Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PREBIOTICS IN VARIOUS PROCESSED FOOD MATRICES

The addition of prebiotic to a variety of food products has become a more common occurrence in recent years. Although research on the stability of prebiotics has been conducted, knowledge of the stability of prebiotics in processed foods is limited. The purpose of this research was to determine the biological stability of five prebiotics in a variety of food matrices when processed under various conditions. A biological test, the prebiotic activity assay, was used to test for stability of six food products (muffin, cookie, granola bar, breakfast cereal, sports drink, and bread) containing five different prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), resistant starch, and polydextrose). The prebiotic activity assay reflects the capability of a prebiotic to support the growth of a probiotic strain relative to an enteric strain and relative to growth of both on a non-prebiotic substrate. Due to the complex matrices of the food products as well as low concentrations of prebiotics, the prebiotic activity assay was not sufficiently sensitive to assess biological stability in these food products. Additional food products (cracker, granola, and sports drink) were produced without background sugars and included a higher concentration of prebiotic, 10%. The prebiotic activity assay was used to assess the biological stability of prebiotics within these food matrices. Overall, FOS and inulin were stable when exposed to mild to moderate heating, but were biologically degraded when exposed to an acidic environment and moderate heat. GOS was stable when exposed to mild to moderate heat as well as when exposed to an acidic environment that was processed with moderate heat. Resistant starch posed problems with being accurately tested for prebiotic stability, and no strong conclusions were able to be made based on the results obtained through this method. The prebiotic activity assay was able to assess the biological stability of prebiotics in food matrices when exposed to several processing conditions, although the assay was better suited for certain prebiotics as well as certain food matrices. iii Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to those who helped guide, support and encourage me throughout my research and studies as well as those who made this research possible. I would like to acknowledge the United States Department of Agriculture for providing the grant funding this research. I would like to thank Dr. Marx for his help in providing statistical analysis for this data. Thank you to Michelle Hoffman and Emily Ang …
14-3-3ε Is Required for Germ Cell Migration in Drosophila

Although 14-3-3 proteins participate in multiple biological processes, isoform-specific specialized functions, as well as functional redundancy are emerging with tissue and developmental stage-specificity. Accordingly, the two 14-3-3ε proteins in Drosophila exhibit functional specificity and redundancy. Homozygotes for loss of function alleles of D14-3-3ε contain significantly fewer germ line cells (pole cells) in their gonads, a phenotype not shared by mutants in the other 14-3-3 gene leo. We show that although D14-3-3ε is enriched within pole cells it is required in mesodermal somatic gonad precursor cells which guide pole cells in their migration through the mesoderm and coalesce with them to form the embryonic gonad. Loss of D14-3-3ε results in defective pole cell migration, reduced pole cell number. We present evidence that D14-3-3ε loss results in reduction or loss of the transcription factor Zfh-1, one of the main regulatory molecules of the pole cell migration, from the somatic gonad precursor cells.
Investigating the Level of Poverty and the Means of Survival among Female-headed Households in a South African Township

Abstract The paper uses cross sectional survey data to analyse poverty among the female-headed households in a South African Township. Due to the multidimensionality of the term poverty, this study had to specifically adopt an income definition where households falling below their income poverty line were deemed poor. Binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the determinants of poverty. The dependant variable was the households’ economic status (poor and non-poor) and a set of socio-economic and demographic variables used as explanatory variables The results show that the household size, the age of the household head and total household income significantly explain variations in the likelihood of being poor. Different methods of survival were collected for each household. Results indicate several survival strategies, with some having long term health inferences, calling for immediate policy intervention.
PERFORMANCE-BASED CONTRACTING : A NEW TOOL IN SHIP MANAGEMENT ?

The shipping industry is ever more challenged by increasingly demanding performance requirements. However, performance-based contracting is hardly applied in the industry. Using this type of contracting in the relation between ship owners and managers could create a win-win situation: owners gain a competitive advantage through more aligned interests, while ship managers obtain rewards for their performance excellence. This paper reviews performance-based contracting in ship management by analysing two successful cases. The paper first reviews literature, then uses expert interviews as basis for qualitative research. Principal–agency theory is the framework used for analysing the cases. The results confirm the hypothesis that a competitive advantage can be obtained and maintained by using PBC for outsourced ship management services. The full potential of PBC is not obtained, as risk is not transferred. The complicated relationship between ship manager, owner and other stakeholders such as charterers prevents further alignment of mutual interests. Recommendations are made to enable application of PBC in ship management: review the liability limitation to allow transfer risk to the ship manager against incentives and a holistic approach is required to make better use of PBC and expand competitive advantages obtained through outsourced ship management services. Disclaimer This paper is written by Jeroen Hollebrands MSc. and based on the thesis for his MBA in Shipping and Logistics. The report analyses real cases of performance-based contracting in third party ship management. The contents of this paper is not related to his current employer. After obtaining his MBA in 2011 he joined Maersk Maritime Technology as Vessel Performance Supervisor. He can be contacted at: jeroen41@gmail.com.
Robust MIMO precoding for the schatten norm based channel uncertainty sets

