Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learners' Field Dependence and the Effects of Personalized Narration on Learners' Computer Perceptions and Task-Related Attitudes in Multimedia Learning

In this article, the effects of personalized narration in multimedia learning on learners' computer perceptions and task-related attitudes were examined. Twenty-six field independent and 22 field dependent participants studied the computer-based multimedia lessons on C-Programming, either with personalized narration or non-personalized narration. The result of this study lent support to the social agency theory: personalized narration in multimedia learning positively affects learners' computer perceptions and task-related attitudes. Contrary to the authors' prediction, personalized narration did not positively affect field dependent learners' computer perceptions and task-related attitudes. Instead, it was shown that field independent learners were marginally more anxious in learning task when learning with personalized narration than with non-personalized narration.
Ocular motility consequences following lesions of the thalamus: a literature review

Aim: To summarise the anatomy and function of the thalamus and review the medical literature for types of thalamic lesions and resultant ocular motility deficits. Methods: A literature search was undertaken using the PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases. Non- English-language studies were not included. Results: Types of thalamic lesions included vascular infarct or haemorrhage, space-occupying lesions, birth trauma, and associated periventricular leucomalacia. Ocular motility deficits included vertical gaze palsies, skew deviation, convergence anomalies, third nerve palsy, nystagmus, pupil and lid anomalies, together with saccadic and smooth pursuit deficits. Conclusion: Vascular pathology is the most common cause of thalamic lesions. The lesions may be partial or complete, and unilateral or bilateral. The predominant ocular motility deficit reported is that of vertical gaze palsy. Commonly involvement of the midbrain also occurs.
Comparisons of phosphite concentrations in Corymbia (Eucalyptus) calophylla tissues after spray, mist or soil drench applications with the fungicide phosphite

The fungicide phosphite was applied to 4- and 8-month-old Corymbia (Eucalyptus) calophylla (marri) seedlings, by spraying to run-off with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% phosphite (2.5, 5 and 10 g/L a.i., respectively), misting with 10, 20, and 40% phosphite (100, 200 and 400 g/L a.i., respectively) or applying a 1% phosphite (10 g/L a.i.) soil drench. The phosphite concentrations in plant tissues were determined by High Performance Ion Chromatography analysis, 7 days after treatment. Phosphite concentrations found in the plant tissues were higher than previous published results. Phosphite concentrations were generally higher in the root tips than in mature roots, and in shoot tips compared to stems and leaves. Highest concentrations were recorded in root tips of soil drenched plants. When phosphite concentrations in shoot apices were compared, spray to run-off at 0.5% gave a comparable concentration to a 10% mist treatment and the soil drench, while a 1% spray was comparable to the 20% and 40% mist treatment. When phosphite concentrations in root apices were compared, spray to run-off at 0.5% and 1% gave comparable concentrations to a 10 or 20% mist treatment. All treatments except 0.25%, 0.5% spray and soil drench caused some phytotoxicity on the foliage.
The experiences of Māori with aphasia, their whānau members and speech-language therapists

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Figures . ix List of Tables . ix Glossary . x Co-authorship and Copyright Forms . xiv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Author’s voice . 1 Personal context . 1 The Treaty of Waitangi and Māori health . 4 Stroke and Māori . 6 Aphasia . 7 Speech-language therapy – the New Zealand context . 10 Aims of the research . 12 Research approach . 13 Overview of the thesis . 13 Structure of the thesis . 15 References . 17 Chapter 2: Māori with aphasia: A people without a voice? 22 Abstract . 23 New Zealand Disability Strategy . 25 Ngā Pou Rangahau . 25 Māori health models . 26 Communication in Māori culture . 26 He Korowai Oranga . 27 A review of the literature . 28 Discussion . 31 Methodological challenges . 31 Lack of recognition of the need for research in this field. 32 Lack of community awareness of aphasia . 32 The role of the clinician and appropriateness of services. 32 The nature of aphasia . 32 Conclusion. 33 References . 33. 23 New Zealand Disability Strategy . 25 Ngā Pou Rangahau . 25 Māori health models . 26 Communication in Māori culture . 26 He Korowai Oranga . 27 A review of the literature . 28 Discussion . 31 Methodological challenges . 31 Lack of recognition of the need for research in this field. 32 Lack of community awareness of aphasia . 32 The role of the clinician and appropriateness of services. 32 The nature of aphasia . 32 Conclusion. 33 References . 33
SCTP in battlefield networks

