Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Family of Shrinkage Adaptive-Filtering Algorithms

A family of adaptive-filtering algorithms that uses a variable step size is proposed. A variable step size is obtained by minimizing the energy of the noise-free a posteriori error signal which is obtained by using a known $L_1{\hbox{-}}L_2$ minimization formulation. Based on this methodology, a shrinkage affine projection (SHAP) algorithm, a shrinkage least-mean-squares (SHLMS) algorithm, and a shrinkage normalized least-mean-squares (SHNLMS) algorithm are proposed. The SHAP algorithm yields a significantly reduced steady-state misalignment as compared to the conventional affine projection (AP), variable-step-size AP, and set-membership AP algorithms for the same convergence speed although the improvement is achieved at the cost of an increase in the average computational effort per iteration in the amount of 11% to 14%. The SHLMS algorithm yields a significantly reduced steady-state misalignment and faster convergence as compared to the conventional LMS and variable-step-size LMS algorithms. Similarly, the SHNLMS algorithm yields a significantly reduced steady-state misalignment and faster convergence as compared to the conventional normalized least-mean-squares (NLMS) and set-membership NLMS algorithms.
Perceived Benefit of CACREP (2001) Core Curriculum Standards

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceived benefit of the core curriculum standards of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP; 2001). A total of 641 individuals, whose names were obtained from a 6% proportional randomized sample of members from the American Mental Health Counselors Association, American School Counselor Association, and Association for Counselor Education and Supervision, responded to this study. Results suggest various perceptions both within and between groups regarding the 8 CACREP core curriculum standards.
Remembering norman schwarzkopf: evidence for two distinct long-term fact learning mechanisms

Abstract We report two patients who showed distinctive and contrasting patterns of performance relating to their ability to remember new facts. A patient who sustained a missile injury to the mammillary bodies four years previously was left with a marked memory disorder. He nevertheless showed evidence of having acquired long-term factual knowledge…e.g. he accurately recalled information about Norman Schwarzkopf…in spite of severe deficits on a matched test of name-occupation learning that was administered as a standard paired-associate learning test. By contrast, a patient who suffered bilateral non-medial temporal lobe pathology 10 years previously showed the reverse pattern of performance…he could not identify names such as Norman Schwarzkopf, but he performed well on the matched name-occupation learning test. These data point to two anatomically distinct and functionally dissociable long-term fact learning mechanisms, one that is primarily subserved by limbic-diencephalic structures and one that is pr.
Unstructured Light Fields

We present a system for interactively acquiring and rendering light fields using a hand‐held commodity camera. The main challenge we address is assisting a user in achieving good coverage of the 4D domain despite the challenges of hand‐held acquisition. We define coverage by bounding reprojection error between viewpoints, which accounts for all 4 dimensions of the light field. We use this criterion together with a recent Simultaneous Localization and Mapping technique to compute a coverage map on the space of viewpoints. We provide users with real‐time feedback and direct them toward under‐sampled parts of the light field. Our system is lightweight and has allowed us to capture hundreds of light fields. We further present a new rendering algorithm that is tailored to the unstructured yet dense data we capture. Our method can achieve piecewise‐bicubic reconstruction using a triangulation of the captured viewpoints and subdivision rules applied to reconstruction weights.
Visual techniques for medical reconciliation : spatial metaphor , animated explanation , and flexible decision-making

Medication reconciliation can help prevent adverse health outcomes, but the process is nontrivial. At its core is a list reconciliation problem: take n lists, review all j items, and decide which k items to keep. That alone, however, can be mentally taxing and error-prone -especially so in the medical context, in which discrepancies of any kind may be clinically significant. Twinlist offers a fresh perspective on what an effective medication reconciliation interface could be like, leveraging animation and spatial metaphor to visually clarify, and thereby simplify, the core reconciliation problem.
Female gamete competition in an ancient angiosperm lineage

In Trimenia moorei, an extant member of the ancient angiosperm clade Austrobaileyales, we found a remarkable pattern of female gametophyte (egg-producing structure) development that strikingly resembles that of pollen tubes and their intrasexual competition within the maternal pollen tube transmitting tissues of most flowers. In contrast with most other flowering plants, in Trimenia, multiple female gametophytes are initiated at the base (chalazal end) of each ovule. Female gametophytes grow from their tips and compete over hundreds of micrometers to reach the apex of the nucellus and the site of fertilization. Here, the successful female gametophyte will mate with a pollen tube to produce an embryo and an endosperm. Moreover, the central tissue within the ovules of Trimenia, through which the embryo sacs grow, contains starch and other carbohydrates similar to the pollen tube transmitting tissues in the styles of most flowers. The pattern of female gametophyte development found in Trimenia is rare but by no means unique in angiosperms. Importantly, it seems that multiple female gametophytes are occasionally or frequently initiated in members of other ancient angiosperm lineages. The intensification of pollen tube (male gametophyte) competition and enhanced maternal selection among competing pollen tubes are considered to have been major contributors to the rise of angiosperms. Based on insights from Trimenia, we posit that prefertilization female gametophyte (egg) competition within individual ovules in addition to male gametophyte (sperm) competition and maternal mate choice may have been key features of the earliest angiosperms.
Listening and talking to women: informing the research agenda and the research process

