Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The velocity field of sunspot penumbrae - I. A global view

Aims. We investigated the vertical penumbral plasma flow on small spatial scales using data recorded by the spectropolarimeter of the solar optical telescope onboard Hinode. Methods. We computed maps of apparent Doppler velocities by comparing the spectral positions of the Fe I 630.15 nm & Fe I 630.25 nm lines with the averaged line profiles of the quiet Sun. To visualize the flow pattern in the low photosphere, we used a bisector of the wing of the absorption lines. The small heliocentric angle (3° ≤ Θ ≤ 9°) of our data sets means that the horizontal component of the Evershed flow (EF) does not contribute significantly to the line shift. Results. We found that in the quiet Sun (QS), the area showing upflows is always larger than the one exhibiting downflows. In the penumbra, upflows dominate only at low velocities |v dop | ≤ 0.4 km s ―1 , while at higher velocities |v dop | ≥ 0.6 km s ―1 downflows prevail. Additionally, the maximal upflow velocity in penumbrae is lower, while the maximal downflow velocity is larger with respect to the QS velocities. Furthermore, on a spatial average, the penumbra shows a redshift, corresponding to a downflow of more than 0.1 km s ―1 . Upflows are elongated and appear predominately in the inner penumbra. Strong downflows with velocities of up to 9 km s ―1 are concentrated at the penumbra-QS boundary. They are magnetized and are rather round. The inner penumbra shows an average upflow, which turns into a mean downflow in the outer penumbra. The upflow patches in the inner penumbra and the downflow locations in the outer penumbra could be interpreted as the sources and the sinks of the EF. We did not find any indication of roll-type convection within penumbral filaments.
Expectant management of PPROM and major complications before planned delivery: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract Women with pre-term pre-labour rupture of membranes (PPROM) 22–33 weeks’ gestation were included in a retrospective cohort study with a structured audit to identify risk factors of major complications following PPROM and to assess whether these complications are predictable. Of the 234 women analysed, 106 (45%) delivered within three days. Eighty-four women (36%) had at least one major complication and 45% of these complications occurred within three days. The complication rate was 64% in early PPROM before 28 weeks’ gestation and 11% in late PPROM at 28 weeks’ gestation or later. Nulliparous women had an increased risk of major complications (adjusted hazards ratio: 3.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.28–7.37)). The complication rates were highest in early PPROM and during the first three days after PPROM. Multiparous women with late PPROM, who do not deliver within the first three days, have the lowest risk of major complications and are suitable for home care.
To DFM or not to DFM?

Design for manufacturability (DFM) is inevitable because of the formidable challenges encountered in nano-scale integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing. Unfortunately, it is difficult for designers to understand the cost-benefit tradeoff when tuning their design through DFM to achieve better manufacturability. This work attempts to assist the designer in this aspect by providing a methodology (called RADAR — Rule Assessment of Defect-Affected Regions) which uses failing-IC diagnosis results to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of DFM rules. RADAR is applied to the fail data from a 90nm Nvidia graphics processing unit (GPU) to demonstrate its viability. Specifically, evaluation of the via-enclosure rules revealed that they are much more needed in metal layers 3-6 than the remaining layers.
Disturbed Clockwork Resetting in Sharp-1 and Sharp-2 Single and Double Mutant Mice

