Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon utilization profile of the filamentous fungal species Fusarium fujikuroi, Penicillium decumbens, and Sarocladium strictum isolated from marine coastal environments

Abstract Facultative marine filamentous fungi have recently emerged as a functional component in coastal marine systems. However, little is known about their ecological role and functions in biogeochemical cycles. Penicillium decumbens, S. strictum, and F. fujikuroi were isolated from the coastal upwelling zone off south-central Chile. Their carbon profiles were characterized using Biolog FF MicroPlates. These species used a wide range of carbon sources, mainly carbohydrates, but also amino acids, suggesting the use of metabolic routes that include glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Substrate richness revealed a great capacity for the utilization of nutritional sources, reflected by the following Shannon Indices of utilization of specific substrates: 4.02 for S. strictum, 4.01 for P. decumbes, and 3.91 for F. fujikuroi, which reveals a high physiological capacity for oxidizing different substrates. Significant differences were found between 18 substrates utilized by all three species. Results suggest that filamentous fungi should be considered an integral part of the marine microbial community and included in biogeochemical cycling models of upwelling ecosystems.
Internal Bone Architecture in the Zygoma of Human and Pan

The internal and external anatomy of the primate zygoma is central to orofacial function, health, and disease. The importance of variation in its gross morphology across extinct and extant primate forms has been established using finite element analysis, but its internal structure has yet to be explored. In this study, µCT is used to characterize trabecular bone morphometry in two separate regions of the zygoma of humans and Pan. Trabecular anisotropy and orientation are compared with strain orientations observed in trabecular regions of finite element models of four Pan crania. The results of this study show that trabecular bone morphometry, anisotropy, and orientation are highly compatible with strain orientation and magnitude in the finite element models. Trabecular bone in the zygoma is largely orthotropic (with bone orientation differing in three mutually orthogonal directions), with its primary orientation lying in the mediolateral direction. Trabecular bone in the zygomatic region appears to be highly influenced by the local strain environment, and thus may be closely linked to orofacial function. Anat Rec, 299:1704–1717, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of fermented total mixed rations on the growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics of Hanwoo steers.

This study was conducted to assess the effects of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on the growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits of Hanwoo steers. The present study evidenced that the FTMR had a strong effect on dry matter intake, body weight, daily gain, slaughter weight and carcass characteristics compared with control animals. The results showed that the dry matter intake (7.17 ± 0.13 kg), average body weight (615.20 ± 112.82 kg), and daily gain (0.56 ± 0.16 kg) were greater in animals receiving FTMR than in control animals (P < 0.05). The meat quality characteristics indicated that cooking loss and the pH values did not vary between control and FTMR treated animals; however, animals in the treated groups (FTMR) had higher meat quality grades, carcass weight (396.13 ± 18.35), fat thickness (13.25 ± 1.75), marbling score (5.63 ± 0.56), meat color (40.06 ± 1.23), crude fat (18.39 ± 1.32) and sensory characteristics (flavor 5.03 ± 0.17; tenderness 4.42 ± 0.33; juiciness 5.10 ± 0.16). Nevertheless, the shear force values decreased significantly in FTMR-treated animals compared with control group steers. Overall, FTMR may not only improve the growth performance, biochemical metabolites, and fatty and acetic acid profiles of steers, but may also enhance the carcass and meat quality characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Regarding economics, our research findings suggest that FTMR-based feeds may enhance Hanwoo steer meat quality at a low cost.
Two, Three or Four Factors? Internal and External Validity of Different Factor Models of the German Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (Zwei, drei oder vier Faktoren? Interne und externe Validität verschiedener Faktorenmodelle der deutschen Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version)

This study provides both theoretical and empirical contributions to the current discussion about the dimensional structure of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL). The German edition of the PCL screening version (PCL:SV) was used to investigate 299 male offenders in a German prison. The internal validity of the proposed two-, threeand four-dimensional models was evaluated using model tests based on classical test theory and item response theory. Theoretically expected overlaps and differences between each model’s factors and cluster B personality disorders were investigated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II). To examine the external validity of their different item sets, the power of the models to predict problem behaviour during the period of detention was compared. The parsimony adjusted model fit of both the three and four dimensional models was superior to that of the classical two factor model. The item sets used by these models showed equally good predictive power for problem behaviour. We recommend to choose the particular factor model primarily by means of the study aims instead of statistical considerations only.
Design and Electrical Characterization of 2-T Thyristor RAM With Low Power Consumption

