Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors: From Biological Antifreezes to Small Molecules

Recrystallization is a phenomenon that is well documented in the geological and metallurgical literature. In metallurgy, the phenomenon can be formally defined as the process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of non-deformed grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed. A more precise definition is difficult as this process is quite complex. The phenomenon of recrystallization also occurs in ice, where it is similarly defined as the growth of large ice crystals (or grains) at the expense of small ones. Regardless of the definition or context in which recrystallization is discussed, it is a thermo‐ dynamically driven process which results in an overall reduction in the free energy of the system in which it is occurring.
Teaching Anatomically-Sound Turnout

Turnout is a vital element of many dance techniques. Aesthetically, turnout is used to fulfill artistic goals related to body line and design. Mechanically, it increases the potential range of movement in certain leg gestures and facilitates movements sideways through space. Turnout involves external rotation of the femur along its long axis in relation to a stable pelvis. In an extended position of the hip with a stable pelvis, external rotation will bring the greater trochanters of the femur closer to the pelvic ischial tuberosities (“sitz bones”). While many muscle groups contribute to hip external rotation, the six deep external rotator muscles (piriformis, gemellus superior and inferior, obturator internus and externus and quadratus femoris) are particularly effective because they lack undesired secondary actions. Dance movements use external rotation in two distinct ways: weightbearing support and leg gestures. In weightbearing support, turnout contributes to pelvic stabilization, forming one of the muscular links connecting the thigh and pelvis. In leg gestures, turnout increases mechanical range of motion to the side while adding a spiraling, three-dimensional quality to the leg movement. From a dance teacher’s perspective, several common errors occur when dancers attempt to turn out their legs. These include substitution of external rotation at the knees and ankles for motion at the hip joint, an accompanying anterior (forward) pelvic tilt, and overuse of the gluteal muscles relative to the deep external rotators. In hip flexion movements such as passés, dancers often substitute horizontal abduction, in which the knee moves from the front to the side, for external rotation, overusing the sartorius muscle in the process. These technical errors are often ingenious personal solutions to intuitively-perceived limitations. For example, tilting the pelvis forward while standing slackens the ilio-femoral ligaments, permitting increased rotation of the legs in the hip socket. However, the increased stress that incorrect turnout places on several joints and muscles makes it imperative that dance teachers facilitate an anatomically-sound understanding of turnout in their students. To help dancers understand and control their turnout, teachers can provide opportunities for focused somatic explorations as well as a conceptual foundation that acts as a scaffold for these kinesthetic experiences. Since many dancers are visual, kinesthetic, and spatial learners, it is important to address multiple learning styles through pedagogical tools and methods such as anatomical drawings, model skeletons, somatic awareness exercises, palpation, self-touch, hands-on guidance, imagery, verbal cues, and spatial instructions. In particular, I find it useful to teach dancers to palpate bony landmarks and Teaching Anatomically-Sound Turnout
Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Graders' Preferred Writing Topics and Identification of Gender Markers in Stories

Approximately 600 students in grades 4, 6, and 8 listed preferred writing topics and identified gender markers they used to identify authors of 9 stories written by students at their grade level. Findings showed that students' topics and views of themselves as writers generally conformed to dominant gendered social meanings: (1) students situated girls' writing within primary territory (related to the writer's family, friends, and home life), whereas they situated boys' writing within tertiary territory (beyond the writer's immediate experience); (2) students viewed girls as more competent, conscientious writers than boys; and (3) students associated the presence of violence with male writers. Implications for instruction are discussed. Teachers need to question stereotypical gender roles and expectations and to create an environment where students question and deconstruct written texts, using writing as a tool for creating new gender meanings that transform daily experiences.
Polanyi in the Pilbara

