Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Is a Fracture Healed? Radiographic and Clinical Criteria Revisited

Selecting the most appropriate outcome measures can be especially burdensome in trials studying fracture healing, because the process of fracture healing is subjective and without a gold standard. Although a wide variety of radiographic modalities are available, plain radiography remains the most common approach for healing assessment. Radiographic criteria, however, do not correlate well with fracture strength and stiffness. Additional challenges include a lack of consensus in what radiographic measures are most appropriate in the assessment of healing. In this article, we provide an overview of the most commonly used radiographic and clinical criteria for defining fracture healing. The validity and reliability of alternative approaches is also discussed.
Gendering CSR in the Arab Middle East: An Institutional Perspective

ABSTRACT: This paper explores how corporations, through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities, can help to effect positive developmental change. We use research on institutional change, deinstitutionalization, and institutional work to develop our central theoretical framework. This framework allows us to suggest more explicitly how CSR can potentially be mobilized as a purposive form of institutional work aimed at disrupting existing institutions in favor of positive change. We take the gender institution in the Arab Middle East as a case in point. Our suggestion is that the current context of the Arab Spring, which combined with increasingly obvious endogenous institutional contradictions, has created a fertile ground for shaping change processes within the gender institution. Finally, we provide concrete examples of CSR initiatives that regional corporate actors can engage in for positive developmental change supporting women.
Large-scale prediction of drug-target interactions from deep representations

Identifying drug-target interactions (DTIs) is a major challenge in drug development. Traditionally, similarity-based methods use drug and target similarity matrices to infer the potential drug-target interactions. But these techniques do not handle biochemical data directly. While recent feature-based methods reveal simple patterns of physicochemical properties, efficient method to study large interactive features and precisely predict interactions is still missing. Deep learning has been found to be an appropriate tool for converting high-dimensional features to low-dimensional representations. These deep representations generated from drug-protein pair can serve as training examples for the interaction predictor. In this paper, we propose a promising approach called multi-scale features deep representations inferring interactions (MFDR). We extract the large-scale chemical structure and protein sequence descriptors so as to machine learning model predict if certain human target protein can interact with a specific drug. MFDR use Auto-Encoders as building blocks of deep network for reconstruct drug and protein features to low-dimensional new representations. Then, we make use of support vector machine to infer the potential drug-target interaction from deep representations. The experiment result shows that a deep neural network with Stacked Auto-Encoders exactly output interactive representations for the DTIs prediction task. MFDR is able to predict large-scale drug-target interactions with high accuracy and achieves results better than other feature-based approaches.
The Quest for Hellenism: Religion, Nationalism and Collective Identities in Greece (1453-1913)

The main aim of this essay is to offer a critical survey of the development of Greek collective identities, between 1453 and 1913. That period witnessed dramatic transformations, and the arrival of a modernising and Westernising wave, which crashed onto the Greek shores in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The ensuing clash between Western and modern ideas of nationalism on the one hand, and time-honoured local mentalities nurtured by Orthodoxy and the Ottoman millet system, on the other, was intense. This paper attempts to chart some salient aspects of that struggle, to discuss the evolution of concepts and words, such as "Hellene" [Έλληνας], "Hellenism" [Eλληνισμός], "Roman" [Ρωμιός] and "Romiosyne" [Ρωμιοσύνη], and to place them within their changing historical context.
L2 Influence on L1 in Late Bilingualism

The purpose of the present paper is to bring together several studies in an emerging area of inquiry—that of second language (L2) influence on the first language (L1) in adulthood—in order to reconceptualize the findings within a unitary theoretical framework. Previous research has convincingly established that L2 may influence and even overtake L1 in childhood L2 learning (cf. Wong-Fillmore, 1991). In the present paper, evidence is presented that similar processes may take place in adult L2 learning and use, with L2 influencing L1 phonology, morphosyntax, lexis, semantics, pragmatics, rhetoric, and conceptual representations. The processes taking place in these diverse areas are brought together within a single framework as borrowing, convergence, shift, restructuring, and loss. Possible constraints on L2 influence in adulthood are proposed and theoretical implications discussed, in particular with regard to the nature of L1 competence.
Promoting more gender-equitable norms and behaviors among young men as an HIV/AIDS prevention strategy.

