Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The handle of literacy: evidence from preliterate children and illiterate adults on orientation discrimination of graspable and non-graspable objects

ABSTRACT Prior research reported an apparently developmental trajectory on mirror-image discrimination (Gregory, Landau, & McCloskey, 2011): reflections across the object principal axis (OPA) and across the external vertical axis (EVA) are hard to discriminate by children, but only OPA reflections are problematic for adults. In this study, we investigated how literacy acquisition and object visuomotor properties affect this trajectory. Six-year-old children (preliterate preschoolers vs. first graders: Experiment 1) and illiterate, ex-illiterate, and schooled literate adults (Experiment 2), searched for graspable (e.g. hammer) or non-graspable (e.g. sock) target-objects amongst orientation-contrast distractors. OPA and EVA errors were predominant in non-readers, but EVA errors dropped sharply in readers. Graspability enhanced OPA and EVA mirror-image discrimination, especially in non-readers. Thus, the reduction of EVA mirror-image errors is not driven by maturation, cognitive development, or schooling; the underlying mechanisms are mostly learning to read and to a smaller extent the operation of the dorsal stream.
Smallholder Demand for Maize Hybrids and Selective Seed Subsidies in Zambia. HarvestPlus Working Paper No. 9

This analysis explores smallholder demand for hybrid maize seed by subsidy receipt. We test the hypothesis that the hybrid maize subsidy in Zambia is selectively biased due in part to its delivery mechanism and the self-selection of farmers who are able or choose to exercise their claim. Our analysis found that farmers with a lower poverty headcount are more likely to receive subsidized seed. In addition, a segment of farmers with a high predicted demand for hybrid seed are not reached by FISPâ€”and they are poorer in terms of land and income than those who obtain the subsidy. These farmers represent a potentially important demand segment for HarvestPlus, which might consider addressing their needs through means other than a subsidy program.
EEG characteristics in depression, "negative" and "positive" schizophrena.

OBJECTIVE qEEG investigations present differences in the comparison of schizophrenic patients and healthy examinees, as well as of depressive patients and healthy controls. The comparison of "positive" and "negative" schizophrenia also presents differences in the qEEG parameters. Changes in qEEG are various in these studies, but not always consistent. In this research we wanted to compare "positive" schizophrenia, "negative" schizophrenia and depression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample comprised 55 examinees (all women): 20 patients with "positive" schizophrenia, 15 patients with "negative" schizophrenia and 20 patients with depression. The standard EEG registration was done in all of them. From the recorded material, the 20-second period without artifacts was analyzed by the FFT method. The results were presented as absolute special power values (muV(2)) for individual segments of the spectrum: delta (0.5-4.0), theta (4.0-8.0), alpha (8.0-13.0) and beta (13.0-30.0). The observed regions included Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7, F8, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1 and O2. RESULTS The "positive" type schizophrenia differs from the "negative" in the increase in both delta and theta activities, and in the decline of beta activity over frontal regions. The "positive" type of schizophrenia differs from depression in the increase in delta activity over frontal regions, while the "negative" form of schizophrenia differs from it in the decrease in beta activity over frontal regions. CONCLUSIONS qEEG parameters differ in the comparison of "positive" and "negative" types of schizophrenia. These differences are more numerous and more significant than those obtained in the comparison of each of these types of schizophrenia with depression.
The Number of Likes Associated with Given Health-Related Messages on Facebook: The Moderating Effect of Value Involvement

ii Acknowledgments. iv Vita . vi List of Figures . xiii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Study 1 . 6 Consensus Cues on Social Media . 6 Previous Explications of Consensus Cues . 8 Aggregated opinions in a given group . 8 Information about how most people perform in a given situation . 12 Means to determine whether a behavior or opinion is considered a norm . 13 Consensus cue, Endorsement cue, and Bandwagon . 14 Endorsement Cues vs. Consensus Cues . 14 Bandwagon Cues vs. Consensus Cues . 15 Consensus Cues on Facebook Redefined . 17 Operationalization of Consensus Cues . 19 viii Consensus Cues on Social Media vs. Consensus Cues in Mass Communication Settings . 22 Norms and Norm Theory . 23 Likes and Norms . 31 Likes, Attitudes, and Perceived Credibility of a Message . 33 Likes and Behavioral Intentions . 35 Issue Involvement . 36 Chapter 3: Method . 40 Study Design . 40 Participants . 40 Stimulus . 41 Number of Facebook Friends . 44 Number of Likes . 44 Numbers 1 and 2 and the absence of likes. 45 Number 15. 47 Numbers 34 and 68. 47 Procedure . 49 Measurement . 49 Issue Involvement. 49
Appearance-based trust behaviour is reduced in children with autism spectrum disorder

