Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specification of hypothalamic neurons by dual regulation of the homeodomain protein Orthopedia

In the developing hypothalamus, a variety of neurons are generated adjacent to each other in a highly coordinated, but poorly understood process. A critical question that remains unanswered is how coordinated development of multiple neuronal types is achieved in this relatively narrow anatomical region. We focus on dopaminergic (DA) and oxytocinergic (OT) neurons as a paradigm for development of two prominent hypothalamic cell types. We report that the development of DA and OT-like neurons in the zebrafish is orchestrated by two novel pathways that regulate the expression of the homeodomain-containing protein Orthopedia (Otp), a key determinant of hypothalamic neural differentiation. Genetic analysis showed that the G-protein-coupled receptor PAC1 and the zinc finger-containing transcription factor Fezl act upstream to Otp. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that Fezl and PAC1 regulate Otp at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels, respectively. Our data reveal a new genetic network controlling the specification of hypothalamic neurons in vertebrates, and places Otp as a critical determinant underlying Fezl- and PAC1-mediated differentiation.
Giving or taking: the role of dispositional power motivation and positive affect in profit maximization

Socio-economic decisions are commonly explained by rational cost versus benefit considerations, whereas person variables have not much been considered. The present study aimed at investigating the degree to which dispositional power motivation and affective states predict socio-economic decisions. The power motive was assessed both indirectly and directly using a TAT-like picture test and a power motive self-report, respectively. After 9 months, 62 students completed an affect rating and performed on a money allocation task (social values questionnaire). We hypothesized and confirmed that dispositional power should be associated with a tendency to maximize one’s profit but to care less about another party’s profit. Additionally, positive affect showed effects in the same direction. The results are discussed with respect to a motivational approach explaining socio-economic behaviour.
Frequent mutations in SH2D1A (XLP) in males presenting with high‐grade mature B‐cell neoplasms

X‐linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) is caused by mutations in SH2D1A, and is associated with overwhelming infectious mononucleosis, aplastic anemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and B‐cell lymphomas. However, the frequency of SH2D1A mutations in males who present with B NHL is unknown. Five cases of XLP were diagnosed among 158 males presenting with B NHL (approximately 3.2%). Four of the patients had two episodes of B NHL and one had a single episode of B NHL followed by aggressive infectious mononucleosis. Prospective screening for XLP in males with B‐cell lymphoma at the time of initial diagnosis should be considered. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;160:E85–E87. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Promotion of plant growth and NO3 ‐ and Rb+ uptake in Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense‐Cd

Abstract Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense‐Cd stimulated significantly the uptake of NO3 ‐ from the nutrient solution and uptake and accumulation of Rb+ in 5‐to 20‐day‐old Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense grown in hydroponics or sand. This increase in ion uptake by plants inoculated with Azospirillum was apparently due to a general increase in the root and shoot dry weight, but not due to a specific increase in ion uptake.
Implicit methods for probabilistic modeling of Gene Regulatory Networks

In silico modeling of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRN) has recently aroused a lot of interest in the biological community for modeling and understanding complex pathways. Boolean Networks (BN) are a common modeling tool for in silico dynamic analysis of such pathways. Although they are known to have effectively modeled many real and complex regulatory networks, they are deterministic in nature and have shortcomings in modeling non-determinism that is inherent in biological systems. Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBN) have been proposed to counter these shortcomings. The capabilities of PBNs have been so far under-utilised because of the lack of an efficient PBN toolbox. This work addresses some issues associated with traditional methods of PBN representation and proposes efficient algorithms to model gene regulatory networks using PBNs.
Airborne observations of spatial and temporal variability of tropospheric carbon dioxide

