Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) in the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH)

Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of three dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) for the detection of cerebral aneurysm in the patients of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: This prospective study extended from 1st November 2007 to 1st February 2010. All the patients of spontaneous SAH were included in the study. Plain computed tomography (CT) head followed by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was done in all patients using multi-slice spiral CT scan. Results were analyzed by both Radiologist and the Neurosurgeons. The points considered were i. The site of aneurysm. ii. In multiple aneurysms, which is the aneurysm that has bled? iii. The relationship of vessels to the aneurysm. iv. If any need for repeat study or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Results: We have found 60 ruptured aneurysms in total of 75 patients on which 3D-CTA was done. 58 aneurysms found on 3D-CTA were confirmed on intra-operative findings during surgery and were surgically managed. In our study, CTA have a sensitivity of 96.7% and specificity of 75.0% for detecting aneurysms. Conclusion: Majority of patients with intracranial aneurysms could be operated solely based on pre- operative 3D-CTA data sets. DSA should be used as an additional diagnostic tool in 3D-CTA negative patients.
An exploration of men’s experiences of motivation to change in relation to their journey with anorexia nervosa

The incidence of eating disorders (EDs) is increasing. According to the NHS digital data male diagnoses of EDs have also risen significantly and hospital admissions of adult men with EDs increased by 70 per cent between 2010 and 2016. It is reported that men often refrain from seeking help as showing vulnerability is deemed incompatible with the westernised social construction of masculinity and EDs in men frequently go unrecognised. Hence, figures may not reflect true incidence. Studies show that motivation to change (MoC) in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is key for effective treatment response and recovery. Autonomy in patients’ motivation can predict long-term outcomes; it provides an internal locus of control enabling individuals to be an active agents within their struggle. Studies on MoC in EDs, like ED research more generally have mainly yielded quantitative data and focused on women. This study focuses on the experiences of men’s MoC in relation to their journeys with AN. It is anticipated that focusing on this under-explored topic will contribute to better understanding of men’s experiences of AN. This also may help lift the stigma attached to males who have an experience of ED or more generally of mental health (MH) issues. Eight English-speaking men were recruited using purposive sampling to participate in this research. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed to conduct this study and involved semi-structured interviews as a means of collecting data. Interviews were transcribed and analysed according to the IPA guidelines yielding three master themes. Themes were interpreted using the existing literature on EDs and MoC. Use of reflexivity emerges throughout the study. The master themes generated from the data analysis were: ‘sense of control’, ‘me and the world’, and ‘connecting’. These master themes comprised of ten subthemes. The research findings invite professionals to shift existing thinking in the context of men’s MoC and agency regarding engaging in behaviours to the detriment or to the benefit of their health throughout the progression of their illness.The results of this study are discussed in relation to existing literature pertaining to EDs and MoC, in particular of men’s experiences of AN. The applicability of these findings for counselling psychologists’ (CPs) practice is discussed. A critical consideration of the findings will then lead to recommendations for future research.
Gamification Misunderstood: How Badly Executed and Rhetorical Gamification Obscures Its Transformative Potential

Although management gamification has immense potential to broadly benefit both management and employees, its impact to date has been lackluster and its value unclear. I credit this to a market proliferation of rhetorical or “fake” gamification, a process which involves the decoration of existing organizational processes with game elements but with little or no attention paid to the psychological processes by which those elements influence human behavior. For gamification to be successful, specific psychological characteristics of employees or customers must be targeted, and game elements must be chosen to influence those characteristics. In theoretical terms, legitimate gamification in management can be defined as a family of work and product design techniques inspired by game design, whereas rhetorical gamification is at best novice gameful design and at worst a swindle, an attempt to make something appear “game-like” purely to sell more gamification. Only by carefully distinguishing legitimate and rhetorical gamification can legitimate gamification’s potential be fully realized.
Mind your mindset. An empirical study of mindset in secondary vocational education and training

ABSTRACT Mindset plays a pivotal role in academic achievement. In particular, a growth mindset is related to academic success. This study explored the role of mindset in Secondary Vocational Education and Training (VET). Participants were 1005 VET students attending eight different vocational programmes on three qualification levels in the rural southwest of the Netherlands. They filled out an online questionnaire that was combined with the school administration system for demographical information and school results. Results showed that 13.9% of the participants had a fixed mindset, 47.3% a growth mindset, and 38.8% a mixed mindset. Our findings indicate that VET students’ mean mindset does not substantially differ from the mindset of students in other forms of education. However, the majority of VET students does not have a growth mindset and mindset and academic achievement seem to be unrelated.
Do Young Galaxies Exist in the Local Universe? Red Giant Branch Detection in the Metal-poor Dwarf Galaxy SBS 1415+437

