Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bistable flows in precessing spheroids

Precession driven flows are found in any rotating container filled with liquid, when the rotation axis itself rotates about a secondary axis that is fixed in an inertial frame of reference. Because of its relevance for planetary fluid layers, many works consider spheroidal containers, where the uniform vorticity component of the bulk flow is reliably given by the well-known equations obtained by Busse (1968 J. Fluid Mech. 33 739–51). So far however, no analytical result for the solutions is available. Moreover, the cases where multiple flows can coexist have not been investigated in detail since their discovery by Noir et al (2003 Geophys. J. Int. 154 407–16). In this work we aim at deriving analytical results for the solutions, aiming in particular at first estimating the ranges of parameters where multiple solutions exist, and second studying quantitatively their stability. Using the models recently proposed by Noir and Cébron (2013 J. Fluid Mech. 737 412–39), which are more generic in the inviscid limit than the equations of Busse, we analytically describe these solutions, their conditions of existence, and their stability in a systematic manner. We then successfully compare these analytical results with the theory of Busse (). Dynamical model equations are finally proposed to investigate the stability of the solutions, which describe the bifurcation of the unstable flow solution. We also report for the first time the possibility that time-dependent multiple flows can coexist in precessing triaxial ellipsoids. Numerical integrations of the algebraic and differential equations have been efficiently performed with the dedicated script FLIPPER (supplementary material).
Large SMT data-sets extracted from Wikipedia

The article presents experiments on mining Wikipedia for extracting SMT useful sentence pairs in three language pairs. Each extracted sentence pair is associated with a cross-lingual lexical similarity score based on which, several evaluations have been conducted to estimate the similarity thresholds which allow the extraction of the most useful data for training three-language pairs SMT systems. The experiments showed that for a similarity score higher than 0.7 all sentence pairs in the three language pairs were fully parallel. However, including in the training sets less parallel sentence pairs (that is with a lower similarity score) showed significant improvements in the translation quality (BLEU-based evaluations). The optimized SMT systems were evaluated on unseen test-sets also extracted from Wikipedia. As one of the main goals of our work was to help Wikipedia contributors to translate (with as little post editing as possible) new articles from major languages into less resourced languages and vice-versa, we call this type of translation experiments in-genre translation. As in the case of in-domain translation, our evaluations showed that using only in-genre training data for translating same genre new texts is better than mixing the training data with out-of-genre (even) parallel texts.
Clinical, Psychological and Personality Features Related to Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa

Background: To investigate the relationship between age of onset and clinical and personality features of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Sampling andMethod: We assessed 250 outpatients with AN with the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Eating Disorder Inventory 2, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Body Shape Questionnaire. The patients were subdivided into 3 groups: early (n = 73), intermediate (n = 96) and late onset (n = 81), based on age of onset of symptoms. Results: The early-onset group shows higher body dissatisfaction, maturity fear, impulsivity and asceticism than the other 2 groups. This group shows a greater character fragility, as described in particular by a lower self-directedness, than the other 2 groups. Conclusions: Even several years after the onset of the disorder, early-onset subjects affected by AN seem characterized by a more disturbed personality, with a higher body dissatisfaction than late-onset subjects affected by AN and a pursuit of thinness based on an ascetic drive.
The Investigation of Physical Performance Status of Visually and Hearing Impaired Applying Judo Training Program

It was aimed to investigate the physical performances of visually and hearing impaired doing judo training in this study. 32 male athletes, who were doing judo training, volunteer and, visually and hearing impaired, participated in this study. The investigation was applied to visually impaired (N=12, mean ± SD; age: 25.75 ± 3.55 years, height: 169.50 ± 9.41 cm, weight: 74.17 ± 20.17 kg, sport age: 6.42 ± 1.62) and hearing impaired (N=20, mean ± SD; age: 19.25 ± 5.70 years, height: 172.55 ± 7.58 cm, weight: 70.55 ± 11.12 kg, sport age: 5.85 ± 1.60) male judoka. Flamingo balance test score averages for study groups were detected as 8.00 ± 3.27 min/pc in visually impaired male judoka and 13.50 ± 3.08 min/pc in hearing impaired male judoka. There was a significant association between two groups in favor of visually impaired judoka (p 0.05). In conclusion, it is thought that there is no negative effect of vision and hearing impairment factors on physical performance levels due to the close proximity of training levels of the elite judoka and also there is more development in balance variables in visually impaired when compared to hearing impaired due to the properties of impairment degree.
Evaluation of Aerodynamic Noise Generation by a Generic Side Mirror

