Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Legal Protection in the Prevention of Domestic Violence Among Young Australian Women

• The main aim of this study is to inform policy and practice on the effectiveness of legal protection and other factors in preventing repeated violence to young women by their partners • Women were selected for the study from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Potential participants were those women aged 18 to 23 years who in 1996 indicated they had ever been in a violent relationship with a partner or spouse. • A total of 1396 of these women were selected for interview and 674 (51 %) were successfully interviewed using a Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) procedure in 1998. • The interview was designed to allow women to provide detailed data through a series of closed-ended questions. These data included history of violence, nature of relationship, partner characteristics and help sought. Data were collected with respect to four reference time points: the time of interview, 3 months before interview, 6 months before interview, 12 months before interview. • Of the women interviewed, 493 had been in physically violent relationships. • Most young women had left the violent relationship. Only, 19% were in a violent relationship currently; the other 81% had separated from the violent partner. • Of the 493 women who had been subject to physical violence by a male partner, 117 (24%) of the women were no longer in a current relationship of any type and 376 women were in a current relationship with a legal or defacto spouse or had a current boyfriend. • In the year before the interview, 80 women had experienced violence by a current or ex-partner. • Nearly half the women (45.4%) had been subject to serious violence within the most recent violent relationship. Three quarters of young women had been subject to violence at a 'medium' level of severity (kicked, bitten, slapped, hit with the fist, hit with something else that could hurt). Half of the women had been subject to serious violence (beaten, choked, attempted or threatened shooting). Only a small percentage (12%) of the young women had been subject to a single incident of minor violence (pushed, grabbed, shoved, something thrown at them that could hurt them). • Injuries, which included bruising, were not uncommon-72.4% of women suffered some sort of injury. Some young women suffered injuries such as broken or fractured bones, burns, broken teeth or miscarriages. • Almost one-third (24%) of women interviewed had sought …
Nebivolol Reduces Nitroxidative Stress and Restores Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Endothelium of Black Americans

Background— Alterations in endothelial function may contribute to increased susceptibility of black Americans to cardiovascular disease. The ability to pharmacologically reverse endothelial dysfunction in blacks was tested with nebivolol, a &bgr;1-selective agent with vasodilating and antioxidant properties. Methods and Results— The effects of nebivolol on endothelial nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (O2−), and peroxynitrite concentration (ONOO−) release were studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and iliac artery endothelial cells isolated from age-matched black and white donors. Kinetics and concentrations of NO/O2−/ONOO− were measured simultaneously with nanosensors from single cells and shown to have significant interracial differences. The rate of NO release was ≈5 times slower in blacks than in whites (94 versus 505 nmol · L−1 · s−1), whereas the rates of release were faster by ≈2 times for O2− and ≈4 times for ONOO− (22.1 versus 9.4 nmol · L−1 · s−1 for O2− and 810 versus 209 nmol · L−1 · s−1 for ONOO−). Pretreatment with 1.0 to 5.0 &mgr;mol/L nebivolol restored NO bioavailability in endothelial cells from black donors with concurrent reductions in O2− and ONOO− release, similar to levels in the endothelium of whites. The effects of nebivolol were dose-dependent and not observed with atenolol; similar effects were observed with apocynin, an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor. Conclusions— Reduced endothelial NO bioavailability in American blacks is mainly due to excessive O2− and ONOO− generation by NAD(P)H and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase. Nebivolol decreased O2− and ONOO− concentrations and restored NO bioavailability in blacks to the level recorded in cells from whites, independently of &bgr;1-selective blockade.
Dimension Reduction With Extreme Learning Machine

Data may often contain noise or irrelevant information, which negatively affect the generalization capability of machine learning algorithms. The objective of dimension reduction algorithms, such as principal component analysis (PCA), non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), random projection (RP), and auto-encoder (AE), is to reduce the noise or irrelevant information of the data. The features of PCA (eigenvectors) and linear AE are not able to represent data as parts (e.g. nose in a face image). On the other hand, NMF and non-linear AE are maimed by slow learning speed and RP only represents a subspace of original data. This paper introduces a dimension reduction framework which to some extend represents data as parts, has fast learning speed, and learns the between-class scatter subspace. To this end, this paper investigates a linear and non-linear dimension reduction framework referred to as extreme learning machine AE (ELM-AE) and sparse ELM-AE (SELM-AE). In contrast to tied weight AE, the hidden neurons in ELM-AE and SELM-AE need not be tuned, and their parameters (e.g, input weights in additive neurons) are initialized using orthogonal and sparse random weights, respectively. Experimental results on USPS handwritten digit recognition data set, CIFAR-10 object recognition, and NORB object recognition data set show the efficacy of linear and non-linear ELM-AE and SELM-AE in terms of discriminative capability, sparsity, training time, and normalized mean square error.
Lateral femoral cutaneous neuralgia: An anatomical insight

