Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual separation in mobile multi-display environments

Projector phones, handheld game consoles and many other mobile devices increasingly include more than one display, and therefore present a new breed of mobile Multi-Display Environments (MDEs) to users. Existing studies illustrate the effects of visual separation between displays in MDEs and suggest interaction techniques that mitigate these effects. Currently, mobile devices with heterogeneous displays such as projector phones are often designed without reference to visual separation issues; therefore it is critical to establish whether concerns and opportunities raised in the existing MDE literature apply to the emerging category of Mobile MDEs (MMDEs). This paper investigates the effects of visual separation in the context of MMDEs and contrasts these with fixed MDE results, and explores design factors for Mobile MDEs. Our study uses a novel eye-tracking methodology for measuring switches in visual context between displays and identifies that MMDEs offer increased design flexibility over traditional MDEs in terms of visual separation. We discuss these results and identify several design implications.
Large-scale and synoptic meteorology in the south-east Pacific during the observations campaign VOCALS-REx in austral Spring 2008

Abstract. We present a descriptive overview of the meteorology in the south eastern subtropical Pacific (SEP) during the VOCALS-REx intensive observations campaign which was carried out between October and November 2008. Mainly based on data from operational analyses, forecasts, reanalysis, and satellite observations, we focus on spatio-temporal scales from synoptic to planetary. A climatological context is given within which the specific conditions observed during the campaign are placed, with particular reference to the relationships between the large-scale and the regional circulations. The mean circulations associated with the diurnal breeze systems are also discussed. We then provide a summary of the day-to-day synoptic-scale circulation, air-parcel trajectories, and cloud cover in the SEP during VOCALS-REx. Three meteorologically distinct periods of time are identified and the large-scale causes for their different character are discussed. The first period was characterised by significant variability associated with synoptic-scale systems interesting the SEP; while the two subsequent phases were affected by planetary-scale disturbances with a slower evolution. The changes between initial and later periods can be partly explained from the regular march of the annual cycle, but contributions from subseasonal variability and its teleconnections were important. Across the whole of the two months under consideration we find a significant correlation between the depth of the inversion-capped marine boundary layer (MBL) and the amount of low cloud in the area of study. We discuss this correlation and argue that at least as a crude approximation a typical scaling may be applied relating MBL and cloud properties with the large-scale parameters of SSTs and tropospheric temperatures. These results are consistent with previously found empirical relationships involving lower-tropospheric stability.
Diffusivity of rocks: Gas diffusion measurements and correlation to porosity and pore size distribution

Diffusivity was measured for 12 rock and construction material samples using a diffusion chamber method with oxygen as the tracer gas. Several steps were implemented to minimize leakage between the sample and the core holder, and rigorous tests were performed to evaluate and correct the overall leakage of the diffusion apparatus. This method was proven capable of rapidly measuring the diffusion coefficient for consolidated samples having dimensionless diffusivity values greater than 4.7 × 10−4 in a relative short duration (hours to 1 day). Gas diffusion measurements were also conducted for 11 repacked sediments and sands. Our results are consistent with literature data from liquid tracer through‐diffusion methods; the diffusivity versus porosity relationship for our data can be described by Archie's law. The m value in Archie's law was found to be correlated to pore size: the finer the pore size is, the larger the m value is. A linear regression equation can describe the change of m with ln d50 (the volumetric mean pore diameter) for most rocks with d50 < 1.3 μm, while the outliers can be correlated to narrower pore size distribution.
Anatomy of a Market Failure: NYSE Trading Suspensions (1974-1988)

A cross-sectional analysis of all trading suspensions that occurred during the period 1974-1988 in the New York Stock Exchange reveals that though the desire to maintain price continuity remains an important motivation to suspend trade, inventory imbalance fears are pronounced for large firms. Adverse selection concerns afflict all news related suspensions irrespective of firm size. Further, we find substitutability amongst the various dimensions of liquidity: while large cap stocks have lower bid-ask spreads, they halt more often. A time-series analysis shows that the resiliency of the exchange -- its ability to absorb severe volatility shocks -- has improved in this period.
What Self-Aspects Appear Significant When Identity Is in Danger? Motives Crucial Under Identity Threat

