Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Albumin Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Marked Neuroprotective Efficacy at Moderate Doses and With a Broad Therapeutic Window

Background and Purpose — We examined the neuroprotective efficacy of moderate-dose human albumin therapy in acute focal ischemic stroke and defined the therapeutic window after stroke onset, within which this therapy would confer neurobehavioral and histopathological neuroprotection. Methods — Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with halothane/nitrous oxide and received 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) by a poly-l-lysine–coated intraluminal suture. Neurological status was evaluated during occlusion (60 minutes) and daily for 3 days after MCAo. In the dose-response study, human albumin doses of either of 0.63 or 1.25 g/kg or saline vehicle (5 mL/kg) were given intravenously immediately after suture removal. In the therapeutic window study, a human albumin dose of 1.25 g/kg was administered intravenously at 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, or 5 hours after onset of MCAo. Three days after MCAo, brains were perfusion-fixed, and infarct volumes and brain swelling were determined. Results — Moderate-dose albumin therapy significantly improved the neurological score at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours and significantly reduced total infarct volume (by 67% and 58%, respectively, at the 1.25- and 0.63-g/kg doses). Cortical and striatal infarct volumes were also significantly reduced by both doses. Brain swelling was virtually eliminated by albumin treatment. Even when albumin therapy (1.25 g/kg) was initiated as late as 4 hours after onset of MCAo, it improved the neurological score and markedly reduced infarct volumes in cortex (by 68%), subcortical regions (by 52%), and total infarct (by 61%). Conclusions — Moderate-dose albumin therapy markedly improves neurological function and reduces infarction volume and brain swelling, even when treatment is delayed up to 4 hours after onset of ischemia.
Ways to avoid problematic situations and negative experiences: Children’s preventive measures online

Abstract This article maps the various preventive measures 9 to 16-year-olds may take when confronted with problematic online situations, and it assesses how they differentiate preventive strategies based on online risk types. Boys and girls are compared and potential changes in preventive measures as they grow older are discussed. The reality of preventive measures is complex: Young people adopt different types of preventive measures depending on the perceived seriousness and potential harm of the risky situation at hand. Proactive problem-preventing measures are favored while support seeking is clearly a less common strategy in preventing unpleasant situations online. Cognitive strategies such as planning, strategizing and reflecting are also quite common among children’s intent on avoiding risky online experiences, and they can spur them on from mere awareness to concrete preventive action.
Association between inflammatory factor, lipid peroxidation and total-antioxidant in non-diabetic patients of coronary artery disease

Introduction: The oxidative stress and inflammation are cooperative events involved in atherosclerosis development. In the present study, we assessed the association ofmalondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant markers, high sensitive C-reactive protein (HS-CRP)and lipid status parameters in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) orvessel heart disease (VHD). Significant risk factors such as diabetes were excluded from thestudy. Methods: Oxidative stress parameters for example MDA, antioxidant markers including:erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), inflammation marker and serum lipid status parameters were measured in 120 subjects including 60 CAD patients (non-diabetic) with angiographically diagnosed CADand 60 CAD-free subjects as a control group, also diabetic patients with malignancy, renal andliver disease, and other disease were excluded from the study. Results: The serum MDA and HS-CRP levels were increased significantly as compared to thecontrols. However, erythrocyte SOD, GPX activities and TAC level were reduced significantly in patients (non-diabetic) (P < 0.05 in all cases). The levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were significantly higher andthat of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was significantly lower than those ofcontrols (P < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: The association between oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant markers, theinflammation index and lipid status parameters suggest their involvement in atherosclerosis development that may lead to CAD progression.
Community Health Worker Perspectives on Recruitment and Retention of Recent Immigrant Women in a Randomized Clinical Trial

This study explores the recruitment and retention strategies used by community health workers who enrolled Korean Americans in a church-based, randomized trial to promote mammogram and Papanicolaou tests and retained them for 6 months. We conducted 4 focus groups with 23 community health workers. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Themes were identified in relation to recruitment: personal networks, formal networks at churches, building on trust and respect, and facilitating a nonthreatening environment. Themes were identified for retention: trust and peer support. Qualified, well-trained community health workers can recruit and retain hard-to-reach immigrant women in a randomized trial by using multiple culturally sensitive strategies.
Relationships and Predictive Capabilities of Jump Assessments to Soccer-Specific Field Test Performance in Division I Collegiate Players

