Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Projections from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe in rats during ontogenesis: 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate tracing study

The objective of this study was to determine the schedule of the arrival of the axons from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe of the pituitary (PL) in rats during ontogenesis by using the fluorescent lipophilic carbocyanine dye 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) as a retrograde tracer. After preliminary fixation of the brain, DiI crystals were implanted in the PL on embryonic day 15 ( E15 ), E16, E17, and E19 as well as on postnatal day 2 (P2) and P9. This was followed by a DiI retrograde diffusion along the plasma membrane and subsequent staining of hypothalamic neuronal cell bodies. The supraoptic nucleus (SO) contained an accumulation of fluorescent cells that extended toward the diamond‐like swelling of the third ventricle as early as E15. These data suggest that the magnocellular neurons of the SO send their axons to the PL at the very beginning of differentiation, perhaps even before reaching their final position. The initial axons of the neurons of the paraventricular nucleus proper (PV) appeared to reach the PL significantly later, at E17. In addition to the SO and the PV, accessory magnocellular nuclei contributed to the innervation of the PL in perinatal rats. The neurons of the retrochiasmatic accessory nucleus first sent their axons to the PL on E16–E17. Axons that originated from other accessory hypothalamic nuclei reached the PL after birth, suggesting a delay in their involvement in the regulation of visceral functions compared with other magnocellular nuclei. Thus, the axons of magnocellular neurons reach the PL unexpectedly early in embryogenesis, raising the possibility of the functional significance of vasopressin and oxytocin as fetal neurohormones. J. Comp. Neurol. 422:327–337, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Une taxinomie des peurs collectives

O presente artigo propoe uma taxinomia dos medos colectivos a parir da composicao de dois criterios: por um lado, as “razoes” percepcionadas da origem de um objecto de medo (origem humana versus nao humana, intencional ou nao); por outro lado, os tipos de locais onde o medo se manifesta (por finalidade, por inspiracao, por natureza, por ocasiao). Obtemos assim uma tipologia de 4x4 configuracoes. A distância formal entre estas configuracoes tomadas duas a duas podera fornecer um referencial estavel para os futuros estudos empiricos.DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i2. 364
Shape of Gaussians as feature descriptors

This paper introduces a feature descriptor called shape of Gaussian (SOG), which is based on a general feature descriptor design framework called shape of signal probability density function (SOSPDF). SOSPDF takes the shape of a signal's probability density function (pdf) as its feature. Under such a view, both histogram and region covariance often used in computer vision are SOSPDF features. Histogram describes SOSPDF by a discrete approximation way. Region covariance describes SOSPDF as an incomplete parameterized multivariate Gaussian distribution. Our proposed SOG descriptor is a full parameterized Gaussian, so it has all the advantages of region covariance and is more effective. Furthermore, we identify that SOGs form a Lie group. Based on Lie group theory, we propose a distance metric for SOG. We test SOG features in tracking problem. Experiments show better tracking results compared with region covariance. Moreover, experiment results indicate that SOG features attempt to harvest more useful information and are less sensitive against noise.
In Vitro Susceptibilities of 217 Clinical Isolates of Zygomycetes to Conventional and New Antifungal Agents

ABSTRACT We evaluated the in vitro susceptibilities of 217 zygomycetes to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, and flucytosine. The significant in vitro activity of posaconazole against several species appears to support its reported clinical efficacy. Decreased susceptibility to amphotericin B was noted with Cunninghamella bertholletiae.
Membrane topology of Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum lipoproteins

A critical issue regarding the molecular architectures of Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi, the agents of venereal syphilis and Lyme disease, respectively, concerns the membrane topologies of their major lipoprotein immunogens. A related question is whether these lipid-modified membrane proteins form intramembranous particles during freeze fracture electron microscopy. To address these issues, native borrelial and treponemal lipoproteins were reconstituted into liposomes of diverse composition. The importance of the covalently associated lipids for membrane association of lipoproteins was revealed by the observation that nonlipidated recombinant forms of both B. burgdorferi OspA and the T. pallidum 47-kDa immunogen (Tpp47) showed very weak or no binding to model bilayer vesicles. In contrast to control liposomes reconstituted with bacteriorhodopsin or bovine rhodopsin, two well-characterized transmembrane proteins, none of the lipoprotein-liposomes contained particles when examined by freeze fracture electron microscopy. To extend these findings to prokaryotic lipoproteins with relatively amphiphilic polypeptides, similar experiments were conducted with a recombinant nonlipidated form of Escherichia coli TraT, a lipoprotein which has putative transmembrane domains. The nonlipidated TraT oligomers bound vesicles derived from E. coli lipids but, surprisingly, did not form particles in the freeze-fractured liposomes. These findings support (i) a proposed topology of spirochetal lipoproteins in which the polypeptide is extrinsic to the membrane surface and (ii) the contention that particles visualized in freeze-fractured spirochetal membranes represent poorly characterized transmembrane proteins.
Validation of a Noninvasive Technique for the Assessment of Physiological Stress in Coyotes (Canis latrans)

