Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local Threshold Design for Target Localization Using Error Correcting Codes in Wireless Sensor Networks in the Presence of Byzantine Attacks

In this paper, we revisit the received signal strength (RSS)-based target localization technique presented in Vempaty et al., where a simple threshold quantizer was employed to quantize the RSS values prior to sending them to the fusion center. It was shown that the probability of misclassification of the distributed classification fusion using error correcting codes scheme vanishes as the number of sensors tends to infinity. This result was obtained based on an intuitive threshold design at the local sensors, and the question of how much a careful design of local thresholds can help improve the overall performance was not addressed. In this paper, we demonstrate the significance of threshold design for accurate and robust target localization in wireless sensor networks, particularly, when the number of sensors is finite. With this objective, we derive an upper bound on the probability of misclassification as a function of RSS thresholds by using the union inequality. The RSS thresholds that algorithmically minimize the derived misclassification error bound are then numerically obtained over a mirror-based homomorphic sensor deployment structure. Simulations over fading wireless links show that the scheme based on newly found optimized RSS thresholds considerably outperforms the previous scheme using the thresholds that are intuitively selected, especially in the presence of Byzantine attacks that severely impact information security.
Yi Qi Qing Re Gao Attenuates Podocyte Injury and Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Overexpression in Puromycin Aminonucleoside Rat Model

Proteinuria is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Podocyte damage underlies the formation of proteinuria, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) functions as an autocrine/paracrine regulator. Yi Qi Qing Re Gao (YQQRG) has been used to treat proteinuria for more than two decades. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of YQQRG on puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) rat model. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham group, PAN group, PAN + YQQRG group, and PAN + fosinopril group. Treatments were started 7 days before induction of nephrosis (a single intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg PAN) until day 15. 24 h urinary samples were collected on days 5, 9, and 14. The animals were sacrificed on days 3, 10, and 15, respectively. Blood samples and renal tissues were obtained for detection of biochemical and molecular biological parameters. YQQRG significantly reduced proteinuria, elevated serum albumin, and alleviated renal pathological lesions. YQQRG inhibited VEGF-A, nephrin, podocin, and CD2AP mRNA expression and elevated nephrin, podocin, and CD2AP protein levels starting on day 3. In conclusion, YQQRG attenuates podocyte injury in the rat PAN model through downregulation of VEGF-A and restoration of nephrin, podocin, and CD2AP protein expression.
Contrasting Intraseasonal Variations of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Between the 1997–1998 and 2015–2016 El Niño Events

Oceanic intraseasonal variability (ISV) plays a vital role in the initiation and development of El Niño events. Mooring observations reveal contrasting characteristics of upper‐ocean zonal current ISV during different El Niño events. Compared to the 1997–1998 event, ISV of the 2015–2016 event was significantly weaker (by around 30–50%) over the equatorial Pacific basin, and the variability maximum was shifted to the east (~160°E). These differences can be largely explained by wind forcing features. ISV of surface winds in 2015 is overall weaker than in 1997. Intraseasonal westerly wind bursts in 1997 occurred near the western boundary and originated from the Indian Ocean, whereas in 2015, perturbations were mainly propagated from the northeast Pacific and achieved the peak power at ~160°E of the equator. These changes are likely associated with the decadal warming of the northeast subtropical Pacific and weakening of the Indian Ocean intraseasonal oscillation.
Geophysical Signature Location in the South-West of Chad: Structural Implications

A study is conducted in South-West of Chad with the goal of underlining the different lineaments of the region, which are entirely or partially hidden by the sedimentary cover. Different gravity data processing techniques including horizontal gradient of vertical derivative coupled with upward continuation and Euler’s de-convolution are used. These methods revealed a number of lineaments describing gravity density discontinuities whose directions are N-S, NE-SW, ENE-WSW, and WNW-ESE at NNW-SSE. However, the predominant direction for major lineaments is WNW-ESE. The major lineaments associated to the faults are: F1, F2, F3, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F14, F21, F22, F23, F24 and F28. Euler’s solutions indicate depths up to 9.2 km for the anomaly sources. Such lineaments are very useful for groundwater and oil exploration, but also for risk assessment.
Q Fever among Culling Workers, the Netherlands, 2009–2010

