Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Negative Career Thoughts

This study explored similarities and differences of negative career thoughts in a sample of 1,562 Americans and 3,811 South Koreans by analyzing mean scores, item endorsement rates, and factor structures of the career thoughts inventory (CTI). A comparison of mean scores of the CTI scales showed that Koreans scored significantly higher on all scales than did Americans among high school, college, and adult participants. However, a comparison of ranks of item endorsement rates indicated that they were very similar. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original three-factor solution of the normative data was a good fit for the United States across all age-groups but was not for the normative data of the respective age-groups from South Korea. Follow-up exploratory factor analyses identified possible alternative internal structures of the Korean CTI. Implications of the findings regarding plausible cultural influences on negative career thoughts as well as the use of the CTI in career counseling with members of the United States and Korean cultures are discussed.
Remote Sensing Analysis of Vegetation Recovery following Short-Interval Fires in Southern California Shrublands

Increased fire frequency has been shown to promote alien plant invasions in the western United States, resulting in persistent vegetation type change. Short interval fires are widely considered to be detrimental to reestablishment of shrub species in southern California chaparral, facilitating the invasion of exotic annuals and producing “type conversion”. However, supporting evidence for type conversion has largely been at local, site scales and over short post-fire time scales. Type conversion has not been shown to be persistent or widespread in chaparral, and past range improvement studies present evidence that chaparral type conversion may be difficult and a relatively rare phenomenon across the landscape. With the aid of remote sensing data covering coastal southern California and a historical wildfire dataset, the effects of short interval fires (<8 years) on chaparral recovery were evaluated by comparing areas that burned twice to adjacent areas burned only once. Twelve pairs of once- and twice-burned areas were compared using normalized burn ratio (NBR) distributions. Correlations between measures of recovery and explanatory factors (fire history, climate and elevation) were analyzed by linear regression. Reduced vegetation cover was found in some lower elevation areas that were burned twice in short interval fires, where non-sprouting species are more common. However, extensive type conversion of chaparral to grassland was not evident in this study. Most variables, with the exception of elevation, were moderately or poorly correlated with differences in vegetation recovery.
Investment Incentives and Corporate Tax Asymmetries

Recent facts on the importance of corporate losses motivate more careful study of the impact of tax incentives for investment on firms that lose money. I model firm investment decisions in a setting featuring financing constraints and carrybacks and carryforwards of operating losses. I estimate investment responses to tax incentives allowing effects to vary with cash flows and taxable status. Results suggest that asymmetries in the corporate tax code could have made recent bonus depreciation tax incentives at most 4% less effective than they would have been if all firms were fully taxable. Cash flows have more important effects on the impact of tax incentives. Recent declines in cash flows would predict a 24% decrease in the effectiveness of bonus depreciation. Results thus suggest that tax incentives have the smallest impact on investment exactly when they are most likely to be put in place -- during downturns in economic activity when cash flows are low.
Communication Routes in ARID Domains between Distal Residues in Helix 5 and the DNA-Binding Loops

ARID is a DNA-binding domain involved in several transcriptional regulatory processes, including cell-cycle regulation and embryonic development. ARID domains are also targets of the Human Cancer Protein Interaction Network. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms related to conformational changes in the family of ARID domains. Thus, we have examined their structural dynamics to enrich the knowledge on this important family of regulatory proteins. In particular, we used an approach that integrates atomistic simulations and methods inspired by graph theory. To relate these properties to protein function we studied both the free and DNA-bound forms. The interaction with DNA not only stabilizes the conformations of the DNA-binding loops, but also strengthens pre-existing paths in the native ARID ensemble for long-range communication to those loops. Residues in helix 5 are identified as critical mediators for intramolecular communication to the DNA-binding regions. In particular, we identified a distal tyrosine that plays a key role in long-range communication to the DNA-binding loops and that is experimentally known to impair DNA-binding. Mutations at this tyrosine and in other residues of helix 5 are also demonstrated, by our approach, to affect the paths of communication to the DNA-binding loops and alter their native dynamics. Overall, our results are in agreement with a scenario in which ARID domains exist as an ensemble of substates, which are shifted by external perturbation, such as the interaction with DNA. Conformational changes at the DNA-binding loops are transmitted long-range by intramolecular paths, which have their heart in helix 5.
Amino Acid Permeases and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans

