Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Two Degrees of Freedom Resonant Control Scheme for Voltage-Sag Compensation in Dynamic Voltage Restorers

This paper presents a two degrees of freedom (2DOF) control scheme for voltage compensation in a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). It commences with the model of the DVR power circuit, which is the starting point for the control design procedure. The control scheme is based on a 2DOF structure implemented in a stationary reference frame ( $\alpha \text{--}\beta$), with two nested controllers used to obtain a passband behavior of the closed-loop transfer function, and is capable of achieving both a balanced and an unbalanced voltage-sag compensation. The 2DOF control has certain advantages with regard to traditional control methods, such as the possibility of ensuring that all the poles of the closed-loop transfer function are chosen without the need for observers and reducing the number of variables to be measured. The use of the well-known double control-loop schemes that employ feedback current controllers to reduce the resonance of the plant is, therefore, unnecessary. A simple control methodology permits the dynamic behavior of the system to be controlled and completely defines the location of the poles. Furthermore, extensive simulations and experimental results obtained using a 5-kW DVR laboratory prototype show the good performance of the proposed control strategy.
Comparing χ2 Tables for Separability of Distribution and Effect: Meta-Tests for Comparing Homogeneity and Goodness of Fit Contingency Test Outcomes

ABSTRACT This paper describes a series of statistical meta-tests for comparing independent contingency tables for different types of significant difference. Recognizing when an experiment obtains a significantly different result and when it does not is frequently overlooked in research publication. Papers are frequently published citing ‘p values’ or test scores suggesting a ‘stronger effect’ substituting for sound statistical reasoning. This paper sets out a series of tests that together illustrate the correct approach to this question. These meta-tests permit us to evaluate whether experiments have failed to replicate on new data; whether a particular data source or subcorpus obtains a significantly different result than another; or whether changing experimental parameters obtains a stronger effect. The meta-tests are derived mathematically from the χ2 test and the Wilson score interval, and consist of pairwise ‘point’ tests, ‘homogeneity’ tests and ‘goodness of fit’ tests. Meta-tests for comparing tests with one degree of freedom (e.g. ‘2 × 1ʹ and ‘2 × 2ʹ tests) are generalized to those of arbitrary size. Finally, we compare our approach with a competing approach offered by Zar, which, while straightforward to calculate, turns out to be both less powerful and less robust. (Note: A spreadsheet including all the tests in this paper is publicly available at www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/statspapers/2x2-x2-separability.xls.)
Adherence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale to chicken embryo lung cells as a pathogenic mechanism

ABSTRACT Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a bacterium that causes respiratory disease in birds and it has been isolated in countries with a large poultry production, including Mexico. The pathogenicity mechanisms of this bacterium have not been completely elucidated yet. The capacity of the bacterium to adhere to epithelial cells of chicken in vitro has been evidenced, and since this bacterium has been isolated from the lungs and air sacs of several avian species, the aim of this study was to determine if this bacterium can adhere to chicken lung cells. We used five O. rhinotracheale reference serovars (A–E) that were in contact with primary lung cells cultured from a 19-day-old chicken embryo. O. rhinotracheale adherence was evaluated through optical and transmission electron microscopies. The results revealed that O. rhinotracheale is capable of adhering to chicken embryo lung cells within 3 h of incubation with a diffuse adherence pattern. The adherence percentages of the chicken embryo lung cells were 51–96% according to the serovar of the bacterium. Relative adherence was from 4 to 8 bacteria per cell. Transmission electron microscope data revealed intracellular bacteria inside a vacuole in less than 3 h of incubation.
Effect of humidity on performance of turbojet engines

Report presenting an experimental and analytical investigation to determine the effect of humidity on turbojet-engine performance. The humidity effect was found to be very small with the magnitude depending on the basis of comparison. Results regarding the calculated humidity correction factors, experimental effect of humidity of engine performance, and variation of saturation specific humidity with altitude are provided.
PI(4,5)P2 controls plasma membrane PI4P and PS levels via ORP5/8 recruitment to ER–PM contact sites

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is a critically important regulatory lipid of the plasma membrane (PM); however, little is known about how cells regulate PM PI(4,5)P2 levels. Here, we show that the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)/phosphatidylserine (PS) transfer activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident ORP5 and ORP8 is regulated by both PM PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. Dynamic control of ORP5/8 recruitment to the PM occurs through interactions with the N-terminal Pleckstrin homology domains and adjacent basic residues of ORP5/8 with both PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. Although ORP5 activity requires normal levels of these inositides, ORP8 is called on only when PI(4,5)P2 levels are increased. Regulation of the ORP5/8 attachment to the PM by both phosphoinositides provides a powerful means to determine the relative flux of PI4P toward the ER for PS transport and Sac1-mediated dephosphorylation and PIP 5-kinase–mediated conversion to PI(4,5)P2. Using this rheostat, cells can maintain PI(4,5)P2 levels by adjusting the availability of PI4P in the PM.
Ultraproducts and Higher Order Formulas

