Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
H I and CO in Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies: Haro 2 and Haro 4

We present Very Large Array H I imaging of two blue compact dwarf galaxies, Haro 2 and Haro 4, and of the spiral galaxy Haro 26, which is projected some 22′ southwest of Haro 4. We also show a map of the CO(1–0) distribution of Haro 2 obtained with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Millimeter Array, as well as derive an upper limit for CO(2–1) emission from Haro 4 obtained with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. The H I data of Haro 2 reveal that the kinematical major axis lies perpendicular to the photometric major axis, indicating that the atomic hydrogen rotates about the major axis of the galaxy. This confirms earlier indications based on CCD photometry that Haro 2 is a dust-lane dE rather than a dIrr. We propose that the present neutral and molecular ISM configuration is due to recent gas accretion or a merger. The H I distribution and dynamics of Haro 4 and the neighboring spiral Haro 26 suggest that they are currently undergoing a tidal interaction, reinforcing the notion that interactions play an important role in triggering the star formation witnessed in blue compact galaxies.
Ovarian features in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns and does

The knowledge about ovarian reserve is essential to determine the reproductive potential and to improve the methods of fertility control for overpopulated species, such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the female reproductive tract of white-tailed deer, focusing on ovarian features. Genital tracts from 8 prepubertal and 10 pubertal females were used to characterize the preantral follicle population and density, morphology, distribution of follicular classes; stromal cell density; and apoptosis in the ovary. In addition, uterus and ovary weights and dimensions were recorded; and the number and the size of antral follicles and corpus luteum in the ovary were quantified. Overall, fawns had a greater (P < 0.05) preantral follicle population, percentage of normal follicles, and preantral follicle density than does. The mean stromal cell density in ovaries of fawns and does differed among animals but not between age groups. The apoptotic signaling did not differ (P > 0.05) between the ovaries of fawns and does. However, apoptotic ovarian cells negatively (P < 0.001) affected the preantral follicle morphology and density, and conversely, a positive correlation was observed with stromal cell density. As expected, the uteri and ovaries were larger (P < 0.002) and heavier (P < 0.001) in does than in fawns. In conclusion, this study has shown, for the first time, the preantral follicle population and distribution of classes, rate of morphologically normal follicles, and density of preantral follicles and stromal cells in white- tailed deer. Therefore, the findings herein described lead to a better understanding of the white-tailed deer ovarian biology, facilitating the development of new methods of fertility control.
Detection of IgM antibodies against rubella virus: Comparison of two indirect ellsas and an anti‐IgM capture immunoassay

A commercial antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (Rubenz M) was compared to two commercial indirect enzyme immunoassays (Enzygnost IgM, Rubazyme‐M) for the detection of rubella‐specific IgM. Five hundred and fifty‐two sera collected between the day of onset and 272 days after the onset of the exanthem of primary rubella were tested. Rubenz M was more sensitive early and late after the onset of the exanthem than the two indirect ELISAs. Rubenz M also appeared more sensitive when 240 sera were examined from patients with possible rubella in pregnancy, reinfection in pregnancy, suspected intrauterine infection, and recent vaccination. However, 5.5% of 968 pregnant women with no history of rubellalike symptoms or recent vaccination, the majority with elevated HAI titers, gave a low‐positive or borderline result with Rubenz M. None of these women delivered a congenitally infected child. Therefore, borderline and low‐positive results must be interpreted with caution, as for any assay for rubella‐specific IgM.
Multidimensional Item Factor Analysis with Semi-Nonparametric Latent Densities

