Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-RAY-EMITTING STARS IDENTIFIED FROM THE ROSAT ALL-SKY SURVEY AND THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY

The ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) was the first imaging X-ray survey of the entire sky. Combining the RASS Bright and Faint Source Catalogs yields an average of about three X-ray sources per square degree. However, while X-ray source counterparts are known to range from distant quasars to nearby M dwarfs, the RASS data alone are often insufficient to determine the nature of an X-ray source. As a result, large-scale follow-up programs are required to construct samples of known X-ray emitters. We use optical data produced by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to identify 709 stellar X-ray emitters cataloged in the RASS and falling within the SDSS Data Release 1 footprint. Most of these are bright stars with coronal X-ray emission unsuitable for SDSS spectroscopy, which is designed for fainter objects (g > 15 [mag]). Instead, we use SDSS photometry, correlations with the Two Micron All Sky Survey and other catalogs, and spectroscopy from the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope to identify these stellar X-ray counterparts. Our sample of 707 X-ray-emitting F, G, K, and M stars is one of the largest X-ray-selected samples of such stars. We derive distances to these stars using photometric parallax relations appropriate for dwarfs on the main sequence, and use these distances to calculate LX. We also identify a previously unknown cataclysmic variable (CV) as a RASS counterpart. Separately, we use correlations of the RASS and the SDSS spectroscopic catalogs of CVs and white dwarfs (WDs) to study the properties of these rarer X-ray-emitting stars. We examine the relationship between (fX/fg) and the equivalent width of the Hβ emission line for 46 X-ray-emitting CVs and discuss tentative classifications for a subset based on these quantities. We identify 17 new X-ray-emitting DA (hydrogen) WDs, of which three are newly identified WDs. We report on follow-up observations of three candidate cool X-ray-emitting WDs (one DA and two DB (helium) WDs); we have not confirmed X-ray emission from these WDs.
The influence of omentectomy on bacterial clearance: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND The influence of an omentectomy on peritoneal defense mechanisms and its clinical consequences have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the influence of omentectomy on bacterial growth in blood and tissue specimen cultures in rats with experimental peritonitis. METHODS Fifty Wistar-Albino rats were included in the present study. Animals were assigned into five groups as follow: Group 1 (n = 10), omentectomy alone; Group 2 (n = 10), omentectomy + bacterial peritonitis; Group 3 (n = 10), bacterial peritonitis alone; Group 4 (n = 10), laparotomy alone; and Group 5 (n = 10), sham group. Culture positivity rate and bacterial growth (colony forming units [CFU]/gram tissue) were assessed in mesenteric lymphoid tissue and venous blood of all animals. RESULTS Bacterial growth in lymphoid tissue was significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 than others (both, p < 0.05). CFU of Escherichia coli in lymphoid tissue was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 (both, p < 0.05/4). Blood culture positivity was significantly higher in Group 2 than the others (both, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The omentum has an important role in the host peritoneal defense system. Peritoneal infection may pursue a more severe course with increased bacterial entrance into the blood in the absence of the omentum.
The Effects of Gain-, Loss-, and Balanced-Framed Messages for Preventing Indoor Tanning among Young Adult Women

