Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Authors' reply

that all patients were free to seek help for their mood problems. Patients may feel tired and low in mood but may not recognise this as depression, for which there are effective interventions available. Is it ethical to withhold information regarding the diagnosis from such patients? Will patients seek help if they are not told they have depression? Performing research can raise difficult ethical issues and I hope this letter will encourage some debate on this.
Open Source Licensing Across Package Dependencies

Licensing dependencies among open source software (oss) packages reveal a lot about software compatibility relationships and the practicalities of oss licensing. There is, however, limited information on these in the literature. In this paper, we discuss various aspects of oss licensing, and we present an empirical study on FreeBSD ports collections concerning their licensing dependencies, in an attempt to identify specific patterns. Our results highlight different types of dependencies, that could be used to explain, or even guide the license selection process of oss projects.
Non-Markov excursion set model of dark matter halo abundances

The excursion set model provides a convenient theoretical framework to derive dark matter halo abundances. This paper generalizes the model by introducing a more realistic merging and collapse process. A new parameter regulates the influence of the environment and thus the coherence (non-Markovianity) of the merging and the collapse of individual mass shells. The model mass function also includes the effects of an ellipsoidal collapse. Analytic approximations of the halo mass function are derived for scale-invariant power spectra with the slopes n = 0, −1, −2. The n = −2 mass function can be compared with the results obtained from the "Hubble volume" simulations. A significant detection of non-Markovian effects is found for an assumed accuracy of the simulated mass function of 10%.
Risk factors for incident neck and shoulder pain in hospital nurses

Aim: To assess the incidence and risk factors for neck and shoulder pain in nurses. Methods: A longitudinal study of neck and shoulder pain was carried out in female nurses at two hospitals in England. Personal and occupational risk factors were assessed at baseline. The self reported incidence of symptoms in the neck and shoulder region was ascertained at three-monthly intervals over two years. A Cox regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident neck/shoulder pain during follow up in nurses who had been pain free for at least one month at baseline. Results: The baseline response rate was 56%. Of 903 women who were pain free at baseline, 587 (65%) completed at least one follow up while still in the same job. During an average of 13 months, 34% of these (202 women) reported at least one episode of neck/shoulder pain. The strongest predictor of pain in the neck/shoulder was previous history of the symptom (HRs up to 3.3). For physical exposures at work, the highest risks (HRs up to 1.7) were associated with specific patient handling tasks that involved reaching, pushing, and pulling. Nurses who reported low mood or stress at baseline were more likely to develop neck/shoulder pain later (HR 1.5). Workplace psychosocial factors (including job demands, satisfaction, and control) were not associated with incident neck/shoulder symptoms. Conclusions: Neck/shoulder pain is common among hospital nurses, and patient handling tasks that involve reaching and pulling are the most important target for risk reduction strategies.
Analytical Modeling and Optimization of Small Solenoid Coils for Millimeter-Sized Biomedical Implants

The new trend towards minimally invasive millimeter-sized and free-floating distributed implants promises to enable emerging applications, such as chronic neural recording with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue. However, wireless power transmission (WPT) to these medical devices is quite challenging. The magnetic field produced by external transmitter (Tx) coils at the position of small implants can be considered homogeneous to separate the optimization of Tx and receiver (Rx) coils for efficient WPT. This paper focuses on the optimization of the solenoid-type Rx coils, which are suitable for this application. We have developed an analytical model of solenoid coils that includes the impact of tissue and coating around the coils, verified through simulations and measurements. Using the proposed model, under a given size restriction and a specific load, we find the optimal operating frequency and coil geometry to maximize a figure of merit (FoM) for the Rx that includes the loaded quality factor and its internal efficiency as well as a factor related to the coupling coefficient. For a millimeter-sized coil, the optimal operating frequency for the Rx and the number of turns are found to be 500 MHz and six, respectively, if the coil is closely wound using AWG36 copper wires. If the pitch is also optimized, then 700 MHz and four turns provide the best FoM for the solenoid Rx.
Adaptive co-training SVM for sentiment classification on tweets

