Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety of a Rapidly Dissolving Buprenorphine/Naloxone Sublingual Tablet (BNX-RDT) for Treatment of Opioid Dependence: A Multicenter, Open-label Extension Study

Objective: To assess the safety of rapidly dissolving buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets (BNX-RDT) in opioid-dependent patients. Methods: This open-label, 24-week extension study enrolled patients who completed primary trials of BNX-RDT. Daily tablet doses ranged from 5.7 to 17.1 mg. The primary endpoint was safety; secondary assessments included opioid cravings, addiction severity, health-related quality of life (QOL), and workplace productivity at screening (final day of the primary trials) through study end, with changes measured from baseline of the primary trials. Results: In all, 665 patients received treatment; 292 (43.9%) completed the study. A total of 258 patients (38.8%) reported 557 treatment-emergent adverse events, most commonly headache (3.2%) and constipation (3.0%). Craving scores showed continued improvement on 100-mm visual analog scale (mean change from primary trial baseline, −52.8 at screening; mean change from extension trial baseline, −60.5 at week 24). Reductions in addiction severity from baseline of both the primary and extension trial were maintained through week 24 on multiple assessments, as were improvements in QOL on Short Form 36. Employment increased by 15% and mean (SD) hours worked per week increased by 4.6 (20.1) from baseline to study end. Mean (SD) scores for impact of opioid dependence on work productivity improved from 4.7 (3.0) at baseline to 0.9 (1.8) at study end (11-point scale). Conclusions: Extended treatment with BNX-RDT demonstrated a safety profile similar to other BNX formulations, reduced opioid cravings, and improved both QOL and work productivity. Continued treatment may enable patients to advance in recovery and return to normal functioning.
Clinical and economic benefits of extended treatment with apixaban for the treatment and prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in Canada

Abstract Background and objective Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with long-term clinical and economic burden. Clinical guidelines generally recommend at least 3 months of anticoagulation, but, in clinical practice, concerns over bleeding risk often limit extended treatment. Apixaban was studied for extended VTE treatment in the AMPLIFY-EXT trial, demonstrating superiority to placebo in VTE reduction without increasing risk of major bleeding. This study assessed the long-term clinical and economic benefits of extending treatment with apixaban when clinical equipoise exists compared to standard of care with enoxaparin/warfarin and other novel oral anti-coagulants (NOACs) for the treatment and prevention of recurrent VTE in Canada. Methods A Markov model was developed to follow patients with VTE over their lifetimes. Efficacy and safety for apixaban and enoxaparin/warfarin were based on AMPLIFY and AMPLIFY-EXT, while relative efficacy to other NOACs was synthesized by network meta-analysis (NMA). Dosages for NOACs and enoxaparin/warfarin were based on their respective trials and were given up to 18 months and up to 6 months, followed by no treatment, respectively. Patient quality adjusted life years (QALYs) were based on published studies, and costs for resource utilization were from a Ministry of Health perspective, expressed as 2014 CAD ($). Results Extended treatment with apixaban compared to enoxaparin/warfarin resulted in fewer recurrent VTEs, VTE-related deaths, and bleeding events, but at slightly increased cost. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $4828 per QALY gained. Compared to other NOACs, apixaban had the fewest bleeding events, similar recurrent VTE events, and the lowest overall cost, which was driven by the strong bleeding profile. In scenario analyses of acute and lifetime treatments, apixaban was cost-effective against all strategies. Conclusions Extended treatment with apixaban can offer substantial clinical benefits and is a cost-effective alternative to enoxaparin/warfarin and other NOACs.
Practical Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Quantification of Aortic Valve Stenosis: Comparison With Echocardiography

Background—Valvular pathology can be analyzed quickly and accurately through the use of Doppler ultrasound. For aortic stenosis, the continuity equation approach with Doppler velocity-time integral (VTI) data is by far the most commonly used clinical method of quantification. In view of the emerging popularity of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as a routine clinical imaging tool, the purposes of this study were to define the reliability of velocity-encoded CMR as a routine method for quantifying stenotic aortic valve area, to compare this method with the accepted standard, and to evaluate its reproducibility. Methods and Results—Patients (n=24) with aortic stenosis (ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 cm2) were imaged with CMR and echocardiography. Velocity-encoded CMR was used to obtain velocity information in the aorta and left ventricular outflow tract. From this flow data, pressure gradients were estimated by means of the modified Bernoulli equation, and VTIs were calculated to estimate aortic valve orifice dimensions by means of the continuity equation. The correlation coefficients between modalities for pressure gradients were r =0.83 for peak and r =0.87 for mean. The measurements of VTI correlated well, leading to an overall strong correlation between modalities for the estimation of valve dimension (r =0.83, by means of the identified best approach). For 5 patients, the CMR examination was repeated using the best approach. The repeat calculations of valve size correlated well (r =0.94). Conclusions—Velocity-encoded CMR can be used as a reliable, user-friendly tool to evaluate stenotic aortic valves. The measurements of pressure gradients, VTIs, and the valve dimension correlate well with the accepted standard of Doppler ultrasound.
Accurate decoding of reaching movements from field potentials in the absence of spikes

