Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental delay or regression in moral reasoning by juvenile delinquents?

This study extends research on moral reasoning competence in juvenile delinquents to their practical reasoning and perception of an institutional moral atmosphere in order to find out whether a delay in moral competence is one of the causes of the offence or one of the consequences of institutionalization or both. The study involved 64 delinquent adolescents from a modern, humane, high security detention centre and 81 secondary school pupils, all males. Delinquent adolescents exhibited lower moral competence than non‐delinquents, particularly in the value area ‘obeying the law’, but the difference was smaller than previously reported. Juvenile delinquents' perception of the moral atmosphere in the detention centre was no lower than that of pupils regarding their school and their low moral competence could not be attributed to a poor moral atmosphere in the centre. Thus, the small delay found in moral competence is likely to precede detention. In both the delinquent and pupil groups perception of a poor moral atmosphere was a more important indicator of self‐reported antisocial behaviour than low moral competence. Our conclusion is that improving the perception of the institutional moral atmosphere in school and in prison is more likely to reduce antisocial behaviour among adolescents than only improving their moral competence.
Working Memory and School Achievement in the Ninth Form

Abstract Two experiments explored the relationship between 15‐16‐year‐old ninth‐formers’ working memory (WM) capacity and school achievement. In the first experiment, WM capacity was measured administering complex WM span tests on 107 subjects. These measures correlated highly significantly with performance in four school subjects: mathematics, foreign language, Finnish (native language) and geography. In the second experiment, additional WM tasks were used to measure two WM components: the phonological loop and the central executive component as suggested by Baddeley (1986). The tasks that were assumed to measure the central executive were strongly linked to performance in school subjects. Maximally, they shared 31 % of the variance with school achievement. Partial correlations showed that digit span correlated, independently of the central executive measures, with performance in foreign language. This result suggested that the phonological loop is specifically related to foreign language learning. The r.
Ressourcentagebuch: Verbesserung der Emotionsregulation und der Ressourcenrealisierung durch therapeutisches Schreiben im Anschluss an eine Psychotherapie

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Defizite in Emotionsregulation und Ressourcenrealisierung konnen auch nach Behandlung und Remission der psychischen Storung bestehen bleiben und langfristig Ruckfalle verursachen. Fragestellung: Konnen mittels einer vierwochigen Schreibintervention in Form eines Ressourcentagebuchs Stimmung, Emotionsregulation und Ressourcenrealisierung bei Patienten nach stationarer Psychotherapie verbessert werden? Methode: 41 Patienten wurden randomisiert entweder der Interventionsgruppe (N = 21) oder der unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe (N = 20) zugeteilt. Die Ergebnisvariablen wurden im Abstand von funf Wochen erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die Interventionsgruppe zeigte gegenuber der Kontrollgruppe einen signifikanten Anstieg der positiven Stimmung, sowie der Emotionsregulationsstrategie Neubewertung. Unterschiede in der Ressourcenrealisierung zeigten sich nicht zwischen den Gruppen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse dieser Pilotstudie geben erste Hinweise auf eine Verbesserung der Stimmung und der Emo.
Prediction Beyond the Borders: ERP Indices of Boundary Extension-Related Error

Boundary extension (BE) is a rapidly occurring memory error in which participants incorrectly remember having seen beyond the boundaries of a view. However, behavioral data has provided no insight into how quickly after the onset of a test picture the effect is detected. To determine the time course of BE from neural responses we conducted a BE experiment while recording EEG. We exploited a diagnostic response asymmetry to mismatched views (a closer and wider view of the same scene) in which the same pair of views is rated as more similar when the closer item is shown first than vice versa. On each trial, a closer or wider view was presented for 250 ms followed by a 250-ms mask and either the identical view or a mismatched view. Boundary ratings replicated the typical asymmetry. We found a similar asymmetry in ERP responses in the 265-285 ms interval where the second member of the close-then-wide pairs evoked less negative responses at left parieto-temporal sites compared to the wide-then-close condition. We also found diagnostic ERP effects in the 500-560 ms range, where ERPs to wide-then-close pairs were more positive at centro-parietal sites than in the other three conditions, which is thought to be related to participants’ confidence in their perceptual decision. The ERP effect in the 265-285 ms range suggests the falsely remembered region beyond the view-boundaries of S1 is rapidly available and impacts assessment of the test picture within the first 265 ms of viewing, suggesting that extrapolated scene structure may be computed rapidly enough to play a role in the integration of successive views during visual scanning.
Effects of Computer-Managed Instruction on Teachers' Implementation of Systematic Monitoring Programs and Student Achievement.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of computer management of pupil performance data bases and alternative methods for evaluating those data bases. Subjects included 18 teachers who were assigned randomly to either a computer or noncomputer group and to either a goal-based or an experimental data evaluation method. Each teacher selected two mildly handicapped pupils for participation and implemented ongoing curriculum-based progress monitoring in accordance with their experimental treatments for 15 weeks. Achievement was measured at the beginning and end of the study and fidelity of treatment was assessed during the course of treatment. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated significant interactions. For the noncomputer group, performance was comparable within the two data utilization conditions. For the computer group, performance was superior within the goal-based evaluation condition. Patterns of results were similar on the student achievement and teacher fidelity measures.
Alternative Personality Variables and the Relationship to Holland's Personality Types in College Students

