Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural difference between the 5' termini of viral and cellular mRNA in poliovirus-infected cells: possible basis for the inhibition of host protein synthesis

Host protein synthesis in poliovirus-infected HeLa cells is interrupted, but the host mRNA appears to remain completely intact and unmodified. The average size and poly (A) content of host mRNA was previously known to be unchanged (Koschel, 1974; Leibowitz and Penman, 1971), and this was confirmed. In addition, the 5' terminal methylated "cap" structures remained intact, and no further base modifications at the level of 1 base in 1,000 could be detected. Poliovirus RNA from viruses was previously shown not to have "caps" (Wimmer, 1972), and in this work poliovirus RNA from polyribosomes was found to have pUp at its 5' end. Since, initiation of protein synthesis is probably the basis for the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis in infected cells, the difference in the 5' ends of the host cell and viral RNA could be the basis of selective translation of viral RNA during infection.
Gambling With Virtue: Japanese Women and the Search for Self in a Changing Nation

Gambling with Virtue rings with the voices of women speaking openly about their struggle to be both modern and Japanese in the late twentieth century. It brings to the fore the complexity of women's everyday lives as they navigate through home, work, and community. Meanwhile, women fashion selves that acknowledge and challenge the social order. Nancy Rosenberger gives us their voices and experiences, interspersed with discussions of public ideas of the last three decades that have contributed significantly to the opportunities and risks women encountered in their journeys. Rosenberger uses the stage as a metaphor to demonstrate how everyday life requires Japanese women to be skilled performers. She shows how they function of stage in their accepted roles while effecting small but significant changes backstage. Over the last thirty years, Japanese women have expanded their influence and extended this cultural process of multiple arenas to find compromises between the old virtues of personhood and the new ideas for self. The women conform, maneuver, and make choices within these multiple stages as they juggle various concerns and desires. By the 1990s their personal choices had made a difference, calling into question the very nature of these multiple arenas. Highly accessible and enjoyable to read, Gambling with Virtue opens up the changing world of Japanese women to a wide range of readers. Its exploration of social change and women in Japan, non-Western versions of women's search for empowerment, cross-cultural notions of self, and the relation of public discourses with human agency in late capitalism will be of interest to students and specialists of Japanese studies, women studies, cross-cultural psychology, anthropology, and sociology.
Hand Preferences in New World Primates

Studies ofhand preference s in the platyrrhine species are reviewed. Hand preferences of the New World species have been recorded during feeding activities, visuospatial reaching, haptic discrimination, tool use and in a variety of routine tasks using the hands. Of the New World species tested so far, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchiis) and squirrel monkeys {Saimiri sciureus), appear to be the only species that do not display handedness in feeding activities: at the population level both species display a symmetrical distribution of hand preferences. It appears that only one New World primate species, the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), displays left handedness during feeding while the other species are right handed or have no handedness. Thus,tlie findings for hand use in feeding do not support the Postural Origins hypothesis of MacNeilage et al. (1987) as it predicts left handedness rather than right in the arboreal platyrrhine species. Overall, tlie reports of handedness for tasks requiring complex visuospatial or tactile processing in the New World primates concur with those reported for humans, who have left handedness in haptic discrimination and complex visuospatial tasks and right handedness for manipulative tasks. Squirrel monkeys are left handed when reaching for moving objects and capuchins display left handedness in haptic discrimination tasks, and right handedness during sponging tasks. There is strong evidence of an effect of posture on the strength of hand preferences, and some affects of age and gender on hand use have also been reported. However, these variables do not influence hand preferences consistently across species or across tasks conducted with the same species.
Ethnic Identity in Acculturation Research

