Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of task demands on spatial stimulus-response compatibility

Summary. Two experiments explored the impact of task demands on spatial stimulus-response compatibility. Task demands were manipulated to either emphasize stationary or dynamic aspects (positions or movements) in both stimuli and responses. For matched task configurations where the same features are emphasized for stimuli and responses results indicate a strong impact of task requirements on the relative magnitude of position-based vs. direction-based compatibility effects. For unmatched tasks where different features are emphasized in stimuli and responses results suggest that information about movement direction is recoded into position information, specifying the direction of stimulus or response movements in terms of their respective endpoint positions. Further, in some task configurations, an unexpected inverted direction-based compatibility effect was observed which can be explained in terms of referential coding. Referential coding acts to specify the position of a fixed stimulus relative to a movi.
PaFlexPepDock: Parallel Ab-Initio Docking of Peptides onto Their Receptors with Full Flexibility Based on Rosetta

Structural information related to protein–peptide complexes can be very useful for novel drug discovery and design. The computational docking of protein and peptide can supplement the structural information available on protein–peptide interactions explored by experimental ways. Protein–peptide docking of this paper can be described as three processes that occur in parallel: ab-initio peptide folding, peptide docking with its receptor, and refinement of some flexible areas of the receptor as the peptide is approaching. Several existing methods have been used to sample the degrees of freedom in the three processes, which are usually triggered in an organized sequential scheme. In this paper, we proposed a parallel approach that combines all the three processes during the docking of a folding peptide with a flexible receptor. This approach mimics the actual protein–peptide docking process in parallel way, and is expected to deliver better performance than sequential approaches. We used 22 unbound protein–peptide docking examples to evaluate our method. Our analysis of the results showed that the explicit refinement of the flexible areas of the receptor facilitated more accurate modeling of the interfaces of the complexes, while combining all of the moves in parallel helped the constructing of energy funnels for predictions.
Disability and political participation in Ghana: an alternative perspective

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) rarely attain political positions in Ghana. This relates more to the scenario of PWDs as candidates contesting for political position than the mere participation as voters. The core objective of this article is to examine the extent to which local politics remain directly accessible to PWDs in Ghana. In specific terms, this study seeks to analyse the context within which PWDs strive for political inclusion into the local government system, to identify and examine the factors impeding the participation of PWDs in local politics. Findings from the survey linked the inadequate political representation of PWDs to multiple factors, namely: (1) stigmatization and negative social perception regarding the capabilities of PWDs, (2) lack of resources, including financial and logistical support, required for effective campaign, (3) accessibility challenges relating to the built environment, communication and information access and (4) educational background of PWDs. Flowing from thes.
Lung segmentectomy: does it offer a real functional benefit over lobectomy?

Anatomical segmentectomy has been developed to offer better pulmonary function preservation than lobectomy, in stage IA lung cancer. Despite the retrospective nature of most of the studies and the lack of randomised studies, a substantial body of literature today allows us to evaluate to what extent lung function decreases after segmentectomy and whether segmentectomy offers a real functional benefit over lobectomy. From the available series, it emerges that the mean decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) is low, ranging from −9% to −24% of the initial value within 2 months and −3 to −13% 12 months after segmentectomy. This reduction in lung function is significantly lower than that induced by lobectomy, but saves only a few per cent of pre-operative FEV1. Moreover, the published results do not firmly establish the functional benefit of segmentectomy over lobectomy in patients with poor lung function. Some issues remain to be addressed, including whether video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy may preserve lung function better than VATS lobectomy in patients with poor lung function, especially within the early days after surgery, and whether this may translate to lowering the functional limit for surgery. Eventually, trials comparing stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy, radiofrequency ablation and segmentectomy functional consequences are warranted. Lung segmentectomy offers mild post-operative to small long-term functional benefits over lobectomy http://ow.ly/dcPQ30fuCU9
Postnatal Glucose Homeostasis in Late-Preterm and Term Infants

This report provides a practical guide and algorithm for the screening and subsequent management of neonatal hypoglycemia. Current evidence does not support a specific concentration of glucose that can discriminate normal from abnormal or can potentially result in acute or chronic irreversible neurologic damage. Early identification of the at-risk infant and institution of prophylactic measures to prevent neonatal hypoglycemia are recommended as a pragmatic approach despite the absence of a consistent definition of hypoglycemia in the literature.
The Meaning of the US Social Forum: A Reply to Whitaker and Bello's Debate on the Open Space

