Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accountable care organization hospitals differ in health IT capabilities.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate health information technology (IT) adoption in hospitals participating in accountable care organizations (ACOs) and compare this adoption to non-ACO hospitals. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional sample of US nonfederal, acute care hospitals with data from 3 matched sources: the 2013 American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey, the 2013 AHA Survey of Care Systems and Payments (CSP), and the 2014 AHA Information Technology Supplement. METHODS To compare health IT adoption in ACO- and non-ACO hospitals, we created measures of Meaningful Use (MU) Stage 1 and Stage 2 core and menu criteria, patient engagement-oriented health IT, and health information exchange (HIE) participation. Adoption was compared using both naïve and multivariate logit models. RESULTS Of the 393 ACO hospitals and 810 non-ACO hospitals, a greater percentage of ACO hospitals were capable of meeting MU Stage 1 (50.9% vs 41.6%; P < .01) and Stage 2 (7.6% vs 4.8%; P < .05), having patient engagement health IT (39.8% vs 15.2%; P < .001), and participating in HIE (49.0% vs 30.1%; P < .001). In adjusted models, no difference was found between ACO and non-ACO hospital ability to meet MU Stage 1 or Stage 2, but ACO hospitals were more likely to have patient engagement health IT (odds ratio (OR), 2.20; 95% CI, 1.59-3.04) and be HIE participants (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03-1.92). CONCLUSIONS ACO-participating hospitals appear to be focused more on adopting health IT that aligns with broader strategic goals rather than those that achieve MU. Aligning adoption with quality and payment reform may be a productive path forward to encourage hospital health IT adoption behavior.
The moderating role of authoritarian leadership on the relationship between the internalization of emotional regulation and the well-being of employees

This study explores whether the internalization of emotional regulation affects well-being and examines further whether authoritarian leadership can moderate the relationship between such internalization of emotional regulation and employee well-being. A total of 271 working adults who were employed by Chinese enterprises in Taiwan participated in this study. All hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analyses. The study showed that controlled emotional regulation through external regulation is significantly negatively associated with such indicators of well-being as mental and physical health, whereas autonomous emotional regulation through integrated regulation is significantly positively associated with such indicators of well-being as mental and physical health. The study also found that authoritarian leadership may moderate the relationship between autonomous emotional regulation through identified or integrated regulation and the well-being indicators.
Self-Reported Supervisory Behavior and Beliefs vs. Actual Observations of Caregiver Behavior at Beaches

This study examined self-reported supervisory behaviors of caregivers at beaches and ascertained whether self-reported supervision reflects observed behavior. Observations were conducted of caregiver/child pairs at 18 Australian beaches, with questionnaires subsequently completed by caregivers. Caregivers identified visual contact as essential for close supervision and proximity a key determinant in distinguishing supervision and close supervision. Supervisory behavior was associated with child age, while lifeguard patrol had no effect on supervision. All supervision statements from the PSAPQ-BEACH were associated with supervision. Only three statements were significant independent predictors of supervision. Comparisons suggest caregivers’ self-reported supervisory behavior reflects actual supervision. As this is the first study of its kind, it is essential that further prospective research using mixed-method approaches build on this information.
Sparse Coding for Third-Order Super-Symmetric Tensor Descriptors with Application to Texture Recognition

Super-symmetric tensors - a higher-order extension of scatter matrices - are becoming increasingly popular in machine learning and computer vision for modeling data statistics, co-occurrences, or even as visual descriptors. They were shown recently to outperform second-order approaches, however, the size of these tensors are exponential in the data dimensionality, which is a significant concern. In this paper, we study third-order supersymmetric tensor descriptors in the context of dictionary learning and sparse coding. For this purpose, we propose a novel non-linear third-order texture descriptor. Our goal is to approximate these tensors as sparse conic combinations of atoms from a learned dictionary. Apart from the significant benefits to tensor compression that this framework offers, our experiments demonstrate that the sparse coefficients produced by this scheme lead to better aggregation of high-dimensional data and showcase superior performance on two common computer vision tasks compared to the state of the art.
Optimal Targeting of Advertisement for New Products with Multiple Consumer Segments

