Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of iPhone Locations: A Comparison of Assisted GPS, WiFi and Cellular Positioning

The 3G iPhone was the first consumer device to provide a seamless integration of three positioning technologies: Assisted GPS (A‐GPS), WiFi positioning and cellular network positioning. This study presents an evaluation of the accuracy of locations obtained using these three positioning modes on the 3G iPhone. A‐GPS locations were validated using surveyed benchmarks and compared to a traditional low‐cost GPS receiver running simultaneously. WiFi and cellular positions for indoor locations were validated using high resolution orthophotography. Results indicate that A‐GPS locations obtained using the 3G iPhone are much less accurate than those from regular autonomous GPS units (average median error of 8 m for ten 20‐minute field tests) but appear sufficient for most Location Based Services (LBS). WiFi locations using the 3G iPhone are much less accurate (median error of 74 m for 58 observations) and fail to meet the published accuracy specifications. Positional errors in WiFi also reveal erratic spatial patterns resulting from the design of the calibration effort underlying the WiFi positioning system. Cellular positioning using the 3G iPhone is the least accurate positioning method (median error of 600 m for 64 observations), consistent with previous studies. Pros and cons of the three positioning technologies are presented in terms of coverage, accuracy and reliability, followed by a discussion of the implications for LBS using the 3G iPhone and similar mobile devices.
Bounds for Minkowski Billiard Trajectories in Convex Bodies

In this paper we use the Ekeland-Hofer-Zehnder symplectic capacity to provide several bounds and inequalities for the length of the shortest periodic billiard trajectory in a smooth convex body in ${\mathbb R}^{n}$. Our results hold both for classical billiards, as well as for the more general case of Minkowski billiards.
When Is Transference Work Useful in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy? Main Results of the First Experimental Study of Transference Work (FEST)

Abstract This article presents the main results of the First Experimental Study of Transference (FEST). The background of the study, as well as the aims, main hypotheses, and methods are described. The participants were 100 patients who were randomized to psychodynamic psychotherapy of one year's duration, with transference work or without transference work. The analyses of the effects of psychodynamic psychotherapy with transference work versus psychodynamic psychotherapy without transference work are presented. The two treatments were equally effective, but analyses of moderators revealed differential effects. Patients with low quality of object relations (QOR) and/or presence of personality disorder showed specific positive effects of transference work. Female patients responded better than men. Further analyses included mechanisms of change and three-way interactions among factors, with an impact on outcome. We also found that (1) insight was a mediator of change, and (2) that the specific effects of transference work were influenced by interaction of object relations and alliance, but in the direct opposite direction of what is generally maintained in mainstream clinical theory. For patients with more mature object relations and high alliance, a negative effect of transference work was observed.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the human cerebellar pathways and their interplay with cerebral macrostructure

Cerebellar white matter (WM) connections to the central nervous system are classified functionally into the Spinocerebellar (SC), vestibulocerebellar (VC), and cerebrocerebellar subdivisions. The SC pathways project from spinal cord to cerebellum, whereas the VC pathways project from vestibular organs of the inner ear. Cerebrocerebellar connections are composed of feed forward and feedback connections between cerebrum and cerebellum including the cortico-ponto-cerebellar (CPC) pathways being of cortical origin and the dentate-rubro-thalamo-cortical (DRTC) pathway being of cerebellar origin. In this study we systematically quantified the whole cerebellar system connections using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI). Ten right-handed healthy subjects (7 males and 3 females, age range 20–51 years) were studied. DT-MRI data were acquired with a voxel size = 2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm at a 3.0 Tesla clinical MRI scanner. The DT-MRI data were prepared and analyzed using anatomically-guided deterministic tractography methods to reconstruct the SC, DRTC, fronto-ponto-cerebellar (FPC), parieto-ponto-cerebellar (PPC), temporo-ponto-cerebellar (TPC) and occipito-ponto-cerebellar (OPC). The DTI-attributes or the cerebellar tracts along with their cortical representation (Brodmann areas) were presented in standard Montréal Neurological Institute space. All cerebellar tract volumes were quantified and correlated with volumes of cerebral cortical, subcortical gray matter (GM), cerebral WM and cerebellar GM, and cerebellar WM. On our healthy cohort, the ratio of total cerebellar GM-to-WM was ~3.29 ± 0.24, whereas the ratio of cerebral GM-to-WM was approximately 1.10 ± 0.11. The sum of all cerebellar tract volumes is ~25.8 ± 7.3 mL, or a percentage of 1.6 ± 0.45 of the total intracranial volume (ICV).
Behaviour Preservation of a Biological Regulatory Network when Embedded into a Larger Network

