Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Heterogeneity in Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Associations With Smoking Behavior

Objective: Previous research has indicated an association between smoking and depression in adolescents, although the nature of the relationship is controversial. We sought to understand this relationship better in a prospective study by investigating whether there are subpopulations of adolescents with different relationships between smoking and depressive symptoms. Methods: Our sample was 925 adolescents attending one of five Northern Virginia high schools, grades 9 to 12. We used General Growth Mixture Modeling as our method because it allowed identification and characterization of depressive symptoms trajectories and assessment of the effects of trajectory on 12th grade smoking. We defined the binary variable 12th grade current smoking as smoking on 1 or more of the past 30 days and more than 100 cigarettes smoked in a lifetime, versus not having smoked in the past 30 days. Results: We identified three trajectories: high, medium, and low depressive symptoms. For adolescents with high symptoms, 9th grade (baseline) smoking was associated with an overall deceleration of depressive symptoms, whereas for adolescents with moderate symptoms, baseline smoking was associated with an overall acceleration in depressive symptoms. Baseline smoking was not associated with rate of change in depressive symptoms for adolescents with low symptoms, nor was it associated with baseline depressive symptoms in any trajectory. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that there is a relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms in adolescents, and that the relationship can vary by developmental trajectory, suggesting etiological heterogeneity. GGMM = General Growth Mixture Modeling; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; GMM = Growth Mixture Modeling; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion; LMR LRT = Lo-Mendell-Rubin Likelihood Ratio; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Thorough static analysis of device drivers

Bugs in kernel-level device drivers cause 85% of the system crashes in the Windows XP operating system [44]. One of the sources of these errors is the complexity of the Windows driver API itself: programmers must master a complex set of rules about how to use the driver API in order to create drivers that are good clients of the kernel. We have built a static analysis engine that finds API usage errors in C programs. The Static Driver Verifier tool (SDV) uses this engine to find kernel API usage errors in a driver. SDV includes models of the OS and the environment of the device driver, and over sixty API usage rules. SDV is intended to be used by driver developers "out of the box. " Thus, it has stringent requirements: (1) complete automation with no input from the user; (2) a low rate of false errors. We discuss the techniques used in SDV to meet these requirements, and empirical results from running SDV on over one hundred Windows device drivers.
The effect of coherent stirring on the advection–condensation of water vapour

Atmospheric water vapour is an essential ingredient of weather and climate. The key features of its distribution can be represented by kinematic models which treat it as a passive scalar advected by a prescribed flow and reacting through condensation. Condensation acts as a sink that maintains specific humidity below a prescribed, space-dependent saturation value. To investigate how the interplay between large-scale advection, small-scale turbulence and condensation controls moisture distribution, we develop simple kinematic models which combine a single circulating flow with a Brownian-motion representation of turbulence. We first study the drying mechanism of a water-vapour anomaly released inside a vortex at an initial time. Next, we consider a cellular flow with a moisture source at a boundary. The statistically steady state attained shows features reminiscent of the Hadley cell such as boundary layers, a region of intense precipitation and a relative humidity minimum. Explicit results provide a detailed characterization of these features in the limit of strong flow.
Blind receivers for MSK signals transmitted through shallow water

In this paper, blind receivers for minimum shift keying signals transmitted through shallow water are proposed. After having introduced the modulation scheme and its favorable properties, two different blind receiver structures are studied. The first processing step in both cases is explicit non-data-aided timing recovery, a task that has often been neglected in other work. Then, joint blind adaptive multichannel equalization and phase recovery is performed. The adaptive setting of the equalizer is attained by either the constant modulus algorithm or a decision-directed approach. Both structures have been tested with measured shallow water data gathered during the ROBLINKS 1999 sea trial. The obtained results suggest MSK as a useful modulation scheme for underwater communications and demonstrate that completely blind processing of the received signals is possible.
The Artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari: A Morphometric Study for Superselective Catheterization

