Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age-related Macular Degeneration and Vascular and Renal Comorbidities in Adults Aged 40 Years or Older: NHANES 2005-2008

4 LIST OF TABLES 10 CHAPETER I : INRODICTION 11 CHAPETER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 14 II.I Age-related Macular Degeneration 14 II.II Pathogenesis of AMD 15 II.III The Epidemiology of AMD 16 II.IV Vascular and Renal Comorbidities and AMD 17 CHAPTER III: METHODS 23 III.I Study Population 23 III.II Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics 23 III.III Definition of Variables of the Comorbidities 24 III. IV Retinal Imaging Evaluation 25 III.V Statistical Analysis 26 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS 27 IV.I Prevalence of AMD stratified by age 27 IV.II Descriptive Analysis of Study Population 27 IV.III Weighted Prevalence of Vascular and Renal Comorbidities with AMD 32 IV.IV Association between Each Single Comorbidity and AMD 34 IV.V Association between Vascular and Renal Combined Comorbidities and AMD.35 IV.VI Association of Specific Combination of Comorbidities with AMD 36
Involuntary first admission of patients with schizophrenia as a predictor of future admissions.

OBJECTIVE The extent to which the legal status of a first psychiatric admission-voluntary or involuntary-predicted the legal status and number of future admissions was examined among patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Data on all patients in Israel who had a nonforensic first admission between 1978 and 1992 and a diagnosis of schizophrenia (N=9,081) were extracted from the national psychiatric hospitalization case registry. Also obtained from the registry was information about the patients' subsequent hospitalizations through 1995, demographic data, and diagnosis. Analyses adjusted for time since first admission, age at first admission, country of origin, and religion. RESULTS The first admission of 12.9 percent of the patients was involuntary. The legal status of the first admission was not related to the number of readmissions. However, female patients whose first admission was involuntary were 4.1 times more likely to have an involuntary second admission than female patients whose first admission was voluntary; these odds were 3.4 for males. Further analysis examined the percentage of involuntary admissions among all hospitalizations of the 3,420 patients who had four or more admissions (chronic patients). Among the chronic patients who had an involuntary first admission, 41 percent of subsequent admissions were involuntary. This figure was significantly lower among the chronic patients who had a voluntary first admission-13 percent. The percentage of involuntary admissions was not related to the number of admissions. CONCLUSIONS The strong association of involuntary legal status at first admission with involuntary status at second admission and with the number of involuntary admissions over time suggests that involuntary first admission might be an important factor in assessing whether patients are likely to be readmitted involuntarily.
Trigeminal and cervical volleys. Convergence on single units in the spinal gray at C-1 and C-2.

The objective of this study—to determine whether interaction between the upper cervical dorsal roots and the trigeminal system occurs—was approached by investigation of single-unit responses to trigeminal and cervical-root volleys. A large volume of literature is available on single-unit responses in the lumbar enlargement; in particular, the ventral horn cells have been the subject of most of these reports. Cells in the dorsal horn lend themselves less satisfactorily to such studies, mostly because of their reduced size, exceptions being some large neurons in lamina I of Rexed (old terminology, N. megnocellularis pericornualis) and lamina IV (in the old terminology, the N. magnocellularis centralis is contained within lamina IV). As a result, the studies on their properties are still relatively few. 2,9,14-16 Interneurons in other regions have been the subject of a number of reports. 1,3,5,6 Material and Methods Adult cats weighing between 4 and 10 pounds were used. In the
Rewards, Resources, and the Rate of Mobility: A Nonstationary Multivariate Stochastic Model

