Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal-spatial Distribution and the Influencing Factors of Mountain-Flood Disasters in Sichuan Province

The temporal-spatial distribution and influencing factors of mountain-flood disaster are a key issue in the disaster data mining. Using the historical mountainflood catastrophe data that is learned from the National Mountain Flood Disaster Investigation Project from 1950 to 2015 in the Sichuan Province, and employing the methods in geostatistics, geographic detector and geospatial analysis, this paper systematically analyzed the temporal-spatial distribution of historical mountain-flood disaster and the influencing factors in Sichuan Province. The main findings are the following : (1) The total amount of mountain-flood disasters in the Sichuan Province, from 1950 to 2015, remained stable and then increased rapidly. In addition, the catastrophe mainly occurred from May to September, especially in July every year. (2) The frequency of county disasters over Sichuan showed a decreasing trend from south to north. The average rainfall during historical mountainflood disaster (ARD) increased exponentially from east to west, and decreased from middle to north. (3) From May to September each year and from1950s to 2010s, the center of gravity and the elliptical center of each standard deviation of the accumulated mountain-flood disaster are concentrated in the central part of Sichuan, moving to the northeast. The accumulated disaster points emerged in a pattern of southwest-northeast. (4) The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates a positive spatial correlation between the amount of mountain-flood disaster and ARD in county area. (5) The geographic detector analysis indicates that natural factors, rainfall, human activity and other factors have a 收稿日期:2018-04-16;修回日期:2018-06-22. 基金项目:中国水利水电科学研究院全国山洪灾害调查评价项目(SHZH-IWHR-57);国家自然科学基金项目(51774250);西 藏自治区科技支撑计划项目(省 809);西南石油大学科技创新团队项目(2017CXTD09)。 [ Foundation items: IWHR (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research) National Mountain Flood Disaster Investigation Project, No.SHZH-IWHR-57; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.51774250; The Tibet Autonomous Region Science and Technology Support Project, No.809; Southwest Petroleum University of Science And Technology Innovation Team Projects, No.2017CXTD09. ] 作者简介:熊俊楠(1981-),男,四川南充人,副教授,主要从事地理信息系统与灾害风险分析方面的研究。 E-mail: neu_xjn@163.com *通讯作者:郭 良(1960-),男,教授级高工,主要从事山洪灾害防治研究。 E-mail: guol@iwhr.com Vol.20, No.10 Oct., 2018 第20卷 第10期 2018年10月 网络出版时间:2018-10-17 13:27:05 网络出版地址:http://kns.cnki. net/kcms/detail/11.5809. P.20181017. 1324.034. html
The Centre Acknowledges Financial Support from the Leverhulme Trust under Programme Grant F114/bf Centre for Research on Globalisation and Labour Markets Entry, Exit and Establishment Survival in Uk Manufacturing Entry, Exit and Establishment Survival in Uk Manufacturing

Acknowledgements The work has been financed by the Economic and Social Research Council under grants R000236653 and R000222730. The authors would like to thank participants at a Workshop held at QMW concerning the use of the ARD data set, and seminar participants at a Leverhulme workshop at the University of Nottingham, for valuable comments. Thanks also to staff at ONS and Richard Harris for help with the data. Patty Anderson at Dartmouth College, USA provided some very helpful suggestions. Abstract Despite the profusion of theoretical IO literature on the exit and entry of firms, there are few empirical studies. This paper provides evidence on entry, exit and survival for UK manufacturing establishments from 1974 to 1991 using the ARD database, a newly released dataset containing the universe of such establishments since 1972. We examine patterns of entry and exit across industries and over time. The paper utilises an augmented Cox proportional hazard to examine the survival of new plants in the UK in the 1980s. The results indicate a secular fall in cohort survival probabilities over time, and complex interactions between survival, age of firm and the size of the firm over time.
Running title: Fitness effects of new mutations under stress

1 Most spontaneous mutations affecting fitness are likely to be deleterious, but the strength of 2 selection acting on them might be impacted by environmental stress. Such stress-dependent 3 selection could expose hidden genetic variation, which in turn might increase the adaptive 4 potential of stressed populations. On the other hand, this variation might represent a genetic load 5 and thus lead to population extinction under stress. Previous studies to determine the link 6 between stress and mutational effects on fitness, however, have produced inconsistent results. 7 Here, we determined the net change in fitness in 29 genotypes of the green algae 8 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that accumulated mutations in the near absence of selection for 9 approximately 1,000 generations across two stress gradients, increasing NaCl and decreasing 1 0 phosphate. We found mutational effects to be magnified under extremely stressful conditions, 1 1 but such effects were specific both to the type of stress as well as to the genetic background. The 1 2 detection of stress-dependent fitness effects of mutations depended on accurately scaling relative 1 3 fitness measures by generation times, thus offering an explanation for the inconsistencies among 1 4 previous studies.
Tax Fairness Dimensions In An Asian Context: The Malaysian Perspective

