Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bilingual children referred for psychiatric services: associations of language disorders, language skills, and psychopathology.

OBJECTIVE To investigate (1) the prevalence of language deficits and disorders and (2) the relationship of bilingual language skills and psychopathology, in Spanish-English bilingual children referred for child and adolescent psychiatry services. METHOD Bilingual language skills, emotional/behavioral problems, sociodemographics, immigration variables, and nonverbal IQ were studied in 50 consecutively referred children. RESULTS Estimated prevalence was high for language deficits (48%) and disorders (41%), with most cases (>79%) being of the mixed receptive-expressive type. In children with clinically significant emotional/behavioral problems, bilingual language skills were strongly and inversely correlated with problem scores, particularly global problems (r = -0.67, p < .001); social, thought, and attention problems (r > or = -0.54; p < .004); delinquency (r = -0.66, p < .001); and aggression (r = -0.52, p < .01). These correlations remained significant after IQ adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Prior findings from monolingual children were confirmed in this bilingual sample, namely (1) the high prevalence of mixed receptive-expressive and other language disorders and delays and (2) the close tie between poor language skills and emotional/behavioral problems. The data strongly suggest the clinical importance and feasibility of language assessment and the significance of receptive problems in bilingual children referred for psychiatric services. A safe approach is to fully assess language skills, rather than misattributing these children's language delays to normal bilingual acquisition processes.
The association of perceived abuse and discrimination after September 11, 2001, with psychological distress, level of happiness, and health status among Arab Americans.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the prevalence of perceived abuse and discrimination among Arab American adults after September 11, 2001, and associations between abuse or discrimination and psychological distress, level of happiness, and health status. METHODS We gathered data from a face-to-face survey administered in 2003 to a representative, population-based sample of Arab American adults residing in the greater Detroit area. RESULTS Overall, 25% of the respondents reported post-September 11 personal or familial abuse, and 15% reported that they personally had a bad experience related to their ethnicity, with higher rates among Muslims than Christians. After adjustment for socioeconomic and demographic factors, perceived post-September 11 abuse was associated with higher levels of psychological distress, lower levels of happiness, and worse health status. Personal bad experiences related to ethnicity were associated with increased psychological distress and reduced happiness. Perceptions of not being respected within US society and greater reported effects of September 11 with respect to personal security and safety were associated with higher levels of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Perceived post-September 11 abuse and discrimination were associated with increased psychological distress, reduced levels of happiness, and worse health status in our sample. Community-based, culturally sensitive partnerships should be established to assess and meet the health needs of Arab Americans.
Potentiation of chloride responses to glycine by three 5‐HT3 antagonists in rat spinal neurones

1 Modulations of Cl− responses to glycine by 5‐hydroxytryptamine ligands were studied in cultured spinal neurones, by the whole‐cell recording technique. 2 Three 5‐HT3 antagonists were found to potentiate reversibly responses to low concentrations of glycine. Potentiations were induced by micromolar concentrations of LY‐278,584 (1–10 μm) and by concentrations of MDL‐72222 or ICS‐205,930 between 10 nM and 1 μm. 3 Potentiations were observed over the whole voltage range without any change in the reversal potential of the glycine responses and without affecting the resting conductance. 4 The degree of potentiation was variable among cells. It increased with the concentration of the modulator, but only up to 100 nM for MDL‐72222 and ICS‐205,930. 5 The potentiation appeared to result from an increase in the affinity for glycine of glycine receptors. 6 Neither the blockade of glycine uptake by Na+ removal, nor the excision of membrane patches prevented the potentiation. 7 At high concentrations (10 μm), both MDL‐72222 and ICS‐205,930 had, in contrast, a blocking effect on glycine responses. 8 Potentiation by LY‐278,584 and a dose‐dependent modulation by MDL‐72222 were also observed for taurine responses. 9 The effects on glycine responses of various ligands of 5‐HT3 receptors (including agonists) are discussed. The ability of LY‐278,584, MDL‐72222 and ICS‐205,930 to potentiate glycine responses appears to be independent of their known 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist properties. It would be interesting to look for chemically related drugs that would be specific potentiators of glycine responses.
Unified Basis for the Respirometric Evaluation of Inhibition for Activated Sludge

This paper explores the merit of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) profile obtained by means of respirometry as the basic mechanistic instrument for evaluating activated sludge inhibition. Experimental OUR data are generated using the synthetic peptone-based substrate and inhibition is tested with 60 mg/L hexavalent chromium and 33 mg/L nickel additions, corresponding to EC50 levels determined using the standard ISO 8192 procedure. Experimental results are evaluated by model calibration using ASM1 modified for dual hydrolysis and ASM3 modified for simultaneous growth. Model evaluations indicate that inhibition affects not only growth, but also other significant microbial mechanisms such as substrate storage and hydrolysis, leading to conclude that the proposed approach will enable to visualize the overall impact of the inhibitory compound on every stage of substrate biodegradation, through inspection and evaluation of the entire OUR profile.
Exploring adaptations to the modified shuttle walking test

