Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complex Trauma, Dissociation, and the Use of Symbolism in Therapy

As therapists are confronted with clients who have childhood histories of severe interpersonal trauma, the challenge is to understand how this trauma affects individuals developmentally and how healing might be facilitated. This article explores how integration might be understood in the context of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. It is proposed that the symbolic function is central both to the fracturing of selfhood due to early trauma and to its resolution. The article provides a detailed discussion of symbolism and therapeutic possibilities for the use of symbolism as an adjunct to therapy with sufferers of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. It is argued that symbols provide a potentially powerful means of assisting reintegration and that this can be used within a range of therapeutic traditions, including cognitive–behavioral, psychodynamic, psychopharmacological, and neurophysiological approaches. The work of the first author in this regard is illustrated by means of a case study.
Efficient Chemokine-dependent Migration and Primary and Secondary IL-12 Secretion by Human Dendritic Cells Stimulated Through Toll-like Receptors

Recent findings have demonstrated the properties of cell migration and cytokine secretion to be mutually exclusive and linked them to different functional subpopulations of dendritic cells (DCs). We studied human monocyte-derived DCs after stimulation with peptidoglycan (PGN), poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and R848 (resiquimod) and found the resulting mature DCs to express CCR7, to migrate toward CCL19 and to be efficient primary interleukin (IL)-12 producers. Importantly, the potential for secondary production of large amounts of IL-12p70 in response to CD40 ligation was also preserved after stimulation by all Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Differences between the TLR ligands were seen in the primary secretion of IL-12 and IL-23, in the survival of the DCs and in the expression of CD38. Finally, DCs stimulated by R848 were efficient in expanding peptide-specific CD8-positive T cells capable of peptide-specific target cell lysis. Together, our data suggest that TLR ligands induce the generation of mature DCs that integrate migratory and cytokine secretory capacity as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) stimulatory properties.
Adapting Remote Labs to Learning Scenarios: Case Studies Using VISIR and RemotElectLab

Remote laboratories are an emergent technological and pedagogical tool at all education levels, and their widespread use is an important part of their own improvement and evolution. This paper describes several issues encountered on laboratorial classes, on higher education courses, when using remote laboratories based on PXI systems, either using the VISIR system or an alternate in-house solution. Three main issues are presented and explained, all reported by teachers, that gave support to students' use of remote laboratories. The first issue deals with the need to allow students to select the actual place where an ammeter is to be inserted on electric circuits, even incorrectly, therefore emulating real-world difficulties. The second one deals with problems with timing when several measurements are required at short intervals, as in the discharge cycle of a capacitor. In addition, the last issue deals with the use of a multimeter in dc mode when reading ac values, a use that collides with the lab settings. All scenarios are presented and discussed, including the solution found for each case. The conclusion derived from the described work is that the remote laboratories area is an expanding field, where practical use leads to improvement and evolution of the available solutions, requiring a strict cooperation and information-sharing between all actors, i.e., developers, teachers, and students.
Immune complexome analysis of serum and its application in screening for immune complex antigens in rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND Analysis of circulating immune complexes (CICs) produced during an immune response may be useful in elucidating some aspects of this process. Identification of antigens incorporated into CICs provides information that may be helpful in developing diagnostic and treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases, infection, cancer, and transplantation therapy, and such information might be more relevant than information on free antigens. Because CICs may contain many antigens, comprehensive identification and profiling of such antigens is more effective than immunoblotting detection. METHODS We developed a novel proteomic strategy (immune complexome analysis) in which immune complexes (ICs) are separated from serum, digested directly with trypsin, and then subjected to nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for identifying and profiling antigens in CICs. We applied this strategy to the analysis of CICs in 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Serum samples from 13 healthy donors and 8 osteoarthritis patients were used as controls. RESULTS CICs containing thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were found in the serum of 81% and 52% of RA patients, respectively, and in none of the controls. CONCLUSIONS The ICs in the serum of a majority of the RA patients contained TSP-1 or PF4, and these ICs may have potential as alternative biomarkers. Our technique for immune complexome analysis uses routine clinical samples, simple protocols, and widely available equipment. This method may be generally applicable to the study of the relationship between CICs and certain diseases associated with the immune response in animals and humans.
Role of tipranavir in treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant HIV