There is growing evidence that HIV/STI and violence risk for both young men and young women is linked to early socialization that promotes certain gender roles as the norm. These norms include support for men to have multiple partners or to maintain control over the behavior of their female partners. Thus addressing gender norms--the societal messages that dictate what is appropriate or expected behavior for males and females--is increasingly recognized as an important strategy to prevent the spread of HIV infection. Few interventions to promote gender-equitable behavior among young men have been systematically implemented or evaluated and relatively little is known about how best to measure changes in gender norms and their effect on HIV/STI protective and risk behaviors. To address these gaps the Horizons Program and Instituto Promundo with support from USAID SSL International the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and JohnSnowBrasil examined the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve young mens attitudes toward gender norms and to reduce HIV/STI risk. (excerpt)
Changes in newcomers' psychological contracts during organizational socialization: a study of recruits entering the British Army

A study into changes in the psychological contracts held by newcomer recruits into the British Army is reported. Following a review of the disparate literatures on organizational socialization and the psychological contract, the need for integrative research which examines changes in perceived expectations during the organizational entry process is asserted. Four specific hypotheses are derived from this review. A sample of 880 recruits completed questionnaire measures on day one and 314 subsequently eight weeks into training. Responses were compared against a sample of 1157 experienced ‘insider’ soldiers. It was found that newcomers' expectations of the Army increased significantly on several dimensions; that these changes were predicted by learning about Army life; that perceived importance of dimensions of Army life increased; and most importantly, that these changes were generally toward the insider norms of experienced soldiers. The implications of the developing nature of the psychological contract are discussed. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric oxide‐mediated promotion of mammary tumour cell migration requires sequential activation of nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase

Using clonal derivatives of spontaneous mammary tumours in C3H/HeJ mice, we had earlier shown that tumour‐derived nitric oxide (NO), resulting from endothelial type (e) NO synthase (NOS) expression by tumour cells, promoted tumour growth and metastasis by multiple mechanisms: stimulation of tumour cell invasiveness, migration and angiogenesis. Our present study examined the signaling mechanisms underlying NO‐mediated promotion of tumour cell migration in a highly metastatic and high eNOS‐expressing C3H/HeJ mammary tumour cell line, C3L5. C3L5 cell migration was reduced in the presence of NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, NOS inhibitor) in a concentration‐dependent manner and restored in the additional presence of excess L‐arginine (NOS substrate), confirming a migration‐promoting role of endogenous NO. Migratory capacity of C3L5 cells was reduced after treatment with the guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor 1‐H‐[1,2,4]oxadiaxolo[4,3‐a]quinolalin‐1‐one (ODQ) and restored in the additional presence of 8‐bromoguanosine 3′5′‐cyclic monophosphate (8‐Br cGMP, cGMP analogue), demonstrating a pivotal role for GC in C3L5 cell migration. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK; MEK) inhibitor, UO126, blocked migration, demonstrating MEK involvement in C3L5 cell migration. Furthermore, both ODQ and UO126 blocked migration‐restoring effects of L‐arginine in L‐NAME‐treated cells, indicating that GC and MAPK pathways are required for endogenous NO‐mediated migratory responses. Similarly, L‐NAME reduced and additional treatment with excess L‐arginine or sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2), demonstrating a role for endogenous and exogenous NO in ERK1/2 activation. ODQ inhibited ERK1/2 activation, whereas 8‐Br cGMP stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in L‐NAME‐treated cells, indicating that cGMP is a downstream effector of NOS for ERK1/2 activation. Finally, both ODQ and UO126 blocked the capacity of L‐arginine to restore ERK1/2 phosphorylation in L‐NAME‐treated cells, demonstrating that GC and MEK are both required for endogenous NO‐mediated MAPK activation. Together, these results indicate sequential activation of NOS, GC and MAPK pathways in mediating signals for C3L5 cell migration, an essential step in invasion and metastasis. Since NOS activity is positively associated with human breast cancer progression, the present results are relevant for development of therapeutic modalities for this disease. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of the SUMO modification system is required for the accumulation of RAD51 at sites of DNA damage

