Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL COMPUTER GAMES ON CONTINUING STUDENT MOTIVATION

This study investigated the effects of computer games on motivation to engage in an academic task subsequent to computer instruction. An instructional computer game was compared with a computer program that operated identically but without game features. The programs were designed to develop a vocabulary skill involving matching negation prefixes to root words. Continuing motivation on this academic task was measured in a noncomputer free-choice activity administered 1 day following the computer instruction. The experimental subjects were students identified by the school as learning disabled and placed in resource rooms or self-contained classrooms. The game and nongame programs produced equal gains in task skill. The game condition resulted in significantly higher levels of continuing motivation than the nongame condition.
Hippocampal Mismatch Signals Are Modulated by the Strength of Neural Predictions and Their Similarity to Outcomes

The hippocampus is thought to compare predicted events with current perceptual input, generating a mismatch signal when predictions are violated. However, most prior studies have only inferred when predictions occur without measuring them directly. Moreover, an important but unresolved question is whether hippocampal mismatch signals are modulated by the degree to which predictions differ from outcomes. Here, we conducted a human fMRI study in which subjects repeatedly studied various word–picture pairs, learning to predict particular pictures (outcomes) from the words (cues). After initial learning, a subset of cues was paired with a novel, unexpected outcome, whereas other cues continued to predict the same outcome. Critically, when outcomes changed, the new outcome was either “near” to the predicted outcome (same visual category as the predicted picture) or “far” from the predicted outcome (different visual category). Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we indexed cue-evoked reactivation (prediction) within neocortical areas and related these trial-by-trial measures of prediction strength to univariate hippocampal responses to the outcomes. We found that prediction strength positively modulated hippocampal responses to unexpected outcomes, particularly when unexpected outcomes were close, but not identical, to the prediction. Hippocampal responses to unexpected outcomes were also associated with a tradeoff in performance during a subsequent memory test: relatively faster retrieval of new (updated) associations, but relatively slower retrieval of the original (older) associations. Together, these results indicate that hippocampal mismatch signals reflect a comparison between active predictions and current outcomes and that these signals are most robust when predictions are similar, but not identical, to outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the hippocampus is widely thought to signal “mismatches” between memory-based predictions and outcomes, previous research has not linked hippocampal mismatch signals directly to neural measures of prediction strength. Here, we show that hippocampal mismatch signals increase as a function of the strength of predictions in neocortical regions. This increase in hippocampal mismatch signals was particularly robust when outcomes were similar, but not identical, to predictions. These results indicate that hippocampal mismatch signals are driven by both the active generation of predictions and the similarity between predictions and outcomes.
Sustained effects of high participation in an early intervention for low-birth-weight premature infants.

Effects of high participation in the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP), an 8-site randomized trial that targeted low-birth-weight (LBW) premature infants (N=1,082), were estimated. Children in the treatment group were offered high-quality center-based care in their 2nd and 3rd years of life (full-day care, 50 weeks per year). High-dosage effects were estimated with a new methodology that found a matched comparison group within the follow-up group for those with high participation rates; these estimates were compared with traditional intention-to-treat (ITT) estimates. At age 8, effects on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Full and Verbal scales for children who attended > 400 days ranged from 7 to 10 points. For the heavier LBW infants (2,001-2,500 g), the effects were about 14 points for > 400 days; for the lighter LBW infants (< or = 2,000 g), the effects were about 8 points. These effects were all substantially higher than corresponding ITT effects. Similar but smaller effects were found for children who attended > 350 days.
Spectrum-efficient distributed collaborative beamforming in the presence of local scattering and interference

In this paper, a minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) collaborative beamformer (CB) is considered to achieve a dual-hop communication from a far-field source surrounded by several interfering transmitters to a receiver, through a wireless network comprised of K independent terminals. Whereas the previous works assumed a model of plane wavefronts, here, a local scattering in the source and interferences vicinities is considered, thereby broadening the range of applications in real-world environments. It is shown that the required bandwidth allocation to the MVDR CB implementation linearly increases with K and becomes prohibitive in some applications where the number of terminals is typically large. Aiming to improve the system's spectrum efficiency, a novel distributed collaborative beamformer (DCB) whose implementation does not require any bandwidth allocation and, further, that well-approximates its MVDR CB counterpart is then proposed. The performance of the proposed technique is analyzed and its net advantages against the scattering-free DCB technique, which is designed without taking into account the presence of local scattering in the source and interferences vicinities, are proved.
Improving the Lorentz Force Amplitude of an EMAT Using Stacked Coil Configuration

