Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Population-Based Survey of Factors Relating to the Prevalence of Falls in Older People

Background: Research on older people’s perception regarding their quality of life and services and supports needed to maintain their independence was identified as a priority for the South Australian Department of Health in 2000–2001. This population survey was conducted to examine issues that older persons considered important in the areas of housing, transport, finances and information provision. Objective: The aim of this article is to present the characteristics of community-dwelling older adults who reported falling in the previous 12 months. Method: A random representative sample of community-dwelling adults, living in South Australia, and aged 65 years and over were selected based on a sample from the electronic white pages telephone directory. Overall, 2,619 interviews were conducted (70.5% response rate) using Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing technology. Results: Approximately 30% of older adults had experienced a fall in the previous 12 months. The characteristics of people who had fallen included those in the older age groups, with fair or poor general health, whose health had worsened in the last 12 months, with lower socioeconomic status, those born in an English-speaking country, needing assistance at home, and with a home in need of repair. Of the respondents who had experienced a fall in the previous 12 months, 71.8% did not consider that they were at risk of having another fall. Conclusion: There is a wide range of characteristics associated with community-dwelling older adults over the age of 65 who report falling in the previous 12 months. Perceptions of the risk of falling also vary. All factors need to be considered when targeting interventions to reduce the risk of both initial and multiple falls.
A Survey of House Price Hedonic Studies of the Impact of Environmental Externalities

This article reviews existing studies that have used the house price hedonic technique to estimate the prices that consumers are willing to pay for environmental goods such as air quality, water quality, and distance from toxic or potentially toxic sites. We examine whether the results obtained are consistent over the studies, if the estimated prices change over time and what role changes in information play in consumers' behavior. We also discuss what housing and neighborhood variables are included. Finally, we focus on those studies that have included more than one environmental good to see whether multiple measures yield different results.
Firms’ innovation embedded in their networks of collaboration: China compared to the world

Purpose: Innovation in a firm is performed in social contexts. Innovation is embedded in a network of relations around the firm, at micro-level, and in society, at macro-level. Innovation benefits from networking, but innovation, networking, and benefit of networking are hypothesized to differ between China and the rest of the world. Method: A fairly representative sample of 24,937 firms around the world, including 706 in China, reported on networking and innovation in Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012. These data on firms in many countries are analyzed by hierarchical mixed-linear models. Findings: Networking and innovation are as extensive in China as abroad, and networking benefits innovation considerably, but the benefit in China is significantly less than in the rest of the world. Value: This study seems the first to ascertain benefit of networking for innovation in China compared to elsewhere, using representative sampling so findings generalize to China and the World.
Publishing trends on climate change vulnerability in the conservation literature reveal a predominant focus on direct impacts and long time‐scales

Over the past twelve years the number of papers that explore the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the conservation literature has grown on average by 20% annually. By categorising these papers on their primary research questions, we show that the vast majority of these articles (88.6%) focus only on those impacts that arise directly as a result of climate change, ignoring the potentially significant indirect threats that arise from human adaptation responses. This pattern has remained fairly consistent throughout the review period (2000–2012), with a trend towards more articles considering both direct and indirect impacts towards the end of the period. We also find a bias in the time‐frames considered by published articles that project future impacts of climate change on biodiversity, with more than three‐quarters (77.9%) of papers only considering impacts after 2031, and almost half (49.1%) only considering impacts after 2051. This focus on long‐term, direct impacts creates a mismatch, not only with the life‐cycles of species and timescales of many ecological processes, but also with most management and policy timelines and the short‐term nature of human decision making processes. The focus on studying the long‐term, direct impacts of climate change on biodiversity is likely a function of the lack of availability of climate projections on shorter temporal scales; a perception that short‐term impacts will be minor; and, insufficient integration with the social and political sciences. While the direct impact of changes in mean climatic conditions will significantly change the biosphere by the end of the century, near term changes in seasonality and extreme events coupled with human adaptation responses are likely to have substantial impacts much sooner, threatening the survival of species and ecosystems. It is therefore essential that we balance our research efforts to facilitate a better understanding of these more imminent threats.
Energy Recycling by Co-Combustion of Coal and Recovered Paint Solids from Automobile Paint Operations

Abstract Experiments were carried out in a pilot-scale pulverized coal combustor at the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) burning a Powder River Basin (PRB) subbituminous coal. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) were used to measure the particle size distributions (PSDs) in the range of 17 nm to 10 μm at the inlet and outlet of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP). At the ESP inlet, a high number concentration of ultrafine particles was found, with the peak at approximately 75 nm. A trimodal PSD for mass concentration was observed with the modes at approximately 80-100 nm, 1-2 μm, and 10 μm. The penetration of ultrafine particles through the ESP increased dramatically as particle size decreased below 70 nm, attributable to insufficient or partial charging of the ultrafine particles. Injection of nanostructured fine-particle sorbents for capture of toxic metals in the flue gas caused high penetration of the ultrafine particles through the ESP. The conventional ESP was modified to enhance charging using soft X-ray irradiation. A slipstream of flue gas was introduced from the pilot-scale facility and passed through this modified ESP. Enhancement of particle capture was observed with the soft X-ray irradiation when moderate voltages were used in the ESP, indicating more efficient charging of fine particles.
Export Specialisation and Local Economic Growth

This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on whether export specialization or diversification is better for local economic growth. Using export data from 354 magisterial districts of South Africa for 1996 and 2001 we estimate spatial growth regressions that include measures of the degree of export specialization and diversification. Overall, exporting regions outperform other (less or non-) exporting regions. Also, we find that export specialisation, rather than export diversification, has been associated with local economic growth; with specialization in mining and agriculture being especially beneficial. Our results support the view that specialization in a locality’s area of comparative advantage is good for local economic development. We also find that localities with higher initial levels of human capital, and higher subsequent population growth, performed better. This is consistent with the belief that policies aimed at strengthening human capital and improving agglomeration economies, will enhance local economic development.
[Attitudes, knowledge and beliefs of patient about anti-hypertensive drugs].

INTRODUCTION Hypertension is an important public health problem in Colombia. One of the principal reasons for the poor effectiveness of interventions is the lack of knowledge and understanding of beliefs about this disease and its treatment. OBJECTIVE Profiles were determined for the atitudes, knowledge and beliefs of patients about antihypertensive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a sample of 202 hypertensive patients from a private clinical center in Bogotá, Colombia, the beliefs, knowledge and attitudes about antihypertensive treatment was determined by the use of Morisky-Green test, and Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. RESULTS Of these patients, 48% forgot to take the prescribed medication occasionally, 68% believed that if doctors had more time with patients, they will prescribe fewer medicines, and 40% did not know what physiological systems can be damaged by hypertension. CONCLUSION This study reinforces the necessity of improving the communication strategies of health professionals in the support of a positive clinician-patient relationship.
Learning the Enigma with Recurrent Neural Networks

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) represent the state of the art in translation, image captioning, and speech recognition. They are also capable of learning algorithmic tasks such as long addition, copying, and sorting from a set of training examples. We demonstrate that RNNs can learn decryption algorithms -- the mappings from plaintext to ciphertext -- for three polyalphabetic ciphers (Vigenere, Autokey, and Enigma). Most notably, we demonstrate that an RNN with a 3000-unit Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cell can learn the decryption function of the Enigma machine. We argue that our model learns efficient internal representations of these ciphers 1) by exploring activations of individual memory neurons and 2) by comparing memory usage across the three ciphers. To be clear, our work is not aimed at 'cracking' the Enigma cipher. However, we do show that our model can perform elementary cryptanalysis by running known-plaintext attacks on the Vigenere and Autokey ciphers. Our results indicate that RNNs can learn algorithmic representations of black box polyalphabetic ciphers and that these representations are useful for cryptanalysis.
Health or self‐indulgence? The motivations and characteristics of spa‐goers

This study examines the underlying factors that motivate travellers to search for spa experiences while travelling. It also attempts to explore the different perceptions of the spa experience and identify the relevant socio-demographic characteristics of spa-goers. Based on the findings from a focus group interview and a review of literature, an instrument consisting of 21 motivating items was developed and used in a survey of Hong Kong spa-goers. Factor analysis revealed that ‘relaxation and relief’, ‘escape’, ‘self-reward and indulgence’, and ‘health and beauty’ are important factors that motivate travellers to visit spas. The findings of this study will provide researchers and practitioners in the spa industry with useful insights into understanding the present nature of the demand of spa in the Asian market. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regular Dividend Announcements and Future Unexpected Earnings: An Empirical Analysis

Previous studies have interpreted stock price reaction to dividend announcements as being consistent with the hypothesis that any changes are forecasts of future corporate profits. Recent studies seem to provide evidence to this effect. This study provides additional empirical evidence pertaining to the issue of whether quarterly cash dividend announcements convey useful information about a firm's future profitability, beyond that contained in contemporaneous quarterly earnings announcements. The association between unexpected changes in quarterly dividends and unexpected accounting earnings in subsequent quarters is examined, after controlling for information contained in past and current earnings series. The results, based on a large sample of regular quarterly cash dividend changes, indicate that firms that increased (decreased) their dividends realized, on average, greater (smaller) unexpected accounting earnings in subsequent periods than firms that did not change their dividends. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.
Reduced cerebral vascularization in experimental neuronopathic Gaucher disease

