Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University Administrators, Agricultural Biotechnology, and Academic Capitalism: Defining the Public Good to Promote University–Industry Relationships

The theory of academic capitalism explains how federal, state, and university policies and people have expanded university–industry relationships (UIRs) and the commercialization of knowledge. These changes represent a profound shift in the way university research is expected to contribute to the public good. Because university administrators are responsible for creating organizational policies and infrastructures that are consistent with their organizational mission and with federal and state laws, it is critical to analyze how university administrators assess UIRs in relation to public-interest scientific research. Our in-depth interviews at six prominent land-grant universities with 59 key administrators having oversight responsibilities for agricultural biotechnology research programs and UIRs reveal how administrators justify their role in promoting UIRs. They tend to interpret their university's mission to contribute to the public good in a way that is conducive to encouraging UIRs and to commercializing research discoveries. Their rationale emerges within a context of having to justify their budgets to state governments.
Effect of ascorbic acid on forearm reactive hyperaemia in patients with hypercholesterolaemia

Background This study was designed to research the effect of hypercholesterolemia and ascorbic acid on forearm blood flow (FBF) reactive hyperaemia (RH). Reactive hyperaemia seems to be at least partly endothelium-dependent. Endothelial dysfunction has been described in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, and has been reversed with ascorbic acid administration. Method Forearm blood flow was studied with venous occlusion plethsmography in 26 healthy volunteers and 46 hypercholesterolaemic patients. Hypercholesterolaemic patients were divided into two groups. Group A comprised 25 patients, who received ascorbic acid and group B comprised 21 patients, who received placebo. All subjects underwent measurement of FBF at baseline and during RH (phase A). Forearm blood flow during RH was measured every 15 seconds for three minutes. Subsequently patients in group A received 2 g of ascorbic acid orally in the form of effervent tablets, and patients in group B received placebo orally in the same form. Forearm blood flow measurements at baseline and during RH were repeated two hours later (phase B). Results Maximal percent increase of FBF was significantly higher in healthy subjects than in hypercholesterolaemic patients (139.1 ± 12.1% versus 73.1 ± 11.0% respectively, P<0.05). Duration of RH was smaller in hypercholesterolaemic patients compared to normal subjects (60.9 ± 17.1 seconds versus 105.6 ± 10.2 seconds, P<0.05). Administration of ascorbic acid but not of placebo increased the duration of RH (69.1 ± 11.1 seconds versus 104.1 ± 12.2 seconds, P<0.05) but not of peak RH FBF. Conclusion Hypercholesterolaemia seems to impair both the early and late phase of RH. Ascorbic acid improves only the duration of RH, possibly due to its antioxidant effect on endothelium.
Incorporation of tocopherol acetate-containing particles in acrylic bone cement

Acrylic bone cement (BC) is used in orthopaedic surgery to anchor cemented prostheses to bone. Association of antioxidant molecules to BC may suppress reactive species injury which contributes to implant failure. Tocopherol acetate (ATA)-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles (ATA(PMMA)) were prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation technique and were incorporated into BC. An encapsulation efficiency of 84% (w/w) was obtained and drug release studies showed distinct ATA release profiles and mechanisms before and after particle incorporation into BC. Experimental data, analysed using first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models revealed that ATA was released from particles by a Fickian diffusion mechanism while a non-Fickian transport was observed upon particle incorporation in BC. There were no changes in the mechanical properties of BC specimens containing ATA(PMMA) particles, in contrast to what was observed when ATA was loaded directly into BC. Overall, ATA(PMMA) particles are potential carriers for the incorporation of an antioxidant drug into BC.
Marriage timing in Sri Lanka : The role of modern norms and ideas