The recent explosion of interest in brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) has spurred research into choosing the optimal input signal source for a desired application. The signals with highest bandwidth—single neuron action potentials or spikes—typically are difficult to record for more than a few years after implantation of intracortical electrodes. Fortunately, field potentials recorded within the cortex (local field potentials, LFPs), at its surface (electrocorticograms, ECoG) and at the dural surface (epidural, EFPs) have also been shown to contain significant information about movement. However, the relative performance of these signals has not yet been directly compared. Furthermore, while it is widely postulated, it has not yet been demonstrated that these field potential signals are more durable than spike recordings. The aim of this study was to address both of these questions. We assessed the offline decoding performance of EFPs, LFPs and spikes, recorded sequentially, in primary motor cortex (M1) in terms of their ability to decode the target of reaching movements, as well as the endpoint trajectory. We also examined the decoding performance of LFPs on electrodes that are not recording spikes, compared with the performance when they did record spikes. Spikes were still present on some of the other electrodes throughout this study. We showed that LFPs performed nearly as well as spikes in decoding velocity, and slightly worse in decoding position and in target classification. EFP performance was slightly inferior to that reported for ECoG in humans. We also provided evidence demonstrating that movement-related information in the LFP remains high regardless of the ability to record spikes concurrently on the same electrodes. This is the first study to provide evidence that LFPs retain information about movement in the absence of spikes on the same electrodes. These results suggest that LFPs may indeed remain informative after spike recordings are lost, thereby providing a robust, accurate signal source for BMIs.
Police Officer Frustrations about Handling Domestic Violence Calls

Police officers have reported that their work is often stressful and responding to domestic violence calls is often viewed with frustration. Frustration can lead to poor health, low morale and behaviour problems. The primary sources of these frustrations have yet to be fully identified. A non-random sample of 74 Illinois police officers was surveyed to determine their greatest frustration about handling domestic violence calls. Their responses indicated that the officers were most frustrated by the behaviours of victims, the operation of the criminal courts, their department's operations and informal policies, and the complexities of applying the law. However, the majority of the responses indicated an attitude of seriousness toward the crime of domestic violence. The responses focused mainly on behaviours and circumstances that thwarted attempts to see batterers prosecuted.
Final warming of the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex in high‐ and low‐top CMIP5 models

The final warming date of the polar vortex is a key component of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric and tropospheric variability in spring and summer. We examine the effect of external forcings on Southern Hemisphere final warming date and the sensitivity of any projected changes to model representation of the stratosphere. Final warming date is calculated using a temperature‐based diagnostic for ensembles of high‐ and low‐top models from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), under the historical, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5) and RCP8.5 forcing scenarios. The final warming date in the models is generally too late in comparison with those from reanalyses: around 2 weeks too late in the low‐top ensemble, and around 1 week too late in the high‐top ensemble. Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is used to analyze past and future change in final warming date. Both the low‐ and high‐top ensemble show characteristic behavior expected in response to changes in greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone concentrations. In both ensembles, under both scenarios, an increase in final warming date is seen between 1850 and 2100, with the latest dates occurring in the early twenty‐first century, associated with the minimum in stratospheric ozone concentrations in this period. However, this response is more pronounced in the high‐top ensemble. The high‐top models show a delay in final warming date in the late 21st century in RCP8.5 that is not produced by the low‐top models, which are shown to be less responsive to greenhouse gas forcing. This suggests that it may be necessary to use stratosphere resolving models to accurately predict Southern Hemisphere surface climate change.
Managing up and down: community corrections middle managers’ role conflict and ambiguity during organizational change

Abstract Community corrections agencies in the United States must respond to and refine organizational practices depending on both internal (i.e. staff, resources, etc.) and external factors (i.e. political change, legislative action or union influence). Most prior studies emphasize the experiences of either upper management or line staff, but few studies focus on middle managers, who play a ‘strategic role’ in organizational reform. The current study explores the way(s) middle managers address policy implementation that often require reconcilement of conflict and ambiguity that often occur in translating policy to practice. The study uses ethnographic observations of and focus groups with 75 middle managers in a community corrections agency undergoing specialized training. Findings suggest middle managers resolve dissonance, and manage up, laterally and down, by employing three cognitive scripts: resignation, refocusing, and reinforcement. Each script presents distinct implications for organizational change processes and daily operations. Organizational reform creates deficits in middle managers’ role definition and more global impacts on their perception of organizational legitimacy within the agency’s goal framework. This work yields suggestions for future research and implications for mid-level managerial policy in corrections agencies.
THE EFFECT OF SAPONIFICATION UPON CERTAIN HISTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF THE EPITHELIAL MUCINS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