This study explored the salience and predictive value of the identity dimension of acculturation among 351 Jewish refugees from the former Soviet Union in the United States. Whereas bidirectional acculturation models consider only two identities—ethnic identification with the culture of origin (Russian) and identification as a member of one’s new society (American)—this study broadens the examination of identity to include a third component—Jewish identity. Jewish identity was found to be the most salient of the three but predicted only one of the aspects of psychological adjustment—alienation. Findings underscore the need for the acculturation field to incorporate the possibility of more than two cultures into the explanatory framework and to examine the extent to which ethnocultural identities are contextually bound.
Increasing Latina/o Students' Baccalaureate Attainment

Notwithstanding years of retention efforts, graduation rates of Latinas/os remain alarmingly low. The purpose of this review is threefold. First, the authors go beyond traditional theory and highlight those scholars who shed new information on retention for Latina/o students. Second, they summarize factors that specifically affect Latina/o students. Third, promising practices for effectively retaining Latina/o students in higher education institutions are highlighted. n: A pesar de los años de esfuerzos en retención el porcentaje de graduación de latinas/os se mantiene alarmantemente bajo. El propósito de esta revisión es tripartita. Primero, vamos más hallá de la teoría tradicional y señalamos aquellos académicos que presentan información nueva sobre la retención de estudiantes latinas/os. Segundo, resumimos los factores que afectan específicamente a los estudiantes latinos/as. Tercero, subrayamos prácticas prometedoras para la retención efectiva de estudiantes latinas/os en educación superior.
Measurement of overinflation by multiple linear regression analysis in patients with acute lung injury.

Strategies to optimize alveolar recruitment and prevent lung overinflation are central to ventilatory management of patients with acute lung injury (ALI). The recent description of overinflation using multilinear regression analysis of airway pressure (Paw) and flow (V') data allows a functional assessment of lung mechanics. However, this technique has not been studied in ALI patients. During 15 positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) trials in 10 ALI patients, respiratory elastance was partitioned into volume-independent (E1) and volume-dependent (E2VT) components, where Paw=(E1+E2VT)V+RrsV'+Po; where V is volume, VT is tidal volume, Rrs is respiratory resistance and Po is static recoil pressure at end-expiration (equivalent to total PEEP). Then, %E2 was calculated as (100E2VT)/(E1+E2VT); a measure of lung overinflation when %E2>30%. Alveolar recruitment, assessed as a PEEP-induced increase in V>50 mL at a constant Paw occurred in 14 of 15 trials (299+/-34 mL, mean+/-SEM), but was independent of the degree of lung inflation. Lung overinflation was common (six of 15 clinically set PEEP levels) and occurred despite a dynamic elastic distending pressure (Pel,dyn) <30 cmH2O during 18 of 36 PEEP titrations. During a PEEP titration the resultant %E2 was directly related to delta(peak airway pressure-Po) (rs=0.86, p<0.001) and delta(Pel,dyn-Po) (rs=0.89, p<0.001). The 95% predictive intervals for a 2 cmH2O change in either driving pressure were %E2 values of 30.4-68.1% and 32.8-69.2%, respectively. Single or continuous measurement of %E2 (a measure of lung inflation) is a readily available method for titrating ventilatory parameters. Further, during a positive end-expiratory pressure titration a change in ventilatory driving pressure > or =2 cmH2O is indicative of overinflation.
Legal reasoning with argumentation schemes

Legal reasoning typically requires a variety of argumentation schemes to be used together. A legal case may raise issues requiring argument from precedent cases, rules, policy goals, moral principles, jurisprudential doctrine, social values and evidence. We present an extensible software architecture which allows diverse computational models of argumentation schemes to be used together in an integrated way to construct and search for arguments. The architecture has been implemented in Carneades, a software library for building argumentation tools. The architecture is illustrated with models of schemes for argument from ontologies, rules, cases and testimonial evidence and compared to blackboard systems for hybrid reasoning.
Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Bipolar Disorder A Preliminary Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: (cid:118) 3 Fatty acids may inhibit neuronal signal transduction pathways in a manner similar to that of lithium carbonate and valproate, 2 effective treatments for bipolar disorder. The present study was performed to examine whether (cid:118) 3 fatty acids also exhibit mood-stabilizing properties in bipolar disorder. Methods: A 4-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, comparing (cid:118) 3 fatty acids (9.6 g/d) vs placebo (olive oil), in addition to usual treatment, in 30 patients with bipolar disorder. Results: A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the cohort found that the (cid:118) 3 fatty acid patient group had a significantly longer period of remission than the placebo group ( P = .002; Mantel-Cox). In addition, for nearly every other outcome measure, the (cid:118) 3 fatty acid group performed better than the placebo group. Conclusion: (cid:118) 3 Fatty acids were
Attentional Control, Distractors, and Motor Performance