Author(s): Monroe, Scott Lee | Advisor(s): Cai, Li | Abstract: Woods and Lin (2009) proposed a unidimensional item response theory (IRT) model where the distribution of the latent variables is estimated using a semi-nonparametric (SNP, Gallant a Nychka, 1987) density. Estimation of the latent variable density can reduce bias in parameter estimates that results from misspecifying the form of the density (Woods a Thissen, 2006; Woods a Lin, 2009). However, application of the Woods and Lin (2009) model is restricted to the unidimensional setting. To address this limitation, the present research generalizes the Woods and Lin (2009) model to multidimensional IRT (MIRT). The resulting model, the SNP-MIRT model, may also be considered a generalization of the "standard" MIRT model, which specifies a normal density for the latent variables.A secondary focus of this research concerns a new proposal for calculating student growth percentiles (SGP, Betebenner, 2009). In Betebenner (2009), quantile regression (QR, Koenker a Bassett, 1978; Koenker, 2005) is used to estimate the SGPs. However, a shortcoming of the original methodology is that measurement error in the score estimates, which always exists in practice, leads to bias in the SGP estimates (Shang, 2012). One way to address this issue is to estimate the SGPs using a modeling framework that can directly account for the measurement error. MIRT is one such framework, and the one utilized here. To maximize the generality of the approach, as well as guard against misspecification of the latent variable density, the SNP-MIRT model is used. SNP-MIRT estimates, in turn, are used with the calibrated projection linking methodology (Thissen, Varni, et al., 2011; Thissen, Liu, Magnus, a Quinn, 2014; Cai, in press-a, in press-b) to produce SGP estimates.Preliminary simulation studies are conducted to investigate the fidelity of the SNP-MIRT model and SGP estimation implementations. The simulation study for the SNP-MIRT model focuses on recovery of the shape of the data-generating latent variable density. The simulation study for the proposed SGP method focuses on comparing the accuracy of the QR, standard MIRT, and SNP-MIRT approaches. Finally, empirical applications are provided to illustrate the new methods.
Holocene climate variability archived in the Puruogangri ice cap on the central Tibetan Plateau

Abstract Two ice cores (118.4 and 214.7 m in length) were collected in 2000 from the Puruogangri ice cap in the center of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in a joint US-Chinese collaborative project. These cores yield paleoclimatic and environmental records extending through the Middle Holocene, and complement previous ice-core histories from the Dunde and Guliya ice caps in northeast and northwest Tibet, respectively, and Dasuopu glacier in the Himalaya. The high-resolution Puruogangri climate record since AD 1600 details regional temperature and moisture variability. The post-1920 period is characterized by above-average annual net balance, contemporaneous with the greatest 18O enrichment of the last 400 years, consistent with the isotopically inferred warming observed in other TP ice-core records. On longer timescales the aerosol history reveals large and abrupt events, one of which is dated ∼4.7 kyr BP and occurs close to the time of a drought that extended throughout the tropics and may have been associated with centuries-long weakening of the Asian/Indian/African monsoon system. The Puruogangri climate history, combined with the other TP ice-core records, has the potential to provide valuable information on variations in the strength of the monsoon across the TP during the Holocene.
Factors predicting peripheral blood progenitor cell collection from pediatric donors for allogeneic transplantation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although several studies have reported on the use of children as donors for peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC), no specific characteristics have been identified as predictors of PBPC collection in this population. In this study we analyzed predictive factors for PBPC collection in pediatric donors. DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed factors predicting the yield for a target CD34+ cell dose of > or =4x10(6)/Kg donor or recipient body weight, in 105 aphereses from 76 healthy pediatric donors (36 boys and 40 girls) included in the Spanish National Donor Registry. Mobilization consisted of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in single doses of 10 microg/kg per day subcutaneously for 4 or 5 days. Apheresis started after the fourth dose of G-CSF. RESULTS Median age and body weight were 10 years (range 1-18) and 42 kg (range 9-89), respectively. The median number of CD34+ cells/kg recipient body weight was 4.22 (range 0.1-32). On multivariate analysis variables that had a significant negative impact on the CD34+ cell yield, considering the recipient's body weight were the total blood volume processed (regression coefficient (RC): 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21-0.81; p=0.01) and day of apheresis other than first (RC: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07-0.34; p<0.0001). When considering donor's body weight the variables that positively influenced collection were younger age (RC: 6.79, 95% CI: 1.57-29.25; p<0.01) and large volume leukapheresis (RC: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.13-9.77; p<0.02). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that pediatric donors mobilized by G-CSF may donate sufficient numbers of CD34+ cells for allogeneic transplantation. The variables that influenced the yield were the donor's age, blood volume processed and the first day of the apheresis.
Analysis of a bi-state, multi-district, school-based hepatitis B immunization program.

