Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion: Normal Imaging Appearance on 3T-MRI

Objective To identify superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCSG) and describe their characteristic MR appearance using 3T-MRI. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, we recruited 53 consecutive patients without history of head and neck irradiation. Using anatomic location based on literature review, both sides of the neck were evaluated to identify SCSGs in consensus. SCSGs were divided into definite (medial to internal carotid artery [ICA] and lateral to longus capitis muscle [LCM]) and probable SCSGs based on relative location to ICA and LCM. Two readers evaluated signal characteristics including intraganglionic hypointensity of all SCSGs and relative location of probable SCSGs. Interrater and intrarater agreements were quantified using unweighted kappa. Results Ninety-one neck sites in 53 patients were evaluated after exclusion of 15 neck sites with pathology. Definite SCSGs were identified at 66 (73%) sites, and probable SCSGs were found in 25 (27%). Probable SCSGs were located anterior to LCM in 16 (18%), lateral to ICA in 6 (7%), and posterior to ICA in 3 (3%). Intraganglionic hypointensity was identified in 82 (90%) on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted images. There was no statistical difference in the relative location between definite and probable SCSGs of the right and left sides with intragnalionic hypointensity on difference pulse sequences. Interrater and intrarater agreements on the location and intraganglionic hypointensity were excellent (κ-value, 0.749–1.000). Conclusion 3T-MRI identified definite SCSGs at 73% of neck sites and varied location of the remaining SCSGs. Intraganglionic hypointensity was a characteristic feature of SCSGs.
Indoor empirical path loss prediction model for 2.4 GHz 802.11n network

The purpose of this study is to develop an indoor empirical path loss prediction model for IEEE 802.11n network at 2.4 GHz. As 802.11n features Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) which is not present in any previous wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, it is considered imperative to figure out a suitable prediction model for 802.11n network. Signal predictions using empirical models such as Dual-Slope Model, Partitioned Model, Log-Normal Shadowing Model, ITU-R Recommendation P.1238-1 Model, Adjusted Motley-Keenan Model and COST 231-Multi-Wall Model were carried out at an academic building to determine the best prediction model. Analysis showed that Partitioned Model is the best signal estimation model and is chosen as the reference model for optimization. The optimization process involves modification of the Partitioned Model through three selected steps. Prediction results of the optimized model showed a further increase in signal prediction accuracy. This new model is named as Solah's Model and is recommended for predicting indoor signal loss in 802.11n WLAN, especially in assisting network deployment, migration and management in office or academic buildings.
Testing Interactive Effects of Commitment and Perceived Change Advocacy on Change Readiness: Investigating the Social Dynamics of Organizational Change

ABSTRACT In a study of the social dynamics in organizational change, the present research examined whether employees who are more committed to their top managers, supervisors, and workgroups have greater change readiness than those with lower commitment. Moreover, the study investigated whether the associations between commitment and change readiness depend on the perceived advocacy of change by commitment targets. Using data from 220 blue-collar workers, results showed higher change readiness among employees with greater commitment, and, as predicted, the commitment was more strongly related to change readiness when the target of one’s commitment had greater change advocacy. Conversely, the positive effects of commitment on change readiness disappeared or even turned negative if the target’s change advocacy was low. Therefore, change managers should try to enhance change support among relevant commitment targets, or foster commitment to groups that advocate for change. Overall, the study contributes to our understanding of the role of commitment in the context of organizational change, by identifying specific conditions under which commitment is linked to change readiness.
Featural representations of the New Zealand English short front vowels

