Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Aptitude Test Score And Sales Personnel’s Performance

The purpose of th e study i s to assess and predict the relationship between aptitude test score and sales personnel’s performance. The target population comprised of sales personnel’s of both sexes between the ages of 21 and 40 who have worked for a minimum of 2 years in the banking industry and in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data were gathered on job applicants who took the aptitude test and were hired between January of 2008 and December of 2009. The findings revealed that, there is a significant positive relationship between aptitude test score and sales personnel performance whiles there is a negative relationship between age and aptitude test score. The study suggests that the aptitude test should be improved to measure the knowledge and skill required by banks, or discarded as a medium of selecting sales personnel’s.
Neuroprotective Treatment With FK506 Reduces Hippocampal Damage and Prevents Learning and Memory Deficits After Transient Global Ischemia in Rat

Background: Behavioral studies on animals demonstrated that hippocampal damage could produce learning and memory impairments particularly spatial learning. It has been shown that ischemic damage restricted to only 50% of the CA1 cells of the hippocampus exceed the threshold for production of a behavioral impairment. Objectives: In this study we seek to evaluate the effect of FK506 (tacrolimus) on spatial learning of rats subjected to 20-min global transient ischemia/reperfusion. Material and Methods: In treatment group 2, FK506 (1mg/kg) was given intravenously (IV) 20 minutes before ischemia and in treatment group 3 rats were treated with the same dose of tacrolimus (IV) at the beginning of reperfusion. Morris water maze tests were performed 1 week after ischemia for 4 days. Brain tissue proceeded to TUNEL staining. Results: Our data showed; 1) No statistically significant differences were seen between the treatment group 2 and the control (intact) group thus, this suggests that treatment of ischemia with tacrolimus can improve spatial learning and memory. 2) Tacrolimus treatment ameliorated the increase of TUNEL–positive cells induced by cerebral ischemia indicating the neuro-protective properties of FK506. Conclusions: These results suggest that tacrolimus may reduce cognitive impairment and may be a good candidate for treatment of ischemic brain damage.
Electroacupuncture, morphine and clonidine: a comparative study of analgesic effects.

This is a comparative study of the analgesic effects of the modified traditional method of analgesia, electroacupuncture (EA), a standard analgesic drug, morphine, a potential analgesic drug, clonidine and the combination of EA + morphine and EA + clonidine. In each case, the index of analgesia (IA) was determined by recording the tail flick latency (TFL) in 60 rats divided into 6 groups of 10 rats each. Group I rats served as control group while Group II-VI were subjected to EA for 20 min (at Zusanli and Kunlun points), morphine (5 mg/kg bw i.p.), clonidine (150 micrograms/kg bw i.p.), EA + morphine and EA + clonidine respectively. TFLs were recorded after the procedure and at 10 min intervals for 150 min or til the TFL returned to¿ the baseline. The IA, analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its significance determined by multiple comparison test (at 5% level), was found to be significantly different, at various time intervals, in the 6 groups studied.
The GRACE french part-of-speech tagging evaluation task

The GRACE evaluation program aims at applying the Evaluation Paradigm to the evaluation of Part-of-Speech taggers for French. An interesting by-product of GRACE is the production of validated language resources necessary for the evaluation. After a brief recall of the origins and the nature of the Evaluation Paradigm, we show how it relates to other national and international initiatives. We then present the now ending GRACE evaluation campaign and describe its four main components (corpus building, tagging procedure, lexicon building, evaluation procedure), as well as its internal organization.
Combining Outputs from Multiple Machine Translation Systems

Currently there are several approaches to machine translation (MT) based on different paradigms; e.g., phrasal, hierarchical and syntax-based. These three approaches yield similar translation accuracy despite using fairly different levels of linguistic knowledge. The availability of such a variety of systems has led to a growing interest toward finding better translations by combining outputs from multiple systems. This paper describes three different approaches to MT system combination. These combination methods operate on sentence, phrase and word level exploiting information from -best lists, system scores and target-to-source phrase alignments. The word-level combination provides the most robust gains but the best results on the development test sets (NIST MT05 and the newsgroup portion of GALE 2006 dry-run) were achieved by combining all three methods.
Cyt1A from Bacillus thuringiensis Restores Toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus Against Resistant Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract The 2362 strain of Bacillus sphaericus, which produces a binary toxin highly active against Culex mosquitoes, has been developed recently as a commercial larvicide. It is being used currently in operational mosquito control programs in several countries including Brazil, France, India, and the United States. Laboratory studies have shown that mosquitoes can develop resistance to B. sphaericus, and low levels of resistance have already been reported in field populations in Brazil, France, and India. To develop tools for resistance management, the Cyt1A protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis De Barjac was evaluated for its ability to suppress resistance to B. sphaericus in a highly resistant population of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. A combination of B. sphaericus 2362 in a 10:1 ratio with a strain of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis that only produces Cyt1A reduced resistance by >30,000-fold. Resistance was suppressed completely when B. sphaericus was combined with purified Cyt1A crystals in a 10:1 ratio. Synergism was observed between the Cyt1A toxin and B. sphaericus against the resistant mosquito population and accounted for the marked reduction in resistance. However, no synergism was observed between the toxins against a nonresistant mosquito population. These results indicate that Cyt1A could be useful for managing resistance to B. sphaericus 2362 in Culex populations, and also provide additional evidence that Cyt1A may synergize toxicity by enhancing the binding to and insertion of toxins into the mosquito microvillar membrane.
Identifying mechanic measures that best predict air-pistol shooting performance