Modernization theory argues that a shift occurs from family to individual orientation which leads to later marriages. This study argues that in Sri Lanka modern and traditional value orientation are intertwined and that social change is not a linear process of shifts from one set of traditional norms to another modern set of norms. Findings from event history analysis reveal that family organization interests and culture remain central to the issue of marriage timing among Sri Lankan women. Sri Lanka is different from other Asian countries in that cultural norms prescribe later marriages due to poor economic and political conditions. Women have enjoyed a favorable position in terms of kinship support and educational access. Sri Lanka did not experience the economic boom of countries such as Taiwan or Korea. Modern norms and ideas are measured by variables such as preferences for nuclear households economic independence of women (interest in jobs for income or for accumulating a dowry) and marriages of choice. Other ideational measures are urbanization media exposure and school attendance. Modernization is also reflected in womens occupational experience years of education and vocational training or volunteer work. Cultural factors include ethnicity religion and sibling status. Data were obtained from surveys among 1089 women aged 18-33 years in 1989 and 1992-93 life histories and focus groups from the Kalutara district. Discrete-time hazard models are used to examine the probability of entering marriage in 6-month intervals during 1989 and 1992-93. Findings show that only 42% of women were married by 1992-93. 40% of women aged 25-29 years were unmarried. About 57% were married in 1989 and 43% married during the study period. In multivariate models only the expected arrangement of marriage and school attendance consistently predicted the timing of marriage. Women with Moor backgrounds married later and were more likely to live in urban areas and have arranged marriages. Years of schooling or work experience did not have a significant effect on marriage timing after ethnic background was accounted for.
Effects of hot air and freeze drying methods on antioxidant activity, colour and some nutritional characteristics of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L) fruit

Antioxidant activity, colour and some nutritional properties of hot air and freeze-dried strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits were investigated. Additionally, the effects of two pre-treatments, namely ethyl oleate and water blanching, were compared in terms of drying characteristics. For determination of antioxidant activities in ethanol extracts, two different analytical methods were used: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching activity. As a result, the ethyl oleate pre-treatment shortened the drying time by hot air method and gave a higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (82.16 ± 0.34%), total phenolic content (7.62 ± 1.09 µg GAE/g extract), ascorbic acid content (236.93 ± 20.14 mg/100 g), besides hydromethylfurfural was not observed. Freeze-dried fruits exhibited higher ascorbic acid content (368.63 ± 17.16 mg/100 g) than those fresh fruits (231.33 ± 19.51 mg/100 g) and nearly 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl activity (93.52 ± 0.41 %) to fresh fruits (94.03 ± 1.18%). Colour characteristics, sugar content and mineral contents of fruits were significantly affected by pre-treatments and drying methods (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the drying of strawberry tree fruits should bring a valuable and attractive foodstuff to food industry due to the rich nutritional components, antioxidant activity and colour. Another conclusion from this study is that the freeze-drying is the best drying method to keep the nutritional value, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of fruits.
What is Teacher Development?

Teacher development has emerged over the last decade as an identifiable area of study and much has been written on the subject. The teacher development literature has served to disseminate information on and ideas for improving teachers' and, by extension, schools' performance. It has provided the forum for discussion about the future of the teaching profession and the nature of teaching as a job. Yet, as an area of study, teacher development tends for the most part to be dominated by issues, while the concept itself and the methods that may effect teacher development remain comparatively neglected. In the teacher development literature, for example, very few definitions of teacher development may be found. This article examines the concept of teacher development and presents the author's own interpretation and definition, as well as her views on how the development of this area of study ought to proceed.
Ueda foliation problem for complex tori

We consider an embedded general complex torus $C_n$ into a complex manifold $M_{n+d}$ with a unitary flat normal bundle $N_C$. We show the existence of (non-singular) holomorphic foliation in a neighborhood of $C$ in $M$ having $C$ as leaf under some conditions.
Better Transitions for Troops: An Application of Schlossberg's Transition Framework to Analyses of Barriers and Institutional Support Structures for Student Veterans

Scholssberg's transition theory is used to frame qualitative analysis of narratives from veterans, administrators, and student affairs professionals, examining whether and how institutions can influence veterans' transitions to higher education. Findings suggest how institutional structures assist students in developing navigational strategies, as well institutional actions and policies that pose transitional challenges.
Attachment style differences in the processing of attachment–relevant information: Primed–style effects on recall, interpersonal expectations, and affect

The present study explored processing biases resulting from manipulating the temporal accessibility of relational schemas. By priming relational schemas, relationship–specific attachment styles were activated and their biasing effect on relevant information processing (namely recall for attachment–relevant words versus other words, interpersonal expectations, and affect) was examined. It was found that participants primed with a secure–style relational schema recalled more positive attachment words than those primed with an avoidant style. Although pre–priming endorsements of interpersonal expectations were influenced by global attachment style, once primed, participants showed primed–style–congruent responses. That is, primed secures showed higher endorsement of positive and lower endorsement of negative interpersonal expectations relative to the other primed style groups. Finally, primed secures reported more positive and less negative affect than the other primed style groups. Implications for understanding the way differential attachment experiences influence close relationships through life are considered.
Subcutaneous interleukin‐2 and interferon‐&agr; plus cisplatin with and without prophylactic cimetidine in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma: a phase II study

