Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embarrassing Exposures in Online Social Networks: An Integrated Perspective of Privacy Invasion and Relationship Bonding

Online social networks greatly facilitate social exchange among friends. At times, for amusement, individuals may be targeted by friends’ playful teases, which often involve exposing individuals’ private embarrassing information, such as information that reveals their past indecent behavior, mischief, or clumsiness. Although individuals sometimes do enjoy the humor, they might also be offended by the involuntary exposure. Drawing on social exchange theory, this paper elucidates the consequences of an embarrassing exposure in online social networks. Specifically, this study examines the effects of information dissemination and network commonality on individuals’ exchange assessment as well as how this assessment shapes their behavioral responses. The results of our experiment provide strong evidence that information dissemination and network commonality jointly influence individuals’ perceived privacy invasion and perceived relationship bonding. In addition, whereas perceived privacy invasion increases tra.
Motivations For BYOD: An Investigation Of The Contents Of A 21st Century School Bag

Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) is an emerging socio-technical phenomenon in both business es, and increasingly, in schools-where it is being advocated for ICT enabled learning. The later has not, to date, received as much research attention as the former. Despite accelerating adoption, the factors that affect students’ use of BYOD are still not well articulated. This research determines those factors that affect secondary school students’ use of BYOD. We used a modified version of Taylor and Todd’s (1995) decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to evaluate antecedents to behavioural intention to BYOD. We received 386 responses from 9 New Zealand secondary schools. The results show that students’ behavioural intention to use their own device is substantially influenced by their attitude and moderately influenced by their subjective norms and perceived behavioural control.
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Against Staphylococcus aureus in Fresh Sheep Cheese

Essential oils (EOs) are aromatic oily liquids extracted from different parts of specific plants, well known especially for their aromatic and antibacterial properties. Nowadays, EOs are exploited in the food sector mainly for their aromatic properties. Thanks to their antimicrobial activity, however, they could also be used as additives to increase the safety and the shelf-life of food products. Aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris L. oil and of Origanum vulgare L. oil against Staphylococcus aureus both in vitro and on fresh cheese, and to determine whether the use of EOs can modify the microbiological and/or chemical-physical properties of the products. The antimicrobial activity against S. aureus in vitro was assessed by preparation of the aromatogram (diffusion in agar test), minimum inhibitory concentration test and minimum bactericidal concentration assessment. Raw sheep milk was experimentally contaminated with a strain of S. aureus ATCC 25922 and was used to produce three types of fresh cheese: without EOs, with thyme and oregano EOs (both EOs at a concentration of 1:1000). The samples were analysed on the day of production, after three and seven days. The results obtained from the tests showed that the concentration of S. aureus and the counts of lactic flora remained unchanged for all types of cheese. Even the chemical-physical parameters were constant. The results of inhibition tests on the cheese disagree with those relating to the in vitro tests. Most likely this is due to the ability of EOs to disperse in the lipids the food: the higher the fat content is, the lower the oil fraction will be able to exert the antimicrobial activity.
Media Effects on Body Image: Examining Media Exposure in the Broader Context of Internal and Other Social Factors

This study attempts to examine the connection between media use and body dissatisfaction by juxtaposing the media with the internalfactor of self-esteem and other social factors such as peer and parental attitudes. A sample of 285 female undergraduates completed measures of media exposure, comparisons with media figures, self-esteem, parental and peer attitudes toward body shape, and peer comparisons, as well as internalization of the thin-ideal and body dissatisfaction measures. Overall, comparison to media figures was associated with internalization of the thin ideal butnot as strongly as peer attitudes and self-esteem. Contrastingly, peer comparisons and self-esteem were observed to be the strongest indicators of body dissatisfaction. Furthermore,social/environmental influences and self-esteem proved to be the strongest indicators of body dissatisfaction, which suggeststhat the indirect effect of media messages on body dissatisfaction is an important area for further examination.
The Banks-Zaks Expansion and "Freezing" in Perturbative QCD

The recent calculation of the four-loop beta function in QCD provides further evidence that the Banks-Zaks expansion in 16half-n_f is sufficiently well behaved to be useful even for n_f=2 light flavours. This expansion inherently predicts "freezing" of the QCD couplant at low energies as a perturbative effect. We consider the e+e- and Bjorken-sum-rule cases as examples.
Machine Translation with Significant Word Reordering and Rich Target-Side Morphology