Identity construction is guided by certain motivational goals. A recently presented integrative model by Vignoles, Regalia, Manzi, Golledge, and Scabini (2006; Vignoles, 2011) postulates six fundamental motives: self-esteem, self-efficacy, continuity, distinctiveness, belonging, and meaning. Individuals are motivated to form their identity in accordance with them. Apart from a motivational basis, an actively constructed identity is also influenced by internal dialogical activity (Hermans, 2004), which is a mechanism of shaping internal complexity and dynamics. An experimental study was conducted to verify the crucial role of the key identity motives and dialogicality in a threatening situation. The research showed that losing identity aspects most connected with sense of meaning and self-esteem appeared especially distressing. The results indicated a predominant role of meaning motive and unexpected reaction to continuity threat. Internal dialogical activity was irrelevant for identity threat experience, despite its crucial role in identity dynamics under usual circumstances.
A Grassroots Approach to Life in Peace Self-Determination in Overcoming Peacelessness

*Chadwick F. Alger is Professor of Political Science at the Ohio State University; he was Secretary-General of the International Peace Resseach Association (IPRA) between 1982 -1986. 1. A global learning process A grassroot perspective to life in peace, with widespread aspirations to overcoming peacelessness, may be viewed as either utopian or so longterm in reach as to be useless. After all, it is not people at the grassroots that have produced and control most of the instruments of violence in the world. If the violence is to be stopped, should not our efforts be directed toward
Maprotiline inhibits LPS-induced expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) in human endothelial cells

Regardless of the known anti-inflammatory potential of heterocyclic antidepressants, the mechanisms concerning their modulating effects are not completely known. In our earlier work, maprotiline, a heterocyclic antidepressants, considerably inhibited infiltration of polymorphonuclear cell leucocytes into the inflamed paw. To understand the mechanism involved, we evaluated the effect of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression in stimulated endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence and absence of maprotiline (10-8 to 10-6 M) and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Maprotiline significantly decreased the LPS-induced expression of VCAM-1 at all applied concentrations. The expression of ICAM-1 decreased in the presence of maprotiline at 10-6 M concentration (P<0.05). Since maprotiline inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in LPS-stimulated human endothelial cells, it can be a possible way through which maprotiline exerts its anti-inflammatory properties.
Can parents of children with cancer accurately report their child's passive smoking exposure?

INTRODUCTION This study examined whether children with cancer are exposed to measurable levels of passive smoke as assessed by parent report and laboratory measures of urine cotinine, an established biomarker of passive smoke exposure (PSE). It also determined whether parents/caretakers of young cancer patients can provide valid reports of their child's PSE during the child's treatment, by examining their association with urine cotinine measures. METHODS Participants included 124 parents of a child with cancer who lived with at least one adult smoker in the home and was exposed to tobacco smoke in the home and/or car. Eligible patients were younger than 18 years of age, were receiving active treatment for cancer at a large pediatric oncology institution, were at least 30 days postdiagnosis, and did not smoke. Parents provided information about smoking and their child's PSE by responding to a series of questionnaires. Patients provided urine samples for cotinine analyses. RESULTS Findings showed that parents provided valid short-term accounts of their child's PSE in the context of their child's cancer treatment. Parent reports of PSE showed moderately strong positive relationships with urine cotinine levels which were stronger for reports provided by parents who smoked compared with nonsmoking parents. DISCUSSION Parent reports of PSE were validated by positive and significant associations with urine cotinine. Reports provided in the context of possible verification by biomarker assays can provide sufficiently accurate estimates of PSE to serve as outcome measures for clinical research and clinical care in a pediatric cancer setting.
The role of FGF and VEGF in angioblast induction and migration during vascular development

The embryonic vasculature forms by the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Angioblasts (endothelial cell precursors) appear to be induced by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2). The angioblasts contributing to the dorsal aortae arise by an epithelial to mesenchymal transformation of cells originating from the splanchnic mesoderm. QH‐l and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) both appear to label these cells as they adopt a mesenchymal morphology. Since VEGFR‐2 is the earliest known VEGF receptor this suggests that VEGF is not involved in angioblast induction. VEGF does appear to be critical, however, for growth and morphogenesis of angioblasts into the initial vascular pattern. Controlled delivery of FGF‐2 from beads and aggregates of cells transfected with quail VEGF have been used in our laboratory to study the role of these growth factors in angioblast induction and migration. We have induced cells from the epithelial quail somite to differentiate into angioblasts with FGF‐2 both in the embryo and in culture. This is a useful model system to study the origins of endothelial cells that are normally more diffusely induced during gastrulation by an obscure process probably involving signals from the embryonic endoderm. The origins of arterial versus venous endothelial cells is also poorly understood but recent findings on the distribution of ephrins and Eph receptors suggest that molecular differences exist prior to the onset of circulation. Finally, studies on the role of growth factors in such diverse phenomena as stem cell biology, angiogenesis, and molecular medicine in addition to vascular development suggest multiple roles for FGF‐2 and VEGF in vascular development. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seed Embryo Development Is Regulated via an AN3-MINI3 Gene Cascade