The realisation of the short front vowels in NZE differs from British or American English (RP/AE) and is well documented (cf. Bauer, 1986). However, two crucial questions arise: (1) Do the acoustically different vowel realisations also involve different underlying representations as compared to RP/AE? (2) What is the precise nature of these representations? Previous investigations either suggest that most NZE speakers have the same vowel phonemes as British English speakers (cf. Bauer, 1986) or that the NZE vowel change reflects a re-distribution of phonetically detailed exemplars in the mental lexicon (cf. Warren, Hay, & Thomas, to appear). This paper proposes that NZE has in fact different vowel phonemes than RP/AE. In particular, the original three-way height contrast of the short front vowels developed into a twoway height contrast in NZE (cf. Hawkins, 1976). The underlying properties of these vowels is described in the framework of the Featurally Underspecified Lexicon (Lahiri & Reetz, 2002), in which lexical entries consist of phonological feature representations. The differing underlying vowel representations are accessed via a particular feature matching algorithm which allows variation to be resolved in one, possibly underspecified, representation, and not by storing multiple exemplars that interact with pre-lexical biases. Two behavioural experiments provide evidence for the claims that NZE vowels are represented in terms of phonological features and that NZE uses different vowel phonemes than AE. Experiment 1 conducted with NZE subjects using the indirect semantic priming technique showed that both bet and bit primes could activate the semantic relative of bat (club). The fact that bet and bit similarly primed club suggests that bat, through which the meaning of club was retrieved, is not specified for height in NZE such that the vowel in bet (with a phonetically high vowel) and the vowel in bit (with a mid vowel) could activate bat (and thereby, club) to the same degree. The results represent a challenge for exemplar-models which would expect priming differences to be based on the acoustic distance of prime and target vowels or on the frequency distributions of the stimuli. However, no such correlations could be found. Experiment 2 used the same material with speakers of AE. The results differed crucially in that the primes with a high vowel did not activate club through bat. This was predicted on the basis of a mismatch between a high and a low vowel and showed that speakers of AE have a different representation of bat words (with a low vowel) as compared to NZE speakers (with a non-low vowel).
Resolving the high redshift Lyα forest in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations

We use a large set of cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations to examine the effect of mass resolution and box size on synthetic Lyα forest spectra at 2 ≤z≤ 5. The mass resolution requirements for the convergence of the mean Lyα flux and flux power spectrum at z= 5 are significantly stricter than at lower redshift. This is because transmission in the high redshift Lyα forest is primarily due to underdense regions in the intergalactic medium (IGM), and these are less well resolved compared to the moderately overdense regions which dominate the Lyα forest opacity at z≃ 2–3. We further find that the gas density distribution in our simulations differs significantly from previous results in the literature at large overdensities (Δ > 10). We conclude that studies of the Lyα forest at z= 5 using SPH simulations require a gas particle mass of Mgas≤ 2 × 105 h−1 M⊙, which is ≳8 times the value required at z= 2. A box size of at least 40 h−1 Mpc is preferable at all redshifts.
Multiple trajectory search for unconstrained/constrained multi-objective optimization

Many real-world optimization problems involve multiple conflicting objectives. Therefore, multi-objective optimization has attracted much attention of researchers and many algorithms have been developed for solving multi-objective optimization problems in the last decade. In this paper the multiple trajectory search (MTS) is presented and successfully applied to thirteen unconstrained and ten constrained multi-objective optimization problems. These problems constitute a test suite provided for competition in the Special Session & Competition on Performance Assessment of Constrained/Bound Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms in CEC 2009. In the multiple trajectory search, a set of uniformly distributed solutions is first generated. These solutions will be separated into foreground solutions and background solutions. The search is focuses mainly on foreground solutions and partly on background solutions. The MTS chooses and applies one of the three local search methods on solutions iteratively. The three local search methods begin their search in a very large “neighborhood”. Then the neighborhood contracts step by step until it reaches a pre-defined tiny size, after then, it is reset to its original size. By utilizing such size-varied neighborhood searches, the MTS effectively solves the multi-objective optimization problems.
Free-running performance and full control of a passively phase-stable Er:fiber frequency comb

Optical frequency combs based on erbium-doped fiber lasers are attractive tools in precision metrology due to their inherent compactness and stability. Here we study a femtosecond Er:fiber comb that passively eliminates the carrier–envelope phase slip by difference frequency generation. Quantum statistics inside the all-fiber soliton oscillator governs its free-running performance. Active stabilization of the repetition rate supports a subhertz optical linewidth and does not necessitate additional intracavity elements. Direct locking to an optical atomic frequency standard enables generation of a 100 MHz microwave signal with a stability of 3.4 mHz maintained over 15 min.
The subcellular localization of GABAB receptor subunits in the rat substantia nigra

The inhibitory effects of GABA within the substantia nigra (SN) are mediated in part by metabotropic GABAB receptors. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, we have examined the subcellular localization of the GABAB receptor subunits, GABAB1 and GABAB2, in SN neurons and afferents using pre‐embedding immunocytochemistry combined with anterograde or retrograde labelling. In both the SN pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr), GABAB1 and GABAB2 showed overlapping, but distinct, patterns of immunolabelling. GABAB1 was more strongly expressed by putative dopaminergic neurons in the SNc than by SNr projection neurons, whereas GABAB2 was mainly expressed in the neuropil of both regions. Immunogold labelling for GABAB1 and GABAB2 was localized in presynaptic and postsynaptic elements throughout the SN. The majority of labelling was intracellular or was associated with extrasynaptic sites on the plasma membrane. In addition, labelling for both subunits was found on the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes at symmetric, putative GABAergic synapses, including those formed by anterogradely labelled striatonigral and pallidonigral terminals. Labelling was also observed on the presynaptic membrane and at the edge of the postsynaptic density at asymmetric, putative excitatory synapses. Double immunolabelling, using the vesicular glutamate transporter 2, revealed the glutamatergic nature of many of the immunogold‐labelled asymmetric synapses. The widespread distribution of GABAB subunits in the SNc and SNr suggests that GABAB‐mediated effects in these regions are likely to be more complex than previously described, involving presynaptic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, and postsynaptic receptors on different populations of SN neurons.
Pacemaker therapy for prevention of syncope in patients with recurrent severe vasovagal syncope: Second Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS II): a randomized trial.

