Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EOT of 0.62 nm and High Electron Mobility in La-silicate/Si Structure Based nMOSFETs Achieved by Utilizing Metal-Inserted Poly-Si Stacks and Annealing at High Temperature

This paper reports on the control of the direct-contact La-silicate/Si interface structure with the aim of achieving scaled equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and small interface state density. The interface state density at the direct-contact La-silicate/Si interface is found to be reduced to 1.6 × 1011 cm-2eV-1 by annealing at 800 °C for 30 min in forming gas ambient, whereas excess silicate reaction concurrently induced a significant increase in EOT. By utilizing metal-inserted poly-Si (MIPS) stacks and their annealing at high temperature, the increase in EOT is drastically suppressed. At the same time, a superior interfacial property is obtained because the Si layer in the MIPS stacks prevents the excess oxygen diffusion from the atmosphere during the annealing process. As a result, the effective electron mobility of 155 cm2/V·s at 1 MV/cm and an EOT of 0.62 nm are successfully achieved by utilizing direct-contact La-silicate/Si structure. This result is comparable with the recorded effective electron mobility achieved by utilizing Hf-based oxides/Si structure. This demonstrates the advantage of our proposed method to realize the scaled EOT with a superior interfacial property for state-of-the-art metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.
The Contribution of Arabidopsis Homologs of L-Gulono-1,4-lactone Oxidase to the Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid

To clarify the involvement of seven Arabidopsis homologs of rat L-gulono-1,4-lactone (L-GulL) oxidase, AtGulLOs, in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), transgenic tobacco cells overexpressing the various AtGulLOs were generated. Under treatment with L-GulL, the levels of total AsA in three transgenic tobacco cell lines, overexpressing AtGulLO2, 3, or 5, were significantly increased as compared with those in control cells.
Cascading activation from phonological planning to articulatory processes: Evidence from tongue twisters

Research into spoken word production has often focused on the interaction of lexical selection processes and phonological planning. Less attention has been given to the relationship between phonological planning and articulatory processes. The current study considers evidence from the tongue-twister paradigm to investigate such potential interactions. Acoustic analyses of various parameters of obstruents voicing in tongue twister productions show that errors induced in tongue twisters leave acoustic “traces” of the intended target. For example, the voice-onset time of “k”→[g] error tokens had a mean VOT that was longer than correctly produced “g”→[g] tokens, reflecting a trace of the voiceless [k] target. This effect is attributed to the cascade of partially activated phonological representations of the target consonant into articulatory processes. Consistent with this account, a post-hoc analysis revealed an additional influence of cascading activation from word-level processes; traces of the target were reduced in word outcomes relative to nonword outcomes. Finally, extension of these analyses to a set of secondary cues to obstruent voicing showed that non-local cues are not influenced by tongue twister production errors.
KETERLIBATAN KERJA SEBAGAI PEMEDIASI PENGARUH KEPRIBADIAN PROAKTIF DAN PERSEPSI DUKUNGAN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA

This study examined proactive personality effect and perceived organizational support on job satisfac-tion with job involvement as a mediator variable, using data 200 employees. The results showed proactive personality and perceived organizational support in a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction through job involvement. Theoretical implications supported the theory and existing researches. Managerial implications suggested the organization to consider proactive personality and perceptions of organizational support as a important factor to encourage more employees involved in work that can improve job satis-faction.
On the Non-Suitability of Non-Volatility

For many emerging and existing architectures, NAND flash is the storage media used to fill the cost-performance gap between DRAM and spinning disk. However, while NAND flash is the best of the available options, for many workloads its specific design choices and trade-offs are not wholly suitable. One such workload is long-running scientific applications which use checkpoint-restart for failure recovery. For these workloads, HPC data centers are deploying NAND flash as a storage acceleration tier, commonly called burst buffers, to provide high levels of write bandwidth for checkpoint storage. In this paper, we compare the costs of adding reliability to such a layer versus the benefits of not doing so. We find that, even though NAND flash is non-volatile, HPC burst buffers should not be reliable when the performance overhead of adding reliability is greater than 2%.
Preoperative Halo-Gravity Traction for Severe Thoracic Kyphoscoliosis Patients from Tibet: Radiographic Correction, Pulmonary Function Improvement, Nursing, and Complications

