Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue Published, JLR Papers in Press, April 25, 2007.

During our study of the reversal of seasonal obesity in Siberian hamsters, we found an interaction between receptors for the pineal hormone melatonin and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow from brain to white adipose tissue (WAT). This ultimately led us and others to conclude that the SNS innervation of WAT is the primary initiator of lipid mobilization in these as well as other animals, including humans. There is strong neurochemical (norepinephrine turnover), neuroanatomical (viral tract tracing), and functional (sympathetic denervation-induced blockade of lipolysis) evidence for the role of the SNS in lipid mobilization. Recent findings suggest the presence of WAT sensory innervation based on strong neuroanatomical (viral tract tracing, immunohistochemical markers of sensory nerves) and suggestive functional (capsaicin sensory denervation-induced WAT growth) evidence, the latter implying a role in conveying adiposity information to the brain. By contrast, parasympathetic nervous system innervation of WAT is characterized by largely negative neuroanatomical evidence (viral tract tracing, immunohistochemical and biochemical markers of parasympathetic nerves). Functional evidence (intraneural stimulation and in situ microdialysis) for the role of the SNS innervation in lipid mobilization in human WAT is convincing, with some controversy regarding the level of sympathetic nerve activity in human obesity.
X-Linked Retinoschisis in Juveniles: Follow-Up by Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose. To explore the structural progression of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) in patients by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Design. Retrospective, observational study. Methods. Patients who were diagnosed with XLRS by genetic testing underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations from December 2014 to October 2016. Each eye was measured by SD-OCT using the same clinical protocol. A correlation between best-corrected visual acuity (VA) and SD-OCT measurements was observed. Results. Six patients demonstrated retinoschisis (12 eyes) and typical foveal cyst-like cavities (10 eyes) on SD-OCT images with a mean logMAR VA of 0.48. The median age was 7.5 years at the initial visit. Their foveal retinal thickness (516.9 μm) and choroid thickness (351.4 μm) decreased at a rate of 38.1 and 7.5 μm, respectively, at the 10.5-month follow-up visit; however, there were no significant differences (P = 0.622 and P = 0.406, resp.). There was no significant correlation between VA, the foveal retinal thickness, and subfoveal choroid thickness. Conclusions. SD-OCT images for XLRS patients during the juvenile period revealed no significant changes in the fundus structure, including the foveal retinal thickness and choroid thickness within one-year follow-up. There was a lack of correlation between VA, foveal retinal thickness, and subfoveal choroid thickness.
High Frequency of Virus-Specific B Lymphocytes in Germinal Centers of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Monkeys

ABSTRACT The etiology of the lymphadenopathy and follicular hyperplasia associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has remained unclear. To determine whether the B-lymphocyte expansions characteristic of this syndrome represent polyclonal and virus-specific processes, the antigen specificity of B cells in lymphoid tissues of monkeys infected with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) chimeras was assessed using an inverse immunohistochemical assay with biotinylated HIV-1 envelope gp120 (Env) as an antigen probe. Env-binding B cells were found aggregated in lymph node and splenic germinal centers (GCs). Most Env-binding GCs also contained an unstained population of B cells, suggesting the GCs were formed by a polyclonal (oligoclonal) process. By day 42 following infection, Env-binding B cells were present in 19% of all lymph node GCs. Env-binding cells were present in 25% of GCs even during chronic infection. This extraordinarily high frequency of Env-specific B lymphocytes suggests that the expansion of virus-specific B cells may largely account for the follicular hyperplasia in AIDS virus-infected individuals.
Tracking onscreen gender and role bias over time

Film and television play an important role in popular culture. However studies that require watching and annotating video are time-consuming and expensive to run at scale. We explore information mined from media database cast lists to explore the evolution of different roles over time. We focus on the gender distribution of those roles and how this changes over time. We compare real-life em- ployment gender distributions to our web-mediated onscreen gender data. Finally, we investigate how gender role biases differ between film and television. We propose these methodologies are a useful adjunct to traditional analysis that allow researchers to explore the relationship between online and on- screen gender depictions.
Anaphylactic Transfusion Reaction in a Patient with Anhaptoglobinemia: The First Case in Korea

