Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple: A Sequential Immunoperoxidase Labeling and Erasing Method

The ability to simultaneously visualize expression of multiple antigens in cells and tissues can provide powerful insights into cellular and organismal biology. However, standard methods are limited to the use of just two or three simultaneous probes and have not been widely adopted for routine use in paraffin-embedded tissue. We have developed a novel approach called sequential immunoperoxidase labeling and erasing (SIMPLE) that enables the simultaneous visualization of at least five markers within a single tissue section. Utilizing the alcohol-soluble peroxidase substrate 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole, combined with a rapid non-destructive method for antibody-antigen dissociation, we demonstrate the ability to erase the results of a single immunohistochemical stain while preserving tissue antigenicity for repeated rounds of labeling. SIMPLE is greatly facilitated by the use of a whole-slide scanner, which can capture the results of each sequential stain without any information loss.
Analysis operator learning for overcomplete cosparse representations

We consider the problem of learning a low-dimensional signal model from a collection of training samples. The mainstream approach would be to learn an overcomplete dictionary to provide good approximations of the training samples using sparse synthesis coefficients. This famous sparse model has a less well known counterpart, in analysis form, called the cosparse analysis model. In this new model, signals are characterized by their parsimony in a transformed domain using an overcomplete analysis operator. We propose to learn an analysis operator from a training corpus using a constrained optimization program based on L1 optimization. We derive a practical learning algorithm, based on projected subgradients, and demonstrate its ability to robustly recover a ground truth analysis operator, provided the training set is of sufficient size. A local optimality condition is derived, providing preliminary theoretical support for the well-posedness of the learning problem under appropriate conditions.
Data enriched linear regression

We present a linear regression method for predictions on a small data set making use of a second possibly biased data set that may be much larger. Our method fits linear regressions to the two data sets while penalizing the difference between predictions made by those two models. The resulting algorithm is a shrinkage method similar to those used in small area estimation. Our main result is a Stein-type finding for Gaussian responses: when the model has 5 or more coefficients and 10 or more error degrees of freedom, it becomes inadmissible to use only the small data set, no matter how large the bias is. We also present both plug-in and AICcbased methods to tune the penalty parameter. Most of our results use an L2 penalty, but we also obtain formulas for L1 penalized estimates when the model is specialized to the location setting. MSC 2010 subject classifications: Primary 62F10; secondary 62J07.
Clustering Time-Series Gene Expression Data Using Smoothing Spline Derivatives

Microarray data acquired during time-course experiments allow the temporal variations in gene expression to be monitored. An original postprandial fasting experiment was conducted in the mouse and the expression of 200 genes was monitored with a dedicated macroarray at 11 time points between 0 and 72 hours of fasting. The aim of this study was to provide a relevant clustering of gene expression temporal profiles. This was achieved by focusing on the shapes of the curves rather than on the absolute level of expression. Actually, we combined spline smoothing and first derivative computation with hierarchical and partitioning clustering. A heuristic approach was proposed to tune the spline smoothing parameter using both statistical and biological considerations. Clusters are illustrated a posteriori through principal component analysis and heatmap visualization. Most results were found to be in agreement with the literature on the effects of fasting on the mouse liver and provide promising directions for future biological investigations.
Does logging and forest conversion to oil palm agriculture alter functional diversity in a biodiversity hotspot?

Forests in Southeast Asia are rapidly being logged and converted to oil palm. These changes in land‐use are known to affect species diversity but consequences for the functional diversity of species assemblages are poorly understood. Environmental filtering of species with similar traits could lead to disproportionate reductions in trait diversity in degraded habitats. Here, we focus on dung beetles, which play a key role in ecosystem processes such as nutrient recycling and seed dispersal. We use morphological and behavioural traits to calculate a variety of functional diversity measures across a gradient of disturbance from primary forest through intensively logged forest to oil palm. Logging caused significant shifts in community composition but had very little effect on functional diversity, even after a repeated timber harvest. These data provide evidence for functional redundancy of dung beetles within primary forest and emphasize the high value of logged forests as refugia for biodiversity. In contrast, conversion of forest to oil palm greatly reduced taxonomic and functional diversity, with a marked decrease in the abundance of nocturnal foragers, a higher proportion of species with small body sizes and the complete loss of telecoprid species (dung‐rollers), all indicating a decrease in the functional capacity of dung beetles within plantations. These changes also highlight the vulnerability of community functioning within logged forests in the event of further environmental degradation.
Image Processing System for Visual Inspection of Cylindrical Parts

