Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses of Mothers and Fathers on the Personality Inventory for Children: Are they Significantly Different?

The ability of fathers to identify salient cognitive and personality characteristics of their handicapped children using the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) was compared to that of mothers. Furthermore, the relationship between each of their PIC responses and independently derived measures of classroom behavior (i.e., WPBIC) and cognitive functioning (i.e., WISC-R) was studied. Even though the results showed high interparent agreement across all 16 PIC profile scales for 30 learning disabled and 15 emotionally disturbed children, mothers consistently rated their children as having greater difficulty. Scale to criterion correlations, nonetheless, indicate that PICs completed by either the mother or father can be interpreted similarly.
A comparison of methodologies of brief functional analysis

Abstract Objective: To evaluate correspondence between three models of brief functional analysis (BFA); to evaluate a latency-based model of BFA. Methods: Single subject research; three models of BFA; latency-based BFA; brief A-B model with programmed antecedents and no programmed consequences for aberrant behaviour; A-B-C model with programmed antecedents and programmed consequences for aberrant behaviour; contingency reversal treatment evaluations conducted with each model; each model implemented with four individuals with autism diagnoses; correspondence of results between the three BFA models in terms of the conditions in which aberrant behaviour occurred. Results: Overall, strong correspondence between all three BFA models was observed; several specific instances of non-correspondence within participants observed; more differentiation observed between test and control conditions in A-B model than A-B-C model. Conclusions: Additional support that clinicians and educators have flexibility in choosing BFA model that fits the specific, idiosyncratic variables and constraints of their setting (e.g. outpatient; classroom) and client(s).
Cardiac magnetic resonance in transfusion dependent thalassaemia: assessment of iron load and relationship to left ventricular ejection fraction

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) has replaced all other surrogate measurements in the determination of transfusional cardiac iron overload in patients with thalassaemia major. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of CMR T2* with respect to cardiac dysfunction (CD) as determined by CMR‐derived left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Cardiac T2* values and LVEF measured by CMR were recorded in 303 patients with thalassaemia major, at the time of their first CMR. T2* was correlated with LVEF (regression coefficient: 0·57, P < 0·001). The prevalence of CD was 32·9% in patients with T2* ≤ 8 ms, 12·5% in patients with T2* > 8 ms and ≤14 ms and reduced to 9·1% in patients with T2* between 14–20 ms. As the probability of CD is progressively, and not suddenly, reduced with increasing values of T2*, CMR has a limited diagnostic value for CD (Receiver operating characteristic analysis, area under the curve = 0·68). Patients with cardiac T2* ≤ 8 ms require careful and intensive management. This risk decreases with increasing values of T2* but even in mildly loaded patients the probability of impaired LVEF is not negligible.
Toward a Social Psychology of Place

Sense-of-place writings have proliferated in recent years, yet research suffers from a relative lack of construct clarity and hypothesis testing. This research presents a model of sense of place based in conventional social psychology: cognitions, attitudes, identities, and behavioral intentions located in and fundamentally about place. A survey of property owners in Vilas County, Wisconsin, revealed the importance of symbolic meanings as underpinning both place satisfaction, conceptualized as an attitude toward a setting, and attachment, conceptualized as personal identification with a setting. In turn, attachment, satisfaction, and meanings all have independent effects on willingness to engage in behaviors that maintain or enhance valued attributes of the setting.
Increased cell apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma and in vivo tumor growth inhibition by RBM10, a tumor suppressor gene

Tumor suppressor genes are frequently deleted or mutated in lung cancer. The RNA-binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) gene has the ability to suppress tumor activity, but the role of RBM10 during the development of lung cancer has yet to be elucidated. The current study investigated the expression levels of RBM10 in non-tumor and tumor tissues obtained from patients with adenocarcinoma using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, and identified a reduction in RBM10 expression in lung tumor tissue. To investigate the in vitro and in vivo function of RBM10, A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells were transfected with the pcDNA-RBM10 vector. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the levels of apoptosis in the transfected cells. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins in A549 cells and tissues from the A549 xenograft Bagg Albino coat (BALB/c) nude mice model. RBM10 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in adenocarcinoma cells, but not in the non-tumor tissues. The A549 cells and tumor tissues exhibited significant growth inhibition following transfection with the pcDNA-RBM10 vector, which was determined using a cell proliferation assay. Flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with Annexin V/propidium iodide indicated that the overexpression of RBM10 induced apoptosis in A549 cells. The present study demonstrated that the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were decreased and the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP proteins were significantly increased in the A549 cells and cells from ex vivo tumor tissues that were injected with RBM10 vector-containing Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium. Notably, the current study identified that the accumulated and stable overexpression of RBM10 in the xenograft BALB/c nude mice model significantly inhibited the tumor growth rate. These results may provide novel insights into the use of RBM10 for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy.
From Family to Society: The Role of Perceived Parenting Behaviors in Promoting Youth Civic Engagement

