Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective reentry of recycling cell surface glycoproteins to the biosynthetic pathway in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells

Return of cell surface glycoproteins to compartments of the secretory pathway has been examined in HepG2 cells comparing return to the trans- Golgi network (TGN), the trans/medial- and cis-Golgi. Transport to these sites was studied by example of the transferrin receptor (TfR) and the serine peptidase dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) after labeling these proteins with the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester of biotin on the cell surface. This experimental design allowed to distinguish between glycoproteins that return to these biosynthetic compartments from the cell surface and newly synthesized glycoproteins that pass these compartments during biosynthesis en route to the surface. Reentry to the TGN was measured in that surface glycoproteins were desialylated with neuraminidase and were monitored for resialylation during recycling. Return to the trans-Golgi was traced measuring the transfer of [3H]fucose residues to recycling surface proteins by fucosyltransferases. To study return to the cis-Golgi, surface proteins were metabolically labeled in the presence of the mannosidase I inhibitor deoxymannojirimycin (dMM). As a result surface proteins retained N-glycans of the oligomannosidic type. Return to the site of mannosidase I in the medial/cis-Golgi was measured monitoring conversion of these glycans to those of the complex type after washout of dMM. Our data demonstrate that DPPIV does return from the cell surface not only to the TGN, but also to the trans-Golgi thus linking the endocytic to the secretory pathway. In contrast, no reentry to sites of mannosidase I could be detected indicating that the early secretory pathway is not or is only at insignificant rates accessible to recycling DPPIV. In contrast to DPPIV, TfR was very efficiently sorted from endosomes to the cell surface and did not return to the TGN or to other biosynthetic compartments in detectable amounts, indicating that individual surface proteins are subject to different sorting mechanisms or sorting efficiencies during recycling.
Embryo cell allocation patterns are not altered by biopsy but can be linked with further development

It has been suggested that first embryo cleavage can be related with the embryonic–abembryonic axis at blastocyst stage in mice. Thus, cells of the 2-cell embryo might be already biased to form the inner cell mass or trophectoderm. This study was conducted to observe the possible effects of embryo biopsy on cell allocation patterns during embryo preimplantation in two different mouse strains and the effects of these patterns on further development. First, one blastomere of the 2-cell embryo was injected with a lipophilic tracer and cell allocation patterns were observed at blastocyst stage. Blastocysts were classified into orthogonal, deviant or random pattern. For the first experiment, embryos were biopsied at 8-cell stage and total cell counts (TCC) were annotated. Furthermore, non-biopsied blastocysts were transferred into foster mothers. Then, pups and their organs were weighed two weeks after birth. Random pattern was significantly recurrent (≈60%), against orthogonal (<22%) and deviant (<22%) patterns among groups. These patterns were not affected by biopsy procedure. However, TCC on deviant embryos were reduced after biopsy. Moreover, no differences were found between patterns for implantation rates, litter size, live offspring and organ weights (lungs, liver, pancreas and spleen). However, deviant pups presented heavier hearts and orthogonal pups presented lighter kidneys among the group. In conclusion, these results suggest that single blastomere removal does not disturb cell allocation patterns during pre-implantation. Nonetheless, the results suggest that embryos following different cell allocation patterns present different coping mechanisms against in vitro manipulations and further development might be altered.
Monitoring of multiple myeloma and bone marrow fibrosis with aminoterminal propeptide of type III collagen (PIIINP)

Summary Bone marrow fibrosis is known in myelomatosis and depends on the extent of plasma cell infiltration. The serum concentration of the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) has previously been reported to reflect fibrogenesis in the marrow in myelofibrosis. Here we followed 15 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with repeated PIIINP measurements during treatment with intermittent courses of melphalan and prednisolone. PIIINP was found to change with clinical behaviour of the disease, nonresponders and patients with recurrent disease having elevated values and the values in responders decreasing to the normal level or remaining there. Collagen fibres in plasma cell infiltrates of biopsies from bone marrow or skeletal tumours of these patients stained heavily with antibodies against PIIINP. Our results suggest that PIIINP works as a noninvasive indicator of bone marrow fibrogenesis. In multiple myeloma PIIINP is a sensitive, but not specific marker of disease course.
Plasma citrulline levels and acute cellular rejection early after small bowel transplantation in pigs.

