Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Support Needs of Family Caregivers of People who Experience Mental Illness and the Role of Mental Health Services

Family caregivers are an irreplaceable resource for the mental health services system and the pillars on which the system currently rests. Addressing the needs of these caregivers is therefore crucial for the survival of the system. This paper will present findings from a qualitative study that aimed to explore the experiences and needs of family caregivers whose relatives were at various stages of recovery from mental illness. Participants for the study were members of carer support groups as well as non-member caregivers from various regions of Sydney, Australia. The findings highlight the heterogeneity among caregivers, the diversity in their needs, and the difficulties they experience in accessing support from public mental health services.
Weight Gain in First-Episode Psychosis

Objective: To examine the extent of weight gain in the first year of treatment in an early psychosis program. Method: Subjects were 114 individuals who had experienced a first episode of psychosis and had completed 1 year in a comprehensive first-episode program. Weight and body mass index were calculated on entry to the program and at 6 and 12 months. Most of the subjects were all being prescribed second-generation antipsychotics. Results: Significant increases in mean weight were observed in these young individuals over the course of the first year of treatment. Conclusions: If we are to work toward optimum treatment for first-episode subjects then potential weight gain needs to be addressed at the beginning of treatment and monitored during treatment.
Perceptual Learning, Long-Range Horizontal Connections And Top-Down Influences In Primary Visual Cortex

ion of the membrane potential, describes the activity of the excitatory node, and fx(x) is the response function, i.e. the transformation of the activity x to its response rate. This function can be seen as an abstraction of the membrane voltage to firing transformation that is often characterized with the current-firing relationship of a neuron. The time constant x is the cell time constant, Jxx the connection strength of the excitatory network node onto itself and Jyx the connection strength of the divisive-inhibitory node onto the excitatory network node (the first index denotes the network node the connection is targeting, and the second one from where it is originating), and e is the external excitatory input to the excitatory network node. Similarly, y denotes the activity of the divisive-inhibitory node, fy(y) its response rate, y the cell time constant, i the external excitatory input to the divisive-inhibitory node, and Jyx the connection strength of the excitatory network node to the divisive-inhibitory one.
Doing Gender: Feminism, Feminists and Research Methods in Human Geography

Recently, there has been a marked growth of interest in research methods in geography. Stimulated in part by the epistemological questions raised by feminist and post-modem critiques of 'scientific' method, this interest took a severely practical turn when the Economic and Social Research Council required a taught component, including methods, to be part of all postgraduate training. This led to the development of courses on alternative methodological strategies in geography and, especially for human geographers, an interest in developing teaching about feminist methods. In this paper, I discuss some of the issues that may arise from the adoption of explicitly feminist approaches to geographical research. Recognition of the positionality of the researcher and her/his subjects and the relations of power between them, as Pile argued in a different context in his recent paper in this journal, raises important questions for geographers that we are just beginning to address.
Efficacy and Acceptance in E-File Adoption

Electronic tax filing is an emerging area of e-government. This research proposes a model of e-filing adoption that identifies adoption factors and personal factors that impact citizen acceptance of electronic filing systems. A survey administered to 260 participants assesses their perceptions of adoption factors, trust and self-efficacy as they relate to e-file utilization. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to evaluate the relationships between adoption concepts and intention to use efiling systems. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Capacity Scaling in Ad Hoc Networks With Heterogeneous Mobile Nodes: The Subcritical Regime

In this paper, we provide the scaling laws for the transport capacity of a wide class of mobile wireless ad hoc networks. Our analysis generalizes previous results obtained under restrictive assumptions on the node mobility process and overall node density over the network area. The broader family of mobile networks that we consider is able to account for many important characteristics usually recognized in real traces of both human and vehicular mobility. In particular, we consider clustered networks of heterogeneous nodes, in which the shape of the spatial distribution of each node around one or more home-points plays a fundamental role in determining the overall transport capacity. We identify different operational regimes that arise within our general class of mobile networks, and for each regime we characterize the asymptotic network capacity.
Ontological Reasoning with F-logic Lite and its Extensions

Answering queries posed over knowledge bases is a central problem in knowledge representation and database theory. In the database area, checking query containment is an important query optimization and schema integration technique. In knowledge representation it has been used for object classification, schema integration, service discovery, and more. In the presence of a knowledge base, the problem of query containment is strictly related to that of query answering; indeed, the two are reducible to each other; we focus on the latter, and our results immediately extend to the former.
Would Screening for Lung Cancer Benefit 75- to 84-Year-Old Residents of the United States?

