Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparação entre as análises auditiva e acústica nas disartrias

PURPOSE: To compare data found in auditory-perceptual analyses (subjective) and acoustic analyses (objective) in dysarthric patients. METHODS: Forty-two patients with well defined neurological diagnosis, 21 male and 21 female, were evaluated in auditory-perceptual parameters and acoustic measures. All patients had their voices recorded. Auditory-perceptual voice analyses were made considering type of voice, resonance (balanced, hipernasal or laryngopharyngeal), loudness (adequate, decreased or increased), pitch (adequate, low or high), vocal attack (isochronic, sudden or breathy), and voice stability (stable or unstable). Acoustic analyses were made with GRAM 5.1. 7 Program that considered voice quality and spectrographic tracing, and Vox Metria Program to obtain objective measures. RESULTS: The comparison between auditory-perceptual and acoustic data showed no correlation for all the parameters analyzed. It was found a significant difference between breathiness and shimmer alteration (p=0.048), and between breathiness and harmonics definition (p=0.040), evidencing correlation between noise presence during emission and breathiness. CONCLUSION: Acoustic analysis associated to auditory-perceptual analysis provided different but complementary data, helping the clinical diagnosis of dysarthias.
The social construction of pain: an evaluation

Drawing upon the work of Hughes and Patterson, this paper addresses the issue of whether a socially constructed conception of pain is possible or desirable. Contrary to a number of postmodern inspired conceptions that pain exists exclusively at the level of discourse and linguistic construction, pain is viewed as a material barrier that exists beyond the politico‐aesthetic level. The body is much more than a canvas upon which we can create appropriate discursive formation to incorporate within our preferred conception of ‘self’. To recognize the existence of biologically based realities is not to accept biological dysfunction as the sole cause of disability or any other form of reactionary politics of disability.
Can Tymoczko be translated into Africa? Refractions of research methodology in translation studies in African contexts

Abstract This article considers the implications of current developments in research methodology in translation studies for translation studies in Africa. It makes use of Tymoczko's (2006, 2007) arguments in favour of the internationalisation of translation studies as well as her notions on the underlying logic of research and definition in translation studies. Tymoczko's suggestions are combined with that of Susam-Sarajevo's (2002) travel theory and Gentzler's (2008) identity theory of translation to ponder the implications of postpositivist research methodology for the African context. The article suggest Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS), case study, ethnography, and historiography as research methods that would support the notion that translation research in Africa should be contextualised. It further suggests alternative forms of logic in an effort to decolonise the perspective of the field of study in Africa.
Determination and implications of the rock physical parameter in the Maergaichaka fault, Tibet, China, using remote sensing data

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry was used to study the Maergaichaka fault where Manyi earthquake occured on Nov. 8, 1997 in Tibet, China. With a more appropriate base line, we present the coseismic interferometric fringe. With the prior knowledge of strike-slip movements, the decomposition of the displacement vector in the direction of the fault strike indicates that the horizontal displacement amount to 5.03 meters near the epicenter of the Manyi earthquake, which is more consistent with the field observation (4.5 meters) than the previous work (Peltzer et al., 1999; Shan Xinjian et al., 2002). We also modeled the rock physical parameter using Okada elastic model of half space, which was characterized by a high Poisson ratio. The high Poisson ratio of the upper crust indicate the structural back grounding that it is more possible that the interior crustal shortening play an more important role in the development of Tibet plateau than the doubling the continental crust by replacement of the Tibetan upper mantle by underthrust of Indian continental crust
Collision local time of transient random walks and intermediate phases in interacting stochastic systems

In a companion paper (M. Birkner, A. Greven, F. den Hollander, Quenched LDP for words in a letter sequence, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 148 , no. 3/4 (2010), 403-456), a quenched large deviation principle (LDP) has been established for the empirical process of words obtained by cutting an i.i. d. sequence of letters into words according to a renewal process. We apply this LDP to prove that the radius of convergence of the generating function of the collision local time of two independent copies of a symmetric and strongly transient random walk on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d\geq1$ , both starting from the origin, strictly increases when we condition on one of the random walks, both in discrete time and in continuous time. We conjecture that the same holds when the random walk is transient but not strongly transient. The presence of these gaps implies the existence of an intermediate phase for the long-time behaviour of a class of coupled branching processes, interacting diffusions, respectively, directed polymers in random environments.
DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF COORDINATED EYE MOVEMENTS IN THE HUMAN INFANT. I. VISUAL ACUITY IN THE NEWBORN HUMAN: A STUDY BASED ON INDUCED OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS RECORDED BY ELECTRO-OCULOGRAPHY.