In 2009, dairy goat farms in the Netherlands were implicated in >2,300 cases of Q fever; in response, 51,820 small ruminants were culled. Among 517 culling workers, despite use of personal protective equipment, 17.5% seroconverted for antibodies to Coxiella burnetii. Vaccination of culling workers could be considered.
Tests of non-standard electroweak couplings of right-handed quarks

The standard model can be interpreted as the leading order of a Low-Energy Effective Theory (LEET) invariant under a higher non linearly realized symmetry Snat ⊃ SU(2)W × U(1)Y equipped with a systematic power counting. Within the minimal version of this "not quite decoupling" LEET, the dominant non-standard effect appears at next- to-leading order (NLO) and is a modification of the couplings of fermions to W and Z. In particular, the coupling of right-handed quarks to Z is modified and a direct coupling of right-handed quarks to W emerges. Charged right-handed lepton currents are forbidden by an additional discrete symmetry in the lepton sector originally designed to suppress Dirac neutrino masses. A complete NLO analysis of experimental constraints on these modified couplings is presented. Concerning couplings of light quarks, the interface of the electroweak tests with QCD aspects is discussed in detail.
Column Networks for Collective Classification

Relational learning deals with data that are characterized by relational structures. An important task is collective classification, which is to jointly classify networked objects. While it holds a great promise to produce a better accuracy than non-collective classifiers, collective classification is computationally challenging and has not leveraged on the recent breakthroughs of deep learning. We present Column Network (CLN), a novel deep learning model for collective classification in multi-relational domains. CLN has many desirable theoretical properties: (i) it encodes multi-relations between any two instances; (ii) it is deep and compact, allowing complex functions to be approximated at the network level with a small set of free parameters; (iii) local and relational features are learned simultaneously; (iv) long-range, higher-order dependencies between instances are supported naturally; and (v) crucially, learning and inference are efficient with linear complexity in the size of the network and the number of relations. We evaluate CLN on multiple real-world applications: (a) delay prediction in software projects, (b) PubMed Diabetes publication classification and (c) film genre classification. In all of these applications, CLN demonstrates a higher accuracy than state-of-the-art rivals.
No further increase in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Sweden

Since 1970, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased rapidly in Western populations, whereas the incidences of gastric cardia and gastric non‐cardia adenocarcinoma have increased moderately and declined, respectively. The Swedish Cancer Register and Total Population Register provided opportunities for a valid update of incidence trends of these tumors including the year 2008. Joinpoint regression was used to assess any shifts in trends with calendar time. The esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence reached a peak in 2005, and then showed a decrease. During the period 2001–2008, the joinpoint regression analysis indicates a virtually stable incidence (annual percentage increase 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.7 to 5.1). The cardia adenocarcinoma incidence has slightly decreased after 1990 (annual percentage decrease −1.0, 95% CI −1.6 to −0.3). The decreasing incidence of gastric non‐cardia adenocarcinoma has continued steadily during recent years (annual percentage decrease −4.9 (95% CI −5.2 to −4.7). Thus, an encouraging break in the rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been seen in Sweden since 2005, whereas the corresponding incidences of gastric cardia and non‐cardia adenocarcinoma have been stable and decreasing, respectively.
Modeling the response of northwest Greenland to enhanced ocean thermal forcing and subglacial discharge