The aerodynamic noise radiation from a side view mirror (SVM) in the high-speed airflow is calculated by the combination of unsteady incompressible fluid flow analysis and acoustic analysis. The transient flow past the generic SVM is simulated with variable turbulence model, namely DES Detached Eddy Simulation and LES (Large Eddy Simulation). Detailed velocity vectors and contour plots of the time-varying velocity and pressure fields are presented along cut planes in the flow-field. Mean and transient pressure are also monitored at several points in the flow field and compared to corresponding experimentally data published in literature. The acoustic predictions made using the Ffowcs-Williams-Hawkins acoustic analogy (FW-H) and the boundary element (BEM). Keywords—Aerodynamic noise, BEM, DES, FW-H acoustic analogy, LES
Immunolocalization of keratin‐associated beta‐proteins (beta‐keratins) in the regenerating lizard epidermis indicates a new process for the differentiation of the epidermis in lepidosaurians

The process of keratinocyte differentiation was analyzed in the regenerating epidermis of the lizard Anolis carolinensis, where the genes coding for beta‐proteins (beta‐keratins) are known. The regenerating epidermis forms all epidermal layers found in normal scales (Oberhäutchen‐, beta‐, mesos‐, and alpha‐layer). Three specific proteins representing the larger families of beta‐proteins, glycine‐rich (HgG5, 28% glycine, 3.6% cysteine), glycine‐cysteine medium‐rich (HgGC10, 13% glycine, 14.5% cysteine), and glycine‐cysteine rich (HgGC3, 30.4% glycine, 8.7% cysteine) have been immunolocalized at the ultrastructural level. HgG5 is only present in differentiating beta‐cells, a weak or no labeling is observed in Oberhäutchen and is absent in alpha‐cells. The protein is located in the pale corneous material forming the compact beta‐layer but is absent in mature Oberhäutchen cells. HgGC10 is present among beta‐packets in Oberhäutchen and beta‐cells but disappears in more compact and electron‐pale corneous material. The labeling disappears in mesos‐cells and is present with variable intensity in alpha‐cells, whereas lacunar and clear‐cells are low labeled to unlabeled. HgGC3 is sparse or absent in beta‐cells but is lightly present in the darker corneous material of differentiating and mature alpha‐cells, lacunar‐cells, and clear‐cells. The study suggests that while glycine‐rich proteins (electron‐pale) are specifically used for building the resistant and hydrophobic beta‐layer, cysteine–glycine rich proteins (electron‐denser) are used to form the pliable corneous material present in the Oberhäutchen and alpha‐cells. The differential accumulation of beta‐proteins on the alpha‐keratin cytoskeleton scaffold and not the alternance of beta‐ with alpha‐keratins allow the differentiation of different epidermal layers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relative permissiveness of macrophages from black and white people for virulent tubercle bacilli

Epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological evidence suggests that black people are more susceptible to tuberculosis than are white people. The cellular basis of this putative susceptibility was investigated in vitro by comparing responses of blood-derived macrophages from black and white donors to experimental infection with virulent tubercle bacilli. Phagocytes from pairs of black and white donors were infected. The uptake and replication of the tubercle bacilli in these cells were measured by microscopic counts and by CFU counts of bacilli at 0, 4, and 7 days. The effects of donor serum, of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3, and gamma interferon on the infection also were studied. Black-donor phagocytes killed more bacilli during phagocytosis than white-donor phagocytes did. However, the bacilli grew consistently and significantly faster in successfully infected macrophages from black than from white donors, especially in the presence of black-donor serum. 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 gave significantly less protection against tubercle bacilli to macrophages from black donors than to macrophages from white donors. The permissiveness of the macrophages from the two races was affected equally by gamma interferon. These results demonstrate some inherent and environmental liabilities in the monocytic phagocytes and serum of black people compared with white people, which may contribute to their greater susceptibility to tuberculosis.
Characterization of a virulent Leptospira interrogans strain isolated from an abandoned swimming pool

