Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Trait, Type A Behavior, and Physical Fitness Variables to Cardiovascular Reactivity and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Potential

Purpose. This research investigated the effects of individual characteristics on cardiovascular reactivity, and in turn on the potential for developing coronary heart disease. Design. Path analysis was performed using LISREL, a structural equation modeling program providing maximum likelihood estimators and goodness-of-fit measures. Setting. Data were collected during a health assessment program, from participants attending a Department of Defense senior service school. Subjects. Participants were 134 senior-ranking male military and civilian employee volunteers, representing approximately 84 % of all students in training. Measures. Five individual characteristics, four measures of cardiovascular reactivity, and one coronary heart disease risk potential variable were investigated. These included Physical Fitness, Type A behavior, Trait Anger and Trait Anxiety, Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressure measures, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Results. Significant path coefficients (critical ratios > 2) indicated that the mean diastolic blood pressure under a video stress condition was predictive of increased potential of developing coronary heart disease (.51), while hard driving Type A behavior was a cardiovascular reactivity antecedent associated with an increase in coronary heart disease risk directly (.14) and indirectly (.39). Physical fitness, on the other hand, had a positive affect in that increased fitness was related to lower cardiovascular reactivity when participants were stressed (−.58). Conclusions. Physical fitness is indirectly beneficial in reducing coronary heart disease risk potential by reducing an individual's diastolic blood pressure response, while scoring high as a Type A Hard Driving personality increases cardiovascular reactivity and coronary heart disease risk. This study is limited to middle-aged males who were generally healthy and displayed concern for their health.
Investigations of puncture behaviors of woven fabrics from finite element analyses and experimental tests

This paper reports the puncture behaviors of woven fabrics from experimental and finite element analyses (FEAs) approaches. In the experimental approach, the puncture behaviors of three kinds of woven fabrics, plain woven, 2/2 twill woven, and 2/1 twill, were tested under quasi-static conditions and the puncture load-displacement curves of the fabrics were obtained. The puncture damage morphologies were also observed. In FEA simulation, the puncture damage evolutions were calculated at the microstructure level and compared with those in experimental approach. Good agreements between the experimental and FEA approaches were found. From the FEA results, it was found that the puncture damage includes three stages: fabric tension, weft and warp yarn slippage, and yarn breakage and pullout. It was also found that there are almost no differences when the puncture acts at the interweaving point or between interweaving point for the three kinds of woven fabric. It is expected that such an investigation could provide guidance to the design of technical woven fabrics, such as geotextiles, tufted carpet the background layer, and flexible pipeline tubes, which often suffer from the puncture damages.
Hemodynamic and cardiac effects of BMS-180448, a novel K+ATP opener, in anesthetized dogs and isolated rat hearts.

Hemodynamic and cardiac effects of BMS-180448 (0.3-10 mg/kg i.v.) or cromakalim (0.01-0.3 mg/kg i.v.) were evaluated in anesthetized open-chest dogs and isolated perfused rat hearts. In the canine studies, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure and left ventricular pressure were measured as well as electromagnetic blood flows recorded from the aortic, renal, coronary and femoral vascular beds. BMS-180448 was 187-fold less potent than cromakalim in lowering blood pressure (ED-20 values of 7.84, and 0.042 mg/kg for BMS-180448 and cromakalim, respectively). Both compounds increased HR. Effects of BMS-180448 occurred at doses higher than those of cromakalim, but at doses slightly lower than those needed to cause hypotension (ED(HR)/ED(MABP) ratio of 0.18 for BMS-180448). BMS-180448 had no effect on myocardial contractility or relaxation over the doses studied, whereas cromakalim significantly increased +dP/dt and lowered -dP/dt. Effects on +dP/dt were associated with a decrease in blood pressure. Although BMS-180448 reduced total peripheral resistance (ED-25 = 5.75 mg/kg), it had little effect on specific vascular beds, with the exception of the coronary bed. BMS-180448, unlike cromakalim which caused more general vasodilating effects, appeared to be relatively selective in dilating the coronary vascular bed. In isolated perfused rat hearts, BMS-180448, 10-fold more potent as a cardioprotectant (EC25 = 2.7 microM) than as a cardiodepressant (ED-25 = 27.8 microM), had no effect on HR, suggesting a lack of effect of BMS-180448 on myocardial conduction. In conclusion, BMS-180448, a recently developed K+ATP opener, exerted less hypotensive and more selective vascular effects than did cromakalim. These results suggest that BMS-180448, at doses previously reported to give cardioprotection, should have a safe hemodynamic profile.
The effect of carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide incorporated in PDMS on biofilm community composition and subsequent mussel plantigrade settlement

