Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coverage-based Neural Machine Translation

Attention mechanism advanced state-of-the-art neural machine translation (NMT) by jointly learning to align and translate. However, attentional NMT ignores past alignment information, which leads to over-translation and under-translation problems. In response to this problem, we maintain a coverage vector to keep track of the attention history. The coverage vector is fed to the attention model to help adjust the future attention, which guides NMT to pay more attention to the untranslated source words. Experiments show that coverage-based NMT signiﬁcantly improves both alignment and translation quality over NMT without coverage.
ShadowHands: High-Fidelity Remote Hand Gesture Visualization using a Hand Tracker

This paper presents ShadowHands - a novel technique for visualizing a remote user's hand gestures using a single depth sensor and hand tracking system. Previous work has shown that making distributed users better aware of each other's gestures facilitates remote collaboration. These systems presented virtual embodiments as a stream of raw 2D or 3D data -- this data is noisy, and requires high bandwidth and favorable camera positions. Instead, our work uses a hand tracker to capture gestures which we visualize with a high-fidelity hand model. Our system is practical, requiring only a single depth sensor placed below the screen, and can be used without per-user calibration. As we use a 3D model rather than raw data, we can augment the hand's appearance to improve saliency and aesthetics. We alpha-blend this visualization over a shared workspace, so the local user perceives the remote user's hand as if they were separated by a transparent display. We conducted an experiment to compare traditional hand embodiments with our new technique, showing a quantitative improvement in selection accuracy and qualitative improvements in feelings of mutual understanding and engagement.
Robust delay-dependent stability and stabilization of polytopic systems with time-delay and its application to flight control

This paper concerns the problem of robust stability analysis and control synthesis for a polytopic system with time-varying delays via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. By a relaxation approach with slack matrices and a descriptor model transformation, a new robust delay dependent stability criterion is expressed as a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) with less computational burden. This criterion can be employed for robust controller synthesis. The obtained stabilizability criterion is applied to design a flight controller for aircraft dynamic systems with multiple operating points. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Barkley Child Attention Scale validity and reliability study

Barkley Child Attention Scale validity and reliability study Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS) for 6to 12-year-old children. Method: This study was conducted with 291 children (of an age of 6-12 years) with a clinically normal level of intelligence and a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The structure validity of the scale was studied by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In order to evaluate the measuredependent validity of the scale, Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP-IV) parental form were used. Reliability of the scale was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale consists of two factors called “daydreaming” and “sluggish,” as is the case in its original form. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices of the scale were at an acceptable level. The correlation analysis study for the criterion-related validity study of the scale revealed that Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) had a positive correlation with ADHD-IN and internalization problems, a negative correlation with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperactivityimpulsivity (ADHD-HI), and no correlation with externalization problems. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the BCAS is 0.86 and the scale is seen to be reliable. Conclusion: It can be said that the BCAS is a valid and reliable scale that can measure sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms of 6to 12-year-old children.
Interpersonal problems amongst mental health carers: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Mental health carers are affected by the relationship with the person for whom they provide care, and these interpersonal aspects of caregiving have received limited attention. This article explores mental health carer’s experiences of interpersonal problems within their caring relationship. Qualitative methodology was used, with semi-structured interviews based on biographical narrative and Core Conflictual Relationship Theme framework. Participants were 28 adult carers of people with mental health problems. Thematic analysis identified the following themes: emotion management, aggression, avoidance, responsibility, control, communication, and role challenges. Findings indicate mental health caregivers experience a myriad of interpersonal problems and raise implications for policy and clinical practice.
On the Differential and Shared Effects of Leadership for Learning on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: A Multilevel Perspective

Purpose: Over the past years “leadership for learning” (LFL) has become popular among educational scholars. LFL refers to the idea that effective leaders demonstrate a contextually contingent mix of instructional, transformational, and shared leadership practices that may have differential effects at various organizational levels. These assumptions have rarely been investigated within a coherent empirical design. We examine the shared and differential effects of LFL on teachers’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment, which are relevant antecedents for learning, improvement, and change on all levels of a school. Method: Drawing on survey data (nteachers = 3,746, nschools = 126) from Germany and on well-established instruments like the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire or Teaching and Learning International Survey, multilevel associations of LFL and teachers’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment were explored. This was done by applying doubly latent structural equation models. Findings: Our results indicate that (1) it is statistically necessary to model perceived leadership practices as a multilevel construct, (2) shared leadership is a strong predictor of individual and shared job satisfaction and organizational commitment of teachers whereas (3) individual consideration only shows significant associations on the individual level (4) that LFL is contextually sensitive. Implications for Research and Practice: Findings make a strong case for studying LFL within a multilevel framework and also for applying complex study and analytical designs, which should take the complexity of the theoretical assumptions into consideration all the way along from questionnaire design, through the process of data collection up to the point of data analysis.
Verbal redundancy in multimedia learning: When reading helps listening

