Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MR and CT Findings of Temporal Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Purpose: To describe the MRI and CT findings of temporal bone Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Materials and Methods: The MRI (n=8) and CT (n=7) findings of nine lesions of temporal bone Langerhans cell histiocytosis in six children were retrospectively reviewed. Eight lesions were pathologically confirmed and one was clinically diagnosed. The findings were analyzed for bilaterality, location, lesion extent, signal intensity, the attenuation of soft tissue lesions seen at MRI or precontrast CT, enhancement pattern at MRI or CT, and the pattern of bony destruction at CT. Results: Bilateral involvement was present in three of six patients (50%). Lesions were most frequently located in the mastoid (n=8, 89%), followed by the petrous ridge (n=6, 67%), and the squamous portion (n=3, 33%). Seven (78%) lesions extended to the ipsilateral cavernous sinus (n=3), sphenoid bone (n=3), orbit (n=2), or epidural space (n=2). The signals of the soft tissue lesions were isointense in five cases (63%) on T1-weighted images and hyperintense in six (75%) on T2-weighted images. Five lesions (71%) were isodense on precontrast CT scans. The enhancement patterns were inhomogeneous in six cases (75%) at MRI, and homogeneous in five (71%) at CT. All lesions demonstrated bony destruction without periosteal reaction and five (71%) showed ill-defined destruction, with crossing sutures. Conclusion: Familiarity with findings of predominant mastoid involvement, isointense or isodense soft tissue lesions seen on T1-weighted images or at precontrast CT, with relatively homogeneous enhancement at CT, and irregular bony destruction with crossing sutures may be helpful in narrowing the diagnosis of temporal bone Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Compression of isosurfaces for structured volumes with context modelling

In many applications surfaces with a large number of primitives occur. Geometry compression reduces storage space and transmission time for such models. A special case is given by polygonal isosurfaces generated from gridded volume data. However most current state-of-the-art geometry compression systems do not capitalize on the structure that is characteristic of such isosurfaces, namely that the surfaces are defined by a set of vertices on edges of the grid. In a previous paper we proposed a compression method for isosurfaces that exploits this feature. In this paper we use the same coding approach, however, including context models for the encoding of the symbol streams. We report improved compression ratios for complex isosurfaces from a CT scan of a human head Our coder outperformed state-of-the-art general purpose geometry compression methods. We also report results obtained by two predictive coding methods based on least squares function fitting and a surface relaxation algorithm.
Trophic complexity in aqueous systems: bacterial species richness and protistan predation regulate dissolved organic carbon and dissolved total nitrogen removal

Loading of water bodies with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) affects their integrity and functioning. Microbial interactions mitigate the negative effects of high nutrient loads in these ecosystems. Despite numerous studies on how biodiversity mediates ecosystem functions, whether and how diversity and complexity of microbial food webs (horizontal, vertical) and the underlying ecological mechanisms influence nutrient removal has barely been investigated. Using microbial microcosms accommodating systematic combinations of prey (bacteria) and predator (protists) species, we showed that increasing bacterial richness improved the extent and reliability of DOC and DTN removal. Bacterial diversity drove nutrient removal either due to species foraging physiology or functional redundancy, whereas protistan diversity affected nutrient removal through bacterial prey resource partitioning and changing nutrient balance in the system. Our results demonstrate that prey–predator diversity and trophic interactions interactively determine nutrient contents, thus implying the vital role of microbial trophic complexity as a biological buffer against DOC and DTN.
Stateful testing: Finding more errors in code and contracts

Automated random testing has shown to be an effective approach to finding faults but still faces a major unsolved issue: how to generate test inputs diverse enough to find many faults and find them quickly. Stateful testing, the automated testing technique introduced in this article, generates new test cases that improve an existing test suite. The generated test cases are designed to violate the dynamically inferred contracts (invariants) characterizing the existing test suite. As a consequence, they are in a good position to detect new faults, and also to improve the accuracy of the inferred contracts by discovering those that are unsound. Experiments on 13 data structure classes totalling over 28,000 lines of code demonstrate the effectiveness of stateful testing in improving over the results of long sessions of random testing: stateful testing found 68.4% new faults and improved the accuracy of automatically inferred contracts to over 99%, with just a 7% time overhead.
Space-time coded MIMO-OFDM for high capacity and high data-rate wireless communication over frequency selective fading channels

