Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acceptance and commitment therapy : efficacy and mechanisms of therapeutic action

The individual, organisational and societal impact of psychological distress among working populations is well established. Recently, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been identified as a promising approach for improving the psychological wellbeing of distressed employees. Nonetheless, few studies have examined the efficacy of ACT in the occupational context and even fewer studies have conducted comprehensive tests of the mechanisms of therapeutic action in ACT. The current research examined the efficacy of a one day ACT intervention that was delivered to NHS employees experiencing psychological distress. A key focus of this research was an examination of the mechanisms of therapeutic action in ACT. In study one, a non-randomised controlled design was used with 17 participants assigned to the ACT intervention and 18 participants assigned to a waiting list. A two-week and three-month follow-up period was used in this study. Participants originally assigned to the waiting list went on to receive the intervention after the three month follow-up and were again assessed at two-weeks and three-months post-treatment. In study two, six of the participants were interviewed about their views on the aspects of the ACT intervention that promoted psychological changes and their responses were analysed thematically. Compared to the control group, participants who received the intervention displayed statistically significant reductions in the severity of psychological distress at two-weeks and three-months post-treatment. Importantly, the majority of participants displayed clinically significant change at both assessments. In line with ACT’s theoretical underpinnings, the intervention significantly increased participants’ psychological flexibility and mindfulness skills and decreased cognitive fusion. However, in a multiple-mediator statistical analysis, improvements in psychological distress were only mediated by improvements in psychological flexibility. The themes generated from the thematic analysis converge with the quantitative data—resembling closely the construct of psychological flexibility. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.
Human recombinant tissue transglutaminase ELISA: an innovative diagnostic assay for celiac disease

OBJECTIVE:Tissue transglutaminase is the autoantigen recognized by the sera of celiac patients. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on guinea-pig tissue transglutaminase was recently used to measure serum tissue transglutaminase antibodies for the diagnosis of celiac disease. We determine the sensitivity and specificity of an ELISA test based on the use of human recombinant transglutaminase, compared with the guinea pig transglutaminase ELISA and IgA antiendomysium antibodies.METHODS:Serum samples were tested from 65 patients with intestinal biopsy proven celiac disease, from 10 patients with Crohn's disease, and from 150 healthy blood donors.RESULTS:Human transglutaminase ELISA identified 64 of 65 celiac patients, whereas the guinea pig transglutaminase ELISA and IgA antiendomysium antibodies identified 58 of 65 and 60 of 65 subjects, respectively. The three tests showed comparable specificity.CONCLUSIONS:These results proved that the human tissue transglutaminase-based ELISA represents a cost-effective strategy for identifying both symptomatic and atypical forms of celiac disease and could mean that intestinal biopsy need no longer be the gold standard for diagnosing this clinical condition. Furthermore, early identification and treatment of patients with celiac disease in an outpatient setting could have significant implications for reducing long-term morbidity and can produce major savings in future health care costs.
What not to expect from the pragmatic turn in political theory

The central ideas coming out of the so-called pragmatic turn in philosophy have set in motion what may be described as a pragmatic turn in normative political theory. It has become commonplace among political theorists to draw on theories of language and meaning in theorising democracy, pluralism, justice, etc. The aim of this paper is to explore attempts by political theorists to use theories of language and meaning for such normative purposes. Focusing on Wittgenstein's account, it is argued that these attempts are unsuccessful. It is shown that pragmatically influenced political theorists draw faulty epistemological, ontological and semantic conclusions from Wittgenstein's view in their normative theorising, and it is argued that pragmatically influenced theories of language and meaning, however full of insight, cannot be put to substantial normative use in political theory. The general scope of the thesis is motivated by pointing to the general form of the argument and by moving beyond Wittgenstein to other philosophers of mind and language, illustrating how similar overextensions are made with regard to Robert Brandom's theory of language and meaning.
Presurgical nasoalveolar remodeling – an experience in the journey of cleft lip and palate