Summary Genetic information encoded in chromosomal DNA is challenged by intrinsic and exogenous sources of DNA damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are extremely dangerous DNA lesions. RAD51 plays a central role in homologous DSB repair, by facilitating the recombination of damaged DNA with intact DNA in eukaryotes. RAD51 accumulates at sites containing DNA damage to form nuclear foci. However, the mechanism of RAD51 accumulation at sites of DNA damage is still unclear. Post-translational modifications of proteins, such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitylation play a role in the regulation of protein localization and dynamics. Recently, the covalent binding of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target proteins, termed SUMOylation, at sites containing DNA damage has been shown to play a role in the regulation of the DNA-damage response. Here, we show that the SUMOylation E2 ligase UBC9, and E3 ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4, are required for RAD51 accretion at sites containing DNA damage in human cells. Moreover, we identified a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) in RAD51, which is necessary for accumulation of RAD51 at sites of DNA damage. These findings suggest that the SUMO–SIM system plays an important role in DNA repair, through the regulation of RAD51 dynamics.
Identity Development and Academic Achievement in Early Adolescence

Data from 208 sixth, seventh and eighth graders were analyzed to examine the relationship between academic achievement, school attendance, and identity development. Regression analysis results indicated that students who held higher Diffusion scores on the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS) showed a lower absence rate and lower math achievement scores; those with higher Moratorium scores showed a higher absence rate and higher math scores; and those with higher EOM-EIS Interpersonal Achievement scores did better on the math achievement measure than did their peers. In addition, for those who scored higher on the Foreclosure scale, a negative relationship was demonstrated with absence, math scores, and language scores. These results indicated that the identity status of middle-level students bears a significant relationship to th1eir academic achievement, particularly for those who tend to score high on the measure of Foreclosure.
[Genetic association between the reduced amplitude of the P300 and the allele A1 of the gene which codifies the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) as possible biological markers for alcoholism].

INTRODUCTION Over the last twenty years much work has been done to study the P300 in alcoholism. A systematically reduced amplitude, both in patients and in populations at risk (children of alcoholics) was found. Besides, studies on twins indicate that the waves of the evoked potentials are under genetic control. Furthermore, advances in molecular genetic techniques have clarified the part played by the allele A1 of the gene which codifies the D2 dopamine receptor in alcoholism. Only in recent years have studies been published relating them and in these they are considered to be risk markers for alcoholism. However, contradictory results have been obtained. DEVELOPMENT The objective of this study is to review part of the literature and find evidence for and against the characteristics observed in the P300 and the possible part played by the DRD2 gene in the aetiology of alcoholism and the relationship between them. At the same time we consider the most relevant theoretical aspects of the role played by dopamine in the central nervous system, since some studies have shown that it is involved in the generation of P300 and reinforcement due to alcohol consumptions. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages that should be taken into account when considering the low amplitude of P300 and the presence of the A1 allele as diagnostic markers to identify populations at risk and thus avoid appearance of the disorder.
Toward a runtime system for reconfigurable computers: A virtualization approach

In this paper we propose a virtualization layer to handle the program execution on reconfigurable computers in order to address one of their biggest problems which is the management of the reconfigurable hardware in a multitasking environment. The virtualization layer is responsible for allocating the hardware at run-time based on the status of the system. Furthermore, it provides a consistent and low overhead interface to decouple the process of software development from hardware design which will result in the software to be independent of the underlying reconfigurable hardware. This paper discusses the virtual layer's specification and components. Our preliminary results for a prototype simulated on Molen hardware organization show a competitive performance comparing with an optimal hardware allocation.
The pathogenicity and host immune response associated with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in quail.

Quail, like chickens, are susceptible to H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). Both birds experience high mortality, but quail usually survive a few more days than chicken. To understand why, we monitored quail and chickens after inoculation with 10(6) fifty-percent egg infectious doses of HPAIV A/whooper swan/Aomori/1/2008 (H5N1). The clinical course initiated as depression at 48 hr post inoculation (h.p.i.) in quail and at 36 h.p.i. in chicken, and all infected birds died. Mean death time of quail (91 hr) was significantly longer than that of chicken (66 hr). The virus titers of most tissue samples collected before death were not significantly different. At 24 h.p.i. , interferon gamma (IFN-γ) mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was up-regulated in the quail but down-regulated in the chicken, although TLR-7 and seven other cytokines showed no significant differences between quail and chicken. The viral load in quail PBMC was significantly lower than that in chickens. These results suggest that the induction of IFN-γ after HPAIV infection in quail is related to lower titer of HPAIV. In conclusion, the different clinical courses observed between quail and chicken infected with H5N1 HPAIV might be caused by different IFN-γ responses against the HPAIV infection.
Morphometric alterations of anterior superior temporal cortex in obsessive–compulsive disorder