Anaphylactic transfusion reactions are rare complications of blood transfusions. Anhaptoglobinemia, a condition that has high incidence in Asia, can cause allergic transfusion reactions or anaphylaxis in severe cases. A 50-yr-old Korean woman was diagnosed with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. She developed thrombocytopenia during chemotherapy and an anaphylactic transfusion reaction on the 4th and 5th platelet transfusions immediately after the transfusion of the platelet concentrates was initiated. Blood analysis showed no detectable serum haptoglobin. We examined her genetic phenotype and detected anhaptoglobinemia, which occurs because of an allelic deletion in the Hp gene cluster. The presence of an antibody against haptoglobin was detected by performing ELISA. To prevent anaphylactic reactions, apheresis platelets were transfused after washing. Consequently, anaphylactic transfusion reactions did not develop. Here, we report the first case of anhaptoglobinemia causing anaphylactic transfusion reaction in Korea.
Effects of Aged Garlic Extract on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Fibrosis in a Rat Hypertension Model

Daily consumption of garlic is known to lower the risk of hypertension and ischemic heart disease. In this study, we examined whether aged garlic extract (AGE) prevents hypertension and the progression of compensated left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. DS rats were randomly divided into three groups: those fed an 8% NaCl diet until 18 weeks of age (8% NaCl group), those additionally treated with AGE (8% NaCl + AGE group), and control rats maintained on a diet containing 0.3% NaCl until 18 weeks of age (0.3% NaCl group). AGE was administered orally by gastric gavage once a day until 18 weeks of age. LV mass was significantly higher in the 8% NaCl + AGE group than in the 0.3% NaCl group at 18 weeks of age, but significantly lower in the 8% NaCl + AGE group than in the 8% NaCl group. No significant differences were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) between the 8% NaCl and 8% NaCl + AGE groups at 12 and 18 weeks of age. LV end-diastolic pressure and pressure half-time at 12 and 18 weeks of age were significantly lower in the 8% NaCl + AGE group compared with the 8% NaCl group. AGE significantly reduced LV interstitial fibrosis at 12 and 18 weeks of age. Chronic AGE intake attenuated LV diastolic dysfunction and fibrosis without significantly decreasing SBP in hypertensive DS rats.
Divided by a common language

Background: Postnatal depression is a recognised cause of delayed cognitive development in infants in developed countries. Being underweight is common in South Asia. Aims: To determine whether postnatal depression contributes to poor growth and development outcomes in Goa, India. Methods: Cohort study for growth outcomes with nested case-control study for developmental outcomes. A total of 171 babies were weighed and measured at 6–8 weeks following birth. The following measures were used: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for maternal mood, and sociodemographic and infant health variables. Outcome measures were: weight (<5th centile), length (<5th centile), and Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants scores at six months. Results: Postnatal depression was a strong, and independent, predictor of low weight and length and was significantly associated with adverse mental development quotient scores. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the first time that postnatal depression, a potentially treatable disorder, is a cause of poor growth and development in South Asia.
‘There’s nothing really they can do with this information’: unpacking how users manage privacy boundaries for personal fitness information

ABSTRACT Fitness trackers are an increasingly popular tool for tracking one’s health and physical activity. While research has evaluated how these mobile devices can improve health and well-being, few studies have empirically evaluated users’ privacy concerns that stem from the collection, aggregation, and sharing of personal fitness information (PFI). In this paper, we endeavor to gain a more complete picture of users’ experiences with fitness trackers and how they manage the privacy of personal fitness information. Using Communication Privacy Management (CPM) as a theoretical framework, we describe findings from survey and interview data regarding the benefits and drawbacks users perceive from using a fitness tracker, as well as how privacy concerns and behaviors map onto user strategies for managing privacy boundaries related to personal fitness information. We conclude by discussing how our findings contribute to theory and future information policy related to the growing wearable device ecosystem.
BONE HEALTH STATUS, ISOKINETIC MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND POWER, AND BODY COMPOSITION OF MALAY ADOLESCENT FEMALE SILAT AND TAEKWONDO PRACTITIONERS

ABSTRACT Background: This study investigated the differences and correlations of bone health status, isokinetic muscular strength and power, and body composition of Malay adolescent female silat and taekwondo practitioners. Materials and methods: There were thirty six participants (mean age: 17.31 ± 1.6 years old) with three groups, i.e. sedentary control, silat and taekwondo groups (12 participants per group) in this study. Participant’s percent body fat and fat-free mass were measured. Quantitative ultrasound measurement of bone speed of sound (SOS) (an indicator of bone mineral density) of participants’ legs and arms were measured. BIODEX isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure participant’s knee and shoulder extension and flexion muscular peak torque (strength) and power at 3 angular velocities, i.e. 60˚. s -1 , 180˚. s -1 and 300˚. s -1 . Results: There were no statistically significant differences in percent body fat and fat free mass among sedentary control, silat and taekwondo groups. Silat group exhibited statistically higher knee extension and shoulder extension peak torque and power values compared to taekwondo group. However, taekwondo group showed statistically significant higher shoulder flexion peak torque and power values than silat group. Silat and taekwondo groups showed statistically significant strong positive correlations of fat free mass with isokinetic muscular peak torque of arms and legs generally. Conclusion: Muscular knee and shoulder extension strength and power are important isokinetic variables in silat. Meanwhile muscular shoulder flexion strength and power are important isokinetic variables in taekwondo. These results can be applied to facilitate the development of training programmes for optimal performance of silat and taekwondo practitioners. Keywords: Bone speed of sound (SOS), Muscular peak torque, Body composition, Silat, Taekwondo
Cooperative networks and their influence on engagement with nursing students

