Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Relative Affine Structure Using the Motion Flow Field of a Rigid Planar Patch

Recently there has been much interest in 3D reconstruction from uncalibrated views. Relative AAne Structure has been proposed 1] as an alternative framework to projective reconstruction. Proposed algorithms in 1, 2] were based on an oo-line feature corresponding process. This paper extends the relative aane structure from motion to a `correspondenceless' 1 framework. A `projected planar patch ow eld (ppow)''3], deened by the image motion of a rigid planar patch, is used to estimate the eight pure parameters 4] that describe the 2D projective transformation between the current and reference frame. Thèppow registration' 3] brings into very precise alignment any two pictures of the same plane, even if taken by diierent cameras with diierent calibration. However, registration will fail for objects in the scene that are not on the particular chosen plane. By exploiting this registration failure, we may determine the relative aane structure of the scene. Applying`ppow registration' to an image sequence, one will observe that in the registered sequence objects on the plane of interest are not moving, while those that are not on the plane will move with a velocity proportional to their distance from the plane and inversely proportional to their depth in the camera coordinates. The optical ow between the registered images is an epipolar eld and yields to the recovery of epipolar geometry and relative aane structure. Results on a sequence of real images helps the understanding of the process and shows that this approach is quite promising.
The effects of implementing project based learning in the middle school science classroom

The purpose of this investigation was to find out if using project based learning in the middle school classroom is an effective method for teaching key concepts in science while engaging students in the practices of science. Traditional science teaching often seems removed from the work that “real” scientists do. By participating in project based learning, students had the opportunity to do the work of a scientist and then apply their learning to a real world problem. During a unit of study on evolution where the focus question was “Do humans affect the evolution of organisms? ” students were presented with a scenario asking them to determine the impact humans are having on the natural environment. To accomplish this task, students learned how to do field studies focusing on biodiversity. Using birds as a focus, they took data on campus and at a nearby public park. Using their data, students evaluated the frequency of native birds species on campus and compared this to the frequency of bird species at a local park. Using their understanding of evolutionary concepts, students hypothesized about the reasons for the results of their data. Based on their conclusions, students made recommendations about how an open space on campus should be modified in order to better support the native bird population. The results of this study showed that project based learning is effective for teaching complex science concepts and promoting the learning and use of scientific practices.
User Classification with Multiple Textual Perspectives

Textual information is of critical importance for automatic user classification in social media. However, most previous studies model textual features in a single perspective while the text in a user homepage typically possesses different styles of text, such as original message and comment from others. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, namely ensemble LSTM, to user classification by incorporating multiple textual perspectives. Specifically, our approach first learns a LSTM representation with a LSTM recurrent neural network and then presents a joint learning method to integrating all naturally-divided textual perspectives. Empirical studies on two basic user classification tasks, i.e., gender classification and age classification, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to user classification with multiple textual perspectives.
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF TWO SPECIES OF TRICHOGASTER (COLISA) FROM BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN OF ASSAM

Length-weight relationship (LWR) of Trichogaster species belongs to the Belontidae family inhabiting Brahmaputra basin, were studied. The fishes Trichogaster fasciata and T. sota were obtained from fish landing site at different floodplain beels of Brahmaputra basin during 2010 to 2011. The parameters ‘a’ and ‘b’ of the length-weight relationship of the form W = aLb and condition factor (K) = W1000/L 3 are presented for the two fish species. The results reveals that the value of regression coefficient ‘b’ of Trichogaster fasciata, tends to be higher during pre-monsoon and lower during winter while in T. sota, it tends to be higher during winter and lower during post monsoon seasons. The exponential index ‘b’ for female ( 2.040) was found to be lower than that of male (2.424) in Trichogaster species while male (1.042) was lower than female (1.232) in T. sota. The ‘K’ value was found between 16.87 and 22.19 for T. fasciata, while it was between 19.71 and 33.59 for T. sota. This indicates an allometric relationship in the growth and healthy condition for both the species.
Problematizing Boundaries of Care Responsibility in Caring Relationships

