Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Business Tasks and Commitments from Email and Chat Conversations

Case management applications and, more generally, people-centric processes involve the definition, resolution and communication of commitments for tasks over channels such as chat and email. Identifying and tracking tasks and commitments can help in streamlining the collaborative work in business environments. However, doing so proves challenging due to the syntactical, grammatical, and structural incompleteness of human conversations over chat and email channels. We present a novel approach to automatically identify tasks and commitment creation, delegation, completion, and cancellation in email and chat conversations, based on techniques from natural language processing and machine learning domains. We discover tasks and related parameters from the text of conversations, identify when a commitment to a task emerges and find the state changes of a commitment based features extracted from the text of the conversations. We have developed a prototype and evaluated our approach using real-world chat and email datasets. Our experiments shows high precision for create class i.e., 90% in emails (Enron email corpus) and 80% in a real-world chat dataset and also provides promising results for discharge, delegate, and cancel classes.
Individual Investors and Volatility

We test the hypothesis that individual investors contribute to the idiosyncratic volatility of stock returns because they act as noise traders. To this end, we consider a reform that makes short selling or buying on margin more expensive for retail investors relative to institutions, for a subset of French stocks. If retail investors are noise traders, theory implies that the volatility of stocks affected by the reform should decrease relative to other stocks. This prediction is borne out by the data. Moreover, around the reform, we observe a significant decrease in (i) the magnitude of returns reversals, and (ii) the Amihud ratio for the stocks a¤ected by the reform relative to other stocks. We show that these findings are also consistent with models in which individual investors, acting as noise traders, are a source of volatility. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Autorregulação da aprendizagem e a procrastinação acadêmica em estudantes universitários

Todo estudante e capaz de autorregular sua aprendizagem, ou seja, monitorar, regular e controlar sua cognicao, motivacao e comportamento tendo em vista seus objetivos. Contudo, alguns procrastinam tarefas academicas, podendo prejudicar a aprendizagem e o desempenho. A procrastinacao se caracteriza pelo adiamento nao estrategico de acoes, decorrente da disfuncionalidade no processo de autorregulacao. O presente estudo objetivou descrever e analisar a relacao entre a autorregulacao da aprendizagem e a procrastinacao academica de universitarios. Participaram 663 estudantes, entre 18 e 56 anos, que consentiram responder ao Inventario de Autorregulacao da Aprendizagem e a Escala de Procrastinacao Academica. O conjunto de resultados indicou que os universitarios da amostra autorregulam a aprendizagem entre algumas e muitas vezes, bem como, apresentam indices de procrastinacao entre poucas a algumas vezes. Alem disso, houve correlacao negativa e significante entre a procrastinacao academica e a autorregulacao da aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Procrastinacao; Aprendizagem Autorregulada; Ensino Superior; Psicologia Educacional Self-regulation of learning and academic procrastination in college students Abstract Students areable to self-regulate their learning, in the other words, monitor, regulate and control their cognition, motivation and behavior oriented by their learning goals. However, some students procrastinate their academic tasks, this way affecting their learning and academic achievement. Academic procrastination has been characterized by the postponement of non-strategic actions, resulting from dysfunction in the process of self-regulation. The current study aimed at analyzing the relations between self-regulation learning and academic procrastination. The sample was comprised by 663 students, between 18 and 56 years, who agreed to participate. The results show that students can self-regulate their learning from a few to many times, and also had rates of procrastination from a few to several times. There was found a negative and significant correlation between academic procrastination and self-regulation learning. Key words: Procrastination; Higher Education; Educational Psychology.
The pain visual analog scale: is it linear or nonlinear?

UNLABELLED The visual analog scale (VAS) is a tool widely used to measure pain, yet controversy surrounds whether the VAS score is ratio or ordinal data. We studied 52 postoperative patients and measured their pain intensity using the VAS. We then asked them to consider different amounts of pain (conceptually twice as much and then half as much) and asked them to repeat their VAS rating after each consideration (VAS2 and VAS3, respectively). Patients with unrelieved pain had their pain treated with IV fentanyl and were then asked to rate their pain intensity when they considered they had half as much pain. We compared the baseline VAS (VAS1) with VAS2 and VAS3. The mean (95% confidence interval) for VAS2:1 was 2.12 (1.81-2.43) and VAS3:1 was 0.45 (0.38-0.52). We conclude that the VAS is linear for mild-to-moderate pain, and the VAS score can be treated as ratio data. IMPLICATIONS A change in the visual analog scale score represents a relative change in the magnitude of pain sensation. Use of the VAS in comparative analgesic trials can now meaningfully quantify differences in potency and efficacy.
Educational intervention on breast cancer early detection: effectiveness among target group women in the district of Gampaha, Sri Lanka.

