Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postprandial lipid, glucose, insulin, and cholecystokinin responses in men fed barley pasta enriched with beta-glucan.

BACKGROUND Fiber regulates the rate and site of lipid and carbohydrate digestion and absorption and thus can modify the alimentary responses to a meal. When fiber sources containing viscous polysaccharides are included in a meal, a slower rate of carbohydrate and lipid absorption will modify the alimentary hormone and lipid responses. OBJECTIVE We investigated in 11 healthy men the response of insulin, glucose, cholecystokinin, and lipid to 2 test meals containing beta-glucan. DESIGN One of the meals was high in fiber (15.7 g) and the other meal was low in fiber (5.0 g). The low-fiber meal contained pasta made with wheat flour. The high-fiber meals contained pasta prepared by replacing 40% of the wheat with 2 types of barley flour: barley naturally high in beta-glucan and the other a flour enriched in beta-glucan during processing. RESULTS Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations increased significantly after all meals but the insulin response was more blunted after the barley-containing meals. The test meals were low in fat (25% of energy) but elicited an increase in plasma triacylglycerol and cholecystokinin. Cholecystokinin remained elevated for a longer time after the barley-containing meals. After the low-fiber meal, plasma cholesterol concentrations did not change significantly; however, 4 h after the barley-containing meals, the cholesterol concentration dropped below the fasting concentration and was significantly lower than that after the low-fiber meal. CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate was more slowly absorbed from the 2 high-fiber meals. Consumption of the barley-containing meals appeared to stimulate reverse cholesterol transport, which may contribute to the cholesterol-lowering ability of barley.
Morphological divergence and origin of sympatric populations of European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) in Lake Femund, Norway

Combining morphological and genetic analysis, we compared patterns of diversification within and between morphs among sympatric European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) populations in Lake Femund, Norway. Seven external populations, from potential colonization routes into Lake Femund were included. We found that deep‐, shallow‐, river‐ and bay spawning populations are distinct morphs in Lake Femund. Within morphs, populations range from being similar genetically (Fst = 0–0.005) among deep‐spawning populations to being highly differentiated (Fst = 0.153) between bay‐spawning populations. Between morphs, genetic differences ranged from a low (Fst = 0.008–0.022) between deep‐ and shallow‐spawning populations to high difference (Fst = 0.125–0.143) between shallow‐ and bay‐spawning populations. A higher proportion of molecular variance was seen among (3.9%) than within morphs (2.8%). The adaptive gene combinations behind the four morphs seem to have originated within the lake, although the lake could have been colonized from more than one source population.
Upward weight percentile crossing in infancy and early childhood independently predicts fat mass in young adults: the Stockholm Weight Development Study (SWEDES).

BACKGROUND Rapid early postnatal weight gain predicts increased subsequent obesity and related disease risks. However, the exact timing of adverse rapid postnatal weight gain is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the associations between rapid weight gain in infancy and in early childhood in relation to body composition at age 17 y. DESIGN This prospective cohort study was conducted in 248 (103 males) singletons and their mothers. Height and weight were measured at birth, 6 mo, and 3 and 6 y. The rates of weight gain during infancy (0-6 mo) and early childhood (3-6 y) were calculated as changes in sex- and age-adjusted weight SD scores during these time periods. At 17 y, body composition was measured by air-displacement plethysmography. RESULTS Increasing weight gain during infancy and early childhood were both independently associated with larger body mass index, fat mass, relative fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference at 17 y (P < 0.005 for all; adjusted for sex, birth weight, gestational age, current height, maternal socioeconomic status, and maternal fat mass). Rapid weight gain in infancy, but not in early childhood, also predicted taller height at 17 y (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Rapid weight gain in both infancy and early childhood is a risk factor for adult adiposity and obesity. Rapid weight gain in infancy also predicted taller adult height. We hypothesize that rapid weight gains in infancy and early childhood are different processes and may allow separate opportunities for early intervention against obesity risk later in life.
Geology and Geochronology of the Golpu Porphyry and Wafi Epithermal Deposit, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea

The Wafi-Golpu district of Papua New Guinea contains contrasting high- and intermediate-sulfidation styles of epithermal veins and alteration that have overprinted and partially obscured the giant, high-grade Golpu porphyry Cu-Au deposit. The initial stages of magmatic-hydrothermal activity produced high-grade porphyrystyle assemblages that are zoned about the Golpu diorite intrusions, with most mineralization formed between 8.76 ± 0.02 and 8.73 ± 0.01 Ma. Porphyry mineralization was followed by the eruption of the Wafi diatreme, after which upward-widening zones of epithermal alteration and mineralization have overprinted both the mineralized Golpu diorites and the Wafi diatreme. Above the top of the Golpu porphyry, vein and alteration assemblages include quartz (locally vuggy), alunite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, dickite, and diaspore, with high-sulfidation mineralization consisting of pyrite-covellite-chalcocite-tennantite ± enargite ± bornite that transitions outward to a distal assemblage of disseminated pyrite-sphalerite ± tennantite. A zone of intermediate-sulfidation epithermal carbonate-sulfide ± quartz ± adularia veins and montmorillonite-chlorite ± muscovite ± illite alteration occurs along the margins of the high-sulfidation domain. Most of the epithermal Au occurs near the transition from the high- to intermediate-sulfidation domains. New geochronological results indicate that the main stage of Golpu porphyry mineralization to the last stage of Wafi epithermal veins lasted between 120 and 220 k.y.
Inclusion of 10% fish oil in mixed medium-chain triacylglycerol-long-chain triacylglycerol emulsions increases plasma triacylglycerol clearance and induces rapid eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) incorporation into blood cell phospholipids.

BACKGROUND Lipolysis of a fish oil (FO) emulsion is much slower than that of a soybean [long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT)] emulsion; in contrast, emulsions containing medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) are efficiently hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase. OBJECTIVES We questioned whether incorporating 10% FO in a mixed MCT-LCT emulsion would affect plasma triacylglycerol clearance and provide efficient delivery of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to cells and tissues. DESIGN This prospective crossover study was conducted in 8 normolipidemic subjects with the use of the hypertriglyceridemic clamp model and compared plasma triacylglycerol clearance of a lipid emulsion (5:4:1) made of 50% MCT, 40% LCT, and 10% FO (wt:wt:wt) to a control (5:5) preparation with 50% MCT and 50% LCT. Subjects were daily infused for 5 h, over 4 consecutive days. Fatty acyl pattern was daily measured in plasma phospholipids as well as in leukocyte and platelet phospholipids. RESULTS Inclusion of 10% FO in mixed emulsion particles enhanced plasma clearance of infused triacylglycerols (18%; P < 0.0001). The faster elimination of the 5:4:1 emulsion appears related to an enhanced uptake of remnant particles rather than to faster intravascular lipolysis. Each infusion of 5:4:1 raised the eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3) concentration in blood cell phospholipids to reach a 7-fold enrichment in platelets and a >2-fold enrichment in leukocytes after 4 infusions. In contrast, the docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) concentration remained unchanged in blood cell phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS Infusion of a mixed emulsion with MCTs, soy LCTs, and FO is associated with efficient plasma triacylglycerol clearance and results in rapid incorporation of C20:5n-3 but not C22:6n-3 in leukocyte and platelet phospholipids.
Efficient Large Scale Acquisition of Building Interiors

We describe a system for the rapid acquisition of building interiors. In 40 hours, a two member team with a single acquisition device captured a model of the corridors and 20 individual rooms spanning 6 floors of a large building. Our custom acquisition device operates at interactive rates. The system provides immediate feedback to the operator. The operator guides the acquisition device in realtime and trivially avoids over sampling the planar parts of the scene such as floors, ceilings, walls, or doors. Most of the acquisition time budget is spent on the parts of the scene with complex geometry. A corridor section is modeled by acquiring a depth enhanced panorama (DEP) a teach one of its two ends and by fitting proxy geometry to the two DEPs. A room is acquired with a single DEP and proxy geometry is fitted to the planar parts. A room or a corridor section is acquired in less than 15 minutes. The acquisition device acquires high quality color intrinsically registered with the depth data. The resulting model is a texture mapped triangle mesh that supports photo realistic interactive rendering an dissuitable for applications such as virtual training and simulation.
Effect of 3 modified fats and a conventional fat on appetite, energy intake, energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation in healthy men.

BACKGROUND Different dietary fats are metabolized differently in humans and may influence energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, appetite regulation, and body weight regulation. OBJECTIVE We examined the short-term effects of 4 triacylglycerols (test fats) on subjective appetite, ad libitum energy intake, meal-induced thermogenesis, and postprandial substrate oxidation. DESIGN Eleven healthy, normal-weight men (mean age: 25.1 +/- 0.5 y) consumed 4 different test fats [conventional fat (rapeseed oil) and 3 modified fats (lipase-structured fat, chemically structured fat, and physically mixed fat)] in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. RESULTS No significant differences in appetite sensations or ad libitum energy intakes were observed between the 4 test fats. Overall, the 4 fats exerted different effects on energy expenditure (meal effect: P < 0.01) and substrate oxidation (interaction between meal and time: P < 0.05). In post hoc tests, the 3 modified fats resulted in significantly higher postprandial energy expenditure and fat oxidation than did the conventional fat (P < 0.008, Bonferroni adjusted); no significant differences were observed between the 3 modified fats. CONCLUSIONS Structured fats do not change short-term postprandial appetite sensations or ad libitum energy intakes but do result in higher postprandial energy expenditure and fat oxidation than do conventional fats and hence promote negative energy and fat balance. In humans, a physically mixed fat (trioctanoate + rapeseed oil) is metabolized as quickly as are structured fats. The position of medium-chain fatty acids on the glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols does not seem to affect energy expenditure or appetite.
Understanding the Yips in Golf: Thoughts, Feelings, and Focus of Attention in Yips-Affected Golfers

