Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale for the evaluation of presenteeism for Brazilian Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE describe the process of transcultural adaptation and validation of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale for Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS Methodological study of the cultural adaptation and validation of the tool which involved 153 nursing staff and included six aspects of equivalence, obtained through the following stages: translation, first version of consent, retranslation, specialist committee, pre-test, study of test-retest credibleness and dimensional validity. RESULTS The stability of the items varied from moderate to almost perfect and the sequence constancy was almost perfect. Two factors were identified through the exploratory fact analysis: the first one included the physical aspects - completing work; and the second one the psychological aspects - avoided distraction . CONCLUSIONS the results suggest adequacy of the tool in the Brazilian Portuguese version, indicating its use in the context of the study group and in similar groups, contributing to the study of evidences which consolidate strategies that favor the health conditions of the jobholders.
Perceive the Sound Pattern of English *

Language lies at the heart of human cognitive and social development. Infants, who are by definition "without language," become speaker-hearers of particular languages within their first few years, through their experience with the speech of their caregivers and other significant people in their environment. The foundation for the emergence of language proper is the infant's discovery of sound-meaning correspondences in the utterances produced by those significant people. Social and physical context provide support for the semantic meaning of an utterance, although determining the specific referent of an unknown word from non-linguistic context alone may be no simple task (see Quine, 1960). The present discussion, however, will focus on the other side of the sound-meaning relation, the sound pattern itself. It still far from clear how the infant comes to recognize in the stream of connected speech the sequence of consonants and vowels that may underlie the diverse pronunciations of a given word in different sentences, by different speakers, and under different speaking conditions (e.g., in rapid casual speech versus slow, exaggerated infant-directed speech). for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of the chapter, to Alice also for managing the infant lab in my near-absence, and to a wonderful group of research assistants who kept the lab running smoothly while I wrote: Thanks also to Steve for doing more than his fair share of child care, and to my daughters Aurora and Vanessa for being patient. 31 Presumably, these accomplishments are built on the infant's prior abilities to discriminate and classify the audible properties that correspond to various levels of organization in speech, e.g., consonants and vowels (phonetic segments), rhythmic stress patterns, prosodic phrases, and so forth. It is these perceptual abilities for handling the "surface phonetic structure" of speech that are the primary concern of this chapter. In particular, we will focus on how the infant's experience with a particular language begins to influence perception of consonant and vowel contrasts that fall outside the phonetic inventoryemployed by that language. Developmental changes in perception of such non-native contrasts can provide important insights about the aspects of the native phonological system to which infants are becoming attuned as they gain experience with native speech. The central goal of this chapter is to describe and provide evidence for a model of how language-specific experience influences infants' and adults' perception of non-native phonetic contrasts. The model is the Perceptual Assimilation Model of cross-language …
Microencapsulated conjugated linoleic acid associated with hypocaloric diet reduces body fat in sedentary women with metabolic syndrome

Background Animal studies have suggested beneficial effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in reducing body fat mass and improvement in the serum lipid profile and glycemia. However, these effects are controversial in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of microencapsulated CLA supplementation on body composition, body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure in sedentary women with metabolic syndrome. Methods This study was a placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trial. Fourteen women diagnosed with metabolic syndrome received light strawberry jam enriched or not with microencapsulated CLA (3 g/day) as a mixture of 38.57% cis-9, trans-11, and 39.76% trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers associated with a hypocaloric diet for 90 days. The subjects were monitored to assess variables associated with the metabolic syndrome, in addition to assessing adherence with the intervention. Results There were no significant effects of microencapsulated CLA on the lipid profile or blood pressure. Mean plasma insulin concentrations were significantly lower in women supplemented with microencapsulated CLA (Δ T90 – T0 = −12.87 ± 4.26 μU/mL, P = 0.02). Microencapsulated CLA supplementation did not alter the waist circumference, but there was a reduction in body fat mass detected after 30 days (Δ = −2.68% ± 0.82%, P = 0.02), which was maintained until the 90-day intervention period (Δ = −3.32% ± 1.41%, P = 0.02) in the microencapsulated CLA group. The placebo group showed this effect only after 90 days (Δ = −1.97% ± 0.60%, P = 0.02), but had a reduced waist circumference (Δ T90 – T0 = −4.25 ± 1.31 cm, P = 0.03). Conclusion Supplementation with mixed-isomer microencapsulated CLA may have a favorable effect on glycemic control and body fat mass loss at an earlier time in sedentary women with metabolic syndrome, although there were no effects on lipid profile and blood pressure.
Cell surface properties of high‐ and low‐metastatic cell lines selected from a spontaneous mouse lung carcinoma