Fast response (5-s resolution) CO2 measurements were recorded on two recent NASA-sponsored airborne atmospheric chemical survey missions: the summer/fall 1991 Pacific Exploratory Mission-West A (PEM-West A) and the winter 1992 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II). Both missions were conducted aboard the NASA Ames Research Center DC-8 aircraft and included sampling between the surface and 12-km altitudes over a wide range of latitudes and longitudes. In the following text, these data, along with simultaneous surface measurements from the NOAA flask sampling network, are examined to establish the vertical distribution and variability of CO2 as a function of location and season. Results indicate that middle to upper tropospheric (>5 km altitude) CO2 concentrations often differ considerably (>5 parts per million by volume in some cases) from values recorded at surface stations within the same geographic region. These differences are particularly notable at middle to high northern latitudes where midtropospheric concentration changes and seasonal cycles are generally delayed in time and highly damped in amplitude relative to surface observations.
Late quaternary chronology of the Taitao Peninsula, southern Chile

Six new radiocarbon ages and a pollen sequence are provided for Laguna Stibnite, a small lake on the Taitao Peninsula, Chile (latitude 46°25'S, longitude 74°24'W). The sediments record a late-glacial to present sequence, with a basal age of 14 335 ± 145 yr BP (Q-2840). The radiocarbon ages provide the basis for a sound chronology in a region of Chile where few palynological studies have been made and where previous radiocarbon ages are ambiguous. The chronology from Laguna Stibnite supports the acceptance of a radiocarbon chronology based on wood fragments (rather than bulk analysis) at a site near Puerto Eden further south in the Chilean Channels (49°08'S). These data from Laguna Stibnite provide evidence for an early deglaciation (before 14 000 yr BP) in this region of southern Chile. The sequence provides no evidence for a climatic reversal between 11 000 yr BP and 10 000 yr BP, the so-called Younger Dryas chron.
Geosocial query with user-controlled privacy

Geosocial applications collect (and record) users' precise location data to perform proximity computations, such as notifying a user or triggering a service when a friend is within geographic proximity. With the growing popularity of mobile devices that have sophisticated localization capability it becomes more convenient and tempting to share location data. But the precise location data in plaintext not only exposes user's whereabouts but also mobility patterns that are sensitive and cannot be changed easily. This paper proposes cryptographic protocols on top of spatial cloaking to reduce the resolution of location and balance between data utility and privacy. Specifically we interest in the setting that allows users to send periodic updates of precise coordinates and define privacy preferences to control the granularity of the location, both in an encrypted format. Our system supports three kinds of user queries --- "Where is this user? ", "Who is nearby? ", and "How close is this user from another user? ". Also, we develop a new algorithm to improve the multidimensional data access by reducing significant masking error. Our prototype and various performance evaluations on different platforms demonstrated that our system is practical.
A Prospective, Multicenter Study of the AIMS65 Score Compared With the Glasgow-Blatchford Score in Predicting Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Outcomes

Background: The AIMS65 score and the Glasgow-Blatchford risk score (GBRS) are validated preendoscopic risk scores for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH). Goals: To compare the 2 scores’ performance in predicting important outcomes in UGIH. Study: A prospective cohort study in 2 tertiary referral centers and 1 community teaching hospital. Adults with UGIH were included. The AIMS65 score and GBRS were calculated for each patient. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality, in-hospital rebleeding, 30-day rebleeding, length of stay, and a composite endpoint of in-hospital mortality, transfusions, or need for intervention (endoscopic, radiologic, or surgical treatment). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated for each score and outcome. Results: A total of 298 patients were enrolled. The AIMS65 score was superior to the GBRS in predicting in-hospital mortality (AUROC, 0.85 vs. 0.66; P<0.01) and length of stay (Somer’s D, 0.21 vs. 0.13; P=0.04). The scores were similar in predicting 30-day mortality (AUROC, 0.74 vs. 0.65; P=0.16), in-hospital rebleeding (AUROC, 0.69 vs. 0.62; P=0.19), 30-day rebleeding (AUROC, 0.63 vs. 0.63; P=0.90), and the composite outcome (AUROC, 0.57 vs. 0.59; P=0.49). The optimal cutoffs for predicting in-hospital mortality were an AIMS65 score of 3 and a GBRS score of 10. For predicting rebleeding, the optimal cutoffs were 2 and 10, respectively. Conclusions: The AIMS65 score is superior to the GBRS for predicting in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay for patients with UGIH. The AIMS65 score and GBRS are similar in predicting 30-day mortality, rebleeding, and a composite endpoint.
Flow Interruption Effects on Intake Rate and Rill Erosion in Two Soils

