Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the posterior parietal cortex in reaching, grasping, and using objects and tools

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging data suggest a differential contribution of posterior parietal regions during the different components of a transitive gesture. Reaching requires the integration of object location and body position coordinates and reaching tasks elicit bilateral activation in different foci along the intraparietal sulcus. Grasping requires a visuomotor match between the object's shape and the hand's posture. Lesion studies and neuroimaging confirm the importance of the anterior part of the intraparietal sulcus for human grasping. Reaching and grasping reveal bilateral activation that is generally more prominent on the side contralateral to the hand used or the hemifield stimulated. Purposeful behavior with objects and tools can be assessed in a variety of ways, including actual use, pantomimed use, and pure imagery of manipulation. All tasks have been shown to elicit robust activation over the left parietal cortex in neuroimaging, but lesion studies have not always confirmed these findings. Compared to pantomimed or imagined gestures, actual object and tool use typically produces activation over the left primary somatosensory region. Neuroimaging studies on pantomiming or imagery of tool use in healthy volunteers revealed neural responses in possibly separate foci in the left supramarginal gyrus. In sum, the parietal contribution of reaching and grasping of objects seems to depend on a bilateral network of intraparietal foci that appear organized along gradients of sensory and effector preferences. Dorsal and medial parietal cortex appears to contribute to the online monitoring/adjusting of the ongoing prehensile action, whereas the functional use of objects and tools seems to involve the inferior lateral parietal cortex. This functional input reveals a clear left lateralized activation pattern that may be tuned to the integration of acquired knowledge in the planning and guidance of the transitive movement.
Design of an On-Interposer Passive Equalizer for High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) with 30Gbps Data Transmission

In this paper, a new on-interposer passive equalizer was proposed for the next generation High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) with 1024 I/O lines and 30 Gbps data rate. It is a coil-shaped shunt metal line and embedded on a ground plane to reduce area consumption on a signal layer and to maintain fine pitch of 10 um. The proposed equalizer utilizes its inductance and resistance to perform a high-pass filter. The performance of the proposed equalizer is verified using eye-diagram simulations. The target channel is a 1 mm on-interposer channel with the fine pitch of 10 μm which has completely closed eye-diagram at 30 Gbps. By applying the proposed equalizer to the target channel, eye-height was improved by 12.3 % (147 mV) of input voltage and timing jitter was reduced by 20.5 % (6.83 ps) of 1 unit interval (UI). By applying the proposed equalizers for 30 Gbps data transmission to HBM interface between 1 GPU and 1 HBM, total I/O bandwidth can be increased to 3.84 TBps with the total routing width of 10.24 mm.
RAGE supports parathyroid hormone-induced gains in femoral trabecular bone.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) restores bone mass to the osteopenic skeleton, but significant questions remain as to the underlying mechanisms. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily; however, recent studies indicate a role in bone physiology. We investigated the significance of RAGE to hormone-induced increases in bone by treating 10-wk-old female Rage-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with human PTH-(1-34) at 30 microg.kg(-1). day(-1) or vehicle control, 7 days/wk, for 7 wk. PTH produced equivalent relative gains in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) throughout the skeleton in both genotypes. PTH-mediated relative increases in cortical area of the midshaft femur were not compromised in the null mice. However, the hormone-induced gain in femoral cancellous bone was significantly attenuated in Rage-KO mice. The loss of RAGE impaired PTH-mediated increases in femoral cancellous bone volume, connectivity density, and trabecular number but did not impact increases in trabecular thickness or decreases in trabecular spacing. Disabling RAGE reduced femoral expression of bone formation genes, but their relative PTH-responsiveness was not impaired. Neutralizing RAGE did not attenuate vertebral cancellous bone response to hormone. Rage-null mice exhibited an attenuated accrual rate of bone mass, with the exception of the spine, and an enhanced accrual rate of fat mass. We conclude that RAGE is necessary for key aspects of the skeleton's response to anabolic PTH. Specifically, RAGE is required for hormone-mediated improvement of femoral trabecular architecture but not intrinsically necessary for increasing cortical thickness.
Effect of cooking on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in Korean dried seafood products

Only N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was detected when N-nitrosamines (NA) were analysed in seven dried seafood products, either uncooked or cooked. The cooking methods used were a briquet fire, a gas range, an electric oven, a microwave oven, a steam cooker and an electric coil cooker. The contents of NDMA ranged from 1.0 to 46.9 μg kg-1 in uncooked products. When these samples were cooked, regardless of the cooking method, the content of NDMA tended to increase, ranging from 1.1 to 630.5 μg kg-1. In general, indirect heating such as a steam cooker and a microwave oven, as compared with direct heating such as a gas range and a briquet fire, caused less increase in NDMA during cooking.
Graph Traversal Methods for Reasoning in Large Knowledge-Based Systems

