Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum microRNAs are non-invasive biomarkers for the presence and progression of subarachnoid haemorrhage

miRNAs are important regulators of translation and have been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of cardiovascular diseases including stroke and may be possible prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression levels of miRNAs in the sera of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients and to evaluate their relationships with the severity and clinical outcome of SAH. Serum samples on day 3 after the onset of SAH were subjected to microarray analysis with Exqion miRCURYTM LNA array and quantitative PCR analysis. Serum samples from SAH patients (n=60) and healthy controls (n=10) were subjected to quantitative PCR analysis. The severities and clinical outcomes of the SAH patients were evaluated with the WFNS grade and the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Three miRNAs, miR-502-5p, miR-1297 and miR-4320 were significantly up-regulated in the sera of SAH patients when compared with the healthy controls. The serum miR-502-5p and miR-1297 levels were significantly higher in the patients with severe SAH and a poor outcome than in those with mild SAH and a good outcome (P<0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) of miR-502-5p, miR-1297 and miR-4320 to distinguish the SAH patients from the healthy controls were 0.958 (P<0.001), 0.950 (P<0.001) and 0.843 (P<0.001) respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that miR-502-5p and miR-1297 are potentially valuable indicators of the diagnosis, severity and prognosis of SAH, and miR-4320 was a potentially valuable indicator of the diagnosis of SAH.
The Impact of Regional Arctic Sea Ice Loss on Atmospheric Circulation and the NAO

AbstractReduction of the Arctic sea ice cover can affect the atmospheric circulation and thus impact the climate beyond the Arctic. The atmospheric response may, however, vary with the geographical location of sea ice loss. The atmospheric sensitivity to the location of sea ice loss is studied using a general circulation model in a configuration that allows combination of a prescribed sea ice cover and an active mixed layer ocean. This hybrid setup makes it possible to simulate the isolated impact of sea ice loss and provides a more complete response compared to experiments with fixed sea surface temperatures. Three investigated sea ice scenarios with ice loss in different regions all exhibit substantial near-surface warming, which peaks over the area of ice loss. The maximum warming is found during winter, delayed compared to the maximum sea ice reduction. The wintertime response of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation shows a nonuniform sensitivity to the location of sea ice reduction. While all thre.
Sun Exposure across the Life Course Significantly Modulates Early Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Course

Background Low vitamin D and/or sun exposure have been associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) onset. However, comparatively, few studies have prospectively examined associations between these factors and clinical course. Objectives To evaluate the association of sun exposure parameters and vitamin D levels with conversion to MS and relapse risk in a prospectively monitored cohort of 145 participants followed after a first demyelinating event up to 5-year review (AusLong Study). Methods Sun exposure prior to and after onset measured by annual questionnaire; ultraviolet radiation (UVR) “load” estimated by location of residence over the life course and ambient UVR levels. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations measured at baseline, 2/3-year, and 5-year review. MS conversion and relapse assessed by neurologist assessment and medical record review. Results Over two-thirds (69%) of those followed to 5-year review (100/145) converted to MS, with a total of 252 relapses. Higher pre-MS onset sun exposure was associated with reduced risk of MS conversion, with internal consistency between measures and dose–response relationships. Analogous associations were also seen with risk of relapse, albeit less strong. No consistent associations were observed between postonset sun exposure and clinical course, however. Notably, those who increased their sun exposure during follow-up had significantly reduced hazards of MS conversion and relapse. Serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D supplementation were not associated with conversion to MS or relapse hazard. Conclusion We found that preonset sun exposure was protective against subsequent conversion to MS and relapses. While consistent associations between postonset sun exposure or serum 25(OH)D level and clinical course were not evident, possibly masked by behavior change, those participants who markedly increased their sun exposure demonstrated a reduced MS conversion and relapse hazard, suggesting beneficial effects of sun exposure on clinical course.
General atomic and molecular electronic structure system

A description of the ab initio quantum chemistry package GAMESS is presented. Chemical systems containing atoms through radon can be treated with wave functions ranging from the simplest closed‐shell case up to a general MCSCF case, permitting calculations at the necessary level of sophistication. Emphasis is given to novel features of the program. The parallelization strategy used in the RHF, ROHF, UHF, and GVB sections of the program is described, and detailed speecup results are given. Parallel calculations can be run on ordinary workstations as well as dedicated parallel machines. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extrapolation of pre-screening trends: Impact of assumptions on overdiagnosis estimates by mammographic screening

