Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive placement and migration policy for an STT-RAM-based hybrid cache

Emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVM) such as Spin-Torque Transfer RAM (STT-RAM) and Resistive RAM (RRAM) have been explored as potential alternatives for traditional SRAM-based Last-Level-Caches (LLCs) due to the benefits of higher density and lower leakage power. However, NVM technologies have long latency and high energy overhead associated with the write operations. Consequently, a hybrid STT-RAM and SRAM based LLC architecture has been proposed in the hope of exploiting high density and low leakage power of STT-RAM and low write overhead of SRAM. Such a hybrid cache design relies on an intelligent block placement policy that makes good use of the characteristics of both STT-RAM and SRAM technology. In this paper, we propose an adaptive block placement and migration policy (APM) for hybrid caches. LLC write accesses are categorized into three classes: prefetch-write, demand-write, and core-write. Our proposed technique places a block into either STT-RAM lines or SRAM lines by adapting to the access pattern of each class. An access pattern predictor is proposed to direct block placement and migration, which can benefit from the high density and low leakage power of STT-RAM lines as well as the low write overhead of SRAM lines. Our evaluation shows that the technique can improve performance and reduce LLC power consumption compared to both SRAM-based LLC and STT-RAM-based LLCs with the same area footprint. It outperforms the SRAM-based LLC on average by 8.0% for single-thread workloads and 20.5% for multi-core workloads. The technique reduces power consumption in the LLC by 18.9% and 19.3% for single-thread and multi-core workloads, respectively.
, and Diagnosis of Melioidosis Burkholderia pseudomallei for Detection of Method Targeting the TTS 1 Gene Cluster Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Published Ahead of Print 26 November 2007. 10.1128/JCM.01817-07. 2008, 46(2):568. DOI: J. Clin. Microbiol. Sharon J. Peacock Wannapasni, Sarinna Tumapa, Nicholas P. J. Day and Direk Limmathurotsakul, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, Saran Narisara Chantratita, Ella Meumann, Aunchalee Thanwisai, and Diagnosis of Melioidosis Burkholderia pseudomallei for Detection of Method Targeting the TTS1 Gene Cluster Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Itinerant Early Childhood Special Education Services

This article describes a survey of itinerant early childhood special education teachers in one state. Itinerant teachers address the Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals and objectives of children who receive special education services in their homes or in a community-based program. Itinerant teachers who responded to this survey identified a range of strategies they use as part of their jobs. Most of the strategies identified as frequently used involve providing direct services to children. Teachers reported infrequent implementation of indirect services such as modeling intervention techniques and writing intervention plans for general education teachers or parents. Itinerant teachers reported being satisfied with their job and were generally welcomed in classrooms and homes.
Description Logics for Consistency Checking of Architectural Features in UML 2 . 0 Models

UML has become the de facto standard language for software modeling. Although it was first created as a language for documenting detailed object-oriented designs, its newest version -UML 2.0introduced new features for documenting software architectures as part of the standard. Models in UML include a series of diagrams that describe different views of the system, and even though the standard does not enforce consistency, good software engineering practices do. MCC is a tool based on description logics for UML model checking. In this paper we present how MCC can be used for reasoning about the consistency of UML models and how it can be extended so that it can also deal with UML 2.0 new architectural features following the same strategy.
Early book reading: How mothers deviate from printed text for young children

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe how mothers deviate from text (print and illustrations) while reading to young children and how mothers’ text deviations vary according to children's development based on chronological age. Twenty‐five mothers, grouped according to their children's ages (6‐, 12‐, 18‐, 24‐month‐olds and 4‐year‐olds) read two preselected children's books during two scheduled reading sessions. Results showed mothers of the 24‐month‐olds and 4‐year‐olds asked more questions to engage their children, and spent more time explaining text concepts, whereas mothers of the 6‐, 12‐, 18‐month‐olds simplified text concepts. Mothers of the 12‐ and 18‐month‐olds used more strategies that engaged their children during book reading. Mothers’ use of strategies to keep children involved in early book reading events does in some respect depend upon children's cognitive, linguistic, experiential, and affective development.
Cost Analysis of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

