Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors related to insomnia among Norwegian musicians

Musicians report a considerably higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms compared to community samples in the general workforce. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between insomnia and health, work-related, and lifestyle factors among musicians. A total of 645 full-time musicians completed a questionnaire measuring insomnia symptoms: personality, psychosocial factors (perceived job demands, job control, effort-reward imbalance, and general social support), and lifestyle (smoking, marijuana use, alcohol use, and physical activity). Multiple regression analysis showed that higher scores on neuroticism and extraversion and on perception of greater work demands were positively related to insomnia symptoms. In contrast, the experience of social support was negatively related to insomnia symptoms in the final model. In sum, neuroticism was the single strongest variable associated with insomnia. Extraversion, however, also seemed to add something unique to the explanation of insomnia among full-time musicians when controlling for work environment variables. Moreover, demands and social support may be more important for musicians’ sleep than control and effort-reward imbalance. Given that our study is cross-sectional, longitudinal studies are still needed to clarify the causal relationships among personal, psychosocial, and lifestyle variables and insomnia.
JLR heart: Employing wearable technology in non-intrusive driver state monitoring. Preliminary study

This paper presents the results from a preliminary study where a wearable consumer electronic device was used to assess driver's state by capturing human physiological response in non-intrusive manner. Majority of state of the art studies have employed medical equipment drivers' state evaluation. Despite the potential gain in road safety this method of measuring physiology is unlikely to be accepted by private vehicle consumers due to its invasiveness, complexity, and high cost. This study was aiming to investigate possibility of employing a consumer grade wearable device to measure physiological parameters related to cognitive workload in real-time while driving i.e., drivers' heart rate. Furthermore, validity of captured heart activity metrics was analyzed to determine if wearable devices could be embedded into driving at its current technological state. The driving context was reproduced in desktop driving simulator, with 14 participants agreeing to take part in the study (μ = 28, σ = 8.5 years). Drivers were exposed to various road types, including pure Motorway, Rural, and Urban scenario modes. An accident was simulated in order to generate sudden cognitive arousal and capture participants' physiological response to the generated distress. It was found that a smartwatch is capable of reliable heart activity tracking in driving context. The results, supporting the relationship between cognitive workload level, generated by various complexity driving tasks, and Heart Rate Variability, were also presented.
Multiple starbursts in Blue Compact Galaxies

In this paper we present some results concerning the eects of two instantaneous starbursts, separated by a quiescent period, on the dynamical and chemical evolution of Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies. In particular, we compare the model results to the galaxy IZw18, which is a very metal-poor, gas-rich dwarf galaxy, possibly experiencing its rst or second burst of star formation. We follow the evolution of a rst weak burst of star formation followed by a second more intense one occurring after several hundred million years. We nd that a galactic wind develops only during the second burst and that metals produced in the burst are preferentially lost, relative to the hydrogen gas. We predict the evolution of several chemical abundances (H, He, C, N, O, -elements, Fe) in the gas inside and outside the galaxy, by taking into account, in detail, the chemical and energetical contributions from type II and Ia supernovae. We nd that the abundances predicted for the star forming region are in good agreement with the H ii region abundances derived for IZw18. We also predict the abundances of C, N and O expected for the H i gas to be compared with future FUSE abundance determinations. We conclude that IZw18 must have experienced two bursts of star formation, one occurred300 Myr ago and a recent one with an age between 4{7 Myr. However, by taking into account also other independent estimates, such as the color-magnitude diagram and the spectral energy distribution of stars in IZw18, and the fact that real starbursts are not instantaneous, we suggest that it is more likely that the burst age is between 4 and 15 Myr.
Hydrostatic equilibrium of causally consistent and dynamically stable neutron star models

We show that the mass-radius (M-R) relation corresponding to the stiffest equation of state (EOS) does not provide the necessary and sufficient condition of dynamical stability for equilibrium configurations, because such configurations cannot satisfy the 'compatibility criterion'. In this regard, we construct sequences composed of core-envelope models such that, like the central condition belonging to the stiffest EOS, each member of these sequences satisfies the extreme case of the causality condition, v = c = 1, at the centre. We thereafter show that the M-R relation corresponding to the said core-envelope model sequences can provide the necessary and sufficient condition of dynamical stability only when the 'compatibility criterion' for these sequences is 'appropriately' satisfied. However, the 'compatibility criterion' can remain satisfied even when the M-R relation does not provide the necessary and sufficient condition of dynamical stability for the equilibrium configurations. In continuation of the results of a previous study, these results explicitly show that the 'compatibility criterion' independently provides, in general, the necessary and sufficient condition of hydrostatic equilibrium for any regular sequence. In addition to its fundamental result, this study can explain simultaneously the higher and the lower values of the glitch healing parameter observed for the Crab-like and Vela-like pulsars respectively, on the basis of the starquake model of glitch generation.
Concentration and Pricing in the Hospital Sector

