Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-circular side-emitting fibers for directed lighting

We present a novel fiber type with a trilobal, non-circular cross section. The fiber is designed for illumination purposes with a special shape in order to form a distinct asymmetrical radiation pattern, which can be used to concentrate light on particular locations in order to cure resins or polymers but can also find its applications for illumination purposes.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive‐aged women and is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, menstrual dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The hormonal abnormalities inherent in PCOS often begin in adolescence and include hyperinsulinemia and rapid luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency, both of which mediate ovarian and adrenal overproduction of androgens. Although differences exist regarding the diagnostic criteria for PCOS, we believe that hyperandrogenemia is the final common pathway for the development of adolescent PCOS, and we propose a hypothesis to illustrate such. Recognizing and reducing androgen levels in adolescence is critical given their association with the metabolic syndrome (MBS), diabetes, and infertility in adulthood.
Process for preparing melamine from urea

As at a high temperature to a method for preparing melamine from urea, in the presence of a catalyst, The gaseous product stream (gaseous product stream) by the above method are obtained, and the resulting gas product stream is a cooling zone (cooling zone) the liquid coolant (liquid coolant) and the contact, and cleaning section by applying an extra cooling step in (scrubbing section ) it characterized in that to lower the temperature.
Nanoarchitecture of scaffolds and endothelial cells in engineering small diameter vascular grafts

Regeneration of functional small diameter blood vessels still remains a challenge, as the synthetic vascular grafts fail to mimic the complex structural architecture and dynamic functions of blood vessels and also lack with the lack of non‐thrombogenicity. Although, the existence of nanofibrous extracellular matrix components in the native tissue promotes many physical and molecular signals to the endothelial cells for the regulation of morphogenesis, homeostasis, and cellular functions in vascular tissue, poor understanding of the structural architecture on the functional activation of appropriate genes limits the development of successful vascular graft design. Hence, the present review outlines the functional contributions of various nanofibrous extracellular matrix components in native blood vessels. Further, the review focuses on the role of nanofiber topography of biomaterial scaffolds in endothelial cell fate processes such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, and infiltration with the expression of vasculature specific genes; thereby allowing the reader to envisage the communication between the nano‐architecture of scaffolds and endothelial cells in engineering small diameter vascular grafts.
The centromere-kinetochore complex: a repeat subunit model

The three-dimensional structure of the kinetochore and the DNA/protein composition of the centromere-kinetochore region was investigated using two novel techniques, caffeine-induced detachment of unreplicated kinetochores and stretching of kinetochores by hypotonic and/or shear forces generated in a cytocentrifuge. Kinetochore detachment was confirmed by EM and immunostaining with CREST autoantibodies. Electron microscopic analyses of serial sections demonstrated that detached kinetochores represented fragments derived from whole kinetochores. This was especially evident for the seven large kinetochores in the male Indian muntjac that gave rise to 80-100 fragments upon detachment. The kinetochore fragments, all of which interacted with spindle microtubules and progressed through the entire repertoire of mitotic movements, provide evidence for a subunit organization within the kinetochore. Further support for a repeat subunit model was obtained by stretching or uncoiling the metaphase centromere-kinetochore complex by hypotonic treatments. When immunostained with CREST autoantibodies and subsequently processed for in situ hybridization using synthetic centromere probes, stretched kinetochores displayed a linear array of fluorescent subunits arranged in a repetitive pattern along a centromeric DNA fiber. In addition to CREST antigens, each repetitive subunit was found to bind tubulin and contain cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule motor localized in the zone of the corona. Collectively, the data suggest that the kinetochore, a plate-like structure seen by EM on many eukaryotic chromosomes is formed by the folding of a linear DNA fiber consisting of tandemly repeated subunits interspersed by DNA linkers. This model, unlike any previously proposed, can account for the structural and evolutional diversity of the kinetochore and its relationship to the centromere of eukaryotic chromosomes of many species.
Size distributions of non-volatile particle residuals (Dp

