Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the New Indices of Religious Orientation (NIRO) among cathedral worshippers in the United Kingdom

Building on the work of Francis among a sample of students, this study examined the psychometric properties of The New Indices of Religious Orientation among 432 worshippers in five Anglican cathedrals in England and Wales. The data demonstrated that all the indices achieved satisfactory alpha coefficients for both the full scale (extrinsic, 0.79; intrinsic, 0.76; and quest, 0.75) and the short form (extrinsic, 0.70, intrinsic, 0.79; and quest, 0.70). The construct validity of the New Indices of Religious Orientation was supported by examination against self-reported frequency of personal prayer. These findings suggest that the scales provide a satisfactory measure of religious orientation among a religious sample.
Special Boundary Roles in the Innovation Process.

A version of this paper was presented at the Academy of Management meetings, August 1976. The author thanks his colleagues David Lewin, Noel Tichy, and Michael Ginzberg, and an anonymous reviewer forASQ for their helpful comments and criticism. This work was supported by grants from the Center for Research in Career Development at Columbia University and from the Shell Companies Foundation.
Judging Others Who Hold Opposite Beliefs: The Development of Belief-Discrepancy Reasoning.

ENRIGHT, ROBERT D. , and LAPSLEY, DANIEL K. Judging Others Who Hold Opposite Beliefs: The Development of Belief-Discrepancy Reasoning. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 1053-1063. Subjects' judgments of intolerance toward disagreeing others were examined developmentally in 3 studies. A developmental progression emerged as follows: level 0 = failure to understand that one can judge another's beliefs in relation to the self's, level 1 = rejecting others who disagree with the self, level 2 = tolerance toward disagreeing others, and level 3 = a willing. ness with more knowledge of the other's beliefs to judge the other in relation to his or her beliefs. In study 1, the belief-discrepancy construct was explored through an open-ended, clinical interview with third, seventh, and twelfth graders. In study 2 an objective measure of the construct was related significantly to moral judgment in samples of ninth and twelfth graders, college students, and adults. In study 3, a different objective measure of the belief-discrepancy construct was significantly related to Piagetian logical reasoning in first, fourth, seventh, and tenth graders and college students. The evidence suggests that intolerance may be a lower level of reasoning in a social cognitive developmental progression.
Research in the Sociology of Music Education: some introductory concepts

ABSTRACT This article presents some key sociological concepts, and examines how such concepts can operate within the sociology of music, focusing on two main areas. One area concerns the organisation of musical activities—the production, distribution and reception of music by a variety of social groups; the other area involves the social construction of musical meaning—what music means, how it takes on its meanings and how those meanings are reproduced, contested and changed. The article then moves on to examine ways in which the issues, principles and procedures identified can inform research in the sociology of music education. Some illustrative examples of existing research are given, and some further topics inviting sociological methodology are suggested.
The SALSA Corpus: a German Corpus Resource for Lexical Semantics

This paper describes the SALSA corpus, a large German corpus manually annotated with manual role-semantic annotation, based on the syntactically annotated TIGER newspaper corpus. The first release, comprising about 20,000 annotated predicate instances (about half the TIGER corpus), is scheduled for mid-2006. In this paper we discuss the annotation framework (frame semantics) and its cross-lingual applicability, problems arising from exhaustive annotation, strategies for quality control, and possible applications.
Impact of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of COPD

The reduction in the ratio between forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) is used for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The choice between a simple fixed cut‐off ratio (FEV1/FVC <0.70) and the use of lower limit of normal (LLN) is eagerly discussed. The aim of this paper was to examine the impact of these two diagnostic measures on the prevalence of COPD using data from the fourth examination of The Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS4).
Clinical and genetic aspects of Bernard-Soulier syndrome: searching for genotype/phenotype correlations

Background Bernard-Soulier syndrome is a severe bleeding disease due to a defect of GPIb/IX/V, a platelet complex that binds the von Willebrand factor. Due to the rarity of the disease, there are reports only on a few cases compromising any attempt to establish correlations between genotype and phenotype. In order to identify any associations, we describe the largest case series ever reported, which was evaluated systematically at the same center. Design and Methods Thirteen patients with the disease and seven obligate carriers were enrolled. We collected clinical aspects and determined platelet features, including number and size, expression of membrane glycoproteins, and ristocetin induced platelet aggregation. Mutations were identified by direct sequencing of the GP1BA, GP1BB, and GP9 genes and their effect was shown by molecular modeling analyses. Results Patients all had a moderate thrombocytopenia with giant platelets and a bleeding tendency whose severity varied among individuals. Consistent with expression levels of GPIbα always lower than 10% of control values, platelet aggregation was absent or severely reduced. Homozygous mutations were identified in the GP1BA, GP1BB and GP9 genes; six were novel alterations expected to destabilize the conformation of the respective protein. Except for obligate carriers of a GP9 mutation with a reduced GPIb/IX/V expression and defective aggregation, all the other carriers had no obvious anomalies. Conclusions Regardless of mutations identified, the patients’ bleeding diathesis did not correlate with thrombocytopenia, which was always moderate, and platelet GPIbα expression, which was always severely impaired. Obligate carriers had features similar to controls though their GPIb/IX/V expression showed discrepancies. Aware of the limitations of our cohort, we cannot define any correlations. However, further investigations should be encouraged to better understand the causes of this rare and underestimated disease.
Growth of Tropical dasyatid Rays Estimated Using a Multi-Analytical Approach

