Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing for “creativity”: MBAs and the transfer of creativity?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of education, in particular, the Master of Business Administration (MBA), on China's continual development and economic growth. This paper concerns itself with the “software” necessary to effect a qualitative transformation – education. MBA education's growth in China is reflective of the significant shortages of managerial expertise, but the MBA's roots in and transfer to China does not necessarily make it an agent of economic transformation and modernisation. This paper suggests that the MBA education's conceptual base and preoccupation, as well as Chinese managerial practices, may render management in China more rational and even, more efficient, but not necessarily more creative.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a critique of MBA education and the critical role played by communities in fostering creativity in building its claims, and presents an overview based on analysis of research materials.Findings – This paper stresses th.
The Analysis of Interfirm Worker Mobility

I use a large sample of jobs from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine job mobility patterns and to evaluate theories of interfirm worker mobility. There are three main findings. First, the monthly hazard of job ending is not monotonically decreasing in tenure as most earlier work using annual data has found, but it increases to a maximum at 3 months and declines thereafter. Second, mobility is strongly positively related to the frequency of job change prior to the start of the job. Finally, job change in the most recent year prior to the start of the job is more strongly related than earlier job change to mobility on the current job.
Capitalism and the End of History

In this article Adair Turner explores the relative economic and social success of different variants of capitalism, and considers how societies best reconcile the objectives of economic dynamism with those of social inclusion and environmental responsibility. He also addresses the wider issue of the relationship between economics, politics and cultureâ€”the issue of whether we are right to assume that any variant of capitalism, or indeed any model of society, is a universal model.
A Highly-Sensitive Picric Acid Chemical Sensor Based on ZnO Nanopeanuts

Herein, we report a facile synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical sensing application of ZnO nanopeanuts synthesized by a simple aqueous solution process and characterized by various techniques in order to confirm the compositional, morphological, structural, crystalline phase, and optical properties of the synthesized material. The detailed characterizations revealed that the synthesized material possesses a peanut-shaped morphology, dense growth, and a wurtzite hexagonal phase along with good crystal and optical properties. Further, to ascertain the useful properties of the synthesized ZnO nanopeanut as an excellent electron mediator, electrochemical sensors were fabricated based on the form of a screen printed electrode (SPE). Electrochemical and current-voltage characteristics were studied for the determination of picric acid sensing characteristics. The electrochemical sensor fabricated based on the SPE technique exhibited a reproducible and reliable sensitivity of ~1.2 μA/mM (9.23 μA·mM−1·cm−2), a lower limit of detection at 7.8 µM, a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.94, and good linearity over the 0.0078 mM to 10.0 mM concentration range. In addition, the sensor response was also tested using simple I-V techniques, wherein a sensitivity of 493.64 μA·mM−1·cm−2, an experimental Limit of detection (LOD) of 0.125 mM, and a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 1.0 mM–5.0 mM were observed for the fabricated picric acid sensor.
Network Forensic on Encrypted Peer-to-Peer VoIP Traffics and the Detection, Blocking, and Prioritization of Skype Traffics

Skype is a popular peer-to-peer (P2P) voice over IP (VoIP) application evolving quickly since its launch in 2003. However, the ability to traverse network address translation (NAT) and bypass firewalls, as well as the induced bandwidth burden due to the super node (SN) mechanism, make Skype considerably a threat to enterprise networks security and availability. Because Skype uses both encryption and overlays, detection and blocking of Skype is non- trivial. Motivated by the work ofBiondi and Desclaux [3], we adopt the view of Skype as a backdoor and we take a forensic approach to analyze it. We share our experience in this paper. With the forensic evidence, we identify a transport layer communication framework for Skype. We further formulate a set of socket-based detection and control policies for Skype traffics. Our detection method is a hybrid between payload and non-payload inspections, with improved accuracy and version sustainability over the traditional payload-only approaches. Our solution is practicable both inside and outside the NAT firewalls. This breakthrough makes the detection, blocking, and prioritization of Skype traffics possible in both the enterprise internal networks and the Internet Services Providers carrier networks.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE IMPORTANCE OF LOCAL FISCAL CONDITIONS IN ANALYZING LOCAL LABOR MARKETS