Abstract. Calving-front dynamics is an important control on Greenland's ice mass balance. Ice front retreat of marine-terminating glaciers may, for example, lead to a loss in resistive stress, which ultimately results in glacier acceleration and thinning. Over the past decade, it has been suggested that such retreats may be triggered by warm and salty Atlantic Water, which is typically found at a depth below 200–300 m. An increase in subglacial water discharge at glacier ice fronts due to enhanced surface runoff may also be responsible for an intensification of undercutting and calving. An increase in ocean thermal forcing or subglacial discharge therefore has the potential to destabilize marine-terminating glaciers along the coast of Greenland. It remains unclear which glaciers are currently stable but may retreat in the future and how far inland and how fast they will retreat. Here, we quantify the sensitivity and vulnerability of marine-terminating glaciers along the northwest coast of Greenland (from 72.5 to 76∘ N) to ocean forcing and subglacial discharge using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). We rely on a parameterization of undercutting based on ocean thermal forcing and subglacial discharge and use ocean temperature and salinity from high-resolution ECCO2 (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II) simulations at the fjord mouth to constrain the ocean thermal forcing. The ice flow model includes a calving law based on a tensile von Mises criterion. We find that some glaciers, such as Dietrichson Gletscher or Alison Glacier, are sensitive to small increases in ocean thermal forcing, while others, such as Illullip Sermia or Cornell Gletscher, are remarkably stable, even in a +3 ∘C ocean warming scenario. Under the most intense experiment, we find that Hayes Gletscher retreats by more than 50 km inland by 2100 into a deep trough, and its velocity increases by a factor of 3 over only 23 years. The model confirms that ice–ocean interactions can trigger extensive and rapid glacier retreat, but the bed controls the rate and magnitude of the retreat. Under current oceanic and atmospheric conditions, we find that this sector of the Greenland ice sheet alone will contribute more than 1 cm to sea level rise and up to 3 cm by 2100 under the most extreme scenario.
Smartphone use in dermatology for clinical photography and consultation: Current practice and the law

Smartphones are rapidly changing the way doctors capture and communicate clinical information, particularly in highly visual specialties such as dermatology. An understanding of how and why smartphones are currently used in clinical practice is critical in order to evaluate professional and legal risks, and to formulate policies that enable safe use of mobile technologies for the maximal benefit of practitioners and patients.
High‐Frequency Intermittency in Observed and Model‐Simulated Precipitation

A newly reprocessed, bias‐corrected version of hourly satellite observations that provides global coverage of precipitation at high space‐time resolution is evaluated and compared with climate model simulations. Irregular subdaily fluctuations are the dominant component around the world, greater than variance of daily mean precipitation, and much greater than variance associated with the mean diurnal cycle of precipitation. Irregular subdaily fluctuations of precipitation are severely underestimated by models, even after taking into account the observational “error bars” implied by different space‐time resolutions. Variance of daily mean precipitation is less severely underestimated. Although mean diurnal cycle amplitudes vary among the models, this component is but a small part of total precipitation variance. Therefore, the total precipitation variance is significantly underestimated by models in general. Further exploration of model‐data discrepancies in precipitation at high‐time frequency may lead to new and useful climate model diagnostics.
Combining Ability and Heterosis Studying for Yield and its Attributes of Hybrid Rice Under Normal and Salinity Conditions Using Line × tester Scheme

: The present investigation was conducted under normal and salinity conditions during the two rice successive seasons of 2020 and 2021. Three CMS lines of rice, IR69625A, G46A and GAB-A were used as female parents. In addition, four Egyptian tester lines viz., Giza179, PR5, PR6 and GZ9399 were used as testers beside their twelve F1 crosses. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used and the data were analyzed according to line × tester design. The results indicated highly significant differences among genotypes, parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses under the two environments (normal and salinity conditions). The results showed that dominance genetic variance (σ²D) was greater than additive genetic variance for Plant height, Number of panicles/plant, Spikelet fertility %, 1000-grain weight, Grain yield/plant, sodium content and potassium content under normal and salinity conditions, Panicle weight under salinity condition, indicating that non-additive gene action played an important role in the inheritance of this trait. For heterosis over the mid-parents (H.M.P.%): The most desirable hybrids; For grain yield plant-1, the highly values and highly significant heterosis based on mid-parents for grain yield plant-1 were observed for the crosses GAB-A/PR5, GAB-A/PR6, GAB-A/GZ9399, G46A/GZ9399, G46A/PR6 and G46A/PR6 under both conditions. The following genotypes could use in breeding program and expected improvement in such traits under normal and saline condition, G46A, PR6, GZ9399, Giza179 and GAB-A as a good donor. G46A/PR6, G46A/PR5, GAB-A/ PR6 and IR69625A/Giza179 could use as good crosses.
T2* Mapping for Hip Joint Cartilage Assessment: Pre-MRI Exercise and Time of Imaging Do Not Bias the T2* Measurement in Asymptomatic Volunteers

