Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mixed EWMA–CUSUM Control Chart for Weibull‐Distributed Quality Characteristics

The control charts have been widely used for process monitoring. Shewhart control chart has ability to detect large disturbances in the process. The EWMA and CUSUM charts have ability to detect a small change in the manufacturing process. In this paper, we will design a mixed EWMA–CUSUM control chart for Weibull‐distributed quality characteristics. The Weibull distribution is one of the most popular distributions used to model failure mechanism because of flexible selection of shape and scale parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation is developed to assess the average run lengths for in‐control and out‐of‐control process. The comparison revealed that the proposed mixed chart is more sensitive to detect a small shift in the process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical algebraic geometry approach to nonlinear constrained optimal control

A new method for nonlinear constrained optimal control based on numerical algebraic geometry is presented. First, the optimal control problem is formulated as a parametric optimization program. Then, certain structural information related to the optimization problem is computed off-line. Afterwards, given this information, numerical algebraic geometry techniques are used to efficiently obtain the optimal control input (i.e. optimal solution) of the original control problem in real time. By using homotopy continuation over the field of complex numbers, this approach has a probability-one guarantee of finding the global optimal solution to the problem at hand.
Bmc Cell Biology Wnt Signaling Induces Epithelial Differentiation during Cutaneous Wound Healing

Background: Cutaneous wound repair in adult mammals does not regenerate the original epithelial architecture and results in altered skin function. We propose that lack of regeneration may be due to the absence of appropriate molecular signals to promote regeneration. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Wnt signaling during cutaneous wound healing and the consequence of activating either the beta-catenin-dependent or beta-catenin-independent Wnt signaling on epidermal architecture during wound repair.
Comparative chloroplast genomes of eleven Schima (Theaceae) species: Insights into DNA barcoding and phylogeny

Schima is an ecologically and economically important woody genus in tea family (Theaceae). Unresolved species delimitations and phylogenetic relationships within Schima limit our understanding of the genus and hinder utilization of the genus for economic purposes. In the present study, we conducted comparative analysis among the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of 11 Schima species. Our results indicate that Schima cp genomes possess a typical quadripartite structure, with conserved genomic structure and gene order. The size of the Schima cp genome is about 157 kilo base pairs (kb). They consistently encode 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs, with 17 duplicated in the inverted repeat (IR). These cp genomes are highly conserved and do not show obvious expansion or contraction of the IR region. The percent variability of the 68 coding and 93 noncoding (>150 bp) fragments is consistently less than 3%. The seven most widely touted DNA barcode regions as well as one promising barcode candidate showed low sequence divergence. Eight mutational hotspots were identified from the 11 cp genomes. These hotspots may potentially be useful as specific DNA barcodes for species identification of Schima. The 58 cpSSR loci reported here are complementary to the microsatellite markers identified from the nuclear genome, and will be leveraged for further population-level studies. Phylogenetic relationships among the 11 Schima species were resolved with strong support based on the cp genome data set, which corresponds well with the species distribution pattern. The data presented here will serve as a foundation to facilitate species identification, DNA barcoding and phylogenetic reconstructions for future exploration of Schima.
Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring with Raman spectroscopy: prospects for device miniaturization

The number of patients with diabetes has reached over 350 million, and still continues to increase. The need for regular blood glucose monitoring sparks the interest in the development of modern detection technologies. One of those methods, which allows for noninvasive measurements, is Raman spectroscopy. The ability of infrared light to penetrate deep into tissues allows for obtaining measurements through the skin without its perforation. This paper presents the limitations and possibilities of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring with Raman spectroscopy. Especially focusing on the possibilities for device miniaturization. Such device incorporates a Raman spectrometer, a fiber-optical probe, and a computing device (microcontroller, smartphone, etc.) which calculates the glucose concentration using specialized algorithms. Simplification of device design, as well as turbidity correction technique and a new proposed method of synchronized detection are described.
Examining the construct and known-group validity of a composite endpoint for The Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimum Data Set (TOPICS-MDS); A large-scale data sharing initiative

