Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translational averaging for completeness, characterization and oversampling of wavelets

The single underlying method of averaging the wavelet functional over translates yields first a new completeness criterion for orthonormal wavelet systems, and then a unified treatment of known results on characterization of wavelets on the Fourier transform side, on preservation of frame bounds by oversampling, and on equivalence of affine and quasiaffine frames. The method applies to multiwavelet systems in all dimensions, to dilation matrices that are in some cases not expanding, and to dual frame pairs.
Effects of imidacloprid administered in sub-lethal doses on honey bee behaviour. Laboratory tests

Under certain circumstances, the effects of imidacloprid on honey bees may not be immediately perceived. The aim of this study was to investigate if imidacloprid, provided in sub-lethal doses, could influence honey bee behaviour in the laboratory. Imidacloprid (supplied as Confidor®) was offered to bees in 50 % sucrose solution at two different concentrations (100 ppb and 500 ppb of active ingredient). Each dose was administered both as single dose and ad libitum, to three sets of 10 honey bee fora- gers. Bees fed with 50% sucrose solution were used as a control. Feeding occurred in holding cages in an incubator in complete darkness. After administration, in each treatment, the behaviour of the bees was recorded with an IR camera, and then analysed with "The Observer" computer program. In each treatment bees were significantly less active (in terms of mobility) than bees in the untreated control. Furthermore, in the treated bees, the communicative capacity seemed to be impaired, and this could cause a decline in the social behaviour. Never- theless, the negative effects appeared only after a certain period of time following administration (30-60 minutes) and vanished after several hours. Imidacloprid therefore has an inhibiting, even though transitory, effect on honey bees. We assume that the period of time in which honey bee behaviour is altered could negatively affect both the individual and the entire colony.
MODELING STABILIZING SELECTION: EXPANDING THE ORNSTEIN–UHLENBECK MODEL OF ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION

Comparative methods used to study patterns of evolutionary change in a continuous trait on a phylogeny range from Brownian motion processes to models where the trait is assumed to evolve according to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process. Although these models have proved useful in a variety of contexts, they still do not cover all the scenarios biologists want to examine. For models based on the OU process, model complexity is restricted in current implementations by assuming that the rate of stochastic motion and the strength of selection do not vary among selective regimes. Here, we expand the OU model of adaptive evolution to include models that variously relax the assumption of a constant rate and strength of selection. In its most general form, the methods described here can assign each selective regime a separate trait optimum, a rate of stochastic motion parameter, and a parameter for the strength of selection. We use simulations to show that our models can detect meaningful differences in the evolutionary process, especially with larger sample sizes. We also illustrate our method using an empirical example of genome size evolution within a large flowering plant clade.
Priming Competence Diminishes the Link Between Cognitive Test Anxiety and Test Performance

Researchers disagree whether the correlation between cognitive test anxiety and test performance is causal or explainable by skill deficits, which lead to both cognitive test anxiety and lower test performance. Most causal theories of test anxiety assume that individual differences in cognitive test anxiety originate from differences in self-perceived competence. Accordingly, in the present research, we sought to temporarily heighten perceptions of competence using a priming intervention. Two studies with secondary- and vocational-school students (Ns = 219 and 232, respectively) contrasted this intervention with a no-priming control condition. Priming competence diminished the association between cognitive test anxiety and test performance by heightening the performance of cognitively test-anxious students and by lowering the performance of students with low levels of cognitive test anxiety. The findings suggest that cognitively test-anxious persons have greater abilities than they commonly show. Competency priming may offer a way to improve the situation of people with cognitive test anxiety.
Using pedagogical advisement in technology-based environments

Education graduate students completed a technology-based instructional module on introductory statistics with a solicited guidance mechanism. Randomly assigned subjects used on-screen digitized video of a human advisor, on-screen text-based advisor, pull-down digitized video of a human advisor, or pull-down text-based advisor. Results indicated the on-screen video-based advisor condition resulted in higher advisor use than both the text-based and video-based pull-down advisor conditions. Advisor use was significantly correlated with performance during instruction, to time spent during instruction, and to television hours watched per week, but not with retention scores.
Structure and star formation in disk galaxies - II. Optical imaging