Objective The 10 m modified shuttle walking test (MSWT) is recommended to determine the functional capacity in older individuals and for patients entering cardiac rehabilitation. Participants are required to negotiate around cones set 1 m from the end markers. However, consistent comments indicate that for some individuals manoeuvring around the cones can be quite difficult. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore differences within and between non-cardiac and postmyocardial infarction (MI) males during MSWT with and without the cones. Design Comparative study. Participants 20 post-MI (64.8±6.6, range 51–74 years) and 20 non-cardiac male controls (64.1±5.7, range 52–74 years) participated. Methods Participants performed MSWT with and without cones. Throughout, the participants expired air, and the heart rate (bpm) (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Participant protocol preference was recorded verbatim. Results One-way analysis of variance found no significant difference in VO2 peak (cones 20.4±5.1 vs no-cones 21.9±4.8 ml/kg/min, p=0.197) or distance ambulated (cones 631.8±132.9 m vs no-cones 662.4±164.1 m, p=0.371) between protocols or groups. Analysis comparing lines of regression showed a significant trajectory difference in VO2 (ml/kg/min) (p<0.01) between protocols with higher HR (p<0.01) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER, p<0.001) values during cones. RPEs were higher for post-MIs versus controls during both protocols (p<0.05). Post-MIs taking β-blockers produce significantly lower HR values. The χ2 analysis found no significant difference in protocol preference (no-cones: all n=25, 63%; post-MIs n=13, 65%; and controls n=12, 60%). Conclusions Post-MIs found both protocols subjectively harder than controls with no significant difference in the VO2 peak. However, both groups worked at a lesser percentage of their anaerobic threshold during no-cones protocol as indicated by lower RER values. Importantly, for the post-MIs, this would reduce their risk of functional impairment. Therefore, though more research is required, indicators at present are more favourable for the use of the no-cones with post-MIs.
Cell dynamics in the embryonic and postnatal vomeronasal epithelium of snakes

This review will discuss changes observed in the cell dynamics of the vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) of snakes during embryonic and postnatal growth. Recent work suggests that neuronal differentiation occurs early in VNE development. We have used an antibody to an evolutionarily conserved peptide sequence (the PSTAIRE region) in a family of cell cycle regulatory proteins, the cyclin‐dependent kinases, to identify neuronal precursors in the embryonic and postnatal VNE. During prenatal development, the location of neuronal precursors changes in the VNE. Significant postnatal changes occur in cell proliferation in the VNE (as determined by 3H‐thymidine autoradiography) and possibly in the larger complement of VNE receptor cell precursors (as determined by anti‐PSTAIRE staining). A model is proposed for changes in cell proliferation and death during embryonic development and postnatal maintenance and senescence in VNE of snakes, which may be applicable to the VNE and olfactory epithelium of other vertebrates. Microsc. Res. Tech. 41:471–482, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elastic properties and phonon conductivities of Ti_3Al(C_0.5,N_0.5)_2 and Ti_2Al(C_0.5,N_0.5) solid solutions

Herein we compare the lattice parameters, room temperature shear and Young’s moduli, and phonon thermal conductivities of Ti_2AlC_0. 5N_0. 5 and Ti_3Al(C_0.5, N_0.5)_2 solid solutions with those of their end members, namely Ti_2AlC, Ti_2AlN, Ti_3AlC_2, and Ti_4AlN_2. 9. In general, the replacement of C by N decreases the unit cell volumes and increases the elastic moduli and phonon thermal conductivities. The increase in the latter two properties, however, is sensitive to the concentrations of defects, most likely vacancies on one or more of the sublattices.
Summary measures of population health: addressing the first goal of healthy people 2010, improving health expectancy.

This report is one of several Healthy People Statistical Notes that evaluate methodological issues pertaining to summary measures - statistics that combine mortality and morbidity data to represent overall population health in a single number. This report evaluates the consequences of changes in the components of health expectancy measures (i.e., mortality or morbidity) on the overall measure. Any activity limitation is used as a morbidity measure. Simulations are used to evaluate the impacts of reducing 1995 age-specific mortality or activity limitation rates by 5, 10, 25, and 50 percent at all ages. Then it is limited to ages under 25 years, 25 -64 years, and over 64 years. The impact of completely eliminating mortality or activity limitation for the younger age groups is also examined. In general, reducing morbidity rates results in greater changes than the same percent reduction in death rates. The same proportional reduction in age-specific rates for either mortality or morbidity has a greater impact if it occurs at older ages. Reducing mortality results in a greater change in life expectancy than in health expectancy and a decline in the proportion of life lived in healthy states. Reducing morbidity increases both health expectancy and the proportion of life lived in healthy states. Simultaneous reductions in mortality and morbidity have additive effects on health expectancy.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dogs in Zhanjiang, Southern China

