Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human-Robot Analogy - How Physiology Shapes Human and Robot Motion

The fast grow of expectations from robots and the technical obstacles the robot developers face when trying to meet the requests, force an orientation towards designing and controlling robots by following biological paragons. This tendency increases interest in human-robot analogy, and the present work is a part of this stream. The paper questions the voluntariness of human motion by relating it to physiological processes. We concentrate on the important question of redundancy. One notes that humans do not resolve the redundancy on the level of consciousness, except in some specific examples (like obstacle avoidance), but rather on a lower level of decision-making – the human reaction to the faced problem is somehow "automatic". We suggest that this automatism is closely related to physiological processes, particularly to the progress of fatigue. Then we try to mathematically model these processes and their influence to human motion. The mathematical model of fatigue progress is derived as well as an algorithm for human-like redundancy resolution. We finally consider the implications of the obtained results to anthropomimetic robotics. The concept is verified by simulating the system behavior and comparing it qualitatively with the behavior of a human control group.
Social analytics framework for intelligent information systems based on a complex adaptive systems approach

An employee profile record within a human resource management department includes information about the employee's past activities within the enterprise. These profile records are valuable sources of information for any enterprise. Using this information requires an intelligent enterprise information system. In this study, we emphasize the importance of having detailed analyses on the employees' knowledge base within an enterprise by applying dynamic social impact theory. We argue that the richer the knowledge base within an enterprise with respect to its human and social capital is, the more it can empower its employees to be creative and innovative during group works. We propose a framework for effectively modeling the ever-changing knowledge bases of big enterprises for delivering optimal and automated team composition techniques. Our discussions cover the complete pipeline from data management and knowledge modeling, via graph analysis, to decision support services.
Cache-oblivious data structures for orthogonal range searching

We develop cache-oblivious data structures for orthogonal range searching, the problem of finding all <i>T</i> points in a set of <i>N</i> points in <i>IR<sup>d</sup></i> lying in a query hyper-rectangle. Cache-oblivious data structures are designed to be efficient in arbitrary memory hierarchies.We describe a dynamic linear-size data structure that answers <i>d</i>-dimensional queries in <i>O((N/B)<sup>1-1/d</sup>+T/B)</i> memory transfers, where <i>B</i> is the block size of any two levels of a multilevel memory hierarchy. A point can be inserted into or deleted from this data structure in <i>O(log<sup>2</sup><sub>B</sub> N)</i> memory transfers. We also develop a static structure for the two-dimensional case that answers queries in <i>O(log<sub>B</sub> N+T/B)</i> memory transfers using <i>O(N log<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup> N)</i> space. The analysis of the latter structure requires that <i>B=2<sup>2<sup>c</sup></sup></i> for some non-negative integer constant <i>c</i>.
Incorporating root hydraulic redistribution and compensatory water uptake in the Common Land Model: Effects on site level and global land modeling

Treatment of plant water uptake through the roots remains a significant issue in land surface models. Most current land surface models calculate the root water uptake (RWU) by extracting soil water in different soil layers based on the relative soil water availability and the root fraction of each layer within the rooting zone. This approach is also used as the default in the Common Land Model (CoLM). This approach often significantly underestimates plant transpiration during dry periods. Therefore, more realistic RWU functions are needed in land surface models. In this study, the modified CoLM with root hydraulic redistribution (HR) and compensatory water uptake (CWU) was evaluated against the CoLM with the default approach by comparing the observed and simulated latent and sensible heat fluxes observed from three sites that experience seasonal drought over the measured periods. We found that the CoLM using the default RWU significantly underestimated latent heat fluxes and overestimated the sensible heat fluxes over dry periods, whereas those biases were significantly reduced by the CoLM with HR and CWU functions. We also ran global offline simulations using the revised CoLM to evaluate the performance of these alternative RWU functions on the global scale. Compared with the estimated latent heat fluxes from the FLUXNET‐model tree ensemble model product, CoLM with HR and CWU functions significantly improved the estimated latent heat fluxes over the Amazon, Southern Africa, and Central Asia during their dry seasons. Therefore, we recommend the implementation of HR and CWU in land surface models.
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Definiteness Morphology in Swedish Determiner Phrases Definiteness Morphology in Swedish Determiner Phrases Definiteness Morphology in Swedish Determiner Phrases

