Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of different irrigation systems and gravitational effect on final extrusion of the irrigant

Background The aim of this study was to compare manual needle irrigation (MNI), RinsEndo (RE), and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and assess the effect of gravity on extrusion from the apex in vitro. Material and Methods The distobuccal roots of molars were used and the canals were instrumented up to F2. Teeth were mounted on models, which permitted visualization and manipulation of the apices for necessary procedures. The models were placed in articulator to simulate the jaw. Six groups (G) were formed as: G1, G2 and G3 represented mandibular positioning of teeth and were irrigated with MNI, RE, and PUI, respectively, while G4, G5, and G6 represented maxillary positioning of teeth and were also irrigated in same sequence. Prior to the final irrigation, 72 cube-shaped foam pieces covered with aluminum foil were weighed and the values were recorded as the initial weights. The cubes were then placed on the apical part of each sample. Final irrigation was performed with distilled water and the cubes were weighed again to determine their final weight. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U post-hoc test (p<0.05). Results Irrespective of the irrigation technique used, the amount of irrigant extruded from the apex showed a statistically significant difference related to the effect of gravity (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between irrigation methods (p>0.05). When the irrigation systems were compared to examine the effect of gravity, the significant difference was found between G2 and G5 (p<0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, MNI and PUI were found to be reliable irrigation systems. Caution should be exercised when using RinsEndo. Key words:Final irrigation, manual needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, RinsEndo.
Religious Orientation and the Experience of Eid‐ul‐Azha Among Pakistani Muslims

Measures of religious orientation were used to predict the experience of Pakistani Muslims during Eid-ul-Azha, a celebration that marks the end of the Haj. Participants displayed varying degrees of correlation of the intrinsic, extrinsic-personal, and extrinsic-social orientations with interest, affect, and work-related responsibility variables during the Eid holiday. Gender differences appeared in that religious orientations were more predictive of the male Eid-ul-Azha experience, but these measures usefully clarified the religious commitments of women as well. As expected, the intrinsic orientation proved to be an especially noteworthy index of religious adjustment, and the extrinsic-social orientation was significantly lower than the other two motivations. These data demonstrated once again that religious orientation constructs developed in the West might serve as a useful point of departure for understanding the psychology of Muslim religion.
The influence of organizational culture on attitudes toward organizational change

This study investigates the influence of organizational culture on attitudes toward organizational change in Malaysia. Based on the work of Goffee and Jones and Dunham et al., a structured questionnaire was developed and self‐administered to 258 companies listed in the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturing directory. The results showed that there is an association between organizational culture and the affective, cognitive, and behavioral tendency of attitudes toward organizational change. The findings also showed that different types of organizational culture have different levels of acceptance of attitudes toward organizational change. This means that certain type of organizational culture could facilitate the acceptability of change, while other types of culture could not accept it. The implications of this research are also discussed.
Endoscopic treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a critical review.

OBJECT The goal of this paper is to present a critical review of the endoscopic procedures currently in use for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Endoscopic techniques and outcomes are discussed. METHODS An extensive review of published articles on the subject of endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery is presented, encompassing six endoscopic techniques used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. Since the first report in 1987, 7091 patients have undergone 8068 operations. The overall success rate has been 96.52%, with a complication rate of 2.67% and a failure rate of 2.61%. The mean time to return to work in patients not receiving Workers' Compensation was 17.8 days, ranging between 10.8 and 22.3 days. The most common complications were transient paresthesias of the ulnar and median nerves. Other complications included superficial palmar arch injuries, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, flexor tendon lacerations, and incomplete transverse carpal ligament division. In many studies in which open and endoscopic techniques were compared, it was reported that patients in the the latter group experienced significantly less pain and returned to work and activities of daily living earlier. CONCLUSIONS Success and complication rates of endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery are similar to those for standard open procedures.
Mature Graduates II: Occupational attainment and the effects of social class

This paper compares occupational attainment among mature graduates, both male and female, from working-class origins with outcomes for mature graduates from middle-class origins. Data from the General Household Survey, (1982-1992) was used yielding 4265 male and 2869 female early graduates, 700 male, and 448 female, mature graduates. It was found that proportionately more people from working-class than middle-class origins study as adults than at the school leaving stage. Nonetheless, mature graduates from middle-class origins still outnumber those from working-class origins. However, it was found that people from working-class origins had increased their take-up of higher education as mature students over time and are reaching parity with people from middle-class origins. Working-class mature graduates are more likely to have studied in less prestigious institutions and at an older age than middle-class mature graduates, although the effects are small. These characteristics were associated with lesser occupational attainment. Working-class mature graduates are similar to middle-class mature graduates in appearing to have the faster promotion rates than early graduates, thus making up some initial career disadvantage.
Is the Emerging Massive Cluster NGC 2244 a Twin Cluster?

