Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association.

OBJECTIVE To issue a recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed to improve and maintain health in older adults. PARTICIPANTS A panel of scientists with expertise in public health, behavioral science, epidemiology, exercise science, medicine, and gerontology. EVIDENCE The expert panel reviewed existing consensus statements and relevant evidence from primary research articles and reviews of the literature. PROCESS After drafting a recommendation for the older adult population and reviewing drafts of the Updated Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA) for Adults, the panel issued a final recommendation on physical activity for older adults. SUMMARY The recommendation for older adults is similar to the updated ACSM/AHA recommendation for adults, but has several important differences including: the recommended intensity of aerobic activity takes into account the older adult's aerobic fitness; activities that maintain or increase flexibility are recommended; and balance exercises are recommended for older adults at risk of falls. In addition, older adults should have an activity plan for achieving recommended physical activity that integrates preventive and therapeutic recommendations. The promotion of physical activity in older adults should emphasize moderate-intensity aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening activity, reducing sedentary behavior, and risk management.
The TRE17 Oncogene Encodes a Component of a Novel Effector Pathway for Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 and Stimulates Actin Remodeling

ABSTRACT The Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 play fundamental roles in transformation and actin remodeling. Here, we demonstrate that the TRE17 oncogene encodes a component of a novel effector pathway for these GTPases. TRE17 coprecipitated specifically with the active forms of Cdc42 and Rac1 in vivo. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of TRE17 was dramatically regulated by these GTPases and mitogens. Under serum-starved conditions, TRE17 localized predominantly to filamentous structures within the cell. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced relocalization of TRE17 to the plasma membrane in a Cdc42-/Rac1-dependent manner. Coexpression of activated alleles of Cdc42 or Rac1 also caused complete redistribution of TRE17 to the plasma membrane, where it partially colocalized with the GTPases in filopodia and ruffles, respectively. Membrane recruitment of TRE17 by EGF or the GTPases was dependent on actin polymerization. Finally, we found that a C-terminal truncation mutant of TRE17 induced the accumulation of cortical actin, mimicking the effects of activated Cdc42. Together, these results identify TRE17 as part of a novel effector complex for Cdc42 and Rac1, potentially contributing to their effects on actin remodeling. The present study provides insights into the regulation and cellular function of this previously uncharacterized oncogene.
Meaning maintenance in close relationships

MEANING MAINTENANCE IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS By Daryl R. Van Tongeren, M.A. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011. Major Director: Jeffrey D. Green, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology The human motivation for meaning has been a longstanding topic of inquiry, and recent research has begun to investigate how individuals maintain a sense of meaning in life. Given the importance of social connectedness in human life, as well as the role of relationships in providing a sense of meaningfulness, the present investigation explored meaning maintenance within the domain of close relationships. Specifically, a theoretical model for interpersonal meaning maintenance is presented, which proposes that moral actions— particularly forgiveness—are oriented toward restoring relationship quality, and, in turn, meaning in life, in the wake of interpersonal transgressions. The tenets of this model were tested in two studies. Study 1 provided initial evidence for this model by examining dispositional characteristics that are important for one’s relationship (e.g., trait empathy, selfesteem) and provided promising results that support a more specific investigation within the domain of close relationships. Implementing a longitudinal study design, Study 2 examined interpersonal offenses committed by romantic partners over six months, as well as the degree of forgiveness offered by the hurt partner, and the subsequent effects on relationship quality and meaning in life. The results revealed that, as hypothesized, initial levels of meaning in life predicted committing fewer moral offenses against one’s partner and offering more forgiveness when suffering a transgression by one’s partner. Although transgressing against one’s partner did not reduce meaning in life, offering forgiveness increased meaning in life and life satisfaction over time. In addition, relationship satisfaction partially mediated the effects of forgiveness on meaning in life, and self-esteem was found to moderate this mediating relationship. Support for the model of interpersonal meaning maintenance was garnered in two studies. The present investigation was the first to explore how individuals maintain meaning within the domain of close relationships. Implications for the scientific study of meaning, as well as for applications in relationships, are discussed.
Free theorems in the presence of seq

Parametric polymorphism constrains the behavior of pure functional programs in a way that allows the derivation of interesting theorems about them solely from their types, i.e., virtually for free. Unfortunately, the standard parametricity theorem fails for nonstrict languages supporting a polymorphic strict evaluation primitive like Haskell's seq. Contrary to the folklore surrounding seq and parametricity, we show that not even quantifying only over strict and bottom-reflecting relations in the $\forall$-clause of the underlying logical relation --- and thus restricting the choice of functions with which such relations are instantiated to obtain free theorems to strict and total ones --- is sufficient to recover from this failure. By addressing the subtle issues that arise when propagating up the type hierarchy restrictions imposed on a logical relation in order to accommodate the strictness primitive, we provide a parametricity theorem for the subset of Haskell corresponding to a Girard-Reynolds-style calculus with fixpoints, algebraic datatypes, and seq. A crucial ingredient of our approach is the use of an asymmetric logical relation, which leads to "inequational" versions of free theorems enriched by preconditions guaranteeing their validity in the described setting. Besides the potential to obtain corresponding preconditions for standard equational free theorems by combining some new inequational ones, the latter also have value in their own right, as is exemplified with a careful analysis of seq's impact on familiar program transformations.
Decision making for autonomous driving considering interaction and uncertain prediction of surrounding vehicles