Abstract This study investigated the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) incorporated in PDMS on biofilm formation and plantigrade settlement of Mytilus coruscus. TiO2 increased bacterial density, and CNTs also increased bacterial density but reduced diatom density in biofilms after 28 days. Further analysis was conducted between bacterial communities on glass, PDMS, CNTs (0.5 wt%) and TiO2 (7.5 wt%). ANOSIM analysis revealed significant differences (R > 0.9) between seven, 14, 21 and 28 day-old bacterial communities. MiSeq sequencing showed that CNTs and TiO2 impacted the composition of 28 day-old bacterial communities by increasing the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes. The maximum decreased settlement rate in 28 day-old biofilms on CNTs and TiO2 was > 50% in comparison to those on glass and PDMS. Thus, CNTs and TiO2 incorporated in PDMS altered the biomass and community composition of biofilms, and subsequently decreased mussel settlement.
Patterns of Use and Patient Satisfaction with Breast Reconstruction among Obese Patients: Results from a Population-Based Study

Background: The national obesity epidemic is contributing to an increased proportion of overweight and obese breast cancer patients. The authors' purpose was to determine whether patterns of use and outcomes of reconstruction differed among obese and nonobese patients. Methods: The authors performed a 5-year follow-up survey of mastectomy-treated breast cancer patients from the Los Angeles and Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Cancer Registries (response rate, 59 percent). Patients were divided into three body mass index categories: normal weight (body mass index <25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to 30 kg/m2), and obese (>30 kg/m2). Outcomes of interest were receipt of reconstruction, type and timing of reconstruction, access barriers, and satisfaction. Chi-square and t tests were used for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of autologous reconstruction. Results: Of 374 mastectomy-treated patients, receipt of reconstruction did not vary by body mass index (53 percent normal weight, 48 percent overweight, and 45 percent obese; p = 0.43). Receipt did vary by type of reconstruction: significantly more obese patients received transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps compared with normal weight patients (53 percent versus 26 percent; p = 0.01). No specific access barriers to reconstruction were identified. Patient satisfaction with surgical decision-making and surgical outcomes was similar across body mass index categories. Conclusions: Obese compared with normal weight breast cancer patients have similar use of breast reconstruction, are more likely to receive an autologous procedure, and report similar satisfaction with surgical outcomes. Future efforts should be directed at decreasing the surgical risk in this challenging patient population. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.
Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Uterine Adenosarcoma

Purpose This study retrospectively evaluated overall survival (OS) by treatment of recurrent or metastatic uterine adenosarcoma including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy and evaluated OS and progression-free survival (PFS) after 1st line systemic chemotherapy. Methods 78 patients with recurrent or metastatic adenosarcoma comprised the study population. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS and PFS. The log-rank test was performed to test the difference in survival between groups. Results Median OS from diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic disease was 1.8 yrs. OS was influenced by pathology on recurrence, p=0.035. Median OS differed by surgery for 1st recurrence 26.3 months versus 15.1 months. OS was not influenced by chemotherapy, p=0.58, palliative radiation, p=0.58, or hormonal therapy, p=0.15. The response rate (CR + PR) per RECIST 1.1 for chemotherapy was 31.2% for doxorubicin-based regimens and 14.3% for gemcitabine/docetaxel. OS since 1st line chemotherapy was not significantly different among chemotherapy regimens. However, the median PFS was superior for doxorubicin/ifosfamide (15.4 months) compared to gemcitabine/docetaxel (5.0 months), platinum-based regimens (5.7 mo), or other doxorubicin-based regimens (6.5 months). Conclusion These results suggest that surgery is an important treatment modality for recurrent or metastatic uterine adenosarcoma, and the most effective chemotherapeutics are doxorubicin/ifosfamide and gemcitabine/docetaxel.
Enhancement of Hydrophilicity of PET Fabric by Sugar-lactone (3)

