Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community-based education: The influence of role modeling on career choice and practice location

Abstract Introduction: Research findings in medical education support the importance of positive role models in enhancing learning and influencing the career path of medical students and graduates. The authors explored the characteristics of positive and negative role models during Community-Based Education and Service (COBES), as well as their effect on trainees’ career paths. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire among medical students to explore the characteristics of positive and negative role models during COBES. Associations between gender, choice of specialty, and practice location were assessed using the chi-square test. All qualitative data analysis was performed using the principles of primary, secondary, and tertiary coding. Result: The majority of the students indicated that role modeling during COBES will affect their choice of specialty and practice location with a significant gender difference in terms of practice location (p < 0.005). Qualitative data supported the finding that positive role modeling during COBES may influence graduates willingness to work in rural area. Conclusion: The desire and willingness to work in a rural community combined with good communication and excellent interpersonal skills as well as good leadership skills are attributes of good role modeling that could influence medical students’ career choice during COBES.
Mapping the Multiple Graded Contributions of the Anterior Temporal Lobe Representational Hub to Abstract and Social Concepts: Evidence from Distortion-corrected fMRI

A growing body of recent convergent evidence indicates that the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has connectivity-derived graded differences in semantic function: the ventrolateral region appears to be the transmodal, omni-category center-point of the hub whilst secondary contributions come from the peripheries of the hub in a manner that reflects their differential connectivity to different input/output modalities. One of the key challenges for this neurocognitive theory is how different types of concept, especially those with less reliance upon external sensory experience (such as abstract and social concepts), are coded across the graded ATL hub. We were able to answer this key question by using distortion-corrected fMRI to detect functional activations across the entire ATL region and thus to map the neural basis of social and psycholinguistically-matched abstract concepts. Both types of concept engaged a core left-hemisphere semantic network, including the ventrolateral ATL, prefrontal regions and posterior MTG. Additionally, we replicated previous findings of weaker differential activation of the superior and polar ATL for the processing of social stimuli, in addition to the stronger, omni-category activation observed in the vATL. These results are compatible with the view of the ATL as a graded transmodal substrate for the representation of coherent concepts.
Maximum Likelihood for Variance Estimation in High-Dimensional Linear Models

We study maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for the residual variance, the signalto-noise ratio, and other variance parameters in high-dimensional linear models. These parameters are essential in many statistical applications involving regression diagnostics, inference, tuning parameter selection for high-dimensional regression, and other applications, including genetics. The estimators that we study are not new, and have been widely used for variance component estimation in linear random-effects models. However, our analysis is new and it implies that the MLEs, which were devised for randomeffects models, may also perform very well in high-dimensional linear models with fixedeffects, which are more commonly studied in some areas of high-dimensional statistics. The MLEs are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal in fixed-effects models with random design, in asymptotic settings where the number of predictors (p) is proportional to the number of observations (n). Moreover, the estimators’ asymptotic variance can be given explicitly in terms moments of the Marčenko-Pastur distribution. A variety of analytical and empirical results show that the MLEs outperform other, previously proposed estimators for variance parameters in high-dimensional linear models with fixed-effects. More broadly, the results in this paper illustrate a strategy for drawing connections between fixedand randomeffects models in high dimensions, which may be useful in other applications. Appearing in Proceedings of the 19 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2016, Cadiz, Spain. JMLR: W&CP volume 41. Copyright 2016 by the authors.
Extended Kinship in the United States: Competing Models and the Case of La Familia Chicana.