Pathogenic Leptospira spp. are the etiological agents of leptospirosis, an important disease of both humans and animals. In urban settings, L. interrogans serovars are the predominant cause of disease in humans. The purpose of this study was to characterize a novel Leptospira isolate recovered from an abandoned swimming pool. Molecular characterization through sequencing of the rpoB gene revealed 100% identity with L. interrogans and variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis resulted in a banding pattern identical to L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, serovar Copenhageni or Icterohaemorrhagiae. The virulence of the strain was determined in a hamster model of lethal leptospirosis. The lethal dose 50% (LD50) was calculated to be two leptospires in female hamsters and a histopathological examination of infected animals found typical lesions associated with severe leptospirosis, including renal epithelium degeneration, hepatic karyomegaly, liver-plate disarray and lymphocyte infiltration. This highly virulent strain is now available for use in further studies, especially evaluation of vaccine candidates.
Dynamics of particles in aeolian saltation

In aeolian transport saltation is an important link by which momentum is transmitted from the air to the bed through grain impact, but momentum transfer, impact and subsequent entrainment take place in a very shallow layer at the air-bed interface with large velocity gradients. Consequently, experimental evidence on the impact-entrainment processes has been obtained from few and simplified studies of the splash (e.g. Willetts & Rice 1986, 1989, Mitha et al. 1986), from investigating the vertical intensity and distribution of the saltation cloud including the wind profile within the saltation layer (e.g. Williams 1964, Iversen & Rasmussen 1999, Liu & Dong 2004), and finally from theoretical reasoning and numerical modelling (Owen 1964, Sørensen 1985, Anderson & Haff 1988, 1991, McEwan & Willetts 1991, 1993, Shao & Li 1999, Spies & McEwan 2000). Direct measurement of particle trajectory (e.g. White and Schultz 1977), Mitha et al. 1986) or particle speed (Rasmussen 2002, Dong et al. 2002) can be used to verify the (plausible) assumptions contained in such models, but data are sparse. The present paper reports from a series of wind tunnel measurements where the vertical variation of grain speed has been recorded using a Doppler method above beds of quarts grains of different diameter. It focuses on results of the horizontal component of grain velocity for one size class and for a range of friction speeds and also compares the experimental results to values predicted using a analytical model of saltation.
K+ at concentrations reached in the extracellular space during neuronal activity promotes a Ca2+-dependent glycogen hydrolysis in mouse cerebral cortex

The effect of increasing [K+]0 on 3H-glycogen levels was examined in mouse cerebral cortical slices. K+ stimulates in a time- and concentration-dependent manner the hydrolysis of 3H-glycogen. Over 70% of the maximal effect is reached within 30 sec and the EC50 for the glycogenolytic action of K+ is 11 mM. Significant 3H-glycogen hydrolysis occurs at 5–12 mM [K+]0, concentrations reached by the ion in the extracellular space during neuronal activity. The K+-evoked glycogenolysis is Ca2+-dependent, and is inhibited by Ca2+-channel blockers such as Ni2+ and Mn2+, but not by Cd2+, nifedipine, and omega- conotoxin. Furthermore, the effect of K+ is not enhanced by the Ca2+- channel agonist Bay K 8644. This type of pharmacological profile suggests that the activation of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels of the T subtype mediates the glycogenolytic action of K+. This set of observations suggests that K+ released in the extracellular space by active neurons may promote the mobilization of energy substrates and therefore play a role in the coupling between neuronal activity and energy metabolism.
Deep Learning Approaches to Problems in Speech Recognition, Computational Chemistry, and Natural Language Text Processing