Atmospheric aerosol particle size distributions at a continental background site in Eastern Germany were examined for a one-year period. Particles were classiﬁed using a twin di ﬀ erential mobility particle sizer in a size range between 3 and 800 nm. As a novelty, every second measurement of this experiment involved the removal of volatile 5 chemical compounds in a thermodenuder at 300 ◦ C. This concept allowed to quantify the number size distribution of non-volatile particle cores – primarily associated with elemental carbon, and to compare this to the original ambient size distribution. A general result was that practically every ambient particle in continental background air contained a non-volatile core. The volume fraction of non-volatile particulate matter 10 (ambient D p < 800 nm) varied between 10 and 30% and was largely consistent with the experimentally determined mass fraction of elemental carbon. The average size of the non-volatile particle cores was estimated as a function of original ambient size using a summation method, which showed that larger particles ( > 200 nm) contained more non-volatile compounds than smaller particles ( < 50 nm), thus indicating a signiﬁcantly 15 di ﬀ erent chemical composition. Two alternative air mass classiﬁcation schemes based on either, synoptic chart analysis (Berliner Wetterkarte) or back trajectories showed, that the volume and number fractions of non-volatile cores were less dependent on air mass than the absolute concentrations in the particle size distributions. In all air masses, the non-volatile size distributions showed a more and a less volatile (“soot”) 20 mode, which is located in the size range of about 50 nm. During unstable conditions and in maritime air masses, smaller values were observed compared to continental or stable conditions. This reﬂects the signiﬁcant emissions of non-volatile material over the continent and, depending on atmospheric stratiﬁcation, increased concentrations at ground level.
A precise, simple, convenient and new method for estimation of intracranial hematoma volume–the formula 2/3Sh

Abstract Objectives: The formula 1/2abc was a relatively reliable technique for the estimation of mostly intracranial hematoma volume, but its accuracy was prone to be affected by some particular shapes of hematoma, such as multinodular, separated and so on. In this work, we aimed to validate a more accurate method for the estimation of intracranial hematoma volume, which were free limitations of axial slices shapes. Methods: We investigated the computed tomography (CT) scans of 186 patients with intracranial hematoma. The volume values of 186 intracranial hematomas were respectively assessed using five different methods. Results: For the formula 2/3Sh, the excellent correlation coefficient obtained using Pearson and Spearman's coefficients were 0.990 and 0.990, respectively. Meanwhile, the estimated intracranial hematoma volume using the formula 2/3Sh was fairly precise, with a <1% (−0.00±0.14, p>0.05) underestimation. However, the intracranial hematoma volume values were estimated by the formulas 1/2abc, Tada and 1/3abc, in comparison with the gold standard (43.16±37.55 ml), were 45.98±39.97 ml (p>0.05) with a 5% (0.05±0.25, p<0.05) overestimation, 48.12±41.84 ml (p>0.05) with 10% (0.10±0.26, p<0.05) overestimation and 30.65±26.65 ml (p<0.05) with a nearly 29% (−0.29±0.16, p<0.05) underestimation, respectively. Discussions: Owing to the area, length and width of the largest axial hematoma slice clearly marked in CT imaging, the formula 2/3Sh in comparison with other methods was a precise, simple and convenient estimation technique.
Dengue in India

Dengue virus belongs to family Flaviviridae, having four serotypes that spread by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. It causes a wide spectrum of illness from mild asymptomatic illness to severe fatal dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue-risk regions with about 100 million new cases each year worldwide. The cumulative dengue diseases burden has attained an unprecedented proportion in recent times with sharp increase in the size of human population at risk. Dengue disease presents highly complex pathophysiological, economic and ecologic problems. In India, the first epidemic of clinical dengue-like illness was recorded in Madras (now Chennai) in 1780 and the first virologically proved epidemic of dengue fever (DF) occurred in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Eastern Coast of India in 1963-1964. During the last 50 years a large number of physicians have treated and described dengue disease in India, but the scientific studies addressing various problems of dengue disease have been carried out at limited number of centres. Achievements of Indian scientists are considerable; however, a lot remain to be achieved for creating an impact. This paper briefly reviews the extent of work done by various groups of scientists in this country.
Did Subjectivity Play a Role in CDO Credit Ratings?

