Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endotracheal gentamicin in bronchial infections in patients with tracheostomy.

Tracheotomized patients, with severe underlying illnesses and serious tracheobronchial infections due to gram-negative bacilli were treated at random with intramuscularly or endotracheally administered gentamicin (240 mg daily). Clinical improvement occurred in all seven patients treated by the endotracheal route and in two out of eight who received gentamicin intramuscularly. No gentamicin (less than 0.5 μg/ ml) was detected in the respiratory secretions after intramuscular administration, while endotracheal injection resulted in measurable levels in all seven patients; five of them had more than 20 μg/ ml of gentamicin in the respiratory secretions.
Phosphoregulation of an Inner Dynein Arm Complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is Altered in Phototactic Mutant Strains

To gain a further understanding of axonemal dynein regulation, mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that had defects in both phototactic behavior and flagellar motility were identified and characterized. ptm1, ptm2, and ptm3 mutant strains exhibited motility phenotypes that resembled those of known inner dynein arm region mutant strains, but did not have biochemical or genetic phenotypes characteristic of other inner dynein arm mutations. Three other mutant strains had defects in the f class of inner dynein arms. Dynein extracts from the pf9-4 strain were missing the entire f complex. Strains with mutations in pf9/ida1, ida2, or ida3 failed to assemble the f dynein complex and did not exhibit phototactic behavior. Fractionated dynein from mia1-1 and mia2-1 axonemes exhibited a novel f class inner dynein arm biochemical phenotype; the 138-kD f intermediate chain was present in altered phosphorylation forms. In vitro axonemal dynein activity was reduced by the mia1-1 and mia2-1 mutations. The addition of kinase inhibitor restored axonemal dynein activity concomitant with the dephosphorylation of the 138-kD f intermediate chain. Dynein extracts from uni1-1 axonemes, which specifically assemble only one of the two flagella, contained relatively high levels of the altered phosphorylation forms of the 138-kD intermediate chain. We suggest that the f dynein complex may be phosphoregulated asymmetrically between the two flagella to achieve phototactic turning.
G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and polarized actin dynamics drive cell-in-cell invasion

Homotypic or entotic cell-in-cell invasion is an integrin-independent process observed in carcinoma cells exposed during conditions of low adhesion such as in exudates of malignant disease. Although active cell-in-cell invasion depends on RhoA and actin, the precise mechanism as well as the underlying actin structures and assembly factors driving the process are unknown. Furthermore, whether specific cell surface receptors trigger entotic invasion in a signal-dependent fashion has not been investigated. In this study, we identify the G-protein-coupled LPA receptor 2 (LPAR2) as a signal transducer specifically required for the actively invading cell during entosis. We find that G12/13 and PDZ-RhoGEF are required for entotic invasion, which is driven by blebbing and a uropod-like actin structure at the rear of the invading cell. Finally, we provide evidence for an involvement of the RhoA-regulated formin Dia1 for entosis downstream of LPAR2. Thus, we delineate a signaling process that regulates actin dynamics during cell-in-cell invasion. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.02786. 001
Resveratrol ameliorates experimental autoimmune myocarditis.

BACKGROUND Myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis of rats is a model of human dilated cardiomyopathy. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in grapes and wine that is reported to have cardioprotective and immunomodulatory effects. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the effect of resveratrol on myocarditis, vehicle or resveratrol (50 mg/kg per day) was administered to cardiac myosin immunized rats 1 day before the immunization. At 14 days after immunization, resveratrol had preserved cardiac function of myosin-immunized rats according to echocardiographic analysis. The heart weight/tibial length ratio of vehicle-treated myosin-immunized rats was increased by 1.8-fold compared with unimmunized rats, and resveratrol attenuated the heart weight increase. Resveratrol significantly decreased cellular infiltration, fibrosis, and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the myocardium. Expressions of antioxidant genes were increased in myosin-immunized hearts, and resveratrol decreased those expressions. Resveratrol also attenuated myocarditis 21 days after immunization. SIRT1, a potential effector of resveratrol, was increased in the myocardium of myosin-immunized rats compared with unimmunized rats. The SIRT1 protein was localized mainly in infiltrating mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol significantly ameliorated myocardial injury and preserved cardiac function in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis. Resveratrol may be a therapeutic modality for myocarditis.
Word and sub-word indexing approaches for reducing the effects of OOV queries on spoken audio

