Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rollover Car Crashes with Ejection: A Deadly Combination—An Analysis of 719 Patients

Rollover car crashes (ROCs) are serious public safety concerns worldwide. Objective. To determine the incidence and outcomes of ROCs with or without ejection of occupants in the State of Qatar. Methods. A retrospective study of all patients involved in ROCs admitted to Level I trauma center in Qatar (2011-2012). Patients were divided into Group I (ROC with ejection) and Group II (ROC without ejection). Results. A total of 719 patients were evaluated (237 in Group I and 482 in Group II). The mean age in Group I was lower than in Group II (24.3 ± 10.3 versus 29 ± 12.2; P = 0.001). Group I had higher injury severity score and sustained significantly more head, chest, and abdominal injuries in comparison to Group II. The mortality rate was higher in Group I (25% versus 7%; P = 0.001). Group I patients required higher ICU admission rate (P = 0.001). Patients in Group I had a 5-fold increased risk for age-adjusted mortality (OR 5.43; 95% CI 3.11–9.49), P = 0.001). Conclusion. ROCs with ejection are associated with higher rate of morbidity and mortality compared to ROCs without ejection. As an increased number of young Qatari males sustain ROCs with ejection, these findings highlight the need for research-based injury prevention initiatives in the country.
Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract on Recovery and Conception Rate in Infectious Repeat Breeder Crossbred Cows

The study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Garlic (Allium sativum) extract in 20 infectious repeat breeder crossbred cows. Animals were divided into two groups of ten in each. The animals in first group were treated intrauterine with 30 ml 15% Garlic extract w/v dissolved in saline at 24 hrs interval for 7 days, while the animals in control group were infused with 30 ml saline for 7 days. Bacterial count in uterine flushing declined significantly (p less than 0.05) after treatment in Garlic group. A significant increase (p less than 0.05) in total cellular count and PMNs % was found in Garlic group than in control group. An overall recovery rate of 80 vs 20 % and conception rate of 60 vs 10 % was found in Garlic treated cows over control placebo group proving its efficacy in infectious repeat breeders.
Structural Comparison of Executable Objects

A method to heuristically construct an isomorphism between the sets of functions in two similar but differing versions of the same executable file is presented. Such an isomorphism has multiple practical applications, specifically the ability to detect programmatic changes between the two executable versions. Moreover, information (function names) which is available for one of the two versions can also be made available for the other . A framework implementing the described methods is presented, along with empirical data about its performance when used to analyze patches to recent security vulnerabilities. As a more practical example, a security update which fixes a critical vulnerability in an H.323 parsing component is analyzed, the relevant vulnerability extracted and the implications of the vulnerability and the fix discussed.
Early Drift Detection Method

An emerging problem in Data Streams is the detection of concept drift. This problem is aggravated when the drift is gradual over time. In this work we deflne a method for detecting concept drift, even in the case of slow gradual change. It is based on the estimated distribution of the distances between classiflcation errors. The proposed method can be used with any learning algorithm in two ways: using it as a wrapper of a batch learning algorithm or implementing it inside an incremental and online algorithm. The experimentation results compare our method (EDDM) with a similar one (DDM). Latter uses the error-rate instead of distance-error-rate.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Sitagliptin and Glimepiride on Endothelial Function and Metabolic Parameters: Sapporo Athero-Incretin Study 1 (SAIS1)

Objectives The DPP-4 inhibitors are incretin-related drugs that improve hyperglycemia in a glucose-dependent manner and have been reported to exert favorable effects on atherosclerosis. However, it has not been fully elucidated whether DPP-4 inhibitors are able to improve endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on endothelial function and glycemic metabolism compared with that of the sulfonylurea glimepiride. Materials and Methods In this multicenter, prospective, randomized parallel-group comparison study, 103 outpatients with type 2 diabetes (aged 59.9 ± 9.9 years with HbA1c levels of 7.5 ± 0.4%) with dietary cure only and/or current metformin treatment were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive sitagliptin or glimepiride therapy once daily for 26 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a comprehensive panel of hemodynamic parameters (Task Force® Monitor), and serum metabolic markers were assessed before and after the treatment. Results During the study period, no statistically significant change in %FMD was seen in both groups (sitagliptin, 5.6 to 5.6%; glimepiride, 5.6 to 6.0%). Secretory units of islets in transplantation, TNF-α, adiponectin and biological antioxidant potential significantly improved in the sitagliptin group, and superoxide dismutase also tended to improve in the sitagliptin group, while improvements in HbA1c levels were similar between groups. Cardiac index, blood pressure and most other metabolic parameters were not different. Conclusions Regardless of glycemic improvement, early sitagliptin therapy did not affect endothelial function but may provide favorable effects on beta-cell function and on inflammatory and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes without advanced atherosclerosis. Trial Registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry System UMIN 000004955
Audio Description in the UK: What works, what doesn’t, and understanding the need for personalising access

