Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training and Occupational Choice of Highly Skilled Immigrants

The transition pattern of post schooling individuals, displaced workers and immigrants to the labor market has similar characteristics. Unemployment falls quickly as workers first find blue-collar jobs, followed by a gradual movement to white-collar occupations. For immigrants the transition includes the learning of the new country language as well as the skills demanded by the new labor market. This paper focuses on male immigrants who moved from the former Soviet Union to Israel and are characterized by their high levels of skills, education and age. We study the impact of participation in training programs, job search, occupational choice and language acquisition of immigrants on their integration to the new labor market. In particular, we formulate a dynamic choice model for employment in blue and white collar occupations and training, where the labor market randomly offered opportunities are affected by the immigrant past choices. The model provides a labor supply pattern that is consistent with the observed choices and enables us to estimate the rate of return for training. Government sponsored training programs are commonly viewed as the best method for subsidizing human capital investment for displaced workers and immigrants. We formulate a model that jointly considers alternative motives for the participation in training programs. In particular, the participation in training affects the wage offers and the job offers probabilities differently in each occupation. Furthermore, the individual may have direct utility from participating in training and we allow for each of these elements to be different for two unobserved types of individuals (Heckman and Singer (1984)). We follow a sample of about 400 men immigrants, who arrived to Israel between 1989-1992, for at most their first 20 quarters (five years) in Israel. The participation in training started at the third quarter, picked at the forth and ended after 3 years in Israel. Only about 30 percent attained any training. Most immigrants left unemployment to blue collar occupations, although about 70 percent of them were working in white-collar jobs before the former USSR. After more than three years the unemployment rate, which was initially about 28%, was stabilized at about 10% (above national average) and the transition to white-collar jobs continued throughout the fifth year after migration.
How coaching can play a key role in the development of nurse managers.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore empirically the role that coaching plays in the development of nurse managers in order to inform further research and policy makers about the potential utility and value of this means of development. BACKGROUND There is evidence of the importance of the role of nurse managers who are first line managers of a team of nurses within any health sector. However, there appears to be little understanding of the United Kingdom wide scope of nurse manager development across the United Kingdom and the means to increase its effectiveness. At the same time, it appears that some nurse managers receive coaching to help in their development. DESIGN This is a mixed methods study, using a pragmatist paradigm. METHODS Data was gathered from a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. This paper is reporting the results of the qualitative interviews only. Twenty-one qualitative interviews were undertaken with nurse managers, coaches and directors of nursing to draw out their own experiences of coaching for nurse managers. Thematic analysis framework was used for data interrogation, identifying new patterns and emerging themes. RESULTS Themes that emerged from interviews include how nurse managers were introduced to coaching, how they balanced transitions, the role of reflection, the value of relationships and overlaps between clinical supervision, mentoring and coaching. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that following coaching, nurse managers gained increased resilience, confidence and better coping mechanisms. This resulted in perceived improved team management and cohesion and appeared to lead to better quality of care for patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study suggests the importance of nurse managers accessing coaching, to enable transformational leadership of their teams of nurses. It suggests also the importance of organisations supporting a coaching culture, to ensure staff satisfaction, motivation and improved quality of patient care.
Impact of gene vector design on the control of recombinant monoclonal antibody production by chinese hamster ovary cells

In this study, we systematically compare two vector design strategies for recombinant monoclonal antibody (Mab) synthesis by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells; a dual open reading frame (ORF) expression vector utilizing separate cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters to drive heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) expression independently, and a single ORF vector design employing a single CMV promoter to drive HC and LC polypeptide expression joined by a foot and mouth disease virus F2A polypeptide self‐cleaving linker sequence. Initial analysis of stable transfectants showed that transfectants utilizing the single ORF vector designs exhibited significantly reduced Mab production. We employed an empirical modeling strategy to quantitatively describe the cellular constraints on recombinant Mab synthesis in all stable transfectants. In all transfectants, an intracellular molar excess of LC polypeptide over HC polypeptide was observed. For CHO cells transfected with the single ORF vectors, model‐predicted, and empirical intracellular intermediate levels could only be reconciled by inclusion of nascent HC polypeptide degradation. Whilst a local sensitivity analysis showed that qMab of all transfectants was primarily constrained by recombinant mRNA translation rate, our data indicated that all single ORF transfectants exhibited a reduced level of recombinant gene transcription and that Mab folding and assembly reactions generically exerted greater control over qMab. We infer that the productivity of single ORF transfectants is limited by ER processing/degradation “capacity” which sets a limit on transcriptional input. We conclude that gene vector design for oligomeric recombinant proteins should be based on an understanding of protein‐specific synthetic kinetics rather than polypeptide stoichiometry. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2011
Network Structure and Innovative Performance of African Entrepreneurs: The Case of Uganda

