Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Civic learning: moving from the apolitical to the socially just

This study examines the knowledge and skills that characterize civic learning for young people. Building on a literature review, it reports an exploratory case study with students and teachers in four secondary schools in the Ottawa, Canada region. The perspectives of researchers co‐operating with educators and students against a backdrop of provincial government curricula and secondary literature on youth citizenship engagement provide an enriched understanding of the state and potential of civic learning. It concludes that current civic learning is primarily characterized by procedural knowledge and compliant codes of behaviour that do not envelope students in collective action for systemic understandings of political issues. This study argues for renewed efforts to put social justice at the heart of student learning. To present a convincing civic educational programme, schools should prepare students to analyse power relationships, investigate the ambiguities of political issues, and embrace opportunities for social change.
A Longitudinal Study of Psychological Burnout in Teachers

This longitudinal study examined antecedents and consequences of psychological burnout among human service professionals. Antecedents of psychological burnout included individual and situational characteristics, work stressors, and measures of social support. Consequences of psychological burnout emphasized satisfaction and emotional and physical well-being variables. Participants in the study were 362 school-based educators (teachers and administrators) employed by the same school board. Respondents completed questionnaires sent to them at their schools at two points in time, 1 year apart. Regression analyses of time-lagged data replicated many empirical findings from cross-sectional studies.
Chloroquine Modulates HIV-1-Induced Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Alpha Interferon: Implication for T-Cell Activation

ABSTRACT Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) contribute to antiviral immunity mainly through recognition of microbial products and viruses via intracellular Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) or TLR9, resulting in the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Although interferons reduce the viral burden in the acute phase of infection, their role in the chronic phase is unclear. The presence of elevated plasma IFN-α levels in advanced HIV disease and its association with microbial translocation in chronic HIV infection lead us to hypothesize that IFN-α could contribute to immune activation. Blocking of IFN-α production using chloroquine, an endosomal inhibitor, was tested in a novel in vitro model system with the aim of characterizing the effects of chloroquine on HIV-1-mediated TLR signaling, IFN-α production, and T-cell activation. Our results indicate that chloroquine blocks TLR-mediated activation of pDC and MyD88 signaling, as shown by decreases in the levels of the downstream signaling molecules IRAK-4 and IRF-7 and by inhibition of IFN-α synthesis. Chloroquine decreased CD8 T-cell activation induced by aldrithiol-2-treated HIV-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. In addition to blocking pDC activation, chloroquine also blocked negative modulators of the T-cell response, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1). Our results indicate that TLR stimulation and production of IFN-α by pDC contribute to immune activation and that blocking of these pathways using chloroquine may interfere with events contributing to HIV pathogenesis. Our results suggests that a safe, well-tolerated drug such as chloroquine can be proposed as an adjuvant therapeutic candidate along with highly active antiretroviral therapy to control immune activation in HIV-1 infection.
SUBMISSIVENESS IN SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER: THE ROLE OF INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION AND EMBARRASSMENT

We examined how increases in embarrassment in response to interpersonal perceptions may account for defensive behaviors such as submissiveness in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Based on evolutionary theory and cognitive theory, we hypothesized that: (1) interpersonal perceptions indicating others' disapproval and rejection would be associated with increases in embarrassment, (2) increases in embarrassment would be related to greater submissiveness, and (3) embarrassment would partly account for the effect of these interpersonal perceptions on submissive behavior. These effects were expected to be stronger among individuals with SAD than community controls. Using an event-contingent recording methodology, 40 individuals with SAD and 40 community controls reported on their perceptions of the interaction partner's communal behavior, their own submissive behavior, and embarrassment in interactions during a 20-day period. The expected effects were found in both SAD and control groups. Compared to community con.
Measurement by the polymerase chain reaction of the Epstein‐Barr virus load in infectious mononucleosis and AIDS‐related non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) sequences in various clinical samples, especially peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and serum, was carried out and the results obtained were compared with specific EBV serology. One hundred seventy patients were enrolled in the study: 89 healthy blood donors, 22 asymptomatic patients, 36 individuals with primary EBV infection (including 19 patients with infectious mononucleosis [IM]), 22 HIV‐infected subjects (including 4 with hairy oral leukoplakia, 3 with central nervous disorders, and 15 with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma). All the serum samples from the healthy blood donors were negative, In patients with IM and in AIDS‐non Hodgkin's lymphoma (ARNHL), PCR was strongly positive in leukocytes (>2, 000 genome equivalents/l 04 cells), which was correlated with detectable amounts of EBV DNA in serum. The overall positivity rate of PCR in serum was 58.8%, 68%, and 73% of cases for non‐IM primary EBV infections, IM, and ARNHL, respectively. In two cases of EBV primary infection, the viral DNA was detected in serum, respectively 1 month and 2 months before IgM positivity and IgG rise. In one case of ARNHL followed up for several months, PCR (viral load of 2, 000 genome equivalents/104 cells) became positive concurrently with appearance of lymphoma. In immunocompromised individuals, PCR EBV, if carried out in larger prospective studies, could be considered as a tumor marker, useful for predicting EBV‐driven lymphoma and follow‐up therapy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlling Linguistic Style Aspects in Neural Language Generation