Background: The National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated that screening for lung cancer improved overall survival (OS) and reduced lung cancer mortality in the 55- to 74-year-old age group by increasing the proportion of cancers detected at an early stage. Because of the increasing life expectancy of the American population, we investigated whether screening for lung cancer might benefit men and women aged 75–84 years. Materials/Methods: Rates of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2000 to 2009 were calculated in both younger and older age groups using the surveillance epidemiology and end reporting database. OS and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) in patients with Stage I NSCLC diagnosed from 2004 to 2009 were analyzed to determine the effects of age and treatment. Results: The per capita incidence of NSCLC decreased in the 55–74 cohort, but increased in the 75–84 cohort over the study period. Crude lung cancer death rates in the two age groups who had no specific treatment were 39.5 and 44.9%, respectively. These rates fell in both age groups when increasingly aggressive treatment was used. Rates of OS and LCSS improved significantly with increasingly aggressive treatment in the 75–84 age group. The survival benefits of increasingly aggressive treatment in 75- to 84-year-old females did not differ from their counterparts in the younger cohort. Conclusion: Screening for lung cancer might be of benefit to individuals at increased risk of lung cancer in the 75–84 age group. The survival benefits of aggressive therapy are similar in females between 55–74 and 75–84 years old.
Distinct and overlapping fMRI activation networks for processing of novel identities and locations of objects

The ventral visual stream processes information about the identity of objects (‘what’), whereas the dorsal stream processes the spatial locations of objects (‘where’). There is a corresponding, although disputed, distinction for the ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal areas. Furthermore, there seems to be a distinction between the anterior and posterior medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures in the processing of novel items and new spatial arrangements, respectively. Functional differentiation of the intermediary mid‐line cortical and temporal neocortical structures that communicate with the occipitotemporal, occipitoparietal, prefrontal, and MTL structures, however, is unclear. Therefore, in the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined whether the distinction among the MTL structures extends to these closely connected cortical areas. The most striking difference in the fMRI responses during visual presentation of changes in either items or their locations was the bilateral activation of the temporal lobe and ventrolateral prefrontal cortical areas for novel object identification in contrast to wide parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal activation for the novel locations of objects. An anterior‐posterior distinction of fMRI responses similar to the MTL was observed in the cingulate/retrosplenial, and superior and middle temporal cortices. In addition to the distinct areas of activation, certain frontal, parietal, and temporo‐occipital areas responded to both object and spatial novelty, suggesting a common attentional network for both types of changes in the visual environment. These findings offer new insights to the functional roles and intrinsic specialization of the cingulate/retrosplenial, and lateral temporal cortical areas in visuospatial cognition.
FLT3 mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

FMS‐like tyrosine kinase III (FLT3) mutations occur in one‐third of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and predict poor outcome. The incidence and impact of FLT3 in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is unknown. We conducted a retrospective review to identify WHO MDS and CMML patients with FLT3 mutations at diagnosis. A total of 2,119 patients with MDS and 466 patients with CMML were evaluated at MD Anderson between 1997 and 2010. Of these, FLT3 mutation analysis was performed on 1,232 (58%) MDS and 302 (65%) CMML patients. FLT3 mutations were identified in 12 (0.95%) MDS patients: 9 (75%) had FLT3‐ITD mutation and 3 had FLT3‐tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutation. MDS patients with FLT3 mutations were younger (P = 0.02) and presented as RAEB (P = 0.03) more frequently. Median overall survival (OS) for FLT3‐mutated MDS patients was 19.0 months versus 16.4 months for FLT3‐nonmutated MDS patients (P = 0.08). FLT3 mutations were identified in 13 (4.3%) CMML patients: 8 had FLT3‐ITD mutation and 5 had FLT3‐TKD mutation. There were no significant differences in demographic and disease characteristics among CMML patients with and without FLT3 mutations. Median OS for FLT3‐mutated CMML patients was 10.8 months versus 21.3 months for FLT3‐nonmutated CMML patients (P = 0.12). FLT3 occurs in MDS and CMML at a lower frequency than AML and does not predict poor outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On partitioning interval graphs into proper interval subgraphs and related problems

In this paper, we establish that any interval graph (resp. circular‐arc graph) with n vertices admits a partition into at most ⌈log3n⌉ (resp. ⌈log3n⌉ + 1) proper interval subgraphs, for n>1. The proof is constructive and provides an efficient algorithm to compute such a partition. On the other hand, this bound is shown to be asymptotically sharp for an infinite family of interval graphs. In addition, some results are derived for related problems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 68:38‐54, 2011
Factors influencing constipation in advanced cancer patients: a prospective study of opioid dose, dantron dose and physical functioning

