Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content and Quality of Information Websites About Congenital Heart Defects Following a Prenatal Diagnosis

Background Pregnant women and their partners use the Internet to search for information following a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defect. Objective Our aim was to explore central subjects of content and to assess the accessibility, reliability, usability, and quality of written information on publicly available information websites about congenital heart defects following a prenatal diagnosis. Methods Following searches on Bing and Google, we included websites containing patient information in English. Hits ranged from 340,000-67,500,000 and the first 50 hits from each search were screened for inclusion (N=600). Of these hits, 39.3% (236/600) were irrelevant. A total of 67 websites were included, of which 37% (25/67) were affiliated with independent information websites, 25% (17/67) with charity/private organizations, 25% (17/67) with hospitals/clinics, and 13% (8/67) had other affiliations. The majority of the websites (76%, 51/67) could not be attributed to an author. A manifest content analysis was performed to explore central subjects of content. The DISCERN instrument was used to assess the quality of information, and the LIDA tool was used to assess accessibility, usability, and reliability of the included websites. Results The content on the majority of the websites included care and treatment of children with congenital heart defects (88%, 59/67), causes of congenital heart defects (88%, 59/67), symptoms of congenital heart defects (85%, 57/67), prevalence of congenital heart defects (81%, 54/67), potential complications of congenital heart defects (75%, 50/67), prenatal diagnostics/screening methods (72%, 48/67), and specific congenital heart defects (72%, 48/67), whereas less than 10% included information about termination of pregnancy (6%, 4/67), care during pregnancy (5%, 3/67), and information specifically directed to partners (1%, 1/67). The mean of the total DISCERN score was 27.9 (SD 9.7, range 16-53). According to the instrument, a majority of the websites were categorized as very poor regarding information about effects of no treatment (88%, 59/67), support for shared decision making (85%, 57/67), achievement of its aims (84%, 56/67), explicit aims (82%, 55/67), risks of each treatment (82%, 55/67), how treatment choices affect overall quality of life (76%, 51/67), and areas of uncertainty (76%, 51/67). The mean of the total LIDA score was 92.3 (SD 13.1, range 61-127). According to the tool, a majority of the websites were categorized as good with regard to registration (97%, 65/67) and browser test (75%, 50/67), whereas a majority were categorized as poor with regard to currency (87%, 58/67), content production (84%, 56/67), and engagability (75%, 50/67). Conclusions Difficulties in finding relevant information sources using Web search engines and quality deficits on websites are an incentive for health professionals to take an active part in providing adequate and reliable information online about congenital heart defects.
The Taxonomy of Blue Amorphous Galaxies. II. Structure and Evolution

Dwarf galaxies play an important role in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution, and starbursts are believed to affect the structure and evolution of dwarf galaxies strongly. We have therefore embarked on a systematic study of 12 of the nearest dwarf galaxies thought to be undergoing bursts of star formation. These were selected primarily by their morphological type (blue "amorphous" galaxies). We show that these blue amorphous galaxies are not physically distinguishable from dwarfs selected as starbursting by other methods, such as blue compact dwarfs (BCDs) and H II galaxies. All these classes exhibit surface brightness profiles that are exponential in the outer regions (r ≳ 1.5re) but often have a predominantly central blue excess, suggesting a young burst in an older, redder galaxy. Typically, the starbursting "cores" are young (~107-108 yr) events compared to the older (~109-1010 yr) underlying galaxy (the "envelope"). The ratio of the core to envelope in blue light ranges from essentially zero to about 2. These starbursts are therefore modest events involving only a few percent of the stellar mass. The envelopes have surface brightnesses that are much higher than typical dwarf irregular (dI) galaxies, so it is unlikely that there is a straightforward evolutionary relation between typical dIs and dwarf starburst galaxies. Instead we suggest that amorphous galaxies may repeatedly cycle through starburst and quiescent phases, corresponding to the galaxies with strong and weak/absent cores, respectively. Once amorphous galaxies use up the available gas (either through star formation or galactic winds) so that star formation is shut off, the faded remnants would strongly resemble dwarf elliptical galaxies. However, in the current cosmological epoch, this is evidently a slow process that is the aftermath of a series of many weak, recurring bursts. Present-day dE's must have experienced more rapid and intense evolution than this in the distant past.
Anti-stokes emission in whispering gallery mode microcavities with semiconductor quantum dots

In this work we demonstrate the possibility to achieve efficient anti-Stokes photoluminescence emission and Raman scattering from semiconductor quantum dots deposited on spherical microcavity using excitation below the absorption edge of quantum dots. The largest spectral shift in photoluminescence spectra to shortwave region with respect to the excitation energy was found to be 380 meV, with periodic structure in optical spectra arising from the coupling between the emission from quantum dots and spherical cavity modes.
Adaptive Information Processing: An Effective Way to Improve Perceptron Predictors

