Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interferometric Detections of GOODS 850-5 at 1 mm and 1.4 GHz

We have obtained a position (at subarcsecond accuracy) of the submillimeter bright source GOODS 850-5 (also known as GN 10) in the GOODS-North field using the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer at 1.25 mm wavelengths (MM J123633+6214.1; flux density: S1.25 mm = 5.0 ± 1.0 mJy). This source has no optical counterpart in deep ACS imaging down to a limiting magnitude of i775 = 28.4 mag and its position is coincident with the position found in recent submillimeter mapping obtained at the SMA. Using deep VLA imaging at 20 cm, we find a radio source (S20 cm = 34.4 ± 4.2 μJy) at the same position that is significantly brighter than reported by Wang and coworkers (but in agreement with a 3 σ detection previously reported by Pope and coworkers). The source is detected by Spitzer in IRAC as well as at 24 μm. We apply different photometric redshift estimators using measurements of the dusty, mid/far-infrared part of the SED and derive a redshift z ∼ 4. Given our detection in the millimeter and radio we consider a significantly higher redshift (e.g., z ∼ 6 recently proposed by Wang and coworkers) unlikely. MM J123633+6214.1 alias GOODS 850-5 nevertheless constitutes a bright representative of the high-redshift tail of the submillimeter galaxy population that may contribute a significant fraction to the (sub)millimeter background.
Neonatal severe intractable diarrhoea as the presenting manifestation of an unclassified congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG-x)

A case of severe and protracted diarrhoea is reported, which started in the neonatal period and progressively associated with neurological impairment, dysmorphy, hepatosplenomegaly, and hepatic insufficiency, from which the patient died at 2 years of age. Isoelectric focusing of serum transferrin showed a congenital disorder of glycosylation type I pattern but the basic defect could not be identified. This observation shows that congenital disorder of glycosylation is a cause of intractable diarrhoea in neonates.
Sharing the care: the qualities sought of social workers by foster carers

Given that foster carers are a scarce resource it is essential that every effort is made to retain their services. This paper considers the role played by social workers in this endeavour. The results reported here form part of larger study, involving seven local authorities, concerned with the wider issues of supporting foster placements. The paper describes the qualities sought of social workers by foster carers and discusses the relationship between these qualities and the likelihood that carers will continue fostering. It was found that carers are highly satisfied with the job of fostering, are committed to it and view social workers as a vital source of support. Promoting good relationships between social workers and foster carers is therefore an important element in any strategy that aims to retain good foster carers.
Discovery of Narrow X-Ray Absorption Lines from NGC 3783 with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer

We present the first grating-resolution X-ray spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 3783, obtained with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. These spectra reveal many narrow absorption lines from the H-like and He-like ions of O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Ar as well as Fe XVII-Fe XXI L-shell lines. We have also identified several weak emission lines, mainly from O and Ne. The absorption lines are blueshifted by a mean velocity of ≈440 ± 200 km s-1 and are not resolved, indicating a velocity dispersion within the absorbing gas of a few hundred kilometers per second or less. We measure the lines' equivalent widths and compare them with the predictions of photoionization models. The best-fitting model has a microturbulence velocity of 150 km s-1 and a hydrogen column density of 1.3 × 1022 cm-2. The measured blueshifts and inferred velocity dispersions of the X-ray absorption lines are consistent with those of the strongest UV absorption lines observed in this object. However, simple models that propose to strictly unify the X-ray and UV absorbers have difficulty explaining simultaneously the X-ray and UV absorption-line strengths.
Coping with unwanted sexual activity: Normative responses, situational determinants, and individual differences

It has been proposed that a traditional feminine gender role can influence how effectively a woman deals with unwanted sexual experiences. For example, passivity and nurturance might prohibit effective coping with unwanted sexual activity by leading a woman to blame herself and to continue in an adversarial sexual relationship. Thus, the present investigation was designed to examine women's responses and reactions to unwanted sexual episodes, including both normative and individual coping strategies. Situational, general coping, and individual difference variables were also examined. The results indicated that most episodes of unwanted sex involved a couple who knew each other at least moderately well. It was also determined that situational variables were the best predictors of women's reactions to unwanted sexual attempts. Generally, women responded passively to such attempts and responded to attack with self‐blame and continuance of adversarial dating relationships. The implications of these findings f.
Auditory Pitch Imagery and Its Relationship to Musical Synchronization

Musical ensemble performance requires precise coordination of action. To play in synchrony, ensemble musicians presumably anticipate the sounds that will be produced by their co‐performers. These predictions may be based on auditory images in working memory. This study examined the contribution of auditory imagery abilities to sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) in 20 musicians. The acuity of single‐tone pitch images was measured by an adjustment method and by adaptive threshold estimation. Different types of finger tapping tasks were administered to assess SMS. Auditory imagery and SMS abilities were found to be positively correlated with one another and with musical experience.
Cross-cultural differences in beliefs and practices that affect the language spoken to children: mothers with Indian and Western heritage.

