Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GC/MASS ANALYSIS OF THE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF P. HYRCANICUM DIETHYL ETHER EXTRACT AND GC PROFILING OF SOME IRANIAN POLYGONUM SPECIES

In this study, the relationship among four species of Polygonum (including P. hyrcanicum (three samples), P. persicaria, P. avicular, and P. hydropiper) was investigated by GC profiling. Furthermore, the major compounds of the ethylic ether extract of P. hyrcanicum were identified by GC/MS as: �. -bisabolol (17.5%), cedrol (15.9%), sesquisabinene hydrate (13.0%), �. -elemol (10.5%) and trans-longipinocarveol (10.1%). All the identified compounds were sesquiterpenes and no monoterpene, fatty acid and/or hydrocarbone were detected in the extract. Chemical distances among the mentioned species were calculated in order to construct the dendrogram of closely related samples. Results indicated that the distance between two samples of P. hyrcanicum was considered to be short and their GC profiles were quite similar to each other and also there was a close relationship between the two samples of Polygonum with P. avicular. P. hydropiper was observed far from the two samples of P. hyrcanicum in comparison to other samples. Interestingly, P. hyrcanicum, gathered from Veresk, had no close relationship with other pairs of P. hyrcanicum.The results of this study support the phylogenetic relationships among these Polygonum species which was previously reported.
Reduction of teeter angle excursions for a two-bladed downwind rotor using cyclic pitch control “ EWEC 2007 Conference

During the design of a two-bladed turbine a very important load reducing feature is the teeter mechanism. This mechanism enables a free rigid body motion of the blades relative to the hub in such a way that bending moments between rotor and hub are removed around the teeter axis. Due to the practical issues such as the clearance between blade tip and tower, the teeter angles must be limited as much as possible. In classical literature this is recommended by using a delta-3 coupling – a changed orientation of the teeter axis that results in a direct coupling between teeter angle and blade pitch. In this paper the basic principals of the teeter mechanism as well as the influence of delta-3 coupling are briefly presented. Three alternative methods to limit the teeter excursion are presented and evaluated. Both methods are based on cyclic pitch through the pitch servo system. The first method is based on a PI-control of the measured teeter angle and the second is based on the measured teeter angle velocity whereas the third is a combination of the two. All methods enable the full load reducing facilities as the original teetering system without delta-3, but show a significant reduction of teeter angle excursion during normal operation and extreme gust situations. The interaction of the teeter based cyclic pitch controller and the teeter dynamics is investigated and tuning methods for the controllers are presented. The simulations are performed with the multibody based aero elastic code HAWC2, which is state-ofthe-art within aero elastic modelling of wind turbines. The turbine used in the simulations is a fictitious twobladed downwind edition of the pitch regulated 5MW reference turbine used in the IEA Annex 23 benchmark. The two-bladed turbine The turbine is based on the fictitious 5MW pitch regulated fictitious turbine used in the IEA Annex 23 benchmark project [1]. This turbine is a 3-bladed turbine and therefore changed into a two bladed for the investigation in this paper. The most important part of the conversion to a two-bladed turbine is to keep a constant solidity by scaling the blade chord by a factor of 1.5. This ensures that the overall performance is identical for the two turbines except for the tip loss effect [2], which is slightly higher for the two-bladed compared to a three-bladed turbine. It also enables the use of the original collective pitch controller for power regulation. Further on, the turbine is converted to a down wind configuration in order to increase the tip to tower clearance, see Figure 1. The rotor diameter is 126m and the tower height 90m. Figure 1: Illustration of original 3-bladed and corresponding 2-bladed turbine. The two-bladed turbine is in a downwind configuration. Since the blade chord is scaled by a factor of 1.5 the stiffness properties also change accordingly. If we assume that the blade is built with a main spar as illustrated in Figure 2 the section modulus is roughly speaking proportional to the thickness, height and width of the spar (3).
An Understanding of Mechanical Behaviour and Damage Mechanism in Elastomers using X-Ray Computed Tomography at Several Scales

The study of microstructural network and damage mechanism of polymer and rubber, although deceptively simple, involves a complex interplay between material properties and service conditions. In fact, the occurrence of defects such as the initiation and the growth of cavitation in rubber specimens in working conditions is an important problem. This deals with the improvement of microstructure in order to obtain a higher service capacity. The scope of the present paper is, therefore, to evaluate principal mechanisms, in-situ observation of damage at mesoscopic, microscopic and macroscopic levels by using c-ray computed tomography (CT) installed in the ITMA research centre for confirming the behaviour of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butyl rubber (SBR) specimens used in automotive and aeronautical fields.
Potential for Using Acetic Acid Plus Pear Ester Combination Lures to Monitor Codling Moth in an SIT Program

