Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A classical leash for a quantum system: command of quantum systems via rigidity of CHSH games

Can a classical experimentalist command an untrusted quantum system to realize arbitrary quantum dynamics, aborting if it misbehaves? If so, then we could realize the dream of device-independent quantum cryptography: using untrusted quantum devices to establish a shared random key, with security based on the correctness of quantum mechanics. It would also allow for testing whether a claimed quantum computer is truly quantum. We prove a rigidity theorem for the famous Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) game, first formulated to provide a means of experimentally testing the violation of the Bell inequalities. The theorem shows that the only way for the two non-communicating quantum players to win many games played in sequence is if their shared quantum state is close to the tensor product of EPR states (Bell states) and their measurements are the optimal CHSH measurements on successive qubits. This theorem may be viewed as analogous to classical multi-linearity testing, in the sense that the outcome of local checks gives a characterization of a global object. The rigidity theorem provides the basis of a technique by which a classical system can certify the joint, entangled state of a bipartite quantum system, as well as command the application of specific operators on each subsystem. This leads directly to a scheme for device-independent quantum key distribution. Control over the state and operators can also be leveraged to create more elaborate protocols for realizing general quantum circuits. In particular, it allows us to establish that a quantum interactive proof system with a classical verifier is as powerful as one with a quantum verifier, or QMIP = MIP*.
A neural network compensator for uncertainties of robotics manipulators

A neural network controller for trajectory control of robotic manipulators that is used not to internalize the inverse dynamic model of the controlled object but to compensate only the uncertainties of the robotic manipulator is presented. Its performance is compared with that of the conventional adaptive scheme. The results show the ability of the neural network controller to adapt to unstructured effects. A learning method for the neural network compensator with true teaching signals is shown. The tracking error of the robotic manipulator was greatly reduced when this controller was used. >
Is It Because of Partners or Partnerships?: An Investigation into the Main Obstacles of Developing International Partnerships in Four UK Universities.

Purpose – The main aim of the current study is to explore and model the major obstacles that UK universities encounter when developing international partnerships with overseas universities.Design/methodology/approach – Focusing on the obstacles to developing international partnerships, the study results are developed from 24 interviews with senior and very senior university managers from four leading UK universities.Findings – The results indicate that the obstacles to international partnerships for each of the four universities in this study can be grouped into two main categories: the obstacles that are relevant to the process of partner selection, and the obstacles that are relevant to the process of partnership arrangements. The study ends up with a model of obstacles of international partnerships in universities. In terms of strategy evaluation, obstacles related to the partner (whether they are focused or diversified), and obstacles related to the partnership arrangements (whether they are also focu.
Imprecise Data Sets as a Source of Ambiguity: A Model and Experimental Evidence

In many circumstances, evaluations are based on empirical data. However, some observations may be imprecise, meaning that it is not entirely clear what occurred in them. We address the question of how beliefs are formed in these situations. The individual in our model is essentially a “frequentist. ” He first makes a subjective judgment about the occurrence of the event for each imprecise observation. This may be any number between zero and one. He then evaluates the event by its “subjective” frequency of occurrence. Our model connects the method of processing imprecise observations with the individual's attitude toward ambiguity. An individual who in imprecise observations puts low (high) weight on the possibility that an event occurred is ambiguity averse (loving). An experiment supports the main assertions of the model: with precise data, subjects behave as if there were no ambiguity, whereas with imprecise data subjects turn out to be ambiguity averse. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, Teck Ho, and Terrance Odean, special issue editors.
The Influence of Minimum Edit Distance on Reference Resolution

We report on experiments in reference resolution using a decision tree approach. We started with a standard feature set used in previous work, which led to moderate results. A closer examination of the performance of the features for different forms of anaphoric expressions showed good results for pronouns, moderate results for proper names, and poor results for definite noun phrases. We then included a cheap, language and domain independent feature based on the minimum edit distance between strings. This feature yielded a significant improvement for data sets consisting of definite noun phrases and proper names, respectively. When applied to the whole data set the feature produced a smaller but still significant improvement.
Information-seeking processes of junior high school students: A case study of CD-ROM encyclopedia use

The purpose of this research was to examine the information-seeking processes employed by junior high school students from Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada when using CD-ROM encyclopedias. The study revealed that participants needed both instruction and practice to develop the skills and strategies needed for full-text searching of CD-ROM encyclopedias. The participants tended to use search terms only from the original question, had difficulty selecting topics and articles from the retrieved list, and did not read long articles as carefully as short articles. Instruction related to information-seeking skills and strategies should focus on generating search terms, selecting topics from a retrieved list, and skimming and scanning through text to find the answer.
Multi-objective routing optimization using evolutionary algorithms

