Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The helix-hairpin-helix DNA-binding motif: a structural basis for non- sequence-specific recognition of DNA

One, two or four copies of the 'helix-hairpin-helix' (HhH) DNA-binding motif are predicted to occur in 14 homologous families of proteins. The predicted DNA-binding function of this motif is shown to be consistent with the crystallographic structure of rat polymerase beta, complexed with DNA template-primer [Pelletier, H. , Sawaya, M.R. , Kumar, A. , Wilson, S.H. and Kraut, J. (1994) Science 264, 1891-1903] and with biochemical data. Five crystal structures of predicted HhH motifs are currently known: two from rat pol beta and one each in endonuclease III, AlkA and the 5' nuclease domain of Taq pol I. These motifs are more structurally similar to each other than to any other structure in current databases, including helix-turn-helix motifs. The clustering of the five HhH structures separately from other bi-helical structures in searches indicates that all members of the 14 families of proteins described herein possess similar HhH structures. By analogy with the rat pol beta structure, it is suggested that each of these HhH motifs bind DNA in a non-sequence-specific manner, via the formation of hydrogen bonds between protein backbone nitrogens and DNA phosphate groups. This type of interaction contrasts with the sequence-specific interactions of other motifs, including helix-turn-helix structures. Additional evidence is provided that alphaherpesvirus virion host shutoff proteins are members of the polymerase I 5'-nuclease and FEN1-like endonuclease gene family, and that a novel HhH-containing DNA-binding domain occurs in the kinesin-like molecule nod, and in other proteins such as cnjB, emb-5 and SPT6.
The Role of Peripheral Feedback in Emotional Experience With Music

Given evidence from other domains that peripheral feedback can influence emotional experience, two experiments are reported that investigate the role of physiological arousal in determining the intensity and valence of emotion experienced when listening to music. In the first experiment, two groups of participants, with different levels of induced physiological arousal, rated four excerpts of music on 10 emotion scales in terms of the emotion they felt while listening to the music and the emotion they thought the music was intended to express. Participants who had exercised immediately before making the emotion judgments reported more intense experiences of emotion felt while listening to the music than did participants who had relaxed. Arousal manipulation had no effect on ratings of the emotion thought to be expressed by the music. These results suggest that arousal influences the intensity of emotion experienced with music and therefore that people use their body state as information about the emotion felt while listening to music. A second experiment investigated this effect in more detail. Independent groups were used to test three different types of induced arousal, with separate groups for ratings of emotion felt and emotion expressed by the music. Participants who had exercised reported intensified experience of positive emotions, in response to pieces that were positive in valence, than did a control group. The article concludes that body state can influence emotional experience with music and presents this as evidence for the role of personal and situational factors in the emotional experience of music.
THE ANATOMIC SEAT OF THE EMOTIONS: A DISCUSSION OF THE JAMES-LAN GE THEORY

It is now thirty years since Prof. William James and Professor Lange independently stated their theory of the mechanism of the emotions. This theory has never been satisfactorily proved or convincingly refuted. JAMES-LANGE THEORY OF EMOTION The theory, as stated by James is, briefly, that the mental state experienced in emotions of fright, anger, joy, etc., is due to different sensory impulses sent up from the muscles, viscera, blood vessels and the periphery in general. It is the palpitations, tremors, abdominal qualms and other peripheral disturbances which cause the emotion. "One is afraid because he runs; he doesn't run because he is afraid. " "One is pleasant because he looks pleasant. " These are rather exaggerated illustrations. Attempts have been made to strengthen this phase of the theory by obtaining the opinions of great actors as to their real emotional state when they were expressing emotion. The inquiry did not help
Centrifugal visual system of Crocodylus niloticus: A hodological, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study