Despite much progress with automation in overall manufacturing process, automation in visual inspection process is not so progressed. However, there is growing needs of an automatic visual inspection device that can replace the inspection manpower in the field of metallic cylindrical parts such as rollers, pins or shafts. Therefore, Koyo has developed the high speed and high accuracy image processing system for automatic visual inspection of cylindrical parts. This paper describes the new image processing system that enables high speed and high accuracy visual inspection. This system is realized by original simultaneous processing algorithms which provide both the detection of defects and the development of 2-D image formed from many 1-D signals, obtained through the line-scan camera grabbing on-feed objects directly while they are moving.
The Role of Habit and the Changing Nature of the Relationship between Intention and Usage

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changing nature of the relationship between intention and usage over time. Our main argument is that as individuals get into the habit of continuously using a system, the predictive power of intention will be diluted. Consequently, the more usage is performed out of habit, the less cognitive planning is involved. In other words, as habit of using an IS increases, the relationship between intention and usage weakens. This paper describes the theory bases, the research method, as well as the potential contribution of this work-in-progress.
One and Done? Optimal Decisions From Very Few Samples

In many learning or inference tasks human behavior approximates that of a Bayesian ideal observer, suggesting that, at some level, cognition can be described as Bayesian inference. However, a number of findings have highlighted an intriguing mismatch between human behavior and standard assumptions about optimality: People often appear to make decisions based on just one or a few samples from the appropriate posterior probability distribution, rather than using the full distribution. Although sampling-based approximations are a common way to implement Bayesian inference, the very limited numbers of samples often used by humans seem insufficient to approximate the required probability distributions very accurately. Here, we consider this discrepancy in the broader framework of statistical decision theory, and ask: If people are making decisions based on samples--but as samples are costly--how many samples should people use to optimize their total expected or worst-case reward over a large number of decisions? We find that under reasonable assumptions about the time costs of sampling, making many quick but locally suboptimal decisions based on very few samples may be the globally optimal strategy over long periods. These results help to reconcile a large body of work showing sampling-based or probability matching behavior with the hypothesis that human cognition can be understood in Bayesian terms, and they suggest promising future directions for studies of resource-constrained cognition.
Regional ischemic preconditioning enhances myocardial performance in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVES We intended to investigate whether ischemic preconditioning (IP) enhances myocardial performance in patients who undergo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). DESIGN A controlled, randomized, prospective study. SETTING A university hospital. PATIENTS Thirty-two patients with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) or two-vessel heart disease (including LAD) who were to undergo off-pump CABG were randomized into an IP group and a control group. INTERVENTIONS IP was induced by occluding the LAD twice for a 2-min period followed by 3-min LAD reperfusion before bypass grafting of the first coronary vessel. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Registration included hemodynamic data from the peripheral artery and the pulmonary artery, and the measurement of cardiac troponin I (CTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) values. IP resulted in a complete recovery of the mean stroke volume index (SVI) after the operation. In the control subjects, the mean SVI showed a significant reduction postoperatively (p = 0.039). On the first postoperative day, the increase in the mean heart rate (HR) was also significantly lower in the IP patients. The CTnI level was statistically significantly lower in the IP group (p = 0.043), and IP patients tended to have a smaller CK-MB release after surgery (not significant). The duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of stay in the ICU, and the use of inotropic medication did not increase after the IP protocol. CONCLUSIONS Two cycles of regional 2-min IP in the LAD, followed by 3 min of reperfusion, proved to be applicable and safe in patients undergoing off-pump myocardial revascularization, it tended to decrease the immediate myocardial enzyme release, it prohibited the postoperative increase in HR, and it enhanced the recovery of SVI.
2D mapping of cluttered indoor environments by means of 3D perception

This paper presents a combination of a 3D laser sensor and a line-base SLAM algorithm which together produce 2D line maps of highly cluttered indoor environments. The key of the described method is the replacement of commonly used 2D laser range sensors by 3D perception. A straightforward algorithm extracts a virtual 2D scan that also contains partially occluded walls. These virtual scans are used as input for SLAM using line segments as features. The paper presents the used algorithms and experimental results that were made in a former industrial bakery. The focus lies on scenes that are known to be problematic for pure 2D systems. The results demonstrate that mapping indoor environments can be made robust with respect to both, poor odometry and clutter.
ERCP-directed radiofrequency ablation of ampullary adenomas: a knife-sparing alternative in patients unfit for surgery

