Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparing a collection of radiology examinations for distribution and retrieval

OBJECTIVE Clinical documents made available for secondary use play an increasingly important role in discovery of clinical knowledge, development of research methods, and education. An important step in facilitating secondary use of clinical document collections is easy access to descriptions and samples that represent the content of the collections. This paper presents an approach to developing a collection of radiology examinations, including both the images and radiologist narrative reports, and making them publicly available in a searchable database. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors collected 3996 radiology reports from the Indiana Network for Patient Care and 8121 associated images from the hospitals' picture archiving systems. The images and reports were de-identified automatically and then the automatic de-identification was manually verified. The authors coded the key findings of the reports and empirically assessed the benefits of manual coding on retrieval. RESULTS The automatic de-identification of the narrative was aggressive and achieved 100% precision at the cost of rendering a few findings uninterpretable. Automatic de-identification of images was not quite as perfect. Images for two of 3996 patients (0.05%) showed protected health information. Manual encoding of findings improved retrieval precision. CONCLUSION Stringent de-identification methods can remove all identifiers from text radiology reports. DICOM de-identification of images does not remove all identifying information and needs special attention to images scanned from film. Adding manual coding to the radiologist narrative reports significantly improved relevancy of the retrieved clinical documents. The de-identified Indiana chest X-ray collection is available for searching and downloading from the National Library of Medicine (http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/).
Documenting atrocities around the world: Why engage with the perpetrators?

Following a century filled with violations of human rights, a significant number of documentary films have appeared since the first decade of the current century that report these events. Traditionally this process is carried out from the victims’ point of view. However, a new tendency has emerged in which the films deal with the perpetrators’ perspective. It is easy to understand how establishing a relationship with a person who has committed atrocities may be problematic. So, why should we engage with perpetrators? The overarching purpose of this article is to attempt to offer some answers to this question. To this end, two methodological approaches are carried out in parallel: first, this article explores a sample of five documentary films and the filmmakers’ considerations of what their engagement with the perpetrators was like. Second, this article reviews the related literature and the controversial reception of these films by some scholars. In doing so, I also posit a theory that 4Rs (remembrance, recognition, remorse, and redemption) are a necessary prerequisite for the fifth R, of reconciliation. The final elaboration of this schema is mainly based on an example of interpersonal reconciliation.
Lessons from the design of the Eiffel libraries

The nature of programming is changing. Most of the software engineering literature still takes for granted a world of individual projects, where the sole aim is to produce specific software systems in response to particular requirements, little attention being paid to each system's relationship to previous or subsequent efforts. This implicit model seems unlikely to allow drastic improvements in software quality and productivity. Such order-of-magnitude advances will require a process of industrialization, not unlike what happened in those disciplines which have been successful at establishing a production process based on the reuse of quality-standardized components. This implies a shift to a “new culture” [14] whose emphasis is not on projects but instead on components. The need for such a shift was cogently expressed more than 20 years ago by Doug McIlroy in his contribution, entitled Mass-Produced Software Components [10], to the now-famous first conference on software engineering: Software production today appears in the scale of industrialization somewhere below the more backward construction industries. I think its proper place is considerably higher, and would like to investigate the prospects for mass-production techniques in software. [. ] My thesis is that the software industry is weakly founded [in part because of] the absence of a software components subindustry [. ] A components industry could be immensely successful. Although reuse has enjoyed modest successes since this statement was made, by all objective criteria McIlroy's prophecy has not been fulfilled yet; many technical and non-technical issues had to be addressed before reuse could become a reality on the scale he foresaw. (See [1] and [20] for a survey of current work on reuse.) One important development was needed to make this possible: the coming age of object-oriented technology, which provides the best known basis for reusable software construction. (That the founding document of object-oriented methods, the initial description of Simula 67, was roughly contemporary with McIlroy's paper tends to confirm a somewhat pessimistic version of Redwine and Riddle's contention [18] that “it takes on the order of 15 to 20 years to mature a technology to the point that it can be popularized to the technical community at large.”) Much of the current excitement about object-oriented software construction derives from the growing realization that the shift is now technically possible. This article presents the concerted efforts which have been made to advance the cause of component-based software development in the Eiffel environment [12, 17] through the construction of the Basic Eiffel Libraries. After a brief overview of the libraries, this article reviews the major language techniques that have made them possible (with more background about Eiffel being provided by the sidebar entitled “Major Eiffel Techniques”); it then discusses design issues for libraries of reusable components, the use of inheritance hierarchies, the indexing problem, and planned developments.
The Efficacy of Acupuncture for Treating Depression-Related Insomnia Compared with a Control Group: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture as monotherapy and as an alternative therapy in treating depression-related insomnia. Data Source. Seven databases were searched starting from 1946 to March 30, 2016. Study Eligibility Criteria. Randomized-controlled trials of adult subjects (18–75 y) who had depression-related insomnia and had received acupuncture. Results. 18 randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were introduced in this meta-analysis. The findings determined that the acupuncture treatment made significant improvements in PSQI score (MD = −2.37, 95% CI −3.52 to −1.21) compared with Western medicine. Acupuncture combined with Western medicine had a better effect on improving sleep quality (MD = −2.63, 95% CI −4.40 to −0.86) compared with the treatment of Western medicine alone. There was no statistical difference (MD = −2.76, 95% CI −7.65 to 2.12) between acupuncture treatment and Western medicine towards improving the HAMD score. Acupuncture combined with Western medicine (MD = −5.46, CI −8.55 to −2.38) had more effect on improving depression degree compared with the Western medicine alone. Conclusion. This systematic review indicates that acupuncture could be an alternative therapy to medication for treating depression-related insomnia.
Contribution of Entrepreneurship Learning On Self-employment Intention Among Students: A Case Study at State Higher Education of Islamic Religion in East Java