Most work on neural natural language generation (NNLG) focus on controlling the content of the generated text. We experiment with controling several stylistic aspects of the generated text, in addition to its content. The method is based on conditioned RNN language model, where the desired content as well as the stylistic parameters serve as conditioning contexts. We demonstrate the approach on the movie reviews domain and show that it is successful in generating coherent sentences corresponding to the required linguistic style and content.
Systemic Issues and Correctional Outcomes

Professional work in corrections is beset with issues ranging from conflicting justice-system goals, lack of resources, role confusion, ethical dilemmas, and an atmosphere often hostile to empirical research and program evaluation. The authors describe several systemic issues that impact the work of correctional psychologists and their effectiveness. Recognizing the critical need for evidence-based clinical practice, the authors argue, in addition, that the correctional psychologist's mission should be expanded to include macro-level systems issues. These include questions of social responses to crime, unintended consequences of correctional practice, the need for research on institutional policy, and methods for system-wide evaluation of correctional programs and settings. The authors describe the nature and scope of each issue and offer a suggested research agenda.
The Social Context of Social Loss: Interpersonal Mediators and Moderators of Emotional Adjustment to a Romantic Breakup

10 1. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE 12 Contact with Ex-Partners 13 Potential Moderators of the Contact and Adjustment Association 17 Social Support 20 The Present Study 24 2. METHOD 27 Participants 27 Study Design 28 Measures 31 Statistical Methodology 38 3. RESULTS 46 Aim 1: Examine role of specific ex-partner contact on emotional adjustment 46 Bidirectional Lead-lag Analyses 46 Aim 2: Examine Moderators and Mediators of Emotional Adjustment Post-dissolution . 50 Non-attachment Related Moderators 50 Broad and Narrow Adult Attachment Moderators 57 Mediators of the Contact and Adjustment Association 66 Perceptions of Loneliness as a Time Varying Moderator 76 Mediated Moderation: The Mediating Effects of Longing and Rumination are Moderated by Adult Attachment Style 76 Aim 3: Explore Social Support in the Context of Recovering from a Romantic Breakup . 79 Explore Invisible Support Model using Participant and Informant Reports of Social Support 79 Explore Mediation of Participant Reports of Social Support and Evaluations of Helpfulness by Informant Reported Social Support 80 Explore Participant’s Appraisal of Perceived Stress as a Mediator of Informant Provided Support and Emotional Adjustment 80 Explore adult attachment style as a moderator of association proposed in EA1, EA2 and EA3 81
In silico analysis reveals widespread presence of three gene families, MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKKK, of the MAPK cascade from crop plants of Solanaceae in comparison to the distantly-related syntenic species from Rubiaceae, coffee

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are an important family of genes which play roles in vital plant processes, and they also help in coping against various kinds of environmental stresses including abiotic as well as biotic factors. The advancement of genomics calls for the annotation, identification, and detailed processing of the essential gene families in plants in order to provide insights into the importance of their central roles as well as for providing the basis for making their growth vigorous even under stressed conditions and, ultimately, to benefit from them by foreseeing the potential threats to their growth. In the current study, MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK families of the MAPK cascade were identified and reported from five different agriculturally and economically important crop species of the Solanaceae and Rubiaceae families based on conserved signature motifs aligned throughout the members of the families under this gene superfamily. Genes reported from the species after strict filtering were: 89, tomato; 108, potato; 63, eggplant; 79, pepper; 64, coffee. These MAPKs were found to be randomly distributed throughout the genome on the chromosomes of the respective species. Various characteristics of the identified genes were studied including gene structure, gene and coding sequence length, protein length, isoelectric point, molecular weight, and subcellular localization. Moreover, maximum likelihood test of phylogeny was conducted on the retrieved sequences for the three MAPK cascade families to determine their homologous relationships which were also analyzed quantitatively by heat plots.
The Working Engines of Distinction: Discourse for Main Course in Restaurant Reviews

