Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cosmological Origin of the Tully-Fisher Relation

We use high-resolution cosmological simulations that include the effects of gasdynamics and star formation to investigate the origin of the Tully-Fisher relation in the standard cold dark matter cosmogony. Stars are assumed to form in collapsing, Jeans-unstable gas clumps at a rate set by the local gas density and the dynamical/cooling timescale. The energetic feedback from stellar evolution is assumed to heat the gas-surrounding regions of ongoing star formation, where it is radiated away very rapidly. The star formation algorithm thus has little effect on the rate at which gas cools and collapses, and, as a result, most galaxies form their stars very early. Luminosities are computed for each model galaxy using their full star formation histories and the latest spectrophotometric models. We find that the stellar mass of model galaxies is proportional to the total baryonic mass within the virial radius of their surrounding halos. Circular velocity then correlates tightly with the total luminosity of the galaxy, which reflects the equivalence between mass and circular velocity of systems identified in a cosmological context. The slope of the relation steepens slightly from the blue to the red bandpasses and is in fairly good agreement with observations. Its scatter is small, decreasing from ~0.38 mag in the U band to ~0.24 mag in the K band. The particular cosmological model we explore here seems unable to account for the zero point of the correlation. Model galaxies are too faint at z=0 (by about 2 mag) if the circular velocity at the edge of the luminous galaxy is used as an estimator of the rotation speed. The model Tully-Fisher relation is brighter in the past by ~0.7 mag in the B band at z=1, which is at odds with recent observations of z~1 galaxies. We conclude that the slope and tightness of the Tully-Fisher relation can be naturally explained in hierarchical models, but that its normalization and evolution depend strongly on the star formation algorithm chosen and on the cosmological parameters that determine the universal baryon fraction and the time of assembly of galaxies of different mass.
French adaptation and validation of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (Echelle de Motivation dans les Sports-II)

We report on the development, the adaptation, the validation, and the utility of the French version of the revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II), namely the EMS-II (Échelle de Motivation dans les Sports), a scale developed originally in English to measure the six motivation subtypes (intrinsic motivation, integrated, identified, introjected, and external regulation of extrinsic motivation, and amotivation) proposed by self-determination theory (SDT). Results from two studies with athletes (N = 506) from different sports indicated that the scale has good psychometric properties. Specifically, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis suggest that the scale holds an adequate structure consistent with the six types of motivation proposed by SDT, and that French and English athletes were invariant with regard to the structure of the six-factor scale. The results also indicated that the scale had sufficient discriminant and convergent validity, and Cronbach’s alpha suggests that all subscales have adequate internal consistency. Finally, correlations between the subscales suggest evidence of a simplex pattern, which support the self-determination continuum within the SDT framework. Direction for future research and conceptual implications are discussed.
Discrete Deep Feature Extraction: A Theory and New Architectures

First steps towards a mathematical theory of deep convolutional neural networks for feature extraction were made---for the continuous-time case---in Mallat, 2012, and Wiatowski and Bolcskei, 2015. This paper considers the discrete case, introduces new convolutional neural network architectures, and proposes a mathematical framework for their analysis. Specifically, we establish deformation and translation sensitivity results of local and global nature, and we investigate how certain structural properties of the input signal are reflected in the corresponding feature vectors. Our theory applies to general filters and general Lipschitz-continuous non-linearities and pooling operators. Experiments on handwritten digit classification and facial landmark detection---including feature importance evaluation---complement the theoretical findings.
Experiences of a day treatment service using phenomenological analysis: ‘Six weeks of little steps in the right direction’

ABSTRACT Background: A qualitative service evaluation was undertaken of a Day Treatment Service (DTS). The service consists of partial hospitalisation for individuals with acute mental ill health using a rolling, six-week, multidisciplinary programme. Objective: The service evaluation aimed to explore the nature of the experience of attending a DTS from the perspective of the patient to shed light on the therapeutic aspects of the DTS and areas that need improvement. Method: Five participants were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview about their experiences of the DTS. Phenomenological analysis was chosen to interpret the data. Results: The results demonstrated that the participants valued the DTS and made positive gains. Several themes were identified, including the DTS acting as a supportive frame, collaborative staff support and peer relations within a group context. The results are interpreted using theoretical knowledge on group dynamics. Discussion: A number of implications for practice were highlighted. To increase peer interactions the space designated for patients and unstructured time within the DTS should be protected. To reduce patients’ anxieties during the end of treatment careful preparation should take place to integrate them into the community. Future research is needed in order to inform standardised, high quality service guidelines.
Taxes and Peer Effects