Studies were conducted in commercial apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada, to determine whether lures combining ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, pear ester (PE), with either acetic acid (AA) or sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone), might improve monitoring of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in an area-wide programme integrating sterile insect technology (SIT) and mating disruption (MD). Catches of sterile and wild codling moths were compared in apple orchards receiving weekly delivery of sterile moths (1:1 sex ratio) using white delta traps baited with either AA or PE alone, and in combination. Sterile and wild codling moths responded similarly to these kairomone lures. For each moth sex and type (sterile and wild), AA-PE lures were significantly more attractive than AA or PE alone. Bisexual catches with AA-PE lures were compared with those of commercial bisexual lures containing 3 mg of codlemone plus 3 mg of PE (Pherocon CM-DA Combo lure, Trécé Inc., Adair, OK, USA), and to catches of males with standard codlemone-loaded septa used in SIT (1 mg) and MD (10 mg) programmes, respectively. CM-DA lures caught the greatest number of sterile and wild male moths in orchards managed with SIT alone, or combined with MD, whereas AA-PE lures caught 2–3× more females than CM-DA lures under both management systems. Sterile to wild (S:W) ratios for male versus female moths in catches with AA-PE lures were equivalent, whereas in the same orchards, male S:W ratios were significantly greater than female S:W ratios when measured with CM-DA lures. Male S:W ratios measured with CM-DA lures were similar to those with codlemone lures. CM-DA and codlemone lures appear to overestimate S:W ratios as measured by AA-PE lures, probably by attracting relatively more sterile males from long range. Using AA-PE lures to monitor codling moths in an SIT programme removes fewer functional sterile males and reduces the need for trap maintenance compared with using codlemone lures. AA-PE lures allow detection of wild female moths that may measure damage potential more accurately than detection of wild males. The short-range activity of AA-PE lures compared with that of codlemone-based lures appears to improve the ability to measure S:W ratios and the impact of SIT on population control near the site where wild moths are trapped.
Understanding Object Relations in Traffic Scenes

An autonomous vehicle has to be able to perceive and understand its environment. At perception level objects are detected and classified using raw sensory data, while at situation interpretation level high-level object knowledge, like object relations, is required. In order to make a step towards bridging this gap between lowlevel perception and scene understanding we combine computer vision models with the probabilistic logic formalism Markov logic. The proposed approach allows for joint inference of object relations between all object pairs observed in a traffic scene, explicitly taking into account the scene context. Experimental results based on simulated data as well as on automatically segmented traffic videos from an on-board stereo camera platform are provided.
Measuring Cancer Clinical Trial Understanding

Researchers, practitioners, and participants in cancer clinical trials must have a clear understanding of clinical trials if participation in them is to be solicited ethically and effectively. A valid and reliable measure of cancer clinical trial understanding did not exist prior to a 2005 study conducted for the Coalition of Cooperative Cancer Groups. This report outlines a measure derived from that study, discusses the rationale for its component items, examines its psychometric properties, and demonstrates the relationship of this measure to the enrollment decision. Data from national samples of cancer survivors and the general public demonstrate the measure's validity and reliability. Results are discussed as they relate to patient understanding of clinical trials, informed decision making, and health communication processes.
Dielectric relaxation and optical properties of polyvinyl chloride/lead monoxide nanocomposites

Sol–gel synthesized lead monoxide (PbO) nanoparticles were mixed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The dielectric characteristics of PVC/PbO nancomposite films were studied in the temperature range 303–408 K and frequency range 30 kHz–3 MHz. There is a sharp increase in the dielectric constant (e′), after the glass transition temperature. According to the temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric loss modulus (M″), the observed αa-relaxation peak is due to the micro-Brownian motion of the polymer main chains. The behavior of σac (f) for the composite films indicate that the homogenous distribution of PbO nanoparticles allows the formation of conductive three-dimensional networks throughout the nanocomposite films which assisting the charge carriers to hop from conducting clusters to neighbors. The influences of PbO content on the direct optical band gap and the refractive index of the films are also discussed and compared with those of previous studies of PVC composites. POLYM. COMPOS. , 34:2031–2039, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Performance of indicators derived from abundance estimates for detecting the impact of fishing on a fish community

Population and community indicators for the impact of fishing are often estimated using abundance estimates instead of raw sampling observations. Methods are presented for testing null hypotheses of nonsignificant impacts and, where possible, for calculating the statistical power. The indicators considered concern populations (intrinsic growth rate, total mortality, exploitation rate, and a new indicator, the change in fishing mortality required to reverse population growth) and communities (k- and partial-dominance curves, a biodiversity index, size spectrum, and proportions of various population groups). The performance of these indicators is compared for the Celtic Sea groundfish community based on achieved precision, statistical power, and availability and estimation method of reference points. Among population indicators, mean length of catch was most precisely estimated and the corresponding hypothesis tests had consistently large powers. Total mortality performed reasonably well. In contrast, both .
Kinetics and thermal characterization of thermoset cure

