Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography for Corneal Diseases

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) is currently used for investigating the distribution of the corneal thickness, shape of the stromal interface after lamellar corneal surgery, association between host and corneal graft in keratoplasty, dimension of the anterior chamber, and lesions of the corneal diseases. In addition, the advances of OCT technology has enabled three-dimensional imaging, tissue imaging, cell imaging, and topographic analysis. In this review, examples of tissue imaging with 840-nm spectral-domain OCT, cell imaging with full-field OCT, and corneal topographic analysis with 1,310-nm swept-source OCT were introduced.
Serving two organizations : exploring the employment relationship of contracted employees

It is widely assumed in academic and policy circles that younger children are more influenced by advertising than are older children. By reviewing empirical findings in relation to advertising and children's food choice, it is argued that this assumption is unwarranted. The findings do not suggest that young children are more affected by advertising than are teenagers, even though the latter are more media literate. This article critically examines the theoretical gap in the literature regarding the relationship between advertising literacy and advertising effects. By applying a dual process model of cognitive persuasion, it is shown that the evidence is more consistent with the argument that different processes of persuasion are effective at different ages, precisely because literacy levels vary with age. Recommendations for future research on the effects of advertising on children, together with the implications for policies of regulating advertising to young children and of media literacy interventions, are identified.
Individual‐ and Assemblage‐Level Effects of Anthropogenic Sedimentation on Snails in Lake Tanganyika

Abstract: Human impacts on aquatic biodiversity are often measured at the assemblage or community level, although it has been suggested that individual‐level measures are more sensitive. We evaluated the effects of anthropogenic sedimentation on endemic snails in Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, by comparing assemblage‐level (i.e., species richness, evenness, and abundance) and individual‐level (i.e., frequencies of predation and parasitism, fecal organic content, life history) data between sediment‐disturbed and reference sites. Previous studies have indicated that sedimentation kills snails and reduces mollusc diversity in this system, but we found little evidence of changes in species richness, evenness, or snail abundance at the levels of sedimentation recorded. In contrast, individual‐level data revealed a variety of differences associated with sedimentation. Frequencies of shell scarring by predatory crabs and castration by parasitic trematodes were significantly lower at disturbed sites, indicating shifts in interspecific interactions. Snails ingested large amounts of inorganic sediments at disturbed sites, suggesting a reduction in food quality. In addition, sedimentation was associated with a large downward shift in size distribution within some species and reproduction at smaller size. These strong patterns in individual‐level data contrast with the lack of effects at the assemblage level. We argue that incorporating individual‐level measures will often enhance the sensitivity of impact surveys and may reveal effects of disturbance on important interspecific interactions.
Lesioning a Basis Function Model of SpatialRepresentations in the Parietal Cortex : Comparison withHemineglectAlexandre

In a recently developed theory of spatial representations, the position of an object is encoded not in a particular frame of reference, as in previous models, but rather a population of neurons that forms a set of basis functions of sensory inputs. The basis functions are consistent with the response properties of neurons in the parietal cortex and can serve as an intermediate stage in performing arbitrary nonlinear sensorimotor transformations. The e ects of lesioning the model are compared here with the behavior of human patients with lesions in the parietal cortex, which leads to a de cit known as hemineglect. Neglect is a syndrome characterized by a lack of reaction to stimuli located in the hemispace contralateral to the lesion. Our basic assumption is that unilateral parietal lesions lead to a neuronal gradient in the basis function maps. As a consequence, the saliency of sensory stimuli increases monotonically and smoothly when the stimuli are moved in the ipsilesional sensory space and/or when the body, or part thereof, are moved toward the ispilesional side. Such a lesion in the model replicated four important aspects of hemineglect: i) The model behaved like parietal patients in line cancellation and line bisection experiments; ii) the de cit a ected multiple frames of reference simultaneously; iii) the de cit could be object{centered; and iv) the model exhibited neglect without optic ataxia. These results strongly support the basis function hypothesis for spatial representations in humans and provides a computational theory of hemineglect at the single-cell level. 2
Holistic Processing of Faces: Learning Effects with Mooney Faces

