Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CALCITONIN INTRA MUSCULAR INJECTION ON BONE FORMATION AROUND TITANIUM DENTAL IMPLANTS IN DOGS (A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY)

INTRODUCTION: Calcitonin is a major hormone secreted by thyroid gland responsible for bone formation and decrease of blood calcium level. It is a mixture of amino acids plus a modifying agent. It has been proved that the synthetic salmon calcitonin enhanced bone growth in depth as well as in width that is why they used it as a treatment for bone diseases and fractures. OBJECTIVES: This study was done to evaluate histologically the effect of intra muscular (IM) calcitonin administration on bone healing around titanium dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve adult’s Mongrel dogs received one implant in the maxilla in the edentulous space distal to the canine. Six dogs were randomly selected as the test group then they received a single daily dose of calcitonin 50 IU administered IM, for 28 successive days. And six dogs served as control group and no medications were injected. The animals were sacrificed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Through microscopical examination of specimens showed an apparent trend toward increased new bone formation in the osteotomy site in the calcitonin-treated group compared with the controls in fourth and eighth week intervals. While in twelfth interval there was a non-significant difference could be noticed between control and study groups concerning new bone formation which gave firm attachment between host bone tissue and the used implant. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that using short, small dose of salmon calcitonin by daily intramuscular injection for 28 days enhanced bone mineral density when compared with the bone density without injection of this material.
Molecular mimicry of substrate oxygen atoms by water molecules in the β‐amylase active site

Soybean β‐amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) has been crystallized both free and complexed with a variety of ligands. Four water molecules in the free‐enzyme catalytic cleft form a multihydrogen‐bond network with eight strategic residues involved in enzyme‐ligand hydrogen bonds. We show here that the positions of these four water molecules are coincident with the positions of four potential oxygen atoms of the ligands within the complex. Some of these waters are displaced from the active site when the ligands bind to the enzyme. How many are displaced depends on the shape of the ligand. This means that when one of the four positions is not occupied by a ligand oxygen atom, the corresponding water remains. We studied the functional/structural role of these four waters and conclude that their presence means that the conformation of the eight side chains is fixed in all situations (free or complexed enzyme) and preserved from unwanted or forbidden conformational changes that could hamper the catalytic mechanism. The water structure at the active pocket of β‐amylase is therefore essential for providing the ligand recognition process with plasticity. It does not affect the protein active‐site geometry and preserves the overall hydrogen‐bonding network, irrespective of which ligand is bound to the enzyme. We also investigated whether other enzymes showed a similar role for water. Finally, we discuss the potential use of these results for predicting whether water molecules can mimic ligand atoms in the active center.
Eating disorders in diverse lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations.

OBJECTIVE This study estimates the prevalence of eating disorders in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) men and women, and examines the association between participation in the gay community and eating disorder prevalence in gay and bisexual men. METHOD One hundred and twenty six white heterosexuals and 388 white, black, Latino LGB men and women were sampled from community venues. DSM-IV diagnoses of anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder were assessed using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS Gay and bisexual men had significantly higher prevalence estimates of eating disorders than heterosexual men. There were no differences in eating disorder prevalence between lesbian and bisexual women and heterosexual women, or across gender or racial groups. Attending a gay recreational group was significantly related to eating disorder prevalence in gay and bisexual men. CONCLUSION Researchers should study the causes of the high prevalence of eating disorders among gay and bisexual men.
Methods of testing for a deficit in single-case studies: Evaluation of statistical power by Monte Carlo simulation

Testing for the presence of a deficit by comparing a case to controls is a fundamental feature of many neuropsychological single-case studies. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to study the statistical power of two competing approaches to this task. The power to detect a large deficit was low to moderate for a method proposed by Crawford and Howell (1998; ranging from 44% to 63%) but was extremely low for a method proposed by Mycroft, Mitchell, and Kay (2002; ranging from 1% to 13%). The effects of departures from normality were examined, as was the effect of varying degrees of measurement error in the scores of controls and the single case. Measurement error produced a moderate reduction in power when present in both controls and the case; the effect of differentially greater measurement error for the single case depended on the initial level of power. When Mycroft et al.'s method was used to test for the presence of a classical dissociation, it produced very high Type I error rates (ranging from 20.7% to 49.3%); in contrast, the rates for criteria proposed by Crawford and Garthwaite (2005b) were low (ranging from 1.3% to 6.7%). The broader implications of these results for single-case research are discussed.
Adipophilin Expression Is Increased in Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis: Correlation With Red Blood Cells and Cholesterol Crystals