The surface oligosaccharide residues, glycoproteins and sialyl components of CMT64 lung carcinoma cells and high‐metastatic sublines CMT167 and CMT181 have been studied in culture. (I) The total cellular sialic acid content did not differ appreciably between the three lines. However, the accessibility of surface sialyl groups, measured by metabolic incorporation of [3H]NAcmannosamine followed by neuraminidase hydrolysis, was decreased from 42% in CMT64 to 25% hydrolyzed in CMT181. (2) The major plasma membrane glycoproteins of the lines were radiolabelled by lactoperoxidase iodination, metabolic incorporation of [3H]fucose or labelling in the terminal sialyl residues by the NalO4‐NaB[3H]4 method and the labelled glycoproteins were analyzed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Each labelling technique identified a complex pattern of glycoproteins including a prominently labelled group of high‐molecular‐weight acidic sialoglycoproteins: GP200/4.9–5.1 (apparent molecular weight ×10−3/pI of iodoprotein); GP150/5.1–5.6; GP130/5.0–5.6; GP110/5.0; GP100/4.8 and GP100/5.0–5.4. (3) The neuraminidase‐susceptible glycoproteins on CMT64 and CMT181 were identified in the isoelectric focusing separation of the two‐dimensional gel separation by the charge difference caused by desialylation. The glycoproteins most susceptible to neuraminidase were the high‐molecular‐weight acidic glycoproteins which showed marked charge heterogeneity: GP150/5.1–5.6, GP130/5.0–5.6; GP100/5.0–5.4 and GP100/4.8. (4) Using these procedures we did not detect modifications between CMT181 and CMT64 and we conclude that the cultured cells of the sublines do not display marked surface glycoprotein alterations that reflect their enhanced spontaneous metastatic potential.
Influence of  $A$ -Site Deficiency on Magnetocaloric Effect in Nonstoichiometric  $({\rm La}_{0.8}{\rm Ca}_{0.2})_{0.975}{\rm MnO}_{3.01}$

Manganite perovskite with A-site deficiency has been synthesized by a solid-state reaction technique. Our work does not support a general view that A-site deficiency gives a decrease on Curie temperature. The Curie temperature of (La<sub>0.8</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>0.975</sub>MnO<sub>3.01</sub> is 188 K with maximum entropy change -ΔSM <sub>max</sub> = 1.6 J·kg<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup> and refrigerant capacity (RC) of 27 J/kg under an applied field of 10 kOe. The nonstoichiometric (La<sub>0.8</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>0.975</sub>MnO<sub>3.01</sub> may offer a wider temperature span of ~240% compared with those nanocrystalline La<sub>0.8</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>MnO<sub>3.01</sub> that have similar RC, which has been reported by others.
Fusion Induced by a Class II Viral Fusion Protein, Semliki Forest Virus E1, Is Dependent on the Voltage of the Target Cell

