PROFIL BERPIKIR SISWA SMP DALAM PROBLEM POSING BERDASARKAN GAYA KOGNITIF FIELD DEPENDENT-FIELD INDEPENDENT

Abstrak Problem posing menempati posisi yang strategis dalam pembelajaran matematika, problem posing dikatakan sebagai inti terpenting dalam disiplin matematika karena dapat membantu siswa untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam memecahkan masalah. Problem posing yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah problem posing tipe post solution posing, dimana siswa mengajukan masalah setelah memecahkan suatu masalah. Salah satu yang harus diperhatikan pada siswa dalam mengajukan masalah adalah proses berpikir, karena setiap siswa memiliki cara yang berbeda-beda dalam menerima informasi, mengolah informasi, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hal ini disebabkan adanya gaya kognitif pada siswa. Gaya kognitif yang memiliki hubungan dengan cara berpikir siswa dalam mengajukan masalah adalah gaya kognitif field dependent-field independent. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yag dilaksanakan di kelas VIII-A SMP Negeri 4 Surabaya tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Berdasarkan hasil GEFT, siswa dikelompokkan gaya kognitifnya. Dari 38 siswa, 7 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan memiliki gaya kognitif field dependent, serta 8 siswa laki-laki dan 10 siswa perempuan memiliki gaya kognitif field independent. Setelah dikelompokkan siswa diberikan tes pengajuan masalah, selanjutnya dikelompokkan bedasarkan kriteria. Bedasarkan hasil kedua tes tersebut terpilih 8 siswa sebagai subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa subjek gaya kognitif field dependent, pada tahap menerima informasi, subjek membaca lebih dari satu kali untuk dapat memahami informasi yang diberikan. Dalam menjelaskan informasi yang dipahami, subjek memerlukan petunjuk tambahan untuk menjelaskan. Pada tahap mengolah informasi, subjek mengaitkan materi yang dipahami sebelumnya dengan informasi yang diberikan saat mengajukan masalah. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah, subjek mencoba menghitung setiap kemungkinan yang ada. Saat mengajukan masalah, subjek langsung membuat soal dengan membuat topik dulu kemudian mempersiapkan hal yang diperlukan untuk membuat soal. Ide untuk membuat soal, subjek mendapatkannya dengan melihat masalah yang telah diselesaikan. Pada tahap menarik kesimpulan, subjek mengajukan masalah berdasarkan informasi yang diterima di awal. Subjek memeriksa kembali soal yang dibuat beserta jawabannya. Sedangkan subjek gaya kognitif field independent, pada tahap menerima informasi, subjek membaca lebih dari satu kali untuk dapat memahami informasi. Subjek menjelaskan informasi yang dipahami berdasarkan pendapatnya sendiri. Pada tahap mengolah informasi, subjek mengaitkan materi yang dipahami sebelumnya dengan informasi. Pada saat menyelesaikan masalah, subjek menggunakan cara memilih kemungkinan yang mendekati pada jawaban benar untuk dihitung. Dalam mengajukan masalah, subjek mempersiapkan beberapa hal terlebih dahulu kemudian menentukan topik soal. Ide yang didapatkan untuk membuat soal berasal dari dirinya sendiri. Pada tahap menarik kesimpulan, subjek mengajukan masalah berdasarkan informasi yang diterima di awal. Subjek memeriksa kembali soal yang dibuat beserta jawabannya. Kata Kunci:Problem posing, Problem posing tipe post-solution, Berpikir, Gaya kognitif field dependent-field independent. Abstract Problem posing occupies a strategic position in mathematics, problem posing is the most important details in the disciplines of mathematics and mathematical reasoning in the nature of thinking because it can help students to improve their ability to solve problems. Type of problem posing were used in this study is post solution posing, where students pose a problem after solve a problem. One of the important things that must be attended in posing the problems is thinkinh process, because every student has a different way to receive information, process information, and make conclusions. It’s because of students' cognitive styles. Cognitive style that has a relationship with the students’ thinking in pose problems is the field dependent-field independent cognitive styles. This research is descriptive research with qualitative approach was carried out of VIII-A of SMPN 4 Surabaya year 2015/2016. Based on the result of GEFT, students are grouped based on their cognitive style. For 38 students, seven male students and thirteen female students have a field dependent cognitive style, while eight male students and ten female students have a field independent cognitive style. After they are grouped, students are given problem posing test, then regrouped based on category. Based on the results of the two tests was selected 8 students as research subjects. The results showed that the subjects who had a field dependent cognitive style, at the stage of receiving the information, the subject received information by reading more than once to be able to understand the information provided. In explaining the information that is understandable, subjects require additional instructions to be able to describe the information that is understood. Atprocessing information stage, the subjects connect previously topic that is understood with the information provided when posing the problem. Subjects are able toexplain things those are remembered from the topic. In solving the problem, subjects use method by trying to calculate every possibility that exists. When posing the problems, subjects pose the problem by create the topic first and then prepare the necessary things to pose the problem. The idea to pose the problem, subjects get by see the questions that have been resolved at the earliest. At the make conclusion stage the subjects pose a problem based on the information received at the beginning. The subject also re-examine the problem that is posed and the answers. While the subjects which have the cognitive style of field independence, at the stage of receiving the information, the subjects received information by reading more than once to be able to understand the information provided. Subjects are able to explain the commands on the problem posing test, those are solve and pose the problems. Besides, subjects are able to describe the information that is understood by their opinion, without any difficulties when explaining. At the stage of processing information, the subjects connect previously topic that is understood with the information provided when posing the problem. Subjects are able toexplain things those are remembered from the topic. When solve the problem, the subjects use the method of choosing possibility that is approaching the correct answer to be counted, then analyze each of those possibilities. In posing the problem, subjects prepare a few things first, such as create the answers and determine the unit value of the things, and then determine the topic of problem. The idea for pose the problem is from himself. At the stage of concluding the subjects pose a problem based on the information received at the beginning. Subjects re-examine the problem which is posed and the answer. Keywords: Problem posing, Problem posing type post solution, thinking, field dependent-field independent cognitive styles