Hearing from women in their own words about their experience of pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period is an important way of learning about their care from their point of view (Green, 2012; Rudman & Waldenström, 2007; Waldenström & Schytt, 2009). Sounds obvious? Actually, we spend a lot of time ignoring this vital perspective. In many instances, as psychologists and researchers from a wide range of other disciplines and professional groups undertaking studies, we are often preoccupied with our own preconceived ideas and hypotheses that we may miss the point about what is most important to women and their partners. Also, engaging women and their families in our research may not always be a positive experience. It can be challenging to hear what may be discouraging feedback about our much nurtured and carefully developed research projects. Taking time to listen and also to talk with women about our perspective and what it means to them will produce both positive and negative comments. Undoubtedly it is best to hear this early in the process so we can conduct research that can lead to meaningful changes in practice and that have been identified as important by all parties. In most instances, research studies can be carried out better and feedback from the participants is an important source of information, often giving us insights that from our own experience as researchers we might not have gained. The role of parents as members of user groups in priority setting is currently an active one (http:// www.lindalliance.org). Engaging with individual women directly and user groups more broadly in planning the research we wish to undertake and for which we seek funding, patient and public involvement is not only valuable, but essential. This is reflected in the growth of patient and public engagement strategies throughout the health sector and initiatives such as healthtalk.org, which produces individual interviews online that reflect people’s experiences of health-related issues including pregnancy and childbirth. These initiatives are empowering for consumers of health care and provide a wealth of information for researchers when identifying research priorities (http://www.healthtalk.org). Within the research process the benefits of pilot studies and cognitive interviews with women about the questions we are asking can be enormously informative as we have found in carrying out surveys of women who have recently given birth (Redshaw & Heikkila, 2010; Redshaw, Rowe, Hockley, & Brocklehurst, 2007). Also, regular survey work, such as the trust-based survey of the Care Quality Commission (2013) on maternity care in England, relies on women who have been interviewed or who have participated in focus groups participating and being prepared to describe their experience and feelings about their maternity care in designing and updating their survey questionnaires. The development of these
Investigation of the Structure Requirement for 5-HT6 Binding Affinity of Arylsulfonyl Derivatives: A Computational Study

5-HT6 receptor has been implicated in a series of diseases including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and cognitive dysfunctions. 5-HT6 ligands have been reported to play a significant role in the treatment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Presently, a large series of 223 5-HT6 ligands were studied using a combinational method by 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations for further improvement of potency. The optimal 3D models exhibit satisfying statistical results with r2ncv, q2 values of 0.85 and 0.50 for CoMFA, 0.81 and 0.53 for CoMSIA, respectively. Their predictive powers were validated by external test set, showing r2pred of 0.71 and 0.76. The contour maps also provide a visual representation of contributions of steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bond fields as well as the prospective binding models. In addition, the agreement between 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation proves the rationality of the developed models. These results, we hope, may be helpful in designing novel and potential 5-HT6 ligands.
The chromosome 9q subtelomere deletion syndrome

