Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Career Decision-Making Within the College Social Microcosm

The present investigation sought to examine whether the college social environment influences students’ career decision-making (CDM) processes. It was comprised of three overarching hypotheses: (1) uncertainty about one’s academic major would be devalued in the college social microcosm, (2) social exclusion would negatively impact four basic psychological needs (belonging, sense of control, social state self-esteem, and meaning in life), and in turn, (3) social exclusion along with the four needs would negatively impact career decision self-efficacy and vocational outcome expectations. Study 1 (N = 433) presented participants with two fictional student vignettes (certain about major vs. uncertain) which they were asked to rate using a series of positive personality traits. Results revealed that the vignette portraying a student certain about his or her academic major was judged significantly more positively compared to an uncertain student (d = .71). Study 2 (N = 148) experimentally manipulated social exclusion to examine its effects on the four needs and on the two CDM variables. Two types of exclusion were used (career-based and personal); both led to significantly lower levels of the four needs when compared to the career-based inclusion condition. Moreover, belonging, sense of control, and meaning in life made significant contributions to both vocational variables. Conclusions and implications are discussed.
Price Discovery in the U.S. Treasury Market: Automation vs. Intermediation

This paper examines the contribution to price discovery by electronic and voice-based trading systems in the U.S. Treasury market. Evidence shows that the electronic trading system has more price discovery and that trading automation increases the speed of incorporating information into prices. However, human trading generates significant price discovery, though its volume is low. The relative contribution of a trading system to price discovery depends on liquidity, volatility, volume, trade size, and order imbalance. The voice-based trading system contributes more to price discovery when trade size is large and liquidity is low. These findings provide important implications for the design of electronic markets for securities with different characteristics and trading environments. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Comparison of the efficacy of a forced-air warming system and circulating-water mattress on core temperature and post-anesthesia shivering in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia

Background In the present study, we compared changes in body temperature and the occurrence of shivering in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia during warming with either a forced-air warming system or a circulating-water mattress. Methods Forty-six patients were randomly assigned to either the forced-air warming system (N = 23) or circulating-water mattress (N = 23) group. Core temperature was recorded using measurements at the tympanic membrane and rectum. In addition, the incidence and intensity of post-anesthesia shivering and verbal analogue score for thermal comfort were simultaneously assessed. Results Core temperature outcomes did not differ between the groups. The incidence (13.0 vs 43.5%, P < 0.05) and intensity (20/2/1/0/0 vs 13/5/3/2/0, P < 0.05) of post-anesthesia shivering was significantly lower in the forced-air system group than in the circulating-water mattress group. Conclusions The circulating-water mattress was as effective as the forced-air warming system for maintaining body temperature. However, the forced-air warming system was superior to the circulating-water mattress in reducing the incidence of post-anesthesia shivering.
Role of Mediators in Reducing Antepartum Depressive Symptoms in Rural Low-Income Women Receiving a Culturally Tailored Cognitive Behavioral Intervention

Although cognitive behavioral interventions (CBIs) have demonstrated effectiveness for reducing depressive symptoms in the general population, the mechanism for reducing antepartum depressive symptoms (APDS) in rural low-income and minority women is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that reducing stress and negative thinking, enhancing self-esteem, and increasing social-support will mediate the effect of a CBI on reducing APDS in rural low-income and minority women. Our findings show that CBI may work through reducing stress and negative thinking and enhancing self-esteem, but not social support. The findings also suggest that mental health care providers should emphasize these activities to reduce antepartum depressive symptoms.
Optimization‐based Full Body Control for the DARPA Robotics Challenge

We describe our full body humanoid control approach developed for the simulation phase of the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC), as well as the modifications made for the DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials. We worked with the Boston Dynamics Atlas robot. Our approach was initially targeted at walking, and it consisted of two levels of optimization: a high‐level trajectory optimizer that reasons about center of mass and swing foot trajectories, and a low‐level controller that tracks those trajectories by solving floating base full body inverse dynamics using quadratic programming. This controller is capable of walking on rough terrain, and it also achieves long footsteps, fast walking speeds, and heel‐strike and toe‐off in simulation. During development of these and other whole body tasks on the physical robot, we introduced an additional optimization component in the low‐level controller, namely an inverse kinematics controller. Modeling and torque measurement errors and hardware features of the Atlas robot led us to this three‐part approach, which was applied to three tasks in the DRC Trials in December 2013.
Independent components of face images : Arepresentation for face recognitionMarian

