Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic differences in childhood injury: a population based epidemiologic study in Ontario, Canada

Objective—To determine whether risks for childhood injury vary according to socioeconomic gradients. Design—Population based, retrospective study. The percentage of individuals living below the poverty line (described ecologically using census data) was the primary measure of socioeconomic status. Setting—Catchment area of a tertiary medical centre that provides emergency services to all area residents. Area residents aged 0–19 years during 1996 were included. Observations—Injuries that occurred during 1996 were identified by an emergency department based surveillance system. The study population was divided into socioeconomic grades based upon percentages of area residents living below the poverty line. Multiple Poisson regression analyses were used to quantify associations and assess the statistical significance of trends. Results—5894 childhood injuries were identified among 35 380 eligible children; 985 children with missing socioeconomic data were excluded. A consistent relation between poverty and injury was evident. Children in the highest grade (indicating higher poverty levels) experienced injury rates that were 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.48 to 1.89) higher than those in the lowest grade (adjusted relative risk for grades 1-V: 1.00,1.10,1.22,1.42, 1.67; ptrend<0.001). These patterns were observed within age/sex strata; for home, recreational, and fall injuries; and for injuries of minor and moderate severities. Conclusions—Socioeconomic differences in childhood injury parallel mortality and morbidity gradients identified in adult populations. This study confirms that this health gradient is observable in a population of children using emergency department data. Given the population based nature of this study, these findings are likely to be reflected in other settings. The results suggest the need for targeted injury prevention efforts among children from economically disadvantaged populations, although the exact requirements of the optimal prevention approach remain elusive.
Thinking Creatively at Work: Organization Influences on Creative Problem Solving

In this article, we consider how peoples' creative problem solving efforts are influenced by characteristics of the organizations in which they work. We begin examining the situations which call for creative problem solving at work. We then consider the kinds of processes people must apply to solve these problems. Additionally, we describe certain organizational variables that might help or hinder effective application of these processes. ' Some conclusions-are drawn concerning how these variables act to influence creative problem solving at work. The implications of these observations for future research are discussed.
Effect of dietary calcium and vitamin D3 levels on egg production and egg shell quality of hy-line brown-egg type laying hens.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of calcium and vitamin D3 on egg production, egg shell quality and some blood parameters of laying hens. A total number of 240 hens (Hy-Line Brown-egg type) from 24 to 40 weeks of age were randomly divided into sixteen experimental treatments; 15 hens each. Each treatment was subdivided into five replicates, (three hens each). The experimental design consisted of a 4 X 4 factorial arrangement with four levels of Ca (3.25, 3.50, 3.75 and 4.00 %) and four levels of vitamin D3 (2500, 3000, 3500 and 4000IU /kg diet) . Results obtained indicate the following: 1 Increased dietary Ca levels up to 4% showed the highest insignificant value of egg production, egg weight and egg mass during the whole experimental period. However, hens fed 4% Ca showed significantly (P<0.01) the highest values of egg production and egg mass (86.73%and56.69g) respectively from 36 to 40 wk of age. Moreover, hens fed diets containing vitamin D3 at 3000 or 2500 IU /kg diet showed significantly(P<0.01) the highest values of egg production( 76.55 % and 84.61% )during 32 to 36 wk and 36 to 40 wk of age period, respectively. In addition, hens fed diets containing 4% Ca with 4000 vitamin D3 IU /kg diet showed significantly (P<0.01) the highest value of egg mass (58.65g) during 36 to 40 wk of age period . 2 Hens fed diets containing 3.75,4.00,3.50 and 4.00% Ca recorded significantly (P<0.01) higher values of feed consumption during the period 24 to 28 wk, 28 to 32 wk , 32 to 36 wk and 36 to 40 wk of age, respectively compared with hens fed 3.25% dietary Ca level. The interactions between dietary levels of Ca and vitamin D3 had significant (P<0.01) effect on feed consumption during the different interval periods and the whole experimental period.
Emotion has no impact on attention in a change detection flicker task

Past research provides conflicting findings regarding the influence of emotion on visual attention. Early studies suggested a broadening of attentional resources in relation to positive mood. However, more recent evidence indicates that positive emotions may not have a beneficial impact on attention, and that the relationship between emotion and attention may be mitigated by factors such as task demand or stimulus valence. The current study explored the effect of emotion on attention using the change detection flicker paradigm. Participants were induced into positive, neutral, and negative mood states and then completed a change detection task. A series of neutral scenes were presented and participants had to identify the location of a disappearing item in each scene. The change was made to the center or the periphery of each scene and it was predicted that peripheral changes would be detected quicker in the positive mood condition and slower in the negative mood condition, compared to the neutral condition. In contrast to previous findings emotion had no influence on attention and whilst central changes were detected faster than peripheral changes, change blindness was not affected by mood. The findings suggest that the relationship between emotion and visual attention is influenced by the characteristics of a task, and any beneficial impact of positive emotion may be related to processing style rather than a “broadening” of attentional resources.
Measurement of cervical biometry using transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting preterm labor

