Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytochemical localization of glycogen in Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions

The origin and distribution of glycogen in inclusions of Chlamydia trachomatis were demonstrated with silver proteinate stain for electron microscopy. Glycogen particles were detected in all developmental stages of C. trachomatis, as well as free in the inclusions. Intrachlamydial glycogen was most common in elementary bodies but was also detected in intermediate forms and reticulate bodies (RBs). Abnormal divisions and breakdown of cytoplasmic membranes were common in RBs. Cytoplasmic contents, including glycogen particles, were released into the inclusions after rupture of the outer membranes of abnormal RBs and intermediate forms. From these observations, we conclude that glycogen in inclusions of C. trachomatis originates in the organisms themselves.
Choice of Travel Mode in the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Roles of Past Behavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action

Relying on the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), a longitudinal study investigated the effects of an intervention-introduction of a prepaid bus ticket-on increased bus use among college students. In this context, the logic of the proposition that past behavior is the best predictor of later behavior was also examined. The intervention was found to influence attitudes toward bus use, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control and, consistent with the theory, to affect intentions and behavior in the desired direction. Furthermore, the theory afforded accurate prediction of intention and behavior both before and after the intervention. In contrast, a measure of past behavior improved prediction of travel mode prior to the intervention, but lost its predictive utility for behavior following the intervention. In a test of the proposition that the effect of past on later behavior is due to habit formation, an independent measure of habit failed to mediate the effects of past on later behavior. It is concluded that choice of travel mode is largely a reasoned decision; that this decision can be affected by interventions that produce change in attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control; and that past travel choice contributes to the prediction of later behavior only if circumstances remain relatively stable.
Cluster-based rendezvous points selection for reducing tour length of mobile element in WSN

In this paper we develop two new algorithms viz., CCP (Cluster-based Collection Point) and CRP (Cluster-based Rendezvous collection Points) that focus on i) reducing the number of data collection points to be visited by the Mobile Element (ME), and ii) determining an optimal path for ME. The algorithms follow a clustering approach, where a Cluster Head (CH) aggregates data from its cluster nodes and keeps this information ready for onward transmission to the ME. Due to this approach, the ME need only visit the CH instead of visiting each cluster node individually. The CCP algorithm determines an optimal path for ME by connecting all CH/Collection Points (CP). Taking advantage of the transmission range of CH/CPs, the CRP algorithm determines optimum number of Rendezvous Points that cover all CPs, which further reduces the tour length. Both algorithms were subjected to extensive simulations to study their efficacy. The algorithms have outperformed the best known algorithms in terms of tour length and latency.
Evaluation of Functional Limitations in Female Soccer Players and Their Relationship with Sports Level – A Cross Sectional Study

Background Little is known about the impact of functional muscle restrictions on the level of functional performance among female soccer players. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze: a) abnormalities in the length of lower limb muscles, b) the correctness of movement patterns, and c) the impact of functional limitations of muscles on the correctness of fundamental movement patterns in a group of female soccer players, in relation to their skill level. Design Cross Sectional Study. Setting Elite and sub-elite division. Participants 21 female soccer players from Polish Ekstraklasa (PE) and 22 players from the 1st Division (1D). Interventions All participants were tested for lower limb muscle length restrictions and level of fundamental movement skills (with the Fundamental Movement ScreenTM test). Chi-square test was used for categorical unrelated variables. Differences between groups in absolute point values were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at P<. 05. Main outcome measurements Lower leg muscle length, FMSTM score. Results Significantly higher number of abnormal rectus femoris length in the 1D (P=.0433) and abnormal hamstring results (P=.0006) in the PE was observed. PE scored higher in the trunk rotational stability test (P=.0008), the 1D players scored higher in the deep squat (P=.0220), in-line lunge (P=.0042) and active straight leg raise (P=.0125) tests. The results suggest that there are different functional reasons affecting point values obtained in the FMSTM tests in both groups. Conclusions The differences in the rectus femoris and hamstring muscle flexibility observed between female soccer players with different levels of training may result from a long-term impact of soccer training on the muscle-tendon system and articular structures. Different causes of abnormalities in fundamental movement patterns in both groups suggest the need for tailoring prevention programs to the level of sport skills represented by the players.
Effects of Instruction in the Use of a Visual-Imagery Strategy on the Reading-Comprehension Competence of Disabled and Average Readers

