Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How our body influences our perception of the world

Incorporating the fact that the senses are embodied is necessary for an organism to interpret sensory information. Before a unified perception of the world can be formed, sensory signals must be processed with reference to body representation. The various attributes of the body such as shape, proportion, posture, and movement can be both derived from the various sensory systems and can affect perception of the world (including the body itself). In this review we examine the relationships between sensory and motor information, body representations, and perceptions of the world and the body. We provide several examples of how the body affects perception (including but not limited to body perception). First we show that body orientation effects visual distance perception and object orientation. Also, visual-auditory crossmodal-correspondences depend on the orientation of the body: audio “high” frequencies correspond to a visual “up” defined by both gravity and body coordinates. Next, we show that perceived locations of touch is affected by the orientation of the head and eyes on the body, suggesting a visual component to coding body locations. Additionally, the reference-frame used for coding touch locations seems to depend on whether gaze is static or moved relative to the body during the tactile task. The perceived attributes of the body such as body size, affect tactile perception even at the level of detection thresholds and two-point discrimination. Next, long-range tactile masking provides clues to the posture of the body in a canonical body schema. Finally, ownership of seen body parts depends on the orientation and perspective of the body part in view. Together, all of these findings demonstrate how sensory and motor information, body representations, and perceptions (of the body and the world) are interdependent.
The Effects of Family Functions on Anxiety of SBMPTN Participants

SBMPTN is a selection of new student admissions at State Universities in Indonesia through written tests or a combination of written test results and skills tests. SBMPTN is an arena that causes anxiety for many participants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family function on anxiety in SBMPTN exam participants. The sample for this study were 75 alumni of Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah who would take the 2018 SBMPTN exam in Malang. The measurement in this study used the Family Function scale and the Anxiety Approach scale. Data analysis used a regression analysis. The results of the study found that family functions had a significant negative influence on anxiety in the SBMPTN exam participants. This means that the better the family function in the family will reduce the anxiety of the SBMPTN exam participants.
O VI Observations of Galaxy Clusters: Evidence for Modest Cooling Flows

A prediction of the galaxy-cluster cooling flow model is that as gas cools from the ambient cluster temperature, emission lines are produced in gas at subsequently decreasing temperatures. Gas passing through 105.5 K emits in the lines of O VI λλ1032, 1035, and here we report a FUSE study of these lines in three cooling flow clusters, Abell 426, Abell 1795, and AWM 7. No emission was detected from AWM 7, but O VI is detected from the centers of Abell 426 and Abell 1795, and possibly to the south of the center in Abell 1795, where X-ray and optical emission line filaments lie. In Abell 426 these line luminosities imply a cooling rate of 32 ± 6 M☉ yr-1 within the central r = 6.2 kpc region, while for Abell 1795 the central cooling rate is 26 ± 7 M☉ yr-1 (within r = 22 kpc), and about 42 ± 9 M☉ yr-1 including the southern pointing. Including other studies, three of six clusters have O VI emission, and they also have star formation as well as emission lines from 104 K gas. These observations are generally consistent with the cooling flow model, but at a rate closer to 30 M☉ yr-1 than to the originally suggested values of 102-10 3 M☉ yr-1.
Dysregulation within the Prefronto-Parietal Background-Monitoring Network in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia patients have difficulties in focusing their attention, when distracting information must be ignored. Although it is adaptive in some situations to monitor the background for potentially relevant changes to a certain degree, voluntary attentional processes seem to be more severely disrupted by distracting information in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. Reorienting processes associated with the detection of potentially relevant information outside the current focus of attention have previously shown to activate a bilateral prefronto-parietal network. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether this network is dysregulated in schizophrenia patients using fMRI during the performance in a combined oddball-incongruence task, in which relevant processing must be shielded from distracting irrelevant salient or conflicting information. During the occurrence of both oddballs and incongruence patients exhibited an increased activation of the intraparietal cortex—a saliency sensitive part of the prefronto-parietal network associated with background-monitoring. As this hyperactivation was accompanied by an increased activation in the dopaminergic midbrain, the results of our study link the finding of a hyperactive salience sensitive cortical region to the finding of the hyperdopaminergic state in schizophrenia, supporting the predominant view of psychosis as a state of aberrant salience.
Social presence and communication quality in videoconferencing

Three-dimensional videoconferencing tools are thought to be less artificial than conventional videoconferencing tools and therefore have the potential to support more complex business tasks. Social Presence serves as a measure of the naturalness of communication. However, a communications media that supports high Social Presence does riot imply that the communication process within the media is of a high quality. This research evaluates Social Presence within two videoconferencing setups, a traditional 'two-dimensional' interface and a newly emerging 'threedimensional' virtual one. An initial study compares these with a face-toface setup using two existing Social Presence measures and finds one to be sensitive enough to find variations in the Social Presence levels emitted This questionnaire is used in a second study along with items constructed from an extensive literature review to explore communication quality within each interface. A significant difference in the supported Social Presence was found. Initial thoughts on communication quality are also discussed.
The Effects of Sex and Chronic Restraint on Instrumental Learning in Rats

