Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Several variables $p$-adic $L$-functions for Hida families of Hilbert modular forms

After formulating Conjecture A for p-adic L-functions defined over ordinary Hilbert modular Hida deformations on a totally real field F of degree d, we construct two p-adic L-functions of d+1-variable depending on the parity of weight as a partial result on Conjecture A. We will also state Conjecture B which is a corollary of Conjecture A but is important by itself. Main issues of the construction are the study of Hida theory of Hilbert modular forms by using Hilbert modular varieties (without using Shimura curves), the study of higher dimensional modular symbols on Hilbert modular varieties and delicate treatments on archimedean and p-adic periods. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11R23, 11F41, 14G35, 11F67
Quality Assessment of Private Practitioners in Rural Wardha, Maharashtra

Objective: To assess the quality of care provided by private practitioners in rural areas of Wardha district. Methodology: The study was carried out in three primary health centres of Wardha district. 20% of the 44 registered private practitioners were selected randomly for the study. The data was collected using checklist through direct observation for the infrastructure. Assessment of quality of services delivered, 10 consecutive patients were observed and also the medical practitioner was interviewed. Supplies and logistics were assessed through observation. Results: All the facilities were sheltered from weather conditions and 90% had adequate waiting space. But, drinking water and adequate IEC material was available in only 20% facilities. Complete history taking and relevant physical examination was done in only 20% cases. Only 20% practitioners recorded blood pressure and 30% recorded temperature in cases with fever. Provisional diagnosis was not written in any of the case and only 20% explained prescription to the patients. Conclusion: There is considerable scope to improve the quality of services of private practitioners. To achieve this quality assurance programs may be initiated along with the training of private medical practitioners.
Effect of process parameters on hardness and microstructure of graphene reinforced titanium composites

In this study, the effect of the sintering time, temperature and graphene amount on titanium properties was examined for the first time in detail. From the results, the highly dense (4.39 g/cm3), most hard (from 390 HV to 566 HV) and improved microstructure for 0.15 wt% graphene addition were performed at 1100℃ for 120 min. The titanium composite properties have been reduced with increasing graphene due to damaged graphene and titanium carbide formation above 0.30 wt% graphene. To summarise, when pure titanium is compared with graphene reinforced titanium composites, the properties enhanced due to dislocation and fine grain strengthening mechanisms.
On the Constructive Inverse Problem in Differential Galois Theory

We give sufficient conditions for a differential equation to have a given semisimple group as its Galois group. For any group G with G 0 = G 1 · ··· · G r , where each G i is a simple group of type Aℓ, Cℓ, Dℓ, E6, or E7, we construct a differential equation over C(x) having Galois group G.
Analysis of localized oxides and oxide films formed on alloy 625 and 617 in supercritical water and superheated steam environments at 750°C

Oxidation tests using coupon specimens of alloy 625 and alloy 617, and four-point bending tests for a duration of 100 hrs were carried out in supercritical water (SCW) environment at a pressure of 24 MPa and in superheated steam (SHS) environments at 750°C. The noticeable difference between the oxidation in two environments appeared in the oxidation behavior of primary precipitates like Nb rich MC carbide for alloy 625. In the SCW environment, a large number of pitting was observed. Those were thought to be made by electrochemical reactions, while in SHS most of the carbides were oxidized as Nb oxides with some extent of volume expansion. In the case of alloy 617, the pitting formation was also observed in both environments. It seemed to have a dependence on the oxidation behavior of the primary carbides similar to that of alloy 625. The effect of the applied stress was not apparent under current experimental conditions because permanent deformation was observed in all the specimens and stress relaxation subsequently occurred during the test. In addition, no cracks were observed on both alloys after four-point bending tests. In the outer layer of the oxide film formed in the SCW, the Cr content exhibit to have smaller in both alloys, and the oxide thicknesses were 0.53 to 0.88 times thinner than those in the SHS.
Serum cholesterol ester fatty acids in 7‐ and 13‐month‐old children in a prospective randomized trial of a low‐saturated fat, low‐cholesterol diet: the STRIP baby project