In Swedish determiner phrases definiteness can be realised both pre-nominally with a definite article and post-nominally with a definite suffix on the head noun. This paper discusses the distribution of definiteness morphology in a number of morphosyntactic contexts. Separate patterns of definiteness marking emerge when considering the following morphosyntactic contexts: DPs modified with a prepositional phrase, DPs followed by a restrictive relative clause, and DPs with adjectival pre-nominal modification. This paper synthesizes various proposals in the literature to develop the working analysis: in particular, LaCara's (2011) analysis which includes two component features of definiteness and insights about DEN-omission from Simonenko (2014: Chapter 2). This working analysis demonstrates that the distribution under discussion can be unified using while maintaining a straightforward mapping between the semantics and the morphosyntax. The following avenues are identified as promising areas for future work: the distribution of definiteness morphology in additional morphosyntactic or semantic contexts and between varieties of Swedish; the semantic features adopted here and their alternatives; typological work concerning the semantic and morphosyntax definiteness cross-linguistically, including the properties of adjectival modification in definite DPs.
Neuromedin U and Its Putative Drosophila Homolog hugin

We recently provided a molecular, neuroanatomical, and behavioral analyses of neurons expressing the neuropeptide gene hugin in Drosophila [1]. hugin-expressing neurons appear to comprise a neural circuitry in the brain that modulates feeding behavior in response to gustatory and nutrient signals. One of the questions arising from this study was whether a mammalian homolog of hugin exists. We argue here that a mammalian homolog of Drosophila hugin may be neuromedin U (NmU).
Protein Profiles Reveal Diverse Responsive Signaling Pathways in Kernels of Two Maize Inbred Lines with Contrasting Drought Sensitivity

Drought stress is a major factor that contributes to disease susceptibility and yield loss in agricultural crops. To identify drought responsive proteins and explore metabolic pathways involved in maize tolerance to drought stress, two maize lines (B73 and Lo964) with contrasting drought sensitivity were examined. The treatments of drought and well water were applied at 14 days after pollination (DAP), and protein profiles were investigated in developing kernels (35 DAP) using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation). Proteomic analysis showed that 70 and 36 proteins were significantly altered in their expression under drought treatments in B73 and Lo964, respectively. The numbers and levels of differentially expressed proteins were generally higher in the sensitive genotype, B73, implying an increased sensitivity to drought given the function of the observed differentially expressed proteins, such as redox homeostasis, cell rescue/defense, hormone regulation and protein biosynthesis and degradation. Lo964 possessed a more stable status with fewer differentially expressed proteins. However, B73 seems to rapidly initiate signaling pathways in response to drought through adjusting diverse defense pathways. These changes in protein expression allow for the production of a drought stress-responsive network in maize kernels.
Histologic progression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The clinical course and biopsy specimens from 515 consecutive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients was evaluated retrospectively in an attempt to determine the clinical importance of documented changes in histology over time. Two-hundred and five of these patients has an initial diagnosis of nodular lymphoma and were reviewed for this anaysis. Sixty-three underwent a repeat biopsy greater than 6 mo after initial diagnosis. In 23 patients, these repeat biopsies revealed a change in histology to a diffuse pattern and/or a change to a larger ''histiocytic'' cell type, while repeat biopsies for the other 40 (63%) disclosd persistence of a nodular pattern and no clear change in basic cell type. Progression from nodular lymphoma to diffuse histiocytic, mixed, or undifferentiated types of lymphomas of Rappaport was found in repeate biopsies obtained from 19 patients (30%). Prognosis for survival following a biopsy that demonstrated histologic change was related to the histology demonstrated at the most recent biopsy and to the response to subsequent drug treatment. Survival following repeat biopsy for these 19 patients was significantly shorter than for the 40 patients whose histology remained nodular (p < 0.001). However, attainment of a complete remission with intensive combination chemotherapy was associated with prolonged survival inmore » eight patients and prolonged disease-free survival in one patient. Since prior treatment may compromise the ability to achieve a complete response to chemotherapy in patients with nodular lymphoma who develop an aggressive diffuse histology, the likelihood of histologic progression must be considered in the design of future clinical trials in nodular lymphoma. Histologic progression does not preclude attainment of a complete response to intensive chemotherapy. « less
The excretion of glucuronic acid and of acid mucopolysaccharides in normal human urine.

The urinary excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides has been a subject of controversy. Acid mucopolysaccharides are polymers of disaccharides composed of equimolar portions of N-acetyl or N-sulfate hexosamine and hexuronic acid, occurring either free or as esters of sulfuric acid and in loose combination with protein substances. They include such substances as chondroitin sulfate, heparin and hyaluronate. The evidence for and against the urinary excretion of chondroitin sulfate was reviewed briefly by Oliver (1) whose own experiments led him to the conclusion that an "X-body," similar in some of its characteristics to chondroitin sulfate, was one of several urine constituents which influenced the precipitation of urinary proteins. Astrup (2) was particularly interested in the excretion of heparin and devised a method for extracting from urine metachromatic substances which would inhibit clotting. His method was later used by Jacques, Napke, and Levy (3) to study in greater detail the recovery of injected heparin from the urine of humans and various animals. Metachromatic material obtained from normal urine was noted by these investigators to be so small in amount that its presence did not interfere with their study of additional metachromatic substances excreted after the injection of heparin. In studying acid mucopolysaccharides, one must to some extent be concerned with their hydrolytic products. One of the important components of most 2 acid mucopolysaccharides is hexuronic
Dissecting the Unique Role of the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor during Cellular Senescence