The superior temporal gyrus (STG) may be involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Moreover, the anterior STG has rich interconnections with the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala, and plays a role in visuospatial processing, which is impaired in patients with OCD. This study was designed to examine the morphological abnormalities of the anterior STG and their relationships with visuospatial function and clinical symptom in patients with OCD. We measured gray matter volumes of the anterior STG [rostral STG and planum polare (PP)] by three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging in age‐ and sex‐matched groups, which consisted of 22 patients with OCD and 22 normal volunteers. Visuospatial function and clinical symptom were assessed using the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test, the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory. We found significant volume reductions in bilateral PPs, but there were no significant correlations between brain volumes and the ROCF copy score, immediate or delayed recall score, and clinical symptom in patients with OCD. These results suggest that volume reduction of the anterior STG, especially the PP, may be related to the pathophysiology of OCD, but further research may be needed to explore a relationship of the PP volume change with cognitive impairment observed in patients with OCD. Depression and Anxiety 23:290–296, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING GRAMMAR FOR HIGH AND LOW MOTIVATED STUDENTS The Case of The Tenth Graders of Sman 1 Bangsri In The Academic Year of 2013/2014

Although the present body of literature supports the use of project-based learning (PBL) to teach grammatical accuracy, there is still huge urgency to investigate its effectiveness for language learners with different motivation. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of PBL, the effect motivation in teaching grammar for ten graders and the interaction among techniques, motivation, and students’ grammar. The study is a 2X2 factorial research design involving 48 students in two experimental groups and two control groups. The samples are divided into high and low motivated where the experimental groups are taught using PBL and the control groups are taught using collaborative learning. The data are collected by using a pretest and a posttest. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) is used for analyzing the data. The content analysis reveals that students’ motivation does not effect students grammar significantly in both experimental and control groups. The finding also shows that both techniques are effective to improve students’ grammatical accuracy for high and low motivated students. The analysis of variance shows that there is no interaction among students’ motivation, techniques, and students’ grammar with the level of significance at 0.934. The study suggests that teachers must be able to consider the presence of both variables in teaching and learning, especially to teach grammatical accuracy.
Integration of Geological, Geophysical and Seismological Data for Seismic Hazard Assessment Using Spatial Matching Index

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) takes into account as much data as possible for defining the initial seismic source zone model. In response to this, an algorithm has been developed for integration of geological, geophysical and seismological data through a spatial index showing the presence or absence of a potential seismic source feature in the input data. The spatial matching index (SMI) is calculated to define the coincidence of independent data showing any indications for existence of a fault structure. It is applied for hazard assessment of Bulgaria through quantification of the seismic potential of 416 square blocks, 20 × 20 km in size covering the entire territory of Bulgaria and extended by 20 km outside of the country borders. All operations are carried out in GIS environment using its capabilities to work with different types of georeferenced spatial data. Results show that the highest seismic potential (largest SMI) is observed in 56 block elements (13% of the territory) clearly delineating cores of the source zones. Partial match is registered in 98 block elements when one of the features is missing. Not any evidence for earthquake occurrence is predicted by our calculation in 117 elements, comprising 28% of the examined area. The quantitative parameter for spatial data integration which is obtained in the present research may be used to analyze information regardless of its type and purpose.
Glacial earthquakes.

We have detected dozens of previously unknown, moderate earthquakes beneath large glaciers. The seismic radiation from these earthquakes is depleted at high frequencies, explaining their nondetection by traditional methods. Inverse modeling of the long-period seismic waveforms from the best-recorded earthquake, in southern Alaska, shows that the seismic source is well represented by stick-slip, downhill sliding of a glacial ice mass. The duration of sliding in the Alaska earthquake is 30 to 60 seconds, about 15 to 30 times longer than for a regular tectonic earthquake of similar magnitude.
On the Network of Associations among EFL Learners' Language Learning Strategies, Mindfulness and Personality Traits: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Language learning strategies, personality traits and mindfulness represent three individual learner characteristics that appear to play a crucial role in learners' success or failure in EFL contexts. The main purpose of this study was to scrutinize the network of associations among these three variables and their respective sub-scales. We used Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) to measure the variables. The results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis confirmed the hypothesized model of relationships among the study variables. The final model of the network of associations among variables also revealed significant correlations among various sub-scales of the study. The findings of this study have various implications for language teachers and psycholinguistic researchers. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}