Chronic stress has been shown to impact learning, but studies have been sparse or nonexistent examining sex or task differences. We examined the effects of sex and chronic stress on instrumental learning in adult rats. Rats were tested in an aversive paradigm with or without prior appetitive experience, and daily body weight data was collected as an index of stress. Relative to control animals, reduced body weight was maintained across the stress period for males (−7%, P ≤ .05) and females (−5%, P ≤ .05). For males, there were within-subject day-by-day differences after asymptotic transition, and all restrained males were delayed in reaching asymptotic performance. In contrast, stressed females were facilitated in appetitive and aversive-only instrumental learning but impaired during acquisition of the aversive transfer task. Males were faster than females in reaching the appetitive shaping criterion, but females were more efficient in reaching the appetitive tone-signaled criterion. Finally, an effect of task showed that while females reached aversive shaping criterion at a faster rate when they had prior appetitive learning, they were impaired in tone-signaled avoidance learning only when they had prior appetitive learning. These tasks reveal important nuances on the effect of stress and sex differences on goal-directed behavior.
Comparison of soil moisture fields estimated by catchment modelling and remote sensing: a case study in South Africa

Abstract. The paper compares two independent approaches to estimate soil moisture at the regional scale over a 4625 km2 catchment (Liebenbergsvlei, South Africa). The first estimate is derived from a physically-based hydrological model (TOPKAPI). The second estimate is derived from the scatterometer on board the European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS). Results show a good correspondence between the modelled and remotely sensed soil moisture, particularly with respect to the soil moisture dynamic, illustrated over two selected seasons of 8 months, yielding regression R2 coefficients lying between 0.68 and 0.92. Such a close similarity between these two different, independent approaches is very promising for (i) remote sensing in general (ii) the use of hydrological models to back-calculate and disaggregate the satellite soil moisture estimate and (iii) for hydrological models to assimilate the remotely sensed soil moisture.
A NEW ADAPTIVE FUZZY MODEL AND OUTPUT TERMINAL CONSTRAINTS IN PREDICTIVE CONTROL

This paper investigates the application of fuzzy model and generalised predictive control strategy for the construction of a model-based predictive fuzzy controller for non-linear processes. In this method a GPC controller is used with the Takagi Sugeno Kang (TSK) piece-wise fuzzy modeling approach in an adaptive strategy. The developed method is applied to control a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system. Key Words, fuzzy model, direct adaptive, non-linear, predictive control
A 0.6 volt class-AB CMOS voltage follower with bulk-driven quasi-floating gate super source follower

This paper presents a design of 0.6 V class-AB voltage follower (VF) using 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The follower is developed based on the super source follower (SSF) using bulk-driven and quasi-floating gate (QFG) techniques. The proposed VF can operate at low voltage without DC level shift between the input and output terminals. The simulation results show the total harmonic of 0.3 % for an input/output voltage of 0.18 Vpp at 100 kHz (RL//CL=5 kΩ//100 pF). The power dissipation is found to be 38 μW.
MASKING INTERFERENCE AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN THE AMAZONIAN DENDROBATID FROG ALLOBATES FEMORALIS

Abstract The efficacy of communication relies on detection of species-specific signals against the background noise. Features affecting signal detection are thus expected to evolve under selective pressures represented by masking noise. Spectral partitioning between the auditory signals of co-occurring species has been interpreted as the outcome of the selective effects of masking interference. However, masking interference depends not only on signal's frequency but on receiver's range of frequency sensitivity; moreover, selection on signal frequency can be confounded by selection on body size, because these traits are often correlated. To know whether geographic variation in communication traits agrees with predictions about masking interference effects, we tested the hypothesis that variation in the male-male communication system of the Amazonian frog, Allobates femoralis, is correlated with the occurrence of a single species calling within an overlapping frequency range, Epipedobates trivittatus. We studied frogs at eight sites, four where both species co-occur and four where A. femoralis occurs but E. trivittatus does not. To study the sender component of the communication system of A. femoralis and to describe the use of the spectral range, we analyzed the signal's spectral features of all coactive species at each site. To study the receiver component, we derived frequency-response curves from playback experiments conducted on territorial males of A. femoralis under natural conditions. Most geographic variation in studied traits was correlated with either call frequency or with response frequency range. The occurrence of E. trivittatus significantly predicted narrower and asymmetric frequency-response curves in A. femoralis, without concomitant differences in the call or in body size. The number of acoustically coactive species did not significantly predict variation in any of the studied traits. Our results strongly support that the receiver but not the sender component of the communication system changed due to masking interference by a single species.
Generalized Centers of Finite Sets in Banach Spaces