A new test of the compensating wage differential model is proposed. The logic behind Roback's model showing how differences in nonproduced amenities may be reflected in intercity wage differentials is extended to the case of differences in local fiscal conditions, represented by tax rates and publicly produced services. Results show that differences in local tax rates and services provisions do generate compensating wage differentials across cities. The effects of a particularly large set of taxes and effective services output measures are examined. Joseph Gyourko Joseph Tracy tpartarent of Finance tparthnt of Economics The Wnarton School Yale University Universtiy of Pennsylvama New Haven, CT 06520 Philadelphia, PA 19104
Forecasting Spanish Inflation Using the Maximum Disaggregation Level by Sectors and Geographical Areas

This article evaluates different strategies for forecasting Spanish inflation using information from price series for fifty-seven products and eighteen regions in Spain. We consider vector equilibrium correction (VeqCM) models that include cointegration relationships between Spanish prices and prices in the regions of Valencia, Andalusia, Madrid, Catalonia, and the Basque Country. This approach is consistent with economic intuition and is shown to be of tangible importance after suitable econometric evaluation. It is found that sectoral disaggregate models are useful for forecasting inflation in the five largest Spanish regions. Moreover, aggregate inflation forecasts in Spain can be significantly improved by aggregating projections from different sectors and geographical areas and by considering cointegration relationships between regional and national prices. However, in spite of the existence of long-run relationships between sectoral and national prices, they include deterministic components that are not consistent with the law of one price.
Gender and Sources of Finance in Finnish SMEs: A Contextual View

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of gender on the usage of different funding sources in a sample of Finnish SMEs. The aim is also to embed the results into the country-context, which is characterized by the long history of women's economic activity and bank-based capital markets. The funding patterns of women owned SMEs (WOS) and men owned SMEs (MOS) in the data are different: WOS are more likely to use additional equity investments by current owners as a funding source. They do so at least partly because of their positive attitudes towards this funding source. The results also contradict prior studies, which indicate that MOS have easier access to bank lending. Our results suggest that there are no gender-related differences in the use of bank debt. Also in contrast to prior studies, we find no differences in firm size or profitability between WOS and MOS. The results of our study both confirm and contradict the results of prior research and we suggest that this is due to the context-specific features of the Finnish labor market and the gender system as well as the bank-centered financial markets. Concerning the issues of gender and finance, policy makers and financial experts in any country should not uncritically rely on the research results arrived at in other countries.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF A CONSENSUS CONFERENCE ON LONG-TERM THERAPY FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA

Objective: Our aim was to assess the impact of six recommendations regarding drug prescription on the clinical practices of French psychiatrists. The recommendations were part of the conclusions of a consensus conference entitled “Long-term therapy of schizophrenia” (Paris, January 1994). Methods: The impact of the conference was assessed on the basis of awareness of the existence of the conference, knowledge of its conclusions, and actual changes in clinical practice. We performed: a) a survey of a representative sample of 396 psychiatrists 2 years after the conference; and b) an analysis of changes in drug prescriptions in a cohort of 2,407 patients with schizophrenia under treatment at the time of the conference. Results: Overall, 78% of interviewed psychiatrists were aware of the existence of the conference and 70% of its conclusions. Declared prescription practices conformed with conference conclusions about 60% (10%–95%) of the time. No difference in practices was noted between psychiatrists who were aware of the recommendations and those who were not. Single neuroleptic prescriptions increased in the cohort study in line with the main conference recommendation. The increase was small, but significant from 51.1% to 56.4%, and mainly concerned patients recently put on treatment. Contrary to recommendations, prescriptions of anticholinergics plus neuroleptics inexplicably rose from 48.2% to 54.3%. Conclusion: Small changes in prescription habits occurred in the wake of the consensus conference, but we cannot really ascribe them to a direct impact of the conference. Despite the great pains we took in disseminating the conclusions of the conference as widely as possible, it is clear that a more forceful action plan (e.g., including continuous medical education) is required.
Comparison of radical mastectomy with alternative treatments for primary breast cancer: A first report of results from a prospective randomized clinical trial

In 1971, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) implemented a prospective randomized clinical trial to compare the worth of alternative treatments with radical mastectomy in women with primary operable breast cancer. Information has been obtained from 1,665 patients eligible for follow‐up from 34 NSABP member institutions in Canada and the United States. Results from that trial, at present in its sixth year with patients on study for an average of 36 months, (26 to 62 months), fail to demonstrate an advantage for those who had a radical mastectomy. No significant difference in the treatment failure or survival has as yet been observed in clinically negative node patients who have been randomly managed by conventional radical mastectomy, total mastectomy with postoperative regional radiation or total mastectomy followed by axillary dissection of those patients who subsequently develop positive nodes. Similarly, there presently exists no difference between patients with clinically positive nodes treated by radical mastectomy or by total mastectomy followed by radiation. Of particular interest is the observation that based upon findings from radical mastectomy patients, there may be as many as 40% of patients having a total mastectomy who had histologically positive nodes unremoved, to date only 15% have developed positive nodes requiring an axillary dissection. The persistence of such a difference in incidence would have profound biological significance. The discovery that leaving behind positive axillary nodes has as yet not been influential in enhancing the incidence of distant metastases or the overall proportion of treatment failures and that a disproportionate number of treatment failures in the total mastectomy group occurred in those patients who subsequently required axillary dissection provides reinforcement to the view that positive axillary lymph nodes are not the predecessor of distant tumor spread but are a manifestation of disseminated disease.
Offshoring of white-collar jobs in the United States and gendered outcomes

