Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Transplanting

This paper focuses on a new task, i.e., transplanting a category-and-task-specific neural network to a generic, modular network without strong supervision. We design an functionally interpretable structure for the generic network. Like building LEGO blocks, we teach the generic network a new category by directly transplanting the module corresponding to the category from a pre-trained network with a few or even without sample annotations. Our method incrementally adds new categories to the generic network but does not affect representations of existing categories. In this way, our method breaks the typical bottleneck of learning a net for massive tasks and categories, i.e. the requirement of collecting samples for all tasks and categories at the same time before the learning begins. Thus, we use a new distillation algorithm, namely back-distillation, to overcome specific challenges of network transplanting. Our method without training samples even outperformed the baseline with 100 training samples.
Children’s understanding of depreciation in scenarios of envy and modesty

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore children’s understanding of depreciation when being presented with scenarios of envious or modest behavior. 123 Spanish children, six to eight years of age, decided how a character should respond when faced with a situation of envy or modesty. These situations were described in vignettes. The children chose between a response of either depreciation or admiration in the case of envy and between a response of either modesty or immodesty when faced with modest behavior. They were then asked to explain the reasons for their choices. Generally speaking, the results indicated that children rated self-depreciation in scenarios of modesty more highly than they did depreciation of another in situations of envy. An interaction effect showed that eight-year-old chose modest responses more than immodest ones, in contrast to the six-year-old. Conversely, age differences were not observed for the scenarios of envy. We discuss these results in light of the children’s explanations. Furthermore, the acquisition of emotional display rules is discussed, as well as the ability to manage emotions. Also, we discuss the truths and falsehoods of expression within the framework of social pragmatism in the selection of responses in both scenarios.
Three Papers on Work-Life Supports and Gender Diversity in the Federal Government

It is often argued that work-life programs are important for promoting gender equality in the federal government, but whether and how these programs benefit women is the source of debate. According to the theory of representative bureaucracy, gender diversity is especially important in the civil service. Yet the argument that work-life programs benefit women’s bureaucratic representation is frequently assumed and rarely tested. This dissertation addresses the question of whether work-life supports promote gender diversity in federal employment, using survey data on federal employees and agency data from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management to analyze different dimensions of this question in three papers. The first paper asks whether work-life supports, including program satisfaction, supervisor support, and senior leadership support, are gendered predictors of job satisfaction among federal employees. The second paper explores whether agencies with higher aggregate levels of work-life program satisfaction and managerial support for work-life see gains in gender diversity over time, utilizing multiple conceptually distinct measures of diversity to do so. The third paper examines gender differences in the effects of using work-life strategies for federal career advancement. The results demonstrate that worklife is not a “women’s issue,” but it is gendered and offers opportunities for promoting a more diverse and inclusive federal workforce.
Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks with Binary Neurons for Polyphonic Music Generation

It has been shown recently that deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (GANs) can learn to generate music in the form of piano-rolls, which represent music by binary-valued time-pitch matrices. However, existing models can only generate real-valued piano-rolls and require further post-processing, such as hard thresholding (HT) or Bernoulli sampling (BS), to obtain the final binary-valued results. In this paper, we study whether we can have a convolutional GAN model that directly creates binary-valued piano-rolls by using binary neurons. Specifically, we propose to append to the generator an additional refiner network, which uses binary neurons at the output layer. The whole network is trained in two stages. Firstly, the generator and the discriminator are pretrained. Then, the refiner network is trained along with the discriminator to learn to binarize the real-valued piano-rolls the pretrained generator creates. Experimental results show that using binary neurons instead of HT or BS indeed leads to better results in a number of objective measures. Moreover, deterministic binary neurons perform better than stochastic ones in both objective measures and a subjective test. The source code, training data and audio examples of the generated results can be found at this https URL .
A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU Scores

The field of machine translation faces an under-recognized problem because of inconsistency in the reporting of scores from its dominant metric. Although people refer to “the” BLEU score, BLEU is in fact a parameterized metric whose values can vary wildly with changes to these parameters. These parameters are often not reported or are hard to find, and consequently, BLEU scores between papers cannot be directly compared. I quantify this variation, finding differences as high as 1.8 between commonly used configurations. The main culprit is different tokenization and normalization schemes applied to the reference. Pointing to the success of the parsing community, I suggest machine translation researchers settle upon the BLEU scheme used by the annual Conference on Machine Translation (WMT), which does not allow for user-supplied reference processing, and provide a new tool, SACREBLEU, to facilitate this.
Status threat, not economic hardship, explains the 2016 presidential vote