1971 "Organizational technology and organizational structure. " Administrative Science Quarterly 16:444-59. Parsons, Talcott 1962 Toward a General Theory of Action. New York: Free Press. Pennings, Johannes 1974 "Interdependence and complementarity. " Paper presented at American Sociological Association Annual Conference, Montreal. Perrow, Charles 1967 "A framework for the comparative analysis of organizations. " American Sociological Review 32:194-208. 1970 Organizational Analysis: A Sociological View. Belmont, Ca. : Wadsworth. Rosengren, William 1964 "Communication, organization, and conduct. " Administrative Science Quarterly 9:70-90. Shaw, M. E. 1964 "Communication network and distribution of 'weight' of group members as determinants of group effectiveness. " Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 4:302-14. Simpson, Richard L. 1962 "Vertical and horizontal communications in formal organizations. " Administrative Science Quarterly 4:188-96. Tannenbaum, Arnold 1974 Hierarchy in Organization. New York: Wiley. Thompson, James D. 1967 Organization in Action. Chicago: McGrawHill. Urwick, L. 1943 The Elements of Administration. New York: Wiley. Van de Ven, Andrew H. 1975 "Group decision making and effectiveness. " Organization and Administrative Sciences 6:1-108. Van de Ven, Andrew H. and Andre L. Delbecq 1974 "A task contingent model of work unit structure. " Administrative Science Quarterly 19: 183-97. Weber, Max 1947 The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations. Tr. by A.M. Henderson and Talcott Parsons. New York: Free Press.
Coaggregation of Streptococcus sanguis and other streptococci with Candida albicans

Thirteen strains of viridans group streptococci and two strains of other streptococci were tested for coaggregation with Candida albicans. Streptococcus sanguis strains generally exhibited low levels of adherence to 28 degrees C-grown exponential-phase yeast cells, but starvation of yeast cells for glucose at 37 degrees C (or at 28 degrees C) increased their coaggregating activity with these streptococci by at least tenfold. This was a property common to four C. albicans strains tested, two of which were able to form mycelia (6406 and MEN) and two of which were not (MM2002 and CA2). The expression of the coaggregation adhesin during yeast cell starvation was inhibited by addition of trichodermin or amphotericin B. The strains of S. sanguis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus oralis tested for coaggregating activity encompassed a diverse range of physiological and morphological types, yet all exhibited saturable coaggregation with starved C. albicans cells. There was no correlation of cell surface hydrophobicity, of either yeast or streptococcal cells, with their abilities to coaggregate. Strains of Streptococcus anginosus also coaggregated with starved yeast cells; Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus pyogenes coaggregated to a lesser degree with C. albicans, and the coaggregation with S. pyogenes was not promoted by yeast cell starvation; Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis did not coaggregate with yeast. The coaggregation reactions of S. sanguis and S. gordonii with C. albicans were inhibited by EDTA and by heat or protease treatment of the yeast cells and were not reversible by the addition of lactose or other simple sugars. These observations extend the range of intergeneric coaggregations that are known to occur between oral microbes and suggest that coaggregations of C. albicans with viridans group streptococci may be important for colonization of oral surfaces by the yeast.
Cardiac reactivity during the ascending phase of acute intravenous alcohol exposure and association with subjective perceptions of intoxication in social drinkers.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to characterize cardiac reactivity measures, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV), following acute intravenous (IV) alcohol administration and their association with subjective responses in social drinkers. METHODS Twenty-four subjects (11 females) received IV alcohol infusions to attain and clamp the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) at 50 mg% or placebo in separate sessions. Serial 5-minute cardiac recordings at baseline and during the infusion were analyzed to obtain frequency and time domain cardiac measures. Self-reported subjective perceptions were also obtained at the same time points. RESULTS HR showed significant decreases from baseline, while the HRV measure pNN50 showed steady increases during the ascending phase of alcohol infusion. HR was inversely correlated with pNN50 across time and treatment. There was a significant association of HR with subjective feelings of high, intoxication, feeling drug effects, and liking drug effects across time during the ascending phase. CONCLUSIONS Acute IV alcohol resulted in decreases in HR and increases in HRV consistent with autonomic parasympathetic activation. The association of these changes with subjective responses suggests that cardiac reactivity may serve as a physiological marker of subjective alcohol effects. This study broadens the understanding of acute cardiovascular effects of alcohol and clinically significant cardiac conditions such as arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy associated with chronic alcohol drinking.
Does music training enhance working memory performance? Findings from a quasi-experimental longitudinal study