Methods for obtaining representations of face images based on independent component analysis (ICA) are presented. A global ICA representation is compared to a global representation based on principal component analysis (PCA) for recognizing faces across changes in lighting and changes in pose. For each set of face images, a set of statistically independent source images was found through an unsupervised learning algorithm that maximized the mutual information between the input and the output of a nonlinear transformation (Bell & Sejnowski, 1995). These source images comprised the kernels for the representation. The independent component kernels gave superior class discriminability to the principal component kernels. Recognition across changes in pose with the ICA representation was 93%, compared to 87% with a PCA representation, and across changes in lighting ICA gave 100% correct recognition, compared to 90% with PCA.
Inhomogeneous parabolic equations on unbounded metric measure spaces

We study the inhomogeneous semilinear parabolic equation $$u_{t}=\Delta u+u^{p}+f(x),$$ with source term f independent of time and subject to f(x) ≥ 0 and with u(0, x) = φ(x) ≥ 0, for the very general setting of a metric measure space. By establishing Harnack-type inequalities in time t and some powerful estimates, we give sufficient conditions for non-existence, local existence and global existence of weak solutions, depending on the value of p relative to a critical exponent.
The angular momentum evolution of low-mass stars

We present a model for the evolution of surface rota- tionofstarsinthemassrangefrom0.5to1.1M,fromtheirrst appearanceintheHRdiagramasTTauristarsuptotheageofthe Sun. The model is based on 3 assumptions: i) nearly solid-body rotation, ii) pre-main sequence disk locking, iii) wind braking. The initial conditions and the calibration of the braking law are completely determined from observations. The model includes only 2 adjustable parameters: the distribution of disk lifetimes in the pre-main sequence and the velocity at which saturation of the angular momentum losses due to the stellar wind occurs. We review all the observational results, including the most recent ones, that can be used to constrain the models, as well as theoretical work that puts limits onto the parameter space. We show that the currently available distributions ofvsini for PMS, ZAMS and MS stars can be reasonably well reproduced by the model assuming solid-body rotation for stars in the mass-range from 0.5 to 1.1M. We deduce a median lifetime of 3Myr for circumstellar accretion disks around pre-main sequence stars. By an age of 20Myr, only 10% of the stars are still surrounded by disks. Stars with long disk lifetimes and low initial rota- tional velocities account for the large fraction of slow rotators (vsini20kms 1 )observedinyoungclusters.Ontheopposite, stars with short-lived disk reach the ZAMS with velocities up to 200kms 1 over the whole mass range investigated here. In agreement with other models, we nd that a mass- dependent saturation velocity for the angular momentum losses is required to account for the longer spin down timescale of lower mass stars on the zero-age main sequence. We argue that this assumption provides an alternative to the hypothesis of ra- diative core{convective envelope decoupling, which has been used in other models. Both the rapid spin down of fast rotators on the ZAMS and its mass-dependency are accounted for in the present solid-body rotation models. In particular, we show that the model predicts a distribution of rotational periods at the age of the Hyades for 0.5{1.1M stars that is in close agreement with the observations. We conclude that the observed evolution of moderate and fast rotators on the early main sequence requires physical pro- cesses that lead to the redistribution of angular momentum Send offprint requests to: J. Bouvier in stellar interiors on a timescale much shorter than evolu- tionary timescales, such as dynamical rotational instabilities, gravity waves or MHD torques. The evolution of slow rota- tors (vsini10kms 1 ), however, remains uncertain due to the currently uncomplete vsini distribution. Precise vsini measure- ments for slow rotators in young clusters, rather than upper limits, are required.
Perceived effectiveness of text vs. multimedia Location-Based Advertising messaging

The emergence of mobile communication and positioning technologies has presented advertisers and marketers with a radically innovative advertising channel: Location-Based Advertising (LBA). Despite the growing attention given to LBA, little is understood about the differential effects of text and multimedia advertising formats on the mobile consumer perceptions and behaviours. This exploratory study empirically examines the effects of multimedia advertisements vis-a-vis text-based advertisements on consumer perceptions and behaviours in a simulated LBA environment. A structural model was formulated to test their effects on consumer perceptions of entertainment, informativeness and irritation. Results show that multimedia LBA messages lead to more favourable attitude, increase the intention to use the LBA application, and have significant impact on purchase intention. Furthermore, this study indicates the role of multimedia as a double-edged sword: on the one hand, it suggests that multimedia impose a higher level of irritation; on the other hand, it suggests that multimedia enhance the informativeness and entertainment value of LBA. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Global Working Group Working Paper Series Working Paper No . 201 500 4