Thirty-nine upper-primary disabled readers and 39 third-grade average readers matched with the disabled readers on word-recognition ability were randomly assigned to three training conditions — visualization instruction only (VI), visualization instruction plus pictorial display (VI+P), and a read-reread (RR) control condition. Training and testing took place over four 40-min. sessions in small groups of five. Results indicated that the VI+P condition, in which subjects were instructed to make pictures in their mind and were shown a pictorial display that illustrated the temporal-spatial sequence of the reading text, was particularly effective in facilitating disabled readers' comprehension performance. However, adequate time and practice are necessary for mastery of the strategy, and appropriate gradual fading of external support is critical to promote internalization and generalization of strategy use
Validation of the human head fe model against pedestrian accident and its tentative application to the examination of the existing tolerance curve

The existing head injury criterion (HIC) is based on translational accelerations of the center of gravity of the head, while the importance of the rotational motion has been discussed over decades. Although most previous studies to establish injury criteria have depended on cadaver, human volunteer or animal experiments, ever-progressing computing techniques both in software and hardware are making such studies possible using virtual experiments by FE simulation. In reality, however, such simulation models must be fully validated against a real human body before they can be used for such studies, and these validations depend on the tests using animal and human material. In this paper, another approach to validate a human head FE model is introduced. Two cases of pedestrian accidents were selected from the accident database of the Road Accident Research Unit of the University of Adelaide and were reconstructed using a combination of physical testing and a FE model of the pedestrian/vehicle collision. The results of the FE model of the head were compared with the neuropathology of the actual victims to see if such an index as maximum principal strain was a correlate of the location and severity of injury. After a comparison between the results of the model and the neuropathology was made, a tentative application of the model was tried. A parametric study on translational acceleration and duration time was performed and the relationship between the simulated brain conditions and the existing head tolerance curve (WSUTC) were discussed. Finally, additional simulations where pure rotational motions were applied to the model showed the likelihood of injuries from these motions alone. From this, the need for a criterion that considers both translational and rotational motions was suggested. For the covering abstract see ITRD E825082.
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and personal well-being in European youth soccer players: Invariance of physical activity, global self-esteem and vitality across five countries

In this study, findings concerned with the association of self-reported global self-esteem, vitality and athletes' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in young soccer players and the generalisability of these associations across different European populations are presented. After listwise exclusion of missing cases and the elimination of cases reporting less than a week of intensive physical activity, the sample of this analysis included 6796 athletes from France (N = 974), Greece (N = 1416), Norway (N = 1051), Spain (N = 2175) and England (N = 1180). Results from multi-sample structural equation modelling analyses provided evidence of invariance across countries for factor loadings and structural covariances, but not for intercepts and means. Across the five countries, MVPA corresponded positively to global self-esteem and vitality, and global self-esteem and vitality had a high positive correlation. The findings imply that the employed measures have the same meaning across the five countries, but scale scores cannot be compared across countries. The results also provide initial support to the generalisability of the assumption that the positive association of MVPA and well-being is evident across different European populations.
Family dysfunction is more strongly associated with ADHD than with general school problems

Having a child for whom success at school is elusive is a challenge faced by many families. Such school difficulties are known to increase parenting stress, but what is not known from previous research is whether Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) poses an additional challenge over and above the difficulties encountered due to general school problems. We asked the parents of 248 school-aged children to complete the General Function scale from the McMaster Family Assessment Device. Stringent research criteria were used to categorize the children as having primarily ADHD (N= 49), primarily reading disability (RD) (N= 59), both ADHD and RD (N= 50), or neither (controls) (N= 90). Thirty-five children also met criteria for oppositional defiant disorder (OPD). ADHD (either alone, or in combination with RD) was associated with significantly more problems in family functioning, even after the children with OPD were excluded from the analyses.
Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin following single dose intravenous administration in normal and febrile goats.

