Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spine and spinal cord injury in motor vehicle crashes: a function of change in velocity and energy dissipation on impact with respect to the direction of crash.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of change in velocity (DeltaV) and energy dissipation (IE) on impact, above and below the test levels for Federal MVC Safety Standards, on the incidence of spine fractures (SF), spinal cord injury (SCI)), SF mortality and the associated injury patterns in Frontal (F) and Lateral (L) MVCs. Comparison of 214 patients with SF or SCI with 938 patients who did not have SF or SCI. METHODS 1152 MVC adult drivers or front-seat passengers (701 F & 451 L) evaluated at 10 Level I CIREN study Trauma Centers together with vehicle and crash scene engineering reconstruction. Patient seat belt (SB) and/or airbag (AB) use correlated with clinical, or autopsy findings. RESULTS The relationship between DeltaV and IE rose exponentially as DeltaV increased. Of the 1152 patients, all with AIS> or =3 injuries, there were 214 patients with spine fractures of AIS > or =2. In FMVCs there were more SF patients with Cervical SF than in LMVCs (68F versus 64 L) and more Thoracic (35F versus 21L) and Lumbar (39F versus 16L) SF. However, the incidence of spinal cord injury was greatest in the Cervical SF (33%), compared with the Thoracic SF (18%), or Lumbar SF (2%). Most important, in FMVCs 49% of SF, 47% of SCI and 71% of the SF deaths (p < 0.05) occurred at > mean of 47.4 kph. In contrast, in LMVCs 51% of SF, 52% of SCI and 67% of the SF deaths occurred at DeltaV > mean of 35.3 kph. However, 80% of all deaths in SCI occurred in Cervical SF cases, in these 74% also had a brain injury. In contrast, the deaths in Thoracic SF were due to combinations of brain (45%), thorax (95%) or associated pelvic fracture injuries (50%). Airbag (AB), or Seat belt (SB) restraints appeared to protect FMVC SF patients from SCI at lower DeltaV, but 84% of Cervical SCI patients at DeltaV > 47 kph had AB protection and in a few cases the AB appeared responsible for the SCI. In contrast, 82% of Lumbar SF patients had SB, but in FMVCs where jackknifing due to backloading occurred, improper SB positioning may have contributed to the SF. CONCLUSIONS The implication for SCI in both front seat drivers and passengers in either FMVC or LMVC crashes above their respective DeltaV means is that improved spine fracture protection is necessary at higher DeltaV levels. More effective safety systems to prevent Cervical SCIs should be developed using two-level frontal and side AB & SB+pretensioner devices, which protect against SF at DeltaV both at and 1SD above the FMVC (47 & 72 kph = 30 & 45 mph) and LMVC (35 & 54 kph =22 & 34 mph) means.
Induction to maturation of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) under laboratory conditions

Laboratory experiments were carried out over two different periods, with the aim of investigating and utilizing the induction to gonadal maturation of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The final objective was to obtain viable gametes outside the period of natural spawning in the environment; which would allow the utilization of ecotoxicological bioassays with sea urchin larvae at any time of the year. The experiment consisted of maintaining some sea urchins in tanks and providing them with a natural photoperiod, unlimited food and a constant temperature of 20 °C. During days 0, 30, 60 and 90, gonads from 15 of these sea urchins were compared with those collected simultaneously in the natural environment. The gametes obtained were used to carry out fecundations, in order to check their viability. The final results obtained were clearly influenced by the gonadal state of the sea urchins at the initial stage of the experiment. The best results were obtained within a time period of 60 days and when the initial gonad index was low.
Severe road traffic injuries in Kenya, quality of care and access.

BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries (RTI) are on increase in developing countries. Health care facilities are poorly equipped to provide the needed services. OBJECTIVE Determine access and quality of care for RTI casualties in Kenya. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey SETTING 53 large and medium size private, faith-based and public hospitals. PARTICIPANTS In-patient road traffic crash casualties and health personnel in the selected hospitals were interviewed on availability of emergency care and resources. Onsite verification of status was undertaken. RESULTS Out of 310 RTI casualties interviewed, 72.3%, 15.6% and 12.2% were in public, faith-based and private hospitals, respectively. Peak age of the injured was 15-49 years. First aid was availed to 16.0% of casualties. Unknown persons transported 76.5% of the injured. Police and ambulance vehicles transported 6.1% and 1.4%, respectively. 51.9% reached health facilities within 30 minutes of crash and medical care provided to 66.2% within one hour. 40.8% of recipient facilities were adequately prepared for RTI emergencies. CONCLUSIONS Most RTI casualties were young and from poor backgrounds. Training of motorists and general public in first aid should be considered in RTI control initiatives. Availability of basic trauma care medical supplies in public health facilities was highly deficient.
Effects of Instability Neuromuscular Training Using an Inertial Load of Water on the Balance Ability of Healthy Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The reflexive responses to resist external forces and maintain posture result from the coordination between the vestibular system, muscle, tendon, and joint proprioceptors, and vision. Aging deteriorates these crucial functions, increasing the risk of falls. This study aimed to verify whether a training program with water bags, an Instability Neuromuscular training (INT) using the inertial load of water, could positively impact balance ability and dynamic stability. This study was conducted with twenty-two healthy older women aged ≥ 65 (mean age: 74.82 ± 7.00 years, height: 154.20 ± 5.49 cm, weight: 55.84 ± 7.46 kg, BMI: 23.55 ± 3.58 kg/m2). The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: a group that used water bags and a control group performing bodyweight exercises. The intervention training lasted 12 weeks, with 2 sessions per week totaling 24 sessions, each lasting 60 min. The pre- and post-tests were compared using t-tests to examine within- and-between-group differences. The effect size was examined based on the interaction between group and time using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The Modified Timed Up and Go manual (TUG manual), Sharpened Romberg Test (SRT), and Y-balance test (YBT) were conducted to assess dynamic stability, including gait function, static stability, and reactive ability. In comparison between groups, the waterbag training group showed a decrease in task completion time associated with an increase in walking speed in the TUG manual test (p < 0.05), and an increase in static stability and reaction time in the Sharpened Romberg test with eyes closed (p < 0.05), and an increase in single-leg stance ability in both legs in the Y-balance test (p < 0.05). All statistical confidence interval levels were set 95%. INT using the inertial load of water enhanced the somatosensory system and gait related to dynamic stability in older women. Therefore, the clinical application of this training program is expected to reduce the risk of falls in healthy older women, improving dynamic stability related to gait.
A Structural Modeling Approach to the Understanding of Parenting Stress

Tested and cross-validated a multidimensional model of predictors of parenting stress on data from a population-based sample of Swedish mothers (N = 1,081) with children ages 6 months to 3 years. The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire study, focusing on the explanation of variance in parenting stress. Structural equation modeling procedures permitted disentanglement of total, direct, and indirect effects. A Swedish instrument based on parts of the Parent Domain in the Parenting Stress Index was used as a measure of stress. The results provided general support for the proposed model. High workload, low social support, perception of the child as fussy-difficult, negative life events, child caretaking hassles, more children in the family, and high maternal age related directly to more stress. Child irregularity contributed indirectly to mother´s experienced stress. No buffering effects of social support were found. Forty-eight percent of the variance in the parenting stress measure was explained by the model. Implications for interventions were discussed.
MIRD dose estimate report no. 19: radiation absorbed dose estimates from (18)F-FDG.

18F-FDG is formed through radiochemical synthesis from cyclotron-produced 18F (K. Breslow, written communication, June 2000). Production of 18F is through proton bombardment of enriched 18O-water. 18F-fluoride is bound to 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-Dmannopyranose (mannose triflate) under conditions of a stereospecific second-order nucleophilic substitution reaction, which produces no-carrier-added 18F-FDG. The 18FFDG is injected intravenously as an isotonic, sterile, pyrogen-free, clear, colorless solution.
Beta–Gamma Phase-Amplitude Coupling as a Non-Invasive Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease: Insights from Electroencephalography Studies

Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) describes the interaction of two separate frequencies in which the lower frequency phase acts as a carrier frequency of the higher frequency amplitude. It is a means of carrying integrated streams of information between micro- and macroscale systems in the brain, allowing for coordinated activity of separate brain regions. A beta–gamma PAC increase over the sensorimotor cortex has been observed consistently in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its cause is attributed to neural entrainment in the basal ganglia, caused by pathological degeneration characteristic of PD. Disruptions in this phenomenon in PD patients have been observed in the resting state as well as during movement recordings and have reliably distinguished patients from healthy participants. The changes can be detected non-invasively with the electroencephalogram (EEG). They correspond to the severity of the motor symptoms and the medication status of people with PD. Furthermore, a medication-induced decrease in PAC in PD correlates with the alleviation of motor symptoms measured by assessment scales. A beta–gamma PAC increase has, therefore, been explored as a possible means of quantifying motor pathology in PD. The application of this parameter to closed-loop deep brain stimulation could serve as a self-adaptation measure of such treatment, responding to fluctuations of motor symptom severity in PD. Furthermore, phase-dependent stimulation provides a new precise method for modulating PAC increases in the cortex. This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of the current EEG-based evidence on PAC fluctuations in PD, explores the potential practical utility of this biomarker, and provides recommendations for future research.
Interactive Learning Media Based Augmented Reality Inovasi Pembelajaran Solusi Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Era disrupsi dan revolusi industri 4.0 saat ini, mendorong para ahli untuk merekomendasikan pembelajaran agar disampaikan dengan inovatif dan kreatif memanfaatkan fasilitas yang berbasis Teknologi Informasi secara mandiri maupun kolaboratif. Guru juga dituntut mampu membuat konten bahan ajar yang menarik dan edukatif. Penggunaan media pembelajaran interkatif pada sekolah binaan FMIPA UNNES yaitu SD Qu Hanifah, Semarang masih menemui kendala meliputi kesiapan guru, sarana prasarana, materi dan aplikasi dan siswa dalam proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu Tim AR Adoption melakukan AR Adoption masyarakat untuk memberikan Pelatihan Interactive Learning Media based Augmented Reality pada Kelompok Guru SD Qu Hanifah. Program pelatihan telah dilaksanakan secara daring mulai dari persiapan, webinar sosialisasi tentang AR, pembuatan objek 3D, pembuatan dan pedampingan media berbasis AR. Platform yang digunakan adalah Zoom Meeting, Google Classroom, dan WhatsApp Grup. Harapannya Kelompok Guru SD Qu Hanifah, Semarang telah berhasil mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis AR secara mandiri sesuai arahan dan pendampingan dari Tim Pengabdi Kegiatan juga sudah dipublikasikan di website resmi Jurusan Ilmu Komputer, Fakalutas FMIPA dan Kompasiana. Tim Pengabdi menghimpun umpan balik dari peserta terkait pelaksanaan pelatihan dan penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis AR. Hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan berlangsung sangat baik dan mampu meningkatkan skill Guru dalam berinovasi membuat media pembelajaran interaktif sebanyak 90% hal ini meningkat signifikan karena sebelum dilaksanakan pelatihan pengetahuan Guru tentant AR baru 50%.
Do School-Based Tutoring Programs Significantly Improve Student Performance on Standardized Tests?

Abstract This study used a pre-post, nonequivalent control group design to examine the impact of an in-district, after-school tutoring program on eighth grade students’ standardized test scores in language arts and mathematics. Students who had scored in the near-passing range on either the language arts or mathematics aspect of a standardized test at the end of seventh grade were recruited to receive tutoring in either language arts (LA) or mathematics (MA), depending on the area of weakness. An analysis of covariance revealed that both groups of students tutored in LA (n = 23) or MA (n = 20) significantly outperformed a matched control group (p = .02 for LA; p = .04 for MA). Components of effective after-school academic programs are discussed.
Sea of leads: a disruptive paradigm for a system-on-a-chip (SoC)

The authors show that Sea of leads (SoL) is a disruptive paradigm for system-on-a-chip (SoC) because it intends to use wafer-level batch fabrication of ultra high density (>10/sup 4//cm/sup 2/) x-y-z compliant input/output leads and packages as well as wafer level DC/AC testing and burn-in to enhance performance, cost, size, weight, and reliability of a mixed signal SoC.
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy

Objectives: This study had three aims: (1) to evaluate the relationships between the paretic knee extensor muscle strength and global lower-limb strength in individuals who had suffered a sub-acute/chronic stroke, (2) to determine whether global lower-limb strength, sex, body mass index, or age could predict knee extensor muscle strength, and 3) to investigate whether the results obtained via a Modiﬁed Sphygmomanometer Test (MST) would be similar to those obtained using a hand-held dynamometer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, performed at a research laboratory, at participants’ homes, or at outpatient clinics. Forty-two individuals with a sub-acute stroke and 45 individuals with a chronic stroke participated. Maximum isometric strength of the paretic lower-limb muscles (i.e. hip, knee, and ankle ﬂexors/extensors, hip abductors) was measured using the MST and a hand-held dynamometer. Results: Signiﬁcant and high correlation coefﬁcients were found between knee extensor muscle strength and global lower-limb strength as measured by the combined strength values of 6 lower limb muscle groups in individuals with sub-acute (0.81 ≤ r ≤ 0.88; p < 0.05) and chronic (0.82 ≤ r ≤ 0.85; p < 0.05) stroke. Step-wise multiple regression analysis revealed that only global lower-limb strength was retained in the model and accounted for 66---78% and 67---72% ( p < 0.001) of the variance in knee extensor muscle strength at the sub-acute and chronic phases post-stroke, respectively. The results obtained via the MST were similar to those obtained using the hand-held dynamometer.
Decision-theoretic Refinement Planning Using Inheritance Abstraction

ing Actions We extend Tenenberg’s (Tenenberg 1991) notion of inheritance abstraction for STRIPS operators to apply to conditional probabilistic actions. As Tenenberg explains it, "the intent of using inheritance abstraction is to formalize the notion that analogous action types can be structured together into an action class at the abstract level, characterized by the common features of all elements of the class. " Thus we can plan with the abstract action and infer properties of a plan involving any of the instances of the abstract action. We abstract actions by grouping their outcomes. If one action has an outcome el and another action has an outcome e2 then we can produce an abstract action HADDAWY 267 From: AIPS 1994 Proceedings. Copyright © 1994, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.
Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Ijinskaja Aqueous Extract (CPAE) Ameliorates Obesity by Improving Insulin Signaling in the Hypothalamus of a Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model

Background Antiobesity drugs may not be optimal for treating obesity. However novel antiobesity agents, especially those derived from natural products, may be suitable. Therefore, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) aqueous extract (CPAE) on obesity. Methods SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr (SHR/cp) rats were used as a model of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Experimental animals were allocated into two groups—control and CPAE (0.5 g/kg)—for a 7-week treatment period. Examinations were performed, including general physiological characteristics, obesity-related biochemical parameters, and insulin-signaling pathway-related proteins in the hypothalamus. Results Treatment with CPAE reduced food intake, body weight, organ weight, fat mass, and body mass index (BMI) in SHR/cp rats. Meanwhile, CPAE also decreased the levels of fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR, serum free fatty acids, serum malondialdehyde, serum superoxide dismutase, and serum total-glutathione. The levels of phosphorylation of target proteins—including InsR, IRS1, PI3Kp85, Akt, and FoXO1 as well as protein expression of POMC—were significantly upregulated in the hypothalamus, but NPY expression remarkably decreased. Conclusions CPAE has antiobesity, antihypoglycemic, antihypolipidemic, and antioxidant properties. The mechanism responsible for the antiobesity effect of CPAE may be related to suppression of energy intake via regulation of insulin-signaling pathway in the hypothalamus.
The S&P 500 Effect: Not Such Good News in the Long Run

