Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity-Based Profiling of a Physiologic Aglycone Library Reveals Sugar Acceptor Promiscuity of Family 1 UDP-Glucosyltransferases from Grape1[W]

A method based on an aglycone library was developed for the targeted analysis of acceptor molecules of UDP-glycosyltransferases. Monoterpenols serve various biological functions and accumulate in grape (Vitis vinifera), where a major fraction occurs as nonvolatile glycosides. We have screened the grape genome for sequences with similarity to terpene URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES (UGTs) from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A ripening-related expression pattern was shown for three candidates by spatial and temporal expression analyses in five grape cultivars. Transcript accumulation correlated with the production of monoterpenyl β-d-glucosides in grape exocarp during ripening and was low in vegetative tissue. Targeted functional screening of the recombinant UGTs for their biological substrates was performed by activity-based metabolite profiling (ABMP) employing a physiologic library of aglycones built from glycosides isolated from grape. This approach led to the identification of two UDP-glucose:monoterpenol β-d-glucosyltransferases. Whereas VvGT14a glucosylated geraniol, R,S-citronellol, and nerol with similar efficiency, the three allelic forms VvGT15a, VvGT15b, and VvGT15c preferred geraniol over nerol. Kinetic resolution of R,S-citronellol and R,S-linalool was shown for VvGT15a and VvGT14a, respectively. ABMP revealed geraniol as the major biological substrate but also disclosed that these UGTs may add to the production of further glycoconjugates in planta. ABMP of aglycone libraries provides a versatile tool to uncover novel biologically relevant substrates of small-molecule glycosyltransferases that often show broad sugar acceptor promiscuity.
A Parallel Java Grande Benchmark Suite

Increasing interest is being shown in the use of Java for large scale or Grande applications. This new use of Java places speci.c demands on the Java execution environments that can be tested using the Java Grande benchmark suite [5], [6], [7]. The large processing requirements of Grande applications makes parallelisation of interest. A suite of parallel benchmarks has been developed from the serial Java Grande benchmark suite, using three parallel programming models: Java native threads, MPJ (a message passing interface) and JOMP (a set of OpenMP-like directives). The contents of the suite are described, and results presented for a number of platforms.
Further Evidence Favoring Three-Option Items in Multiple-Choice Tests

This study examined the validity of an item-writing rule concerning the optimal number of options in the design of multiple-choice test items. Although measurement textbooks typically recommend the use of four or five options - and most ability and achievement tests still follow this rule - theoretical papers as well as empirical research over a period of more than half a century reveal that three options may be more suitable for most ability and achievement test items. Previous results show that three-option items, compared with their four-option versions, tend to be slightly easier (i. e., with higher traditional difficulty indexes) without showing any decrease in discrimination. In this study, two versions (with four and three options) of 90 items comprising three computerized examinations were applied in successive years, showing the expected trend. In addition, there were no systematic changes in reliability for the tests, which adds to the evidence favoring the use of the three-option test item.
Maintenance and Generalization Effects of Semantic and Phonological Treatments of Anomia

Anomia is one of the most frequent manifestations in aphasia. Model-based treatments for anomia usually focus on semantic and/or phonological levels of processing. This study reports treatment of anomia in an individual with chronic aphasia. After baseline testing, she received a training program in which semantic and phonological treatments were contrasted. The semantic treatment resulted in generalization to closely semantically related untreated items. Moreover, this beneficial effect was highly durable and maintained at the immediate posttreatment level for at least 3 months. However, the positive response to the phonological treatment was limited to treated stimuli only. This case study demonstrates that improvement in word-finding abilities may be possible in chronic anomic aphasia, even after a relatively short period of therapy. It also underlines the importance of relying on theoretical models of language processing to adapt treatments to each specific deficit.
Contexts of Cryptomnesia: May the Source Be with You

Cryptomnesia represents an intriguing type of mental illusion in which people mistakenly believe that they have produced a new idea when in fact they have simply unwittingly retrieved an old, previously encountered idea from memory. Drawing on recent research on this form of inadvertent plagiarism, we hypothesized that perceivers' susceptibility to the illusion that other people's responses were actually self-generated would be influenced by contextual variables that impact upon the efficiency of source monitoring. The results of three studies, examining different contextual factors (i.e., Experiment 1, perceptual similarity; Experiment 2, cognitive distraction; Experiment 3, retrieval context), confirmed this prediction. We consider how difficulties in source monitoring may inform our understanding of the process and consequences of cryptomnesia in everyday life.
Tide‐induced groundwater fluctuation in a coastal leaky confined aquifer system extending under the sea