The Parsons' isolated nuclear family, the Litwak and Sussman modified extended or neolocal nuclear family system, and the Yorburg typology qf four family structures (extended, modified extended, modified nuclear, and nuclear) are discussed. In light qf the discussion and relevant literature, extended kinship among Chicanos (persons of Mexican-descent in the United States) is explored through intensive, open-ended interviews with four cases of three generations qf Mexican-descent families in the Michigan-Indiana-Illinois region and the charting of their family trees. La familia chicana is posited as a modified extended or kin-integrated family extending over time and space from Mexico at the turn of the century to present day industrial America, with antecedents retraceable to pre-Columbian periods.
Prediction of immediate postoperative pain using the analgesia/nociception index: a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND The analgesia/nociception index (ANI) is derived from heart rate variability, ranging from 0 (maximal nociception) to 100 (maximal analgesia), to reflect the analgesia/nociception balance during general anaesthesia. This should be correlated with immediate postoperative pain in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ANI measured at arousal from general anaesthesia to predict immediate postoperative pain on arrival in PACU. METHODS Two hundred patients undergoing ear, nose, and throat or lower limb orthopaedic surgery with general anaesthesia using an inhalational agent and remifentanil were included in this prospective observational study. The ANI was measured immediately before tracheal extubation and pain intensity was assessed within 10 min of arrival in PACU using a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS). The relationship between ANI and NRS was assessed using linear regression. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of ANI to predict NRS>3. RESULTS A negative linear relationship was observed between ANI immediately before extubation and NRS on arrival in PACU. Using a threshold of <50, the sensitivity and specificity of ANI to discriminate between patients with NRS≤3 and NRS>3 were both 86% with 92% negative predictive value, corresponding to an area under the ROC curve of 0.89. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of ANI immediately before extubation after inhalation-remifentanil anaesthesia was significantly associated with pain intensity on arrival in PACU. The performance of ANI for the prediction of immediate postoperative pain is good and may assist physicians in optimizing acute pain management. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01796249.
Low-intensity Husbandry as a Cost-efficient Way to Preserve Dry Grasslands

Abstract Dry grasslands represent unique ecosystems that are known for high biodiversity. Land use changes have led to a decline in Europe. Shrub encroachment is a major problem in incorrectly or unmanaged areas, and affects not only flora and fauna but also leads to changes in the appearance of the landscape. Our study was conducted on the island of Hiddensee, north-east Germany, where today dry grasslands are endangered by shrub encroachment. We analysed the current land use under consideration of farming costs as well as current agricultural subsidies. Our results show that revenues of low-intensity cattle husbandry only account for 61% of total costs and that farming becomes profitable only with subsidies. Our study illustrates that goats can be a cost-efficient solution for areas with high shrub cover in contrast to manual clearing. The maintenance of dry grasslands is therefore more cost-efficient with grazing animals than with technical-manual labour.
Collaborative Problem-Solving Interactions in Young and Old Married Couples

The study explores the importance of conversational processes for understanding collaborative cognitive performance by examining the interactions of married couples that facilitate performance on 2 everyday cognitive tasks. Twenty-four adults, 6 young (M age = 29.7 years) and 6 older (M = 70.8 years) married couples, completed a vacation decision-making task and an errand-running task. Couples were asked to talk as they performed the tasks and speech acts were coded as to whether they involved high-affiliation exchanges (between-partner sequences of cooperative and obliging speech acts) or low-affiliation exchanges (between-partner sequences of controlling and withdrawing speech acts). Interactions characterized by high affiliation were associated with greater use of information and the use of feature based search strategies on the decision-making task and shorter routes on the errand-running task. Open-ended interviews revealed the importance of division of labor and delegation when collaborating in daily life. The results illustrate the diversity present in couples' interactive patterns and approaches to collaboration. Further, the results demonstrate the potential of integrating work on collaborative cognition and conversational processes.
Quantitative analysis of curing mechanisms of epoxy resin by mid- and near- fourier transform infra red spectroscopy

This article informs the essence of major work done by a number of researchers on the analysis of two-step curing mechanism of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin in presence of amine curing agents using near- and mid-IR technology. Various peaks used as a marker for resin formation are discussed and their implementation is comprehensively studied. In addition to this, a wide range of information about the importance of reference peaks in both near-IR (NIR) and mid-IR (MIR) regions are congregated and their accuracy is audited. Also discrepancies observed by researchers in epoxy conversion (α) in NIR and MIR regions are reviewed to highlight the comparative advantages of both regions, one over the other. Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 3, May 2014, pp. 314-321, DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.14429/dsj.64. 7326
Unrelated cord blood transplantation for adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome‐related secondary acute myeloid leukaemia

Seven adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)‐related secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were treated with total body irradiation (TBI), cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) and cyclophosphamide (CY), followed by unrelated human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐mismatched cord blood transplantation (CBT). Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) was infused continuously from 12 h before until the end of Ara‐C therapy to enhance the antileukaemia effect of Ara‐C. Five patients are alive and free of disease at 7–31 months after transplantation. These preliminary results suggest that adult MDS‐related secondary AML patients without suitable related or unrelated bone marrow donors should be considered as candidates for CBT.
Comparison of Seven and Fourteen Days of Lansoprazole, Clarithromycin, and Amoxicillin Therapy for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: A Report from India

