Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orthogonality factor in WCDMA downlinks in urban macrocellular environments

Multipath dispersion leads to the loss of orthogonality between signals transmitted simultaneously on a wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) downlink. The orthogonality factor (OF), which models its impact in the link signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) equation, depends - to a large extent - on the power delay profile of the multipath channel between the mobile and its serving base station. We use the comprehensive and general COST259 channel model for urban cellular environments to evaluate the impact on the OF of multipath clusters and distance-dependence of the multipath delay decay time constant, both of which have been observed in several channel measurements. The observed large standard deviation of the OF indicates that using a single value for all users in downlink capacity analyses and simulations, as has been the practice, may lead to erroneous conclusions. We also propose an empirical model to analytically characterize the observed statistics of the OF
Ocular Surface APCs Are Necessary for Autoreactive T Cell-Mediated Experimental Autoimmune Lacrimal Keratoconjunctivitis

As specialized sentinels between the innate and adaptive immune response, APCs are essential for activation of Ag-specific lymphocytes, pathogen clearance, and generation of immunological memory. The process is tightly regulated; however, excessive or atypical stimuli may ignite activation of APCs in a way that allows self-Ag presentation to autoreactive T cells in the context of the necessary costimulatory signals, ultimately resulting in autoimmunity. Studies in both animal models and patients suggest that dry eye is a chronic CD4+ T cell-mediated ocular surface autoimmune-based inflammatory disease. Using a desiccating stress-induced mouse model of dry eye, we establish the fundamental role of APCs for both the generation and maintenance of ocular-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Subconjunctival administration of liposome-encapsulated clodronate efficiently diminished resident ocular surface APCs, inhibited the generation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells, and blocked their ability to cause disease. APC-dependent CD4+ T cell activation required intact draining cervical lymph nodes, as cervical lymphadenectomy also inhibited CD4+ T cell-mediated dry eye disease. In addition, local depletion of peripheral conjunctival APCs blocked the ability of dry eye-specific CD4+ T cells to accumulate within the ocular surface tissues, suggesting that fully primed and targeted dry eye-specific CD4+ T cells require secondary activation by resident ocular surface APCs for maintenance and effector function. These data demonstrate that APCs are necessary for the initiation and development of experimental dry eye and support the standing hypothesis that dry eye is a self-Ag–driven autoimmune disease.
Impact of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type 1 Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, and HER2 Expressions on Outcomes of Patients with Gastric Cancer

Purpose: Expression levels of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-IR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and HER2 expressions have been linked to clinical outcomes in several solid tumors. However, the clinical significance of these biomarkers in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study was designed to delineate the clinical implications of these three biomarkers in GC. Experimental Design: The study group comprised 87 patients who underwent gastrectomy at National Cancer Center Hospital and subsequently received chemotherapy for recurrent or residual tumors. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we analyzed the expressions of IGF-IR, EGFR, and HER2 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of surgically removed primary tumors. Results: IGF-IR expression (defined as >10% membranous staining) was found in 67 tumors (77%), EGFR expression in 55 (63%), and HER2 expression in 16 (18%). Positive coexpression of IGF-IR and EGFR was found in 48 tumors (55%), that of IGF-IR and HER2 in 16 (18%), and that of EGFR and HER2 in 13 (15%). Multivariate survival analysis showed that IGF-IR–positive expression [hazard ratio (HR) 2.14, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20-3.82; P = 0.01], performance status 1 or 2 (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.15-2.91; P = 0.01), and diffuse type tumors (HR 1.71; 95% CI 1.08-2.70; P = 0.02) were significant predictors of poor survival. Conclusions: IGF-IR expression in surgical GC specimens, poor performance status, and diffuse type tumors are significant predictors of poor outcomes in patients with GC. Our data suggest that anti–IGF-IR strategies may prove valuable in such patients.
Learning to Extract Genic Interactions Using Gleaner

We explore here the application of Gleaner, an Inductive Logic Programming approach to learning in highly-skewed domains, to the Learning Language in Logic 2005 biomedical information-extraction challenge task. We create and describe a large number of background knowledge predicates suited for this task. We nd that Gleaner outperforms standard Aleph theories with respect to recall and that additional linguistic background knowledge improves recall.
Understanding Middle School Students’ Difficulties in Explaining Density Differences from a Language Perspective

This study examines how a class of Grade 7 students employed linguistic resources to explain density differences. Drawing from the same data-set as a previous study by, we take a language perspective to investigate the challenges students face in learning the concept of density. Our study thus complements previous research on learning about density which has mostly focussed on the conceptual challenges. The data consist of transcripts of lessons on density and students’ written assignments. Using selected analytical categories from the Systemic Functional Linguistics framework, we first examined students’ use of linguistic resources in their written reports of a practical activity. We then compared the language employed by the students with the instructional language, identifying possible links. Our analysis identified specific aspects of language that the students need to appropriate in order to express an understanding of density that aligns with a scientific perspective. The findings from this study illuminate ways by which teachers could assist students in overcoming the linguistic challenges in explaining density differences, which complement those made by existing studies that focus on conceptual challenges.
Censorship in the name of ethics: critical public health research in the age of human subjects regulation

