Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of 4 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and &bgr;-Hydroxy-&bgr;-Methylbutyric Free Acid Supplementation on the Onset of Neuromuscular Fatigue

Abstract Miramonti, AA, Stout, JR, Fukuda, DH, Robinson IV, EH, Wang, R, La Monica, MB, and Hoffman, JR. Effects of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training and &bgr;-hydroxy-&bgr;-methylbutyric free acid supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 30(3): 626–634, 2016—This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and &bgr;-hydroxy-&bgr;-methylbutyric free acid (HMB) supplementation on physical working capacity at the onset of neuromuscular fatigue threshold (PWCFT). Thirty-seven participants (22 men, 15 women; 22.8 ± 3.4 years) completed an incremental cycle ergometer test (graded exercise test [GXT]); electromyographic amplitude from the right vastus lateralis was recorded. Assessments occurred preceding (PRE) and after 4 weeks of supplementation (POST). Participants were randomly assigned to control (C, n = 9), placebo (P, n = 14), or supplementation (S, n = 14) groups. Both P and S completed 12 HIIT sessions, whereas C maintained normal diet and activity patterns. The PWCFT (W) was determined using the maximal perpendicular distance (DMAX) method. Electromyographic amplitude (&mgr;Vrms) over time was used to generate a cubic regression. Onset of fatigue (TF) was the x-value of the point on the regression that was at DMAX from a line between the first and last data points. The PWCFT was estimated using TF and GXT power-output increments. The 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group × time) resulted in a significant interaction for PWCFT (F = 6.69, p = 0.004). Post hoc analysis with 1-way ANOVA resulted in no difference in PWCFT among groups at PRE (F = 0.87, p = 0.43); however, a difference in PWCFT was shown for POST (F = 5.46, p = 0.009). Post hoc analysis among POST values revealed significant differences between S and both P (p = 0.034) and C (p = 0.003). No differences (p = 0.226) were noted between P and C. Paired samples t-tests detected significant changes after HIIT for S (p < 0.001) and P (p = 0.016), but no change in C (p = 0.473). High-intensity interval training increased PWCFT, but HMB with HIIT was more effective than HIIT alone. Furthermore, it seems that adding HMB supplementation with HIIT in untrained men and women may further improve endurance performance measures.
Gastric precancerous diseases classification using CNN with a concise model

Gastric precancerous diseases (GPD) may deteriorate into early gastric cancer if misdiagnosed, so it is important to help doctors recognize GPD accurately and quickly. In this paper, we realize the classification of 3-class GPD, namely, polyp, erosion, and ulcer using convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a concise model called the Gastric Precancerous Disease Network (GPDNet). GPDNet introduces fire modules from SqueezeNet to reduce the model size and parameters about 10 times while improving speed for quick classification. To maintain classification accuracy with fewer parameters, we propose an innovative method called iterative reinforced learning (IRL). After training GPDNet from scratch, we apply IRL to fine-tune the parameters whose values are close to 0, and then we take the modified model as a pretrained model for the next training. The result shows that IRL can improve the accuracy about 9% after 6 iterations. The final classification accuracy of our GPDNet was 88.90%, which is promising for clinical GPD recognition.
Measurement-based on-body path loss modelling for UWB WBAN communications

This paper presents a path loss model for an ultra wideband (UWB) wireless body area network (WBAN) on-body communication. The modelling is based on the static frequency domain measurements in an anechoic chamber. The studies are done for several on-body radio channels and with two different UWB antennas (dipole and double loop) for the frequency range of 2-8 GHz. A linear least squares (LS) polynomial data fitting is applied to the post processed measurement data resulting parameters for a path loss model. It is shown that the loop antenna outperforms the dipole antenna in respect to the slope of the attenuation. However, the path loss at the reference distance is higher for the loop. It is also shown that the signal propagation delay in the antenna structures causes error in distance measurement and unless the error is compensated significant differences in the parameters of the path loss model may occur in a WBAN case. Finally, it is observed that by using energy detection notable benefit can be obtained if all propagation paths are considered instead of the first arriving path.
Monopolar Radiofrequency Ablation Using a Dual-Switching System and a Separable Clustered Electrode: Evaluation of the In Vivo Efficiency

