Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of clozapine on mRNA expression for genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors and the protein components of clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Objectives Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is an intracellular trafficking mechanism for packaging cargo, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), into clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). The antipsychotic chlorpromazine inhibits CCV assembly of adaptor protein AP2 whereas clozapine increases serotonin2A receptor internalization. We hypothesized that clozapine alters the expression of CME genes modulating vesicle turnover and GPCR internalization. Materials and methods SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were incubated with clozapine (1–20 µmol/l) for 24–72 h. GPCR and CME-related gene mRNA expression was measured using RT-PCR. We quantified changes in the same genes using expression data from a microarray study of mice brains after 12 weeks of treatment with 12 mg/kg/day clozapine. Results The expression of genes encoding adaptor and clathrin assembly proteins, AP2A2, AP2B1, AP180, CLINT1, HIP1, ITSN2, and PICALM, increased relative to the control in SH-SY5Y cells incubated with 5–10 µmol/l clozapine for 24–72 h. The microarray study showed significantly altered expression of the above CME-related genes, with a marked 641-fold and 17-fold increase in AP180 and the serotonin1A GPCR, respectively. The expression of three serotonergic receptor and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 (EDG4) GPCR genes was upregulated in SH-SY5Y cells incubated with 5 µmol/l clozapine for 24 h. EDG4 expression was also increased with 10–20 µmol/l clozapine treatment at 48–72 h. Clozapine significantly decreased the expression of &bgr;-arrestin, involved in GPCR desensitization, both in vitro and vivo. Conclusion The changes we report in CME and GPCR mRNAs implicate CCV-mediated internalization of GPCRs and the serotonergic system in clozapine’s mechanism of action, which may be useful in the design of more effective and less toxic antipsychotic therapies.
Encoding and Recognition Processing of Chinese Characters: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

This study aimed to investigate the conceptual memory processes that underlie encoding and recognition processing of Chinese characters. Healthy participants (n = 14) performed a semantic-relatedness paradigm using categorically related logogram pairs from four different categories (fruit, animal, tool, and clothing). During intentional encoding, subjects were instructed to make semantic judgments and select category-correlated features to bind and memorize logogram pairs. During recognition, subjects were asked to recognize the memorized items. The MATLAB software and spatial clustering analysis were used for image data processing. Compared with baseline, encoding mainly activated BA13, with significant effects in BA6/8/9/46/45/47, BA24, BA7/39/40, BA37/20, and BA18/19; meanwhile, recognition mainly activated BA6/8/9/10/13/45/46/47, BA31, BA7/40, and BA18/19. Compared with recognition, encoding activated BA18/19/37/20/36 with a peak activation area in BA18. Compared with encoding, recognition significantly activated BA7, BA31/32, and BA10. In conclusion, distributed networks of discrete cortical regions with distinct roles are active during semantic processing of logograms. The ventral occipitotemporal and inferior frontal regions display increased levels of encoding-related activity. The dorsal medial brain regions, including the superior frontal gyrus and occipitoparietal regions, are associated with recognition-related activity.
Study of the effectiveness of spatially EM-diverse redundant systems under reverberation room conditions

In the most recent IET Guide on ElectroMagnetic Compatibiliy (EMC) for Functional Safety [1], diverse redundancy is indicated as one of the techniques to cope with the effects ElectroMagnetic (EM) disturbances within safety-or mission-critical applications. Unfortunately, up to now, little or no research is available on how to implement such EM-diverse redundant system. This paper studies the effectiveness of spatial diversity to cope with EM disturbances caused by strong incident fields under reverberation room conditions. Here, reverberation room conditions refers to the situation where multiple plane waves are incident onto the system-under-study, each with a random angle-of-incidence, polarization and phase. Four different geometries are compared: a non-redundant system comprising a single trace on a PCB, a redundant system comprising three parallel traces on a single PCB, a redundant system comprising three non-parallel traces on a single PCB, and a redundant system comprising three differently oriented PCBs. A reciprocity-based technique is used to efficiently calculate the induced voltages and the resulting bit error probability in the different geometries. It is shown that only when using three differently oriented PCBs a significant reduction in the bit error probability is obtained.
Liquidity Externalities and Information Spillover between the Equity and Corporate Bond Markets : An Empirical Study