Background: Overdiagnosis by mammographic screening is defined as the excess in breast cancer incidence in the presence of screening compared to the incidence in the absence of screening. The latter is often estimated by extrapolating the pre-screening incidence trend. The aim of this theoretical study is to investigate the impact of assumptions in extrapolating the pre-screening incidence trend of invasive breast cancer on the estimated percentage of overdiagnosis. Methods: We extracted data on invasive breast cancer incidence and person-years by calendar year (1975–2009) and 5-year age groups (0–85 years) from Dutch databases. Different combinations of assumptions for extrapolating the pre-screening period were investigated, such as variations in the type of regression model, end of the pre-screening period, screened age range, post-screening age range and adjustment for a trend in women <45. This resulted in 69,120 estimates of the percentage of overdiagnosis, i.e. excess cancer incidence in the presence of screening as a proportion of the number of screen-detected and interval cancers. Results: Most overdiagnosis percentages are overestimated because of inadequate adjustment for lead time. The overdiagnosis estimates range between 7.1% and 65.1%, with a median of 33.6%. The choice of pre-screening period has the largest influence on the estimated percentage of overdiagnosis: themedian estimate is 17.1% for extrapolations using 1975–1986 as the pre-screening period and 44.7% for extrapolations using 1975–1988 as the pre-screening period. Conclusion: The results of this theoretical study most likely cover the true overdiagnosis estimate, which is unknown, andmay not necessarily represent themedian overdiagnosis estimate. This study shows that overdiagnosis estimates heavily depend on the assumptions made in extrapolating the incidence in the pre-screening period, especially on the choice of the pre-screening period. These limitations should be acknowledged when adopting this approach to estimate overdiagnosis. ã 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Ocular Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Lifitegrast in Pigmented Rabbits and Mass Balance in Beagle Dogs

Abstract Purpose: Lifitegrast is approved in the United States for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). We assessed lifitegrast's ocular distribution/pharmacokinetic profile in rabbits, and 14C-lifitegrast mass balance/excretion in dogs. Methods: Female pigmented rabbits received a single topical ocular dose of lifitegrast (Formulation No. 1, n = 25; No. 2, n = 25) per eye twice daily (target, 1.75 mg/eye/dose). Blood/ocular tissues were collected on day 5. Beagle dogs received single intravenous (n = 10; target, 3 mg, 262 μCi/animal) and ocular (n = 8, target, 3 mg, 30 μCi/eye) doses of 14C-lifitegrast (∼8 weeks between doses). Blood, excreta, and cage rinse/wipes were collected. Concentrations were measured by mass spectrometry/liquid scintillation counting. Pharmacokinetic analyses (noncompartmental) included maximum concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC0–8). Results: In rabbits, lifitegrast Cmax and AUC0–8 were similar between formulations. Cmax was highest in ocular anterior segment tissues: 5,190–14,200 ng/g [conjunctiva (palpebral/bulbar), cornea, anterior sclera]. Posterior segment tissues had lower concentrations (0–826 ng/g). AUC0–8 followed a similar trend. Plasma concentrations were low (Cmax <18 ng/mL). Tissue/plasma tmax was ∼0.25–1 h. In dogs, after intravenous/ocular doses, 14C-lifitegrast was eliminated primarily through feces. Excreted radioactivity was mainly unchanged lifitegrast. Conclusions: High exposure of lifitegrast in rabbit ocular anterior segment tissues and low exposure in posterior segment tissues/plasma suggests that lifitegrast reaches target tissues for DED treatment, with low potential for off-target systemic/ocular effects. Excretion of unchanged 14C-lifitegrast suggests minimal drug metabolism in vivo. This is consistent with lifitegrast clinical trial efficacy/safety data.
Enhanced acoustic transmission into dissipative solid materials through the use of inhomogeneous plane waves

A number of applications, for instance ultrasonic imaging and nondestructive testing, involve the transmission of acoustic energy across fluid-solid interfaces into dissipative solids. However, such transmission is generally hindered by the large impedance mismatch at the interface. In order to address this problem, inhomogeneous plane waves were investigated in this work for the purpose of improving the acoustic energy transmission. To this end, under the assumption of linear hysteretic damping, models for fluid-structure interaction were developed that allow for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous incident waves. For low-loss solids, the results reveal that, at the Rayleigh angle, a unique value of the wave inhomogeneity can be found which minimizes the reflection coefficient, and consequently maximizes the transmission. The results also reveal that with sufficient dissipation levels in the solid material, homogeneous incident waves yield lower reflection values than inhomogeneous waves, due to the large degrees of inhomogeneity inherent in the transmitted waves. Analytical conditions have also been derived which predict the dependence of the optimal incident wave type on the dissipation level and wave speeds in the solid medium. Finally, implications related to the use of acoustic beams of limited spatial extent are discussed.
Tear osmolarity is sensitive to exercise-induced fluid loss but is not associated with common hydration measures in a field setting

