Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Innovation Spaces: The Cases of China and India

This chapter describes the development of China and India as innovation spaces, with a focus on the developments of their patent systems, and related policies, and on the flows of patents into and out from these countries. This chapter aims to bring some clarity to the current developments of China and India as innovation spaces, especially in terms of their intellectual property rights developments. More specifically, the chapter aims to answer three questions related to this development: (1) Who patents in China and India? (2) Where do Chinese and Indian inventors patent? (3) What do Chinese and Indian inventors patent?
Quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication using the World Health Organisation (WHO) questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE to assess quality of life (QOL) in patients with intermittent claudication. DESIGN a prospective, open study. MATERIAL AND METHOD one hundred and fifty-one consecutive claudicants (100 men, 51 women), and 161 healthy controls (70 men and 91 women) completed an adapted version of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment Instrument-100. RESULTS patients scored significantly worse on the domains Physical health and Level of independence, as well as on the facets Pain and discomfort, Energy and fatigue, Mobility, Activities of daily living, Dependence on medication and treatments, Working capacity, Negative feelings, Recreation and leisure and Overall QOL and general health. Increasing disease to incapacitating claudication affected only the facet Mobility and the domain Level of independence. CONCLUSION QOL in patients with intermittent claudication is reduced in many aspects. Where co-morbidity seems to affect QOL strongly, the effect of walking distance on QOL might be small. These findings may justify a reserved attitude towards invasive, even minimally invasive treatment of these patients.
Neo-liberalism, varieties of capitalism, and the shifting contours of South Africa's financial system

This article focuses on the role played by both national and global finance in comparative economic performance. It critically examines financial economics, arguing that both the Efficient Markets Hypothesis and the New Financial Economics, with its emphasis on market imperfections, information asymmetries and financial systems, fail fully to explain theoretically the specific role played by finance in the economy and the emergence of specific financial systems. It cannot provide, therefore, an adequate account of variety in capitalism. Neither, however, can the Varieties of Capitalism literature which rejects excessively homogenising visions of institutional convergence but which foregrounds institutional variety without providing an adequate theory of institutions or a deeper theory of capital and capitalism. The argument is demonstrated through an examination of the changing nature of South Africa's financial system from the apartheid to the post-apartheid periods and its insertion in both national and global economies. Financialisation, it is argued, incorporates a global dynamic into the economic and social formation of class interests and national economies which is seen clearly in the South African case. The argument therefore provides a critique of both mainstream financial economics and the Varieties of Capitalism literature and sheds light on the relationship between finance and the real economy and the nature of contemporary capitalism.
Syndrome of the month Cartilage-hair hypoplasia

Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) or McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MIM No 250250)' is a rare autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia with short limbed short stature, hypoplastic hair, and defective immunity and erythrogenesis.2' The major radiological abnormalities are confined to the metaphyseal regions of the tubular bones.67 The disease is prevalent among the Old Order Amish in the United States and in the Finnish population.28 While genealogical data confirm autosomal recessive inheritance, segregation analysis shows a lack of affected persons among both the Amish and Finnish CHH families; this has been interpreted as a possible example of reduced penetrance.28 The CHH gene was recently assigned to chromosome 9 by linkage analysis,9 and its localisation refined. '0 This has allowed prenatal diagnosis in four cases. IOA
Organisational culture and information systems implementation: a critical perspective

This research explores how information systems (IS) implementation is accomplished when cultural change of an organisation is attempted and what this accomplishment means for those touched by it. Efforts of this kind are being made in the UK National Health Service (NHS), Where modernisation programmes involving technological rationalisation and change are aiming to make the NHS more responsive to contemporary public demands. This study focuses on the ambulance services and specifically on a history of IS implementation efforts over 20 year at the largest and most appraised of the English services, the London Ambulance Service (LAS). A perceived need for cultural change involving the use of advanced information technologies is pervasive in managerial and ministerial discourses about modernising the health service. Yet the way that ambulance services are regulated and monitored has given rise to a modernisation programme in which cultural change and IS implementation have been conceived largely instrumentally in terms of achieving performance targets. Moreover, goals to which the modernisation efforts aspire are at most partially realised. Organisational change is uneven, and the performance improvements achieved are contradictory, and this is not only true in London but elsewhere in the UK. Drawing from organisational theory and critical social theory, past IS implementation efforts at the LAS are reinterpreted in light of recent developments, with contributions to theory and practice in mind. The theoretical contribution rests in exploring how emotion as well as rationality may be conceptualised to examine historically and culturally constituted working practices. Implications for practice address how IS implementation can give rise to cultural fragmentation, and also how professional identity can constrain IS innovation. Finally, the research contributes to a current debate about the future for ambulance services and the mechanisms used to evaluate their performance.
Changes in Analysts' Information around Earnings Announcements