PURPOSE The present study concerns the effectiveness of an educational intervention for improving knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of breast cancer early detection among target group women (TGW) in the district of Gampaha, Sri Lanka. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a community-based intervention. Two medical officer of health areas in Gampaha district were selected using random sampling as intervention (IA) and control (CA). Public health midwives (PHMs) in the IA were exposed to the educational intervention first, conducted the same among the TGW through PHMs. KAP was assessed using an interviewer- administrated questionnaire among 260 TGW from each area selected using cluster sampling before and six months after the intervention. RESULTS The overall median scores for KAP among TGW in IG increased significantly from pre intervention level of 54% (IQR: 46-59%), 50% (IQR: 41-59%), and 0% (IQR: 0-20%) to post intervention level of 77% (IQR: 72-82%), 68% (IQR: 59- 76 %) and 40% (IQR: 20-60%) respectively. In CG, overall median scores for KAP remained almost the same at pre intervention 54% (IQR:44-59%), 50% (IQR:36-59%) and 0% (IQR: 0-20%) and post intervention 54% (IQR:46-59%), 50% (IQR:36-64%) and 0% (IQR: 0-20%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS The educational intervention was found to be effective.
Genes on chromosomes 1 and 13 have significant effects on Ascaris infection

Nematode parasites show a characteristic aggregated distribution among hosts. This observation has important implications for pathogenesis, immunology, and control of these infections, but the relative roles of environment and genetics in determining these patterns have remained uncertain. This paper presents the results of the first genome scan for susceptibility to infection with roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides). Data on 375 genetic markers were generated for each of 444 members of a genetically isolated Nepalese population, the Jirels. Ascaris worm burden as assessed by egg counts was measured in these same individuals by using the Kato Katz thick smear method. The extensive genealogical data available for the population allowed assignment of all 444 individuals to a single pedigree that contained 6,209 pairs of relatives that were informative for genetic analysis. A variance components linkage analysis resulted in the unequivocal localization of two genes (one on chromosome 1 and another on chromosome 13) with clear, significant effects on susceptibility to Ascaris infection. This is the first evidence that individual quantitative trait loci influence variation in Ascaris burden in humans.
Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation

Sleep deprivation is associated with considerable social, financial, and health-related costs, in large measure because it produces impaired cognitive performance due to increasing sleep propensity and instability of waking neurobehavioral functions. Cognitive functions particularly affected by sleep loss include psychomotor and cognitive speed, vigilant and executive attention, working memory, and higher cognitive abilities. Chronic sleep-restriction experiments--which model the kind of sleep loss experienced by many individuals with sleep fragmentation and premature sleep curtailment due to disorders and lifestyle--demonstrate that cognitive deficits accumulate to severe levels over time without full awareness by the affected individual. Functional neuroimaging has revealed that frequent and progressively longer cognitive lapses, which are a hallmark of sleep deprivation, involve distributed changes in brain regions including frontal and parietal control areas, secondary sensory processing areas, and thalamic areas. There are robust differences among individuals in the degree of their cognitive vulnerability to sleep loss that may involve differences in prefrontal and parietal cortices, and that may have a basis in genes regulating sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythms. Thus, cognitive deficits believed to be a function of the severity of clinical sleep disturbance may be a product of genetic alleles associated with differential cognitive vulnerability to sleep loss.
The relationship between physical activity and on-task behavior in early primary school students

OF DISSERTATION THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ON-TASK BEHAVIOR IN EARLY PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS The relationship between students’ physical activity (PA) and on-task behavior in the classroom setting was examined. Given that students spend nearly half of their waking hours in school, researchers have suggested that the school environment could play a crucial role in increasing children’s PA. Physical activity of 157 firstand second-grade students was assessed using ActiGraph (GT1M) accelerometers during school hours. Momentary time sampling (MTS) tracked the on-task behaviors of 72 of the 157 participants every 30 seconds. Multiple linear regressions and paired sample t tests were run to measure students’ classroom PA steps, PA intensity levels in the classroom, and ontask behaviors. Results indicated weak, yet significant, inverse correlations between students’ PA steps, PA intensity levels, and on-task behaviors (R =.40, R = .16, p = .01). On-task behaviors and steps taken in the classroom before recess indicate a significant inverse relationship (R = -.18, R = .03), indicating the pre-recess classroom steps account for 3% of the variance in on-task behavior. Steps taken in the classroom indicate a significant inverse relationship (R = -.20, R = .04) with on-task behavior. The results from the linear regression analysis after recess indicate that the post-recess steps can account for approximately 4% of the variance of the on-task behavior. These overall results suggest that greater PA levels in the classroom setting were associated with less on-task behavior. Results from the t test indicate a significant (t(143) = -4.32, p < . 001) increase in on-task behavior (3%) after recess. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that 84% of the variance in on-task behavior is accounted for by non-PA suggesting that other variables may affect students’ on-task behaviors in the classroom setting.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Is a Common Symptom in Fabry Disease