Three studies investigated whether and under what conditions the addition of on-screen text would facilitate the learning of a narrated scientific multimedia explanation. Students were presented with an explanation about the process of lightning formation in the auditory alone (nonredundant) or auditory and visual (redundant) modalities. In Experiment 1, the effects of preceding the nonredundant or redundant explanation with a corresponding animation were examined. In Experiment 2, the effects of presenting the nonredundant or redundant explanation with a simultaneous or a preceding animation were compared. In Experiment 3, environmental sounds were added to the nonredundant or redundant explanation. Learning was measured by retention, transfer, and matching tests. Students better comprehended the explanation when the words were presented auditorily and visually rather than auditorily only, provided there was no other concurrent visual material. The overall pattern of results can be explained by a dual-processing model of working memory, which has implications for the design of multimedia instruction.
On Using Twitter to Monitor Political Sentiment and Predict Election Results

The body of content available on Twitter undoubtedly contains a diverse range of political insight and commentary. But, to what extent is this representative of an electorate? Can we model political sentiment effectively enough to capture the voting intentions of a nation during an election capaign? We use the recent Irish General Election as a case study for investigating the potential to model political sentiment through mining of social media. Our approach combines sentiment analysis using supervised learning and volume-based measures. We evaluate against the conventional election polls and the final election result. We find that social analytics using both volume-based measures and sentiment analysis are predictive and wemake a number of observations related to the task of monitoring public sentiment during an election campaign, including examining a variety of sample sizes, time periods as well as methods for qualitatively exploring the underlying content.
Fully automatic computation of diagonal loading levels for robust adaptive beamforming

One of the most well-known robust adaptive beamforming approaches is diagonal loading. However, there are usually no clear guidelines on how to choose the diagonal loading level reliably. In this paper, we present algorithms that can compute the diagonal loading level fully automatically from the given data without the need of specifying any user parameters. The proposed diagonal loading algorithms use shrinkage-based covariance matrix estimates, instead of the conventional sample covariance matrix, in the standard Capon beamforming formulation. The performance of the resulting beamformers is illustrated via numerical examples and compared with other adaptive beamforming techniques.
Market Closure, Liquidity Premia, and Return Predictability

In his seminal work, Constantinides (1986) finds that transaction cost has only a second order effect on liquidity premia. In this paper, we show that incorporating the well-established time-varying return dynamics across trading and nontrading periods can produce a first order effect that is much greater than that found by the existing literature and comparable to empirical evidence. Surprisingly, the higher liquidity premium is Not from higher trading frequency, but mainly from the substantially “suboptimal” trading strategy chosen to control transaction costs. In addition, in contrast to the large literature on return predictability, we show that return predictability is not important in the presence of even small transaction costs. Furthermore, our model predicts that trading volume is greater at market close and market open than the rest of trading times. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D11, D91, G11, C61.
Fast Global Motion Estimation via Modified ILSE Method

This paper presents a Modified ILSE technique for gl obal motion estimation where Gradient Threshol ding ( GT) is used to anal y z e and preprocess the image bl ocks before motion estimation. By means of GT, treacherous bl ocks that are more l ikel y to produce inaccurate motion estimations are identified at the beginning and discarded from the fol l owing process. So, the computational cost is reduced to a great extent comparing to the traditional method. Furthermore, a method for the sel ection of threshol d is al so presented which adapt the threshol d to different ty pes of images. The presented method has been tested on a variety of image sequences, and experimental resul ts il l ustrate its promising performance.
Joint Entropy Coding and Encryption using Robust Chaos

