Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics Of Large Diffusion Flames Burning In A Vitiated Atmosphere

Experiments concerning properties of large diffusion flames burning steadily in a vitiated atmosphere under conditions similar to those which may arise in a room fire are described. The effects of vitiation on the products of combustion and flame lengths, and the extinction limits are described for natural gas and ethylene diffusion flames stabilized on 8.9-, 19- and 50-cm pool-type burners. As vitiation was increased and the flame extinction limit was approached, the flame length increased slightly. Close to the limit, radiation from soot in the flame became imperceptible, leaving only a weakly luminous blue flame. Even with significant reductions in both the flame height and luminosity near the limit conditions, the hydrocarbon fuels were completely oxidized in the flame to water and carbon dioxide and no measurable concentrations of products of incomplete combustion were produced. A. comparison of limiting oxygen concentrations and limiting flame temperatures for these experiments with the results of other investigations shows reasonably good agreement despite widely varying experimental techniques. These results are contrasted with those obtained in the unsteady situation which arises when a large buoyant diffusion flame burns in an enclosed space such that the upper part of the flame is in a strongly vitiated layer composed of a mixture of air and products of combustion, and the lower part in fresh air.
Production of Lycopene in the Non-Carotenoid-Producing Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

ABSTRACT The codon-optimized genes crtB and crtI of Pantoea ananatis were expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica under the control of the TEF1 promoter of Y. lipolytica. Additionally, the rate-limiting genes for isoprenoid biosynthesis in Y. lipolytica, GGS1 and HMG1, were overexpressed to increase the production of lycopene. All of the genes were also expressed in a Y. lipolytica strain with POX1 to POX6 and GUT2 deleted, which led to an increase in the size of lipid bodies and a further increase in lycopene production. Lycopene is located mainly within lipid bodies, and increased lipid body formation leads to an increase in the lycopene storage capacity of Y. lipolytica. Growth-limiting conditions increase the specific lycopene content. Finally, a yield of 16 mg g−1 (dry cell weight) was reached in fed-batch cultures, which is the highest value reported so far for a eukaryotic host.
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE NUCLEAR PORE IN NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC SALIVARY GLAND TISSUE

During the cytochemical investigation of human parotid mixed tumors, focal alkaline phosphatase activity was observed along the nuclear envelope of many neoplastic epithelial cells. Further investigation localized the enzyme reaction product within the nuclear pore and in relation to the pore-associated material. Commonly, the reaction product assumed a geometric pattern and measurements of the reaction product deposits (761 ± 8 Å) conformed to the size of the nuclear pore. The possible significance of the presence of the enzyme in the nuclear pore is discussed.
Anti‐tumor and anti‐metastatic effects of human‐vascular‐endothelial‐growth‐factor‐neutralizing antibody on human colon and gastric carcinoma xenotransplanted orthotopically into nude mice

In order to determine whether the inhibition of vascular‐endothelial‐growth‐factor (VEGF) activity by administration of an immunoneutralizing antibody could suppress tumor growth and metastasis in spontaneous metastatic models of human colon and gastric carcinoma, 4 human carcinoma xenografts, 2 human colon carcinomas (TK4 and TK13) and 2 gastric carcinomas (MT2 and MT5) were transplanted orthotopically into nude mice. The anti‐VEGF antibody (MV833, 100 μg/mouse) or the same volume of saline was administered i.p. on alternative days from day 10 after transplantation. With each of the 4 xenografts, administration of MV833 significantly inhibited not only primary tumor growth but also macroscopic liver metastasis, although the growth rate varied. The inhibitory effect of MV833 on primary tumor growth appeared to have no correlation with the level of VEGF in tumor. Body‐weight gain in each treated group was comparable with that in the control group. No toxicity of the antibody was observed. These results suggest that an anti‐VEGF antibody can be effective against a wide variety of cancers, and that VEGF may be a possible target for cancer therapy. Int. J. Cancer 77:933–936, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internet Congestion Control for Future High Bandwidth-Delay Product Environments

Theory and experiments show that as the per-flow product of bandwidth and latency increases, TCP becomes inefficient and prone to instability, regardless of the queuing scheme. This failing becomes increasingly important as the Internet evolves to incorporate very high-bandwidth optical links and more large-delay satellite links. To address this problem, we develop a novel approach to Internet congestion control that outperforms TCP in conventional environments, and remains efficient, fair, scalable, and stable as the bandwidth-delay product increases. This new eXplicit Control Protocol, XCP, generalizes the Explicit Congestion Notification proposal (ECN). In addition, XCP introduces the new concept of decoupling utilization control from fairness control. This allows a more flexible and analytically tractable protocol design and opens new avenues for service differentiation. Using a control theory framework, we model XCP and demonstrate it is stable and efficient regardless of the link capacity, the round trip delay, and the number of sources. Extensive packet-level simulations show that XCP outperforms TCP in both conventional and high bandwidth-delay environments. Further, XCP achieves fair bandwidth allocation, high utilization, small standing queue size, and near-zero packet drops, with both steady and highly varying traffic. Additionally, the new protocol does not maintain any per-flow state in routers and requires few CPU cycles per packet, which makes it implementable in high-speed routers.
The Timing of Hip Fracture Surgery and Mortality Within 1 Year: A Comparison Between the United States and Japan

