Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay for measuring the potency of 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 vaccines

The potency of inactivated influenza vaccines is determined using a single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. This assay is relatively easy to standardize, it is not technically demanding, and it is capable of measuring the potency of several vaccine strain subtypes in a multivalent vaccine. Nevertheless, alternative methods that retain the major advantages of the SRID, but with a greater dynamic range of measurement and with reduced reagent requirements, are needed.
A Welcome Addition to the Literature

It has been fascinating to read and reflect on this set of articles, and it is my belief that the counseling field will be strengthened as a result of this major contribution. Morrow and Beckstead’s (2004 [this issue]) introductory article offers a balanced overview of the history related to conversion therapy and highlights recent research and commentary in the area. As a result of the studies by Beckstead and Morrow (2004 [this issue]) and Tozer and Hayes (2004 [this issue]), more is known about people who seek conversion therapy and about the experiences of those who have participated in it. Furthermore, the results of these studies have direct implications for ethical practice with same-sex-attracted clients in religious conflict, and Haldeman (2004 [this issue]) presents useful case examples of a client-centered approach to practice. In this reaction, I will share some thoughts about the complexity of doing therapy with persons who are same-sex attracted and in religious conflict as well as some ideas for engaging in social justice efforts to decrease the perceived need for “conversion therapy. ”
Bringing Group-Level Personality to the Electronic Realm: A Comparison of Face-to-Face and Virtual Contexts

Despite the increasing popularity of virtual teams in organizations, very little is known about how personality traits may differentiate effective virtual teams from effective face-to-face teams. This paper sought to examine if extraversion, oppenness to experience, and an individual's predisposition to be a team player would be differentially related to team performance and team cohesion based on whether the teams met face-to-face (FTF) or via videoconference (VC). A total of 285 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to 62 teams (35 FTF and 27 VC) of four to five members. It was found that openness to experience was positively related to team cohesion for the VC teams and negatively related to team cohesion for the FTF teams. Openness to experience was positively related to team performance only in the FTF condition. The relationship between extraversion and team cohesion was positive in the FTF condition. In FTF teams a positive relationship was found between predisposition to be a team player a.
Corporate reputation in Asia: Looking beyond bottom‐line performance

Corporate reputation is a major concern for CEOs globally. In Asia it is increasingly being managed strategically at the highest corporate levels. A survey of C‐suite executives in Asia, North America and Europe by Hill & Knowlton and Korn/Ferry International finds, however, that Asian executives are more focused on using corporate reputation to drive tangible business benefit than their North American and European peers. Corporate social responsibility and the broader range of stakeholders beyond customers and shareholders does not feature strongly in the corporate reputation agenda of Asian executives. The survey results indicate Asian executives are more concerned with core stakeholders, such as customers and shareholders, and bottom‐line performance and corporate governance rather than softer areas of reputation management, such as community relations and internal communications. The time has come for Asian CEOs to take a broader perspective to corporate reputation management.
A Modiﬁed, Template-Based Approach to Question-Answering from Knowledge Bases

As part of a larger project, one of our goals is to enable users, not trained in AI, to be able to pose questions to an inference-capable knowledge base (KB), and receive acceptable answers. In particular, we wish the system to support answering a wide variety of questions, including longer questions which may include scenario descriptions, without requiring users to formulate their queries in predicate logic directly. In this paper, we present the approach we have developed to deal with this problem, based on the creation of a catalog of domain-independent question types and the extension of question template methods with graphical tools. We also report on the results of an extensive evaluation of this work conducted in Summer 2001.
Adult attachment and memory of emotional reactions to negative and positive events

Relations between adult attachment and memory for earlier emotional reactions to negative and positive events were examined. Hypotheses were that avoidance would be associated with underestimating earlier negative affect, whereas anxiety would be associated with overestimating earlier negative affect. Also, both avoidance and anxiety were expected to relate to underestimating earlier positive affect intensity. Participants (119 college students) completed daily report forms three times a day for 4 days on which they described and rated their immediate emotional reactions to events within each time period. Approximately 10 days later, they were asked to estimate their immediate emotional reaction to one negative event and one positive event. Events were coded as interpersonal or non-interpersonal. Contrary to hypotheses, for those lower on avoidance, anxiety related to lower levels of recalled negative affect (i.e., greater underestimation) for negative interpersonal events. As expected, with positive events, anxiety and avoidance related to lower levels of recalled positive emotions. Results suggest that memory processes could be one explanation of how working models operate and are sustained over time.
Measuring Pair Relationships in Jackdaws