We propose a framework for joint entropy coding and encryption using Chaotic maps. We begin by observing that the message symbols can be treated as the symbolic sequence of a discrete dynamical system. For an appropriate choice of the dynamical system, we could back-iterate and encode the message as the initial condition of the dynamical system. We show that such an encoding achieves Shannon's entropy and hence optimal for compression. It turns out that the appropriate discrete dynamical system to achieve optimality is the piecewise-linear Generalized Luroth Series (GLS) and further that such an entropy coding technique is exactly equivalent to the popular Arithmetic Coding algorithm. GLS is a generalization of Arithmetic Coding with different modes of operation. GLS preserves the Lebesgue measure and is ergodic. We show that these properties of GLS enable a framework for joint compression and encryption and thus give a justification of the recent work of Grangetto et al. and Wen et al. Both these methods have the obvious disadvantage of the key length being equal to the message length for strong security. We derive measure preserving piece-wise non-linear GLS (nGLS) and their skewed cousins, which exhibit Robust Chaos. We propose a joint entropy coding and encryption framework using skewed-nGLS and demonstrate Shannon's desired sensitivity to the key parameter. Potentially, our method could improve the security and key efficiency over Grangetto's method while still maintaining the total compression ratio. This is a new area of research with promising applications in communications.
What makes a responsible leader? - An empirical analysis of how personality characteristics affect leadership behaviour

This master’s thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion on responsible leadership and its antecedents by empirically analysing the relationship between various traits and responsible leadership effectiveness. In a quantitative experimental research study, the participants (62 men and 32 women) first filled out an online survey assessing their gender, age, and major field of study as well as their score in the personality dimensions honesty-humility, openness to experience, empathic concern, perspective taking, and holism. Afterwards, their second-to-fourth digit ratio was measured, and men had the option of providing a saliva sample which was used to determine their testosterone level. Finally, the participants’ performance in the leadership roles professional, facilitator, citizen, idea-provider, and total was assessed with a think-aloud protocol. By performing a multiple linear regression analysis, I found that empathic concern positively influences the roles facilitator and total, holism the role citizen, and perspective taking the role idea-provider. I also found that men and psychology students are less likely to perform well in the role idea-provider and that openness to experience negatively affects facilitator. This master’s thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion on responsible leadership and its antecedents by empirically analysing the relationship between various traits and responsible leadership effectiveness. In a quantitative experimental research study, the participants (62 men and 32 women) first filled out an online survey assessing their gender, age, and major field of study as well as their score in the personality dimensions honesty-humility, openness to experience, empathic concern, perspective taking, and holism. Afterwards, their second-to-fourth digit ratio was measured, and men had the option of providing a saliva sample which was used to determine their testosterone level. Finally, the participants’ performance in the leadership roles professional, facilitator, citizen, idea-provider, and total was assessed with a think-aloud protocol. By performing a multiple linear regression analysis, I found that empathic concern positively influences the roles facilitator and total, holism the role citizen, and perspective taking the role idea-provider. I also found that men and psychology students are less likely to perform well in the role idea-provider and that openness to experience negatively affects facilitator. Keywords: Responsible leadership, Ethical leadership, Corporate social responsibility, Stakeholder approach, Personalitycharacteristics
Pilot contamination precoding in multi-cell large scale antenna systems

An LSAS entails a large number (tens or hundreds) of base station antennas serving a much smaller number of terminals, with large gains in spectral-efficiency and energy-efficiency compared with conventional MIMO technology. Until recently it was believed that in multi-cellular LSAS, even in the asymptotic regime, as the number of service antennas tends to infinity, the performance is limited by directed inter-cellular interference. The interference results from unavoidable re-use of reverse-link pilot sequences (pilot contamination) by terminals in different cells. We devise a new concept that leads to the effective elimination of inter-cell interference in TDD LSAS systems. This is achieved by outer multi-cellular pre-coding, which we call pilot contamination pre-coding (PCP). The main idea of PCP is that each base station linearly combines messages aimed to terminals from different cells that re-use the same pilot sequence. Crucially, the combining coefficients depend only on the slow-fading coefficients between the terminals and the base stations. Each base station independently transmits its PCP-combined symbols using conventional linear pre-coding that is based on estimated fast-fading coefficients. Further we derive estimates for SINRs and a capacity lower bound for the case of LSASs with PCP and finite number of antennas M.
Lifestyle Behaviors of African American Breast Cancer Survivors: A Sisters Network, Inc. Study

