Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of Husband and Wife Caregivers of Alzheimer Disease Patients to Caregiving Stressors

This study assessed relationships between problem behaviors in 199 Alzheimer Disease patients and vulnerability factors in the well being and emotional health of their spouse caregivers. Among caregiver wives and the younger caregiver husbands (64 years old and under) the volume of patient problem behavior was significantly negatively associated with total scores on a summary well being measure. The association was not found within the older husband caregiver group. Considering five subdimensions of the summary well being scale (Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Positive Well Being, Vitality and General Health), correlational analyses showed that the total patient problems measure appeared to have impact primarily among wife caregivers, particularly those 64 years old and under. Multiple regression analyses showed that one patient problem behavior category, Emotional Lability, was the single strongest predictor of impaired well being of the caregiver among all five subdimensions of the caregiver well being measure. Although Destructive Behavior of the patient was not significant by itself, an Age by Destructive Behavior interaction showed that high levels of patient Destructive Behavior predicted high levels of Depression, Anxiety, and low levels of Positive Well Being more among younger caregivers. Husband caregivers had significantly higher Anxiety scores than wife caregivers. These findings document how particular patient problem behaviors can affect caregivers. They point up as well how both gender and age may help target which caregivers are most vulnerable to the stress of specific Alzheimer patient behavior problems. They also suggest the utility of examining specific dimensions of well being rather than a total score alone for purposes of understanding the relationship of particular patient behavior problems to caregiver emotional and physical health.
Scale laws for enhanced power for MEMS based heat energy harvesting

An innovation approach to thermal energy harvesting is presented. It consists of a two step conversion of heat into electricity. The new technique can be used for powering ultra-low power electronics and autonomous systems. One of the keys to improve the generated power density is downscaling of individual devices. Laws modeling downscaling have been established in this paper and show that the miniaturization of the devices by a factor k increases the generated power density by the same factor, due to the increased speed of heat transfer. The scaling laws predict increasing power gain when miniaturizing the devices with use of e.g. VLSI technologies. This can help in providing a strong alternative to Seebeck devices.
The antecedents of maltreatment: Results of the Mother-Child Interaction Research Project.

Introduction Interest in the antecedents of child maltreatment has been present in a wide variety of disciplines for many years. Psychologists, particularly developmental psychologists, express interest in the extent to which this knowledge contributes to an understanding of the parenting process and developmental psychopathology (Maccoby and Martin, 1983). Professionals in applied fields such as medicine, social work, education, and clinical psychology depend upon research on the antecedents of child maltreatment in order to construct prediction, prevention, and intervention efforts in their work with individuals and families as well as in communities and social policy efforts. Despite the advances made in research and theory in child maltreatment over the past thirty years, only recently have there been attempts to develop integrated theoretical models of such a complex phenomenon (Cicchetti and Rizley, 1981). These efforts to produce empirically derived theories of the etiology of child maltreatment have been hindered by a number of central issues. These major issues are discussed at various points in this chapter and in others in this volume. It is important to realize that each of the disciplines contributing to maltreatment research must in some way address these issues. They include reliance on retrospective research designs, use of conceptual models that postulate isolated or single causes for maltreatment, and the lack of a heuristically generated theoretical foundation based on previous empirical findings (Belsky, 1980; Cicchetti and Aber, 1980; Cicchetti and Rizley, 1981; Egeland and Brunnquell, 1979). This chapter presents a summary of the results of research conducted on the antecedents of child maltreatment by the Mother-Child Interaction Research Project at the University of Minnesota, which was specifically designed to address these issues.
Identification of Residues Important for the Activity of Haloferax volcanii AglD, a Component of the Archaeal N-Glycosylation Pathway

In Haloferax volcanii, AglD adds the final hexose to the N-linked pentasaccharide decorating the S-layer glycoprotein. Not knowing the natural substrate of the glycosyltransferase, together with the challenge of designing assays compatible with hypersalinity, has frustrated efforts at biochemical characterization of AglD activity. To circumvent these obstacles, an in vivo assay designed to identify amino acid residues important for AglD activity is described. In the assay, restoration of AglD function in an Hfx. volcanii aglD deletion strain transformed to express plasmid-encoded versions of AglD, generated through site-directed mutagenesis at positions encoding residues conserved in archaeal homologues of AglD, is reflected in the behavior of a readily detectable reporter of N-glycosylation. As such Asp110 and Asp112 were designated as elements of the DXD motif of AglD, a motif that interacts with metal cations associated with nucleotide-activated sugar donors, while Asp201 was predicted to be the catalytic base of the enzyme.
Housing and Disabled Children

