Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of microtubule depolymerization in monocytes

Human monocytes, which contain few interphase microtubules (35.+/- 7.7), were used to study the dynamics of microtubule depolymerization. Steady-state microtubule assembly was abruptly blocked with either high concentrations of nocodazole (10 micrograms/ml) or exposure to cold temperature (3 degrees C). At various times after inhibition of assembly, cells were processed for anti-tubulin immunofluorescence microscopy. Stained cells were observed with an intensified video camera attached to the fluorescence microscope. A tracing of the entire length of each individual microtubule was made from the image on the television monitor by focusing up and down through the cell. The tracings were then digitized into a computer. All microtubules were seen to originate from the centrosome, with an average length in control cells of 7.1 +/- 2.7 microns (n = 957 microtubules). During depolymerization, the total microtubule polymer and the number of microtubules per cell decreased rapidly. In contrast, there was a slow decrease in the average length of the persisting microtubules. The half- time for both the loss of total microtubule polymer and microtubule number per cell was approximately 40 s for nocodazole-treated cells. The rate-limiting step in the depolymerization process was the rate of initiation of disassembly. Once initiated, depolymerization appeared catastrophic. Further kinetic analysis revealed two classes of microtubules: 70% of the microtubule population was very labile and initiated depolymerization at a rate approximately 23 times faster than a minor population of persistent microtubules. Cold treatment yielded qualitatively similar characteristics of depolymerization, but the initiation rates were slower. In both cases there was a significant asynchrony and heterogeneity in the initiation of depolymerization among the population of microtubules.
Detrimental effects of overstuffing or understuffing with a radial head replacement in the medial collateral-ligament deficient elbow.

BACKGROUND Comminuted radial head fractures associated with an injury of the medial collateral ligament can be treated with a radial head implant. We hypothesized that lengthening and shortening of the radial neck would alter the kinematics and the pressure through the radiocapitellar joint in the medial collateral ligament-deficient elbow. METHODS The effects of lengthening (2.5 and 5 mm) and shortening (2.5 and 5 mm) of the radial neck were assessed in six human cadaveric upper extremities in which the medial collateral ligament had been surgically released. The three-dimensional spatial orientation of the ulna was recorded during simulated active motion from extension to flexion. Total varus-valgus laxity and ulnar rotation were measured. Radiocapitellar joint pressure was assessed with use of pressure-sensitive film. RESULTS Radial neck lengthening or shortening of >/=2.5 mm significantly changed the kinematics in the medial collateral ligament-deficient elbow. Lengthening caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in varus-valgus laxity and ulnar rotation (p < 0.05), with the ulna tracking in varus and external rotation. Shortening caused a significant increase in varus-valgus laxity (p < 0.05) and ulnar rotation (p < 0.05), with the ulna tracking in valgus and internal rotation. The pressure on the radiocapitellar joint was significantly increased after 2.5 mm of lengthening. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that accurate restoration of radial length is important and that axial understuffing or overstuffing of the radiohumeral joint by >/=2.5 mm alters both elbow kinematics and radiocapitellar pressure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This in vitro cadaver study indicates that a radial head replacement should be performed with the same level of concern for accuracy and reproducibility of component position and orientation as is appropriate with any other prosthesis.
The Interrelationships Among Family Stress, Parenting Behavior, and Behavior Problems: An Investigation of Internationally Adopted Chinese Girls

vii CHAPTER I: Introduction 1 Statement of the Problem and Theoretical Framework 1 Rationale and Purpose 4 Research Questions 4 Definition of Key Terms 5 Family Stress 5 Parenting Behavior 5 Behavior Problems 5 Contributions to Research and Practice 5 CHAPTER II: Review of Relevant Literature 7 Behavior Problems in Children 7 Genetic Factors 8 Environmental Factors 9 Summary 18 Internationally Adopted Children 19 Behavior Problems in Internationally Adopted Children 20 Pre-Adoption Experiences and Development 22 Post-Adoption Environment and Children’s Behavior Problems 34 Conclusions 38 CHAPTER III: Method 40 Participants 40 Participant Selection 41 Sample Selection Criteria for Current Analysis 43 Measures and Procedures 44 Social Problem Questionnaire 45 Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire 47 Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6 to 18 49 Recent Life Changes Form 51 Statistical Analyses 52 Descriptive Analysis 52
The A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonist CP-532,903 [N6-(2,5-Dichlorobenzyl)-3′-aminoadenosine-5′-N-methylcarboxamide] Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the Sarcolemmal ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel

We examined the cardioprotective profile of the new A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonist CP-532,903 [N6-(2,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3′-aminoadenosine-5′-N-methylcarboxamide] in an in vivo mouse model of infarction and an isolated heart model of global ischemia/reperfusion injury. In radioligand binding and cAMP accumulation assays using human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing recombinant mouse ARs, CP-532,903 was found to bind with high affinity to mouse A3ARs (Ki = 9.0 ± 2.5 nM) and with high selectivity versus mouse A1AR (100-fold) and A2AARs (1000-fold). In in vivo ischemia/reperfusion experiments, pretreating mice with 30 or 100 μg/kg CP-532,903 reduced infarct size from 59.2 ± 2.1% of the risk region in vehicle-treated mice to 42.5 ± 2.3 and 39.0 ± 2.9%, respectively. Likewise, treating isolated mouse hearts with CP-532,903 (10, 30, or 100 nM) concentration dependently improved recovery of contractile function after 20 min of global ischemia and 45 min of reperfusion, including developed pressure and maximal rate of contraction/relaxation. In both models of ischemia/reperfusion injury, CP-532,903 provided no benefit in studies using mice with genetic disruption of the A3AR gene, A3 knockout (KO) mice. In isolated heart studies, protection provided by CP-532,903 and ischemic preconditioning induced by three brief ischemia/reperfusion cycles were lost in Kir6.2 KO mice lacking expression of the pore-forming subunit of the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings provided evidence that the A3AR is functionally coupled to the sarcolemmal KATP channel in murine cardiomyocytes. We conclude that CP-532,903 is a highly selective agonist of the mouse A3AR that protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating sarcolemmal KATP channels.
Design Margin Exploration of Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) in Scaled Technologies

We propose a magnetic and electric level spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) cell model to simulate the write operation of an STT-RAM. The model of a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) is modified to take into account the electrical response of the MOS transistor that is connected to the MTJ. A dynamic design flow is also proposed to minimize any unnecessary design margin in an STT-RAM cell design by leveraging from the new STT-RAM cell model. The design of an STT-RAM cell with a one-transistor-one-MTJ (1T1J) structure shows that our technique can reduce more than 22% of the STT-RAM cell area, compared with a conventional STT-RAM cell model at a TSMC 90-nm technology node. The performance and the reliability of the memory cell were unaffected. By using our model, we analyzed the scalability of STT-RAM technology down to a 22-nm Bulk-CMOS technology node. The tradeoffs among the MTJ switching current, the thermal stability of the MTJ and the MOS transistor driving strength are discussed. Some magnetic- and circuit-level solutions to achieve 9F2 STT-RAM cell area at 22-nm technology node are also discussed.
Modulation of GABAergic transmission in development and neurodevelopmental disorders: investigating physiology and pathology to gain therapeutic perspectives

During mammalian ontogenesis, the neurotransmitter GABA is a fundamental regulator of neuronal networks. In neuronal development, GABAergic signaling regulates neural proliferation, migration, differentiation, and neuronal-network wiring. In the adult, GABA orchestrates the activity of different neuronal cell-types largely interconnected, by powerfully modulating synaptic activity. GABA exerts these functions by binding to chloride-permeable ionotropic GABAA receptors and metabotropic GABAB receptors. According to its functional importance during development, GABA is implicated in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, Fragile X, Rett syndrome, Down syndrome, schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome and neurofibromatosis. The strength and polarity of GABAergic transmission is continuously modulated during physiological, but also pathological conditions. For GABAergic transmission through GABAA receptors, strength regulation is achieved by different mechanisms such as modulation of GABAA receptors themselves, variation of intracellular chloride concentration, and alteration in GABA metabolism. In the never-ending effort to find possible treatments for GABA-related neurological diseases, of great importance would be modulating GABAergic transmission in a safe and possibly physiological way, without the dangers of either silencing network activity or causing epileptic seizures. In this review, we will discuss the different ways to modulate GABAergic transmission normally at work both during physiological and pathological conditions. Our aim is to highlight new research perspectives for therapeutic treatments that reinstate natural and physiological brain functions in neuro-pathological conditions.
SecLEACH - A Random Key Distribution Solution for Securing Clustered Sensor Networks

Clustered sensor networks have been shown to increase system throughput, decrease system delay, and save energy. While those with rotating cluster heads, such as LEACH, have also advantages in terms of security, the dynamic nature of their communication makes most existing security solutions inadequate for them. In this paper, we show how random key predistribution, widely studied in the context of flat networks, can be used to secure communication in hierarchical (cluster-based) protocols such as LEACH. To our knowledge, it is the first work that investigates random key predistribution as applied to hierarchical WSNs
Continuous Symmetric Stereo with Adaptive Outlier Handling Supplementary Material