Autonomous driving requires decision making in dynamic and uncertain environments. The uncertainty from the prediction originates from the noisy sensor data and from the fact that the intention of human drivers cannot be directly measured. This problem is formulated as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) with the intention of the other vehicles as hidden variables. The solution of the POMDP is a policy determining the optimal acceleration of the ego vehicle along a preplanned path. Therefore, the policy is optimized for the most likely future scenarios resulting from an interactive, probabilistic motion model for the other vehicles. Considering possible future measurements of the surroundings allows the autonomous car to incorporate the estimated change in future prediction accuracy in the optimal policy. A compact representation allows a low-dimensional state-space so that the problem can be solved online for varying road layouts and number of other vehicles. This is done with a point-based solver in an anytime fashion on a continuous state-space. We show the results with simulations for the crossing of complex (unsignalized) intersections. Our approach performs nearly as good as with full prior information about the intentions of the other vehicles and clearly outperforms reactive approaches.
Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Imaging in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease affecting about 13 million Americans, while more than one million percutaneous transluminal intervention (PCI) procedures are performed annually in the USA. The relative high occurrence of restenosis, despite stent implementation, seems to be the primary limitation of PCI. Over the last decades, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), has proven an invaluable tool for the diagnosis of CAD and patients' risk stratification, providing useful information regarding the decision about revascularization and is well suited to assess patients after intervention. Information gained from post-intervention MPI is crucial to differentiate patients with angina from those with exo-cardiac chest pain syndromes, to assess peri-intervention myocardial damage, to predict-detect restenosis after PCI, to detect CAD progression in non-revascularized vessels, to evaluate the effects of intervention if required for occupational reasons and to evaluate patients' long-term prognosis. On the other hand, chest pain and exercise electrocardiography are largely unhelpful in identifying patients at risk after PCI.Although there are enough published data demonstrating the value of myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging in patients after PCI, there is still debate on whether or not these tests should be performed routinely.
Report of NEWS 2010 Transliteration Mining Shared Task

This report documents the details of the Transliteration Mining Shared Task that was run as a part of the Named Entities Workshop (NEWS 2010), an ACL 2010 workshop. The shared task featured mining of name transliterations from the paired Wikipedia titles in 5 different language pairs, specifically, between English and one of Arabic, Chinese, Hindi Russian and Tamil. Totally 5 groups took part in this shared task, participating in multiple mining tasks in different languages pairs. The methodology and the data sets used in this shared task are published in the Shared Task White Paper [Kumaran et al, 2010]. We measure and report 3 metrics on the submitted results to calibrate the performance of individual systems on a commonly available Wikipedia dataset. We believe that the significant contribution of this shared task is in (i) assembling a diverse set of participants working in the area of transliteration mining, (ii) creating a baseline performance of transliteration mining systems in a set of diverse languages using commonly available Wikipedia data, and (iii) providing a basis for meaningful comparison and analysis of trade-offs between various algorithmic approaches used in mining. We believe that this shared task would complement the NEWS 2010 transliteration generation shared task, in enabling development of practical systems with a small amount of seed data in a given pair of languages.
Permittivity and Loss Characterization of SU-8 Films for mmW and Terahertz Applications

The dielectric permittivity measurement of thick SU-8 film is presented for the entire frequency band of 1 GHz to 1 THz. SU-8 is a high-resolution UV-patternable photoresist that can be used for fabrication of high-aspect-ratio 3-D structures for millimeter-wave and terahertz devices. Here, we report the measured dielectric constant and loss tangent of SU-8 films using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. A quadratic polynomial model is established for the accurate calculation of complex permittivity up to 1 THz. The loss tangent of fully cross-linked 430- μm-thick SU-8 film was measured to be 0.015, 0.027, and 0.055 at 1, 200, and 1000 GHz, respectively. Similarly, relative permittivity was found to be 3.24, 3.23, and 2.92. The fabrication process and level of cross-linking were demonstrated to have significant impact on the loss behavior of this material and the impact of cross-linking on dielectric permittivity is quantified across a wide frequency band. The characterization results reported in this letter are a platform for developing next-generation millimeter-wave and terahertz devices.
Qualitative research for education : an introduction to theory and methods / by Robert C. Bogdan and Sari Knopp Biklen

