Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VirtualGC: Enabling erase-free garbage collection to upgrade the performance of rewritable SLC NAND flash memory

Since 3D NAND flash memory could provide more reliable storage than a 2D planar flash memory by relaxing the design rule of a memory cell, a kind of brand new programming technique, namely erase-free scheme, has been proposed to further enhance the endurance of a 3D SLC NAND flash memory. The erase-free scheme brings tons of benefits to flash memory performance and endurance. For example, the erase-free scheme could reclaim invalid (page) space without physically erasing a flash block. However, current flash management designs could not fully exploit the benefits of the erase-free scheme. With the considerations of the features of the erase-free scheme, this paper is the first work to propose a novel flash management design, namely VirtualGC strategy, to deal with the erase-free garbage collection process. By taking the advantages of the erase-free scheme, the proposed strategy reduces the overhead of copying live pages so as to increase flash memory performance. The results show that the proposed strategy significantly improves the performance of rewritable 3D flash memory drives.
2 The Importance of Embodiment in Imitation and the Correspondence Problem

Behaviour matching and imitation serve as fundamental mechanisms for social learning, the development of social skills, and the evolution of cultures. Imitation and observational learning as means for acquiring new behaviours also represent a largely untapped resource for robotics and artificial life both in the study of “life as it could be” and for applications of biological mechanisms to synthetic worlds. A crucial problem in imitation is the correspondence problem, mapping action sequences of the demonstrator and the imitator agent. This problem becomes particularly obvious when the two agents do not share the same embodiment and affordances. This paper describes work-in-progress using the general imitating mechanism ALICE (Action Learning for Imitation via Correspondences between Embodiments), trying to find solutions for the correspondence problem between different configurations of robotic arms.
Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Ventilated Trauma Patients with Multiple Rib Fractures

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common disease that may contribute to morbidity and mortality among trauma patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study evaluated the associations between trauma factors and the development of VAP in ventilated patients with multiple rib fractures. Methods We retrospectively and consecutively evaluated 101 patients with multiple rib fractures who were ventilated and managed at our hospital between January 2010 and December 2015, analyzing the associations between VAP and trauma factors in these patients. Trauma factors included sternal fracture, flail chest, diaphragm injury, traumatic aortic dissection, combined cardiac injury, pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemopneumothorax, abbreviated injury scale score, thoracic trauma severity score, and injury severity score. Results Forty-six patients (45.5%) had at least 1 episode of VAP, 10 (21.7%) of whom died in the ICU. Of the 55 (54.5%) patients who did not have pneumonia, 9 (16.4%) died in the ICU. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that VAP was associated with severe lung contusion (odds ratio, 3.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 8.39; p=0.029). Conclusion Severe pulmonary contusion (pulmonary lung contusion score 6–12) is an independent risk factor for VAP in ventilated trauma patients with multiple rib fractures.
Silesian Deception Database: Presentation and Analysis

Numerous studies have examined behavioral cues to deception with low temporal video resolution, which does not enable to track the facial movements dynamics. Another problem is the lack of publicly available video databases that allow to develop computer vision algorithms dedicated to the automatic deception recognition. In this paper, we describe a novel publicly available database that consists of 101 video recordings acquired with the use of a high speed camera at 100 fps in a well-controlled laboratory environment and proper illumination. Within this database, over 1.1 million frames were coded providing the ground truth for the potential cues of deception displayed on the subject's face during telling the truth and lying. Some preliminary psychological implications are also presented.
Multilevel Modeling in Epidemiology with GLIMMIX

Previous work has shown that multilevel modeling can be a valuable technique for epidemiologic analysis. The complexity of using this approach, however, continues to restrict its general application. A critical factor is the lack of flexible and appropriate software for multilevel modeling. SAS provides a macro, GLIMMIX, that can be used for multilevel modeling, but that is not sufficient for a complete epidemiologic analysis. We here provide additional code to obtain epidemiologic output from GLIMMIX, illustrated with new data on diet and breast cancer from the European Community Multicenter Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Breast Cancer (EURAMIC). Our results give epidemiologists an easily used tool for fitting multilevel models.
Effects of a Value-Reappraisal Intervention on Statistics Students’ Motivation and Performance

