for more than a century to study brain diseases like epilepsy, spinal cord injuries, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, schizophrenia, and stroke among others. They are also used in both brain computer and brain machine interface systems with assistance, rehabilitative, and entertainment applications. Despite the broad interest in clinical applications, the use of brain signals has been only recently investigated by the scientific community as a biometric characteristic to be used in automatic people recognition systems. However, brain signals present some peculiarities, not shared by the most commonly used biometrics, such as face, iris, and fingerprints, with reference to privacy compliance, robustness against spoofing attacks, possibility to perform continuous identification, intrinsic liveness detection, and universality. These peculiarities make the use of brain signals appealing. On the other hand, there are many challenges which need to be properly addressed. The understanding of the level of uniqueness and permanence of brain responses, the design of elicitation protocols, and the invasiveness of the acquisition process are only few of the challenges which need to be tackled. In this paper, we further speculate on those issues, which represent an obstacle toward the deployment of biometric systems based on the analysis of brain activity in real life applications and intend to provide a critical and comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods for electroencephalogram-based automatic user recognition, also reporting neurophysiological evidences related to the performed claims.
Sacred Topography and Social Memory: Religious Change and the Landscape in Early Modern Britain and Ireland1

This article analyses the relationship between the tumultuous religious changes of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the landscape of the British Isles. It examines the immediate impact and long-term cultural repercussions of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations on perceptions of and practices associated with the natural world and physical environment, as well as the influence exerted by intellectual and cultural trends associated with developments in science, medicine, and antiquarianism. Reformed theology fundamentally undermined traditional assumptions about the presence of the sacred in the material universe, but the religious ruptures of the era were tempered and complicated by elements of continuity and movements of counter-reaction. Springs, trees, stones, and other notable topographical landmarks retained powerful religious resonances after the Reformation. Potent reminders of the pre-Reformation past, they also provided a stimulus to the making of new myths and legends and acted as catalysts of the transformation of social memory.
A Meta-Meta-Model for Seven Business Process Modeling Languages

Many different business process modelling languages (BPMLs) have been designed in recent years. In cross-organizational business processes and heterogeneous organizations where multiple BPMLs are deployed there is a need for a unified view to ease communication and foster understandability. This paper proposes a language independent abstraction of seven mainstream BPMLs' concepts, in a unified meta-meta model based on an analysis of these modelling languages. Generic concepts are identified and a unified metamodel is developed. An ontological analysis of the representational capability of this metamodel is examined in relation to the Bunge-Wand-Weber ontology and applicability of the approach is demonstrated via an Example.
Analyst Coverage and Financing Decisions

We provide evidence that analyst coverage affects the pattern of security issuance. First, firms covered by fewer analysts are less likely to issue equity as opposed to debt. They issue equity less frequently, but when they do so, it is in larger amounts. Moreover, these firms depend more on favorable market conditions for their equity issuance decisions. Although all firms issue larger amounts of equity after favorable stock returns, this tendency is more pronounced for less covered firms. Finally, debt ratios of firms followed by fewer analysts are more affected by Baker and Wurgler's (2002) external finance-weighted average market-to-book ratio than those of firms followed by more analysts. These results are consistent with market timing behavior in the presence of information asymmetry, as well as behavior implied by dynamic adverse selection models of equity issuance.
Modulation of the biological activities of meningococcal endotoxins by association with outer membrane proteins is not inevitably linked to toxicity