In this section, we show results for the other 27 image pairs in the Middlebury benchmark [4, 3] (Fig. 5 Fig. 31). The parameters of our algorithm are fixed throughout all the experiments in this supplement and the main text. For each image pair, we show the estimated disparity map of the left image, the non-occlusion error map under the 1.0-threshold and three different views of the reconstructed 3D point cloud, which were rendered using MeshLab [1].
New York State Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Demonstration Project: Inpatient Outcome Measures

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of universal newborn hearing screening by examining inpatient outcome measures from 8 hospitals located in geographically diverse areas of New York State over a 3‐yr period. Design: Funding was provided by the New York State Department of Health to implement predischarge hearing screening programs in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and well‐baby nurseries (WBNs) of eight hospitals. Various screening protocols including transient evoked otoacoustic emissions alone or in combination with conventional auditory brain stem response or screening auditory brain stem response were implemented by each site. Measured outcomes included rate of misses, refusals, and fails. Results were analyzed as a function of year of operation, nursery type, and geographic location. Results: Six out of eight hospitals successfully implemented universal hearing screening during the first year, and the remaining 2 hospitals implemented programs during the second year of the project. Over a period of 3 yr, 69,761 newborns were screened at the eight hospitals representing 96.9% of all live births. The overall fail rate (4.04%) combined with the miss rate (2.61%) resulted in 6.63% of infants referred for outpatient follow‐up. Mean data indicated that inpatient outcome measures improved with year of operation, with most individual hospitals also showing improvements. Both fail and miss rates were higher in the NICU than in the WBN and for hospitals located in New York City than in other regions of the state. Conclusions: Inpatient outcome measures of a universal newborn hearing screening project, which involved multiple centers across geographically diverse regions of New York State, were acceptable in terms of successfully screening a high percentage of live births and attaining low refer rates for outpatient screening. This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting the feasibility of screening all newborns before hospital discharge.
Simultaneous Event-Based and Emergent Timing: Synchronization, Continuation, and Phase Correction

ABSTRACT It has been claimed that rhythmic tapping and circle drawing represent fundamentally different timing processes (event-based and emergent, respectively) and also that circle drawing is difficult to synchronize with a metronome and exhibits little phase correction. In the present study, musically trained participants tapped with their left hands, drew circles with their right (dominant) hands, and also performed both tasks simultaneously. In Experiment 1, they synchronized with a metronome and then continued on their own, whereas in Experiment 2, they synchronized with a metronome containing phase perturbations. Circle drawing generally exhibited reliable synchronization, although with greater variability than tapping, and also showed a clear phase-correction response that evolved gradually during the cycle immediately following a perturbation. When carried out simultaneously in synchrony, with or without a metronome, the two tasks affected each other in some ways but retained their distinctive timing characteristics. This shows that event-based and emergent timing can coexist in a dual-task situation. Furthermore, the authors argue that the two timing modes usually coexist in each individual task, although one mode is often dominant.
Novelty Categorization Theory

Novelty Categorization Theory (NCT) attempts to predict when people perceive events as novel and how they process novel events across different domains. It is predicted that broad mental categories reduce the perception of an event being novel via inclusion processes, whereas narrow categories increase it via exclusion processes. Furthermore, based on a ‘motive to know’, when preparing for novel events, people broaden both perception and mental categories, because to understand novel information, it is essential to integrate it into pre-existing knowledge structures that are sufficiently broad. Over time, a ‘when-novel-then-process-globally’ routine develops that is automatically elicited when novelty is encountered. Self-protective motives can, however, counteract such processing styles so that threatening novelty leads to local processing. Relations to construal level theory and action identification theory and implications for future research are discussed.
Two Different Populations within the Healthy Elderly: Lack of Conflict Detection in Those at Risk of Cognitive Decline

