Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Divorce and Family Structure in Norway: Associations With Adolescent Mental Health

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the association between family structure and adolecent mental health, after the considerable increase in divorced parents choosing joint physical custody (JPC) in Norway. Data stem from the youth@hordaland study, a population-based survey conducted in Norway in 2012. A total of 7,707 adolescents (47% male) 16 to 19 years old were included in this study. The adolescents were classified into 6 family structures. Mental health was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). No significant differences between nondivorced families (reference) and JPC were observed. Adolescents from single-parent and stepfather families scored significantly higher on all 3 SDQ scales, and adolescents from stepmother families scored significantly higher on the SDQ total and SDQ externalizing scales. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that adolescents living in JPC did not have more adjustment problems compared to their peers living in nondivorced families.
Comparison of Intervention Strategies Based on Experimental Analysis, Descriptive Analysis, and Reinforcer Assessment in Addressing Off-Task Classroom Behaviors.

VI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Descriptive Analysis Experimental Analysis Reinforcer Assessment Treatment Utility . Purpose of the Present Study 6 14 26 31 33 CHAPTER 3: METHOD Overview Subjects Setting and Materials Response Definitions Measurement Teacher Training . Phase 1: Phase H: Phase HE: Phase IV: Phase V: Descriptive Analysis Experimental Analysis Reinforcer Assessment Hypothesis Formation and Intervention Development. Treatment Validation 35 35 37 38 39 42 42 44 47 48 51 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS Erica . Jerry . Billy . Ricky . Ralph Figure Caption Reinforcer Survey Results Rehability Acceptabihty 53 57 61 64 68 72 80 84 86
Highly Automated Driving, Secondary Task Performance, and Driver State

Objective: A driving simulator study compared the effect of changes in workload on performance in manual and highly automated driving. Changes in driver state were also observed by examining variations in blink patterns. Background: With the addition of a greater number of advanced driver assistance systems in vehicles, the driver’s role is likely to alter in the future from an operator in manual driving to a supervisor of highly automated cars. Understanding the implications of such advancements on drivers and road safety is important. Method: A total of 50 participants were recruited for this study and drove the simulator in both manual and highly automated mode. As well as comparing the effect of adjustments in driving-related workload on performance, the effect of a secondary Twenty Questions Task was also investigated. Results: In the absence of the secondary task, drivers’ response to critical incidents was similar in manual and highly automated driving conditions. The worst performance was observed when drivers were required to regain control of driving in the automated mode while distracted by the secondary task. Blink frequency patterns were more consistent for manual than automated driving but were generally suppressed during conditions of high workload. Conclusion: Highly automated driving did not have a deleterious effect on driver performance, when attention was not diverted to the distracting secondary task. Application: As the number of systems implemented in cars increases, an understanding of the implications of such automation on drivers’ situation awareness, workload, and ability to remain engaged with the driving task is important.
Solving Dense Image Matching in Real-Time using Discrete-Continuous Optimization

Dense image matching is a fundamental low-level problem in Computer Vision, which has received tremendous attention from both discrete and continuous optimization communities. The goal of this paper is to combine the advantages of discrete and continuous optimization in a coherent framework. We devise a model based on energy minimization, to be optimized by both discrete and continuous algorithms in a consistent way. In the discrete setting, we propose a novel optimization algorithm that can be massively parallelized. In the continuous setting we tackle the problem of non-convex regularizers by a formulation based on differences of convex functions. The resulting hybrid discrete-continuous algorithm can be efficiently accelerated by modern GPUs and we demonstrate its real-time performance for the applications of dense stereo matching and optical flow.
A Phenomenological Investigation of Pharmacists' Experiences, Motivation, and Preferences in the Context of Continuing Pharmacy Education.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe select Tennessee pharmacists’ experiences, motivation, and preferences in the context of continuing pharmacy education (CPE). The pharmacists’ experiences, motivation, and preferences related to CPE were generally defined as participating in CPE programming in a manner that meets the needs of the pharmacist. Also, select pharmacists were defined as pharmacists with at least six hours of continuing pharmacy education credit within the last year. This study explored how 12 pharmacist participants in Tennessee experienced CPE as well as what motivated them to attend CPE activities. Additionally, the study investigated pharmacists’ preferences in relation to CPE delivery methods. Individual interviews, virtual focus groups, and journal assignments were used to collect data. Data were analyzed via memoing, open-coding, transcendental phenomenological analysis, and via the analysis of emerging themes. The following research questions were explored: (1) How do select pharmacists describe their experiences with CPE in Tennessee? (2) What reasons do participants describe as their motivation to attend CPE activities? (3) In terms of design and delivery, what preferences do participants have in relation to CPE activities? (4) How do participants describe the impact of CPE on pharmacy practice? The major themes that emerged as a part of the investigation of pharmacists’ experiences, motivation, and preferences in the context of continuing pharmacy education were (a) Impact on Patients’ Lives, (b) Networking Opportunities (c) Licensure and Certification Requirements and (d) Increasing Knowledge. The results of this study will hopefully guide leaders in the profession of pharmacy as they develop new models for CPE and pharmacists as they seek to gain knowledge to improve the practice of pharmacy.
High-speed microfabricated silicon turbomachinery and fluid film bearings