The retinopetal neurons of Crocodylus niloticus were visualized by retrograde transport of rhodamine beta‐isothiocyanate or Fast Blue administered by intraocular injection. Approximately 6,000 in number, these neurons are distributed in seven regions extending from the mesencephalic tegmentum to the rostral rhombencephalon, approximately 70% being located contralaterally to the injected eye. None of the centrifugal neurons projects to both retinae. The retinopetal neurons are located in rostrocaudal sequence in seven regions: the formatio reticularis lateralis mesencephali, the substantia nigra, the griseum centralis tectalis, the nucleus subcoeruleus dorsalis, the nucleus isthmi parvocellularis, the locus coeruleus, and the commissura nervi trochlearis. The greatest number of cells (approximately 93%) is found in the nucleus subcoeruleus dorsalis. The majority are multipolar or bipolar in shape and resemble the ectopic centrifugal visual neurons of birds, although a small number of monopolar neurons resembling those of the avian isthmo‐optic nucleus may also be observed. A few retinopetal neurons in the griseum centralis tectalis were tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive. Moreover, in the nuclei subcoeruleus dorsalis and isthmi parvocellularis, both ipsilaterally and contralaterally, approximately one retinopetal neuron in three (35%) was immunoreactive to nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and a slightly higher proportion (38%) of retinopetal neurons were immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Some of them contained colocalized ChAT and NOS/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate–diaphorase. Fibers immunoreactive to TH, serotonin (5‐HT), neuropeptide Y (NPY), or Phe‐Met‐Arg‐Phe‐amide (FMRF‐amide) were frequently observed to make intimate contact with rhodamine‐labeled retinopetal neurons. These findings are discussed in relation to previous results obtained in other reptilian species and in birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:65–85, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Support Vector Machines and Kernel Methods: The New Generation of Learning Machines

Kernel methods, a new generation of learning algorithms, utilize techniques from optimization, statistics, and functional analysis to achieve maximal generality, flexibility, and performance. These algorithms are different from earlier techniques used in machine learning in many respects: For example, they are explicitly based on a theoretical model of learning rather than on loose analogies with natural learning systems or other heuristics. They come with theoretical guarantees about their performance and have a modular design that makes it possible to separately implement and analyze their components. They are not affected by the problem of local minima because their training amounts to convex optimization. In the last decade, a sizable community of theoreticians and practitioners has formed around these methods, and a number of practical applications have been realized. Although the research is not concluded, already now kernel methods are considered the state of the art in several machine learning tasks. Their ease of use, theoretical appeal, and remarkable performance have made them the system of choice for many learning problems. Successful applications range from text categorization to handwriting recognition to classification of gene-expression data.
Melatonin reduces inflammatory response in peripheral T helper lymphocytes from relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which the immune system plays a central role. In particular, effector populations such as T helper (Th) 1, Th9, Th17, and Th22 cells are involved in disease development, whereas T regulatory cells (Tregs) are associated with the resolution of the disease. Melatonin levels are impaired in patients with MS, and exogenous melatonin ameliorates the disease in MS animal models by modulating the Th1/Th17/Treg responses and also improves quality of life and several symptoms in patients with MS. However, no study has examined melatonin's effect on T cells from relapsing‐remitting MS (RR‐MS) patients. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of the in vitro administration of melatonin to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 64 RR‐MS patients and 64 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects on Th1, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Treg responses and to analyze the expression of the melatonin effector/receptor system in these cells. Melatonin decreased Th1 and Th22 responses in patients, whereas it did not affect the Th17 and Treg subsets. Melatonin also promoted skewing toward a more protective cytokine microenvironment, as shown by an increased anti‐inflammatory/Th1 ratio. Furthermore, for the first time, we describe the overexpression of the melatonin effector/receptor system in PBMCs from patients with MS; this alteration might be relevant to the disease because acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase expression significantly correlates with disease progression and T effector/regulatory responses in patients. Therefore, our data suggest that melatonin may be an effective treatment for MS.
Body Image Discrepancy and Negative Affect in Women's Everyday Lives: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Evaluation of Self-Discrepancy Theory

Discrepancies in self-image occur when individuals hold conflicting beliefs about personal characteristics and those one would ideally like to have (actual:ideal [A:I] discrepancy) or believes one should possess (actual:ought [A:O] discrepancy). Self-discrepancy Theory (SDT; Higgins, 1987) predicts A:I and A:O discrepancies are uniquely associated with depressed and anxious affect, respectively. This study provided the first empirical test of these relationships within individuals in daily life. Body image discrepancy and depressed and anxious affect were assessed in college women (n = 63) using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Women were signaled by, and completed assessments on, a palmtop computer five times daily for one week. The predictions of SDT were supported; momentary A:I and A:O discrepancies differentially predicted concurrent depressed and anxious affect in women's everyday lives. These findings are the first to evaluate the predictions of SDT as within-person processes using a real-time asse.
Stress among construction site managers — A preliminary study

This article presents the results of a pilot study investigating stress among site managers in a large UK construction organization. It involved in-depth interviews and standardized psychosocial questionnaires. A total of 36 male middle and senior construction site managers took part in the study. The major sources of stress isolated by the managers were related to; communication problems; work overload; conflict; and the limited time spent with family. The results revealed that job satisfaction levels were not as high as comparable managerial groups, and most dissatisfaction was related to employee relations issues. Mental well-being was lower than for other population groups. Furthermore, low levels of social support from a spouse or partner were significantly associated with high anxiety, depression and reduced level of mental well-being. Comparisons with white-collar managers are made and the article also proposes recommendations based on the findings of this study.
Towards an Efficient Simulation of Multi-Language Descriptions of Heterogeneous Systems

