Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essential Skills for Novice Structural Family Therapists: A Delphi Study of Experienced Practitioners’ Perspectives

The considerable number of essential skills identified in the literature creates a challenge for family therapist instructors and supervisors who must develop a coherent curriculum for clinical training and supervision. This study used a modified Delphi method to obtain a consensus from experienced structural family therapists concerning the most essential skills needed by novice structural family therapists. The therapists concluded that relational skills are of primary importance to establish a therapeutic relationship that would facilitate the structural interventions. A critical component of the relational factor was the ability of the novice therapist to provide a vision of hope to clients and establish expectancy for change. The study provides an added dimension to understanding the essential training needs of novice structural family therapists from the practitioner’s perspective and brings research in essential skills for novice therapists closer to actual clinical practice. Implications for further research and clinical training are discussed.
Global software engineering and agile practices: a systematic review

Agile practices have received attention from industry as an alternative to plan‐driven software development approaches. Agile encourages, for example, small self‐organized collocated teams, whereas global software engineering (GSE) implies distribution across cultural, temporal, and geographical boundaries. Hence, combining them is a challenge. A systematic review was conducted to capture the status of combining agility with GSE. The results were limited to peer‐reviewed conference papers or journal articles, published between 1999 and 2009. The synthesis was made through classifying the papers into different categories (e.g. publication year, contribution type, research method). At the end, 81 papers were judged as primary for further analysis. The distribution of papers over the years indicated that GSE and Agile in combination has received more attention in the last 5 years. However, the majority of the existing research is industrial experience reports in which Agile practices were modified with respect to the context and situational requirements. The emergent need in this research area is suggested to be developing a framework that considers various factors from different perspectives when incorporating Agile in GSE. Practitioners may use it as a decision‐making basis in early phases of software development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entanglement and correlation functions following a local quench: a conformal field theory approach

We show that the dynamics resulting from preparing a one-dimensional quantum system in the ground state of two decoupled parts, then joined together and left to evolve unitarily with a translational invariant Hamiltonian (a local quench), can be described by means of quantum field theory. In the case when the corresponding theory is conformal, we study the evolution of the entanglement entropy for different bipartitions of the line. We also consider the behavior of one- and two-point correlation functions. All our findings may be explained in terms of a picture, that we believe to be valid more generally, whereby quasiparticles emitted from the joining point at the initial time propagate semiclassically through the system.
Efficacy of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Is Coupled to Phosphodiesterase 2A in Cardiac Sympathetic Neurons

Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) regulates cGMP-phosphodiesterase activity. Its elevation is regarded as an early compensatory response to cardiac failure where it can facilitate sympathovagal balance and cardiorenal homeostasis. However, recent reports suggest a paradoxical proadrenergic action of BNP. Because phosphodiesterase activity is altered in cardiovascular disease, we tested the hypothesis that BNP might lose its efficacy by minimizing the action of cGMP on downstream pathways coupled to neurotransmission. BNP decreased norepinephrine release from atrial preparations in response to field stimulation and also significantly reduced the heart rate responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in vitro. Using electrophysiological recording and fluorescence imaging, BNP also reduced the depolarization evoked calcium current and intracellular calcium transient in isolated cardiac sympathetic neurons. Pharmacological manipulations suggested that the reduction in the calcium transient was regulated by a cGMP/protein kinase G pathway. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements for cAMP, and an immunoassay for cGMP, showed that BNP increased cGMP, but not cAMP. In addition, overexpression of phosphodiesterase 2A after adenoviral gene transfer markedly decreased BNP stimulation of cGMP and abrogated the BNP responses to the calcium current, intracellular calcium transient, and neurotransmitter release. These effects were reversed on inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2A. Moreover, phosphodiesterase 2A activity was significantly elevated in stellate neurons from the prohypertensive rat compared with the normotensive control. Our data suggest that abnormally high levels of phosphodiesterase 2A may provide a brake against the inhibitory action of BNP on sympathetic transmission.
Bill McKibben’s Influence on U.S. Climate Change Discourse: Shifting Field-Level Debates Through Radical Flank Effects

This article examines the influence of radical flank actors in shifting field-level debates by increasing the legitimacy of preexisting but peripheral issues. Using network text analysis, we apply this conceptual model to the climate change debate in the United States and the efforts of Bill McKibben and 350.org to pressure major universities to “divest” their fossil fuel assets. What we find is that, as these new actors and issue entered the debate, liberal policy ideas (such as a carbon tax), which had previously been marginalized in the U.S. debate, gained increased attention and legitimacy while the divestment effort itself gained limited traction. This result expands theory on indirect pathways to institutional change through a discursive radical flank mechanism, and suggests that the actual influence of Bill McKibben on the U.S. climate debate goes beyond the precise number of schools that divest to include a shift in the social and political discourse.
Social Class in the Organizational Sciences: A Conceptual Integration and Meta-Analytic Review