In this study, we examine the impact of social capital on entrepreneurial innovativeness in an African context. Social capital refers to resources that are embedded in a durable network of relationships. This article focuses specifically on the structure of networks. There are two main views on the relation between network structure and entrepreneurial performance. One view argues that closed networks are beneficial for cooperation and resource sharing, which is needed to implement an innovation, while another view argues that closed networks constrain entrepreneurs, since it is open networks that provide entrepreneurs with fresh information and ideas. Based on these arguments, we hypothesise that the relationship between the degree of constraint of a network and innovative performance has an inverted U-shape. We also examine the hypothesis that overlap between personal and business networks will hamper innovative performance of entrepreneurs because information will be less diverse and heterogeneous, and because re-distributive kinship obligations may act as a drain on entrepreneurial resources. We test our hypotheses using a recent survey of about 700 Ugandan rural and urban entrepreneurs. Our hypotheses are supported in the urban sample, but not in the rural sample. Copyright 2012 , Oxford University Press.
Endogenous Growth, Human Capital, and Industry Wages

Lucas' 1988 model of the external effects of human capital formation is used as a starting point for an analysis of the impact of human capital on wages. Most empirical tests of new growth theory are based on time-series and cross-section data. This paper suggests a microeconometric approach to test Lucas' basic assumption of external effects of human capital. First, the internal effects of education are filtered out using wage functions for individuals. Second, the resulting industry wage premiums are regressed on industry-specific characteristics and, above all, on average human capital in the industry, to account for the external effects of human capital. The hypothesis is corroborated for Austria data. Finally, alternative hypotheses such as self-selection or varying individual human capital productivity in different sectors are examined.
What do women want

Any books that you read, no matter how you got the sentences that have been read from the books, surely they will give you goodness. But, we will show you one of recommendation of the book that you need to read. This what do women want is what we surely mean. We will show you the reasonable reasons why you need to read this book. This book is a kind of precious book written by an experienced author.
Further Evidence From Meta-Analysis of Audit Fee Research

This paper examines the accumulated weight of evidence in audit fee research. Research on factors related to audit fees has become more widespread in recent years, and there was a considerable upsurge in audit fee papers published subsequent to the data used in a recent meta-analysis. In this paper I use meta-analysis to accumulate statistical results from more recent published studies as well as the earlier studies and revisit the overall conclusions about the issues that are examined in audit fee research. The addition of audit fee studies from the more recent period shows that there is now evidence that audit fees are positively associated with internal control and with corporate governance. Evidence from previous studies regarding the audit fee premiums for Big 4 firms and industry specialist auditors, and about the positive relationship between non-audit services and audit fees is reinforced, although in each case there are issues regarding the underlying research that need to be addressed in future studies. The analysis also shows that longer audit tenure is associated with higher fees. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.
Exploring Organizational Barriers to Strengthening Clinical Supervision of Psychiatric Nursing Staff: A Longitudinal Controlled Intervention Study

This article reports findings from a longitudinal controlled intervention study of 115 psychiatric nursing staff. The twofold objective of the study was: (a) To test whether the intervention could increase clinical supervision participation and effectiveness of existing supervision practices, and (b) To explore organizational constraints to implementation of these strengthened practices. Questionnaire responses and registration of participation in clinical supervision were registered prior and subsequent to the intervention consisting of an action learning oriented reflection on staff's existing clinical supervision practices. Major organizational changes in the intervention group during the study period obstructed the implementation of strengthened clinical supervision practices, but offered an opportunity for studying the influences of organizational constraints. The main findings were that a) diminishing experience of social support from colleagues was associated with reduced participation in clinical supervision, while b) additional quantitative demands were associated with staff reporting difficulties finding time for supervision. This probably explained a negative development in the experienced effectiveness of supervision. It is concluded that organizational support is an imperative for implementation of clinical supervision.
Market Value and Corporate Debt: The 2006-2010 International Evidence