Background and Purpose— Adipophilin is an adipose differentiation–related protein expressed in lipid-containing cells. Using DNA microarray analysis, we previously found the adipophilin gene (ADFP) to be overexpressed in symptomatic carotid plaques (CP). This led us to further examine the role of adipophilin in carotid atherosclerosis relative to symptom status. Methods— Ninety-eight high-grade (>70%) CPs were obtained in carotid endarterectomy. The relative expression of ADFP mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and the relative amount of adipophilin protein was quantified with Western blotting. Detailed topographical correlations with extravasated red blood cells and extracellular cholesterol crystals were obtained by means of immunohistochemistry. Results— The relative expression of ADFP mRNA was increased in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic CPs at both the mRNA level (1.82±0.19[SE] versus 1.25±0.15, P=0.012) and the protein level (1.04±0.23 versus 0.46±0.14, P=0.043). Adipophilin colocalized with macrophage foam cells, extravasated red blood cells (P<0.0001), and cholesterol crystals (P<0.0001), and its expression associated with macroscopic ulceration of CP (P<0.0001). Conclusions— Intraplaque hemorrhages may contribute to intracellular lipid accumulation and consequent adipophilin expression. Because adipophilin blocks cholesterol efflux from lipid-laden cells, they may die and develop a necrotic lipid core, thereby destabilizing the plaque.
The relevance of time series in molecular ecology and conservation biology

The genetic structure of a species is shaped by the interaction of contemporary and historical factors. Analyses of individuals from the same population sampled at different points in time can help to disentangle the effects of current and historical forces and facilitate the understanding of the forces driving the differentiation of populations. The use of such time series allows for the exploration of changes at the population and intraspecific levels over time. Material from museum collections plays a key role in understanding and evaluating observed population structures, especially if large numbers of individuals have been sampled from the same locations at multiple time points. In these cases, changes in population structure can be assessed empirically. The development of new molecular markers relying on short DNA fragments (such as microsatellites or single nucleotide polymorphisms) allows for the analysis of long‐preserved and partially degraded samples. Recently developed techniques to construct genome libraries with a reduced complexity and next generation sequencing and their associated analysis pipelines have the potential to facilitate marker development and genotyping in non‐model species. In this review, we discuss the problems with sampling and available marker systems for historical specimens and demonstrate that temporal comparative studies are crucial for the estimation of important population genetic parameters and to measure empirically the effects of recent habitat alteration. While many of these analyses can be performed with samples taken at a single point in time, the measurements are more robust if multiple points in time are studied. Furthermore, examining the effects of habitat alteration, population declines, and population bottlenecks is only possible if samples before and after the respective events are included.
An effective use of crowding distance in multiobjective particle swarm optimization

In this paper, we present an approach that extends the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to handle multiobjective optimization problems by incorporating the mechanism of crowding distance computation into the algorithm of PSO, specifically on global best selection and in the deletion method of an external archive of nondominated solutions. The crowding distance mechanism together with a mutation operator maintains the diversity of nondominated solutions in the external archive. The performance of this approach is evaluated on test functions and metrics from literature. The results show that the proposed approach is highly competitive in converging towards the Pareto front and generates a well distributed set of nondominated solutions.
Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder and GI Endoscopy: A Case Study

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be caused by experiencing or witnessing a variety of harsh traumatic events. Rape, burglary, war, torture, violence, and other catastrophic events have been known to precipitate flashbacks, nightmares, and inability to cope with the demands of daily life. The symptoms associated with PTSD can interfere with work, sleep, appetite, relationships, and health. In a Veterans Administration hospital population, PTSD is not an uncommon patient problem: it usually results from witnessing and/or participating in war or military service-related circumstances. This case study describes a 42-year-old man who was a prisoner of war in Vietnam. The form of torture his Vietnamese captors subjected him to presented a challenging situation when he required an endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this case study is to offer suggestions to the GI and endoscopy nursing staff who care for these patients, and to make GI health care providers aware of the special needs of this patient population.
Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments of the Southern Coast of Pacitan, Indonesia