This study addressed the nature of potential auditory and visual distractors and their influence on the learning of two motor tasks. The extent to which an attentional-focus training program could be used to overcome external and unpredictable distractor occurrences was determined. Eight treatment condi- tions were created by crossing two levels of attentional training and four levels of distractors (noise, light, noise and light, and no distractor). Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each treatment condition, and two target-throwing tasks were performed with the nondominant hand. Thrget accuracy for the 80 trials was recorded by a microcomputer. The separate Attentional 'Itain- ing x Distractor x nial Block (2 x 4 x 6) mixed-design analyses revealed four significant interactions. Overall, the data indicated that the attentional-focus training group was more accurate and consistent than the no-attentional- training group early and later in learning. In addition, distractor groups that experienced atte.
Profiling of PDR1 and MSH2 in Candida glabrata Bloodstream Isolates from a Multicenter Study in China

ABSTRACT Among 158 Candida glabrata bloodstream isolates collected from numerous centers in China, a resistance to fluconazole was seen in 8.9%. Three isolates (1.9%) were resistant to all echinocandins. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that sequence type 7 ([ST7] 65.8%) was the most common type, followed by ST3 (7.6%). PDR1 polymorphisms were associated with the acquisition of fluconazole resistance in C. glabrata isolates, while MSH2 polymorphisms were associated with the STs and microsatellite genotypes, irrespective of fluconazole resistance.
Comprehensive evaluation of genetic variation in the IGF1 gene and risk of prostate cancer

Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF1) stimulates cell proliferation, decreases apoptosis, and has been implicated in cancer development. Epidemiological studies have shown elevated levels of circulating IGF1 to be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. To what extent genetic variation in the IGF1 gene is related to prostate cancer risk is largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive haplotype tagging (HT) assessment of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing the common haplotype variation in the IGF1 gene. We genotyped 10 SNPs (9 haplotype tagging SNPs (htSNPs)) within Cancer Prostate in Sweden (CAPS), a case–control study of 2,863 cases and 1,737 controls, in order to investigate if genetic variation in the IGF1 gene is associated with prostate cancer risk. Three haplotype blocks were identified across the IGF1 gene and 9 SNPs were selected as haplotype tagging SNPs. Common haplotypes in the block covering the 3′ region of the IGF1 gene showed significant global association with prostate cancer risk (p = 0.004), with one particular haplotype giving an odds ratio of 1.46 (95% CI = 1.15–1.84, p = 0.002). This haplotype had a prevalence of 5% in the study population. Our results indicate that common variation in the IGF1 gene, particularly in the 3′ region, may affect prostate cancer risk. Further studies on genetic variations in the IGF1 gene in relation to prostate cancer risk as well as to circulating levels of IGF1 are needed to confirm this novel finding. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parenting dimensions in relation to pre-schoolers’ behaviour problems in Latvia and Lithuania