A single-crystal silicon micromachined air turbine supported on gas-lubricated bearings has been operated in a controlled and sustained manner at rotational speeds greater than 1 million revolutions per minute, with mechanical power levels approaching 5 W. The device is formed from a fusion bonded stack of five silicon wafers individually patterned on both sides using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). It consists of a single stage radial inflow turbine on a 4.2-mm diameter rotor that is supported on externally pressurized hydrostatic journal and thrust bearings. This work presents the design, fabrication, and testing of the first microfabricated rotors to operate at circumferential tip speeds up to 300 m/s, on the order of conventional high performance turbomachinery. Successful operation of this device motivates the use of silicon micromachined high-speed rotating machinery for power microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications such as portable energy conversion, micropropulsion, and microfluidic pumping and cooling.
Automatic generation of oracles for exceptional behaviors

Test suites should test exceptional behavior to detect faults in error-handling code. However, manually-written test suites tend to neglect exceptional behavior. Automatically-generated test suites, on the other hand, lack test oracles that verify whether runtime exceptions are the expected behavior of the code under test. This paper proposes a technique that automatically creates test oracles for exceptional behaviors from Javadoc comments. The technique uses a combination of natural language processing and run-time instrumentation. Our implementation, Toradocu, can be combined with a test input generation tool. Our experimental evaluation shows that Toradocu improves the fault-finding effectiveness of EvoSuite and Randoop test suites by 8% and 16% respectively, and reduces EvoSuite’s false positives by 33%.
A Mixed-Method Approach to Interpersonal Trust Research

The increased use of quantitative and qualitative research methods in social sciences has open the possibility of effectively using a mixed-method design in a PhD thesis on trust in the context of a multiethnic society. Recent studies on trust in ethnically diverse societies rely solely on quantitative data (Nannestad, Svendsen, & Svendsen, 2008; Putnam, 2007; Stolle, Soroka, & Johnston, 2008), missing out on the methodological and conceptual value that personal narratives and participant observation have by providing new insights and meaningful information on the complexities of trust and ethnic diversity. This paper will examine if, by applying the most suitable parts of both the quantitative approach (based on survey measures of interpersonal trust), and the qualitative approach (built on the lived experiences of second-generation migrants extracted from interviews and participant observation), we would be able to develop a more comprehensive and explanatory narrative of trust in a multiethnic society. Many disciplines in the social sciences have successfully employed mixed-method research in their research designs, data collection and interpretation. These include studies on quality of life (Dunning, Williams, Abonyi, & Crooks, 2008), population geography (Graham, 1999), neighbourhood constructs (Nicotera, 2008), family (Perlesz & Lindsay, 2003) and ethnography (Fry, Chantavanich, & Chantavanich, 1981). The researchers implementing these types of research projects need to take into account the challenges derived from integrating different methods of data collection and analysis. They are studies that generally require more time and resources than single method studies, and they may also raise problems at the time of analysing and interpreting the data.
Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo by a Novel Benzoxaborole

Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Targeting the cytokine environment has proven efficient for averting inflammation. In this study, we reported that 6-[4-(aminomethyl)-2-chlorophenoxyl]benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol (AN3485), a benzoxaborole analog, inhibited TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, and TLR5-mediated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 release from human PBMCs and isolated monocytes with IC50 values ranging from 18 to 580 nM, and the inhibition was mediated at the transcriptional level. Topical administration of AN3485 significantly reduced PMA-induced contact dermatitis and oxazolone-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice, indicating its capability of penetrating skin and potential topical application in skin inflammation. Oral administration of AN3485 showed dose-dependent suppression of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in mice with an ED90 of 30 mg/kg. Oral AN3485, 35 mg/kg, twice a day, suppressed collagen-induced arthritis in mice over a 20-day period. The potent anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro and in vivo disease models makes AN3485 an attractive therapeutic lead for a variety of cutaneous and systemic inflammatory diseases.
Expectation maximization over binary decision diagrams for probabilistic logic programs

Recently much work in Machine Learning has concentrated on using expressive representation languages that combine aspects of logic and probability. A whole field has emerged, called Statistical Relational Learning, rich of successful applications in a variety of domains. In this paper we present a Machine Learning technique targeted to Probabilistic Logic Programs, a family of formalisms where uncertainty is represented using Logic Programming tools. Among various proposals for Probabilistic Logic Programming, the one based on the distribution semantics is gaining popularity and is the basis for languages such as ICL, PRISM, ProbLog and Logic Programs with Annotated Disjunctions. This paper proposes a technique for learning parameters of these languages. Since their equivalent Bayesian networks contain hidden variables, an Expectation Maximization EM algorithm is adopted. In order to speed the computation up, expectations are computed directly on the Binary Decision Diagrams that are built for inference. The resulting system, called EMBLEM for "EM over Bdds for probabilistic Logic programs Efficient Mining", has been applied to a number of datasets and showed good performances both in terms of speed and memory usage. In particular its speed allows the execution of a high number of restarts, resulting in good quality of the solutions.
Ion conduction and conformational flexibility of a bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel

Significance Voltage-gated sodium channels are one of the most fundamental electrical components in the nervous system and are key targets for local anesthesia and therapeutics for neurological and cardiac disorders. We have used multimicrosecond simulations to provide molecular-level descriptions of sodium channel function. We describe an almost barrier-less three-ion conduction mechanism involving competing knock-on and “pass-by” processes, intimately linked to signature glutamate ring protonation and structural isomerizations. These simulations have uncovered a high degree of protein flexibility, with conformational fluctuations in the pore domain involving residues central to slow-type inactivation, leading to gate collapse, helix bending, filter disruption, and changes in lipid-facing fenestrations linked to Nav drug pathways. Voltage-gated Na+ channels play an essential role in electrical signaling in the nervous system and are key pharmacological targets for a range of disorders. The recent solution of X-ray structures for the bacterial channel NavAb has provided an opportunity to study functional mechanisms at the atomic level. This channel’s selectivity filter exhibits an EEEE ring sequence, characteristic of mammalian Ca2+, not Na+, channels. This raises the fundamentally important question: just what makes a Na+ channel conduct Na+ ions? Here we explore ion permeation on multimicrosecond timescales using the purpose-built Anton supercomputer. We isolate the likely protonation states of the EEEE ring and observe a striking flexibility of the filter that demonstrates the necessity for extended simulations to study conduction in this channel. We construct free energy maps to reveal complex multi-ion conduction via knock-on and “pass-by” mechanisms, involving concerted ion and glutamate side chain movements. Simulations in mixed ionic solutions reveal relative energetics for Na+, K+, and Ca2+ within the pore that are consistent with the modest selectivity seen experimentally. We have observed conformational changes in the pore domain leading to asymmetrical collapses of the activation gate, similar to proposed inactivated structures of NavAb, with helix bending involving conserved residues that are critical for slow inactivation. These structural changes are shown to regulate access to fenestrations suggested to be pathways for lipophilic drugs and provide deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms connecting drug activity and slow inactivation.
Effects of Radar Beam Shielding on Rainfall Estimation for the Polarimetric C-Band Radar