The specialness of faces is seen in the face inversion effect, which disrupts the configural, but not the analytic, processing of faces. Mooney faces, which are processed holistically, allowed us to determine the contribution of holistic processing to the face inversion effect. As inverted Mooney faces are difficult to recognize as faces, we also included an intermediary training period for Mooney face recognition for half of the subjects. Early face-sensitive ERPs (N170 and P1) and P2 were measured. Behavioral data showed an increase in correct responses to inverted and upright Mooney faces after the learning phase for the experimental group. No effects were seen on P1. N170 latency did not vary with stimulus type before the intermediary phase, however, N170 amplitude was consistently larger for upright than inverted Mooney faces. After the intermediary exercise, N170 was delayed for inverted compared to upright Mooney faces. In contrast, for both groups of subjects P2 amplitude was larger for nonface stimuli, and P2 amplitude decreased after the intermediate task only for the subjects trained to recognize Mooney faces. As the usual inversion effect seen with photographic faces (delayed and larger N170) was not seen with Mooney faces, these data suggest that this effect on N170 is due to the recruitment of analytic processing. P2 reflected learning and a deeper processing of the stimuli that were not identifiable as faces.
Student engagement research: thinking beyond the mainstream

Student engagement is highly visible in higher education research about learning and teaching, but lacks a single meaning. It can be conceived narrowly as a set of student and institutional behaviours in a classroom or holistically and critically as a social–cultural ecosystem in which engagement is the glue linking classroom, personal background and the wider community as essential contributors to learning. The narrow view is characterized as a mainstream view of student engagement, and the holistic and critical view as thinking beyond this mainstream. The article first discusses the mainstream view. Here, engagement is seen as a generic indicator of quality learning and teaching and successful student outcomes. Second, it critiques this view, arguing that it is too narrow and should embrace the more holistic vision. Third, the article discusses a holistic view of student engagement. Foremost, it advocates active student participation in classroom and curriculum management, wider community development through critical active citizenship and personal and social well-being.
Microsatellite DNA analyses of a highly disjunct New Zealand tree reveal strong differentiation and imply a formerly more continuous distribution

Although New Zealand is a biodiversity hotspot, there has been little genetic investigation of why so many of its threatened and uncommon plants have naturally disjunct distributions. We investigated the small tree Pseudopanax ferox (Araliaceae), which has a widespread but highly disjunct lowland distribution within New Zealand. Genotyping of nuclear microsatellites and a chloroplast locus revealed pronounced genetic differentiation and four principal genetic clusters. Our results indicate that the disjunct distribution is a product of vicariance rather than long‐distance dispersal. This highlights the need to preserve multiple populations when disjunct distributions are the result of vicariance, rather than focusing conservation efforts on a core area, in order to retain as much as possible of a species’ evolutionary legacy and potential. Additionally, based on our genetic findings and the ecology of P. ferox, we hypothesize that it was more continuously distributed during the drier (but not maximally colder) interstadials of glacial periods and/or on the fertile soils available immediately postglacial. We further hypothesize that P. ferox belongs to a suite of species of drought‐prone and/or fertile habitats whose distributions are actually restricted during warmer and wetter interglacial periods, despite being principally of the lowlands. Our genetic data for P. ferox are also the first consistent with the survival during the Last Glacial Maxima of a lowland tree at high latitudes in the south‐eastern South Island.
Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorder in a USA national sample

Background. Epidemiological studies have found lower than expected prevalence of psychiatric disorders among disadvantaged race-ethnic minority groups in the USA. Recent research shows that this is due entirely to reduced lifetime risk of disorders, as opposed to persistence. Specification of race-ethnic differences with respect to clinical and social characteristics can help identify the protective factors that lead to lower lifetime risk among disadvantaged minority groups. Method. Data on 5424 Hispanics, non-Hispanic Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites came from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative survey conducted with the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Race-ethnic differences in risk of disorders were compared across specific diagnoses, ages of onset, cohorts and levels of education. Results. Both minority groups had lower risk for common internalizing disorders: depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia. In addition, Hispanics had lower risk for dysthymia, oppositional-defiant disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; non-Hispanic Blacks had lower risk for panic disorder, substance use disorders and early-onset impulse control disorders. Lower risk among Hispanics, relative to non-Hispanic Whites, was found only among the younger cohort (age [les ]43 years). Lower risk among minorities was more pronounced at lower levels of education. Conclusion. The pattern of race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorders suggests the presence of protective factors that originate in childhood and have generalized effects on internalizing disorders. For Hispanics, but not for non-Hispanic Blacks, the influence of these protective factors has emerged only recently.
Priming and the Obama Effect on Public Evaluations of the United States

