Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Musandam culmination (Sultanate of Oman and United Arab Emirates) and the Straits of Hormuz syntaxis

The Musandam Mountains form a link, both in time and space, between the late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction tectonics of the Oman Mountains and the late Tertiary continental collision tectonics of the Zagros Fold belt of Iran. Culmination of the Musandam shelf carbonates occurred after the Turonian-Maastrichtian thin-skinned thrusting of the Oman Mountains was completed. The basal Hagab thrust cuts up-section to the west from at least mid-Permian level up to the late Cretaceous Aruma Group and breached up into the overlying previously allochthonous (Cretaceous) Hawasina cherts. In the Hagil Window (Ras al Khaimah), the shelf carbonates show from 4 to 15 km of westward translation. Extrapolation of foreland sequences suggests that Upper Cretaceous Aruma Group and Hawasina complex sediments could occur in the subsurface along the footwall east of the mountain front. The Hagab thrust and Musandam structures plunge south-southwest at increasingly greater depth (and with decreasing amount of translation) and carry all overlying late Cretaceous thrust sheets of the Oman Mountains in a piggy-back fashion. The Eocene-Lr. Oligocene Pabdeh foredeep developed as a result of loading in front of the Musandam thrust sheets wedging out to the south. The trailing (south-eastern) edge of the Musandam culmination is a hinged listric normal fault downthrowing to the south-east up to 2.5 km at Bayah and less than 500 m at the western end of Batha Mahani, and is interpreted as a dorsal culmination collapse feature.
The metabolic syndrome defined by factor analysis and incident type 2 diabetes in a chinese population with high postprandial glucose.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine how the major components of the metabolic syndrome relate to each other and to the development of diabetes using factor analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The screening survey for type 2 diabetes was conducted in 1994, and a follow-up study of nondiabetic individuals at baseline was carried out in 1999 in the Beijing area. Among 934 nondiabetic and 305 diabetic subjects at baseline, factor analysis was performed using the principle components analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation of continuously distributed variables considered to represent the components of the metabolic syndrome. Fasting insulin was used as a marker for insulin resistance. Of the 559 subjects without diabetes at baseline, 129 developed diabetes during the 5-year follow-up. Factors identified at baseline were used as independent variables in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine risk factor clusters predicting the development of diabetes. RESULTS Four factors were identified in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. Fasting insulin levels, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio were associated with one factor. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were associated with the second factor. Two-hour postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) and serum insulin and fasting plasma glucose were associated with the third factor. Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with the fourth factor. The first and the third factors predicted the development of diabetes. In diabetic patients at baseline, the combination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the most important factor, and urinary albumin excretion rate clustered with fasting and 2-h PG levels. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance alone does not underlie all features of the metabolic syndrome. Different physiological processes associated with various components of the metabolic syndrome contain unique information about diabetes risk. Microalbunuria is more likely to be a complication of type 2 diabetes or hypertension than a marker for the metabolic syndrome.
Seasonal and intraseasonal biogeochemical variability in the thermocline ridge of the southern tropical Indian Ocean

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) time series shows high variability of surface chlorophyll at seasonal and intraseasonal time scales in the oligotrophic southern tropical Indian Ocean thermocline ridge called the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge (SCTR). The SCTR is characterized by an open ocean upwelling due to local Ekman pumping, which annually maintains the mixed layer (ML) shallow and is responsive to atmospheric forcing and in particular to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) at an intraseasonal time scale. Here we present an overview of SCTR biogeochemistry and investigate the physical processes driving the response observed at seasonal and intraseasonal time scales. Using satellite observations and biophysical ocean simulations, we show that seasonal and intraseasonal SeaWiFS signals (in austral winter and during MJO events, respectively) correspond to wind-induced mixing episodes. During such episodes, entrainment fertilizes the ML and allows phytoplankton production. Increased surface production is compensated by a decrease in the subsurface due to light limitation, leading to no significant change in integrated biomass and carbon export. Satellite observations and model results support the conclusion that the biogeochemical response to MJO is highly dependent on interannual variability of thermocline depth. Following Indian Ocean Dipole events, deepened nutrient-rich waters prevent nutrient input into the ML, decreasing the biogeochemical response to MJO. These results shed light on the physical processes at work in the strong surface temperature response to MJO in this region and suggest that entrainment cooling can play a role in the temperature signature to the MJO but is highly modulated by basin-scale interannual variability.
Does Uncertainty Reduce Growth? Using Disasters as Natural Experiments