PURPOSE: This study compared patients who had hip fracture surgery in the United State and Japan, and analyzed whether the timing of surgery was related to mortality within 1 year after surgery. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study. Data were collected from medical records in 2 hospitals in the United States and 3 hospitals in Japan. A questionnaire was sent to patients and/or their family members about the patients' health outcomes after discharge. RESULTS: The median length of hospital stay before surgery was 1 day in the United States and 5 days in Japan. In the United States, patients who had more number of comorbidities had longer lengths of stay before surgery. In Japan, the timing of surgery was not necessarily related to patients' conditions. Although the length of stay before surgery was longer in Japan, the mortality rate was not higher than that in the United States. After adjusting for patient factors, types of fracture, and country, there were no significant associations between the delaying surgery and higher mortality rate. On the contrary, patients who underwent surgery in 5 days or later after admission indicated better survival. CONCLUSION Providers should reduce unnecessary delays to surgery and they should carefully identify patients who are not suitable for early surgery.
What Does the Yield Curve Tell Us about Exchange Rate Predictability?

Abstract Since the term structure of interest rates embodies information about future economic activity, we extract relative Nelson-Siegel (1987) factors from cross-country yield curve differences to proxy expected movements in future exchange rate fundamentals. Using monthly data for the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, and the United States, we show that the yield curve factors predict exchange rate movements and explain excess currency returns one month to two years ahead. Our results provide support for the asset pricing formulation of exchange rate determination and offer an intuitive explanation to the uncovered interest parity puzzle by relating currency risk premiums to inflation and business cycle risks.
A Scheme for Secure and Reliable Distributed Data Storage in Unattended WSNs

Unattended Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) operated in hostile environments face a risk on data security due to the absence of real-time communication between sensors and sinks, which imposes sensors to accumulate data till the next visit of a mobile sink to off-load the data. Thus, how to ensure forward secrecy, backward secrecy and reliability of the accumulated data is a great challenge. For example, if a sensor is compromised, pre-compromise data accumulated in the sensor is exposed to access. In addition, by holding key secrecy of the compromised sensor, attackers also can learn post-compromise data in the sensor. Furthermore, in practical UWSNs, once sensors stop working for accidents due to node crash or battery depletion, all the data accumulated will be lost. To address the challenges, we propose a secure and reliable data distribution scheme in this paper. Detailed analysis shows that our scheme can provide forward secrecy, probabilistic backward secrecy and data reliability. To further improve probabilistic backward secrecy and data reliability, a constrained optimization data distribution scheme is proposed. Detailed analysis and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed scheme in comparison with several previous approaches developed for UWSNs.
Investigations of the physical and chemical structure of archaeological fibres

Investigations of the physical and chemical structure of archaeological fibresArchaeological fibres can be defined as natural fibres that belong to different time periods, which found in cemeteries or excavation sites. The preservation conditions cause degradation, mineralisation and sometimes a complete deterioration of these fibres, because the chemical and physical structure of the fibres changed over time in response to the specific burial environments.The ancient fibres from different archaeological sites were analysed by several non destructive analytical techniques such as optical Microscopy, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance FTIR and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Analysis as well as destructive analytical techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.These analytical techniques showed that keratin fibres from a central European climate have a larger damage at the fibre surface compared with frozen conditions. While bog conditions were the best in preserving the surface. FTIR analysis provides information about cystine oxidation changes in keratin fibres. For all ancient keratin fibres showed a silica peak at 1030 cm-1 which affected the symmetric cysteic acid peak at 1040 cm-1. For this reason the asymmetrical cysteic acid peak 1175 cm-1 was used for identification of cystine oxidation changes. Transmission FTIR gives a better view of the overall chemical changes in both cortex and cuticle compared to ATR analysis. All ancient wools and highly medullated Iceman deer hairs showed the highest concentration of cysteic acid compared with human hair and goat hair. Also it was shown that warm conditions have bigger effect on both the degree of oxidation of cystine and the ions uptake from the environment.The modulated DSC analysis gives a better view on the degree of degradation of hair proteins compared to WAXS analysis. To get a reliable result it is important to correct the DSC data according to the protein content of the fibre.
Monochromatic and Zero-Sum Sets of Nondecreasing Modified Diameter

Let $m$ be a positive integer whose smallest prime divisor is denoted by $p$, and let ${\Bbb Z}_m$ denote the cyclic group of residues modulo $m$. For a set $B=\{x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_m\}$ of $m$ integers satisfying $x_1
[Factors associated to alcohol and smoking use in pregnancy].