BACKGROUND Speech-language pathologists often advise families about interaction patterns that will facilitate language learning. This advice is typically based on research with North American families of European heritage and may not be culturally suited for non-Western families. AIMS The goal of the project was to identify differences in the beliefs and practices of Indian and Euro-Canadian mothers that would affect patterns of talk to children. METHODS & PROCEDURES A total of 47 Indian mothers and 51 Euro-Canadian mothers of preschool age children completed a written survey concerning child-rearing practices and beliefs, especially those about talk to children. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Discriminant analyses indicated clear cross-cultural differences and produced functions that could predict group membership with a 96% accuracy rate. Items contributing most to these functions concerned the importance of family, perceptions of language learning, children's use of language in family and society, and interactions surrounding text. CONCLUSIONS Speech-language pathologists who wish to adapt their services for families of Indian heritage should remember the centrality of the family, the likelihood that there will be less emphasis on early independence and achievement, and the preference for direct instruction.
Planning and Self-Efficacy in the Adoption and Maintenance of Breast Self-Examination: A Longitudinal Study on Self-Regulatory Cognitions

Many women may be reluctant to perform breast self-examination (B.S.E.) regularly due to motivational or self-regulatory deficits. The Health Action Process Approach (Schwarzer, R. (1992). Self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors: theoretical approaches and a new model. In: Schwarzer, R. (Ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought Control of Action , pp. 217-243. Hemisphere, Washington DC; Schwarzer, R. (2001). Social-cognitive factors in changing health-related behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science , 10 , 47-51. ), a health behavior change model that advocates the separation of motivation and action phases, such as goal setting and goal pursuit, was applied to data from 418 young women whose risk perceptions, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, intention to perform B.S.E. , planning, and reported examination behaviors were examined at two points in time. Risk perception was found to have a negligible influence in a path analysis, whereas self-efficacy emerged as the best predictor of intention and planning. Planning, in turn, appeared to be the best predictor of B.S.E. behaviors, followed by self-efficacy. The results point to the influential role that self-regulatory strategies (such as planning) play in translating goals into action. The study contributes to the current debate on stage theories of health behavior change and the orchestration of self-beliefs and strategies in the context of goal-directed behaviors.
Misclassification in bankruptcy prediction in Finland: human information processing approach

In this study the factors behind the decision‐makers’ erroneous judgements regarding failure prediction (classification of firms as bankrupt and non‐bankrupt) are analysed. The purpose is to find out the factors causing incorrect responses, i.e. the cases in which the decision‐maker is for some reason incapable of using the given information to arrive at the correct classification. The following five possible sources of disturbance in this decision‐making were hypothesized: firm‐specific factors, data, decision‐maker‐specific factors, external factors, and failure process. In further analysis these factors were empirically operationalized and their significance was tested applying logistic (logit) analysis separately for the Type I and Type II classification errors identified in an HIP study. The results indicated that the effect of all of the five hypothesized factors on misclassifications is statistically significant. The inconsistency of the cues (firm‐specific factors) may be the main factor causing errors in evaluation. Moreover, the failure process is another important factor (Type I error). Thus, human bankruptcy prediction can be improved mainly by checking the consistency of financial statements (that they give a true view of the firm’s economic status) and by paying special attention to timely identification of the possible failure process. Future HIP studies on bankruptcy prediction and also other economic events should pay attention to control the kinds of sources of disturbance identified in this study, to maintain validity.
Follow-up Analysis of the Use of Deception and Aversive Contingencies in Psychological Experiments

78 subjects who had participated in experiments involving deception and the use of aversive contingencies were interviewed and completed a questionnaire concerning their reactions to the study. Of the subjects, 20% were “bothered” by some aspect of the experiment. Subjects' dissatisfaction was greatest and lasted longest for issues other than deception and the use of aversives.
Böhnke Policy or Privacy-What Matters Most for Individual Well-Being ? Determinants of life satisfaction in the enlarged Europe May 2007