A detailed anatomic study was carried out on the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve to better understand the etiology and treatment of lateral femoral cutaneous neuralgia. As it passed from the pelvis into the thigh, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve ran through an “aponeuroticofascial tunnel,” beginning at the iliopubic tract and ending at the inguinal ligament; as it passed through the tunnel, an enlargement in its side‐to‐side diameter was observed, suggesting that the fascial structures proximal to the inguinal ligament may be implicated in the genesis of lateral femoral cutaneous neuralgia. The finding of pseudoneuromas at this location, distant from the inguinal ligament, supports this hypothesis. The anterior superior iliac spine is located approximately 0.7 cm from the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and serves as the bony landmark for nerve localization. Within the first 3 cm of leaving the pelvis, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was observed deep to the fascia lata; therefore, surgical dissection within the subcutaneous fascia may be conducted with relative impunity near the anterior superior iliac spine just inferior to the inguinal ligament. In 36% of cases there was no posterior branch of the nerve, which is correlated to lateral femoral cutaneous neuralgia symptoms often being limited to the anterior branch region. An accessory nerve was found in 30% of cases. Clin. Anat. 16:309–316, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dengue Virus Neutralization in Cells Expressing Fc Gamma Receptors

Activating Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) in hematopoietic cells serve to remove antibody-opsonized antigens, including dengue virus (DENV), from systemic circulation. While neutralizing antibody concentrations provide humoral immunity, cross-reactive or sub-neutralizing levels of antibody can result in antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection that increases overall viral burden. Recently, it has been suggested that the antibody levels needed for DENV neutralization differs when different FcγR is engaged. If this is true, the threshold titer used to infer immunity should be influenced by FcγR usage. Here, using cells that express both activating and inhibitory FcγRs, we show that the type of FcγR engaged during phagocytosis can influence the antibody concentration requirement for DENV neutralization. We demonstrate that phagocytosis through FcγRI requires significantly less antibody for complete DENV neutralization compared to FcγRIIA. Furthermore, when DENV is opsonized with sub-neutralizing levels of antibody, FcγRI-mediated phagocytosis resulted in significantly reduced DENV titers compared to FcγRIIA. However, while FcγRI may remove antibody-opsonized DENV more efficiently, this receptor is only preferentially engaged by clustering when neutralizing, but not sub-neutralizing antibody concentrations, were used. Collectively, our study demonstrates that activating FcγR usage may influence antibody titers needed for DENV neutralization.
The ruggedness of protein-protein energy landscape and the cutoff for 1/rn potentials

MOTIVATION Computational studies of the energetics of protein association are important for revealing the underlying fundamental principles and for designing better tools to model protein complexes. The interaction cutoff contribution to the ruggedness of protein-protein energy landscape is studied in terms of relative energy fluctuations for 1/r(n) potentials based on a simplistic model of a protein complex. This artificial ruggedness exists for short cutoffs and gradually disappears with the cutoff increase. RESULTS The critical values of the cutoff were calculated for each of 11 popular power-type potentials with n=0/9, 12 and for two thresholds of 5% and 10%. The artificial ruggedness decreases to tolerable thresholds for cutoffs larger than the critical ones. The results showed that for both thresholds the critical cutoff is a non-monotonic function of the potential power n. The functions reach the maximum at n=3/4 and then decrease with the increase of the potential power. The difference between two cutoffs for 5% and 10% artificial ruggedness becomes negligible for potentials decreasing faster than 1/r(12). The analytical results obtained for the simple model of protein complexes agree with the analysis of artificial ruggedness in a dataset of 62 protein-protein complexes, with different parameterizations of soft Lennard-Jones potential and two types of protein representations: all-atom and coarse-grained. The results suggest that cutoffs larger than the critical ones can be recommended for protein-protein potentials.
Tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma assessed by cytokeratin immunostaining and budding areas: Possible involvement of c-Met

Tumor budding/sprouting has been shown to be an independent adverse prognostic factor in T1 and T3N0 colorectal carcinomas, however, its assessment could be improved by more accurate identification of budding carcinoma cells and consideration of budding areas. Moreover, tumor budding mechanisms are yet to be defined. In this study, we evaluated the identification of budding tumor cells by either H&E staining alone or H&E with immunohistochemistry and developed a scoring system based on budding grades and areas. We examined whether the budding score correlated with clinicopathologic features and prognosis and the association between tumor budding/sprouting and c‐Met protein expression and phosphorylation and MET gene copy numbers because c‐Met is known to play an important role in colorectal carcinoma tumorigenesis. Cytokeratin immunohistochemistry could identify tumors with shorter disease‐free survival (DFS) from the low‐grade budding group assessed with H&E alone. High budding scores based on budding grade and area were more significantly correlated with DFS than scores obtained using the budding grade alone. In tumors with a high budding score, c‐Met expression and phosphorylation levels and MET gene copy numbers were significantly increased at the invasive front compared with those in superficial tumor portions. This study showed for the first time that high levels of phospho‐c‐Met at the invasive front were significantly associated with a high budding score and shorter DFS. In conclusion, a budding score assessed by budding grades and budding‐positive areas correlates highly with clinicopathologic aggressive features of colorectal carcinoma.
Improving SLAM with Drift Integration