A pharmacokinetic study of gentamicin (5 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.)) was conducted first in clinically healthy female goats and then in the same goats after induction of fever by Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.2 microgram/kg i.v.). Rectal temperature increased 1 degrees to 1.5 degrees C in febrile goats. Differences in the blood serum concentrations of gentamicin were not observed at any time between febrile and normal goats. The disposition kinetics of gentamicin were described by a biexponential expression CP = Ae-alpha t + Be-beta t. Median values for the half-lives of gentamicin were 103.6 min in normal and 136.0 min in febrile goats. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 263.3 ml/kg in the febrile goats which was not different from that in the normal goats (240.6 ml/kg). The volume of the central compartment (Vc) was almost identical in normal and febrile goats. The body clearance (Cl beta) was observed to be 1.7 and 1.6 ml/min.kg in normal and febrile goats, respectively. Dosage regimens for gentamicin were calculated on the basis of median kinetic data.
Various thresholds for ℓ1-optimization in compressed sensing

Recently, \cite{CRT,DonohoPol} theoretically analyzed the success of a polynomial $\ell_1$-optimization algorithm in solving an under-determined system of linear equations. In a large dimensional and statistical context \cite{CRT,DonohoPol} proved that if the number of equations (measurements in the compressed sensing terminology) in the system is proportional to the length of the unknown vector then there is a sparsity (number of non-zero elements of the unknown vector) also proportional to the length of the unknown vector such that $\ell_1$-optimization succeeds in solving the system. In this paper, we provide an alternative performance analysis of $\ell_1$-optimization and obtain the proportionality constants that in certain cases match or improve on the best currently known ones from \cite{DonohoPol,DT}.
Emotion, Imagery and Metaphor in the Acquisition of Musical Performance Skill

In teaching music students to perform expressively, many instructors use imagery and metaphors to call attention to the emotional qualities of music. This article examines existing theories of emotion, imagery and metaphor in music performance, and reviews empirical studies of expressive performance that have considered these topics. Also presented are the results of a small-scale study of the imagery and metaphors used by college music instructors. Several conclusions are drawn. First, motional aspects of music, seen in imagery using terms such as 'flowing' or 'bouncy', are considered crucial in the connection between performed music and felt emotion. Additionally, among advanced musicians, there appears to be a shared and relatively limited affective vocabulary used to elicit expressive performance, perhaps largely drawn from the compositional structure of the piece of music being performed.
Cystic fibrosis HRCT scores correlate strongly with pseudomonas infection

In order to establish a valid surrogate outcome measure, it must be shown that the outcome measure (chest HRCT scores in cystic fibrosis [CF] patients) demonstrates strong statistical association with established endpoints of disease, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) airway acquisition, acute exacerbations, or mortality.
Iranian EFL Learners at Loggerheads with Perceived Social Support

Resilience as a psychological emotional mechanism is employed by the individuals when they are in stressful irritating situations to be able to resume their previous productive mental activities. It is a vital coping activity when students go through upsetting events, psychological breakdowns, academic failures, suffocating educational atmospheres, and undemocratic teaching techniques. The essential elements of such a construct can be diverse based upon a whole prism of cultural specificities. The crux of the matter is that resilience is immensely influenced by social parameters and significant others who are in interaction with the students. The objective of this study is to investigate the predictive relationship between perceived social support (social support of family, significant others, and friends) and resilience in English language learners. To this end, 200 EFL learners studying at university level participated in the study. The data were gathered through two questionnaires and multiple regression analysis was run as a statistical procedure to analyze the data. The results of the study indicated that social support of family, significant others, and friends significantly predicted resilience. The implications of this study pointed to the importance of significant others, and social support from teachers, family and friends in providing EFL learners with effective copying skills manifested as resilience in confrontation with unwelcoming stressful tasks and challenges in the process of language learning.
Generation, ethnic and religious diversity in friendship choice: exploring interethnic close ties in Britain

Abstract Interethnic friendships can reflect intergroup relations and immigrants' integration into host societies. Using pooled 2007–09 Citizenship Surveys, this study investigates interethnic friendship patterns and determinants of friendship choice in Britain. The paper focuses on generational, ethnic and religious diversity in forming interethnic close ties. The most common friendship pattern is having co-ethnic close friends. This ethnic boundary in interethnic ties, however, weakens across generations whereby those born in or migrated to Britain at young ages have a higher chance of having close friends from other ethnic groups. We find that interethnic friendships are formed in a ‘pan-ethnic’ pattern by which those with similar ethnic/racial and religious background such as Muslim Indians and Pakistanis, or mixed white and black Caribbean and black Caribbean, are more likely to nominate one another as close friends.
Thinking about theories or thinking with theories?: a classroom study with natural selection