This study examined the relationship of alternative personality systems and vocational interests in a sample of college students. The sample (N = 126) consisted of undergraduate college students who were administered the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI), the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Brief Form (MPQ-BF), the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), and the Sensation Seeking scale (SSS-V). It was determined that younger college students generally have undifferentiated vocational profiles. There is, however, a trend for men to be interested in Realistic, Enterprising, and Investigative vocations, whereas women were interested in Social, Enterprising, and Artistic vocations. Men and women had different associations between scores on personality inventories and interests in certain vocations. Finally, significant convergence between similar scales on the instruments was indicated. The findings reveal that the utilization of alternative personality traits and their linkage to vocational interests in clinical settings are vital for merging the two domains.
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in India: need and timing, immunogenecity and tolerance.

OBJECTIVE (i) To assess the natural immunity and susceptibility to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections in children in India. (ii) To study the immunogenecity and tolerance of Hib vaccine (ACTHIB) in young infants. DESIGNS (i) Cross sectional study. (ii) Prospective trial. SETTING Well baby and immunization clinics. METHODS (i) PRP antibody titers against Hib estimated in 172 healthy infants and children aged 1 month to 10 years. (ii) Antibody titres estimated before and after ACTHIB vaccine given with primary immunization (age group 6 to 8 weeks) in 50 babies. RESULTS (i) Naturally protective levels of Hib antibodies found in less than 20% of infants under one year, but in over 80% above 4 years. (ii) Seroconversion after ACTHIB vaccination was 100% with very high protective levels. There were no significant adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS ACTHIB vaccine proved to be safe and highly immunogenic. As susceptibility to Hib is highest in the first year of life, the vaccine should be recommended in the primary immunization schedule (combined with DPT). The very high titers achieved suggest the possibility of decreasing the number of doses or the amount of antigen to reduce the prevalent high cost.
Information and Knowledge Transfer in the rural community of Macha, Zambia

Science is using methodologies to study behaviour. These methodologies are socially constructed, culture specific, and deeply affected by North American and Western language. African cultures feature empathic processes fueled by compassion and the desire for co-existence. It operates on communal, often primary oral, cultures and uses mostly oral tradition in its presentations. Oral traditions process knowledge and verbalize data specifically. This case of long term research in which Information and Communications Technology is introduced in a highly oral and rural culture shows that using constructs available in primary oral culture can create outcomes that are a useful function within oral tradition circumstances. Analysis of methodologies used during the eleven-year case study suggest that outcomes benefit from interactions that are aligned within oral-culture formats. The case study follows 'the flow of science' - analysing, interpreting, clarifying, constructing - primarily in the oral tradition. Outcomes appear fruitful in oral traditions. This long term and unique approach opens the door to new ways of understanding in rural Africa, and recognition that literacy and orality exist side by side.
Evaluation of a professional social skills program for unemployed people with physical disability

The literature on labor points out the importance of social skills for employability. This study analyses, on a multiple probe design with two separate groups, the efficiency and effectiveness of a Professional Social Skills Training Program designed for unemployed people with physical disabilities. The sample consisted of 16 people with physical disabilities, aged from 18 to 36, forming two intervention groups. They were assessed by quantitative and qualitative instruments. Results indicated gains in social skills after the intervention, maintenance of acquisitions in the follow-up and generalization of learned skills to the natural environment for both groups. Such results suggest benefits of the Program on the interpersonal and professional development of unemployed people with physical disability.
Near-infrared Variability of Low-mass Stars in IC 1396A and Tr 37

We have monitored nearly a square degree in IC 1396A/Tr 37 over 21 epochs extending over 2014–2016 for sources variable in the JHK bands. In our data, 65% ± 8% of previously identified cluster members show variations, compared with ≲0.3% of field stars. We identify 119 members of Tr 37 on the basis of variability, forming an unbiased sample down to the brown dwarf regime. The K-band luminosity function in Tr 37 is similar to that of IC 348 but shifted to somewhat brighter values, implying that the K- and M-type members of Tr 37 are younger than those in IC 348. We introduce methods to classify the causes of variability, based on behavior in the color–color and color–magnitude diagrams. Accretion hot spots cause larger variations at J than at K with substantial scatter in the diagrams; there are at least a dozen, with the most active resembling EXors. Eleven sources are probably dominated by intervention of dust clumps in their circumstellar disks, with color behavior indicating the presence of grains larger than for interstellar dust, presumably due to grain growth in their disks. Thirteen sources have larger variations at K than at J or H. For 11 of them, the temperature fitted to the variable component is very close to 2000 K, suggesting that the changes in output are caused by turbulence at the inner rim of the circumstellar disk exposing previously protected populations of grains.
Secondary school students' views of inhibiting factors in seeking counselling