The pricing behavior of non-profit hospitals is an important issue given the size of the non-profit hospital sector in relation to the for-profit sector. It is generally accepted in the literature that for-profit hospitals set higher prices than their non-profit counterparts. However, there is disagreement over the relative behavior of the different types of hospital in the presence of market power. Some authors argue that market power causes hospitals to maintain higher prices regardless of their ownership, while othersargue that greater levels of market power are associated with lower prices for non-profit hospitals. Clearly, how market concentration influences the pricing behavior of non-profits has implications for antitrustpolicy and is an interesting topic for research.This paper reviews the previous research that identifies the effects of market power on the behavior of hospitals under different forms of control. It then offers a new investigation of the issues using data from asample of patients suffering from alcohol and drug related disorders. These data have a distinct advantage over those used in previous research in that they examine a more standardized area of treatment and provide more direct control for severity of illness than those used by previous authors. In addition, the model used in this paper avoids some of the specification issues inherent in some of the prior research.
The influence of age and maturity status on the maximum and explosive strength characteristics of elite youth female soccer players

ABSTRACT Purpose: Research has characterised the strength characteristics of elite youth male soccer players, although little is known about female players. This study investigated the influence of age and maturity status on strength characteristics of elite youth female soccer players. Methods: 157 female soccer players (U16; n = 46, U14; n = 43, U12; n = 38, U10; n = 30), recruited from three elite female soccer academies. Linear mixed models were used to determine the difference by age or maturation on maximum and explosive strength characteristics. Results: Peak force (PF) was possibly and likely greater for older age groups; however, differences in relative PF were most likely trivial between consecutive age groups. Relative impulse at 100 and 300 ms was very likely greater at U12 than U10, likely and possibly less at U12 than U14 and most likely less and possibly greater at U16 than U14. Relative PF was likely less at pre-peak height velocity (PHV) than circa and circa than post-PHV. Relative impulse at 100 and 300 ms was most likely lower for pre-PHV than circa and pre-PHV than post-PHV, and possible greater at circa than post-PHV. Conclusion: Age and maturation impact upon PF and impulse; thus, practitioners should account for individual maturation status when comparing players. These data provide reference strength data for elite youth female soccer players, which can be used when monitoring player development.
Miniaturized Quasi-Lumped Coupled-Line Single-Section and Multisection Directional Couplers

A class of lumped-element coupled-line directional couplers has been investigated. The paper discusses the influence of the number of coupler's subsections on the overall couplers' performance. The design procedure for calculating elements of the coupler for the chosen coupling C and the number of coupler's subsections has been proposed. The design procedure has been experimentally verified by the measurements of a single-section directional coupler. Also, an asymmetric two-section coupler not reported in the literature has been designed using a lumped-element technique, and the experimental results are shown.
A Possible Cepheid-like Luminosity Estimator for the Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

We present a possible Cepheid-like luminosity estimator for the long gamma-ray bursts based on the variability of their light curves. To construct the luminosity estimator, we use CGRO/BATSE data for 13 bursts, Wind/Konus data for five bursts, Ulysses/GRB data for one burst, and NEAR/XGRS data for one burst. Spectroscopic redshifts, peak fluxes, and high-resolution light curves are available for 11 of these bursts; partial information is available for the remaining nine bursts. We find that the isotropic equivalent peak luminosities L of these bursts positively correlate with a rigorously constructed measure V of the variability of their light curves. We fit to these data a model that accommodates both intrinsic scatter (statistical variance) and extrinsic scatter (sample variance). We find that L ~ V. If one excludes GRB 980425 from the fit, on the grounds that its association with SN 1998bw at a redshift of z = 0.0085 is not secure, the luminosity estimator spans ≈2.5 orders of magnitude in L, and the slope of the correlation between L and V is positive with a probability of 1 - (1.4 × 10-4) (3.8 σ). Although GRB 980425 is excluded from this fit, its L and V values are consistent with the fitted model, which suggests that GRB 980425 may well be associated with SN 1998bw and that GRB 980425 and the cosmological bursts may share a common physical origin. If one includes GRB 980425 in the fit, the luminosity estimator spans ≈6.3 orders of magnitude in L, and the slope of the correlation is positive with a probability of 1 - (9.3 × 10-7) (4.9 σ). In either case, the luminosity estimator yields best-estimate luminosities that are accurate to a factor of ≈4, or best-estimate luminosity distances that are accurate to a factor of ≈2. Regardless of whether GRB 980425 should be included in the fit, its light curve is unique in that it is much less variable than the other ≈17 light curves of bursts in our sample for which the signal-to-noise ratio is reasonably good.
Design of long oligonucleotide probes for functional gene detection in a microbial community

