Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Géochimie isotopique des eaux des formations argileuses et calcaires du site Andra de Meuse/Haute-Marne

La recherche sur le stockage de dechets radioactifs en formation geologique profonde est conduite, en France, dans les argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien (Est du Bassin de Paris). L'origine et l'histoire de l'eau presente dans cette roche argileuse peu permeable est une problematique majeure alors qu'il s'agit du vecteur de radioactivite vers la biosphere. Differents traceurs geochimiques (ΔD, Δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr et teneurs en gaz rares) sont utilises ici pour comprendre l'origine et l'histoire de l'eau porale. La principale difficulte reside dans l'impossibilite d'extraire l'eau des argillites, ayant rendu necessaire la mise au point de protocoles analytiques rigoureux adaptes a ce type de roches. Les resultats obtenus sont confrontes aux analyses geochimiques des eaux des formations calcaires qui encadrent les argilites. Les origines des eaux et les interactions avec les roches avec lesquelles elles sont ou ont ete en contact constituent l'interet de ce travail. L'analyse de la texture des argilites par adsorption de gaz permet en outre d'etudier leur porosite, leur capacite d'adsorption ainsi que leur comportement a l'hydratation. Les eaux porales des argilites s'averent etre d'origine meteorique, ce qui signifie que les eaux marines originellement presentes ont ete envahies par des eaux meteoriques, probablement par diffusion. Les eaux des deux formations calcaires encadrant les argilites presentent des signatures geochimiques distinctes, revelant le role d'ecran joue par la couche impermeable des argilites.
Precipitation-runoff relations for very small semiarid rangeland watersheds

Simple linear regression models for predicting total volume of runoff, peak rate of runoff, duration of runoff, and hydrograph lag-time were developed using three years of data from four small (0.56 to 11.0 acres) watersheds. The models developed indicated that runoff volume was most strongly correlated to total precipitation; that peak rate of runoff was most strongly correlated to the maximum 15-minute depth of precipitation; that flow duration was most strongly correlated to watershed length; and that lag time was most strongly correlated to watershed area. These independent variables accounted for 70, 70, 50, and 30%, respectively, of the variance in the predicted variables. The exponential decay form of the antecedent precipitation equation accounted for 8% of the variation in runoff on one watershed but was insignificant on the others. Analysis indicates that the data represent the high frequency events. It is possible that these models will not accurately predict the low frequency events.
Fine-resolution pollen record of late-glacial climate reversal from New Zealand

The temporal relationship between rapid climate shifts in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at the end of the last glacial is crucial to understanding how the global climate system functions during periods of major transition. A detailed Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude pollen record from a climatically sensitive and well-dated upland site in New Zealand, unlike previous interpretations, shows clear evidence of late-glacial climate changes similar in structure to those in the Northern Hemisphere, including a cooling interval from ca. 11 600 to 10 700 14 C yr B.P. Because the cooling interval occurred ca. 600 14 C yr before the Younger Dryas chron, our record thus also suggests that some global climatic events during the last deglaciation may have registered earlier in the Southern Hemisphere.
Modeling Multilevel Data Structures

data are becoming quite common in political science and provide numerous opportunities for theory testing and development. Unfortunately this type of data typically generates a number of statistical problems, of which clustering is particularly impor? tant. To exploit the opportunities of? fered by multilevel data, and to solve the statistical problems inherent in them, special statistical techniques are required. In this article, we focus on a technique that has become popular in educational statistics and sociology? multilevel analysis. In multilevel analysis, researchers build models that capture the layered structure of multilevel data, and determine how layers interact and impact a dependent variable of interest. Our objective in this article is to introduce the logic and statistical theory behind multilevel models, to illustrate how such models can be applied fruitfully in political science, and to call atten? tion to some of the pitfalls in multilevel analysis.
Positron emission tomography detects greater blood flow and less blood flow heterogeneity in the exercising skeletal muscles of old compared with young men during fatiguing contractions

The results of previous studies that attempted to demonstrate the effects of ageing on skeletal muscle blood flow are controversial because these studies used indirect assessments of skeletal muscle blood flow obtained via whole limb blood flow measurements that provide no information on the distribution of blood flow within particular muscles. We used positron emission tomography to measure blood flow per gram of muscle in old and young men with similar levels of physical activity. Resting muscle blood flow was similar in both groups and exercising muscle blood flow was greater and less heterogeneous in the older men. Old and young men achieved similar maximal voluntary contraction forces and endurance times during two types of fatiguing isometric task. These findings indicate that physically active old men have intact neural drive to the muscle and achieve adequate exercise hyperaemia despite the age‐induced decrease in their muscle volume.
Toponym-based geotagging for observing precipitation from social and scientific data streams

