Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mediated Impacts Model of Demand Volatility on Inventory Flow Integration in Supply Chains

We develop a theoretical model about how organizations cope with the bullwhip effect created by consumer demand uncertainty through product modularity and information sharing across the supply chain. Unpredictability of consumer demand is likely to accentuate inventory flows in the supply chain. Information sharing and product modularity can be used by organizations to mediate the impact of uncertain product demand on inventory flow integration. An organization’s success in coping with the bullwhip effect is reflected in the degree to which inventory flows are integrated across the supply chain. Our results suggest that (1) information sharing is essential for achieving integration of inventory flows irrespective of the demand environment, and (2) the strategy of modular product design can help organizations enhance inventory flows under conditions of consumer demand uncertainty.
Fivefold symmetric homonuclear dipolar recoupling in rotating solids: Application to double quantum spectroscopy

spinning frequencies. We observe dramatic oscillations of the recoupled signal with a period ;v r/2p indicating that the 1 H reservoir is behaving partially inhomogeneously. This kind of double quantum recoupling is explored in multiple spin systems and we derive analytical forms for polarization transfer and double quantum excitation relevant for uniformly labeled systems. Finally, the wide applicability of the fivefold sequence is demonstrated with INADEQUATE type spectra of uniformly 13 C labeled sucrose and L-alanine. © 1999 American Institute of Physics. @S0021-9606~99! 01615-3#
Why Pragmatists Cannot be Pluralists

Contemporary pragmatists often maintain that their doctrine is intrinsically allied with pluralism.1 This claim has become so common that it has taken on the lively hue of self-evidence. We contend that pragmatism and pluralism are in fact not compatible, that pragmatists cannot be pluraliste. Our demonstration of this thesis will proceed in an ordinary way: We shall first identify three distinct types of pluralism.2 We shall then identity two general styles of pragmatism.3 Then we shall demonstrate that although certain varieties of pluralism are logically consistent with pragmatism, no pluralism is compatible with pragmatism; that is, we will argue that in cases where pragmatism and pluralism are consistent there are good pragmatic reasons to reject pluralism. Thus the lively hue of self- evidence that once attended the thought that the two are deeply connected should turn to a sickly pall of implausibility. Our mission is not simply negative or polemical. We do not seek merely to refute a self-conception popular among pragmatists. Rather, we aim to further the positive agenda of encouraging pragmatists to make more explicit the nature of their commitments in a way that better enables them to engage critically and fruitfully in a broader set of philosophical conversations concerning pluralism. As we shall indicate in the closing section of this essay, we see this kind of cross- traditional engagement as essential to the health of any philosophical tradition, and absolutely essential in the case of the American pragmatist tradition, which has always upheld the importance of critical exchange. In this way, we see the following essay as a positive contribution to pragmatist philosophy and a decisive step forward in advancing American philosophy.
Advancing the Development of Glycated Protein Biosensing Technology

Research advances in biochemical molecules have led to the development of convenient and reproducible biosensing molecules for glycated proteins, such as those based on the enzymes fructosyl amino acid oxidase (FAOX) or fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX). Recently, more attractive biosensing molecules with potential applications in next-generation biosensing of glycated proteins have been aggressively reported. We review 2 such molecules, fructosamine 6-kinase (FN6K) and fructosyl amino acid-binding protein, as well as their recent applications in the development of glycated protein biosensing systems. Research on FN6K and fructosyl amino acid-binding protein has been opening up new possibilities for the development of highly sensitive and proteolytic-digestion-free biosensing systems for glycated proteins.
Teachers' Answers to Students' Questions: Problematizing the Issue of Making Meaning

This paper analyzes how three university ESL teachers answered students' requests for help in understanding unknown vocabulary items during lessons that were mediated via a task-based, small group methodology. While considerable individual variation was observed, it was found that teachers rarely answered students' questions directly. Instead, they tended to answer learners' referential questions with display questions of their own, a strategy that is called here a counter-question strategy. It is argued that the use of this strategy for making meaning problematizes issues in the second language acquisition literature on the social construction of comprehensible input and output. Alternative interpretations of the implications of this meaning making strategy for second language acquisition theory are offered as a basis for further research.
Comparing the Effects on the Child of Post-Divorce Parenting Arrangements

Comparisons of the impact on the child of parenting arrangements as a result of parental divorce were examined. Twenty-four children were matched in eight triplets consisting of one joint-custody child, one single-custody child, and one child from an intact family. Results of this exploratory study revealed that shared parenting in joint custody was at least as beneficial, perhaps more beneficial parenting arrangement than the solo parenting arrangement for children in custody due to parental divorce.
Gender Differences in the Experience of Heterosexual Intercourse

