Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incorporating daily physical activity in kindergarten children with disabilities: effect on classroom behavior and activity engagement

Children with disabilities often experience challenges staying on-task during instructional time in a classroom which is why this an important area of study for teachers and researchers. Physical activity has been shown to have a positive impact on classroom behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of implementing 4 5-min breaks of daily physical activity (DPA) in a kindergarten classroom of children with disabilities at improving on-task behavior and reducing self-stimulatory behavior (n=14). A secondary purpose was to determine the level of engagement and feasibility of incorporating a DPA program in a classroom of children with disabilities. Classroom Behavior: Results indicated significant increases in on-task behavior from baseline measures to follow-up measures, immediately following 5-minutes of DPA, and from baseline to intervention phase. In addition, self-stimulatory behaviors also significantly reduced in participants who exhibited self-stimulatory behavior. Engagement and Feasibility: Results indicated significant improvements in engagement during DPA from week 1 to week 4. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that incorporating 4 5minute bouts of DPA in a classroom of children with disabilities is effective at increasing time on-task and reducing self-stimulatory behaviors. In addition, the DPA program was feasible and engagement level was achieved in students. These findings warrant future research with greater ranges of age groups and a longitudinal study design for children with disabilities.
A DSP Architecture for High‐Speed FFT in OFDM Systems

This paper presents digital signal processor (DSP) instructions and their data processing unit (DPU) architecture for high‐speed fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed instructions jointly perform new operation flows that are more efficient than the operation flow of the multiply and accumulate (MAC) instruction on which existing DSP chips heavily depend. We further propose a DPU architecture that fully supports the instructions and show that the architecture is two times faster than existing DSP chips for FFTs. We simulated the proposed model with a Verilog HDL, performed a logic synthesis using the 0.35 µm standard cell library, and then verified the functions thoroughly.
Coping Work Strategies and Job Satisfaction Among Iranian Nurses

Context: Nursing is a stressful job that could create physical and psychological disorders. Many studies presented information on stress, effects of coping strategies, and job satisfaction of nurses within health setting. We aimed to identify and describe nursing stresses, coping strategies and job satisfaction of Iranian nurses who are working or worked in different wards. Evidence Acquisition: In this review, we studied peer-reviewed journal articles on the field of stress, coping strategies and job satisfaction in nursing practice, especially Iranian nurses, which were published between 2000 and 2013. In this regard, we searched databases of PubMed, Elsevier, Google, BMJ, PMC, and MEDLINE. Results: The majority of the studies (60%) had analyzed the effect of coping strategies, experiences and perception of job-related stresses in Iranian nurses working in hospitals. In some of the reviewed studies (60%), the majority of the samples enrolled Iranian nurses. Forty percent of studies selected a maximum sample size of 565 (44%) participants in 2011. Nursing stress scale employed at 30% of the studies was the most commonly used strategy. This reviewed studies also revealed a combined measurement (60% of studies), based on categorical stress measurement, effects of coping strategies, and job satisfaction methods. Three studies explored the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. For instance, the majority (74.4%) of nurses reported job satisfaction. Conclusions: Effect of coping strategies and job satisfaction on Iranian nurses is a well-accepted issue and has important positive outcomes on several areas of health discipline.
Recursive Identification Method for Piecewise ARX Models: A Sparse Estimation Approach

This paper deals with the identification of nonlinear systems using piecewise linear models. By means of a sparse over-parameterization, this challenging problem is turned into a convex optimization problem. The proposed method uses a likelihood-based methodology which adaptively penalizes model complexity and directly leads to a recursive implementation. In this sparse estimation approach, the tuning of user parameters is avoided, and the computational complexity is kept linear in the number of data samples. Numerical examples with both simulated and experimental data are presented and the results are compared with previously published methods.
Protecting Private Keys against Memory Disclosure Attacks Using Hardware Transactional Memory

