Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Too emotional to be capable? The changing nature of emotion work in definitions of ‘capable teaching’

This article uses the concept of emotional labour to understand some of the changes that are ongoing in the teaching profession. While research has explored the impact of the new performance culture upon teachers’ work and identified a marginalisation of the caring and emotional aspects of teaching, the concept of emotional labour allows us to extend this argument. Using interviews with teachers who have had their capability questioned, in the majority of cases through the threat or implementation of capability procedures, this article draws upon newer conceptualisations of emotional labour to analyse some of the changes teachers are experiencing with the introduction of new accountability and performance systems. Utilising Bolton’s typology of different forms of emotion management in the workplace, we argue it is possible to recognise the distinctiveness of the emotion work carried out by teachers and identify why teachers’ emotion work is particularly vulnerable to the educational reforms associated with the standards agenda. We suggest that not only is there a shift away from the caring aspects of teaching, but also the emotional work teachers are expected to perform is becoming increasingly prescribed in ways that mirror the management of emotional labour carried out in the service sector. This is particularly the case in the primary sector where the majority of teachers in the study were working.
Trial of labor versus elective repeat cesarean section for the women with a previous cesarean section: a decision analysis

In order to reduce the cesarean-delivery rate, more and more pregnant women are offered trials of labor (TOL) after their previous cesarean sections. TOL and elective repeat cesarean section (ERCS) have different risks and benefits. We constructed a decision analysis to explore this issue. Probabilities were derived from literature reviews. Health state utilities were derived from the authors' clinical judgement. The analysis considered the disutility of the procedures and the disutilities of the morbidity. Using the baseline assumption, ERCS was superior to TOL. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that the result was insensitive to all of the probability estimates and the disutilities of the morbidity. However, the result was sensitive to the patient's preference for ERCS, successful TOL, or failed TOL. The analysis indicates that the best delivery method for a woman who has had a previous cesarean section depends on patient's preference. More patients' preference studies are needed.
The Emotional and Behavioral Impact of Terrorism on Children: Results from a National Survey

To examine the emotional and behavioral impact of terrorism on children across the country, telephone interviews were conducted with a national probability sample of 395 parents of 5- to 18-year-old children from November 9 to 28, 2001. Parents reported on child emotional and behavioral reactions to terrorism, parent-child discussions about terrorism, and terrorism-related school activities. Thirty percent of parents reported more than 4 terrorism-related emotional or behavioral reactions in their child. Latinos and parents with lower household incomes reported greater terrorism-related reactions in children. Thirty-eight percent of parents reported talking with their child about terrorism for 1 hr or more in the week prior to the interview. Topics of terrorism-related parent-child discussions included the child's fears for his or her own safety, taking precautions against anthrax, and avoiding large gathering places. Children's emotional and behavioral reactions were positively associated with the frequency of parents' discussions about all 3 topics; the last 2 precautionary topics were also more common in households where respondents had less education, were non-White, and had lower household incomes. Two-thirds of parents also reported activities in their child's school in response to terrorism, such as conducting special classroom activities or assemblies (44%), providing counseling for students (44%), and providing materials or information for parents (44%) to help children cope. Significant differences in terrorism-related topics discussed and symptoms reported among different sociodemographic groups suggest that the impact of terrorism may be unevenly distributed across society, which has important implications for terrorism preparedness and response policies.
Evaluation of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell binding peptide as a bone graft material in the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects: A clinico-radiographic study

Background: Various bone graft materials have been used in the treatment of periodontal defects. A synthetic bone substitute material composed of P-15 with anorganic bone mineral has been scantly studied. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix (ABM)/cell binding peptide (P-15) in human periodontal infrabony defects with that of open flap debridement (OFD) alone. Materials and Methods: A split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical study was designed to investigate the efficacy of ABM/P-15. In this clinical trial, 10 patients having bilateral periodontal infrabony defects were treated either with ABM/P-15 or OFD and followed for a period of 9 months. At baseline and at 9 months probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), depth of a defect, and radiographic bone level were measured; and compared between test and control sites. Results: A statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001) in PPD was observed in test sites compared to control sites. Both sites showed a gain in RAL without any significant difference. Similarly, the radiographic evaluation revealed significantly higher radiographic defect fill in test sites as compared to control sites (P < 0.001). Conclusion: ABM/P-15 bone graft material appears to be useful and beneficial in the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects.
Inheritance effects in the new media environment