Significance Support for Donald J. Trump in the 2016 election was widely attributed to citizens who were “left behind” economically. These claims were based on the strong cross-sectional relationship between Trump support and lacking a college education. Using a representative panel from 2012 to 2016, I find that change in financial wellbeing had little impact on candidate preference. Instead, changing preferences were related to changes in the party’s positions on issues related to American global dominance and the rise of a majority–minority America: issues that threaten white Americans’ sense of dominant group status. Results highlight the importance of looking beyond theories emphasizing changes in issue salience to better understand the meaning of election outcomes when public preferences and candidates’ positions are changing. This study evaluates evidence pertaining to popular narratives explaining the American public’s support for Donald J. Trump in the 2016 presidential election. First, using unique representative probability samples of the American public, tracking the same individuals from 2012 to 2016, I examine the “left behind” thesis (that is, the theory that those who lost jobs or experienced stagnant wages due to the loss of manufacturing jobs punished the incumbent party for their economic misfortunes). Second, I consider the possibility that status threat felt by the dwindling proportion of traditionally high-status Americans (i.e., whites, Christians, and men) as well as by those who perceive America’s global dominance as threatened combined to increase support for the candidate who emphasized reestablishing status hierarchies of the past. Results do not support an interpretation of the election based on pocketbook economic concerns. Instead, the shorter relative distance of people’s own views from the Republican candidate on trade and China corresponded to greater mass support for Trump in 2016 relative to Mitt Romney in 2012. Candidate preferences in 2016 reflected increasing anxiety among high-status groups rather than complaints about past treatment among low-status groups. Both growing domestic racial diversity and globalization contributed to a sense that white Americans are under siege by these engines of change.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey on Civil Applications and Key Research Challenges

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is growing rapidly across many civil application domains, including real-time monitoring, providing wireless coverage, remote sensing, search and rescue, delivery of goods, security and surveillance, precision agriculture, and civil infrastructure inspection. Smart UAVs are the next big revolution in the UAV technology promising to provide new opportunities in different applications, especially in civil infrastructure in terms of reduced risks and lower cost. Civil infrastructure is expected to dominate more than $45 Billion market value of UAV usage. In this paper, we present UAV civil applications and their challenges. We also discuss the current research trends and provide future insights for potential UAV uses. Furthermore, we present the key challenges for UAV civil applications, including charging challenges, collision avoidance and swarming challenges, and networking and security-related challenges. Based on our review of the recent literature, we discuss open research challenges and draw high-level insights on how these challenges might be approached.
Epstein's TARGET Framework and Motivational Climate in Sport: Effects of a Field-Based, Long-Term Intervention Program

The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects that the manipulation of the motivational climate can produce on social factors, psychological mediators, motivation and behavioural consequences. 283 student-athletes with ages ranging from 14 to 18 years (M = 13,54 ± 1,31) completed a questionnaire that included the BPNES, the PLOC, the subscales cooperative learning and improvement of the PMCSQ-2, as well as persistence, effort and boredom subscales. Epstein's TARGET strategies were applied to the experimental group during 12 weeks by specially trained coaches. The repeated measures MANOVA showed significant changes in all variables in the experimental group in post-test 1. Furthermore, these changes were maintained in most variables six months after the intervention (post-test 2). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Finally, the results are discussed and future lines of intervention are proposed.
Improved Local Search Based Approximation Algorithm for Hard Uniform Capacitated k-Median Problem

