Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Workplace Phobic Anxiety as a Mental Health Phenomenon in the Job Demands-Resources Model

Purpose Anxiety-related problems at work are a serious problem in the occupational context, as they come along with sick leave and problems in work participation. The aim of this study is to analyse workplace phobic anxiety in nonclinical context using the Job Demands-Resources model. Methods The study involved a sample of 739 workers from a retail company, mostly with permanent contracts. Structural equation modelling analyses were performed using AMOS software. Results Both the health impairment and motivational variables in the JD-R model were significantly related to workplace phobic anxiety and subsequently to absenteeism, specifically, exhaustion mediated between perceived job demands and workplace phobic anxiety and work engagement mediated between perceived job resources and workplace phobic anxiety. Moreover, workplace phobic anxiety was significantly positively related to absenteeism. Conclusions Results suggest that workplace phobic anxiety is a specific concept and an important issue in organizations for both workers' health and the organizational costs linked to absenteeism. Supervisors and occupational physicians should be aware of workplace phobic anxiety, especially when workers are on sick leave often or for long periods.
Nitrogen cycling driven by organic matter export in the South Pacific oxygen minimum zone

Oxygen minimum zones are expanding globally, and at present account for around 20–40% of oceanic nitrogen loss. Heterotrophic denitrification and anammox—anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite—are responsible for most nitrogen loss in these low-oxygen waters. Anammox is particularly significant in the eastern tropical South Pacific, one of the largest oxygen minimum zones globally. However, the factors that regulate anammox-driven nitrogen loss have remained unclear. Here, we present a comprehensive nitrogen budget for the eastern tropical South Pacific oxygen minimum zone, using measurements of nutrient concentrations, experimentally determined rates of nitrogen transformation and a numerical model of export production. Anammox was the dominant mode of nitrogen loss at the time of sampling. Rates of anammox, and related nitrogen transformations, were greatest in the productive shelf waters, and tailed off with distance from the coast. Within the shelf region, anammox activity peaked in both upper and bottom waters. Overall, rates of nitrogen transformation, including anammox, were strongly correlated with the export of organic matter. We suggest that the sinking of organic matter, and thus the release of ammonium into the water column, together with benthic ammonium release, fuel nitrogen loss from oxygen minimum zones.
Social Anxiety and Loneliness in Adults Who Solicit Minors Online

This study examined the association of social anxiety, loneliness, and problematic Internet use (PIU) with the online solicitation of minors. Within a convenience sample of adult Internet users from Germany, Finland, and Sweden (N = 2,828), we compared the responses of participants who had not interacted sexually with strangers online (n = 2,049) with participants who sexually interacted with unknown adults online (n = 642), and both groups with adults who sexually solicited unknown minors online (n = 137). Online sexual interaction with adults was associated with higher levels of social anxiety, loneliness, and PIU compared with not sexually interacting with strangers online. Sexually soliciting minors online was associated with higher levels of social anxiety, loneliness, and PIU compared with sexually interacting with adults and not sexually interacting with strangers at all. Interestingly, compared with those with adult contacts, loneliness was specifically pronounced for participants who solicited children, whereas social anxiety and PIU were pronounced for participants soliciting adolescents. These findings suggest that social anxiety, loneliness, and PIU may be among the motivators for using the Internet to solicit individuals of different age groups for sexual purposes. These factors emerged as specifically relevant for adults who sexually solicited minors and who reported greater impairments compared with adults who sexually interacted with adults. These characteristics may thus be important to consider for assessment and treatment procedures for individuals soliciting minors online.
The Role of Research Incentives in Medical Research Organisations

This paper investigates the effectiveness of institutionalised financial incentive programmes designed to encourage researchers to engage in high‐impact publishing and commercialisation. Five Australian medical research institutes were analysed, three of which were offering financial incentives for high‐impact publishing and two offering financial incentives for commercialisation engagement. The perception of incentives for commercialisation and research productivity within the organisations with incentive schemes was compared with that of organisations without these schemes. We found that incentive policies are effective only if researchers already hold desirable goals with regard to their societal contracts, effectively ‘crowding in’ these behaviours. Researchers also stated that they believed that high‐impact publishing and commercialisation engagement were only possible for large groups of authors and fields. For researchers in smaller fields, the current structures of incentives were ineffective as incentives but instead acted as rewards for when these activities did occur. Alternatively, the existence of these incentives offered researchers options for salary remuneration, attracting high‐quality researchers and increasing the organisation's level of prestige as a result. It is recommended that institutional incentive programmes should concentrate on controlling field differences in order to effectively influence rather than simply reward researcher behaviour.
Extent of disease on high-resolution computed tomography lung is a predictor of decline and mortality in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease.

