Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Candida rugosa, an Emerging Fungal Pathogen with Resistance to Azoles: Geographic and Temporal Trends from the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program

ABSTRACT Candida rugosa is a fungus that appears to be emerging as a cause of infection in some geographic regions. We utilized the extensive database of the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program to describe the geographic and temporal trends in the isolation of C. rugosa from clinical specimens and the in vitro susceptibilities of 452 isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole. C. rugosa accounted for 0.4% of 134,715 isolates of Candida, and the frequency of isolation increased from 0.03% to 0.4% over the 6.5-year study period (1997 to 2003). C. rugosa was most common in the Latin American region (2.7% versus 0.1 to 0.4%). Decreased susceptibility to fluconazole (40.5% susceptible) was observed in all geographic regions; however, isolates from Europe and North America were much more susceptible (97 to 100%) to voriconazole than those from other geographic regions (55.8 to 58.8%). C. rugosa was most often isolated from blood and urine in patients hospitalized at the Medical and Surgical inpatient services. Notably, bloodstream isolates were the least susceptible to both fluconazole and voriconazole. C. rugosa should be considered, along with the established pathogens Candida krusei and Candida glabrata, as a species of Candida with reduced susceptibility to the azole antifungal agents.
Dyadic Cross-Sectional Associations Between Negative Mood, Marital Idealization, and Relationship Quality

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate (a) dyadic associations between relationship quality (RQ) and both depressive and anxious mood (DM and AM), (b) reciprocity hypotheses of negative mood within dyadic interactions, and (c) mediational role of marital idealization between negative mood and relationship quality. Actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) were performed using data from a sample of 198 dyads. Our results showed that (a) these two facets of negative mood did not have the same weight on RQ and that they had a gender-specific effects pattern, and (b) there was no support for the mood transmission hypothesis. Men's DM displayed direct and indirect (via marital idealization) actor as well as partner effects on RQ, whereas women's DM displayed only a direct actor effect on RQ. There were no significant direct actor effects of AM on RQ, meaning that this link is fully mediated by marital idealization. However, only women's AM showed such indirect effects on RQ.
Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics the Structure of Inhomogeneous Turbulence in Variable Density Nonpremixed Flames 1

Some observations concerning the structure of turbulence associated with an exo-thermic nonpremixed reacting flow are presented. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) with a resolution of 1283 grid points and an initial Reynolds number R~ = 33 provide data for the analysis. In these simulations the density varies with temperature and the resulting flow field is inhomogeneous. Conditional probabilities of the vorticity and rate-of-strain, three-dimensional visualization, and topological characteristics are presented and compared with those of a constant density flow. Initially, thermal expansion causes significant changes in the small-scale statistics. As the development continues, the statistics reflect the competing mechanisms of vortex stretching, dilatation, and baroclinic torque. Preferential alignment of the vorticity with the eigenvector associated with either the intermediate or most extensional principal strain is observed depending on the value of the local mixture fraction. Intermittent vortex structures tend to exist as sheets or ribbons rather than tubes due to the diminishing levels of vorticity and a change in the distribution and preferential orientation of the principal strains. Topological characteristics not present in constant density flows are observed. However, as the flow develops and the divergence decreases, the topology becomes similar to those of incompressible turbulence.
Gastric secretion and chronic hyperparathyroidism.

Severe gastrointestinal symptoms arising in association with hyperparathyroidism are well known, but the pathophysiological characteristics of the symptoms are confusing. In some patients, these symptoms result from renal failure; in others, from acute or calcific pancreatitis, and in patients with acute hyperparathyroidism, inflammation and calcifications of the gastric mucosa occur. Furthermore, patients with hyperparathyroidism suffer from peptic ulcer, but the literature on the incidence of peptic ulcer in patients with this disorder is conflicting. Part of the confusion arises from the material available, the lack of reliable statistics on the frequency of ulcer disease in the general population, and the limitations imposed by diagnostic techniques. Rogers1who is generally cited as the first to report the concurrence of peptic ulcer and hyperparathyroidism, reported three such patients. Death resulted from uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism, but in two of the three patients the ulcers were healed at postmortem examination. Rogers' main concern was
Robust Sum Rate Optimization for the Downlink Multiuser MIMO Systems: Worst-Case Design