• Families with a disabled child are more likely to be renting their homes than families with non-disabled children. Whilst there has been an increase in the proportion of familes as a whole being home-owners, the proportion of families with a disable child becoming home-owners has remained the same. • Families with a disabled child are less likely to be living in a decent home compared to families with a non-disabled child. Those with a disabled child are 50 per cent more likely than other families to live in overcrowded accommodation, to rate their home as being in a poor state of repair, and to report problems with wiring, draughts and damp in the child’s bedroom. • Compared to other groups of disabled people, disabled children requiring specifically adapted homes are the least likely to be living in suitable accommodation . • The great majority of families with disabled children report that their homes are unsuitable for their child’s needs and the associated needs of other family members. Often the home is unsuitable in a number of ways, • All disabled children and their families, not just children with physical disabilities, are likely to experience difficulties with their housing. • The sorts of problems with housing most frequently reported by families include lack of family space, and lack of space for storing and using therapeutic equipment. Other common problems are difficulties with location and unsuitable or inaccessible kitchens, toilets and bathrooms. • Moving, as opposed to adapting the current home, is the preferred option for dealing with unsuitable housing for around half of families. • Disabled children and young people spend more time at home than non-disabled children, but there is evidence to suggest that their homes are the most restrictive environments in which they spend their time. • Improvements in families’ housing situation can lead to increased independence, more confidence and greater self-reliance among disabled children. However, families can experience significant difficulties accessing support and services to help them address the problems with their housing. • Living in unsuitable housing has been found to be associated with increased levels of parental stress. Parents describe the negative impact living in unsuitable housing has on their child’s well-being and development as well as on their own, and their other children’s, physical and emotional well-being. The research By Bryony Beresford with Dave Rhodes
Deutsche und Ausländer an der "zweiten Schwelle". Eine vergleichende Analyse der Berufseinstiegskohorten 1976-1995 in Westdeutschland

Die Ausbildungsbeteiligung auslandischer Jugendlicher in Westdeutschland ist seit den 1970er-Jahren deutlich gestiegen. Analysen mit der IAB- Beschaftigtenstichprobe zeigen jedoch, dass Auslander im Anschluss an eine betriebliche Ausbildung schlechtere Berufseinstiegschancen als Deutsche haben. Vor allem die nichtdeutschen Manner verlassen haufiger den Ausbildungsbetrieb und den Ausbildungsberuf als deutsche Manner, auserdem werden sie haufiger arbeitslos und unterhalb ihres Qualifikationsniveaus beschaftigt. Im Kohortenvergleich sind nur geringe Veranderungen der Differenzen zwischen Deutschen und Auslandern festzustellen. Multivariate Analysen verweisen darauf, dass sowohl die Ausbildungsstrukturen als auch die Bewaltigung der "zweiten Schwelle" fur die schlechteren Berufschancen von Auslandern verantwortlich ist. (DIPF/Orig.) The number of foreign adolescents taking part in vocational training in West Germany has risen considerably since the 1970s. However, analyses applying the IAB employment subsample show that it is much harder for foreigners to find employment after having finished their professional training than it is for Germans. Non-German men, in particular, have to leave the training firm or their training occupation more often than German men; furthermore incidence of unemployment is higher and they are more often employed below their level of qualification. A comparison among cohorts reveals but slight changes regarding the differences between Germans and foreigners. Multivariate analyses point to the fact that both the structures of vocational training and the coping with the Â“second thresholdÂ” are responsible for the inferior career start chances of foreigners. (DIPF/Orig.)
Women in Parliament

Percentage of parliamentary seats held by women 2005 or latest year available Did you know? Women are outnumbered by men in all the world’s parliaments. Women hold close to half the parliamentary seats in Rwanda and Sweden and about a third in the Nordic countries, in Cuba, Costa Rica and Argentina. There is no reliable relationship between how rich a country is, and how many women are in parliament. On the other hand, there does seem to be a link between the percentage of women in employment and the percentage of parliamentary seats held by women. The chart below plots the percentage of women in parliament against the percentage of the total female population of working age (15-64) in employment. Women’s participation in political life appears to reflect, at least to some extent, their participation in economic life. Percentages of women in parliament are high in Nordic countries where women make up a large part of the labour market and low in Turkey, Greece, Italy and Hungary.
Rock fracture via strain-softening finite elements

