Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cross-cultural study of the work/nonwork interface among Israeli nurses

Cette recherche analyse les effets differentiels des exigences du travail et du hors-travail et de la gestion des roles sur le conflit travail/hors-travail, le projet de demission, la demission et l’absenteisme dans trois groupes ethniques. Des questionnaires ont ete proposes a des infirmieres juives (N= 102), musulmanes (N= 88) et chretiennes (N= 50) dans trois hopitaux israeliens. Des renseignements objectifs sur l’absenteisme et le turnover ont ete obtenus aupres de l’administration de ces hopitaux. Certaines liaisons parmi les variables de travail et de hors-travail differaient selon le groupe ethnique. Par exemple, l’emploi a plein temps influencait le conflit travail/hors-travail seulement chez les Juives et le controle hierarchique avaient des effets opposes dans deux groupes. Davantage d’enfants entrainait plus de projets de demission chez les Arabes et moins chez les Juives. Plus de prise en charge personnelle provoquait moins de demissions reelles pour les Arabes et plus pour les Juives. Pour ce qui est du taux d’absenteisme, le controle hierarchique et les pressions emanant du travail avaient des effets favorables chez les Arabes et des effects inverses mais plus faibles chez les Juives; le resultat est le meme en ce qui concerne le soutien organisationnel. Ces observations doivent rendre prudents les specialistes des sciences-humaines quand il s’agit d’extrapoler a d’autres situations culturelles les relations travail/hors-travail decouvertes dans une societe. This study examined the differential effects of both work and nonwork demands and inter-role management on work/nonwork conflict, turnover intention, turnover, and absenteeism across three ethnic groups. Data from Jewish (N= 102), Muslim (N= 88), and Christian (N= 50) female nurses at three Israeli hospitals were collected by survey questionnaires. Objective data on absenteeism and turnover were collected from the hospitals’ records. Several relationships among the work and nonwork variables differed across the ethnic groups. For example, full-time employment had an effect on work/nonwork conflict only for Jews and supervision had opposite effects across the two groups. More children meant more intention of turnover among Arabs and less among Jews. More personal coping meant lower actual turnover for Arabs and higher turnover for Jews. In the case of absence frequency, supervision and job tension had favorable effects for Arabs and smaller, adverse effects for Jews. Organisational support had a favorable effect for Arabs and a smaller, adverse effect for Jews. The findings serve to caution social scientists about generalising work and nonwork relationships identified in one society to other cultural settings.
Polymer gel dosimetry close to an 125I interstitial brachytherapy seed

Despite its advantages, the polymer gel–magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method has not, as yet, been successfully employed in dosimetry of low energy/low dose rate photon-emitting brachytherapy sources such as 125I or 103Pd interstitial seeds. In the present work, two commercially available 125I seed sources, each of approximately 0.5 U, were positioned at two different locations of a polymer gel filled vial. The gel vial was MR scanned with the sources in place 19 and 36 days after seed implantation. Calibration curves were acquired from the coupling of MRI measurements with accurate Monte Carlo dose calculations obtained simulating the exact experimental setup geometry and materials. The obtained gel response data imply that while linearity of response is sustained, sensitivity (calibration curve slope) is significantly increased (approximately 60%) compared to its typical value for the 192Ir (or 60Co and 6 MV LINAC) photon energies. Water equivalence and relative energy response corrections of the gel cannot account for more than 3–4% of this increase, which, therefore, has to be mainly attributed to physicochemical processes related to the low dose rate of the sources and the associated prolonged irradiation time. The calibration data obtained from one 125I source were used to provide absolute dosimetry results for the other 125I source, which were found to agree with corresponding Monte Carlo calculations within experimental uncertainties. It is therefore suggested that, regardless of the underlying factors accounting for the gel dose response to 125I irradiations, polymer gel dosimetry of new 125I or 103Pd sources should be carried out as originally proposed by Heard and Ibbot (2004 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 3 221–3), i.e., by irradiating the same gel sample with the new low dose rate source, as well as with a well-characterized low dose rate source which will provide the dose calibration curve for the same irradiation conditions.
Congenital Aneurysm of the Left Aortic Sinus: A Rare Lesion and a Rare Cause of Coronary Insufficiency

AN aneurysm restricted to the left aortic 1A.t sinus is extremely rare. Aneurysms of an aortic sinus most often involve the right (related to the right coronary artery) or the posterior (noncoronary) sinuses. The left aortic sinus may participate with the other two in aneurysmal dilatation, such as occurs in the Marfan syndrome. Described in this communication is an aneurysm that involved the territory of the left aortic sinus in a patient with a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve. The purposes of this report are to demonstrate that an aneurysm may occur in this region and to indicate that by displacing and compressing the left coronary artery, the aneurysm was responsible for coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction.
Host PrP Glycosylation: A Major Factor Determining the Outcome of Prion Infection