Background The circadian system provides the basis to anticipate and cope with daily recurrent challenges to maintain the organisms' homeostasis. De-synchronization of circadian feedback oscillators in humans causes ‘jet lag’, likely contributes to sleep - , psychiatric - , metabolic disorders and even cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the disintegration of tissue-specific clocks are complex and not well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Based on their circadian expression and cell culture experiments, the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors SHARP-1(Dec2) and SHARP-2(Stra13/Dec1) were proposed as novel negative regulators of the molecular clock. To address their function in vivo, we generated Sharp-1 and Sharp-2 single and double mutant mice. Our experiments reveal critical roles for both factors in regulating period length, tissue-specific control of clock gene expression and entrainment to external cues. Light-pulse experiments and rapid delays of the light-dark cycle (experimental jet lag) unravel complementary functions for SHARP-1 and SHARP-2 in controlling activity phase resetting kinetics. Moreover, we show that SHARP-1 and 2 can serve dual functions as repressors and co-activators of mammalian clock gene expression in a context-specific manner. This correlates with increased amplitudes of Per2 expression in the cortex and liver and a decrease in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of double mutant mice. Conclusions/Significance The existence of separate mechanisms regulating phase of entrainment, rhythm amplitude and period length has been postulated before. The differential effects of Sharp-deficiency on rhythmicity and behavioral re-entrainment, coupled to tissue-dependent regulatory functions, provide a new mechanistic basis to further understand the complex process of clock synchronizations.
Treatment acceptability of NCAA division I student-athletes : factors affecting athletes' attitudes toward sport psychology consultants

Title of Thesis: TREATMENT ACCEPTABILITY OF NCAA DIVISION I STUDENT ATHLETES: FACTORS AFFECTING ATHLETES' ATTITUDES TOWARD SPORT PSYCHOLOGY CONSULTANTS Michael Hamberger, Master of Arts, Department of Kinesiology, 2004 Thesis directed by: Dr. Seppo Iso-Ahola (advisor) Dr. Ang Chen Dr. Brad Hatfield Consultations with sport psychologists can be a result of a coach implementing a sport psychology intervention for an athlete or team, or athletes personally choosing to utilize such services. The present study attempted to identify factors that could best predict an athlete’s attitudes toward sport psychology consultants (SPCs). It was reasoned, following the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1988), that positive attitudes toward SPCs would create more of an incentive for an athlete to utilize the services of a sport psychologist. Student-athletes (N = 204) from a large university participated in the study. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that gender, sport type, and knowledge about sport psychology were the significant predictors of athletes’ attitudes. Implications for the applied field of sport psychology are made, specifically, that SPCs should discover ways to increase treatment acceptability in male and team-sport athletes, as well as increase athletes’ knowledge about the benefits and services of sport psychologists. TREATMENT ACCEPTABILITY OF NCAA DIVISION I STUDENT -ATHLETES: FACTORS AFFECTING ATHLETES' ATTITUDES TOWARD SPORT PSYCHOLOGY CONSULTANTS by Michael Hamberger Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2004
Kearns Sayre syndrome: neuroimaging findings in 8 cases

Poster: "ECR 2017 / C-3010 / Kearns Sayre syndrome: neuroimaging findings in 8 cases" by: "L. Pasquini, M. C. Rossi Espagnet, S. Stagliano, A. Napolitano, C. Dionisi Vici, D. Diodato, M. Catteruccia, D. Longo; Rome/IT"
Hyperplane Clustering via Dual Principal Component Pursuit

We extend the theoretical analysis of a recently proposed single subspace learning algorithm, called Dual Principal Component Pursuit (DPCP), to the case where the data are drawn from of a union of hyperplanes. To gain insight into the properties of the $\ell_1$ non-convex problem associated with DPCP, we develop a geometric analysis of a closely related continuous optimization problem. Then transferring this analysis to the discrete problem, our results state that as long as the hyperplanes are sufficiently separated, the dominant hyperplane is sufficiently dominant and the points are uniformly distributed inside the associated hyperplanes, then the non-convex DPCP problem has a unique global solution, equal to the normal vector of the dominant hyperplane. This suggests the correctness of a sequential hyperplane learning algorithm based on DPCP. A thorough experimental evaluation reveals that hyperplane learning schemes based on DPCP dramatically improve over the state-of-the-art methods for the case of synthetic data, while are competitive to the state-of-the-art in the case of 3D plane clustering for Kinect data.
Shared Internal Models for Feedforward and Feedback Control

