Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting genotype combinations that increase risk for disease: Maternal‐Fetal genotype incompatibility test

Biological mechanisms that involve gene‐by‐environment interactions have been hypothesized to explain susceptibility to complex familial disorders. Current research provides compelling evidence that one environmental factor, which acts prenatally to increase susceptibility, arises from a maternal‐fetal genotype incompatibility. Because it is genetic in origin, a maternal‐fetal incompatibility is one possible source of an adverse environment that can be detected in genetic analyses and precisely studied, even years after the adverse environment was present. Existing statistical models and tests for gene detection are not optimal or even appropriate for identifying maternal‐fetal genotype incompatibility loci that may increase the risk for complex disorders. We describe a new test, the maternal‐fetal genotype incompatibility (MFG) test, that can be used with case‐parent triad data (affected individuals and their parents) to identify loci for which a maternal‐fetal genotype incompatibility increases the risk for disease. The MFG test adapts a log‐linear approach for case‐parent triads in order to detect maternal‐fetal genotype incompatibility at a candidate locus, and allows the incompatibility effects to be estimated separately from direct effects of either the maternal or the child's genotype. Through simulations of two biologically plausible maternal‐fetal genotype incompatibility scenarios, we show that the type‐I error rate of the MFG test is appropriate, that the estimated parameters are accurate, and that the test is powerful enough to detect a maternal‐fetal genotype incompatibility of moderate effect size. Genet Epidemiol 24:1–13, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Number-induced shifts in spatial attention: a replication study

In a spatial attention paradigm, Fischer et al. (2003) showed that merely perceiving a number shifted attention according to the magnitude of the number. Low numbers shifted attention to the left and high numbers shifted attention to the right. This suggests that numbers are represented by the mental number line – a spatial image schema that is ordered from left to right with increasing magnitude. In six experiments, we used the spatial attention paradigm of Fischer et al. (2003) to investigate if and when such mental representations are activated. Participants detected visual targets that were preceded by low and high numbers. Between experiments we manipulated how participants processed the number. Participants either merely perceived the number, as in the experiments by Fischer et al. (2003) processed the number’s parity, or processed the number’s magnitude. Our results provide little support for the idea that numbers shift spatial attention. Only in one of the two experiments in which participants processed number magnitude did participants respond faster to targets in congruent locations (left for low magnitudes and right for high magnitudes) than in incongruent locations. In the other five experiments number magnitude did not affect spatial attention. This shows, in contrast to Fischer et al.’s (2003) results, that the mental number line is not activated automatically but at best only when it is contextually relevant. Furthermore, these results suggest that image schemas in general may be context-dependent rather than fundamental to mental concepts.
Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars in the SDSS

We present a spectroscopic analysis of nearly 8000 late-typ dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using the Hα emission line as an activity indicator, we investigate the f raction of active stars as a function of spectral type and find a peak near type M8, confirming previous results. In co ntrast to past findings, we find that not all M7-M8 stars are active. We show that this may be a selection effect o the distance distributions of previous samples, as the active stars appear to be concentrated near the Galactic Plane. We also examine the activity strength (ratio of the luminosity emitted in Hα to the bolometric luminosity) for each star, and find that the mean activity strength is constant over the range M0-M5 and declines at later types. The decline begins at a slightly earlier spectral type than previously found. We explore the effect that activ ity has on the broadband photometric colors and find no significant differences between active and inactive s tars. We also carry out a search for subdwarfs using spectroscopic metallicity indicators, and find 60 subdwarf c ndidates. Several of these candidates are near the extreme subdwarf boundary. The spectroscopic subdwarf can did tes are redder by ∼ 0.2 magnitudes ing − r compared to disk dwarfs at the same r − i color. Subject headings: solar neighborhood — stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs — stars: activity — stars: late-type — subdwarfs — Galaxy: structure
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and movement disorders: A comparative review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neurologic symptoms due to a psychogenic cause are frequently seen in clinical practice. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) are among the most common psychogenic neurologic disorders. PNES and PMD are usually investigated and managed separately by different neurology subspecialists. We review the main epidemiologic and clinical features of both PNES and PMD, aiming to highlight their similarities and differences and to see whether a common framework for these disorders exists. RECENT FINDINGS Data from the literature show that there is a profound overlap between PNES and PMD, which would argue for a larger unifying pathophysiology with variable phenotypic manifestations. SUMMARY Collaborative and integrated research among epileptologists, movement disorders experts, psychiatrists, psychologists, and physiotherapists may increase our collective knowledge about the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PNES and PMD and therefore improve outcomes for these patients.
Loss and Depression: A Controversial Link