In this letter, a Si-based two-terminal (2-T) thyristor random-access memory (TRAM) device is designed and characterized, and its operation window and power consumption are closely investigated by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. The properly scaled 2-T TRAM device has higher reliability since it can rule out impact ionization. Write time (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{\text {write}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and erase time (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{\text {erase}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) reach below 10 ns and zero energy is consumed to hold state achieving high competitiveness with the existing dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The state current ratio reaches higher than 10<sup>5</sup>. Also, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {write}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and erase voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {erase}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the 2-T TRAM appear to be below 2 and −1.2 V, respectively, in the permissible operation window, with less energy consumption compared with the conventional ones. The 2-T TRAM is a strong candidate for capacitorless DRAM technology.
Studies of the structure and properties of Ni-P and Ni-P/Si 3 N 4 surface layers deposited on aluminum by the electroless method

Purpose: The paper presents the results of studies on the structure and properties of the nickel Ni-P surface layers and composite Ni-P/Si3N4 surface layers deposited on the surfaces of aluminum 1200 (A2) and its 7075 (PA9) alloy by the electroless method. Design/methodology/approach: The aluminum substrate, the sample surfaces were treated by: degreasing, etching and zincking. The composite layers were produced from a disperse Si3N4 ceramic phase with an amorphous structure and nanometric size grains. Findings: The structure of the ceramic disperse phase Si3N4 and the layer materials was determined. The topography and morphology of the layers were examined. The content of the Si3N4 phase in the layer material was determined. The microhardness of the Ni-P and Ni-P/Si3N4 layers and of the substrate material was examined. The adhesion of the nickel phosphorus and composite layers to the aluminum substrate was determined. The results of studies of the corrosion resistance of the layers are presented. The anodic polarization characteristics, corrosion current densities and corrosion potentials were determined. The results of measurements of the impedance characteristics and the counterpart results obtained by modeling with the use of equivalent electrical circuits are presented. Both the nickel Ni-P and composite Ni-P/Si3N4 layers ensure excellent properties of the aluminum products. Practical implications: A good quality of final the nickel Ni-P surface layers and composite Ni-P/Si3N4 surface layers on the surfaces of aluminum are obtained. The surface layers are characterized by high hardness, frictional wear resistance and ensure excellent protection of the aluminum substrate against corrosion. Originality/value: The produced nickel and composite surface layers have show high hardness as well as very good resistances not only to corrosion but also to mechanical wear.
Computer Decision Support Software Safely Improves Glycemic Control in the Burn Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

The optimal method for glycemic control in the critically burned patient is unknown. The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to determine the safety and efficacy of computer decision support software (CDSS) to control serum glucose concentration in a burn intensive care unit. Eighteen adult burn/trauma patients receiving continuous insulin infusion were initially randomized to receive glucose management by a traditional paper protocol or a computer protocol (CP) for 72 hours and then crossed over to the alternate method for an additional 72 hours. Time in target glucose range (range: 80–110 mg/dl) was higher in the CP group (47 ± 17% vs 41 ± 16.6%; P ≤ .05); time over target range was not significantly reduced in the CP group (49 ± 17.8% vs 54 ± 17.1%; P = .08); and no difference was noted in time under target range of 80 mg/dl (CP: 4.5 ± 2.8%, paper protocol: 4.8 ± 3.3%; P = .8), less than 60 mg/dl (P = .7), and less than 40 mg/dl (P = 1.0). Severe hypoglycemic events (<40 mg/dl) did not differ from the CP group compared with historical controls for patients receiving no insulin (P = .6). More glucose measurements were performed in the CP group (P = .0003), and nursing staff compliance with CP recommendations was greater (P < .0001). Glycemic control using CDSS is safe and effective for the critically burned patient. Time in target range improved without increase in hypoglycemic events. CDSS enhanced consistency in practice, providing standardization among nursing staff.
Cloud albedo changes in response to anthropogenic sulfate and non-sulfate aerosol forcings in CMIP5 models

Abstract. The effects of different aerosol types on cloud albedo are analysed using the linear relation between total albedo and cloud fraction found on a monthly mean scale in regions of subtropical marine stratocumulus clouds and the influence of simulated aerosol variations on this relation. Model experiments from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) are used to separately study the responses to increases in sulfate, non-sulfate and all anthropogenic aerosols. A cloud brightening on the month-to-month scale due to variability in the background aerosol is found to dominate even in the cases where anthropogenic aerosols are added. The aerosol composition is of importance for this cloud brightening, that is thereby region dependent. There is indication that absorbing aerosols to some extent counteract the cloud brightening but scene darkening with increasing aerosol burden is generally not supported, even in regions where absorbing aerosols dominate. Month-to-month cloud albedo variability also confirms the importance of liquid water content for cloud albedo. Regional, monthly mean cloud albedo is found to increase with the addition of anthropogenic aerosols and more so with sulfate than non-sulfate. Changes in cloud albedo between experiments are related to changes in cloud water content as well as droplet size distribution changes, so that models with large increases in liquid water path and/or cloud droplet number show large cloud albedo increases with increasing aerosol. However, no clear relation between model sensitivities to aerosol variations on the month-to-month scale and changes in cloud albedo due to changed aerosol burden is found.
The double scroll family

