Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approximate Networking for Universal Internet Access

Despite the best efforts of networking researchers and practitioners, an ideal Internet experience is inaccessible to an overwhelming majority of people the world over, mainly due to the lack of cost-efficient ways of provisioning high-performance, global Internet. In this paper, we argue that instead of an exclusive focus on a utopian goal of universally accessible “ideal networking” (in which we have a high throughput and quality of service as well as low latency and congestion), we should consider providing “approximate networking” through the adoption of context-appropriate trade-offs. In this regard, we propose to leverage the advances in the emerging trend of “approximate computing” that rely on relaxing the bounds of precise/exact computing to provide new opportunities for improving the area, power, and performance efficiency of systems by orders of magnitude by embracing output errors in resilient applications. Furthermore, we propose to extend the dimensions of approximate computing towards various knobs available at network layers. Approximate networking can be used to provision “Global Access to the Internet for All” (GAIA) in a pragmatically tiered fashion, in which different users around the world are provided a different context-appropriate (but still contextually functional) Internet experience.
Quantitative proteomics of fractionated membrane and lumen exosome proteins from isogenic metastatic and nonmetastatic bladder cancer cells reveal differential expression of EMT factors

Cancer cells secrete soluble factors and various extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, into their tissue microenvironment. The secretion of exosomes is speculated to facilitate local invasion and metastatic spread. Here, we used an in vivo metastasis model of human bladder carcinoma cell line T24 without metastatic capacity and its two isogenic derivate cell lines SLT4 and FL3, which form metastases in the lungs and liver of mice, respectively. Cultivation in CLAD1000 bioreactors rather than conventional culture flasks resulted in a 13‐ to 16‐fold increased exosome yield and facilitated quantitative proteomics of fractionated exosomes. Exosomes from T24, SLT4, and FL3 cells were partitioned into membrane and luminal fractions and changes in protein abundance related to the gain of metastatic capacity were identified by quantitative iTRAQ proteomics. We identified several proteins linked to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, including increased abundance of vimentin and hepatoma‐derived growth factor in the membrane, and casein kinase II α and annexin A2 in the lumen of exosomes, respectively, from metastatic cells. The change in exosome protein abundance correlated little, although significant for FL3 versus T24, with changes in cellular mRNA expression. Our proteomic approach may help identification of proteins in the membrane and lumen of exosomes potentially involved in the metastatic process.
Cloud Computing Overview

Cloud Computing is deemed the main trend of IT development for the coming decades, and it is to have a profound impact on the development of the human society and the world economy. In this chapter, the authors examine the history of cloud computing, the technical and business models, and the global implications of cloud computing’s development in the near future. Finally, the market demands for cloud computing and the foreseeable developmental stages are explored. THE HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud computing was not born overnight. The concept of the Cloud in reality had encompassed the entire history of business machines and the Internet. In as early as 1961, when the first manned space craft was launched into space, a computer scientist and Turing Award recipient, John McCarthy, predicted: “Like the public telephone networks, the future of computing will be organized in such a way that it will be offered much like public resources and utilities. This will bring about a whole new industry. ” In 1964, an American inventor, Douglas Engelbart, did research in the area of human-computer interactions, which brought the rise of computer mice, links and network machines. During the same period, the ARPANet inventor, J.C. R. Licklider, had foreseen grid computing in the form of global network delivery. In the 1990s, grid computing was very popular and extremely similar to cloud computing, in that access for computing power became as easy as plugging into the electricity grid. (Baidu Encyclopedia, 2013) Microsoft had been quite closely related to cloud computing. It could be said that the Cloud operating system was a Microsoft invention. The former President of Microsoft Platform and Services group, Jim Alchin, while working on Yushi Shen Microsoft Corporation, USA Yale Li Microsoft Corporation, USA Ling Wu EMC2 Corporation, USA Shaofeng Liu Microsoft Corporation, USA Qian Wen Endronic Corp, USA
Methodology for sustainability strategic planning and management

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework that intends to help organisations achieve the sustainability goal by means of a methodology that integrates sustainability in both the planning and management tasks of the organisation and that serves as a base for the implementation of an information system aligned with the business strategy. , – After an exhaustive review of literature about corporate social responsibility, strategic planning of organisations and balanced scorecards (BSCs), a methodology has been developed that describes the process of designing and implementing a sustainability BSC for sustainability strategic planning and management. , – The methodology can be easily implemented at companies with a minimum of computer resources, but managers play a key role in its success, since they are the responsible for providing the necessary environment for overcoming such an important change. , – The methodology has only been applied once and their results will only be able to be analysed after a long time. Meanwhile, more implementations have to be performed to test and improve the different steps und tools until the methodology can be considered definitive. , – The methodology could be used by many organisations, improving their social and environmental performance and contributing to their sustainability and the sustainability of all of their stakeholders, specially for society as a whole. Readers of this paper could see a practical application of methodology and its viability by means of the case. , – An innovative structure for BSCs which has been developed having in mind the sustainability since the beginning, but not justly adding environmental and social variables to a model designed with economical purposes.
Detection of Fossil and Biogenic Methane at Regional Scales Using Atmospheric Radiocarbon