Sentiment classification is an important problem in tweets mining. There lack labeled data and rating mechanism for generating them in Twitter service. And topics in Twitter are more diverse while sentiment classifiers always dedicate themselves to a specific domain or topic. Thus it is a challenge to make sentiment classification adaptive to diverse topics without sufficient labeled data. Therefore we formally propose an adaptive multiclass SVM model which transfers an initial common sentiment classifier to a topic-adaptive one. To tackle the tweet sparsity, non-text features are explored besides the conventional text features, which are intuitively split into two views. An iterative algorithm is proposed for solving this model by alternating among three steps: optimization, unlabeled data selection and adaptive feature expansion steps. The algorithm alternatively minimizes the margins of two independent objectives on different views to learn coefficient matrices, which are collaboratively used for unlabeled tweets selection from the topic that the algorithm is adapting to. And then topic-adaptive sentiment words are expended based on the above selection, in turn to help the first two steps find more confident and unlabeled tweets and boost the final performance. Comparing with the well-known supervised sentiment classifiers and semi-supervised approaches, our algorithm achieves promising increases in accuracy averagely on the 6 topics from public tweet corpus.
Advances in Quantitative Genetics Theory

Some issues in quantitative genetics theory, other than molecular genetic analysis and utilisation, are reviewed. These include the development of models and methods for the analysis of longitudinal data, i.e. records continued or repeated over time, such as daily milk yield within and across lactation. The problems of identifying a range of alternative models and testing their fit are discussed. Consideration is given to the trade-off between long and short term response, where particular progress has been made in developing algorithms to compute effective population size and to optimise design of breeding programs for long-term response. Much of this work, including the utilisation of mutations, has been concentrated on selection for improvement of purebreds, and similar issues in relation to improvement of crossbreds are considered.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Viral Infections among Children under Two Years Old in Southern Vietnam 2009-2010: Clinical Characteristics and Disease Severity

Background Despite a high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among children, data on demographic and clinical characteristics of RSV are scarce in low and middle income countries. This study aims to describe the viral etiologies, the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of children under two years of age who were hospitalized with a lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), focusing on RSV (prevalence, seasonality, subgroups, viral load) and its association with disease severity. Methods A prospective study among children under two years of age, hospitalized with LRTI was conducted in two referral pediatric hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from May 2009 to December 2010. Socio-demographic, clinical data and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on enrolment and discharge. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR (13 viruses) and quantitative RSV RT-PCR were used to identify viral pathogens, RSV load and subgroups. Results Among 632 cases, 48% were RSV positive. RSV infections occurred at younger age than three other leading viral infections i.e rhinovirus (RV), metapneumovirus (MPV), parainfluenza virus (PIV-3) and were significantly more frequent in the first 6 months of life. Clinical severity score of RSV infection was significantly higher than PIV-3 but not for RV or MPV. In multivariate analysis, RV infection was significantly associated with severity while RSV infection was not. Among RSV infections, neither viral load nor viral co-infections were significantly associated with severity. Young age and having fever at admission were significantly associated with both RSV and LRTI severity. A shift in RSV subgroup predominance was observed during two consecutive rainy seasons but was not associated with severity. Conclusion We report etiologies, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of LRTI among hospitalized children under two years of age and risk factors of RSV and LRTI severity.
Robust Covariance Matrix Estimation with Data-Dependent VAR Prewhitening Order

This paper analyzes the performance of heteroskedasticity-and-autocorrelation-consistent (HAC) covariance matrix estimators in which the residuals are prewhitened using a vector autoregressive (VAR) filter. We highlight the pitfalls of using an arbitrarily fixed lag order for the VAR filter, and we demonstrate the benefits of using a model selection criterion (either AIC or BIC) to determine its lag structure. Furthermore, once data-dependent VAR prewhitening has been utilized, we find negligible or even counter-productive effects of applying standard kernel-based methods to the prewhitened residuals; that is, the performance of the prewhitened kernel estimator is virtually indistinguishable from that of the VARHAC estimator.
Better testing through oracle selection: (NIER track)

In software testing, the test oracle determines if the application under test has performed an execution correctly. In current testing practice and research, significant effort and thought is placed on selecting test inputs, with the selection of test oracles largely neglected. Here, we argue that improvements to the testing process can be made by considering the problem of oracle selection. In particular, we argue that selecting the test oracle and test inputs together to complement one another may yield improvements testing effectiveness. We illustrate this using an example and present selected results from an ongoing study demonstrating the relationship between test suite selection, oracle selection, and fault finding.
Ontological Annotation with WordNet