Despite a significant literature investigating the determinants of corporate tax avoidance, there remains much unexplained cross-sectional variation in GAAP and Cash effective tax rates. In this paper, we look at one particular determinant of such variation – the effect of a firm’s tax avoidance choices on the tax and financial reporting behavior of peer firms. These choices are affected by many of the same factors, such as industry-level tax policy changes or audit risk, so we make use of exogenous–to the peer firms–shocks to tax rates. Following the methodology of Dyreng et al. (2010), we estimate managerial tax avoidance fixed effects and identify tax rate shocks associated with executive turnover. We find that peer firms respond to these shocks by changing their GAAP tax rates in the same direction. The magnitude of the effect corresponds to a 50% response to the average change in peer group GAAP effective tax rates. Our evidence suggests that these peer effects occur only for book, rather than cash, effective tax rates. These findings are consistent with the primacy of earnings-based measures to managers and other capital market participants.
The good, the bad, the complex: Investigating the behavioural consequences of EEG alpha oscillations in visual detection and selective attention

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Lecture Comprehension in English-Medium Higher Education

In European higher education the growing number of English-Medium (EM) courses, i.e. non-language subjects taught through English, has led to discussion about, and research on, whether the use of a foreign language for instruction has a negative impact on teaching and learning. The present quantitative study investigates this issue by comparing student lecture comprehension in English and the ﬁrst language (L1) at three Norwegian and two German institutions of higher education, with a sample comprising 364 Norwegian and 47 German student respondents. It compares self-assessment scores for lecture comprehension in English and the L1. Analysis shows that while the difference between English and L1 scores was not substantial, a considerable number of students still had difﬁculties understanding the English-Medium lectures. Among the main problems, which in fact were similar in English and the L1, were difﬁculties distinguishing the meaning of words, unfamiliar vocabulary, and difﬁculties taking notes while listening to lectures. The study argues the need to improve the quality of lecturing in English and L1 as well as the lecturers’ and students’ English proﬁciency.
Exploiting Visual-Spatial First-Person Co-Occurrence for Action-Object Detection without Labels

Many first-person vision tasks such as activity recognition or video summarization requires knowing, which objects the camera wearer is interacting with (i.e. actionobjects). The standard way to obtain this information is via a manual annotation, which is costly and time consuming. Also, whereas for the third-person tasks such as object detection, the annotator can be anybody, action-object detection task requires the camera wearer to annotate the data because a third-person may not know what the camera wearer was thinking. Such a constraint makes it even more difficult to obtain first-person annotations. To address this problem, we propose a Visual-Spatial Network (VSN) that detects action-objects without using any first-person labels. We do so (1) by exploiting the visual-spatial co-occurrence in the first-person data and (2) by employing an alternating cross-pathway supervision between the visual and spatial pathways of our VSN. During training, we use a selected action-object prior location to initialize the pseudo action-object ground truth, which is then used to optimize both pathways in an alternating fashion. The predictions from the spatial pathway are used to update the pseudo ground truth for the visual pathway and vice versa, which allows both pathways to improve each other. We show our method’s success on two different action-object datasets, where our method achieves similar or better results than the supervised methods. We also show that our method can be successfully used as pretraining for a supervised action-object detection task.
Diurnal Cycle of Shallow and Deep Convection for a Tropical Land and an Ocean Environment and Its Relationship to Synoptic Wind Regimes

Abstract The characteristics of shallow and deep convection during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (TRMM/LBA) and the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes in the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere System (EPIC) are evaluated in this study. Using high-quality radar data collected during these two tropical field experiments, the reflectivity profiles, rain rates, fraction of convective area, and fraction of rainfall volume in each region are examined. This study focuses on the diurnal cycle of shallow and deep convection for the identified wind regimes in both regions. The easterly phase in TRMM/LBA and the northerly wind regime in EPIC were associated with the strongest convection, indicated by larger rain rates, higher reflectivities, and deeper convective cores compared to the westerly phase in TRMM/LBA and the southerly regime in EPIC. The diurnal cycle results indicated that convection initiates in the morning and peaks in the afternoo.
Eight-Year Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in Diyarbakir Training and Research Hospital

