Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyclodextrins but not Compactin Inhibit the Lateral Diffusion of Membrane Proteins Independent of Cholesterol

Cholesterol and glycosphingolipid‐enriched membrane domains, termed lipid rafts, were proposed to play important roles in trafficking and signaling events. These functions are inhibited following putative disruption of rafts by cholesterol depletion, commonly induced by treatment with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD). However, several studies showed that the lateral diffusion of membrane proteins is inhibited by MβCD, suggesting that it may have additional effects on membrane organization unrelated to cholesterol removal. Here, we investigated this possibility by comparison of the effects of cholesterol depletion by MβCD and by metabolic inhibition (compactin), and of treatment with α‐CD, which does not bind cholesterol. The studies employed two series of proteins (Ras and influenza hemagglutinin), each containing as internal controls related mutants that differ in raft association. Mild MβCD treatment retarded the lateral diffusion of both raft and non‐raft mutants, whereas similar cholesterol reduction (30–33%) by metabolic inhibition enhanced selectively the diffusion of the raft‐associated mutants. Moreover, α‐CD also inhibited the diffusion of raft and non‐raft mutants, despite its lack of effect on cholesterol content. These findings suggest that the widely used treatment with CD to reduce cholesterol has additional, cholesterol‐independent effects on membrane protein mobility, which do not necessarily distinguish between raft and non‐raft proteins.
Reflective Journal Writing as a Tool to Teach Aspects of Social Studies

This article analyses the impact of a constructivist approach to learning in Jordan, where a traditional context of passive/receptive philosophy of teaching prevails. Student teachers were introduced to journal writing. It was expected that their experiences with journal writing would afford them a better understanding of how it would affect their learning to teach social education. Thirty students were given a short course in journal writing as a reflective learning tool in their final placement. The schools operated passive/receptive approaches to learning and the students in the sample had experienced this throughout their own schooling. The impact of the course was assessed using semi-structured interviews. Some students found the experience stressful, but 75% found it fruitful and motivating.
STUDIES OF THE PERFORMANCE CAPABILITIES OF DIVERS: THE EFFECTS OF COLD.

Abstract : The study examines the performance capabilities of divers. Trials were conducted at various water temperatures to assess the effects of cold. Dry land trials provided control performance scores. The capabilities tested were; tactile sensitivity, manual dexterity, manual movement, reasoning(arithmetic), problem solving, memory, and a multi-task capability requiring simultaneous manual tracking and attention to an audio channel. The data indicates that diving in warm water causes loss in motor functions due, it is thought, to the changes and hindrances experienced in the diving condition. Diving in cold water increases the motor loss and causes distraction and disruption in mental tasks; 'blocking' in attention and lowered memory capability were found. Impairment of performance on the multi-task was considerable. It is hypothesized that cold water stress, in addition to causing specific sensory and motor losses, causes increasing losses of capability as the task becomes more complex and is more dependent on sustained attention and memory functions. (Author)
Sources of work-related acute fatigue in United States hospital nurses.

This study identified the nursing work activities that could be the primary sources of work-related acute fatigue in US hospital nurses. Continuous recording of working heart rate and random observations of nursing activities were applied to collect data from eight nurses during two consecutive 12 h day shifts. Using descriptive statistics and random-effect analysis of variance, the contributions of individual nursing work activities to acute fatigue were compared based on the activity frequencies and nurses' corresponding heart rate elevations. Of 860 observed nursing-related work activities, manual patient-handling, bedside-care, care-coordinating, and walking/standing activities accounted for 5%, 16%, 38%, and 41%, respectively. After controlling for the differences of participant and shift, the percentage of working heart rate to maximal heart rate of manual patient-handling (64.3%), bedside-care (59.7%), and walking/standing (57.4%) activities were significantly higher than that of care-coordinating activities (52.3%, F[3, 38.0] = 7.5, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that bedside care and walking/standing, other than manual patient handling, contributed most to the level of acute fatigue.
Neuronal processing of food pictures