This paper provides a rigorous mathematical proof that the double scroll is indeed chaotic. Our approach is to derive a linearly equivalent class of piecewise-linear differential equations which includes the double scroll as a special case. A necessary and sufficient condition for two such piecewise-linear vector fields to be linearly equivalent is that their respective eigenvalues be a scaled version of each other. In the special case where they are identical, we have exact equivalence in the sense of linear conjugacy. An explicit normalform equation in the context of global bifurcation is derived and parametrized by their eigenvalues. Analytical expressions for various Poincare maps are then derived and used to characterize the birth and the death of the double scroll, as well as to derive an approximate one-dimensional map in analytic form which is useful for further bifurcation analysis. In particular, the analytical expressions characterizing various half-return maps associated with the Poincare map are used in a crucial way to prove the existence of a Shilnikov-type homoclinic orbit, thereby establishing rigorously the chaotic nature of the double scroll. These analytical expressions are also fundamental in our in-depth analysis of the birth (onset of the double scroll) and death (extinction of chaos) of the double scroll. The unifying theme throughout this paper is to analyze the double scroll system as an unfolding of a large family of piecewise-linear vector fields in R^3 . Using this approach, we were able to prove that the chaotic dynamics of the double scroll is quite common, and is robust because the associated horseshoes predicted from Shilnikov's theorem are structurally stable. In fact, it is exhibited by a large family (in fact, infinitely many linearlyequivalent circuits) of vector fields whose associated piecewise-linear differential equations bear no resemblance to each other. It is therefore remarkable that the normalized eigenvalues, which is a local concept, completely determine the system's global qualitative behavior.
Assessment of Fracture Risk: Population Association Versus Individual Prediction

Tuan V Nguyen and John A Eisman Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Rectus abdominis muscle injuries in elite handball players: management and rehabilitation

Muscle injuries generally occur in two-joint muscles with a high percentage of type II fibers during the performance of eccentric activity. Some muscle injuries, such as those located in the adductor longus, a monoarticular muscle, as well as rectus abdominis do not fully comply with these requirements. This study examines five cases of elite handball players with ruptured rectus abdominals. Sonographically, lesions in rectus abdominis are shown as a disruption of the fibrillar pattern with a hematic suffusion that invades the entire lesion. In some of the cases, the ultrasound study was complemented with a MRI. A unified rehabilitation protocol was applied and the return to play time of each handball player ranged between 16 and 22 days, with an average of 18.2 days. Follow-up at 15 months showed no evidence of re-injury or residual discomfort and all of them are playing at their highest level. The aim of this study was to illustrate a feature of handball injury that, as in tennis and volleyball, is uncommon and so far has not been specifically reported. The phenomenon of contralateral abdominal hypertrophy in handball appears in the dominant arm as in tennis and volleyball.
Fribo: A Social Networking Robot for Increasing Social Connectedness through Sharing Daily Home Activities from Living Noise Data

The rapid increase in the number of young adults living alone gives rise to a demand for the resolution of social isolation problems. Social robot technologies play a substantial role for this purpose. However, existing technologies try to solve the problem only through one-to-one interaction with robots, which in turn fails to utilize the real-world social relationships. Privacy concern is an additional issue since most social robots rely on the visual information for the interactions. To this end, we propose ‘Fribo’, auditory information centered social robot that recognizes user’s activity by analyzing occupants’ living noise and shares the activity information with close friends. A four-week field study with the first prototype of Fribo confirms that activity sharing through the use of anonymized living noise promises a virtual cohabiting experience that triggers more frequent real-world social interactions with less feeling of privacy intrusion. Based on this finding and the further qualitative analysis, we suggest a design principle of sound-based social networking robots and its associated new interactions, then present the second prototype of Fribo inspired by the implications from the field study.
Physical activity as a substitute for sedentary behavior in youth

