Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining the Awareness and Attitude of Employees in Deputy of Health of Isfahan University of Medical Science toward Telemedicine and its Advantages

Introduction: The useful capabilities of information and communication technologies for improving health services are becoming widely known. However many of the managers and policymakers of health systems are not yet familiar with these technologies, their dimensions and applications and the advantages of these new technologies for creating added value in health systems. Therefore the goal of this study is to determine the awareness and attitude of employees working for Deputy of Health of Isfahan University of Medical Science regarding telemedicine and its advantages. Method: This study uses a descriptive – analytical method with sectional information gathering. The investigated population consisted of all managers and experts employed by Deputy of health of Isfahan University of Medical Science. The sample size was determined based on inclusion criteria to be 60 people. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire designed by the researcher in order to determine the awareness and attitude of the subjects. In order to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire content validity method and Cronbach’s alpha were used. The information was analyzed using descriptive (frequency, average) and analytical (Spearman correlation test and independent t-test) statistics with the help of SPSS19 software. Findings: Research findings showed that the awareness and attitude of managers and experts toward telemedicine was mediocre. Spearman correlation test showed that there is a correlation between the educational degree and awareness of the subject, however the correlation coefficient was lower than 0.5 which shows a weak correlation (0.451). On the other hand, the calculated P-value of 0.008 showed that there is a meaningful relation between the education and awareness of managers regarding telemedicine. Conclusion: Due to importance of awareness and attitude in acceptance of new technologies, one can say that currently there is not enough readiness for planning and implementation of telemedicine projects in the Deputy of health. Therefore changes in the organizational culture, organizational structures and infrastructure, current plans and educating the employees in order to improve their awareness and attitude is of great importance.
S-Ketamine Anesthesia Increases Cerebral Blood Flow in Excess of the Metabolic Needs in Humans

Background:Animal studies have demonstrated neuroprotective properties of S-ketamine, but its effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF), metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and glucose metabolic rate (GMR) have not been comprehensively studied in humans. Methods:Positron emission tomography was used to quantify CBF and CMRO2 in eight healthy male volunteers awake and during S-ketamine infusion targeted to subanesthetic (150 ng/ml) and anesthetic (1,500–2,000 ng/ml) concentrations. In addition, subjects’ GMRs were assessed awake and during anesthesia. Whole brain estimates for cerebral blood volume were obtained using kinetic modeling. Results:The mean ± SD serum S-ketamine concentration was 159 ± 21 ng/ml at the subanesthetic and 1,959 ± 442 ng/ml at the anesthetic levels. The total S-ketamine dose was 10.4 mg/kg. S-ketamine increased heart rate (maximally by 43.5%) and mean blood pressure (maximally by 27.0%) in a concentration-dependent manner (P = 0.001 for both). Subanesthetic S-ketamine increased whole brain CBF by 13.7% (P = 0.035). The greatest regional CBF increase was detected in the anterior cingulate (31.6%; P = 0.010). No changes were detected in CMRO2. Anesthetic S-ketamine increased whole brain CBF by 36.4% (P = 0.006) but had no effect on whole brain CMRO2 or GMR. Regionally, CBF was increased in nearly all brain structures studied (greatest increase in the insula 86.5%; P < 0.001), whereas CMRO2 increased only in the frontal cortex (by 15.7%; P = 0.007) and GMR increased only in the thalamus (by 11.7%; P = 0.010). Cerebral blood volume was increased by 51.9% (P = 0.011) during anesthesia. Conclusions:S-ketamine–induced CBF increases exceeded the minor changes in CMRO2 and GMR during anesthesia.
Linear offset-free model predictive control: A minimum-variance unbiased filter based approach

The problem of linear offset-free model predictive control (MPC) with a minimum-variance unbiased (MVU) filter is addressed in this paper. Apart from traditional Kalman filter based approaches, a MVU filter is used in the design of a MPC system. In this framework, the disturbance is allowed to have arbitrary statistics. The MVU filter has the advantage of quick transient estimation behavior, and zero offset output estimation can be obtained for every sample time. We show that the choice of the disturbance model will not affect the estimated output as long as the rank condition is satisfied.
Weighing Black Holes in High-Redshift SCUBA Galaxies

