Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saccade frequency response to visual cues during gait in Parkinson's disease: the selective role of attention

Gait impairment is a core feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) with implications for falls risk. Visual cues improve gait in PD, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Evidence suggests that attention and vision play an important role; however, the relative contribution from each is unclear. Measurement of visual exploration (specifically saccade frequency) during gait allows for real‐time measurement of attention and vision. Understanding how visual cues influence visual exploration may allow inferences of the underlying mechanisms to response which could help to develop effective therapeutics. This study aimed to examine saccade frequency during gait in response to a visual cue in PD and older adults and investigate the roles of attention and vision in visual cue response in PD. A mobile eye‐tracker measured saccade frequency during gait in 55 people with PD and 32 age‐matched controls. Participants walked in a straight line with and without a visual cue (50 cm transverse lines) presented under single task and dual‐task (concurrent digit span recall). Saccade frequency was reduced when walking in PD compared to controls; however, visual cues ameliorated saccadic deficit. Visual cues significantly increased saccade frequency in both PD and controls under both single task and dual‐task. Attention rather than visual function was central to saccade frequency and gait response to visual cues in PD. In conclusion, this study highlights the impact of visual cues on visual exploration when walking and the important role of attention in PD. Understanding these complex features will help inform intervention development.
Effect of Trap Size, Trap Height and Age of Lure on Sampling Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and its Flight Periodicity and Seasonality

ABSTRACT Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a non-native pest that transmits the causal pathogen of laurel wilt disease to plants belonging to the Lauraceae. To improve the current monitoring and survey techniques of X. glabratus, various trapping and flight behavior studies were conducted in natural areas with host species in Alachua County, Florida. Daylight flight rhythm studied at Austin Cary Memorial Forest twice in Sep 2010 using sticky traps baited with manuka lures showed that X. glabratus flies mostly between 1600 and 1800 h daylight saving time. Flight height of the beetle was determined in a trapping study using ladder-like traps. The largest number of beetles was trapped at heights of 35–100 cm above the ground. Seasonality of X. glabratus was studied in Florida from Mar 2010–Dec 2011. Three peaks of trap catches occurred during Apr 2010, Oct 2010 and Mar 2011. To find the optimal Lindgren funnel trap design for X. glabratus, a study was conducted using 4, 8, 12 and 16 funnels per trap. Funnel traps with 8, 12, 16 funnels per trap captured similar numbers of X. glabratus, but significantly more than with 4 funnels per trap. The effect of aging of manuka lures was studied at 2 different sites in Alachua County, Florida. New manuka lures trapped significantly more X. glabratus than lures aged 2, 4 and 6 wk. Trap color, whether black, white, blue, yellow, red or transparent, had no significant influence on the number of X. glabratus trapped.
Umeclidinium/vilanterol as step-up therapy from tiotropium in patients with moderate COPD: a randomized, parallel-group, 12-week study

Introduction Patients with COPD who remain symptomatic on long-acting bronchodilator monotherapy may benefit from step-up therapy to a long-acting bronchodilator combination. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of umeclidinium (UMEC)/vilanterol (VI) in patients with moderate COPD who remained symptomatic on tiotropium (TIO). Methods In this randomized, blinded, double-dummy, parallel-group study (NCT01899742), patients (N=494) who were prescribed TIO for ≥3 months at screening (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]: 50%–70% of predicted; modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] score ≥1) and completed a 4-week run-in with TIO were randomized to UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg or TIO 18 µg for 12 weeks. Efficacy assessments included trough FEV1 at Day 85 (primary end point), 0–3 h serial FEV1, rescue medication use, Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI), St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Safety evaluations included adverse events (AEs). Results Compared with TIO, UMEC/VI produced greater improvements in trough FEV1 (least squares [LS] mean difference: 88 mL at Day 85 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 45–131]; P<0.001) and FEV1 after 5 min on Day 1 (50 mL [95% CI: 27–72]; P<0.001). Reductions in rescue medication use over 12 weeks were greater with UMEC/VI versus TIO (LS mean change: −0.1 puffs/d [95% CI: −0.2–0.0]; P≤0.05). More patients achieved clinically meaningful improvements in TDI score (≥1 unit) with UMEC/VI (63%) versus TIO (49%; odds ratio at Day 84=1.78 [95% CI: 1.21–2.64]; P≤0.01). Improvements in SGRQ and CAT scores were similar between treatments. The incidence of AEs was similar with UMEC/VI (30%) and TIO (31%). Conclusion UMEC/VI step-up therapy provides clinical benefit over TIO monotherapy in patients with moderate COPD who are symptomatic on TIO alone.
Mother-child conflict in the toddler years: lessons in emotion, morality, and relationships.

