Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The PANAS-X manual for the positive and negative affect schedule

A network is disclosed for automatically checking the skew and character spacing of digital tape drive systems to indicate out-of-tolerance conditions of those parameters. The network enables a tape drive to check its own recording accuracy as well as that of tapes recorded on other drives. In operation, the first detected pulse of each character triggers a monostable multi-vibrator which locks out further data pulses and initiates a window pulse equal in length to the maximum permissible skew. At the end of the window pulse data pulses may again be received. If a pulse is received after termination of the window pulse, the skew is determined to exceed specifications and a skew error indication is given by the illumination of a display light, for example. A similar circuit arrangement is provided for detecting character spacing which is less than the minimum required for unambiguous data reproduction.
Investigating the insiders’ perspectives about dynamic assessment process and practicality

This study is an attempt to provide an understanding of insiders’ perspectives, EFL learners and teachers, about the process and practicality of dynamic assessment in the educational setting of Iran. Regarding these aims in mind, the participants, 25 EFL teachers, were required to fill out two questionnaires. Forty-five EFL learners were also asked to answer to a survey questionnaire, after a process of DA interventionist model while participants were instructed to write an essay. The results revealed that student participants had positive opinions towards DA in the language classrooms, though their views were not strongly positive. The analyzed teachers’ questionnaire data indicated that teachers mostly believed that the DA practicality in Iranian English classroom was low. Implications and suggestions for further research were also offered.
Learning Subgoal Sequences for Planning

A learning problem solver consists of three components: (1) a problem solver, (2) a memory of problem-solving knowledge, and (3) a learning component for deriving new problemsolving knowledge from experience. Previous learning problem solvers have acquired knowledge as macros, control knowledge, or cases. SteppingStone is a general learning problem solver that improves its performance by learning subgoal sequences. The underlying problem solver for SteppingStone is a combination of means-ends analysis and brute-force search. It depends primarily upon means-ends analysis and its problem-solving knowledge to solve the subgoals of the problem. Learning occurs only when this approach fails. Upon failure, search is applied and a new subgoal sequence is derived and added to its problem-solving knowledge. Before SteppingStone attempts to solve any of the problem subgoals, it first orders them with a domain independent heuristic which we call openness. Openness is used to order the subgoals to minimize interactions. Stepping-Stone's ability to improve its performance and scale to difficult problems is demonstrated with an implemented system. We show that a small memory of appropriate subgoals yields multiple orders of magnitude savings in problem-solving cost.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Minat Mahasiswa Untuk Mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk)

The purpose of this study is to determine factors that influence students’ interest in enrolling in the accounting professional education ( PPAk). Some independent variables are hypothesised to have influence on the students interests. Sample of this study is 609 students majoring in accounting at semesters 6 and 8 at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) . To answer research hypotheses, data were analysed by using multiple regression test. The result shows that variables of motivation for quality, motivation for gaining knowledge, education costs, and lenght of study have positive and significant effects on students’ educational interests in enrolling in PPAk. On the other hand, variables of career motivation, economic motivation, social motivation, title motivation, and motivation to take USAP exam do not have effect on students’ interest to take PPAk.
Putative role of ischemic postconditioning in a rat model of limb ischemia and reperfusion: involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is one of the most potent angiogenic growth factors. It improves angiogenesis and tissue perfusion in ischemic skeletal muscle. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ischemic postconditioning is effective for salvaging ischemic skeletal muscle resulting from limb ischemia-reperfusion injury, and that the mechanism involves expression of HIF-1α. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=36 each): sham-operated (group S), hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (group IR), and ischemic postconditioning (group IPO). Each group was divided into subgroups (n=6) according to reperfusion time: immediate (0 h, T0), 1 h (T1), 3 h (T3), 6 h (T6), 12 h (T12), and 24 h (T24). In the IPO group, three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s femoral aortic reocclusion were carried out before reperfusion. At all reperfusion times (T0-T24), serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations, were measured in rats after they were killed. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the skeletal muscle damage and HIF-1α expression in skeletal muscle ischemia. In groups IR and IPO, serum LDH and CK activities and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations were all significantly increased compared to group S, and HIF-1α expression was up-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In group IPO, serum LDH and CK activities and TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were significantly decreased, IL-10 concentration was increased, HlF-1α expression was down-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the pathological changes were reduced compared to group IR. The present study suggests that ischemic postconditioning can reduce skeletal muscle damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion and that its mechanisms may be related to the involvement of HlF-1α in the limb ischemia-reperfusion injury-triggered inflammatory response.
Measuring API documentation on the web