In this study we examine changes in the precision and the commonality of information contained in individual analysts' earnings forecasts, focusing on changes around earnings announcements. Using the empirical proxies suggested by the Barron et al. (1998) model that are based on the across‐analyst correlation in forecast errors, we conclude that the commonality of information among active analysts decreases around earnings announcements. We also conclude that the idiosyncratic information contained in these individual analysts' forecasts increases immediately after earnings announcements, and that this increase is more significant as more analysts revise their forecasts. These results are consistent with theories positing that an important role of accounting disclosures is to trigger the generation of idiosyncratic information by elite information processors such as financial analysts (Kim and Verrecchia 1994, 1997).
SEGMENTATION OF LUNG MALIGNANT CANCER TISSUES USING PCA AND ACART METHOD IN MR IMAGES FOR HUGE DATA SET 1

Image mining is one of the main research areas in the field of computer science. In this procedure, lung malignancy is a standout amongst the most destructive infection in the human body. It is the second most risky sickness in the world. In this work, we assessed the execution of Advanced Classification & Regression Tree (ACART) strategy to distinguish lung diseases that were ignored or confused with a lung MRI images for human at expanding hazard. The ACART order technique is one of the humblest technique in theoretically and it is a top strategy in image mining. Identification and classification systems are about expanding enthusiasm to medical experts who wish to recognize effortlessly. Advanced Classification & Regression Tree (ACART) examination is a nonparametric decision tree system that can productively segment populaces into significant subgroups. In this work, the upgraded ACART method has been executed to distinguish the tumor and programmed order of benevolent and dangerous tissues in the colossal measure of picture datasets. In this proposed framework, we have utilized two phases, in first preprocessing stage, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method has been utilized to enhance the nature of the image. In the second stage, we improved ACART classifier has been utilized for distinguishing the benign and malignant tissues. The image classification process of ACART method is tested in huge amount of MRI image datasets. The technique for lung growth forecast is only the separation of separation of various disease zone from Magnetic Resonance (MR) pictures. This research gives a methodological process of ACRT investigation for people new to the technique. The results of ACART findings are validated with those methods obtained from best classification accuracy.
Seasonal Variation in the Food Habits of the Eurasian Harvest Mouse (Micromys minutus) from Western Tokyo, Japan

A previous quantitative analysis of the food composition of the Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) in Japan showed that it is insectivorous and granivorous. This supports the expectation that such a small mammal requires highly nutritious foods. Other studies have analyzed the feces of harvest mice, but these were only collected during winter in order to minimize disturbance of the animals. In the present study, we collected samples from all four seasons in order to understand changes in diet throughout the year. Results showed apparent seasonal differences in the diet of harvest mice. Insects accounted for ca. 30% of the diet in summer and autumn and seeds increased from 27% in winter to 50% in spring, suggesting the insectivorous nature of the harvest mouse in summer and autumn and graminivorous nature in winter and spring. These results strongly suggest that the harvest mouse is an opportunistic feeder. It has previously been thought that the harvest mice capture insects in the stalk zone of tall grassland community, but here, DNA analysis shows that harvest mice feed on ground-dwelling invertebrates, such as pill bugs (Armadillidium sp.) and carrion beetles (Calosilpha sp. or Ptomascopus sp.). This suggests that the harvest mouse goes down to the ground to feed on them.
Credit and Unemployment: Do Institutions Matter?

we analyse the relationship between firms' access to credit and unemployment in the second section. The third section is dedicated to the literature on institutional and legal determinants of the access to credit. In the fourth section, we both complete and moderate the view developed in the second section, stressing the complex interactions that exist between financial arrangements and labour market institutions. The final section concludes.
Therapeutic Discovery A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Glucose Transporter 1 Downregulates Glycolysis , Induces Cell-Cycle Arrest , and Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo

The functional and therapeutic importance of the Warburg effect is increasingly recognized, and glycolysis has become a target of anticancer strategies. We recently reported the identification of a group of novel small compounds that inhibit basal glucose transport and reduce cancer cell growth by a glucose deprivation–like mechanism.We hypothesized that the compounds target Glut1 and are efficacious in vivo as anticancer agents. Here, we report that a novel representative compound WZB117 not only inhibited cell growth in cancer cell lines but also inhibited cancer growth in a nude mouse model. Daily intraperitoneal injection of WZB117 at 10 mg/kg resulted in a more than 70% reduction in the size of human lung cancer of A549 cell origin. Mechanism studies showed that WZB117 inhibited glucose transport in human red blood cells (RBC), which express Glut1 as their sole glucose transporter. Cancer cell treatment withWZB117 led to decreases in levels of Glut1 protein, intracellular ATP, and glycolytic enzymes. All these changes were followed by increase in ATPsensing enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and declines in cyclin E2 as well as phosphorylated retinoblastoma, resulting in cell-cycle arrest, senescence, and necrosis. Addition of extracellular ATP rescued compound-treated cancer cells, suggesting that the reductionof intracellularATPplays an important role in the anticancer mechanism of the molecule. Senescence induction and the essential role of ATP were reported for the first time in Glut1 inhibitor–treated cancer cells. Thus, WZB117 is a prototype for further development of anticancer therapeutics targeting Glut1-mediated glucose transport and glucose metabolism.Mol Cancer Ther; 11(8); 1672–82. 2012 AACR.
Sleep disturbances predict future sickness absence among individuals with lower back or neck-shoulder pain: A 5-year prospective study