ABSTRACT This paper outlines a ‘substantivist’ approach to the regional economy of the Pilbara in Western Australia, inspired by a constructive reinterpretation of Karl Polanyi's methodological legacy. Beyond the metaphor of embeddedness, it makes the case for a more wide-ranging methodological engagement with Polanyi's brand of substantivist socioeconomics, in dialogue with the empirical investigation of actually existing and variegated socioeconomic formations. A Polanyian optic, amongst other things, calls attention to enduring sources of heterogeneity in this distinctive regional-economic formation, even under the hegemonies extractive capitalism and neoliberal developmentalism.
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy: Cultural adaptations for application in Jordanian culture

The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to test the feasibility and acceptability of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) as implemented by Jordanian counselors working in child protection organizations and schools, and (2) to examine the effect of TF-CBT on reducing the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression symptomatology of a sample of Children with Abuse Histories in Jordan. Methods: Ten experts and four children counselors were involved in the feasibility study. Eighteen abused children referred from Community Local Organizations associated with PTSD symptoms and depression, were randomly assigned to control and TF-CBT groups. The repeated measures design and thematic content analysis method were used for analyzing qualitative and quantitative results. Results: The results indicated the possibility of implementing TF-CBT in Jordanian culture. Most TF-CBT components were accepted and evaluated positively by children, parents, and children counselors. The descriptive statistics demonstrated significant post-treatment improvements for the TF-CBT group in all outcome measures and sustainability of the treatment gains for the TF-CBT group at 4 months follow-up. The study results support other reports on the rapid effects of TF-CBT intervention on abused children with PTSD and depression.
Genome sequencing analysis of the 1.8 Mb entire human MHC class I region

Summary: The human MHC class I region spans 1.8 Mb from the MICB gene to the HLA‐F gene at the telomeric end of the HLA region. There are fewer genes recognized in this region than in the class II or class III region, probably because this region remained uncharacterized for genomic organization. Based on the 1,796,938 bp genomic sequence of the entire class I region determined in our laboratory, the complete gene structure of this region has finally emerged. This region embraces as many as 118 genes (73 known and 45 new genes) with a gene density of one gene every 15.2 kb, which is comparable to that of the gene‐rich class III region. The GC content is fairly uniform throughout the class I region, being 45.8% on average, which corresponds to the isochore HI. By investigation of genetic polymorphisms in 26 out of 758 microsatellite repeats identified in the class I region, we could reduce the critical region for Behçet's disease (associated with B5 1) and psoriasis vulgaris (associated with Cw6) to approximately 50 kb segments, between MICA and HLA‐B and between TCF19 and S, respectively. Thus, systematic large‐scale genomic sequencing provides an efficient way of identifying genes and of mapping disease‐susceptible genes in the genome.
Gain of chromosome band 7q11 in papillary thyroid carcinomas of young patients is associated with exposure to low-dose irradiation

The main consequence of the Chernobyl accident has been an increase in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) in those exposed to radioactive fallout as young children. Our aim was to identify genomic alterations that are associated with exposure to radiation. We used array comparative genomic hybridization to analyze a main (n = 52) and a validation cohort (n = 28) of PTC from patients aged <25 y at operation and matched for age at diagnosis and residency. Both cohorts consisted of patients exposed and not exposed to radioiodine fallout. The study showed association of a gain on chromosome 7 (7q11.22–11.23) with exposure (false discovery rate = 0.035). Thirty-nine percent of the exposed group showed the alteration; however, it was not found in a single case from the unexposed group. This was confirmed in the validation set. Because only a subgroup of cases in the exposed groups showed gain of 7q11.22–11.23, it is likely that different molecular subgroups and routes of radiation-induced carcinogenesis exist. The candidate gene CLIP2 was specifically overexpressed in the exposed cases. In addition, the expression of the genes PMS2L11, PMS2L3, and STAG3L3 correlated with gain of 7q11.22–11.23. An enrichment of Gene Ontology terms “DNA repair” (PMS2L3, PMS2L5), “response to DNA damage stimulus” (BAZ1B, PMS2L3, PMS2L5, RFC2), and “cell–cell adhesion” (CLDN3, CLDN4) was found. This study, using matched exposed and unexposed cohorts, provides insights into the radiation-related carcinogenesis of young-onset PTC and, with the exposure-specific gain of 7q11 and overexpression of the CLIP2 gene, radiation-specific molecular markers.
DRIVING CURRENTS FOR FLUX ROPE CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS

We present a method for measuring electrical currents enclosed by flux rope structures that are ejected within solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Such currents are responsible for providing the Lorentz self-force that propels CMEs. Our estimates for the driving current are based on measurements of the propelling force obtained using data from the LASCO coronagraphs aboard the SOHO satellite. We find that upper limits on the currents enclosed by CMEs are typically around 1010 A. We estimate that the magnetic flux enclosed by the CMEs in the LASCO field of view is a few times 1021 Mx.
Dynamic Operations of Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) for Mobile Cloud Computing Systems

In this paper, we jointly consider cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) and mobile cloud computing (MCC) in a holistic framework. In particular, we study how to dynamically operate C-RAN to enhance the end-to-end performance of MCC services in next-generation wireless networks. An intrinsic challenge in such a system is that channel state information (CSI) is outdated. With delayed CSI, only suboptimal C-RAN operations can be made if deterministic optimization techniques are applied directly. We formulate the topology configuration and rate-allocation problem with delayed CSI under a stochastic optimization framework. Such a framework maximizes MCC services' sum throughput with constraints on the response latency experienced by each MCC user. We propose an optimal policy for the stochastic optimization problem, which has the advantage of low computation cost. Offline and online algorithms are developed based on the optimal policy. Using simulation results, we show that, with the emergence of MCC and C-RAN technologies, the design and operation of future mobile wireless networks can be significantly affected by cloud computing, and the proposed scheme is capable of achieving substantial performance gains over existing schemes.
Predicting Media Appeal From Instinctive Moral Values

Zillmann's moral sanction theory defines morality subcultures for entertainment as groups of media viewers who evaluate character actions with shared value systems. However, the theory provides no a priori means to identify these shared value systems. The model of intuitive morality and exemplars incorporates a theoretical framework for identifying and testing the factors from which these shared value systems emerge. This study applies the model's framework, based on 5 “moral domains” from moral foundations theory, to test the influence of shared value systems on character perceptions and narrative appeal. A within-subject experiment varied violation of these five domains (care, fairness, ingroup loyalty, authority, and purity) and narrative resolutions (positive or negative outcomes) in 10 short narrative scenarios. The 5 domains predicted character perceptions and narrative appeal. The results are discussed in terms of the utility of these domains for understanding the reciprocal relationship between audience values and media response.
Acceptance Factors of Wearable Computing: An Empirical Investigation

Despite the vast economic potential of wearable technologies, up to now there is only little scientific research on the acceptance determinants of the wearable computing phenomenon. Therefore, the overall aim of this study is to explain psychographic factors that lead to either acceptance or resistance of wearable computing. This paper synthesises a cause and effect model of wearable computing adoption in the European market. The basis of the proposed conceptual framework builds an explorative study consisting of expert interviews and a subsequent qualitative content analysis to identify salient acceptance factors. The results indicate that the strongest factor that supports the acceptance of wearable technologies is perceived usefulness, whilst the main reason for resistance towards these technologies are perceived IT security risks. Keywords—wearable computing; technology acceptance model; perceived pervasiveness; perceived IT security; Big Five personality traits
By Design: Planning Research on Higher Education