Deep SCUBA surveys have uncovered a population of dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 2. Using the ultra-deep 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North survey we recently showed that a large fraction of these systems are also undergoing intense black-hole growth. Here we provide further constraints on the properties of the black holes in SCUBA galaxies using the virial black-hole mass estimator. We show that typical SCUBA galaxies are likely to host black holes with M BH ≈ 10 7 –10 8 M ⊙ which are accreting at, or close to, the Eddington limit. These results provide qualitative support for our earlier conclusion that the growth of the black hole lags that of the host galaxy in these massive ultra-luminous galaxies. Deep surveys over the past decade have revolutionised our understanding of the high-z Universe and mapped the history of star formation out to z ≈ 6 (e.g., Madau, Pozzetti, & Dickinson 1998). Over the same timescale, the finding that every massive galaxy hosts a central super-massive black hole (SMBH) with a mass proportional to that of its spheroid (e.g., Tremaine et al. 2002) has raised the surprising possibility that the growth of galaxies and their SMBHs are concurrent, despite nine orders of magnitude difference in size scale. The most active sites of star formation at high redshift are identified with (sub-)millimetre emitting galaxies (SMGs), such as those detected in deep SCUBA surveys (e.g., Smail et al. 2002). The estimated star-formation rates of these systems are large enough to form a massive galaxy of ≈ 10 11 M ⊙ in just 10 8 yrs (e.g., Chapman et al. 2005; Greve et al. 2005). After intense multi-wavelength follow-up observations it is clear that these SMGs are already massive at their average redshift of z ≈ 2 and are sufficiently gas rich to maintain a vigorous level of star formation for a further ≈ 5 × 10 7 yrs (e.g., Swinbank et al. 2004; Tecza et al. 2004; Tacconi et al. 2006). These results suggest that SMGs pinpoint the formation of local > M * early-type galaxies. Given the apparent connection between the growth of galaxies and their black holes, what can be understood about the growth of black holes in SMGs? 2. The Growth of Black Holes in SMGs Using ultra-deep Chandra observations (the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North survey) we recently showed that ≈ 40% (perhaps all) of the bright (f …
Do cultural and perceptual factor matter?: An investigation of factors impacting intelligence test scores of Latinos/Hispanics in the United States

DO CULTURAL AND PERCEPTUAL FACTORS MATTER? : AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS IMPACTING INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORES OF LATINOS/HISPANICS IN THE UNITED STATES by Mary E. Ignagni Adviser: Dr. Charles Scherbaum This paper examined societal and cultural explanations regarding the score differences seen between Latinos/Hispanics and Whites on intelligence tests through focusing specifically on possible explanations for the scores obtained by Latino/Hispanic testtakers. In this paper, it was argued that additional unique factors may impact the test scores of Latino/Hispanic test-takers. Specifically, racial and ethnic self-identification, ethnic centrality, acculturation, cultural distance, test perceptions, and ethnicity were explored as possible unique factors. In addition, an attempt was made to explain within group differences. A non-experimental study was utilized in which a final sample of 194 participants completed an intelligence test and measures of the variables. It was found that self-identification, generational status, and country/region of heritage were significantly related to test scores. Limited evidence was found for the other variables as well as some unexpected findings. Strengths, limitations, and implications of the findings, as well as future research directions are discussed.
Distributed Detection for Diversity Reception of Fading Signals in Noise

A multiple-antenna diversity scheme is investigated for digital communications. Antenna observations are immediately quantized and sent to a fusion center. At the fusion center, the quantized observations are combined to form a final decision on which symbol was transmitted. The optimum reception scheme is described for the case where frequency-shift keying is employed and where slow Rayleigh fading and Gaussian additive noise are present. Two cases are studied. In the first case, an accurate estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio is available at each receiver. In the second case, estimates are not available. Results indicate that two- or three-bit quantizations may be most appropriate. Further, if binary decisions are made at each antenna, the performance may not improve if an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio is available at each antenna or if two antennas are used instead of one.
Social Navigation

A common way to navigate an information space in the real world is with help of other people, e.g. instead of looking at my map I ask another person for the direction of the place I want to go to. This communication with other agents (human o r artificial) to navigate an information space is what we call social navigation. In this paper social navigation is examined; how does it work; who uses it; and most importantly, how do we navigate socially in virtual information spaces? Basically i t is possible to identify two types of social navigation: direct social navigation, and indirect social navigation. A common way to navigate an information space in the real world is with help of other people, e.g. instead of looking at my map I ask another person for the direction of the place I want to go to. This communication with other agents (human or artificial) to navigate an information space is what we call social navigation. In this paper social navigation is examined; how does it work; who uses it; and most importantly, how do we navigate socially in virtual information spaces? Basically it is possible to identify two types of social navigation: direct social navigation, and indirect social navigation.
Recognizing Complex Behaviors in Aerial Video