Aims and objectives To assess the effect of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) therapy in the management of patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Material and method Ten patients with UCLP treated from 2009 to 2012. The initiation for PNAM treatment was 7 days and the average time of the treatment was 175 days. Measurements on patients and of casts were made, and statistical analysis was used to evaluate the changes in pre- and posttreatment measurements. Results Subsequent to PNAM treatment, there was a statistically considerable rise in cleft nostril height and columellar width. There was reduction in both intraoral cleft width and columellar deviation, which was significant statistically. Conclusion PNAM treatment reduces alveolar cleft width. It enhances symmetry of the nose by changing columellar angulation, preserving alar width bilaterally, gaining height of the nostril on the affected side, and increasing columellar length.
Older age is a strong predictor for poor outcome in intracerebral haemorrhage: the INTERACT2 study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Global ageing contributes greatly to the burden of stroke. We investigated the influence of age on the baseline profile and on outcomes in acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) among participants of the INTERACT2 study. METHODS INTERACT2 was an international, randomised controlled trial in 2839 patients with spontaneous ICH within 6 h of onset and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP; 150-220 mmHg) who were allocated to receive intensive (target SBP <140 mmHg within 1 h) or guideline-recommended (target SBP <180 mmHg) blood pressure lowering treatment. Stroke severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Poor outcome was defined as death or major disability ('dependency', modified Rankin Scale scores 3-6) at 90 days. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed with the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire. Associations between age and outcomes were analysed in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Stroke severity increased in categories of older age (P-trend 0.002). Stroke patients over 75 years old were four times more likely to die or be disabled at 90 days than those <52 years when other confounders were accounted for (odds ratio 4.36, 95% confidence interval 3.12-6.08). Older age was also associated with decreasing HRQoL, across mobility, self-care, usual activities and depression (all P-trend <0.001), and pain or discomfort (P-trend 0.022). CONCLUSION In the INTERACT2 cohort, older people had more severe ICH and worse outcomes (death, major disability and HRQoL). These data will help guide clinicians manage older people with haemorrhagic stroke. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT00716079).
Belief and Acceptance

Conditions for the rationality of believing that p, and conditions for the rationality of accepting that p, have been treated indistinguishably in much of the recent philosophical literature about rationality.1 Also belief has been discussed ad nauseam in the literature of cognitive science, and next to nothing said therein about acceptance.2 The result has been a widespread tendency to ignore the fact that there are many important differences between belief and acceptance, which are relevant to quite a range of issues in epistemology, the philosophy of science and cognitive science. I have tried to articulate some of those differences elsewhere,3 in the context of an enquiry into the nature of the 'intuitions' which, whether under that name or another, have been frequently invoked by post-1945 analytical philosophers on both sides of the Atlantic as supplying premisses for their arguments. Specifically, my thesis was that any such intuition belongs to a distinctive species of belief, which I tried to characterize, and that the content of such a belief-normally a proposition about the validity of a particular argument, the absurdity of a particular locution, the moral rightness of a particular decision, etc.-may justify, or help to justify, the acceptance of an appropriately general philosophical conclusion. What I want to do in the present article is not to say anything more about philosophical intuition but to trace out, in a similarly exploratory fashion, the not unimportant consequences of drawing the distinction between belief and acceptance in some other areas. In particular, I want to survey its consequences in regard to, first, the implications of certain kinds of speech-acts; secondly the explanation of purposive action; and, thirdly, the characterization of knowledge (and especially of scientific knowledge). Some of these consequences may seem fairly obvious when they are stated. But I have not seen any statement of them elsewhere.
Characteristics of Visual and Proprioceptive Response Times in the Learning of a Motor Skill

After an identical pre-training period 36 subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (visual, visual and proprioceptive, proprioceptive, i.e. blindfold) on a motor task. All subjects received three different forces of the stimulus (blade deflection) in a random but balanced fashion. Following 10 training sessions, blindfold subjects had significantly faster RTs. Total response times (RT + MT) were also faster. The three stimulus forces presented produced significant differences in both RT and MT. No differences, however, were found for total response times; a descriptive analysis revealed a step function. As the force increased RT decreased, the opposite effect being observed for MT. Central and peripheral factors were discussed in relation to this phenomenon.
Emotion Display Norms in Virtual Teams

Norms for displaying emotions influence how individuals express their feelings and interpret the emotional expressions of others. Prior research found cross-cultural variation of emotion display norms, but primarily examined face-to-face communication and culturally homogeneous contexts. This study examined perceived emotion display norms for virtual teams, using a sample of 167 MBA students from five countries, who rated the appropriateness of virtually displaying positive and negative emotions for culturally homogeneous and multicultural teams. Results indicate that display norms call for greater expression of positive emotions and suppression of negative emotions in multicultural versus culturally homogeneous teams; national identity influences norms for culturally homogeneous but not multicultural teams, and the strength of norms in multicultural teams is higher among participants with high versus low global identity.
Mediating Native Swedish Sign Language: First Language in Gestural Modality Interactions at Storytime