We present optical observations of a sample of 57 spiral galaxies and describe the procedures followed to reduce the data. We have obtained images in the optical B and I broad bands, as well as in Hα, with moderate spatial resolution and across wide enough fields to image the complete disks of the galaxies. In addition, we observed 55 of our sample galaxies in the R and eight in the V band, and imaged a subset through a dedicated narrow continuum filter for the Hα line. We describe the data reduction procedures we developed in the course of this work to register, combine and photometrically calibrate each set of images for an individual galaxy. We describe in some detail the procedure used to subtract the continuum emission from our Hα images. In companion papers, we describe near-infrared imaging of the galaxy sample, and present analyses of disk scale lengths, and of properties of bars, rings, and H  regions in the sample galaxies. The images described here are available for use by other researchers.
An Illustration of the Contribution of the TOPEX/Poseidon—Jason-1 Tandem Mission to Mesoscale Variability Studies

Almost one year of TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason-1 data are processed to analyze the contribution of the tandem mission to mesoscale studies. To merge T/P and Jason-1 sea level anomaly (SLA) data, the main difficulty is to estimate consistent mean profiles for the two missions. An ocean variability correction is thus applied to T/P data before computing the mean profile. As a result, T/P and Jason-1 mean profile crossover differences are reduced from 4.6 cm to 1.5 cm rms only. Results from the tandem mission are then compared with those derived from Jason-1 alone and an external verification is performed with ERS-2 data. We show that, in regions with large mesoscale variability, the sea level and velocity can be mapped respectively with an accuracy of about 6% and 20 to 30% of the signal variance. Compared to Jason-1 or T/P, the tandem mission is also shown to provide a much better description of the Gulf Stream meanders and eddies and of their associated velocity field. These results are very encouraging and demonstrate the potential of an optimised two-satellite constellation for the mesoscale circulation monitoring.
Recursive least squares and quadratic prediction in continuous multistep problems

XCS with computed prediction, namely XCSF, has been recently extended in several ways. In particular, a novel prediction update algorithm based on recursive least squares and the extension to polynomial prediction led to significant improvements of XCSF. However, these extensions have been studied so far only on single step problems and it is currently not clear if these findings might be extended also to multistep problems. In this paper we investigate this issue by analyzing the performance of XCSF with recursive least squares and with quadratic prediction on continuous multistep problems. Our results show that both these extensions improve the convergence speed of XCSF toward an optimal performance. As showed by the analysis reported in this paper, these improvements are due to the capabilities of recursive least squares and of polynomial prediction to provide a more accurate approximation of the problem value function after the first few learning problems.
Confronting settler colonialism: Theoretical and methodological questions about social studies research

ABSTRACT In this conceptual piece, we situate settler colonial theory and qualitative inquiry in a discussion about the research(ing) of social studies education. The context for this article includes our visit and conversations with 9th grade Oklahoma history teachers and their teaching and curriculum within Indigneous contexts. Although not focused as an analysis of our conversations with teachers, our discussion asks many questions about how we engage in social justice work and the choices we make in our research methodology.
Beyond the ‘ Global Factory ’ model : innovative capabilities for upgrading China ’ s IT Industry

China is now the largest exporter of IT goods, surpassing the USA, up from a world ranking of tenth in the year 2000. But this ‘global factory’ model now faces new competitive challenges as globalisation transforms markets for technology and knowledge workers. This has forced China’s policy makers and corporate strategists to seek ways to move beyond the ‘global factory’ model. A brief review of China’s ‘global factory’ model highlights its integration into diverse global network arrangements. This paper introduces the concept of ‘Industrial Upgrading’ (IU) that links specialisation with firm-level and industry-level upgrading. This concept is used to discuss what specific innovative capabilities are required to upgrade China’s IT industry. This paper also emphasises that ‘soft’ entrepreneurial, management and system integration capabilities need to complement ‘hard’ R&D. The argument is that ‘technology leadership strategies’ that focus on ‘radical’ innovations are not the only option. ‘Technology diversification’ can serve as a complementary and arguably less costly option.
Optimal routing control: game theoretic approach

Communication networks shared by selfish users are considered and modeled as noncooperative repeated games. Each user is interested only in optimizing its own performance by controlling the routing of its load. We investigate the existence of a NEP that achieves the system-wide optimal cost. The existence of a NEP that not only achieves the system-wide optimal cost but also yields a cost for each user no greater than its stage game NEP cost is shown for two-node multiple link networks. It is shown that more general networks where all users have the same source-destination pair have a NEP that achieves the minimum total system cost under a mild technical condition. It is shown general networks with users having multiple source-destination pairs do not necessarily have such an NEP.
Hsa-miR-181a-5p expression and effects on cell proliferation in gastric cancer.

PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (approximately 22 nt). Accumulating evidence has shown that aberrant miRNA expression is pronounced and correlated with gastric cancer genesis and progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression levels of miR-181a-5p in GC tissues and cell lines were assessed by qRT-PCR and tested for correlation with clinical features. In addition, effects of miR-181a-5p on GC cell growth were investigated. RESULTS Our findings indicate that miR-181a-5p is upregulated in GC, in correlation with lymph node invasion, nerve invasion and vascular invasion (P<0.05). Enforced expression of miR-181a -5p promoted cell proliferation ability. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that increased miR-181a-5p is related to GC progression. MiR-181a-5p may represent a potential therapeutic target for GC.
The progression of replication forks at natural replication barriers in live bacteria

Protein–DNA complexes are one of the principal barriers the replisome encounters during replication. One such barrier is the Tus–ter complex, which is a direction dependent barrier for replication fork progression. The details concerning the dynamics of the replisome when encountering these Tus–ter barriers in the cell are poorly understood. By performing quantitative fluorescence microscopy with microfuidics, we investigate the effect on the replisome when encountering these barriers in live Escherichia coli cells. We make use of an E. coli variant that includes only an ectopic origin of replication that is positioned such that one of the two replisomes encounters a Tus–ter barrier before the other replisome. This enables us to single out the effect of encountering a Tus–ter roadblock on an individual replisome. We demonstrate that the replisome remains stably bound after encountering a Tus–ter complex from the non-permissive direction. Furthermore, the replisome is only transiently blocked, and continues replication beyond the barrier. Additionally, we demonstrate that these barriers affect sister chromosome segregation by visualizing specific chromosomal loci in the presence and absence of the Tus protein. These observations demonstrate the resilience of the replication fork to natural barriers and the sensitivity of chromosome alignment to fork progression.
Tumor Xenografts C ]-Labeled Erlotinib : A Micro-PET Study on Mice with Lung 11 Positron Emission Tomography ( PET ) Imaging with [

Erlotinib (Tarceva) targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is commonly overexpressed in human cancers, including lung cancer. We show that erlotinib can be labeled with [C] by reacting the normethyl precursor with [C]-methyl iodide. By using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide proliferation assay, two lung cancer cell lines (A549 and NCI358) were shown to be less sensitive to erlotinib compared with the lung cancer cell line HCC827. This correlated with higher expression and activity of the EGFR in HCC827 cells as compared with the less sensitive cell lines. Micro–positron emission tomography (PET) and biodistribution of erlotinib was performed with [C]-erlotinib in nude mice bearing xenografts of A549, NCI358, and HCC827 cells. Dynamic micro-PET showed that HCC827 tumors had the highest [C]-erlotinib uptake and retained the activity significantly longer as compared with A549 and NCI358 tumors. Biodistribution of [C]-erlotinib in the xenograft models of lung cancer showed the highest accumulation in the liver. In mice carrying the sensitive cancer cells, the accumulation of [C]-erlotinib was higher in tumors than in the other organs. In contrast, the drug accumulated to a comparable extent in tumors from the less sensitive cancer cells and the other organs. Uptake of [C]-erlotinib in the tumors was 1.6%, 0.7%, and 3.7% (percentage of injected dose/g), in A549, NCI358, and HCC827 cells, respectively. We show for the first time that [C]-erlotinib identifies erlotinibsensitive tumors. These results pave the road for studies examining the benefit of [C]-erlotinib PET in patients with lung tumors or other tumors overexpressing EGFR. [Cancer Res 2009;69(3):873–8]
Vacuum Structure and Spectrum of N=2 Supersymmetric SU(n) Gauge Theory.

We present an exact description of the metric on the moduli space of vacua and the spectrum of massive states for four dimensional {ital N}=2 supersymmetric SU({ital n}) gauge theories. The moduli space of quantum vacua is identified with the moduli space of a special set of genus {ital n}{minus}1 hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces.
Constructing Difference: American Protestantism, Christian Workers, and Albanian-Greek Relations in Late Ottoman Europe

Abstract:American missionaries have played complicated roles in shaping Southeastern Europe since the mid-nineteenth century. Sometimes welcomed as proponents of new ideas, particularly in education, they and their local assistants have also been depicted as foreign intruders. But whereas their cultural impact in institutionalizing vernacular education and gender reform in the region has spurred groundbreaking academic research, their political activism remains unknown and unstudied. In Ottoman Görice (Korçë), a peripheral town on the present Greek-Albanian border, American Protestant missionaries and Albanian Christian workers founded a nondenominational mission in 1908 and rapidly constructed a religious-nationalist vision for a Protestant and independent Albania in 1913. Although their arrival was initially greeted with antagonism from the local Orthodox and Muslim establishments, their vernacular activism gradually became a political tool of nationalist differentiation. By exploring how these newcomers reinterpreted Orthodox protectionism into supposed Greek persecution in particular, this article seeks to determine the political impact of American Protestantism on Albanian-Greek relations.
Context-oriented software transactional memory in common lisp

