Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Interaction between Spatial Perception and Working Memory in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe

Abstract There has been considerable debate surrounding the functions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Although this region has been traditionally thought to subserve long-term declarative memory only, recent evidence suggests a role in short-term working memory and even higher order perception. To investigate this issue, functional neuroimaging was used to investigate the involvement of the MTL in spatial scene perception and working memory. Healthy participants were scanned during a working memory task incorporating two factors of working memory (high vs. low demand) and spatial processing (complex vs. simple). It was found that an increase in spatial processing demand produced significantly greater activity in the posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex irrespective of whether working memory demand was high or low. In contrast, there was no region within the MTL that increased significantly in activity during both the complex and the simple spatial processing conditions when working memory demand was increased. There was, however, a significant interaction effect between spatial processing and working memory in the right posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex bilaterally: An increase in working memory demand produced a significant increase in activity in these areas during the complex, but not simple, spatial processing conditions. These findings suggest that although there may be a role for the MTL in both stimulus processing and working memory, increasing the latter does not necessarily increase posterior MTL involvement. We suggest that these structures may play a critical role in processing complex spatial representations, which, in turn, may form the basis of short- and long-term mnemonic processes.
Regaining Trust in Medicine

Recently, the system of medical regulation through which doctors are held to account has come under sustained criticism. A series of public inquiries have revealed incompetence, dishonesty, sexual misconduct by individual doctors and, in one case, serial killing, as well as weaknesses in systems that failed to detect deviant behaviour early and then to take action to protect patients. This article looks at the longer-term social and political changes that have brought a shift in the relationship between patients, doctors and the state and a greater concern for predictability in medical competence. It then assesses the evidence for a decline in public trust in doctors as individual practitioners and in the system of professional self-regulation. The concept of trust is discussed and, from the data available, it is suggested that members of the public continue to trust their doctor. However, data on complaints indicate an increasing propensity for people to make complaints about individual doctors and the doctors' regulatory body, the General Medical Council (GMC) has been seen by the public as self-interested. Various state-sponsored inquiries have questioned whether professional self-regulation in its present form can be sustained. The final section of the article looks at the reforms introduced by the GMC and government, and considers whether these are sufficient to restore trust. The discussions have implications for other professions as professional governance systems in the UK have been based on the medical model.
Evaluation the role of direct immunofluorescence techniques and their relevance to the diagnosis of the blistering diseases

Several studies have showed that the role of direct immunofluorescence techniques, and their relevance to the diagnosis of the blistering diseases. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State –Sudan, in the period from January 2016 to April 2016. Aim of this study to evaluate the role of direct immunofluorescence techniques and their relevance to the diagnosis of the blistering diseases. The study includes sixty two (62) skin biopsies are placed on aluminium foil, fixed in tissue freezing media and immersed in liquid nitrogen. From which 62 patients were included in this study. There were 16 (25.8 %) male and 46 (74.2%) female patients. The male to female ratio in bullous pemphigoid was 1:3.3. In pemphigus group was 1:4. In DH was 1:1.In CBC was 0:1 The age ranged from 0 -80 years. But the most common age is among the age group 31 to 40 n=18 (29%) then age group from 41 to 50 Mahmoud Abdalla Ibrahim, Elsadig A. Adam, Ismail Osman Khalid, Abdelazim Mohamed A. HigaweeEvaluation the role of direct immunofluorescence techniques and their relevance to the diagnosis of the blistering diseases EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 2 / May 2016 1587 n=14 (22.6%) and the least common is in the age group 0 to 10 n=2 (3.2%). Diagnosis of blistering diseases can often made on the basis of clinical features but in some cases it may be possible to produce only differential diagnosis. Although clinical diagnoses of all the patient show concordance with final direct immunofluorescence diagnosis in present study (P value = 0.00). When we compare the histological diagnosis with the immunofluorescence diagnosis there was no significant difference (P value = 0.00).
Metal Photocathodes Preparation for Compact Linear Accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory

The photoinjector of the CLARA FEL test facility Front End at Daresbury Laboratory is based on a S-band 10 Hz photocathode RF-gun operating with a copper photocathode which is driven by the third harmonic of a Ti:Sapphire laser (266 nm). The main aim of this study was to establish a procedure to prepare the Cu surface prior to installation so a Quantum Efficiency (QE) of 10-5 or higher can be achieved at laser power density below the ablation threshold of copper. In order to do this Cu test samples with a roughness of 10 nm were prepared using different techniques. The best results have been obtained by ex-situ chemical cleaning. This removed the surface oxide layer whilst at the same time producing a surface buffer layer. This inhibited the regrowth of native oxide for up to a week when exposed to normal ambient atmospheric conditions. With either chemical cleaning or Ar plasma cleaning after heating the sample in-situ to 150 °C for 90 minutes or 250 °C for 40 hours, almost all of the surface oxide was removed. For these surfaces a QE of 4.10-5 or better was measured. Oxygen plasma cleaning at 100% and 20% power produced CuO layer with surface carbon contaminant to 3 atomic %, however in-situ thermal cycling resulted in at best a QE of 3∙10-6.
Discontinuity of maximum entropy inference and quantum phase transitions

In this paper, we discuss the connection between two genuinely quantum phenomena—the discontinuity of quantum maximum entropy inference and quantum phase transitions at zero temperature. It is shown that the discontinuity of the maximum entropy inference of local observable measurements signals the non-local type of transitions, where local density matrices of the ground state change smoothly at the transition point. We then propose to use the quantum conditional mutual information of the ground state as an indicator to detect the discontinuity and the non-local type of quantum phase transitions in the thermodynamic limit.
Psychological features of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I related dystonia

The objective of this study was to evaluate psychological features in severely affected patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I‐ (CRPS‐I) related dystonia. Personality traits, psychopathology, dissociative experiences, the number of traumatic experiences, and quality of life were studied in 46 patients. Findings were compared with two historical psychiatric control groups [54 patients with conversion disorder (CD) and 50 patients with affective disorders (AD)] and normative population data. The CRPS‐I patients showed elevated scores on the measures for somatoform dissociation, traumatic experiences, general psychopathology, and lower scores on quality of life compared with general population data, but had significantly lower total scores on the measures for personality traits, recent life events, and general psychopathology compared with the CD and AD patients. Rates of early traumatic experiences were comparable with the CD and AD patients, and the level of somatoform dissociation was comparable to the CD patients, but was elevated in comparison to the AD patients. Early traumatic experiences were reported in 87% of the CRPS‐I patients and were found to be moderately related to somatoform dissociative experiences, indicating that early traumatic experiences might be a predisposing, although not a necessary factor for the development of CRPS‐I‐related dystonia. Although the psychological profile of the patients with CRPS‐I‐related dystonia shows some elevations, there does not seem to be a unique disturbed psychological profile on a group level. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Performance of Stereo Methods in Cluttered Scenes

This paper evaluates the performance of different stereo formulations in the context of cluttered scenes [1] with large number of binocular-monocular boundaries (i.e. occlusion boundaries). Three stereo methods employing three different constraints are considered. These are basic [2], [3](Basic), uniqueness [4] (KZ-uni), and visibility [5](KZ-vis). Scenes for the experiments are synthetically generated and some are shown to have significantly more occlusion boundaries than the Middlebury scenes. This allows evaluating the methods with different types of scenes to understand the efficacy of different constraints for cluttered scenes. The evaluation considers mislabeled pixels of different types (binocular/monocular) in different regions (on or away from occlusion boundary). We have found that for sparse scenes (fewer occlusion boundaries) all three methods have similar performance. For dense scenes the performance is dominated by pixels on the boundary. For binocular pixels Basic always does better but for monocular pixels KZ-vis has the lowest error. If binary occlusion labeling is considered then the cross-checked version of basic constraint Basic-cc performs best followed by KZ-uni.
Hydrophile-lipophile balance and cloud points of nonionic surfactants.

The comparison of the cloud points of 165 nonionic surfactants was based on their calculated hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values. The surfactants were classified according to structure and width of molecular weight distribution. Increasing length of the polyoxyethylene moiety increased the HLB and cloud points. At constant HLB, the following features were found to lower the cloud point: decreasing molecular weight, broader molecular weight distribution (probably due to the presence of fractions of such low degree of polyoxyzthylation that they were insoluble in water at all temperatures), branching or greater symmetry of the surfactant molecule, the introduction of olefinic unsaturation, replacement of the terminal hydroxyl by a methoxyl group, and replacement of an ether by an ester bond. The equations for calculating the HLB, which had been derived from emulsification experiments with only a limited number of surfactants, contain the weight-percentage of polyoxyethylene as the sole variable characterizing the surfactant. Therefore, the calculated HLB is not affected by the surfactant characteristics listed above, which largely govern the values of cloud point, CMC, and interfacial tension. Additional HLB measurements are needed to determine whether the equations used to calculate HLB fully describe the emulsifying characteristics of all nonionic surfactants, i.e., whether all experimental HLB values are really independent of the structure of the surfactant molecules.
A mega review of cultural studies : linking leadership to corporate governance