The fracture of rock is assumed to arise from propagation of a blunt crack band with continuously distributed (smeared) microcracks or continuous cracks. This approach, justified by material heterogeneity, is convenient for finite element analysis, and allows analyzing fracture on the basis of triaxial stress‐strain relations which cover the strain‐softening behavior. A simple compliance formulation is derived for this purpose. The practical form of the theory involves two independent material parameters, the fracture energy and the tensile strength. The width of the crack band front is considered as a fixed material property and can be taken as roughly five‐times the grain size of rock. The theory is shown to be capable of satisfactorily representing the test data available in the literature. In particular, good fits are demonstrated for the measured maximum loads, as well as for the measured resistance curves (R‐curves). Statistical analysis of the deviations from the test data is also presented.
A Test of the Segregation Premise

ABSTRACT Concerns have been raised over the potential of charter schools to re-segregate the nation's schools. This concern has been expressed mostly with respect to students with disabilities and with respect to ethnic and/or racial minorities. In this study, the enrollment statistics for charter and contiguous non-charter public schools in a large urban district were compared with each other and with district enrollment averages by school level (elementary, middle, and senior schools). Findings indicated that very few enrollment percentages of charters and of noncharters were comparable with District averages on gender, ethnicity, participation in the free/reduced lunch program (FRL), limited English proficiency (LEP), and students in exceptional student education (ESE). Indeed, contiguous charter and non-charter public schools were more likely to resemble each other than District averages. However, charters and non-charters differed significantly from each other on the number of schools that had “low” and “high” enrollments of students participating in FRL, of LEP, and of ESE students.
Lactate transport in rat sarcolemmal vesicles and intact skeletal muscle, and after muscle contraction.

To determine whether it was possible to measure lactate transport rates into intact skeletal muscles, the transport of lactate (zero-trans) was determined in soleus muscle strips incubated in vitro and compared with lactate transport in sarcolemmal vesicles. In addition, the effects of muscle contractility on lactate transport were investigated in electrically-stimulated soleus muscle strips. In both the intact muscle and the sarcolemmal preparations the rates of transport were saturable, stereospecific, and inhibitable by monocarboxylates (pyruvate, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate) and a protein modifier (N-ethylmaleimide; P < 0.05). The anion exchange inhibitor SITS had no effect on lactate uptake (P > 0.05). In both preparations lactate transport followed an inwardly directed proton gradient. Relative comparisons (%) between the preparations indicated a similar slope of increasing transport rates with increasing lactate concentrations and similar responses to a changing pH environment. These characterizations of L-lactate transport into isolated sarcolemmal vesicles and muscle strips revealed that both preparations yielded similar conclusions regarding the transmembrane movement of L-lactate. By using this more physiological muscle preparation, contractile activity, induced by electrical stimulation, did not increase lactate uptake in skeletal muscle in the post-exercise period whereas under similar conditions a marked increase in 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake occurred (+ 47%; P < 0.05). These data suggest that the transport of glucose and lactate in contracting muscle is regulated differently. These studies also show that the incubated muscle strip preparation may be useful for studying lactate transport in an intact cell system during physiological experiments.
Acquaintance influences memory for consistent versus inconsistent interpersonal information.

ACQUAINTANCE INFLUENCES MEMORY FOR CONSISTENT VERSUS INCONSISTENT INTERPERSONAL INFORMATION SEPTEMBER 1994 SCOTT VAN MANEN, B.A. , YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Assistant Professor Paula Pietromonaco Researchers have proposed a relationship between schema strength and memory for consistent versus inconsistent information. This phenomenon may be especially influential in interpersonal relationships, where friends may have strong and well developed schemas, whereas strangers may have weak and newly formed schemas. In the three studies, friends or strangers initially guessed their partner's response to a series of multiple choice questions and then viewed feedback they believed to be their partners' actual response. Feedback varied in whether it was consistent, mildly inconsistent, or very inconsistent with the guess. Results confirmed that subjects who had just met showed a memory bias in favor of schema inconsistent information. In contrast, subjects in pre-existent friend pairs showed a memory bias in favor of schema-consistent information. We found no evidence that the effect was mediated by elaboration, dispositional attributions, or certainty. The role of relationship quality remains unclear.
Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction and E-Loyalty: Online Shopping Environment among the Young Adults