Context: Preterm delivery is associated with high perinatal mortality and morbidity. Although detection of fetal fibronectin in cervical can predict preterm labor, but it is not available in lower source setting area. So, cervical length measurement by ultrasound can be used as an alternative to fetal fibronectin for predicting preterm labor. Aims: To find out the effectiveness of assessment of cervical length by endovaginal ultrasonography in predicting preterm delivery. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in the infertility clinic of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry from January 2010 to July 2011. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 women with singleton gestation were studied with transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) to assess the cervical changes (cervical length, dilation of internal os, presence of funneling) between 22 weeks and 24 weeks of gestation. The gestational age at delivery in women with cervical length with ≥25 mm were compared with those of <25 mm. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test. The P value is <0.001 which is statistically significant. Results: The mean cervical length in the study population was 33.16 mm. 16 women had cervical length <25 mm at mid trimesters can out of which 13 (40.62%) went for spontaneous preterm delivery. The relative risk of preterm delivery increased as the length of the cervix decreased. The P value is <0.001 which is statistically significant. A significant difference was found between multigravida at risk of preterm being 62.5% compared to primigravida which was 37.5%. Conclusions: The risk of spontaneous preterm delivery is increased in women who are found to have a short cervix by TVS during pregnancy and it is a sensitive, simple and cost effective method of assessing risk of preterm delivery.
Gender and Written Academic Discourse: Hedges and Boosters in Education Conference Papers

The paper seeks to extend research on gender differences in spoken discourse into the domain of written academic discourse. A corpus of 78 conference papers written by education researchers for a conference in Australia in 2001 was examined to determine whether there were significant differences in the use of hedges and boosters. It was found that male authors were more likely to use boosters although there was no significant difference in the frequency of hedges. It was noted, however, that men were more likely to use the less common and women the more common hedges. Collaboration and first author effects were also observed.
Performance of the New Turbine Mid-Level Critical Care Ventilators

BACKGROUND: During recent years, ventilators using turbines as flow-generating systems have become increasingly more relevant. This bench study was designed to compare triggering and pressurization of 7 turbine mid-level ICU ventilators. METHODS: We used a dual-chamber lung model to test 7 mid-level ICU ventilators in pressure support mode with levels of 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O with 2 PEEP levels of 5 cm H2O and the minimum level allowed by the ventilator. A ventilator was connected to the master chamber to simulate 2 different effort levels. Pressure drop, trigger delay time, time to minimum pressure, and pressure time products (PTP) during trigger and the first 300 and 500 ms were analyzed. RESULTS: In the trigger evaluation, the Savina had the highest delay time, whereas the C2, the V60, and the Trilogy had the lowest pressure drops and PTP values in both effort levels. In pressurization capacity assessment using ideal PTP300 and PTP500 percentages, the C2 and the V680 had the best results, and the Carina and the Savina had lower values, with no differences between both effort levels. Differences between PEEP levels did not seem to be relevant. CONCLUSIONS: Pressure support mode for tested ventilators worked properly, but pressurization capacity and trigger function performance were clearly superior in the newest machines. The use of PEEP did not modify the results.
Effect of Sperm Concentration and Site of Insemination on Conception Rate of Rabbits

A total number of 16 sexual mature bucks and 190 monoparous do of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were used in two experiments. The first experiment aimed to evaluate some reproductive traits of NZW rabbit bucks by conventional techniques. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina and evaluated for semen volume (ml); Individual advanced-sperm motility (%); sperm-cell concentration (x10 6 sperm/ ml); the percentages of dead spermatozoa; total-sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damages. Evaluated pooled semen samples were divided into two homogeneous parts then diluted 1: 5 (45.4x10 6 / 0.5ml) and 1:10 (22.52x10 6 / 0.5ml) with glucose yolk citrate diluent. While the second one was designed to measure the length of the ten slaughtered NZW rabbit doses vaginal tracts. In case of fertility traits, 180 monoparous rabbit does were divided into six comparable experimental groups (30 each) and were inseminated artificially. The pipettes of insemination were guided carefully into vaginal tract to depth of 4, 8 or 12 cm with two dilution rates (1:5 and 1:10) to give finally 6 experimental groups. conception, kindling rate and litter size at birth were recorded. The obtained results revealed that 1:5 dilution rates showed the highest significant (P≤0.01) physical semen characteristics compared to 1:10 dilution rate. Results of second experiment were reported that: the average length of the vaginal tract in 10 females was 14.5 to 19.5 cm. Generally, semen dilution rate at 1:5 (33.520x106 motile spermatozoa/ 0.5 ml diluted semen); resulted high significant (P<0.05) conception and kindling rates. These results were significantly (P<0.05) superior than results of semen at dilution rate 1:10 (16.760x106 motile spermatozoa/ 0.5 ml diluted semen). Similarly, the conception rate was increased significantly (P<0.05), where the insemination catheter deeply deposits diluted semen into vaginal tract to depth 12 cm, giving better conception and kindling rates than in the case of 4 or 8 cm while litter size at birth was non-significant in both different concentration and insemination site. It could be concluded that, rabbit does inseminated artificially are affected by sperm cell concentration and site of insemination. Increasing in number of spermatozoa (45.04×106/ 0.5 ml) in dilution rate 1:5 and deposit inter vagina at 12 cm improved conception and kindling rates while litter size was not affected.
Silencing in Arabidopsis T-DNA Transformants: The Predominant Role of a Gene-Specific RNA Sensing Mechanism versus Position Effects

