Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saturation Power based Simple Energy Efficiency Maximization Schemes for MU-MISO Systems

In this paper, we investigate an energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem in multi-user multiple input single output downlink channels. The optimization problem in this system model is difficult to solve in general, since it is in non-convex fractional form. Hence, conventional algorithms have addressed the problem in an iterative manner for each channel realization, which leads to high computational complexity. To tackle this complexity issue, we propose a new simple method by utilizing the fact that the EE maximization is identical to the spectral efficiency (SE) maximization for the region of the power below a certain transmit power referred to as saturation power. In order to calculate the saturation power, we first introduce upper and lower bounds of the EE performance by adopting a maximal ratio transmission beamforming strategy. Then, we propose an efficient way to compute the saturation power for the EE maximization problem. Once we determine the saturation power corresponding to the maximum EE in advance, we can solve the EE maximization problem with SE maximization schemes with low complexity. The derived saturation power is parameterized by employing random matrix theory, which relies only on the second order channel statistics. Hence, this approach requires much lower computational complexity compared to a conventional scheme which exploits instantaneous channel state information, and provides insight on the saturation power. Numerical results validate that the proposed algorithm achieves near optimal EE performance with significantly reduced complexity.
Connectedness and its consequences: a study of relationships with the natural environment

Recent interest in people's engagement with the natural environment has resulted in a series of empirical measures and important research findings. Two studies reported here complement this literature in producing a concise measure of connectedness to the natural environment and assessing its independent predictive impact within the structure of the theory of planned behavior. In Study 1 (n = 71), new measures of connectedness and caring were constructed; in Study 2 (n = 163), the connectedness measure was shown to be an independent predictor of people's intentions to reduce personal energy consumption levels. It is suggested that the measure of connectedness may capture some identity-related and/or affective experience that impacts (independently of more cognitive predictors) upon people's motivation in this domain.
A Syncretical Model of Charismatic/Transformational Leadership

Two key problems hamper the study of charismatic/transformational leadership. First, the field lacks a generally accepted conceptual framework to guide research and practice. Second, only limited efforts have been made to operationalize key constructs. The authors report on an effort to remedy both problems here. They present a model that captures many of the major points common to existing models of charismatic/transformational leadership, that describes the development of instruments to measure attributes of the behaviors of charismatic/transformational leaders as well as key follower beliefs, and that hypothesizes the relationships between charismatic leadership behaviors, follower beliefs, and follower behavior.
Children's peer relationships and social identities: exploring cases of young children's agency and complex interdependencies from the Minority World

Childhood studies' research, particularly in the UK, has tended to highlight children's agency, with the interest in showing children as ‘independent social actors’ and as ‘beings in their own right’. Recently, childhood studies have been ‘troubling’ the notion of agency for undervaluing interdependencies. Children's peer relations, friendships and social identities form an important domain, where children's agency and complex interdependencies can be explored. This paper draws on ethnographic research in Scottish early childhood settings, to discuss how children draw upon similarities and differences between themselves – particularly in relation to age/competence, gender and ethnicity – as they negotiate friendship groupings.
Amino Acid Uptake in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants

We examined the extent to which arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi root improved the acquisition of simple organic nitrogen (ON) compounds by their host plants. In a greenhouse-based study, we used quantum dots (fluorescent nanoparticles) to assess uptake of each of the 20 proteinaceous amino acids by AM-colonized versus uncolonized plants. We found that AM colonization increased uptake of phenylalanine, lysine, asparagine, arginine, histidine, methionine, tryptophan, and cysteine; and reduced uptake of aspartic acid. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization had the greatest effect on uptake of amino acids that are relatively rare in proteins. In addition, AM fungi facilitated uptake of neutral and positively-charged amino acids more than negatively-charged amino acids. Overall, the AM fungi used in this study appeared to improve access by plants to a number of amino acids, but not necessarily those that are common or negatively-charged.
Self-categorization, status, and social influence

The domain of social influence is central to social psychology, and is claimed as a core aspect of the explanatory domain of two important theories: self-categorization theory and the theory of status characteristics and expectation states. In this paper we contrast predictions derived from each theory about the relative influence of group members who differ both on shared category membership and on status characteristics. In the first of two experiments, participants were asked to decide which of four people were most likely to know the correct answer to a task; shared group membership, relative group status, and relevant/irrelevant expertise were varied. We found both status and in-group identity effects. A second experiment provided evidence about the importance of perceptions of relative competence and similarity, as related to shared identity and status, in the influence process.
From “Rebel” to “Returnee”

