Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Acute Metal Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Although considered as essential cofactors for a variety of enzymatic reactions and for important structural and functional roles in cell metabolism, metals at high concentrations are potent toxic pollutants and pose complex biochemical problems for cells. We report results of single dose acute toxicity testing in the model organism S. cerevisiae. The effects of moderate toxic concentrations of 10 different human health relevant metals, Ag+, Al3+, As3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, V3+, and Zn2+, following short-term exposure were analyzed by transcription profiling to provide the identification of early-on target genes or pathways. In contrast to common acute toxicity tests where defined endpoints are monitored we focused on the entire genomic response. We provide evidence that the induction of central elements of the oxidative stress response by the majority of investigated metals is the basic detoxification process against short-term metal exposure. General detoxification mechanisms also comprised the induction of genes coding for chaperones and those for chelation of metal ions via siderophores and amino acids. Hierarchical clustering, transcription factor analyses, and gene ontology data further revealed activation of genes involved in metal-specific protein catabolism along with repression of growth-related processes such as protein synthesis. Metal ion group specific differences in the expression responses with shared transcriptional regulators for both, up-regulation and repression were also observed. Additionally, some processes unique for individual metals were evident as well. In view of current concerns regarding environmental pollution our results may support ongoing attempts to develop methods to monitor potentially hazardous areas or liquids and to establish standardized tests using suitable eukaryotic a model organism.
Racionalidad económica campesina

It is undoubtedly true that the logic through which peasants make decisions in the area of production, commercialization, investment and consumption is not the same as that the one used by businessmen, who organize their activities following other rules. Now, despite the importance of properly understanding peasant economic rationality, the papers aimed at this end tend to be disseminated in multiple publications, being difficult to find articles that synthesize its core features.Thus, this paper, after presenting useful concepts such as 'strategies', 'rationalities' and 'worldviews', aims at overcoming this limitation synthesizing different scholars' contributions to the understanding of peasant economic rationality. Finally, with the objective of enriching this paper, I will add some interesting results of a case study conducted in the province of Formosa, Argentina.
An Evaluating Study on ESP Medical Textbook: Instructors and Learners’ Needs Analysis

Textbook evaluation is determining the productivity and value of textbooks with respect to stated objectives, standards, or criteria. This study was an attempt to evaluate the ESP medical textbook, which is taught at some universities in Iran. To gather the necessary data, two researcher-made questionnaires and one interview protocol were used. Iranian Medical instructors and learners answered to a 28-item questionnaire to express their attitudes towards the content, exercises, and topics of their ESP course book. In addition, some members of both groups participated in an interview to gain in depth information about the study. They were both male and female. The findings revealed that the content and the topics of the ESP medical textbook are based on the learners and instructors’ needs. The results of this study have a number of implications for medical instructors, learners, and syllabus designers.
Detection of Compact Nuclear X-Ray Emission in NGC 4736

We report the results from a deep ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observation of LINER galaxy NGC 4736. Two bright sources are detected, separated by only about 1', with the brighter one coinciding with the center of the galaxy. Neither source shows apparent X-ray variability on timescales of minutes to hours in the ROSAT band. Simple power-law models, typical of active galactic nucleus (AGN) X-ray spectra, produce poor fits to the observed X-ray spectrum of the nuclear source. The addition of a Raymond-Smith component improves the fits significantly. This is consistent with the presence of hot gas in the nuclear region with kT ≃ 0.3 keV, in addition to a compact nuclear source. However, a careful examination of the residuals reveals apparent features at low energies (<0.25 keV). We find that the addition of a narrow emission line at about 0.22 keV is a significant improvement to the parameterization of the spectrum. We examine the results in the light of the accuracy of the PSPC spectral calibration. The derived photon index is about 2.3, which is similar to those for Seyfert 1 galaxies measured in the ROSAT energy range. On the other hand, the 0.1-2 keV luminosity for the compact source is only about 3.4 × 1039 ergs s-1, much fainter than typical Seyfert galaxies. We discuss the implications of these results on the connection between LINERs and AGNs. The off-center source is transient in nature. It has a hard X-ray spectrum, with a photon index of about 1.5, so is likely to be an X-ray binary. There is still some ambiguity regarding its association with the galaxy. If it is indeed located in the galaxy, the 0.1-2 keV luminosity would be greater than 5.1 × 1038 ergs s-1, making it a stellar mass black hole candidate.
Hospitalisation in Children with Adrenal Insufficiency and Hypopituitarism: Is There a Differential Burden between Boys and Girls and between Age Groups?