We explore the problem of out of vocabulary (OOV) queries in audio indexing systems by comparing three indexing methods on a broadcast news repository containing 75 hours of audio. Our systems are word-based, phoneme-based and a novel system based on syllable-like units called particles. To better examine the performance of these three approaches we use a query set where the percentage of OOVs has been artificially increased to 50%. We additionally investigate whether the combination of the three indexing techniques can yield improvements in retrieval. We explore several simple combination strategies such as weighted combinations. We find that combining word and sub-word based systems results in improved retrieval performance.
Application of Floating Point DSP and FPGA in Integration Navigation System

Strapdown inertial system is huge computation amount, high real-time speed, large-scale dynamic variable, high-precision operation, we need high-function device. These years, the using of combined DSP & FPGA applied widely in digital signal process really time. In this paper, combined our real work, An IFOG Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) based on floating point DSP TMS320C6713 combined FPGA EP1K100 is introduced, the system scheme is described in detail. This system has good real-time performance and high accuracy. This thesis comes from an Institute of the General Staff. The IFOG SINS which based on floating point DSP TMS320C6713 combined FPGA is the kernel of this system. The research of this job is just starting in china.
N ov 2 00 2 A simple quantum heat engine

A simple urn model is presented that may describe heat engines employing as working agents spin2 particles (e.g., electrons) or twolevel atoms. In this model the cold reservoir is an urn located at altitude ǫc that contains N balls of total weight nc. Likewise, the hot reservoir at altitude ǫh contains N balls of total weight nh. A cycle consists of exchanging two randomly selected balls between the reservoirs. Elementary considerations show that the heat-engine efficiency (ratio of the average work performed divided by the average hot-reservoir energy consumption) is η = 1 − ǫc/ǫh. The case where the two reservoirs have negative temperatures is symmetrical to the case where the two reservoirs have positive temperatures in the sense that heat engines become heat pumps and conversely. When the cold reservoir has positive temperature while the hot reservoir has negative temperature the maximum efficiency is unity. When many cold and hot sub-reservoirs (of the same temperature signs) are employed the Carnot efficiency may be reached. For some parameter values the work performed does not fluctuate from cycle to cycle. Mas Liron, F30440 Saint Martial, France Centre d’Électronique et de Micro-optoélectronique de Montpellier, Unité Mixte de Recherche n5507 au CNRS, Université Montpellier II, F34095 Montpellier, France Département de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées, Université Paul Valéry, F34199 Montpellier, France. Also with LIRMM, 161 rue Ada, F34392 Montpellier, France
Is Native-like Competence Possible in L2 Acquisition?

The question of ultimate attainment in second language acquisition has received considerable attention in the last two decades (see Birdsong 1999). This study investigates whether native speakers and non-native speakers differ in their degree of ultimate attainment, by looking at the acquisition of the aspectual interpretive properties of the Preterite and Imperfect past tenses in Spanish. While an important body of research has investigated the emergence and development of tense/aspect morphology at initial stages of L2 development (see Bardovi-Harlig (1999) for an overview of recent research), very little is known about its ultimate attainment. Because this area of grammatical knowledge is quite complex and subtle, and not easily inducted from input, it represents an ideal testing case of near-native competence. Indeed, anecdotal accounts from a variety of L2 learners learning Romance languages suggests that the perfective/imperfective grammatical contrast is perhaps one of the most difficult areas of grammar to master. Seliger (1978) even claimed that tense and aspect, together with the distribution of some prepositions and articles tend to fossilize universally. Coppieters (1987), who tested knowledge of the Imparfait/Passé Composé distinction by French near-native speakers (among other structures), also concluded that native-like competence in the tense/aspect domain is not possible, and that this area of the grammar, which he assumed was not part of Universal Grammar, was subject to a critical period. Birdsong (1992) replicated Coppieters' study with other French near-native speakers by making methodological improvements, and contrary to Coppieters, found that many near-natives performed like native speakers. However, Birdsong did not test the perfective/imperfective aspectual contrast. In this article we question Coppieters's and many others' claims on ultimate attainment. Starting from the premise that tense/aspect is part of Universal Grammar, we follow recent developments in theories of inflection and aspectual phenomena within a generative perspective (Giorgi & Pianesi, 1997), according to which grammatical aspect is instantiated in the functional category AspectP, situated between VP and TP in the clause structure, where the formal features [± perfective] are checked. This approach allows us to formulate precise research questions and hypotheses in the context of recent developments in linguistic theory and theories of impairment in L2 acquisition, such as the Failed Functional Features Hypothesis (FFFH) of Hawkins & Chan (1997). This hypothesis states that there is a critical period for the selection of parameterized formal features, but principles of UG remain available; formal features not
A study on the position and etiology of infection in cirrhotic patients: A potential precipitating factor contributing to hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe and high-mortality complication in cirrhotic patients. In this study, we analyzed infection, one of the common precipitating factors of HE in patients with cirrhosis, in order to identify common infection sites and the etiology. In addition, we aimed to identify information useful in the early prevention and effective treatment of HE. Ninety-two patients presenting with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis with HE (HBC-HE) and 45 patients presenting with alcoholic cirrhosis with HE (ALD-HE) were enrolled in this study. We collected and analyzed data concerning the precipitating factors of HE using blood tests, biochemical detection and bacterial culture to identify which precipitating factor was the most common. Fifty-three patients with HE (37 with HBC-HE and 16 with HBC-HE) had infection as the precipitating factor. These infections included respiratory tract infection (56.6%), intestinal tract infection (20.7%), peritoneal infection (17.0%) and urinary tract infection (5.7%). The white blood cell (WBC) counts increased in 17 cases (32.1%) and neutrophil (NEUT) numbers increased in 39 cases (73.6%), while WBC counts were lower in the patients with respiratory tract infection compared with those in the patients with infections at other sites (P<0.05). The levels of plasma ammonia were significantly higher in patients with intestinal tract infection than in those with other sites of infection (P<0.05). The proportions of patients with hyperammonemia, increased NEUT numbers, hyponatremia and low albumin were higher in the infection group compared with those in the non-infection group (P<0.05). Pneumococci and E. coli were common bacteria that induced infection in the respiratory tract and at other infection sites, respectively. Respiratory tract infection was identified to be the most common precipitating factor for HE.
The behavioural foundations of urban and regional development: culture, psychology and agency