1. Foundations of Qualitative Research in Education: An Introduction. Characteristics of Qualitative Research. Traditions of Qualitative Research. Theoretical Underpinnings. Ten Common Questions About Qualitative Research. Ethics. What Is to Come. 2. Research Design. Choosing a Study. Case Studies. Multi-Site Studies. Additional Issues Related to Design. Concluding Remarks. 3. Fieldwork. Gaining Access. First Days in the Field. The Participant/Observer Continuum. Doing Fieldwork in Another Culture. Researcher Characteristics and Special Problems with Rapport. Be Discreet. Research in Politically Charged and Conflict-Ridden Settings. Feelings. How Long Should an Observation Session Be? Interviewing. Visual Recording and Fieldwork. Triangulation. Leaving the Field. 4. Qualitative Data. Some Friendly Advice. Fieldnotes. The Process of Writing Fieldnotes. Transcripts from Taped Interviews. Documents. Photography. Official Statistics and Other Quantitative Data. Concluding Remarks. 5. Data Analysis. Analysis in the Field. Analysis After Data Collection. The Mechanics of Working with Data. Concluding Remarks. 6. Writing It Up. Writing Choices. More Writing Tips. Criteria for Evaluating Writing. Texts. A Final Point About Getting Started. 7. Applied Qualitative Research for Education. Evaluation and Policy Research. Action Research. Practitioner Uses of Qualitative Research. Appendix A. Examples of Observational Questions for Educational Settings. Appendix B. Examples of Fieldnotes. Glossary. References. Index.
FeMo cofactor maturation on NifEN

FeMo cofactor (FeMoco) biosynthesis is one of the most complicated processes in metalloprotein biochemistry. Here we show that Mo and homocitrate are incorporated into the Fe/S core of the FeMoco precursor while it is bound to NifEN and that the resulting fully complemented, FeMoco-like cluster is transformed into a mature FeMoco upon transfer from NifEN to MoFe protein through direct protein–protein interaction. Our findings not only clarify the process of FeMoco maturation, but also provide useful insights into the other facets of nitrogenase chemistry.
Controversies in the management of low‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

During the last 30 years, there have been major changes in the methods used to diagnose and manage cervical cancer precursors. Early detection of precursors through mass cytologic screening programs and the eradication of these precursors when detected are currently the cornerstone of policies aimed at reducing cervical cancer. These policies have been successful, resulting in a marked reduction in both the number of cases and deaths from cervical cancer in North America and Western Europe. Recently, however, significant controversy has arisen over several aspects of the diagnosis and management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Two of the most important of these controversies are whether all patients with low‐grade CIN lesions require therapy and what is the appropriate role for the newly introduced loop electrosurgical excision procedure in managing patients with CIN. In this article, these controversies are reviewed with emphasis placed on how these controversies affect the practicing gynecologist.
Performance Analysis of MIMO-MRC in Double-Correlated Rayleigh Environments

We consider multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmit beamforming systems with maximum ratio combining (MRC) receivers. The operating environment is Rayleigh fading with both transmit and receive spatial correlation. We present exact expressions for the probability density function (pdf) of the output signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the system outage probability. The results are based on explicit closed-form expressions which we derive for the pdf and cumulative distribution function of the maximum eigenvalue of double-correlated complex Wishart matrices. For systems with two antennas at either the transmitter or the receiver, we also derive exact closed-form expressions for the symbol-error rate. The new expressions are used to prove that MIMO-MRC achieves the maximum available spatial diversity order, and to demonstrate the effect of spatial correlation. The analysis is validated through comparison with Monte Carlo simulations
Spinocerebellar ataxias – genotype-phenotype correlations in 104 Brazilian families