This research presents a study of a novel method of improving the Lorentz force amplitude of a planer spiral coil EMAT configuration by stacking the coils. A 2D axisymmetric Finite Element Model was developed to study and compare the density of the Lorentz Force (LF) generated at the skin depth by the Stacked Spiral-EMAT (SS-EMAT) configuration on cs70 grades of pipe steel materials. The response of the novel EMAT configuration to variation of parameters such as the static magnetic field, internal diameter, excitation frequency, lift-off, coil stacking, the thickness of the insulation layer and number of cycles per tone burst were also investigated to ascertain the viability of the Stacked Spiral-EMAT. The results obtained showed that there is a significant improvement in the density of Lorentz Force generated by the novel EMAT when stacked. Hence a new EMAT configuration is proposed to enhance the performance of radially polarised bulk wave EMATs. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.
Phenomenology on (the) Rocks

"Phenomenology on (the) Rocks" shows how an interest in the natural realm can be congruent with globalization if we conceive this globality in a vernacular way. Husserl and Merleau-Ponty first developed a tentative conceptual instrumentarium for this direction of thought. Through a broadening of traditional phenomenology as a philosophy of primordial constitution based upon intentionality of the subject, they began thinking in terms of co-constitution and operative intentionality. In the rest of the paper I mainly show how operant intentionality works in and through the way we take up - or are taken up by - that which seems the most indifferent and impervious to us, namely - the world of stones.
Minority College Student Mental Health: Does Majority Status Matter? Implications for College Counseling Services

This study compared mental health among diverse college students to understand whether majority status buffered hypothesized relationships between poor mental health outcomes and minority status. Contrary to expectations, students at the majority-minority college (i.e., the college in which the majority of students were ethnic minorities), regardless of race or ethnicity, reported poorer mental health than their White peers at the predominantly White college. Internalizing symptoms were associated with minority race or ethnicity. These findings may inform the adaptation of college mental health services for diverse student bodies. Este estudio comparo la salud mental de diversos estudiantes universitarios para comprender si el estatus de mayoria amortigua las hipoteticas relaciones entre el estatus de minoria y pobres resultados en salud mental. Contrariamente a lo que se esperaba, los estudiantes en universidades con mayoria minoritaria (es decir, universidades en las que la mayoria de estudiantes pertenece a minorias etnicas) reportaron peor salud mental, sin importar su raza o etnicidad, que sus companeros blancos en universidades predominantemente blancas. Se asociaron sintomas de interiorizacion con raza o etnicidad minoritaria. Estos resultados pueden proporcionar informacion para la adaptacion de los servicios de salud mental en campus para distintos grupos de estudiantes universitarios.
Hubungan Antara Persepsi Terhadap Keadilan Kompensasi dengan Komitmen Organisasi di Hospitality Industry

The increase number of turnover each year in hospitality industry causes by inappropriate commission. The employee’s perception of inappropriate compensation’s issue will decrease a commitment of employee to the organization that will affect to the discharge of organization. This study aiming to see the relationship between perception of compensation’s justice with organizational commitment in hospitality industry. Methodology this study is a quantitative research that used linier regression technique and two stage cluster sampling technique to collect the sampels. The respondents are an employee at 6 hotels, 3 motels, 1 resort, 3 bars, 2 restaurants, 2 hospitals, and 4 travel agents with 189 employees. Acting as the measuring device in this research is 26 valid items on scale of perception of compensation’s justice ranging between 0,385 to 0,743 and the coefficient reliability is 0,945. While in scale of organizational commitment there were 37 valid items with validity items ranging from 0,247 to 0,688 and the coefficient reliability is 0,939. The statistic analysis result showed that there a positive relationship and significant between perception of compensation’s justice with organizational commitment (r = 0,826, p = 0,000). The aspects perception of compensation’s justice were employee’s is a thought, feelings, and behavior about the justice in giving the compensation. The effective contribution to perception of compensation’s justice with organizational commitment is 68, 2 percent. Futher analysis showed that was a very strongly relationship between perception of compensation’s justice with affective commitment component (r=0,802). Keywords : Perception of compensation’s justice, organizational commitment, and hospitality indust
Investing in Administrator Efficacy: An Examination of Professional Development as a Tool for Enhancing Principal Effectiveness

A primary goal of school districts’ investments in professional development for principals is to enhance their effectiveness. This study examines the connection between administrator professional development and performance in a national sample of schools. We show that not all types of administrator professional development participation correlate positively with teachers’ ratings of principal performance. In particular, we find evidence that principals who invest in university course work as professional development are rated lower. In contrast, participation in formal mentoring programs is associated with higher ratings. Employing instrumental variables to account for selection on unobserved factors into different professional development types, we uncover further evidence of a negative impact of university course taking on principal performance.
A continuous tumor‐cell line from a human lung carcinoma with properties of type II alveolar epithelial cells