Radar reflectivity (Zh), differential reflectivity (Zdr), and specific differential phase (Kdp) measured from the operational, polarimetric weather radar located in Trappes, France, were used to examine the effects of radar beam shielding on rainfall estimation. The objective of this study is to investigate the degree of immunity of Kdp-based rainfall estimates to beam shielding for C-band radar data during four typical rain events encountered in Europe. The rain events include two cold frontal rainbands with average rainfall rates of 7 and 17 mm h 1 , respectively, and two summertime convective rain events with average rainfall rates of 11 and 22 mm h 1 . The large effects of beam shielding on rainfall accumulation were observed for algorithms using Zh and Zdr with differences of up to 2 dB (40%) compared to a Kdp-based algorithm over a power loss range of 0–8 dB. This analysis reveals that Zdr and Kdp are not affected by partial beam shielding. Standard reflectivity corrections based on the degree of beam shielding would have overestimated rainfall rates by up to 1.5 dB for less than 40% beam shielding and up to 3 dB for beam shielding less than 75%. The investigation also examined the sensitivity of beam shielding effects on rainfall rate estimation to (i) axis–ratio parameterization and drop size distribution, (ii) methods used to smooth profiles of differential propagation phase (dp) and estimate Kdp, and (iii) event-to-event variability. Although rainfall estimates were sensitive to drop size distribution and axis–ratio parameterization, differences between Zh- and Kdp-based rainfall rates increased independently from those parameters with amount of shielding. Different approaches to smoothing dp profiles and estimating Kdp were examined and showed little impact on results.
A Bayesian Approach to Uncertainty Aversion

The Ellsberg paradox demonstrates that people's belief over uncertain events might not be representable by subjective probability. We argue that Uncertainty Aversion may be viewed as a case of "Rule Rationality''. This paradigm claims that people's decision making has evolved to simple rules that perform well in most regular environments. Such an environment consists of replicas of some basic singular circumstance. When the rule is applied to a singular environment, the behavior may seem paradoxical. We claim that the regular environment in which decisions under uncertainty take place, is described by one decision that spans multiple ambiguous risks, which are positively correlated. We show that when a risk averse individual has a Bayesian prior and uses a rule, which is optimal for the regular ambiguous environment, to evaluate a singular vague circumstance - his behavior will exhibit uncertainty aversion. Thus, the behavior predicted by Ellsberg may be explained within the Bayesian expected utility paradigm.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CURRENTLY USED MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION SOFTWARE