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether similar tax fairness dimensions that exist in western countries also exist in an Asian country. The 5 tax fairness dimensions are general fairness, tax rate structure, exchange with the government, self interest and special provisions of the wealthy. A survey questionnaire on tax fairness developed by Gerbing (1988) was administered to 390 respondents. The result of the factor analysis identified three slightly different tax fairness dimensions. They are general fairness, tax structure and self interest. Education and cultural differences in Malaysia compared to the western countries could possibly explain the reason that slightly different tax dimensions are found in Malaysia.
Nonviral-Mediated Hepatic Expression of IGF-I Increases Treg Levels and Suppresses Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice

In type 1 diabetes, loss of tolerance to β-cell antigens results in T-cell–dependent autoimmune destruction of β cells. The abrogation of autoreactive T-cell responses is a prerequisite to achieve long-lasting correction of the disease. The liver has unique immunomodulatory properties and hepatic gene transfer results in tolerance induction and suppression of autoimmune diseases, in part by regulatory T-cell (Treg) activation. Hence, the liver could be manipulated to treat or prevent diabetes onset through expression of key genes. IGF-I may be an immunomodulatory candidate because it prevents autoimmune diabetes when expressed in β cells or subcutaneously injected. Here, we demonstrate that transient, plasmid-derived IGF-I expression in mouse liver suppressed autoimmune diabetes progression. Suppression was associated with decreased islet inflammation and β-cell apoptosis, increased β-cell replication, and normalized β-cell mass. Permanent protection depended on exogenous IGF-I expression in liver nonparenchymal cells and was associated with increased percentage of intrapancreatic Tregs. Importantly, Treg depletion completely abolished IGF-I-mediated protection confirming the therapeutic potential of these cells in autoimmune diabetes. This study demonstrates that a nonviral gene therapy combining the immunological properties of the liver and IGF-I could be beneficial in the treatment of the disease.
The effective strategies for preventing high school students’ academic procrastination

The purpose of this study was to investigate effective strategies for high school students’ academic procrastination in Lorestan province. For this purpose, 382 subjects were selected among the statistical population of high school students in grade two and three, by cluster random sampling method. Data collecting tool consisted of a 73 multiple choice questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by experts’ approval and content validity method and its reliability obtained to be 0.92 after implementation in a sample of 30 subjects by Cronbach alpha coefficient calculation. After the distribution, completion, collection, arranging and data entry the principal component analysis method was used for data analysis. The obtained results were led to the extraction of nine main factors including the sense of need for effort and act, time, planning, pledge, self-confidence, self-monitors, reminders and induce oneself to do homework, detail technology, reward and punishment. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
The Influence of Angkak Treatment on Physical , Chemical and Organoleptical Characteristics of the Castoff Duck Meat Sausage

This research is aimed to understand the influence of angkak as curing material and natural color maker on physical and chemical characteristics and also on organoleptical test of castoff duck meat sausage, in effort to maintain the quality of castoff duck meat sausage. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance using Complete Random Planning 4x4. Treatment involves various angkak levels, such as 0% (without treatment), 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. It includes 4 times replications continued with HSD Test. Organoleptical test is done by the panelist using Scoring for Intensity Test on color, flavor, taste and texture tests. Results of physical test (color, water holding capacity and pH), chemical test (water content, lipid and protein) and bacterial total showing that angkak treatment at levels of 0%,1%, 1.5%, and 2%, may give obvious influence (P < 0.05) on duck meat sausage. Color organoleptical test is giving very obvious influence (P < 0.01), whereas organoleptical tests of aroma, taste and texture do not give obvious influence (P > 0.01). Result of research indicates that angkak treatment 1% is already effective to maintain sausage quality and useful as curing compound and natural color maker n the preparation of castoff duck meat sausage.
Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Rational Assessments of Covariation and Causality Permalink