Objective To determine the in vivo efficiency of monopolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using a dual-switching (DS) system and a separable clustered (SC) electrode to create coagulation in swine liver. Materials and Methods Thirty-three ablation zones were created in nine pigs using a DS system and an SC electrode in the switching monopolar mode. The pigs were divided into two groups for two experiments: 1) preliminary experiments (n = 3) to identify the optimal inter-electrode distances (IEDs) for dual-switching monopolar (DSM)-RFA, and 2) main experiments (n = 6) to compare the in vivo efficiency of DSM-RFA with that of a single-switching monopolar (SSM)-RFA. RF energy was alternatively applied to one of the three electrodes (SSM-RFA) or concurrently applied to a pair of electrodes (DSM-RFA) for 12 minutes in in vivo porcine livers. The delivered RFA energy and the shapes and dimensions of the coagulation areas were compared between the two groups. Results No pig died during RFA. The ideal IEDs for creating round or oval coagulation area using the DSM-RFA were 2.0 and 2.5 cm. DSM-RFA allowed more efficient RF energy delivery than SSM-RFA at the given time (23.0 ± 4.0 kcal vs. 16.92 ± 2.0 kcal, respectively; p = 0.0005). DSM-RFA created a significantly larger coagulation volume than SSM-RFA (40.4 ± 16.4 cm3 vs. 20.8 ± 10.7 cm3; p < 0.001). Both groups showed similar circularity of the ablation zones (p = 0.29). Conclusion Dual-switching monopolar-radiofrequency ablation using an SC electrode is feasible and can create larger ablation zones than SSM-RFA as it allows more RF energy delivery at a given time.
Interactions of Two Transcriptional Repressors and Two Transcriptional Activators in Modulating Gibberellin Signaling in Aleurone Cells1[W][OA]

Gibberellins (GAs) regulate many aspects of plant development, such as germination, growth, and flowering. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) Amy32b α-amylase promoter contains at least five cis-acting elements that govern its GA-induced expression. Our previous studies indicate that a barley WRKY gene, HvWRKY38, and its rice (Oryza sativa) ortholog, OsWRKY71, block GA-induced expression of Amy32b-GUS. In this work, we investigated the functional and physical interactions of HvWRKY38 with another repressor and two activators in barley. HvWRKY38 blocks the inductive activities of SAD (a DOF protein) and HvGAMYB (a R2R3 MYB protein) when either of these proteins is present individually. However, SAD and HvGAMYB together overcome the inhibitory effect of HvWRKY38. Yet, the combination of HvWRKY38 and BPBF (another DOF protein) almost diminishes the synergistic effect of SAD and HvGAMYB transcriptional activators. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that HvWRKY38 blocks the GA-induced expression of Amy32b by interfering with the binding of HvGAMYB to the cis-acting elements in the α-amylase promoter. The physical interaction of HvWRKY38 and BPBF repressors is demonstrated via bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. These data suggest that the expression of Amy32b is modulated by protein complexes that contain either activators (e.g. HvGAMYB and SAD) or repressors (e.g. HvWRKY38 and BPBF). The relative amounts of the repressor or activator complexes binding to the Amy32b promoter regulate its expression level in barley aleurone cells.
Tracking Transplanted Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Their Effects in the Rat MCAO Stroke Model

In this study, rat bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were tracked after IV administration to rats with experimental stroke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In addition, the effects of BMSC treatment on blood cell composition, brain glia and sensorimotor behavior was studied and compared to that which occurred spontaneously during the normal recovery process after stroke. We found that the vast majority of radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled BMSCs traveled to and remained in peripheral organs (lungs, spleen, liver) 3 days after IV injection in the MCAO rat. Once in the circulation, BMSCs also produced rapid alterations in host blood cell composition, increasing both neutrophil and total white blood cell count by 6 hours post-injection. In contrast, few injected BMSCs traveled to the brain and almost none endured there long term. Nonetheless, BMSC treatment produced dramatic changes in the number and activation of brain astroglia and microglia, particularly in the region of the infarct. These cellular changes were correlated with a marked improvement in performance on tests of sensory and motor function as compared to the partial recovery of function seen in PBS-injected control rats. We conclude that the notable recovery in function observed after systemic administration of BMSCs to MCAO rats is likely due to the cellular changes in blood and/or brain cell number, activation state and their cytokine/growth factor products.
Epidemiology of life‐threatening and lethal anaphylaxis: a review