Which ultraproducts preserve the validity of formulas of higher order logics? To answer this question, we will introduce natural topologies (which we call ultratopologies) on ultraproducts. We will show, that ultraproducts preserving certain higher order formulas can be characterized in terms of these topologies. As an application of the above results, we provide a constructive, purely model theoretic characterization for classes definable by second order existential formulas.
A Sparse Bayesian Approach for Forward-Looking Superresolution Radar Imaging

This paper presents a sparse superresolution approach for high cross-range resolution imaging of forward-looking scanning radar based on the Bayesian criterion. First, a novel forward-looking signal model is established as the product of the measurement matrix and the cross-range target distribution, which is more accurate than the conventional convolution model. Then, based on the Bayesian criterion, the widely-used sparse regularization is considered as the penalty term to recover the target distribution. The derivation of the cost function is described, and finally, an iterative expression for minimizing this function is presented. Alternatively, this paper discusses how to estimate the single parameter of Gaussian noise. With the advantage of a more accurate model, the proposed sparse Bayesian approach enjoys a lower model error. Meanwhile, when compared with the conventional superresolution methods, the proposed approach shows high cross-range resolution and small location error. The superresolution results for the simulated point target, scene data, and real measured data are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach.
Pathological correlations of [F‐18]‐AV‐1451 imaging in non‐alzheimer tauopathies

Recent studies have shown that positron emission tomography (PET) tracer AV‐1451 exhibits high binding affinity for paired helical filament (PHF)‐tau pathology in Alzheimer's brains. However, the ability of this ligand to bind to tau lesions in other tauopathies remains controversial. Our goal was to examine the correlation of in vivo and postmortem AV‐1451 binding patterns in three autopsy‐confirmed non‐Alzheimer tauopathy cases.
Prevention of lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation with entecavir plus tenofovir combination therapy and perioperative hepatitis B immunoglobulin only

T. Karlas, J. Hartmann, A. Weimann, M. Maier, M. Bartels, S. Jonas, J. Mössner, T. Berg, H.L. Tillmann, J. Wiegand. Prevention of lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation with entecavir plus tenofovir combination therapy and perioperative hepatitis B immunoglobulin only. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 299–302. All rights reserved
Moving Upstream in U.S. Hospital Care Toward Investments in Population Health

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The root causes for most health outcomes are often collectively referred to as the social determinants of health. Hospitals and health systems now must decide how much to “move upstream,” or invest in programs that directly affect the social determinants of health. Moving upstream in healthcare delivery requires an acceptance of responsibility for the health of populations. We examine responses of 950 nonfederal, general hospitals in the United States to the 2015 American Hospital Association Population Health Survey to identify characteristics that distinguish those hospitals that are most aligned with population health and most engaged in addressing social determinants of health. Those “upstream” hospitals are significantly more likely to be large, not-for-profit, metropolitan, teaching-affiliated, and members of systems. Internally, the more upstream hospitals are more likely to organize their population health activities with strong executive-level involvement, full-time-equivalent support, and coordination at the system level. The characteristics differentiating hospitals strongly involved in population health and upstream activity are not unlike those characteristics associated with diffusion of many innovations in hospitals. These hospitals may be the early adopters in a diffusion process that will eventually include most hospitals or, at least, most not-for-profit hospitals. Alternatively, the population health and social determinants movements could be transient or could be limited to a small portion of hospitals such as those identified here, with distinctive patient populations, missions, and resources.
SIRT6 delays cellular senescence by promoting p27Kip1 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation

Sirtuin6 (SIRT6) has been implicated as a key factor in aging and aging-related diseases. However, the role of SIRT6 in cellular senescence has not been fully understood. Here, we show that SIRT6 repressed the expression of p27Kip1 (p27) in cellular senescence. The expression of SIRT6 was reduced during cellular senescence, whereas enforced SIRT6 expression promoted cell proliferation and antagonized cellular senescence. In addition, we demonstrated that SIRT6 promoted p27 degradation by proteasome and SIRT6 decreased the acetylation level and protein half-life of p27. p27 acetylation increased its protein stability. Furthermore, SIRT6 directly interacted with p27. Importantly, p27 was strongly acetylated and had a prolonged protein half-life with the reduction of SIRT6 when cells were senescent, compared with those young cells. Finally, SIRT6 markedly rescued senescence induced by p27. Our findings indicate that SIRT6 decreases p27 acetylation, leading to its degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and then delays cellular senescence.
Elemental signatures of Pomacentrus coelestis otoliths at multiple spatial scales on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Elemental signatures in both the natal and post-settlement regions of otoliths from newly settled Pomacentrus coelestis were measured from multiple sites, reefs, years and reef clusters at different latitudes on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Significant differences in latitude and year were found for Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca in the post-settlement portion of the otoliths, and discriminant function analyses identified clear separations in otolith signatures from different reef clusters and years. The spatial and annual variation found in the post-settlement signatures was similar to that determined for the brooding damselfish Acanthochromis polyacanthus, and suggests that these 2 species record environmental variation in a similar manner. This similarity also extended to reefs, although some reefs showed persistent trends for individual elemental ratios. However, the natal portion of the otoliths proved less useful in discriminating groups, and appeared to be decoupled from the post-settlement portion of the otoliths. Such a decoupling could be the result of differences in the food source during the natal period, protein content of the 2 otolith portions which could potentially influence affinity for trace elements, or ontogenetic changes in the depositional process itself. Our findings indicate that robust elemental signatures are likely to be found among clusters of reefs rather than individual reefs, which has important ramifications for future studies attempting to discriminate reef fish populations.
Organic carbon burial efficiency in a subtropical hydroelectric reservoir

Abstract. Hydroelectric reservoirs bury significant amounts of organic carbon (OC) in their sediments. Many reservoirs are characterized by high sedimentation rates, low oxygen concentrations in bottom water and a high share of terrestrially derived OC, and all of these factors have been linked to a high efficiency of OC burial. However, investigations of OC burial efficiency (OCBE, i.e., the ratio between buried and deposited OC) in reservoirs are limited to a few studies, none of which include spatially resolved analyses. In this study we determined the spatial variation in OCBE in a large subtropical reservoir and related it to sediment characteristics. Our results show that the sediment accumulation rate explains up to 92 % of the spatial variability in OCBE, outweighing the effect of other variables, such as OC source and oxygen exposure time. OCBE at the pelagic sites varied from 48 to 86 % (mean 67 %) and decreased towards the dam. At the margins, OCBE was lower (9–17 %) due to the low sediment accumulation in shallow areas. Our data show that the variability in OCBE both along the rivers–dam and the margin–pelagic axes must be considered in whole-reservoir assessments. Combining these results with a spatially resolved assessment of sediment accumulation and OC burial in the studied reservoir, we estimated a spatially resolved mean OC burial efficiency of 57 %. Being the first assessment of OCBE with such a high spatial resolution in a reservoir, these results suggest that reservoirs may bury OC more efficiently than natural lakes.
A Compressed Sensing View of Unsupervised Text Embeddings, Bag-of-n-Grams, and LSTMs

—Low-dimensional embeddings, computed by LSTMs or other techniques, are a popular approach for capturing the “meaning” of text and a useful form of unsupervised learning. However, their power is not theoretically understood. We derive formal understanding by looking at the subcase of linear embedding schemes. Using compressed sensing theory we show that representations combining the constituent word vectors can be information-preserving linear measurements of Bag-of-n- Grams (BonG) representations of text. This leads to a new theoretical result about LSTMs: embeddings derived from a low-memory LSTM are provably at least as powerful on classiﬁcation tasks as a linear classiﬁer over BonG vectors, a result that extensive empirical work has thus far been unable to show. Our experiments support these ﬁndings and establish strong baselines on standard benchmarks. We also show a surprising new property of pretrained word embeddings: they form a sensing matrix for text that is more efﬁcient than random matrices, which may explain why they lead to better representations in practice. The full version of this work appears in the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2018). 1
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students taught using problem-based learning versus traditional methods

Abstract Objective: To compare depressive symptoms among medical students taught using problem-based learning (PBL) and the traditional method. Material and methods: Beck’s Depression Inventory was applied to 215 medical students. The prevalence of depression was calculated as the number of individuals with depression divided by the total number in the sample from each course, with 95% confidence intervals. The statistical significance level used was 5% (p ≤ .05). Results: Among the 215 students, 52.1% were male and 47.9% were female; and 51.6% were being taught using PBL methodology and 48.4% using traditional methods. The prevalence of depression was 29.73% with PBL and 22.12% with traditional methods. There was higher prevalence among females: 32.8% with PBL and 23.1% with traditional methods. The prevalence of depression with PBL among students up to 21 years of age was 29.4% and among those over 21 years, 32.1%. With traditional methods among students up to 21 years of age, it was 16.7%%, and among those over 21 years, 30.1%. The prevalence of depression with PBL was highest among students in the second semester and with traditional methods, in the eighth. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were highly prevalent among students taught both with PBL and with traditional methods.
A Preferred-Habitat Model of the Term Structure of Interest Rates