This study was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of heavy metals from four different coastal areas in southern Pacitan, Indonesia: Pantai Watu Karung (WK), Pantai Teleng Ria (TL), Pantai Pancer (TP) dan Pantai Soge (SG). Data collected in this study included: temperature, salinity, DO, pH, sediment, organic matter and heavy metals in the sediments (Pb, Hg and Cd). The results showed different distribution patterns of heavy metals. Heavy metal concentrations, especially Pb and Hg, were found to be higher in Pantai Soge, while the concentration of Cd was higher in Pantai Pancer. An ANOVA test showed the distributions of Pb and Cd were significantly different (p < 0.01) between sampling sites. Variability of the physicochemical parameters influenced the variabilities of heavy metal concentrations among sampling sites. Overall, heavy metal concentrations in the study areas are rather low; however, attention is still needed due to heavy activities in the coastal areas of southern Pacitan that can contribute to heavy metal pollution.
Sensitivity of tropical intraseasonal variability to the pattern of climate warming

An aquaplanet general circulation model is used to assess the sensitivity of intraseasonal variability to the pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) warming. Three warming patterns are used. Projected SST warming at the end of the 21st century from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model 2.1 is one pattern, and zonally symmetric and globally uniform versions of this warming perturbation that have the same global mean SST change are the other two. Changes in intraseasonal variability are sensitive to the pattern of SST warming, with significant decreases in Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO)‐timescale precipitation and wind variability for a zonally symmetric warming, and significant increases in MJO precipitation amplitude for a globally uniform warming. The amplitude of the wind variability change does not scale directly with precipitation, but is instead mediated by increased tropical dry static stability associated with SST warming. The patterned SST simulations have a zonal mean SST warming that maximizes on the equator, which fosters increased equatorial boundary layer convergence and also increases equatorial SST relative to the rest of the tropics. Both factors support increased convection, reflected in reduced gross moist stability (GMS). Mean precipitation is decreased and GMS is increased in the off‐equatorial Eastern Hemisphere near 10°S in the patterned warming simulations, where the strongest MJO‐related intraseasonal precipitation variability is preferred in both the model and observations. It is argued that future changes in MJO activity may be sensitive to the pattern of SST warming, although these results should not be interpreted as a prediction of how MJO activity will change in future climate.
Modelling sparse generalized longitudinal observations with latent Gaussian processes

Summary. In longitudinal data analysis one frequently encounters non‐Gaussian data that are repeatedly collected for a sample of individuals over time. The repeated observations could be binomial, Poisson or of another discrete type or could be continuous. The timings of the repeated measurements are often sparse and irregular. We introduce a latent Gaussian process model for such data, establishing a connection to functional data analysis. The functional methods proposed are non‐parametric and computationally straightforward as they do not involve a likelihood. We develop functional principal components analysis for this situation and demonstrate the prediction of individual trajectories from sparse observations. This method can handle missing data and leads to predictions of the functional principal component scores which serve as random effects in this model. These scores can then be used for further statistical analysis, such as inference, regression, discriminant analysis or clustering. We illustrate these non‐parametric methods with longitudinal data on primary biliary cirrhosis and show in simulations that they are competitive in comparisons with generalized estimating equations and generalized linear mixed models.
Network Coordinates in the Wild

Network coordinates provide a mechanism for selecting and placing servers efficiently in a large distributed system. This approach works well as long as the coordinates continue to accurately reflect network topology. We conducted a long-term study of a subset of a million-plus node coordinate system and found that it exhibited some of the problems for which network coordinates are frequently criticized, for example, inaccuracy and fragility in the presence of violations of the triangle inequality. Fortunately, we show that several simple techniques remedy many of these problems. Using the Azureus BitTorrent network as our testbed, we show that live, large-scale network coordinate systems behave differently than their tame PlanetLab and simulation-based counterparts. We find higher relative errors, more triangle inequality violations, and higher churn. We present and evaluate a number of techniques that, when applied to Azureus, efficiently produce accurate and stable network coordinates.
Variation in the natural termite resistance of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. fil.) wood as a function of tree age

Abstract• Tree age is one of the most important factors to affect the natural durability of wood. • The purpose of this study was to determine the natural termite resistance of heartwood and sapwood of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. fil.) for trees aged 8, 30 and 51 years. Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe was employed as a test termite using a no-choice feeding method. • The heartwood and sapwood of all of the trees tested exhibited antitermitic activity. Based on the mean mass loss due to termite activity, the sapwood and heartwood regions of 8-year-old trees are the most susceptible to termites while the heartwood regions of the 30-year-old trees showed termite resistance similar to the termite resistance of 51-year-old trees. • The mass loss is moderately correlated with n-hexane extractive content, total extractive content, brightness and redness of the wood. Résumé• L’âge de l’arbre est un des facteurs les plus importants de la durabilité du bois. • Le propos de cette étude était de déterminer la résistance naturelle du bois de cœur et de l’aubier de teck (Tectona grandis Linn. fil.) aux termites, pour des arbres âgés de 8, 30 et 51 ans. Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe a été utilisé comme termite test dans un essai d’alimentation sans choix. • Le bois de cœur et l’aubier de tous les arbres ont été testés pour leur activité anti-termite. En se basant sur la perte moyenne de masse de bois résultant des activités des termites, l’aubier et le bois de cœur des arbres de 8 ans se sont révélés les plus sensibles, alors que le bois de cœur des arbres de 30 ans a montré une résistance aux termites semblable à celle des arbres de 51 ans. • La perte de masse était modérément corrélée au contenu de l’extrait n-hexane, à celui de l’extrait total, ainsi qu’à la brillance et à la rougeur du bois.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Different Lots of the Oral, Killed Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Cholera Toxin B Subunit Vaccine in Israeli Young Adults