Objective To identify if the time of day and pre-imaging exercise matter while performing T2* mapping of hip joint cartilage at 3 T. Design Nine asymptomatic healthy volunteers (mean age 27.4 ± 4.0 years) with no obvious morphological evidence of cartilage damage were enrolled. The MRI protocol included a double-echo steady state (DESS) sequence for morphological cartilage assessment and a multi-echo data image combination sequence for the T2* measurement. T2* values were obtained between 8 and 11 a.m., between 3 and 6 p.m. , and after 50 knee-bends at several time points of each measurement (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes). Results We observed no differences (P = 0.47) between the T2* values obtained in the morning (T2* = 22.9 ± 3.0 ms) and those measured in the afternoon (T2* = 23.2 ± 3.2 ms). We also observed no statistically significant differences between the T2* values at different time points (P = 0.67) or after 50 knee-bends (P = 0.43). Conclusions Timing of the scan and pre-imaging exercise clearly did not matter in this modality. This study consolidates the value of T2* imaging in hip joint cartilage that seems to be independent of diurnal effects and physical activity prior to MRI.
Contribution of early impact events to metal‐silicate separation, thermal annealing, and volatile redistribution: Evidence in the Pułtusk H chondrite

Three‐dimensional X‐ray tomographic reconstructions and petrologic studies reveal voluminous accumulations of metal in Pułtusk H chondrite. At the contact of these accumulations, the chondritic rock is enriched in troilite. The rock contains plagioclase‐rich bands, with textures suggesting crystallization from melt. Unusually large phosphates are associated with the plagioclase and consist of assemblages of merrillite, and fluorapatite and chlorapatite. The metal accumulations were formed by impact melting, rapid segregation of metal‐sulfide melt and the incorporation of this melt into the fractured crater basement. The impact most likely occurred in the early evolution of the H chondrite parent body, when post‐impact heat overlapped with radiogenic heat. This enabled slow cooling and separation of the metallic melt into metal‐rich and sulfide‐rich fractions. This led to recrystallization of chondritic rock in contact with the metal accumulations and the crystallization of shock melts. Phosphorus was liberated from the metal and subsumed by the silicate shock melt, owing to oxidative conditions upon slow cooling. The melt was also a host for volatiles. Upon further cooling, phosphorus reacted with silicates leading to the formation of merrillite, while volatiles partitioned into the residual halogen‐rich, dry fluid. In the late stages, the fluid altered merrillite to patchy Cl/F‐apatite. The above sequence of alterations demonstrates that impact during the early evolution of chondritic parent bodies might have contributed to local metal segregation and silicate melting. In addition, postshock conditions supported secondary processes: compositional/textural equilibration, redistribution of volatiles, and fluid alterations.
Ammonium Production and Removal in the Sediments of Shanghai River Networks: Spatiotemporal Variations, Controlling Factors, and Environmental Implications

