Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reading and communication skills after universal newborn screening for permanent childhood hearing impairment

Background: Birth in periods with universal newborn screening (UNS) for permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) and early confirmation of PCHI have been associated with superior subsequent language ability in children with PCHI. However their effects on reading and communication skills have not been addressed in a population-based study. Methods: In a follow-up study of a large birth cohort in southern England, we measured reading by direct assessment and communication skills by parent report in 120 children with bilateral moderate, severe or profound PCHI aged 5.4–11.7 years, of whom 61 had been born in periods with UNS, and in a comparison group of 63 children with normal hearing. Results: Compared with birth during periods without UNS, birth during periods with UNS was associated with better reading scores (inter-group difference 0.39 SDs, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.76, p = 0.042) and communication skills scores (difference 0.51 SDs, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.95, p = 0.026). Compared with later confirmation, confirmation of PCHI by age 9 months was also associated with better reading (difference 0.51 SDs, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.87, p = 0.006) and communication skills (difference 0.56 SDs, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.00, p = 0.013). In the children with PCHI, reading, communication and language ability were highly correlated (r = 0.62–0.84, p<0.001). Conclusion: Birth during periods with UNS and early confirmation of PCHI predict better reading and communication abilities at primary school age. These benefits represent functional gains of sufficient magnitude to be important in children with PCHI.
Towards Patient-Oriented Diabetes Care: Results from Two KORA Surveys in Southern Germany

Objective. This study aims to examine the relationship of diabetes care processes and patient outcomes with an expanded set of indicators regarding patient-oriented care delivery, such as treatment satisfaction, the quality of patient-physician relationship, and a wider range of patient outcomes such as self-management, health behaviour, disease-related burden, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Methods. The study population consisted of 486 participants with type 2 diabetes in two population-based follow-up surveys, conducted in 2003 to 2005 and 2006 to 2008 in Southern Germany. Data were self-reported and questionnaire-based, including the SF-12 for HRQL. Multiple regression models were used to identify associations between care processes and outcomes with adjustment for confounders. Results. Frequent medical examinations increased the likelihood of self-monitoring activities, such as foot care. A positive patient experienced relationship with their physician is associated with higher adherence to medical recommendations, such as medication intake, and the score of the SF-12 mental component. Participants with diabetes-related complications reported higher levels of medical examinations and multiprofessional care. Conclusions. Indicators of patient-oriented care should become an indispensable part of diabetes clinical practice guidelines with the aim of striving for more effective support of patients.
Counseling Latinos and la familia: A Practical Guide

Preface Acknowledgments PART I. OVERVIEW 1. Understanding Latino Perspectives: The Multicultural Counseling Competencies 2. Understanding Latino Families: Historical and Sociopolitical Multicultural Contexts 3. Understanding Latino Families From Multiple Contexts: Essential Frames of Reference 4. Understanding Latino Families: Redefining Their Diversity 5. Understanding Latino Families in Transition PART II. COUNSELING ISSUES AND INTERVENTION 6. Initial Stage of the Counseling Process: Issues and Alternative Strategies 7. The Middle and Last Stages of Counseling 8. Latino Family Counseling: Models of Helping 9. Future Directions Appendix A: Selected Measures of Acculturation Appendix B: Glossary of Terms Appendix C: Culture-Centered Clinical Interview Appendix D: Selected Bibliotherapy Resources References Index About the Authors
Identifying the true oysters (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) with mitochondrial phylogeny and distance‐based DNA barcoding

Oysters (family Ostreidae), with high levels of phenotypic plasticity and wide geographic distribution, are a challenging group for taxonomists and phylogenetics. As a useful tool for molecular species identification, DNA barcoding might offer significant potential for oyster identification and taxonomy. This study used two mitochondrial fragments, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and the large ribosomal subunit (16S rDNA), to assess whether oyster species could be identified by phylogeny and distance‐based DNA barcoding techniques. Relationships among species were estimated by the phylogenetic analyses of both genes, and then pairwise inter‐ and intraspecific genetic divergences were assessed. Species forming well‐differentiated clades in the molecular phylogenies were identical for both genes even when the closely related species were included. Intraspecific variability of 16S rDNA overlapped with interspecific divergence. However, average intra‐ and interspecific genetic divergences for COI were 0–1.4% (maximum 2.2%) and 2.6–32.2% (minimum 2.2%), respectively, indicating the existence of a barcoding gap. These results confirm the efficacy of species identification in oysters via DNA barcodes and phylogenetic analysis.
TLA in Pictures