Software development blogs, developer forums and Q&A websites are changing the way software is documented. With these tools, developers can create and communicate knowledge and experiences without relying on a central authority to provide official documentation. Instead, any content created by a developer is just a web search away. To understand whether documentation via social media can replace or augment more traditional forms of documentation, we study the extent to which the methods of one particular API - jQuery - are documented on the Web. We analyze 1,730 search results and show that software development blogs in particular cover 87.9% of the API methods, mainly featuring tutorials and personal experiences about using the methods. Further, this effort is shared by a large group of developers contributing just a few blog posts. Our findings indicate that social media is more than a niche in software documentation, that it can provide high levels of coverage and that it gives readers a chance to engage with authors.
Exploiting Data Dependencies in Many-Valued Logics

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to make some pratically relevant results in automated theorem proving available to many-valued logics with suitable modifications. We are working with a notion of many-valued first-order clauses which any finitely- valued logic formula can be translated into and that has been used several times in the literature, but in an ad hoc way. We give a many-valued version of polarity which in turn leads to natural many-valued counterparts of Horn formulas, hyperresolution, and a Davis—Putnam procedure. We show that the many-valued generalizations share many of the desirable properties of the classical versions. Our results justify and generalize several earlier results on theorem proving in many-valued logics.
Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, and Spatial Attention

Despite strong implication of the neuromodulators acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) in cognitive tasks, there is little consensus on their computational functions. We propose that they report uncertainties: ACh signals expected uncertainty, coming from known variability within a context; NE signals unexpected uncertainty, as when the environment is dramatically changed. We apply these ideas to a novel attention task, which allows explicit manipulation of expected and unexpected uncertainties. In our model, ACh and NE interact in a precisely specified and part-opponent, part-synergistic manner. Simulation results replicate existent data, and make experimentally tractable predictions regarding neuronal responses and certain psychophysical measures.
Seasonal and Diel Activity Patterns of Eight Sympatric Mammals in Northern Japan Revealed by an Intensive Camera-Trap Survey

The activity patterns of mammals are generally categorized as nocturnal, diurnal, crepuscular (active at twilight), and cathemeral (active throughout the day). These patterns are highly variable across regions and seasons even within the same species. However, quantitative data is still lacking, particularly for sympatric species. We monitored the seasonal and diel activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in Hokkaido, Japan. Through an intensive camera-trap survey a total of 13,279 capture events were recorded from eight mammals over 20,344 camera-trap days, i.e., two years. Diel activity patterns were clearly divided into four categories: diurnal (Eurasian red squirrels), nocturnal (raccoon dogs and raccoons), crepuscular (sika deer and mountain hares), and cathemeral (Japanese martens, red foxes, and brown bears). Some crepuscular and cathemeral mammals shifted activity peaks across seasons. Particularly, sika deer changed peaks from twilight during spring–autumn to day-time in winter, possibly because of thermal constraints. Japanese martens were cathemeral during winter–summer, but nocturnal in autumn. We found no clear indication of predator-prey and competitive interactions, suggesting that animal densities are not very high or temporal niche partitioning is absent among the target species. This long-term camera-trap survey was highly cost-effective and provided one of the most detailed seasonal and diel activity patterns in multiple sympatric mammals under natural conditions.
The relationship between findings on magnetic resonance imaging and previous history of low back pain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and previous low back pain (LBP) in participants without current LBP. Current LBP was defined as LBP during the past month. Previous LBP was defined as a history of medical consultation for LBP. Ninety-one participants without current LBP were included. Sagittal T2-weighted MRI was used to assess the intervertebral space from T12/L1 to L5/S1. These images were classified into five grades based on the Pfirrmann grading system. Furthermore, we evaluated the presence of disk bulging, high-intensity zone, and spondylolisthesis. We compared the MRI findings between groups with (27 participants) and without (64 participants) previous LBP without current LBP. Intraobserver and interobserver kappa values were evaluated. Participants had an average age of 34.9 years; 47 were female and 44 were male; and their average body mass index was 21.8 kg/m2. Compared to the group of participants without previous LBP, the group of participants with previous LBP had a significantly higher incidence of disk degeneration such as a Pfirrmann grade ≥3, disk bulging, and high-intensity zone in the analyses adjusted by age and sex. There were no significant differences in spondylolisthesis between the groups. An odds ratio of >10 was only found for Pfirrmann grade ≥3, ie, a Pfirrmann grade ≥3 was strongly associated with a history of previous LBP in participants without current LBP.
A comparison of three methodologies for the computation of V-index