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common causes of sickness absence. Sleep disturbances are often co-occurring with pain, but the relationship between sleep and pain is complex. Little is known about the importance of self-reported sleep, when predicting sickness absence among persons with musculoskeletal pain. This study aims to study the association between self-reported sleep quality and sickness absence 5 years later, among individuals stratified by presence of lower back pain (LBP) and neck and shoulder pain (NSP). Methods: The cohort (n = 2286) in this 5-year prospective study (using data from the MUSIC-Norrtälje study) was stratified by self-reported pain into three groups: no LBP or NSP, solely LBP or NSP, and oncurrent LBP and NSP. Odds ratios (ORs) for the effect of self-reported sleep disturbances at baseline on sickness absence (> 14 consecutive days), 5 years later, were calculated. Results: Within all three pain strata, individuals reporting the most sleep problems showed a significantly higher OR for all-cause sickness absence, 5 years later. The group with the most pronounced sleep problems within the concurrent LBP and NSP stratum had a significantly higher OR (OR 2.00; CI 1.09–3.67) also for long-term sickness absence (> 90days) 5 years later, compared to the group with the best sleep. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances predict sickness absence among individuals regardless of co-existing features of LBP and/or NSP. The clinical evaluation of patients should take possible sleep disturbances into account in the planning of treatments.
Girls' resilience : negotiating power through discourses of community, gender, success & space

Media representations and public discourse about girls' violence and delinquency has presented marginalized, urban girls from disadvantaged communities as risked, vulnerable and deviant. These images problematically masculinize girls and fail to recognize the social milieu of their resilience and this has largely influenced the way girls are offered programming. This thesis examines girls' resilience in ways that recognize strength in the context of classed, raced and gendered resistance. Through art-making, photography and focus group discussions with nine girls, aged 11 and 12, this research found that both femininity and community are flexible and negotiated sources of power for girls that together show signs of resilience.
The Implications of the Value Chain and Financial Institutions for Work and Employment: Insights from the Video Game Industry in Poland, Sweden and Germany

What are the reasons for national differences of international market access in high-risk software development and what is the role of employment regulation? This analysis elucidates this question based on national sector studies of the video games industry with particular focus on financial systems, skill formation as well as work and employment systems in Sweden, Germany and Poland. National financial architectures and education are a decisive factor. However, the results also suggest that the ‘varieties-of-capitalism’ (VoC) approach underestimates industry divergence within and across supposedly homogeneous national models, especially in the field of labour regulation. The author proposes to link VoC theory to a transnational perspective, which complementarily takes into account firm embeddedness in industry-specific value chains.
Changes in smoking habit among patients with a history of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

OBJECTIVE To determine the changes in smoking habit among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosed and treated in the Service of Stomatology (Valencia University General Hospital. Valencia, Spain). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 123 patients with a history of OSCC interviewed by telephone on their smoking habits at the time of the diagnosis and modifications in habits subsequently. The mean age at diagnosis was 60 years and 9 months (standard deviation, SD +/- 12 years and 2 months). Males predominated (61.8%) over females (38.2%). The mean time from the diagnosis of OSCC to the survey was 4 years and 6 months (SD +/- 3 years and 6 months). RESULTS Almost one-half of the patients (45.5%) were active smokers at the time of the diagnosis, with a mean duration of the habit of 34.9 years (SD +/- 12 years and 7 months). In turn, 19.5% of the patients were ex-smokers at diagnosis, with an average of 13 years and 9 months (SD +/- 9 years and 4 months) from smoking cessation to the development of cancer. A total of 57.1% of the smokers abandoned the habit at diagnosis, 8.9% continued to smoke to the same extent as before, and 33.9% reduced smoking. CONCLUSION A full 44.4 % of our patients diagnosed with OSCC continued to smoke despite warnings of the risks, and although the majority claimed to have reduced their smoking habit, interventional strategies would be indicated to help ensure complete smoking cessation.
Does acute primary angle-closure cause an increased choroidal thickness?

