Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The lacrimal keyhole, orbital door jamb, and basin of the inferior orbital fissure. Three areas of deep bone in the lateral orbit.

OBJECTIVES To calculate the volume of bone in 3 areas of the deep lateral orbit that are available for removal in decompression surgery and to demonstrate these 3 areas within a 3-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction of the orbit. DESIGN The 3 areas of bone in the deep lateral orbit were designated the lacrimal keyhole, the sphenoid door jamb, and the basin of the inferior orbital fissure. By means of digitized computed tomographic scans, these 3 areas of bone were analyzed by measuring preoperative and postoperative orbital volumes and predicted bony expansion volumes in 9 patients (17 orbits) who underwent deep lateral orbital decompression surgery. We also calculated the volume of bone that could be removed from 11 normal orbits. A 3-dimensional computer reconstruction of an orbital computed tomographic scan was created, and the 3 areas of potential bone were delineated within it. RESULTS The average volumes of the basin of the inferior orbital fissure, the sphenoid door jamb, the lacrimal keyhole, and the total of the 3 regions were 1.2, 2.9, 1.5, and 5.6 cm3, respectively. The 3 areas of bone contributed variably to the total, with the door jamb contributing the most volume of the 3, nearly twice the value of the other 2. There was, however, a significant amount of interpatient variability, especially for the door jamb region. CONCLUSION Orbital decompression surgery of the deep lateral wall can provide adequate volume expansion because of the amount and location of potential space that exists in the 3 areas of deep bone.
Nearest-Biclusters Collaborative Filtering

Collaborative Filtering (CF) Systems have been studied extensively for more than a decade to confront the “information overload” problem. Nearest-neighbor CF is based either on common user or item similarities, to form the user’s neighborhood. The effectiveness of the aforementioned approaches would be augmented, if we could combine them. In this paper, we use biclustering to disclose this duality between users and items, by grouping them in both dimensions simultaneously. We propose a novel nearest-biclusters algorithm, which uses a new similarity measure that achieves partial matching of users’ preferences. Performance evaluation results are offered, which show that the proposed method improves substantially the performance of the CF process. We attain more than 30% and 10% improvement in terms of precision and recall, respectively.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Therapy Enhances Parainfluenza Virus 3 Infection in Neonatal Lambs

ABSTRACT Parainfluenza viruses are a common cause of seasonal respiratory disease, but in high-risk individuals (e.g., young children) these viruses can cause severe clinical manifestations that require hospitalization. Beta-defensins are a subclass of antimicrobial peptides with antiviral activity. Use of adenovirus-mediated beta-defensin gene expression has been proposed as therapy for chronic bacterial infections commonly seen in cystic fibrosis patients; however, its use during parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) infection has not been evaluated. The hypothesis in this experiment was that adenovirus expression of human beta-defensin 6 (HBD6) would diminish concurrent PIV3 infection in neonatal lambs. The group infected with adenovirus HBD6 and PIV3 had increased levels of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment compared to those for the group infected with PIV3 or PIV3 and adenovirus, with an increased respiration rate and body temperature late in the course of the PIV3-adenovirus HBD6 infection. Interestingly, the adenovirus-treated groups had higher levels of immunohistochemical staining for PIV3 and syncytial cell formation than the group infected with PIV3, suggesting that treatment with the adenovirus vector, regardless of whether it was carrying a target gene, exacerbated the PIV3 infection. The levels of expression of mRNA for antimicrobial surfactant proteins A and D and sheep beta-defensin 1 were increased by PIV3 and adenovirus treatment, and the increased levels of expression roughly corresponded to the degree of inflammation. While pulmonary administration of a high-dose adenovirus vector has been associated with undesirable inflammation, this is the first study to show that it can exacerbate concurrent viral infection, a concern that needs to be addressed for future studies of adenovirus in the lung. Additionally, this study showed that adenovirus-mediated HBD6 expression increases neutrophil recruitment, a recently described attribute of beta-defensins, with mild accentuation of PIV3 activity and inflammation.
Planning for Improvement: Leadership Development among University Administrators

Information on the professional development of university administrators is relatively sparse, yet effective leadership and management are essential to sustain-ing high quality environments for faculty, staff, and students. This chapter dis-cusses the use of professional development plans and multi-source feedback among higher education administrators. Results from a large national study of university deans and department chairs are presented and practical strategies for improving leadership development and fostering positive organizational change are illustrated through case examples. Given the high cost of failed leadership, greater attention to the preparation, support, and evaluation of individuals serving in administrative leadership roles is likely to provide dividends to all involved.
Title : When Cheaper is Better : Fee Determination in the Market for Equity Mutual Funds Authors :