ABSTRACT This investigation (i) examined changes in tear osmolarity in response to fluid loss that occurs with exercise in a field setting, and (ii) compared tear osmolarity with common field and laboratory hydration measures. Sixty-three participants [age 27.8 ± 8.4 years, body mass 72.15 ± 10.61 kg] completed a self-paced 10 km run outside on a predetermined course. Body mass, tear fluid, venous blood and urine samples were collected immediately before and after exercise. Significant (p < 0.001) reductions in body mass (1.71 ± 0.44%) and increases in tear osmolarity (8 ± 15 mOsm.L−1), plasma osmolality (7 ± 8 mOsm.kg−1), and urine specific gravity (0.0014 ± 0.0042 g.mL−1; p = 0.008) were observed following exercise. Pre- to post-exercise change in tear osmolarity was not significantly correlated (all p > 0.05) with plasma osmolality (rs = 0.24), urine osmolality (rs = 0.14), urine specific gravity (rs = 0.13) or relative body mass loss (r = 0.20). Tear osmolarity is responsive to exercise-induced fluid loss but does not correlate with the changes observed using other common measures of hydration status in the field setting. Practitioners shouldn’t directly compare or replace other common hydration measures with tear osmolarity in the field. Abbreviations: BML: Body Mass Loss; CV: Coefficient of Variation; Posm: Plasma osmolality; SD: Standard Deviation; Tosm: Tear Osmolarity; Uosm: Urine Osmolality; USG: Urine Specific Gravity; WBGT: Wet bulb globe thermometer
Echinoids of the Kerguelen Plateau – occurrence data and environmental setting for past, present, and future species distribution modelling

Abstract The present dataset provides a case study for species distribution modelling (SDM) and for model testing in a poorly documented marine region. The dataset includes spatially-explicit data for echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) distribution. Echinoids were collected during oceanographic campaigns led around the Kerguelen Plateau (+63°/+81°E; -46°/-56°S) since 1872. In addition to the identification of collection specimens from historical cruises, original data from the recent campaigns POKER II (2010) and PROTEKER 2 to 4 (2013-2015) are also provided. In total, five families, ten genera, and 12 echinoid species are recorded in the region of the Kerguelen Plateau. The dataset is complemented with environmental descriptors available and relevant for echinoid ecology and SDM. The environmental data was compiled from different sources and was modified to suit the geographic extent of the Kerguelen Plateau, using scripts developed with the R language (R Core Team 2015). Spatial resolution was set at a common 0.1° pixel resolution. Mean seafloor and sea surface temperatures, salinity and their amplitudes, all derived from the World Ocean Database (Boyer et al. 2013) are made available for the six following decades: 1955–1964, 1965–1974, 1975–1984, 1985–1994, 1995–2004, 2005–2012. Future projections are provided for several parameters: they were modified from the Bio-ORACLE database (Tyberghein et al. 2012). They are based on three IPCC scenarii (B1, AIB, A2) for years 2100 and 2200 (IPCC, 4th report).
Alcohol consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

Evidence regarding the association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes risk remains inconsistent, particularly with regard to male-female differences. The authors conducted a prospective study of type 2 diabetes risk associated with alcohol consumption in a cohort of 12,261 middle-aged participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (1990-1998), who were followed between 3 and 6 years. Alcohol consumption at baseline was characterized into lifetime abstainers, former drinkers, and current drinkers of various levels. Incident diabetes was determined by blood glucose measurements and self-report. After adjustment for potential confounders, an increased risk of diabetes was found in men who drank >21 drinks/week when compared with men who drank < or =1 drink/week (odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 2.20) while no significant association was found in women. This increased diabetes risk among men who drank >21 drinks/week was predominantly related to spirits rather than to beer or wine consumption. The relative odds of incident diabetes in a comparison of men who drank >14 drinks of spirits per week with men who were current drinkers but reported no regular use of spirits, beer, or wine were 1.82 (95% confidence interval: 1.14, 2.92). Results of this study support the hypothesis that high alcohol intake increases diabetes risk among middle-aged men. However, more moderate levels of alcohol consumption do not increase risk of type 2 diabetes in either middle-aged men or women.
Newly diagnosed and relapsed mantle cell lymphoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

Department of Medicine III, University Hospital – LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Hematology, Imagine Institute and Descartes University, INSERM U1163 and CNRS ERL 8564, Necker Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Hematology, University Lund, Lund, Sweden; CHU de Nantes, Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; Institute of Hematology, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Lymphoid Malignancy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute and Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland; Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
The potential of wood fibers as reinforcement in cellular biopolymers