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the leading causes of diarrhea among Israeli soldiers serving in field units. Two double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized trials were performed among 155 healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different lots of the oral, killed ETEC vaccine consisting of two doses of whole cells plus recombinantly produced cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB). The two doses of vaccine lot E005 and the first dose of vaccine lot E003 were well tolerated by the volunteers. However, 5 (17%) vaccinees reported an episode of vomiting a few hours after the second dose of lot E003; none of the placebo recipients reported similar symptoms. Both lots of vaccine stimulated a rate of significant antibody-secreting cell (ASC) response to CTB and to colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) after one or two doses, ranging from 85 to 100% and from 81 to 100%, respectively. The rate of ASC response to CS2, CS4, and CS5 was slightly lower than the rate of ASC response induced to CTB, CFA/I, and CS1. The second vaccine dose enhanced the response to CTB but did not increase the frequencies or magnitude of ASC responses to the other antigens. The two lots of the ETEC vaccine induced similar rates of serum antibody responses to CTB and CFA/I which were less frequent than the ASC responses to the same antigens. Based on these safety and immunogenicity data, an efficacy study of the ETEC vaccine is under way in the Israel Defense Force.
Weakly Supervised Object Localization with Multi-Fold Multiple Instance Learning

Object category localization is a challenging problem in computer vision. Standard supervised training requires bounding box annotations of object instances. This time-consuming annotation process is sidestepped in weakly supervised learning. In this case, the supervised information is restricted to binary labels that indicate the absence/presence of object instances in the image, without their locations. We follow a multiple-instance learning approach that iteratively trains the detector and infers the object locations in the positive training images. Our main contribution is a multi-fold multiple instance learning procedure, which prevents training from prematurely locking onto erroneous object locations. This procedure is particularly important when using high-dimensional representations, such as Fisher vectors and convolutional neural network features. We also propose a window refinement method, which improves the localization accuracy by incorporating an objectness prior. We present a detailed experimental evaluation using the PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset, which verifies the effectiveness of our approach.
A Structural Representation Learning for Multi-relational Networks

Most of the existing multi-relational network embedding methods, e.g., TransE, are formulated to preserve pair-wise connectivity structures in the networks. With the observations that significant triangular connectivity structures and parallelogram connectivity structures found in many real multi-relational networks are often ignored and that a hard-constraint commonly adopted by most of the network embedding methods is inaccurate by design, we propose a novel representation learning model for multi-relational networks which can alleviate both fundamental limitations. Scalable learning algorithms are derived using the stochastic gradient descent algorithm and negative sampling. Extensive experiments on real multi-relational network datasets of WordNet and Freebase demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model when compared with the state-of-the-art embedding methods.
Cognitive sequelae of Parkinson ’ s disease : nature , course , risk factors and functional impact

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Inhalation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) Produces Hyperactivity in Rats

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a serious behavioral syndrome seen in children, and more common in males than females. There is increasing evidence that prenatal and/or early life exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POP) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) is associated with increased risk of ADHD occurrence. While PCB exposure is usually attributed to ingestion of contaminated food, recent reports of elevated PCB concentrations in indoor air, especially in schools, raised concern regarding inhalation as an important route of exposure to PCB with consequent effects on neurobehavior. The effects of exposure to air contaminated with Aroclor 1248 or contaminated sediment (SED) from the St. Lawrence River were examined on operant behavior of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Data showed that relative to controls, vapor-phase inhalation of PCB, whether from blowing air over Aroclor 1248 or from blowing air over sediment contaminated with PCB, resulted in hyperactivity and impatience in rats, more pronounced in males than females. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhalation of PCB may contribute to behavioral abnormalities in children.