Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival Benefit of Japanese Extended Lymphadenectomy for Clinically Node-Negative and Node-Positive Colorectal Cancers

BACKGROUND: The impact of extended lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer is still not sufficiently clear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the survival benefit of extended lymphadenectomy compared with nonextended lymphadenectomy for clinically node-negative and node-positive colorectal cancers. DESIGN: The present study was a retrospective cohort study that used prospectively collected data and a propensity score matching method. SETTINGS: The present study was conducted at a single specialized colorectal surgery department. PATIENTS: Of the 1314 patients who underwent radical resection with nonextended or extended lymphadenectomy between 1988 and 2007, we included 711 and 603 patients in the cN0 and cN1/2 series. Propensity score matching was applied, and 141 and 63 pairs were extracted from the cN0 and cN1/2 series. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival of the 2 groups were calculated and compared. RESULTS: In the cN0 series, no differences were observed in the long-term outcomes between the nonextended and extended groups. In the cN1/2 series, the disease-free survival tended to be higher, and the cancer-specific survival and overall survival were significantly higher (log rank, p = 0.04, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01, respectively), but the frequency of local recurrence was significantly lower (p = 0.04) in the extended group. LIMITATIONS: The present study was limited by its nonrandomized retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS: Extended lymphadenectomy demonstrated a good inhibitory effect on the local recurrence rate and led to improved disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival of patients in the cN1/2 series. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww. com/DCR/A517.
Coping, Emotion Regulation, and Psychopathology in Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-Analysis and Narrative Review

In this meta-analytic and narrative review, we examine several overarching issues related to the study of coping, emotion regulation, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, including the conceptualization and measurement of these constructs. We report a quantitative meta-analysis of 212 studies (N = 80,850 participants) that measured the associations between coping and emotion regulation with symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Within the meta-analysis we address the association of broad domains of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., total coping, emotion regulation), intermediate factors of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., primary control coping, secondary control coping), and specific coping and emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotional expression, cognitive reappraisal) with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. For cross-sectional studies, which made up the majority of studies included, we examine 3 potential moderators: age, measure quality, and single versus multiple informants. Finally, we separately consider findings from longitudinal studies as these provide stronger tests of the effects. After accounting for publication bias, findings indicate that the broad domain of emotion regulation and adaptive coping and the factors of primary control coping and secondary control coping are related to lower levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Further, the domain of maladaptive coping, the factor of disengagement coping, and the strategies of emotional suppression, avoidance, and denial are related to higher levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Finally, we offer a critique of the current state of the field and outline an agenda for future research.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: A Role for Mannose‐Binding Lectin, a Component of the Innate Immune System in Pre‐Eclampsia

Problem Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern‐recognition receptor that activates complement and modulates inflammation. Homozygosity for the most common allele of the MBL2 gene that is associated with high MBL serum concentrations is more prevalent among patients with pre‐eclampsia. The objective of this study was to determine maternal plasma MBL concentrations in normal pregnant women and patients with pre‐eclampsia.
Occupation and breast cancer risk among Shanghai women in a population-based cohort study.

INTRODUCTION A total of 74,942 female subjects were recruited in a population-based cohort study in Shanghai, China between 1997 and 2000. We examined the relationship between occupation and breast cancer risk. METHODS Cases were 586 women previously diagnosed with breast cancer at baseline and 438 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer during follow-up through December 2004. Eight controls were randomly selected for each case from cancer-free cohort members and frequency-matched to the cases by year of birth and age at diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer risk associated with occupations, adjusting for established breast cancer risk factors. RESULTS In the prevalent breast cancer data analysis, increased risks of breast cancer were associated with technicians in engineering/agriculture/forestry (OR = 1.6, CI: 1.0-2.4), teaching personnel (OR = 1.5, CI:1.1-2.0), tailoring/sewing workers (OR = 1.6, CI:1.0-2.7), and examiners/measurers/testers (OR = 1.5, CI:1.1-2.1) among those who started the jobs at least 20 years ago. Among incident breast cancer cases, significantly increased risks were associated with medical/health care workers (OR = 1.4, CI:1.0-2.0), administrative clerical workers (OR = 1.5, CI:1.0-2.4), postal/telecommunication workers (OR = 2.2, CI:1.0-5.5), and odd-job workers (OR = 1.7, CI:1.1-2.8) among those who started the jobs at least 20 years ago. The excess risks were found in both prevalent and incident cases for postal/telecommunication workers and purchasing/marketing personnel, although ORs reached only marginal significance. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that white-collar professionals and several production occupations may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Perceptual Organization in Multistable Apparent Motion