Ammonium (NH4+) pollution and associated processes causing environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems have attracted much attention. However, the microbial pathways of NH4+ production and removal and associated influencing factors in the sediments of urban rivers remain unclear. In this study, microbial pathways of NH4+ production and removal were quantified to examine the NH4+ balance in the sediments of Shanghai river networks. The results indicated that potential rates of gross nitrogen mineralization, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and nitrogen fixation ranged from 0.25 to 25.83 μg N g−1 d−1, from undetectable to 3.47 μg N g−1 d−1, and from 0.07 to 3.05 μg N g−1 d−1, respectively. The potential rates of gross NH4+ immobilization, anammox, and nitrification, as the NH4+ removal processes, ranged from 0.24 to 26.27 μg N g−1 d−1, from 0.01 to 7.97 μg N g−1 d−1, and from 0 to 9.62 μg N g−1 d−1, respectively. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, NO3−, NH4+, and total organic carbon had great influences on these NH4+ production and removal processes. In addition, the total amounts of NH4+ production and removal through microbial pathways in sediments of Shanghai river networks were estimated at approximately 2.6 × 105 t N yr−1 and 3.9 × 105 t N yr−1, respectively. Thus, the net sink of NH4+ was 1.3 × 105 t N yr−1, which accounts for 22% of total inputs of nitrogen in the river networks. These results indicate that microbial processes of removal in sediments can eliminate significant parts of NH4+ generated from microbial pathways and/or inputs from anthropogenic activities in urban rivers. Overall, these results improve understanding of NH4+ production and removal and associated influencing environmental factors and highlight the environmental importance of these processes in regulating the NH4+ budget in highly urbanized riverine ecosystems.
The impact of soccer training on the immune system.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the level of some immune markers changed in soccer players during pre-season and during playing-season. DESIGN An observational study for one soccer season (one year). SETTING Professional soccer players. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen professional soccer players (age: 26.3 +/- 3.7 years). MEASURES The effect of 11 months of soccer training sessions and matches on circulating leukocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations was investigated. Blood samples were taken before the season and also 6 weeks, 6 months and 11 months later. All samples were taken at 08:00 h. RESULTS Total lymphocyte counts did not change in all samples. During the pre-season, however, the concentrations of some inflammatory lymphocyte subpopulations were changed: CD4CD45RA+ was elevated and CD57 and CD8CD57 showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05), At the competitive period, CD4 and CD8 were increased. At the end of the season there were significant changes in some immune cells: total leukocyte and neutrophil number and CD8+ cell concentration was increased compared to pre-season values and the CD4/CD8 ratio was decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that athletes exposed to a long-term training periods can exhibit variations in some immune cells. The clinical significance of these variations requires more detailed investigation.
Universality for the Toda algorithm to compute the eigenvalues of a random matrix

We prove universality for the fluctuations of the halting time $T^{(1)}$ (see Introduction) for the Toda algorithm to compute the eigenvalues of real symmetric and Hermitian matrices $H$. $T^{(1)}$ controls the computation time for the largest eigenvalue of $H$ to a prescribed tolerance. The proof relies on recent results on the statistics of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of random matrices (such as delocalization, rigidity and edge universality) in a crucial way.
TIM4-TIM1 interaction modulates Th2 pattern inflammation through enhancing SIRT1 expression

Skewed T helper 2 (Th2)-cell polarization plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammations; however, the underlying mechanisms require further elucidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms through which the interaction between T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM)4 and TIM1 regulates the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in Th2 cells, and the role of SIRT1 in Th2-cell polarization during nasal allergic inflammation. The results demonstrated that TIM4 expression by splenic dendritic cells was increased in mice with allergic rhinitis, and the TIM4̸TIM1 interaction promoted CD4+ T cells to express SIRT1 during allergic inflammation via enhancing phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt phosphorylation. SIRT1 then facilitated CD4+ T-cell proliferation through downregulating the expression of Fas ligand, caspase-3 and p53 in mice with nasal allergic inflammation. In conclusion, the interaction of TIM4̸TIM1 was found to promote Th2-cell proliferation through enhancing SIRT1 expression in mice with nasal allergic rhinitis.