Despite recent interest in new technologies, media researchers have not examined the impact of remote control devices, VCRs, and cable television on inheritance effects. In this study, inheritance effects in network primetime programming were found to have increased between 1979 and 1982, a period of rapid growth in cable television penetration, and then to have decreased between 1982 and 1985, as the sales of remote control tuning devices jumped. These results were discussed in the context of the changing composition of the network primetime television audience.
Maltreated Female Delinquents Speak About Their Communication Behaviors

Qualitative methodology was used to explore how incarcerated female delinquents described their communication behaviors in multiple contexts, including the influence of maltreatment experiences and their communication skills. Twenty youth ranging in age from 14 to 18 years of age were interviewed about their communications with friends, parents, and other authority figures and how maltreatment related to their communication skills. Data were triangulated through a review of school records, administration of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-3, and interviews. Four themes emerged: participant communication, feelings and emotions, trust, and maltreatment. Results revealed that four participants were potential candidates for language services but had never received any kind of intervention. Implications suggest that speech-language pathologists and educators need to be aware of how maltreatment affects communication. Recommendations include early identification of children with communication problems and collaboration between speech-language pathologists and special educators to address the needs of these children.
Seroprevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 in several regions of Italy.

OBJECTIVE To study the seroprevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus type 8 (KSHV/HHV-8) in 779 Italian blood donors. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Sera were tested for antibodies to a latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and a capsid related protein encoded by ORF65. RESULTS Among all Italian donors, 17.7% and 18.7% had antibodies to LANA and ORF65 protein, respectively, and 24.1% had antibodies to at least one antigen. KSHV/HHV-8 seroprevalence was higher in the Po valley and in Sardinia than close to the sub-Alpine Veneto region, Tuscany, or Apulia. KSHV/HHV-8 seroprevalence was almost equally distributed between men and women but increased in the older age groups. CONCLUSIONS The regional differences and age distribution in seroprevalence agree partially with the incidence of classic KS in Italy. The rarity of classic KS in KSHV/HHV-8-infected subjects and the equal gender distribution of seroprevalence suggest that other cofactors may contribute to KS development in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-uninfected individuals.
Visual Artists and Imagery

Early scholarly investigations, as well as artists' notebooks, diaries, and personal statements attest to the fact that visual artists use various mental imagery procedures as they make art. Using these statements and the iii Framework (a model that details the connection of imagination to artistic action) as points of departure, the researcher interviewed thirteen young professional artists to explore the role and function of imagery in their art-making. Responses suggested that artists depend upon their mental imagery in three essential phases of art-making: collecting and storing images, art-making itself, and response to completed paintings. Of particular interest are the ways in which artists work to match their internal images to external product through skillful manipulation of art elements and use of artistic principles.
Graphitization of n-type polycrystalline silicon carbide and its application for micro- supercapacitors

Owing to the high power density, long life time and environmentally friendly characteristics, micro-supercapacitors have attracted much attention for powering microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. This paper describes the fabrication and performance of a planar micro-supercapacitor. The fabrication process is large scale and IC compatible, and thus it can be integrated with microelectronics. The device, made of high conductivity graphitic carbon (GC) on nitrogen-doped polycrystalline 3C-SiC (poly-SiC), has very high charge/discharge rates. The incorporated nitrogen in the carbon electrode induces pseudo-capacitance and realizes nearly twice the specific capacitance value reported on carbon nanotube (CNT) supercapacitors.
DRUG EFFECTS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LARGE ARTERIES IN HUMANS

1 Arteries become stiffer with increasing age and various disease states. A complete description of arterial mechanical properties in vivo is not possible, although a number of methods have been used. 2 Detailed discussion in the present review is limited to pulse wave velocity and estimates of central waveform morphology derived by the application of a generalized arterial transfer function. 3 Many drugs affect these parameters, either increasing or decreasing apparent stiffness. However, the extent to which changes reflect changes in blood pressure rather than more fundamental vessel wall properties remains unclear. Similarly, it is as yet unknown whether determining the need for, or assessing the effectiveness of, drug treatment by the assessment of arterial mechanical properties will offer any advantage and the usefulness of these techniques as routine clinical tools remains to be established.
Evaluative inference in social cognition: The roles of direct versus indirect evaluation and positive-negative asymmetry