In this paper, we consider robust MIMO precoding designs against deterministic imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). In contrast to the existing works based on one or two particular channel uncertainty models, we consider a general uncertainty set defined by a generic matrix norm, called the Schatten norm, which includes most deterministic imperfect CSIT as special cases. Adopting worst-case robustness, the robust MIMO precoding design is formulated as a maximin problem to maximize the worst-case received signal-to-noise ratio or minimize the worst-case error probability. We show that the robust precoder admits a channel-diagonalizing structure for all Schatten norm based uncertainty sets, and then simplify the complex-valued matrix problem to a real-valued vector power allocation problem. We further show that the simplified power allocation problem can be analytically solved in a waterfilling manner, thus leading to a fully closed-form solution to the robust precoding design. Finally, we also investigate the robustness of beamforming and uniform-power transmission.
Leadership development through virtual action learning: an evaluation

ABSTRACT This paper presents a case study based on the evaluation of the two VAL (virtual action learning) sets. We report participants learning both leadership and the VAL process based on the basis of telephone interviews. We conclude that what is learned about leadership is connected with how learning takes place and suggest that the content and process of leadership learning are intermingled and co-produced. Secondly, it seems that what is learned is both common and personal, so that whilst participants' learning could be said to be broadly similar, what is actually learned is also idiosyncratic and unique to that person. Furthermore, whilst understandings of the learning process are widely shared, the significance of what is learned by any individual is only glimpsed by others. We also note the centrality of a “strong” facilitator in the VAL process in contrast to Revans' ascription of this role in action learning.
The Identification of the Submillimeter Galaxy SMM J00266+1708

We report the detection of 1.3 mm continuum and near-infrared K-band (2.2 μm) emission from the submillimeter galaxy SMM J00266+1708. Although this galaxy is among the brightest submillimeter sources detected in the blank-sky surveys (L ∼ 1013 L⊙), SMM J00266+1708 had no reliable optical or near-infrared counterpart. We used sensitive interferometric 1.3 mm observations with the Owens Valley Millimeter Array to determine the position of the submillimeter galaxy accurately. Follow-up near-infrared imaging with the Keck I telescope uncovered a new faint red galaxy at K = 22.5 mag, which is spatially coincident with the 1.3 mm emission. This is currently the faintest confirmed counterpart of a submillimeter galaxy. Although the redshift of SMM J00266+1708 is still unknown, its high submillimeter/radio spectral index suggests that the system is at high redshift (z ≳ 2). Approximately 50% or more of the submillimeter galaxies are faint red galaxies similar to SMM J00266+1708. These ultraluminous obscured galaxies account for a significant fraction of the total amount of star formation at high redshift despite being missed by optical surveys.
Adjacent transformations in permutations

We continue a study of the equivalence class induced on $S_n$ when one is permitted to replace a consecutive set of elements in a permutation with the same elements in a different order. For each possible set of allowed replacements, we characterise and/or enumerate the set of permutations reachable from the identity. In some cases we also count the number of equivalence classes.
Affective Responses to Abuse in the Workplace: The Role of Hope and Affective Commitment

Affective responses constitute the mechanism by which abusive supervision received is associated with subordinates&#8217; turnover intentions. Using affective events theory (AET) as a theoretical framework, we suggest that abusive supervision is a contextual event that is associated with subordinates&#8217; affective reactions and corresponding evaluative judgment of their workplace, which ultimately leads to increased turnover intentions, a prominent withdrawal outcome. We examine two affective responses as mediators, hope (a goal&#8208;related affective state based on the expectation of positive outcomes) and affective commitment (affect&#8208;based evaluation of the organization). Two samples from a field study (n&#8201;=&#8201;209) and an experiment (n&#8201;=&#8201;427) were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results supported our proposed chain of relationships, suggesting that subordinates are likely to experience decreased hope and affective commitment after having experienced abuse from a supervisor, which subsequently impact their withdrawal intention to leave the organization.
Advances in Cluster Analysis of Microarray Data