In war’s aftermath, many young soldiers attempt to reintegrate and reestablish their lives. Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programs are a priority intervention for youth in postconflict countries; yet there is little evidence to suggest what aids reintegration. This research uses qualitative methodology to describe the issues salient to adolescents and young adults in daily life after returning from a rebel group in northern Uganda. It explores the process of reintegration with 23 male youth abducted by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) and draws on a representative quantitative survey of 741 abducted and nonabducted youth in the region. Participants described returning home, their reception by families and neighbors, feelings after returning, and how they negotiated the transition from being a “rebel” to a “formerly abducted child’ and a member of their family and community.
Supporting the Development of Emotional Intelligence Competencies to Ease the Transition from Primary to High School

This study aims to explore (1) whether pupils with high emotional intelligence (EI) cope better with the transition to high school; and (2) whether the introduction of an intervention programme to support the development of EI competencies can increase EI and self‐worth, and so ease the negative effects of transition. Results suggest that pupils with high/average levels of EI cope better with transition in terms of grade point average, self‐worth, school attendance and behaviour than pupils with low EI. In addition, pupils with low baseline EI scores responded positively to the intervention programme, although a negative change was noted in pupils with high baseline emotional intelligence. Results are considered in terms of implications for educational practice.
Beyond the Big Five: New Directions for Personality Research and Practice in Organizations

Industrial and organizational personality researchers and practitioners contend with ever-changing requirements of the workplace, and therefore, it is important to reevaluate and innovate with respect to useful organizational research. Much research evidence documents the importance of personality variables in determining behavior and performance in work settings, yet further advances in understanding and predicting work outcomes will depend upon more sophisticated taxonomic structures of personality, better criterion constructs and measurement, and different validation strategies. We describe the logic, strengths, and weaknesses of four taxonomic approaches to the structure of personality—the Five-Factor Model, HEXACO model, circumplex models, and nomological-web clustering—and how each limits or facilitates future developments in theory and practice. We describe how improved measurement and modeling approaches to personality, along with advances in synthetic validation efforts, will enable greater accur.
Effects of different practice task constraints on fluctuations of player heart rate in small-sided football games

This paper analyzes effects of different practice task constraints on heart rate (HR) variability during 4v4 smallsided football games. Participants were sixteen football players divided into two age groups (U13, Mean age: 12.4±0.5 yrs; U15: 14.6±0.5). The task consisted of a 4v4 sub-phase without goalkeepers, on a 25x15 m field, of 15 minutes duration with an active recovery period of 6 minutes between each condition. We recorded players’ heart rates using heart rate monitors (Polar Team System, Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland) as scoring mode was manipulated (line goal: scoring by dribbling past an extended line; double goal: scoring in either of two lateral goals; and central goal: scoring only in one goal). Subsequently, %HR reserve was calculated with the Karvonen formula. We performed a time-series analysis of HR for each individual in each condition. Mean data for intra-participant variability showed that autocorrelation function was associated with more short-range dependence processes in the “line goal” condition, compared to other conditions, demonstrating that the “line goal” constraint induced more randomness in HR response. Relative to inter-individual variability, line goal constraints demonstrated lower %CV and %RMSD (U13: 9% and 19%; U15: 10% and 19%) compared with double goal (U13: 12% and 21%; U15: 12% and 21%) and central goal (U13: 14% and 24%; U15: 13% and 24%) task constraints, respectively. Results suggested that line goal constraints imposed more randomness on cardiovascular stimulation of each individual and lower inter-individual variability than double goal and central goal constraints.
Executive function in preschoolers: Links with theory of mind and verbal ability

Fifty preschool children (mean age 3:11 years) took part in an investigation of the relations between children's executive function performance, their understanding of mind and their language skills. The study demonstrates the feasibility of testing rudimentary executive function skills among preschoolers, using an original battery of tasks. The results were consistent with those from studies of older children (e.g. Welsh, Pennington & Groisser, 1991), in that three aspects of executive function were distinguished: working memory, attentional flexibility and inhibitory control. In addition, specific links were found between executive function and theory-of-mind performance, even when age and both verbal and non-verbal ability were taken into account. In particular, children's deceptive abilities were closely related to success on tests of inhibitory control. The implications of these results for our understanding of deceit are discussed.
Comparing the Neural Basis of Decision Making in Social Dilemmas of People With Different Social Value Orientations, a fMRI Study