SUMMARY The RB protein family (RB, p107, and p130) has overlapping and compensatory functions in cell-cycle control. However, cancer-associated mutations are almost exclusively found in RB, implying that RB has a nonredundant role in tumor suppression. We demonstrate that RB preferentially associates with E2F target genes involved in DNA replication and is uniquely required to repress these genes during senescence but not other growth states. Consequently, RB loss leads to inappropriate DNA synthesis following a senescence trigger and, together with disruption of a p21-mediated cell-cycle checkpoint, enables extensive proliferation and rampant genomic instability. Our results identify a nonredundant RB effector function that may contribute to tumor suppression and reveal how loss of RB and p53 cooperate to bypass senescence.
Stable adaptive fuzzy controllers with application to inverted pendulum tracking

An adaptive fuzzy controller is constructed from a set of fuzzy IF-THEN rules whose parameters are adjusted on-line according to some adaptation law for the purpose of controlling the plant to track a given-trajectory. In this paper, two adaptive fuzzy controllers are designed based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach. We require that the final closed-loop system must be globally stable in the sense that all signals involved (states, controls, parameters, etc.) must be uniformly bounded. Roughly speaking, the adaptive fuzzy controllers are designed through the following steps: first, construct an initial controller based on linguistic descriptions (in the form of fuzzy IF-THEN rules) about the unknown plant from human experts; then, develop an adaptation law to adjust the parameters of the fuzzy controller on-line. We prove, for both adaptive fuzzy controllers, that: (1) all signals in the closed-loop systems are uniformly bounded; and (2) the tracking errors converge to zero under mild conditions. We provide the specific formulas of the bounds so that controller designers can determine the bounds based on their requirements. Finally, the adaptive fuzzy controllers are used to control the inverted pendulum to track a given trajectory, and the simulation results show that: (1) the adaptive fuzzy controllers can perform successful tracking without using any linguistic information; and (2) after incorporating some linguistic fuzzy rules into the controllers, the adaptation speed becomes faster and the tracking error becomes smaller.
The standardized normal Ivy bleeding time and its prolongation by aspirin.

A standardized, reproducible Ivy bleeding time technic has been described which permits one to obtain accurate bleeding time data in man. The technic was used to standardize an aspirin tolerance test in which 60 normal males had a control bleeding time; were given, on a double blind basis, either placebo or 1 Gm. of aspirin, and had a second bleeding time 2 hours later. The control values were: mean, 5 min.; mean ± 2 st. dev. , 2 min., 30 sec. to 10 min. The values after placebo were: mean, 5 min., 30 sec. ; mean ± 2 st. dev. , 2 min., 30 sec. to 11 min. The values after aspirin were: mean, 9 min., 30 sec. ; mean ± 2 st. dev. , 4 min. to 21 min. The difference between the mean bleeding time after placebo and after aspirin was highly significant (p < 0.001). The distribution of the bleeding times after aspirin suggested that normal subjects do not respond to aspirin as a single population. The degree of prolongation of the bleeding time and the large size of the drops of blood observed in some subjects suggested to us that small amounts of aspirin may exert a significant effect upon hemostasis in normal individuals.
Strategies to improve user-acceptance in CRM implementations

companies have high expectations of CRM when they implement an expensive CRM system. In many cases these projects do not produce the expected results. In recent years a lot of research has been done on the factors that influence the success and failure of a CRM system. In this paper a description will be given of which of these aspects can and should be influenced by the IT department that is responsible for the technical part of the implementation project. The five most critical factors were: information quality, process fit, system support, system integration and project team skills.
Study on Emergency-Avoidance Braking for the Automatic Platooning of Trucks