Today, all authors who submit a manuscript to Critical Public Health must confirm that their research meets certain ethical guidelines and legal requirements. The journal is certainly not alone in requiring this confirmation. Identical statements – or slight variations thereof – can be found in the submission process of countless academic journals. In fact, the question has become so commonplace that most of us barely register it. Taken at face value, the requested confirmation makes sense; journal editors naturally want to ensure they publish ethical research. But what does this actually have to do with ‘meeting ethical guidelines’ and ‘legal requirements’? After all, what is ethical and what is legal are not always congruent. Moreover, numerous observers assert a difference (a radical disjuncture, even) between ‘procedural’ ethics and ‘real’ ethics on the ground. The importation of this question into journal submission processes can be traced to the Committee on Publication Ethics (hereafter ‘COPE’). Formed in 1997, the committee initially consisted of a small group of UK medical journal editors, although it now boasts over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields. In some cases, journal editors actively joined the committee; in others, large publishing houses (including Taylor and Francis, the publisher of Critical Public Health) signed up their journals for COPE membership. Such membership requires that editors meet various international standards around editorial independence, confidentiality, conflicts of interest, suspicions of misconduct, and so on. For those who publish research involving humans, additional standards are required around ensuring ‘ethical oversight, appropriate consent procedures, and adherence to relevant laws’, with editors counseled to be ‘vigilant’ in this area (Kleinert and Wager 2011, 325). In many respects, the COPE requirements replicate a scenario we have seen play out time and again in the history of human subjects regulation, wherein frameworks developed to deal specifically with medical studies are transposed to all research – and then implemented wholesale via administrative fiat (Schrag 2010; Shweder 2006). In this editorial, we consider the implications of this expansion of human subjects regulation and its growing enmeshment with other forms of research governance. Although this is rather well-trodden ground, we appear to be in the midst of an important historical moment in which critiques of the prevailing regimes have borne some fruit. We therefore hope that this editorial will generate further discussion about the distinctive issues that social scientists working in the area of critical public health grapple with in
Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Digestive Cancers : Is it Useful ? The Experience of a Third World Low-Volume Institute After 70 Consecutives Cases

Aim of the Study: Despite the availability of high quality imaging modalities, 25-40% of patients who underwent a laparotomy for digestive cancer could not be resected, with non-resectability identified only during laparotomy. This prevalence is higher in developing countries due to lack of adequate radiographic devices. This study was undertaken to assess the value of diagnostic laparoscopy in the management of digestive cancers in Cameroon, a poor setting. Patients and Methods: From January 2010 to January 2016, a consecutive cohort of patients with gastro-intestinal tract malignancies who had undergone a diagnostic laparoscopy at our institution was queried prospectively. Results: A total of 70 procedures were recorded among whom 25 (35.71%) diagnostic laparoscopy (DL), 5(7.14%) staging laparoscopy (SL) and 40 (57.15%) laparoscopy first (LF). During DL, 44% of the suspected preoperative organ wasn’t confirmed and the diagnosis was finally benign in 36.36%. After SL, the radiographic staging wasn’t confirmed in 60% of the cases. During LF, contra-indications of curative surgery were found in 20% and 62.5% of patients eligible to resection were managed through laparoscopy-assisted approach with a morbidity rate of 5.2%. Conclusion: The present analysis supports the useful of diagnostic laparoscopy in the management of patients with digestive cancers in a developing country.
The Nature of Leadership

PART i: INTRODUCTION Chapter 1: Leadership: Past, Present, and Future - David V. Day & John Antonakis PART II: LEADERSHIP: SCIENCE, NATURE, AND NURTURE Chapter 2: Aggregation processes and Levels of Analysis as Organizing Structures for Leadership Theory - Robert G. Lord & Jessica E. Dinh Chapter 3: Advances in Leadership Research Methods - Michael J. Zyphur, Adam P. Barsky, & Zhen Zhang Chapter 4: The Nature of Leadership Development - David V. Day Chapter 5: The Nature in Leadership: Evolutionary, Biological, and Social Neuroscience Perspectives - Mark Van Vugt PART III: THE MAJOR SCHOOLS OF LEADERSHIP Chapter 6: Individual Differences in Leadership - Timothy A. Judge & David M. Long Chapter 7: Contingencies, Context, Situation, and Leadership - Roya Ayman & Susan Adams Chapter 8: Transformational and Charismatic Leadership - John Antonakis Chapter 9: The Nature of Relational Leadership: A Multi-Theoretical Lens on Leadership Relationships and Processes - Mary Uhl-Bien, John Maslyn, & Sonia Ospina Chapter 10: In the Minds of Followers: Follower-centric Approaches to Leadership - Douglas J. Brown Chapter 11: The Nature of Shared Leadership - Christina L. Wassenaar & Craig L. Pearce PART IV: LEADERSHIP AND SPECIAL DOMAINS Chapter 12: Leadership and Culture - Deanne N. Den Hartog & Marcus W. Dickson Chapter 13: Leadership and Gender - Linda L. Carli & Alice H. Eagly Chapter 14: Leadership and Identity - Daan van Knippenberg Chapter 15: Ethics Effectiveness: The Nature of Good Leadership - Joanne B. Ciulla PART V: CONCLUSIONS Chapter 16: The Crucibles of Authentic Leadership - Warren Bennis
Depolymerization dynamics of individual filaments of bacterial cytoskeletal protein FtsZ

