Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ordering Behavior in Retail Stores and Implications for Automated Replenishment

Retail store managers may not follow order advices generated by an automated inventory replenishment system if their incentives differ from the cost-minimization objective of the system or if they perceive the system to be suboptimal. We study the ordering behavior of retail store managers in a supermarket chain to characterize such deviations in ordering behavior, investigate their potential drivers, and thereby devise a method to improve automated replenishment systems. Using orders, shipments, and point-of-sale data for 19,417 item--store combinations over five stores, we show that (i) store managers consistently modify automated order advices by advancing orders from peak to nonpeak days, and (ii) this behavior is explained significantly by product characteristics such as case pack size relative to average demand per item, net shelf space, product variety, demand uncertainty, and seasonality error. Our regression results suggest that store managers improve upon the automated replenishment system by incorporating two ignored factors: in-store handling costs and sales improvement potential through better in-stock. Based on these results, we construct a method to modify automated order advices by learning from the behavior of store managers. Motivated by the management coefficients theory, our method is efficient to implement and outperforms store managers by achieving a more balanced handling workload with similar average days of inventory.
A hybrid EOG-P300 BCI with dual monitors

P300 brain computer interface (BCI) is one of the most widely studied BCI paradigm. It detects the specific wave form, produced in response to task-relevant stimuli. In visual stimulus based P300 BCI system, the subjects select the target item by gazing at it. With regarding that the accompanying eye movements to change a gazing object can evoke the electrooculography (EOG) responses, P300-based BCI and EOG-based gaze tracking system can be beneficially integrated to improve the performance. Based on this idea, we investigate novel hybrid EOG-P300 BCI system with dual monitors. From the ordinary P300 interface, we split the menu items into dual monitors. The system analyzes EOG signals to find which monitor was focused by the subjects, then in the monitor, the P300 system identifies the item focused by the subjects. With reducing the number of items in a screen, we can reduce by almost half the time required to select a single item. To evaluate our hybrid P300 system, we computed classification accuracy and practical bit rate (PBR), and the system was compared with the conventional P300 system. The hybrid system scored classification accuracy of 80% and 0.5556 PBR. When we compared the hybrid BCI with the ordinary P300 BCI, the classification accuracies of the systems were almost same that is p-value between two groups of accuracies was estimated to be 0.3217 by one tailed t-test. In PBR, the hybrid BCI showed 70% higher PBR than the conventional P300 BCI. These evaluation results proved possibility of the hybrid BCI for practical use with high speed and reliability.
Selecting calibration waveforms for power analyzers and meters under nonsinusoidal conditions

It is well known that power systems contain a great variety of distorted current, I, and voltage, V, waveforms. At present there is not a preferred set of test waveforms for the calibration of power analyzers (PA) and power meters (PM) under nonsinusoidal conditions. This paper proposes criteria for the selection of I and V waveforms that are likely to maximize the instrumentation errors in the measurement of I and V harmonics and power. The suggested waveforms make it possible to test both the dynamic range and the sampling synchronization mechanism of the PA. Errors exceeding 10% have been observed when calibrating a precision PA using these waveforms.
A study of a magnetospheric substorm recorded by the Viking auroral imager

A substorm, recorded at 80 second time resolution in images from the Viking auroral imager, has been studied using data from ground observations, from a geosynchronous satellite and from ISEE 1 in the magnetotail plasma sheet. Substorm onset, marked by negative bays at the ground, particle injection at synchronous orbit and plasma sheet dropout at ISEE 1, appeared to produce only local brightening of the night side oval. A rapid poleward expansion of the auroras twenty minutes later was accompanied by a major reduction of tail energy density and swelling of the inner plasma sheet. Recovery, 15 minutes later, of auroral zone bays and the plasma sheet was accompanied by fading of the equatorward auroras that left a bright poleward arc as the primary auroral emission.
Character Varieties

We study properties of irreducible and completely reducible representations of finitely generated groups Gamma into reductive algebraic groups G in in the context of the geometric invariant theory of the G-action on Hom(Gamma,G) by conjugation. In particular, we study properties of character varieties, X_G(Gamma)=Hom(Gamma,G)//G. We describe the tangent spaces to X_G(Gamma) in terms of first cohomology groups of Gamma with twisted coefficients, generalizing the well known formula. Let M be an orientable 3-manifold with a connected boundary F of genus>1 and let X_G^g(F) be the subset of the G -character variety of F composed of conjugacy classes of good representations. By a theorem of Goldman, X_G^g(F) is a holomorphic symplectic manifold. We prove that the set of good G-representations of pi_1(F) which extend to representations of pi_1(M) is an isotropic submanifold of X_G^g(F). If these representations correspond to reduced points of the G-character variety of M then this submanifold is Lagrangian.
The Kidney and adrenal Gland of The african Palm Squirrel Epixerus ebii: a microanatomical observation