This paper presents the analytical solution of groundwater response to tidal fluctuation in a coastal multilayer aquifer system consisting of a leaky confined aquifer, a semipermeable layer, and an unconfined aquifer. The semipermeable layer, or the roof of the leaky confined aquifer, extends under the sea. Comparisons are made with solutions derived previously, which considered only a single aquifer, zero extension of the roof, or infinite roof length, and demonstrate that the previous solutions are special cases of the solution presented here. A hypothetical example is used to discuss the impact of the dimensionless roof length, dimensionless leakage, and tidal efficiency on the groundwater level fluctuations in the inland part of the confined aquifer. The fluctuation decreases significantly with the roof length when the roof length is small but is insensitive to the change of roof length when the roof length is greater than a threshold. The impacts of leakage from the offshore and inland portions of the confining unit are different. Leakage from the offshore portion tends to increase the fluctuation of the groundwater level, while leakage from the inland portion tends to decrease the fluctuation. The fluctuation increases as the tidal efficiency increases. This fact is significant only when the roof length is great and leakage is small.
ETIOLOGY OF LOSS AMONG PARENTS FALSELY ACCUSED OF ABUSE OR NEGLECT

This study examines the experiences of loss among parents whose children were in child protective custody that resulted from false accusations of abuse or neglect. In practice, child protective service assessments more times than not clear parents of charges of wrongdoing, however the impact of these investigations on parents has not yet been documented. Field data produced over 500 pages of text that incorporated the stories of 63 parents. The data was collected through literature searches of legal testimonies, on-line postings, and direct interviews with 5 family participants. The themes of loss included: (1) physical separation; (2) the loss of fantasy of their faith in the system; (3) the loss of the fantasy that they could protect their child; and (4) the loss of the sense that their parenting experience had been normal. Some recommendations for improving assessments, parent education, and therapeutic interventions are discussed. Laura Dreuth Zeman is an Associate Professor at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale. She is a clinical social worker specializing in mental illness, addiction, and family care. She earned a doctorate that concentrated on education and human services from Vanderbilt University in 1996. Her understanding of families and trauma was developed through years of extensive research and enhanced by her experiences working as a therapist in psychiatric hospitals and in private practice.
Agent-Based Modeling and Organization Studies: A critical realist perspective

The method of agent-based modeling raises philosophy of science issues that modelers have yet to resolve in a way that reconciles their work with that of other management and organization researchers. As a result, agent-based modelers have made only modest contributions to advancing organization theory and empirical research. In response, this study proposes critical realism as a philosophical perspective to understand and orient agent-based modeling research. A critical realist perspective clarifies the nature and purpose of agent-based modeling and indicates the potential complementarity between agent-based modeling and other approaches to theory building and testing in the field of management and organization studies. Key emphases within critical realism on mechanismic explanations, emergence, simplifying assumptions, and abductive reasoning support agent-based modelers’ practices. Critical realism carries implications for specifying models, clarifying ontology, evaluating model outcomes, validating models, triangulating, and identifying the limits of agent-based modeling. This study provides practical guidance from a critical realist perspective—to modelers and nonmodelers—to advance the contribution of agent-based modeling to management and organization research.
Holidays and celebrations as a spiritual occupation

Holistic occupational therapists acknowledge their responsibility in addressing the spiritual dimension of their clients. However, due to the difficulties in applying spirituality to practice, the role of occupational therapists in regard to their clients’ spirituality remains unclear. This study suggests that the celebration of holidays may be used as a meaningful activity for fulfilling clients’ spiritual needs. Holidays, which commemorate religious, national, or personal events, are a special time set apart from ongoing day-to-day existence. While the meaning of holidays has been widely discussed from a historical, anthropological, sociocultural, and educational point of view, little can be found in the literature regarding the therapeutic aspects of holidays. The present paper discusses four dimensions in the meaningful celebration of holidays and their therapeutic implications: religious; sociocultural; time management; and leisure. These dimensions are explored as foci of intervention in occupational therapy. Finally, recommendations for clinical practice accompanied by a case illustration are presented.
Officers and School Settings