Background This study investigated the outcomes of preoperative HGT as an adjunct treatment for severe thoracic kyphoscoliosis, its role in radiographic correction, and pulmonary function improvement, together with nursing strategy and incidence of complications. Material/Methods Eleven patients with a mean age of 18.8 years were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: patients with severe kyphoscoliosis (coronal Cobb angle and kyphosis angle ≥80°); duration of HGT ≥8 weeks; patients undergoing HGT for at least 12 h per day; traction weight no less than 40% of body weight; and patients not receiving physical therapies. All patients underwent respiratory training. Results The major coronal curve scoliosis averaged 114.00±24.43° and was reduced to 80.55±17.98° after HGT. The major kyphosis was 103.91±18.95° and was reduced to 80.55±17.98°. Significantly improved percent-predicted values for FVC was found after HGT (p=0.014), and significantly increased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) was also observed (p<0.001), with significantly improved percent-predicted values for PEF (p=0.003) after HGT. Conclusions Our data reveal that preoperative HGT can be performed safely, and can help achieve excellent curve correction in both the coronal and sagittal planes, together with improved respiratory function and no severe complications in patients with severe thoracic kyphoscoliosis.
Asynchronous Movements Prior to Pore Opening in NMDA Receptors

Glutamate-gated ion channels embedded within the neuronal membrane are the primary mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. The ion channel of these glutamate receptors contains a pore-lining transmembrane M3 helix surrounded by peripheral M1 and M4 helices. In the NMDA receptor subtype, opening of the ion channel pore, mediated by displacement of the M3 helices away from the central pore axis, occurs in a highly concerted fashion, but the associated temporal movements of the peripheral helices are unknown. To address the gating dynamics of the peripheral helices, we constrained the relative movements of the linkers that connect these helices to the ligand-binding domain using engineered cross-links, either within (intra-GluN1 or GluN2A) or between subunits. Constraining the peripheral linkers in any manner dramatically curtailed channel opening, highlighting the requirement for rearrangements of these peripheral structural elements for efficient gating to occur. However, the magnitude of this gating effect depended on the specific subunit being constrained, with the most dramatic effects occurring when the constraint was between subunits. Based on kinetic and thermodynamic analysis, our results suggest an asynchrony in the displacement of the peripheral linkers during the conformational and energetic changes leading to pore opening. Initially there are large-scale rearrangements occurring between the four subunits. Subsequently, rearrangements occur within individual subunits, mainly GluN2A, leading up to or in concert with pore opening. Thus, the conformational changes induced by agonist binding in NMDA receptors converge asynchronously to permit pore opening.
Knockdown of CAVEOLIN-1 Sensitizes Human Basal-Like Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Radiation

Background/Aims: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-risk breast cancer phenotype without specific targeted therapy options and is significantly associated with increased local recurrence in patients treated with radiotherapy. CAVEOLIN-1 (CAV-1)-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nuclear translocation following irradiation promotes DNA repair and thus induces radiation resistance. In this study, we aimed to determine whether knockdown of CAV-1 enhances the radiosensitivity of basal-like TNBC cell lines and to explore the possible mechanisms. Methods: Western blotting was used to compare protein expression in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Nuclear accumulation of EGFR as well as DNA repair and damage at multiple time points following irradiation with or without CAV-1 siRNA pretreatment were investigated using western blotting and confocal microscopy. The radiosensitizing effect of CAV-1 siRNA was evaluated using a clonogenic assay. Flowcytometry was performed to analyse cell apoptosis and cell cycle alteration. Results: We found that CAV-1 is over-expressed in basal-like TNBC cell lines and barely expressed in HER-2-positive cells; additionally, we observed that HER-2-positive cell lines are more sensitive to irradiation than basal-like TNBC cells. Our findings revealed that radiation-induced EGFR nuclear translocation was impaired by knockdown of CAV-1. In parallel, radiation-induced elevation of DNA repair proteins was also hampered by pretreatment with CAV-1 siRNA before irradiation. Silencing of CAV-1 also promoted DNA damage 24 h after irradiation. Colony formation assays verified that cells could be radiosensitized after knockdown of CAV-1. Furthermore, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis enhancement may also contribute to the radiosensitizing effect of CAV-1 siRNA. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that CAV-1 knockdown by siRNA causes increased radiosensitivity in basal-like TNBC cells. The mechanisms associated with this effect are reduced DNA repair through delayed CAV-1-associated EGFR nuclear accumulation and induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis through the combined effects of CAV-1 siRNA and radiation.
Concomitant secretion of prourokinase and of a plasminogen activator- specific inhibitor by cultured human monocytes-macrophages