Background: Youth may choose to be sedentary rather than physically active.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use behavioral economics methods to investigate how experimental changes in the amount of sedentary behaviors influenced physical activity.Methods: Fifty-eight 8-to 16-year-old youth were studied in a within-subject crossover design with three 3-week phases: baseline, increasing, and decreasing targeted sedentary behaviors by 25% to 50%. Results: At baseline, boys were more active than girls (518.9 vs. 401.2 accelerometer counts/min, p = .02), and obese youth more sedentary than nonobese youth (240.5 vs. 174.4 min/day, p = .003). During the increase sedentary behavior phase, targeted sedentary behaviors increased by 52.1%, with girls increasing sedentary behaviors more than boys (114.7 vs. 79.8 min/day, p = .04). Physical activity decreased (−48.3 counts/min, p < .01) when sedentary behaviors increased, with obese youth decreasing total and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) more than nonobese youth (−110.4 vs. 8.9 counts/min, p < .001; −3.3 vs. −.03%MVPA, p = .013). During the decrease sedentary behavior phase, targeted sedentary behaviors decreased by 55.6% from baseline as nonobese youth increased physical activity, whereas obese youth decreased physical activity (55.8 vs. −48.0 counts/min, p = .042; 1.1 vs. −2.1 % MVPA, p = .021). Youth who substituted physical activity when sedentary behaviors were increased had greater standardized body mass index (z-body mass index = 1.4 vs. 0.4, p = .018), whereas youth who substituted physical activity when sedentary behaviors were decreased were less active at baseline (396.1 vs. 513.7 counts/min, p = .035). Conclusions: Behavioral economics provides a methodology to understand changes in physical activity when sedentary behaviors are modified and to identify factors associated with substitution of physically active for sedentary behaviors.
HyCell: Enabling GREEN base station operations in software-defined radio access networks

The radio access networks (RANs) need to support massive and diverse data traffic with limited spectrum and energy. To cope with this challenge, software-defined radio access network (SDRAN) architectures have been proposed to renovate the RANs. However, current researches lack the design and evaluation of network protocols. In this paper, we address this problem by presenting the protocol design and evaluation of hyper-cellular networks (HyCell), an SDRAN framework making base station (BS) operations globally resource-optimized and energy-efficient (GREEN). Specifically, we first propose a separation scheme to realize the decoupled air interface in HyCell. Then we design a BS dispatching protocol which determines and assigns the optimal BS for serving mobile users, and a BS sleeping protocol to improve the network energy efficiency. Finally, we evaluate the proposed design in our HyCell testbed. Our evaluation validates the feasibility of the proposed separation scheme, demonstrates the effectiveness of BS dispatching, and shows great potential in energy saving through BS sleeping control.
Infrared Thermal Imaging Has the Potential to Reduce Unnecessary Surgery and Delays to Necessary Surgery in Burn Patients

Clinical distinction between superficial and deep burns is problematic. The authors determined whether an infrared thermal imaging (IRTI) camera could predict burn depth. Burn depth was assessed by an experienced surgeon, and the burns were imaged with a portable, lightweight IRTI camera that measures heat emission from the skin using long infrared wavelengths (7.5–13 &mgr;m). Burns were considered “deep” if they were surgically excised and confirmed to be of full thickness on microscopic evaluation or if they did not heal spontaneously within 21 days of injury. All other burns were considered “nondeep. ” There were 39 burns that had both days 1 and 2 IRTI measurements and available outcome. Of these, 16 were “deep” burns and 23 were “nondeep. ” The mean temperatures of “nondeep” burns between days 1 and 2 increased from 30.6 ± 2.7 to 32.1 ± 3.0°C (difference of 1.5 ± 2.3°C). The mean temperatures of “deep” burns decreased from 32.3 ± 2.0 to 30.8 ± 1.3°C (difference of −1.5 ± 2.0°C) between days 1 and 2. Any decrease in temperatures between days 1 and 2 was predictive of a deep wound, and any increase between days 1 and 2 was predictive of a nondeep burn. Using the ultimate burn depth as the criterion standard, the overall accuracy of IRTI was considerably higher than that of clinical assessment; 87.2% (95% CI: 71.8–95.2) vs 54.1% (95% CI: 37.1–70.2). Any decrease in temperatures between days 1 and 2 was predictive of a deep wound. Our results suggest that thermography using IRTI is more accurate than clinical examination in predicting burn depth and could potentially reduce unnecessary surgery as well as reduce delays to surgery when necessary.
Globalizing Conservation Efforts to Save Species and Enhance Food Production

http://bioscience.oxfordjournals. org June 2014 / Vol. 64 No. 6 • BioScience 539 BioScience 64: 539–545. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu064 Advance Access publication 14 May 2014 Globalizing Conservation Efforts to Save Species and Enhance Food Production