Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attachment linked predictors of women's emotional and cognitive responses to infant distress

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine associations among women's emotional and cognitive responses to infant fear and anger and to identify attachment linked predictors of these responses. Four hundred and forty Caucasian and African American undergraduate college women viewed video clips of two crying infants, one displaying anger and the other displaying fear. They identified what the infants were feeling, made causal attributions about the cause of crying, rated their own emotional reactions to the crying infants, and reported on the extent to which their parents met their emotional needs in childhood and their current adult attachment patterns. Emotional and cognitive responses to infant fear and anger were interrelated. Consistent with prediction, a history of parental emotional rejection and adult attachment anxiety and avoidance correlated negatively with accurate identification of emotions and positively with negative attributions, amusement, and neutral responses to infant distress. Adult attachment security moderated the effects of early parental rejection on emotional and cognitive responses to infant distress, and these results varied based on race and parent gender. Results are discussed from an attachment theory perspective.
A Fast Mellin and Scale Transform

A fast algorithm for the discrete-scale (and-Mellin) transform is proposed. It performs a discrete-time discrete-scale approximation of the continuous-time transform, with subquadratic asymptotic complexity. The algorithm is based on a well-known relation between the Mellin and Fourier transforms, and it is practical and accurate. The paper gives some theoretical background on the Mellin,-Mellin, and scale transforms. Then the algorithm is presented and analyzed in terms of computational complexity and precision. The effects of different interpolation procedures used in the algorithm are discussed.
Fast and Accurate Neural Word Segmentation for Chinese

Neural models with minimal feature engineering have achieved competitive performance against traditional methods for the task of Chinese word segmentation. However, both training and working procedures of the current neural models are computationally inefficient. In this paper, we propose a greedy neural word segmenter with balanced word and character embedding inputs to alleviate the existing drawbacks. Our segmenter is truly end-to-end, capable of performing segmentation much faster and even more accurate than state-of-the-art neural models on Chinese benchmark datasets.
Perimenstrual-Like Hormonal Regulation of Extrasynaptic δ-Containing GABAA Receptors Mediating Tonic Inhibition and Neurosteroid Sensitivity

Neurosteroids are endogenous regulators of neuronal excitability and seizure susceptibility. Neurosteroids, such as allopregnanolone (AP; 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one), exhibit enhanced anticonvulsant activity in perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy, a neuroendocrine condition in which seizures are clustered around the menstrual period associated with neurosteroid withdrawal (NSW). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such enhanced neurosteroid sensitivity remain unclear. Neurosteroids are allosteric modulators of both synaptic (αβγ2-containing) and extrasynaptic (αβδ-containing) GABAA receptors, but they display greater sensitivity toward δ-subunit receptors in dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs). Here we report a novel plasticity of extrasynaptic δ-containing GABAA receptors in the dentate gyrus in a mouse perimenstrual-like model of NSW. In molecular and immunofluorescence studies, a significant increase occurred in δ subunits, but not α1, α2, β2, and γ2 subunits, in the dentate gyrus of NSW mice. Electrophysiological studies confirmed enhanced sensitivity to AP potentiation of GABA-gated currents in DGGCs, but not in CA1 pyramidal cells, in NSW animals. AP produced a greater potentiation of tonic currents in DGGCs of NSW animals, and such enhanced AP sensitivity was not evident in δ-subunit knock-out mice subjected to a similar withdrawal paradigm. In behavioral studies, mice undergoing NSW exhibited enhanced seizure susceptibility to hippocampus kindling. AP has enhanced anticonvulsant effects in fully kindled wild-type mice, but not δ-subunit knock-out mice, undergoing NSW-induced seizures, confirming δ-linked neurosteroid sensitivity. These results indicate that perimenstrual NSW is associated with striking upregulation of extrasynaptic, δ-containing GABAA receptors that mediate tonic inhibition and neurosteroid sensitivity in the dentate gyrus. These findings may represent a molecular rationale for neurosteroid therapy of catamenial epilepsy.
Undoing Islamophobia: Awareness of Orientalism in Social Work

ABSTRACT Islamophobia describes the racism, exploitation, and violence experienced by Arabs, individuals of Arab descent, and Muslims. Although social workers are meant to challenge social injustice, social work codes of ethics and the literature are without guidance for unlearning Islamophobia. Arguing that one’s ability to interrupt Islamophobia is strengthened by an understanding of the historical record and theoretical tenets of Orientalism, we offer social workers explicit linkages between Orientalism and Islamophobia and engage with the idea of Islamo-racism. In this article, we attend to the ways in which Orientalism is used to “other” individuals while strengthening white hegemony, and we link those processes with Islamophobia and Islamo-racism. We conclude with some strategies derived from postcolonial theory to disrupt Islamophobia.
Biospecimen Long-Chain N-3 PUFA and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Data from 60,627 Individuals