Indoor tanning (IT) increases the risks of skin cancer, but evidence on how to design health education messaging targeting IT among young adult women remains limited. This study investigated the effects of theory-guided gain-, loss-, and balanced-framed IT prevention messages. Young adult women ages 18–30 who indoor tan (n = 552, mean age = 24.9 years [standard deviation = 3.1]) were recruited online, completed pre-exposure measures, and were randomized to view a gain-, loss-, or balanced-framed message. Participants completed post-exposure measures of message response (emotional response, message receptivity), IT risk (perceived severity, susceptibility), and efficacy (self-efficacy, perceived benefits of avoiding IT) beliefs, and IT behavioral intentions. Loss- and balanced-framed messages promoted significantly greater emotional response and message receptivity and lower IT behavioral intentions than gain-framed messages. The effects of loss- and balanced-framed messages on IT behavioral intentions were mediated by greater emotional response and message receptivity compared with the gain-framed message. These results can inform the development of public health education campaigns to prevent and reduce IT among young adult women. Future research can build from these findings by investigating additional message themes and tailoring strategies to maximize their effects, examining the effects of framed messages prospectively, and investigating ways to enhance message receptivity, such as through novel message delivery channels (e.g., mobile devices).
Major-histocompatibility-complex class I alleles and antigens in hematopoietic-cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND Successful engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells from unrelated donors is influenced by disparities between the donor and recipient for HLA-A, B, and C alleles. Disparities between HLA sequence polymorphisms that are serologically detectable are termed antigen mismatches, whereas those that can be identified only by DNA-based typing methods are termed allele mismatches. Whether both kinds of polymorphisms are important in transplantation is not known. We tested the hypothesis that allele mismatches that are detectable only at the DNA level are less immunogenic than those that are serologically detectable and thereby are associated with a lower risk of graft failure after hematopoietic-cell transplantation METHODS We used DNA sequencing to define the HLA-A, B, and C alleles in 471 patients who received bone marrow from unrelated donors for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia after myeloablative conditioning therapy. The odds ratios for graft failure were determined for recipients of transplants from donors with a single class I allele mismatch, a single class I antigen mismatch, or two or more class I mismatches, as compared with those with no mismatch RESULTS A single HLA allele mismatch did not increase the risk of graft failure, whereas a single antigen mismatch significantly increased the risk. The risk was also increased if the recipient was HLA homozygous at the mismatched class I locus or if the donor had two or more class I mismatches CONCLUSIONS HLA class I antigen mismatches that are serologically detectable confer an enhanced risk of graft failure after hematopoietic-cell transplantation. Transplants from donors with a single class I allele mismatch that is not serologically detectable may be used without an increased risk of graft failure.
Rotor design functional standard of Synchronous Reluctance Motor according to torque/volume using FEM & SUMT

This paper deals with an automatic optimum design based on torque/volume for a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). The focus of this paper is to find the ratio Kw of total flux barrier width to total iron sheet width for maximum torque per volume. And optimization algorithm is used by means of sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT). The coupled finite elements analysis (FEA) & Preisach model have been used to evaluate nonlinear solutions. The proposed procedure allows to define the rotor geometric dimensions according to torque/volume starting from an existing motor or a preliminary design
The thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle reflects the muscle compartment and may be used as a new anthropometric parameter for nutritional assessment

Purpose of reviewContraction of the adductor pollicis muscle after electrical stimulation (electromyogram) or dynamometry (hand-grip tests) has been evaluated in a variety of clinical conditions as a parameter to assess nutritional status. However, adductor pollicis muscle thickness has not been investigated as an anthropometric parameter. Recent findingsProlonged immobilization and non-use of lower and upper limb muscles causes atrophy. Adductor pollicis muscle function is normal in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and multiple sclerosis, whereas the musculature of lower limbs suffers more pronounced functional alterations. Structure and function are relatively preserved in upper limb muscles, probably because of the maintenance of some daily activities involving the arms. Inactivity as a result of a reduction in daily activities is probably the driving factor for these changes. Forearm immobilization for 21 days caused no significant change in muscle morphology, but caused a deterioration in muscle function. Virtually all routinely developed activities requiring opposition of the thumb muscle and repetitive exercise of one muscle group for a given period of time maintain muscle size and function. Apathy is often observed as malnutrition progresses, reducing daily working activity and aggravating adductor pollicis muscle loss besides the muscular catabolism caused by disease. SummaryThis study provides the first estimates of adductor pollicis muscle thickness in normal healthy individuals. The adductor pollicis muscle has a positive correlation with anthropometric variables that estimate muscle mass, but fails to correlate with parameters that estimate fat mass. This measurement is now being evaluated as an anthropometric parameter in clinical studies.
The Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Ligand Levetiracetam Inhibits Presynaptic Ca2+ Channels through an Intracellular Pathway

Levetiracetam (LEV) is a prominent antiepileptic drug that binds to neuronal synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A protein and has reported effects on ion channels, but with a poorly defined mechanism of action. We investigated inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca2+ (CaV) channels as a potential mechanism through which LEV exerts effects on neuronal activity. We used electrophysiological methods to investigate the effects of LEV on cholinergic synaptic transmission and CaV channel activity in superior cervical ganglion neurons (SCGNs). In parallel, we investigated the effects of the inactive LEV R-enantiomer, (R)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide (UCB L060). LEV but not UCB L060 (each at 100 μM) inhibited synaptic transmission between SCGNs in long-term culture in a time-dependent manner, significantly reducing excitatory postsynaptic potentials after a ≥30-min application. In isolated SCGNs, LEV pretreatment (≥1 h) but not short-term application (5 min) significantly inhibited whole-cell Ba2+ current (IBa) amplitude. In current-clamp recordings, LEV reduced the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarizing potential in a Ca2+-dependent manner but also increased the action potential latency in a Ca2+-independent manner, which suggests additional mechanisms associated with reduced excitability. Intracellular LEV application (4–5 min) caused rapid inhibition of IBa amplitude, to an extent comparable to that seen with extracellular LEV pretreatment (≥1 h). Neither pretreatment nor intracellular application of UCB L060 produced any inhibitory effects on IBa amplitude. These results identify a stereospecific intracellular pathway through which LEV inhibits presynaptic CaV channels; resultant reductions in neuronal excitability are proposed to contribute to the anticonvulsant effects of LEV.
Changes in fronto‐posterior functional coupling at sleep onset in humans