OBJECTIVES In a multi-centre study, we sought to determine whether extent of disease on high-resolution CT (HRCT) lung, reported using a simple grading system, is predictive of decline and mortality in SSc-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), independently of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and other prognostic variables. METHODS SSc patients with a baseline HRCT performed at the time of ILD diagnosis were identified. All HRCTs and PFTs performed during follow-up were retrieved. Demographic and disease-related data were prospectively collected. HRCTs were graded according to the percentage of lung disease: >20%: extensive; <20%: limited; unclear: indeterminate. Indeterminate HRCTs were converted to limited or extensive using a forced vital capacity threshold of 70%. The composite outcome variable was deterioration (need for home oxygen or lung transplantation), or death. RESULTS Among 172 patients followed for mean (s.d.) of 3.5 (2.9) years, there were 30 outcome events. In Weibull multivariable hazards regression modelling, baseline HRCT grade was independently predictive of outcome, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.0, 95% CI 1.2, 7.5 and P = 0.02. In time-varying covariate models (based on 1309 serial PFTs and 353 serial HRCTs in 172 patients), serial diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide by alveolar volume ratio (ml/min/mmHg/l) (aHR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.3, 0.7; P = 0.001) and forced vital capacity (dl) (aHR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.8, 0.97; P = 0.008), were also strongly predictive of outcome. CONCLUSION Extensive disease (>20%) on HRCT at baseline, reported using a semi-quantitative grading system, is associated with a three-fold increased risk of deterioration or death in SSc-ILD, compared with limited disease. Serial PFTs are informative in follow-up of patients.
Frontotemporal atrophy associated with paranoid delusions in women with Alzheimer's disease

ABSTRACT Background: Paranoid delusions are a common and difficult-to-manage feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of paranoid delusions in a cohort of AD patients, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure regional volume and regional cortical thickness. Methods: 113 participants with probable AD were assessed for severity of disease, cognitive and functional impairment. Presence and type of delusions were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Structural MRI images were acquired on a 1.5T scanner, and were analyzed using an automated analysis pipeline. Results: Paranoid delusions were experienced by 23 (20.4%) of the participants. Female participants with paranoid delusions showed reduced cortical thickness in left medial orbitofrontal and left superior temporal regions, independently of cognitive decline. Male participants with delusions did not show any significant differences compared to males without delusions. An exploratory whole brain analysis of non-hypothesized regions showed reduced cortical thickness in the left insula for female participants only. Conclusion: Frontotemporal atrophy is associated with paranoid delusions in females with AD. Evidence of sex differences in the neuroanatomical correlates of delusions as well as differences in regional involvement in different types of delusions may be informative in guiding management and treatment of delusions in AD.
Human CD8+ EMRA T cells display a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype regulated by p38 MAPK

Cellular senescence is accompanied by a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We show here that primary human senescent CD8+ T cells also display a SASP comprising chemokines, cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling proteases that are unique to this subset and contribute to age‐associated inflammation. We found the CD8+ CD45RA+CD27− EMRA subset to be the most heterogeneous, with a population aligning with the naïve T cells and another with a closer association to the effector memory subset. However, despite the differing processes that give rise to these senescent CD8+ T cells once generated, they both adopt a unique secretory profile with no commonality to any other subset, aligning more closely with senescence than quiescence. Furthermore, we also show that the SASP observed in senescent CD8+ T cells is governed by p38 MAPK signalling.
Skills to Enhance Positivity in Suicidal Adolescents: Results From an Open Development Trial

“Skills to Enhance Positivity” (STEP) is a two-part positive affect program designed to decrease recurrent suicidal behavior in adolescents hospitalized due to suicide risk. Here, we describe the initial pilot phase in which the intervention was developed and modified based on a sample of 20 adolescent participants, aged 12 to 18 years old (Mage = 15.9, SD = 1.5). STEP consisted of an in-person phase (four sessions) and a remote delivery phase (text messaging and phone calls). The inpatient sessions focused on psychoeducation of positive affect, mindfulness meditation, gratitude, and savoring. The remote delivery phase comprised of weekly phone calls and daily text messages to enhance mood monitoring and skills practice reminders. Average session attendance was 81%, and mean daily response rate to text messages was 73.6%, demonstrating high engagement. STEP was described as good or excellent by over 90% of parents and 100% of adolescents. Only one participant had a suicide attempt, and five were readmitted for suicidality in the following 6 months, fewer than comparable naturalistic studies. Although preliminary results are promising, larger randomized trials are needed to determine the efficacy of STEP in reducing suicidal behaviors.
Do Land Revenue Windfalls Reduce the Career Incentives of County Leaders? Evidence from China