In agriculture, seed mass is one of the most important components related to seed yield. MINISEED3 (MINI3) which encodes the transcriptional activator WRKY10, is thought to be a pivotal regulator of seed mass. In Arabidopsis SHORT HYPOCOTYL UNDER BLUE1 (SHB1) associates with the promoter of MINI3, regulating embryo cell proliferation (both cell division and elongation), which, in turn, modulates seed mass. Furthermore, the recruitment of SHB1 via MINI3 to both its cognate promoter and that of IKU2 implies a two-step amplification for countering the low expression level of IKU2, which is thought to function as a molecular switch for seed cavity enlargement. However, it is largely unknown how embryo cell proliferation, which encompasses both cell division and elongation, is regulated by SHB1 and MINI3 function. Here, we show that a loss of function mutation within the transcriptional coactivator ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3), increases seed mass. Further, AN3 associates with the MINI3 promoter in vivo. Genetic evidence indicates that the absence of MINI3 function suppresses the decrease of cell number observed in an3-4 mutants by regulating cell division and in turn inhibits increased cell size of the an3-4 line by controlling cell elongation. Thus, seed embryo development is modulated via an AN3-MINI3 gene cascade. This regulatory model provides a deeper understanding of seed mass regulation, which may in turn lead to increased crop yields.
Irreversible Investment with Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Type Mean Reversion

We solve a Dixit and Pindyck type irreversible investment problem in continuous time under the assumption that the project value follows a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process. This setup works well for modeling foreign direct investment in the framework of real options, when the exchange rate is uncertain and the project value fixed in a foreign currency. We indicate how the solution qualitatively differs from the two classical cases: geometric Brownian motion and geometric mean reversion. Furthermore, we discuss analytical properties of the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process and demonstrate potential advantages of this process as a model for the project value with regard to the classical ones.
RETROSPECTIVE: Neurocube: a programmable digital neuromorphic architecture with high-density 3D memory

“Deep learning” (DL) led to tremendous advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), showcasing its ability to solve complex non-linear problems like image recognition. The field of DL was rapidly advancing in the years leading to our Neurocube research. Increasingly complex multi-layer Convolutional Neural Networks, Long-Short-Term-Memory and Recurrent Neural Networks were being investigated for various classes of computer vision problems. The DL models were being used in problems beyond computer vision. For example, there was tremendous anticipation on what will be the outcome of the match between AlphaGo, a DL model trained for the game of Go, and Sedol Lee, the world Go master. Despite the vast number of potential moves in Go, many anticipated Lee’s victory. But ultimately, in March 2016, AlphaGo won with a score of 4-1, relying on 1,200 CPUs and 176 GPUs. The advancing DL was thought of as mainly an algorithmic challenge and Graphics Processing Units (GPU) was the defacto computing platform. Hardware acceleration for DL was relatively new. Our team including two Ph.D. students (Dr. Duckhwan Kim and Prof. Jae-ha Kung), one industrial advisor (Dr. Sek Chai from SRI), and two faculty (Profs. (late) Sudhakar Yalamanchili and Saibal Mukhopadhyay), were inspired by many of the early, now seminal papers on compute substrate, arithmetic engines, data-flow models, and network-on-chip for DL. However, we wondered how we can maintain compute efficiency as the model complexity grows as increases memory accesses. It was well known that latency and energy demand for memory access is far higher than that of computing. We predicted as the model complexity grows, memory access will become a major bottleneck for efficient DL hardware. In fact, the number of parameters (and operations) of today’s DL models is drastically higher than that of the models a decade ago. For example, “Billion” is now the unit of count for the parameters in large language models, which people can freely experiment. As we look back, our prediction of parameter sizes expanding beyond the capacity of on-chip SRAM or eDRAM was correct, but the pace of growth has far exceeded our initial expectations. II. CONCEPT OF NEUROCUBE
Pride in Parsimony

Tracy, Shariff, and Cheng (2010) present a timely and eloquent review of the current research on the emotion pride in terms of a naturalist framework. The present commentary not only echoes arguments relating to pride’s adaptive function, but also highlights some points of theoretical clarification. Specifically, we question the necessity of the naturalist approach and the emphasis on two facets of pride.
Gesture output: eyes-free output using a force feedback touch surface

