Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced-Complexity Constrained Recursive Least-Squares Adaptive Filtering Algorithm

A linearly-constrained recursive least-squares adaptive filtering algorithm based on the method of weighting and the dichotomous coordinate descent (DCD) iterations is proposed. The method of weighting is employed to incorporate the linear constraints into the least-squares problem. The normal equations of the resultant unconstrained least-squares problem are then solved using the DCD iterations. The proposed algorithm has a significantly smaller computational complexity than the previously proposed constrained recursive least square (CRLS) algorithm while delivering convergence performance on par with CRLS. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation examples.
Music Perception and Embodied Music Cognition

Music has the capacity to affect humans’ affective, social and cognitive abilities in different ways. For example, music may be used to regulate a person’s mood after a stressful day driving home. Music may be used to connect with other people during rituals, or dancing parties. And many people use music to enjoy the different flavors of sound in aesthetic experiences at home, to learn about the quality of organized sounds and interpret their meanings along with its flow. The different ways of interacting with music have in common that music is most engaging and thus attractive and alluring. People get involved with music and want to be fully absorbed by it. Apparently, there are few things in our environment that touch human nature so profoundly. Why is it? And what is the possible benefit of this musical power? These questions turn out to be extremely difficult and hard to answer because musical experience is subtle and ineffable. Moreover, there are many variable factors that play a role, such as the energetic level or mood of the subject involved with music, the previous preoccupations and conditioning, personality, familiarity, cultural background, context, or educational level. In short, the elusive character of music and the variable context in which music is dealt with make it a challenging research topic. Nevertheless, the power of music touches the core of our human abilities and its understanding necessitates an interdisciplinary research approach. As a matter of fact a core factor of musical power is based on the listener’s ability to interact with music. And a major precondition of this ability is that music is perceived, that is, processed through the senses, perhaps on the basis of previous perception, perhaps involving awareness, conceptualization and interpretation. The concept of perception thus involves a range from sensation to cognition, emotion and even interpretation. In what follows we first consider music perception from a cognitive viewpoint. Then we provide a critique of this cognitive approach and we look for direct evidence for the hypothesis that music perception is integrated with other modalities of human behavior, such as movement and emotion. In the final section we present a dynamic framework in which music perception is tightly linked with body movement, action and environmental interaction.
Gender Differences in Dispositional Attributes, Psychological Adjustments, and Appraisals

There is currently a significant amount of research being conducted to pinpoint differences between men and women and they way they think, emote, and experience life. While the current literature has uncovered significant differences between men in women in terms of their expectations, priorities, and characteristics, there has not been data yet that has discovered systematic differences in the underlying appraisals that comprise our emotional experiences. The purpose of this current study was to find systematic differences in emotional experience between men and women when participating in a math test. Then we examined if these differences in emotional response could be explained by appraisals, and further, see if these appraisals could be explained by differences in dispositional factors. The first substudy was an analysis of dispositional sex differences by aggregating surveys completed by university students throughout the past few decades with a variety of measures assessing personality factors and psychological outcomes. Looking at mean scores and correlations between personality factors and psychological outcomes, we discovered significant differences between the way men and women approach and react to various situations. Our second substudy consisted of a math test with manipulated levels of difficulty and assessments of appraisals and emotions whilst participating in the math study. Results from this substudy showed no significant differences in appraisal or emotional experiences. Therefore, we were able to highlight underlying dispositional factors and psychological outcomes that differed for men and women, but we did not find any differences in emotions and appraisals. A future direction is proposed to address this issue.
Secondary Data Analyses From Published Descriptive Statistics

The Problem The need for human resource development (HRD) to develop theory that will lead to improved practice was recognized in published literature in 2002. Two years after Holton’s initial mandate for theory in HRD, Torraco identified the need for researchers to “interpret old data in new ways” as a core role for theory development in HRD research. Yet over a decade later, few scholarly articles published in journals dedicated to HRD report on secondary data analyses (i.e., interpret old data in new ways). Even fewer have considered how quantitative analysis of secondary data can be used to inform theory. The Solution A three-pronged solution is provided to address the void of secondary data analyses reported in HRD literature. First, this article demonstrates how secondary data analyses can be conducted using only published descriptive statistics as data. Second, it presents user-friendly software to aid scholars and scholar-practitioners in their pursuit of such analyses. Third, it reviews the concept of the general linear model (GLM) as the technique presented is limited to supporting quantitative statistical analyses that fall within the GLM. The Stakeholders Stakeholders include scholars and scholar-practitioners who are interested in conducting quantitative data analyses to inform HRD theory. In addition, scholars and scholar-practitioners who conduct scholarly reviews of academic literature will see why it is important for authors to comply with reporting guidelines that call for relevant descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviations, and correlation matrices to be included in quantitative research reports.
The Secrecy Rate Region of the Broadcast Channel