The relationship between opioid dose, dantron dose, bowel function and physical functioning (measured with the modified Barthel Index) was determined in a sample of 50 inpatients with advanced cancer. Data were collected prospectively from chart review and patient interviews one week after admission to allow for protocol-driven management of constipation to be established. Bowel scores were significantly reduced in 35 patients treated with opioids compared with 15 patients not treated with opioids. Within the opioid group, however, there was no relationship between opioid dose, bowel score, dantron dose or Barthel Index. Higher doses of dantron were associated with better physical functioning (but not opioid dose) suggesting that for any given dose of opioid, fitter patients were treated with larger doses of laxatives. Factors other than opioid dose and physical functioning may be more important in contributing to constipation in this group of patients. Less potent opioid drugs, such as codeine, are just as likely to cause constipation as more potent opioids.
Endocytosis-Independent Function of Clathrin Heavy Chain in the Control of Basal NF-κB Activation

Background Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the transcription of genes involved in a variety of biological processes, including innate and adaptive immunity, stress responses and cell proliferation. Constitutive or excessive NF-κB activity has been associated with inflammatory disorders and higher risk of cancer. In contrast to the mechanisms controlling inducible activation, the regulation of basal NF-κB activation is not well understood. Here we test whether clathrin heavy chain (CHC) contributes to the regulation of basal NF-κB activity in epithelial cells. Methodology Using RNA interference to reduce endogenous CHC expression, we found that CHC is required to prevent constitutive activation of NF-κB and gene expression. Immunofluorescence staining showed constitutive nuclear localization of the NF-κB subunit p65 in absence of stimulation after CHC knockdown. Elevated basal p65 nuclear localization is caused by constitutive phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) through an IκB kinase α (IKKα)-dependent mechanism. The role of CHC in NF-κB signaling is functionally relevant as constitutive expression of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), whose expression is regulated by NF-κB, was found after CHC knockdown. Disruption of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by chemical inhibition or depletion of the μ2-subunit of the endocytosis adaptor protein AP-2, and knockdown of clathrin light chain a (CHLa), failed to induce constitutive NF-κB activation and IL-8 expression, showing that CHC acts on NF-κB independently of endocytosis and CLCa. Conclusions We conclude that CHC functions as a built-in molecular brake that ensures a tight control of basal NF-κB activation and gene expression in unstimulated cells. Furthermore, our data suggest a potential link between a defect in CHC expression and chronic inflammation disorder and cancer.
Vacua of IIB ∗

Description of the spectrum of fluctuations around a commutative vacuum solution, as well as around a solution with degenerate commutator in IIB matrix model is given in terms of supersymmetric Yang–Mills (YM) model. We construct explicitly the map from Hermitian matrices to YM fields and study the dependence of the spectrum and respective YM model on the symmetries of the solution. The gauge algebra of the YM model is shown to contain local reparameterisation algebra as well as Virasoro one.
$I_{{c}}$ Response With High Magnetic Field, Low Temperature, and Uniaxial Strain in REBCO Coated Conductor Tapes

The coated conductor (CC) tapes exhibit greater potential in magnet and coil applications with high critical current density, Jc and good mechanical properties along longitudinal direction as compared with the low temperature superconductors (LTSs). Differences in fabrication processes, architecture, and layer materials in REBCO CC tapes produce different mechanical and electromechanical behaviors under magnetic field B, temperature T, and strain ε. For practical applications of HTS CC tapes such as magnets, the understanding of critical current, Ic behavior under B, T, and ε is necessary. In this paper, the Ic (B, T, ε) characteristics of REBCO CC tapes have been evaluated. Using a Katagiri-type tension rig, the strain effect on Ic in CC tapes with varying magnetic field and temperature was determined. In addition, the magnetic field dependence of Ic with temperature have also been measured. CC tapes with artificial pinning centers (APC) showed better electrical performance under magnetic field. Finally, the strain sensitivity and magnetic field dependence of Ic decreased with decreasing temperature from 77 up to 20 K.
PSR: A Lightweight Proactive Source Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Opportunistic data forwarding has drawn much attention in the research community of multihop wireless networking, with most research conducted for stationary wireless networks. One of the reasons why opportunistic data forwarding has not been widely utilized in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the lack of an efficient lightweight proactive routing scheme with strong source routing capability. In this paper, we propose a lightweight proactive source routing (PSR) protocol. PSR can maintain more network topology information than distance vector (DV) routing to facilitate source routing, although it has much smaller overhead than traditional DV-based protocols [e.g., destination-sequenced DV (DSDV)], link state (LS)-based routing [e.g., optimized link state routing (OLSR)], and reactive source routing [e.g., dynamic source routing (DSR)]. Our tests using computer simulation in Network Simulator 2 (ns-2) indicate that the overhead in PSR is only a fraction of the overhead of these baseline protocols, and PSR yields similar or better data transportation performance than these baseline protocols.
A reconceptualization of significance testing