Distribution of HBV, HCV and HIV results of the inpatients or outpatients, who had been treated for various diagnoses in Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital between 2005 and 2012, among years was investigated. Files of the patients, who had been treated as inpatient or outpatient 992. to any diagnosis between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2012 in the clinics or policlinics of Diyarbakır 581 due Training and Research Hospital, were retrospectively reviewed using patient file database. Serum samples (235.534 for HBsAg, 196.727 for Anti-HBs antibody, 98.497 for HBeAg, 97.417 for Anti-HBe antibody, 225.483 for HCV and 138.923 for HIV) of these patients, which had been processed in microbiology laboratory, were studied by chemiluminescence technique using Roche E-170 (Modular Analytics System) device. Prevalence rates between 2005 and 2012 were as follows: 15.9%-9% for HBsAg, 32.9%-52.3% for Anti-HBs, 2.5%-1.8% for HBeAg, 30.4%-25.2% for Anti-HBe, 1%-0.7% for Anti-HCV, and 0.1%-1% for Anti-HIV. Increase in Anti-HBs prevalence is the successful outcome of routine immunization in population. This suggests that, governmental policies focused on this subject have resulted in successful outcomes and that people also take care about this. A prevalence rate decreasing to 9% from 15.9% for HBsAg and prevalence rate increasing to 52.3% from 32.9% for Anti-HBs antibody positivity in 8-year period in our region is quite meaningful. Such favorable developments in our region are of great valuable in terms of indicating to what extent could struggle against HBV is controlled by education and awareness.
Mutation-related differences in exploratory, spatial, and depressive-like behavior in pcd and Lurcher cerebellar mutant mice

The cerebellum is not only essential for motor coordination but is also involved in cognitive and affective processes. These functions of the cerebellum and mechanisms of their disorders in cerebellar injury are not completely understood. There is a wide spectrum of cerebellar mutant mice which are used as models of hereditary cerebellar degenerations. Nevertheless, they differ in pathogenesis of manifestation of the particular mutation and also in the strain background. The aim of this work was to compare spatial navigation, learning, and memory in pcd and Lurcher mice, two of the most frequently used cerebellar mutants. The mice were tested in the open field for exploration behavior, in the Morris water maze with visible as well as reversal hidden platform tasks and in the forced swimming test for motivation assessment. Lurcher mice showed different space exploration activity in the open field and a lower tendency to depressive-like behavior in the forced swimming test compared with pcd mice. Severe deficit of spatial navigation was shown in both cerebellar mutants. However, the overall performance of Lurcher mice was better than that of pcd mutants. Lurcher mice showed the ability of visual guidance despite difficulties with the direct swim toward a goal. In the probe trial test, Lurcher mice preferred the visible platform rather than the more recent localization of the hidden goal.
PENGARUH DESKRIPSI PEKERJAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP PRESTASI KERJA DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

ABSTRACT This study aims to (1) analyze the significance of the effect of job descriptions, career development and job satisfaction on the performance of the employee, (2) analyze the moderating effect of job satisfaction in the job description of the employee's work performance, (3) analyze the moderating effect of job satisfaction in career development the performance of the employees. This study is the population using all respondents Technical Unit employees as the Education Office Grobogan regent a total of 97 people. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires through validity and reliability. Regression test requirements using classical assumption test. Data analysis techniques using multiple regression analysis and regression testing moderating the absolute value of the difference and hypothesis testing through t test. The results of this study indicate that (1) job descriptions, career development and job satisfaction significantly influence job performance, (2) moderate the effect of job satisfaction on the performance of the job description of employees, (3) did not moderate the effect of job satisfaction on job performance of career development employee of the UPTD regent of Grobogan . Keywords : job descriptions, career development, job satisfaction, employee performance
Recommendations on the Development of a Bioanalytical Assay for 4β-Hydroxycholesterol, an Emerging Endogenous Biomarker of CYP3A Activity

The availability of reliable assays for measuring 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4β-HC), a CYP3A metabolite of cholesterol, is an important step in qualifying this endogenous moiety as a biomarker of CYP3A activity. Liquid and gas chromatographic methods with mass spectrometric detection have been developed with varying sensitivities, with or without derivatization. Care must be taken to chromatographically resolve 4β-HC from the multiple isobaric cholesterol oxidation products present in plasma, including 4α-hydroxycholesterol (4α-HC). Plasma concentrations of 4β-HC are low in humans (10–60 ng/ml), lower than many other cholesterol metabolites and far less than cholesterol itself. Stability of 4β-HC has been established for at least 12 months at −20°C in plasma samples obtained with a typical clinical workflow. Oxidation of plasma cholesterol during storage produces both 4β-HC and 4α-HC, and 4α-HC may be used as assessment of sample quality. As 4β-HC concentrations over time in untreated individuals have low intra-individual variability, assay precision and reproducibility are the key assay attributes in assessing CYP3A4 induction, and potentially inhibition. Assessment of CYP3A4/5 activity with 4β-HC relies on the differences between pre- and post-dose concentrations, in which each subject acts as their own control. To reduce analytical variability, samples from a single subject should be analyzed together to facilitate interpretation of study results. As an endogenous biomarker, 4β-HC offers the opportunity for less invasive assessment of CYP3A induction potential of new drugs during clinical development.
Poverty, Livelihoods and War Legacies: The Case of Post-War Rural Kosovo