Meningococcal sepsis results partly from overproduction of host cytokines after macrophages interact with endotoxin. To obtain less toxic and highly immunomodulatory meningococcal endotoxins for prophylactic purposes, we investigated the relationship between endotoxicity and immunomodulatory activity of several endotoxin preparations from Neisseria meningitidis group B. Using the D-galactosamine-sensitized mouse model to determine endotoxin lethality, we found that the toxicity of purified lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from M986, a group B disease strain, was three to four times higher than those of purified LOSs from the noncapsulated strains M986-NCV-1 and OP-, the truncated-LOS mutant. The LOSs of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and detergent-treated OMVs (D-OMVs) from the three strains were 2 to 3 and over 300 times less toxic than the purified LOSs, respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of these preparations induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum 2 h after injections. However, repeated doses of low- and high-toxicity preparations induced lower amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6, i.e., LOS tolerance. Injection of mice with low doses of LOS was as effective as injection with high doses in inducing tolerance. Peritoneal macrophages from tolerant mice pretreated with either high- or low-toxicity LOS preparations produced only a fraction of the amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 produced by control groups in response to LOS ex vivo. Despite tolerance to LOS induced by pretreatment with reduced-toxicity preparations, killing of N. meningitidis M986 by macrophages from these animals was enhanced. Protection was achieved when mice treated with LOS, and especially that of D-OMVs, were challenged with live N. meningitidis. The least toxic LOS, that in D-OMVs, was most effective in inducing hyporesponsiveness to endotoxin in mice but protected them against challenge with N. meningitidis. No inevitable link between toxicity and host immune modulation and responses was shown. Our results show that LOS is responsible for both toxicity and immunomodulation. When LOS is tightly associated with outer membrane proteins in D-OMV, it reduces toxicity but enhances beneficial effects compared to results with its purified form. Thus, systematic and critical evaluation of D-OMVs as adjuvants or as portions of group B meningococcal vaccines may help improve survival and outcome in meningococcal sepsis.
Ethanol Production from Whey by Kluyveromyces marxianus in Batch Fermentation System: Kinetics Parameters Estimation

Whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained. It is a by-product of the manufacture of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses. In environmental point of view, whey is kind of waste which has high pollution level due to it’s contain high organic compound with BOD and COD value 50 and 80 g/L respectively. On the other side, whey also contain an amount of lactose (4.5%-5%); lactose can be used as carbon source and raw material for producing ethanol via fermentation using yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus . The objective of this research is to investigate the ethanol production kinetics from crude whey through fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus and to predict the model kinetics parameter. The yeast was able to metabolize most of the lactose within 16 h to give 8.64 g/L ethanol, 4.43 g/L biomass, and remain the 3.122 g/L residual lactose. From the results presented it also can be concluded that common kinetic model for microbial growth, substrate consumption, and product formation is a good alternative to describe an experimental batch fermentation of Kluyveromyces marxianus grown on a medium composed of whey. The model was found to be capable of reflecting all batch culture phases to a certain degree of accuracy, giving the parameter value: μmax, Ks, YX/S, α, β : 0.32, 10.52, 0.095, 1.52, and 0.11 respectively. © 2013 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved ( Selected Paper from International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering (ICCME) 2012 ) Received: 27th September 2012; Revised: 29th November 2012; Accepted: 7th December 2012 [ How to Cite : D. Ariyanti, H. Hadiyanto, (2013). Ethanol Production from Whey by Kluyveromyces marxianus in Batch Fermentation System: Kinetics Parameters Estimation. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis , 7 (3): 179-184. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.7.3.4044.179-184)] [ Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.9767/bcrec.7. 3.4044. 179-184 ] View in |
Psychometric Properties of the Child Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory in a Sample of Brazilian Children

Cognitive models of trauma propose that maladaptive cognitions in children and adolescents are causally implicated in the unfolding and maintenance of posttraumatic response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Child Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI). The sample included 131 children and adolescents. The psychometric properties of the CPTCI were examined, including reliability and convergent validity. The results showed high internal consistency for both CPTCI total scale (α = .90) and its subscales (CPTCI–PC α = .88 and CPTCI–SW α = .79) and a 2-component solution explaining 37.63% of the variance of CPTCI. Convergent validity evidence was obtained through correlations with the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children and Children’s Depression Inventory. Findings suggest that CPTCI instruments are reliable and had adequate evidence of validity.
Combining subproteome enrichment and Rubisco depletion enables identification of low abundance proteins differentially regulated during plant defense

