Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Global Study of the Practice and Impact of Distributed Instructional Leadership in International Baccalaureate (IB) Schools

Over the last half century, international schools have come to represent an increasingly important sector in the changing global education context. International Baccalaureate (IB) schools in particular, and international schools more generally, can be viewed as specific types of educational contexts for leadership practice. In this article we report the results of a mixed-methods study of instructional leadership practices in IB schools located throughout the world. In the quantitative phase, we analyzed data from a global survey of IB program IB coordinators conducted in 2008. The broad trends revealed by the quantitative analysis were then considered in light of qualitative data obtained through in-depth case studies of five IB World Schools in East Asia. Reference to the qualitative data enabled us to explore how instructional leadership was distributed in these schools, as well as how these leadership practices contributed to smoother student transitions across IB programs. Our combined results suggest that instructional leadership is widely distributed in IB schools and contributes to creating cross-program coherence. The study contributes to research on school leadership by illuminating how instructional leadership is distributed in international schools, a heretofore under-researched domain of educational leadership.
The Role Of Coaching in Student Teams: A “Just-in-Time” Approach To Learning

This article focuses on methods to improve student satisfaction and learning in team projects. The article describes in detail three sequential modules that the instructor can present in class to improve student team performance and learning: (a) starting student teams off on the right foot, (b) helping teams manage diversity and conflict, and (c) helping students learn from their teamwork experience. The article also highlights the role of the teacher as a learning coach during the teambuilding process, tying specific classroom behaviors to each of the three instructional modules. The discussion is supported by survey results on student teams involving 76 business school faculty and 199 undergraduate students. The article concludes that student team projects constitute a valuable peer-centered learning experience only when instructors are active coaches, giving just-in-time feedback and providing focused and concrete guidance at strategic intervals during the semester.
Thorough investigation of Si-nanocrystal memories with high-k interpoly dielectrics for sub-45nm node Flash NAND applications

In this paper we show for the 1st time that Silicon nanocrystal (Si-ncs) memories with high-k (HfO2, Al2O3 and HfAlO) interpoly dielectrics (IPD) can offer excellent behaviour in the Fowler-Nordheim regime, with great relevance for future sub-45 nm NAND memory generations. We significantly advance the state-of-the-art by showing a strict correlation between the different IPD properties and the performance obtained on memory transistors down to 90 nm gate lengths. In particular the results demonstrate that HfAlO IPDs combine the fast p/e and good 105 cycles endurance behaviour of HfO2 and the long retention of Al2O3 with no activation up to 125degC Then, in order to boost the memory window, we also integrated a hybrid Si-nc/SiN layer floating gate, with a HfAlO based IPD. It is shown that a 6V DeltaVth can be achieved, with good retention and cycling behaviours.
Conscious vs Unconscious Processes

Several lines of empirical research show a contrast between conscious and unconscious functions in humans. Dyslexics show eye movement patterns that concentrate on correct solutions to language problems, even if the patients fail to solve the problems, showing a decoupling of observable behavior from conscious awareness and integrating ability. Vision is represented by many topographic maps in the brain, and these maps can be separated into two streams of visual processing. Only one is available to consciousness; the other controls visually guided behavior. In the laboratory, different spatial values can be stored simultaneously in cognitive and sensorimotor visual systems respectively, and seemingly contradictory spatial behavior can originate from each. Taken together, the empirical studies show important unconscious aspects of mental activity, and a very restricted role for consciousness.
Étude des caractéristiques psychologiques et psychobiologiques des enfants à haut potentiel

Resume Cette etude a pour objectif de mettre en evidence les profils psychologiques et physiologiques des enfants a haut potentiel. En effet, certaines caracteristiques sont plus frequemment associees aux hautes potentialites (grossesses anormales, naissances prematurees, myopie, allergies, migraines.). Ces caracteristiques nous amenent a formuler l’existence de perturbations durant la grossesse ayant pour consequence le developpement d’une structure cerebrale singuliere, propre a ces enfants. Notre etude inclut 45 enfants a haut potentiel repartis dans 2 groupes selon l’harmonie de leur profil intellectuel et un groupe de 30 enfants a potentiel normal. Notre recherche confirme la presence de caracteristiques psychologiques, psychopathologiques, physiologiques et sociales des enfants a haut potentiel. L’origine innee ou acquise de ces perturbations n’est pas encore bien determinee. Notre option defend l’hypothese d’une influence combinee des facteurs environnementaux et innes dans le developpement de hautes potentialites chez l’enfant.
Words about body and soul: Social representations relating to health and illness