Using functional MRI, we investigate the neural correlates of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation to cooperate by comparing people who differ in the personality trait Social Value Orientation. Participants (n 28) played several one-shot prisoner’s dilemma games (offering weak cooperative incentives) and coordination games (offering strong cooperative incentives) with anonymous partners while they were under the scanner. Behavioral results indicate that proself individuals adjust their behavior toward more cooperation when extrinsic incentives were present, while prosocials’ decisions are not affected by game context. The neurological data is consistent with a priori developed hypotheses regarding different behavioral strategies, and suggest that extrinsically motivated proself strategies are driven by calculation and a situation-by-situation approach. Increased activation was found in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), and precuneus. Intrinsically motivated prosocials’ strategies reflect norm compliance, routine moral judgment, and social awareness. Increased activation was found in lateral orbitofrontal cortex, anterior STS, and inferior parietal lobule.
Genetic Improvement of Traits Affected by Interactions Among Individuals: Sib Selection Schemes

Livestock populations are usually kept in groups. As a consequence, social interactions among individuals affect productivity, health, and welfare. Current selection methods (individual selection), however, ignore those interactions and yield suboptimal or in some cases even negative responses. In principle, selection between groups instead of individuals offers a solution, but has rarely been adopted in practice for two reasons. First, the relationship between group selection theory and common animal breeding concepts, such as the accuracy of selection, is unclear. Second, application of group selection requires keeping selection candidates in groups, which is often undesirable in practice. This work has two objectives. First, we derive expressions for the accuracy of individual and group selection, which provides a measurement of quality for those methods. Second, we investigate the opportunity to improve traits affected by interactions by using information on relatives kept in family groups, while keeping selection candidates individually. The accuracy of selection based on relatives is shown to be an analogy of the classical expression for traits not affected by interactions. Our results show that selection based on relatives offers good opportunities for effective genetic improvement of traits affected by interactions.
Insight into behavior displayed during deception

Previous research suggests that liars are not aware that they tend to decrease their movements during deception. Moreover, it is unclear how liars will behave if someone informs them about their behavioral rigidity during deception, and to what extent several processes (tension, attempted behavioral control, and cognitive effort) are associated with deception. In the present experiment, subjects were interviewed twice. During one interview, they told the truth, and during the other interview, they lied. In the information-present condition, before both interviews, subjects were told that deception is usually associated with a decrease in movements. In the information-absent condition, no information was given. The results revealed that whereas subjects believed that they increased their movements during deception, a decrease in movements, in fact, occurred. Provision of information about deceptive behavior had no effect. The results also showed that a decrease in movements was associated with attempted control and cognitive load processes, and occurred independently from the tension experienced by deceivers.
Forgiveness therapy: A qualitative study of the forgiveness experience of people who have undergone forgiveness as a counseling intervention

The problem under investigation was a gap in the research literature resulting in insufficient insight into and understanding of the lived experience of people who have undergone forgiveness therapy as a counseling intervention. This basic interpretive qualitative study begins to deepen the insight into the forgiveness experience by presenting and interpreting the data obtained by interviewing 11 individuals over the age of 40 who have undergone counseling to try to resolve a personal conflict. The findings revealed that for each individual the forgiveness process was a difficult, complicated, non-linear journey. Although the actual experience was unique to each individual, all participants were motivated in some way to let go of unforgiveness and find freedom from the stress caused by the transgression, and all participants experienced an energy exchange as they tried to navigate a path fraught with obstacles to forgiveness. Participants reported struggling, for example, with anger, rumination, and, in some cases, adverse health responses while employing a variety of means of coping as they meandered at their own pace toward forgiveness. Counselors may wish to note that forgiveness as a therapeutic intervention seemed to aid in the forgiveness process for some people who were eventually able to shed their distress and experience forgiveness, while others had not yet been able to move on from a state of unforgiveness. Several individuals reported that going through the forgiveness process relieved them of various physical ailments. A powerful connection among unforgiveness, forgiveness, stress, coping, and physical health emerged from the findings, suggesting continuing research.
The effect of marker characteristics on the power to detect linkage disequilibrium due to single or multiple ancestral mutations

