Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled trial to compare postoperative pain in children undergoing tonsillectomy using cold steel dissection with bipolar haemostasis versus coblation technique

fit of this type of placement for relatively junior trainees as described (ST4). Personal accounts in the literature of these overseas placements tend to focus on the benefits for advanced trainees, where the hospital is also seen to benefit by having a senior registrar on site, who is given ‘a large amount of responsibility’. Care must be taken when organising these placements as different hospitals will vary vastly in the levels of staffing, facilities and the suitability of the environment for training. However, for those wishing to pursue this alternative form of experience, we would direct trainees towards the Reference Guide for Postgraduate Specialty Training in the UK (Gold Guide) which reaffirms the recommendation from the Crisp report that ‘An NHS framework for international development should explicitly recognise the value of overseas experience and.make it easier to gain this experience and training’. Prospective approval is obviously strongly encouraged, but the benefit of the online Integrated Surgical Curriculum Project, to show attainment of curriculum-based competencies, is evident in this situation where progression overseas can be closely monitored from the UK. Although there are advantages and disadvantages to overseas training, we do not feel that this discussion of operative experience should detract from the advanced work on authentic simulators and other devices to augment training. We strongly encourage surgical innovators to continue these developments.
Premarital Cohabitation and the Risk of Marital Disruption among White, Black, and Mexican American Women

We use data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth to investigate racial and ethnic differences in risk factors for marital disruption, with a particular emphasis on premarital cohabitation. Our analysis expands upon the array of risk factors considered in prior investigations of racial and ethnic differences in disruption and is among the first to systematically examine marital disruption among recent cohorts of Mexican American women. We find that the nature and strength of the estimated effects of several risk factors for disruption differ across groups. In particular, premarital cohabitation is positively associated with subsequent marital disruption among Non-Hispanic White women, but not among Non-Hispanic Black or Mexican American women. Little of observed gaps between groups in levels of disruption, however, appear to be attributable to differences in premarital cohabitation. In addition to improving our understanding of marital disruption, this research contributes to a growing literature emphasizing heterogeneity across groups in the meaning and function of cohabitation.
Nutritional risk factors in esophageal cancer.

OBJECTIVE The present case-control study was undertaken with the objective to study the nutritional risk factors associated with esophageal cancer. METHODOLOGY One hundred and fifty diagnosed esophageal cancer patients and an equal number of healthy individuals constituted the patient and control groups, respectively. Dietary consumption pattern during the preceding 20 years prior to the diagnosis of esophageal cancer was assessed utilising the standard food frequency questionnaire method. Information on alcohol consumption, smoking habits, chewing of betel leaf with tobacco was also collected. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of esophageal cancer was 7.81 times (p < 0.01) higher with daily consumption of alcohol. The risk increased to 3.16 times (p < 0.01) with the daily habit of chewing of betel leaf with tobacco. Nearly a two fold risk was observed when the consumption of "other vegetables" was less than four times per week. A 1.95 times (p < 0.01) increase in risk was observed with the daily habit of bidi smoking. CONCLUSION Cancers in general are multifactorial in origin, and several environmental interactions are possible. It is not easy to quantify the contribution of diet to cancer risk. However, the results of the present study suggested that nutritional factors do play a role.
The Role of Character Strengths for Task Performance, Job Dedication, Interpersonal Facilitation, and Organizational Support

It was hypothesized that character strengths relate to job performance. Both constructs were investigated with respect to their currently known dimensions (i.e., 24 character strengths; job performance: task performance, job dedication, interpersonal facilitation, organizational support) to get a comprehensive overview of their co-occurrence. Two samples, 318 and 108 employees, respectively, filled in measures assessing character strengths as traits and their usefulness at work, and the job performance dimensions. For Sample 2, also supervisors judged the employees’ job performance. Based on this set of two samples we show replicable associations between character strengths and job performance (self-reports and supervisory ratings). Furthermore, the number of individual strengths beneficial at work was related to job performance. These promising findings open a new field for research on human performance.
The Fabric of Teacher Candidate Dispositions: What Case Studies Reveal about Teacher Thinking

Abstract Although case-based methods are not new to teacher education, research that explores how cases develop teacher candidate dispositions is uncharted. This study used three disposition domains—intellectual, cultural, moral—as a heuristic to examine how 30 teacher candidates were inclined to think through a teaching situation presented in a case study. Three candidates are presented who exemplified patterns for calling on the domains. Teacher candidates readily identified aspects of difference between the teacher in the case and her students and thus suggested strategies to facilitate instruction and develop the teacher-student relationship. Few recognized assumptions related to their worldviews and values. For these candidates, an inverse relationship existed between awareness and assumptions. Furthermore, the match or mismatch between the background of the candidate and that of the teacher or students in the case seemed to influence the candidate's awareness and thus provide avenues for future research.
I tag, you tag: translating tags for advanced user models