Fungal opportunistic pathogens colonize various environments, from plants and wood to human and animal tissue. Regarding human pathogens, one great challenge during contrasting niche occupation is the adaptation to different conditions, such as temperature, osmolarity, salinity, pressure, oxidative stress and nutritional availability, which may constitute sources of stress that need to be tolerated and overcome. As an opportunistic pathogen, C. neoformans faces exactly these situations during the transition from the environment to the human host, encountering nutritional constraints. Our previous and current research on amino acid biosynthetic pathways indicates that amino acid permeases are regulated by the presence of the amino acids, nitrogen and temperature. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans have twenty-four and twenty-seven genes encoding amino acid permeases, respectively; conversely, they are scarce in number in Basidiomycetes (C. neoformans, Coprinopsis cinerea and Ustilago maydis), where nine to ten permease genes can be found depending on the species. In this study, we have demonstrated that two amino acid permeases are essential for virulence in C. neoformans. Our data showed that C. neoformans uses two global and redundant amino acid permeases, Aap4 and Aap5 to respond correctly to thermal and oxidative stress. Double deletion of these permeases causes growth arrest in C. neoformans at 37°C and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The inability to uptake amino acid at a higher temperature and under oxidative stress also led to virulence attenuation in vivo. Our data showed that thermosensitivity caused by the lack of permeases Aap4 and Aap5 can be remedied by alkaline conditions (higher pH) and salinity. Permeases Aap4 and Aap5 are also required during fluconazole stress and they are the target of the plant secondary metabolite eugenol, a potent antifungal inhibitor that targets amino acid permeases. In summary, our work unravels (i) interesting physiological property of C. neoformans regarding its amino acid uptake system; (ii) an important aspect of virulence, which is the need for amino acid permeases during thermal and oxidative stress resistance and, hence, host invasion and colonization; and (iii) provides a convenient prototype for antifungal development, which are the amino acid permeases Aap4/Aap5 and their inhibitor.
Adinkras for Mathematicians

$\textit{Adinkras}$ are graphical tools created for the study of supersymmetry representations. Besides having inherent interest for physicists, the study of adinkras has already shown connections with coding theory and Clifford algebras. Furthermore, adinkras offer many natural and accessible mathematical problems of combinatorial nature. We present the foundations for a mathematical audience, make new connections to other fields (homological algebra, poset theory, and polytopes), and solve some of these problems. Original results include the enumeration of all hypercube adinkras through dimension 5, the enumeration of odd dashings of adinkras for any dimension, and a connection between rankings and the chromatic polynomial for certain graphs. Les $\textit{adinkras}$ sont des dessins qui sont utilisés pour étudier les représentations des théories supersymétriques. Outre leur intérêt en physique, les adinkras sont aussi utiles en connexion avec la théorie des codes et les algèbres de Clifford. De plus, les adinkras offrent beaucoup de problèmes de nature combinatoire qui sont à la fois naturels et accessibles. Nous présentons une introduction pour une audience de mathématiciens, présentons de nouvelles connexions avec d’autres domaines (algèbres homologiques, ensembles partiellement ordonnés, polytopes), et résolvons certains problèmes. Parmi les résultats nouveaux, nous énumérons les adinkras de l’hypercube de dimension inférieure ou égale à 5, nous énumérons les $\textit{odd dashings}$ en toute dimension, et établissons une relation entre les $\textit{rankings}$ et le polynôme chromatique pour certains graphes.
The Effect of Trigeminal Nociceptive Stimulation on Blink Reflexes and Pain Evoked by Stimulation of the Supraorbital Nerve

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of painful conditioning stimuli on pain and blink reflexes to supraorbital nerve stimulation. Electromyograph activity was recorded bilaterally from the orbicularis oculi muscles in 13 normal participants in response to low (2.3 mA) and high-intensity (18.6 mA) electrical stimulation of the left supraorbital nerve before, during and after the application of ice to the left or right temple or immersion of the left hand in ice-water for 60 s. The pain evoked by the high-intensity electrical stimulus was greater during painful conditioning stimulation of the ipsilateral temple than during the recovery period afterwards, and was greater than during painful conditioning stimulation of the contralateral temple. These findings imply that spatial summation of nociceptive signals across different divisions of the trigeminal nerve can heighten pain. However, painful conditioning stimulation, particularly to the right temple, strongly suppressed the R2 component of the blink reflex to the low-intensity stimulus, and also suppressed R2 to the high-intensity stimulus. Thus, an inhibitory influence (e.g. diffuse noxious inhibitory controls) appeared to mask ipsilateral segmental facilitation of R2 during ice-induced headache. This finding contrasts with recent electrophysiological evidence of trigeminal sensitization in migraine.
Hydrogen Production with a Microbial Biocathode