The authors investigated the effects of an exploratory value-reappraisal intervention on students’ motivation and performance in an undergraduate introductory statistics course. They sampled 82 students from 2 instructors’ sections during both the fall and spring semesters. Students were randomly assigned within each section to either the Value-Reappraisal (VR) or Control condition (C). VR presented messages about the importance of statistics and guided students in exploring potential values of learning statistics. Results showed positive effects of VR on task value, endogenous instrumentality, and a choice-behavior measure of interest. The authors found VR to affect exam performance, but only for students who had a particular instructor. This research helps broaden literature on self-regulation and expectancy-value models of motivation by focusing on the regulation of value perceptions.
Special women, special needs: A descriptive study of female special hospital patients

All 87 women patients who were detained in Broadmoor Hospital during the first 6 months of 1994 are described in terms of their demographic and offence characteristics, their behaviours prior to and during admission, their diagnostic categories and treatment needs. Histories of sexual victimization and physical abuse were present in a substantial number of the population. Acts of self-harm represented a more significant management problem (present in 94% of women) than aggression towards others. The most common behaviours leading to admission were assault (71.3%) and arson (47.1%), although 23% of the women had not been convicted of any offence. The findings are discussed with reference to the need to develop within secure settings psychotherapeutic approaches that reflect the complexity of these women's lives as well as the multiple levels of trauma most have experienced.
A New Era of Clinical Dopamine Transporter Imaging Using 123I-FP-CIT*

123I-labeled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) was approved for clinical use in 2011 by the Food and Drug Administration. 123I-FP-CIT is a radioligand for brain dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging that is useful for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and other diseases that mimic PD. The sensitivity and specificity of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT for PD diagnosis are more than 90% and equivalent to those of other DAT SPECT methods. In the near future, the clinical indications of DAT imaging are expected to be broadened; for example, including treatment response assessment, disease progression monitoring, and early diagnosis of premotor PD in each individual patient.
Platelia Aspergillus assay and potential cross-reaction.

Sir—I read with interest 2 articles in the 15 March 2004 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Both Adam et al. [1] and Viscoli et al. [2] reported their findings of “falsepositive” results obtained with the Platelia Aspergillus ELISA test (Bio-Rad) among patients receiving piperacillin-tazobactam. Investigation revealed that these patients did not have any invasive fungal diseases. The Platelia Aspergillus assay detects galactomannan (GM), a complex sugar, which is found in the Aspergillus cell wall. A positive reaction to the assay could be a sign of a possible Aspergillus infection. However, GM is a polysaccharide that is also found in many food products and is also present in other fungi. These other sources of GM may also give positive results with the Platelia Aspergillus test. GM is a normal by-product of the penicillin fermentation process. It is a noninfectious, nonpyrogenic carbohydrate. As noted by Viscoli et al. [2, p. 915], “. cross-reactions of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) EB-A2, used in this test, have been described with other organisms (such as Fusarium oxysporum, Rhodotorula rubra, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitalis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium digitatum, Paecilomyces variotii, and Alternaria species) and also with infant milk formulas, cyclophosphamide, and food. ” Piperacillin-tazobactam is manufactured in sterile manufacturing facilities and is subjected to rigorous sterility controls prior to its release to the market. Wyeth conducted laboratory testing of piperacillin-tazobactam product. The product is sterile and free of Aspergillus organisms. It is not “contaminated” with Aspergillus organisms or Aspergillus GM. Because the Platelia Aspergillus test kit detects GM, not Aspergillus as its name implies, there can be a positive reaction to any GM, regardless of source. Therefore, the reaction is better characterized as either a positive reaction to GM or a “crossreaction” by the test. It is not evidence of “contamination” of the sample being tested. Wyeth has taken steps to notify clinicians of this “cross-reaction” through a letter to health care providers, mailed in December 2003/January 2004, and through a modification of the Laboratory Interactions section of its worldwide product directional circular.
A comparison of the reverse and power punches in oriental martial arts

Abstract In this study, we compared mechanical factors in the reverse and three-inch power punches. Twelve expert male martial artists stood on a force plate, and executed reverse and power punches against a padded target fixed to a wall-mounted force plate. The force plates measured horizontal forces, and subsequently impulses and body centre of mass velocity changes. The motions of four markers attached to the arm were also collected, and were used to compute the horizontal velocities of the knuckle and of the arm centre of mass. The power punch produced smaller velocities immediately before impact than the reverse punch for the whole-body centre of mass (0.14 vs. 0.31 m · s−1), for the arm centre of mass (2.86 vs. 4.68 m · s−1), and for the knuckle (4.09 vs. 6.43 m · s−1). The peak force exerted by the fist was much smaller in the power punch than in the reverse punch (790 vs. 1450 N). However, the linear impulse exerted by the fist during the first 0.20 s of contact was slightly larger in the power punch than in the reverse punch (43.2 vs. 37.7 N · s). The results indicate that the power punch is less potent than the reverse punch, but slightly more effective for throwing the opponent off balance.
Predicting Problem Gambling in Australian Adults Using a Multifaceted Model of Impulsivity