This paper considers the problem of jointly designing the precoders for the downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems where imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available at the base station (BS). The multi-antenna users are assumed to employ the linear minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) receivers. Our objective is to maximize the achievable sum rate under a total BS power constraint and provide robustness against the channel uncertainties. We apply the familiar worst-case performance optimization approach, which in our case turns to be the problem of maximizing the worst-case sum rate constrained with the total BS power. The problem is examined as follows. We first reformulate the expression for the MMSE matrix so that it is conveniently utilized for the worst-case sum rate maximization problem. Then, we solve the resulting robust design problem efficiently by employing the existing mean-square-error (MSE) uplink/downlink duality approach. Computer simulations verify the robustness of the proposed design when compared to the non-robust/naive design.
Parietal Cortex Mediates Voluntary Control of Spatial and Nonspatial Auditory Attention

The human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is widely believed to subserve visually guided spatial behavior, including the control of visual attention, eye movements, and reaching. To explore the generality of this function, we measured human brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging during spatial and nonspatial shifts of auditory attention. Both spatial and nonspatial shifts of auditory attention evoked transient activity in the medial superior parietal cortex. These results reveal that the PPC is not exclusively devoted to visuospatial behavior; similar regions within a dorsomedial subcompartment provide a domain-independent reconfiguration signal for the control of spatial and nonspatial attention in both visual and nonvisual modalities.
Effects of Synthetic Diets Enriched in Specific Nutrients on Drosophila Development, Body Fat, and Lifespan

Gene-diet interactions play a crucial but poorly understood role in susceptibility to obesity. Accordingly, the development of genetically tractable model systems to study the influence of diets in obesity-prone genetic backgrounds is a focus of current research. Here I present a modified synthetic Drosophila diet optimized for timely larval development, a stage dedicated to energy storage. Specifically increasing the levels of individual macronutrients–carbohydrate, lipid, or protein–resulted in markedly different organismal effects. A high-carbohydrate diet adversely affected the timing of development, size, early lifespan and body fat. Strikingly, quadrupling the amount of dietary lipids had none of these effects. Diets rich in protein appeared to be the most beneficial, as larvae developed faster, with no change in size, into long-lived adults. I believe this synthetic diet will significantly facilitate the study of gene-diet interactions in organismal energy balance.
Pathogenesis of the Segond fracture: anatomic and MR imaging evidence of an iliotibial tract or anterior oblique band avulsion.

PURPOSE To demonstrate the normal anatomy of the stabilizing structures of the lateral aspect of the knee and to investigate pathogenesis of the Segond fracture, with emphasis on the iliotibial tract (ITT) and anterior oblique band (AOB) of the fibular collateral ligament. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dissection of the region of the AOB, ITT, and lateral capsular ligament was performed in three cadaveric knees, with placement of gadopentetate dimeglumine-filled tubes along their course and tibial insertions. These knees, in addition to three nondissected knees, were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by using standard and specialized oblique planes. Specimen sectioning provided anatomic correlation. Retrospective review of radiographs and MR images in 17 patients with acute Segond fractures was performed, and the relationship between the fragment and the demonstrated lateral supporting structures of the knee was noted. RESULTS Anatomic dissection and MR imaging of the cadaveric knees demonstrated a broad tibial insertion of the ITT, with fibers extending posterior to the Gerdy tubercle. A firm band of tissue, the AOB, extended from the fibular collateral ligament to the midportion of the lateral tibia, the typical site of a Segond fracture. The lateral capsular ligament proved to be a mere thickening of the capsule, inserting at the lateral tibia. Clinical analysis of acute Segond fractures confirmed the frequent attachment of the ITT and AOB to the avulsed fragment. CONCLUSION Anatomic and clinical findings suggest that fibers of the ITT and AOB are important factors in the pathogenesis of the Segond fracture.
Hydrogels for Soft Machines