Leg power is an important characteristic for soccer, and jump tests can measure this capacity. Limited research has analyzed relationships between jumping and soccer-specific field test performance in collegiate male players. Nineteen Division I players completed tests of: leg power (vertical jump (VJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), left- and right-leg triple hop (TH)); linear (30 m sprint; 0–5 m, 5–10 m, 0–10, 0–30 m intervals) and change-of-direction (505) speed; soccer-specific fitness (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2); and 7 × 30-m sprints to measure repeated-sprint ability (RSA; total time (TT), performance decrement (PD)). Pearson’s correlations (r) determined jump and field test relationships; stepwise regression ascertained jump predictors of the tests (p < 0.05). All jumps correlated with the 0–5, 0–10, and 0–30 m sprint intervals (r = −0.65–−0.90). VJ, SBJ, and left- and right-leg TH correlated with RSA TT (r = −0.51–−0.59). Right-leg TH predicted the 0–5 and 0–10 m intervals (R2 = 0.55–0.81); the VJ predicted the 0–30 m interval and RSA TT (R2 = 0.41–0.84). Between-leg TH asymmetry correlated with and predicted left-leg 505 and RSA PD (r = −0.68–0.62; R2 = 0.39–0.46). Improvements in jumping ability could contribute to faster speed and RSA performance in collegiate soccer players.
Subthalamic neuronal responses to cortical stimulation

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus alleviates motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients. However, some patients suffer from cognitive and emotional changes. These side effects are most likely caused by current spread to the cognitive and limbic territories in the subthalamic nucleus. The aim of this study was to identify the motor part of the subthalamic nucleus to reduce stimulation‐induced behavioral side effects, by using motor cortex stimulation.
The effect of shoulder core exercises on isometric torque of glenohumeral joint movements in healthy young females

BACKGROUND: Strength improvement of the shoulder muscles is a major goal in rehabilitation or athletic conditioning programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shoulder core exercises on the isometric torque of glenohumeral joint movements. METHODS: A total of 36 healthy females with no history of shoulder injury enrolled in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned into the control group (n = 18, 22 ± 2.19 years of age) or experimental group (n = 18, 21 ± 2.05 years of age). Subjects in experimental group performed shoulder core exercises, using progressive resistance training, three times a week for six weeks. Subjects in control group performed no exercise. The isometric torque of shoulder movements were measured with Dynatorq device in isolated test positions of glenohumeral muscles at the beginning and after six weeks in both groups. RESULTS: shoulder core exercise training led to an increase in maximal isometric torques of shoulder scaption at 0° and 90° arm elevation, external and internal rotation, horizontal adduction and extension movements (p < 0.001 in all instances). No significant difference was found between initial scores and scores after six weeks in the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that shoulder core exercise training leads to an increase in peak torque for all glenohumeral movements that can be considered in glenohumeral muscles strengthening programs.
Association of sexual problems with social, psychological, and physical problems in men and women: a cross sectional population survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of sexual problems with social, physical, and psychological problems. DESIGN: An anonymous postal questionnaire survey. SETTING: Four general practices in England. PARTICIPANTS: 789 men and 979 women responding to a questionnaire sent to a stratified random sample of the adult general population (n = 4000). MAIN RESULTS: Strong physical, social, and psychological associations were found with sexual problems. In men, erectile problems and premature ejaculation were associated with increasing age. Erectile problems were most strongly associated with prostate trouble, with an age adjusted odds ratio of 2.6 (95% confidence intervals 1.4, 4.7), but hypertension and diabetes were also associated. Premature ejaculation was predominantly associated with anxiety (age adjusted odds ratio 3.1 (95% confidence intervals 1.7, 5.6)). In women, the predominant association with arousal, orgasmic, and enjoyment problems was martial difficulties, all with odds ratios greater than five. All female sexual problems were associated with anxiety and depression. Vaginal dryness was found to increase with age, whereas dyspareunia decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that sexual problems cluster with self reported physical problems in men, and with psychological and social problems in women. This has potentially important consequences for the planning of treatment for sexual problems, and implies that effective therapy could have a broad impact on health in the adult population.
Reasons for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Arrested Women

There are limited empirical data regarding the reasons or motives for the perpetration of intimate partner violence among women arrested for domestic violence and court referred to violence intervention programs. The present study examined arrested women’s self-report reasons for partner violence perpetration and investigated whether women who were victims of severe intimate partner violence were more likely than were women who were victims of minor partner violence to report self-defense as a reason for their behavior. In all, 87 women in violence intervention programs completed a measure of violence perpetration and victimization and a questionnaire assessing 29 reasons for violence perpetration. Self-defense, poor emotion regulation, provocation by the partner, and retaliation for past abuse were the most common reasons for violence perpetration. Victims of severe partner violence were significantly more likely than were victims of minor partner violence to report self-defense as a reason for their violence perpetration. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Identification of PTC725, an Orally Bioavailable Small Molecule That Selectively Targets the Hepatitis C Virus NS4B Protein