The A549 tumor‐cell line, initiated from a human alveolar cell carcinoma, has been continuously propagated in vitro for more than 3 years (more than 1,000 cell generations). These cells have a human karyotype and appear to have been derived from a single parent cell. All A549 cells examined by electron microscopy at both early and late passage levels contain multilamellar cytoplasmic inclusion bodies typical of those found in type II alveolar epithelial cells of the lung. At early and late passage levels, the cells synthesize lecithin with a high percentage of disaturated fatty acids utilizing the cytidine diphosphocholine pathway; such a pattern of phospholipid synthesis is expected for cells believed to be responsible for pulmonary surfactant synthesis. The A549 cell line should permit in vitro analysis of human surfactant synthesis and secretion and possibly provide a source of human surfactant for therapeutic intervention in pulmonary disease states characterized by surfactant deficiency.
Slow Recovery of Weight Bearing After Stabilization of Long-Bone Fractures Using Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nails in Children

AbstractStabilization of diaphyseal long-bone fractures using elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESIN) in children promises early mobilization and rapid resumption of full weight bearing.We evaluated the duration of postoperative functional rehabilitation after ESIN, measured by the time from stabilization until first partial weight bearing, full weight bearing, and resumption of school sports.Fifty children with unstable, displaced fractures of the femur or lower leg treated with ESIN between 2002 and 2012 were included in this retrospective analysis. We classified fractures according to the pediatric comprehensive classification of fractures (PCCF). Thirty-five children sustained a femur fracture, and 15 children had a fracture of the lower leg or tibia. The surgeons in charge applied an additional plaster cast in 7 of 15 children who suffered a lower leg fracture. The postoperative time interval until full weight bearing in the group of children who had suffered transverse or short oblique femur fractures was significantly shorter (median: 4.4 weeks; range: 0.1–9.1 weeks) than that in the group who had sustained more complex fracture patterns (median: 6.8 weeks; range: 2.9–13.9 weeks; P = 0.04). Similarly, transverse and short oblique lower leg and tibia fractures required less time until full weight bearing (median: 4.1 weeks; range 2.7–6.0 weeks) than complex lower leg fractures (median: 6.1 weeks; range: 1.3–12.9 weeks; P = 0.04). ESIN proved fairly effective in restoring full weight bearing in transverse or short oblique fractures of the lower extremities but was less effective in complex fractures.
What Makes Women Experience Desire?

What makes women experience sexual desire? According to Kaplan, normal sexual response starts with desire, progresses through excitement or arousal, and ends with orgasm (Kaplan, 1974). This model implies that sexual desire is something you either have or don't have, and, if you don't have it, there may be no sex in your future. This drive model of sexual desire, a biomedical model, assumes that lack of desire represents a deviation from a physiological norm. In contrast, the biopsychosocial model promoted by the New View emphasizes that a woman's sexuality is largely produced by her social context and rejects the idea of desire norms rooted in physiology. The incentive motivation model of sexual desire that we will present here is based on new findings suggesting that the experience of desire may follow rather than precede sexual excitement, and suggests that desire emerges following sexual arousal initiated by a sexually meaningful stimulus.
Developing Convict Criminology Beyond North America

Despite its original vision of a community of ex-convict criminological and criminal justice experts, Convict Criminology (CC) has had difficulty with international expansion and has remained largely a North American movement. There are many reasons why this has occurred. This article reviews the efforts that have been made to internationalize CC in Europe and discusses some of the barriers it has faced. It also suggests prospects for moving the field forward in a truly international manner and the challenges that this entails.
Alternative policy measures for improving citizenship education in Hong Kong

Despite adjustments to Hong Kong’s citizenship education since the 1990s transition period to Chinese sovereignty, survey research and public opinion suggest that citizenship education, as currently practised in Hong Kong, shows considerable continuity with the pre-1997 period and is not achieving intended results in areas such as the development of national identity and active citizenship among students. This article aims to contribute to explanations for such ineffectiveness and to determine whether there are more effective government policy measures which could improve the provision of citizenship education. Specifically, the article explores the question of whether the Hong Kong government should mandate a compulsory, independent subject of citizenship education at the secondary school level. Based on interviews with sixteen education leaders from government bodies, education concern and advocacy groups, teachers’ unions, citizenship education-related teachers’ associations, student associations, political parties, and academia, it addresses more specific questions about the intended outcomes of citizenship education, the role of government in attempting to achieve those outcomes, the strengths and weaknesses of current citizenship education practice, suggested methods for improving upon ineffective practices, and the possibility of (and obstacles to) mandating an independent citizenship education subject. The article concludes that while making citizenship education compulsory would address many concerns about its current ineffectiveness, the independent subject approach would not necessarily help to achieve improved outcomes and would raise other substantial concerns from the education community and society at large.
Polarimetric characteristics of radar echoes from near shore wave fields at low grazing angles

