Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equiaxed Solidification of Steel Nucleating on Titanium Nitride

Equiaxed solidification of steel was investigated with emphasis on the nucleation on titanium nitride (TiN). Ferritic stainless steels bearing different amounts of titanium and nitrogen were remelted using a gastungstenarc welding, and equiaxed grain formation was examined in the assolidified welds. It was found that the precipitation of TiN in the melts prior to solidification is a prerequisite for columnartoequiaxed transition (CET) to occur. The most distinct CET and the largest number density of equiaxed grains are obtained when the TiN precipitation initiates approximately 30 K above the liquidus temperature of the melt. When the TiN precipitation is at even higher temperatures, on the other hand, the CET is adversely affected even though the amount of TiN formed prior to solidification increases. This is probably due to a decrease in the number of effective TiN particles since higher precipitation temperature increases time and space for TiN particles to coarsen, ripen and float out before they reach the solidification front. Liquidtin quenching was applied during the solidification to directly observe the solidification front. Equiaxed grain formation on TiN is clearly identified in the melt within 200 to 300 mm ahead of the solidification front. The solutal undercooling ahead of the front is also a prerequisite for the equiaxed grain formation, but the number of TiN particles supplied to this region as a nucleating agent should be more dominant for CET and for higher density of equiaxed grains.
Pain Relief in Cervical Dystonia with Botulinum Toxin Treatment

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by intermittent or sustained muscle contractions that cause abnormal, usually repetitive, movements and postures. Dystonic movements can be tremulous and twisting and often follow a pattern. They are frequently associated with overflow muscle activation and may be triggered or worsened by voluntary action. Most voluntary muscles can be affected and, in the case of the neck muscles, the condition is referred to as cervical dystonia (CD), the most common form of dystonia. The high incidence of pain distinguishes CD from other focal dystonias and contributes significantly to patient disability and low quality of life. Different degrees of pain in the cervical region are reported by more than 60% of patients, and pain intensity is directly related to disease severity. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is currently considered the treatment of choice for CD and can lead to an improvement in pain and dystonic symptoms in up to 90% of patients. The results for BoNT/A and BoNT/B are similar. The complex relationship between pain and dystonia has resulted in a large number of studies and more comprehensive assessments of dystonic patients. When planning the application of BoNT, pain should be a key factor in the choice of muscles and doses. In conclusion, BoNT is highly effective in controlling pain, and its analgesic effect is sustained for a long time in most CD patients.
Flexible and Scalable Credential Structures: NetBill Implementation and Experience

In electronic commerce consumers often need to present attributes such as membership in order to benefit from specific pricing or access. A scalable, efficient mechanism for conveying attributes independently from authentication is required. In this paper we describe a system based on a combination of Public Key Kerberos for Distributed Authentication (PKDA) and attribute credentials as a means for solving meeting these requirements. This system is compared to other proposals for distributed authentication and authorization, and is shown to be superior in several respects. The system has been implemented as part of the NetBill micropayment system and has been demonstrated to work well in meeting the stated requirements.
Primary tracheal tumours: a national survey.

BACKGROUND--Primary tracheal tumours are rare, so few physicians have extensive experience of their management. No direct comparisons have been made of surgical and radiotherapy treatment. METHODS--A postal survey of cases presenting in the last 10 years in the United Kingdom was conducted. Results were expressed as cumulative survival and survival curves were compared by the log rank test. RESULTS--Three hundred and twenty one patients were recruited. Overall five year survival rates were 25% for squamous cell carcinomas, and 80% for adenoid cystic carcinoma; 62% received radiotherapy but only 10% underwent surgery. Small cell carcinoma was more common than expected with an incidence of 6%. In patients with squamous carcinoma improved survival was seen in those with tumour in the upper trachea. High dose radiotherapy was more effective than low dose only in tumours of the upper trachea and in squamous carcinoma. In adenoid cystic carcinoma no significant difference in survival rate was seen between treatment with radiotherapy and surgery. No histological diagnosis was made in 44 patients, the most common reason being fear over the safety of fibreoptic bronchoscopy; however, this group had a cumulative survival at five years of 46%. CONCLUSIONS--Survival may be somewhat better in cases with tracheal tumours than in those with bronchial tumours. Small cell carcinoma is less rare than was previously thought. Upper tracheal tumours may merit more aggressive therapy. It is important to make a histological diagnosis even if rigid bronchoscopy is necessary, and referral to specialist centres is recommended. A larger prospective study is required to compare the value of surgery and radiotherapy.
The Effects of Cattle Manure and Garlic Rotation on Soil under Continuous Cropping of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)

