Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A tutorial on C/GMRES and automatic code generation for nonlinear model predictive control

This paper provides a tutorial on the continuation/ GMRES method (C/GMRES), which is a real-time optimization algorithm tailored for nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) and a Maple version of AutoGenU, which is an automatic code generation system utilizing a symbolic computation language to simulate NMPC with C/GMRES. Once such settings of NMPC as the state equation and performance index are specified in a Maple worksheet, a problem-dependent C source file is automatically generated by symbolic computation, compiled, and executed. The worksheet also loads data files of simulation results and plots their time histories. This paper describes the usage and settings of AutoGenU for Maple.
Variations in Sex-Race-Age-Specific Incidence Rates of Offending

Incidence rates--rates of offending in personal crimes (rape, robbery, assault, and personal larceny)--are studied using data from the National Crime Survey (NCS) for 1973-1977, conducted by the U. S. Bureau of the Census. The NCS data reveal that victims' reports of offenders' sex, race, and age are strongly related to incidence rates of offending. The highest incidence rate in personal crimes is for male, black, 18 to 20 year olds. Arrest data at the national level for robbery yield comparable results. Household crimes--burglary, household larceny, and vehicle theft--in which the victims saw and were able to report offenders' sex, race, and age constituted about 5% of all household crimes. The patterns in incidence rates of offending in these household crimes closely parallel those for personal crimes. (abstract Adapted from Source: American Sociological Review, 1981. Copyright © 1981 by the American Sociological Association) 1970s Racial Factors Age Factors Adult Offender Adult Violence Adult Crime Juvenile Crime Juvenile Offender Juvenile Violence Crime Rates Violence Rates Arrest Rates Rape Offender Rape Rates Sexual Assault Offender Sexual Assault Rates Physical Assault Offender Physical Assault Rates Robbery Offender Robbery Rates Burglary Offender Burglary Rates Violence Against Women 07-02
A cross-national analysis of parental involvement and student literacy

Using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), we examine the association between parental involvement and student literacy in 21 countries. We consider how the nature of the association between parental involvement and student literacy varies in direction and magnitude across national borders and across multiple dimensions of parental involvement and measures of literacy. Across the 21 countries, we observe that, in general, increased social and cultural communication with parents is associated with higher levels of student literacy, although the association is most consistent in the area of reading literacy. Specifically, for students residing in eight countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway and the United Kingdom), there are consistent reading literacy benefits when their parents engage in various forms of social and cultural communication. Consistently across all 21 countries, students have significantly lower literacy scores the more frequently parents assist with homework. This finding provides robust cross-national support for the reactive hypothesis.
Connections between attitudes, group norms, and behaviour in bullying situations

We examined the connections between attitudes, group norms, and students’ behaviour in bullying situations (bullying others, assisting the bully, reinforcing the bully, defending the victim, or staying outside bullying situations). The participants were 1220 elementary school children (600 girls and 620 boys) from 48 school classes from Grades four, five, and six, i.e., 9–10, 10–11, and 11–12 years of age. Whereas attitudes did predict behaviour at the student level in most cases (although the effects were moderate after controlling for gender), the group norms could be used in explaining variance at the classroom level, especially in the upper grades. The class context (even if not classroom norms specifically) had more effect on girls’ than on boys’ bullying-related behaviours.
Career Choices of Recent Doctorates in Special Education: Their Implications for Addressing Faculty Shortages

The insufficient supply of special education doctorate recipients to meet the demand for higher education faculty has been a chronic problem. One reason for the continued shortfall has been the low proportion of new graduates who pursue academic careers. In order to explore the factors underlying the career choices of recently trained leadership personnel, a survey of individuals who earned their doctorates between 1994 and 1998 was conducted in fall 1999. The results revealed that there has been no sign of growth in the proportion that moved into faculty positions. In sharp contrast to the estimated 85% of individuals who earned their degrees in the 1960s and took faculty appointments, approximately 36% of 1994–98 doctorate recipients were employed full-time in tenure-line positions. Although several reasons contribute to this situation, the most influential involved the age at beginning doctoral study, the career aspirations of beginning doctoral students, the extent to which they received institutional support to finance their training, and their ability to relocate after graduation. These factors point to the need for doctoral programs to vigorously recruit new doctoral students at a younger age, provide them with adequate financial support during their training, and streamline the educational process so as to reduce the time between receipt of the baccalaureate and awarding of the doctorate.
White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism

White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism. By Kevin M. Kruse. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 352p. $35.00 cloth, $18.95 paper. The South is a region of many myths, and Kevin Kruse takes on one of the most durable of them: Atlanta as the “city too busy to hate. ” Kruse finds that Atlanta, like many other southern and northern cities in the postwar era, was a city in which “race and residence stood at the forefront of [Atlanta's] racial politics” (p. 42). He traces the ultimately unsuccessful efforts of Mayor William Hartsfield's biracial, elite-controlled regime to manage the struggle between whites and blacks over urban space. White flight, the decades-long movement of whites to the Atlanta suburbs, was not only the result of this struggle over space; it was also the source of a new form of southern white conservatism based on whites' resentful exit from the urban South. For political scientists, this book is a reminder of the “long civil rights movement,” that began in the 1940s, before the Brown decision, and extended throughout the 1970s. At the local level, the Civil Rights movement was a struggle over politics that earlier political scientists would be quick to understand and appreciate: a struggle over who gets what, when, where, and how. By taking an in-depth yet rigorous look at southern politics that goes beyond the limitations of National Election Study data or roll-call votes, the book provides valuable historical context to recent works on the transformation of southern politics.
Interleukin‐17 and systemic lupus erythematosus: current concepts

The emerging role of interleukin (IL)‐17 as a hallmark proinflammatory cytokine of the adaptive immune system, produced primarily by a new T helper cell subset termed ‘Th17’, has received considerable attention. Differentiation of Th17 cells is driven by the simultaneous presence of transforming growth factor‐β and certain inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL‐6, IL‐21), and recent studies have shown that inflammation instigated by IL‐17‐producing cells is central to the development and pathogenesis of several human autoimmune diseases and animal models of autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on the information regarding IL‐17 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease. The work that has explored the development and behaviour of IL‐17‐producing cells in SLE is discussed, and different mechanisms by which IL‐17 could potentially augment inflammation and autoantibody production in the context of SLE are proposed.
Factors Related to Sight-Reading Accuracy

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the extent of the overall relationship between previously tested variables and sight-reading. An exhaustive survey of the available research literature was conducted resulting in 92 research studies that reported correlations between sight-reading and another variable. Variables (n = 597) were grouped by construct (e.g., music aptitude, technical ability) and separate meta-analyses were conducted for each construct. Construct had a variable effect on sight-reading, with improvisational skills, ear-training ability, technical ability, and music knowledge correlating most closely with sight-reading, while attitude and personality were unrelated to sight-reading. Additionally, the study examined differences in effect size by type of publication (published study, unpublished thesis), the experience level of the sight-reader (elementary, secondary, college nonmusician, college musician), sight-reading mode (instrumental sight-reading, sight-singing), and type of sight-reading test. The few differences suggest future investigation of a developmental component to sight-reading is warranted. In general, music constructs that improve with practice correlated more strongly with sight-reading than did stable characteristics. These results support sight-reading being considered a music skill that improves with the musicality of the performer rather than a simple visuo-motor decoding process.
A new measure of health-related quality of life for children: Preliminary findings

Abstract Preliminary findings arising from the development of a new instrument for the assessment of quality of life in nine to fifteen year old children are presented. The questionnaire can be completed in 10–15 minutes by children themselves and by parents. It covers the main 15 domains of children's lives, for each of which a rating of function, upset and satisfaction are obtained. Data are presented for three groups of children (normal comparison N = 25, psychiatric disorder N = 25, and chronic physical disorder N = 26), and for three groups of parents of children with psychiatric disorder (N = 25, chronic physical disorder N = 24, and mental retardation N = 26). Evidence is presented to demonstrate the instrument has reasonable reliability and validity, and discriminates between types of disorder and between disorder and normality.
Studies of neutralising antibodies to SV40 in human sera

It has been suggested that the low levels of antibody to the simian polyoma virus SV40 found in human sera may be linked to the use of polio vaccines. Panels of sera from areas of the world with different vaccination histories were examined to see if consistent differences could be identified. In a total of 2,054 sera from the United Kingdom, 692 from Africa and 923 from Poland taken between 1985 and 1997, the seroprevalence was generally between 3 and 5%, although exceptionally one collection from Morocco had a prevalence of 100%, and one from Poland of 0.4%. The seroprevalence showed no obvious age‐dependent increase and titres were low compared to post infection animal sera. The results are consistent with previous studies and reveal no general geographically based differences related to possible differences in vaccination history, but the origin of the SV40 antibody in human sera remains to be established. J. Med. Virol. 70:490–495, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective ECG reference ranges for Northern Thai people