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new Internet standards track transport layer protocol SCTP was originally designed to transport PSTN signaling messages over IP networks, but is also capable of serving as a general purpose transport protocol. As such, SCTP provides an alternative that may be better able to satisfy the requirements of future battlefield networks than the traditional transport protocols, TCP and UDP. Unlike traditional transport protocols, SCTP allows multiple streams of messages within a single connection (or, in SCTP terminology, a single association). As the results in this paper show, this ability is particularly helpful in reducing latency for streaming multimedia in high loss environments. SCTP also provides features for multi-homing that may be helpful in high-mobility environments and additional security against denial-of-service attacks based on SYN flooding.
A Cross-Generational Comparison of Motivational Factors in a Sales Career Among Gen-X and Gen-Y College Students

This study is a replication and extension of a study by Castleberry (1990) in which 12 motivational factors related to a sales career were compared across generations. The importance of 12 key motivational factors related to sales positions were rank ordered by 1,390 college students. Respondents represented Gen-X college students from 1990 and Gen-Y students from 2006. The job itself and pay were consistently ranked first and second in both studies for “today” and “ten years in the future. ” Gen-Y students rated “hygiene” factors related to job security as significantly more important than did Gen-X students. Conversely, Gen-X students rated “satisfier” factors as significantly more important than did Gen-Y students. Implications for sales managers, recruiters, and educators are provided based on the findings.
A formula to predict corrected calcium in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND The conventional calcium correction formula (corrected total calcium (mmol/L) = TCa (mmol/L) + 0.02 [40 (g/L) - albumin (g/L)]) is broadly applied for the estimation of serum calcium in haemodialysis (HD) patients, despite the fact that it was not derived or validated in a HD population. A novel formula was derived and validated for corrected serum calcium in HD patients. METHODS Total calcium (TCa), ionized calcium (iCa(2+)), magnesium, phosphate, albumin and bicarbonate were collected from 60 HD patients to derive the formula. A validation set of 237 stable HD patients was then examined, and subjects were classified as hyper-, hypo- and normocalcaemic based on the iCa(2+). Agreement of the new formula was calculated with iCa(2+) as the gold standard, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). This was compared to the agreement between iCa(2+) and the following: uncorrected total serum calcium (TCa), the conventional correction formula, the Orrell formula and the Clase formula. RESULTS Using multiple linear regression the following formula was derived: corrected total calcium (mmol/L) = TCa (mmol/L) + 0.01 [30 (g/L) - albumin (g/L)]. The new formula had superior agreement compared to all of the other formulae. There was a statistically significant greater agreement between the new formula and the iCa(2+) as compared to the conventional formula (P < 0.01). However, the new formula did not significantly outperform the Orrell formula, the Clase formula or Total calcium. CONCLUSIONS The use of our simple new formula should enable more appropriate decision making compared to the conventional formula in the highly complex HD population.
Missense Mutation in the Amino Terminus of Phytochrome A Disrupts the Nuclear Import of the Photoreceptor1[C][W]