Is motion perception based on a local piecemeal analysis of the image or do ‘global’ effects also play an important role? Use was made of bistable apparent-motion displays in trying to answer this question. Two spots were flashed simultaneously on diagonally opposite corners of a 1 deg wide square and then switched off and replaced by two spots appearing on the other two corners. One can either see vertical or horizontal oscillation and the display is bistable just as a Necker cube is. If several such bistable figures are randomly scattered on the screen and presented simultaneously, then one usually sees the same motion axis in all of them, suggesting the presence of field-like effects for resolving ambiguity in apparent motion. While viewing a single figure observers experience hysteresis: they tend to adhere to one motion axis or the other and can switch the axis only by looking away and looking back after 10–30 s have elapsed. The figure can be switched off and made to reappear at some other random location on the screen and it is then always found to retain its motion axis. Several such demonstrations are presented to show that spatial induction effects in metastable motion displays may provide a particularly valuable probe for studying ‘laws’ of perceptual organization.
Real-Life Experience with Aflibercept and Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration over 24 Months.

PURPOSE Comparative data appertaining to the long-term effects of Aflibercept or Ranibizumab in newly diagnosed cases of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) over follow-up periods exceeding 12 months in clinical routine are scarce. METHODS In this retrospective comparative analysis, a case series of patients with treatment-naïve nAMD and requiring anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in a routine clinical setting were treated with either Aflibercept [Afl (n = 106)] or Ranibizumab [Ran (n = 47)]. During the drug-loading phase, 3 monthly injections were administered. Thereafter, a treat-and-extend protocol was pursued for a maximum of 24 months. Ran was administered predominantly in eyes with classical lesions; Afl was administered in all others. The primary outcome parameters included anatomical and functional stability after 24 months. RESULTS Patients were comparable regarding age, gender distribution, and lens status. Fewer patients presented with intraretinal fluid in the Afl- than in the Ran group at diagnosis (46.2% vs. 67.4%; P = 0.02), but not after the drug-loading phase. After the drug-loading phase, visual acuity [-4.2 letters (Afl) vs. -4.5 letters (Ran); P = 0.78] and the central foveal thickness remained stable. Linked to the lesion type, the number of scheduled clinical visits during the course of 24 months was higher for the Ran- than for the Afl group [11.9 ± 4.7 visits (Ran) vs. 8.4 ± 3.1 visits (Afl); P = 0.0005]. However, the total number of injections was similar [10.5 ± 2.8 (Ran) vs. 11.7 ± 3.6 (Afl); P = 0.06]. CONCLUSIONS Based on tailoring according to the lesion type in cases of nAMD, the anatomical and the functional outcomes of treatment with either Afl or Ran were comparable for a maximum of 2 years.
Telemonitoring in-home complex chronic patients from primary care in routine clinical practice: Impact on healthcare resources use

Abstract Background: Recent evidence indicates that home telemonitoring of chronic patients reduces the use of healthcare resources. However, further studies exploring this issue are needed in primary care. Objectives: To assess the impact of a primary care-based home telemonitoring intervention for highly unstable chronic patients on the use of healthcare resources. Methods: A one-year follow-up before and after exploratory study, without control group, was conducted. Housebound patients with heart failure or chronic lung disease, with recurrent hospital admissions, were included. The intervention consisted of patient’s self-measurements and responses to a health status questionnaire, sent daily from smartphones to a web-platform (aided by an alert system) reviewed by healthcare professionals. The primary outcome measure was the number of hospital admissions occurring 12 months before and after the intervention. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay and number of emergency department attendances. Primary care nurses were mainly in charge of the telemonitoring process and were assisted by the general practitioners when required. Results: For the 28 patients who completed the follow-up (out of 42 included, 13 patients died and 1 discontinued the intervention), a significant reduction in hospitalizations, from 2.6 admissions/patient in the previous year (standard deviation, SD: 1.6) to 1.1 (SD: 1.5) during the one-year telemonitoring follow-up (P <0.001), and emergency department attendances, from 4.2 (SD: 2.6) to 2.1 (SD: 2.6) (P <0.001) was observed. The length of hospital stay was reduced non-significantly from 11.4 to 7.9 days. Conclusion: In this small exploratory study, the primary care-based telemonitoring intervention seemed to have a positive impact decreasing the number of hospital admissions and emergency department attendances.
Administrative Challenges to the Integration of Oral Health With Primary Care

Inadequate access to preventive oral health services contributes to oral health disparities and is a major public health concern in the United States. Federally Qualified Health Centers play a critical role in improving access to care for populations affected by oral health disparities but face a number of administrative challenges associated with implementation of oral health integration models. We conducted a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis with health care executives to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of successful oral health integration in Federally Qualified Health Centers. Four themes were identified: (1) culture of health care organizations; (2) operations and administration; (3) finance; and (4) workforce.
Callous–Unemotional Traits Moderate the Association Between Children’s Early Moral Understanding and Aggression: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