Localization without prior knowledge can be a difficult task for a vehicle. An answer to this problematic lies in the Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) approach where a map of the surroundings is built while simultaneously being used for localization purposes. However, SLAM algorithms tend to drift over time, making the localization inconsistent. In this paper, we propose to model the drift as a localization bias and to integrate it in a general architecture. The latter allows any feature-based SLAM algorithm to be used while taking advantage of the drift integration. Based on previous works, we extend the bias concept and propose a new architecture which drastically improves the performance of our method, both in terms of computational power and memory required. We validate this framework on real data with different scenarios. We show that taking into account the drift allows us to maintain consistency and improve the localization accuracy with almost no additional cost.
Enhanced Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus reuteri When Delivered as a Biofilm on Dextranomer Microspheres That Contain Beneficial Cargo

As with all orally consumed probiotics, the Gram-positive bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri encounters numerous challenges as it transits through the gastrointestinal tract of the host, including low pH, effectors of the host immune system, as well as competition with commensal and pathogenic bacteria, all of which can greatly reduce the availability of live bacteria for therapeutic purposes. Recently we showed that L. reuteri, when adhered in the form of a biofilm to a semi-permeable biocompatible dextranomer microsphere, reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis by 50% in a well-defined animal model following delivery of a single prophylactic dose. Herein, using the same semi-permeable microspheres, we showed that providing compounds beneficial to L. reuteri as diffusible cargo within the microsphere lumen resulted in further advantageous effects including glucosyltransferase-dependent bacterial adherence to the microsphere surface, resistance of bound bacteria against acidic conditions, enhanced adherence of L. reuteri to human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, and facilitated production of the antimicrobial compound reuterin and the anti-inflammatory molecule histamine. These data support continued development of this novel probiotic formulation as an adaptable and effective means for targeted delivery of cargo beneficial to the probiotic bacterium.
Premature Carotid Atherosclerosis: Does It Occur in Both Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Homocystinuria? Ultrasound Assessment of Arterial Intima‐Media Thickness and Blood Flow Velocity

Background and Purpose Homocystinuria due to cystathio-nine β-synthase deficiency and familial hypercholesterolemia are inherited disorders of metabolism that are associated with premature development of cardiovascular disease. This study addresses the possibility that different patterns of carotid wall damage and cerebral blood flow hemodynamics are present in these two metabolic diseases. Methods Twelve patients with homocystinuria due to cys-tathionine β-synthase deficiency (mean age, 24 years), 10 patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (mean age, 26 years), and 11 healthy control subjects (mean age, 26 years) underwent a vascular examination by noninvasive methods. B-mode ultrasound imaging was used to obtain measurements of intima-media thickness of common carotid, bifurcation, and internal carotid arteries as an index of atherosclerosis. Cerebral blood flow velocity was estimated from vascular examination of the middle cerebral artery by transcranial Doppler. Systolic, diastolic, and mean velocities were measured. Pulsatility index, a possible indicator of vascular resistance in the cerebral circulation, was also calculated. Results Mean maximum intima-media thickness was 1.4 mm in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, 0.6 mm in patients with homocystinuria, and 0.6 mm in control subjects. The difference between hypercholesterolemic and homocystinuric patients or control subjects was statistically significant (p<.001). Diastolic blood flow velocities were significantly reduced in the middle cerebral arteries of hypercholesterolemic patients compared with homocystinuric patients or control subjects (P<.05), whereas systolic or mean velocities did not differ. The pulsatUity index, a possible indicator of vascular resistance in the cerebral circulation, was significantly higher in hypercholesterolemic patients compared with homocystinuric patients or healthy control subjects (P<.01). A direct relation was demonstrated between pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery and mean maximum intima-media thickness of carotid arteries on the same side (P<.001). Conclusions Familial hypercholesterolemia is responsible for diffuse and focal thickening of carotid arteries and possibly also for hyperlipidemic endothelial dysfunction extending to small resistance arteries and leading to a disturbed cerebral blood flow. Patients with homocystinuria due to homozygosis for cystathionine β-synthase deficiency seldom have plaques in their carotid arteries. They are similar to healthy control subjects with regard to both intima-media thickness and blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery. Therefore, it is unlikely that typical atherosclerotic lesions precede thrombotic events in homocystinuria. However, it is possible that arterial dilatations caused by medial damage lead to thrombosis in homocystinuric patients.
Boron-Dependent Degradation of NIP5;1 mRNA for Acclimation to Excess Boron Conditions in Arabidopsis[W]