إ ةيرهجملا جماربلا لمشي اذهو ،ةيرورملا ةآرحلا ةاآاحم جمارب روطت يف مهاس ةيتامولعملا ايجولونكتلا يف ريبكلا مدقتلا ن ) Microscopic ( ، نلا ىلع بلطلا ةاآاحم اضيأ لمشي نايحلأا ضعب يفو ، تاعطاقتو قرط نم اهيف امب لقنلا ةموظنم ةاآاحمب حمسيل يللآا بساحلا تاقيبطت قاطنو لق . ةيرهجملا ةيرورملا ةآرحلا ةاآاحم جمارب نيب نراقتو عجارت ةقرولا هذهو ) Microscopic ( ةيلومشلاو ) Macroscopic ( فلاتخلاا هجوأ ىلع ةزآرم ولتلا ريدقت ىلإ ةفاضإ ، ةظتكملا ةيرضحلا قرطلا ةكبشو ةرحلا قرطلا ىلع ةآرحلا ةاآاحم يف اهمادختسا دنع جماربلا هذه نيب هباشتلاو يئيبلا ث قرطلل ةيباعيتسلاا ةقاطلاو رخأتلا ةنمزأ باسحو . جماربلا نأ نيبت دقو AIMSUN و CORSIM و VISSIM ةينايرشلاو ةرحلا قرطلل ةبسانم ةيحطسلا قرطلا نم تاكبشب ةلصتم ةرح قرط نم نوكتت يتلا قرطلا تاكبش ىلإ ةفاضإ ، ةظتكملا . جمانرب نأ تبث دقو AIMSUN يف لضفم تاكبش جماربلا نأ امآ ةريبكلا ةيرضحلا قرطلا AIMSUM و PARAMICS و INTEGRATION و CORSIM ةمظنأ يف ةدئافو ةمءلام رثآأ ةيآذلا لقنلا . جمانربلا ريوطت مت دقو MITSIMLab ةيآذلا لقنلا ةمظنلأ ايرصح . جمارب ةعومجم نإ TRAF و HUTSIM ةيرورملا ةآرحلا يآاحت نلأ يلومشلا ىوتسملا ىلع اهتاآاحمو ةيرورملا ةآرحلا لآاشم لحل ايلعافت ةاآاحملا جمارب نم ددع عم اهمادختسا نكمي ثيح لقنلا ةمظ . مادختسا نإ نم دآأتلاو ةرياعم نأ لاإ ةيدوعسلا ةيبرعلا ةكلمملا يف نلآا ىلإ قثوي مل ةيحطس قرطب ةلصتملا ةرحلا قرطلا نم ةكبشل ةيرورملا ةاآاحملا جمارب ارب ةيحلاص ةيلحملا تاساردلا نم ددع يف مت ةدح ىلع لاآ ةيحطسلا قرطلاو ةرحلا قرطلل ةاآاحملا جم .
Virulence genes detection of Salmonella serovars isolated from pork and slaughterhouse environment in Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Aim: The aim was to detect virulence gene associated with the Salmonella serovars isolated from pork and Slaughterhouse environment. Materials and Methods: Salmonella isolates (n=37) used in this study were isolated from 270 pork and slaughter house environmental samples collected from the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Slaughter House, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Salmonella serovars were isolated and identified as per BAM USFDA method and serotyped at National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh, India). Polymerase chain reaction technique was used for detection of five genes, namely invA, spvR, spvC, fimA and stn among different serovars of Salmonella. Results: Out of a total of 270 samples, 37 (13.70%) Salmonella were isolated with two serovars, namely Enteritidis and Typhimurium. All Salmonella serovars produced 284 bp invA gene, 84 bp fimA and 260 bp amplicon for enterotoxin (stn) gene whereas 30 isolates possessed 310 bp spvR gene, but no isolate possessed spvC gene. Conclusion: Presence of invA, fimA and stn gene in all isolates shows that they are the specific targets for Salmonella identification and are capable of producing gastroenteric illness to humans, whereas 20 Typhimurium serovars and 10 Enteritidis serovars can able to produce systemic infection.
Graded Causation and Defaults

Recent work in psychology and experimental philosophy has shown that judgments of actual causation are often influenced by consideration of defaults, typicality, and normality. A number of philosophers and computer scientists have also suggested that an appeal to such factors can help deal with problems facing existing accounts of actual causation. This article develops a flexible formal framework for incorporating defaults, typicality, and normality into an account of actual causation. The resulting account takes actual causation to be both graded and comparative. We then show how our account would handle a number of standard cases. 1 Introduction 2 Causal Models 3 The HP Definition of Actual Causation 4 The Problem of Isomorphism 5 Defaults, Typicality, and Normality 6 Extended Causal Models 7 Examples 7.1 Omissions 7.2 Knobe effects 7.3 Causes versus background conditions 7.4 Bogus prevention 7.5 Causal chains 7.6 Legal doctrines of intervening causes 7.7 Pre-emption and short circuits 8 Conclusion 1 Introduction 2 Causal Models 3 The HP Definition of Actual Causation 4 The Problem of Isomorphism 5 Defaults, Typicality, and Normality 6 Extended Causal Models 7 Examples 7.1 Omissions 7.2 Knobe effects 7.3 Causes versus background conditions 7.4 Bogus prevention 7.5 Causal chains 7.6 Legal doctrines of intervening causes 7.7 Pre-emption and short circuits 7.1 Omissions 7.2 Knobe effects 7.3 Causes versus background conditions 7.4 Bogus prevention 7.5 Causal chains 7.6 Legal doctrines of intervening causes 7.7 Pre-emption and short circuits 8 Conclusion