4 Introduction . 5 Face and Object processing at the inferior temporal cortex . 7 The pathway from sensation to cognition . 5 Brain regions involved in visual food perception . 9 A short overview on research with visual food cues . 10 Building up a distributed network for food processing . 14 Motivation and salience of picture categories . 15 Influences on food perception . 15 Deduction of thesis . 16 Methods . 17 Stimulus Material . 17 Subjects . 17 Data acquisition . 18
Reconstruction from Randomized Graph via Low Rank Approximation

The privacy concerns associated with data analysis over social networks have spurred recent research on privacypreserving social network analysis, particularly on privacypreserving publishing of social network data. In this paper, we focus on whether we can reconstruct a graph from the edge randomized graph such that accurate feature values can be recovered. In particular, we present a low rank approximation based reconstruction algorithm. We exploit spectral properties of the graph data and show why noise could be separated from the perturbed graph using low rank approximation. We also show key differences from previous findings of point-wise reconstruction methods on numerical data through empirical evaluations and theoretical justifications.
Pressure Ulcer Treatment Strategies

BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers affect as many as 3 million Americans and are major sources of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. PURPOSE To summarize evidence comparing the effectiveness and safety of treatment strategies for adults with pressure ulcers. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Health Technology Assessment Database for English- or foreign-language studies; reference lists; gray literature; and individual product packets from manufacturers (January 1985 to October 2012). STUDY SELECTION Randomized trials and comparative observational studies of treatments for pressure ulcers in adults and noncomparative intervention series (n > 50) for surgical interventions and evaluation of harms. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted and evaluated for accuracy of the extraction, quality of included studies, and strength of evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS 174 studies met inclusion criteria and 92 evaluated complete wound healing. In comparison with standard care, placebo, or sham interventions, moderate-strength evidence showed that air-fluidized beds (5 studies [n = 908]; high consistency), protein-containing nutritional supplements (12 studies [n = 562]; high consistency), radiant heat dressings (4 studies [n = 160]; moderate consistency), and electrical stimulation (9 studies [n = 397]; moderate consistency) improved healing of pressure ulcers. Low-strength evidence showed that alternating-pressure surfaces, hydrocolloid dressings, platelet-derived growth factor, and light therapy improved healing of pressure ulcers. The evidence about harms was limited. LIMITATION Applicability of results is limited by study quality, heterogeneity in methods and outcomes, and inadequate duration to assess complete wound healing. CONCLUSION Moderate-strength evidence shows that healing of pressure ulcers in adults is improved with the use of air-fluidized beds, protein supplementation, radiant heat dressings, and electrical stimulation.
Effect of Acute Stress on Hippocampal Glutamate Levels and Spectrin Proteolysis in Young and Aged Rats

Abstract: Aging in rats is associated with a loss of hippocampal neurons, which may contribute to age‐related cognitive deficits. Several lines of evidence suggest that stress and glucocorticoids may contribute to age‐related declines in hippocampal neuronal number. Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) have been implicated in the glucocorticoid endangerment and stress‐induced morphological changes of hippocampal neurons of young rats. Previously, we have reported that acute immobilization stress can increase extracellular concentrations of the endogenous excitatory amino acid, glutamate, in the hippocampus. The present study examined the effect of an acute bout of immobilization stress on glutamate levels in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of young (3–4‐month) and aged (22–24‐month) Fischer 344 rats. In addition, the effect of stress on spectrin proteolysis in these two brain regions was also examined. Spectrin is a cytoskeleton protein that contributes to neuronal integrity and proteolysis of this protein has been proposed as an important component of EAA‐induced neuronal death. There was no difference in basal glutamate levels between young and old rats in the hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex. During the period of restraint stress a modest increase in glutamate levels in the hippocampus of young and aged rats was observed. After the termination of the stress procedure, hippocampal glutamate concentrations continued to rise in the aged rats, reaching a level approximately five times higher than the young rats, and remained elevated for at least 2 h after the termination of the stress. A similar pattern was also observed in the medial prefrontal cortex with an augmented post‐stress‐induced glutamate response observed in the aged rats. There was no increase in spectrin proteolysis in the hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex of young or aged rats after stress or under basal nonstress conditions. The enhanced poststress glutamate response in the aged rats may contribute to the increased sensitivity of aged rats to neurotoxic insults.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Orally Administrated Denatured Naja Naja Atra Venom on Murine Rheumatoid Arthritis Models