This paper take us through the history of culture research with five top researchers in the field and how their culture theories are structured and the debate that has occurred on the application of cultural dimensions. This paper takes the unique perspective of corporate boards and considerations required in the application of cultural dimensions within the boardroom. Research of board culture is only starting to occur and to be effective we need to consider the history of cultural research and how we can apply this knowledge to the board environment going forward. As we enter 2014 the search is on by both academics and practitioners on how to better understand the role of culture within our corporate boards. (original abstract)
Calling, Devotion, and Transformation: Men Embodying Spirituality at a Protestant Seminary

Men decide to attend North American seminaries because they sense a call from God and want to discern God's will, yet they report at the end of seminary that spiritual formation and worship were far less influential for them than the faculty or studying theology. Using qualitative methods, this study examines how men at one Protestant seminary lived their spirituality. Research questions are: How do men in seminary talk about spirituality? How does spirituality fit into the larger life world understood as a system of thought? How do men in seminary embody spirituality? The researcher discovered that call to ministry and school bureaucracy were influential in student life worlds. Participants engaged in spiritual practices such as chapel worship, meditation, group spiritual direction, and speaking in tongues. The embodied spirituality of study participants draws from several Christian traditions and is queer in the sense of allowing a variety of masculine performances.
The Association Between Shift Work and Health Behavior: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background Shift workers are increasing worldwide, and various negative health effects of shift work have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between shift work and health behavior. Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 11,680 Korean adults (6,061 men and 5,619 women) aged ≥20 years old who participated in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010–2012. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between shift work and health behavior after adjusting for covariates. Results In men, shift work was associated with an increased risk of inadequate sleep (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.40) compared to day work. In women, shift work was associated with an increased risk of smoking (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.22) and inadequate sleep (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.47) compared to day work. In an age-stratified subgroup analysis, female shift workers aged ≥50 years old demonstrated an increased risk of smoking (OR, 5.55; 95% CI, 3.60 to 8.55), alcohol consumption (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.53 to 3.23), and inadequate sleep (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.05) compared to female day workers. Conclusion Shift work is associated with worse health behavior, and this is most evident in women aged ≥50 years. Targeted strategies to reduce the negative health effects of shift work should be implemented, with consideration of shift workers' demographic characteristics.
The relationship between motor control and phonology in dyslexic children.

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to investigate the automaticity/cerebellar theory of dyslexia. We tested phonological skills and cerebellar function in a group of dyslexic 8-12-year-old children and their matched controls. Tests administered included the Phonological Assessment Battery, postural stability, bead threading, finger to thumb and time estimation. RESULTS Dyslexic children were found to be significantly poorer than the controls at all tasks but time estimation. About 77% of dyslexics were more than one standard deviation below controls in phonological ability, and 59% were similarly impaired in motor skills. However, at least part of the discrepancy in motor skills was due to dyslexic individuals who had additional disorders (ADHD and/or DCD). The absence of evidence for a time estimation deficit also casts doubt on the cerebellar origin of the motor deficiency. About half the dyslexic children didn't have any motor problem, and there was no evidence for a causal relationship between motor skills on the one hand and phonological and reading skills on the other. CONCLUSION This study provides partial support for the presence of motor problems in dyslexic children, but does not support the hypothesis that a cerebellar dysfunction is the cause of their phonological and reading impairment.
Critical Role of Gα12 and Gα13 for Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation In vitro and Tumor Growth In vivo

