Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early investment : the role of Educational Psychologists in supporting an early years setting

Background: Present literature highlights early years as an important phase of child development. Whilst Educational Psychologists have a role within early years, there is little research to state what this looks like and how it is conducted in practice. Therefore, this research considers the role an Educational Psychologist could take within an early years setting and explores the variety of work they could conduct. Participants: One early years setting from the researcher? s current Local Authority was used for this research. A total of 33 participants were involved including 11 early years staff, eight Educational Psychologists, 13 parents/carers and a Health Visitor. Methods: This study describes an academic year long Action Research (Tripp, 2003) project with the use of a Research and Development in Organisations framework (Timmins, Shepherd & Kelly, 2003). This included pre-model questionnaires, interviews with early years staff, a focus group with Educational Psychologists and a further focus group with early years staff in order to develop an initial model of educational psychology practice. Work was then completed by the researcher as part of the model of practice. Discrete pieces of work were evaluated via questionnaires, while the project as a whole was evaluated via post-model questionnaires, focus group, interview and researcher diary. Analysis / Findings: Quantitative data were summarised using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were transcribed and a thematic analysis applied. Within this study, the researcher developed a model of practice based on the needs of the setting that included being more frequently involved with casework and conducting work specifically aimed at supporting staff and parents/carers. Additionally, there were discrepancies found in the value placed by participants upon the different pieces of the work as well as the overall approach taken. Conclusion / Implications: This research suggests that there is a greater role for Educational Psychologists within early years, involving more than conducting casework but through providing a more holistic and intensive approach to supporting staff and parents/carers. This supports the existing limited literature as well as advocating a more extensive role for them within early intervention services.
Role of Preschool and Primary School Children in Epidemics of Influenza A in a Local Community in Japan during Two Consecutive Seasons with A(H3N2) as a Predominant Subtype

Enhanced influenza surveillance was implemented to analyze transmission dynamics particularly driving force of influenza transmission in a community during 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons in Odate City, Japan. In these two consecutive seasons, influenza A(H3N2) was the predominant influenza A subtype. Suspected influenza cases were tested by commercial rapid test kits. Demographic and epidemiological information of influenza positive cases were recorded using a standardized questionnaire, which included age or age group, date of visit, date of fever onset, and the result of rapid test kit. Epidemiological parameters including epidemic midpoint (EM) and growth rate (GR) were analyzed. In 2012/13 season, numbers of influenza A positive cases were significantly lower among preschool (212 cases) and primary school (224 cases) children than in 2011/12 season (461 and 538 cases, respectively). Simultaneously, total influenza A cases were also reduced from 2,092 in 2011/12 season to 1,846 in 2012/13 season. The EMs in preschool and primary school children were earlier than EMs for adult and all age group in both 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons. The GR in 2012/13 season was significantly lower than that in 2011/12 season (0.11 and 0.18, respectively, p = 0.003). Multiple linear regression analysis by school districts revealed that GRs in both seasons were significantly correlated with the incidence of school age children. Our findings suggest that preschool and primary school children played an important role as a driving force of epidemics in the community in both 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons. The reduction of total influenza A cases in 2012/13 season can be explained by decreased susceptible population in these age groups due to immunity acquired by infections in 2011/12 season. Further investigations are needed to investigate the effect of pre-existing immunity on influenza transmission in the community.
A Surrogate-Assisted Reference Vector Guided Evolutionary Algorithm for Computationally Expensive Many-Objective Optimization

We propose a surrogate-assisted reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm (EA) for computationally expensive optimization problems with more than three objectives. The proposed algorithm is based on a recently developed EA for many-objective optimization that relies on a set of adaptive reference vectors for selection. The proposed surrogate-assisted EA (SAEA) uses Kriging to approximate each objective function to reduce the computational cost. In managing the Kriging models, the algorithm focuses on the balance of diversity and convergence by making use of the uncertainty information in the approximated objective values given by the Kriging models, the distribution of the reference vectors as well as the location of the individuals. In addition, we design a strategy for choosing data for training the Kriging model to limit the computation time without impairing the approximation accuracy. Empirical results on comparing the new algorithm with the state-of-the-art SAEAs on a number of benchmark problems demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Electrical Heterogeneity and Arrhythmogenesis: Importance of Conduction Velocity Dispersion