Introduction Nursing care takes place within nurse–patient relationships that can be demanding. In exceptional circumstances, the relationship may be destructive, and when this happens, significant onerous demands, appeals, or challenges can arise from patients and be placed upon nurses. Aim The aim is to explore what can be termed boundaries of care responsibility when relationships with patients place significant destructive demands on nurses. Method Based on a hermeneutical approach, this study introduces aspects of phenomenological philosophy as described by the Danish theologian and philosopher Knud E. Løgstrup and provides examples of nurses’ experiences in everyday nursing practice drawn from a Norwegian empirical study focusing on remaining in everyday nursing practice. Data in that original study consisted of qualitative interviews and qualitative follow-up interviews with 13 nurses working in somatic and psychiatric health service. Discussion The exploration of empirical examples demonstrates that nurses consider confronting demands from patients which manifest themselves as onerous and that they have to set limits to safeguard themselves. When the nurses had to manage acting out or actions from patients by opposing what was said and done, they experienced the situation as more than very unpleasant or connected to a perversion. Significant destructive caring relationships cannot be without boundaries, and explicating boundaries are of relevance to protect nurses from onerous demands. Protecting them implies reducing a hazard, that is, that nurses carry on even when this may be unhealthy for them. Conclusion Consistently pinpointing boundaries between demands is assumed to be essential in caring relationships, as onerous or destructive demands are strongly connected to a content where boundlessness is involved. To protect both nurses and patients as valued human beings, thus raising and preserving the status of the nurse and the patient, the nature and possible detrimental effects of destructive caring relationships should be considered and examined.
Customer perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: The role of switching costs

It is a marketplace reality that marketing managers sometimes inflict switching costs on their customers, to inhibit them from defecting to new suppliers. In a competitive setting, such as the Internet market, where competition may be only one click away, has the potential of switching costs as an exit barrier and a binding ingredient of customer loyalty become altered? To address that issue, this article examines the moderating effects of switching costs on customer loyalty through both satisfaction and perceived-value measures. The results, evoked from a Web-based survey of online service users, indicate that companies that strive for customer loyalty should focus primarily on satisfaction and perceived value. The moderating effects of switching costs on the association of customer loyalty and customer satisfaction and perceived value are significant only when the level of customer satisfaction or perceived value is above average. In light of the major findings, the article sets forth strategic implications for customer loyalty in the setting of electronic commerce. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non-thermal activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK stress pathway by mobile phone radiation in human endothelial cells: molecular mechanism for cancer- and blood-brain barrier-related effects.

We have examined whether non-thermal exposures of cultures of the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone microwave radiation could activate stress response. Results obtained demonstrate that 1-hour non-thermal exposure of EA.hy926 cells changes the phosphorylation status of numerous, yet largely unidentified, proteins. One of the affected proteins was identified as heat shock protein-27 (hsp27). Mobile phone exposure caused a transient increase in phosphorylation of hsp27, an effect which was prevented by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Also, mobile phone exposure caused transient changes in the protein expression levels of hsp27 and p38MAPK. All these changes were non-thermal effects because, as determined using temperature probes, irradiation did not alter the temperature of cell cultures, which remained throughout the irradiation period at 37 +/- 0.3 degrees C. Changes in the overall pattern of protein phosphorylation suggest that mobile phone radiation activates a variety of cellular signal transduction pathways, among them the hsp27/p38MAPK stress response pathway. Based on the known functions of hsp27, we put forward the hypothesis that mobile phone radiation-induced activation of hsp27 may (i) facilitate the development of brain cancer by inhibiting the cytochrome c/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway and (ii) cause an increase in blood-brain barrier permeability through stabilization of endothelial cell stress fibers. We postulate that these events, when occurring repeatedly over a long period of time, might become a health hazard because of the possible accumulation of brain tissue damage. Furthermore, our hypothesis suggests that other brain damaging factors may co-participate in mobile phone radiation-induced effects.
Do Convergent Developmental Mechanisms Underlie Convergent Phenotypes?

Convergence is a pervasive evolutionary process, affecting many aspects of phenotype and even genotype. Relatively little is known about convergence in developmental processes, however, nor about the degree to which convergence in development underlies convergence in anatomy. A switch in the ecology of sea urchins from feeding to nonfeeding larvae illustrates how convergence in development can be associated with convergence in anatomy. Comparisons to more distantly related taxa, however, suggest that this association may be limited to relatively close phylogenetic comparisons. Similarities in gene expression during development provide another window into the association between convergence in developmental processes and convergence in anatomy. Several well-studied transcription factors exhibit likely cases of convergent gene expression in distantly related animal phyla. Convergence in regulatory gene expression domains is probably more common than generally acknowledged, and can arise for several different reasons.
Palladium Nanoparticles Decorated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hydrogen Sensor

