Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Video from a single coded exposure photograph using a learned over-complete dictionary

Cameras face a fundamental tradeoff between the spatial and temporal resolution - digital still cameras can capture images with high spatial resolution, but most high-speed video cameras suffer from low spatial resolution. It is hard to overcome this tradeoff without incurring a significant increase in hardware costs. In this paper, we propose techniques for sampling, representing and reconstructing the space-time volume in order to overcome this tradeoff. Our approach has two important distinctions compared to previous works: (1) we achieve sparse representation of videos by learning an over-complete dictionary on video patches, and (2) we adhere to practical constraints on sampling scheme which is imposed by architectures of present image sensor devices. Consequently, our sampling scheme can be implemented on image sensors by making a straightforward modification to the control unit. To demonstrate the power of our approach, we have implemented a prototype imaging system with per-pixel coded exposure control using a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) device. Using both simulations and experiments on a wide range of scenes, we show that our method can effectively reconstruct a video from a single image maintaining high spatial resolution.
Re‐induction chemoimmunotherapy with epratuzumab in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Phase II results from Children's Oncology Group (COG) study ADVL04P2

Given the success of immunotherapeutic approaches in hematologic malignancies, the COG designed a phase I/II study to determine whether the addition of epratuzumab (anti‐CD22) to an established chemotherapy platform improves rates of second remission (CR2) in pediatric patients with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) and early bone marrow relapse.
Auxin Regulates the Initiation and Radial Position of Plant Lateral Organs

Leaves originate from the shoot apical meristem, a small mound of undifferentiated tissue at the tip of the stem. Leaf formation begins with the selection of a group of founder cells in the so-called peripheral zone at the flank of the meristem, followed by the initiation of local growth and finally morphogenesis of the resulting bulge into a differentiated leaf. Whereas the mechanisms controlling the switch between meristem propagation and leaf initiation are being identified by genetic and molecular analyses, the radial positioning of leaves, known as phyllotaxis, remains poorly understood. Hormones, especially auxin and gibberellin, are known to influence phyllotaxis, but their specific role in the determination of organ position is not clear. We show that inhibition of polar auxin transport blocks leaf formation at the vegetative tomato meristem, resulting in pinlike naked stems with an intact meristem at the tip. Microapplication of the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to the apex of such pins restores leaf formation. Similarly, exogenous IAA induces flower formation on Arabidopsis pin-formed1-1 inflorescence apices, which are blocked in flower formation because of a mutation in a putative auxin transport protein. Our results show that auxin is required for and sufficient to induce organogenesis both in the vegetative tomato meristem and in the Arabidopsis inflorescence meristem. In this study, organogenesis always strictly coincided with the site of IAA application in the radial dimension, whereas in the apical–basal dimension, organ formation always occurred at a fixed distance from the summit of the meristem. We propose that auxin determines the radial position and the size of lateral organs but not the apical–basal position or the identity of the induced structures.
Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals maturation as a mechanism underlying glucocorticoid resistance in B lineage ALL and re‐sensitization by JNK inhibition

Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is a continuing clinical problem in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A proteomic approach was used to compare profiles of the B‐lineage ALL GC‐sensitive cell line, PreB 697, and its GC‐resistant sub‐line, R3F9, pre‐ and post‐dexamethasone exposure. PAX5, a transcription factor critical to B‐cell development was differentially regulated in the PreB 697 compared to the R3F9 cell line in response to GC. PAX5 basal protein expression was less in R3F9 compared to its GC‐sensitive parent and confirmed to be lower in other GC‐resistant sub‐lines of Pre B 697 and was associated with a decreased expression of the PAX5 transcriptional target, CD19. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that increasing GC‐resistance was associated with differentiation from preB‐II to an immature B‐lymphocyte stage. GC‐resistant sub‐lines were shown to have higher levels of phosphorylated JNK compared to the parent line and JNK inhibition caused re‐sensitization to GC. Exploiting this maturation may be key to overcoming GC resistance and targeting signalling pathways linked to the maturation state, such as JNK, may be a novel approach.
Human Papillomavirus Integration and its Role in Cervical Malignant Progression