Regional emissions of methane and their attribution to a variety of sources presently have large uncertainties. Measurements of radiocarbon (14C) in methane (CH4) may provide a method for identifying regional CH4 emissions from fossil versus biogenic sources because adding 14C‐free fossil carbon reduces the 14C/C ratio (Δ14CH4) in atmospheric CH4 much more than biogenic carbon does. We describe an approach for estimating fossil and biogenic CH4 at regional scales using atmospheric Δ14CH4 observations. As a case study to demonstrate expected Δ14CH4 and Δ14CH4‐CH4 relationships, we simulate and compare Δ14CH4 at a network of sites in California using two gridded CH4 emissions estimates (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, EDGAR, and Gridded Environmental Protection Agency, GEPA) and the CarbonTracker‐Lagrange model for 2014, and for 2030 under business‐as‐usual and mitigation scenarios. The fossil fraction of CH4 (F) is closely linked with the simulated Δ14CH4‐CH4 slope and differences of 2–21% in median F are found for EDGAR versus GEPA in 2014, and 7–10% for business‐as‐usual and mitigation scenarios in 2030. Differences of 10% in F for >200 ppb of added CH4 produce differences of >10‰ in Δ14CH4, which are likely detectable from regular observations. Nuclear power plant 14CH4 emissions generally have small simulated median influences on Δ14CH4 (0–7‰), but under certain atmospheric conditions they can be much stronger (>30‰) suggesting they must be considered in applications of Δ14CH4 in California. This study suggests that atmospheric Δ14CH4 measurements could provide powerful constraints on regional CH4 emissions, complementary to other monitoring techniques.
Mutations in exon 12 of JAK2 are mainly found in JAK2 V617F‐negative polycythaemia vera patients

blood counts and immune function. This patient’s transplant conditioning regimen was designed to limit exposure to agents that may cause adverse effects in children with chromosomal breakage syndromes. Use of alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1H) and fludarabine provided the required immune suppression, while the lowest considerable dose of the alkylator melphalan was adequate to provide modest myeloablation and to ensure successful engraftment. To our knowledge, this is the first account of a reducedintensity HSCT from an unrelated donor in a patient with Seckel syndrome. One prior report described the use of a conventional transplant regimen in a Seckel syndrome patient (Esperou-Bourdeau et al, 1993). Reduced-intensity HSCT conditioning regimens have been successfully used in other bone marrow failure syndromes (Shenoy et al, 2005; Gruhn et al, 2007) and metabolic disorders (Hansen et al, 2007). Selecting an appropriate conditioning regimen for a child with Seckel syndrome is particularly challenging due to the heterogeneity of the disorder and the lack of prior reports to guide the choice. There is a high likelihood that Seckel syndrome patients will exhibit some degree of increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, even with normal mitomycin C or DEB chromosomal breakage studies. The preparative regimen that we selected, with emphasis on immune suppression and minimal use of DNA-damaging agents, is an attractive option for additional children with this disorder, in the absence of an available test to quantify increased sensitivity.
CpG-depleted promoters harbor tissue-specific transcription factor binding signals—implications for motif overrepresentation analyses

Motif overrepresentation analysis of proximal promoters is a common approach to characterize the regulatory properties of co-expressed sets of genes. Here we show that these approaches perform well on mammalian CpG-depleted promoter sets that regulate expression in terminally differentiated tissues such as liver and heart. In contrast, CpG-rich promoters show very little overrepresentation signal, even when associated with genes that display highly constrained spatiotemporal expression. For instance, while ∼50% of heart specific genes possess CpG-rich promoters we find that the frequently observed enrichment of MEF2-binding sites upstream of heart-specific genes is solely due to contributions from CpG-depleted promoters. Similar results are obtained for all sets of tissue-specific genes indicating that CpG-rich and CpG-depleted promoters differ fundamentally in their distribution of regulatory inputs around the transcription start site. In order not to dilute the respective transcription factor binding signals, the two promoter types should thus be treated as separate sets in any motif overrepresentation analysis.
Effect of alum co-adjuvantation of oil adjuvant vaccine on emulsion stability and immune responses against haemorhagic septicaemia in mice