Efficiency of surface irrigation is often low because of poor infiltration uniformity, resulting from relatively long periods of infiltration at the upstream end and short periods of infiltration at the downstream end of the field. Surge irrigation, the intermittent supply of water to furrows, generally reduces soil intake rate (IR) and improves moisture uniformity over the entire field. However, IR reduction varies from one irrigation scheme to another, depends on soil and water properties, and is difficult to predict. A laboratory study using miniflumes was designed to investigate the effect of interrupted flow on IR and soil loss from short rills. Two soils differing in their textures, a silt loam (Calcic Haploxeralf) derived from loess and a clay soil (Typic Haploxerert), were studied. Intake rate in the clay soil was greater than that in the silt loam. Therefore, different inflow rates were applied to the two soils to achieve similar runoff flow rates from the two soils. Cumulative infiltration decreased from 646 mL in continuous flow to 539 mL in interrupted flow for the silt loam and from 1142 to 1068 mL in the day soil. Interrupted flow also reduced cumulative soil loss by 84% in the clay soil but had only a small effect on soil loss from the silt loam. However, when flow rate was increased from 80 to 320 mL min -1 , interrupted flow reduced soil loss in the silt loam as much as in the day soil. Consolidation of the soil surface and formation of cohesive forces between soil particles of the silt loam with unstable structure during flow interruption was suggested as the explanation for the effect of flow interruption on intake rate and soil detachment. These results need to be verified in field experiments.
CYP2C19 polymorphisms in the Thai population and the clinical response to clopidogrel in patients with atherothrombotic-risk factors

Genetic variation in the cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) gene has been documented gradually as the determinant conversion and variability in the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of clinically relevant allele variants (CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, and CYP2C19*17) in a Thai study population, and finally determine whether the allele distributes and predicts metabolic phenotypes in clopidogrel treated patients. A total of 1,051 Thai patients participated in this study. Genotypes for CYP2C19 polymorphisms were detected by the microarray-based technique. Furthermore, results of genotyping and platelet aggregation in 96 cardiovascular disease patients on 75 mg clopidogrel maintenance daily dose therapy also were analyzed. Among 1,051 samples, the allele frequencies of CYP2C19 *1/*1, *1/*2, *1/*3, *2/*2, *2/*3, and *1/*17 were found in 428 (40.72%), 369 (35.10%), 72 (6.85%), 77 (7.32%), 59 (5.61%), and 45 (4.30%) of the patients, respectively. Homozygous CYP2C19 *3/*3 was found in one patient (0.10%). Therefore, 40.72% of the patients were predicted as extensive metabolizers, 41.95% as intermediate metabolizers, 13.03% as poor metabolizers, and 4.30% as ultra-rapid metabolizers. Among 96 patients, the frequency of poor metabolizers was significantly higher in the clopidogrel non-responder group than in the responder group (36.0% and 15.5%, respectively, P = 0.03). CYP2C19*1/*17 was observed in responders (n = 2; 2.8%). As a result, CYP2C19 variants were associated with clopidogrel non-responders. However, there is a need for further elucidation of the clinical importance and use of this finding to make firm and cost-effective recommendations for drug treatment in the future.
Development of a Hybrid Index for Drought Prediction: Case Study

