Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feature Selection Library (MATLAB Toolbox)

Feature Selection Library (FSLib) is a widely applicable MATLAB library for Feature Selection (FS). FS is an essential component of machine learning and data mining which has been studied for many years under many different conditions and in diverse scenarios. These algorithms aim at ranking and selecting a subset of relevant features according to their degrees of relevance, preference, or importance as defined in a specific application. Because feature selection can reduce the amount of features used for training classification models, it alleviates the effect of the curse of dimensionality, speeds up the learning process, improves model's performance, and enhances data understanding. This short report provides an overview of the feature selection algorithms included in the FSLib MATLAB toolbox among filter, embedded, and wrappers methods.
What Are Our Patients Telling Each OtherThat They Aren't Telling Us?A Social Media Content Analysis Examining Prominently Used Open Source Groups on Social Media Platforms for Novel Solutions to Commonly Experienced Prosthetic Problems

Aim of the Study: The specific aims of this study were to investigate real-world social media interactions among the amputee community, targeting novel approaches to commonly experienced prosthetic problems. Potential areas of insight included information regarding challenges that were being faced, life hacks in use, advice being given across message boards, and negative impacts of their prostheses users experience that might be corrected with future research development if prosthetics practitioners were aware of the problems being discussed. Background: Social media content analysis has been used in the Technology and Communications fields for years, but it has only recently been applied to healthcare. After a review of the literature, it was determined that content analysis of social media has never previously been applied to the field of prosthetics and orthotics. Methods: The approach was to examine specifically identified, open-access social media groups across multiple social media platforms, data-mining posts and coding the information accordingly in order to perform statistical analysis across groups, subject matters, and social media platforms.Topics of interest included common prosthetic problems, comfort, cosmesis, skin type, comorbidities, emerging technologies, phantom pain, and prosthetics life hacks. Results: Statistical analysis was performed based on the numbers of postings pertaining to certain topics in order to compare data across social media groups, social media platforms, identifiable user demographics, and any other potentially pertinent relationships that could be analyzed. The outcomes for this project include the codes, the categories, and the resultant findings of the statistical analysis. Conclusions: The most commonly identified problem within the data was comfort. Facebook data proved more likely to have posters sharing stories, posters on Reddit were more likely to be asking questions. Advertisements were more prominent on Facebook while research-based posts were more common on Reddit. Life hacks were rarely discussed. Family members of amputees were more likely to discuss the injury location, cause, and comorbidities than amputees themselves were. Facebook posters were more likely to fall into the category of advocacy groups. Posters on Reddit were more likely to fall into the categories of health care providers, vendors, and those considering undergoing amputation surgery
Explicit and Implicit Memory

Overview As you might suspect, researchers and theorists have extended the basic multi-store model in many ways, among these is the differentiation of different types of long term memories. Perhaps the most fundamental such differentiation is the distinction between explicit and implicit memories (Figure 1). Implicit memories are sometimes referred to as "non-declarative" because an individual is unable to verbally "declare" these memories. Implicit memories are nonconscious, and often involve memories for specific step-by-step procedures, or specific feelings/emotions. For example, your ability to carry out the various processes involved in driving a car are largely nonconscious, they have been "proceduralized". Further, your conditioned emotional response to a "scary" situation is not something that you consciously or verbally recall. On the other hand, explicit memories are conscious memories that can easily be verbalized. They are more complex types of memories because they are often holistic, in that they involve the recall of many different aspects of a situation. In order to consciously recall something, such as your memory of events that occurred yesterday, you not only recall the event, but you also recall the context in which the event occurred, that is, the time of day, the place, and other objects and people that were present, etc. Explicit Memory Storage Research, in particular with brain damaged patients such as those suffering from Korsakoff's and the case of HM, indicates that these two fundamental types of long term memory are more than theoretical abstractions. For example, HM and often those suffering from Korsakoff's, demonstrate the ability to store implicit long term memories in priming experiments. In priming
Sputum eosinophilia is a determinant of FEV1 decline in occupational asthma: results of an observational study