Perceptron branch predictors achieve high prediction accuracy by capturing correlation from very long histories. The required hardware, however, limits the history length to be explored practically. In this paper, an important observation is made that the perceptron weights can be used to estimate the strength of branch correlation. Based such an estimate, adaptive schemes are proposed to preprocess history information so that the input vector to a perceptron predictor contains only those history bits with the strongest correlation. In this way, a much larger history-information set can be explored effectively without increasing the size of perceptron predictors. For the distributed Championship Branch Prediction (CBP-1) traces, our proposed scheme achieves a 47% improvement over a g-share predictor of the same size 1 . For SPEC2000 benchmarks, our proposed scheme outperforms the g-share predictor by 35% on average.
Mobile Manipulating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ( MM-UAV ) : Towards Aerial Manipulators

This paper presents a control scheme to achieve dynamic stability in an aerial vehicle with dual multi-degree of freedom manipulators. Arm movements assist with stability and recovery for ground robots, in particular humanoids and dynamically balancing vehicles. However, there is little work in aerial robotics where the manipulators themselves facilitate flight stability or the load mass is repositioned in flight for added control. We present recent results in arm motions that achieve increased flight stability without and with different load masses attached to the end-effectors. Our test flight results indicate that we can accurately model and control our aerial vehicle when both moving the manipulators and interacting with target objects.
A ROLE OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES AND COMPLEMENT IN NEPHROTOXIC NEPHRITIS

In acute nephrotoxic nephritis, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (polymorphs) accumulated in large numbers in the glomeruli in the first 12 hours. The endothelial cells were dislodged by the polymorphs which then came to lie immediately adjacent to the glomerular basement membranes. Ultrastructural changes in neither polymorphs nor basement membranes were observed. Depletion of polymorphs in both rats and rabbits prevented the development of proteinuria. This occurred when doses of nephrotoxic globulin were employed that produced proteinurias of as much as 1800 mg/kg/24 hours in intact rabbits, or enough to yield near maximal immediate proteinuria in intact rats. In addition, measurable glomerular damage was frequently averted until the onset of the secondary stage of NTN. Controls indicated that the polymorph depleted animals exhibited minimal non-specific changes in the blood, that the ability of their vascular beds to react to stimuli was not affected, and that deposition of nephrotoxic antibody and C' in the glomeruli was not inhibited. Elimination of polymorphs from the circulation was only partially effective in preventing glomerular damage when large doses of nephrotoxic globulin were used. This indicated that under these circumstances, a polymorph independent glomerular injury may also take place in first stage nephrotoxic nephritis. An indirect role of C', i.e., the accumulation of polymorphs, in bringing about glomerular injury in first stage nephrotoxic nephritis was apparent. When rabbit nephrotoxic globulin was injected into rats depleted of C', or when duck nephrotoxic globulin that fixed C' poorly was injected into normal rats, C' failed to bind with the antibody along glomerular basement membranes and polymorphs did not accumulate.
Optimal rate control policies for proportional fairness in wireless networks

In this paper we consider a K transmitter and K receiver single-hop wireless network. We obtain a rate control policy that provides proportional fair rate allocation to the transmitters when the outcome of a transmission depends on the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the corresponding receiver. The policy selects at any time slot one action from a set of actions that are described through two different schemes; the probability of selecting each action is optimized to achieve proportional fairness. The two schemes we consider are to either activate only a single transmitter at any given time slot or to allow all transmitters to transmit simultaneously. Although we demonstrate our approach by considering rates given by the Shannon formula, as well as rates obtained through a combination of phase shift keying (PSK) modulation with symbol rate control, our results are more general and are valid under any rate function that relates the maximum achievable rate to its required SINR.
Why Heideggerian AI Failed and How Fixing it Would Require Making it More Heideggerian

When I was teaching at MIT in the 1960s, students from the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory would come to my Heidegger course and say in effect: ‘‘You philosophers have been reflecting in your armchairs for over 2000 years and you still don’t understand intelligence. We in the AI Lab have taken over and are succeeding where you philosophers have failed. ’’ But in 1963, when I was invited to evaluate the work of Alan Newell and Herbert Simon on physical symbol systems, I found to my surprise that, far from replacing philosophy, these pioneering researchers had learned a lot, directly and indirectly, from us philosophers: e.g., Hobbes’ claim that reasoning was calculating, Descartes’ mental representations, Leibniz’s idea of a ‘universal characteristic’ (a set of primitives in which all knowledge could be expressed), Kant’s claim that concepts were rules, Frege’s formalization of such rules, and Wittgenstein’s postulation of logical atoms in his Tractatus. In short, without realizing it, AI researchers were hard at work turning rationalist philosophy into a research program. But I began to suspect that the insights formulated in existentialist armchairs, especially Heidegger’s and Merleau-Ponty’s, were bad news for those working in AI laboratories—that, by combining representationalism, conceptualism, formalism,
Cardiometabolic risks associated with work-to-family conflict: findings from the Work Family Health Network

