Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Difficult Airway Characteristics Associated with First‐Attempt Failure at Intubation Using Video Laryngoscopy in the Intensive Care Unit

Rationale: Video laryngoscopy has overcome the need to align the anatomic axes to obtain a view of the glottic opening to place a tracheal tube. However, despite this advantage, a large number of attempts are unsuccessful. There are no existing data on anatomic characteristics in critically ill patients associated with a failed first attempt at laryngoscopy when using video laryngoscopy. Objectives: To identify characteristics associated with first‐attempt failure at intubation when using video laryngoscopy in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This is an observational study of 906 consecutive patients intubated in the ICU with a video laryngoscope between January 2012 and January 2016 in a single‐center academic medical ICU. After each intubation, the operator completed a data collection form, which included information on difficult airway characteristics, device used, and outcome of each attempt. Multivariable regression models were constructed to determine the difficult airway characteristics associated with a failed first attempt at intubation. Measurements and Main Results: There were no significant differences in sex, age, reason for intubation, or device used between first‐attempt failures and first‐attempt successes. First‐attempt successes more commonly reported no difficult airway characteristics were present (23.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.7‐27.0% vs. 13.3%; 95% CI, 8.0‐18.8%). In logistic regression analysis of the entire 906‐patient database, blood in the airway (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% CI, 1.64‐4.20), airway edema (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.48‐5.45), and obesity (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.08‐2.32) were significantly associated with first‐attempt failure. Data collection on limited mouth opening and secretions began after the first 133 intubations, and we fit a second logistic model to examine cases in which these additional difficult airway characteristics were collected. In this subset (n = 773), the presence of blood (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.60‐4.64), cervical immobility (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.28‐8.72), and airway edema (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.42‐6.70) were associated with first‐attempt failure. Conclusions: In this single‐center study, presence of blood in the airway, airway edema, cervical immobility, and obesity are associated with higher odds of first‐attempt failure, when intubation was performed with video laryngoscopy in an ICU.
PLSA-based image auto-annotation: constraining the latent space

We address the problem of unsupervised image auto-annotation with probabilistic latent space models. Unlike most previous works, which build latent space representations assuming equal relevance for the text and visual modalities, we propose a new way of modeling multi-modal co-occurrences, constraining the definition of the latent space to ensure its consistency in semantic terms (words), while retaining the ability to jointly model visual information. The concept is implemented by a linked pair of Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) models. On a 16000-image collection, we show with extensive experiments that our approach significantly outperforms previous joint models.
ARCTIC OBSERVATIONS WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN HIGH SPECTRAL RESOLUTION LIDAR

Measurements from the NOAA SEARCH observatory at Eureka, Canada (80N, 85 W) provide unique Arctic cloud observations. The University of Wisconsin Arctic High Spectral Resolution Lidar and the NOAA 8.6 mm wavelength Doppler radar have provided nearly continuous data since their August 2005 deployment. A prior deployment to Barrow, Alaska(71N, 156W) provided data between August 24 and November 17 of 2004. Particle size and optical depth measurements are presented.
Heme Oxygenase-1 and 2 Common Genetic Variants and Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome

AbstractSeveral neurochemical, neuropathological, neuroimaging, and experimental data, suggest that iron deficiency plays an important role in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Heme-oxygenases (HMOX) are an important defensive mechanism against oxidative stress, mainly through the degradation of heme to biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. We analyzed whether HMOX1 and HMOX2 genes are related with the risk to develop RLS.We analyzed the distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies of the HMOX1 rs2071746, HMOX1 rs2071747, HMOX2 rs2270363, and HMOX2 rs1051308 SNPs, as well as the presence of Copy number variations (CNVs) of these genes in 205 subjects RLS and 445 healthy controls.The frequencies of rs2071746TT genotype and rs2071746T allelic variant were significantly lower in RLS patients than that in controls, although the other 3 studied SNPs did not differ between RLS patients and controls. None of the studied polymorphisms influenced the disease onset, severity of RLS, family history of RLS, serum ferritin levels, or response to dopaminergic agonist, clonazepam or GABAergic drugs.The present study suggests a weak association between HMOX1 rs2071746 polymorphism and the risk to develop RLS in the Spanish population.
Finite-size effects in the superconformal β-deformed = 4 SYM

We study finite size effects for composite operators in the SU(2) sector of the superconformal β-deformed = 4 SYM theory. In particular we concentrate on the spectrum of one single magnon. Since in this theory one-impurity states are non BPS we compute their anomalous dimensions including wrapping contributions up to four loops and discuss higher order effects.
Galactic Dynamics

