Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unique and shared techniques in cognitive-behavioural and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: a content analysis of randomised trials on depression

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psychotherapeutic interventions assume that specific techniques are used in treatments, which are responsible for changes in the client's symptoms. This assumption also holds true for meta-analyses, where evidence for specific interventions and techniques is compiled. However, it has also been argued that different treatments share important techniques and that an upcoming consensus about useful treatment strategies is leading to a greater integration of treatments. This makes assumptions about the effectiveness of specific interventions ingredients questionable if the shared (common) techniques are more often used in interventions than are the unique techniques. This study investigated the unique or shared techniques in RCTs of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP). Psychotherapeutic techniques were coded from 42 masked treatment descriptions of RCTs in the field of depression (1979–2010). CBT techniques were often used in studies identified as either CBT or STPP. However, STPP techniques were only used in STPP-identified studies. Empirical clustering of treatment descriptions did not confirm the original distinction of CBT versus STPP, but instead showed substantial heterogeneity within both approaches. Extraction of psychotherapeutic techniques from the treatment descriptions is feasible and could be used as a content-based approach to classify treatments in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Tracking provenance in a virtual data grid

The virtual data model allows data sets to be described prior to, and separately from, their physical materialization. We have implemented this model in a Virtual Data Language (VDL) and associated supporting tools, which provide for both the storage, query, and retrieval of virtual data set descriptions, and the automated, on‐demand materialization of virtual data sets. We use a standardized data provenance challenge exercise to illustrate the powerful queries that can be performed on the data maintained by these tools, which for a single virtual data set can include three elements: the computational procedure(s) that must be executed to materialize the data set, the runtime log(s) produced by the execution of the computation(s), and optional metadata annotation(s) that associate application semantics with data and procedures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User Activity Patterns During Information Search

Personalization of support for information seeking depends crucially on the information retrieval system's knowledge of the task that led the person to engage in information seeking. Users work during information search sessions to satisfy their task goals, and their activity is not random. To what degree are there patterns in the user activity during information search sessions? Do activity patterns reflect the user's situation as the user moves through the search task under the influence of his or her task goal? Do these patterns reflect aspects of different types of information-seeking tasks? Could such activity patterns identify contexts within which information seeking takes place? To investigate these questions, we model sequences of user behaviors in two independent user studies of information search sessions (N = 32 users, 128 sessions, and N = 40 users, 160 sessions). Two representations of user activity patterns are used. One is based on the sequences of page use; the other is based on a cognitive representation of information acquisition derived from eye movement patterns in service of the reading process. One of the user studies considered journalism work tasks; the other concerned background research in genomics using search tasks taken from the TREC Genomics Track. The search tasks differed in basic dimensions of complexity, specificity, and the type of information product (intellectual or factual) needed to achieve the overall task goal. The results show that similar patterns of user activity are observed at both the cognitive and page use levels. The activity patterns at both representation layers are able to distinguish between task types in similar ways and, to some degree, between tasks of different levels of difficulty. We explore relationships between the results and task difficulty and discuss the use of activity patterns to explore events within a search session. User activity patterns can be at least partially observed in server-side search logs. A focus on patterns of user activity sequences may contribute to the development of information systems that better personalize the user's search experience.
The Origin of Carbon Enhancement and the Initial Mass Function of Extremely Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo

It is known that the carbon-enhanced, extremely metal-poor (CEMP) stars constitute a substantial proportion of the extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars of the Galactic halo, and a by far larger proportion than CH stars among Population II stars. We investigate their origin by taking into account an additional evolutionary path to the surface carbon enrichment, triggered by hydrogen engulfment by the helium flash convection, in EMP stars with [Fe/H] ≲ -2.5. This process is distinct from the third dredge-up operating in more metal-rich stars and in EMP stars. In binary systems of EMP stars, the secondary stars become CEMP stars through mass transfer from the low- and intermediate- mass primary stars that have developed the surface carbon enhancement. Our binary scenario can predict the variations in the abundances not only for carbon but also for nitrogen and s-process elements and can reasonably explain the observed properties such as the stellar distributions of the carbon abundances, the binary periods, and the evolutionary stages. Furthermore, from the observed frequencies of CEMP stars with and without s-process element enhancement, we demonstrate that the initial mass function of EMP stars needed gives the mean mass ~ 10 M☉ under the reasonable assumptions for the distributions of orbital separations and mass ratios of the binary components. This also indicates that the currently observed EMP stars were exclusively born as the secondary members of binaries, making up ~10% of EMP binary systems, with mass ~ 108 M☉ in total; in addition to CEMP stars with white dwarf companions, a significant fraction of them have experienced supernova explosions of their companions. We discuss the implications of the present results for the formation of the Galactic halo.
Pose-Aware Face Recognition in the Wild