Our previous works indicated that reaction of PET fibers having amino groups with sugar-lactone enhanced the hygroscopic properties of PET fibers largely, but their reaction speed was very slow. In this paper, we investigated the irradiation conditions of microwave to shorten their reaction time. Interestingly, reaction of PET fibers with gluconolactone in the presence of 1000 W microwave irradiation was complete within 30 min, which reaction speed was about 50 times compared with the above conventional heating. Furthermore, their other fiber properties such as mechanical strength and dyeing ability were also examined to clarify the mechanism of this microwave-assisted reaction.
Things that Go Bump in the Night: Frequency and Predictors of Nightmares in Anxious and Nonanxious Children

Frequency and predictors of nightmares among children 7–11 years old with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 42) and no diagnosis (n = 44) were examined using both prospective and retrospective child and parent reports. Both children with GAD and their parents reported significantly more nightmares than controls based on retrospective reports, but the groups did not differ when nightmares were assessed daily across a one-week prospective period. Females reported more nightmares than males according to prospective assessment only. Controlling for sex and group, child sleep anxiety and presleep somatic arousal predicted parent but not child report of nightmares. Results suggest both clinically anxious youth and their parents overestimate the occurrence of nightmares, yet factors influencing retrospective accounts appear to differ across informants.
Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene variants and the risk of isolated cleft lip or palate.

BACKGROUND Cleft lip or palate (or the two in combination) is a common birth defect that results from a mixture of genetic and environmental factors. We searched for a specific genetic factor contributing to this complex trait by examining large numbers of affected patients and families and evaluating a specific candidate gene. METHODS We identified the gene that encodes interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) as a candidate gene on the basis of its involvement in an autosomal dominant form of cleft lip and palate, Van der Woude's syndrome. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in this gene results in either a valine or an isoleucine at amino acid position 274 (V274I). We carried out transmission-disequilibrium testing for V274I in 8003 individual subjects in 1968 families derived from 10 populations with ancestry in Asia, Europe, and South America, haplotype and linkage analyses, and case-control analyses, and determined the risk of cleft lip or palate that is associated with genetic variation in IRF6. RESULTS Strong evidence of overtransmission of the valine (V) allele was found in the entire population data set (P<10(-9)); moreover, the results for some individual populations from South America and Asia were highly significant. Variation at IRF6 was responsible for 12 percent of the genetic contribution to cleft lip or palate and tripled the risk of recurrence in families that had already had one affected child. CONCLUSIONS DNA-sequence variants associated with IRF6 are major contributors to cleft lip, with or without cleft palate. The contribution of variants in single genes to cleft lip or palate is an important consideration in genetic counseling.
Novel splice-site and missense mutations in the ALDH1A3 gene underlying autosomal recessive anophthalmia/microphthalmia