To evaluate changes that occur in serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition during the transition from typical infant feeding to a more adult type of nutrition, this study compared the effects on serum cholesterol ester fatty acids of breast milk or formula at the age of 7 mo with effects caused by 6‐mo dietary intervention in 137 children. The intervention [Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project for children (STRIP baby project)] aimed at a reduction of saturated fat intake to 10% of energy after the age of 1 y without purposefully influencing total fat intake. Nutrient intakes were calculated from 3‐d food records. At the age of 7 mo, i.e. before dietary education began, milk type markedly influenced dietary and serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition (mean serum cholesterol ester 16:0 in breastfed vs formula‐fed infants, 13.7% vs 12.0%, respectively, p < 0.001; serum cholesterol ester 18:2n‐6 50.6% vs 57.6%, p < 0.001). At the age of 13 mo the calculated fat intake of the intervention and control children differed markedly but serum cholesterol ester fatty acid compositions in all children resembled closely those measured in 7‐mo‐old breastfed infants, e.g. at the age of 13 mo the relative proportions of 18:2n‐6 were 49.9% and 51.1% in previously formula‐fed intervention and control children, respectively, and 50.3% and 50.1% in previously breastfed intervention and control children, respectively. In conclusion, serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition reflected differences in dietary fat quality (breast milk or formula) at the age of 7 mo, whereas dietary intervention as applied in the STRIP baby project had only a minimal effect. □Cholesterol esters, dietary intervention, fatty acids, infant feeding
Simple motion planning algorithms for ball-plate systems with limited contact area

The paper deals with motion planning for rolling-based systems with limited contact area. To understand the problem we resort to a simplified quasi-static model in which the locomotion object is represented by a mass point. In this formulation, the driving principle is based on controlling the position of the center of mass of the object, exploiting nonholonomic rolling constraint to propel the hemisphere. Two motion planning algorithms are proposed. The algorithms are tested under simulation. The simulation results show the possibility of steering the locomotion system to the desired configurations by moving the center of mass through multiple generalized figure eights on the main hemisphere plane
Hypocretin (Orexin) Receptor Subtypes Differentially Enhance Acetylcholine Release and Activate G Protein Subtypes in Rat Pontine Reticular Formation

The hypothalamic peptides hypocretin-1 (orexin A) and -2 (orexin B) promote wakefulness by mechanisms that are not well understood. Defects in hypocretinergic neurotransmission underlie the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Hypocretins alter cell excitability via two receptor subtypes, hypocretin receptor subtype 1 (hcrt-r1) and hypocretin receptor subtype 2 (hcrt-r2). This study aimed to identify G protein subtypes activated by hypocretin in rat pontine reticular nucleus oral part (PnO) and the hypocretin receptor subtype modulating acetylcholine (ACh) release in the PnO. G protein activation was quantified using in vitro [35S]guanylyl-5′-O-(γ-thio)triphosphate autoradiography. ACh release was measured using in vivo microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Hypocretin-1-stimulated G protein activation was significantly decreased by pertussis toxin, demonstrating that some hypocretin receptors in rat PnO activate inhibitory G proteins. Hypocretin-1-stimulated ACh release was not blocked by pertussis toxin, supporting the conclusion that the hypocretin receptors modulating ACh release in rat PnO activate stimulatory G proteins. Hypocretin-1 and -2 each caused a concentration-dependent increase in ACh release with similar potencies, indicating that hcrt-r2 modulates ACh release in PnO. Hypocretin-1 caused a significantly greater increase in ACh release than hypocretin-2, suggesting a role for hcrt-r1 in the modulation of PnO ACh release. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that hypocretin receptors in rat PnO signal via inhibitory and stimulatory G proteins and that ACh release in rat PnO is modulated by hcrt-r2 and hcrt-r1. One mechanism by which hypocretin promotes arousal may be to increase ACh release in the pontine reticular formation.
Optimal Energy Management and Marginal-Cost Electricity Pricing in Microgrid Network