Objective To evaluate the potential determinants of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline in workers with occupational asthma (OA) still exposed to the causative agent. We hypothesised that sputum eosinophilia might be a predictor of poor asthma outcome after diagnosis. Setting, design and participants In a specialistic clinical centre of the University Hospital of Pisa, we studied 39 participants (28 M, 11 F) diagnosed as having OA, routinely followed up between 1990 and 2009. They were a subgroup of 94 participants diagnosed as affected by OA in that period: 9 had been removed from work at the diagnosis, 21 were excluded for having ceased occupational exposure after few months from diagnosis, and 25 were lost at the follow-up or had no acceptable sputum measurements at the diagnosis. Estimates of the decline in FEV1 were obtained by means of simple regression analysis during the period of occupational exposure after diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to analyse the effects of factors (baseline FEV1 and sputum inflammatory cells, duration and type of exposure) that may potentially influence FEV1 decline. Results At follow-up (5.7+3.7 years), most participants were still symptomatic despite inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) treatment and had their occupational exposure reduced. Participants with higher sputum eosinophils (>3%) at baseline had a significantly greater decline of FEV1 (–52.5 vs −18.6 mL/year, p=0.012). Logistic regression showed that persistent exposure and sputum eosinophilia were significantly associated with a greater decline in FEV1 (OR 11.5, 95% CI 1.8 to 71.4, p=0.009 and OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 41.7, p= 0.042, respectively). Conclusions Sputum eosinophilia at diagnosis, together with the persistence of occupational exposure during follow-up, may contribute to a greater decline in FEV1 in patients with OA still at work. Further long-term studies are required as to whether intensive ICS treatment may be beneficial for patients with OA and increase ad eosinophilic inflammation.
Verbal fluency and emotional expression in young women differing in their styles of coping with threatening stimuli

background In our study we decided to examine whether anxiety defined in personality terms and various emotional states, including the state of fear, measured in two ways – by means of subjective rating scales and by means of a more objective method, the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Ekman, Friesen, and Hager – would affect emotional verbal fluency understood as the number of words generated in answer to a question about the most liked and disliked trait of one’s personality.
Spatially Robust Far-field Beamforming Using the von Mises(-Fisher) Distribution

This paper presents spatially robust far-field microphone beamformers and nullformers derived using the von Mises and von Mises-Fisher distributions to model the expected direction of arrival. Simple analytic expressions are presented for 2D and 3D far-field correlation functions and used to design spatially robust beamformers and nullformers. It is demonstrated that the spatially robust beamformers show a modest improvement in tolerating uncertainty in the target direction of arrival without incurring a significant penalty in terms of SINR performance compared with the MVDR beamformer. In addition, the spatially robust formulation shows significantly improved numerical robustness, indicating improved ability in tolerating intrinsic array errors.
Gamma and Beta Rhythms Make Distinct and Cell-type Specific Contributions to Synchronization in Rodent Barrel Cortex and Its Coherence with Hippocampus, Perirhinal and Visual Cortex

Beta and gamma rhythms have been hypothesized to be involved in global and local coordination of neu-ronal activity, respectively. Here, we investigated how cells in rodent area S1BF are entrained by rhythmic fluctuations at various frequencies within the local area and in connected areas, and how this depends on behavioral state and cell type. We performed simultaneous extracellular field and unit recordings in four connected areas of the freely moving rat (S1BF, V1M, perirhinal cortex, CA1). S1BF spiking activity was strongly entrained by both beta and gamma S1BF oscillations, which were associated with deactivations and activations, respectively. We identified multiple classes of fast spiking and excitatory cells in S1BF, which showed prominent differences in rhythmic entrainment and in the extent to which phase locking was modulated by behavioral state. Using an additional dataset acquired by whole-cell recordings in head-fixed mice, these cell classes could be compared with identified phenotypes showing gamma rhythmicity in their membrane potential. We next examined how S1BF cells were entrained by rhythmic fluctuations in connected brain areas. Gamma-synchronization was detected in all four areas, however we did not detect significant gamma coherence among these areas. Instead, we only found long-range coherence in the theta-beta range among these areas. In contrast to local S1BF synchronization, we found long-range S1BF-spike to CA1-LFP synchronization to be homogeneous across inhibitory and excitatory cell types. These findings suggest distinct, cell-type contributions of low and high-frequency synchronization to intra-and inter-areal neuronal interactions. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not .
Cold gas in elliptical galaxies

We explore the evolution of the cold gas (molecular and neutral hydrogen) of elliptical galaxies and merger remnants ordered into a time sequence on the basis of spectroscopic age estimates. We find that the fraction of cold gas in early merger remnants decreases significantly for ≈1–2 Gyr, but subsequent evolution toward evolved elliptical systems sees very little change. This trend can be attributed to an initial gas depletion by strong star formation, which subsequently declines to quiescent rates. This explanation is consistent with the merger picture for the formation of elliptical galaxies. We also explore the relation between the H i-to-H2 mass ratio and spectroscopic galaxy age, but find no evidence for a statistically significant trend. This suggests little net H i-to-H2 conversion for the systems in the present sample.
Neural language networks at birth

