Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Local Search Approach to K-Clustering

Data clustering is o ne of the common techniques used in data mining. A popular performance function for measuring goodness of the K-clustering is the total within-cluster variance, or the total mean-square quantization error (MSE). The K-Means (KM) algorithm is a popular algorithm which attempts to find a K -clustering which minimizes MSE. In this paper, we approach the min-MSE clustering problem by way of a Local Search (LS) algorithm, and analytically derive a clustering algorithm which we call LKM. A number of analyses of LKM are given; in particular, we prove that the set of local optima that can trap KM is a superset of those that can trap LKM. The experimental results also show that LKM converges faster and better than KM. More importantly, LKM naturally extends to an aggregated version, called A-LKM, which can be applied to the problem of clustering large data sets. A-LKM is a clustering algorithm which clusters subsets of data points, or subclusters, instead of individual data points. It can be used to cluster, for example, a large data set that has been aggregated through an algorithm such as the Phase 1 of the BIRCH algorithm ([ZRL96]), with the intention of fitting the aggregated data into the main memory to enable main memorybased clustering. We prove that A-LKM, as applied to the problem of clustering subclusters, preserve the monotone convergence property. Experimental results also show that ALKM performs better than A-KM, in clustering aggregated data.
Molecular Markers of Neuronal Progenitors in the Embryonic Cerebellar Anlage

The cerebellum, like the cerebrum, includes a nuclear structure and an overlying cortical structure. Experiments in the past decade have expanded knowledge beyond the traditional function of the cerebellum to include critical roles in motor learning and memory and sensory discrimination. The initial steps in cerebellar development depend on inductive signaling involving FGF and Wnt proteins produced at the mesencephalic/metencephalic boundary. To address the issue of how individual cerebellar cell fates within the cerebellar territory are specified, we examined the expression of transcription factors, including mammalian homologues of LIM homeodomain-containing proteins, basic helix-loop-helix proteins, and three amino acid loop-containing proteins. The results of these studies show that combinatorial codes of transcription factors define precursors of the cerebellar nuclei, and both Purkinje cells and granule neurons of the cerebellar cortex. Examination of gene expression patterns in several hundred lines of Egfp-BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) transgenic mice in the GENSAT Project revealed numerous genes with restricted expression in cerebellar progenitor populations, including genes specific for cerebellar nuclear precursors and Purkinje cell precursors. In addition, we identified patterns of gene expression that link granule and Purkinje cells to their precerebellar nuclei. These results identify molecular pathways that offer new insights on the development of the nuclear and cortical structures of the cerebellum, as well as components of the cerebellar circuitry.
EXTREMAL RICHNESS OF MULTIPLIER AND CORONA ALGEBRAS OF SIMPLE C -ALGEBRAS WITH REAL RANK ZERO

In this paper we investigate the extremal richness of the multi- plier algebra M(A) and the corona algebra M(A)/A, for a simple C -algebra A with real rank zero and stable rank one. We show that the space of ex- tremal quasitraces and the scale of A contain enough information to deter- mine whether M(A)/A is extremally rich. In detail, if the scale is finite, then M(A)/A is extremally rich. In important cases, and if the scale is not finite, extremal richness is characterized by a restrictive condition: the existence of only one infinite extremal quasitrace which is isolated in a convex sense.
Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Human Cervical Carcinoma

