Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupational Health Hazards in Current Dental Profession- A Review

Dentists, as well as other dental personnel are constantly exposed to a number of specific occupational hazards. These cause the appearance of various ailments, specific to the profession, which develop and intensify with years. In many cases they result in diseases and disease complexes, some of which are regarded as occupational illnesses. Relying on relevant literature, the present paper discusses occupational hazards like stressful situations, latex hypersensitivity, al- lergic reactions due to various dental materials, exposure to radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing), percutaneous exposure incidents (PEI), hazard due to nitrous oxide gas, as well as factors leading to the musculoskeletal system diseases and dis- eases of the peripheral nervous system. Awareness regarding these occupational hazards and implementation of preven- tive strategies can provide a safe working environment for all the dental personnel. There is also a need for continuing dental education programs in dentistry so that dentists can update themselves with the latest and newer techniques and materials.
Acyclic Coloring of Graphs

A vertex coloring of a graph G is called acyclic if no two adjacent vertices have the same color and there is no two-colored cycle in G. The acyclic chromatic number of G , denoted by A (G) , is the least number of colors in an acyclic coloring of G. We show that if G has maximum degree d, then A (G) = O(d413) as d+m. This settles a problem of Erdos who conjectured, in 1976, that A (G) = o(d2) as d-m. We also show that there are graphs G with maximum degree d for which A (G) = R(d413/(log d) l ") ; and that the edges of any graph with maximum degree d can be colored by O(d) colors so that no two adjacent edges have the same color and there is no two-colored cycle. All the proofs rely heavily on probabilistic arguments.
Resumptives in the Acquisition of Relative Clauses

This article proposes an explanation for the use of resumptives in child language based on the [±variable] feature of the nominal system. It has been suggested that resumptive pronouns in children's relatives are an indication of nonmovement or of an incompletely developed trace theory. These approaches are problematic, because resumptives appear concurrent with a stage in which there is extensive evidence that children's grammar contains successive cyclic wh-movement and obeys the different constraints that regulate its derivation. New experimental evidence on production and comprehension shows that, contrary to previous findings, resumptives in relatives are present in child English at the ages of 4 and 5. A cross-linguistic comparison shows no significant difference in resumptive use between child French, child English, and child Spanish.
Somatostatin 2A Receptor–Expressing Presympathetic Neurons in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Maintain Blood Pressure

Bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are critical for the maintenance of sympathetic vasomotor tone and normal cardiovascular reflex function. So far, selectively eliminating/inhibiting distinct subpopulations of RVLM neurons has not significantly altered arterial pressure. Here we show that RVLM presympathetic neurons that express somatostatin 2A receptors are essential for maintaining and potentially generating sympathetic vasomotor tone. Combined immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to map the expression of somatostatin receptors 1, 2A, 2B, 3, and 4 (sst1 through 4, respectively) in the rat RVLM. sst1 and sst2B were absent; sst3 and sst4 were sparse. However, sst2A was found postsynaptically and detected in 35±5% of bulbospinal RVLM neurons a population that included 54±4% of catecholaminergic and 30±3% of enkephalinergic neurons. Bilateral microinjection into the RVLM of either somatostatin or the receptor-selective agonist lanreotide evoked dramatic, dose-dependent sympathoinhibition, hypotension, and bradycardia that were blocked by the sst2 receptor antagonist BIM-23627 in anesthetized rats. Bilateral RVLM microinjection of somatostatin also attenuated chemoreceptor and somatosympathetic reflex function. Somatostatin only eliminated the first sympathoexcitatory peak evoked by somatosympathetic reflex activation, whereas muscimol abolished both excitatory peaks providing functional evidence that the activity of only a subpopulation of RVLM presympathetic neurons is inhibited by somatostatin. We suggest that the subpopulation of bulbospinal RVLM neurons that expresses the sst2A receptor sets sympathetic vasomotor output. These neurons are essential for maintaining resting blood pressure under anesthesia and contribute to adaptive reflexes mediated through the RVLM.
Renoprotection by ACE Inhibition or Aldosterone Blockade Is Blood Pressure–Dependent

