Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards real-time intrusion detection for NetFlow and IPFIX

DDoS attacks bring serious economic and technical damage to networks and enterprises. Timely detection and mitigation are therefore of great importance. However, when flow monitoring systems are used for intrusion detection, as it is often the case in campus, enterprise and backbone networks, timely data analysis is constrained by the architecture of NetFlow and IPFIX. In their current architecture, the analysis is performed after certain timeouts, which generally delays the intrusion detection for several minutes. This paper presents a functional extension for both NetFlow and IPFIX flow exporters, to allow for timely intrusion detection and mitigation of large flooding attacks. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we integrate a lightweight intrusion detection module into a flow exporter, which moves detection closer to the traffic observation point. Second, our approach mitigates attacks in near real-time by instructing firewalls to filter malicious traffic. Third, we filter flow data of malicious traffic to prevent flow collectors from overload. We validate our approach by means of a prototype that has been deployed on a backbone link of the Czech national research and education network CESNET.
Comorbidity and Inflammatory Markers May Contribute to Predict Mortality of High-Risk Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation

Background Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes not only an accelerated disease progression, but also an increased mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with clinical features, comorbidities and mortality in patients at high risk for acute COPD exacerbation who had been hospitalized at least once in a year. Methods The study enrolled 606 patients who had been diagnosed with and were being treated for COPD at university affiliated hospital. Among them, there were 61 patients at high risk for acute exacerbation of COPD who had been hospitalized at least once in a year. A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the factors affecting mortality. The analysis divided the patients into non-survivor and survivor groups, and reviewed their medical records for clinical aspects, comorbidities, pulmonary function tests and blood tests. Results In the high-risk group, the number of comorbidities at diagnosis (P = 0.020) and the Charlson comorbidity index value (P = 0.018) were higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. During hospitalization, the non-survivor group had a significantly higher neutrophil (%) and a significantly lower lymphocyte (%) in complete blood count. Under stable conditions, the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration in blood plasma and neutrophil (%) were significantly higher (P = 0.025 and P = 0.036), while the lymphocyte (%) was significantly lower (P = 0.005) in the non-survivor group. A pulmonary function test revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion The number of comorbidities, neutrophil (%), lymphocyte (%) in complete blood cell (CBC) and hsCRP in blood plasma concentration among the groups at high risk for COPD exacerbation are associated with increased mortality.
Correlation between the result efficiency indexes and success in table tennis

For a player’s situational performance analysis, the basic and most utilitarian indicator of game quality is simply the achieved result on a particular sports competition. The basic aim of this research study is to find to what extent the indexes and variables directly derived from the results of individual table tennis games can predict the indexes that are described by the final result of an individual in a larger number of individual table tennis games. The research involved an analysis of an intentional sample of 914 table tennis players competing in various recreational table tennis leagues in SOKAZ during 2006. The predictive value of the indicators used has been determined, for the prognosis of direct indicators of success. Results have shown that correlations between individual variables of a table tennis competitor’s efficiency are statistically significant, just as correlations between indexes of a table tennis competitor’s efficiency. Positive and significant correlations were found between all the direct and indirect indicators of a player’s efficacy. The correlation between individual variables and indexes of a table tennis competitor’s efficiency, with the total efficacy index, is statistically significant and mostly positive. Indexes and variables directly derived from the results can, to a statistically significant degree, predict indexes and variables of final competition success: game index, set index, games won and sets won.
A Simple Homotopy Algorithm for Compressive Sensing

In this paper, we consider the problem of recovering the s largest elements of an arbitrary vector from noisy measurements. Inspired by previous work, we develop an homotopy algorithm which solves the l1-regularized least square problem for a sequence of decreasing values of the regularization parameter. Compared to the previous method, our algorithm is more efficient in the sense it only updates the solution once for each intermediate problem, and more practical in the sense it has a simple stopping criterion by checking the sparsity of the intermediate solution. Theoretical analysis reveals that our method enjoys a linear convergence rate in reducing the recovery error. Furthermore, our guarantee for recovering the top s elements of the target vector is tighter than previous results, and that for recovering the target vector itself matches the state of the art in compressive sensing.
Stress, Coping, Burnout Job Satisfaction and General Health among Members of An Garda Síochana