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), represented by superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, have been implicated in many diseases including cancer. ROS have been known to play an important role in the initiation and promotion of multistep carcinogenesis. The cellular antioxidants play a crucial role in protection against neoplastic disease. However, very little is known about the antioxidant defense in cervical carcinoma. This is addressed in the present study. Lipid peroxides, glutathione content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, together with vitamin C and E content, were estimated in patients who had carcinoma of the cervix, and the values were compared with those of normal women. The results showed a remarkable reduction in the content of glutathione, vitamin E and C. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also reduced in cervical cancer compared to normal controls (P < 0.001). This reduction was more marked in late stages (III, IV) than in early stages (I, II) (P < 0.001). Glutathione was reduced more in poorly differentiated tumors (grade III) than in well and moderately differentiated ones (grade I, II) (P < 0.05). Levels of lipid peroxides were found to be significantly higher in malignant than in normal tissue samples and their levels were correlated with advanced clinical stage (P < 0.001). Our results suggest impaired antioxidant status in carcinoma of the cervix. This impairment is related to tumor progression.
What Can Cosmic Microwave Background Observations Already Say about Cosmological Parameters in Open and Critical-Density Cold Dark Matter Models?

We use a combination of the most recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) flat-band power measurements to place constraints on Hubble's constant h and the total density of the universe Ω0 in the context of inflation-based cold dark matter (CDM) models with no cosmological constant. We use χ2 minimization to explore the four-dimensional parameter space having as free parameters, h, Ω0, the power-spectrum slope n, and the power-spectrum normalization at ℓ = 10. Conditioning on Ω0 = 1, we obtain h = 0.33 ± 0.08. Allowing Ω0 to be a free parameter reduces the ability of the CMB data to constrain h, and we obtain 0.26 < h < 0.97 with a best-fit value at h = 0.40. We obtain Ω0 = 0.85 and set a lower limit Ω0 > 0.53. A strong correlation between acceptable h and Ω0 values leads to a new constraint Ω0h1/2 = 0.55 ± 0.10. We quote Δχ2 = 1 contours as error bars; however, because of nonlinearities of the models, these may be only crude approximations to 1 σ confidence limits. A favored open model with Ω0 = 0.3 and h = 0.70 is more than ~4 σ from the CMB data best-fit model and is rejected by goodness-of-fit statistics at the 99% confidence level. High baryonic models (Ωbh2 ~ 0.026) yield the best CMB χ2 fits and are more consistent with other cosmological constraints. The best-fit model has n = 0.91+ 0.29−0.09 and Q10 = 18.0+ 1.2−1.5 μK. Conditioning on n = 1, we obtain h = 0.55+ 0.13−0.19, Ω0 = 0.70 with a lower limit Ω0 > 0.58, and Q10 = 18.0+ 1.4−1.5 μK. The amplitude and position of the dominant peak in the best-fit power spectrum are Apeak = 76+ 3−7 μK and ℓpeak = 260+ 30−20. Unlike the Ω0 = 1 case we considered previously, CMB h results are now consistent with the higher values favored by local measurements of h but only if 0.55 ≲ Ω0 ≲ 0.85. Using an approximate joint likelihood to combine our CMB constraint on Ω0h1/2 with other cosmological constraints, we obtain h = 0.58 ± 0.11 and Ω0 = 0.65+ 0.16−0.15.
Global Eikonal Condition for Lorentzian Distance Function in Noncommutative Geometry

Connes' noncommutative Riemannian distance formula is constructed in two steps, the first one being the construction of a path-independent geometrical functional using a global constraint on continuous functions. This paper generalizes this first step to Lorentzian geometry. We show that, in a globally hyperbolic spacetime, a single global timelike eikonal condition is sufficient to construct a path-independent Lorentzian distance function.
Play It Again, Sam! An Analysis of Constructive Replication in the Organizational Sciences

Replication is an essential part of any science, confirming or adjusting our understanding of the world through repeated exploration of a phenomenon of interest. While there has been an increased interest in the role of replication studies, there also exists skepticism regarding the need for more replication. Our empirical analysis of 406 recent studies that use the term “replication” suggests that this criticism stems from a lack of appreciation of the different forms that replication can take, the prevalence (or lack thereof) of many of these forms, and the objectives that are met by one of the least common forms, constructive replication. As such, the purposes of our paper are (1) to explore the different forms that constructive replication can take and the objectives at which each can be directed, (2) to distinguish these forms from other forms of replication with which they are often confused, (3) to determine how common each form of replication is in our field, and (4) to provide concrete examples of different forms of constructiveness from published studies in order to pave the way towards more (and more useful) replications in the future.
Self-Reflection and the Inner Voice: Activation of the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus During Perceptual and Conceptual Self-Referential Thinking