Instrumental music training has been shown to enhance cognitive processing beyond general intelligence. We examined this assumption with regard to working memory performance in primary school-aged children (N = 50; 7–8 years of age) within a longitudinal study design. Half of the children participated in an extended music education program with 45 minutes of weekly instrumental music training, while the other half received extended natural science training. Each child completed a computerized test battery three times over a period of 18 months. The battery included seven subtests, which address the central executive, the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad components of Baddeley’s working memory model. Socio-economic background and basic cognitive functions were assessed for each participant and used as covariates in subsequent analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Significant group by time interactions were found for phonological loop and central executive subtests, indicating a superior developmental course in children with music training compared to the control group. These results confirm previous findings concerning music training and cognitive performance. It is suggested that children receiving music training benefit specifically in those aspects of cognitive functioning that are strongly related to auditory information processing.
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis of the Cold-Hot Nature of Traditional Chinese Marine Medicine for Possible Anticancer Activity

Traditional Chinese Marine Medicine (TCMM) represents one of the medicinal resources for research and development of novel anticancer drugs. In this study, to investigate the presence of anticancer activity (AA) displayed by cold or hot nature of TCMM, we analyzed the association relationship and the distribution regularity of TCMMs with different nature (613 TCMMs originated from 1,091 species of marine organisms) via association rules mining and phylogenetic tree analysis. The screened association rules were collected from three taxonomy groups: (1) Bacteria superkingdom, Phaeophyceae class, Fucales order, Sargassaceae family, and Sargassum genus; (2) Viridiplantae kingdom, Streptophyta phylum, Malpighiales class, and Rhizophoraceae family; (3) Holothuroidea class, Aspidochirotida order, and Holothuria genus. Our analyses showed that TCMMs with closer taxonomic relationship were more likely to possess anticancer bioactivity. We found that the cluster pattern of marine organisms with reported AA tended to cluster with cold nature TCMMs. Moreover, TCMMs with salty-cold nature demonstrated properties for softening hard mass and removing stasis to treat cancers, and species within Metazoa or Viridiplantae kingdom of cold nature were more likely to contain AA properties. We propose that TCMMs from these marine groups may enable focused bioprospecting for discovery of novel anticancer drugs derived from marine bioresources.
Cuing Contributes to the Independent Modification of Multiple Internal 2 3 Models for Vocal Control 4 5 6 7

45 Research on the control of visually-guided limb movements indicates that the 46 brain learns and continuously updates an internal model that maps the 47 relationship between motor commands and sensory feedback. A growing body of 48 work suggests that an internal model that relates motor commands to sensory 49 feedback also supports vocal control. There is evidence from arm-reaching 50 studies that shows that when provided with a contextual cue, the motor system 51 can acquire multiple internal models, which allows an animal to adapt to different 52 perturbations in diverse contexts. In this study we show that trained singers can 53 rapidly acquire multiple internal models regarding voice fundamental frequency 54 (F0). These models accommodate different perturbations to ongoing auditory 55 feedback. Participants heard three musical notes and reproduced each one in 56 succession. The musical targets could serve as a contextual cue to indicate 57 which direction (up or down) feedback would be altered on each trial, however 58 participants were not explicitly instructed to use this strategy. When participants 59 were gradually exposed to altered feedback adaptation was observed 60 immediately following vocal onset. Aftereffects were target specific and did not 61 influence vocal productions on subsequent trials. When target notes were no 62 longer a contextual cue, adaptation occurred during altered feedback trials and 63 evidence for trial-by-trial adaptation was found. These findings indicate that the 64 brain is exceptionally sensitive to the deviations between auditory feedback and 65 the predicted consequence of a motor command during vocalization. Moreover, 66 these results indicate that, with contextual cues, the vocal control system may 67
Representing, Conserving and celebrating nature: An analysis of Chifunyise’s Takura and The Talking Branch: A Collection of Traditional Stories on the Environment