Inconsistent findings in studies of loss and depression arise from methodological differences, lack of common definitions of depression and loss, and the failure to consider the interaction hypothesis: the effect of early loss on depression is partly conditional on the presence of a current loss. Data were collected from 744 university students. Only 15% of subjects without loss vs. 44% with both types of loss had Beck Depression Inventory scores indicative of moderate depression. Analysis of variance confirmed this strong interaction effect. These results provide empirical support for Freud's view that a recent loss can reactivate depressive feelings associated with earlier loss.
Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition in Videos

We investigate architectures of discriminatively trained deep Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) for action recognition in video. The challenge is to capture the complementary information on appearance from still frames and motion between frames. We also aim to generalise the best performing hand-crafted features within a data-driven learning framework. Our contribution is three-fold. First, we propose a two-stream ConvNet architecture which incorporates spatial and temporal networks. Second, we demonstrate that a ConvNet trained on multi-frame dense optical flow is able to achieve very good performance in spite of limited training data. Finally, we show that multitask learning, applied to two different action classification datasets, can be used to increase the amount of training data and improve the performance on both. Our architecture is trained and evaluated on the standard video actions benchmarks of UCF-101 and HMDB-51, where it is competitive with the state of the art. It also exceeds by a large margin previous attempts to use deep nets for video classification.
Virtual Humans and Persuasion: The Effects of Agency and Behavioral Realism

Two studies examined whether participant attitudes would change toward positions advocated by an ingroup member even if the latter was known to be an embodied agent; that is, a human-like representation of a computer algorithm. While immersed in a virtual environment, participants listened to a persuasive communication from a digital representation of another student. The latter was actually an embodied agent (a computer-controlled digital representation of a human). Study 1 examined the extent to which gender of the virtual human, participant gender, and the agent's behavior affected attitude change. Results revealed gender-based ingroup favoritism in the form of greater attitude change for same gender virtual humans. Study 2 examined behavioral realism and agency beliefs; that is, whether participants believed the other to be an agent or an avatar (an online representation of an actual person). Results supported Blascovich and colleague's model of social influence within immersive virtual environments. Specifically, the prediction that virtual humans high in behavioral realism would be more influential than those low in behavioral realism was supported, but this effect was moderated by the gender of the virtual human and the research participant. Implications of these findings for the model are discussed.
Cardiologist-Level Arrhythmia Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks

We develop an algorithm which exceeds the performance of board certified cardiologists in detecting a wide range of heart arrhythmias from electrocardiograms recorded with a single-lead wearable monitor. We build a dataset with more than 500 times the number of unique patients than previously studied corpora. On this dataset, we train a 34-layer convolutional neural network which maps a sequence of ECG samples to a sequence of rhythm classes. Committees of board-certified cardiologists annotate a gold standard test set on which we compare the performance of our model to that of 6 other individual cardiologists. We exceed the average cardiologist performance in both recall (sensitivity) and precision (positive predictive value).
Are Complex Innovators More Persistent than Single Innovators? An Empirical Analysis of Innovation Persistence Drivers

This paper examines the persistence of innovation behaviour at the firm level (in the manufacturing and services sectors). We attempt to answer the question of whether being successful in past innovation activities increase the probability of being successful in current innovation activities. We contribute to the literature by explicitly distinguishing between single and complex innovation strategies. Using two waves of the Community Innovation Survey (2002–2004, 2006–2008) conducted in Luxembourg, the regressions show that complex innovators are more inclined to remain persistent rather than single innovators. Within the group of single innovators, pure product innovators have an advantage over pure process innovators. The results support the idea that the differences in innovation strategies across firms are important for understanding the firm's innovation dynamics.
Information Systems Control: A Review and Framework for Emerging Information Systems Processes

A major stream of information systems (IS) research examines the topic of control, which focuses on attempts to affect employee behavior as a means to achieve organizational objectives. Despite a rich history of IS control research, approximately 90 percent of the publications focus on only three IS processes: managing information systems development, managing IS outsourcing, and managing security. However, the emergence of new IS processes and technologies with distinct control challenges, such as managing enterprise architecture and managing innovation, highlights a need to consider the wider applicability of past control insights. In this paper, we first integrate existing IS control constructs and relationships into a comprehensive IS control model. Second, we apply this model to emerging IS processes to guide future research and practice. We review 65 influential IS control-related journal papers and identify five control dimensions. We then consolidate these dimensions into a single, integrated model to apply past IS control findings to the challenges of emerging information systems by posing a series of related propositions. With this paper, we position current IS control research to be increasingly applicable and relevant to tomorrow’s emerging IS opportunities and challenges.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on inhaled and nasal corticosteroids: is the early‐morning serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) a useful screening test?

