Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of Circadian Rhythms

The daily light-dark cycle governs rhythmic changes in the behavior and/or physiology of most species. Studies have found that these changes are governed by a biological clock, which in mammals is located in two brain areas called the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The circadian cycles established by this clock occur throughout nature and have a period of approximately 24 hours. In addition, these circadian cycles can be synchronized to external time signals but also can persist in the absence of such signals. Studies have found that the internal clock consists of an array of genes and the protein products they encode, which regulate various physiological processes throughout the body. Disruptions of the biological rhythms can impair the health and well-being of the organism. Key words: circadian rhythm; time of day; biological regulation; biological adaptation; temperature; light; hypothalamus; neural cell; gene expression; mutagenesis; sleep disorder; physiological AODE (effects of alcohol or other drug use, abuse, and dependence)
NeuroGame Therapy to improve wrist control in children with cerebral palsy: A case series

Objective: This case series examines the feasibility, specificity, and preliminary effectiveness of NeuroGame Therapy (NGT) for improving wrist control in four children with cerebral palsy (CP). NGT uses surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals routed through motivating computer games to improve motor control. Methods: Primary outcomes of NGT included feasibility (hours of play) and specificity (changes in sEMG activity during game play). Secondary outcomes included changes in co-contraction, range of motion, segmental alignment, and spontaneous upper extremity function following intervention. Results: Participants completed a mean of 8.8 hours of NGT over 5–6 weeks. Participants demonstrated dramatic improvement of the sEMG activity during game play. Several participants also showed improvements in range of motion, co-contraction, and spontaneous upper extremity function following NGT. Conclusion: This case series provides evidence for the feasibility, specificity, and effectiveness of NGT. Future studies will pair NGT with functional practice to improve transfer of learning to daily activities.
Cross-resistance to the transplantation of syngeneic Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher virus-induced tumors.

Summary Immunofluorescence data are presented which confirm the previously reported cytotoxic antibody studies suggesting that Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher (FMR) virus-induced lymphomas possess similar surface antigens, not shared by Gross lymphomas. It is not known, however, whether the antigenic relationship demonstrable serologically is, or should necessarily be, demonstrable by transplantation studies. To determine if tumors induced by FMR and Gross virus share transplantation antigens, C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with either infectious FMR viruses, FMR lymphomas, or a Gross lymphoma and challenged with syngeneic FMR and Gross lymphomas. Mice pretreated with any one infectious FMR virus or its induced lymphoma became resistant to the transplantation of all FMR lymphomas, but not to the Gross lymphoma. Immunization with the Gross lymphoma failed to induce resistance to the transplantation of the FMR lymphomas, but also failed to induce resistance to itself. The results strongly suggest that FMR lymphomas possess related or identical transplantation antigens.
Elevation: A review of scholarship on a moral and other-praising emotion

Abstract The term elevation (also referred to as moral elevation), described by Thomas Jefferson and later coined by Jonathan Haidt, refers to the suite of feelings people may experience when witnessing an instance of moral beauty. The construct of elevation signifies the emotion felt when a person is a witness to, but not a recipient of, the moral behavior of others. Scholarship examining elevation has burgeoned since Haidt first introduced the construct. Researchers have explored the antecedents of, and outcomes associated with, witnessing instances of moral beauty. The current review will outline the existing scholarship on elevation, highlight conflicting findings, point out critical gaps in the current state of elevation research, and delineate fertile future directions for basic and applied research. Continued investigation of the affective, motivational, and behavioral responses associated with witnessing virtuous actions of others is warranted.
Changes in Corneal Deformation Parameters after Lenticule Creation and Extraction during Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) Procedure

Purpose To investigate the effects of lenticule creation and subsequent corneal lenticule extraction on corneal deformation parameters during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 18 eyes of 10 patients (27.90±7.11 years, −5.64±2.45 diopters) scheduled for SMILE procedure were enrolled. Changes in the corneal deformation parameters, including deformation amplitude (DA), applanation time(AT1 and AT2), applanation length(AL1 and AL2), corneal velocity(CV1 and CV2), peak distance(P.Dist.), radius and intraocular pressure values were measured preoperatively, immediately after lenticule creation and subsequent to corneal lenticule extraction in all eyes with the Corvis Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST, OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons was performed to investigate changes following each step of the procedure. Results All surgical procedures were uneventful. A significant difference was detected among the three time points (pre-operation, post-lenticule creation and post lenticule extraction) for AT1 (P<0.001), AT2 (P = 0.001), DA(P<0.001), and IOP(P = 0.002). Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons indicated that there was no significant change in AT1, AT2, DA, or IOP after lenticule creation (post hoc P>0.05), but there was a significant change in these parameters following subsequent corneal lenticule extraction (post hoc P<0.01), when compared to values obtained pre-operatively. The scheimpflug camera of the Corvis ST demonstrated the intralamellar small gas bubbles formed from the vaporisation of tissue after lenticule creation and a gray zone was observed between the cap and the residual stromal bed after lenticule extraction. Conclusions There is a significant change in corneal deformation parameters following SMILE procedure. The changes may be caused predominantly by stromal lenticule extraction, while lenticule creation with femtosecond laser may not have an obvious effect on corneal deformation properties.
Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems: Process Models of a Turkish Nomad Clan