Commonsense reasoning at scale is a core problem for cognitive systems. In this paper, we discuss two ways in which heuristic graph traversal methods can be used to generate plausible inference chains. First, we discuss how Cyc’s predicate-type hierarchy can be used to get reasonable answers to queries. Second, we explain how connection graph-based techniques can be used to identify script-like structures. Finally, we demonstrate through experiments that these methods lead to significant improvement in accuracy for both Q/A and script construction.
Robust relative stability of time-invariant and time-varying lattice filters

We consider the relative stability of time invariant and time varying unnormalized lattice filters. First, we consider a set of lattice filters whose reflection parameters /spl alpha//sub i/, obey |/spl alpha//sub i/|/spl les//spl delta//sub i/, and provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the /spl delta//sub i/ that guarantee that each time invariant Lattice in the set has poles inside a circle of prescribed radius 1//spl rho/<1, i.e. they are relatively stable with degree of stability in /spl rho/. We also show that the relative stability of the whole family is equivalent to the relative stability of a single filter obtained by fixing each /spl alpha//sub i/ to /spl delta//sub i/, and can be checked with only the real poles of this filter. Counterexamples are given to show that a number of properties that hold for stability of LTI lattices do not apply to relative stability verification. Second, we give a diagonal Lyapunov matrix that is useful in checking the above pole condition. Finally, we consider the time varying problem where the reflection coefficients vary in a region where the frozen transfer functions have poles with magnitude less than 1//spl rho/, and provide bounds on their rate of variations that ensure that the zero input state solution of the time varying lattice decays exponentially at a rate faster than 1//spl rho/'>1//spl rho/.
Psychological Biases Abilities on Constructing Weekend Anomaly

Even though many researchers have proposed trading behavior as the explanation of the Monday Irrationality or Day-of-the Week anomaly, yet, it has still left without empirical evidence. This research aims to investigate empirically by gauging psychological approach whereas the affection bias (weather-induced mood, and moon-induced mood), and cognition bias (attention bias, and cognitive dissonance) are the factors. Our results report that investor’s Monday irrationality is caused by those psychological biases. Employing one traditional dummy interaction model and an innovation model with market index returns and size-based portfolio returns as our constructs, we found the psychological biases are the explanations beyond the DOWA over the period of 1 January 1999 until 22 March 2010. This research found size does matter in this case as the intuitive judgment of investor plays role on investment decision. Our findings support the conclusion that psychology of investor does play important role on investment decision and resulting DOWA.
Clinical Significance of CD163+ and CD68+ Tumor-associated Macrophages in High-risk HPV-related Cervical Cancer

Objective. To explore the influence of M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV)-related cervical carcinogenesis and metastasis. Methods. CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages were examined immunohistochemically in a series of 130 samples, including 26 cases of normal cervical tissues, 59 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 45 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and the results were statistically analyzed. The macrophage count was corrected for the epithelial and stromal compartments respectively. Clinical data were also obtained. Results. High counts of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages were associated with hr-HPV infection (both p < 0.05) and positively correlated with cervical carcinogenesis (Spearman's rho = 0.478, p = 0.000; Spearman's rho = 0.676, p =0.000, respectively). The immunostaining pattern of CD163 exhibited clearer background than that of CD68. CD163+ macrophages showed a more obviously increasing migration into the epithelium along with the progression of CIN to invasive cancer. Notably, a high index of CD163+ macrophages was significantly associated with higher FIGO stages (p = 0.009) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012), but a similar finding was not found for CD68+ macrophages (p = 0.067, p = 0.079, respectively). Conclusions. Our study supported a critical role of TAMs as a prospective predictor for hr-HPV-related cervical carcinogenesis. CD163, as a promising TAMs marker, is superior to CD68 for predicting the malignant transformation and metastatic potential of cervical cancer.
Om ansvar : ansvarsföreställningar och deras betydelse för den organisatoriska verkligheten