This paper presents the results of polarimetric measurements of the near shore wave fields made in the low grazing angle regime. The variations in the distribution of the polarimetric entropy, anisotropy and mean scattering alpha of the radar echoes are examined in the H-A-/spl alpha/~ space to characterise the dominant scattering mechanisms for two situations; one where the incident wave field is almost monochromatic and the other where a broader spectrum of waves is present.
Theories of Diversity within Organisation Studies: Debates and Future Trajectories

Theories on diversity and diversity management within the field of Organisation Studies started to develop in the 80s, mainly under the influence of managerial reports pointing towards the increasing diversity of the future workforce. The purpose of this paper is to 1) review the existing studies on diversity identifying their main purposes, 2) identify the current debates in the field, and 3) point towards possible future directions. the domain has mainly focused on the consequences of diversity and seems to have neglected theoretical reflections on the notions of ‘diversity,’ ‘difference,’ or the ‘other. ’ This need for theorising has been indicated by well-known scholars in the field (e.g. Cox, 1995; Nkomo, 1995; 2000; Nkomo & Cox, 1996), concerned about the continuation of the diversity domain. Within these current debates, the authors identified mainly four issues: a narrow or broad definition of diversity, a stable or dynamic conception of identity, the role of power, and the importance of the socio-historical context.
Mendelssohn's Last Wish or Case Studies about Aesthetics in Music Education

Aesthetics is commonly considered a complicated field of inquiry, particularly for students. Nevertheless, aesthetic experiences often raise questions about the nature of music which philosophical aesthetics is intended to answer. To bring students in contact with aesthetics depends primarily on the choice of appropriate methods. Case studies exemplify aesthetic theory in a small story. They can engage students in aesthetic inquiry directly related to students' musical world. Case studies also offer further applications to music education in terms of performing, improvising, or giving pre-concert lectures. Music education could use the opportunities which aesthetics offers in order to enhance making music and aesthetic experiences.
Administrative obedience: Carrying out orders to use psychological-administrative violence.

A paradigm named ‘administrative obedience’ was designed to study obedience in carrying out orders to use a kind of violence that is typical for our times, namely psychological-administrative violence resulting in definite harm. In this study, the victim was an applicant for a job, who came to the laboratory to take a test, This Iesi would determine whether or not he would get the job. Subjects were ordered, in the context of a research project, to make the applicant nervous and to disturb him during the test; consequently, the applicant failed the test and remained unemployed. More than 9Oper cent of the subjects carried out these orders, although they considered them unfair and did not enjoy doing the task, The level of administrative obedience found in our study is higher than the level of obedience found in the comparable experiment by Milgram. The experimental conditions ‘Experimenter absent’ and ‘Two peers rebel’ produced a reduction of obedience in our paradigm comparable to that which occurred in Milgram’s paradigm.
Towards Clinical Applications of Anti-endotoxin Antibodies; A Re-appraisal of the Disconnect

Endotoxin is a potent mediator of a broad range of patho-physiological effects in humans. It is present in all Gram negative (GN) bacteria. It would be expected that anti-endotoxin therapies, whether antibody based or not, would have an important adjuvant therapeutic role along with antibiotics and other supportive therapies for GN infections. Indeed there is an extensive literature relating to both pre-clinical and clinical studies of anti-endotoxin antibodies. However, the extent of disconnect between the generally successful pre-clinical studies versus the failures of the numerous large clinical trials of antibody based and other anti-endotoxin therapies is under-appreciated and unexplained. Seeking a reconciliation of this disconnect is not an abstract academic question as clinical trials of interventions to reduce levels of endotoxemia levels are ongoing. The aim of this review is to examine new insights into the complex relationship between endotoxemia and sepsis in an attempt to bridge this disconnect. Several new factors to consider in this reappraisal include the frequency and types of GN bacteremia and the underlying mortality risk in the various study populations. For a range of reasons, endotoxemia can no longer be considered as a single entity. There are old clinical trials which warrant a re-appraisal in light of these recent advances in the understanding of the structure-function relationship of endotoxin. Fundamentally however, the disconnect not only remains, it has enlarged.