Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significance of newborn age and dose of urethan in leukemogenesis.

Summary Urethan alone has been known to be slightly leukemogenic for newborn mice and even less so for the adults. The studies were made to determine whether infant mice have the same susceptibility to leukemogenesis as newborns in relationship to the dose of urethan delivered. Urethan was injected repeatedly at 3 dose levels into C57BL × C3H F 1 mice starting when less than 24 hr old or at 7 days of age. The injections were given i.p. at 3-day intervals for a total of 6 times. The total dose of urethan delivered/gm body weight was 2.1, 3.0, or 4.2 mg. The mice treated for the 1st time at newborn age developed leukemia of 7, 32, and 74% for 3 dose levels, respectively. However, the animals initially exposed to urethan when 7 days old showed a significantly lower incidence of 0, 7, and 38%. The positive linear dose-response relationship was found for both age groups between the total dose of urethan delivered and the incidence of leukemia. The results demonstrated that 7-day-old mice are less susceptible than newborns to urethan leukemogenesis, which could be compensated for by increasing the dose of urethan. Findings also convincingly confirmed the leukemogenicity of urethan for mice. These observations were correlated with previous findings and discussed in relation to current knowledge concerning the high susceptibility of newborn mice to urethan leukemogenesis.
Clinical Communication and Collaboration: Three Essays Examining the Impact of IT Interventions on At-Risk Populations using Healthcare Analytics

This study examines the effect of message framing on the adoption of smart cards in high risk, vulnerable patient populations. We integrate the technology acceptance model with the prospect theory. Considering a four-level disease-based risk classifier, we use message framing we assess the impact of gainand loss-framed messages on patient likelihood to adopt. An experimental survey design was employed to collect patient data, and logistic regression was used to test the model hypothesis. The final sample of 673 participants included respondents 18 years old or older. Results indicate that information accuracy, perceived ease of use, social influence, data security, and location monitoring are mechanisms that affect a patient’s likelihood to adopt smart cards. Our results support the premise that different factors impact patients with varying risk levels for each message frame. Within the high-risk group, gain-framed messaging changes the importance of two factors on the probability of adoption while loss-framed messaging affects three. Amongst low-risk participants, the gain-framed and loss-framed messages vary the impact of one distinct construct when compared to the high-risk group.
Location tracking: views from the older adult population.

BACKGROUND there has been a rise in the use of social media applications that allow people to see where friends, family and nearby services are located. Yet while uptake has been high for younger people, adoption by older adults is relatively slow, despite the potential health and social benefits. In this paper, we explore the barriers to acceptance of location-based services (LBS) in a community of older adults. OBJECTIVE to understand attitudes to LBS technologies in older adults. METHODS eighty-six older adults used LBS for 1-week and completed pre- and post-use questionnaires. Twenty available volunteers from the first study also completed in-depth interviews after their experience using the LBS technology. RESULTS the pre-use questionnaire identified perceptions of usefulness, individual privacy and visibility as predictive of intentions to use a location-tracking service. Post-use, perceived risk was the only factor to predict intention to use LBS. Interviews with participants revealed that LBS was primarily seen as an assistive technology and that issues of trust and privacy were important. CONCLUSION the findings from this study suggest older adults struggle to see the benefits of LBS and have a number of privacy concerns likely to inhibit future uptake of location-tracking services and devices.
Unexplained Gaps and Oaxaca-Blinder Decompositions

We analyze four methods to measure unexplained gaps in mean outcomes: three decompositions based on the seminal work of Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) and an approach involving a seemingly naive regression that includes a group indicator variable. Our analysis yields two principal findings. We show that the coefficient on a group indicator variable from an OLS regression is an attractive approach for obtaining a single measure of the unexplained gap. We also show that a commonly-used pooling decomposition systematically overstates the contribution of observable characteristics to mean outcome differences when compared to OLS regression, therefore understating unexplained differences. We then provide three empirical examples that explore the practical importance of our analytic results.
The Impact of Ongoing Brain Activity on the Variability of Human Brain Function and Behaviour