SYNOPSIS Objective . The authors explored the relation between adolescent reports of parental warmth and monitoring and the development of youth civic engagement. Design . Longitudinal data were collected from 759 14- and 15-year-olds and their parents in the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development. Results . Two-group latent variable models indicated that perceived parental monitoring predicted future civic engagement among males, whereas perceived parental warmth predicted future civic engagement among females. Adolescent reports of parenting did not predict change in civic engagement. Conclusion . Adolescent reports of parenting contribute to youth civic engagement.
The influence of subjective norm on intention to use of learning management system among Malaysian higher education students

In recent years, the use of learning management system by universities has been increasingly growing. However, the results of several studies have revealed that students do not fully use the information systems. The present study proposes a model which investigates the influence of three constructs of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norm on behavior intention to use of learning management system. The sample size was 216 Malaysian undergraduate students. The results of the study revealed that the proposed model accounts for 31.1 % variance of behavior intention to use.
Next Steps in Immuno-Oncology: Enhancing Antitumor Effects Through Appropriate Patient Selection and Rationally Designed Combination Strategies.

BACKGROUND Cancers escape immune surveillance via distinct mechanisms that involve central (negative selection within the thymus) or peripheral (lack of costimulation, receipt of death/anergic signals by tumor, immunoregulatory cell populations) immune tolerance. During the 1990s, moderate clinical benefit was seen using several cytokine therapies for a limited number of cancers. Over the past 20 years, extensive research has been performed to understand the role of various components of peripheral immune tolerance, with the co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1), and its ligand (PD-L1) being the most well characterized at preclinical and clinical levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used PubMed and Google Scholar searches to identify key articles published reporting preclinical and clinical studies investigating CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, frequently cited review articles, and clinical studies of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors, including combination therapy strategies. We also searched recent oncology congress presentations and clinicaltrials.gov to cover the most up-to-date clinical trial data and ongoing clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations. RESULTS Inhibiting CTLA-4 and PD-1 using monoclonal antibody therapies administered as single agents has been associated with clinical benefit in distinct patient subgroups across several malignancies. Concurrent blockade of CTLA-4 and components of the PD-1/PD-L1 system using various schedules has shown synergy and even higher incidence of durable antitumor responses at the expense of increased rates of immune-mediated adverse events, which can be life-threatening, but are rarely fatal and are reversible in most cases using established treatment guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Dual immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated promising clinical benefit in numerous solid tumor types. This example of concurrent modulation of multiple components of the immune system is currently being investigated in other cancers using various immunomodulatory strategies.
Image-Based Model of Atrial Anatomy and Electrical Activation: A Computational Platform for Investigating Atrial Arrhythmia

Computer models provide a powerful platform for investigating mechanisms that underlie atrial rhythm disturbances. We have used novel techniques to build a structurally-detailed, image-based model of 3-D atrial anatomy. A volume image of the atria from a normal sheep heart was acquired using serial surface macroscopy, then smoothed and down-sampled to 50 μm3 resolution. Atrial surface geometry was identified and myofiber orientations were estimated throughout by eigen-analysis of the 3-D image structure tensor. Sinus node, crista terminalis, pectinate muscle, Bachman's bundle, and pulmonary veins were segmented on the basis of anatomic characteristics. Heterogeneous electrical properties were assigned to this structure and electrical activation was simulated on it at 100 μm3 resolution, using both biophysically-detailed and reduced-order cell activation models with spatially-varying membrane kinetics. We confirmed that the model reproduced key features of the normal spread of atrial activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that vulnerability to rhythm disturbance caused by structural heterogeneity in the posterior left atrium is exacerbated by spatial variation of repolarization kinetics across this region. These results provide insight into mechanisms that may sustain paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. We conclude that image-based computer models that incorporate realistic descriptions of atrial myofiber architecture and electrophysiologic properties have the potential to analyse and identify complex substrates for atrial fibrillation.
Individual and Organizational Predictors of High School Track Placement.