To cite this article: Zöllner EW, Lombard C, Galal U, Hough S, Irusen E, Weinberg E. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on inhaled and nasal corticosteroids: is the early‐morning serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) a useful screening test? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 614–620.
Cytological diagnosis of breast tumours by the imprint method

Tumour imprints were made from 311 breast tumours at the time of frozen section. Rapid and permanent staining methods were employed and the accuracy of diagnosis was compared with that obtained from frozen and paraffin sections. Two false positives (0·65%) and 16 false negatives (5·15%) were found in the imprint group compared with no false positives and five false negatives (1·6%) in the frozen section group. The cytology of breast imprints is described and the false results are analysed. The possible uses of this technique, both alone and in combination with frozen sections, are discussed.
Progress in Crystal Growth & Characterization of Materials 2007 Raman Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials : How Spectra Relate to Disorder , Particle Size and Mechanical Properties

The purpose of this review is to provide non-specialists with a basic understanding of the information micro-Raman Spectroscopy (μRS) may yield when this characterization tool is applied to nanomaterials, a generic term for describing nano-sized crystals and bulk homogeneous materials with a structural disorder at the nanoscale typically nanoceramics, nanocomposites, glassy materials and relaxor ferroelectrics. The selected materials include advanced and ancient ceramics, semiconductors and polymers developed in the form of dots, wires, films, fibres or composites for applications in the energy, electronic and aeronauticsaerospace industries. Following a short introduction, the text is divided into four sections: • The 1 section outlines the principles of conventional μRS. • The 2 section introduces the main effects for nanomaterials, with special emphasis on two models that connect Raman spectra features to "grain size", namely the Phonon Confinement Model (PCM) and the Elastic Sphere Model (ESM). • The 3 section presents the experimental versatility of μRS applied to nanomaterials (phase identification, phase transition monitoring, grain size determination, defect concentration assessment, etc.). • The 4 section deals with the micro-mechanical aspects of μRS ("Raman extensometry"). Special emphasis is placed on the relationship between the stress-related coefficients S and the macroscopic response of the materials to the applied stress. PACS: 63.20. -e; 63.50. +x; 78.30. -j; 81.40. Jj; 81.05. Ys
Manometric abnormalities of the oesophagus in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is known to correlate with abnormalities of oropharyngeal function. Oesophageal abnormalities have not been previously demonstrated to correlate with dysphagia. The aim of the study was to determine if motor dysfunction of the oesophageal body correlates with dysphagia or disease severity in PD. Twenty‐two patients with PD were assessed for the severity of their dysphagia (scale of 1–7) and severity of PD (Hoehn and Yahr scale 1–4). All underwent oesophageal manometry. Dysphagia was present daily in 10 patients (45%). Parkinson’s disease was graded as severe (Hoehn and Yahr >=3) in eight (36%) patients. Oesophageal manometry was abnormal in 16 (73%) patients. Thirteen patients had either complete aperistalsis or multiple simultaneous contractions (diffuse oesophageal spasm). These findings were significantly more common in patients with daily dysphagia (90% vs. 33%; P < 0.005), and were not related to duration or severity of PD. We conclude that the presence of aperistalsis or multiple simultaneous contractions in the oesophagus does correlate with dysphagia and is independent of PD severity or duration. This may reflect selective involvement of either the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus or the oesophageal myenteric plexus.
In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis Using a Fibrin-Binding Positron Emission Tomographic Probe