This paper is part of a research project into innovation in education, undertaken at the [name deleted for review process], with university students from Health Sciences. The aim of the study was to demonstrate how the cooperative networking of students, increasing the engagement and academic outcomes. For this, a teaching methodology was designed where the students had to build a case in video format and establish relationships between them to transfer help, advice and ideas. The network before and after the intervention was measured by applying the method of Social Network Analysis (SNA) and the UCINET software. The engagement was measured with a questionnaire about Commitment (Student Academic Engagement) based on studies by Schaufeli et al, 2002. These results show that (i) the network was broader after intervention, (ii) the degree of connections associated with increased engagement, and (iii) the degree of student satisfaction was high with this teaching methodology.
Excess nitrogen leaching and C/N decline in the Tillingbourne catchment, southern England

Abstract. Measurements of nitrate deposition and streamwater chemistry in the Tillingbourne Catchment, in Southern England, made in 1979-1982 and 1999-2001 show a 216% increase in Nitrogen leaching despite a reduction in N inputs. Both the historical and current data sets have been modelled using the Integrated Nitrogen Model in Catchments (INCA). The process-based model is shown to reproduce the historical patterns of N release from the catchment. However, modelling the increased leaching of N during recent years required an increase of the mineralisation control parameter in the model, suggesting enhanced mineralisation rates. Comparing historic and current soils data for C/N ratios shows that there has been a reduction in C/N from 38 to 26% in the humus layer and a reduction from 33 to 26% in the mineral soil horizon. This significant fall in C/N is consistent with the increase in N saturation in the H and Ah horizons of the major catchment soil. Keywords: acid deposition, recovery, nitrogen, Carbon-Nitrogen ratios, Tillingbourne, Thames, catchment studies, nutrient leaching, modelling
Where Have I Been? Where Should I Go? Spatial Working Memory on a Radial Arm Maze in a Rat Model of Depression

Disturbances in cognitive functioning are among the most debilitating problems experienced by patients with major depression. Investigations of these deficits in animals help to extend and refine our understanding of human emotional disorder, while at the same time providing valid tools to study higher executive functions in animals. We employ the “learned helplessness” genetic rat model of depression in studying working memory using an eight arm radial maze procedure with temporal delay. This so-called delayed spatial win-shift task consists of three phases, training, delay and test, requiring rats to hold information on-line across a retention interval and making choices based on this information in the test phase. According to a 2×2 factorial design, working memory performance of thirty-one congenitally helpless (cLH) and non-helpless (cNLH) rats was tested on eighteen trials, additionally imposing two different delay durations, 30 s and 15 min, respectively. While not observing a general cognitive deficit in cLH rats, the delay length greatly influenced maze performance. Notably, performance was most impaired in cLH rats tested with the shorter 30 s delay, suggesting a stress-related disruption of attentional processes in rats that are more sensitive to stress. Our study provides direct animal homologues of clinically important measures in human research, and contributes to the non-invasive assessment of cognitive deficits associated with depression.
The galactic thick and thin disks : differences in evolution

Context. Recent observations demonstrate that the thin and thick disks of the Galaxy have different chemical abundance trends and evolution timescales. Aims. The relative abundances of α -elements in the thick Galactic disk are increased relative to the thin disk. Our goal is to investigate the cause of such differences in thick and thin disk abundances. Methods. We investigate the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk in the framework of the open two-zone model with gas inflow. Results. The Galactic abundance trends for α -elements (Mg, Si, O) and Fe are predicted for the thin and thick Galactic disks. Conclusions. The star formation histories of the thin and thick disks must have been different and the gas infall must have been more intense during the thick disk evolution that the thin disk evolution.
Influence of Age and Education on Purchase Intention of Halal Labelled Food among Indonesian Muslim Mothers

