Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Cell Identity Self-Organization for Home eNodeB Deployment in LTE

Femtocells, also called home base stations, are small cellular access points installed by home users to get better indoor voice and data coverage with lower network operation cost. Considering the coexistence of eNB (macro cell) and a huge number of Home eNBs (femto cells), the assignment of Physical Cell Identity (PCI) among the different cells would be quite complex, especially in the user-deployment scenario of Home eNBs. In this paper, a solution of PCI self-organization for LTE Home eNB is proposed under the autonomous configuration framework of femto cells. By replacing time consuming and costly tasks with automatic mechanisms, operational expenditure of the widely distributed Home eNBs can be well reduced.
The Short-Term Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Electroencephalography in Children with Autism: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial

Abnormal synaptic maturation and connectivity are possible etiologies of autism. Previous studies showed significantly less alpha activity in autism than normal children. Therefore, we studied the effects of anodal tDCS on peak alpha frequency (PAF) related to autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC). Twenty male children with autism were randomly assigned in a crossover design to receive a single session of both active and sham tDCS stimulation (11 mA) over F3 (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Pre- to postsession changes in a measure of cortical activity impacted by tDCS (PAF) and ATEC were compared between groups. We also examined the associations between pre- and postsession changes in the PAF and ATEC. The results show significant pre- to postsession improvements in two domains of ATEC (social and health/behavior domains) following active tDCS, relative to sham treatment. PAF also significantly increased at the stimulation site, and an increase in PAF was significantly associated with improvements in the two domains of ATEC impacted by tDCS. The findings suggest that a single session of anodal tDCS over the F3 may have clinical benefits in children with autism and that those benefits may be related to an increase in PAF.
Channel coding for increased range bistatic backscatter radio: Experimental results

This work offers concrete, low-complexity (small codeword length) channel coding for the bistatic scatter radio channel, complementing the uncoded setup of recent work. The theoretical design is experimentally validated with a commodity software-defined radio (SDR) reader; tag-to-reader ranges up to 134 meters are demonstrated with 13 dBm emitter power, while bit error rate (BER) is reduced or range is increased, on the order of 10 additional meters (or more) compared to the uncoded case, with linear encoding at the tag/sensor and simple decoding at the reader. Even though designing low-complexity channel coding schemes is a challenging problem, this work offers a concrete solution that could accelerate the adoption of scatter radio for large-scale wireless sensor networks, i.e. backscatter sensor networks.
An Investigation of School Violence and School Safety Based on Opinions of High School Students and Teachers in Ankara, Turkey.

Bu calisma Kecioren Milli Egitim Mudurlugune bagli 15 lisede 815 ogrenci ve 74 ogretmen uzerinde ‘Hamilton Fish Institute on School and Community Violence’ de gelistirilmis ve Turkce’ye uyarlanmis okullarda siddet algisi olceginin uygulanmasi ve degerlendirilmesiyle, bu sosyo-psikolojik olgunun demografik, cografi ve sosyo-psikolojik sebeplerinin irdelenmesi calismasidir.
The S-band GaN-based high power amplifier and rectenna for space energy transfer applications

Gallium nitride (GaN) is one of the most significant elements to achieve effective use of energy in space not only for communications but also for power transmissions. This is because that GaN has the features such as high efficiency, high breakdown voltage, and harsh environment robustness and it is expected to fit the requirements for space use. Using GaN, the flexibilities for future missions in terms of size, weight, and power consumption etc. will be improved significantly. In this research, as a high power and high efficiency device, use of a GaN device was tried in a high power FET amplifier and in a single shunt rectifier diode. Circuits operating at S-band were designed, produced, and evaluated experimentally with the DC-RF conversion of 63.3% in the power amplifier and with the RF-DC one of 35.5% in the rectifier diode. A wireless power transmission (WPT) experiment using HPA and rectenna was conducted. As a result, it was confirmed that a battery could be charged up to 133.7 Ws in about 1500 s (25 min) by the DC power generated by the rectifier, where the EIRP was 57.2 dBm, the rectifier input power was 32.5 dBm, and the distance between a power transmitter and the receiver was 1.2 m.
Diversity in the signals required for nuclear accumulation of U snRNPs and variety in the pathways of nuclear transport