The management of ampullary adenomas includes surgical and endoscopic ampullectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy. The latter is associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased morbidity, and increased costs. Mortality rates of up to 15% have been reported [1–4]. Because the surgical risks may outweigh the benefits and endoscopic ampullectomy is less radical, with recurrence or incomplete resection in up to 30% of cases [4,5], adjunctive minimally invasive endoscopic treatments are needed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-directed radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has the potential to fulfill this need. The technique, which induces local coagulative necrosis by delivering thermal energy from high frequency current via bipolar probes, has not previously been described in this setting. We report here the first three cases. (i) A 49-year-oldwomanwith familial adenomatous polyposis refused pancreaticoduodenectomy when intraductal recurrence was noted at follow-up after endoscopic ampullectomy (●" Fig.1). ERCP-directed RFA of both the common bile duct andmain pancreatic duct with curative intent and double duct stenting were performed (●" Fig.2, ●" Video 1). (ii) A 63year-old man with end-stage kidney disease, severe ischemic heart disease, recent stroke, obstructive jaundice due to common bile duct stones, and low grade dysplasia adenoma (12mm) was treated with bile duct ERCP-guided RFA (●" Fig.3). (iii) A 54-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis (Child–Pugh score of B), recent variceal bleeding, ischemic heart disease, and obstructive jaundice was treated for high grade dysplasia adenoma (20mm) by bile duct ERCP-guided RFA and double duct stenting (●" Fig.4). No major complications occurred. The first patient is disease-free without histological recurrence of adenoma at 26 months’ follow-up.The second and third patients received successful prolonged palliation of jaundice at 12 and 36 months’ follow-up, respectively. The third patient died of complications of cirrhosis. In conclusion, ERCP-guided RFA is a safe and cost-effective alternative in patients who refuse or cannot undergo surgery and could be a long-term, palliative strategy in high risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] class IV) whose 1-year life expectancy is not affected by their underlying co-morbidities.
Accuracy of Skin Cancer Diagnosis by Physician Assistants Compared With Dermatologists in a Large Health Care System

Importance Physician assistants (PAs) are increasingly used in dermatology practices to diagnose skin cancers, although, to date, their diagnostic accuracy compared with board-certified dermatologists has not been well studied. Objective To compare diagnostic accuracy for skin cancer of PAs with that of dermatologists. Design, Setting, and Participants Medical record review of 33 647 skin cancer screening examinations in 20 270 unique patients who underwent screening at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center–affiliated dermatology offices from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code V76.43 and International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code Z12.83 were used to identify pathology reports from skin cancer screening examinations by dermatologists and PAs. Exposure Examination performed by a PA or dermatologist. Main Outcomes and Measures Number needed to biopsy (NNB) to diagnose skin cancer (nonmelanoma, invasive melanoma, or in situ melanoma). Results Of 20 270 unique patients, 12 722 (62.8%) were female, mean (SD) age at the first visit was 52.7 (17.4) years, and 19 515 patients (96.3%) self-reported their race/ethnicity as non-Hispanic white. To diagnose 1 case of skin cancer, the NNB was 3.9 for PAs and 3.3 for dermatologists (P < .001). Per diagnosed melanoma, the NNB was 39.4 for PAs and 25.4 for dermatologists (P = .007). Patients screened by a PA were significantly less likely than those screened by a dermatologist to be diagnosed with melanoma in situ (1.1% vs 1.8% of visits, P = .02), but differences were not significant for invasive melanoma (0.7% vs 0.8% of visits, P = .83) or nonmelanoma skin cancer (6.1% vs 6.1% of visits, P = .98). Conclusions and Relevance Compared with dermatologists, PAs performed more skin biopsies per case of skin cancer diagnosed and diagnosed fewer melanomas in situ, suggesting that the diagnostic accuracy of PAs may be lower than that of dermatologists. Although the availability of PAs may help increase access to care and reduce waiting times for appointments, these findings have important implications for the training, appropriate scope of practice, and supervision of PAs and other nonphysician practitioners in dermatology.
Parental chronic widespread pain and the association with chronic widespread pain in adult offspring: Family‐linkage data from the Norwegian HUNT Study

