Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unrecognized, concealed, or forgotten – the case of absent information in risk communication

There are differing and partially incompatible views about what kind of issues should be included into risk discussions and what kinds of risks should be emphasized and dealt with. While the emergence of new risks has been extensively studied, relatively little attention has been paid to the roles that the absence of information can play in risk debates. Potentially relevant information may be downplayed or omitted and less relevant overemphasized when actors with varying interests, knowledge bases, and risk frames interact. Multiple and cumulative environmental and health risks caused by chemicals and other stressors pose particular challenges for risk communication. We identify and discuss different forms of unrecognized, hidden, and forgotten information by using chemical risks as a case. A widely applicable typology of absent information in risk communication is outlined.
Application of Multivariate Data Analysis for the Classification of Two Dimensional Gel Images in Neuroproteomics

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) still plays a key role in proteomics for exploring the protein content of complex biological mixtures. However, the development of fully automatic strategies in extracting interpretable information from gel images is still a challenging task. In this work, we present a computational strategy aiming at an automatic classification of the discriminant patterns emerging from separation images intended as fingerprints of the correspondent biological conditions. The method was applied to gel images acquired in a study on motor neuron diseases: 33 2DE maps generated from samples of cerebrospinal fluid were processed (26 pathologic and 7 control subjects). Quantitative image descriptors were extracted and fitted to a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLSDA) assessing the chance to classify the samples. Moreover, the model was able to identify gel areas that most differ through the clinical categories. Combining multivariate statistical techniques with 2DE may represent a valid tool to extract informative protein patterns. This kind of approach can contribute to the development of a system of screening to discriminate different clinical conditions on the basis of the overall patterns emerging from the maps, representing a useful complementary analysis in the routine of a proteomic laboratory.
Testicular tumours: histology, prevalence and epidemiology.

Sixty five testicular tumours in 27 years accounted for an average of 2-3 cases (specimens) per year. The estimated frequency was therefore 0.04% out of total 165,000 biopsies received during this period. Specimens were sent from surgical units of various hospitals of Karachi be sides Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC). Sections prepared were stained with routine haematoxylin and eosin; periodic acid schiff, reticulin and trichrome were used in selected cases.
Hyposensitivity to amphetamine following exposure to chlorphenvinphos--protection by amphetamine preexposure.

We investigated the effect of an acute exposure to chlorphenvinphos (CVP), an organophosphate anticholinesterase, on amphetamine-induced open-field locomotion in rats. CVP was administered in a single i.p. dose of 1.0 mg/kg (1/10 of the LD50). All animals were challenged with 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine (AMPH) three weeks after the CVP exposure, i.e. after a time sufficient for acetylcholinesterase recovery. Some rats were also given AMPH three weeks before the CVP exposure. In rats challenged with AMPH only once after the CVP exposure, AMPH-induced open-field locomotion was significantly reduced. Such an effect was not observed in rats given AMPH three weeks before the CVP exposure. The results suggest that a single CVP exposure may result in persistent dopaminergic hyposensitivity, and that an amphetamine pretreatment may protect the rat against this effect.
‘Extra appendage’ or integrated service? School counsellors' reflections on their professional identity in an era of education reform

Abstract Aims: Since 2003, Government policies have located increasing responsibility for children's well-being on schools working in partnership with other agencies. This study sought to investigate how these policies affect the working lives and professional identities of counsellors in schools in challenging circumstances in England. Method: In-depth interviews with six school counsellors (4 primary and 2 secondary). Transcripts were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to reveal five master themes, one of which is the focus of this paper. Findings: School counsellors derive most reward from their therapeutic work with children. Their sense of professional identity however, is affected by their positioning within schools. Counsellors with dual roles perceive themselves as ‘insiders’ with the capacity to influence and contribute meaningfully to the school's well-being agenda. Counsellors engaged on part-time contracts either independently or via an agency feel like ‘outsiders’, situated.
Leadership effectiveness, leadership style and employee readiness

Purpose – This study aims to test the Hersey and Blanchard Situation Leadership Theory (SLT) of leadership effectiveness and the impact of the degree of match between leadership style and employee readiness level on a variety of measures of leadership outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – The measures used were employee job satisfaction, job performance, job stress, and turnover intention. SLT argues that an effective leader adopts a leadership style according to the ability and willingness of subordinates for a given task.Findings – The results did not support SLT predictions that an appropriate match between leadership style and subordinate readiness results in higher levels of subordinate job satisfaction and performance and lower levels of job stress and intention to leave. However, the results did partially support SLT in that, the higher the leader's leadership score, the more effective is the leader's influence. However, the leadership score did not predict job performance. There was a positive co.
Sialic acid-binding lectin (leczyme) induces caspase-dependent apoptosis-mediated mitochondrial perturbation in Jurkat cells

