Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stemming and lemmatization in the clustering of finnish text documents

Stemming and lemmatization were compared in the clustering of Finnish text documents. Since Finnish is a highly inflectional and agglutinative language, we hypothesized that lemmatization, involving splitting of the compound words, would be more appropriate normalization approach than the straightforward stemming. The relevance of the documents were evaluated with a four-point relevance assessment scale, which was collapsed into binary one by considering all the relevant and only the highly relevant documents relevant, respectively. Experiments with four hierarchical clustering methods supported the hypothesis. The stringent relevance scale showed that lemmatization allowed the single and complete linkage methods to recover especially the highly relevant documents better than stemming. In comparison with stemming, lemmatization together with the average linkage and Ward's methods produced higher precision. We conclude that lemmatization is a better word normalization method than stemming, when Finnish text documents are clustered for information retrieval.
Alginate Hydrogel Protects Encapsulated Hepatic HuH-7 Cells against Hepatitis C Virus and Other Viral Infections

Cell microencapsulation in alginate hydrogel has shown interesting applications in regenerative medicine and the biomedical field through implantation of encapsulated tissue or for bioartificial organ development. Although alginate solution is known to have low antiviral activity, the same property regarding alginate gel has not yet been studied. The aim of this work is to investigate the potential protective effect of alginate encapsulation against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for a hepatic cell line (HuH-7) normally permissive to the virus. Our results showed that alginate hydrogel protects HuH-7 cells against HCV when the supernatant was loaded with HCV. In addition, alginate hydrogel blocked HCV particle release out of the beads when the HuH-7 cells were previously infected and encapsulated. There was evidence of interaction between the molecules of alginate hydrogel and HCV, which was dose- and incubation time-dependent. The protective efficiency of alginate hydrogel towards HCV infection was confirmed against a variety of viruses, whether or not they were enveloped. This promising interaction between an alginate matrix and viruses, whose chemical mechanisms are discussed, is of great interest for further medical therapeutic applications based on tissue engineering.
Dietary Choline and Betaine and Risk of CVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Studies implicate choline and betaine metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis to quantify a summary estimated effect of dietary choline and betaine on hard CVD outcomes (incidence and mortality). Eligible studies were prospective studies in adults with comprehensive diet assessment and follow-up for hard CVD endpoints. We identified six studies that met our criteria, comprising 18,076 incident CVD events, 5343 CVD deaths, and 184,010 total participants. In random effects meta-analysis, incident CVD was not associated with choline (relative risk (RR): 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.02) or betaine (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01) intake. Results did not vary by study outcome (incident coronary heart disease, stroke, total CVD) and there was no evidence for heterogeneity among studies. Only two studies provided data on phosphatidylcholine and CVD mortality. Random effects meta-analysis did not support an association between choline and CVD mortality (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.35), but one study supported a positive association and there was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 84%, p-value < 0.001). Our findings do not support an association between dietary choline/betaine with incident CVD, but call for further research into choline and CVD mortality.
Leveraging the Test Effect to Improve Maintenance of the Gains Achieved Through Cognitive Rehabilitation

Objective: An important aspect of the rehabilitation of cognitive and linguistic function subsequent to brain injury is the maintenance of learning beyond the time of initial treatment. Such maintenance is often not satisfactorily achieved. Additional practice, or overtraining, may play a key role in long-term maintenance. In particular, the literature on learning in cognitively intact persons has suggested that it is testing, and not studying, that contributes to maintenance of learning. The present study investigates the hypothesis that continuing to test relearned words in persons with anomia will lead to significantly greater maintenance compared with continuing to study relearned words. Method: The current study combines overtraining with the variable of test versus study in examining the effects of overtesting and overstudying on maintenance of word finding in 3 persons with aphasia. First, treatment successfully reestablished the connections between known items and their names. Once the connections were reestablished (i.e., items could be named successfully), each item was placed into 1 of 4 overtraining conditions: test and study, only test, only study, or no longer test or study. Maintenance was probed at 1 month and 4 months following the end of overtraining. Results: The results are consistent with an advantage of testing compared with studying. All 3 participants showed significantly greater maintenance for words that were overtested than for words that were overstudied. This testing benefit persisted at 1 month and 4 months after completion of the treatment. In fact, there was no clear evidence for any benefit of overstudying. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that overtesting, but not overstudying, leads to lasting maintenance of language rehabilitation gains in patients with anomia. The implications for the design of other treatment protocols are immense.
Phylogenetic analysis of Magnoliales and Myristicaceae based on multiple data sets: implications for character evolution