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution. The present study investigated the prevalence of T. gondii in dogs in Zhanjiang city, southern China, using both serological and molecular detection. A total of 364 serum samples and 432 liver tissue samples were collected from the slaughter house between December 2012 and January 2013 and were examined for T. gondii IgG antibody by ELISA and T. gondii DNA by semi-nested PCR based on B1 gene, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibody was 51.9%, and T. gondii DNA was detected in 37 of 432 (8.6%) liver tissue samples. These positive DNA samples were analyzed by PCR-RFLP at 3'- and 5'-SAG2. Only 8 samples gave the PCR-RFLP data, and they were all classified as type I, which may suggest that the T. gondii isolates from dogs in Zhanjiang city may represent type I or type I variant. This study revealed the high prevalence of T. gondii infection in dogs in Zhanjiang city, southern China. Integrated measures should be taken to prevent and control toxoplasmosis in dogs in this area for public health concern.
Potential Connectivity of Coldwater Black Coral Communities in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

The black coral Leiopathes glaberrima is a foundation species of deep-sea benthic communities but little is known of the longevity of its larvae and the timing of spawning because it inhabits environments deeper than 50 m that are logistically challenging to observe. Here, the potential connectivity of L. glaberrima in the northern Gulf of Mexico was investigated using a genetic and a physical dispersal model. The genetic analysis focused on data collected at four sites distributed to the east and west of Mississippi Canyon, provided information integrated over many (~10,000) generations and revealed low but detectable realized connectivity. The physical dispersal model simulated the circulation in the northern Gulf at a 1km horizontal resolution with transport-tracking capabilities; virtual larvae were deployed 12 times over the course of 3 years and followed over intervals of 40 days. Connectivity between sites to the east and west of the canyon was hampered by the complex bathymetry, by differences in mean circulation to the east and west of the Mississippi Canyon, and by flow instabilities at scales of a few kilometers. Further, the interannual variability of the flow field surpassed seasonal changes. Together, these results suggest that a) dispersal among sites is limited, b) any recovery in the event of a large perturbation will depend on local larvae produced by surviving individuals, and c) a competency period longer than a month is required for the simulated potential connectivity to match the connectivity from multi-locus genetic data under the hypothesis that connectivity has not changed significantly over the past 10,000 generations.
Effect of wood particle size on mechanical properties of industrial wood particle-polyethylene composites

Summary — Industrial wood particles used for manufacturing three-layers particleboards were employed to prepare wood/PE-LD composites by an injection molding process. The effect of particle size (sieve analysis 0.25—0.5, 0.5—1, 1—2, and 2—4 mm) and of specimen cross-section size (40, 90 and 160 mm 2 ) on the mechanical properties was studied. Both these factors significantly influenced studied properties. The tensile, flexural and impact strengths properties in general increased with increasing particle size while with increasing of specimen cross-section the tensile and flexural moduli increased, and the tensile, flexural and impact strengths decreased.
Sexual Dimorphism in Immune Defense

Sex differences in parasitism are common and may depend on sex differences in intensity of sexual competition, immunosuppression, or exposure to parasites. We used a large data set on the mass of two immune defense organs in birds (the bursa of Fabricius and the spleen) to test for consistent sex differences in immune defense. Males had a relative spleen mass that was consistently smaller, but more variable, than that of females across species of birds. A sex difference in the size of the spleen was not present among juveniles but was large and statistically significant among adults. The suppression of spleen mass in adult males increased with a measure of intensity of sexual selection: the frequency of extra‐pair paternity. These findings suggest that sexdifferences in parasitism may arise as a consequence of sex differences in immune function, as mediated by sexual selection.
Evaluation and Selection of Models for Attrition Nonresponse Adjustment

The setting of this paper is a longitudinal survey like SIPP, with successive "waves" of data collection from sampled individuals, in which nonresponse attrition occurs and is treated by weighting adjustment, either through adjustment cells or a model like logistic regression in terms of auxiliary covariates. FollowingBailey (2004) and Slud and Bailey (2006), we measure the discrepancy in estimated initial-wave ('Wave 1') attribute totals between the survey-weighted estimator in the first wave and for the corresponding weight-adjusted estimator for the same Wave-1 item total based on later-wave respondents. The present research defines composite metrics of quality for models used to adjust a longitudinal survey for attrition. The metrics combine the magnitudes of estimated between-wave adjustment biases based on subsets of the sample, relative to the estimated total, for various survey items. The maximum of the adjustment biases for estimated totals of a survey item are calculated from the first j sample units, as j ranges from 1 to the size of the entire (Wave-1) sample, after each of a number of random re-orderings either of the whole sample or of the units within specified cells (which are then also randomly re-ordered); and the average over re-orderings of the maximal adjustment bias is divided by the estimated wave-1 attribute total to give the metric value. Confidence bands for the metric are estimated, and the metric is applied to judge the quality of and to select among a collection of logistic-regression models for attrition nonresponse adjustment in SIPP 96.
Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria

SUMMARY The aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a relatively recently discovered bacterial group. Although taxonomically and phylogenetically heterogeneous, these bacteria share the following distinguishing features: the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a incorporated into reaction center and light-harvesting complexes, low levels of the photosynthetic unit in cells, an abundance of carotenoids, a strong inhibition by light of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis, and the inability to grow photosynthetically under anaerobic conditions. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are classified in two marine (Erythrobacter and Roseobacter) and six freshwater (Acidiphilium, Erythromicrobium, Erythromonas, Porphyrobacter, Roseococcus, and Sandaracinobacter) genera, which phylogenetically belong to the α-1, α-3, and α-4 subclasses of the class Proteobacteria. Despite this phylogenetic information, the evolution and ancestry of their photosynthetic properties are unclear. We discuss several current proposals for the evolutionary origin of aerobic phototrophic bacteria. The closest phylogenetic relatives of aerobic phototrophic bacteria include facultatively anaerobic purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacteria. Since these two bacterial groups share many properties, yet have significant differences, we compare and contrast their physiology, with an emphasis on morphology and photosynthetic and other metabolic processes.
Effect of molding condition and pellets material on the weld property of injection molded jute/polylactic acid

Natural fibers such as jute fiber and biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer are very good choices for environmental friendly material. Multi-gate injection is often used to meet the demand of mass production of injection moldings, therefore weld line is inevitable. The presence of weld lines not only detracts from the surface quality but also significantly reduces the mechanical strength of injection-molded parts. Although it is not always easy to completely eliminate weld lines, the weld strength could be improved through suitable adjustment of molding conditions such as melt temperature, mold temperature, hold pressure, injection speed, and so on. In this study, three kinds of pellets materials were prepared: long fiber pellets (LFT), the re-compounding pellets (RP), and LFT50:RP50 hybrid mixtures (LFT/RP). Tensile test was carried out to investigate the effect of different pellets and holding pressures on the mechanical property of welded jute/PLA specimens. And the interfacial shear strength of non-welded jute/PLA specimens was calculated with Kelly-Tyson Formula. Fiber separation and fiber dispersion in RP became better than that of LFT which resulted in a better interfacial property. Weld strength of RP and hybrid LFT/RP specimens was improved by 43.34% and 16.46% than that of LFT specimen, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
A secure and verifiable outsourcing scheme for matrix inverse computation

Matrix inverse computation is one of the most fundamental mathematical problems in large-scale data analytics and computing. It is often too expensive to be solved in resource-constrained devices such as sensors. Outsourcing the computation task to a cloud server or a fog server is a potential approach as the server is able to perform large-scale scientific computations on behalf of resource-constrained users with special software. However, outsourcing brings in new security concerns and challenges such as data privacy violations and result invalidation. In this paper, we propose a secure and verifiable outsourcing scheme to compute the matrix inverse in a server. In our scheme, the client generates two secret key sets based on two chaotic systems, which are utilized to create two sparse matrices whose permuted versions are used for matrix encryption and decryption to protect input and output privacy. The server computes the inverse over the ciphertext matrix and returns the result to the client who can verify the validity of the inverse. We analyze the proposed scheme in terms of correctness, security, verifiability, and attack resistance, and compare its performance (computation, storage, and communication overheads) with those of the state-of-the-art. Our theoretical results and comparison study demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides a secure and efficient outsourcing mechanism for matrix inverse computation.
Studies of blue organic electroluminescent devices using the polymer/dopant systems as a light-emitting layer

In this study, blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using polymer-dopant systems as a light-emitting layer were fabricated. The light-emitting layer was produced via a spin-coating process. The materials used in the light-emitting layer included: poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a matrix material, and blue-emission 4,4'-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl (DPVBi) as a light-emitting material. The blue OLED was fabricated by blending PVK and DPVBi according to the proportion of mass as specified for a light-emitting layer. Process relevant photophysical mechanisms and energy transfer phenomena were studied using absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescent excitation, and electroluminescence (EL) spectra. We have learned that there was energy transfer phenomenon between PVK and DPVBi. More specifically, the EL spectrum of PVK:DPVBi was significantly different from the PL spectra of PVK, DPVBi, and PVK:DPVBi, shifting to a longer wavelength and showing multiple boarding emission peaks (maximum emission at 465 and 486 nm). The electro-optical characteristics of the blue OLED and the possible origin of the difference between the EL and PL spectra were discussed.