Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A framework for opinion question answering

Question answering is a useful task to help people seek the knowledge of what they want to know. Previous study mainly focuses on factoid question answering, which serves the needs to answer factual questions. Due to rapidly increasing scale of user generated contents on the Web, people are more interested in opinion questions that can reflect others' opinions. In this paper, we propose a framework for opinion question answering by combining opinion mining with traditional question answering methods. Besides, we use question-answer opinion patterns to extract and rank candidate answers from text snippets. Experimental results on TREC Blog08 dataset reveal the potential of our framework.
A Black Swan in the Money Market

At the center of the financial market crisis of 2007-2008 was a highly unusual jump in spreads between the overnight inter-bank lending rate and term London inter-bank offer rates (Libor). Because many private loans are linked to Libor rates, the sharp increase in these spreads raised the cost of borrowing and interfered with monetary policy. The widening spreads became a major focus of the Federal Reserve, which took several actions -- including the introduction of a new term auction facility (TAF) --- to reduce them. This paper documents these developments and, using a no-arbitrage model of the term structure, tests various explanations, including increased risk and greater liquidity demands, while controlling for expectations of future interest rates. We show that increased counterparty risk between banks contributed to the rise in spreads and find no empirical evidence that the TAF has reduced spreads. The results have implications for monetary policy and financial economics.
Combined Characterization of the Time Response of Impression Materials via Traditional and FTIR Measurements

We investigated the temporal response of four dental impression materials, namely three siloxanes (Imprint 4, Flexitime, Aquasil) and one polyether (Impregum). The null hypothesis was that the nominal working times are confirmed by instrumental laboratory tests. We also aimed to identify alternative techniques with strong physical-chemical background for the assessment of temporal response. Traditional characterization was carried out by shark fin test device and durometer at both ambient and body temperature. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed at room temperature. From shark fin height and Shore hardness versus time the working time and the setting time of the materials were evaluated, respectively. These were in reasonable agreement with the nominal values, except for Impregum, which showed longer working time. Spectroscopy confirmed the different character of the two types of materials, and provided for Imprint 4 and Aquasil an independent evaluation of both evolution times, consistent with the results of the other techniques. Shark fin test and durometer measurements showed deviations in setting time, low sensitivity to temperature for Flexitime, and longer working time at higher temperature for Impregum. Deviations of working time appear in operating conditions from what specified by the manufacturers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy can provide insight in the correlation between material properties and their composition and structure.
On the correlation of shifted values of the Riemann zeta function

In 2007, assuming the Riemann Hypothesis (RH), Soundararajan \cite{Moment} proved that $\int_{0}^T |\zeta(1/2 + it)|^{2k} dt \ll_{k, \epsilon} T(\log T)^{k^2 + \epsilon}$ for every $k$ positive real number and every $\epsilon > 0. $ In this paper we generalized his methods to find upper bounds for shifted moments. We also obtained their lower bounds and conjectured asymptotic formulas based on Random matrix model, which is analogous to Keating and Snaith's work. These upper and lower bounds suggest that the correlation of $|\zeta(\h + it + i\alpha_1)|$ and $|\zeta(\h + it + i\alpha_2)|$ transition at $|\alpha_1 - \alpha_2| \approx \frac{1}{\log T}$. In particular these distribution appear independent when $|\alpha_1 - \alpha_2|$ is much larger than $\frac{1}{\log T}. $
A Variability Study of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in the Extremely Young Cluster IC 348

The extremely young cluster IC 348 has been monitored in the Cousins I band with a 0.6 m telescope at Wesleyan's Van Vleck Observatory. Photometry of 150 stars was obtained on 76 images taken on 27 separate nights during the period 1998 December through 1999 March. As expected, spectral characteristics largely determine the nature of a star's variability in this cluster. None of the stars with Hα in absorption were found to be variables. On the other hand, all 16 stars identified as classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) by their Hα emission equivalent widths and the majority of the 49 weak T Tauri stars (WTTSs) in the part of the cluster we monitored showed evidence of variability. Nineteen stars were found to be periodic, with periods ranging from 2.24 to 16.2 days and masses ranging from 0.35 to 1.1 M⊙. Seventeen of these are WTTSs and the other two are of unknown spectral class. The period distribution is remarkably similar to what is found in the Orion Nebula cluster for stars in the same mass range. Namely, it is bimodal with peaks at 2–3 days and 7–8 days, although there are not enough periods known to define these features significantly by the IC 348 data alone. The three fastest rotators are also the three most massive stars in the periodic sample. It is striking that none of the known CTTSs were found to be periodic even though they are more highly variable than the WTTSs in the cluster. This supports the canonical view that WTTS variability is primarily caused by the rotation of a surface with large cool spots whose pattern is often stable for many rotation periods, while CTTS variability has an additional component caused by accretion hot spots which typically come and go on shorter timescales. Stars with significant infrared excess emission in this sample do tend to be CTTSs, while the WTTSs (including periodic ones, with one possible exception) show no infrared excess and, therefore, no evidence of disks. Among the CTTSs, neither Hα emission equivalent width nor infrared excess emission shows any correlation with degree of variability.
Short Sale Constraints, Divergence of Opinion and Asset Values: Evidence from the Laboratory