The expression of the prion protein (PrP) is essential for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) or prion diseases to occur, but the underlying mechanism of infection remains unresolved. To address the hypothesis that glycosylation of host PrP is a major factor influencing TSE infection, we have inoculated gene-targeted transgenic mice that have restricted N-linked glycosylation of PrP with three TSE strains. We have uniquely demonstrated that mice expressing only unglycosylated PrP can sustain a TSE infection, despite altered cellular location of the host PrP. Moreover we have shown that brain material from mice infected with TSE that have only unglycosylated PrPSc is capable of transmitting infection to wild-type mice, demonstrating that glycosylation of PrP is not essential for establishing infection within a host or for transmitting TSE infectivity to a new host. We have further dissected the requirement of each glycosylation site and have shown that different TSE strains have dramatically different requirements for each of the glycosylation sites of host PrP, and moreover, we have shown that the host PrP has a major role in determining the glycosylation state of de novo generated PrPSc.
Inter-lingual homograph letter detection in mixed language text: Persistent missing-letter effects and the effect of language switching*

Heretofore, we learned that bilinguals better detected letters in inter-lingual homographs when the context language ascribed a content role to the homograph as compared to a function role. In previous work the target homographs appeared in passages that were of a single language. The present work investigated whether this letter detection pattern would hold if both languages were activated by intermixing languages in a passage. Results suggested that despite intermixing of languages that would excite competing function and content meanings, local sentence context was sufficient to engender a content over function word advantage for inter-lingual homographs that was reminiscent of that obtained with homogenous text.
Conditioned Regression Models for Non-blind Single Image Super-Resolution

Single image super-resolution is an important task in the field of computer vision and finds many practical applications. Current state-of-the-art methods typically rely on machine learning algorithms to infer a mapping from low-to high-resolution images. These methods use a single fixed blur kernel during training and, consequently, assume the exact same kernel underlying the image formation process for all test images. However, this setting is not realistic for practical applications, because the blur is typically different for each test image. In this paper, we loosen this restrictive constraint and propose conditioned regression models (including convolutional neural networks and random forests) that can effectively exploit the additional kernel information during both, training and inference. This allows for training a single model, while previous methods need to be re-trained for every blur kernel individually to achieve good results, which we demonstrate in our evaluations. We also empirically show that the proposed conditioned regression models (i) can effectively handle scenarios where the blur kernel is different for each image and (ii) outperform related approaches trained for only a single kernel.
Reducing Adverse Selection through Customer Relationship Management

Adverse selection is an important problem for marketers. To reduce the chances of acquiring an unprofitable customer, companies may screen prospects who respond to a marketing offer. Prospects who respond are often not approved. At the same time, prospects who are likely to be approved are unlikely to respond to a given marketing offer. Using data from a firm's customer relationship management system, the authors show how to target prospects who are likely to respond and be approved. This approach increases the number of customers who are approved and reduces the number of applicants who may defect after being turned down. This method can be extended to new customer acquisition and more effective targeting of costly promotions to migrate customers to higher levels of lifetime value.
Sequential changes of cerebrospinal fluid sodium during the development of hypertension in Dahl rats.

The role of sodium retention and consequent changes in cerebrospinal fluid sodium concentration in the genesis of hypertension in Dahl rats was evaluated. Dahl salt-sensitive (DS, n = 7), Dahl salt-resistant (DR, n = 7), and Sprague-Dawley (n = 6) rats were housed in metabolic cages and instrumented with a stainless steel cannula in the cisterna magna and a femoral arterial catheter. A blood sample was drawn daily (200 microliters), and cerebrospinal fluid was collected by continuous 24-hour withdrawal (200 microliters/day). Daily sodium, potassium, and water balances were also determined. Rats were studied sequentially on 0.4%, 4%, and 8% sodium diets (7 days per sodium level). Mean arterial pressure increased with 4% NaCl from 107 to 120 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) over 24 hours in DS rats and remained at about that level until the NaCl was increased to 8%, which resulted in a gradual rise of mean arterial pressure over the next 7 days to 135 mm Hg. Cerebrospinal fluid sodium was unchanged in DR and Sprague-Dawley rats fed 4% or 8% sodium, but in DS rats rose from 152.3 to 155.2 +/- 0.6 meq/l on the third day at 4% sodium and remained elevated over the next 2 weeks of study. Blood sodium was unchanged throughout the study in all groups. On the first day only of the 4% and 8% sodium diets, both DS and DR rats exhibited a similar net retention of sodium, which was greater than the Sprague-Dawley rats (p less than 0.05). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BuChE‐K and APOE ϵ4 allele frequencies in Lewy body dementias, and influence of genotype and hyperhomocysteinemia on cognitive decline

