Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mineral Alteration and Fracture Influence on the Elastic Properties of Volcaniclastic Rocks

In geothermal environments, the physical properties of rocks, such as porosity and alteration, are highly variable and control the reservoir's elastic and hydraulic properties. Elastic wave velocity in volcaniclastic rocks and their relation to fractures, pore shapes, and mineral alteration is mostly unknown. We measure ultrasonic P and S wave speeds on volcanic rocks from the Ngatamariki Geothermal Reservoir, New Zealand. Data clustering of wave speed versus porosity and density allow us to classify lithotypes of variable propylitic and phyllic mineral alteration. Wave speeds increase first due to porosity reduction as a result of mineral alteration and welding and, second, due to the high elasticity of alteration minerals (epidote, chlorite, and carbonates). We model the rock porosity as composed of equant pores and oblate‐spheroidal microfractures following an elastic effective medium model. For our samples, microfracture porosities range from 4% in the volcaniclastic tuffs to less than 1% in the ignimbrites, which we validate with pycnometer porosity data under effective pressure. We quantify that within one geological volcaniclastic formation, wave speeds vary up to 47% due to rock alteration and welding, while the effect of microfractures and changes in effective stress on wave speeds is secondary (up to 11%) but not negligible. From the experimental and numerical results we show that equant pores remain open at reservoir conditions (2,000 m) and can retain considerable porosity (10%). Our analysis has implications for microfracture and pore network characterization in geothermal reservoirs, in particular, in vapor‐dominated systems where matrix porosity and permeability play a role.
Association of PD-1, PD-1 Ligands, and Other Features of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment with Response to Anti–PD-1 Therapy

Purpose: Immunomodulatory drugs differ in mechanism-of-action from directly cytotoxic cancer therapies. Identifying factors predicting clinical response could guide patient selection and therapeutic optimization. Experimental Design: Patients (N = 41) with melanoma, non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), colorectal carcinoma, or castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated on an early-phase trial of anti–PD-1 (nivolumab) at one institution and had evaluable pretreatment tumor specimens. Immunoarchitectural features, including PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 expression, patterns of immune cell infiltration, and lymphocyte subpopulations, were assessed for interrelationships and potential correlations with clinical outcomes. Results: Membranous (cell surface) PD-L1 expression by tumor cells and immune infiltrates varied significantly by tumor type and was most abundant in melanoma, NSCLC, and RCC. In the overall cohort, PD-L1 expression was geographically associated with infiltrating immune cells (P < 0.001), although lymphocyte-rich regions were not always associated with PD-L1 expression. Expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells and immune infiltrates was significantly associated with expression of PD-1 on lymphocytes. PD-L2, the second ligand for PD-1, was associated with PD-L1 expression. Tumor cell PD-L1 expression correlated with objective response to anti–PD-1 therapy, when analyzing either the specimen obtained closest to therapy or the highest scoring sample among multiple biopsies from individual patients. These correlations were stronger than borderline associations of PD-1 expression or the presence of intratumoral immune cell infiltrates with response. Conclusions: Tumor PD-L1 expression reflects an immune-active microenvironment and, while associated other immunosuppressive molecules, including PD-1 and PD-L2, is the single factor most closely correlated with response to anti–PD-1 blockade. Clin Cancer Res; 20(19); 5064–74. ©2014 AACR.
An Adaptive Interface for Active Localization

Thanks to large-scale image repositories, vast amounts of data for object recognition are now easily available. However, acquiring training labels for arbitrary objects still requires tedious and expensive human effort. This is particularly true for localization, where humans must not only provide labels, but also training windows in an image. We present an approach for reducing the number of labelled training instances required to train an object classifier and for assisting the user in specifying optimal object location windows. As part of this process, the algorithm performs localization to find bounding windows for training examples that are best aligned with the current classification function, which optimizes learning and reduces human effort. To test this approach, we introduce an active learning extension to a latent SVM learning algorithm. Our user interface for training object detectors employs real-time interaction with a human user. Our active learning system provides a mean performance improvement of 4.5% in the average precision over a state of the art detector on the PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge 2007 with an average of just 40 minutes of human labelling effort per class.
Relationship of laboratory and on-road tests for driving-school students and experienced drivers.