We studied the age and growth of four sympatric stingrays: reticulate whipray, Himanutra uarnak (n=19); blue mask, Neotrygon kuhlii (n=34); cowtail, Pastinachus atrus (n=32) and blue-spotted fantail, Taeniura lymma (n=40) rays at Ningaloo Reef, a fringing coral reef on the north-western coast of western Australia. Age estimates derived from band counts within sectioned vertebrae ranged between 1 and 27 years (H. uarnak, 1 - 25 yrs.; N. kuhlii, 1.5 - 13 yrs.; P. atrus, 1 - 27 yrs. and T. lymma, 1 -11 yrs.). Due to limitations of sample sizes, we combined several analytical methods for estimating growth parameters. First, we used nonlinear least squares (NLS) to identify the growth model that best fitted the data. We then used this model, prior information and the data within a Bayesian framework to approximate the posterior distribution of the growth parameters. For all species the two-parameter von Bertalanffy growth model provided the best fit to size-at-age datasets. Based on this model, the Bayesian approach allowed the estimation of median values of W D∞ (cm) and k (yr-1) for the four species (H. uarnak: 149 and 0.12; N. kuhlii: 42 and 0.38; P. atrus 156 and 0.16, and T. lymma 33 and 0.24, respectively). Our approach highlights the value of combining different analytical methods and prior knowledge for estimating growth parameters when data quality and quantity are limited.
On the Interaction of Risk and Time Preferences: An Experimental Study

Abstract Experimental studies of risk and time preference typically focus on one of the two phenomena. The goal of this paper is to investigate the (possible) correlation between subjects' attitude to risk and their time preference. For this sake we ask 61 subjects to price a simple lottery in three different scenarios. At the first, the lottery premium is paid `now'. At the second, it is paid `later'. At the third, it is paid `even later'. By comparing the certainty equivalents offered by the subjects for the three lotteries, we test how time and risk preferences are interrelated. Since the time interval between `now' and `later' is the same as between `later' and `even later', we also test the hypothesis of hyperbolic discounting. The main result is a statistically significant negative correlation between subjects' degrees of risk aversion and their (implicit) discount factors. Moreover, we show that the negative correlation is independent of the method used to elicit certainty equivalents (willingness to pay versus willingness to accept).
Formal verification of SystemC by automatic hardware/software partitioning

Variants of general-purpose programming languages, like SystemC, are increasingly used to specify system designs that have both hardware and software parts. The system-level languages allow a flexible partitioning in the design of the hardware and software. Moreover, many properties depend on the combination of hardware and software and cannot be verified on either part alone. Existing tools either apply non-formal approaches or handle only the low-level parts of the language. This papers presents a new technique that handles both hardware and software parts of a system description. This is done by automatically partitioning the uniform system description into synchronous (hardware) and asynchronous (software) parts. This technique has been implemented and applied to system level descriptions of several industrial examples. The hardware/software partitioning improves the performance of the verification compared to the monolithic approach.
Organ Allocation Policy and the Decision to Donate

Organ donations from deceased donors provide the majority of transplanted organs in the United States, and one deceased donor can save numerous lives by providing multiple organs. Nevertheless, most Americans are not registered organ donors despite the relative ease of becoming one. We study in the laboratory an experimental game modeled on the decision to register as an organ donor and investigate how changes in the management of organ waiting lists might impact donations. We find that an organ allocation policy giving priority on waiting lists to those who previously registered as donors has a significant positive impact on registration.
Reconstituting the Barrier Properties of a Water-tight Epithelial Membrane by Design of Leaflet-specific Liposomes* 210