ABSTRACT While new direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been approved, there is a continued need for novel antiviral agents that act on new targets and can be used in combination with current therapies to enhance efficacy and to restrict the emergence of drug-resistant viral variants. To this end, we have identified a novel class of small molecules, exemplified by PTC725, that target the nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B). PTC725 inhibited HCV 1b (Con1) replicons with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 1.7 nM and an EC90 of 9.6 nM and demonstrated a >1,000-fold selectivity window with respect to cytotoxicity. The compounds were fully active against HCV replicon mutants that are resistant to inhibitors of NS3 protease and NS5B polymerase. Replicons selected for resistance to PTC725 harbored amino acid substitutions F98L/C and V105M in NS4B. Anti-replicon activity of PTC725 was additive to synergistic in combination with alpha interferon or with inhibitors of HCV protease and polymerase. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that neither the HCV inhibitors nor the F98C substitution altered the subcellular localization of NS4B or NS5A in replicon cells. Oral dosing of PTC725 showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with high liver and plasma exposure in mice and rats. Modeling of dosing regimens in humans indicates that a once-per-day or twice-per-day oral dosing regimen is feasible. Overall, the preclinical data support the development of PTC725 for use in the treatment of chronic HCV infection.
The American Society of Anesthesiologists Postoperative Visual Loss Registry: Analysis of 93 Spine Surgery Cases with Postoperative Visual Loss

Background: Postoperative visual loss after prone spine surgery is increasingly reported in association with ischemic optic neuropathy, but its etiology is unknown. Methods: To describe the clinical characteristics of these patients, the authors analyzed a retrospectively collected series of 93 spine surgery cases voluntarily submitted to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Postoperative Visual Loss Registry on standardized data forms. Results: Ischemic optic neuropathy was associated with 83 of 93 spine surgery cases. The mean age of the patients was 50 ± 14 yr, and most patients were relatively healthy. Mayfield pins supported the head in 16 of 83 cases. The mean anesthetic duration was 9.8 ± 3.1 h, and the median estimated blood loss was 2.0 l (range, 0.1–25 l). Bilateral disease was present in 55 patients, with complete visual loss in the affected eye(s) in 47. Ischemic optic neuropathy cases had significantly higher anesthetic duration, blood loss, percentage of patients in Mayfield pins, and percentage of patients with bilateral disease compared with the remaining 10 cases of visual loss diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion (P < 0.05), suggesting they are of different etiology. Conclusions: Ischemic optic neuropathy was the most common cause of visual loss after spine surgery in the Registry, and most patients were relatively healthy. Blood loss of 1,000 ml or greater or anesthetic duration of 6 h or longer was present in 96% of these cases. For patients undergoing lengthy spine surgery in the prone position, the risk of visual loss should be considered in the preoperative discussion with patients.
Rational Design of a Novel Propeptide for Improving Active Production of Streptomyces griseus Trypsin in Pichia pastoris

ABSTRACT Applying in silico simulations and in vitro experiments, the amino acid proline was proved to have a profound influence on Streptomyces griseus trypsinogen, and the hydrogen bond between H57 and D102 was found to be crucial for trypsin activity. By introducing an artificial propeptide, IVEF, the titer of trypsin was increased 6.71-fold.
Evaluations of the in-group and of out-groups among Portuguese children

Abstract The current research examined in-group/out-group attitudes among Portuguese children. The sample consisted of 366 children (183 boys and 183 girls) aged 5, 6, 10 and 11. Children were interviewed about attitudes of the Portuguese in-group and of two out-groups (Cape Verdeans and Brazilians). Three measures were used: a trait attribution task including positive and negative personality traits, and an overall affective evaluation of in-group and out-group members. Results revealed: (a) Portuguese children ascribed more positive attitudes (i.e., assigned more positive and less negative features, and greater positivity and affective evaluation) towards the Portuguese in-group than towards two out-groups; (b) developmental differences in attitudes towards the national groups; (c) an absence of gender differences on any of the variables considered. The findings are discussed in light of past empirical research and theoretical views.
Introduction to a special issue on disclosure and concealment in psychotherapy

