Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Adolescent Pathways of Antisocial Behaviors in Poor, Inner-City Neighborhoods

The change and stability of antisocial behavior during adolescence has triggered interest in a number of social scientific disciplines. This article longitudinally examines pathways of antisocial behavior among predominantly African American adolescents residing in inner-city, poor neighborhoods. Data were collected from 354 youth (ages 12 through 15) in an ongoing longitudinal study designed to identify the life-course trajectories of behaviors and associated developmental outcomes in inner-city youth. Growth mixture modeling was used to classify antisocial behavior trajectories, which identified three distinct developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior: high starter, incremental, and steady. Understanding developmental trajectories of antisocial behaviors is important in that it informs prevention and intervention efforts, particularly for high-risk youth populations.
Stressors and burnout: The role of employee assistance programs and self-efficacy

This study was aimed at exploring the roles of self-efficacy and an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) in employee burnout associated with stress. A total of 600 questionnaires were sent and 205 were collected from employees in high-tech industries in a Science Park in Taiwan. The valid collection rate was 34.2%. Path analysis was used to test the model. The results show that stressors can negatively and indirectly influence burnout through self-efficacy. This finding means that companies trying to reduce employee burnout should pay much more attention to enhancement of employee self-efficacy. Implications for application and future research are discussed.
Self-other representations and relational and overt aggression in adolescent girls and boys.

Aggressive behavior in girls has received far less attention than similar problems in boys. This study examined self-representation, and others' representation of self, as predictors of relational aggression, overt aggression, and assaultive behavior in 32 girls and 52 boys, 10 to 17 years of age, referred for assessment due to significant aggressive and delinquent behavior problems. As predicted, negativity of self-representation predicted relational aggression in girls but not boys. Negativity of self-representation also predicted overt aggression and assaultive behavior in both girls and boys. Parental representations of self were not predictive in this sample; however, negativity of peer representations of self, was associated with increased relational aggression in girls and decreased relational aggression in boys. Negativity of peer representations of self also predicted overt aggression and assaultive behavior in both girls and boys. Results suggest that the evaluation of self-other representations may be valuable in the assessment of risk for gender specific patterns of aggression.
Loss of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on 3.0 tesla susceptibility‐weighted imaging in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

We assessed loss of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity (DNH) on high‐field susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), a novel magnetic resonance imaging marker for Parkinson's disease (PD), in 15 subjects with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and compared findings to 42 healthy controls (HCs) and 104 PD patients. We found loss of DNH in at least two thirds of iRBD subjects, which approaches the rate observed in PD and is in contrast to findings in HCs. We propose that absence of DNH on high‐field SWI could identify prodromal degenerative parkinsonism in iRBD. Ann Neurol 2016;79:1026–1030
Classroom Instrument Preferences Among 4- to 9-Year-Olds in a Free-Play Setting

Early studies in music education supported Zimmerman’s philosophy that “music for young children is primarily the discovery of sound and the imaginative use of instruments aids this discovery” (as cited in Campbell, 2001). Current music textbooks for preservice early childhood educators continue to encourage teachers to provide the “opportunity to produce as many different kinds of sounds as possible” (Haines & Gerber, 2000, p. 11). These authors also advocate the use of classroom instruments as tools of musical creativity and discovery. There appears to be continuing interest in examining young children’s musical activities during operant or free-play situations (Geringer, 1977; Gluschankof, 2002; Sims, 2001; Young, 2003). Further research has shown that children generally prefer musical activities that involve movement and playing instruments (Bowles, 1998; Temmerman, 2000). Geringer (1977) found that timpani, piano, and step bells were the most popular selections when students were allowed 5 minutes of free-play time on instruments of their choosing. Other instruments used in the study, in order of preference, were ukulele, metallophone, slide whistle, guiro, log drum, soprano recorder, and hand drum (Geringer, 1977). It is interesting to note that percussion instruments were both most and least popular with the children. The children chose the timpani most frequently, while the hand drum was the least popular. Questions arise as to whether the timpani’s popularity was enhanced by its unique appearance, its richness of sound compared to the hand drum, or some other unknown factor. Temmerman (2000) also found that children showed a preference for drums. Similarly, Byo (1991) determined that both male and female third graders indicated a preference for drums. Neither study indicated the type of drum used. Geringer (1977) made no mention of gender in his study, but subsequent studies have found that this element can influence a child’s selection of or attitude toward a musical instrument. These studies have also usually found that this effect is not particularly evident until about third grade or 8 to 9 years of age (Abeles & Porter, 1978; Boulton & O’Neill, 1996). Based on these previous studies indicating that students do display preferences for instrumentrelated activities, the next logical questions would seem to be, what types of instruments do they prefer and what types of readily accessible instruments will invite creativity and experimentation in the early childhood classroom? With those questions in mind, the current investigation was designed to examine the instrument choices and the amount of time spent playing common classroom instruments under free-play conditions among 4to 9-year-olds.
Rethinking the Link Between Institutional Crowding and Inmate Misconduct