Th e achievements of the US Social Forum (USSF) contribute a great deal to debates concerning the future of the overall Social Forum process. In a recent exchange Walden Bello and Chico Whitaker, both representatives on the International Council of the World Social Forum (WSF), disagreed on the future of the Forum. Bello, the executive director of Focus on the Global South, argued that the Forum was now at a crossroads.1 While acknowledging that the WSF had contributed a great deal to the struggle for global justice, Bello suggested that the Forum’s open space methodology, which on principle, refuses to take a collective stand on any issues even on such evident concerns as the war on Iraq and the WTO, was now inhibiting decisive political agency. He argued that there was merit to the charge that the Forum was becoming a mechanism that was disengaged from actual struggle and thus more of a carnival than an organizational event. Th e article provocatively concluded by asking “is it time for the WSF to fold up its tent and give way to new modes of global organization of resistance and transformation? ”2 Chico Whitaker, one of the founders of the WSF, replied to Bello, arguing that crossroads do not have to close roads.3 He noted that while the
The effect of a short message service maintenance treatment on body mass index and psychological well‐being in overweight and obese children: a randomized controlled trial

Maintaining weight loss results in childhood obesity treatment is difficult to achieve. Self‐management techniques such as self‐monitoring are associated with increased weight loss and maintenance. This study analyzes whether self‐monitoring of lifestyle behaviours through a short message service maintenance treatment (SMSMT) via mobile phones with personalized feedback positively effects weight, lifestyle behaviours and psychological well‐being in obese children.
Improving Medication Adherence and Health Care Outcomes in a Commercial Population through a Community Pharmacy

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted set of medication management interventions offered by a community pharmacy on adherence, health care utilization, and costs within a commercial population. Patients initiating therapy within 16 drug classes from February 7, 2013, to October 6, 2013, were offered various adherence interventions by Walgreens pharmacy. Patients were linked deterministically to IMS medical and prescription databases for 6-month pre- and post-index data analysis. Walgreens patients (intervention) were matched to patients using other pharmacies (control) on drug class, index date, baseline demographics, clinical factors, utilization, and costs. Outcomes were evaluated at the intent-to-treat level using post-index differences and generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression model. Paired t tests (continuous variables) and McNemar's test (dichotomous variables) were used to determine the significance of estimated model coefficients at α = 0.05. The groups (n = 72,410 each) had similar age (47.1 vs. 45.7 years), sex (41.2% vs. 40.2% male), and disease burden (0.52 vs. 0.40 mean Charlson comorbidity index). In the 6-month post-index period, the intervention group had 3.0% greater medication adherence, 1.8% fewer hospital admissions, 2.7% fewer emergency room (ER) visits, and 0.53 fewer mean outpatient visits compared to the control group (all P < 0.0001). The intervention group incurred significantly lower GEE-adjusted pharmacy costs (−$92), outpatient costs (−$120), ER costs (−$38), and total health care costs (−$226.07) (all P < 0.0001), and higher inpatient costs ($86, P < 0.004) per patient. A multifaceted set of medication management interventions offered by a community pharmacy were associated with patients in a commercial population having significantly higher medication adherence and lower health care utilization and costs.
Comparative DNA Damage and Repair in Echinoderm Coelomocytes Exposed to Genotoxicants

The capacity to withstand and repair DNA damage differs among species and plays a role in determining an organism's resistance to genotoxicity, life history, and susceptibility to disease. Environmental stressors that affect organisms at the genetic level are of particular concern in ecotoxicology due to the potential for chronic effects and trans-generational impacts on populations. Echinoderms are valuable organisms to study the relationship between DNA repair and resistance to genotoxic stress due to their history and use as ecotoxicological models, little evidence of senescence, and few reported cases of neoplasia. Coelomocytes (immune cells) have been proposed to serve as sensitive bioindicators of environmental stress and are often used to assess genotoxicity; however, little is known about how coelomocytes from different echinoderm species respond to genotoxic stress. In this study, DNA damage was assessed (by Fast Micromethod) in coelomocytes of four echinoderm species (sea urchins Lytechinus variegatus, Echinometra lucunter lucunter, and Tripneustes ventricosus, and a sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus) after acute exposure to H2O2 (0–100 mM) and UV-C (0–9999 J/m2), and DNA repair was analyzed over a 24-hour period of recovery. Results show that coelomocytes from all four echinoderm species have the capacity to repair both UV-C and H2O2-induced DNA damage; however, there were differences in repair capacity between species. At 24 hours following exposure to the highest concentration of H2O2 (100 mM) and highest dose of UV-C (9999 J/m2) cell viability remained high (>94.6±1.2%) but DNA repair ranged from 18.2±9.2% to 70.8±16.0% for H2O2 and 8.4±3.2% to 79.8±9.0% for UV-C exposure. Species-specific differences in genotoxic susceptibility and capacity for DNA repair are important to consider when evaluating ecogenotoxicological model organisms and assessing overall impacts of genotoxicants in the environment.
Impact of CASA Radar and Oklahoma Mesonet Data Assimilation on the Analysis and Prediction of Tornadic Mesovortices in an MCS