The main contribution of this work is a mathematical theorem which establishes a necessary and sufficient condition to preserve the behaviour of a genetic regulatory network when it is embedded into a larger network. We adopt the modelling approach of Rene Thomas, which provides a discrete representation of biological regulatory networks. This framework is entirely formalized using labelled graphs with semantics defined in terms of state graphs with transitions. Our theorem offers the possibility to automatically verify whether a subnetwork has autonomous behaviour. It will allow biologists to better identify relevant sets of genes which should be studied together.
On the throughput of CSMA

In this paper, a semi-Markov model is established to characterize the throughput performance of CSMA networks. Based on the assumption of Poisson distributed aggregate traffic, the throughput expression of p-persistent CSMA is derived, which includes the results of 1-persistent CSMA and non-persistent CSMA presented in Kleinrock and Tobagis landmark paper [2] as two special cases. The analysis further reveals that the Poisson assumption requires that the transmission probability of packets is small enough, in which case the throughput performance becomes insensitive to the rescheduling policy of packets, i.e., p-persistent or non-persistent, and is solely determined by the normalized propagation delay.
Prolonged Exposure With a World War II Veteran: 60 Years of Guilt and Feelings of Inadequacy

There is extensive empirical support for the use of exposure therapy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, there is little documented research on the use of these treatments with older adults. Questions exist regarding the appropriateness of exposure therapy with this population, given that the treatment is intense and often involves autonomic nervous system arousal. The current case study details a course of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy in an 88-year-old, World War II veteran, diagnosed with PTSD. The patient was found to respond remarkably well to the treatment and his posttraumatic stress symptoms decreased to subclinical levels in seven sessions. Concerns regarding the appropriateness of using PE to treat older adults are addressed.
Postpartum factors related to mother's recognition of newborn infant odours

Abstract The first study replicated prior research in showing that new mothers in a two-choice recognition test are able to accurately identify their own infant's body odours on a T-shirt. The second study tested the hypothesis that new mothers are uniquely primed to rapidly acquire recognition of infant odorants. In contrast to expectation, this study showed that in a three-choice preexposure paradigm, new mothers perform no better than non-mothers at recognizing a pre-exposed unfamiliar infant T-shirt; they also perform no better when infant odours are used as discriminative stimuli than when non-infant-related stimuli are used. However, among the population of new mothers, mothers who are consistently able to recognize their own infants' odours in a three-choice pre-exposure paradigm differ from mothers who do not, in having more prior experience with infants, a shorter interval to first nurse their infants, more nurturing attitudes and more close nasal interactive contact with their infants during a f.
Race, Scale, and the Concentration of Poverty in Columbus, Ohio, 1980 to 1990.

Changes in the geographic concentration of poverty emerge from forces that redistribute population across neighborhoods within urban areas and forces that alter the aggregate composition of metropolitan populations. We examined the relative importance of these two groups of forces with 1980 and 1990 Census data for the central county of the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. We decomposed changes in isolation and exposure indices into redistributional and compositional components, and examined the influence of race and income on redistribution. The concentration of poverty increased for both Blacks and Whites, but much more for Blacks. Forces that redistribute population within urban areas were primarily responsible for a small increase in the exposure to neighborhood poverty by poor Whites. Spatial redistribution across neighborhoods combined with an increase in poverty at the metropolitan scale to substantially increase exposure to neighborhood poverty among poor Blacks. Long-distance migration plays an .
Pancreatoduodenectomy with pylorus preservation for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas

For many years, the classical Whipple procedure has been the standard operative treatment for resectable periampullary cancer. Recently, the pylorus preservation operation has also been applied to periampullary tumours. This newer procedure has potential advantages in terms of ease of performance and postoperative physiology, but has yet to be proved as an adequate cancer operation. We, therefore, undertook the present retrospective analysis to compare the outcome following the pylorus preservation operation (n = 13) with that of the classical Whipple resection (n = 13) in 26 patients with histologically proved adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. The two groups of patients were comparable for age, sex, pre‐operative laboratory data, and resected margins free from tumour. More patients undergoing the classical Whipple resection had Stage I disease (10 versus 4, P<0.05). However, this difference would not be significant if the two patients in the pylorus preservation group with carcinomas in situ were considered to have stage I disease. Mean tumour diameter in the pylorus preservation patient group (3.2±0.6 cm) was smaller (P<0.05) than in the classical Whipple group (4.1±1.0 cm) but more patients in the pylorus preservation group also had metastases to the regional lymph nodes (54 versus 23 per cent). Overall operative morbidity (31 per cent) and mortality (4 per cent) was acceptable and did not differ between the two groups. Five year actuarial survival for pylorus preservation (25 per cent) was comparable to that observed for the Whipple procedure in this and other series.
Feature Selection Based on High Dimensional Model Representation for Hyperspectral Images

In hyperspectral image analysis, the classification task has generally been addressed jointly with dimensionality reduction due to both the high correlation between the spectral features and the noise present in spectral bands, which might significantly degrade classification performance. In supervised classification, limited training instances in proportion with the number of spectral features have negative impacts on the classification accuracy, which is known as Hughes effects or curse of dimensionality in the literature. In this paper, we focus on dimensionality reduction problem, and propose a novel feature-selection algorithm, which is based on the method called high dimensional model representation. The proposed algorithm is tested on some toy examples and hyperspectral datasets in comparison with conventional feature-selection algorithms in terms of classification accuracy, stability of the selected features and computational time. The results show that the proposed approach provides both high classification accuracy and robust features with a satisfactory computational time.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Sarcophagid (Diptera) Larvae Recovered from a Case of Human Cutaneous Myiasis

Abstract Scanning electron microscope observations were made on second instars of unindentified sarcophagid maggots recovered from the foot of a 2-mo-old child. The child had a 3-d history of irritation and swelling of the left foot, and larvae were present in the skin on the plantar surfaces. The lesions were not furuncular, but erythema and a serous exudate were evident and swelling of the infested toes was noted. Larvae were removed manually from the lesions and fixed in formalin. External features, examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were typical for muscomorph larvae and shared features common to other sarcophagids. Details of the cephalic, thoracic, and terminal abdominal sensory structures and variation in the structure of spines from various body regions are described. Comparisons of SEM observations on the cephalic, thoracic, and posterior abdominal regions with other published information did not yield information that allowed the accurate identification of the larvae from this infestation.
Engaging, Exploring, and Experiencing Multicultural Music in Australian Music Teacher Education: The Changing Landscape of Multicultural Music Education

In multicultural Australia, the development of positive intercultural attitudes is essential in the creation of a harmonious society. Music education is a powerful medium to address cultural inclusivity. The 2005 National Review of School Music Education challenges Australian higher education institutions to prepare programs that explore multiculturalism to engender tolerance. This research explored how final year teacher education students at Monash University and Deakin University (Victoria, Australia) engage with music of other cultures and how this affects their understanding of cultural diversity in school music. From 2005 to 2008, teacher education students undertaking music methodologies were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. The data collected from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, and from these data, we developed patterns of meaning that are reported thematically: student teachers’ beliefs, attitudes, and understandings of multiculturalism and the classroom realities of multiculturalism.The findings contribute to how we, as tertiary educators, evaluate our role and programs.
Multisite downscaling of daily precipitation with a stochastic weather generator

Stochastic models of daily precipitation are useful both for characterizing different pre- cipitation climates and for stochastic simulation of these climates in conjunction with agricultural, hydrological, or other response models. A simple stochastic precipitation model is used to downscale— i . e . disaggregate from area-average to individual station— precipitation statistics for 6 groups of 5 U.S. stations, in a way that is consistent with observed relationships between the area-averaged series and their constituent station series. Each group of stations is located within a General Circulation Model grid-box-sized area, and collectively they exhibit a broad range of precipitation climates. The down- scaling procedure is validated using natural climate variability in the observed precipitation records as an analog for climate change, by alternately considering collections of the driest and wettest seasons as 'base' and 'future' climates, and comparing the 2 sets of downscaled station parameters to those fit directly to the respective withheld observations. The resulting downscaled stochastic model parame- ters can be readily used for local-scale simulation of climate-change impacts.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Injection in Phakic and Pseudophakic Eyes; Corneal Endothelial Changes