Are human contingency judgments based on associationistic principles such as cue competition or on normative principles as specified by rational-cognitive models? In this study, participants learned to predict an outcome from several simultaneously presented cues. They were asked to judge the cues in regard to causal power or statistical concepts such as probability or relative frequency. Uniform application of associationistic principles implies cue-interaction effects of blocking (Experiment 1) and conditioned inhibition (Experiment 2) for all judgments. A rational-cognitive framework predicts cueinteraction effects for causality judgments, but not for probability and relative frequency judgments. The results support the rational-cognitive framework on all accounts.
i-Tree Streets / Design / Eco Rainfall Interception Model Comparisons

i-Tree Streets/Design and Eco estimate annual rainfall interception by urban forest based on different physics-based water balance models. Streets/Design is based on Xiao et al. (1998), while Eco is based on Wang et al. (2008) and improved by Hirabayashi (2013). In Xiao et al. (1998), annual rainfall interception percentage against the gross precipitation in Sacramento County, CA was estimated 1.0 % for the entire area and 11.1 % for the canopy-covered area. Applying Wang et al.’s model without Hirabayashi’s model to the same study area resulted in 0.6 % and 8.6 %, respectively. The results didn’t exactly match, but considering the differences in the two models’ parameterizations, it can be concluded that they were relatively in a good agreement. Although these results seem feasible to represent annual rainfall interception by urban forest, they may be too large if these results are interpreted as annual avoided runoff due to trees. Even if these trees were all removed, rainfall otherwise intercepted by trees may infiltrate into the ground or be stored on ground depressions and thus not all of the rainfall would runoff. To represent the annual avoided runoff, the effects by trees need to be isolated from Xiao et al.’s or Wang et al.’s results. Hirabayashi (2013) developed tree effect isolation method incorporating into Wang et al.’s model in i-Tree Eco. With this improvement, the annual avoided runoff for Sacramento County, CA was estimated 0.14 % for the entire area, about one seventh of Xiao et al. ’s annual rainfall interception (1.0 %).
Leading Indicators of Systemic Banking Crises: Finland in a Panel of EU Countries

This paper investigates leading indicators of systemic banking crises in a panel of 11 EU countries, with a particular focus on Finland. We use quarterly data from 1980Q1 to 2013Q2, in order to create a large number of macro-financial indicators, as well as their various transformations. We make use of univariate signal extraction and multivariate logit analysis to assess what factors lead the occurrence of a crisis and with what horizon the indicators lead a crisis. We find that loans-to-deposits and house price growth are the best leading indicators. Growth rates and trend deviations of loan stock variables also yield useful signals of impending crises. While the optimal lead horizon is three years, indicators generally perform well with lead times ranging from one to four years. We also tap into unique long time-series of the Finnish economy to perform historical explorations into macro-financial vulnerabilities.
Visual engagement with urban street edges: insights using mobile eye-tracking

ABSTRACT This study provides empirical insight into the extent to which pedestrians visually engage with urban street edges and how social and spatial factors impact such engagement. This was achieved using mobile eye-tracking. The gaze distribution of 24 study participants was systematically recorded as they carried out everyday tasks on differing streets. The findings demonstrated that street edges are the most visually engaged component of streets; that street edge visual engagement is impacted by everyday social tasks as well as the spatial and physical materiality of edges on differing streets; and that street edges, which attract a lot of visual engagement while undertaking optional tasks, also attract greater amounts of visual engagement while undertaking necessary tasks. These findings offer new insight into urban street edge engagement from the direct perspective of street inhabitants and in doing so provide greater understanding of how street edges are experienced.
Persuasion, Justification and the Communication of Social Impact

We experimentally investigate strategic communication about the impact of prosocial actions, which is central to policy debates about foreign aid or the environment. In our experiment, a “sender” receives an informative but noisy signal about the impact of a charitable donation. She then sends a message to a “receiver”, upon which both subjects choose whether to donate. The sender faces a trade-off between persuading the receiver to act and justifying her own inaction. We find evidence for both motives. Increasing the visibility of the sender’s actions increases the justification motive and makes senders more likely to report low impact, reducing giving among receivers. These results show the intimate links between reputation and com- munication in moral domains, and help understand the fraught nature of political discussions about social impact.
The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism PPARG 2 Pro 12 Ala Affects Body Mass Index , Fat Mass , and Blood Pressure in Severely Obese Patients

Health Science Post-Graduation Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 1a Avenida s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil Institute of Science and Technology (FIBRA), BR 060-153 KM 97 N° 3400, São João, Anápolis, GO 75000-001, Brazil Uni-Anhanguera University Center of Goias, Av. João Candido de Oliveira, 115-Cidade Jardim, Goiânia, GO 74423-115, Brazil Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
Returns to Talent and the Finance Wage Premium

To study the role of talent in finance workers’ pay, we exploit a special feature of the French higher education system. Wage returns to talent have been significantly higher and have risen faster since the 1980s in finance than in other sectors. Both wage returns to project size and the elasticity of project size to talent are also higher in this industry. Last, the share of performance pay varies more for talent in finance. These findings are supportive of finance wages reflecting the competitive assignment of talent in an industry that exhibits a high complementarity between talent and scale. Received October 11, 2017; editorial decision September 4, 2018 by Editor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Lexical availability of young Spanish EFL learners: emotion words versus non-emotion words