Wireless ad hoc networks suffer from several limitations, such as routing failures, potentially excessive bandwidth requirements, computational constraints and limited storage capability. Their routing strategy plays a significant role in determining the overall performance of the multi-hop network. However, in conventional network design only one of the desired routing-related objectives is optimized, while other objectives are typically assumed to be the constraints imposed on the problem. In this paper, we invoke the Non-dominated Sorting based Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and the MultiObjective Differential Evolution (MODE) algorithm for finding optimal routes from a given source to a given destination in the face of conflicting design objectives, such as the dissipated energy and the end-to-end delay in a fully-connected arbitrary multi-hop network. Our simulation results show that both the NSGA-II and MODE algorithms are efficient in solving these routing problems and are capable of finding the Pareto-optimal solutions at lower complexity than the `brute-force' exhaustive search, when the number of nodes is higher than or equal to 10. Additionally, we demonstrate that at the same complexity, the MODE algorithm is capable of finding solutions closer to the Pareto front and typically, converges faster than the NSGA-II algorithm.
Unfolding discourse analysis

About the book: Bringing together many of the core classic and contemporary works in social and cultural research methods, this book gives students direct access to methodological debates and examples of practical research across the qualitative/quantitative divide. The book is designed to be used both as a collection of readings and as an introductory research methods book in its own right. Topics covered include: • research methodology • research design, data collection and preparation • analyzing data • mixing qualitative and quantitative methods • validity and reliability • methodological critique: postmodernism, post-structuralism and critical ethnography • political and ethical aspects of research • philosophy of social science • reporting research. Each section is preceded by a short introduction placing the readings in context. This reader-text also includes features such as discussion questions and practical exercises.
Mother's Education Effect on Child Health: An Econometric Analysis of Child Anthropometry in Uganda

This paper reports a methodology for analysis and presents the determinants of the child health in Uganda. A two-stage method which evaluates the effects of covariates on child's height-for-age and weight-for-height after controlling for the selectivity bias caused by child mortality is demonstrated to be necessary. This analysis documents the significant effect of mother's education on the long-term health measure(height-for-age) of children less than five years of age. Parental education have positive but not significant association with the short-term (weight-for-height) measure of health. However, mother's education improves child's height-for-age more in urban areas than in rural areas. The positive effects of radio ownership on weight-for-height are much greater among the uneducated mothers. It has also been found that the benefits of mother's education are greater for sons than for daughters.
Protection against Vaccinia Virus Challenge by CD8 Memory T Cells Resolved by Molecular Mimicry

ABSTRACT Live vaccinia virus (VV) vaccination has been highly successful in eradicating smallpox. However, the mechanisms of immunity involved in mediating this protective effect are still poorly understood, and the roles of CD8 T-cell responses in primary and secondary VV infections are not clearly identified. By applying the concept of molecular mimicry to identify potential CD8 T-cell epitopes that stimulate cross-reactive T cells specific to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and VV, we identified after screening only 115 peptides two VV-specific immunogenic epitopes that mediated protective immunity against VV. An immunodominant epitope, VV-e7r130, did not generate cross-reactive T-cell responses to LCMV, and a subdominant epitope, VV-a11r198, did generate cross-reactive responses to LCMV. Infection with VV induced strong epitope-specific responses which were stable into long-term memory and peaked at the time virus was cleared, consistent with CD8 T cells assisting in the control of VV. Two different approaches, direct adoptive transfer of VV-e7r-specific CD8 T cells and prior immunization with a VV-e7r-expressing ubiquitinated minigene, demonstrated that memory CD8 T cells alone could play a significant role in protective immunity against VV. These studies suggest that exploiting cross-reactive responses between viruses may be a useful tool to complement existing technology in predicting immunogenic epitopes to large viruses, such as VV, leading to a better understanding of the role CD8 T cells play during these viral infections.
High-Resolution Whole-Mount Imaging of Three-Dimensional Tissue Organization and Gene Expression Enables the Study of Phloem Development and Structure in Arabidopsis[W]