An experimental model of conduction velocity (CV) and refractory period dispersion was established to determine which variable is a determinant of myocardial vulnerability. Anesthetized swine were instrumented with a left anterior descending coronary artery catheter for regional infusion of lidocaine (n = 6), low-dose d-sotalol (n = 4), high-dose d-sotalol (n = 6), or saline (n = 6), to create dispersion in CV (lidocaine), refractoriness (d-sotalol), or neither (saline). Ventricular fibrillation thresholds (VFTs) and refractory periods were determined at five sites (one drug perfused, four non–drug perfused). CV was determined in one drug-perfused area (left ventricular epicardial apex) and one non–drug perfused area (right ventricular epicardial base). Lidocaine and low- and high-dose d-sotalol increased VFT when stimuli were delivered in the drug-perfused area. However, lidocaine decreased VFT when stimuli were delivered at non–drug perfused areas by an average of 52%. Neither d-sotalol dose affected VFT when stimuli were delivered in non–drug perfused areas. Lidocaine increased CV dispersion by 18–26 cm/s but did not alter refractoriness. Both d-sotalol doses increased dispersion in refractoriness by 15–27 ms but did not alter CV. Saline did not affect either variable. Regional lidocaine had profibrillatory effects when stimuli were delivered in non–drug perfused areas, whereas regional d-sotalol did not. Hence, CV dispersion is a more likely determinant of myocardial vulnerability than refractoriness.
Voter Turnout in the 2010 Midterm Election

I place national turnout rates in historical perspective and investigate what state turnout rates may tell us about what factors are related to higher levels of voter participation. In midterm elections compared to presidential election, voter turnout is lower among all groups, but more so for young people. I discuss the implications of younger citizens' disengagement in midterm elections in light of an increasing gap in support for the political parties candidates among the young and the old.
Population genetic structure across dissolved oxygen regimes in an African cichlid fish

Ecological isolation is a process whereby gene flow between selective environments is reduced due to selection against maladapted dispersers, migrant alleles, or hybrids. Although ecological isolation has been documented in several systems, gene flow can often be high among selective regimes, and more studies are thus needed to better understand the conditions under which ecological gradients or divergent selective regimes should influence population structure. We test for ecological isolation in a system in which high plasticity occurs with respect to traits that are adaptive in alternate forms under different environmental conditions. Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae is a widespread haplochromine cichlid fish in East Africa that exploits both normoxic (normal oxygen) rivers/lakes and hypoxic (low oxygen) swamps. Here, we examine population structure, using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites, to determine if genetic divergence is significantly increased between dissolved oxygen regimes relative to within them, while controlling for geographical structure. Our results indicate that geographical separation influences population structure, while no effects of divergent selection with respect to oxygen regimes were detected. Specifically, we document (i) genetic clustering according to geographical region, but no clustering according to oxygen regime; (ii) higher genetic variation among than within regions, but no effect of oxygen regime on genetic variation; (iii) isolation by distance within one region; and (iv) decreasing genetic variability with increasing geographical distance from Lake Victoria. We speculate that plasticity may be facilitating gene flow between oxygen regimes in this system.
Association of the myocilin mt.1 promoter variant with the worsening of glaucomatous disease over time

A major variant of myocilin (MYOC) [TIGR/MYOC mt.1 (−1000 C/G)], present in the gene's promoter, is found to be associated with more rapid progression of the glaucoma disease state. Time‐to‐event analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model produced substantial statistical evidence that this TIGR/MYOC mt.1(+) variant accelerates worsening for both optic disc and visual field measures of disease progression. These analyses were based on evaluations of 147 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) over 35 years of age with an average follow‐up of approximately 15 years. Our analyses showed that there are independent effects of the variant on disease progression, taking into account other relevant disease‐related baseline risk factors, including age, family history, initial drug treatment, initial surgical treatment, diabetes, gender, myopia, and initial disease severity. The finding that a TIGR/MYOC mt.1(+) determination provided a strong marker for glaucoma progression, above and beyond the other baseline risk factors, suggests a clinical utility in testing for this promoter genotype.
Fate maps of neural crest and mesoderm in the mammalian eye.

PURPOSE Structures derived from periocular mesenchyme arise by complex interactions between neural crest and mesoderm. Defects in development or function of structures derived from periocular mesenchyme result in debilitating vision loss, including glaucoma. The determination of long-term fates for neural crest and mesoderm in mammals has been inhibited by the lack of suitable marking systems. In the present study, the first long-term fate maps are presented for neural crest and mesoderm in a mammalian eye. METHODS Complementary binary genetic approaches were used to mark indelibly the neural crest and mesoderm in the developing eye. Component one is a transgene expressing Cre recombinase under the control of an appropriate tissue-specific promoter. The second component is the conditional Cre reporter R26R, which is activated by the Cre recombinase expressed from the transgene. Lineage-marked cells were counterstained for expression of key transcription factors. RESULTS The results established that fates of neural crest and mesoderm in mice were similar to but not identical with those in birds. They also showed that five early transcription factor genes are expressed in unique patterns in fate-marked neural crest and mesoderm during early ocular development. CONCLUSIONS The data provide essential new information toward understanding the complex interactions required for normal development and function of the mammalian eye. The results also underscore the importance of confirming neural crest and mesoderm fates in a model mammalian system. The complementary systems used in this study should be useful for studying the respective cell fates in other organ systems.
Diagnostic Yield and Effect on Clinical Outcomes of Push Enteroscopy in Suspected Small-Bowel Bleeding