Analyzing 916 CDOs, we find that a top credit rating agency frequently made positive adjustments beyond its main model that amounted to 12.1% larger AAA tranche sizes. These adjustments are difficult to explain by likely determinants, but exhibit a clear pattern: CDOs with smaller model-implied AAA sizes receive larger adjustments. CDOs with larger adjustments experience more severe subsequent downgrading. Additionally, prior to April 2007, 91.2% of AAA rated CDOs only comply with the credit rating agency’s own AA default rate standard. Accounting for adjustments and the criterion deviation indicates that AAA tranches were on average structured to BBB support levels.
Contour vs Non-Contour based Word Segmentation from Handwritten Text Lines: an Experimental Analysis

This paper compares contour based and noncontours based techniques for extracting words from unconstrained handwritten text lines. Proposed novel approach is based on contours of the words rather only considering threshold for inter-word gaps as previous studies. In this approach, contour of each word is examined along with threshold for inter-word gaps to extract words with high confidence. Unlike previous studies, preprocessing technique is not applied, that enhance the speed significantly. Furthermore, a simple technique for punctuation detection is proposed to increase accuracy of word extraction. For fair comparison text lines are taken randomly from IAM benchmark database and threshold calculation is kept same for all techniques. Experiments thus performed, exhibit improved results and speed over the conventional word extraction methods. Furthermore, developed techniques and results are compared with the other approaches available in the literature using same benchmark database.
Exploring the Perceptions of the Offender-Officer Relationship in a Community Supervision Setting

This study explores the impact of the Effective Practices in Community Supervision (EPICS) model on offender perceptions of their collaborative working relationships with supervising probation or parole officers. The data in this study was collected as part of an EPICS project at the University of Cincinnati. The results examine the nature and quality of offender perceptions of their probation or parole officers based on officer training status (i.e., trained versus untrained officers) and officer adherence to the EPICS model (i.e., high-fidelity versus low-fidelity officers). The results also examine the influence of offender perceptions on the likelihood of rearrest. Policy implications and recommendations for future research are outlined.
Goal, Soft-goal and Quality Requirement

Requirements are input for the process of building software. Depending on the development methodology, they are usually classified into several subclasses of requirements. Traditional approaches distinguish between functional and non-functional requirements and the modern goal-based approaches use hard-goals and soft-goals to describe requirements. While non-functional requirements are known also as quality requirements, neither hard-goals nor softgoals are equivalent to quality requirements. Due to the abstractness of quality requirements, they are usually described as soft-goals but soft-goals are not necessarily quality requirements. In this paper, we propose a way to clear the problematic ambiguity between soft-goals and quality requirements in goal-based context. We try to reposition the notion of quality requirement in the relations to hard-goals and soft-goals. This allows us to decompose a soft-goal into a set of hard-goals (required functions) and quality requirements (required qualities of function). The immediate applications of this analysis are quality-aware development methodologies for multi-agent systems among which QTropos is an example.
C-Reactive Protein Increases BBB Permeability: Implications for Obesity and Neuroinflammation

Background/Aims: Acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP), elevated in obesity and inflammation, is a major binding protein for leptin. It is thought that CRP contributes to leptin resistance by preventing leptin from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we determined how CRP interacts with the BBB and whether it deters leptin from reaching CNS targets. Methods: BBB permeability, compartmental distribution, tracer stability, and expression of tight junction protein and inflammatory marker were determined. Results: CRP was stable in blood, but did not permeate the BBB in trace amounts. However, it increased paracellular permeability at a higher dose. Agouti viable (Avy) mice with adult-onset obesity show higher CRP entry into the brain. CRP did not permeate hCMEC/D3 cells nor change zona occludin-1 or cyclooxygenase-2 expression. An intermediate dose of CRP had no effect on leptin transport across the BBB after co-treatment. Thus, acute interactions between CRP and leptin at the BBB level were negligible and did not explain the leptin resistance seen in obesity. Conclusions: The interactions of CRP and the BBB are a two-phase process, with increased paracellular permeability at a high dose that enables its entry into the CNS and serves to induce reactive gliosis and impair CNS function.
Splitting Logics

