Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community Detection in Networks with Node Features

Many methods have been proposed for community detection in networks, but most of them do not take into account additional information on the nodes that is often available in practice. In this paper, we propose a new joint community detection criterion that uses both the network edge information and the node features to detect community structures. One advantage our method has over existing joint detection approaches is the flexibility of learning the impact of different features which may differ across communities. Another advantage is the flexibility of choosing the amount of influence the feature information has on communities. The method is asymptotically consistent under the block model with additional assumptions on the feature distributions, and performs well on simulated and real networks.
Ju n 20 01 On a possible GRB-supernova time sequence

The data from the Chandra satellite on the iron emission lines in the afterglow of GRB 991216 are used to give further support for the EMBH theory, which links the origin of the energy of GRBs to the extractable energy of electromagnetic black holes (EMBHs), leading to an interpretation of the GRB-supernova correlation. Following the relative space-time transformation (RSTT) paradigm and the interpretation of the burst structure (IBS) paradigm, we introduce a paradigm for the correlation between GRBs and supernovae. The following sequence of events is shown as kinematically possible and consistent with the available data: a) the GRB-progenitor star P1 first collapses to an EMBH, b) the proper GRB (P-GRB) and the peak of the afterglow (E-APE) propagate in interstellar space until the impact on a supernova-progenitor star P2 at a distance ≤ 2.69× 10 cm, and they induce the supernova explosion, c) the accelerated baryonic matter (ABM) pulse, originating the afterglow, reaches the supernova remnants 18.5 hours after the supernova explosion and gives rise to the iron emission lines. Some considerations on the dynamical implementation of the paradigm are presented. The concept of induced supernova explosion introduced here specifically for the GRB-supernova correlation may have more general application in relativistic astrophysics. Subject headings: black holes, gamma ray bursts, supernovae We have seen in the previous two letters how the fit of the data from the RXTE (Corbet & Smith 2000) and Chandra (Piro et al. 2000) satellites on the afterglow of the GRB 991216 offers a tool to determine the only two free parameters of the EMBH theory. This theory links the energy source of GRBs to the electromagnetic mass energy of black holes (Christodoulou & Ruffini 1971). We have also seen how this theory has consequences for the interpretation of the structure of GRBs (the IBS paradigm, see Ruffini et al. 2001b). The same analysis also yields information about the density and overall distribution of ruffini@icra.it the baryonic matter in the remnant left over from the gravitational collapse of the GRB-progenitor star to an EMBH, see Ruffini et al. (2001a) and Ruffini et al. (2001b), and see also Ruffini et al. (2001g). Similarly it allows one to probe the density distribution of the interstellar matter around the newly formed EMBH (see e.g. Ruffini (2001); Ruffini et al. (2001e)). The aim of this letter is to point out that the data on the iron lines from the Chandra satellite on the GRB 991216 (Piro et al. 2000) and similar observations from other sources (Piro et al. 1999; Amati et al. 2000; Piro et al. 2000) make it possible to extend this analysis to a larger distance
Whole-Tumor Perfusion CT Parameters and Glucose Metabolism Measurements in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Pilot Study Using Combined Positron-Emission Tomography/CT Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous (separately performed) perfusion CT (PCT) and PET studies have been inconclusive regarding the correlation of functional tumor characteristics. The purpose of this study was to perform dual assessment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCAs) to examine the relationship between perfusion measurements derived from PCT and glucose standardized uptake values (SUV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 15 primary and recurrent SCCAs using combined positron-emission tomography (PET) and CT of the head and neck. SUVmean, SUVmax, blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability (PS) values were calculated with use of manually drawn regions of interest (ROIs) over the lesions and the healthy muscle tissue. Parametric comparison test, correlation coefficients, and regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: The mean (± SD) SUVmean, SUVmax, BF, BV, MTT, and PS values in the tumor tissue were 6.26 (± 1.48), 15.25 (± 3.81), 91.50 (± 24.69), 5.08 (± 1.17), 7.51 (± 2.24), and 23.08 (± 8.77), respectively. All PET/CT and PCT parameters of muscle versus tumor tissue were statistically different (.0001 < P < .001). There were significant correlations between BF and SUVmax as well as SUVmean (r = 0.57; P = .02 and r = 0.63; P = .011, respectively) in the tumors. Significant correlation was also found between PS and SUVmean (r = 0.53; P = .04) in the tumors. Regression analysis showed: SUVmax = 0.09 × BF + 7.2 (R2 = 0.33; P = .02), SUVmean = 0.05 × BF + 2.22 (R2 = 0.45; P = .011), and SUVmean = 0.05 × PS + 5.36 (R2 = 0.35; P = .04). The tumor to nontumor (muscle) SUVmean and SUVmax ratio was 9.45 (± 3.55) and 17.58 (± 4.32), respectively. BF-ratio SUVmean and BF-ratio SUVmax showed significant correlations (r = 0.64; P = .01 and r = 0.53; P = .04, respectively). Regression analysis showed ratio SUVmean = 0.14 × BF-3.48 (R2 = 0.42; P = .01) and ratio SUVmax = 0.14 × BF + 4.51 (R2 = 0.29; P = .04). CONCLUSION: Tissue perfusion-metabolic coupling is evident in head and neck SCCAs and may provide additional diagnostic information in patients undergoing PET/CT studies.
Regulation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E by Converging Signaling Pathways during Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Depression