Drawing on the framework of social domain theory, this multi-method, multi-informant longitudinal study examined whether callous–unemotional (CU) tendencies moderated the association between U.S. 4 to 7 year olds’ (n = 135; Mage = 5.65, 50% male; 75% White) ability to differentiate hypothetical, prototypical moral and conventional transgressions along theoretical criteria and teacher (n = 49) and parent (n = 128, 91% mothers) ratings of physical aggression. Deficits in domain distinction ability were associated with greater teacher-reported aggression both concurrently and 9 months later, but only for children high in CU traits. No main effects or interactions were found for parent reports. These findings build on a growing body of research demonstrating that children who use aggression in a deliberate and callous manner show deficits in their basic understanding of moral norms.
Supramolecular architectures in two 1:1 cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil with 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid.

In solid-state engineering, cocrystallization is a strategy actively pursued for pharmaceuticals. Two 1:1 cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil (5FU; systematic name: 5-fluoro-1,3-dihydropyrimidine-2,4-dione), namely 5-fluorouracil-5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1/1), C5H3BrO2S·C4H3FN2O2, (I), and 5-fluorouracil-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1/1), C4H3FN2O2·C5H4O2S, (II), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In both cocrystals, carboxylic acid molecules are linked through an acid-acid R22(8) homosynthon (O-H.O) to form a carboxylic acid dimer and 5FU molecules are connected through two types of base pairs [homosynthon, R22(8) motif] via a pair of N-H.O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structures are further stabilized by C-H.O interactions in (II) and C-Br.O interactions in (I). In both crystal structures, π-π stacking and C-F. π interactions are also observed.
UV EFFECTS IN TOOTH ENAMEL AND THEIR POSSIBLE APPLICATION IN EPR DOSIMETRY WITH FRONT TEETH

The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on ionizing radiation biodosimetry were studied in human tooth enamel samples using the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in X-band. For samples in the form of grains, UV-specific EPR spectra were spectrally distinct from those produced by exposure to gamma radiation. From larger enamel samples, the UV penetration depth was determined to be in the 60–120 &mgr;m range. The difference in EPR spectra from UV exposure and from exposure to gamma radiation samples was found to be a useful marker of UV equivalent dose (defined as the apparent contribution to the gamma dose in mGy that results from UV radiation absorption) in tooth enamel. This concept was preliminarily tested on front teeth from inhabitants of the region of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (Kazakhstan) who might have received some exposure to gamma radiation from the nuclear tests conducted there as well as from normal UV radiation in sunlight. The technique developed here to quantify and subtract the UV contribution to the measured tooth is currently limited to cumulative dose measurements with a component of UV equivalent dose equal to or greater than 300 mGy.
Co-Presence of Multimorbidity and Disability with Frailty: An Examination of Heterogeneity in the Frail Older Population.

BACKGROUND Frailty is often associated with multimorbidity and disability. OBJECTIVES We investigated heterogeneity in the frail older population by characterizing five subpopulations according to quantitative biological markers, multimorbidity and disability, and examined their association with mortality and nursing home admission. DESIGN Observational study. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n=4,414) were from the population-based Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik Study. MEASUREMENTS Frailty was defined by ≥ 3 of five characteristics: weight loss, weakness, reduced energy levels, slowness and physical inactivity. Multimorbidity was assessed using a simple disease count, based on 13 prevalent conditions. Disability was assessed by five activities of daily living; participants who had difficulty with one or more tasks were considered disabled. Differences among frail subpopulations were based on the co-presence of multimorbidity and disability. Differences among the following subpopulations were examined: 1) Non-frail (reference group); 2) Frail only; 3) Frail with disability; 4) Frailty with multimorbidity; 5) Frail with disability and multimorbidity. RESULTS Frailty was present in 10.7% (n=473). Frailty was associated with increased risk for mortality (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.15-1.69) and nursing home admission (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.16-1.93); risks differed by subpopulations. Compared to the non-frail, the frail only group had poorer cognition and increased inflammation levels but did not have increased risk for mortality (OR 1.40; 95% CI 0.84-2.33) or nursing home admission (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.46-2.21). Compared to the non-frail, the other frail subpopulations had significantly poorer cognition, increased inflammation levels, more white matter lesions, higher levels of calcium, glucose and red cell distribution width and increased risk for mortality and nursing home admission. CONCLUSIONS The adverse health risks associated with frailty in the general older adult population may primarily be driven by increased disease burden and disability.
Visceral pain: the ins and outs, the ups and downs