This paper addresses the question of factoring a logic into families of (generally simpler) components, estimating the top– down perspective, splitting, versus the bottom–up, splicing. Three methods are carefully analyzed and compared: possible–translations semantics, nondeterministic semantics and plain ﬁbring (joint with its particularization, direct union of matrices). The possibilities of inter–deﬁnability between these methods are also examined. Finally, applications to some well–known logic systems are given and their signiﬁcance evaluated.
Cucurbita moschata Duch. and its active component, β-carotene effectively promote the immune responses through the activation of splenocytes and macrophages

Abstract Cucurbita moschata Duch. has long been used for traditional health food in many countries. However, to enhance the immune system of Cucurbita moschata Duch. and its major component, β-carotene is not clear. Here, we determined the immune enhancement effect of Cucurbita moschata Duch. and β-carotene in mouse splenocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. We prepared baked Cucurbita moschata Duch. (Sweetme Sweet PumpkinTM, SSP) and steamed Cucurbita moschata Duch. (SC). Splenocytes isolated from the spleen of BALB/c mice were treated with SSP, SC, and β-carotene for 24 h. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with recombinant interferon-γ (rIFN-γ) for 6 h before treatment with SSP, SC, or β-carotene. SSP, SC and β-carotene significantly up-regulated the proliferation of splenocyte and mRNA expression of KI-67. The levels of interleukin-2 and IFN-γ were up-regulated by SSP, SC, or β-carotene in the splenocytes. SC and β-carotene also increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the splenocytes. In addition, SSP, SC, or β-carotene significantly increased the levels of TNF-α through the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-κB and phosphorylation of IκBα in the rIFN-γ-primed RAW 264.7 cells. These data indicate that Cucurbita moschata Duch. and β-carotene may have an immune-enhancing effect through the production of Th1 cytokines by activation of splenocytes and macrophages.
Do women with cancer have better survival as compared to men after adjusting for staging distribution?

BACKGROUND Gender aspects in medicine are receiving increasing attention, namely also in oncology. For this reason, we decided to investigate whether for solid cancer sites women have better survival outcome than do men in the population of Tyrol, Austria. METHODS We conducted an observational population-based study in Tyrol. All solid cancer sites excluding non-melanoma skin cancer and sex-specific sites were analysed in total and all specific sites with more than 500 patients in the analysis. By the end of 2006, follow-up was ended. We applied a relative excess risk model, thus correcting for differences in life expectancy between women and men. RESULTS For all cancer sites combined, after adjusting for case mix, women had a relative excess risk of 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99). For the following sites our analysis resulted in a relative excess risk statistically different from 1, namely for women as compared to men: head and neck without larynx 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.93), stomach 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.97) and lung 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.90). CONCLUSION In a healthcare system with free access to diagnostics and therapy, after adjusting for staging distribution female cancer patients have a lesser excess mortality risk than do men for lung, stomach and head and neck cancer and also for all cancer sites combined after adjusting for case mix.
Domino Flaps for Repairing of Secondary Bilateral Cleft Lip With Severe Columella Deformity