Continuous cropping of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) can lead to reduced yield and quality. We aimed to determine the effects of cattle manure addition and rotation with green garlic to improve yield and reduce disease incidence in watermelon and to examine the effects on the biological and chemical characteristics of the soil. Field experiments were performed during 2012–2014 on land previously under two years of continuous watermelon cropping in northwest China. We examined three treatment combinations: watermelon and garlic rotation, cattle manure application before watermelon planting, and combined cattle manure addition and crop rotation. Watermelon monoculture was retained as a control. Watermelon yield was significantly higher and disease incidence was lower in the treatments than the control. The populations of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and the bacteria/fungi ratio increased significantly and soil enzyme activities were generally enhanced under treatments. Available nutrients and soil organic matter contents were much higher under experimental treatments than the control. Results suggest both cattle manure application and garlic rotation can ameliorate the negative effects of continuous cropping. The combined treatment of cattle manure addition and green garlic rotation was optimal to increase yield, reduce disease incidence and enhance soil quality.
Effects of Physical (In)activity on Platelet Function

As platelet activation is closely related to the liberation of growth factors and inflammatory mediators, platelets play a central role in the development of CVD. Virtually all cardiovascular risk factors favor platelet hyperreactivity and, accordingly, also physical (in)activity affects platelet function. Within this paper, we will summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the impact of acute and habitual exercise on platelet function. Although there are apparent discrepancies regarding the reported effects of acute, strenuous exercise on platelet activation, a deeper analysis of the available literature reveals that the applied exercise intensity and the subjects' cardiorespiratory fitness represent critical determinants for the observed effects. Consideration of these factors leads to the summary that (i) acute, strenuous exercise can lead to platelet activation, (ii) regular physical activity and/or physical fitness diminish or prevent platelet activation in response to acute exercise, and (iii) habitual physical activity and/or physical fitness also favorably modulate platelet function at physical rest. Notably, these effects of exercise on platelet function show obvious similarities to the well-recognized relation between exercise and the risk for cardiovascular events where vigorous exercise transiently increases the risk for myocardial infarction and a physically active lifestyle dramatically reduces cardiovascular mortality.
Action Observation and Motor Imagery: Innovative Cognitive Tools in the Rehabilitation of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive impairment of motor skills with deterioration of autonomy in daily living activities. Physiotherapy is regarded as an adjuvant to pharmacological and neurosurgical treatment and may provide small and short-lasting clinical benefits in PD patients. However, the development of innovative rehabilitation approaches with greater long-term efficacy is a major unmet need. Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have been recently proposed as a promising rehabilitation tool. MI is the ability to imagine a movement without actual performance (or muscle activation). The same cortical-subcortical network active during motor execution is engaged in MI. The physiological basis of AO is represented by the activation of the “mirror neuron system. ” Both MI and AO are involved in motor learning and can induce improvements of motor performance, possibly mediated by the development of plastic changes in the motor cortex. The review of available evidences indicated that MI ability and AO feasibility are substantially preserved in PD subjects. A few preliminary studies suggested the possibility of using MI and AO as parts of rehabilitation protocols for PD patients.
Adaptive Time-Scale Feature Extraction in Electroencephalographic Responses To Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Electroencephalographic responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) gain more and more interest for basic neurophysiological research and possibly diagnostic purposes. However, the separation of magnetically from non-magnetically induced brain activity still remains a challenge due to superimposed secondary effects, in particular auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials. In this study, we use optimized tight wavelet frames for the adaptive extraction of discriminant electroencephalographic time-scale features during TMS using figure-of-eight coil for focal stimulation and a combined auditory and somatosensory stimulation (ASS) paradigm. We restrict our focus to large-scale features which correspond to slow wave cortical potentials (SCPs). These potentials might reflect thalamocortical dynamics and are frequently used in biofeedback therapies. The proposed methods allows for a robust extraction of slow wave components and separated clearly the TMS from the ASS data. It is concluded that our study strongly supports recent suggestions that TMS modulates SCPs, reinforcing the theory that TMS leads to long term changes in the cortical excitability.
The use of physiology-based PK and PD modeling in the discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist ACT-541468

Departments of Preclinical Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (A.T., R.d.K.), Preclinical Pharmacology (C.R, F.J.), Biology (J.G.), Chemistry (C.B.), Clinical Pharmacology (C.M.) and Preclinical Development (B.S., M.v.R.), Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland. Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.v.G). This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET Fast Forward. Published on June 29, 2017 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117. 241596
Mechanical complications and reconstruction strategies at the site of hip spacer implantation