Based on an ethnographic study, the dissertation discusses the concept of "responsibility" in the context of what happened when workers were made responsible for an area of their own. It turned out that "being responsible", was related to a narrative identity that differed from the one they used before they were made formally responsible. For most of the workers, the narrative of being "responsible" was related to a new way of making sense of themselves as well as their work at hand. This new sensemaking brought about new ways of acting and responding to the organizational reality, both towards clients and towards other people in the organization. The dissertation shows how the symbolic and taken-for-granted meaning can be unpacked and themathized through grounded theory informed analyses. It also demonstrates how organizational transformation can be regarded as a transformation in sensemaking and identity, as well as top management's role in this process. The meaning of "responsibility" revealed from field studies in three companies shows great similarities with the view on organizational change and responsibility previously demonstrated by Follett in the beginning of the century and discussed explicitly in the 90s both by feminist researchers and by other critics of a rationalist concept of responsibility. The rationalist view upon responsiblity, rooted in the views of Taylor, Fayol and Barnard, constructs "responsibility" as a concept closely related to hierarchies and (abstract and general) principles. It is argued here that the results of the empirical study cannot be properly understood only from a rationalist concept of responsibility. Instead, a counternarrative is constructed, regarding responsiblity as a creative and emotional response to a specific context, thereby both following and breaking rules at the same time.
Dedicated temperature sensing with c-axis oriented single-crystal ruby (Cr/sup 3+/:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) fibers: temperature and strain dependences of R-line fluorescence

Single-crystal fibers of ruby (Cr/sup 3+/:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) with approximately 0.1 wt. % Cr/sup 3+/ have been produced by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. The fluorescence emissions of the R/sub 1/ and R/sub 2/ lines were studied as functions of temperature and strain. Fluorescence decay lifetime measurements indicate that these fibers may be suitable for thermometric applications up to 973 K while strain measurements show only a very weak dependence. Similarly, characterization of the R-line shifts also show a weak strain sensitivity and an appreciably larger change with temperature. One fiber sample has been tested to destruction to demonstrate this weak strain dependence. Single-crystal ruby fibers are, thus, found to be potential candidates for dedicated temperature sensing from room temperature to /spl sim/923 K.
Dynamic analysis of a snap-action micromechanism

Snap-action bistable mechanisms have a practical use in applications when very few but well defined and repeatable states of a micro-mechanism are required. Some obvious applications include micro-switches, addressable MEMS-based pixel arrays, and tunable optical filters. We have explored the dynamic switching phenomena analytically and experimentally. This paper reports on a detailed mathematical model governing the non-linear response of a bistable micromechanism in its bistable equilibrium, analytical results describing non-linear dynamics of the mechanism near its equilibrium state and transient dynamics of switching between bistable states, and design, fabrication, and characterization results bistable micromechanism in their upper bistable equilibrium.
A new device to estimate VO2 during incline walking by accelerometry and barometry.

PURPOSE To examine whether the biased estimation of oxygen consumption rate (VO2, mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) by accelerometry during incline walking can be improved by the addition of altitude changes as measured by barometry. METHODS We measured VO2 by respiratory gas analysis and vector magnitude (VM, G) from triaxial accelerations in 42 healthy people (mean +/- SD age = 63 +/- 7 yr) during graded walking on a treadmill while the incline was varied from -15% to +15%. They walked at subjectively slow, moderate, and fast speeds on level and uphill inclines and, in addition to these, at their fastest speed at 0% incline. They then walked at approximately 3, 4, and 5 km x h(-1) on downhill inclines for 3 min each. We determined a regression equation to estimate VO2 from VM and theoretical vertical upward (Hu, m x min(-1)) and downward speeds (Hd, m x min(-1)) for the last 1 min of each trial. To validate the precision of the equation, we measured VM and altitude changes with a portable device equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and a barometer in 11 of the 42 subjects walking on an outdoor hill and compared the estimated VO2 with the value simultaneously measured by respiratory gas analysis. RESULTS VO2 above resting was estimated from VO2 = 0.044 VM + 1.365 Hu + 0.553 Hd (r = 0.93, P < 0.001) and the estimated V O2(y) was almost identical to the measured VO2(x) (y = 0.97x, r = 0.88, P < 0.001) with a mean difference of -0.20 +/- 3.47 (mean +/- SD) by Bland-Altman analysis in the range of 2.0-33.0 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1). CONCLUSIONS VO2 during walking on various inclines can be precisely estimated by using the device equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and a barometer.
CMAP: effective fusion of quality and relevance for multi-criteria recommendation

The research issue of recommender systems has been treated as a classical regression problem over the decades and has obtained a great success. In the next generation of recommender systems, multi-criteria recommendation has been predicted as an important direction. Different from traditional recommender systems that aim particularly at recommending high-quality items evaluated by users' ratings, inmulti-criteria recommendation, quality only serves as one criterion, and many other criteria such as relevance, coverage, and diversity should be simultaneously optimized. Although recently there is work investigating each single criterion, there is rarely any literature that reports how each single criterion impacts each other and how to combine them in real applications. Thus in this paper, we study the relationship of two criteria, quality and relevance, as a preliminary work in multi-criteria recommendation. We first give qualitative and quantitative analysis of competitive quality-based and relevance-based algorithms in these two criteria to show that both algorithms cannot work well in the opposite criteria. Then we propose an integrated metric and finally investigate how to combine previous work together into an unified model. In the combination, we introduce a Continuous-time MArkov Process (CMAP) algorithm for ranking, which enables principled and natural integration with features derived from both quality-based and relevance-based algorithms. Through experimental verification, the combined methods can significantly outperform either single quality-based or relevance-based algorithms in the integrated metric and the CMAP model outperforms traditional combination methods by around 3%. Its linear complexity with respect to the number of users and items leads to satisfactory performance, as demonstrated by the around 7-hour computational time for over 480k users and almost 20k items.
Effects of electrical fields upon regeneration in the metazoa.