In developing automatic platooning of trucks as an energy-saving technology, the reliable driving of the platooned trucks is a primary objective for public implementation and future applications. At the same time, there is also an emergency requirement to ensure the safety of the driving experiment in the automatic platooning of trucks, including the conditions of a system failure. This paper presents a detailed experimental study on emergency avoidance braking for the automatic platooning of trucks using a driving simulator (DS) and an actual-vehicle experiment. In addition, a modification on the braking capability of the trucks of a platoon was applied for safety control. Therefore, human drivers can brake without risking a rear-end collision, in the case of an emergency for a failure in automatic platooning. Initially, an experimental platform was built to reproduce the automatic platooning of trucks in an advanced DS system. Assuming system failure and the emergency deceleration of the preceding truck without warning, the behavior of the driver in the following truck was studied in terms of emergency avoidance of a collision. In particular, with different settings for the mean maximum decelerations of the brake system of the following truck, the stopping gap distances and driver reaction times were analyzed in the driving experiment using the advanced DS and an actual vehicle. The experimental results indicated that emergency braking is an effective method for avoiding a rear-end collision when there is a system failure in the automatic platooning, resulting in the mean maximum deceleration for the following truck being higher than that for the preceding truck.
Update on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Research: From Clinical to Genetic Studies

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the abdominal aorta with a diameter of at least 3.0 cm. AAAs are often asymptomatic and are discovered as incidental findings in imaging studies or when the AAA ruptures leading to a medical emergency. AAAs are more common in males than females, in individuals of European ancestry, and in those over 65 years of age. Smoking is the most important environmental risk factor. In addition, a positive family history of AAA increases the person's risk for AAA. Interestingly, diabetes has been shown to be a protective factor for AAA in many large studies. Hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis include inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation, and oxidative stress. Autoimmunity may also play a role in AAA development and progression. In this Outlook paper, we summarize our recent studies on AAA including clinical studies related to surgical repair of AAA and genetic risk factor and large-scale gene expression studies. We conclude with a discussion on our research projects using large data sets available through electronic medical records and biobanks.
An information-theoretic approach to analyzing CLEAN

We analyze the deconvolution technique, CLEAN, from an information-theoretic perspective. The CLEAN algorithm is an iterative technique, which subtracts out the target mass from the dirty image at each stage. However, each iterative step also alters the information content in the image. We investigate how the information content, measured in terms of the differential entropy, varies during the successive steps. Closed-form expressions have been derived and simulations have been carried out to corroborate the theory. It is shown that the image entropy is useful as an additional input for determining the stopping criterion for CLEAN.
Renal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 expression in children with acute kidney injury and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the serum, urine and renal tissues of children with acute kidney injury (AKI) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (A-on-C). A prospective single-center evaluation of the serum, urine and renal NGAL and KIM-1 levels was performed in a cohort of children. Blood and 5-ml urine samples were collected from each patient for the analysis of NGAL and KIM-1 levels using an ELISA. In addition, the expression of NGAL and KIM-1 in the kidney was examined using immunohistochemistry in patients with A-on-C and HSPN. The expression of serum cystatin C, β2-macroglobulin and serum creatinine (SCr), as well as urinary β2-MG and SCr, in the patients with A-on-C was significantly higher than that of HSPN patients, and the expression of NGAL and KIM-1 in the serum and urine in the A-on-C patients was also significantly higher than that of HSPN patients. However, there were no significant differences in the urine protein levels between the two groups. NGAL and KIM-1 were expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells, and the expression of NGAL and KIM-1 in the A-on-C patients was significantly higher than that in HSPN patients. In addition, the urine NGAL and KIM-1 levels were negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate, but there was no significant correlation between the urine NGAL/KIM-1 and urine protein levels. The changes in serum and urine NGAL and KIM-1 levels may be applied to the diagnosis of A-on-C.
Novel Heteropolar Radial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing With Low Rotor Core Loss

In this paper, one novel heteropolar radial hybrid magnetic bearing (HRHMB) is proposed for flywheel energy storage system. First, its structure and working principle are introduced in detail. Then, its fundamental equations are derived based on magnetic circuit model, such as displacement stiffness, current stiffness, and load capacity. Furthermore, its suspension performance and magnetic coupling are analyzed based on the 2-D finite-element analysis. Finally, the comparison of main performance indexes between the proposed HRHMB and conventional one under the same constraints is made. It indicates that the displacement stiffness can be reduced by the novel structure. In addition, the rotor core loss of the novel HRHMB is just 22.53 W, which is only 41.6% of the conventional eight-pole HRHMB with the same load capacity.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF TWO-LAYERED MICROPOLAR FLUID THROUGH AN NORMAL AND STENOSED ARTERY

In the present work a two fluid model for blood flow through abnormally constricted human artery (stenosed artery) has been developed. The model consists of a core region of suspension of all erythrocytes assumed to be micro-polar fluid so as to include the micro-structural effects in addition to the peripheral-layer viscosity effects, and a peripheral plasma layer free from cells of any kind of Newtonian fluid. This model is used to predict the effects on physiological characteristics of blood flow in normal and stenosed condition. The significance of the present model over the existing models has been pointed out by comparing the results with other theories both analytically and numerically.