Life satisfaction is quite heterogeneously distributed across countries of the enlarged European Union. Previous research has shown how living conditions within individual countries, such as access to material and emotional resources, are important for personal well-being, but it has neglected to explain differences between countries. This article investigates whether it also matters in which political, economic, and social circumstances people live, as well as whether their particular perception of the quality of their societal environment plays a role. People are well aware that the institutional and cultural settings in which their lives are embedded create opportunities and limitations: within individual countries, perceptions of society influence life satisfaction outcomes irrespective of access to resources. However, their importance for well-being differs across Europe: perceptions of society and material resources are highly decisive in countries which provide only a minimum of social security and in which the reliability of political institutions is poor. In rich and stable countries, the impact is weaker and private social support becomes more important. In addition to these country-specific weights of life satisfaction determinants, life satisfaction variations between countries can be explained to a large extent by taking into consideration the economic performance, the social security level, and the political culture in a country – all in all, general conditions that enable people to live a respectable life.
Dance in the store: on the use and production of music in Abercrombie & Fitch

This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the functions of music in stores and similar semi-public settings through a critical discourse analysis of the music in Abercrombie & Fitch (A&F). This is an important field of study, which can arguably only grow in significance. Semi-public commercial places are increasingly struggling to create a strong and appealing image or brand. A range of challenges facing the retail sector lay down the premises for such a struggle: a retail market ever more competitive, parity products en masse, increased sales via the Internet, time-pressured consumers and, currently, declining sales. For creating and preserving a strong brand, music can play a decisive role in combination with other supplementary aspects of store design such as scents, interior and décor. The article examines the following questions which are concerned with the aesthesis or perception of music rather than with its production or construction (itspoïesis): What are the defining structural and semiotic characteristics of the in-store music in A&F? In what way does the music combine with other semiotic resources on display in the store? How might the semiotic resources affect experiences and interactions among consumers and store assistants? Inspired by Norman Fairclough's model for critical discourse analysis and based on exploratory and open-ended observations in A&F stores in London and Copenhagen during 2011, the article begins with a text analysis and then proceeds to relevant dimensions of processing analysis and social analysis. In particular, three functions of the music in A&F are discussed: an ‘architectural function’, a ‘psychobiological function’ and a ‘knowledge activation function’.
Expression of vitamin D receptors and matrix metalloproteinases in osteoarthritic cartilage and human articular chondrocytes in vitro.

OBJECTIVES To examine the in situ distributions of vitamin D receptors (VDR) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in osteoarthritic cartilage for comparison with non-arthritic, normal cartilage; and to assess the in vitro effects of 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitaminD(3)(1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) on MMPs-1, -3 and -9 and prostaglandin E(2)(PGE(2)) production by cultures of human articular chondrocytes (HAC) shown to be VDR-positive. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry VDR expression in different specimens of osteoarthritic cartilage (N=11) was compared to that in normal cartilage (N=6), along with the immunodetection of MMPs-1, -3 and -9. The effects of 1alpha25(OH)(2)D(3)on MMP and PGE(2)production by HAC in vitro, with and without stimulation by TNFalpha or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), was evaluated using ELISA methodology. RESULTS VDR was demonstrated in HAC of all specimens of osteoarthritic cartilage, especially the superficial zone, whereas only two of five normal cartilage specimens were VDR(+)for a minor proportion of HAC. Immunolocalization of MMPs-1, -3 and -9 was often seen in areas where chondrocytes were VDR(+), and dual immunolocalization has demonstrated individual chondrocytes positive for both VDR and MMP-3 in situ. In vitro, 1alpha25(OH)(2)D(3)alone had no effect on MMP-1, -9 and PGE(2)production by HAC, but MMP-3 production was up-regulated by 1alpha25(OH)(2)D(3)either with or without stimulation with TNFalpha or PMA. By contrast the increased production of MMP-9 and PGE(2)induced by PMA was significantly suppressed by concomitant treatment with 1alpha25(OH)(2)D(3). CONCLUSIONS The demonstration of VDR expression by HAC in osteoarthritic cartilage was often associated with sites where MMP expression was prevalent, observations in contrast to their virtual absence in normal age-matched cartilage. Together with HAC in vitro studies, the data suggests that 1alpha25(OH)(2)D(3)contributes to the regulation of MMP and PGE(2)production by HAC in osteoarthritic cartilage.
Will Natural Resources Professionals Volunteer to Teach Youth?