Weather is a typical topic of daily conversations, so it is a natural idea to use social data to observe weather. Geotagging is a key to use social data for weather applications because weather is a highly localized phenomenon on the earth. Hence we developed software called GeoNLP for toponym-based geotagging, and applied it to Twitter data stream to find toponyms (place names) from Japanese tweets talking about precipitation events. We observed that less than 10 percent of the tweets contain toponym information, but it can capture precipitation events for each place. We also show temporal relationship between rain events and tweets. A case study shows that the relative number of tweets about rain and snow indicates the status of weather. In a few months, we collected almost million tweets about precipitation events with toponyms, but bias of tweets toward highly populated area is a big problem for applying the method to rural areas. The result indicates that social data streams can be used as complementary data source to scientific data streams.
Cultural Constraints on Brain Development: Evidence from a Developmental Study of Visual Word Processing in Mandarin Chinese

Developmental differences in phonological and orthographic processing in Chinese were examined in 9 year olds, 11 year olds, and adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Rhyming and spelling judgments were made to 2-character words presented sequentially in the visual modality. The spelling task showed greater activation than the rhyming task in right superior parietal lobule and right inferior temporal gyrus, and there were developmental increases across tasks bilaterally in these regions in addition to bilateral occipital cortex, suggesting increased involvement over age on visuo-orthographic analysis. The rhyming task showed greater activation than the spelling task in left superior temporal gyrus and there were developmental decreases across tasks in this region, suggesting reduced involvement over age on phonological representations. The rhyming and spelling tasks included words with conflicting orthographic and phonological information (i.e., rhyming words spelled differently or nonrhyming words spelled similarly) or nonconflicting information. There was a developmental increase in the difference between conflicting and nonconflicting words in left inferior parietal lobule, suggesting greater engagement of systems for mapping between orthographic and phonological representations. Finally, there were developmental increases across tasks in an anterior (Broadman area [BA] 45, 46) and posterior (BA 9) left inferior frontal gyrus, suggesting greater reliance on controlled retrieval and selection of posterior lexical representations.
Omalizumab therapy for children and adolescents with severe allergic asthma

Omalizumab, a therapeutic humanized monoclonal antibody specific for human IgE, was introduced in clinical practice more than a decade ago as an add-on therapy for moderate-to-severe allergic asthma in patients aged ≥12 years. Omalizumab has been demonstrated to be effective in adults with uncontrolled persistent asthma, with an excellent safety profile. In simple terms, omalizumab works by inhibiting the allergic cascade, that is, by neutralization of the circulating free IgE. This leads to reduction in the quantity of cell-bound IgE, downregulation of high-affinity IgE receptors, and, eventually, prevention of mediator release from effector cells. Evidence is far less abundant on the role of omalizumab in pediatric asthma. Although efficacy and safety of omalizumab in children and adolescents with uncontrolled, persistent allergic asthma has been recognized as well, further studies are needed to clarify a number of open questions in this specific patient population.
On Querying Encrypted Databases

This paper presents a new range query mechanism to query encrypted databases that reside at third-party, untrusted, servers. This paper is a continuation of work done by others [1]; our scheme seeks to improve the precision of querying encrypted data sets, increase the utilization of server side processing and reduce the computation and memory utilization on the client side. We compare our algorithm with previous work, and quantify the performance improvements using numerical results.
Diethylstilbestrol impaired oogenesis of yellow catfish juveniles through disrupting hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and germ cell development

Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a non‐steroidal estrogen, has been found to cause altered germ cell development and disordered ovarian development in fish females. However, the mechanisms that might be involved are poorly understood. In this study, female juveniles of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) (120 days post‐hatching) were exposed to two doses (10 and 100 ng l−1) of DES for 28 days. After the endpoint of exposure, decreased ovary weight and gonadosomatic index, as well as various ovarian impairments were observed in response to DES. Besides, DES elevated the mRNA levels of vitellogenin 1 (vtg 1) and estrogen receptor 1 (esr 1) in liver and decreased 17β‐estradiol level in plasma. Correspondingly, suppressed mRNA levels of the key genes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (such as cyp19a1b, gnrh‐II, fshβ and lhβ in brain and fshr, lhr and cyp19a1a in ovary) after DES exposure were also observed. The declined level of plasma 17β‐estradiol and altered gene expressions of genes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis were thus supposed to be closely related to the disrupted oogenesis in DES‐treated fish. Analyses further demonstrated that, higher concentration of DES elevated the expression ratio of bax/bcl‐2, indicating the enhanced apoptosis occurred in ovary. Moreover, DES upregulated the expressions of genes involved in proliferation (cyclin d1 and pcna), meiotic entry (cyp26a1 and scp3) and meiotic maintenance (dmc1), resulting in arrested oogenesis in catfish. The present study greatly extended our understanding on the mechanisms underlying of reproductive toxicity of DES on fish oogenesis.
Changes in Tropical Cyclone Activity Due to Global Warming: Results from a High-Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model