The aim of the present study was to examine associations between parenting and child behaviour problems in two neighbouring countries with subtle, yet apparent cultural differences. Participants were mothers and fathers of preschool-age children from Latvia and Lithuania. Parents completed a measure of child-rearing attitudes and reported on their child’s internalizing and externalizing behaviours. In both countries, parental warmth was negatively associated with child behaviour problems, and punishment orientation was positively associated. There were differences by country in the association of paternal psychological control and behaviour problems, and in the interactions of parenting dimensions, specifically maternal warmth and punishment orientation. Possible differences in the meaning attributed to parenting practices imply considerations for parent training programs.
Evaluation of Abdominal Fetal Electrocardiography in Early Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Objectives: This descriptive study was performed to evaluate the capability of a non-invasive transabdominal electrocardiographic system to extract clear fetal electrocardiographic (FECG) measurements from intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses and to assess whether abdominal FECG parameters can be developed as markers for evaluating the fetal cardiac status in IUGR. Methods: Transabdominal FECG was attempted in 20 controls and 15 IUGR singleton pregnancies at 20+0−33+6 weeks gestation. Standard ECG parameters were compared between the study groups and evaluated for their correlation. Accuracy for the prediction of IUGR by cut off values of the different FECG parameters was also determined. Results: Clear P-QRST complexes were recognized in all cases. In the IUGR fetuses, the QT and QTc intervals were significantly prolonged (p = 0.017 and p = 0.002, respectively). There was no correlation between ECG parameters and Doppler or other indices to predict IUGR. The generation of cut off values for detecting IUGR showed increasing sensitivities but decreasing specificities with the prolongation of ECG parameters. Conclusion: The study of fetal electrocardiophysiology is now feasible through a non-invasive transabdominal route. This study confirms the potential of FECG as a clinical screening tool to aid diagnosis and management of fetuses after key limitations are addressed. In the case of IUGR, both QT and QTc intervals were significantly prolonged and thus validate earlier study findings where both these parameters were found to be markers of diastolic dysfunction. This research is a useful prelude to a test of accuracy and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) study.
Mothers’ Socialization Goals, Mothers’ Emotion Socialization Behaviors, Child Emotion Regulation, and Child Socioemotional Functioning in Urban India

Studies examining the link between parental socialization and child functioning in varying cultural contexts are scarce. Focusing on early adolescents in suburban middle-class families in India, the present study examined interrelations among reports of mothers’ socialization goals, socialization behaviors in response to child emotion, child emotion regulation, and child socioemotional functioning. One hundred and ten mothers and one of their children attending seventh grade at middle schools in Gujarat, India participated. Results indicated that suburban Indian mothers were more likely to endorse relational than autonomous socialization goals, and relational socialization goals were related to mothers’ reported explanation-oriented socialization behaviors in response to their children’s anger or sadness. Children’s self-reported regulation of anger and sadness mediated the negative relation between reports of mothers’ explanation-oriented supportive behaviors and child behavior problems. Moreover, children’s self-reported dysregulation partially mediated the positive association between reports of mothers’ nonsupportive behaviors and child behavior problems.
A Brillouin-zone model for compositional variation in tetrahedrite

A Brillouin-zone analysis based on a nearly-free electron model for tetrahedrite, an important copper antimony sulfide, successfully explains the observed compositional limits for synthetic and natural tetrahedrites. Tetrahedrite should occur with greater than 2M and up to 208 valence electrons per unit cell (filling the 52nd Brillouin zone); it should be most stable with 208 valence electrons. The classical formula CurzSblSlr is not expected to occur. This model predicts that filling a zone (e .g ., by substituting Fe or Zn for Cu) should cause electrical resistivity to increase. This is confirmed by experimental results which show that a tetrahedrite with about 208 valence electrons per unit cell (approximate composition Curo(Fe,Zn)z(Sb,As)aSs) has a resistivity 107 times higher than that of a tetrahedrite with approximately 205 valence electrons (composition Cutz rz Sba.6eS13). The Brillouin-zone model also agrees with observed limits to tetrahedrite composition: natural tetrahedrite samples are stoichiometric with compositions restricted to two divalent cations per formula unit, while synthetic samples, which are not stoichiometric, have compositions bounded by the line CureSbnSrr Cu12Sba.67S13,
Controlling the morphology and orientation of Cu6Sn5 through designing the orientations of Cu single crystals

