Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traditional knowledge and the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library: Digital quandaries and other concerns

This article explores issues related to the digitization of traditional knowledge. Using the example of the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) in India, it (1) explores the interfaces between the TKDL and the digital, (2) problematizes the relationship between the TKDL, power and digital knowledge, (3) raises issues around traditional knowledge (TK) and dominant traditions of intellectual property (IP) and (4) explores the status of reinvented traditions in relation to TK. While the article includes an immanent critique of the politics of the digital in relation to the TKDL, it supports the view that the digital can play a significant role in the preservation, elucidation and strengthening of traditional/ indigenous cultures.
Long-term demographic trends in a fire-suppressed mixed-conifer forest

In the western United States, forests are experiencing novel environmental conditions related to a changing climate and a suppression of the historical fire regime. Mixed-conifer forests, considered resilient to disturbance due to their heterogeneity in structure and composition, appear to be shifting to a more homogeneous state, but the timescale of these shifts is not well understood. Our objective was to assess the effects of climate and fire suppression on stand dynamics and demographic rates of an old-growth mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada. We used a Bayesian hierarchical analysis to quantify species and community rates of recruitment, growth, and mortality. Despite a warming climate, we found that stand density, basal area, and carbon have increased over 56 years. Fir recruitment and growth significantly exceeded the community-level median rates, whereas pine recruitment and growth was significantly lower than the community-level median rates. Shifts in species composition from a well-mixe.
Classifying adolescents’ conceptions of purpose in life

Motivating youth to find a purpose in life promotes positive youth development. However, it is as yet uncertain whether adolescents think of purpose in ways similar to researchers. This study addressed this deficit by asking 229 adolescents from a Catholic and a public high school to define what it means to have a purpose in life, using a free-response format. Almost all adolescents suggested that having a purpose gives one a foundation and a direction for life, and over half mentioned that it led to increased happiness. In addition, adolescents often mentioned elements from multiple coding categories, suggesting that they hold multifaceted conceptions of purpose. In addition, definitions were marked by their similarities rather than differences across the sample. Overall, these results suggest that adolescents hold mature and complex conceptions of purpose that are in line with those presented in the existing research literature.
The global financial crisis: experiences of and implications for community-based organizations providing health and social services in South Africa

The global financial crisis that began in 2008 with the collapse of the US real estate bubble is considered the worst economic turmoil since the Great Depression in the 1930s. While the crisis has negatively impacted the global economy and the flow of aid to Sub-Saharan African countries, little is known about the implications of the crisis for community-based organizations (CBOs) providing health-related services in marginalized communities. We conducted qualitative interviews with managers of 14 CBOs providing health and social services to marginalized communities in South Africa about their experiences of the crisis. CBOs reported experiencing a marked decrease in funding received from both international and local donors as a result of the global financial crisis. At the same time, they experienced difficulties in securing new funding. Organizations addressed the funding problems by conducting organizational restructuring and implementing austerity measures that led to the retrenchment of staff, reduction in benefits and incentives for staff and volunteers, reduction in the number of communities served and rationing of services provided to these communities. These measures had negative psychological impacts on paid staff and volunteers and contributed to absenteeism and attrition among volunteers, and some of the organizations eventually closed down. Our findings show that the global financial crisis has far-reaching implications for health, social and developmental services delivery and ravaging impacts on the economy of marginalized communities. Policy-makers should explore mechanisms for protecting CBOs from the effects of economic shocks to guarantee the provision of critical services to marginalized communities.
Control theory: a useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology.

Control theory provides a model of self-regulati on that we believe is useful in the analysis of human behavior. As an illustration of the breadth of its applicability, we present the basic construct of control theory—the discrepancy-reducing feedback loop—and discuss certain of its implications for theory in three separate areas of human psychology. In personality-s ocial, clinical, and health psychology, the construct proves to fit well with known phenomena and with the theories most recently developed to account for the phenomena. Moreover, in each case control theory appears to make a distinct and unique contribution to the state of the area. We conclude by noting the integrative potential that is suggested by these illustrations and by noting some issues that should receive attention in future work. Cybernetic or control theory is a general approach to the understanding of self-regulating systems. Its central ideas have been around for a long time (see, for example, Cannon's 1929, 1932, discussion of homeostatic physiological mechanisms), but its birth as a distinct body of thought is usually traced to the publication of Wiener's (1948) book, Cybernetics: Control and communication in the animal and the machine. Since then, control theory (in various forms) has had a major impact on areas of work as diverse as engineering (e.g., Dransfield, 1968; Ogata, 1970), applied mathematics (e.g.,
Periodontal Status and Oral Health Knowledge among a Selected Population of Malaysian Type 2 Diabetics (Status Periodontal dan Kesedaran Kesihatan Mulut dalam Kalangan Sekumpulan Penduduk Malaysia yang Menghidap Penyakit Diabetes Jenis 2)