R E N É A . R O Z E N D A L , † , ‡ A D R I A A N W . J E R E M I A S S E , † , ‡ H U B E R T U S V . M . H A M E L E R S , * , † A N D C E E S J . N . B U I S M A N † , ‡ Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Wetsus, Centre for Sustainable Water Technology, Agora 1, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
Electron pitch-angle diffusion: resonant scattering by waves vs. nonadiabatic effects

In this paper we investigate the electron pitch- angle diffusion coefficients in the night-side inner magne- tosphere around the geostationary orbit (L 7) due to mag- netic field deformation. We compare the effects of resonant wave-particle scattering by lower band chorus waves and the adiabaticity violation of electron motion due to the strong curvature of field lines in the vicinity of the equator. For a realistic magnetic field configuration, the nonadiabatic ef- fects are more important than the wave-particle interactions for high energy (> 1 MeV) electrons. For smaller energy, the scattering by waves is more effective than nonadiabatic one. Moreover, the role of nonadiabatic effects increases with particle energy. Therefore, to model electron scattering and transport in the night-side inner magnetosphere, it is impor- tant to take into account the peculiarities of high-energy elec- tron dynamics.
A unitary or binary model of emotions : A discussion on a fundamental difference between Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy

This primary purpose of this paper is to consider the differential cognitive conceptualization of emotions postulated by the two main schools of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), namely Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and Cognitive Therapy (CT). While CT theory favours a unitary model of emotional distress, REBT theory posits a binary model of emotional distress. This paper will address how the two approaches differ in their conceptualizations of emotional disturbance and the implications such differences have on clinical, theoretical, and research practice in both psychotherapy and psychology. A review of the relevant empirical literature will be presented with a recommendation for how future research can better investigate the differing predictions made by REBT and CT theory, respectively.
Cross-National Work-Life Research

Increasing attention is being paid to the impacts of country-level contexts on the work-life interface. However, lack of theoretical clarity as well as operationalization challenges are significant roadblocks for comparative work-life research. This article provides guidance for cross-national work-life research by conducting a systematic interdisciplinary review of conceptual and empirical work on the country-level cultural impacts (i.e., the values, assumptions, and beliefs shared by individuals with common historical experience) and structural impacts (i.e., the rules and constraints produced by legal, economic, and social structures) on individual experiences of the work-life interface and organizational support for nonwork. Regarding culture, we offer an organized review of work-life research drawing on cultural dimensions, from the most researched dimensions, such as individualism-collectivism and gender egalitarianism, to the least researched. We also point to ways to locate scales and country scores. Concerning structure, we explain how legal (e.g., public policies), economic (e.g., industrialization), and social (e.g., actual gender equality) factors are operationalized with indicators or typologies and review the related work-life research. We carve out a research agenda pointing out untapped cultural dimensions and structural factors and underresearched work-life constructs and calling for more systemic and integrative cross-national work-life research.
Connection of scattering principles: Focusing the wavefield without source or receiver

Inverse scattering, seismic interferometry, and focusing are subjects usually studied as independent problems in different research areas. We speculate that a physical connection exists between them because the equations that rule these scattering principles have a similar functional form. With a visual explanation of the relationship between these principles, we describe the importance of the interaction between the causal and acausal Green’s functions and provide physical insight to emphasize the connection between these principles. Finally, we show how to reconstruct the Green’s function that radiates from a location where there is no source or receiver, going beyond seismic interferometry.
Convexity Properties of the Quantum Rényi Divergences, with Applications to the Quantum Stein's Lemma

We show finite-size bounds on the deviation of the optimal type II error from its asymptotic value in the quantum hypothesis testing problem of Stein's lemma with composite null-hypothesis. The proof is based on some simple properties of a new notion of quantum Renyi divergence, recently introduced in [Muller-Lennert, Dupuis, Szehr, Fehr and Tomamichel, J. Math. Phys. 54, 122203, (2013)], and [Wilde, Winter, Yang, arXiv:1306.1586].
The Determinants of Cross-Border Bank Shareholdings: an Analysis with Bank-Level Data from OECD Countries

TThis paper investigates which factors determine a bank's decision to expand its activities abroad and what determines its choice of the countries to invest in. The empirical analysis is conducted using firm-level data on foreign subsidiaries for a representative sample of nearly 2,500 OECD banks. The results show that the banks with cross-border shareholdings are larger and have headquarters in countries with a more developed and efficient banking market. They prefer to invest in countries where expected profits are larger, owing to higher expected economic growth and the prospect of reducing local banks' inefficiency. These factors are overall more important in banksi? ½ decisions than those related to the degree of openness of the origin country and its economic integration with the destination country.
A NEW COMBINATORIAL APPROACH TO THE CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEM DICHOTOMY CLASSIFICATION