It is found that the morphologies and orientations of Cu<inf>6</inf>Sn<inf>5</inf> can be well controlled through designing orientations of Cu single crystal substrates. On (001) and (111) Cu single crystals, Cu<inf>6</inf>Sn<inf>5</inf> grains display regular prism-type morphology and align either along two perpendicular directions or along three directions having an angle of 60° between each other. By electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method, the preferred orientations of the Cu<inf>6</inf>Sn<inf>5</inf> grains are determined to strongly depend on the orientations of the Cu single crystals.
OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR LARGE VOCABULARY , ISOLATED WORDS RECOGNITION IN ROMANIAN LANGUAGE

Speech recognition algorithms in general and isolated word recognition algorithm in particular are computationally intensive processes that consume a lot of time in an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. This issue is in fact the bottleneck of real time ASR systems. This paper approaches the optimization of the recognition process by presenting an innovative three-step recognition method that diminishes the processing time for isolated words recognition. The recognition rate improvement is also approached by an adaptive technique of combining speech units.
The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium

Joseph L. Graves Jr traces the development of biological thought about human genetic diversity. Greek philosophy, social Darwinism, New World colonialism, the eugenics movement, intelligence testing biases and racial health fallacies are just a few of the topics he addresses. Graves argues that racism has persisted in our society because adequate scientific reasoning has not entered into the equation. He cautions us to think critically about scientific findings that have historically been misused in controversies over racial differences in intelligence, criminal behaviour, disease predisposition and other traits. This book aims to demonstrate that America cannot truly address its racial problems until people understand the empirical evidence that proves separate human races do not exist. With the biological basis for race removed, racism becomes an ideology, one that can and must be erased.
N-Glycosylation Gene DPAGT1 Is a Target of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway*

Protein N-glycosylation and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways play critical roles in development and cancer. Although N-glycosylation has been shown to influence Wnt signaling through its effects on Wnt ligands, it is unclear whether the Wnt/β-catenin pathway impacts protein N-glycosylation. In this study, we show that promoters of the first N-glycosylation gene, DPAGT1, from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), and human epidermoid carcinoma (A253) cells contain the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) consensus sequence. Treatment of cells with a Wnt activator, lithium chloride, up-regulated DPAGT1 transcript levels that correlated with an increase in the β-catenin abundance. Furthermore, exposure of cells to a Wnt receptor ligand, Wnt3a, resulted in an increase in the DPAGT1 transcript levels that was abrogated by the Wnt inhibitor, Dickkopf-1. DNA mobility shift assays revealed specific protein complexes at the DPAGT1 TCF/LEF binding region that were competed off with antibodies to either Tcf3/4 or β-catenin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the presence of β-catenin at the DPAGT1 promoter in vivo. In addition, the DPAGT1 TCF/LEF sequence drove the expression of the luciferase reporter gene. Furthermore, up-regulation of DPAGT1 transcripts by Wnt3a led to altered N-glycosylation of E-cadherin. Interestingly, the DPAGT1 TCF/LEF sequence also interacted with γ-catenin, a close homologue of β-catenin, although not in a lithium chloride-dependent manner. Our results provide the first evidence that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates the metabolic pathway of protein N-glycosylation by targeting DPAGT1 expression. Moreover, they suggest the existence of another regulatory mechanism involving the interaction of Tcf with γ-catenin at the DPAGT1 promoter.
Relationships Between Psychopathological and Demographic Variables and Posttraumatic Growth Among Holocaust Survivors

The relationship between posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, anxiety, and vulnerability, as well as demographic differences in growth was examined in a group of 23 Holocaust survivors. The posttraumatic growth aspect of spiritual change was found to correlate positively and significantly with the PTSD symptom clusters of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Numerous demographic variables were also found to relate to posttraumatic growth including survivors' age during the Holocaust; the nature of their Holocaust experiences; and whether they were ever alone, without family, during their Holocaust experiences as well as survivor support group membership.