The purpose was to examine a sample of Stockholm residents’ social representations of their physical and mental health and ill-health. Four open-ended questions were answered by 1240 people between 18–80 years. A thematic analysis revealed nine aspects of health: physical, lifestyle, psychological, social, recreational, work and study, treatment, other and multifactorial aspects. Some cross-cutting themes were described to have an impact on health: empowerment, health-conscious lifestyle, life balance and life perspective. A key result is the interdependence between physical and mental health that was described by the respondents.
A Workflow-Based Access Control Framework for e-Health Applications

In this paper, we present a framework where access rights are provided to entities on the basis of the actual task that the entities must fulfill as part of their duties. For capturing the requirements of entities' duties we use the notion of workflow. Our main aim is to provide an access control mechanism that is able to balance the competing goals of flexibility and security. As the main beneficiary of our approach we consider e-Health Applications, where flexibility and security are major requirements. We also provide an implementation of a medical case study to illustrate the framework.
Positive and negative deviant workplace behaviors: causes, impacts, and solutions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact on organizations of both negative deviant workplace behaviors – those that violate organizational norms, policies or internal rules – and positive deviant workplace behaviors – those that honorably violate them. The reasons why people engage in such behaviors are explored, along with some of the reasons why organizations allow such behaviors to thrive within their walls. A typology of positive workplace behavior is determined and is compared with other pro‐social behaviors such as: whistleblowing, corporate social responsibility, organizational citizenship behavior and innovation. Possible solutions to overcome problems associated with negative deviant behavior in the workplace are examined, along with how to promote positive deviant behavior in the workplace.Design/methodology/approach – A literature review on current positive and negative deviant workplace behavior was conducted.Findings – Regardless of whether negative deviance is overt or im.
Communication between physicians and family caregivers about care at the end of life: when do discussions occur and what is said?

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined physician-family caregiver communication at the end of life, despite the important role families have in end-of-life care decisions. We examined family caregiver reports of physician communication about incurable illness, life expectancy, and hospice; the timing of these discussions; and subsequent family understanding of these issues. DESIGN Mixed methods study using a closed-ended survey of 206 family caregivers and open-ended, in-depth interviews with 12 additional family caregivers. SETTING/SUBJECTS Two hundred eighteen primary family caregivers of patients with cancer enrolled with hospice between October 1999 and June 2002. MEASUREMENTS Family caregiver reports provided at the time of hospice enrollment of physician discussions of incurable illness, life expectancy, and hospice. RESULTS Many family caregivers reported that a physician never told them the patient's illness could not be cured (20.8%), never provided life expectancy (40% of those reportedly told illness was incurable), and never discussed using hospice (32.2%). Caregivers reported the first discussion of the illness being incurable and of hospice as a possibility occurred within 1 month of the patient's death in many cases (23.5% and 41.1%, respectively). In open-ended interviews, however, family caregivers expressed ambivalence about what they wanted to know, and their difficulty comprehending and accepting "bad news" was apparent in both qualitative and quantitative data. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ineffective communication about end-of-life issues likely results from both physician's lack of discussion and family caregiver's difficulty hearing the news. Future studies should examine strategies for optimal physician-family caregiver communication about incurable illness, so that families and patients can begin the physical, emotional, and spiritual work that can lead to acceptance of the irreversible condition.
Distributive Justice in Common-Bond and Common-Identity Groups

Two experiments tested whether common-bond groups (attachment based on interpersonal bonds between the members) and common-identity groups (attachment based on attraction to the group as a whole; Prentice, Miller, & Lightdale, 1994) make different fairness judgments. Overall, the use of the equality heuristic (Messick, 1993) was expected. Moreover, based on social identity theory, we predicted that members of common-bond groups show an egocentric bias, whereas members of common-identity groups forgo their individual goals for the group goal. In both experiments, positive and negative outcomes were distributed. Experiment 1 manipulated the degree of involvement, Experiment 2 varied responsibility for the outcome. Results of both studies supported the hypothesis, thus emphasizing the importance of the distinction between common-bond and common-identity groups.
Multi-Scale Measures of Rugosity, Slope and Aspect from Benthic Stereo Image Reconstructions

