Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Perceived Career Barriers on College Women's Career Planning

Research has indicated that balancing work and family is on the minds of college-age women long before they are married. At the same time, women continue to choose occupations that do not fully utilize their abilities and often fail to follow their original career goals. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of perceived career barriers and supports on young women's career planning. Utilizing Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and recent literature as a basis, this study conceptualized career goals using the two constructs career salience and career aspirations. Based on information garnered in this student's thesis and on studies examining pathways in the SCCT model, the current study used a hierarchical regression model and hypothesized that barriers related to work and family conflict and sex discrimination would have the most impact on the career aspirations and career salience of young women. Career supports were hypothesized to add significantly to the prediction of these variables, and coping self-efficacy for these types of barriers were hypothesized to depend on the level of these types of barriers perceived and the interaction effect was in turn expected to add significantly to the prediction of career aspirations and career salience. None of the hypotheses were supported in predicting career salience. Career aspirations were found to be predicted by barriers other than those hypothesized, career supports were found to add significant variance, and coping self-efficacy for work and family conflict was found to have a unique, unpredicted relationship with career aspirations. Implications of the findings are discussed as are suggestions for directions of new research utilizing SCCT.
Risk, Reward, and Decision-Making in a Rodent Model of Cognitive Aging

Impaired decision-making in aging can directly impact factors (financial security, health care) that are critical to maintaining quality of life and independence at advanced ages. Naturalistic rodent models mimic human aging in other cognitive domains, and afford the opportunity to parse the effects of age on discrete aspects of decision-making in a manner relatively uncontaminated by experiential factors. Young adult (5–7 months) and aged (23–25 months) male F344 rats were trained on a probability discounting task in which they made discrete-trial choices between a small certain reward (one food pellet) and a large but uncertain reward (two food pellets with varying probabilities of delivery ranging from 100 to 0%). Young rats chose the large reward when it was associated with a high probability of delivery and shifted to the small but certain reward as probability of the large reward decreased. As a group, aged rats performed comparably to young, but there was significantly greater variance among aged rats. One subgroup of aged rats showed strong preference for the small certain reward. This preference was maintained under conditions in which large reward delivery was also certain, suggesting decreased sensitivity to reward magnitude. In contrast, another subgroup of aged rats showed strong preference for the large reward at low probabilities of delivery. Interestingly, this subgroup also showed elevated preference for probabilistic rewards when reward magnitudes were equalized. Previous findings using this same aged study population described strongly attenuated discounting of delayed rewards with age, together suggesting that a subgroup of aged rats may have deficits associated with accounting for reward costs (i.e., delay or probability). These deficits in cost-accounting were dissociable from the age-related differences in sensitivity to reward magnitude, suggesting that aging influences multiple, distinct mechanisms that can impact cost–benefit decision-making.
Characterization of the Role of para-Aminobenzoic Acid Biosynthesis in Folate Production by Lactococcus lactis

ABSTRACT The pab genes for para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis were identified and characterized. In L. lactis NZ9000, only two of the three genes needed for pABA production were initially found. No gene coding for 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase (pabC) was initially annotated, but detailed analysis revealed that pabC was fused with the 3′ end of the gene coding for chorismate synthetase component II (pabB). Therefore, we hypothesize that all three enzyme activities needed for pABA production are present in L. lactis, allowing for the production of pABA. Indeed, the overexpression of the pABA gene cluster in L. lactis resulted in elevated pABA pools, demonstrating that the genes are involved in the biosynthesis of pABA. Moreover, a pABA knockout (KO) strain lacking pabA and pabBC was constructed and shown to be unable to produce folate when cultivated in the absence of pABA. This KO strain was unable to grow in chemically defined medium lacking glycine, serine, nucleobases/nucleosides, and pABA. The addition of the purine guanine, adenine, xanthine, or inosine restored growth but not the production of folate. This suggests that, in the presence of purines, folate is not essential for the growth of L. lactis. It also shows that folate is not strictly required for the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. L. lactis strain NZ7024, overexpressing both the folate and pABA gene clusters, was found to produce 2.7 mg of folate/liter per optical density unit at 600 nm when the strain was grown on chemically defined medium without pABA. This is in sharp contrast to L. lactis strains overexpressing only one of the two gene clusters. Therefore, we conclude that elevated folate levels can be obtained only by the overexpression of folate combined with the overexpression of the pABA biosynthesis gene cluster, suggesting the need for a balanced carbon flux through the folate and pABA biosynthesis pathway in the wild-type strain.
Comparative effectiveness of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy in prostate cancer: observational study of mortality outcomes