An important design issue in allelic association studies for mapping disease genes is the choice of markers. We have used a simple model of a founder population, similar to those of Ott & Rabinowitz (1997) and Chapman & Wijsman (1998), to explore the effect of the number of alleles at a marker polymorphism on the power to detect linkage disequilibrium due to single or multiple ancestral disease mutations. We show that the optimal number of alleles is more than 2 even in the case of a single ancestral disease mutation, and much higher still if multiple ancestral mutations are present. In large samples, much power is lost by using too few alleles, but relatively little power is lost by using too many alleles. These results confirm the desirability of using highly polymorphic markers or multi‐locus haplotypes for association analysis. They also show that multiple ancestral disease mutations do not necessarily preclude linkage disequilibrium mapping, if highly polymorphic markers or multi‐locus haplotypes are used.
Improving algorithm speed in PNL mixture separation and Wiener system inversion

This paper proposes a very simple method for increasing the algorithm speed for separating sources from PNL mixtures or inverting Wiener systems. The method is based on a pertinent initialization of the inverse system, whose computational cost is very low. The nonlinear part is roughly approximated by pushing the observations to be Gaussian; this method provides a surprisingly good approximation even when the basic assumption is not fully satisfied. The linear part is initialized so that outputs are decorrelated. Experiments shows the impressive speed improvement.
Assessments of Student–Teacher Relationships in Residential Treatment Center Schools

Students in residential treatment center (RTC) schools are likely to have histories of extreme or ongoing relational trauma (e.g., abuse and neglect by primary caregivers), have substantial interpersonal and relationship problems, and exhibit many high-risk behaviors. Accordingly, these students may have particular difficulty forming positive relationships with teachers, yet student–teacher relationship quality in RTC schools has not been empirically studied. This study examines links between RTC school students' assessments of their relationships with teachers and their perceptions of self and others. Participants were 113 students in 2 RTC schools from 5th to 12th grade. Results indicate that male and female RTC students' positive perceptions (of self and others) are linked to positive assessments of their relationships with teachers. However, for girls in RTC schools, negative perceptions of self are linked to less positive assessments of the teacher–student relationship. Implications are discussed.
Contemporary environmental correlates of endemic bird areas derived from meteorological satellite sensors

The present–day distribution of centres of endemism is the result of an interplay between historical biogeography and contemporary environmental conditions. The relative importance of these two factors has never been established, however, for want of information on both the distributions themselves and the continental–scale measurement of environmental variables. Recently published maps of avian endemism in Africa, and the increasing availability of continental–scale surrogates of climatic conditions derived from Earth–orbiting satellites, has allowed this problem to be addressed directly. In this paper, temporal–Fourier–processed surrogate meteorological data derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's series of polar–orbiting meteorological satellites and from the geostationary Meteosat satellites are used within a discriminant analytical framework to describe and predict areas of bird endemism in East Africa. The technique predicts endemic bird areas (EBAs) with an accuracy of 89% (mean 85%, range 70 to 89%). Contemporary environmental conditions, ultimately determined by climate, therefore appear to account for a substantial fraction of the observed variation in the distribution of EBAs. On the basis of these results, several hypotheses proposed to explain the distribution of centres of avian endemism are reviewed.
The Configuration Space Method for Kinematic Design of Mechanisms

This book presents the configuration space method for computer-aided design of mechanisms with changing part contacts. Configuration space is a complete and compact geometric representation of part motions and part interactions that supports the core mechanism design tasks of analysis, synthesis, and tolerancing. It is the first general algorithmic treatment of the kinematics of higher pairs with changing contacts. It will help designers detect and correct design flaws and unexpected kinematic behaviors, as demonstrated in the book's four case studies taken from industry. After presenting the configuration space framework and algorithms for mechanism kinematics, the authors describe algorithms for kinematic analysis, tolerancing, and synthesis based on configuration spaces. The case studies follow, illustrating the application of the configuration space method to the analysis and design of automotive, micro-mechanical, and optical mechanisms. Appendixes offer a catalog of higher-pair mechanisms and a description of HIPAIR, an open source C++ mechanical design system that implements some of the configuration space methods described in the book, including configuration space visualization and kinematic simulation. HIPAIR comes with an interactive graphical user interface and many sample mechanism input files. The Configuration Space Method for Kinematic Design of Mechanisms will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, and engineers in mechanical engineering, computer science, and robotics.