The differential scanning calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer DSC-1) is used to characterize the cure of a general-purpose polyester during isothermal and scanning experiments. The technique is based on a new proposed model for the kinetics of isothermal cure. The model yields results which are in good agreement with experimental isothermal rate of reaction and integral heat of reaction data. It also gives some information about the residual reactivity of the sample after an isothermal cure experiment. With the aid of the proposed kinetic model, it is possible to obtain integral heats of reaction and rates of heat generation at different temperatures during a scanning experiment. The difference between the rate of heat input to the sample and the heat of reaction at any instant during scanning may be used to calculate the specific heat of the sample at the same instant. Specific heat data show two maxima during each scanning experiment. These maxima may be associated with transitions occurring during cure in the melt and rubbery states.
Labeled LDA: A supervised topic model for credit attribution in multi-labeled corpora

A significant portion of the world's text is tagged by readers on social bookmarking websites. Credit attribution is an inherent problem in these corpora because most pages have multiple tags, but the tags do not always apply with equal specificity across the whole document. Solving the credit attribution problem requires associating each word in a document with the most appropriate tags and vice versa. This paper introduces Labeled LDA, a topic model that constrains Latent Dirichlet Allocation by defining a one-to-one correspondence between LDA's latent topics and user tags. This allows Labeled LDA to directly learn word-tag correspondences. We demonstrate Labeled LDA's improved expressiveness over traditional LDA with visualizations of a corpus of tagged web pages from del.icio. us. Labeled LDA outperforms SVMs by more than 3 to 1 when extracting tag-specific document snippets. As a multi-label text classifier, our model is competitive with a discriminative baseline on a variety of datasets.
The Use of Intraoperative Electrophysiology for the Placement of Spinal Cord Stimulator Paddle Leads Under General Anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Placement of spinal cord stimulating paddle leads has traditionally been performed under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation to allow intraoperative confirmation of appropriate placement. It may be difficult to maintain appropriate sedation in certain patients because of medical comorbidities. Furthermore, patients undergoing lead revision frequently have extensive epidural scarring, requiring multilevel laminectomies to place the electrode appropriately. OBJECTIVE: To report our technique of neurophysiologic monitoring that allows these procedures to be performed under general anesthesia. METHODS: Data from 78 patients who underwent electromyography during laminectomy for paddle lead placement were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy patients presented for first-time permanent system placement after a successful trial, and 8 were referred for revision or replacement of previously functioning systems. Surgeries were performed under general anesthesia with fluoroscopic guidance. Electromyography was used to help define the physiological midline of the spinal cord and to guide appropriate lead placement. Somatosensory evoked potentials were used as an adjunct to minimize the possibility of neural injury. RESULTS: Immediately postoperatively, 75 of 78 patients reported that the paresthesia coverage was as good as (or better than) that of the spinal cord stimulation trial. At the long-term follow-up, 1 system was removed for infection, and 6 systems were explanted for lack of efficacy. A total of 64 of the 78 implanted patients reported continued pain relief with stimulator use. Revision surgery was performed in 9 patients. CONCLUSION: The use of intraoperative electrophysiology for the placement of spinal cord stimulation paddle leads under general anesthesia is a safe and efficacious alternative to awake surgery. ABBREVIATIONS: EMG, electromyography SCS, spinal cord stimulation
Flufenamic acid blocks depolarizing afterpotentials and phasic firing in rat supraoptic neurones

Depolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs) that follow action potentials in magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) are thought to underlie the generation of phasic firing, a pattern that optimizes vasopressin release from the neurohypophysis. Previous work has suggested that the DAP may result from the Ca2+‐dependent reduction of a resting K+ conductance. Here we examined the effects of flufenamic acid (FFA), a blocker of Ca2+‐dependent non‐selective cation (CAN) channels, on DAPs and phasic firing using intracellular recordings from supraoptic MNCs in superfused explants of rat hypothalamus. Application of FFA, but not solvent (0.1 % DMSO), reversibly inhibited (IC50+ 13.8 μm; R+ 0.97) DAPs and phasic firing with a similar time course, but had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on membrane potential, spike threshold and input resistance, nor on the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous synaptic potentials. Moreover, FFA did not affect (P > 0.05) the amplitude, duration, undershoot, or frequency‐dependent broadening of action potentials elicited during the spike trains used to evoke DAPs. These findings suggest that FFA inhibits the DAP by directly blocking the channels responsible for its production, rather than by interfering with Ca2+ influx. They also support a role for DAPs in the generation of phasic firing in MNCs. Finally, the absence of a depolarization and increased membrane resistance upon application of FFA suggests that the DAP in MNCs may not be due to the inhibition of resting K+ current, but to the activation of CAN channels.
MRI correlates of executive dysfunction in patients with ischaemic stroke