This paper analyzes the effect on a company's stock price when it is added to the S&P 500 Index. A simple theoretical model is developed to show how trading effects and changes to fundamentals should affect the price of S&P500 additions upon announcement and in the long run. This model predicts that a company added to the S&P500 should experience an initial price increase followed by a reversal of this price increase owing to the predicted increased stock price volatility of companies post-addition. All of these effects should be growing over time because of the increasing importance of S&P500 indexed mutual funds. We test the predictions of the model using a sample of 303 S&P500 Index additions between 1978 and 1998. We find results generally consistent with the model, particularly in the most recent period when it appears that the post-addition increase in stock price volatility reverses almost all of the initial price increase.
Comparison of Compacting Algorithms for Garbage Collection

The relative efficiencies of four compactors of varisized cells are estimated by constructing their timeformulas. These are symbolic formulas expressing execution times as functions of the time to perform common, elementary operations such as assignment, addition, subscripting, and loop overhead. By binding the variables to numeric values corresponding to a specific machine one can estimate program execution times without resorting to empirical tests. The first of the compactors (Lisp 2) requires additional storage for pointer readjustment. The second (based on the work of Haddon and Waite) attempts to reduce these storage requirements at the expense of processing time. The last two (Morris' and Jonkers') are recently proposed compactors that require minimal additional storage and that update pointers by first threading them into linear lists. The paper provides unified descriptions of the algorithms and presents curves expressing the relative efficiencies of the compactors when run on a specific machine (PDP-10). It is straightforward to modify the given formulas to estimate compactors' efficiencies when run on other computers.
Marmite: Spreading Malicious File Reputation Through Download Graphs

Effective malware detection approaches need not only high accuracy, but also need to be robust to changes in the modus operandi of criminals. In this paper, we propose Marmite, a feature-agnostic system that aims at propagating known malicious reputation of certain files to unknown ones with the goal of detecting malware. Marmite does this by looking at a graph that encapsulates a comprehensive view of how files are downloaded (by which hosts and from which servers) on a global scale. The reputation of files is then propagated across the graph using semi-supervised label propagation with Bayesian confidence. We show that Marmite is able to reach high accuracy (0.94 G-mean on average) over a 10-day dataset of 200 million download events. We also demonstrate that Marmite's detection capabilities do not significantly degrade over time, by testing our system on a 30-day dataset of 660 million download events collected six months after the system was tuned and validated. Marmite still maintains a similar accuracy after this period of time.
Testable design and testing of micro-electro-fluidic arrays

The testable design and testing of a fully software-controllable lab-on-a-chip, including a fluidic array of FlowFETs, control and interface electronics is presented. Test hardware is included for detecting faults in the DMOS electro-fluidic interface and the digital parts. Multidomain fault modeling and simulation shows the effects of faults in the (combined) fluidic and electrical parts. The fault simulations also reveal important parameters of multi-domain test-stimuli, e.g. fluid velocity, for detecting both electrical and fluidic defects.
Embryo implantation after assisted reproductive procedures and maternal thrombophilia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Women undergoing assisted reproductive procedures, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), fail to achieve pregnancy in approximately 70% of cases. Postulating that among the possible causes of failure of embryo implantation might be an impairment of the uteroplacental circulation due to hypercoagulability in the mother, we investigated the association between thrombophilia and failure to achieve pregnancy after IVF or ICSI. DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out in 234 women undergoing IVF or ICSI and in 234 women who, in the same period, conceived naturally. Thrombophilia due to mutations in genes encoding coagulation factor V (G1691A), prothrombin (G20210A), methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T) and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies was searched for. RESULTS The prevalence of factor V, prothrombin and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase mutations was similar in the 162 women who failed to achieve pregnancy after IVF or ICSI and in control women (5% and 2% for factor V G1691A, odd ratio 2.4, 95% CI 0.8-7.4; 3% and 6% for prothrombin G20210A, odds ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1.5; 19% and 20% for homozygous methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, odds ratio 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.6). Nor was any association found when women who failed to achieve pregnancy were divided according to the total number of assisted reproductive procedures, age, type of procedure and cause of infertility. Antiphospholipid antibodies were not detected in any of the women. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS This study provides no evidence for an association between maternal thrombophilia and failure to achieve pregnancy after assisted reproductive procedures. Routine anticoagulant treatment in women undergoing assisted reproductive procedures is not warranted.