Studies of prison crowding effects on inmate misconduct have produced anomalous findings, perhaps because of the cross-study differences in research methods. Different methods are important for several goals of scientific inquiry, but there are advantages to adopting similar approaches when studying a policy-relevant question. A cross-section of studies is reviewed toward the end of providing a strategy for more uniform research on the topic. Of primary interest are (a) operationalization of concepts; (b) underlying explanations for possible effects of crowding on misconduct; (c) the direct, indirect, and conditioning effects of crowding on misconduct; and (d) the bi-level nature of the crowding—misconduct relationship.
Individual Alpha Peak Frequency Predicts 10 Hz Flicker Effects on Selective Attention

Rhythmic visual stimulation (“flicker”) is primarily used to “tag” processing of low-level visual and high-level cognitive phenomena. However, preliminary evidence suggests that flicker may also entrain endogenous brain oscillations, thereby modulating cognitive processes supported by those brain rhythms. Here we tested the interaction between 10 Hz flicker and endogenous alpha-band (∼10 Hz) oscillations during a selective visuospatial attention task. We recorded EEG from human participants (both genders) while they performed a modified Eriksen flanker task in which distractors and targets flickered within (10 Hz) or outside (7.5 or 15 Hz) the alpha band. By using a combination of EEG source separation, time-frequency, and single-trial linear mixed-effects modeling, we demonstrate that 10 Hz flicker interfered with stimulus processing more on incongruent than congruent trials (high vs low selective attention demands). Crucially, the effect of 10 Hz flicker on task performance was predicted by the distance between 10 Hz and individual alpha peak frequency (estimated during the task). Finally, the flicker effect on task performance was more strongly predicted by EEG flicker responses during stimulus processing than during preparation for the upcoming stimulus, suggesting that 10 Hz flicker interfered more with reactive than proactive selective attention. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that visual flicker entrained endogenous alpha-band networks, which in turn impaired task performance. Our findings also provide novel evidence for frequency-dependent exogenous modulation of cognition that is determined by the correspondence between the exogenous flicker frequency and the endogenous brain rhythms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here we provide novel evidence that the interaction between exogenous rhythmic visual stimulation and endogenous brain rhythms can have frequency-specific behavioral effects. We show that alpha-band (10 Hz) flicker impairs stimulus processing in a selective attention task when the stimulus flicker rate matches individual alpha peak frequency. The effect of sensory flicker on task performance was stronger when selective attention demands were high, and was stronger during stimulus processing and response selection compared with the prestimulus anticipatory period. These findings provide novel evidence that frequency-specific sensory flicker affects online attentional processing, and also demonstrate that the correspondence between exogenous and endogenous rhythms is an overlooked prerequisite when testing for frequency-specific cognitive effects of flicker.
The Impact of Religiosity as a Moderator on Attitude Towards Celebrity Endorsement–Purchase Intentions Relationship

The current study has three main purposes; to investigate the impact of attitude towards celebrity endorsement on purchase intentions, to test the direct effect of religiosity on purchase intentions and finally, examine the religiosity as a moderator on attitude towards celebrity endorsement purchase intentions relationship. Data were collected through online survey. Both Stepwise and Moderated Regression tests were conducted through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The positive impact of attitude towards celebrity endorsement on purchase intentions was confirmed. However, no evidence was found regarding the moderating effect of religiosity on attitude towards celebrity endorsement – purchase intentions relation. Managers could use celebrities to endorse their products, however, product quality is still the most crucial determents to purchase the product.
Fulfilling Educational Aspirations

A nationally representative sample of high school students is used to examine where students go for college information and how those information sources affect the number of schools to which students apply. Results show that Latino/a students are least likely to access college sources and have applied to the fewest number of schools. Among Latino/a students college resources are also one of biggest predictors of number of schools to which Latino/a students have applied.
Understanding and Reporting Qualitative Research