An increase in periodic acid-Schiff reactivity after saponification has been demonstrated in the gastrointestinal tract mucins of man, rat, rabbit and guinea pig. Tins pH-dependent phenomenon is independent of fixation and processing since it occurred in cryostat sections of fresh and formalin-fixed tissue and in paraffin sections of tissues fixed in eight different fixatives. In man and rat this effect occurs at the level of the ileocecal valve and below; in guinea pig it is confined to the large intestine and rectum; while in rabbits it occurs in Brunner's glands, the ileocecal valve and below. In man the increase is found throughout the crypts whereas in rabbits the effect is seen mainly at the luminal end; in rats it is seen largely at the base of the crypts; and in guinea pigs it is variable. This effect, due to an increase in the number of 1:2 glycol groups, is accompanied in man, rat and guinea pig by an increase in basophilia due to the presence of sulfate and/or other highly acidic groups.
European female sport students as future coaches?

Abstract Female coaches are strongly underrepresented in the world of sport. The role of the female coach has therefore received broad attention from scholars during the last three decades. Theoretical and empirical studies have focused on individual, cultural and structural gender barriers in trying to explain this underrepresentation. The purpose of this article is to contribute to this debate by investigating Norwegian and Czech female sport students’ coaching experiences, the significance of these experiences and their future coaching intentions. Mixed methods were used in the gathering of the data: a questionnaire to 407 female sport students and 19 semi-structured qualitative interviews. More than half of the sport students had coaching experience and 2/3 of them had future coaching intentions. Furthermore, coaching experiences seemed to be of importance for their coaching intentions which may be explained by their positive experiences as coaches. To have a female as a present coach also had a positive influence on coaching intentions. The conclusion focuses on the fact that if the intentions of these female sport students should be realised in the future, the gendered nature and the inhospitable climate of sport have to be changed.
Liquidity Constraints and Consumer Bankruptcy: Evidence from Tax Rebates

Abstract We estimate the extent to which legal and administrative fees prevent liquidity-constrained households from declaring bankruptcy. To do so, we study how the 2001 and 2008 tax rebates affected consumer bankruptcy filings. We exploit the randomized timing of the rebate checks and estimate that the rebates caused a significant short-run increase in consumer bankruptcies in both years, with larger effects in 2008 when the rebates were more generous and more widely distributed. Using hand-collected data from individual bankruptcy petitions, we document that households that filed shortly after receiving their rebate checks had higher average liabilities and liabilities-to-income ratios.
Failure of the bovine papillomavirus to transform mouse embryo fibroblasts with a targeted disruption of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor genes

Mouse embryo cells with a targeted disruption of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) genes (R- cells) are refractory to transformation by the simian virus 40 large T antigen and/or an activated and overexpressed Ras, both of which readily transform cells from wild-type littermate embryos and other 3T3-like cells. R- cells are also refractory to transformation induced by overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta. Since the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta is required for transformation by bovine papillomavirus, we inquired whether the IGF-IR was also required for transformation by bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein. We show here that R- cells are refractory to transformation by E5; reintroduction into R- cells of a human IGF-IR restores the susceptibility to transformation.
Generation of Interpersonal Stressful Events

This study developed two specifications of the social skills deficit stress generation hypothesis: the “gender-incongruence” hypothesis to predict peer victimization and the “need for autonomy” hypothesis to predict conflict with authorities. These hypotheses were tested in a prospective large population cohort of 2,064 Dutch young adolescents. Social skills and pubertal timing were measured when the sample was about 11 years old, and stressful life events were measured 2.5 years later at follow-up. As predicted by the gender-incongruence hypothesis, poor assertion in boys and poor self-control in girls were associated with peer victimization. Consistent with the need for autonomy hypothesis, poor self-control was associated with conflict with authorities, in both boys and girls. Furthermore, early physical maturation exacerbated the effect of poor self-control on conflict with authorities for both genders. These specific associations provide more insights in the pathways that result in the experience of interpersonal stressors in young adolescents.
Risk factors for drug resistant tuberculosis in southeast Turkey