Purpose - Since the mid-1990s, offshore production has become increasingly important in white-collar, service sector activities in the US economy. This development coincided with a stagnant gender wage gap in the service sector and a slowdown in the narrowing of the overall US gender wage gap over this period. This paper aims to categorize white-collar service sector occupations into two groups based on whether an occupation is at risk of being offshored and to assess the relative contribution of these two groupings, through their employment and wages, to the trends in the gender wage gap within the service sector and the US economy between 1995 and 2005. Design/methodology/approach - Standard occupational decomposition methods are applied to Current Population Survey and Displaced Workers Survey data. Findings - The findings show that in occupations at risk of being offshored, low-wage women's employment declined, leading to an artificial increase in the average wage of the remaining women thereby narrowing the gender wage gap. This improvement in the gender wage gap was offset by the relative growth of high-wage male employment in at-risk occupations and the widening of the gender wage gap within not-at-risk occupations. Originality/value - These findings contribute to the growing literature on the causes of the stagnation of the US gender wage gap in the 1990s.
Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War

Chapter 1: Strategy and Continuity in Contemporary Chinese Foreign Policy Chapter 2: Chinese Leadership Priorities: Implications for Chinese Foreign Relations Chapter 3: Changing Patterns in Decision Making and International Outlook Chapter 4: China's Role in the World Economy and International Governance Chapter 5: Chinese National Security Policies Chapter 6: Relations with the United States Chapter 7: Relations with Taiwan Chapter 8: Relations with Japan and Korea Chapter 9: Relations with Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands Chapter 10: Relations with Southern Asia and Central Asia Chapter 11: Relations with Russia and Europe Chapter 12: Relations with the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America Chapter 13: Prospects Selected Bibliography
Improved Similarity Measures for Small Sets of Spike Trains

Multiple measures have been developed to quantify the similarity between two spike trains. These measures have been used for the quantification of the mismatch between neuron models and experiments as well as for the classification of neuronal responses in neuroprosthetic devices and electrophysiological experiments. Frequently only a few spike trains are available in each class. We derive analytical expressions for the small-sample bias present when comparing estimators of the time-dependent firing intensity. We then exploit analogies between the comparison of firing intensities and previously used spike train metrics and show that improved spike train measures can be successfully used for fitting neuron models to experimental data, for comparisons of spike trains, and classification of spike train data. In classification tasks, the improved similarity measures can increase the recovered information. We demonstrate that when similarity measures are used for fitting mathematical models, all previous methods systematically underestimate the noise. Finally, we show a striking implication of this deterministic bias by reevaluating the results of the single-neuron prediction challenge.
Musculoskeletal Manifestations of HIV Infection in Thailand: An Analysis of 100 Cases

HIV infection is common and a severe problem in Thailand. The clinical features of 100 HIV-infected patients (86 males and 14 females) with musculoskeletal symptoms were studied. Thirty-one patients were known to have HIV infection before developing musculoskeletal symptoms. The musculoskeletal manifestations were undifferentiated (seronegative) arthritis (UA) in 38, bone and joint infections in 30, psoriatic arthritis in 9, AIDS-associated arthritis in 9, Reiter's syndrome in 8, infectious myositis in 3, arthralgia syndrome in 2, and CPPD crystal-associated arthritis in 1 patient. Salmonella spp. , Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus, Penicillium marneffei, were the three most common organisms responsible for bone and joint infections. Mixed bacterial and fungal arthritis was not uncommon and septic arthritis was often polyarticular. Nine of 30 patients with bone and joint infections died.Patients with seronegative arthritis including Reiter's syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, UA, and AIDS-associated arthritis presented with oligoarthritis or polyarthritis involving the lower extremity joints. Enthesopathy was common. These latter arthritides usually responded well to NSAIDs alone. The severe cutaneous lesions of Reiter's syndrome and psoriasis responded well to etretinate. Bone and joint infections were common in clinically full blown AIDS Thai patients and had a poor outcome. The seronegative arthritides were common in otherwise asymptomatic HIV infection and at least in the short term had a favorable outcome.
THE EVOLUTION OF FEDERAL RESERVE CREDIBILITY: 1978-1984