In this paper, we study the hard uniform capacitated $k$- median problem using local search heuristic. Obtaining a constant factor approximation for the \ckm problem is open. All the existing solutions giving constant-factor approximation, violate at least one of the cardinality and the capacity constraints. All except Koruplou et al are based on LP-relaxation. We give $(3+\epsilon)$ factor approximation algorithm for the problem violating the cardinality by a factor of $8/3 \approx 2.67$. There is a trade-off between the approximation factor and the cardinality violation between our work and the existing work. Koruplou et al gave $(1 + \alpha)$ approximation factor with $(5 + 5/\alpha)$ factor loss in cardinality using local search paradigm. Though the approximation factor can be made arbitrarily small, cardinality loss is at least $5$. On the other hand, we improve upon the results in [capkmGijswijtL2013],[capkmshili2014], [Lisoda2016] in terms of factor-loss though the cardinality loss is more in our case. Also, these results are obtained using LP-rounding, some of them being strengthened, whereas local search techniques are simple to apply and have been shown to perform well in practice via empirical studies. We extend the result to hard uniform capacitated $k$-median with penalties. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first result for the problem.
DTR-GAN: dilated temporal relational adversarial network for video summarization

Video summarization targets the challenge of finding the smallest subset of frames, while still conveying the whole story of a given video. Thus it is of great significance for large-scale video understanding, allowing efficient processing of the large amount of videos that are uploaded every day. In this paper, we introduce a Dilated Temporal Relational Adversarial Network (DTR-GAN) to achieve frame-level video summarization. The dilated temporal relational units in the generator aim to exploit multi-scale temporal context in order to select key frames. To ensure that the model predicts high quality summaries, we present a discriminator that learns to enhance both the information completeness and compactness via a three-player loss. Experiments on the public TVSum dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Combined Angiogenic and Osteogenic Factor Delivery Enhances Bone Marrow Stromal Cell‐Driven Bone Regeneration

Bone formation is a coordinated process involving various biological factors. We have developed a scaffold system capable of sustained and localized presentation of osteogenic (BMP‐4) and angiogenic (VEGF) growth factors and human bone marrow stromal cells to promote bone formation at an ectopic site. Combined delivery of these factors significantly enhanced bone formation compared with other conditions.
D3NER: biomedical named entity recognition using CRF‐biLSTM improved with fine‐tuned embeddings of various linguistic information

Motivation: Recognition of biomedical named entities in the textual literature is a highly challenging research topic with great interest, playing as the prerequisite for extracting huge amount of high‐valued biomedical knowledge deposited in unstructured text and transforming them into well‐structured formats. Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) networks have recently been employed in various biomedical named entity recognition (NER) models with great success. They, however, often did not take advantages of all useful linguistic information and still have many aspects to be further improved for better performance. Results: We propose D3NER, a novel biomedical named entity recognition (NER) model using conditional random fields and bidirectional long short‐term memory improved with fine‐tuned embeddings of various linguistic information. D3NER is thoroughly compared with seven very recent state‐of‐the‐art NER models, of which two are even joint models with named entity normalization (NEN), which was proven to bring performance improvements to NER. Experimental results on benchmark datasets, i.e. the BioCreative V Chemical Disease Relation (BC5 CDR), the NCBI Disease and the FSU‐PRGE gene/protein corpus, demonstrate the out‐performance and stability of D3NER over all compared models for chemical, gene/protein NER and over all models (without NEN jointed, as D3NER) for disease NER, in almost all cases. On the BC5 CDR corpus, D3NER achieves Symbol for the chemical and disease NER, respectively; while on the NCBI Disease corpus, its F1 for the disease NER is 84.41%. Its F1 for the gene/protein NER on FSU‐PRGE is 87.62%. Symbol. No caption available. Availability and implementation: Data and source code are available at: https://github.com/aidantee/D3NER. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Are Mechanisms Through Which Media Violence Affects Aggression Culturally Specific or General ?

Cultural generality versus specificity of media violence effects on aggression was examined in seven countries (Australia, China, Croatia, Germany, Japan, Romania, the United States). Participants reported aggressive behaviors, media use habits, and several other known risk and protective factors for aggression. Across nations, exposure to violent screen media was positively associated with aggression. This effect was partially mediated by aggressive cognitions and empathy. The media violence effect on aggression remained significant even after statistically controlling a number of relevant risk and protective factors (e.g., abusive parenting, peer delinquency), and was similar in magnitude to effects of other risk factors. In support of the cumulative risk model, joint effects of different risk factors on aggressive behavior in each culture were larger than effects of any individual risk factor.
Mode and tempo relative contributions to “happy-sad” judgements in equitone melodies