We analyse the differences in the financial debt level of firms both in market-oriented systems (the US, the UK) and bank-oriented systems (Germany, France and Italy) on a sample of 3360 listed companies between the period 2006 and 2010. Results indicate that the debt level is significantly higher in market-oriented systems when compared to the book value of equity. We find confirmation that Book-to-Market (BTM) cannot explain the debt level in bank-oriented systems but, contrary to reference literature, we observe that the BTM ratio has a negative influence on the debt level in market-oriented systems, especially in the United States. We claim different reasons to explain the evidence: (i) the financing standards of market-oriented countries, with an inflationary effect of market values on debt; (ii) an underlying activity for ownership protection and (iii) the unfavourable conditions of stock market over the years of the financial crisis that reduced the convenience of equity issuance.
Racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence rates by census division in the United States, 1999–2008

Black men have a higher incidence of prostate cancer than white men in the U.S., but little is known whether incidence or racial differences vary geographically. Understanding these differences may assist future studies on causes of prostate cancer. To address such, we leverage the unique resource of the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) combined with Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER).
Investment and Control Decisions in Foreign Markets: Evidence from Service Industries

We empirically investigate the entry mode choice in the service sector. In contrast to current models, we propose a model for choice of entry mode that breaks down the decision into two levels of analysis: first, at the more macro level, the choice of the degree of commitment is influenced mainly by country-related variables; second, at the more micro level, the choice of the degree of control is addressed by firm-related variables. Based on a sample of 328 foreign market entries, our study contributes to the literature of entry mode in two ways: first, by showing the explanatory capacity of the hierarchical model in the analysis of entry mode choice in the service sector; and second, through identifying and analysing the moderating role of two important contingencies in this decision – capital intensity and degree of customization. Moreover, the study advances our knowledge of some of the particularities in the internationalization of service firms.
Opinion Divergence and Post-Earnings Announcement Drift

This paper examines the relationship between divergent opinions and post-earnings announcement drift. We provide an improved measure of opinion divergence constructed from the dispersion of order flow across Nasdaq market makers that captures the breadth of divergence that is lost by volume-based measures. We find evidence that both limited participation (in the form of delayed price reaction and short sale constraints) and divergent opinions contribute significantly to drift. We also find that earnings surprises induce permanent upward shifts in opinion divergence, trading volume, and return volatility that last up to nine months following the announcement. Our results suggest that opinion divergence elicits added risk in the form of increased volatility with the resulting returns comprising a component of drift. We document that daily opinion divergence is a priced risk factor over the nine month drift period. The persistence of these relationships suggests that opinion divergence represents a fundamental change in the market's assessment of the announcing firm that extends beyond the announcement period and influences post-announcement stock returns.
A low-cost DDEM ADC structure for the testing of high-performance DACs

The testing of high resolution and high speed DACs (Digital-to-Analog Converters) is extremely challenging because of the requirements on the accuracy, speed and cost. This paper presents a new hardware overhead reduction method using DDEM (Deterministic Dynamic Element Matching) techniques for the testing of DACs. In this work, the proposed method make that resistors in a resistor string have different lengths by a merging operation. Accuracy of the proposed method is proven by theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the usage of resources over 17%.
JUSTifying Scrutiny: State Power in Prostitution Diversion Programs

Neoliberal policies are characterized by a blurring of therapeutic and coercive mechanisms, heightened scrutiny, and a focus on individual problems at the expense of systemic factors. Foucauldian scholars typically examine the mechanisms by which government regulates people in subtle and overt uses of its power; yet scholars often neglect empirical exploration of people's lived experience and its relation to larger social and policy contexts. In this article the authors draw upon their separate ethnographic research projects on the formation and functions of state programs that work with women engaged in street-level prostitution to foreground women's lived experience. Attention to how prostitution diversion programs work and how they are experienced demonstrates the higher costs women may pay under this incarnation of the neoliberal state. Nevertheless, many workers carry out this surveillance and coercion with empathy and care. Women prostitutes recognize this care and may respond to it, even crediting it with their lives' improvement. Despite their gratitude, the reality is that these programs are appreciated because the alternative is so untenable and potentially life threatening. Regardless, the neoliberal policies that have withdrawn welfare assistance and which therefore facilitate rather than address the problems of prostitute women remain unchanged by the care of devoted workers within these programs.
Costs of Infrastructure Deficiencies for Manufacturing in Nigerian, Indonesian and Thai Cities