ABSTRACT This study examines secondary school students' perceptions of inhibiting factors in seeking counselling. Responses to a questionnaire completed by 1346 secondary school students were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Exploratory factor analysis highlighted that within 21 pre-defined inhibiting factors, items loaded strongly on one component, ‘diffident’, suggesting that this is a main inhibiting factor. A second component, ‘self-reliant’, also emerged as a main inhibiting factor. Significant differences were found across gender, with female participants rating the pre-defined inhibitory factors higher than males on items relating to diffidence and self-reliance. The main inhibiting factors, ‘diffidence’ and ‘self-reliance’, warrant development into measures for future investigations into students' views of school-based counselling.
A very young star forming region detected by the ISOPHOT Serendipity Survey

We present a multi-wavelength study of the star forming region ISOSS J 20298+3559, which was identified by a cross-correlation of cold compact sources from the 170 micron ISOPHOT Serendipity Survey (ISOSS) database coinciding with objects detected by the MSX, 2MASS and IRAS infrared surveys. ISOSS J 20298+3559 is associated with a massive dark cloud complex (M ~ 760 M$_{\odot}$) and located in the Cygnus X giant molecular cloud. We derive a distance of 1800 pc on the basis of optical extinction data. The low average dust temperature (T ~ 16 K) and large mass (M ~ 120 M$_{\odot}$) of the dense inner part of the cloud, which has not been dispersed, indicates a recent begin of star formation. The youth of the region is supported by the early evolutionary stage of several pre- and protostellar objects discovered across the regio n: I) Two candidate Class 0 objects with masses of 8 and 3.5 M$_{\odot}$, II) a gravitationally bound, cold (T ~ 12 K) and dense (n(H$_{2}$) \~ 2 x 10$^{5}$ cm$^{-3}$) cloud core with a mass of 50 M$_{\odot}$ and III) a Herbig B2 star with a mass of 6.5 M$_{\odot}$ and a bolometric luminosity of 2200 L$_{\odot}$, showing evidence for ongoing accretion and a stellar age of less than 40000 years. The dereddened SED of the Herbig star is well reproduced by an accretion disc + star model. The externally heated cold cloud core is a good candidate for a massive pre-protostellar object. The star formation efficiency in the central cloud region is about 14 %.
Caching performance of content centric networks under multi-path routing (and more)

This work addresses the performance evaluation of Content Centric Networks (CCN). Focusing on a realistic YouTube-like catalog, we conduct a very thorough simulation study of the main system performance, consider several ingredients such as network topology, multi-path routing, content popularity, caching decisions and replacement policies. Summarizing our main results, we gather that (i) the impact of the topology is limited, (ii) multi-path routing may play against CCN efficiency, (iii) simple randomized policies perform almost as well as more complex ones, (iv) catalog and popularity settings plays by far the most crucial role above all. Hopefully, our thorough assessment of scenario parameters can assist and promote the cross-comparison in the research community – for which we also provide our CCN simulator as open source software.
Larger trinucleotide repeat size in the androgen receptor gene of infertile men with extremely severe oligozoospermia.

Androgens are significant regulators of human spermatogenesis. Their action is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), which binds to the androgen responsive element on DNA and regulates gene transcription. Men become infertile with spinobulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease) caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion, > or = 40 CAG repeats, in the AR gene located on the X chromosome. In this prospective study, we investigated whether the variable size, larger repeats, of this trinucleotide could alter AR function and result in impaired spermatogenesis. A total of 69 infertile men were studied. Clinical and laboratory analysis showed idiopathic, nonobstructive azoospermia in 16 men, extremely severe oligozoospermia in 27 men (< 1 million sperm/mL), and severe oligozoospermia in 26 men (1 to 5 million sperm/mL). Fertile control men (n = 45) were selected by documented paternity proven by linkage analysis. Leukocyte DNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification across the AR repeat region. Accurate size determination of the PCR product using an ABI 373 DNA sequencer allowed precise calculation of CAG repeat sizes. The AR gene was not analyzed for other types of mutations. The difference in CAG repeat size between infertile men and proven fertile controls was statistically significant, P = . 03. Patients with extremely severe oligozoospermia had significantly longer CAG repeat tracts (mean, 25.4 +/- 4.0; P = .0005; range 20-39) than controls (mean, 22 +/- 2.8; range 12-30) or patients with severe oligozoospermia (mean, 22.2 +/- 2.3; range 18-26). None of the 26 infertile men with sperm counts < 1 million/mL had < or = 19 CAG repeats compared with 6 out of 45 controls (13%; P = .06). This study suggests that some men with severe impairment of spermatogenesis have longer trinucleotide repeats in the AR gene. Although direct evidence is missing, lower affinity between androgen and the AR protein or decreased AR protein availability with longer repeats could be responsible for a diminished androgen effect on spermatogenesis. Two of the patients in the extremely severe oligozoospermia group had 35 and 39 CAG repeats, respectively (normal range is 11 to 33). Although not yet considered a mutation, longer trinucleotide repeats are unstable and might either expand or contract between generations. If they expand, conception through the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), could result in the son of an
Interactive Technology Assessment in the Real World