In this paper, we consider a scenario where a source node wishes to broadcast two confidential messages for two respective receivers, while a wire-tapper also receives the transmitted signal. This model is motivated by wireless communications, where individual secure messages are broadcast over open media and can be received by any illegitimate receiver. The secrecy level is measured by equivocation rate at the eavesdropper. We first study the general (non-degraded) broadcast channel with confidential messages. We present an inner bound on the secrecy capacity region for this model. The inner bound coding scheme is based on a combination of random binning and the Gelfand-Pinsker bining. This scheme matches the Marton's inner bound on the broadcast channel without confidentiality constraint. We further study the situation where the channels are degraded. For the degraded broadcast channel with confidential messages, we present the secrecy capacity region. Our achievable coding scheme is based on Cover's superposition scheme and random binning. We refer to this scheme as Secret Superposition Scheme. In this scheme, we show that randomization in the first layer increases the secrecy rate of the second layer. This capacity region matches the capacity region of the degraded broadcast channel without security constraint. It also matches the secrecy capacity for the conventional wire-tap channel. Our converse proof is based on a combination of the converse proof of the conventional degraded broadcast channel and Csiszar lemma. Finally, we assume that the channels are Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and show that secret superposition scheme with Gaussian codebook is optimal. The converse proof is based on the generalized entropy power inequality.
Phase II study of pemetrexed in combination with carboplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of pemetrexed and carboplatin combination as first-line chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with measurable advanced MPM and a zero to two Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) were enrolled. The schedule was pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) in combination with carboplatin area under the curve 5, every 21 days. In all, 76 patients were treated. Median age was 65 years; median ECOG PS was zero. RESULTS Grade 3 hematological toxicity according to World Health Organization criteria was seen in 36 (47.3%) patients; grade 4 hematological toxicity in 5 (6.5%) patients. There were 16 (21%) partial responses and 3 (4%) complete responses, for an overall response rate of 19 (25%) [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.3-34.7]. In all, 29 (39%) (95% CI 28-48) patients reported stable disease. The median survival was estimated at 14 months. CONCLUSION This combination of carboplatin and pemetrexed is moderately active and the toxicity is acceptable.
The institutionalization and pace of fertility in American stepfamilies

This paper compares nonparametric fertility rates for American women in stepfamilies and intact families using data from the June 1995 Current Population Survey. Results show that childbearing behaviors in stepfamilies resemble those in intact families. Regardless of stepfamily status, timings and levels of fertility for second and third marital births are identical for all women at the same lifetime parity. Fertility patterns are also similar for all first marital births, with the exception of a constant difference of three years in the pace of fertility. These findings are consistent with (1) the institutionalization hypothesis of stepfamily processes; (2) the hypothesis that lifetime parity is the primary determinant of female fertility; and (3) a speculation that women in stepfamilies attempt to catch up on lost fertility outside of marriage.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Dosen, Kualitas Layanan Akademik, dan Kualitas Layanan Administratif Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Mahasiswa

This study aims to investigate the effect of lecturers leadership behavior in the teaching learning process, the academic service quality on students’ satisfaction. Questionaires were distributed to 327 students, who had been proportionally and randomly sampled. The results of discriptive and regression analyses indicate that lecturers’ leadership, academic-service quality mostly fall in the category ranging from good to fair quality, and that there was a significant effect of those three variables on students’ satisfaction.
Freshwater ground penetrating radar the significance of seasonal temperature variation

Relatively high temperatures cause an increase in molecular motion as a result of weaker hydrogen bonding and a reduction in the tetrahedral geometry which in turn leads to depolarisation. Therefore a reduction in temperature aids the radar efficiency in several ways, increases the dielectric constant, reduces the velocity of the EM wave and reduces the effect of molecular vibration as a result of stronger bonds causing a reduction in depolarisation i.e. more efficient polarisation.
Spam : Challenges and Opportunities