AbstractThe impact of radar and Oklahoma Mesonet data assimilation on the prediction of mesovortices in a tornadic mesoscale convective system (MCS) is examined. The radar data come from the operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) and the Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere’s (CASA) IP-1 radar network. The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model is employed to perform high-resolution predictions of an MCS and the associated cyclonic line-end vortex that spawned several tornadoes in central Oklahoma on 8–9 May 2007, while the ARPS three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system in combination with a complex cloud analysis package is used for the data analysis. A set of data assimilation and prediction experiments are performed on a 400-m resolution grid nested inside a 2-km grid, to examine the impact of radar data on the prediction of meso-γ-scale vortices (mesovortices). An 80-min assimilation window is used in rad.
A mathematician, a physicist and a computer scientist with Asperger syndrome: Performance on folk psychology and folk physics tests

Abstract We describe three cases of very-high-functioning individuals with Asperger syndrome, two of whom are university students (in physics and computer science, respectively), and the third a professor of mathematics, and winner of the Field Medal (equivalent to the Nobel Prize). The Interest in these cases is whether there is a social-cognitive deficit, given their self-evident academic achievements. Such cases provide a rare opportunity to test for dissociations of cognitive skills, since these cases possess exceptionally high ability. These three individuals were given one test of adult-level ‘theory of mind’ (folk psychology) test involving reading mental states from photographs of the eyes, whilst showing no deficits on a control task of judging gender from the same photographs. In addition, all three cases were at control subjects clarified normative performance on the folk psychology and folk physics tests. These results strongly suggest that theory of mind (folk psychology) is independent of IQ.
Assessment and Intervention: Promoting Successful Transitions for College Students with ADHD

Based upon recent trends among college students with ADHD and dialogue among postsecondary professionals, an alternative model of assessment that transcends test-centered approaches is proposed. With an emphasis on the development of more user-friendly and practical reports, the article also addresses differential diagnosis and comorbidity, medication management, and common maladaptive behavior patterns needing assessment, treatment, and prevention. The role of postsecondary service providers in using formal and informal assessment measures to determine reasonable accommodations and effective services is explored. Finally, practices that assist students in becoming self-determined adults are recommended.
Author2Vec: Learning Author Representations by Combining Content and Link Information

In this paper, we consider the problem of learning representations for authors from bibliographic co-authorship networks. Existing methods for deep learning on graphs, such as DeepWalk, suffer from link sparsity problem as they focus on modeling the link information only. We hypothesize that capturing both the content and link information in a unified way will help mitigate the sparsity problem. To this end, we present a novel model 'Author2Vec', which learns low-dimensional author representations such that authors who write similar content and share similar network structure are closer in vector space. Such embeddings are useful in a variety of applications such as link prediction, node classification, recommendation and visualization. The author embeddings we learn are empirically shown to outperform DeepWalk by 2.35% and 0.83% for link prediction and clustering task respectively.
Job Control and Job Stressors as Predictors of Proactive Work Behavior: Is Role Breadth Self-Efficacy the Link?

Previous research showed that job stressors are positively related to proactive work behavior. This study examines if these relations can be generalized to supervisor-rated proactive behavior and if relations of job stressors (time pressure, situational constraints) and job control with proactive behavior can be explained by role breadth self-efficacy as an underlying mechanism. We used supervisor ratings of proactive behavior (personal initiative, taking charge) from 140 employees working in small and medium-sized companies. Multilevel path analyses supported a partial mediation model. Job control and time pressure were positively related to role breadth self-efficacy, and role breadth self-efficacy was positively related to proactive behavior. Job control had also a direct relation with proactive behavior. The relation between situational constraints and proactive behavior was not significant.
Inflation and Growth: New Evidence from a Panel Threshold Analysis

