Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A process-oriented investigation of recruitment source effectiveness.

Two hypotheses explaining the causes of differences in recruitment source effectiveness, the realism of job information provided and the characteristics of individuals recruited, were tested on a sample of packaging plant employees. Seven recruitment sources used by the plant were found to differ in effectiveness as measured by attendance, performance and tenure. The hypothesis that recruitment sources differ because they reach individuals from different applicant populations received strongest support. Implications of the findings for future research and for organizational recruitment programs are discussed.
Current challenges in adherence to clinical guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery.

UNLABELLED To study the impact of guidelines on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in clinical practice, barriers involved in adherence to guidelines and how to overcome the same. METHODS Literature pertaining to prophylactic antibiotic usage was searched. Medscape, Medline, Cochrane, Surgical Infection Prevention (SIP) project databases were reviewed. Recent articles from relevant journals, texts, and standard guidelines were also studied. RESULTS Local guidelines seem more likely to be accepted and followed than those developed nationally. Major barriers involved in adherence to guidelines include lack of awareness about the guidelines, general perception of guideline as a bureaucratic rather than educational tool. Some practitioners perceive guidelines as "cookbook medicine" that does not permit them to make their own medical decisions. Other barriers are complex, multi-step systems that create confusion, decrease accountability. Methods for guideline adherence include surveillance and data analysis, new systems to facilitate documentation and improving workflow, education regarding current evidence-based guidelines and promoting the development of local guidelines or protocol, development and implementation of reminders to facilitate adherence to the local guidelines. CONCLUSION A multidisciplinary steering team of surgeons, infectious disease specialists, pharmacists, anesthesiologists, microbiologists and nurses should develop local guidelines suitable to their institution and methods for adherence to prevent the surgical site infections. The gap between evidence-based guidelines and practice must be addressed in order to achieve optimal practice in this domain.
AUTOMATIC ATTENTIONAL SHIFTS BY GAZE, GESTURES, AND SYMBOLS

Previous studies suggest that attention shift can be automatically triggered commonly by gaze and hand gestures of other individuals and symbols, but this idea remains controversial. We investigated this issue with two experiments using a cuing paradigm. The non-predictive cue was centrally presented before target presentation in the periphery. The cues were photographic stimuli indicating averted or neutral directions, which were expressed by eyes, a hand, or an arrow. Valid cues consistently shortened the reaction time needed to localize the targets compared with invalid or neutral cues for all three types of stimuli. These results suggest a common psychological mechanism for automatic attentional shift triggered by gaze, gestures, and symbols.
A fast transient outward current in the rat sympathetic neurone studied under voltage‐clamp conditions.

Post‐ganglionic neurones of the isolated rat superior cervical ganglion were voltage clamped at 37 degrees C using separate intracellular voltage and current micro‐electrodes. Control experiments in current clamp suggested that the neurone is electrotonically compact, the soma and the proximal dendritic membranes being under good spatial voltage uniformity. Depolarizing voltage steps from membrane potentials near ‐50 mV evoked: (i) a voltage‐dependent inward Na+ current, (ii) an inward Ca2+ current, (iii) a voltage‐dependent outward K+ current, (iv) a Ca2+‐activated K+ outward current. Depolarizations from holding potentials more negative than ‐60 mV elicited, besides the currents mentioned above, a fast transient outward current IA which peaked in 1‐2.5 ms and then decayed to zero following an exponential time course. The IA current was shown to be primarily, if not exclusively, carried by K+. It was unaffected by removal of external Ca2+ or addition of Cd2+ and was weakly blocked by tetraethylammonium ions and partially by 4‐aminopyridine. The IA current showed a linear instantaneous current‐voltage relationship. Its activation ranged from ‐60 to 0 mV with a mid‐point at ‐30 mV. The A conductance could be described in terms of a simple Boltzmann distribution for a single gating particle with a valency of +3. Both the development and removal of inactivation followed a single exponential time course with a voltage‐dependent time constant which was large near the resting potential (42 ms at ‐70 mV) and small (11 ms) near ‐100 and ‐40 mV. Steady‐state inactivation h infinity ranged from ‐100 to ‐50 mV, with a mid‐point at ‐78 mV, suggesting that approximately 50% of the IA channels are available at the physiological resting potential. Action potentials elicited from various holding potentials showed maximal repolarization rates dependent on the holding potential itself. This voltage dependence was found to be in reasonably good agreement with that of h infinity curve. These data are consistent with the view that in the rat sympathetic neurone, under physiological conditions, it is the IA current rather than the delayed outward current that is responsible for the fast action potential repolarization.
Estresse entre professoras do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas estaduais