We propose a method to push the frontiers of unconstrained face recognition in the wild, focusing on the problem of extreme pose variations. As opposed to current techniques which either expect a single model to learn pose invariance through massive amounts of training data, or which normalize images to a single frontal pose, our method explicitly tackles pose variation by using multiple pose specific models and rendered face images. We leverage deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to learn discriminative representations we call Pose-Aware Models (PAMs) using 500K images from the CASIA WebFace dataset. We present a comparative evaluation on the new IARPA Janus Benchmark A (IJB-A) and PIPA datasets. On these datasets PAMs achieve remarkably better performance than commercial products and surprisingly also outperform methods that are specifically fine-tuned on the target dataset.
Evaluation of spectral and texture features for object-based vegetation species classification using Support Vector Machines

The use of appropriate features to characterize an output class or object is critical for all classification problems. This paper evaluates the capability of several spectral and texture features for object-based vegetation classification at the species level using airborne high resolution multispectral imagery. Image-objects as the basic classification unit were generated through image segmentation. Statistical moments extracted from original spectral bands and vegetation index image are used as feature descriptors for image objects (i.e. tree crowns). Several state-of-art texture descriptors such as Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and its extensions are also extracted for comparison purpose. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed for classification in the object-feature space. The experimental results showed that incorporating spectral vegetation indices can improve the classification accuracy and obtained better results than in original spectral bands, and using moments of Ratio Vegetation Index obtained the highest average classification accuracy in our experiment. The experiments also indicate that the spectral moment features also outperform or can at least compare with the state-of-art texture descriptors in terms of classification accuracy.
Major Elements and Issues in Performance Management System: A Literature Review.

Due to rapidly changing business environment, HRD practitioners are unprecedently demanded to actively participate in improving organizational effectiveness as performance management specialist. The purpose of this study was to examine and discuss major elements and issues in performance management system through an extensive literature review and provide some considerations for designing and implementing effective performance management system in organizations.
Linear network coding capacity region of 2-receiver MIMO broadcast packet erasure channels with feedback

This work studies the capacity of the 2-receiver multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast packet erasure channels (PECs) with channel output feedback, which is in contrast with the single-input/single-output setting of the existing works. Motivated by the immense success of linear network coding (LNC) in theory and in practice, this work focuses exclusively on LNC schemes and characterizes the LNC feedback capacity region (R1*, R2*) of 2-receiver MIMO broadcast PECs. A new linear-space-based approach is proposed, which unifies the problems of finding a capacity outer bound and devising the achievability scheme into a single linear programming (LP) problem. Specifically, an LP solver is used to exhaustively search for the LNC scheme(s) with the best possible throughput, the result of which is thus guaranteed to attain the LNC feedback capacity.
Evaluation of methods to concentrate and purify ocean virus communities through comparative, replicated metagenomics

Viruses have global impact through mortality, nutrient cycling and horizontal gene transfer, yet their study is limited by complex methodologies with little validation. Here, we use triplicate metagenomes to compare common aquatic viral concentration and purification methods across four combinations as follows: (i) tangential flow filtration (TFF) and DNase + CsCl, (ii) FeCl3 precipitation and DNase, (iii) FeCl3 precipitation and DNase + CsCl and (iv) FeCl3 precipitation and DNase + sucrose. Taxonomic data (30% of reads) suggested that purification methods were statistically indistinguishable at any taxonomic level while concentration methods were significantly different at family and genus levels. Specifically, TFF-concentrated viral metagenomes had significantly fewer abundant viral types (Podoviridae and Phycodnaviridae) and more variability among Myoviridae than FeCl3-precipitated viral metagenomes. More comprehensive analyses using protein clusters (66% of reads) and k-mers (100% of reads) showed 50–53% of these data were common to all four methods, and revealed trace bacterial DNA contamination in TFF-concentrated metagenomes and one of three replicates concentrated using FeCl3 and purified by DNase alone. Shared k-mer analyses also revealed that polymerases used in amplification impact the resulting metagenomes, with TaKaRa enriching for ‘rare’ reads relative to PfuTurbo. Together these results provide empirical data for making experimental design decisions in culture-independent viral ecology studies.
Symmetry of local minimizers for the three-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau functional