Sialic acid binding lectin (SBL) isolated from Rana catesbeiana oocytes is a multifunctional protein which has lectin activity, ribonuclease activity and antitumor activity. However, the mechanism of antitumor effects of SBL is unclear to date and the validity for human leukemia cells has not been fully studied. We report here that SBL shows cytotoxicity for some human leukemia cell lines including multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells. The precise mechanisms of SBL-induced apoptotic signals were analyzed by combinational usage of specific caspase inhibitors and the mitochondrial membrane depolarization detector JC-1. It was demonstrated that SBL causes mitochondrial perturbation and the apoptotic signal is amplified by caspases and cell death is executed in a caspase-dependent manner. The efficacy of this combinational usage was shown for the first time, to distinguish the apoptotic pathway in detail. SBL selectively kills tumor cells, is able to exhibit cytotoxicity regardless of P-glycoprotein expression and has potential as an alternative to conventional DNA-damaging anticancer drugs.
Herschel-SPIRE spectroscopy of G29.96-0.02: Fitting the full SED

We use the SPIRE Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) on-board the ESA Herschel Space Observatory to analyse the submillimetre spectrum of the Ultra-compact HII region G29.96-0.02. Spectral lines from species including 13 CO, CO, [CI], and [NII] are detected. A sparse map of the [NII] emission shows at least one other HII region neighbouring the clump containing the UCHII. The FTS spectra are combined with ISO SWS and LWS spectra and fluxes from the literature to present a detailed spectrum of the source spanning three orders of magnitude in wavelength. The quality of the spectrum longwards of 100 μm allows us to fit a single temperature greybody with temperature 80.3 ± 0.6 K and dust emissivity
Faculty Development in Russian Higher Education

This work summarizes results from three studies of the current state of higher education faculty development in Russia. Positive aspects include its support for societal change, content focus, regularity, systematic nature, governmental support, established tradition, encouragement of graduate work, career‐long continuity, institutional control, and development of lecture skills. Problematic aspects currently include an over‐emphasis on memorization, severe under‐funding, uneven quality of faculty development programs, and lack of attention to student involvement, faculty research, and ethics. International exchange programs appear important for Russian faculty development, but language facility is a main factor limiting participation in exchanges, study abroad, and Internet usage. Recommendations are made for further research and for the policies of international non‐profit organizations, government agencies, and professional faculty development organizations. Ce travail fait la synthèse des résultats de trois études sur l’état actuel de la formation continue à destination des professeurs de l’enseignement supérieur en Russie. Les éléments positifs à noter incluent le rôle de la formation continue dans les transformations sociales; le contenu des enseignements; son caractère obligatoire, régulier et systématique; le soutien gouvernemental dont elle bénéficie; son inscription dans une tradition ancienne; le soutien qu’elle apporte aux études de troisiéme cycle; le perfectionnement a long terme; le contrôle institutionnel; et l’attention portée au développement des compétences d’un conférencier. Des aspects plus problématiques incluent: une survalorisation de la mémorisation; un manque de fonds; de fortes disparités dans la qualité des programmes de formation continue; le caractère par trop magistral des enseignements; la situation difficile de la recherche dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur; et enfin, les problèmes d’éthique. Les programmes d’échanges internationaux semblent être essentials aux programmes de formation continue en Russie, mais la maîtrise des langues étrangères constitue le principal obstacle au développement de ce type d’échanges et à l’utilisation d’Internet. Ce travail propose enfin des pistes à explorer pour des recherches futures ainsi que pour les politiques menées en la matière par les ONG, les agences gouvernementales et les organisations professionnelles chargées de la formation continue.
Gorilla watching: Effects of exposure and expectations on inattentional blindness