Semantic Web applications require robust and accurate annotation tools that are capable of automating the assignment of ontological classes to words in naturally occurring text (ontological annotation). Most current ontologies do not include rich lexical databases and are therefore not easily integrated with word sense disambiguation algorithms that are needed to automate ontological annotation. WordNet provides a potentially ideal solution to this problem as it offers a highly structured lexical conceptual representation that has been extensively used to develop word sense disambiguation algorithms. However, WordNet has not been designed as an ontology, and while it can be easily turned into one, the result of doing this would present users with serious practical limitations due to the great number of concepts (synonym sets) it contains. Moreover, mapping WordNet to an existing ontology may be difficult and requires substantial labor. We propose to overcome these limitations by developing an analytical platform that (1) provides a WordNet-based ontology offering a manageable and yet comprehensive set of concept classes, (2) leverages the lexical richness of WordNet to give an extensive characterization of concept class in terms of lexical instances, and (3) integrates a class recognition algorithm that automates the assignment of concept classes to words in naturally occurring text. The ensuing framework makes available an ontological annotation platform that can be effectively integrated with intelligence analysis systems to facilitate evidence marshaling and sustain the creation and validation of inference models.
The crisis as a wake-up call. Do banks tighten lending standards during a financial crisis?

We examine whether the global financial crisis has prompted banks to tighten lending standards. By analyzing nearly 31,000 syndicated loans to private borrowers in 65 countries over the period 2005-2009, we find that banks not only cut lending during a crisis but also increase their screening and monitoring. Lending standards are tightened in particular for uncollateralized loans, loans to first-time borrowers, and financial-sector borrowers in developed countries. While in developed countries screening and monitoring increases less for loans to rated borrowers and for loans structured by well-known arrangers, we show that the attenuating impact of credit ratings and arranger reputation does not extend to emerging markets.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: expanding indications and technologies.

CONTEXT Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major challenge facing contemporary cardiology. For an increasing number of patients, the current standard of care for the treatment and prevention of SCD is the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Since its introduction, there have been numerous advances in ICD technology, and indications for its use have expanded greatly in the past year. OBJECTIVE To highlight the evolving indications for and the numerous advances in ICD technology, with emphasis on primary and secondary prophylaxis of SCD. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Electronic literature search of the Pubmed and MEDLINE databases from January 1996 to July 2005, using the Medical Subject Heading implantable defibrillator. Abstracts and titles were reviewed to identify English-language randomized controlled trials that included an ICD group and a non-ICD group and that had end points of all-cause mortality, cardiac death, and/or arrhythmic mortality as the main outcome. A further MEDLINE search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with a CRT and a non-CRT group (including both mortality and other end points). Other studies were included that clarify aspects of device function and other relevant issues. A total of 22 trials were identified. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS ICD implantation improves survival in patients with a history of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. More recent evidence shows that ICD implantation also improves survival as primary prophylaxis against SCD in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias, including those with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35% or less and New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure and those with a history of myocardial infarction and LVEF of 30% or less. Cardiac resynchronization improves symptoms, quality of life, and survival for patients with advanced heart failure and intraventricular conduction delays and ventricular dyssynchrony. CONCLUSIONS ICDs have been shown to improve survival as both primary and secondary prophylaxis in an expanding population of patients. Ongoing ICD research may continue to delineate groups with survival benefit from ICDs, and the use and indications of these devices in clinical practice will continue to expand.
Design Efficiency for Non-Market Valuation with Choice Modelling: How to Measure it, What to Report and Why

We review the basic principles for the evaluation of design efficiency in discrete choice modelling with a focus on efficiency of WTP estimates from the multinomial logit model. The discussion is developed under the realistic assumption that researchers can plausibly define a prior belief on the range of values for the utility coefficients. D-, A-, B-, S- and C-errors are compared as measures of design performance in applied studies and their rationale is discussed. An empirical example based on the generation and comparison of fifteen separate designs from a common set of assumptions illustrates the relevant considerations to the context of non-market valuation, with particular emphasis placed on C-efficiency. Conclusions are drawn for the practice of reporting in non-market valuation and for future work on design research.
Gravity Waves and Linear Inflation from Axion Monodromy

Wrapped branes in string compactifications introduce a monodromy that extends the field range of individual closed-string axions to beyond the Planck scale. Furthermore, approximate shift symmetries of the system naturally control corrections to the axion potential. This suggests a general mechanism for chaotic inflation driven by monodromy-extended closed-string axions. We systematically analyze this possibility and show that the mechanism is compatible with moduli stabilization and can be realized in many types of compactifications, including warped Calabi-Yau manifolds and more general Ricci-curved spaces. In this broad class of models, the potential is linear in the canonical inflaton field, predicting a tensor to scalar ratio r{approx_equal}0.07 accessible to upcoming cosmic microwave background observations.
Relationship based social work practice: the case for considering the centrality of humour in creating and maintaining relationships