The aim of this study was to examine if age, gender stress and coping correlated with general health, burnout and job satisfaction. The Method used was a cross-sectional correlational design. A relevant selection of questions from the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire, the Organisational Police Stress Questionnaire, two specific Job Satisfaction questions, the brief cope survey, Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire were used to measure the variables. Participants were all full time members of An Garda Síochana with the rank of Garda. Gardaí were asked to fill in the questionnaires and to disclose their gender and age. Multiple regression tests were carried out on the significant correlations. The analyses showed that there were significant relationships between sex and job satisfaction, operational stress and depersonalisation, age and personal achievement, sex and emotional exhaustion and operational stress and general health. There were however other predictor variables which influenced these relationships. 5 STRESS, JOB SATISFACTION, COPING, BURNOUT AND GENERAL HEALTH: AN GARDA SIOCHANA
Birth Weight, Maternal Body Mass Index, and Early Childhood Growth: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in China

Background The relations of birth weight and maternal body mass index (BMI) to overweight remain unresolved. We prospectively examined the relations of birth weight with various anthropometric measures at age 3 to 6 years, the effect of maternal BMI, and the patterns of these relations in an analysis using 9 birth weight categories. Methods The subjects were 210 172 singleton infants born alive with a gestational age ≥28 weeks between October 1993 and December 1996; the subjects were followed up in 2000. Birth weight, maternal height and weight, and other relevant information were measured or collected prospectively. Overweight and underweight were defined by using National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization reference data. Logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risks. Analyses stratified by quartile of maternal BMI were performed to examine the effects of maternal BMI on the associations of birth weight with overweight and underweight. Results Birth weight was linearly associated with height, weight, and BMI at age 3–6 years. Adjustment for maternal BMI did not alter this association. Birth weight was positively associated with overweight and negatively associated with underweight. The relation curves for both overweight and underweight resembled half of a flat parabolic curve. The associations for overweight and underweight were slightly stronger for the highest and lowest quartiles of maternal BMI, respectively. Conclusions Higher birth weight is associated with an increased risk for childhood overweight, and lower birth weight with an increased risk for underweight. The associations between birth weight and early childhood anthropometric growth measures could not explained by maternal BMI.
Event Role Extraction using Domain-Relevant Word Representations

The efficiency of Information Extraction systems is known to be heavily influenced by domain-specific knowledge but the cost of developing such systems is considerably high. In this article, we consider the problem of event extraction and show that learning word representations from unlabeled domain-specific data and using them for representing event roles enable to outperform previous state-of-the-art event extraction models on the MUC-4 data set.
Microfabricated Physical Spatial Gradients for Investigating Cell Migration and Invasion Dynamics

We devise a novel assay that introduces micro-architectures into highly confining microchannels to probe the decision making processes of migrating cells. The conditions are meant to mimic the tight spaces in the physiological environment that cancer cells encounter during metastasis within the matrix dense stroma and during intravasation and extravasation through the vascular wall. In this study we use the assay to investigate the relative probabilities of a cell 1) permeating and 2) repolarizing (turning around) when it migrates into a spatially confining region. We observe the existence of both states even within a single cell line, indicating phenotypic heterogeneity in cell migration invasiveness and persistence. We also show that varying the spatial gradient of the taper can induce behavioral changes in cells, and different cell types respond differently to spatial changes. Particularly, for bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), higher spatial gradients induce more cells to permeate (60%) than lower gradients (12%). Furthermore, highly metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) demonstrate a more invasive and permeative nature (87%) than non-metastatic breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) (25%). We examine the migration dynamics of cells in the tapered region and derive characteristic constants that quantify this transition process. Our data indicate that cell response to physical spatial gradients is both cell-type specific and heterogeneous within a cell population, analogous to the behaviors reported to occur during tumor progression. Incorporation of micro-architectures in confined channels enables the probing of migration behaviors specific to defined geometries that mimic in vivo microenvironments.
Effects of Data-Link Modality and Display Redundancy on Pilot Performance: An Attentional Perspective