This article investigates the psychological basis for the dramatic improvement in the Canadian public's evaluations of the United States following President Obama's inauguration. It attributes this change to a media priming effect triggered by Obama's increased visibility in Canadian news coverage of the United States in 2008 and 2009. A survey experiment conducted on a sample of undergraduate students at a Canadian university is used to illustrate this priming effect. Mentioning President Obama in an unrelated question leads participants to evaluate the United States more positively than in a control group. This assimilation effect is particularly strong when compared to a condition in which former President Bush is mentioned instead of President Obama. The results also show that the Obama priming effect is moderated by political awareness such that individuals with intermediate levels of awareness are most sensitive to the Obama prime.
The Stages of Age: Performing Age in Contemporary American Culture

In a time when aging and old age are often equated with rigidity, decline, and invisibility, the very act of acting, of taking on a new role, can help shift cultural understandings of later life. In this book, playwright and scholar Anne Davis Basting explores both aging actors and aging as acting in a cross-section of American theatrical representations that hope to catalyze shifts in our understanding of age. The first study of its kind, "The Stages of Age" argues that aging is a vital element of identity and difference.The author explores in rigorously self-conscious fashion eight performances that interrupt, transform, and underscore stereotypes of later age. Whether invoking the Geritol Frolics of Brainerd, Minnesota, The Grandparents Living Theatre of Columbus, Ohio, Carol Channing's smash revival of "Hello, Dolly! ," or her own work with Alzheimer's patients, Basting describes the dynamic processes and interchanges that constitute the aging process as well as the theatrical representations that capture that process. Fluently exploring the intersections of performance theory and sociological method while maintaining a clear focus on the actors and producers of senior theater, "The Stages of Age" introduces a long overlooked aspect of cultural identity and performance method. "A valuable addition to the literature on performance; I know of no other text that deals with aging as a category of identity and difference in the context of performance. Basting does an excellent job of positioning the performances she discusses relative to cultural configurations of aging and theories of performativity. " --Philip Auslander, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAnne Davis Basting is Assistant Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh.
Massive MIMO With Optimal Power and Training Duration Allocation

We consider the uplink of multicell multiple-input-multiple-output systems, where the base stations (BSs), which are equipped with massive arrays, simultaneously serve several terminals in the same frequency band. We assume that the BS estimates the channel from uplink training and then uses the maximum ratio combining technique to detect the signals transmitted from all terminals in its own cell. We propose an optimal resource allocation scheme that jointly selects the training duration, the training signal power, and the data signal power in order to maximize the sum spectral efficiency for a given total energy budget spent in a coherence interval. Numerical results verify the benefits of the optimal resource allocation scheme. Furthermore, we show that more training signal power should be used at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and vice versa at high SNRs. Interestingly, for the entire SNR regime, the optimal training duration is equal to the number of terminals.
Can water cause brittle fracture failures of composite non-ceramic insulators in the absence of electric fields?

It was postulated by J. Montesinos et al. (see ibid., vol.9, p.236-43, 2002), based on experimental evidence, that brittle fracture failures of composite (non-ceramic) HV insulators could be caused by water and mechanical stresses. It was also claimed therein that the brittle fracture process was more likely to happen with water than acids. This postulation could be of major importance as its ramifications might affect the entire composite insulator technology and, in particular, the usage of glass fiber polymer matrix composites in HV applications. Such an important statement should not be left without an independent verification. Therefore, attempts have been made in this research to initiate this process in unidirectional E-glass/modified polyester and E-glass/vinyl ester composites, used in non-ceramic insulators, by subjecting them to water under four-point bending conditions. This was done to independently verify the main conclusion of J. Montesinos et al. that water may be more damaging to unidirectional E-glass/polymer composites than acids. It has been clearly shown in this work that water, in the absence of electrical field, cannot cause stress corrosion cracking of unidirectional E-glass/polymer composites and thus brittle fracture of composite non-ceramic insulators. Thus the main results of J. Montesinos et al. could not be independently reproduced.
Iohexol Compared with Metrizoate in Urography

Urography was performed in 20 patients using the new non-ionic contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque) and in 22 patients using the conventional ionic medium metrizoate (Isopaque) in a randomized, double blind comparison. Iohexol caused significantly less subjective reactions and less tachycardia than metrizoate. No significant difference between the contrast media was observed regarding the influence on blood pressure, hematologic parameters, or clinical chemical parameters in blood and urine. Urographic films of similar and high quality were obtained with both contrast media.
The anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent 3'-fluorothymidine induces DNA damage and apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells

Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus experienced severe hematopoietic toxicity after treatment with the deoxynucleoside analog 3'-fluorothymidine (FLT). Using several methods for the analysis of genome integrity, including histochemical staining of the 3' ends of DNA and both conventional and pulsed-field agarose gel electrophoresis, we demonstrated that FLT caused extensive DNA fragmentation in CEM cells that was not observed when these cells were treated with other, less toxic thymidine analogs. In addition, a distinctive pattern of small DNA fragments that is characteristic of cells in the process of programmed cell death was observed in the genomic DNA of CEM cells treated with FLT. We conclude that FLT induces DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in a human cell line of hematopoietic origin, and we offer this observation as a possible explanation for the severe toxicity of FLT observed in vivo.
Pelvic inflammatory disease with Tc‐99m Ciprofloxacin imaging

The clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is inexact. There are multiple potential symptoms and signs ascribable to PID as predicted by areas of inflammatory involvement. No symptoms or signs are pathognomonic for PID. The authors describe single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of technetium‐99m (99mTc) ciprofloxacin imaging of patients with PID that showed foci of significantly increased uptake in the regions corresponding to the areas of clinical symptoms. We report two such cases of PID. We undertook physical exams, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein, Gram stains, wet smears, cultures, Mycoplasma genetic studies, Chlamydia cultures, and SPECT before treatment. During treatment we took laparoscopies, hysteroscopies, biopsies, and cultures. After the treatment, we repeated the same exams. 99mTc ciprofloxacin imaging is considered valuable in persons with symptoms of PID in whom diagnosis is difficult.
Automated detection and annotation of term definitions in German text corpora

We describe an approach to automatically detect and annotate definitions for technical terms in German text corpora. This approach focuses on verbs that typically appear in definitions (= definitor verbs). We specify search patterns based on the valency frames of these definitor verbs and use them (1) to detect and delimit text segments containing definitions and (2) to annotate their main functional components: the definiendum (the term that is defined) and the definiens (meaning postulates for this term). On the basis of these annotations we aim at automatically extracting WordNet-style semantic relations that hold between the head nouns of the definiendum and the head nouns of the definiens. In this paper, we will describe our annotation scheme for definitions and report on two studies: (1) a pilot study that evaluates our definition extraction approach using a German corpus with manually annotated definitions as a gold standard. (2) A feasibility study that evaluates the possibility to extract hypernym, hyponym and holonym relations from these annotated definitions.
Simulations of dust-trapping vortices in protoplanetary discs

Local three-dimensional shearing box simulations of the compressible coupled dust-gas equations are used in the fluid approximation to study the evolution of different initial vortex configurations in a protoplanetary disc and their dust-trapping capabilities. The initial conditions for the gas are derived from an analytic solution to the compressible Euler equation and the continuity equation. The solution is valid if there is a vacuum outside the vortex. In the simulations the vortex is either embedded in a hot corona, or it is extended in a cylindrical fashion in the vertical direction. Both configurations are found to survive for at least one orbit and lead to accumulation of dust inside the vortex. This confirms earlier findings that dust accumulates in anticyclonic vortices, indicating that this is a viable mechanism for planetesimal formation.
Changes in Gene Expression Profile in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue during Significant Weight Loss

Objective: To analyze the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ1 and 2 (PPARγ1 and 2), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), and leptin in adipose tissue (AT) of obese women during weight loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to compare these levels with those obtained in AT of nonobese subjects. Methods: Gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR prior to surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after RYGB. Results: All obese patients lost weight, reaching a mean BMI of 29.3 ± 1.0 kg/m2 at 1 year after surgery (–33.9 ± 1.5% of their initial body weight). In obese subjects leptin and 11βHSD1 were over-expressed, whereas PPARγ1 was expressed at lower levels compared to controls. After surgery, leptin and 11βHSD1 gene expression decreased, whereas PPARγ1 expression increased. At 12 months after RYGB, these 3 genes had reached levels similar to the controls. In contrast, PPARγ2 gene expression was not different between groups and types of tissue and remained unchanged during weight loss. We found a positive correlation between BMI and levels of gene expression of leptin and 11βHSD1. Conclusion: Gene expression of leptin, PPARγ1, and 11βHSD1 in AT is modified in human obesity. This default is completely corrected by RYGB.
Elastic constants of YCa4O(BO3)3 and NdCa4O(BO3)3 single crystals by the pulse-echo ultrasonic method

Using the pulse-echo ultrasonic method, the velocities of the longitudinal and the shear bulk acoustic waves propagating in four crystallographic directions of YCa<sub>4</sub>O(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and NdCa<sub>4</sub>O(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> monoclinic single crystals were measured at room temperature and nine elastic constants were obtained. Some elastic constants important for possible acoustic applications have been investigated also at temperatures up to 900°C.