This paper demonstrates how multi-scale measures of rugosity, slope and aspect can be derived from fine-scale bathymetric reconstructions created from geo-referenced stereo imagery. We generate three-dimensional reconstructions over large spatial scales using data collected by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), manned submersibles and diver-held imaging systems. We propose a new method for calculating rugosity in a Delaunay triangulated surface mesh by projecting areas onto the plane of best fit using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Slope and aspect can be calculated with very little extra effort, and fitting a plane serves to decouple rugosity from slope. We compare the results of the virtual terrain complexity calculations with experimental results using conventional in-situ measurement methods. We show that performing calculations over a digital terrain reconstruction is more flexible, robust and easily repeatable. In addition, the method is non-contact and provides much less environmental impact compared to traditional survey techniques. For diver-based surveys, the time underwater needed to collect rugosity data is significantly reduced and, being a technique based on images, it is possible to use robotic platforms that can operate beyond diver depths. Measurements can be calculated exhaustively at multiple scales for surveys with tens of thousands of images covering thousands of square metres. The technique is demonstrated on data gathered by a diver-rig and an AUV, on small single-transect surveys and on a larger, dense survey that covers over . Stereo images provide 3D structure as well as visual appearance, which could potentially feed into automated classification techniques. Our multi-scale rugosity, slope and aspect measures have already been adopted in a number of marine science studies. This paper presents a detailed description of the method and thoroughly validates it against traditional in-situ measurements.
Analysis of the Relationships Between Type Traits and Longevity in Croatian Simmental Cattle Using Survival Analysis

Summary Survival analysis with a Weibull proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the eff ect of linear type traits on the longevity in Croatian Simmental cattle. Th e data set consisted of 8,212 registered Simmental cows that fi rst calved from 1997 to 2008. Longevity was defi ned as the number of days between fi rst calving to culling or censoring. Cows alive at the end of the study (13.6%) were treated as right censored. Type information consisted of 19 linear type traits (with a nine-point scoring range) scored in the fi rst lactation. Linear type traits were classifi ed into four groups: muscularity, size traits, form traits and udder traits. Th e Weibull model included the time-independent eff ects of age at fi rst calving, classifi er, region and each type trait. Th e results showed a signifi cant eff ect of 12 type traits on longevity. Among the form traits, low angled pasterns and extremely straight rear leg side view showed almost 2.0 times higher culling risks than normal posture. Cows with higher scores for the muscularity were at higher culling risk levels compared to lower scores. In the group of size traits, only rump height and body depth had signifi cant impact on longevity. Lower scores for fore udder length were associated with lower risk of culling. In contrary, cows with lower scores for udder depth, suspensory ligament, rear udder length and teats thickness had higher probability of culling than the animals with higher scores.
Fields of Desire: Poverty and Policy in Laos

High's argument is based on long-term fieldwork in a village in Laos. The village was identified as poor and was the subject of multiple poverty reduction and development interventions. This book looks at how these policies were implemented on the ground, particularly at why such apparently beneficent interventions were received locally with suspicion and disillusionment, often ended in failure, and yet, despite this, were also able to recapture people's desires. High relates this to the "post-rebellious" moment in contemporary Laos, the force of aspirations among village residents and locally grounded understandings of the ambivalence of power. Shortlisted for the European Association for Southeast Asian Studies (EuroSEAS) Social Science Book Prize 2015
A Review of Approaches Targeting the Replacement of Coccidiostat Application in Poultry Production

The classical and the most commonly used approach for the prevention of coccidiosis in chickens is the incorporation of synthetic coccidiostats into their feed during the first weeks of their life. This approach has been challenged by consumers, objecting against residual antimicrobials and drug resistant microorganisms that may contaminate poultry products. Moreover, the coccidiostat application approach has been challenged in the last decade by the emerging regulations in the developed world, targeting the cessation of such a practice. The pressures from the consumers as well as from regulation agencies resulted in a great need for alternative methods to reduce, or completely replace the use of coccidiostats in modern chicken production. This replacement requires seeking for safer products that do not have any negative impact on the consumer’s health. Such products are very much in demand, especially in organic poultry farming. The purpose of this review is to present approaches for the replacement of coccidiostat application in chickens through improvements in poultry house management, research in vaccine developments, and application of holistic natural products for the prevention of the economic losses resulting from coccidiosis.
Alterations in gap junction connexin43/connexin45 ratio mediate a transition from quiescence to excitation in a mathematical model of the myometrium

The smooth muscle cells of the uterus contract in unison during delivery. These cells achieve coordinated activity via electrical connections called gap junctions which consist of aggregated connexin proteins such as connexin43 and connexin45. The density of gap junctions governs the excitability of the myometrium (among other factors). An increase in gap junction density occurs immediately prior to parturition. We extend a mathematical model of the myometrium by incorporating the voltage-dependence of gap junctions that has been demonstrated in the experimental literature. Two functional subtypes exist, corresponding to systems with predominantly connexin43 and predominantly connexin45, respectively. Our simulation results indicate that the gap junction protein connexin45 acts as a negative modulator of uterine excitability, and hence, activity. A network with a higher proportion of connexin45 relative to connexin43 is unable to excite every cell. Connexin45 has much more rapid gating kinetics than connexin43 which we show limits the maximum duration of a local burst of activity. We propose that this effect regulates the degree of synchronous excitation attained during a contraction. Our results support the hypothesis that as labour approaches, connexin45 is downregulated to allow action potentials to spread more readily through the myometrium.
Power in political anthropology