The ability to learn language is a human trait. In adults and children, brain imaging studies have shown that auditory language activates a bilateral frontotemporal network with a left hemispheric dominance. It is an open question whether these activations represent the complete neural basis for language present at birth. Here we demonstrate that in 2-d-old infants, the language-related neural substrate is fully active in both hemispheres with a preponderance in the right auditory cortex. Functional and structural connectivities within this neural network, however, are immature, with strong connectivities only between the two hemispheres, contrasting with the adult pattern of prevalent intrahemispheric connectivities. Thus, although the brain responds to spoken language already at birth, thereby providing a strong biological basis to acquire language, progressive maturation of intrahemispheric functional connectivity is yet to be established with language exposure as the brain develops.
Speaker recognition using prosodic and lexical features

Conventional speaker recognition systems identify speakers by using spectral information from very short slices of speech. Such systems perform well (especially in quiet conditions), but fail to capture idiosyncratic longer-term patterns in a speaker's habitual speaking style, including duration and pausing patterns, intonation contours, and the use of particular phrases. We investigate the contribution of modeling such prosodic and lexical patterns, on performance in the NIST 2003 Speaker Recognition Evaluation extended data task. We report results for: (1) systems based on individual feature types alone; (2) systems in combination with a state-of-the-art frame-based baseline system; (3) an all-system combination. Our results show that certain longer-term stylistic features provide powerful complementary information to both frame-level cepstral features and to each other. Stylistic features thus significantly improve speaker recognition performance over conventional systems, and offer promise for a variety of intelligence and security applications.
Galaxy evolution in the infrared: comparison of a hierarchical galaxy formation model with Spitzer data

We present predictions for the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function, number counts and redshift distributions in the IR based on theCDM cosmological model. We use the combined GALFORM semi-analytical galaxy formation model and GRASIL spectrophotometric code to compute galaxy SEDs including the reprocessing of radiation by dust. The model, which is the same as that in Baugh et al. (2005), assumes two different IMFs: a normal solar neigh- bourhood IMF for quiescent star formation in disks, and a very top-heavy IMF in starbursts triggered by galaxy mergers. We have shown previously that the top-heavy IMF seems to be necessary to explain the number counts of faint sub-mm galaxies. We compare the model with observational data from the Spitzer Space Telescope, with the model parameters fixed at values chosen before Spitzer data became available. We find that the model matches the observed evolution in the IR remarkably well over the whole range of wavelengths probed by Spitzer. In particular, the Spitzer data show that there is strong evolution in the mid-IR galaxy luminosity function over the redshift range z � 0 2, and this is reproduced by our model without requiring any adjustment of parameters. On the other hand, a model with a normal IMF in starbursts predicts far too little evolution in the mi d-IR luminosity function, and is therefore excluded.
Productivity and Multi-Screen Computer Displays

As processor speed and memory capacity have increased and become less expensive, the office has found that it can support more open applications and that multitasking could be a reality, not just a term. One problem remaining has been the management of the computer desktop. Even with increased monitor size, the single screen presents fundamental problems with window placement, stacking and tracking windows, multiple applications on the task bar, and the like (Delefino, 1993; Grudin, 2003). These problems have limited the increases in productivity theoretically made possible with increased processor speed and memory capacity.
Validation and refinement of hyperspectral/multispectral atmospheric compensation using shadowband radiometers

First-principles atmospheric compensation of Earth-viewing spectral imagery requires atmospheric property information derived from the image itself or measured independently. A field experiment was conducted in May, 2003 at Davis, CA to investigate the consistency of atmospheric properties and surface reflectances derived from simultaneous ground-, aircraft- and satellite-based spectral measurements. The experiment involved the simultaneous collection of HyMap hyperspectral and Landsat-7 multispectral imagery, in situ reflectance spectra of calibration surfaces, and sun and sky radiances from ultraviolet and visible multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers (MFRSRs). The data were analyzed using several different radiation transport and atmospheric compensation algorithms. Reasonable self-consistency was found between aerosol property retrievals from the radiometers and from dark pixels of the imagery, and, when using the most accurate algorithm, there was excellent agreement between the retrieved surface spectra and the ground truth measurements.
A Simple Parameterization of the Cosmic-Ray Muon Momentum Spectra at the Surface as a Function of Zenith Angle

The designs of many neutrino experiments rely on calculations of the background rates arising from cosmic-ray muons at shallow depths. Understanding the angular dependence of low momentum cosmic-ray muons at the surface is necessary for these calculations. Heuristically, from examination of the data, a simple parameterization is proposed, based on a straighforward scaling variable. This in turn, allows a universal calculation of the differential muon intensity at the surface for all zenith angles and essentially all momenta.
Mental health as a reason for claiming incapacity benefit--a comparison of national and local trends.