Heterogeneous systems design requires executing models using different simulators. Usually, simulators are connected and synchronized together by using mechanisms such as shared memory or TCP/IP. Current approaches have many drawbacks: they are not adapted to distributed environments, the simulation performance may be very disappointing, and each simulator has its own paradigm. We propose a new approach to simulate models described with different languages such as SystemC or ESyS.NET on a distributed environment. All the models are translated into a unique internal format in order to be able to optimize a distributed and multi-paradigm simulation of the models. Optimizations include different mechanisms such as regrouping of threads in a single one while respecting the semantics of the models or the splitting of a model in order to execute it on several computer resources
When 'Sir' and 'Madam are not: Address terms and reference terms students use for faculty in a Ghanaian university

Address terms and reference terms are common but key naming behaviours that are enacted in various social interactions. Thus, unsurprisingly, they have received much attention in sociolinguistic research since the 1960s. The use of these two communicative acts in the academic setting, however, seems under-researched. This study, therefore, investigated address terms and reference terms students used for faculty in a public university in Ghana, utilizing Scott’s (1990) sociological theory on resistance to domination. An ethnographic as well as a triangulated approach, comprising participant and non-participant observations, semi-structured interview, and introspection, was used in the study. Analysis of the data revealed three major findings. First, students used three principal forms of address, namely titles, kinship terms, and nicknames for faculty. Second, students used titles, personal names, and nicknames as the major reference terms for faculty. Finally, address terms and reference terms functioned as symbols of domination and resistance to domination as well as markers of identities which were co-constructed by students. The study has implications for theory, intercultural communication, and further research.
Tervonen The Efficacy of Supportive Peri-Implant Therapies in Preventing Peri-Implantitis and Implant Loss : a Systematic Review of the Literature

Objectives: To study the efficacy of supportive peri-implant therapies in preventing clinical and radiological signs of periimplantitis and implant loss. Material and Methods: Longitudinal human studies, published between January 1, 2006, and February 1, 2016, were included based on an electronic search using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and complemented by a manual search. Articles were included only if 1) they comprised a group of patients involved in/adhering to regular supportive peri-implant therapies (SPTs) and a control group without such therapies or with poor adherence to them, 2) the protocol of the SPTs was clearly described and 3) the outcome was indicated by means of clinical/radiological changes or implant loss. Results: After initially identifying a total of 710 titles and abstracts, 12 full text articles were selected for eligibility assessment. Seven studies, three prospective and four retrospective, fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review. The frequency of recall visits varied between the studies from a minimum of one visit every three months to an individually tailored regimen. In all the studies a lack of SPTs or poor adherence to them resulted in significantly higher frequencies of sites with mucosal bleeding, deepened peri-implant pockets or alveolar bone loss. In line with the above, a lack of/poor adherence to SPTs was associated with higher implant loss. Conclusions: To prevent peri-implantitis, an individually tailored supportive programme based on patient motivation and reinstruction in oral hygiene measures combined with professional implant cleaning seem to be crucial.
Engaging Students in Integrated Ethics Education: A Communication in the Disciplines Study of Pedagogy and Students' Roles in Society

In this quasi-experimental study, we investigated two elements of ethics education: (1) how participating in ethics education influenced science and engineering graduate students' views of their roles in society, and (2) what students found most valuable and relevant. Participants were 98 graduate science and engineering students. Qualitative analysis indicated that the most prevalent responses reflected a desire to benefit society. Duty-based responses were more prevalent in pretest than in posttest responses. Participants in experimental conditions indicated more complicated notions of their societal roles than control participants. Participants emphasized the value of class discussions for increasing their awareness of issues, alternative views, and their own positions. Results are interpreted using the engaged communication in the disciplines framework with practical implications for educators.
Cigarette advertising and female smoking prevalence in Spain, 1982–1997

Compared with northern Europe and the U.S., the widespread initiation of cigarette smoking began 20–40 years later among young women in Spain because of strong cultural prohibitions against female smoking. In this study, the authors examined the correlation between the rapid increase in female smoking prevalence and tobacco industry cigarette marketing practices in Spain during a period of rapid social liberalization.
Social values and social conflict in creative problem solving and categorization.

