Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A developmentally-sensitive evaluation of two cognitive models of depression in childhood and early adolescence

This study used mediation analysis to evaluate Beck’s model and Abramson’s model in a sample of 198 girls, in the 4 through 7 grades. Data from diagnostic interviews were used to create a continuous measure of depressive symptoms. Self-report measures, including the Life Events Checklist, the Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children, and the Children’s Cognitive Style Questionnaire, were used to assess perceptions of negative life events, Beck’s cognitive triad, and Abramson’s cognitive inferential style, respectively. Results of separate mediation analyses supported both Beck’s and Abramson’s cognitive theories of depression in children. There was a significant indirect effect of life events through Beck’s cognitive triad on symptoms of depression. Similarly, there was a significant indirect effect of life events through Abramson’s negative cognitive inferential style on depressive symptoms. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with a more depressotypic cognitive triad, a more depressotypic cognitive inferential style, and a greater number and greater magnitude of negative life events. Developmentally-sensitive analyses using the weakest link approach and moderated mediation (conditional process) analysis found support for both Beck’s and Abramson’s models. However, there was also some support for the developmental v hypothesis that in younger children negative life events can have a direct effect on symptoms of depression; for the 4 graders in this study, direct effects and indirect effects were significant. However, for the 5, 6, and 7 graders indirect effects were significant, but direct effects ceased to be significant. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.
Increased Cyclic AMP Content Accelerates Protein Synthesis in Rat Heart

Elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) content in perfused rat hearts by exposure to glucagon, forskolin, and l-methyl-3-lsobutylxanthlne (IBMX) increased rates of protein synthesis during the second hour of perfusion with buffer that contained glucose in the absence of added insulin. When tetrodotoxin was added to arrest contractile activity, glucagon, forskolin, and IBMX still elevated cAMP content and rates of protein synthesis. Perfusion of beating rat hearts at elevated aortic pressure (120 mm Hg vs. 60 mm Hg) also accelerated rates of protein synthesis and raised cAMP content and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity during the second hour of perfusion. Insulin accelerated rates of protein synthesis in beating hearts during the first and second hour of perfusion but did not increase cAMP content. Elevation of aortic pressure in insulin-treated hearts raised cAMP content but had no further effect on rates of protein synthesis. Perfusion of arrested hearts for as little as 2 minutes at 120 mm Hg resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in cAMP content, cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, and rate of protein synthesis after 60–120 minutes of additional perfusion at 60 mm Hg. Exposure of arrested hearts to 0.2 mM methacholine, a muscarinic-cholinergic agonist, for 5 minutes before elevation of perfusion pressure blocked the pressure-induced increases in cAMP content, cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, and rates of protein synthesis. When hearts were removed from pertussis toxin-treated animals, methacholine did not block the effects of forskolin on these same three parameters. These studies indicated that elevation of tissue cAMP by hormone binding, direct activation of adenylate cyclase, or inhibition of phosphodiesterase resulted in acceleration of protein synthesis. Furthermore, the effects of increased aortic pressure to accelerate synthesis appeared to involve a cAMP-dependent mechanism that was independent of changes in contractile activity but could be blocked with a muscariniccholinergic agonist. Acceleration of protein synthesis by insulin was not associated with an elevation of cAMP.
A career in culture and psychiatry research: Reflections on forty-plus years

The report chronicles a 44-year career in cultural psychiatry spent at Duke, Cornell, Harvard, the University of British Columbia, the University of Toronto, and Ryerson Universities. It describes my studies in a rural community in Nova Scotia, in traditional villages in Senegal, West Africa, on Canadian First Nations reserves and American Indian reservations, in refugee camps in Southeast Asia, among immigrant and refugee communities in Canada, in Ethiopia, and in Israel. The report summarizes major findings resulting from these research efforts, and discusses contributions to theory as well as potential implications for practice as well as policy. The article concludes with reflections about the present state of cultural psychiatry, raises concerns about where the field seems to be in danger of going wrong, and offers suggestions about what needs to be done next.
Aboriginal Suicide is Different : Aboriginal Youth Suicide in New South Wales, The Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand: Towards a Model of Explanation and Alleviation

