Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community-wide assessment of pollen limitation in hummingbird-pollinated plants of a tropical montane rain forest.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although pollen limitation of reproduction (PL) has been widely studied, our understanding of its occurrence in tropical communities, especially for bird-pollinated plants, is underdeveloped. In addition, inclusion of both quantity and quality aspects in studies of PL are generally lacking. Within hummingbird-pollinated plants, a prediction was made for higher PL for the quality than quantity aspects and a minor effect of temporal variation because hummingbirds are constant and efficient pollen vectors but they may transfer low quality pollen. METHODS Field hand and open pollination experiments were conducted on 21 species in a tropical montane rain forest over 2 years. The quantity (fruit set and seeds per fruit) and quality (seed weight and germination) aspects of reproduction were assessed as the response to open pollination relative to outcross hand pollination. The relationships between the effect size of quantity and quality aspects of reproduction and predictive plant features (self-incompatibility, autogamy, density and pollinator specialization level) were assessed with phylogenetic generalized linear models. KEY RESULTS Just over half of all the species expressed PL for one or more response variables. On average, the severity of PL was strong for one quality variable (seed germination; 0·83), but insignificant for another (seed weight; -0·03), and low to moderate for quantity variables (0·31 for seeds per fruit and 0·39 for fruit set). There was only a minor contribution of temporal variation to PL within the studied species. Common predictors of PL, i.e. phylogenetic relatedness, self-incompatibility, autogamy, plant density and pollinator specialization level, did not adequately explain variation in PL within this community. CONCLUSIONS Despite the measurable degree of PL within these hummingbird-pollinated plants, the causes of pollen quality and quantity insufficiency are not clear. Variables other than those tested may contribute to PL or causes of PL may vary among species and cannot adequately be accounted for when assessed from the within-community perspective.
A precoder for reducing downlink interference from femtocells to macro users based on cognitive radio

This paper proposes a preprocessor for femtocell base stations to avoid the downlink interference to the macro users, where both systems are multicarrier systems. By using the concept of cognitive radio, we design a low complexity transmitter including a precoder followed by a power allocation. With the judicious design of the interference tolerant constraints, the performance degradation of the macro user is controlled to be less than a predetermined value. Simulation results show that the spectrum efficiency of the femtocell system with the presented transmitter is improved significantly.
Simple Bratteli diagrams with a Gödel-incomplete C*-equivalence problem

An abstract simplicial complex is a finite family of subsets of a finite set, closed under subsets. Every abstract simplicial complex C naturally determines a Bratteli diagram and a stable AF-algebra A(C). Consider the following problem: INPUT: a pair of abstract simplicial complexes C and C'; QUESTION: is A(C) isomorphic to A(C')? We show that this problem is Godel incomplete, i.e., it is recursively enumerable but not decidable. This result is in sharp contrast with the recent decidability result by Bratteli, Jorgensen, Kim and Roush, for the isomorphism problem of stable AF-algebras arising from the iteration of the same positive integer matrix. For the proof we use a combinatorial variant of the De Concini-Procesi theorem for toric varieties, together with the Baker-Beynon duality theory for lattice-ordered abelian groups, Markov's undecidability result, and Elliott's classification theory for AF-algebras.
Galaxy Zoo 2: detailed morphological classifications for 304,122 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present the data release for Galaxy Zoo 2 (GZ2), a citizen science project with more than 16 million morphological classifications of 304 122 galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Morphology is a powerful probe for quantifying a galaxy's dynamical history; however, automatic classifications of morphology (either by computer analysis of images or by using other physical parameters as proxies) still have drawbacks when compared to visual inspection. The large number of images available in current surveys makes visual inspection of each galaxy impractical for individual astronomers. GZ2 uses classifications from volunteer citizen scientists to measure morphologies for all galaxies in the DR7 Legacy survey with mr > 17, in addition to deeper images from SDSS Stripe 82. While the original GZ2 project identified galaxies as early-types, late-types or mergers, GZ2 measures finer morphological features. These include bars, bulges and the shapes of edge-on disks, as well as quantifying the relative strengths of galactic bulges and spiral arms. This paper presents the full public data release for the project, including measures of accuracy and bias. The majority (≳90 per cent) of GZ2 classifications agree with those made by professional astronomers, especially for morphological T-types, strong bars and arm curvature. Both the raw and reduced data products can be obtained in electronic format at http://data.galaxyzoo. org.
Global-Local Orientation Congruency Effects in Visual Search