This paper describes the integration of morpho-syntactic information in phrase-based and syntax-based Machine Translation systems. We mainly focus on translating in the hard direction which is translating from morphologically poor to morphologically richer languages and also between language pairs that have significant word order dierences. We intend to use hierarchical or surface syntactic models for languages of large vocabulary size and improve the translation quality using two-step approach (Fraser, 2009). The two-step scheme basically reduces the complexity of hypothesis construction and selection by separating the task of source-to-target reordering from the task of generating fully inflected target-side word forms. In the first step, reordering is performed on the source data to make it structurally similar to the target language and in the second step, lemmatized target words are mapped to fully inflected target words. We will first introduce the reader to the detailed architecture of the two-step translation setup and later its further proposed enhancements for dealing with the above mentioned issues. We plan to conduct experiments for two language pairs: English-Urdu and English-Czech.
Triple Generative Adversarial Nets

Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) have shown promise in image generation and semi-supervised learning (SSL). However, existing GANs in SSL have two problems: (1) the generator and the discriminator (i.e. the classifier) may not be optimal at the same time; and (2) the generator cannot control the semantics of the generated samples. The problems essentially arise from the two-player formulation, where a single discriminator shares incompatible roles of identifying fake samples and predicting labels and it only estimates the data without considering the labels. To address the problems, we present triple generative adversarial net (Triple-GAN), which consists of three players---a generator, a discriminator and a classifier. The generator and the classifier characterize the conditional distributions between images and labels, and the discriminator solely focuses on identifying fake image-label pairs. We design compatible utilities to ensure that the distributions characterized by the classifier and the generator both converge to the data distribution. Our results on various datasets demonstrate that Triple-GAN as a unified model can simultaneously (1) achieve the state-of-the-art classification results among deep generative models, and (2) disentangle the classes and styles of the input and transfer smoothly in the data space via interpolation in the latent space class-conditionally.
Molecular and cellular biology animations: development and impact on student learning.

Educators often struggle when teaching cellular and molecular processes because typically they have only two-dimensional tools to teach something that plays out in four dimensions. Learning research has demonstrated that visualizing processes in three dimensions aids learning, and animations are effective visualization tools for novice learners and aid with long-term memory retention. The World Wide Web Instructional Committee at North Dakota State University has used these research results as an inspiration to develop a suite of high-quality animations of molecular and cellular processes. Currently, these animations represent transcription, translation, bacterial gene expression, messenger RNA (mRNA) processing, mRNA splicing, protein transport into an organelle, the electron transport chain, and the use of a biological gradient to drive adenosine triphosphate synthesis. These animations are integrated with an educational module that consists of First Look and Advanced Look components that feature captioned stills from the animation representing the key steps in the processes at varying levels of complexity. These animation-based educational modules are available via the World Wide Web at http://vcell.ndsu. edu/animations. An in-class research experiment demonstrated that student retention of content material was significantly better when students received a lecture coupled with the animations and then used the animation as an individual study activity.
Iceland as a heat island

Iceland is a strong localized source of non‐eruptive volcanic warming and cooling. Temperature trend maps show that this phenomenon is localized to an area of about twice that of Iceland. With altitude the area remains constant but the phenomenon weakens and changes sign upon passing through the tropopause. The effect's magnitude implies a large positive feedback, according to a conventional climate forcing estimate. This phenomenon is unique in that it is not observed for the other major volcanic islands.
The significance of demographic factors (age, sex, preoperative physiological status) and type of surgery on patients' outcome in ICU

The incidence of postoperative death has changed little in recent years. Most deaths occur in older patients with coexisting medical diseases who undergo major surgery. The objective of our research was to investigate the significance of demographic factors (age, gender, preoperational physiological status) and type of surgery on the outcome of treatment. This study included 288 patients older than 18 years of age that were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 24 hours after a surgical procedure (both elective and emergency) between 1st January 2010 and 31st March 2011. The average age of patients included in the survey was 68 (range 19-88). APACHE II score was between 2.9 and 83.1 points, with an average value of 12.90 points. In this study, male gender (n=186) was much more common than female gender (n=102). Age of patients who died in the ICU was higher than the age of those who were discharged but it was not a statistically significant predictor of patient death. APACHE II score is associated with increased age of patients, neurosurgical operations and incidence of nosocomial infections. Patients’ age and female gender had a strong negative correlation with nosocomial infection. Actual mortality rate for patients was 21%. Ratio between actual and predicted mortality was 1.4.
The geometry of stimulus control