Relationship based social work practice has received increasing attention in recent years. The use of humour has infrequently been considered in relation to social work, and humour use is a neglected aspect in examining relationships in social work. As humour conveys humanity, is grounded in our earliest attachments and in the management of emotions, the purpose of this paper is to consider how humour operates in social work relationships. Importantly humour can help facilitate relationships with service users, and become a tool to help service users, social workers and their colleagues establish relationships.
Asymptotic Behavior of Thermal Non-Equilibrium SteadyStates for a Driven Chain of

We consider a model of heat conduction introduced in 6], which consists of a nite nonlinear chain coupled to two heat reservoirs at diierent temperatures. We study the low temperature asymptotic behavior of the invariant measure. We show that, in this limit, the invariant measure is characterized by a variational principle. We relate the heat ow to the variational principle. The main technical ingredient is an extension of Freidlin-Wentzell theory to a class of degenerate diiusions.
Graph-Regularized Saliency Detection With Convex-Hull-Based Center Prior

Object level saliency detection is useful for many content-based computer vision tasks. In this letter, we present a novel bottom-up salient object detection approach by exploiting contrast, center and smoothness priors. First, we compute an initial saliency map using contrast and center priors. Unlike most existing center prior based methods, we apply the convex hull of interest points to estimate the center of the salient object rather than directly use the image center. This strategy makes the saliency result more robust to the location of objects. Second, we refine the initial saliency map through minimizing a continuous pairwise saliency energy function with graph regularization which encourages adjacent pixels or segments to take the similar saliency value (i.e., smoothness prior). The smoothness prior enables the proposed method to uniformly highlight the salient object and simultaneously suppress the background effectively. Extensive experiments on a large dataset demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Odorant Feature Detection: Activity Mapping of Structure Response Relationships in the Zebrafish Olfactory Bulb

The structural determinants of an odor molecule necessary and/or sufficient for interaction with the cognate olfactory receptor(s) are not known. Olfactory receptor neurons expressing the same olfactory receptor converge in the olfactory bulb. Thus, optical imaging of neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb can visualize at once the contributions by all the different olfactory receptors responsive to a particular odorant. We have used this technique to derive estimates about the structural requirements and minimal number of different zebrafish olfactory receptors that respond to a series of naturally occurring amino acids and some structurally related compounds. We report that the α-carboxyl group, the α-amino group, andl-conformation of the amino acid are all required for activation of amino acid-responsive receptors. Increasing carbon chain length recruits successively more receptors. With increasing concentrations, the activity patterns induced by a homolog series of amino acids became more similar to each other. At intermediate concentrations patterns were unique across substances and across concentrations. The introduction of a terminal amino group (charged) both recruits additional receptors and prevents binding to some of the receptors that were responsive to the unsubstituted analog. In contrast, the introduction of a β-hydroxyl group (polar) excluded the odorants from some of the receptors that are capable of binding the unsubstituted analog. Cross-adaptation experiments independently confirmed these results. Thus, odorant detection requires several different receptors even for relatively simple odorants such as amino acids, and individual receptors require the presence of some molecular features, the absence of others, and tolerate still other molecular features.
Optimal learning of P-Layer additive F0 models with cross-validation

In this paper, we present the derivation of the backfitting training algorithms for generic p-layer additive F0 models for arbitrary positive integer p. We have presented the special cases of the algorithms with p = 2 and p = 3 that have been successfully applied to the modelings of Japanese and English F0 contours, whereas the derivation of the algorithm was presented only for the two-layer case. The additive F0 model have smoothing parameters that establish a trade-off between the fit to the training data and the smoothness of the fitted curves, which have been all set to unity in the previous works. In this paper, we also present an optimal approach to set the values of these parameters using cross validation. We performed the training using the Boston University Radio News Corpus and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A clinical study of the efficacy of topical corticosteroids on dry eye

Objective: To evaluate the effect of topical corticosteroid for treatment of moderate or severe dry eye. Methods: Sixty eyes of 30 patients with moderate or severe dry eye, who were not sensitive to artificial tears, were treated with 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops. Subjective symptom and objective tests were used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment before and after application of 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops for 1 week and 1 month. Side effects were also evaluated. Results: After 1 week of treatment, subjective symptoms were improved in all dry eye patients; objective tests were improved in all dry eye patients 1 month after treatment, and the difference was significant. Conclusion: Topical corticosteroid drops can rapidly and effectively relieve the symptoms and signs of moderate or severe dry eye.