There is a pressing need to evaluate driving ability without an actual driving test but no reliable, standardised procedure is available. This study investigated the resulting distortion performance evaluation for different driver groups in on-road tests due to driving skills and driving style. Two groups, 15 female driving school students and 25 experienced male drivers were examined using cognitive and psychomotor tests and standard personality questionnaires as well as an on-road driving test. The students made significantly fewer errors on the driving test than the experienced drivers. The former group's driving performance could be predicted by errors on the laboratory tests, along with personality factors, while experienced drivers' driving errors were best predicted by slowness on laboratory tests. This study suggests that, when a series of standard cognitive and psychomotor tests are considered, different measures may apply in predicting young people's ability to drive safely based on assessing dr.
Genetic differentiation of the bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake populations by mitochondrial DNA analysis

Although the bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus is an important fish in South-East Asia, the population structure has not been investigated. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of the bronze featherback were examined using nucleotide sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region for 332 fish collected from Tonle Sap Lake and the Mekong River in Cambodia. The average nucleotide diversity (π) of all samples was 0.033, and the Mekong River samples had higher nucleotide diversity (0.034) than Tonle Sap Lake samples (0.028). The nucleotide diversity between the lake and river samples varied from 0.029 to 0.037. The genetic differentiation between the river and lake populations was also supported by the pairwise F-statistic values and hierarchical analysis of molecular variance, indicating that the Tonle Sap Lake population is genetically isolated from the population in main stream of the Mekong River.
The new ecological paradigm revisited: anchoring the NEP scale in environmental ethics

The New Environmental or Ecological Paradigm (NEP) is widely acknowledged as a reliable multiple‐item scale to capture environmental attitudes or beliefs. It has been used in statistical analyses for almost 30 years, primarily by psychologists, but also by political scientists, sociologists and geographers. The scale's theoretical foundation is, however, seldom discussed and not comprehensively specified. This article explores the environmental ethics that underlies the scale, analysing which ethical positions on human—nature relations the scale seem to match. The study shows that pronounced forms of anthropocentrism are well captured by the scale, while the environmental position is ‘shallow’ rather than ‘deep green’ and misses crucial elements of the contemporary environmental ethics debate.
Accurate prediction of postoperative outcome in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a study using positron emission tomography with 18fluorodeoxyglucose.

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that positron emission tomography may be a reliable predictive indicator of clinical outcome following surgical treatment for epilepsy. OBJECTIVE We evaluated 30 patients with documented medial temporal lobe epilepsy to determine if prediction of postoperative outcome is improved with the use of positron emission tomography with (18)fluorodeoxyglucose. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a discriminant analysis to determine the combination of metabolic asymmetry indexes in temporal and extratemporal regions defined by magnetic resonance imaging that best predicted the postoperative outcome. Seizure outcome was assessed at least 2 years after surgery: patients were classified as seizure free (n = 14, group A), mostly improved (n = 10, group B), or as having persistent seizures (n = 6, group C). RESULTS Discriminant analysis was first performed in groups A and C. The temporal pole seemed to be the only temporal region for which metabolism was a significant predictor of the postoperative outcome (F(1,18) = 10.19; P =. 005). The predictive value of positron emission tomography with (18)fluorodeoxyglucose was considerably improved by the multivariate analysis (F(4,15) = 7.21; P =. 002), which correctly predicted the 2 -year prognosis in 100% of the patients using 4 regions: the temporal pole, the medial temporal region, the anterior part of the lateral temporal neocortex, and the basofrontal region. As a validation, we performed this 4-region analysis in the patients in group B. The difference among the 3 groups was highly significant (F = 15.5, P<.001). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the interictal metabolic pattern reliably predicts the 2-year prognosis after surgery in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Some prerequisites for access programmes that contribute to academic success in higher education