ABSTRACT Objective: Work and family stressors may be associated with elevated cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: To assess the effects of work-to-family conflict (WTFC) on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, we examined 1524 extended care employees over 18 months and estimated multilevel linear models that accounted for the nested nature of the data. Results: WTFC was positively associated with BMI [β = 0.53, CI = (0.08, 0.98), p = . 02 at baseline and β = 0.59, CI = (0.12, 1.04), p = . 01 across the 18-month study period] and negatively with HDL cholesterol [β = −0.32, CI = (−0.57, −0.08), p = . 01 across the 18-month study period]. The rate of change in BMI from baseline to 18 months increased with higher levels of WTFC as well (β = 0.08, CI = (0.03, 0.15), p = . 0007). However, WTFC was not associated with other variables reflecting cardiometabolic risk, such as including blood pressure, cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin and cigarette smoking status. Conclusion: Findings suggest that BMI, which is linked to potentially malleable health behaviors, is more closely related to inter-role conflict than biological markers reflecting longer-term physiologic processes. These effects are exacerbated over time and may be particularly detrimental to already overweight and obese individuals.
A subpopulation of cancer stem cells identifies radiographic characteristics in glioblastoma

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), defined by CD133 expression, harbor heterogeneous subpopulations of cells, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). This study aimed to investigate whether a subpopulation of CSCs could affect the radiographic characteristics of glioblastoma. Tissue samples from 10 patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma were selected according to the radiographic characteristics of their tumors. The patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating contrast enhancement, necrosis and infiltrative patterns: the enhancement/necrosis group (E/N, n=5) and the non-enhancement/infiltration group (NE/I, n=5). Flow cytometry was used to assess the CSCs while immunohistochemistry was used to study microvessel density and the proliferation index. The EPC (CD34+/CD133+) fraction in CSCs (CD133+) was larger in the NE/I group. However, there was little difference in the angiogenic activity assessed using microvessel density between the two groups. The proliferation index (assessed using the antibody Ki-67) was higher in the E/N group and was negatively correlated with the EPC fraction. The non-EPC (CD34−/CD133+) fraction is a major factor responsible for radiographic characteristics of contrast enhancement, thus establishing an association between a subpopulation fraction of CSCs and radiographic characteristics in glioblastoma. Therefore, the simple non-invasive assessment of studying contrast enhancement lesions in glioblastomas may be used to estimate CSC subpopulations.
BAW Flip-Chip Switched Filter Bank Delivers Dramatic Form Factor Reduction

Complex communications and radar systems often utilize an array of filters with switching ports at the input and output of the signal path. This arrangement is used for a variety of intents such as signal pre-processing, frequency hopping or anti-jamming. The architecture of a switched filter bank (SFB) is long established (Figure 1); however, for microwave frequencies from 1-8 GHz the size is often many tens of cubic centimeters, a fact that prevents or restricts the use of an SFB in sizeand weight-constrained applications such as those in defense and aerospace markets. A new approach to the design and manufacture of SFBs has been developed by TriQuint Semiconductor that breaks through long-standing size and weight barriers, opening-up new opportunities for making the benefits of this device more widely accessible. The enabling technology in creating a miniaturized SFB is the advanced bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter, which provides the smallest form factor for microwave filters currently available. BAW filters exploit the same advantage of converting high velocity electromagnetic (EM) waves to very slow acoustic waves as seen in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. This allows the required signal processing to occur on a much smaller dimensional scale, thereby creating filter functionality. BAW filters offer the advantage of wide frequency range serviceability and do not run up against the practical limit SAW devices face at about 2.5 GHz. This allows the delay function required in reactive components to be realized in a space several orders of magnitude smaller than in EM-based filters. Long used in defense applications and more recently seeing explosive growth in consumer handset applications, the most common BAW architecture is a ladder configuration where multiple resonators are connected in a series and shunt arrangement. Although still very small, a ladder can contain 5 to 11 resonator sections and consume 1-3 mm2 in resonator space alone. The more compact variants and the most advance BAW architectures, coupled resonator filters (CRFs) or stacked crystal filters (SCFs), can reduce the area required even further [1] (Figure 2). The resonator areas are inversely proportional to the center frequency, which creates a practical limit around 1 GHz. This invention allows the volume of a given SFB subsystem to be reduced by three to four orders of magnitude, resulting in a dramatic size and cost savings to the system. BAW technology is most effective producing these size reductions for frequencies between 1 GHz and 8 GHz. Developing a miniature SFB subsystem is This new switched filter bank combines BAW filter technology with GaAs pHEMT switches and flipchip integrated circuit assembly techniques
Monte Carlo Methods in PageRank Computation: When One Iteration is Sufficient