This paper presents a space-time block coded multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) scheme over frequency selective fading channels. The system provides spectrally efficient transmissions to increase system capacity or system throughput for individual users. The proposed technique utilizes OFDM to transform frequency selective fading channels into multiple flat fading sub channels on which space-time block coding is applied. We consider a multi-user environment with K synchronous cochannel users, each equipped with n transmit antennas. The receiver is equipped with m(/spl ges/K) receive antennas. At the receiver, signals from K users are decoded using minimum mean squared error (MMSE) interference cancellation followed by maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. It is shown that the proposed scheme, with two cochannel terminals, doubles the data rate while maintaining the frame error rate (FER) performance as a single user scheme with some additional decoding complexity.
Perceptions of Nigerian Women about Human Papilloma Virus, Cervical Cancer, and HPV Vaccine

Background. Cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) though preventable has claimed the lives of many women worldwide. This study was embarked upon to evaluate the general knowledge and perceptions of Nigerian women on HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccine. Methods. Structured questionnaires were administered to a cross section of 737 women randomly selected from the general population in two southwestern States of Nigeria. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS computer software version 16. A P value >0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. One hundred and seventy-six (23.9%) of the respondents had knowledge of HPV; 474 (64.3%) are aware of cervical cancer but only 136 (18.5%) know that HPV causes cervical cancer. 200 (27.1%) are aware that there is an HPV vaccine while 300 (40.7%) had knowledge of Pap smear test. Two hundred and sixty (35.3%) of the respondents know that early detection of HPV can prevent cervical cancer and in spite of this, only 110 (14.9%) have taken the Pap smear test before while 151 (20.5%) are not willing to go for the test at all. Conclusions. There is therefore the need to create proper awareness on the HPV and its possible consequence of cervical carcinoma.
The Reality amidst Pandemic on Trust and Morality of Tax Payer: Tax Payment and Tax Compliance in a Suburban Area in Indonesia

: This research aimed to examine the determinant model of trust and morality in explaining the willingness to pay tax and taxpayer compliance. This research also examines the contingent effect of trust and morality to explain tax compliance through willingness to pay tax. The prediction model based on slippery slope theory and theory of planned behavior. The respondent of this survey research are the small and medium enterprises (SME’s) taxpayer that listed on a tax authority office in West Sidoarjo district. The result of determinant model test showed that trust and morality have significant influences on the willingness to pay tax and taxpayer compliance. Those result also showed that willingness to pay tax has significant influence on taxpayer compliance. Furthermore, the contingent model test indicates that the willingness to pay tax only has mediating effect on the influence of morality toward taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, the willingness to pay tax hasn’t mediating effect on the influence of trust on taxpayer compliance.
Pathology caused by persistent murine norovirus infection

Subclinical infection of murine norovirus (MNV) was detected in a mixed breeding group of WT and Stat1−/− mice with no outward evidence of morbidity or mortality. Investigations revealed the presence of an attenuated MNV variant that did not cause cytopathic effects in RAW264.7 cells or death in Stat1−/− mice. Histopathological analysis of tissues from WT, heterozygous and Stat1−/− mice revealed a surprising spectrum of lesions. An infectious molecular clone was derived directly from faeces (MNV-O7) and the sequence analysis confirmed it was a member of norovirus genogroup V. Experimental infection with MNV-O7 induced a subclinical infection with no weight loss in Stat1−/− or WT mice, and recapitulated the clinical and pathological picture of the naturally infected colony. Unexpectedly, by day 54 post-infection, 50 % of Stat1−/− mice had cleared MNV-O7. In contrast, all WT mice remained infected persistently. Most significantly, this was associated with liver lesions in all the subclinically infected WT mice. These data confirmed that long-term persistence in WT mice is established with specific variants of MNV and that despite a subclinical presentation, active foci of acute inflammation persist within the liver. The data also showed that STAT1-dependent responses are not required to protect mice from lethal infection with all strains of MNV.
Three temporal classes of gene expression during the Chlamydia trachomatis developmental cycle