Purpose of reviewVisceral pain represents a major clinical problem, yet far less is known about its mechanisms compared with somatic pains, for example, from cutaneous and muscular structures. Recent findingsIn this review, we describe the neuroanatomical bases of visceral pain signalling in the peripheral and central nervous system, comparing to somatic pains and also the channels and receptors involved in these events. We include an overview of potential new targets in the context of mechanisms of visceral pain and hypersensitivity. SummaryThis review should inform on the recognition of what occurs in patients with visceral pain, why comorbidities are common and how analgesic treatments work.
A Decision Tree for Nonmetric Sex Assessment from the Skull

This study uses five well‐documented cranial nonmetric traits (glabella, mastoid process, mental eminence, supraorbital margin, and nuchal crest) and one additional trait (zygomatic extension) to develop a validated decision tree for sex assessment. The decision tree was built and cross‐validated on a sample of 293 U.S. White individuals from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Ordinal scores from the six traits were analyzed using the partition modeling option in JMP Pro 12. A holdout sample of 50 skulls was used to test the model. The most accurate decision tree includes three variables: glabella, zygomatic extension, and mastoid process. This decision tree yielded 93.5% accuracy on the training sample, 94% on the cross‐validated sample, and 96% on a holdout validation sample. Linear weighted kappa statistics indicate acceptable agreement among observers for these variables. Mental eminence should be avoided, and definitions and figures should be referenced carefully to score nonmetric traits.
Translating neurotrophic and cellular plasticity: from pathophysiology to improved therapeutics for bipolar disorder

Soeiro‐de‐Souza MG, Dias VV, Figueira ML, Forlenza OV, Gattaz WF, Zarate Jr CA, Machado‐Vieira R. Translating neurotrophic and cellular plasticity: from pathophysiology to improved therapeutics for bipolar disorder.
Mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from traumatized human muscle

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult tissues are an important candidate cell type for cell‐based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Currently, clinical applications for MSCs require additional surgical procedures to harvest the autologous MSCs (i.e. from bone marrow) or commercial allogeneic alternatives. We have recently identified a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in traumatized muscle tissue that has been surgically debrided from traumatic orthopaedic extremity wounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MPCs derived from traumatized muscle may provide a clinical alternative to bone‐marrow MSCs, by comparing their morphology, proliferation capacity, cell surface epitope profile and differentiation capacity. After digesting the muscle tissue with collagenase, the MPCs were enriched by a direct plating technique. The morphology and proliferation rate of the muscle‐derived MPCs was similar to bone‐marrow derived MSCs. Both populations expressed cell surface markers characteristic for MSCs (CD 73, CD 90 and CD105), and did not express markers typically absent on MSCs (CD14, CD34 and CD45). After 21 days in specific differentiation media, the histological staining and gene expression of the MPCs and MSCs was characteristic for differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, but not into myoblasts. Our findings demonstrate that traumatized muscle‐derived MPCs exhibit a similar phenotype and resemble MSCs derived from the bone marrow. MPCs harvested from traumatized muscle tissue may be considered for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine following orthopaedic trauma requiring circumferential debridement. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Link between Adolescent Nicotine Metabolism and Smoking Topography

Adult slow nicotine metabolizers have lower smoke exposure, carbon monoxide levels, and plasma nicotine levels than normal and fast metabolizers. Emerging evidence suggests nicotine metabolism influences smoking topography. This study investigated the association of nicotine metabolism (the ratio of plasma 3-hydroxycotinine to cotinine; 3OHCOT/COT) with smoking topography in adolescent smokers (n = 85; 65% female, 68% European American; mean age, 15.3 ± 1.2 years; mean cigarettes per day, 18.5 ± 8.5; mean Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, 7.0 ± 1.2) presenting for a nicotine replacement therapy trial. Measures obtained included puff volume, interpuff interval, number of puffs, puff duration, and puff velocity. Linear regression analysis controlling for hormonal contraception use showed that 3OHCOT/COT ratios predicted mean puff volume in the overall sample (t = 2.126; P = 0.037; adjusted R2 = 0.067). After gender stratification, faster metabolism predicted higher mean puff volume (t = 2.81; P = 0.009; adjusted R2 = 0.192) but fewer puffs (t = −3.160; P = 0.004; adjusted R2 = 0.237) and lower mean puff duration (t = −2.06; P = 0.048; adjusted R2 = 0.101) among boys only, suggesting that as nicotine metabolism increases, puff volume increases but puffing frequency decreases. No significant relationships were found between nicotine metabolism and total puff volume, mean puff duration, interpuff interval, or puff velocity. If confirmed in a broader sample of adolescent smokers, these findings suggest that as among dependent adult smokers, rate of metabolism among adolescent boys is linked to select parameters of puffing behavior that may affect cessation ability. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1578–83)