Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future: 25 Years of Research in Affect Control Theory

Abstract Purpose To provide a comprehensive review of theoretical and research advances in affect control theory from 1988 to 2013 for academic and student researchers in social psychology. Design/Methodology/Approach Against the background of a concise history of affect control theory from its beginnings in the 1960s to its maturation in the late 1980s, a comprehensive review of research and publications in the last 25 years is reported in five sections: Theoretical Advances (e.g., self and institutions, nonverbal behavior, neuroscience, artificial intelligence); Technological Advances (e.g., electronic data collection, computer simulations, cultural surveys, equation refinement, small groups analysis); Cross-Cultural Research (archived data and published analyses); Empirical Tests of the Theory; and Substantive Applications (e.g., emotions, social and cultural change, occupations/work, politics, gender/ideology/subcultures, deviance, criminology, stereotyping, physiological behavior). Findings Reveals an impressive number of publications in this area, including over 120 articles and chapters and four major books, and a great deal of cross-cultural research, including European, Asian, and Middle-Asian cultures. Research Limitation/Implications (if applicable) Because of limitations of space, the review does not cover the large number of theses, dissertations, and research reports. Originality/Value No other review of affect control theory with this scope and detail exists.
The Dual Role of Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterised by aberrant immunological responses leading to chronic inflammation without tissue regeneration. These two diseases are considered distinct entities, and there is some evidence that neutrophil behaviour, above all other aspects of immunity, clearly separate them. Neutrophils are the first immune cells recruited to the site of inflammation, and their action is crucial to limit invasion by microorganisms. Furthermore, they play an essential role in proper resolution of inflammation. When these processes are not tightly regulated, they can trigger positive feedback amplification loops that promote neutrophil activation, leading to significant tissue damage and evolution toward chronic disease. Defective chemotaxis, as observed in Crohn’s disease, can also contribute to the disease through impaired microbe elimination. In addition, through NET production, neutrophils may be involved in thrombo-embolic events frequently observed in IBD patients. While the role of neutrophils has been studied in different animal models of IBD for many years, their contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood, and no molecules targeting neutrophils are used and validated for the treatment of these pathologies. Therefore, it is crucial to improve our understanding of their mode of action in these particular conditions in order to provide new therapeutic avenues for IBD.
Democratic Deficits in Europe: The Overlooked Exclusiveness of Nation‐States and the Positive Role of the European Union

With the help of the Immigrant Inclusion Index (IMIX), a quantitative tool for measuring the electoral inclusion of immigrants, we demonstrate that European democracies are much more exclusive than they should be. All normative theories of democracy share the conviction that it is imperative that democracies include long-term immigrant residents into the demos – either by granting citizenship or by introducing alien voting rights. But even the 20 most established and stable democracies within the EU are far from fully realizing the ideal of ‘universal suffrage’. This is true independently of whether we count in- and excluded people in numerical terms, or whether we evaluate the relevant laws and regulations. Therefore, we diagnose a substantial democratic deficit on the level of European nation-states. By requiring its member states to enfranchise non-national EU citizens on the local level, the EU, for once, plays a positive role in reducing one of the most fundamental democratic deficits in times of migration.
A Wall of Dust around a Proto-Mira?

We present the discovery of a huge (19′ × 16′) dust ring surrounding a bright (V = 10.60) red star. The dust ring has, at D = 700 pc, a diameter of 4 pc and a central hole of ~1.5 pc across. Part of the shell is also seen as an absorption nebulosity. The star is classified as an M3 III asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. Among AGB stars, its detached shell is of unrivaled size. Detached shells around AGB stars are normally interpreted in terms of thermal pulses. However, in this case, a significant fraction of the shell may consist of swept-up ISM; the detached appearance can be explained with wind-ISM interaction. We present a model in which the AGB wind has been stopped by the surrounding ISM and the swept-up shell is now expanding at the sound speed. The model predicts that the ring will disperse over a few times 105 yr and eventually will leave a large hole in the ISM surrounding the AGB star or its future planetary nebula.
Effect of Polymer Infiltration on the Flexural Behavior of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Robocast Scaffolds

The influence of polymer infiltration on the flexural strength and toughness of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds fabricated by robocasting (direct-write assembly) is analyzed. Porous structures consisting of a tetragonal three-dimensional lattice of interpenetrating rods were impregnated with biodegradable polymers (poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)) by immersion of the structure in a polymer melt. Infiltration increased the flexural strength of these model scaffolds by a factor of 5 (PCL) or 22 (PLA), an enhancement considerably greater than that reported for compression strength of analogue materials. The greater strength improvement in bending was attributed to a more effective transfer of stress to the polymer under this solicitation since the degree of strengthening associated to the sealing of precursor flaws in the ceramic rod surfaces should remain unaltered. Impregnation with either polymer also improved further than in compression the fracture energy of the scaffolds (by more than two orders of magnitude). This increase is associated to the extraordinary strengthening provided by impregnation and to a crack bridging toughening mechanism produced by polymer fibrils.
Genotypic Diversity within a Single Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain Commonly Shared by Australian Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