The overvaluation hypothesis (Miller 1977) predicts that a) stocks are overvalued when there are short selling restrictions and that b) the overvaluation is increasing in the degree of divergence of opinion. We design an experiment that allows us to test these predictions in the laboratory. Our results support the hypothesis that prices are higher in the presence of short selling constraints. The overvaluation does not depend on the degree of divergence of opinion.
Making connections - linguistic or pragmatic?

In (1), the talking event described in the matrix clause is elaborated on in the following adjunct: the arguing about the data and the theories makes up the content of the talking referred to in the matrix clause. In (2), on the other hand, the events (or sub-events of a single complex event) described are in a causeconsequence relation, a result of the action described in the matrix clause being that the porcelain vase breaks. These two examples illustrate a central issue for the interpretation of -ing adjuncts: the relation holding between the event described in the adjunct and the event described in the matrix clause is not always the same – in fact, as we’ll see, there is quite a range of possibilities. So the question is: how is the particular relation arrived at?
Preprojective cluster variables of acyclic cluster algebras ∗

It is proved that any cluster-tilted algebra defined in the cluster category C(H) has the same representation type as the initial hereditary algebra H . For any valued quiver (Γ, Ω), an injection from the subset PI(Ω) of the cluster category C(Ω) consisting of indecomposable preprojective objects, preinjective objects and the first shifts of indecomposable projective modules to the set of cluster variables of the corresponding cluster algebra AΩ is given. The images are called preprojective cluster variables. It is proved that all preprojective cluster variables other than ui have denominators udimM in their irreducible fractions of integral polynomials, where M is the corresponding preprojective module or preinjective module. In case the valued quiver (Γ, Ω) is of finite type, the denominator theorem holds with respect to any cluster. Namely, let x = (x1, · · · , xn) be a cluster of the cluster algebra AΩ, and V the cluster tilting object in C(Ω) corresponding to x, whose endomorphism algebra is denoted by Λ. Then the denominator of any cluster variable y other than xi is xdimM , where M is the indecomposable Λ−module corresponding to y. This result is a generalization of the corresponding result in [CCS2] to non simply-laced case.
Summation in the Hippocampal CA3-CA1 Network Remains Robustly Linear Following Inhibitory Modulation and Plasticity, but Undergoes Scaling and Offset Transformations

Many theories of neural network function assume linear summation. This is in apparent conflict with several known forms of non-linearity in real neurons. Furthermore, key network properties depend on the summation parameters, which are themselves subject to modulation and plasticity in real neurons. We tested summation responses as measured by spiking activity in small groups of CA1 pyramidal neurons using permutations of inputs delivered on an electrode array. We used calcium dye recordings as a readout of the summed spiking response of cell assemblies in the network. Each group consisted of 2–10 cells, and the calcium signal from each cell correlated with individual action potentials. We find that the responses of these small cell groups sum linearly, despite previously reported dendritic non-linearities and the thresholded responses of individual cells. This linear summation persisted when input strengths were reduced. Blockage of inhibition shifted responses up toward saturation, but did not alter the slope of the linear region of summation. Long-term potentiation of synapses in the slice also preserved the linear fit, with an increase in absolute response. However, in this case the summation gain decreased, suggesting a homeostatic process for preserving overall network excitability. Overall, our results suggest that cell groups in the CA3-CA1 network robustly follow a consistent set of linear summation and gain-control rules, notwithstanding the intrinsic non-linearities of individual neurons. Cell-group responses remain linear, with well-defined transformations following inhibitory modulation and plasticity. Our measures of these transformations provide useful parameters to apply to neural network analyses involving modulation and plasticity.
The Binding of Triclosan to SmeT, the Repressor of the Multidrug Efflux Pump SmeDEF, Induces Antibiotic Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

