Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Palliative care referral among patients hospitalized with advanced heart failure.

BACKGROUND Many heart failure (HF) patients experience high symptom burden, but palliative care (PC) services have been used infrequently in this population. OBJECTIVE The specific aim of this study was to identify individual-level factors associated with PC referral. METHODS The study sample included adult patients hospitalized at an academic medical center with a primary diagnosis of HF between January 2005 and June 2010. Inpatient records were merged with the PC database to identify HF patients who received PC consultations. The analytical sample included 2647 HF admissions. We used descriptive statistics to characterize HF patients who received and did not receive PC services. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify patient characteristics that predict PC referral. RESULTS Just over 6% of patients with HF were referred to PC during their hospitalization. We identified the following statistically significant determinants of PC referral: secondary diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, receipt of thoracentesis, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and prior HF-related hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS Currently, only a fraction of HF patients who are at high risk for morbidity and mortality receive PC services. Additional research is needed to identify factors associated with PC referral that can be prospectively identified, and to develop better prediction models to identify HF patients who may benefit from PC referral.
Rhinoviruses Are a Major Cause of Wheezing and Hospitalization in Children Less Than 2 Years of Age

Background: Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are now considered major respiratory pathogens. We sought to determine whether HRV are a cause of wheezing and/or hospitalization in children <2 years old. Methods: A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to screen for HRV infection in 4 categories of children <2 years old: (1) with symptoms of respiratory tract disease without wheezing; (2) with wheezing with or without other symptoms; (3) who were asymptomatic and; (4) who had a respiratory specimen submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. All specimens were collected between January and December 2004. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on most HRV isolates. Results: Twenty-eight (17%) of 165 children with symptoms of respiratory infection without wheezing; 21 (26.3%) of 80 children with wheezing; 3 (3%) of 93 asymptomatic children; and 47 (23.3%) of 202 children with specimens submitted to the diagnostic laboratory tested positive for HRV. The difference between the rates of infection in the asymptomatic group and in each of the 3 other categories was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01). Among HRV-positive children with samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory, 55% were hospitalized, which was similar to that observed for respiratory syncytial virus (52.7%) among children of a similar age group and time period (P = 0.85). Diverse groups of HRV were circulating during the 1-year study period. Conclusions: HRV are important pathogens among children <2 years old and are responsible for a significant proportion of wheezing this age group. The hospitalization rates of HRV-positive children seem to be similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus.
Job strain in relation to body mass index: pooled analysis of 160 000 adults from 13 cohort studies

Abstract. Nyberg ST, Heikkilä K, Fransson EI, Alfredsson L, De Bacquer D, Bjorner JB, Bonenfant S, Borritz M, Burr H, Casini A, Clays E, Dragano N, Erbel R, Geuskens GA, Goldberg M, Hooftman WE, Houtman IL, Jöckel K‐H, Kittel F, Knutsson A, Koskenvuo M, Leineweber C, Lunau T, Madsen IEH, Magnusson Hanson LL, Marmot MG, Nielsen ML, Nordin M, Oksanen T, Pentti J, Rugulies R, Siegrist J, Suominen S, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Westerholm P, Westerlund H, Zins M, Ferrie JE, Theorell T, Steptoe A, Hamer M, Singh‐Manoux A, Batty GD, Kivimäki M, for the IPD‐Work Consortium (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Versailles‐Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France; Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France; Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Maritime Health and Safety, Esbjerg, Denmark; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; University Duisburg‐Essen, Essen, Germany; West‐German Heart Center Essen, University Duisburg‐Essen, Essen, Germany; TNO, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands; Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; University College London, London, UK; Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; University of Turku, Turku; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Uppsala University, Uppsala; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Bristol, Bristol; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland). Job strain in relation to body mass index: pooled analysis of 160 000 adults from 13 cohort studies. J Intern Med 2012; 272: 65–73.
Idea evaluation: Error in evaluating highly original ideas