High risk Human Papilloma Virus (HR-HPV) DNA integration into the human genome is one of the key stages in the progression of cervical neoplasia. This mini-review highlights the importance of HPV integration as a potential biomarker for cervical screening and briefly describes the main methods used to detect HPV integration: Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts (APOT), Restriction Site PCR (RS-PCR), Southern blot and Detection of Integrated Papillomavirus Sequences (DIPS). The potential mechanisms of HPV integration are discussed with a focus on DNA instability; site of integration; and transcriptional regulation of integrants. This article provides an overview of the role HPV integration plays in malignant progression.
Entrepreneurial Competencies: The Missing Links to Successful Entrepreneurship in Nigeria

The strategic role of the entrepreneur as an agent of economic transformation in society is visible in employment and wealth generation, stimulation of indigenous entrepreneurship or promotion of entrepreneurial culture. The Nigerian government has accordingly created the enabling environment to nurture entrepreneurial development, through the establishment of various agencies to provide financial resources to small and medium scale enterprise operators or entrepreneurs. Despite the provision of financial resources to these entrepreneurs, there is still a high rate of entrepreneurial failure. The paper advocated a shift in paradigm in re-thinking entrepreneurial failure in the country. The missing links to successful entrepreneurship were identified to be entrepreneurial competencies, defined as the cluster of related knowledge, attitudes, and skills which an entrepreneur must acquire or possess to enable him produce outstanding performance and maximize profit in the business. These entrepreneurial competencies were the critical success factors to entrepreneurship, and they deserve serious consideration in entrepreneurial discourse and not to be neglected.
Similar patient-reported outcomes and performance after total knee arthroplasty with or without patellar resurfacing

Background and purpose — Knee pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is not uncommon. Patellar retention in TKA is one cause of postoperative knee pain, and may lead to secondary addition of a patellar component. Patellar resurfacing in TKA is controversial. Its use ranges from 2% to 90% worldwide. In this randomized study, we compared the outcome after patellar resurfacing and after no resurfacing. Patients and methods — We performed a prospective, randomized study of 74 patients with primary osteoarthritis who underwent a Triathlon CR TKA. The patients were randomized to either patellar resurfacing or no resurfacing. They filled out the VAS pain score and KOOS questionnaires preoperatively, and VAS pain, KOOS, and patient satisfaction 3, 12, and 72 months postoperatively. Physical performance tests were performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Results — We found similar scores for VAS pain, patient satisfaction, and KOOS 5 subscales at 3, 12, and 72 months postoperatively in the 2 groups. Physical performance tests 3 months postoperatively were also similar in the 2 groups. No secondary resurfacing was performed in the group with no resurfacing during the first 72 months Interpretation — Patellar resurfacing in primary Triathlon CR TKA is of no advantage regarding pain, physical performance, KOOS 5 subscales, or patient satisfaction compared to no resurfacing. None of the patients were reoperated with secondary addition of a patellar component within 6 years. According to these results, routine patellar resurfacing in primary Triathlon TKA appears to be unnecessary.
Structural and Functional Role of Acetyltransferase hMOF K274 Autoacetylation*