Background The numerical values and ranges of the ECG are used as criteria for classifying types of arrhythmia. However, one criterion cannot be generically applied for all patient groups. Several studies have shown that age, gender, and race are the major key factors which produce variations in ECG values. Methods From May 2013 to February 2014, we collected 12 993 normal ECG data from 9853 Northern Thai patients at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, to analyse their ECG reference ranges. Results The results showed that the average heart rate decreased, while the PR interval and QTcB increased with increasing age in both genders. The normal range of heart rate was lower than the standard interval. QRS duration was stable in all age groups but longer in males than females. QRS axis deviated to the left with increasing age. SV1+RV5 amplitude slightly changed in both genders, but the upper limit crossed over the criteria of ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions We observed that the general trend of data was mainly similar to that found in other studies in Chinese, American, and African populations. However, some minor differences should be considered specifically for the Northern Thai population. Flexible criteria on conditions depending on age and gender should be adjusted for Northern Thai patients according to the results of this research.
Fluid–structure interaction in compliant insect wings

Insect wings deform significantly during flight. As a result, wings act as aeroelastic structures wherein both the driving motion of the structure and the aerodynamic loading of the surrounding fluid potentially interact to modify wing shape. We explore two key issues associated with the design of compliant wings: over a range of driving frequencies and phases of pitch-heave actuation, how does wing stiffness influence (1) the lift and thrust generated and (2) the relative importance of fluid loading on the shape of the wing? In order to examine a wide range of parameters relevant to insect flight, we develop a computationally efficient, two-dimensional model that couples point vortex methods for fluid force computations with structural finite element methods to model the fluid–structure interaction of a wing in air. We vary the actuation frequency, phase of actuation, and flexural stiffness over a range that encompasses values measured for a number of insect taxa (10–90 Hz; 0-π rad; 10−7–10−5 N m2). We show that the coefficients of lift and thrust are maximized at the first and second structural resonant frequencies of the system. We also show that even in regions of structural resonance, fluid loading never contributes more than 20% to the development of flight forces.
Giftedness and ADHD: Identification, Misdiagnosis, and Dual Diagnosis

Many gifted characteristics overlap the symptoms of attention deficity–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The potential for the misdiagnosis of giftedness as ADHD exists, but so does the potential for a dual diagnosis of giftedness and ADHD. A decade after the misdiagnosis of giftedness as ADHD was first investigated we examine lessons learned regarding misdiagnosis, dual diagnosis, and the identification of giftedness and ADHD. The current study reviewed empirical studies of the misdiagnosis, identification, and dual diagnosis of giftedness and ADHD published in peer-reviewed domestic and international academic journals between 2000 and 2014. We explored the literature for diagnostic trends and challenges, theories of misdiagnosis, and empirical findings on dual diagnosis. We discuss differences between misdiagnosis and dual diagnosis and conclude with a description of limitations found within reviewed studies and suggestions for future research.
Homography-Based Control Scheme for Mobile Robots With Nonholonomic and Field-of-View Constraints

In this paper, we present a visual servo controller that effects optimal paths for a nonholonomic differential drive robot with field-of-view constraints imposed by the vision system. The control scheme relies on the computation of homographies between current and goal images, but unlike previous homography-based methods, it does not use the homography to compute estimates of pose parameters. Instead, the control laws are directly expressed in terms of individual entries in the homography matrix. In particular, we develop individual control laws for the three path classes that define the language of optimal paths: rotations, straight-line segments, and logarithmic spirals. These control laws, as well as the switching conditions that define how to sequence path segments, are defined in terms of the entries of homography matrices. The selection of the corresponding control law requires the homography decomposition before starting the navigation. We provide a controllability and stability analysis for our system and give experimental results.
On the Architecture of the Gram-Negative Bacterial Murein Sacculus

ABSTRACT The peptidoglycan network of the murein sacculus must be porous so that nutrients, waste products, and secreted proteins can pass through. Using Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a baseline for gram-negative sacculi, the hole size distribution in the peptidoglycan network has been modeled by computer simulation to deduce the network's properties. By requiring that the distribution of glycan chain lengths predicted by the model be in accord with the distribution observed, we conclude that the holes are slits running essentially perpendicular to the local axis of the glycan chains (i.e., the slits run along the long axis of the cell). This result is in accord with previous permeability measurements of Beveridge and Jack and Demchik and Koch. We outline possible advantages that might accrue to the bacterium via this architecture and suggest ways in which such defect structures might be detected. Certainly, large molecules do penetrate the peptidoglycan layer of gram-negative bacteria, and the small slits that we suggest might be made larger by the bacterium.
Updated Perspectives on Occipital Nerve Stimulator Lead Migration: Case Report and Literature Review