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficient activity of the enzyme α-galactosidase A, resulting in a vasculopathic involvement of various organ systems, e.g. cerebral structures. Marked cerebral vasculopathy with subsequent white matter lesions (WML) are a frequent finding in FD patients. Recent studies discussed an association between cerebral white matter changes and sleep-related disturbances of breathing, which may lead to excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). A 56-year-old Caucasian female FD patient with EDS was admitted to our sleep laboratory. Overnight polysomnography showed a Cheyne-Stokes respiration pattern with significant O2 desaturation. MR imaging revealed confluent WML including the brain stem, but no renal or cardiac involvement. We then evaluated the clinical data of 49 genetically proven FD patients (27 males; mean age 43 years) from our FD centre. With a frequency of 68%, EDS exceeds the prevalence of other common symptoms of FD (angiokeratomas 61%; acroparaesthesia 51%; renal involvement 29%; cardiac involvement 27%), and the prevalence of chronic fatigue (48%). EDS was independently associated with the physical component summary of the SF-36 data (corrected R2 =–0.323, p < 0.001). EDS and age explained a quarter of variance in mental component summary (corrected R2 = –0.253, p < 0.001). We conclude that EDS is a common and underdiagnosed symptom in FD patients, accompanied by a significant impact on quality of life. EDS might be caused by central breathing disorders due to an affection of brain regions associated with respiratory control in FD.
The RACK1 Signaling Scaffold Protein Selectively Interacts with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence Function

Many Gram-negative bacteria use type III secretion systems to translocate effector proteins into host cells. These effectors interfere with cellular functions in a highly regulated manner resulting in effects that are beneficial for the bacteria. The pathogen Yersinia can resist phagocytosis by eukaryotic cells by translocating Yop effectors into the target cell cytoplasm. This is called antiphagocytosis, and constitutes an important virulence feature of this pathogen since it allows survival in immune cell rich lymphoid organs. We show here that the virulence protein YopK has a role in orchestrating effector translocation necessary for productive antiphagocytosis. We present data showing that YopK influences Yop effector translocation by modulating the ratio of the pore-forming proteins YopB and YopD in the target cell membrane. Further, we show that YopK that can interact with the translocators, is exposed inside target cells and binds to the eukaryotic signaling protein RACK1. This protein is engaged upon Y. pseudotuberculosis-mediated β1-integrin activation and localizes to phagocytic cups. Cells with downregulated RACK1 levels are protected from antiphagocytosis. This resistance is not due to altered levels of translocated antiphagocytic effectors, and cells with reduced levels of RACK1 are still sensitive to the later occurring cytotoxic effect caused by the Yop effectors. Further, a yopK mutant unable to bind RACK1 shows an avirulent phenotype during mouse infection, suggesting that RACK1 targeting by YopK is a requirement for virulence. Together, our data imply that the local event of Yersinia-mediated antiphagocytosis involves a step where YopK, by binding RACK1, ensures an immediate specific spatial delivery of antiphagocytic effectors leading to productive inhibition of phagocytosis.
clinical and haemodynamic impact . ( Eisenmenger physiology ) : safety , tolerability , related to congenital heart disease patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension Long-term effects of bosentan therapy in adult

The Corresponding Author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors and does grant on behalf of all authors, an exclusive licence (or non exclusive for government employees) on a worldwide basis to the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and its Licensees to permit this article to be published in HEART editions and any other BMJPGL products to exploit all subsidiary rights, as set out in our licence (http://heart.bmjjournals.com/ifora/licence.pdf).
Learner Suggestions on Improving the Subject ‘Life Orientation’ with Specific Reference to Career Guidance: A South African Case Study

This paper reports on grade 10 learner suggestions on measures that can be taken to improve the subject Life Orientation with specific reference to career guidance. The sample consisted out of 390 learners from the central Free State region of South Africa, the Mangaung area. The majority of the respondents were Afrikaans-speaking females from middle income households. Data was gathered by means of open-ended questions were respondents had to elaborate using narratives. A qualitative thematic discourse analysis was used in data analysis underpinned by the Systems Theory Framework. Three distinct themes emerged namely Intrapersonal, Societal and Environmental-societal Systems suggestions. Broad sub-themes were identified with reference to the second mentioned namely improved linkage between subject and career choices, enhanced focus on careers in class and extension of information to a greater variety of careers. It is suggested that these suggestions be used as a point of departure to facilitate discussions between communities of practice and communities of learners. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n1s1p11
Determinants of leptin gene expression in fat depots of lean mice.