Sixty-three mother-toddler dyads took part in a 6-month prospective study that examined how differences in the frequency and nature of early mother-toddler conflict related to individual differences in children's subsequent socioemotional development. When the children were 30 months, mothers and children participated in a series of laboratory tasks and in a 1.5-hr unstructured home observation. All episodes of verbal conflict between mothers and their children were identified from these sessions, transcribed, and coded for certain elements (e.g., strategy, discussion of emotion, and resolution). At 36 months, children participated in measures of emotional understanding, social competence, and early conscience development. Mothers' use of justification, resolution, and mitigation in conflict at 30 months predicted high levels of socioemotional development at age 3. These findings suggest that conflict may be an important context for children's socioemotional development.
Improvement of data rate in image sensor communications using dual cameras

This paper introduces image sensor communication (ISC) systems using an LED transmitter and two camera receivers where CMOS image sensors are installed. The aim of this study is to improve the data rate of the ISC system by compensating for the lost data in the IFG by combining data from two cameras. As a result, the data rate is improved by more than double compared to existing schemes.
Association of candesartan vs losartan with all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure.

CONTEXT Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce combined mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Different agents have different affinity for the AT(1) receptor and may have different clinical effects, but have not been tested against each other in HF. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of candesartan vs losartan with all-cause mortality in patients with HF. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS An HF registry (the Swedish Heart Failure Registry) of 30,254 unique patients registered from 62 hospitals and 60 outpatient clinics between 2000 and 2009. A total of 5139 patients (mean [SD] age, 74 [11] years; 39% women) were treated with candesartan (n = 2639) or losartan (n = 2500). Survival as of December 14, 2009, by ARB agent was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and predictors of survival determined by univariate and multivariate proportional hazard regression models, with and without adjustment for propensity scores and interactions. Stratified analyses and quantification of residual confounding were also performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause mortality at 1 and 5 years. RESULTS One-year survival was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89%-91%) for patients receiving candesartan and 83% (95% CI, 81%-84%) for patients receiving losartan, and 5-year survival was 61% (95% CI, 54%-68%) and 44% (95% CI, 41%-48%), respectively (log-rank P < .001). In multivariate analysis with adjustment for propensity scores, the hazard ratio for mortality for losartan compared with candesartan was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.23-1.65; P < .001). The results persisted in stratified analyses. CONCLUSION In this registry of patients with HF, the use of candesartan compared with losartan was associated with a lower mortality risk.
Time- and oxygen-dependent expression and regulation of NDRG1 in human brain cancer cells.

N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a tumor suppressor with the potential to suppress metastasis, invasion and migration of cancer cells. It is regulated under stress conditions such as starvation or hypoxia. NDRG1 regulation is both induced and controlled by HIF-1α-dependent and -independent pathways under hypoxic conditions. However, there are profound differences in the way NDRG1 expression is regulated by HIF-1α and other transcription factors. Therefore, we aimed to define the time-dependent pattern of NDRG1 mRNA and protein expression in human glioblastoma cell lines in extreme hypoxia and after re-oxygenation as well as under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, we ascribe the regulation of NDRG1 to the transcription factors HIF-1α, SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7 in a time-dependent manner. The human malignant glioma cell lines U87-MG, U373 and GaMG were cultured for 1, 6 and 24 h under hypoxic (0.1% O2) conditions and then they were re-oxygenated. The mRNA expression of NDRG1, HIF-1α SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7 was measured using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Their protein expression was analyzed using western blotting. Our experiments revealed that long-term (24 h), but not short-term hypoxia led to the induction of NDRG1 expression in human glioma cell lines. NDRG1 expression was found to correlate with the protein expression of HIF-1α, SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7. The present study suggests for the first time that SP1 regulates NDRG1 expression in glioma cells under hypoxia in a time-dependent manner along with HIF-1α, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7. These molecules, each separately or in combination, may possess the potential to become target molecules for antitumor therapeutic approaches particularly in human brain tumors.
Prevalence and Predictors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Selected Sexually Transmitted Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A New Focus to Get to Zero