This paper describes the development and testing of a self-report scale delineating the components of the experience of heterosexual intercourse of both men and women. In a preliminary study, 70 men freely expressed the feelings, thoughts, and motives involved in the experience of heterosexual intercourse. A content analysis revealed that the components of the experience of heterosexual intercourse found in the men's sample are very similar to those found in a women's sample in a previous study (Birnbaum, Glaubman, & Mikulincer, 2001). On this account, the Experience of Heterosexual Intercourse Scale (EHIS), which was used by Birnbaum and her colleagues, was administered to 181 women and 178 men. Overall, the results revealed that the experience of women was more centred on both the aversive and positive relational aspects of heterosexual intercourse than the experience of men. Findings are discussed in relation to sociobiological and social influence theories.
Efficient Object Instance Search Using Fuzzy Objects Matching

Recently, global features aggregated from local convolutional features of the convolutional neural network have shown to be much more effective in comparison with hand-crafted features for image retrieval. However, the global feature might not effectively capture the relevance between the query object and reference images in the object instance search task, especially when the query object is relatively small and there exist multiple types of objects in reference images. Moreover, the object instance search requires to localize the object in the reference image, which may not be achieved through global representations. In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy Objects Matching (FOM) framework to effectively and efficiently capture the relevance between the query object and reference images in the dataset. In the proposed FOM scheme, object proposals are utilized to detect the potential regions of the query object in reference images. To achieve high search efficiency, we factorize the feature matrix of all the object proposals from one reference image into the product of a set of fuzzy objects and sparse codes. In addition, we refine the feature of the generated fuzzy objects according to its neighborhood in the feature space to generate more robust representation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed FOM framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in precision with less memory and computational cost on three public datasets.
Effects of Language and Similarity on Comparison Processing

What factors promote conceptual (deep) processing in young children? In this research we examine two factors that seem likely to invite a focus on important conceptual information. The first is comparison processing: comparisons (such as “cats are like dogs”) involve a structural alignment that highlights common relational structure as well as differences connected to that structure. The second factor is the use of generic language (such as “cats have sharp teeth”), which invites a construal organized around information that is relatively central to the represented item. We ask whether these two forces can combine to foster deep processing in 4-year-olds, as well as in adults. Our secondary goal is to test whether the process of comparison operates in the same way in preschool children as in adults. In two studies (N = 132), we examined preschool children's and adults' comparison processing, by asking participants to produce either commonalities or differences for pairs of items while varying similarity (highversus low) and wording (generic versus specific). As predicted, for both ages, (a) high-similarity pairs generated both more commonalities and more alignable differences than low-similarity pairs; (b) generic wording differed from specific language in relatively more deep properties for both ages; and (c) the combination of generic language and high similarity was especially favorable for producing deep properties. The detailed parallels between age groups suggest that the same comparison processes hold for children as for adults. Most important, the results show that two ways of highlighting deep conceptual structure—generic language and structural alignment—can be combined to provide a source of insight for both children and adults.
Vascular and nerve lesions of the diabetic foot--a morphological study.

UNLABELLED The microcirculation in neuropathic diabetic feet is the subject of the same changes found in other end organs of the diabetic patients. In diabetic neuropathy, abnormal neurogenic regulation of the hemodynamics in the small vessels may contribute to the development of microangiopathy, which is manifested as increased basement thickening. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study has been made on a group of 25 patients: nine with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 16 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. All patients were affected by peripheral diabetic neuropathy and showed various degrees of lesions on the foot level. All cases required amputations done at the lower extremity of the limbs. Tissue fragments were processed for the standard histopathological exam, using Hemalaun-Eosin, trichromic Szekely and van Gieson staining. RESULTS The histopathological examination revealed on the skin level--ulcerations covering large areas, while entire sections showed hyperacanthosis. At the dermis level, the microscopic panel was dominated by the presence of the inflammatory infiltrate. The absence or the degeneration of the sweat glands, the presence of venous stasis and perivascular bleedings completed the morphological panel of the dermis. On the microcirculation level, the endothelial cells have a flat smooth inflated aspect. In the case of the large arterioles and arteries of muscular type, we observed the presence of the fibrous tissue on the level of media, calcium deposits on intima, mediocalcinosis. CONCLUSIONS The identification of vascular and nervous morphological structures in the complicated diabetic foot allows the extension of the knowledge related to the pathological background of this condition. The vascular lesions, which appeared on the microcirculation level, are consequently involving arterioles and arteries of muscular type and are being accompanied by nervous lesions shown through morphological changes of the peripheral nerves. The overall morphological contest of the complicated diabetic foot involves lesions of the epidermis, dermis, and muscles.
Validation of a Web-Based Tool to Predict the Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence (IBTR! 2.0) after Breast-Conserving Therapy for Korean Patients