Inner speech involvement in self-reflection was examined by reviewing 130 studies assessing brain activation during self-referential processing in key self-domains: agency, self-recognition, emotions, personality traits, autobiographical memory, and miscellaneous (e.g., prospection, judgments). The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) has been shown to be reliably recruited during inner speech production. The percentage of studies reporting LIFG activity for each self-dimension was calculated. Fifty five percent of all studies reviewed indicated LIFG (and presumably inner speech) activity during self-reflection tasks; on average LIFG activation is observed 16% of the time during completion of non-self tasks (e.g., attention, perception). The highest LIFG activation rate was observed during retrieval of autobiographical information. The LIFG was significantly more recruited during conceptual tasks (e.g., prospection, traits) than during perceptual tasks (agency and self-recognition). This constitutes additional evidence supporting the idea of a participation of inner speech in self-related thinking.
Cardamonin, a Novel Antagonist of hTRPA1 Cation Channel, Reveals Therapeutic Mechanism of Pathological Pain

The increasing demand for safe and effective treatments of chronic pain has promoted the investigation of novel analgesic drugs. Some herbals have been known to be able to relieve pain, while the chemical basis and target involved in this process remained to be clarified. The current study aimed to find anti-nociceptive candidates targeting transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a receptor that implicates in hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation. In the current study, 156 chemicals were tested for blocking HEK293/TRPA1 ion channel by calcium-influx assay. Docking study was conducted to predict the binding modes of hit compound with TRPA1 using Discovery Studio. Cytotoxicity in HEK293 was conducted by Cell Titer-Glo assay. Additionally, cardiotoxicity was assessed via xCELLigence RTCA system. We uncovered that cardamonin selectively blocked TRPA1 activation while did not interact with TRPV1 nor TRPV4 channel. A concentration-dependent inhibitory effect was observed with IC50 of 454 nM. Docking analysis of cardamonin demonstrated a compatible interaction with A-967079-binding site of TRPA1. Meanwhile, cardamonin did not significantly reduce HEK293 cell viability, nor did it impair cardiomyocyte constriction. Our data suggest that cardamonin is a selective TRPA1 antagonist, providing novel insight into the target of its anti-nociceptive activity.
Meetings with Costly Participation

We study a collective decision-making process in which people interested in an issue may participate, at a cost, in a meeting, and the resulting decision is a compromise among the participants' preferences. We show that the equilibrium number of participants is small and their positions are extreme, and when the compromise is the median, the outcome is likely to be random. The model and its equilibria are consistent with evidence on the procedures and outcomes of U.S. regulatory hearings.
200-Mpc-sized structure in the 2dF QSO Redshift survey

The completed 2dF QSO Redshift (2QZ) survey has been used to search for extreme large-scale cosmological structure (∼200 h -1 Mpc) over the redshift range 0 100 h -1 Mpc are in the linear or only weakly non-linear regime and do not represent collapsed non-linear structures. We compare the measurements with the expectation of the A-cold dark matter (ACDM) model by measuring the variance of counts in cells and we find that, provided the distribution of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) on large scales exhibits a mild bias with respect to the distribution of dark matter, the observed fluctuations are found to be in good agreement with the model. There is no evidence on such scales for any extreme structures that might require, for example, departures from the assumption of Gaussian initial perturbations. Thus, the power spectrum derived from the 2QZ survey appears to provide a complete description of the distribution of QSOs. The amount of bias and its redshift dependence that is required is consistent with that found from studying the clustering of 2QZ QSOs on ∼10 h -1 Mpc scales, and may be adequately described by an approximately redshift-invariant power spectrum with normalization σ 8 ≃ 1.0 corresponding to a bias at z = 0 of b ≃ 1.1 rising to b ≃ 2 at the survey's mean redshift z ≃ 1.5.
Object Recognition with Hidden Attributes

