Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Report on the First Native Language Identification Shared Task

Native Language Identiﬁcation, or NLI, is the task of automatically classifying the L1 of a writer based solely on his or her essay written in another language. This problem area has seen a spike in interest in recent years as it can have an impact on educational applications tailored towards non-native speakers of a language, as well as authorship pro-ﬁling. While there has been a growing body of work in NLI, it has been difﬁcult to compare methodologies because of the different approaches to pre-processing the data, different sets of languages identiﬁed, and different splits of the data used. In this shared task, the ﬁrst ever for Native Language Identiﬁcation, we sought to address the above issues by providing a large corpus designed speciﬁcally for NLI, in addition to providing an environment for systems to be directly compared. In this paper, we report the results of the shared task. A total of 29 teams from around the world competed across three different sub-tasks.
Corporate Governance and Independent Directors: Much Ado About Nothing? The Evidence Behind Private Equity Investment Performance

Recourse to independent directors by private equity investors is not tied to performance increases. We draw this conclusion from analyzing a unique data set representative of the European context: all deals made by Italian closed-end funds from 1999 to 2003. Our study shows, in fact, that corporate governance does not impact the rate of return on a deal. Performance, instead, is driven by the characteristics of an initiative (exit-way, holding period and shareholding). Further, we find that independent directors are involved in deals requiring greater skills and know-how. They tend to resign when performance is unsatisfactory. Moreover, these professionals improve deal performance if their commitment with the management company lasts throughout the deal and if there is a continual turnover of these directors.
Paradoxes of Restorative Justice in the Workplace

Proponents of restorative justice argue that restorative practices are more effective than legalistic practices at addressing detrimental personal and relational outcomes of hurtful behavior. Following this thinking, researchers have argued that restorative justice offers the promise of constructive outcomes in the workplace as well. Yet, when adapted into workplace policies and norms, the potential exists for the use of restorative practices paradoxically to reinforce legalistic organizing structures and practices. Based on interviews with employees at an organization that codified and promoted restorative practices, this study identifies several paradoxes that can occur when engaging in restorative practices within a traditional, bureaucratic organizational structure. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these paradoxes for the understanding and practice of restorative justice in the workplace.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disease, described by an immune-mediated loss of NMDA glutamate receptors, resulting in progressive mental deterioration. To date, literature on anti-NMDAR encephalitis has been largely clinically oriented, including descriptions of the clinical presentation and course, diagnostic methods, and potential clinical treatments. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the complex immunological cellular transformation that is associated with the progression of anti-NMDAR encephalitis remain to be adequately explored. This review will provide a summary of the current literature on anti-NMDAR encephalitis, including the immunologic molecular mechanisms contributing to disease progression. In particular this review will focus on the effect of anti-NMDAR on GluN2-NMDAR expression and the molecular transformation of B and T leukocytes in the loss of self-tolerance. Further research on the immunologic mechanisms contributing to anti-NMDAR encephalitis may provide an avenue for future novel diagnostic approaches, such as immunologic surveillance, as well as new therapeutic strategies for this recently identified autoimmune disease.
Evolutionary economic geography : theoretical and empirical progress

Introduction: Evolutionary Economic Geography - Theoretical and Empirical Progress Dieter F. Kogler 1. Towards a Developmental Turn in Evolutionary Economic Geography? Ron Martin and Peter Sunley 2. Towards an Evolutionary Perspective on Regional Resilience Ron Boschma 3. Relatedness, Industrial Branching and Technological Cohesion in US Metropolitan Areas Jurgen Essletzbichler 4. Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Technological Breakthroughs: An analysis of US State-Level Patenting Carolina Castaldi, Koen Frenken and Bart Los 5. The Role of External Linkages and Gatekeepers for the Renewal and Expansion of US Cities' Knowledge Base, 1990-2004 Stefano Breschi and Camilla Lenzi 6. rKnowledge: The Spatial Diffusion and Adoption of rDNA Methods Maryann P. Feldman, Dieter F. Kogler and David L. Rigby 7. Interaction and Innovation across Different Sectors: Findings from Norwegian City-Regions Rune Dahl Fitjar and Andres Rodriguez-Pose 8. What Makes Clusters Decline? A Study on Disruption and Evolution of a High-Tech Cluster in Denmark Christian Richter Ostergaard and Eunkyung Park 9. Path Renewal in Old Industrial Regions: Possibilities and Limitations for Regional Innovation Policy Lars Coenen, Jerker Moodysson and Hanna Martin 10. Education-Job (Mis)Match and Interregional Migration: Italian University Graduates' Transition to Work Simona Iammarino and Elisabetta Marinelli 11. Knowledge Neighbourhoods: Urban Form and Evolutionary Economic Geography Gregory M. Spencer
Alexithymic Trait and Voluntary Control in Healthy Adults

