Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fat or Lean Tissue Mass: Which One Is the Major Determinant of Bone Mineral Mass in Healthy Postmenopausal Women?

The relative importance of fat and lean tissue mass in determining bone mineral mass among postmenopausal women was examined in this 1‐year longitudinal study. Fifty postmenopausal Caucasian women entered the study; 45 of them completed a 1‐year follow‐up. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was employed for measuring total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), fat tissue mass (FTM), lean tissue mass (LTM), and body weight. Results from linear regression analysis using the cross‐sectional data (n = 50) of the study indicated that LTM explained a larger percentage of variation in bone mineral mass than did FTM. FTM and LTM were found to be moderately correlated (r = 0.55); when FTM was entered in the same predicting regression models, LTM was a significant predictor (p < 0.05) of the total and regional BMC, but not BMD. The percent FTM (and inversely %LTM) was correlated with BMD and BMC, but significant correlation was primarily found only for total body BMD (or BMC). Weight was the best predictor of total body BMD and BMC. Longitudinally (n = 45), annual changes in both FTM and weight were significantly associated with annual changes in regional BMD after adjustment for initial bone mineral values (p < 0.05). We conclude that bone mineral mass is more closely related to LTM than to FTM, while annual changes in regional BMD are more closely correlated with changes in FTM in healthy postmenopausal women. Meanwhile, increased body weight is significantly associated with increased bone mineral mass.
A linear-encoding model explains the variability of the target morphology in regeneration

A fundamental assumption of today's molecular genetics paradigm is that complex morphology emerges from the combined activity of low-level processes involving proteins and nucleic acids. An inherent characteristic of such nonlinear encodings is the difficulty of creating the genetic and epigenetic information that will produce a given self-assembling complex morphology. This ‘inverse problem’ is vital not only for understanding the evolution, development and regeneration of bodyplans, but also for synthetic biology efforts that seek to engineer biological shapes. Importantly, the regenerative mechanisms in deer antlers, planarian worms and fiddler crabs can solve an inverse problem: their target morphology can be altered specifically and stably by injuries in particular locations. Here, we discuss the class of models that use pre-specified morphological goal states and propose the existence of a linear encoding of the target morphology, making the inverse problem easy for these organisms to solve. Indeed, many model organisms such as Drosophila, hydra and Xenopus also develop according to nonlinear encodings producing linear encodings of their final morphologies. We propose the development of testable models of regeneration regulation that combine emergence with a top-down specification of shape by linear encodings of target morphology, driving transformative applications in biomedicine and synthetic bioengineering.
Methodologic Quality of Systematic Reviews Published in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Literature: A Systematic Review

Background: Well-conducted systematic reviews have a critical role in informing evidence-based decision-making in plastic surgery. The authors' objective was to assess the methodologic quality of systematic reviews in the plastic surgery literature. Methods: The authors systematically assessed all systematic reviews in 10 high-impact plastic surgery journals using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2003 to 2013. These were evaluated for methodologic quality using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), a validated 11-point instrument. Results: After removal of duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 190 systematic reviews met eligibility criteria. The majority of systematic reviews were published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (n = 88). The most common domain covered was reconstruction (17.9 percent). Using AMSTAR, the median score was 4 (interquartile range, 2.25 to 6.00) on a scale of 1 to 11. No increase in AMSTAR score was observed with time (p = 0.18). Almost half of all systematic reviews (48.4 percent) included at least two independent data extractors, and less than one-third of them (15.3 percent) searched unpublished studies or provided a list of both included and excluded studies (14.8 percent). The methodologic quality of included primary studies was evaluated in 35.3 percent. Conclusions: Systematic reviews in plastic surgery demonstrated inadequate adherence to methodologic standards of quality, which raises concerns about validity. There has been an increase in the number of systematic reviews published in plastic surgery over the past decade, yet there has been no significant improvement observed in methodologic quality.
Tablet versus phone: Depth perception in handheld augmented reality

Augmented Reality (AR) applications on mobile devices like smartphones and tablet computers have become increasingly popular. In this paper, for the first time in the AR domain, we present: (1) the influence of different handheld displays and (2) the exocentric depth perception. Unlike egocentric depth perception, exocentric depth perception has not been investigated in AR. We have selected a suitable vision-based tracking method for our user studies based on a set of evaluations. Then we have investigated the effect of display size and resolution through two user studies. One study investigated the effect of different displays on egocentric depth perception. The other study investigated the effect of displays on exocentric and ordinal depth perception. Interestingly, we noticed depth compression is less when using a mobile phone, while participants subjectively preferred a tablet. A similar effect was also noticed in exocentric depth perception. The tablet provided significantly better ordinal depth perception and faster response time than the mobile phone. In both of the studies, we found no effect of the AR X-ray visualization on depth perception. Both egocentric and exocentric distances were underestimated.
A Random Tiling Model for Two Dimensional Electrostatics