Collaborative tagging services (folksonomies) have been among the stars of the Web 2.0 era. They allow their users to label diverse resources with freely chosen keywords (tags). Our studies of two real-world folksonomies unveil that individual users develop highly personalized vocabularies of tags. While these meet individual needs and preferences, the considerable differences between personal tag vocabularies (personomies) impede services such as social search or customized tag recommendation. In this paper, we introduce a novel user-centric tag model that allows us to derive mappings between personal tag vocabularies and the corresponding folksonomies. Using these mappings, we can infer the meaning of user-assigned tags and can predict choices of tags a user may want to assign to new items. Furthermore, our translational approach helps in reducing common problems related to tag ambiguity, synonymous tags, or multilingualism. We evaluate the applicability of our method in tag recommendation and tag-based social search. Extensive experiments show that our translational model improves the prediction accuracy in both scenarios.
Selenium- or Vitamin E–Related Gene Variants, Interaction with Supplementation, and Risk of High-Grade Prostate Cancer in SELECT

Background: Epidemiologic studies and secondary analyses of randomized trials supported the hypothesis that selenium and vitamin E lower prostate cancer risk. However, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) showed no benefit of either supplement. Genetic variants involved in selenium or vitamin E metabolism or transport may underlie the complex associations of selenium and vitamin E. Methods: We undertook a case–cohort study of SELECT participants randomized to placebo, selenium, or vitamin E. The subcohort included 1,434 men; our primary outcome was high-grade prostate cancer (N = 278 cases, Gleason 7 or higher cancer). We used weighted Cox regression to examine the association between SNPs and high-grade prostate cancer risk. To assess effect modification, we created interaction terms between randomization arm and genotype and calculated log likelihood statistics. Results: We noted statistically significant (P < 0.05) interactions between selenium assignment, SNPs in CAT, SOD2, PRDX6, SOD3, and TXNRD2, and high-grade prostate cancer risk. Statistically significant SNPs that modified the association of vitamin E assignment and high-grade prostate cancer included SEC14L2, SOD1, and TTPA. In the placebo arm, several SNPs, hypothesized to interact with supplement assignment and risk of high-grade prostate cancer, were also directly associated with outcome. Conclusion: Variants in selenium and vitamin E metabolism/transport genes may influence risk of overall and high-grade prostate cancer, and may modify an individual man's response to vitamin E or selenium supplementation with regards to these risks. Impact: The effect of selenium or vitamin E supplementation on high-grade prostate cancer risk may vary by genotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(7); 1050–8. ©2016 AACR.
Effect of Chaerophyllum macropodum extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a protozoan parasite causing trichomoniasis or trichomonal vaginitis. The infection is considered as non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD). Metronidazole and Tinidazole are now the drugs of choice for the treatment of this infection. However, resistant to these drugs has also been reported. So it is necessary to search for effective alternative drugs with fewer side effects. Chaerophyllum macropodum (C. macropodum) plant have been used against some parasites. Therefore, in this study the effects of different extracts of this plant on T. vaginalis in culture media have been investigated. Methods: In this experimental study hydro-ethanol extracts of C. macropodum leaves were prepared. Anti-T. vaginalis activities of the extracts were tested in concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 150 mg/ml following 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation of cultured media. Results: All extract concentrations showed some degrees of growth inhibition activity on T. vaginalis. However crude extract was more efficient. Conclusion: C. macropodum showed an anti-T. vaginalis activity. More investigations are recommended to use this plant as an antiparasitic drug.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Spent Lubricating Oil Contaminated Soil Using Poultry Litter

Enhanced biodegradation of spent lubricating oil contaminated soil using (40% w/w) poultry litter was studied for a period of 56 days. The bacterial count ranged from 1.7×106 cfu/ml – 4.0×106 cfu/ml for oil free soil (OFS), 1.7×106–9.0×105 for oil polluted soil (OPS) and 1.7×105 – 1.0×106 for Poultry Amended oil polluted soil (PAOPS) while the fungal count ranged from 1.2 x105cfu/ml to 5.0 x 105cfu/ml OFS, 4.0x10 -5.0 x105 for OPS and 1.2x105 5.0x 105 for PAOPS. The result revealed higher bacterial counts in poultry litter amended soil (PAOPS) compared to oil polluted soil (OPS) and oil free soil (OFS). The fungi counts were low in all treatments (OFS, OPS and PAOPS) . Ten organisms were isolated in the course of this study. The bacteria were Bacillus spp, Micrococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp and Staphylococcus spp while the fungi include yeasts, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor Spp, Penicillium spp. PAOPS had higher nitrate and phosphorus content compared to OFS and OPS. This result indicates that poultry litter could be used as biostimulating agent to enhance the biodegradation of spent lubricating oil contaminated soil.
Cultivating the Improvisational in Psychoanalytic Treatment