We present in this paper the first near-infrared study of the young open cluster NGC 2244, which is well known for its partially embedded nature in the Rosette Nebula. Based on the spatially complete Two Micron All Sky Survey, the young OB cluster indicates apparent substructures. It is surprisingly resolved into a compact core that matches well the congregation of massive OB stars in the optical, a satellite cluster at a distance of 6.6 pc west of the center of NGC 2244 and probably a major stellar aggregate resembling an arc in structure right below the core. This infrared study provides various new updates on the nature of the young open cluster, including its central position, physical scale, and stellar population. A disk fraction of ~20.5% ± 2.8% is achieved for its members with masses above 0.8 M☉. NGC 2244 is thus a unique example for the study of embedded clusters.
Mesangiogenic Progenitor Cells Derived from One Novel CD64brightCD31brightCD14neg Population in Human Adult Bone Marrow

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been the object of extensive research for decades, due to their intrinsic clinical value. Nonetheless, the unambiguous identification of a unique in vivo MSC progenitor is still lacking, and the hypothesis that these multipotent cells could possibly arise from different in vivo precursors has been gaining consensus in the last years. We identified a novel multipotent cell population in human adult bone marrow that we first named Mesodermal Progenitor Cells (MPCs) for the ability to differentiate toward the mesenchymal lineage, while still retaining angiogenic potential. Despite extensive characterization, MPCs positioning within the differentiation pathway and whether they can be ascribed as possible distinctive progenitor of the MSC lineage is still unclear. In this study, we describe the ex vivo isolation of one novel bone marrow subpopulation (Pop#8) with the ability to generate MPCs. Multicolor flow cytometry in combination with either fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting were applied to characterize Pop#8 as CD64brightCD31brightCD14neg. We defined Pop#8 properties in culture, including the potential of Pop#8-derived MPCs to differentiate into MSCs. Gene expression data were suggestive of Pop#8 in vivo involvement in hematopoietic stem cell niche constitution/maintenance. Pop#8 resulted over three logs more frequent than other putative MSC progenitors, corroborating the idea that most of the controversies regarding culture-expanded MSCs could be the consequence of different culture conditions that select or promote particular subpopulations of precursors.
Development of Reactions to Pain of Inoculation in Children and their Mothers

This is a naturalistic study focusing on developmental changes in the immediate reactions of 183 Japanese children under 7 years old and their mothers to pain caused by inoculation of the children. Under the age of 5 crying was a typical child behaviour, whereas 5- and 6-year-olds showed facial expressions instead. Their mothers were generally empathetic to the children’s distress on inoculation, but the empathetic reactions tended to decrease as the children grew older. However, children’s crying per se did not necessarily cause the reactions, and the mothers of the older children tended to react to the children’s pain with a smile. A greater proportion of 3-year-old females cried than males of the same age, but despite this their mothers had a stronger tendency to respond with a smile in comparison with the mothers of male children. The results were discussed with respect to development of emotional independence and competence of social manipulation by children.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for the chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of adding cognitive behaviour therapy to the medical care of patients presenting with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Design: Randomised controlled trial with final assessment at 12 months. Setting: An infectious diseases outpatient clinic. Subjects: 60 consecutively referred patients meeting consensus criteria for the chronic fatigue syndrome. Interventions: Medical care comprised assessment, advice, and follow up in general practice. Patients who received cognitive behaviour therapy were offered 16 individual weekly sessions in addition to their medical care. Main outcome measures: The proportions of patients (a) who achieved normal daily functioning (Karnofsky score 80 or more) and (b) who achieved a clinically significant improvement in functioning (change in Karnofsky score 10 points or more) by 12 months after randomisation. Results: Only two eligible patients refused to participate. All randomised patients completed treatment. An intention to treat analysis showed that 73% (22/30) of recipients of cognitive behaviour therapy achieved a satisfactory outcome as compared with 27% (8/30) of patients who were given only medical care (difference 47 percentage points; 95% confidence interval 24 to 69). Similar differences were observed in subsidiary outcome measures. The improvement in disability among patients given cognitive behaviour therapy continued after completion of therapy. Illness beliefs and coping behaviour previously associated with a poor outcome changed more with cognitive behaviour therapy than with medical care alone. Conclusion: Adding cognitive behaviour therapy to the medical care of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome is acceptable to patients and leads to a sustained reduction in functional impairment. Key messages Key messages There is no generally accepted form of treatment New findings show that patients referred to hospital for the chronic fatigue syndrome have a better outcome if they are given a course of cognitive behaviour therapy than if they receive only basic medical care Clinical improvement with cognitive behaviour therapy may be slow but often continues after treatment has ended Cognitive behaviour therapy should be considered as an option for patients presenting with the chronic fatigue syndrome
Batswana 1 Adolescents’ Interpretation of American Music Videos: So that’s What that Means!