Event or activity recognition is a critical element of reconnaissance video analysis for intelligence. While object tracks may be of interest on their own, in many cases it is the specific behavior of objects, under certain semantic and scene conditions, that distinguishes interesting video from the mundane. The automatic detection of salient activities in video, with suitably low false alarm rates, will enable dramatic improvements in the efficiency and feasibility of video filtering, indexing and exploitation. However, in busy scenes with many moving objects, detecting events involving multiple interacting objects presents a significant challenge. In this paper, we present a novel approach for recognizing such complex events in aerial video, using a unique combination of high-level semantic knowledge and probabilistic methods. Our algorithm requires little or no training data, and can handle very large differences in scene conditions and appearance for the same event because we directly model the underlying semantics of the event. Results are shown in aerial video of complex transshipment events across a wide range of scenes.
New Optical and Near-Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Models. II. Young and Intermediate-Age Stellar Populations

We present theoretical surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) amplitudes for single-burst stellar populations of young and intermediate age (25 Myr ≤ t ≤ 5 Gyr) and metallicities Z = 0.0003, 0.001, 0.004, 0.008, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04. The fluctuation magnitudes and colors as expected in the Johnson-Cousins (UBVRIJHK) photometric system are provided. We pay attention to the contribution of thermally pulsating asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stars. The sensitivity of the predicted SBF to changes in the mass-loss scenario along the TP-AGB phase is examined. Below 0.6–1 Gyr both optical and near-IR SBF models exhibit a strong dependence on age and mass loss. We also evaluate SBF amplitudes using Monte Carlo techniques to reproduce the random variation in the number of stars experiencing bright and fast evolutionary phases (red giant branch, AGB, TP-AGB). On these grounds we provide constraints on the faintest integrated flux of real stellar populations required to derive reliable and meaningful SBF measurements. We analyze a technique for deriving SBF amplitudes of star clusters from the photometry of individual stars and estimate the uncertainty due to statistical effects, which may impinge on the procedure. The first optical SBF measurements for 11 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) star-rich clusters—with ages ranging from a few megayears to several gigayears—are derived using Hubble Space Telescope observations. The measurements are compared to our SBF predictions, providing a good agreement with models of metallicity Z = 0.0001–0.01. Our results suggest that, for TP-AGB stars, a mass loss as a power-law function of the star luminosity is required in order to properly reproduce the optical SBF data of the LMC clusters. Finally, near-IR models have been compared to available data, thus showing that the general trend is well fitted. We suggest how to overcome the general problem of SBF models in reproducing the details of the near-IR SBF measurements of the Magellanic Cloud star clusters.
Modeling the foveal cone mosaic imaged with adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

To better understand the limitations of high-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), we describe an imaging model that examines the smallest cone photoreceptors in the fovea of normal human subjects and analyze how different factors contribute to their resolution. The model includes basic optical factors such as wavelength and pupil size, and defines limits caused by source coherence which are specific to the AOSLO imaging modality as well as foveal cone structure. The details of the model, its implications for imaging, and potential techniques to circumvent the limitations are discussed in this paper.
Protein Kinase-Regulated Inwardly Rectifying Anion and Organic Osmolyte Channels in Malaria-Infected Erythrocytes

The intraerythrocytic amplification of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum induces new pathways of solute permeability in the host cell's membrane. These pathways play a pivotal role in parasite development by supplying the parasite with nutrients, disposing of the parasite's metabolic waste and organic osmolytes, and adapting the host's electrolyte composition to the parasite's needs. During the last ten years, electrophysiological investigations strongly supported earlier evidence obtained by transport and pharmacological studies that this new permeability pathway, which is induced by the parasite in the host cell membrane, is constituted by anion-selective channels. This review surveys the evidences acquired using the patch-clamp technique and discuss the hypothesis that protein kinase A is an effector of the signalling pathway leading to the activation of endogenous channels upon infection.
Metabolic Changes in the Visual Cortex of Binocular Blindness Macaque Monkeys: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

Purpose To evaluate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in a study of cross-modal plasticity in the visual cortex of binocular blindness macaque monkeys. Materials and Methods Four healthy neonatal macaque monkeys were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 2 in each group. Optic nerve transection was performed in both monkeys in the experimental group (group B) to obtain binocular blindness. Two healthy macaque monkeys served as a control group (group A). After sixteen months post-procedure, 1H-MRS was performed in the visual cortex of all monkeys. We compared the peak areas of NAA, Cr, Cho, Glx and Ins and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, Glx/Cr and Ins/Cr of each monkey in group B with group A. Results The peak area of NAA and the NAA/Cr ratio in the visual cortex of monkey 4 in group B were found to be dramatically decreased, the peak area of NAA slightly decreased and the NAA/Cr ratio clearly decreased in visual cortex of monkey 3 in group B than those in group A. The peak area of Ins and the Ins/Cr ratio in the visual cortex of monkey 4 in group B slightly increased. The peak area of Cho and the Cho/Cr ratio in the visual cortex of all monkeys in group B dramatically increased compared with group A. The peak area of Glx in the visual cortex of all monkeys in group B slightly increased compared with group A. Conclusions 1H-MRS could detect biochemical and metabolic changes in the visual cortex and therefore this technique can be used to provide valuable information for investigating the mechanisms of cross-modal plasticity of binocular blindness in a macaque monkey model.
Constructing Secure Content-Dependent Watermarking Scheme using Homomorphic Encryption