Background/Aims: To determine the burden of hospitalisation in children with adrenal insufficiency (AI)/hypopituitarism in Australia. Methods: A retrospective study of Australian hospitalisation data. All admissions between 2001 and 2014 for patients aged 0–19 years with a principal diagnosis of AI/hypopituitarism were included. Denominator populations were extracted from national statistics datasets. Results: There were 3,779 admissions for treatment of AI/hypopituitarism in patients aged 0–19 years, corresponding to an average admission rate of 48.7 admissions/million/year. There were 470 (12.4%) admissions for an adrenal crisis (AC). Overall, admission for AI/hypopituitarism was comparable between the sexes. Admission rates for all AI, hypopituitarism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and “other and unspecified causes” of AI were highest among infants and decreased with age. Admissions for primary AI increased with age in both sexes. Males had significantly higher rates of admission for hypopituitarism. AC rates differed by both sex and age group. Conclusion: This nationwide study of the epidemiology of hospital admissions for a principal diagnosis of AI/hypopituitarism shows that admissions generally decreased with age; males had higher rates of admission for hypopituitarism; females had higher rates of admission for CAH and “other and unspecified causes” of AI; and AC incidence varied by age and sex. Increased awareness of AI and AC prevention strategies may reduce some of these admissions.
Behavioral Consistency in Corporate Finance: CEO Personal and Corporate Leverage

We find that firms behave consistently with how their CEOs behave personally in the context of leverage choices. Analyzing data on CEOs' leverage in their most recent primary home purchases, we find a positive, economically relevant, robust relation between corporate and personal leverage in the cross-section and when examining CEO turnovers. The results are consistent with an endogenous matching of CEOs to firms based on preferences, as well as with CEOs imprinting their personal preferences on the firms they manage, particularly when governance is weaker. Besides enhancing our understanding of the determinants of corporate capital structures, the broader contribution of the paper is to show that CEOs' personal behavior can, in part, explain corporate financial behavior of the firms they manage.
The Social as Trans-Genic

This article has a triple aim: (1) it explores how the stunning advance of modern bioscience is affecting the social world, and how once-set boundaries are now being quickly transgressed; (2) it is suggested that the theoretical divides between modernists and post-modernists can be fruitfully viewed, from a sociology of knowledge perspective, as traces of a much more profound and ongoing evolutionary discourse now also affecting the social and the human sciences; (3) concerns are expressed regarding the destabilization of both the natural and the social world alike as a consequence of bioscience: the long-term social effects of the emphasis on individual choice, as presently argued, will eventually erode the system of collective responsibility altogether.
Is the British colonization better than that of the French ? : A study of Vanuatu

Comparative studies have suggested that the British colonization is more beneficial than those of France and other colonizers. It is argued that the British cultures and institutions contributed to stable politics and robust economic development of its colonies. However, evidence is still inconclusive because a controlled experiment is very difficult in social science. Vanuatu – a Pacific island – provides an excellent experimental setting for testing the argument. Britain and France established a joint government, the British government, and the French government, which lasted from 1906 until 1980, in the same territory. Local people could choose whether to be tried under the British common law or the French civil law. Nationals of one country could set up corporations under the laws of the other. The case of Vanuatu suggests that political indicators are in favor of Britain, but economic indicators are in favor of France. The French dominated areas have been more developed than the British dominated areas. The major British trading company established a company under the French law and a certain number of British planters registered themselves in the French residency to attain the benefits of French economic policies.
The Sickle Cell Anemia health problems Traditional and Modern treatment practices among the Soliga tribes at

The Sickle Cell Disease or the Sickle cell anemia common genetic disease affects millions of people worldwide. Many Soliga tribals suffer from the genetic disorder of the Sickle Cell Disease, 4.2% of the Soligas have AS type of Sickle cell trait (heterozygous), 0.2% of the Soligas have the Sickle cell anemia (homozygous), and the remaining 95.6% of the Soligas have normal haemoglobin, Traditionally, they include different types of folic acid related green leaves, fruits, and tubers in their daily diet which helps in the natural control of the disease since there is a lack of Sickle cell anemia treatment facilities in the tribal areas. This paper will focus on the spread of the Sickle Cell Disease among the Soligas, including their food habits, traditional treatments, and the different types of pains which the patients are facing, as well as their awareness and expected Sickle cell anemia steps to help in curbing it.
Subcutaneous and intestinal vaccination with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii and acquisition of immunity to peroral and congenital toxoplasma challenge.