Idea evaluation is a critical aspect of creative thought. However, a number of errors might occur in the evaluation of new ideas. One error commonly observed is the tendency to underestimate the originality of truly novel ideas. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess whether analysis of the process leading to the idea generation and analysis of product originality would act to offset underestimation error in the evaluation of highly original new ideas. Accordingly, 181 undergraduates were asked to evaluate the originality of marketing campaigns being developed by six different teams where the level of idea originality was varied. Manipulations were induced to encourage active analysis of interactional processes and the originality of team products. It was found that active analysis of product originality and appraisal of interactional processes reduced errors in evaluating the originality of highly novel ideas. The implications of these findings for the evaluation of new ideas are discussed.
The 2003 War in Iraq

This research incorporated an ecological approach to examine American and Northern Irish children's understanding of the 2003 war in Iraq and the sources of information from which they acquired that understanding. Responses to interviews indicated that the children from the two countries had some common conceptions of and sources of information about the war. However, American and Northern Irish children also differed on several items, suggesting that the macrosystem (e.g. sociopolitical context) plays an important role in children's conceptions of the war. Additionally, the exosystem (media) also played an integral role, as did the microsystem (parents), although to a lesser extent.
Ability to disengage attention predicts negative affect

This investigation addresses the hypothesis that negative affect is associated with decreased ability to shift attention to a new focus. Thirty-nine participants completed a covert attentional orienting task and then viewed a distressing film clip. Mood was measured by self-report at the beginning and end of the session. Correlations between attentional orienting performance and self-reported mood indicated that participants with greater response time costs on invalidly cued trials reported more negative affect in response to the film. These results support the hypothesis that negative affect is associated with a slowness to disengage attention.
Signaling and Regulation The p 38 MAPK – MK 2 Axis Regulates E 2 F 1 and FOXM 1 Expression after Epirubicin Treatment

E2F1 is responsible for the regulation of FOXM1 expression, which plays a key role in epirubicin resistance. Here, weexamined the role and regulationofE2F1 in response to epirubicin incancer cells.Wefirst showed thatE2F1plays a key role in promoting FOXM1expression, cell survival, and epirubicin resistance as its depletion by siRNA attenuated FOXM1 induction and cell viability in response to epirubicin.We also found that the p38–MAPKactivitymirrors the expression patterns of E2F1 and FOXM1 in both epirubicin-sensitive and -resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells, suggesting that p38 has a role in regulating E2F1 expression and epirubicin resistance. Consistently, studies using pharmacologic inhibitors, siRNA knockdown, and knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) revealed that p38 mediates the E2F1 induction by epirubicin and that the induction of E2F1 by p38 is, in turn, mediated through its downstream kinase MK2 [mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2; MAPKAPK2]. In agreement, in vitro phosphorylation assays showed that MK2 can directly phosphorylate E2F1 at Ser-364. Transfection assays also showed that E2F1 phosphorylation at Ser-364 participates in its induction by epirubicin but also suggests that other phosphorylation events are also involved. In addition, the p38–MK2 axis can also limit cjun-NH2-kinase (JNK) induction by epirubicin and, notably, JNK represses FOXM1 expression. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of p38–MK2 signaling in the control of E2F1 and FOXM1 expression as well as epirubicin sensitivity. Mol Cancer Res; 10(9); 1189–202. 2012 AACR.
Socioeconomic disadvantage, gestational immune activity, and neurodevelopment in early childhood

Significance Children raised in economically disadvantaged households face increased risks of poor health in adulthood, suggesting early origins of socioeconomic inequalities in health. In fact, maternal immune activity in response to stressful conditions during pregnancy has been found to play a key role in fetal brain development. Here we show that socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with lower concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 during the third trimester of pregnancy and, in turn, with offspring’s neurologic abnormalities during the first year of life. These results suggest stress–immune mechanisms as one potential pathophysiologic pathway involved in the early origins of population health inequalities. Children raised in economically disadvantaged households face increased risks of poor health in adulthood, suggesting that inequalities in health have early origins. From the child’s perspective, exposure to economic hardship may begin as early as conception, potentially via maternal neuroendocrine–immune responses to prenatal stressors, which adversely impact neurodevelopment. Here we investigate whether socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with gestational immune activity and whether such activity is associated with abnormalities among offspring during infancy. We analyzed concentrations of five immune markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) in maternal serum from 1,494 participants in the New England Family Study in relation to the level of maternal socioeconomic disadvantage and their involvement in offspring neurologic abnormalities at 4 mo and 1 y of age. Median concentrations of IL-8 were lower in the most disadvantaged pregnancies [−1.53 log(pg/mL); 95% CI: −1.81, −1.25]. Offspring of these pregnancies had significantly higher risk of neurologic abnormalities at 4 mo [odds ratio (OR) = 4.61; CI = 2.84, 7.48] and 1 y (OR = 2.05; CI = 1.08, 3.90). This higher risk was accounted for in part by fetal exposure to lower maternal IL-8, which also predicted higher risks of neurologic abnormalities at 4 mo (OR = 7.67; CI = 4.05, 14.49) and 1 y (OR = 2.92; CI = 1.46, 5.87). Findings support the role of maternal immune activity in fetal neurodevelopment, exacerbated in part by socioeconomic disadvantage. This finding reveals a potential pathophysiologic pathway involved in the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in health.
Children’s comprehension problems in oral and written language: a cognitive perspective