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic examination of the small bowel (enteroscopy) has become an important modality in the investigation of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding/anaemia. The aim of this study was to look at our clinical experience and also to determine the clinical outcomes following push enteroscopy (PE) in patients with suspected small intestinal bleeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS The indications for PE were iron-deficiency anaemia/occult or obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (50 patients) and overt gastrointestinal bleeding (28 patients). Out of these 78 patients, a subgroup of 21 unselected patients with suspected small intestinal bleeding (six men, 15 women; mean age 59, range 26-85) was recruited to determine the clinical outcomes following PE. The principal outcome measures in this study were a) whether the procedure led to a change in the management of the patients referred for PE and b) whether it saved them from having further investigations. RESULTS In those patients with undiagnosed gastrointestinal bleeding/anaemia, small-bowel arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were detected in 24/78 (31%). Heater probe ablation therapy was performed in 23 patients with small-bowel and gastric AVMs. In total, seven of these 23 patients (30%) re-bled or required transfusion; these seven had repeat enteroscopy and heater probe ablation therapy. Three of these seven re-bled and required further enteroscopy and therapy. PE resulted in a change in management and treatment plans in eight of 20 patients (40%). The certainty of diagnosis increased in seven of 20 patients (35%). It increased from a mean value of 1.35 before PE to 2.40 following PE ( P = 0.01). The test was assigned a median "usefulness score" of 3 by the requesting physicians on an integer scale from 1 (not helpful) to 5 (very helpful). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that (i) PE can establish a diagnosis in a high proportion of patients with undiagnosed gastrointestinal bleeding/anaemia; (ii) heater probe ablation therapy of vascular lesions can be performed routinely at the time of PE; (iii) a significant proportion of patients (42%) referred for enteroscopy have lesions in the stomach/proximal duodenum that are missed at diagnostic endoscopy; (iv) PE provides helpful information in routine clinical practice and is perceived as a helpful test by requesting physicians; (v) PE improves certainty of diagnosis as perceived by requesting physicians, and plays an important role in altering management plans.
How Drugs Affect Decisions by Burglars

Thirty drug-using burglars participated in reconstructions of past burglaries and were interviewed extensively over a period of 16 months. Unlike previous research with burglars, the informants were ACTIVE burglars interviewed in their own environment. The study attempted to determine whether their decision-making processes were rational and to what extent drug and alcohol use affected those decisions. Their drug use and their criminal activity were found to be inextricably interrelated. Heroin addicts were found to be more rational than previously believed and capable of controlling their drug use to a significant extent. Drug use was found to facilitate the commission of crimes for some burglars. Public policy implications are discussed.
Growth characteristics of circulating hematopoietic progenitors in terminal renal failure.

BACKGROUND In patients with terminal renal failure, the most frequently noted hematological change is normocytic normochromic anemia. As not all anemic patients respond in the same way to treatment with human erythropoietin, the aim of our investigation was to confirm the hypothesis that the origin of this anemia is multifactorial. MATERIAL/METHODS Therefore we cultivated peripheral blood CFU GEMM, CFU GM, and BFU E in 65 patients treated by hemodialysis, subdivided in two groups according to creatinine concentration (Group 1: <900 micromol/l, Group 2: >900 micromol/l). Hematopoietic stem cells were cultivated on methylcellulose with growth factors added. RESULTS Growth inhibition of BFU E and CFU GM and a negative correlation between CFU GEMM, CFU GM, and BFU E growth and urea concentration were found in the entire group of patients. CFU GEMM growth in Group 2 was inhibited. Positive correlation between CFU GM and BFU E, CFU GEMM and BFU E, and CFU GM and CFU GEMM growth was established. In Group 1 a negative correlation between BFU E and CFU GM growth and creatinine concentration was found, and in Group 2 a negative correlation between BFU E and CFU GM growth and urea concentration. CONCLUSIONS Relatively decreased erythropoietin concentration is one of the major causes of renal anemia. As CFU GM and CFU GEMM growth was decreased, hematopoiesis must be disturbed at a higher level and is affected by other factors connected with uremia, such as the lack of T(4) lymphocytes and the dialysis procedure.
Determinants of infant and early childhood mortality levels and their decline in the Netherlands in the late nineteenth century.