This study investigates the possible changes that the greenhouse global warming might generate in the characteristics of the tropical cyclones (TCs). To this aim, scenario climate simulations, performed with a fully coupled high-resolution global general circulation model, have been analyzed. First of all the capability of the model to reproduce a reasonably realistic TC climatology has been assessed by comparing the model results from a simulation of the 20th Century with observational data sets. Then, the changes in the model TCs induced by atmospheric CO2 increase have been quantified. From the current climate simulation, the model appears to be able to simulate tropical cyclon-like vortices with many features similar to the observed TCs. The simulated TC activity exhibits realistic geographical distribution, seasonal modulation and interannual variability, suggesting that the model is able to reproduce the major basic mechanisms that link the TC occurrence with the large scale circulation. The results from the climate scenarios reveal a substantial general reduction of the TC activity when the atmospheric CO2 concentration is doubled and quadrupled. The reduction appears particularly evident for the tropical north west Pacific (NWP) and north Atlantic (ATL). In the NWP the weaker TC activity seems to be associated with a reduced efficiency of triggering of convective instabilities due to a rise of the level of free convection. In the ATL region the weaker TC activity seems to be due to both the increased stability of the atmosphere and a stronger vertical wind shear. Despite the generally reduced TC activity, there are evidences of increased intensity of the simulated cyclones in terms of rainfall. Despite the overall warming of the tropical upper ocean and the expansion of warm SSTs to the subtropics and mid-latitudes, the action of the TCS remains well confined to the tropical region and the peak of TC number remains equatorward of 20o latitude in both the Hemispheres.
IMP dehydrogenase basal activity in MOLT‐4 human leukaemia cells is altered by mycophenolic acid and 6‐thioguanosine

Objective. Depletion of guanine and deoxyguanine nucleotides by inhibition of inosine 5'‐monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH, EC 1.1.1.205) or introduction of 6‐thioguanine nucleotide antimetabolites are two principles of retarding cell proliferation by interference with the cellular purine nucleotide pool. IMPDH activity may be a promising pharmacodynamic biomarker during immunosuppressive and anticancer pharmacotherapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and 6‐thioguanosine (tGuO) on IMPDH basal activity. Material and methods. We studied the IMPDH basal activity (i.e. the enzyme activity following inhibitor exposure, but measured in absence of the inhibitor) in response to increasing concentrations of the IMPDH inhibitor MPA and the antimetabolite tGuO in MOLT‐4 human leukaemia cells. In parallel, IMPDH gene expression and cellular purine nucleotide concentrations were examined. Results. A biphasic concentration‐dependent influence of MPA on the IMPDH basal activity was observed. At concentrations⩽IC50, MPA increased the IMPDH basal activity. The increase was associated with elevated expression of IMPDH2. Despite increased expression, the basal enzyme activity decreased following exposure to high MPA concentrations. The IMPDH2 expression increased modestly in response to tGuO exposure. However, the IMPDH basal activity decreased when the cells were exposed to a proliferation‐blocking tGuO concentration. Conclusions. These findings demonstrate that IMPDH basal activity is influenced by MPA and tGuO, and suggest that reduced IMPDH basal activity is related to the proliferation‐blocking effects of these agents.
Improving the Sustainability of Pasture Use in Kyrgyzstan

Abstract This article reports on a qualitative case study about pasture governance practices in Naryn oblast in Kyrgyzstan. It investigates the relationship between shifts in pasture legislation and herders' mobility. The article describes a study of the outcomes of 2002 pasture management legislation that introduced pasture lease agreements. It specifically looks at the implications of dispersed administrative responsibility for livestock mobility. Contrary to what other studies have found, results of this study suggest that, in the case study, municipality, administrative hurdles were not a major cause of the abandonment of seasonal migration. Based on this finding, the results of the study suggest that a second reform approach, which started in 2009 and replaced the previous administrative arrangement with community-based pasture management would not necessarily improve the sustainable use of pastures and boost livestock mobility. The author points to the importance of designing effective local enforcement mechanisms for seasonal migration.
General Iteration graphs and Boolean automata circuits

This article is set in the field of regulation networks modeled by discrete dynamical systems. It focuses on Boolean automata networks. In such networks, there are many ways to update the states of every element. When this is done deterministically, at each time step of a discretised time flow and according to a predefined order, we say that the network is updated according to a block-sequential update schedule (blocks of elements are updated sequentially while, within each block, the elements are updated synchronously). Many studies, for the sake of simplicity and with some biologically motivated reasons, have concentrated on networks updated with one particular block-sequential update schedule (more often the synchronous/parallel update schedule or sequential update schedules). The aim of this paper is to give an argument formally proven and inspired by biological considerations in favour of the fact that the choice of a particular update schedule does not matter so much in terms of the possible and likely dynamical behaviours that networks may display.
Towards Robust Unsupervised Personal Name Disambiguation