Introduction This is the first report of current investigations into the relationship of the development of the optomotor reflexes in the human infant to the acquisition of binocular vision. It has been established that in order to achieve normal binocular vision each eye must have macular vision, which some investigators believe is conditioned postnatally over a period of months.1Therefore, as a first step in this study, the precise determination of the visual acuity of the newborn was undertaken with targets subtending angles considerably smaller than those used in previously reported studies. This report presents results of measurement of visual acuity by the observation of induced optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), which was recorded by means of the technique of electro-oculography. Review of the Problem Observations by some authors have led to the clinical impression that vision in the newborn is limited to the differentiation of gross objects.2In other
Unsettling the ‘social’ in social work: responses to asylum seeking children in Ireland

The ‘social’ context in which social work is located is becoming increasingly unsettled by emerging patterns of mobility. Mobility is constrained for many social work service users who are trapped within disadvantaged areas, while for others it has become a forced necessity to cross national boundaries and inhabit uncertain status in their nations of destination. This article explores the responses of the social work profession to children seeking asylum in the Republic of Ireland. These children's complex needs, produced by the conditions of mobility they have encountered and by the conditions of arrival/settlement in Ireland, force social work practice to be orientated beyond the boundaries of the national welfare state. In order to explore the varied responses of the social work profession in the Republic of Ireland to asylum seeking children, three different groups of children are considered: children seeking asylum who have been separated from their parents; children who are seeking asylum with their parent(s)/family; and young Irish citizens whose asylum seeking parents are in danger of being deported. It argues that the provision of appropriate services for these children requires the development of post-national forms of social work practice.
Results of surgery for aortic root aneurysm in patients with the Marfan syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of two operations, aortic valve-sparing and aortic root replacement, in patients with aortic root aneurysm and the Marfan syndrome. METHODS A retrospective review of 78 consecutive patients with aortic root aneurysm and the Marfan syndrome according to the Gent criteria indicated that 42 patients with normal aortic cusps had an aortic valve-sparing operation, and 36 patients had aortic root replacement (mechanical valve in 25 patients and biological valve in 11). The mean age was similar in both groups, but patients who had aortic root replacement had larger aneurysms, higher grade aortic insufficiency, worse left ventricular function and more cardiac co-morbidity than patients who had aortic valve-sparing operations. The mean follow-up was 41+/-35 months for patients who had aortic valve-sparing, and 65+/-50 months for those who had aortic root replacement. RESULTS Kaplan-Meyer estimates of survival at 5 years was 100% for patients who had aortic valve-sparing, and 88+/-6% for those who had aortic root replacement (P=0.04). Five patients who had aortic root replacement required seven aortic root re-replacements: three for endocarditis and four for valve failure (biological valves). There have been no reoperations in patients who had aortic valve-sparing operations and annual Doppler echocardiography revealed mild or no aortic insufficiency in 39 patients and moderate aortic insufficiency in three. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that aortic valve-sparing operations are safe in patients with the Marfan syndrome and may provide better clinical outcomes than aortic root replacement. Since the size of the aneurysm often determines the feasibility of a valve-sparing procedure, we now recommend surgery when the diameter of the aortic root reaches 50 mm in patients with the Marfan syndrome who have echocardiographically normal aortic valve cusps.
The Effect of Inversion on the Encoding of Normal and “Thatcherized” Faces

Abstract In the “Thatcher illusion” a face, in which the eyes and mouth are inverted relative to the rest of the face, looks grotesque when shown upright but not when inverted. In four experiments we investigated the contribution of local and global processing to this illusion in normal observers. We examined inversion effects (i.e., better performance for upright than for inverted faces) in a task requiring discrimination of whether faces were or were not “thatcherized”. Observers made same/different judgements to isolated face parts (Experiments 1–2) and to whole faces (Experiments 3–4). Face pairs had the same or different identity, allowing for different processing strategies using feature-based or configural information, respectively. In Experiment 1, feature-based matching of same-person face parts yielded only a small inversion effect for normal face parts. However, when feature-based matching was prevented by using the face parts of different people on all trials (Experiment 2) an inversion effect occurred for normal but not for thatcherized parts. In Experiments 3 and 4, inversion effects occurred with normal but not with thatcherized whole faces, on both same- and different-person matching tasks. This suggests that a common configural strategy was used with whole (normal) faces. Face context facilitated attention to misoriented parts in same-person but not in different-person matching. The results indicate that (1) face inversion disrupts local configural processing, but not the processing of image features, and (2) thatcherization disrupts local configural processing in upright faces.
An Analysis of the Outcomes of a Unified Teacher Preparation Program