1. Why Do Research On Higher Education? Many Questions, Many Options Our Philosophy of Research Design How This Book is Organized 2. What Are Your Questions? Why Are Research Questions So Important? Getting Specific Building on the Work of Others Correlation versus Causation The Wheel of Science 3. What Groups Do You Want to Study? Specifying the Target Population Where Should you Conduct the Study Selecting Your Sample More Than One Type of Respondent Nonresponse Bias 4. What Predictors Do You Want to Study? Types of Predictors The Important Role of Variation Other Reasons for Selecting Predictors The Integrity of Your Treatment Choosing Which Predictors to Study 5. Compared to What? Why Do You Need a Comparison Group? Randomized Control Groups: The Best Comparisons Requiring Informed Consent Volunteer Bias Comparison Groups without Random Assignment Retrospective Case-control Studies Design Effects Can Swamp Treatment Effects 6. What Are Your Outcomes? Different Kinds of Outcomes Will You Measure Status or Development Short-term versus Long-term Effects Are Your Measures Valid? 7. How Can You Improve Your Measures? What is Measurement Error? Reliability and Measurement Error Six Strategies for Improving Measurement Quality Looking at Measurement Quality 8. How Many People Should You Study? Why Is Sample Size So Important? What Size Effect Do You Want to Detect? What Type of Analysis Will You Use? Instruments Precision and Sample Size What If Students Drop Out? 9. Should You Try It out on a Small Scale? The Advantages of Pilot Studies Piloting Instruments Relational Studies Informal Small-scale Experiments Generalizing From a Small Study 10. Where Should You Go From Here? Getting Started Lessons From Our Seminar Decisions You Must Make Planning a Longer-term Research Program Reference Index
Personal Initiative and Job Performance Evaluations: Role of Political Skill in Opportunity Recognition and Capitalization

In recent years, personal initiative has been found to predict job performance. However, implicit in this direct initiative–performance relationship are more complex process dynamics that can be better understood when contextual antecedents, moderators, and mediators are considered. Drawing from perspectives of proactive behavior as a goal-directed process, a research model of personal initiative was tested in a three-study investigation intended to build upon and advance prior work. Specifically, the model indicates that climate for initiative interacts with the social astuteness dimension of political skill (i.e., opportunity recognition) to influence the demonstration of personal initiative, and this first part of the model is tested and supported in Study 1. Then, personal initiative is hypothesized to interact with the interpersonal influence dimension of political skill (i.e., opportunity capitalization) to predict supervisor assessments of job performance, and this part of the model is tested and supported in Study 2. Study 3 provided a test of the entire model and demonstrated support for moderated mediation, thus adding increased confidence in the validity of the theory and findings through constructive replication.
A novel functional haplotype in the human GNAS gene alters Galphas expression, responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation, and peri-operative cardiac performance.

AIMS Cardiac overexpression of the beta-adrenoceptor-coupled G-protein subunit Galphas in mice enhances inotropic responses to sympathetic stimulation, but evokes cardiomyopathy with increasing age. We tested whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human Galphas (GNAS) gene modulate Galphas expression and assessed functional consequences. METHODS AND RESULTS Sequencing the promoter and intron 1 of GNAS revealed 11 SNPs resulting in three common haplotypes. Haplotype *3 constructs exhibited significantly higher promoter activity than haplotypes *1 and *2, resulting in a more than 50% higher Galphas mRNA expression in homozygous *3 carriers (*3/*3) than in heterozygous (*3/-) and negative *3 (-/-) carriers (P = 0.002). Basal, Galphas- (via NaF and GTP) and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activities were also significantly higher in *3/*3 than in *3/- and -/- carriers. In contrast, direct AC activation via forskolin was independent of GNAS haplotypes. Furthermore, haemodynamic measurements in 137 coronary artery bypass patients revealed a higher cardiac index in *3/*3 carriers than in *3/- and -/- carriers (P = 0.025) associated with a lower NYHA functional class (P = 0.040) and serum NT-proBNP concentrations (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION SNPs in regulatory regions of GNAS impact upon Galphas expression and stimulated cAMP formation in human hearts in vitro and upon cardiac performance in vivo.
Detecting Targeted Attacks By Multilayer Deception