Severe anaphylaxis is a systemic reaction affecting two or more organs or systems and is due to the release of active mediators from mast cells and basophils. A four‐grade classification routinely places ‘severe’ anaphylaxis in grades 3 and 4 (death could be graded as grade 5). Studies are underway to determine the prevalence of severe and lethal anaphylaxis in different populations and the relative frequencies of food, drug, latex and Hymenoptera anaphylaxis. These studies will also analyse the risk arising from the lack of preventive measures applied in schools (personalized management protocols) and from the insufficient use of self‐injected adrenalin. Allergy‐related conditions may account for 0.2–1% of emergency consultations. Severe anaphylaxis affects 1–3 per 10 000 people, but for the United States and Australia figures are even higher. It is estimated to cause death in 0.65–2% of patients, i.e. 1–3 per million people. An increased prevalence has been revealed by monitoring hospitalized populations by reference to the international classification of disease (ICD) codes. The relative frequency of aetiological factors of allergy (food, drugs, insects and latex) varies in different studies. Food, drug and Hymenoptera allergies are potentially lethal. The risk of food‐mediated anaphylaxis can be assessed from the number of personalized management protocols in French schools: 0.065%. Another means of assessment may be the rate of adrenalin prescriptions. However, an overestimation of the anaphylaxis risk may result from this method (0.95% of Canadian children). Data from the literature leads to several possibilities. First, a definition of severe anaphylaxis should be agreed. Secondly, prospective, multicentre enquiries, using ICD codes, should be implemented. Moreover, the high number of anaphylaxis cases for which the aetiology is not identified, and the variation in aetiology in the published series, indicate that a closer cooperation between emergency specialists and allergists is essential.
Assessment of the Phenotype and Functionality of Porcine CD8 T Cell Responses following Vaccination with Live Attenuated Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) and Virulent CSFV Challenge

ABSTRACT Vaccination with live attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) induces solid protection after only 5 days, which has been associated with virus-specific T cell gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses. In this study, we employed flow cytometry to characterize T cell responses following vaccination and subsequent challenge infections with virulent CSFV. The CD3+ CD4− CD8hi T cell population was the first and major source of CSFV-specific IFN-γ. A proportion of these cells showed evidence for cytotoxicity, as evidenced by CD107a mobilization, and coexpressed tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To assess the durability and recall of these responses, a second experiment was conducted where vaccinated animals were challenged with virulent CSFV after 5 days and again after a further 28 days. While virus-specific CD4 T cell (CD3+ CD4+ CD8α+) responses were detected, the dominant response was again from the CD8 T cell population, with the highest numbers of these cells being detected 14 and 7 days after the primary and secondary challenges, respectively. These CD8 T cells were further characterized as CD44hi CD62L− and expressed variable levels of CD25 and CD27, indicative of a mixed effector and effector memory phenotype. The majority of virus-specific IFN-γ+ CD8 T cells isolated at the peaks of the response after each challenge displayed CD107a on their surface, and subpopulations that coexpressed TNF-α and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were identified. While it is hoped that these data will aid the rational design and/or evaluation of next-generation marker CSFV vaccines, the novel flow cytometric panels developed should also be of value in the study of porcine T cell responses to other pathogens/vaccines.
Differences in Governance Practices between U.S. And Foreign Firms: Measurement, Causes, and Consequences

