Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ABC versus CAB for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective, randomized simulator-based trial.

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY After years of advocating ABC (Airway-Breathing-Circulation), current guidelines of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) recommend CAB (Circulation-Airway-Breathing). This trial compared ABC with CAB as initial approach to CPR from the arrival of rescuers until the completion of the first resuscitation cycle. METHODS 108 teams, consisting of two physicians each, were randomized to receive a graphical display of either the ABC algorithm or the CAB algorithm. Subsequently teams had to treat a simulated cardiac arrest. Data analysis was performed using video recordings obtained during simulations. The primary endpoint was the time to completion of the first resuscitation cycle of 30 compressions and two ventilations. RESULTS The time to execution of the first resuscitation measure was 32 ± 12 seconds in ABC teams and 25 ± 10 seconds in CAB teams (P = 0.002). 18/53 ABC teams (34%) and none of the 55 CAB teams (P = 0.006) applied more than the recommended two initial rescue breaths which caused a longer duration of the first cycle of 30 compressions and two ventilations in ABC teams (31 ± 13 vs.23 ± 6 sec; P = 0.001). Overall, the time to completion of the first resuscitation cycle was longer in ABC teams (63 ± 17 vs. 48 ± 10 sec; P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This randomized controlled trial found CAB superior to ABC with an earlier start of CPR and a shorter time to completion of the first 30:2 resuscitation cycle. These findings endorse the change from ABC to CAB in international resuscitation guidelines.
Remarks on involuntary agent constructions

Abstract The present paper discusses formal and semantic features of so-called “Involuntary Agent Constructions” (IAC for short) from a cross- linguistic perspective. The label refers to constructions that express the meaning ‘do sth. accidentally/involuntarily’. This means that in contrast to a canonical agent the feature of volitionality is lacking. The paper shows that volitionality (and thus agency) is an important part of linguistic transitivity, since in many languages IAC's are formally less transitive constructions than canonical transitive clauses. On the basis of their formal features, IAC's will be divided into four types. In addition to the formal typology of IAC's, the paper also discusses semantic features that condition the use of IAC's in languages. These include the semantics of events and the nature of the agent. On the basis of these features it is shown that IAC's are constructions that express the unexpected low degree of agency associated with an event. For example, forces like ‘wind’ do not readily appear in IAC's due to their inherently low degree of agency. Also the additional functions that IAC's can express are discussed.
Molecular cloning of a rhodopsin gene from salamander rods.

PURPOSE Salamander photoreceptor cells have been used widely as models in vision research. However, the salamander opsin genes had not been cloned. The purpose of this study was to clone a salamander rhodopsin and to determine its primary structure and cell type-specific expression. METHODS Using salamander retina RNA as a template and Xenopus rhodopsin-specific oligonucleotides as primers, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to amplify and clone a rhodopsin cDNA fragment. This fragment was used as a probe to isolate a full-length cDNA of the rhodopsin from a cDNA library of salamander retina. The dideoxynucleotide chain termination method was used to determine the nucleotide sequence. Single rod and cone cells were isolated by micromanipulation, and the absorbance spectra of the rod outer segments were measured with a photon-counting microspectrophotometer. Individual rod and cone cells were lysed for RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis to detect cell-specific expression of this gene. RESULTS A 1.2 kb rhodopsin cDNA containing the full-length coding region of rhodopsin has been cloned and sequenced from the larval tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. This cDNA encodes 354 amino acids that, by hydropathy profile, could form seven transmembrane domains characteristic of other rhodopsins. Sequence identity was found with other amphibian rhodopsins at the nucleic acid (82% to 83%) and the amino acid (88% to 89%) levels. Key amino acids critical for structure and function of rhodopsin have been retained. The mRNA of this rhodopsin was identified in red rod cells (lambda max 506 nm). No expression of the gene was detected in cone cells. CONCLUSIONS The cloned rhodopsin is a newly isolated member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This protein is expressed in rods but not in cones.
High-Resolution Absorption Spectroscopy of Multiphase, High-Metallicity Gas Associated with the Luminous Quasar HE 0226–4110