1 Introduction:Networks, Ethnography and Emergence Chapter 2 Problems of Analysis Chapter 3 Ethnographic Setting 4 Theories, Rules and Exceptions Chapter 5 Network Models and Complexity: Measures, Graphs, and Context Chapter 6 Clan Structures and Dynamics Chapter 7 Marriage, Rank and Migration: Fractality in Social Structure Chapter 8 Demography, Structure, and Social Change Chapter 9 Decentralized Leadership and Network Cohesion Chapter 10 Graphic Approaches to Nomad Solidarity: The Endoconical Clan Chapter 11 Conclusions
Bayesian intention inference for trajectory prediction with an unknown goal destination

Contextual cues can provide a rich source of information for robots that operate in the presence of other agents such as people, animals, vehicles and fellow robots. We are interested in context, in the form of the behavioural intent of an agent, for enhanced trajectory prediction. We present a Bayesian framework that estimates both the intended goal destination and future trajectory of a mobile agent moving among multiple static obstacles. Our method is based on multi-modal hypotheses of the intended goal, and is focused primarily on the long-term trajectory of the agent. We propose a computationally efficient solution and demonstrate its behaviour in a pedestrian scenario with a real-world data set. Results show the benefits of our method in comparison to traditional trajectory prediction methods and illustrate the feasibility of integration with higher-level planning algorithms.
A Framework for Scientific Paper Retrieval and Recommender Systems

Information retrieval (IR) and recommender systems (RS) have been employed for addressing search tasks executed during literature review and the overall scholarly communication lifecycle. Majority of the studies have concentrated on algorithm design for improving the accuracy and usefulness of these systems. Contextual elements related to the scholarly tasks have been largely ignored. In this paper, we propose a framework called the Scientific Paper Recommender and Retrieval Framework (SPRRF) that combines aspects of user role modeling and user-interface features with IR/RS components. The framework is based on eight emergent themes identified from participants feedback in a user evaluation study conducted with a prototype assistive system. 119 researchers participated in the study for evaluating the prototype system that provides recommendations for two literature review and one manuscript writing tasks. This holistic framework is meant to guide future studies in this area.
The Effects of Written Feedback in the Form of Recasts

This study examined the effects on 25 Japanese university students’ text revisions following teacher feedback through written recasts. Written recasts were categorized as recasts given on learners’: (1) grammatical errors; (2) lexical errors, (3) unsolicited use of Japanese, (4) spelling errors and (5) content. Recasts were also categorized according to (6) the degree of differences between students’ original erroneous utterances and written recasts, as well as (7) recast lengths. In total, 125 written recasts were provided on students’ essays, and students were directed to revise their first draft referring to these recasts. The students’ revised essays were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results showed that written feedback in the form of recasting is, in general, beneficial for learners to notice their errors or mistakes leading them to repair regardless of the degree of differences and the length of the recasts. However, their effects varied according to students’ error types. The development of their writings from the first draft to a revised version was examined from the points of accuracy, fluency and complexity. It was found that written recasts contributed to the development of the three aspects reducing trade-off effects between accuracy and fluency.
SU68. Effect of Cannabis on Neuroinflammation in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: An In Vivo PET Study With [18F]-FEPPA