CONTEXT Three previous small randomized trials have reported that pacemaker therapy is beneficial for patients with severe recurrent vasovagal syncope. However, because these trials were not double blind, they may have been biased in their assessment of outcomes and had a placebo effect of surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine if pacing therapy reduces the risk of syncope in patients with vasovagal syncope. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A randomized double-blind trial of pacemaker therapy in outpatients referred to syncope specialists at 15 centers from September 1998 to April 2002. In the year prior to randomization, patients had had a median of 4 episodes of syncope. Patients were followed up for up to 6 months. INTERVENTION After implantation of a dual chamber pacemaker, 100 patients were randomly assigned to receive dual-chamber pacing (DDD) with rate drop response or to have only sensing without pacing (ODO). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Time to first recurrence of syncope. RESULTS No patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 52 patients randomized to ODO, 22 (42%) had recurrent syncope within 6 months compared with 16 (33%) of 48 patients in the DDD group. The cumulative risk of syncope at 6 months was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25%-52%) for the ODO group and 31% (95% CI, 17%-43%) for the DDD group. The relative risk reduction in time to syncope with DDD pacing was 30% (95% CI, -33% to 63%; 1-sided P =.14). Lead dislodgement or repositioning occurred in 7 patients. One patient had vein thrombosis, another had pericardial tamponade leading to removal of the pacemaker system, and a third had infection involving the pacemaker generator. CONCLUSIONS In this double-blind randomized trial, pacing therapy did not reduce the risk of recurrent syncope in patients with vasovagal syncope. Because of the weak evidence of efficacy of pacemaker therapy and the risk of complications, pacemaker therapy should not be recommended as first-line therapy for patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope.
A realist evaluation of peer mentoring support for university students with autism

Education is effective in improving outcomes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While peer mentoring has demonstrated preliminary promise in supporting university students with ASD, the effective mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the required contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of peer mentoring for university students with ASD. Semi‐structured interviews based on a Realist Evaluation framework were conducted with 23 peer mentors and 24 university students with ASD. Thematic analysis identified three context themes: 'environmental conditions', 'university course demands' and 'aspects of ASD'; four mechanism themes: 'mentor', 'communication and social interaction', 'problem solving' and 'training and supervision'; and five outcome themes: 'identifying personal strengths', 'increased autonomy', 'achieving goals', 'relationships' and 'positive mentor outcomes'. Standard peer mentoring approaches can be enhanced to meet the needs of students with ASD by including training for mentors on ASD, and approaches that support mentees' social interaction and communication needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Revitalisasi Kepemimpinan Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Madrasah

There are no stupid people; there are people who do not know or are late to know. It is best for leaders to humanize humans, provide motivation, give opportunities for creativity to emerge, cultivate them according to their capacity so that innovation and their imagination do not sleep. A good leader will not look for mistakes blindly, or blame in public. Angry in public is killing human characters. The implication is that they will be quiet and lazy to innovate because there is no appreciation. So that they just become obedient and say it's up to the leader. Leaders who are imprisoned in respect and appreciation only will feel happy to be respected and respected even though it is another name for the sleeping of subordinate creativity. The worse is the top down instruction model leader who is an admirer of the institutional hierarchy who places a leader as the highest authority in the management area, so he always feels right, and taboo to be criticized and blamed. Apologies, ask for help, thank you for never coming out in verbal linguistics. There are only procedures, concepts, rigid instructions that are haram to be criticized. Therefore it is necessary to revitalize leadership in the madrasa.
Taking Close Others’ Environmental Behavior Into Account When Striking the Moral Balance? Evidence for Vicarious Licensing, Not for Vicarious Cleansing