This paper reviews the development of anthropological studies of power since the 1970s. It relates anthropological work to broader trends in the social sciences, such as the pervasive influence of Foucauldian perspectives, whilst emphasising what is distinctive in anthropological approaches and contributions to wider debates. The evolution of the field is related to the broadening of anthropology's objects of study, to its questioning of Eurocentric assumptions, to its ethnographic focus on social relations, practices and the materiality of power, and to critiques that emphasize the need to capture all the politics that are embedded in the situations that anthropologists study.
The Gut Immune System and Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract: Accumulating data suggest that the gut immune system plays a role in the development of autoimmune diabetes: (1) Diet modifies the incidence of autoimmune diabetes and the phenotype of the islet‐infiltrating T cells in the animal models of human type 1 diabetes; (2) gut‐associated homing receptor β7‐integrin is found on the islet‐infiltrating T cells in both human type 1 diabetes and in the animal models of autoimmune diabetes; (3) mesenterial lymphocytes from young NOD mice are able to transfer diabetes to healthy recipients; (4) autoantigen feeding modifies the disease development in the animal models (prevents or accelerates autoimmune diabetes). In humans, a link between the gut immune system and type 1 diabetes has also been suggested. Early introduction of cow milk formulas in infancy may increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. We have demonstrated that primary immunization to a β cell‐specific autoantigen, insulin, occurs in the gut by exposure to cow milk formulas, which contain immunogenic bovine insulin. The induced antibody and T cell responses to bovine insulin cross‐react with human insulin. In children at genetic risk who developed β cell autoimmunity, bovine insulin‐binding antibodies increased during follow‐up in contrast to autoantibody‐negative children. This suggests that insulin‐specific immune response induced by dietary insulin may not be controlled in children prone to β cell autoimmunity. The gut immune system has a key role in controlling insulin‐specific immunity induced by dietary insulin. Indeed, indications for aberrant function of the gut immune system have been reported in type 1 diabetes, such as intestinal immune activation and increased intestinal permeability. Research on the gut immune system in human type 1 diabetes is needed to reveal the role of oral immunity in this disease.
A Post-Merger IT Integration Success Story: Sallie Mae

The public goals for the merger were to reduce costs by 40 percent and reduce headcount by 25 percent, while attaining double-digit growth. Nine customer service centers would be reduced to six, and four data centers would be consolidated into one. Of the 1,700 job cuts, 1,400 would come from customer servicing and information technology (IT). The remaining 300 would come from administration and headquarters. Between the two companies, about 500 hardware, A POST-MERGER IT INTEGRATION SUCCESS STORY: SALLIE MAE
Evaluation of the clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of 103 patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

The diagnosis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is difficult owing to its non-specific symptoms and various endoscopic findings. Treatments such as radiotherapy (RT) for localized and chemotherapy (CT) for advanced stages of the disease are employed. The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication (HPE) in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. The medical records of 103 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma for the period 2001–2013, were analyzed. The 103 median age of the patients was 53 years and the male to female ratio was 1:1. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and β2-microglobulin were within normal range. Macroscopically, the most commonly involved site was the antrum, followed by the corpus and fundus. A total of 97 patients (94%) tested positive for H. pylori. Forty patients (39%) had stage I, 35 patients (35%) had local or distant nodal involvement, 20 of 103 patients had stage IIIE (19%) and 8 of 103 patients had stage IV (7%) disease. Complete remission, after HPE, was achieved in 54 of the 69 patients (78%) that were H. pylori-positive and in 2 of the 4 patients (50%) that were H. pylori-negative. HPE had a superior trend in the H. pylori-positive patients although no significant difference was identified in the two groups (p=0.194). In patients with advanced disease, the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates were significantly improoved for patients receiving HPE with CT or RT than those receiving CT or RT (p=0.046 and 0.035, respectively). The multivariate analysis revealed that, the advanced stages were independently associated with shorter PFS, and the modified-International Prognostic Index (m-IPI) (≥2) was associated with shorter OS. In conclusion, gastric MALT lymphoma had a favorable outcome with a high OS rate. HPE was an effective treatment for gastric MALT lymphoma. The patients with advanced stages and m-IPI (≥2) had a much worse prognosis.