Background Preference-weighted multi-faceted endpoints have the potential to facilitate comparative effectiveness research that incorporates patient preferences. The Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey—Composite endpoint (TOPICS-CEP) is potentially a valuable outcome measure for evaluating interventions in geriatric care as it combines multiple outcomes relevant to older persons in a single metric. The objective of this study was to validate TOPICS-CEP across different study settings (general population, primary care and hospital). Methods Data were extracted from TOPICS Minimum Dataset (MDS), a pooled public-access national database with information on older persons throughout the Netherlands. Data of 17,603 older persons were used. Meta-correlations were performed between TOPICS-CEP indexed scores, EuroQol5-D utility scores and Cantril’s ladder life satisfaction scores. Mixed linear regression analyses were performed to compare TOPICS-CEP indexed scores between known groups, e.g. persons with versus without depression. Results In the complete sample and when stratified by study setting TOPICS-CEP and Cantril’s ladder were moderately correlated, whereas TOPICS-CEP and EQ-5D were highly correlated. Higher mean TOPICS-CEP scores were found in persons who were: married, lived independently and had an education at university level. Moreover, higher mean TOPICS-CEP scores were found in persons without dementia, depression, and dizziness with falls, respectively. Similar results were found when stratified by subgroup. Conclusion This study supports that TOPICS-CEP is a robust measure which can potentially be used in broad settings to identify the effect of intervention or of prevention in elderly care.
Abnormal glucose tolerance in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to analyse the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and to assess the ability of screening tests to predict these abnormalities within this population. METHODS A total of 102 PCOS patients were evaluated. All patients underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) with blood samples taken at 0, 1 and 2 h. The 2-h plasma glucose level was used to categorize subjects as having IGT or NIDDM. RESULTS The prevalence of IGT was 20.5% and that of NIDDM was 1.9%. There was no significant relationship between BMI and 2-h plasma glucose levels. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for glucose to insulin ratio (G:I), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were 0.702, 0.734 and 0.733 respectively. ROC analysis suggested a threshold value of 10.7 in G:I ratio (73.9% sensitivity and 59.5% specificity), a value of 2.14 in HOMA (73.9% sensitivity and 73.4% specificity) and a value of 0.34 in QUICKI (73.9% sensitivity and 73.4% specificity) for the prediction of abnormal glucose tolerance (IGT and NIDDM). CONCLUSIONS Chinese women with PCOS are at increased risk of IGT and NIDDM. Even though G:I, HOMA and QUICKI are easier than OGTT, they could not replace the role of 2-h post-challenge plasma glucose level in the screening of IGT and NIDDM in PCOS women.
High prevalence of species D human adenoviruses in fecal specimens from Urban Kenyan children with diarrhea

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of clinical syndromes and are classified in seven species, A–G, comprising 52 serotypes. HAdV‐A31, ‐F40, and ‐F41 have been associated with diarrhea in infants and young children. In developing countries gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and, in comparison to rotaviruses, there are no data on the HAdVs associated with diarrhea in pediatric patients in Kenya. This study investigates the prevalence and genotypes of HAdVs in 278 stool specimens (211 diarrheal; 67 non‐diarrheal) from children ≤14 years of age in urban and rural areas in Kenya. Stool specimens were screened for HAdVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction and the HAdVs genotyped by sequence analysis of a conserved hexon gene fragment. HAdVs were detected in 104/278 (37.4%) of the stool specimens: 35/43 (81.4%) of diarrheal and 10/61 (16.4%) of non‐diarrheal stool specimens from children in an urban hospice; 25/94 (26.6%) of diarrheal specimens from urban children and 34/80 (42.5%) of diarrheal specimens from children in a rural area. Species D HAdVs were identified as the most prevalent HAdV species in diarrheal stool specimens from urban children comprising 18/37 (48.6%) of the strains identified. In contrast HAdV species F predominated in pediatric diarrheal specimens from the rural area, being identified in 7/16 (43.8%) of the characterized strains. This study provides valuable new data on the prevalence and distribution of HAdV genotypes in diarrheal stool specimens in Kenya and Africa, and highlights the necessity for further investigations. J. Med. Virol. 82:77–84, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PERCUTANEOUS FIXATION OF FRACTURES OF FOREARM BONES IN CHILDREN