Many histone acetyltransferases undergo autoacetylation, either through chemical or enzymatic means, to potentiate enzymatic cognate substrate lysine acetylation, although the mode and molecular role of such autoacetylation is poorly understood. The MYST family of histone acetyltransferases is autoacetylated at an active site lysine residue to facilitate cognate substrate lysine binding and acetylation. Here, we report on a detailed molecular investigation of Lys-274 autoacetylation of the human MYST protein Males Absent on the First (hMOF). A mutational scan of hMOF Lys-274 reveals that all amino acid substitutions of this residue are able to bind cofactor but are significantly destabilized, both in vitro and in cells, and are catalytically inactive for cognate histone H4 peptide lysine acetylation. The x-ray crystal structure of a hMOF K274P mutant suggests that the reduced stability and catalytic activity stems from a disordering of the residue 274-harboring a α2-β7 loop. We also provide structural evidence that a C316S/E350Q mutant, which is defective for cognate substrate lysine acetylation; and biochemical evidence that a K268M mutant, which is defective for Lys-274 chemical acetylation in the context of a K274-peptide, can still undergo quantitative K274 autoacetylation. Together, these studies point to the critical and specific role of hMOF Lys-274 autoacetylation in hMOF stability and cognate substrate acetylation and argues that binding of Ac-CoA to hMOF likely drives Lys-274 autoacetylation for subsequent cognate substrate acetylation.
A novel strain enhanced CMOS architecture using selectively deposited high tensile and high compressive silicon nitride films

A novel CMOS architecture utilizing tensile/compressive silicon nitride capping layers to induce tensile/compressive strain in NMOSFET/PMOSFET channel regions was developed. NMOSFET device delivers 1.05mA//spl mu/m on-current for 70nA//spl mu/m off-current at IV drain voltage. PMOS device exhibits peak 66% increase of linear drain current and 55% increase of saturation current. It was shown that drain current improvements both for N- and PMOSFETs strongly correlate with channel doping levels. Therefore, advanced methods of shallow and low resistance junction formation are required for maintaining low channel doping concentration and efficiently utilizing channel strain at sub-40nm gate length.
Photoluminescent porous polycrystalline silicon

Recently, visible photoluminescence (PL) has been observed in porous Si layers formed by anodized or stain-etched polycrystalline Si. The new luminescent porous poly-Si (PPS) films can be formed on glass substrates or integrated into parts of Si ICc, hence opening up numerous novel opto-electronic device designs and applications. In this paper present new results on the effect of etching conditions and XRD peaks on PL emission from PPS films. Possible explanations and models, including preliminary studies on PPS formation kinetics, are also proposed and discussed.
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr and other viruses in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Sixty-eight children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were tested for antibodies to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus and to other viruses. The antibody response to the test viruses in these children was unremarkable, with the exception of EB virus, where the presence of complement-fixing antibodies in children tested during the first month of their illness suggested that a higher proportion had previous experience with this virus than was the case in control children. The implications of this observation with regard to leukaemogenesis are discussed.
Partially Neutralizing Potency against Emerging Genotype I Virus among Children Received Formalin-Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine

Background Genotype I (GI) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) that replaced GIII virus has become the dominant circulating virus in Asia. Currently, all registered live and inactivated JEV vaccines are derived from genotype III viruses. In Taiwan, the compulsory JEV vaccination policy recommends that children receives four doses of formalin-inactivated Nakayama (GIII) JEV vaccine. Methodology/Principal Findings To evaluate the influence of genotype replacement on the post-vaccination viral neutralizing ability by GIII and GI viruses, the small panel of vaccinated-children serum specimens was assembled, and the reciprocal 50% plaque-reduction neutralizing antibody titers (PRNT50) were measured against Nakayama vaccine strain, CJN GIII human brain isolate and TC2009-1 GI mosquito isolate. The seropositivity rate (PRNT50≥1∶10) and geometric mean titers (GMT) against the TC2009-1 virus were the lowest among the three viruses. The protective threshold against the CJN and TC2009-1 viruses could only be achieved when the GMT against Nakayama virus was ≥1∶20 or ≥1∶80, respectively. Using undiluted vaccinees' sera, the enhancement of JEV infection in K562 cells was observed in some low or non-neutralizing serum specimens. Conclusions/Significance Our preliminary study has shown that neutralizing antibodies, elicited by the mouse brain-derived and formalin-inactivated JEV Nakayama vaccine among a limited number of vaccinees, have reduced neutralizing capacity against circulating GI virus, but more detailed studies are needed to address the potential impact on the future vaccine policy.
Gap-tunable Ag-nanorod arrays on alumina nanotip arrays as effective SERS substrates