Phytochromes are the red/far-red photoreceptors in higher plants. Among them, phytochrome A (PHYA) is responsible for the far-red high-irradiance response and for the perception of very low amounts of light, initiating the very-low-fluence response. Here, we report a detailed physiological and molecular characterization of the phyA-5 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which displays hyposensitivity to continuous low-intensity far-red light and shows reduced very-low-fluence response and high-irradiance response. Red light-induced degradation of the mutant phyA-5 protein appears to be normal, yet higher residual amounts of phyA-5 are detected in seedlings grown under low-intensity far-red light. We show that (1) the phyA-5 mutant harbors a new missense mutation in the PHYA amino-terminal extension domain and that (2) the complex phenotype of the mutant is caused by reduced nuclear import of phyA-5 under low fluences of far-red light. We also demonstrate that impaired nuclear import of phyA-5 is brought about by weakened binding affinity of the mutant photoreceptor to nuclear import facilitators FHY1 (for FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1) and FHL (for FHY1-LIKE). Finally, we provide evidence that the signaling and degradation kinetics of constitutively nuclear-localized phyA-5 and phyA are identical. Taken together, our data show that aberrant nucleo/cytoplasmic distribution impairs light-induced degradation of this photoreceptor and that the amino-terminal extension domain mediates the formation of the FHY1/FHL/PHYA far-red-absorbing form complex, whereby it plays a role in regulating the nuclear import of phyA.
Typical Sequences for Polish Alphabets

The notion of typical sequences plays a key role in the theory of information. Central to the idea of typicality is that a sequence $x_1, x_2, . , x_n$ that is $P_X$-typical should, loosely speaking, have an empirical distribution that is in some sense close to the distribution $P_X$. The two most common notions of typicality are that of strong (letter) typicality and weak (entropy) typicality. While weak typicality allows one to apply many arguments that can be made with strongly typical arguments, some arguments for strong typicality cannot be generalized to weak typicality. In this paper, we consider an alternate definition of typicality, namely one based on the weak* topology and that is applicable to Polish alphabets (which includes $\reals^n$). This notion is a generalization of strong typicality in the sense that it degenerates to strong typicality in the finite alphabet case, and can also be applied to mixed and continuous distributions. Furthermore, it is strong enough to prove a Markov lemma, and thus can be used to directly prove a more general class of results than weak typicality. As an example of this technique, we directly prove achievability for Gel'fand-Pinsker channels with input constraints for a large class of alphabets and channels without first proving a finite alphabet result and then resorting to delicate quantization arguments. While this large class does not include Gaussian distributions with power constraints, it is shown to be straightforward to recover this case by considering a sequence of truncated Gaussian distributions.
S1 guideline for diagnostic evaluation in androgenetic alopecia in men, women and adolescents

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair loss disorder, affecting both men and women. Due to the frequency and the often significant impairment of life perceived by the affected patients, competent advice, diagnosis and treatment is particularly important. As evidence‐based guidelines on hair disorders are rare, a European consensus group was constituted to develop guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of AGA. This S1 guideline for diagnostic evaluation of AGA in men, women and adolescents reviews the definition of AGA and presents expert opinion‐based recommendations for sex‐dependent steps in the diagnostic procedure.
Relations Between the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) and the Children's Memory Scale (CMS)

Objective: There is considerable overlap in the constructs of attention and memory. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), a measure of attention, to components of memory and learning as measured by the Children's Memory Scale (CMS). Method: Participants (N = 105) were consecutive referrals to an out-patient facility, generally for learning or behavior problems, who were administered both the TOVA and the CMS. Results: Significant correlations were found between the omissions score on the TOVA and subscales of the CMS. TOVA variability and TOVA reaction time correlated significantly with subscales of the CMS as well. TOVA commission errors did not correlate significantly with any CMS Index. Conclusion: Although significant, the correlation coefficients indicate that the CMS and TOVA are measuring either different constructs or similar constructs but in different ways. As such, both measures may be useful in distinguishing memory from attention problems. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007; 11(2) 167-171)
Linear Multiuser Receivers: Effective Interference, Effective Bandwidth and User Capacity