The relationship of leptin gene expression to adipocyte volume was investigated in lean 10-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice. mRNA levels for leptin, insulin receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in inguinal, epididymal, and retroperitoneal adipose tissues were quantified and related to adipocyte volume. Leptin mRNA levels were highly correlated with adipocyte volume within each fat depot. Multiple regression analysis of pooled data from the three depots showed that leptin mRNA levels were strongly correlated with adipocyte volumes (beta = 0.84, P < 0.001) and, to a smaller degree, with glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels (beta = 0.36, P < 0.001). Depot of origin had no effect (P > 0.9). Rates of leptin secretion in vitro were strongly correlated with leptin mRNA levels (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). mRNA levels for TNF-alpha, insulin receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor showed no significant correlation with adipocyte volume. These results demonstrate that depot-specific differences in leptin gene expression are mainly related to the volumes of the constituent adipocytes. The strong correlation between leptin gene expression and adipocyte volume supports leptin's physiological role as a humoral signal of fat mass.
Influence of increased abdominal pressure on steady-state cardiac performance.

The effect of steady-state increases in abdominal pressure (Pab) on cardiac performance was studied in seven acutely instrumented swine with pneumoperitoneum (PP). The animal was placed on volume-preset ventilation, and PP was created by air insufflation. Cardiac output (CO), right atrial (Pra), left atrial (Pla), pericardial (Ppe), and abdominal inferior vena cava pressures (Pivc) were measured while Pab was increased from baseline to 7.5, 15, and 30 mmHg (PP7.5, PP15, and PP30, respectively). Cardiac function curves of the right and left ventricle (RV and LV, respectively) were compared between baseline and PP30. CO presented biphasic changes, with an inital slight increase at PP7.5 followed by a fall at PP30. A significant discrepancy was observed between Pra and Pivc at PP15 and PP30, consistent with development of a "vascular waterfall. " Transmural Pla (Pla - Ppe) showed parallel changes with CO, whereas transmural Pra (Pra - Ppe) exhibited a sustained increase. The RV cardiac-function curve was more depressed than was that of the LV at PP30; this suggests an increased RV afterload produced by the elevated airway pressure. These results support the hypothesis that our previously proposed concept of abdominal vascular zone conditions (M. Takata, R. A. Wise, and J. L. Robotham. J. Appl. Physiol. 69: 1961-1972, 1990) is also applicable to steady-state hemodynamic analyses. The abdominal zones appear to play an important role in determining CO, with increases in Pab, by modulating systemic venous return and the LV preload. Simultaneous measurements of Pra and Pivc may provide useful information in the hemodynamic care of patients with elevated Pab.
Potential of the mite-pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana (Entomophthorales: Neozygitaceae) for control of the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract The cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar), is an exotic pest in Africa and is the target of a classical biological control programme. Field data from the Neotropics, where it is indigenous, are presented for the first time, charting the variation in abundance of M. tanajoa over several seasons. This was highly variable, with a characteristic trough mid-year and a peak at the turn of the year. This pattern corresponded positively with rainfall levels, appearing to fit a phenology also characteristic of African studies, where rainfall at the start of the wet season promotes a leaf flush and so growth in M. tanajoa populations. Analyses implied some impact of leaf-inhabiting predatory mites (predominantly Neoseiulus idaeusDenmark & Muma) and a considerable impact of the fungal pathogen Neozygites floridana Fisher on M. tanajoa populations. This pathogen was not observed in the host population for several (generally dry) periods implying survival outside the host, perhaps as resting spores. This is a particularly desirable characteristic of a biological control agent. It is therefore proposed that N. floridanamight be of particular use in drier cassava-growing areas where rainfall at the outset of the wet season is not sufficiently intense to cause heavy M. tanajoa mortality but may be sufficient to stimulate epizootics of the fungal pathogen, protecting the flush of new cassava growth.
GPUvm: Why Not Virtualizing GPUs at the Hypervisor?

Graphics processing units (GPUs) provide orders-of-magnitude speedup for compute-intensive data-parallel applications. However, enterprise and cloud computing domains, where resource isolation of multiple clients is required, have poor access to GPU technology. This is due to lack of operating system (OS) support for virtualizing GPUs in a reliable manner. To make GPUs more mature system citizens, we present an open architecture of GPU virtualization with a particular emphasis on the Xen hypervisor. We provide design and implementation of full- and para-virtualization, including optimization techniques to reduce overhead of GPU virtualization. Our detailed experiments using a relevant commodity GPU show that the optimized performance of GPU para-virtualization is yet two or three times slower than that of pass-through and native approaches, whereas full-virtualization exhibits a different scale of overhead due to increased memory-mapped I/O operations. We also demonstrate that coarse-grained fairness on GPU resources among multiple virtual machines can be achieved by GPU scheduling; finer-grained fairness needs further architectural support by the nature of non-preemptive GPU workload.