This report is the outcome of a project funded by the Criminology Research Council. The original title of the project, in the name of Colin Tatz was "Aboriginal youth suicide : towards a model of explanation and alleviation". In seeking to gain an understanding youth suicide in Aboriginal and Maori communities, Tatz examines the social and political contexts, the origins of the "new violence", the anthropology of suicide, the prevalence and nature of Aboriginal suicide, and social and contributing factors.
Robust control for axial-flow compressor - An algorithm

Local L2 gain method has been pursued to analyze the robustness of a family of stabilizing controllers near the rotating stall point in axial flow compressors. An matrix inequality is involved in computation of L2 gain which is usually very difficult to solve without resorting to numerical method. In order to reduce the computational cost, an algorithm is proposed in this paper to greatly simplify the computational complexity by converting the matrix inequality into its quadratic form. Rather than obtaining accurate approximation of the local L2 gain, the results would facilitate the robust design of the axial flow compressor control.
Evaluation of Technology-Based Service Scenarios for Supporting Independent Living

To develop technology-based service solutions for supporting the independent living of elderly citizens, we conducted a user assessment study. Six different service scenarios were created and analyzed in six focus groups by young adults, elderly, and health-care professionals (n=29). Results show that safety was viewed as the most significant aspect. The study also showed that independent of age, most individuals take interest in health related issues only when a clear threat is posed, even though health in general is considered an important issue in life.
Regulation of integrin function and trafficking

Verstoringen in integrine functie vormen de basis van een aantal ziekten zoals longfibrose, nefrotisch syndroom en Kindler syndroom (een ziekte die gekenmerkt wordt door ernstige blaarvorming in de huid en darmafwijkingen), toont Coert Margadant aan. Integrines zijn eiwitten op de celmembraan die belangrijk zijn voor de communicatie van cellen met hun omgeving. De synthese en afbraak van integrines, het transport van integrines door de cel, en hun presentatie op de celmembraan worden sterk gereguleerd door eiwitten die aan de integrines binden. Margadant beschrijft in zijn onderzoek hoe deze processen in goede banen worden geleid.
Evidence for TIMP-1 protection against P. aeruginosa-induced corneal ulceration and perforation.

PURPOSE To determine the biological significance of individual endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in protection against tissue destruction using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced model of corneal ulceration. METHODS Corneal TIMP-1, -2, and -3 mRNA levels were compared between young adult (resistant) and aged (susceptible) mice challenged with P. aeruginosa. Resistant mice that demonstrated greater amounts of an individual TIMP were treated with polyclonal antibody (pAb) to that TIMP. To determine whether TIMP neutralization exacerbated P. aeruginosa-induced corneal disease, TIMP pAb- and normal rabbit serum (NRS)- (control) treated mice were examined macroscopically and histopathologically after infection. Corneal neutrophil (PMN) myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels also were examined in these mice. RESULTS Greater amounts of TIMP-1 mRNA only were found in corneas of resistant versus suscep tible mice after P. aeruginosa challenge. Systemic treatment of resistant mice with TIMP-1 pAb resulted in corneal perforation by 5 to 7 days after infection (PI). Histopathologic evaluation of corneal tissues from TIMP-1 pAb- versus NRS-treated mice confirmed that TIMP-1 pAb treatment resulted in extensive stromal dissolution. This treatment also was associated with loss of epithelium within the central cornea. Both the histopathology and PMN MPO enzyme assays also showed an increase in corneal PMN number following TIMP-1 pAb treatment. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide evidence that, after P. aeruginosa infection, adequate endogenous expression of TIMP-1 in cornea protects against extensive corneal tissue destruction. The protective effects of TIMP-1 may be multifactorial. In addition to directly protecting extracellular matrix components from active matrix metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 may either directly or indirectly influence recruitment of PMNs into infected cornea. Finally, TIMP-1 also may affect wound healing and resurfacing of the corneal epithelium.
Gene expression kinetics in individual plasmodial cells reveal alternative programs of differential regulation during commitment and differentiation