This article juxtaposes two orientations to psychoanalytic theory and clinical action—the prescriptive, embodied in the metaphor of classical theater, and the improvisational, embodied in the metaphor of improvisational theater. The metaphor of classical theater is analogous to how the theoretical predilections of each school of psychoanalysis has its own set of prescriptions (“sets,” “roles,” and “scripts”) for how an analyst influences mutative moments of change with a patient. In contrast, the metaphor of improvisational theater refers to actions that arise on the spur of the moment, without preparation. These improvisational moments ineluctably communicate to the patient a special instance of authenticity, which may well be antidotal to the crushing reality of the patient's life of pervasive inauthenticity. They also enable analysts to more readily engage disparate, often dissociatively disconnected parts of the patient through imaginative intersubjective engagement with each. This may take the form o.
Service-Learning in Parenting Education

Abstract The field of family studies is particularly suited to service-learning, but one area that has not received much attention in this regard is that of parenting education. This article highlights a series of parenting education workshops that were incorporated into a parent-child relationships course, utilizing a developmental assets framework. Student reflections and parent evaluations are used to consider the extent to which the service-learning activity enabled students to apply course content to real-world experiences, view themselves as emerging professionals, and have a positive impact on the community. Implications for continuing or replicating similar service learning experiences are included.
Severe hypertension in pregnancy: hydralazine or labetalol. A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous labetalol and intravenous hydralazine for acutely lowering blood pressure in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Two hundred women with severe hypertension in pregnancy were randomized to receive hydralazine (5 mg as a slow bolus dose given intravenously, and repeated every 20 min up to a maximum of five doses) or labetalol (20-mg intravenous bolus dose followed by 40 mg if not effective within 20 min, followed by 80 mg every 20 min up to a maximum dose of 300 mg). The primary end point was successful lowering of blood pressure and maternal hypotension. RESULTS Women were similar with respect to characteristics at randomization. No significant differences were observed for maternal hypotension or persistent severe hypertension; only two patients in the hydralazine group presented with hypotension. Palpitations (p=0.01) and maternal tachycardia (p=0.05) occurred significantly more often in patients treated with hydralazine. The main neonatal outcomes were very similar per group; however, hypotension and bradycardia were significantly more frequent in the labetalol group. There were two neonatal deaths per antihypertensive drug group. CONCLUSIONS This randomized clinical trial shows that labetalol and hydralazine fulfill the criteria required for an antihypertensive drug to treat severe hypertension in pregnancy.
Christian social workers and their sense of effectiveness in social work practice : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work, School of Health and Social Services, Massey University, Albany Campus

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ii CONTENTS . iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 Definition of Terms.1 Spirituality, Religion and Christianity . 1 Background to the Research Project.2 What Constitutes Effective Practice.3 Research Rationale . 5 Professional and Personal Reasons for Research . 5 Overview of Chapters.6 Conclusion.7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 9 Christianity’s Place in Social Work . 9 Use of Self . 12 Religion, Spirituality and Faith . 14 Transpersonal Theories . 16 Spiritual Assessment . 19 Effective Practice.21 Conclusion.26 CHAPTER 3: THE RESEARCH PROCESS . 28 Applying Literature to Research.28 Research Strategy . 30 Choosing a Qualitative Approach . 31 Personal Bias . 31
Trait Anxiety Impacts the Perceived Gaze Direction of Fearful But Not Angry Faces

Facial expression and gaze direction play an important role in social communication. Previous research has demonstrated the perception of anger is enhanced by direct gaze, whereas, it is unclear whether perception of fear is enhanced by averted gaze. In addition, previous research has shown the anxiety affects the processing of facial expression and gaze direction, but hasn’t measured or controlled for depression. As a result, firm conclusions cannot be made regarding the impact of individual differences in anxiety and depression on perceptions of face expressions and gaze direction. The current study attempted to reexamine the effect of the anxiety level on the processing of facial expressions and gaze direction by matching participants on depression scores. A reliable psychophysical index of the range of eye gaze angles judged as being directed at oneself [the cone of direct gaze (CoDG)] was used as the dependent variable in this study. Participants were stratified into high/low trait anxiety groups and asked to judge the gaze of angry, fearful, and neutral faces across a range of gaze directions. The result showed: (1) the perception of gaze direction was influenced by facial expression and this was modulated by trait anxiety. For the high trait anxiety group, the CoDG for angry expressions was wider than for fearful and neutral expressions, and no significant difference emerged between fearful and neutral expressions; For the low trait anxiety group, the CoDG for both angry and fearful expressions was wider than for neutral, and no significant difference emerged between angry and fearful expressions. (2) Trait anxiety modulated the perception of gaze direction only in the fearful condition, such that the fearful CoDG for the high trait anxiety group was narrower than the low trait anxiety group. This demonstrated that anxiety distinctly affected gaze perception in expressions that convey threat (angry, fearful), such that a high trait anxiety level modulated the impact of indirectly threatening expressions (fearful), and did not influence responses to directly threatening expression (angry). These findings partially support the shared signal hypothesis.
Energy-efficient power allocation in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems: A risk-return model