This qualitative, longitudinal, single-case study analyzes naturalistic interactions in Swedish Sign Language. Multiple interactions took place mainly between a mother and a deaf twin on twelve occasions. The participants’ actions and language structure are examined as the child progressed from ten to forty months of age. The results are presented in three segments: transformations (i.e., types of actions during the sessions); gaze; and structure of utterances. The first segment (when the child was between ten and thirteen months of age) includes mediating utterances that contained a few signs with steady eye contact (i.e., focus on an object with mediating, displaced signing, as from the signer’s perspective). The second segment (when the child was between fifteen and twenty-four months of age) includes flexible eye contact, multiple phrases, and narrative structure. The third segment comprises conversations that include a dynamic visual contact utilizing nonmanual structures. Mediating factors such as simultaneous tactile looking, mediating vision, and mediating triangles, which may be useful for pedagogical purposes, are emphasized.
Coteaching: from praxis to theory

We evolved coteaching and cogenerative dialoguing to respond to the need of teachers inexperienced in one or another aspect of teaching to learn to teach at the elbow of another. As our praxis of coteaching and cogenerative dialoguing unfolded, we developed a theoretical framework. In this article, we present some core theoretical ideas that go with coteaching and cogenerative dialoguing. These ideas are rooted in our reading of cultural–historical activity theory and critical psychology. The resulting framework is particularly suited for analyzing and theorizing complex practices such as teaching and learning in schools for several reasons. First, it requires us to take a first‐person perspective on the actions of individuals and groups. Second, it theorizes actions available to an individual as concrete cases of a generalized action available at the collective level. Third, we understand all actions to be mediated by the tools (language, curriculum theory), rules, community, and division of labor characteristic of the situation. Fourth, because this approach explicitly theorizes context, it is an excellent tool for articulating and removing structural contradictions. Fifth, the approach assists us in understanding the contradictions within a system in a positive way, namely as opportunities for change and growth. Finally, the framework explicitly focuses on the cultural–historical changes that individuals, their community and tools, and the reigning division of labor and rules undergo.
Toxicological evaluation of subchronic exposure to diphenyl diselenide in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects caused by subchronic exposure to diphenyl diselenide in rats. Adult Wistar rats were exposed to diphenyl diselenide (5–300 µmol kg−1, subcutaneously) once a day for 14 days. The subchronic administration of diphenyl diselenide at a dose of 300 µmol kg−1 significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in plasma. Conversely, this exposure did not alter lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, urea and creatinine levels in plasma. The activity of δ‐aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ‐ALA‐D) from liver and kidney was inhibited by high dosages of diphenyl diselenide. Diphenyl diselenide did not alter renal Na+/K+ATPase. A decline in body weight gain was associated with a decrease in food consumption in rats treated with 100 or 300 µmol kg−1 diphenyl diselenide. At these dosages (100 and 300 µmol kg−1), diphenyl diselenide did not cause histological alterations in the liver of rats. Taken together, these results demonstrated that subchronic exposure to diphenyl diselenide at high doses induced minor toxicological effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining lustration in Central Europe: a ‘post-communist politics’ approach

Lustration, the vetting of public officials in Central Europe for links to the communist-era security services, has been pursued most systematically in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Prior attempts to explain the pursuit or avoidance of lustration focused on the differing experiences of communist rule or transition to democracy. A closer examination finds that although the three countries in question had very different histories, there were identical demands for lustration in the early 1990s. These demands were translated into legislation at different times and varied considerably in the range of offices affected and the sanctions imposed. This article offers an explanation of this variation by focusing on the dynamics of post-communist political competition. We find that the passage of a lustration bill depended on the ability of its most ardent advocates to persuade a heterogeneous plurality of legislators that the safeguarding of democracy required it. Sussex European Institute, Arts A Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9SH, UK Assistant to György Schöpflin MEP, ASP 12E216, European Parliament, Rue Wiertz, B-1047 Brussels, Belgium
Multiple Measures of the Effectiveness of Public School Montessori Education in the Third Grade