PageRank is one of the principle criteria according to which Google ranks Web pages. PageRank can be interpreted as a frequency of visiting a Web page by a random surfer, and thus it reflects the popularity of a Web page. Google computes the PageRank using the power iteration method, which requires about one week of intensive computations. In the present work we propose and analyze Monte Carlo-type methods for the PageRank computation. There are several advantages of the probabilistic Monte Carlo methods over the deterministic power iteration method: Monte Carlo methods already provide good estimation of the PageRank for relatively important pages after one iteration; Monte Carlo methods have natural parallel implementation; and finally, Monte Carlo methods allow one to perform continuous update of the PageRank as the structure of the Web changes.
Localization and stoichiometry of electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransport in retinal glial cells

An electrogenic Na+/HCO 3− cotransport system was identified and characterized in freshly dissociated salamander Müller (glial) cells. Under voltage‐clamp, these cells generated an outward current when external HCO3− concentration ([HCO3−]o) was raise. This current was Na+‐dependent, Cl−‐independent, and was blocked by the stilbenes 4,4′‐diisothiocyanato‐stilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonate (DIDS) and 4,4′‐dinitrostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonate (DNDS), and by harmaline, demonstrating that the current was generated by a Na+/HCO3− cotransport system. Substantially larger currents were evoked when [HCO3−]o was raised at the Müller cell endfoot as compared to other cell regions, indicating that cotransporter sites are localized preferentially to the endfoot. The reversal potential of the current, which varied as a function of HCO3− and Na+ transmembrane gradients, indicated that the cotransporter has a HCO3−:Na+ stoichiometry of 3:1.
utomated classification of glaucoma stages using higher order umulant features

Glaucoma is a group of disease often causing visual impairment without any prior symptoms. It is usually caused due to high intra ocular pressure (IOP) which can result in blindness by damaging the optic nerve. Hence, diagnosing the glaucoma in the early stage can prevent the vision loss. This paper proposes a novel automated glaucoma diagnosis system using higher order spectra (HOS) cumulants extracted from Radon transform (RT) applied on digital fundus images. In this work, the images are classified into three classes: normal, mild glaucoma and moderate/severe glaucoma. The 3rd order HOS cumulant features are subjected to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to reduce the number of features and then these laucoma adon transform igher order cumulant aïve Bayesian clinically significant linear discriminant (LD) features are fed to the support vector machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayesian (NB) classifiers for automated diagnosis. This work is validated using 272 fundus images with 100 normal, 72 mild glaucoma and 100 moderate/severe glaucoma images using ten-fold cross validation method. The proposed system can detect the early glaucoma stage with an average accuracy of 84.72%, and the three classes with an average accuracy of 92.65%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 92% using NB classifier. This automated system can be used during the mass screening of glaucoma.
Preliminary Examination Report : Bilingual Terminology Translation in Scientific Literature using Multilingual Structural Clues

In this report, we consider the problem of terminology translation in non-parallel scientific literature. We hypothesize that multilingual scientific literature has significant structure, both in the front matter and citations, that can be exploited for improved translation. After testing the well-known context vector method for translation from comparable corpora, we then propose an improvement which is able to exploit certain nearly-parallel segments of text present in the structure of multi-lingual scientific literature. Experimental results indicate that this method gives a substantial improvement in the ranking and accuracy of the system.
International Journal of Information Management

Convergenceofcommunicationtechnologiesandinnovativeproductfeaturesareexpandingthemarkets fortechnologicalproductsandservices.Priorliteratureontechnologyacceptanceandusehasfocusedon utilitarian belief factors as predictors of rational adoption decisions and subsequent user behavior. This presupposes that consumers’ intentions to use technology are based on functional or utilitarian needs. Using netnographic evidence on iPhone usage, this study suggests that innovative consumers adopt and use new technology for not just utilitarian but also for experiential outcomes. The study presents an interpretiveanalysisoftheconsumptionbehaviorofveryearlyiPhoneusers.AppleintroducediPhoneasa revolutionarymobilehandsetofferingintegratedfeaturesandconvergedservices—ahandheldcomputer-cum-phone with a touch-screen web browser, a music player, an organizer, a note-taker, and a camera. This revolutionary product opened up new possibilities to meld functional tasks, hedonism, and social signaling. The study suggests that even utilitarian users have hedonic and social factors present in their consumption patterns.