Understanding the impact of mass media communication from developing countries on Black populations continues to be an important research topic. This study assessed the impact of television, specifically, music video programming from the United States, on 191 Black adolescents from Botswana, a developing country located in southern Africa. Results indicated that television programming originating in America has a significant impact on the Batswana youth, with greater than two thirds of adolescents having weekly exposure to this form of American culture. However, the majority of African youth failed to demonstrate accurate perceptions of culture-specific language and images contained in the music videos. Findings also suggest that American entertainment figures are replacing the influence of African entertainers on the Batswana youth. Relations between media technology and shifts in cultural values of developing countries are discussed.
Effects of Collaborative Action Research on the Knowledge of Five Canadian Teacher-Researchers

5 experienced teachers in Ontario, Canada, joined a school-university partnership to study the student evaluation practices of 13 "exemplary" teachers selected for their expertise in using cooperative learning (Phase 1). Data were collected in 2 semistructured interviews. Participation in Phase 1 of the action research left the teacher-researchers in a state of positive dissonance: dissatisfied with their evaluation methods, aware of attractive new strategies, and confident of their ability change their practice. In Phase 2 the teacher-researchers conducted inquiries in which they developed and enacted strategies for teaching students how to self-evaluate. Data sources included student surveys of attitudes toward evaluation, student focus-group interviews, individual interviews with teacher-researchers, observations of team deliberations, action research reports, and story-boards created by the teacher-researchers. Each teacher-researcher used the Phase 1 findings in different ways, with every teacher ignoring some results, modestly adapting others, and most frequently reconstructing the intent of the exemplary teachers without adopting their specific methods. The 2-phase approach to action research contributed to the knowledge base of teaching (creation of a framework for teaching self-evaluation) and to the personal practical knowledge of the teacher-researchers (how to enact the framework in their classroom) and enhanced teachers' expectations about their ability to bring about learning. These benefits might not accrue in action research projects without the involvement of teachers with average or high efficacy beliefs, collaboration in the design and analysis of the projects, or supportive university professors sharing research skills.
Deposited in DRO : 06 April 2017 Version of attached le : Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le : Peer-reviewed Citation for published item :

This paper presents a series of experiments demonstrating the capacity of single-walled carbon-nanotube (SWCNT)/liquid crystal (LC) mixtures to be trained by evolutionary algorithms to act as classifiers on linear and nonlinear binary datasets. The training process is formulated as an optimisation problem with hardware in the loop. The liquid SWCNT/LC samples used here are un-configured and with nonlinear currentvoltage relationship, thus presenting a potential for being evolved. The nature of the problem means that derivative-free stochastic search algorithms are required. Results presented here are based on differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO). Further investigations using DE, suggest that a SWCNT/LC material is capable of being reconfigured for different binary classification problems, corroborating previous research. In addition, it is able to retain a physical memory of each of the solutions to the problems it has been trained to solve.
Comparison of FPGA and GPU implementations of real-time stereo vision

Real-time stereo vision systems have many applications - from autonomous navigation for vehicles through surveillance to materials handling. Accurate scene interpretation depends on an ability to process high resolution images in real-time, but, although the calculations for stereo matching are basically simple, a practical system needs to evaluate at least 109 disparities every second - beyond the capability of a single processor. Stereo correspondence algorithms have high degrees of inherent parallelism and are thus good candidates for parallel implementations. In this paper, we compare the performance obtainable with an FPGA and a GPU to understand the trade-off between the flexibility but relatively low speed of an FPGA and the high speed and fixed architecture of the GPU. Our comparison highlights the relative strengths and limitations of the two systems. Our experiments show that, for a range of image sizes, the GPU manages 2 × 109 disparities per second, compared with 2∶6 × 109 disparities per second for an FPGA.
The Effectiveness of Dictogloss in Developing General Writing Skill of Iranian Intermediate EFL learners