Many studies, both in ethology and comparative psychology, have shown that animals react to modifications of familiar stimuli. This phenomenon is often referred to as generalization. The majority of modifications lead to a decrease in responding, but to certain new stimuli an increase in responding is observed. This holds for both innate and learned behaviour. Here we propose a heuristic approach to stimulus control, or stimulus selection, with the aim of explaining these phenomena. The model has two key elements. First, we choose the receptor level as the fundamental stimulus space. Each stimulus is represented as the pattern of activation it induces in sense organs. Second, in this space we introduce a simple measure of 'similarity' between stimuli by calculating how activation patterns overlap. The main advantage in this approach is that the generalization of acquired responses emerges from a few simple principles that are grounded in the recognition of how animals actually perceive stimuli. Many traditional problems that face theories of stimulus control (e.g. the Spence-Hull theory of gradient interaction or ethological theories of stimulus summation) do not arise in the present framework. These problems include the amount of generalization along different dimensions, peak shift phenomena (with respect to both positive and negative shifts), intensity generalization and generalization after conditioning on two positive stimuli. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
A Conflict Avoidance Data Allocation Algorithm in a Multi-channel Broadcast Environment

On-deman d broadcast is an effective data dissemination approach in mobile computing. Recently, a large number of applications have been developed in broadcast systems equipped with multiple channels. In this study, we investigate the data scheduling issues arising in multi-channel on-demand broadcast . The bandwidth utilization problem, which renders a poor performance of existing algorithms , is explored and examined. To tackle the observed problem , a novel scheduling algorithm is proposed, which aims at avoiding the conflict in data allocation and therewith, improving the bandwidth utilization. Results from our simulation study demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation during Craniofacial Development

Epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype transition is a common phenomenon during embryonic development, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. This transition involves cellular changes in cytoskeleton architecture and protein expression. Specifically, this highly regulated biological event plays several important roles during craniofacial development. This review focuses on the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) during neural crest cell migration, and fusion of the secondary palate and the upper lip. Abbreviations used in this paper: BMP, bone morphogenic protein; CCFSE, 5 (and 6) carboxy 2,7′ dichlorofluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester; CNC, cranial neural crest; DiI, 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; ILK, integrin-linked kinase; LEF1, Lymphoid enhancer factor-1; MEE, medial edge epithelia; MFS, mean fusion score; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; PDK, 3-phosphoinostide-dependent protein kinase; Pax, paired box-1 to -9; PI-3 kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; Ptc, patched; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten; Shh, Sonic hedgehog; Tbx, T-box family; TGF, transforming growth factor; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase.
Overlooking Sexism: How Diversity Structures Shape Women's Perceptions of Discrimination

Overlooking Sexism: How Diversity Structures Shape Women’s Perceptions of Discrimination Laura Michelle Brady Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Cheryl Kaiser, PhD Psychology Two experiments test the hypothesis that the mere presence (vs. absence) of diversity structures makes it more difficult for women to detect sexism. In Experiment 1, women who learned that a company required diversity training for managers thought the company was more procedurally just for women and was less likely to have discriminated against a female employee compared to women who learned the company offered general non-diversity related training for managers. Experiment 2 used a similar design, but also gave women evidence that the company had indeed discriminated against women in hiring practices. Again, compared to the control condition, women who learned that the company offered diversity training believed the company was more procedurally just for women, which led them to be less supportive of sexism related litigation against the company. To the extent that diversity structures legitimize the fairness of organizations, they may also make it more difficult for members of underrepresented groups to detect and remedy discrimination.
A comparison of the visual and story frames Al Jazeera English and CNN employed during the 2011 Egyptian revolution

This study examines a month of cable news coverage of the Egyptian uprising in 2011. Specifically it examines how Al Jazeera English and CNN differ in their use of story and visual frames. The quantitative content analysis (N = 503) found significant differences between the two networks. Al Jazeera English employs more frames about Egyptian history, political strategies, public engagement, public opinion, economy and the impact on the future of the country more frequently than CNN. When examining visual frames of conflict, Al Jazeera English was more likely to employ conflict frame–not violent than CNN. CNN was more likely than Al Jazeera English to employ the conflict frame–latent violence.
Is level of knowledge, attitude and use of folic acid among pregnant women in Croatia a call for public health action?