Purpose IBTR! 2.0 is a web-based nomogram that predicts the 10-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) rate after breast-conserving therapy. We validated this nomogram in Korean patients. Methods The nomogram was tested for 520 Korean patients, who underwent breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy. Predicted and observed 10-year outcomes were compared for the entire cohort and for each group, predefined by nomogram-predicted risks: group 1, <3%; group 2, 3% to 5%; group 3, 5% to 10%; group 4, >10%. Results In overall patients, the overall 10 year predicted and observed estimates of IBTR were 5.22% and 5.70% (p=0.68). In group 1, (n=124), the predicted and observed estimates were 2.25% and 1.80% (p=0.73), in group 2 (n=177), 3.95% and 3.90% (p=0.97), in group 3 (n=181), 7.14% and 8.80% (p=0.42), and in group 4 (n=38), 11.66% and 14.90% (p=0.73), respectively. Conclusion In a previous validation of this nomogram based on American patients, nomogram-predicted IBTR rates were overestimated in the high-risk subgroup. However, our results based on Korean patients showed that the observed IBTR was higher than the predicted estimates in groups 3 and 4. This difference may arise from ethnic differences, as well as from the methods used to detect IBTR and the healthcare environment. IBTR! 2.0 may be considered as an acceptable nomogram in Korean patients with low- to moderate-risk of in-breast recurrence. Before widespread use of this nomogram, the IBTR! 2.0 needs a larger validation study and continuous modification.
Apamin-Sensitive Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels, through their Selective Coupling to Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels, Are Critical Determinants of the Precision, Pace, and Pattern of Action Potential Generation in Rat Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons In Vitro

Distinct activity patterns in subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons are observed during normal voluntary movement and abnormal movement in Parkinson's disease (PD). To determine how such patterns of activity are regulated by small conductance (SK) calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) and voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels, STN neurons were recorded in the perforated patch configuration in slices, [which were prepared from postnatal day 16 (P16)-P30 rats and held at 37°C] and then treated with the SK KCa channel antagonist apamin or the SK KCa agonist 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone or the Cav channel antagonists ω-conotoxin GVIA (Cav2.2-selective) or nifedipine (Cav1.2-1.3-selective). In other experiments, fura-2 was introduced as an indicator of intracellular calcium dynamics. A component of the current underlying single-spike afterhyperpolarization was sensitive to apamin, phase-locked to calcium entry via Cav2.2 channels, and necessary for precise, autonomous, single-spike oscillation. SK KCa/Cav2.2 channel coupling did not underlie spike-frequency adaptation but limited activity in response to current injection by encoding the accumulation of intracellular calcium, maintained the characteristic sigmoidal frequency-intensity relationship and generated a post-train afterhyperpolarization. In addition, SK KCa channels terminated rebound burst activity more effectively in neurons with short-duration bursts (<100 msec) than neurons with long-duration bursts (>100 msec), presumably through their activation by Cav3 channels. Cav1.2-1.3 channels were not strongly coupled to SK KCa channels and therefore supported secondary range and long-duration rebound burst firing. In summary, SK KCa channels play a fundamental role in autonomous, driven, and rebound activity and oppose the transition from autonomous, rhythmic, single-spike activity to burst firing in STN neurons.
Full Field Image Reconstruction Is Suitable for High-Pitch Dual-Source Computed Tomography

ObjectivesThe field of view (FOV) in high-pitch dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) is limited by the size of the second detector. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a full FOV image reconstruction technique for high-pitch DSCT. Materials and MethodsFor reconstruction beyond the FOV of the second detector, raw data of the second system were extended to the full dimensions of the first system, using the partly existing data of the first system in combination with a very smooth transition weight function. During the weighted filtered backprojection, the data of the second system were applied with an additional weighting factor. This method was tested for different pitch values from 1.5 to 3.5 on a simulated phantom and on 25 high-pitch DSCT data sets acquired at pitch values of 1.6, 2.0, 2.5, 2.8, and 3.0. Images were reconstructed with FOV sizes of 260 × 260 and 500 × 500 mm2. Image quality was assessed by 2 radiologists using a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed with repeated-measure analysis of variance. ResultsIn phantom and patient data, full FOV image quality depended on pitch. Where complete projection data from both tube-detector systems were available, image quality was unaffected by pitch changes. Full FOV image quality was not compromised at pitch values of 1.6 and remained fully diagnostic up to a pitch of 2.0. At higher pitch values, there was an increasing difference in image quality between limited and full FOV images (P = 0.0097). ConclusionWith this new image reconstruction technique, full FOV image reconstruction can be used up to a pitch of 2.0.
Moral Sentiments and Material Interests: The Foundations of Cooperation in Economic Life