Recent research has shown the need for activities that provide an environment for students to focus their attention on both form and meaning. Dictogloss, introduced by Wajnryb in1990, can be considered as a way for integrating form and meaning in the learning context. This study investigated the effect of dictogloss on Iranian EFL learners’ general writing skill. The participants receiving a pre- test and post-test were divided into equal groups in the form of experimental and control group, but only the former received task-based instruction while the latter was exposed to the mainstream of controversial instruction. Going through rigorous and multiple statistical analyses such as data normality check, instrument validation and running mainly certain parametric statistics, the study revealed two distinctive manifestations: integrative and discrete. Integratively, the treatment affected positively the participants’ general writing ability, however, discretely the effects on the organization and mechanics were positive, while content, usage and vocabulary dimensions of their writing were not much affected.
Effect of dietary fat supplementation on milk components and blood parameters of early-lactating cows under heat stress.

The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of dietary fat supplementation on milk components and blood parameters of early-lactating cows under heat stress. Cows in group 1 were fed basal diet without dietary fat (T1) supplementation (control). The other four experimental groups were fed 1.5% palmitic acid (T2), rapeseed oil (T3) or soybean oil (T4), and 1.8% fat powder (T5), respectively. The results showed that the average Temperature Humidity Index (THI) was 76.68. The Dry Matter Intake (DMI) was not affected by fat supplementation, but the milk yield increased for cows fed supplemental fat. Milk fat increased significantly by fat supplementation (P 0.05). The concentration of plasma glucose was increased by fed supplemental fat (P 0.05). These results indicate that supplementation of dietary fat on early-lactating cows during hot weather can alter milk components and blood parameters, which may be beneficial for enhancement of energy balance and alleviation of heat stress.
CASE STUDY AS A MEANS OF RESEARCHING SOCIAL WORK AND IMPROVING PRACTITIONER EDUCATION

This article explores the possibility of using case study methodology as a means of researching social work practice and improving practitioner education. The paper begins by exploring the differences between a case study approach that is influenced by a more scientific orientation to research compared with a method that places more emphasis on the description of the case and is less preoccupied with the need to provide proof in terms of empirical or statistical validation. The importance of describing case examples is identified both as a means of developing individual practice but also for the educational value for social workers in general. The work of Polanyi and the concept of ‘tacit’ knowledge is described as a basis for harnessing the practice depictions that are presented through a descriptive case study approach, where the emphasis is on developing ‘working’ knowledge as opposed to any preoccupation with definitive truth. Following on from this discussion on methodology and epistemology a phenomenological–hermeneutic case study approach is presented, where the research outcomes are seen in terms of describing possibilities that could form the basis for developing practice and education in social work.
The Effects of Specific Learning Difficulties on Processes of Multilingual Language Development

ABSTRACT This article reviews current research findings on how specific learning difficulties (SLDs) impact on the processes of multilingual language development. The review includes studies of young language learners in instructed classroom settings, as well as of multilingual children in second language (L2) contexts. Starting with a definition of the concepts of disability and SLDs, it next discusses the interaction of cognitive factors with first language (L1) and L2 literacy development and L2 learning. Also outlined are possible ways in which SLDs can be identified in different L2 learning contexts. A detailed analysis of how cognitive factors influence the development of L2 skills of young learners with learning difficulties is given in the last part of the article.
Claudin 4 Is Differentially Expressed between Ovarian Cancer Subtypes and Plays a Role in Spheroid Formation

Claudin 4 is a cellular adhesion molecule that is frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer and other epithelial cancers. In this study, we sought to determine whether the expression of claudin 4 is associated with outcome in ovarian cancer patients and may be involved in tumor progression. We examined claudin 4 expression in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines, as well as by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays (TMAs; n = 500), spheroids present in patients’ ascites, and spheroids formed in vitro. Claudin 4 was expressed in nearly 70% of the ovarian cancer tissues examined and was differentially expressed across ovarian cancer subtypes, with the lowest expression in clear cell subtype. No association was found between claudin 4 expression and disease-specific survival in any subtype. Claudin 4 expression was also observed in multicellular spheroids obtained from patients’ ascites. Using an in vitro spheroid formation assay, we found that NIH:OVCAR5 cells treated with shRNA against claudin 4 required a longer time to form compact spheroids compared to control NIH:OVCAR5 cells that expressed high levels of claudin 4. The inability of the NIH:OVCAR5 cells treated with claudin 4 shRNA to form compact spheroids was verified by FITC-dextran exclusion. These results demonstrate a role for claudin 4 and tight junctions in spheroid formation and integrity.