Armed with improved targeting technology, firms are increasingly interested in optimizing their advertising dollars through consumer segment-specific targeting, particularly while introducing new products. That task becomes especially important in markets with distinct consumer segments—the early market and the main market—that affect each other’s adoption behavior. In this study, in contrast to prior normative studies that assume a single-segment market structure, we derive dynamic optimal advertising and segment-specific targeting strategies for firms facing a two-segment market structure. We allow for mutual demand interactions between the two segments, and for the diffusion parameters, advertising sensitivity, and cost of targeting to differ across the segments. We model the effect of advertising as a logarithmic function that accounts for diminishing marginal returns. Among our key findings: From profit optimization perspective, our two-segment model outperforms the single-segment model under multiple diffusion dynamics contexts—especially for the ‘bimodal chasm’ and the ‘early dip followed by bell-shaped’ type diffusion patterns—even when the cost of targeting the early market is relatively high. Our numerical analyses indicate that the optimal share of advertisement targeted to the early market segment at launch needs to be much higher than the share of the early market segment in the population. Advertising sensitivity, relative cost of targeting the early market, and the proportion of early market consumers in the population have the greatest effects on the optimal time to transition the targeted advertising spending from the early to the main market segment.
Pulmonary perfusion quantified by electron-beam computed tomography: effects of hypoxia and inhaled NO

Patients with acute lung injury may benefit from the manipulation of pulmonary blood flow using inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to optimise ventilation/perfusion matching. Current techniques for studying changes in regional pulmonary perfusion are difficult to apply clinically. This study therefore investigated the potential of electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) to quantify the effects of hypoxia and iNO on regional pulmonary perfusion in five healthy subjects. Contrast-enhanced sections were obtained sequentially under conditions of normoxia, hypoxia (fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas (FI,O2) 0.12) and hypoxia, with iNO (14.8 parts per million (ppm)) administered during inspiration in the supine position. Regions of interest were placed along the nondependent to dependent axis and values for relative perfusion derived. Under normoxic conditions a vertical gradient of perfusion existed, which became less apparent due to increased perfusion in nondependent regions after the induction of hypoxia (FI,O2 0.12). The addition of iNO (FI,O2 0.12 and NO 14.8 ppm) increased perfusion in all regions of the lung section, suggesting redistribution of pulmonary perfusion from other regions of the lung. Absolute values of perfusion were comparable to those documented with existing techniques. The use of a high spatial-resolution technique confirmed the presence of marked perfusion heterogeneity between anatomically close regions of lung.
Components of Relationship Quality in Chimpanzees

A novel approach to studying social relationships in captive adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) was taken by using principal components analysis (PCA) to extract three key components of relationship quality from nine behavioural variables. Based on the loadings of the behavioural variables, the components appeared to match previously hypothesized critical aspects of social relationships and were therefore labelled Value, Compatibility and Security. The effects of kinship, sex combination, age difference and time spent together on each of the relationship quality components were analysed. As expected, kin were found to have more valuable, compatible and secure relationships than non-kin. Female‐ female dyads were found to be more compatible than male‐male or mixed-sex dyads, whereas the latter were found to be most secure. Partners of a similar age were found to have more secure and more valuable relationships than those with a larger age gap. Individuals that were together in the group for longer were more valuable and more compatible, but their relationships were found to be less secure than individuals that were together in the group for a shorter time. Although some of the results may be unexpected based on chimpanzee socio-ecology, they fit well overall with the history and social dynamics of the study group. The methods used confer a significant advantage in producing quantitative composite measures of each component of relationship quality, obtained in an objective manner. These findings therefore promote the use of such measures in future studies requiring an assessment of the qualities of dyadic social relationships.
Increased neural and pupillary reactivity to emotional faces in adolescents with current and remitted major depressive disorder

Abstract This study combined multiple levels of analysis to examine whether disrupted neural and pupillary reactivity to emotional faces serves as a state- or trait-like marker of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). The study examined differences in pupil dilation and the event-related potential (ERP) late positive potential (LPP) component to emotional faces before and after a negative mood induction between 71 adolescents (age 11–18 years) with (i) a current diagnosis of MDD, (ii) a past episode of MDD currently in full remission and (iii) no lifetime history of any Axis I disorder. Relative to healthy control (HC) youth, adolescents with current or remitted MDD exhibited an enhanced LPP and pupillary response to all emotional facial expressions (fearful, happy and sad). This difference in reactivity between remitted depressed and HC adolescents persisted following the negative mood induction. Results also revealed that LPP and pupillary responses to emotional faces were significantly related, but only among the currently depressed adolescents. This study suggests that increased physiological and neural activation in response to social-emotional stimuli may not only characterize currently depressed adolescents, but also remains following MDD remission, potentially serving as a mechanism of risk for future depression relapse.
Changing geographies of water-related consumption: residential swimming pools in suburban Barcelona

Swimming pools constitute an important part of the expanding suburban landscapes of many cities of southern Europe. Yet we know relatively little about their characteristics and especially about whether or not they capture a substantial part of urban water for the benefit of a few that could be used for other more essential tasks, especially in periods of scarcity. In this paper, taking the metropolitan region of Barcelona as a case study, we estimate the number of residential (private) swimming pools in this area, their characteristics and their water consumption. Our analysis is set against the context of important changes in the nature of the urbanisation process in Barcelona and in other southern European cities, namely the expansion of low-density growth and with this the expansion of outdoor water uses such as gardens planted with turf grass and swimming pools. However, results do not seem to support the assumption that swimming pools take a substantial part of the domestic water resources of the region or that they are a luxury affordable only by the very rich. Swimming pools represent little over 1 per cent of total domestic water consumption of the Barcelona region and they can be found in both higher and lower income municipalities. Nevertheless, swimming pools tend to be more often found in richer municipalities, which are also those observing higher per capita water consumption.
Psychometric properties of Croatian and Slovenian short form of oral health impact profile questionnaires.