We construct a firm-level governance index that increases with minority shareholder protection. Compared to U.S. matching firms, only 12.68% of foreign firms have a higher index. The value of foreign firms falls as their index decreases relative to the index of matching U.S. firms. Our results suggest that lower country-level investor protection and other country characteristics make it suboptimal for foreign firms to invest as much in governance as U.S. firms do. Overall, we find that minority shareholders benefit from governance improvements and do so partly at the expense of controlling shareholders.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications Algorithm and Hardness Results for Outer-connected Dominating Set in Graphs

A set D ⊆ V of a graph G = (V, E) is called an outer-connected dominating set of G if for all v ∈ V , |NG[v] ∩ D| ≥ 1, and the induced subgraph of G on V \ D is connected. The Minimum Outer-connected Domination problem is to find an outer-connected dominating set of minimum cardinality of the input graph G. Given a positive integer k and a graph G = (V, E), the Outer-connected Domination Decision problem is to decide whether G has an outer-connected dominating set of cardinality at most k. The Outer-connected Domination Decision problem is known to be NP-complete for bipartite graphs. In this paper, we strengthen this NP-completeness result by showing that the Outer-connected Domination Decision problem remains NP-complete for perfect elimination bipartite graphs. On the positive side, we propose a linear-time algorithm for computing a minimum outer-connected dominating set of a chain graph, a subclass of bipartite graphs. We show that the Outer-connected Domination Decision problem can be solved in linear-time for graphs of bounded tree-width. We propose a ∆(G)-approximation algorithm for the Minimum Outer-connected Domination problem, where ∆(G) is the maximum degree of G. On the negative side, we prove that the Minimum Outer-connected Domination problem cannot be approximated within a factor of (1 − ε) ln |V | for any ε > 0, unless NP ⊆ DTIME(|V | O(log log |V |)). We also show that the Minimum Outer-connected Domination problem is APX-complete for graphs with bounded degree 4 and for bipartite graphs with bounded degree 7.
Sex differences in myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the Scottish MONICA population of Glasgow 1985 to 1991. Presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and 28-day case fatality of 3991 events in men and 1551 events in women.

BACKGROUND Scottish MONICA used medical and medico-legal records and World Health Organization MONICA Project criteria to register coronary events in 25- to 64-year-old residents of the high-incidence area of north Glasgow from 1985 to 1991. METHODS AND RESULTS Age-standardized data from 3991 episodes of nonfatal definite myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in men (mean age, 55.5 years) were compared with 1551 in women (57.0 years). Many results, such as the overall 28-day fatality rates of 49.8% in men and 48.5% in women, showed insignificant differences. However, 74.3% of deaths in men occurred out of hospital versus 67.8% in women (P = .0004). After admission to hospital, fatality rates in women were 14% higher (P = .07) and after admission to coronary care, 22% higher (P = .04). Women were more often widowed. Fewer had a history of previous myocardial infarction, but the prevalence of angina pectoris, of smoking, and of chest pain in the attack was the same as in men; more had shock, syncope, and breathlessness. More consulted a doctor before admission to hospital, which delayed their coming under care. More men had ECG Q-wave progression, and more women had smaller ECG changes. This, and marginally reduced chances of direct admission to coronary care, of thrombolysis, of aspirin, and of beta-blockers, did not explain women's excess hospital fatality. CONCLUSIONS Acute coronary events appear to be recognized and treated fairly equally in men and women 25 to 64 years old in Glasgow, so differences are small but subtle. More men die suddenly out of hospital; the reason why more women die after arrival may be because the equivalent number of men have already died outside.
cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Is Required for Mouse Neural Progenitor Cell Survival and Expansion