To define aspects of lipid composition and bilayer asymmetry critical to barrier function, we examined the permeabilities of liposomes that model individual leaflets of the apical membrane of a barrier epithelium, Madin-Darby canine kidney type 1 cells. Using published lipid compositions we prepared exofacial liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, glycosphingolipids, and cholesterol; and cytoplasmic liposomes containing phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and cholesterol. The osmotic permeability of cytoplasmic liposomes to water (Pf ), solutes, and NH3 was 18–90-fold higher than for the exofacial liposomes (P f(ex) = 2.4 ± 0.4 × 10− 4 cm/s, P f(cy) = 4.4 ± 0.3 × 10− 3 cm/s;P glycerol(ex) = 2.5 ± 0.3 × 10− 8 cm/s,P glycerol(cy) = 2.2 ± 0.02 × 10− 6 cm/s; P NH3(ex) = 0.13 ± 0.4 × 10−4 cm/s,P NH3(cy) = 7.9 ± 1.0 × 10−3cm/s). By contrast, the apparent proton permeability of exofacial liposomes was 4-fold higher than cytoplasmic liposomes (P H+(ex) = 1.1 ± 0.1 × 10− 2 cm/s, P H+(cy) = 2.7 ± 0.6 × 10− 3 cm/s). By adding single leaflet permeabilities, we calculated a theoreticalPf for a Madin-Darby canine kidney apical membrane of 4.6 × 10− 4 cm/s, which compares favorably with experimentally determined values. In exofacial liposomes lacking glycosphingolipids or sphingomyelin, permeabilities were 2–7-fold higher, indicating that both species play a role in barrier function. Removal of cholesterol resulted in 40–280-fold increases in permeability. We conclude: 1) that we have reconstituted the biophysical properties of a barrier membrane, 2) that the barrier resides in the exofacial leaflet, 3) that both sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids play a role in reducing membrane permeability but that there is an absolute requirement for cholesterol to mediate this effect, 4) that these results further validate the hypothesis that each leaflet offers an independent resistance to permeation, and 5) that proton permeation was enhanced by sphingolipid/cholesterol interactions.
Prospective Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Expression of an Abcg2/GFP Allele

Stem cells from a variety of tissues can be identified by a side population (SP) phenotype based on Hoechst 33342 dye efflux. The Abcg2 transporter is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and confers this dye efflux activity. To further explore the relationship among Abcg2 expression, the SP phenotype, and HSC activity, we have generated mice in which a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene was inserted into the Abcg2 locus. In these mice, the majority of bone marrow (BM) cells that expressed the Abcg2/ GFP allele were Ter119+ erythroid cells. The Abcg2/GFP allele was also expressed in approximately 10% of lineage‐negative (Lin−) and in 91% of SP cells using stringent conditions for the SP assay. Flow cytometric sorting was used to isolate various Abcg2/GFP+ BM cell populations that were then tested for HSC activity in transplant assays. There was significant enrichment for HSCs in sorted Lin−/ GFP+ cells, with a calculated HSC frequency of approximately one in 75. There was no HSC activity detected in Lin−/GFP+ cells. Altogether, these results show that Abcg2 is expressed on essentially all murine BM HSCs and can be used as a prospective marker for HSC enrichment.
Gender Inequalities in Education

The terrain of gender inequalities in education has seen much change in recent decades. This article reviews the empirical research and theoretical perspectives on gender inequalities in educational performance and attainment from early childhood to young adulthood. Much of the literature on children and adolescents attends to performance differences between girls and boys. Of course, achievement in elementary and secondary school is linked to the level of education one ultimately attains including high school completion, enrollment in postsecondary education, college completion, and graduate and professional school experiences. We recommend three directions for future research: (a) interdisciplinary efforts to understand gender differences in cognitive development and noncognitive abilities in early childhood, (b) research on the structure and practices of schooling, and (c) analyses of how gender differences might amplify other kinds of inequalities, such as racial, ethnic, class, or nativity inequalities.
Scaling alternative economic practices? Some lessons from alternative currencies

This paper engages with recent geographical debates on alternative economic practices, arguing that insufficient attention has been paid to the scale at which they operate. Through an analysis of recent attempts to ‘fix’ economic activity at a scale felt to be normatively desirable through alternative currencies, the paper argues that when attempting to build non-capitalist practices, scale matters. The paper discusses processes of financial structuration that limit and channel these spaces through an analysis of localized alternative networks in the UK (Local Exchange Trading Schemes – LETS) and the geographically wider barter networks in Argentina.
Representations in Distributed Cognitive Tasks

In this article we propose a theoretical framework of distributed representations and a methodology of representational analysis for the study of distributed cognitive tasks—tasks that require the processing of information distributed across the internal mind and the external environment. The basic principle of distributed representations Is that the representational system of a distributed cognitive task is a set of internal and external representations, which together represent the abstract structure of the task. The basic strategy of representational analysis is to decompose the representation of a hierarchical task into its component levels so that the representational properties at each level can be independently examined. The theoretical framework and the methodology are used to analyze the hierarchical structure of the Tower of Hanoi problem. Based on this analysis, four experiments are designed to examine the representational properties of the Tower of Hanoi. Finally, the nature of external representations is discussed.
The Ability to Identify Criteria: Its Relationship with Social Understanding, Preparation, and Impression Management in Affecting Predictor Performance in a High-Stakes Selection Context