The plasminogen activator (PA) produced by freshly purified human monocytes-macrophages and histiocytic, lymphoma-derived U 937 cells was analyzed by zymography after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and found to migrate with an apparent Mr of 55,000, identical to that of urokinase (Uk). By immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for the two different types of PA, the enzyme was shown to be immunologically related to urokinase, and not to tissue PA. Urokinase was secreted in the form of the inactive Mr 55,000 zymogen prourokinase , and could be converted to the active Mr 55,000 enzyme by limited proteolysis with plasmin. Conditioned media from cultures of U 937 cells and monocytes-macrophages inhibited the fibrinolytic activity of exogenously added urokinase. Using [125I]- labeled urokinase we observed the formation of an enzyme-ligand complex, which was not dissociated by boiling in SDS and migrated with an apparent Mr 40,000 daltons higher than the free enzyme; since complexed urokinase was functionally inactivated as a PA, the ligand is an inhibitor of urokinase. This inhibitor is different from fibroblast- produced protease- nexin , in that it did not interact with thrombin. These results suggest that plasminogen activation by mononuclear phagocytes can be modulated through the secretion of both (pro)enzyme and a specific inhibitor.
Reconstructing Heritage in the Aftermath of Civil War: Re-Visioning the Nation and the Implications of International Involvement

Abstract Culture is an indispensable asset in post-conflict recovery processes; however, it can also be used as a means of continuing violence on a symbolic and ideological level, particularly in the case of civil wars. In a reconstruction paradigm this violence often takes the form of struggles over history, memory, heritage, and identity. Despite the context-specific differences of conflicts, their aftermaths do retain some common elements—such as an emphasis on re-envisioning history and re-defining national identity. This article examines three issues: the intentionality guiding choices about what to rebuild, the symbolic landscape that emerges as a result, and the ethical issues that arise from third party intervention in the reconstruction of cultural heritage. The rhetoric that surrounds reconstruction projects differs widely from the reality on the ground and I will argue that it is important to understand this in order to assess the impact that reconstruction can have on attempts at reconciliation, identity and state-building. This article also examines some of the ethical issues involved in the post-conflict reconstruction of cultural heritage including the role of international values associated to ‘heritage of mankind’ and their possible conflict with local valuations of cultural heritage. This area of study is becoming increasingly urgent. International organizations have escalated their involvement in post-conflict reconstruction work and in these interventions they impress their particular code of values on fragile societies often without a full appreciation of the possible long-term consequences of their actions.
Helping Pre-Service and Beginning Teachers Examine and Reframe Assumptions About Themselves as Teachers and Change Agents: “Who is Going to Listen to You Anyway?”

The focus of this article is how to ensure (beginning) teachers’ needs as practitioners are part of the discursive dialogue in physical education teacher education programs. We consider the relationship between ‘structure’ and ‘agency,’ teachers as ‘change agents’ and refer to ‘workplace learning’ as we examine the extent to which the social structure of the school and the teaching profession, and / or the capacity of the individual to act independently, ultimately determines a teacher's behaviour in reaction to teaching expectations. We are interested as physical education teacher education faculty in how we (1) strive to help pre-service teachers examine and reframe assumptions about themselves as teachers and change agents, and (2) examine taken-for-granted school practices and processes. We share ways that physical education teacher education programs could encourage pre-service teachers agency and the relationship between initial teacher education and induction.
When rewards and sanctions fail: a case study of a primary school rule‐breaker

UK schools commonly employ a behavioral discipline method comprising rules, rewards awarded when children follow the rules and sanctions when children break them. To date, this approach has had only limited success in halting classroom disruption (Render, Padilla and Krank, 1989; Riley & Rustique‐Forrester, 2002; Gutherson & Pickard, 2006). This paper sought explanations for this limited success through a case study of a British primary school boy who persistently broke school rules. Participant observation, interviews and questionnaires were used to explore his perspective over a period of over two years. The data pinpoint three issues which were implicated in the boy’s antagonistic response to school discipline: emotions (particularly anger), perceptions of fairness and trust, and the role of the peer group in providing alternative morals, rewards and punishments which conflict with those operating in the classroom. It is argued that behavioral discipline methods sometimes fail because they neglect these important dimensions of children’s experience.
In-vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Dalbergia latifolia Barks Extract Against Free Radicals

Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (Family: Fabaceae) is a traditional herb, contain latinone and dalcriodain flavonoid having excellence medicinal value. Antioxidants play an important role for protecting the human body against damage by reactive free radicals. Methods: The antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of the ethanolic extract of the bark of Dalbergia latifolia was evaluated using in vitro standard procedures for the determinations of total phenol, total flavonoid. Gallic acid and rutin equivalents were used for these parameters. The antioxidant activities of the bark extract of Dalbergia latifolia were determined by the 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitrous oxide thiocyanate and reducing antioxidant property methods. Results: The total phenolic content was found to be 210±1.16 µg mL ; however the flavonoid content was 46±3.61 µg mL for 11 D. latifolia bark extract. DPPH, NO and thiocyanate percentage inhibition scavenging activity 92.10±1.10, 86.39±2.12 and 87.22±2.47 respectively. Conclusion: The antioxidant played an important role of protecting the human body against free radicals. The present data demonstrated that D. latifolia bark exerted significant anti- oxidant scavenging potential. Further, it requires identifying the exact phytoconstituents responsible for the activity.
Change in Spontaneous Analogical Transfer in Young Children: A Microgenetic Study.

