Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Hippocampus Is Coupled with the Default Network during Memory Retrieval but Not during Memory Encoding

The brain's default mode network (DMN) is activated during internally-oriented tasks and shows strong coherence in spontaneous rest activity. Despite a surge of recent interest, the functional role of the DMN remains poorly understood. Interestingly, the DMN activates during retrieval of past events but deactivates during encoding of novel events into memory. One hypothesis is that these opposing effects reflect a difference between attentional orienting towards internal events, such as retrieved memories, vs. external events, such as to-be-encoded stimuli. Another hypothesis is that hippocampal regions are coupled with the DMN during retrieval but decoupled from the DMN during encoding. The present fMRI study investigated these two hypotheses by combining a resting-state coherence analysis with a task that measured the encoding and retrieval of both internally-generated and externally-presented events. Results revealed that the main DMN regions were activated during retrieval but deactivated during encoding. Counter to the internal orienting hypothesis, this pattern was not modulated by whether memory events were internal or external. Consistent with the hippocampal coupling hypothesis, the hippocampus behaved like other DMN regions during retrieval but not during encoding. Taken together, our findings clarify the relationship between the DMN and the neural correlates of memory retrieval and encoding.
The Galician virtual library

Purpose – This study aims to present the digital library Galician virtual library (BVG, for “Biblioteca Virtual Galega”) in Galician.Design/methodology/approach – The paper shows the objectives pursued by the BVG, its development, putting special emphasis on the main technological challenges, and presents some data about its usage.Findings – A digital library can be used to stimulate a lesser‐used language and to promote the culture and tourism of a region.Originality/value – The paper shows how a digital library can be used to strengthen the Galician language, which is currently categorised as a “Lesser Used Language” in the European Community and to contribute to the preservation and spreading of Galician culture and literary works, either from current authors or from previous documents. It also provides a digital publishing house for new authors and opens a communication channel between current authors and their readers. Finally, it helps to connect a scattered community like the Galician, offering a c.
Multi-criteria integrated voltage stability index for weak buses identification

How to identify the weak buses comprehensively and practically in power system voltage stability analysis is an important issue, and is posing great interests to the power engineers. In this paper, a multi-criteria integrated voltage stability index was proposed for weak buses identification. Firstly, the bus voltage change index and reactive power margins, which were determined by P-V curve and Q-V curve, respectively, were employed to form the required data set involving the corresponding bus voltage margin and reactive power margin information. An overall and practical evaluation method called as ideal point method was then proposed to integrate the two aforementioned voltage stability indices with certain weight. By tuning the corresponding weight coefficients, the decision-making reflecting the preference of power engineer could be made. Finally the case studies on the 10-machine 39-bus New England test system as benchmark were carried out to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Changes in physical activity and body composition in postmenopausal women over time.

PURPOSE Higher physical activity (PA) has been associated with greater attenuation of body fat gain and preservation of lean mass across the lifespan. These analyses aimed to determine relationships of change in PA to changes in fat and lean body mass in a longitudinal prospective study of postmenopausal women. METHODS Among 11,491 women enrolled at three Women's Health Initiative clinical centers who were selected to undergo dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, 8352 had baseline body composition measurements, with at least one repeated measure at years 1, 3, and 6. PA data were obtained by self-report at baseline and 3 and 6 yr of follow-up. Time-varying PA effect on change in lean and fat mass during the 6-yr study period for age groups (50-59 yr, 60-69 yr, and 70-79 yr) was estimated using mixed effects linear regression. RESULTS Baseline PA and body composition differed significantly among the three age groups. The association of change in fat mass from baseline and time-varying PA differed across the three age groups (P = 0.0006). In women age 50-59 yr, gain in fat mass from baseline was attenuated with higher levels of PA. Women age 70-79 yr lost fat mass at all PA levels. In contrast, change in lean mass from baseline and time-varying PA did not differ by age group (P = 0.1935). CONCLUSIONS The association between PA and change in fat mass varies by age group, with younger, but not older, women benefiting from higher levels of aerobic PA. Higher levels of aerobic activity are not associated with changes in lean mass, which tends to decrease in older women regardless of activity level. Greater attention to resistance training exercises may be needed to prevent lean mass loss as women age.
Proteomic Analysis for the Assessment of Different Lots of Fetal Bovine Serum as a Raw Material for Cell Culture. Part IV. Application of Proteomics to the Manufacture of Biological Drugs