We document three new facts about gender differences in executive compensation. First, female executives receive lower share of incentive pay in total compensation relative to males. This difference accounts for 93% of the gender gap in total pay. Second, the compensation of female executives displays lower pay-performance sensitivity. A $1 million dollar increase in firm value generates a $17,150 increase in firm specific wealth for male executives and a $1,670 increase for females. Third, female executives’ compensation is more sensitive to bad firm performance and less sensitive to good firm performance. We find no link between firm performance and the gender of top executives. We discuss evidence on differences in preferences and the cost of managerial effort by gender and examine the resulting predictions for the structure of compensation. We consider two paradigms for the pay-setting process, the efficient contracting model and the “managerial power” or skimming view. The efficient contracting model can explain the first two facts. Only the skimming view is consistent with the third fact. This suggests that the gender differentials in executive compensation may be inefficient. ∗We thank the editors and the anonymous referee for their constructive feedback. We are also grateful to Alex Edmans, Martin Lettau, Karen Selody and seminar participants at UCSB, Wharton and the NBER for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank Mikhail Pyatigorsky for excellent research assistance. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant SES0820135 (Albanesi) and Grant SES0820127 (Olivetti). †The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. ‡Corresponding author. E-mail: stefania.albanesi@gmail.com §E-mail: olivetti@bu.edu ¶E-mail: prados@usc.edu
Romantic Love Is Associated with Enhanced Inhibitory Control in an Emotional Stop-Signal Task

Purpose: This study explored whether romantic lovers differ in emotion-related inhibitory control capacity from those who are single. Methods: 88 healthy undergraduate college students participated in the study. Half were currently in love and in a romantic relationship (love group, LG), and half were single and had never been in a romantic relationship (single group, SG). Based on duration of romantic relationship (i.e., love duration), the LG were further divided into two subgroups: “early stage love” and “longer periods of love”. All participants completed an emotional Stop Signal Task, consisting of a variety of human face stimuli displaying either sad or neutral affect. Results: Results found that relative to SG, lovers showed greater inhibitory control [shorter stop-signal reaction time (SSRT)] during negative emotion condition trials. Furthermore, in early stages of love, SSRT for negative emotion condition trials was significantly shorter compared to that in “longer periods of love” or SG individuals, with no significant differences between the two latter groups. Conclusion: Compared with individuals who were single, early stage lovers showed greater capacity for inhibiting action during presentation of negative emotional stimuli. Within a greater social context, greater inhibitory control capacity during early stages of love may be related to the successful formation of romantic relationships, particularly to the ability to persevere in goal-directed action despite negative emotional contexts such as that of sadness.
X-parameter based GaN device modeling and its application to a high-efficiency PA design

X-parameters are supersets of S-parameters and applicable to both linear and nonlinear system modeling. In this paper, a packaged 6 W Gallium Nitride (GaN) RF power transistor is modeled using load-dependent X-parameters by simulations. During the device characterization the load impedance is tuned only up to the 2nd-order harmonic. However, it proves that the model can still accurately approximate the behavior of the transistor under impedance tuning up to the 3rd-order harmonic. The simulation results preliminarily validate the concept of utilizing the X-parameter based modeling technique to decrease the complexity of a harmonic load-pull measurement setup. A high-efficiency 2 GHz power amplifier is also designed for further validation of the concept.
Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: current knowledge and future directions

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds that have accumulated in the natural environment mainly as a result of anthropogenic activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels. Interest has surrounded the occurrence and distribution of PAHs for many decadesdue to their potentially harmful effects to human health. This concern has promptedresearchers to address ways to detoxify/remove these organic compounds from the natural environment. Bioremediation is one approach that has been used to remediate contaminated land and waters, and promotes the natural attenuation of the contaminants using the in situ microbial community of the site. This review discusses the variety of fungi and bacteria that are capable of these transformations, describes the major aerobic and anaerobic breakdown pathways, and highlights some of the bioremediation technologies that are currently available.  2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Oleanolic Acid Suppresses Migration and Invasion of Malignant Glioma Cells by Inactivating MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway

Mitogen-activated protein kinases/Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway is essential for migration and invasion of malignant glioma. It is efficient to inhibit migration and invasion of glioma cells by targeting this pathway. Oleanolic acid (OA) has been well demonstrated to suppress survival, growth and angiogenesis of glioma cells. However, it is still unknown if OA affects the migration and invasion of glioma cells. We utilized U-87 MG glioma cell lines and primary glioma cells from patients to study the effect of OA on migration and invasion of glioma cells with multidisciplinary approaches. In this study, we found that OA significantly decreased the ability of glioma cells to migrate and invade. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glioma cells was also suppressed by OA treatment. Furthermore, MAPK/ERK pathway was greatly inhibited in glioma cells under OA treatment. MAPK/ERK reactivation induced by a recombinant lentiviral vector, Lv-MEK, was able to rescue the inhibitory effect of OA on migration and invasion of glioma cells. Taken together, we provided evidences that OA was a MAPK/ERK pathway-targeting anti-tumor agent. Although the concentrations we used exceeded its physiological level, OA may be used to prevent migration and invasion of glioma cells by developing its derivatives with enhanced bioactivity.
Organization of Complex Onsets and Codas in American English: Evidence for a Competitive Coupling Model

This study systematically investigates the temporal organization of American English onset and coda consonant clusters on the basis of kinematic data. Results suggest that consonants in complex onsets are organized globally with respect to the following vowel (c-center organization), while consonants in complex codas are coordinated sequentially. These results support the competitive coupling model hypothesized for complex onsets, and is also consistent with the non -competitive coupling relations assumed for codas. We also observe a difference between /l/-clusters and /s/clusters, potentially due to the particular gestural composition of American English /l/.
Joint power control and resource allocation for interference mitigation in LTE uplink systems

In this paper, we investigate power control and resource allocation for long-term evolution (LTE) uplink. We develop an efficient way to improve system performance, especially for those users at cell-edge by taking interference to and from adjacent cells into consideration. Simulation results show that the spectrum efficiency of edge users is improved by about 20% over the independent resource allocation and by about 10% over the soft frequency reuse scheme.
Using a Health Message With a Testimonial to Motivate Colon Cancer Screening

Research suggests that testimonials, or first-person narratives, influence health behavior and health-related decision making, but few studies have examined conceptual factors that may be responsible for these effects. In the current study, older adults who were due for colorectal cancer screening read a message about screening that included a testimonial from a similar other who had previously made the screening decision. We assessed participants’ identification with the testimonial character and the degree to which they found the message to be vivid. We explored associations between these factors and participants’ knowledge following the message, mood, certainty about screening, and their behavioral intentions to look for more information about screening and to have a test in the next year. In bivariate analyses, identification and vividness were both significantly, positively associated with knowledge and behavioral intentions to have screening in the next year. However, multivariate analyses revealed that only vividness remained significantly associated with knowledge and intentions to be screened.
A quantitative examination of ostensibly extrasensory experiences occurring spontaneously and in laboratory conditions

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Investigating the Functional Heterogeneity of the Default Mode Network Using Coordinate-Based Meta-Analytic Modeling

The default mode network (DMN) comprises a set of regions that exhibit ongoing, intrinsic activity in the resting state and task-related decreases in activity across a range of paradigms. However, DMN regions have also been reported as task-related increases, either independently or coactivated with other regions in the network. Cognitive subtractions and the use of low-level baseline conditions have generally masked the functional nature of these regions. Using a combination of activation likelihood estimation, which assesses statistically significant convergence of neuroimaging results, and tools distributed with the BrainMap database, we identified core regions in the DMN and examined their functional heterogeneity. Meta-analytic coactivation maps of task-related increases were independently generated for each region, which included both within-DMN and non-DMN connections. Their functional properties were assessed using behavioral domain metadata in BrainMap. These results were integrated to determine a DMN connectivity model that represents the patterns of interactions observed in task-related increases in activity across diverse tasks. Subnetwork components of this model were identified, and behavioral domain analysis of these cliques yielded discrete functional properties, demonstrating that components of the DMN are differentially specialized. Affective and perceptual cliques of the DMN were identified, as well as the cliques associated with a reduced preference for motor processing. In summary, we used advanced coordinate-based meta-analysis techniques to explicate behavior and connectivity in the default mode network; future work will involve applying this analysis strategy to other modes of brain function, such as executive function or sensorimotor systems.