Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When do Men Perceive that 'No' Means 'Yes'?: Effects of Alcohol and Men's Expectancies of Intoxicated Women's Sexual Desire and Vulnerability on Sexual Aggression

This study examined the independent and interactive effects of acute alcohol consumption, perceived alcohol consumption of a female confederate, and distal alcohol expectancies of intoxicated women, on sexual aggression. Participants were a diverse community sample (54% African-American) of heterosexual males (N = 156) between 21 and 35 years of age who were recruited to complete the study with a male friend and an ostensibly single, heterosexual female who reported a strong dislike of sexual content in the media. Sexual aggression was measured utilizing a well-validated laboratory paradigm in which participants viewed a sexually explicit or non-sexually explicit video clip as part of a contrived media rating task and made individual choices of which video clip to show the female confederate. Sexual aggression was operationalized as selection of the sexually explicit video, as opposed to the nonsexually explicit video. Results demonstrated that acute alcohol consumption, perceived female alcohol consumption, and distal alcohol expectancies of women’s vulnerability to sexual coercion and sexual drive while intoxicated, were not significantly related to sexual aggression utilizing the current paradigm. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the primary predictor variables were significantly related to participants’ perceived distress of a female confederate following an act of sexual aggression. Discussion focused on understanding what factors may have been relevant in understanding why the primary predictor variables were not significantly related to sexual aggression utilizing the current paradigm. Finally, clinical implications were explored in addressing a lack of perceived distress in potential female victims by individuals who endorsed higher levels of distal alcohol expectancies of intoxicated women’s vulnerability to sexual coercion and what potential interventions be utilized clinically. INDEX WORDS: Sexual aggression, Violence, Alcohol-related aggression, Alcohol expectancies, Laboratory sexual aggression WHEN DO MEN PERCEIVE THAT ‘NO’ MEANS ‘YES’? : EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND MEN’S EXPECTANCIES OF INTOXICATED WOMEN’S SEXUAL DESIRE AND VULNERABILITY ON SEXUAL AGGRESSION
Dignity: The voice of older people

This paper reports the findings of 89 focus groups and 18 individual interviews (involving 391 older people in 6 European countries) that were held to explore how older people view human dignity in their lives. Participants were all aged over 60 years and 25% were aged 80+ years. They were from a range of educational, social and economic backgrounds. 72% were women and 17% were living in residential or nursing homes.There was substantial agreement about the meaning and experience of dignity in older people's everyday lives. It was seen as a highly relevant and important concept, enhancing self‐esteem, self‐worth and well‐being. Three major themes were identified: respect and recognition; participation and involvement; and dignity in care.The theoretical model of human dignity developed in the project was reflected in many of the findings from the empirical data. Of particular importance and relevance was the notion of ‘dignity of personal identity’, not least because it is perhaps most vulnerable to the actions of others. Menschenwurde (expressed as the innate dignity of human beings) was also important.For dignity of older people to be enhanced, communication issues, privacy, personal identity and feelings of vulnerability need to be addressed. Education of all professionals should pay attention to practices that enhance or detract from the experience of dignity. Policies and standards need to go beyond the merely mechanistic and easily quantifiable, to identify meaningful qualitative indicators of dignity in care.
Eliciting Speech Act Data in Japanese: The Effect of Questionnaire Type

Speech act theory has greatly influenced both the study and teaching of language use; however, given its philosophical roots, it has been short on empirical support. In recent years numerous speech act studies have been conducted. In these studies, though, there has been little discussion of research methodology, specifically data collection techniques. This paper reports the results of a study (based on Rose, 1994), which addresses methodological validation in speech act research. We administered discourse-completion tests (DCTs) and multiple-choice questionnaires (MCQs), designed to elicit requests, to two groups of 36 Japanese female undergraduates. As with Rose (1994), there were significant differences in most situations (11 of 12), with those completing the MCQ choosing to opt out or hint more frequently than those completing the DCT. These results seem to indicate some serious problems with DCTs, which need to be addressed if they are to be used in speech act studies.
Needing to connect: The effect of self and others on young people's involvement with their mobile phones

