Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reusability of EMR Data for Applying Cubbin and Jackson Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale in Critical Care Patients

Objectives The purposes of this study were to examine the predictive validity of the Cubbin and Jackson pressure ulcer risk assessment scale for the development of pressure ulcers in intensive care unit (ICU) patients retrospectively and to evaluate the reusability of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) data. Methods A retrospective design was used to examine 829 cases admitted to four ICUs in a tertiary care hospital from May 2010 to April 2011. Patients who were without pressure ulcers at admission to ICU, 18 years or older, and had stayed in ICU for 24 hours or longer were included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results The reported incidence rate of pressure ulcers among the study subjects was 14.2%. At the cut-off score of 24 of the Cubbin and Jackson scale, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and AUC were 72.0%, 68.8%, 27.7%, 93.7%, and 0.76, respectively. Eight items out 10 of the Cubbin and Jackson scale were readily available in the EMR data. Conclusions The Cubbin and Jackson scale performed slightly better than the Braden scale to predict pressure ulcer development. Eight items of the Cubbin and Jackson scale except mobility and hygiene can be extracted from the EMR, which initially demonstrated the reusability of EMR data for pressure ulcer risk assessment. If the Cubbin and Jackson scale is a part of the EMR assessment form, it would help nurses perform tasks to effectively prevent pressure ulcers with an EMR alert for high-risk patients.
Extending Waring's conjecture to 471,600,000

Two computer techniques are described that the authors used to confirm Waring's Conjecture to 471,600,000, thus extending R. M. Stemmler's result of 200,000 computed in 1964. M. C. Wunderlich increased the result to 175,600,000 in August 1988, and in the following October, J. M. Kubina, using a method suggested by Jean-Marc Deshouillers, raised it to 471,600,000.
, Schwartz , and Triandis Incentives , Morality , Or Habit ?

The predictive power of the Ajzen, Triandis, and Schwartz models are compared in the context of car use for university routes. Two hundred fifty-four students filled out a questionnaire designed to measure the components of the three models. In the prediction of intention to use a car, results indicated that one variable from the Trinandis model—role beliefs—increased the explanatory power offered by the components of the Ajzen model. In the prediction of self-reported car use, one variable of the Triandis model—car use habit—significantly increased the predictive power of the Ajzen model. The central variable of the Schwartz model—personal norm—exerted no significant effect either on intention or on behavior. The 264 AUTHORS’NOTE: This research was supported by the German Science Foundation Grant Schm 658/6-2 to Peter Schmidt. We thank Tanja Keller and Carsten Mertens for their assistance in conducting the study. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Sebastian Bamberg, Institut für Politikwissenschaften, Fachbereich 03, Universität Giessen, Karl-Glöckner-Str. 21E, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; e-mail: sebastian.bamberg@sowi.uni-giessen.de. ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR, Vol. 35 No. 2, March 2003 264-285 DOI: 10.1177/0013916502250134 © 2003 Sage Publications © 2003 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on April 14, 2008 http://eab.sagepub. com Downloaded from implications of the findings for interventions to reduce the car use of students for university routes are discussed.
On perfect document rankings for expert search

Expert search systems often employ a document search component to identify on-topic documents, which are then used to identify people likely to have relevant expertise. This work investigates the impact of the retrieval effectiveness of the underlying document search component. It has been previously shown that applying techniques to the underlying document search component that normally improve the effectiveness of a document search engine also have a positive impact on the retrieval effectiveness of the expert search engine. In this work, we experiment with fictitious perfect document rankings, to attempt to identify an upper-bound in expert search system performance. Our surprising results infer that non-relevant documents can bring useful expertise evidence, and that removing these does not lead to an upper-bound in retrieval performance.
Localising speech, footsteps and other sounds using resource-constrained devices

While a number of acoustic localisation systems have been proposed over the last few decades, these have typically either relied on expensive dedicated microphone arrays and workstation-class processing, or have been developed to detect a very specific type of sound in a particular scenario. However, as people live and work indoors, they generate a wide variety of sounds as they interact and move about. These human-generated sounds can be used to infer the positions of people, without requiring them to wear trackable tags. In this paper, we take a practical yet general approach to localising a number of human-generated sounds. Drawing from signal processing literature, we identify methods for resource-constrained devices in a sensor network to detect, classify and locate acoustic events such as speech, footsteps and objects being placed onto tables. We evaluate the classification and time-of-arrival estimation algorithms using a data set of human-generated sounds we captured with sensor nodes in a controlled setting. We show that despite the variety and complexity of the sounds, their localisation is feasible for sensor networks, with typical accuracies of a half metre or better. We specifically discuss the processing and networking considerations, and explore the performance trade-offs which can be made to further conserve resources.
Risk Aversion and Incentive Effects: Comment