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most widely used growth supplement for cell cultures, primarily because of its high levels of growth stimulatory factors and low levels of growth inhibitory factors. Maintaining successful and consistent cell fermentations can be difficult, as FBS is a complex natural product and may vary from lot to lot even from a single manufacturer. The quality and concentration of both bulk and specific proteins can affect cell growth. Quality control tools for FBS are relatively primitive and expensive given the complexity of the sample and the large amounts of FBS used. We undertook this study to examine whether proteomics could be used as a tool to analyze the variability of different fermentation processes. We hypothesized that inconsistent cell growth in fermentations could be due to the quality of FBS and that different lots of FBS had varying concentrations of proteins such as growth stimulatory factors, growth inhibitory factors, and/or other proteins that may correlate with cellular growth rate. To investigate whether this was the case, we grew three batches of adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE‐19) using three different lots of fetal bovine serum (FBS‐Ia, FBS‐Ib, and FBS‐II). We found that the growth rate of the culture was significantly and consistently higher in the FBS‐II lot. To determine why the other lots promoted different growth properties, we used proteomic techniques to analyze the protein composition of the three lots. We then performed a time course study to monitor specific changes in individual proteins in the fermentation medium. The amount of several extracellular matrix and structural proteins, which are indicators of cell growth, increased over time. Alternatively, components supplied by the FBS addition, such as nutritional‐related and cell‐spreading‐related proteins, decreased over time.
Human cytomegalovirus elicits fetal γδ T cell responses in utero

The fetus and infant are highly susceptible to viral infections. Several viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (CMV), cause more severe disease in early life compared with later life. It is generally accepted that this is a result of the immaturity of the immune system. γδ T cells are unconventional T cells that can react rapidly upon activation and show major histocompatibility complex–unrestricted activity. We show that upon CMV infection in utero, fetal γδ T cells expand and become differentiated. The expansion was restricted to Vγ9-negative γδ T cells, irrespective of their Vδ chain expression. Differentiated γδ T cells expressed high levels of IFN-γ, transcription factors T-bet and eomes, natural killer receptors, and cytotoxic mediators. CMV infection induced a striking enrichment of a public Vγ8Vδ1-TCR, containing the germline-encoded complementary-determining-region-3 (CDR3) δ1–CALGELGDDKLIF/CDR3γ8–CATWDTTGWFKIF. Public Vγ8Vδ1-TCR–expressing cell clones produced IFN-γ upon coincubation with CMV-infected target cells in a TCR/CD3-dependent manner and showed antiviral activity. Differentiated γδ T cells and public Vγ8Vδ1-TCR were detected as early as after 21 wk of gestation. Our results indicate that functional fetal γδ T cell responses can be generated during development in utero and suggest that this T cell subset could participate in antiviral defense in early life.
Raised D-dimer levels in acute sickle cell crisis and their correlation with chest X-ray abnormalities

Objective: Quantitation of D-dimer level during a sickling crisis and its correlation with other clinical abnormalities. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Setting: Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Patients: Adult patients (12 years and older) admitted acutely with a sickle cell crisis who consent to taking part in the study. Candidates may re-participate if they are readmitted with a further acute painful crisis. Results: 36 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease consented to take part in the study. D-dimer levels were raised in 31 (68.9%) of 45 episodes of painful crisis of whom 13 had an abnormal chest X-ray. Of those with a normal chest X-ray only one patient had a raised D-dimer level: sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity 40.6%, positive predictive value 38.7% and negative predictive value of 92.9% for an abnormal chest X-ray. Conclusion: D-dimer levels are frequently raised during an acute painful crisis. A normal level has a high negative predictive value for an abnormal chest X-ray.
Optimal decomposed particle filtering of two closely spaced Gaussian targets

For Bayesian filtering of two closely spaced linear Gaussian targets from Gaussian observations, the paper exploits a unique decomposition of the joint conditional density into a mixture of a permutation invariant density and a permutation strictly variant density. This leads to the development of a novel particle filter which performs optimal in the sense of either minimizing track swapping or minimizing track switching, and which includes estimation of the conditional track swap probability. Through Monte Carlo simulations, it is shown that minimizing track switching has a significant advantage over minimizing track swapping, and that the novel particle filter performs remarkably better than a standard particle filter.
Fanconi anemia signaling and Mus81 cooperate to safeguard development and crosslink repair