Clustering genes into biological meaningful groups according to their pattern of expression is a main technique of microarray data analysis, based on the assumption that similarity in gene expression implies some form of regulatory or functional similarity. We give an overview of various clustering techniques, including conventional clustering methods (such as hierarchical clustering, k-means clustering, and self-organizing maps), as well as several clustering methods specifically developed for gene expression analysis.
Ranking Intrusion Likelihoods with Exploitability of Network Vulnerabilities in a Large-Scale Attack Model

Network vulnerabilities are common sources of many security threats. Attack models representing chains of all possible vulnerability exploits by attackers can help locate security ﬂaws and pre-determine appropriate preventative measures. To realize the full beneﬁts of attack models, effective analysis is crucial. However, due to the size and complexity of the models, manually pinpointing potential critical attacks can be daunting. Thus, there is a need for an automated analysis approach. Existing techniques are either based on network topology alone or subjective prior knowledge. They do not utilize domain-speciﬁc knowledge. This paper presents an approach to automatically ranking states in an attack model in the order of their intrusion likelihoods. Using the degree of exploitability of network vulnerabilities and the Markov property, the proposed approach provides a tractable computation enhanced by domain-speciﬁc heuristic knowledge for estimating such likelihoods. The paper discusses the details of the approach, illustrates its use, and compares results with a similar existing technique with experiments on its performance.
Lung Cancer Cells CellInduced by Microtubule Stabilizing Agents in Non-Small Cathepsin B Mediates Caspase-Independent Cell Death

We have previously reported that the microtubule stabilizing agents (MSAs) paclitaxel, epothilone B and discodermolide induce caspase-independent cell death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Here we present two lines of evidence indicating a central role for the lysosomal protease cathepsin B in mediating cell death. First, inhibition of cathepsin B, and not of caspases or other proteases, such as cathepsin D or calpains, results in a strong protection against drug-induced cell death in several NSCLC cells. Second, MSAs trigger disruption of lysosomes and release and activation of cathepsin B. Interestingly, inhibition of cathepsin B prevents the appearance of multinucleated cells, an early characteristic of MSA-induced cell death, pointing to a central, proximal role for cathepsin B in this novel cell death pathway.
The Congruence of Shareholder and Bondholder Governance

A control device for varying the ratio of a hydrostatic transmission or torque converter in response to changes in the load and speed of the prime mover during the transmission. The device senses the load by sensing changes in the vacuum of the intake manifold and senses the speed by utilizing a gear pump driven by the prime mover with the output of the gear pump being modified to correspond to the power curve of the prime mover by either pressure relief means or use of a cam system. The sensed conditions of speed and load are utilized to provide a combined signal to operate a servo which makes adjustments in the ratio of the transmission. In several embodiments, the output of the combined signal is applied to a pilot spool of the servo device through a bar linkage which also is part of the throttle linkage so that changes in load and speed of the prime mover during operation will cause adjustments in the throttle setting.
LIM Domain Only 4 (LMO4) Regulates Calcium-Induced Calcium Release and Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus

The LIM domain only 4 (LMO4) transcription cofactor activates gene expression in neurons and regulates key aspects of network formation, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that LMO4 positively regulates ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) expression, thereby suggesting that LMO4 regulates calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in central neurons. We found that CICR modulation of the afterhyperpolarization in CA3 neurons from mice carrying a forebrain-specific deletion of LMO4 (LMO4 KO) was severely compromised but could be restored by single-cell overexpression of LMO4. In line with these findings, two-photon calcium imaging experiments showed that the potentiation of RyR-mediated calcium release from internal stores by caffeine was absent in LMO4 KO neurons. The overall facilitatory effect of CICR on glutamate release induced during trains of action potentials was likewise defective in LMO4 KO, confirming that CICR machinery is severely compromised in these neurons. Moreover, the magnitude of CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation was reduced in LMO4 KO mice, a defect that appears to be secondary to an overall reduced glutamate release probability. These cellular phenotypes in LMO4 KO mice were accompanied with deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning as determined by the Morris water maze test. Thus, our results establish LMO4 as a key regulator of CICR in central neurons, providing a mechanism for LMO4 to modulate a wide range of neuronal functions and behavior.
PENGARUH ACADEMIC SELF EFFICACY DAN FRAUD DIAMOND TERHADAP PERILAKU KECURANGAN AKADEMIK MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI DI BALI