Aim This study aimed to identify the underlying genetic defect responsible for anophthalmia/microphthalmia. Methods In total, two Turkish families with a total of nine affected individuals were included in the study. Affymetrix 250 K single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and homozygosity mapping were used to identify the localisation of the genetic defect in question. Coding region of the ALDH1A3 gene was screened via direct sequencing. cDNA samples were generated from primary fibroblast cell cultures for expression analysis. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis was performed using direct sequencing of the obtained fragments. Results The causative genetic defect was mapped to chromosome 15q26.3. A homozygous G>A substitution (c.666G>A) at the last nucleotide of exon 6 in the ALDH1A3 gene was identified in the first family. Further cDNA sequencing of ALDH1A3 showed that the c.666G>A mutation caused skipping of exon 6, which predicted in-frame loss of 43 amino acids (p.Trp180_Glu222del). A novel missense c.1398C>A mutation in exon 12 of ALDH1A3 that causes the substitution of a conserved asparagine by lysine at amino acid position 466 (p.Asn466Lys) was observed in the second family. No extraocular findings—except for nevus flammeus in one affected individual and a variant of Dandy–Walker malformation in another affected individual—were observed. Autistic-like behaviour and mental retardation were observed in three cases. Conclusions In conclusion, novel ALDH1A3 mutations identified in the present study confirm the pivotal role of ALDH1A3 in human eye development. Autistic features, previously reported as an associated finding, were considered to be the result of social deprivation and inadequate parenting during early infancy in the presented families.
Immune-Related Tumor Response Dynamics in Melanoma Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab: Identifying Markers for Clinical Outcome and Treatment Decisions

Purpose: Characterize tumor burden dynamics during PD-1 inhibitor therapy and investigate the association with overall survival (OS) in advanced melanoma. Experimental Design: The study included 107 advanced melanoma patients treated with pembrolizumab. Tumor burden dynamics were assessed on serial CT scans using irRECIST and were studied for the association with OS. Results: Among 107 patients, 96 patients had measurable tumor burden and 11 had nontarget lesions alone at baseline. In the 96 patients, maximal tumor shrinkage ranged from −100% to 567% (median, −18.5%). Overall response rate was 44% (42/96; 5 immune-related complete responses, 37 immune-related partial responses). Tumor burden remained <20% increase from baseline throughout therapy in 57 patients (55%). Using a 3-month landmark analysis, patients with <20% tumor burden increase from baseline had longer OS than patients with ≥20% increase (12-month OS rate: 82% vs. 53%). In extended Cox models, patients with <20% tumor burden increase during therapy had significantly reduced hazards of death [HR = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08–0.43; P < 0.0001 univariate; HR = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08–0.41; P < 0.0001, multivariable]. Four patients (4%) experienced pseudoprogression; 3 patients had target lesion increase with subsequent response, which was noted after confirmed immune-related progressive disease (irPD). One patient without measurable disease progressed with new lesion that subsequently regressed. Conclusions: Tumor burden increase of <20% from the baseline during pembrolizumab therapy was associated with longer OS, proposing a practical marker for treatment decision guides that needs to be prospectively validated. Pseudoprogressors may experience response after confirmed irPD, indicating a limitation of the current strategy for immune-related response evaluations. Evaluations of patients without measurable disease may require further attention. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4671–9. ©2017 AACR.
Individual Differences in Reward Sensitivity Modulate the Distinctive Effects of Conscious and Unconscious Rewards on Executive Performance

Executive control can be driven by conscious and unconscious monetary cues. This has raised the exciting question regarding the role of conscious and unconscious reward in the regulation of executive control. Similarities and differences have been uncovered between unconscious and conscious processing of monetary rewards. In the present study, we explored whether individual differences associated with reward sensitivity foster these variations on memory-updating—a core component process of executive control. Participants (N = 60) with low, medium, and high reward sensitivity were selected and performed a numerical memory-updating task. At the beginning of each trial, a high (1 euro) or a low (5 cents) reward was presented subliminally (24 ms) or supraliminally (300 ms). Participants earned the reward by responding correctly. Participants with low reward sensitivity performed better for the high reward only in the subliminal condition. For participants with medium reward sensitivity, performance improved with high reward in both subliminal and supraliminal conditions. When participants had high reward sensitivity scores, the effect of reward was stronger in the supraliminal condition than the subliminal condition. These results show that the distinctive effects of conscious and unconscious rewards on executive performance are modulated by individual differences in reward sensitivity. We discuss this finding with reference to models of conscious/unconscious processing of reward stimuli.
Non-Decaying postsynaptics potentials and delayed spikes in hippocampal pyramidal neurons generated by a zero slope conductance created by the persistent Na+ current