Part A. A Random Tiling Model for Two Dimensional Electrostatics: Introduction Definitions, statement of results and physical interpretation Reduction to boundary-influenced correlations A simple product formula for correlations along the boundary A $(2m+2n)$-fold sum for $\omega_b$ Separation of the $(2m+2n)$-fold sum for $\omega_b$ in terms of $4mn$-fold integrals The asymptotics of the $T^{(n)}$'s and ${T}^{(n)}$'s Replacement of the $T^{(k)}$'s and ${T}^{(k)}$'s by their asymptotics Proof of Proposition 7.2 The asymptotics of a multidimensional Laplace integral The asymptotics of $\omega_b$. Proof of Theorem 2.2 Another simple product formula for correlations along the boundary The asymptotics of $\bar{\omega}_b$. Proof of Theorem 2.1 A conjectured general two dimensional Superposition Principle Three dimensions and concluding remarks Bibliography Part B. Plane Partitions I: A Generalization of MacMahon's Formula: Introduction Two families of regions Reduction to simply-connected regions Recurrences for $\textup{M}(R_{{\bf1},{\bf q}}(x))$ and $\textup{M}(\bar{R}_{{\bf1},{\bf q}}(x))$ Proof of Proposition 2.1 The guessing of $\textup{M}(R_{{\bf1},{\bf q}}(x))$ and $\textup{M}(\bar{R}_{{\bf1},{\bf q}}(x))$ Bibliography.
Coplanar Full Adder in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata via Clock-Zone-Based Crossover

We use a coplanar QCA crossover architecture in the design of QCA full adders that leads to reduction of QCA cell count and area consumption without any latency penalty. This crossover uses non-adjacent clock zones for the two crossing wires. We further investigate the impact of these gains on carry flow QCA adders. These designs have been realized with QCADesigner, evaluated, and tested for correctness. For better performance comparison with previous relevant works, we use a QCA-specific cost function, as well as the conventional evaluation method. We show 23% cell count and 48% area improvements over the best previous QCA full adder design. Similar results for 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit adders are 29% (22%), 24% (51%), 19% (54%), 13% (69%), and 9% (49%) cell count reduction (less area consumption), respectively.
Investigation on Influence of Halloysite Nanoclay and Carbon Nanotubes on Cement Nano Composites- A Critical Review

This paper aims to provide an insight into the various developments that have taken place since the introduction of nano materials into cement mortar. Earlier, cement and sand with aggregates were the basic materials used for construction. But as time passed by, there have been considerable advancements and many other materials whose structural stability have been studied upon as a means to move away from the conventional form and improve the performance of cement composites at the same time. It all began with the inclusion of plasticisers and then in present times, we have moved on to the use of nano materials as a substitute for strength gain. In this paper, various experiments conducted with the use of nano materials, especially halloysite nano clay and Multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been highlighted in order to provide an in depth knowledge of CNT and their individual effects on the strength of cement mortar.
Mismatch repair deficiency is an uncommon mechanism of alkylator resistance in pediatric malignant gliomas: A report from the children's oncology group

Alkylating agents are commonly used in the treatment of childhood malignant gliomas. Overexpression of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) constitutes an important mechanism for resistance to such agents, and MGMT status has been associated with outcome in several recent trials. Deficiency in mismatch repair (MMR) function has been implicated in preclinical studies as an additional potential mechanism of resistance to methylating agents, such as temozolomide, independent of tumor MGMT status. However, the frequency of this abnormality as a clinical resistance mechanism in childhood malignant gliomas has not been well characterized.
Social support, depression, and mortality during the first year after myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND We previously reported that depression after myocardial infarction (MI) increases the long-term risk of cardiac mortality. Other research suggests that social support may also influence prognosis. This article examines the interrelationships between baseline depression and social support in terms of cardiac prognosis and changes in depression symptoms over the first post-MI year. METHODS AND RESULTS For this study, 887 patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) at about 7 days after MI. Some 32% had BDIs > or =10, indicating mild to moderate depression. One-year survival status was determined for all patients. Follow-up interviews, including the BDI, were conducted with 89% of survivors. There were 39 deaths (35 cardiac). Elevated BDI scores were related to cardiac mortality (P=0.0006), but PSSS scores and other measures of social support were not. There was a significant interaction between depression and the PSSS (P=0. 016). The relationship between depression and cardiac mortality decreased with increasing support. Furthermore, residual change score analysis revealed that among 1-year survivors who had been depressed at baseline, higher baseline social support was related to more improvement in depression symptoms than expected. CONCLUSIONS Post-MI depression is a predictor of 1-year cardiac mortality, but social support is not directly related to survival. However, very high levels of support appear to buffer the impact of depression on mortality. Furthermore, high levels of support predict improvements in depression symptoms over the first post-MI year in depressed patients. High levels of support may protect patients from the negative prognostic consequences of depression because of improvements in depression symptoms.
Evaluation of collapse and non-collapse of parallel bridges affected by liquefaction and lateral spreading.