Qualitative research methodology is an often misunderstood and underutilized set of philosophies, approaches, and procedures that lends itself quite readily to the study of phenomena of substantial interest to rehabilitation researchers, research consumers, and individuals with disabilities. For that reason, we propose general guidelines for developing and preparing manuscripts to be submitted for journal publication. We discuss important elements to address in introducing the study, describing the research methods, presenting the findings, and discussing the findings. Throughout the article, we use examples from qualitative research articles to illustrate both the process and reporting of qualitative research.
Effects of the physical work environment on the creation of individual‐ and group‐level social capital

Purpose – The aim of this article is to examine how office designs influence social capital or the value inherent in relationships. More specifically, this article attempts to better understand the level to which the value of social capital accrues, either to the individual or to the group.Design/methodology/approach – The authors review theoretical and empirical research on the physical work environment and social capital to develop propositions that relate the effects of open office environments on the development of group‐ and individual‐level social capital.Findings – It is argued that an open‐office environment, defined as an office design that attempts to maximize functional communication among organization members by removing physical barriers that hinder the flow of work and communications, can positively affect the development of social capital within an organization. Specifically, it is suggested that open office designs will foster the development of group‐level social capital (i.e. social capi.
No Aggression, Only Teasing: The Pragmatics of Teasing and Banter

No Aggression, Only Teasing: The Pragmatics of Teasing and Banter A bone of contention among researchers is whether the primary function of humour is the expression of aggression against the hearer or the promotion of solidarity between the interlocutors. It is commonly averred that teasing boasts a dichotomous nature, i.e. malignant and benevolent. The former coincides with the potential for criticising, mocking and ostracising the interlocutor, whereas the latter accounts for playfulness and bonding capacity. The overriding goal of the paper is to expound the rapport-building function, which is here postulated to be inherent to teasing. First and foremost, I will determine the scope of interest differentiating between putdown humour and teases, which may assume the form of retorts and develop into multi-turn teases, i.e. banter. Subtypes of teasing will be discussed with a view to proving that it is inherently devoid of genuine aggressiveness. The underlying premise is that teases, even if ostensibly aggressive, i.e. face-threatening, are geared towards solidarity, in conformity with the framework of politeness, including mock impoliteness, holding between intimates. Also, teases fulfil a few subordinate functions such as defunctionalisation or mitigation of face-threatening messages they may carry.
The Correlates of Community Antidrug Activism

This article examines the distribution of drug problems across neighborhoods and the nature and extent of organized community responses to them. It tests contradictory hypotheses about the effect that neighborhood drug problems should have on communities, and it reexamines past research on the social and economic correlates of community activism. The results challenge the conventional wisdom, and suggest that in the 1990s, antidrug activism has taken new forms.
A Statistically Robust Approach to Acoustic Impulse Response Shaping

Acoustic impulse response shaping is a prefiltering technique to reduce the perceptible effects of room reverberation. The room impulse responses to be shaped must first be measured, and these measurements can contain errors. Furthermore, room responses vary with changes in temperature and humidity and also with changes in measurement position. This letter presents a method for enhancing the robustness of the shaping procedure so that the effects of these errors and changes are minimized. The method uses a stochastic model of the channel variations to explicitly limit the probability of large deviations from the desired performance. The method is evaluated on realistic channel perturbations and the resulting shaped responses are shown to comply with the robustness specification.
Les effets des stratégies de changement organisationnel sur la résistance des individus

De nombreux auteurs ont avance des series de recommandations sur la maniere de surmonter la resistance au changement. Pour autant, celles-ci souffrent de deux failles. D’une part, elles sont isolees les unes des autres et ne sont integrees dans de veritables strategies de changement. Et d’autre part, elles approchent la resistance de maniere generique sans s’interesser a ses sources. L’objet de cet article est donc d’evaluer l’effet des strategies de changement sur les sources de resistance des individus. Pour ce faire, nous realisons un ensemble de propositions fondees sur la litterature existante dans le domaine de la conduite du changement organisationnel.
Learning appearance in virtual scenarios for pedestrian detection

Detecting pedestrians in images is a key functionality to avoid vehicle-to-pedestrian collisions. The most promising detectors rely on appearance-based pedestrian classifiers trained with labelled samples. This paper addresses the following question: can a pedestrian appearance model learnt in virtual scenarios work successfully for pedestrian detection in real images? (Fig. 1). Our experiments suggest a positive answer, which is a new and relevant conclusion for research in pedestrian detection. More specifically, we record training sequences in virtual scenarios and then appearance-based pedestrian classifiers are learnt using HOG and linear SVM. We test such classifiers in a publicly available dataset provided by Daimler AG for pedestrian detection benchmarking. This dataset contains real world images acquired from a moving car. The obtained result is compared with the one given by a classifier learnt using samples coming from real images. The comparison reveals that, although virtual samples were not specially selected, both virtual and real based training give rise to classifiers of similar performance.
Carotid Artery Stenting in Older Patients: Is Age a Risk Factor for Poor Outcome?