Pronounced variability of transgene expression and transgene silencing are commonly observed among independent plant lines transformed with the same construct. Single-copy T-DNA lines harboring reporter genes of various kind and number under the control of a strong promoter were established in Arabidopsis thaliana for a comprehensive analysis of transgene expression. Characterization of 132 independent transgenic lines revealed no case of silencing as a result of site of T-DNA integration. Below a certain number of identical transgenes in the genome, gene copy number and expression were positively correlated. Expression was high, stable over all generations analyzed, and of a comparable level among independent lines harboring the same copy number of a particular transgene. Conversely, RNA silencing was triggered if the transcript level of a transgene surpassed a gene-specific threshold. Transcript level–mediated silencing effectively accounts for the pronounced transgene expression variability seen among transformants. It is proposed that the RNA sensing mechanism described is a genome surveillance system that eliminates RNA corresponding to excessively transcribed genes, including transgenes, and so plays an important role in genome defense.
A Comparison Between Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone for Vomiting Prophylaxis After Tonsillectomy in Inpatient Children: A Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND:The frequent incidence of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy, in addition to the occurrence of severe pain, may delay postoperative oral intake and lead to increased risk of dehydration. Thus, prophylactic therapy is indicated in this high-risk group. Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone and methylprednisolone, have anti-inflammatory and antiemetic properties with dexamethasone being frequently used. We hypothesized that methylprednisolone should be noninferior to dexamethasone for the prevention of vomiting in children after tonsillectomy. METHODS:We designed a randomized double-blind trial to compare the efficacy of a single prophylactic dose of 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone with a dose of 2.5 mg/kg methylprednisolone on the incidence of postoperative vomiting during the first 24 hours (primary outcome) in children undergoing total or partial tonsillectomy with a noninferiority margin set at 9%. One hundred sixty children undergoing total or partial tonsillectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive either IV dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg (n = 79) or methylprednisolone 2.5 mg/kg (n = 81) after induction of anesthesia. Secondary analysis of all studied outcomes was also performed according to the type of surgery. RESULTS:An intention-to-treat analysis showed an overall incidence of vomiting of 30% in the dexamethasone group and of 22% in the methylprednisolone group (difference: 8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5% to 21%). A per protocol analysis showed an incidence of vomiting of 32% and 23%, respectively (difference: 9%, and 95% CI of the difference: −5 to 23%, Psup = 0.28). The time and quality of oral intake and the duration of IV hydration, as well as pain and satisfaction scores and the need for analgesics, were similar between the 2 groups. The incidence of vomiting was also similar in patients who had total versus partial tonsillectomy; however, time to first oral intake, duration of IV hydration, and the need for analgesics were less with better satisfaction scores in partial versus total tonsillectomy patients. CONCLUSION:Methylprednisolone is at worst 5% less effective than dexamethasone by the intention-to-treat analysis, and by the per protocol analysis. Thus, it is noninferior to dexamethasone in preventing vomiting after tonsillectomy in children.
Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Mortality among Petroleum Refinery Workers: A Poisson Regression Analysis of Updated Data

The authors investigated the relationship between asbestos exposure and respiratory cancer mortality among maintenance workers and other blue-collar workers at an Italian oil refinery. The cohort contained 931 men, 29,511 person-years, and 489 deaths. Poisson regression analysis using white-collar workers as an internal referent group provided relative risk estimates (RRs) for main causes of death, adjusted for age, age at hiring, calendar period, length of exposure, and latency. Among maintenance workers, RRs for all tumors (RR = 1.50), digestive system cancers (RR = 1.41), lung cancers (RR = 1.53), and nonmalignant respiratory diseases (RR = 1.71) were significantly increased (p 0.05); no significant excess was found for all causes and among maintenance (RR = 1.12) and other blue-collar workers (RR - 1.01). Results confirm the increased risk of death from respiratory diseases and cancer among maintenance workers exposed to asbestos, whereas other smoking-related diseases (circulatory system) were not statistically different among groups.
Fault tolerant and mobility aware routing protocol for mobile wireless sensor network