A growing body of evidence suggests that uncertainty is counter cyclical, rising sharply in recessions and falling in booms. But what is the causal relationship between uncertainty and growth? To identify this we construct cross country panel data on stock market levels and volatility as proxies for the first and second moments of business conditions. We then use natural disasters, terrorist attacks and unexpected political shocks as instruments for our stock market proxies of first and second moment shocks. We find that both the first and second moments are highly significant in explaining GDP growth, with second moment shocks accounting for at least a half of the variation in growth. Variations in higher moments of stock market returns appear to have little impact on growth.
Stabilization of the thermolabile variant S113L of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II

Objective: Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) II deficiency, the most common defect of lipid metabolism in muscle, is characterized by attacks of myoglobinuria without persistent muscle weakness. Methods: His6-N-hCPT2 (wild-type) and His6-N-hCPT2/S113L (variant) were produced recombinantly in prokaryotic host and characterized according to their functional and regulatory properties. Results: The wild-type and the variant S113L showed the same enzymatic activity and thermostability at 30°C. The mutated enzyme, however, revealed an abnormal thermal destabilization at 40°C and 45°C. This was consistent with an increased flexibility (B-factor) of the variant at 40°C compared with that of the wild-type shown by molecular dynamics analysis. Preincubation of the enzymes with l-carnitine and acyl-l-carnitines containing more than 10 carbons in the acyl side-chain stabilized the mutated enzyme against thermal inactivation. In contrast, palmitoyl-CoA destabilized both enzymes. Conclusions: The problems in CPT II deficiency originating from the S113L mutation are not caused by the loss of catalytically active enzyme. They might be at least partially related to an impaired thermal stability of the protein. The lower thermodynamic stability of the variant might explain why fever and prolonged exertion provoke attacks of myoglobinuria in CPT II deficiency. The stabilization by acyl-l-carnitines might provide the basis for possible preventive therapy of CPT II deficiency.
Near‐Sun and near‐Earth manifestations of solar eruptions

We compare the near-Sun and near-Earth manifestations of solar eruptions that occurred during November 1994 to June 1998. We compared white-light coronal mass ejections, metric type II radio bursts, and extreme ultraviolet wave transients (near the Sun) with interplanetary (IP) signatures such as decameter-hectometric type II bursts, kilometric type II bursts, IP ejecta, and IP shocks. We did a two-way correlation study to (1) look for counterparts of metric type II bursts that occurred close to the central meridian and (2) look for solar counterparts of IP shocks and IP ejecta. We used data from Wind and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory missions along with metric radio burst data from ground-based solar observatories. Analysis shows that (1) most (93%) of the metric type II bursts did not have IP signatures, (2) most (80%) of the IP events (IP ejecta and shocks) did not have metric counterparts, and (3) a significant fraction (26%) of IP shocks were detected in situ without drivers. In all these cases the drivers (the coronal mass ejections) were ejected transverse to the Sun-Earth line, suggesting that the shocks have a much larger extent than the drivers. Shocks originating from both limbs of the Sun arrived at Earth, contradicting earlier claims that shocks from the west limb do not reach Earth. These shocks also had good type II radio burst association. We provide an explanation for the observed relation between metric, decameter-hectometric, and kilometric type II bursts based on the fast mode magnetosonic speed profile in the solar atmosphere.
Perception and Emotion