AIM To develop Croatian and Slovenian versions of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) Questionnaire. METHODS The English original version of the OHIP questionnaire was translated into Croatian (OHIP-CRO14) and Slovenian (OHIP-SVN14) language by a forward-backward translation method. The psychometric properties of the OHIP-CRO14 and OHIP-SVN14 were tested. Concurrent validity was tested on 623 subjects (193 Croatian and 430 Slovenian), test-retest reliability on 115 subjects (55 Croatian and 60 Slovenian), internal consistency on 678 subjects (218 Croatian and 460 Slovenian), and responsiveness on 51 patients (21 Croatian and 30 Slovenian) in demand of treatment (toothache). RESULTS Concurrent validity was confirmed by the association between the OHIP summary scores and self-reported oral health (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.60, P<0.001). Test-retest reliability showed high intraclass correlation (correlation coefficients, 0.79-0.94). Internal consistency showed high Cronbach alpha (0.77-0.91). Responsiveness was confirmed by a significant difference between the mean OHIP score at baseline and follow-up (P<0.001 for both Croatian and Slovenian patients) and high effect size in Croatian and Slovenian patients in demand of treatment (3.00 and 0.57, respectively). CONCLUSION Psychometric properties of OHIP-CRO14 and OHIP-SVN14 render these instruments suitable for the assessment of Oral Health Related Quality of Life in Croatia and Slovenia.
Comparative assessment of young learners’ foreign language competence in three Eastern European countries

This paper concerns teacher practices in, and beliefs about, the assessment of young learners’ progress in English in three Eastern European countries (Slovenia, Croatia, and the Czech Republic). The central part of the paper focuses on an international project involving empirical research into assessment of young learners’ foreign language competence in Slovenia, Croatia and the Czech Republic. With the help of an adapted questionnaire, we collected data from a non‐random sample of primary and foreign language teachers who teach foreign languages at the primary level in these countries. The research shows that English as a foreign language is taught mostly by young teachers either primary specialists or foreign language teachers. These teachers most frequently use oral assessment/interviews or self‐developed tests. Other more authentic types of assessment, such as language portfolios, are rarely used. The teachers most frequently assess speaking and listening skills, and they use assessment involving vocabulary the most frequently of all. However, there are significant differences in practice among the three countries.
Math Growth Trajectories of Students With Disabilities

This study examined math growth trajectories by disability category, gender, race, and socioeconomic status using a nationally representative sample of students ages 7 to 17. The students represented 11 federal disability categories. Compared with the national norming sample, students in all 11 disability categories had lower math achievement levels and slower growth in elementary school. In secondary school, however, the math growth rate slowed down and was similar for all students. Among students with disabilities, those with speech or visual impairments had the highest math achievement, and those with multiple disabilities or intellectual disability had the lowest. Relative to students with learning disabilities on calculation, growth rates for students with autism were significantly slower and those for students with speech impairments decelerated significantly faster. For students with disabilities, gender, White–Black, and socioeconomic status math achievement gaps were significant and stable over time, whereas White–Hispanic math achievement gaps widened over time.
An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Paranormal and Spiritual Experiences on Peoples' Lives and Well-Being

Questionnaires were developed to investigate the effects that paranormal and transcendent/spiritual experiences have on peoples' lives. Data from a convenience sample of 120 people actively interested in parapsychology who reported having had at least one paranormal and/or transcendent experience showed that these experiences increased their interest and beliefs in spiritual matters and increased their sense of well-being. More specifically, the majority of respondents indicated that the experiences resulted in increased belief in life after death, belief that their lives are guided or watched over by a higher force or being, interest in spiritual or religious matters, sense of connection to others, happiness, well-being, confidence, optimism about the future, and meaning in life. They also indicated decreases in fear of death, depression or anxiety, isolation and loneliness, and worry and fears about the future. A large majority of respondents indicated that these effects resulted from a combination of more than one paranormal and/or transcendent experience. The magnitude of changes in well-being and spirituality were positively associated with the number of anomalous experiences. Measures of current well-being and current importance of spirituality were positively associated with reported changes in well-being and spirituality resulting from anomalous experiences. Although 45% of the respondents indicated that a paranormal experience had made them very afraid, this fear appeared to be temporary or mixed with positive feeling because only 9% indicated that their experiences have been scary with no positive value. Further research should investigate the extent to which the findings for this selected sample apply to other populations and the extent to which motivations relating to spirituality direct or underlie the occurrence of paranormal phenomena, including in experimental settings.
Protein S100 as Prognostic Marker for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Clinicopathological Risk Factor Analysis