The worldwide emergence of multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains has the driven the development of new antiretroviral (ARV) agents. Over the past 5 years, HIV-entry and integrase inhibitor ARVs, as well as improved non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs), have become available for treatment. It is important to assess how these new ARVs might be most judiciously used, paying close attention to viral susceptibility patterns, pharmacodynamic parameters, and the likelihood that patients will adhere to their therapy. Herein we review published material in Medline, EMBASE, and ISI for each antiretroviral agent/classes currently approved and summarize the available data on their efficacy, safety, and pharmacologic parameters. We focus on the role of tipranavir, a recently approved nonpeptidic PI, for treating HIV-infected children, adolescents, and adults with a history of multidrug-resistant HIV.
The Constitution of ‘Third Workspaces’ in between the Home and the Corporate Office

This study analyses the constitution of commercially provided work spaces situated in between the home and the corporate office. These new workspaces are enabled by digital network technologies. Theoretically, this new category of contemporary business spaces is conceptualised as ‘third workspaces’, with reference to the work of Oldenburg (1989), Soja (1996) and Lefebvre (1991 [1974]). Empirically, these workspaces are explored in two ethnographic case studies dealing with recently founded and successful third workspace providers. The grounded theory resulting from these case studies addresses the role of the material settings, the technologies, the work ideologies as well as the user practices. Overall this study offers an analytical framework for studying and managing third workspaces, and highlights the ambiguities in the constitution of third workspaces between the design and management on the one hand and the user practices on the other.
The stable homotopy category is rigid

The purpose of this paper is to prove that the stable homotopy category of algebraic topology is 'rigid' in the sense that it admits essentially only one model: Rigidity Theorem. Let C be a stable model category. If the homotopy category of C and the homotopy category of spectra are equivalent as trian-gulated categories, then there exists a Quillen equivalence between C and the model category of spectra. Our reference model is the category of spectra in the sense of Bousfield and Friedlander [BF, §2] with the stable model structure. The point of the rigidity theorem is that its hypotheses only refer to relatively little structure on the stable homotopy category, namely the suspension functor and the class of homotopy cofiber sequences. The conclusion is that all 'higher order structure' of stable homotopy theory is determined by these data. Examples of this higher order structure are the homotopy types of function spectra, which are not in general preserved by exact functors between triangulated categories, or the algebraic K-theory. However, the theorem does not claim that a model for the category of spectra can be constructed out of the triangulated homotopy category. Nor does it say that a given triangulated equivalence can be lifted to a Quillen equivalence of model categories. The rigidity theorem completes a line of investigation begun by Brooke Shipley and the author in [SS] and improved 2-locally in [Sch]. We refer to those two papers for motivation, and for examples of triangulated categories that are not rigid, i.e., which admit exotic models. The new ingredients for the odd-primary case are roughly the following. The arguments of [Sch] reduce the problem at each prime p to a property of the first nonzero p-torsion class in the stable homotopy groups of spheres, which is the Hopf map η at the prime 2 and the class α 1 in the stable (2p − 3)-stem for odd primes. At the prime 2 the Hopf map η is the reason that the mod-2 Moore spectrum fails to have a multiplication, even up to homotopy. At odd primes the mod-p Moore spectrum has a multiplication up to homotopy, but for p = 3 the class 838 STEFAN SCHWEDE α 1 is the obstruction to the multiplication being homotopy associative [To3, Lemma 6.2]. For primes p ≥ 5 the multiplication of the mod-p Moore spectrum is homotopy associative and the relationship to the class …
An engineering method for estimating notch-size effect in fatigue tests on steel

Neuber's proposed method of calculating a practical factor of stress concentration for parts containing notches of arbitrary size depends on the knowledge of a "new material constant" which can be established only indirectly. In this paper, the new constant has been evaluated for a large variety of steels from fatigue tests reported in the literature, attention being confined to stresses near the endurance limit. Reasonably satisfactory results were obtained with the assumption that the constant depends only on the tensile strength of the steel. Even in cases where the notches were cracks of which only the depth was known, reasonably satisfactory agreement was found between calculated and experimental factors. It is also shown that the material constant can be used in an empirical formula to estimate the size effect on unnotched specimens tested in bending fatigue.
Molecular Evidence for Association of Chlamydiales Bacteria with Epitheliocystis in Leafy Seadragon (Phycodurus eques), Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), and Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)