Abstract The balance between the cost and value of access programmes is a concern in higher education. The function of access programmes is to provide support and additional time for under-prepared students to cope with the academic workload during the first year. This article aims to indicate the value students place on participation in an access programme. In this qualitative study, group interviews were conducted and the findings indicate that Engineering students attribute their success in the mainstream to the way in which participation in an access programme had integrated them academically into the university and exposed them to discipline related experiences in a non-threatening environment. The findings of this study indicate what aspects of the access programme students considered helpful for perseverance in mainstream studies. It is recommended that institutions that offer access programmes should not only be aware of the reciprocal influence of the cognitive and non-cognitive factors that affect students' success, but also purposefully combine these factors in the design of their access programmes.
A preliminary controlled evaluation of a school-based media literacy program and self-esteem program for reducing eating disorder risk factors.

OBJECTIVE This study compared the efficacy of a media literacy program and a self-esteem program designed to reduce general and specific risk factors for eating disorders. METHOD Four classes of 86 grade 8 students (53 boys and 33 girls), mean age of 13 years, were randomly assigned to either a control condition or one of the two intervention conditions. Assessment of general and specific risk factors was carried out at baseline, postintervention and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS At postintervention the media literacy group had lower mean scores on weight concern than the control group (p =0.007) but the self-esteem group did not. There were some differences on self-esteem measures at the 3-month follow-up. DISCUSSION Media literacy programs combined with an interactive, student-centered framework may potentially be a safe and effective way of reducing risk factors for eating disorders. The impact of teaching style needs to be further evaluated in prevention research.
A Better Look at Intelligence

The Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) model is offered as an alternative to the unidimensional conceptualization of intelligence as a general ability. The unidimensional conceptualization has not helped researchers and clinicians understand variations of cognitive functions within special populations such as individuals with learning disabilities, disorders of attention, or mental retardation. Neither has this conceptualization aided in program planning for these individuals. PASS is a model of cognitive function based on contemporary research in both cognition and neuropsychology and provides a theory for both assessment and intervention. This article reviews concepts and examples of PASS theory and its application to reading disabilities and mental retardation. For example, the article links dyslexia with a deficit in successive processing. It also identifies the major difficulties of individuals with Down syndrome in phonological memory and articulation. Further research on successive processing, and planning as it relates to language, is suggested.
Gender differences in the prevalence and features of internet addiction among Indian college students.

Aim: To investigate the gender differences in the rates of prevalence and salient features of internet addiction among Indian college students and also the effects of studying engineering disciplines. Methods: A total of 810 students from various undergraduate engineering disciplines were selected after informed consent and were given young’s internet addiction test and semi structured questionnaire to be selfadministered in their class rooms and data sheets collected from them after 30 minutes. The total number of men was 455 and women were 349. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-19 software. Results: As per our study the estimate of total prevalence was 8.8%. The number of males addicted is more than females. (10.33% of boys and 6.84% girls) those with net dependence used multiple types of net and with faster accessibility; used more interactive features. Females outnumbered males in social networking and males in multi load games. (13.5%>5.82%). Those with addiction suffered real life social impairment and academic disruption. There was physical impairment of insomnia (26.8%) day time sleepiness (20%) eye strain (19%). Conclusions: Our study suggests that internet addiction is more common among men than women with differing patterns of use causing significant academic, social and physical impairment.
Measuring the Complexity of Musical Rhythm

This thesis studies measures of musical rhythm complexity. Informally, rhythm complexity may be thought of as the difficulty humans have performing a rhythm, listening to a rhythm, or recognizing its structure. The problem of understanding rhythm complexity has been studied in musicology and psychology, but there are approaches for its measurement from a variety of domains. This thesis aims to evaluate rhythm complexity measures based on how accurately they reflect human-based measures. Also, it aims to compare their performance using rhythms from Africa, India, and rhythms generated randomly. The results suggest that none of the measures accurately reflect the difficulty humans have performing or listening to rhythm; however, the measures do accurately reflect how humans recognize a rhythm’s metrical structure. Additionally, the results suggest a need for normalization of the measures to account for variety among cultural rhythms.
Switching Answers on Multiple-Choice Questions: Shrewdness or Shibboleth?

