Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of cooperative communications for STFC MB-OFDM UWB

Recently, the combination of cooperative communication, Space-Time-Frequency Codes (STFCs) and Multiband OFDM Ultra-Wideband (MB-OFDM UWB) has been proposed to improve the data rate, system capacity and reliability. This paper provides insightful performance evaluation for our previous proposed cooperative communication schemes for MB-OFDM UWB systems. In particular, this paper shows that the usefulness of cooperative communication schemes is decided by the mutual relation between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the inter-node links, referred to as inter-node SNR, and that of the uplinks, which is referred to as uplink SNR. For a certain uplink SNR value, cooperative communication becomes useful when the inter-node SNR is above a certain threshold, the so-called cooperative SNR value, and vice versa. The cooperative SNR values corresponding to different uplink conditions have been derived from the simulation results for the UWB channel models CM1 and CM2 for illustration. Two important observations drawn from this paper are that, in some cases, cooperative communication for MB-OFDM UWB might be still beneficial even when the inter-node links are relatively noisy, and/or when the source nodes are located further apart from each other than from the destination node; and this benefit over a non-cooperative counterpart is more significant when the uplink channels are more dispersive.
The viral context instructs the redundancy of costimulatory pathways in driving CD8+ T cell expansion

Signals delivered by costimulatory molecules are implicated in driving T cell expansion. The requirements for these signals, however, vary from dispensable to essential in different infections. We examined the underlying mechanisms of this differential T cell costimulation dependence and found that the viral context determined the dependence on CD28/B7-mediated costimulation for expansion of naive and memory CD8+ T cells, indicating that the requirement for costimulatory signals is not imprinted. Notably, related to the high-level costimulatory molecule expression induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), CD28/B7-mediated costimulation was dispensable for accumulation of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells because of redundancy with the costimulatory pathways induced by TNF receptor family members (i.e., CD27, OX40, and 4-1BB). Type I IFN signaling in viral-specific CD8+ T cells is slightly redundant with costimulatory signals. These results highlight that pathogen-specific conditions differentially and uniquely dictate the utilization of costimulatory pathways allowing shaping of effector and memory antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07486. 001
Differential Expression of microRNAs in the Non-Permissive Schistosome Host Microtus fortis under Schistosome Infection

The reed vole Microtus fortis is the only mammal known in China in which the growth, development and maturation of schistosomes (Schistosoma japonicum) is prevented. It might be that the anti-schistosomiasis mechanisms of M. fortis associate with microRNA-mediated gene expression, given that the latter has been found to be involved in gene regulation in eukaryotes. In the present study, the difference between pathological changes in tissues of M. fortis and of mice (Mus musculus) post-schistosome infection were observed by using hematoxylin-eosin staining. In addition, microarray technique was applied to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the same tissues before and post-infection to analyze the potential roles of miRNAs in schistosome infection in these two different types of host. Histological analyses showed that S. japonicum infection in M. fortis resulted in a more intensive inflammatory response and pathological change than in mice. The microarray analysis revealed that 162 miRNAs were expressed in both species, with 12 in liver, 32 in spleen and 34 in lung being differentially expressed in M. fortis. The functions of the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly revolved in nutrient metabolism, immune regulation, etc. Further analysis revealed that important signaling pathways were triggered after infection by S. japonicum in M. fortis but not in the mice. These results provide new insights into the general mechanisms of regulation in the non-permissive schistosome host M. fortis that exploits potential miRNA regulatory networks. Such information will help improve current understanding of schistosome development and host–parasite interactions.
Low Temperature Specific Heat of Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ in the Kagome Ice State

We report the specific heat of single crystals of the spin ice compound Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ at temperatures down to 100 mK in the so-called Kagome ice state. In our previous paper, we showed the anisotropic release of residual entropy in different magnetic field directions and reported new residual entropy associated with spin frustration in the Kagome slab for field in the [111] direction. In this paper, we confirm the first-order phase transition line in the field-temperature phase diagram and the presence of a critical point at (0.98 T, 400 mK), previously reported from the magnetization and specific-heat data. We newly found another peak in the specific heat at 1.25 T below 0.3 K. One possible explanation for the state between 1 T and 1.25 T is the coexistence of states with different spin configurations including the 2-in 2-out one (Kagome ice state), the 1-in 3-out state (ordered state) and paramagnetic one (free-spin state).
Perceived Organisational Support and Work Engagement: Mediation of Psychological Capital - A Research Agenda