The yips in golf is the interruption of a smooth putting movement by an involuntary jerk or freezing of the arm. Psychological factors seem to worsen the phenomenon. However, published data on how the yips in golf is cognitively and emotionally experienced are very limited. Moreover, the focus of attention in yips-affected golfers has not been investigated. Thus, we interviewed 17 yips-affected golfers to record the thoughts and feelings that are experienced in a situation in which the yips occurs. In addition, we asked them about their focus of attention right before putting. Content analysis revealed a negative cognitive and emotional pattern for all golfers. Furthermore, 11 participants reported focusing either internally or on possible mistakes. The results contribute to an understanding of the yips in golf and provide a starting point for further investigations into possible interventions for the yips.
Fish-oil esters of plant sterols improve the lipid profile of dyslipidemic subjects more than do fish-oil or sunflower oil esters of plant sterols.

BACKGROUND Fish-oil fatty acid esters of plant sterols (FO-PS) were shown to have hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in animal models. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of FO-PS supplementation in healthy hypercholesterolemic persons fed an olive oil (OO)-based diet. DESIGN Twenty-one moderately overweight, hyperlipidemic subjects participated in a semi-randomized, single-blind, 4-period crossover study including 4 experimental isoenergetic diets of 4 wk each and 4-wk intervening washout periods. Diets contained 30% of energy as fat, of which 70% was from extra-virgin OO, and differed only in the supplement oil: OO, fish oil, FO-PS, or sunflower oil esters of plant sterols (SU-PS). Both fish oil and FO-PS provided 5.4 g total eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids/d. FO-PS, SU-PS, and OO provided the equivalent of 1.7, 1.7, and 0.02 g free plant sterols/d, respectively. RESULTS Fish oil and FO-PS resulted in fasting and postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations that were markedly lower than those observed with OO and SU-PS (P = 0.0001), but to a different extent. LDL cholesterol was significantly lower after supplementation with FO-PS and SU-PS than at the end of the control OO diet (P = 0.0031 and 0.0407, respectively). HDL cholesterol was not affected. FO-PS and SU-PS resulted in a lower ratio of total to HDL cholesterol and lower apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations than did OO and fish oil. The ratio of apoB to apoA was significantly lower after SU-PS consumption than after consumption of OO (P = 0.0126) and fish oil (P = 0.0292). FO-PS and SU-PS resulted in similar ratios of apoB to apoA. HDL2 and the ratio of HDL2 to HDL3 were significantly higher at the end of the FO-PS treatment than at the end of the OO (P = 0.0006), fish oil (P = 0.0036), and SU-PS (P = 0.0016) treatments. CONCLUSION Supplementation of an OO-based diet with FO-PS may reduce cardiovascular disease risk more than does supplementation with fish oil or SU-PS.
Kwashiorkor and mental development.

Nineteen children successfully treated for kwashiorkor were followed up to see the effect of early malnutrition on growth and mental functions. These children were compared with appropriately matched controls selected from the same locality and the school from which the experimental children were derived. These controls were matched for age, sex, religion, caste, socioeconomic status, family size, birth order, and educational level of the parents and the subjects. Suitable intelligence tests and sensory development tests were constructed and these tests were applied to both the experimental and control groups of children. In addition to these tests, anthropometric measurements were also taken on all children. The salient features of the study are: a) There was a significant difference between the performance of the control and the experimental subjects with regard to the intelligence tests. This difference was particularly marked in the younger age group (8-9 years) and tended to diminish in the older age group (10-11 years). b) Intersensory organization was poorer in the experimental subjects than in the control subjects. The performance in the intersensory tests was markedly poorer in the younger age group and tended to improve in the older age group (10-11 years). c) The retardation was noticeable mainly with regard to perceptual and abstract abilities.
Erythrocyte fatty acids and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND The role of individual fatty acids in the development and progression of breast cancer is unclear. Although in vitro and animal experiments have supported an inverse association between intake of long chain n-3 fatty acids [primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid] and breast cancer risk, findings from population studies are inconsistent. Recent studies have also shown associations between the ratio of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids (SI) and breast cancer risk. The SI reflects the activity of several genes involved in lipid metabolism, including fatty acid synthase and steroyl coenzyme-A desaturase, that have been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this analysis was to determine the association between erythrocyte fatty acid concentrations and breast cancer risk among women participating in a randomized trial of breast self-examination in Shanghai, China. DESIGN We conducted a case-control study. Erythrocyte fatty acid concentrations were determined in specimens from 322 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 1030 frequency age-matched control women. RESULTS We report a significant direct association among palmitic, gamma-linolenic, palmitoleic, and vaccenic acids and risk of breast cancer. Total n-3 fatty acids, EPA, and the SI for palmitic to palmitoleic acid were associated with significantly lower risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our results support a protective effect of n-3 fatty acids on breast cancer risk and provide additional evidence for the importance of evaluating the ratio of fatty acids when evaluating diet and breast cancer risk.
Aging is associated with diminished accretion of muscle proteins after the ingestion of a small bolus of essential amino acids.