A descriptive correlational research design assessed factors influencing participation and completion rates, and to determine vaccine administration costs, in a school-based Hepatitis B vaccination program. Of 18,046 students in public and private schools in the metropolitan Kansas City, Mo. , area, 12,986 (73.4%) participated with approximately 75% of these students completing the vaccine series. Larger schools reported decreased participation and completion rates. Both rates were highest in schools providing educational interventions. Schools with a large population of commercially insured students reported low participation rates (65%), but high completion rates (85%). Schools with a high number of Medicaid-eligible students had high participation rates (97%), but low completion rates (67%). The vaccine cost $5.06 per dose to administer.
Scalable Techniques for Failure Recovery and localization

Failure localization and recovery is one of the most important issues in network management to provide continuous connectivity to users. In this dissertation, we develop several algorithms for network failure localization and recovery. First, to achieve resilient multipath routing we introduce the concept of Independent Directed Acyclic Graphs (IDAGs). Link-independent (Node-independent) DAGs satisfy the property that any path from a source to the root on one DAG is link-disjoint (nodedisjoint) with any path from the source to the root on the other DAG. Given a network, we develop polynomial time algorithms to compute link-independent and node-independent DAGs. The algorithm developed in this dissertation: (1) provides multipath routing; (2) utilizes all possible edges; (3) guarantees recovery from single link failure; and (4) achieves all these with at most one bit per packet as overhead when routing is based on destination address and incoming edge. We show the effectiveness of the proposed IDAGs approach by comparing key performance indices to that of the independent trees and multiple pairs of independent trees techniques through extensive simulations. Secondly, we introduce the concept of monitoring tours (m-tours) to uniquely localize all possible failures up to k links in arbitrary all-optical networks. We establish paths and cycles that can traverse the same link at most twice (backward and forward) and call them m-tours. An m-tour is different from other existing schemes such as m-cycle and m-trail which traverse a link at most once. Closed (open) m-tours start and terminate at the same (distinct) monitor location(s). Each tour is constructed such that any shared risk linked group (SRLG) failure results in the failure of a unique combination of closed and open m-tours. We prove k-edge connectivity is a sufficient condition to localize all SRLG failures with up to k-link failures when only one monitor station is employed. We introduce an integer linear
Positive salivary gland biopsy, Sjögren syndrome, and neuropathy: Clinical implications

The relationship between neuropathy and Sjögren syndrome has been predicated largely on sicca symptoms or serological abnormalities rather than salivary gland pathology. We reviewed consecutive neuropathy patients who had had a lip biopsy to identify features of the neuropathy that were associated with a positive lip biopsy suggesting Sjögren syndrome. Twenty of 54 neuropathy patients were biopsy positive; 13 had a painful or nonspecific sensory neuropathy and only 4 were ataxic. Sicca symptoms were not associated with a positive biopsy (P = 0.14). Serological abnormalities were found more often in the biopsy‐positive group (P = 0.008), but anti–Sjögren syndrome A or B (anti‐SSA or SSB) antibodies were detected in only 30%. There were no other clinical or electromyographic (EMG) features associated with a positive biopsy. From this experience, we conclude that: (1) most patients with neuropathy and a positive lip biopsy for Sjögren syndrome have a painful, distal, sensory axonal neuropathy; (2) there are no clinical or EMG features that are predictive of a positive lip biopsy; (3) ataxic neuropathy is uncommon; and (4) the lack of sicca symptoms or anti‐SSA or SSB antibodies in patients with neuropathy does not exclude Sjögren syndrome based upon salivary gland pathology. Muscle Nerve 28: 553–560, 2003
Evaluation of intravenous peramivir for treatment of influenza in hospitalized patients.