Over the past two decades antibiotic-impregnated hip spacers have become a popular procedure in the treatment of hip joint infections. Besides infection persistence and/or reinfection, major complications after hip spacer implantation include spacer fracture, -dislocation, and bone fracture. Moreover, in cases with extensive loss of femoral and/or acetabular bone alternative reconstructive techniques should be used for a stable spacer fixation and prevention of fractures or dislocations. The present article reviews the different types of spacer fractures and dislocations and offers some suggestions about reconstructive techniques for management of extensive loss of femoral and/or acetabular bone at the site of hip spacer implantation.
Visceral Fat Mass Has Stronger Associations with Diabetes and Prediabetes than Other Anthropometric Obesity Indicators among Korean Adults

Purpose This study determined which obesity measurement correlates the best with diabetes and prediabetes. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 1603 subjects (611 men, 992 women; age 30–64 years) at the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, waist-hip ratio, waist-thigh ratio, and visceral fat were used as measures of obesity. Visceral fat was acquired using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The prevalences of diabetes and prediabetes were defined using the criteria in the American Diabetes Association 2015 guidelines. Results After adjusting for age and other potential confounding factors, participants with a visceral fat mass in the upper 10th percentile had a higher odds ratio (OR) for diabetes and prediabetes than the upper 10th percentile of other adiposity indices [men, OR=15.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=6.4–39.2; women, OR=6.9, 95% CI=3.5–13.7]. Visceral fat mass also had the highest area under the curve with diabetes and prediabetes in both men (0.69, 95% CI=0.64–0.73) and women (0.70, 95% CI=0.67–0.74) compared to other anthropometric measurements of obesity. Conclusion Visceral fat mass measured using DXA is an indicator of diabetes or prediabetes, due to its ability to differentiate between abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ORBITS IN THE TRUNCATED AND FORCED NONLINEAR SHR ¨ ODINGER MODEL

The truncated and forced non-linear Schr ¨ odinger (NLS) model is analyzed using a novel framework in which a hierarchy of bifurcations is constructed. Consequently, a classification of the types of instabilities which are expected to appear due to the forcing is provided; It is shown that by introducing the forcing frequency as a free parameter (it was set to one in most of the previous studies), the behavior near the plane wave solution for any periodic box length, in the relevant amplitude regime for the truncated system, may be set to one of six different types. Furthermore, three of the six types are associated with chaotic behavior and instabilities (homoclinic chaos, hyperbolic resonance and parabolic resonance). Finally, a simple statistical measure which distinguishes between the fundamentally different types of instabilities is proposed.
A low-polynomial algorithm for assembling clusters of orthologous groups from intergenomic symmetric best matches

Motivation: Identifying orthologous genes in multiple genomes is a fundamental task in comparative genomics. Construction of intergenomic symmetrical best matches (SymBets) and joining them into clusters is a popular method of ortholog definition, embodied in several software programs. Despite their wide use, the computational complexity of these programs has not been thoroughly examined. Results: In this work, we show that in the standard approach of iteration through all triangles of SymBets, the memory scales with at least the number of these triangles, O(g3) (where g = number of genomes), and construction time scales with the iteration through each pair, i.e. O(g6). We propose the EdgeSearch algorithm that iterates over edges in the SymBet graph rather than triangles of SymBets, and as a result has a worst-case complexity of only O(g3log g). Several optimizations reduce the run-time even further in realistically sparse graphs. In two real-world datasets of genomes from bacteriophages (POGs) and Mollicutes (MOGs), an implementation of the EdgeSearch algorithm runs about an order of magnitude faster than the original algorithm and scales much better with increasing number of genomes, with only minor differences in the final results, and up to 60 times faster than the popular OrthoMCL program with a 90% overlap between the identified groups of orthologs. Availability and implementation: C++ source code freely available for download at ftp.ncbi. nih.gov/pub/wolf/COGs/COGsoft/ Contact: dmk@stowers.org Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Temperature fluctuations in the intergalactic medium

ABSTRA C T The temperature of the low-density intergalactic medium (IGM) is set by the balance between adiabatic cooling resulting from the expansion of the Universe, and photoheating by the ultraviolet (UV) background. We have analysed the Lya forest of 11 high-resolution quasar spectra using wavelets, and find strong evidence of a marked jump in the temperature at the mean density, T0 ,o f 60^ 14 per cent over the redshift interval zaâ3:5; 3:1a, which we attribute to reionization of He II. The jump can be seen in all three of our spectra that straddle redshift 3.3, at a significance of > 99 per cent. Below z , 3:1, our results are consistent with a smooth cooling down of the universe, as expected when adiabatic expansion dominates over photoheating by a UV background from quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) and galaxies. We find no evidence of thermal fluctuations on scales > 5000 km s 21 larger than 50 per cent, which could be detected by our method, suggesting that the IGM follows a reasonably well-defined temperature ‐ density relation. We demonstrate that the mean wavelet amplitude kAl/ 1/T 0, and calibrate the relation with hydrodynamical simulations. We find T 0 > 1:2 £ 10 4 Ka t z > 3:6. Such high temperatures suggest that H I reionization occurred relatively recently.
Ventricular arrhythmias and electrophysiological consequences of myocardial ischemia and infarction.