ABSTRACT Epitheliocystis in leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eques), silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), and barramundi (Lates calcarifer), previously associated with chlamydial bacterial infection using ultrastructural analysis, was further investigated by using molecular and immunocytochemical methods. Morphologically, all three species showed epitheliocystis cysts in the gills, and barramundi also showed lymphocystis cysts in the skin. From gill cysts of all three species and from skin cysts of barramundi 16S rRNA gene fragments were amplified by PCR and sequenced, which clustered by phylogenetic analysis together with other chlamydia-like organisms in the order Chlamydiales in a lineage separate from the family Chlamydiaceae. By using in situ RNA hybridization, 16S rRNA Chlamydiales-specific sequences were detected in gill cysts of silver perch and in gill and skin cysts of barramundi. By applying immunocytochemistry, chlamydial antigens (lipopolysaccharide and/or membrane protein) were detected in gill cysts of leafy seadragon and in gill and skin cysts of barramundi, but not in gill cysts of silver perch. In conclusion, this is the first time epitheliocystis agents of leafy seadragon, silver perch and barramundi have been undoubtedly identified as belonging to bacteria of the order Chlamydiales by molecular methods. In addition, the results suggested that lymphocystis cysts, known to be caused by iridovirus infection, could be coinfected with the epitheliocystis agent.
Electric Stimulation with Sinusoids and White Noise for Neural Prostheses

We are investigating the use of novel stimulus waveforms in neural prostheses to determine whether they can provide more precise control over the temporal and spatial pattern of elicited activity as compared to conventional pulsatile stimulation. To study this, we measured the response of retinal ganglion cells to both sinusoidal and white noise waveforms. The use of cell-attached and whole cell patch clamp recordings allowed the responses to be observed without significant obstruction from the stimulus artifact. Electric stimulation with sinusoids elicited robust responses. White noise analysis was used to derive the linear kernel for the ganglion cell's spiking response as well as for the underlying excitatory currents. These results suggest that in response to electric stimulation, presynaptic retinal neurons exhibit bandpass filtering characteristics with a peak response that occurs 25 ms after onset. The experimental approach demonstrated here may be useful for studying the temporal response properties of other neurons in the CNS.
4SC‐101, a novel immunosuppressive drug, inhibits IL‐17 and attenuates colitis in two murine models of inflammatory bowel disease†

Background: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. DHODH is a known target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. 4SC‐101 is a novel immunosuppressive drug that inhibits DHODH. A goal of our study was to examine the in vitro effects of 4SC‐101 on IL‐17 production by mononuclear cells. In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of 4SC‐101 against acute TNBS (2,4,6‐tritrobenzene sulfonic acid) and chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy human donors were used to evaluate cellular proliferation and cytokine (IL‐17, TNF‐&agr;) production. The oral effects of 4SC‐101 (100 or 200 mg/kg) were examined following induction of chronic colitis by the administration of 3% DSS (4 cycles) to Balb/c mice. Morphometric and histological indices of colitis were evaluated as indicators of drug efficacy. 4SC‐101 was also administered for 6 days after the intracolonic administration of TNBS (20 mg in 50% ethanol) to female Balb/c mice. The colons were analyzed for overall macroscopic damage, ulceration, total length, distal segment weight, MPO activity, and histological pathology as indicators for the effectiveness of 4SC‐101. Results: In vitro, 4SC‐101 is a potent inhibitor of human DHODH, inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, and uniquely blocks phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated IL‐17 production by lymphocytes. In vivo, oral administration of 4SC‐101 effectively improved both chronic DSS and acute TNBS colitis in mice. In these colitis models the overall efficacy profile of 4SC‐101 was similar to that of dexamethasone. Conclusions: 4SC‐101 is a novel immunosuppressive drug with excellent potential for the treatment of intestinal inflammation. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010)
Optimal choice of the buffer size in the Internet routers

We study an optimal choice of the buffer size in the Internet routers. The objective is to determine the minimum value of the buffer size required in order to fully utilize the link capacity. The reare some empirical rules for the choice of the buffer size. The most known rule of thumb states that the buffer length should be set to the bandwidth delay product of the network, i.e., the product between the average round trip time in the network and the capacity of the bottleneck link. Several recent works have suggested that as a consequence of the traffic aggregation, the buffer size should be set to smaller values. In this paper we propose an analytical framework for the optimal choice of the router buffer size. We formulate this problem as a multi-criteria optimization problem, in which the Lagrange function corresponds to a linear combination of the average sending rate and average delay in the queue. The solution to this optimization problem provides further evidence that indeed the buffer size should be reduced in the presence of traffic aggregation. Furthermore, our result states that the minimum required buffer is smaller than what previous studies suggested. Our analytical results are confirmed by simulations performed with the NS simulator.
Intrahost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution is related to length of the immunocompetent period