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of silicone oil (SO) on the corneal endothelium in SO filled phakic and pseudophakic vitrectomizied eyes. Methods: This prospective comparative consecutive case-control study evaluated the corneal endothelial characteristics of 64 SO filled vitrectomizied eyes (case group) as compared to 46 vitrectomizied eyes without SO injection (control group). Endothelial cell densities (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (hexagonality) at the corneal center were evaluated preoperatively, 1 month and 6 months after surgery using noncontact specular microscopy and were compared between the two groups. Exclusion criteria were previous vitreoretinal surgery, aphakia, any degree of anterior chamber inflammation, SO bubbles in the anterior chamber and increased intraocular pressure in the postoperative period. Results: Six months after SO injection, mean ECD was 2,438.2±327.6 cell/mm2 in the case group and 2,462.6±361.7 cell/mm2 in the control group (P = 0.714) and mean hexagonality was 49.6 ± 6.8 and 54.6 ± 8.9, in the case and control groups, respectively (P = 0.004). Six months after operation, CV in the case group was 39.3 ± 5.6 and that in the control group was 35.7 ± 6.4 (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Although the presence of SO in the vitreous cavity of phakic and pseudophakic eyes causes slight reduction in the number of endothelial cells, however it leads to significant changes in endothelial cell morphology. Thus, removal of SO after reaching the desired tamponade effect is recommended.
Blind Signal Separation and Recovery in Dynamic Environments

This work bridges the gap between activities motivated from statistical signal processing, neuromorphic systems, and microelectronic implementation techniques for blind separation and recovery of mixed signals. The composition adopts both discrete-time and continuous-time formulations with a view towards implementations in the digital as well as the analog domains of microelectronic circuits. This paper focuses on the development and formulation of dynamic architectures with adaptive update laws for multi-source blind signal separation/recovery.
Switching Hats

Abstract One of the most problematic issues in the field of social work is the gap between practice and research. This paper describes the roles of the social work clinical practitioner and the social work researcher, and explores the role discontinuity that occurs as social work doctoral students' transition between these roles. A model illustrating the three possible routes that are taken during this role transition is introduced. Understanding the process of change that occurs as social work doctoral students shift roles has important implications for social work. Investigating these two roles can help doctoral programs support students during the difficult transition. Discovering how doctoral students bridge the gap between practice and research in their own experience may provide insight into how the field of social work as a whole can successfully address this gap.
The Relationship Between Work Attitudes and Job Analysis Ratings: Do Rating Scale Type and Task Discretion Matter?

This study examined the association of work attitudes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job involvement) with job analysis ratings. The relation between work attitudes and job analysis ratings was examined relative to rating scale type (frequency and importance) and task discretion (low vs. high discretion tasks). Hypotheses linking work attitudes and job analysis ratings were developed and tested on a sample of 365 travel agents. The results indicated that the work attitudes were significantly associated with job analysis ratings of task frequency and importance. All 3 work attitudes had significantly higher correlations with frequency ratings of tasks that allowed high levels of discretion than those with prescribed behaviors (low discretion tasks). Applied implications and future directions for research linking work attitudes and job analysis ratings are discussed.
Understanding and supporting anonymity policies in peer review

Design of peer‐review support systems is shaped by the policies that define and govern the process of peer review. An important component of these are policies that deal with anonymity: The rules that govern the concealment and transparency of information related to identities of the various stakeholders (authors, reviewers, editors, and others) involved in the peer‐review process. Anonymity policies have been a subject of debate for several decades within scholarly communities. Because of widespread criticism of traditional peer‐review processes, a variety of new peer‐review processes have emerged that manage the trade‐offs between disclosure and concealment of identities in different ways. Based on an analysis of policies and guidelines for authors and reviewers provided by publication venues, we developed a framework for understanding how disclosure and concealment of identities is managed. We discuss the appropriate role of information technology and computer support for the peer‐review process within that framework.
Intellectual Interest Patterns of Gifted College Students

MUCH of the research on the interests and characteristics of gifted college students has been done by identifying their distinguishing qualities in a comparison with average students. This approach is productive of some generalizations, but it has too frequently combined the sexes, so that differences associated with sex have been obscured. Other studies have dealt with the latter problem by a comparison of the sexes within a gifted group. This approach, in turn, has often lacked comparisons with a &dquo;normative&dquo; base. The present study focuses attention on the combined effects of high ability (as defined by test performance) and sex on selected areas of intellectual interest and on personality characteristics. In what ways are the needs and orientations of high-ability