Multiuser receivers improve the performance of spread-spectrum and antenna-array systems by exploiting the structure of the multiaccess interference when demodulating the signal of a user. Much of the previous work on the performance analysis of multiuser receivers has focused on their ability to reject worst case interference. Their performance in a power-controlled network and the resulting user capacity are less well-understood. We show that in a large system with each user using random spreading sequences, the limiting interference effects under several linear multiuser receivers can be decoupled, such that each interferer can be ascribed a level of effective interference that it provides to the user to be demodulated. Applying these results to the uplink of a single power-controlled cell, we derive an effective bandwidth characterization of the user capacity: the signal-to-interference requirements of all the users can be met if and only if the sum of the effective bandwidths of the users is less than the total number of degrees of freedom in the system. The effective bandwidth of a user depends only on its own SIR requirement, and simple expressions are derived for three linear receivers: the conventional matched filter, the decorrelator, and the MMSE receiver. The effective bandwidths under the three receivers serve as a basis for performance comparison.
Empirical Content of a Continuous-Time Principal-Agent Model

There is a strong interest among corporate finance and industrial organization economists in estimating the effects of moral hazard and adverse selection in a variety of contractual settings. In this paper, I develop a methodology for the identification and non-parametric estimation of a continuous-time principal-agent model. My framework extends the existing literature on optimal dynamic contracts by allowing for the presence of unobserved state variables. To accommodate such heterogeneity, I develop an estimation method based on numerically solving for the optimal non-linear manager’s response to the restrictions of the contract. Since my estimation methodology relies on observing optimal responses, as opposed to optimal contracts, it can be used to evaluate the optimality of particular executive contracts. To demonstrate this feature, I apply my methodology to executive contracts from the retail apparel industry. I then use the structural estimates of the contract parameters and the utility of the executive managers to evaluate the revenue and welfare effects of the introduction of the Sarbanes and Oxley act. Corresponding author: Denis Nekipelov, Department of Economics, Duke University, e-mail: denis.nekipelov@duke.edu I am deeply indebted to Han Hong, Paul Ellickson, Pat Bajari, Chris Timmins, and Curt Taylor for their help and continuous encouragement. I would like to thank all participants of the Microeconometrics and the Microeconomic Theory lunches at Duke, and the Econometrics Lunch at Stanford. The usual disclaimer applies.
Expression of Voltage-Gated Chloride Channels in Human Glioma Cells

Voltage-gated chloride channels have recently been implicated as being important for cell proliferation and invasive cell migration of primary brain tumors cells. In the present study we provide several lines of evidence that glioma Cl– currents are primarily mediated by ClC-2 and ClC-3, two genes that belong to the ClC superfamily. Transcripts for ClC-2 thru ClC-7 were detected in a human glioma cell line by PCR, whereas only ClC-2, ClC-3, and ClC-5 protein could be identified by Western blot. Prominent ClC-2, -3, and -5 channel expression was also detected in acute patient biopsies from low- and high-grade malignant gliomas. Immunogold electron microscopic studies as well as digital confocal imaging localized a portion of these ClC channels to the plasma membrane. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings show the presence of two pharmacologically and biophysically distinct Cl– currents that could be specifically reduced by 48 hr exposure of cells to channel-specific antisense oligonucleotides. ClC-3 antisense selectively and significantly reduced the expression of outwardly rectifying current with pronounced voltage-dependent inactivation. Such currents were sensitive to DIDS (200–500 μm) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (165 μm). ClC-2 antisense significantly reduced expression of inwardly rectifying currents, which were potentiated by hyperpolarizing prepulses and inhibited by Cd2+ (200–500 μm). Currents that were mediated by ClC-5 could not be demonstrated. We suggest that ClC-2 and ClC-3 channels are specifically upregulated in glioma membranes and endow glioma cells with an enhanced ability to transport Cl–. This may in turn facilitate rapid changes in cell size and shape as cells divide or invade through tortuous extracellular brain spaces.
Association of polymorphisms in prolylcarboxypeptidase and chymase genes with essential hypertension in the Chinese Han population