We study mainly the class (GC) of all real Banach spaces X such that the set E f (a) of the minimizers of the function X 3 x 7 ! f(kx ? a 1 k;: : : ; kx ? a N k) is nonempty whenever N is a positive integer, a 2 X N , and f is a continuous monotone coercive function on 0;+1 N. For particular choices of f, the set E f (a) coincides with the set of Chebyshev centers of the set fa i : i = 1;: :: ; Ng or with the set of its medians. The class (GC) is stable under making c 0-, ` p-and similar sums. Under some geometric conditions on X, the function spaces C b (T;X) or L p (; X) belong to (GC). One of the main tools is a theorem which asserts that, in the deenition of the class (GC), one can restrict himself to the functions f of the type f(1
Electrical switching of an antiferromagnet

Manipulating a stubborn magnet Spintronics is an alternative to conventional electronics, based on using the electron's spin rather than its charge. Spintronic devices, such as magnetic memory, have traditionally used ferromagnetic materials to encode the 1's and 0's of the binary code. A weakness of this approach—that strong magnetic fields can erase the encoded information—could be avoided by using antiferromagnets instead of ferromagnets. But manipulating the magnetic ordering of antiferromagnets is tricky. Now, Wadley et al. have found a way (see the Perspective by Marrows). Running currents along specific directions in the thin films of the antiferromagnetic compound CuMnAs reoriented the magnetic domains in the material. Science, this issue p. 587; see also p. 558 Transport and optical measurements are used to demonstrate the switching of domains in the antiferromagnetic compound CuMnAs. [Also see Perspective by Marrows] Antiferromagnets are hard to control by external magnetic fields because of the alternating directions of magnetic moments on individual atoms and the resulting zero net magnetization. However, relativistic quantum mechanics allows for generating current-induced internal fields whose sign alternates with the periodicity of the antiferromagnetic lattice. Using these fields, which couple strongly to the antiferromagnetic order, we demonstrate room-temperature electrical switching between stable configurations in antiferromagnetic CuMnAs thin-film devices by applied current with magnitudes of order 106 ampere per square centimeter. Electrical writing is combined in our solid-state memory with electrical readout and the stored magnetic state is insensitive to and produces no external magnetic field perturbations, which illustrates the unique merits of antiferromagnets for spintronics.
Discovery of Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Atoll X-Ray Binary 4U 1705–44

In observations with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, we have discovered quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) near 1 kHz from 4U 1705-44, a low-mass X-ray binary with a neutron star classified as an atoll source. In six separate observations, we detect one QPO with a frequency ranging between 770 and 870 Hz and a 4% rms fraction in the full detector energy band. There is evidence for a second QPO at 1073 Hz in one interval. The separation in frequency of the two QPOs is 298±11 Hz. The QPOs are present only in observations where the mass accretion rate is inferred to be at an intermediate level, based on the atoll source phenomenology. At the highest accretion rates, the QPOs are not detected with upper limits to the rms fraction of about 2%. At the lowest accretion rates, the upper limits are about 4%. The QPO frequency increases with inferred mass accretion rate. This is expected in models where the QPO frequency is generated by motion at an inner edge of the accretion disk. An increased mass accretion rate causes the disk edge to move in, increasing the orbital frequency. Five type I X-ray bursts are observed with no detectable oscillations.
Transformation of ENSO‐related rainwater to dripwater δ18O variability by vadose water mixing

Speleothem oxygen isotopes (δ18O) are often used to reconstruct past rainfall δ18O variability, and thereby hydroclimate changes, in many regions of the world. However, poor constraints on the karst hydrological processes that transform rainfall signals into cave dripwater add significant uncertainty to interpretations of speleothem‐based reconstructions. Here we present several 6.5 year, biweekly dripwater δ18O time series from northern Borneo and compare them to local rainfall δ18O variability. We demonstrate that vadose water mixing is the primary rainfall‐to‐dripwater transformation process at our site, where dripwater δ18O reflects amount‐weighted rainfall δ18O integrated over the previous 3–10 months. We document large interannual dripwater δ18O variability related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with amplitudes inversely correlated to dripwater residence times. According to a simple stalagmite forward model, asymmetrical ENSO extremes produce significant offsets in stalagmite δ18O time series given different dripwater residence times. Our study highlights the utility of generating multiyear, paired time series of rainfall and dripwater δ18O to aid interpretations of stalagmite δ18O reconstructions.
The place of thoracic abdominal ultrasound influencing survival of patients in traumatic cardiac arrest imminence