To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the denatured Naja Naja atra venom (NNAV) in rheumatoid arthritis-associated models, the denatured NNAV (heat treated; 30, 90, 270 μg/kg), the native NNAV (untreated with heat; 90 μg/kg), and Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP, 15 mg/kg) were administrated orally either prophylactically or therapeutically. We measured time of licking the affected paw in formaldehyde-induced inflammatory model, paw volume in egg-white-induced inflammation, and granuloma weight in formalin-soaked filter paper-induced granuloma. For adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats, paw edema, mechanical withdrawal threshold, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10, and histopathological changes of the affected paw were assessed. We found that the denatured NNAV (90, 270 μg/kg) significantly reduced time of licking paw, paw volume, and granuloma weight in above inflammatory models and also attenuated paw edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, and histopathology changes in AIA rats. Additionally, the increase in serum TNF-α and the decrease in serum IL-10 in AIA rats were reversed by the denatured NNAV. Although the native NNAV and TWP rendered the similar pharmacological actions on the above four models with less potency than that of the denatured NNAV, these findings demonstrate that oral administration of the denatured NNAV produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities on rheumatoid arthritis.
Hierarchical Affinities and a Bipartite Interaction Model for Estrogen Receptor Isoforms and Full-length Steroid Receptor Coactivator (SRC/p160) Family Members*

Nuclear receptor (NR)-mediated transcription is driven by dynamic multiprotein coactivator complexes, the composition of which is thought to determine the biological activity of NRs at specific promoters. The extent to which NRs discriminate between a spectrum of potential binding partners is intuitively a function of the inherent affinities of these individual interactions. Using real time interaction analysis with BIAcore, we evaluated the affinities and kinetics of the interactions of full-length members of the SRC/p160 coactivator family with estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ bound to a variety of ligands. We substantiate that 17β-estradiol enhances the affinity of ER-SRC/p160 interactions, whereas 4(OH)-tamoxifen, raloxifene, and ICI-182,780 inhibit these interactions. We show that a well defined, ER isoform-specific hierarchy governs the association of liganded ERs with full length SRC/p160 family members. Moreover, our data indicate that the interaction affinities of the full-length SRC/p160s with ERs are significantly higher then those of the NR interaction domains of the same coactivators, indicating that portions of coactivator molecules distinct from NR interaction domains might participate in receptor-coactivator complex formation. Finally, the interaction kinetics of SRC/p160s with ERs are consistent with a bipartite model, involving initial rapid formation of an unstable intermediate complex, and a subsequent slower reaction leading to its stabilization. We interpret our results as evidence that hierarchical coactivator interaction affinities are an important source of diversity in NR-mediated signaling and that the complexity of receptor-coactivator cross-talk might be best understood in the context of full-length molecules.
Hemispheric differences in preparatory attention : a divided visual field study