BACKGROUND Seasonal influenza causes >200 000 annual hospitalizations in the United States. Current antiviral treatment options are limited to oral or inhaled agents. There is an urgent unmet need for intravenous antiviral treatments. METHODS Patients hospitalized with suspected influenza were randomized to 5-day treatment with intravenous peramivir (600 mg once daily) or placebo; all received the institution's standard of care (SOC) treatment. Time to clinical resolution and change in viral shedding in nasopharyngeal specimens were the primary and key secondary end points. RESULTS Influenza infection was confirmed in 338 of 405 enrolled patients. At the time of a preplanned interim analysis, the primary efficacy analysis population comprised 121 patients who did not receive a concurrent neuraminidase inhibitor as part of the SOC. The median (95% confidence interval) time to clinical resolution was 42.5 (34.0-57.9) hours for peramivir versus 49.5 (40.0-61.9) hours for placebo (P = .97). A larger treatment effect was observed in patients with history of symptoms <48 hours or admitted to an intensive care unit. Greater reductions in viral shedding, based on median tissue culture infective dose, were observed in patients who received peramivir than in placebo recipients, although this difference was not statistically significant. The incidence and severity of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were similar between the 2 treatment groups. The study was terminated for futility after a preplanned interim analysis. CONCLUSIONS A significant clinical benefit was not demonstrated for peramivir plus SOC compared with placebo plus SOC. Peramivir was generally safe and well tolerated. These findings highlight the challenges in designing studies to evaluate influenza antiviral agents in a hospitalized setting. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00958776.
Angiogenesis-Related Biomarkers in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease: Their Association with Liver Disease Complications and Outcome

Angiogenesis is believed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We aimed to explore the usefulness and accuracy of plasma angiogenic biomarkers for noninvasive evaluation of the severity of liver failure and ALD outcome. One hundred and forty-seven patients with ALD were prospectively enrolled and assessed based on their (1) gender, (2) age, (3) severity of liver dysfunction according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh and MELD scores, and (4) the presence of ALD complications. Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and angiopoietins 1 and 2 (Ang1 and Ang2) were investigated using ELISAs. Multivariable logistic regression was applied in order to select independent predictors of advanced liver dysfunction and the disease complications. Significantly higher concentrations of Ang2 and VEGF-A in ALD patients as compared to controls were found. There was no difference in Ang1 levels in both groups. A positive correlation of Ang2 levels with INR (Rho 0.66; P < 0.0001) and its inverse correlation with plasma albumin levels (Rho –0.62; P < 0.0001) were found. High Ang2 concentrations turned out to be an independent predictor of severe liver dysfunction, as well as hepatic encephalopathy and renal impairment. Ang2 possessed the highest diagnostic and prognostic potential among three studied angiogenesis-related molecules.
Earth Abundant Element Type I Clathrate Phases

Earth abundant element clathrate phases are of interest for a number of applications ranging from photovoltaics to thermoelectrics. Silicon-containing type I clathrate is a framework structure with the stoichiometry A8-xSi46 (A = guest atom such as alkali metal) that can be tuned by alloying and doping with other elements. The type I clathrate framework can be described as being composed of two types of polyhedral cages made up of tetrahedrally coordinated Si: pentagonal dodecahedra with 20 atoms and tetrakaidecahedra with 24 atoms in the ratio of 2:6. The cation sites, A, are found in the center of each polyhedral cage. This review focuses on the newest discoveries in the group 13-silicon type I clathrate family: A8E8Si38 (A = alkali metal; E = Al, Ga) and their properties. Possible approaches to new phases based on earth abundant elements and their potential applications will be discussed.
Changes with age in the urinary excretion of lysyl‐ and hydroxylysylpyridinoline, two new markers of bone collagen turnover