We classify nonconstant entire local minimizers of the standard Ginzburg�Landau functional for maps in H1loc (RR;R3) satisfying a natural energy bound. Up to translations and rotations, such solutions of the Ginzburg�Land system are given by an explicit solution equivariant under the action of the orthogonal group.
Identifying quantitative trait loci via group-sparse multitask regression and feature selection: an imaging genetics study of the ADNI cohort

MOTIVATION Recent advances in high-throughput genotyping and brain imaging techniques enable new approaches to study the influence of genetic variation on brain structures and functions. Traditional association studies typically employ independent and pairwise univariate analysis, which treats single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and quantitative traits (QTs) as isolated units and ignores important underlying interacting relationships between the units. New methods are proposed here to overcome this limitation. RESULTS Taking into account the interlinked structure within and between SNPs and imaging QTs, we propose a novel Group-Sparse Multi-task Regression and Feature Selection (G-SMuRFS) method to identify quantitative trait loci for multiple disease-relevant QTs and apply it to a study in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Built upon regression analysis, our model uses a new form of regularization, group ℓ(2,1)-norm (G(2,1)-norm), to incorporate the biological group structures among SNPs induced from their genetic arrangement. The new G(2,1)-norm considers the regression coefficients of all the SNPs in each group with respect to all the QTs together and enforces sparsity at the group level. In addition, an ℓ(2,1)-norm regularization is utilized to couple feature selection across multiple tasks to make use of the shared underlying mechanism among different brain regions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by both clearly improved prediction performance in empirical evaluations and a compact set of selected SNP predictors relevant to the imaging QTs. AVAILABILITY Software is publicly available at: http://ranger.uta. edu/%7eheng/imaging-genetics/.
Counting BPS Operators in the Chiral Ring of N = 2 Supersymmetric Gauge Theories or

This note is presenting the generating functions which count the BPS operators in the chiral ring of a N = 2 quiver gauge theory that lives on N D3 branes probing an ALE singularity. The difficulty in this computation arises from t fact that this quiver gauge theory has a moduli space of vacua that splits into many branches – the Higgs, the Coulomb and mixed branches. As a result there can be operators which explore those different branches and the counting gets complicated by having to deal with such operators while avoiding over or under counting. The solution to this problem turns out to be very elegant and is presented in this note. Some surprises with “surgery” of generating functions arises.
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EURO AND THE DOLLAR *

* This paper is part of a project “US-EU Monetary Relations after the Introduction of the Euro” undertaken by Fred Bergsten, Institute for International Economics (IIE), Washington D.D. , Daniel Gros, Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels and Niels Thygesen, EPRU. Financial support from the European Commission under the New Transatlantic Dialogue, and from the Danish National Research Foundation to EPRU, is gratefully acknowledged, as is the discussion at two workshops in Brussels in January 2000 and in Washington D.C. in April 2000, and in the CEPS Macroeconomic Policy Group.
On the spin parameter of dark-matter haloes

The study by White (1984) on the growth of angular momentum in dark haloes is extended towards a more detailed investigation of the spin parameter $\lambda\equiv L\sqrt{E}/{G M^{2.5}}$. Starting from the Zel'dovich approximation to structure formation, a dark halo is approximated by a homogeneous ellipsoid with the inertial tensor of the (highly irregular) Lagrangian region $\Upsilon$ from which the dark halo forms. Within this approximation, an expression for the spin parameter can be derived, which depends on the geometry of $\Upsilon$, the cosmological density parameter $\Omega_0$, the overdensity of the dark halo, and the tidal torque exerted on it. For Gaussian random fields, this expression can be evaluated statistically. As a result, we derive a probability distribution of the spin parameter which gives $\lambda\simeq0.07^{+0.04}_{-0.05}$, consistent with numerical investigations. This probability distribution steeply rises with increasing spin parameter, reaching its maximum at $\lambda\simeq0.025$. The 10 (50,90) percentile values are $\lambda=0.02$ (0.05,0.11, respectively). There is a weak anticorrelation of the spin parameter with the peak height $\nu$ of the density fluctuation field $\lambda\propto \nu^{-0.29}$. The dependence on $\Omega_0$ and the variance $\sigma$ of the density-contrast field is very weak; there is only a marginal tendency for the spin parameter to be slightly larger for late-forming objects in an open universe. Due to the weak dependence on $\sigma$, our results should be quite generally applicable and independent on
Stressors beget stressors: The effect of passive leadership on employee health through workload and work–family conflict