Severe trauma has become the most frequent cause of death in industrialized countries and, for this reason, the fastness of a diagnostic approach and the precocity of the proper treatment are both essential and best influenced by the trauma team collaboration and the existence of a specific algorithm in which each specialist has a definite place and role. In the first stage time of a proposed specific algorithm, the vital stage, which covers the primary survey, the trauma team has not more than 5 min. (ideally) to complete airway, breathing, circulation lesions with vital potential. The ultrasound exam is placed in this stage, which is nothing more than a completion of the primary survey maneuvers, which are exclusively clinical. Two groups of patients were compared in our study; one which was named A, represented by severe traumatized patients admitted between January 2003 and December 2006 and the other one which was named B, with severe traumatized patients admitted between January 2007 and December 2012. The second group was treated by using the modified algorithm. Although the differences were not statistically significant because of the small number of survivors, the modified algorithm was evidently superior in patients with and without cardiac arrest. If we take into account that 48 of the 261 patients survived a cardiac arrest event (although only 9 of them were discharged), the advantages of this type of algorithm are even more obvious. In lot A, 21 patients survived a cardiac arrest, of whom only 4 were discharged. Performing an ultrasound examination during the first step of the algorithm used in the study is essential regardless of trauma causes, particularly hypovolemia. For both groups of patients with and without cardiac arrest, the percentage of patients who received ultrasound increased in the group that received a modified algorithm.
An ERP Investigation on Visuotactile Interactions in Peripersonal and Extrapersonal Space: Evidence for the Spatial Rule

The spatial rule of multisensory integration holds that cross-modal stimuli presented from the same spatial location result in enhanced multisensory integration. The present study investigated whether processing within the somatosensory cortex reflects the strength of cross-modal visuotactile interactions depending on the spatial relationship between visual and tactile stimuli. Visual stimuli were task-irrelevant and were presented simultaneously with touch in peripersonal and extrapersonal space, in the same or opposite hemispace with respect to the tactile stimuli. Participants directed their attention to one of their hands to detect infrequent tactile target stimuli at that hand while ignoring tactile targets at the unattended hand, all tactile nontarget stimuli, and any visual stimuli. Enhancement of ERPs recorded over and close to the somatosensory cortex was present as early as 100 msec after onset of stimuli (i.e., overlapping with the P100 component) when visual stimuli were presented next to the site of tactile stimulation (i.e., perihand space) compared to when these were presented at different locations in peripersonal or extrapersonal space. Therefore, this study provides electrophysiological support for the spatial rule of visual–tactile interaction in human participants. Importantly, these early cross-modal spatial effects occurred regardless of the locus of attention. In addition, and in line with previous research, we found attentional modulations of somatosensory processing only to be present in the time range of the N140 component and for longer latencies with an enhanced negativity for tactile stimuli at attended compared to unattended locations. Taken together, the pattern of the results from this study suggests that visuotactile spatial effects on somatosensory processing occur prior and independent of tactile–spatial attention.
A Longitudinal Study of Market and Firm Level Factors Influencing ERP Systems Adoption and Post-Implementation System Enhancement Options

We examine whether firms‘ investments in ERPS, including the initial adoption decision and subsequent system enhancements are consistent with economic determinants and a real options perspective. We model ERPS adoption and subsequent enhancements (in the form of upgrades or add-ons) as two separate but related decisions on the exercise of real options in a continuous implementation process. We find that ERPS adopting firms are more likely to operate in highly concentrated industries, be industry leaders, and have lower investment opportunities and higher free cash flows than non-adopters. The findings are consistent with a real options lens suggesting that the adoption of ERPS spawns growth options by creating barriers of entry, enhancing competitiveness, and providing the flexibility needed to adapt to new opportunities. In contrast, subsequent system enhancement decisions are affected by how quickly companies begin to reap the benefits they sought to accomplish in the initial ERPS adoption and by the use of high-quality post-implementation activities (as posited by Nicolaou 2004a and examined in Nicolaou and Bhattacharya 2008) that relate to project planning, strategy, and process integration. These findings suggest that the implementation and use of ERPS may enable flexibility and organizational capabilities which, in turn, allow management to optimally reconfigure the investment in ERPS by exercising operational options to enhance the system in the post-implementation period. Overall, our evidence is consistent with the adopted real options theory lens and suggests that firms should embed real options value in ERPS investments.
Impact of Public Policies on Poverty, Income Distribution and Growth

Given the still daunting issue of the worldwide spread of poverty with almost 50% of the population of the globe living with less than $2 a day and the lively debate over the possibility of reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) emanating from the 2000 United Nations Millennium declaration and aiming at, among other things, reducing poverty levels by 2015 at half the levels of the base year 1990, it is very legitimate to address the issue of whether public policies are at all efficient in alleviating poverty and improving social outcomes.