We developed a simple and cost-effective fabrication technique to construct a hydrogen nanosensor by decorating single-walled carbon nanotubes with Pd nanoparticles. By varying the sensor's synthesis conditions (e.g., Pd electrodeposition charge, deposition potential, and initial baseline resistance of the SWNT network), the sensing performance was optimized. The optimized sensor showed excellent sensing properties toward hydrogen (ΔR/R of 0.42%/ppm) with a lower detection limit of 100 ppm and a linear response up to 1000 ppm. The response time decreased from tens of minutes to a few minutes with increasing hydrogen concentration at room temperature. The sensor's recovery time improved under humid air conditions compared to dry air conditions.
Event detection and localization in distribution grids with phasor measurement units

The recent introduction of synchrophasor technology into power distribution systems has given impetus to various monitoring, diagnostic, and control applications, such as system identification and event detection, which are crucial for restoring service, preventing outages, and managing equipment health. Drawing on the existing framework for inferring topology and admittances of a power network from voltage and current phasor measurements, this paper proposes an online algorithm for event detection and localization in unbalanced three-phase distribution systems. Using a convex relaxation and a matrix partitioning technique, the proposed algorithm is capable of identifying topology changes and attributing them to specific categories of events. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated on a standard test distribution feeder with synthesized loads, and it is shown that a tripped line can be detected and localized in an accurate and timely fashion, highlighting its potential for real-world applications.
Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Neuronal Functions

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, modulates neuronal excitability by the application of a small electrical current. The low cost and ease of the technique has driven interest in potential clinical applications. However, outcomes are highly sensitive to stimulation parameters, leading to difficulty maximizing the technique's effectiveness. Although reversing the polarity of stimulation often causes opposite effects, this is not always the case. Effective clinical application will require an understanding of how tDCS works; how it modulates a neuron; how it affects the local network; and how it alters inter-network signaling. We have summarized what is known regarding the mechanisms of tDCS from sub-cellular processing to circuit level communication with a particular focus on what can be learned from the polarity specificity of the effects.
A Union of Amateurs: A Legal Blueprint to Reshape Big-Time College Athletics

College sports now generate billions of dollars every year, yet many of the athletes whose talent and labor sustains this enterprise live beneath the poverty line. In response to this basic inequality, several prominent commentators (and, significantly, college athletes themselves) have recently issued calls for fundamental changes. This Article offers a novel proposal for reform: under the labor law regimes of many states, college athletes are, in fact, “employees” entitled to collective bargaining rights. Prior scholarship has contemplated the status of college athletes under federal labor law. But this work has overlooked the basic fact that most college athletes go to public institutions exempt from coverage under the NLRA, has downplayed significant differences between state and federal labor law, and has disregarded the growing centrality of state law in American labor relations. By offering the first comprehensive state-level survey of relevant labor law, this Article provides a blueprint for college athletes to organize, and proposes that such efforts can be consistent with traditional notions of amateurism.
Automatic Evaluation of Summaries Using N-gram Co-occurrence Statistics

Following the recent adoption by the machine translation community of automatic evaluation using the BLEU/NIST scoring process, we conduct an in-depth study of a similar idea for evaluating summaries. The results show that automatic evaluation using unigram co-occurrences between summary pairs correlates surprising well with human evaluations, based on various statistical metrics; while direct application of the BLEU evaluation procedure does not always give good results.
The Functional Basis of Wing Patterning in Heliconius Butterflies: The Molecules Behind Mimicry

Wing-pattern mimicry in butterflies has provided an important example of adaptation since Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace proposed evolution by natural selection >150 years ago. The neotropical butterfly genus Heliconius played a central role in the development of mimicry theory and has since been studied extensively in the context of ecology and population biology, behavior, and mimicry genetics. Heliconius species are notable for their diverse color patterns, and previous crossing experiments revealed that much of this variation is controlled by a small number of large-effect, Mendelian switch loci. Recent comparative analyses have shown that the same switch loci control wing-pattern diversity throughout the genus, and a number of these have now been positionally cloned. Using a combination of comparative genetic mapping, association tests, and gene expression analyses, variation in red wing patterning throughout Heliconius has been traced back to the action of the transcription factor optix. Similarly, the signaling ligand WntA has been shown to control variation in melanin patterning across Heliconius and other butterflies. Our understanding of the molecular basis of Heliconius mimicry is now providing important insights into a variety of additional evolutionary phenomena, including the origin of supergenes, the interplay between constraint and evolvability, the genetic basis of convergence, the potential for introgression to facilitate adaptation, the mechanisms of hybrid speciation in animals, and the process of ecological speciation.
Orexin/hypocretin signaling at the orexin 1 receptor regulates cue‐elicited cocaine‐seeking