A child often learns to ride a bicycle in the driveway, free of unforeseen obstacles. Yet when she first rides in the street, we hope that if a car suddenly pulls out in front of her, she will combine her innate goal of avoiding an accident with her learned knowledge of the bicycle, and steer away or brake. In general, when we train to perform a new motor task, our learning is most robust if it updates the rules of online error correction to reflect the rules and goals of the new task. Here we provide direct evidence that, after a new feedforward motor adaptation, motor feedback responses to unanticipated errors become precisely task appropriate, even when such errors were never experienced during training. To study this ability, we asked how, if at all, do online responses to occasional, unanticipated force pulses during reaching arm movements change after adapting to altered arm dynamics? Specifically, do they change in a task-appropriate manner? In our task, subjects learned novel velocity-dependent dynamics. However, occasional force-pulse perturbations produced unanticipated changes in velocity. Therefore, after adaptation, task-appropriate responses to unanticipated pulses should compensate corresponding changes in velocity-dependent dynamics. We found that after adaptation, pulse responses precisely compensated these changes, although they were never trained to do so. These results provide evidence for a smart feedback controller which automatically produces responses specific to the learned dynamics of the current task. To accomplish this, the neural processes underlying feedback control must (1) be capable of accurate real-time state prediction for velocity via a forward model and (2) have access to recently learned changes in internal models of limb dynamics.
Transgenic Expression of MicroRNA-185 Causes a Developmental Arrest of T Cells by Targeting Multiple Genes Including Mzb1*

Background: MicroRNAs have critical roles in T cell development under normal and stress conditions. Results: Increasing miR-185 levels attenuate T cell development via the targeting of Mzb1, Nfatc3, and Camk4. Conclusion: Elevations in miR-185 impair thymopoiesis at several developmental stages. Significance: miR-185 levels are reduced in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients and the identification of its gene targets is clinically informative. miR-185 is a microRNA (miR) that targets Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cells, with reductions in miR-185 linked to B cell autoantibody production. In hippocampal neurons, miR-185 targets both sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 and a novel Golgi inhibitor. This miR is haploinsufficient in 90–95% of individuals with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, patients who can present with immune, cardiac, and parathyroid problems, learning disorders, and a high incidence of schizophrenia in adults. The reduced levels of miR-185 in neurons cause presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Many of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients have a thymic hypoplasia, which results in a peripheral T cell lymphopenia and unusual T helper cell skewing. The molecular targets of miR-185 in thymocytes are unknown. Using an miR-185 T cell transgenic approach, increasing levels of miR-185 attenuated T cell development at the T cell receptor β (TCRβ) selection checkpoint and during positive selection. This caused a peripheral T cell lymphopenia. Mzb1, Nfatc3, and Camk4 were identified as novel miR-185 targets. Elevations in miR-185 enhanced TCR-dependent intracellular calcium levels, whereas a knockdown of miR-185 diminished these calcium responses. These effects concur with reductions in Mzb1, an endoplasmic reticulum calcium regulator. Consistent with their haploinsufficiency of miR-185, Mzb1 levels were elevated in thymocyte extracts from several 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients. Our findings indicate that miR-185 regulates T cell development through its targeting of several mRNAs including Mzb1.
Translating Questions to SQL Queries with Generative Parsers Discriminatively Reranked

In this paper, we define models for automatically translating a factoid question in natural language to an SQL query that retrieves the correct answer from a target relational database (DB). We exploit the DB structure to generate a set of candidate SQL queries, which we rerank with an SVM-ranker based on tree kernels. In particular, in the generation phase, we use (i) lexical dependencies in the question and (ii) the DB metadata, to build a set of plausible SELECT, WHERE and FROM clauses enriched with meaningful joins. We combine the clauses by means of rules and a heuristic weighting scheme, which allows for generating a ranked list of candidate SQL queries. This approach can be recursively applied to deal with complex questions, requiring nested SELECT instructions. Finally, we apply the reranker to reorder the list of question and SQL candidate pairs, whose members are represented as syntactic trees. The F1 of our model derived on standard benchmarks, 87% on the first question, is in line with the best models using external and expensive hand-crafted resources such as the question meaning interpretation. Moreover, our system shows a Recall of the correct answer of about 94% and 98% on the first 2 and 5 candidates, respectively. This is an interesting outcome considering that we only need pairs of questions and answers concerning a target DB (no SQL query is needed) to train our model.
USING MAIMONIDES’ RULE TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECT OF CLASS SIZE ON SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT*