We present FUSE and HST STIS observations of the absorption-line system near the emission redshift of the radio-quiet, X-ray-bright quasar HE 0226-4110 (z = 0.495, V = 15.2). The spectra cover the rest-frame wavelength range 610-1150 Å, and we detect a wide range of ionization species, including four adjacent stages of oxygen: O III-VI, which reveal a striking change in gas kinematics with ionization. Examinaton of the O VI λλ1031, 1037 doublet profiles reveals no evidence for partial coverage or unresolved saturated structure. O III is only detected in a narrow feature that is also traced by the H I and C III lines, suggesting that they arise in the same gas. Absorption at the same velocity is also present in other species (N IV, O IV-VI, S IV, and possibly Ne VIII ), but the kinematics differ from the O III, implying production in separate gaseous phases. The combination of H I, O III , and C III information yields an estimate of both the photoionization parameter and the metallicity of the O III-bearing gas: [O/H] = +0.12, log U = -2.29. We discuss two possible locations for the gas in this associated absorption-line system: the narrow emission line region of the quasar, and the halo of the quasar host galaxy. An additional narrow (and thus photoionized) component that is only detected in O VI appears 58 km s-1 redward of the O III-bearing gas with -0.35 ≲ log U ≲ 0.02. Additional structure is detected in the associated absorber in the form of two broad components that only appear in moderate- to high-ionization species.
The Detection of Deception: The Effects of First and Second Language on Lie Detection Ability

An experiment was designed to test behavioural differences in the detection of deception arising from investigative interviews conducted in either a first or second language. A two (Cantonese or English) by two (deception or truthfulness) between-subjects factorial design was used. Twenty-six postgraduate criminology student observers provided judgments of lying in 20 video-taped interviews of undergraduate subjects randomly assigned to either telling the truth or lying about their opinions on capital punishment. Observers did less well in identifying liars in their first language but were more successful in identifying liars speaking in a second language. However, observers made more mistakes with those telling the truth in a second language. The degree that deceivers deployed countermeasures also varied with second language users reporting less ability to control verbal and non-verbal behavioural cues. Deceivers, irrespective of language, found lying required more cognitive resources than telling the truth and lying in a second language tends to alter one's facial expression or emotion. Behaviour associated with deception is discussed in the context of bilingual 'code switching' that appears to lessen cognitive load while lying and may be a potential marker of deception. Disbelieving-the-truth mistakes, or 'false positives' are as troublesome as false negatives and require attention in the context of cross-cultural interrogations.
Unraveling the Adoption of mCRM Smartphone Applications among Dutch Retailers

Scientific research on the adoption of mobile marketing applications for mCRM purposes is scarce (Zengh, 2011). In order to develop a model, examining dynamics on the adoption of mobile marketing Smartphone applications of retailers in the Dutch market, first, the original UTAUT model (Venkatesh, Davis, Morris and Morris, 2003) was tested. Results indicate that the concepts performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence explain 64% variance (p< .05) in behavioral intention. Facilitating conditions seem not to fit the model, confirming earlier findings of Venkatesh et al. (2003). Secondly, a model was tested with newly crafted concepts never examined in scientific research: retailers perception, whether their customers (1) would enjoy using a mobile Smartphone application (hedonic motivation), (2) are perceiving the benefits of using this application (customer value) and (3) are already using similar electronic media (habit of customers). Results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicate that hedonic motivation and customer value explain 58% variance (p< .01) in behavioral intention. Habit of customers was unreliably measured and therefore not considered if it would fit the new model. Thirdly, the full model was tested, implying the necessity to include perceived customer hedonic motivation and perceived customer value in future studies. Moreover, practical implications concern the provision of profound information and actual performance measurements of such mCRM tools to stakeholders in the market.
Effect of blood collection tubes on total triiodothyronine and other laboratory assays.

BACKGROUND Increased total triiodothyronine (TT(3)) assay results in apparently euthyroid patients triggered an investigation of the effect of blood collection tubes on serum TT(3) and other laboratory assays. METHODS We examined potential assay interference for three types of tubes: plastic Greiner Bio-One Vacuette; glass Becton Dickinson (BD) Vacutainer; and plastic BD Vacutainer SST tubes. Serum samples from apparently healthy volunteers (age range, 30-60 years; 15 males and 34 females) were collected in different tube types and analyzed in 17 immunoassays (n = 49), 30 clinical chemistry tests (n = 20), and 33 immunology assays (n = 15). Tube effects were also examined by adding pooled serum to different tube types. RESULTS TT(3) values, when measured by the IMMULITE 2000 but not the AxSYM analyzer, were significantly higher (P <0.0001) for SST (2.81 nmol/L) than either glass (2.15 nmol/L) or Vacuette (2.24 nmol/L) tubes. The effect was large enough to substantially shift the distribution of patient values, increasing the percentage of values above the reference interval from 11.3% to 35.8%. The degree of interference from SST tubes on TT(3) differed among various tube lots and could be attributed to a tube additive shared by other plastic tubes. Results from several other tests statistically differed among tube types, but differences were not considered to be clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS Assay interferences from blood collection tubes represent challenges to clinical laboratories because they are not detected by the usual quality-control or proficiency testing programs. Laboratories can, however, address this problem by monitoring distribution of patients' results.
The Tegument and Associated Structures of Fasciola Hepatica