BACKGROUND Previous evidence suggests that aging in healthy persons does not result in decreased incorporation of muscle proteins after a bolus ingestion of 15 g essential amino acids (EAAs). OBJECTIVE We sought to examine whether ingestion of a smaller bolus of EAAs is associated with diminished accretion of muscle proteins in the elderly when compared with the young. DESIGN Eleven elderly subjects (mean +/- SEM: 68 +/- 2 y) and 8 young control subjects (mean +/- SEM: 31 +/- 2 y) were studied in the postabsorptive state and for 3.5 h after a bolus ingestion of approximately 7 g EAAs. Muscle protein accretion and synthesis were measured with the femoral arteriovenous phenylalanine net balance technique during a constant infusion of L-[ring-(2)H5]phenylalanine. RESULTS Similar to previous observations, no significant differences in the postabsorptive phenylalanine net balance were observed between the groups. However, the mean (+/-SEM) net phenylalanine uptake after EAA ingestion was significantly less in the elderly (9.9 +/- 3.7 mg/leg) than in the young (25.1 +/- 3.7 mg/leg; P < 0.05). The mean (+/-SEM) rate of disappearance of phenylalanine during the same period significantly increased above basal rates in the young (36 +/- 3 compared with 30 +/- 3 nmol x min(-1) x 100 mL leg volume(-1); P < 0.05) but not in the elderly (30 +/- 3 compared with 28 +/- 5 nmol x min(-1) x 100 mL leg volume(-1); P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that aging results in a diminished accretion of muscle proteins after ingestion of a small dose of EAAs. These findings may have practical implications with respect to the amount of protein contained in supplements given to the elderly for enhancing the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis.
Effect of Microfillers on Selected Destructive and Nondestructive Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars: Different Types of Recycled Materials

The paper presents the use of non-destructive testing to determine the evolution of mechanical properties. For testing, we used the resonance method. The measuring device of company Brüel&Kjær was used. Specifically, evolution of dynamic modulus of elasticity (determined from the longitudinal and transverse vibration) and the shear modulus was determined for the first 28 days after production of the samples. The results of non-destructive method were also used for verifying the relevance of the results of destructive testing, specifically the results of the compressive strength and a three-point flexural strength. Testing of mechanical properties was performed on samples of cement mortars, where the micronized recycled concrete and micronized marble powder were used as microfillers, both materials were prepared on a high-speed mill of the Lavaris company (Czech Republic).
Pelagic fish assemblages assessed using mid-water baited video: standardising fish counts using bait plume size

We used a novel mid-water baited remote underwater video (BRUV) technique to sur- vey pelagic and mid-water fish assemblages at Lord Howe Island Marine Park, off eastern Australia (31.5° S, 159.1° E). We found differences in assemblages among regions separated on a scale of ~10s of kilometres. Of the environmental variables measured in the present study (depth, temperature, water current speed), current speed had the greatest influence on the structure of pelagic assem- blages. Carcharhinus galapagensis, Seriola rivoliana and Scomber australasicus had similar distribu- tions and were associated with low flow environments. Seriola lalandi was associated with the higher flow environments sampled during our surveys, although current speeds in the sample area were rel- atively slow (0.03 to 0.34 m s -1 ; mean 0.17 m s -1 ). Relationships between pelagic assemblages and current speed were detected when abundances were calculated using an area-based approximation for plume dispersal, but were not detected using a linear approximation, or when current was assumed constant across all BRUV deployments. Our results demonstrate the difficulty in separating the dual effects of current speed in BRUV studies: the effect of current on bait plume size and associ- ated estimates of fish abundance, and the role of current as an aspect of preferred pelagic fish habi- tat. We recommend the use of area-based approximations of plume dispersal and the inclusion of accurate estimates of current speed as a statistical covariate when interpreting mid-water BRUV data. Our results indicate that oceanographic characteristics can be important for pelagic fish habitat selection over the scale of kilometres and should be considered during marine protected area zoning.