Executive dysfunction (ED) may lead to problem behaviour and impaired activities of daily living in many neuropsychiatric disorders, but the neuroanatomical correlates of ED are still not well known. Different aspects of executive functions were studied by widely used neuropsychological tests in 214 elderly patients 3 months after ischaemic stroke, and a sum score of eight different measures was counted in each patient. The number and site of brain infarcts as well as severity and location of white matter lesions (WMLs) and brain atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging were recorded and compared between patients with and without ED. ED was present in 73 (34.1%) of the 214 patients. The mean frequency of brain infarcts in the brain and in the left hemisphere was higher in the patients with ED. Lesions affecting the frontal‐subcortical circuits (e.g. pallidum, corona radiata or centrum semiovale) were more frequent in patients with ED than in those without. Also, patients with pontine brain infarcts frequently had ED, but this may have been due to more extensive ischaemic changes in these patients in general. Mean number of brain infarcts affecting the pons and posterior centrum semiovale on the left side, moderate to severe medial temporal atrophy, the Fazekas white matter score, the Mini‐Mental State Examination score and low education were independent correlates of ED. Brain infarcts and WML affecting the frontal‐subcortical circuits or the pons may increase risk for ED in stroke patients.
Cognitive function after supplementation with B vitamins and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids: ancillary findings from the SU.FOL.OM3 randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Rapid aging of the population worldwide necessitates a heightened concern about preventing cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of B vitamins and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on cognition in a high-risk population. DESIGN This was an ancillary study of the SU.FOL. OM3 (SUpplementation with FOLate, vitamins B-6 and B-12 and/or OMega-3 fatty acids) secondary prevention trial conducted in France between 2003 and 2009. The present sample included 1748 men and women aged 45-80 y with a history of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or ischemic stroke and who were recruited via a network of 417 physicians. With the use of block randomization with stratification by sex, age, prior cardiovascular disease, and city of residence, participants were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to 1 of 4 groups: 1) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folate, 0.56 mg) and vitamins B-6 (3 mg) and B-12 (0.02 mg), 2) eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (600 mg) in a 2:1 ratio, 3) B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, or 4) placebo. Cognitive function after 4 y of supplementation was assessed with the French version of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. RESULTS No significant main effects of group assignment on cognitive function were found; however, we found some evidence of disease history- and age-specific effects. In the subgroup with prior stroke, for example, participants assigned to receive B vitamins plus omega-3 fatty acids were significantly less likely to have a decreased score on the temporal orientation task than were those assigned to receive placebo (odds ratio: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.86). CONCLUSIONS If present, dietary effects on cognition are likely group-specific. These results could be useful in interventions aimed at preventing cognitive decline in high-risk individuals. This trial is registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN41926726.
Pegylated interferon-α-2b for children with recurrent craniopharyngioma.

OBJECT Previous studies of systemic and intralesional administration of nonpegylated interferon have shown efficacy against craniopharyngioma. Pegylaion of interferon-α-2b (PI) prolongs the half-life, allowing sustained exposure of the drug over time, and enhances efficacy. The authors report the results of the use of PI in 5 children with recurrent craniopharyngiomas. METHODS Five children, ranging in age from 9 to 15 years, with recurrent craniopharyngiomas were treated for up to 2 years with subcutaneous injections of PI at a dose of 1-3 μg/kg/week. Tumor response was assessed using MRI. RESULTS All patients had stable disease or better in response to PI. One patient experienced a recurrence after gross-total resection (GTR). She initially showed an increase in the predominantly cystic tumor after 3 months of treatment, followed by a complete response. She required no further intervention and remains without evidence of disease 10 years after starting treatment. Another patient experienced recurrence 3.3 years after subtotal resection (STR) and radiation therapy. He had complete disappearance of the predominantly cystic component after 4 months of treatment, and a small residual calcified mass remains 5 years later. The third patient experienced recurrence after 3 GTRs. He had a complete response after 7 months of treatment and remains without evidence of disease 19 months after starting treatment. The fourth patient experienced recurrence after 2 STRs. He had a 30% decrease in tumor size after 4 months of treatment, which was maintained for 12 months at which point the cyst began to increase in size. The final patient experienced recurrence after GTR and has stable disease 6 months after starting treatment with PI. CONCLUSIONS The use of PI in children with recurrent craniopharyngiomas can result in significant and durable responses and potentially delay or avoid the need for radiation therapy.