Large area arrays of length-tunable alumina nanotips on the joints of hexagonally patterned conical-pores in an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template are achieved via a repeated process of anodizing Al foil for pore growth downwards and phosphoric acid etching for pore-widening. By top-view sputtering Ag on the alumina nanotip arrays, hexagonally patterned arrays of Ag-nanorods (Ag-NRs) on the alumina nanotips and uniformly distributed Ag-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the upper rim of the inner surface of the conical-pores are obtained and they exhibit strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity due to the high density of sub-10 nm gaps between the nearest neighboring Ag-NRs and between the adjacent Ag-NPs. The resultant nanostructures are tailored to attain an optimal SERS enhancement factor of ∼3.2 × 107 by tuning the Ag-sputtering duration. SERS measurements demonstrate that the as-fabricated large-scale Ag-nanostructures can serve as highly sensitive and reproducible SERS substrates. Finite element method calculation also confirms that the fabricated substrates possess excellent SERS activity. By modifying the Ag-NR arrays with mono-6-thio-β-cyclodextrin, the SERS detection limit of PCB-77 (a congener of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) reaches 10−6 M, showing potential in SERS-based rapid detection of trace PCBs, a kind of global environmental hazardous material.
Immunohistochemical study of pig retinal development

Purpose The pig eye is similar to the human eye in terms of anatomy, vasculature, and photoreceptor distribution, and therefore provides an attractive animal model for research into retinal disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize retinal histology in the developing and mature pig retina using antibodies to well established retinal cell markers commonly used in rodents. Methods Eyes were enucleated from fetuses in the 9th week of gestation, 1 week old piglets and 6 months old adult animals. Eyeglobes were fixed and cryosectioned. A panel of antibodies to well established retinal markers was employed for immunohistochemistry. Fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies were used for signal detection, and images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Mouse retina at postnatal day (P) 5 was used as a reference for this study to compare progression of histogenesis. Most of the primary antibodies have previously been used on mouse tissue. Results Most of the studied markers were detected in midgestation pig retina, and the majority had a similar distribution in pig as in P5 mouse retina. However, rhodopsin immunolabeling was detected in pig retina at midgestation but not in P5 mouse retina. Contrary to findings in all rodents, horizontal cells were Islet1-positive and cones were calbindin-immunoreactive in pig retina, as has also been shown for the primate retina. Recoverin and rhodopsin immunolabeling revealed an increase in the length of photoreceptor segments in 6 months, compared to 1 week old animals. Conclusions Comparison with the published data on human retina revealed similar marker distribution and histogenesis progression in the pig and human retina, supporting the pig as a valuable animal model for studies on retinal disease and repair. Furthermore, this study provides information about the dynamics of retinal histogenesis in the pig and validates a panel of antibodies that reliably detects developing and mature retinal cell phenotypes in the pig retina.
Biogeosciences An oceanic fixed nitrogen sink exceeding 400 TgNa − 1 vs the concept of homeostasis in the fixed-nitrogen inventory