Abstract The kidneys and adrenal glands of the African palm Squirrel ( Epixerus ebii ), were subjected to histological and mucin histochemical studies. The kidney was covered by a capsule of periodic acid of shiff (PAS) positive connective tissue fibres. The kidney parenchyma was composed of large peripheral cortex and smaller centrally placed medulla. The cortex contained renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules and juxtaglomerullar complex. At the hilus, the renal artery and vein, ureters, and nerve fibres were surrounded by adipose tissue. The renal medullar was composed of Henles’ loop and collecting ducts. The adrenal gland cortex contained zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate and zona reticulata. The zona fasciculata was the largest of the zones containing polyhedrally shaped cells with less basophilic nuclei and very foamy cytoplasm. Some cells of zona fasciculate were binucleated. The adrenal medulla contained mostly glandular cells, few ganglion cells and capillaries. This study establishes that the organs investigated are typical of mammals. It will fill the knowledge gap, help wildlife clinicians in disease diagnosis of these organs in this species. Resumen Los rinones y las glandulas adrenales de la ardilla de la Palma Africana ( Epixerus ebii ) fueron objeto de estudios histologicos y de estudios histoquimicos con mucina. El rinon estaba cubierto por una capsula de fibras de tejido conectivo que resultaron positivas a la coloracion con acido peryodico de Schiff (PAS). El parenquima renal estaba constituido por una gran corteza periferica y una medula mas pequena, ubicada centralmente. La corteza contenia el corpusculo renal, los tubulos contorneados proximales, los tubulos contorneados distales y un complejo yuxtaglomerular. A nivel del hilio del organo, la arteria y vena renales, los ureteres y las fibras nerviosas estaban rodeados de tejido adiposo. La medula renal estaba compuesta por el asa de Henle y los tubulos colectores. La corteza de la glandula adrenal contenia las zonas glomerular, fasciculada y reticular. La zona fasciculada era la mayor de las tres y contenia celulas con forma poliedrica con nucleos menos basofilicos y citoplasma muy esponjoso. Algunas celulas de la zona fasciculada eran binucleadas. La medula adrenal contenia principalmente celulas glandulares y pocas celulas ganglionares y capilares. Los resultados de este estudio establecieron que los organos investigados son tipicos de los mamiferos. Esta investigacion llenara la brecha de conocimiento existente y ayudara a los clinicos de fauna silvestre en el diagnostico de enfermedades de estos organos en esta especies.
Adaptive Block-Level Resource Allocation in OFDMA Networks

In this paper, we investigate adaptive resource allocation in downlink transmission of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) networks. A block-level resource allocation scheme is developed to maximize the overall throughput of the networks. We focus on application in long term evolution (LTE) systems where all resource blocks (RB's) allocated to the same user must use the same modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The complexity of such optimization problem is usually high. In order to reduce the complexity, we divide the original optimization problem into two suboptimal ones. We first allocate appropriate RB's to users with the best channel quality and then perform power allocation. Finally, a more effective MCS is selected, which not only ensures block-error rate (BLER) performance of RB with the poor channel condition but also makes full use of the RB's with good channel condition. Simulation results show that the proposed resource allocation scheme can improve the overall throughput of the network by 20% compared with the existing scheme when the number of users is 4 and SINR = 10 dB.
Reconstruction of a flash flood with large wood transport and its influence on hazard patterns in an ungauged mountain basin

The reconstruction of past flash floods in ungauged basins leads to a high level of uncertainty, which increases if other processes are involved such as the transport of large wood material. An important flash flood occurred in 1997 in Venero Claro (Central Spain), causing significant economic losses. The wood material clogged bridge sections, raising the water level upstream. The aim of this study was to reconstruct this event, analysing the influence of woody debris transport on the flood hazard pattern. Because the reach in question was affected by backwater effects due to bridge clogging, using only high water mark or palaeostage indicators may overestimate discharges, and so other methods are required to estimate peak flows. Therefore, the peak discharge was estimated (123 ± 18 m3 s–1) using indirect methods, but one‐dimensional hydraulic simulation was also used to validate these indirect estimates through an iterative process (127 ± 33 m3 s–1) and reconstruct the bridge obstruction to obtain the blockage ratio during the 1997 event (~48%) and the bridge clogging curves. Rainfall–Runoff modelling with stochastic simulation of different rainfall field configurations also helped to confirm that a peak discharge greater than 150 m3 s–1 is very unlikely to occur and that the estimated discharge range is consistent with the estimated rainfall amount (233 ± 27 mm).
Antioxidant Action and Therapeutic Efficacy of Allium sativum L.