We analyze a dataset constructed on the political turnovers of 3,623 county leaders in China during 1999-2008, and find that their career incentives — the institutional foundations of China’s three decades of sustained economic growth — remain powerful. This is in spite of a policy shock that assigns to them the residual claiming rights over land revenues and their having substantially more discretionary revenue to spend as a result. Specifically, the county leaders spend significantly more to signal their achievements (for promotion), and on a variety of activities that benefit mostly the government bureaucracy, than on projects that enhance social welfare.
Comparative analysis of epitope recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by autoantibodies from different autoimmune disorders

Autoantibodies to GAD, an important marker of the autoimmune process in type I or insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), are also found in non‐diabetic individuals with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), APS2, and stiff man syndrome (SMS). Most IDDM sera contain two distinct GAD antibody specificities, one of which targets an epitope region in the middle‐third of GAD65 (IDDM‐E1; amino acids 221–359) and one of which targets the carboxy‐third of GAD65 (IDDM‐E2; amino acids 453–569). Using 11 chimeric GAD65/GAD67 proteins to maintain conformation‐dependent epitopes of GAD65, we compared the humoral repertoire of IgG antibodies from an individual with APS2‐like disease (b35, b78, and b96) and MoAbs from an IDDM patient (MICA‐2, MICA‐3, and MICA‐4). Neither the APS2 IgG antibodies nor the IDDM MoAbs bind the amino‐terminal third of GAD65, but instead target the carboxy‐terminal two‐thirds of GAD65. Amino acids 270–359 (IDDM‐E1) are targeted by one APS2 IgG antibody and MICA‐4, while two other APS2 IgG antibodies, MICA‐2 and MICA‐3, target amino acids 443–585 (IDDM‐E2). Using GAD65/67 chimera that span the IDDM‐E2 region, we found that MICA‐2 binds amino acids 514–528 of GAD65, but two APS2 IgG antibodies require this region and amino acids 529–570. In contrast, the binding of MICA‐3 requires two discontinuous amino acid segments of GAD65 (452–513 and 528–569), but not amino acids 514–528. These results indicate that there are both similarities and differences in the humoral response to GAD65 in APS2 and IDDM.
Spatial and Seasonal Distribution of Forensically Important Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Abstract The seasonal activity of adults of eight forensically important blow fly species [Calliphora croceipalpis (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Jaennicke, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), L. cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. marginalis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)] was quantified from collections in Makhanda, South Africa. Flies were collected in traps baited with chicken liver and placed in the field at eight locations for four consecutive days each fortnight for 14 mo. The seasonal distribution of each species compared well to published seasonal distributions of these blow flies elsewhere in South Africa, with evidence of year-to-year variation within seasons that might be explained by weather. This information is important for determining when and where certain species are likely to occur and will be of use in forensic investigations and myiasis management plans.
The black hole candidate MAXI J1659–152 in and towards quiescence in X-ray and radio

In this paper we report on Expanded Very Large Array radio and Chandra and Swift X{ray observations of the outburst decay of the transient black hole candidate MAXI J1659{152 in 2011. We discuss the distance to the source taking the high inclination into account and we conclude that the source distance is probably 6 2 kpc. The lowest observed ux corresponds to a luminosity of 2 10 31 ( d 6kpc ) 2 erg s 1 . This, together with the orbital period of 2.4 hr reported in the literature, suggests that the quiescent X{ray luminosity is higher than predicted on the basis of the orbital period { quiescent X{ray luminosity relationship. It is more in line with that expected for a neutron star, although the outburst spectral and timing properties reported in the literature strongly suggest that MAXI J1659{152 harbors a black hole. This conclusion is subject to conrmation of the lowest observed ux as the quiescent ux. The relation between the accretion and ejection mechanisms can be studied using the observed correlation between the radio and X{ray luminosities as these evolve over an outburst. We determine the behaviour of MAXI J1659{152 in the radio { X{ray diagram at low X{ray luminosities using the observations reported in this paper and at high X{ray luminosities using values reported in the literature. At high X-ray luminosities the source lies closer to the sources that follow a correlation index steeper than 0.6{0.7. However, when compared to other sources that follow a steeper correlation index, the X{ray luminosity in MAXI J1659{152 is also lower. The latter can potentially be explained by the high inclination of MAXI J1659{152 if the X{ray emission comes from close to the source and the radio emission is originating in a more extended region. However, it is probable that the source was not in the canonical low{hard state during these radio observations and this may aect the behaviour of the source as well. At intermediate X{ray luminosities the source makes the transition from the radio underluminous sources in the direction of the relation traced by the ’standard’ correlation similar to what has been reported for H 1743{322 in the literature. However, MAXI J1659{152 remains underluminous with respect to this ’standard’ correlation. Subject headings: stars: individual (MAXI J1659{152) | accretion: accretion discs | stars: binaries | X-rays: binaries
Usefulness of a decision tree model for the analysis of adverse drug reactions: Evaluation of a risk prediction model of vancomycin‐associated nephrotoxicity constructed using a data mining procedure