Hydrogels have applications in surgery and drug delivery, but are never considered alongside polymers and composites as materials for mechanical design. This is because synthetic hydrogels are in general very weak. In contrast, many biological gel composites, such as cartilage, are quite strong, and function as tough, shock‐absorbing structural solids. The recent development of strong hydrogels suggests that it may be possible to design new families of strong gels that would allow the design of soft biomimetic machines, which have not previously been possible.
Sequestration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Induces Late Restrictive Lung Disease

Rationale Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a restrictive lung disease characterized by surfactant deficiency. Decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which demonstrates important roles in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of restrictive lung diseases. Current animal models investigating VEGF in the etiology and outcomes of RDS require premature delivery, hypoxia, anatomically or temporally limited inhibition, or other supplemental interventions. Consequently, little is known about the isolated effects of chronic VEGF inhibition, started at birth, on subsequent developing lung structure and function. Objectives To determine whether inducible, mesenchyme-specific VEGF inhibition in the neonatal mouse lung results in long-term modulation of AECII and whole lung function. Methods Triple transgenic mice expressing the soluble VEGF receptor sFlt-1 specifically in the mesenchyme (Dermo-1/rtTA/sFlt-1) were generated and compared to littermate controls at 3 months to determine the impact of neonatal downregulation of mesenchymal VEGF expression on lung structure, cell composition and function. Reduced tissue VEGF bioavailability has previously been demonstrated with this model. Measurements and Main Results Triple transgenic mice demonstrated restrictive lung pathology. No differences in gross vascular development or protein levels of vascular endothelial markers was noted, but there was a significant decrease in perivascular smooth muscle and type I collagen. Mutants had decreased expression levels of surfactant protein C and hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha without a difference in number of type II pneumocytes. Conclusions These data show that mesenchyme-specific inhibition of VEGF in neonatal mice results in late restrictive disease, making this transgenic mouse a novel model for future investigations on the consequences of neonatal RDS and potential interventions.
HSV-1 Cgal+ Infection Promotes Quaking RNA Binding Protein Production and Induces Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Shuttling of Quaking I-5 Isoform in Human Hepatoma Cells*

Herpesvirus type 1 (HSV-1) based oncolytic vectors arise as a promising therapeutic alternative for neoplastic diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanisms mediating the host cell response to such treatments are not completely known. It is well established that HSV-1 infection induces functional and structural alterations in the nucleus of the host cell. In the present work, we have used gel-based and shotgun proteomic strategies to elucidate the signaling pathways impaired in the nucleus of human hepatoma cells (Huh7) upon HSV-1 Cgal+ infection. Both approaches allowed the identification of differential proteins suggesting impairment of cell functions involved in many aspects of host-virus interaction such as transcription regulation, mRNA processing, and mRNA splicing. Based on our proteomic data and additional functional studies, cellular protein quaking content (QKI) increases 4 hours postinfection (hpi), when viral immediate-early genes such as ICP4 and ICP27 could be also detected. Depletion of QKI expression by small interfering RNA results in reduction of viral immediate-early protein levels, subsequent decrease in early and late viral protein content, and a reduction in the viral yield indicating that QKI directly interferes with viral replication. In particular, HSV-1 Cgal+ induces a transient increase in quaking I-5 isoform (QKI-5) levels, in parallel with an enhancement of p27Kip1 protein content. Moreover, immunofluorescence microscopy showed an early nuclear redistribution of QKI-5, shuttling from the nucleus to the cytosol and colocalizing with nectin-1 in cell to cell contact regions at 16–24 hpi. This evidence sheds new light on mechanisms mediating hepatoma cell response to HSV-1 vectors highlighting QKI as a central molecular mediator.
Mining WordNet for a Fuzzy Sentiment: Sentiment Tag Extraction from WordNet Glosses