The pair relationships of 8 pairs of jackdaws (Corvus monedula), living in a captive flock of 28 jackdaws, were characterized by 12 quantitative measures in three observation periods. The 12 measures represent different aspects of jackdaw social relationships like spatial proximity, exclusiveness, interactional frequencies, asymmetry and behavioural meshing. They were analysed with respect to their consistency in measuring the quality of jackdaw pair-bonds. The amount of time the pair mates spent in mutual proximity was significantly correlated with the behavioural meshing of the mates and the exclusiveness of the pair relationship. The frequencies of feeding and preening the mate as well as the asymmetry in each partner's contribution to the maintenance of mutual proximity were not significantly correlated with any other pair-relationship measure. A factor analysis distributed the 12 measures on five orthogonal factors.
Cost effectiveness of teriparatide and PTH(1-84) in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Abstract Objectives: The purpose was to assess the cost effectiveness from a societal perspective of the recombinant human parathyroid hormones: PTH(1-34) (teriparatide) and PTH(1-84) for patients with osteoporosis with similar characteristics to patients treated in normal clinical practice in Sweden. Methods: A Markov model of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women was developed using 6-month cycles and a lifetime horizon. The model was populated with patients similar to the Swedish cohort of the European Forsteo Observational Study (postmenopausal women; mean age: 70 years, total hip T-score: −2.7 and 3.3 previous fractures). The cost effectiveness of both teriparatide and PTH(1-84) was estimated compared to no treatment and each other. Relative effectiveness assumptions were based on efficacy estimates from two phase III clinical trials. Results: The cost per QALY gained of teriparatide vs. no treatment was estimated at €43,473 and PTH(1-84) was estimated at €104,396. Teriparatide was indicated to be less costly and associated with more life-years and QALYs than PTH(1-84). When assuming no treatment effect on hip fractures the cost per QALY gained was €88,379. In the sensitivity analysis the cost effectiveness did not alter substantially with changes in the majority of the model parameters except for the residual effect of the treatment after stopping therapy. Conclusions: Based on the efficacy estimates from pivotal clinical trials and characteristics of patients treated in clinical practice in Sweden, teriparatide seems to be a more cost-effective option than PTH(1-84) when compared to no treatment. The relative efficacy between the two PTH compounds was based on an indirect comparison from two separate clinical trials which has to be considered when interpreting the results.
Early phase analysis of OCTS radiance data for aerosol remote sensing

An analysis of ocean color temperature scanner [(OCTS) on board the advanced earth observation satellite (ADEOS)] spectral radiance data was performed for retrieving global distributions of Angstrom factor and exponent, which represent the aerosol optical thickness at a reference wavelength (500 nm in the authors' study) and a spectral dependence of the optical thicknesses, respectively, over ocean. Determination of calibration constants for OCTS-received radiances and development of an efficient look-up table method for synthesizing the radiances are key issues for development of the present two-channel algorithm with use of channel 6 and 8 radiances of OCTS. This algorithm has been applied to Level-1B OCTS GAC data sets for producing three month (April, May, and June 1997) global distributions of Angstrom parameters. Geographical and seasonal distribution patterns of Angstrom parameters suggest that anthropogenic sulfate aerosols in mid-latitudes and biomass burning aerosols in the subtropical region are characterized by small particles having large Angstrom exponents, whereas mineral dust particles from subtropical arid regions are characterized by large particles having small Angstrom exponents. There was a fairly good agreement between satellite-retrieved values of Angstrom parameters and values obtained by sky radiometers located on coasts.
Decision-Making in Social Enterprises

This article studies the influence of the procedural justice resulting from participation in decision-making on employees’ affective commitment in social enterprises. It also examines whether any potential link between participation and commitment is due to social exchange, as is the case with for-profit companies. The study is based on data from employees of French work integration social enterprises. The results confirm the positive relationship between procedural justice and affective commitment and the mediating role of perceived organizational support and leader–member exchanges. Managerial recommendations are then given to best maintain or increase employees’ involvement in the decision-making processes of social enterprises.
Factors Influencing Hostility towards Controversial Religious Groups

The results of a research project conducted by questionnaire among a representative sample of 1041 Polish people over 15 years of age indicate that hostility towards controversial religious groups (Jehovah's Witnesses, Hare Krishnas and Satanists) is related to certain elements of their image (as intolerant, dishonest, unfriendly or creating a threat to society). Respondents spontaneously used the word “sect” in relation to the group (most frequently in the case of Satanists); they relied on the teaching of the Church for information. Their hostility was also linked to religious authoritarianism. Personal acquaintance with members of these religious groups, and reference to information via the media, reduced this hostility, but only in case of Hare Krishnas.
Cephalomedullary nail versus sliding hip screw for fixation of AO 31 A1/2 intertrochanteric femoral fracture: a 12-year comparison of failure, complications, and mortality