The aim of this study was to assess the functional coupling between anterior and posterior areas as induced by the sleep onset process. The functional coupling was indexed by an analysis of spectral coherence and directed transfer function (DTF) from electroencephalographic (EEG) data. As it has been reported that more anterior areas first synchronize sleep EEG activity, we hypothesized a fronto‐posterior direction of the cortical functional coupling during the sleep onset process. Ten normal right‐handed male students slept for two‐nights (one adaptation, one baseline) in the laboratory, with standard polysomnographic recordings. Spectral coherence and DTF were computed on data recorded by anterior (FzA1) and posterior (PzA1, OzA1) derivations. EEG coherence at the delta/theta band was higher during the presleep period than the sleep onset period, while EEG coherence at the alpha band was higher during the sleep onset period than the presleep period. The DTF findings indicated a prevalence of the occipital‐to‐frontal information flow at delta/theta and alpha bands during the presleep period and a prevalence of the frontal‐to‐parieto‐occipital information flow at all bands during the sleep onset period. The coherent pattern of changes in EEG coherence and in DTF values at sleep onset lends further support to the notion of sleep as a local process, showing that the sleep onset process is subserved by the functional coordination of a cortical fronto‐posterior network. In this network, prefrontal areas may play a leading role in the propagation of synchronizing signals conveyed at frequencies spanning delta to beta rhythms.
Interferometry by deconvolution , Part I : Theory and numerical examples

Interferometry allows us to synthesize data recorded at any two receivers into waves that propagate between these receivers as if one of them behaves as a source. This is typically accomplished by cross-correlations. Based on perturbation theory and representation theorems, we show that interferometry can also be done by deconvolutions for arbitrary media and multidimensional experiments. This is important for interferometry applications where the excitation is described by a complicated function. First, we derive a series expansion that proves that interferometry can be accomplished by deconvolution before source integration. This method, unlike using cross-correlations, yields only causal scattered waves that propagate between the receivers. We provide an analysis in terms of singly and multiply scattered waves. Because deconvolution interferometry shapes the zero-offset trace in the interferometric shot gather into a band limited spike centered at time equal zero, spurious arrivals are generated by the method. Here, we explain the physics behind these spurious arrivals and demonstrate the they usually do not map onto coherent structures in the image domain. We also derive an interferometry method that does deconvolution after source integration that is associated with existing interferometry techniques. Deconvolution after source integration yields both causal and acausal scattering responses, and it also introduces spurious events. Finally, we illustrate the main concepts of deconvolution interferometry and its differences with the correlation-based approach through stationary-phase analysis and with numerical examples.
Quantification in Populations of Nonuniformly Distributed Cells in the Human Cerebral Cortex

A fundamental concept in design-based stereology is systematic-random sampling (Stuart, 1962; Miles and Davy, 1976), a straightforward application of the equal opportunity rule to cell sampling (Cruz Orive and Weibel, 1981; Geuna, 2000). That is, for counts of total cell number, all cells, regardless of their size, shape, and spatial orientation, should have the same chance of being sampled and therefore counted. An alternative approach, the biased “model-based” strategy, does not apply the equal opportunity rule, but uses “correction” factors based on false or nonverifiable assumptions, for example, all cells are spheres. The unreliability of results using biased sampling methods varies according to the magnitude of the discrepancies between the real situation and the assumptions and models in the approach. An essential requirement for generating reliable estimates of biological objects in the brain is the delineation of anatomically well-defined reference spaces (region of interest), for example, the thalamus, the hippocampus, or the basal ganglia. Less anatomically bounded reference volumes such as the cortical fields of Brodmann or Von Economo present a challenge, one that may require the assistance of experts in cytoarchitectonics or specialized staining methods. Further complications may occur if one or part of the reference space is unavailable for sampling. The wake of the Redfern Report and the Bristol Heart Inquiry into the retention of tissue at Alder Hey Hospital and Walton Hospital controversy in the mid-1990s led to enactment of the Human Tissue Act 2004 in the United Kingdom, which made consent from relatives for postmortem examination mandatory. These changes placed tight limits on the material used for the analyses of changes in volume and/or neuron number described in this chapter. In some cases, the material was considered so valuable that serial sectioning through the whole block was not possible, thus the demands of systematic-random sampling could not be satisfied.
The Aston Programme Contribution to Organizational Research: A Literature Review