Diabetes is an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Subjects with diabetes have a greater prevalence and severity of periodontal disease compared with subjects without diabetes. This study was carried out to assess periodontal status, treatment needs and oral health awareness among a selected population of Malaysian Type 2 diabetics. Ninety four Type 2 diabetes subjects were divided into those diagnosed with periodontal disease (PD+) (CPITN≥3) and healthy/gingivitis (PD-) (CPITN≤2) groups based on the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Subjects were interviewed regarding socio-demographic data and oral health awareness. Their medical information was obtained from the medical records. The results showed that 55.3% subjects had (PD+) as compared with 44.7% (PD-) subjects. 18.1% subjects required advanced periodontal treatment with specialist referrals. Male diabetic subjects were more likely to have advanced periodontal disease compared to female subjects (p<0.05). Subjects with advanced periodontal disease were more likely to be on combination of insulin and oral drugs (p<0.05). (PD+) diabetic subjects were aware that they had mobile teeth (p<0.001) and gum disease (p=0.004). In conclusion, male diabetics in Malaysia and subjects on combination of insulin and oral diabetic drugs are more likely to require advanced periodontal treatment.
A new class of radial basis functions with compact support

Radial basis functions are well-known and successful tools for the interpolation of data in many dimensions. Several radial basis functions of compact support that give rise to nonsingular interpolation problems have been proposed, and in this paper we study a new, larger class of smooth radial functions of compact support which contains other compactly supported ones that were proposed earlier in the literature.
MicroRNA regulation of plant innate immune receptors

Plant genomes contain large numbers of cell surface leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and intracellular nucleotide binding (NB)-LRR immune receptors encoded by resistance (R) genes that recognize specific pathogen effectors and trigger resistance responses. The unregulated expression of NB-LRR genes can trigger autoimmunity in the absence of pathogen infection and inhibit plant growth. Despite the potential serious consequence on agricultural production, the mechanisms regulating R-gene expression are not well understood. We identified microRNA (miRNA) progenitor genes precursor transcripts, and two miRNAs [nta-miR6019 (22-nt) and nta-miR6020 (21-nt)] that guide cleavage of transcripts of the Toll and Interleukin-1 receptor-NB-LRR immune receptor N from tobacco that confers resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). We further showed that cleavage by nta-miR6019 triggers RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6- and ribonuclease Dicer-like 4-dependent biogenesis of 21-nt secondary siRNAs “in phase” with the 22-nt miR6019 cleavage site. Furthermore, we found that processing of the 22-nt nta-miR6019 depended on an asymmetric bulge caused by mismatch in the nta-miR6019 precursor. Interestingly, coexpression of N with nta-miR6019 and nta-miR6020 resulted in attenuation of N-mediated resistance to TMV, indicating that these miRNAs have functional roles in NB-LRR regulation. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified six additional 22-nt miRNA and two 21-nt miRNA families from three Solanaceae species—tobacco, tomato, and potato. We show that members of these miRNA families cleave transcripts of predicted functional R genes and trigger production of phased secondary 21-nt siRNAs. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for miRNAs and secondary siRNAs in NB-LRR/LRR immune receptor gene regulation and pathogen resistance in Solanaceae.
Individualism/Collectivism Orientations and Reactions Toward Alternative Human Resource Management Practices

In this study, we examined the relationship between individualism collectivism orientations of potential job seekers and their reactions toward alternative human resource management (HRM) practices in the areas of selection, performance appraisal, reward system, career system, and employment security. Using several subdimensions of individualism collectivism, we found many significant relationships between individualism collectivism orientations and preferences for alternative human resource management practices that might affect the effectiveness of alternative HRM practices.
Anger in Pathological Gambling: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the association between pathological gambling (PG) and anger by assessing whether psychopathology and personality are related to PG and to evaluate gender differences. The sample comprised 71 PGs and 37 healthy controls. Anger, psychopathology and personality were assessed with the STAXI-2, SCL-90-R and TCI-R respectively. Gender did not affect anger expression after stratifying by diagnostic condition (p > .05). Among PG patients, anger, psychopathology and personality measures were correlated with good effect-size (r > .30). Scores in the Anger Temperament (B = 0.21, p = .038) and Anger External-Expression (B = 0.27, p = .029) scales were positively associated with PG severity scores. Anger expression in PG should be considered in future treatment programs.
Perspectives on work–family issues in China: the voices of young urban professionals