Over the past few years, enterprises are facing a growing number of highly customized and targeted attacks that use sophisticated techniques and seek after important company assets, such as customer data and intellectual property. Unlike conventional attacks, targeted attacks are operated by experts who use multiple steps to gain access to sensitive assets, and most of time, leave very few network traces behind for detection. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer deception system that provides an in depth defense against such sophisticated targeted attacks. Specifically, based on previous knowledge and patterns of such attacks, we model the attacker as trying to compromising an enterprise network via multiple stages of penetration and propose defenses at each of these layers using deception based detection. Due to multiple layers of deception, the probability of detecting such an attack will be greatly enhanced. We present a proof of concept implementation of one of the key deception methods proposed. Due to various financial constraints of an enterprise, we also model the design of the deception system as an optimization problem in order to minimize the total expected loss due to system deployment and asset compromise. We find that there is an optimal solution to deploy deception entities, and even over spending budget on more entities will only increase the total expected loss to the enterprise. Such a system
Dual Effects of d-Amphetamine on Dopamine Neurons Mediated by Dopamine and Nondopamine Receptors

By increasing dopamine (DA) release and activating feedback mechanisms, amphetamine and related psychostimulants are known to inhibit DA cell firing. Here, we report that d-amphetamine also has an excitatory effect on DA cells, which under control conditions, is masked by the inhibitory effect ofd-amphetamine and is revealed when D2-like receptors are blocked. Thus, using in vivo single-unit recording in rats, we found that the selective D2 antagonist raclopride not only blocked the inhibition induced by d-amphetamine but also enabled d-amphetamine to excite DA cells. The excitation, expressed as an increase in both firing rate and bursting, persisted when both D1- and D2-like receptors were blocked by SCH23390 and eticlopride, suggesting that it is not mediated by DA receptors. The norepinephrine uptake blocker nisoxetine mimicked the effect ofd-amphetamine, especially the increase in bursting, whereas the 5-HT uptake blocker fluoxetine produced no significant effect. Adrenergic α1 antagonists prazosin and WB4101 and the nonselective α antagonist phenoxybenzamine completely blocked increase in bursting induced by d-amphetamine and partially blocked the increase in firing rate. The α2 antagonist idazoxan and the β antagonist propranolole, however, failed to prevent d-amphetamine from producing the excitation. Thus, revising the traditional concept, this study suggests that d-amphetamine has two effects on DA cells, a DA-mediated inhibition and a non-DA-mediated excitation. The latter is mediated in part through adrenergic α1 receptors.
Human dendritic cells efficiently phagocytose adenoviral oncolysate but require additional stimulation to mature

Oncolytic adenoviruses are emerging agents for treatment of cancer by tumor‐restricted virus infection and cell lysis. Clinical trials have shown that oncolytic adenoviruses are well tolerated in patients but also that their antitumor activity needs improvement. A promising strategy toward this end is to trigger systemic and prolonged antitumor immunity by adenoviral oncolysis. Antitumor immune activation depends in large part on antigen presentation and T cell activation by dendritic cells (DCs). Thus, it is likely that the interaction of lysed tumor cells with DCs is a key determinant of such “oncolytic vaccination. ” Our study reveals that human DCs effectively phagocytose melanoma cells at late stages of oncolytic adenovirus infection, when the cells die showing preferentially features of necrotic cell death. Maturation, migration toward CCL19 and T cell stimulatory capacity of DCs, crucial steps for immune induction, were, however, not induced by phagocytosis of oncolysate, but could be triggered by a cytokine maturation cocktail. Therefore, oncolytic adenoviruses and adenoviral oncolysate did not block DC maturation, which is in contrast to reports for other oncolytic viruses. These results represent a rationale for inserting immunostimulatory genes into oncolytic adenovirus genomes to assure critical DC maturation. Indeed, we report here that adenoviral transduction of melanoma cells with CD40L during oncolysis triggers the maturation of human DCs with T cell stimulatory capacity similar to DCs matured by cytokines. We conclude that triggering and shaping DC‐induced antitumor immunity by oncolytic adenoviruses “armed” with immunostimulatory genes holds promise for improving the therapeutic outcome of viral oncolysis in patients.