Participatory Technology Assessment (pTA) initiatives have usually been analyzed as if they existed in a social and political vacuum. This article analyzes the linkages that occur, in both directions, between the microcosm set up by a pTA exercise and the real world outside. This dual-dynamics perspective leads to a new way of understanding the function and significance of pTA initiatives. Rather than viewing them as a means to create the ideal conditions for real public debate, they are viewed here as an additional public arena in which sociotechnical controversies are played out. This perspective is developed from the analysis of an interactive technology assessment exercise conducted by the French National Institute for Agricultural Research, on the topic of genetically modified vines.
Racial awareness: effects on justice perceptions and trust in management in the USA

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of the socio-demographic diversity characteristic, racioethnicity, vs the deeper-level socially constructed attribute, awareness of racial privilege (which the authors termed “racial awareness”), on perceptions of organizational justice and on trust in management (TM) (trust) in a US context. The authors predicted that racial awareness would have a greater effect on perceptions of interactional and procedural justice and on trust than would participant racioethnicity. Second, the authors predicted that justice perceptions would influence trust. Finally the authors predicted that justice perceptions would mediate between racial awareness and TM. Design/methodology/approach – The authors surveyed Black, Hispanic and Native American professionals in one industry in the USA. The authors employed regression and bootstrap analyses to test the hypotheses. Findings – Racial awareness influenced justice ratings and TM. Justice perceptions influenced.
The JUPITER and AURORA clinical trials for rosuvastatin in special primary prevention populations: perspectives, outcomes, and consequences

Statins have emerged at the forefront of preventive cardiology and have significantly reduced cardiovascular events and mortality. Nonetheless, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States and in other developed countries, as well as the etiology of significant morbidity and health-care expenditure. In an attempt to reduce potentially missed opportunities for instituting preventive therapy, the JUPITER study (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) and the AURORA study (A Study to Evaluate the Use of Rosuvastatin in Subjects on Regular Hemodialysis: An Assessment of Survival and Cardiovascular Events) examined the effect of statins in two specific patient populations who currently do not meet the guidelines for statin treatment, but nonetheless, are at high cardiovascular risk. This review outlines the JUPITER and AURORA trials, interprets the data and significance of the results, analyses the drawbacks and impact of both trials and delineates the potential for further clinical trials.
Aerodynamics properties and design method of high efficiency-light propeller of stratospheric airships

The low density of stratospheric air and small flight speed of airship bring certain difficulty to the aerodynamic design of stratosphere airship propeller. This paper firstly analyzes characteristics of flow around the propeller for an airship in atmospheric environment and the influence of the propeller outlet flow angle to sectional efficiency, then discusses the principle and the method of choice in geometry parameter of the propeller with the equal Re number and the equal stress principle. To specially avoid the appearance of laminar separation bubble (lower the efficiency), we adopt the airfoil with the low Reynolds Number and high lift in the design and present a three-blade propeller of composite materials with the variable-speed and fixed-pitch according to the design criteria of the airship propeller. The detail specification of the propeller is: the diameter D=6500mm, propeller actual factor 62.3, maximum width 516mm, and propeller pith angle 32.80. The paper also evaluates the aerodynamics performance in detail with the strip theory.
Geoacoustic characterization of a range-dependent ocean environment using towed array data

This paper examines geoacoustic inversion over a range-dependent multiple-layer seabed using a towed acoustic source and towed horizontal array. The approach is based on combining the results of a series of short-range, range-independent inversions to form a range-dependent representation of the environment. The data were collected in the Strait of Sicily during the MAPEX 2000 experiment. Issues such as the resolvability of multilayer structure and the sensitivity of various geoacoustic parameters are investigated by inversion of simulated data and by comparison of the MAPEX 2000 inversion results to a high-resolution seismic profile and to sediment core measurements. It appears that two, and in some cases possibly three, sediment layers can be resolved.