Through a study of a set of restaurant reviews, this article examines forms of knowledge constructed within such reviews and considers their potential effects. It examines 200 restaurant reviews published by Cuisine Magazine over a 5-year period from 2003 to 2007. We find that the reviews narrowly focus on food, wine and ambience over other categories such as service, chefs, cost/value, and owner/operator. We note that through such focus and the language used, the reviews demonstrate an extreme level of exclusion, ignoring a vast field of possible criteria for judging an establishment and experience. Furthermore, through focusing on areas that both allows and creates specialist knowledge and mutual elevation (i.e., food, wine and chef/owner worship) we argue that restaurant reviews are engaging in an escalating discourse of class distinction. Potential effects of this discourse noted include the identification that the celebration of distinction and exclusion perpetuated in the restaurant reviews analysed here stands in contrast to understandings of hospitality as inclusive practice. We suggest, and note concern that, in the attempt to create new levels of refinement and distinction, the core idea of hospitality is becoming lost.
Frequency of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and other colorectal cancer familial forms in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, nationwide study

Background Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in Western countries. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is the most common type of hereditary colorectal cancer, but its incidence remains controversial, ranging from 1 to 5%. Objective This present prospective, multicentre, nationwide study was aimed at compiling prominent epidemiological and clinical data with respect to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and other familial colorectal cancer forms in Spain, where information is lacking. Methods All patients with a de-novo diagnosis of colorectal cancer and who attended between November 2000 and October 2001 in 25 hospitals all over Spain were registered. Demographic, clinical and tumour-related characteristics of probands, and detailed family history, were obtained. Results A total of 1872 colorectal cancer patients were included. Clinical diagnosis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer was established in 46 (2.5%) patients according to the Amsterdam II criteria. Comparison between patients fulfilling either the Amsterdam I or the Amsterdam II criteria revealed no differences with respect to demographic, clinical and tumour-related characteristics. A total of 504 (27.0%) patients had a family history of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer-related neoplasm not fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria (familial colorectal cancer), while 360 (19.2%) patients fulfilled at least one of the Bethesda's criteria. Conclusion These clinicoepidemiological data provide a more accurate characterization of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and other familial colorectal cancer forms in Spain, with potential implications in preventive strategies.
Citizen engagement processes as information systems: the role of knowledge and the concept of translation quality

An important direction in recent thinking about public understanding of science and technology is embodied in the international trend within many democratic countries towards the promotion of citizen engagement. These developments entail the participation and deliberative involvement by lay publics in planning, decision-making and policy-making situations. In this paper we argue that citizen engagement exercises can usefully be understood as information systems. This characterization leads us to propose that the effectiveness by which such exercises utilize sources of knowledge—what we term their translation quality—should be adopted as a new criterion for their evaluation. We illustrate the applicability of this proposal by analyzing the GM Nation? public debate, a government-sponsored citizen engagement exercise that took place in Britain in 2002—3.
Modeling the Test-Taking Motivation Construct Through Investigation of Psychometric Properties of an Expectancy-Value-Based Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an expectancy-value-based questionnaire measuring five aspects of test-taking motivation (effort, expectancies, importance, interest, and test anxiety). The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of Swedish Grade 9 students taking a low-stakes (n = 1,047) or a high-stakes (n = 536) test. Structural equation modeling largely supported theoretical assumptions and psychometric properties were acceptable. Expectancies and importance were significant predictors of effort, and effort significantly predicted performance in both test situations. Furthermore, measurement invariance across test situations was investigated. Partial scalar invariance was obtained and latent mean comparisons showed significantly higher levels of reported test-taking motivation in the high-stakes context. The study findings suggest that the present instrument can be used in low- as well as high-stakes assessment contexts not only to get an extended knowledge of test-takers’ perceptions of tests but also to control for lack of motivation when stakes are low for test-takers.
Survey on hearing aid outcome in Switzerland: Associations with type of fitting (bilateral/unilateral), level of hearing aid signal processing, and hearing loss

Abstract The present investigation further analysed results of a previously reported survey with a large sample of hearing aid owners (4) to determine the individual and technological factors related to hearing aid outcome. In particular the associations of hearing loss, level of signal processing, and fitting type (bilateral versus unilateral fitting) with hearing aid use, satisfaction with and management of the aid were evaluated. A sub-group with symmetrical hearing loss was analysed (n = 6027). Regular use was more frequent in bilateral users and in owners of devices with more complex signal processing, but the strongest determinant of regular use was severity of hearing loss. Satisfaction was higher in the group wearing simple devices, while fitting type and degree of hearing loss had no influence on satisfaction rates. Moderate and severe hearing loss was associated more frequently with poor management of the aid than mild hearing loss. It was concluded that bilateral amplification and advanced signal processing features may contribute to successful hearing aid fitting, but the resulting differences must be considered to be relatively small. Sumario La presente investigación analiza más a fondo los resultados previamente reportados de una encuesta realizada a una muestra grande de dueños de auxiliares auditivos (4) para determinar los factores individuales y tecnológicos relacionados con el resultado de dicha adaptación. En particular, se evaluó la asociación de la hipoacusia, el nivel de procesamiento de la señal, el tipo de adaptación (bilateral versus unilateral), con el uso del auxiliar auditivo, la satisfacción y el manejo de dicho audífono. Un sub-grupo con hipoacusia simétrica fue analizado (n = 6027). El uso regular fue más frecuente en usuarios bilaterales y en dueños de dispositivos con procesamiento más complejo de la señal, pero el determinante más fuerte de uso frecuente fue la severidad de la pérdida auditiva. La satisfacción fue mayor en el grupo que usaba dispositivos simples, en tanto que el tipo de adaptación o el grado de hipoacusia no tuvieron influencia en la tasa de satisfacción. Las hipoacusias moderadas y severas se asociaron más frecuentemente con un pobre manejo del auxiliar que las pérdidas leves. Se concluyó que la amplificación bilateral y los rasgos de procesamiento avanzado de la señal pueden contribuir con una adaptación exitosa de un auxiliar auditivo, aunque las diferencias resultantes pueden considerarse relativamente pequeñas.
Field dependencies: Mediation, addiction and anxious fieldwork at the India-Bangladesh border