The wide utilization of biocides poses a concern on the impact of these compounds on natural bacterial populations. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that biocides can select, at least in laboratory experiments, antibiotic resistant bacteria. This situation has raised concerns, not just on scientists and clinicians, but also on regulatory agencies, which are demanding studies on the impact that the utilization of biocides may have on the development on resistance and consequently on the treatment of infectious diseases and on human health. In the present article, we explored the possibility that the widely used biocide triclosan might induce antibiotic resistance using as a model the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Biochemical, functional and structural studies were performed, focusing on SmeDEF, the most relevant antibiotic- and triclosan-removing multidrug efflux pump of S. maltophilia. Expression of smeDEF is regulated by the repressor SmeT. Triclosan released SmeT from its operator and induces the expression of smeDEF, thus reducing the susceptibility of S. maltophilia to antibiotics in the presence of the biocide. The structure of SmeT bound to triclosan is described. Two molecules of triclosan were found to bind to one subunit of the SmeT homodimer. The binding of the biocide stabilizes the N terminal domain of both subunits in a conformation unable to bind DNA. To our knowledge this is the first crystal structure obtained for a transcriptional regulator bound to triclosan. This work provides the molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms allowing the induction of phenotypic resistance to antibiotics by triclosan.
Ontology based information retrieval system for Academic Library

Information retrieval system is taking an important role in current search engine which performs searching operation based on keywords which results in enormous amount of data available to the user, from which user cannot figure out the essential and most important information. This limitation may be overcome by a new web architecture known as semantic web which overcome the limitation of keyword based search technique called conceptual or semantic search technique. Natural language processing technique is mostly implemented in QA system for asking user's question and several steps are also followed for conversion of questions to query form for getting an exact answer. In conceptual search, search engine interprets the meaning of user's query and the relation among the concepts that documents contains with respect to a particular domain that produces specific answers instead of giving list of answers. In this paper, we proposed ontology based semantic information retrieval system and Jena semantic web framework in which, user enters an input query which is parsed by Standford Parser then triplet extraction algorithm is used. To all input query, SPARQL query is formed and then it is fired on the knowledge base (Ontology) that finds appropriate RDF triples in knowledge base and retrieve the relevant information using Jena framework.
Ju l 2 00 9 KUNS-2188 BPS operators from the Wilson loop in the 3-dimensional supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory

In the paper hep-th/0504039, it was conjectured that in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, the 1/2-BPS point-like Wilson loop in the N = 4 SYM theory is mapped to the vacuum state of the dual IIB string theory on the pp wave background and the functional derivatives of the Wilson loop are mapped to the excited string states. Motivated by this conjecture, we consider the small deformation of the point-like Wilson loop in the 3dimensional N = 6 superconformal Chern-Simons theory. By Taylor expansion of the pointlike Wilson loop in powers of the loop variables, we obtain the BPS operators that correspond to the excited string states of the dual IIA string theory on the pp wave background. The BPS conditions of the Wilson loop constrain both the loop variables and the forms of the operators obtained in the Taylor expansion.
Extraction of expanded entity phrases

This research is part of a larger integrated approach for extraction of information of interest from free text and the visualization of semantic relatedness between phrases of interest. This paper defines a new structure which is a key component, the expanded entity phrase (EPx). This paper also presents an approach for extracting EPx's from free text. The structure of the EPx's facilitates quantitative comparison with other EPx's. A combination of part of speech-based template matching and ontology-driven NLP provides an effective technique for extracting complex entity structures that cross clause boundaries. This approach also uses ontology-based inferences to lay the ground work for linking EPx's for semantic relatedness assessments involving different named entities not explicitly stated in the text. The real world data used in this research were derived from a collection of law enforcement email messages submitted by hundreds of investigators seeking information or posting information about crimes, incidents, requests, and announcements. Performance data on the approaches used for extracting EPx's and links from this data are presented.
Perceived Innovativeness, Perceived Convenience and TAM: Effects on Mobile Knowledge Management

