Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Divorced Mothers' Perceptions of Family Cohesion and Adaptability to Behavior Problems in Children.

This study examined the relation between divorced mothers' perceptions of family cohesion and adaptability with children's behavior problems. Mothers, with few exceptions, reported that their children had the fewest behavior problems when they perceived family cohesion and adaptability as high and the most behavioral problems when they perceived these levels as low. These results were in accordance with D. H. Olson's model of coping with stress within nonclinical populations. In contrast, children with mothers who perceived high family cohesion or adaptability reported they had the most behavior problems. They reported on fewer behavior problems when their mothers perceived cohesion or adaptability levels as low. These findings were explained on the basis of different perceptual biases in parents and children. The auhtors hypothesized that adolescent children may require clear role boundaries and stability to promote adjustment, whereas their mothers may project their positive or negative emotional states on their assessments of children's behavior problems
Isolation , purification and identification of bacteria from the shoes worn by children

13 strains of bacteria were isolated from 12 shoes that were worn by children aged 6 to 12 for more than half a year. Through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical measurements, as well as 16SrRNA sequence analysis, the bacteria were identified as follows: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis (5 subspecies), Bacillus spore (3 subspecies), Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus thuringiensis. The results may contribute to the selection of efficient antimicrobial agents for children's shoes and insole.
Hiperacusia em músicos de banda militar

PURPOSE: To identify the presence of hyperacusis and to investigate the characteristics of uncomfortable sounds, as well as the behaviors triggered by the discomfort in musicians of a Military Band. METHODS: Twenty seven musicians of the Military Band of the Santa Maria Airbase (RS) were studied. Their ages ranged from 22 to 50 years old and military work time from four to 26 years, with daily occupational noise exposure time from two to eight hours. All subjects were submitted to a basic audiological evaluation, sound discomfort threshold test and application of a questionnaire. It was considered presence of hyperacusis when the average of the obtained values on the discomfort threshold in 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hertz was less than or equal to 90 decibels, associated with hearing discomfort complaint. RESULTS: It was verified presence of hyperacusis in 37% of the musicians. From these, 50% presented normal hearing and 50% had normal hearing with notch; 80% of them felt the discomfort daily and 20% only after band practice; 70% of the musicians had already avoided some activities, believing that the activity noise would be distressing; 70% of them used ear plugs regularly and 90% referred presence of tinnitus. The sounds that were considered to be distressing by hyperacusics were, predominantly, high intensity sounds. The most common emotional responses towards a distressing sound were tension, anxiety and the urge of repelling from it. CONCLUSION: According to the criteria used in this study, 37% of the studied individuals were classified as hyperacusics, which considered predominantly high intensity sounds to be unpleasant. The main emotional responses before these sounds were: tension, anxiety and the need to repel from the sound. The common characteristics among the subjects classified as hyperacusics were: normal hearing, use of ear plugs, avoidance of activities fearing the discomfort caused by the noise, and the presence of tinnitus.
Enhanced Classification of Abnormal Gait Using BSN and Depth

Changes in gait can be caused by a wide range of health complications. As deviations in gait may be an indicator of deteriorating health, abnormalities can be used as a surrogate measure for detecting the onset of certain symptoms. Previous studies have demonstrated the value of wearable sensing for gait analysis. This paper demonstrates the added value of using a depth vision sensor combined with wearable sensors for gait analysis. It also presents a method for extracting a robust set of depth features. The preliminary results from a simulated homecare environment using a three-layer artificial neural network classifier demonstrate the advantages of using a depth sensor for gait analysis.
Using Material Authenticity in the Saudi English Textbook Design: A Content Analysis from the Viewpoint of EFL Teachers

This study attempts to identify the extent of using authentic materials in the new series of secondary English textbooks (Flying High for Saudi Arabia) used currently in Saudi schools. Therefore, a content analysis instrument has been designed to analyze the first secondary English textbook. The instrument has been distributed on 112 EFL female teachers who work in public Secondary schools in Riyadh city. The findings show that the selected textbook focuses to a moderate extent on using material authenticity. The provided materials promote genuine communication among EFL learners, prepare learners for the future uses of the target language and present authentic language in its actual contexts. However, the findings reveal that the used materials are beyond the learners' level and the reading comprehension activities present real life texts at a poor range. These findings suggest to adjust the given materials to fulfill the learners' needs and match their proficiency level. Keywords: Authenticity, Authentic materials, Textbook, Communication, Syllabus design
FLOW ABOUT LOW-CONDUCTIVITY FRACTURES IN AN UNSATURATED POROUS MEDIUM