This paper reviews the literature about the Aston Programme of organizational research, in particular, its studies of organizational structure. The intellectual commitments of the Aston Programme are explicated and contrasted with the then dominant traditions of organizational research. The methodology is explained, with its emphasis on quantitative variables, reliable scales and statistical methods. The way successive studies confirmed or challenged Weberian bureaucracy is discussed. The major structural scales and their short forms are described. The relationships among the structural variables and between them and the contextual variables of size, technology and public accountability are outlined. The generalizability of these relationships in organizational research across countries is considered. The paper offers a roughly chronological narrative in three phases: the original Aston study, the National study and then on to the many subsequent replication and extension studies and reviews of them. Some cognate organizational research studies are brought in that confirm the Aston Programme. The need to continue the Astonian Cartesian approach rather than the configurational approach is emphasized. In closing, the Aston legacy is briefly summated and a vision for a future Aston Programme is offered in an Epilogue.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Coal Ash Reinforced Glass Fiber Polymer Matrix Composites

Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are one of the most widely used composite materials. The addition of Coal ash to polymer matrix dramatically increases the overall mechanical strength of the composite material as compared to the polymer composite. In view of this, a method is proposed for mixing coal ash powder (size 52-75 µm) into resin and Ash reinforced polymer composites are fabricated by using hand lay-up technique in different weight percentages of coal ash in polymer such as 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20%. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, compression and Impact properties are studied as per ASTM standards. From the Experimental analysis, it was observed 20% ash reinforced polymer composite is having better tensile strength in comparison with other ash percentages. Similarly 16% ash reinforced composite is having better flexural strength in comparison with other percentages of ash. Similarly 12% ash reinforced composite is having better compression strength in comparison with others. By conducting impact test it was observed that impact strength of polymer matrix composites without ash is having better impact strength than that of coal ash reinforced polymer matrix composites, it was also found that there is no significant effect on Impact strength with the addition of coal ash to glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites.
Organized Emergence of Multiple-Generations of Teeth in Snakes Is Dysregulated by Activation of Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signalling

In contrast to mammals, most reptiles constantly regenerate their teeth. In the snake, the epithelial dental lamina ends in a successional lamina, which proliferates and elongates forming multiple tooth generations, all linked by a permanent dental lamina. To investigate the mechanisms used to control the initiation of new tooth germs in an ordered sequential pattern we utilized the polyphodont (multiple-generation) corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus). We observed that the dental lamina expressed the transcription factor Sox2, a multipotent stem cell marker, whereas the successional lamina cells expressed the transcription factor Lef1, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway target gene. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in culture increased the number of developing tooth germs, in comparison to control untreated cultures. These additional tooth germs budded off from ectopic positions along the dental lamina, rather than in an ordered sequence from the successional lamina. Wnt/β-catenin activation enhanced cell proliferation, particularly in normally non-odontogenic regions of the dental lamina, which widely expressed Lef1, restricting the Sox2 domain. This suggests an expansion of the successional lamina at the expense of the dental lamina. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cultured snake dental organs, therefore, led to changes in proliferation and to the molecular pattern of the dental lamina, resulting in loss of the organised emergence of tooth germs. These results suggest that epithelial compartments are critical for the arrangement of organs that develop in sequence, and highlight the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in such processes.
Effect of tetraethylammonium on the active cation transport system of the red blood cell.

SACHS, JOHN R. , AND MARCEL E:. CONRAD. E&t of tetraethylummonium on the active cation transport system of the red blood cell. Am. J. Physiol. 215(4) : 795-798. 1968. -The effect of TEA (the tetraethylammonium ion) on aspects of cation transport in the human red blood cell has been determined. In addition to competitively inhibiting the potassium influx, TEA competitively inhibits the potassium-activated sodium outflux. The effect of TEA is reversible since it can be washed from the cells after they have been exposed to it, TEA substitutes for potassium in that it inhibits a part of the sodium influx as does potassium, and it inhibits the binding of ouabain to the cells when both TEA and ouabain are present simultaneously, an effect which is also achieved by potassium. These results suggest that TEA combines with some component of the cation transport system, either at the potassium-sensitive sites or at some other site, and so alters the configuration of the system that it is unable to carry out cation transport or bind ouabain.