Abstract The present research was a preliminary examination of young Australians' mobile phone behaviour. The study explored the relationship between, and psychological predictors of, frequency of mobile phone use and mobile phone involvement conceptualised as people's cognitive and behavioural interaction with their mobile phone. Participants were 946 Australian youth aged between 15 and 24 years. A descriptive measurement tool, the Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire, was developed. Self-identity and validation from others were explored as predictors of both types of mobile phone behaviour. A distinction was found between frequency of mobile phone use and mobile phone involvement. Only self-identity predicted frequency of use whereas both self-identity and validation from others predicted mobile phone involvement. These findings reveal the importance of distinguishing between frequency of use and people's psychological relationship with their phone and that factors relating to one's self-concept and .
A population-based study of ethnicity and breast cancer stage at diagnosis in Ontario.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer stage at diagnosis is an important predictor of survival. Our goal was to compare breast cancer stage at diagnosis (by American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria) in Chinese and South Asian women with stage at diagnosis in the remaining general population in Ontario. METHODS We used the Ontario population-based cancer registry to identify all women diagnosed with breast cancer during 2005-2010, and we applied a validated surname algorithm to identify South Asian and Chinese women. We used logistic regression to compare, for Chinese or South Asian women and for the remaining general population, the frequency of diagnoses at stage ii compared with stage i and stages ii-iv compared with stage i. RESULTS The registry search identified 1304 Chinese women, 705 South Asian women, and 39,287 women in the remaining general population. The Chinese and South Asian populations were younger than the remaining population (mean: 54, 57, and 61 years respectively). Adjusted for age, South Asian women were more often diagnosed with breast cancer at stage ii than at stage i [odds ratio (or): 1.28; 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.08 to 1.51] or at stages ii-iv than at stage i (or: 1.27; 95% ci: 1.08 to 1.48); Chinese women were less likely to be diagnosed at stage ii than at stage i (or: 0.82; 95% ci: 0.72 to 0.92) or at stages ii-iv than at stage i (or: 0.73; 95% ci: 0.65 to 0.82). CONCLUSIONS Breast cancers were diagnosed at a later stage in South Asian women and at an earlier stage in Chinese women than in the remaining population. A more detailed analysis of ethnocultural factors influencing breast screening uptake, retention, and care-seeking behavior might be needed to help inform and evaluate tailored health promotion activities.
Large Scale Analysis of Routine Dose Adjustments of Mycophenolate Mofetil Based on Global Exposure in Renal Transplant Patients

Background: We report a feasibility study based on our large-scale experience with mycophenolate mofetil dose adjustment based on mycophenolic acid interdose area under the curve (AUC) in renal transplant patients. Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, 13,930 requests for 7090 different patients (outside any clinical trial) were posted by more than 30 different transplantation centers on a free, secure web site for mycophenolate mofetil dose recommendations using three plasma concentrations and Bayesian estimation. Results: This retrospective study showed that 1) according to a consensually recommended 30- to 60-mg·h/L target, dose adjustment was needed for approximately 35% of the patients, 25% being underexposed with the highest proportion observed in the first weeks after transplantation; 2) when dose adjustment had been previously proposed, the subsequent AUC was significantly more often in the recommended range if the dose was applied than not at all posttransplantation periods (72-80% vs. 43-54%); and 3) the interindividual AUC variability in the “respected-dose” group was systematically lower than that in the “not respected-dose” group (depending on the posttransplantation periods; coefficient of variation %, 31-41% vs 49-70%, respectively). Further analysis suggested that mycophenolic acid AUC should best be monitored at least every 2 weeks during the first month, every 1 to 3 months between months 1 and 12, whereas in the stable phase, the odds to be still in the 30- to 60-mg·h/L range on the following visit was still 75% up to 1 year after the previous dose adjustment. Conclusion: This study showed that the monitoring of mycophenolate mofetil on the basis of AUC measurements is a clinically feasible approach, apparently acceptable by the patients, the nurses, and the physicians owing to its large use in routine clinics.
Subsoil nitrogen mineralisation and its potential to contribute to NH 4 accumulation in a

High concentrations of NH4 + (up to 270 kg N/ha) have been observed in a Vertosol below 1 m depth in south-east Queensland. This study examined the possibility that mineralisation associated with the removal of native vegetation (Acacia harpophylla) for cropping was responsible for the production of NH4 . Particularly, the potential contribution of decomposing root material and/or dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) leached into the subsoil after clearing was investigated. The amount of N that was contained within native vegetation root material was determined from an area of native vegetation adjacent to the cleared site containing elevated NH4 + concentrations. In addition, the amount of NH4 + that could be mineralised in the native vegetation soil was determined by monitoring NH4 + concentrations over 360 days in intact cores, and by conducting waterlogged incubations. To determine the rate at which a source of DON leached into the subsoil would mineralise, soil was amended with glutamic acid at a rate of 250 mg N/kg and placed under waterlogged incubation. The possibility that the acidic pH of the subsoil, or the lack of a significant subsoil microbial population, was inhibiting mineralisation was also examined by increasing soil pH from 4.4 to 7.0, and inoculating the subsoil with surface soil microorganisms during waterlogged incubations. Low concentrations of N, approximately 90 kg N/ha between 1.2 and 3 m, were found in the native vegetation root material. In addition, no net N mineralisation was observed in either the extended incubation of intact cores or in the control samples of the waterlogged incubations. Net N mineralisation was also not detected when the subsoil was amended with a source of organic N. Results indicate that this lack of mineralisation is largely due to pH inhibition of the microbial population. It is concluded that the mineralisation of either in situ organic material, or DON transported to the subsoil during leaching events, is unlikely to have significantly contributed to the subsoil NH4 accumulation at the study site. SR02038 Mi ne r al is at i on in a Ver t osol subsoi l K. L. Page etal Additional keywords: subsoil NH4.
MAPPIN'SDM – The Multifocal Approach to Sharing in Shared Decision Making