Impulsivity is a factor that has been linked strongly to problem gambling; however, conceptualization problems have impeded research in this area. Research suggests that there may be as many as five impulsivity subtypes and that some but not all of these subtypes are involved in problem gambling. This cross-sectional and correlational study used the multifaceted UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale as a predictor of problem gambling in a community (N = 200) sample of Australian adult gamblers. Of the five impulsivity subtypes, negative urgency, positive urgency and sensation seeking were found to be positively related to problem gambling, while lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance were unrelated. Multiple regression analyses revealed that positive urgency and negative urgency were the only significant predictors of problem gambling, suggesting that individuals who have the tendency to act rashly when in a positive or negative mood are more likely to display problem gambling behaviour. The results provide further evidence of the significant role of strong emotions in problem gambling. Further, it appears that problem gambling can be motivated both by the impulsive desire to avoid negative mood states and by the impulsive desire to maintain and enhance positive mood states.
Muscle Soreness and Serum Creatine Kinase Activity Following Isometric, Eccentric, and Concentric Exercise

Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and subjective ratings of muscle soreness were assessed in 28 college women following three different arm flexion exercise regimens. The subjects were randomly assigned to an eccentric, isometric, or concentric exercise regimen. Each regimen was equated for total work time and work-to-rest ratio. Blood samples for determination of serum CK activity and perceived soreness ratings were obtained prior to and 5, 10, and 25 h following each exercise. Significant increases in perceived soreness ratings were observed for each exercise regimen. The magnitude of the post-exercise increase in perceived soreness was greatest for the eccentric and the isometric exercises with minimal soreness following the concentric exercise. A small but significant increase in serum CK activity was observed following the three exercises (eccentric = 35.8%, concentric = 37.6%, isometric = 34.0%). The post-exercise serum CK increases did not differ significantly among the three regimens. The rise in serum CK activity suggests that muscle damage occurred during all three tasks. However, due to multiple factors which can affect serum CK levels, the increase in serum CK activity may not provide a sensitive indicator of the magnitude of the injury.
H215O PET validation of steady‐state arterial spin tagging cerebral blood flow measurements in humans

Steady‐state arterial spin tagging approaches can provide quantitative images of CBF, but have not been validated in humans. The work presented here compared CBF values measured using steady‐state arterial spin tagging with CBF values measured in the same group of human subjects using the H215O IV bolus PET method. Blood flow values determined by H215O PET were corrected for the known effects of incomplete extraction of water across the blood brain barrier. For a cortical strip ROI, blood flow values determined using arterial spin tagging (64 ± 12 cc/100g/min) were not statistically different from corrected blood flow values determined using H215O PET (67 ± 13 cc/100g/min). However, for a central white matter ROI, blood flow values determined using arterial spin tagging were significantly underestimated compared to corrected blood flow values determined using H215O PET. This underestimation could be caused by an underestimation of the arterial transit time for white matter regions. Magn Reson Med 44:450–456, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effects of Post-Velar Consonants on Vowels in Nuu-chah-nulth: Auditory, Acoustic, and Articulatory Evidence

Abstract Previous phonetic documentation of Nuu-chah-nulth consonant-vowel interactions has either solely relied on transcriptions or has been incomplete in some other respect. Using auditory, acoustic, and articulatory evidence, this article documents the effects of all post-velar consonants on all vowels. Results show that /i/ and /i:/ almost always have a schwa offglide before the uvular and pharyngeal stops, but not always before the fricatives. When these vowels follow uvulars and pharyngeals (with the exception of the labialized uvular), they are usually lowered and do not have a schwa offglide. Ultrasound data confirm that the tongue root is active in articulating uvular and pharyngeal consonants and that the schwa off-glide occurs because the tongue is moving through a schwa-like configuration on its way from the high front vowel to the retracted consonant. The vowels /u/ and /u:/ are lowered and/or diphthongized following (but not preceding) pharyngeals, and they are unaffected by uvulars.
The Kinetic Family Drawing Technique: A Review of the Literature