Deep learning approaches to problems in speech recognition, computational chemistry, and natural language text processing George Edward Dahl Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2015 The deep learning approach to machine learning emphasizes high-capacity, scalable models that learn distributed representations of their input. This dissertation demonstrates the efficacy and generality of this approach in a series of diverse case studies in speech recognition, computational chemistry, and natural language processing. Throughout these studies, I extend and modify the neural network models as needed to be more effective for each task. In the area of speech recognition, I develop a more accurate acoustic model using a deep neural network. This model, which uses rectified linear units and dropout, improves word error rates on a 50 hour broadcast news task. A similar neural network results in a model for molecular activity prediction substantially more effective than production systems used in the pharmaceutical industry. Even though training assays in drug discovery are not typically very large, it is still possible to train very large models by leveraging data from multiple assays in the same model and by using effective regularization schemes. In the area of natural language processing, I first describe a new restricted Boltzmann machine training algorithm suitable for text data. Then, I introduce a new neural network generative model of parsed sentences capable of generating reasonable samples and demonstrate a performance advantage for deeper variants of the model.
Clustered Cardiometabolic Risk, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity in 10-11 Year-Old Children. The CHANGE! Project Baseline

Objectives: The primary objective of this cross sectional pilot study was to report clustered risk scores combining traditional invasive with non invasive cardiometabolic risk markers in 10-11 year old children participating in the CHANGE! project at baseline. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship between clustered risk score and objectively measured physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: Habitual PA was measured using accelerometry and CRF (VO 2peak ) was assessed using an individually calibrated treadmill based protocol. Twenty-nine participants had valid data for all components of the clustered risk score, calculated using total cholesterol: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TC:HDL-C), glucose, systolic blood pressure (BP), LV Mass Index (g/m 2.7 ), and trunk fat mass (g). Participants with a clustered risk score greater than 1SD above the mean, were categorised as ‘higher’ risk (n=6); all others were categorised as ‘normal’ risk. Results: Clustered risk score, controlling for somatic maturity and gender, was negatively correlated with VPA (r= -0.51, p=0.01), MVPA (r= -0.44, p=0.03) and VO 2peak (r= -0.57, p<0.01). ANCOVA, with somatic maturity and gender as covariates, revealed that those in the ‘normal’ risk group were more fit than those in the ‘higher’ risk group [f (1,24)=4.518, p=0.044]). There were no statistically significant differences between risk groups and PA however mean data suggest that those in the ‘normal’ risk group accrued 4 minutes more daily VPA than the ‘higher’ risk group which may be clinically important. Conclusions: This provides further evidence of the importance of promoting CRF and VPA in children, to reduce cardiometabolic risk especially for those that are ‘higher’ risk.
Evaluation of shoulder function after secondary surgery in children with Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy.

PURPOSE Shoulder function in children with Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy (NBPP) can be impaired. Functional gain is possible by an internal contracture release and muscle tendon transfer (ICL+MTT) for external rotation. This study evaluates the functional results of this intervention. METHODS Assessments were done pre-operatively and 3, 6 and 12 months thereafter and included joint-mobility (ROM), muscle strength, arm function (Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and Mallet-score), Quality of Life (QoL) (Pediatric Outcome Data Collecting Instrument (PODCI)) and parental satisfaction. Changes were examined using Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank test and Cohen's effect size. RESULTS Ten children (5 boys) aged 3-10 years who underwent a combined ICL+MTT (mm. Latissimus Dorsi/Teres Major) were included.Active and passive external rotation ROM and muscle strength improved (p < 0.05). Arm function improved according to the Mallet-score (Hand-to-Head, Hand-to-Mouth, External-Rotation) (p < 0.05) and the arm use and pace scales of the AHA (p < 0.05). The PODCI Upper Extremity/Physical Functioning and Global Functioning subscales also showed improvements (p < 0.05). Parents were highly satisfied concerning daily life activities and sports. CONCLUSION ICL+MTT leads to improvement of ROM, strength, arm function, QoL and high parental satisfaction in this studies' patients and is therefore a good intervention to consider in children with NBPP with limited shoulder function.
Corporate Political Activity and Regulatory Capture: How Some Companies Blunt the Knife of Socially Oriented Investor Activism