Background: Clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is the (putative) prodromal phase of psychosis characterized by attenuated psychotic symptoms and/or genetic risk with recent functional deterioration. Epidemiological evidence suggests that early cannabis use is associated with psychosis particularly in predisposed individuals. However, cannabinoids, including cannabis, have also been suggested to have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. This is particularly important as neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several brain disorders including schizophrenia. Neuroinflammation is characterized by microglial activation in the brain. Upon activation, microglia increase the expression of a mitochondrial Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Therefore, increased TSPO expression represents an important marker of neuroinflammation/microglial activation. The purpose of this study is to image neuroinflammation in vivo in brain in CHR for psychosis with (CHR-CU) and without (CHR) concurrent cannabis use. Methods: Eighteen CHRs and 5 CHR-CUs underwent an MRI and a high-resolution [18F]-FEPPA PET scan to quantify neuroinflammation in vivo in brain. CHR-CUs were included if they met criteria for DSM-V cannabis use disorder and/or current cannabis use as determined by a positive drug screen (at least 3 times weekly for 12 months in lifetime). All participants completed a series of neuropsychological and clinical assessments. PET images were analyzed using the validated 2-tissue compartment model to obtain total distribution volumes (VT) in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Results: No significant differences in [18F]-FEPPA binding were observed between groups (F(2,19) = 1.447, P = . 260). In the CHR group, there was a positive correlation between apathy and [18F]-FEPPA binding in the hippocampus (r = 0.543, P = .024) and a trend in the DLPFC (r = 0.475, P = .054). In the CHR-CU group, there was a negative correlation between cumulative cannabis use and [18F]-FEPPA binding in the DLPFC (r = −0.982, P = .018). There were no significant correlations between [18F]-FEPPA binding and measures symptom severity or cognition. Conclusion: This is the first in vivo study to investigate the role of cannabinoids on neuroinflammation, and its relevance for psychosis. Results, although preliminary, suggest no difference in the level of neuroinflammation between CHR-CUs compared to CHRs. Increased sample size is required to confirm the results.
The Generalizability of Social Pressure Effects on Turnout Across High-Salience Electoral Contexts: Field Experimental Evidence From 1.96 Million Citizens in 17 States

Prior experiments show that campaign communications revealing subjects’ past turnout and applying social pressure to vote (the “Self” treatment) increase turnout. However, nearly all existing studies are conducted in low-salience elections, raising concerns that published findings are not generalizable and are an artifact of sample selection and publication bias. Addressing the need for further replication in high-salience elections, we analyze a field experiment involving 1.96 million subjects where a nonpartisan campaign randomly sent Self treatment mailers, containing a subject’s vote history and a comparison of each subject’s history with their state median registrant’s turnout behavior, in high-salience elections across 17 states in 2014. Sending the Self mailer increases turnout by 0.7 points or 2.2%. This effect is largely consistent across states, with somewhat larger effects observed in states with lower ex ante election salience. Our study provides precise evidence that social pressure effects on turnout are generalizable.
Sagunja-Tang Improves Lipid Related Disease in a Postmenopausal Rat Model and HepG2 Cells

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Sagunja-tang on the lipid related disease in a rat model of menopausal hyperlipidemia and lipid accumulation in methyl-β-cyclodextrin-induced HepG2 cells. In in vivo study using menopausal hyperlipidemia rats, Sagunja-tang reduced retroperitoneal and perirenal fat, serum lipids, atherogenic index, cardiac risk factor, media thickness, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis score, when compared to menopausal hyperlipidemia control rats. In HepG2 cells, Sagunja-tang significantly decreased the lipid accumulation, total cholesterol levels, and low-density/very-low-density lipoprotein levels. Moreover, Sagunja-tang reversed the methyl-β-cyclodextrin-induced decrease in the protein levels of critical molecule involved in cholesterol synthesis, sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, and low-density lipoprotein receptor and inhibited protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase as well as activity. Phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase was stimulated by Sagunja-tang. These results suggest that Sagunja-tang has effect on inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation through regulation of cholesterol synthesis and AMPK activity in vitro. These observations support the idea that Sagunja-tang is bioavailable both in vivo and in vitro and could be developed as a preventive and therapeutic agent of hyperlipidemia in postmenopausal females.
Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT In patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema noninvasive ventilation may reduce intubation rate, but the impact on mortality and the superiority of one technique over another have not been clearly established. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the short-term effect of noninvasive ventilation on major clinical outcomes. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and EMBASE (from inception to October 2005) and Cochrane databases (library issue 4, 2005) were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews published from January 1, 1988, to October 31, 2005. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Included trials were all parallel studies comparing noninvasive ventilation to conventional oxygen therapy in patients with acute pulmonary edema. Comparisons of different techniques, either continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel noninvasive pressure support ventilation (NIPSV), were also included. DATA SYNTHESIS Fifteen trials were selected. Overall, noninvasive ventilation significantly reduced the mortality rate by nearly 45% compared with conventional therapy (risk ratio [RR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.78; P = .72 for heterogeneity). The results were significant for CPAP (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35-0.81; P = .44 for heterogeneity) but not for NIPSV (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.34-1.05; P = .76 for heterogeneity), although there were fewer studies in the latter. Both modalities showed a significant decrease in the "need to intubate" rate compared with conventional therapy: CPAP (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.27-0.58; P = .21 for heterogeneity), NIPSV (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.30-0.76; P = .24 for heterogeneity), and together (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.32-0.57; P = .20 for heterogeneity). There were no differences in intubation or mortality rates in the analysis of studies comparing the 2 techniques. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive ventilation reduces the need for intubation and mortality in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Although the level of evidence is higher for CPAP, there are no significant differences in clinical outcomes when comparing CPAP vs NIPSV.
Immunotherapy Targets in Pediatric Cancer