Information spillover and liquidity externality across securities is of practical importance to both practitioners and policy makers. We empirically examine how information spillover facilitates liquidity externalities between the equity and corporate bond markets. An event study was conducted by comparing the change of liquidity of stocks whose corporate bonds are TRACE-eligible with that of non-TRACE-eligible control stocks around the initiation of the TRACE system. It is found that the TRACE initiation significantly reduced the illiquidity of corresponding common stocks, which provide empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis of cross-market liquidity externalities.
The status of the species Beijerinckia fluminensis Dobereiner and Ruschel 1958. Request for an Opinion.

In a previous article [Oggerin M. , Arahal, D. R. , Rubio, V. & Marin, I. (2009). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 2323-2328], it has been shown that strain Beijerinckia fluminensis UQM 1685(T) and its derived equivalent B. fluminensis CIP 106281(T) do not conform to the description of the type strain of Beijerinckia fluminensis Döbereiner and Ruschel 1958. Indeed, both strains were identified as members of the species Rhizobium radiobacter and exhibited marked phenotypic and genotypic differences with members of the genus Beijerinckia. It was concluded that both strains, and any other equivalents derived from them, do not descend from the nomenclatural type. Since then, our attempts to find older deposits of the type strain, hopefully derived from the original isolate, or other existing strains of Beijerinckia fluminensis that could be proposed as a neotype strain, have been in vain. It is therefore proposed that the Judicial Commission should place the name Beijerinckia fluminensis Döbereiner and Ruschel 1958 on the list of rejected names if a suitable replacement type strain or a neotype cannot be found within two years following the publication of this Request (Rule 18c).
Mitotic Golgi fragments in HeLa cells and their role in the reassembly pathway

Immunoelectron microscopy and stereology were used to identify and quantitate Golgi fragments in metaphase HeLa cells and to study Golgi reassembly during telophase. On ultrathin frozen sections of metaphase cells, labeling for the Golgi marker protein, galactosyltransferase, was found over multivesicular Golgi clusters and free vesicles that were found mainly in the mitotic spindle region. The density of Golgi cluster membrane varied from cell to cell and was inversely related to the density of free vesicles in the spindle. There were thousands of free Golgi vesicles and they comprised a significant proportion of the total Golgi membrane. During telophase, the distribution of galactosyltransferase labeling shifted from free Golgi vesicles towards Golgi clusters and the population of free vesicles was depleted. The number of clusters was no more than in metaphase cells so the observed fourfold increase in membrane surface meant that individual clusters had increased in size. More than half of these had cisterna(e) and were located next to "buds" on the endoplasmic reticulum. Early in G1 the number of clusters dropped as they congregated in the juxtanuclear region and fused. These results show that fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus yields Golgi clusters and free vesicles and reassembly from these fragments is at least a two-step process: (a) growth of a limited number of dispersed clusters by accretion and fusion of vesicles to form cisternal clusters next to membranous "buds" on the endoplasmic reticulum; (b) congregation and fusion to form the interphase Golgi stack in the juxtanuclear region.
Atmospheric Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Water Retrieval Over the Arctic Ocean Using Satellite Passive Microwave Sensing