Perceptual decisions can be made when sensory input affords an inference about what generated that input. Here, we report findings from two independent perceptual experiments conducted during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a sparse event-related design. The first experiment, in the visual modality, involved forced-choice discrimination of coherence in random dot kinematograms that contained either subliminal or periliminal motion coherence. The second experiment, in the auditory domain, involved free response detection of (non-semantic) near-threshold acoustic stimuli. We analysed fluctuations in ongoing neural activity, as indexed by fMRI, and found that neuronal activity in sensory areas (extrastriate visual and early auditory cortex) biases perceptual decisions towards correct inference and not towards a specific percept. Hits (detection of near-threshold stimuli) were preceded by significantly higher activity than both misses of identical stimuli or false alarms, in which percepts arise in the absence of appropriate sensory input. In accord with predictive coding models and the free-energy principle, this observation suggests that cortical activity in sensory brain areas reflects the precision of prediction errors and not just the sensory evidence or prediction errors per se. Citation: Hesselmann G, Sadaghiani S, Friston KJ, Kleinschmidt A (2010) Predictive Coding or Evidence Accumulation? False Inference and Neuronal Fluctuations. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9926. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0009926 Editor: Jan Lauwereyns, Kyushu University, Japan Received November 25, 2009; Accepted March 9, 2010; Published March 29, 2010 Copyright: 2010 Hesselmann et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This fMRI experiment was part of a general research program on functional neuroimaging of the human brain which was sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission (principal investigator Denis Le Bihan). This work was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (SPONTACT; France). S.S. is supported by the Friedrich-Ebert Foundation (Germany). G.H. is supported by a Minerva fellowship (Max Planck Society). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: andreas.kleinschmidt@cea.fr . These authors contributed equally to this work.
Initial Development and Validation of the Perceptions of the Blended Learning Environment Questionnaire

Learning in blended environments has become a ubiquitous part of student experience in tertiary education worldwide. Although students’ perceptions of learning environments are a key element in the learning process, there is a dearth of valid instruments to assess students’ perceptions in blended contexts. This study described the initial development and validation of a Perceptions of the Blended Learning Environment Questionnaire (PBLEQ). The analyses, involving two cohorts of students enrolled in courses either from humanities/social sciences disciplines or from sciences/engineering disciplines, consistently supported the bifactor model over a correlated first-order model and a second-order model. The bifactor model had a single perceptions factor that underlined each of the items. Separately, there were three specific factors: the perceptions of integration between face-to-face and online learning, the perceptions of online contributions, and the perceptions of the online workload, each having its own separate set of items. The invariance tests among the two cohorts validated that the PBLEQ had invariant factor structure, factor loadings, and intercepts. The PBLEQ has potential to help unravel students’ perceptions of the blended learning environment in diverse academic disciplines.
Syngonanthus androgynus, a Striking New Species from South America, its Phylogenetic Placement and Implications for Evolution of Bisexuality in Eriocaulaceae

In the present study, we describe and illustrate a remarkable new species of Syngonanthus from South America (Bolivia, Brazil and Peru). This new species is quickly distinguished from all species in the genus by trimerous and bisexual flowers, a unique set of characteristics in Syngonanthus. Complementary to this study, sequences of 33 species were downloaded from GenBank and four species had sequences newly generated for this study. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and the plastid regions psbA-trnH and trnL-F were performed to determine its systematic position. The results have shown S. androgynus closely related to a well-supported clade that has been treated as Syngonanthus sect. Carphocephalus. Floral traits associated with this new plant also were surveyed. Character reconstruction suggests that the bisexual flowers originated independently more than once in the genus. However, trimerous flowers appear to be an ancestral condition of the whole genus.
Long-term application of lepirudin on chronic haemodialysis over 34 months after heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

adenine with La (Figure 3A in [1]). These results can only be due to contamination either in the animal facility or during sample analysis. Toxicology studies require meticulous attention to separation of laboratory animals and samples, far more than is necessary for other laboratory studies. As was pointed out in the correspondence of Rambeck [4], the high lung La levels that were reported by Lacour et al. may very well represent La that was inhaled from the powdered diet. Furthermore, the plasma phosphorus levels were markedly reduced by La in both models of CRF used by Lacour et al. [1] and the decreased serum phosphorus may very well have contributed to the reduction in organ weight that they found. To exclude phosphorus depletion as a cause for any apparent changes in organ weight, we introduced a control group with adenine-induced renal failure fed an adenine-low phosphorus diet for the last four weeks of the study. In summary, ingested La did not cause a reduction in liver weight in our study nor any hepatotoxicity in ours and other studies as well as in patient studies.
Hippocampal-Prefrontal Circuit and Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders

In rodents, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for learning and memory, and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) participates in numerous cognitive functions including working memory, flexibility, decision making, and rewarding learning. The neuronal projections from the hippocampus, either directly or indirectly, to the PFC, referred to as the hippocampal-prefrontal cortex (Hip-PFC) circuit, play a critical role in cognitive and emotional regulation and memory consolidation. Although in certain psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, structural connectivity viewed by imaging techniques has been consistently found to be associated with clinical phenotype and disease severity, the focus has moved towards the investigation of connectivity correlates of molecular pathology and coupling of oscillation. Moreover, functional and structural connectivity measures have been emerging as potential intermediate biomarkers for neuronal disorders. In this review, we summarize progress on the anatomic, molecular, and electrophysiological characters of the Hip-PFC circuit in cognition and emotion processes with an emphasis on oscillation and functional connectivity, revealing a disrupted Hip-PFC connectivity and electrical activity in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders as a promising candidate of neural marker for neuronal disorders.
Permeability of Alkali Metal Cations in Lobster Muscle

Single muscle fibers from lobster walking legs are effectively impermeable to Na, but are permeable to K. They shrink in hyperosmotic NaCl; they swell in low NaCl media which are hyposmotic or which are made isosmotic with the addition of KCl. In conformity, the membrane potential is relatively insensitive to changes in external Na, while it responds according to the Nernst relation for changes in external K. When the medium is made isosmotic or hyperosmotic with RbCl the volume and membrane potential changes are of essentially the same magnitudes as those in media enriched with KCl. The time courses for attaining equilibrium are slower, indicating that Rb is less permeant than K. Substitution of CsCl for NaCl (isosmotic condition) produces no change in volume of the muscle fiber. Addition of CsCl (hyperosmotic condition) causes a shrinkage which attains a steady state, as is the case in hyperosmotic NaCl. Osmotically, therefore, Cs appears to be no more permeant than is Na. However, the membrane depolarizes slowly in Cs-enriched media and eventually comes to behave as an ideal Cs electrode. Thus, the electrode properties of the lobster muscle fiber membrane may not depend upon the diffusional relations of the membrane and ions, and the osmotic permeability of the membrane for a given cation may not correspond with the electrophysiologically deduced permeability. Comparative data on the effects of NH4 and Li are also included and indicate several other degrees of complexity in the cell membrane.
Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency

This bibliography lists all the works cited and significant works consulted for Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency (New York: W.W. Norton, 2016). Its sections are (I) Archives; (II) Books and Articles; and (III) Periodicals. Routine newspaper and magazine articles are not individually cited but included in the Periodicals section. Websites used can be found in the book’s endnotes.
Demand Fluctuations and Plant Turnover in the Ready-Mix Concrete Industry

Fluctuations in demand cause some plants to exit a market and other to enter.Would eliminating these fluctuations reduce plant turnover? A structural model of entry and exit in concentrated markets is estimatedfor the ready-mix concrete industry, using plant level data from the U.S. Census. The Nested Pseudo-Likelihood algorithm isused to find parameters which rationalize behavior of firms involved in repeated competition. Due to high sunk costs, turnover rates would only be reduced by 3% by eliminating demand fluctuations at the county level, saving around 20 million dollars a year in scrapped capital. However, demand fluctuations blunt firms incentive to invest, reducing the number of large plants by more than 50%.
A novel ABCG-like transporter of Trypanosoma cruzi is involved in natural resistance to benznidazole