The aim of this research is to obtain description about the contribution of entrepreneurship learning dimensions on entrepreneurial intention andfind out the dimension of entrepreneurship learning with dominant contribution on entrepreneurial intention among students at State Higher Education of Islamic Religion (SHEIR) in East Java. This research uses quantitative approach with Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Population of research is students who attend lecture on the subject of Entrepreneurship Learning with sample of 117 students derived from stratified random sampling. The results of this research are entrepreneurship learning dimensions are simultaneously and partially having contribution on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Besidesthat, learning organization is the dimension of entrepreneurship learning with dominant contribution on entrepreneurial intention among students at SHEIR in East Java. Therefore, those entrepreneurship learning dimensions need to be considered to increase students' entrepreneurial interest.
Physical structure and water line spectrum predictions of the intermediate mass protostar OMC2-FIR4

Aims. Intermediate mass (IM) stars are an important component of our Galaxy, as they significantly contribute to the interstellar FUV field and, consequently, play an important role in the energy balance of the ISM. Despite their importance, very little is known about their formation process and only a few studies have been devoted to characterizing the first phases in the evolution of IM protostars. Here we consider in great detail the case of the brightest and closest known young IM protostar: FIR4 in the OMC2 component of the Orion molecular cloud complex. Methods. We analyzed the available continuum emission (maps and SED) through one-dimensional dust radiative transfer calculations. We ran large grids of models to find the envelope model that reproduces the data best. The derived dust density and temperature profiles were then used to compute the gas temperature profile, equating gas cooling and heating terms across the envelope. Finally, we computed the water line spectrum for various possible values of water abundance. Results. The luminosity of FIR4 has been reevaluated to 1000 $L_\odot$, making FIR4 definitively an IM protostar. The envelope surrounding FIR4 has a relatively shallow density power-law index, ~0.6. The most surprising result is that the gas and dust are thermally decoupled in the interior of the envelope, where the dust ices sublimate at 100 K. This has important consequences in the interpretation of the line data. We provide the predictions for the water spectrum, and discuss in detail the lines that will be observed by the Herschel Space Observatory .
Realistic prediction of BER and AMC with MRC diversity for indoor wireless transmissions

Bit Error Rate (BER) is a key parameter used to evaluate the performance of radio communication systems. In this paper, a realistic BER of radio MRC diversity systems is predicted based on the Multi-Resolution Frequency Domain ParFlow (MRFDPF) model. The prediction takes into account the correlations among diversity branches and makes no assumptions of the correlation model. The predicted realistic BER for MRC diversity systems can be very useful to many wireless applications, such as, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme, or optimal power allocation.
Precise tweet classification and sentiment analysis

The rise of social media in couple of years has changed the general perspective of networking, socialization, and personalization. Use of data from social networks for different purposes, such as election prediction, sentimental analysis, marketing, communication, business, and education, is increasing day by day. Precise extraction of valuable information from short text messages posted on social media (Twitter) is a collaborative task. In this paper, we analyze tweets to classify data and sentiments from Twitter more precisely. The information from tweets are extracted using keyword based knowledge extraction. Moreover, the extracted knowledge is further enhanced using domain specific seed based enrichment technique. The proposed methodology facilitates the extraction of keywords, entities, synonyms, and parts of speech from tweets which are then used for tweets classification and sentimental analysis. The proposed system is tested on a collection of 40,000 tweets. The proposed methodology has performed better than the existing system in terms of tweets classification and sentiment analysis. By applying the Knowledge Enhancer and Synonym Binder module on the extracted information we have achieved increase in information gain in a range of 0.1% to 55%. The increase in information gain has enabled our proposed system to better summarize the twitter data for user sentiments regarding a keyword from a particular category.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Chronic Subdural Hematoma after Surgical Clipping for Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms

Objective Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a rare complication of unruptured aneurysm clipping surgery. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and risk factors of postoperative CSDH after surgical clipping for unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms. Methods This retrospective study included 518 patients from a single tertiary institute from January 2008 to December 2013. CSDH was defined as subdural hemorrhage which needed surgical treatment. The degree of brain atrophy was estimated using the bicaudate ratio (BCR) index. We used uni- and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors correlated with CSDH. Results Sixteen (3.1%) patients experienced postoperative CSDH that required burr hole drainage surgery. In univariate analyses, male gender (p<0.001), size of aneurysm (p=0.030), higher BCR index (p=0.004), and the use of antithrombotic medication (p=0.006) were associated with postoperative CSDH. In multivariate analyses using logistic regression test, male gender [odds ratio (OR) 4.037, range 1.287-12.688], high BCR index (OR 5.376, range 1.170-25.000), and the use of antithrombotic medication (OR 4.854, range 1.658-14.085) were associated with postoperative CSDH (p<0.05). Postoperative subdural fluid collection and arachnoid plasty were not showed statistically significant difference in this study. Conclusion The incidence of CSDH was 3.1% in unruptured anterior circulation aneurysm surgery. This study shows that male gender, degree of brain atrophy, and the use of antithrombotic medication were associated with postoperative CSDH.
Pushing the Envelope : Rethinking Acoustic Processing for Speech Recognition

A. Executive Summary State-of-the-art speech recognition systems continue to improve, but the core acoustic operation remains the same: a single feature vector (derived from the power spectral envelope over a 20-30 ms window, stepped forward by ~10 ms per frame) is compared to a set of distributions derived from training data for an inventory of sub-word units (usually some variant of phones). This step has remained essentially unchanged for decades, and we believe that this limited perspective is a key weakness in speech recognizers. Note for instance that, under good conditions, human phone error rate for nonsense syllables has been estimated to be as low as 1.5% [Allen 1994], as compared with rates over an order of magnitude higher for the best machine phone recognizers [Lee & Glass 1998, Deng & Sun 1994, Robinson et al. 1994]. In this light, our best current recognizers appear half-deaf, only making up for this deficiency by incorporating strong domain constraints. To develop generally applicable and useful recognition techniques, we must overcome the limitations of current acoustic processing. Interestingly, even human phonetic categorization is poor for extremely short segments (e.g. <100 ms), suggesting that analysis of longer time regions is somehow essential to the task. This suggestion is supported by information theoretic analysis showing discriminative conditional dependence between features separated in time by up to several hundred milliseconds [Yang et al. 2000, Bilmes 1998].
Interferometry of the intensity fluctuations in light - I. Basic theory: the correlation between photons in coherent beams of radiation

It is shown by a quantum-mechanical treatment that the emission times of photoelectrons at different points illuminated by a plane wave of light are partially correlated, and identical results are obtained by a classical theory in which the photocathode is regarded as a square-law detector of suitable conversion efficiency. It is argued that the phenomenon exemplifies the wave rather than the particle aspect of light and that it may most easily be interpreted as a correlation between the intensity fluctuations at different points on a wavefront which arise because of interference between different frequency components of the light. From the point of view of the corpuscular picture the interpretation is much less straightforward but it is shown that the correlation is directly related to the so-called bunching of photons which arises because light quanta are mutually indistinguishable and obey Bose-Einstein statistics. However, it is stressed that the use of the photon concept before the light energy is actually detected is highly misleading since, in an interference experiment, the electromagnetic field behaves in a manner which cannot be explained in terms of classical particles. The quantitative predictions of the theory have been confirmed by laboratory experiments and the phenomenon has been used, in an interferometer, to measure the apparent angular diameter of Sirius: these results, together with further applications to astronomy, will be discussed in detail in later papers. It is shown that the classical and quantum treatments give identical results when applied to find the fluctuations in the photoemission current produced by a single light beam, and the connexion between these fluctuations and the correlation between photons in coherent beams is pointed out. The results given here are in full agreement with those obtained by Kahn from an analysis based on quantum statistics: however, they differ from those derived on thermodynamical grounds by Fellgett and by Clark Jones and the reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Applying the Bispectral Analysis on Widespread Diffuse Cross-Frequency Interactive Effects