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis has a unique developmental cycle that involves functionally and morphologically distinct cell types adapted for extracellular survival and intracellular multiplication. Infection is initiated by an environmentally resistant cell type called an elementary body (EB). Over the first several hours of infection, EBs differentiate into a larger replicative form, termed the reticulate body (RB). Late in the infectious process, RBs asynchronously begin to differentiate back to EBs, which accumulate within the lumen of the inclusion until released from the host cell for subsequent rounds of infection. In an effort to characterize temporal gene expression in relation to the chlamydial developmental cycle, we have used quantitative–competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC‐PCR) and reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR techniques. These analyses demonstrate that C. trachomatis double their DNA content every 2–3 h, with synthesis beginning between 2 and 4 h after infection. We determined the onset of transcription of specific temporal classes of developmentally expressed genes. RT‐PCR analysis was performed on several genes encoding key enzymes or components of essential biochemical pathways and functions. This comparison encompassed approximately 8% of open reading frames on the C. trachomatis genome. In analysis of total RNA samples harvested at 2, 6, 12 and 20 h after infection, using conditions under which a single chlamydial transcript per infected cell is detected, three major temporal classes of gene expression were resolved. Initiation of transcription appears to occur in three temporal classes which we have operationally defined as: early, which are detected by 2 h after infection during the germination of EBs to RBs; mid‐cycle, which appear between 6 and 12 h after infection and represent transcripts expressed during the growth and multiplication of RBs; or late, which appear between 12 and 20 h after infection and represent those genes transcribed during the terminal differentiation of RBs to EBs. Collectively, the data suggest that chlamydial early gene functions are weighted toward initiation of macromolecular synthesis and the establishment of their intracellular niche by modification of the inclusion membrane. Surprisingly, representative enzymes of intermediary metabolism and structural proteins do not appear to be transcribed until 10–12 h after infection; coinciding with the onset of observed binary fission of RBs. Late gene functions appear to be predominately those associated with the terminal differentiation of RBs back to EBs.
Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models with Non-Equilibrium Convection

Most global climate models with convective parameterization have trouble in simulating the observed diurnal cycle of convection. Maximum precipitation usually happens too early during summertime, especially over land. Observational analyses indicate that deep convection over land cannot keep pace with rapid variations in convective available potential energy, which is largely controlled by boundary-layer forcing. In this study, a new convective closure in which shallow and deep convection interact strongly, out of equilibrium, is implemented in atmosphere-only and ocean-atmosphere coupled models. The diurnal cycles of convection in both simulations are signiﬁcantly improved with small changes to their mean states. The new closure shifts maximum precipitation over land later by about three hours. Compared to satellite observations, the diurnal phase biases are reduced by half. Shallow convection to some extent equilibrates rapid changes in the boundary layer at subdiurnal time scales. Relaxed quasi-equilibrium for convective available potential energy holds in signiﬁcant measure as a result. Future model improvement will focus on the remaining biases in the diurnal cycle, which may be further reduced by including stochastic entrainment and cold pools.
Annual and Semiannual Variations in the Ionospheric F2-layer: Ii. Physical Discussion

The companion paper by Zou et al. shows that the annual and semiannual variations in the peak F2-layer electron density (NmF2) at midlatitudes can be reproduced by a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere computational model (CTIP), without recourse to external in¯uences such as the solar wind, or waves and tides originating in the lower atmosphere. The present work discusses the physics in greater detail. It shows that noon NmF2 is closely related to the ambient atomic/molecular concentration ratio, and suggests that the variations of NmF2 with geographic and magnetic longitude are largely due to the geometry of the auroral ovals. It also concludes that electric ®elds play no important part in the dynamics of the midlatitude thermosphere. Our modelling leads to the following picture of the global three-dimensional thermospheric circulation which, as envisaged by Duncan, is the key to explaining the F2-layer variations. At solstice, the almost continuous solar input at high summer latitudes drives a prevailing summer-to-winter wind, with upwel-ling at low latitudes and throughout most of the summer hemisphere, and a zone of downwelling in the winter hemisphere, just equatorward of the auroral oval. These motions aect thermospheric composition more than do the alternating day/night (up-and-down) motions at equinox. As a result, the thermosphere as a whole is more molecular at solstice than at equinox. Taken in conjunction with the well-known relation of F2-layer electron density to the atomic/molecular ratio in the neutral air, this explains the F2-layer semiannual eect in NmF2 that prevails at low and middle latitudes. At higher midlatitudes, the seasonal behaviour depends on the geographic latitude of the winter downwelling zone, though the eect of the composition changes is modi®ed by the large solar zenith angle at midwinter. The zenith angle eect is especially important in longitudes far from the magnetic poles. Here, the downwelling occurs at high geographic latitudes, where the zenith angle eect becomes overwhelming and causes a midwinter depression of electron density, despite the enhanced atomic/ molecular ratio. This leads to a semiannual variation of NmF2. A dierent situation exists in winter at longitudes near the magnetic poles, where the downwelling occurs at relatively low geographic latitudes so that solar radiation is strong enough to produce large values of NmF2. This circulation-driven mechanism provides a reasonably complete explanation of the observed pattern of F2 layer annual and semiannual quiet-day variations. (thermosphere-composition and chemistry) ± Ionosphere (mid-latitude ionosphere; modelling and forecasting) 1 The Modelling The …
Epstein-Barr Virus in Gastric Carcinoma