The chromosome 9q subtelomere deletion syndrome (9qSTDS) is among the first and most common clinically recognizable syndromes to arise from widespread testing by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of subtelomere deletions. There are about 50 reported cases worldwide. Affected individuals invariably have severe hypotonia with speech and gross motor delay. The facial gestalt is distinct and features absolute or relative micro‐ or brachycephaly, hypertelorism, synophrys, and/or arched eyebrows, mid‐face hypoplasia, a short nose with upturned nares, a protruding tongue with everted lower lip and down‐turned corners of the mouth. Approximately half of affected individuals have congenital heart defects (primarily ASD or VSD). A significant minority have epilepsy and/or behavioral and sleep disturbances. A variety of other major and minor eye, ear, genital, and limb anomalies have been reported. Most patients have sub‐microscopic deletions of the subtelomere region of chromosome 9q34.3 that range from <400 kb to >3 Mb. The 9qSTDS is caused by haplo‐insufficiency of EHMT1, a gene whose protein product (Eu‐HMTase1) is a histone H3 Lys 9 (H3‐K9) methyltransferase. This was established by identification of three patients with features of the syndrome and either mutations or a balanced translocation in EHMT1. H3‐K9 histone methylation is restricted to the euchromatin of mammals and functions to silence individual genes. Deletion size does not correlate with the severity of the 9qSTDS since patients with mutations in EHMT1 are as severely affected as those with submicroscopic deletions. Patients clinically suspected of having the 9qSTDS but with normal subtelomere deletion testing by FISH or MLPA should be considered for detailed 9q MLPA analysis and/or sequencing of EHMT1. EHMT1 is another example in the growing list of genes responsible for brain development that appear to play a role in chromatin remodeling. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbonyl‐Related Posttranslational Modification of Neurofilament Protein in the Neurofibrillary Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract: We present the first evidence for carbonyl‐related posttranslational modifications of neurofilaments in the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two distinct monoclonal antibodies that consistently labeled neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuropil threads, and granulovacuolar degeneration in sections of AD tissue also labeled the neurofilaments within axons of the white matter following modification by reducing sugars, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, or malondialdehyde. The epitope recognized by these two antibodies shows a strict dependency for carbonyl modification of the neurofilament heavy subunit. The in vivo occurrence of this neurofilament modification in the neurofibrillary pathology of AD suggests that carbonyl modification is associated with a generalized cytoskeletal abnormality that may be critical in the pathogenesis of neurofibrillary pathology. Furthermore, the data presented here support the idea that extensive posttranslational modifications, including oxidative stress‐type mechanisms, through the formation of cross‐links, might account for the biochemical properties of NFTs and their resistance to degradation in vivo.
A moderated mediation analysis of job demands, presenteeism, and absenteeism

Presenteeism or attending work while ill is a growing organizational problem. This study examined the association between job demands, presenteeism, and absenteeism. We tested a moderated mediation model of the effects of job demands on absenteeism with the key objective of exploring the mediation effects of presenteeism and the moderating effects of organizational justice on this relationship. Based on a sample of emergency services call centre workers ( N = 227), the research revealed that high job demands were associated with presenteeism, which in turn predicted longer absence spells. Furthermore, employee perceptions of distributive justice acted as an important mechanism through which presenteeism mediated the relationship between job demands and absenteeism. Practitioner points Organizations should be aware that work overload and strict attendance management practices can stimulate presenteeism. , Managers should recognize that presenteeism can subsequently lead to longer spells of absence. , Employee perceptions of fair outcomes minimize the deleterious effects of presenteeism on absenteeism.
A national survey of comparative criminal justice courses in universities in the United States

In recent years there has been growing interest in comparative/international criminal justice issues. Consequently, a number of scholars and professional organizations have encouraged course offerings in these areas. In this article, results are reported from a national survey carried out to determine the prevalence of courses addressing comparative criminal justice and the course content, structure and the characteristics of faculty who teach them. A questionnaire was mailed to 381 heads of four-year criminal justice programs in the United States; 169 (44%) usable returns were received from four-year institutions. The results indicated that 58 (34%) of the criminal justice programs provide some comparative/international courses. Faculty who are actively involved in these are usually at the upper ranks and have primary interests in England and Japan. Analysis of course content revealed that most emphasize writing skills and critical thinking about comparative issues, and that there appears to be a developing consensus on certain core concepts involved in the teaching of such topics.
the socioeconomic context of africa’s vulnerability to hiv/aids

although the proximate cause of africa’s aids crisis is hiv, the underlining societal causes are much broader and familiar. across the continent, poverty structures not only the contours of the pandemic but also the outcome once an individual is infected with hiv. thus, until poverty is reduced there will be little progress with either reducing transmission of the virus or creating an enhanced capacity to cope with its socioeconomic consequences. it follows that sustained human development is an essential precondition for any effective response to the pandemic in africa.
Scrotal Circumference and Its Relationship with Testicular Growth, Age, and Body Weight in Tho Tho (Bos indicus) Bulls

The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between the scrotal circumference and testicular parameters with body weight and age in Tho Tho bulls (Bos indicus), which were maintained at around the villages of National Research Centre on Mithun (ICAR), Jharnapani, Nagaland, India. A total of 32 Tho Tho bulls were selected and divided into four groups according to their age and each group consisted of 8 bulls, namely, Group I: 18–24 months (n = 8), Group II: 25–36 months (n = 8), Group III: 37–48 months (n = 8), and Group IV: 49 months and above (n = 8). The scrotal circumference and testicular parameters were measured with caliper and tape and age of animals was calculated with dental formula. The body weight of bulls was estimated with Shaeffer's formula. Result revealed that the scrotal circumference was highly correlated with testicular parameters and body weight compared to age. Compared to exotic cattle (Bos taurus), Tho Tho bull's testicular parameters and scrotal circumference were lower. The results of the present study in Tho Tho bulls revealed that scrotal circumference is a useful indicator and is an important selection criterion to determine the testicular development and breeding soundness in young bulls as it is highly correlated with tesicular parameters.
Purification of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Citrate Lyase and Cloning and Characterization of the citCDEFGGene Cluster