In cystic fibrosis (CF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes intra-strain genotypic and phenotypic diversification while establishing and maintaining chronic lung infections. As the clinical significance of these changes is uncertain, we investigated intra-strain diversity in commonly shared strains from CF patients to determine if specific gene mutations were associated with increased antibiotic resistance and worse clinical outcomes. Two-hundred-and-one P. aeruginosa isolates (163 represented a dominant Australian shared strain, AUST-02) from two Queensland CF centres over two distinct time-periods (2001–2002 and 2007–2009) underwent mexZ and lasR sequencing. Broth microdilution antibiotic susceptibility testing in a subset of isolates was also performed. We identified a novel AUST-02 subtype (M3L7) in adults attending a single Queensland CF centre. This M3L7 subtype was multi-drug resistant and had significantly higher antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations than other AUST-02 subtypes. Prospective molecular surveillance using polymerase chain reaction assays determined the prevalence of the ‘M3L7’ subtype at this centre during 2007–2009 (170 patients) and 2011 (173 patients). Three-year clinical outcomes of patients harbouring different strains and subtypes were compared. MexZ and LasR sequences from AUST-02 isolates were more likely in 2007–2009 than 2001–2002 to exhibit mutations (mexZ: odds ratio (OR) = 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–13.5 and LasR: OR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.3–5.0). Surveillance at the adult centre in 2007–2009 identified M3L7 in 28/509 (5.5%) P. aeruginosa isolates from 13/170 (7.6%) patients. A repeat survey in 2011 identified M3L7 in 21/519 (4.0%) P. aeruginosa isolates from 11/173 (6.4%) patients. The M3L7 subtype was associated with greater intravenous antibiotic and hospitalisation requirements, and a higher 3-year risk of death/lung transplantation, than other AUST-02 subtypes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 9.4; 95%CI: 2.2–39.2) and non-AUST-02 strains (adjusted HR = 4.8; 95%CI: 1.4–16.2). This suggests ongoing microevolution of the shared CF strain, AUST-02, was associated with an emerging multi-drug resistant subtype and possibly poorer clinical outcomes.
RhoA Controls Wnt Upregulation on Microstructured Titanium Surfaces

Rough topography enhances the activation of Wnt canonical signaling in vitro, and this mediates its effects on cell differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying topography-dependent control of Wnt signaling are still poorly understood. As the small GTPase RhoA controls cytoskeletal reorganization and actomyosin-induced tensional forces, we hypothesized that RhoA could affect the activation of Wnt signaling in cells on micropatterned titanium surfaces. G-LISA assay revealed that RhoA activation was higher in C2C12 cells on rough (SLA) surfaces under basal conditions than on smooth (Polished) titanium. Transfection with dominant negative RhoA decreased Wnt activation by normalized TCF-Luc activity on SLA, whilst transfection with constitutively active RhoA increased TCF-Luc activation on Polished titanium. One mM Myosin II inhibitor Blebbistatin increased RhoA activation but decreased Wnt activation on SLA surfaces, indicating that tension-generating structures are required for canonical Wnt modulation on titanium surfaces. Actin inhibitor Cytochalasin markedly enhanced RhoA and TCF-Luc activation on both surfaces and increased the expression of differentiation markers in murine osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. Taken together, these data show that RhoA is upregulated in cells on rough surfaces and it affects the activation of Wnt canonical signaling through Myosin II modulation.
An exploratory study on manufacturing strategy formulation in start-up companies

In the UK, as more traditional manufacturing is outsourced to lower-cost countries, the development of new high-tech manufacturing firms is increasingly perceived as important for sustaining a competitive UK manufacturing base. Early in their lifecycle, start-ups are vulnerable and prone to failure. Mistakes made in critical decisions regarding entry into manufacturing can significantly impact the survival of the firm. Developing the most appropriate strategy is probably more critical in start-up companies than in established organizations, yet little research has addressed this area. This paper reports research into the development of manufacturing strategy in start-up companies. The paper first reviews the literature and then presents findings from nine case studies of start-up companies, showing the nature and timing of the key strategic decisions that were taken, and examining the issues and problems encountered. Using the results from the cases, and the concepts of development tasks and strategic decision areas taken from the literature, a conceptual framework for strategy formulation in such companies is developed. The paper concludes by discussing the use of the framework, and suggesting how it might be operationalised to provide assistance to operational managers in start-up companies.
Women on the frontline