The evolution of smart microgrid and its demand–response characteristics not only will change the paradigms of the century-old electric grid, but also will shape the electricity market. In this new market scenario, once always energy consumers, now may act as sellers due to the excess of energy generated from newly deployed renewable energy generators. In this paper, we propose an optimization scheme to minimize the electricity price with a framework for optimal trading of energy between sellers and buyers of the microgrid network (MGN). The proposed scheme is capable of solving the optimal power allocation problem for an MGN in a polynomial time without modifying the actual marginal costs of a generator. Initially, we mathematically formulate the problem as nonlinear nonconvex and later decompose the problem to separate the optimal marginal-cost model from the electricity allocation model. Then, we develop a divide-and-conquer method to minimize the electricity price by jointly solving the optimal marginal-cost model and electricity allocation problems. To evaluate the performance of the solution method, we develop and simulate the model with various cost functions and compare it with a first come first serve electricity allocation method and distributed energy trading for multiple microgrids.
Identification of two inherited copy number variants in a male with autism supports two‐hit and compound heterozygosity models of autism

Autism is a childhood‐onset neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetic mechanism underlying its etiology. Recent studies revealed that a few single de novo copy number variants of genomic DNA (copy number variants [CNVs]) are pathogenic and causal in some sporadic cases, adding support to the hypothesis that some sporadic autism might be caused by single rare mutation with large clinical effect. In this study, we report the detection of two novel private CNVs simultaneously in a male patient with autism. These two CNVs include a microduplication of ∼4.5 Mb at chromosome 4q12‐13.1 that was transmitted from his mother and a microdeletion of ∼1.8 Mb at 5q32 that was transmitted from his father. Several genes such as LPHN3, POU4F3, SH3RF2, and TCERG1 mapped to these two regions have psychiatric implications. However, the parents had only mild degree of attention deficit symptoms but did not demonstrate any obvious autistic symptoms or psychopathology. Our findings indicate that each of these two CNVs alone may not be pathogenic enough to cause clinical symptoms in their respective carriers, and hence they can be transmitted within each individual family. However, concomitant presence of these two CNVs might result in the clinical phenotypes of the affected patient reported here. Thus, our report of this family may represent an example to show that two hits of CNV and the presence of compound heterozygosity might be important mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of autism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delft University of Technology Improving weld uniformity in continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites

Continuous ultrasonic welding (CUW) is an innovative high-speed joining method for thermoplastic composites. Currently, thin flat energy directors (EDs) are used to focus the heat generation at the weld line. The resulting fracture surfaces exhibit large areas of intact ED, resulting in a non-uniform weld, and significantly lowering the strength. The goal of this study is to improve the weld uniformity of continuous ultrasonically welded joints. In the first part of this paper we found that a 0.20 mm-thick woven mesh ED significantly improved the weld uniformity and strength in comparison to a 0.08 mm thick flat ED. The second part the paper focuses on understanding why the mesh gives this improved weld uniformity by analyzing the feedback data from the welder and by performing a microscopy analysis of the weld line at different moments during the static welding process. It was found that at the beginning of the welding process the mesh filaments expand within the open areas of the mesh while flattening; the mesh is being pre-formed in between the adherends. This pre-forming most likely created a good uniform intimate contact between the ED and adherends, which most likely resulted in a uniform heat generation and therefore created a uniform weld line. Because energy directing meshes make it possible to create uniform weld lines, they are expected to play an important role in the future for the continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites.
ICN Based Scalable Audio-Video Conferencing on Virtualized Service Edge Router (VSER) Platform