Judgement of emotion conveyed by music is determined notably by mode (major-minor) and tempo (fast-slow). This suggestion was examined using the same set of equitone melodies, in two experiments. Melodies were presented to nonmusicians who were required to judge whether the melodies sounded “happy” or “sad” on a 10-point scale. In order to assess the specific and relative contributions of mode and tempo to these emotional judgements, the melodies were manipulated so that the only verying characteristic was either the mode or the tempo in two “isolated” conditions. In two further conditions, mode and tempo manipulations were combined so that mode and tempo either converged towards the same emotion (Convergent condition) or suggested opposite emotions (Divergent condition). The results confirm that both mode and tempo determine the “happy-sad” judgements in isolation, with the tempo being more salient, even when tempo salience was adjusted. The findings further support the view that, in music, structural features that are emotionally meaningful are easy to isolate, and that music is an effective and reliable medium to study emotions.
The anticholinergic risk scale and anticholinergic adverse effects in older persons.

BACKGROUND Adverse effects of anticholinergic medications may contribute to events such as falls, delirium, and cognitive impairment in older patients. To further assess this risk, we developed the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), a ranked categorical list of commonly prescribed medications with anticholinergic potential. The objective of this study was to determine if the ARS score could be used to predict the risk of anticholinergic adverse effects in a geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) cohort and in a primary care cohort. METHODS Medical records of 132 GEM patients were reviewed retrospectively for medications included on the ARS and their resultant possible anticholinergic adverse effects. Prospectively, we enrolled 117 patients, 65 years or older, in primary care clinics; performed medication reconciliation; and asked about anticholinergic adverse effects. The relationship between the ARS score and the risk of anticholinergic adverse effects was assessed using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS Higher ARS scores were associated with increased risk of anticholinergic adverse effects in the GEM cohort (crude relative risk [RR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-1.8) and in the primary care cohort (crude RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5-2.4). After adjustment for age and the number of medications, higher ARS scores increased the risk of anticholinergic adverse effects in the GEM cohort (adjusted RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6; c statistic, 0.74) and in the primary care cohort (adjusted RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5-2.5; c statistic, 0.77). CONCLUSION Higher ARS scores are associated with statistically significantly increased risk of anticholinergic adverse effects in older patients.
Environmental attitudes and actual behavior of bulgarian citizens

In recent years, environmental issues are becoming a serious concern for citizens. Data from Eurobarometer surveys show that the vast majority of Europeans are aware of the environmental issues and realize their importance for the quality of life and socio-economic system as a whole. At the same time individual environmentally friendly behaviour is not widespread. This study investigates Bulgarian citizens' opinions on whether environmental protection is a personal responsibility of each individual or a political task, thus highlighting discrepancies between what individuals say and what they really do. The survey was conducted during the months of April-May 2013 and it involved 1011 adults, citizens of the Republic of Bulgaria. The study shows a high level of support from respondents for measures and actions aimed at environmental protection in Bulgaria. Despite a high degree of environmental consciousness, behaviour seems to follow the traditional line of action, and everyday experience points to obvious inconsistencies between verbal claim and actual behaviour. It was established that highly approved environmental models of individual behaviour rarely motivate and direct the daily activities of Bulgarian consumers.
Botulinum toxin; indications, success rates and complications in themanagement of horizontal strabismus in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the indications, effectiveness and side effects of Botulinum toxin in the management of different horizontal strabismus entities. Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases underwent botulinum toxin injection for strabismus in Dhahran Eye Hospital from November 2013 till September 2016 where no previous surgery or intervention have been performed or a previous facial or ocular trauma. Main success indicator was a remaining angle of less than 10 prism diopter. Results: A total of 74 cases were included. 52.7% males and 47.3% females. Age ranged from two months to forty-five years. The most prevalent diagnosis was partially accommodative esotropia (PAET). The mean angle of deviation was 37.3 prism diopters (PD) with a range of 10 to 90 PD. Overall success rate was 54% with PAET scoring the highest (70.6%). No clinical significance was found regarding age, angle of deviation or the presence of amblyopia. However, the absence of inferior oblique overaction was statistically significant on the success rate of infantile esotropia. No serious peri-operative complications were documented. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin represents a cost effective, safe, repeatable alternative to surgery in the management of different entities of horizontal strabismus. Success rate differs in different diagnoses with PAET scoring the highest. Presence of inferior oblique overaction leads to a significant lower rate of success.