We present results from an HST/ACS imaging study of the metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS 1415+437. It has been argued previously that this is a very young galaxy that started to form stars only ≲100 Myr ago. However, we find that the optical color-magnitude diagram prominently reveals asymptotic giant branch and red giant branch (RGB) stars. The brightness of the RGB tip yields a distance D ≈ 13.6 Mpc. The color of the RGB implies that its stars must be older than ~1.3 Gyr, with the exact age depending on the assumed metallicity and dust extinction. The number of RGB stars implies that most of the stellar mass resides in this evolved population. In view of these and other HST results for metal-poor galaxies, it seems that the local universe simply may not contain any galaxies that are currently undergoing their first burst of star formation.
Revisiting the Concept of Self-efficacy as a Language Learning Enhancer

espanolLas creencias de los individuos acerca de su autoeficacia determina la manera en la que se desempenan en cualquier escenario, puesto que estas reflejan la manera en la que las personas se consideran capaces de alcanzar ciertos logros. Bandura (1997). Este articulo, describe la forma en la que la continua perdida, la desmotivacion, la apatia y el rechazo hacia el aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera de un grupo de estudiantes de nivel intermedio, se relacionan con su autoeficacia, su auto percepcion y experiencias como aprendices de Ingles como lengua extranjera. Debido a su caracter cualitativo y exploratorio, este estudio de caso fue llevado a cabo en un centro de idiomas de caracter privado y comprendio la participacion de once estudiantes. El proposito del estudio se enmarco en la comprension de las causas por las cuales dichos estudiantes mostraron desmotivacion y rechazo al idioma. Por ello, las autobiografias se convierten en una herramienta para indagar acerca de las experiencias de aprendizaje en lengua extranjera de los estudiantes . La informacion fue analizada a traves del analisis tematico propuesto por Freeman (1998), y los resultados revelan que un inadecuado discurso por parte del docente, el ambiente de clase, la falta de empatia con los estudiantes y las estrategias de retroalimentacion utilizadas, influyeron en la autoeficacia de los estudiantes para desempenarse en la clase de Ingles. Por otra parte, la informacion mostro que el apoyo que los estudiantes recibieron de sus padres y familiares, los motivo a adoptar una actitud resiliente con respecto a sus dificultades durante el aprendizaje del Ingles. EnglishIndividuals’ self-efficacy beliefs determine the ways they perform in any domain, since they reflect the extent to which people feel capable to achieve certain accomplishments Bandura (1997). This paper describes how a group of intermediate school students’constant failure in the exams, demotivating attitudes, apathy and reluctance to learn English as a foreign language, relate with their perceived capability, self-perception and their prior experiences as language learners. This descriptive and exploratory case study was developed in a private language centre and involved 11 participants. The goal of the study was to understand the causes of the students’ demotivation and reluctance to the language. For this purpose, autobiographies become a springboard to examine students’ language learning experiences. This information was analysed based on the grounded theory approach proposed by Freeman(1998), and findings reveal that the inadequate teachers’ discourse, classroom environment, rapport and feedback strategies influenced students’ perceived capability to perform in the English class. In addition, the data showed that the supportive role of parents and relatives, encouraged learners to adopt a resilient attitude with respect to the difficulties while learning the language.
STELLAR-MASS BLACK HOLE SPIN CONSTRAINTS FROM DISK REFLECTION AND CONTINUUM MODELING

Accretion disk reflection spectra, including broad iron emission lines, bear the imprints of the strong Doppler shifts and gravitational redshifts close to black holes. The extremity of these shifts depends on the proximity of the innermost stable circular orbit to the black hole, and that orbit is determined by the black hole spin parameter. Modeling relativistic spectral features, then, gives a means of estimating black hole spin. We report on the results of fits made to archival X-ray spectra of stellar-mass black holes and black hole candidates, selected for strong disk reflection features. Following recent work, these spectra were fit with reflection models and disk continuum emission models (where required) in which black hole spin is a free parameter. Although our results must be regarded as preliminary, we find evidence for a broad range of black hole spin parameters in our sample. The black holes with the most relativistic radio jets are found to have high spin parameters, though jets are observed in a black hole with a low spin parameter. For those sources with constrained binary system parameters, we examine the distribution of spin parameters versus black hole mass, binary mass ratio, and orbital period. We discuss the results within the context of black hole creation events, relativistic jet production, and efforts to probe the innermost relativistic regime around black holes.
Differences in Intracranial Temperature Measurements - A Systematic Analysis Between the Licox ® and Hemedex ® Systems