Participants were led to expect either cooperation or conflict, and then performed K. Duncker's (1945) functional-fixedness task (Experiment 1) or E. Rosch's (1975) categorization task (Experiment 2). Those who expected cooperation, compared with those who expected conflict, were more likely to solve Duncker's task and used categories more inclusively, that is, rated low-prototypic exemplars of a category as better members of the category. In Experiment 3, the direct experience of cooperation and conflict had the same effect on categorization. In Experiment 4, participants were classified as having cooperative, competitive, or individualistic social values, and were led to expect either cooperation, conflict, or neither in a control. In the control, cooperators used categories more inclusively than competitors or individualists. Competitors used categories least inclusively in the conflict condition; in the cooperation condition, they used categories most inclusively. These results are interpreted in terms of the possible mediating role of cognitive organization in individual and intergroup conflict resolution.
Investigating the quality of mental models deployed by undergraduate engineering students in creating explanations: The case of thermally activated phenomena

This paper describes a method aimed at pointing out the quality of the mental models undergraduate engineering students deploy when asked to create explanations for phenomena or processes and/or use a given model in the same context. Student responses to a specially designed written questionnaire are quantitatively analyzed using researcher-generated categories of reasoning, based on the physics education research literature on student understanding of the relevant physics content. The use of statistical implicative analysis tools allows us to successfully identify clusters of students with respect to the similarity to the reasoning categories, defined as ``practical or everyday,'' ``descriptive,'' or ``explicative. '' Through the use of similarity and implication indexes our method also enables us to study the consistency in students' deployment of mental models. A qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with students after they had completed the questionnaire is used to clarify some aspects which emerged from the quantitative analysis and validate the results obtained. Some implications of this joint use of quantitative and qualitative analysis for the design of a learning environment focused on the understanding of some aspects of the world at the level of causation and mechanisms of functioning are discussed.
Blocker and image reject low-IF frontend

In this paper we present a design of a low-IF receiver frontend using a selective N-path filter which serves blocker rejection, image rejection, and downconversion. The filter makes use of quadrature impedance upconversion technique using multiphase clocking and can be programmed by baseband capacitance and gm-cell transconductance values to meet the low-IF criterion in various cases. Presented is both a mathematical model of the filter and circuit simulation results including parasitic effects. Image rejection of 14 dB at IF that is provided by the filter mitigates the demands for the ultimate image rejection by the IQ mode. The blocker rejection at IF is larger than 50 dB. Designed in in 65 nm CMOS the low-IF receiver frontend with a modified N-path filter in simulations achieves NF <; 6 dB and OOB IIP3 > +8 dBm in 0.5-1 GHz band.
Detection and characterization of the coli surface antigen 6 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains by using monoclonal antibodies

We describe, for the first time, the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against coli surface antigen 6 (CS6) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and their use for characterization and diagnosis of CS6. Two MAbs, MAbs CS6-20:11:9 and CS6-2A:14, were produced by immunizing mice with purified CS6 or CS6-containing bacterial extracts. The MAb specificity was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and immunoelectron microscopy, which showed that the MAbs bound to CS6-expressing bacteria as well as to purified CS6 and CS6 structural subunits but not to CS6-negative bacteria or other purified ETEC colonization factors. By using bacterial recombinants, i.e., strains with a complete CS6 operon or parts thereof, it was found that both MAbs were specific for CssB, one of the two structural subunits of CS6. Although the MAbs bound specifically to the entire surface of CS6-expressing bacteria, no structure of CS6 could be identified. The usefulness of the MAbs for the detection of CS6 was evaluated in an inhibition ELISA and in a dot blot test. Ninety-two ETEC strains with known colonization factors were analyzed, and all CS6-positive strains were identified by either assay with MAb CS6-2A:14, whereas MAb CS6-20:11:9 failed to identify two CS6-positive strains; in no instance was any CS6-negative strain identified by either of the MAbs. Parallel analyses of 48 strains with a gene probe specific for the other structural subunit of CS6, i.e., CssA, and the MAb-based assays gave identical results, suggesting the simultaneous presence of both subunits.
Parents' Decisions About Bilingual Program Models

Abstract After Proposition 227 took effect in California, one city on the border of Mexico still had 48% of its parents choosing bilingual education for their children in kindergarten and first grade. Survey results provide some insight into some of the reasons parents selected one of three programmatic options (bilingual, structured English immersion, and English-only classroom settings) for their children. It also provides information regarding the background of the parents as well as their perception of how well their children are achieving in each type of classroom.