In this paper, we develop a model of the market for equity mutual funds that captures three key characteristics of this market. First, there is competition among funds. Second, fund managers’ ability is not observed by investors before making their investment decisions. And third, some investors do not make optimal use of all available information. The main results of the paper are that 1) price competition is compatible with positive mark-ups in equilibrium; and 2) worse-performing funds set fees that are greater or equal than those set by better-performing funds. These predictions are supported by available empirical evidence. JEL classification codes: L13, L15, G23, D80.
Frizzled7: A Promising Achilles’ Heel for Targeting the Wnt Receptor Complex to Treat Cancer

Frizzled7 is arguably the most studied member of the Frizzled family, which are the cognate Wnt receptors. Frizzled7 is highly conserved through evolution, from Hydra through to humans, and is expressed in diverse organisms, tissues and human disease contexts. Frizzled receptors can homo- or hetero-polymerise and associate with several co-receptors to transmit Wnt signalling. Notably, Frizzled7 can transmit signalling via multiple Wnt transduction pathways and bind to several different Wnt ligands, Frizzled receptors and co-receptors. These promiscuous binding and functional properties are thought to underlie the pivotal role Frizzled7 plays in embryonic developmental and stem cell function. Recent studies have identified that Frizzled7 is upregulated in diverse human cancers, and promotes proliferation, progression and invasion, and orchestrates cellular transitions that underscore cancer metastasis. Importantly, Frizzled7 is able to regulate Wnt signalling activity even in cancer cells which have mutations to down-stream signal transducers. In this review we discuss the various aspects of Frizzled7 signalling and function, and the implications these have for therapeutic targeting of Frizzled7 in cancer.
On the need of unfolding preprocessing for time series clustering

Clustering methods are commonly used on time series, either as a preprocessing for other methods or for themselves. This paper illustrates the problem of clustering applied on regressor vectors obtained from row time series. It is thus shown why time series clustering may sometimes seem meaningless. A preprocessing is proposed to unfold time series and allow a meaningful clustering of regressors. Graphical and experimental results show the usefulness of the unfolding preprocessing.
The application of a small group learning approach to social group work teaching - an exploratory study

ABSTRACT A new modality – the small group learning approach, was developed for social group work courses for social work students in Hong Kong. A research study, aimed at understanding the students’ level of satisfaction with the new approach and exploring its effectiveness regarding enhancing students’ learning in social group work, was conducted for three cohorts of students in the academic years from 2013-14 to 2015-16. The findings indicated that its effectiveness was influenced by the quality of the tutors and the level of co-operation of the students. Strategies for improving the design and the implementation of the approach will be discussed
Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms in Adolescent and Adult Twins

Abstract We examined the variation and heritability of DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal (NW) in adult and adolescent male and female twin cigarette smokers (who reported smoking 100 or more cigarettes lifetime). Telephone diagnostic interviews were completed with 3,112 Australian adult male and female smokers (53% women; age: 24–36) and 702 Missouri adolescent male and female smokers (59% girls; age: 15–21). No gender or cohort differences emerged in rates of meeting criteria for NW (44%). Latent class analyses found that NW symptoms were best conceptualized as a severity continuum (three levels in adults and two levels in adolescents). Across all groups, increasing NW severity was associated with difficulty quitting, impairment following cessation, heavy smoking, depression, anxiety, conduct disorder and problems with alcohol use. NW was also associated with seeking smoking cessation treatment and with smoking persistence in adults. The latent class structure of NW was equally heritable across adult and adolescent smokers with additive genetic influences accounting for 49% of the variance and the remaining 51% of variance accounted for by unique environmental influences. Overall, findings suggest remarkable similarity in the pattern and heritability of NW across adult and adolescent smokers, and highlight the important role of NW in psychiatric comorbidity and the process of smoking cessation across both age groups.
Building the Third Rome: Italy, the Vatican, and the new district in Prati di Castello, 1870–1895

When the Italian army breached the Aurelian walls at Porta Pia in 1870 and Rome was seized from the pope, the city could not have been more unlike a contemporary European capital city. In the years after it became Italy’s capital, Rome underwent a process of radical urban renewal. This article, focusing on the creation of a new neighbourhood in Prati di Castello – the area north-east of the Vatican – frames Rome’s transformation as part of the ‘culture wars’ between the Church and the new Italian state. The decision to postpone the creation of the new district in Prati until the 1880s and the way it was then carried out reflect the wider shift of Italian politics from Cavour’s notion of ‘a free Church in a free State’ to the more combative anticlericalism of the Left after 1876. Against this background, Prati emerged as a political landscape in which competing powers articulated their aspirations and values, negotiated their respective authorities, and transmitted political ideas. Italian summary Al momento dell’ingresso delle truppe italiane a Porta Pia nel 1870, Roma era profondamente diversa da altre capitali europee. Di conseguenza, negli anni successivi la città andò incontro a un radicale processo di espansione e riassetto urbano. Il presente articolo, che indaga la creazione di un nuovo quartiere nell’area di Prati di Castello, a nordest del Vaticano, situa l’urbanizzazione di Roma dopo il 1870 nel quadro dello scontro culturale tra la Chiesa e il neonato Stato italiano. La decisione di posporre la creazione del nuovo distretto in Prati fino agli anni Ottanta e il modo in cui tale decisione fu poi portata a termine testimoniano del più ampio passaggio della cultura politica italiana dal cavouriano ‘libera Chiesa in libero Stato’ all’anticlericalismo militante e aggressivo della Sinistra storica. Su questo sfondo, Prati emerge come un ‘paesaggio politico’, attraverso il quale poteri tra loro in competizione poterono articolare i propri valori, negoziare le rispettive autorità e veicolare le proprie idee politiche.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF BSS (HDTV) SYSTEMS