Abstract The patients with secondary bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity always suffer from a serious part of the horizontal and vertical soft tissue deficiencies in the upper lip and nose, especially the columella. Normally, the Abbe flap is used to increase the soft tissue volume of upper lip. However, how to reconstruct the sever columella deficient, how to make full use of the Abbe flap and the remaining soft tissue of the upper lip, are always the problems that need to be solved by plastic surgeons. Twenty-nine patients with secondary bilateral cleft lip and severe columella deficiency were simultaneously reconstructed with several local flaps like dominos that was called “Domino sliding flaps. ” Six of the patients had their nasal tip and dorsum or collumella augmented and modified with autologous costal cartilage at the same time. The other 23 patients underwent the autologous auricular cartilage augmentation. The patients were followed from 15 months to 50 months. No secondary deformation occurred in any of the patients. 93.1% patients were satisfied with the aesthetics postoperatively, 89.7% patients were satisfied with the incision and donor site scar. Among them, 3 of the patients got hypertrophic scar on the upper lip and were modified 1 year after their first operations. The operational technique of the domino sliding flaps could better play the role of the Abbe flap. It also gave plastic surgeons an effective method to modify the severe deformities of bilateral cleft lip in 1 stage.
Correlation between anti‐JC‐virus and anti‐cytomegalovirus, ‐Epstein–Barr virus and ‐measles/‐rubella/‐varicella–zoster‐virus antibodies

Anti‐JCV antibody status is used for PML‐risk‐stratification in MS patients before and during Natalizumab therapy. JCV antibodies can be detected in around 60% of MS patients, however, only a small proportion actually develop PML. As anti‐viral antibodies tend to occur unspecifically, the aim of this study was to correlate JCV antibody status and index with other common anti‐viral antibodies. A total of 123 samples of MS‐patients were tested for anti‐JCV antibodies by JCV‐Stratify‐ELISA at Unilabs, Denmark. The same samples were analyzed for measles, rubella, varicella zoster, EBV, and CMV IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA, or chemiluminescence‐microparticle immunoassay. For all antibody‐titers correlations were calculated and group comparisons of JCV‐positive and ‐negative patients were performed. Fifty‐three patients (43.1%) were JCV negative and 70 (56.9%) positive. CMV‐IgM antibodies were detected in six patients. Otherwise no IgM antibodies were detected. IgG antibodies against measles, rubella, varicella zoster, and EBV were detected in ≥97% of patients and 47 samples (38.2%) tested positive for CMV‐IgG. There was no significant correlation between any of the antibody titers including JCV index, however, a significantly higher prevalence (P = 0.003) of CMV‐IgG in JCV positive compared to JCV negative patients, whereas no difference was detected for measles, rubella, varicella zoster, and EBV IgG. In conclusion, the JCV antibody response in MS patients seems to be largely independent of any other anti‐viral immunity. The only coincidence was found with CMV IgG antibodies which might point towards some immunological cross‐reactivity in anti‐viral immune response or other mechanisms leading to combined viral infections such as shared transmission. J. Med. Virol. 89:3–9, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of Parenting Styles on Adolescent Alcohol Use: The TRAILS Study

Aims: To investigate the influence of parenting styles (overprotection, emotional warmth, and rejection) in early adolescence on regular alcohol use in late adolescence. Methods: We analyzed data from the first three waves (mean ages: 11.09, 13.56, and 16.27 years, respectively) of a population-based prospective cohort study of 2,230 adolescents, conducted between 2001 and 2007. Adolescents reported on parental overprotection, emotional warmth, and rejection (T1). Regular alcohol use was defined as six and seven glasses or more a week for girls and boys, respectively. We further assessed family socioeconomic status, parental divorce, parental alcohol use, educational level of the adolescent, and alcohol use at baseline. Results: Parental overprotection had the strongest relationship to regular alcohol use: adolescents who perceived more parental overprotection were at increased risk of developing regular alcohol use, even after adjustment for several confounders. Rejection was not related to adolescents’ alcohol use and, after adjustment for the other variables, neither was emotional warmth. Conclusion: Overprotective parenting is a determinant of future regular adolescent alcohol use and therefore health professionals should pay particular attention to those adolescents who have overprotective parents. The role of adolescent characteristics in the relationship between overprotection and alcohol use deserves further study.