Various implications regarding evaluative inference in social cognition are derived from (a) a relativistic evaluative-meaning concept dealing with evaluation as an interaction between descriptive attributes associated with the perceived object on the one side and evaluative standards belonging to the perceiver on the other side, and (b) a concept of evaluative positive-negative asymmetry that completes and integrates more simple concepts regarding the halo effect, negativity effect, and positivity bias. In subsequent sections empirical support for those implications is provided from (a) a review of previous research on impression formation, and (b) two new experiments in which effects associated with positivity bias, negativity effect, halo effect and the supplements implied by the positive-negative asymmetry concept were isolated from each other using a multifactorial ANOVA design. The results showed strong halo effects and positivity biases. Room for negativity effects was left only under very specific conditions which, however, were consistent with the positive-negative asymmetry concept.
Developing transformational leaders: the full range leadership model in action

Purpose – To explain and illustrate the innovative full range leadership (FRL) model from Bass and Avolio and to demonstrate how this model can be utilized within organizations to develop transformational leadership.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes in detail the FRL model and shows how the transformational leadership styles identified within the model are highly correlated with leader performance. Drawing on extensive personal consulting experience, the paper then outlines how the model, and the associated multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ), can be used successfully in training/development interventions in organizations.Findings – The FRL model is probably the most research and validated leadership model in use world‐wide today. The transformational styles described by the model are highly correlated with leadership success. Transformational leadership can be successfully taught by a development process which utilizes a combination of 360 degree feedback using the MLQ, structured.
Remodeling a DNA-binding protein as a specific in vivo inhibitor of bacterial secretin PulD

We engineered a class of proteins that binds selected polypeptides with high specificity and affinity. Use of the protein scaffold of Sac7d, belonging to a protein family that binds various ligands, overcomes limitations inherent in the use of antibodies as intracellular inhibitors: it lacks disulfide bridges, is small and stable, and can be produced in large amounts. An in vitro combinatorial/selection approach generated specific, high-affinity (up to 140 pM) binders against bacterial outer membrane secretin PulD. When exported to the Escherichia coli periplasm, they inhibited PulD oligomerization, thereby blocking the type II secretion pathway of which PulD is part. Thus, high-affinity inhibitors of protein function can be derived from Sac7d and can be exported to, and function in, a cell compartment other than that in which they are produced.
The Association of Patient Chronic Disease Burden and Self-Management Requirements With Shared Decision Making in Primary Care Visits

Background: Shared decision making (SDM) is associated with positive health outcomes and may be particularly relevant for patients with chronic disease. Objectives: To investigate whether (1) patients with chronic diseases, particularly those requiring self-management, are more likely to engage in SDM behaviors than patients without chronic diseases and (2) patients with chronic diseases are more likely to have their physicians engage them in SDM. Design: A cross-sectional study of patients who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to improve patient–physician communication. Participants: Adult patients with hypertension at community health clinics in Baltimore, Maryland. Approach: We used multivariable regression models to examine the associations of the following predictor variables: (1) chronic disease burden and (2) diseases requiring self-management with the following outcome variables measuring SDM components: (1) patient information sharing, (2) patient decision making, and (3) physician SDM facilitation. Key Results: Patients with greater chronic disease burden and more diseases requiring self-management reported more information sharing (β = .07, P = .03 and β = .12, P = .046, respectively) and decision making (β = .06, P = .02 and β = .21, P < .001) as did patients who reported poor general health. Physician facilitation of SDM was not associated with chronic disease burden or with diseases requiring self-management but was associated with higher patient income. Conclusions: Patients with chronic diseases, particularly those requiring self-management, may be more likely to engage in SDM behaviors, but physicians may not be more likely to engage such patients in SDM. Targeting patients with chronic disease for SDM may improve health outcomes among the chronically ill, particularly among vulnerable patients (eg, minorities, low-income patients) who suffer disproportionately from such conditions.
Intravesical real-time imaging and staging of bladder cancer: Use of optical coherence tomography