Young Chinese urban professionals anticipating entry into the workforce were interviewed and surveyed on their experiences with and expectations about balancing work and family issues. The objectives of our study were to assess the salience of the work–life issue for this understudied population, identify actions that the employee and the employer (manager) might take to address the issue of work–family balance, and identify contextual factors that enhance and inhibit an individual's efforts to balance work and family. Results of this study suggest that the challenge of balancing work and family is a significant issue for this generation of young Chinese professionals. Also, they likely have different experiences and expectations than has been indicated from previous studies of work–family issues in the context of China. Our study has practical relevance not only for individuals, but also for managers and organizations that want to consider potential family-friendly policies or other strategies to recruit and retain new professionals entering the Chinese workforce.
The Changing Face of Job Loss in the United States, 1981-1993

I examine changes in the incidence and consequences of job loss by reported cause between 1981 and 1993 using data from Displaced Workers Surveys (DWS), conducted as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS) in even years since 1984. The overall rate of job loss is up somewhat in the 1990s. The increase in job loss is larger for older and more educated workers, but younger and less-educated workers continue to have the highest rates of job loss. Some significant changes are also found in the rate of job loss by reported reason. Next I examine the consequences of displacement for several post- displacement labor market outcomes, including the probability of employment, full-time/part-time status, the change in earnings, job stability, and self-employment status. The adverse consequences of job loss, which have always been substantial, do not appear to have changed systematically over time. More educated workers suffer less economic loss relative to income due to displacement than do the less educated. Self-employment appears to be an important response to displacement, and older workers and the more educated are more likely to turn to self-employment.
The yeast SLY gene products, suppressors of defects in the essential GTP-binding Ypt1 protein, may act in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport

It has been shown previously that defects in the essential GTP-binding protein, Ypt1p, lead to a block in protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we report that four newly discovered suppressors of YPT1 deletion (SLY1-20, SLY2, SLY12, and SLY41) to a varying degree restore ER-to-Golgi transport defects in cells lacking Ypt1p. These suppressors also partially complement the sec21-1 and sec22-3 mutants which lead to a defect early in the secretory pathway. Sly1p-depleted cells, as well as a conditional lethal sly2 null mutant at nonpermissive temperatures, accumulate ER membranes and core-glycosylated invertase and carboxypeptidase Y. The sly2 null mutant under restrictive conditions (37 degrees C) can be rescued by the multicopy suppressor SLY12 and the single-copy suppressor SLY1-20, indicating that these three SLY genes functionally interact. Sly2p is shown to be an integral membrane protein.
Increased probiotic or prebiotic (resistant starch) intake does not significantly affect isoflavone bioavailability in subjects consuming a high soy diet.

Abstract Objective: Probiotics and prebiotics that affect gut microflora balance and its associated enzyme activity maycontribute to inter-individual variation in isoflavone absorption following soy intake, possibly enhancingisoflavone bioavailability. This study examined the effects of the consumption of a probiotic (bioactiveyogurt) or a prebiotic (resistant starch) in combination with high soy intake, on soy isoflavone bioavailability.Research Methods and Procedures: Using a crossover design, chronic soy consumption was compared withsoy plus either probiotic or prebiotic foods in older male and postmenopausal females (n = 31). Isoflavonebioavailability was assessed at the beginning and end of each 5 week dietary period by sampling plasma andurine after a standardized soy meal. Results: Chronic soy intake did not significantly affect plasma or urinaryisoflavones following the soy meal and there were no significant effects of either probiotic or prebiotictreatment. However, there were trends for increased circulating plasma daidzein and genistein after theprobiotic treatment and for increased plasma daidzein and genistein 24 h post soy intake with the prebiotictreatment. Neither probiotic nor prebiotic treatment induced or increased equol production, though therewas a trend for increased plasma equol in “equol-positive” subjects (n = 12) after probiotic treatment.Conclusion: The weak or absence of effects of probiotic or prebiotic supplement to a chronic soy dietsuggests that gut microflora were not modified in a manner that significantly affected isoflavonebioavailability or metabolism.
The Role of Metaphors in Organization Transformation