The aim of this paper is applying the bispectral analysis on widespread diffuse cross-frequency interactive effects. The event-related potentials (ERPs) research method was used in this study and it could collect the widespread diffuse cross-frequency from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients' brain wave. In this study, the brain wave data were collected from 12 MCI subjects, 12 healthy elderly, and 12 healthy young. The findings showed that the decreased interhemispheric coherence of 8.8 Hz for MCI compared with healthy elderly in the central-parietal cortex to respective surrounding sites and each MCI subject showed significantly widespread diffuse pattern of cross-frequency interactions in comparison with the healthy controls in the left central-parietal and right frontal. This study provides some explanation and suggestions for these findings.
Feeling of Pleasure to High-Intensity Interval Exercise Is Dependent of the Number of Work Bouts and Physical Activity Status

Objectives To examine the affective responses during a single bout of a low-volume HIIE in active and insufficiently active men. Materials and methods Fifty-eight men (aged 25.3 ± 3.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study: i) active (n = 29) and ii) insufficiently active (n = 29). Each subject undertook i) initial screening and physical evaluation, ii) maximal exercise test, and iii) a single bout of a low-volume HIIE. The HIIE protocol consisted of 10 x 60s work bouts at 90% of maximal treadmill velocity (MTV) interspersed with 60s of active recovery at 30% of MTV. Affective responses (Feeling Scale, -5/+5), rating of perceived exertion (Borg’s RPE, 6–20), and heart rate (HR) were recorded during the last 10s of each work bout. A two-factor mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA, independent-samples t test, and chi-squared test were used to data analysis. Results There were similar positive affective responses to the first three work bouts between insufficiently active and active men (p > 0.05). However, insufficiently active group displayed lower affective responses over time (work bout 4 to 10) than the active group (p < 0.01). Also, the insufficiently active group displayed lower values of mean, lowest, and highest affective response, as well as lower values of affective response at the highest RPE than the active group (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the RPE and HR between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Insufficiently active and active men report feelings of pleasure to few work bouts (i.e., 3–4) during low-volume HIIE, while the affective responses become more unpleasant over time for insufficiently active subjects. Investigations on the effects of low-volume HIIE protocols including a fewer number of work bouts on health status and fitness of less active subjects would be interesting, especially in the first training weeks.
Systems and Photosystems: Cellular Limits of Autotrophic Productivity in Cyanobacteria

Recent advances in the modeling of microbial growth and metabolism have shown that growth rate critically depends upon the optimal allocation of finite proteomic resources among different cellular functions and that modeling growth rates becomes more realistic with the explicit accounting for the costs of macromolecular synthesis, most importantly, protein expression. The “proteomic constraint” is considered together with its application to understanding photosynthetic microbial growth. The central hypothesis is that physical limits of cellular space (and corresponding solvation capacity) in conjunction with cell surface-to-volume ratios represent the underlying constraints on the maximal rate of autotrophic microbial growth. The limitation of cellular space thus constrains the size the total complement of macromolecules, dissolved ions, and metabolites. To a first approximation, the upper limit in the cellular amount of the total proteome is bounded this space limit. This predicts that adaptation to osmotic stress will result in lower maximal growth rates due to decreased cellular concentrations of core metabolic proteins necessary for cell growth owing the accumulation of compatible osmolytes, as surmised previously. The finite capacity of membrane and cytoplasmic space also leads to the hypothesis that the species-specific differences in maximal growth rates likely reflect differences in the allocation of space to niche-specific proteins with the corresponding diminution of space devoted to other functions including proteins of core autotrophic metabolism, which drive cell reproduction. An optimization model for autotrophic microbial growth, the autotrophic replicator model, was developed based upon previous work investigating heterotrophic growth. The present model describes autotrophic growth in terms of the allocation protein resources among core functional groups including the photosynthetic electron transport chain, light-harvesting antennae, and the ribosome groups.