Background Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions. Recent studies have revealed that alexithymia is associated with less activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region shown to play a role in cognitive and emotional processing. However, few studies have directly investigated the cognitive domain in relation to alexithymia to examine whether alexithymic trait is related to less efficient voluntary control. Methodology/ Principal Findings We examined the relationship between alexithymic trait and voluntary control in a group of healthy volunteers. We used the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to measure alexithymic trait. Additionally, we examined state and trait voluntary control using the revised Attention Network Test (ANT-R) and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ), respectively. Alexithymic trait was positively correlated with the overall reaction time of the ANT-R, and negatively correlated with the Effortful Control factor of the ATQ. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that alexithymic trait is associated with less efficient voluntary control.
Feeling may separate Two Authors : Incorporating Sentiment in Authorship Identification Task

The modern era has been now extremely advanced and well developed by use of the internet especially blog, social networks, online forum and email etc. are gaining immense popularity. Thus, authorship identification is being used not only in such areas but also for forensic analysis and humanities. In this paper, we have proposed a framework for authorship identification by including the sentiment words for the classification purpose with traditional stylistic and linguistic features. We have experimented on PAN’11 dataset and achieved satisfactory results in terms of macro-average and micro-average accuracies.
Alone, Together: The Influence of Stigmatization on Cultural Relationality

It is no secret that great disparities in wealth and opportunities pervade our society. Psychological research pertaining to resource inequality attributes these disparities a product of social stigmatization, which is the experience of societal rejection due to the negative stereotypes associated with group membership. Social stigma is correlated with adverse effects; the current research explores the possibility that stigma can alter the extent to which others are included in one’s sense of self, also known as cultural relationality. Study 1 investigated this relationship by measuring both stigma and relationality using self-report measures and found relationality to be negatively correlated with stigmatization. In study 2, stigma salience was manipulated and it was found those primed to think about stigma were less relational than those who were in the control condition. Lastly, in study 3 there was an interaction between stigma type and how severe the specific stigmatizing event was perceived to be, such that those who were asked to write about witnessing discrimination were more relational than those who wrote the control essay or wrote about experiencing discrimination personally, and this was only the case for those who wrote about a highly severe event. Taken together, these studies showed evidence for a systematic relationship between stigmatization and relationality, albeit in a different way than was hypothesized. Implications for these findings are discussed.
Pattern recognition with novel support vector machine learning method

The concept of optimal hyperplane has been recently proposed in the context of statistical learning theory. The important property of an optimal hyperplane is that it provides maximum margins to each class to be separated. Obviously, such a decision boundary is expected to yield good generalization. Currently, the support vector machines (SVM) are probably one of the very few models (if not the only ones) that make use of the optimal hyperplane concept. In this study we investigate the basic SVM method and point out some problems that may arise especially in large scale problems with abundant data. Moreover, we propose a novel SVM type method that aims to avoid the problems found in the basic method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can give very good classification performance. However, the results also point out another potential problem in the SVM scheme which should be considered in the future studies.
Acceptance of Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology Among Dementia Clients and Family Caregivers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptance of Global Positioning System (GPS) used to help people with dementia, who are at risk for wandering in their communities. We used a mixed methods research approach that included use logs, pre and post paper-based questionnaires, and focus groups. Forty-five client-caregiver pairs (dyads) were included to use one of the GPS devices for an average of 5.8 months over a 1-year period. GPS acceptance was high; dyads were likely to continue using the GPS. According to the participants, the GPS provided caregivers peace of mind and reduced anxiety in dyads when clients got lost.
Power Control to the People? Private Consumers' Acceptance of Smart Meters

The increasing diffusion of renewable energies which underlie significant daily and seasonal fluctuations increases grid operations’ complexity. For the effective use of renewable energies, innovative information and communication technologies (ICT) and concepts are necessary to efficiently balance power generation and consumption. An ICT-based innovation in this context is the smart metering technology. High-end smart meters, like advanced meter management (AMM) solutions, comprise a broad range of new services which are vital to an ICT-based energy system (eenergy) by enabling the bidirectional transfer of timely and reliable information between components of an energy system. However, to date the acceptance of smart meters has not been investigated. Using a context-specific extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) of Davis (1989), our study investigates smart meters’ acceptance based on the attitude toward use and the salient beliefs perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and subjective control. Results support the theorized relationships indicating that the attitude toward use fully mediates the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and subjective control on intention to use. In the conclusion a detailed discussion of the study’s findings is provided and the implications for research, practice, and policy are highlighted.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early-antigen antibodies and EBV DNA load in blood, in posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease.