During its life cycle, the amoebozoon Physarum polycephalum forms multinucleate plasmodial cells that can grow to macroscopic size while maintaining a naturally synchronous population of nuclei. Sporulation‐competent plasmodia were stimulated through photoactivation of the phytochrome photoreceptor and the expression of sporulation marker genes was analyzed quantitatively by repeatedly taking samples of the same plasmodial cell at successive time points after the stimulus pulse. Principal component analysis of the gene expression data revealed that plasmodial cells take different trajectories leading to cell fate decision and differentiation and suggested that averaging over individual cells is inappropriate. Queries for genes with pairwise correlated expression kinetics revealed qualitatively different patterns of co‐regulation, indicating that alternative programs of differential regulation are operational in individual plasmodial cells. At the single cell level, the response to stimulation of a non‐sporulating mutant was qualitatively different as compared to the wild type with respect to the differentially regulated genes and their patterns of co‐regulation. The observation of individual differences during commitment and differentiation supports the concept of a Waddington‐type quasipotential landscape for the regulatory control of cell differentiation. Comparison of wild type and sporulation mutant data further supports the idea that mutations may impact the topology of this landscape.
Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Hypotensive Stress in the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

Background—Increased central sympathetic activity and/or deficient peripheral sympathetic nerve function are among the proposed pathophysiological changes in patients with the postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Little is known about sympathetic nerve outflow and its role in hemodynamic control in this disorder. Methods and Results—We recorded peroneal muscle sympathetic nerve activity in 9 POTS patients and 9 control subjects at rest and during a nitroprusside-induced hypotensive stimulus. Baseline blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were significantly higher in POTS patients than in controls. At rest, the burst frequency was similar in POTS patients and controls (18.1±6.2 and 20.1±7.9 bursts/min, respectively; P=NS), whereas the burst incidence was significantly lower (23.1±6.8 versus 32.2±11.4 bursts/100 heartbeats, P<0.05). Nitroprusside increased sympathetic outflow significantly more in POTS patients than in controls despite a similar BP decrease (burst frequency 20.4±7.5 versus 12.1±4.1 bursts/min, P=0.008, and burst incidence 21.8±8.4 versus 14.4±5.2 bursts/100 heartbeats, P=0.03). The change in mean burst area, a measure of the number of actively firing sympathetic neurons, was similar in patients and controls (117±15% versus 114±21%, P=NS). Conclusions—At rest, the tachycardia and normal burst frequency result in normal or even elevated BP in POTS patients. During a hypotensive stimulus, cardiovascular homeostasis is maintained by the increased sympathetic outflow and normal heart rate response despite the lack of concomitant increase in mean burst area that is most likely due to sympathetic denervation.
Role of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 in Brain Injury After Experimental Global Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose— Evidence suggests that the protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a thrombin receptor, mediates neuronal injury in experimental cerebral ischemia. The present study investigated whether PAR-1 plays a role in brain injury after global cerebral ischemia. Methods— Adult male wild-type or PAR-1 knockout mice underwent a 20-minute bilateral common carotid artery occlusion or a sham operation. Behavior tests were performed before ischemia and 1, 2, and 3 days after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Mice were euthanized at different time points for thrombin activity, brain edema, Western blot analysis, and brain histology. Results— Thrombin activity and PAR-1 expression were increased in the brain after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Compared with wild-type mice, PAR-1 knockout mice had less brain edema formation, neuronal death, and behavior impairment after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. In addition, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases was absent in PAR-1 knockout mice. Conclusion— PAR-1 contributes to the brain injury induced by global cerebral ischemia, which may be related to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
Bone and cartilage induction in the rabbit.