Objective To compare the survival outcomes of patients treated with surgery or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Design Observational study. Setting Sweden, 1996-2010. Participants 34 515 men primarily treated for prostate cancer with surgery (n=21 533) or radiotherapy (n=12 982). Patients were categorised by risk group (low, intermediate, high, and metastatic), age, and Charlson comorbidity score. Main outcome measures Cumulative incidence of mortality from prostate cancer and other causes. Competing risks regression hazard ratios for radiotherapy versus surgery were computed without adjustment and after propensity score and traditional (multivariable) adjustments, as well as after propensity score matching. Several sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Prostate cancer mortality became a larger proportion of overall mortality as risk group increased for both the surgery and the radiotherapy cohorts. Among patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer the adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio for prostate cancer mortality favoured surgery (1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.49 to 2.08, for radiotherapy v prostatectomy), whereas there was no discernible difference in treatment effect among men with metastatic disease. Subgroup analyses indicated more clear benefits of surgery among younger and fitter men with intermediate and high risk disease. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the main findings. Conclusions This large observational study with follow-up to 15 years suggests that for most men with non-metastatic prostate cancer, surgery leads to better survival than does radiotherapy. Younger men and those with less comorbidity who have intermediate or high risk localised prostate cancer might have a greater benefit from surgery.
A robust model for finding optimal evolutionary trees

Constructing evolutionary trees for species sets is a fundamental problem in computational biology. One of the standard models assumes the ability to compute distances between every pair of species, and seeks to find an edge-weighted treeT in which the distanced ij T in the tree between the leaves ofT corresponding to the speciesi andj exactly equals the observed distance,d ij . When such a tree exists, this is expressed in the biological literature by saying that the distance function or matrix isadditive, and trees can be constructed from additive distance matrices in0(n 2) time. Real distance data is hardly ever additive, and we therefore need ways of modeling the problem of finding the best-fit tree as an optimization problem.
Laminin and fibronectin promote the haptotactic migration of B16 mouse melanoma cells in vitro

The migration of tumor cells through basement membranes and extracellular matrices is an integral component of tumor invasion and metastasis. Laminin and fibronectin are two basement membrane- and extracellular matrix-associated noncollagenous glycoproteins that have been shown to promote both cell adhesion and motility. Purified preparations of laminin and fibronectin stimulated the directed migration of B16 murine metastatic melanoma cells in vitro as assessed in modified Boyden chambers. The stimulation of migration occurred over a concentration range of 1-100 micrograms/ml of laminin or fibronectin, with a peak response occurring between 12.5 and 25 micrograms/ml. The maximal response of these cells was 80-120-fold higher than control migration. Affinity-purified antibody preparations specifically abrogated the migration of these cells in response to the respective proteins. Tumor cells in suspension were preincubated in physiologic levels of plasma fibronectin prior to assay to partially mimic what occurs when a metastasizing cell is in the blood stream. This preincubation with plasma fibronectin had no effect on the subsequent migration of cells in response to either laminin or fibronectin. Furthermore, experiments using filters precoated with fibronectin or laminin indicated that these cells could migrate by haptotaxis to these two proteins. We conclude that tumor cell migration in response to such noncollagenous adhesive glycoproteins could be an important aspect in the invasion and metastasis of certain malignant cell types.
Targeting central melanocortin receptors: a promising novel approach for treating alcohol abuse disorders

The melanocortin (MC) peptides are produced centrally by propiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and act through five seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled melanocortin receptor (MCR) subtypes. The MC3R and MC4R subtypes, the most abundant central MCRs, are widely expressed in brain regions known to modulate neurobiological responses to ethanol, including regions of the hypothalamus and extended amygdala. Agouti-related protein (AgRP), also produced in the arcuate nucleus, is secreted in terminals expressing MCRs and functions as an endogenous MCR antagonist. This review highlights recent genetic and pharmacological findings that have implicated roles for the MC and AgRP systems in modulating ethanol consumption. Ethanol consumption is associated with significant alterations in the expression levels of various MC peptides/protein, which suggests that ethanol-induced perturbations of MC/AgRP signaling may modulate excessive ethanol intake. Consistently, MCR agonists decrease, and AgRP increases, ethanol consumption in mice. MCR agonists fail to blunt ethanol intake in mutant mice lacking the MC4R, suggesting that the protective effects of MCR agonists are modulated by the MC4R. Interestingly, recent evidence reveals that MCR agonists are more effective at blunting binge-like ethanol intake in mutant mice lacking the MC3R, suggesting that the MC3R has opposing effects on the MC4R. Finally, mutant mice lacking AgRP exhibit blunted voluntary and binge-like ethanol drinking, consistent with pharmacological studies. Collectively, these preclinical observations provide compelling evidence that compounds that target the MC system may provide therapeutic value for treating alcohol abuse disorders and that the utilization of currently available MC-targeting compounds- such as those being used to treat eating disorders- may be used as effective treatments to this end.
Perils of Internet fraud: an empirical investigation of deception and trust with experienced Internet consumers