Background The wide scale permeation of health care by the shared decision making concept (SDM) reflects its relevance and advanced stage of development. An increasing number of studies evaluating the efficacy of SDM use instruments based on various sub-constructs administered from different viewpoints. However, as the concept has never been captured in operable core definition it is quite difficult to link these parts of evidence. This study aims at investigating interrelations of SDM indicators administered from different perspectives. Method A comprehensive inventory was developed mapping judgements from different perspectives (observer, doctor, patient) and constructs (behavior, perception) referring to three units (doctor, patient, doctor-patient-dyad) and an identical set of SDM-indicators. The inventory adopted the existing approaches, but added additional observer foci (patient and doctor-patient-dyad) and relevant indicators hitherto neglected by existing instruments. The complete inventory comprising a doctor-patient-questionnaire and an observer-instrument was applied to 40 decision consultations from 10 physicians from different medical fields. Convergent validities were calculated on the basis of Pearson correlation coefficients. Results Reliabilities for all scales were high to excellent. No correlations were found between observer and patients or physicians neither for means nor for single items. Judgements of doctors and patients were moderately related. Correlations between the observer scales and within the subjective perspectives were high. Inter-perspective agreement was not related to SDM performance or patient activity. Conclusion The study demonstrates the contribution to involvement made by each of the relevant perspectives and emphasizes the need for an inter-subjective approach regarding SDM measurement.
Sonographic assessment of fetal occiput position during the second stage of labor: how reliable is the transperineal approach?

Abstract Objective: To compare the accuracy of transperineal (TP) ultrasound with transabdominal (TA) approach in the sonographic assessment of fetal occiput position during the second stage of labour. Methods: A series of low-risk women at term attending the labour ward of three university hospitals were prospectively recruited for the purpose of this study. During the second stage of labor patients were evaluated first by TP and than by TA ultrasound to determine the fetal position. The occiput position was labelled as DOA (direct occiput anterior), ROA (right occiput anterior), LOA (left occiput anterior), DOP (direct occiput posterior), ROP (right occiput posterior), LOP (left occiput posterior), ROT (right occuput transverse) and LOT (left occiput transverse). The agreement between the two techniques was assessed. Results: Overall 80 patients were recruited in the study group. Ultrasound examination was performed at 21(±8) minutes from the beginning of the active pushing. The ultrasound findings of the fetal occiput position were recorded. In all cases TA ultrasound confirmed the fetal occiput position as determined at TP approach except in one case of ROA that had been recorded as ROT using TP ultrasound. Conclusions: Ultrasound TP examination is accurate in the diagnosis of fetal occiput position during the second stage of labor.
Is boredom associated with problem gambling behaviour? It depends on what you mean by ‘boredom’

The propensity to experience boredom is believed to be a predisposing factor for problem gambling; yet, a full understanding of this association is currently lacking. Some claim that gambling alleviates the under-arousal associated with boredom; others claim that gambling helps individuals avoid the negative affect associated with boredom. The purpose of the present study was to clarify this relationship. Two hundred and two undergraduate students completed measures of gambling, boredom, and sensitivity to punishment and reward. Results suggest individuals gamble in order to increase arousal, rather than to avoid the negative affect associated with boredom. Moreover, results also suggest that boredom is distinctly related to gambling problems, above and beyond its overlap with sensitivity to reward.
Green Data Centers: A Survey, Perspectives, and Future Directions