Cryptography plays an important role in computer and communication security. In practical implementations of cryptosystems, the cryptographic keys are usually loaded into the memory as plaintext, and then used in the cryptographic algorithms. Therefore, the private keys are subject to memory disclosure attacks that read unauthorized data from RAM. Such attacks could be performed through software methods (e.g., Open SSL Heart bleed) even when the integrity of the victim system's executable binaries is maintained. They could also be performed through physical methods (e.g., Cold-boot attacks on RAM chips) even when the system is free of software vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose Mimosa that protects RSA private keys against the above software-based and physical memory attacks. When the Mimosa service is in idle, private keys are encrypted and reside in memory as cipher text. During the cryptographic computing, Mimosa uses hardware transactional memory (HTM) to ensure that (a) whenever a malicious process other than Mimosa attempts to read the plaintext private key, the transaction aborts and all sensitive data are automatically cleared with hardware mechanisms, due to the strong atomicity guarantee of HTM, and (b) all sensitive data, including private keys and intermediate states, appear as plaintext only within CPU-bound caches, and are never loaded to RAM chips. To the best of our knowledge, Mimosa is the first solution to use transactional memory to protect sensitive data against memory disclosure attacks. We have implemented Mimosa on a commodity machine with Intel Core i7 Haswell CPUs. Through extensive experiments, we show that Mimosa effectively protects cryptographic keys against various attacks that attempt to read sensitive data from memory, and it only introduces a small performance overhead.
The Effect of Authentic Leadership on School Culture: A Structural Equation Model

In the study, the effect of school principals’ authentic leadership behaviors on teachers’ perceptions of school culture was tested with the structural equation model. The study was carried out with the correlation research design. Authentic leadership behavior was taken as the independent variable, and school culture was taken as the dependent variable. The participants in the study were 256 teachers from 15 elementary schools. In the study, the research data were collected with the Authentic Leadership Scale (Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardner, Wernsing & Peterson, 2008) and the Organizational Culture Scale (Karada? , 2009). The Authentic Leadership Scale included the factors of (i) self-awareness, (ii) transparency in relations, (iii) balanced processing and (iv) internalized ethical viewpoint; as for the Organizational Culture Scale, it was made of such factors as (i) managerial and (ii) aim. In the study, in order to test the structural equation model formed theoretically, path analysis was conducted to investigate the appropriate models and to combine the measurement error in both latent and observed variables. The findings obtained demonstrated that the school principals’ authentic leadership behaviors had positive effect on teachers’ perceptions of school culture.
A testing strategy for abstract classes

One of the characteristics of the increasingly widespread use of object‐oriented libraries and the resulting intensive use of inheritance is the proliferation of dependencies on abstract classes. Since abstract classes cannot be instantiated, they cannot be tested in isolation using standard execution‐based testing strategies. A standard approach to testing abstract classes is to instantiate a concrete descendant class and test the features that are inherited. This paper presents a structured approach that supports the testing of features in abstract classes, paying particular attention to ensuring that the features tested are those defined in the abstract class. Two empirical studies are performed on a suite of large Java programs and the results presented. The first study analyses the role of abstract classes from a testing perspective. The second study investigates the impact of the testing strategy on the programs in this suite to demonstrate its feasibility and to comment on the pragmatics of its use. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unfit to Teach

Purpose: Physical education (PE) teachers appear to have a powerful influential effect on learners in the instructional environ-ment through the manner in which they model those behaviors and practices they espouse. The purpose of this study was to determine if Georgia secondary PE teachers are capable of modeling Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) standards, as determined by FitnessGram 9, at a level that secondary students perceive as fit. Method: One hundred forty-eight participants (112 males, 36 females) ranging in age from 23 to 55 years (M = 37, SD = 8.5) were assessed independently using the FitnessGram 9 protocols for Aerobic Capacity via the 20-meter PACER test, Muscular Strength and Endurance via the push-up and curl-up tests, Flexibility via the single leg sit-and-reach test, and Body Composition via the height and weight BMI test. Assessments occurred during the 2015–2016 school year. Participants represented 64 of the 193 state public school districts, including 86 of the 954 secondary schools. Results: Males performed significantly below the HFZ in all of the areas, with the exception of upper body muscular strength and endurance. Females scored significantly below the HFZ in the majority of areas, with the exceptions of upper body and abdominal muscular strength and endurance. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that male and female secondary PE teachers within the state of Georgia are unable to perform the majority of FitnessGram tests within the HFZ designated for adults—a score of > 17—and are therefore likely to be perceived by students as hypocritical, which thereby undermines their instructional effectiveness. Subscribe to TPE
Lower Upper Bound Estimation Method for Construction of Neural Network-Based Prediction Intervals

