A Comparison of Dietary Habits between Recreational Runners and a Randomly Selected Adult Population in Slovenia

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to compare the dietary habits of recreational runners with those of a random sample of the general population. We also wanted to determine the influence of gender, age and sports performance of recreational runners on their basic diet and compliance with recommendations in sports nutrition. Methods. The study population consisted of 1,212 adult Slovenian recreational runners and 774 randomly selected residents of Slovenia between the ages of 18 and 65 years. The data on the dietary habits of our subjects was gathered by means of two questionnaires. The following parameters were evaluated: the type of diet, a food pattern, and the frequency of consumption of individual food groups, the use of dietary supplements, fluid intake, and alcohol consumption. Results. Recreational runners had better compliance with recommendations for healthy nutrition than the general population. This pattern increased with the runner’s age and performance level. Compared to male runners, female runners ate more regularly and had a more frequent consumption of food groups associated with a healthy diet (fruit, vegetables, whole grain foods, and low-fat dairy products). The consumption of simple sugars and use of nutritional supplements by well-trained runners was inadequate with values recommended for physically active individuals. Conclusion. Recreational runners are an exemplary population group that actively seeks to adopt a healthier lifestyle. Izvleček Namen. Spoznati prehranske navade rekreativnih tekačev in jih primerjati s prehranskimi navadami vzorca naključno izbranega dela populacije. Ugotoviti smo želeli tudi vpliv spola, starosti in tekmovalne uspešnosti/stopnje treniranosti rekreativnih tekačev na njihovo osnovno prehranjevanje in upoštevanje prehranskih priporočil pri rekreativnem športu. Metode. Vzorec preiskovancev je sestavljalo 1212 odraslih slovenskih rekreativnih tekačev in 774 naključno izbranih prebivalcev Slovenije v starosti med 18 in 65 leti. Za ugotavljanje prehranskih navad v vzorcu vključenih posameznikov smo uporabili metodo anketiranja. Analizirali smo naslednje parametre prehranskih navad: način prehranjevanja, ritem prehranjevanja, pogostost uživanja posameznih skupin živil, uporabo prehranskih dopolnil, vnos tekočin in pitje alkoholnih pijač. Rezultati. Prehrana rekreativnih tekačev bolj ustreza priporočilom za zdravo prehrano kot prehrana v vzorcu populacije. Prehranski vzorec se izboljšuje s starostjo tekačev in z njihovo tekmovalno uspešnostjo/stopnjo njihove treniranosti. Tekačice se bolj redno prehranjujejo kot tekači in pogosteje uživajo živila iz določenih skupin živil, ki jih povezujemo z zdravim prehranjevanjem (sadje, zelenjava, polnozrnata živila, ribe in manj mastni mlečni izdelki). Rezultati tudi kažejo, da uspešnejši - bolje trenirani tekači - zaužijejo manj enostavnih ogljikovih hidratov, kar je lahko v nasprotju s priporočili za vnos energetskih substratov pri telesni vadbi. Neustrezen je tudi vnos prehranskih dodatkov glede na športno aktivnost. Zaključek. Vsekakor so rekreativni tekači del populacije, ki si aktivno prizadeva za bolj zdrav način življenja.