In Zimbabwe, children’s literature is an evolving, yet very crucial discipline that deals with topical issues such as language, identity, culture, environmentalism and sustainable development. Located within the discourse on Zimbabwean literature, this study argues that Zimbabwean children’s literature has not received adequate scholarly reflections, yet it deals with critical issues, just like adult literature. The study appreciates positive developments in Zimbabwean children’s literature by paying particular attention to Stephen Chifunyise’s Takura and the Talking Branch: A Collection of Traditional Stories on the Environment (1995). Informed by Glotfelty and Fromm’s theory of eco-criticism (1996), the study argues that children’s literature promotes environmental consciousness. The research critiques Chifunyise’s depiction of the themes of environmentalism and sustainable development in Takura and the Talking Branch: A Collection of Traditional Stories on the Environment.
Ultrastructural mitochondria changes in perihematomal brain and neuroprotective effects of Huperzine A after acute intracerebral hemorrhage

Aim The purpose of the study was to observe the ultrastructural changes of neuronal mitochondria in perihematomal brain tissue and assess the therapeutic potential of Huperzine A (HA, a mitochondrial protector) following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Brain hemorrhage was induced in adult Sprague Dawley rats by injecting autologous blood into the striatum and then removing the brains 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours later to analyze mitochondrial ultrastructure in a blinded manner. Parallel groups of ICH rats were treated with HA or saline immediately after ICH. Perihematomal apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), caspase-3 activation and cytochrome C translocation were tracked by immunoblots, and neurobehavioral test results were compared between the groups. Results Mitochondria in perihematomal neurons demonstrated dramatic changes including mitochondrial swelling, intracristal dilation, and decreased matrix density. HA treatment decreased mitochondrial injury and apoptosis, inhibited caspase-3 activation and cytochrome C translocation, and improved behavioral recovery. Conclusion These data show that ICH induces dramatic mitochondrial damage, and HA exhibits protective effects possibly through ameliorating mitochondrial injury and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest a new direction for novel therapeutics.
TGFβ Induces “BRCAness” and Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition in Breast Cancer by Regulating DNA-Repair Genes

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) proteins are multitasking cytokines, in which high levels at tumor sites generally correlate with poor prognosis in human patients with cancer. Previously, it was reported that TGFβ downregulates the expression of ataxia telangiectasia–mutated (ATM) and mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) in breast cancer cells through an miRNA-mediated mechanism. In this study, expression of a panel of DNA-repair genes was examined, identifying breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) as a target downregulated by TGFβ through the miR181 family. Correlations between the expression levels of TGFβ1 and the miR181/BRCA1 axis were observed in primary breast tumor specimens. By downregulating BRCA1, ATM, and MSH2, TGFβ orchestrates DNA damage response in certain breast cancer cells to induce a “BRCAness” phenotype, including impaired DNA-repair efficiency and synthetic lethality to the inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Xenograft tumors with active TGFβ signaling exhibited resistance to the DNA-damaging agent doxorubicin but increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor ABT-888. Combination of doxorubicin with ABT-888 significantly improved the treatment efficacy in TGFβ-active tumors. Thus, TGFβ can induce “BRCAness” in certain breast cancers carrying wild-type BRCA genes and enhance the responsiveness to PARP inhibition, and the molecular mechanism behind this is characterized. Implications: These findings enable better selection of patients with sporadic breast cancer for PARP interventions, which have exhibited beneficial effects in patients carrying BRCA mutations. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1597–609. ©2014 AACR.
A cross-cultural study of a circumplex model of affect.