Wireless technology is seen as a gradually popular information technology with such potency that it has changed the way we view IT. Through wireless network, many knowledge management activities occur in working places and in our daily activities. In the mobile environments, the important knowledge management is quickly acquired the right knowledge using mobile devices through wireless network. The recent years study show that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness constructs of technology acceptance model have been considered important in determining the individuals’ acceptance and use of IT. In this study, we will introduce the innovativeness and the convenience as new factors that reflect the characteristic of the mobile knowledge management. This paper addresses why users can be used mobile knowledge management and how user's adoption is affected by the innovativeness and the convenience. The results showed that the extended technology acceptance model fully mediated the usage behavior intentions even in the mobile knowledge management through the wireless network environment.
A Critical Look at “Marketing, Consumption, and Society” by Anti-Consumerists: A Qualitative and Interdisciplinary Model of Anti-Consumerism

The main purpose of the article is to provide the literature of anti-consumerism with a model, as well as a fresh definition of anti-consumption, based on the research findings. The study utilizes the grounded theory methodology developed by Glaser & Strauss (1967) and the causative, teleological, and behavioral nature of anti-consumerism are presented with the qualitative model. The findings show that there are no noticeable differences among Turkish anti-consumerists in terms of philosophy, values, and ideology. However, it was observed that individuals display different amounts of anti-consumerist behavior in varying degrees of intensity. When the reasons for anti-consumption are examined, it has been found that these reasons can be divided into three kindsiapersonal, social, and societal. Another finding is that the anti-consumerist transformation conforms to the development tasks described by Havighurst (1972). Young individuals trying to fit in with the dynamics of the social group also try to find their own unique identities with teachings and awareness on macro and micro scales, eventually turning into anti-consumerists.
Smy2p Participates in COPII Vesicle Formation Through the Interaction with Sec23p/Sec24p Subcomplex

The coat protein complex II (COPII) is essential for vesicle formation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is composed of two heterodimeric subcomplexes, Sec23p/Sec24p and Sec13p/Sec31p, and the small guanosine triphosphatase Sar1p. In an effort to identify novel factors that may participate in COPII vesicle formation, we isolated SMY2, a yeast gene encoding a protein of unknown function, as a multicopy suppressor of the temperature‐sensitive sec24‐20 mutant. We found that even a low‐copy expression of SMY2 was sufficient for the suppression of the sec24‐20 phenotypes, and the chromosomal deletion of SMY2 led to a severe growth defect in the sec24‐20 background. In addition, SMY2 exhibited genetic interactions with several other genes involved in the ER‐to‐Golgi transport. Subcellular fractionation analysis showed that Smy2p was a peripheral membrane protein fractionating together with COPII components. However, Smy2p was not loaded onto COPII vesicles generated in vitro. Interestingly, coimmunoprecipitation between Smy2p and the Sec23p/Sec24p subcomplex was specifically observed in sec23‐1 and sec24‐20 backgrounds, suggesting that this interaction was a prerequisite for the suppression of the sec24‐20 phenotypes by overexpression of SMY2. We propose that Smy2p is located on the surface of the ER and facilitates COPII vesicle formation through the interaction with Sec23p/Sec24p subcomplex.
External specialist support for school self-evaluation: Testing a model of support in Irish post-primary schools

With an increasing emphasis on school self-evaluation as a mechanism for school improvement, many countries provide a range of supports to guide schools through the self-evaluation process. While models of support vary across jurisdictions, there are a number of common approaches that prevail, including the provision of an external specialist to support the school self-evaluation process. However, there is very little research carried out in relation to models of external specialist support for school self-evaluation. Building on previous research this article explores the implementation of a specific model of external specialist support for school self-evaluation in five Irish post-primary schools (student age cohort 12–18 years). This model differs from the standard set of supports provided by the Department of Education and Skills to schools in Ireland. The model was developed and facilitated by a researcher from the Dublin City University, Centre for Evaluation, Quality and Inspection. An action research methodology was used to implement and test the model of support in five schools and the related findings are outlined. While the findings are relevant to the Irish context they may have a wider application for self-evaluation policy and practice in other jurisdictions. The model may have particular relevance for jurisdictions where self-evaluation is being introduced for the first time or where implementation issues exist.
On the correctness of the main theorem for absolutely monotonic functions

We prove that the main theorem for absolutely monotonic functions on (0,∞) from the book Mitrinović D.S. , Pečarić J.E. , Fink A.M. "Classical And New Inequalities In Analysis", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993, is not valid. In the classical book [1], chapter XIII, page 365, there is a definition of absolutely monotonic on (0,∞) functions. Definition. A function f(x) is said to be absolutely monotonic on (0,∞) if it has derivatives of all orders and f (x) > 0, x ∈ (0,∞), k = 0, 1, 2, . (1) For absolutely monotonic functions the next integral representation is essential: