Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HSV‐1 Glycoproteins Are Delivered to Virus Assembly Sites Through Dynamin‐Dependent Endocytosis

Herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1) is a large enveloped DNA virus that belongs to the family of Herpesviridae. It has been recently shown that the cytoplasmic membranes that wrap the newly assembled capsids are endocytic compartments derived from the plasma membrane. Here, we show that dynamin‐dependent endocytosis plays a major role in this process. Dominant‐negative dynamin and clathrin adaptor AP180 significantly decrease virus production. Moreover, inhibitors targeting dynamin and clathrin lead to a decreased transport of glycoproteins to cytoplasmic capsids, confirming that glycoproteins are delivered to assembly sites via endocytosis. We also show that certain combinations of glycoproteins colocalize with each other and with the components of clathrin‐dependent and ‐independent endocytosis pathways. Importantly, we demonstrate that the uptake of neutralizing antibodies that bind to glycoproteins when they become exposed on the cell surface during virus particle assembly leads to the production of non‐infectious HSV‐1. Our results demonstrate that transport of viral glycoproteins to the plasma membrane prior to endocytosis is the major route by which these proteins are localized to the cytoplasmic virus assembly compartments. This highlights the importance of endocytosis as a major protein‐sorting event during HSV‐1 envelopment.
Medical Illnesses among Chronic Psychiatric Inpatients in Taif Mental Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia

Background/Introduction: Chronic psychiatric inpatients are prone to various medical illnesses because there multiple risk factors to develop such illnesses. Diabetes mellitus, heart diseases and hypertension have particular significance. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the pattern of medical illnesses namely diabetes mellitus, heart diseases and hypertension among chronic psychiatric inpatients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. This study collected data through a retrospective chart review. Epi-Info was used for data entry and analysis. Results: We analyzed 465 permanent (no plan for future discharge) psychiatric inpatients, 76.8% males, 89.2% of all patients fell within one age group of 41-50 years. 72.5% schizophrenics, 20.2% mentally retarded and 7.3% other psychiatric diagnoses. 30.1% had at least one associated medical comorbidity while Schizophrenia has the highest comorbidity (82.9%). The pattern of comorbidities among the population of psychiatric inpatients was: heart diseases (49.3%), hypertension (25%), and diabetes mellitus (25.7%). Conclusion: Medical comorbidity was present among psychiatric inpatients in Taif mental hospital mainly in schizophrenics. Heart diseases are the commonest.
Public Sector Wage Premium in Canada: Evidence from Labour Force Survey

Although previous research has pointed to a public/private sector wage gap for men and women in Canada, the extent of this gap has not been measured in recent years. Using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey for September 2008, and using an endogenous switching regression framework to control for self? selection, I find that both men and women earn a wage premium in the public sector in Canada, although the premium is higher for women. The pure wage premium or economic rent that public sector workers receive relative to their counterparts in the private sector is $1.09, or 5.4 per cent for men and $3.15, or 20 per cent for women. An analysis of selection in the pubic/private sector reveals that public sectors workers are positively selected on observables and consist of the cream of the crop.
Evolving Neo-fuzzy Neural Network with Adaptive Feature Selection

This paper suggests an approach to develop a class of evolving neural fuzzy networks with adaptive feature selection. The approach uses the neo-fuzzy neuron structure in conjunction with an incremental learning scheme that, simultaneously, selects the input variables, evolves the network structure, and updates the neural network weights. The mechanism of the adaptive feature selection uses statistical tests and information about the current model performance to decide if a new variable should be added, or if an existing variable should be excluded or kept as an input. The network structure evolves by adding or deleting membership functions and adapting its parameters depending of the input data and modeling error. The performance of the evolving neural fuzzy network with adaptive feature selection is evaluated considering instances of times series forecasting problems. Computational experiments and comparisons show that the proposed approach is competitive and achieves higher or as high performance as alternatives reported in the literature.
Childhood Cognitive Ability Predicts Adult Financial Well-Being

This study set out to investigate to what extent childhood cognitive ability, along with personality traits, education and occupational status, as well as marital status influence adult financial success. Data were drawn from a large, prospective birth cohort in the UK, the National Child Development Study (NCDS). The analytic sample was comprised of 4537 cohort members with data on parental social class (at birth), cognitive ability (at age 11), educational qualifications (at age 33), personality traits (at age 50), current marital status and occupational prestige, and salary/wage earning level (all measured at age 54). Correlational results showed that parental social class, childhood cognitive ability, traits extraversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and openness, being married positively, being divorced or separated negatively, education and occupation as well as gender were all significantly associated with adult earning ability (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Effect sizes for the relationship between intelligence and income was moderate. Results of a multiple regression analysis showed that childhood cognitive ability, traits conscientiousness and openness, educational qualifications and occupational prestige were significant and independent predictors of adult earning ability accounting for 30% of the total variance. There was also a gender effect on the outcome variable. Numerous limitations are noted.
Combination of Obesity and High-Fat Feeding Diminishes Sensitivity to GLP-1R Agonist Exendin-4

Gastrointestinal mechanisms involved in the suppression of appetite are compromised in obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released in response to nutrients, suppresses food intake, and has been shown to play a role in regulation of energy balance. It is not known whether obese-prone (OP) rats exhibit dysfunctional GLP-1 signaling that could contribute to decreased nutrient-induced satiation and hyperphagia. Therefore, we examined the effects of exogenous intraperitoneal administration of the GLP-1R agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), on food intake in OP and obese-resistant (OR) rats during chow or high-energy/high-fat (HE/HF) feeding. All doses of Ex-4 effectively suppressed intake in OP and OR rats fed chow; however, during HE/HF-feeding, OP rats suppressed intake significantly less than OR rats at all Ex-4 doses tested. This was associated with downregulation of GLP-1R mRNA expression in the vagal nodose ganglia of OP rats. Furthermore, HE/HF-fed OP rats had significantly lower plasma GLP-1 levels, decreased protein levels of GLP-1 in the intestinal epithelium, and reduced number of L cells in the distal ileum. These results demonstrate that HE/HF-feeding, coupled with OP phenotype, results in reduced endogenous GLP-1 and GLP-1R activation, indicating that impaired GLP-1 signaling during obesity may exacerbate hyperphagia and weight gain.
Recent Changes in Arctic Sea Ice: The Interplay between Ice Dynamics and Thermodynamics

Abstract It is well established that periods of high North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) index are characterized by a weakening of the surface high pressure and surface anticyclone in the Beaufort Sea and the intensification of the cyclonic circulation in the eastern Arctic Ocean. The response of Arctic sea ice to these atmospheric changes has been studied with a thickness distribution sea-ice model coupled to an ocean model. During a period of high NAO, 1989–96, the model shows a substantial reduction of ice advection into the eastern Arctic from the Canada Basin, and an increase of ice export through Fram Strait, both of which tend to deplete thick ice in the eastern Arctic Ocean and enhance it in the western Arctic, in an uneven dipolar pattern we call the East–West Arctic Anomaly Pattern (EWAAP). From the period 1979–88 with a lower-NAO index to the period 1988–96 with a high-NAO index, the simulated ice volume in the eastern Arctic drops by about a quarter, while that in the western Arctic increases by .
The limits to stock return predictability

We examine predictive return regressions from a new angle. We ask what observable univariate properties of returns tell us about the “predictive space” that deﬁnes the true predictive model: the triplet i λ, R2 x, ρ¢ , where λ is the predictor’s persistence, R2 x is the predictive R-squared, and ρ is the "Stambaugh Correlation" (between innovations in the predictive system). When returns are nearly white noise, and the variance ratio slopes downwards, the predictive space can be tightly constrained. Data on real annual US stock returns suggest limited scope for even the best possible predictive regression to out-predict the univariate representation, particularly over long horizons.
On the Optimality of Line Call Challenges in Professional Tennis

We study professional tennis players’ decisions of whether to challenge umpires’ calls using data on over 2,000 challenges in 35 tennis tournaments. The decision to challenge, which is simple to characterize, trades off reversing the umpire’s call against losing subsequent challenge opportunities. Qualitatively, players are more likely to challenge when the stakes are greater and when the option value of challenging is lower, as theory predicts. Quantitatively, players’ actual behavior is close to an optimal challenging strategy prescribed by a simple dynamic model. Our findings illustrate that professional decision makers develop decision rules that can approximate optimal behavior quite well.
The Effect of Microcredit on Standards of Living in Bangladesh

This paper asks a simple question: do microcredit programs positively affect the standard of living of poor households with little or no land ownership? Access to credit at favorable terms is likely to increase the number of economic opportunities available to a rural household. I use a fixed effect regression model to explore panel data on 855 households from Bangladesh compiled from an extensive household survey conducted between 1991 and 1999. I explored seven representative measures for different aspects of standard of living: household per capita weekly non-food expenditure, household per capita weekly food expenditure, household non-land asset ownership, household female non-land asset ownership, household landholding, highest number of years of education of any household female, and highest number of years of education of any household male. The results suggest that microcredit program participation had positive impact on per capita food expenditure, landholding, and women’s ownership of non-land assets. Microcredit seems to have had no significant, positive impact on overall household non-land asset accumulation and educational attainment.
Conflicting attitudes and scepticism towards online shopping: the role of experience

Researchers typically study how levels of risk perception about online shopping affect whether and how consumers use the channel to buy products. In this paper, we propose to study how different types of attitudes towards online shopping are formed when consumers consider both the benefit and the risk of using the Internet to do their shopping. We consider the possibility that general types of attitudes are formed when consumers' perception of the risk and the benefit of using online shopping conflict. We pay particular attention to the concept of online shopping scepticism where consumers may fully realize the benefit of using the Internet to do their shopping, but also express a certain level of concern about the risk of using that channel. In the risk literature, researchers have shown that experience and increased exposure to a particular technology usually involves the accumulation of more and better knowledge that in turn may lead to a reduction in the perception of the risks involved. In this research, we also explore the role of experience in the context of consumers' intention to use online shopping. More specifically, we postulate that online shopping experience has a direct effect as well as an indirect effect on the intention to use online shopping. Experience with online shopping directly increases the consumer's intention to use the Internet to buy products but it also reduces the degree of scepticism and risk aversion, and that in turn, also increases the intention to use online shopping.
A Heat-Shock Protein Axis Regulates VEGFR2 Proteolysis, Blood Vessel Development and Repair

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) binds to the VEGFR2 receptor tyrosine kinase, regulating endothelial function, vascular physiology and angiogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying VEGFR2 turnover and degradation in this response is unclear. Here, we tested a role for heat-shock proteins in regulating the presentation of VEGFR2 to a degradative pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 stimulated VEGFR2 degradation in primary endothelial cells and blocked VEGF-A-stimulated intracellular signaling via VEGFR2. HSP90 inhibition stimulated the formation of a VEGFR2-HSP70 complex. Clathrin-mediated VEGFR2 endocytosis is required for this HSP-linked degradative pathway for targeting VEGFR2 to the endosome-lysosome system. HSP90 perturbation selectively inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated human endothelial cell migration in vitro. A mouse femoral artery model showed that HSP90 inhibition also blocked blood vessel repair in vivo consistent with decreased endothelial regeneration. Depletion of either HSP70 or HSP90 caused defects in blood vessel formation in a transgenic zebrafish model. We conclude that perturbation of the HSP70-HSP90 heat-shock protein axis stimulates degradation of endothelial VEGFR2 and modulates VEGF-A-stimulated intracellular signaling, endothelial cell migration, blood vessel development and repair.
An Improved Selective Encryption for H.264 Video based on Intra Prediction Mode Scrambling

Video encryption is becoming increasingly important as multimedia applications gain more and more popularity. With a focus on the widely-used H.264 video coding standard, various encryption algorithms based on the intra prediction mode have been developed while suffering limited scrambling space and inadequate security. In this paper, the existing encryption algorithms are first analyzed with respect to the perception performance, plaintext scrambling space and key security. An encryption algorithm is then proposed by taking into account key distribution and synchronization, leading to improved encryption effect. In contrast to the existing algorithms, experiment results have shown that the proposed algorithm achieved higher security while less impact on the code length and frame rate. In addition, the computational complexity is reduced which facilitates real-time video applications.
Analysis of Lead Acid battery operation based on Peukert formula

The aim to keep the battery performance remains good, so the operation indicators need to be monitored at all times. Although the Peukert empirical formulation is simple and the result is a mathematical approach that is theoretically present, but these results are fundamental to the operation of the battery indicator. Value of the constants, in a narrow range, it is the most decisive indicator battery performance, especially Lead Acid. Performance parameters, such as capacity, SOC, voltage, etc. can be determined after a battery Peukert numerical values are known. Although only by modeling, computation and analysis, battery condition can be monitored, so that the performance can be properly maintained operation.
ASCA Compilation of X-Ray Properties of Hot Gas in Elliptical Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters: Two Breaks in the Temperature Dependences