Currently, examination of the cellular structure of plant organs and the gene expression therein largely relies on the production of tissue sections. Here, we present a staining technique that can be used to image entire plant organs using confocal laser scanning microscopy. This technique produces high-resolution images that allow three-dimensional reconstruction of the cellular organization of plant organs. Importantly, three-dimensional domains of gene expression can be analyzed with single-cell precision. We used this technique for a detailed examination of phloem cells in the wild type and mutants. We were also able to recognize phloem sieve elements and their differentiation state in any tissue type and visualize the structure of sieve plates. We show that in the altered phloem development mutant, a hybrid cell type with phloem and xylem characteristics develops from initially normally differentiated protophloem cells. The simplicity of sieve element data collection allows for the statistical analysis of structural parameters of sieve plates, essential for the calculation of phloem conductivity. Taken together, this technique significantly improves the speed and accuracy of the investigation of plant growth and development.
Predictive Control Allocation for a Thermal Management System Based on an Inner Loop Reference Model—Design, Analysis, and Experimental Results

This paper addresses the challenge of controlling an overactuated engine thermal management system where two actuators, with different dynamic authorities and saturation limits, are used to obtain tight temperature regulation. A modular control strategy is proposed that combines model predictive control allocation (MPCA) with the use of an inner loop reference model. This results in an inner loop controller that closely matches a dynamic specification for input-output performance while addressing actuator dynamics and saturation constraints. This paper presents the design and implementation strategy and illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed solution through real-time simulation and experimental results.
Iron in Vitro Bioavailability and Iodine Storage Stability in Double-Fortified Salt

Background Ferrous fumarate is useful in iron fortification because of its high bioavailability, mild taste, and relatively low cost. A ferrous fumarate premix for incorporation into salt has been developed by agglomerating ferrous fumarate with appropriate binder materials into salt-size particles followed by microencapsulation. Objective The bioavailability of iron is critical for the usefulness of double-fortified salt. This study examined the in vitro bioavailability of various iron forms in double-fortified salt and microencapsulated ferrous fumarate premixes prepared by various techniques in an effort to identify key processing factors affecting iron bioavailability. Methods Iron in vitro bioavailability was approximated through the rate of dissolution of iron in 0.1 N HCl, which closely approximates the acid in gastric juice. Iron in vivo bioavailability was tested using the hemoglobin repletion assay in rats. Results The materials and techniques used in microencapsulating ferrous fumarate had little effect on iron in vivo bioavailability: more than 90% of iron in the premixes was released during 2 hours of digestion in the simulated gastric fluid. By incorporating titanium dioxide in the coating materials, the dark reddish-brown color of ferrous fumarate was effectively masked, resulting in acceptable sensory qualities, while maintaining the stability of iodine in the salt. Iron in vivo tests in rats have confirmed that the ferrous fumarate microencapsulated in a lipid is highly bioavailable, with a bioavailability of 95% relative to ferrous sulfate. Conclusions These findings were corroborated by field tests in southern India which demonstrated that double-fortified salt containing microencapsulated ferrous fumarate was effective in reducing the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia and iodine-deficiency disorders.
Intragroup Differences in Risk Factors for Breastfeeding Outcomes in a Multicultural Community

A sample of 221 women who delivered at Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, were included in this prospective study to identify breastfeeding patterns at day 1, 1 month, and 6 months postpartum. The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 76.5% on day 1, 48.4% at 1 month, and 13.3% at 6 months. At 6 months, 16.1% had stopped breastfeeding. Simple and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with better breastfeeding outcomes. Nationality significantly affected exclusive breastfeeding at day 1 and 1 month. Pethidine use was associated with lower levels of exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month. Education was the most significant determinant of breastfeeding behavior at 6 months. Effects of the interrelationships between factors were examined and shown to influence breastfeeding outcomes in different population subgroups. The findings of this study suggest that strategies to improve breastfeeding should focus on risk factors specific to the population subgroup.
Dynamics of team cognition and team adaptation: Introduction to the special issue

Although cognitions are known to play a major role in team adaptation, the cognitive dynamics underlying a team’s responsiveness are poorly understood. The studies brought together in this special issue break new ground in this area. In this introductory article, we offer a brief summary of the research field, provide an overview of the contributions, and suggest directions for future research.
Vascular protection in peripheral artery disease: systematic review and modelling study