Online customer reviews for both products or merchants have greatly affected others' decision making in purchase. Considering the easily accessibility of the reviews and the significant impacts to the retailers, there is an increasing incentive to manipulate the reviews, mostly profit­ driven. Without proper protection, spam reviews will cause gradual loss of credibility of the reviews and corrupt the entire online review systems eventually. Therefore, review spam detection is considered as the first step towards securing the online review systems. In this paper, we aim to overview existing detection approaches in a systematic way, define key research issues, and articulate future research challenges and opportunities for review spam detection.
Context modulates the expression of conditioned motor sensitization, cellular activation and synaptophysin immunoreactivity

We tested the hypothesis that amphetamine (AMPH)‐induced conditioned motor sensitization is accompanied by cellular activation (measured by Fos immunoreactivity) and synaptophysin immunoreactivity in reward‐related brain areas. Forty‐eight rats were tested for conditioned motor sensitization using a conditioning paradigm that was performed in a three‐chambered apparatus. Rats underwent two drug pairings with 1.0 mg/kg AMPH in one outer chamber and, on alternate days, were paired with saline in the other. On the fifth day, relative to the first AMPH treatment, AMPH administration increased motor activity in the AMPH‐paired context but not in the saline‐paired context. Relative to the first saline treatment, saline on the fifth day produced a conditioned increase in motor activity when given in the chamber previously paired with AMPH, and saline given in the saline‐paired context produced a conditioned decrease in motor activity. AMPH administered in the AMPH‐paired context increased the density of both Fos and synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis (CA)1, CA3, basolateral amygdala and dorsolateral striatum. This pairing between context and drug increased Fos but not synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens core and shell. Saline administered in the AMPH‐paired context increased the density of Fos immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens core. These data indicate that the basolateral amygdala–nucleus accumbens core pathway is necessary for the context‐elicited conditioned motor responses, while the hippocampus encodes the spatial context.
Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and basal insulin: a systematic review of the literature

Treatment algorithms for type 2 diabetes call for intensification of therapy over time as the disease progresses and glycaemic control worsens. If diet, exercise and oral antihyperglycaemic medications (OAMs) fail to maintain glycaemic control then basal insulin is added and ultimately prandial insulin may be required. However, such an intensification strategy carries risk of increased hypoglycaemia and weight gain, both of which are associated with worse long‐term outcomes. An alternative strategy is to intensify therapy by the addition of a short‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) rather than prandial insulin. Short‐acting GLP‐1 RAs such as exenatide twice daily are particularly effective at reducing postprandial glucose while basal insulin has a greater effect on fasting glucose, providing a physiological rationale for this complementary approach. This review analyzes the latest randomized controlled clinical trials of insulin/GLP‐1 RA combination therapy and examines results from ‘real‐world’ use of the combinations as reported through observational and clinical practice studies. The most common finding across all types of studies was that combination therapy improved glycaemic control without weight gain or an increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Many studies reported weight loss and a reduction in insulin use when a GLP‐1 RA was added to existing insulin therapy. Overall, the relative degree of benefit to glycaemic control and weight was influenced by the insulin titration employed in conjunction with the GLP‐1 RA. The greatest glycaemic benefits were observed in studies with structured titration of insulin to glycaemic targets while the greatest weight benefits were observed in studies with a protocol‐specified focus on insulin sparing. The adverse event profile of GLP‐1 RAs in the reviewed trials was similar to that reported with GLP‐1 RAs as monotherapy or in combination with OAMs with gastrointestinal events being the most commonly reported.
Human Neuroscience