With PTLD EBV primary infection 1 Liver, small bowel 6 NA Absent Reduction in IS [dead at week 10] 2 Liver, kidney 5 NA 255 Reduction in IS 3 Liver 3 NA 53 Reduction in IS 4 Liver, small bowel 3 NA Absent Reduction in IS [dead at week 4] 5 Liver 184 NA 200 Anti-CD20 (4 times) 6 Heart 224 1,000,000 0 Chemotherapy 7 Lung 9 100,000 Absent (after week 89) Anti-CD20 (5 times), chemotherapy EBV reactivation 8 Liver 24 NA 58 Reduction in IS 9 Liver, small bowel 3 NA 56 Anti-CD20 (3 times) 10 Liver, small bowel 19 250,000 Absent (after week 66) Anti-CD20 (6 times) Without PTLD EBV primary infection 11 Liver 45 50,000 0 12 Liver, small bowel 7 14,000 3 13 Small bowel 3 100,000 53 14 Kidney 45 35,000 0 15 Kidney 32 40,000 3 EBV reactivation 16 Kidney 90 10,000 0 17 Liver, small bowel 3 100,000 0 18 Heart 2 210,000 0 19 Kidney 32 10,000 0
Adaptive Plasticity in Female Mate Choice Dampens Sexual Selection on Male Ornaments in the Lark Bunting

Theory on the evolution of ornamental male traits by sexual selection assumes consistency in selection over time. Temporal variation in female choice could dampen sexual selection, but scant information exists on the degree to which individual female preferences are flexible. Here we show that in lark buntings sexual selection on male traits varied dramatically across years and, in some cases, exhibited reversals in the direction of selection for a single trait. We show that these shifts are probably because of flexibility in mate choice by individual females and that they parallel shifts in the male traits that predict female reproductive success in a given year. Plasticity in choice and concomitant reversals in mating patterns across time may weaken the strength of sexual selection and could maintain genetic variation underlying multiple sexual ornaments.
Demography of northern spotted owls in southwestern Oregon

Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) are associated with lower elevation, commercially valuable, late-successional coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest. Metaanalyses of demographic parameters indicate that Northern Spotted Owl populations are declining throughout their range (Anderson and Burnham 1992, Burnham et al. this volume). Recent research has attempted to determine whether management activities have affected the viability of Spotted Owl populations, and results have led to development of conservation plans for the species (Dawson et al. 1987, Thomas et al. 1990, Murphy and Noon 1992, USDI 1992, Thomas et al. 1993b). In the Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl (USDI 1992b) threats to the species were identified as small population sizes, declining populations, limited amounts of habitat, continued loss and fragmentation of habitat, geographically isolated populations, and predation and competition from other avian species. Weather and fire are natural processes that also may affect reproductive success of Spotted Owls. Weather may be a factor in the high annual variability in fecundity of Spotted Owls, as has been suggested for other predatory bird species (Newton, 1979, 1986). However, these factors have not been addressed in previous studies of Spotted Owls. Our objectives were to estimate survival, fecundity, and annual rates of population change (λ) for resident, territorial female Spotted Owls at two study areas in the coastal mountains of southwestern Oregon. We tested if the amount of rainfall was correlated with reproduction of Spotted Owls. While surveying for Spotted Owls, we documented the increased presence of Barred Owls (Strix varia), a potential competitor of Spotted Owls.
THE PREDICTION OF STAFF BURNOUT INDICATORS IN IDD COMMUNITY SERVICES BY STAFF DEPRESSION, WORK FUNCTIONING, AND WORKING ALLIANCE

I examined how burnout indicators for DSPs are impacted by the presence of certain intrapersonal and interpersonal resources. Based on the job demands-resource model of work stress (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2001), it was hypothesized that depression, work functioning problems, and working alliance would all impact burnout indicators for DSPs uniquely. It was also hypothesized that working alliance would interact with depression and work functioning problems to moderate their impact on emotional exhaustion. Participants were 201 direct service professionals (DSPs) who completed the surveys at a one-day training event. Regression models showed that depression, working alliance, and work functioning problems each have significant and unique impact on burnout, though they affected different indicators within the burnout model. Results also showed that there was no interaction effect for working alliance. Depression significantly predicted emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Depression was the best predictor of emotional exhaustion. Work functioning problems significantly predicted emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and was the best predictor of depersonalization. Working alliance significantly predicted depersonalization and was the best predictor of personal accomplishment. These results of this study offer evidence of the impact of the DPS-client relationship on personal accomplishment and introduces working alliance to this field of study. Implications for how to help DSPs manage burnout symptoms are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Dual Role of IT-Assisted Communication in Patient Care: A Validated Structure-Process-Outcome Framework