Attribute based object recognition performs object recognition using the semantic properties of the object. Unlike the existing approaches that treat attributes as a middle level representation and require to estimate the attributes during testing, we propose to incorporate the hidden attributes, which are the attributes used only during training to improve model learning and are not needed during testing. To achieve this goal, we develop two different approaches to incorporate hidden attributes. The first approach utilizes hidden attributes as additional information to improve the object classification model. The second approach further exploits the semantic relationships between the objects and the hidden attributes. Experiments on benchmark data sets demonstrate that both approaches can effectively improve the learning of the object classifiers over the baseline models that do not use attributes, and their combination reaches the best performance. Experiments also show that the proposed approaches outperform both state of the art methods that use attributes as middle level representation and the approaches that learn the classifiers with hidden information.
A new paradigm: Strategies for succession planning in higher education

Today‟s successful businesses and organizations realize the importance of strong leadership to maintain, grow and sustain long-term business productivity and viability. In a time when the skilled workforce continues to shrink and the competition for top talent increases, many businesses have developed sophisticated succession management practices to ensure their organizations will be well positioned to compete in the future. Like private businesses, institutions of higher education will face similar challenges as those who have led for decades leave their institutions. As such, the academy must also formulate strategies for attracting, developing and retaining a leadership pool that will ensure the institution‟s long-term health. Leadership development is not new to academics and many institutions have supported these programs for years. Few, however, have adopted formal succession planning strategies that are both strategic and deliberate and encompass the full spectrum of succession planning activities. Furthermore, the culture and governance structure present in institutions of higher education is often quite different than that of private businesses. The presence of shared governance and collegial cultures requires academic institutions to think differently about succession planning. This grounded-theory study looked at the succession planning efforts of 6 educational institutions representing the spectrum of 2-year community and technical colleges, 4-year public research universities, and 4-year private universities. The researcher shares current institutional approaches to succession planning and examines how organizational culture and governance in higher education may have impacted deliberate or formal succession planning efforts. Several findings are revealed to include (a) acknowledgement that while leadership development activities were prevalent, few institutions had formal succession plans, and (b) examples of how academic governance and culture may have influenced institutional approaches to succession planning. The author concludes by recommending several strategies for implementing deliberate and systemic succession plans in the academic environment. These include (a) securing executive champions, (b) aligning the succession plan to institutional culture, mission, vision and goals, (c) taking an approach not unlike strategic planning, (d) carefully constructing communication plans to embrace talent development without inferring entitlement, and (e) a continuous evaluation of both the people and processes involved in succession planning.
AN ELECTRONIC LENS ON DIGITAL TOURIST CITY-MAPS

Tourist maps representing historic cities and their historic centres as well as sites with relevant interest are indeed popular among the wide public. Maps of this type are conventional obeying to the well-known traditional rules based on theoretical and practical experience. The same hold also for the tourist maps products of new electronic technologies. In this paper it is presented the possibility of coupling non-conventional map representations of historical cities' centres -as the maps of varying scale arewith their conventional counterparts, in the context of a two-window electronic imaging system of simultaneous navigation with urban tourist interest.
Resveratrol Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy Is Associated with the Suppression of Renal Inflammation and Mesangial Cell Proliferation: Possible Roles of Akt/NF-κB Pathway