OBJECTIVE: Spinocerebellar ataxias are neurodegenerative disorders involving the cerebellum and its connections. There are more than 30 distinct subtypes, 16 of which are associated with an identified gene. The aim of the current study was to evaluate a large group of patients from 104 Brazilian families with spinocerebellar ataxias. METHODS: We studied 150 patients from 104 families with spinocerebellar ataxias who had received molecular genetic testing for spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17, and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. A statistical analysis of the results was performed using basic descriptive statistics and the correlation coefficient (r), Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Yates' correction. The statistical significance level was established for p-values <0.05. RESULTS: The results show that the most common subtype was spinocerebellar ataxia 3, which was followed by spinocerebellar ataxia 10. Moreover, the comparison between patients with spinocerebellar ataxia 3, spinocerebellar ataxia 10, and other types of spinocerebellar ataxia revealed distinct clinical features for each type. In patients with spinocerebellar ataxia 3, the phenotype was highly pleomorphic, although the most common signs of disease included cerebellar ataxia (CA), ophthalmoplegia, diplopia, eyelid retraction, facial fasciculation, pyramidal signs, and peripheral neuropathy. In patients with spinocerebellar ataxia 10, the phenotype was also rather distinct and consisted of pure cerebellar ataxia and abnormal saccadic eye movement as well as ocular dysmetria. Patients with spinocerebellar ataxias 2 and 7 presented highly suggestive features of cerebellar ataxia, including slow saccadic ocular movements and areflexia in spinocerebellar ataxia 2 and visual loss in spinocerebellar ataxia 7. CONCLUSIONS: Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 was the most common subtype examined, followed by spinocerebellar ataxia 10. Patients with spinocerebellar ataxia 2 and 7 demonstrated highly suggestive features, whereas the phenotype of spinocerebellar ataxia 3 patients was highly pleomorphic and spinocerebellar ataxia 10 patients exhibited pure cerebellar ataxia. Epilepsy was absent in all of the patients with spinocerebellar ataxia 10 in this series.
The Role of Iron Metabolism in Lung Inflammation and Injury

Iron is required for many vital functions including oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Protective mechanisms maintain optimal iron concentration involving dynamic regulation of the transporters and iron storage proteins. In addition to these systemic regulatory mechanisms, the unique lung environment must provide detoxification from metal-induced oxidative stress and pathogenic infections. This review focuses on the unique role of iron metabolism in lung injury and inflammation.
Accuracy of Core Needle Biopsy Versus Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology for Diagnosing Salivary Gland Tumors

Background: Core needle biopsy is a relatively new technique used to diagnose salivary gland lesions, and its role in comparison with fine needle aspiration cytology needs to be refined. Methods: We compared the results of 228 ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy and 371 fine needle aspiration procedures performed on major salivary gland tumors with their postoperative histological diagnoses. Results: Core needle biopsy resulted in significantly higher sensitivity and more accurate tumor subtyping, especially for malignant tumors, than fine needle aspiration. No patient developed major complications after core needle biopsy. Conclusions: We recommend ultrasoundguided core needle biopsy as the primary diagnostic tool for the preoperative evaluation of patients with salivary gland lesions, especially when malignancy is suspected.
Identification and Characterization of Choline Transporter-Like Protein 2, an Inner Ear Glycoprotein of 68 and 72 kDa That Is the Target of Antibody-Induced Hearing Loss

The Kresge Hearing Research Institute-3 (KHRI-3) antibody binds to a guinea pig inner ear supporting cell antigen (IESCA) and causes hearing loss. To gain insight into the mechanism of antibody-induced hearing loss, we used antibody immunoaffinity purification to isolate the IESCA, which was then sequenced by mass spectroscopy, revealing 10 guinea pig peptides identical to sequences in human choline transporter-like protein 2 (CTL2). Full-length CTL2 cDNA sequenced from guinea pig inner ear has 85.9% identity with the human cDNA. Consistent with its expression on the surface of supporting cells in the inner ear, CTL2 contains 10 predicted membrane-spanning regions with multiple N-glycosylation sites. The 68 and 72 kDa molecular forms of inner ear CTL2 are distinguished by sialic acid modification of the carbohydrate. The KHRI-3 antibody binds to an N-linked carbohydrate on CTL2 and presumably damages the organ of Corti by blocking the transporter function of this molecule. CTL2 mRNA and protein are abundantly expressed in human inner ear. Sera from patients with autoimmune hearing loss bind to guinea pig inner ear with the same pattern as CTL2 antibodies. Thus, CTL2 is a possible target of autoimmune hearing loss in humans.
Neural Correlates of Dynamically Evolving Interpersonal Ties Predict Prosocial Behavior

There is a growing interest for the determinants of human choice behavior in social settings. Upon initial contact, investment choices in social settings can be inherently risky, as the degree to which the other person will reciprocate is unknown. Nevertheless, people have been shown to exhibit prosocial behavior even in one-shot laboratory settings where all interaction has been taken away. A logical step has been to link such behavior to trait empathy-related neurobiological networks. However, as a social interaction unfolds, the degree of uncertainty with respect to the expected payoff of choice behavior may change as a function of the interaction. Here we attempt to capture this factor. We show that the interpersonal tie one develops with another person during interaction – rather than trait empathy – motivates investment in a public good that is shared with an anonymous interaction partner. We examined how individual differences in trait empathy and interpersonal ties modulate neural responses to imposed monetary sharing. After, but not before interaction in a public good game, sharing prompted activation of neural systems associated with reward (striatum), empathy (anterior insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex) as well as altruism, and social significance [posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS)]. Although these activations could be linked to both empathy and interpersonal ties, only tie-related pSTS activation predicted prosocial behavior during subsequent interaction, suggesting a neural substrate for keeping track of social relevance.