MOTIVATION Analysis of the functions of microorganisms and their dynamics in the environment is essential for understanding microbial ecology. For analysis of highly similar sequences of a functional gene family using microarrays, the previous long oligonucleotide probe design strategies have not been useful in generating probes. RESULTS We developed a Hierarchical Probe Design (HPD) program that designs both sequence-specific probes and hierarchical cluster-specific probes from sequences of a conserved functional gene based on the clustering tree of the genes, specifically for analyses of functional gene diversity in environmental samples. HPD was tested on datasets for the nirS and pmoA genes. Our results showed that HPD generated more sequence-specific probes than several popular oligonucleotide design programs. With a combination of sequence-specific and cluster-specific probes, HPD generated a probe set covering all the sequences of each test set. AVAILABILITY http://brcapp.kribb. re.kr/HPD/
Gender-segregated spaces in Icelandic high schools: resistance, power and subjectification

ABSTRACT Organization of spaces in schools often revolves around gender and sexuality. For example, it has been reported that restrooms and locker rooms are the most heteronormative and heterosexist spaces within schools. Particularly within these spaces, hegemonic heterosexual masculinity/femininity is institutionalized, not only in the practices and individual performances, but also in the organization of these spaces. In that sense, the space of the restroom and the locker room is regulated and constructed on the basis of gender binaries, and as such, inscribes disciplinary power on those gendered bodies that do not conform to the hegemonic gender regime. For trans/transgender students and other gender-nonconforming students, these spaces have been experienced as hostile and problematic. The paper draws on ethnographic data from two Icelandic high schools and has the aim of moving the discussion about gender divided spaces (restrooms and locker/changing rooms) outside the sole emphasis on gender binaries by incorporating into the analysis identity categories based on sexuality and trans/transgender/gender-queer embodiment.
Validating a Model of Motivational Factors Influencing Involvement for Parents of Transition-Age Youth With Disabilities

Parent involvement is a predictor of postsecondary education and employment outcomes, but rigorous measures of parent involvement for youth with disabilities are lacking. Hirano, Garbacz, Shanley, and Rowe adapted scales based on Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler model of parent involvement for use with parents of youth with disabilities aged 14 to 23. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Motivators of Parent Involvement (MPI) scales. A confirmatory factor analysis tested an 11-factor model, three parent involvement factors, and eight motivators of involvement factors for parents of transition-age youth (ages 14–25) with disabilities. Using a sample of 288 parents and caregivers, the model was determined to have acceptable fit. The MPI can be used to assess motivators of parent involvement and guide interventions.
On the Impact of Chat Communication on Computer-Supported Idea Generation Processes

It has been shown that traditional forms of communication negatively affect idea generation processes. Creativity support systems can help to avoid these impacts and provide alternative means of interaction for which the known negative affects do not apply. In this paper, we investigate the impact of chat communication on computer-supported idea generation processes. The results show that idea quantity, quality and group satisfaction are not affected by the option to use a chat as an additional communication channel. This implies that positive as well as negative influence factors of communication described in previous studies seem to offset each other in computer-supported idea generation processes. We discuss several of these potential positive and negative influence factors. Furthermore, we discuss why a chat feature can help to lower acceptance barriers for creativity support systems.
A lifespan perspective for understanding career self-management and satisfaction: The role of developmental human resource practices and organizational support