Utilizing ASCA archival data of about 300 objects of elliptical galaxies, groups, and clusters of galaxies, we performed systematic measurements of the X-ray properties of hot gas in their systems, and compiled them in this paper. The steepness of the luminosity–temperature (LT) relation, LX ∝ (kT) α , in the range of kT ∼ 1.5–15keV is α =3 . 17 ± 0.15, consistent with previous measurements. In the relation, we find two breaks at around ICM temperatures of 1keV and 4keV: α =2 . 34 ±0.29 above 4keV, 3.74 ±0.32 in 1.5–5keV, and 4.03 ±1.07 below 1.5keV. Such two breaks are also evident in the temperature and size relation. The steepness in the LT relation at kT >4keV is consistent with the scale-relation derived from the CDM model, indicating that the gravitational effect is dominant in richer clusters, while poorer clusters suffer non-gravity effects. The steep LT relation below 1keV is almost attributed to X-ray faint systems of elliptical galaxies and galaxy groups. We found that the ICM mass within the scaling radius R1500 follows the relation of Mgas ∝ T 2.33±0.07 from X-ray faint galaxies to rich clusters. Therefore, we speculate that even such X-ray faint systems contain a large-scale hot gas, which is too faint to detect.
Lateralization of Auditory Rhythm Length in Temporal Lobe Lesions

In the visual modality, short rhythmic stimuli have been proven to be better processed (sequentially) by the left hemisphere, while longer rhythms appear to be better (holistically) processed by the right hemisphere. This study was set up to see if the same holds in the auditory modality. The rhythm task as originally designed by Seashore was computerized and is part of the Fepsy Neuropsychological battery. This task was performed by 85 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (left TLE = 32; right TLE = 53) enrolled in the Dutch Collaborative Epilepsy Surgery Program. They performed the task before and 6 months after surgery. The task consists of 30 pairs of rhythmic patterns in 3 series of 10 items. The series contains patterns of 5, 6, or 7 notes. The purpose is to indicate whether the two patterns are the same or different. Reaction times are also measured. If the hypothesis is true, the short-item sequence will be better processed by patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy (nonimpaired left temporal lobe), the longer sequence will be better processed by the left temporal epilepsy group (nonimpaired right temporal lobe). No overall laterality effect on rhythm perception could be found and no difference was found between both test moments. IQ did not correlate with rhythm performance. However, there was an interaction effect of laterality and rhythm length on performance and reaction time. This effect can be explained by the increase after the operation of the score of the left focus group and a decrease in the right focus group on the longer rhythms. This effect was somewhat less strong in the reaction times: a clear tendency for faster reaction times after surgery in the left and longer reaction times in the right focus group. The effect could not be explained for by the difference in extent of resection in either temporal lobe. This study showed that memory for and discrimination of auditory rhythm is dependent on which hemisphere is used in processing. The effect could be demonstrated for the right hemisphere, which uses a holistic processing of stimuli, which outperforms the left in rhythms consisting of a long sequence. In left temporal resections an improvement occurs on the longer rhythms and in right temporal resections the performance on the longest rhythms decreases.
C-SVDDNet: An Effective Single-Layer Network for Unsupervised Feature Learning

In this paper, we investigate the problem of learning feature representation from unlabeled data using a single-layer K-means network. A K-means network maps the input data into a feature representation by finding the nearest centroid for each input point, which has attracted researchers' great attention recently due to its simplicity, effectiveness, and scalability. However, one drawback of this feature mapping is that it tends to be unreliable when the training data contains noise. To address this issue, we propose a SVDD based feature learning algorithm that describes the density and distribution of each cluster from K-means with an SVDD ball for more robust feature representation. For this purpose, we present a new SVDD algorithm called C-SVDD that centers the SVDD ball towards the mode of local density of each cluster, and we show that the objective of C-SVDD can be solved very efficiently as a linear programming problem. Additionally, previous single-layer networks favor a large number of centroids but a crude pooling size, resulting in a representation that highlights the global aspects of the object. Here we explore an alternative network architecture with much smaller number of nodes but with much finer pooling size, hence emphasizing the local details of the object. The architecture is also extended with multiple receptive field scales and multiple pooling sizes. Extensive experiments on several popular object recognition benchmarks, such as MINST, NORB, CIFAR-10 and STL-10, shows that the proposed C-SVDDNet method yields comparable or better performance than that of the previous state of the art methods.
Experimental confirmation of 3- and 5-scroll attractors from a generalized Chua's circuit

In this work we present an experimental confirmation of 3- and 5-scroll attractors from a generalized Chua's circuit. The generalized Chua's circuit introduced by Suykens, Huang, and Chua makes use of a piecewise linear characteristic with multiple breakpoints leading to a more complete family of n-scroll attractors than n-double scroll attractors, with n a natural number.