Aims: To ascertain the effectiveness of medical therapy for reducing risk in peripheral artery disease (PAD) and to model the potential impact of combining multiple efficacious approaches. Methods and results: 17 electronic databases, reference lists of primary studies, clinical practice guidelines, review articles, trial registries and conference proceedings from cardiology, vascular surgery and atherosclerosis meetings were screened. Eligible studies were randomized trials or meta-analyses of randomized trials of medical therapy for PAD which reported major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death). Baseline event rates for modelling analyses were derived from published natural history cohorts. Overall, three strategies had persuasive evidence for reducing risk in PAD: antiplatelet agents (pooled RRR 26%, 95% CI 10 to 42), statins (pooled RRR 26%, 95% CI 18 to 33) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (individual trial RRR 25%, 95% CI 8 to 39). The estimated cumulative relative risk reduction for all three strategies was 59% (CI 32 to 76). Given a 5-year major cardiovascular event rate of 25%, the corresponding absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat to prevent one event were 15% (CI 8 to 19) and 7 (CI 5 to 12), respectively. Population level analyses suggest that increased uptake of these modalities could prevent more than 200 000 events in patients with PAD each year. Conclusion: The use of multiple efficacious strategies has the potential to substantially reduce the cardiovascular burden of PAD. However, these data should be regarded as hypothetical, since they are based on mathematical modelling rather than factorial randomized trials.
Pulmonary hypertension in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae.

The clinical features of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae have been well documented (Goldman, 1948; Baer, Behrend, and Goldburgh, 1950; Giam-palmo, 1950; Muri, 1953; Steinberg and McClena-han, 1955; Le Roux, 1959; Hodgson et al.
SimBetAge: utilizing temporal changes in social networks for pocket switched networks

In this paper, we present SimBetAge, a delay and disruption tolerant routing protocol for highly dynamic socially structured mobile networks. We exploit the lightweight and ego-centric scheme of SimBet routing while at the same time taking the strength and the gradual aging of social relations into account and thereby increase the performance by one order of magnitude, especially in evolving network structures. We explore the model of similarity and betweenness over weighted graphs, and present a simulation on realistic traces from previous experiments, comparing our approach to the original SimBet, Epidemic Routing and Prophet.
Multi-temporal soil erosion risk assessment in N. Chalkidiki using a modified USLE raster model.

The aim of this work was to test a modified version of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) for assessing the risks of erosion in N. Chalkidiki, Greece. USLE estimates the severity of erosion, thus assisting the decision process in selecting erosion control measures. Although USLE has several limitations, it was selected because it is the simplest approach while remaining robust, and it partially solves the problem of data availability. Modifications referred to here concerned the estimation of factors C and k (representing land management and soil vulnerability, respectively). More specifically, the C-factor was estimated using multi-temporal NDVI layers derived from LANDSAT images, while the k-factor was estimated based on the geological map. All USLE factors were calculated as grid layers after processing the original data, then they were multiplied together (according to the USLE) in order to derive the final risk map for three different seasons. A scale of 1:100 000 was selected and the mapping unit was set at 1 ha. The results, assessed for their accuracy by experts, showed that the use of multi-temporal NDVI gave a better insight than a single date approach in understanding the erosion procedures in the study area and facilitated the comparison between seasons and areas.
Online pose classification and walking speed estimation using handheld devices

We describe and evaluate two methods for device pose classification and walking speed estimation that generalize well to new users, compared to previous work. These machine learning based methods are designed for the general case of a person holding a mobile device in an unknown location and require only a single low-cost, low-power sensor: a triaxial accelerometer. We evaluate our methods in straight-path indoor walking experiments as well as in natural indoor walking settings. Experiments with 14 human participants to test user generalization show that our pose classifier correctly selects among four device poses with 94% accuracy compared to 82% for previous work, and our walking speed estimates are within 12-15% (straight/indoor walk) of ground truth compared to 17-22% for previous work. Implementation on a mobile phone demonstrates that both methods can run efficiently online.
Does Training and Coaching Matter? An 18-Month Evaluation of a Community Supervision Model

Abstract During the last decade, several formalized approaches have been developed to improve the effectiveness of probation and parole by implementing evidence-based research into community supervision practices. A key component of these new approaches are the use of officer coaching sessions, which are designed to improve officer fidelity in the core correctional skill areas. This study explores the impact of an initial training and monthly coaching sessions in the Effective Practices in Community Supervision (EPICS) model on probation and parole officer use of core correctional skills. The results examine the average quarterly officer use of skills over an 18-month follow-up period based on training status (i.e., trained versus untrained officers) in the EPICS model. This study adds to the understanding of the role training and coaching may play in improving officer use of core correctional skills. Policy implications and recommendations for future research are also discussed.