Predicate-action diagrams, which are similar to standard state-transition diagrams, are precisely defined as formulas of TLA (the Temporal Logic of Actions). We explain how these diagrams can be used to describe aspects of a specification-and those descriptions then proved correct-even when the complete specification cannot be written as a diagram. We also use the diagrams to illustrate proofs. >
Neurological and developmental problems in pediatric HIV infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurologic disease, known as "HIV-1-associated progressive encephalopathy" (PE), is a common concomitant in the progression towards AIDS. PE, characterized by a triad of symptoms including impaired brain growth, progressive motor dysfunction, and loss or plateau of developmental milestones, is believed to result from both direct and indirect effects of HIV-1 infection on the central nervous system (CNS). Consequent to the hallmark systemic immune deficiency of HIV infection, the CNS becomes susceptible to opportunistic infections which add further morbidity and mortality, and may contribute either directly or indirectly to neurologic symptoms which can often mimic PE. Static encephalopathies (SE) represent fixed, nonprogressive neurologic or neurodevelopmental deficits in HIV-infected children. SE may or may not be caused by HIV infection but are often associated with such identifiable insults as prematurity, in utero exposure to toxins or infectious agents, or head trauma. Additional neurological manifestations of HIV infection are seizures, cerebrovascular complications (i.e., stroke), myelopathies, neuromuscular syndromes, and CNS complications of opportunistic infections. Neurobehavioral aberrations have also been observed in pediatric HIV infection. In addition to the neuropathogenesis, theories regarding the timing and detection of the neurological problems associated with pediatric HIV infection are discussed along with a presentation of current treatment paradigms and their rationales. The importance of identifying the numerous environmental factors, including nutritional status, that may confound the ability to discriminate between a primary or secondary role of HIV infection in the various neurological problems of HIV infection is discussed.
Evaluating classification power of linked admission data sources with text mining

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in developed countries. This paper presents a text mining system using Support Vector Machines for detecting lung cancer admissions. Performance of the system using different clinical data sources is evaluated. We use radiology reports as an initial data source and add other sources, such as pathology reports, patient demographic information and hospital admission information. Results show that mining over linked data sources significantly improves classification performance with a maximum F-Score improvement of 0.057.
The Use of Pulmonary Artery Catheter in Sepsis Patients: A Literature Review

This article was to review the literature regarding the use of the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) in the management of patients with sepsis and septic shock. A PubMed search was conducted in order to identify publications evaluating the use of PAC as a tool for management and therapeutic guidance in patients with sepsis. The bibliographies of all identified publications were reviewed for additional relevant references. Much information is identified in the literature regarding the indications for pulmonary artery catheterization in the assessment and treatment of patients with sepsis. Although the PAC has been widely used for many years, there is no clear benefit with regard to outcome, and there is controversy regarding its use. It is not clear that use of the PAC contributes to reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. The role of the PAC is becoming less clear, as newer, non-invasive techniques are developed for hemodynamic assessment of sepsis patients. Large, well-designed clinical trials are needed to better assess the role and potential benefit from use of the PAC in sepsis.
Aspects of Validity in Large-Scale Programs of Student Assessment

Large-scale programs of student assessment have increased in number and scope over the last two decades. Their approaches were largely derived from the technology developed for standardized achievement testing in the United States. Because large-scale assessment purposes are more extensive than testing purposes, the validity issues are more complex. This article explores what those differences are in such areas as item types, administration, interpretation, and standards. It concludes with some recommendations concerning the questions that need to be addressed if large-scale assessments are to accomplish their varied goals adequately.
On building better construct measures: Implications of a general hierarchical model

Four problems occur in the scale development process: (a) defining the construct, (b) drawing items from multiple domains, (c) identifying dimensions, and (d) showing nomological validity. In order to minimize these problems, the authors propose a general hierarchical model (GHM) that provides an organizational structure for placing many of the individual difference constructs used in marketing and consumer behavior. Three principles, which were derived from the GHM, add to the current scale development paradigm: (a) Define and test the construct within a hierarchical network that includes antecedents and consequences, (b) define and test the construct's dimensionality, and (c) match the construct's items to its level in the hierarchical system. By using these steps in scale development, researchers can build more precise measures possessing higher levels of validity and reliability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Basic Psychological Needs Thwarting and Shift in Quality of Motivation: Markers of Exhaustion in Professional Sport Coaches.