This article is a review of the research on the Kinetic Family Drawing. Technique (KFD; Barns & Kaufman, 1970) in the areas of reliability, normative findings, cultural influences, and validity. The review is critical, of studies that emphasize single KFD signs and the use of a single interpretation for each of a series of signs, Instead, the. authors emphasize the need for more sophisticated studies that utilize a holistic, integrative approach to interpretation. The article also discusses the existence of significant age, race, and culturally related differences in KFD performance and stresses the need for more detailed normative data in these areas. In addition, the authors stress the importance of research that focuses on the interpretive approach of the clinician using the KFD technique, rather than on the KFD, per se.
Minority Women and Domestic Violence: The Unique Dilemmas of Battered Women of Color

There is very little in the growing literature on domestic violence which addresses the special problems which racial, ethnic or cultural minority women might face in dealing with abuse from their partners. This paper examines and attempts to understand this gap in the research. It synthesizes the available information on abuse against women from a variety of minority groups, outlining some of the unique dilemmas faced by abused women of color and explaining why many of them may not be willing or able to make use of traditional helping agencies to escape their victimization.
Mitochondrial and Plasma Membrane Pools of Stomatin-Like Protein 2 Coalesce at the Immunological Synapse during T Cell Activation

Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) is a member of the stomatin – prohibitin – flotillin – HflC/K (SPFH) superfamily. Recent evidence indicates that SLP-2 is involved in the organization of cardiolipin-enriched microdomains in mitochondrial membranes and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In T cells, this role translates into enhanced T cell activation. Although the major pool of SLP-2 is associated with mitochondria, we show here that there is an additional pool of SLP-2 associated with the plasma membrane of T cells. Both plasma membrane-associated and mitochondria-associated pools of SLP-2 coalesce at the immunological synapse (IS) upon T cell activation. SLP-2 is not required for formation of IS nor for the re-localization of mitochondria to the IS because SLP-2-deficient T cells showed normal re-localization of these organelles in response to T cell activation. Interestingly, upon T cell activation, we found the surface pool of SLP-2 mostly excluded from the central supramolecular activation complex, and enriched in the peripheral area of the IS where signalling TCR microclusters are located. Based on these results, we propose that SLP-2 facilitates the compartmentalization not only of mitochondrial membranes but also of the plasma membrane into functional microdomains. In this latter location, SLP-2 may facilitate the optimal assembly of TCR signalosome components. Our data also suggest that there may be a net exchange of membrane material between mitochondria and plasma membrane, explaining the presence of some mitochondrial proteins in the plasma membrane.
under Nontoxic Stress Condition MAPK Regulates IL-4 Production in BMMC Selective Activation of Fyn/PI3K and p38

Barbara Frossi, Juan Rivera, Emilio Hirsch and Carlo Pucillohttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/4/2549J Immunol€2007; 178:2549-2555; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/4/2549.full#ref-list-1This article cites 40 articles, 13 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Multi view registration for novelty/background separation

We propose a system for the automatic segmentation of novelties from the background in scenarios where multiple images of the same environment are available e.g. obtained by wearable visual cameras. Our method finds the pixels in a query image corresponding to the underlying background environment by comparing it to reference images of the same scene. This is achieved despite the fact that all the images may have different viewpoints, significantly different illumination conditions and contain different objects - cars, people, bicycles, etc. - occluding the background. We estimate the probability of each pixel, in the query image, belonging to the background by computing its appearance inconsistency to the multiple reference images. We then, produce multiple segmentations of the query image using an iterated graph cuts algorithm, initializing from these estimated probabilities and consecutively combine these segmentations to come up with a final segmentation of the background. Detection of the background in turn highlights the novel pixels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a challenging outdoors data set.
Longitudinal Changes of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Semantic Dementia

Background: Semantic dementia (SD). Objective: To identify the pattern of decline of cerebral glucose metabolism in SD using cerebral 18F-fluoro-2-desoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scanning (18F-FDG-PET). Methods: Eight patients with SD underwent 18F-FDG-PET at baseline and at re-examination in average 15 months later. Results: Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with SD showed a significant asymmetrical (left > right) hypometabolism of the temporal lobes, particularly of the anterior poles, at baseline. At follow-up, we observed a deterioration of cognitive abilities. However, in addition to the temporal lobes no other cortical or subcortical region showed a significant reduction of glucose metabolism except the anterior cingulate cortex (pcorr < 0.05). Conclusion: Subtle functional changes suffice to produce significant neuropsycho- logical deterioration.