Typical individuals make rapid and reliable evaluations of trustworthiness from facial appearances, which can powerfully influence behaviour. However, the same may not be true for children with autism spectrum disorder. Using an economic trust game, the current study revealed that like typical children, children with autism spectrum disorder rationally modulate their trust behaviour based on non-face cues to partner trustworthiness (e.g. reputation information). Critically, however, they are no more likely to place their trust in partners with faces that look trustworthy to them, than those that look untrustworthy. These results cannot be accounted for by any group differences in children’s conceptualization of trustworthiness, ability to read trustworthiness from faces or understanding of the experimental paradigm. Instead, they seem to suggest that there may be a selective failure to spontaneously use facial cues to trustworthiness to guide behaviour in an ecologically valid context.
Re-presenting, performing critical/post-critical research realities

The aim of this paper is to focus on the relations between theory and research methods in educational research by mapping out our own research journeys. The paper arises out of a plenary talk at a ‘Theory Workshop’ (13–15 May 2016) that the Australian Association for Educational Research facilitated with Griffith University in Brisbane. This introductory talk attempted to create the space for ‘opening up’ discussion about the complex relations between theory and methods, and to show how these complex relations have been realised in our own, very different, researcher trajectories. It was a ‘contradictory-performance’ – we conducted a dialogue, invited interruptions, meandered from the central issue of theory–method nexus, talked past one another, worked with a chaotic PowerPoint presentation (slides from which are included here) and so on. We wanted the talk to be messy and, in both its form and contents, to be an invitation to others to engage in similar ways during the weekend. We were also interested in connecting and disconnecting with some of the recent debates in education research, for example on experimental practices, performativity, new materiality, and post-qualitative research. Drawing on these debates and on our own research work, we wanted to create the space for considering our research in terms of their disjunctive ‘journeys’ and in terms of the consequences (and therefore to think about the purposes of research, and relatedly the purposes of education) of this contradictory work. This article is a reworked version of this talk – but we have tried to keep its open ‘feel’ in the hope of inviting other conversations about, and connections with and between, theory and methods.
Simultaneous Qualitative Assessment and Quantitative Analysis of Metabolites (Phenolics, Nucleosides and Amino Acids) from the Roots of Fresh Gastrodia elata Using UPLC-ESI-Triple Quadrupole Ion MS and ESI- Linear Ion Trap High-Resolution MS

A sensitive, effective and optimized method, based on ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with ESI-triple quadrupole ion MS and ESI-linear ion trap high-resolution MS, has been developed for the simultaneous quantitative and qualitative determination of phenolics, nucleosides and amino acids in the roots of fresh Gastrodia elata. Optimization of the analytical method provided higher separation efficiency and better peak resolution for the targeted compounds. The simultaneous separation protocols were also optimized by routinely using accurate mass measurements, within 5 ppm error, for each molecular ion and the subsequent fragment ions. In total, 31 compounds, including 23 phenolics, two nucleosides, four amino acids, one gastrodin and one other compound were identified or tentatively characterized. Mono-substituted parishin glucoside (9), methoxy mono-substituted parishin (13), methyl parishin (26), p-hydroxybenzyl di-substituted parishin (29), and p-hydroxybenzyl parishin (31) were tentatively identified as new compounds. Principal metabolite content analysis and the composition of eight representative G. elata cultivars of various species indicated that geographic insulation was the main contributor to clustering.
NMI mediates transcription-independent ARF regulation in response to cellular stresses

ETOC: NMI is a novel ARF-interacting protein identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. NMI inhibits ULF-induced ubiquitin degradation of ARF protein. It mediates transcription-independent ARF regulation and is required for the stabilization and up-regulation of ARF in response to cellular stresses.
Second- and Higher-Order Asymptotics For Erasure and List Decoding

We derive the optimum second-order coding rates, known as second-order capacities, for erasure and list decoding. For erasure decoding for discrete memoryless channels, we show that second-order capacity is $\sqrt{V}\Phi^{-1}(\epsilon_t)$ where $V$ is the channel dispersion and $\epsilon_t$ is the total error probability, i.e., the sum of the erasure and undetected errors. We show numerically that the expected rate at finite blocklength for erasures decoding can exceed the finite blocklength channel coding rate. We also show that the analogous result also holds for lossless source coding with decoder side information, i.e., Slepian-Wolf coding. For list decoding, we consider list codes of deterministic size that scales as $\exp(\sqrt{n}l)$ and show that the second-order capacity is $l+\sqrt{V}\Phi^{-1}(\epsilon)$ where $\epsilon$ is the permissible error probability. We also consider lists of polynomial size $n^\alpha$ and derive bounds on the third-order coding rate in terms of the order of the polynomial $\alpha$. These bounds are tight for symmetric and singular channels. The direct parts of the coding theorems leverage on the simple threshold decoder and converses are proved using variants of the hypothesis testing converse.
Case Report: Late Complication of a Dry Socket Treatment