WEERASOORIYA, R. , et al.: Cost Analysis of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. RF ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is a curative treatment, which when successful, eliminates the need to take antiarrhythmic drugs, be anticoagulated, and have recurrent physician visits or hospital admissions. The authors performed a retrospective cost comparison of RF ablation versus drug therapy for PAF. The study population consisted of 118 consecutive patients with symptomatic, drug refractory PAF who underwent1.52 ± 0.71RF ablation procedures (range 1–4) for PAF. During a follow‐up of 32 ± 15 weeks, 85 (72%) patients remained free of clinical recurrence in absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. The cost of RF ablation was calculated in the year 2001 euros on the basis of resource use. The mean cost of pharmacologic treatment prior to ablation was 1,590 euros/patient per year. The initial cost of RF ablation for PAF was 4,715 euros, then 445 euros/year. After 5 years, the cost of RF ablation was below that of ongoing medical management, and continued to diverge thereafter. RF catheter ablation may be a cost‐effective alternative to long‐term drug therapy in patients with symptomatic, drug refractory PAF. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:292–294)
Evidence for the presence of inhibitors of mitotic factors during G1 period in mammalian cells

Our earlier studies indicated that the mitotic factors, which induce germinal vesicle breakdown and chromosome condensation when injected into fully grown Xenopus oocytes, are preferentially associated with metaphase chromosomes and that they bind to chromatin as soon as they are synthesized during the G2 phase. In this study, we attempted to determine the fate of these factors as the cell completes mitosis and enters G1. Extracts from HeLa cells at different points during G1, S, and G2 periods were mixed with mitotic extracts in various proportions, incubated, and then injected into Xenopus oocytes to determine their maturation-promoting activity. The maturation-promoting activity of the mitotic extracts was neutralized by extracts of G1 cells during all stages of G1 but not by those of late S and G2 phase cells. Extracts of quiescent (G0) human diploid fibroblasts exhibited very little inhibitory activity. However, UV irradiation of G0 cells, which is known to cause decondensation of chromatin, significantly enhanced the inhibitory activity of extracts of these cells. These factors are termed inhibitors of mitotic factors (IMF). They seem to be activated, rather than newly synthesized, as the cell enters telophase when chromosomes begin to decondense. The IMF are nondialyzable, nonhistone proteins with a molecular weight of greater than 12,000. Since mitotic factors are known to induce chromosome condensation, it is possible that IMF, which are antagonistic to mitotic factors, may serve the reverse function of the mitotic factors, i.e., regulation of chromosome decondensation.
Practicing from Theory: Thinking and Knowing to “Do” Child Protection Work

Child protection practice in much of the Western world is performed using some specific models with limited attention paid to the underpinning of informing worldviews, theories for practice (explanatory theories) and theories of practice (intervention theories). Over the past few years we have explored how child protection practice may be undertaken using a child rights perspective and community development principles and practices. From this we have developed a model which we here seek to support with worldviews, explanatory and intervention theories. We hope this theoretical framework answers some of the complexity found in the “wicked problem” of child abuse and provides guidance to the practice of protecting children.
Learning Topic-Sensitive Word Representations

Distributed word representations are widely used for modeling words in NLP tasks. Most of the existing models generate one representation per word and do not consider different meanings of a word. We present two approaches to learn multiple topic-sensitive representations per word by using Hierarchical Dirichlet Process. We observe that by modeling topics and integrating topic distributions for each document we obtain representations that are able to distinguish between different meanings of a given word. Our models yield statistically significant improvements for the lexical substitution task indicating that commonly used single word representations, even when combined with contextual information, are insufficient for this task.
Elastic Personalized Nonfunctional Attribute Preference and Trade-off Based Service Selection

For service users to get the best service that meet their requirements, they prefer to personalize their nonfunctional attributes, such as reliability and price. However, the personalization makes it challenging for service providers to completely meet users’ preferences, because they have to deal with conflicting nonfunctional attributes when selecting services for users. With this in mind, users may sometimes want to explicitly specify their trade-offs among nonfunctional attributes to make their preferences known to service providers. In this article, we present a novel service selection method based on fuzzy logic that considers users’ personalized preferences and their trade-offs on nonfunctional attributes during service selection. The method allows users to represent their elastic nonfunctional requirements and associated importance using linguistic terms to specify their personalized trade-off strategies. We present examples showing how the service selection framework is used and a prototype with real-world airline services to evaluate the proposed framework's application.
Synthetic visual speech driven from auditory speech

We have developed two different methods for using auditory, telephone speech to drive the movements of a synthetic face. In the first method, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) were trained on a phonetically transcribed telephone speech database. The output of the HMMs was then fed into a rulebased visual speech synthesizer as a string of phonemes together with time labels. In the second method, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were trained on the same database to map acoustic parameters directly to facial control parameters. These target parameter trajectories were generated by using phoneme strings from a database as input to the visual speech synthesis The two methods were evaluated through audiovisual intelligibility tests with ten hearing impaired persons, and compared to “ideal” articulations (where no recognition was involved), a natural face, and to the intelligibility of the audio alone. It was found that the HMM method performs considerably better than the audio alone condition (54% and 34% keywords correct respectively), but not as well as the “ideal” articulating artificial face (64%). The intelligibility for the ANN method was 34% keywords correct.
A sentence completion procedure as an alternative to the Autobiographical Memory Test for assessing overgeneral memory in non-clinical populations