The cuticle of light microscopy is shown by electron microscopy to be a surface layer of protoplasm which is an extension of areas of nucleated protoplasm lying deep in the parenchyma. The cuticle therefore exists at two levels. The external level is syncytial, consisting of plateaux separated by branching valleys. This level contains apical pinocytotic vesicles, numerous mitochondria, endoplasmic membranes, large basal and other vacuoles, and dense spines. Tube-like evaginations from the base of the external level connect it to the individual areas of flask-shaped protoplasm which compose the internal level. Each of these areas of protoplasm contains a nucleus, great numbers of mitochondria, some vacuoles and diffuse inclusions, and the Golgi bodies. The histochemistry and function of the cuticle is discussed in the light of this new knowledge of cuticular ultrastructure, and a comparison is made between the cuticle of Cestoda and Trematoda.
Approaches to Determining Box Consistent Parameter Sets for Polytopic Output Constraints on Linear Fractional Models Using Structured Singular Values

This technical note considers the problem of maximizing the volume of a box of parameters that satisfy polytopic output constraints for linear fractional models using the structured singular value <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>. In particular, four kinds of boxes are considered: 1) a hypercube centered at a specified location; 2) a freely located hypercube; 3) a freely located box of free shape; and 4) a freely located box of free shape and rotation. It is found that the problem for 1) can be solved by computing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> for the number of scalar constraints, while problems for 2)–4) can be reformulated as a constant-matrix <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>-synthesis problem, which can be approached by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D,G-K$</tex-math></inline-formula> iteration.
Conservative treatment of congenital dacryocele.

PURPOSE To study prospectively the effectiveness of medical management of congenital dacryoceles. METHODS All patients presenting with congenital dacryocele that were not infected were treated with warm compresses, massage, and topical antibiotics. Dacryoceles that did not resolve with at least two weeks of medical management were probed. Dacryoceles that were infected were treated with intravenous (IV) antibiotics in addition to warm compresses and massage. RESULTS Seventeen patients with 21 dacryoceles were studied over a 3 1/2-year period. All patients were examined by the authors and treatment was initiated prior to 3 weeks of age. Sixteen dacryoceles resolved with medical management in 1 to 6 days. Three of these 16 dacryoceles were infected and patients were hospitalized at the time of initial ophthalmic evaluation (2 to 4 days of life). One additional dacryocele became infected after 2 days of medical management (4th day of life), requiring hospital admission and IV antibiotics. All four infected dacryoceles resolved within 24 hours of the initiation of IV antibiotics, warm compresses, and massage. Five dacryoceles were probed after not resolving within 14 to 31 days of medical management. One dacryocele required a repeat probing. CONCLUSIONS Medical management can be effective in the treatment of congenital dacryoceles; 76% of dacryoceles in this series resolved after 6 days of medical management.
LADDIS: The Next Generation in NFS File Server Benchmarking

The ability to compare the performance of various NFS(1) file server configurations from several vendors is critically important to a computing facility when selecting an NFS file server. To date, nhfsstone(2) has been a popular means of characterizing NFS file server performance. However, several deficiencies have been found in nhfsstone. The LADDIS NFS file server benchmark has been developed to resolve nhfsstone's shortcomings and provide new functionality. The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC(3)) released the System File Server (SFS) Release 1.0 benchmark suite, which contains 097.LADDIS, as an industry-standard NFS file server benchmark in April 1993. This paper describes the major technical issues involved in developing the benchmark and the rationale used to establish default 097.LADDIS workload parameter values. Where appropriate, areas for further research are identified and encouraged.
Leydig cell aging: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme.