Software transactional memory (STM) is a promising approach for coordinating concurrent threads, for which many implementation strategies are currently being researched. Although some first steps exist to ease experimenting with different strategies, this still remains a relatively complex and cumbersome task. The reason is that software transactions require STM-specific dynamic crosscutting adaptations, but this is not accounted for in current STM implementations. This paper presents CSTM, an STM framework based on Context-oriented Progamming, in which transactions are modelled as dynamically scoped layer activations. It enables expressing transactional variable accesses as user-defined crosscutting concerns, without requiring invasive changes in the rest of a program. This paper presents a proof-of-concept implementation based on ContextL for Common Lisp, along with example STM strategies and preliminary benchmarks, and introduces some of ContextL's unique features for context-dependent variable accesses.
Theory of Parabolic Arcs in Interstellar Scintillation Spectra

Interstellar scintillation (ISS), observed as time variation in the intensity of a compact radio source, is caused by small-scale structure in the electron density of the interstellar plasma. Dynamic spectra of ISS show modulation in radio frequency and time. Here we relate the (two-dimensional) power spectrum of the dynamic spectrum—the secondary spectrum—to the scattered image of the source. Recent work has identified remarkable parabolic arcs in secondary spectra. Each point in a secondary spectrum corresponds to interference between points in the scattered image with a certain Doppler shift and a certain delay. The parabolic arc corresponds to the quadratic relation between differential Doppler shift and delay through their common dependence on scattering angle. We show that arcs will occur in all media that scatter significant power at angles larger than the rms angle. Thus, effects such as source diameter, steep spectra, and dissipation scales, which truncate high angle scattering, also truncate arcs. Arcs are equally visible in simulations of nondispersive scattering. They are enhanced by anisotropic scattering when the spatial structure is elongated perpendicular to the velocity. In weak scattering the secondary spectrum is directly mapped from the scattered image, and this mapping can be inverted. We discuss additional observed phenomena including multiple arcs and reverse arclets oriented oppositely to the main arc. These phenomena persist for many refractive scattering times, suggesting that they are due to large-scale density structures, rather than low-frequency components of Kolmogorov turbulence.
Income and Wealth Over the Life Cycle Evidence from Panel Data

An intake apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an intake apparatus body including a plurality of intake pipes which are connected to respective cylinders of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine including the cylinders of which the number is multiples of three, and an outside gas distribution portion distributing outside gas to each of the plurality of intake pipes, the outside gas distribution portion including a single first outside gas distribution pipe connected to an outside gas supply source, a plurality of second outside gas distribution pipes branched from the first outside gas distribution portion, an outside gas collective passage gathering outside gas from the plurality of second outside gas distribution pipes, and three third outside gas distribution pipes branched from the outside gas collective passage and connected to the plurality of intake pipes respectively.
Effects of Extraction and Processing Methods on Antioxidant Compound Contents and Radical Scavenging Activities of Laver (Porphyra tenera)

Laver is one of the most consumed edible red algae seaweeds in the genus Porphyra. Laver is primarily prepared in the form of dried, roasted, and seasoned products. We investigated the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of laver products, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from commercially processed laver products. Significant differences in the concentration of phenolic compounds were found among differently processed laver. The total phenolic content for laver extracts ranged from 10.81 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract to 32.14 mg GAE/g extract, depending on extraction solvent and temperature. Laver extracts contained very few flavonoids (0.55 mg catechin equivalent/g extracts to 1.75 mg catechin equivalent/g extracts). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion scavenging assays were used to determine the radical scavenging capacities of laver extracts. These assays revealed that the processing method and extraction condition affected the antioxidant potentials of laver. Antioxidant activity of dried laver, roasted laver, and seasoned laver increased in a concentration-dependent manner (100~1,000 μg/mL). The radical scavenging activities of 37°C and 100°C water extracts were lower than that of a 37°C 70% ethanol extract. The highest radical scavenging capacity was observed in the 37°C 70% ethanol extracts of dried laver, roasted laver, and seasoned laver. Overall, these results support that notion that laver contains bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, which may have a positive effect on health.