Background Several prospective cohort and case-control studies reported the inconsistent association between biospecimen composition of C20 and C22 long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of biospecimen LC n-3 PUFA with CRC risk based on prospective cohort and case-control studies. Methods and Results Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE database were searched up to February 2014 for eligible studies. Risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) from prospective and case-control studies were combined using a random-effects model in the highest vs. lowest categorical analysis. Nonlinear dose-response relationships were assessed using restricted cubic spline regression models. Difference in tissue composition of LC n-3 PUFA between cases and noncases was analyzed as standardized mean difference (SMD). Three prospective cohort studies and 8 case-control studies were included in the present study, comprising 60,627 participants (1,499 CRC cases and 59,128 noncases). Higher biospecimen LC n-3 PUFA was significantly associated with a lower risk of CRC in case-control (pooled OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.97; I2 = 10.00%) and prospective cohort studies (pooled RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.88; I2 = 0.00%), respectively. A significant dose-response association was found of biospecimen C20:5n-3 (P for nonlinearity = 0.02) and C22:6n-3 (P for trend = 0.01) with CRC risk, respectively. Subjects without CRC have significantly higher biospecimen compositions of C20:5n-3 (SMD: 0.27; 95%: 0.13, 0.41), C22:6n-3 (SMD: 0.23; 95%: 0.11, 0.34) and total LC n-3 PUFA (SMD: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.37) compared with those with CRC. Conclusions The present evidence suggests human tissue compositions of LC n-3 PUFA may be an independent predictive factor for CRC risk, especially C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. This needs to be confirmed with more large-scale prospective cohort studies.
Identifying Hendra Virus Diversity in Pteropid Bats

Hendra virus (HeV) causes a zoonotic disease with high mortality that is transmitted to humans from bats of the genus Pteropus (flying foxes) via an intermediary equine host. Factors promoting spillover from bats to horses are uncertain at this time, but plausibly encompass host and/or agent and/or environmental factors. There is a lack of HeV sequence information derived from the natural bat host, as previously sequences have only been obtained from horses or humans following spillover events. In order to obtain an insight into possible variants of HeV circulating in flying foxes, collection of urine was undertaken in multiple flying fox roosts in Queensland, Australia. HeV was found to be geographically widespread in flying foxes with a number of HeV variants circulating at the one time at multiple locations, while at times the same variant was found circulating at disparate locations. Sequence diversity within variants allowed differentiation on the basis of nucleotide changes, and hypervariable regions in the genome were identified that could be used to differentiate circulating variants. Further, during the study, HeV was isolated from the urine of flying foxes on four occasions from three different locations. The data indicates that spillover events do not correlate with particular HeV isolates, suggesting that host and/or environmental factors are the primary determinants of bat-horse spillover. Thus future spillover events are likely to occur, and there is an on-going need for effective risk management strategies for both human and animal health.
Massera Type Theorems for Abstract Functional Differential Equations

The paper is concerned with conditions for the existence of almost periodic solutions of the following abstract functional differential equation $¥dot u$(t) = Au(t) + [${¥mathcal B}u$](t) + f(t), where A is a closed operator in a Banach space X, ${¥mathcal B}$ is a general bounded linear operator in the function space of all X-valued bounded and uniformly continuous functions that satisfies a so-called autonomous condition. We develop a general procedure to carry out the decomposition that does not need the well-posedness of the equations. The obtained conditions are of Massera type, which are stated in terms of spectral conditions of the operator ${¥mathcal A}$ + ${¥mathcal B}$ and the spectrum of f. Moreover, we give conditions for the equation not to have quasi-periodic solutions with different structures of spectrum. The obtained results extend previous ones.
SELF-STABILIZATION IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS – A SHORT SURVEY

Self-stabili zation is a very interesting and promising research field in computing science. This is due to its guarantees of automatic recovery from any transient failure, without any additional effort. This paper presents an overview of self-stabili zing distributed algorithms. First, the outlook of the self-stabili zation paradigm is shown, followed by a simple example and some formal definitions. Then, characteristics of stabili zation types are described. Finally, the paper presents several self-stabili zing algorithms and further lines of investigation strive for distributed systems.
Parent training and joint engagement in young children with autism spectrum disorder