Resolution No. 525 also stipulates that the located frequency band shall be used for HighDefinition Television (HDTV) in the BSS. It stipulates further that, before a future conference has taken decisions on definitive procedures, the use of the allocated band shall be based on Resolution No. 33 (WARC-79) and Article 34, and that after 1 April 2007 the introduction of HDTV systems in this band must be regulated in a flexible and equitable manner until such time as a future competent world radio conference has adopted definitive provisions for this purpose in accordance with Resolution No. 507 (WARC-79).
Equality Is Typable in Semi-full Pure Type Systems

There are two usual ways to describe equality in a dependent typing system, one that uses an external notion of computation like beta-reduction, and one that introduces a typed judgement of beta-equality directly in the typing system. After being an open problem for some time, the general equivalence between both approaches has been solved by Adams for a class of pure type systems (PTSs) called functional. In this paper, we relax the functionality constraint and prove the equivalence for all semi-full PTSs by combining the ideas of Adams with a study of the general shape of types in PTSs. As one application, an extension of this result to systems with sub-typing would be a first step toward bringing closer the theory behind a proof assistant such as Coq to its implementation.
Adaptive Path Selection for Link Loss Inference in Network Tomography Applications

In this study, we address the problem of selecting the optimal end-to-end paths for link loss inference in order to improve the performance of network tomography applications, which infer the link loss rates from the path loss rates. Measuring the path loss rates using end-to-end probing packets may incur additional traffic overheads for networks, so it is important to select the minimum path set carefully while maximizing their performance. The usual approach is to select the maximum independent paths from the candidates simultaneously, while the other paths can be replaced by linear combinations of them. However, this approach ignores the fact that many paths always exist that do not lose any packets, and thus it is easy to determine that all of the links of these paths also have 0 loss rates. Not considering these good paths will inevitably lead to inefficiency and high probing costs. Thus, we propose an adaptive path selection method that selects paths sequentially based on the loss rates of previously selected paths. We also propose a theorem as well as a graph construction and decomposition approach to efficiently find the most valuable path during each round of selection. Our new method significantly outperforms the classical path selection method based on simulations in terms of the probing cost, number of accurate links determined, and the running speed.
Serotype-Specific Acquisition and Loss of Group B Streptococcus Recto-Vaginal Colonization in Late Pregnancy

Background Maternal recto-vaginal colonization with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and consequent vertical transmission to the newborn predisposes neonates to early-onset invasive GBS disease. This study aimed to determine the acquisition and loss of serotype-specific recto-vaginal GBS colonization from 20–37+ weeks of gestational age. Methods Vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from HIV-uninfected women at 20–25 weeks of gestation age and at 5–6 weekly intervals thereafter. Swabs were cultured for GBS and isolates were serotyped by latex agglutination. Serologically non-typable isolates and pilus islands were characterized by PCR. Results The prevalence of recto-vaginal GBS colonization was 33.0%, 32.7%, 28.7% and 28.4% at 20–25 weeks, 26–30 weeks, 31–35 weeks and 37+ weeks of gestational age, respectively. The most common identified serotypes were Ia (39.2%), III (32.8%) and V (12.4%). Of 507 participants who completed all four study visits, the cumulative overall recto-vaginal acquisition rate of new serotypes during the study was 27.9%, including 11.2%, 8.2% and 4.3% for serotypes Ia, III and V, respectively. Comparing the common colonizing serotypes, serotype III was more likely to be associated with persistent colonization throughout the study (29%) than Ia (18%; p = 0.045) or V (6%; p = 0.002). The median duration of recto-vaginal GBS colonization for serotype III was 6.35 weeks, which was longer than other serotypes. Pilus island proteins were detected in all GBS isolates and their subtype distribution was associated with specific serotypes. Conclusion South African pregnant women have a high prevalence of GBS recto-vaginal colonization from 20 weeks of gestational age onwards, including high GBS acquisition rates in the last pregnancy-trimesters. There are differences in specific-serotype colonization patterns during pregnancy.
The Role of Innate Immunity in Conditioning Mosquito Susceptibility to West Nile Virus