Inattentional blindness (IB) occurs when an individual fails to notice an unexpected object because their attention is engaged by another task. Most research has excluded participants with IB knowledge on the belief that any knowledge of IB would invalidate experiments by causing participants to "expect the unexpected". Previous research has shown that expectations can significantly influence IB rates, specifically through determining attentional set. We conducted a series of experiments to determine whether knowledge of and exposure to IB research had any effect on expectations and rates of IB. Experiment 1 compared participants with either little or no preexisting knowledge of IB and found that IB knowledge did not predict experimental rates of IB. Experiment 2 compared first year psychology students with moderate IB knowledge to later-year students with high IB knowledge. Again, knowledge was not a significant predictor of IB rates. Experiment 3 manipulated IB knowledge, with half the participants given detailed information on IB. High knowledge participants were significantly more likely to notice the unexpected stimulus, but primary task accuracy was significantly lower for noticers compared to nonnoticers, suggesting that noticers may have adopted a dual task strategy and been "watching" for the unexpected stimulus. Overall these results suggest that preexisting IB knowledge only affects rates of IB if it allows participants to form specific and accurate expectations about the experiment. Keywords: attention; awareness; expectations; inattentional blindness. Citation details for this article: Beanland, V. , Pammer, K. (2010). Gorilla watching: Effects of exposure and expectations on inattentional blindness. In W. Christensen, E. Schier, and J. Sutton (Eds.), ASCS09: Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the Australasian Society for Cognitive Science (pp. 12-20). Sydney: Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science.
The Limits of “The Male Sex Role”

Some feminists have seen sex role theory as limited, even dangerous; others see it as useful mid-range theory. This article sheds light on this debate through an examination of the discourse of the men's liberation movement of the 1970s. Men's liberation leaders grappled with the paradox of simultaneously acknowledging men's institutional privileges and the costs of masculinity to men. The language of sex roles was the currency through which they negotiated this paradox. By the late 1970s, men's liberation had disappeared. The conservative and moderate wings of men's liberation became an anti-feminist men's rights movement, facilitated by the language of sex roles. The progressive wing of men's liberation abandoned sex role language and formed a profeminist movement premised on a language of gender relations and power. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of this case for debates about sex role theory, and urges the study of contemporary organizations whose discourse is based on the language of sex roles.
Assessing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Pulse Pressure Variations for the Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness: A “Gray Zone” Approach

Background:Respiratory arterial pulse pressure variations (PPV) are the best predictors of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients during general anesthesia. However, previous studies were performed in a small number of patients and determined a single cutoff point to make clinical discrimination. The authors sought to test the predictive value of PPV in a large, multicenter study and to express it using a gray zone approach. Methods:The authors studied 413 patients during general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation in four centers. PPV, central venous pressure, and cardiac output were recorded before and after volume expansion (VE). Response to VE was defined as more than 15% increase in cardiac output after VE. The following approaches were used to determine the gray zones: resampled and two-graph receiver operator characteristic curves. The impact of changes in the benefit-risk balance of VE on the gray zone was also evaluated. Results:The authors observed 209 responders (51%) and 204 nonresponders (49%) to VE. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.92) for PPV, compared with 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54–0.59) for central venous pressure (P < 10−5). The gray zone approach identified a range of PPV values (between 9% and 13%) for which fluid responsiveness could not be predicted reliably. These PPV values were seen in 98 (24%) patients. Changes in the cost ratio of VE moderately affected the gray zone limits. Conclusion:Despite a strong predictive value, PPV may be inconclusive (between 9% and 13%) in approximately 25% of patients during general anesthesia.
Human-human physical interaction in the joint control of an underactuated virtual object

Human-human physical interaction has proven to be advantageous especially in contexts with high coordination requirements. But under which conditions can haptic communication bring to performance benefits in a challenging cooperative environment? In this work we investigate which are the dynamics that intervene when two subjects are required to switch from a bimanual to a dyadic configuration in order to solve a complex reaching and stabilization task of a virtual tool in the presence of an unstable dynamics. Results show that dyadic cooperation can improve the performance respect to the individual condition, while minimizing the effort. However, in the joint task, when the stiffness of the system becomes harder to manipulate the feedback delays appear to be critical in determining the maximum achievable level of performance.
Tranexamic Acid in Control of Haemorrhage after Dental Extraction in Haemophilia and Christmas Disease

In a double-blind trial tranexamic acid (AMCA, Cyclokapron), 1 g three times a day for five days, significantly reduced blood loss and transfusion requirements after dental extraction in patients with haemophilia and Christmas disease. No side effects were seen in either group of patients. Screening tests showed no toxic action of tranexamic acid on the liver, kidney, or heart.
Recovery for couples

Abstract When at least one member of a couple is sexually addicted, restoring trust and building intimacy can be very difficult. These couples must work as hard on their recovery together as a couple as they do on their individual recoveries. A number of key characteristics of these relationships can be understood and allowed to inform the work that needs to proceed. Relationships develop very much as individuals do. Margaret Mahler's developmental model is helpful in understanding this process for couples. The 12 steps can be applied to couple recovery in order to facilitate the work of intimacy and trust building.
Structural Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Serine/Threonine Kinase PknB