&NA; A phase II study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of cisplatin combined with interleukin‐2 and interferon‐&agr;2b administered subcutaneously to patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM). Between April 1994 and January 1999, 87 patients with MMM and a WHO performance status of ≤ 2 were entered into the study. The first 42 patients had prophylactic cimetidine; the other 45 patients did not. An overall response rate of 27% was achieved in the 82 patients evaluable for response. The median response duration was 7.0 months (range 4.4‐29.0 months). The median survival for all patients was 10.1 months (range 0.4‐64.9+ months). Toxicity was substantial but generally manageable and usually reversed on dose reduction or temporary interruption of treatment. Two patients (2%) died of treatment‐related toxicity. No difference in response or survival was seen in the patients treated with or without cimetidine. In multivariate analysis, lactate dehydrogenase level (P < 0.001), number of metastatic sites (P = 0.014) and performance status (P = 0.035) was shown to be independent prognostic factors for survival. This high dose interleukin‐2 subcutaneous regimen resulted in a small fraction of long‐term survivors. The response and survival results were not superior to other studies using lower and less toxic interleukin‐2 doses.
Moving On or Dropping Out: Police Processing of Adult Sexual Assault Cases

Past research indicates that extralegal factors (e.g., victim age, race, and relationship to assailant) affect police investigative practices in sexual assault cases, including the decision whether to forward a case to prosecutors for further consideration. However, such studies have not distinguished the reasons why cases did or did not move on to prosecutors for criminal charges to be filed. In some instances, law enforcement officials make the decision not to send a case forward for further consideration, but sometimes cases are not referred because victims have withdrawn their participation. Understanding what factors differentiate these outcomes is important for improving the legal response to sexual assault. In this study, 266 police reports of adult sexual assault cases were collected from 3 midwestern law enforcement agencies (in the same county). Demographic, assault, and evidentiary case characteristics were examined as predictors of case referral outcomes. Results indicated that victims who were unconscious because of alcohol and/or drug use were more likely to withdraw from the investigation process, as were those who did not have a post-assault medical forensic exam. Cases in which law enforcement interviewed a suspect and cases in which police invested moderate to above average investigational effort were significantly more likely to be referred to prosecutors.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Efficiency of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy on Chronic Low Back Disorder

Study Design. Randomized, single blind, controlled trial. Objective. To determine the efficacy of 2 components of musculoskeletal physiotherapy on chronic low back disorder. Summary of Background Data. Musculoskeletal physiotherapy encompasses many treatment methods, however, manual therapy and exercises to rehabilitate spinal stabilization are the most frequently used. Despite their popularity, scant evidence supports their use on subjects with chronic low back disorder. Methods. A total of 346 subjects were randomized to manual therapy, a 10-week spinal stabilization rehabilitation program, or a minimal intervention control group. Data were collected at baseline, and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after intervention. Outcome measures recorded intensity of low back pain, disability, handicap, medication, and quality of life. There were 4 main variables combined in a primary component analysis to form a single outcome measure (i.e., a measure of dysfunction). Results. The results indicated statistically significant improvements in favor of the spinal stabilization group at the 6-month stage in pain (65.9% reduction in symptoms) and dysfunction (combined mean reduction of 134, standard error 23.84), and at the 1-year stage in medication (34.3% reduction in medication), dysfunction (combined mean reduction of 134, standard error 18.2), and disability (mean difference in change 15.71 Oswestry Disability Index, 95% confidence interval 19.3–10.01). Conclusions. As a component of musculoskeletal physiotherapy, the spinal stabilization program is more effective than manually applied therapy or an education booklet in treating chronic low back disorder over time. Both manual therapy and the spinal stabilization program are significantly effective in pain reduction in comparison to an active control. To our knowledge and up until now, this result has not been shown in patients with chronic low back disorder.
Maternal characteristics influencing birth weight and infant weight gain in the first 6 weeks post-partum: A cross-sectional study of a post-natal clinic population