This paper examines the effects of war on livelihood portfolios and welfare outcomes of rural households in Kosovo using the 2000 Kosovo Living Standards Measurement Survey. We question to what extent the legacy of war was experienced through selection into low return livelihood activities or through decreases in welfare generally. We first identify portfolios using a clustering algorithm which groups households pursuing similar combinations of activities. The emerging clusters are comparable to those described in more qualitative studies for Kosovo in the immediate post-conflict period. We then examine the determinants of livelihood portfolio choice and the consequences of these for welfare outcomes, controlling for war legacies and selection into specific portfolios. We find evidence of a relationship between a household’s war experience and their livelihood choices and that war exposure has different impacts on household welfare depending on the livelihood portfolio adopted. We also identify significant selection effects on welfare for three out of four of our livelihood clusters, highlighting the fact that selecting into a specific portfolio raised or lowered welfare above expected levels.
The sys-1 and sys-3 Genes Cooperate With Wnt Signaling to Establish the Proximal-Distal Axis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gonad

To form the proximal-distal axis of the C. elegans gonad, two somatic gonadal precursor cells, Z1 and Z4, divide asymmetrically to generate one daughter with a proximal fate and one with a distal fate. Genes governing this process include the lin-17 frizzled receptor, wrm-1/β-catenin, the pop-1/TCF transcription factor, lit-1/nemo-like kinase, and the sys-1 gene. Normally, all of these regulators promote the distal fate. Here we show that nuclear levels of a pop-1 GFP fusion protein are less abundant in the distal than in the proximal Z1/Z4 daughters. This POP-1 asymmetry is lost in mutants disrupting Wnt/MAPK regulation, but retained in sys-1 mutants. We find that sys-1 is haplo-insufficient for gonadogenesis defects and that sys-1 and pop-1 mutants display a strong genetic interaction in double heterozygotes. Therefore, sys-1 is a dose-sensitive locus and may function together with pop-1 to control Z1/Z4 asymmetry. To identify other regulatory genes in this process, we screened for mutants resembling sys-1. Four such genes were identified (gon-14, -15, -16, and sys-3) and shown to interact genetically with sys-1. However, only sys-3 promotes the distal fate at the expense of the proximal fate. We suggest that sys-3 is a new key gene in this pathway and that gon-14, gon-15, and gon-16 may cooperate with POP-1 and SYS-1 at multiple stages of gonad development.
A local nearest-neighbor convex-hull construction of home ranges and utilization distributions

We describe a new method for estimating the area of home ranges and constructing utilization distributions (UDs) from spatial data. We compare our method with bivariate kernel and alpha-hull methods, using both randomly distributed and highly aggregated data to test the accuracy of area estimates and UD isopleth construction. The data variously contain holes, corners, and corridors linking high use areas. Our method is based on taking the union of the minimum convex polygons (MCP) associated with the k-1 nearest neighbors of each point in the data and, as such, has one free parameter k. We propose a minimum spurious hole covering (MSHC) rule for selecting k and interpret its application in terms of type I and type II statistical errors. Our MSHC rule provides estimates within 12% of true area values for all 5 data sets, while kernel methods are worse in all cases: in one case overestimating area by a factor of 10 and in another case underestimating area by a factor of 50. Our method also constructs much better estimates for the density isopleths of the UDs than kernel methods. The alpha-hull method does not lead directly to the construction of isopleths and also does not always include all points in the constructed home range. Finally we demonstrate that kernel methods, unlike our method and the alpha-hull method, does not converges to the true area represented by the data as the number of data points increase.
Residents’ perceptions of the impact of tourism in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Purpose This paper aims to investigate residents’ perceptions of tourism’s impact on their support for tourism development in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from Abu Dhabi residents (n = 407), who represented 30 nationalities residing in the emirate. Based on social exchange theory, structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. Findings Results suggest that Abu Dhabi residents perceive the impacts of tourism positively and are more sensitive to the environmental and economic influences of tourism than the social and cultural influences. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to Abu Dhabi residents; findings cannot be generalized to other emirates in the UAE, or other countries. Originality/value This study adds value to extant tourism literature by investigating residents’ perceptions of the influence of tourism in one of the richest cities worldwide, which aspires to be one of the fastest growing tourism destinations in the Middle East.
Three Port Stability Analysis of Broadband Millimetre Wave MMIC Amplifier

The stability of microwave amplifiers is normally analysed as a two port network. An amplifier has at least a third port for biasing that might be considered for stability. Bias line impedances can lead to oscillations in amplifiers. Full stability analysis of a millimetre wave MMIC amplifier has been carried out using a three port scattering parameter test. Bias line impedance conditions to assure stable operation have been obtained