Many flows observed in subsurface rock formations are unsaturated flows through a medium containing fractures. In cases where the fracture voids are small and nonconnective, one finds that little flow occurs within those voids. Under these conditions, the fractures act as barriers which impede background flow in the underlying matrix. From a computational point of view, discrete modeling of these fractures in flow simulations is impractical not only due to the small size of the fractures, but also because the fractures often represent singularities in the flow field. In general, the background flow through unsaturated porous media is highly nonlinear because of the strong dependence of the hydraulic conductivity on the suction head. For analytical studies, a two-parameter exponential model for the conductivity has been used in conjunction with a Kirchhoff transformation to cast the nonlinear governing equation into a linear form which is more amenable to solution. In this research, simple problems were analyzed using a boundary element numerical implementation of this transformation approach which was applied to characterize the influence of fractures upon the effective hydraulic conductivity of the medium. K EYWORDS: boundary element, effective conductivity, fracture, porous media, unsaturated
Relation between trends in body temperature and outcome in incident hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Various biochemical and physiological variables are related to outcome in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the prognostic implications of trends in body temperature (BT) in this population have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between trends in BT and outcome in incident HD patients. METHODS Six thousand seven hundred and forty-two incident HD patients without thyroid disease from the Renal Research Institute were followed for 1 year. Patients were divided into tertiles of initial pre-dialysis BT (Tertile 1: ≤ 36.47°C, Tertile 2: > 36.47 to 36.71°C and Tertile 3: > 36.7°C) and further classified according to the change in BT (increased: > 0.01°C/month, decreased: less than -0.01°C/month and stable, with change between - 0.01 and + 0.01°C/month) during the first year of treatment. The reference group is Tertile 2 of initial temperature with stable BT. Cox regression was used for survival analyses. Analyses were repeated for patients who survived the first year and were treated for ≥ 1 month in Year 2. RESULTS BT decreased in 2903 patients, remained stable in 2238 patients and increased in 1601 patients. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were higher for those groups in whom, irrespective of the initial BT, BT increased or declined, as compared to the reference group during follow-up (HR between 1.46 and 2.27). CONCLUSIONS The best survival was observed in the group with the highest BT at baseline and stable BT during the follow-up period (HR 0.50).
Leave Your Job at Work

Even though work–family conflict has been linked to negative outcomes for both correctional facilities and staff, little research has been conducted on how workplace factors may be related to it. This study tested nine hypotheses based on the job demand–resource model. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis of survey data from 160 staff revealed that while most job demand variables (i.e., the role stressors of role conflict, role overload, and perceived dangerousness) predicted work–family conflict, the same did not hold for job resource variables (i.e., the workplace factors of job autonomy, supervision, job variety, instrumental communication, and integration).
The URA5 gene encoding orotate‐phosphoribosyl transferase of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis: Cloning, sequencing and use as a selectable marker

A pair of degenerate primers was used for amplification and cloning of an internal fragment of the K. lactis URA5 gene. Primers were designed on the basis of highly conserved motifs within protein sequences predicted for URA5 genes from several microorganisms. Using the amplified fragment as a probe, we finally cloned and sequenced a 1·9 kb chromosomal fragment containing the orotate‐phosphoribosyltransferase‐encoding URA5 gene and an incomplete open reading frame strikingly similiar to SEC65 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts, in which the gene encodes a subunit of the signal recognition particle. Uracil‐requiring mutants of K. lactis CBS 683 were selected on media containing 5‐fluoro‐orotic acid and used as recipients in transformation experiments using K. lactis URA5 as the selectable marker, thereby proving functionality of the cloned gene. The sequence presented here has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession No. AJ001358. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stigma in leprosy: concepts, causes and determinants.

BACKGROUND Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that has stigmatised people affected since ancient times until now. This has resulted in difficulties in the lives of those affected. PURPOSE This literature review was conducted to understand the concept, causes, and determinants of stigma in leprosy. METHOD Electronic searches were undertaken using PubMed (Medline), CINAHL and PsycInfo databases. The internet was searched through Google Scholar for papers not found in these databases. The main inclusion criteria were papers related to stigma or leprosy written in Thai or English. RESULTS After searching the databases, 84 papers were identified, 3 were removed because of duplication and parallel publication, and 20 were removed on abstract screening. After reading 61 full papers, 7 were excluded. Finally, 54 were included in this review. It was found that the concept of stigma involves not only characteristics considered undesirable, but also the social context of the individual or group. Reported causes and determinants of stigma related to leprosy are the external manifestations of the disease, cultural and religious beliefs, fear of transmission, association with people considered inferior and public health-related interventions. CONCLUSION Stigma is a complex phenomenon that has multiple causes, often linked to the cultural context in which it occurs. Despite this, many similarities were found in leprosy-related stigma across countries and cultures, which would facilitate the development of interventions.
Monarch butterfly migration and parasite transmission in eastern North America