Accept Date 2019-04-14 ABSTRACT Background: Forearm fractures are the most common fractures in children, representing 40 to 50 percent of all childhood fractures. The aim of this work is to evaluate the results of percutaneous intramedullary fixation of fractures of forearm bones in children. The aim of this work is to evaluate the results of percutaneous intramedullary fixation of fractures of forearm bones in children. Methods: Between February 2017 and February 2018, 12 patients who are younger than the age of closure of epiphysis exhibited to Zagazig General Hospital suffering from displaced fractures of shaft of both bones of the forearm, all patients were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous intramedullary fixation by K-wires with a period of (6 12) month with mean 6.6 moths follow up. Results: At the end of follow up, the operations were succeeding in all cases. According to Price et al criteria, 8 patients (66.7%) were classified as excellent results, 4 patients (33.3%) were classified as good results and no patients were classified as fair or poor results. No complication detected after the end of follow up period. Conclusions: Closed reduction percutaneous intramedullary fixation of pediatric displaced diaphyseal forearm fractures by K-wires is a safe, reliable, minimally invasive procedure and effective method of treatment. Based upon this study, it is concluded that displaced fractures of both forearm bones in children are preferred to be intramedullary fixed with K-wires when surgery is indicated with excellent and good results. Keyword: Forearm fractures, Intramedullary fixed with K-wires
Mismatch between lactate and the apparent diffusion coefficient of water in progressive focal ischemia

In this study, we examined mismatch in the area indicated by the normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water and increased lactate in the early stage of focal cerebral ischemia. Five rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging (DWEPI) and proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) were performed from 20 to 170 min after MCA occlusion, and lactate and N‐acetyl asparate images were obtained by EPSI. Postmortem histological analysis was also performed. The areas of increased lactate and normal ADC were observed in the surrounding border zone of ischemia at approximately 20 min after MCA occlusion. This initial lactate in the border zone was significantly higher than that in the normal area, but lower than that in the ischemic core, which showed a reduction of ADC. However, this area was progressively involved in the ischemic core at 170 min without any treatment. The lactate–ADC mismatch in the initial period of ischemia may offer unique diagnostic information for ischemic tissue at high risk, followed by progressive involvement in the ischemic core without treatment. Considering that the accumulation of initial lactate in this area was not excessive, our findings may suggest that the lactate–ADC mismatch in the early period of ischemia indicates potentially salvageable tissue at high risk, requiring aggressive treatment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,Ltd. Abbreviations used: ADC apparent diffusion coefficient DWEPI diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging EPSI echo planar spectroscopic imaging MCA middle cerebral artery NAA N‐acetyl aspartate PWI perfusion‐weighted image.
The effects of reputational and social knowledge on cooperation

Significance Cooperation is essential for societies to prosper. Recent experiments show that cooperation emerges in dynamic networks in which subjects can select their connections. However, these studies fixed the amount of reputation information available and did not display the network to subjects. Here, we systematically vary the knowledge available to subjects about reputation and the network to investigate experimentally their roles in determining cooperation in dynamic networks. Common knowledge about everyone’s reputation is the main driver of cooperation leading to dense and clustered networks. The addition of common knowledge about the network affects the distribution of cooperative activity: cooperators form a separate community and achieve a higher payoff from within-community interactions than members of the less cooperative community. The emergence and sustenance of cooperative behavior is fundamental for a society to thrive. Recent experimental studies have shown that cooperation increases in dynamic networks in which subjects can choose their partners. However, these studies did not vary reputational knowledge, or what subjects know about other’s past actions, which has long been recognized as an important factor in supporting cooperation. They also did not give subjects access to global social knowledge, or information on who is connected to whom in the group. As a result, it remained unknown how reputational and social knowledge foster cooperative behavior in dynamic networks both independently and by complementing each other. In an experimental setting, we show that global reputational knowledge is crucial to sustaining a high level of cooperation and welfare. Cooperation is associated with the emergence of dense and clustered networks with highly cooperative hubs. Global social knowledge has no effect on the aggregate level of cooperation. A community analysis shows that the addition of global social knowledge to global reputational knowledge affects the distribution of cooperative activity: cooperators form a separate community that achieves a higher cooperation level than the community of defectors. Members of the community of cooperators achieve a higher payoff from interactions within the community than members of the less cooperative community.
Towards a unified account of supervised and unsupervised category learning