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari is an important infraclinoid branch of the internal cerebral artery. It is of neuroendovascular relevance in view of its supply to complex lesions such as meningiomas and arteriovenous malformations in the tentorial and falcotentorial regions. The present microanatomic study attempts a morphometric elucidation of this slender but important branch of the meningohypophyseal trunk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The origin, course, dimensions, and related variations of the tentorial artery were studied in 10 formalin-fixed human cadaveric sides. RESULTS: The tentorial artery originated from the meningohypophyseal trunk in all but 1 specimen, in which it arose directly from the intracavernous internal carotid artery. In 80% of specimens, it took origin as a single branch; as a bifurcation and trifurcation in 1 each. It was usually the terminal branch of the meningohypophyseal trunk (in 90%). In all, 5 distinct microvascular patterns were noted. The mean diameter of this artery was 0.7 mm (range, 0.3–0.8 mm; SD, ±0.1 mm). The mean length was 15.4 mm (range, 9–23 mm; SD, ±4.4 mm). Its mean distance from the origin of the meningohypophyseal trunk was 1.7 mm (range, 1.3–2.3 mm; SD, ±0.4 mm). The mean distance from the free edge of the tentorium was 3.7 mm (range, 3–5 mm; SD, ±0.7 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari is an important vascular conduit to myriad neoplasms and vascular malformations in the vicinity of the tentorium cerebelli. In this era of advanced microneurosurgical techniques and superselective endovascular interventions, morphometric knowledge of this artery is important for precise and safe management of these lesions.
The Politics of Monetary Policy

In this paper we critically review the literature on the political economy of monetary policy, with an eye on the questions raised by the recent financial crisis. We begin with a discussion of rules versus discretion. We then examine the issue of Central Banks independence both in normal times, in times of crisis. Then we review the literature of electoral manipulation of policies. Finally we address international institutional issues concerning the feasibility, optimality and political sustainability of currency unions in which more than one country share the same currency. A brief review of the Euro experience concludes the paper.
An Equivalent Circuit Model of FSS-Based Metamaterial Absorber Using Coupled Line Theory

An equivalent circuit model of an ultra-thin metamaterial absorber comprising a square-ring-shaped frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented. The model can be considered as series RLC resonators connected in parallel with coupling capacitance and short-circuited transmission line. The even- and odd-mode couplings have been incorporated to accurately determine the lumped parameters as well as the absorption frequency of the absorber structure. The effects of substrate thickness and dielectric permittivity variation on the lumped parameters and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth are investigated based on the proposed model. The absorber has been fabricated, and close matching among the calculated, simulated, and measured results has been observed.
Borrelia crocidurae Infection in Acutely Febrile Patients, Senegal

As malaria cases in Africa decline, other causes of acute febrile illness are being explored. To determine incidence of Borrelia crocidurae infection during June 2010–October 2011, we collected 1,566 blood specimens from febrile patients in Senegal. Incidence was high (7.3%). New treatment strategies, possibly doxycycline, might be indicated for febrile patients.
Discriminative Models and Training Methods For Statistical Machine Translation

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) has been the dominant avor of Machine Translation (MT) over the last decade. Traditional SMT systems have a pipeline structure in which di erent kinds of Machine Learning models are employed in di erent stages. For the translation modeling, most state of the art systems use hybrid models that combine a handful of generative models in a discriminative framework. The generative models are estimated over large amounts of parallel data and are used as features in a log-linear model which scales them to get good translation performance. Unfortunately, these models don't scale well with the number of features. As a result, the main advantage of discriminative models, the use of millions of arbitrary features capturing ne grained properties of data, is given up. One approach to solve this problem is nbest re-ranking on top of a base model, that has proved successful in Natural Language Parsing. Other option is to have purely discriminative translation models that can train directly on the parallel bilingual data and employ any arbitrary feature. This survey primarily focuses on the second approach but provides pointers to the recent work on both re-ranking and more traditional hybrid models. We cover the purely discriminative models described in literature and outline the major obstacles that must be overcome before these models can perform comparable and better than the current state of the art systems.
Endoscopic Repair of Gluteus Medius Tendon Tears of the Hip