Background—Fibrin is a major component of arterial and venous thrombi and represents an ideal candidate for molecular imaging of thrombosis. Here, we describe imaging properties and target uptake of a new fibrin-specific positron emission tomographic probe for thrombus detection and therapy monitoring in 2 rat thrombosis models. Methods and Results—The fibrin-binding probe FBP7 was synthesized by conjugation of a known short cyclic peptide to a cross-bridged chelator (CB-TE2A), followed by labeling with copper-64. Adult male Wistar rats (n=26) underwent either carotid crush injury (mural thrombosis model) or embolic stroke (occlusive thrombosis model) followed by recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment (10 mg/kg, IV). FBP7 detected thrombus location in both animal models with a high positron emission tomographic target-to-background ratio that increased over time (>5-fold at 30–90 minutes, >15-fold at 240–285 minutes). In the carotid crush injury animals, biodistribution analysis confirmed high probe uptake in the thrombotic artery (≈0.5%ID/g; >5-fold greater than blood and other tissues of the head and thorax). Similar results were obtained from ex vivo autoradiography of the ipsilateral versus contralateral carotid arteries. In embolic stroke animals, positron emission tomographic–computed tomographic imaging localized the clot in the internal carotid/middle cerebral artery segment of all rats. Time-dependent reduction of activity at the level of the thrombus was detected in recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator–treated rats but not in vehicle-injected animals. Brain autoradiography confirmed clot dissolution in recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator–treated animals, but enduring high thrombus activity in control rats. Conclusions—We demonstrated that FBP7 is suitable for molecular imaging of thrombosis and thrombolysis in vivo and represents a promising candidate for bench-to-bedside translation.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Eyelid: Differential Diagnosis and Management

Purpose: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma that occurs rarely in the periocular region. The purpose of this study was to present a case series of periocular MFH and to discuss the differential diagnosis and management. Methods: This is a retrospective case review of patients diagnosed with periocular MFH from tertiary hospitals and private practices. Results: Four patients, two women and two men with periocular MFH, had a mean age of 81 years (range, 72 to 85 years). All tumors were <5 cm in diameter and of storiform pleomorphic histologic subtype. One was located deep and 3 presented superficially. The initial diagnoses were sarcomatoid carcinoma, atypical fibroxanthoma, and leiomyosarcoma that were subsequently reclassified as MFH. One patient had a frozen section, 1 had fast track paraffin section margin control, and 2 had no frozen section margins at the initial excisions. Histology showed 2 negative margins, 1 close margin, and 1 positive margin that were cleared with wide local excision. Local recurrence occurred in 3 cases, and of these, 1 required orbital exenteration. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 3 patients. One had regional node metastases. There were no distant metastases or tumor-related deaths. Mean follow-up period was 36 ± 35 months (median, 30; range, 1 to 84 months). Conclusions: This study highlights the difficulties in the clinicopathologic diagnosis of periocular MFH and in particular the distinction of more superficial tumors from atypical fibroxanthoma. The mainstay of treatment is complete surgical excision with wide margins, and consideration should be given to histologic margin control in addition to adjuvant radiotherapy.
The Relationship between Stock Price and EPS: Evidence Based on Taiwan Panel Data

In this study, we use panel cointegration methods to investigate the relationship between stock prices and earnings-per-share (EPS). Furthermore, we consider whether stock prices respond to EPS under the different level of growth rate of operating revenue. The empirical result indicated that the cointegration relationship existed between stock prices and EPS in the long-run. Furthermore, we found that for the firm with a high level of growth rate, EPS has less power in explaining the stock prices however, for the firm with a low level of growth rate, EPS has a strong impact in stock prices.
The role of vitamin D supplementation in HIV: an often forgotten perspective

I read with great interest the recent article by Mason. The author has done an excellent job in highlighting the benefits of vitamin D in different pathological conditions. One rapidly emerging benefit that the author fails to mention is the role of vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recent studies suggest that vitamin D may play a major role in attenuating disease progression in patients with HIV. For instance, higher rates of hepatitis C coinfection are seen in HIV-infected individuals with low serum vitamin D levels. Similarly, higher survival times have been noticed in individuals with normal 1,2-dihydroxy vitamin D3 levels and co-existing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) syndrome. Not surprisingly, higher serum levels of parathormone are seen in HIV-infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), further confirming a close association between vitamin D metabolism and anti-retroviral therapy. Similarly, Mehta and colleagues have recently shown that mortality in HIV-infected women with low vitamin D levels is almost 42% higher compared to mortality in HIV-infected women with higher serum levels of vitamin D. Similarly, decreased rates of incidence of AIDS are seen in HIV-infected individuals with the rs1544410_GG polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor, clearly illustrating a close connection between vitamin D homeostasis and HIV resistance. The incidence of vitamin deficiencies such as vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected individuals is nearly 76%. Clearly, there is a need to increase screening for vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin D deficiencies, in HIV-infected populations. Further studies are clearly needed to further elaborate the role of vitamins, especially vitamin D, in enhancing HIV resistance. The coming years may very well see the inclusion of vitamin supplements, especially vitamin D supplements, as a regular component of AIDS treatment regimens.