Two intermolecular cross‐linking amino acids, hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP), are promising markers in urine of collagen resorption because their levels in urine should reflect only collagen resorption and, unlike hydroxyproline, should not be influenced by degradation of either newly synthesized collagen molecules or noncollagenous proteins. Changes with age in the urinary excretion of HP and LP were studied in 24 h collections of urine from a group of 22 male and 27 female healthy subjects aged from 2 to 70 years. The pyridinolines were quantitated, utilizing their natural fluorescence, after resolution by reversed‐phase HPLC. Levels of both pyridinolines were higher in children than in adults, but in adults no evidence of age or sex variations were observed except in the 20–30 year age group. Mean values of HP/Cr and LP/Cr in 37 adults (21–70 years) were 27.2 ± 1.9 and 8.8 ± 0.8 μol/mol, respectively; in the 12 children (2–15 years) the mean values were 14.4 and 12.4 times higher than the respective adult values. Making certain assumptions, the mean amount of bone resorbed in normal adults was tentatively estimated at 1.9 g per 24 h. The finding that differences between children and adults in these relatively specific markers were greater than with hydroxyproline suggests that hydroxyproline values may considerably underestimate the actual amount of bone turnover occurring in growing children or overestimate the adult turnover rate.
An Instructional Design For The Teaching Of English At SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Surakarta: A Naturalistic Study In 2013/2014 Academic Year

The goal of the study is to describe an instructional design for the teaching English at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Surakarta in 2013/2014. The type of study is descriptive qualitative, focus on naturalistic study. The result of this study as follow: (1) learning objective are divided into two; they are general objective and specific objective. (2) The model of syllabus used is notionalfunctional syllabus. (3) The instructional material is divided into three kinds, they are; printed material, audio material, and visual material. (4) Classroom procedure used three patterns, they are 3E (exploration, explanation, and elaboration), 4E (engagement, exploration, explanation, and elaboration), 5E; (engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, evaluation). (5) Classroom techniques used, namely: repetition, answering question, role play, previewing, skimming and scanning, prediction, and brainstorming. (6) Teachers’ roles are teacher as facilitator, teacher as manager and organizer, teacher as assessor, teacher as prompter, teacher as observer, and teacher as motivator. (7) Students’ roles are (a) learners plan their own learning program and this ultimately assumes responsibility for what they do in the classroom, (b) learners monitor and evaluate their own progress, (c) learners are members of a group and learn by interacting with others, (d) learners are as tutor other learners, and (e) learners learn from the teacher, from other students, and from other sources. (8) Media used, namely: (a) picture and images, (b) white board on the market pens, (c) computer, and (d) video. (9) Kinds of evaluations are (a) formative evaluation such as daily test, and (b) summative evaluation such as mid test and final test. The models of evaluation forms are multiple choice, and dialogue completion task.
Prediction of Locoregional Control in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Serial CT Perfusion during Radiotherapy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tumor hypoxia is a known factor of radioresistance in HNSCC. CTP is a noninvasive method of measuring tumor perfusion in vivo. The purpose of our study was to determine serial changes in tumor perfusion in HNSCC during a course of RT by using CTP and to correlate tumor perfusion measurements to LRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 15 patients with HNSCC receiving definitive RT who underwent serial CTP before RT; at weeks 2, 4, and 6 of RT; and 6 weeks after RT. The median follow-up was 28 months (range, 6–44 months). Thirteen patients achieved LRC, and 2 patients had LRF. Tumor perfusion parameters, including BF, BV, MTT, and CP, were obtained by using a deconvolution-based analysis. RESULTS: Pretreatment tumor BF was significantly higher in patients who achieved LRC, 118.0 mL/100 g/min, compared with those with LRF, 53.4 mL/100 g/min (P = .004). Similarly, pretreatment CP was higher in patients with LRC, 16.6 mL/100 g/min, compared with those with LRF, 7.7 mL/100 g/min (P = .02). At week 2 of RT, tumor BF parameters showed a 27.5% increase versus an 18.1% decrease from pretreatment BF values (P = .046) in patients with LRC and LRF, respectively. A decrease in BF and BV was observed in both groups 6 weeks after RT compared with these values at baseline scanning. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in tumor BF and CP by using CTP early during a course of RT predicts LRC in patients with HNSCC treated with RT.