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and butyrylcholinesterase‐K (BuChE‐K) are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. The primary objective was to evaluate frequencies of these alleles in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). A secondary objective was to evaluate influences on rate of cognitive decline. This analysis used data from participants consenting to pharmacogenetic testing in placebo‐controlled rivastigmine studies. Allele frequencies in DLB and PDD were compared using logistic regression. Within the PDD placebo sample, associations with cognitive decline were evaluated (the DLB sample was too small for these evaluations). Fifty‐seven DLB and 323 PDD subjects provided APOE and BuChE data. Allelic frequencies were higher in DLB, relative to PDD subjects, for BuChE‐K (P = 0.06), APOE ε4 (P < 0.001), or both alleles together (P < 0.001). More rapid cognitive decline was seen in PDD patients carrying both alleles, compared with other genotypes. Subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia were associated with more rapid decline in the presence of BuChE‐K, with or without APOE ε4. These results suggest that genetic and biochemical risk factors for AD and PDD pathology may be important in dementia onset and progression in these Lewy body disorders. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Genetic control of chromosome pairing in wheat.

OTHER WHEAT GENES AFFECTING PAIRING . 37 Promoters of Pairing 37 Suppressors of Pairing 38 GENES IN OTHER SPECIES THAT AFFECT PAIRING 39 THE EFFECT OF ACCESSORY CHROMOSOMES , 40
Journalistiek zonder infrastructuur: een reële optie?

Dutch media are facing decreasing revenues and size of editorial staff. Inviting ‘ordinary’ citizens to participate in the process of newsgathering is one possibility to cope with these problems. Experiences with citizen journalism and user-generated content, however, are mixed. Journalistic quality is often lacking while moderation proved to be more costly than expected. Possible explanation could be reluctance by incumbent media to accept ‘amateurs’ as co-operators or the insufficient skills of citizen journalists. But also the fact that amateurs are not paid for their efforts, don’t have legal protection or support from colleagues and were not subjected to job socialization, could explain why the results of amateurs’ contributions are disappointing so far.
Critically Reflective Inquiry and Administrator Preparation: Problems and Possibilities

The Holmes Group's concept of professional development schools challenges conventional assumptions about how practitioners acquire knowledge of educational practice and how theory and practice are related. This article examines these different assumptions and their implications for administrator preparation in professional development schools by analyzing case studies of a problem-based administrative seminar and inquiry-oriented teacher education programs. To address the dilemmas revealed by the case studies in integrating theory and practice and reconceptualizing roles and relationships, the article discusses conditions for fostering collaborative inquiries into problems of practice by student administrators, university faculty, and cooperating school administrators.
The Hierarchy of Preference Toward Disability Groups

of the disabled is the attitude of the public toward them. A person with a disability may be well prepared to perform a job and to cope with normal life situations, yet be unable to find employment because of prospective employers’ attitudes toward his disability. He may also have difficulty in interpersonal relations because people are reacting to their conceptions of disabled persons rather than to the person himself. An understanding of the public’s attitudes toward various disability groups is necessary to aid us in our attempts to help the disabled adjust to normal life. Conley (1965) refers to the “wall of prejudice” (p. 123) that hampers even the most motivated and capable of the disabled, who are characterized as different from and usually as inferior (Wright, 1960) to non-disabled persons. In this sense, the disabled can be considered an underprivileged minority group (Barker, 1948) and many of the attitudes and prejudices directed toward racial and religious groups have also been directed toward the disabled. Krech & Crutchfield (1948, p. 476) have stated that there are two major common characteristics of racial prejudice, despite the varied personal experiences, needs, socioeconomic standings, and cultural backgrounds of Americans. These two major characteristics are: (1) a firmly fixed hierarchy of racial preference, and (2) a stereotyped conception of various ethnic groups. If there is a general prejudice against any or all disability groups, then a hierarchy of preference among specific groups should exist. It would then follow that the least-preferred disability groups would experience the greatest difficulty in becoming part of the comThe Hierarchy of Preference Toward Disability Groups JOHN L. TRINGO, Ph.D. University of Kentucky
Group Decision Making in OSS : A Dialectic Perspective on Herding Emergent Research Forum paper