Primary points of control in steroidogenesis are the transport of cholesterol from intracellular stores to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and the subsequent conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc). Testosterone production has been shown to decline in Brown Norway rat Leydig cells as the rats age. To better understand the mechanism by which aging Leydig cells lose steroidogenic function, we examined the effect of aging on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), an important Leydig cell cholesterol transfer protein, and on P450scc. Leydig cells isolated from middle-aged (14 months) and old (24 months) rats produced significantly less testosterone than cells from young (4 months) rats. StAR mRNA (1.7 kilobase [kb]) was significantly reduced in Leydig cells from middle-aged and old rats, by 26% and 52%, respectively. Significant reductions also were seen in the steady-state levels of mRNA for P450scc, of 29% and 50%, respectively. Western blots revealed significant reductions in StAR protein, by 47% and 74%, respectively, and in P450scc protein, by 38% and 54%, respectively. In response to LH stimulation in vitro, testosterone production by Leydig cells in young, middle-aged, and old rats increased by 30-, 40-, and 33-fold, respectively, although the amounts of testosterone produced by the young cells significantly exceeded that produced by the middle-aged and old cells. StAR protein also increased in response to LH by 1.4- , 3-, and 11-fold, respectively, whereas P450scc protein remained unchanged. These results are consistent with the conclusion that compromise of StAR-mediated cholesterol transport may play a key role in age-related reductions in Leydig cell steroidogenesis. However, because P450scc is reduced in old Leydig cells, the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme would be rate-limiting under circumstances in which saturating amounts of cholesterol entered the mitochondria.
Closed-Form Expressions of Optimal Short PR FMT Prototype Filters

The Filtered MultiTone (FMT) modulation can be seen as a simple extension of the OFDM modulation. Indeed, it can be efficiently realized as a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-based transceiver. However, to avoid a significant increase of its computational complexity the FMT has to be implemented with short prototype filters. In this paper we propose explicit expressions to compute such short prototype filters. The corresponding closed-form expressions of the prototype filter coefficients are obtained for two different optimization criteria: out-of-band energy and time-frequency localization. In both cases it is shown that these quasi-optimal results correspond to linear-phase prototype filters.
Are There Gender-Separate Human Capital Effects on Growth? A Review of the Recent Empirical Literature

This paper provides a review of the recent empirical growth literature which includes human capital as a determinant of economic growth; special attention is given to the studies which investigate gender-separate human capital effects. While there is a general consensus regarding the role of (gender-neutral) human capital in the growth process - increasing educational attainment and health status increases labour productivity resulting in greater economic growth - there is a great deal of contradictory evidence regarding the effect of gender-separate human capital on economic growth. For example, in their seminal article, Barro and Lee (1994) find that, while growth is positively related to male education, it is negatively related to female education; Caselli, Esquivel and Lefort (1996), however, find the opposite, while Birdsall, Ross and Sabot (1997) report no significant difference between the genders. This article attempts to appraise and critique this confusing literature, and in the process, resolve many of the existing ambiguities.
Parallel Flow-Sensitive Points-to Analysis

Points-to analysis is a fundamental requirement for many program analyses, optimizations, and debugging/verification tools. However, finding an effective balance between performance, scalability and precision in points-to analysis remains a major challenge. Many flow-sensitive algorithms achieve a desirable level of precision, but are impractical for use on large software. Likewise, many flow-insensitive algorithms scale to large software, but do so with major limitations on precision. Further, given the recent multicore hardware trends, more attention needs to be paid to the use of parallelism for improved performance. In this paper, we introduce a new pointer analysis based on Pointer SSA form (an extension of Array SSA form,) which is flow-sensitive, memory efficient, and can readily be parallelized. It decomposes the points-to analysis into fine-grained units of work that can be easily implemented in an asynchronous task-parallel programming model. More specifically, our contributions are as follows: 1. A Pointer SSA (PSSA)-based scalable interprocedural flow-sensitive context-insensitive pointer analysis (PSSAPT) that produces both points-to and heap def-use information, and supports the task parallel programming model; 2. a preliminary evaluation, including scalability and precision, of the implementation of parallel PSSAPT using a lightweight task-parallel library. Our experimental results with 6 real world applications (including the 2.2MLOC Tizen OS framework) on a 12-core machine show an average speedup of 4.45× and maximum speedup of 7.35×. Our evaluation also includes precision results for an inlinable indirect call analysis.
Intrapsychic Correlates of Professional Quality of Life: Mindfulness, Empathy, and Emotional Separation

Research examining stress disorders provides important information about professional and workplace variables with the potential to influence practitioners’ risk for compassion fatigue and burnout. However, little attention is given to intrapersonal skills or abilities that might function to reduce risk by increasing resilience and improving work satisfaction, but without jeopardizing practitioners’ empathic engagement and effective treatment relationships with clients. This study uses a random sample of licensed clinical social workers (N= 171) to examine relationships of mindfulness, empathy, and emotional separation to several aspects of professional quality of life, including compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Data are analyzed using ordinary least squares linear regression. Findings show mindfulness and emotional separation are significantly associated with compassion satisfaction and burnout, and emotional separation is significantly associated with compassion fatigue. These results suggest that increased emphasis on the intentional management of internal emotional states may be as important for clinicians as it is for clients, and that professional training programs should consider how best to teach such skills.