A crucial aspect of attentional control is the capacity of anticipating a stimulus appearance in order to improve the speed and effectiveness of its subsequent processing. Preparatory attention (PA) is the ability to modulate (enhance) the intensity of attention directed to a selected stimulus prior to its occurrence, preventing subjects from being distracted by interfering stimuli. Some studies propose that PA is lateralized to the right hemisphere (RH) while others suggest that both the left hemisphere (LH) and the RH participate in the modulation of PA. The aim of the present thesis was to examine the role of each brain hemisphere in the modulation of PA directed to a spatial location. We developed a lateralized version of the Attentional Preparatory Test, (APT, proposed par LaBerge, Auclair & Sieroff, 2000), named the Lateralized APT or LAPT. The APT measures the ability of subjects to modulate PA directed to a target location when the probability of a distractor occurrence varies across several blocks of trials. In the APT, the response times increased as the probability of a distractor appearing in the preparatory phase preceding the target presentation increased, showing that PA is modulated by the events occurring prior to the target appearance. We developed the LAPT using the divided visual field paradigm in which stimuli can occur in the left (LVF) or the right (RVF) visual fields. The visual field differences in subjects’ performance are assumed to reflect differences in the processing strategies of both hemispheres (RVF/LH vs LVF/RH). In a series of studies we showed that the modulation of PA by the expected probability of events was different in each visual field/hemisphere, depending on task configuration. In the RVF/LH, PA is modulated by the expected probability of distractor events, especially when this probability is explicit. In addition, the LH seems to play a crucial role in modulating PA when the target and the distractor are hard to discriminate. In the LVF/RH, PA is modulated by the temporal probability of events and may depend on the most probable delay in which the target is expected, but only when the discrimination between the target and the distractor is easy. Most importantly, our findings suggest that the differences between RVF/LH and LVF/RH in the modulation of PA take place at the perceptual level of processing because they are independent of the hand use in executing the response, thus also independent of the processes taking place at the motor programming level. Taken together our results, they suggest that each hemisphere uses a different strategy to modulate PA when directed to a spatial location.
Autism : mind and brain

Introduction 1. Understanding autism: insights from mind and brain 2. A retrospective analysis of the clinical case records of 'autistic psychopaths' diagnosed by Hans Asperger and his team at the University Children's Hospital, Vienna 3. Identifying neurocognitive phenotypes in autism 4. Why is joint attention a pivotal skill in autism? 5. Does the perception of moving eyes trigger reflexive visual orienting in autism? 6. The pathogenesis of autism: insights from congenital blindness 7. The enactive mind, or from actions to cognition: lessons from autism 8. The systemizing quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism and normal sex differences 9. Towards an understanding of the mechanisms of weak central coherence effects: experiments in visual configural learning and auditory perception 10. Disentangling weak coherence and executive dysfunction: planning drawing in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 11. Autism and movement disturbance 12. Investigating individual differences in brain abnormalities in autism 13. The role of the fusiform face area in social cognition: implications for the pathobiology of autism
Reka Bentuk dan Implementasi Suatu Penghurai Bahasa Melayu Menggunakan Sistem Logik Selari

