Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thrombin generation in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of thromboembolic complications. The pathogenesis of IBD is not really clear and a high thrombin activity might contribute to the pathogenesis. We measured thrombin generation by means of calibrated automated thrombography (CAT), a new tool better reflecting overall hemostasis, in children with Crohn's disease (CD) during active and inactive disease and compared it to conventional markers of activity. We wanted to see whether children with CD have a higher potential for thrombin generation and if there is a correlation between hypercoagulability and disease activity. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 22 patients with CD and from 61 healthy children. Thrombin generation was measured by means of CAT. The disease activity was estimated using the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI). In addition, F1+2, TAT, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), fibrinogen, prothrombin (FII), antithrombin (AT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), platelet count, &agr;2‐globulin, and orosomucoide were measured. Results: In all patients we found a significantly higher endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and higher peak values during active disease. In accordance with this we also found significantly higher mean ETP values during active disease compared with the control group. We observed a significantly positive correlation between PCDAI and thrombin generation parameters. Conclusions: Our study clearly shows that the active state of CD in children is associated with the potential for high thrombin generation, but this seems to be caused mainly by the inflammatory process and not by a preexisting propensity for high thrombin generation. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
The Effects Of Ethical Climate Types on Job Satisfaction: The Case of Tourism Industry

This research aims to analyse the relationship between ethical climate types and job satisfaction in tourism industry. To achive this objective, an empirical study was conducted on 165 hotel business employees in four-star and five-star hotels licensed by the Culture and Tourism Ministry in the city of Nevsehir, Turkey. Results show that caring positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction. According to correlation analysis, no significant relationships were found between other four dimensions of ethical climate such as law and code, rules, instrumental, and independence and job satisfaction. Regression analysis results showed that caring could explain differences in job satisfaction. Implications of the findings are discussed and avenues for future research are offered.
Role of Proteins of the Ena/VASP Family in Actin-based Motility of Listeria monocytogenes

Intracellular propulsion of Listeria monocytogenes is the best understood form of motility dependent on actin polymerization. We have used in vitro motility assays of Listeria in platelet and brain extracts to elucidate the function of the focal adhesion proteins of the Ena (Drosophila Enabled)/VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) family in actin-based motility. Immunodepletion of VASP from platelet extracts and of Evl (Ena/VASP-like protein) from brain extracts of Mena knockout (−/−) mice combined with add-back of recombinant (bacterial or eukaryotic) VASP and Evl show that VASP, Mena, and Evl play interchangeable roles and are required to transform actin polymerization into active movement and propulsive force. The EVH1 (Ena/VASP homology 1) domain of VASP is in slow association–dissociation equilibrium high-affinity binding to the zyxin-homologous, proline-rich region of ActA. VASP also interacts with F-actin via its COOH-terminal EVH2 domain. Hence VASP/ Ena/Evl link the bacterium to the actin tail, which is required for movement. The affinity of VASP for F-actin is controlled by phosphorylation of serine 157 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Phospho-VASP binds with high affinity (0.5 × 108 M−1); dephospho-VASP binds 40-fold less tightly. We propose a molecular ratchet model for insertional polymerization of actin, within which frequent attachment–detachment of VASP to F-actin allows its sliding along the growing filament.
Earnings Management and the Cost of Publicly Issued Debt

The purpose of this study is to empirically test whether earnings management (both accruals-based and real) has an impact on the cost of public debt (approximated by credit ratings and bond yields) issued on the European bond market. Using a cross-sectional approach, accruals-based and real earnings management are estimated. The estimates are then used as explanatory variables in both an ordered regression, using bond ratings as dependent variables, and an OLS regression with the yield spread as dependent variable. The theoretical framework consists of previous research on earnings management and its impact on credit ratings and bond yields, as well as main theories such as the agency theory, signaling, asymmetric information and moral hazard. The findings of this study suggest that the real earnings management practice of sales manipulation of issuing firms has a significant negative relation to the issue’s bond yield. Overall, earnings management does not appear to have any major influence on the credit rating decision of credit rating agencies nor the pricing of bonds. (Less)
FUNCTIONS OF FINITE A-TYPE IN SEVERAL

