Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trauma Symptom Inventory

This article examines psychometric characteristics of the 100-item Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) in a sample of 370 psychiatric inpatients and psychotherapy outpatient men and women. The 10 clinical scales of the TSI had a mean α of . 87, with αs ranging from . 74 for Tension Reduction Behavior to . 90 for both Depression and Intrusive Experiences. A self-reported history of interpersonal trauma (in child- or adulthood) was associated with elevations on all TSI scales relative to those not reporting victimization. Post hoc multiple regression analyses indicated that client age, sex, inpatient versus outpatient status, childhood sexual and physical abuse, and adult sexual assault were unique predictors of various TSI raw scale scores. Sex interacted with other predictors in several instances; women with sexual- or physical-assault histories scored higher on Depression and Intrusive Experiences, and men battered in a relationship scored higher on Sexual Concerns and Dysfunctional Sexual Behavior.
Very low power circuit design: fundamentals and limits

After a few remarks on process requirements, a model of the MOS transistor adapted to analog design down to very low current is presented. The limitations and special properties of the transistor operated at low current and low voltage are discussed. The special problems and solutions encountered in very low-power circuits are illustrated by means of basic circuit techniques. <<ETX>>
SALVAGING PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH: A MANIFESTO

Recognition of the unreliability of findings in the biomedical literature, and especially pharmaceutical trials has led to a number of reforms. These include reporting preregistration of protocols for clinical trials and meta-analysis, reporting standards and making data available to others for all clinical trials, as well as recognition of the influence of conflicts of interest. These improvements are only partially and inconsistently reflected in the literature evaluating psychotherapies. The psychotherapy literature is currently of too poor quality to provide a reliable guide to clinicians, consumers, and policymakers. The literature is dominated by underpowered trials with high risk of bias producing positive effects at a statistically improbable rate. Meta-analyses that are poorly conducted with undisclosed conflicts of interest compound these problems. A number of reforms are proposed. These include accelerating adoption of those already occurring in the pharmaceutical literature. Additionally, psychotherapy research should parallel the orderly sequence of treatment development seen in the pharmaceutical literature. Phase III trials providing the effect sizes of treatments should not be conducted until the acceptability of treatment and the feasibility of accruing sufficient numbers of patients are established. The role of investigator allegiance as a potential and potent source of conflict of interest needs to be recognized. Yet, enforcement of existing standards could counter many of the deficiencies of the current literature, but such enforcement may only come with pressures emanating from outside the field of psychotherapy.
A revised conservative estimate of the incidence of FAS and its economic impact.

We have conducted a new analysis of the incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and its economic impact based on prospectively gathered data of consecutive pregnancies. This more conservative analysis reflects our concern over possible inclusion of "false positives" in our previous estimate and now puts the overall rate in the western world at 0.33 cases per 1000. The estimate among whites is 0.29 per 1000 compared with 0.48 per 1000 for blacks. We did not include estimates for native Americans owing to the absence of prospectively gathered data on FAS for this group. Retrospective studies suggest larger disparities. Both prospective and retrospective studies may be influenced by examiner bias especially for minorities since minorities are often evaluated against standards derived from whites. Based on our estimates and the number of black and white children born each year, we estimate that about 1200 children are born with FAS each year in the United States. This is a probable lower limit based on considerations of ascertainment and absence of relevant information for other minorities such as native Americans. In calculating economic costs, we have now adjusted our estimates to take into account costs that would be incurred whether cases were FAS or not, and also have now included estimated costs for anomalies in FAS cases not considered in previous estimates. Based on these considerations, we now estimate the incremented annual cost of treating this disorder at $74.6 million. About three-quarters of this economic burden is associated with care of FAS cases with mental retardation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Protective Role of Smad7 in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential

OBJECTIVE Although Smad3 has been considered as a downstream mediator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in diabetes complications, the role of Smad7 in diabetes remains largely unclear. The current study tests the hypothesis that Smad7 may play a protective role and has therapeutic potential for diabetic kidney disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Protective role of Smad7 in diabetic kidney disease was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice that have Smad7 gene knockout (KO) and in diabetic rats given Smad7 gene transfer using an ultrasound-microbubble-mediated technique. RESULTS We found that mice deficient for Smad7 developed more severe diabetic kidney injury than wild-type mice as evidenced by a significant increase in microalbuminuria, renal fibrosis (collagen I, IV, and fibronectin), and renal inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], intracellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], and macrophages). Further studies revealed that enhanced renal fibrosis and inflammation in Smad7 KO mice with diabetes were associated with increased activation of both TGF-β/Smad2/3 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. To develop a therapeutic potential for diabetic kidney disease, Smad7 gene was transferred into the kidney in diabetic rats by an ultrasound-microbubble-mediated technique. Although overexpression of renal Smad7 had no effect on levels of blood glucose, it significantly attenuated the development of microalbuminuria, TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis such as collagen I and IV and fibronectin accumulation and NF-κB/p65-driven renal inflammation including IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 expression and macrophage infiltration in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Smad7 plays a protective role in diabetic renal injury. Overexpression of Smad7 may represent a novel therapy for the diabetic kidney complication.
Minority Migrants in the Urban Community