Bone or cartilage formation has been found in non-skeletal tissues after the introduction into them of devitalized tissues (Urist & McLean, 1952; Peer, 1955), and tissue extracts (Levander, 1938; Annersten, 1940, Bertelsen, 1944; Lacroix, 1951), but consistent results have rarely been obtained, and little is known of the histological changes involved. The phenomenon has been reported most often in the rabbit, and so it was decided to examine the fate of a variety of devitalized tissues and other substances introduced into the soft tissues of this animal, and to study in detail the histological changes occurring after procedures which consistently resulted in bone or cartilage formation. No attempt was made to extract substances responsible for inducing bone or cartilage as it was felt to be premature to do so until their distribution and histological effects were known, but some information regarding the stability of the inducing agents was sought by varying the method of devitalization.
Are Lecturers- Ready for Usage of Mobile Technology for Teaching?

Descriptive statistics was performed with the aim to achieve research objective of to investigate lecturersâ€™ usage of the mobile technology for teaching. A representative sample of 20lecturers from the Faculty of Industrial Art & Design Technology of Universiti Industri Selangor (UNISEL) , Malaysia was selected as the respondents. The result attested that lecturers fully accept the concept of mobility in learning and game play is appealing concept to support classroom learning. Subsequently, analogous experience on small size of keypad, screen resolution, and navigation could be the major problematic factors to students and affect their mobile learning process. Recommendation for future research is also presented.
Seasonal Trophic Niche Shift and Cascading Effect of a Generalist Predator Fish

Few studies have examined how foraging niche shift of a predator over time cascade down to local prey communities. Here we examine patterns of temporal foraging niche shifts of a generalist predator (yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and the abundance of prey communities in a subtropical lake. We predicted that the nature of these interactions would have implications for patterns in diet shifts and growth of the predator. Our results show significant decreases in planktivory and benthivory from late spring to summer and autumn, whereas piscivory increased significantly from mid-summer until late autumn and also increased steadily with predator body length. The temporal dynamics in predator/prey ratios indicate that the predation pressure on zooplankton and zoobenthos decreased when the predation pressure on the prey fish and shrimps was high. Yellow catfish adjusted their foraging strategies to temporal changes in food availability, which is in agreement with optimal foraging theory. Meanwhile the decrease in planktivory and benthivory of yellow catfish enabled primary consumers, such as zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, to develop under low grazing pressure via trophic cascading effects in the local food web. Thus, yellow catfish shifts its foraging niche to intermediate consumers in the food web to benefit the energetic demand on growth and reproduction during summer, which in turn indirectly facilitate the primary consumers. In complex food webs, trophic interactions are usually expected to reduce the strength and penetrance of trophic cascades. However, our study demonstrates strong associations between foraging niche of piscivorous fish and abundance of prey. This relationship appeared to be an important factor in producing top-down effects on both benthic and planktonic food webs.
PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA, JANGKA WAKTU DAN UANG MUKA TERHADAP PERMINTAAN KREDIT KENDARAAN BERMOTOR RODA DUA DI KALIMANTAN BARAT