6 Introduction 7 Materials and Methods 12 Study Location 12 Study Animals 12 Sample Collections 13 Plasma and Fecal Hormone Extraction 14 Radioimmunoassays 15 Calculations 17 Plasma Sample Statistics 18 Fecal Sample Statistics 18 Results 19 Plasma Cortisol 19 Fecal Cortisol Metabolite 20 Fecal Corticosterone Metabolite 21 viii Discussion 23 Literature Cited 26 3. DEGRADATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID METABOLITES IN COYOTE SCATS: IMPLICATIONS FOR FIELD STUDIES 48 Abstract 48 Introduction 49 Materials and Methods 52 48 Introduction 49 Materials and Methods 52 Sample Collection 53 Hormone Extraction 53 Radioimmunoassays 54 Calculations and Statistics 56 Results 57 Cortisol 57 Corticosterone 58 Discussion 60 Literature Cited 63 4. CONCLUSIONS 74 Literature Cited 77
Ralstonia solanacearum Extracellular Polysaccharide Is a Specific Elicitor of Defense Responses in Wilt-Resistant Tomato Plants

Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt of diverse plants, produces copious extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), a major virulence factor. The function of EPS in wilt disease is uncertain. Leading hypotheses are that EPS physically obstructs plant water transport, or that EPS cloaks the bacterium from host plant recognition and subsequent defense. Tomato plants infected with R. solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strain UW551 and tropical strain GMI1000 upregulated genes in both the ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA) defense signal transduction pathways. The horizontally wilt-resistant tomato line Hawaii7996 activated expression of these defense genes faster and to a greater degree in response to R. solanacearum infection than did susceptible cultivar Bonny Best. However, EPS played different roles in resistant and susceptible host responses to R. solanacearum. In susceptible plants the wild-type and eps− mutant strains induced generally similar defense responses. But in resistant Hawaii7996 tomato plants, the wild-type pathogens induced significantly greater defense responses than the eps− mutants, suggesting that the resistant host recognizes R. solanacearum EPS. Consistent with this idea, purified EPS triggered significant SA pathway defense gene expression in resistant, but not in susceptible, tomato plants. In addition, the eps− mutant triggered noticeably less production of defense-associated reactive oxygen species in resistant tomato stems and leaves, despite attaining similar cell densities in planta. Collectively, these data suggest that bacterial wilt-resistant plants can specifically recognize EPS from R. solanacearum.
23 Space-and Object-Based Attention

Behavioral studies of visual attention have suggested two complementary modes of selection. In a space-based mode, locations in the visual field are selected; in an object-based mode, organized chunks of visual information—roughly, objects—are selected, even if the objects overlap in space or are spatially discontinuous. Although the two modes are distinct, they can operate in concert to influence the allocation of attention. This chapter presents key experimental results on spaceand object-based attention and their interaction, and sketches a theoretical framework in which the two attentional modes can be unified. This chapter also discusses alternative notions of objectbased attention, from perceptual grouping of low-level features in a retinotopic reference frame to construction of structural descriptions, and argues that the data are consistent with the former—a simple, low-level mechanism.
Humanoid Robot Locomotion and Manipulation Step Planning

Abstract We aim at planning multi-contact sequences of stances and postures for humanoid robots. The output sequence defines the contact transitions that allow our robot to realize different kind of tasks, ranging from biped locomotion to dexterous manipulation. The central component of the planning framework is a best-first algorithm that performs a search of the contacts to be added or removed at each step, following an input collision-free guide path, and making calls to an optimization-based inverse kinematics solver under static equilibrium constraints. The planner can handle systems made of multiple robots and/or manipulated objects through a centralized multi-agent approach, opening the way for multi-robot collaborative locomotion and manipulation planning. Results are presented in virtual environments, with discussion on execution on the real robot HRP-2 in an example situation.
Conceptual representations of perceptual knowledge

Many neuroimaging studies of semantic memory have argued that knowledge of an object's perceptual properties are represented in a modality-specific manner. These studies often base their argument on finding activation in the left-hemisphere fusiform gyrus—a region assumed to be involved in perceptual processing—when the participant is verifying verbal statements about objects and properties. In this paper, we report an extension of one of these influential papers—Kan, Barsalou, Solomon, Minor, and Thompson-Schill (2003)—and present evidence for an amodal component in the representation and processing of perceptual knowledge. Participants were required to verify object-property statements (e.g., “cat-whiskers? ”; “bear-wings? ”) while they were being scanned by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We replicated Kan et al.'s activation in the left fusiform gyrus, but also found activation in regions of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and middle-temporal gyrus, areas known to reflect amodal processes or representations. Further, only activations in the left IFG, an amodal area, were correlated with measures of behavioural performance.
IMPLEMENTATION AND OPTIMIZATION UNDER MATLAB CODE OF A HV POWER TRANSFORMER FOR MICROWAVE GENERATORS SUPPLYING TWO MAGNETRONS