Individuals with Fanconi anemia (FA) are susceptible to bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, cancer predisposition and exhibit defective DNA crosslink repair. The relationship of this repair defect to disease traits remains unclear, given that crosslink sensitivity is recapitulated in FA mouse models without most of the other disease-related features. Mice deficient in Mus81 are also defective in crosslink repair, yet MUS81 mutations have not been linked to FA. Using mice deficient in both Mus81 and the FA pathway protein FancC, we show both proteins cooperate in parallel pathways, as concomitant loss of FancC and Mus81 triggered cell-type-specific proliferation arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage accumulation in utero. Mice deficient in both FancC and Mus81 that survived to birth exhibited growth defects and an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities. This cooperativity of FancC and Mus81 in developmental outcome was also mirrored in response to crosslink damage and chromosomal integrity. Thus, our findings reveal that both pathways safeguard against DNA damage from exceeding a critical threshold that triggers proliferation arrest and apoptosis, leading to compromised in utero development.
Pride and prejudice.

Time to recognise the weaknesses ofthe white paper Where the effect of change is speculative. where the competition rules have not been thought out and we do not know what they will be, where changes almost certainly will not result in better or cheaper health, I believe with all humility that a period of further thought would be the path of wisdom. Thus Lord Wilberforce, "intellectually brilliant and eminently reasonable," in the debate in the House of Lords. ' But one change has been made to his speech: he was talking about "advocacy" rather than "health," for the discussion was about the radical changes proposed for the legal professions. The lawyers have won some sort of breathing space; so far the doctors have not-why? The answer may lie in pride and prejudice. Mr Clarke's pride, his political reputation, is at stake for he was put at the Department of Health to do an impossible job. His short timetable is aimed at the next general election rather than at the public's health, given that introducing the scheme by 1991 will mean the parliamentary draughtsmen having to start work this autumn. Mr Clarke's prejudice comes from too little contact with doctors and nurses-those in daily touch with patients. For, compared with lawyers, few doctors are MPs or peers, and it is easy to stigmatise the unknown, the health professionals, as unreasonable opponents inevitably and implacably opposed to any change. The reality is different. The crisis arose out of complaints from the care givers of the long term underfunding of the health service, threatening standards of civilised care. Something had to be done, but skill was needed to ensure that things became better rather than worse. If the reforms were to be radical then debate and experiment would be vital and detail was all important. None of this could be achieved without consulting those who do the work: doctors, nurses, and managers. In the event consultation did not take place, and the plans for the largest industry in Europe became enshrined in 60 000 words of waffle. If serious discussion was lacking on the government side, it has emerged in the professional comments. Thus not only has our series of articles detailed the impossibly short timetable, the failure to experiment, and the lack of information systems but it has also come up with positive suggestions: Professor David Morrell, for example, has shown how in …
Combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives

Combined hormonal contraceptives consist of an estrogen and a progestogen, and act primarily by preventing ovulation through the inhibition of the follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. The progestogen component also renders the cervical mucus relatively impenetrable to sperm, and reduces the receptivity of the endometrium to implantation (IARC, 2007). A variety of innovations have been developed since combined hormonal contraceptives were first available in the late 1950s, including changes in drug components, doses used, and the temporal sequencing of exposure to drugs. The dominant trends have been towards less androgenic progestogens, lower doses of estrogen and progestogen, the near abandonment of hormonal contraceptives with an estrogen-only phase, a proliferation of different product formulations, and continuing development of novel delivery systems (IARC, 2007). 1.1 Identification of the agents
Cohort Profile Update: The 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study

In this manuscript, we update the profile of the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.In 1982, 5914 live births whose families lived in the urban are of Pelotas were enrolled in the cohort. In 2012–13, we tried to locate the whole original cohort; 3701 participants were interviewed who, added to the 325 known deaths, represented a follow-up rate of 68.1%. In contrast to the previous home interviews, in this wave all participants were invited to visit the research clinic to be interviewed and examined. The visit was carried out at a mean age of 30.2 years and mainly focused on four categories of outcomes: (i) mental health; (ii) body composition; (iii) precursors of complex chronic diseases; and (iv) human capital. Requests for collaboration by outside researchers are welcome.
Clinical outcome of arterial myocardial revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic arteries in diabetic patients: a single centre experience.