Individuals experiencing chronic widespread pain (CWP) have greater disability and poorer quality of life compared to those with other chronic painful conditions; although research identifying risk factors for CWP is lacking. We aimed to investigate whether parental CWP increases the risk of offspring CWP, and if offspring body mass index (BMI) and leisure time physical activity modify this association.
On-the-fly token similarity joins in relational databases

Token similarity joins represent data items as sets of tokens, for example, strings are represented as sets of q-grams (substrings of length q). Two items are considered similar and match if their token sets have a large overlap. Previous work on similarity joins in databases mainly focuses on expressing the overlap computation with relational operators. The tokens are assumed to preexist in the database, and the token generation cannot be expressed as part of the query. Our goal is to efficiently compute token similarity joins on-the-fly, i.e., without any precomputed tokens or indexes. We define tokenize, a new relational operator that generates tokens and allows the similarity join to be fully integrated into relational databases. This allows us to (1) optimize the token generation as part of the query plan, (2) provide the query optimizer with cardinality estimates for tokens, (3) choose efficient algorithms based on the query context. We discuss algebraic properties, cardinality estimates, and an efficient iterator algorithm for tokenize. We implemented our operator in the kernel of PostgreSQL and empirically evaluated its performance for similarity joins.
A New Model to Produce Sagittal Plane Rotational Induced Diffuse Axonal Injuries

A new in vivo animal model that produces diffuse brain injuries in sagittal plane rearward rotational acceleration has been developed. In this model, the skull of an anesthetized adult rat is tightly secured to a rotating bar. During trauma, the bar is impacted by a striker that causes the bar and the animal head to rotate rearward; the acceleration phase last 0.4 ms and is followed by a rotation at constant speed and a gentle deceleration when the bar makes contact with a padded stop. The total head angle change is less than 30°. By adjusting the air pressure in the rifle used to accelerate the striker, resulting rotational acceleration between 0.3 and 2.1 Mrad/s2 can be produced. Numerous combinations of trauma levels, post-trauma survival times, brain and serum retrieval, and tissue preparation techniques were adopted to characterize this new model. The trauma caused subdural bleedings in animals exposed to severe trauma. Staining brain tissue with β-Amyloid Precursor Protein antibodies and FD Neurosilver that detect degenerating axons revealed wide spread axonal injuries (AI) in the corpus callosum, the border between the corpus callosum and cortex and in tracts in the brain stem. The observed AIs were apparent only when the rotational acceleration level was moderate and above. On the contrary, only limited signs of contusion injuries were observed following trauma. Macrophage invasions, glial fibrillary acidic protein redistribution or hypertrophy, and blood brain barrier (BBB) changes were unusual. S100 serum analyses indicate that blood vessel and glia cell injuries occur following moderate levels of trauma despite the absence of obvious BBB injuries. We conclude that this rotational trauma model is capable of producing graded axonal injury, is repeatable and produces limited other types of traumatic brain injuries and as such is useful in the study of injury biomechanics, diagnostics, and treatment strategies following diffuse axonal injury.
Are Institutions Momentum Traders?

This paper examines institutional trading in momentum portfolios. The key result is that institutions engage in momentum trading over the subsequent 3 quarters, buying winners and selling losers, in response to past returns but not past earnings news. Momentum trading is strengthened, however, when returns are accompanied by earnings news of the same sign. While past high returns predict future institutional buying, past institutional buying does not predict future stock returns. Among institutions, investment advisors (e.g., mutual funds and brokerage firms) are the most active momentum traders; banks and insurance companies are the least active. Additional tests indicate that institutional momentum trading is concentrated among high volume winners and losers and among low B/M winners and high B/M losers.
Evaluation of fairness in multiplayer network games

In multiplayer networks games, the network quality (delay or loss) differences among players can lead to unfairness in playing game. Fairness generally refers to all players having equal playing conditions in the conventional studies and it was attempted to keep fairness by making the level of network quality uniform for all game players. However, this approach makes network functions too complicated. This paper evaluates the fairness in multiplayer network games, assuming that no efforts are taken to make network quality uniform for all the game players and that a game is fair if all game players accept the existence of network quality differences and do not feel being treated unfairly. First, this paper tries to identify events which greatly influence the player's perception of unfairness. Then, this paper evaluates the lowest network quality level difference at which unfairness is not perceived by the game player, and indicates that the lowest network quality level difference in congested situation is less than that in normal situation. The results in this paper could provide basic information for the design of multiplayer network game systems.