Audio Description for film and television is a pre-recorded track that uses verbal descriptions to provide information on visual aspects of a film or TV programme. In the UK, it is currently the only accessibility strategy available for visually impaired audiences and although it provides access to a large number of people, its shortcomings also fail to engage others in audiovisual experiences. The Enhancing Audio Description project explores how digital audio technologies can be applied to the creation of alternatives to Audio Description with the aim of personalising access strategies. Such personalisation would allow users to select the method utilised to access audiovisual experiences, by having choices that include traditional forms of accessibility as well as sound design–based methods. The present article analyses the results of a survey and focus groups in which visually impaired participants discussed the advantages and disadvantages of AD and it demonstrates not only the diversity of experiences and needs of visually impaired groups but also their eagerness for change.
Motility-Induced Phase Separation

Self-propelled particles include both self-phoretic synthetic colloids and various microorganisms. By continually consuming energy, they bypass the laws of equilibrium thermodynamics. These laws enforce the Boltzmann distribution in thermal equilibrium: The steady state is then independent of kinetic parameters. In contrast, self-propelled particles tend to accumulate where they move more slowly. They may also slow down at high density for either biochemical or steric reasons. This creates positive feedback, which can lead to motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) between dense and dilute fluid phases. At leading order in gradients, a mapping relates variable-speed, self-propelled particles to passive particles with attractions. This deep link to equilibrium phase separation is confirmed by simulations but generally breaks down at higher order in gradients: New effects, with no equilibrium counterpart, then emerge. We give a selective overview of the fast-developing field of MIPS, focusing on theory and.
Prostate apoptosis response-4 is involved in the apoptosis response to docetaxel in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Experimental evidence indicates that prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4, also known as PAWR) is a key regulator of cancer cell survival and may be a target for cancer-selective targeted therapeutics. Par-4 was first identified in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis. Both intracellular and extracellular Par-4 have been implicated in apoptosis. Relatively little is known about the role of Par-4 in breast cancer cell apoptosis. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of Par-4 expression on cell proliferation, apoptosis and drug sensitivity in breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were stably transfected with expression vectors for Par-4, or transiently transfected with siRNA for Par-4 knockdown. Cell proliferation assays were performed using MTT and apoptosis was evaluated using acridine orange staining, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Par-4 overexpression reduced MCF-7 proliferation rates. Conversely, Par-4 knockdown led to increased MCF-7 proliferation. Par-4 downregulation also led to increased BCL-2 and reduced BID expression. Par-4 overexpression did not affect the cell cycle profile. However, MCF-7 cells with increased Par-4 expression showed reduced ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that the inhibition of cell proliferation promoted by Par-4 may be mediated by the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. MCF-7 cells with increased Par-4 expression showed a marginal increase in early apoptotic cells. Importantly, we found that Par-4 expression modulates apoptosis in response to docetaxel in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Par-4 exerts growth inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells and chemosensitizes them to docetaxel.
Gut Microbiota Shapes the Efficiency of Cancer Therapy

Systems biology provides an opportunity to discover the role that gut microbiota play in almost all aspects of human health. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that gut microbiota is closely related to the pharmacological effects of chemical therapy and novel targeted immunotherapy. Gut microbiota shapes the efficiency of drugs through several key mechanisms: metabolism, immunomodulation, translocation, enzymatic degradation, reduction of diversity, and ecological variability. Therefore, gut microbiota have emerged as a novel target to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity and adverse effects of cancer therapy. There is growing evidence to show that cancer therapy perturbs the host immune response and results in dysbiosis of the immune system, which then influences the efficiency of the therapy. Studies suggest that gut microbes play a significant role in cancer therapy by modulating drug efficacy, abolishing the anticancer effect, and mediating toxicity. In this review, we outline the role of gut microbiota in modulating cancer therapy and the implications for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in clinical practice. We also summarize the current limitations of the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in cancer therapies such as personalized cancer therapy.
Direct Detection of Transcription Factors in Cotyledons during Seedling Development Using Sensitive Silicon-Substrate Photonic Crystal Protein Arrays1[OPEN]