Dry socket is often treated in dentistry with intra-alveolar dressings; the use of them remains controversial and has been related to some side effects such as neuritis, foreign body reactions, and myospherulosis. We present a case of an intra-alveolar dressing (zinc-oxide eugenol paste) that mimicked a trigeminal neuralgia for 3 years and caused a right maxillary chronic osteomyelitis and foreign body reaction in a zone corresponding to the alveolus of the maxillary first molar. This long-term complication was successfully managed by complete removal of the foreign body and curettage of the affected area.
BOANMA SÜRECĐNDE VE SONRASINDA KADIN WOMAN DURING THE DIVORCE PROCESS AND AFTER

Divorce is the termination of the marital relationship, by the married couple who cannot meet expectations of each other, through taking legal action. Women are disadvantaged relative to men during divorce and post� divorce processes. In this study, ten divorced women were interviewed by using indepth interview tech nique about the factors that affect men the problems that they face during divorce and postdivorce processe s. conclusion, the women are forced quite a while the divorce and they need to think a lot of times. The main factors that make it difficult to get the divorce decreases the concerns about the future of their children, the possible reactions of the people around and the loss of economic security.
Detecting single-trial EEG evoked potential using a wavelet domain linear mixed model: application to error potentials classification

Objective. The main goal of this work is to develop a model for multisensor signals, such as magnetoencephalography or electroencephalography (EEG) signals that account for inter-trial variability, suitable for corresponding binary classification problems. An important constraint is that the model be simple enough to handle small size and unbalanced datasets, as often encountered in BCI-type experiments. Approach. The method involves the linear mixed effects statistical model, wavelet transform, and spatial filtering, and aims at the characterization of localized discriminant features in multisensor signals. After discrete wavelet transform and spatial filtering, a projection onto the relevant wavelet and spatial channels subspaces is used for dimension reduction. The projected signals are then decomposed as the sum of a signal of interest (i.e., discriminant) and background noise, using a very simple Gaussian linear mixed model. Main results. Thanks to the simplicity of the model, the corresponding parameter estimation problem is simplified. Robust estimates of class-covariance matrices are obtained from small sample sizes and an effective Bayes plug-in classifier is derived. The approach is applied to the detection of error potentials in multichannel EEG data in a very unbalanced situation (detection of rare events). Classification results prove the relevance of the proposed approach in such a context. Significance. The combination of the linear mixed model, wavelet transform and spatial filtering for EEG classification is, to the best of our knowledge, an original approach, which is proven to be effective. This paper improves upon earlier results on similar problems, and the three main ingredients all play an important role.
PROGRAM EVALUATION OF READING PLUS : STUDY OF THE IMPACT ON READING ACHIEVEMENT FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN MOORE COUNTY SCHOOLS

Emilie Lawrence Simeon, PROGRAM EVALUATION OF READING PLUS: STUDY OF THE IMPACT ON READING ACHIEVEMENT FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN MOORE COUNTY SCHOOLS (Under the direction of Dr. James McDowelle) Department of Educational Leadership, November, 2014. The Superintendent of the Moore County Schools requested program evaluation for the purpose of determining the effect of remediation programs on achievement for students in the school system. This evaluation examined the intended purposes, actual uses, and benefits of the Reading Plus program on reading skills for Students with Disabilities. Data results from both qualitative and quantitative sources were analyzed to determine impact of the program. The study revealed that students in grades four though nine participate in the Reading Plus program for remediation purposes. The program, which is based on research regarding eye movements during the reading process, controls the speed of the eye movement during reading and trains the eye to travel more fluidly across written script. Reading Plus curriculum includes the five key reading areas determined by the National Reading Panel of 2000. Results of the study indicate that the Reading Plus program is both cost effective and appropriate for most Students with Disabilities at elementary, middle, and high school levels. PROGRAM EVALUATION OF READING PLUS: STUDY OF THE IMPACT ON READING ACHIEVEMENT FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN MOORE COUNTY SCHOOLS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Educational Leadership East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education
Real-Time MultiView Face Tracking for Human-Robot Interaction