Social class has become increasingly popular in the organizational sciences. Despite the burgeoning interest in this topic, there remains a great deal of ambiguity concerning the conceptualization and operationalization of social class. For instance, scholars have used income, education, and subjective ratings to measures one’s social class. In order to improve the conceptual clarity of social class, we develop and present a model that draws on the dominant theories of social class from both sociology and psychology while organizing their key principles to explain how social class influences an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. By using this model as a framework, this study attempts to refine the conceptualization of social class by testing core research questions pertaining to the construct validity of this construct. After a comprehensive, interdisciplinary literature search, which yielded over 4,000 effect sizes, we conducted a meta-analysis to test the proposed model. The findings offer clear support for two distinct components of social class (i.e., objective and subjective) that are both highly related to one another and associated with other microlevel constructs (i.e., job attitudes). Given the timeliness and importance of social class, the findings of this conceptual review and empirical meta-analysis offer a means of summarizing this large, interdisciplinary literature while guiding future management research on this critical topic.
Studying the effects of dietary body weight-adjusted acute tryptophan depletion on punishment-related behavioral inhibition

Background Alterations in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission are thought to play a decisive role in affective disorders and impulse control. Objective This study aims to reproduce and extend previous findings on the effects of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) and subsequently diminished central 5-HT synthesis in a reinforced categorization task using a refined body weight–adjusted depletion protocol. Design Twenty-four young healthy adults (12 females, mean age [SD]=25.3 [2.1] years) were subjected to a double-blind within-subject crossover design. Each subject was administered both an ATD challenge and a balanced amino acid load (BAL) in two separate sessions in randomized order. Punishment-related behavioral inhibition was assessed using a forced choice go/no-go task that incorporated a variable payoff schedule. Results Administration of ATD resulted in significant reductions in TRP measured in peripheral blood samples, indicating reductions of TRP influx across the blood–brain barrier and related brain 5-HT synthesis. Overall accuracy and response time performance were improved after ATD administration. The ability to adjust behavioral responses to aversive outcome magnitudes and behavioral adjustments following error contingent punishment remained intact after decreased brain 5-HT synthesis. A previously observed dissociation effect of ATD on punishment-induced inhibition was not observed. Conclusions Our results suggest that neurodietary challenges with ATD Moja–De have no detrimental effects on task performance and punishment-related inhibition in healthy adults.
Neuronal Population Coding of Parametric Working Memory

Comparing two sequentially presented stimuli is a widely used experimental paradigm for studying working memory. The delay activity of many single neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of monkeys was found to be stimulus-specific, however, population dynamics of stimulus representation has not been elucidated. We analyzed the population state of a large number of PFC neurons during a somatosensory discrimination task. Using the tuning curves of the neurons, we derived a compact characterization of the population state. Stimulus representation by the population was found to degrade after stimulus termination, and emerge in a different form toward the end of the delay. Specifically, the tuning properties of neurons were found to change during the task. We suggest a mechanism whereby information about the stimulus is contained in activity-dependent synaptic facilitation of recurrent connections.
OF PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

The subject literature supports that patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) have a reduction in information processing speed and that this may contribute to deficits in attention, orientation and executive functioning including a deficit in mental flexibility, planning, self-monitoring, and problem solving. Therefore the aim of the present study was to remediate neuropsychological deficits of patients with TBI through neuro psycho logical rehabilitation. Based upon a purposive sampling technique 10 patients with TBI falling within the age range of 20-40 years and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen from the All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, India. These patients were assessed on the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for Adults. Based upon patient convenience, they were divided equally into an experimental and control group. Patients in the experimental group were given neuropsychological rehabilitation for 6 months. Brainwave-R and Talking Pen ware used as a rehabilitative tool. The results reveal that patients with TBI have significant neuropsychological deficits related to verbal, visual & working memory, visuo-spatial organization, arithmetic, spelling, writing, fine motor coordination and executive functioning. Also, neuropsychological rehabilitation was found effective in remediating these deficits but no significant improvement was found in motor writing skills and complex verbal arithmetic. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is effective in the rehabilitating of cognitive deficits in patients with TBI.
RELATIONS BETWEEN BIG FIVE PERSONALITIES, MOTIVATION TO FAKE, AND APPLICANT FAKING BEHAVIOR