This paper proposes an audio/video conferencing architecture based on the VSER platform. The proposed solution follows a hybrid approach, where consumers are initialized to current producer's media state through a media-dependent notification framework provided by the VSER; whereas the data exchange leverages ICN features, resulting in bandwidth efficiency. The hybrid design provides better scalability and reliability when compared to the ICN based P2P conferencing systems.
Stereotype or grammar? The representation of gender when two-year-old and three-year-old French-speaking toddlers listen to role nouns*

Abstract Using a preferential looking paradigm, the current study examined the role that grammatical gender plays when preschool French-speaking toddlers process role nouns in the masculine form (e.g., chanteurs masculine ‘singers’). While being auditorily prompted with “Look at the ‘a role noun’! ”, two- and three-year-olds were presented with two pictures of two characters (‘boy–boy’ versus ‘girl–boy’) with attributes of the given role noun (e.g., singers with microphone and music notes). All role nouns were presented in the masculine plural form, which, despite its use to refer to mixed-gender groups, can be interpreted as referring to men. We expected toddlers to be biased by stereotypes, yet when non-stereotypical role nouns were presented, toddlers were not influenced by grammatical gender, but by their own sex (even more so for three-year-old toddlers). The absence of sensitivity to grammatical cues for either age group is discussed in terms of the developmental awareness of grammatical gender.
Fault current management using inverter-based distributed generators in smart grids

This paper presents a novel fault current management (FCM) technique for radial distribution systems with embedded inverter-based distributed generators (IB-DGs). At the point of connection to a power system, many distributed generators (DGs) require power electronic (PE) interfaces, which are normally idle during faults. The proposed FCM method employs these PE interfaces for control of the fault current. For this purpose, operation of IB-DGs is modified to FCM mode at the moment of fault and new current references are applied. Of the two controllable parameters of the IB-DG output current - current magnitude and current phase angle - the current phase angle is chosen as the means of controlling the fault current magnitude. The reference current phase angle is calculated based on the relation between the fault current elements and their phase angles. As a result of this novel operation, IB-DGs with larger capacity can be connected at different locations of the system without affecting the fault current magnitude. Also, implementing this technique in smart grids is economically proven, since the asset of power system which have been designed for normal operation are employed to manage the fault current magnitude. Moreover, possibilities of synchronization problems are reduced by keeping IB-DGs connected to the system at all the time. The evaluation of the proposed FCM technique using the standard IEEE 33-bus distribution system demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method for managing the fault current magnitude.
Regional Patterns of Sea Surface Temperature Change: A Source of Uncertainty in Future Projections of Precipitation and Atmospheric Circulation*

AbstractPrecipitation change in response to global warming has profound impacts on environment for life but is highly uncertain. Effects of sea surface temperature (SST) warming on the response of rainfall and atmospheric overturning circulation are investigated using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project simulations. The SST warming is decomposed into a spatially uniform SST increase (SUSI) and deviations from it. The SST pattern effect is found to be important in explaining both the multimodel ensemble mean distribution and intermodel variability of rainfall change over tropical oceans. In the ensemble mean, the annual rainfall change follows a “warmer-get-wetter” pattern, increasing where the SST warming exceeds the tropical mean, and vice versa. Two SST patterns stand out both in the ensemble mean and intermodel variability: an equatorial peak anchoring a local precipitation increase and a meridional dipole mode with increased rainfall and weakened trade winds over the warmer hemisphere. These two mod.
Principal Component Geostatistical Approach for large-dimensional inverse problems