Content-dependent watermarking (CDWM) has been proposed as a solution to overcome the potential estimation attack aiming to recover and remove the watermark from the host signal. It has also been used for the application of content authentication. In this work, we first present an analysis on why some prior work on CDWM pose potential security problems due to their inherent cryptographic weakness. With the aim of achieving cryptographic level of security, we then propose a novel CDWM scheme based on homomorphic encryption and dirty paper precoding. The general idea is to introduce a decryption module before watermark detection to create some nonlinearity and thereby inhibit conventional watermark attacks based on linear operations. We conclude this paper by bringing up some thoughts on the integration of watermarking and cryptography.
Using ProVerif to Analyze Protocols with Diffie-Hellman Exponentiation

ProVerif is one of the most successful tools for cryptographic protocol analysis. However, dealing with algebraic properties of operators such as the exclusive OR (XOR) and Diffie-Hellman exponentiation has been problematic. Recently, we have developed an approach which enables ProVerif, and related tools, to analyze a large class of protocols that employ the XOR operator. In this work, we adapt this approach to the case of Diffie-Hellman exponentiation. The core of our approach is to reduce the derivation problem for Horn theories modulo algebraic properties of Diffie-Hellman exponentiation to a purely syntactical derivation problem for Horn theories. The latter problem can then be solved by tools such as ProVerif. Our reduction works for a large class of Horn theories, allowing to model a wide range of intruder capabilities and protocols. We implemented our reduction and, in combination with ProVerif, applied it in the automatic analysis of several state-of-the-art protocols that use Diffie-Hellman exponentiation. While the general idea of our approach follows the one for XOR in our previous work, the reduction itself and the proof of soundness and completeness of our reduction are entirely different from the XOR case. Surprisingly, the reduction for Diffie-Hellman exponentiation is more efficient than the one for XOR.
Degeneration and orbits of tuples and subgroups in an Abelian group

A tuple (or subgroup) in a group is said to degenerate to another if the latter is an endomorphic image of the former. In a countable reduced abelian group, it is shown that if tuples (or finite subgroups) degenerate to each other, then they lie in the same automorphism orbit. The proof is based on techniques that were developed by Kaplansky and Mackey in order to give an elegant proof of Ulm's theorem. Similar results hold for reduced countably generated torsion modules over principal ideal domains. It is shown that the depth and the description of atoms of the resulting poset of orbits of tuples depend only on the Ulm invariants of the module in question (and not on the underlying ring). A complete description of the poset of orbits of elements in terms of the Ulm invariants of the module is given. The relationship between this description of orbits and a very different-looking one obtained by Dutta and Prasad for torsion modules of bounded order is explained.
Mathematical micro-identities: moment-to-moment positioning and learning in a fourth-grade classroom

Identity is an important tool for understanding students’ participation in mathematics lessons. Researchers usually examine identity at a macro-scale: across typical classroom activity and in students’ self-reports. However, learning occurs on a micro-scale: in moments during a lesson. To capture identity in these moments, I used positioning theory to develop a framework of micro-identity and then to examine the identities and learning of 1 fourth-grade student during 1 mathematics lesson. This study demonstrates how mathematical identities can shift in dramatic ways in response to minor changes in context so that a student might be, in one moment, engaged in an identity that undermines learning and then later engaged in an academically productive identity. These shifting micro-identities have important implications for mathematical learning, classroom contexts, and macro-identities.
The Effective Temperatures of Hot Stars. II. The Early-O Types

We derived the stellar parameters of a sample of Galactic early-O type stars by analyzing their UV and far-UV spectra from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (905-1187 Å), the International Ultraviolet Explorer, the Hubble Space Telescope STIS, and the Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (1200-2000 Å). The data have been modeled with spherical, hydrodynamic, line-blanketed, non-LTE synthetic spectra computed with the WM-BASIC code. We obtain effective temperatures ranging from Teff = 41,000 to 39,000 K for the O3-O4 dwarf stars and Teff = 37,500 K for the only supergiant of the sample (O4 If+). Our values are lower than those from previous empirical calibrations for early-O types by up to 20%. The derived luminosities of the dwarf stars are also lower by 6%-12%; however, the luminosity of the supergiant is in agreement with previous calibrations within the error bars. Our results extend the trend found for later O types in a previous work by Bianchi & Garcia.