ABSTRACT This study intends to contribute to L2 emotion vocabulary research by looking at the words that primary-school English as foreign language learners produce in response to prompts in a lexical availability task. Specifically, it aims to ascertain whether emotion prompts (Love, Hate, Happy and Sad) generate a greater number of words than non-emotion prompts (School and Animals). It also seeks to identify the words learners associate with each semantic category to determine whether the words produced in response to emotion prompts differ from non-emotion words. The results showed a significant difference in the number of words generated across prompts. Most words were produced for the prompt School, followed by Animals, Happy, Love, Hate and Sad. Non-emotion prompts elicited a higher number of words than emotion prompts, and within the latter, a significant effect of valence was observed as learners retrieved a higher number of words in response to positive emotion prompts than to negative prompts. Overall, learners’ lexical availability output in each of the six prompts showed the predominance of nouns over other word classes. However, slightly different patterns were also observed for the top 10 responses to Happy, Hate and Sad, and together with nouns, other word classes appeared as well.
Structural and Immunological Characterization of Recombinant 6-Cysteine Domains of the Plasmodium falciparum Sexual Stage Protein Pfs230*

Development of a Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) transmission blocking vaccine (TBV) has the potential to significantly impact malaria control. Antibodies elicited against sexual stage proteins in the human bloodstream are taken up with the blood meal of the mosquitoes and inactivate parasite development in the mosquito. In a phase 1 trial, a leading TBV identified as Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel® appeared safe and immunogenic, however, the level of Pfs25-specific antibodies were likely too low for an effective vaccine. Pfs230, a 230-kDa sexual stage protein expressed in gametocytes is an alternative vaccine candidate. A unique 6-cysteine-rich domain structure within Pfs230 have thwarted its recombinant expression and characterization for clinical evaluation for nearly a quarter of a century. Here, we report on the identification, biochemical, biophysical, and immunological characterization of recombinant Pfs230 domains. Rabbit antibodies generated against recombinant Pfs230 domains blocked mosquito transmission of a laboratory strain and two field isolates using an ex vivo assay. A planned clinical trial of the Pfs230 vaccine is a significant step toward the potential development of a transmission blocking vaccine to eliminate malaria.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Network: A Combinatorial Paradigm for Risk Prediction

Risk prediction for a particular disease in a population through SNP genotyping exploits tests whose primary goal is to rank the SNPs on the basis of their disease association. This manuscript reveals a different approach of predicting the risk through network representation by using combined genotypic data (instead of a single allele/haplotype). The aim of this study is to classify diseased group and prediction of disease risk by identifying the responsible genotype. Genotypic combination is chosen from five independent loci present on platelet receptor genes P2RY1 and P2RY12. Genotype-sets constructed from combinations of genotypes served as a network input, the network architecture constituting super-nodes (e.g., case and control) and nodes representing individuals, each individual is described by a set of genotypes containing M markers (M = number of SNP). The analysis becomes further enriched when we consider a set of networks derived from the parent network. By maintaining the super-nodes identical, each network is carrying an independent combination of M-1 markers taken from M markers. For each of the network, the ratio of case specific and control specific connections vary and the ratio of super-node specific connection shows variability. This method of network has also been applied in another case-control study which includes oral cancer, precancer and control individuals to check whether it improves presentation and interpretation of data. The analyses reveal a perfect segregation between super-nodes, only a fraction of mixed state being connected to both the super-nodes (i.e. common genotype set). This kind of approach is favorable for a population to classify whether an individual with a particular genotypic combination can be in a risk group to develop disease. In addition with that we can identify the most important polymorphism whose presence or absence in a population can make a large difference in the number of case and control individuals.
Research-Teaching Link in Higher Education Institutions of Ethiopia : the case of Jimma University

This study examines the status of research-teaching link in higher education institutions of Ethiopia by taking Jimma University as a case point. Cross sectional survey research design was employed for this study. Data were collected from sample instructors, department heads, and students through questionnaires and semi-structured interview. The results reveal that higher learning instructors are not involved in disciplinary research, they did not allocate time for research, the department and college environment is not facilitative to conduct research, except incorporating small scale assignments/review literature/ in their courses, instructor did not use different methods to link research with teaching such as involving students in their research, teaching research skills in each course and so on. Similarly, students had no experience of involvement in research except reading research papers or reports written by staff members. In addition, students and instructors have no pronounced opinion about the relationship between research and teaching. Students believe that staff involvement in research have both positive and negative impacts on students learning.