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a heterogenous group of mesenchymal neoplasms ranging from semibenign tumors to highly aggressive neoplasms. Predicting their clinical behavior is challenging and criteria delineating benign from malignant cases are controversially discussed. The aims of the present study were to define the clinicopathological features of 35 GISTs and to determine whether any specific parameters were associated with the patient's outcome. In the present series, protein S100 (S100) expression was found in 13/35 (37%) patients with a varying staining intensity ranging between strong and moderate. The multivariate statistical analysis in the S100-positive group revealed a significantly poorer survival (p =. 0058) and a tendency for higher recurrence (p =. 052) compared to the negative GIST patients. Furthermore, the statistical analysis disclosed a correlation between the expression of CD117, CD34, desmin, and α-smooth muscle actin and survival or recurrence (p >. 05). Positive immunoreactivity was seen for CD117 in 25 (71%) patients and for CD34 in 19 (54%) patients. In addition we confirmed the previously reported impact of initial tumor size on survival and recurrence rate (p =. 034 and p =. 039). The series was also analyzed according to established prognostic factors (tumor size and mitotic activity), which indicated that 77% of S100-positive cases were at high risk for malignant tumor behavior, 15% at intermediate risk, and 8% at low risk. Based on these findings, we suggest that protein S100 represents an additional prognostic factor to better define the malignant potential of GISTs and stratify the risk for each patient.
SPITZER SPECTROSCOPY OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS IN THE 5 Myr OLD UPPER SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION

We present mid-infrared spectra between 5.2 and 38 μm for 26 disk-bearing members of the ∼5 Myr old Upper Scorpius OB association obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. We find clear evidence for changes in the spectral characteristics of dust emission between the early-type (B+A) and late-type (K+M) infrared excess stars. The early-type members exhibit featureless continuum excesses that become apparent redward of ∼8 μm. In contrast, 10 and 20 μm silicate features or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission are present in all but one of the late-type excess members of Upper Scorpius. The strength of silicate emission among late-type Upper Scorpius members is spectral-type dependent, with the most prominent features being associated with K5–M2-type stars. By fitting the spectral energy distributions (SED) of a representative sample of low-mass stars with accretion disk models, we find that the SEDs are consistent with models having inner disk radii ranging from ∼0.2 to 1.2 AU. Complementary high-resolution (R ∼ 33, 000) optical (λλ4800–9200) spectra for the Upper Scorpius excess stars were examined for signatures of gaseous accretion. Of the 35 infrared excess stars identified in Upper Scorpius, only seven (all late-type) exhibit definitive signatures of accretion. Mass-accretion rates () for these stars were estimated to range from 10−11 to 10−8.9 M☉ yr−1. Compared to Class II sources in Taurus–Auriga, the disk population in Upper Scorpius exhibits reduced levels of near- and mid-infrared excess emission and an order of magnitude lower mass-accretion rates. These results suggest that the disk structure has changed significantly over the 2–4 Myr in age separating these two stellar populations. The ubiquity of depleted inner disks in the Upper Scorpius excess sample implies that such disks are a common evolutionary pathway that persists for some time.
Eliciting Tacit Expertise in 3D Volume Segmentation

The output of 3D volume segmentation is crucial to a wide range of endeavors. Producing accurate segmentations often proves to be both inefficient and challenging, in part due to lack of imaging data quality (contrast and resolution), and because of ambiguity in the data that can only be resolved with higher-level knowledge of the structure and the context wherein it resides. Automatic and semi-automatic approaches are improving, but in many cases still fail or require substantial manual clean-up or intervention. Expert manual segmentation and review is therefore still the gold standard for many applications. Unfortunately, existing tools (both custom-made and commercial) are often designed based on the underlying algorithm, not the best method for expressing higher-level intention. Our goal is to analyze manual (or semi-automatic) segmentation to gain a better understanding of both low-level (perceptual tasks and actions) and high-level decision making. This can be used to produce segmentation tools that are more accurate, efficient, and easier to use. Questioning or observation alone is insufficient to capture this information, so we utilize a hybrid capture protocol that blends observation, surveys, and eye tracking. We then developed, and validated, data coding schemes capable of discerning low-level actions and overall task structures.