The orexin/hypocretin system has recently been implicated in reward‐processing and addiction. We examined the involvement of the orexin system in cue‐induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine‐seeking by administering the orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB‐334867 (SB) or the orexin 2 receptor antagonist 4‐pyridylmethyl (S)‐tert‐leucyl 6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (4PT) prior to reinstatement testing. Male Sprague Dawley rats self‐administered cocaine in 2‐h sessions for 10 days, followed by extinction training. Reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking was elicited by presentation of tone + light cues previously paired with cocaine infusions. SB (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) dose‐dependently decreased cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking without significantly affecting responding during late extinction. 4PT (10 and 30 mg/kg) did not significantly alter cue‐induced reinstatement. In separate experiments, the highest doses of SB and 4PT had no significant effect on established cocaine self‐administration, and 4PT reduced spontaneous activity in a locomotor test to a greater extent than SB. Finally, SB (30 mg/kg) had no effect on the acquisition of cocaine‐paired cues during a Pavlovian cocaine‐stimulus conditioning session in the operant chamber. Pretreatment with SB prior to the Pavlovian acquisition session had no effect on subsequent cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking elicited by those cues. However, pretreatment with SB prior to a second reinstatement session in the same animals significantly attenuated the expression of cue‐induced reinstatement. These results show that orexin transmission at the orexin 1 receptor, but not the orexin 2 receptor, is necessary for the reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking elicited by drug‐paired cues and that orexin signaling is not critical for cocaine reinforcement or cocaine‐stimulus conditioning.
Inp1p is a peroxisomal membrane protein required for peroxisome inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cells have evolved molecular mechanisms for the efficient transmission of organelles during cell division. Little is known about how peroxisomes are inherited. Inp1p is a peripheral membrane protein of peroxisomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that affects both the morphology of peroxisomes and their partitioning during cell division. In vivo 4-dimensional video microscopy showed an inability of mother cells to retain a subset of peroxisomes in dividing cells lacking the INP1 gene, whereas cells overexpressing INP1 exhibited immobilized peroxisomes that failed to be partitioned to the bud. Overproduced Inp1p localized to both peroxisomes and the cell cortex, supporting an interaction of Inp1p with specific structures lining the cell periphery. The levels of Inp1p vary with the cell cycle. Inp1p binds Pex25p, Pex30p, and Vps1p, which have been implicated in controlling peroxisome division. Our findings are consistent with Inp1p acting as a factor that retains peroxisomes in cells and controls peroxisome division. Inp1p is the first peroxisomal protein directly implicated in peroxisome inheritance.
Conceptions of the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming among Elementary Students from Diverse Languages and Cultures

As part of a large-scale intervention, this study examined conceptions of the greenhouse effect and global warming among elementary students from diverse languages and cultures in the U.S. To make science relevant and meaningful for diverse student groups, the intervention emphasized the integration of (a) scientific understanding and inquiry, (b) English language and literacy, and (c) students' home language and culture. The study involved 5th grade students from five elementary schools of varying demographic makeup in a large urban school district. The intervention's effectiveness was measured by student responses on a writing prompt addressing this topic in the beginning and at the completion of instruction over the school year. The results indicate that students overall demonstrated more scientific conceptual understandings after instruction. Furthermore, all demographic subgroups in terms of gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, English proficiency, and home language demonstrated statistically significant improvements after instruction, with the exceptions of African-American and Haitian students showing little or no gain.
Multivariate hierarchical model for physical inactivity among public school children.

OBJECTIVE To identify biological and sociodemographic factors associated with physical inactivity in public school children. METHODS Parents of 2,519 children (49.3% of whom were girls), aged 7 to 10 years (mean = 7.6+/-0.9 years), from eight public schools in São Paulo, Brazil, completed a self-administered questionnaire. We used multiple correspondence analysis to identify groups of responses related to levels of physical activity and inactivity and to obtain an optimal scale. The cluster analysis identified groups of active and inactive children. The analysis of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, for the study of diagnostic properties of a simplified scale for physical inactivity derived from the optimal scale, revealed that a cutoff point of 3 had the best sensitivity and specificity, being therefore used as the outcome variable in the regression model. A multivariate hierarchical model was built, including distal and proximal categorical variables, with a p < 0.05. RESULTS Physical inactivity was positively associated with biological factors such as being overweight, being older than 7.5 years, being a female, and having a good appetite, and with socioeconomic factors such as having garbage collected less than twice a week and having mothers who work outside the home. CONCLUSION The results are consistent with published data about determinant factors of physical activity and inactivity among children, showing that questionnaires answered by parents and submitted to a sophisticated statistical analysis can be used in population-based studies involving children younger than 10 years old.