SUMMARY We undertook a cross-sectional survey of 116 patients at Dicle Hospital, Turkey, who had with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis (TB). Demographic and clinical features, including age, gender, pulmonary TB history, associated diabetes mellitus, previous TB treatment, residential area and education, were collected from charts. Eighty-four of the strains were found to be susceptible to all drugs. The resistance to one or more drug(s) was found in 32 strains. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB was found in 13 strains (11.3% of the total and 40.7% of the drug resistant strains). The resistance to isoniazid was the most frequently seen (25 strains, 21.5%). In the multivariable analysis, only previous TB treatment (P = 0.000) remained a significant predictor for drug resistance; in MDR, previous TB treatments (P = 0.002) remained significant in the final model. The patient's educational status was found to be negatively correlated with the risk of MRD-TB (P = 0.035). Previous TB treatment and low educational status were found to important risk factors for the development of MDR-TB.
Asymptotic Time Domain Evaluation of a Multilevel Multiphase PWM Converter Voltage Quality

Voltage total harmonic distortion and quadratic voltage ripple criteria are accepted figures of merit of a multilevel pulse width modulation (PWM) converter voltage quality. The dominating frequency domain approach does not deliver simple closed-form expressions and practically requires accounting up to 40-50 switching harmonics. Assuming infinitely high switching frequency, suggested time domain approach to a multilevel multiphase PWM voltage quality evaluation provides closed-form piece-wise analytical solutions. These simple formulas clearly reveal the dependence on modulation index for arbitrary voltage level and odd phase numbers. The results are applicable to any type of multilevel converters (including interleaved, open winding and other) operated with nearest level/nearest space vector modulation and relatively high switching frequency.
Curriculum, Classroom Management and Discipline for the Aboriginal Student

The Director-General of Education in 1982, Mr. D.Swan, stated that Aboriginal education had two purposes: to enhance the development and learning of Aboriginal students and to enable all students to have some knowledge, understanding and appreciation of Aborigines and their cultural heritage (Aboriginal Education Unit, 1982, p.5). Unfortunately, today Aboriginal students still do not enjoy compatible success and participation rates to those of non-Aboriginal students. They are predominantly taught irrelvant curriculums and faced with inappropriate teacher classroom management and discipline styles. Subsequently, many Aboriginal students view schools as alien and hostile places. Schools do not meet Aboriginal students’ needs and problems of low self-esteem, motivation, academic achievement and a sense of safety and belonging often occur. Aboriginal students often do not behave in the same manner as non-Aboriginal students and teachers should be aware of the purposes of Aboriginal students’ behaviour and of the family and cultural influences which shape Aboriginals’ feelings, attitudes and values. There is a need in our schools for the inclusion of more Aboriginal perspectives in curriculums and for teachers to become aware of the need to change the way they teach and interact with Aboriginal students.
Ac2PIM-responsive miR-150 and miR-143 Target Receptor-interacting Protein Kinase 2 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-activated Kinase 1 to Suppress NOD2-induced Immunomodulators*

Background: Ac2PIM signals via TLR2 to direct both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Results: Ac2PIM induces miR-150/143 via SRC-FAK-PYK2-CREB-P300 signaling to target RIP2 and TAK1 and subdues MDP-stimulated PI3K-PKC-MAPK-β-catenin axis. Conclusion: Ac2PIM-mediated TLR2 signaling suppresses the NOD2-induced immunomodulators viz. COX-2, SOCS-3, and MMP-9. Significance: TLR2-NOD2 crosstalk accentuated the utilities of Ac2PIM and MDP as vaccine adjuvant. Specific and coordinated regulation of innate immune receptor-driven signaling networks often determines the net outcome of the immune responses. Here, we investigated the cross-regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)2 pathways mediated by Ac2PIM, a tetra-acylated form of mycobacterial cell wall component and muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a peptidoglycan derivative respectively. While Ac2PIM treatment of macrophages compromised their ability to induce NOD2-dependent immunomodulators like cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, no change in the NOD2-responsive NO, TNF-α, VEGF-A, and IL-12 levels was observed. Further, genome-wide microRNA expression profiling identified Ac2PIM-responsive miR-150 and miR-143 to target NOD2 signaling adaptors, RIP2 and TAK1, respectively. Interestingly, Ac2PIM was found to activate the SRC-FAK-PYK2-CREB cascade via TLR2 to recruit CBP/P300 at the promoters of miR-150 and miR-143 and epigenetically induce their expression. Loss-of-function studies utilizing specific miRNA inhibitors establish that Ac2PIM, via the miRNAs, abrogate NOD2-induced PI3K-PKCδ-MAPK pathway to suppress β-catenin-mediated expression of COX-2, SOCS-3, and MMP-9. Our investigation has thus underscored the negative regulatory role of Ac2PIM-TLR2 signaling on NOD2 pathway which could broaden our understanding on vaccine potential or adjuvant utilities of Ac2PIM and/or MDP.