This study assessed the development of spontaneous analogical transfer from story problems to physical tasks by examining the effects of practice alone, without intervention or explicit prompting. Participants were 216 children aged 5–8 years. The microgenetic technique was incorporated with each age group by following them for six consecutive sessions of three trails each. The role of practice and age was investigated, not only on children's task behaviour, but also on their explanations of their actions. The results indicated that the ability to use analogy spontaneously improves over time with practice regardless of age, and that it develops over a protracted age range, with some children showing competence early, while others show poor performance at the age of 8 years. Furthermore, the study found development of analogical transfer to involve within-participant variability, as children showed competence on some trials but not on others. Although not a focus of the study, the results revealed intra-individual utilization deficiency in the domain of analogical transfer. It is concluded that there is strong evidence for gradual rather than step-like change in the development of analogical transfer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can clinical signs of trachoma be used after multiple rounds of mass antibiotic treatment to indicate infection?

PURPOSE To evaluate combinations of clinical signs, using a modified World Health Organization (WHO) grading scheme, to predict a very low prevalence of infection at the community level after at least three rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). METHODS Seventy-one villages had three to seven rounds of MDA. A random sample of 7828 children ages 5 years and younger was evaluated for trachoma, and determination of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was made. Proportions of children positive for infection were evaluated against all possible combinations of follicular trachoma (TF) and inflammatory trachoma (TI). High-risk signs (HRS) for infection were defined as those indicating the infection prevalence was >20%. The sensitivity and specificity of prevalence of HRS in identifying communities with infection was examined. RESULTS The median community infection prevalence was 3.8% interquartile range (IQR) (1.8%, 7.7%); the median trachoma prevalence was 9.4%, IQR (6.6%, 15%). Severe TI, combination of TF and TI (WHO criteria), or severe TF with signs of inflammation were predictive of infection in the community, but the absence of these HRS was not an indicator of low infection rates. CONCLUSIONS The use of HRS to determine the infection status of a community was not useful in predicting whether MDA could be stopped.
Towards Social Data Platform: Automatic Topic-focused Monitor for Twitter Stream

Many novel applications have been built based on analyzing tweets about specific topics. While these applications provide different kinds of analysis, they share a common task of monitoring "target" tweets from the Twitter stream for a topic. The current solution for this task tracks a set of manually selected keywords with Twitter APIs. Obviously, this manual approach has many limitations. In this paper, we propose a data platform to automatically monitor target tweets from the Twitter stream for any given topic. To monitor target tweets in an optimal and continuous way, we design Automatic Topic-focused Monitor (ATM), which iteratively 1) samples tweets from the stream and 2) selects keywords to track based on the samples. To realize ATM, we develop a tweet sampling algorithm to sample sufficient unbiased tweets with available Twitter APIs, and a keyword selection algorithm to efficiently select keywords that have a near-optimal coverage of target tweets under cost constraints. We conduct extensive experiments to show the effectiveness of ATM. E.g., ATM covers 90% of target tweets for a topic and improves the manual approach by 49%.
Speaking Out of Both Sides of Their Mouths

The ideologically objectionable premise model posits that biased political judgments can emerge across the political spectrum. Previous tests of ideological differences in political judgment biases have utilized between-subjects designs (i.e., separate comparisons). In this study (N = 410), we examined whether these biases also emerge in within-subjects designs (i.e., joint comparisons) and compared the strengths of judgment biases in between-subjects and within-subjects designs. Across designs, both liberals and conservatives favored sympathetic over unsympathetic targets in scenario judgments, but biases were attenuated in the within-subjects design. No ideological differences in bias strength emerged, although liberals reported a stronger internal motivation to respond without prejudice toward ideologically dissimilar others. Further, consistent with the ideological conflict hypothesis, both liberals and conservatives were prejudiced toward ideologically dissimilar targets, although biases in prejudice ratings were stronger among liberals than conservatives. Together, results support the ideological symmetry perspective on political bias and prejudice.