Moral Sentiments and Material Interests presents an innovative synthesis of research in different disciplines to argue that cooperation stems not from the stereotypical selfish agent acting out of disguised self-interest but from the presence of "strong reciprocators" in a social group. Presenting an overview of research in economics, anthropology, evolutionary and human biology, social psychology, and sociology, the book deals with both the theoretical foundations and the policy implications of this explanation for cooperation. Chapter authors in the remaining parts of the book discuss the behavioral ecology of cooperation in humans and nonhuman primates, modeling and testing strong reciprocity in economic scenarios, and reciprocity and social policy. The evidence for strong reciprocity in the book includes experiments using the famous Ultimatum Game (in which two players must agree on how to split a certain amount of money or they both get nothing.)
Results of coronary artery surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function (CASS).

We identified 420 medically treated and 231 surgically treated patients (coronary graft plus myocardial surgery in 30%) who had severe left ventricular dysfunction manifest by an ejection fraction below 0.36 and markedly abnormal wall motion. Compared with medically treated patients, those treated surgically had more severe angina (56.7% vs 29.0% class III or IV; p less than .001), less heart failure as predominant symptom (11.1% vs 18.8%; p less than .003), more severe coronary disease (66.7% vs 50.2% three-vessel disease; p less than .001), a greater concentration of left main coronary artery lesions greater than 70% (12.6% vs 3.8%: p less than .001), and a greater estimated extent of jeopardized myocardium (p less than .001). Multivariate regression analysis of survival, which adjusts for the above covariates, showed that surgical treatment prolonged survival (p less than .05), although it ranked below severity of heart failure symptoms, age, ejection fraction, and left main stenosis greater than 70% in determining prognosis. Surgical benefit was most apparent for patients with ejection fractions below 0.26 who had a 43% 5 year survival with medical treatment vs 63% with surgery. Surgically treated patients experienced substantial symptomatic benefit compared with medically treated patients if their presenting symptoms were predominantly angina; however, there was no relief of symptoms caused primarily by heart failure. We conclude that patients with predominantly ischemic pain symptoms, despite poor left ventricular function, benefit from surgery; however, operative mortality in this high-risk subset must equal or better the 6.9% obtained in this study.
Model-Free Adaptive Discrete-Time Integral Sliding-Mode-Constrained-Control for Autonomous 4WMV Parking Systems

In this paper, a new model-free adaptive integral sliding-mode-constrained control scheme is presented for autonomous four-wheeled mobile vehicle (4WMV) parking systems. The proposed control strategy includes: 1) online identification for the object model based on a data-driven technique is presented for 4WMV and 2) an integral sliding-mode controller with control input constraints and stability analysis is provided. For online data-driven model identification, a compact-form dynamic linearization-based observer formulation is constructed for 4WMV. For integral sliding-mode controller design, a dynamic antiwindup compensator is introduced to solve integral saturation and actuator saturation problems in the autonomous 4WMV parking system. The designed control scheme only utilizes the body angle and steering angle of the vehicle under the condition that the precise mechanism model of the autonomous 4WMV parking system is not available to us. Finally, simulation comparisons between the model-free adaptive integral sliding-mode-constrained control scheme, PID control, and model-free adaptive control algorithms with coordinate compensation are given for two different vehicles. The simulation results show that a better control performance is achieved with the proposed new sliding-mode controller than the traditional control method when actuator or control input saturation exists in the autonomous 4WMV parking system.
Mis)understanding and learning from feedback relations in a simple dynamic system

﻿The amount of learning gained from being assisted in completing the task of bringing a predator-prey system into equilibrium by controlling the predator population was investigated. Learning was explored both by post-task questioning and by testing for transfer to another predator-prey task. Participants were 28 undergraduate psychology students, all female. They were randomly and evenly split into an experiment group that was subjected to a learning session with the first task before being tested in the second task, and a control group that only performed the second task. What was most needed in the first task was help in sticking to analytically derived conclusions by resisting “common sense” responses. There was a significant transfer effect on performance to the second task, stemming from learning shown by half the participants in the experiment group. The other half showed hardly any learning. Learning in about half the subjects has proven a stable finding. ﻿