This paper presents the findings of a study of learning gains made by students with disabilities and those without disability when taught by teacher candidates completing a unified teacher preparation program. The Student Academic Performance Sample, the culminating performance-based assessment of the program was the primary data source. This assessment permits analysis of student learning on a curriculum unit of instruction that is differentiated to meet the needs of all K-12 learners. Units of 20 teacher candidates were examined to determine: (a) the learning demonstrated by students with disabilities; and, (b) the teaching models and strategies used by the teacher candidates. Evidence of student learning was determined through analysis of disaggregated data from class-wide results. These data reveal that students with disabilities achieved within the range of their typical peers in 14 of the 20 units. The teaching model most frequently associated with learning by these students was cooperative learning. The implications of these results for inclusive teacher preparation are discussed.
A Hybrid Cooperative Coding Scheme for the Relay-Eavesdropper Channel

This paper considers the four-node relay-eavesdropper channel, where a relay node helps the source to send secret messages to the destination in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. For the discrete memoryless case, we propose a hybrid cooperative coding scheme, which is based on the combination of the partial decode-forward scheme, the noise-forward scheme and the random binning scheme. The key feature of the proposed hybrid cooperative scheme is that the relay integrates the explicit cooperation strategy and the implicit cooperation strategy by forwarding source messages and additional interference at the same time. The derived achievable secrecy rate shows that some existing works can be viewed as special cases of the proposed scheme. Then, the achievable secrecy rate is extended to the Gaussian channel based on Gaussian codebooks, and the optimal power policy is also identified in the high power region. Both the analysis and numerical results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed hybrid cooperative coding scheme outperforms the comparable ones, especially in the high power region.
An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention

Almost all heavy metals are serious toxicants as carcinogens. However, due to their chemical and physiological properties, heavy metals are useful in industrial areas including alloy, smelting and production of commercial products. Such applications increase the opportunity for heavy metal exposure. Waste from industrial processes is also a major source of environmental contamination and accumulation in the human body. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel are classified as group 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and are utilized commercially. In this review, we used molecular pathway analysis to understand the toxicity and carcinogenic mechanisms of these metals. Our analyzed data showed that above-mentioned metallic substances induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell death processes, resulting in increase the risk of cancer and cancer-related diseases. Thus, we might think phytochelatin molecules and antioxidative phytochemical substances are helpful for prevention of heavy metal-induced cancer.
Proposed Conservation Landscape for Giant Pandas in the Minshan Mountains, China

Abstract: The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), is one of the world's most endangered species. Habitat loss and fragmentation have reduced its numbers, shrunk its distribution, and separated the population into isolated subpopulations. Such isolated, small populations are in danger of extinction due to random demographic factors and inbreeding. We used least‐cost modeling as a systematic approach to incorporate satellite imagery and data on ecological and behavioral parameters of the giant panda collected during more than 10 years of field research to design a conservation landscape for giant pandas in the Minshan Mountains. We identified 8 core habitats and 4 potential linkages that would link core habitats CH3, CH4, and CH5 with core habitats CH6, CH7, and CH8. Establishing and integrating the identified habitats with existing reserves would create an efficient reserve network for giant panda conservation. The core habitats had an average density of 4.9 pandas/100 km2 and contained approximately 76.6% of the giant panda population. About 45% of the core habitat (3245.4 km2) existed outside the current nature reserves network. Total estimated core habitat decreased between 30.4 and 44.5% with the addition of residential areas and road networks factored into the model. A conservation area for giant panda in the Minshan Mountains should aim to ensure habitat retention and connectivity, improve dispersal potential of corridors, and maintain the evolutionary potential of giant pandas in the face of future environmental changes.
Recurrent Neural Networks for Drum Transcription

Music transcription is a core task in the ﬁeld of music information retrieval. Transcribing the drum tracks of music pieces is a well-deﬁned sub-task. The symbolic representation of a drum track contains much useful information about the piece, like meter, tempo, as well as various style and genre cues. This work introduces a novel approach for drum transcription using recurrent neural networks. We claim that recurrent neural networks can be trained to identify the onsets of percussive instruments based on general properties of their sound. Different architectures of recurrent neural networks are compared and evaluated using a well-known dataset. The outcomes are compared to results of a state-of-the-art approach on the same dataset. Furthermore, the ability of the networks to generalize is demonstrated using a second, independent dataset. The experiments yield promising results: while F-measures higher than state-of-the-art results are achieved, the networks are capable of generalizing reasonably well.
Making the link: Households and small business activity in a multi-ethnic context