The increasing use of large open-domain document sources is exacerbating the problem of ambiguity in named entities. This paper explores the use of a range of syntactic and semantic features in unsupervised clustering of documents that result from ad hoc queries containing names. From these experiments, we find that the use of robust syntactic and semantic features can significantly improve the state of the art for disambiguation performance for personal names for both Chinese and English.
Is an ionospheric electron enhancement preceding the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake a precursor?

Heki [2011] reported that the TEC gradually enhanced from 40 minutes before the 2011 M9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (Tohoku EQ) to the time when the co‐seismic acoustic wave reached the ionosphere and the TEC immediately recovered at the normal state. This paper shows an alternative interpretation of total electron content (TEC) variation in the ionosphere associated with the Tohoku EQ. Our interpretation is that a tsunamigenic ionospheric hole, a wide depletion of the TEC, occurred after the co‐seismic acoustic wave reached the ionosphere and gradually recovered at the normal state with several tens of minutes [Kakinami et al., 2012]. The difference between Heki [2011] and Kakinami et al. [2012] is attributed to the reference curves of the TEC to extract the ionospheric variations. The former is given by the least‐squares fitting curve of the EQ day data excluding an expected precursor period, while the latter is given by the data of the similar orbit of global positioning system (GPS) satellite on another day. The results suggest that variation of slant TEC is explained by the depletion of TEC due to tsunami rather than the precursory enhancement.
From Data to Insight: Work Practices of Analysts in the Enterprise

With greater availability of data, businesses are increasingly becoming data-driven enterprises, establishing standards for data acquisition, processing, infrastructure, and decision making. Enterprises now have people dedicated to performing analytic work to support decision makers. To better understand analytic work, particularly the role of enterprise business analysts, researchers interviewed 34 analysts at a large corporation. Analytical work occurred in an ecosystem of data, tools, and people; the ecosystem's overall quality and efficiency depended on the amount of coordination and collaboration. Analysts were the bridge between business and IT, closing the semantic gap between datasets, tools, and people. This article provides an overview of the analytic work in the enterprise, describing challenges in data, tools, and practices and identifying opportunities for new tools for collaborative analytics.
AISeL ) All Sprouts Content Sprouts 11-20-2008 A Social Linkage View on the Business Value of IT

Our research intends to explore whether a social perspective on IT business alignment can help shed light on the IT value creation process by considering different facets of interpersonal linkage. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model which could be discussed at the JAIS workshop. Further, we use some empirical data from 149 US banks in order to find first empirical evidence whether our research focus represents a promising direction. We find initial support for our main hypotheses that communication, cross-domain knowledge and mutuality among and between IT and business staff significantly impact IT usage and business process outcomes. The final results of our research could contribute to our understanding of how the IT resource should be understood and used to measurably contribute to firm goals. The initial findings support the caveat of recent studies suggesting that informal aspects of alignment might be quite notable (e.g. Chan, 2002) and show that our theoretical understanding of alignment should be extended to better incorporate social aspects of daily work life.
Transport and Catabolism of Pentitols by Listeria monocytogenes

Transposon insertion into Listeria monocytogenes lmo2665, which encodes an EIIC of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), was found to prevent D-arabitol utilization. We confirm this result with a deletion mutant and show that Lmo2665 is also required for D-xylitol utilization. We therefore called this protein EIICAxl. Both pentitols are probably catabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) because lmo2665 belongs to an operon, which encodes the three PTSAxl components, two sugar-P dehydrogenases, and most PPP enzymes. The two dehydrogenases oxidize the pentitol-phosphates produced during PTS-catalyzed transport to the PPP intermediate xylulose-5-P. L. monocytogenes contains another PTS, which exhibits significant sequence identity to PTSAxl. Its genes are also part of an operon encoding PPP enzymes. Deletion of the EIIC-encoding gene (lmo0508) affected neither D-arabitol nor D-xylitol utilization, although D-arabitol induces the expression of this operon. Both operons are controlled by MtlR/LicR-type transcription activators (Lmo2668 and Lmo0501, respectively). Phosphorylation of Lmo0501 by the soluble PTSAxl components probably explains why D-arabitol also induces the second pentitol operon. Listerial virulence genes are submitted to strong repression by PTS sugars, such as glucose. However, D-arabitol inhibited virulence gene expression only at high concentrations, probably owing to its less efficient utilization compared to glucose.