The quasi‐linear geostatistical approach is for weakly nonlinear underdetermined inverse problems, such as Hydraulic Tomography and Electrical Resistivity Tomography. It provides best estimates as well as measures for uncertainty quantification. However, for its textbook implementation, the approach involves iterations, to reach an optimum, and requires the determination of the Jacobian matrix, i.e., the derivative of the observation function with respect to the unknown. Although there are elegant methods for the determination of the Jacobian, the cost is high when the number of unknowns, m, and the number of observations, n, is high. It is also wasteful to compute the Jacobian for points away from the optimum. Irrespective of the issue of computing derivatives, the computational cost of implementing the method is generally of the order of m2n, though there are methods to reduce the computational cost. In this work, we present an implementation that utilizes a matrix free in terms of the Jacobian matrix Gauss‐Newton method and improves the scalability of the geostatistical inverse problem. For each iteration, it is required to perform K runs of the forward problem, where K is not just much smaller than m but can be smaller that n. The computational and storage cost of implementation of the inverse procedure scales roughly linearly with m instead of m2 as in the textbook approach. For problems of very large m, this implementation constitutes a dramatic reduction in computational cost compared to the textbook approach. Results illustrate the validity of the approach and provide insight in the conditions under which this method perform best.
Localization of immunoreactive cholecystokinin precursor to amacrine cells and bipolar cells of the macaque monkey retina

We used antisera that recognized precursors of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin extended at the carboxyl terminus in an immunocytochemical study of the macaque retina. A subpopulation of bipolar cells with long, obliquely oriented dendrites was labeled. Their axons terminated exclusively in the fifth stratum of the inner plexiform layer, where they contacted processes of amacrine and ganglion cells. Based on their morphology, these cells appeared to be the type that contacts short-wavelength cones selectively. Two types of amacrine cells were also labeled, and processes from both types formed dense plexuses in the second and fourth strata of the inner plexiform layer. The majority of their synaptic connections were with other amacrine cells, but they had more contacts with bipolar cell axons and retinal ganglion cell dendrites than any other peptidergic cells in the macaque retina. We studied extracts of macaque retina with gel- filtration chromatography and radioimmunoassays to confirm our immunohistochemical results. We found cholecystokinin octapeptide and other immunoreactive forms that were amidated at their carboxyl termini and were therefore likely to be biologically active. Unlike most other regions of the CNS, however, the retina had relatively low concentrations of amidated forms, and forms with extended carboxyl termini that are presumably their precursors were far more abundant. These findings suggest that the rate of cholecystokinin synthesis in the retina is quite high, as we would expect if the peptide were found in tonically active neurons.
Generating virtual CT from MRI using fully convolutional neural networks with improved structure quality

Estimating virtual CT(vCT) image from MRI data is in crucial need for medical application due to the relatively high dose of radiation exposure in CT scan and redundant workflow of both MR and CT. Among the existing work, the fully convolutional neural network(FCN) shows its superiority in generating vCT of high fidelity which merits further investigation. However, the most widely used evaluation metrics mean absolute error (MAE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) may not be adequate enough to reflect the structure quality of the vCT, while most of the current FCN based approaches focus more on the architectures but have little attention on the loss functions which are closely related to the final evaluation. The objective of this thesis is to apply Structure Similarity(SSIM) as loss function for predicting vCT from MRI based on FCN and see whether the prediction has improvement in terms of structure compared with conventionally used 𝑙 (cid:4796) or 𝑙 (cid:4795) loss. Inspired by the SSIM, the contextual 𝑙 (cid:4796) has been proposed to investigate the impact of introducing context information to the loss function. CT data was non-rigidly registered to MRI for training and evaluation. Patch-based 3D FCN were optimized for different loss functions to predict vCT from MRI data. Specifically for optimizing SSIM, the training data should be normalization to [0, 1] and architecture should be slightly changed by adding the ReLu layer before the output to guarantee the convexity of the SSIM during the training. The evaluation results are carried out with 7-folds cross validation of the 14 patients. MAE, PSNR and SSIM for the whole volume and tissue-wise are evaluted respectively. All optimizations successfully converged well and 𝑐𝑙 (cid:4796) outperformed the other losses in terms of PSNR and MAE but with the worst SSIM, DSSIM works better at preserving the structures and resulting in smooth output.