If A: R* -> R* is continuous and increasing then a meromorphic function fon Ck is said to be of finite A-type if there are positive constants s,A,B and R such that Tf(r,s)-¿AX(Br) for all r> R where T,(r,s) is the characteristic of/. It is shown that if A(Br)/A(r) is bounded for r sufficiently large and B>\, then every meromorphic function of finite A-type is the quotient of two entire functions of finite A-type. This theorem is the result of a careful and detailed analysis of the relation between the growth of a function and the growth of its divisors. The central fact developed in this connection is: A nonnegative divisor v on C with v(0) = 0 is the divisor of an entire function of finite A-type if and only if there are positive constants A, B and R such that NjX&r) S A\(Br), \\ I AHz)zá AX{Br)r-' + A\(Bs)s -p for all rgi> R, all unit vectors f in C, and all natural numbers p. Here k|£ represents the lifting of the divisor v to the plane via the map z>-^-z£ and JVV|¡ is the valence function of that divisor. Analogous facts for functions of zero A-type are also presented. Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed description of a comprehensive theory of functions of finite A-type in several complex variables (as announced in Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 75 (1969), 104-107) which extends the results of Rubel and Taylor in [5] for one variable and those of Stoll in [6] for functions of exponential type in several variables. One common motivation for all of these researches is the desire to extend a theorem proved by Lindelöf in 1905 (see [4]) which gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an entire function on the plane with a prescribed set of zeros and given order and type. Specifically, §1 contains a discussion of divisors on Ck and the concept of the restriction of a divisor to the complex line through the origin and a vector in Ck ending with Proposition 1.5 which describes the behavior of a general class of Received by the editors December 1, 1970. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 32A20; Secondary 42A16, 32F05.
Why Do Restaurant Firms Initiate Dividends?

ABSTRACT The U.S restaurant industry has experienced strong growth since 1970 (National Restaurant Association, n.d.). Publicly traded restaurant firms tend to initiate dividends soon after they go public, quite often even in the same year. This study tests hypotheses based upon four dividend initiation theories: signaling, life-cycle, agency costs and catering. The results reveal that only the signaling theory is significant. Since most restaurant firms initiate dividends at the growth stage, they tend to have little free cash flow, high investment opportunities, and low dividend premiums (which are less favorable to investors).
Challenges and Dilemmas in Open Innovation: Ambidexterity as Management Approach

What are the relevant management challenges for open innovation, and how do companies tackle these challenges? This study adds to the research of open innovation management by investigating different management dimen- sions and their inherent dilemmas. By applying the concept of organizational ambidexterity as an approach to pursue apparently conflicting objectives, we extend previous research in two key aspects: First, in contrast to most studies we do not focus on a single management dimension but consider a wider set of dimensions which we found evidence to be relevant for open innovation. Se- cond, unlike previous studies which consider ambidexterity for managing open innovation, we do not limit our discussion to ambidexterity as a whole but con- sider different modes of ambidexterity. Our findings support this approach: We find structural ambidexterity for the degree of innovation, organizational con- figuration, intellectual property management and motivation. We also find tem- poral and contextual ambidexterity in two additional dimensions.
Magnetoencephalographic alpha band connectivity reveals differential default mode network interactions during focused attention and open monitoring meditation

According to several conceptualizations of meditation, the interplay between brain systems associated to self-related processing, attention and executive control is crucial for meditative states and related traits. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate such interplay in a highly selected group of “virtuoso” meditators (Theravada Buddhist monks), with long-term training in the two main meditation styles: focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM) meditation. Specifically, we investigated the differences between FA meditation, OM meditation and resting state in the coupling between the posterior cingulate cortex, core node of the Default Mode Network (DMN) implicated in mind wandering and self-related processing, and the whole brain, with a recently developed phase coherence approach. Our findings showed a state dependent coupling of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to nodes of the DMN and of the executive control brain network in the alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz), related to different attentional and cognitive control processes in FA and OM meditation, consistently with the putative role of alpha band synchronization in the functional mechanisms for attention and consciousness. The coupling of PCC with left medial prefrontal cortex (lmPFC) and superior frontal gyrus characterized the contrast between the two meditation styles in a way that correlated with meditation expertise. These correlations may be related to a higher mindful observing ability and a reduced identification with ongoing mental activity in more expert meditators. Notably, different styles of meditation and different meditation expertise appeared to modulate the dynamic balance between fronto-parietal (FP) and DMN networks. Our results support the idea that the interplay between the DMN and the FP network in the alpha band is crucial for the transition from resting state to different meditative states.
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le The clinical pract ice guideline for the management of ARDS in Japan 著者