Research identifies stress, symptomatology and its phases in government public school teachers of fundamental education working at state schools in an interior city of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. On e hundred and seventy- five teachers, comprising 70% of the Basic Educatio n professionals working in the municipality, partici pated in the study. Two data collection were employed: the Stress Symptom Inventory (SSI) and a questionnaire to characteriz e the researched population. Results show that 56.6% of teachers suff er from stress. Predominant symptoms comprise a worn-out sensation, constant tiredness, muscular tension and memory pro blems, excessive irritability, excessive tiredness, daily anxiety, constant thoughts on a single theme and irritability without any apparent cause.
Consequences of perceived food intolerance for welfare, lifestyle and food choice practices, in a community sample

The objective of this study was to investigate the consequences for lifestyle, welfare and dietary practices of perceiving food intolerance, in a community sample. Questionnaires enquiring about adverse symptoms attributed to foods and other agents were sent to randomly identified householders in diverse electoral wards in the Birmingham area. A total of 300 respondents with perceived food intolerance (PFI) were recruited for interview about their reactions to foods and effects on their welfare, lifestyle and dietary practices. Respondents who did not attribute any symptoms to a food ( n = 937) were designated controls and sent a mailed questionnaire, of which 529 were returned. PFIs were predominantly female, aged 45‐65 years, but there were no other demographic differences from controls. PFIs (32%) reported taking more time off work in the last year than did controls (19%) ( p < 0.001) and almost half of them had taken time off work at some time for food-related symptoms. Only 2% of PFIs felt their income had been affected by their food-related symptoms, although 5% did report higher dietary costs. Physical activity or daily routine was affected in 17% of PFIs. More PFIs (48%) than controls (35%) used food supplements ( p < 0.001), but PFIs were less likely than controls to check food labels (53% vs 71%) or to use supermarkets' nutritional literature (8% vs 21%) ( p < 0.001). Despite these differences, perception of food intolerance did not have substantial effects on welfare or lifestyle of those with food-attributed symptoms.
Local Membrane Deformations Activate Ca2+-Dependent K+ and Anionic Currents in Intact Human Red Blood Cells

Background The mechanical, rheological and shape properties of red blood cells are determined by their cortical cytoskeleton, evolutionarily optimized to provide the dynamic deformability required for flow through capillaries much narrower than the cell's diameter. The shear stress induced by such flow, as well as the local membrane deformations generated in certain pathological conditions, such as sickle cell anemia, have been shown to increase membrane permeability, based largely on experimentation with red cell suspensions. We attempted here the first measurements of membrane currents activated by a local and controlled membrane deformation in single red blood cells under on-cell patch clamp to define the nature of the stretch-activated currents. Methodology/Principal Findings The cell-attached configuration of the patch-clamp technique was used to allow recordings of single channel activity in intact red blood cells. Gigaohm seal formation was obtained with and without membrane deformation. Deformation was induced by the application of a negative pressure pulse of 10 mmHg for less than 5 s. Currents were only detected when the membrane was seen domed under negative pressure within the patch-pipette. K+ and Cl− currents were strictly dependent on the presence of Ca2+. The Ca2+-dependent currents were transient, with typical decay half-times of about 5–10 min, suggesting the spontaneous inactivation of a stretch-activated Ca2+ permeability (PCa). These results indicate that local membrane deformations can transiently activate a Ca2+ permeability pathway leading to increased [Ca2+]i, secondary activation of Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels (Gardos channel, IK1, KCa3.1), and hyperpolarization-induced anion currents. Conclusions/Significance The stretch-activated transient PCa observed here under local membrane deformation is a likely contributor to the Ca2+-mediated effects observed during the normal aging process of red blood cells, and to the increased Ca2+ content of red cells in certain hereditary anemias such as thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.
Physical and Psychological Aggression Toward a Child Among Homeless, Doubled-Up, and Other Low-Income Families

ABSTRACT This study examines the extent of adverse parenting behaviors among low-income families with children and determines whether housing instability, measured by homelessness and doubling up with relatives or friends due to economic hardship, increases the likelihood of physical and psychological aggression toward a child, after considering the contribution of other relevant characteristics. Using data from 3 waves of the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, this study followed 2,332 low-income children in 20 large U.S. cities. Multivariate analyses involved logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Adverse parenting behaviors were common among all low-income families regardless of whether they experienced housing instability. Nonetheless, mothers with a homeless or doubled-up episode reported higher rates of physically and psychologically aggressive behaviors toward a child compared with mothers in the housed group. Having a homeless episode was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of reporting a high level of physical aggression toward a child. Children's behavioral issues, maternal depression, and parental stress also contributed to adverse parenting behaviors. Findings suggest that housing instability can be a marker of adverse parenting behaviors and service professionals need to respond to parenting needs as well as housing needs for families in unstable housing. Areas of future research are discussed.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SALIVARY CORTISOL RESPONSES TO AN IMPROVISED SPEECH WITHOUT AN AUDIENCE: COMPARISON TO A REST CONDITION