Prediction intervals (PIs) have been proposed in the literature to provide more information by quantifying the level of uncertainty associated to the point forecasts. Traditional methods for construction of neural network (NN) based PIs suffer from restrictive assumptions about data distribution and massive computational loads. In this paper, we propose a new, fast, yet reliable method for the construction of PIs for NN predictions. The proposed lower upper bound estimation (LUBE) method constructs an NN with two outputs for estimating the prediction interval bounds. NN training is achieved through the minimization of a proposed PI-based objective function, which covers both interval width and coverage probability. The method does not require any information about the upper and lower bounds of PIs for training the NN. The simulated annealing method is applied for minimization of the cost function and adjustment of NN parameters. The demonstrated results for 10 benchmark regression case studies clearly show the LUBE method to be capable of generating high-quality PIs in a short time. Also, the quantitative comparison with three traditional techniques for prediction interval construction reveals that the LUBE method is simpler, faster, and more reliable.
A Gate in the Wall of Sound

This study examines how gatekeeping aspects of photography, particularly embodied gatekeeping, interact with a subset of photojournalism that faces numerous barriers to access—music photography. Through in-depth interviews with concert photographers in a large metropolitan city, this study expands upon what is known about gatekeeping when it comes to visual media. While much has been studied on photojournalists as a whole, little is known about particular subgroups, such as music photographers. As a part of lifestyle journalism, concert photography contributes to the interaction of popular culture and society, showing us visual evidence of the spectacle of musical performance. Gatekeeping practices are found not only in the managers who issue credentials for access and control where photographers can shoot from but also in the community of photographers themselves. This is extended into embodied gatekeeping in how they jostle for access to space in the pit and enforce the rules with their bodies, such as physically pushing a camera out of the way.
Global and political strategies in deregulated industries: the asymmetric behaviors of former monopolies

In deregulated industries former monopolies often adopt asymmetric behaviors: these firms impede the entry of foreign competitors in their home market, especially using defensive political strategies, and, at the same time, aggressively develop international strategies in foreign markets. To account for this behavior, I develop a game theoretic model involving three players: the former monopoly, its home government, and the host government of the country into which the firm wants to enter. I show first that there are in fact different asymmetric strategies that former monopolies can use in such a setting, and that a global strategy cannot always be implemented by those firms because of cooperation issues between the two governments. I also study the conditions under which these issues can be solved and show that this can happen only when the firm develops a political strategy that integrates both defensive and offensive activities. Overall, this paper therefore argues that asymmetric strategies are not always adopted to maintain monopoly rents but are also dictated by the nature of the international relationships between the governments involved. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A substructure‐based iterative inner solver coupled with Uzawa's algorithm for the Stokes problem

A domain decomposition method with Lagrange multipliers for the Stokes problem is developed and analysed. A common approach to solve the Stokes problem, termed the Uzawa algorithm, is to decouple the velocity and the pressure. This approach yields the Schur complement system for the pressure Lagrange multiplier which is solved with an iterative solver. Each outer iteration of the Uzawa procedure involves the inversion of a Laplacian in each spatial direction. The objective of this paper is to effectively solve this inner system (the vector Laplacian system) by applying the finite‐element tearing and interconnecting (FETI) method. Previously calculated search directions for the FETI solver are reused in subsequent outer Uzawa iterations. The advantage of the approach proposed in this paper is that pressure is continuous across the entire computational domain. Numerical tests are performed by solving the driven cavity problem. An analysis of the number of outer Uzawa iterations and inner FETI iterations is reported. Results show that the total number of inner iterations is almost numerically scalable since it grows asymptotically with the mesh size and the number of subdomains. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telephone-Based Spoken Dialog System Using HTK-based Speech Recognizer and VoiceXML Kinfe

In order to build a practical dialog system, it is essential to define the application domain of the system so that optimal recognition performance can be obtained by using proper acoustic, language and semantic models. The DARPA Communicator Systems, for instance, are constructed to play the role of a travel agent speaking by phone with a customer in a specific domain of Airline Travel Planning [1].
Attention and dual coding theory: an interaction model using subtitles as a paradigm