Taylor and Francis CEJI_A_521402. sgm 10.1080/14675986.2010. 521402 Intercultural Education 467-5986 (pri t)/1469-8439 (online) Original Article 2 10 & Francis 1 50 0 00October 20 0 Miss Rosse laBeltra e ros ell . beltr m @univr it Children’s comprehension problems in oral and written language: a cognitive perspective, edited by Kate Cain and Jane Oakhill, New York, The Guilford Press, 2008, 295 pp., $27.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-59385-832-2
Transition to Retirement: Effect of Participation in Preretirement Education in Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of preretirement education on the retirement transition plans of workers in Nigeria. The sample includes preretirees of Wema Bank PLC and the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority who participated in preretirement education workshops. The study shows that a majority of workers would prefer to retire at the normal age, but they fear that management can retire them at any time and for any reason. This fear was revealed by the concerns generated when participants received their letters of invitation for the preretirement workshop. The findings show that more than two-thirds (88.9%) of the workers agreed that preretirement education would assist them in their adjustment to retirement. The study concludes that preretirement education has the ability to generate positive changes in attitudes and habits as well as create positive preparedness. These benefits of preretirement education will facilitate the transition to retirement.
Growth response to increasing doses of microencapsulated vitamin B12 and related changes in tissue vitamin B12 concentrations in cobalt-de cient lambs

Abstract AIM: To investigate growth responses of cobalt-deficient lambs to increasing doses of microencapsulated vitamin B12, and to measure associated changes in serum and liver vitamin B12 concentrations over 243 days. METHODS: From a flock grazing pastures that had low cobalt (Co) levels (about 0.06 mg Co/kg dry matter), 4-6-week-old lambs (n=137) were assigned to four groups and received either no treatment or a subcutaneous injection of 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 mg of microencapsulated vitamin B12 on Day 1. At approximately monthly intervals, all lambs were weighed and blood samples were collected from a selection (n=10) of monitor animals, up to Day 243. Liver biopsies were also carried out on the monitor lambs (n=8) on Days 1, 124 and 215. RESULTS: The vitamin B12-treated lambs grew significantly faster (p<0.001) than untreated animals. Liveweights after 243 days were 28, 45, 45 and 47 kg for the untreated, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mg vitamin B12-treated lambs, respectively. Of the initial group of untreated lambs, 68% had to be removed before the end of the trial because of substantial weight loss, but none of the treated animals were similarly afflicted. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations increased in all vitamin B12-treated lambs, reaching a peak at Day 25, and those of the 4.5 and 6.0 mg vitamin B12-treated lambs remained significantly higher (except at Day 124) than the untreated lambs to Day 187. However, at Day 124, but not Day 215, the liver vitamin B12 concentrations of treated lambs were two to three times higher than those of controls. CONCLUSIONS: The growth rates of Co-deficient lambs were markedly improved by injection of 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 mg of microencapsulated vitamin B12, and liveweights were maintained for at least 243 days. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were related to this growth response; concentrations of <220 pmol vitamin B12/l were associated with a 95% probability that lambs were Co-deficient and would thus respond to Co/vitamin B12 supplementation. Based on these data, the current New Zealand reference criteria for Co deficiency should be reviewed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: An injection of 3 mg microencapsulated vitamin B122 given to lambs at tailing will treat Co deficiency and will increase and maintain liveweights in a flock for up to 8 months.
Activity of alemtuzumab in patients with CD52‐positive acute leukemia