Background: The Japanese Society of Respiratory Care Medicine and the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine provide here a clinical practice guideline for the management of adult patients with ARDS in the ICU. Method: The guideline was developed applying the GRADE system for performing robust systematic reviews with plausible recommendations. The guideline consists of 13 clinical questions mainly regarding ventilator settings and drug therapies (the last question includes 11 medications that are not approved for clinical use in Japan). Results: The recommendations for adult patients with ARDS include: we suggest against early tracheostomy (GRADE 2C), we suggest using NPPV for early respiratory management (GRADE 2C), we recommend the use of low tidal volumes at 6-8 mL/kg (GRADE 1B), we suggest setting the plateau pressure at 30cmH20 or less (GRADE2B), we suggest using PEEP within the range of plateau pressures less than or equal to 30cmH2O, without compromising hemodynamics (Grade 2B), and using higher PEEP levels in patients with moderate to severe ARDS (Grade 2B), we suggest using protocolized methods for liberation from mechanical ventilation (Grade 2D), we suggest prone positioning especially in patients with moderate to severe respiratory dysfunction (GRADE 2C), we suggest against the use of high frequency oscillation (GRADE 2C), we suggest the use of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients requiring mechanical ventilation under certain circumstances (GRADE 2B), we suggest fluid restriction in the management of ARDS (GRADE 2A), we do not suggest the use of neutrophil elastase inhibitors (GRADE 2D), we suggest the administration of steroids, equivalent to methylprednisolone 1-2mg/kg/ day (GRADE 2A), and we do not recommend other medications for the treatment of adult patients with ARDS (GRADE1B; inhaled/intravenous β2 stimulants, prostaglandin E1, activated protein C, ketoconazole, and lisofylline, GRADE 1C; inhaled nitric oxide, GRADE 1D; surfactant, GRADE 2B; granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, N-acetylcysteine, GRADE 2C; Statin.) Conclusions: This article was translated from the Japanese version originally published as the ARDS clinical practice guidelines 2016 by the committee of ARDS clinical practice guideline (Tokyo, 2016, 293p, available from http:// www.jsicm.org/ARDSGL/ARDSGL2016.pdf). The original article, written for Japanese healthcare providers, provides points of view that are different from those in other countries.
Urban Insiders versus Rural Outsiders: Complementarity or Competition in China`s Urban Labour Market?

In China urban residents have traditionally been protected against labour market competition from rural-urban migrants. Over the period of urban economic reform, rural-urban migration was allowed to increase in order to fill the employment gap as growth of labour demand outstripped that of the resident labour force in urban areas. However, as reforms gained pace and controls were lifted, it is plausible that migrants and urban residents increasingly competed. The paper examines whether the relationship is one of complementarity in a still segmented labour market or of substitutability in an increasingly competitive labour market. It uses attitudinal responses from two urban surveys and a panel data set covering the 30 provinces over the period 1994-2000. We obtain very different results from cross-section, random effects and fixed effects panel estimates, raising interesting methodological issues. The findings are consistent with the presence of continued labour market segmentation but suggest also that competition between the two groups may be increasing.
Sub-syndromal and syndromal symptoms in the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder

Background There have been few detailed longitudinal symptom studies of bipolar disorder. Aims To describe the course of bipolar disorder over 18 months in 204 patients receiving mental healthcare. Method Patients were interviewed every 8 weeks, with weekly ratings of depression, mania and overall severity. Results Participants were symptomatic 53% of the time, with sub-syndromal symptoms present for twice as long as major disorder, and depressive symptoms three times more than manic symptoms. Individuals who were experiencing an episode at baseline spent 33% of the 18 months with substantial sub-syndromal symptoms, 17% with major disorder and 28% symptom free. Those not experiencing a baseline episode spent twice as long symptom free and half as long at disorder levels. Changes in symptom level were frequent. Predictors of sub-syndromal symptoms were similar to those of major disorder. Conclusions Sub-syndromal residual symptoms are an important problem in recurrent bipolar disorder and require therapeutic intervention.
Robust Vehicular Localization and Map-Matching in Urban Environments with IMU, GNSS, and Cellular Signals

—A framework for ground vehicle localization that uses cellular signals of opportunity (SOPs), a digital map, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver is developed. This framework aims to enable localization in urban environment where GNSS signals could be unusable or unreliable. The proposed framework employs an extended Kalman ﬁlter (EKF) to fuse pseudorange observables extracted from cellular SOPs, IMU measurements, and GNSS-derived position estimates (when available). The EKF is coupled with a closed-loop map-matching approach. The framework assumes the positions of the cellular towers to be known and it estimates the vehicle’s states (position, velocity, orientation, and IMU biases) along with the difference between the vehicle-mounted receiver clock error states (bias and drift) and each cellular SOP clock error states. Experimental results with cellular long-term evolution (LTE) SOPs are presented, evaluating the efﬁcacy and accuracy of the proposed framework in a deep urban area with a limited sky view. The experimental results demonstrate a position root-mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.8 m over a 1380 m trajectory during which GNSS signals are available and an RMSE of 3.12 m over the same trajectory during which GNSS signals were unavailable for 330 m. Moreover, compared to localization with a traditional GNSS-IMU integrated systems, it is demonstrated that the proposed framework reduces the position RMSE by 22% whenever GNSS signals are available and by 81% whenever GNSS signals are unavailable.
The Users' Avatars Nonverbal Interaction in Collaborative Virtual Environments for Learning