Background:In the United States intertrochanteric and pertrochanteric fractures occur at a rate of more than 150,000 cases annually. Current standard of care for these fractures includes fixation with either a cephalomedullary nail (CMN) or a sliding hip screw (SHS). The purpose of this study was to compare failure and medical complications of intertrochanteric femoral fractures repaired by CMN or SHS. Methods:This study is a retrospective cohort study that included 249 patients with AO/OTA 31 A1.1-3, 31 A2.1-3 nonpathological fractures of the femur, of which 137 received CMN and 112 received SHS. Analysis was stratified by fracture type as stable (AO 31A1.1-2.1) or unstable (AO 31A2.2-3). Results:The tip-apex distance in stable fractures fixed with CMN was 17.3±5.9 compared to 26.2±7.9 in the stable SHS group (P<0.001) while it was 19.0±5.3 in the unstable CMN group compared to 24.0±6.7 in the unstable SHS patients (P=0.004). Among patients with stable fracture patterns there was no difference in collapse, complications, failure, or mortality (all P>0.05). Among patients with unstable fractures CMN had significantly less collapse (P<0.001) and failure (P=0.046) but no difference in complications (P=0.126) or mortality (P=0.586). Conclusions:There were no significant differences in failure or complication rates when comparing the CMN to the SHS in stable intertrochanteric fractures. CMN demonstrated significantly reduced failure and collapse rates in unstable intertrochanteric fractures when compared to SHS; however, this study had a relatively small sample size of unstable fractures and all results must be interpreted within this context.
NETWORKING DEMOCRACY?

Early conceptions of digital democracy as a virtual public sphere or civic commons have been replaced by a new technological optimism for democratic renewal based upon the open and collaborative networking characteristics of social media. This article provides an introduction to a special issue of the international journal Information, Communication & Society, which attempts to present a grounded analysis of these claims drawing upon evidence-based research and analysis. A more cautious approach is suggested for the potential of social media to facilitate more participative democracy while acknowledging its disruptive value for challenging traditional interests and modes of communicative power.
The analysis of cause maps

Cause maps are coded following many different conventions. It is therefore arguable that there can be no general approach to their analysis. Indeed the interpretation and meaning of the analysis can only be undertaken in relation to both the purpose of the research and the theoretical basis of the form of representation to be analysed, be it a cause map, network, or any other graphical picture. Given these reservations, this article outlines a number of techniques for the analysis of cause maps. In order to make the arguments about cause-map analyses concrete, the article suggests what the various analyses described might imply for an understanding and evaluation of cognitive complexity. It does not address the difficult issue relating to the status of cognitive complexity as measured in these ways but rather simply notes that they are each as plausible or more plausible than many others that are often used. Ultimately- the measures are to be taken as a portfolio of indicators of the complexity of the map itself.
Reinforcement, Reward, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Meta-Analysis

This article reviews research on the effects of reinforcement/reward on intrinsic motivation. The main meta-analysis included 96 experimental studies that used between-groups designs to compare rewarded subjects to nonrewarded controls on four measures of intrinsic motivation. Results indicate that, overall, reward does not decrease intrinsic motivation. When interaction effects are examined, findings show that verbal praise produces an increase in intrinsic motivation. The only negative effect appears when expected tangible rewards are given to individuals simply for doing a task. Under this condition, there is a minimal negative effect on intrinsic motivation as measured by time spent on task following the removal of reward. A second analysis was conducted on five studies that used within-subject designs to evaluate the effects of reinforcement on intrinsic motivation; results suggest that reinforcement does not harm an individual’s intrinsic motivation.
Burma, China and the Myth of Military Bases

Abstract Since the advent of a new, more outward-looking military government in 1988, Burma has come to occupy a position of considerable importance in the Asia-Pacific strategic environment. Burma's burgeoning relationship with China has attracted particular attention, not least because of the stream of reports in the news media and, to a lesser extent, academic literature, claiming that China has established several naval bases and intelligence collection stations in Burma. This apparent intrusion by China into the northeast Indian Ocean has strongly influenced the strategic perceptions and policies of Burma's regional neighbors, notably India. The reported facilities have also been cited as evidence that Burma has become a client state of China, and as proof of Beijing's expansionist designs in South and Southeast Asia. A close examination of the available evidence, however, suggests that there are no Chinese military bases on Burmese soil, a fact conceded by senior Indian officials in 2005. China still has a strong strategic interest in developing its bilateral relations with Burma but, based on this analysis, it would appear that China's presence in Burma, and its current influence over Burma's military regime, have been greatly exaggerated.
Conduct disorder in children: Challenges, and prospective cognitive behavioural treatments