"Objective – This study examines the discrepancies that exist among the influence of age and education on purchase intention of halal labelled food, by using conscientiousness as a covariate. Methodology/Technique – Total number of respondents used in this research were 352 Indonesian mothers. Data has been collected through questionnaires measuring the purchase intention of halal labelled food and analysis has been performed through analysis of covariance. Findings – The results have indicated that when conscientiousness trait is controlled, the interaction of age and education exhibit influence on purchase intention of halal labelled food with (F=6.079; p=.03), and effect size of 3.4% (.034). The influence of education, with controlled conscientiousness trait, over purchase intention of halal labelled food is significant (F=3.407; p=.034), effect size 1.9% (.019). On the other hand, age, with controlled conscientiousness trait, does not have significant influence over purchase intention of halal labelled food (F=3.407; p=.34). Novelty – This paper has revealed demographic variables; education and age; that influence purchase intention by controlling psychological factor. "
Decomposition of large-scale stochastic optimal control problems

In this paper, we present an Uzawa-based heuristic that is adapted to certain type of stochastic optimal control problems. More precisely, we consider dynamical systems that can be divided into smallscale subsystems linked through a static almost sure coupling constraint at each time step. This type of problem is common in production/ portfolio management where subsystems are, for instance, power units, and one has to supply a stochastic power demand at each time step. We outline the framework of our approach and present promising numerical results on a simplified power management problem.
The effectiveness of Schroth exercises in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is one of the most common structural spinal deformities in adolescents, becoming apparent around the time of puberty. Schroth scoliosis-specific exercises have demonstrated promising results in reducing the progression of AIS. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify, critically appraise and establish the best available evidence for the effectiveness of Schroth exercises in comparison to non-surgical management to reduce the progression of AIS. Methodology Seven databases were searched in April 2018. Main key search terms included AIS, Schroth exercises, physiotherapy, exercise, electrical stimulation, yoga, Pilates, tai chi and bracing. The quality of the trials was critically appraised according to the PEDro scale. Revman© Review Manager Software was used to pool the quality of life (QOL) results. Results Four randomised control trials with an average PEDro score of 6.75/10 were included in this study. Results indicated that Schroth exercises had a significant effect in decreasing the Cobb angle (p < 0.05) in comparison to non-surgical management. The pooled effect on QOL showed a significant result in favour of Schroth exercises at 12 weeks (p < 0.002) and at 24 weeks (p < 0.0004). Conclusion Level II evidence suggests that Schroth exercises have a significant effect on reducing the Cobb angle and improving QOL in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Clinical implications This review’s findings should be considered with caution for physiotherapy practice because of the limited number of identified articles and their methodologic limitations. Based on the current available and limited evidence, clinicians could combine supervised Schroth exercises with conventional physiotherapy care (observation, exercise, bracing and manual therapy) when treating adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.
Reflective multi-functional polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurfaces

In this paper, a new multi-functional reflective polarization converter (RPC) is proposed based on an anisotropic metasurface. The metasurface is composed of the periodic array of square patches with truncated corners and a solid ground plane. The RPC is designed based on a single-layer anisotropic metasurface. The reflected magnitude and phase of the anisotropic metasurface are different in two orthogonal directions. Therefore, The incident linear polarization can be converted to the orthogonal linear polarization, right- or left-hand circular polarizations reflected wave in the different frequency bands. The simulated results agree well with theoretical design.
Exploring the Role of Self-Control on Student Procrastination

Procrastination is widespread across the nation and setting. Its occur commonly in an academic setting which has many demands and deadline. One of the variable construct which reported has a high association with procrastination is self-control. It is why we would like to find out the role of self-control on student procrastination. There were 100 undergraduate students enrolled this study, from religious education faculty of a private university in Yogyakarta. Pure Procrastination Scale, Procrastination Academic Scale for Student, and Brief Self-Control Scale were administered to obtain student procrastination and self-control. Results showed that self-control correlates moderately negative with both of general and academic procrastination. Also, self-control could predict procrastination both in an academic and general setting. As an additional, there were significantly different between the lowest and highest procrastination group based on student self-control, with big size-effect reported. For further analysis, the prevalence of six areas of academic procrastination also discuss.
Automated State-Dependent Importance Sampling for Markov Jump Processes via Sampling from the Zero-Variance Distribution

Many complex systems can be modeled via Markov jump processes. Applications include chemical reactions, population dynamics, and telecommunication networks. Rare-event estimation for such models can be difficult and is often computationally expensive, because typically many (or very long) paths of the Markov jump process need to be simulated in order to observe the rare event. We present a state-dependent importance sampling approach to this problem that is adaptive and uses Markov chain Monte Carlo to sample from the zero-variance importance sampling distribution. The method is applicable to a wide range of Markov jump processes and achieves high accuracy, while requiring only a small sample to obtain the importance parameters. We demonstrate its efficiency through benchmark examples in queueing theory and stochastic chemical kinetics.