Background Tears of the gluteus medius tendon at the greater trochanter have been termed “rotator cuff tears of the hip. ” Previous reports have described the open repair of these lesions. Hypothesis Endoscopic repair of gluteus medius tears results in successful clinical outcomes in the short term. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Of 482 consecutive hip arthroscopies performed by the senior author, 10 patients with gluteus medius tears repaired endoscopically were evaluated prospectively. Perioperative data were analyzed on this cohort of patients. There were 8 women and 2 men, with an average age of 50.4 years (range, 33-66 years). Patients had persistent lateral hip pain and abductor weakness despite extensive conservative measures. Diagnosis was made by physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging and was confirmed at the time of endoscopy in all cases. At the most recent follow-up, patients completed the Modified Harris Hip Score and Hip Outcomes Score surveys. Results At an average follow-up of 25 months (range, 19-38 months), all 10 patients had complete resolution of pain; 10 of 10 regained 5 of 5 motor strength in the hip abductors. Modified Harris Hip Scores at 1 year averaged 94 points (range, 84-100), and Hip Outcomes Scores averaged 93 points (range, 85-100). There were no adverse complications after abductor repairs. Seven of 10 patients said their hip was normal, and 3 said their hip was nearly normal. Conclusion With short-term follow-up, endoscopic repair of gluteus medius tendon tears of the hip appears to provide pain relief and return of strength in select patients who have failed conservative measures. Further long-term follow-up is warranted to confirm the clinical effectiveness of this procedure.
Characterization of Three Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in Catfish: A Novel Third Receptor Is Predominantly Expressed in Pituitary and Urophysis*† * The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank database with accession numbers cfCRF-R1, AF229359; cfCRF

The present study reports the isolation of three complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding distinct subtypes of CRF receptors from the diploid catfish (cf) species, Ameiurus nebulosus. The first clone encodes a 446-amino acid protein (cfCRF-R1) that is highly homologous to mouse (m) CRF-R1 (93% identical). The cfCRF-R1 messenger RNA is highly expressed in the brain, and its distribution pattern correlates well with that of mammalian CRF-R1, except for weak expression in the pituitary. When transiently expressed in COS-7 cells, cfCRF-R1 bound CRF, urotensin I, and sauvagine with similar affinities. The second full-length cDNA, which was cloned from catfish heart, encodes a 406-amino acid protein that showed homology to murine CRF-R2 (88%) and when expressed in COS-7 cells preferentially bound sauvagine. The highest level of cfCRF-R2 expression was observed in the heart. The third full-length cDNA clone, which encodes a 428-amino acid protein, is structurally closer to cfCRF-R1 (85%) than to cfCRF-R2 (80%). This novel CRF receptor (cfCRF-R3) bound CRF with a 5-fold higher affinity than urotensin I and sauvagine and was expressed in the pituitary gland, urophysis, and brain. The presence of three different CRF receptors, each with distinct tissue distribution and ligand binding properties, suggests a complex CRF/urotensin I system. (Endocrinology 142: 446 ‐ 454, 2001)
Lightning current distribution to ground at a power line tower carrying a radio base station

Radio base stations are often mounted on towers of power transmission lines. They are usually powered from the low-voltage network through an isolating transformer, to separate the high- and low-voltage networks. The isolating transformer ensures security at customers' premises in the case of nearby power faults and particularly in case of lightning striking, which is a frequent cause of flashover of the high-voltage insulators and a subsequent phase-to-ground fault. To optimize such protection, a better understanding of the current distribution to the ground in the initial phase of the lightning striking is required. This work presents a computer simulation method and its results for the lightning current distribution between the sky wires, grounding systems, and power cable network. What is of special concern is the part of the lightning current that might be led into the metal-shielded distribution cable network. A rigorous electromagnetic modeling approach was applied for the analysis of the grounding effects in a network of coated and uncoated low- and medium-voltage cables. The analysis was then applied to a practical case.
Application of Prodrugs to Inflammatory Diseases of the Gut

Oral delivery is the most common and preferred route of drug administration although the digestive tract exhibits several obstacles to drug delivery including motility and intraluminal pH profiles. The gut milieu represents the largest mucosal surface exposed to microorganisms with 1010-12 colony forming bacteria/g of colonic content. Approximately, one third of fecal dry matter is made of bacteria/ bacterial components. Indeed, the normal gut microbiota is responsible for healthy digestion of dietary fibers (polysaccharides) and fermentation of short chain fatty acids such as acetate and butyrate that provide carbon sources (fuel) for these bacteria. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results in breakage of the mucosal barrier, an altered microbiota and dysregulated gut immunity. Prodrugs that are chemically constructed to target colonic release or are degraded specifically by colonic bacteria, can be useful in the treatment of IBD. This review describes the progress in digestive tract prodrug design and delivery in light of gut metabolic activities.
Tribological Behaviour of Plasma-Spray TiO2 Coating against Metallic Bearing Materials Under Oil Lubrication