Background. In developed countries, a 1‐week regimen of combined proton pump inhibitors and two antibiotics is considered adequate for Helicobacter pylori eradication. However, there is a paucity of reports from developing countries on treatment duration of less than 14 days. We compared efficacy of 7 and 14 days of lansoprazole (L), clarithromycin (C), and amoxicillin (A) combinations for eradication of H. pylori.
Intergenerational transmission of postpartum depression

Objective: This study aimed to explore the hypothesis of an intergenerational transmission of postpartum depression. Mother’s postpartum depressive symptomatology was linked to former depression, postpartum depression of her mother as well as the quality of the mother–daughter relationship. Method: A sample of 65 women and their mothers completed questionnaires one month after delivery: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), dimension A of the International Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) assessing a former depressive episode, the Mother and Adult Daughter Questionnaire (MAD) as well as the Inventory of Peer and Relative Attachment (IPPA). Their mothers completed the Bromley Postnatal Depression Scale (BPDS) in order to retrospectively diagnose a postpartum depression. Results: Women whose mother had suffered from a postnatal depression had significantly higher scores on the EPDS. Former depression symptoms and grandmother’s former postnatal depression were significant predictors of postpartum depression symptoms intensity. Conclusion: this study confirms the hypothesis of an intergenerational transmission of postpartum depression and highlights the need to provide an in‐depth examination of these issues.
The influence of sodium status and furosemide on canine acute amphotericin B nephrotoxicity.

The influence of sodium balance and furosemide administration on acute amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity has been investigated in the anesthetized dog. In sodium-depleted dogs, amphotericin B (1 mg/kg i.v.) reduced renal blood flow by 32% and glomerular filtration rate by 90% 40 min after the infusion and 32 and 65%, respectively, 140 min after infusion. Although filtration fraction was reduced, fractional sodium excretion increased 13-fold. Renal renin secretion rate decreased by 64%. Prior sodium loading abolished the acute response to amphotericin B. Pretreatment of sodium-depleted dogs with furosemide (5 mg/kg bolus followed by 260 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) attenuated the reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate produced by amphotericin B. The data indicate that acute reductions in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate in response to amphotericin B infusion are not direct but related to sodium status. The changes do not seem to be mediated by the renin-angiotensin system and can be inhibited by sodium loading and attenuated by concurrent furosemide administration. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the acute response is mediated by tubulo-glomerular feedback.
A comparison between the WISC and WISC-R among educable mentally retarded students†

The study compared differences and similarities between WISC and WISC-R scores for 48 ten- and thirteen-year-old EMR students, who were matched according to sex and race. The WISC-R yielded significantly lower VS, PS, and FS IQ scores than the WISC for this predominantly rural Georgia population. The FS IQ scores from the WISC-R averaged 7.5 points lower than the WISC FS IQs, with similar differences noted for VS and PS scores. There was no significant difference in FS IQs between the two age groups. Results suggest that many children classified as “Borderline” or slightly above by the WISC will be classified as “Mentally Deficient” by the WISC-R.
Notebooks of the Mind : Explorations of Thinking

How do creative people think? Do great works of the imagination originate in words or in images? Is there a rational explanation for the sudden appearance of geniuses like Mozart or Einstein? Such questions have fascinated people for centuries; only in recent years, however, has cognitive psychology been able to provide some clues to the mysterious process of creativity. In this revised edition of Notebooks of the Mind, Vera John-Steiner combines imaginative insight with scientific precision to produce a startling account of the human mind working at its highest potential. To approach her subject John-Steiner goes directly to the source, assembling the thoughts of "experienced thinkers"-artists, philosophers, writers, and scientists able to reflect on their own imaginative patterns. More than fifty interviews (with figures ranging from Jessica Mitford to Aaron Copland), along with excerpts from the diaries, letters, and autobiographies of such gifted giants as Leo Tolstoy, Marie Curie, and Diego Rivera, among others, provide illuminating insights into creative activity. We read, for example, of Darwin's preoccupation with the image of nature as a branched tree while working on his concept of evolution. Mozart testifies to the vital influence on his mature art of the wondrous "bag of memories" he retained from childhood. Anais Nin describes her sense of words as oppressive, explaining how imagistic free association freed her as a writer. Adding these personal accounts to laboratory studies of thought process, John-Steiner takes a refreshingly holistic approach to the question of creativity. What emerges is an intriguing demonstration of how specific socio-cultural circumstances interact with certain personality traits to encourage the creative mind. Among the topics examined here are the importance of childhood mentor figures; the lengthy apprenticeship of the talented person; and the development of self- expression through highly individualistic languages, whether in images, movement or inner speech. Now, with a new introduction, this award-winning book provides an uniquely broad-based study of the origins, development and fruits of human inspiration.
Tests of two optimal incentive models