Mice were immunized s.c. or intraintestinally with two injections of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Toxoplasma gondii (ts4). Nonpersistence of the vaccine strain was documented by subinoculation of tissues of a subgroup of mice 3 mo or more after the second immunization. Mice were immune to other-wise lethal parenteral challenges with tachyzoites of the M7741 strain or to peroral challenge with bradyzoites of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. Although two s.c. or intraintestinal immunizations did not completely protect against development of T. gondii in the brains of mice, fewer cysts developed in the s.c. immunized mice than in control mice (2 +/- 3 cysts/0.01 ml in immunized mice compared with 75 +/- 48 cysts/0.01 ml in controls (p less than 0.002)). Reduction in cyst number after intraintestinal immunization was more variable, but also statistically significant (p less than 0.02). Female mice were first immunized, then mated, and then challenged perorally. Neonates of the s.c. immunized mice were not protected. Neonates of intraintestinally immunized mice were protected in part (36% of 115) against congenital infection compared with controls (7% of 107).
Changes of the soft tissue profile during growth.

The study concerns changes of the soft tissue profile of 33 girls and 37 boys from 4 to 10 years of age. The results are presented in growth curves. Generally, it seems that the changes of the soft tissue profile follow the changes of the skeletal profile. However, a difference is noted in the soft tissue area overlying points A and B. Due to variation in the facial expression, it was impossible to examine the vermillion area of the lips with a desirable degree of certainty. The nose seems to be responsible for most of the changes in profile convexity. The changes are due to increment in nose length, as its inclination is relatively unchanged. It is necessary for orthodontists to be aware of the great profile changes produced by the nose, and evaluate them during treatment planning.
Decline of Geladandong Glacier Elevation in Yangtze River's Source Region: Detection by ICESat and Assessment by Hydroclimatic Data

Several studies have indicated that glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau are thinning, resulting in reduced water supplies to major rivers such as the Yangtze, Yellow, Lancang, Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra in China, and south Asia. Three rivers in the upstream of Yangtze River originate from glaciers around the Geladandong snow mountain group in central Tibet. Here we used elevation observations from Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) and reference elevations from a 3-arc-second digital elevation model (DEM) of Shuttle Radar Terrestrial Mission (SRTM), assisted with Landsat-7 images, to detect glacier elevation changes in the western (A), central (B), and eastern (C) regions of Geladandong. Robust fitting was used to determine rates of glacier elevation changes in regions with dense ICESat data, whereas a new method called rate averaging was employed to find rates in regions of low data density. The rate of elevation change was −0.158 ± 0.066 m·a−1 over 2003–2009 in the entire Geladandong and it was −0.176 ± 0.102 m·a−1 over 2003–2008 in Region C (by robust fitting). The rates in Regions A, B, and C were −0.418 ± 0.322 m·a−1 (2000–2009), −0.432 ± 0.020 m·a−1 (2000–2003), and −0.321 ± 0.139 m·a−1 (2000–2008) (by rate averaging). We used in situ hydroclimatic dataset to assess these negative rates: the glacier thinning was caused by temperature rises around Geladandong, based on the temperature records over 1979–2009, 1957–2013, and 1966–2013 at stations Tuotuohe, Wudaoliang, and Anduo. The thinning Geladandong glaciers led to increased discharges recorded at the river gauge stations Tuotuohe and Chumda over 1956–2012. An unabated Geladandong glacier melting will reduce its long-term water supply to the Yangtze River Basin, causing irreversible socioeconomic consequences and seriously degrading the ecological system of the Yangtze River Basin.
Finite-sized atomistic simulations of screw dislocations

Abstract The interaction of screw dislocations with an applied stress is studied using atomistic simulations in conjunction with a continuum treatment of the role played by the far-field boundary condition. A finite cell of atoms is used to consider the response of dislocations to an applied stress and this introduces an additional force on the dislocation due to the presence of the boundary. Continuum mechanics is used to calculate the boundary force which is subsequently accounted for in the equilibrium condition for the dislocation. Using this formulation, the lattice resistance curve and the associated Peierls stress are calculated for screw dislocations in several close-packed metals. As a concrete example of the boundary force method, we compute the bow-out of a pinned screw dislocation; the line tension of the dislocation is calculated from the results of the atomistic simulations using a variational principle that explicitly accounts for the boundary force.
Journalism in times of violence: Social media use by US and Mexican journalists working in northern Mexico