Magnoliales, consisting of six families of tropical to warm-temperate woody angiosperms, were long considered the most archaic order of flowering plants, but molecular analyses nest them among other eumagnoliids. Based on separate and combined analyses of a morphological matrix (115 characters) and multiple molecular data sets (seven variable chloroplast loci and five more conserved genes; 14 536 aligned nucleotides), phylogenetic relationships were investigated simultaneously within Magnoliales and Myristicaceae, using Laurales, Winterales, and Piperales as outgroups. Despite apparent conflicts among data sets, parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of combined data converged towards a fully resolved and well-supported topology, consistent with higher-level molecular analyses except for the position of Magnoliaceae: Myristicaceae + (Magnoliaceae + ((Degeneria+Galbulimima) + (Eupomatia+ Annonaceae))). Based on these results, we discuss morphological evolution in Magnoliales and show that several supposedly plesiomorphic traits are synapomorphies of Magnoliineae, the sister group of Myristicaceae (e.g. laminar stamens). Relationships within Annonaceae are also resolved with strong support (Anaxagorea basal, then ambavioids). In contrast, resolution of relationships within Myristicaceae is difficult and still incomplete, due to a very low level of molecular divergence within the family and a long stem lineage. However, our data provide good evidence that Mauloutchia is nested among other Afro-Malagasy genera, contradicting the view that its androecium and pollen are plesiomorphic © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 142, 125–186.
Impact of thermo-tactile stimulation on the speed and efficiency of swallowing: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND A delayed or absent swallow reflex is common in dysphagia and can have a significant impact on swallow safety. Recent clinical practice survey data have supported the fact that clinicians continue to use thermo-tactile stimulation (TTS) as a strategy to stimulate key nerve pathways and evoke a swallow reflex for patients with a delayed or absent swallow reflex. AIMS To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of TTS as a compensatory and/or rehabilitative tool. METHODS & PROCEDURES A search performed on CINAHL, Medline and Speech Bite identified 599 articles. After removing duplicates, the titles and abstracts of 458 articles were assessed for eligibility; 426 articles were deemed to be clearly ineligible and the remaining 32 full-text articles were further screened for inclusion. Ten of these studies were included in this review. MAIN CONTRIBUTION The results of this review highlight the lack of available evidence in this area and give support to the view that there is only low-level evidence for use of TTS as a compensatory strategy immediately before a swallow. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS There is low-level evidence to support the use of TTS. Current best practice would be to use TTS on a case-by-case basis, following detailed instrumental assessment and evaluation of its efficacy for an individual.
Effect of Detoxified Karanj Seed Cake (Pongamia glabra vent) Based Diets on Haematological Parameters and Body Weight Gain in Goat Kids

A 17-weeks study was conducted to observe the effect of feeding solvent extracted karanj (Pongamia glabra vent) seed cake (SKC) and alkali processed solvent extracted karanj seed cake (AKC) on various haematological parameters and overall body weight gains in goat kids. Twenty non-descript male kids were randomly divided into five treatment groups viz., T1 (control), T2, T3, T4 and T5 consisting of four kids each, under completely randomized design to make the initial body weight uniform and non-significant. The T1group was offered groundnut cake (GNC) as a sole source of nitrogen whereas T2and T3group were offered SKC @ 8.09% and 16.18% of concentrate mixtures respectively to replace 25% and 50% of GNC nitrogen. Similarly T4 and T5 were fed AKC @ 8.09% and 16.18% of concentrate mixtures respectively to replace the 25% and 50% of GNC nitrogen. No adverse effect of either SKC or AKC was observed on haemoglobin, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum total protein, serum albumin and serum globulin. The present study also revealed no significant effect of either SKC or AKC on the overall body weight gain in goat kids. These results indicates that long term supplementation of SKC or AKC up to 50% replacement of conventional nitrogen source have no adverse effect on health as revealed by body weight gain and various haematological values.
The Law of the Sea