At present, a major concern regarding data centers is their extremely high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. However, because of the over-provisioning of resources, the utilization of existing data centers is, in fact, remarkably low, leading to considerable energy waste. Therefore, over the past few years, many research efforts have been devoted to increasing efficiency for the construction of green data centers. The goal of these efforts is to efficiently utilize available resources and to reduce energy consumption and thermal cooling costs. In this paper, we provide a survey of the state-of-the-art research on green data center techniques, including energy efficiency, resource management, thermal control and green metrics. Additionally, we present a detailed comparison of the reviewed proposals. We further discuss the key challenges for future research and highlight some future research issues for addressing the problem of building green data centers.
Urban vs. rural patients. Differences in stage and overall survival among patients treated surgically for lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION Besides the undoubted influence of risk factors on morbidity and survival time, there are also other environmental factors, such as awareness of the prevalence of risk factors and the availability of modern diagnosis and treatment methods. OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in lung cancer 5-year overall survival rates between urban and rural patients hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Medical University in Lublin, Poland, and possible influence of several risk factors on these rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analysis was based on 125 lung cancer patients who underwent surgical procedures in years 2006-2007 and who agreed to take part in the survey. The study aimed at recognition of the health situation and selected demographic traits of people who had been treated surgically for lung cancer. The differences were evaluated between rural and urban inhabitants in gender, age, lung function, smoking habits, exposure to risk factors at work, family history of cancer, staging of the disease, histological type of cancer, post-surgical treatment, and their possible influence on overall survival. RESULTS The results showed that the only noted differences between urban and rural population were in tobacco smoking and lung function. Survival rates were very similar and did not differ from the European average. CONCLUSIONS The assumption that Polish rural patients are presenting with later cancer stages at the time of diagnosis, and have worse chances for survival, has become invalid in modern times.
Everyday working life: Explaining within-person fluctuations in employee well-being

Even workers who are generally happy at work can suffer short-term losses of enthusiasm and fulfilment. Short-term fluctuations matter because they can better explain work-related well-being (e.g. work engagement, flow, positive affect or passion), employees’ relations with other people at work (e.g. co-workers, clients), life outside work, and ultimately productivity. This article reviews what we know about short-term variations in employee well-being and highlights new theoretical assumptions and results from the seven articles in this special issue. The articles identify key psychological mechanisms involved in explaining within-person changes in well-being, including the ways in which people appraise events at work, the importance of humour, the sense of hope, and the balance between skills and challenges. Interventions that offer leadership training and cultivate signature strengths at work can also be effective in enhancing employee well-being. Boosting short-term well-being can make a big difference to employees and organizations.
CPSC Staff Preliminary Evaluation of Drywall Chamber Test Results

1 Due to the interrelated nature of these investigations, these technical reports are being released in draft until the final results from further studies are available for interpretation. These studies are staff level documents and have not yet been reviewed or approved by the agencies participating in this investigatory effort. Executive Summary U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) staff contracted with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for measurement of chemical emissions from 30 samples of drywall products obtained as part of an investigation of imported (Chinese) drywall. In this report, non-Chinese drywall is referred to as North American or NA. The objectives of this preliminary evaluation are to: (1) Evaluate chemical emissions from Chinese drywall and from drywall from other sources (2) Identify the possible differences in chemical emissions between the two sources of drywall products (3) Evaluate the possible chemical exposures in homes that contain either of these two sources of drywall. The LBNL data contained measures for the following reactive sulfur compounds-hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, and carbonyl sulfide. CPSC staff used the LBNL reported emission rates in a mathematical model to estimate the concentrations of the chemicals in the indoor air of a home that might result from the presence of drywall. A simple one-zone model was used to estimate concentrations of reactive sulfur gases. The model accounted for factors, such as air exchange rate and room volume, which impact the concentrations of chemicals in the indoor air. It was assumed that the ceilings and walls of all rooms in the home were covered with drywall. In addition, the model includes reactive decay rates to account for the chemical reaction between the reactive gases and surfaces in the room, such as furniture and carpeting. There are a number of uncertainties that limit the ability of the model to accurately estimate the levels of sulfur gases in actual homes. The tested wallboard samples were from a warehouse, where the stacking may have limited emissions of the sulfur compounds during storage and increased the tested chamber emissions relative to drywall that had been installed in homes. The tested drywall samples were not painted or otherwise coated, which likely increased drywall emissions relative to drywall installed in a home. Homes may have drywall from multiple manufacturers and sources. There is a general lack of data on reactive decay rates for the sulfur gases. The decay …
Availability of recreational resources and physical activity in adults.

OBJECTIVES Using data from a large cohort of adults aged 45 to 84 years-old, we investigated whether availability of recreational resources is related to physical activity levels. METHODS Data from a multiethnic sample of 2723 adult residents of New York City, NY; Baltimore, Md; and Forsyth County, NC, were linked to data on locations of recreational resources. We measured the availability (density) of resources within 0.5 (0.8 km), 1, 2, and 5 miles of each participant's residence and used binomial regression to investigate associations of density with physical activity. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in the tertile of participants residing in areas with the highest density of resources were more likely to report physical activity during a typical week than were individuals in the lowest tertile. Associations between availability of recreational resources and physical activity levels were not present for the smallest area assessed (0.5 miles) but were present for areas ranging from 1 to 5 miles. These associations were slightly stronger among minority and low-income residents. CONCLUSIONS Availability of resources may be 1 of several environmental factors that influence individuals' physical activity behaviors.