Effective treatment of infections caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus remains a worldwide challenge, in part due to the constant emergence of new strains that are resistant to antibiotics. The serine/threonine kinase PknB is of particular relevance to the life cycle of S. aureus as it is involved in the regulation of purine biosynthesis, autolysis, and other central metabolic processes of the bacterium. We have determined the crystal structure of the kinase domain of PknB in complex with a non-hydrolyzable analog of the substrate ATP at 3.0 Å resolution. Although the purified PknB kinase is active in solution, it crystallized in an inactive, autoinhibited state. Comparison with other bacterial kinases provides insights into the determinants of catalysis, interactions of PknB with ligands, and the pathway of activation.
Impact of Trust on Candidates, Branches of Government, and Media Within the Context of the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election

ABSTRACT Based on a nationwide survey completed just prior to the 2004 U.S. presidential election, an investigation was undertaken to contrast the views of younger and older voters in terms of their trust in the political system (e.g., a democratic form of government and the various branches of the government) and their trust of political candidates (e.g., “trusting a particular candidate to do the right thing”). In particular, respondents' perceptions of their trust of the candidates for president and vice president, as well their trust in the media and other sources of information about political candidates, were explored. Voter perceptions concerning the importance of voting in the then-upcoming 2004 U.S. election were also considered. The article concludes with some recommendations for future research in the area of political trust, implications for political strategists, and thoughts about some potential research directions for moving closer to a research framework or theory relating political trust and voter age.
Attachment style, communication patterns, and satisfaction across the life cycle of marriage

Questionnaire measures of attachment, communication patterns, and relationship satisfaction were administered to 361 married couples, sampled across the life cycle of marriage. Individuals who were secure in attachment (defined in terms of comfort with closeness and low anxiety over relationships) tended to be paired with secure spouses. Security of attachment was associated with one's own relationship satisfaction, although husbands' satisfaction was related primarily to the anxiety dimension. The most consistent effect of partners' attachment was an inverse relationship between wives' anxiety and husbands' satisfaction. The negative effect of wives' anxiety on perceived relationship satisfaction (for both partners) was evident primarily for couples in which husbands were uncomfortable with closeness. The association between attachment dimensions and relationship satisfaction was largely mediated by communication patterns for wives, but only partially mediated by communication patterns for husbands; for both husbands and wives, a measure of mutually constructive communication emerged as the strongest correlate of satisfaction. These findings were generally consistent across the life cycle of marriage, and they are important in clarifying the nature of the link between attachment and satisfaction in a broad sample.
Young women’s experiences of arranging and having abortions

Women (n = 54) aged between 16 and 24 were interviewed between one and three hours after their abortion about their experiences. Overall, having an unwanted pregnancy was experienced as a rare event which was accompanied by feelings of lack of control and loss of status. Further, the process of arranging and having an abortion led to a reinstatement of status, control and normality. However, this process was sometimes hindered by inaccessible information, judgmental health professionals and the wider social context of abortion in which abortion is seen as a generally negative experience. In the main though, most of these negative experiences were associated with accessing the abortion service and the professionals who act as gatekeepers to the service rather than those who work within the service itself. Therefore, although young women's experiences were wide-ranging and varied, most were positive, and at times even negative expectations were compensated by supportive staff, indicating that abortion services may not be as judgmental in the late 20th century as suggested in previous decades.
Effect of long-term potassium fertilization on the chemical composition of Oriental tobacco

The effects of the different potassium rates (0, 75 and 450 kg K2O ha-1) on nutrient concentrations in the above-ground biomass and chemical characteristics of sun-cured tobacco have been studied in a stationary field trial. Annual fertilization with 75 kg K2O ha-1 was adequate to maintain soil K concentration near the initial value. It was found that yield of cured leaves was not significantly affected by rate of K application when oriental tobacco was grown on soils with high available soil K. With the increase of K fertilization rate the content of the potassium in leaves increased from 0.65 to 4.49%. The concentration of Ca and Mg in the leaves ranged from 2.03 to 5.23% and from 0.52 to 0.71%, respectively and decreased with increases in added potassium. No effect of K rates on nicotine and protein content was noted. Only the reducing sugars’ content tended to increase to 11.42% at the highest K rate. Fertilization with moderate potassium rates (75 kg K2O ha-1) on soils high in available K is necessary to maintain the good potassium reserves. When oriental tobacco was grown on alkaline soils with high available K and Ca, potassium fertilization improves K nutrition and therefore may favorably affect burning properties of tobacco.