Abstract—Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade has been shown to protect against renal damage in salt-supplemented, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Based on intermittent tail-cuff blood pressure (BP) measurements, it has been claimed that such protection is BP-independent and mediated by a blockade of the direct tissue-damaging effects of angiotensin and/or aldosterone. BP radiotelemetry was performed for 8 weeks in ≈10-week-old male SHRsp who received a standard diet and either tap water (n=10) or 1% NaCl to drink. Saline-drinking SHRsp were either left untreated (n=12), received enalapril (50 mg/L) in drinking fluid (n=9), or had subcutaneous implantation of time-release 200-mg pellets of aldactone (n=10). The average systolic BP (mean±SEM) during the final 3 weeks was significantly higher (P <0.05) in untreated saline-drinking (215±6 mm Hg) SHRsp but not aldactone-treated (198±4 mm Hg) or enalapril-treated treated SHRsp (173±1 mm Hg), as compared with tap water–drinking SHRsp (197±3 mm Hg). Histological renal damage scores at 8 weeks paralleled the BP in all groups, with an excellent correlation (r =0.8, P <0.001, n=41). Moreover, a renal damage score of >5 was only observed in SHRsp whose average systolic BP during the final 3 weeks exceeded 200 mm Hg, indicating a threshold relation with BP. These data show that protection by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in this model is BP-dependent and mediated by preventing the severe increases in BP seen in untreated salt-supplemented SHRsp and further underscore the limitations of interpretations based on conventional tail-cuff BP measurements.
Network Selection in Cognitive Heterogeneous Networks Using Stochastic Learning

Coexistence of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) is a promising paradigm to improve spectral efficiency. This letter presents a game-theoretic network selection scheme in a cognitive heterogeneous networking environment with time-varying channel availability. We formulate the network selection problem as a noncooperative game with secondary users (SUs) as the players, and show that the game is an ordinal potential game (OPG). A decentralized, stochastic learning-based algorithm is proposed where each SU's strategy progressively evolves toward the Nash equilibrium (NE) based on its own action-reward history, without the need to know actions in other SUs. The convergence properties of the proposed algorithm toward an NE point are theoretically and numerically verified. The proposed algorithm demonstrates good throughput and fairness performances in various network scenarios.
The Intracardiac Shunt as a Source of Myocardial Oxygen in a Turtle, Trachemys scripta1

Abstract The functional significance of many features of the reptilian cardiopulmonary system remains unknown; particularly the importance of cardiac shunts. One hypothesis for a physiological function for shunts is that they play a role in myocardial oxygenation and are therefore important when cardiac work is elevated. In this study we examined cardiac function by monitoring electrocardiograms in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) with a reduced myocardial oxygen supply. Exposing the animals to a hypoxic gas mixture reduced oxygen levels in the pulmonary venous return. When cardiac work was elevated during hypoxia, the electrocardiogram changed in a manner consistent with myocardial hypoxia, suggesting enrichment of the luminal blood with oxygen by the intracardiac shunt facilitates cardiac performance.
Operative Dentistry

The Department of Operative Dentistry teaches the foundational concepts of dentistry to predoctoral dental students in caries diagnosis, prevention, repair, and restorative techniques. The primary departmental focus is to provide the knowledge, technical skills, critical thinking and judgment for the diagnosis, prevention, and management of dental caries, non-caries dental defects (attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction, developmental abnormalities, discoloration, and trauma), and elective esthetic smile enhancements. It also serves an equally important position to provide national leadership in dental research and advanced restorative technology in its collective faculty efforts and through the professional Certificate in Operative Dentistry.
A battle for control: exchanges of power in the subculture of snowboarding

This article uses a Gramscian perspective to explore the subculture of snowboarding, suggesting that cultural power is both resisted and reproduced. It examines the impact of commercialization on a snowboarding subculture from a participant perspective, gained from semi-structured interviews with boarders and skiers at a resort in British Columbia, Canada. The paper discusses new ways that snowboarders differentiate themselves from wider sporting cultures, in addition to how they do not outrightly reject the ideologies of mainstream sport but instead attempt to involve themselves more in the snowboarding industry. Through linking themselves with traditionally non-snowboarding institutions and creating alternatives to them, snowboarders become actively involved in the organization of snowboarding.
Partner Physical Victimization in a National Sample of American Families

The present study examined the relationship between degrees of partner physical victimization and a range of psychological and psychosocial functioning in a representative sample of American married and cohabiting couples (N=6,451). The study also explored whether gender interacted with any of these factors to predict degree of physical victimization. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), this study found that increased levels of physical victimization were associated with greater levels of depressive symptomatology. However, the study found that there were no significant interactions involving gender or any of the variables of interest as predictors of degree of partner physical victimization.
R&D progress for the ITER vacuum pumping system