Two of the world’s leading astrophysicists, James Binney and Scott Tremaine, here present a comprehensive review of the theory of galactic dynamics at a level suitable for both graduate students and researchers. Their work in this volume describes our present understanding of the structure and dynamics of stellar systems such as galaxies and star clusters. Nicknamed “the Bible of galactic dynamics,” this book has become a classic treatise, well known and widely used by researchers and students of galactic astrophysics and stellar dynamics. Praised for its modern approach, as well as for the rigor and exemplary clarity with which the authors handle the material in this book, Galactic Dynamics includes classic results and data while also reflecting the many recent developments in the field. The authors maintain an effective style of exposition throughout, keeping clear what is present knowledge and what is still speculation, while allowing the reader to grasp an overview of the subject before following through (where needed) with the mathematical detail. Most of the astronomical community since the late s was introduced to galactic dynamics through Galactic Dynamics, and it remains the most widely used graduate textbook in galactic astrophysics today. No other book gathers together and presents our current understanding of the field in such a clear and concise way. Through this approach, Binney and Tremaine succeeded in creating a classic reference of enormous pedagogic value.
Getting Humans to do Quantum Optimization - User Acquisition, Engagement and Early Results from the Citizen Cyberscience Game Quantum Moves

The game Quantum Moves was designed to pit human players against computer algorithms, combining their solutions into hybrid optimization to control a scalable quantum computer. In this midstream report, we open our design process and describe the series of constitutive building stages going into a quantum physics citizen science game. We present our approach from designing a core gameplay around quantum simulations, to putting extra game elements in place in order to frame, structure, and motivate players' difficult path from curious visitors to competent science contributors. The player base is extremely diverse - for instance, two top players are a 40 year old female accountant and a male taxi driver. Among statistical predictors for retention and in-game high scores, the data from our first year suggest that people recruited based on real-world physics interest and via real-world events, but only with an intermediate science education, are more likely to become engaged and skilled contributors. Interestingly, female players tended to perform better than male players, even though men played more games per day. To understand this relationship, we explore the profiles of our top players in more depth. We discuss in-world and in-game performance factors departing in psychological theories of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and the implications for using real live humans to do hybrid optimization via initially simple, but ultimately very cognitively complex games.
Analysis of galvanic skin responses with principal components and clustering techniques

An advanced method for analyzing the patterning of successive galvanic skin responses (GSR) is presented. The proposed method is based on principal component analysis in which the vector containing the measured signal is presented as a weighted sum of orthogonal basis vectors. The method is tested using measurements from 20 healthy controls and 13 psychotic patients. For each subject, 11 surprising auditory stimuli were delivered to right ear at irregular intervals and evoked GSRs were recorded from the hand. For most of the healthy controls, there was a clear pattern in successive GSRs, whereas within psychotic patients the lack of time-locking of GSRs seemed to be characteristic. These between group differences can be revealed by the proposed method. With application to clustering a significant discrimination, with overall correct ratings of 82%, of healthy controls and psychotic patients is achieved. A significant fact is that all patients were ranked correctly giving the proposed method a sensitivity of 100%.
Hierarchical Leak Detection and Localization Method in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks

In light of the problems of low recognition efficiency, high false rates and poor localization accuracy in traditional pipeline security detection technology, this paper proposes a type of hierarchical leak detection and localization method for use in natural gas pipeline monitoring sensor networks. In the signal preprocessing phase, original monitoring signals are dealt with by wavelet transform technology to extract the single mode signals as well as characteristic parameters. In the initial recognition phase, a multi-classifier model based on SVM is constructed and characteristic parameters are sent as input vectors to the multi-classifier for initial recognition. In the final decision phase, an improved evidence combination rule is designed to integrate initial recognition results for final decisions. Furthermore, a weighted average localization algorithm based on time difference of arrival is introduced for determining the leak point’s position. Experimental results illustrate that this hierarchical pipeline leak detection and localization method could effectively improve the accuracy of the leak point localization and reduce the undetected rate as well as false alarm rate.
The effect of temperature and aprotinin on the preanalytical stability of Adrenocorticotrophic hormone / Sıcaklığın ve aprotininin Adrenokortikotropik hormonun preanalitik stabilitesine etkisi