592 | October-December 2008 | 3 in the laparoscopy group (P=0.02). However, Euro-QOL scores were comparable in the two groups at three and 12 months. The postoperative recovery was faster in the laparoscopy group as compared to the open group (41 vs. 62 days, P=0.04). The authors concluded that laparoscopic nephrectomy results in lesser postoperative pain, fewer late postoperative complications and faster return to normal activities than open nephrectomy.
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the clustering of galaxy groups

We measure the clustering of galaxy groups in the 2dFGRS Percolation-Inferred Galaxy Group (2PIGG) catalogue. The 2PIGG sample has 28 877 groups with at least two members. The clustering amplitude of the full 2PIGG catalogue is weaker than that of 2dFGRS galaxies, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We have subdivided the 2PIGG catalogue into samples that span a factor of ≈ 25 in median total luminosity. Our correlation function measurements span an unprecedented range of clustering strengths, connecting the regimes probed by groups fainter than L∗ galaxies and rich clusters. There is a steady increase in clustering strength with group luminosity; the most luminous groups are 10 times more strongly clustered than the full 2PIGG catalogue. We demonstrate that the 2PIGG results are in very good agreement with the
Sparse Recovery of Positive Signals with Minimal Expansion

We investigate the sparse recovery problem of reconstructing a high-dimensional non-negative sparse vector from lower dimensional linear measurements. While much work has focused on dense measurement matrices, sparse measurement schemes are crucial in applications, such as DNA microarrays and sensor networks, where dense measurements are not practically feasible. One possible construction uses the adjacency matrices of expander graphs, which often leads to recovery algorithms much more efficient than $\ell_1$ minimization. However, to date, constructions based on expanders have required very high expansion coefficients which can potentially make the construction of such graphs difficult and the size of the recoverable sets small. In this paper, we construct sparse measurement matrices for the recovery of non-negative vectors, using perturbations of the adjacency matrix of an expander graph with much smaller expansion coefficient. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for $\ell_1$ optimization to successfully recover the unknown vector and obtain expressions for the recovery threshold. For certain classes of measurement matrices, this necessary and sufficient condition is further equivalent to the existence of a "unique" vector in the constraint set, which opens the door to alternative algorithms to $\ell_1$ minimization. We further show that the minimal expansion we use is necessary for any graph for which sparse recovery is possible and that therefore our construction is tight. We finally present a novel recovery algorithm that exploits expansion and is much faster than $\ell_1$ optimization. Finally, we demonstrate through theoretical bounds, as well as simulation, that our method is robust to noise and approximate sparsity.
Influence of type 1 diabetes on basal and agonist‐induced permeability of the blood–brain barrier

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐dependent responses of cerebral arterioles. However, the influence of T1D on another critical aspect of endothelial cell function in the cerebral microcirculation, i.e., regulation of permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), remains largely unknown. Our goal was to examine basal and agonist‐induced changes in permeability of the BBB in nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic (streptozotocin; 50 mg/kg IP) rats. On the day of the experiment (2–3 months after streptozotocin), a craniotomy was made over the parietal cortex in nondiabetic and diabetic rats. We measured the permeability of the BBB (FITC‐dextran‐10K) under basal conditions and during application of histamine. We also measured diameter of cerebral arterioles in response to histamine in the absence and presence of NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (L‐NMMA). We found that basal permeability of the BBB was elevated in T1D and application of histamine did not produce a further increase in permeability. In contrast, basal permeability of the BBB was minimal in nondiabetics and histamine produced an increase in permeability. In addition, histamine‐induced arteriolar dilation was less in diabetics than in nondiabetics, and vasodilation to histamine was inhibited by L‐NMMA. Our findings suggest that T1D‐induced endothelial dysfunction leads to an increase in basal permeability of the BBB, but decreases the ability of the endothelium of the BBB to respond to an important inflammatory mediator. Thus, T1D impairs two critical aspects of endothelial cell function in the cerebral microcirculation, i.e., basal and agonist‐induced changes in permeability of the BBB and arteriolar dilation.