Pertumbuhan kendaraan bermotor setiap tahun meningkat salah satu penyebabnya adanya kemudahan yang diberikan oleh lembaga keuangan seperti Adira Finance. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka variabel bebas yang diteliti adalah suku bunga kredit yang diberikan yang merupakan beban yang harus dibayarkan konsumen kepada pemberi kredit, uang muka sebagai salah satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi konsumen dalam pembayaran kredit dan jangka waktu pengembalian kredit sehingga jatuh tempo pembayaran dapat diketahui. Sedangkan variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah permintaan kredit kendaraan bermotor roda dua di Adira Finance Kota Pontianak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan menguji pengaruh suku bunga, jangka waktu dan uang muka terhadap permintaan kredit kendaraan bermotor roda dua di Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk meneliti dan menemukan informasi dari suatu fenomena yaitu kredit kendaraan bermotor roda dua. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data panel yaitu cross section jumlah kredit kendaraan bermotor yang terdapat pada adira dan time series, jangka waktu pengembalian kredit. Sedangkan metode analisis menggunakan analisis berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Nilai R-Square atau koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,514 atau 51,40 %. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa persentase sumbangan pengaruh variabel independen (suku bunga, uang muka dan jangka waktu) terhadap variabel dependen (tingkat permintaan kredit kendaraan bermotor roda dua) adalah sebesar 51,40 %. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 48,60 % dipengaruhi (dijelaskan) oleh varabel lain yang tidak ada dalam model penelitian ini. Kata Kunci : suku bunga, jangka waktu, uang muka dan permintaan kredit kendaraan bermotor roda dua
Within‐Breath Control of Genioglossal Muscle Activation in Humans: Effect of Sleep‐Wake State

Pharyngeal dilator muscles are clearly important in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Substantial data support the role of a local negative pressure reflex in modifying genioglossal activation across inspiration during wakefulness. Using a model of passive negative pressure ventilation, we have previously reported a tight relationship between varying intrapharyngeal negative pressures and genioglossal muscle activation (GGEMG) during wakefulness. In this study, we used this model to examine the slope of the relationship between epiglottic pressure (Pepi) and GGEMG, during stable NREM sleep and the transition from wakefulness to sleep. We found that there was a constant relationship between negative epiglottic pressure and GGEMG during both basal breathing (BB) and negative pressure ventilation (NPV) during wakefulness (slope GGEMG/Pepi 1.86 ± 0.3 vs. 1.79 ± 0.3 arbitrary units (a.u.) cmH2O−1). However, while this relationship remained stable during NREM sleep during BB, it was markedly reduced during NPV during sleep (2.27 ± 0.4 vs. 0.58 ± 0.1 a.u. cmH2O−1). This was associated with a markedly higher pharyngeal airflow resistance during sleep during NPV. At the transition from wakefulness to sleep there was also a greater reduction in peak GGEMG seen during NPV than during BB. These data suggest that while the negative pressure reflex is able to maintain GGEMG during passive NPV during wakefulness, this reflex is unable to do so during sleep. The loss of this protective mechanism during sleep suggests that an airway dependent upon such mechanisms (as in the patient with sleep apnoea) will be prone to collapse during sleep.
How do working mothers negotiate the work-home interface?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the tactics that mid-career professional working mothers use to improve their work-home balance. Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative study used in-depth interviews with 63 Brazilian professional working mothers aged between 37 and 55, having at least one child under the age of 18, and living in dual-career households. The interviews were content analyzed. Findings – The study reported four dimensions of boundary work tactics (behavioral, temporal, physical, and communicative) that mid-career working mothers adopted to construct a satisfying level of segmentation or integration between work and home. Research limitations/implications – The study suggests individual tactics for actively constructing a generalized work-home state that can be adopted by working mothers. Additionally, the authors suggest that HR managers should develop work-home balance programs that provide policies that adjust to the work-home boundary preferences for those mothers .
Liquid Crystalline Behavior and Related Properties of Colloidal Systems of Inorganic Oxide Nanosheets

Inorganic layered crystals exemplified by clay minerals can be exfoliated in solvents to form colloidal dispersions of extremely thin inorganic layers that are called nanosheets. The obtained “nanosheet colloids” form lyotropic liquid crystals because of the highly anisotropic shape of the nanosheets. This system is a rare example of liquid crystals consisting of inorganic crystalline mesogens. Nanosheet colloids of photocatalytically active semiconducting oxides can exhibit unusual photoresponses that are not observed for organic liquid crystals. This review summarizes experimental work on the phase behavior of the nanosheet colloids as well as photochemical reactions observed in the clay and semiconducting nanosheets system.