The 'family' is frequently mentioned in assessments of the apparent distinctiveness of ethnic minority enterprise. Family involvement can account for the 'success' of some ethnic groups, and low rates of small business activity in others. Implicitly, such debates are recognition of the importance of the nature of the household and small business. However, few studies in Britain make explicit the link between household dynamics and ethnic minority business activity. This paper examines how households from a variety of ethnic communities impinge upon 'family' enterprise operating in the independent restaurant sector. In-depth interviews with family members from 37 micro-business households are drawn upon to illuminate three particular issues: the role of family members in the business; the impact of household dynamics on business activity; and the nature of 'second-generation' involvement in the family business. The findings highlight the gendered nature of roles within the micro-business household, and the importance of extended family ties to small business activity. However, the involvement of predominantly second-generation family members could not be regarded as an example of uncomplicated family collectivities at work. Rather, their presence was more a product of limited labour market choices, socialisation, and power relations within the household. La participation ded la familia en la empresa puede explicard 'exito' de algunos grupas etnicas, y a vez el numero reducido de las PYMES entre algunos otros drupos. Implicitamente tales debates manifestan la importancia de la naturaleza de la familia y la pequena empresa. Sin embargo, pocos estudios iievados a cabo en Gran Bretana senalan explicitamente la conexion entre la dinamica dentro de la familia y la activdad de las pequenas empresas de las minorias etnicas. Este papel examina como las caracteristicas de la vida domestica de diversas comunidades etnicas afectan la empreesa 'familiar' en al sector de los restaurantes indepenientes. Se refiere a una serie de entreuistas cualitativas con los miembros de 37 familias involucradas en micro-negocios y sirve para iluminar tres temas especificos: el rol desampenado por los miembros de la familia en la empresa; el impacto de la dinamica familiar del compromiso de la segunda generacion en la empresa de su familia. Los resultados de estas investigaciones destacan los lazos que existen entre las caracteristicas de las tareas dentro de las empresas y el sexo de los individuos que las iievan a cabo. Tambien demuenstran la importancia de los extendidos lazos familiares para las activadades empresariales. Sin embargo la presencia de tantos individuos pertenecientes a la 'segunda generacion' no puede considerarsed simplemente ejemplos de unas comlectiuidades familiares tvabajaundo juntes. En efecto, la presencia de estos inividuos es mas bien producto de la falta de oportunidudes en el mercado del trabajo, la socialiacion, el poder y las relagiones dentro de la familia.
Planning with Timed Literals and Deadlines

This paper describes how PDDL2.1 level 3 may be used to encode timed literals as well as goals with deadlines, which means that planners that have been designed to reason with PDDL2.1 level 3 will not need to be modified in order to solve problems containing timed literals and goals with deadlines. Two encodings are introduced and some preliminary results are presented. In light of these results the paper then describes how simple modifications made to the planner LPGP enable it to solve problems containing timed literals and goals with deadlines more effectively.
Patterns and Trends in Event Tourism Study Topics Over 30 Years

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate shifts and patterns evident in event studies over the past 30 years. It aims to review events‐related academic articles published between 1980 and 2010 in the top three tourism journals.Design/methodology/approach – By reviewing 178 event‐related articles collected from the Annals of Tourism Research, the Journal of Travel Research and Tourism Management, published between 1980 and 2010, a content analysis was carried out in regard to trends in academic writings related to events.Findings – The study found that, even though the number of event studies has dramatically increased since 2000, and subject areas have become more diversified, the focus has still remained on a very limited number of topics.Originality/value – The present study will increase awareness among academia and researchers about the characteristics and development of research in event studies; will increase the understating of the meaning of “event” in the tourism industry by reviewin.
Role of pulmonary infection in the development of chronic lung disease of prematurity

We studied the role of ante- and post-natal infection in the development of chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity. 192 newborn infants (61 term and 131 pre-term of <34 weeks gestation: 88 with respiratory distress syndrome, 35 developed CLD and eight died) were recruited. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were identified by PCR of DNA isolated from 840 gastric and lung fluid samples. Ureaplasma spp. were also cultured. Presence of 16S rRNA genes (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2) and Ureaplasma spp. (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.7–7.7) was significantly associated with the development of CLD. This association remained if the 16S rRNA genes and Ureaplasma spp. were first identified within the first 3 days of life (OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.4–4.1) and 3.8 (95% CI 1.4–10.0), respectively) or if first identified after 3 days of age (OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1–2.8) and OR 5.1 (95% CI 1.3–19.8), respectively). Peak lung fluid interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were significantly associated with presence of microbes (p<0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively) and development of CLD (p = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Both early and late microbial presence in neonatal lung fluid samples was significantly associated with the development of CLD suggesting that both ante- and post-natal infection play a role in the development of CLD.