A random coefficients Kalman filter model of the response of commodity prices to weekly M1 announcements indicates a gradual evolution in the credibility of the Federal Reserve as an inflation fighter. The October 1979 announcement of a change in monetary policy aimed at reducing inflation did not result in an immediate increase in credibility, and the October 1982 announcement of a policy reversal did not diminish credibility. Credibility does vary with the underlying rate of inflation, which shows that markets pay attention to policy results not simply policy announcements. Copyright 1989 by MIT Press.
The Effect of Conservatism on Analysts' Annual Earnings Forecast Accuracy and Dispersion

This study examines the effect of the implementation of conservative accounting policies by firms on analysts' annual earnings absolute forecast errors and forecast dispersion. Three aggregate accounting-based conservatism measures were used to estimate the level of conservatism in accounting practice. After controlling for the effects of industry, forecast age, number of analysts following the firm, firm size, earnings stability, and risk, accounting conservatism was found to be associated with higher forecast errors and forecast dispersion. Furthermore, the tests of robustness indicate that the above results are not driven by earnings predictability, the undue influence of outliers, or earnings management.
The epidemiology of sleep apnoea.

We conducted a study of the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in subjects derived from a random sample of the population. A total of 2,202 subjects 35 to 69yr of age were approached. Four hundred forty-one answered a questionnaire concerning their sleep symptoms, general health, and habits such as alcohol consumption, and they were monitored for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The sample was biased in favor of snorers and those with other subjective sleep complaints. Fifty-six percent of the subjects were men. Of the 441 subjects 79 (17.9%) had SDB (more than 15 episodes of apnea or hypopnea per hour: respiratory distress index [RDI] > 15), 289 were snorers but had RDI <15, and 73 were nonsnorers. The prevalence of SDB in this sample was therefore at least 3.6% (79 of Z,204). The minimum prevalence in men was 5.7%, and in women it was 1.2%. Logistic regression identified only male sex as an independent predictor of snoring without SDB (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3-24; 95% Cl, 1-33 to 7.82), body mass index (adjusted OR for an increase of 5 kg/iM2, 0-95; 95% Cl, 0 85 to 1.05), and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR for an increase of 10 g/day, 1 05; 95% Cl, 0*84 to 1.37) were not significant predictors of snoring. The independent predictors of SDB among snorers were age (adjusted OR for an increase of 5yr, 1 26; 95% Cl, 1 08 to 1.47) and neck circumference (adjusted OR for an increase of 2 cm, 1-53; 95% Cl, 1 16 to 2.00). Alcohol consumption was not a factor (adjusted OR for an increase of lOgIday, 0 98; 95% Cl, 086 to 1.12). (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152: 711-6)
Restaurant-selection Preferences of Mature Consumers

The market of mature consumers continues to increase in importance, as this segment of the United States population grows ever larger. The 2000 U.S. Census counted nearly 60 million people 55 years of age or older, comprising 20 percent of the population. Other industrialized countries are experiencing a similar aging of their populations. Responding to this demographic shift requires an understanding of the overall trends taking place and an understanding of the growing diversity within the 55-and-older population. Mature consumers, defined here as adults age 55 and older, are an attractive group for hospitality marketers, since as a group those consumers are comparatively wealthy, controlling three-fourths of all U.S. financial assets and accounting for half of all discretionary spending. Mature consumers control four-fifths of the money invested in U.S. savings-and-
Returns to Scale in U.S. Production: Estimates and Implications

A typical (roughly) two‐digit industry in the United States appears to have constant or slightly decreasing returns to scale. Three puzzles emerge, however. First, estimates often rise at higher levels of aggregation. Second, apparent decreasing returns contradicts evidence of only small economic profits. Third, estimates with value added differ substantially from those with gross output. A representative‐firm paradigm cannot explain these puzzles, but a simple story of aggregation over heterogeneous units can. Theory and evidence on aggregation invalidate the common use of demand‐side instruments. Finally, we discuss implications of heterogencity for macroeconomic modeling: A one‐sector macroeconomic model that ignores heterogeneity may sometimes require firm‐level parameters, but at other times the model may require the “biased” aggregate parameters.