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of academic self efficacy and fraud diamond on academic fraud behavior among accounting students in Bali. Academic self efficacy was measured by the College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (Owen and Froman, 1988) and cheating behavior test was made by albretch et al. (2012). Questionnaires for measuring pressure, opportunity and rationalization using an instrument that has been used by Pamungkas (2015) and capability measured by using the instruments that had been developed by Wolfe and Hermanson (2004). The samples used in this study are 122 respondents consisting of accounting students from state and private university in Bali. The type of data used are primary data. Hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple linear regression. The result of multiple regression analysis between variables shows that there is academic self efficacy and fraud diamond simultaneously affect the academic fraud behavior of accounting students. Partial test indicates that academic self efficacy, pressure, opportunity, and rationalization do not have influence on the student academic fraud behavior while capability variable has positive effects on occurrence of student academic fraud bahavior
From the Boundary Element DDM to local Trefftz Finite Element Methods on Polyhedral Meshes

We derive and analyze new boundary element (BE) based finite element discretizations of potential-type, Helmholtz and Maxwell equations on arbitrary polygonal and polyhedral meshes. The starting point of this discretization technique is the symmetric BE Domain Decomposition Method (DDM), where the subdomains are the finite elements. This can be interpreted as a local Trefftz method that uses PDE-harmonic basis functions. This discretization technique leads to largescale sparse linear systems of algebraic equations which can efficiently be solved by Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) methods or AMG preconditioned conjugate gradient methods in the case of the potential equation and by Krylov subspace iterative methods in general.
Needle Exchange and Injection-Related Risk Behaviors in Chicago: A Longitudinal Study

Objective:To examine whether needle exchange program (NEP) use by injecting drug users (IDUs) affects injection risk behaviors over time. Methods:Between 1997 and 2000, 901 IDUs in Chicago were recruited for a cohort study from a multisite NEP and an area with no NEP. Participants were interviewed and tested for HIV at baseline and 3 annual follow-ups. Non-NEP users received HIV prevention services consistent with the Indigenous Leader Outreach Model. Random-effect logistic models were used to compare 5 injection-related risk behaviors between NEP users and nonusers. Results:The 30-day prevalence of receptive needle sharing decreased from 27.6% at baseline to 10.0% at visit 4 in NEP users and from 47.1% to 20.0% in nonusers. Similar patterns were observed for lending used needles, and NEP users were less likely to reuse their own needles. In multivariate analyses, NEP use was significantly associated with reduced odds of greater than 60% for receptive needle sharing, 45% for lending used needles, and 30% for sharing other injection paraphernalia as well as approximately a 2-fold increase in the odds of always bleaching used needles. Conclusions:NEP use facilitates long-term reductions in injection risk practices, and the reductions are in addition to the effects of a behavioral intervention alone.
Is the variant c.422+90G→A in intron 4 of indoleamine 2, 3 -dioxygenase (IDO) gene related to age related cataracts?

Purpose To screen for sequence variations in the IDO gene that encodes indoleamine 2, 3- dioxygenase (IDO), the first rate limiting enzyme involved in the tryptophan catabolism which results in the production of UV filters playing a role in the maintenance of lens transparency. Methods We conducted a case-control study to screen for sequence changes in the IDO gene and associated demographic risk factors in patients with nuclear (NC-110), cortical (CC-110) and Posterior sub capsular (PSC-111) cataracts in comparison to normal controls (210) from Hyderabad, India. Results Among the cataract types studied high risk was observed for CC and PSC types in female patients, individuals with low body mass index and smoking habit. Cataract development had early onset more frequently in cases of PSC followed by CC and NC. Screening by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) revealed mobility shifts in 6 of the 331 patient (3 with NC and 3 with PSC) samples which upon sequencing confirmed the presence of G→A transition (c.422+90G→A; rs4613984) in the intron downstream to exon 4 of IDO which was further tested by RFLP anlaysis using the HhaI restriction enzyme. Of the 6 patients, one with nuclear cataract showed homozygosity and the remaining five showed heterozygosity for the substitution. None of the control samples showed this variation. Conclusions It is possible that the substitution c.422+90G→A; rs4613984 in an intron downstream to exon 4 of IDO may be related with cataract formation among the aged.
An Attitude Approach to the Prediction of Entrepreneurship

Attitude is presented as a better approach to the description of entrepreneurs than either personality characteristics or demographics. The development and validation of the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) scale are explained. Sixty-three undergraduates were used in developing and establishing the test-retest reliability of the EAO. Fifty-four entrepreneurs and fifty-seven non-entrepreneurs served as known groups in establishing the discriminant validity of the EAO. There was a significant difference between known groups for all four of the EAO subscales (achievement, personal control, innovation, self-esteem); all subscales but achievement entered into a stepwise discriminant function.