Key shooting mechanic measures were selected to identify how the measures were related to performance. Ten national-standard air-pistol shooters performed 60 simulated competition shots using their normal shooting procedures. An optoelectronic shooting system (NOPTEL ST 2000) was used to collect shooting mechanic measures and score. Multiple regression analysis results found the factors hold and aim to be important criterion. Hold and aim represented 48% of the total variance of the shooting score. The mechanic measure, Hitr (a measure of hold and smoothness of triggering which assesses the percent of time aiming in an area the size of the nine-ring when centred over the actual shot) was the most important individual criterion, representing 33% of the variance of the shooting score. Principal component analysis identified important measures and how they grouped among like measures. The results identified three factors which provide information on air-pistol shooting. First, hold described the ability to maintain the aiming point on the target. Second, time of hold described the amount of time the aiming point was on target. Third, aiming described accuracy of pointing the pistol onto the target. These measures reflect important information that should be used by the athlete during training.
Depression in Parkinson’s disease: Health risks, etiology, and treatment options

Depression is found in about 30%–40% of all patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but only a small percentage (about 20%) receive treatment. As a consequence, many PD patients suffer with reduced health-related quality of life. To address quality of life in depressed PD patients, we reviewed the literature on the health correlates of depression in PD (eg, cognitive function), etiology of depression in PD, and treatment options (ie, antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychotherapy). The current review is unique in its focus on psychosocial aspects, as well as neuropathological factors, of depression in PD. Overall, we conclude that neurochemical (eg, serotonin) and psychosocial factors (eg, coping style, self-esteem, and social support) contribute to the affective disturbances found in this neuropsychiatric population. Therefore, we recommend that a multidisciplinary (eg, pharmacotherapeutic, psychoeducational, and/or psychotherapeutic) approach to treatment be taken with depressed PD patients.
PENGARUH GAYA KOGNITIF DAN GENDER TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to determine the effect of cognitive style and gender on mathematical problem solving ability. This research is an expost facto research. The students of Mathematics Education Department of Universitas Sulawesi Barat who program the trigonometric course were made population in this research. Data were collected by documentation dan test techniques. Documentation was used to obtain data of gender. GEFT test and problem solving ability test were used by researcher. The technique of data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that (a) cognitive style influenced the mathematical problem solving ability with significantly; (b) gender has no effect on the mathematical problem solving ability; (c) cognitive and gender styles together have a significant effect on mathematical problem-solving ability. Keywords: Cognitive Style, Gender, Mathematical Problem Solving Ability
Factors Associated With Upper Extremity Motor Recovery After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Stroke Patients

Objective To determine factors associated with motor recovery of the upper extremity after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment in stroke patients. Methods Twenty-nine patients with subacute stroke participated in this study. rTMS was applied to the hand motor cortex for 10 minutes at a 110% resting motor threshold and 10 Hz frequency for two weeks. We evaluated the biographical, neurological, clinical, and functional variables, in addition to the motor-evoked potential (MEP) response. The Manual Function Test (MFT) was performed before, immediately after, and two weeks after, the treatment. Patients were divided into a responder and non-responder group according to their respective improvements on the MFT. Data were compared between the two groups. Results Patients with exclusively subcortical stroke, absence of aphasia, the presence of a MEP response, high scores on the Mini-Mental Status Examination, Motricity Index arm score, Functional Independence Measure, and Functional Ambulatory Classification; and a shorter period from stroke onset to rTMS were found to be significantly associated with a response to rTMS. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that rTMS may have a greater effect on upper extremity motor recovery in stroke patients who have a MEP response, suffer an exclusively subcortical stroke, mild paresis, and have good functional status. Applying rTMS early would have additional positive effects in the patients with the identified characteristics.
Perspectives on Open Science and Scientific Data Sharing: An Interdisciplinary Workshop