Small bowel transplantations (SBT) are increasingly performed to treat patients with irreversible intestinal failure or short-bowel syndrome. Histologic evaluation of small bowel allograft biopsies is important for the diagnosis of acute cellular rejection (ACR). A reliable serological marker of ACR after SBT is still unknown. Recently, citrulline was identified as a potential biomarker of reduced enterocyte mass. The aim of our study was to analyze rejection and plasma citrulline levels early after SBT in pigs. 24 pigs were used and divided into four groups. Group A, autologous SBT (n = 3) as a control group; Group B, allogeneic SBT with tacrolimus monotherapy (n = 7); Group C, allogeneic SBT immunosuppressed with tacrolimus and sirolimus (n = 8); and Group D, without
Chimeric Exchange of Coronavirus nsp5 Proteases (3CLpro) Identifies Common and Divergent Regulatory Determinants of Protease Activity

ABSTRACT Human coronaviruses (CoVs) such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) cause epidemics of severe human respiratory disease. A conserved step of CoV replication is the translation and processing of replicase polyproteins containing 16 nonstructural protein domains (nsp's 1 to 16). The CoV nsp5 protease (3CLpro; Mpro) processes nsp's at 11 cleavage sites and is essential for virus replication. CoV nsp5 has a conserved 3-domain structure and catalytic residues. However, the intra- and intermolecular determinants of nsp5 activity and their conservation across divergent CoVs are unknown, in part due to challenges in cultivating many human and zoonotic CoVs. To test for conservation of nsp5 structure-function determinants, we engineered chimeric betacoronavirus murine hepatitis virus (MHV) genomes encoding nsp5 proteases of human and bat alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses. Exchange of nsp5 proteases from HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, which share the same genogroup, genogroup 2a, with MHV, allowed for immediate viral recovery with efficient replication albeit with impaired fitness in direct competition with wild-type MHV. Introduction of MHV nsp5 temperature-sensitive mutations into chimeric HKU1 and OC43 nsp5 proteases resulted in clear differences in viability and temperature-sensitive phenotypes compared with MHV nsp5. These data indicate tight genetic linkage and coevolution between nsp5 protease and the genomic background and identify differences in intramolecular networks regulating nsp5 function. Our results also provide evidence that chimeric viruses within coronavirus genogroups can be used to test nsp5 determinants of function and inhibition in common isogenic backgrounds and cell types.
Bayesian estimation of Marshall–Olkin extended exponential parameters under various approximation techniques

In this paper, we propse Bayes estimators of the parameters of Marshall Olkin extended exponential distribution (MOEED) introduced by Marshall-Olkin [2] for complete sample under squared error loss function (SELF). We have used different approximation techniques to obtain the Bayes estimate of the parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to compare the performance of proposed estimators with the corresponding maximum likelihood estimator (MLE’s) on the basis of their simulated risk. A real data set has been considered for illustrative purpose of the study.
Electronic Commerce Technologies Adoption by SMEs: A Conceptual Study

The use of Electronic Commerce (EC) technologies enables Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) to improve their efficiency and competitive position. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive framework that gives a multi-faceted account for the phenomenon of EC technologies adoption by SMEs. This paper therefore develops a theoretical framework of EC technologies adoption which is composed of four dimensions: perceived organisational readiness (micro level), perceived industry readiness (meso level), perceived national readiness (macro level) and the perceived environmental pressure. The proposed framework is then used to develop a more specific research model to guide future study in exploring EC technologies adoption by SMEs. The proposed framework and research model will be empirically validated by administering a survey questionnaire among SMEs in a number of developing countries.
CPAP and survival in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and hypoxaemic COPD

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) often coexists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present prospective cohort study tested the effect of OSAS treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the survival of hypoxaemic COPD patients. It was hypothesised that CPAP treatment would be associated with higher survival in patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS and hypoxaemic COPD receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Prospective study participants attended two outpatient advanced lung disease LTOT clinics in São Paulo, Brazil, between January 1996 and July 2006. Of 603 hypoxaemic COPD patients receiving LTOT, 95 were diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSAS. Of this OSAS group, 61 (64%) patients accepted and were adherent to CPAP treatment, and 34 did not accept or were not adherent and were considered not treated. The 5-yr survival estimate was 71% (95% confidence interval 53–83%) and 26% (12–43%) in the CPAP-treated and nontreated groups, respectively (p<0.01). After adjusting for several confounders, patients treated with CPAP showed a significantly lower risk of death (hazard ratio of death versus nontreated 0.19 (0.08–0.48)). The present study found that CPAP treatment was associated with higher survival in patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS and hypoxaemic COPD receiving LTOT.
Critical care medicine in AJRCCM 2001.