Benznidazole (BZ) is one of the two drugs used for Chagas disease treatment. Nevertheless therapeutic failures of BZ have been reported, which were mostly attributed to variable drug susceptibility among Trypanosoma cruzi strains. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in a variety of translocation processes and some members have been implicated in drug resistance. Here we report the characterisation of the first T. cruzi ABCG transporter gene, named TcABCG1, which is over-expressed in parasite strains naturally resistant to BZ. Comparison of TcABCG1 gene sequence of two TcI BZ-resistant strains with CL Brener BZ-susceptible strain showed several single nucleotide polymorphisms, which determined 11 amino acid changes. CL Brener transfected with TcI transporter genes showed 40-47% increased resistance to BZ, whereas no statistical significant increment in drug resistance was observed when CL Brener was transfected with the homologous gene. Only in the parasites transfected with TcI genes there was 2-2.6-fold increased abundance of TcABCG1 transporter protein. The analysis in wild type strains also suggests that the level of TcABCG1 transporter is related to BZ natural resistance. The characteristics of untranslated regions of TcABCG1 genes of BZ-susceptible and resistant strains were investigated by computational tools.
Effect of breastfeeding on immunogenicity of oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine: a randomized trial in HIV-uninfected infants in Soweto, South Africa.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of abstention from breastfeeding, for an hour before and after each vaccination, on the immune responses of infants to two doses of rotavirus vaccine. METHODS In Soweto, South Africa, mother-infant pairs who were uninfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were enrolled as they presented for the "6-week" immunizations of the infants. Each infant was randomly assigned to Group 1 - in which breastfeeding was deferred for at least 1 h before and after each dose of rotavirus vaccine - or Group 2 - in which unrestricted breastfeeding was encouraged. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate the titres of rotavirus-specific IgA in samples of serum collected from each infant immediately before each vaccine dose and 1 month after the second dose. Among the infants, a fourfold or greater increase in titres of rotavirus-specific IgA following vaccination was considered indicative of seroconversion. FINDINGS The evaluable infants in Group 1 (n=98) were similar to those in Group 2 (n=106) in their baseline demographic characteristics and their pre-vaccination titres of anti-rotavirus IgA. After the second vaccine doses, geometric mean titres of anti-rotavirus IgA in the sera of Group-1 infants were similar to those in the sera of Group-2 infants (P=0.685) and the frequency of seroconversion in the Group-1 infants was similar to that in the Group-2 infants (P=0.485). CONCLUSION Among HIV-uninfected South African infants, abstention from breastfeeding for at least 1 h before and after each vaccination dose had no significant effect on the infants' immune response to a rotavirus vaccine.
Kemampuan Berbahasa Anak Autis Tipe Pddnos di Slb Muhammadiyah Sidayu Gresik: Kajian Psikolinguistik

Communication will be successful if the speakers and the hearers are successfully producing and comprehending the speech. In this case, if someone have difficulties to produced or understand the speech, they cannot communicate like a normal person, that is autism with PDDNOS. Autism with PDDNOS have differents characteristics with other types of autism, that is autism children with PDDNOS can communicate on social behaviour. The goals of this research are to know characteristics of language production based onScovel theory about language production of human. On the basis of the research problem, this study is a descriptive qualitative research, and the data is taken through observation with recording on videos. The data of this research is transfered to computer and it is observed several times, and then it is transcribed in order to be easily analyzed. Scovel's theory (1998), is about language productionssuch as conceptialization, formulation, articulation, and self-monitoring. The result of this study is children with PDDNOS have difficulties to produced his language. He also repeated what the speaker says if he didnot understand the meaning of the communicaton.
Kinematics of suction feeding in the seahorse Hippocampus reidi

SUMMARY Fish typically use a rostro-caudal wave of head expansion to generate suction, which is assumed to cause a uni-directional, anterior-to-posterior flow of water in the expanding head. However, compared with typical fish, syngnathid fishes have a remarkably different morphology (elongated snout, small hyoid, immobile pectoral girdle) and feeding strategy (pivot feeding: bringing the small mouth rapidly close to the prey by neurocranial dorsorotation). As a result, it is unclear how suction is generated in Syngnathidae. In this study, lateral and ventral expansions of the head were quantified in Hippocampus reidi and linked to the kinematics of the mouth, hyoid and neurocranium. In addition, the flow velocities inside the bucco-pharyngeal cavity and in front of the mouth were calculated. Our data suggest that the volume changes caused by lateral expansion are dominant over ventral expansion. Maximum gape, neurocranium rotation and hyoid depression are all reached before actual volume increase and before visible prey movement. This implies that, unlike previously studied teleosts, hyoid rotation does not contribute to ventral expansion by lowering the floor of the mouth during prey capture in H. reidi. The lateral volume changes show a rostro-caudal expansion, but the maximal flow velocity is not near the mouth aperture (as has been demonstrated for example in catfish) but at the narrow region of the buccal cavity, dorsal to the hyoid.
Critical factors for success in university-industry research projects

This study provides insight into the reality of university-industry technology transfer through the assessment of some of the most influential factors for success or failure in research contracts. This widespread mechanism of technology transfer is examined in the light of exhaustive information and experience gathered from thirty interviews with qualified university researchers. The interviewees, who have been directly involved in collaborative projects with industry partners, have deeply described both sound and unsatisfactory cooperation cases, in order to explore which relevant circumstances have led to success or failure. The analysis drives to conclude that there are some features (beyond technological ones) related to the corporate partner’s strategic and functional characteristics, which come to be decisive for success. For example, company’s real interest and involvement during the technology transfer process, its capacity to assimilate new knowledge and a confident attitude towards the university research group are identified to be key elements for attaining an effective technology transfer. In this contribution, the importance of these aspects is contextualized and summarized in a model for successful technology transfer.