Holt and Laury, AER 2002, develop an experimental design to determine the risk aversion of an individual. They use their observations to argue that increased incentives appear to change risk attitudes, leading to greater risk aversion. However, their main treatment, the effects of scaling up the stakes of the lottery choice task, is confounded by a simple order effect. We extend their design to test for these order effects, and show that they are indeed significant. The size of the stakes still affects measured risk aversion, but the effect is only one-half of the apparent effect when one does not control for task order.
Estimating Route Choice and Travel Time Reliability with Field Observations of Bluetooth Probe Vehicles

Route choice is often assessed with either a modeling technique or field observations. Field observations have historically used a variation of license plate matching. The proposed technique assesses route choice and travel time that uses an anonymous Bluetooth media access control (MAC) address sampling technique as a surrogate for license plate matching to assess route choice. The Bluetooth sampling technique was used to evaluate the impact of an unexpected bridge closure in northwest Indiana, including an assessment of the proportion of vehicles using each of four alternate routes. The Bluetooth technology also provided a means to collect travel time data for each alternate route; these observed travel times were also compared with travel time estimates obtained by route classification and link distance. In general, the route choice behavior was consistent with observed travel time estimates. The Bluetooth sampling technique is cost-effective to deploy, and although results are approximate, direct measurement of travel times and route choice is useful for public agencies to assess mobility and travel time reliability along alternate routes.
A comparative study of the efficacy , safety and tolerability of azithromycin and cefaclor in the treatment of children with acute skin and / or soft tissue infections

s of the Thirty-First Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Chicago, 1991. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. Chin, N. X. , Saha, G. , Labthavikul, P. & Neu, H. C. (1987). The in vitro activity of CP-62,993, a new 15-membered ring macrolide compared with that of other oral antibiotics. In Program and Abstracts of the Twenty-Seventh Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New York, 1987. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. Daniel, R. & the European Azithromycin Study Group. (1991). Azkhiomycin, erythromycin and cloxacillin in the treatment of infections of skin and associated soft tissues. Journal of International Medical Research 19, 433—45. Girard, A. E. , Girard, D. , English, A. R. , Gootz, T. D. , Cimochowski, C. R. , Faiella, J. A. et al. (1987). Pharmacokinetic and in vivo studies with azithromycin (CP-62,993), a new macrolide with an extended half-life and excellent tissue distribution. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 31, 1948-54. Herbert, A. (1990). Azithromycin in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections: a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy trial employing cephalexin (Reflex) as a comparative agent. Clinical Research 38, 929A. Kiani, R. (1991). Double-blind, double-dummy comparison of azithromycin and cephalexin in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 10, 880-4. Kiani, R. (1994). Azithromycin in the treatment of infections of skin and associated tissues. Reviews of Contemporary Pharmacotherapeutics 5, 359-65. Mallory, S. B. (1991). Azithromycin compared with cephalexin in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections. American Journal of Medicine 91, Suppl. 3A, 36-9. Pechere, J.-C. (Ed.) (1994). Comparative activity of antibiotics against group A streptococci in experimental infections. In Acute Bacterial Pharyngitis, pp. 68-70. Cambridge Medical Publications, Worthing. Retsema, J., Girard, A. , Schelkly, W. , Manousos, M. , Anderson, M. , Bright, G. et al. (1987). Spectrum and mode of action of azithromycin (CP-62,993), a new 15-membered-ring macrolide with improved potency against Gram-negative organisms. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 31, 1939-^7. Rodriguez-Solares, A. , Perez-Gutierrez, F. , Prosperi, J., Milgram, E. & Martin, A. (1993). A comparative study of the efficacy, safety and tolerance of azithromycin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin in the treatment of children with acute skin and skin-structure infections. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 31, Suppl. E, 103—9. Shanson, D. C. (1989). Microbiology in Clinical Practice, 2nd edn, pp. 376-99. Wright, London.
A Survey of Incentive Techniques for Mobile Crowd Sensing

Crowd sensing (CS) is an approach to collecting many samples of a phenomena of interest by distributing the sampling across a large number of individuals. While any one individual may not provide sufficient samples, aggregating samples across many individuals provides high-quality, high-coverage measurements of the phenomena. Thus, for participatory sensing to be successful, one must motivate a large number of individuals to participate. In this work, we review a variety of incentive mechanisms that motivate people to contribute to a CS effort. We then establish a set of design constraints or minimum requirements that any incentive mechanism for CS must have. These design constrains are then used as metrics to evaluate those approaches and determine their advantages and disadvantages. We also contribute a taxonomy of CS incentive mechanisms and show how current systems fit within this taxonomy. We conclude with the identification of new types of incentive mechanisms that require further investigation.
The Cluster Mgas-TX Relation: Evidence for a High Level of Preheating