In a visual search task, subjects had to decide which of 2 possible target letters was presented among 12 distractor letters. The 13 characters were arranged to form a global Navon-type letter. The global letter and the local letters (target and distractors) were independently presented in four different viewer-related orientations. When the global letter and the target were frequently congruently oriented, the response times increased with growing orientation disparity between them. This global-target congruency effect was independent from target identity (Experiment 1), and it diminished when global and target orientations were not correlated (Experiment 2). The results indicate that the orientation of the global letter can be deliberately used in order to facilitate the processing of congruently oriented local targets. The alignment of a spatial frame of reference is discussed as the most probable process underlying this facilitation.
The Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test (Level-H) is a Measure of g

Although the consensus in the field of human intelligence holds that a unitary factor (g) accounts for the majority of the variance among individuals, there are still some who argue that intelligence is composed of separate abilities and individual differences across abilities in combination are what constitutes intelligence. In keeping with the latter theoretical support, the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test (STAT) is an intelligence test that is designed to measure three distinct types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative. Several analyses were conducted to establish whether or not the triarchic model is empirically supported, or if a unitary construct is the best explanation of individual differences on this test. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate that a g model is the best explanation for the data.
The Experience of New Workers in the Field of Child Welfare

This qualitative study examines the experiences of 18 new child protection workers in Southern Ontario The workers, who had 5 to 18 months experience in child welfare, were interviewed regarding their experiences of joining a child welfare agency A follow up focus group was conducted with child protection supervisors The study examined what motivated workers to join, their training experience, the rewards and supports and the overwhelming nature of the experience The study illuminated the struggles that new workers experience in child welfare with respect to value and belief challenges The study reflects on the implications of new worker experiences and provides recommendations for system, philosophy and training changes
Reduction of Aflatoxins in Apricot Kernels by Electronic and Manual Color Sorting

The efficacy of color sorting on reducing aflatoxin levels in shelled apricot kernels was assessed. Naturally-contaminated kernels were submitted to an electronic optical sorter or blanched, peeled, and manually sorted to visually identify and sort discolored kernels (dark and spotted) from healthy ones. The samples obtained from the two sorting approaches were ground, homogenized, and analysed by HPLC-FLD for their aflatoxin content. A mass balance approach was used to measure the distribution of aflatoxins in the collected fractions. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 were identified and quantitated in all collected fractions at levels ranging from 1.7 to 22,451.5 µg/kg of AFB1 + AFB2, whereas AFG1 and AFG2 were not detected. Excellent results were obtained by manual sorting of peeled kernels since the removal of discolored kernels (2.6%–19.9% of total peeled kernels) removed 97.3%–99.5% of total aflatoxins. The combination of peeling and visual/manual separation of discolored kernels is a feasible strategy to remove 97%–99% of aflatoxins accumulated in naturally-contaminated samples. Electronic optical sorter gave highly variable results since the amount of AFB1 + AFB2 measured in rejected fractions (15%–18% of total kernels) ranged from 13% to 59% of total aflatoxins. An improved immunoaffinity-based HPLC-FLD method having low limits of detection for the four aflatoxins (0.01–0.05 µg/kg) was developed and used to monitor the occurrence of aflatoxins in 47 commercial products containing apricot kernels and/or almonds commercialized in Italy. Low aflatoxin levels were found in 38% of the tested samples and ranged from 0.06 to 1.50 μg/kg for AFB1 and from 0.06 to 1.79 μg/kg for total aflatoxins.
Color-Coating Production Scheduling for Coils in Inventory in Steel Industry

This paper studies a large-scale scheduling problem in iron and steel industry, called color-coating production scheduling for coils in inventory (CCPSCI). The problem is to select steel coils from those in the coil yard and to create a production schedule so that the productivity and product quality are maximized, while the production cost and other penalties are minimized. A tabu search (TS) algorithm is proposed for this problem. Results on real production instances show that the proposed method is much more effective and efficient than manual scheduling.
Monitored anesthesia care in and outside the operating room

Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) is an anesthesia technique combining local anesthesia with parenteral drugs for sedation and analgesia. The use of MAC is increasing for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in and outside of the operating room due to the rapid postoperative recovery with the use of relatively small amounts of sedatives and analgesics compared to general anesthesia. The purposes of MAC are providing patients with safe sedation, comfort, pain control and satisfaction. Preoperative evaluation for patients with MAC is similar to those of general or regional anesthesia in that patients should be comprehensively assessed. Additionally, patient cooperation with comprehension of the procedure is an essential component during MAC. In addition to local anesthesia by operators or anesthesiologists, systemic sedatives and analgesics are administered to provide patients with comfort during procedures performed with MAC. The discretion and judgment of an experienced anesthesiologist are required for the safety and efficacy profiles because the airway of the patients is not secured. The infusion of sedatives and analgesics should be individualized during MAC. Many procedures in and outside of the operating room, including eye surgery, otolaryngologic surgery, cardiovascular procedures, pain procedures, and endoscopy are performed with MAC to increase patient and operator satisfaction.
Webbing governance: global trends across national-level public agencies