Interesting! Toward a Phenomenology of Sociology and a Sociology of Phenomenology,&dquo; in a British journal, Philosophy of Social Science (Volume 1, pages 309-344, 1971 ). Davis asks, &dquo;How do theories which are generally considered interesting differ from theories which are generally considered noninteresting? &dquo; He answers, &dquo;Interesting theories are those which deny certain assumptions of their audience. &dquo; The article itself is an analysis of social science literature in terms of the twelve main types of propositions that deny audience assumptions.
Midlatency auditory evoked potentials and purposeful movements after thiopentone bolus injection

The effect of thiopentone on the middle latency auditory evoked potentials was investigated in 12 patients during induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone 5 mg.kg‐1. 100% oxygen was administered throughout the induction, and when the patient moved purposefully a further bolus (2 mg.kg‐1) was given, and anaesthesia continued in the normal way. The middle latency auditory evoked potentials were elicited before and during the induction. Binaural clicks (70 dB above normal hearing threshold) were presented at a rate of 9.3 per s. Averages of 1000 responses were analysed off line, and a fast Fourier transformation of the middle latency auditory evoked potentials were used to calculate the power spectrum of the averages. Awake, the patients had large peak to peak amplitudes and a normal waveform. The power spectra showed a high energy between 30‐40 Hz. After induction the latencies of waves Na, Pa, Nb and PI and the amplitudes of the waves Na/Pa, Pa/Nb, and Nb/PI were decreased or completely attenuated. Both effects lasted for 4 min. When movement occurred (after 4–6 min), the values returned to awake. The second bolus repeated the changes.
Depth Recovery from Light Field Using Focal Stack Symmetry

We describe a technique to recover depth from a light field (LF) using two proposed features of the LF focal stack. One feature is the property that non-occluding pixels exhibit symmetry along the focal depth dimension centered at the in-focus slice. The other is a data consistency measure based on analysis-by-synthesis, i.e., the difference between the synthesized focal stack given the hypothesized depth map and that from the LF. These terms are used in an iterative optimization framework to extract scene depth. Experimental results on real Lytro and Raytrix data demonstrate that our technique outperforms state-of-the-art solutions and is significantly more robust to noise and under-sampling.
Fine‐grained filtering to provide access control for data providing services within collaborative environments

A data providing service (DPS) in service‐oriented architecture is tasked only with the retrieval of data that are annotated over a domain ontology. One particular motivating application of DPSs is their use within collaborative environments. An important characteristic for the enterprises of such a collaborative environment is the ability to employ data sharing with one another. A major concern in this situation is the protection of each enterprise's privacy while still permitting data sharing. One potential solution is to provide filtered data through access control. This work describes how to implement access control through fine‐grained filtering of DPS response messages; it is accomplished using a filtering ontology and relations between the domain ontology of DPS and the proposed filtering ontology. Therefore, enterprises can write enterprise‐specific access control policies referencing a common filtering ontology defined within a collaborative environment, enabling access control‐based data sharing within the environment. This work additionally illustrates the implementation of our general solution to data providing web services, interpreted by an eXtensible Access Control Markup Language‐based access control framework. The implementation is further evaluated in a case study of real world data, provided by a health research institute in London, Canada. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Happiness in Economics as Understood Across Ism and Religion