The twelfth century rabbinic scholar Maimonides proposed a maximum class size of 40. This same maximum induces a nonlinear and nonmonotonic relationship between grade enrollment and class size in Israeli public schools today. Maimonides’ rule of 40 is used here to construct instrumental variables estimates of effects of class size on test scores. The resulting identication strategy can be viewed as an application of Donald Campbell’s regression-discontinuity design to the class-size question. The estimates show that reducing class size induces a signicant and substantial increase in test scores for fourth and fth graders, although not for third graders.
RBSP3 is frequently altered in premalignant cervical lesions: Clinical and prognostic significance

To understand the importance of frequent deletion of 3p22.3 in cervical carcinogenesis, alterations (deletion/methylation/expression) of the candidate genes STAC, MLH1, ITGA9, and RBSP3, located in the region, were analyzed in 24 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 137 uterine cervical carcinoma (CACX) samples. In CIN, RBSP3 deletion (48%) and methylation (26%) were high compared with the other genes (4–9%). In CACX, alterations of these genes were as follows: deletion: STAC (54%) > MLH1 (46%) > RBSP3 (45%) > ITGA9 (41%), methylation: RBSP3 (25%) > ITGA9 (24%) > STAC (19%) > MLH1 (13%). Overall, alterations of RBSP3 showed association with CIN, whereas for STAC and MLH1, this frequency increased significantly from CIN → Stage I/II and for ITGA9 from CIN → Stage I/II and also from Stage I/II → Stage III/IV. Quantitative mRNA expression analysis showed differential reduced expression of these genes in CACX concordant to their molecular alterations. The more active RBSP3B splice variant was underexpressed in CACX. RB1 was infrequently deleted in CACX. Concordance was seen between (i) inactivation of RBSP3 and intense p‐RB1 nuclear immunostaining and (ii) low/absence of MLH1 expression and its molecular alterations in CACX. In normal cervical epithelium, p‐RB1 immunostaining was low in differentiated cells, whereas MLH1 staining was seen in both nucleus and cytoplasm irrespective of differentiation stage. Alterations of the genes were significantly associated with poor prognosis. High parity (≥5)/early sexual debut (≤19 years) coupled with RBSP3 alterations/RB1 deletion predicted worst prognosis. Thus, inactivation of RBSP3 might be one of the early events in cervical carcinogenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interpersonal Perceptions and Metaperceptions

This article aims to systematize and develop humanistic practice by considering the implications of adopting an experiential stance to working within the “interexperiential” realm: the interface between one person's experiences and those of another. Psychological theory and research are used to develop an understanding of how people perceive, and misperceive, others' experiences, and implications for practice are discussed, particularly the need to encourage clients to test out their assumptions about others' experiences and to communicate more transparently their own. The article then focuses on the issue of “metaperceptions”— how one person perceives another person as perceiving him or her and his or her experiences—and again argues that people often make significant errors in their judgments. Implications for practice are discussed, with a particular emphasis on using appropriate self-disclosure to deliberately challenge clients' metaperceptual errors. In the conclusion, the proposed interexperiential practices are presented as specific process—experiential tasks.
A parallel search algorithm for CLNS addition optimization

We present analytical formulas for the calculation of the memory requirements for a system using the complex logarithmic number system (CLNS). Certain properties of the CLNS addition algorithm allow replacement of a large memory by smaller multiple memories and combinational circuitry. The multiple memories combined with a parallel search algorithm offer memory savings up to 90% at the cost of extra hardware. However, depending on the particular case, there is a tradeoff between memory and combinational logic used
Effect of coloured shade-nets on plant leaf parameters and tomato fruit quality.