Although it has been reported that making a speech without an audience does not cause a significant cortisol response, there is no study that compares no-audience speech to a rest condition. We randomly assigned Japanese female participants (n = 81) to three conditions: (a) making an improvised speech in front of an audience (audience condition); (b) making such a speech without an audience (no-audience condition); (c) merely listening to such a speech (rest condition). The no-audience condition elicited stronger negative psychological responses to the speech than the rest condition, but these response changes were smaller than those of the audience group. Salivary cortisol levels in the audience condition increased, but that of the no-audience condition decreased to levels not significantly different from that of the rest condition. These results showed that making an improvised speech without an audience causes psychological stress to some extent, but the response of cortisol is similar to the rest condition.
Drinking behavior among female high school students in central Thailand.

OBJECTIVE To study the drinking behavior and factors associated with drinking among female High School students in central Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted with 6,176 female students from central Thailand, who were classified into 2 groups according to their alcohol drinking practices in the past year (yes = 612, no = 5,564). Information was collected by an anonymous self-reporting questionnaire which consisted of 2 parts: socio-demographic factors, and alcohol drinking behavior during the past year from December 2007 to February 2008. Descriptive statistics, a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Of all these respondents 9.91% admitted to drinking alcohol. Most of the students were 15 years old or younger (61.80%). Univariate analysis revealed that socio-demographic factors such as age, educational level, residence, grade point average (GPA), having a job for earning money, and having family members with alcohol or drug problems were significantly associated with the student alcohol drinking (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, showed that only four factors were associated with alcohol consumption: the educational level (OR mathayomsuksa 5 = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.55-7.41; OR mathayomsuksa 3 = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.71-3.09), residence in a private dormitory (OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.01-10.27) and family members with alcohol or drug problems (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.43-2.08), and a GPA greater than 3 (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58-0.86) (p < 0.05). The following for drinking practices were considered as inappropriate drinking behavior (20% drank over 2 times a month, 40% drank greater than 2 standard drinks each time, nearly 47% had experienced binge drinking, and one third had experienced drunkenness). CONCLUSION The results suggested that preventive measures for alcohol abuse among female high school students should consider the educational level, residence within a private dormitory and family members with alcohol or drug problems. Continuous insistence regarding the disadvantages of alcohol to risk groups would reduce the proportion of new and current drinkers.
The stability and generalizability of young children's suggestibility over a 44-month interval

Abstract We discuss a 44-month longitudinal study of the stability of the two-factor Norwegian Book Suggestibility Scale for Children (BSSC; Melinder, Scullin, Gunnerød, & Nyborg, 2005) in a sample of 7-year-old children (M Time 2 age=94 months). Several measures of suggestibility were assessed: yielding to suggestive questions (Yield), shifting answers in response to negative feedback (Shift), the sum of Yield and Shift (Total Suggestibility), and suggestibility in response to open-ended and misleading direct and tag questions about an event experienced 44 months earlier. Results showed a moderate correlation for Total Suggestibility scores over time in spite of marked declines in Yield and Shift. Both Yield and Total Suggestibility were related to children's tendency to respond affirmatively to misleading tag questions about the past event. The two-factor model of suggestibility showed some weakening over time with a positive correlation developing between Yield and Shift.
The Effectiveness of Processing Instruction in L2 Grammar Acquisition: A Narrative Review

The past two decades have seen ample debate about processing instruction (PI) and its various components. In this article, we first describe what PI consists of and then address three questions: about the role of explicit information (EI) in PI, the difference between PI and teaching that incorporates production-based (PB) practice, and various factors that may moderate the impact of these treatments. Our review shows that while many studies find little difference between PI with and without EI and between PI and PB, the results vary depending on whether the comprehension practice (structured input; SI) is task-essential or not and whether the PB is communicative or not. Furthermore, PI tends to favor comprehension abilities and PB production abilities. This review also shows that almost all PI research so far has been very short-term and limited to a narrow range of structures and populations, typically American college students learning a foreign language. Therefore the implications that some have drawn from the PI literature, namely, that neither EI nor production practice help beyond SI, are still far from generalizable.
Multilevel Interaction Models and Their Use in the Analysis of Large-Scale School Effectiveness Studies.