This discussion briefly reviews some of the most important literature concerning the effects of electrical currents upon regeneration in the Metazoa, including results of experiments upon both invertebrate and vertebrate forms. In addition, a brief description is presented of an original experiment demonstrating the orientation of stolonal growth in an electric field in Peropliora viridis ( Protochordata ). In general, the effects may be divided into two categories: those associated with polarity and orientation of growth, and those associated with the state of differentiation of the cell. The modes of action of the electric current are considered to be probably twofold: transfer of information-bearing molecules from cell to cell; and direct effect of current upon membrane-permeability, cellular movement, and metabolic stale. In addition, the hormonal state of the organism, at least in the vertebrates, is probably important in modulating the effect.
Back to sleep: good advice for parents but not for hospitals?

BACKGROUND In October 1998, when we surveyed nurses working in Iowa obstetric units about infant sleeping position in the hospital and recommendations for infant sleeping position at home, we learned that the side position was used frequently in the hospital and also was considered to be an acceptable alternative for sleeping position at home. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our present study was to determine why nurses continued to use and endorse the side sleeping position rather than the supine position. DESIGN We surveyed all Iowa hospitals that had an obstetric service as of July 1999 to learn why the side position was used. RESULTS All 94 hospitals with obstetric services responded to the survey and revealed that 2 major factors were considered when an infant was put to sleep on his/her side. The most frequent response was fear of aspiration (57 responses or 51.4%) and the second was adherence to a federal brochure that lists side sleeping as a reasonable alternative (38 responses or 34.2%). CONCLUSION We conclude that the reasons reported for use of the side position in Iowa maternity hospitals do not justify its continuing use. We believe that information about the importance of placing an infant on his/her back to sleep and its superiority over placing an infant on his/her side to sleep is sufficient to warrant its availability in every maternity hospital. We speculate that if the infant sleeping position used in the hospital is not different from that taught to parents, there will be less parental confusion and greater adherence to infant positioning shown to reduce sudden infant death syndrome.
The Telling Tail: Signals of Success in Electronic Negotiation Texts

We analyze the linguistic behaviour of participants in bilateral electronic negotiations, and discover that particular language characteristics are in contrast with face-to-face negotiations. Language patterns in the later part of electronic negotiation are highly indicative of the successful or unsuccessful outcome of the process, whereas in face-toface negotiations, the first part of the negotiation is more useful for predicting the outcome. We formulate our problem in terms of text classification on negotiation segments of different sizes. The data are represented by a variety of linguistic features that capture the gist of the discussion: negotiationor strategy-related words. We show that, as we consider ever smaller final segments of a negotiation transcript, the negotiationrelated words become more indicative of the negotiation outcome, and give predictions with higher Accuracy than larger segments from the beginning of the process.
Gaze characteristics of freely walking blowflies Calliphora vicina in a goal-directed task

In contrast to flying flies, walking flies experience relatively strong rotational gaze shifts, even during overall straight phases of locomotion. These gaze shifts are caused by the walking apparatus and modulated by the stride frequency. Accordingly, even during straight walking phases, the retinal image flow is composed of both translational and rotational optic flow, which might affect spatial vision, as well as fixation behavior. We addressed this issue for an orientation task where walking blowflies approached a black vertical bar. The visual stimulus was stationary, or either the bar or the background moved horizontally. The stride-coupled gaze shifts of flies walking toward the bar had similar amplitudes under all visual conditions tested. This finding indicates that these shifts are an inherent feature of walking, which are not even compensated during a visual goal fixation task. By contrast, approaching flies showed a frequent stop-and-go behavior that was affected by the stimulus conditions. As sustained image rotations may impair distance estimation during walking, we propose a hypothesis that explains how rotation-independent translatory image flow containing distance information can be determined. The algorithm proposed works without requiring differentiation at the behavioral level of the rotational and translational flow components. By contrast, disentangling both has been proposed to be necessary during flight. By comparing the retinal velocities of the edges of the goal, its rotational image motion component can be removed. Consequently, the expansion velocity of the goal and, thus, its proximity can be extracted, irrespective of distance-independent stride-coupled rotational image shifts.