PURPOSE to describe alcohol and tobacco use in adult pregnant women and determine its association with the obstetric outcome. METHODS analytical transversal study, in which 433 adult pregnant women and their newborns have been included, attended at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, from 1999 to 2006. Information on the mother and the newborn was collected at the moment of delivery and during puerperium through an interview and inspection of the medical records. 'Use of alcohol during gestation' and 'use of cigarette during gestation' have been considered when detected at any gestational age and written down on the medical record. RESULTS it was observed that 5.5 and 7.7% of the pregnant women reported cigarette and alcohol use during gestation, respectively. Maternal features related to tobacco use during pregnancy were marital status (p=0.005), age (p=0.01) and pre-natal nutritional guidance (p=0.003). Tobacco use during pregnancy has been strongly associated with alcohol use, 31.3% of the women reporting concomitant use of both substances (p<0.05). No association between alcohol or tobacco use during gestation and obstetric outcome (gestational age, newborn weight at birth and newborn medical conditions; p>0.05) has been detected. CONCLUSIONS these results suggest that tobacco and alcohol use should be investigated during pre-natal care among all women, particularly single women, over 35 years old, with history of miscarriage, and with unwanted pregnancy. Nutritional guidance had a protective effect against tobacco use during gestation, and thus pregnant women should be informed as to the harmful effects of substance use to ensure better obstetric outcome.
Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Driver Performance

In the past century we have learned that driving performance is impaired by alcohol even in low dosage, and that many other drugs are also linked to impairment. This paper is a summary of some of the more relevant studies in the past fifty years – an overview of our knowledge and unanswered questions. There is no evidence of a threshold blood alcohol (BAC) below which impairment does not occur, and there is no defined category of drivers who will not be impaired by alcohol. Alcohol increases not only the probability of collision, but also the probability of poor clinical outcome for injuries sustained when impaired by alcohol. This review samples the results of the myriad studies that have been performed during the last half century as experiments have moved from examination of simple sensory, perceptual and motor behaviours to more complex measures of cognitive functioning such as divided attention and mental workload. These more sophisticated studies show that significant impairment occurs at very low BACs (<0.02 gm/100 ml). However, much remains to be determined regarding the more emotional aspects of behaviour, such as judgment, aggression and risk taking. Considering that the majority of alcohol related accidents occur at night, there is a need for increased examination on the role of fatigue, circadian cycles and sleep loss. The study of the effects of drugs other than alcohol is more complex because of the number of substances of potential interest, the difficulties estimating drug levels and the complexity of the drug/subject interactions. The drugs of current concern are marijuana, the benzodiazepines, other psychoactive medications, the stimulants and the narcotics. No one test or group of tests currently meets the need for detecting and documenting impairment, either in the laboratory or at the roadside.
Discriminative Lexical Semantic Segmentation with Gaps: Running the MWE Gamut

We present a novel representation, evaluation measure, and supervised models for the task of identifying the multiword expressions (MWEs) in a sentence, resulting in a lexical semantic segmentation. Our approach generalizes a standard chunking representation to encode MWEs containing gaps, thereby enabling efficient sequence tagging algorithms for feature-rich discriminative models. Experiments on a new dataset of English web text offer the first linguistically-driven evaluation of MWE identification with truly heterogeneous expression types. Our statistical sequence model greatly outperforms a lookup-based segmentation procedure, achieving nearly 60% F1 for MWE identification.
Vaccinomics Approach to the Identification of Candidate Protective Antigens for the Control of Tick Vector Infestations and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne pathogen causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), tick-borne fever (TBF) in small ruminants, and other forms of anaplasmosis in different domestic and wild animals. The main vectors of this pathogen are Ixodes tick species, particularly I. scapularis in the United States and I. ricinus in Europe. One of the main limitations for the development of effective vaccines for the prevention and control of A. phagocytophilum infection and transmission is the identification of effective tick protective antigens. The objective of this study was to apply a vaccinomics approach to I. scapularis-A. phagocytophilum interactions for the identification and characterization of candidate tick protective antigens for the control of vector infestations and A. phagocytophilum infection. The vaccinomics pipeline included the use of quantitative transcriptomics and proteomics data from uninfected and A. phagocytophilum-infected I. scapularis ticks for the selection of candidate protective antigens based on the variation in tick mRNA and protein levels in response to infection, their putative biological function, and the effect of antibodies against these proteins on tick cell apoptosis and pathogen infection. The characterization of selected candidate tick protective antigens included the identification and characterization of I. ricinus homologs, functional characterization by different methodologies including RNA interference, immunofluorescence, gene expression profiling, and artificial tick feeding on rabbit antibodies against the recombinant antigens to select the candidates for vaccination trials. The vaccinomics pipeline developed in this study resulted in the identification of two candidate tick protective antigens that could be selected for future vaccination trials. The results showed that I. scapularis lipocalin (ISCW005600) and lectin pathway inhibitor (AAY66632) and I. ricinus homologs constitute candidate protective antigens for the control of vector infestations and A. phagocytophilum infection. Both antigens are involved in the tick evasion of host defense response and pathogen infection and transmission, but targeting different immune response pathways. The vaccinomics pipeline proposed here could be used to continue the identification and characterization of candidate tick protective antigens for the development of effective vaccines for the prevention and control of HGA, TBF, and other forms of anaplasmosis caused by A. phagocytophilum.
The Spouse as Co-Therapist in the Treatment of Agoraphobia