In the present business scenario, it has been proved time and again that perceived organisational support (POS) has a significant influence on work engagement. But, the role of intervening variables in this relationship has rarely been examined. This article proposes a theoretical framework that explores the role of psychological capital as an intervening variable in the relationship between POS and work engagement. Psychological capital (PsyCap) is a positive core construct consisting of the psychological resources of efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience. The role of PsyCap as a mediator for influencing work engagement imparts a crucial tool to the HR managers as PsyCap can be developed through training. Also, when an employee feels engaged in his work primarily because of his PsyCap, it would be more deep rooted and lasting than from an organisational level variable such as POS. This paper also discusses the influence of POS on each construct of PsyCap. In addition, this study provides insight into the process through which employee’s PsyCap influences his engagement levels. It also has implications for managers who struggle to keep their employees engaged.
Post-Training Reward Partially Restores Chronic Stress Induced Effects in Mice

Reduced responsiveness to positive stimuli is a core symptom of depression, known as anhedonia. In the present study, we assessed the expression of anhedonia in our chronic stress mouse model using a subset of read-out parameters. In line with this, we investigated in how far chronic stress would affect the facilitating effect of post-training self-administration of sugar, as we previously observed in naïve mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were repeatedly and at unpredictable times exposed to rats (no physical contact) over the course of two weeks. Following novelty exploration, (non-) spatial learning and memory processes with and without post-training sugar acting as reinforcer, emotionality, reward sensitivity and corticosterone levels were determined. We found that (1) the effects of chronic stress persisted beyond the period of the actual rat exposure. (2) Post-training self-administration of sugar as reinforcer improved spatial performance in naïve mice, whereas (3) in stressed mice sugar partially “normalized” the impaired performance to the level of controls without sugar. Chronic stress (4) increased behavioral inhibition in response to novelty; (5) induced dynamic changes in the pattern of circadian corticosterone secretion during the first week after rat stress and (6) increased the intake of sucrose and water. (7) Chronic stress and sugar consumed during spatial training facilitated the memory for the location of the sucrose bottle weeks later. Concluding, our chronic stress paradigm induces the expression of anhedonia in mice, at different levels of behavior. The behavioral inhibition appears to be long lasting in stressed mice. Interestingly, sugar consumed in close context with spatial learning partially rescued the stress-induced emotional and cognitive impairments. This suggests that reward can ameliorate part of the negative consequences of chronic stress on memory.
Envisioning helps promote sustainability in academia

Purpose – Universities are increasingly aspiring to be both models and catalysts of change, leading the world to a more sustainable and desirable future. Yet complex and ineffective governance, traditional disciplinary boundaries, and the lack of a shared vision at academic institutions often hinder progress toward this goal. The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach to envisioning and engagement used by the University of Vermont (UVM) to overcome these barriers, and in the process, continue the university’s progress toward leadership in systems thinking, ecological design, and sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – The envisioning and engagement process involved 1,500 participants from the UVM campus and Burlington community. Participants’ visions of a sustainable and desirable university are gathered through two community events and three online surveys. Their responses are analyzed using a modified Q methodology, a survey method in which participants direct the formation of survey categories. The results of the analysis lead to the formation of a vision narrative, a sustainability charter, and guide the creation of a range of initiatives. Findings – The results of these efforts suggest that when provided with ample and well-structured opportunities, university community members will become active participants in initiatives aimed at fostering institutional change. By focusing on shared values and long-term goals, envisioning exercises can achieve a surprising amount of consensus while avoiding the divisiveness and polarization that often plague open-ended discussions and university governance. Originality/value – While envisioning exercises are sometimes conducted by local governments, institutions of higher education still rely predominantly on more traditional and hierarchical methods of planning. The innovative process outlined in this paper for adapting Q methodology for community envisioning appears to be an effective method of eliciting participants’ visions and establishing broad-based support for actions that promote sustainability planning and education.
Motivating Knowledge Sharing in Diverse Organizational Contexts: An Argument for Reopening the Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Debate