We model the term structure of interest rates that results from the interaction between investors with preferences for specific maturities and risk‐averse arbitrageurs. Shocks to the short rate are transmitted to long rates through arbitrageurs' carry trades. Arbitrageurs earn rents from transmitting the shocks through bond risk premia that relate positively to the slope of the term structure. When the short rate is the only risk factor, changes in investor demand have the same relative effect on interest rates across maturities regardless of the maturities where they originate. When investor demand is also stochastic, demand effects become more localized. A calibration indicates that long rates underreact to forward‐guidance announcements about short rates. Large‐scale asset purchases can be more effective in moving long rates, especially if they are concentrated at long maturities.
Inflammatory monocytes hinder antiviral B cell responses

LCMV evades B cell responses by recruiting inflammatory monocytes to draining lymph nodes. See related Research Articles by Fallet et al. and Moseman et al. and a Focus by Laidlaw et al. B cells hoisted by their own petard: IFN-I Certain pathogens, including HIV and hepatitis viruses, that lead to persistent infections are often associated with suboptimal antibody responses. Using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice, Fallet et al., Moseman et al., and Sammicheli et al. report that up-regulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) in the early phase of infection is a key contributor to premature deletion of virus-specific B cells. Blockade of IFN-I prevents B cell deletion. Although the studies agree that IFN-I does not act directly on B cells, they found that distinct immune cells mediate IFN-I–dependent deletion of B cells, depending on the system examined. Targeting of the IFN-I pathway could be used to restore B cell responses during persistent viral infections in humans. Antibodies are critical for protection against viral infections. However, several viruses, such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), avoid the induction of early protective antibody responses by poorly understood mechanisms. We analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of B cell activation to show that, upon subcutaneous infection, LCMV-specific B cells readily relocate to the interfollicular and T cell areas of draining lymph nodes, where they extensively interact with CD11b+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes. These myeloid cells were recruited to lymph nodes draining LCMV infection sites in a type I interferon– and CCR2-dependent fashion, and they suppressed antiviral B cell responses by virtue of their ability to produce nitric oxide. Depletion of inflammatory monocytes, inhibition of their lymph node recruitment, or impairment of their nitric oxide–producing ability enhanced LCMV-specific B cell survival and led to robust neutralizing antibody production. Our results identify inflammatory monocytes as critical gatekeepers that restrain antiviral B cell responses and suggest that certain viruses take advantage of these cells to prolong their persistence within the host.
Comparison of arch form between ethnic Malays and Malaysian Aborigines in Peninsular Malaysia

Objective To determine and compare the frequency distribution of various arch shapes in ethnic Malays and Malaysian Aborigines in Peninsular Malaysia and to investigate the morphological differences of arch form between these two ethnic groups. Methods We examined 120 ethnic Malay study models (60 maxillary, 60 mandibular) and 129 Malaysian Aboriginal study models (66 maxillary, 63 mandibular). We marked 18 buccal tips and incisor line angles on each model, and digitized them using 2-dimensional coordinate system. Dental arches were classified as square, ovoid, or tapered by printing the scanned images and superimposing Orthoform arch templates on them. Results The most common maxillary arch shape in both ethnic groups was ovoid, as was the most common mandibular arch shape among ethnic Malay females. The rarest arch shape was square. Chi-square tests, indicated that only the distribution of the mandibular arch shape was significantly different between groups (p = 0.040). However, when compared using independent t-tests, there was no difference in the mean value of arch width between groups. Arch shape distribution was not different between genders of either ethnic group, except for the mandibular arch of ethnic Malays. Conclusions Ethnic Malays and Malaysian Aborigines have similar dental arch dimensions and shapes.
Coming of Age With Cancer: Physical, Social, and Financial Barriers to Independence Among Emerging Adult Survivors

PURPOSE To explore the transition to self-care among a sample of emerging adult cancer survivors after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). PARTICIPANTS & SETTING 18 HCT survivors who were aged 18-29 years at the time of HCT for a primary hematologic malignancy and were 8-60 months post-HCT participated in the study. The study took place in the hematology outpatient setting at City of Hope National Medical Center. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH The authors conducted in-depth semistructured interviews and analyzed interview transcripts using grounded theory methodology. FINDINGS Health-related setbacks following HCT disrupted not only participants' journey toward self-care, but also their overarching developmental trajectory toward adulthood. Physically, participants struggled with lack of personal space around caregivers, but felt unready to live on their own. Socially, they relied on multiple caregivers to avoid relying too much on any one person. Financially, participants worried about prolonged dependence and increased needs in the future. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses can support the transition to self-care among emerging adults after HCT by recognizing the broader developmental impact of their cancer experience.