Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ultra-social animal

In evolutionary perspective, what is most remarkable about human sociality is its many and diverse forms of cooperation. Here, I provide an overview of some recent research, mostly from our laboratory, comparing human children with their nearest living relatives, the great apes, in various tests of collaboration, prosocial behavior, conformity, and group-mindedness (e.g., following and enforcing social norms). This is done in the context of a hypothetical evolutionary scenario comprising two ordered steps: a first step in which early humans began collaborating with others in unique ways in their everyday foraging and a second step in which modern humans began forming cultural groups. Humans' unique forms of sociality help to explain their unique forms of cognition and morality. © 2014. The Authors. European Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Benchmark of Computational Models of Saliency to Predict Human Fixations

Many computational models of visual attention have been created from a wide variety of different approaches to predict where people look in images. Each model is usually introduced by demonstrating performances on new images, and it is hard to make immediate comparisons between models. To alleviate this problem, we propose a benchmark data set containing 300 natural images with eye tracking data from 39 observers to compare model performances. We calculate the performance of 10 models at predicting ground truth fixations using three different metrics. We provide a way for people to submit new models for evaluation online. We find that the Judd et al. and Graph-based visual saliency models perform best. In general, models with blurrier maps and models that include a center bias perform well. We add and optimize a blur and center bias for each model and show improvements. We compare performances to baseline models of chance, center and human performance. We show that human performance increases with the number of humans to a limit. We analyze the similarity of different models using multidimensional scaling and explore the relationship between model performance and fixation consistency. Finally, we offer observations about how to improve saliency models in the future.
Emotional Intelligence in relation to Spirituality among Adolescents Dr Neeta Gupta Department of Psychology DAV (PG) College Dehradun

ABSTRACT The present study has tried to explore Emotional Intelligence (EI) of the respondents in relation to spirituality. For this the data was collected on 200 adolecents (100 boys and 100 girls) equally divided into two groups on the basis of their level of spirituality i.e. high and low.The level of spirituality of the respondents was measured by using Koradia et al’s (2008) Spirituality Quotient Scale and EI was measured by using Hyde’s et al(2002) EI Scale.The results of the present study have suggested that 1.High spirituality respondents scored more on Emotional stability, and Self development dimension of EI and Total EI as compared to low spirituality respondents. 2. Girls were found to score more on Empathy ,Managing Relations, Altruistic behaviour and on total EI as compared to boys. 3. No Significant interactions of spirituality and gender were found on any of the dimensions of EI. Key Words: Emotional Intelligence, Spirituality and Adolescents.
Serrin’s overdetermined problem and constant mean curvature surfaces

For all $N \geq 9$, we find smooth entire epigraphs in $\R^N$, namely smooth domains of the form $\Omega : = \{x\in \R^N\ / \ x_N > F (x_1,\ldots, x_{N-1})\}$, which are not half-spaces and in which a problem of the form $\Delta u + f(u) = 0 $ in $\Omega$ has a positive, bounded solution with 0 Dirichlet boundary data and constant Neumann boundary data on $\partial \Omega$. This answers negatively for large dimensions a question by Berestycki, Caffarelli and Nirenberg \cite{bcn2}. In 1971, Serrin \cite{serrin} proved that a bounded domain where such an overdetermined problem is solvable must be a ball, in analogy to a famous result by Alexandrov that states that an embedded compact surface with constant mean curvature (CMC) in Euclidean space must be a sphere. In lower dimensions we succeed in providing examples for domains whose boundary is close to large dilations of a given CMC surface where Serrin's overdetermined problem is solvable.
UPMOA: An improved search algorithm to support user-preference multi-objective optimization

Multi-objective search algorithms (e.g., non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II)) have been applied extensively to solve various multi-objective optimization problems in software engineering such as problems in testing. However, existing multi-objective algorithms usually treat all the objectives with equivalent priorities and do not provide a mechanism to reflect various user preferences when guiding search. The need to have such a mechanism was observed in one of our industrial projects on applying search algorithms for test optimization of a product line of Videoconferencing Systems (VCSs) called Saturn, where user preferences must be incorporated into optimization objectives, based on domain knowledge of test engineers for VCS testing. To address this, we propose an extension to the most commonly-used multi-objective search algorithm NSGA-II, which has shown promising results with user preferences. We name the extension as User-Preference Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm (UPMOA), which includes a user preference indicator p and is based on existing weight assignment strategies. We empirically evaluated UPMOA with two industrial problems focusing on optimizing the test execution system for Saturn in Cisco. To assess the performance and scalability of UPMOA, inspired by the two industrial problems, in total we created 64000 artificial problems with 128 different sets of user preferences. The evaluation includes two aspects: 1) Three weight assignment strategies together with UPMOA were empirically evaluated to identify a best weight assignment strategy for p. Results show that the Uniformly Distributed Weights (UDW) strategy can assist UPMOA in achieving the best performance; 2) UPMOA was compared with three representative multi-objective search algorithms (including NSGA-II) and results show that UPMOA significantly outperformed the others and has the ability to solve problems with a wide range of complexity.
Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and Phytotoxicity of Tannery Effluent Discharged into Palar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India