Background and Objectives: Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), caused by Pasteurella multocida, is the most important bacterial disease of cattle and buffaloes in India. Oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) is the most potent vaccine available for the control of HS. The study aims to evaluate the effect of alum co-adjuvantation of OAV on emulsion stability and immune response. Materials and Methods: Two different oil adjuvant vaccines viz., standard oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) and alum precipitated oil adjuvant vaccine (A–OAV) were prepared with Pasteurella multocida antigen. Emulsion stability was tested by centrifugation, storage at 37 °C for 3 months and microscopy. Immune responses were evaluated by ELISA antibody titer, CD4, CD8 T cell populations and survival post challenge by P. multocida in mice. Results: The separation of aqueous and oil phase of emulsion by centrifugation and storage test were 0 and 6.76% in A-OAV as compared to 11.00 and 26.39% in OAV, respectively. The mean droplet size was significantly smaller (p<0.01) in A–OAV as compared to OAV. The A–OAV recorded higher ELISA antibody titer (p<0.05) up to 21st days post vaccination, and higher CD4 (p>0.05) and CD8 T cell (p<0.05) populations compared to OAV. The A–OAV group conferred 100% protection after challenge with both 100 LD50 and 1000 LD50 as compared to 100 and 60% respective protection by OAV group. Conclusion: The results indicates that A–OAV had better emulsion stability, produces higher level of CD4, CD8 T cells and antibody titer with better protection compared to oil adjuvant vaccine.
The effect of vincristine on methotrexate uptake and inhibition of DNA synthesis by human lymphoblastoid cells.

Vincristine (VCR) has been shown to enhance the transport of methotrexate (MTX) in animal systems and in acute myelogenous leukemia cells in vitro . In this report, the uptake of MTX and the effect of VCR were studied in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines grown in tissue culture. The effect of VCR on MTX suppression of deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA by these cell lines was also investigated. The data indicate that an extracellular VCR concentration achievable following conventional single i.v. doses used clinically (0.1 µm) failed to enhance total intracellular MTX accumulation in either cell line at either conventional (1 µm) or “high-dose” (100 µm) extracellular MTX concentrations. An extracellular VCR concentration not achievable clinically (10 µm) did enhance total intracellular MTX at both MTX concentrations in both cell lines. However, neither VCR concentration (0.1 or 10 µm) enhanced the ability of MTX to suppress the incorporation of deoxyuridine into DNA, thought to be of vital importance to the antitumor effect of MTX. However, maximal suppression of deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA by MTX alone may have precluded detection of a VCR effect. The results suggest that individual tumor thresholds exist for the MTX-VCR interaction and suggest that the empiric addition of VCR to clinical trials MTX, especially in the high-dose protocols currently being investigated, may be unwarranted. Further studies with a variety of human tumors are indicated to define more clearly the MTX-VCR interaction and its applicability to clinical trials.
Transition control of plane Poiseuille flow - a spatially interconnected model

This paper proposes a new mathematical model for the transition control problem in plane Poiseuille flow. Most of the previously proposed models are based on pseudospectral approaches and are valid only for a single spatial wave number. In this work we propose a new model which is based on a finite difference approach in streamwise direction and a spectral approach in wall normal direction. The model obtained is valid for all spatial frequencies and can be used for the synthesis of controllers for flow control problems, using some recently developed ideas for spatially interconnected systems. Since these controllers are designed in physical domain they are simple to implement using MEMS arrays. The model is compared with results obtained with previously proposed models and is found to be in good agreement with them. To illustrate its usefulness, a stabilizing dynamic output feedback controller is designed for a Reynolds number of 6000.
Structure-Preserving Reduction of Finite-Difference Time-Domain Equations With Controllable Stability Beyond the CFL Limit

The timestep of the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) is constrained by the stability limit known as the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition. This limit can make FDTD simulations quite time consuming for structures containing small geometrical details. Several methods have been proposed in the literature to extend the CFL limit, including implicit FDTD methods and filtering techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, which combines model-order reduction and a perturbation algorithm to accelerate FDTD simulations beyond the CFL barrier. We compare the proposed algorithm against existing implicit and explicit CFL extension techniques, demonstrating increased accuracy and performance on a large number of test cases, including resonant cavities, a waveguide structure, a focusing metascreen, and a microstrip filter.
Acceptability of Robot Assistant in Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Children.