Allium sativum (L.) is rich in antioxidants which help destroy free radicals particles that can damage cell membranes and DNA, and may contribute to the aging process as well as the development of a number of conditions, including heart disease and cancer. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals and may reduce or even help prevent some of the damage they cause over time. The antioxidant activity of fresh Allium sativum L. (garlic) is well known and is mainly due to unstable and irritating organosulphur compounds. Fresh garlic extracted over a prolonged period (up to 20 months) produces odourless aged garlic extract (AGE) containing stable and water soluble organosulphur compounds that prevent oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals. The aim of this review was to understand the mechanism of antioxidant action and therapeutic efficacy of garlic.
How to relate body wave and surface wave anisotropy

Seismic anisotropy is one of the most efficient geological and geodynamical tools for understanding the dynamics of the Earth. Upper mantle anisotropy is evident in seismic data sets for the last 30 years primarily from surface wave dispersion curves and body wave SKS data. We demonstrate in this paper that surface wave and body wave derived anisotropy can be explained by the same anisotropic parameters (L, Gc, Gs) in the simplest case of a horizontal fast symmetry axis. One application of this method is to display the SKS delay time and the corresponding azimuth, which can be derived from surface wave global (with a lateral resolution of around 2000 km) and regional (lateral resolution of 350 km) anisotropy tomography. A global-scale comparison is disappointing since there are only a few areas where both data types are correctly retrieved at the same spatial scale (same lateral resolution). The anisotropy is well resolved in oceanic basins from surface waves, whereas most measurements of SKS splitting are available below continents. However, there is a good agreement between surface wave and body wave anisotropy in regions where large-scale processes (primarily tectonic) are taking place, such as the western United States and in central Asia. In particular, we show that, at high frequency (> 1Hz), the observed SKS delay time and azimuth depend on the order in which S waves propagate through the layers. A comparison between synthetic and observed SKS phases in central Asia highlights the varying sensitivity of SKS waves at depth. We can obtain a good correlation between synthetic and observed SKS by considering anisotropy only between 80 and 200 km depth in the tomographic model, rather than in the entire upper mantle. However, it is more difficult to explain the discrepancy between synthetic and observed SKS under the eastern United States, where a large-scale coherent SKS anisotropy is present. Such results call for more sophisticated SKS waveform modeling and for enhanced lateral resolution in anisotropic tomographic models.
A chemo-poro-mechanical model for sequestration of carbon dioxide in coalbeds

To reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, it is proposed to inject anthropogenic carbon dioxide into deep geological formations. Deep, unmineable coalbeds are considered to be a possible carbon dioxide repository because coal is able to adsorb a large amount of carbon dioxide inside its microporous structure. However, the response of coalbeds is complex because of coupling between the flow and mechanical responses. Injection of carbon dioxide causes coal to swell, which leads to reductions in permeability and hence makes injection more difficult, and at the same time leads to changes in the mechanical properties that can affect the stress state in the coal and overlying strata. Apart from the influence of swelling on permeability, the chemo-mechanical aspects of carbon dioxide sequestration in coalbeds have been little studied. In this paper, the results of a series of triaxial tests on a bituminous coal are presented that show a reduction in elastic modulus as a result of carbon dioxide adsorption. Using these experimental results, a linear relationship between the reduction in elastic modulus and the amount of adsorbed gas was found. This relationship, in conjunction with a dual-porosity model, has been employed to simulate the hydromechanical response of a coal bed to carbon dioxide injection. The results of the numerical simulation show that the softening of the coal can change the permeability and stresses in the coal, and suggest that considering the softening effect is crucial for accurate assessment of the performance and safety of carbon dioxide storage in coalbeds.
Analysis of Chattering in Systems With Second-Order Sliding Modes

A systematic approach to the chattering analysis in systems with second-order sliding modes is developed. The neglected actuator dynamics is considered to be the main cause of chattering in real systems. The magnitude of oscillations in nonlinear systems with unmodeled fast nonlinear actuators driven by second-order sliding-mode control generalized suboptimal (2-SMC G-SO) algorithms is evaluated. Sufficient conditions for the existence of orbitally stable periodic motions are found in terms of the properties of corresponding Poincare maps. For linear systems driven by 2-SMC G-SO algorithms, analysis tools based on the frequency-domain methods are developed. The first of these techniques is based on the describing function method and provides for a simple approximate approach to evaluate the frequency and the amplitude of possible periodic motions. The second technique represents a modified Tsypkin's method and provides for a relatively simple, theoretically exact, approach to evaluate the periodic motion parameters. Examples of analysis and simulation results are given throughout this paper.
Characterization and Antimicrobial Property of Poly(Acrylic Acid) Nanogel Containing Silver Particle Prepared by Electron Beam