Efficient and reliable subcarrier power allocation in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based cognitive radio networks is a challenging problem. Traditional waterfilling approach is inefficient for such networks due to the strict requirements on the interference generated to the primary users (PUs). In this paper, we present a solution to an energy-efficient resource allocation problem which maximizes the cognitive radio (i.e., secondary) link capacity taking into account the availability of the subcarriers (and hence the reliability of transmission by cognitive radios) and the limits on total interference generated to the PUs. We consider an energy-aware capacity expression by taking into account another factor called subcarrier availability. Optimizing such an expression saves valuable resources such as battery life by selectively allocating power to underutilized subcarriers. Based on a risk-return model, we formulate a convex optimization problem which incorporates a linear average rate loss function in the optimization objective to include the effect of subcarrier availability. Due to the complex structure of the optimal solution, we propose three suboptimal schemes, namely, the step-ladder, nulling, and scaling schemes. We compare the performances of optimal and suboptimal algorithms with the performance of a classical waterfilling scheme. We conclude that waterfilling, unable to satisfy the interference criterion, performs the worst amongst all the schemes considered in this paper.
New double quantum coherence filter for localized detection of glutathione in vivo

In this work, a new double quantum filter for glutathione (GSH) editing is introduced, combined with the point‐resolved spectroscopy localization sequence (PRESS), and demonstrated in vivo. Compared to the conventional double quantum coherence filter, the new filter has two major advantages. First, it eliminates the need for calibration scans for optimizing the signal yield, making it more efficient and convenient for routine use. Second, it removes the influence of water saturation pulses on the GSH yield, further improving its accuracy. With this method, GSH concentrations in the left and right parietal lobes of five healthy volunteers were determined to be 0.91 ± 0.16 mM and 0.89 ± 0.16 mM, respectively, in agreement with previous studies. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiradical, Chelating and Antioxidant Activities of Hydroxamic Acids and Hydroxyureas

Reactive oxygen species, along with reactive nitrogen species, may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progress of many diseases, including cancer, diabetes and sickle cell disease. It has been postulated that hydroxyurea, one of the main treatments in sickle cell disease, achieves its activity partly also through its antioxidant properties. A series of hydroxyurea derivatives of L- and D-amino acid amides and cycloalkyl-N-aryl-hydroxamic acids was synthesized and investigated for their radical scavenging activity, chelating properties and antioxidant activity. All the compounds showed exceptional antiradical activities. For example, free radical scavenging activities of investigated hydroxyureas were higher than the activity of standard antioxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Moreover, most of the investigated hydroxamic acids were stronger Fe2+ ion chelators than quercetin. In addition, the investigated compounds, especially hydroxamic acids, were proven to be excellent antioxidants. They were as effective as BHA in inhibiting β-carotene-linoleic acid coupled oxidation. It is reasonable to assume that the antioxidant activity of the investigated compounds could contribute to their previously proven biological properties as cytostatic and antiviral agents.
Residual biomass potential of commercial and pre-commercial sugarcane cultivars

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an efficient and sustainable alternative for energy generation compared to non-renewable sources. Currently, during the mechanized harvest process, the straw left in the field can be used in part for the second generation ethanol and increasing the electric energy production. Thus, this study aimed to provide information on the potential for residual biomass cultivars of sugarcane cropping system. This study provides the following information: yield of straw, depending on the calculated leaf area index and the number of tillers per linear meter; primary energy production of several sugarcane genotypes; contribution of dry tops and leaves; biomass yield; and evaluation of fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Preliminary results obtained by researchers of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and reCviews related studies are presented. The results suggest that the production of sugarcane straw content varies according to the cultivars; the greater mass of sugarcane straw is in the top leaves and that the potential for the crude energy production of sugarcane per area unit can be increased using fiber-rich species or species that produce more straw. The straw indexes was shown to be a good indicator and allow the estimation of straw volumes generated in a sugarcane crop. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition in sugarcane is distinct among varieties. Therefore, it is possible to develop distinct biomass materials for energy production and for the development of sugarcane mills using biochemical processes and thermal routes.