The ability to correctly identify the criteria (ATIC) that are being evaluated in a selection procedure is a relatively new construct attracting attention because of its significant relationship with performance in selection assessments and its potential for explaining their criterion validity. Multiple source data from 319 applicants undergoing a high-stakes medical student selection procedure were used to test a moderated mediation model that extends current understanding of the nomological net of this construct. Results show that ATIC fully mediated the relationship between interview preparation and performance, partially mediated the effect of social understanding on performance, and moderated the effect of impression management on performance. Findings are explained in terms of cognitive theories of cue recognition, and practical implications are discussed.
Gender Affects Body Language Reading

Body motion is a rich source of information for social cognition. However, gender effects in body language reading are largely unknown. Here we investigated whether, and, if so, how recognition of emotional expressions revealed by body motion is gender dependent. To this end, females and males were presented with point-light displays portraying knocking at a door performed with different emotional expressions. The findings show that gender affects accuracy rather than speed of body language reading. This effect, however, is modulated by emotional content of actions: males surpass in recognition accuracy of happy actions, whereas females tend to excel in recognition of hostile angry knocking. Advantage of women in recognition accuracy of neutral actions suggests that females are better tuned to the lack of emotional content in body actions. The study provides novel insights into understanding of gender effects in body language reading, and helps to shed light on gender vulnerability to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental impairments in visual social cognition.
On the use of recurrent neural networks to design symmetric ciphers

In this article, we describe an innovative form of cipher design based on the use of recurrent neural networks. The well-known characteristics of neural networks, such as parallel distributed structure, high computational power, ability to learn and represent knowledge as a black box, are successfully applied to cryptography. The proposed cipher has a relatively simple architecture and, by incorporating neural networks, it releases the constraint on the length of the secret key. The design of the symmetric cipher is described in detail and its security is analyzed. The cipher is robust in resisting different cryptanalysis attacks and provides efficient data integrity and authentication services. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed cipher design.
Ways to Enhance Children's Activity and Nutrition (WE CAN) - a pilot project with Latina mothers.

PURPOSE This article presents the feasibility and acceptability of the 4-week Ways to Enhance Children's Activities and Nutrition (WE CAN) program. DESIGN AND METHOD Mixed methods were utilized. Quantitative data were collected from Latina mothers using self-administered surveys. RESULTS The program was positively received, although attrition was a concern. Mothers were concerned about their children's weight and were receptive to being key role models for being more active, limiting screen time, buying less junk food, and increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings provide nurses with knowledge on how mothers view appropriate nutrition and activity as important to their children's health.
Superfluid properties of BPS monopoles.

This paper is devoted to demonstrating manifest superfluid properties of the Minkowskian Higgs model with vacuum BPS monopole solutions at assuming the ”continuous” ∼ S 2 vacuum geometry in that model. It will be also argued that point hedgehog topological defects are present in the Minkowskian Higgs model with BPS monopoles. It turns out, and we show this, that the enumerated phenomena are compatible with the Faddeev-Popov ”heuristic” quantization of the Minkowskian Higgs model with vacuum BPS monopoles, coming to fixing the Weyl (temporal) gauge A0 = 0 for gauge fields A in the Faddeev-Popov path integral.
Oxygen desaturation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatric patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Pulse oximetry was used to measure arterial oxygen saturation and the extent of hypoxemia in pediatric patients undergoing FB. DESIGN Arterial oxygen saturation was measured (1) prior to the procedure to provide a baseline value, (2) when the bronchoscope was positioned in the nasopharynx, and (3) when the bronchoscope was positioned in the mid-trachea. SETTING Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in the Pediatric Special Care Unit or in the Pediatric Pulmonary Laboratory using an Olympus BF3C4 fiberoptic bronchoscope with a 3.5-mm outer diameter. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six children who underwent diagnostic or therapeutic bronchoscopy for a variety of reasons were evaluated. They ranged in age from 6 to 142 months; 20 were male and 16 were female. INTERVENTIONS There were no interventions. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Of the 36 patients, 29 experienced a fall in SaO2 levels exceeding 5 percent of baseline values. The youngest age group, 6 to 12 months, showed the greatest drop in saturation as compared with the other groups. Desaturation was significantly increased by midtracheal FB. CONCLUSIONS A decline in arterial oxygen saturation that may be substantial in infants and children undergoing FB examination was frequently noted, especially in smaller infants and when the bronchoscope was positioned in the mid-trachea. Supplemental oxygen and a brisk procedure time will minimize the risk of dangerous hypoxia.