In this work, a block-on-ring test rig has been used to investigate the tribological behaviour of plasma-spray TiO2 coating pairing with conventional metallic bearing materials; and the effect of triphenyl thiophosphate (T451) and tricresyl phosphate (T306 or TCP) on tribological behaviour of TiO2 coating/AISI 1045 steel was also studied. Test results indicated that the copper—lead alloy paired with TiO2 coating under the base oil exhibited the optimum tribological performance, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of worn surface of the steel block indicated that the wear mechanism was dominated by abrasion and corrosion. Either T451 or T306 alone can improve the tribological behaviour of TiO2 coating/AISI 1045, and T451 with the same percentage was more efficacious than T306 in reducing the friction coefficient and wear rate. Basically, as the ratio of T451 to T306 is greater than 1:1, the better synergistic effect in friction-reduction property can be obtained. Within the limit of the experimental data acquired, base oil containing 2 wt%T451+1 wt%T306 led to the significant synergistic effect of friction reduction and antiwear property for the TiO2/AISI 1045. SEM images showed that wear mechanism of the worn surfaces of the steel blocks were the slight plowed grooves and corrosion pits. Meanwhile, the atom concentrations of the elements S and P on the steel specimens worn surfaces were too low to be referred for analysing the tribo-chemical reaction mechanism.
Coexpression of GSK-3β Corrects Phenotypic Aberrations of Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells, Cultured from Adult Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human Protein tau

Coexpression of constitutively active GSK-3beta[S9A] rescued the axonal pathology induced by overexpression of human tau in transgenic mice (Spittaels et al., (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 41340-41349). We isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal cultures from adult tau4R- and tau4R x GSK-3beta-transgenic mice to define the mechanisms at the cellular and subcellular level. DRG from tau4R-transgenics showed a reduced sprouting capacity while density and stability of microtubules in the axonal processes were significantly increased. Video-enhanced contrast microscopy demonstrated a dramatic inhibition of fast axonal transport. Coexpression of GSK-3beta increased tau phosphorylation and reversed the effects on microtubule stability and saltatory motion. In DRG from GSK-3beta single transgenics, increased tau phosphorylation was evident without any major effects on microtubule stability or axonal transport. These observations support the hypothesis that excess tau competed with motor-proteins for binding to microtubules and/or that a rigid microtubular system inhibits axonal transport.
Comparison of the Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Serum Inflammatory Factors and Total Antioxidant Capacity

Helicobacter pylori infection, the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world, and an important cause of gastrointestinal disorders, may be involved in the pathogenesis of some extra-gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as an increase in blood levels of certain inflammatory markers. Anti-bacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids have been studied in several research studies. The purpose of the present study was the comparison of the effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication, serum levels of some inflammatory markers and total antioxidant capacity. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 97 Helicobacter pylori positive patients (64 patients in the two intervention groups and 33 in the control group), received 2 grams daily of Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid or Medium Chain Triglyceride oil as placebo, along with conventional tetra-drug Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen, for 12 weeks. Helicobacter pylori eradication test and measurement of concentration of interleukine-6, interleukine-8, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and total antioxidant capacity were performed after the intervention. There was no significant difference in eradication rate of the infection, levels of interleukine-6 and total antioxidant capacity among the three groups, while the levels of interleukine-8 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were statistically different. Eicosapentaenoic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation had no significant differential impact on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, and serum levels of interleukine-6 and total antioxidant capacity. However, it had a desirable effect on the levels of interleukine-8 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Helicobacter pylori positive patients.
AN EXPLORATION INTO PARTICIPATION IN A FAITH‐BASED PRISON PROGRAM*

Research Summary: The current research investigates the faith, sociodemographic, psychological, and criminal history factors associated with the decision to volunteer for a faith-based program. Operational records were combined with data collected from self-administered surveys. The results of the logistic regression model were successful in identifying factors related to program participation, including factors not included in previous studies. The findings suggest that program participants are motivated to make changes in their lives and are seeking their way in a religious sense. For example, program participants scored higher on average on the motivation for change scale used here, had higher rates of attendance in religious services since incarceration, and were more active in reading sacred scripture. Conversely, inmates who claimed higher levels of knowledge about their faith were less likely to participate in the Life Connections Program examined here. Policy Implications: The results of the analysis suggest that certain religious characteristics are associated with participation in a faith-based program. The implication is that religious program providers need to pay attention to the match between the program content and the charactertistics of their potential program participants. The results also demonstrate the need to capture differences between participants and comparison subjects on dimensions not usually included in evaluations of faith-based programs. Without knowledge of the selection process, there is no way to determine whether observed differences between program participants and “comparisons” are due to actual program effects or are an artifact of preexisting differences between the groups.