Introduction African American breast cancer survivors experience poor cancer outcomes that may, in part, be remedied by healthy lifestyle choices. Few studies have evaluated the health and lifestyle behaviors of this population. The purpose of this study was to characterize the health and lifestyle habits of African American breast cancer survivors and evaluate the socio-demographic and medical correlates of these behaviors. Methods A total of 470 African American breast cancer survivors (mean age = 54 years) participated in an online survey. All participants completed measures assessing medical and demographic characteristics, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Chi-square tests for association, nonparametric tests, and logistic regression models were used to assess associations. All statistical tests were two sided. Results Almost half (47%) of the women met the current guidelines for physical activity, almost half (47%) were obese, and many reported having high blood pressure (53%) or diabetes (21%). The prevalence of high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol increased by age (P<0.001), and obese women had a higher prevalence of high blood pressure (63% vs. 44%) and diabetes (21% vs. 12%) than did non-obese women (all P<0.05). Obese women participated in significantly fewer total minutes of physical activity per week (100 minutes/week) than did non-obese women (150 minutes/week; P<0.05). The number of comorbid conditions was associated with increased odds for physical inactivity (odds ratio = 1.40) and obesity (odds ratio = 2.22). Conclusion Many African American breast cancer survivors had chronic conditions that may be exacerbated by poor lifestyle choices. Our results also provide evidence that healthy lifestyle interventions among obese African American breast cancer survivors are urgently needed.
EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUALLY STRUCTURED TRUNK TRAINING ON BODY FUNCTION AND STRUCTURES IN CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY: A STRATIFIED RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of trunk training on body function and structures of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Children included in this study were classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and divided into two groups by stratified randomization based on their GMFCS levels and ages. A total of 36 children with bilateral spastic CP were recruited for this study, and 19 children (4 females, 15 males, age=8.81±3.92 years) were included in the trunk training group, and 17 children (6 females, 11 males, age=10.44±4.63 years) were included in the control group. Muscle tone of upper and lower extremity muscles was assessed using the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), and muscle activation of the trunk muscles was assessed using Surface Electromyography during rest (sEMG minimum) and forward reaching (sEMG maximum) at baseline and after an eight-week intervention. Results: When the therapy-induced changes were considered, it was seen that there was no difference in muscle tone in both groups (p>0.05). The sEMG maximum scores for erector spinae muscles (p=0.025 for right and p=0.006 for left) improved in the trunk training group. There was no change in the sEMG scores of lumbar multifidus, M. rectus abdominis, internal oblique-transversus abdominis, external oblique, and M. gluteus maximus muscles (p>0.05). Conclusion: Individually-structured trunk training is a promising method to increase activation of trunk extensors. This intervention can be used safely without the risk of increasing muscle tone of upper and lower extremities in children with CP.
The athletic labour of femininity: The branding and consumption of global celebrity sportswomen on Instagram

This article explores the relationship between consumer culture, female athletic representation and online fan engagement on the photograph-based social media platform Instagram. It argues that social media interaction between female athletes and fans is governed by gender norms and arrangements that expect and reward female athletic articulations of empowerment, entrepreneurialism and individualisation in the context of postfeminism and consumer self-fashioning. Examining the Instagram feeds of five global sport stars, this study demonstrates that the feedback of fans and followers plays a critical role in influencing the gendered work undertaken by female athletes to present an appealing consumer ‘brand’, according to the desires of the market. We propose a new conceptual framework – the athletic labour of femininity – to understand the ways in which elite sportswomen cultivate an authentic brand in the sports marketplace. More than a type of ‘bodywork’, the athletic labour of femininity responds to consumer expectations that women demonstrate a successful feminine subjectivity characterised by notions of personal choice, individual responsibility and self-management. It takes the form of emphasising empowered femininity, celebrating hetero-sexiness and revealing personal intimacies as part of crafting a feminine sporting persona which draws online comment and likes from followers and fans. By focusing on the role online fan interaction plays in shaping the athletic labour of femininity, this research advances existing studies of how representations of sportswomen are produced and consumed by paying particular attention to the social conditions influencing how sportswomen represent the self online and the gender power relations that serve to govern expressions of desirable athletic femininity.