A unique approach to volunteer marketing research involved a mail survey with natural resources professionals from across Pennsylvania. Previous work identified this group as a source of potential volunteers for the 4-H youth natural resources program. The results give insights into those most likely to volunteer to teach youth through 4-H programs. Self-percieved confidence with youth, confidence in knowledge about natural resources, and personal interest in the specific subject matter to be taught were key factors predicting willingness. Additionally, a need to fulfill feelings of social responsibility and high levels of outdoor activity were also important predictors. This study demonstrates the value of surveying and working with a specific population of potential volunteers to determine their promise for volunteer involvement and program expansion.
A cognitive model on attitude towards technology adoption

In this research, the cognitive process, which determined an attitude towards technology adoption, was found to be affected by six beliefs: compatibility; enhanced value; perceived benefits; adaptive experiences; perceived difficulty; and suppliers’ commitment. The study also found that the individual external environmental forces did not significantly influence the formation of a behavioural intention to adopt. Future research to investigate whether and how these external factors influence the subsequent diffusion process may be useful in order to develop a better understanding of the impact of the external environments on innovation diffusion in the industrial market.
Emergence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4: Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Three Distinct Epidemiological Profiles

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 (HCV-4) infection is considered to be difficult to treat and has become increasingly prevalent in European countries, including The Netherlands. Using a molecular epidemiological approach, the present study investigates the genetic diversity and evolutionary origin of HCV-4 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B sequences (668 bp) obtained from 133 patients newly diagnosed with HCV-4 infection over the period from 1999 to 2008 revealed eight distinct HCV-4 subtypes; the majority of HCV-4 isolates were of subtypes 4d (57%) and 4a (37%). Three distinct monophyletic clusters were identified, with each one having a specific epidemiological profile: (i) Egyptian immigrants infected with HCV-4a (n = 46), (ii) Dutch patients with a history of injecting drug use infected with HCV-4d (n = 44), and (iii) Dutch human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) infected with HCV-4d (n = 26). Subsequent molecular clock analyses confirmed that the emergence of HCV-4 within these three risk groups coincided with (i) the parenteral antischistosomal therapy campaigns in Egypt (1920 to 1960), (ii) the popularity of injecting drug use in The Netherlands (1960 to 1990), and (iii) the rise in high-risk sexual behavior among MSM after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1996 onwards). Our data show that in addition to the influx of HCV-4 strains from countries where HCV-4 is endemic, the local spread of HCV-4d affecting injecting drug users and, in recent years, especially HIV-positive MSM will further increase the relative proportion of HCV-4-infected patients in The Netherlands. HCV-4-specific agents are drastically needed to improve treatment response rates and decrease the future burden of HCV-4-related disease.
Cubic Graphs with Large Circumference Deficit

The circumference c(G) of a graph G is the length of a longest cycle. By exploiting our recent results on resistance of snarks, we construct infinite classes of cyclically 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐edge‐connected cubic graphs with circumference ratio c(G)/|V(G)| bounded from above by 0.876, 0.960, and 0.990, respectively. In contrast, the dominating cycle conjecture implies that the circumference ratio of a cyclically 4‐edge‐connected cubic graph is at least 0.75. Up to our knowledge, no upper bounds on this ratio have been known before for cubic graphs with cyclic edge‐connectivity above 3. In addition, we construct snarks with large girth and large circumference deficit, solving Problem 1 proposed in [J. Hägglund and K. Markström, On stable cycles and cycle double covers of graphs with large circumference, Disc Math 312 (2012), 2540–2544].
Motifs in Brain Networks

Complex brains have evolved a highly efficient network architecture whose structural connectivity is capable of generating a large repertoire of functional states. We detect characteristic network building blocks (structural and functional motifs) in neuroanatomical data sets and identify a small set of structural motifs that occur in significantly increased numbers. Our analysis suggests the hypothesis that brain networks maximize both the number and the diversity of functional motifs, while the repertoire of structural motifs remains small. Using functional motif number as a cost function in an optimization algorithm, we obtain network topologies that resemble real brain networks across a broad spectrum of structural measures, including small-world attributes. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that highly evolved neural architectures are organized to maximize functional repertoires and to support highly efficient integration of information.
Fundamental Limits for Privacy-Preserving Biometric Identification Systems That Support Authentication

In this paper, we analyze two types of biometric identification systems with protected templates that also support authentication. In the first system, two terminals observe biometric enrollment and identification sequences of a number of individuals. It is the goal of these terminals to form a common secret for the sequences belonging to the same individual by interchanging public (helper) messages of all individuals such that the information leakage about the secrets from these helper messages is negligible. These secret keys are used for authentication purposes. Moreover, the second terminal should be able to establish the identity of an individual based on the presented biometric identification sequence and helper messages. It is important to realize that biometric data are unique for individuals and cannot be replaced if compromised. Therefore, the helper messages should contain as little as possible information about the biometric data. In the second setting, we consider the first terminal does not generate secret keys from biometric sequences of individuals but chooses them uniformly at random. These keys are conveyed to the second terminal by communicating the corresponding helper messages. In this paper, we determine the fundamental tradeoffs between secret-key, identification, and privacy-leakage rates for both biometric settings.