Looking at Open Science and Open Data from a broad perspective. This is the idea behind "Scientific data sharing: an interdisciplinary workshop", an initiative designed to foster dialogue between scholars from different scientific domains which was organized by the Istituto Italiano di Antropologia in Anagni, Italy, 2-4 September 2013.We here report summaries of the presentations and discussions at the meeting. They deal with four sets of issues: (i) setting a common framework, a general discussion of open data principles, values and opportunities; (ii) insights into scientific practices, a view of the way in which the open data movement is developing in a variety of scientific domains (biology, psychology, epidemiology and archaeology); (iii) a case study of human genomics, which was a trail-blazer in data sharing, and which encapsulates the tension that can occur between large-scale data sharing and one of the boundaries of openness, the protection of individual data; (iv) open science and the public, based on a round table discussion about the public communication of science and the societal implications of open science. There were three proposals for the planning of further interdisciplinary initiatives on open science. Firstly, there is a need to integrate top-down initiatives by governments, institutions and journals with bottom-up approaches from the scientific community. Secondly, more should be done to popularize the societal benefits of open science, not only in providing the evidence needed by citizens to draw their own conclusions on scientific issues that are of concern to them, but also explaining the direct benefits of data sharing in areas such as the control of infectious disease. Finally, introducing arguments from social sciences and humanities in the educational dissemination of open data may help students become more profoundly engaged with Open Science and look at science from a broader perspective.
CD45RA Distinguishes CD4+CD25+CD127−/low TSDR Demethylated Regulatory T Cell Subpopulations With Differential Stability and Susceptibility to Tacrolimus-Mediated Inhibition of Suppression

BackgroundAdoptive transfer of forkhead box protein (FOX)3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells offers a promising strategy to reduce damage to an allograft by the recipient's immune system. Identification of cell surface markers sufficient to purify Treg cells expanded ex vivo to remove cellular contaminants requires optimization. Furthermore, the expanded Treg must be able to survive, expand, and suppress in allograft recipients exposed to immunosuppressants, such as tacrolimus (TAC). Reduced CD127 expression enhances identification of Treg in the human CD4+CD25+ population. CD45RA expression identifies naive CD4+CD25+ Treg with an enhanced stability of Treg phenotype. MethodsWe combine an analysis of CD45RA, CD25, and CD127 expression to identify subpopulations of CD4+CD127−/loCD25+ cells. Regulatory T cells were sorted according to expression of CD25 and CD45RA and expanded in the presence of a physiological relevant concentration of TAC. Regulatory T cell–specific demethylation region (TSDR) demethylation, FOXP3 expression, and suppression were analyzed. ResultsCD4+CD127−/loCD25+CD45RA+ Treg cells had a stable TSDR demethylated FOXP3+ phenotype after expansion whereas CD4+CD127lo/−CD25+CD45RA− Treg cell lost the TSDR demethylated phenotype. CD45RA− Treg had a greater capacity to suppress after expansion with TAC. ConclusionsAlthough CD45RA− Treg retained a greater suppressive capacity when expanded with TAC, the marked loss of the TSDR demethylated status highlights the potential for loss of stability of these cells in transplant recipients treated with TAC based immunosuppression. We show that a population of CD4+CD127−/loCD45RA+ Regulatory T cell may offer the best compromise between susceptibility to loss of suppression when exposed to TAC and maintenance of a TSDR demethylated phenotype following in vitro expansion.
Concealed renal insufficiency and adverse drug reactions in elderly hospitalized patients.

BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common causes of in-hospital complications for elderly people. The purpose of the present study is to verify whether concealed renal insufficiency, that is, reduction of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in people with normal serum creatinine levels, is a risk factor for ADRs in elderly hospitalized patients. METHODS We used data on 11,687 hospitalized patients enrolled in the Gruppo Italiano di Farmacovigilanza nell'Anziano study. The outcomes of the study were any ADR, ADR to hydrosoluble drugs, and ADR to any other drug during the hospital stay. We compared 3 groups: normal renal function (normal serum creatinine levels and normal estimated GFRs), concealed (normal serum creatinine levels and reduced estimated GFRs), or overt (increased creatinine levels and reduced estimated GFRs) renal insufficiency. The relationship between renal function and ADR was evaluated using contingency tables and multiple regression analysis including potential confounders. RESULTS Concealed renal insufficiency was detected in 1631 (13.9%) patients and was frequently associated with male sex and poor nutritional status. Hydrosoluble drugs were responsible for 301 of the 941 recorded ADRs. After adjusting for potential confounders, both concealed (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.25) and overt (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.54-2.65) renal failure were associated with ADR to hydrosoluble drugs, but not with ADR to other drugs (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.65-1.08], and OR, 1.01 [95%CI, 0.83-1.23], respectively). CONCLUSION Older hospitalized patients frequently have impaired renal function despite normal serum creatinine levels and are exposed to an increased risk of ADRs to hydrosoluble drugs.
Tracing Autism: Uncertainty, Ambiguity, and the Affective Labor of Neuroscience

In Tracing Autism, Des Fitzgerald offers an up-close account of the search for a neurological explanation of autism. As autism has gained cultural prominence with more diagnoses and more controversy, its biological causes remain elusive. Through in-depth interviews with neuroscientists, psychologists, and psychiatrists, Fitzgerald examines what it means to do scientific research in the ambiguous terrain of autism research, a field marked by shifting horizons of uncertainty and ambivalence. He draws out how autism scientists talk and feel their way through their research, demonstrating its profoundly affective character, and expanding our understanding of what is at stake in the new brain sciences.
The Teacher, the Text, and the Context: Factors That Influence Elementary Students' Motivation To Write. Reading Research Report No. 59.