In a Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) for learning, an automatic analysis of collaborative interaction is helpful, either for a human or a virtual tutor, in a number of ways: to personalize or adapt the learning activity, to supervise the apprentices’ progress, to scaffold learners or to track the students’ involvement, among others. However, this monitoring task is a challenge that demands to understand and assess the interaction in a computational mode.
Intra-Group Propping: Evidence from the Stock-Price Effects of Earnings Announcements by Korean Business Groups

Using earnings announcement events made by firms belonging to Korean chaebols, we examine propping within a chaebol. Consistent with the market's ex ante valuation of intragroup propping, we find that the announcement of increased (decreased) earnings by a chaebol-affiliated firm has a positive (negative) effect on the market value of other nonannouncing affiliates. The sensitivity of the change in the market value of nonannouncing affiliates to abnormal returns for the announcing firms is higher if the cash flow right of the announcing firm's controlling shareholder is higher. The sensitivity is also higher if the announcing firm is larger, performs well, and has a higher debt guarantee ratio. The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. , Oxford University Press.
A review of drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology and green chemistry: green nanomedicine

This review discusses the impact of green and environmentally safe chemistry on the field of nanotechnology-driven drug delivery in a new field termed “green nanomedicine”. Studies have shown that among many examples of green nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems, those receiving the greatest amount of attention include nanometal particles, polymers, and biological materials. Furthermore, green nanodrug delivery systems based on environmentally safe chemical reactions or using natural biomaterials (such as plant extracts and microorganisms) are now producing innovative materials revolutionizing the field. In this review, the use of green chemistry design, synthesis, and application principles and eco-friendly synthesis techniques with low side effects are discussed. The review ends with a description of key future efforts that must ensue for this field to continue to grow.
Title A variant of Runx 2 that differs from the bone isoform in itssplicing is expressed in spermatogenic cells

Background. Members of the Runx gene family encode transcription factors that bind to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. Among the three Runx proteins, Runx2 comprises 607 amino acid (aa) residues, is expressed in bone, and plays crucial roles in osteoblast differentiation and bone development. We examined whether the Runx2 gene is also expressed in testes. Methods.Murine testes from 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 10-week-old male mice of the C57BL/6J strain andW /W v strain were used throughout the study. Northern Blot Analyses were performed using extracts form the murine testes. Sequencing of cDNA clones and 5rapid amplification of cDNA ends were performed to determine the full length of the transcripts, which revealed that the testicular Runx2 comprises 106 aa residues coding novel protein. Generating an antiserumusing the amino-terminal 15 aa of Runx2 (Met1 to Gly15) as an antigen, immunoblot analyses were performed to detect the predicted polypeptide of 106 aa residues with the initiating Met1. With the affinity-purified anti-Runx2 antibody, immunohistochemical analyses were performed to elucidate the localization of the protein. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses were performed to predict the function of the protein. Results. A Runx2 transcript was detected in testes and was specifically expressed in germ cells. Determination of the transcript structure indicated that the testicular Runx2 is a splice isoform. The predicted testicular Runx2 polypeptide is composed of only 106 aa residues, lacks a Runt domain, and appears to be a basic protein with a predominantly alpha-helical conformation. Immunoblot analyses with an anti-Runx2 antibody revealed that Met1 in the deduced open reading frame of Runx2 is used as the initiation codon to express an 11 kDa protein. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the Runx2 polypeptide was located in the nuclei, andwas detected in spermatocytes at the stages of late pachytene, diplotene and second meiotic cells as well as in round spermatids. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that the testicular Runx2 is a histone-like protein. Discussion. A variant of Runx2 that differs from the bone isoform in its splicing is expressed in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids in testes, and encodes a histone-like, nuclear protein of 106 aa residues. Considering its nuclear localization How to cite this article Kanto et al. (2016), A variant of Runx2 that differs from the bone isoform in its splicing is expressed in spermatogenic cells. PeerJ 4:e1862; DOI 10.7717/peerj.1862 and differentiation stage-dependent expression, Runx2 may function as a chromatinremodeling factor during spermatogenesis. We thus conclude that a single Runx2 gene can encode two different types of nuclear proteins, a previously defined transcription factor in bone and cartilage and a short testicular variant that lacks a Runt domain. Subjects Andrology, Urology