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Description of antiviral treatment among adults hospitalized with influenza before and during the 2009 pandemic: United States, 2005-2009.

BACKGROUND The 2009 influenza pandemic led to guidelines emphasizing antiviral treatment for all persons hospitalized with influenza, including pregnant women. We compared antiviral use among adults hospitalized with influenza before and during the pandemic. METHODS The Emerging Infections Program conducts active population-based surveillance for persons hospitalized with community-acquired, laboratory-confirmed influenza in 10 states. We analyzed data collected via medical record review of patients aged ≥18 years admitted during prepandemic (1 October 2005 through 14 April 2009) and pandemic (15 April 2009 through 31 December 2009) time frames. RESULTS Of 5943 adults hospitalized with influenza in prepandemic seasons, 3235 (54%) received antiviral treatment, compared with 4055 (82%) of 4966 during the pandemic. Forty-one (22%) of 187 pregnant women received antiviral treatment in prepandemic seasons, compared with 369 (86%) of 430 during the pandemic. Pregnancy was a negative predictor of antiviral treatment before the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], .16-.35) but was independently associated with treatment during the pandemic (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.32-2.96). Antiviral treatment among adults hospitalized >2 days after illness onset increased from 43% before the pandemic to 79% during the pandemic (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Antiviral treatment of hospitalized adults increased during the pandemic, especially among pregnant women. This suggests that many clinicians followed published guidance to treat hospitalized adults with antiviral agents. However, compliance with antiviral recommendations could be improved.
Discrete Intersection Signal Control

In this paper, we propose a new control of traffic lights of a simple intersection, taking into account vehicle behaviour, integral red and orange phases. We consider the intersection as a resource shared between vehicles of two roads. Hence, the control of traffic light signal is performed to take into account each vehicle arrival individually. On the one hand, this allows us to distinguish different kinds of vehicles such as public transport vehicles and emergency vehicles. On the other hand, since the main objective is the minimization of the evacuation time, then the waiting time of each vehicle is dramatically reduced. Moreover, such a control can lead to autonomous vehicles, which would not need traffic lights anymore.
A highly conserved SOX6 double binding site mediates SOX6 gene downregulation in erythroid cells

The Sox6 transcription factor plays critical roles in various cell types, including erythroid cells. Sox6-deficient mice are anemic due to impaired red cell maturation and show inappropriate globin gene expression in definitive erythrocytes. To identify new Sox6 target genes in erythroid cells, we used the known repressive double Sox6 consensus within the εy-globin promoter to perform a bioinformatic genome-wide search for similar, evolutionarily conserved motifs located within genes whose expression changes during erythropoiesis. We found a highly conserved Sox6 consensus within the Sox6 human gene promoter itself. This sequence is bound by Sox6 in vitro and in vivo, and mediates transcriptional repression in transient transfections in human erythroleukemic K562 cells and in primary erythroblasts. The binding of a lentiviral transduced Sox6FLAG protein to the endogenous Sox6 promoter is accompanied, in erythroid cells, by strong downregulation of the endogenous Sox6 transcript and by decreased in vivo chromatin accessibility of this region to the PstI restriction enzyme. These observations suggest that the negative Sox6 autoregulation, mediated by the double Sox6 binding site within its own promoter, may be relevant to control the Sox6 transcriptional downregulation that we observe in human erythroid cultures and in mouse bone marrow cells in late erythroid maturation.