This study examines consumer evaluations of a real commercial web site and a fraudulent site that imitates it. The forged site contains malicious manipulations designed to increase trust in the site, decrease perceived risk, and ultimately increase the likelihood that visitors would buy from it. Besides measuring the consumer's willingness to buy from the site, this study recorded the actual ordering of a laptop. Results show that most subjects failed to detect the fraud manipulations, albeit a few succeeded. The fraud has the effect of increasing the consumers' reliance in assurance mechanisms and trust mechanisms, which in turn decrease perceived risk and increase trust in the store. The study confirms hypothesized relationships between purchase behavior, willingness to buy, attitudes toward the store, risk, and trust that are consistent with other trust models found in the literature. Overall, the study sheds light on consumers' vulnerability to attack by hackers posing as a legitimate site.
The relationship of race and social integration on the health status of older adults in an urban city

THE RELATIONSHIP OF RACE AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION ON THE HEALTH STATUS OF OLDER ADULTS IN AN URBAN CITY by Thomas T. Jordan Advisor: Professor Juan Battle Durkheim argues that an individual is more vulnerable to self-destruction the more s/he is detached from the collective. This dissertation will explore the relative impact of social integration on older adults who have transitioned into their new roles in the social structure in relationship to their physical (obesity) and psychological (stress) health status. Additionally, the dissertation examines how social integration varies in its impact from one racial group to another, and how such variations influence the health status of the older adults who are members of these groups. This dissertation employs data from the Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging and Longevity‘s Health Indicators Project (HIP). It assesses the level of healthcare services obtained by older adults. Participants were interviewed at senior citizen centers throughout the five boroughs of New York City. A total of 1,870 seniors attending a representative sample of 56 senior citizen centers were surveyed. The data was stratified based on borough, race and center size, and used to compare the various responses of those individuals who self-identified as either Black or Hispanic to the responses of those who self-identified as White. It was anticipated that the greater the level of social integration, the greater one‘s health status. However, the research found that social
Dialectical Behavior Therapy in a Nutshell

Dimeff, L. , & Linehan, M.M. (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy in a nutshell. The California Psychologist, 34, 10-13. INTRODUCTION Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment for complex, difficult-totreat mental disorders (Linehan, 1993a,b). Originally developed for chronically suicidal individuals, DBT has evolved into a treatment for multi-disordered individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). DBT has since been adapted for other seemingly intractable behavioral disorders involving emotion dysregulation, including substance dependence in individuals with BPD (Linehan, Schmidt, Dimeff, Craft, Kanter, & Comtois, 1999; Dimeff, Rizvi, Brown, & Linehan, 2000), binge eating (Telch, Agras, & Linehan, in press), depressed, suicidal adolescents(Miller, 1999; Rathus & Miller, 2000), depressed elderly (Lynch, 2000), and to a variety of settings, including inpatient and partial hospitalization, forensic settings (Swenson, Sanderson, Dulit, & Linehan, in press; McCann & Ball, 1996; McCann, Ball, & Ivanoff, under review).
Beaks, Adaptation, and Vocal Evolution in Darwin's Finches

Abstract Darwin's finches are well known for their remarkable diversity in beak form and function. Field studies have shown that beaks evolve by natural selection in response to variation in local ecological conditions. We posit a new hypothesis: As a consequence of beak evolution, there have been changes in the structure of finch vocal signals. We base this hypothesis on the discovery that beaks play a functional role in song production in songbirds. Recent field studies provide support for a link between beak morphology and song structure in Darwin's finches, although much remains to be learned. Because song plays a significant role in finch mating dynamics, we suggest that the functional link between beaks and song may have contributed to the process of speciation and adaptive radiation in these birds.
Why are Some Undergraduates More (and others Less) Interested in Psychological Research?

Theorists consider student interest central to effective education, but undergraduates have varying interest in psychological research. We developed a measure of interest in psychological research and tested person-level predictors of interest in a sample of undergraduate psychology students (N = 139). Interest in psychological research was low to moderate, on average, with greater interest in relatively passive and low-commitment research activities. Predictors of greater interest in psychological research included personality (openness to experience), academic aptitude (higher ACT scores), perceived relevance of research to post- undergraduate activities, and plans to enter a PhD program. We discuss these results in the context of teaching strategies intended to improve psychological research education.
HMGB1 as a Key Mediator of Immune Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke.