veillance and command and control systems, themselves the offspring of earlier undersea cable systems that tied field commanders and diplomats to headquarters back home. Technology and organizations co-evolve in public bureaucracies as well, and although they often lag developments in the private sector, they are nonetheless vital to the structure, function, and goals of government, and ultimately to the character and quality of civic life. Interest in the effect of the Internet to revitalize democracy leads many observers to focus on the role of the new technologies on participation and interest group formation and representation. While such efforts are important, the role of the Internet and the Web
Stipulations, the consumer advocate and utility regulation in Florida

Relatively little is known about the practice of settlement rather than litigation in US utility regulation, or about the activities of consumer advocates. This paper presents evidence from Florida. During 1976-2002, over 30 per cent of earnings reviews were settled by stipulations involving the Office of Public Counsel but only 5 per cent of other cases. Over three quarters of the rate reductions associated with earnings reviews derived from these stipulations, and in the decade 1976-86 the proportion was over 95 per cent. The average value of a rate reduction was seven times higher with a stipulation than without. Only 1 per cent of the rate increases associated with company requests derived from stipulations. In these few cases the stipulation typically provided for a lower proportion of the requested rate increase than a litigated outcome allowed (about one third compared to one half). This research suggests that settlements deserve consideration in utility regulation generally, even outside the US context.
Cohomogeneity One Randers Metrics

Abstract An action of a Lie group $G$ on a smooth manifold $M$ is called cohomogeneity one if the orbit space ${M}/{G}\;$ is of dimension 1. A Finsler metric $F$ on $M$ is called invariant if $F$ is invariant under the action of $G$ . In this paper, we study invariant Randers metrics on cohomogeneity one manifolds. We first give a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of invariant Randers metrics on cohomogeneity one manifolds. Then we obtain some results on invariant Killing vector fields on the cohomogeneity one manifolds and use them to deduce some sufficient and necessary conditions for a cohomogeneity one Randers metric to be Einstein.
Physical Education Teacher Education

JOPERD • Volume 82 No. 7 • September 2011 W hat role can physical education teacher education (PETE) play to reduce the marginalization of physical education in K-12 schools? The solution to the issues outlined in the introduction to this feature— such as low status, a shifting focus, and a lack of clear content standards in physical education—needs a response from all stakeholders, including PETE, which must be substantially altered if we are to reduce the marginality of physical education in schools. Recently, teacher education has faced much criticism, and attention has been focused on the need to radically transform it (Darling-Hammond, 2010). The current political landscape, with 1 billion dollars promised by the Obama administration to fundamentally reform teacher education and development, favorably positions teacher education for a dramatic redesign. The time is right for PETE to engage in the transformation that has been advocated in the larger teacher education community. Strong PETE programs are essential to reducing the marginalization of physical education. They include an integrated clinical curriculum, as well as an instructive curriculum, partnerships between schools of education and public schools, professional development schools, and mentoring and support for new teachers as an extension of preservice teacher education. This article will briefly explore problems in PETE that have contributed to the marginalization of physical education and then describe possible solutions.
Alveolar Macrophages Prevent Lethal Influenza Pneumonia By Inhibiting Infection Of Type-1 Alveolar Epithelial Cells

The Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major human pathogen that produces significant morbidity and mortality. To explore the contribution of alveolar macrophages (AlvMΦs) in regulating the severity of IAV infection we employed a murine model in which the Core Binding Factor Beta gene is conditionally disrupted in myeloid cells. These mice exhibit a selective deficiency in AlvMΦs. Following IAV infection these AlvMΦ deficient mice developed severe diffuse alveolar damage, lethal respiratory compromise, and consequent lethality. Lethal injury in these mice resulted from increased infection of their Type-1 Alveolar Epithelial Cells (T1AECs) and the subsequent elimination of the infected T1AECs by the adaptive immune T cell response. Further analysis indicated AlvMΦ-mediated suppression of the cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) pathway genes in T1AECs in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of the cysLT pathway enzymes in a T1AECs cell line reduced the susceptibility of T1AECs to IAV infection, suggesting that AlvMΦ-mediated suppression of this pathway contributes to the resistance of T1AECs to IAV infection. Furthermore, inhibition of the cysLT pathway enzymes, as well as blockade of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors in the AlvMΦ deficient mice reduced the susceptibility of their T1AECs to IAV infection and protected these mice from lethal infection. These results suggest that AlvMΦs may utilize a previously unappreciated mechanism to protect T1AECs against IAV infection, and thereby reduce the severity of infection. The findings further suggest that the cysLT pathway and the receptors for cysLT metabolites represent potential therapeutic targets in severe IAV infection.
The Productivity Effects of Employee Stock-Ownership Plans and Bonuses: Evidence from Japanese Panel Data