Ambur, a town located on the banks of Palar River, is considered one of the most polluted areas in India and occupied by hundreds of tanneries and leather product units. The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of discharged tannery effluent (TE) on model agricultural crops, ecofriendly microorganisms, and human blood cells. The phytotoxic effects of TE tested on Allium cepa and Lemna minor revealed inhibition of root growth and significant reduction in number of fronds, protein, and chlorophyll content. Moreover, TE induced chlorosis and tissue necrosis in Nostoc muscorum at low concentration (10%). TE has also negative impact on ecofriendly microorganisms, Bacillus thuringiensis, Rhizobium etli, and Aspergillus terreus which play an important role in the nutrition of plant growth. The genotoxicity of TE was investigated in human leukocytes which showed interference with normal mitotic division with subsequent cell lysis. It also intervened with the normal replication process and induced micronucleus formation in the healthy leukocyte. 5% concentration of TE has been revealed to be toxic to erythrocytes. From this study TE found in the Palar River of Ambur has adverse effects on all the three levels of organisms in ecosystem even at lower concentrations.
Automatic electricity meter reading based on image processing

This paper introduces a system based on image processing to obtain efficiently and accurately reading of the electricity digital meter. In this system the back camera of the mobile phones is used to acquire the image of the electricity meter. The system then applies a sequence of image processing functions to automatically extract and recognize the digits of the meter reading image. This image goes through three main stages: preprocessing which ends up with cropping the numeric reading area, segmentation of individual digits using horizontal and vertical scanning of the cropped numeric area, and recognition of the reading by comparing each segmented digit with the digits templates. The proposed system is implemented using Android Studio software with openCV library and has been tested on 21 images of electric meters captured by Smartphone camera in Saudi Arabia, and results shows a recognition with the accuracy rate of 96,49% (per number digit) and 85.71% accuracy rate for the electricity meter readings. The proposed system will be used in the future to develop a mobile application that could be used by the electricity company employees to facilitate the reading process.
Heart rate and oxygen demand of powered exoskeleton-assisted walking in persons with paraplegia.

UNLABELLED Historically, persons with paralysis have limited options for overground ambulation. Recently, powered exoskeletons have become available, which are systems that translate the user's body movements to activate motors to move the lower limbs through a predetermined gait pattern. As part of an ongoing clinical study (NCT01454570), eight nonambulatory persons with paraplegia were trained to ambulate with a powered exoskeleton. Measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded for 6 min each during each maneuver while sitting, standing, and walking. The average value of VO2 during walking (11.2 +/- 1.7 mL/kg/min) was significantly higher than those for sitting and standing (3.5 +/- 0.4 and 4.3 +/- 0.9 mL/kg/min, respectively; p < 0.001). The HR response during walking was significantly greater than that of either sitting or standing (118 +/- 21vs 70 +/- 10 and 81 +/- 12 beats per minute, respectively: p < 0.001). Persons with paraplegia were able to ambulate efficiently using the powered exoskeleton for overground ambulation, providing potential for functional gain and improved fitness. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01454570; "The ReWalk Exoskeletal Walking System for Persons with Paraplegia (VA_ReWalk)"; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01454570.
Underpinnings of Digital-photo interaction in Computer-mediated platforms

Despite the growing popularity of digital photos in a number computer-mediated platforms, various pertinent issues remain less researched. Exploring and identifying relevant issues can help the researchers and designers understand "how and why SNS users interact with photos" on these platforms. In addition to this, the proposed investigations can be useful in refining the existing photos related features and solutions as well as developing new ones. The present dissertation focuses largely on photo-sharing and photo-tagging activities, which constitute integral elements of digital-photo interaction in numerous computer-mediated platforms. This dissertation is based on five empirical research articles investigating the different latent factors that motivate and hinder the process of digital-photo interaction in computer-mediated platforms. Study I examine the current practices surrounding digital photos in the context of personal photo repositories (N=15). Study II investigates the gratifications and impeding factors associated with photo-tagging activity on Facebook (N=67). Study III develops and tests an instrument for understanding the gratifications of Facebook photo-sharing (N=368). Study IV examines the impact of various aspects of privacy in relation to photo-sharing intentions on Facebook (N=378). Finally, study V investigates the age and gender differences regarding various aspects of privacy and trust in the context of photo-sharing activity on Facebook (N=378). The dissertation reveals the following findings: First, lack of "social features" is one of the essential reasons for non-acceptance of tagging feature in standalone photo management applications (Study I). Second, photo-sharing and photo-tagging adoption and popularity can be attributed to various factors such as affection, attention, communication, disclosure, habit, information sharing, self-expression, socialization, and social influence (Study II, III). Third, age, gender, and activity influence photo-sharing and photo-tagging gratifications (Study II, III). Fourth, in the context of Facebook photo-sharing, various aspects of privacy significantly impact users trust and activity and consequently photo-sharing intentions (Study IV). Fifth, women and young Facebook users are significantly more concerned about the privacy of their shared photos (Study V). Sixth, privacy-protective measures are significantly exercised more by young Facebook users, yet they exhibit more trust and a higher level of activity on Facebook (Study V). Overall, this dissertation work contributes to the existing theoretical and practical knowledge on activities associated with digital photos in computer-mediated platforms. Dissertation findings can be utilized by scholars engaged in researching computer-mediated communication, new media, privacy, and SNS behaviors.
A Teaching Assistant for Algorithm Construction