BACKGROUND Getting incapacity benefit (IB) claimants into work has become a focus for policy makers. Strategies to help this group depend on an understanding of the reasons for claiming benefit at a local level where variations from a national strategy may be needed. METHODS Data supplied by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) was analysed to establish reasons for claiming benefit in Scotland and Glasgow between 2000 and 2007. RESULTS There has been a continuing rise in mental health diagnosis and a corresponding fall in musculoskeletal diagnosis during this period. More people were claiming because of mental health problems in Glasgow than in Scotland. Also those with a poor employment history (credits-only claimants) are more likely to claim IB because of a mental health problem. This study has shown a breakdown into 25 categories those claiming IB because of a mental health problem. CONCLUSION DWP data can be used to provide important insights into the trends in reasons for claiming IB, in particular those claiming because of mental health problems. This study also highlighted the growing importance of problems caused by alcohol and drug-abuse claimants, a subset of the mental health category. DWP data should be used at a local as well as a national level to guide and evaluate interventions to help this vulnerable group.
Exploring Invariances in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Using Synthetic Images

Crowdsourced 3D CAD models are becoming easily accessible online, and can potentially generate an infinite number of training images for almost any object category. We show that adapting contemporary Deep Convolutional Neural Net (DCNN) models to such data can be effective, especially in the few-shot regime where none or only a few annotated real images are available, or where the images are not well matched to the target domain. Little is known about the degree of realism necessary to train models with deep features on CAD data. In a detailed analysis, we use synthetic images to probe DCNN invariance to object-class variations caused by 3D shape, pose, and photorealism, with surprising findings. In particular, we show that DCNNs used as a fixed representation exhibit a large amount of invariance to these factors, but, if allowed to adapt, can still learn effectively from synthetic data. These findings guide us in designing a method for adaptive training of DCNNs using real and synthetic data. We show that our approach significantly outperforms previous methods on the benchmark PASCAL VOC2007 dataset when learning in the fewshot scenario, and outperform training with real data in a domain shift scenario on the Office benchmark.
The influence of riparian-hyporheic zone on the hydrological responses in an intermittent stream

Stream and riparian groundwater hydrology has been studied in a small intermittent stream draining a forested catchment for a system representative of a Mediterranean climate. The relationship between precipitation and stream runoff and the interactions between stream water and the surrounding riparian groundwater have been analysed under a wide spectrum of meteorological conditions. The hypothesis that the hydrological condition of the near-stream groundwater compartment can regulate the runoff generation during precipitation events was tested. Stream runoff is characterised by a summer dry period, and precipitation input explained only 25% of runoff variability over the study period (r 2 =0.25, d.f. =51, p 2 =0.80, d.f. =34, p Keywords: riparian zone, groundwater hydrology, runoff, intermittent stream, Mediterranean climate
Production of 2H, 3He, and 7Li from Interactions between Jets and Clouds

The interactions between jets of high-energy nuclei and nuclei of the surrounding medium are studied. Such interactions could be initiated by jets from active galactic nuclei interacting with surrounding cool clouds. The resulting nuclear interactions are found to produce copious amounts of 2H and 3He from the 4He nuclei. These results suggest that jets of particles from quasars could have produced anomalously high abundances in surrounding clouds of some of the nuclides usually thought to characterize big bang nucleosynthesis, specifically, the 2H seen in absorption spectra.
Conducting rights-based short-term study abroad experiences

ABSTRACT The number of short-term study abroad trips has been increasing and the majority of social work programs conduct them, often including service learning experiences. These trips can help students learn about countries and cultures other than their own and thus improve their ability to provide effective services. However, if not thoughtfully developed and executed, these trips can be nothing more than ‘voluntourism,’ and can violate social work ethics, including social justice, service, and dignity and worth of the person. Therefore, it is necessary for social work educators to ensure they are developing these experiences in a rights-based fashion that centers on the needs of the community. This article discusses how to apply the rights-based framework to these experiences with specific examples to promote a quality experience for all.