ABSTRACT Cells expressing the low pH-triggered class II viral fusion protein E1 of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) were fused to target cells. Fusion was monitored by electrical capacitance and aqueous dye measurements. Electrical voltage-clamp measurements showed that SFV E1-induced cell-cell fusion occurred quickly after acidification for a trans-negative potential across the target membrane (i.e., negative potential inside the target cell) but that a trans-positive potential eliminated all fusion. Use of an ionophore to control potentials for a large population of cells confirmed the dependence of fusion on voltage polarity. In contrast, fusion induced by the class I fusion proteins of human immunodeficiency virus, avian sarcoma leukosis virus, and influenza virus was independent of the voltage polarity across the target cell. Initial pore size and pore growth were also independent of voltage polarity for the class I proteins. An intermediate of SFV E1-induced fusion was created by transient acidification at low temperature. Membranes were hemifused at this intermediate state, and raising the temperature at neutral pH allowed full fusion to occur. Capacitance measurements showed that maintaining a trans-positive potential definitely blocked fusion at steps following the creation of the hemifusion intermediate and may have inhibited fusion at prior steps. It is proposed that the trans-negative voltage across the endosomal membrane facilitates fusion after low-pH-induced conformational changes of SFV E1 have occurred.
The emergence of the unmarked: Optimality in prosodic morphology

the University of Victoria, UMass, and Rutgers University, particularly to Nora Aion, Akin Akinlabi, Olga Babko-Malaya, Eric Bakovic, Jill Beckman, Jose Benki, Laura Benua, Barry Carlson, Megan Crowhurst, Merce Gonzalez, Sharon Inkelas, Zvi Gilbert, Amalia Gnanadesikan, Rene Kager, Ed Keer, John Kingston, Paul Kiparsky, Marc van Oostendorp, Jaye Padgett, Rossina Petrova, Ivan Sag, Vieri Samek-Lodovici, Lisa Selkirk, Yael Sharvit, Pat Shaw, Paul Smolensky, Rachel Thorburn, Suzanne Urbanczyk, Jennifer Yearley, Laura Walsh, and Arnold Zwicky, for their comments and questions. We owe a special debt to Junko Ito and Armin Mester, who reviewed a draft of the NELS handout and provided much useful feedback. T The Emergence of the Unmarked Optimality in Prosodic Morphology1
Monocytes and macrophages as nanomedicinal targets for improved diagnosis and treatment of disease

The important role of monocytes and macrophages in diseases like cancer and atherosclerosis has started to get uncovered in the last decade. In addition, subsets of these cell types are believed to participate in the initiation and aggravation of several diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. For this reason, monocytes and macrophages have recently been identified as interesting targets for both diagnosis and treatment of the aforementioned pathologies. Compared with free therapeutic or imaging agents, nanoparticle formulations provide several advantages that improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of these agents. In addition, the possibility of surface functionalization creates numerous ways to optimize nanoparticle delivery. Recent advances in nanomedicine have led to the development of multifunctional nanoparticles that allow simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of monocytes and macrophages with high specificity. Relying on the inherent ability of monocytes and macrophages to easily take up foreign particles, the use of nanoparticles provides a precious opportunity for the management of several inflammatory diseases.
Caspase 3-mediated Cleavage of p21 WAF1/CIP1 Associated with the Cyclin A-Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 Complex Is a Prerequisite for Apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 Cells*

Apoptosis of SK-HEP-1 human hepatoma cells induced by treatment with ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is associated with rapid and selective activation of cyclin A-associated cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). Here, we show that in apoptotic cells, the Cdk inhibitory protein p21 WAF1/CIP1 , which is associated with the cyclin A-Cdk2 complex, undergoes selective proteolytic cleavage. In contrast, another Cdk inhibitory protein, p27 KIP1 , which is associated with cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes, remained unaltered during apoptosis. Ectopic overexpression of p21 WAF1/CIP1 suppressed apoptosis as well as cyclin A-Cdk2 activity induced by treatment of SK-HEP-1 cells with G-Rh2. The suppressive effects of p21 WAF1/CIP1 were much higher in the cells transfected with p21D112N, an expression vector that encodes a p21 WAF1/CIP1 mutant resistant to caspase 3 cleavage. Overexpression of cyclin A in SK-HEP-1 cells dramatically up-regulated cyclin A-Cdk2 activity and accordingly enhances apoptosis induced by treatment with G-Rh2. These up-regulating effects were blocked by coexpression of a dominant negative allele of cdk2. Furthermore, olomoucine, a specific inhibitor of Cdks, also blocked G-Rh2-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that the induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells treated with G-Rh2 occurs by a mechanism that involves the activation of cyclin A-Cdk2 by caspase 3-mediated cleavage of p21 WAF1/CIP1 .
Multidimensional Prognostic Index in Association with Future Mortality and Number of Hospital Days in a Population-Based Sample of Older Adults: Results of the EU Funded MPI_AGE Project