Transcription factors in seedling cotyledons are quantified using novel silicon photonic crystal protein arrays and their levels are correlated with transcript abundances. Transcription factors control important gene networks, altering the expression of a wide variety of genes, including those of agronomic importance, despite often being expressed at low levels. Detecting transcription factor proteins is difficult, because current high-throughput methods may not be sensitive enough. One-dimensional, silicon-substrate photonic crystal (PC) arrays provide an alternative substrate for printing multiplexed protein microarrays that have greater sensitivity through an increased signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescent signal compared with performing the same assay upon a traditional aminosilanized glass surface. As a model system to test proof of concept of the silicon-substrate PC arrays to directly detect rare proteins in crude plant extracts, we selected representatives of four different transcription factor families (zinc finger GATA, basic helix-loop-helix, BTF3/NAC [for basic transcription factor of the NAC family], and YABBY) that have increasing transcript levels during the stages of seedling cotyledon development. Antibodies to synthetic peptides representing the transcription factors were printed on both glass slides and silicon-substrate PC slides along with antibodies to abundant cotyledon proteins, seed lectin, and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. The silicon-substrate PC arrays proved more sensitive than those performed on glass slides, detecting rare proteins that were below background on the glass slides. The zinc finger transcription factor was detected on the PC arrays in crude extracts of all stages of the seedling cotyledons, whereas YABBY seemed to be at the lower limit of their sensitivity. Interestingly, the basic helix-loop-helix and NAC proteins showed developmental profiles consistent with their transcript patterns, indicating proof of concept for detecting these low-abundance proteins in crude extracts.
Androgenic Alopecia Is Associated with Less Dietary Soy, Higher Blood Vanadium and rs1160312 1 Polymorphism in Taiwanese Communities

Background Although the genetic basis of androgenic alopecia has been clearly established, little is known about its non-genetic causes, such as environmental and lifestyle factors. Objective This study investigated blood and urine heavy metals concentrations, environmental exposure factors, personal behaviors, dietary intakes and the genotypes of related susceptibility genes in patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA). Design Age, AGA level, residence area, work hours, sleep patterns, cigarette usage, alcohol consumption, betel nut usage, hair treatments, eating habits, body heavy metals concentrations and rs1998076, rs913063, rs1160312 and rs201571 SNP genotype data were collected from 354 men. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine whether any of the factors displayed odds ratios (ORs) indicating association with moderate to severe AGA (≧IV). Subsequently, Hosmer-Lemeshow, Nagelkerke R2 and accuracy tests were conducted to help establish an optimal model. Results Moderate to severe AGA was associated with the AA genotype of rs1160312 (22.50, 95% CI 3.99–126.83), blood vanadium concentration (0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.04), and regular consumption of soy bean drinks (0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.85), after adjustment for age. The results were corroborated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P = 0.73), Nagelkerke R2 (0.59), accuracy test (0.816) and area under the curve (AUC; 0.90, 0.847–0.951) analysis. Conclusions Blood vanadium and frequent soy bean drink consumption may provide protect effects against AGA. Accordingly, blood vanadium concentrations, the AA genotype of rs1160312 and frequent consumption of soy bean drinks are associated with AGA.
Characterising disease-related and developmental changes in correlation-derived structural and functional brain networks

Human structural and functional brain architecture is increasingly studied by applying the mathematical framework of complex networks to data from magnetic resonance imaging. Connections (edges) in such brain networks are commonly constructed using correlations of features between pairs of brain regions, such as regional morphology (across participants) or neurophysiological time series (within participants). Subsequent analyses frequently focus on summary network statistics calculated using the strongest correlations, but often neglect potential underlying shifts within the correlation distribution. This thesis presents methods for the construction and analysis of correlation-derived structural and functional brain networks, focusing on the implications of changes within the correlation distribution. First, schizophrenia is considered as an example disease which is known to present a reduction in mean correlation between regional neurophysiological time series. Previous studies reported increased network randomisation in schizophrenia, but these results may have been driven by inclusion of a greater number of noisy edges in patients’ networks, based on retention of a fixed proportion of the strongest edges during network thresholding. Here, a novel probabilistic thresholding procedure is applied, based on the realisation that the strongest edges are not necessarily most likely to be true following adjustment of edge probabilities for effects of participant in-scanner motion. Probabilistically thresholded functional networks show decreased randomness, and increased consistency across participants. Further, applying probabilistic thresholding eliminates increased network randomisation in schizophrenia, supporting the hypothesis that previously reported group differences originated in the application of standard thresholding approaches to patient networks with decreased functional correlations. Subsequently, healthy adolescent development is studied, to help understand the frequent emergence of psychiatric disorders in this period. Importantly, both structural and functional brain networks undergo maturational shifts in correlation distribution over adolescence. Due to reliance of structural correlation networks on a group of subjects, previous studies of adolescent structural network development divided groups into discrete age-bins. Here, a novel sliding-window method is used to describe adolescent development of structural
Prevention of tobacco use among medically at-risk children and adolescents: clinical and research opportunities in the interest of public health.

OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco use are addictive and harmful. Though no level of smoking is safe, children and adolescents who are medically at-risk due to the presence of a chronic or life-threatening disease may be especially vulnerable to these dangers. This article provides an overview of considerations in the prevention of tobacco use in this special population. METHODS This article summarizes medical aspects of childhood chronic disease and the impact of cigarette smoking, the prevalence of tobacco screening in pediatric healthcare, and levels of prevention for individuals, families, schools, and healthcare. Recommendations for clinical services and research are also included. RESULTS There are a number of reasons to prevent and interrupt the onset of smoking in medically at-risk youth. Subspecialty clinics appear to be the most likely point of entry for prevention-based work in this area. However, no one single setting will be effective in preventing and deterring use without due consideration of other settings, perspectives, and influences on smoking uptake. CONCLUSIONS The promise of smoking prevention to improve the health and outlook of children and adolescents with chronic or life-threatening disease is high, and additional efforts are needed for this population.
Fabry-Perot Absorption-Line Spectroscopy of NGC 7079: Kinematics and Bar Pattern Speed

We present Fabry-Perot absorption-line spectroscopy of the SB0 galaxy NGC 7079. This is the first use of Fabry-Perot techniques to measure the two-dimensional stellar kinematics of an early-type disk galaxy. We scan the infrared Ca II line using the Rutgers Fabry-Perot (RFP), to obtain kinematic data extending to I-band surface brightness μI ≃ 21 mag arcsec-2, in a field of radius ~40''. The kinematic data, consisting of line-of-sight velocities and velocity dispersions, are in good agreement with data obtained along the major axis of the disk with standard slit spectroscopy. Comparison of the exposure times required for slit and RFP spectroscopy to reach the same limiting magnitude shows that the RFP is significantly more efficient for mapping absorption-line galaxy kinematics. We use the velocity data, together with our own deep broadband photometry, to measure the bar pattern speed, Ωp, of NGC 7079 with the model-independent Tremaine-Weinberg (TW) method. We find Ωp = 8.4 ± 0.2 km s-1 arcsec-1; this is the best-constrained pattern speed ever measured for a bar using the TW method. From the rotation curve, corrected for asymmetric drift, we calculate the corotation radius and find that the bar ends just inside this radius. The two-dimensional character of these data allow us to show that the TW method is sensitive to errors in the position angle (P.A.) of the disk. For example, a P.A. error of 2° can give errors ~±25% in Ωp.
Ginzburg-Landau equation I. Static vortices

We consider radially symmetric solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau equation (without magnetic eld) in dimension 2. Such solutions are called vortices and are speciied by their winding number at innnity (vorticity). For a given vorticity n we prove existence and uniqueness (modulo symmetry transformations) of an n-vortex and show that for n = 0; 1 such vortices are stable while for jnj 2, unstable. We introduce the renormalized Ginzburg-Landau energy and use it for the existence and uniqueness proof. Our stability proof is novel and uses the concept of symmetry breaking and its consequence in the form of zero modes of the linearized equation.
Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stroma Cells (hES-MSCs) Engraft In Vivo and Support Hematopoiesis without Suppressing Immune Function: Implications for Off-The Shelf ES-MSC Therapies

Mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) have a high potential for novel cell therapy approaches in clinical transplantation. Commonly used bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), however, have a restricted proliferative capacity and cultures are difficult to standardize. Recently developed human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stroma cells (hES-MSCs) might represent an alternative and unlimited source of hMSCs. We therefore compared human ES-cell-derived MSCs (hES-MP002.5 cells) to normal human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). hES-MP002.5 cells had lower yet reasonable CFU-F capacity compared with BM-MSC (8±3 versus 29±13 CFU-F per 100 cells). Both cell types showed similar immunophenotypic properties, i.e. cells were positive for CD105, CD73, CD166, HLA-ABC, CD44, CD146, CD90, and negative for CD45, CD34, CD14, CD31, CD117, CD19, CD 271, SSEA-4 and HLA-DR. hES-MP002.5 cells, like BM-MSCs, could be differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro. Neither hES-MP002.5 cells nor BM-MSCs homed to the bone marrow of immune-deficient NSG mice following intravenous transplantation, whereas intra-femoral transplantation into NSG mice resulted in engraftment for both cell types. In vitro long-term culture-initiating cell assays and in vivo co-transplantation experiments with cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic cells demonstrated furthermore that hES-MP002.5 cells, like BM-MSCs, possess potent stroma support function. In contrast to BM-MSCs, however, hES-MP002.5 cells showed no or only little activity in mixed lymphocyte cultures and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) lymphocyte stimulation assays. In summary, ES-cell derived MSCs might be an attractive unlimited source for stroma transplantation approaches without suppressing immune function.