ABSTRACT In the present paper we discuss the merits of a general multilevel approach to model analysis of large scale school effectiveness studies. We briefly review previous research framework which have been used in school effectiveness research and examine critically the assumptions on which they were based and the methodological implications of these assumptions. The general interaction models presented in this paper provide an answer to many of these critiques. Findings from different types of modeling supported the claim that the modeling of school effectiveness studies must be both multilevel and interactive. Achievement is found to be dependent in a very sensitive, non‐additive way, on the particular combination of pupil's home background, his or her general ability, teaching style and other teacher characteristics, the class and the school context in which the pupil learns. Comparisons between parsimonious main effect models with parsimonious interactive ones show that although the explanatory po.
A novel IL‐1 receptor, cloned from B cells by mammalian expression, is expressed in many cell types.

cDNA clones corresponding to an Mr approximately 80,000 receptor (type I receptor) for interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) have been isolated previously by mammalian expression. Here, we report the use of an improved expression cloning method to isolate human and murine cDNA clones encoding a second type (Mr approximately 60,000) of IL‐1 receptor (type II receptor). The mature type II IL‐1 receptor consists of (i) a ligand binding portion comprised of three immunoglobulin‐like domains; (ii) a single transmembrane region; and (iii) a short cytoplasmic domain of 29 amino acids. This last contrasts with the approximately 215 amino acid cytoplasmic domain of the type I receptor, and suggests that the two IL‐1 receptors may interact with different signal transduction pathways. The type II receptor is expressed in a number of different tissues, including both B and T lymphocytes, and can be induced in several cell types by treatment with phorbol ester. Both IL‐1 receptors appear to be well conserved in evolution, and map to the same chromosomal location. Like the type I receptor, the human type II IL‐1 receptor can bind all three forms of IL‐1 (IL‐1 alpha, IL‐1 beta and IL‐1ra). Vaccinia virus contains an open reading frame bearing strong resemblance to the type II IL‐1 receptor.
Legitimation and Identification in Kazakhstan

This article analyzes Kazakhstan's contested process of nation- and state-building through a closer examination of the links between legitimation and identity. A wider Weberian emphasis on how the elite relates itself to the broader relationship between rulers and ruled illuminates the difficulties Kazakhstan's elite has encountered in providing both a collective identity and one of self. This complex symbiotic relationship between self-legitimation, legitimation and identification is explained in terms of the economy, polity and perceptions of the Soviet order.
Simultaneous Extensive Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct and Pancreas: A Very Rare Entity

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a specific type of bile duct tumor. It has been proposed that it could be the biliary counterpart of the intraductal papillary neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN-P). This hypothesis is supported by the presence of simultaneous intraductal tumors of both the bile duct and pancreas. There have been five reports of patients with simultaneous IPNB and IPMN-P. In all of these cases, biliary involvement was limited to the intrahepatic and perihilar bile duct, which had characteristics similar to IPMN-P and usually had slow progression in nature. Herein, we present the first case of extensive intraductal neoplasm involving the extrahepatic bile duct, intrahepatic bile duct, and entire length of the pancreas with a poor outcome, even after being treated aggressively with radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Additionally, we summarize previous case reports of simultaneous intraductal lesions of the bile duct and pancreas.
Is lower uterine segment involvement a prognostic factor in endometrial cancer?

BACKGROUND/AIM The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of lower uterine segment (LUS) involvement in endometrial cancer (EC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the patients who were operated at our institution between July 2007 and March 2015 with the diagnosis of EC. Tumors localized in the corpus and involving the LUS or localized entirely in the LUS formed Group A, while tumors in the uterine corpus without LUS involvement formed Group B. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival of the patients were compared in both groups. RESULTS A total of 500 patients were included in the study. There were 139 patients who had tumors involving the LUS and formed Group A, while 361 patients with endometrial tumors in the uterine corpus without LUS involvement formed Group B. We did not detect a significant difference between survival of the patients in group A and group B (78 months vs. 87 months, respectively; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION We found that LUS involvement was not an independent prognostic factor for poor survival, but it is associated with other poor prognostic factors such as deep myometrial invasion, uterine serosal involvement, lymphovascular space invasion, lymph node metastasis and higher FIGO grade.
Surface Fermi-level position and gap state distribution of InGaP surface grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy

Electronic properties of “free” n-In0.49Ga0. 51P surfaces grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy were directly characterized using the contactless capacitance–voltage technique. The HCl-treated surface showed a wide and continuous distribution of surface state density (Dss) in energy with relatively low densities, leading to no pronounced Fermi-level pinning effect on the surface. The minimum Dss value was determined to be 8×1011 cm−2 eV−1. The surface Fermi-level position was found at 1.2 eV above the valence band maximum, consistent with the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results.