Despite the frequent participation of women in armed groups, few studies have sought to explain the variation in their roles across different rebellions. Herein, we investigate this variation. We argue that the political ideology a group adopts plays a central role in determining the extent of women’s participation, particularly their deployment in combat roles. Specifically, we link variations in women’s roles in armed groups to differences in beliefs about gender hierarchies and gender-based divisions of labor inherent in the specific ideologies the groups adopt. We evaluate hypotheses drawn from these arguments using a novel cross-sectional dataset on female combatants in a global sample of rebel organizations active between 1979 and 2009. We find that the presence of a Marxist-oriented ‘leftist’ ideology increases the prevalence of female fighters while Islamist ideologies exert the opposite effect. However, we find little evidence that nationalism exerts an independent influence on women’s combat roles. We also note a general inverse relationship between group religiosity and the prevalence of female fighters. Our analysis demonstrates that political ideology plays a central role in determining whether and to what extent resistance movements incorporate female fighters into their armed wings.
Increased Serum Levels of Heat Shock Protein 70 Are Associated With Low Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

Objective—Previous studies suggest that heat shock protein (HSP) 60 has a contributory role in atherosclerosis development. We examined whether circulating HSP70 protein and anti-HSP70 antibodies are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and Results—Blood samples from 421 patients (62% men, mean age 57 years) evaluated for CAD by coronary angiography were tested. Serum HSP70 was detectable in 67% of study subjects with levels ranging from 0.2 to 27.1 ng/mL (mean, 1.08; median, 0.5). HSP70 levels were higher in non-CAD patients than CAD patients (median, 0.72 versus 0.34;P =0.0006). Individuals with HSP70 levels above the median (0.5 ng/mL) had half the risk of CAD than individuals with levels below the median (adjusted odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence limit, 0.32 to 0.86). The association of high HSP70 levels with low CAD risk was independent of traditional CAD risk factors (P =0.011). Disease severity (number of diseased vessels) was also inversely associated with HSP70 protein levels (P =0.010). The adjusted odds ratio of having multivessel disease for patients with high HSP70 protein levels was 0.54 (95% confidence limit, 0.36 to 0.81). In contrast, no association between anti-HSP70 IgG seropositivity and the prevalence of CAD was found (P =0.916). Conclusions—These data provide the first evidence that high levels of human HSP70 are associated with the low CAD risk, probably through its multiple protective effects on a cell’s response to stress.
Intelligent Aging Estimation Method for Lead-Acid Battery

Abstract -In this paper, an intelligent aging estimation method based on Sample Entropy (SampEn) is proposed for the lead-acid batteries serially connected in a string. This method can prevent the potential battery failure and guarantee the battery availability. Since SampEn can quantify the regularity of a data sequence, it can serve as an indicator for the aging or degradation of the lead-acid battery. The salient feature of the proposed method is that aging of the individual battery is estimated automatically at the end of each discharge cycle by only measuring individual battery voltage in a string of batteries, so that no complicated measurement is required. To verify the proposed SampEn based aging estimation method, aging experiments for lead-acid batteries are developed. The experimental results show that the proposed intelligent aging estimation method provides the expected results.
Title: Cerebral Blood Flow during Exercise; Mechanisms of Regulation 1

21 The response of cerebral vasculature to exercise is different from other peripheral 22 vasculature; it has a small vascular bed, and is strongly regulated by cerebral 23 autoregulation and the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). In contrast to 24 other organs, the traditional thinking is that total cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains 25 relatively constant and is largely unaffected by a variety of conditions, including those 26 imposed during exercise. Recent research, however, indicates that cerebral neuronal 27 activity and metabolism drives an increase in CBF during exercise. Increases in 28 exercise intensity up to approximately 60% of maximal oxygen uptake produce 29 elevations in CBF, after which CBF decreases towards baseline values because of lower 30 PaCO2 via hyperventilation-induced cerebral vasoconstriction. This finding indicates that 31 during heavy exercise CBF decreases despite the cerebral metabolic demand. In 32 contrast, this reduced CBF during heavy exercise lowers cerebral oxygenation and 33 therefore may act as an independent influence on central fatigue. In this review, we 34 highlight methodological considerations relevant for the assessment of CBF, and then 35 summarize the integrative mechanisms underlying the regulation of CBF at rest and 36 during exercise. In addition, we examine how CBF regulation during exercise is altered 37 by exercise training, hypoxia and aging, and suggest avenues for future research. 38 39
Gender Differences in the Measurement of Criminal Thinking