Les AA. examinent a partir de donnees collectees aux Etats-Unis entre 1980 et 1982 les caracteristiques individuelles et un certain nombre de mesures concernant les dimensions organisationnelles des etablissements de l'enseignement du secondaire. Ils montrent l'importance de ces caracteristiques individuelles pour ce qui est des orientations des eleves ainsi que celles des etablissements. Ils mettent en evidence le lien entre, d'une part les possibilites de choix offertes aux individus en matiere d'education, leurs choix dans ce domaine, leur orientation, la composition socio-economique du public d'une ecole et, d'autre part, les capacites et le statut socio-economique des eleves
Phase coding by grid cells in unconstrained environments: two‐dimensional phase precession

Action potential timing is thought to play a critical role in neural representation. For example, theta phase precession is a robust phenomenon exhibited by spatial cells of the rat entorhinal–hippocampal circuit. In phase precession, the time a neuron fires relative to the phase of theta rhythm (6–10 Hz) oscillations in the local field potential reduces uncertainty about the position of the animal. This relationship between neural firing and behavior has made precession an important constraint for hypothetical mechanisms of temporal coding. However, challenges exist in identifying what regulates the spike timing of these cells. We have developed novel analytical techniques for mapping between behavior and neural firing that provide sufficient sensitivity to examine features of grid cell phase coding in open environments. Here, we show robust, omnidirectional phase precession by entorhinal grid cells in openfield enclosures. We present evidence that full phase precession persists regardless of how close the animal comes to the center of a firing field. Many conjunctive grid cells, previously thought to be phase locked, also exhibited phase coding. However, we were unable to detect directional‐ or field‐specific phase coding predicted by some variants of models. Finally, we present data that suggest bursting of layer II grid cells contributes to the bimodality of phase precession. We discuss implications of these observations for models of temporal coding and propose the utility of these techniques in other domains where behavior is aligned to neural spiking.
Analysis and Regularization of Problems in Diffuse Optical Tomography

In this paper we consider the regularization of the inverse problem of diffuse optical tomography by standard regularization methods with quadratic penalty terms. We therefore investigate in detail the properties of the associated forward operators and derive continuity and differentiability results, which are based on derivation of $W^{1,p}$ regularity of solutions for the governing elliptic boundary value problems. We then show that Tikhonov regularization can be applied for a stable solution and that the standard convergence and convergence rates results hold. Our analysis also allows us to ensure convergence of iterative regularization methods, which are important from a practical point of view.
Three Forms of the Knowledge Economy: Learning, Creativity and Openness

ABSTRACT This paper outlines and reviews three forms and associated discourses of the ‘knowledge economy’: the ‘learning economy’, based on the work of Bengt-Åke Lundvall; the ‘creative economy’ based on the work of Charles Landry, John Howkins and Richard Florida; and the ‘open knowledge economy’ based on the work of Yochai Benkler and others. Arguably, these three forms and discourses represent three recent related but different conceptions of the knowledge economy, each with clear significance and implications for education and education policy. The last provides a model of radically non-propertarian form that incorporates both ‘open education’ and ‘open science’ economies.
Male wing fanning by the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) produces a courtship song

Abstract We, herein, report evidence that wing fanning by the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) constitutes a courtship song. Complete removal of the forewings or only the distal half of them reduced male copulation success in comparison to intact males. Males that achieved copulation within the observation period produced wing fanning at a higher rate than males that did not copulate. Playback of wing fanning sound altered the behaviour of virgin females, increasing the time they devoted to grooming, as compared with subjects that were exposed to silence or white noise. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the acoustic dimension of the sensory modalities employed by this aphid parasitoid in sexual signalling.
Predictive coding and multisensory integration: an attentional account of the multisensory mind

Multisensory integration involves a host of different cognitive processes, occurring at different stages of sensory processing. Here I argue that, despite recent insights suggesting that multisensory interactions can occur at very early latencies, the actual integration of individual sensory traces into an internally consistent mental representation is dependent on both top–down and bottom–up processes. Moreover, I argue that this integration is not limited to just sensory inputs, but that internal cognitive processes also shape the resulting mental representation. Studies showing that memory recall is affected by the initial multisensory context in which the stimuli were presented will be discussed, as well as several studies showing that mental imagery can affect multisensory illusions. This empirical evidence will be discussed from a predictive coding perspective, in which a central top–down attentional process is proposed to play a central role in coordinating the integration of all these inputs into a coherent mental representation.
Syllabische Struktur und Wortakzent. Prinzipien der Prosodik deutscher Wörter

Morphologisch einfache und derMerte Wörter werden im Deutschen nach festen Mustern betont. Dominant sind der Trochäus und der Daktylus. Die Lage des Hauptakzents ist innerhalb eines Flexionsparadigmas im allgemeinen fest. Nebenakzente sind so plaziert, daß eine vollständige Aufteilung der Wortformen in Trochäus und Daktylus erfolgt. Die Wahl der Muster ist wortartabhängig. Ihre Konservierung determiniert in wesentlichem Umfang die Flexionswie die Deri vationsmorphologie. *
Pity, Anger, and Guilt