We introduce a new general polynomial-time construction-the ﬁ-bre construction - which reduces any constraint satisfaction problem CSP( H ) to the constraint satisfaction problem CSP( P ), where P is any subprojective relational structure. As a consequence we get a new proof (not using universal algebra) that CSP( P ) is NP -complete for any subprojective (and so for any projective) relational structure. The ﬁbre construction allows us to prove the NP -completeness part of the conjectured Dichotomy Classiﬁcation of CSPs, previously obtained by algebraic methods. We show that this conjectured Dichotomy Classiﬁcation is equivalent to the dichotomy of whether or not the template is subprojective. This approach is ﬂexible enough to yield NP -completeness of coloring problems with large girth and bounded degree restrictions thus reducing the Feder-Hell-Huang and Kostoˇcka-Neˇsetˇril-Smol´ıkov´a problems to the Dichotomy Classiﬁcation of coloring problems.
Cooperating without Co-laboring

I examine how different distributions of ownership and governance rights in firms affect the optimal organization of cross-functional project teams for knowledge-intensive work. I analyze multi-method data from two competing automated manufacturing equipment engineering firms with contrasting formal power structures, one a worker cooperative with ownership and governance rights distributed across occupations and the other a conventional firm with ownership and governance rights concentrated in the hands of several senior workers in one occupational group. Contrary to prior research, my findings suggest that when collective tasks are uncertain and complex, the benefits of cross-functional interactions depend on organizations’ formal power structure: cross-functional interactions improve teams’ productivity in the context of concentrated ownership and governance rights but not when ownership and governance rights are widely distributed among workers. Fieldwork at the two firms revealed three mechanisms by which dispersed formal power decreases the productivity benefits of cross-functional interaction: it reduces status distinctions among team members, increasing the labor hours required to resolve conflicts; boosts participation in oversight and coordination processes outside teams so that workers have more access to information and less need for cross-functional interactions; and increases the distribution of knowledge-management technology, which increases workers’ autonomy and reduces the value of cross-functional interactions.
Structural properties of pseudo-bulges, classical bulges and elliptical galaxies: a Sloan Digital Sky Survey perspective

We have performed 2D bulge/bar/disc decompositions using g, r and i-band images of a representative sample of nearly 1000 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We show that the Petrosian concentration index is a better proxy for bulge-to-total ratio than the global Sersic index. We show that pseudo-bulges can be distinguished from classical bulges as outliers in the Kormendy relation. We provide the structural parameters and distributions of stellar masses of ellipticals, classical bulges, pseudo- bulges, discs and bars, and find that 32 per cent of the total stellar mass in massive galaxies in the local universe is contained in ellipticals, 36 per cent in discs, 25 per cent in classical bulges, 3 per cent in pseudo-bulges and 4 per cent in bars. Pseudo-bulges are currently undergoing intense star formation activity and populate the blue cloud of the colour-magnitude diagram. Most (though not all) classical bulges are quiescent and populate the red sequence of the diagram. Classical bulges follow a correlation between bulge Sersic index and bulge-to-total ratio, while pseudo-bulges do not. In addition, for a fixed bulge-to-total ratio, pseudo-bulges are less concentrated than classical bulges. Pseudo-bulges follow a mass-size relation similar to that followed by bars, and different from that followed by classical bulges. In the fundamental plane, pseudo-bulges occupy the same locus as discs. While these results point out different formation processes for classical and pseudo-bulges, we also find a significant overlap in their properties, indicating that the different processes might happen concomitantly. Finally, classical bulges and ellipticals follow offset mass-size relations, suggesting that high-mass bulges might not be simply high-mass ellipticals surrounded by discs.
Network Reliability: The effect of local network structure on diffusive processes

This paper reintroduces the network reliability polynomial, introduced by Moore and Shannon [Moore and Shannon, J. Franklin Inst. 262, 191 (1956)], for studying the effect of network structure on the spread of diseases. We exhibit a representation of the polynomial that is well suited for estimation by distributed simulation. We describe a collection of graphs derived from Erdős-Rényi and scale-free-like random graphs in which we have manipulated assortativity-by-degree and the number of triangles. We evaluate the network reliability for all of these graphs under a reliability rule that is related to the expected size of a connected component. Through these extensive simulations, we show that for positively or neutrally assortative graphs, swapping edges to increase the number of triangles does not increase the network reliability. Also, positively assortative graphs are more reliable than neutral or disassortative graphs with the same number of edges. Moreover, we show the combined effect of both assortativity-by-degree and the presence of triangles on the critical point and the size of the smallest subgraph that is reliable.