A classroom study was conducted among secondary school pupils in Vigo (Spain), with the purpose of testing strategies intended to enhance a conceptual shift from Lamarckian to Darwinian views. Instructional materials and strategies took pupils’ ideas into account, while the differences between experimental and control groups concerned the explicit comparison of the Darwinian model and their own Lamarckian ideas, on the hypothesis that both models are confused in pupils’ minds. While the pretest results of both groups were similar, significant differences appeared between them in post‐test and retest, with the experimental group showing better procedural knowledge. Educational implications are discussed.
Patient-Held Maternal and/or Child Health Records: Meeting the Information Needs of Patients and Healthcare Providers in Developing Countries?

Though improvements in infant and maternal mortality rates have occurred over time, women and children still die every hour from preventable causes. Various regional, social and economic factors are involved in the ability of women and children to receive adequate care and prevention services. Patient-held maternal and/or child health records have been used for a number of years in many countries to help track health risks, vaccinations and other preventative health measures performed. Though these records are primarily designed to record patient histories and healthcare information and guide healthcare workers providing care, because the records are patient-held, they also allow families a greater ability to track their own health and prevention strategies. A literature search was performed to answer these questions: (1) What are maternal information needs regarding pregnancy, post-natal and infant healthcare, especially in developing countries? (2) What is known about maternal information seeking behavior in developing countries? (3) What is the history and current state of maternal and/or child patient-held healthcare records, do they provide for the information needs of the healthcare provider and what are the effects and outcomes of patient-held records in general and for maternal and/or child health in particular? Specific information needs of pregnant women and mothers are rarely studied. The small numbers of maternal information behavior results available indicate that mothers, in general, prefer to receive health information directly from their healthcare provider as opposed to from other sources (written, etc.) Overall, in developing countries, patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records have a mostly positive effect for both patient and care provider. Mothers and children with records tend to have better outcomes in healthcare and preventative measures. Further research into the information behaviors of pregnant women and mothers to determine the extent of reliance on interpersonal information seeking is recommended before expending significant resources on enhanced patient-held maternal and/or child healthcare records including storage on mobile devices. In particular, research is needed to explore the utility of providing targeted health messages to mothers regarding their own health and that of their children; this might best be accomplished through mobile technologies.
Isometric exercise induces analgesia and reduces inhibition in patellar tendinopathy

Background Few interventions reduce patellar tendinopathy (PT) pain in the short term. Eccentric exercises are painful and have limited effectiveness during the competitive season. Isometric and isotonic muscle contractions may have an immediate effect on PT pain. Methods This single-blinded, randomised cross-over study compared immediate and 45 min effects following a bout of isometric and isotonic muscle contractions. Outcome measures were PT pain during the single-leg decline squat (SLDS, 0–10), quadriceps strength on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and measures of corticospinal excitability and inhibition. Data were analysed using a split-plot in time-repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results 6 volleyball players with PT participated. Condition effects were detected with greater pain relief immediately from isometric contractions: isometric contractions reduced SLDS (mean±SD) from 7.0±2.04 to 0.17±0.41, and isotonic contractions reduced SLDS (mean±SD) from 6.33±2.80 to 3.75±3.28 (p<0.001). Isometric contractions released cortical inhibition (ratio mean±SD) from 27.53%±8.30 to 54.95%±5.47, but isotonic contractions had no significant effect on inhibition (pre 30.26±3.89, post 31.92±4.67; p=0.004). Condition by time analysis showed pain reduction was sustained at 45 min postisometric but not isotonic condition (p<0.001). The mean reduction in pain scores postisometric was 6.8/10 compared with 2.6/10 postisotonic. MVIC increased significantly following the isometric condition by 18.7±7.8%, and was significantly higher than baseline (p<0.001) and isotonic condition (p<0.001), and at 45 min (p<0.001). Conclusions A single resistance training bout of isometric contractions reduced tendon pain immediately for at least 45 min postintervention and increased MVIC. The reduction in pain was paralleled by a reduction in cortical inhibition, providing insight into potential mechanisms. Isometric contractions can be completed without pain for people with PT. The clinical implications are that isometric muscle contractions may be used to reduce pain in people with PT without a reduction in muscle strength.