Background: Multimodality brain monitoring includes intracranial temperature (ICT) measurements. Different ICT readings have been reported from Licox ® and Hemedex ® systems used in the same patient with the Hummingbird ® "SynergyDuo Ventricular" introducer. Methods: To investigate the differences we report an analysis of causes for different ICT readings. In keeping with the radial brain ICT gradient model model we calculated ICTs according to the sensors' penetration depths and compared the results to clinical data from six patients. Results: The ICT accuracy is ±0.2°C for Licox ® and ±0.3°C for Hemedex ® so any ICT difference � ±0.5°C between the systems is not significant. The Hemedex ® -ICT sensor is placed 15.5mm deeper than the Licox ® -ICT sensor with the Hummingbird ® . The calculatedICT from the model range from -0.7°C to -1.0°C for a 37.5°C arterial temperature, and a 22°C ambient temperature. TheICT (ICTLicox ® - ICTHemedex ® ) in six patients were -0.6°C, SD = 0.7°C, median = -0.6°C, max = 0.4°C, min = -5.7°C, range 6.1°C. 41.1% of recorded data lie within the accuracy range of ±0.5°C. 53.8% lie within a range between -0.5°C and -1.5°C, and represent the differences which can be explained by different sensor insertion depths and the model. Only 5% were outliers withICT < -1.5°C. Conclusions: This study shows that the discrepancy in ICT measurements using different sensors can be explained by (a) the ICT measurement accuracies/specifications, and (b) different insertion depths. Other causes may include (c) environmental conditions and (d) unknown factors secondary to body - and/or brain physiology.
Gated Neural Networks for Targeted Sentiment Analysis

Targeted sentiment analysis classifies the sentiment polarity towards each target entity mention in given text documents. Seminal methods extract manual discrete features from automatic syntactic parse trees in order to capture semantic information of the enclosing sentence with respect to a target entity mention. Recently, it has been shown that competitive accuracies can be achieved without using syntactic parsers, which can be highly inaccurate on noisy text such as tweets. This is achieved by applying distributed word representations and rich neural pooling functions over a simple and intuitive segmentation of tweets according to target entity mentions. In this paper, we extend this idea by proposing a sentence-level neural model to address the limitation of pooling functions, which do not explicitly model tweet-level semantics. First, a bi-directional gated neural network is used to connect the words in a tweet so that pooling functions can be applied over the hidden layer instead of words for better representing the target and its contexts. Second, a three-way gated neural network structure is used to model the interaction between the target mention and its surrounding contexts. Experiments show that our proposed model gives significantly higher accuracies compared to the current best method for targeted sentiment analysis.
Simultaneous ionospheric variability on Earth and Mars

[1] Ionospheric physics deals with the basic structure and variability of plasma within the upper atmospheres of the Earth and planets. Comparative studies foster both exploration and synthesis within diverse settings. In this paper we examine observations of the ionospheric profiles on Mars obtained on 9–27 March 1999 by the radio science experiment onboard the Mars Global Surveyor satellite, and compare their day-to-day variability with same-day observations on Earth. Using photochemical-equilibrium arguments applicable to the peak electron density layer on Mars and the E-layer on Earth, we find basic agreement in scaling laws between the planets, and in the details of correlations with simultaneous solar flux variations during a period of pronounced solar activity. We ascribe the residual variabilities (larger on Mars than Earth) to both observational uncertainties and to nonsolar mechanisms in need of further study on both planets.
Using Neuroimaging to Predict Behavioral Outcomes