The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center and the California Department of Transportation have recently developed design guidelines for computing foundation demands during lateral spreading using equivalent static analysis (ESA) procedures. In this study, ESA procedures are applied to two parallel bridges that were damaged during the 2010 M 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake in Baja California, Mexico. The bridges are both located approximately 15 km from the surface rupture of the fault on soft alluvial soil site conditions. Estimated median ground motions in the area in the absence of liquefaction triggering are peak ground accelerations = 0.27g and peak ground velocity = 38 cm/sec (RotD50 components). The bridges are structurally similar and both are supported on deep foundations, yet they performed differently during the earthquake. A span of the pile-supported railroad bridge collapsed, whereas the drilled-shaft-supported highway bridge suffered only moderate damage and remained in service following the earthquake. The ESA procedures applied to the structures using a consistent and repeatable framework for developing input parameters captured both the collapse of the railroad bridge and the performance of the highway bridge. Selection of the geotechnical and structural modeling parameters is discussed as well as combining inertial demands with kinematic demands from lateral spreading.
Synthesis of different photocatalytic or superhydrophobic materials for environmental applications

This thesis details the development of different novel systems for environmental applications. Firstly, the synthesis of TiO2 photocatalyst thin films was achieved on glass slides, glass frit and glass wool by immersed into a Ti-containing sol followed by annealing processes to obtain potent photo-active surfaces. Secondly, Silicalite-1 (S1) coatings were prepared on the glass slide and glass wool by hydrothermal synthesis and subsequently immersed into a Ti-containing sol to create a silica fibre core surrounded by concentric layers of S1 and TiO2 to increase their specific surface area and roughness which led to an improved photocatalytic activity. Thirdly, highly efficacious UV-light activated photocatalytic surfaces were prepared by mixing commercial P25 TiO2 nanopowder and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The resulting samples were characterized by standard characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement. The samples were evaluated using different photocatalytic tests including the intelligent ink test, degradation of stearic acid, removal of heavy metal, adsorption and degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4- CP) and cinnamic acid under UVA light (l = 365 nm) for photocatalytic applications. The observed results showed that the modified samples have potential use in water cleaning applications. Lastly, an optimized superhydrophobic material was generated by the S1 roughening and subsequent hydrophobic surface treatment of silica filter membranes for water-oil separation systems. The material is both highly rough and intrinsically hydrophobic, resulting in superhydrophobic membranes which show a substantial affinity for hydrophobic solvents and oils. The membranes are syringe-mounted, suction pressure is applied and the selective collection of oil is achieved. The membranes are extremely robust, which is a result of the zeolitic roughening process, they possess small pores (0.7 μm), thus these devices can perform complete separation and operate at a range of suction pressures. The devices could be readily used in a range of real-world applications, including oil spill clean-up and industrial filters.
What is responsible for the carcinogenicity of PM2.5?

Aims: To test whether exposure to known chemical carcinogens in the atmosphere is capable of explaining the association between concentrations of PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality observed in the extended ACS Cohort Study.1 Methods: Taking account of possible cancer latency periods, lung cancer rates due to exposure to As, Cr(VI), Ni, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were calculated based on a review of historic measurements from the United States and the use of unit risk factors. The predicted rates were compared with rates of cancer attributable to PM2.5 derived from data in the ACS study.1 Results: Despite many uncertainties, the lung cancer rates predicted due to exposure to US urban concentrations of the carcinogenic substances arsenic, nickel, chromium, and PAHs measured in 1960 and earlier (and hence allowing for a latency period) were within the range predicted on the basis of the ACS Cohort Study due to exposure of PM2.5. There are, however, many caveats, most particularly that for the chemical carcinogens to be responsible for the effects attributed to PM2.5 by Pope and colleagues,1 the concentrations of chemical carcinogens at the time of relevant exposures would need to be correlated with the concentrations of PM2.5 in US urban areas measured between 1979 and 2000 and used in the ACS study. Conclusions: While many uncertainties remain, it appears plausible that known chemical carcinogens are responsible for the lung cancers attributed to PM2.5 exposure in the extended ACS Cohort Study. However, the possibility should not be ruled out that particulate matter is capable of causing lung cancer independent of the presence of known carcinogens.
Perioperative red blood cell transfusion in orofacial surgery