We propose using spatial gestures not only for input but also for output. Analogous to gesture input, the proposed gesture output moves the user's finger in a gesture, which the user then recognizes. We use our concept in a mobile scenario where a motion path forming a "5" informs users about new emails, or a heart-shaped path serves as a mes- sage from a friend. We built two prototypes: (1) The long- RangeOuija is a stationary prototype that offers a motion range of up to 4cm; (2) The pocketOuija is self-contained mobile device based on an iPhone with up to 1cm motion range. Both devices actuate the user's fingers by means of an actuated transparent foil overlaid onto a touchscreen. We conducted three studies with the longRangeOuija in which participants recognized 2cm marks with 97% accu- racy, Graffiti digits with 98.8%, pairs of Graffiti digits with 90.5%, and Graffiti letters with 93.4%. Participants previ- ously unfamiliar with Graffiti identified 96.2% of digits and 76.4% of letters, suggesting that properly designed gesture output is guessable. After the experiment, the same participants were able to enter 100% of Graffiti digits by heart and 92.2% of letters. This suggests that participants learned gesture input as a side effect of using gesture output on our prototypes.
Outdoor Leaders' Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership

This study explored the concept of outdoor leadership from the perspectives of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. Levels of emotional intelligence, multifactor leadership, outdoor experience, and social desirability were examined using 46 individuals designated as outdoor leaders. The results revealed a number of unique characteristics of outdoor leaders' emotional intelligence and leadership, including contributions of past outdoor experience to the development of emotional intelligence as well as transformational leadership. In addition, there was a moderate and positive relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership.
Sociology as an Art Form

"One of our most original social thinkers," according to the New York Times, Robert Nisbet offers a new approach to sociology. He shows that sociology is indeed an art form, one that has a strong kinship with literature, painting, Romantic history, and philosophy in the nineteenth century, the age in which sociology came into full stature. Sociology as an Art Form is an introduction for the initiated and the uninitiated in so-ciology. Nisbet explains the degree to which sociology draws from the same creative impulses, themes and styles (rooted in history), and actual modes of representa-tion found in the arts. He shows how the founding sociologists such as Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Simmel constructed portraits (of the bourgeois, the worker, and the intellectual) and landscapes (of the masses, the poor, the factory system), all reflecting and contribut-ing to identical portraits and landscapes found in the literature and art of the period. In addition to marking the similarities between sociologists' and artists' efforts to depict motion or movement, Nisbet emphasizes the relation of sociology to the fin de siecle in art and literature, with examples such as alienation, anomie, and degeneration. He creates an elegant, brilliantly reasoned appraisal of sociology's contribution to modern culture. This book will be of interest to sociologists, artists, and anyone interested in how the fields relate to one another.
Do Art Galleries Stimulate Redevelopment?

New York City is often held up as a successful example of arts-led economic development. Case studies have documented the influx of avant-garde artists and galleries into several neighborhoods, including Greenwich Village, SoHo, and Chelsea, followed by yuppies and boutiques. Some researchers have used these examples to argue that artists and galleries can spur gentrification. An alternative hypothesis is that galleries locate in neighborhoods with higher levels of amenities. In this paper, I examine whether concentrations of galleries are associated with redevelopment of surrounding neighborhoods, conditional on initial neighborhood amenities. Results suggest that while physical conditions do affect gallery location choices, the presence of galleries has little impact on subsequent changes in the built environment. Historic districts, museums, parks and commercial-friendly zoning are positively associated with new gallery openings, although the relationships vary across neighborhoods. Proximity to prior galleries is strongly predictive of new gallery openings. Using historic gallery locations to instrument for current galleries, the analysis finds little evidence that gallery presence is associated with neighborhood redevelopment.
Maternidade no contexto do HIV/AIDS: gestação e terceiro mês de vida do bebê

Este estudo buscou investigar, em maes primiparas portadoras do HIV/AIDS, percepcoes e sentimentos sobre maternidade, desenvolvimento do bebe e relacao mae-bebe, na gestacao e no terceiro mes de vida do bebe. Participaram cinco maes soropositivas com idade entre 19 e 37 anos. Utilizaram-se entrevistas para investigar diversos aspectos da gestacao e da maternidade. As respostas foram examinadas por analise de conteudo qualitativa com base em tres categorias: vivencia da maternidade; desenvolvimento do bebe; relacao mae-bebe. As maes relataram preocupacao com a possivel infeccao do bebe, medo do preconceito e frustracao pela nao amamentacao. Prevaleceram, entretanto, satisfacoes com a maternidade, com a interacao mae-bebe e com o desenvolvimento infantil. Os resultados revelaram que o HIV/AIDS nao tem necessariamente um impacto negativo para a maternidade e para a relacao mae-bebe, principalmente quando ha presenca de apoio familiar, relacionamento positivo com a figura materna e acesso o tratamento especializado. Discute-se a importância de intervencoes psicologicas diante da ansiedade associada ao HIV/AIDS na gestacao e maternidade.