Author(s): Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan | Advisor(s): Bunge, Silvia A | Abstract: to Predict Behavioral OutcomesBySusan Whitfield-GabrieliDoctor of Philosophy in PsychologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Silvia Bunge, ChairThe emerging field of “neuroprediction” or “predictive analytics” in mental health has promisefor revolutionizing clinical practice by moving towards personalized or precision medicine. Thecore idea is that brain measures at a given time may predict individual future behavioraloutcomes, presumably because specific structural or functional brain characteristics constrain thetrajectories of evolving behavior over time. For basic science, discovery of such brain measuresidentifies particular neural circuits that constrain specific future behaviors. For clinical science,such brain measures may support identification of vulnerabilities that could be treatedpreventively to minimize poor mental health outcomes.In this thesis, I first provide an overview of the key questions and challenges in the fieldof predictive analytics, aiming to (1) propose general guidelines for predictive analytics projectsin psychiatry, (2) provide a conceptual introduction to core aspects of predictive modelingtechnology, and (3) foster a broad and informed discussion involving all stakeholders includingresearchers, clinicians, patients, funding bodies and policymakers. Next, I discuss two strategiesfor identifying, in a developmental context with children, brain vulnerabilities for future mentalhealth difficulties. First, I used resting state functional connectivity, measured via functionalmagnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to discover whether children without depression but withheightened familial risk for major depression disorder (MDD) had brain differences indicative ofrisk for depression. At-risk children, compared to children not at familial risk, exhibitedsignificant differences in functional brain connectivity in three brain networks. Classificationbetween at-risk versus control children based on resting-state connectivity yielded high accuracywith high sensitivity and specificity that was superior to traditional clinical rating scales.Second, I examined whether variation in functional connectivity could predict the trajectory ofclinical symptomology over the ensuing four years in a longitudinal study with a normative childsample. Variation at age 7 in specific networks predicted individual children’s developmentaltrajectories at age 11 towards attentional problems characteristic of Attention DeficitHyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or internalizing problems characteristic of MDD. The predictivenetwork for internalizing problems was one of the networks that had been atypical in children atfamilial risk for MDD. These studies identify variation in brain networks indicative of risk fortwo of the most common disorders of adolescent mental health, and suggest that such measuresmay support targeted early and preventive interventions. The conclusion of the thesis provides adiscussion of these findings, future directions, theoretical implications, clinical applications andethical considerations.
An Analysis of Backward Linkages in the Irish Electronics Sector

This paper analyses the development and the determinants of backward linkages between electronics firms and domestic sub-suppliers in Ireland using data for 1982 to 1995. We find that, even when controlling for other firm and sector specific factors, foreign firms have lower linkages than Irish firms. Our results also suggest both foreign and indigenous firms have increased their material linkages over time, which points to the success of Ireland’s industrial policy of developing electronics clusters. Furthermore, we find that there are differences in the determinants of linkages between foreign and indigenous firms, and that these differ as between service and material linkages.
Modelling the orientation of accretion discs in quasars using Hα emission

Infrared spectroscopy of the H α emission lines of a sub-sample of high-redshift (0.8 < z < 2.3) Molonglo quasars, selected at 408 MHz, is presented. These emission lines are fitted with composite models of broad and narrow emission, which may include combinations of classical broad-line regions of fast-moving gas clouds lying outside the quasar nucleus, and a theoretical model of emission from an optically-thick, rotating outer accretion disk. All bar one of the nineteen sources were found to have emission consistent with the presence of an optically-emitting accretion disk, with the exception appearing to display complex emission including at least three broad components. Ten of the quasars have strong Bayesian evidence for broad-line emission arising from an accretion disk together with a standard broad-line region, selected in preference to a model which includes two simple broad lines. Thus the best explanation for the complexity required to fit the broad H α lines in this sample is optical emission from an accretion disk in addition to the H α emission from a region of fast-moving clouds. We derive estimates of the angle between the rotation axis of the accretion disk and the line of sight. Deprojecting radio sources on the assumption of jets emerging perpendicular to the accretion disk gives rough agreement with expectations of radio source models. The distribution in disk angles is broadly consistent with models in which a Doppler boosted core can contribute to the chances of observing a source at low inclination to the line of sight, and in which the radio jets expand at constant speed up to a size of � 1 Mpc. A weak correlation was found between the accretion disk angle and the logarithm of the low-frequency radio luminosity. This is direct, albeit tenuous, evidence for the receding torus model first suggested by Lawrence (1991) in which the opening angle of the torus widens with increasing radio luminosity. The highest accretion disk angle measured is 48 ◦ , consistent with the opening angle predicted for
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Research Department Equilibrium and Government Commitment

_________________________________________________________________________ How should a government use the power to commit to ensure a desirable equilibrium outcome? In this paper, I show a misleading aspect of what has become a standard approach to this question, and I propose an alternative. I show that the complete description of an optimal (indeed, of any) policy scheme requires outlining the consequences of paths that are often neglected. The specification of policy along those paths is crucial in determining which schemes implement a unique equilibrium and which ones leave room for multiple equilibria that depend on the expectations of the private sector. _____________________________________________________________________________________ *Bassetto, University of Minnesota and Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. I am indebted to Florin Bidian, V. V. Chari, Harold Cole, Russell Cooper, Jeffrey Ely, Larry Jones, Christopher Phelan, and especially Narayana Kocherlakota for useful conversations and advice. I also benefited from comments received at various seminars and conference presentations. Financial support from the National Science Foundation (Grant # 0095766) is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System. Equilibrium and Government Commitment∗ Marco Bassetto†