The action of faking is often done by applicants in the process of recruitment and selection of new employees with the purpose to impress an employer. The aim of this study is to integrate the big five personalities, faking motivation, and faking behavior. That is, the personality dimensions of applicants based may be the source of faking motivation, in turn, faking behavior. The data were gathered by questionnaires done toward 200 applicants. Data analysis was conducted using a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in the AMOS 22. Results showed that in the five major categories of personalities, there was a dimension that was not significantly related to motivation to fake, i.e., neuroticism, while openness and extraversion positively influenced motivation to fake. The other dimensions, conscientiousness and agreeableness, showed negative effects on motivation to fake. Finally, motivation to fake showed a positive effect on applicants’ faking behavior.
Homotopy hyperbolic 3-manifolds are hyperbolic

This paper introduces a rigorous computer-assisted procedure for analyzing hyperbolic 3-manifolds. This procedure is used to complete the proof of several long-standing rigidity conjectures in 3-manifold theory as well as to provide a new lower bound for the volume of a closed orientable hyperbolic 3-manifold.
Towards Managed Structuration: Exploring Bridging Mechanisms for IS Enabled Change in Multi-site Implementation Projects

This paper aims to enhance our understanding of the bridging mechanisms underlying information system (IS) enabled change in multi-site implementation projects, and explore opportunities for intentionally shaping such change. To achieve this, we develop and empirically demonstrate the added value of a multi-site practice perspective. The perspective conceptualizes IS-enabled change as a product of interactions between processes in two related socio-technical systems: the project and local implementation sites. We introduce the term ‘bridging mechanisms’ to pin point three interaction types between the project and local site that contribute to IS-enabled change: practice alignment, shifting actors, and shared action. We analyse bridging mechanisms during the implementation process of a government funded project implementing IS in order to enhance older adults’ social networks and enable them to live at home independently at three local sites. Drawing on insights derived from this empirical analysis as well as previous literature, we discuss how the multi-site practice perspective brings together known change interventions in a holistic perspective on multi-site implementation. Moreover, we propose three practical applications of bridging mechanisms, i.e., bridging tactics, that allow for managed structuration during multi-site IS implementation.
Seeing Scenes: Topographic Visual Hallucinations Evoked by Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Parahippocampal Place Area

In recent years, functional neuroimaging has disclosed a network of cortical areas in the basal temporal lobe that selectively respond to visual scenes, including the parahippocampal place area (PPA). Beyond the observation that lesions involving the PPA cause topographic disorientation, there is little causal evidence linking neural activity in that area to the perception of places. Here, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings to delineate place-selective cortex in a patient implanted with stereo-EEG electrodes for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. Bipolar direct electrical stimulation of a cortical area in the collateral sulcus and medial fusiform gyrus, which was place-selective according to both fMRI and iEEG, induced a topographic visual hallucination: the patient described seeing indoor and outdoor scenes that included views of the neighborhood he lives in. By contrast, stimulating the more lateral aspect of the basal temporal lobe caused distortion of the patient's perception of faces, as recently reported (Parvizi et al., 2012). Our results support the causal role of the PPA in the perception of visual scenes, demonstrate that electrical stimulation of higher order visual areas can induce complex hallucinations, and also reaffirm direct electrical brain stimulation as a tool to assess the function of the human cerebral cortex.
Negotiating the next step: The part that experience plays with middle leaders’ development as they move into their new role

Leading is not the same as teaching, and middle leaders in schools require different capabilities to those of classroom teachers. This article explores the ways in which these capabilities are acquired by middle leaders in the independent sector during the early stages of their appointment as they progress through a transitional period. It draws on two previous strands of research – the part that experience plays in informing the emergent leader’s development and the acquisition of capabilities over time – from which a theoretical perspective is used in analysing data derived from a series of interviews with 20 middle leaders as part of a case study in an independent school in the North West of England. The findings from the study are combined with these two strands to demonstrate the central role that experience plays in the leader’s capability set and how, during the early period of appointment to a leadership position, the reflection on experience can significantly ease the transitional period. It is recommended that aspiring middle leaders should actively seek out experience, and that senior leaders should proactively make experiential opportunities available. It is also recommended that such action can be applied to other step changes in the teacher leader’s career.
Altered Activation of Innate Immunity Associates with White Matter Volume and Diffusion in First-Episode Psychosis