Three basic dimensions of causality, which represent the underlying properties of causes, have been identified: locus, stability, and controllability. Evidence was presented that these dimensions are linked with feelings of pity, anger, and guilt. Two experiments were conducted; one asked participants to recall situations in which pity, anger, and guilt were experienced, while the other examined ratings of pity and anger as a function of the a priori classification of given causes of events. It was found that uncontrollable causes of negative events gave rise to pity, independent of the locus of the cause. For both anger and guilt, the associated cause was perceived as controllable and internal to the target of the emotion. Stable causes influenced the magnitude, rather than the direction, of emotions. It was contended that causal thoughts often precede and determine the experiences of pit, anger, and guilt.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor and Arterial Baroreceptor Reflexes in Unanesthetized Rats

The modulation exerted by atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on the cardiac and vascular influences of arterial baroreceptors was investigated in two groups of unanesthetized, chronically instrumented normotensive rats. In group 1, the reflex control of heart rate was assessed by graded baroreceptor stimulations and deactivations obtained by intravenous boluses of phenylephrine and nitroprusside. Under either circumstance, baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was expressed as the linear regression slope relating the chronotropic responses to the drug-induced mean arterial pressure changes. In group 2, right common carotid occlusion was performed in rats with their aortic and left carotid sinus baroreceptors denervated to assess the baroreceptor control of blood pressure; the reflex response was quantitated as the peak blood pressure rise observed during the maneuver. The reflex studies were performed before and during atriopeptin III infusion (0.15–0.20 jtg/kg/min for 60 minutes). ANF augmented the bradycardic response to phenylephrine by 102.5±29% (p < 0.01), reduced the tachycardic response to nitroprusside by 67.7 ±6.4% (/? <0.01), and failed to modify the pressor response to carotid occlusion (‐6.8±2.1%, /? =NS). In a separate group of rats infused with low dose nitroprusside, no change in the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex was observed. ANF infusion (0.20 /tg/kg/min) performed in further separate groups of conscious rats raised plasma ANF to 480±58 fmol/ml. Values in control vehicle-infused rats were 50±8 fmol/ml. Vascular reactivity (pressor response to intravenous phenylephrine boluses in anesthetized, sinoaorticdenervated rats) was only minimally reduced by ANF. It is concluded that ANF at doses within the pathophysiological range exerts a complex modulatory effect on arterial baroreceptor reflexes, consisting of potentiation of the cardioinhibitory, no change of the vascular, and depression of the cardioexcitatory reflex influences. These data may have pathophysiological implications in high ANF release states.
Finding all valid hand configurations for a given precision grasp

Planning a precision grasp for a robot hand is usually decomposed into two main steps. First, a set of contact points over the object surface must be determined, ensuring they allow a stable grasp. Second, the inverse kinematics of the robot hand must be solved to verify whether the contact points can actually be reached. Whereas the first problem has been largely solved in a general posing, the second one has only been tackled with local convergence methods. These methods only provide one solution to the problem, even if many are possible, and depending on the initial estimation they use, they may fail to converge, which results in grasp re-planning in situations where it could be avoided. This paper overcomes both issues by providing a complete method to solve the kinematics of human-like hands. The method is able to find all possible configurations that reach the specified contact points, even when positive-dimensional sets of such configurations are possible.
Discourse‐Centered Approach to Language and Culture

The Sapir- Whorf hypothesis, as usually formulated, searches for isomorphisms between grammar and culture and views language as either providing the means for thought and perception, or, in its stronger form, conditioning thought, perception, and world view. In this article I consider discourse to be the concrete expression of language-culture relationships. It is discourse that creates, recreates, focuses, modifies, and transmits both culture and language and their intersection, and it is especially in verbally artistic and playful discourse, such as poetry, magic, verbal dueling, and political rhetoric, that the resources provided by grammar, as well as cultural meanings and symbols, are activated to their fullest potential and the essence of language-culture relationships becomes salient.
DDoS: design, implementation and analysis of automated model

Earlier, we have proposed an automated model to minimise DDoS attacks in single ISP domain and extended the model to multiple ISP domains. Our approach has several advanced features to minimise DDoS attacks in the internet. The focus of this paper is twofold: firstly, to present a detailed description of the design and implementation of the proposed model and second to discuss and analyse the extensive set of results obtained from the implementation and simulations. We describe the prototype implementation of our automated model using NetProwler network intrusion detection system and HP OpenView Network Node Manager. We will also discuss the performance analysis of our model on a large scale using NS2 tool. Both prototype and simulation test results confirm that our approach offers a promising solution against DDoS problem in the internet and the model can be implemented in real time with minor modifications to the existing tools.