A study investigated the writing motivation of 145 thirdand fifth-grade students. Because self-perceived competence and task value interact in important ways to influence an individual's motivation, these two constructs were used as the basis for measuring children's motivation to write. Students responded to the Motivation to Write Scale (MWS), a 2-part survey designed to tap students' self-perceived competence as writers and the value they place in writing. In addition, 80 students participated in an interview to discuss their writing experiences. Classroom observations were conducted to learn more about the typical writing activities of these students. A qualitative analysis revealed the important role of three factors in students' writing motivation: the teacher, the type of text students encounter, and the classroom context. (Contains 37 references and 4 tables of data. Appendixes present a classroom observation form, the Motivation to Write Scale, interview questions, teacher survey, data, and a scoring rubric.) (Author/RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Comparison of wavelet approximation order in different smoothness spaces

In linear approximation by wavelet, we approximate a given function by a finite term from the wavelet series. The approximation order is improved if the order of smoothness of the given function is improved, discussed by Cohen (2003), DeVore (1998), and Siddiqi (2004). But in the case of nonlinear approximation, the approximation order is improved quicker than that in linear case. In this study we proved this assumption only for the Haar wavelet. Haar function is an example of wavelet and this fundamental example gives major feature of the general wavelet. A nonlinear space comes from arbitrary selection of wavelet coefficients, which represent the target function almost equally. In this case our computational work will be reduced tremendously in the sense that approximation error decays more quickly than that in linear case.
I Nnovative Activity and Sunk Cost

We analyze innovative activity in a general framework with time-dependent rewards and sunk costs. When firms are identical, innovation is delayed by an increase in the number of firms or a decrease in the size of the reward. When one firm has higher profit potential, it is more likely to innovate first. Our framework generalizes an all-pay auction; however, we show that under certain conditions there is qualitatively different equilibrium behavior.  2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D44; O31; O32
Accurate Determination of the Mass Distribution in Spiral Galaxies. II. Testing the Shape of Dark Halos

New high-resolution Fabry-Perot data at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope combined with published VLA 21 cm observations are used to determine the mass distribution of NGC 3109 and IC 2574. The multiwavelength rotation curves allow us to test with confidence different dark halo functional forms from the pseudoisothermal sphere to some popular halo distributions motivated by cold dark matter N-body simulations. It appears that the density distributions with high central concentration, predicted by these simulations, are very hard to reconcile with rotation curves of late-type spiral galaxies. Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is also considered a potential solution to missing mass and is tested the same way. Using the higher resolution Hα data and new H I data for NGC 3109, one can see that MOND can reproduce in detail the rotation curves of IC 2574 and NGC 3109. However, the value for the MOND universal constant is ∼2 times larger than the value found for more massive spiral galaxies.
A Phase II Study of Fornix Deep Brain Stimulation in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to modulate the activity of dysfunctional brain circuits. The safety and efficacy of DBS in dementia is unknown. Objective: To assess DBS of memory circuits as a treatment for patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: We evaluated active “on” versus sham “off” bilateral DBS directed at the fornix-a major fiber bundle in the brain’s memory circuit-in a randomized, double-blind trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01608061) in 42 patients with mild AD. We measured cognitive function and cerebral glucose metabolism up to 12 months post-implantation. Results: Surgery and electrical stimulation were safe and well tolerated. There were no significant differences in the primary cognitive outcomes (ADAS-Cog 13, CDR-SB) in the “on” versus “off” stimulation group at 12 months for the whole cohort. Patients receiving stimulation showed increased metabolism at 6 months but this was not significant at 12 months. On post-hoc analysis, there was a significant interaction between age and treatment outcome: in contrast to patients <65 years old (n = 12) whose results trended toward being worse with DBS ON versus OFF, in patients≥65 (n = 30) DBS-f ON treatment was associated with a trend toward both benefit on clinical outcomes and a greater increase in cerebral glucose metabolism. Conclusion: DBS for AD was safe and associated with increased cerebral glucose metabolism. There were no differences in cognitive outcomes for participants as a whole, but participants aged≥65 years may have derived benefit while there was possible worsening in patients below age 65 years with stimulation.