The requirements for nuclear targeting of a number of U snRNAs have been studied by analyzing the behavior of in vitro-generated transcripts after microinjection into the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes. Like the previously studied U1 snRNA, U2 snRNA is excluded from the nucleus when it does not have the 2,2,7mGpppN cap structure typical of the RNA polymerase II (pol II)-transcribed U snRNAs. Surprisingly, two other pol II-transcribed U snRNAs, U4 and U5, have a much less stringent requirement for the trimethyl cap structure. The gamma- monomethyl triphosphate cap structure of the RNA polymerase III- transcribed U6 snRNA, on the other hand, is shown not to play a role in nuclear targeting. Wheat germ agglutinin, which is known to prevent the import of many proteins into the nucleus, inhibits nuclear uptake of U6, but not of U1 or U5 snRNAs. Conversely, a 2,2,7mGpppG dinucleotide analogue of the trimethyl cap structure inhibits transport of the pol II U snRNAs, but does not detectably affect the transport of either U6 snRNA or a karyophilic protein. From these results it can be deduced that U6 enters the nucleus by a pathway similar or identical to that used by karyophilic proteins. The composite nuclear localization signals of the trimethyl cap-containing U snRNPs, however, do not function in the same way as previously defined nuclear targeting signals.
Comparative Advantage and Long-Run Growth

We construct a dynamic, two-country model of trade and growth in which endogenous technological progress results from the profit-maximizing behavior of entrepreneurs. We study the role that the external trading environment and that trade and industrial policies play in the determination of long-run growth rates. We find that cross-country differences in efficiency at R&D versus manufacturing (i.e. comparative advantage) bear importantly on the growth effects of economic structure and commercial policies. Our analysis allows for both natural and acquired comparative advantage, and we discuss the primitive determinants of the latter.
Magnetic Fields in Star-forming Molecular Clouds. II. The Depolarization Effect in the OMC-3 Filament of Orion A

Polarized 850 μm thermal emission data of the region OMC-3 in the Orion A molecular cloud are presented. These data, taken in 1998 with the SCUBA polarimeter mounted on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, have been rereduced using improved software. The polarization pattern is not suggestive of a uniform field structure local to OMC-3, nor does the orientation of the vectors align with existing polarimetry maps of the OMC-1 core 20' to the south. The depolarization toward high-intensity regions cannot be explained by uniform field geometry except in the presence of changing grain structure, which is most likely to occur in regions of high density or temperature (i.e., the embedded cores). The depolarization in fact occurs along the length of the filamentary structure of OMC-3 and is not limited to the vicinity of the bright cores. Such a polarization pattern is predicted by helical field models for filamentary clouds. Along ~75% of the filament's length, the polarization vectors correlate strongly with the filament axis, a signature of a toroidally dominated helical magnetic field; however, near the southern cores, the vectors are offset in direction by 90° from the gas structure of the integral-shaped filament, as traced by dust. We present three scenarios to explain the observed polarization pattern of OMC-3 in terms of a helical field geometry. A helical field that is toroidally dominated in the north and poloidally dominated in the south could wrap the filament. A crisscrossing of two filamentary structures could produce the observed offset in polarization vectors, or the filament could be bent into the plane of the sky. Qualitative models incorporating a helical field geometry are presented for each of the latter two cases.
Image versus Sound: A Comparison of Formal Feature Effects on Presence and Video Game Enjoyment

This study investigates the relative influence of two formal features of video games—image quality and sound quality—on presence and enjoyment. A 2 x 2 between subjects experiment was conducted manipulating image quality (high definition vs. standard definition) and sound quality (Dolby 5.1 surround sound vs. Dolby stereo). Results indicated that, while image quality had no effect on outcomes, sound quality almost universally impacted outcomes of interest, including several dimensions of presence and enjoyment. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Chapter 1: Molecular Signaling in Memory 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Synaptic Plasticity and Memory

An organism's abilities to encode, store and retain information are collectively referred to as memory. Later, these memories can be recalled to modify the organism's subsequent behavior. Some memories last for seconds to minutes, called short term memory whereas others remain for days to years, called long term memory. How are memories stored in the brain? What molecular processes result in short-term and long-term memory? The involvement of a number of molecular processes has been proposed, including modifications in pre-existing proteins and synthesis of new proteins. Evidence suggests that neuronal RNA and protein synthesis plays a pronounced role in various forms of long term memory (Malenka & Nicoll, 1999). The core of this thesis addresses the molecular mechanisms involved in transcription and translation, which are believed to underlie long-term memory. I have divided this study into three steps: protein synthesis, mRNA synthesis and transport of mRNA and protein to the desired synapse. In this thesis, I explore a few key regulatory pathways leading to mRNA and protein synthesis in the dendrites and the nucleus of hippocampal neurons. I have built a detailed biochemical model of these pathways, which accounts for the temporal processes involved in mRNA transcription and translation. In 1949 Donald Hebb proposed that memories are stored in the brain as stronger connections between neurons. These junctions between neurons are called synapses. These synapses are specialized for communication and form a network to process
New algorithms for tensor decomposition based on a reduced functional