SIGNIFICANCE Stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammatory cascades have a major impact on outcome and regeneration after ischemic stroke. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has come into the focus of experimental and clinical stroke research because it is released from necrotic brain tissue and its differential redox forms attract and activate immune cells after ischemic brain injury. HMGB1 is a potent inducer of inflammatory cascades, and thereby, secondary deterioration of neurological outcome. RECENT ADVANCES The role of HMGB1 in sterile inflammation is well established. Emerging evidence suggests that HMGB1 modulates neuroinflammation after experimental brain ischemia and that it may be a useful prognostic biomarker for stroke patients. CRITICAL ISSUES HMGB1 is instantly released from necrotic cells in the ischemic core and activates an early inflammatory response. In addition, brain-released HMGB1 can be redox modified in the circulation and activate peripheral immune cells. HMGB1 concentrations correlate with disease severity and outcome after brain injury. This is the first review depicting the crucial role of HMGB1 in the initiation and perpetuation of secondary immune alterations after experimental and clinical stroke. FUTURE DIRECTIONS HMGB1-dependent signaling pathways are on the verge and have the potential to become a central topic in experimental stroke research. Current and upcoming projects in this field will be paving the way for future translational approaches targeting the center of poststroke inflammation to improve stroke recovery and long-term outcome.
MALE STUDENT-ATHLETES REPORTED FOR SEXUAL ASSAULT: A SURVEY OF CAMPUS POLICE DEPARTMENTS AND JUDICIAL AFFAIRS OFFICES

This article examines the relationship between collegiate athletic participation and reported sexual assaults at Division I institutions. The research is based on the police records at 20 institutions during the 1992-1993 school year and the records of 10 judicial affairs offices over a 3-year period from 1991 through 1993. Although the findings indicate that male student-athletes are overrepresented in reports of sexual assault in both locations, the differences between student-athletes and other male students are statistically significant only when it comes to the number of incidents reported to judicial affairs.
Dual antiplatelet therapy and non-cardiac surgery: evolving issues and anesthetic implications

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of aspirin plus a P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor) is imperative for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome, particularly during the re-endothelialization period after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). When patients undergo surgery during this period, the consequences of stent thrombosis are far more serious than those of bleeding complications, except in cases of intracranial surgery. The recommendations for perioperative DAPT have changed with emerging evidence regarding the improved efficacy of non-first-generation drug (everolimus, zotarolimus)-eluting stents (DES). The mandatory interval of 1 year for elective surgery after DES implantation was shortened to 6 months (3 months if surgery cannot be further delayed). After this period, it is generally recommended that the P2Y12 inhibitor be stopped for the amount of time necessary for platelet function recovery (clopidogrel 5–7 days, prasugrel 7–10 days, ticagrelor 3–5 days), and that aspirin be continued during the perioperative period. In emergent or urgent surgeries that cannot be delayed beyond the recommended period after PCI, proceeding to surgery with continued DAPT should be considered. For intracranial procedures or other selected surgeries in which increased bleeding risk may also be fatal, cessation of DAPT (possibly with continuation or minimized interruption [3–4 days] of aspirin) with bridge therapy using short-acting, reversible intravenous antiplatelet agents such as cangrelor (P2Y12 inhibitor) or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (tirofiban, eptifibatide) may be contemplated. Such a critical decision should be individually tailored based on consensus among the anesthesiologist, cardiologist, surgeon, and patient to minimize both ischemic and bleeding risks.
Approximation of Achievable Rates in Additive Gaussian Mixture Noise Channels

In this paper, we detail effective methods to approximate the achievable rates of channels with additive Gaussian mixture (GM) noise for both real and complex channels to achieve any desired level of accuracy. Attention is paid to a Gaussian input, a discrete real input, and a complex input with discrete amplitude and independent uniform phase. Such discrete inputs represent a wide range of input distributions and they include the capacity-achieving inputs as special cases. At first, we propose a simple technique to accurately calculate the noise entropy. Specifically, when the noise level is high, a lower bound on the integrand of the entropy is established and the noise entropy can be estimated using a closed-form solution. In the low noise region, the piecewise-linear curve fitting (PWLCF) method is applied. We then extend this result to calculate the achievable rate when the input is Gaussian distributed, which is shown to be asymptotically optimal. Next, we propose a simple PWLCF-based method to approximate the output entropy for a real GM channel when the input is discrete, and for a complex GM channel when the input is discrete in amplitude with independent uniform phase. In particular, for the real channel, the output entropy is evaluated by examining the output in high and low regions of amplitude using a lower bound on the integrand of the output entropy and PWLCF, respectively. For the complex channel, the output entropy is approximated a similar manner but using polar coordinates and the Kernel function. It is demonstrated that the output entropy, and consequently, the achievable rates, can be computed to achieve any given accuracy level.