This paper explores the politics of dependency in researcher–assistant relationships. By doing so, it reflects on how these dynamics are always already predicated on broad personal histories and a range of emergent dependencies. Taking the politics of dependency in fieldwork seriously charts a path towards more fully understanding the quixotic production of ethnographic knowledge. Specifically, this paper reflects on the author’s relationship with Saiful (a pseudonym), who worked with the author during research at the India-Bangladesh border. Saiful was addicted to heroin. This addiction both compromised and enabled a productive research engagement in an unstable place. But Saiful’s heroin use was only one of a series of dependencies that structured our relationship and this research project. Using the lens of dependency to unpack the construction of the field and of ethnographic knowledge more broadly, this paper reflects on a range of questions, including access, anxiety, insider-outsider politics, and entanglement.
Structural Correlates of Cytoplasmic and Chloroplast Lipid Body Synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Stimulation of Lipid Body Production with Acetate Boost

ABSTRACT Light microscopy and deep-etch electron microscopy were used to visualize triacylglyceride (TAG)-filled lipid bodies (LBs) of the green eukaryotic soil alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism for biodiesel production. Cells growing in nitrogen-replete media contain small cytoplasmic lipid bodies (α-cyto-LBs) and small chloroplast plastoglobules. When starved for N, β-cyto-LB formation is massively stimulated. β-Cyto-LBs are intimately associated with both the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the outer membrane of the chloroplast envelope, suggesting a model for the active participation of both organelles in β-cyto-LB biosynthesis and packaging. When sta6 mutant cells, blocked in starch biosynthesis, are N starved, they produce β-cyto-LBs and also chloroplast LBs (cpst-LBs) that are at least 10 times larger than plastoglobules and eventually engorge the chloroplast stroma. Production of β-cyto-LBs and cpst-LBs under the conditions we used is dependent on exogenous 20 mM acetate. We propose that the greater TAG yields reported for N-starved sta6 cells can be attributed to the strain's ability to produce cpst-LBs, a capacity that is lost when the mutant is complemented by a STA6 transgene. Provision of a 20 mM acetate “boost” during N starvation generates sta6 cells that become so engorged with LBs—at the expense of cytoplasm and most organelles—that they float on water even when centrifuged. This property could be a desirable feature for algal harvesting during biodiesel production.
The role of selection in driving landscape genomic structure of the waterflea Daphnia magna

The combined analysis of neutral and adaptive genetic variation is crucial to reconstruct the processes driving population genetic structure in the wild. However, such combined analysis is challenging because of the complex interaction among neutral and selective processes in the landscape. Overcoming this level of complexity requires an unbiased search for the evidence of selection in the genomes of populations sampled from their natural habitats and the identification of demographic processes that lead to present‐day populations' genetic structure. Ecological model species with a suite of genomic tools and well‐understood ecologies are best suited to resolve this complexity and elucidate the role of selective and demographic processes in the landscape genomic structure of natural populations. Here we investigate the water flea Daphnia magna, an emerging model system in genomics and a renowned ecological model system. We infer past and recent demographic processes by contrasting patterns of local and regional neutral genetic diversity at markers with different mutation rates. We assess the role of the environment in driving genetic variation in our study system by identifying correlates between biotic and abiotic variables naturally occurring in the landscape and patterns of neutral and adaptive genetic variation. Our results indicate that selection plays a major role in determining the population genomic structure of D. magna. First, environmental selection directly impacts genetic variation at loci hitchhiking with genes under selection. Second, priority effects enhanced by local genetic adaptation (cf. monopolization) affect neutral genetic variation by reducing gene flow among populations and genetic diversity within populations.