Mechanical Ventilation (51) Conventional Approaches (1) Patient-Ventilator Interaction (7) Nonconventional Modes (11) Protective Ventilation (4) Liquid Ventilation (5) Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (8) Weaning (4) Patient Posture (1) Noninvasive Ventilation (9) Adjunctive Therapy (1) Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (24) Classification (1) Prediction (1) Physiologic and Radiologic Studies (3) Animal Models (5) Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms (9) Fluid Biology (2) Treatment (1) Outcome (2) Sepsis and Shock (27) Mechanisms in Patients and Volunteers (9) Endotoxemia in Animals (9) Sepsis in Animals (8) Nonseptic Causes of Shock (1) Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (5) Diagnosis (2) Treatment (3) Nosocomial Infections (2) Monitoring (9) Pressure–Volume Curves (6) Intrinsic PEEP and Respiratory Muscles (1) Tissue Oxygenation (1) Procedures (1) Inhaled Nitric Oxide (1) Toxicology (1) Ethical Issues (3) Nonpulmonary Critical Care (12) Pharmacotherapy (1) Trauma (2) Renal Disorders (1) Gastroenterological Disorders (1)
Development of a new graphical technique for dissolved gas analysis in power transformers based on the five combustible gases

Several methods have been proposed for dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of mineral oil in power transformers. One of the simple and most widely used methods is Duval triangle. However, Duval triangle does not consider the concentrations of two combustible gases, namely ethane (C2H6) and hydrogen (H2). As a result, Duval triangle exhibits a lower accuracy in diagnosing certain fault types, for which these gases are the key gases, such as low overheating and corona discharge. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel graphical technique for DGA based on all the five combustible gases. The proposed graphical technique is developed in the form of a pentagon shape. The pentagon heads represents the percentage concentration of each individual gas to the total combustible gases. The corresponding point for a certain faulty case is determined by the center of mass of all pentagon heads. The knowledge extracted from previous DGA methods and field experiences are used to estimate the preliminary fault regions within the pentagon. The exact boundaries between fault regions are then specified using actual DGA data with corresponding fault types collected from the Egyptian Electricity Network and published cases. The overall performance of the proposed pentagon has been evaluated using a set of fault cases and it is revealed that the proposed pentagon has higher diagnostic accuracy compared to other methods including Duval triangles and IEC standard 60599.
Prognostic factors in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma: Before and after the introduction of rituximab

This study attempted to evaluate the usefulness of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) as a prognostic model in patients treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and prednisolone) chemotherapy. We compared 279 patients with DLBCL. Among them, 183 received CHOP while 96 received R-CHOP. Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of both the patient and the lymphoma characteristics. The estimated 2-year survival was significantly higher among patients treated with R-CHOP compared to CHOP alone (85.6% vs. 64.7%, P = 0.004). Both the IPI and age-adjusted IPI were less useful as prognostic models in patients receiving R-CHOP compared to CHOP. In the multivariate analysis, age ≥ 60, elevated serum LDH, low serum albumin and advanced stages of disease were each independently associated with decreased survival in patients treated with CHOP. In contrast, among those treated with R-CHOP, only male sex and advanced stage of disease were each independently associated with decreased survival. Using these two factors, patients treated with R-CHOP could be separated into three prognostic groups with 5-year estimated survival ranging from 47% to 100% (P < 0.0001). In summary, we can conclude that with the significant improvement in survival following the use of rituximab, the relevance of previously recognized prognostic factors has to be reassessed and re-evaluated.
Prescription pattern and prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in a Nigerian rural tertiary hospital

Introduction Polypharmacy and inappropriate prescriptions are prominent prescribing issues with elderly patients. Beers criteria and other guidelines have been developed to assist in the reduction of potentially inappropriate medications prescribed to elderly patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the prescribing pattern for elderly Nigerian outpatients and estimate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications among them using the Beers criteria. Methodology This was a prospective cross-sectional study of elderly patients (65 years and above) who were attending the general outpatients clinic of a rural Nigerian hospital. For the drug utilization aspect of the study, drug-use indicators were assessed using established World Health Organization guidelines, while the Beers criteria was used to screen for potentially inappropriate medications. Result The medical records of 220 patients aged 65 years and above were utilized for the study. A total of 837 drugs were prescribed for the patients, giving an average of 3.8 ± 1.3 drugs per person. Antihypertensive drugs accounted for 30.6% of the prescriptions, followed by multivitamins/food supplements (11.5%) and analgesics (10.8%). A review of the prescribed medications using the 2012 Updated Beers Criteria by the American Geriatric Society identified 56 patients with at least one potentially inappropriate medication prescribed giving a rate of 25.5%. The drug groups identified were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, and amitriptyline. Conclusion Polypharmacy and prescription of potentially inappropriate medications are major therapeutic issues in Nigeria. There is a need for prescriber training and retraining with emphasis on the geriatric population.
Pax1/Pax9-Related genes in an agnathan vertebrate, Lampetra japonica: expression pattern of LjPax9 implies sequential evolutionary events toward the gnathostome body plan.