Abstract Objective: The susceptibility of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to enzymatic degradation has limited the stability of ACTH. Many non-routine tests require the collection of blood on special proteinase inhibitor cocktails to preserve the integrity of the sample. This may provide benefits in sample collection and routine clinical practice. This study examined if a proteinase inhibitor, aprotinin, mixed with blood at the time of collection, would change the stability of ACTH in plasma at various temperatures for several hours and days using immunoassay. Methods: Sequential human blood samples were collected from 22 patients in EDTA collection tubes and EDTA plus aprotinin tubes, respectively. Plasma obtained was stored for 4 days at 4°C and on the other hand a second aliquot at room temperature. ACTH was measured immediately and after storage times of 1, 2, 4, 24 h, and 96 h at 4°C and other aliquots at room temperature. Results: Aprotinin plus K3EDTA-plasma samples centrifuged and stored at 4°C showed the best stability of ACTH up to 96 h compared to the ACTH concentration collected into K3EDTA tubes. Also, aprotinin plasma stored at room temperature showed no significant change according to baseline values. ACTH in plasma samples without aprotinin centrifuged and stored at 4°C declined in 2 h. Conclusion: The addition of aprotinin showed an improvement of the stability at 4°C/RT. Blood samples for ACTH measurement could be taken into blood tubes containing K3EDTA + aprotinin and without the need of keeping the sample on ice. These data indicate that aprotinin has a profound preservative effect upon plasma ACTH level and that it may be possible to submit unfrozen samples collected with this inhibitor to appropriate referral laboratories for analysis of ACTH immunoassay. From a practical standpoint, referral laboratories may wish to prepare collection tubes containing both EDTA and aprotinin for distribution to other laboratories.
Neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy and/or radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVES We assessed neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical hysterectomy and/or radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. METHODS Over 5 years, 48 consecutive women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIb-IVa cervical cancer were enrolled. Treatment consisted of bilateral internal iliac artery infusion of cisplatin (100 mg/m2, day 1) or carboplatin (400 mg/m2, day 1) and peplomycin (20 mg/m2, day 1) for two courses separated by 3 weeks. Doxorubicin (30 mg/m2, day 1) was added for patients with adenocarcinoma. Stage III patients who responded to NAC and Stage IIb patients underwent radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Stage III patients not responding to NAC and all stage IVa patients were treated with pelvic radiotherapy. RESULTS Complete response was achieved in 5 (10.4%) of 48 patients, while a partial response was noted in 32 (66. 7%) and stable disease in 11 (22.9%). Of 25 patients with stage IIIb disease, 16 (64.0%) were able to undergo surgery. The 4-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 80.0% in patients with stage IIb and 62.3% in patients with stage III. In stage IIIb, the 4-year DFS in patients receiving surgery (75.2%) was higher than the DFS for those receiving radiotherapy (44.4%) (P < 0.05). Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia developed in 17 (35.4%) patients. Nausea and vomiting of grade 2 or higher occurred in 34 (70.8%). Creatinine clearance transiently decreased (>/= grade 2) in 16.6%. Patients negative for serum squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCC) responded better to NAC than to SCC-positive cases, and SCC-negative survival was significantly better than SCC-positive survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy with platinum was safely performed, and a survival benefit followed radical surgery with or without radiotherapy after response to NAC.
Adaptive learning rates and parallelization for stochastic, sparse, non-smooth gradients

Recent work has established an empirically successful framework for adapting learning rates for stochastic gradient descent (SGD). This effectively removes all needs for tuning, while automatically reducing learning rates over time on stationary problems, and permitting learning rates to grow appropriately in non-stationary tasks. Here, we extend the idea in three directions, addressing proper minibatch parallelization, including reweighted updates for sparse or orthogonal gradients, improving robustness on non-smooth loss functions, in the process replacing the diagonal Hessian estimation procedure that may not always be available by a robust finite-difference approximation. The final algorithm integrates all these components, has linear complexity and is hyper-parameter free.
Functional Disruption of a Chloroplast Pseudouridine Synthase Desensitizes Arabidopsis Plants to Phosphate Starvation

Phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a common nutritional stress of plants in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Plants respond to Pi starvation in the environment by triggering a suite of biochemical, physiological, and developmental changes that increase survival and growth. The key factors that determine plant sensitivity to Pi starvation, however, are unclear. In this research, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, dps1, with greatly reduced sensitivity to Pi starvation. The dps1 phenotypes are caused by a mutation in the previously characterized SVR1 (SUPPRESSION OF VARIAGATION 1) gene, which encodes a chloroplast-localized pseudouridine synthase. The mutation of SVR1 results in defects in chloroplast rRNA biogenesis, which subsequently reduces chloroplast translation. Another mutant, rps5, which contains a mutation in the chloroplast ribosomal protein RPS5 and has reduced chloroplast translation, also displayed decreased sensitivity to Pi starvation. Furthermore, wild type plants treated with lincomycin, a chemical inhibitor of chloroplast translation, showed similar growth phenotypes and Pi starvation responses as dps1 and rps5. These results suggest that impaired chloroplast translation desensitizes plants to Pi starvation. Combined with previously published results showing that enhanced leaf photosynthesis augments plant responses to Pi starvation, we propose that the decrease in responses to Pi starvation in dps1, rps5, and lincomycin-treated plants is due to their reduced demand for Pi input from the environment.
Cyclin D1 G870A Polymorphism is a Risk Factor for Esophageal Cancer Among Asians