New algorithms for total atmospheric water vapor content (Q) and total cloud liquid water content (W) retrieval from satellite microwave radiometer data, based on neural networks (NNs) and applicable for high-latitude open-water areas, were developed. For algorithm development, a radiative transfer equation numerical integration was carried out for Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) channel characteristics for nonprecipitating conditions over the open ocean. Sets of sea surface temperatures less than 15°C, surface winds, and radiosonde (r/s) reports collected by Russian research vessels served as input data for integration. It was shown that NNs perform better than the conventional regression techniques. Q retrieval algorithms were validated both for the SSM/I and AMSR-E instruments using satellite radiometric measurements collocated in space and time with polar station r/s data. The resulting SSM/I and AMSR-E retrieval errors proved to be 1.09 and 0.90 kg/m2 correspondingly. For SSM/I Q retrievals, the algorithms were compared with the Wentz global operational algorithm. This comparison demonstrated the advantages of NN-based polar regional algorithms in comparison with the Wentz global one. The retrieval errors proved to be 1.34 and 1.90 kg/m2 ( ~ 40% worse) for the NN and Wentz algorithms correspondingly.
The effectiveness of immediate feedback during the Objective Structured Clinical Examination

Summary. Using eight different physical examination or technical stations, 400 examinations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of immediate feedback during the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The test group comprised 50 medical students who underwent a standard 4‐minute examination followed by 2 minutes of feedback. Immediately following feedback the students repeated an identical 4‐minute examination scored by the same examiners. The control group consisted of 50 students from the same class who underwent an identical testing sequence, but instead of receiving feedback, they were instructed to continue their examinations for an additional 2 minutes before repeating the stations. Simple repetition of the task did not significantly improve score (mean increase 2.0%, NS). Extending the testing period from 4 to 6 minutes resulted in a small but significant increase in score (mean 6.7%, P < 0.001). However, there was a much larger increase in the scores obtained following 2 minutes of immediate feedback compared to pre‐feedback performance (mean 26.3%, P < 0.0001). The majority of students and examiners felt that feedback, as administered in this study, was valuable both as a learning and teaching experience. Short periods of immediate feedback during an OSCE are practical and can improve competency in the performance of criterion‐based tasks, at least over the short term. In addition, such feedback provides students with valuable self‐assessment that may stimulate further learning.
Local Feature Discriminant Projection

In this paper, we propose a novel subspace learning algorithm called Local Feature Discriminant Projection (LFDP) for supervised dimensionality reduction of local features. LFDP is able to efficiently seek a subspace to improve the discriminability of local features for classification. We make three novel contributions. First, the proposed LFDP is a general supervised subspace learning algorithm which provides an efficient way for dimensionality reduction of large-scale local feature descriptors. Second, we introduce the Differential Scatter Discriminant Criterion (DSDC) to the subspace learning of local feature descriptors which avoids the matrix singularity problem. Third, we propose a generalized orthogonalization method to impose on projections, leading to a more compact and less redundant subspace. Extensive experimental validation on three benchmark datasets including UIUC-Sports, Scene-15 and MIT Indoor demonstrates that the proposed LFDP outperforms other dimensionality reduction methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance for image classification.
Hepatotoxicity due to zinc phosphide poisoning in two patients: role of N‐acetylcysteine

Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2/ZnP) is used as a rodenticide. The most common signs of toxicity are nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis; patients presenting such signs are referred to the emergency department (ED) of the hospitals. Therefore, this study aimed to report two cases of hepatotoxicity following accidental and intentional ZnP poisoning and successful management with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC).
State-Dependent Cost Partitionings for Cartesian Abstractions in Classical Planning

Abstraction heuristics are a popular method to guide optimal search algorithms in classical planning. Cost partitionings allow to sum heuristic estimates admissibly by distributing action costs among the heuristics. We introduce state-dependent cost partitionings which take context information of actions into account, and show that an optimal state-dependent cost partitioning dominates its state-independent counterpart. We demonstrate the potential of our idea with a state-dependent variant of the recently proposed saturated cost partitioning, and show that it has the potential to improve not only over its state-independent counterpart, but even over the optimal state-independent cost partitioning. Our empirical results give evidence that ignoring the context of actions in the computation of a cost partitioning leads to a significant loss of information.
Microstructure control of the Sn-Ag-Cu-X solder alloy system through nucleation catalysis of Sn