Long-term depression (LTD) is an activity-dependent decrease in synaptic efficacy that can be induced in hippocampal area CA1 by pharmacological application of the selective group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist 3,5-diyhroxyphenylglycine (DHPG). Recent work has demonstrated that DHPG-induced LTD recruits at least two signal transduction pathways known to couple to translation, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. However, it remains unclear which translation factors are engaged by these two signaling pathways during mGluR-LTD. In this study, we investigated whether the group I mGluRs couple to the cap-dependent translation proteins: Mnk1, eIF4E, and 4E-BP. We found that both the MEK–ERK and PI3K–mTOR signaling pathways are critical for the DHPG-induced regulation of these translation factors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increasing eIF4F complex availability via the genetic elimination of 4E-BP2 can enhance the degree of LTD achieved by DHPG application in an ERK-dependent manner. Our results provide direct evidence that cap-dependent translation is engaged during mGluR-LTD and demonstrate that the MEK–ERK and PI3K–mTOR signaling pathways converge to regulate eIF4E activity after induction of DHPG-LTD.
Contrasting Patterns in Crop Domestication and Domestication Rates: Recent Archaeobotanical Insights from the Old World

Background Archaeobotany, the study of plant remains from sites of ancient human activity, provides data for studying the initial evolution of domesticated plants. An important background to this is defining the domestication syndrome, those traits by which domesticated plants differ from wild relatives. These traits include features that have been selected under the conditions of cultivation. From archaeological remains the easiest traits to study are seed size and in cereal crops the loss of natural seed dispersal. Scope The rate at which these features evolved and the ordering in which they evolved can now be documented for a few crops of Asia and Africa. This paper explores this in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) from the Near East, rice (Oryza sativa) from China, mung (Vigna radiata) and urd (Vigna mungo) beans from India, and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) from west Africa. Brief reference is made to similar data on lentils (Lens culinaris), peas (Pisum sativum), soybean (Glycine max) and adzuki bean (Vigna angularis). Available quantitative data from archaeological finds are compiled to explore changes with domestication. The disjunction in cereals between seed size increase and dispersal is explored, and rates at which these features evolved are estimated from archaeobotanical data. Contrasts between crops, especially between cereals and pulses, are examined. Conclusions These data suggest that in domesticated grasses, changes in grain size and shape evolved prior to non-shattering ears or panicles. Initial grain size increases may have evolved during the first centuries of cultivation, within perhaps 500–1000 years. Non-shattering infructescences were much slower, becoming fixed about 1000–2000 years later. This suggests a need to reconsider the role of sickle harvesting in domestication. Pulses, by contrast, do not show evidence for seed size increase in relation to the earliest cultivation, and seed size increase may be delayed by 2000–4000 years. This implies that conditions that were sufficient to select for larger seed size in Poaceae were not sufficient in Fabaceae. It is proposed that animal-drawn ploughs (or ards) provided the selection pressure for larger seeds in legumes. This implies different thresholds of selective pressure, for example in relation to differing seed ontogenetics and underlying genetic architecture in these families. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) may show some similarities to the pulses in terms of a lag-time before truly larger-grained forms evolved.
Brain Activation during Masked and Unmasked Semantic Priming: Commonalities and Differences