OBJECTIVE To study the relative importance of various determinants of total and cause-specific infant and early childhood mortality rates and their decline in The Netherlands in the period 1875-1879 to 1895-1899. DATA AND METHODS Mortality and population data were derived from Statistics Netherlands for 16 towns and 11 rural areas. Mortality levels and their decline were estimated with a Poisson regression model. The associations of the estimated levels and declines, and determinants of infant and early childhood mortality were analysed using multivariate linear regression analysis. The causes of death studied were major contributors to infant mortality (convulsions, acute digestive disease, acute respiratory disease) and early childhood mortality (encephalitis/meningitis, acute respiratory disease, measles). RESULTS Infant mortality rates were high in the south-western part of The Netherlands in 1875-1879. Due to a rapid decline in the western regions, this pattern changed to a north-south gradient in 1895-1899. Early childhood mortality showed an urban-rural gradient in 1875-1879 with mortality high in towns. This gradient had largely disappeared by 1895-1899, due to a rapid decline in mortality in towns. Roman Catholicism was significantly associated with infant mortality (particularly from diarrhoeal disease) in 1875-1879 and 1895-1899. The association with Roman Catholicism was stronger in 1895-1899 because mortality declines were less rapid in Roman Catholic areas in 1875-1879 to 1895-1899. Urbanization was significantly associated with early childhood mortality (particularly from respiratory disease) in 1875-1879 and 1895-1899. This association weakened over time, due to the rapid decline in mortality in towns. CONCLUSIONS Different determinants of mortality (decline) were important in infant and early childhood mortality and they acted on different causes of death. Therefore, infant and childhood mortality should be studied separately. International comparison of the results showed that findings with respect to determinants of mortality (decline) for one country do not necessarily apply to other countries. The results for The Netherlands with respect to infant mortality differed from England and Wales.
The Fleeting Gleam of Praise Cognitive Processes Underlying Behavioral Reactions to Self-Relevant Feedback

We propose that a preference for favorable social feedback (i.e., selfenhancement) requires only that feedback be characterized as favorable or unfavorable but that a preference for self-confirming feedback (i.e., selfverification) is based on a more elaborate set of cognitive operations that requires both the characterization of feedback and a subsequent comparison of that feedback to a representation of self stored in memory. Study 1 set the stage for testing this hypothesis by showing that depriving people of processing resources interfered with their tendency to access their self-conceptions. In Studies 2 and 3, participants who were deprived of resources preferred the favorable, self-enhancing evaluator, whereas control participants displayed a preference for the self-verifying evaluator, even if that evaluator was relatively unfavorable.
Detection of koi herpesvirus (KHV) after re-activation in persistently infected common carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) using non-lethal sampling methods

Surviving carp which had recovered from KHVD were kept for approximately eleven additional weeks at 20°C water temperature. To induce KHV re-activation, carp were subjected to netting stress on day 81 after infection and gill swabs and dropping samples were collected daily for investigation by quantitative real-time PCR. An increase of KHV concentration of up to 1000 KHV genomic equivalents was detected over a three day period post-netting from these non-lethally collected samples. A considerable decrease in KHV genomic concentration was observed after day four post-netting. KHV DNA was not detected in samples from persistently infected carp on day 10 after stress induction. The results of this study suggest that KHV DNA is more readily detected, in gill swabs, one to three days after stress induced by capture and netting.
A Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction in Tourism and Hospitality

The authors conducted a meta-analysis aggregating empirical findings on satisfaction in the tourism and hospitality literature. This article features this meta-analysis (k of conditions = 125; o of conditions = 292, and N = 82,913) of empirical studies and aims to identify the related dimensions of satisfaction in tourism and hospitality by evaluating its primary antecedents and consequences. The findings indicated that satisfaction correlated with both antecedents (quality, destination image, environment, perceived value, hedonic value, utility value, and monetary value) and consequences (purchase intention, loyalty, trust, and word-of-mouth). In addition, possible moderators of the relationship between the constructs of antecedents and consequences of satisfaction (sample type, application of research, and sample size) have also been examined. After discussing these findings, the authors concluded with a discussion of the implications for practice and further research.
Workplace Crisis Intervention

Summary The workplace, where adults spend about one-third of their lives, would seem an ideal place from which to promote health and respond to crisis. This paper employs a systematic statistical review of experimental and quasi-experimental research on workplace-based crisis intervention programs. Nine studies were identified that met inclusion criteria for further analysis. Results suggest that the workplace can be a useful platform from which to provide crisis intervention programs.