In an effort to assess the generalizability of factors that influence the disposition of knowledge sharing within organizations, this paper replicates a previous study that provided support for intrinsic motivators playing a dominant role in organizational science literature but applies it to a different community. A recent survey of 156 U.S. and Canadian law enforcement, forensic, and information assurance professionals discovered differences in the findings between the community examined in the earlier study and this one and suggest that there is merit in reopening the discussion between intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and the role they play in an organization. Examination of these two studies further suggests that the impact of motivators, both intrinsic and extrinsic, varies with the context of the knowledge management system to which they are applied. This paper then concludes with suggestions on direction of future research.
Poverty and Single Parenting: Relations with Preschoolers' Cortisol and Effortful Control

Poverty and single parent status, which often co-occur, have been shown to relate to lower effortful control, and this may be in part due to disruptions in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Both poverty and single parent status may compromise parenting, which in turn may disrupt HPA axis activity and the development of effortful control. We examined whether parenting and HPA axis activity accounted for the effects of poverty and single parent status on the development of effortful control in preschool children (N=78). Effortful control was measured at two time points, 6months apart. Individually, poverty and single parent status were related to blunted HPA axis activity, characterized by low AM and PM cortisol. However, when examined together, the effects were present only for preschoolers whose parents were in poverty. Parental warmth and negativity accounted for the relations between poverty and blunted cortisol. Blunted cortisol was related to lower effortful control at Time 2. These results suggest a pathway through which poverty may impact children’ sd eveloping effortful control through parenting, which in turn may shape HPA axis activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Met‐RANTES reduces vascular and tubular damage during acute renal transplant rejection: blocking monocyte arrest and recruitment

Chemokines are thought to contribute to the cellular infiltrate characteristic of renal transplant rejection. We show that Met‐RANTES, a chemokine receptor antagonist, suppresses recruitment of inflammatory cells into renal allografts. In a renal transplant model (Fisher RT1lvl rat kidney into Lewis RTI1 rat) where no additional immune suppressant was used, Met‐RANTES‐treated animals showed a significant reduction in vascular injury score (16.10 ± 5.20 vs. 62.67 ± 18.64) and tubular damage score (15.70 ± 5.22 vs. 33.00 ± 6.44) relative to untreated animals. In a more severe rejection model (Brown‐Norway RT1n rat kidney into Lewis RT11 rat), Met‐RANTES significantly augmented low‐dose cyclosporin A treatment to reduce all aspects of renal injury including interstitial inflammation (score 71.00 ± 6.10 vs. 157.30 ± 21.30). The majority of infiltrating cells in these models (60–70%) consisted of monocytes. Potential mechanisms of action of Met‐RANTES were tested using monocyte attachment assays on microvascular endothelium under physiological flow conditions. Preexposure of micro‐vascular endothelium to RANTES resulted in RANTES immobilization and RANTES‐induced firm adhesion of monocytes only after prestimulation of the endothelium with IL‐1β. Met‐RANTES completely inhibited this RANTES‐mediated arrest. Thus, Met‐RANTES may counter acute rejection by blocking leukocyte firm adhesion to inflamed endothelium. —Gröne, H. ‐J., Weber, C. , Weber, K. S. C. , Gröne, E. F. , Rabelink, T. , Klier, C. M. , Wells, T. N. C. , Proudfoot, A. E. , Schlöndorff, D. , Nelson, P. J. Met‐RANTES reduces vascular and tubular damage during acute renal transplant rejection: blocking monocyte arrest and recruitment. FASEB J. 13, 1371–1383 (1999)
Deep Dyslexia Is Right-Hemisphere Reading

Two views exist concerning the proper interpretation of the form of acquired dyslexia known as deep dyslexia: (a) that it represents reading by a multiply damaged left hemisphere reading system; (b) that it represents reading which relies extensively on right-hemisphere orthographic and semantic processing. Price, Howard, Patterson, Warburton, Friston, and Frackowiak (1998) have recently reported a brain-imaging study whose results, they claim, "preclude an explanation of deep dyslexia in terms of purely right-hemisphere word processing. " Their claim conflicts with the conclusions of previous published work, which strongly supports the RH hypothesis, work which they do not mention. Furthermore, I argue that their own results also favor the RH hypothesis (even though they claim otherwise); indeed, their results permit the formulation of a much more detailed version of the RH hypothesis than has hitherto been possible. Hence I conclude that the right-hemisphere interpretation of deep dyslexic reading remains the preferred explanation of deep dyslexia.
Phonological templates in early words

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Development and Validation of an Instrument for Measuring Attitudes and Beliefs about Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Use among Cancer Patients