OBJECTIVES The use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITAs) grafting has been documented to be advantageous over left internal thoracic artery (LITA) grafting. It has been shown to significantly improve clinical outcomes and increase long-term survival in patients with diabetes. However, harvesting BITAs may result in a greater risk of superficial wound infection (SWI) or deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) and cardiovascular complications (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events; MACCE) in such a patient group. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of SWI or DSWI and cardiovascular events in a series of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients who underwent BITA grafting vs LITA grafting. METHODS A total of 147 patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes underwent isolated CABG at John Paul II Hospital. Of these, 38 procedures were performed using BITA grafting and 109 with LITA-saphenous vein grafting. RESULTS MACCE were similar in bilateral groups (7.9%--BITA group and 9.2%--LITA group). No significant difference was found in mortality and length of stay between bilateral groups. The MACCE risk factor was age. The incidence of SWI and DSWI and sternal re-fixation did not differ between the BITA or LITA groups (5.2 vs 9.1%, 5.2 vs 7.3% and 5.2 vs 6.4%). The risk factors for DSWI were age (odds ratio 3.47, P = 0.032 for every 10 years) and body mass index >30 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS Perioperative complications do not increase with the use of BITAs in this group of diabetic patients. There are no statistically significant differences in the number of superficial or deep wound infections or number of sternal resuturing between the BITA and LITA groups.
Cardiovascular-Kidney Interactions in Health and Disease D 5 dopamine receptor regulation of reactive oxygen species production , NADPH oxidase , and blood pressure

Zhiwei Yang, Laureano D. Asico, Peiying Yu, Zheng Wang, John E. Jones, Crisanto S. Escano, Xiaoyan Wang, Mark T. Quinn, David R. Sibley, Guillermo G. Romero, Robin A. Felder, and Pedro A. Jose Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China; Department of Pediatrics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland; Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Center for the Health Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia
Identification of Novel Human Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Isolates and Determination of the Seroprevalence of HEV in Korea

ABSTRACT Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was originally identified as the causative agent of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Recently, HEV isolates were subsequently identified in humans and swine in many countries, including Korea. Also, public concerns regarding HEV as a potential zoonotic agent have been increasing. Therefore, we attempted to identify HEV from Korean sera and compare the nucleotide sequences with those of previously identified HEV isolates from other countries. In our study, viral RNA was purified from 568 human sera collected from different regions of Korea. Nested PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR were developed based on the nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 2 (ORF 2) of U.S. and Japanese HEV isolates from humans and Korean HEV isolates from swine. After amplification of the HEV ORF 2 gene from 14 serum samples that were collected mainly from rural areas (2.64% prevalence of HEV viremia), the gene was cloned and sequenced. The isolates were classified into seven different strains, all of which belonged to genotype III. The human isolates we identified were closely related to three Korean swine isolates, with 99.2 to 92.9% nucleotide sequence homology. Our isolates were also related to the Japanese and U.S. HEV isolates, with 99.6 to 97.9% amino acid sequence homology. Human sera were collected from 361 individuals from community health centers and medical colleges. With respect to seroprevalence, 11.9% of the Korean population had anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG). In individuals ranging in age from 40 to over 60 years, the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was demonstrated by a seroprevalence of almost 15%, especially among populations in rural areas. This is the first report on the identification of human HEV in Korea. Overall, this study demonstrates that subclinical HEV infections may prevail in human populations in Korea and that there is a strong possibility that HEV is a zoonotic agent.
Neural meshes: statistical learning based on normals

We present a method for the adaptive reconstruction of a surface directly from an unorganized point cloud. The algorithm is based on an incrementally expanding neural network and the statistical analysis of its learning process. In particular, we make use of the simple observation that during the learning process the normal of a vertex near a sharp edge or a high curvature area of the target space, statistically, will vary more than the normal of a vertex near a flat area. We use the information obtained from the study of these normal variations to steer the learning process in an adaptive meshing application, producing meshes with more triangles near the high curvature areas. The same information is used in a feature detection application.
Life Events and Schizophrenic Relapse after Withdrawal of Medication

Research with schizophrenic out-patients has shown that antipsychotic medication reduces relapse rates. This protective factor may operate partially by raising the threshold for relapse in the face of environmental stressors such as life events and high levels of familial expressed emotion. A prospective, longitudinal design was employed in the monthly collection of life-events data with 23 recent-onset schizophrenic out-patients. In a between-subjects ANOVA, a significantly higher frequency of independent life events was found in the month prior to a relapse for ten patients on medication, as compared with the analogous month for 13 drug-free patients. These findings suggest that neuroleptic medication may produce a prophylactic effect by raising a patient's threshold of vulnerability to relapse.