Using fMRI during a lexical decision task, we investigated the neural correlates of semantic priming under masked and unmasked prime presentation conditions in a repeated measurement design of the same group of 24 participants (14 women). The task was to discriminate between pseudowords and words. Masked and unmasked prime words differed in their degree of semantic relatedness with target stimuli. Neural correlates of priming were defined as significantly different neural activations upon semantically unrelated minus related trials. Left fusiform gyrus, left posterior inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral pre-SMA showed priming effects independent of the masking condition. By contrast, bilateral superior temporal gyri, superior parietal lobules, and the SMA proper demonstrated greater neural priming in the unmasked compared with the masked condition. The inverted contrast (masked priming minus unmasked priming) did not show significant differences even at lowered thresholds of significance. The conjoint effects of priming in the left fusiform gyrus suggest its involvement as a direct consequence of the neural organization of semantic memory. Activity in brain regions showing significantly more neural priming in the unmasked condition possibly reflected participants' evaluation of the prime–target relationship, presumably in the context of semantic matching. The present results therefore indicate that masked and unmasked semantic priming partially depend on dissociable mechanisms at the neural and most likely also at the functional level.
Temperature-Constrained Feasibility Analysis for Multicore Scheduling

Multicore platforms are becoming the primary choice to achieve high performance in today's embedded system design. However, under the current IC technology, the dramatic increase in power density has made the thermal issue a critical concern in design of multicore systems. In this paper, we study the problem on how to determine if a periodic dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) schedule for a multicore platform is thermally feasible in satisfying a given peak temperature constraint. To solve this problem, we first develop a novel analytic method to quickly calculate the temperature at an arbitrary time instant, which can achieve orders-of-magnitude speedups over the HotSpot simulator. We then present an approach to pinpoint the peak temperature of a given periodic multicore DVFS schedule. Finally, we develop three methods to check the thermal feasibility of an arbitrary schedule. We formally prove the fundamental principles and validity of our proposed methods and use simulation results to demonstrate their effectiveness.
Endosomal Compartments Serve Multiple Hippocampal Dendritic Spines from a Widespread Rather Than a Local Store of Recycling Membrane

Endosomes are essential to dendritic and synaptic function in sorting membrane proteins for degradation or recycling, yet little is known about their locations near synapses. Here, serial electron microscopy was used to ascertain the morphology and distribution of all membranous intracellular compartments in distal dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in juvenile and adult rats. First, the continuous network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was traced throughout dendritic segments and their spines. SER occupied the cortex of the dendritic shaft and extended into 14% of spines. Several types of non-SER compartments were then identified, including clathrin-coated vesicles and pits, large uncoated vesicles, tubular compartments, multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and MVB–tubule complexes. The uptake of extracellular gold particles indicated that these compartments were endosomal in origin. Small, round vesicles and pits that did not contain gold were also identified. The tubular compartments exhibited clathrin-coated tips consistent with the genesis of these small, presumably exosomal vesicles. Approximately 70% of the non-SER compartments were located within or at the base of dendritic spines. Overall, only 29% of dendritic spines had endosomal compartments, whereas 20% contained small vesicles. Small vesicles did not colocalize in spines with endosomes or SER. Three-dimensional reconstructions revealed that up to 20 spines shared a recycling pool of plasmalemmal proteins rather than maintaining independent stores at each spine.
Prenatal Organophosphates Exposure Alternates the Cleavage Plane Orientation of Apical Neural Progenitor in Developing Neocortex