We report observation and analysis of the depolymerization filaments of the bacterial cytoskeletal protein FtsZ (filament temperature-sensitive Z) formed on a mica surface. At low concentration, proteins adsorbed on the surface polymerize forming curved filaments that close into rings that remain stable for some time before opening irreversibly and fully depolymerizing. The distribution of ring lifetimes (T) as a function of length (N), shows that the rate of ring aperture correlates with filament length. If this ring lifetime is expressed as a bond survival time, (Tb ≡ NT), this correlation is abolished, indicating that these rupture events occur randomly and independently at each monomer interface. After rings open irreversibly, depolymerization of the remaining filaments is fast, but can be slowed down and followed using a nonhydrolyzing GTP analogue. The histogram of depolymerization velocities of individual filaments has an asymmetric distribution that can be fit with a computer model that assumes two rupture rates, a slow one similar to the one observed for ring aperture, affecting monomers in the central part of the filaments, and a faster one affecting monomers closer to the open ends. From the quantitative analysis, we conclude that the depolymerization rate is affected both by nucleotide hydrolysis rate and by its exchange along the filament, that all monomer interfaces are equally competent for hydrolysis, although depolymerization is faster at the open ends than in central filament regions, and that all monomer–monomer interactions, regardless of the nucleotide present, can adopt a curved configuration.
Dimensionality of the California Preschool Social Competency Scale

The structure and construct validity of the Cali fornia Preschool Social Competency Scale as used with disadvantaged children ( N = 1,723) in New York State was investigated through factor analysis. Five factors were extracted and interpreted as (1) Considerateness; (2) Extraversion; (3) Task Orienta tion; (4) Verbal Facility; and (5) Response to the Unfamiliar. The first three of these were found to be empirically similar to the three dimensions of the Classroom Behavior Inventory. These three fac tors plus the fourth, Verbal Facility, appeared to be conceptually similar to factors isolated in a number of other research-based social competency scales.
Addressing Readiness to Change PTSD with a Brief Intervention

Abstract Poor response to PTSD treatment and the disorder's chronicity among combat veterans may at least partly be due to ambivalence about the need to change PTSD symptoms and related problems. The PTSD Motivation Enhancement (ME) Group described in this article was developed to address problem acknowledgement among veterans in treatment for PTSD. This manualized, brief therapy intervention is conceptually based on the Stages of Change and draws on Motivational Interviewing techniques. The goal of the PTSD ME Group is to help patients make decisions about the need to change any behaviors and coping styles not previously recognized as problematic so that patients will perceive PTSD intervention components as more relevant, thereby fostering greater engagement in treatment and more adaptive post-treatment coping. The authors discuss theory and research findings related to the group, the structure and content of the intervention, and important clinical issues to consider when implementing the group.
Negative emotional responses to motherhood-related support receipt during pregnancy predict postpartum depressive symptoms

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Prenatal stress increases risk for postpartum depression. While social support availability may attenuate this risk, little research has examined support receipt during pregnancy, which has been linked to increased distress in other domains. This study assesses the implications of motherhood-related and motherhood-unrelated support receipt for daily distress during pregnancy and tests whether negative responsiveness to motherhood-related support predicts postpartum depression risk. Design and Method: Thirty-one pregnant women were recruited from the community for a 3-wave study (beginning at approximately 26 weeks gestation, 34 weeks gestation, and 4 weeks postpartum). Each wave included a survey of general characteristics (e.g. depressive symptoms) and a two-week diary period measuring mood, stress, and support. Results: A multilevel model analysis suggested that motherhood-related support predicted greater increases in daily distress than motherhood-unrelated support. Follow-up regression analysis showed that those who responded more negatively to motherhood-related support reported higher postpartum depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Although preliminary due to the sample size, the results suggest that how women interpret and respond to support may contribute to postpartum depression risk. Future research should focus on how mothers can more positively construe the support they receive in addition to how to increase the support available to them.
NONCONVEX EVOLUTION INCLUSIONS GENERATED BY TIME-DEPENDENT SUBDIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS

We consider nonlinear nonconvex evolution inclusions driven by time-varying subdifferentials 0(t,x) without assuming that (t,.) is of compact type. We show the existence of extremal solutions and then we prove a strong relaxation theorem. Moreover,r we show that under a Lipschitz condition on the orientor field, the solution set of the nonconvex problem is path-connected in C(T,H). These results are applied to nonlinear feedback control systems to derive nonlinear infinite dimensional versions of the "bang-bang principle. " The abstract results are illustrated by two examples of nonlinear parabolic problems and an example of a differential
Simultaneous Bayesian Recognition of Locomotion and Gait Phases With Wearable Sensors

Recognition of movement is a crucial process to assist humans in activities of daily living, such as walking. In this work, a high-level method for the simultaneous recognition of locomotion and gait phases using wearable sensors is presented. A Bayesian formulation is employed to iteratively accumulate evidence to reduce uncertainty, and to improve the recognition accuracy. This process uses a sequential analysis method to autonomously make decisions, whenever the recognition system perceives that there is enough evidence accumulated. We use data from three wearable sensors, attached to the thigh, shank, and foot of healthy humans. Level-ground walking, ramp ascent and descent activities are used for data collection and recognition. In addition, an approach for segmentation of the gait cycle for recognition of stance and swing phases is presented. Validation results show that the simultaneous Bayesian recognition method is capable to recognize walking activities and gait phases with mean accuracies of 99.87% and 99.20%. This process requires a mean of 25 and 13 sensor samples to make a decision for locomotion mode and gait phases, respectively. The recognition process is analyzed using different levels of confidence to show that our method is highly accurate, fast, and adaptable to specific requirements of accuracy and speed. Overall, the simultaneous Bayesian recognition method demonstrates its benefits for recognition using wearable sensors, which can be employed to provide reliable assistance to humans in their walking activities.
Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on pathology and cognition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Despite over 100 years of research, there is no cure for the disease. Thus, ways of preventing its onset and/or slowing its progression are of particular interest. Evidence from epidemiological and animal studies has suggested that dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may reduce the incidence of AD and, more specifically, attenuate P-amyloid (Ap) pathology and improve cognitive symptoms associated with the disease. However, the efficacy of such an intervention remains controversial. Some clinical trials and animal studies have shown limited or no effect of DHA supplementation on behaviour or pathology. Therefore, further research is required to test the hypothesis that dietary DHA supplementation improves cognition and alleviates Ap pathology. The strategy adopted in this thesis was to evaluate dietary DHA supplementation on cognition and pathology in a mouse model of p-amyloid pathology. Tg2576 transgenic mice (Tg), which overexpress the human APPswe mutation, and wild type littermates were fed a diet containing approximately 1.8% DHA or a control diet from the age of 4 months. The mice were tested at different times (8, 12 and 16 months of age) using two different spatial memory tasks. Lipid analyses were carried out on plasma and specific brain regions and the distribution of Ap was analysed using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the levels of DHA were increased in plasma and in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of DHA-fed mice. In addition, the brain lipid analysis showed that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a major phospholipid in brain, was one of the main DHA-containing phospholipids and was the phospholipid that was most clearly affected by dietary DHA and Ap pathology. However, long-term DHA supplementation had only a mild positive effect on learning and memory in the Tg mice. There was no statistically significant effect of DHA supplementation on the accumulation of soluble and insoluble Apl-40 and Apl-42 in the cortex and the hippocampus of Tg mice. These findings suggest that DHA may improve cognitive functions in Tg2576 mice, perhaps by reducing the inflammatory and oxidative effects caused by Ap, rather than reducing the accumulation of the Ap peptide per se and that PE may have a key role in this process.
Global Phylogenetics of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an Invasive Aphid Species: Evidence for Multiple Invasions Into North America

ABSTRACT The Russian wheat aphid, Diruaphis noxia. (Kudjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, Tritium aestivum L. , durum wheat, Triticum turgidum L. , and barley, Hordeum vulgare L. Several sources of D. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western United States since the first appearance of D. noxia in North America in 1986. Critical to the study of D. noxia and other invasive species is an understanding of the number and origin of invasions that have occurred, as well as the rate or potential of postinvasion adaptation and geographic range expansion. The goal of this study was to determine whether D. noxia biotypes are by-products of a single invasion or multiple invasions into North America. We used the genome-wide technique of amplified fragment length polymorphisms, in combination with 22 collections of D. noxia from around the world, to assess this question, as well as patterns of genetic divergence. We found multiple lines of evidence that there have been at least two D. noxia invasions of different origin into North America, each resulting in subsequent postinvasion diversification that has since yielded multiple biotypes.