Spatial heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization (SHVR) can be assessed from surface ECGs using the V-index. The purpose of this study was to compare three algorithms for its estimate (which, for conciseness, will be termed M0, M1 and M2 in here). In deriving the V-index, the T-wave is modelled as a linear combination of a waveform (dominant T wave, DTW) and its derivatives, through scalar lead factors. M0, M1 and M2 differ in: i) number of DTW derivatives (2 for M0 and M1, 5 for M2); ii) numerical (M0 and M1) or analytical approximation (M2) of the DTW; and iii) a common DTW shared (M1) across beats.
Java Code Analysis and Transformation into AWS Lambda Functions

Software developers are faced with the issue of either adapting their programming model to the execution model (e.g. cloud platforms) or finding appropriate tools to adapt the model and code automatically. A recent execution model which would benefit from automated enablement is Function-as-a-Service. Automating this process requires a pipeline which includes steps for code analysis, transformation and deployment. In this paper, we outline the design and runtime characteristics of Podilizer, a tool which implements the pipeline specifically for Java source code as input and AWS Lambda as output. We contribute technical and economic metrics about this concrete 'FaaSification' process by observing the behaviour of Podilizer with two representative Java software projects.
Mining Software Repositories with Topic Models

List, So, what do we need in order to find our way to indexonly scans? 1. The visibility map needs to be crash-safe. The basic idea of index-only scans is that, instead of checking the heap to find out whether each tuple is visible, we first check the visibility map. If the visibility map bit is set, then we know all tuples on the page are visible to Hi all, I use psql's -E mode every now and then, copyand-pasting and further tweaking the SQL displayed. Most queries are displayed terminated by a semicolon, but quite a few aren't, making copy-and-paste just a bit more tedious.
Bupivacaine-induced Vasodilation Is Mediated by Decreased Calcium Sensitization in Isolated Endothelium-denuded Rat Aortas Precontracted with Phenylephrine

Background A toxic dose of bupivacaine produces vasodilation in isolated aortas. The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the cellular mechanism associated with bupivacaine-induced vasodilation in isolated endotheliumdenuded rat aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. Methods Isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortas were suspended for isometric tension recordings. The effects of nifedipine, verapamil, iberiotoxin, 4-aminopyridine, barium chloride, and glibenclamide on bupivacaine concentration-response curves were assessed in endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. The effect of phenylephrine and KCl used for precontraction on bupivacaine-induced concentration-response curves was assessed. The effects of verapamil on phenylephrine concentration-response curves were assessed. The effects of bupivacaine on the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and tension in aortas precontracted with phenylephrine were measured simultaneously with the acetoxymethyl ester of a fura-2-loaded aortic strip. Results Pretreatment with potassium channel inhibitors had no effect on bupivacaine-induced relaxation in the endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted with phenylephrine, whereas verapamil or nifedipine attenuated bupivacaine-induced relaxation. The magnitude of the bupivacaine-induced relaxation was enhanced in the 100 mM KCl-induced precontracted aortas compared with the phenylephrine-induced precontracted aortas. Verapamil attenuated the phenylephrine-induced contraction. The magnitude of the bupivacaine-induced relaxation was higher than that of the bupivacaine-induced [Ca2+]i decrease in the aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that toxic-dose bupivacaine-induced vasodilation appears to be mediated by decreased calcium sensitization in endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. In addition, potassium channel inhibitors had no effect on bupivacaine-induced relaxation. Toxic-dose bupivacaine- induced vasodilation may be partially associated with the inhibitory effect of voltage-operated calcium channels.
Teachers’ perceptions of school climate as an indicator of their beliefs of effective teaching

Abstract The ability to express oneself clearly in both a mother tongue and a foreign language is a foundation principle of the new national curriculum in Estonia. Therefore, research was conducted to determine whether there was a possible relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions of effective teaching and the contextual evaluation of the school. The aim of this article is to describe the relationship between the perceptions of school climate and effective teaching among EFL teachers. The study revealed that EFL teachers’ perceptions of the school climate correlate to some extent with their perceptions of effective teaching practices, with some differences between teachers of Estonian-language schools compared with those of Russian-language schools. The research also highlighted that senior management should place more emphasis on creating a cooperative school climate for developing a learner-centred teaching approach as one of the foundation principles of the new national curriculum.
Incidence of Vascular Anomalies and Variants Associated with Unilateral Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus in 242 Patients Based on Dual-phase Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography

Background: A comprehensive assessment of various vascular anomalies and variants associated with venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT) by radiography is essential for therapeutic planning and improving the clinical outcome. This study evaluated the incidence of various vascular anomalies and variants on the PT side and determined whether these lesions occurred as multiple or single entities. Methods: The dual-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of 242 patients with unilateral venous PT were retrospectively reviewed. The vascular anomalies and variants on the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides were analyzed, and the incidences of anomalies or variants on each side were compared. The number of anomalies and variants on the symptomatic side in each patient was calculated. Results: (1) A total 170 patients (170/242) had more than one anomaly or variant on the symptomatic side, and 58 patients (58/242) had a single lesion on tomography. (2) There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of dehiscent sigmoid plate (P = 0.000), lateral sinus stenosis (P = 0.014), high jugular bulb (P = 0.000), sigmoid sinus diverticulum (P = 0.000), jugular bulb diverticulum (P = 0.000), dehiscent jugular bulb (P = 0.000), and a large emissary vein (P = 0.006) between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides. (3) Dehiscent sigmoid plate (86.4%) was the most frequent lesion on the symptomatic side, followed by lateral sinus stenosis (55.8%), high jugular bulb (47.1%), sigmoid sinus diverticulum (34.3%), jugular bulb diverticulum (13.6%), dehiscent jugular bulb (13.6%), large emissary vein (4.1%), sinus thrombosis (1.2%), and petrosquamosal sinus (0.8%). Conclusions: Various vascular anomalies and variants occur more frequently on the venous PT side. Preliminary findings suggest that venous PT patients may have multiple vascular anomalies or variants on the symptomatic side.
EvoPipes.net: Bioinformatic Tools for Ecological and Evolutionary Genomics

Recent increases in the production of genomic data are yielding new opportunities and challenges for biologists. Among the chief problems posed by next-generation sequencing are assembly and analyses of these large data sets. Here we present an online server, http://EvoPipes.net, that provides access to a wide range of tools for bioinformatic analyses of genomic data oriented for ecological and evolutionary biologists. The EvoPipes.net server includes a basic tool kit for analyses of genomic data including a next-generation sequence cleaning pipeline (SnoWhite), scaffolded assembly software (SCARF), a reciprocal best-blast hit ortholog pipeline (RBH Orthologs), a pipeline for reference protein-based translation and identification of reading frame in transcriptome and genomic DNA (TransPipe), a pipeline to identify gene families and summarize the history of gene duplications (DupPipe), and a tool for developing SSRs or microsatellites from a transcriptome or genomic coding sequence collection (findSSR). EvoPipes.net also provides links to other software developed for evolutionary and ecological genomics, including chromEvol and NU-IN, as well as a forum for discussions of issues relating to genomic analyses and interpretation of results. Overall, these applications provide a basic bioinformatic tool kit that will enable ecologists and evolutionary biologists with relatively little experience and computational resources to take advantage of the opportunities provided by next-generation sequencing in their systems.
Variance and Informativity inDifferent Measures of Linguistic Acceptability

In this paper, we deal with the issue of variability in different measures of linguistic acceptability. It has been argued that acceptability, when measured with the magnitude estimation method (ME), reveals the underlying gradience of linguistic judgments, while other measures, like Likert-scale judgments (e.g. on a 7-point scale) do not provide the same amount of information about the gradient basis of linguistic judgments. We will question this assumption by claiming that not only do Likert-scale judgments provide the same amount of information about a given empirical hypothesis, but also that the inherent variability of ME judgments makes them more susceptible to the production of spurious variance. We will back up these claims by reporting data from a study which compares three different measures of linguistic acceptability, categorical, Likert-scale, and ME. This study was concerned with a phenomenon which has attracted much attention in the literature on linguistic judgments, namely word order variation in German. For the empirical hypothesis we investigated, all three measures of acceptability contain the same amount of information relevant to hypothesis testing. In addition, we show that ME judgments contain more spurious variance and hence are more vulnerable to a reduction in statistical power. The next section deals with the issues of gradience and variance in different measures of linguistic acceptability. Section 3 reports on the empirical study. The final section discusses the findings and relates them back to the question of informativity and variability of different acceptability measures.