Immunotherapy for cancer has shown increasing success and there is ample evidence to expect that progress gleaned in immune targeting of adult cancers can be translated to pediatric oncology. This manuscript reviews principles that guide selection of targets for immunotherapy of cancer, emphasizing the similarities and distinctions between oncogene-inhibition targets and immune targets. It follows with a detailed review of molecules expressed by pediatric tumors that are already under study as immune targets or are good candidates for future studies of immune targeting. Distinctions are made between cell surface antigens that can be targeted in an MHC independent manner using antibodies, antibody derivatives, or chimeric antigen receptors versus intracellular antigens which must be targeted with MHC restricted T cell therapies. Among the most advanced immune targets for childhood cancer are CD19 and CD22 on hematologic malignancies, GD2 on solid tumors, and NY-ESO-1 expressed by a majority of synovial sarcomas, but several other molecules reviewed here also have properties which suggest that they too could serve as effective targets for immunotherapy of childhood cancer.
Cross-Modal Calibration of Vestibular Afference for Human Balance

To determine how the vestibular sense controls balance, we used instantaneous head angular velocity to drive a galvanic vestibular stimulus so that afference would signal that head movement was faster or slower than actual. In effect, this changed vestibular afferent gain. This increased sway 4-fold when subjects (N = 8) stood without vision. However, after a 240 s conditioning period with stable balance achieved through reliable visual or somatosensory cues, sway returned to normal. An equivalent galvanic stimulus unrelated to sway (not driven by head motion) was equally destabilising but in this situation the conditioning period of stable balance did not reduce sway. Reflex muscle responses evoked by an independent, higher bandwidth vestibular stimulus were initially reduced in amplitude by the galvanic stimulus but returned to normal levels after the conditioning period, contrary to predictions that they would decrease after adaptation to increased sensory gain and increase after adaptation to decreased sensory gain. We conclude that an erroneous vestibular signal of head motion during standing has profound effects on balance control. If it is unrelated to current head motion, the CNS has no immediate mechanism of ignoring the vestibular signal to reduce its influence on destabilising balance. This result is inconsistent with sensory reweighting based on disturbances. The increase in sway with increased sensory gain is also inconsistent with a simple feedback model of vestibular reflex action. Thus, we propose that recalibration of a forward sensory model best explains the reinterpretation of an altered reafferent signal of head motion during stable balance.
Talk of Pedophilia: The Reflexive Management of Desire

ABSTRACT Sociologists have increasingly been using theories and models borrowed from cognitive science and psychology to address questions of personal motivation. One influential model is the dual-process model, a cognitive model which holds that individuals think and act either unconsciously and automatically, or consciously and deliberately. Through an analysis of conversations between individuals who are sexually attracted to minors, however, I find that these individuals’ sexual desires cannot be reduced to strictly automatic or deliberate means. Due to the taboo nature of this sexual preference in these individuals’ locales, their unconscious sexual desires are frequently called into question and made conscious.
On lower bounds for deterministic parameter estimation

We have revisited and solved the problem of establishing lower bounds for the estimation of deterministic parameters by means of a constrained optimization problem. We show that these various bounds (Cramer-Rao, Barankin, Battacharyya) can be easily obtained as the result of an optimization by impozing the bias of the estimator. Simulations results are presented in spectral analysis.
Mass Function and Equipotentiality: A Reanalysis of Lashley's Retention Data

Detailed analyses of “subgroups” of Ss, defined by lesion size and locus, for Lashley's (1929) retention data suggested that parietal neo-cortical damage resulted in deficits that were relatively independent of total lesion size. It was suggested that Lashley's retention data provided questionable support for the principles of equipotentiality and mass function as he presented them and he did not include enough Ss to assess the validity of these principles for measures of acquisition following brain damage.