Background The Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) has been found to predict mortality in patients with a variety of clinical conditions. We aimed to assess the association of the MPI with future mortality and number of in-hospital days for the first time in a population-based cohort. Methods The study population consisted of 2472 persons, aged 66–99 years, from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, Sweden, who underwent the baseline visit 2001–4, and were followed up >10 years for in-hospital days and >12 years for mortality. The MPI was a modified version of the original and aggregated seven domains (personal and instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive function, illness severity and comorbidity, number of medications, co-habitation status, and nutritional status). The MPI score was divided into risk groups: low, medium and high. Number of in-hospital days (within 1, 3 and 10 years) and mortality data were derived from official registries. All analyses were age-stratified (sexagenarians, septuagenarians, octogenarians, nonagenarians). Results During the follow-up 1331 persons (53.8%) died. Laplace regression models, suggested that median survival in medium risk groups varied by age from 2.2–3.6 years earlier than for those in the corresponding low risk groups (p = 0.002-p<0.001), and median survival in high risk groups varied by age from 3.8–9.0 years earlier than for corresponding low risk groups (p<0.001). For nonagenarians, the median age at death was 3.8 years earlier in the high risk group than for the low risk group (p<0.001). The mean number of in-hospital days increased significantly with higher MPI risk score within 1 and 3 years for people of each age group. Conclusion For the first time, the effectiveness of MPI has been verified in a population-based cohort. Higher MPI risk scores associated with more days in hospital and with fewer years of survival, across a broad and stratified age range.
The effect of doubling the dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on platelet function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and platelet hyperreactivity during treatment with 75 mg of ASA: a subanalysis of the AVOCADO study.

BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes are at 2- to 4-fold higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those without diabetes. High platelet reactivity (HPR) plays a pivotal role in atherothrombotic complications of diabetes. Polish and American diabetes associations recommend treating high-risk diabetic patients with low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Unfortunately, some patients show HPR despite treatment with ASA. AIM To determine the effect of doubling the dose of ASA on platelet reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and HPR despite treatment of with 75 mg of ASA. METHODS 304 type 2 diabetes patients treated with 75 mg of ASA were enrolled into the prospective, randomised, open-label Aspirin Versus/Or Clopidogrel in Aspirin-resistant Diabetics inflammation Outcomes (AVOCADO) study. Platelet reactivity was assessed by Platelet Function Analyser (PFA)-100®, VerifyNow® Aspirin Assay, and serum thromboxane B2 (sTXB2) and urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (u11dhTXB2) level measurements. Patients with HPR determined by collagen/epinephrine-induced closure time (CEPI-CT) measured by PFA-100® were randomised in a 2:3 ratio to receive 150 mg of ASA (Group 1) or 75 mg of clopidogrel (Group 2), respectively. Platelet reactivity was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Complete clinical data and blood samples were ultimately available for 260 of 304 patients initially enrolled to the study. Subsequently, six patients were excluded from the analysis based on suspected ASA non-compliance (sTXB2 level > 7200 pg/mL). Among 254 patients finally included into analysis, HPR was found in 90 (35.4%) patients of whom 38 patients were randomised to Group 1 and 52 patients to Group 2. Doubling the dose of ASA resulted in a significant CEPI-CT prolongation (Delta 111 s, p < 0.001) and reduction of sTXB2 level (Delta -101.3 pg/mL, p = 0.001) but did not significantly affect results of other platelet function tests. CONCLUSIONS Doubling the dose of ASA improved platelet reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and HPR.
Comparative spring mechanics in mantis shrimp