Measurements of the N 2 produced by denitrifica-tion, a better understanding of non-canonical pathways for N 2 production such as the anammox reaction, better appreciation of the multiple environments in which denitrification can occur (e.g. brine pockets in ice, within particles outside of suboxic water, etc.) suggest that it is unlikely that the oceanic denitrification rate is less than 400 Tg N a −1. Because this sink term far exceeds present estimates for nitrogen fixation, the main source for oceanic fixed-N, there is a large apparent deficit (∼200 Tg N a −1) in the oceanic fixed-N budget. The size of the deficit appears to conflict with apparent constraints of the atmospheric carbon dioxide and sed-imentary δ 15 N records that suggest homeostasis during the Holocene. In addition, the oceanic nitrate/phosphate ratio tends to be close to the canonical Redfield biological uptake ratio of 16 (by N and P atoms) which can be interpreted to indicate the existence of a powerful feedback mechanism that forces the system towards a balance. The main point of this paper is that one cannot solve this conundrum by reducing the oceanic sink term. To do so would violate an avalanche of recent data on oceanic denitrification. A solution to this problem may be as simple as an upwards revision of the oceanic nitrogen fixation rate, and it is noted that most direct estimates for this term have concentrated on nitrogen fixation by autotrophs in the photic zone, even though nitrogen fixing genes are widespread. Another simple explanation may be that we are simply no longer in the Holocene and one might expect to see temporary imbalances in the oceanic fixed-N budget as we transition from the Holocene to the Anthropocene in line with an apparent deni-trification maximum during the Glacial-Holocene transition. Other possible full or partial explanations involve plausible changes in the oceanic nitrate/phosphate and N/C ratios, an oceanic phosphorus budget that may also be in deficit, and oscillations in the source and sink terms that are short enough to be averaged out in the atmospheric and geologic records, but which could, perhaps, last long enough to have significant impacts.
Location-Dependent Excitatory Synaptic Interactions in Pyramidal Neuron Dendrites

Neocortical pyramidal neurons (PNs) receive thousands of excitatory synaptic contacts on their basal dendrites. Some act as classical driver inputs while others are thought to modulate PN responses based on sensory or behavioral context, but the biophysical mechanisms that mediate classical-contextual interactions in these dendrites remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that if two excitatory pathways bias their synaptic projections towards proximal vs. distal ends of the basal branches, the very different local spike thresholds and attenuation factors for inputs near and far from the soma might provide the basis for a classical-contextual functional asymmetry. Supporting this possibility, we found both in compartmental models and electrophysiological recordings in brain slices that the responses of basal dendrites to spatially separated inputs are indeed strongly asymmetric. Distal excitation lowers the local spike threshold for more proximal inputs, while having little effect on peak responses at the soma. In contrast, proximal excitation lowers the threshold, but also substantially increases the gain of distally-driven responses. Our findings support the view that PN basal dendrites possess significant analog computing capabilities, and suggest that the diverse forms of nonlinear response modulation seen in the neocortex, including uni-modal, cross-modal, and attentional effects, could depend in part on pathway-specific biases in the spatial distribution of excitatory synaptic contacts onto PN basal dendritic arbors.
Nonlinear Structural Response of Laminated Composite Plates Subjected to Blast Loading

We are concerned with the theoretical analysis of the laminated composite plates exposed to normal blast shock waves as well as presenting correlation between the theoretical analysis and the experimental results of the strain time histories. The laminated composite plate is clamped at all edges. On the theoretical side of the study, dynamic equations of the plates are derived by the use of the virtual work principle within the framework of the Love theory of plates. The geometric nonlinearity effects are taken into account with von Karman assumptions. Then the governing equations of the laminated plate are solved by the Runge-Kutta-Verner method. A new displacement function is considered for the theoretical solution of the blast-loaded clamped plate. Furthermore, finite element modeling and analysis for the blast-loaded composite plates are presented. On the experimental side of the study, tests have been carried out on the laminated composite plates with clamped edges for two different blast loads. The results of theoretical and finite element methods are compared with the experimental results. Theoretical and finite element analyses results are in a good agreement. There is a qualitative agreement between the analyses and experimental results in the first load case. The predicted peak strains and response frequency are in an agreement with the experimental results for first load case. Thus the theoretical solution may be used for providing material in the preliminary design stage. There is a difference between the analysis and experimental results in the second load case because of the extremely large deflections. In this study the effects of loading conditions, geometrical properties, and material properties are separately examined on the dynamic behavior, as well.