Transformation is inevitable for the survival of some organizations. It is argued that metaphors may be a helpful tool for a successful transformation if carefully chosen. Two kinds of methaphors are discussed which describe different transformation processes and outcomes. Illustrations are given for both kinds of metaphors, and the argument is substantiated with examples from a case study about an organization transformation. The use of multiple and adaptive metaphors allowed a wide range for action in that particular case.
‘On the edge of a whirlpool’: Living with a fear of needle procedures

i Acknowledgements ii Glossary vii Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Part A – Setting the Scene 1 Origins of the Study 2 The Terminology 3 Part B – Defining Needle Phobia 5 The Neurophysiology of Needle Phobia 6 Aetiology of Needle Phobia 10 Prevalence 11 Significance 12 Part C – The Philosophical Basis of the Study 14 The Embodied Self 14 Hearing and Telling Stories 15 Phenomenology and Hermeneutic Analysis 15 The Development of Self Identity 16 The Research Gap 17 Chapter 2 Literature Review 19 The Paediatric Setting and Venepuncture 19 The Challenge of Researching Needle Phobia 21 The Role of Fear and Disgust 22 Case Studies 24 Imaging Studies 25 Qualitative Research on Needle Phobia 25
Multiplicity of Emotions in Moral Judgment and Motivation

Multiple moral emotions were examined from a dynamic motivational framework through two hypothetical dilemmas that originate from the cognitive-developmental research program in morality. A questionnaire based on recognition task measurement of moral motivation and emotions was administered to 546 college students. As part of the dynamic complexity of moral motivation, intrapersonal operation of multiple emotions were expected and found toward each emotion target in each judgment context. Compassion and distress were among the most important moral emotions. Relatively strong degrees of anger and hate were reported toward the victimizers in ways that distinguished judgment choices. Participants distinguished a variety of positive emotions from anger and hate through differential associations with judgment choices. The study revealed orderly patterns of variability in the multiplicity of moral emotional experience based on relations with specific emotion targets, judgment choices, and developmental quality of moral motivation. The overall developmental quality of moral motivation was negatively associated with hate and positively associated with anger toward the victimizers. Emotional awareness was also found to be positively related to the developmental quality of moral motivation. Exploring the intrapersonal multiplicity of moral emotional experience has important implications for understanding the complexity of moral decision making and motivation.
Gamma-Ray Bursts: Progress, Problems & Prospects

The cosmological gamma-ray burst (GRB) phenomenon is reviewed. The broad observational facts and empirical phenomenological relations of the GRB prompt emission and afterglow are outlined. A well-tested, successful fireball shock model is introduced in a pedagogical manner. Several important uncertainties in the current understanding of the phenomenon are reviewed, and prospects of how future experiments and extensive observational and theoretical efforts may address these problems are discussed.
Community-based Heritage Management: a case study and agenda for research

Heritage sites regarded as important are safely managed by the state, voluntary or private sectors but the majority of sites, despite statutory protection, remain unrecognised and without a role in their host communities. New schemes such as the Local Heritage Initiative in the UK aim to encourage communities to recognise their heritage assets and in managing them effectively to contribute to their preservation. With reference to the case of Nether Poppleton near York (UK), the present study explores the factors and conditions for effective community management displayed in one locality by groups who are successfully conserving and managing a diverse set of local heritage sites. Interviews and joint tasks enabled an analysis of the complex range of factors and conditions that can lead to a successful community-based initiative. Future research will determine the extent to which these factors, if applied to other sites, might produce the same results. The importance of this agenda is underscored by the increasing reliance on community-based heritage management in the UK and elsewhere.
Attrition in the Swiss Household Panel

In this paper, we analyze magnitude and possible selectivity of attrition in first wave respondents in the Swiss Household Panel (SHP), from wave two (2000) through wave seven (2005). After comparing attrition of first wave respondents with that of other panel surveys, we proceed to model selectivity of attrition in two steps: we first build separate wave-to-wave models, and second a longitudinal all-wave model. The latter model includes wave interaction effects. The first models allow for tracing of selectivity development, i.e. whether an initial selectivity might compensate or cumulates over time, the second to assessing the effects of the covariates in a specific wave, controlling for the base attrition effect. In particular it allows for the analysis of consequences due to discrete fieldwork events. Our results support the findings in the literature: attritors are in general the younger people and the males, foreigners, the socially and politically “excluded”, i.e. those who show little social and political interest and participation, those who are mostly dissatisfied with various aspects in their life, and those who live in households with high unit nonresponse, and who exhibit a worse reporting behavior. This pattern is rather cumulative than compensating over panel waves. Excessive attrition in two waves presumably caused by two discrete events in the panel is not particularly selective. Still existing variation in selective attrition is worth to be further explored.