Background: To investigate the relationship between certain maternal characteristic and infant birth weight and weight gain in puerperal women seen at a tertiary health centre. Materials and Methods: We measured the weight of 318, randomly selected infants after a complete physical examination at birth and at 6 weeks postnatal using standard procedures and related them to certain maternal characteristics. Results: There were 318 women and baby pairs. Maternal ages ranged from 16 to 42 years, with a mean of 25.6±1.3 years. Mean birth weight of babies was 3.10±1.89 kg; mean gestational age was 36±4.6 weeks, with 9.4% and 3.0% of babies born having low birth weight or Macrosomia respectively. Mothers from the North of the country, multiparity and systolic and/or diastolic hypertensions were factors associated with low birth weight. At 6 weeks, 27.1% of infants failed to gain weight as expected for their age. Similarly, 37.0% of infants born to mothers with some tertiary education showed slowed weight gain compared with those who had secondary (19.2%) or primary (14.7%) education, P=0.03. Maternal weight at delivery positively correlated with birth weight of the infant (r=0.357, P<0.001). However, maternal weight and blood pressure negatively correlated with infant weight gain at 6 weeks post-delivery. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that certain maternal characteristics could play a role in the birth weight and early infant weight gain, and are preventable through simple public health approaches.
Navigating hierarchically clustered networks through fisheye and full-zoom methods

Many information structures are represented as two-dimensional networks (connected graphs) of links and nodes. Because these network tend to be large and quite complex, people often perfer to view part or all of the network at varying levels of detail. Hierarchical clustering provides a framework for viewing the network at different levels of detail by superimposing a hierarchy on it. Nodes are grouped into clusters, and clusters are themselves place into other clusters. Users can then navigate these clusters until an appropiate level of detail is reached. This article describes an experiment comparing two methods for viewing hierarchically clustered networks. Traditional full-zoom techniques provide details of only the current level of the hierarchy. In contrast, fisheye views, generated by the “variable-zoom” algorithm described in this article, provide information about higher levels as well. Subjects using both viewing methods were given problem-solving tasks requiring them to navigate a network, in this case, a simulated telephone system, and to reroute links in it. Results suggest that the greater context provided by fisheye views significantly improved user performance. Users were quicker to complete their task and made fewer unnecessary navigational steps through the hierarchy. This validation of fisheye views in important for designers of interfaces to complicated monitoring systems, such as control rooms for supervisory control and data acquistion systems, where efficient human performance is often critical. However, control room operators remained concerned about the size and visibility tradeoffs between the fine room operators remained concerned about the size and visibility tradeoffs between the fine detail provided by full-zoom techniques and the global context supplied by fisheye views. Specific interface feaures are required to reconcile the differences.
Preliminary Evaluation of a Nest Usage Sensor to Detect Double Nest Occupations of Laying Hens

Conventional cage systems will be replaced by housing systems that allow hens to move freely. These systems may improve hens' welfare, but they lead to some disadvantages: disease, bone fractures, cannibalism, piling and lower egg production. New selection criteria for existing commercial strains should be identified considering individual data about laying performance and the behavior of hens. Many recording systems have been developed to collect these data. However, the management of double nest occupations remains critical for the correct egg-to-hen assignment. To limit such events, most systems adopt specific trap devices and additional mechanical components. Others, instead, only prevent these occurrences by narrowing the nest, without any detection and management. The aim of this study was to develop and test a nest usage “sensor”, based on imaging analysis, that is able to automatically detect a double nest occupation. Results showed that the developed sensor correctly identified the double nest occupation occurrences. Therefore, the imaging analysis resulted in being a useful solution that could simplify the nest construction for this type of recording system, allowing the collection of more precise and accurate data, since double nest occupations would be managed and the normal laying behavior of hens would not be discouraged by the presence of the trap devices.
Environmental Concern: Examining the Role of Place Meaning and Place Attachment

As landscapes change, it is important to understand how attachments and meanings attributed to place may affect environmental quality and social well-being. To understand and apply sociological insights to policy and management efforts it is not sufficient to simply demonstrate that individuals or groups have strong emotional connections with a particular geographical locale. Rather, it is imperative to understand the implications of attachments, and meanings related to them. We focus our attention in this area on watershed management. Quantitative data are used to conduct an analysis of the interactions between place attachment, place meanings, and environmental concerns in a high-natural-amenity watershed in New Hampshire. Results from quantitative analyses important for understanding the dynamics between place attachment, place meanings, and various dimensions environmental concerns are presented. We find a strong role for place meanings, rather than place attachment, in predicting environmental concern, as well as an independent effect of place-transcendent fundamental values.