Prenatal organophosphate exposure elicits long-term brain cytoarchitecture and cognitive function impairments, but the mechanism underlying the onset and development of neural progenitors remain largely unclear. Using precise positioned brain slices, we observed an alternated cleavage plane bias that emerged in the mitotic neural progenitors of embryonal neocortex with diazinion (DZN) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) pretreatment. In comparison with the control, DZN and CPF treatment induced decrease of vertical orientation, increase of oblique orientation, and increase of horizontal orientation. That is, the cleavage plane orientation bias had been rotated from vertical to horizontal after DZN and CPF treatment. Meanwhile, general morphology and mitotic index of the progenitors were unchanged. Acephate (ACP), another common organophosphate, had no significant effects on the cleavage plane orientation, cell morphology and mitotic index. These results represent direct evidence for the toxicity mechanism in onset multiplication of neural progenitors.
Rheology of a suspension of elastic particles in a viscous shear flow

Abstract In this paper we consider a suspension of elastic solid particles in a viscous liquid. The particles are assumed to be neo-Hookean and can undergo finite elastic deformations. A polarization technique, originally developed for analogous problems in linear elasticity, is used to establish a theory for describing the finite-strain, time-dependent response of an ellipsoidal elastic particle in a viscous fluid flow under Stokes flow conditions. A set of coupled, nonlinear, first-order ODEs is obtained for the evolution of the uniform stress fields in the particle, as well as for the shape and orientation of the particle, which can in turn be used to characterize the rheology of a dilute suspension of elastic particles in a shear flow. When applied to a suspension of cylindrical particles with initially circular cross-section, the theory confirms the existence of steady-state solutions, which can be given simple analytical expressions. The two-dimensional, steady-state solutions for the particle shape and orientation, as well as for the effective viscosity and normal stress differences in the suspension, are in excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations of multiple-particle dispersions in a shear flow obtained by using an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) finite element method (FEM) solver. The corresponding solutions for the evolution of the microstructure and the rheological properties of suspensions of initially spherical (three-dimensional) particles in a simple shear flow are also obtained, and compared with the results of Roscoe (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 28, 1967, pp. 273–293) in the steady-state regime. Interestingly, the results show that sufficiently soft elastic particles can be used to reduce the effective viscosity of the suspension (relative to that of the pure fluid).
The distance to the Leo I dwarf spheroidal galaxy from the red giant branch tip

We present V and I photometry of a 9.4 × 9.4 arcmin 2 field centred on the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Leo I. The I magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch (RGB) is robustly estimated from two different data sets (I TRGB = 17.97 +0.05 −0.03 ). From this estimate, adopting [M/H] �− 1.2 from the comparison of RGB stars with Galactic templates, we obtain a distance modulus (m − M)0 = 22.02 ± 0.13, corresponding to a distance D = 254 +16 −19 kpc. Ke yw ords: stars: Population II ‐ galaxies: distances and redshifts ‐ Local Group.
The Political Economy of Labor Subsidies

We explore a political-economy model of labor subsidies, extending Meltzer and Richard's median-voter model to a dynamic setting. We explore only one source of heterogeneity: initial wealth. As a consequence, given an operative wealth effect, poorer agents work harder, and if the agent with median wealth is poorer than average, a politico-economic equilibrium will feature a subsidy to labor. The dynamic model does not have capital, but it has perfect markets for borrowing and lending. This means that another channel appears: tax rates influence interest rates, and this is another channel for redistribution, since a decrease in current interest rates favors agents with below-average wealth. By the same token---and as is typically the case in dynamic politico-economic models with rational agents---the setting features time-inconsistency: the median voter would like to commit not to manipulate interest rates in the future. We define a time-consistent politico-economic equilibrium without commitment as a Markov-perfect equilibrium of a dynamic game between consecutive median voters. We rely on utility functions consistent with aggregation, and we show that, for arbitrary wealth distributions, politico-economic equilibria deliver tax outcomes as a function of a single state variable: median wealth. We use the first-order condition of the median voter to characterize equilibrium. For a parametric example, we study in some detail, both in infinite- and short-horizon contexts, and using a combination of analytical and numerical results, how tax rates and inequality are determined over time
HIGH RESOLUTION OCEAN SURFACE WIND FIELDS RETRIEVED FROM SPACEBORNE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS OPERATING AT C-BAND