Many of the tasks required for semantic tagging of phrases and texts rely on a list of words annotated with some semantic features. We present a method for extracting sentiment-bearing adjectives from WordNet using the Sentiment Tag Extraction Program (STEP). We did 58 STEP runs on unique non-intersecting seed lists drawn from manually annotated list of positive and negative adjectives and evaluated the results against other manually annotated lists. The 58 runs were then collapsed into a single set of 7, 813 unique words. For each word we computed a Net Overlap Score by subtracting the total number of runs assigning this word a negative sentiment from the total of the runs that consider it positive. We demonstrate that Net Overlap Score can be used as a measure of the words degree of membership in the fuzzy category of sentiment: the core adjectives, which had the highest Net Overlap scores, were identified most accurately both by STEP and by human annotators, while the words on the periphery of the category had the lowest scores and were associated with low rates of inter-annotator agreement.
Phase Resetting of the Mammalian Circadian Clock Relies on a Rapid Shift of a Small Population of Pacemaker Neurons

The circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) contains a major pacemaker for 24 h rhythms that is synchronized to the external light-dark cycle. In response to a shift in the external cycle, neurons of the SCN resynchronize with different pace. We performed electrical activity recordings of the SCN of rats in vitro following a 6 hour delay of the light-dark cycle and observed a bimodal electrical activity pattern with a shifted and an unshifted component. The shifted component was relatively narrow as compared to the unshifted component (2.2 h and 5.7 h, respectively). Curve fitting and simulations predicted that less than 30% of the neurons contribute to the shifted component and that their phase distribution is small. This prediction was confirmed by electrophysiological recordings of neuronal subpopulations. Only 25% of the neurons exhibited an immediate shift in the phase of the electrical activity rhythms, and the phases of the shifted subpopulations appeared significantly more synchronized as compared to the phases of the unshifted subpopulations (p<0.05). We also performed electrical activity recordings of the SCN following a 9 hour advance of the light-dark cycle. The phase advances induced a large desynchrony among the neurons, but consistent with the delays, only 19% of the neurons peaked at the mid of the new light phase. The data suggest that resetting of the central circadian pacemaker to both delays and advances is brought about by an initial shift of a relatively small group of neurons that becomes highly synchronized following a shift in the external cycle. The high degree of synchronization of the shifted neurons may add to the ability of this group to reset the pacemaker. The large desynchronization observed following advances may contribute to the relative difficulty of the circadian system to respond to advanced light cycles.
Transport company safety climate—The impact on truck driver behavior and crash involvement

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study investigated the relationships between safety climate and driving behavior and crash involvement. Methods: A total of 339 company-employed truck drivers completed a questionnaire that measured their perceptions of safety climate, crash record, speed choice, and aberrant driving behaviors (errors, lapses, and violations). Results: Although there was no direct relationship between the drivers' perceptions of safety climate and crash involvement, safety climate was a significant predictor of engagement in risky driving behaviors, which were in turn predictive of crash involvement. Conclusions: This research shows that safety climate may offer an important starting point for interventions aimed at reducing risky driving behavior and thus fewer vehicle collisions.
Topography of the lumbar epidural space

Polyester resin was injected into the epidural space of fresh adult cadavers to study the shape of the lumbar epidural space and the spatial relationship between the dura mater and vertebral canal. In most of the anatomical preparations the shape of the lumbar dural sac was distinctly triangular and in some cases a dorso‐median fold of the dura was apparent. These observations support the explanation suggested by others to account for the midline translucency seen in contrast radiological examination of the lumbar epidural space. Factors which may influence the shape and dimensions of the lumbar epidural space are discussed. It is suggested that these anatomical observations may have clinical significance in the practice of lumbar epidural analgesia.
Mechanisms of increased methane production through re-circulation of magnetic biomass carriers in an experimental continuously stirred tank reactor