This chapter talks about the Law of the Sea. Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 deals with the seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil beyond the limits of national jurisdiction and the exploitation of their natural resources. In addition to the United Nations General Assembly, two of the specialized agencies, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), are continuously involved in the two major aspects of oceans affairs of general interest – maritime communications and the protection of the marine environment, and the seas as a source of food, including universal aspects of fisheries management. The chapter discusses the principal developments regarding historic waters and historic titles to marine spaces that took place in that Third Conference, and explains the fuller treatment of the matter in the 1982 Convention.Keywords: food and agriculture organization (FAO); historic waters; international maritime organization (IMO); law of the sea; national jurisdiction; United Nations convention
the psyChologiCal presenCe of family improves self-Control

Three studies show that the psychological presence of family provides a temporary increase in self-control. In Study 1, participants (n = 79) subliminally primed with the names of their family members subsequently performed better at an open-ended language task relative to participants primed with neutral words. Study 2 ruled out two plausible alternative interpretations of this result. Participants in Study 2 (n = 139) who wrote a short essay about a family member with whom they had a good relationship demonstrated more self-control than those who wrote about a humorous episode or an enemy relationship, as measured by their performance on a simple but tedious math test. Study 3 was designed to demonstrate that self-control, rather than motivation, was affected by thoughts of the family. Participants (n = 66) primed with a visual cue of a family member ate fewer cookies than those not primed—when individual differences in eating restraint were controlled. The theoretical and applied implications of these .
Commissural neurons transgress the CNS/PNS boundary in absence of ventricular zone-derived netrin 1

ABSTRACT During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), only motor axons project into peripheral nerves. Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the development of a boundary at the CNS surface and prevent CNS neuron emigration from the neural tube. It has previously been shown that a subset of spinal cord commissural axons abnormally invades sensory nerves in Ntn1 hypomorphic embryos and Dcc knockouts. However, whether netrin 1 also plays a similar role in the brain is unknown. In the hindbrain, precerebellar neurons migrate tangentially under the pial surface, and their ventral migration is guided by netrin 1. Here, we show that pontine neurons and inferior olivary neurons, two types of precerebellar neurons, are not confined to the CNS in Ntn1 and Dcc mutant mice, but that they invade the trigeminal, auditory and vagus nerves. Using a Ntn1 conditional knockout, we show that netrin 1, which is released at the pial surface by ventricular zone progenitors is responsible for the CNS confinement of precerebellar neurons. We propose, that netrin 1 distribution sculpts the CNS boundary by keeping CNS neurons in netrin 1-rich domains. Summary: A Ntn1 conditional knockout demonstrates that netrin 1 prevents pontine neurons and other classes of hindbrain commissural neurons from exiting the CNS through sensory nerve roots.
CHARACTERISTIC AND PREDICTION MODEL OF VERTICAL DENSITY PROFILE OF FIBERBOARD WITH "PRETREATMENT - HOT PRESSING" UNITED TECHNOLOGY

In order to manufacture fiberboard with different vertical density profile (VDP) and establish predicted model of vertical density profile, the “pretreatment-hot pressing” united technology was used to study the effect of pretreatment parameters on the sandwich layer temperature and the shape factor of VDP. The results showed that the humidification to surface of mats could eliminate the procuring layer and the effect of target density on the shape of VDP could be neglected under united technology. Increasing moisture content, preheating temperature and preheating time could enhance the temperature of sandwich layer after pretreatment process, through which could decrease the surface density deviation and sandwich layer density deviation, increased homogeneity sandwich layer thickness rate and the VDP is converted from “V” shape to “U” shape ,uniform in turn. So the ideal fiberboards with “U” shape (U-FBs) and homogeneity fiberboard (H-FBs) could be produced through regulating and controlling “pretreatment-hot pressing” united technology. The VDP predicted model under united technology built in the study had a very strong predictive ability.
On the distribution of elastic forces in disordered structures and materials. I. Computer simulation

Randomly structured materials and structures develop distributed internal forces when subjected to external loadings. Using granular packings, and random honeycombs and open–cell foams as prototypic examples, computer simulations were carried out to elucidate the statistical distribution of the internal forces in randomly structured materials. It was found that the sharpness of the force distribution depends critically on the degree of randomness of the structure. In general, the force distributions in these exemplary systems are found to range from the Maxwell–Boltzmann form to a sharply peaked Gaussian form. The results presented here form the basis for the development of a statistical mechanics theory to be presented elsewhere as part II.
Novel Two-Component System of Streptococcus sanguinis Affecting Functions Associated with Viability in Saliva and Biofilm Formation