The contemporary career literature or ‘new career’ theory emphasizes the importance of individual agentic career management processes in which individuals manage their careers to achieve career satisfaction by flexibly adjusting to the dynamic environment. There is limited research, however, on how individuals strategize their careers as they age, by utilizing or balancing organizational career management factors, including developmental human resource (HR) practices and organizational support. This study, therefore, documents how age, career self-management and organizational career management factors interactively influence career satisfaction, integrating conservation of resources (COR) and socioemotional selectivity (SES) theories. Using time-lagged data collected from 364 Japanese employees, the results supported the predicted three-way interaction effects. For young employees, the positive relationship between career self-management and satisfaction was stronger when developmental HR practices and organizational support were high, and thus a synergistic effect was salient. For middle-aged employees, the positive relationship was stronger when these factors were low, and thus a compensatory effect was manifested. Interestingly, middle-aged employees who perceived a lack of developmental practices or support showed marked improvements in career satisfaction by engaging in career self-management behaviors. We discuss the changing nature of career management strategies across an individual’s lifespan from both vocational and managerial viewpoints.
PRIME—toward process-integrated modeling environments: 1

Research in process-centered environments (PCEs) has focused on project management support and has neglected method guidance for the engineers performing the (software) engineering process. It has been dominated by the search for suitable process-modeling languages and enactment mechanisms. The consequences of process orientation on the computer-based engineering environments, i.e., the interactive tools used during process performance, have been studied much less. In this article, we present the PRIME (Process Integrated Modeling Environments) framework which empowers method guidance through process-integrated tools. In contrast to the tools of PCEs, the process-integrated tools of PRIME adjust their behavior according to the current process situation and the method definitions. Process integration of PRIME tools is achieved through (1) the definition of tool models; (2) the integration of the tool models and the method definitions; (3) the interpretation of the integrated environment model by the tools, the process-aware control integration mechanism, and the enactment mechanism; and (4) the synchronization of the tools and the enactment mechanism based on a comprehensive interaction protocol. We sketch the implementation of PRIME as a reusable implementation framework which facilitates the realization of process-integrated tools as well as the process integration of external tools. We define a six-step procedure for building a PRIME-based process-integrated environment (PIE) and illustrate how PRIME facilitates change integration on an easy-to-adapt modeling level.
Retrospective: Flipping Bits in Memory Without Accessing Them: An Experimental Study of DRAM Disturbance Errors

Our ISCA 2014 paper provided the first scientific and detailed characterization, analysis, and real-system demonstration of what is now popularly known as the RowHammer phenomenon (or vulnerability) in modern commodity DRAM chips, which are used as main memory in almost all modern computing systems. It experimentally demonstrated that more than 80% of all DRAM modules we tested from the three major DRAM vendors were vulnerable to the RowHammer read disturbance phenomenon: one can predictably induce bitflips (i.e., data corruption) in real DRAM modules by repeatedly accessing a DRAM row and thus causing electrical disturbance to physically nearby rows. We showed that a simple unprivileged user-level program induced RowHammer bitflips in multiple real systems and suggested that a security attack can be built using this proof-of-concept to hijack control of the system or cause other harm. To solve the RowHammer problem, our paper examined seven different approaches (including a novel probabilistic approach that has very low cost), some of which influenced or were adopted in different industrial products. Many later works from various research communities examined RowHammer, building real security attacks, proposing new defenses, further analyzing the problem at various (e.g., device/circuit, architecture, and system) levels, and exploiting RowHammer for various purposes (e.g., to reverse-engineer DRAM chips). Industry has worked to mitigate the problem, changing both memory controllers and DRAM standards/chips. Two major DRAM vendors finally wrote papers on the topic in 2023, describing their current approaches to mitigate RowHammer. Research&development on RowHammer in both academia&industry continues to be very active and fascinating. This short retrospective provides a brief analysis of our ISCA 2014 paper and its impact.
The electoral participation of Māori in Australia

ABSTRACT This paper provides an empirical case through which to examine how debates about ‘birthright-based’ national citizenship and residence-based local citizenship play out in the context of an indigenous emigrant population: Māori in Australia. Many Māori who are resident long-term or permanently in Australia are unable to participate in Australian federal or state elections because they are not Australian citizens. This disenfranchisement is only partially compensated by their ability to continue voting in New Zealand elections; data on the exercise by expatriate Māori of their external voting rights suggest that their levels of participation are even lower than those of other expatriate New Zealanders.This tension between territorial residence and formal membership as a basis for decision-making rights plays out in another way for expatriate Māori, in relation to tribal decision-making. Generally speaking, whakapapa (genealogical) descent from a common ancestor gives rise to a right to vote in tribal elections. However, some influential observers have cautioned against giving scattered tribal members too much say in tribal decision-making, especially vis-à-vis those who keep the home fires burning. This suggests that, as the scale of the Māori diaspora grows ever larger, there will be ongoing debates about the voting rights of tribal members overseas.