Development of the mammalian brain relies on the coordinated expansion of neural cells in a relatively short time, spanning for a period of only a few days in mice. The molecular networks regulating neural cell birth and expansion, termed neurogenesis, are still unresolved, although many studies using genetically modified mice have revealed a growing number of genes that are involved in regulating these processes. The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) lies at the hub of a diverse array of intracellular signaling pathways and is a major transcriptional regulator of numerous functions in adult neural cells, including learning and memory and neuronal survival. Recent studies have shown that activated CREB is highly expressed in immature dividing cells in adult mouse and zebrafish brains and that CREB regulates neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) proliferation in embryonic zebrafish brain. Using genetically modified mice, we show that deletion of CREB, without the concomitant loss of the related compensating factor cAMP response element modifier, leads to defects in neural progenitor cell expansion and survival. Cultured primary CREB−/− NSPCs exhibited decreased expression of several target genes important for neuronal survival and growth, including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neural growth factor and showed that the survival and growth defect can be rescued by the addition of wild‐type NSPC‐conditioned medium. This is the first study showing a specific role for CREB in mammalian embryonic neurogenesis. This role appears to be mediated via the expression of factors important for NSPC survival and growth and suggests that CREB is an important signaling regulator within the developing neurogenic niche. STEM CELLS 2009;27:1347–1357
Role of CCAA Nucleotide Repeats in Regulation of Hemoglobin and Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Binding Protein Genes ofHaemophilus influenzae

ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae utilizes hemoglobin and hemoglobin-haptoglobin as heme sources. The H. influenzaehemoglobin- and hemoglobin-haptoglobin binding protein genes,hgpA, hgpB, and hgpC, contain lengths of tetrameric CCAA repeats. Using an hgpA-lacZtranslational gene fusion, we demonstrate phase-variable expression oflacZ associated with alteration in the length of the CCAA repeat region.
Hemorrhagic Pilocytic Astrocytomas in Adults: A Case Report and Literature Review

Pilocytic astrocytomas are histologically benign tumors, generally found in the pediatric population. Onset of symptoms is generally insidious, predominantly stemming from mass effect upon nearby structures. Patients harboring a pilocytic astrocytoma may present with gait disturbance, headaches, cranial nerve deficits, as well as hydrocephalus, depending on the exact location. Although cases of adult pilocytic astrocytomas in the adult population are described, they are quite uncommon. We present a case of an adult female presenting with acute neurological compromise resulting from an acutely hemorrhagic posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma. Her initial neurological assessment was consistent with a Glasgow coma scale of 4T, as the patient was experiencing decerebrate posturing. An emergent external ventricular drain was placed in the emergency department for acute hydrocephalus as a temporizing measure, prior to evacuation of the associated subdural and intratumoral hemorrhages, as well as resection of the mass. After a long hospital course and extensive rehabilitation, the patient made a remarkable recovery and eventually gave birth to a child via Caesarean section three years after her initial presentation.
Trypanothione Reductase: A Target Protein for a Combined In Vitro and In Silico Screening Approach

With the goal to identify novel trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitors, we performed a combination of in vitro and in silico screening approaches. Starting from a highly diverse compound set of 2,816 compounds, 21 novel TR inhibiting compounds could be identified in the initial in vitro screening campaign against T. cruzi TR. All 21 in vitro hits were used in a subsequent similarity search-based in silico screening on a database containing 200,000 physically available compounds. The similarity search resulted in a data set containing 1,204 potential TR inhibitors, which was subjected to a second in vitro screening campaign leading to 61 additional active compounds. This corresponds to an approximately 10-fold enrichment compared to the initial pure in vitro screening. In total, 82 novel TR inhibitors with activities down to the nM range could be identified proving the validity of our combined in vitro/in silico approach. Moreover, the four most active compounds, showing IC50 values of <1 μM, were selected for determining the inhibitor constant. In first on parasites assays, three compounds inhibited the proliferation of bloodstream T. brucei cell line 449 with EC50 values down to 2 μM.
Do private and sexual pictures receive more likes on Instagram?

Photos are useful means of disclosing and sharing one's emotions and ordinary life. By uploading personal photos in SNS, people tend to manage their relationships with friends and develop new relationships in SNS. Though users' behavior of showing private pictures is considered to be common, there is little research on what kind of contents attract people's attention and become popular in SNS. The aim of this study is to empirically examine what kind of private and personal pictures attract more likes on Instagram. Moreover, this paper aims to find a difference of pictures disclosed by different groups such as male, female, and celebrities. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that there is a difference among photos uploaded by different kinds of groups. Also, the more users show sexual pictures of themselves the more they tend to receive likes.