Sn-Pb eutectic solder was the alloy of choice since the dawn of the circuit board for creating interconnections between components in electronic devices. Under typical solder joint solidification conditions, eutectic Sn-37Pb (wt. %) solder freezes at a single temperature, usually under coupled growth conditions, thereby eliminating any “mushy zone,” providing a homogeneous microstructure, and avoiding micro-shrinkage voids. Unfortunately, lead is toxic, and as such, it has been banned in new electronic devices by various European Union (EU) regulations, notably RoHS. This is a primary driver for lead-free solder research. Additionally, increasing performance demands including rising device operating temperatures, increasing interconnection densities, and a greater demand (and consumer expectation) for reliability, also drive lead-free solder alloy research. Based on performance and processing requirements—including maximum reflow temperature limits of circuit boards—and cost, Sn based alloys have emerged as the leading lead-free solder solution. Near eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys, with a eutectic temperature of 217°C, are the leading lead-free solder alloys for surface mount technology (SMT) applications. However, SAC alloys are not without problems. Unlike Sn-Pb, which contains only ductile terminal Pb and Sn rich phases, SAC solders contain relatively brittle intermetallic compound (IMC) phases in addition to the ductile β-Sn phase. As part of a eutectic-like structure, these IMC phase particles are small and act as dispersion strengthening agents. However, primary growth of these particles from the liquid, particularly the Ag3Sn phase, may result in large faceted particles with a blade-like morphology that act as easy crack paths. Another potential problem is that SAC solder joints are often composed of only a few unique Sn grains. This combined with the anisotropic thermal expansion of Sn raises the potential for high stress at Sn/Sn boundaries under thermal strain, thus reducing thermomechanical fatigue performance. The root of these problems and others lay in the complex solidification behavior of SAC solder joints caused by the difficulty in nucleating Sn from the liquid, which results in a high undercooling, which leads to non-equilibrium solidification. To address this problem in this study, a near eutectic (NE) SAC alloy has been modified with a number of low concentration fourth element additions
Identification of a new class of exonic splicing enhancers by in vivo selection

In vitro selection strategies have typically been used to identify a preferred ligand, usually an RNA, for an identified protein. Ideally, one would like to know RNA consensus sequences preferred in vivo for as-yet-unidentified factors. The ability to select RNA-processing signals would be particularly beneficial in the analysis of exon enhancer sequences that function in exon recognition during pre-mRNA splicing. Exon enhancers represent a class of potentially ubiquitous RNA-processing signals whose actual prevalence is unknown. To establish an approach for in vivo selection, we developed an iterative scheme to select for exon sequences that enhance exon inclusion. This approach is modeled on the in vitro SELEX procedure and uses transient transfection in an iterative procedure to enrich RNA-processing signals in cultured vertebrate cells. Two predominant sequence motifs were enriched after three rounds of selection: a purine-rich motif that resembles previously identified splicing enhancers and a class of A/C-rich splicing enhancers (ACEs). Individual selected ACEs enhanced splicing in vivo and in vitro. ACE splicing activity was competed by RNAs containing the purine-rich splicing enhancer from cardiac troponin T exon 5. Thus, ACE activity is likely to require a subset of the SR splicing factors previously shown to mediate activity of this purine-rich enhancer. ACE motifs are found in two vertebrate exons previously demonstrated to contain splicing enhancer activity as well as in the well-characterized Drosophila doublesex (dsx) splicing enhancer. We demonstrate that one copy of the dsx repeat enhances splicing of a vertebrate exon in vertebrate cells and that this enhancer activity requires the ACE motif. We suggest the possibility that the dsx enhancer is a member of a previously unrecognized family of ACEs.
Value of combined XCT/SPECT technology for avoiding false positive planar 123I-MIBG scintigraphy