Herding behavior in group (collaborative) decision making has been studied purely as imitation of others and discounting own information. However, collaboration is a dynamic process and decision making should be viewed with this dynamic in mind. Drawing on the "The Laws of Imitation" from sociology, we offer a new perspective to understand herding behavior in group decision making. By acknowledging the tension between imitation (respectively counter-imitation) and invention, we conceptualize herd behavior as a dialectic process. This research-in-progress aims at offering a theoretical framework for explaining the dialectic relation between imitation (respectively counter-imitation) and invention. We describe the dialectic process of problem-solving using cases from GitHub. Our research contributes to existing literature by acknowledging that before convergence towards a solution i.e. herding as an outcome, there is a dialectic process. We are offering a research model for dialectic problem-solving within OSS context.
Fidelity of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase IV

Escherichia coli DNA polymerase IV (pol IV), a member of the error-prone Y family, predominantly generates −1 frameshifts when copying DNA in vitro. T → G transversions and T → C transitions are the most frequent base substitutions observed. The in vitro data agree with mutational spectra obtained when pol IV is overexpressed in vivo. Single base deletion and base substitution rates measured in the lacZα gene in vitro are, on average, 2 × 10−4 and 5 × 10−5, respectively. The range of misincorporation and mismatch extension efficiencies determined kinetically are 10−3 to 10−5. The presence of β sliding clamp and γ-complex clamp loading proteins strongly enhance pol IV processivity but have no discernible influence on fidelity. By analyzing changes in fluorescence of a 2-aminopurine template base undergoing replication in real time, we show that a “dNTP-stabilized” misalignment mechanism is responsible for making −1 frameshift mutations on undamaged DNA. In this mechanism, a dNTP substrate is paired “correctly” opposite a downstream template base, on a “looped out” template strand instead of mispairing opposite a next available template base. By using the same mechanism, pol IV “skips” past an abasic template lesion to generate a −1 frameshift. A crystal structure depicting dNTP-stabilized misalignment was reported recently for Sulfolubus solfataricus Dpo4, a Y family homolog of Escherichia coli pol IV.
Brains and Games

Organizational research has seen several calls for the incorporation of neuroscience techniques. The aim of this article is to describe the methods of neuroeconomics and the promises of applying these methods to organizational research problems. To this end, the most important neuroeconomics techniques will be described, along with four specific examples of how these methods can greatly benefit theory development, testing, and pruning in the organizational sciences. The article concludes by contrasting the benefits and limitations of neuroeconomics and by discussing implications for future research.
Estimating Heterogeneous Causal Effects with Time-Varying Treatments and Time-Varying Effect Moderators : Structural Nested Mean Models and Regression-with-Residuals

Individuals differ in how they respond to a particular treatment or exposure, and social scientists are often interested in understanding how treatment effects are moderated by observed characteristics of individuals. Effect moderation occurs when individual covariates dampen or amplify the effect of some exposure. This article focuses on estimating moderated causal effects in longitudinal settings where both the treatment and effect moderator vary over time. Effect moderation is typically examined using covariate by treatment interactions in regression analyses, but in the longitudinal setting, this approach is problematic because timevarying moderators of future treatment may be affected by prior treatment—that is, moderators may also be mediators—and conditioning on a mediator of prior treatment in a conventional regression model can lead to bias. This article introduces moderated intermediate causal effects and the structural nested mean model for analyzing effect heterogeneity in the longitudinal setting. It discusses problems with conventional regression and presents a new approach to estimation that avoids these problems (regression-with-residuals). The method is illustrated using longitudinal data from the PSID to examine whether the effects of time-varying exposures to poor neighborhoods on the risk of adolescent childbearing are moderated by time-varying family income. Estimating Heterogeneous Causal Effects with Time-Varying Treatments and Effect Moderators 3
Negative Life Events, Psychosocial Resources, and Psychophysiological Symptoms in Adolescents

Negative life events have been linked to physical and emotional problems in adolescents, but there is little research on factors that may modify the relationship between these events and adolescent health. We investigated contributions of personal, family, and peer resources in protecting adolescents from psychophysiological symptoms associated with negative life events. Participants were 123 new patients at an adolescent outpatient medical clinic. Results provided evidence that perceived personal efficacy, peer support, and family cohesion have direct effects on the symptom levels of males and females. For males, the interaction between peer support and negative life events indicated that peer support was a buffer against stress. For females, high peer support did not buffer stress, and low peer support was associated with high symptom levels regardless of frequency of negative life events. Low family cohesion was associated with high symptom levels for both males and females in the absence of negative l.
Low‐Income Hispanic Parents' Contributions to Their First‐Grade Children's Word‐Recognition Skills

This article investigates the role Hispanic parents played in nine first-grade children's acquisition of word-recognition skills. Two parents, by directly helping children learn the school's reading curriculum, made the greatest contribution to children's achievement. All parents, despite their low socioeconomic status, were capable of helping their children and expressed willingness to do so. However, there was no systematic attempt by the school to enlist their aid. The significance of these findings for the education of minority children is discussed.