ABSTRACT A citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6 ) was purified 25-fold fromLeuconostoc mesenteroides and was shown to contain three subunits. The first 42 amino acids of the β subunit were identified, as well as an internal peptide sequence spanning some 20 amino acids into the α subunit. Using degenerated primers from these sequences, we amplified a 1.2-kb DNA fragment by PCR from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. This fragment was used as a probe for screening a Leuconostoc genomic bank to identify the structural genes. The 2.7-kb gene cluster encoding citrate lyase of L. mesenteroides is organized in three open reading frames, citD, citE, andcitF, encoding, respectively, the three citrate lyase subunits γ (acyl carrier protein [ACP]), β (citryl-S-ACP lyase; EC 4.1.3.34 ), and α (citrate:acetyl-ACP transferase; EC2.8.3.10 ). The gene (citC) encoding the citrate lyase ligase (EC 6.2.1.22 ) was localized in the region upstream ofcitD. Protein comparisons show similarities with the citrate lyase ligase and citrate lyase of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Downstream of the citrate lyase cluster, a 1.4-kb open reading frame encoding a 52-kDa protein was found. The deduced protein is similar to CitG of the other bacteria, and its function remains unknown. Expression of thecitCDEFG gene cluster in Escherichia coli led to the detection of a citrate lyase activity only in the presence of acetyl coenzyme A, which is a structural analog of the prosthetic group. This shows that the acetyl-ACP group of the citrate lyase form in E. coli is not complete or not linked to the protein.
Reforms to Teacher Education in Indonesia: Does More Mean Better?

Abstract In recent years, Indonesia has made serious efforts to improve the quality of its public schools through changes in teacher education. Since 1990, all new primary school teachers have had to be certified at the post‐secondary level while practising teachers have been urged to upgrade their credentials. In addition, extensive networks of in‐service training and professional support have been constructed and new civil service laws for teacher career development enacted. Unfortunately, these structural changes have generally not exerted their desired influences on the quality of teaching since they are largely undermined by a bureaucratic environmental press which does not accord high priority to educational quality. Dominated by the agenda of the bureaucratic authoritarian state, the bureaucratic environment has replaced lofty and sometimes, elaborate plans/mechanisms ("levers") for quality improvement with an emphasis on reaching quantitative targets of “deliverables”, expanding the state bureaucr.
Numerical computation of the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation

A program is described which computes Schwarz–Christoffel transformations that map the unit disk conformally onto the interior of a bounded or unbounded polygon in the complex plane. The inverse map is also computed. The computational problem is approached by setting up a nonlinear system of equations whose unknowns are essentially the “accessory parameters” $z_k $. This system is then solved with a packaged subroutine.New features of this work include the evaluation of integrals within the disk rather than along the boundary, making possible the treatment of unbounded polygons; the use of a compound form of Gauss–Jacobi quadrature to evaluate the Schwarz–Christoffel integral, making possible high accuracy at reasonable cost; and the elimination of constraints in the nonlinear system by a simple change of variables.Schwarz–Christoffel transformations may be applied to solve the Laplace and Poisson equations and related problems in two-dimensional domains with irregular or unbounded (but not curved or multiply connected) geometries. Computational examples are presented. The time required to solve the mapping problem is roughly proportional to $N^3 $, where N is the number of vertices of the polygon. A typical set of computations to 8-place accuracy with $N \leqq 10$ takes 1 to 10 seconds on an IBM 370/168.
Effects of perceptual experience on children's and adults’ perception of unfamiliar rhythms

Rhythm and meter are fundamental components of music that are universal yet also culture specific. Although simple, isochronous meters are preferred and more readily discriminated than highly complex, nonisochronous meters, moderately complex nonisochronous meters do not pose a problem for listeners who are exposed to them from a young age. The present work uses a behavioral task to examine the ease with which listeners of various ages acquire knowledge of unfamiliar metrical structures from passive exposure. We examined perception of familiar (Western) rhythms with an isochronous meter and unfamiliar (Balkan) rhythms with a nonisochronous meter. We compared discrimination by American children (5 to 11 years) and adults before and after a 2‐week period of at‐home listening to nonisochronous meter music from Bulgaria. During the first session, listeners of all ages exhibited superior discrimination of isochronous than in nonisochronous melodies. Across sessions, this asymmetry declined for young children but not for older children and adults.