First-episode psychosis (FEP) is associated with inflammatory and brain structural changes, but few studies have investigated whether systemic inflammation associates with brain structural changes in FEP. Thirty-seven FEP patients (median 27 days on antipsychotic medication), and 19 matched controls were recruited. Serum levels of 38 chemokines and cytokines, and cardiovascular risk markers were measured at baseline and 2 months later. We collected T1- and diffusion-weighted MRIs with a 3 T scanner from the patients at baseline. We analyzed the association of psychosis-related inflammatory markers with gray and white matter (WM) volume using voxel-based morphometry and WM diffusion using tract-based spatial statistics with whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. FEP patients had higher CCL22 and lower TGFα, CXCL1, CCL7, IFN-α2 and ApoA-I than controls. CCL22 decreased significantly between baseline and 2 months in patients but was still higher than in controls. The association between inflammatory markers and FEP remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and BMI. We did not observe a correlation of inflammatory markers with any symptoms or duration of antipsychotic treatment. Baseline CCL22 levels correlated negatively with WM volume and positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity bilaterally in the frontal lobes in ROI analyses. Decreased serum level of ApoA-I was associated with smaller volume of the medial temporal WM. In whole-brain analyses, CCL22 correlated positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity, and CXCL1 associated negatively with fractional anisotropy and positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in several brain regions. This is the first report to demonstrate an association between circulating chemokine levels and WM in FEP patients. Interestingly, CCL22 has been previously implicated in autoimmune diseases associated with WM pathology. The results suggest that an altered activation of innate immunity may contribute to WM damage in psychotic disorders.
Mass Transport Properties of the Rabbit Aortic Wall

Uptake of circulating macromolecules by the arterial wall may be a critical step in atherogenesis. Here we investigate the age-related changes in patterns of uptake that occur in the rabbit. In immature aortas, uptake was elevated in a triangle downstream of branch ostia, a region prone to disease in immature rabbits and children. By 16-22 months, uptake was high lateral to ostia, as is lesion prevalence in mature rabbits and young adults. In older rabbits there was a more upstream pattern, similar to the disease distribution in older people. These variations were predominantly caused by the branches themselves, rather than reflecting larger patterns within which the branches happened to be situated (as may occur with patterns of haemodynamic wall shear stress). The narrow streaks of high uptake reported in some previous studies were shown to be post mortem artefacts. Finally, heparin (which interferes with the NO pathway) had no effect on the difference in uptake between regions upstream and downstream of branches in immature rabbits but reversed the difference in older rabbits, as does inhibiting NO synthesis directly. Nevertheless, examination of uptake all around the branch showed that changes occurred at both ages and that they were quite subtle, potentially explaining why inhibiting NO has only minor effects on lesion patterns in mature rabbits and contradicting the earlier conclusion that mechanotransduction pathways change with age. We suggest that recently-established changes in the patterns of haemodynamic forces themselves are more likely to account for the age-dependence of uptake patterns.
High matter density peaks from UVES observations of QSO pairs: Correlation properties and chemical abundances

We study the transverse clustering properties of high matter density peaks as traced by high column density ab- sorption systems (either Lyman limit systems characterized by N(Hi) 2 10 17 cm 2 or Civ systems with Wr > 0: 5A ) at redshifts between 2 and 3 with UVES spectra of two QSO pairs (UM680/UM681 at 56 arcsec angular separation and Q2344+1228/Q2343+1232 at 5 arcmin angular separation) and a QSO triplet (Q2139-4433/Q2139-4434/Q2138-4427 at 1, 7 and 8 arcmin angular separation). We find 3 damped Lyman- systems (N(Hi) 2 10 20 cm 2 ): 2 coinciding with strong metal systems in the nearby line of sight and 1 matching the emission redshift of the paired QSO; plus 7 Lyman limit systems: 4 forming two matching couples and 3 without a corresponding metal system within3000 km s 1 in the coupled line of sight. In summary, we detect five out of ten matching systems within 1000 km s 1 , indicating a highly significant overdensity of strong absorption systems over separation lengths from 1t o 8h 1 Mpc. The observed coincidences could arise in gas due to starburst-driven superwinds associated with a quasar or a galaxy, or gas belonging to large scale structures like filaments or sheets. We also determine chemical abundance ratios for three damped Lyman- systems. In particular, for the damped system at z 2:53788 in the spectrum of Q2344+1228, new estimates of the ratios O/Fe, C/Fe are obtained: 0:02< (C=Fe)< 0:06, 0:06< (O=Fe)< 0:2. They indicate that O and C are not over-solar in this system.