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detected in about 10% of gastric carcinoma cases throughout the world. In EBV-associated gastric carcinoma, all tumor cells harbor the clonal EBV genome. Gastric carcinoma associated with EBV has distinct clinicopathological features, occurs predominately in men and in younger-aged individuals, and presents a generally diffuse histological type. Most cases of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma exhibit a histology rich in lymphocyte infiltration. The immunological reactiveness in the host may represent a relatively preferable prognosis in EBV-positive cases. This fact highlights the important role of EBV in the development of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. We have clearly proved direct infection of human gastric epithelialcells by EBV. The infection was achieved by using a recombinant EBV. Promotion of growth by EBV infection was observed in the cells. Considerable data suggest that EBV may directly contribute to the development of EBV-associated GC. This tumor-promoting effect seems to involve multiple mechanisms, because EBV affects several host proteins and pathways that normally promote apoptosis and regulate cell proliferation.
Effects of adrenergic, cholinergic and ganglionic blockade on acute depressor responses to metformin in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Metformin lowers blood pressure in humans and in experimental animal models. To determine the mechanism of acute metformin-induced hypotension, we measured changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) during metformin alone (0, 10, 50, 100 mg/kg i.v.; n = 10) and during concomitant alpha adrenergic (phentolamine, 5 mg/kg; n = 5), beta adrenergic (propranolol, 3 mg/kg; n = 6), muscarinic (atropine, 200 micrograms/kg; n = 7), ganglionic (hexamethonium, 30 mg/kg; n = 11), nitric oxide synthase (NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, 15 mg/ kg; n = 9) and combination ganglionic plus alpha adrenergic plus beta adrenergic (n = 6) blockade in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Responses to metformin alone were also assessed in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (n = 6). In SHRs, metformin elicited depressor responses accompanied by tachycardia (100 mg/kg; delta MAP, -26 +/- 3 mm Hg; delta HR, +49 +/- 12 bpm). Depressor responses in Wistar-Kyoto rats were significantly attenuated (100 mg/kg; delta MAP, -9 +/- 4 mm Hg; P < .01). Hypotensive actions of metformin in SHRs were abolished and reversed into pressor responses by hexamethonium (100 mg/kg; delta MAP, +24 +/- 6 mm Hg), phentolamine (100 mg/kg; delta MAP, +62 +/- 10 mm Hg) and by combination ganglionic plus adrenergic (100 mg/kg; delta MAP, +62 +/- 10 mm Hg) blockade. Neither propranolol, atropine nor NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt affected hypotensive responses to metformin. We conclude that acute intravenous metformin administration decreases MAP by causing withdrawal of sympathetic activity. The increase in MAP uncovered by hexamethonium and phentolamine suggests that the original depressor response to metformin is buffered by mechanisms unrelated to the autonomic nervous system.
Aircraft noise effects on sleep: a systematic comparison of EEG awakenings and automatically detected cardiac activations

Polysomnography is the gold standard for investigating noise effects on sleep, but data collection and analysis are sumptuous and expensive. We recently developed an algorithm for the automatic identification of cardiac activations associated with cortical arousals, which uses heart rate information derived from a single electrocardiogram (ECG) channel. We hypothesized that cardiac activations can be used as estimates for EEG awakenings. Polysomnographic EEG awakenings and automatically detected cardiac activations were systematically compared using laboratory data of 112 subjects (47 male, mean ± SD age 37.9 ± 13 years), 985 nights and 23 855 aircraft noise events (ANEs). The probability of automatically detected cardiac activations increased monotonically with increasing maximum sound pressure levels of ANEs, exceeding the probability of EEG awakenings by up to 18.1%. If spontaneous reactions were taken into account, exposure–response curves were practically identical for EEG awakenings and cardiac activations. Automatically detected cardiac activations may be used as estimates for EEG awakenings. More investigations are needed to further validate the ECG algorithm in the field and to investigate inter-individual differences in its ability to predict EEG awakenings. This inexpensive, objective and non-invasive method facilitates large-scale field studies on the effects of traffic noise on sleep.
JURNAL INDRIA

This study aims to investigate the strategies used by Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) principals in Kecamatan Arcamanik, Bandung, to enhance teacher competence for the Independent Curriculum. Utilizing a qualitative approach with case study method, observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted with principals from 10 ECCE institutions, supplemented by the review of relevant documents and institutional records. The data were analyzed thematically, drawing upon current educational research to contextualize the findings within broader educational theory and practice. The findings reveal a diverse range of strategies employed by the principals, including the provision of educational resources, ongoing professional development, collaborative learning, and the utilization of support services and platforms. These strategies vary in their alignment with current educational research, reflecting the unique context of each institution. The study highlights the importance of tailoring teacher development strategies to meet the specific needs and resources available to educational institutions. Implications of this study are significant for both policymakers and practitioners, particularly in Indonesia and similar contexts.