The concept of happiness has been discussed long time ago by economists. Recently, it became the most related and important thing to be studied because of its impact in societies. Discussion about happiness basically interprets within two separate views. First, happiness related with economic variable, for instance, how money can create happiness. Second happiness is discussed within the context of religion. However, the discussion did not combine both contexts, economic variable and religion, to interpret happiness. Therefore, it is important to highlight the concept of happiness in a different way such as in this article. Different cultures will have their own perspective on the determination of happiness. From just “individual perspective” of happiness, they then formed an ism through involvement of a big society from the same culture. Some isms such as hedonism and materialism are synonyms in characterizing the concept of happiness in this modern world. At the same time, the isms are actually working with the economic and non-economic indicators as elements to strengthen the ism itself. On the other hand, the concept of happiness from the perspective of religion will also be a part of discussion in this article. Therefore, this article will reveal that the meaning of happiness is different in terms of religion and ism. So, to carry out both ism and religion simultaneously in shaping a more intrinsic value of happiness is not an easy task. Furthermore, religion is always associated with spiritual value that makes it hard for some people to practice religion and their isms at the same time. Thus, this article will propose that the right interpretation of isms based on their faith in religion can contribute to the concept of genuine happiness.
A Global Equilibrium Asset Pricing Model with Home Preference

We develop a global equilibrium asset pricing model assuming that investors suffer from foreign aversion, a preference for home assets based on familiarity. Using a utility formulation inspired by regret theory, we derive closed-form solutions. When the degree of foreign aversion is high in a given country, investors place a high valuation on domestic equity, which results in a low expected return. Thus, the model generates the simple prediction that a country's degree of home bias and the expected return of its domestic assets should be inversely related. Our predicted relation between the degree of home bias and a country's expected return has the opposite sign predicted by models that assume some form of market segmentation. Using International Monetary Fund portfolio data, we find that expected returns are negatively related to home bias. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, Teck Ho, and Terrance Odean, special issue editors.
Paramagnetic relaxation enhancements in unfolded proteins: Theory and application to drkN SH3 domain

Site‐directed spin labeling in combination with paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) measurements is one of the most promising techniques for studying unfolded proteins. Since the pioneering work of Gillespie and Shortle (J Mol Biol 1997;268:158), PRE data from unfolded proteins have been interpreted using the theory that was originally developed for rotational spin relaxation. At the same time, it can be readily recognized that the relative motion of the paramagnetic tag attached to the peptide chain and the reporter spin such as 1HN is best described as a translation. With this notion in mind, we developed a number of models for the PRE effect in unfolded proteins: (i) mutual diffusion of the two tethered spheres, (ii) mutual diffusion of the two tethered spheres subject to a harmonic potential, (iii) mutual diffusion of the two tethered spheres subject to a simulated mean‐force potential (Smoluchowski equation); (iv) explicit‐atom molecular dynamics simulation. The new models were used to predict the dependences of the PRE rates on the 1HN residue number and static magnetic field strength; the results are appreciably different from the Gillespie–Shortle model. At the same time, the Gillespie–Shortle approach is expected to be generally adequate if the goal is to reconstruct the distance distributions between 1HN spins and the paramagnetic center (provided that the characteristic correlation time is known with a reasonable accuracy). The theory has been tested by measuring the PRE rates in three spin‐labeled mutants of the drkN SH3 domain in 2M guanidinium chloride. Two modifications introduced into the measurement scheme—using a reference compound to calibrate the signals from the two samples (oxidized and reduced) and using peak volumes instead of intensities to determine the PRE rates—lead to a substantial improvement in the quality of data. The PRE data from the denatured drkN SH3 are mostly consistent with the model of moderately expanded random‐coil protein, although part of the data point toward a more compact structure (local hydrophobic cluster). At the same time, the radius of gyration reported by Choy et al. (J Mol Biol 2002;316:101) suggests that the protein is highly expanded. This seemingly contradictory evidence can be reconciled if one assumes that denatured drkN SH3 forms a conformational ensemble that is dominated by extended conformations, yet also contains compact (collapsed) species. Such behavior is apparently more complex than predicted by the model of a random‐coil protein in good solvent/poor solvent.
Size dependence of the translocation of inhaled iridium and carbon nanoparticle aggregates from the lung of rats to the blood and secondary target organs

Currently, translocation of inhaled insoluble nanoparticles (NP) across membranes like the air-blood barrier into secondary target organs (STOs) is debated. Of key interest are the involved biological mechanisms and NP parameters that determine the efficiency of translocation. We performed NP inhalation studies with rats to derive quantitative biodistribution data on the translocation of NP from lungs to blood circulation and STOs. The inhaled NP were chain aggregates (and agglomerates) of either iridium or carbon, with primary particle sizes of 2–4 nm (Ir) and 5–10 nm (C) and aggregate sizes (mean mobility diameters) between 20 and 80 nm. The carbon aggregates contained a small fraction ( < 1%) of Ir primary particles. The insoluble aggregates were radiolabeled with 192Ir. During 1 h of inhalation, rats were intubated and ventilated to avoid extrathoracic NP deposition and to optimize deep lung NP deposition. After 24 h, 192Ir fractions in the range between 0.001 and 0.01 were found in liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, and brain, and an even higher fraction (between 0.01 and 0.05) in the remaining carcass consisting of soft tissue and bone. The fractions of 192Ir carried with the carbon NP retained in STOs, the skeleton, and soft tissue were significantly lower than with NP made from pure Ir. Furthermore, there was significantly less translocation and accumulation with 80-nm than with 20-nm NP aggregates of Ir. These studies show that both NP characteristics—the material and the size of the chain-type aggregates—determine translocation and accumulation in STOs, skeleton, and soft tissue.
Children's Illness Cognition: What Mothers Think