Perception and emotion interact, as is borne out by studies of how people recognize emotion from facial expressions. Psychological and neurological research has elucidated the processes, and the brain structures, that participate in facial emotion recognition. Studies have shown that emotional reactions to viewing faces can be very rapid and that these reactions may, in turn, be used to judge the emotion shown in the face. Recent experiments have argued that people actively explore facial expressions in order to recognize the emotion, a mechanism that emphasizes the instrumental nature of social cognition.
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Regional Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Water Yield across the Loess Plateau, China

The general relationships between vegetation and water yield under different climatic regimes are well established at a small watershed scale in the past century. However , applications of these basic theories to evaluate the regional effects of land cover change on water resources remain challenging due to the complex interactions of vegetation and climatic variability and hydrologic processes at the large scale. The objective of this study was to explore ways to examine the spatial and temporal effects of a large ecological restoration project on water yield across the Loess Plateau region in northern China. We estimated annual water yield as the difference between precipitation input and modelled actual evapotranspiration (ET) output. We constructed a monthly ET model using published ET data derived from eddy flux measurements and watershed streamflow data. We validated the ET models at a watershed and regional levels. The model was then applied to examine regional water yield under land cover change and climatic variability during the implementation of the Grain-for-Green (GFG) project during 1999–2007. We found that water yield in 38 % of the Loess Plateau area might have decreased (1–48 mm per year) as a result of land cover change alone. However, combined with climatic variability, 37 % of the study area might have seen a decrease in water yield with a range of 1–54 mm per year, and 35 % of the study area might have seen an increase with a range of 1–10 mm per year. Across the study region, climate variability masked or strengthened the water yield response to vegetation restoration. The absolute annual water yield change due to vegetation restoration varied with precipitation regimes with the highest in wet years, but the relative water yield changes were most pronounced in dry years. We concluded that the effects of land cover change associated with ecological restoration varied greatly over time and space and were strongly influenced by climatic variability in the arid region. The current regional vegetation restoration projects have variable effects on local water resources across the region. Land management planning must consider the influences of spatial climate variability and long-term climate change on water yield to be more effective for achieving environmental sustainability.
The CDC20 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a beta-transducin homolog, is required for a subset of microtubule-dependent cellular processes

Previous analysis of cdc20 mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests that the CDC20 gene product (Cdc20p) is required for two microtubule-dependent processes, nuclear movements prior to anaphase and chromosome separation. Here we report that cdc20 mutants are defective for a third microtubule-mediated event, nuclear fusion during mating of G1 cells, but appear normal for a fourth microtubule-dependent process, nuclear migration after DNA replication. Therefore, Cdc20p is required for a subset of microtubule-dependent processes and functions at multiple stages in the life cycle. Consistent with this interpretation, we find that cdc20 cells arrested by alpha-factor or at the restrictive temperature accumulate anomalous microtubule structures, as detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The anomalous microtubule staining patterns are due to cdc20 because intragenic revertants that revert the temperature sensitivity have normal microtubule morphologies. cdc20 mutants have a sevenfold increase in the intensity of antitubulin fluorescence in intranuclear spindles compared with spindles from wild-type cells, yet the total amount of tubulin is indistinguishable by Western immunoblot analysis. This result suggests that Cdc20p modulates microtubule structure in wild-type cells either by promoting microtubule disassembly or by altering the surface of the microtubules. Finally, we cloned and sequenced CDC20 and show that it encodes a member of a family of proteins that share homology to the beta subunit of transducin.
Variation of 9-Desaturase Activity in Dairy Cattle