ABSTRACT Streptococcus sanguinis is a pioneer species of teeth and a common opportunistic pathogen of infective endocarditis. In this study, we identified a two-component system, S. sanguinis SptRS (SptRSSs), affecting S. sanguinis survival in saliva and biofilm formation. Isogenic mutants of sptRSs (SKsptR) and sptSSs (SKsptS) showed reduced cell counts in ex vivo assays of viability in saliva compared to those of parent strain SK36 and complemented mutants. Reduced counts of the mutants in saliva were associated with reduced growth rates in nutrient-poor medium (RPMI) and increased susceptibility to the deposition of C3b and the membrane attach complex (MAC) of the complement system, a defense component of saliva and serum. Conversely, sptRSs and sptSSs mutants showed increased biofilm formation associated with higher levels of production of H2O2 and extracellular DNA. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) comparisons of strains indicated a global role of SptRSSs in repressing genes for H2O2 production (2.5- to 15-fold upregulation of spxB, spxR, vicR, tpk, and ackA in sptRSs and sptSSs mutants), biofilm formation, and/or evasion of host immunity (2.1- to 11.4-fold upregulation of srtA, pcsB, cwdP, iga, and nt5e). Compatible with the homology of SptRSs with AraC-type regulators, duplicate to multiple conserved repeats were identified in 1,000-bp regulatory regions of downstream genes, suggesting that SptRSs regulates transcription by DNA looping. Significant transcriptional changes in the regulatory genes vicR, spxR, comE, comX, and mecA in the sptRSs and sptSSs mutants further indicated that SptRSSs is part of a regulatory network that coordinates cell wall homeostasis, H2O2 production, and competence. This study reveals that SptRSSs is involved in the regulation of crucial functions for S. sanguinis persistence in the oral cavity.
Iron isomaltoside is superior to iron sucrose in increasing hemoglobin in gynecological patients with iron deficiency anemia

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Curcumin blocks autophagy and activates apoptosis of malignant mesothelioma cell lines and increases the survival of mice intraperitoneally transplanted with a malignant mesothelioma cell line

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a primary tumor arising from the serous membranes. The resistance of MM patients to conventional therapies, and the poor patients’ survival, encouraged the identification of molecular targets for MM treatment. Curcumin (CUR) is a “multifunctional drug”. We explored the in vitro effects of CUR on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, pro-survival signaling pathways, apoptosis, autophagy of human (MM-B1, H-Meso-1, MM-F1), and mouse (#40a) MM cells. In addition, we evaluated the in vivo anti-tumor activities of CUR in C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally transplanted with #40a cells forming ascites. CUR in vitro inhibited MM cells survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increased reactive oxygen species’intracellular production and induced DNA damage. CUR triggered autophagic flux, but the process was then blocked and was coincident with caspase 8 activation which activates apoptosis. CUR-mediated apoptosis was supported by the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, increase of p53 expression, activation of caspase 9, cleavage of PARP-1, increase of the percentage of cells in the sub G1 phase which was reduced (MM-F1 and #40a) or abolished (MM-B1 and H-Meso-1) after MM cells incubation with the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. CUR treatment stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, inhibited that of p54 JNK and AKT, increased c-Jun expression and phosphorylation and prevented NF-κB nuclear translocation. Intraperitoneal administration of CUR increased the median survival of C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally transplanted with #40a cells and reduced the risk of developing tumors. Our findings may have important implications for the design of MM treatment using CUR.
On Optimal Scheduling in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks for Stochastic Event Capture

Recently, wireless recharging technologies have merged as a promising approach to address the energy constraint problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Far from other energy-harvesting sensor nodes, wireless rechargeable sensor nodes are thin small-size, enabling a large range of applications such as embedded infrastructure sensing and human activity recognition. A typical Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network (WRSN) includes two components: i) a collection of rechargeable sensor nodes and ii) several readers, capable of mobility and functioning as energy distributors and data collectors. In this paper, we for the first time investigate the optimal scheduling problem in WRSN for stochastic event capture, i.e., how to jointly mobilize the readers for energy distribution and schedule sensor nodes for efficient event capture. We extensively study the problem and analyze the quality of capture for different application scenarios. At last, numerical results are offered to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of our solutions.