Socially oriented shareholder activism is an increasingly important mechanism through which social movement organizations seek to influence the private sector by exerting pressure on corporate activities in areas such as human rights, environmental protection, and labor policies. This activism challenges the status quo of targeted firms and potentially their institutional field, disrupting “business as usual” and often drawing negative attention to the firms. We theorize that some firms might use corporate political activity (CPA) as an indirect, nonmarket strategy aimed at regulatory capture to reduce the impact of such disruptions. We focus on one popular avenue of shareholder activism—the proxy proposal mechanism—and the role the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) plays in allowing omission of socially oriented shareholder proposals from the proxy ballot. Using two distinct data sources, we find evidence that for S&P 500 firms, the SEC allows for the omission of the proposals from proxy ballots more frequently for those firms more active in CPA. These findings inform the growing scholarship on socially oriented activism as well as suggest the indirect influence of CPA on government agency decision making.
Burnout as a Predictor of Leaving Anglican Parish Ministry

As part of a longitudinal study of 340 clergy ordained in the Church of England and the Church in Wales in 1994, a 30-item modified form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was completed in year 7 of their ministry, togehterwith a question about the frequency of thoughts about leaving the ministry. The data demonstrated that higher levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment correlated with frequency of considering leaving the ministry.
Maternal Social Information Processing and the Frequency and Severity of Mother-Perpetrated Physical Abuse

The frequency and severity of physical abuse influences children’s outcomes, yet little theory-based research has explored what predicts its course. This study examined the potential role of social information processing (SIP) factors in the course of abuse. Mothers with histories of perpetrating physical abuse (N = 62) completed measures of SIP, and the frequency and severity of mother-perpetrated physical abuse were collected from Child Protection Services records. Poorer problem-solving capacities were significantly related to greater frequency of physical abuse. Hostile attributions toward children were positively associated with abuse severity. Controlling for demographics and co-occurrence of neglect, SIP factors together accounted for a significant proportion of variance in the frequency of physical abuse, but not severity. With the exception of unrealistic expectations, preliminary evidence supported a link between maternal SIP and the course of abuse perpetration. Future research directions and implications for intervention are discussed.
Thinning and Flow of Tibetan Crust Constrained by Seismic Anisotropy

Intermediate-period Rayleigh and Love waves propagating across Tibet indicate marked radial anisotropy within the middle-to-lower crust, consistent with a thinning of the middle crust by about 30%. The anisotropy is largest in the western part of the plateau, where moment tensors of earthquakes indicate active crustal thinning. The preferred orientation of mica crystals resulting from the crustal thinning can account for the observed anisotropy. The middle-to-lower crust of Tibet appears to have thinned more than the upper crust, consistent with deformation of a mechanically weak layer that flows as if confined to a channel.
Short sellers and corporate disclosures

We examine how short sellers affect corporate disclosures using a natural experiment. From May 2005 to July 2007, the SEC implemented a pilot program by randomly selecting one third of Russell 3000 stocks and removing the short sale price tests for these stocks (referred to as pilot firms), leading to lower short-selling constraint, without changing the requirement for other firms (referred to as control firms). We compare the change in corporate disclosures between the pilot firms and the control firms during this period. We find that compared to the control firms, the pilot firms are more likely to issue good news management forecasts without changing the issuance of bad news forecasts. We also find that the decrease in short-selling constraint for the pilot firms (1) leads to an increased likelihood of bundling bad news forecasts with good news earnings announcements, and (2) does not lead to an increase in the optimistic bias in management forecasts. Overall, our evidence suggests that the reduction in short-selling constraint motivates managers to disclose good news in a more timely fashion.