Significance testing has been controversial since Neyman and Pearson published their procedure for testing statistical hypotheses. Fisher, who popularized tests of significance, first noticed the emerging confusion between that procedure and his own, yet he could not stop their hybridization into what is nowadays known as Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST). Here I hypothesize why similar attempts to clarify matters have also failed; namely because both procedures are designed to be confused: their names may not match purpose, both use null hypotheses and levels of significance yet for different goals, and p-values, errors, alternative hypotheses, and significance only apply to one procedure yet are commonly used with both. I also propose a reconceptualization of the procedures to prevent further confusion.
A Function Approximation Method for Model-based High-Dimensional Inverse Reinforcement Learning

This works handles the inverse reinforcement learning problem in high-dimensional state spaces, which relies on an efficient solution of model-based high-dimensional reinforcement learning problems. To solve the computationally expensive reinforcement learning problems, we propose a function approximation method to ensure that the Bellman Optimality Equation always holds, and then estimate a function based on the observed human actions for inverse reinforcement learning problems. The time complexity of the proposed method is linearly proportional to the cardinality of the action set, thus it can handle high-dimensional even continuous state spaces efficiently. We test the proposed method in a simulated environment to show its accuracy, and three clinical tasks to show how it can be used to evaluate a doctor's proficiency.
Safety and efficacy profile of pembrolizumab in solid cancer: pooled reanalysis based on randomized controlled trials

Background The aim of the present review is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab by analyzing survival outcomes and at the same time, to present evidence for future clinical applications of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies by analyzing the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab. Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase was performed for all relevant clinical trials. In this study, adverse events of any grades and grades ≥3 were summarized and calculated for event rates. For controlled trials, odd ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine the role of pembrolizumab in adverse events. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves were extracted for hazard ratio (HR) calculation and survival outcomes were measured by progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 3,953 patients were included in safety analyses. The results indicated that the overall incidence of any treatment emergent adverse events was 74.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.671–0.805). The efficacy analysis involving 915 patients with advanced melanoma suggested that 10 mg/kg of pembrolizumab every 3 weeks could improve patients’ PFS (HR =0.73, 95% CI: 0.64–0.83). Conclusion Pembrolizumab is a promising therapeutic option that could bring better survival outcomes but, at the same time, leads to higher frequency of some adverse events.
Can quantification of faecal occult blood predetermine the need for colonoscopy in patients at risk for non‐syndromic familial colorectal cancer?

Patients at risk for non‐syndromic (Lynch or polyposis) familial colorectal neoplasia undergo colonoscopic surveillance at intervals determined by clinically ascertained protocols. The quantitative immunochemical faecal occult blood test for human haemoglobin is specific and sensitive for significant colorectal neoplasia (cancer or advanced adenomatous polyp).
PATTERN OF ALLOIMMUNE RESPONSE IN SECOND SAME DONOR ALLOGRAFTS AFTER INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE USING CTLA4Ig1

Background. The pattern of allograft acceptance in the presence of costimulatory blockade is manifested by the sequential appearance of Th1 cells, followed by Th2 cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether this phenomenon repeats itself after second same donor allotransplantation, hoping to determine whether acceptance in this setting provokes a predominance of the Th2 response. Methods. Tolerance was achieved by transplantation of CTLA4Ig-transduced ACI liver allografts in Lewis recipients. Recipient long-term survivors received a second transplant, consisting of a cervical heterotopic heart from the same ACI donor strain. Animals were sacrificed at predetermined intervals following the second transplant and the heart and liver were processed for histology and cytokine mRNA expression. Results. Recipients of CTLA4Ig-transduced livers survived indefinitely. Rechallenge with same donor strain second allograft was manifested by an anergic immune response in the second cardiac allograft, and a very mild transient infiltrate within the first accepted liver graft. Cardiac function was maintained with resolution of all infiltrates. The cytokine cascade was activated within the allografts; however, the pattern of acceptance was not associated with predominance of a specific Th subtype. Conclusions. The pattern of acceptance of an allograft following CTLA4Ig-mediated costimulatory blockade is not related to long-term predominance of Th2 cells, a phenomenon that may be unique to the setting of a tolerant liver. It may be likely that the infiltrating lymphocytes that are dominant in the second graft are suppressed by other memory mechanisms.