Urban and regional development theory is largely rooted in explanations based on the location, agglomeration and organisation of firms, industries and capital. Contemporary economic geography theory, however, is moving towards a (re)turn to addressing the role of human behaviour in determining urban and regional development outcomes. This article focuses on the concepts of culture, personality psychology and agency in order to understand how these behavioural factors interact and result in development differentials across cities and regions. It is proposed that psychocultural behavioural patterns provide a basis for understanding the type and nature of human agency within cities and regions. Furthermore, it is argued that such agency is based on a rationality that is spatially bounded, and intrinsically linked to the nature, source and evolution of institutions and power. It is concluded that the integration of human behavioural aspects into urban and regional development theory offers significant potential for exploring and explaining long-term evolutionary patterns of development.
Gender and mobile payment system adoption among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria

This study examines the relationship between gender and the factors that determine the adoption of mobile payment system among the students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The researchers focused especially on examining how the influence of the predicting variables differs by gender of the users.Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used with two additional variables to form the conceptual model which comprises of perceived usefulness 9PU) perceived ease of use (PEOU) perceived compatibility (PC) and social norm (SN. Survey research method was used which involved the students of Bayero University of Science Kano 9BUK), North-West University, and Kano university of Science and Technology (KUST) Wudil, Kano, Nigeria. Of the 400 questionnaire distributed, 214 valid questionnaire were used. Our findings reveal that PEOU, PU and SN influence the behavioral intention to adapt mobile payment system among the students. The findings from the independent t-test also revealed that the influence of PEOU and SN differs among the gender of the students, with male students having higher perceived ease use (PEOU) over their female counterpart, while social norm (SN) influence female students more than their counterpart in adopting mobile payment. However, no significant difference was found in the general adoption of the mobile payment system among gender. The implications for both practitioners and academia as well as recommendations for future studies were also discussed
Efficient multicast tree algorithm for ad hoc networks

We propose an efficient heuristic algorithm for multicast tree construction in ad hoc networks. The objective is to connect a source node to a set of destination nodes with a sequence of transmissions so that the number of transmissions is minimized. The algorithm utilizes shortest path information, which can be obtained from unicast routing tables for fully distributed implementation. In addition to multicast routing, the algorithm is applicable to stateless multicast forwarding for small multicast groups.
What is a Prime Bank? A Euribor – OIS Spread Perspective