The authors report the first results for Japanese firms on the effects of employee stock-ownership plans (ESOPs) and bonuses by estimating production functions using new panel data. They find that the introduction of an ESOP will lead to a 4-5 percent increase in productivity; this productivity payoff takes three to four years. There is a modest productivity gain from the bonus system. The authors also find evidence that the productivity effect of bonuses is enhanced by the existence of ESOPs, suggesting that ESOPs may create a climate conducive to profit-sharing by enhancing long-term commitment and peer monitoring. Copyright 1995 by American Economic Association.
Secondary Osteoporosis in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Bone disease in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is associated with focal (joint erosion and juxtaarticular osteopenia) and systemic bone loss (generalized osteopenia or reduction of bone mass density). Pathophysiology of bone loss is multifactorial and involves particularly proinflammatory cytokines and deleterious effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Clinical studies in patients with JIA indicate excessive activation of osteoclastogenesis and reduction of bone formation. Reduction of physical activity, muscle atrophy caused by high disease activity, and compulsory restriction in movements are also associated with bone loss. In patients with JIA, the disease can be complicated by growth cartilage involvement and systemic or local growth retardation. In the absence of preventive measures, fragility fractures can occur even at an early age.
Manic switch in a patient with treatment-resistant bipolar depression treated with modafinil.

Sir: A number of prospective open-label studies and case reports and 1 placebo-controlled study (showing a significant effect vs. placebo on the Clinical Global ImpressionsImprovement scale and positive trends in affective rating scales) suggest that the novel psychostimulant modafinil might be a useful augmentation treatment for depressive patients who are partially responsive or nonresponsive to antidepressants. 1‐5
Design of optimized reversible Binary and BCD adders

Reversible logic has emerged as a possible low cost alternative to conventional logic in terms of speed, power consumption and computing capability. An adder block is a very basic and essential component for any processor and optimized design of these adders' results in efficient processors. In this work we propose optimized Binary adders and BCD adders. The adders designed in this work are optimized for Quantum cost, Delay and Area. A modified BCD adder is also proposed which removes redundancy in the circuit and acts as most efficient BCD adder. Here we explore the use of Negative control lines for detecting overflow logic of BCD adder which considerably reduces Quantum cost, delay and gate count which result in high speed BCD adder with optimized area which give way to lot of scope in the field of reversible computing in near future.
Digital Predistortion for Power Amplifiers in Hybrid MIMO Systems with Antenna Subarrays

We consider digital predistortion (DPD) for linearizing power amplifiers (PAs) of hybrid MIMO systems with subarrays. Designing such a DPD scheme is difficult because one DPD should linearize all PAs of a subarray whose beamforming coefficients are time-varying. We develop an adaptive DPD technique for each subarray based on direct learning method minimizing the sum of squared errors between the input and output signals of PAs. Use of the least mean square (LMS) Newton algorithm is proposed to adaptively control the DPD parameters. It is shown that the proposed DPD can simultaneously linearize multiple PAs in a subarray irrespective of its beamforming coefficients. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can perform better than an alternative scheme that designs the DPD based on one of the PA outputs and uses the resulting DPD for all PAs of the subarray.
Scanning Dynamic Competitive Landscapes: A Market-based and Resource-based Framework

Heterogeneity among rivals implies that each firm faces a unique competitive set, despite overlapping market domains. This suggests the utility of a firm-level approach to competitor identification and analysis, particularly under dynamic environmental conditions. We take such an approach in developing a market-based and resource-based framework for scanning complex competitive fields. By facilitating a search for functional similarities among products and resources, the framework reveals relevant commonalities in an otherwise heterogeneous competitive set. Beyond its practical contribution, the paper also advances resource-based theory as a theory of competitive advantage. Most notably, we show that resource substitution conditions not only the sustainability of a competitive advantage, but the attainment of competitive advantage as well. With equifinality among resources of different types, the rareness condition for even temporary competitive advantage must include resource substitutes. It is not rareness in terms of resource type that matters, but rareness in terms of resource functionality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.