Within the frame of the European Fusion Programme Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe is charged to develop the vacuum systems for ITER. These activities comprise the high vacuum systems for the torus exhaust gas, the neutral beam injectors and the cryostat, as well as the mechanical forepump trains for all of these systems. This paper describes the several systems and gives an overview about the underlying R&D work performed to provide a design basis for large vacuum pump systems. Most of the presented cryosorption results have been measured in the TIMO test bed, which houses an approximately 1:2 scale model of the torus cryosorption pump. In TIMO, almost all ITER relevant conditions can be replicated (like operational times, coolant flows, gas flows, temperatures, pressure), except of the pumping of tritium. The latter issue will be dealt with in a dedicated experiment during the 2003 trace tritium campaign in JET. It is shown that cryosorption vacuum pumping is an efficient and robust technique to be employed for ITER. Concepts for an appropriate forepump train for the high vacuum pumps are also discussed.
Displacing New York

The capitalization of urban property markets intensifies the contradictions between housing as use-value affordability versus exchange-value asset accumulation, and exacerbates displacement pressures. Policies designed to deal with these contradictions—public housing and rent regulations—allow some low-income renters to resist displacement, particularly in gentrifying neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the resulting empirical configuration has been interpreted in ways that cast doubt on the extent of displacement, its causal links to gentrification, and the necessity of protective policies. In this paper we present an alternative interpretation, using New York City as a case study to analyze the spatial evolution of displacement pressures amidst the restructuring of an embattled yet vital municipal welfare state.
[Expression of recombinant proteins in the milk of transgenic animals].

The bulky production of recombinant proteins can be achieved by procaryotes or eucaryotes cells. Cells from higher eucaryotes may be required when proteins have to be modified post-transcriptionally (glycosylation phosphorylation, cleavage, folding.). Cells from higher vertebrates in culture are used to prepare proteins like human factor VIII and erythropoietin. The use of transgenic organism has been suggested to reach the same goal. Indeed a whole living organism allows a very potent amplification, the number of cells involved in the biosynthesis of the recombinant proteins being very numerous and in the best metabolic conditions. Biological fluids (blood, milk, insect hemolymph, egg white.) and possibly organs from transgenic animals are a priori the best sources of recombinant proteins. Blood is abundant and it is a by-product of slaughter house. Its composition is relatively complex and the circulating recombinant proteins may heavily alter health of animals. Milk is very abundant, its composition is relatively simple, it is poor in proteolytic enzymes and it can be collected easily. Hemolymph from insects is relatively scarce. Egg white will be a possible source of recombinant proteins, when transgenesis has become more accessible in birds. Organs from transgenic animals should be solicited only when a particular cell type is required for the biosynthesis of the recombinant proteins. Milk appears therefore, presently, as the best source of recombinant proteins from transgenic animals. About 15 public and private laboratories try to use these techniques. They consist in preparing vectors containing regulatory regions of one of the milk proteins genes and the coding part (cDNA or gene) of the corresponding proteins to be produced. The transfer of these gene constructs to mouse, rabbit, sheep, goat, pig, shows that these techniques are indeed very promising. A single protein, human alpha 1-antitrypsin produced in milk of transgenic sheep, has presently reached the preparation at an industrial scale. This method has two theoretical limitations: 1) some of the proteins secreted in milk may be not matured as their native counterparts. Experiments carried out so far (about 20 proteins has been produced at an experimental scale) indicate that the mammary cell is able to achieve glycosylation in a correct way; 2) a significant proportion of the recombinant proteins migrate from the alveolar compartment of the mammary gland to blood circulation and they can alter health of lactating animals. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
New Monotones and Lower Bounds in Unconditional Two-Party Computation

Since oblivious transfer, a primitive of paramount importance in secure two- and multiparty computation, cannot be realized in an unconditionally secure way for both parties from scratch, reductions to weak information-theoretic primitives as well as between different variants of the functionality are of great interest. In this context, various monotones-quantities that cannot be increased by any protocol-are introduced and then used to derive lower bounds on the possibility and efficiency of such reductions.
Enhancing Junior Faculty Research Productivity Through Multiinstitution Collaboration

In addition to teaching and service responsibilities, junior faculty members are required to be productive researchers. Despite the demand on junior faculty to produce published research, studies suggest that they often do not receive adequate assistance with their research endeavors. Mentoring is an effective form of support for junior faculty that can lead to gains in research productivity. Research productivity also has been found to increase as collaboration increases, particularly when the collaboration is outside of one’s institution. The School Psychology Research Collaboration Conference (SPRCC), which is funded by the Society for the Study of School Psychology (SSSP), has supported the research of junior faculty in the field of school psychology by fostering professional relationships among junior faculty and enhancing their research skills through mentoring from senior-level faculty—all from various academic institutions. Using content analysis as the primary method of investigation, this study examined SPRCC junior faculty/early-career participants’ anonymous responses to open-ended questions regarding the value of the SPRCC in general, the tools and strategies used to conduct the conference, and the potential of the SPRCC to impact their future research productivity. Outcomes of the analysis were used to inform recommendations for establishing other research collaboration events and networking opportunities as well as for improving the SPRCC.
Coma caused by Shigella toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the absence of haemorrhagic uraemic syndrome (HUS)