The derangements of cardiac rhythm that result from occlusion of coronary arteries caught the attention of the earliest experimenters in the field. By the time of the studies of Porter in 1894, it was known that "fibrillar contractions" often were the end result of coronary occlusion and that irregularities of cardiac rhythm commonly preceded terminal ventricular fibrillation. Porter remarked that the pioneer investigator, Erichsen, in 1842, saw a "slight tremulous motion" after cessation of the regular heart beat following coronary occlusion. To Porter, disturbance of the cardiac rhythm was the salient feature of coronary occlusion. Thomas Lewis, in 1909, demonstrated the relationship of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia to coronary occlusion in experimental animals; Robinson and Hermann, in 1921, established this relationship in man. Clinicians observed a multitude of arrhythmias resulting from ischemia and infarction but the fascination of experimenters with ischemic rhythm disorders waned. During the first half of the 20th century, the attention of researchers was focused more on the effects of ischemia and infarction on the configuration of the ventricular complexes, the QRS and T waves, than on rhythm.
Meta-Model and Model Co-evolution within the 3D Software Space

Software evolution-in-the-large is a challenging issue. While most research work concentrates on the evolution of “programs”, large scale software evolution should be driven by much higher levels of abstraction. Software architecture is an example of such abstraction. The notion of co-evolution between architecture and implementation has been identified and studied recently. This paper claims that other abstraction dimensions should also be taken into account, leading to what we call the 3D software space. This conceptual framework is used to reason about evolution-in-the-large phenomena occurring in industry. The meta dimension, which constitutes the core of the MDA approach, is considered as fundamental. This paper makes the distinction between appliware and metaware and put the lights on meta-model and model co-evolution. Conversely to the MDA approach which makes the implicit assumption that meta-models are neat, stable and standardized, in this paper meta-models are considered as complex evolving software artefacts that are most often recovered from existing metaware tools rather than engineered from scratch. In fact, we identified the notion of meta-model and model co-evolution in the context of the evolution of a multimillion LOC component-based software developed by one of the largest software companies in Europe.
Anticancer Efficacy of a Difluorodiarylidenyl Piperidone (HO-3867) in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and Tumor Xenografts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer potency and mechanism of a novel difluorodiarylidenyl piperidone (H-4073) and its N-hydroxypyrroline modification (HO-3867) in human ovarian cancer. Studies were done using established human ovarian cancer cell lines (A2870, A2780cDDP, OV-4, SKOV3, PA-1, and OVCAR3) as well as in a murine xenograft tumor (A2780) model. Both compounds were comparably and significantly cytotoxic to A2780 cells. However, HO-3867 showed a preferential toxicity toward ovarian cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. HO-3867 induced G2-M cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells by modulating cell cycle regulatory molecules p53, p21, p27, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and cyclin, and promoted apoptosis by caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. It also caused an increase in the expression of functional Fas/CD95 and decreases in signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3; Tyr705) and JAK1 phosphorylation. There was a significant reduction in STAT3 downstream target protein levels including Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, survivin, and vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting that HO-3867 exposure disrupted the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, HO-3867 significantly inhibited the growth of the ovarian xenografted tumors in a dosage-dependent manner without any apparent toxicity. Western blot analysis of the xenograft tumor tissues showed that HO-3867 inhibited pSTAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727) and JAK1 and increased apoptotic markers cleaved caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase. HO-3867 exhibited significant cytotoxicity toward ovarian cancer cells by inhibition of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. The study suggested that HO-3867 may be useful as a safe and effective anticancer agent for ovarian cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(5); 1169–79. ©2010 AACR.
The influence of ventilation on moisture conditions in facades with wooden cladding

Citation for published version (APA): Hansen, E. J. D. P., & Brandt, E. (2009). The influence of ventilation on moisture conditions in facades with wooden cladding. In N. T. Bayazit, G. Manioglu, G. K. Oral, & Z. Yilmaz (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Building Physics Conference: Energy efficiency and new approaches. (1 ed., Vol. 1, pp. 347-354). Beysan Matbaacilik ve Reklamcilik, Istanbul.