The glycosphingolipidosis, Gaucher disease, in which a range of neurological manifestations occur, results from a deficiency of acid β‐glucocerebrosidase, with subsequent accumulation of β‐glucocerebroside, its upstream substrates, and the non‐acylated congener β‐glucosylsphingosine. However, the mechanisms by which end‐organ dysfunction arise are poorly understood. Here, we report strikingly diminished cerebral microvascular density in a murine model of disease, and provide a detailed analysis of the accompanying cerebral glycosphingolipidome in these animals, with marked elevations of β‐glucosylsphingosine. Further in vitro studies confirmed a concentration‐dependent impairment of endothelial cytokinesis upon exposure to quasi‐pathological concentrations of β‐glucosylsphingosine. These findings support a premise for pathogenic disruption of cerebral angiogenesis as an end‐organ effect, with potential for therapeutic modulation in neuronopathic Gaucher disease. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Cost to Firms of Cooking the Books

Abstract We examine the penalties imposed on the 585 firms targeted by SEC enforcement actions for financial misrepresentation from 1978–2002, which we track through November 15, 2005. The penalties imposed on firms through the legal system average only $23.5 million per firm. The penalties imposed by the market, in contrast, are huge. Our point estimate of the reputational penalty—which we define as the expected loss in the present value of future cash flows due to lower sales and higher contracting and financing costs—is over 7.5 times the sum of all penalties imposed through the legal and regulatory system. For each dollar that a firm misleadingly inflates its market value, on average, it loses this dollar when its misconduct is revealed, plus an additional $3.08. Of this additional loss, $0.36 is due to expected legal penalties and $2.71 is due to lost reputation. In firms that survive the enforcement process, lost reputation is even greater at $3.83. In the cross section, the reputation loss is positively related to measures of the firm's reliance on implicit contracts. This evidence belies a widespread belief that financial misrepresentation is disciplined lightly. To the contrary, reputation losses impose substantial penalties for cooking the books.
Nursing students' immunisation status and knowledge about viral hepatitis in Turkey: a multi-centre cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND The aims of this multi-centre cross-sectional survey were to detect Turkish nursing students' level of knowledge on viral hepatitis, to evaluate their rates of exposure to blood and to find out their hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination status. METHODS This multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 nursing schools located in the seven geographical regions of Turkey. A questionnaire composed of 47 questions on socio-demographic factors, level of knowledge on HAV, HBV, hepatitis C (HCV) immunisation status, exposure history and attitudes was applied to the study group. RESULTS A total of 1491 third- and fourth-year nursing students participated with an 89% response rate. The mean age of the participating students was 21.4 ± 1.3. Their mean knowledge score was 23.7 ± 4.6 (71/100) and was significantly higher in fourth-year students than third-year students. There were significant differences in mean scores among nursing schools. Among the participants, 85.3% had received HBV vaccine and 9.1% had received HAV vaccine. The percentage of students who signify themselves at increased risk of acquiring viral hepatitis was 97.3%. Of the students, 28.1% had sustained a needle-stick injury and 5.4% had experienced conjunctival exposure to blood. CONCLUSIONS Curriculum differences among nursing schools have a significant effect on nursing students' level of knowledge. For this reason, nursing schools should organize HBV immunisation programmes for their students to increase vaccination coverage.
The Changing Route to Owner Occupation: The Impact of Student Debt

The 1990s saw a considerable fall in young adult homeownership rates in Britain. There is a concern that the future might hold further falls as a result of reforms to financing higher education. Using estimates from a housing tenure choice model, this paper conducts micro-simulation analyses to assess how this change could affect young adult homeownership transitions. The simulations reveal that increased student debt levels and the new repayment profile and their interaction with lender-imposed borrowing restrictions delay a first-time homeownership transition. The extent of the delay primarily depends upon the expected earnings profile, but lender criteria and general rises/falls in real house prices are also important. The analysis suggests that there will be much greater variation in the timing of house purchase between different groups of future graduates, brought about by increased graduate earnings heterogeneity, homeownership affordability schemes targeted toward specific types of households, and parental financial assistance.
Comparison of the antiemetic effect of ramosetron with the combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron in middle ear surgery: A double-blind, randomized clinical study