The effectiveness of three different data link interfaces, involving auditory, visual, and redundant presentation of Air Traffic Control (ATC) information, was evaluated in a single pilot general aviation simulator. Fifteen certified flight instructor pilots flew a Frasca flight simulator with full visual display of the outside world, through a series of ATC-instructed maneuvers, while scanning outside for traffic. ATC instructions, of various lengths, were delivered through a text based data link display, through synthesized voice (similar to the current system), or through a redundant voice-text format. Pilots read back the instructions and then complied with whatever maneuver was instructed, while monitoring for traffic. Visual scanning was measured. The results revealed that the visual display provided greatest accuracy of communications readback, and was least disruptive of both traffic monitoring and flight path tracking. The auditory-only condition was most disruptive of these tasks, in part because the pilot's visual attention was drawn into the cockpit for longer periods while note taking, when compared with the visual text display. The redundant display condition provided many of the same benefits as the visual-only display, but was not associated with better performance than that display, and was sometimes inferior to it. This resulted, in part, because the arrival of the discrete auditory communications appeared to disrupt performance of the ongoing visual flight task. Across all conditions, the pilots allocated approximately 60% of their visual attention to monitoring the instrument panel and their communications accuracy was degraded by the longer ATC instructions. The results are interpreted in terms of mechanisms of attention and working memory in information processing, and in terms of the pilot's task priority hierarchy.
The Size Function of Galaxy Disks out to z ~ 1 from the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope Legacy Survey

The formation and growth of galaxy disks over cosmic time is crucial to our understanding of galaxy formation. Despite steady improvements in the size and quality of disk samples over the last decade, many aspects of galaxy disk evolution remain unclear. Using 2 deg2 of deep, wide-field i′-band imaging from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS), we compute size functions for 6000 disks from z = 0.2 to z = 1 and explore luminosity and number density evolution scenarios with an emphasis on the importance of selection effects on the interpretation of the data. We also compute the size function of a very large sample of disks from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to use as a local (z≃ 0.1) comparison. CFHTLS size functions computed with the same fixed luminosity-size selection window at all redshifts exhibit evolution that appears to be best modeled by a pure number density evolution. The z = 0.3 size function is an excellent match to the z = 0.9 one if disks at the highest redshift are a factor of 2.5 more abundant than in the local universe. The SDSS size function would also match the z = 0.9 CFHTLS size function very well with a similar change in number density. On the other hand, the CFHTLS size functions computed with a varying luminosity-size selection window with redshift remain constant if the selection window is shifted by 1.0-1.5 mag toward fainter magnitudes with decreasing redshift. There is a weak dependence on disk scale length with smaller (h≲ 4 kpc) disks requiring more luminosity evolution than larger ones. Given that changes in number density are primarily due to mergers and that current estimates of merger rates below z = 1 are low, luminosity evolution appears to be a more plausible scenario to explain the observations.
Examining Intrinsic Motivation and Holistic Functioning: The Role of Therapeutic Recreation in Residential Substance Use Treatment

Examining Intrinsic Motivation and Holistic Functioning: The Role of Therapeutic Recreation in Residential Substance Use Treatment Damien Christopher Cavanaugh Department of Recreation, BYU Master of Science This evaluative study examined the impact of recreational therapy interventions on intrinsic motivation and holistic functioning among adults at a substance use treatment facility. West (2001) identified motivation as a key variable in treating substance use disorders, and selfdetermination theory, specifically intrinsic motivation, provided a useful framework for this study. Intrinsic motivation is grounded in self-determination theory and defines various motivation types and how to increase participants’ engagement. Holistic functioning is another tool in assessing a participant’s recovery. For this evaluation, four domains were specifically assessed: (a) physical, (b) leisure, (c) social, and (d) daily living functioning. These quality of life components are affected heavily during prolonged substance use. Results suggest that recreational therapy interventions utilizing a self-determination framework improves participants’ intrinsic motivation and holistic functioning in a substance use treatment setting.
Parental stress is associated with poor sleep quality in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the psychosocial predictors of poor sleep quality in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities. Methods Sixty-seven parents of children with developmental disabilities and 42 parents of typically developing children completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and measures of parental stress, child problem behaviors, and social support. Results Parents of children with developmental disabilities reported poorer sleep quality. Further, the majority of these parents met the established 'poor sleepers' criterion. The strongest predictor of poor sleep quality was parental stress. This finding withstood adjustment for a number of potential confounders. Conclusions Parental stress is associated with poor sleep quality in parents of children with developmental disabilities. The monitoring and management of sleep issues in these parental caregivers should be a priority for health professionals.
Early Colleges at Scale: Impacts on Secondary and Postsecondary Outcomes