Using a qualitative retrospective approach, this paper investigates how some work-related demands led to burnout among four professional coaches. Self-determination theory (SDT) offered a sound theoretical framework to better understand the motivational process leading to serious negative outcomes (Ryan & Deci, 2002). Findings indicated that all coaches experienced working in a maladaptive environment, exemplified by experiencing very heavy workloads, a lack of leader support, and work-related conflicts. These experiences had a detrimental effect on the coaches' motivation. Psychological need thwarting and a shift towards a more controlled form of motivation explained why coaches became increasingly at risk for burning out, a process that evolved over time. All four coaches experienced a wide range of burnout symptoms. Findings from this study highlight the importance for sports organizations to better cater for the psychological needs of professional coaches to prevent burnout.
GramSchmidt Neural Nets

A new type of feedforward multilayer neural net is proposed that exhibits fast convergence properties. It is defined by inserting a fast adaptive Gram-Schmidt preprocessor at each layer, followed by a conventional linear combiner-sigmoid part which is adapted by a fast version of the backpropagation rule. The resulting network structure is the multilayer generalization of the gradient adaptive lattice filter and the Gram-Schmidt adaptive array.
A Mention-Synchronous Coreference Resolution Algorithm Based On the Bell Tree

This paper proposes a new approach for coreference resolution which uses the Bell tree to represent the search space and casts the coreference resolution problem as finding the best path from the root of the Bell tree to the leaf nodes. A Maximum Entropy model is used to rank these paths. The coreference performance on the 2002 and 2003 Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) data will be reported. We also train a coreference system using the MUC6 data and competitive results are obtained.
PENGARUH AKTIVITAS BERMAIN MENGGUNAKAN PLAYDOUGH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA ANAK

The research problem was children low fine motoric skill aged 4-5 years old in Dharma Wanita Kindergarten Kecamatan Pesisir Utara Kabupaten Pesisir barat. This study aimed to determine the influence of play activities by using playdough toward children fine motoric skills. The study was using Pre-Experimental method with One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling. Data were collected by observation and documentation. Data were analyzed by using cross tables and simple linear regression analysis. The study results showed that there was an influenced between play activity by using playdough toward fine motoric skills. It was evidenced by the increasing of 4-5 years old children fine motor skill in Dharma Wanita Kindergarten, Kecamatan Pesisir Utara, Kabupaten Peisisir Barat, as much as 4 to 5 per meeting improvement indicators. Masalah penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan motorik halus pada anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK Dharma Wanita Kecamatan Pesisir Utara Kabupaten Pesisir Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas bermain menggunakan playdough terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pre-Experimental dengan desain One Grup Pretest-Posttes . Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi atau pedoman observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data silang dan analisis uji regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara aktivitas bermain menggunakan playdough terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak, dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus pada anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK Dharma Wanita Kecamatan Pesisir Utara Kabupaten Pesisir Barat sebanyak 4-5 capain indikator setiap pertemuan. Kata k unci : aktivitas bermain, playdough,kemampuan motorik halus.
Stress during Adolescence Alters Palatable Food Consumption in a Context-Dependent Manner

Food consumption and preferences may be shaped by exposure to stressful environments during sensitive periods in development, and even small changes in consumption can have important effects on long term health. Adolescence is increasingly recognized as a sensitive period, in which adverse experiences can alter development, but the specific programming effects that may occur during adolescence remain incompletely understood. The current study seeks to explore the effects of stress during late adolescence on consumption of a palatable, high-fat, high-sugar food in adulthood—under basal conditions, as well following acute stress. Male Long-Evans rats were exposed to a regimen of variable stress for seven days in late adolescence (PND 45–51). During the stress regimen, stressed animals gained significantly less weight than control animals, but weight in adulthood was unaffected by adolescent stress. Palatable food consumption differed between experimental groups, and the direction of effect depended on context; stressed rats ate significantly more palatable food than controls upon first exposure, but ate less following an acute stressor. Leptin levels and exploratory behaviors did not differ between stressed and non-stressed groups, suggesting that other factors regulate preference for a palatable food. Altered food consumption following adolescent stress suggests that rats remain sensitive to stress during late adolescence, and that adult feeding behavior may be affected by previous adverse experiences. Such programming effects highlight adolescence as a period of plasticity, with the potential to shape long term food consumption patterns and preferences.
Global Software Development: Are Architectural Rules the Answer?

Global software development (GSD) faces additional challenges as compared to single-site software development. Some of the better known challenges include temporal, geographical, and socio-cultural differences. To overcome these challenges, organizations need to revert to measures in order to deliver software in time in a distributed setting. Some of these measures may exist in the form of architectural rules: principles and statements on the software architecture that must be complied with throughout the organization. From the GSD literature we distilled four main GSD challenges and seven sub-challenges, or issues. For each issue, we list possible solutions and observe that solutions to GSD challenges may be obtained by adhering to architectural rules. We present a study on how two organizations involved in GSD solve the GSD challenges and issues. One of the organizations mainly uses rules regulating the architecture of the product. The other organization does not emphasize these architectural rules but rather focuses on the joint team effort in establishing and committing to measures that mainly pertain to the architecture process. We conclude that rules regulating a combination of both proves valuable in handling GSD challenges.
FLT3 and NPM1 mutations in Chinese patients with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics

Mutations of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and nucleophosmin (NPM1) exon 12 genes are the most common abnormalities in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with normal cytogenetics. To assess the prognostic impact of the two gene mutations in Chinese AML patients, we used multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis to screen 76 AML patients with normal cytogenetics for mutations in FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) and exon 12 of the NPM1 gene. FLT3/ITD mutation was detected in 15 (19.7%) of 76 subjects, and NPM1 mutation in 20 (26.3%) subjects. Seven (9.2%) cases were positive for both FLT3/ITD and NPM1 mutations. Significantly more FLT3/ITD aberration was detected in subjects with French-American-British (FAB) M1 (42.8%). NPM1 mutation was frequently detected in subjects with M5 (47.1%) and infrequently in subjects with M2 (11.1%). FLT3 and NPM1 mutations were significantly associated with a higher white blood cell count in peripheral blood and a lower CD34 antigen expression, but not age, sex, or platelet count. Statistical analysis revealed that the FLT3/ITDpositive group had a lower complete remission (CR) rate (53.3% vs. 83.6%). Survival analysis showed that the FLT3/ITD-positive/NPM1 mutation-negative group had worse overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The FLT3/ITD-positive/NPM1 mutation-positive group showed a trend towards favorable survival compared with the FLT3/ITD-positive/NPM1 mutation-negative group (P=0.069). Our results indicate that the FLT3/ITD mutation might be a prognostic factor for an unfavorable outcome in Chinese AML subjects with normal cytogenetics, while NPM1 mutation may be a favorable prognostic factor for OS and RFS in the presence of FLT3/ITD.
GERENCIAMENTO DE RESULTADOS CONTÁBEIS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS PESQUISAS REALIZADAS NO BRASIL ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2000 E 2009

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo que visou analisar as pesquisas realizadas no Brasil sobre a pratica do gerenciamento de resultados contabeis (earnings management) publicadas entre os anos de 2000 e 2009. Nesse sentido, foram analisados os artigos publicados sobre o tema nos dez principais periodicos das areas de Administracao e de Contabilidade do pais. As analises foram realizadas por meio de estatistica descritiva e por analises bibliometricas e de redes sociais (sociometricas). Os principais resultados obtidos foram: (a) ha um grande aumento do numero de pesquisas publicadas sobre o topico nos ultimos anos (80% dos artigos foram publicados entre 2007 e 2009); (b) ha uma alta centralizacao da producao em apenas tres autores (responsaveis por mais de 45% da producao analisada); e (c) as redes de cooperacao existentes entre os pesquisadores sao pouco extensas, dispersas e sem lacos entre si. Palavras-chave: Gerenciamento de Resultados Contabeis; Analise Bibliometrica; Analise de redes sociais. ABSTRACT This papers aims at presenting a research that analyzed the published studies developed in Brazil about the earnings management between 2000 and 2009. So, it was realized a study of published papers of the ten main journals in Portuguese of the areas of Management and Accounting. The analysis was accomplished by descriptive statistics and bibliometrics and social networks analysis. The main results of the research were: (a) an increase in the number of researches about the studied issue (about 80% of the analyzed papers were published between 2007 and 2009); (b) a high centralization in the papers' production (only three authors were responsible for more than 45% of the analyzed papers); and (c) the cooperation among the researchers is very weak, with small-sized and disperse networks without connections among them. Keywords : Earnings management; Bibliometrics analysis; Social networks analysis.
‘They should hire the one with the best score’: White sensitivity to qualification differences in affirmative action hiring decisions

Abstract This paper uses innovative survey questions from the 1998 Detroit Area Study to examine how whites communicate their views about racial matters across three affirmative action hiring scenarios. Results suggest that most whites prefer explanations for not hiring blacks based on the abstract and decontextualized application of the principles of liberalism. Justifications that were initially offered emphasizing qualification thresholds, broad criteria, and contextual concerns, usually in support of hiring the black applicant, were largely withdrawn when the scenario was changed from one with equal scores to one with scores slightly favouring the white applicant. Concrete and contextualized concerns about workforce homogeneity and the slightness of score differences were raised in a conciliatory manner when scores were equal, but then were seldom maintained when scores favoured the white candidate. Whites also more readily voiced opposition when the reason for hire was changed from ‘diversity’ to ‘make up for past discrimination’, offering ‘reasonable’ responses about ‘the past is the past’ that don't deny concrete historical events, but dismiss their connection to today's racial order. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the language of universalism and minimization of racism allow most whites to communicate their views about affirmative action using rhetorical strategies that seem reasonable and moral.