This study examined the relationships between children's conceptions of illness etiology, treatment, and prevention and parents' estimates of their children's conceptions. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 194 children and their mothers or guardians. Responses were coded for conceptual complexity and developmental sophistication. Relative levels of illness etiology, treatment, and prevention understanding as well as agreement between mothers and their children were calculated. Three quarters of mothers were on target with their children's responses in the etiology and treatment domains while approximately 10% underestimated and 15% overestimated. Within the prevention domain, 50% of mothers were on target with the remainder split evenly between underestimation and overestimation. Mothers who underestimated their children's understanding believed them to be much less sophisticated than how on target mothers viewed their children and overestimating mothers believed their children to be more sophisticated than on target mothers (Fs>13.25; p<0.001).
Text-Speak processing

There has been a steady shift from more traditional means of communication (e.g., hand written letters) to more electronically based (e.g., text messaging) (Crystal, 2008). This shift in communication style has influenced both civilian and military occupations (Turkoski, 2009; Finomore, et al., 2010). The current study investigated whether text-speak (method for shortening words or phrases) provides semantic value. A text-speak proficiency scale was also created in order to determine if the extent of text-speak use correlates with behavioral performance. Eighty-seven university students completed a masked priming experiment coupled with an 8-item text-speak scale. The masked priming experiment yielded significant priming indicating that text-speak primes are semantically meaningful, because they facilitate responding to their word counterpart even when the prime is processed unconsciously. The 8-item scale yielded a correlation between willingness to use text speak and magnitude of priming. These findings suggest that the 8-item scale may be useful in assessing text-speak behavior and aid in a better understanding of the role of text
Organizational Commitment and its Relationship to Perceived Leadership Style in an Islamic School in a Large Urban Centre in Canada: Teachers' Perspectives

Drawing on a theoretical orientation based on the moral perspective which maintains that the relationship between the leader and the followers is not one of power, but of sharing mutual needs, aspirations and values. This empirical mixed-method study focused on understanding the professional lives of teachers, particularly their organizational commitment in relation to the principal’s leadership style, in an Islamic School located in a large urban centre in Canada. Data were gathered using (a) individual semi-structured interviews with teachers and the principal of the school, (b) adaptations of Bass and Avolio’s Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (1996), and (c) an adaptation of Meyer and Smith’s Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1993). The findings from this study suggest a high level of teachers’ overall organizational commitment existed in the study site. Furthermore, it appears that it is more appropriate to consider the affective, continuance and normative manifestations of organizational commitment as components rather than types of organizational commitment.
The social function of imitation in severe dementia

We report the case of Jessie, an individual with severe Alzheimer's disease. Over two sessions, we examine Jessie's spontaneous conversation behaviour and urge to communicate using the ‘still face’ paradigm. Spontaneous and deliberate imitation are also examined to identify their importance in social interactions in severe dementia. Although Jessie has difficulty producing meaningful conversation, she retains the urge to communicate and participate in social interactions. These results confirm the importance of imitation in facilitating and maintaining people with communication problems in the social world. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do Adolescents' Perceptions of Parental Racial Attitudes Relate to Their Intergroup Contact and Cross-Race Relationships?

A developmental intergroup framework was used to investigate adolescents' perceptions of parents' messages about cross-race relationships, including friendship and dating, and to relate these attitudes to adolescents' self-reported levels of intergroup contact. Participants (N = 347) were ninth- and twelfth-grade male and female students from the United States, of varying ethnicity. Findings indicated that intergroup contact was related to the likelihood that participants engaged in cross-race relationships. Perceptions of parent racial attitudes were related to the degree of intimacy participants experienced in these relationships. In addition, adolescents reported that parents evaluated the types of cross-race relationships differently, and their messages were significantly related to adolescents' decisions regarding cross-race friendships and dating.