SUMMARY Elastic mechanisms are fundamental to fast and efficient movements. Mantis shrimp power their fast raptorial appendages using a conserved network of exoskeletal springs, linkages and latches. Their appendages are fantastically diverse, ranging from spears to hammers. We measured the spring mechanics of 12 mantis shrimp species from five different families exhibiting hammer-shaped, spear-shaped and undifferentiated appendages. Across species, spring force and work increase with size of the appendage and spring constant is not correlated with size. Species that hammer their prey exhibit significantly greater spring resilience compared with species that impale evasive prey (‘spearers’); mixed statistical results show that species that hammer prey also produce greater work relative to size during spring loading compared with spearers. Disabling part of the spring mechanism, the ‘saddle’, significantly decreases spring force and work in three smasher species; cross-species analyses show a greater effect of cutting the saddle on the spring force and spring constant in species without hammers compared with species with hammers. Overall, the study shows a more potent spring mechanism in the faster and more powerful hammering species compared with spearing species while also highlighting the challenges of reconciling within-species and cross-species mechanical analyses when different processes may be acting at these two different levels of analysis. The observed mechanical variation in spring mechanics provides insights into the evolutionary history, morphological components and mechanical behavior, which were not discernible in prior single-species studies. The results also suggest that, even with a conserved spring mechanism, spring behavior, potency and component structures can be varied within a clade with implications for the behavioral functions of power-amplified devices.
An Altered gp100 Peptide Ligand with Decreased Binding by TCR and CD8α Dissects T Cell Cytotoxicity from Production of Cytokines and Activation of NFAT

Altered peptide ligands (APLs) provide useful tools to study T cell activation and potentially direct immune responses to improve treatment of cancer patients. To better understand and exploit APLs, we studied the relationship between APLs and T cell function in more detail. Here, we tested a broad panel of gp100280–288 APLs with respect to T cell cytotoxicity, production of cytokines, and activation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) by human T cells gene-engineered with a gp100-HLA-A2-specific TCRαβ. We demonstrated that gp100-specific cytotoxicity, production of cytokines, and activation of NFAT were not affected by APLs with single amino acid substitutions, except for an APL with an amino acid substitution at position 3 (APL A3), which did not elicit any T cell response. A gp100 peptide with a double amino acid mutation (APL S4S6) elicited T cell cytotoxicity and production of IFNγ, and to a lesser extent TNFα, IL-4, and IL-5, but not production of IL-2 and IL-10, or activation of NFAT. Notably, T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated functions showed decreases in sensitivities for S4S6 versus gp100 wild-type (wt) peptide, which were minor for cytotoxicity but at least a 1000-fold more prominent for the production of cytokines. TCR-engineered T cells did not bind A3-HLA-A2, but did bind S4S6-HLA-A2 although to a lowered extent compared to wt peptide-HLA-A2. Moreover, S4S6-induced T cell function demonstrated an enhanced dependency on CD8α. Taken together, most gp100 APLs functioned as agonists, but A3 and S4S6 peptides acted as a null ligand and partial agonist, respectively. Our results further suggest that TCR-mediated cytotoxicity can be dissected from production of cytokines and activation of NFAT, and that the agonist potential of peptide mutants relates to the extent of binding by TCR and CD8α. These findings may facilitate the design of APLs to advance the study of T cell activation and their use for therapeutic applications.
Study on Evaluation Method for PVA Fiber Distribution in Engineered Cementitious Composite

The distribution of fibers in Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is one of the most important factors in terms of the mechanical performance of the composite. However, estimation of fiber distribution in ECC has been a difficult problem because of the lower contrast of organic fiber in the cement material. To overcome this problem, we demonstrated a new evaluation method for the distribution of discontinuous Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) fibers in ECC. By using a fluorescence technique on the ECC, we were able to observe PVA fibers as green to yellow dots in the cross section of the composite. After capturing the fluorescence image with a CCD camera through a microscope, the image was divided into small units of the appropriate pixel size. Then, the degree of distribution was calculated with the deviation from the average number of fibers in one unit. By adjusting the preferable unit size, we found a relationship between the degree of distribution and the ultimate tensile strain of the composite.