Given that questions related to disclosure have long held the interest of both clinicians and researchers, we are excited to present this special issue of Counselling Psychology Quarterly focusing on disclosure and concealment in psychotherapy. All forms of human communication involve some degree of disclosure, whether through verbal or non-verbal means. Most of us are quite careful about both the content and quantity of what we share with others. One factor that affects decisions about disclosure is the type of relationship. Friendships typically include an approximately equal amount of disclosure from both members, whereas in other relationships (e.g. parent–child, boss–employee), disclosure patterns may be less equal. Psychotherapy is one such relationship where participants likely do not disclose equally. Clients are expected to reveal themselves as much as possible so that therapists can help them, although the depth of such disclosures may gradually evolve as clients begin to feel safe with their therapists. In contrast, given that the purpose of psychotherapy is to help the client, therapist self-disclosure (TSD) is usually much more limited and ideally used only to help the client rather than meet therapists’ needs. Because psychotherapy is on the one hand much like a friendship, given the level of intimacy and sharing (Schofield, 1986), yet on the other hand a professional relationship focused on the client, it offers a rich opportunity for examining the disclosure process. We can consider disclosure to exist on a continuum. At one extreme, nothing is withheld and the person is completely open with all conscious thoughts and feelings. At the other extreme, a person does not disclose at all and in fact, might be actively concealing or lying. Few people live at the extremes, as it is almost impossible either to share or withhold all thoughts and feelings. In addition, it is important to recognize that disclosure is a state rather than a trait, such that although one may be generally open, that same person might not disclose in a particular given situation. For this special section, then, we focus on several aspects of this disclosure continuum. First, we focus on TSD. Next, we focus on client disclosure and concealment. We refer readers to prior reviews of the literature to gain more perspective on past research in this area (Henretty, Berman, Currier, & Levitt, 2014; Henretty & Levitt, 2010; Hill & Knox, 2002; Knox & Hill, 2003).
Clinical analysis of internal orbital fractures in children.

In order to describe the demographics, etiologic and clinical factors, and outcomes of orbital fractures in children, we have reviewed a case series of 17 patients under 18 years of age with internal orbital fractures (i.e., without involvement of the orbital rim) presenting to the Ghil hospital between March 2000 and June 2001. For 15 of the patients, we performed orbital wall reconstruction with Medpor barrier sheet implantation (thickness 1mm) through transconjunctival approach under endoscopic guidance, while maintaining mere observation on the other 2 patients. There were 14 male and 3 female patients. The most common cause of fractures was accident (7 cases). Inferior wall involvement was most commonly seen, and the trapdoor type fracture was the most common. Thirteen patients had extraocular muscle restriction, 9 had nausea/vomiting and 5 had bradycardia. Diplopia of 9 patients disappeared after 43 +/- 23 days. Nausea/vomiting and bradycardia disappeared rapidly after surgical intervention in all cases. These results suggest that trapdoor fractures with soft tissue entrapment are the most common in pediatric orbital wall fractures, and that most of them are associated with nausea/vomiting. We suggest that early diagnosis, and prompt surgical intervention are required for those patients with oculocardiac reflex.
Criminal history of homicide offenders: a multi-dimensional analysis of criminal specialization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine how offenses co-occur in the backgrounds of homicide offenders and if identified groups of offenses reflect an underlying theoretical construct or theme; and to determine if offenders specialize in thematically similar offenses. Design/methodology/approach – The previous convictions of 122 single-victim homicide offenders were examined using smallest space analysis to identify groups of co-occurring offenses across offenders’ criminal histories. Findings – The results showed a thematic distinction between violent vs instrumental offenses and 84 percent of offenders specialized in offenses within a single dominant theme, suggesting that the framework can differentiate the majority of offenders’ criminal backgrounds. Possible sub-themes were identified that could suggest further demarcation of the themes and provide a more refined framework that may be of even greater utility in differentiating offenders. Research limitations/implications – This study util.
Systematic Limitations in Concentration Analysis via Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering in the Small Structure Limit

Anomalous small angle scattering measurements have been applied to diluted solutions of anionic polyacrylates decorated by specifically-interacting Pb2+ cations, revealing partial collapse of the polyacrylate into pearl-like subdomains with a size on the order of a few nanometers. From the pure-resonant scattering contribution of the Pb2+ cations, and from subsequent analysis of the resonant-invariant, the amount of Pb2+ cations condensed onto the polyanions with respect to the total amount of Pb2+ cations in the solvent was estimated. In order to scrutinize systematic limitations in the determination of the chemical concentrations of resonant scattering counterions in the collapsed phase, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed. The simulations are based on structural confinements at variable size in the range of few nanometers, which represent the collapsed subdomains in the polyanions. These confinements were gradually filled to a high degree of the volume fraction with resonant scattering counterions giving access to a resonant-invariant at a variable degree of filling. The simulations revealed in the limit of small structures a significant underestimation of the true degree of filling of the collapsed subdomains when determining chemical concentrations of Pb2+ cations from the resonant invariant.