BACKGROUND The concept of photo-selective netting using commercial cultivation practices was studied in a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Vedetta') summer cultivation in south Serbia (under high solar radiation 910 W m(-2) , with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 1661 µmol m(-2) s(-1) ), under four different coloured shade-nets (pearl, red, blue and black) with 40% relative shading. The aim of the study was to determine how different environmental control technologies (coloured shade-nets as screen house or plastic-house integrated with coloured shade-nets) could influence plant parameters, production and quality traits in tomato fruits cultivated in south Serbia (Balkan region). RESULTS The leaf area index (LAI) ranged from 4.6 to 5.8 in open field and plastic tunnels plants (control) with maximum LAI values of 7.9-8.2 in net houses with red colour nets. Shade-grown leaves generally have higher total chlorophyll and carotenoids content than do control leaves. Pericarp thickness was significantly higher tomatoes grown under pearl (7.215.82 µm), red (7099.00 µm) and blue nets (6802.29 µm) compared to other treatments and to control (6202.48 µm). The highest concentration of lycopene was detected in tomatoes grown in plastic houses integrated with red colour nets (64.9 µg g(-1) fresh weight). The plastic house and open field (control) tomato production had a taste index mean value of 1.09-1.10. This is significantly higher than the values determined for the treatments with different coloured shade-nets. CONCLUSION These results show that red and pearl photo-selective nets create optimal growing conditions for the growth of the plant and produce fruits with thicker pericarp, the highest lycopene content, a satisfactory level of taste index and can be further implemented within protected cultivation practices.
REDEFINE: Runtime reconfigurable polymorphic ASIC

Emerging embedded applications are based on evolving standards (e.g., MPEG2/4, H.264/265, IEEE802.11a/b/g/n). Since most of these applications run on handheld devices, there is an increasing need for a single chip solution that can dynamically interoperate between different standards and their derivatives. In order to achieve high resource utilization and low power dissipation, we propose REDEFINE, a polymorphic ASIC in which specialized hardware units are replaced with basic hardware units that can create the same functionality by runtime re-composition. It is a “future-proof” custom hardware solution for multiple applications and their derivatives in a domain. In this article, we describe a compiler framework and supporting hardware comprising compute, storage, and communication resources. Applications described in high-level language (e.g., C) are compiled into application substructures. For each application substructure, a set of compute elements on the hardware are interconnected during runtime to form a pattern that closely matches the communication pattern of that particular application. The advantage is that the bounded CEs are neither processor cores nor logic elements as in FPGAs. Hence, REDEFINE offers the power and performance advantage of an ASIC and the hardware reconfigurability and programmability of that of an FPGA/instruction set processor. In addition, the hardware supports custom instruction pipelining. Existing instruction-set extensible processors determine a sequence of instructions that repeatedly occur within the application to create custom instructions at design time to speed up the execution of this sequence. We extend this scheme further, where a kernel is compiled into custom instructions that bear strong producer-consumer relationship (and not limited to frequently occurring sequences of instructions). Custom instructions, realized as hardware compositions effected at runtime, allow several instances of the same to be active in parallel. A key distinguishing factor in majority of the emerging embedded applications is stream processing. To reduce the overheads of data transfer between custom instructions, direct communication paths are employed among custom instructions. In this article, we present the overview of the hardware-aware compiler framework, which determines the NoC-aware schedule of transports of the data exchanged between the custom instructions on the interconnect. The results for the FFT kernel indicate a 25% reduction in the number of loads/stores, and throughput improves by log(n) for n-point FFT when compared to sequential implementation. Overall, REDEFINE offers flexibility and a runtime reconfigurability at the expense of 1.16× in power and 8× in area when compared to an ASIC. REDEFINE implementation consumes 0.1× the power of an FPGA implementation. In addition, the configuration overhead of the FPGA implementation is 1,000× more than that of REDEFINE.