Overgeneral memory (OGM) has been proposed as a vulnerability factor for depression (Williams et al., 2007) or depressive reactivity to stressful life-events (e.g., Gibbs & Rude, 2004). Traditionally, a cue word procedure known as the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) is used to assess OGM. Although frequently and validly used in clinical populations, there is evidence suggesting that the AMT is insufficiently sensitive to measure OGM in non-clinical groups. Study 1 evaluated the usefulness of a sentence completion method to assess OGM in non-clinical groups, as an alternative to the AMT. Participants were 197 students who completed the AMT, the Sentence Completion for Events from the Past Test (SCEPT), a depression measure, and visual analogue scales assessing ruminative thinking. Results showed that the mean proportion of overgeneral responses was markedly higher for the SCEPT than for the standard AMT. Also, overgeneral responding on the SCEPT was positively associated to depression scores and depressive rumination scores, whereas overgeneral responding on the AMT was not. Results suggest that the SCEPT, relative to the AMT, is a more sensitive instrument to measure OGM, at least in non-clinical populations. Study 2 further showed that this enhanced sensitivity is most likely due to the omission of the instruction to be specific rather than to the SCEPT's sentence completion format (as opposed to free recall to cue words).
Student Motivational Dynamics in the Era of School Reform

This article traces the conception of “the problem with the public school” as represented in 3 reform documents: A Nation at Risk (1983), the National Education Summit Policy Statement (1996), and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). I examine the problem definitions and solutions manifested in each reform for beliefs about student motivation to learn. These beliefs in turn are compared to research illustrations of student motivation obtained in each reform period. The article ends with suggestions for “small changes” in classroom practices that might improve student motivation to learn, promote the goals of NCLB, and enhance the healthy development of children.
Gender‐based stereotypes in the workplace: the case of Greece

Purpose – Organizations need to address stereotypical bias in order to ensure that they do not underutilize any segment of the talent pool, and scarce managerial skills are effectively deployed. To this aim, research on gender stereotypes would provide valuable information to corporate leaders. Given the dearth of empirical research on this issue for the case of Greece, the current study was designed to explore the relationship between attitudes toward women as managers and gender‐based stereotypes.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Participants in the survey were 173 full‐time employees working for firms across all the sectors of the economy.Findings – The main findings indicate that the primary source of shaping respondents’ attitudes is their own gender. Other personal characteristics such as age, education, managerial experience, and working under a female supervisor seem not to have a measurable effect on employees’ stereotypic attitudes toward wome.
The Relations of Observed Pre-K Classroom Quality Profiles to Children's Achievement and Social Competence

Research Findings: Recent evidence suggests that children benefit from pre-K programs in terms of both academic and social skills and that this growth is predicted by the quality of the interactions teachers have with students. Prior cluster analysis revealed 5 distinct quality profiles of teacher–child interactions in pre-kindergarten based on classroom observations of 692 teachers. In the present study, the links between these 5 quality profiles of teacher–child interactions and pre-kindergarten children's (n = 2,028) academic growth and social competence were examined using multilevel modeling techniques. Results indicate that students in the profile with the highest levels of concept development showed the greatest gains for both PPVT Receptive Vocabulary and WJ-III Applied Problems. The profile with the highest levels of emotional support dimensions had children who were rated highest in social competence the next year. Practice or Policy: These findings suggest that teacher–child interactions targeting preschoolers' analysis and inference combined with moderate levels of emotional and organizational supports could play a role in fostering students' achievement gains during pre-kindergarten.
Measurement of a Peak in the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang

We describe a measurement of the angular power spectrum of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at scales of 0. °3 to 5° from the North American test flight of the Boomerang experiment. Boomerang is a balloon-borne telescope with a bolometric receiver designed to map CMB anisotropies on a long-duration balloon flight. During a 6 hr test flight of a prototype system in 1997, we mapped more than 200 deg2 at high Galactic latitudes in two bands centered at 90 and 150 GHz with a resolution of 26' and 16. ′5 FWHM, respectively. Analysis of the maps gives a power spectrum with a peak at angular scales of 1° with an amplitude 70 μKCMB.
A MATE Family Multidrug Efflux Transporter Pumps out Fluoroquinolones in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