As the wireless sensor network has made its steps in mobility based applications like health monitoring, wildlife monitoring, search and rescue, it is desirable to have a reliable routing protocol to deal with the routing issues of mobile sensor nodes and battery is also the main constraint for sensor nodes so routing protocol should be energy efficient. Existing approaches for routing in Cluster Based Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) considered nodes equipped with GPS for getting its location and delay in joining the mobile node that get out of the cluster in joining new cluster is high. Also the routing between cluster heads is not discussed in existing approaches. So in this study, the fault tolerant routing protocol has been proposed that achieve fault tolerance of cluster heads while routing and mobility management of mobile sensor nodes to reduce packet loss during data transmission in MWSN.
Investigation of drift dynamics and injection stability of high-current electron beam with picosecond resolution

The stability of the injection of short electron beams and the dynamic processes that occur during their transport were experimentally studied. Beams of energy 200–300 keV, current 1–1500 A, and duration 0.05–3 ns with a current rise time of 30–300 ps were formed in a cold-cathode electrode gaps. For measuring beam currents special collector probes were used which ensured a picosecond resolution.
Data teams for school improvement

The use of data for educational decision making has never been more prevalent. However, teachers and school leaders need support in data use. Support can be provided by means of professional development in the form of “data teams”. This study followed the functioning of 4 data teams over a period of 2 years, applying a qualitative case study design. The findings show that data use is not a linear process, and that teams go through different feedback loops to reach higher levels of depth of inquiry. The data team procedure is a promising way of enhancing data-based decision making in schools.
Symbol-level detection: A new approach to silencing hidden terminals

Hidden terminals are typical interference sources that can significantly reduce the throughput of a wireless network if it adopts the CSMA/CA MAC protocol. The RTS/CTS mechanism is a well-known solution to this hidden terminal problem. However, it only works well under the assumption that all hidden terminals can decode the CTS packets correctly. In the real world, the CTS packets might not be correctly received all the time due to either the CTS packets are unable to be decoded at remote hidden terminals or the CTS packets are collided with other packets at the hidden terminals. Both of these drawbacks can make the standard RTS/CTS mechanism fail to silence all hidden terminals, and deteriorate the throughput of the wireless network. In this paper, we present the RTS/S-CTS mechanism, a novel symbol-level detection mechanism that combats these two drawbacks. The RTS/S-CTS frames make slight changes to the standard RTS/CTS frames, and can be compatible with the standard 802.11 MAC layer. We design the symbol-level detection decoder (SLDD) and NAV decision algorithm that enable the S-CTS frame to be correctly detected from collisions and by remote hidden terminals. We build a testbed of RTS/S-CTS with GNURadio/USRP2 software radio to demonstrate its feasibility and run ns-2 simulations to evaluate its performance. The results show that the RTS/S-CTS can achieve up to 63% throughput improvement in the random topology network scenario compared with the standard RTS/CTS.
Sandwich panel construction

The structural panel is composed of two outer layers and a core placed between the outer layers, upper (1, 11) and the lower (2, 12). The core is a grid of four-sided cells formed by lapped bars. The lower layer (2, 12) has formed at the periphery the side walls divergent upwards, finished flat flange (3, 13) tightly connected to the upper layer (1, 11). The bars forming the grid have a layered structure comprising an odd number of firmly combined component layers, in particular from three to seven, each of which is connected by the narrow surfaces to the upper layer (1, 11) and lower layer (2, 12) together with the side layers, wherein the outer component layers (5, 15) have the stiffness greater than the associated component of the intermediate layer (6, 16).
SELF-ESTEEM AND JOB PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF SELF-ESTEEM CONTINGENCIES

Although theoretical perspectives suggest self-esteem level (i.e., high/low) should have main and moderating effects on job performance, empirical and narrative reviews of the literature suggest such effects are either nonexistent or highly variable. To account for these mixed findings, we hypothesized that self-esteem level should only have main and moderating effects on job performance when one's self-esteem is not contingent upon workplace performance. Using multisource ratings across 2 samples of working adults, we found that the importance of performance to self-esteem (IPSE) moderated the effect of self-esteem level on job performance and moderated the buffering interaction between self-esteem level and role conflict in the prediction of job performance. Our results thus support IPSE as an important moderator of both main and moderating effects of self-esteem level.