ABSTRACT The negative slope conductance created by the persistent sodium current (INaP) prolongs the decay phase of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). In a recent study, we demonstrated that this effect was due to an increase of the membrane time constant. When the negative slope conductance opposes completely the positive slope conductances of the other currents it creates a zero slope conductance region. In this region the membrane time constant is infinite and the decay phase of the EPSPs is virtually absent. Here we show that non-decaying EPSPs are present in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells in the zero slope conductance region, in the suprathreshold range of membrane potential. Na+ channel block with tetrodotoxin abolishes the non-decaying EPSPs. Interestingly, the non-decaying EPSPs are observed only in response to artificial excitatory postsynaptic currents (aEPSCs) of small amplitude, and not in response to aEPSCs of big amplitude. We also observed concomitantly delayed spikes with long latencies and high variability only in response to small amplitude aEPSCs. Our results showed that in CA1 pyramidal neurons INaP creates non-decaying EPSPs and delayed spikes in the subthreshold range of membrane potentials, which could potentiate synaptic integration of synaptic potentials coming from distal regions of the dendritic tree.
HOP: Hardware makes Obfuscation Practical

Program obfuscation is a central primitive in cryptography, and has important real-world applications in protecting software from IP theft. However, well known results from the cryptographic literature have shown that software only virtual black box (VBB) obfuscation of general programs is impossible. In this paper we propose HOP, a system (with matching theoretic analysis) that achieves simulation-secure obfuscation for RAM programs, using secure hardware to circumvent previous impossibility results. To the best of our knowledge, HOP is the first implementation of a provably secure VBB obfuscation scheme in any model under any assumptions. HOP trusts only a hardware single-chip processor. We present a theoretical model for our complete hardware design and prove its security in the UC framework. Our goal is both provable security and practicality. To this end, our theoretic analysis accounts for all optimizations used in our practical design, including the use of a hardware Oblivious RAM (ORAM), hardware scratchpad memories, instruction scheduling techniques and context switching. We then detail a prototype hardware implementation of HOP. The complete design requires 72% of the area of a V7485t Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip. Evaluated on a variety of benchmarks, HOP achieves an overhead of 8X to 76X relative to an insecure system. Compared to all prior (not implemented) work that strives to achieve obfuscation, HOP improves performance by more than three orders of magnitude. We view this as an important step towards deploying obfuscation technology in practice.
LSD‐induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change

Personality is known to be relatively stable throughout adulthood. Nevertheless, it has been shown that major life events with high personal significance, including experiences engendered by psychedelic drugs, can have an enduring impact on some core facets of personality. In the present, balanced‐order, placebo‐controlled study, we investigated biological predictors of post‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) changes in personality. Nineteen healthy adults underwent resting state functional MRI scans under LSD (75µg, I.V.) and placebo (saline I.V.). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) was completed at screening and 2 weeks after LSD/placebo. Scanning sessions consisted of three 7.5‐min eyes‐closed resting‐state scans, one of which involved music listening. A standardized preprocessing pipeline was used to extract measures of sample entropy, which characterizes the predictability of an fMRI time‐series. Mixed‐effects models were used to evaluate drug‐induced shifts in brain entropy and their relationship with the observed increases in the personality trait openness at the 2‐week follow‐up. Overall, LSD had a pronounced global effect on brain entropy, increasing it in both sensory and hierarchically higher networks across multiple time scales. These shifts predicted enduring increases in trait openness. Moreover, the predictive power of the entropy increases was greatest for the music‐listening scans and when “ego‐dissolution” was reported during the acute experience. These results shed new light on how LSD‐induced shifts in brain dynamics and concomitant subjective experience can be predictive of lasting changes in personality. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3203–3213, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.