Summary Involving the spouse as a co-therapist made no significant difference to the outcome of treatment in a controlled study of 19 married patients suffering from agoraphobia who were engaged in short-term home-based behavioural treatment. Improvement continued to 6-month follow-up. The marriages of those with some marital difficulties at the start tended to improve, whether or not the spouse was involved. Poor initial marital adjustment was not related to the degree of improvement in agoraphobic symptoms.
Priority regions for research on dryland cereals and legumes

Dryland cereals and legumes are important crops in farming systems across the world. Yet they are frequently neglected among the priorities for international agricultural research and development, often due to lack of information on their magnitude and extent. Given what we know about the global distribution of dryland cereals and legumes, what regions should be high priority for research and development to improve livelihoods and food security? This research evaluated the geographic dimensions of these crops and the farming systems where they are found worldwide. The study employed geographic information science and data to assess the key farming systems and regions for these crops. Dryland cereal and legume crops should be given high priority in 18 farming systems worldwide, where their cultivated area comprises more than 160 million ha. These regions include the dryer areas of South Asia, West and East Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Central America and other parts of Asia. These regions are prone to drought and heat stress, have limiting soil constraints, make up half of the global population and account for 60 percent of the global poor and malnourished. The dryland cereal and legume crops and farming systems merit more research and development attention to improve productivity and address development problems. This project developed an open access dataset and information resource that provides the basis for future analysis of the geographic dimensions of dryland cereals and legumes.
Human Papillomavirus Types Distribution in Organised Cervical Cancer Screening in France

Background Knowledge of prevalence rates and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes prior high HPV vaccine coverage is necessary to assess its expected impact on HPV ecology and on cervical lesions and cancers. Methods Residual specimens of cervical cytology (N = 6,538) were obtained from 16 sites participating in organised cervical cancer screening pilot programs throughout France, anonymised and tested for HPV DNA using the PapilloCheck® genotyping test. Samples were stratified according to age of women and cytological grades. Results The age-standardised prevalence rates of HPV 16 and/or 18 (with or without other high-risk types) was 47.2% (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 42.4–52.1) in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), 20.2% in low-grade SIL (95% CI: 16.7–23.7) and 3.9% (95% CI: 2.8–5.1) in normal cytology. Overall HR HPV were detected in 13.7% (95%I CI: 11.7–15.6) of normal cytology. In women below 30 years of age, 64% of HSILs were associated with HPV16 and/or 18. In our study population, HPV16 was the most commonly detected type in all cervical grades with prevalence rates ranking from 3.0% in normal cytology to 50.9% in HSILs. HPV16 was also detected in 54% (27/50) of invasive cervical cancers including 5 adenocarcinomas. Conclusion HPV16 was strongly associated with cervical precancer and cancer. The high prevalence rates of HPV16/18 infection among women below 30 years of age with HSILs suggests that the impact of vaccination would be primarily observed among young women.
Viscoelastic Properties of a Mixed Culture Biofilm from Rheometer Creep Analysis

The mechanical properties of mixed culture biofilms were determined by creep analysis using an AR1000 rotating disk rheometer. The biofilms were grown directly on the rheometer disks which were rotated in a chemostat for 12 d. The resulting biofilms were heterogeneous and ranged from 35 μm to 50 μm in thickness. The creep curves were all viscoelastic in nature. The close agreement between stress and strain ratio of a sample tested at 0.1 and 0.5 Pa suggested that the biofilms were tested in the linear viscoelastic range and supported the use of linear viscoelastic theory in the development of a constitutive law. The experimental data was fit to a 4-element Burger spring and dashpot model. The shear modulus (G) ranged from 0.2 to 24 Pa and the viscous coefficient (η) from 10 to 3000 Pa. These values were in the same range as those previously estimated from fluid shear deformation of biofilms in flow cells. A viscoelastic biofilm model will help to predict shear related biofilm phenomena such as elevated pressure drop, detachment, and the flow of biofilms over solid surfaces.