According to Internet World Stats (2012) about 60.7% of the total population in Malaysia uses the Internet and about more than 11 million people out of that number are young adults. From business and marketing perspectives, according to Nelson (2012), satisfied customers tend to share their experiences about a company or business to other people. Thus, this study aims to examine the factors influencing customer satisfaction, and how customer satisfaction subsequently affects e-loyalty towards online shopping among young adults. A convenience sampling of 193 responses were collected throughout the Klang Valley and it took about three months to complete the whole process of data collection and analyses. In addition, questionnaire survey method was used to collect data from the respondents. All the data gained were analysed by various statistical methods in Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The reliability of the data was verified via reliability analysis. Furthermore, descriptive analysis was used to describe the basic features of the data in the study; and regression analysis was adopted to test the hypothesised relationships among the variables. Findings show that only e-service quality and information quality have effects on customer’s satisfaction. It was also found that customer’s satisfaction does positively impact e-loyalty. On the other hand, the findings reveal that website design and security were insignificant towards customer’s satisfaction. Overall, the findings of this study would help marketers to formulate and implement effective online marketing strategies, as well as in the decision making process.
Comprehensive View of the Human Mating Process Among Young Couples in Isfahan-Iran: An Explanatory Mixed-Method Study

Background: Heterosexual relationship is the main component of mate selection. Regardless of the importance of mate favorites, little is known about exact valued criteria in potential mates. Objectives: This study was designed to comprehensively explain the theoretical view of the human mating process. Materials and Methods: This was as an explanatory mixed–method study. The first phase was a cross-sectional quantitative study with two Farsi-modified versions of instruments: preferences concerning potential mates and factors of choosing a mate; content analysis was the second phase. The quantitative phase of this study consisted of 202 dating couples, decided to get married. The qualitative phase consisted of 28 participants who acquired the extreme scores (highest and lowest) in the first phase. Results: Average age of marriage for women and men was 23.04 and 26.41 respectively; the actual age difference was 3.37 years (women younger than men). The results of this study in support of evolution-based theory explained that, age is a preference and choosing an older husband and a younger wife is due to having reproductive capacity. Also, they mentioned that appearance is necessary for men because of sexual attraction, not as a prediction for the next generation appearance. In both phases of this study, both genders had a strong emphasis on “chastity” in a potential mate. Results showed that, men preferred a mate who was a good housewife, capable of cooking, and women preferred a mate with “Good earning capacity”, “Good financial prospect” “university education”, “Favorable social status” and “Industriousness”. Conclusions: The results confirmed that for a comprehensive view in human mating process, we need a combined theoretical approach as well as qualitative and quantitative study to explore the real meaning of each preference in a mate.
Data mining techniques for improving and enriching cancer epigenetics

The aim of epigenetic cancer research is to connect tumor development with processes involving gene regulations, which are not directly encoded in the DNA. Recent advanced techniques for genome-wide mapping of epigenetic information are significantly improving this knowledge by generating large amounts of high resolution data. But still many dependencies remain unknown due to the presence of technical errors such as batch effect. This thesis describes the associations discovered during DNA methylation data mining as well as technical challenges which should be considered during data processing. Moreover, the same computational methods applied to epigenetic data were adapted to process bacterial genome data. Hereby, thesis is mainly structured into four parts. The first part presents the baseline for DNA methylation data analysis, pathway and functional enrichment which helped in explaining DNA co-methylation phenomenon. The second part covers the problem of batch effect detection and adjustment. Here the newly developed BEclear R software package is described and is compared against existing well established methods. In addition, we suggest the optimal strategy for batch effect assessment, parameter selection and the impact of this negative effect on the final result. The third part addresses the analysis of S. aureus genome using different data mining techniques ranging from hierarchical agglomerative clustering to Affinity Propagation. Interestingly, that ambiguous bacterial genome data was successfully predicted with the same exact matrix completion algorithm used in BEclear. The final part describes statistical analysis of community acquired S. aureus isolates which revealed important associations between bacterial resistance and virulence profiles with the geographical location. Conceivably the most important outcome of the current thesis is the in-depth review of batch effect. It is notorious for its ability to affect the whole data processing procedure. Moreover, it can influence the results tremendously and is of current interest among researchers who work with genome-wide high-throughput data sets. There exist several approaches that allow diminishing the negative effect of batch effect on the investigated data sets. Our new tool BEclear allows not only detecting and assessing batch effect, but also adjusting it only in the batch affected part of data using Latent factor models matrix approximation. We tested the devised methodology on breast invasive carcinoma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and compared it with the existing algorithms ComBat, Surrogate Variable Analysis and Functional normalization. We show that BEclear outperformed these methods with respect to precision while avoiding changing the unaffected data, since it focuses on the batch affected genes only. This makes BEclear a competitive algorithm in batch effect correction and can be widely applied to DNA methylation or even gene expression data. BEclear is available as an R package.