We have conducted two experiments on subtitling and its presentation as part of the HBB4ALL European project. Nowadays, the tendency for content consumption is shifting towards an “on demand” dynamic performed on an array of different devices. With that in mind, not only did we explore the effect the audio language has on the way we process content but also the ways in which it is affected when using different devices to consume content. In the first experiment we explored the relation between attention, subtitles and information processing. We presented the participants with two sets of clips, one with audio in English and the other with audio in Norwegian in order to explore the effect on the reading of subtitles (in Polish). As predicted by the Dual Coding Theory (Paivio, 1986) multiple channel information processing is found to be a strong facilitator towards better performance in content comprehension. Moreover, attention resource distribution is also found to be altered by the experimental conditions. Resource allocation and demand evaluation mechanisms (Kahneman, 1973) are considered to be the main causes of those differences. In the second experiment the focus is more applied. A comparison was made between information processing on different devices in order to explore how reading and processing behaviour changes from platform to platform. To assess whether or not there are differences between the different platforms, we presented a set of clips in an unknown language and compared the results of comprehension and visual questionnaires as well as eye tracking readings. No significant differences were found across devices in content comprehension. It is not necessary to adapt subtitles to fit these devices as we are capable of compensating for any differences in their characteristics. The following general discussion considers the findings of the two experiments to be relevant to the understanding of our attentional and learning system. In both experimental situations, our cognitive processes are able to retrieve the necessary mechanisms to compensate for the differences made in the experimental manipulation.
Will a Black Hole Soon Emerge from SN 1997D?

Observations combined with theoretical modeling of the light curve of the recently discovered supernova 1997D in NGC 1536 suggest that it might host a black hole formed in the aftermath of the explosion. We consider some observable consequences of a black hole in SN 1997D and estimate the late-time accretion luminosity of the material that falls back onto the hole. We find that this luminosity, decaying with a characteristic power-law dependence on time, may emerge above the emission of the envelope in just a few years. Its detection would thus provide unmistakable evidence for the presence of a black hole.
Subject coordinators as boundary managers: The impact on team learning and organizational outcomes

The present research examines the functioning of subject coordinators as boundary managers. According to this approach, effective team leaders move back and forth across the team boundary, by means of internal activities, which focus on internal team processes, and external activities, which focus on connecting the team with the external environment in which it operates. The research model suggests that internal and external boundary management activities will promote team learning, which in turn will advance team outcomes (innovation and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)) as well as organizational outcomes (academic achievements of students). Eighty-three subject coordinators and 260 teachers from elementary and junior high schools were studied. In general, structural equation modeling supported the mediating role of team learning in the relationship between boundary management and outcomes. The findings revealed positive relationships between internal and external activities and team learning, as well as between team learning and innovation and OCB. No significant relation was found between team learning and academic achievements. Implications, limitations, and future research directions pertaining to the boundary-related roles of subject coordinators are discussed.
Why theatre-based research works? Psychological theories from behind the curtain

ABSTRACT While many scholars have demonstrated the effectiveness of theatre-based knowledge mobilization, fewer studies have examined its psychological dimensions. This article examines some psychological theories that may account for the success behind theatre-based knowledge mobilization. Drawing from the Canadian Experience Project, a study about the labor market challenges of skilled immigrant workers, we show how theatre-based research dissemination efforts attempt to achieve optimal stress by using aesthetic distance processes. We maintain that this psychological capacity to attune to audience members, especially evident in forum theatre, makes theatre a particularly effective means for knowledge mobilization.
Integrating Mindset Interventions with Language Arts Instruction: An Exploratory Study with Seventh Grade Students

Abstract Researchers engaged in a collaborative, yearlong study with a seventh-grade language arts teacher who integrated activities to enhance students’ understanding of mindsets with content instruction. Lessons emphasized four aspects of mindsets: belief that learning abilities can grow with the investment of effort, willingness to address challenging tasks and persevere, development of stronger learning strategies, and ability to articulate connections between effort and accomplishment. During the school year, the team observed lessons, gathered work samples, and conducted interviews with 12 students. Work samples showed that most students articulated a general understanding of the concepts related to mindset emphasized during instruction. Case studies documented patterns and differences in ways students articulated connections among concepts. Although limited by sample size, results suggested that seventh graders can understand the construct of mindsets, especially when offered guidance and support.
Stylised Fact of Patent Litigation: Value, Scope and Ownership

This paper investigates the characteristics of litigated patents by combining for the first" time information about patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the" U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. We construct a series of indicators for the factors which the" theoretical literature suggests contribute to litigation: the frequency of disputes asymmetry of stakes, the structure of information, and costs. Compared to a random sample of" U.S. patents from the same cohorts and technology areas, we find that more valuable patents and" those with domestic owners are considerably more likely to be involved in litigation. Patents" owned by individuals are at least as likely to be the subject of a case as corporate patents and" litigation is particularly frequent in new technology areas. We interpret the results with reference" to theoretical models of litigation and settlement and discuss what they suggest about the effect" of patent litigation on the incentives to invest in R&D