This paper describes a method and a tool that allows a teacher to interactively explain and construct basic algorithms to novice programmers by direct manipulations of variables, indexes and arrays. The method consists in gradually creating a program with the assistance of a tool that captures the teachers actions on the fly. The system offers possibilities for recording a sequence of actions and replaying them. Moreover it is able to take care of conditional statements, as well as loops and macro operations. The tool generates the corresponding program code. As a result, a complete algorithm can be designed and executed without writing a single line of code.
Otitis media : a genome-wide linkage scan with evidence of susceptibility loci within the 17 q 12 and 10 q 22 . 3 regions

Background: Otitis media (OM) is a common worldwide pediatric health care problem that is known to be influenced by genetics. The objective of our study was to use linkage analysis to map possible OM susceptibility genes. Methods: Using a stringent diagnostic model in which only those who underwent tympanostomy tube insertion at least once for recurrent/persistent OM are considered affected, we have carried out a genome-wide linkage scan using the 10K Affymetrix SNP panel. We genotyped 403 Caucasian families containing 1,431 genotyped individuals and 377 genotyped affected sib pairs, and 26 African American families containing 75 genotyped individuals and 27 genotyped affected sib pairs. After careful quality control, non-parametric linkage analysis was carried out using 8,802 SNPs. Results: In the Caucasian-only data set, our most significant linkage peak is on chromosome 17q12 at rs226088 with a p-value of 0.00007. Other peaks of potential interest are on 10q22.3 (0.00181 at rs1878001), 7q33 (0.00105 at rs958408), 6p25.1 (0.00261 at rs554653), and 4p15.2 (0.00301 at rs2133507). In the combined Caucasian and African American dataset, the 10q22.3 peak becomes more significant, with a minimal p-value of 0.00026 at rs719871. Family-based association testing reveals signals near previously implicated genes: 513 kb from SFTPA2 (10q22.3), 48 kb from IFNG (12q14), and 870 kb from TNF (6p21.3). Conclusion: Our scan does not provide evidence for linkage in the previously reported regions of 10q26.3 and 19q13.43. Our best-supported linkage regions may contain susceptibility genes that influence the risk for recurrent/persistent OM. Plausible candidates in 17q12 include AP2B1, CCL5, and a cluster of other CCL genes, and in 10q22.3, SFTPA2. Published: 3 September 2009 BMC Medical Genetics 2009, 10:85 doi:10.1186/1471-2350-10-85 Received: 16 June 2009 Accepted: 3 September 2009 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2350/10/85 © 2009 Casselbrant et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sommerfeld enhancement: general results from field theory diagrams

Assuming that two incoming annihilating particles interact by exchanging a generally massive attractive vector (or scalar) boson, we find, by taking the non-relativistic limit of the field theory ladder diagrams, that the complete annihilation amplitude A is equal to: the convolution of a solution of the Schroedinger equation (including the attractive potential) with the Fourier transform of the bare (i.e. ignoring the attraction) annihilation amplitude A0. The main novelty is that A0 can be completely arbitrary. For a Coulomb potential we find analytically the enhancement for the l-partial-wave cross-section, e.g. the P wave enhancement 2π(α/v)3 (v relative velocity), for a Yukawa potential we describe a simple algorithm and give numerical results showing an important P wave enhancement with a resonant pattern.
Multi-locus Genotypes Underlying Temperature Sensitivity in a Mutationally Induced Trait