Mexico ranks as one of the most violent countries in the world for journalists, and especially for those who work on the country’s periphery such as its northern border. Given the dire situation for Mexican reporters covering the northern part of the country, and the continued responsibility of US journalists to report on the area just south of the border, this qualitative study addresses the overarching research question that examines how Mexican and US journalists who cover northern Mexico are using social media, given the heightened levels of violence in the region. The authors utilize a modified version of the conceptual framework of scale-shifting to investigate how journalists in a specific transnational environment of conflict are using social media. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of 41 interviews gathered in fall 2011 in 18 cities with news media outlets along the United States–Mexico border. Findings describe the innovative ways that journalists are circumventing online security ris.
Combinatorial Pharmacogenetic Interactions of Bucindolol and β1, α2C Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms

Background Pharmacogenetics involves complex interactions of gene products affecting pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, but there is little information on the interaction of multiple genetic modifiers of drug response. Bucindolol is a β-blocker/sympatholytic agent whose efficacy is modulated by polymorphisms in the primary target (β1 adrenergic receptor [AR] Arg389 Gly on cardiac myocytes) and a secondary target modifier (α2C AR Ins [wild-type (Wt)] 322–325 deletion [Del] on cardiac adrenergic neurons). The major allele homozygotes and minor allele carriers of each polymorphism are respectively associated with efficacy enhancement and loss, creating the possibility for genotype combination interactions that can be measured by clinical trial methodology. Methodology In a 1,040 patient substudy of a bucindolol vs. placebo heart failure clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that combinations of β1389 and α2C322–325 polymorphisms are additive for both efficacy enhancement and loss. Additionally, norepinephrine (NE) affinity for β1389 AR variants was measured in human explanted left ventricles. Principal Findings The combination of β1389 Arg+α2C322–325 Wt major allele homozygotes (47% of the trial population) was non-additive for efficacy enhancement across six clinical endpoints, with an average efficacy increase of 1.70-fold vs. 2.32-fold in β1389 Arg homozygotes+α2C322–325 Del minor allele carriers. In contrast, the minor allele carrier combination (13% subset) exhibited additive efficacy loss. These disparate effects are likely due to the higher proportion (42% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.009) of high-affinity NE binding sites in β1389 Arg vs. Gly ARs, which converts α2CDel minor allele-associated NE lowering from a therapeutic liability to a benefit. Conclusions On combination, the two sets of AR polymorphisms 1) influenced bucindolol efficacy seemingly unpredictably but consistent with their pharmacologic interactions, and 2) identified subpopulations with enhanced (β1389 Arg homozygotes), intermediate (β1389 Gly carriers+α2C322–325 Wt homozygotes), and no (β1389 Gly carriers+α2C322–325 Del carriers) efficacy.
‘Do not ask me to remain the same’: Foucault and the professional identities of occupational therapists

The roles and frontiers of occupational therapy practitioners in the United Kingdom are being challenged by new ways of organising and regulating the workforce. Professional ways of working are challenged as structures and systems of authority, accountability and autonomy are reviewed and revised. The intention is to create a healthy environment in which jobs, career pathways and work roles are redesigned in order to use staff skills more flexibly. Support workers are taking on tasks previously only performed by state registered occupational therapists. Professionals are delegating tasks to other disciplinary groups, working within inter-professional teams and sharing skills so that one worker can carry out a number of interventions. These new ways of working call for a revision of what it means to be an occupational therapist, a new kind of identity, a new conception of self. Considerations of identity are important because they prompt people to act in certain ways. This article aims to ‘excavat(e) our own culture in order to open a free space for innovation and creativity’ (Foucault, 1988, p. 163), by discussing the theoretical constructs of social theorist and historian Michel Foucault as they relate to the dynamics of the professional identity of occupational therapy. It is argued that applying Foucault's ideas to the creation of a history of the present occupational therapy profession will illustrate the narrowness of the professional discourse and enable a move into a broader, interdisciplinary and critical practice.
The Role of Discretion in the Criminal Justice System

Although a substantial body of research suggests that the discretion of discretion of actors in the criminal justice system is important, there is disagreement in the existing empirical literature over its role. Studies in this literature generally hypothesize that discretion plays one of two roles: either it serves as the means by which changing broad social norms against crime causes changes in sentencing patterns, or it serves as the means by which internal social norms of the criminal justice system prevent the implementation of formal changes in laws. We reject both of these hypotheses using data on the sentencing of California prisoners before and after Proposition 8, which provided for sentence enhancements for those convicted of certain serious' crimes with qualifying' criminal histories. We find that an increase in the statutory sentence for a given crime can increase sentence length for those who are charged with the crime, and also for those who are charged with factually 'similar' crimes, where a 'similar' crime is defined as one that has legal elements in common with the given crime. These spillovers are consistent with neither broad social norms nor internal social norms, so we conclude that discretion takes a less-well studied form, which we call 'prosecutorial maximization. '