This paper is a sequel to an earlier paper on Nigeria published in this journal. Using the fresh results obtained from the sample survey of manufacturing establishments conducted in Indonesia and Thailand (a sample of 290 and 300 establishments, respectively), the authors contrast and compare the findings from these new data with those of an earlier study on Nigeria. The main elements of comparisons include: the extent and incidence of public infrastructure deficiencies; the extent of manufacturers' private provision responses to the deficiencies; the capital shares of various private infrastructure investments including electric power, water, telecommunications, transport and waste disposal; and, costs of producing their own electricity and water. The extent of public infrastructure deficiencies and private provisions varies across the countries and firm sizes. For example, 92 per cent of the Nigerian firms had their own generators to supplement the inadequate public supply, while the figure was 66 per cent in Indonesia and only 6 per cent in Thailand. However, the quality of electric power in Thailand was not very different from that of Indonesia. The total share of capital investment in private infrastructure was 16 per cent of the total capital in the case of the Indonesian firms which is comparable with 14 per cent in the case of the Nigerian firms, but is twice that of the Thai firms. The private costs of infrastructure deficiencies are substantial and the burdens are much greater for small firms than large firms, which has a negative implication for the birth and growth of firms, hence employment and income generation, in cities in developing countries.
Issue Evolution Reconsidered: Racial Attitudes and Partisanship in the U.S. Electorate

Carmines and Stimson's theory of racial issue evolution has strongly influenced scholarly and popular interpretations of U.S. party politics. The central proposition of this theory is that racial attitudes have shaped the party loyalties of voters who have entered the electorate since 1964. Using data from the 1980 and 1988 American National Election Studies, this paper undertakes a test of the theory of racial issue evolution by examining the relationships between racial attitudes and party identification among white U.S. citizens. The evidence presented in this paper shows that racial attitudes had very little influence on party identification among either younger or older whites. Other issues, especially those involving the scope of the welfare state and national security, played a much larger role in driving many whites away from the Democratic party during the 1980s. Furthermore, racial attitudes had a negligible impact on whites' candidate preference in the 1988 presidential election.
The importance of cultural framing to the success of social initiatives in business

Executive Overview The unique nature of social initiatives, such as projects for environmental protection, diversity, or community development, poses particular challenges for those who wish to get them on the organizational agenda. How do their proponents both legitimize and gain action on these initiatives—activities that involve tapping into existing organizational beliefs, or cultural frames—when an organization has historically considered such issues to be outside its realm of concern? We identify eight possible cultural frames that may be used to motivate corporate action on social initiatives, and we illustrate the use of one frame through a case study of a high-technology manufacturer addressing a particular environmental problem. We use the case to identify framing tactics which proponents of social initiatives can use to best advance such issues in their organizations. These include using the metrics and language of relevant functional groups to assign responsibility for the problems, engaging t.
Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Low levels of testosterone in men have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes, visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome. We investigated the effect of testosterone treatment on insulin resistance and glycaemic control in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN This was a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in 24 hypogonadal men (10 treated with insulin) over the age of 30 years with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Patients were treated with i.m. testosterone 200 mg every 2 weeks or placebo for 3 months in random order, followed by a washout period of 1 month before the alternate treatment phase. The primary outcomes were changes in fasting insulin sensitivity (as measured by homeostatic model index (HOMA) in those not on insulin), fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin. The secondary outcomes were changes in body composition, fasting lipids and blood pressure. Statistical analysis was performed on the delta values, with the treatment effect of placebo compared against the treatment effect of testosterone. RESULTS Testosterone therapy reduced the HOMA index (-1.73 +/- 0.67, P = 0.02, n = 14), indicating an improved fasting insulin sensitivity. Glycated haemoglobin was also reduced (-0.37 +/- 0.17%, P = 0.03), as was the fasting blood glucose (-1.58 +/- 0.68 mmol/l, P = 0.03). Testosterone treatment resulted in a reduction in visceral adiposity as assessed by waist circumference (-1.63 +/- 0.71 cm, P = 0.03) and waist/hip ratio (-0.03 +/- 0.01, P = 0.01). Total cholesterol decreased with testosterone therapy (-0.4 +/- 0.17 mmol/l, P = 0.03) but no effect on blood pressure was observed. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone replacement therapy reduces insulin resistance and improves glycaemic control in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Improvements in glycaemic control, insulin resistance, cholesterol and visceral adiposity together represent an overall reduction in cardiovascular risk.