Seasonal migration occurs in many animal systems and is likely to influence interactions between animals and their parasites. Here, we focus on monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) and a protozoan parasite (Ophryocystis elektroscirrha) to investigate how host migration affects infectious disease processes. Previous work showed that parasite prevalence was lower among migratory than nonmigratory monarch populations; two explanations for this pattern are that (1) migration allows animals to periodically escape contaminated habitats (i.e., migratory escape), and (2) long‐distance migration weeds out infected animals (i.e., migratory culling). We combined field‐sampling and analysis of citizen science data to examine spatiotemporal trends of parasite prevalence and evaluate evidence for these two mechanisms. Analysis of within‐breeding‐season variation in eastern North America showed that parasite prevalence increased from early to late in the breeding season, consistent with the hypothesis of migratory escape. Prevalence was also positively related to monarch breeding activity, as indexed by larval density. Among adult monarchs captured at different points along the east coast fall migratory flyway, parasite prevalence declined as monarchs progressed southward, consistent with the hypothesis of migratory culling. Parasite prevalence was also lower among monarchs sampled at two overwintering sites in Mexico than among monarchs sampled during the summer breeding period. Collectively, these results indicate that seasonal migration can affect parasite transmission in wild animal populations, with implications for predicting disease risks for species with threatened migrations.
MAVS Protein Is Attenuated by Rotavirus Nonstructural Protein 1

Rotavirus is the single, most important agent of infantile gastroenteritis in many animal species, including humans. In developing countries, rotavirus infection attributes approximately 500,000 deaths annually. Like other viruses it establishes an intimate and complex interaction with the host cell to counteract the antiviral responses elicited by the cell. Among various pattern recognition receptors (PAMPs) of the host, the cytosolic RNA helicases interact with viral RNA to activate the Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling protein (MAVS), which regulates cellular interferon response. With an aim to identify the role of different PAMPs in rotavirus infected cell, MAVS was found to degrade in a time dependent and strain independent manner. Rotavirus non-structural protein 1 (NSP1) which is a known IFN antagonist, interacted with MAVS and degraded it in a strain independent manner, resulting in a complete loss of RNA sensing machinery in the infected cell. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report on NSP1 functionality where a signaling protein is targeted unanimously in all strains. In addition NSP1 inhibited the formation of detergent resistant MAVS aggregates, thereby averting the antiviral signaling cascade. The present study highlights the multifunctional role of rotavirus NSP1 and reinforces the fact that the virus orchestrates the cellular antiviral response to its own benefit by various back up strategies.
Adherence to Guideline‐Recommended Therapy Is Associated With Decreased Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Major Adverse Limb Events Among Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease

Background Current guidelines recommend that patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) cease smoking and be treated with aspirin, statin medications, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The combined effects of multiple guideline‐recommended therapies in patients with symptomatic PAD have not been well characterized. Methods and Results We analyzed a comprehensive database of all patients with claudication or critical limb ischemia (CLI) who underwent diagnostic or interventional lower‐extremity angiography between June 1, 2006 and May 1, 2013 at a multidisciplinary vascular center. Baseline demographics, clinical data, and long‐term outcomes were obtained. Inverse probability of treatment propensity weighting was used to determine the 3‐year risk of major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) and major adverse limb events (MALE; major amputation, thrombolysis, or surgical bypass). Among 739 patients with PAD, 325 (44%) had claudication and 414 (56%) had CLI. Guideline‐recommended therapies at baseline included use of aspirin in 651 (88%), statin medications in 496 (67%), ACE inhibitors in 445 (60%), and smoking abstention in 528 (71%) patients. A total of 237 (32%) patients met all four guideline‐recommended therapies. After adjustment for baseline covariates, patients adhering to all four guideline‐recommended therapies had decreased MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.89; P=0.009), MALE (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.83; P=0.005), and mortality (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.82; P=0.003), compared to patients receiving less than four of the recommended therapies. Conclusions In patients with claudication or CLI, combination treatment with four guideline‐recommended therapies is associated with significant reductions in MACE, MALE, and mortality.
Longevity and reasons for failure of sandwich and total-etch posterior composite resin restorations.