For face tracking in a video sequence, various face tracking algorithms have been proposed. However, most of them have a difficulty in finding the initial position and size of a face automatically. In this paper, we present a fast and robust method for fully automatic multiview face detection and tracking. Using a small number of critical rectangle features selected and trained by Adaboost learning algorithm, we can detect the initial position, size and view of a face correctly. Once a face is reliably detected, we can extract face and upper body color distribution from the detected facial regions and upper body regions for building a robust color modeling respectively. Simultaneously, each color modeling is performed by using k-means clustering and multiple gaussian models. Then, fast and efficient multi-view face tracking is executed by using several critical features. Our proposed algorithm is robust to rotation, partial occlusions, and scale changes in front of dynamic, unstructured background. In addition, our proposed method is computationally efficient. Therefore, it can be executed in real-time. Index Terms Rectangular features, Adaboost learning algorithm, K-means clustering, Multiple gaussian models.
Sing Your Lungs Out—a community singing group for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a 1-year pilot study

Objective Singing group participation may benefit patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies are limited by small numbers of participants and short duration of generally hospital-based singing group intervention. This study examines the feasibility of long-term participation in a community singing group for patients with COPD who had completed pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Methods This was a feasibility cohort study. Patients with COPD who had completed PR and were enrolled in a weekly community exercise group were recruited to a new community-based singing group which met weekly for over 1 year. Measurements at baseline, 4 months and 1 year comprised comprehensive pulmonary function tests including lung volumes, 6 min walk test (6MWT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and hospital admission days for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) for 1 year before and after the first singing group session. Findings There were 28 participants with chronic lung disease recruited from 140 people approached. Five withdrew in the first month. 21 participants meeting Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria for COPD completed 4-month and 18 completed 1-year assessments. The mean attendance was 85%. For the prespecified primary outcome measure, total HADS score, difference between baseline and 12 months was −0.9, 95% CI −3.0 to 1.2, p=0.37. Of the secondary measures, a significant reduction was observed for HADS anxiety score after 1 year of −0.9 (95% CI −1.8 to −0.1) points, p=0.038 and an increase in the 6MWT at 1 year, of 65 (95% CI 35 to 99) m compared with baseline p<0.001. Conclusions Our findings support the feasibility of long-term participation in a community singing group for adults with COPD who have completed PR and are enrolled in a weekly community exercise group and provide evidence of improved exercise capacity and a reduction in anxiety. Trial registration number ACTRN12615000736549; Results.
IL-1 and IL-23 Mediate Early IL-17A Production in Pulmonary Inflammation Leading to Late Fibrosis

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating as yet untreatable disease. We demonstrated recently the predominant role of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β expression in the establishment of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Methods The contribution of IL-23 or IL-17 in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis was assessed using the bleomycin model in deficient mice. Results We show that bleomycin or IL-1β-induced lung injury leads to increased expression of early IL-23p19, and IL-17A or IL-17F expression. Early IL-23p19 and IL-17A, but not IL-17F, and IL-17RA signaling are required for inflammatory response to BLM as shown with gene deficient mice or mice treated with neutralizing antibodies. Using FACS analysis, we show a very early IL-17A and IL-17F expression by RORγt+ γδ T cells and to a lesser extent by CD4αβ+ T cells, but not by iNKT cells, 24 hrs after BLM administration. Moreover, IL-23p19 and IL-17A expressions or IL-17RA signaling are necessary to pulmonary TGF-β1 production, collagen deposition and evolution to fibrosis. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the existence of an early IL-1β-IL-23-IL-17A axis leading to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and identify innate IL-23 and IL-17A as interesting drug targets for IL-1β driven lung pathology.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Type Ia Supernovae Flames. II. The Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

A Type Ia supernova explosion likely begins as a nuclear runaway near the center of a carbon-oxygen white dwarf. The outward-propagating flame is unstable to the Landau-Darrieus, Rayleigh-Taylor, and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, which serve to accelerate it to a large fraction of the speed of sound. We investigate the Rayleigh-Taylor unstable flame at the transition from the flamelet regime to the distributed burning regime, around densities of 107 g cm-3, through detailed, fully resolved simulations. A low Mach number, adaptive mesh hydrodynamics code is used to achieve the necessary resolution and long timescales. As the density is varied, we see a fundamental change in the character of the burning: at the low end of the density range, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability dominates the burning, whereas at the high end, the burning suppresses the instability. In all cases, significant acceleration of the flame is observed, limited only by the size of the domain we are able to study. We discuss the implications of these results on the potential for a deflagration to detonation transition.