This paper provides new evidence on the impact of inflation on long-term economic growth for a panel of 63 industrial and non-industrial countries. Based on a modified panel threshold model, our results show that inflation hampers growth if it exceeds thresholds of 2% for industrial and 12% for non-industrial countries, respectively. Below these thresholds, however, growth effects of inflation are significantly positive. Advancing on earlier contributions, an extreme bounds analysis confirms the robustness of the empirical relationship between inflation and growth.
The Effects of Message Framing and Visual Image on Persuasion

This study examined the joint effects of message framing (gain vs. loss) and visual image (image vs. no image) on persuasion as it related to the use of dental floss and the use of sunscreen (N = 252). For both topics, the results revealed a Frame × Image interaction effect on fear. The interaction was such that the presence (vs. absence) of an image produced more fear in the loss-framed conditions. The corresponding results for gain-framed messages were inconsistent. Covariance analyses showed that fear mediated the effect of the interaction on persuasion, whereas dominant cognitive response did not. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Communication Quarterly for the following free supplemental resources: sunscreen and flossing messages of gain-visual and loss-visual. ]
Social influence in relation to current and intended physical activity among adolescents

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of social support and negative social influence from various contexts on adolescents’ current and intended physical activity. Questionnaire data were obtained from 1156 students aged 16–17 years. Relationships among variables were examined with principal component analysis and structural equation modelling. Social influence from several contexts was strongly related to current and intended physical activity, particularly among students in work preparing school programmes. Social support in a sport club context provided the strongest unique contribution to the relationship with physical activity, and social support from an outside perspective (e.g. suggestions, help to plan, and positive talk about physical activity), from the contexts school and leisure, had multidimensional effects. Social support could exist in tandem with experiences of negative social influences (e.g. complaints, critique, teasing). In conclusion, it is necessary to expand our understanding of processes that surround supportive as well as negative social influences on adolescents’ level of physical activity and distinguish between main, buffering, and intervening effects of social support.
Preserved Implicit Learning on Both the Serial Reaction Time Task and Artificial Grammar in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Thirteen nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were compared with age-matched controls on two standard tests of implicit learning. A verbal version of the Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task was used to assess sequence learning and an artificial grammar (AG) task assessed perceptual learning. It was predicted that PD patients would show implicit learning on the AG task but not the SRT task, as motor sequence learning is thought to be reliant on the basal ganglia, which is damaged in PD. Patients with PD demonstrated implicit learning on both tasks. In light of these unexpected results the research on SRT learning in PD is reconsidered, and some possible explanations for the sometimes conflicting results of PD patient samples on the SRT task are considered. Four factors which merit further study in this regard are the degree to which the SRT task relies on overt motor responses, the effects of frontal lobe dysfunction upon implicit sequence learning, the effects of cerebellar degeneration, and the degree to which the illness itself has advanced.
The Real Versus the Ideal

Marriage is a rite of passage in U.S. culture influenced by fairy-tale expectations presented in the media and perpetuated through gender role socialization. Our study tested endorsement of marriage myths and benevolent sexism as predictors of engaged heterosexual college women’s premarital relationship outcomes and psychological well-being. Women in heterosexual relationships (N = 99) completed an online questionnaire 6–12 months before their wedding. Results indicated endorsement of marriage myths predicted positive experiences, whereas benevolent sexism predicted negative experiences. However, several interactions indicated that women who rejected marriage myths but endorsed benevolent sexism showed more negative patterns including lower relationship satisfaction and confidence, lower educational expectations, and higher depression. Results are interpreted using self-discrepancy theory such that when actual and ideal experiences are congruent, higher relationship satisfaction and more positive well-being results, whereas discrepant actual–ideal experiences predict dissatisfaction and more negative well-being. These results have implications for counseling couples on holding realistic expectations for their romantic partners. Marriage counselors can advise couples about the potential negative consequences of endorsing benevolent sexism. Exposure of common myths or unrealistic expectations about one’s partner and relationship may decrease the real–ideal discrepancy and increase marital satisfaction, thus increasing the likelihood of relationship longevity.
Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network1

The authors investigate the origins of homophily in a large university community, using network data in which interactions, attributes, and affiliations are all recorded over time. The analysis indicates that highly similar pairs do show greater than average propensity to form new ties; however, it also finds that tie formation is heavily biased by triadic closure and focal closure, which effectively constrain the opportunities among which individuals may select. In the case of triadic closure, moreover, selection to “friend of a friend” status is determined by an analogous combination of individual preference and structural proximity. The authors conclude that the dynamic interplay of choice homophily and induced homophily, compounded over many “generations” of biased selection of similar individuals to structurally proximate positions, can amplify even a modest preference for similar others, via a cumulative advantage–like process, to produce striking patterns of observed homophily.