BACKGROUND To find out whether children with type 1 diabetes accept a humanoid robot as an assistant in their diabetes management. In particular, the study aims to determine how the patients feel the robot may contribute to their care and how they respond to advice and education provided by the robot. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A humanoid robot was used in clinic and its acceptability was tested over 3 months in 37 children (aged 6-16 years) with type 1 diabetes during their clinic visits. RESULTS The obtained result showed that the overall patients' acceptability is 86.7%. However, the level of acceptability varies depending on the age group; patients aged 6-9 years showed the highest acceptability level of 94.8%, while the older age groups, 10-12 and 13-16 years, showed lower acceptability levels of 85.0% and 83.0%, respectively. There was no difference in the overall acceptability of the robot between the male and female patients (87.0% and 86.5%, respectively). Furthermore, features of the robot that were highly desirable include ability of the robot to give advice on high/low blood glucose (BG) levels (92.0%), how much the patients like the robot (91.4%), and ability of the robot to give advice on BG patterns (90.6%). In contrast, some other features were found least acceptable such as how likely patients want the robot as a companion (81.0%) and calculation of insulin doses with meals (82.53%). Analysis of variance across the responses of different age groups showed that P-value = 0.00003. CONCLUSION Use of robots as a new device to support diabetes self-management in children was well accepted by patients.
On the hardness of pricing loss-leaders

Consider the problem of pricing n items under an unlimited supply with m buyers. Each buyer is interested in a bundle of at most k of the items. These buyers are single minded, which means each of them has a budget and they will either buy all the items if the total price is within their budget or they will buy none of the items. The goal is to price each item with profit margin p1, p2,. , pn so as to maximize the overall profit. When k = 2, such a problem is called the graph-vertex-pricing problem. Another special case of the problem is the highway-pricing problem when the items (toll-booths) are arranged linearly on a line and each buyer (as a driver) is interested in paying for a path that consists of consecutive items. The goal again is to price the items (tolls) so as to maximize the total profits. There is an O(k)-approximation algorithm by [BB06] when the price on each item must be above its margin cost; i.e., pi > 0 for every i e [n]. As for the highway problem, a PTAS is shown in [GR11]. We investigate the above problem when the seller is allowed to price some of the items below their margin cost. It is shown in [BB06, BBCH07] that by pricing some of the items below cost, the maximum profit can increase by a factor of Ω(log n). These items sold at low prices to stimulate other profitable sales are called "loss leaders". Given the possibility of making more profit, understanding the approximability of pricing loss leaders for graph-vertex-pricing, highway-pricing as well as the general item pricing problem are formulated as open problems in [BB06,BBCH07]. In this paper, we obtain strong hardness of approximation result for the problem of pricing loss leaders. First we show that it is NP-hard to get better than O(log log log n)-approximation when k ≥ 3. This improves a previous super-constant hardness result assuming the Unique Games Conjecture [Wu11]. In addition, we show a super-constant Unique-Games hardness for the highway-pricing problem as well as the graph-vertex-pricing problem.
Social Rankings in Human-Computer Committees

Despite committees and elections being widespread in thereal-world, the design of agents for operating in humancomputer committees has received far less attention than thetheoretical analysis of voting strategies. We address this gapby providing an agent design that outperforms other voters ingroups comprising both people and computer agents. In oursetting participants vote by simultaneously submitting a ranking over a set of candidates and the election system uses a social welfare rule to select a ranking that minimizes disagreements with participants’ votes. We ran an extensive studyin which hundreds of people participated in repeated votingrounds with other people as well as computer agents that differed in how they employ strategic reasoning in their votingbehavior. Our results show that over time, people learn todeviate from truthful voting strategies, and use heuristics toguide their play, such as repeating their vote from the previous round. We show that a computer agent using a bestresponse voting strategy was able to outperform people in thegame. Our study has implication for agent designers, highlighting the types of strategies that enable agents to succeedin committees comprising both human and computer participants. This is the ﬁrst work to study the role of computeragents in voting settings involving both human and agent participants.
MicroRNA-214 Suppresses Growth and Invasiveness of Cervical Cancer Cells by Targeting UDP-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7*

Background: Recent research has uncovered tumor-suppressive and oncogenic potential of miRNAs. Results: miR-214 suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells by targeting GALNT7. Conclusion: Down-regulation of miR-214 results in overexpressed GALNT7, contributing to tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. Significance: The identification of tumor suppressor miR-214 and its oncogenic target GALNT7 in cervical cancer cells is potentially valuable for cancer diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that function as key regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-214 is frequently down-regulated in cervical cancer, and its expression reduces the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells, whereas inhibiting its expression results in enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion. miR-214 binds to the 3′-UTR of UDP-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7 (GALNT7), thereby repressing GALNT7 expression. Furthermore, we are the first to show, using quantitative real-time PCR, that GALNT7 is frequently up-regulated in cervical cancer. The knockdown of GALNT7 markedly inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas ectopic expression of GALNT7 significantly enhances these properties, indicating that GALNT7 might function as an oncogene in cervical cancer. The restoration of GALNT7 expression can counteract the effect of miR-214 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells. Together, these results indicate that miR-214 is a new regulator of GALNT7, and both miR-214 and GALNT7 play important roles in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.