Despite cancer patients' extensive use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), validated instruments to measure attitudes, and beliefs predictive of CAM use are lacking. We aimed at developing and validating an instrument, attitudes and beliefs about CAM (ABCAM). The 15-item instrument was developed using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework. The literature review, qualitative interviews, expert content review, and cognitive interviews were used to develop the instrument, which was then administered to 317 outpatient oncology patients. The ABCAM was best represented as a 3-factor structure: expected benefits, perceived barriers, and subjective norms related to CAM use by cancer patients. These domains had Eigenvalues of 4.79, 2.37, and 1.43, and together explained over 57.2% of the variance. The 4-item expected benefits, 7-item perceived barriers, and 4-item subjective norms domain scores, each had an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.91, 0.76, and 0.75, respectively. As expected, CAM users had higher expected benefits, lower perceived barriers, and more positive subjective norms (all P < 0.001) than those who did not use CAM. Our study provides the initial evidence that the ABCAM instrument produced reliable and valid scores that measured attitudes and beliefs related to CAM use among cancer patients.
Uncertainty in Data Integration

Data integration has been an important area of research for several years. In this chapter, we argue that supporting modern data integration applications requires systems to handle uncertainty at every step of integration. We provide a formal framework for data integration systems with uncertainty. We define probabilistic schema mappings and probabilistic mediated schemas, show how they can be constructed automatically for a set of data sources, and provide techniques for query answering. The foundations laid out in this chapter enable bootstrapping a pay-as-you-go integration system completely automatically.
Role of the Progressive Ankylosis Gene (ank) in Cartilage Mineralization

ABSTRACT Mineralization of growth plate cartilage is a critical event during endochondral bone formation, which allows replacement of cartilage by bone. Ankylosis protein (Ank), which transports intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) to the extracellular milieu, is expressed by hypertrophic and, especially highly, by terminally differentiated mineralizing growth plate chondrocytes. Blocking Ank transport activity or ank expression in terminally differentiated mineralizing growth plate chondrocytes led to increases of intra- and extracellular PPi concentrations, decreases of alkaline phosphatase (APase) expression and activity, and inhibition of mineralization, whereas treatment of these cells with the APase inhibitor levamisole led to an increase of extracellular PPi concentration and inhibition of mineralization. Ank-overexpressing hypertrophic nonmineralizing growth plate chondrocytes showed decreased intra- and extracellular PPi levels; increased mineralization-related gene expression of APase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin; increased APase activity; and mineralization. Treatment of Ank-expressing growth plate chondrocytes with a phosphate transport blocker (phosphonoformic acid [PFA]) inhibited uptake of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and gene expression of the type III Na+/Pi cotransporters Pit-1 and Pit-2. Furthermore, PFA or levamisole treatment of Ank-overexpressing hypertrophic chondrocytes inhibited APase expression and activity and subsequent mineralization. In conclusion, increased Ank activity results in elevated intracellular PPi transport to the extracellular milieu, initial hydrolysis of PPi to Pi, Pi-mediated upregulation of APase gene expression and activity, further hydrolysis and removal of the mineralization inhibitor PPi, and subsequent mineralization.
Reality and measurement of the wave function.

Using a simple version of the model for the quantum measurement of a two-level system, the contention of Aharonov, Anandan, and Vaidman [Phys. Rev. A 47, 4616 (1993)] that one must in certain circumstances give the wave function an ontological as well as an epistemological significance is examined. I decide that their argument that the wave function of a system can be measured on a single system fails to establish the key point and that what they demonstrate is the ontological significance of certain operators in the theory, with the wave function playing its usual epistemological role.
Symptoms, signs, and risk factors

In current mental health care psychiatric conditions are defined as compilations of symptoms. These symptom-based disease categories have been severely criticised as contingent and boundless, facilitating the rise to epidemic proportions of such conditions as depression. In this article we look beyond symptoms and stress the role of epidemiology in explaining the current situation. By analysing the parallel development of cardiovascular disease and depression management in Finland, we argue, firstly, that current mental health care shares with the medicine of chronic somatic conditions an attachment to risk factor epidemiology, which accentuates risk and prevention in disease management. However, secondly, due to the symptom-based definitions of psychiatric conditions, depression management cannot differentiate properly between symptoms, signs and risk factors such as, for example, cardiovascular medicine, but treats symptoms as signs or risk factors in contexts of treatment and prevention. Consequently, minor at-risk conditions have become difficult to separate from proper cases of depression.