Objectives:Patients with occipital neuralgia are often refractory to or intolerant of standard pharmacological and interventional management strategies. Although occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) may provide a unique alternative for such cases, a steep technical learning curve still exists. Lead migration (LM) is among the most challenging issues facing implanters performing ONS implantation. We present an unusual case of LM after ONS implantation and discuss technical aspects for successful revision. Methods:A retrospective review of medical records and fluoroscopic images was conducted to provide a case report of ONS LM and revision. A PubMed online search for the keywords occipital, stimulation, migration, and revision was also performed for literature review. Case Report:A 35-year-old man with refractory occipital neuralgia had loss of greater occipital nerve paresthesia coverage and worsened occipital headaches 11 months after ONS implantation using a midline approach. Fluoroscopic imaging confirmed lateral LM. Although most LMs occur in the lateral-to-medial trajectory, this case was unique in that LM occurred from a medial-to-lateral trajectory despite using current standard safeguards. Discussion:In an era in which reducing health care expenditures is becoming increasingly important, current complication rates could curtail future acceptance and utilization of ONS. This fact and our case report underscore the importance of a continued drive toward technical advances and a reduction in complications associated with this important treatment modality. Further prospective investigation into the mechanism of action, mechanism of complications, optimization of surgical techniques, and long-term efficacy is warranted.
Negotiated Orders and Organizational Cultures

Negotiated order and organizational culture represent two of the major recent approaches to the study of organizational life. Both of them focus on the actor's perspective on life in an organization, and they are complementary, even though they have rarely been brought together. They emphasize worker satis­ faction and commitment and the noneconomic, nonrational working of orga­ nizations. Proponents of both perspectives also stress that members (and organizations) must take into account the constraints of their social and physi­ cal environments. In examining the connections between these two approaches, this chapter discusses how they treat socialization, power, con­ flict, and interorganizational relations and how they are applied to organiza­
A role for dual viral hits in causation of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease associated with persistent infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by measles virus (MV), biased hypermutations of the viral genome affecting primarily the matrix (M) gene with the conversion of U to C and A to G bases, high titers of antibodies to MV, and infiltration of B cells and T cells into the CNS. Neither the precipitating event nor biology underlying the MV infection is understood, nor is their any satisfactory treatment. We report the creation of a transgenic mouse model that mimics the cardinal features of SSPE. This was achieved by initially infecting mice expressing the MV receptor with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Cl 13, a virus that transiently suppressed their immune system. Infection by MV 10 days later resulted in persistent MV infection of neurons. Analysis of brains from infected mice showed the biased U to C hypermutations in the MV M gene and T and B lymphocyte infiltration. These sera contained high titers of antibodies to MV. Thus, a small animal model is now available to both molecularly probe the pathogenesis of SSPE and to test a variety of therapies to treat the disease.
Achilles Tendon Lengthening: Friend or Foe in the Diabetic Foot?

Background: Literature in the past decade has shown that Achilles tendon–lengthening surgery in addition to total contact casting decreases the rate of plantar ulcer recurrence in the forefoot and midfoot; however, the risk of heel ulceration or recurrent equinus deformity with new forefoot or midfoot wounds is not insignificant. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of recurrent ulceration between the patient groups who have undergone soft-tissue repair of diabetic forefoot or midfoot wounds either with or without concomitant Achilles tendon–lengthening surgery. Methods: All diabetic patients with plantar forefoot or midfoot ulceration who underwent soft-tissue reconstruction during two different time periods—from 1983 to 1991 or from 1996 to 2004—were reviewed. Multiple patient-related factors were compared. The “early group” consisted of 179 wounds in 149 patients who underwent wound closure surgery alone. The “later group” included 145 wounds in 138 patients who underwent similar wound closure procedures with the addition of Achilles tendon–lengthening surgery. Results: Twenty-five percent in the early group and 2 percent of patients in the later group developed recurrent ulceration requiring reoperation, which resulted in 94 percent relative risk reduction (p < 0.001), whereas the risk factors and demographic data were similar in each group. In addition, 12 percent in the early group and 4 percent of the later group developed transfer lesions (p < 0.001). Conclusion: If one avoids excessive Achilles lengthening, the addition of an Achilles tendon–lengthening procedure can significantly reduce the risk of recurrent diabetic foot ulcerations. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.