Despite growing numbers of school police personnel, little research has examined how school environments influence officers assigned to school resource officer (SRO) programs. This study explored officers’ perceptions of their roles and job satisfaction. Fifty-two SROs from a statewide Midwestern region were matched to 320 patrol officers at a Midwestern agency. Propensity score matching analyses revealed, compared with patrol officers, SROs performed fewer law enforcement and order maintenance tasks, reported lower levels of role ambiguity and conflict, and were more satisfied along one dimension of job satisfaction. Findings indicated officers in a specialized position were protected from sources of role ambiguity and conflict resulting in greater job satisfaction, which poses implications for improving job performance and officer wellbeing.
BEAUTIFUL FACES ENHANCE VERBAL WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE: AN NIRS STUDY

In addition to material rewards (such as money, food, and liquid), various social signals, including facial attractiveness, are perceived as incentives. Although material and monetary rewards are known to enhance various aspects of cognitive performance, it is not clear whether and how social signals affect cognition. The present study focused on facial attractiveness and investigated its effects on working memory. In addition, we used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to characterize the activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), an area known to be involved in the processing of reward-related cues in working memory. Our results show that compared to the non-reward condition, the cue for attractive faces enhanced working memory performance, but DLPFC activation did not differ between these two conditions. These results provide new evidence that facial attractiveness enhances verbal working memory performance and function via neural mechanisms different from those characterized for other types of rewarding cues.
Automatic Generation of Robot Applications Using a Knowledge Integration Framework

This article describes an integrated approach for the handling and modeling of knowledge for assembly processes in an automated production environment. High-level information on the process provided by the user needs to be transferred into executable code. This is informal information and might be even available in natural language. With the help of several information sources like CAD or sensor data, device and skill descriptions, planning algorithms, process knowledge and finally domain knowledge the Knowledge Integration Framework derives a formal application description. Therefore, the user input is parsed and analyzed with all the relevant knowledge made available in a formal representation beforehand. With the help of computer-based reasoning and inference algorithms the input is evaluated and enhancements for missing information are requested from the user. The core part of the implementation is to capture and to enable access to the available knowledge. Without a proper representation of all process and operation details the Knowledge Integration Framework cannot perform this challenging work. The formal application description is fed into the code generator where device-specific code together with the execution sequence is created. On runtime these executable programs - after deployment to the physical devices - are iteratively readapted taking strategies for safety and error recovery into account. This work promises a strong potential for realizing future robot installations in a robust and efficient way, taking into account a dynamic environment and human robot cooperation with respect to safe task execution and human injury prevention.
Beating heart tracking in robotic surgery using 500 Hz visual servoing, model predictive control and an adaptive observer

This work presents first in-vivo results of beating heart tracking with a surgical robot arm in off-pump cardiac surgery. The tracking is performed in a 2D visual servoing scheme using a 500 frame per second video camera. Heart motion is measured by means of active optical markers that are put onto the heart surface. Amplitude of the motion is evaluated along the two axis of the image reference frame. This is a complex and fast motion that mainly reflects the influence of both the respiratory motion and the electro-mechanical activity of the myocardium. A model predictive controller is setup to track the two degrees of freedom of the observed motion by computing velocities for two of the robot joints. The servoing scheme takes advantage of the ability of predictive control to anticipate over future references provided they are known or they can be predicted. An adaptive observer is defined along with a simple cardiac model to estimate the two components of the heart motion. The predictions are then fed into the controller references and it is shown that the tracking behaviour is greatly improved.
What do Students Learn when we Teach Music?

This article presents the findings of a small-scale investigation amongst third-year undergraduate music students in a UK university. Students and staff gave their views on the messages and values communicated through the teaching and atmosphere of the music department, so building up a preliminary picture of the `hidden' curriculum, which runs alongside more formal teaching. The music department is portrayed as a `family', with the strengths and conflicts that this brings to its members, and the results of the study show a realization that responsibility for learning lies with the students, despite a high level of dependence on teaching staff for motivation and guidance. There is clearly potential for future research in this area, and some suggestions for its direction are offered. Implications for teaching and pastoral care in higher education are also considered, with the conclusion that the `hidden' curriculum has an important role to play in shaping the student experience of university.
In vitro activity of azithromycin in Salmonella isolates from Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION Enteric fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. It is a significant public health issue in Pakistan, which is exacerbated by a high level of resistance some isolates display to drugs routinely used in treatment. Azithromycin may be a treatment option for such isolates. METHODOLOGY We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi isolates against azithromycin in an attempt to gauge its feasibility as a therapeutic option. The MICs were also compared with corresponding disc diffusion zone sizes to see if there was consistency between the two tests. We tested 45 Salmonella enterica isolates using E-tests for MIC detection and azithromycin discs with a concentration of 15µg/ml for disc diffusion testing. RESULTS Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, and Salmonella Paratyphi C isolates demonstrated MICs of 2-12mg/L against azithromycin, suggesting that the antibiotic could be used for therapeutic purposes. For Salmonella Paratyphi B, the MICs were 2-48 mg/L. The higher MIC indicates a need for caution when considering use of azithromycin for Salmonella Paratyphi B infections without first testing for the MIC. There was a close correlation between MICs and zone sizes which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate azithromycin is a potential therapeutic option for enteric fever. Standardized laboratory testing methods and interpretation for azithromycin against Salmonella enterica would allow laboratories to report upon this antibiotic with confidence.
A Soviet Marxist View of Structural Chemistry: The Theory of Resonance Controversy