In the field of orofacial surgery, a red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) is occasionally required during double jaw and oral cancer surgery. However, the question remains whether the effect of RBCT during the perioperative period is beneficial or harmful. The answer to this question remains challenging. In the field of orofacial surgery, transfusion is performed for the purpose of oxygen transfer to hypoxic tissues and plasma volume expansion when there is bleeding. However, there are various risks, such as infectious complications (viral and bacterial), transfusion-related acute lung injury, ABO and non-ABO associated hemolytic transfusion reactions, febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease, transfusion associated circulatory overload, and hypersensitivity transfusion reaction including anaphylaxis and transfusion-related immune-modulation. Many studies and guidelines have suggested RBCT is considered when hemoglobin levels recorded are 7 g/dL for general patients and 8-9 g/dL for patients with cardiovascular disease or hemodynamically unstable patients. However, RBCT is occasionally an essential treatment during surgeries and it is often required in emergency cases. We need to comprehensively consider postoperative bleeding, different clinical situations, the level of intra- and postoperative patient monitoring, and various problems that may arise from a transfusion, in the perspective of patient safety. Since orofacial surgery has an especially high risk of bleeding due to the complex structures involved and the extensive vascular distribution, measures to prevent bleeding should be taken and the conditions for a transfusion should be optimized and appropriate in order to promote patient safety.
Networked Privacy Management in Facebook: A Mixed-Methods and Multinational Study

Users of social network services (SNSs) have to cope with a new set of privacy challenges because personal information on an SNS is often co-owned and co-managed by various distributed social ties. Using a multi-methods and multinational approach, we investigated Facebook users' privacy behavior by focusing on how they co-manage private information. Our findings from focus-group interviews (n = 28) and online surveys (n = 299) suggest that Facebook users primarily apply four different practices of privacy management: collaborative strategies, corrective strategies, preventive strategies, and information control. The four dimensions of privacy management display selective relationships with theoretical antecedents (e.g., self-efficacy, collective-efficacy, attitudes, privacy concern), indicating that each behavior is motivated by a different combination of conditions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Increased Cortical Porosity and Reduced Trabecular Density Are Not Necessarily Synonymous With Bone Loss and Microstructural Deterioration

Absolute values of cortical porosity and trabecular density are used to estimate fracture risk, but these values are the net result of their growth‐related assembly and age‐related deterioration. Because bone loss affects both cortical and trabecular bone, we hypothesized that a surrogate measure of bone fragility should capture the age‐related deterioration of both traits, and should do so independently of their peak values. Accordingly, we developed a structural fragility score (SFS), which quantifies the increment in distal radial cortical porosity and decrement in trabecular density relative to their premenopausal mean values in 99 postmenopausal women with forearm fractures and 105 controls using HR‐pQCT. We expressed the results as odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI). Cortical porosity was associated with fractures in the presence of deteriorated trabecular density (OR 2.30; 95% CI, 1.30 to 4.05; p = 0.004), but not if trabecular deterioration was absent (OR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.86; p = 0.91). Likewise, trabecular density was associated with fractures in the presence of high cortical porosity (OR 3.35; 95% CI, 1.85 to 6.07; p < 0.0001), but not in its absence (OR 1.60; 95% CI, 0.78 to 3.28; p = 0.20). The SFS, which captures coexisting cortical and trabecular deterioration, was associated with fractures (OR 4.52; 95% CI, 2.17 to 9.45; p < 0.0001). BMD was associated with fracture before accounting for the SFS (OR 5.79; 95% CI, 1.24 to 27.1; p = 0.026), not after (OR 4.38; 95% CI, 0.48 to 39.9; p = 0.19). The SFS was associated with fracture before (OR 4.67; 95% CI, 2.21 to 9.88) and after (OR 3.94; 95% CI, 1.80 to 8.6) accounting for BMD (both ps < 0.0001). The disease of bone fragility is captured by cortical and trabecular deterioration: A measurement of coexisting cortical and trabecular deterioration is likely to identify women at risk for fracture more robustly than absolute values of cortical porosity, trabecular density, or BMD. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Title: Subtype-specific Dendritic Ca 2+ Dynamics of Inhibitory Interneurons in the Rat Visual and Duck-joo

Title: Subtype-specific dendritic Ca dynamics of inhibitory interneurons in the rat visual 1 cortex 2 3 Authors: Kwang-Hyun Cho, Jin Hwa Jang, Hyun-Jong Jang, Myung-Jun Kim, Shin 4 Hee Yoon, Takaichi Fukuda, Frank Tennigkeit, Wolf Singer and Duck-Joo 5 Rhie 6 Affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Neuroscience 7 Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, S. Korea 8 Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8129 8582, Japan 10 Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, D11 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany 12 13 Running head: Dendritic calcium dynamics of inhibitory interneurons 14 15 Correspondence: Duck-Joo Rhie, M.D., Ph.D. 16 Department of Physiology 17 Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (June 16, 2010). doi:10.1152/jn.00146. 2010