The design of this new power supply uses a HV single phase leakage flux transformer supplying two cells, composed each one of a capacitor and a diode, which multiplies the voltage and stabilizes the current. Each cell supplies in turn a single magnetron. This paper treats firstly, a new modeling of this transformer with shunts of HV power for N=2 magnetrons. This model is based on the determination of analytical expressions of nonlinear storable inductances, from the fitting of the magnetization curve B(H) of the material used. The resulting model will be implemented for the first time under MATLAB-SIMULINK® tool where we compare the results from this model to those obtained from the old model validated by EMTP. In a second step, using the programming tool MATLAB, we discussed an optimization strategy of this new HV power supply for the microwave generators with N=2 magnetrons, to envisage the possibility of obtaining gains in section, space, and weight, and to reduce the transformer cost, and therefore that of all the installation, while respecting the conditions recommended by the constructor: Ipeak < 1.2 A, Imean ≈ 300 mA.
Effects of saturation deficit on desiccation resistance and water balance in seasonal populations of the tropical drosophilid Zaprionus indianus

ABSTRACT Seasonally varying populations of ectothermic insect taxa from a given locality are expected to cope with simultaneous changes in temperature and humidity through phenotypic plasticity. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of saturation deficit on resistance to desiccation in wild-caught flies from four seasons (spring, summer, rainy and autumn) and corresponding flies reared in the laboratory under season-specific simulated temperature and humidity growth conditions. Flies raised under summer conditions showed approximately three times higher desiccation resistance and increased levels of cuticular lipids compared with flies raised in rainy season conditions. In contrast, intermediate trends were observed for water balance-related traits in flies reared under spring or autumn conditions but trait values overlapped across these two seasons. Furthermore, a threefold difference in saturation deficit (an index of evaporative water loss due to a combined thermal and humidity effect) between summer (27.5 mB) and rainy (8.5 mB) seasons was associated with twofold differences in the rate of water loss. Higher dehydration stress due to a high saturation deficit in summer is compensated by storage of higher levels of energy metabolite (trehalose) and cuticular lipids, and these traits correlated positively with desiccation resistance. In Z. indianus, the observed changes in desiccation-related traits due to plastic effects of simulated growth conditions correspond to similar changes exhibited by seasonal wild-caught flies. Our results show that developmental plastic effects under ecologically relevant thermal and humidity conditions can explain seasonal adaptations for water balance-related traits in Z. indianus and are likely to be associated with its invasive potential. Summary: The tropical drosophilid Z. indianus shows seasonal plasticity for desiccation resistance and a lower rate of water loss in simulated summer versus rainy season conditions, similar to changes exhibited by seasonal wild-caught flies.
Punchthrough-Diode-Based Bipolar RRAM Selector by Si Epitaxy

We propose an epitaxial punchthrough diode for bipolar resistance RAM (RRAM) selector application. Epitaxial Si:C process is used to deposit n+/p/n+ layers which are fabricated into 300-nm-diameter vertical punchthrough diodes. High on-current density of >; 1 MA/cm2 and high on/off current ratio of >; 250 and >; 4700 (at opposite polarities) are observed. A switching speed of <; 10 ns is measured. On-voltage designability is demonstrated by tuning the p-region doping and length. The comparison of experimental IV with Sentaurus TCAD-simulated IV characteristics confirms the punchthrough mechanism. Comparison with other bipolar RRAM selector technologies highlights the overall advantages of punchthrough-based selector.
Innovative organizational structures and performance: A case study of structural transformation to “groovy community centers”

Although there has been substantial academic and practitioner interest into innovative structural arrangements, the study of structural transformation and the structural practices of small to medium‐sized organizations in traditional industries has been relatively ignored. This article presents empirical evidence of a company that changed its organizational structure from a traditional bureaucracy to a structure that was fundamentally different from those of other firms within its industry. The changed structure was characterized by many novel attributes such as devolved responsibility, empowerment, community orientation and a lack of hierarchy. Although there was some evidence to suggest that the structure had positive performance implications, the study also finds that the content, context and process of change were influenced by a dominant managing director such that the outcomes masked underlying political issues. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL – ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS

The purpose of the this study is to identify individual predicators of employees’ innovative work behavior (IWB), defined as generating, promoting, and implementing ideas. Research to date confirms the relationships between innovative behavior and these individual predicators, which strengthens the justification, and need, for including psychological capital – comprised of hope, optimism, efficacy and resilience – into research as an explanatory variable. The study included research which covered employees from medium-sized and large companies operating in Poland. As hypothesized, innovative work behavior was found to be related to employees’ psychological capital. The results of multiple regression analysis show that three dimensions, “self-efficacy”, “hope” and “resilience”, are the main predictors of innovative work behavior.
Sport Psychology Interventions

"Sport Psychology Interventions" shows professionals how to help athletes get the most out of their sport experience and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Edited by Shane Murphy, former sport psychologist for the United States Olympic Committee, this practical guide explains how to assist athletes at all levels in facing the special challenges and unique problems that are common in today's sports world.Unlike texts that discuss psychological interventions aimed directly at improving athletic performance, "Sport Psychology Interventions" focuses on helping athletes enjoy their participation more and, as a result, perform better and achieve their goals by-managing their lives successfully, -growing and developing as individuals, and-experiencing sport as a positive learning process.This book is written by internationally recognized sport psychologists--experts who are familiar with the struggles and triumphs of athletes. Using real-life examples, these contributors address issues that are typically encountered by physicians, athletic trainers, psychologists, counselors, and health care professionals working with athletes. They use case studies extensively throughout the book to bring these issues to life.Part I presents a variety of intervention models. By studying each model in the context of its application to a particular kind of athlete, the contributors are able to address specific issues related to-child athletes, -competitive recreational athletes, -student athletes, -female athletes, -elite athletes, and-other sport groups.The book explains all of the prevalent intervention models in modern sport psychology: -Life development -Educational -Multisystemic -Family systems -Organizational-Developmental-Marital therapy-Cognitive-behavioralEach chapter begins with one or more case studies that show how each intervention applies to sport psychology and how that intervention is used.Part II examines issues commonly encountered by many helping professionals in the sport setting. Case studies illustrate how sport psychology can be used in counseling athletes who are experiencing special circumstances, including-injury, -alcohol and drug use, -eating disorders and weight management, -career transitions, and-overtraining and burnout.
MergeReference: A Tool for Merging Reference Panels for HLA Imputation

Recently developed computational methods allow the imputation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes using intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism markers. To improve the imputation accuracy in HLA imputation, it is essential to increase the sample size and the diversity of alleles in the reference panel. Our software, MergeReference, helps achieve this goal by providing a streamlined pipeline for combining multiple reference panels into one.
STMSCR: A new multi-finger SCR-based protection structure against ESD

This paper introduces a new SCR-based structure for ESD protection. The STMSCR relies on the bimodal operation of a LSCR with minimum design rule dimensions: an external triggering circuitry permits switching from a transparency mode to a protection mode as soon as an ESD event is detected. The trigger voltage can then be adjusted by design without any impact on the ESD performances. The STMSCR is multifinger compliant, thus allowing area-efficient design of pad-located ESD protection. The STMSCR is demonstrated in a 0.18 mum-CMOS technology without any process customization, an HBM failure threshold over 115 V/mum is reached while always ensuring current uniformity in multi-finger structures.
The impact of long-term grazing on soil nutrients and carbon dynamics in Sabz Kou rangelands

In rangeland ecosystems, heavy grazing causes reduced input of aboveground litter to the soil. This may have important consequences for soil nutrient cycling and soil organic matter dynamics. Yet, the effect of grazing on soil nutrients and C dynamics in these ecosystems is not well-known. In this study, we evaluated soil nutrients and litter decomposition in two sites protected from grazing for 16-years in a semi-arid native rangeland (Sabz Kou region) in Central Iran. Soil sampling was performed to 15-cm depth in two adjacent non-grazed sites, and in one heavily grazed site at a distance of 3 km far away from the non-grazed sites. Aboveground litter decomposition of three dominant species (namely, Agropyron intermedium, Hordeum bulbosum and Juncus sp.) was studied using a litter bag experiment under field conditions. The impact of grazing conditions on soil pH was significant, but inconsistent. Grazed and ungrazed practices were similar in their effect on soil bulk density. Soil C and total N concentrations did not vary between treatments, while extractable P and available K contents were higher at non-grazed sites. The C and N pools were similar for both grazed and non-grazed sites. The C/N ratio of soil was significantly higher at the grazed site. Grazing conditions had no significant effect on litter decomposition rate of all species. The three pasture species, however, showed significant differences in litter decomposition rate. Thus, 16-year protection from grazing by sheep had no considerable impact on C and N sequestration in soil as compared with grazed site, however, plant nutrients inputs may increase as a result of increased herbage production under grazing exclusion conditions. In summary, significant differences occurred in litter decomposition may potentially affect C dynamics more than rangeland management practices.