Despite the fact that about 90 percent of information transactions in hospitals are communications between patients, doctors, nurses, and other staff, little research has addressed the role that information technology (IT) plays in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of these communications-based transactions. Addressing this research gap is important considering that a substantial number of adverse hospital events stem from communication failures. Furthermore, effective communication is a major driver of patient satisfaction in hospitals. Using a structure-process-outcome (SPO) framework and guided by the strategic role of IT literature, we develop a model that includes "structure," operationalized as organizational characteristics and two different categories of IT; "process," two different communication-based processes; and "outcomes," quantified as case-mix adjusted mortality, patient loyalty, and patient ratings. Specifically, we hypothesize that a subset of clinical IT (cardiology IT) will affect technical protocols of patient care, which in turn affects mortality, while administrative IT will affect interpersonal patient care, which relates to patient loyalty and ratings. Thus, IT can serve as a double-edged sword affecting both technical and interpersonal processes of care, but possibly independently and differentially. We test our hypotheses on 2,179 hospitals using data collected and matched from three different sources. Our findings suggest that different types of IT differentially affect hospital processes and these same processes influence performance metrics such as mortality and patient satisfaction. For example, cardiology IT has a greater effect on objective patient health status through improvements in the technical protocols of care. Surprisingly, administrative IT was shown to adversely affect interpersonal care processes. It could be true that the IT is intrusive and interferes in the doctor-patient relationship; however, a post hoc analysis suggests the possibility of curvilinear impacts. Thus, managers should recognize that over- and underinvestment in IT can potentially have negative effects on performance and these results vary by IT type. Both technical and interpersonal processes yielded significant relationships to their respective outcomes and some cross-outcome effects were found, further suggesting that the mediating role of processes is an important link between IT and value.
Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: II. Concentrations and surface exchange fluxes of atmospheric particles

Abstract. Size-dependent particle number fluxes measured by eddy-covariance (EC) and continuous fluxes of ammonium (NH4+) measured with the aerodynamic gradient method (AGM) are reported for a Dutch heathland. Daytime deposition velocities (Vd) by EC with peak values of 5 to 10 mm s-1 increased with particle diameter (dp) over the range 0.1–0.5 µm, and are faster than predicted by current models. With a mean Vd of 2.0 mm s-1 (daytime: 2.7; night-time 0.8 mm s-1) NH4+ fluxes by AGM are overall in agreement with former measurements and NH4+-N dry deposition amounts to 20% of the dry input of NH3-N over the measurement period. These surface exchange fluxes are analyzed together with simultaneous gas-phase flux measurements for indications of gas-particle interactions. On warm afternoons the apparent fluxes of acids and aerosol above the heathland showed several coinciding anomalies, all of which are consistent with NH4+ evaporation during deposition: (i) canopy resistances for HNO3 and HCl of up to 100 s m-1, (ii) simultaneous particle emission of small particles (Dp 0.18 µm), (iii) NH4+ deposition faster than derived from size-distributions and size-segregated EC particle fluxes. These observations coincide with the observations of (i) surface concentration products of NH3 and HNO3 well below the thermodynamic equilibrium value and (ii) Damkohler numbers that indicate chemical conversion to be sufficiently fast to modify exchange fluxes. The measurements imply a removal rate of volatile NH4+ of 3−30×10-6 s-1 averaged over the 1 km boundary-layer, while NH3 deposition is underestimated by typically 20 ng m-2 s-1 (28%) and flux reversal may occur.
Drosophila Spidey/Kar Regulates Oenocyte Growth via PI3-Kinase Signaling

Cell growth and proliferation depend upon many different aspects of lipid metabolism. One key signaling pathway that is utilized in many different anabolic contexts involves Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its membrane lipid products, the Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphates. It remains unclear, however, which other branches of lipid metabolism interact with the PI3K signaling pathway. Here, we focus on specialized fat metabolizing cells in Drosophila called larval oenocytes. In the presence of dietary nutrients, oenocytes undergo PI3K-dependent cell growth and contain very few lipid droplets. In contrast, during starvation, oenocytes decrease PI3K signaling, shut down cell growth and accumulate abundant lipid droplets. We now show that PI3K in larval oenocytes, but not in fat body cells, functions to suppress lipid droplet accumulation. Several enzymes of fatty acid, triglyceride and hydrocarbon metabolism are required in oenocytes primarily for lipid droplet induction rather than for cell growth. In contrast, a very long chain fatty-acyl-CoA reductase (FarO) and a putative lipid dehydrogenase/reductase (Spidey, also known as Kar) not only promote lipid droplet induction but also inhibit oenocyte growth. In the case of Spidey/Kar, we show that the growth suppression mechanism involves inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway upstream of Akt activity. Together, the findings in this study show how Spidey/Kar and FarO regulate the balance between the cell growth and lipid storage of larval oenocytes.