Summary: Aim: The clinical value of combined XCT/SPECT technology in a single device in patients undergoing 123I-MIBG scintigraphy was analyzed. Methods: 31 patients (19 men, 12 women; mean age 55 years, range: 31-79 years) demonstrating focal accumulation in planar 123I-MIBG scan were further investigated with a double headed gamma camera with an X-ray tomograph mounted on the same gantry (GE Medical Systems, Millennium VG with Hawkeye, Milwaukee, USA) for anatomical definition of the focal 123I-MIBG uptake. The patients were referred to 123I-MIBG scintigraphy because of biochemically (81%) and/or clinically (19%) suspected pheochromocytoma. Results: In 23 out of 31 patients (74%) the fused images demonstrated physiological accumulation (i. e. intestinal, renal) of 123I-MIBG. In two patients (6%) suspected adrenal MIBG-accumulation was caused by inhomogeneous liver uptake. In two patients (6%) focal abdominal accumulation was correctly localised in the adrenal glands. Furthermore, the differentiation of bone metastasis from a local recurrence for phaeochromocytoma was accurately possible for two patients (6%). Adrenal lesions mimicking liver foci were correctly localised in the remaining two patients (6%). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the clinical value of XCT/SPECT in a single device in patients demonstrating focal 123I-MIBG uptake in planar scintigraphy. The combined XCT/SPECT technology provides a higher diagnostic accuracy.
Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy Combinations in Advanced Melanoma

For three decades, clinical trials with chemotherapy in melanoma have failed to show superiority of any one regimen over another. Dacarbazine remains the only “standard” agent. With response rates of <10% and median progression-free survival of 2 months or less in contemporary trials, there is a need to improve systemic therapy. Combination chemotherapy is associated with higher response rates than single-agent therapy but this has not translated into improved survival. An increasing number of potential therapeutic targets have been identified. For some, pharmacologic inhibitors are available, including sorafenib for BRAF, farnesyltransferase inhibitors for NRAS, PD-0325901 for mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, rapamycin analogues for mammalian target of rapamycin, and agents that inhibit either vascular endothelial growth factor or its receptors. Several multitargeted kinase inhibitors have potency against the fibroblast growth factor receptor, c-kit, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Small-molecule inhibitors of c-met and Akt are in preclinical development. Another class of agents indirectly affect aberrant signaling, including inhibitors of chaperones and proteasomes. Several targeted agents seem to enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in preclinical models. The mechanism by which signaling inhibition might synergize with chemotherapy requires more study so that rational combinations move forward. Very few targeted agents have been studied rigorously in this fashion.
Effects of absorber doping and post-deposition treatments on the performance of n-type poly-Si thin film solar cells on glass

High temperature, 740 °C or 800 °C, hydrogenation treatment was applied to n-type polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells on glass with absorber doping from 5×10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> to 5×10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>, after rapid thermal annealing at 930 °C or 970 °C. Effects of hydrogenation and RTA temperature on the performance of n-type poly-Si thin film solar cells were studied. It is found that higher RTA temperature leads to higher open circuit voltage in all absorber doping range at low hydrogenation temperature. Higher hydrogenation temperature improves the open circuit voltage in the mediate absorber doping range significantly and this effect is independent of RTA temperature.
Issues regarding cost estimation of permanent magnet synchronous generators for mega-watt level wind turbines

Wind turbines with higher power ratings are desired to reduce construction and maintenance time and increase energy yields. Wind turbines with low energy yield and high capital cost present a setback that needs to be overcome. This paper addresses research questions associated with the method by which the energy per cost is calculated. It aims at presenting more accurate calculations based on a combination of methods that take into account lifetime operation of wind turbines. Such calculations are not available for megawatt (MW) level turbines. The proposed method is used to evaluate typical permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) available in the technical literature. The new method's outcome is compared to conventional methods used to calculate energy yield per cost. It is shown that lifetime cost calculations come in favour of gearless PMSGs, which have higher material and construction costs.