NIP5;1 encodes a boron channel; this work shows that the 5′ untranslated region of NIP5;1 is required for mRNA accumulation in response to boron deficiency and mRNA degradation in response to high-boron conditions. Boron (B) is an essential plant micronutrient that is toxic at higher levels. NIP5;1 is a boric acid channel required for B uptake and growth under B deficiency. Accumulation of the NIP5;1 transcript is upregulated under B deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. To elucidate the mechanism of regulation, the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of NIP5;1 was tested for its ability to confer B-dependent regulation using β-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein as reporters. This analysis showed that the 5′ UTR was involved in NIP5;1 transcript accumulation in response to B conditions. We also found that high-B conditions trigger NIP5;1 mRNA degradation and that the sequence from +182 to +200 bp in the 5′ UTR is required for this mRNA destabilization. In the nip5;1-1 mutant background, a NIP5;1 complementation construct without the 5′ UTR produced high levels of mRNA accumulation, increased B concentrations in tissues, and reduced growth under high-B conditions. These data suggest that the 5′ UTR controls B-dependent NIP5;1 mRNA degradation and that NIP5;1 mRNA degradation is important for plant acclimation to high-B conditions.
Three-loop free energy for pure gauge QCD.

We compute the free energy density for pure non-Abelian gauge theory at high temperature and zero chemical potential. The three-loop result to [ital O]([ital g][sup 4]) is [ital F]=[ital d][sub [ital A]][ital T][sup 4][pi][sup 2]/9[l brace][minus]1/5+([ital g][sub [ital A]]/4[pi])[sup 2][minus]16/[radical]3([ital g][sub [ital A]]/4[pi])[sup 3] [minus]48([ital g][sub [ital A]]/4[pi])[sup 4]ln([ital g][sub [ital A]]/2[pi][radical]3) +([ital g][sub [ital A]]/4[pi])[sup 4][22/3ln[bar [mu]]/4[pi][ital T]+38/3[zeta][prime]([minus]3)/[zeta]([minus]3) [minus]148/3[zeta][prime]([minus]1)/[zeta]([minus]1)[minus]4[gamma][sub [ital E]]+64/5]+[ital O]([ital g][sub [ital A]][sup 5])[r brace], where [ital T] is the temperature, [zeta] is the Riemann zeta function, [ital g][sub [ital A]]==[ital g]([bar [mu]])[ital C][sub [ital A]][sup 1/2], [bar [mu]] is the M[bar S] renormalization scale, [ital g]([bar [mu]]) is the corresponding coupling constant, and [ital d][sub [ital A]] and [ital C][sub [ital A]] are the dimension and Casimir number of the adjoint representation. We examine the sensitivity of this result to the choice of renormalization scale [bar [mu]]. We also give a result for the free energy of scalar [phi][sup 4] theory, correcting a result previously given in the literature.
HIV risk behavioral surveillance: a methodology for monitoring behavioral trends.

OBJECTIVE This article summarizes issues and recommendations for conducting HIV risk behavioral surveillance surveys (BSS) based on experiences from ten BSS projects in eight countries in Asia and Africa. BACKGROUND BSS consists of systematic and repeated cross-sectional surveys of HIV and sexually transmitted disease-related behaviors, with other knowledge and attitudinal variables added where appropriate. Its major purpose and utility is in detecting trends among selected vulnerable and high-risk population groups whose behavioral change can have the most impact on the epidemic. BSS is also useful for tracking trends in behaviors over time in regions exposed to HIV prevention activities, as a contributing component to the comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of interventions. RECOMMENDATIONS (i) implement BSS as an essential adjunct to HIV/STD epidemiological surveillance; (ii) use BSS for evaluation purposes in combination with process data and triangulate results with qualitative research; (iii) choose sentinel groups based on epidemiological considerations, evaluation and monitoring needs, representative sampling frames, and political and cultural considerations; (iv) maintain 1-year intervals between survey waves for most groups in order to provide yearly updates on behavioral trends for programmatic adjustments; (v) use internationally standardized indicators and question wording; (vi) maintain strict quality control standards to enhance data validity and reliability; and (vii) develop a clear dissemination strategy during BSS design to increase the likelihood of utilization of BSS results. CONCLUSION BSS represents a cost-effective way to determine whether programmatic behavioral targets and goals are being met, to identify persisting risk behaviors over time, and to indicate whether new intervention approaches are necessary.