Despite the importance of criminal thinking to the etiology of crime, studies disagree on whether there are gender differences in criminal thinking and whether females exhibit criminal thinking to the same degree as males. Part of the differences across studies may be due to gender differences in the measurement of criminal thinking, yet this question has not been systematically examined. The current study assesses whether the measurement of criminal thinking (via measurement invariance tests of the Criminogenic Cognition Scales and the Criminal Sentiments Scale–Modified) varies between male and female probationers. The results highlight both similarities and differences in the measurement of criminal thinking, with 26% of items significantly varying between genders. Once measurement differences and similarities were taken into account, male and female probationers were just as likely to exhibit antisocial attitudes. The implications highlight the notion that researchers cannot assume that criminal thinking assessments are gender-neutral.
Predicting actual weight loss: A review of the determinants according to the theory of planned behaviour

Weight reduction that corresponds with lifestyle modification is difficult to foster. The theory of planned behaviour has been actively cited in explaining health-related behaviour. This review evaluated the application of the theory of planned behaviour to weight-loss behaviour. Among the three reviewed papers, cross-sectional survey designs and subjective outcome measurements were commonly applied. All of the studies recruited obese female adults as participants, limiting the generalisability of the studies’ findings. The theory of planned behaviour can be effectively applied in weight-reduction programmes targeting female obese patients. This review confirmed critiques citing the limitations of experimental studies, the subjective measurement of behaviour and short follow-up periods.
Polar bear Ursus maritimus hearing measured with auditory evoked potentials

While there has been recent concern about the effects of sound on marine mammals, including polar bears, there are no data available measuring the hearing of any bear. The in-air hearing of three polar bears was measured using evoked auditory potentials obtained while tone pips were played to three individually anaesthetized bears at the Kolmården Djurpark. Hearing was tested in half-octave steps from 1 to 22.5 kHz. Measurements were not obtainable at 1 kHz and best sensitivity was found in the range from 11.2–22.5 kHz. Considering the tone pips were short and background noise measurements were available, absolute measurements were estimated based on an assumed mammalian integration time of 300 ms. These data show sensitive hearing in the polar bear over a wide frequency range and should cause those concerned with the introduction of anthropogenic noise into the polar bear's environment to operate with caution.
Refinements in hierarchical phrase-based translation systems

The relatively recently proposed hierarchical phrase-based translation model for statistical machine translation (SMT) has achieved state-of-the-art performance in numerous recent translation evaluations. Hierarchical phrasebased systems comprise a pipeline of modules with complex interactions. In this thesis, we propose refinements to the hierarchical phrase-based model as well as improvements and analyses in various modules for hierarchical phrase-based systems. We took the opportunity of increasing amounts of available training data for machine translation as well as existing frameworks for distributed computing in order to build better infrastructure for extraction, estimation and retrieval of hierarchical phrase-based grammars. We design and implement grammar extraction as a series of Hadoop MapReduce jobs. We store the resulting grammar using the HFile format, which offers competitive trade-offs in terms of efficiency and simplicity. We demonstrate improvements over two alternative solutions used in machine translation. The modular nature of the SMT pipeline, while allowing individual improvements, has the disadvantage that errors committed by one module are propagated to the next. This thesis alleviates this issue between the word alignment module and the grammar extraction and estimation module by considering richer statistics from word alignment models in extraction. We use alignment link and alignment phrase pair posterior probabilities for grammar extraction and estimation and demonstrate translation improvements in Chinese to English translation. This thesis also proposes refinements in grammar and language modelling both in the context of domain adaptation and in the context of the interaction between first-pass decoding and lattice rescoring. We analyse alternative strategies for grammar and language model cross-domain adaptation. We also study interactions between first-pass and second-pass language model in
Tuberculosis incidence in Cameroonian prisons: a 1-year prospective study.

BACKGROUND Rates of tuberculosis (TB) transmission in prisons are reported to be high worldwide. However, a recent systematic review identified only 19 published studies reporting TB incidence in prisons, most of them from the last century and only one from sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVES To assess the persisting risk of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among prison populations benefiting from a comprehensive TB/HIV control programme in Cameroon, compared with that in the community. METHODS This descriptive and prospective study evaluated PTB incidence rates over a 1-year period. The study population was inmates of 10 major prisons, sampled by convenience, comprising about 45% of the country's prison population. As PTB incident cases, all prisoners with incident PTB after a prison stay of > or = 90 days were considered. The prison TB incidence rate was compared with that of the corresponding male population in the community. RESULTS The mean annual PTB incidence in Cameroonian prisons in this study was 1 700 cases in 100 000 person-years at risk, the incidence rate ratio being 9.4 (95% confidence interval 8.1-10.9). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that internationally recommended prison TB control measures alone may not help protect prisoners from within-prison spread of TB. Imprisonment policies and conditions therefore require fundamental changes.