In this study, we developed a one step process to synthesize nanogel containing silver nanoparticles involving electron beam irradiation. Water-soluble silver nitrate powder is dissolved in the distilled water and then poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) and hexane are put into this silver nitrate solution. These samples are irradiated by an electron beam to make the PAAc nanogels containing silver nanoparticles (Ag/PAAc nanogels). The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, the particle size and zeta-potential were confirmed by a particle size analyzer (PSA). The antibacterial properties of the nanogels were evaluated by paper diffusion test. The Ag/PAAc nanogels had an antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The nanogels also demonstrated a good healing effect against diabetic ulcer. The size of the Ag/PAAc nanogels decreased with increasing irradiation doses, and the absolute value of the zeta potential increased with increasing irradiation doses. Also, the Ag/PAAc nanogels exhibited good antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In in vivo wound healing, the Ag/PAAc nanogels have a good healing effect.
Evidence For Precursory Changes In the Frequency‐Magnitude B‐Value

Summary. A clear case has been established for a significant increase in the slope of the frequency-magnitude relation for periods of up to six years before a number of earthquakes in New Zealand and California. In a region of about 200 km diameter in central New Zealand the b-value increased from near unity to more than 2.0 at the end of 1968, and remained abnormally high until the beginning of 1975. An earthquake of magnitude 6.0 followed in 1977 January, within 50 km of the location which had registered the highest b-value. The anomaly was detected in contour maps of b-values windowed in space and time, then resolved more precisely in time using the CUSUM technique. It was statistically significant at a level higher than 99.99 per cent. Compared with the average rate of moment release in this region, there was a deficit of 1.3 x 10'*Nm during the anomalous period, which is equivalent to an earthquake of magnitude 6.08. This phenomenon of a high b-value has been found before all shallow New Zealand earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or more since 1965, wherever the seismicity rate and detection threshold were adequate to resolve it. Further, the only statistically significant occurrences of high b-value were those which were followed by large earthquakes, two of magnitude 6.8 and 6.0 and a swarm of equivalent magnitude 5.3. The phenomenon has also been found before the San Fernando and Coalinga earthquakes in California, both of which were thrust events, but it is not apparent before two large Californian earthquakes with strike-slip mechanisms. Observations of high b-value are consistent with reported instances of quiescence in background seismicity. In fact, what has been interpreted as quiescence may probably be more accurately described as a localized high b-value. The duration of the anomaly is not a simple function of magnitude. Different strain rates in the regions examined may account for this. The available data suggest that careful monitoring of the b-value may provide a tool for medium-term earthquake prediction, although perhaps not in all tectonic environments.
On the Steady-State Solution of the M/C2(a, b)/s Queueing System

This study solves the bulk queueing system M / C 2 ( a , b )/ s with Poisson arrivals and service time pdf of Coxian-2 type. When a server becomes free a group of customers of size at most b can be served. The server is not allowed to process a group of size less than a , 1 (le) a (le) b . Using the generalized method of stages, an explicit form is found for the probabilities of states with all servers busy and then through a recursive structure the problem is reduced to a linear system of s + 1 equations with s + 1 unknowns. An O ( as 3 ) algorithm is proposed. Closed form expressions for the waiting-time, idle-servers and service-batch distributions are derived.
Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in milk, meat and foodstuff of animal origin and the phenotype of antibiotic resistance of isolated strains

In 2000–2002 samples of raw materials (milk and beef, 518 samples), ready-to-cook foods and final products from milk (30 and 200 samples) and from meat (105 and 110 samples) and swabs from surfaces in two meat-processing plants (41 samples) were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). 70 isolates were tested using the standard microdilution method for the susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial drugs, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) characteristics (MICm, MIC50, MIC90) were determined. L. monocytogenes was isolated from raw milk samples (15 samples). It was not isolated from any of the semi-finished and final milk products except for one sample of pasteurized milk. Furthermore L. monocytogenes was isolated from samples of raw beef, meat emulsion, fermented dry meat products and from swabs from production equipment. In vitro testing of susceptibility showed the considerable effectiveness of examined antimicrobial substances with streptomycin and norfloxacin being least effective (MICm = 4 μg/ml). Apart from the intermediate resistance (MIC = 1–2 μg/ml) and resistance (MIC = 4 μg/ml) to clindamycin (37 and 5 strains, respectively), all strains were susceptible to the tested substances. While the presence of L. monocytogenes in foodstuffs, in particular, are serious, current tests of susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates indicate low probability untreatable infections as a result of resistant strains from foods or transfer of resistance to other microorganisms in the Czech Republic.