Conduct disorder in children presents significant challenges in its effects on families, teachers, and care-givers and in its treatment. Cognitive-behavioural therapies are among the better researched treatments for conduct disorder. Cognitive-behavioural therapies may be limited in their effectiveness because they were designed for adolescents rather than children. Child-versions of cognitive-behavioural therapies that train in prosocial behaviours may hold greater promise in the prevention and management of conduct disorder in children. Children with conduct disorder comorbid with other child disorders, and reactive aggression may derive greater benefit from multimodal interventions involving medication and psychosocial interventions.
Fast soft-output Viterbi decoding for duo-binary turbo codes

The implementation of a soft-output Viterbi decoder for an eight-state duo-binary code is described. This decoder is to be used in a turbo-decoder for convolutional codes. The implementation was made with the SYNOPSYS environment and targeted an ASIC 0.18 /spl mu/m technology. The layout obtained has a working frequency of 150 MHz and thus an output data rate of 300 Mbits/s.
Chromosomal Integration of Human Herpesvirus 6 Is the Major Mode of Congenital Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection

OBJECTIVE. We examined the frequency and characteristics of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 among congenitally infected children. METHODS. Infants with and without congenital human herpesvirus 6 infection were prospectively monitored. Cord blood mononuclear cell, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, saliva, urine, and hair follicle samples were examined for human herpesvirus 6 DNA. Human herpesvirus 6 RNA, serum antibody, and chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 levels were also assessed. RESULTS. Among 85 infants, 43 had congenital infections and 42 had postnatal infections. Most congenital infections (86%) resulted from chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6; 6 infants (14%) had transplacental infections. Children with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 had high viral loads in all sites (mean: 5–6 log10 genomic copies per μg of cellular DNA); among children with transplacental infection or postnatal infection, human herpesvirus 6 DNA was absent in hair samples and inconsistent in other samples, and viral loads were significantly lower. One parent of each child with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 who had parental hair samples tested had hair containing human herpesvirus 6 DNA. Variant A caused 32% of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 infections, compared with 2% of postnatal infections. Replicating human herpesvirus 6 was detected only among chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 samples (8% of cord blood mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Cord blood human herpesvirus 6 antibody levels were similar among children with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6, transplacental infection, and postnatal infection and between children with maternal and paternal chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 transmission. CONCLUSIONS. Human herpesvirus 6 congenital infection results primarily from chromosomally integrated virus which is passed through the germ-line. Infants with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 had high viral loads in all specimens, produced human herpesvirus 6 antibody, and mRNA. The clinical relevance needs study as 1 of 116 newborns may have chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 blood specimens.
The Acculturation of Relational Mobility

In this article, we extended the socioecological approach in cross-cultural psychology to the acculturation context. We focused on relational mobility among Asian Canadians and how it is related to their acculturation experience. Previous research shows that relational mobility, which is a feature of one’s social environment, is generally higher in North America than East Asia. In Study 1, we found that migration does not completely bridge the cross-national gap in relational mobility. Compared with European Canadians, Asian Canadians continued to perceive lower relational mobility around them. Study 2 explored the relations between relational mobility and Asian Canadians’ acculturation experiences. Relational mobility was correlated specifically with sociocultural adaptation, but not contact, acculturation orientations, psychological adaptation, or experience of discrimination. It was also uniquely associated with normative belief about relational mobility. Finally, we largely replicated the effects of relational mobility on self-esteem (Study 1) and close friendships (Study 2) in the acculturation context, with the latter effects further mediated by normative belief about relational mobility. Implications of our findings for relational mobility and acculturation research are discussed.
Background Risk Factors Associated with Parasuicide among Male Prison Inmates

This study identified selected factors of state prison inmates' preincarceration background that were associated with the probability of parasuicide in a stratified random sample of 123 male inmates with and without histories of parasuicide. Three domains theoretically linked to parasuicide were examined: problem histories, maladaptive social network members or models, and life events. The results indicated that, following inmates' own psychiatric history, the parasuicide and arrest record of significant network members were the strongest background predictors of inmates' parasuicide. Implications for clinical identification are discussed.