Background Previous studies in Tanzania indicated that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) could be as high as 40%. We aim to provide data on the prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infection among PWIDs to inform national plans to get to zero. Materials and Methods Respondent-driven sampling was used to collect drug use, and sexual practices data among PWIDs aged 15 years and older. Blood samples were examined for HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2, syphilis, and hepatitis B. Results A total of 620 PWIDs with a median age of 32 (interquartile range, 17–52) participated in the study. Their use of drugs had typically started during adolescence. The prevalence of HIV was found to be 15.5%, whereas that of herpes simplex type 2 was 43.3%. Associated with an increased likelihood of HIV infection was being a female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–3.6), sharing of syringes (aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1), used syringes hidden in public places (aOR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.3–10.2), and having had a genital ulcer during the last 12 months before this survey. On the other hand, being educated, use of noninjectable drugs, access (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2–0.8), and use of clean syringes (aOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.6) were associated with decreased likelihood of HIV infection. Conclusions The prevalence of HIV infection among PWIDs in Dar es Salaam is 3 times higher than that in the general population. Behavioral and biological risk factors contribute to HIV transmission and needs to be addressed to be able to get to zero.
Neural Tensor Factorization

Neural collaborative filtering (NCF) and recurrent recommender systems (RRN) have been successful in modeling user-item relational data. However, they are also limited in their assumption of static or sequential modeling of relational data as they do not account for evolving users' preference over time as well as changes in the underlying factors that drive the change in user-item relationship over time. We address these limitations by proposing a Neural Tensor Factorization (NTF) model for predictive tasks on dynamic relational data. The NTF model generalizes conventional tensor factorization from two perspectives: First, it leverages the long short-term memory architecture to characterize the multi-dimensional temporal interactions on relational data. Second, it incorporates the multi-layer perceptron structure for learning the non-linearities between different latent factors. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the significant improvement in rating prediction and link prediction on dynamic relational data by our NTF model over both neural network based factorization models and other traditional methods.
Texygen: A Benchmarking Platform for Text Generation Models

We introduce Texygen, a benchmarking platform to support research on open-domain text generation models. Texygen has not only implemented a majority of text generation models, but also covered a set of metrics that evaluate the diversity, the quality and the consistency of the generated texts. The Texygen platform could help standardize the research on text generation and improve the reproductivity and reliability of future research work in text generation.
A case for IL-6, IL-17A, and nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of Sjögren’s syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune epithelitis characterized by mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands (SG), as well as the presence of serum autoantibodies. This condition is a growing public health concern in Algeria. Herein, we sought to determine if the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, and nitric oxide (NO), were correlated with the extent of MNC infiltration. The expression of inducible NO synthase (NOS2) and CD68 was measured in the SG of all patients, but not in those of the normal controls (NCs). We included 44 primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients and 15 NCs in this study; we found that the expression of NOS2 and CD68 was elevated in all of the SG of SS patients. Additionally, the serum and saliva levels of IL-6, IL-17A, and NO were higher in the pSS patients, compared with the NCs. Furthermore, the NOS2-induced excess NO was associated with the extent of the MNC infiltration, and thereby with tissue injury. It is also important to note that there were correlations between the levels of IL-6, IL-17A, and NO. Such findings indicate that through the effects of NO, IL-17A participates in the pathophysiology of the disease. With the purpose of improving both the diagnosis and prognosis, IL-6, IL-17A, and NO should be assayed in the serum and saliva of patients suspected of SS.
Comparison of viral infection in healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Background Although viruses are known to be the second most common etiological factor in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the respiratory viral profile of the patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) has not yet been elucidated. We investigated the prevalence and the clinical impact of respiratory virus infection in adult patients with HCAP. Methods Patients admitted with HCAP or CAP, between January and December 2016, to a tertiary referral hospital in Korea, were prospectively enrolled, and virus identification was performed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Among 452 enrolled patients (224 with HCAP, 228 with CAP), samples for respiratory viruses were collected from sputum or endotracheal aspirate in 430 (95.1%) patients and from nasopharyngeal specimens in 22 (4.9%) patients. Eighty-seven (19.2%) patients had a viral infection, and the proportion of those with viral infection was significantly lower in the HCAP than in the CAP group (13.8% vs 24.6%, p = 0.004). In both the HCAP and CAP groups, influenza A was the most common respiratory virus, followed by entero-rhinovirus. The seasonal distributions of respiratory viruses were also similar in both groups. In the HCAP group, the viral infection resulted in a similar length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality as viral–bacterial coinfection and bacterial infection, and the CAP group showed similar results. Conclusions The prevalence of viral infection in patients with HCAP was lower than that in patients with CAP, and resulted in a similar prognosis as viral–bacterial coinfection or bacterial infection.
Walking Responses of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to Its Aggregation Pheromone and Odors of Wheat Infestations