Aim: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Croatian women regarding use of folic acid (FA) before and during pregnancy are assessed. Croatia has no current official recommendations for folic acid use for women who are planning pregnancy or are already pregnant, and there is no fortification of staple foods with FA. Methods. Sample consisted of women who delivered at the Clinical Hospital Center Petrova, and a County hospital in Poega, They were inter- viewed by trained medical technician or nurse about their knowledge, be- lieves and use of FA. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, bi- nary logistic regression and the c 2 test. Also we searched the market for availability of food supplements containing FA. Results: Among 603 women, 432 (71.7%) planned the current preg- nancy, 306 (50.7%) did not take any vitamin supplement; 170 (28.2%) took some multivitamin supplements, and only 127 (21.1%) took FA sup- plements. Of those who have taken supplements, 58 (19.5%) decided to take FA on their own, 64 (21.5%) based on recommendations from a physician and several mentioned other sources (nurse, pharmacists, family member or media). In total 287 (47.6%) did not know what FA is. Logistic regression analysis showed that planned pregnancy is the strongest positive predictor for taking FA, while smoking and number of pregnancies are negative pre- dictors. Conclusion. Awareness of FA role and its requirements before and dur- ing pregnancy is low among interviewed women. Better education for, both, women and health care professionals, as well as need for fortification of some staple food are recognized as important public health priorities in Croatia.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Car Distance, Greenhouse Gases and the Effect of Built Environment: A Latent Class Regression Analysis

This work examines the temporal–spatial variations of daily automobile distance traveled and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and their association with built environment attributes and household socio-demographics. A GHGs household inventory is determined using link-level average speeds for a large and representative sample of households in three origin–destination surveys (1998, 2003 and 2008) in Montreal, Canada. For the emission inventories, different sources of data are combined including link-level average speeds in the network, vehicle occupancy levels and fuel consumption characteristics of the vehicle fleet. Urban form indicators over time such as population density, land use mix and transit accessibility are generated for each household in each of the three waves. A latent class (LC) regression modeling framework is then implemented to investigate the association of built environment and socio-demographics with GHGs and automobile distance traveled. Among other results, it is found that population density, transit accessibility and land-use mix have small but statistically significant negative impact on GHGs and car usage. Despite that this is in accordance with past studies, the estimated elasticities are greater than those reported in the literature for North American cities. Moreover, different household subpopulations are identified in which the effect of built environment varies significantly. Also, a reduction of the average GHGs at the household level is observed over time. According to our estimates, households produced 15% and 10% more GHGs in 1998 and 2003 respectively, compared to 2008. This reduction can be associated to the improvement of the fuel economy of vehicle fleet and the decrease of motor-vehicle usage – e.g., a decrease of 4% is observed for fuel efficiency rates and 12% for distance according to the raw average estimates from 1998 with respect to 2008. A strong link is also observed between socio-demographics and the two travel outcomes. While number of workers is positively associated with car distance and GHGs, low and medium income households pollute less than high-income households.
Sexual Assault Center Advocates and Psychotherapists: An Exploratory Study of Interventions

In the following qualitative study, the researcher attempted to identify and compare the selfidentified approaches taken by Sexual Assault Center (SAC) advocates (n = 4) and outpatient psychotherapists (n = 4) in working with adult survivors of sexual violence. Using grounded theory methodology, data from semi-structured interviews were coded using an open coding process. From this, six themes emerged from the interviews with SAC advocates and ten themes emerged from the interviews with psychotherapists, suggesting approaches used when providing crisis intervention and counseling to adult survivors of sexual violence. These themes and their corresponding subthemes are discussed in this report. The study demonstrated that when providing crisis intervention and counseling to adult survivors of sexual violence, SAC advocates and psychotherapists take many of the same approaches, but that the work of SAC advocates is structured to be more short-term and to meet the immediate needs of survivors of sexual violence, whereas the work of psychotherapists tends to be more long-term and with the use of specific therapeutic treatment interventions and assessment tools. Several implications can be drawn from this study. This study informs direct practice of and referrals made by social workers, service choices made by survivors, policy surrounding the funding of SACs, and future research related to crisis intervention and counseling approaches used with survivors of sexual violence.
Appraising Risk for Intimate Partner Violence in a Police Context

This study examines the predictive accuracy of three risk assessment approaches for intimate partner violence (IPV) among a sample of 246 male perpetrators who were charged for offenses against their intimate partners. The sample was followed up for an average of 3.3 years, and any new general, violent, and IPV charges and convictions were recorded. The Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) and a modified 14-item version of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide (SARA) demonstrated large effects in their ability to predict any reoffending or any violent reoffending and moderate predictive accuracy for IPV offending behaviors. The regionally used approach, Family Violence Investigative Report (FVIR), showed good predictive validity for any future offending but poorly predicted any of the violent-specific recidivism outcomes. Results of the study show that the ODARA was significantly better at predicting violence risk over the FVIR, but paired comparisons did not reveal statistical differences with the SARA.