SUMMARY We study the least-squares functional of the canonical polyadic tensor decomposition for third order tensors by eliminating one factor matrix, which leads to a reduced functional. An analysis of the reduced functional leads to several equivalent optimization problem, like a Rayleigh quotient or a projection. These formulations are the basis of several new algorithms: the Centroid Projection method for efﬁcient computation of suboptimal solutions and ﬁxed-point iteration methods for approximating the best rank-1 and the best rank-R decompositions under certain nondegeneracy conditions. Copyright c (cid:13) 0000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Calar Alto Deep Imaging Survey: K-band Galaxy number counts

We present K-band number counts for the faint galaxies in the Calar Alto Deep Imaging Survey (CADIS). We covered 4 CADIS fields, a total area of 0.2 deg^2, in the broad band filters B, R and K. We detect about 4000 galaxies in the K-band images, with a completeness limit of K = 19.75 mag, and derive the K-band galaxy number counts in the range of 14.25 18 mag. We also find that most of the K = 18 – 20 mag galaxies have a B - K color bluer than the prediction of a no-evolution model for an L⋆ Sbc galaxy, implying either significant evolution, even for massive galaxies, or the existence of an extra population of small galaxies.
Employment Risk and Performance

This paper examines the relationship between employment risk and performance. To induce exogenous variation in employment risk, I randomize outside options for job seekers undergoing a real recruitment process. I do this by assigning job seekers a 0, 1, 5, 50, 75 or 100 percent chance of real alternative employment of the same duration and wage as the jobs for which they are applying. I find that performance is highest and effort is lowest among those assigned the lowest employment risk (a guaranteed alternative job), and performance is lowest and effort highest among those facing the highest employment risk (those without any job guarantee). Moreover, I find a non-linear relationship between employment risk and performance. My findings are consistent with a framework in which performance is increasing in effort and inverse u-shaped in stress tying together insights from economics and psychology. The results are not driven by gift-exchange, stereotype threat or the nutritional efficiency wage hypothesis. The performance improvements have significant welfare implications. In this study, job seekers assigned a high probability of an outside option were twice as likely to be hired in the standard job recruitment process compared to those assigned a low probability of receiving an outside option. More broadly, these results suggest that stress-induced performance reductions are a potential mechanism through which exposure to high employment risk can sustain poverty and unemployment. 1 Department of Economics and Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan, 112 Lorch Hall, 611 Tappan St. Ann Arbor MI, 48109-1220, USA. Email: susgod@umich.edu. This project was supported with research grants from the Rackham Graduate School and the African Studies Center at the University of Michigan. I gratefully acknowledge use of the services and facilities of the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan, funded by NICHD Center Grant R24 HD041028. I acknowledge Ernest Mlenga and his recruitment team for their willingness to provide their recruitment data as well as enabling the integration of this research into their recruitment process. I also acknowledge Kelvin Balakasi for his field and research assistance in Malawi and Soo Ji Ha for her research assistance in Michigan. I thank Sarah Burgard, David Lam, Jeff Smith, Rebecca Thornton, Emily Beam, Jessica Goldberg, and Caroline Theoharides for valuable comments as well as seminar participants at the Michigan State University Africanist Graduate Student Conference 2011, North East Universities Development Consortium 2011, University of Cape Town, Center for Study of African Economies Conference 2012, Midwest International Economic Development Conference 2012, Informal Development Seminar and Economic Development and Transition Seminar at the University of Michigan.
Fundamental determinants of the long run real exchange rate: The case of Norway

Modelling the Norwegian exchange rate against a basket of currencies, we find a robust long-term link between the real exchange rate and real interest differential that is consistent with purchasing power parity (PPP) and uncovered interest parity (UIP). However, PPP alone is rejected. These findings are confirmed focusing on the Norwegian bilateral exchange rate with Germany and (possibly) Sweden, but rejected against the UK and the US. We argue that rejection of bilateral relationships may result from idiosyncratic shocks in the different countries that may be negligible when modelling against a basket of currencies.
TRADE THROUGH FDI: investing in services