With the advantage of observing abnormal stock returns around executive stock option grants we are able to document the shareholder wealth effects of grants and their properties, notably the exercise price and grant size. Since the Hall and Murphy (2000, 2002) and Choe (2003) optimal contracting models focus on the interaction between the exercise price and grant size, we are also able to test key propositions of these models for the first time. We document evidence in support of both models. For Hall and Murphy, after controlling for risk aversion and grant size, we find that pay-performance sensitivity is decreasing in the exercise price, while at-the-money options are wealth creating for shareholders as predicted by them. Consistent with Choe, the exercise price is found to be inversely related to leverage, but the determinants of grant size are largely unrelated to his predictions. We show that grant size is impacted by CEO influence sub-optimally, leading to excessive grants from a shareholder perspective.
Nature and extent of person recognition impairments associated with Capgras syndrome in Lewy body dementia

Patients with Capgras syndrome (CS) adopt the delusional belief that persons well-known to them have been replaced by an imposter. Several current theoretical models of CS attribute such misidentification problems to deficits in covert recognition processes related to the generation of appropriate affective autonomic signals. These models assume intact overt recognition processes for the imposter and, more broadly, for other individuals. As such, it has been suggested that CS could reflect the “mirror-image” of prosopagnosia. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether overt person recognition abilities are indeed always spared in CS. Furthermore, we examined whether CS might be associated with any impairments in overt affective judgments of facial expressions. We pursued these goals by studying a patient with Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) who showed clear signs of CS, and by comparing him to another patient with DLB who did not experience CS, as well as to a group of healthy control participants. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) atrophy that appeared to be uniquely associated with the presence CS. We assessed overt person recognition with three fame recognition tasks, using faces, voices, and names as cues. We also included measures of confidence and probed pertinent semantic knowledge. In addition, participants rated the intensity of fearful facial expressions. We found that CS was associated with overt person recognition deficits when probed with faces and voices, but not with names. Critically, these deficits were not present in the DLB patient without CS. In addition, CS was associated with impairments in overt judgments of affect intensity. Taken together, our findings cast doubt on the traditional view that CS is the mirror-image of prosopagnosia and that it spares overt recognition abilities. These findings can still be accommodated by models of CS that emphasize deficits in autonomic responding, to the extent that the potential role of interoceptive awareness in overt judgments is taken into account.
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma, for all practical purposes, remains an incurable malignancy; however, 5-year survival has improved substantially during the past 30 years. A major contribution to improved outcome is the use of high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. This multifaceted approach to therapy requires an understanding of appropriate induction therapy, techniques for stem cell mobilization, appropriate conditioning and supportive care. Also of importance are prognosis, features that predict outcome, the suitability of transplant candidates, and post-transplantation maintenance therapy.
From Medieval Pilgrimage to Religious Tourism: The Social and Cultural Economics of Piety

Preface Homo viator: From Pilgrimage to Religious Tourism via the Journey by Luigi Tomasi The Holy Man as Traveler and Travel Attraction: Early Christian Asceticism and the Moral Problematic of Modernity by Judith Adler The Sociology of Midieval Pilgrimage: Contested Views and Shifting Boundries by Lutz Kaelber Pilgrimages of Yesterday, Jubilees of Today by Maria I. Macioti New Canterbury Trails: Pilgrimage and Tourism in Anglican London by William H. Swatos, Jr. Popular Religion and Pilgrimages in Western Europe by Liliane Voye Contemporary Pagan Pilgrimages by Michael York Visitation to Disaster Sites by Anthony J. Blasi Our Lady of Clearwater: Postmodern Traditionalism by William H. Swatos, Jr. Kathmandu and Home Again: A Cautionary Tale by Richard Qinney Epilogue: Pilgrimage for a New Millennium by William H. Swatos, Jr. and Luigi Tomasi Selected Bibliography Index