PURPOSE To investigate longevity and reasons for failure of Class II posterior composite restorations (PCRs) placed with or without a lining of glass-ionomer cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred fifty-eight Class II PCR placed in 248 patients (110 male, 138 female, age 18 to 80) by two dentists in a general practice between 1988 and 1997 were retrospectively examined from the patient files. The restorations were placed either with a total-etch technique or with a resin-modified glass-ionomer lining placed on the dentin. Items recorded were date of placement, date of last check-up visit, tooth number, and restored surfaces. Date of replacement and reason for failure of the PCR was recorded. A restoration was clinically acceptable when still in function and acceptable at the last check-up visit. Additionally, the caries risk for each patient was estimated by the treating clinician. Life tables and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to express survival rates. A Cox regression was applied to assess the influence of variables on survival. RESULTS Three hundred seventy-six total-etch PCRs and 82 PCRs with a lining were investigated. After 9 years, survival percentages of 88.1% for total-etch restorations and 70.5% for restorations with a resin-modified glass-ionomer lining were found. The most important reasons for failure were fracture and caries. Predominantly, failures started occurring after 3 to 4 years of clinical service. Results of the Cox regression show that the presence of a lining and high risk for caries significantly increased the failure rate of the restorations. CONCLUSION PCRs placed with a resin-modified glass-ionomer lining clinically showed more frequent fractures than PCRs placed with a total-etch technique.
A survey of sleeping difficulties in an Australian population.

The percentage of 216 respondents to a telephone study in Adelaide reporting that they “often have difficulty” with various aspects of sleep ranged from 13 per cent-20 per cent, a prevalence at least as great as in Northern hemisphere populations. There were few overall differences between men and women in reporting sleep difficulties. Older people, particularly men, reported more nocturnal awakening and early morning awakening. Older people reported less daytime drowsiness and less insufficient sleep yet also reported more medical advice and medication for sleep problems. For many older people counselling and the provision of information may be more appropriate than hypnotic drug prescription. Delayed sleep phase syndrome was identified in about 6–7 per cent of the sample. This problem is associated with insufficient sleep and daytime drowsiness, and is therefore considered as a significant health problem in the community. The paper identifies some possible non-drug treatments for delayed sleep phase syndrome.
Oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) protects cells from DNA double‐strand break damage following methylmercury (MeHg) exposure

MeHg is a potent neurotoxin, teratogen and probable carcinogen, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although MeHg causes several types of DNA damage, the toxicological consequences of this macromolecular damage are unknown. MeHg also enhances oxidative stress, which can cause various oxidative DNA lesions that are primarily repaired by OGG1. Thus, we investigated the potential protective role of OGG1 in MeHg‐induced DNA damage using OGG1‐deficient (Ogg1−/−) murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with impaired capacity to repair oxidatively damaged DNA. The response of wild‐type (WT) and Ogg1−/− MEFs to low micromolar concentrations of MeHg was compared by measuring clonogenic efficiency, cell cycle arrest and generation of DNA double‐strand breaks. Ogg1−/− cells exhibited greater sensitivity to MeHg than WT controls as measured by the clonogenic assay. Both WT and Ogg1−/− cells underwent cell cycle arrest when exposed to MeHg; however, double‐strand break induction was exacerbated in Ogg1−/− cells compared to WT controls. Thus, impaired DNA repair capacity enhances cellular sensitivity to MeHg, indicating that the genotoxic properties of MeHg may contribute to its neurotoxic effects, and that an individual's response to DNA damage may be a determinant of risk. Support: CIHR doctoral scholarship (SLO); Cancer Research Society & Province of Ontario Early Researcher Award (JPM); CIHR (PGW).
Experimental Investigations on an Autonomous Load Shutdown Mechanism in Respect to Voltage Stability in Automotive Power Nets

The power demand in 14V automotive power nets has steadily increased in recent years. On the one hand, more and more comfort electronics have been integrated. On the other hand, previously hydraulically driven chassis control systems have been replaced by electrically powered systems in order to increase efficiency. This trend has led to a drastic increase of the load's combined peak power. For this reason, voltage stability has become an important design criterion of automotive power nets. This paper experimentally investigates the influence of an autonomous load shutdown mechanism on voltage stability. The mechanism temporarily shuts down non-safety-critical heating systems with high continuous power consumption, e.g. seat heaters. This mechanism is implemented on a generic ECU hardware. In order to achieve the most realistic behavior of the system, the hardware is integrated into a 14V power net test bench, consisting of a car chassis and the wiring harness. Concluding measurements reveal that this mechanism is able to increase the terminal voltage at the most critical positions of the power net by about 1V.