During healthy aging, inhibitory processing is affected at the sensorial, perceptual, and cognitive levels. The assessment of event-related potentials (ERPs) during the Stroop task has been used to study age-related decline in the efficiency of inhibitory processes. Studies using ERPs have found that the P300 amplitude increases and the N500 amplitude is attenuated in healthy elderly adults compared to those in young adults. On the other hand, it has been reported that theta excess in resting EEG with eyes closed is a good predictor of cognitive decline during aging 7 years later, while a normal EEG increases the probability of not developing cognitive decline. The behavioral and ERP responses during a Counting-Stroop task were compared between 22 healthy elderly subjects with normal EEG (Normal-EEG group) and 22 healthy elderly subjects with an excess of EEG theta activity (Theta-EEG group). Behaviorally, the Normal-EEG group showed a higher behavioral interference effect than the Theta-EEG group. ERP patterns were different between the groups, and two facts are highlighted: (a) the P300 amplitude was higher in the Theta-EEG group, with both groups showing a P300 effect in almost all electrodes, and (b) the Theta-EEG group did not show an N500 effect. These results suggest that the diminishment in inhibitory control observed in the Theta-EEG group may be compensated by different processes in earlier stages, which would allow them to perform the task with similar efficiency to that of participants with a normal EEG. This study is the first to show that healthy elderly subjects with an excess of theta EEG activity not only are at risk of developing cognitive decline but already have a cognitive impairment.
Separate Impact of Obesity and Glucose Tolerance on the Incretin Effect in Normal Subjects and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE—To quantitate the separate impact of obesity and hyperlycemia on the incretin effect (i.e., the gain in β-cell function after oral glucose versus intravenous glucose). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Isoglycemic oral (75 g) and intravenous glucose administration was performed in 51 subjects (24 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT], 17 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and 10 with type 2 diabetes) with a wide range of BMI (20–61 kg/m2). C-peptide deconvolution was used to reconstruct insulin secretion rates, and β-cell glucose sensitivity (slope of the insulin secretion/glucose concentration dose-response curve) was determined by mathematical modeling. The incretin effect was defined as the oral-to-intravenous ratio of responses. In 8 subjects with NGT and 10 with diabetes, oral glucose appearance was measured by the double-tracer technique. RESULTS—The incretin effect on total insulin secretion and β-cell glucose sensitivity and the GLP-1 response to oral glucose were significantly reduced in diabetes compared with NGT or IGT (P ≤ 0.05). The results were similar when subjects were stratified by BMI tertile (P ≤ 0.05). In the whole dataset, each manifestation of the incretin effect was inversely related to both glucose tolerance (2-h plasma glucose levels) and BMI (partial r = 0.27–0.59, P ≤ 0.05) in an independent, additive manner. Oral glucose appearance did not differ between diabetes and NGT and was positively related to the GLP-1 response (r = 0.53, P < 0.01). Glucagon suppression during the oral glucose tolerance test was blunted in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS—Potentiation of insulin secretion, glucose sensing, glucagon-like peptide-1 release, and glucagon suppression are physiological manifestations of the incretin effect. Glucose tolerance and obesity impair the incretin effect independently of one another.
Dimensionality of Responses to Customer Satisfaction with Low-Involvement Low-Risk Frequent Purchases: the Example of Grocery Retailing

This working paper explores affective, cognitive, conative and action consequences of customer satisfaction focusing on the dimensionality of responses to satisfaction and their interrelations. For the purpose of the present working paper, affective, cognitive, conative and action consequences of customer satisfaction are operationalised as loyalty dimensions following the recommendations by Oliver (1997). Yet, before applying the analysis to the interrelations of satisfaction and loyalty, the research presented in this working paper tests this commonly recognized factor structure of loyalty and its applicability to retail settings. As a result of the test, a different factor structure emerges that suits the research context better than the commonly recognized loyalty dimensions proposed by Oliver (1997). The working paper looks further into the type of responses to customer satisfaction, revealing affective/emotional rather than cognitive/rational nature of satisfaction consistently with findings by Cadotte, Woodruff and Jenkins (1987), Fornell and Wernerfelt (1987), Halstead, Hartman, and Schmidt (1994), Mano and Oliver (1993), Neal (1999), Oliver (1981, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1997), Spreng, MacKenzie and Olshavsky (1996), Westbrook (1987), Westbrook and Oliver (1991), Westbrook and Reilly (1983) and many other researchers. The research findings presented in this working paper suggest that neither cognitive nor action measures describe satisfaction judgments adequately and additional affective or conative measures are needed for that purpose. The research also finds that A¬relativeA® mixed cognitive-affective or cognitive-conative measures might also be suited to describe satisfaction judgments as compared to the purely cognitive measures. The affective nature of satisfaction itself is also hypothesized to be the main reason behind the satisfaction influence mainly on affective and to the lesser extent also to cognitive-affective and cognitive-conative dimensions of loyalty, which is revealed in the course of the present research. The empirical part of the working paper is based on a pan-national ad hoc survey of grocery retail customers (999 respondents) carried out in Estonia regarding their grocery and convenience goods retail purchases.