ABSTRACT We cloned a gene, bexA, that codes for a multidrug efflux transporter from the chromosomal DNA of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741 by using an Escherichia coli ΔacrAB ΔacrEF mutant as a host. Although the initial recombinant construct contained other open reading frames, the presence of bexA alone was sufficient to confer to the E. coli host elevated levels of resistance to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ethidium bromide. Disruption of bexA in B. thetaiotaomicronmade the strain more susceptible to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ethidium bromide, showing that this gene is expressed in this organism and functions as a multidrug efflux pump. The deduced BexA protein sequence was homologous to the protein sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus NorM, a multidrug efflux transporter, and thus, BexA belongs to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family.
Opportunity Recognition in Social Entrepreneurship

Opportunity recognition (OR) is at the very heart of entrepreneurship. However, research on OR in the context of social entrepreneurship is still in its early stages. First, this article identifies, codifies and analyses OR-relevant articles on social entrepreneurship (SE) through the lens of Sarasvathy’s three views of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. In the second step, statistical methods are applied on the results to indicate possible correlations among different schools of thought in SE and views on OR. OR in social ventures is found to be a prevalent topic in SE literature and differences in OR between social and commercial ventures are found.
Cost effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: findings of the randomised UK alcohol treatment trial (UKATT)

Abstract Objective To compare the cost effectiveness of social behaviour and network therapy, a new treatment for alcohol problems, with that of the proved motivational enhancement therapy. Design Cost effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic randomised trial. Setting Seven treatment sites around Birmingham, Cardiff, and Leeds. Participants 742 clients with alcohol problems; 617 (83.2%) were interviewed at 12 months and full economic data were obtained on 608 (98.5% of 617). Main economic measures Quality adjusted life years (QALYs), costs of trial treatments, and consequences for public sector resources (health care, other alcohol treatment, social services, and criminal justice services). Results Both therapies saved about five times as much in expenditure on health, social, and criminal justice services as they cost. Neither net savings nor cost effectiveness differed significantly between the therapies, despite the average cost of social behaviour and network therapy (£221; $385; €320) being significantly more than that of motivational enhancement therapy (£129). If a QALY were worth £30 000, then the motivational therapy would have 58% chance of being more cost effective than the social therapy, and the social therapy would have 42% chance of being more cost effective than the motivational therapy. Conclusion Participants reported highly significant reductions in drinking and associated problems and costs. The novel social behaviour and network therapy did not differ significantly in cost effectiveness from the proved motivational enhancement therapy.
The Independent Press and Politics in Africa

The independent press in Africa's multiparty states of the 1990s has developed a confrontational relationship with governments, which is largely being brought about by the press's own unprofessional behaviour. The confrontational relationship is causing governments to introduce measures, legal and otherwise, aimed at making the press behave responsibly, in the absence of effective self-regulating mechanisms by the press itself. These measures are likely to lead to the subjugation of the independent press by governments once again and the reintroduction of dictatorship in Africa at the turn of the millennium and beyond. When this happens, the independent press will have to bear the bulk of the blame for loss of press freedom and democracy.
Effective Transductive Learning via PAC-Bayesian Model Selection

We study a transductive learning approach based on clustering. In this approach one constructs a diversity of unsupervised models of the unlabeled data using clustering algorithms. These models are then exploited to construct a number of hypotheses using the labeled data and the learner selects an hypothesis that minimizes a transductive PACBayesian error bound, which holds with high probability. Empirical examination of this approach, implemented with spectral clustering, on a suite of benchmark datasets, indicates that the new approach is effective and that on some datasets it significantly outperforms one of the best transductive learning algorithms known today.
Low Birth Weight : Incidence and Obstetric Risk Factors in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia

Low birth weight (LBW) is a major determinant of perinatal survival and postnatal morbidity. It is an indicator of socioeconomic development of the community. In this study we determined the occurrence of LBW among Saudi newborns and its relation to the obstetric history of their mothers. The birth weight of all Saudi infants born in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) between 1992 and 1995 and the obstetric history of their mothers were investigated. A total of 14747 newborn were included in the study, their weight ranged from 500-7000 g. The incidence of LBW (<2500 g) was 7.7%. (1141). Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the major obstetric risk factors are maternal age < 20 years (OR = 1.41, CI=1.07-1.85), primiparity (OR=1.41, CI=1.11-1.77), prematurity (OR=53.72, CI= 45.66 63.21) and female newborn (OR=1.36, CI=1.17 -1.58). Multiparity (≥ 5 deliveries) and history of abortion were not found to have significant statistical association with LBW. This study shows that simple parameters that are commonly collected by health workers can be helpful in prediction of the possibility of having a LBW newborn.