OBJECTIVES Several publications concerning decision tree (DT) analysis in medical fields have recently demonstrated its usefulness for defining prognostic factors in various diseases. However, there are minimal reports on the predictors of adverse drug reactions. We attempted to use DT analysis to discover combinations of multiple risk factors that would increase the risk of nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin (VCM). To demonstrate the usefulness of DT analysis, we compared its predictive performance with that of multiple logistic regression analysis. METHOD A single-centre, retrospective study was conducted at Hokkaido University Hospital. A total of 592 patients, who received intravenous administrations of VCM between November 2011 and April 2016, were enrolled. Nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.5 mg/dL or a ≥50% increase in serum creatinine from the baseline. Risk factors for VCM nephrotoxicity were extracted from previous reports. In the DT analysis, a chi-squared automatic interaction detection algorithm was constructed. For evaluating the established algorithms, a 10-fold cross validation method was adopted to calculate the misclassification risk of the model. Moreover, to compare the accuracy of the DT analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS Eighty-seven (14.7%) patients developed nephrotoxicity. A VCM trough concentration of ≥15.0 mg/L, concomitant medication (vasopressor drugs and furosemide), and a duration of therapy ≥14 days were extracted to build the DT model, in which the patients were divided into 6 subgroups based on variable rates of nephrotoxicity, ranging from 4.6 to 69.6%. The predictive accuracies of the DT and logistic regression models were similar (87.3%, respectively), indicating that they were accurate. CONCLUSION This study suggests the usefulness of DT models for the evaluation of adverse drug reactions.
Determinants of College Completion.

We investigate whether the "match" between student ability and college quality is an important determinant of college graduation rates. We jointly estimate a multinomial probit model of college attendance decisions in which the alternatives are no college and attendance at college in four quality categories, and a binomial probit model of subsequent graduation decisions. By allowing the error terms to be correlated across alternatives and time periods, we identify the effects of observed factors net of their correlation with unobservables. We find that students of all ability levels have higher chances of graduating if the quality level of their college "matches" their observed skill level.
Analysis of RhoA-binding Proteins Reveals an Interaction Domain Conserved in Heterotrimeric G Protein β Subunits and the Yeast Response Regulator Protein Skn7*

To identify potential RhoA effector proteins, we conducted a two-hybrid screen for cDNAs encoding proteins that interact with a Gal4-RhoA.V14 fusion protein. In addition to the RhoA effector ROCK-I we identified cDNAs encoding Kinectin, mDia2 (a p140 mDia-related protein), and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, mNET1. ROCK-I, Kinectin, and mDia2 can bind the wild type forms of both RhoA and Cdc42 in a GTP-dependent manner in vitro. Comparison of the ROCK-I and Kinectin sequences revealed a short region of sequence homology that is both required for interaction in the two-hybrid assay and sufficient for weak interaction in vitro. Sequences related to the ROCK-I/Kinectin sequence homology are present in heterotrimeric G protein β subunits and in theSaccharomyces cerevisiae Skn7 protein. We show that β2 and Skn7 can interact with mammalian RhoA and Cdc42 and yeast Rho1, both in vivo and in vitro. Functional assays in yeast suggest that the Skn7 ROCK-I/Kinectin homology region is required for its function in vivo.
Framing effects in medical situations: Distinctions of attribute, goal and risky choice frames

Objective To verify whether three different framing effects (risky choice, attribute and goal) exist in simulated medical situations and to analyse any differences. Methods Medical decision-making problems were established, relating to medical skill evaluation, patient compliance and a selection of treatment options. All problems were described in positive and negative frame conditions. Results Significantly more positive evaluations were made if the doctor’s medical records were described as ‘of 100 patients, 70 patients became better’ compared with those described as ‘of 100 patients, 30 patients didn’t become better’. Doctor’s advice described in a negative frame resulted in significantly more decisions to comply, compared with advice described in a positive frame. Treatment options described in terms of survival rates resulted in significantly more adventurous choices compared with options described in terms of mortality rates. Decision-making reversal appeared in the risky choice and attribute frames, but not the goal frame. Conclusions Framing effects were shown to exist in simulated medical situations, but there were significant differences among the three kinds of such effects.