Recent X-ray observations have been used to demonstrate that the cluster gas mass-temperature relation is steeper than theoretical self-similar predictions drawn from numerical simulations that consider the evolution of the cluster gas through the effects of gravity and shock heating alone. One possible explanation for this is that the gas mass fraction is not constant across clusters of different temperature, as is usually assumed. Observationally, however, there is no compelling evidence for gas mass fraction variation, especially in the case of hot clusters. Seeking an alternative physical explanation for the observed trends, we investigate the role in the cluster gas mass-temperature relation of the preheating of the intracluster medium by some arbitrary source for clusters with emission-weighted mean temperatures of TX ≳ 3 keV. Making use of the physically motivated, analytic model developed in 2002 by Babul and coworkers, we find that preheating does, indeed, lead to a steeper relation. This is in agreement with previous theoretical studies on the relation. However, in apparent conflict with these studies, we argue that a "high" level of entropy injection is required to match observations. In particular, an entropy floor of ≳300 keV cm2 is required. We also present a new test, namely, the study of the relation within different fixed radii. This allows one to indirectly probe the density profiles of clusters, since it samples different fractions of the virial radius for clusters of different temperature. This test also confirms that a high level of preheating is required to match observations.
Combination of Conservative and Interventional Therapy Strategies for Intra- and Extrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Survival Analysis

Background. Due to the predominantly advanced stage at the time of diagnosis treatment of cholangiocarcinoma is difficult. Apart from surgical resection, interventional treatment strategies are increasingly used in advanced stage tumours. The aim of the study was a retrospective comparison of the effect of the various forms of treatment on morbidity and mortality. Method. A total of 195 patients, received either chemotherapy or a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and chemotherapy. Results. The median survival rate for all patients was 15.6 months, 50.8% were still alive 1 year after diagnosis. Patients, who had previously undergone surgery, survived 17.1 months longer than those without surgical treatment (P < .01). Chemotherapy prolonged the survival by 9.2 months (P = .47). Palliative patients under combination of chemotherapy and PDT survived on average 1.8 months longer (P = .28), with chemotherapy and TACE 9.8 months longer (P = .04) compared to chemotherapy alone. Conclusions. It appears that surgical treatment and chemotherapy combined with PDT or TACE may prolong survival.
Mutual information based radar waveform design for joint radar and cellular communication systems

A joint radar/communication system is considered, where the radar adaptively designs the transmitted waveform such that the interference caused to the cellular systems is strictly controlled. In this paper, different Mutual Information based criteria for radar waveform optimization are proposed and the corresponding waveform optimization problems are formulated and solved analytically. Radar performance trade-offs for the considered Mutual Information based criteria are presented and, using simulation results, it is shown that a larger maximized Mutual Information does not guarantee an optimal detection performance. It is also emphasized the importance of exploiting the communication signals scattered off the target for the detection task when dealing with weak radar returns.
Pre-school peer play: The beginnings of social competence

Background:Successful school experience is influenced by children’s ability to manage their emotions and relationships with others. Peer play provides an important learning context for the early development of social competence, but not enough is known about the emergence of peer relationships in the pre-school years. Our study explores peer play in 2- to 3-year-olds, identifying the roles played by temperament and emotion understanding, and examining convergence between parent and practitioner assessments of social behaviour.Methods:106 children aged 2 to 3 years yielded data from three questionnaires: the Goodman (Goodman & Scott, 1999) Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire, rated by parents and practitioners; the Rothbart et al.’s (2001) Child Behaviour Questionnaire measure of temperament, rated by parents; and the Fantuzzo et al.’s (1995) Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale, rated by practitioners. A subsample of 28 children completed emotion recognition and prediction tasks adapted from Denham (1986). Results:Parent ratings of children’s temperament – particularly effortful control/self-regulation and surgency/extraversion – predicted practitioner ratings of socio-behavioural and peer play competencies. Also, emotion understanding predicted interactive peer play competencies and pro-social behaviour. There was agreement between parent and practitioner ratings of pro-social behaviour, but there was evidence of divergence in judgements about behaviour problems.Discussion:The findings show the importance of exploring play situations as a context for understanding the emergence of peer relationships and social competence in the pre-school years. They also highlight the links between parental judgements and practitioner perceptions of young children’s interactions. Implications for our understanding and promotion of children’s social competence are discussed, with attention to possible impacts on learning.
Internal Curing of High-Performance Blended Cement Mortars