Shigella toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is well known for its complications such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), but neurological symptoms have also been reported. While most cases of infection with STEC occur with concurrent HUS, we describe a patient with severe neurological symptoms in the absence of HUS. LEARNING POINTS Shigella toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are bacteria that cause haemorrhagic colitis. Generally, infections with STEC occur with a concurrent haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). However, infections with STEC can occur with neurological symptoms without HUS.
The Tourism Education Futures Initiative (TEFI): Activating Change in Tourism Education

The Tourism Education Futures Initiative (TEFI) seeks to provide vision, knowledge, and a framework for tourism education programs that promote global citizenship and optimism for a better world. This article provides background on TEFI, its inception, its development and its future. The article argues that a fundamental shift in tourism education is necessary to respond to global challenges impacting tourism at a fundamental level. These shifts demand higher levels of responsibility and stewardship by graduates and industry leaders. TEFI attempts to address the complexity and diversity of the shifts required by educational institutions and industry. TEFI's work began by defining a set of foundational values for tourism education programs worldwide (stewardship, ethics, knowledge, mutuality, professionalism). TEFI is now addressing other important shifts needed to provide an education of quality and relevance to tomorrow's tourism industry.
Heparanase Interacts with Resistin and Augments Its Activity

In an attempt to isolate a heparanase receptor, postulated to mediate non-enzymatic functions of the heparanase protein, we utilized human urine collected from healthy volunteers. Affinity chromatography of this rich protein source on immobilized heparanase revealed resistin as a heparanase binding protein. Co-immunoprecipitation and ELISA further confirmed the interaction between heparanase and resistin. Importantly, we found that heparanase potentiates the bioactivity of resistin in its standard bioassay in which monocytic human leukemia cell line, THP1, differentiates into adherent macrophage-like foam cells. It is thus conceivable that this newly identified complex of heparanase and resistin exerts a stimulatory effect also in various inflammatory conditions known to be affected by the two proteins.
Open services for IoT cloud applications in the future internet

Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging area that not only requires development of infrastructure but also deployment of new services capable of supporting multiple, scalable (cloud-based) and interoperable (multi-domain) applications. In the race of designing the IoT as part of the Future Internet architecture, academic and ICT's (Information and Communication Technology) industry communities have realized that a common IoT problem to be tackled is the interoperability of the information. In this paper we review recent trends and challenges on interoperability, and discuss how semantic technologies, open service frameworks and information models can support data interoperability in the design of the Future Internet, taking the IoT and Cloud Computing as reference examples of application domains.
Relationships among Belief in a Just World, Willingness to Accommodate, and Marital Well-Being

The relationship between willingness to accommodate and belief in a just world (JW), possible mediators of this relationship, and their impact on marital satisfaction and perceived conflict were examined among older and younger married couples. In both samples, JW predicted greater willingness to accommodate. Among older couples, the relationship of JW to own accommodation was mediated by perceptions of spousal accommodation. Among younger couples, the relationship of JW to own accommodation was not explained by perceived spousal accommodation, trust, or partner perspective taking. Further, only among older couples did JW predict greater marital satisfaction and lower frequency of conflict. For older couples, the relationship of JW to satisfaction was not explained by own or perceived spousal accommodation; however; own and perceived spousal accommodation accounted for the relationship of JW to frequency of conflict. These studies suggest that belief in a just world contributes positively to interpersonal processes and marital well-being.
‘Color‐blind’ and ‘color‐conscious’ leadership: A case study of desegregated suburban schools in the USA

Leadership and diversity are invariably connected, as US schools are under pressure to educate an increasingly diverse population. Creating an inclusive school requires school leaders to respond to any intergroup conflict that may occur among an ethnically‐diverse group of schools’ participants. The study on which this article is based examined European–American and African–American administrators’ responses to intergroup conflict arising from cultural incongruities in desegregated suburban US schools. The researchers employed intergroup theory to understand how both African–American and European–American school leaders perceived and negotiated sources of intergroup conflict and how this affected their potential for creating an inclusive school environment.