Among the transcription factor gene families, Pax genes play important and unique roles in morphological patterning of animal body plans. Of these, Group I Pax genes (Pax1 and Pax9) are expressed in the endodermal pharyngeal pouches in many groups of deuterostomes, and vertebrates seem to have acquired more extensive expression domains in embryos. To understand the evolution of Pax1/Pax9-related genes in basal groups of vertebrates, their cognates were isolated from the Japanese marine lamprey, Lampetra japonica. RT-PCR of larval lamprey cDNA yielded two different fragments containing vertebrate Pax1- and Pax9-like paired domains. The Pax9 orthologue was isolated and named LjPax9. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that this gene was expressed in endodermal pharyngeal pouches, mesenchyme of the velum (the oral pumping apparatus) and the hyoid arch, and the nasohypophysial plate, but not in the somitic mesoderm of the lamprey embryo. These expression patterns could be regarded as a link between the basal chordates and the gnathostomes and are consistent with the phylogenetic position of the lamprey. Especially, the appearance of neural crest seemed to be the basis of velar expression. Homology of the velum and the jaw is also discussed based on the LjPax9 expression in the first pharyngeal pouch and in the velar mesenchyme. We conclude that Pax9 genes have sequentially expanded into new expression domains through evolution as more complicated body plans emerged.
Phase 1 Study of Two Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ( MSP 142 ) Vaccines for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

1 Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 3 PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 4 Quintiles Phase 1 Services, Lenexa, Kansas, United States of America
Innovations in the Dutch environmental policy for the industry target group

Abstract Policies regarding the environmental behaviour of industry have changed drastically overthe last decades in most industrialised countries. Some features of these changes are themove from regulations of the command and control type to more consensual or negotiatedtypes of regulation, such as voluntary agreements. This is accompanied by the shift fromdirect regulation to regulation making use of indirect steering models, for example throughdifferent actors in a policy network; and the change from end of pipe oriented policiestowards prevention oriented policies. Furthermore, in the Dutch environmental policysystem target groups have become an important focus of environmental policy making. It isexpected that through consensual approaches target groups are better able to costeffectively progress towards more environment friendly behaviour. This paper criticallyevaluates these innovations in Dutch environmental policy. We assess the potential of thesepolicies for diffusing available technologies throughout industries and the potential forinducing the kind of innovations deemed necessary for sustainable development.
Discriminatively Trained GMMs for Language Classification Using Boosting Methods

In language identification and other speech applications, discriminatively trained models often outperform nondiscriminative models trained with the maximum-likelihood criterion. For instance, discriminative Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are typically trained by optimizing some discriminative criteria that can be computationally expensive and complex to implement. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to discriminative GMM training by using a variant the boosting framework (R. Schapire, ldquoThe boosting approach to machine learning, an overview,rdquo Proc. MSRI Workshop on Nonlinear Estimation and Classification, 2002) from machine learning, in which an ensemble of GMMs is trained sequentially. We have extended the purview of boosting to class conditional models (as opposed to discriminative models such as classification trees). The effectiveness of our boosting variation comes from the emphasis on working with the misclassified data to achieve discriminatively trained models. Our variant of boosting also includes utilizing low confidence data classifications as well as misclassified examples in classifier generation. We further apply our boosting approach to anti-models to achieve additional performance gains. We have applied our discriminative training approach to a variety of language identification experiments using the 12-language NIST 2003 language identification task. We show the significant performance improvements that can be obtained. The experiments include both acoustic as well as token-based speech models. Our best performing boosted GMM-based system on the 12-language verification task has a 2.3% EER.
Assessing measures of coordination demand based on interaction durations

Controlling multiple robots substantially increases the complexity of the operator's task because attention must constantly be shifted among robots in order to maintain situation awareness (SA) and exert control. In the simplest case an operator controls multiple independent robots interacting with each as needed. Control performance at such tasks can be characterized by the average demand of each robot on human attention. In this paper we present several approaches to measuring, coordination demand, CD, the added difficulty posed by having to coordinate as well as operate multiple robots. Our initial experiment compares "equivalent" conditions with and without coordination. Two subsequent experiments attempt to manipulate and measure coordination demand directly using an extension of the Neglect Tolerance model.
THE EVOLUTION OF WING DIMORPHISM IN INSECTS

Wing‐dimorphic insects are excellent subjects for a study of the evolution of dispersal since the nondispersing brachypterous morph is easily recognized. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework within which the evolution of wing dimorphism can be understood. A review of the literature indicates that the presence or absence of wings may be controlled by a single locus, two‐allele genetic system or a polygenic system. Both types of inheritance can be subsumed within a general threshold model.