Investigations concerning the association of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk have generated conflicting results. Thus, meta-analyses were conducted. The overall data suggest that CCND1 G870A variation might have an association with increased esophageal cancer susceptibility. In subgroup analyses on ethnicity, homozygous AA alleles might elevate esophageal cancer risk among Asians but not Caucasians. In subgroup analysis on histological types, no association was found in either the adenocarcinoma or the squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. Collectively, results suggest that CCND1 G870A polymorphism might be a low-penetrant risk factor for esophageal carcinoma, particularly among Asians.
A Controlled Filtering Method for Estimating Harmonics of Off-Nominal Frequencies

The increasing use of power electronics in power systems causes a high injection of harmonic components which can in turn interfere with utility equipment and customer loads. Therefore, the correct estimation and measurement of harmonics have become an important issue. If the power frequency of the signal is steady and near the nominal value, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can be used and good estimation performance is achieved. However, there are considerable power frequency variations on isolated systems such as shipboard power systems, micro-grids and smart-grids. When these variations occur there may be significant errors in the estimates using the DFT. In order to deal with this problem, this work presents a novel technique based on demodulation of the power line signal and subsequent filtering for harmonics estimation. The main features of the proposed harmonic estimation technique are: precise and accurate estimation of harmonics of off-nominal frequencies and fast estimation of harmonics (about two cycles of the fundamental component). Simulation results show that the proposed technique performs well in comparison with the DFT and can be a good candidate to replace it in cases where the power frequency is subject to considerable variations.
Enhancing Sketch-Based Image Retrieval by Re-Ranking and Relevance Feedback

A sketch-based image retrieval often needs to optimize the tradeoff between efficiency and precision. Index structures are typically applied to large-scale databases to realize efficient retrievals. However, the performance can be affected by quantization errors. Moreover, the ambiguousness of user-provided examples may also degrade the performance, when compared with traditional image retrieval methods. Sketch-based image retrieval systems that preserve the index structure are challenging. In this paper, we propose an effective sketch-based image retrieval approach with re-ranking and relevance feedback schemes. Our approach makes full use of the semantics in query sketches and the top ranked images of the initial results. We also apply relevance feedback to find more relevant images for the input query sketch. The integration of the two schemes results in mutual benefits and improves the performance of the sketch-based image retrieval.
Comparison of patient evaluations of health care quality in relation to WHO measures of achievement in 12 European countries.

OBJECTIVES To gain insight into similarities and differences in patient evaluations of quality of primary care across 12 European countries and to correlate patient evaluations with WHO health system performance measures (for example, responsiveness) of these countries. METHODS Patient evaluations were derived from a series of Quote (QUality of care Through patients' Eyes) instruments designed to measure the quality of primary care. Various research groups provided a total sample of 5133 patients from 12 countries: Belarus, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, and Ukraine. Intraclass correlations of 10 Quote items were calculated to measure differences between countries. The world health report 2000 - Health systems: improving performance performance measures in the same countries were correlated with mean Quote scores. FINDINGS Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from low to very high, which indicated little variation between countries in some respects (for example, primary care providers have a good understanding of patients' problems in all countries) and large variation in other respects (for example, with respect to prescription of medication and communication between primary care providers). Most correlations between mean Quote scores per country and WHO performance measures were positive. The highest correlation (0.86) was between the primary care provider's understanding of patients' problems and responsiveness according to WHO. CONCLUSIONS Patient evaluations of the quality of primary care showed large differences across countries and related positively to WHO's performance measures of health care systems.
The size of lymph nodes in the neck on sonograms as a radiologic criterion for metastasis: how reliable is it?

PURPOSE A definition of cut-off points for nodal size is essential to determine whether cervical lymph nodes are metastatic or not. Because the currently used size criteria are defined for random populations of patients with head and neck cancer, we set out to study whether these criteria are optimal for patients without palpable metastases in different levels of the neck We defined optimal size criteria for sonography by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of different size cut-off points. METHODS We compared the sensitivity and specificity of different size cut-off points as measured on sonograms for various levels in the neck in a series of 117 patients with and 131 patients without palpable neck metastases. RESULTS A minimum axial diameter of 7 mm for level II and 6 mm for the rest of the neck revealed the optimal compromise between sensitivity and specificity in necks without palpable metastases. For all necks together (with and without palpable metastases), the criteria were 1 to 2 mm larger. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the current sonographic size criteria used for random patient populations are not optimal for necks without palpable metastases, nor can the same cut-off points be used for all levels in the neck.