Introduction: The prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) gene encodes a membrane protein that acts on angiotensin II (Ang II) and kallikrein to release vasoactive peptides. The chymase (CMA1) gene is important for Ang II generation. Therefore, the two genes might be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH). Materials and Methods: Eleven tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PRCP gene and four tag SNPs and G-1903A (rs1800875) polymorphism in the CMA1 gene were genotyped in the Chinese Han population (n=1020) using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: In the PRCP gene, single site analyses indicated that the rs7104980 G allele was a susceptible factor for EH (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62–2.43, p=0.3×10-10). The protective effect of Hap3 GAGCACTAACA was observed without carrying the susceptible rs7104908 G allele (OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.56–0.81, p=0.3×10-4) by haplotype analyses. In the case of the CMA1 gene, no associations with EH were found through single site analyses. However, haplotype analyses showed that Hap16 TTTA significantly increased the risk of EH with OR=3.15 (p=0.0002) which may be driven by interaction with a nearby SNP combination. Conclusions: The present results indicated PRCP rs7104980 can be considered as a marker for EH and Hap3 GAGCACTAACA (PRCP) and Hap16 TTTA (CMA1) might be associated with EH in Chinese Han population.
Neural correlates of saccadic inhibition in healthy elderly and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Performance on tasks that require saccadic inhibition declines with age and altered inhibitory functioning has also been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Although mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is assumed to be a high-risk factor for conversion to AD, little is known about changes in saccadic inhibition and its neural correlates in this condition. Our study determined whether the neural activation associated with saccadic inhibition is altered in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed decreased activation in parietal lobe in healthy elderly persons compared to young persons and decreased activation in frontal eye fields in aMCI patients compared to healthy elderly persons during the execution of anti-saccades. These results illustrate that the decline in inhibitory functions is associated with impaired frontal activation in aMCI. This alteration in function might reflect early manifestations of AD and provide new insights in the neural activation changes that occur in pathological ageing.
Role of granulocyte/neutrophil transfusions for haematology/oncology patients in the modern era

Infections continue to be a serious problem for severely neutropenic oncology and haematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant patients. Although it is now possible to collect much larger numbers of neutrophils (PMNs) from donors stimulated with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor + corticosteroids, the efficacy of these ‘modern’ granulocyte/PMN transfusions, with higher doses of PMNs, has not been established by convincing randomized control trials. Accordingly, they cannot be recommended for standard therapy at this time.
Wilson's disease: Changes in methionine metabolism and inflammation affect global DNA methylation in early liver disease

Hepatic methionine metabolism may play an essential role in regulating methylation status and liver injury in Wilson's disease (WD) through the inhibition of S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) by copper (Cu) and the consequent accumulation of S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). We studied the transcript levels of selected genes related to liver injury, levels of SAHH, SAH, DNA methyltransferases genes (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b), and global DNA methylation in the tx‐j mouse (tx‐j), an animal model of WD. Findings were compared to those in control C3H mice, and in response to Cu chelation by penicillamine (PCA) and dietary supplementation of the methyl donor betaine to modulate inflammatory and methylation status. Transcript levels of selected genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation were down‐regulated at baseline in tx‐j mice, further down‐regulated in response to PCA, and showed little to no response to betaine. Hepatic Sahh transcript and protein levels were reduced in tx‐j mice with consequent increase of SAH levels. Hepatic Cu accumulation was associated with inflammation, as indicated by histopathology and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and liver tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf‐α) levels. Dnmt3b was down‐regulated in tx‐j mice together with global DNA hypomethylation. PCA treatment of tx‐j mice reduced Tnf‐α and ALT levels, betaine treatment increased S‐adenosylmethionine and up‐regulated Dnmt3b levels, and both treatments restored global DNA methylation levels. Conclusion: Reduced hepatic Sahh expression was associated with increased liver SAH levels in the tx‐j model of WD, with consequent global DNA hypomethylation. Increased global DNA methylation was achieved by reducing inflammation by Cu chelation or by providing methyl groups. We propose that increased SAH levels and inflammation affect widespread epigenetic regulation of gene expression in WD. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)