a TMS stimulus delivered during voluntary contraction induces a temporary pause of the target muscle contraction cortical silent period (CSP) due to activation of cortico-spinal inhibitory circuits (Cantello et al., 1992). In addition, when a test stimulus is preceded by a conditioning pulse (subthreshold) the resulting MEP can be either inhibited short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) or facilitated intracortical facilitation (ICF; Kujirai et al., 1993). SICI and ICF have proven to be useful parameter for probing inhibitory and facilitatory circuits within primary motor cortex (Ziemann, 2004; Fadiga et al., 2005; Battaglia et al., 2006). The technique had also been useful in elucidating the effects of observation of still photographs on motor excitability (Urgesi et al., 2006). But no study had yet been made of corticomotor excitability during the observation of an action represented in a work of art. In this paper we use to TMS to investigate (1) whether the observation of an action in an artistic representation activates the corti-comotor system; (2) whether this effect is attributable to arousal as a result of the emotional context of the actions shown in the work of art or not; (3) whether the mental rehearsal of observation of a painting induces the same degree of corticomotor activation; (4) whether there is any difference between responses to the action in the work of art and a photograph of the same pose.
Five Methods of Breast Volume Measurement: A Comparative Study of Measurements of Specimen Volume in 30 Mastectomy Cases

Background To compare breast volume measurement techniques in terms of accuracy, convenience, and cost. Methods Breast volumes of 30 patients who were scheduled to undergo total mastectomy surgery were measured preoperatively by using five different methods (mammography, anatomic [anthropometric], thermoplastic casting, the Archimedes procedure, and the Grossman-Roudner device). Specimen volume after total mastectomy was measured in each patient with the water displacement method (Archimedes). The results were compared statistically with the values obtained by the five different methods. Results The mean mastectomy specimen volume was 623.5 (range 150–1490) mL. The breast volume values were established to be 615.7 mL (r = 0.997) with the mammographic method, 645.4 mL (r = 0.975) with the anthropometric method, 565.8 mL (r = 0.934) with the Grossman-Roudner device, 583.2 mL (r = 0.989) with the Archimedes procedure, and 544.7 mL (r = 0.94) with the casting technique. Examination of r values revealed that the most accurate method was mammography for all volume ranges, followed by the Archimedes method. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the most accurate method of breast volume measurement is mammography, followed by the Archimedes method. However, when patient comfort, ease of application, and cost were taken into consideration, the Grossman-Roudner device and anatomic measurement were relatively less expensive, and easier methods with an acceptable degree of accuracy.
Toxic polyneuropathy due to glue sniffing

Four cases of toxic polyneuropathy due to glue-sniffing were reported. Neurological examination revealed motor predominant mixed type polyneuropathy. The cause of polyneuropathies in these cases was considered to be due to the inhalation of the vaporized elements of the adhesive agent, which contain mainly n-hexane and toluene. N-hexane is considered to be chiefly responsible for the polyneuropathy, though toluene also could have some influence on the illness.
Laparoscopic Flip-Flap Technique Versus Conventional Inguinal Hernia Repair in Children

Background and Objectives: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed pediatric surgical operations. Several pediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair techniques have been introduced. But debate is unresolved regarding the feasibility of laparoscopy for treating pediatric inguinal hernias. Methods: A retrospective cohort study enrolled 33 patients who underwent congenital inguinal hernia repair by either the new laparoscopic flip-flap technique or conventional open repair. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of surgery: Group A included those who underwent the new laparoscopic technique, and Group B included those who underwent conventional open repair. Results: Group A comprised 15 patients (mean age, 39 months), and group B comprised 18 (mean age, 44 months). Mean operative time was 47.5 minutes for Group A versus 27.5 minutes for Group B. Intraoperative complications for Group A included 1 case (7%) of vas deferens injury, and 3 cases (20%) in which the flaps were torn during suturing. In Group B, no intraoperative complications were encountered. In both groups, the mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.5 hours. Postoperative follow-up of 3 months revealed recurrence in 4 patients in Group A (27%), while there were no recurrences in Group B. Conclusion: Our preliminary experience shows unsatisfactory outcomes with laparoscopic flip-flap hernia repair in children. In spite of advancement in the application of laparoscopy in pediatric surgery, conventional open hernia repair is still the gold standard for children, in our experience. Future studies with more numbers and long-term follow-up should be conducted.
On the cohomological equation for nilflows

Let X be a vector field on a compact connected manifold M. An important question in dynamical systems is to know when a function g:M -> R is a coboundary for the flow generated by X, i.e. when there exists a function f: M->R such that Xf=g. In this article we investigate this question for nilflows on nilmanifolds. We show that there exists countably many independent Schwartz distributions D_n such that any sufficiently smooth function g is a coboundary iff it belongs to the kernel of all the distributions D_n.