This paper introduces algorithms designed to retrieve high-resolution ocean surface wind fields from satellite borne synthetic aperture radars (SARs) operating in C-band at either vertical (VV) or horizontal (HH) polarization in transmit and receive. Wind directions are extracted from wind induced streaks that are visible in SAR images at scales above 200 m and that are approximately in line with the mean surface wind direction. To extract the orientation of these streaks two algorithms are introduced, which are applied either in the spatial or spectral domain. Wind speeds are derived from the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) and image geometry of the calibrated SAR images, together with the local SARretrieved wind direction. Therefore several C-band models (CMOD4, CMOD IFR2, and CMOD5) are available which were developed for VV polarization and have been extended for HH polarization. To compare the different algorithms and C-band models and demonstrate their applicability, SAR retrieved wind fields are compared to numerical model results considering SAR data from the European satellite ERS-2 and ENVISAT.
Cognitive-neurophysiological markers of ADHD : developmental pathways and comparison with bipolar disorder

2 Statement of authorship . 3 Publications relevant to this thesis . 4 Acknowledgments . 6 Table of contents . 7 Table of figures . 15 Table of tables . 17 CHAPTER 1 Introduction . 19 1.1 Abstract . 19 1.2 Introduction to ADHD . 19 1.2.1 Diagnosis and symptoms of ADHD . 20 1.2.1.1 Categorical and dimensional approaches . 22 1.2.1.2 Parent-, teacherand self-reports . 23 1.2.2 Epidemiology. 24 1.2.2.1 Prevalence . 24 1.2.2. 2 Developmental presentations and trajectories of ADHD . 25 1.2.2.3 Gender differences . 26 1.2.2.4 Co-occurring symptoms and disorders . 28 1.2.3 Aetiology of ADHD . 29 1.2.3.1 Quantitative genetic studies . 29 1.2.3.2 Molecular genetic studies . 31 1.2.3.3 Environmental risk . 32 1.2.3.4 Gene-environment interplay . 32 1.2.4 Treatments for ADHD . 33 1.2. 5 Summary . 34 1.3 Cognitive and neurophysiological impairments in ADHD . 34
A systematic approach for rapid 3D reconstruction from photosets

We present an interactive framework for rapid 3D reconstruction of objects from sets of photographs. Our framework implements advanced 2D image-based modeling techniques that accurately compute geometries of digital photorealistic 3D models in a rapid and robust method. It is implemented in an application tool to assist users to perform feature detection, matching and meshing. Our system demonstrates that with a few user's intervention through our application tool, efficient generation of 3D object models can be generated from a set of photos.
Glass Patterns: Some Contrast Effects Re-Evaluated

The relative contrast of features is known to be important in determining if they can be grouped. Two manipulations of feature contrast have previously been used to criticise models of visual grouping based on spatial filtering: high-pass filtering and reversal of contrast polarity. The effects of these manipulations are considered in the context of the perception of Glass patterns. It is shown that high-pass filtering elements, whilst destroying structure in the output of low-pass filters, do not significantly disrupt the output of locally band-pass filters. The finding that subjects can perceive structure in Glass patterns composed of high-pass features therefore offers no evidence against such spatial filtering mechanisms. Band-pass filtering models are shown to explain the rotation of perceived structure in Glass patterns composed of opposite contrast features. However, structure is correctly perceived in patterns composed of two ‘interleaved’ opposite contrast patterns, which is problematic for oriented filtering mechanisms. Two possible explanations are considered: nonlinear contrast transduction prior to filtering, and integration of local orientation estimates from first-order and second-order mechanisms.