Abstract In the twenty-first century, most high-performance concretes, and many other ordinary concretes, are now based on blended cements that contain silica fume, slag, and/or fly ash additions. Because the chemical shrinkage accompanying the pozzolanic and hydraulic reactions of these mineral admixtures is generally much greater than that accompanying conventional portland cement hydration, these blended cements may have an increased demand for additional curing water. When such water cannot be supplied efficiently by external curing, internal curing becomes necessary, if the maintenance of saturated hydration conditions in the blended cement paste is desired. In this paper, the internal curing of three different high-performance blended cement mortars is evaluated with respect to measured autogenous deformation and compressive strength development. Internal curing is particularly beneficial for the mortars containing silica fume or slag blended cements. For the blended cement containing a Type F fly ash, less autogenous deformation is observed, due to the maintenance of a more open (percolated) pore structure containing larger pores, as supported by low temperature calorimetry measurements on hydrated paste specimens. In addition to providing a substantial reduction in autogenous shrinkage at early ages, internal curing also provided a significant increase in long term (28 d and beyond) compressive strength in the three mortars investigated in this study.
Two OpenMP Programming Patterns

A collection of frequently occurring OpenMP programming patterns could help an application programmer to find easy solutions for his or her parallelization task. Two proposals for a collection of such patterns are presented: 1) Reduction operations occurring in an outer loop can be efficiently parallelized by software pipelining. With this technique the Jacobi Solver for linear equations can be parallelized with only one barrier per iteration, including the error estimation. 2) A workqueuing concept has been proposed as an enhancement of the OpenMP standard [1] which might be well suited for the parallelization of a recursive function. But as long as this is not yet commonly available the implementation of a stack containing independent tasks to be executed might be helpful. This technique is applied to an adaptive integration algorithm.
Multifractal stationary random measures and multifractal random walks with log infinitely divisible scaling laws.

We define a large class of continuous time multifractal random measures and processes with arbitrary log infinitely divisible exact or asymptotic scaling law. These processes generalize within a unified framework both the recently defined log-normal multifractal random walk [J.F. Muzy, J. Delour, and E. Bacry, Eur. J. Phys. B 17, 537 (2000), E. Bacry, J. Delour, and J.F. Muzy, Phys. Rev. E 64, 026103 (2001)] and the log-Poisson "product of cylindrical pulses" [J. Barral and B.B. Mandelbrot, Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 1287, 2001 (unpublished)]. Our construction is based on some "continuous stochastic multiplication" [as introduced in F. Schmitt and D. Marsan, Eur. J. Phys. B. 20, 3 (2001)] from coarse to fine scales that can be seen as a continuous interpolation of discrete multiplicative cascades. We prove the stochastic convergence of the defined processes and study their main statistical properties. The question of genericity (universality) of limit multifractal processes is addressed within this new framework. We finally provide a method for numerical simulations and discuss some specific examples.
Plac8 is required for White Adipocyte Differentiation in vitro and Cell Number Control in vivo

Plac8 belongs to an evolutionary conserved family of proteins, mostly abundant in plants where they control fruit weight through regulation of cell number. In mice, Plac8 is expressed both in white and brown adipose tissues and we previously showed that Plac8−/− mice develop late-onset obesity, with abnormal brown fat differentiation and reduced thermogenic capacity. We also showed that in brown adipocytes, Plac8 is an upstream regulator of C/EBPβ expression. Here, we first assessed the role of Plac8 in white adipogenesis in vitro. We show that Plac8 is induced early after induction of 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation, a process that is prevented by Plac8 knockdown; similarly, embryonic fibroblasts obtained from Plac8 knockout mice failed to form adipocytes upon stimulation of differentiation. Knockdown of Plac8 in 3T3-L1 was associated with reduced expression of C/EBPβ, Krox20, and Klf4, early regulators of the white adipogenic program, and we show that Plac8 could transactivate the C/EBPβ promoter. In vivo, we show that absence of Plac8 led to increased white fat mass with enlarged adipocytes but reduced total number of adipocytes. Finally, even though Plac8−/− mice showed impaired thermogenesis due to brown fat dysfunction, this was not associated with changes in glycemia or plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride levels. Collectively, these data indicate that Plac8 is an upstream regulator of C/EBPβ required for adipogenesis in vitro. However, in vivo, Plac8 is dispensable for the differentiation of white adipocytes with preserved fat storage capacity but is required for normal fat cell number regulation.
A Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for Transmission Expansion Planning

A greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) is a heuristic method that has shown to be very powerful in solving combinatorial problems. In this paper we apply GRASP to solve the transmission network expansion problem. This procedure is an expert iterative sampling technique that has two phases for each iteration. The first, construction phase, finds a feasible solution for the problem. The second phase, a local search, seeks for improvements on construction phase solution by a local search. The best solution over all GRASP iterations is chosen as the result.