The endogenous production of unsaturated fatty acids (FA), particularly some monounsaturated FA (%MONO) and nearly all conjugated linoleic acids, is regulated by the 9-desaturase activity. The aims of this study were to assess the variation of this enzymatic activity within lactation, across dairy breeds, and to estimate its genetic parameters. The ratios of C14:1 cis-9 to C14:0, C16:1 cis-9 to C16:0, and C18:1 cis to C18:0 were calculated from FA contents predicted by mid-infrared spectrometry. Variance components and standard errors were estimated using average information REML. The multitrait mixed model included as fixed effects herd × test date × class of lactation number, class of days in milk × class of lactation number, class of age × class of lactation number, and regressions on breed composition. Four random effects were also included: animal genetic effect, 2 permanent environments (within and across lactations), and residual effect. Under the assumption that the calculated ratios are an approximate measurement of 9-desaturase activity, this study showed different sources of variation for this enzymatic activity. A slight difference was observed within lactation. The ratios of C14:1 cis-9 to C14:0 and C16:1 cis-9 to C16:0 increased as a function of days in milk. Differences across 7 dairy breeds were observed. The values of 9-desaturase indices observed for Jersey and Brown-Swiss cows were lower compared with Holstein. The opposite was observed for dual-purpose Belgian Blue cows. Values of heritability for the ratios of C14:1 cis-9 to C14:0, C16:1 cis-9 to C16:0, and C18:1 cis to C18:0 were 20, 20, and 3%, respectively. Negative genetic correlations observed between fat or protein contents and the 3 indices suggested that an increased activity of 9-desaturase could inhibit the synthesis of fat and protein in bovine milk. Negative Received July 16, 2007. Accepted April 3, 2008. 1Corresponding author: soyeurt.h@fsagx.ac. be 3211 correlations were also observed between fat or protein contents and the contents of 3 studied unsaturated FA in milk fat (C14:1 cis-9, C16:1 cis-9, and C18:1 cis). The positive genetic correlations observed between %MONO and the ratios of C14:1 cis-9 to C14:0 (0.72), C16:1 cis-9 to C16:0 (0.62), and C18:1 cis to C18:0 (0.97) showed that %MONO is linked to the 9-desaturase activity.
Origin of silicic magma in Iceland revealed by Th isotopes

Th, Sr, Nd, and O isotopes have been determined in a suite of volcanic rocks from Hekla and in a few samples from Askja and Krafla volcanic centers in Iceland. Although {sup 87}Sr/{sup 86}Sr and {sup 143}Nd/{sup 144}Nd ratios are nearly the same for all compositions at Hekla, the ({sup 230}Th/{sup 232}Th) ratios differ and thus clearly show that the silicic rocks cannot be derived from fractional crystallization of a more primitive magma. Similar results are obtained for the Krafla and Askja volcanic centers, where the {delta}{sup 18}O values are much lower in the silicic magma than in the mafic magma. These data suggest that large volumes of silicic rocks in central volcanoes of the neovolcanic zones in Iceland are produced by partial melting of the underlying crust.
Integration of vectorwise with ingres

Actian Corporation recently entered into a cooperative relationship with VectorWise BV to integrate its Vector-Wise technology into the Ingres RDBMS server. The resulting commercial product has already achieved phenomenal performance results with the TPC-H industry standard benchmark, and has been well received in the analytical RDBMS market. This paper describes the integration of the VectorWise technology with Ingres, some of the design decisions made as part of the integration project, and the problems that had to be solved in the process.
On the rational formulation of alternative fuels: melting point and net heat of combustion predictions for fuel compounds using machine learning methods

We report the development of predictive models for two fuel specifications: melting points (T m) and net heat of combustion (Δc H). Compounds inside the scope of these models are those likely to be found in alternative fuels, i.e. hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters. Experimental T m and Δc H values for these types of molecules have been gathered to generate a unique database. Various quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) approaches have been used to build models, ranging from methods leading to multi-linear models such as genetic function approximation (GFA), or partial least squares (PLS) to those leading to non-linear models such as feed-forward artificial neural networks (FFANN), general regression neural networks (GRNN), support vector machines (SVM), or graph machines. Except for the case of the graph machines method for which the only inputs are SMILES formulae, previously listed approaches working on molecular descriptors and functional group count descriptors were used to develop specific models for T m and Δc H. For each property, the predictive models return slightly different responses for each molecular structure. Therefore, models labelled as ‘consensus models’ were built by averaging values computed with selected individual models. Predicted results were then compared with experimental data and with predictions of models in the literature.
Apolipoprotein CIII regulates lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 expression via the MAPK and NFκB pathways