Pemprosesan Bahasa Tabii (PBT) berkaitan dengan pemahaman bahasa tabii dengan tujuan memahami struktur ayat terse but contohnya bahasa Jnggeris atau bahasa Melayu. Matlamat utama PBT ialah mereka bentuk dan membina sebuah perisian yang boleh menganalisis, memahami dan menghasilkan bahasa tabii manusia. Aplikasi untuk sistem PBT meliputi penterjemahan mesin untuk teks bahasa manusia kepada yang lain, penghasilan teks bahasa manusia seperti fiksyen, manual, dan deskripsi umUffi. Ia juga bertindak sebagai antara muka dengan sistem pangkalan data dan sistem robotik bagi penggunaan bahasa manusia untuk arahan dan pertanyaan serta memahami teks bagi penyediaan ringkasan atau menghasilkan kesimpulan. Tugas yang paling mudah untuk sistem PBT ini ialah menghurai ayat bagi menentukan sintaks ayat tersebut. Tugas yang lebih sukar adalah untuk menentukan makna ayat terse but. Tugas yang paling sukar adalah untuk menganalisis konteks ayat bagi menentukan makna yang sebenar dan membandingkannya dengan teks yang lain. Oleh itu satu sistem diperlukan bagi membantu proses pemahaman ini. Sistem ini memerlukan masa pemprosesan perkomputeran yang tinggi untuk mengasingkan perkataan, menjana perwakilan bahasa formal dan memahamkan apa sebenarnya yang dimaksudkan oleh sesuatu ayat yang diinput oIeh pengguna. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji konsep asas pemprosesan bahasa tabii untuk bahasa Melayu. Satu cara yang akan digunakan untuk perIaksanaan sistem PBT dalam kajian ini adalah dengan menghasilkan klausa-klausa Parlog berasaskan nahu BNF bahasa Melayu. Ayat input yang dimasukkan akan dihurai menggunakan teknik analisis sintaks dengan penghuraian atas-ke-bawah. Kaedah ini boleh menentukan struktur yang sah untuk ayat yang diinput oleh pengguna. Parlog ialah sejenis bahasa pengaturcaraan logik selari. Program Parlog terdiri daripada klausa Hom yang boleh dibaca secara deklaratif untuk ayat susunan logik pertama. Dua bentuk ayat input iaitu ayat tunggal dan ayat majmuk bahasa Melayu digunakan untuk pengujian. Kedua-dua jenis ayat input tadi akan dihurai oleh sistem penghurai PBT bagi menentukan struktur yang sah untuk ayat tersebut. Kejayaan atau kegagalan penghuraian sesuatu ayat bergantung kepada definisi struktur yang dibentuk menerusi klausa Parlog dalam sistem penghurai. Sebagai kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Parlog sesuai digunakan untuk membangunkan sebuah sistem PBT untuk bahasa Melayu.
Effect of SIIS on work function of self-aligned PtSi FUSI metal-gated capacitors

A novel self-aligned fully silicided (FUSI) gate process for the integration of platinum monosilicide (PtSi) as a metal gate for pMOS applications is presented. It is shown that during Pt silicidation at elevated temperatures in oxygen ambient, a thin continuous SiO/sub 2/ film grows along the Pt-silicide outer surface that effectively protects the FUSI structures during the selective metal wet etch. PtSi FUSI MOS capacitors were fabricated with the new process and electrically characterized. The PtSi work function /spl Phi//sub m/ was extracted as 4.90 /spl plusmn/ 0.02 eV on SiO/sub 2/ and 4.83 /spl plusmn/ 0.05 eV on HfSiO gate dielectric. The /spl Phi//sub m/ difference is attributed to a Fermi-level pinning at the gate/HfSiO dielectric interface. The effect of implanted dopants prior to the FUSI process on the PtSi /spl Phi//sub m/ on SiO/sub 2/ gate dielectric is also addressed. Dopants investigated (As, P, and Sb) resulted in a work function reduction with respect to undoped PtSi, with the largest work function shift /spl Delta//spl Phi//sub m/ obtained for Sb. The correlation between /spl Delta//spl Phi//sub m/ and SIIS at the PtSi/dielectric interface is discussed in terms of first-principle simulations, taking into consideration impurity atom size and the change in surface dipole in a PtSi/impurity/vacuum system.
High‐frequency measurement of seawater chemistry: Flow‐injection analysis of macronutrients

We adapted a commercially available flow‐injection autoanalyzer (Lachat Quik‐Chem 8000) to measure seawater nitrate concentrations at a rate of nearly 0.1 Hz and phosphate and silicate concentrations at a rate half that. Several minor improvements, including reduced sample‐loop size, high sample flushing rate, modified carrier chemistry, and use of peak height rather than peak area as a proxy for nutrient concentration aided in the increase in sampling rate. The most significant improvement, however, was the construction of a copperized cadmium NO3− reduction column that had a high surface area to volume ratio and a stable packing geometry. Preliminary results from a cruise in the Ross Sea in austral spring of 1997 are shown. Precision of all three analyses is better than 1%. Comparison of the nutrient concentrations determined by the rapid analysis method described here with traditional discrete analyses shows that nitrate and silicate determined by the two approaches are within a few percent of each other, but that the phosphate concentrations determined by the rapid analysis are as much as 10% lower than those determined by the discrete analyses.