Abstract The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a worldwide pest of stored grains. Using “Y”-tube olfactometry we studied the response of T. castaneum to odors from simulated wheat infestations containing conspecifics, and infestations containing the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), and the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Tribolium castaneum larvae were significantly attracted to odors from all three test species. Tribolium castaneum adults were attracted to grains infested by R. dominica and flour infested by T. castaneum but repelled from grains infested by S. granarius. Further behavioral analysis with pheromones showed that T. castaneum were significantly attracted to their aggregation pheromone, dimethyldecanal (DMD), but not to the R. dominica aggregation pheromone, a mixture of dominicalure 1 and 2. Female T. castaneum adults were attracted to ∼50-fold less DMD than larvae and 100-fold less than male adults, suggesting they are more sensitive to DMD. This study improves our understanding of T. castaneum behaviors to infested grain volatile compounds and pheromones, and may help develop new control methods for grain pest species.
Phytase activity, phosphorus and calcium retention, and performance of single comb White Leghorn layers fed diets containing two levels of available phosphorus and supplemented with direct-fed microbials.

The presence of phytase activities in condensed cane molasses solubles (CCMS) and CCMS-Lactobacillus (Lacto) were determined. Single Comb White Leghorn layers were fed . 25 and . 45% available P (AP) diets supplemented with CCMS and CCMS-Lacto for nine 28-d periods to determine phytase activities of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contents and intestine, liver, and pancreatic tissues, the GI tract pH, the P and Ca retention, and layer performance. Six dietary treatments were corn-soybean (C-S) control, C-S+CCMS, and C-S+CCMS-1,100 mg Lacto/kg diet (ppm) [4.4 x 10(7) cfu/mg Lacto] each with . 25 and . 45% AP. The CCMS were used as a carrier for the Lacto, and the CCMS and CCMS-Lacto premix were incorporated at 2% of the diets. Phytase activity was much higher in CCMS-Lacto premix than in CCMS. Phytase activities of the crop contents were higher with the CCMS-Lacto diets regardless of the AP level. Intestinal phytase activity was higher with the . 45% AP CCMS-Lacto diet than the unsupplemented . 45% AP diets. Lactobacillus supplementation did not stimulate phytase activities in the intestinal contents or liver and pancreatic tissues. The pH of the crop and intestinal contents were much lower for the Lacto-fed layers than the layers fed unsupplemented diets regardless of dietary AP levels. No differences in Ca retentions were observed with Lacto supplementation regardless of the dietary AP levels. However, higher P retentions were observed with the Lacto supplementation in the . 25% AP diet. Layers fed . 25 and . 45% AP Lacto-supplemented diets had lower hen-day egg production, poorer feed conversion value, consumed slightly more feed, produced less egg mass, and laid larger eggs than the layers fed . 25 and . 45% AP unsupplemented diets. Lacto supplementation to . 25% AP diet produced eggs with higher specific gravity than the unsupplemented . 45% AP diet, but not different from unsupplemented . 25% AP diet. Layers fed the . 25% AP diets had lower BW gains then layers fed the . 45% AP diets regardless of lacto supplementation. Phytase activity was present in the lacto source, and the presence of phytase and Lacto supplementation to a . 25% AP diet improved P retention in layers.
Effect of protein and methionine levels in molt diets on postmolt performance of laying hens.

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding molt diets varying in protein content and supplemental Met on postmolt layer performance. Laying hens (70, 65, or 96 wk of age) were induced to molt by fasting (feed only) until 26 to 28% body weight loss occurred. Six molt diets consisting of 16, 13, or 10% CP with or without . 15% supplemental Met were then fed until egg production reached approximately 10%, at which time all hens received a 16% CP layer diet for 30 wk in Experiments 1 and 2 and for 4 wk in Experiment 3. In Experiment 1 (summer), hens regained body weight more rapidly, returned to production faster, and had larger egg weights (Weeks 1 to 4) when fed the 16 or 13% CP molt diets than when fed the 10% CP molt diet. Long-term egg production, egg yield (grams of egg per hen per day) (Weeks 1 to 30), and feed efficiency (Weeks 1 to 8) were greater for hens fed the 16 or 13% CP molt diets compared with those fed the 10% CP molt diet. The Met supplementation had no effect on postmolt performance. In Experiment 2 (winter), the only significant treatment effect was that Met supplementation increased egg weight (Weeks 1 to 30). Molt diet treatments had no consistent effect on egg specific gravity during the last 4 wk of the postmolt production period in Experiments 1 or 2. The effects of the dietary treatments on early postmolt performance in Experiment 3 (early fall) were similar to those observed in Experiment 1. The present study indicated that protein content, but not Met supplementation, in molt diets influenced postmolt performance of hens during the summer and early fall experiments, but not in the winter experiment.