Magnetite particles were used in a semi-continuous process as magnetic biomass carriers to separate and re-introduce microorganisms in a CSTR reactor. In comparison to a control reactor the methane content during the semi-continuous process was elevated when magnetite particles were used. The difference was most apparent during the fermentative step directly after feeding and upon direct spiking with volatile fatty acids. Total DNA quantification of the separated magnetite particles revealed high association of microorganisms. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the associated microbial consortia indicated that the hydrogenotrophic Methanobacteriales was overrepresented at the particle surface. Thus, the increased methane production could be coupled to both the crowding and shorter interspecies distances between the groups involved in anaerobic digestion, as well as a preferential adsorption of hydrogenotrophs. By bringing the hydrogenotrophs closer to the primary fermentative bacteria and increasing their relative number the produced hydrogen during acidogenesis is more effectively utilized and more carbon dioxide is converted to methane. Furthermore, by the same cause, the rate of acetogenesis increased as the hydrogenotrophs more effectively could consume the hydrogen produced and thereby keep the hydrogen partial pressure low.
One of the most devastating late effects cancer survivors face is the development of a new cancer arising as a result of Preventing Second Cancers in Cancer Survivors

One of the most incredible success stories of modern medicine is that a cancer diagnosis is no longer a death sentence. For many, cancer is a survivable illness. Whereas essentially no one survived cancer 40 years ago, 59%–65% of adults and 70%–92% of children will survive beyond five years after a cancer diagnosis today (Davies, 2007; ries et al., 2006). An estimated 3.3% of Americans are cancer survivors (ries et al.). Despite these encouraging statistics, progress in survival has come at a cost. Being cancer-free does not mean being free from the effects of the illness and its treatment. in fact, many survivors encounter long-term changes in their health status that are absent immediately after cancer treatment but manifest later when they are considered “cured” from cancer (Oeffinger & Hudson, 2004; Tichelli & socie, 2005). recent research suggests that approximately 62% of cancer survivors have had at least one chronic health problem, 28% a severe condition, and 24% have three or more chronic health problems (Oeffinger et al., 2006). survivors with the poorest health typically are those who have had central nervous system or bone tumors and those with cognitive impairment as a result of their cancer (Pogany et al., 2006; reulen et al., 2007). One of the most devastating late effects cancer survivors face is the development of a new cancer arising as a result of Preventing Second Cancers in Cancer Survivors
Linear calibration of a rotating and zooming camera ∗

Abtract A linear self-calibration method is given for computing the calibration of a stationary but rotating camera. The internal parameters of the camera are allowed to vary from image to image, allowing for zooming (change of focal length) and possible variation of the principal point of the camera. In order for calibration to be possible some constraints must be placed on the calibration of each image. The method works under the minimal assumption of zero-skew (rectangular pixels), or the more restrictive but reasonable conditions of square pixels, known pixel aspect ratio, and known principal point. Being linear, the algorithm is extremely rapid, and avoids the convergence problems characteristic of iterative algorithms.
Economic losses due to important diseases of bovines in central India

Aim: The overall morbidity rates of mastitis, HS and surra in cattle and buffaloes were 15.5%, 7.1% and 5.3%, respectively. The mortality and case fatality due to HS was found higher in the young calves as compared to the adults in case of both buffaloes and cattle. Mortality and case fatality due to surra was greater in the adult animals as compared to the younger ones in case of both buffaloes and cattle. Total losses due to mastitis per lactation in nondescript (ND) cow, crossbred (CB) cow and buffalo were INR 868.34, INR 1, 314.10 and INR 1, 272.36, respectively. Total losses due to HS per animal in ND cows, CB cows and buffaloes were INR 2, 355.78, INR 3, 228.52 and INR 4, 262.57, respectively. Total losses due to surra per animal in ND cow, CB cow and buffalo were INR 3, 328.18, INR 6, 193 and INR 9, 872.33, respectively.