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complication of middle ear surgery. Ondansetron has been shown to be effective for early PONV and dexamethasone has been shown to be effective for late PONV. Therefore, a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron is commonly used for middle ear surgery. This study was conducted to compare the combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone with ramosetron for early and late PONV up to 48 h after middle ear surgery. Methods: One hundred and twenty adults scheduled for middle ear surgery were allocated to receive either dexamethasone 8 mg and ondansetron 4 mg (n=60) or ramosetron 0.3 mg (n=60). General anesthesia with inhalation agents was used for all the patients. The incidence and severity of PONV, administration of rescue antiemetic, and the side effects of the antiemetic were documented during the first 48 h after surgery. Results: The incidence of nausea was significantly lower in the dexamethasone and ondansetron group compared to the ramosetron group between 2 and 24 h. The complete response, which is patients with no nausea or vomiting, was significantly more in dexamethasone and ondansetron group compared to ramosetron group between 2 and 24 h and between 24 and 48 h (76% vs. 56%, P=0.02, 93% vs. 81%, P=0.05, respectively). Overall, complete response was more in dexamethasone and ondansetron group compared to ramosetron group (71% vs. 40%, P=0.01). Conclusion: The combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron is superior to ramosetron for prevention of PONV after middle ear surgeries.
'I Do': Does Marital Status Affect How Much CEOs 'Do'?

This paper explores whether a CEO's marital status reveals unobservable risk preferences which influence their firm's investment and compensation policies. Using biographical data for CEOs of large domestic companies, we find that corporate deal-making activity (e.g., mergers, joint ventures, major capital expenditures, etc.) and overall firm riskiness both increase significantly with personal life restructuring (e.g., marriages and divorces). This relation is supported by an instrumental variables analysis and also an investigation surrounding CEO turnover. Finally, the link between a CEO's marital status and preference for option-based compensation further suggests that personal restructuring may be an indicator of executive risk appetites.
Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization Consumer Response to Information and Second-Generation Genetically Modified Food in India

This study investigates the Indian market for GM wheat. First, we address the obvious valuation and acceptance questions for Indian consumers. Then we investigate the extent to which the provision of information about GM wheat has any significant effect on consumers' willingness to pay and the degree to which the effect varies based on the information treatment. Finally, we consider whether the type of primary beneficiary of GM wheat production affects valuation. Specifically, we assess the conjecture that consumers' willingness to pay for GM wheat changes according to whether the crop is portrayed as producer-friendly or consumer-friendly.
Overstaying Guest Workers and the Incentives for Return

A guest-worker program can be a very flexible and convenient way of meeting labor shortages in a host country, assuming that the migrants adhere to the rules of the program. This article investigates the conditions under which guest workers have sufficient incentives for voluntary return to their country of origin when their work permits expire. Should they choose to overstay, the article examines how various factors influence the optimal duration of the overstay phase of a foreign worker’s planning horizon. The analysis is conducted in the context of a lenient enforcement regime that avoids deportations of undocumented aliens. It relies instead on eligibility criteria and pricing instruments, such as partial withholding of salary and an exit tax for those who overstay, to provide incentives for voluntary return at the end of the contract period. (JEL code: F22)
The Fast Growth of Neonatal Lung Ultrasound

We read with interest the ‘Journal Club’ section in the September 2016 issue of Indian Pediatrics, which commented on a randomized controlled trial on association between the Safe Delivery App and quality of care and perinatal survival in Ethiopia [1]. The commentary from an evidence-based-medicine viewpoint [2] rightly suggests that there are limited randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews on the efficacy of m-health, but we disagree with the viewpoint mentioned in the neonatologist’s perspective [3] that the utility of a mobile-based application is limited, and it cannot be applied to the current health system.
Sectoral Effects of Monetary Policy in Uganda

The paper investigates the sectoral effects of monetary policy in Uganda over the period 1999 to 2011. Sectors which are the key drivers of Uganda‟s GDP growth are analysed. These include agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors. The analysis based on pairwise granger causality test and estimating a recursive VAR reveals that the exchange rate channel is the most effective monetary policy transmission channel to all the three sectors studied, while the interest rates and bank credit channels remain relatively weak channels of monetary policy especially within the manufacturing sector. Furthermore, a positive shock in exchange rates results into growth of agriculture and service sectors‟ GDP. The contrast is realised in the manufacturing sector. Thus, based on these findings, empasis should be put on maintaining a stable exchange rate that favors both exports and imports to ensure growth of both the manufacturing sector which mainly relys on imported-inputs and the agricultural and services sectors‟ exports.