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent an emerging threat to human and livestock health globally. In particular, those transmitted by mosquitoes present the greatest challenges to disease control efforts. An understanding of the molecular basis for mosquito innate immunity to arbovirus infection is therefore critical to investigations regarding arbovirus evolution, virus-vector ecology, and mosquito vector competence. In this review, we discuss the current state of understanding regarding mosquito innate immunity to West Nile virus. We draw from the literature with respect to other virus-vector pairings to attempt to draw inferences to gaps in our knowledge about West Nile virus and relevant vectors.
R2* and R2 mapping for quantifying recruitment of superparamagnetic iron oxide-tagged endothelial progenitor cells to injured liver: tracking in vitro and in vivo

Objective To evaluate clinical 3.0T magnetic resonance for tracking and quantifying superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)–labeled endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro and homing to liver with acute injury in vivo. Methods The bone marrow-derived EPCs were isolated and cultured for 4 days and examined in vitro for lineage markers. Then the cultured cells were labeled with a ferumoxides-protamine sulfate complex. Iron uptake was analyzed with an electron microscope and Prussian blue staining. Agarose gel phantoms containing different amounts of EPCs (0–2.5 × 106 cells per milliliter of 1.0% agarose gel) were analyzed with 3.0T R2 and R2* relaxometry. For in vivo tracking, liver injury was induced in healthy C57 mice (female, 6 weeks old, weight 19–20 g) by administration of carbon tetrachloride by single intraperitoneal injection. The R2* and R2 mapping of injured and normal livers of C57 mice were conducted by using 3.0T magnetic resonance on Days 0, 1, 4, and 8 after intravenous SPIO-tagged cells transplantation. Results Electron microscope and Perls Prussian blue stain revealed the efficiency of SPIO particles uptake was more than 95% and no structural changes of labeled cells were found compared with control group. R2 and R2* values were linearly correlated with the number of iron-loaded cells in the agarose gel phantoms, and R2* values were significantly greater than R2 (P<0.01). R2* values in all groups were obviously greater than R2 (P<0.01). The R2* values of the injured livers were greater than normal on Days 1 and 4 (P<0.01). No significant difference of R2 values could be found among the three groups. Conclusion Quantitative R2* mapping provides a useful method for quantifying intravascular administered SPIO-tagged EPCs homing to injured livers.
A COMPARISON OF THE GROWTH OF SELECTED MYCOBACTERIA IN HELA, MONKEY KIDNEY, AND HUMAN AMNION CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

HeLa, monkey kidney, and human amnion cells in tissue cultures were compared as sites for the multiplication of strains of tubercle bacilli or original and reduced pathogenicity, and for several other species of mycobacteria capable of causing disease in humans. The arrangement of the pathogenic species inorder of their growth rates in HeLa cells was Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium balnei, and the "yellow bacillus," followed closely by the tubercle bacillus. This order was also correct for these species in monkey kidney and human amnion cells, and is the same as that seen in bacteriological media. The arrangement of the strains of tubercle bacilli in order of their growth rates in all three types of cells was: H37Rv, then R1Rv, and lastly H37Ra, which multiplied about as slowly as BCG. An INH-resistant strain grew about as rapidly as H37Rv. Growth of the pathogenic species occurred at about the same rates in HeLa and monkey kidney cells, but was distinctly slower in human amnion cells, which are less active metabolically. Irradiation of the cells in doses up to 5000 r did not affect the subsequent growth of mycobacteria in them. Preliminary experiments with human leprosy bacilli indicate that they can be introduced into these cells in high numbers and that the bacilli then persist for the life of the cells.
HEAT TRANSFER AND DENSITY DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS BETWEEN PARALLEL PLATES IN THE TRANSITION REGIME

The heat conduction and density distributions were experimentally determined for rarefied gases at rest contained between two unequally heated parallel plates. Both argon and nitrogen were used as test gases. Particular attention was focused on obtaining measurements in the transition regime where the ratio of plate spacing to mean free path was between 1 and 20. The gas density distribution was measured by observing the luminescence produced by a high‐energy electron beam traversed between the plates. The experimental results for argon were compared with the analytical results of Wang Chang and Uhlenbeck, Gross and Ziering, and Lees. In computing these results the thermal accommodation coefficient measured in the free‐molecule regime was used with the assumption that its value remained constant over the entire pressure range. The average agreement between the heat conduction data and the results of the four‐moment methods of Lees and Gross‐Ziering was about 2%, while the measured density profiles agreed with the results of these analyses within 3%. Both the heat conduction and density distribution data differ by ∼10‐20% from the results of Gross‐Ziering's eight‐moment method.