The type of relationship between different modes of trading services across international borders is of great interest, not only for the academic literature but also for the formulation trade liberalization offers under the GATS. Even more than for trade in goods, it is thus important to know whether cross-border trade and trade through commercial presence abroad act as complements or substitutes in services. The most commonly used analytical tool in the empirical analysis of this question is the gravity model of trade. This paper offers a consistent theoretical foundation for the application of the gravity model to services and to commercial presence, using a composite demand model with offers testable hypothesis about the complementary or substitutive relationship between different modes of supply. It further links the results to policy variables like market regulations which may act directly or implicitly as barriers to trade. Our empirical test for the sample of OECD countries over the decade 1994- 2004 yields robust complementary effects in the short-run, which is reinforced in the long-run by an increased potential for cross-border imports based on previous FDI inflows. A detailed analysis by individual service sectors highlights business, communication and financial services as showing the largest potential for cross-border trade when market regulations are reduced and when commercial presence increases.
Vildagliptin: the evidence for its place in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is increasing in prevalence worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, mainly due to the development of complications. Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a new class of oral antidiabetic agents. Aims: To evaluate the role of vildagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes. Evidence review: Clear evidence shows that vildagliptin improves glycemic control (measured by glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose levels) more than placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes, either as monotherapy or in combination with metformin. Vildagliptin is as effective as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, and slightly less effective than metformin, although better tolerated. Further glycemic control is achieved when adding vildagliptin to metformin, pioglitazone, or glimepride. There is evidence that vildagliptin improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Vildagliptin does not appear to be associated with weight gain or with a higher risk of hypoglycemia than placebo or other commonly used oral antidiabetic agents. Economic evidence is currently lacking. Place in therapy: Vildagliptin improves glycemic control with little if any weight gain or hypoglycemia in adult patients with type 2 diabetes when given alone or in combination with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylureas. Since many diabetic patients require combination therapy, the complementary mechanism of action of vildagliptin and other commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs represents an important new therapeutic option in diabetes management.
Electronic spin transitions and the seismic properties of ferrous iron‐bearing MgSiO3 post‐perovskite

The elastic constants of post‐perovskite of chemical composition Mg0.9375Fe0. 0625SiO3 and Mg0.8750Fe0. 1250SiO3 have been calculated at 0 K and 136 GPa using ab initio methods. For both compositions studied, iron remains in a high‐spin state below 180 GPa at 0 K. The effect of spin state on elastic properties is small. Logarithmic derivations of isotropic wave velocities and density with respect to ferrous iron content are similar to those predicted from pure end‐members.
Micro Data and the Macro Elasticity of Substitution

We estimate the aggregate elasticity of substitution between capital and labor in the US manufacturing sector. We show that the aggregate elasticity of substitution can be expressed as a simple function of plant level structural parameters and sufficient statistics of the distribution of plant input cost shares. We then use plant level data from the Census of Manufactures to construct a local elasticity of substitution at various levels of aggregation. Our approach does not assume the existence of a stable aggregate production function, as we build up our estimate from the cross section of plants at a point in time. Accounting for substitution within and across plants, we find that the aggregate elasticity is substantially below unity at approximately 0.7. Lastly we assess the sources of the bias of aggregate technical change from 1987 to 1997. We find that the labor augmenting character of aggregate technical change is due almost exclusively to labor augmenting productivity growth at the plant level rather than relative growth in capital intensive plants.
Bounding the Test Log-Likelihood of Generative Models

Several interesting generative learning algorithms involve a complex probability distribution over many random variables, involving intractable normalization constants or latent variable normalization. Some of them may even not have an analytic expression for the unnormalized probability function and no tractable approximation. This makes it difficult to estimate the quality of these models, once they have been trained, or to monitor their quality (e.g. for early stopping) while training. A previously proposed method is based on constructing a non-parametric density estimator of the model's probability function from samples generated by the model. We revisit this idea, propose a more efficient estimator, and prove that it provides a lower bound on the true test log-likelihood, and an unbiased estimator as the number of generated samples goes to infinity, although one that incorporates the effect of poor mixing. We further propose a biased variant of the estimator that can be used reliably with a finite number of samples for the purpose of model comparison.
Democracy paradoxes in multi-level governance: theorizing on structural fund system research

This article examines the EU structural fund system from a democratic point of view and starts theorizing on the nature of basic democracy problems. The analysis is guided by a parliamentary, a pluralistic and an élite-democratic model. None of these models seems to fit well with how the system works in practice, summarized as top-down and technocratic with important vertical co-ordination between administrative levels, which tends to marginalize the role of democratic institutions. Five types of fundamental problem are identified and analysed in terms of democracy paradoxes (multi-level, vertical, economic, horizontal, multi-demos). It is difficult to dissolve these paradoxes because they reflect existing structural fund institutions. In order to democratize, they need to be challenged, either by regulating partnerships in a more democratic way or by challenging the partnership principle with the parliamentary principle.