We examine the impacts of early college high schools, small schools of choice located on college campuses. These schools provide a no-cost opportunity for students to earn college credit—or a 2-year degree—while in high school. Using rich administrative data on multiple cohorts of students and quasiexperimental methods informed by the within-study comparison literature, we estimate program impacts of enrolling in a North Carolina early college in ninth grade on a variety of secondary and postsecondary outcomes. We include all such schools in the state, and we report generally promising findings. Early colleges increase important high school outcomes, boost associate’s degree completion, and raise 4-year-college enrollment at less selective public institutions. We also show the differences of these impacts across race, home-district performance, and host site, helping us better understand the implementation and effects of this promising intervention in one state that has brought this school reform model to scale.
The processing of the object marker a by heritage Spanish speakers

Objectives: Previous research has found that object marking with the Spanish particle a is variable among heritage Spanish speakers, based on data from offline experimental measures. The online self-paced reading method used for the present study has the advantage of being less metalinguistic, which may be important with heritage speakers. This incremental measure of sentence processing can also examine whether the single letter form a is simply skipped over during reading. Methodology: Thirty-two heritage Spanish speakers and 16 later Spanish-English bilinguals participated. Critical stimuli were 20 items testing a marking with direct objects and 20 items testing a marking of indirect objects in ditransitive constructions. Data and analysis: The data set included reading times from self-paced reading, accuracy for post-stimulus comprehension questions, and secondary data from an offline acceptability judgment, all of which were analyzed via ANOVAs by subject and by item. Findings: Both groups exhibited robust sensitivity to a marking of indirect objects, sensitivity to a marking with inanimate direct objects, and no sensitivity to a marking with animate direct objects. Originality: This is the first study to examine the real-time processing of object marking among heritage Spanish speakers. It is the second study to include a comparison group of late Spanish-English bilinguals in the US, as opposed to monolinguals residing abroad. Significance: Incremental data from online processing indicate that the visual nonsalience of the marker a is not the sole or primary cause of variability in the marking of animate direct objects, because it was noticed in other written sentential contexts. In addition, the similarity between the two participant groups shows that variability with differential object marking is not limited to heritage speakers, but can also occur among US Spanish users educated abroad, where incomplete acquisition is not a question.
Calculating conjugacy classes in Sylow -subgroups of finite Chevalley groups of rank six and seven

Let G(q) be a finite Chevalley group, where q is a power of a good prime p, and let U(q) be a Sylow p-subgroup of G(q). Then a generalized version of a conjecture of Higman asserts that the number k(U(q)) of conjugacy classes in U(q) is given by a polynomial in q with integer coefficients. In an earlier paper, the first and the third authors developed an algorithm to calculate the values of k(U(q)). By implementing it into a computer program using GAP, they were able to calculate k(U(q)) for G of rank at most 5, thereby proving that for these cases k(U(q)) is given by a polynomial in q. In this paper we present some refinements and improvements of the algorithm that allow us to calculate the values of k(U(q)) for finite Chevalley groups of rank six and seven, except E_7. We observe that k(U(q)) is a polynomial, so that the generalized Higman conjecture holds for these groups. Moreover, if we write k(U(q)) as a polynomial in q-1, then the coefficients are non-negative. Under the assumption that k(U(q)) is a polynomial in q-1, we also give an explicit formula for the coefficients of k(U(q)) of degrees zero, one and two.
A cost analysis of Wireless Mesh Networks

A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is composed of multiple Mesh Nodes that are connected together using the radio channel and rely on the backhaul capacity available at a limited number of Gateway Nodes. In this paper, we address the problem of assessing the generic cost of a WMN and comparing it with the cost of other supported network solutions, e.g. a cellular network. We restrict our analysis to regular topologies and make simplifying assumptions about the cost breakdown, without introducing however any bias in favour of multi-hop solutions. For any choice of the parameters, our model determines the feasible network design solutions, that satisfy the traffic demands of all Mesh Nodes thanks to optimal scheduling, and the solution having the minimum cost among all these ones. Our cost analysis takes in account the problem of interference and implies an efficient use of the available resources through spatial reuse.