In the quest to understand how people conceptualize emotional feelings, one approach has been to seek the dimensions by which they perceive the similarities and differences among feelings. A circumplex model of affect represents this set of mutual relations by placing feeling-related concepts in a circular order in a space formed by two bipolar dimensions: pleasure-displeasure and arousalsleepiness. This article offers evidence that the circumplex structure, rather than being somehow dependent on the English-speaking student population in which it was originally obtained, occurs in different languages and cultures. In Study 1, Estonian, Greek, and Polish Ss judged the similarity between feelings described by 28 words in their respective native languages. In Study 2, Greek and Chinese Ss judged the similarity between feelings conveyed by 10 facial expressions. In all cases, multidimensional scaling of pairwise similarity scores yielded the circular order and underlying dimensions predicted by the circumplex.
Induction of antinuclear antibody after interferon therapy in patients with type-C chronic hepatitis: its relation to the efficacy of therapy.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) and interferon (IFN)-induced ANA has been documented in patients with chronic hepatitis C. In the present study we evaluated whether the induction pattern of ANA after IFN therapy is related to the efficacy of IFN therapy. METHODS Forty-four patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled. Autoimmune hepatitis was excluded in all. ANA was measured every month before, during, and for 6 months after IFN therapy (total dose, 336-480 M units). RESULTS Eight of the 44 (18%) patients were positive for ANA before IFN therapy (group I). In group I six of the eight ANA-positive patients showed an increase in ANA titers during the therapy. Twenty-two of 36 (61%) ANA-negative patients turned positive for ANA, with titers of 1:80 or less during IFN therapy (group II). In 14 of the 36 (39%) ANA-negative patients ANA remained negative throughout the therapy (group III). The rates of sustained responders with a negativity of serum hepatitis C virus RNA and with normal alanine aminotransferase levels for at least 6 months after the cessation of therapy in groups I, II, and III were 25%, 23%, and 21%, respectively, giving no significant difference in the efficacy of therapy. No serious side effect was observed during the therapy. CONCLUSIONS Administration of IFN frequently produced an induction of ANA or an increase in its titer, which did not affect the efficacy of IFN therapy.
The relationship between tumour site, clinicopathological characteristics and cancer‐specific survival in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer

Aim It is recognised that colorectal cancer may arise from different genomic instability pathways. There is evidence to suggest that colon and rectal cancers exhibit different clinicopathological features. We examined the relationship between tumour site, clinicopathological characteristics and cancer‐specific survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer.
Vitamin B 12 , folic acid , and the nervous system

There are many reasons for reviewing the neurology of vitamin-B12 and folic-acid defi ciencies together, including the intimate relation between the metabolism of the two vitamins, their morphologically indistinguishable megaloblastic anaemias, and their overlapping neuropsychiatric syndromes and neuropathology, including their related inborn errors of metabolism. Folates and vitamin B12 have fundamental roles in CNS function at all ages, especially the methionine-synthase mediated conversion of homocysteine to methionine, which is essential for nucleotide synthesis and genomic and non-genomic methylation. Folic acid and vitamin B12 may have roles in the prevention of disorders of CNS development, mood disorders, and dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia in elderly people.
Examination of the Relation between Academic Procrastination and Time Management Skills of Undergraduate Students in Terms of Some Variables

Academic procrastination is seen to be quite common among undergraduates and time management is thought to be one of the possible reasons of it. Two surveys, academic procrastination and time management, were given to 332 undergraduate students in this correlational research. Students’ academic procrastination is explained through frequencies and percentages and a correlation is questioned between academic procrastination and time management. Regression analysis is used to find out if time management predicts academic procrastination in a statistically significant way. Besides, students’ level of time management (low, medium, high) is examined and covariance analysis has been carried out to see if time management level and gender, time management level and housing type (private or state dormitory or house), time management level and their major and time management level and where they live have a common effect on academic procrastination. Results indicate that students are generally indecisive about their behaviors of procrastination in academic tasks and are in middle level in terms of time management skills. There is a moderate level, negative sided and statistically significant correlation between academic procrastination and time management. Not a common effect of mentioned above variables is seen.