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface antigen CD52 and has demonstrated activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other CD52‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders. Because CD52 also is expressed on acute leukemic blasts, the authors investigated the safety and efficacy of alemtuzumab in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Local Growth Coalition: The Context and Implications of China's Gradualist Urban Land Reforms

China's urban land reforms are being implemented within a framework of general economic reforms which are gradualist in nature. Thus, the urban land reforms are moving step by step towards the establishment of a land market. This gradualism is developing in association with a redefinition of central-local intergovernmental relations in the reform era, and with the advent of localism. In this context, gradual urban land reforms have become an implicit programme to nurture local enterprises and developers, a means of fostering local government-enterprise coalitions and an instrument to strengthen local government's position in local development. During the systematic transition toward a socialist market economy, booming Chinese cities are formulating informal local 'urban regimes' to compete for local growth by capitalizing on financial gains derived from a dual market of urban land and property development. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1999.
S(he) loves me, s(he) loves me not: Predictors of relational information‐seeking in courtship and beyond

This study extends Baxter and Wilmot's (1984) work on the secret tests couples use to acquire information about the state of their relationships. No gender differences were found in levels of testing or in the use of specific tests in our sample of 226 romantically‐involved individuals, who reported on 1025 instances of testing. The effects of commitment, perceptions of partner's commitment, courtship progress, and jealousy on testing were also examined. Overall amount of testing was inversely correlated with courtship progress, suggesting that such tests characterize the earliest stages of courtship, and positively correlated with jealousy. In addition, females who perceived that their partners were less committed to their relationships were slightly more likely to engage in relational information‐seeking. Reliance upon specific tests was associated with several of the relationship measures. For instance, Endurance tests were best predicted by perceptions of high partner commitment; Separation tests were.
Enhanced LL‐37 expression following vitamin D supplementation in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

The morbidity and mortality of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) are high among patients with cirrhosis; however, the mechanisms of SBP pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the role of the vitamin D‐LL‐37 pathway in the pathogenesis and treatment in patients with cirrhosis and SBP.
Effect of transforaminal anterior epidural steroid injection on neuropathic pain, quality of sleep and life.

OBJECTIVES Transforaminal anterior steroid injections are frequently used for low back pain. In the current study, It was aimed to investigate the effects of transforaminal anterior epidural steroid injection (TAESI) in patients with low back pain in regards to quality of life and sleep, and neuropathic pain. METHODS Ethics committee approval and patient consent were obtained. Patients with low back pain scheduled to receive transforaminal epidural steroid injections between October 2011 and October 2012 were included into the study. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Short form 12 (SF 12), DN4 tests and Visual Analog Scale Score (VAS) were measured prior to procedure and three months later. All the tests were compared with baseline evaluations prior to injections. RESULTS One hundred and two (female/male: 52/50) patients with a mean age of 53.3 ± 1.4 were included. Primary diagnoses were lumbar disc herniation in eighty-seven patients, spinal stenosis in seven and failed back surgery syndrome in eight patients. Statistically significant improvement was seen in the total VAS, DN4 and PSQI scores (p=0.0001) of the patients at the third month follow-up. Sleep duration (p=0.0001), habitual sleep efficiency (p=0.0001), subjective sleep quality (p=0.003), sleep latency (p=0.014), sleep disturbances (p<0.001), sleep medication use (p=0.003), and day time dysfunction (p=0.015) showed a significant decrease in sub-components. There was no significant difference in SF 12 quality of life. CONCLUSION It was determined in the study that transforaminal epidural steroid injection provided a substantial improvement in patients' pain and neuropathic pain and quality of sleep, but had no effect on the quality of life.
Enriching Text-to-Speech Synthesis Using Automatic Dialog Act Tags

We present an approach for enriching dialog based text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis systems by explicitly controlling the expressiveness through the use of dialog act tags. The dialog act tags in our framework are automatically obtained by training a maximum entropy classiﬁer on the Switchboard-DAMSL data set, unrelated to the TTS database. We compare the voice quality produced by exploiting automatic dialog act tags with that using human annotations of dialog acts, and with two forms of reference databases. Even though the inventory of tags is different for the automatic tagger and human annotation, exploiting either form of dialog markup generates better voice quality in comparison with the reference voices in subjective evaluation.