Determining how genetic variation alters the expression of heritable phenotypes across conditions is important for agriculture, evolution, and medicine. Central to this problem is the concept of genotype-by-environment interaction (or ‘GxE’), which occurs when segregating genetic variation causes individuals to show different phenotypic responses to the environment. While many studies have sought to identify individual loci that contribute to GxE, obtaining a deeper understanding of this phenomenon may require defining how sets of loci collectively alter the relationship between genotype, environment, and phenotype. Here, we identify combinations of alleles at seven loci that control how a mutationally induced colony phenotype is expressed across a range of temperatures (21, 30, and 37°C) in a panel of yeast recombinants. We show that five predominant multi-locus genotypes involving the detected loci result in trait expression with varying degrees of temperature sensitivity. By comparing these genotypes and their patterns of trait expression across temperatures, we demonstrate that the involved alleles contribute to temperature sensitivity in different ways. While alleles of the transcription factor MSS11 specify the potential temperatures at which the trait can occur, alleles at the other loci modify temperature sensitivity within the range established by MSS11 in a genetic background- and/or temperature-dependent manner. Our results not only represent one of the first characterizations of GxE at the resolution of multi-locus genotypes, but also provide an example of the different roles that genetic variants can play in altering trait expression across conditions.
Repeatability, reproducibility and rigor in systems research

Computer systems research spans sub-disciplines that include embedded and real-time systems, compilers, networking, and operating systems. Our contention is that a number of structural factors inhibit quality research. We highlight some of the factors we have encountered in our work and observed in published papers and propose solutions that could both increase the productivity of researchers and the quality of their output.
Cool X-ray emitting gas in the core of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies

We use a deep XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer observation to examine the X-ray emission from the core of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies. We clearly detect Fe XVII emission at four separate wavelengths, indicating the presence of cool X-ray emitting gas in the core of the cluster. Fe ions from Fe XVII to xxiv are observed. The ratio of the Fe xvii 17.1 A lines to 15.0 A line and limits on O VII emission indicate a lowest detected temperature in the emitting region of 0.3 to 0.45 keV (3.5 to 5.2 x 10 6 K). The cluster also exhibits strong N VII emission, making it apparent that the N abundance is supersolar in its very central regions. Comparison of the strength of the Fe XVII lines with a solar metallicity cooling flow model in the inner 17 kpc radius gives mass deposition rates in the absence of heating of 1.6-3 M ⊙ yr -1 . Spectral fitting implies an upper limit of 0.8 M ⊙ yr -1 below 0.4 keV, 4 M ⊙ yr -1 below 0.8 keV and 8 M ⊙ yr -1 below 1.6 keV. The cluster contains X-ray emitting gas over at least the range of 0.35 to 3.7 keV, a factor of more than 10 in temperature. We find that the best-fitting metallicity of the cooler components is smaller than the hotter ones, confirming that the apparent metallicity does decline within the inner 1 arcmin radius.
Globalization From Below: Transnational Activists And Protest Networks

Globalization from Below is a book scholars of global social movements have long awaited. Despite the sharp increase in attention to this subject, the literature is characterized mainly by single case-studies or by theoretical treatments with limited empirical grounding. This lacuna is understandable, given the challenges of finding appropriate data sources as well as the very daunting data collection tasks. Della Porta and her colleagues have assembled a wealth of new empirical evidence without letting the numbers hide the fun in this vibrant social movement, such as the water-gun toting activists symbolically “liquidating the IMF. ”
Isotope incorporation in broad-snouted caimans (crocodilians)

Summary The trophic ecology and migration of vertebrate species have been increasingly studied using stable isotope analysis. However, this approach requires knowledge on how dietary isotopic values are reflected in consumers' tissues. To date, this information has only been obtained for a handful of ectotherms; in particular, little is known about crocodilians. In this study, diet-tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs) and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope turnover rates were estimated for plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and muscle obtained from broad-snouted caimans (Caiman latirostris). Individuals were fed two different control diets for 189 days. DTDFs for &dgr;15N (&Dgr;15N) and &dgr;13C (&Dgr;13C) ranged from −2.24‰ to 0.39‰ and from −0.52‰ to 1.06‰, respectively. Isotope turnover rates in tissues, expressed as half-lives, ranged from 11 to 71 days, with plasma<muscle<RBCs. &Dgr;15N was found to be particularly small, even when compared to values found for other ectotherms, a result that may be linked to the unique excretion physiology of crocodilians. These stable isotope incorporation data should help inform future interpretations of isotopic values obtained in the field for this taxon.
Application of hygrothermally decomposed polyurethane in rubber recipes Part 2–Influence of hygrothermally decomposed polyester–urethane on cure characteristics and viscoelastic behaviour of styrene/butadiene rubber

Abstract Hygrothermally decomposed polyester–urethane (HD PUR) was mixed at concentrations up to 20 pphr with a styrene/butadiene rubber (SBR), using an efficient vulcanisation system. Changes in the cure behaviour were followed by vulcametry, plate–plate rheometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the degree of crosslinking was increased by the incorporation of HD PUR, which acts as an accelerator in SBR stocks. Increasing crosslinking resulted in higher stiffness and strength and was accompanied by a reduction in elongation at break and swelling index.