THE INADEQUACY OF classical bond diagrams in depicting important 1 chemical compounds has been known from the very beginning of structural chemistry. Certain compounds cannot be described in terms of any one classical structure. Instead, these compounds must be described as " intermediate " structures which contain nonintegral bonds. The resonance theory of valency, developed around 1930 by Linus Pauling and further expanded by G. W. Wheland, is an attempt to explain this structural phenomenon. ' The significance of the resonance theory according to Wheland is that "it is considered possible for the true state of a molecule to be not identical with that represented by any single classical valence-bond structure, but to be intermediate between those represented by two or more different valence-bond structures. " 2 Such an intermediate structure is known as a " resonance hybrid. " Structural chemists have described many such hybrids. The two valence-bond structures " contributing " to the carboxylate ion are: 3
Expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and the TGFβ signalling molecule SMAD-2P in spontaneous and instability-induced osteoarthritis: role in cartilage degradation, chondrogenesis and osteophyte formation

Background: The primary feature of osteoarthritis is cartilage loss. In addition, osteophytes can frequently be observed. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has been suggested to be associated with protection against cartilage damage and new cartilage formation as seen in osteophytes. Objective: To study TGFβ and TGFβ signalling in experimental osteoarthritis to gain insight into the role of TGFβ in cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation during osteoarthritis progression. Methods: Histological sections of murine knee joints were stained immunohistochemically for TGFβ3 and phosphorylated SMAD-2 (SMAD-2P). Expression patterns were studied in two murine osteoarthritis models, representing spontaneous (STR/ort model) and instability-associated osteoarthritis (collagenase-induced instability model). Results: TGFβ3 and SMAD-2P staining was increasingly reduced in cartilage during osteoarthritis progression in both models. Severely damaged cartilage was negative for TGFβ3. In contrast, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression was increased. In chondrocyte clusters, preceding osteophyte formation, TGFβ3 and SMAD-2P were strongly expressed. In early osteophytes, TGFβ3 was found in the outer fibrous layer, in the peripheral chondroblasts and in the core. Late osteophytes expressed TGFβ3 only in the fibrous layer. SMAD-2P was found throughout the osteophyte at all stages. In the late-stage osteophytes, BMP-2 was strongly expressed. Conclusion: Data show that lack of TGFβ3 is associated with cartilage damage, suggesting loss of the protective effect of TGFβ3 during osteoarthritis progression. Additionally, our results indicate that TGFβ3 is involved in early osteophyte development, whereas BMP might be involved in late osteophyte development.
Compressed and Privacy-Sensitive Sparse Regression

Recent research has studied the role of sparsity in high-dimensional regression and signal reconstruction, establishing theoretical limits for recovering sparse models. This line of work shows that lscr1 -regularized least squares regression can accurately estimate a sparse linear model from noisy examples in high dimensions. We study a variant of this problem where the original n input variables are compressed by a random linear transformation to m Lt n examples in p dimensions, and establish conditions under which a sparse linear model can be successfully recovered from the compressed data. A primary motivation for this compression procedure is to anonymize the data and preserve privacy by revealing little information about the original data. We characterize the number of projections that are required for lscr1 -regularized compressed regression to identify the nonzero coefficients in the true model with probability approaching one, a property called ldquosparsistence.rdquo We also show that lscr1 -regularized compressed regression asymptotically predicts as well as an oracle linear model, a property called ldquopersistence.rdquo Finally, we characterize the privacy properties of the compression procedure, establishing upper bounds on the mutual information between the compressed and uncompressed data that decay to zero.