PURPOSE We compared the choroidal thickness of the eyes of patients with acute primary angle-closure (APAC) with fellow eyes in the same patients. METHODS The analysis included 21 participants with unilateral APAC affected eyes and 21 fellow eyes with a diagnosis of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS). Enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) was used to measure the macular and peripapillary retinal and choroidal thickness in both eyes. The average choroidal thickness of the APAC eyes at each location or segment was compared to that of the fellow eyes. RESULTS At all macular locations, the choroidal thickness was greatest at the subfovea for both groups. Comparison of the choroidal thickness between the groups showed that the thickness in the APAC eyes was significantly greater than in the PACS eyes at all locations except at 1 mm, 3 mm superior, 3 mm inferior, and 3 mm temporal from the fovea (P < 0.005). The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 349.0 ± 78.1 μm in the APAC eyes and 308.1 ± 70.5 μm in the PACS eyes, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.005). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly greater in association with the APAC diagnosis and diastolic blood pressure and thinner in association with older subjects. CONCLUSIONS APAC eyes have a higher level of macular choroidal thickness than PACS eyes when the IOP is reduced. However, the source of this difference is unclear and must be investigated further.
[Physiological characteristics of a low-pH tolerant strain Torulopsis glabrata RT-6].

OBJECTIVE With the aim of elucidating the physiological characteristics of a low-pH tolerant strain Torulopsis glabrata RT-6. METHODS The intracellular pH, ATP level, the membrane bound H(+)-ATPase activity, the membrane fatty acid composition and the intracellular polyphosphate content of the parent strain CCTCC M202019 and the mutant strain RT-6 were determined and compared under different pH conditions. RESULTS Compared to that of the parent strain, the cell growth and pyruvate concentration of the mutant strain RT-6 were increased by 60.6% and 85.4% (56 h), respectively. Similarly, the strain RT-6 had higher intracellular pH compared to the control strain at external pH5.0, 4.5, and 4.0. The ATP content, the membrane bound H(+)-ATPase activity and the intracellular polyphosphate content of the mutant strain RT-6 were increased by 11.7%, 13.6%, and 3.5% at external pH 5.5, while at external pH 4.0, increased by 61%, 38.6%, and 30.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the mutant strain RT-6 exhibited higher content of the unsaturated fatty acids and higher membrane fluidity. CONCLUSION Discharging more intracellular H+ and inhibiting the intracellular H+ production contributed to the strain RT-6's higher intracellular pH, and therefore the acid tolerance.
Acute kidney injury in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause of hospitalization and morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. However, the data on AKI in such patients is limited. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence, causes and outcome of AKI in HIV-positive patients from our antiretroviral therapy centre. All HIV-positive patients were evaluated for evidence of clinical AKI. AKI was noted in 138/3540 (3.9%) patients. Of 138 AKI patients, 96 (69.6%) had acquired immuno deficiency syndrome and 42 (30.4%) were HIV seropositive. Majority of AKI patients belonged to AKI network (AKIN) Stage II (42%) or III (48.5%) at presentation. Prerenal, intrinsic and postrenal AKI were noted in 53.6%, 44.2% and 2.2% of cases, respectively. Hypovolemia (44.2%) and sepsis (14.5%) contributed to AKI in vast majority of cases. AKI was multifactorial (volume depletion, sepsis and drugs) in 39% of patients. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was the most common intrinsic lesion. Acute interstitial nephritis and diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis were noted in five and two cases, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 24.64%. Lower CD4 count, decreased serum albumin level and Stage 4 WHO disease were associated with higher mortality. At 3 months or more follow-up complete recovery of renal function, chronic kidney disease Stage 3-5 and progression to end stage renal disease were noted in 58.69%, 14.5% and 2.2% of cases, respectively. Thus, prerenal factors and ischemic ATN were the most common cause of AKI in HIV-infected patients. Recovery of renal function was seen in 59% of cases, but AKI had high in-hospital mortality.
EU as Mentor? Promoting Regionalism as External Relations Practice in EU–Africa Relations

Abstract This article examines regionalism in the context of the EU inter-regional relations with Africa. It especially focuses on the EU–African Union (AU) relationship. It evaluates this relationship using a typology based on the policy diffusion literature and challenges the notion that the AU is a model of the EU. It addresses the institutionalisation of Africa’s own regional integration process in the context of the EU’s broader external relations practice, which prioritises support for local processes. Rather than a model, the article argues that the EU is best placed to serve as mentor to the AU as the latter seeks to foster regional integration in Africa. By mentoring, the EU is able to fulfil its overarching external relations commitments to local ownership, and realise deepened further integration in Africa.