The antigenic diversity threshold theory predicts that antigenic sites of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, such as the V3 region of the external glycoprotein gp120, evolve more rapidly during the symptom-free period in individuals progressing to AIDS than in those who remain asymptomatic for a long time. To test this hypothesis, genomic RNA sequences were obtained from the sera of 44 individuals at seroconversion and 5 years later. The mean number of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in the V3 region of the viruses circulating in 31 nonprogressors (1.1 x 10(-2) +/- 0.1 x 10(-2) per site per year) was higher than the corresponding value for 13 progressors (0.66 x 10(-2) +/- 0.1 x 10(-2) per site per year) (P < 0.01), while no difference between the mean numbers of synonymous substitutions in the two groups was seen (0.37 x 10(-2) +/- 0.1 x 10(-2) and 0.51 x 10(-2) +/- 0.2 x 10(-2) per site per year for nonprogressors and progressors, respectively; P > 0.1). The mean ratios of synonymous nucleotide p distance to nonsynonymous p distance were 0.35 for nonprogressors and 0.62 for progressors. The number of nonsynonymous substitutions was not associated with virus load or virus phenotype, which are established predictors of disease progression, but correlated strongly with the duration of the immunocompetent period (r2 = 0.41; P = 0.001). This indicates that there is no causative relationship between intrahost evolution and CD4+ cell decline. Our data suggest that intrahost evolution in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is driven by selective forces, the strength of which is related to the duration of the immunocompetent period.
Comparative Study of Lectin Domains in Model Species: New Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics

Lectins are present throughout the plant kingdom and are reported to be involved in diverse biological processes. In this study, we provide a comparative analysis of the lectin families from model species in a phylogenetic framework. The analysis focuses on the different plant lectin domains identified in five representative core angiosperm genomes (Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and Oryza sativa ssp. indica). The genomes were screened for genes encoding lectin domains using a combination of Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), hidden Markov models, and InterProScan analysis. Additionally, phylogenetic relationships were investigated by constructing maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. The results demonstrate that the majority of the lectin families are present in each of the species under study. Domain organization analysis showed that most identified proteins are multi-domain proteins, owing to the modular rearrangement of protein domains during evolution. Most of these multi-domain proteins are widespread, while others display a lineage-specific distribution. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses reveal that some lectin families evolved to be similar to the phylogeny of the plant species, while others share a closer evolutionary history based on the corresponding protein domain architecture. Our results yield insights into the evolutionary relationships and functional divergence of plant lectins.
The Innovative Behaviour of Software Engineers: Findings from a Pilot Case Study

Context: In the workplace, some individuals engage in the voluntary and intentional generation, promotion, and realization of new ideas for the benefit of individual performance, group effectiveness, or the organization. The literature classifies this phenomenon as innovative behaviour. Despite its importance to the development of innovation, innovative behaviour has not been fully investigated in software engineering. Objective: To understand the factors that support or inhibit innovative behaviour in software engineering practice. Method: We conducted a pilot case study in a Canadian software company using interviews and observations as data collection techniques. Using qualitative analysis, we identified relevant factors and relationships not addressed by studies from other areas. Results: Individual innovative behaviour is influenced by individual attitudes and also by situational factors such as relationships in the workplace, organizational characteristics, and project type. We built a model to express the interacting effects of these factors. Conclusions: Innovative behaviour is dependent on individual and contextual factors. Our results contribute to relevant impacts on research and practice, and to topics that deserve further study.
The infocious web search engine: improving web searching through linguistic analysis

In this paper we present the Infocious Web search engine [23]. Our goal in creating Infocious is to improve the way people find information on the Web by resolving ambiguities present in natural language text. This is achieved by performing linguistic analysis on the content of the Web pages we index, which is a departure from existing Web search engines that return results mainly based on keyword matching. This additional step of linguistic processing gives Infocious two main advantages. First, Infocious gains a deeper understanding of the content of Web pages so it can better match users' queries with indexed documents and therefore can improve relevancy of the returned results. Second, based on its linguistic processing, Infocious can organize and present the results to the user in more intuitive ways. In this paper we present the linguistic processing technologies that we incorporated in Infocious and how they are applied in helping users find information on the Web more efficiently. We discuss the various components in the architecture of Infocious and how each of them benefits from the added linguistic processing. Finally, we experimentally evaluate the performance of a component which leverages linguistic information in order to categorize Web pages.