The present study was to investigate the protection of resveratrol (RSV) in diabetes associated with kidney inflammation and cell proliferation. Rat mesangial cell and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mouse model were used. In vitro, RSV attenuated high glucose-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) expression and mesangial cell proliferation, as well as Akt and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. The similar results were recaptured in the experiment with Akt inhibitors. In vivo, mice were divided into three groups: control group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, and RSV-treated DM group. Compared with control group, the kidney weight to body weight ratio and albumin to creatinine ratio were increased in DM group, but not in RSV-treated DM group. Furthermore, the increased expression of PAI-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in diabetic renal cortex were also reduced by RSV administration. Besides, the kidney p-Akt/Akt ratio and NF-κB were significantly increased in DM group; however, these changes were reversed in RSV-treated DM group. Additionally, immunohistochemistry results indicated that RSV treatment reduced the density of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells significantly in glomeruli of diabetic mice. These results suggest that RSV prevents diabetes-induced renal inflammation and mesangial cell proliferation possibly through Akt/NF-κB pathway inhibition.
Razvojne strategije hrvatskih poduzeća za ulazak na tržišta jugoistočne Europe

Rheological properties are important quality parameters of mayonnaise. This study examined the eff ect of the addition of extra virgin olive oil and fresh lemon juice on the rheological properties and the change in color of mayonnaise. The eff ect of refrigerated storage time of mayonnaise on its rheological properties was also examined. The mechanical process of homogenization of mayonnaise was carried out at 12 000 r/min. for 5 minutes at room temperature. Mayonnaise samples contained 75% oil with diff erent proportions of sunfl ower oil and extra virgin olive oil. Rheological tests were carried out in a controlled rotational viscometer (DVIII + Digital Rheometer Brookfi eld Engineering Laboratories, USA) with concentric spindles, at temperatures of 10°C and 25°C. The obtained data were used to calculate the following rheological parameters: consistency coeffi cient, fl ow behavior index and apparent viscosity. The results of the research show that the addition of extra virgin olive oil and lemon juice aff ects the rheological properties and the color of mayonnaise. The addition of extra virgin olive oil into the oil phase of mayonnaise reduces shear stress, apparent viscosity, consistency coeffi cient and color change at 25°C and 10°C. Refrigeration of mayonnaise for 14 days leads to changes in rheological parameters.
Downscaling Spatial Rainfall Field from Global Scale to Local Scale Using Improved Multiplicative Random Cascade Method

Synopsis Non-homogenous multiplicative random cascade method downscales spatial rainfall field from a coarse scale into a finer one. Currently, this kind of downscaling is less reliable even though it correctly produces a long term average spatial pattern. It fails reproducing the patterns in repeated trials; and there is a higher chance of magnitude fluctuation. These drawbacks are needed to overcome. In this study, a new method, named as random cascade Hierarchical and Statistical Adjustment (HSA) method, is introduced and tested to downscale 1.25 degree GAME Re-analysis data into 10-minute spatial resolution. The obtained results are highly improved, quite robust and reliable than the previous method.
Dermatomyositis and Paclitaxel-Induced Cutaneous Drug Eruption Associated with Metastatic Breast Cancer

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic autoimmune connective disease characterized by muscles and skin inflammation of and a well-recognized association with several human malignancies, especially breast cancer. Paclitaxel is a taxane antineoplastic agent with therapeutic effects against a wide range of cancers including breast cancer. This drug is well known for neurotoxicity and hypersensitivity reactions. However, cutaneous drug eruptions, especially those of grade III or higher, are not frequent. Here, we describe the case of a 55-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer who developed paraneoplastic DM and a paclitaxel-induced exanthematous drug eruption. This case report emphasizes the importance of evaluating internal malignancies, such as advanced breast cancer, in newly developed DM patients. In addition, it presents a rare case of paclitaxel-induced exanthematous drug eruption. The purpose of this case report highlights the immunological pathogenic mechanism of DM and drug eruption in underlying advanced breast cancer.
Out of the Classroom: A Chilly Campus Climate for Women?.

EVALUATION, DEVALUATION AND THE OUT·OF·CLASS CLIMATE . 3 Everyday Inequities In the Campus Environment . 4 General Behaviors That Single Out Women . 4 General Behaviors That Overlook Women . 4 Men's and Women's Communication Patterns: Mixed Signals . 5 The Effects of a Chilly Campus Climate . 5