Transgenic Arabidopsis conditionally expressing the bacterial avrRpm1 type III effector under the control of a dexamethasone‐responsive promoter were used for proteomics studies. This model system permits study of an individual effector without interference from additional bacterial components. Coupling of different prefractionation approaches to high resolution 2‐DE facilitated the discovery of low abundance proteins – enabling the identification of proteins that have escaped detection in similar experiments. A total of 34 differentially regulated protein spots were identified. Four of these (a remorin, a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), an RNA‐binding protein, and a C2‐domain‐containing protein) are potentially early signaling components in the interaction between AvrRpm1 and the cognate disease resistance gene product, resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola 1 (RPM1). For the remorin and RNA‐binding protein, involvement of PTM and post‐transcriptional regulation are implicated, respectively.
Leptin reverses declines in satiation in weight-reduced obese humans.

BACKGROUND Individuals who are weight-reduced or leptin deficient have a lower energy expenditure coupled with higher hunger and disinhibition and/or delayed satiation compared with never-weight-reduced control subjects. Because exogenous leptin inhibits feeding in congenitally leptin-deficient humans, reduced leptin signaling may reduce the expression of feeding inhibition in humans. OBJECTIVE The objective was to test the hypothesis that reduced leptin signaling may reduce the expression of feeding inhibition (ie, blunt satiation) in humans by examining the effects of leptin repletion on feeding behavior after weight loss. DESIGN Ten obese humans (4 men, 6 women) were studied as inpatients while they received a weight-maintaining liquid-formula diet. Satiation was studied by measuring intake and ratings of appetite-related dispositions 3 h after ingestion of 300 kcal of the liquid-formula diet. The subjects were studied at each of 3 time periods: 1) while they maintained their usual weight (Wt(initial)) and then after weight reduction and stabilization at 10% below initial weight and while they received 5 wk of either 2) twice-daily injections of placebo (Wt(-10%placebo)) or 3) "replacement doses" of leptin (Wt(-10%leptin)) in a single-blind crossover design with a 2-wk washout period between treatments. Energy expenditure was also measured at each study period. RESULTS Both energy expenditure and visual analog scale ratings that reflect satiation were significantly lower at Wt(-10%placebo) than at Wt(initial) and Wt(-10%leptin). CONCLUSION The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the absence of leptin signaling after weight loss may blunt the expression of feeding inhibition in humans.
The relationships among social capital, health promotion, and job satisfaction at hospitals in Taiwan

In a working environment that is high-risk, knowledge-intensive, extremely stressful, and competitive, medical institutions have increasingly come to value the concepts of social capital and health promotion. In this study conducted at hospitals in Taiwan, we explored the relationships among social capital (institutional trust and interpersonal trust), health promotion, and job satisfaction. We found that institutional trust had a significantly positive effect on both interpersonal trust and health promotion. In addition, institutional trust, interpersonal trust, and health promotion had significantly positive effects on job satisfaction. Furthermore, in descending order, institutional trust, health promotion, and interpersonal trust, all substantially affected job satisfaction. Therefore, we concluded that Taiwanese hospitals should reinforce both social capital, and health promotion programs to improve job satisfaction.
On control system design using random samples of contractive block Toeplitz matrices

Contractive lower triangular block Toeplitz (LTBT) matrices have recently been parametrized in a closed-form by a sequence of unstructured contractive matrices. A problem naturally arises between uniform samplings over contractive LTBT matrices and their matrix parameters, that is, which one is more appropriate in control system analysis and synthesis. This paper makes it clear that uniform sampling over matrix parameters results in a contractive LTBT matrix with a more rapid concentration speed towards the boundary of the uncertainty set. This is not an attractive property in control-related problems. Numerical comparisons also show that uniform sampling directly over contractive LTBT matrices outperforms that over the matrix parameter set in robustness analysis for a closed-loop system, as well as in strongly stable closed-loop system design with complexity constraints on the controller. As a sacrifice, uniform sampling over contractive LTBT matrices is more mathematically complicated and more time consuming.