Research shows that people search for balance in their moral (e.g., environmentally friendly) behaviors such that they feel licensed to behave less morally after a previous moral act (licensing) and cleanse previous morally questionable behaviors by subsequently behaving more morally (cleansing). This article investigates whether this balancing may extend to close others, but not to nonclose others, and tests vicarious licensing and cleansing in the environmental domain. Study 1 showed that vicarious licensing effects are more likely when a close other displayed environmentally friendly (vs. neutral) behavior. Study 2 showed that environmental vicarious licensing effects are more likely for close than nonclose others. Studies 3 and 4 suggested that vicarious licensing effects, but not vicarious cleansing effects are more likely for close (vs. nonclose) others. Finally, a meta-analysis showed that overall these studies provide evidence for vicarious licensing effects, but not for vicarious cleansing effects in the environmental domain.
Different frequencies of inducible nitric oxide synthase genotypes in older hypertensives.

A locus for essential hypertension has been found recently on chromosome 17 in the general vicinity of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene (NOS2A at 17cen-q11.2). We therefore tested NOS2A markers for association and linkage with hypertension in affected Australian Anglo-Caucasians. Patients for the association study (n=112) were from our cohort of hypertensives (systolic/diastolic=175+/-25 SD/112+/-19 mm Hg) who were the offspring of 2 hypertensive parents; control subjects (n=164) were normotensives whose parents were both normotensive. The linkage study involved 156 hypertensive sib-pairs. Genotypes for an 8-allele pentameric repeat located 2.6 kb upstream of NOS2A and of a biallelic tetranucleotide repeat 0.7 kb upstream were determined by polymerase chain reaction and automated gene scan analysis. In the association study, the frequency of the minor allele of the biallelic marker was 0.18 in the hypertensives and 0.14 in the normotensives (chi21 df=1.1, P=0.3). Allele frequencies for the multiallelic marker were also similar in each group (chi2 7 df=9.8, P=0.2). Furthermore, no genotypic differences in blood pressure were apparent. In the sib-pair study, SPLINK APM, and MAPMAKERS/SIBS did not indicate excess allele sharing. We also examined genotype as a function of age. In the younger (< 60 years) hypertensives as well as younger or older normotensives, genotype and allele frequency of the biallelic marker was similar (0.12 to 0.14). However, in hypertensives >/=60 years of age, frequency of the minor allele was 0.28 (chi2=7.4, P=0.006). Homozygotes for this allele were rare. Frequency of heterozygotes was 0.19 for normotensives but 0.39 for the older hypertensives (chi2=8.0, P=0.018) and was 0.40 for hypertensive sibs >/=60 years of age with a diastolic pressure >/=100 mm Hg. Furthermore, homozygotes for the major allele were 7 years younger than heterozygotes (P=0.05 by ANOVA). In conclusion, the present study shows (1) no evidence for a role of NOS2A in hypertension and (2) a genotypic difference in frequency of a NOS2A promoter variant in older hypertensives, seen in 2 different cohorts. A possible interpretation of the latter observation is that NOS2A genotype could affect longevity, at least in patients at high risk by having moderate to severe hypertension.
The Correlations among Reading Habit, Multiple Intelligences, and Writing Mastery of English Education Study Program Students of Sriwijaya University

The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the students’ Reading habit, multiple intelligences, and writing mastery, (2) to find out whether or not there was significant correlation among the students’ Reading habit, multiple intelligences, and writing mastery, and (3) to find out whether or not the students’ Reading habit and multiple intelligences contributed to their writing mastery. In this study, 76 undergraduate EFL students of English Education Study Program of Sriwijaya University in the academic year 2017/2018 were chosen as a samples by means of purposive sampling. This study applied correlational research design. The data were collected by using questionnaires and test, and were analyzed by using Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed that (1) most of the students (50%) were in the average level of reading habit; most of the students (15.7%) had six dominant intelligences; most of the students (57.8%) were in the good level of writing mastery; (2) reading attitude was the only habit which had a negative and significant correlation to the students’ writing mastery (r= -271, p< 0.018); reading attitude also had positive and negative and significant correlation to the students’ ideas (r= 0.367, p< 0.001) and thesis voice audience (r= -0.236, p=< 0.040); logical intelligence was the only intelligence which had negative and significant correlation to the students’ writing mastery (r= -0.238, p= 0.038); ideas was the only the aspect of writing had a positive and significant correlation to the students’ logical intelligence (r= 0.267, p= 0.020) and intrapersonal intelligence (r= 0.250, p= 0.029); (3) reading attitude became the best predictor and influenced the students’ writing mastery with 7.3% contribution (R 2 = 0.073).