Apolipoprotein CIII (apo CIII), a small glycoprotein that binds to the surfaces of certain lipoproteins, is associated with inflammatory and atherogenic responses in vascular cells. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has been proposed as an inflammatory biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we report that apo CIII increases Lp-PLA2 mRNA and protein levels in dose- and time- dependent manner in human monocytic THP-1 cells, and the increase can be abolished by MAPK and NF&kgr;B pathway inhibitors. Lp-PLA2 inhibitor, 1-linoleoyl glycerol attenuates the inflammation induced by apo CIII. In turn, exogenous Lp-PLA2 expression upregulates apo CIII and the upregulation can be inhibited by 1-linoleoyl glycerol in HepG2 cells. Moreover, plasma Lp-PLA2 level is correlated with apo CIII expression in pig liver. In vivo, Lp-PLA2 expression in monocytes and its activity in serum were significantly increased in human apo CIII transgenic porcine models compared with wild-type pigs. Our results suggest that Lp-PLA2 and apo CIII expression level is correlated with each other in vitro and in vivo.
Understanding Key Features of High-Impact Bug Reports

Nowadays, software projects are receiving bug reports on a daily basis. Developers cannot treat all the bugs in the same priority since some bugs can significantly affect software development process and the quality of products. Previous studies defined these bugs as High Impact Bug (HIB) and they found that HIB should be fixed quicker than other bugs in software development. However, fixing a HIB sometimes become complicated because the low-quality bug reports can be delay the bug fixing. In this study, we investigate what information is essential when reporting a HIB report. As a case study, we manually examine the HIB reports and perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis in Apache Camel project. Our main findings include: (1) we find four types of features are the most requested information from developers when they fix HIB, (2) the requested additional information significantly influences bug fixing time.
GEOCHEMISTRY OF MESOZOIC MARGINAL BASIN FLOOR IGNEOUS ROCKS FROM SOUTHERN CHILE

Extension behind a Late Jurassic continental margin volcanic arc in southern Chile caused rifting and the development of a narrow marginal basin floored by oceanic crust. Extension ceased and the basin was closed and uplifted in mid-Cretaceous time, so the basin floor is now exposed as the upper part of an autochthonous ophiolite complex composed of gabbros, sheeted dikes, and pillow lavas, with minor plagiogranite and associated siliceous dikes. Many of the rocks are altered. The metamorphic grade increases from zeolite or greenschist facies in the pillow lavas to amphibolite facies in the gabbros, but the maximum intensity of recrystallization occurs in the sheeted dike unit and is associated with loss of Rb and K and increasing K/Rb ratio, contrasting with the effects produced by low-temperature alteration of basalts by sea water. Metamorphic effects seem to be related to hydrothermal convective systems operating at the spreading axis at the time of basin formation. Geochemically, the rocks have affinities with mid-oceanic ridge basalts, but K, Rb, and Ba contents and Ba/Sr and Ce/Yb ratios are higher and K/Rb ratios are lower in the least altered rocks than in mid-oceanic ridge basalts. Similar features are apparent in some other marginal basin basalts. Fractionation trends are tholeiitic, the mafic rocks displaying a wide range of Fe/Mg ratios (0.9 to 5.2) but without any concomitant silica enrichment. Rare-earth elements, TiO 2 , and Zr correlate positively and Cr and Ni negatively with Fe/Mg, while the gabbros have lower contents of some incompatible elements as a result of their cumulate nature. The leucocratic rocks within the mafic complex have been derived from two distinct sources. Some trondhjemites and granophyres have compositions indicating derivation by refusion of continental material bordering the mafic complex. The plagiogranites, however, have a distinctive geochemistry, consistent with an origin by high-level differentiation of the mafic magmas. Such rocks, normally lying in or just below the sheeted dike unit, may be a common if minor component of oceanic crust.