Children are diagnosed at increasingly earlier ages with autism spectrum disorder, characterized by diminished levels of social orienting and engagement. Parent-mediated interventions incorporating the use of responsive parent behaviors have shown promise for use with young children with autism spectrum disorder to increase a variety of social-communication behaviors. This study examined the manner in which parents acquired and used a set of responsive parenting techniques with their young children with fidelity and investigated the associations of fidelity use of these techniques with changes in child joint engagement outcomes. Although parents began the training phase demonstrating low levels of responsive parenting behaviors, they acquired and implemented a specific set of responsive parent techniques with their children with ongoing fidelity, and the use of these techniques was collaterally associated with increased levels of joint engagement in two of the three participant children. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT Viral immune evasion strategies are important for establishment and maintenance of infections. Many viruses are in possession of mechanisms to counteract the antiviral response raised by the infected host. Here we show that a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutant lacking functional viral protein 16 (VP16)—a tegument protein promoting viral gene expression—induced significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines than wild-type HSV-1. This was observed in several cell lines and primary murine macrophages, as well as in peritoneal cells harvested from mice infected in vivo. The enhanced ability to stimulate cytokine expression in the absence of VP16 was not mediated directly by VP16 but was dependent on the viral immediate-early genes for infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) and ICP27, which are expressed in a VP16-dependent manner during primary HSV infection. The virus appeared to target cellular factors other than interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR), since the virus mutants remained stronger inducers of cytokines in cells stably expressing a dominant-negative mutant form of PKR. Finally, mRNA stability assay revealed a significantly longer half-life for interleukin-6 mRNA after infection with the VP16 mutant than after infection with the wild-type virus. Thus, HSV is able to suppress expression of proinflammatory cytokines by decreasing the stability of mRNAs, thereby potentially impeding the antiviral host response to infection.
Age-Related Association between Apolipoprotein E ε4 and Cognitive Function in Japanese Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Aims: In the present study, we investigated whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms influenced the cognitive function of Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at certain ages. Methods: Among 200 outpatients with dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment, 133 Japanese patients with AD were recruited and divided into two genotypic groups: APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers. Then, we compared several neuropsychological test scores between the two genotypic groups for two different generations: 70s (70-79 years) and 80s (80-89 years). Results: The total Mini-Mental State Examination score (p < 0.05) and one of its subtest scores, the 3-stage command score (p < 0.01), were significantly lower for the ε4 carriers than for the noncarriers among patients in their 80s, but not among those in their 70s. The duration of illness differed significantly between the ε4 carriers and the noncarriers among subjects in their 80s but was not correlated with cognitive function. Conclusion: The present results suggest that APOE may significantly influence comparatively simple memory processing in certain generations of Japanese patients with AD.
SGXBOUNDS: Memory Safety for Shielded Execution

Shielded execution based on Intel SGX provides strong security guarantees for legacy applications running on untrusted platforms. However, memory safety attacks such as Heartbleed can render the confidentiality and integrity properties of shielded execution completely ineffective. To prevent these attacks, the state-of-the-art memory-safety approaches can be used in the context of shielded execution. In this work, we first showcase that two prominent software- and hardware-based defenses, AddressSanitizer and Intel MPX respectively, are impractical for shielded execution due to high performance and memory overheads. This motivated our design of SGXBounds---an efficient memory-safety approach for shielded execution exploiting the architectural features of Intel SGX. Our design is based on a simple combination of tagged pointers and compact memory layout. We implemented SGXBounds based on the LLVM compiler framework targeting unmodified multithreaded applications. Our evaluation using Phoenix, PARSEC, and RIPE benchmark suites shows that SGXBounds has performance and memory overheads of 17% and 0.1% respectively, while providing security guarantees similar to AddressSanitizer and Intel MPX. We have obtained similar results with SPEC CPU2006 and four real-world case studies: SQLite, Memcached, Apache, and Nginx.
Penerapan Strategi Kooperatif NHT Dan TPS Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Ditinjau Dari Adversity Quotient Siswa SMP

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi pembelajaran terhadaphasil belajar matematika ditinjau dari Adversity Qoutient (AQ) siswa. Strategipembelajaran yang dibandingkan adalah strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipeNumbered Heads Together (NHT), strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe ThinkPair Share (TPS), dan strategi pembelajaran ekspositori. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian eksperimen semu. Populasi untuk penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswakelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Sukoharjo. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan denganteknik sampling acak atau teknik sampling random (random sampling tecbnique). Diperoleh sampel berjumlah 95 siswa, dengan rincian 31 siswa pada kelompok eksperimen satu, 32 siswa pada kelompok eksperimen dua, dan 32 siswa kelompokkontrol. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar matematika dan angketAQ. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis variansi dua jalan dengan sel taksama. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh simpulan sebagai berikut. (1) Strategipembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT memberikan hasil belajar matematika yang lebihbaik dibandingkan strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dan pembelajaranekspositori. Strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS memberikan hasil belajaryang lebih baik dibandingkan strategi pembelajaran ekspositori pada materi bangunruang sisi datar. (2) Siswa kategori climbers mempunyai hasil belajar matematikayang lebih baik dibandingkan siswa kategori campers dan quitters. Siswa kategoricampers mempunyai hasil belajar matematika yang lebih baik dibandingkan siswakategori quitters. (3) Tidak terdapat interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran denganAQ siswa terhadap hasil belajar. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh strategipembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar matematika tidak tergantung pada kategori AQ.
Dynamics of a Multistage Circadian System