Wood fiber-reinforced polylactic acid composite foams have been successfully produced using supercritical carbon dioxide. The addition of fibers had a strong effect on microstructure of the foams. An increase in wood fiber content implied smaller average cell size and higher average cell wall thickness as estimated from image analysis of scanning electron microscopy micrographs. Addition of 10 wt% wood fibers seemed to be a limit to obtain foams, with the used processing conditions. The stiffness properties of the foams in compression improved upon addition of wood fibers. A significant increase of specific stiffness was achieved by adding 5–10 wt% wood fibers. It was shown that the stiffness was about 50% higher in the transverse direction for reinforced foams. The strength in the transverse direction increased for foams with unmodified wood fibers but decreased for foams with two types of treated wood fibers as compared with the strength of the pure polylactic acid foam of similar density. A butyl tetracarboxylic acid treatment followed by an additional surfactant treatment results in reduced wood fiber network-forming ability and reduced fiber–matrix adhesion. This contributes to the inferior observed strength properties in this study. The experimental stiffness was comparable with a superposed micromechanical model for a three-phase fiber-reinforced foam. The model shows that increasing the relative density, that is, the ratio of the density of the foam to the density of the composite material, by adding wood fibers results in a noteworthy increase in the transverse compression stiffness of the foams but only at relative density values above 0.2 for the used processing conditions in this study. The key factor for reinforcement is the relation between foam relative density and fiber volume fraction in the preform. The foaming conditions have to be adapted for each wood fiber content to obtain foams with the desired relative density.
Numerical study of Wavy Blade Section for Wind Turbines

The Wavy Blade concept is inspired by the unique flipper of a humpback whale, characterized by the tubercles located at the leading edge. It has been suggested that this shape may have been a result of a natural selection process, since this flipper under some circumstances can produce higher lift than a flipper having a smooth trailing edge and thus could be potentially beneficial when catching food. A thorough literature study of the Wavy Blade concept is made and followed by CFD computations of two wavy blade geometries and a comparison with their baseline S809 airfoil at conditions more relevant for modern wind turbines. The findings in the literature from geometries similar to the hump back whale flipper indicate that the aerodynamic performance can be improved at high angles of attack, but sometimes at the expense of a lower lift slope and increased drag before stall. The numerical results for a blade section based on the S809 airfoil are, however, not as promising as some of the findings reported in the literature for the whale flipper at high angles of attack. These first CFD computations using a thicker airfoil and a higher Reynolds number than the whale flipper indicate that the results may very well depend on the actual airfoil geometry and perhaps also the Reynolds number, and future studies are necessary in order to illuminate this further.
Reliability of Direct Behavior Ratings - Social Competence (DBR-SC) data: How many ratings are necessary?

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the reliability of Direct Behavior Ratings-Social Competence (DBR-SC) ratings. Participants included 60 students identified as possessing deficits in social competence, as well as their 23 classroom teachers. Teachers used DBR-SC to complete ratings of 5 student behaviors within the general education setting on a daily basis across approximately 5 months. During this time, each student was assigned to 1 of 2 intervention conditions, including the Social Competence Intervention-Adolescent (SCI-A) and a business-as-usual (BAU) intervention. Ratings were collected across 3 intervention phases, including pre-, mid-, and postintervention. Results suggested DBR-SC ratings were highly consistent across time within each student, with reliability coefficients predominantly falling in the . 80 and . 90 ranges. Findings further indicated such levels of reliability could be achieved with only a small number of ratings, with estimates varying between 2 and 10 data points. Group comparison analyses further suggested the reliability of DBR-SC ratings increased over time, such that student behavior became more consistent throughout the intervention period. Furthermore, analyses revealed that for 2 of the 5 DBR-SC behavior targets, the increase in reliability over time was moderated by intervention grouping, with students receiving SCI-A demonstrating greater increases in reliability relative to those in the BAU group. Limitations of the investigation as well as directions for future research are discussed herein. (PsycINFO Database Record
Resting‐state networks in 6‐to‐10 year old children

Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging provides a non‐invasive approach to the study of intrinsic functional brain networks. When applied to the study of brain development, most studies consist of relatively small samples that are not always representative of the general population. Descriptions of these networks in the general population offer important insight for clinical studies examining, for instance, psychopathology or neurological conditions. Thus our goal was to characterize resting‐state networks in a large sample of children using independent component analysis (ICA). The study further aimed to describe the robustness of these networks by examining which networks occur frequently after repeated ICA. Resting‐state networks were obtained from a sample of 536 6‐to‐10 year old children. Distributions of networks were built from repeated subsampling and group ICA analyses, and meta‐ICA was used to construct a representative set of components. Within‐ and between‐network properties were tested for age‐related developmental associations using spatio‐temporal regression. After repeated ICA, many networks were present over 95% of the time suggesting the components are highly reproducible. Some networks were less robust, and were observed less than 70% of the time. Age‐related associations were also observed in a selection of networks, including the default‐mode network, offering further evidence of development in these networks at an early age. ICA‐derived resting‐state networks appear to be robust, although some networks should further scrutinized if subjected to group‐level statistical analyses, such as spatiotemporal regression. The final set of ICA‐derived networks and an age‐appropriate T1‐weighted template are made available to the neuroimaging community, https://www.nitrc. org/projects/genr. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4286–4300, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.