Drought is a natural phenomenon that occurs in many places on the planet and may cause considerable damage. Selection of an integrated index for quantifying drought severity is a challenge for decision makers in developing water resources and operation management policies. In this study, the standardized precipitation index, water surface supply index, and Palmer drought severity index have been combined to develop an integrated index, called the hybrid drought index (HDI), using associated damage of drought events. Application of the HDI in drought severity prediction has been examined using two different types of artificial neural networks, namely, a probabilistic neural network and a multilayer perceptron network. These models have been selected due to their special characteristics that are suitable for prediction schemes. The proposed algorithm for developing HDI and drought prediction has been applied to the “Gavkhooni/Zayandeh-rud” basin in the central part of Iran. The results show the merits of ea.
Compact Low-Loss Reconfigurable Bandpass Filter With Switchable Bandwidth

A reconfigurable bandpass filter (BPF) is presented using a resonator with switchable number of transmission poles at 1.5 GHz. The resonator consists of a uniform resonator, a p-i-n diode, and an open loop. The diode is used to connect/isolate the open loop to/from the uniform resonator. When the open loop is loaded, the resonator has three transmission poles, and the BPF achieves a wideband response. On the other hand, the resonator has one transmission pole, and the BPF exhibits a narrow-band response when the open loop is disconnected. In comparison to previous work, the proposed reconfigurable BPF features a compact size, low insertion losses, minimum diode number, and a fair passband tuning ratio.
A New Low Loss Rotman Lens Design for Multibeam Phased Arrays

The design methodology and analysis of a new low loss Rotman lens beam-forming network is presented. With the introduction of dielectric contours of varying permittivity within the lens, enhanced focusing is achieved. The varying permittivity is realized through a synthesized dielectric technique, where a periodic lattice of holes is formed within the dielectric substrate. In comparison to a conventional Rotman lens of similar shape and size, this new enhanced focused Rotman lens shows an insertion loss improvement of 1.2 to 2.0 dB. Also, the decrease in gain at the extreme scan angles is reduced from 1.5dB to 0.7dB
Transcriptional Regulation of Vibrio cholerae Hemagglutinin/Protease by the Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein and RpoS

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae secretes a Zn-dependent metalloprotease, hemagglutinin/protease (HA/protease), which is encoded by hapA and displays a broad range of potentially pathogenic activities. Production of HA/protease requires transcriptional activation by the quorum-sensing regulator HapR. In this study we demonstrate that transcription of hapA is growth phase dependent and specifically activated in the deceleration and stationary growth phases. Addition of glucose in these phases repressed hapA transcription by inducing V. cholerae to resume exponential growth, which in turn diminished the expression of a rpoS-lacZ transcriptional fusion. Contrary to a previous observation, we demonstrate that transcription of hapA requires the rpoS-encoded σs factor. The cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) strongly enhanced hapA transcription in the deceleration phase. Analysis of rpoS and hapR mRNA in isogenic CRP+ and CRP− strains suggested that CRP enhances the transcription of rpoS and hapR. Analysis of strains containing hapR-lacZ and hapA-lacZ fusions confirmed that hapA is transcribed in response to concurrent quorum-sensing and nutrient limitation stimuli. Mutations inactivating the stringent response regulator RelA and the HapR-controlled AphA regulator did not affect HA/protease expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift experiments showed that pure cAMP-CRP and HapR alone do not bind the hapA promoter. This result suggests that HapR activation of hapA differs from its interaction with the aphA promoter and could involve additional factors.
Probabilistic Models for Hierarchical Clustering and Categorisation: Applications in the Information Society

|We propose a new hierarchical generative model for textual data, where words may be generated by topic speciic distributions at any level in the hierarchy. This model is naturally well-suited to clustering documents in preset or automatically generated hierarchies, as well as cat-egorising new documents in an existing hierarchy. Furthermore , we present a series of applications that can beneet from our model, as well as an experimental evaluation for both clustering and categorisation on frequently used data sets.
Patterns of Bedrock Channel Erosion on the Boso Peninsula, Japan