Tissues throughout the body exhibit circadian rhythms, forming a multioscillatory system whose disruption results in jet lag and other health problems in travelers and rotational shift workers. The authors’ simulations of the dynamics of a multistage circadian system (based on experimental results for nocturnal rodents) reveal the flexibility and stability inherent in a multistage system, as well as potential pitfalls. The modeling predicts that jet lag tends to be most severe following an eastward change of 5 to 8 time zones due to prolonged desynchrony of the system. This desynchrony is partly due to differing reentrainment rates among components, but a much greater source of desynchrony is the antidromic reentrainment of some but not all components (reentrainment by partition), triggered by the overshoot of the master pacemaker’s phase in response to these advances. Based on the multistage system dynamics, the authors design a simple protocol that results in a more orderly transition that avoids antidromic reentrainment in all components, thereby reducing the reentrainment time from nearly 2 weeks to just a few days for the most difficult shifts. The authors compare the predicted behavior of self-sustaining versus damped oscillatory components in the system as well as the effect of weak versus strong coupling from the master pacemaker to the peripheral components.
Gender inequality in the work environment: a study of private research organizations in India

Purpose Since liberalization in the 1990s, India has witnessed a growth in the number of educated middle-class women in professions. However, there are few women in leadership positions and decision-making bodies. While the earlier notion of the ideal woman as homemaker has been replaced by one which idealizes women of substance, a woman’s role in the family continues to be pivotal and is even viewed as central in defining Indian culture. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how and to what extent gender inequalities are reproduced in the organizations employing educated professionals. Design/methodology/approach Based on the perspective that gender is socially constructed, this paper analyzes gender inequality in Indian organizations through semi-structured interviews of men and women scientists in two private pharmaceutical laboratories. Findings The findings show reproduction of a gendered normative order through two types of norms and practices: one, norms and practices that favor men and second, socio-cultural norms that devalue women in public spaces which help to maintain masculinity in the workplace. Although these practices might be found elsewhere in the world, the manner in which they are enacted reflects national cultural norms. Originality/value The paper highlights how various norms and practices enacted in the specific Indian socio-cultural context construct and maintain masculinity at workplace depriving opportunities to professional women which affect their rise to leadership positions.
The Role of Microtubule-Associated Protein 2c in the Reorganization of Microtubules and Lamellipodia during Neurite Initiation

During neurite initiation, cells surrounded by a flattened, actin-rich lamellipodium transform to produce thin, microtubule-filled neurite shafts tipped by actin-rich growth cones, but little is known about this transformation. Our detailed time-lapse analyses of cultured hippocampal neurons, a widely used model system for neuronal development, revealed that neurites emerge from segmented lamellipodia, which then gradually extend from the cell body to become nascent growth cones. This suggests that actin- and microtubule-rich structures are reorganized in a coordinated manner. We hypothesized that proteins such as microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), which can interact with both cytoskeletal components, might be critically involved in neurite initiation. Live-cell video and fluorescence microscopy in Neuro-2a cells showed that expression of MAP2c triggers neurite formation via rapid accumulation and bundling of stable, MAP2c-bound microtubules, concurrent with a gradual transformation of lamellipodia into nascent growth cones. The microtubule-stabilizing agent Taxol did not mimic this effect, suggesting that the ability of MAP2c to stabilize microtubules is not sufficient for neurite initiation. However, combination of Taxol treatment with actin disruption induced robust process formation, suggesting that inhibitory effects of F-actin need to be overcome as well. Neurite initiation by MAP2c required its microtubule-binding domain and was enhanced by its binding domain for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). MAP2c mutants defective in both PKA and microtubule binding acted as dominant negative inhibitors of neurite initiation in neuroblastoma cells and primary hippocampal neurons. Together, these data suggest that MAP2c bears functions that both stabilize microtubules and directly or indirectly alter actin organization during neurite initiation.