Purpose: In small cell lung cancer cells (SCLC), various autocrine stimuli lead to the parallel activation of Gq/11 and G12/13 proteins. Although the contribution of the Gq/11-phospholipase C-β cascade to mitogenic effects in SCLC cells is well established, the relevance of G12/13 signaling is still elusive. In other tumor entities, G12/13 activation promotes invasiveness without affecting cellular proliferation. Here, we investigate the role of G12/13-dependent signaling in SCLC. Experimental Design: We used small hairpin RNA–mediated targeting of Gα12, Gα13, or both in H69 and H209 cells and analyzed the effects of Gα12 and/or Gα13 knockdown on tumor cells in vitro, tumor growth in vivo, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Results: Lentiviral expression of small hairpin RNAs resulted in robust and specific Gα12 and Gα13 knockdown as well as markedly inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and bradykinin-promoted stimulation of cell growth. Analyzing the activation status of all three major MAPK families revealed nonredundant functions of Gα12 and Gα13 in SCLC and a marked p42/p44 activation upon Gα12/Gα13 knockdown. In a s.c. tumor xenograft mouse model, Gα12 or Gα13 downregulation led to decreased tumor growth due to reduced tumor cell proliferation. More importantly, Gα12/Gα13 double knockdown completely abolished H69 tumorigenicity in mice. Conclusions: Gα12 and Gα13 exert a complex pattern of nonredundant effects in SCLC, and in contrast to other tumor types, SCLC cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo critically depend on G12/13 signaling. Due to the complete abolishment of tumorgenicity in our study, RNAi-mediated double knockdown may provide a promising new avenue in SCLC treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 16(5); 1402–15
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF THE EQUITY PREMIUM

We are grateful to Kenneth Ahern, John Campbell, John Cochrane, Frank Diebold, Greg Duffee, Ian DewBecker, Adlai Fisher, Robert Hall, Soohun Kim, Ilaria Piatti, Jonathan Wright, Motohiro Yogo and seminar participants at the University of Alberta, the Wharton School, the NBER Forecasting & Empirical Methods Workshop, the SFS Cavalcade, the SoFiE Conference and the EFA Conference for helpful comments. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Recurrence Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium Study

OBJECTIVE: The recurrence risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is estimated to be between 3% and 10%, but previous research was limited by small sample sizes and biases related to ascertainment, reporting, and stoppage factors. This study used prospective methods to obtain an updated estimate of sibling recurrence risk for ASD. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study of infants at risk for ASD was conducted by a multisite international network, the Baby Siblings Research Consortium. Infants (n = 664) with an older biological sibling with ASD were followed from early in life to 36 months, when they were classified as having or not having ASD. An ASD classification required surpassing the cutoff of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and receiving a clinical diagnosis from an expert clinician. RESULTS: A total of 18.7% of the infants developed ASD. Infant gender and the presence of >1 older affected sibling were significant predictors of ASD outcome, and there was an almost threefold increase in risk for male subjects and an additional twofold increase in risk if there was >1 older affected sibling. The age of the infant at study enrollment, the gender and functioning level of the infant's older sibling, and other demographic factors did not predict ASD outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The sibling recurrence rate of ASD is higher than suggested by previous estimates. The size of the current sample and prospective nature of data collection minimized many limitations of previous studies of sibling recurrence. Clinical implications, including genetic counseling, are discussed.
SPIRAL out of convexity: sparsity-regularized algorithms for photon-limited imaging

The observations in many applications consist of counts of discrete events, such as photons hitting a detector, which cannot be effectively modeled using an additive bounded or Gaussian noise model, and instead require a Poisson noise model. As a result, accurate reconstruction of a spatially or temporally distributed phenomenon (f*) from Poisson data (y) cannot be accomplished by minimizing a conventional l2-l1 objective function. The problem addressed in this paper is the estimation of f* from y in an inverse problem setting, where (a) the number of unknowns may potentially be larger than the number of observations and (b) f* admits a sparse representation. The optimization formulation considered in this paper uses a negative Poisson log-likelihood objective function with nonnegativity constraints (since Poisson intensities are naturally nonnegative). This paper describes computational methods for solving the constrained sparse Poisson inverse problem. In particular, the proposed approach incorporates key ideas of using quadratic separable approximations to the objective function at each iteration and computationally efficient partition-based multiscale estimation methods.
Tuning across the BCS-BEC crossover in the multiband superconductor Fe1+ySexTe1−x: An angle-resolved photoemission study

A BCS-BEC crossover in a multiband superconductor has been observed experimentally using ARPES. The crossover from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductivity to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is difficult to realize in quantum materials because, unlike in ultracold atoms, one cannot tune the pairing interaction. We realize the BCS-BEC crossover in a nearly compensated semimetal, Fe1+ySexTe1−x, by tuning the Fermi energy εF via chemical doping, which permits us to systematically change Δ/εF from 0.16 to 0.50, where Δ is the superconducting (SC) gap. We use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure the Fermi energy, the SC gap, and characteristic changes in the SC state electronic dispersion as the system evolves from a BCS to a BEC regime. Our results raise important questions about the crossover in multiband superconductors, which go beyond those addressed in the context of cold atoms.