Purpose: To assess the impact of age on technical success and complications of carotid stenting in a prospective single-center cohort study. Methods: One hundred eleven consecutive patients (74 men; median age 70 years) with ≥70% symptomatic (n=33) or ≥90% asymptomatic (n=78) internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis underwent carotid artery stent implantation. Primary technical success and periprocedural complications were compared in patients aged >75 years (n=28) to patients <75 years (n=83). Results: Patient groups below and above 75 years compared well with respect to baseline demographic and clinical data. Successful stenting was achieved in 108 (97%) patients. The combined neurological complication rate was 7% (n=8), with 1 (1%) major stroke, 1 (1%) minor stroke, and no 30-day mortality. Technical angiographic complications occurred in 8 (7%) patients. No significant differences between patients >75 years and those <75 years were observed for primary success rates (100% [28/28] versus 96% [80/83]; p=0.8), overall complications (14% [4/28] versus 16% [13/83]; p=1.0), neurological complications (7% [2/28] versus 7% [6/83]; p=1.0), or technical complications (7% [2/28] versus 4% [3/83]; p=0.6). Conclusions: Elective carotid stenting can be performed safely in older patients with several comorbidities. Patient age does not seem to be an independent risk factor for poor outcome after endovascular treatment of internal carotid artery stenosis. Both Drs. Ahmadi and Schillinger contributed equally to the study.
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence Training on Behavior Problems of Boys with Externalized Behavior Disorder in Elementary Schools

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the behavior problems of boys with Externalized behavior disorder in Primary Schools. Method : This quasi-experimental study was conducted along with a pre-test, post-test, with a control group and a follow-up test. For sampling, 40 students identified with Externalized behavioral problems through the Teacher Report Form (TRF) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were chosen and randomly divided into two groups (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The experimental group received emotional intelligence training program in 17 sessions (2 sessions per week, 60 minutes per session) and the control group received no training beyond their regular school program. After two months, in order to examine the stability (durability) of training effect, the follow-up test was conducted. Finally, the data obtained were analyzed using the statistical method of generalized estimating equations. Results : The results showed that the intervention program had created a significant difference between the scores of the experimental and control group (p<0.001) and the rate of behavioral problems (aggression, rule breaking) occurrence has dropped. This was true for the follow-up results too. Conclusions : It can be concluded that Emotional Intelligence Training decreases the behavior problems of boys with Externalized behavior disorder and helps to prevent high occurrence of these problems.
Automatic attention to stimuli signalling chances and dangers: Moderating effects of positive and negative goal and action contexts

Current research on automatic attention allocation focuses on the questions whether there is an asymmetry in attentional biases towards negative and positive stimuli and whether these attentional biases are influenced by situational variables. In an experiment with N = 48 participants, automatic allocation of attention to chance and danger stimuli was investigated. Attentional capture was generally larger for chance stimuli than for danger stimuli. Additionally, attentional bias was influenced by the outcome focus of the actual goal orientation. Results revealed an incongruence effect of goal orientation on attentional biases: Attentional capture for the chance and danger stimuli was comparatively stronger when an outcome focus of opposite valence had been induced.
The Social Functioning of Preschool-Age Children Whose Mothers Are Emotionally and Physically Abused.

Abstract In this study, the social interactions and emotional adjustment of 21 preschool children of battered women and 25 same-age children from nonviolent homes were assessed. Mothers rated the frequency of emotional and physical abuse during the past year, their mental health, parenting qualities, and the child's adjustment. The free play of each child in a small group setting was evaluated by two observers on three separate occasions. The levels of emotion expression and regulation, interaction with peers and caregivers, and the observers' ratings of the child were assessed. Children who were exposed to parental violence had many more behavioral problems, exhibited significantly more negative affect, responded less appropriately to situations, were more aggressive with peers, and had more ambivalent relationships with their care-givers than those from nonviolent families. Regression analyses show that emotional abuse of the mother and mother's self-esteem were the most significant predictors of the ch.