Three channels on the Boso Peninsula, Japan, were examined to assess how cross‐sectional to reach‐scale channel morphology relates to substrate variables, and how cross‐sectional to reach‐scale erosional patterns relate to basin‐scale longitudinal profile. Two of the channels, Shichiri‐gawa and Torii‐zawa are deeply incised into interbedded sandstone and mudstone, whereas the third channel, Futama‐gawa, is incised into mudstone. Reach‐scale channel morphologies include knickpoints, chutes and pools, plane beds, and both transverse and longitudinal bed erosional features. Step‐backwater modeling of a September 1996 typhoon‐related flood flow along each channel indicated that unit stream power is highly variable downstream. Stream power minima are associated with bends and with coarse‐clast deposition. Magnitude of erosional bed features correlates with hydraulics and flow energy expenditure along Futama‐gawa, and with variability in substrate resistance along Shichiri‐gawa and Torii‐zawa. Thickness and orientation of the bedrock strata strongly control erosional patterns along Shichiri‐gawa and Torii‐zawa. Reaches dominated by sandstone have shallower pools or a plane bed. Reaches with a higher proportion of resistant mudstone and with strata that strike across the channel have more knickpoints and a stepped morphology. Comparison of main stem and tributary drainage areas and gradients indicates that a simple stream power‐dependent erosion law does not fully account for the evolution of longitudinal profiles on the Boso Peninsula. Ability to incise does not necessarily increase with stream power or basin area for channels on the Boso Peninsula because of substrate influences on bed erosional forms and on coarse clast resistance.
Confirmation of Neanderthal/modern human interstratification at the Chatelperronian type-site

The nature of the replacement of Neanderthal by anatomically and behaviorally modern populations in Europe is currently a topic of lively debate in human evolution. In an earlier paper [Gravina B, Mellars P, Bronk Ramsey C (2005) Nature 483:51–56], we published a series of radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometer measurements for the site of Châtelperron in central France, which had been claimed to show a clear “interstratification” of successive levels of Neanderthal and modern human occupation, on the basis of excavations carried out by Henri Delporte in the 1950s. This interpretation has recently been challenged by Zilhão and colleagues [Zilhão J, d'Errico F, Bordes J-G, Lenoble A, Texier J-P, Rigaud J-P (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:12643–12648], who suggest that the deposits excavated in the 1950s consisted largely, if not entirely, of the unstratified “backdirt” of the earlier, 19th century excavations on the site. We show here that the excavation backdirt interpretation for the Châtelperron stratigraphy can be refuted from many different aspects of the stratigraphic, radiocarbon, and archaeological evidence. We reassess the significance of this site for current models of the coexistence and interactions between Neanderthal and anatomically modern populations in western Europe.
Evolutionary relationships among pathogenic Candida species and relatives

Small subunit rRNA sequences have been determined for 10 of the most clinically important pathogenic species of the yeast genus Candida (including Torulopsis [Candida] glabrata and Yarrowia [Candida] lipolytica) and for Hansenula polymorpha. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences and those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, and Aspergillus fumigatus indicate that Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. viswanathii form a subgroup within the genus. The remaining significant pathogen, T. glabrata, falls into a second, distinct subgroup and is specifically related to S. cerevisiae and more distantly related to C. kefyr (psuedotropicalis) and K. marxianus var. lactis. The 18S rRNA sequence of Y. lipolytica has evolved rapidly in relation to the other Candida sequences examined and appears to be only distantly related to them. As anticipated, species of several other genera appear to bear specific relationships to members of the genus Candida.
Cross-Linguistic Universals in Reading Acquisition with Applications to English-Language Learners with Reading Disabilities

There is a considerable gap in English reading achievement between English-language learners and native speakers in the United States. Differentiation of whether English language learners' struggles are symptomatic of reading disability or related to second language acquisition is often challenging. These issues highlight the need for increased insight into reading development and disability in this population. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of cross-linguistic universals in reading acquisition, how reading disabilities manifest in various languages, and whether diagnostic and instructional approaches that are effective for native English speakers are also appropriate for English-language learners. Recommendations for assessment and intervention practices for at-risk and reading-disabled English-language learners are provided.