ABSTRACT The current study examined passive leadership as a potential antecedent of two commonly studied workplace stressors (i.e. workload and work–family conflict), and investigated its negative effect on employee burnout and physical symptoms via these stressors. We collected two waves of data from 274 focal participants, and one wave of data from their co-workers. Results showed that both self-reported and co-worker-reported passive leadership was positively related to employee burnout and physical symptoms, as well as workload and work–family conflict. Additionally, workload and work–family conflict partially mediated the effects of passive leadership on burnout and physical symptoms, respectively. Our findings support the notion that passive leadership can create a stressful workplace and have a detrimental effect on employees’ health.
Mental Disorder Is a Disability Concept, Not a Behavioral One

The mental health field has not been able to agree on a definition of what is arguably its core concept: mental disorder. Prior attempts at establishing a definition have been conceptual but not empirical, indicating a need for empirical investigation into key aspects of the meaning of this concept. Sixty advanced clinical psychology graduate students completed a newly created measure, the “Survey of Mental Disorder Meanings. ” Results indicated that the critical discriminator between what they judged to be mental disorder and non-mental disorder cases was the presence versus absence of personal disability. These findings support the position that ‘mental disorder’ designates a state of disability (i.e., dysfunction or functional impairment), not any kind or species of behavior such as maladaptive, socially deviant, or statistically unusual behavior. Implications of these findings for psychopathology as a science, for the definition in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and for clinical practice are discussed.
Genetic predictors of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: where do we stand today?

BACKGROUND Nowadays, the use of IVF has improved the prospects of infertility treatment. The expected outcome of IVF depends greatly on the effectiveness of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), where exogenous gonadotrophins are used to induce folliculogenesis. The response to stimulation varies substantially among women and is difficult to predict. Several predictive markers of COH outcome have been proposed (e.g. maternal age and ovarian reserve), but the search for optimal predictors is ongoing. Pharmacogenetic studies demonstrate the effects of individual genetic variability on COH outcome and the potential for customizing therapy based on the patient's genome. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, DARE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, and references from relevant articles were investigated up to February 2011 regarding any common genetic variation and COH/IVF outcome. RESULTS Several polymorphisms in genes involved in FSH signalling, estrogen biosynthesis, folliculogenesis, folate metabolism and other aspects influence the response to exogenous gonadotrophin administration, resulting in differences in COH and IVF outcomes. Nevertheless, the most studied polymorphism FSHR Asn680Ser is practically the only genetic marker, together with ESR1 PvuII T/C, that could be applied in clinical tests. CONCLUSIONS Although data are accumulating with evidence suggesting that the ovarian response to COH is mediated by various polymorphisms, the optimal biomarkers and the efficacy of the tests still remain to be evaluated.
A Conceptual Model of Hotel Managers' Turnover Intentions: The Moderating Effect of Job-Hopping Attitudes and Turnover Culture

High employee turnover within the hotel industry, especially amongst managers, has become one of the major concerns to researchers and practitioners. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a proposed model of turnover intentions by viewing job satisfaction as having a direct effect on turnover intentions as well as an indirect effect via organizational commitment. Job-hopping attitude and turnover culture have been proposed as moderators in the relationship between the mediating variable and the criterion variables. A review of the literature to support the proposed model is presented.
Redes sociais e qualidade de vida dos idosos: uma revisão e análise crítica da literatura

Several studies have documented the importance of social networks for quality of life (QL) in old age. This article presents a review and critical analysis of the literature on the relationship between the social networks of the elderly and their QL/well-being. A survey using interdisciplinary search engines [Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Scholar Google, Science Direct and Online Knowledge Library (b-on)], followed by an in-depth examination of the 37 documents subsequently identified, selected based on content, the geographical context of the study and its publication date, suggested a number of tendencies. In the first place, networks of friends have a greater impact on the QL/well-being of elderly persons than family networks. Secondly, the positive effect of the existence of more than one type of relationship was revealed (such as simultaneous friendships and family relationships). Finally, literature suggests emotional closeness has a positive impact on QL/well-being. The present study exposed the lack of longitudinal studies into the causality between network characteristics and QL/well-being. It also revealed the lack of research on the relationship between social networks and QL/well-being in elderly persons living alone. One problematic aspect relates to the fact that few studies provide a definition of the QL measures they adopt, or the rationale behind the manner of their operationalization of the concept.