Since the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2007, the level and volatility of the Euribor–OIS spreads have increased significantly. According to the literature, this variability is mainly explained by credit and liquidity risk premia. I provide evidence that part of the variability might also be explained by ambiguity in the phrasing of the Euribor survey. The participants in the survey are asked at what rate they believe interbank funds are exchanged between prime banks; given the lack of a clear definition of a prime bank, this question might leave room for subjective judgment. In particular, I find evidence that some of the variability of the Euribor rates might be explained by changes in the survey participants' perception of what a prime bank is. This evidence adds to the difficulties already encountered by previous studies in identifying and measuring exactly the determinants of the Euribor rates. I argue that these difficulties are at odds with the clarity, simplicity and replicability that should be required of a widely used financial benchmark.
Voluntary Motor Output Is Altered by Spike-Timing-Dependent Changes in the Human Corticospinal Pathway

Repeated pairs of timed presynaptic and postsynaptic potentials cause lasting changes in efficacy of transmission at many synapses. The corticospinal tract is the major pathway controlling voluntary movement in humans, and corticospinal neurons have monosynaptic connections to motoneurons of many muscles. We hypothesized that corticospinal transmission in humans could be altered by delivering, to the corticospinal–motoneuronal synapses, timed pairs of presynaptic volleys (produced by cortical stimulation) and antidromic postsynaptic volleys (by peripheral nerve stimulation). To test corticospinal transmission, electrical cervicomedullary stimuli evoked motor responses [cervicomedullary motor-evoked potentials (CMEPs)] in biceps brachii before and for 1 h after conditioning with 50 paired cortical and peripheral nerve stimuli. Seven interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of conditioning stimulus pairs were tested on different days. With one ISI (+3 ms; cortical before peripheral nerve stimulation), CMEPs were significantly increased in size by 33 ± 30% (mean ± SD; n = 7) from 4 until 32 min after conditioning. With two other ISIs (−13 ms, +22 ms), CMEPs were decreased from ∼30 until 60 min after conditioning (by 25 ± 23% and 27 ± 32%; n = 8). The remaining ISIs produced no changes. In a second study, subjects performed weak bilateral voluntary elbow flexion contractions before and after conditioning of the right elbow flexors. Conditioning ISIs that increased or decreased CMEPs similarly increased or decreased voluntary force and EMG on the right. Thus, depending on their timing, repeated paired stimuli can potentiate or depress corticospinal transmission, and these changes are functionally relevant. We suggest that bidirectional spike-timing-dependent plasticity can be induced at corticospinal–motoneuronal synapses and can influence voluntary motor output.
The Positive and Negative Valence of Gender in Traditional and Non-Traditional Career Choices

Women and men tend to be differentially represented in many careers, in spite of reductions in structural barriers to the advancement of women and in overt sexism. Women are often overrepresented in traditionally feminine careers. Careers populated mainly by women also tend to be lower in pay and prestige. The present study continued an exploration of various gender-related barriers to more equal representation of women and men in careers. Specifically, perceptions of the femininity and masculinity of the RIASEC types (Holland, 1959; 1997) and positive/negative ratings of the RIASEC types were examined. In addition, covariates representing sexism and conservatism (right-wing authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism) were included to determine their impact. Participants were 509 university students who completed questionnaires and a sorting activity in which they assigned feminine and masculine traits from the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1981), the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence & Helmreich, 1978), and the Positive-Negative Sex Role Inventory (Berger & Krahé, 2013) to occupational descriptions representing the RIASEC types. Participants also rated their attitudes to traits assigned to descriptions. MANOVA and MANCOVA were used and gender and condition were found to have significant effects on the perceptions of the RIASEC types, while only gender was found to have a significant effect on positive/negative ratings of the RIASEC types. The sexism and conservatism covariates were found to have significant effects with both perceptions of and attitudes toward the RIASEC types. These results are discussed in light of other research and implications for further research and career counseling.
Causes of Stress among Pre-school Educators in the East London Education District

Abstract This paper investigates the causes of stress among pre-school educators. A survey research design was employed. While 133 pre-school educators were randomly selected. Data was obtained using the Teacher Work Stimulated Stress Questionnaire (TWSSQ). The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that the major causes of stress include teaching pupils without enough support as well as too many duties and responsibilities for the teachers. Results also suggest that teaching pupils who do not seem motivated, feeling of constant pressure of being accountable, pupils’ indiscipline, doing schoolwork at home and little time to relax were among the major stressors affecting preschool educators. The study concludes that the causes of stress are too alarming that urgent attention is essential to reduce the effect of stress that appear to impact the psychosocial wellbeing of the educators teachers. Some recommendations have been made.