The problem of this study was to measure the effectiveness of a public school Montessori program. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare student academic achievement and self-concept, attendance and promotion rates, and level of parental involvement in the schools of students enrolled in public school Montessori and traditional programs. The 95 subjects in this study were third-grade subjects selected from the student populations in Montessori and traditional school sites. The Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) was used as the pre-test scores, and the Norm-referenced Assessment Program for Texas (NAPT) was used as the post-test scores to compare academic achievement in reading and mathematics. Multiple regression was used to compare the levels of academic achievement and self-concept. Multiple regression was also used to test for possible relationship between the Montessori and traditional programs and gender and ethnicity.
Aspergillus and cystic fibrosis: old disease – new classifications

Purpose of review Aspergillus pulmonary infection has traditionally been recognized as a clinical spectrum of increasing pathogenicity, encompassing saprophytic airways colonization historically regarded of doubtful clinical significance, to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic cavitatory and life-threatening invasive disease in the immunocompromised host. Whilst the latter two categories are rarely encountered in cystic fibrosis (CF), there is recognition of an extending spectrum of disease yet to be reflected in consensus management guidelines. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of this extending spectrum, with a focus on disease categories and their clinical significance. Recent findings Conflicting evidence regarding the clinical significance of Aspergillus colonization and sensitization in CF, alongside the emergence of a novel disease category ‘Aspergillus bronchitis’, has led to proposals for the reclassification of Aspergillus disease. In addition, lack of standardization and poor sensitivity of culture-dependent mycology techniques renders clinical and epidemiological interpretation of these isolates challenging. Summary The role of Aspergillus in the absence of established CF-allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis remains unclear. The following review discusses new approaches proposed to categorise the extended spectrum of CF Aspergillus disease, highlighting the need for enhanced microbiological investigation and serological monitoring of patients in light of evidence which differentiates colonization from categories of greater pathogenic potential.
Ecobehavioral Assessment in Early Childhood Programs

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the nature of preschool children's experiences in inclusive early childhood programs. The momentary time-sampling data reported in this article represented 3 hours of observational information per child for 112 preschoolers with and without disabilities in 16 community-based, inclusive preschool programs in four states. In general, children with and without disabilities exhibited similar child behaviors and were meaningfully engaged in a variety of adult- and child-initiated activities within similar activity contexts. Two noteworthy between-group differences were that (a) children without disabilities, compared to those with disabilities, participated in more child-child social behaviors and (b) children with disabilities received more adult support and attention than peers without disabilities. These ecobehavioral data begin to "paint a portrait" of preschool inclusion. This "portrait" revealed that children with disabilities were physically included but suggested that if social integration of young children with and without disabilities is a primary goal of inclusion, then additional, focused intervention efforts may be required to establish socially inclusive programs for young children with and without disabilities.
The origins of sex differences in depressive disorder: Bridging the gap

The high prevalence of depressive disorder in women is well established. However, it has not been convincingly explained. This reflects a more general failure of research to provide a comprehensive aetiological account of depression. The examination of the sex difference can be used as a probe to evaluate how far we have gone in substantiating integrated models of depressive disorder. In this paper, I review several lines of investigation in order to assess the relative importance of social, psychological and biological influences on the sex difference in depression. These include the epidemiology of macrosocial variables and age effects, and the exploration of relevant psychological attributes, including temperament, personality, and attributional and coping styles. We must also consider the experience of psychosocial adversity, and in particular the possibility of an increased susceptibility of women to some forms of stress. Both the tendency to affiliation and the requirement for social support seem st.
Extraordinary consumer experiences: Why immersion and transformation cause trouble

This paper presents and discusses how consumers are transformed in and out of immersion during extraordinary, long-lasting wilderness canoeing experiences. Based on a hermeneutic multi-phase empirical approach, we show how extraordinary experiences can be dynamic, multifaceted, and emergent. The positive connotations of prior research are questioned as we find that consumers face various paradoxes and ambiguities throughout the various consumption phases. While a major part of research today focuses on the co-creation efforts of consumers when they combine various on-site resource of experiencescapes, our findings point to the importance of understanding consumer resources. The distinction held between the ordinary and the extraordinary does not hold within the present context, and we discuss how role conflicts may influence transformation and immersion during consumption of experiences.
Effect of sustained use of platelet aggregation inhibitors on post‐endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding

The effect of platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAI) on post‐endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) bleeding in patients who cannot discontinue PAI for sufficient time in urgent conditions has not been identified. The present study analyzed the effect of sustained use of PAI on post‐procedural bleeding in patients undergoing ES.