(Supervised and Unsupervised STratified Adaptive IncrementalNetwork) is a network model of human category learning. SUSTAIN initially assumes a simple category structure. If simple solutions prove inadequate and SUSTAIN is confronted with a surprising event (e.g. it is told that a bat is a mammal instead of a bird), SUSTAIN recruits an additional cluster to represent the surprising event. Newly recruited clusters are available to explain future events and can themselves evolve into prototypes/attractors/rules. SUSTAIN has expanded the scope of findings that models of human category learning can address. This paper extends SUSTAIN so that it can be used to account for both supervised and unsupervised learning data through a common mechanism. A modified recruitment rule is introduced that creates new conceptual clusters in response to surprising events during learning. The new formulation of the model is called uSUSTAIN for ‘unified SUSTAIN. ’ The implications of using a unified recruitment method for both supervised and unsupervised learning are discussed.
Regulation of glutamate receptor subunit availability by microRNAs

The efficacy of synaptic transmission depends, to a large extent, on postsynaptic receptor abundance. The molecular mechanisms controlling receptor abundance are poorly understood. We tested whether abundance of postsynaptic glutamate receptors (GluRs) in Drosophila neuromuscular junctions is controlled by microRNAs, and provide evidence that it is. We show here that postsynaptic knockdown of dicer-1, the endoribonuclease necessary for microRNA synthesis, leads to large increases in postsynaptic GluR subunit messenger RNA and protein. Specifically, we measured increases in GluRIIA and GluRIIB but not GluRIIC. Further, knockout of MiR-284, a microRNA predicted to bind to GluRIIA and GluRIIB but not GluRIIC, increases expression of GluRIIA and GluRIIB but not GluRIIC proportional to the number of predicted binding sites in each transcript. Most of the de-repressed GluR protein, however, does not appear to be incorporated into functional receptors, and only minor changes in synaptic strength are observed, which suggests that microRNAs primarily regulate Drosophila receptor subunit composition rather than overall receptor abundance or synaptic strength.
Enacting language games: the development of a sense of ‘we‐ness’ in online forums

A sense of ‘we‐ness’– enacted through collective identity and culture – is both crucial in online, remote contexts, and particularly difficult to develop in such settings. Using Wittgenstein's concept of language games, we examine how participants of two online forums construct collective identity and culture through their discursive practices. We suggest a strong performative interpretation of the notion of language games, i.e. members of a community produce a sense of we‐ness through their participation in the language game while also defining their expected behaviours and actions. We illustrate how the notion of language games offers an approach for researching and analysing the emergence of collective identity and culture in online forums.
Major mergers are not significant drivers of star formation or morphological transformation around the epoch of peak cosmic star formation

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced pdf of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record, E. K. Lofthouse; S. Kaviraj; C. J. Conselice; A. Mortlock; and W. Hartley, ‘Major mergers are not significant drivers of star formation or morphological transformation around the epoch of peak cosmic star formation’, MNRAS, (2016) 465(3): 2895-2900, first published online 10 November 2016, is available at doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2895 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Impact of adding E-learning to the conventional pathology practical teaching

Introduction: WhatsApp is a popular standard smart-phone application being used by all students routinely. It could be used as an easy way of introducing E-learning in medical education. Objective To study the impact of E-learning by WhatsApp in Pathology practical teaching. To analyze the students’ perception and satisfaction for E-learning Materials and Methods: This interventional study included 100 second-year MBBS students, divided into two groups (50-each)- ‘Study Group’ and ‘Control Group’. The “control group’ underwent conventional microscopic teaching during the Pathology practical sessions. The ‘study group’ in addition to the conventional teaching had E-learning through WhatsApp. Microscopic images of the slides were sent to ‘study group’ a day prior to the practical session and discussion/interaction was encouraged. After 12 practical sessions, assessment was done by post session test (Quantitative assessment). The ‘Study Group’ was asked to answer the feedback Questionnaire (Qualitative assessment) related to their perception for the use of WhatsApp methodology of teaching. Results: The mean test score (Quantitative assessment) of the students in the ‘study group’ was 18.6/20 (93%) whereas the score in the ‘control group’ was 13.5/20 (67.5%). The difference in the scores of the two groups was statistically significant (p-value=0.0194). Feedback questionnaire revealed 100% satisfaction among the students and all recommended WhatsApp as an additional method of E-learning. There were no students in the ‘disagree’ and the ‘strongly disagree’ categories. 94% of the students felt that adding WhatsApp teaching motivated them for further reading. Conclusion: E-learning by WhatsApp was found to have high student satisfaction and it improved their performance in objective assessment in this study. It could be easily incorporated in the current teaching curriculum on a wider scale. Keywords: Patholog