Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Gaussian MAC with Imperfect Feedback

New achievable regions are derived for the two-user additive white Gaussian multiple-access channel (MAC) with noisy feedback. We treat the general scenario as well as the symmetric setting and the partial feedback setting. Unlike previously-known achievable regions, the new regions yield sum-rates that are strictly larger than the no-feedback sum-rate capacity, irrespective of the (positive & finite) Gaussian feedback-noise variance. In the symmetric setting, our proposed coding scheme achieves sum-rates that converge to Ozarow's noiseless-feedback sum-rate capacity as the feedback-noise variance tends to zero. In the partial-feedback setting, where one of the transmitters has a perfect feedback link and the other has no feedback at all, we show that the Cover-Leung region (which was originally proposed for perfect-feedback channels but which was later shown to be achievable also with partial feedback) is not tight. This answers in the negative the question posed by van der Meulen as to whether the Cover-Leung region is tight for the Gaussian multiple-access channel with partial feedback. We also propose a coding scheme for the case where the receiver is cognizant of the realization of the noise on the feedback-link.
Global Ca2+ Signaling Drives Ribbon-Independent Synaptic Transmission at Rod Bipolar Cell Synapses

Ribbon-type presynaptic active zones are a hallmark of excitatory retinal synapses, and the ribbon organelle is thought to serve as the organizing point of the presynaptic active zone. Imaging of exocytosis from isolated retinal neurons, however, has revealed ectopic release (i.e., release away from ribbons) in significant quantities. Here, we demonstrate in an in vitro mouse retinal slice preparation that ribbon-independent release from rod bipolar cells activates postsynaptic AMPARs on AII amacrine cells. This form of release appears to draw on a unique, ribbon-independent, vesicle pool. Experimental, anatomical, and computational analyses indicate that it is elicited by a significant, global elevation of intraterminal [Ca2+] arising following local buffer saturation. Our observations support the conclusion that ribbon-independent release provides a read-out of the average behavior of all of the active zones in a rod bipolar cell's terminal.
Guessing Attacks on Distributed-Storage Systems

The secrecy of a distributed-storage system for passwords is studied. The encoder, Alice, observes a length-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> password and describes it using two hints, which she stores in different locations. The legitimate receiver, Bob, observes both hints and the eavesdropper, Eve, only one. In one scenario—the “guessing version”—we require that the expected number of guesses it takes Bob to guess the password approach one as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tends to infinity, and in the second—the “listsize version”—that the expected size of the shortest list that Bob must form to guarantee that it contain the password approach one. Assuming that Alice cannot control which hint Eve observes, the largest normalized (by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) exponent that can be guaranteed for the expected number of guesses it takes Eve to guess the password is characterized for each scenario. Key to the proof are new results on Massey–Arikan guessing, Bunte–Lapidoth task-encoding, and the close relation between them. A generalization that allows for Alice to produce <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (not necessarily two) hints, for Bob to observe <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\nu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (not necessarily two) of the hints, and for Eve to observe <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (not necessarily one) of the hints is also discussed. This models scenarios where hints are stored on fail-prone disks.
Toric resolutions of heterotic orbifolds

We investigate resolutions of heterotic orbifolds using toric geometry. Our starting point is provided by the recently constructed heterotic models on explicit blowup of C{sup n}/Z{sub n} singularities. We show that the values of the relevant integrals, computed there, can be obtained as integrals of divisors (complex codimension one hypersurfaces) interpreted as (1, 1)-forms in toric geometry. Motivated by this we give a self-contained introduction to toric geometry for nonexperts, focusing on those issues relevant for the construction of heterotic models on toric orbifold resolutions. We illustrate the methods by building heterotic models on the resolutions of C{sup 2}/Z{sub 3}, C{sup 3}/Z{sub 4}, and C{sup 3}/Z{sub 2}xZ{sub 2}{sup '}. We are able to obtain a direct identification between them and the known orbifold models. In the C{sup 3}/Z{sub 2}xZ{sub 2}{sup '} case we observe that, in spite of the existence of two inequivalent resolutions, fully consistent blowup models of heterotic orbifolds can only be constructed on one of them.
A hierarchical parallel placement technique based on genetic algorithm

Deep-sub-micron technology (DSM) of 0.18 micron and below enable the integration of logical circuits having more than 10 million gates. In such a DSM technology, layout design has become the dominant design phase. This paper discusses a novel performance-driven placement technique. The proposed algorithm based on genetic algorithms (GA) has a two-level hierarchical structure. For selection control, new objective functions are introduced for improving chip area, interconnect delay and power consumption. In order to reduce run time, the two kind of parallel processing suitable for hierarchical processing is introduced. Experimental results show improvement comparison with commercial EDA tool.
Implicit association via crowd-sourced coselection

The interaction of vast numbers of search engine users with sets of search results sets is a potential source of significant quantities of resource classification data. In this paper we discuss work which uses coselection data (i.e. multiple click-through events generated by the same user on a single search engine result page) as an indicator of mutual relevance between web resources and a means for the automatic clustering of sense-singular resources. The results indicate that coselection can be used in this way. We ground-truthed unambiguous query clustering, forming a foundation for work on automatic ambiguity detection based on the resulting number of generated clusters. Using the cluster overlap by population principle, the extension of previous work allowed determination of synonyms or lingual translations where overlapping clusters indicated the mutual relevance in coselection and subsequently the irrelevance of the actual label inherited from the user query.
The new patron state in South Korea: cultural policy, democracy and the market economy

ABSTRACT This article explores conceptual frameworks for understanding Korea’s contemporary cultural policy by looking into the historical transformation of the culture-state-market relations in the country. It argues that Korea has become ‘a new kind of patron state’, which emulates the existing patron states in the West firmly within the statist framework and ambitiously renders government-led growth of cultural industries (and the Korean Wave) as a new responsibility of the state. The formation of Korea’s new patron state has been driven by a ‘parallel movement’ consisting of democracy and the market economy, which has defined the political and socio-economic trajectory of Korean society itself since the 1990s. Democracy has been articulated in cultural policy as cultural freedom, cultural enjoyment and the arm’s length principle; meanwhile, the market economy of culture has been facilitated by a ‘dynamic push’ of the state. After discussing the parallel movement, the article points out the tension, ambiguity and contradiction entailed in cultural policy of the new patron state.
Fatty Acid and Phenolic Compound Concentrations in Eight Different Monovarietal Virgin Olive Oils from Extremadura and the Relationship with Oxidative Stability

Olive oils have been shown to be more resistant to oxidation than other vegetable fats, mainly due to their fatty acid (FA) profile which is rich in oleic acid and to their high content of antioxidants, principally phenols and tocopherols. This has situated virgin olive oils (VOOs) among the fats of high nutritional quality. However, it is important to stress that the oil’s commercial category (olive oil, virgin olive oil, extra-virgin olive oil), the variety of the source plant, and the extraction-conservation systems all decisively influence the concentration of these antioxidants and the oil’s shelf-life. The present work studied the fatty acid (FA) and phenolic composition and the oxidative stability (OS) of eight olive varieties grown in Extremadura (Arbequina, Cornicabra, Manzanilla Cacereña, Manzanilla de Sevilla, Morisca, Pico Limón, Picual, and Verdial de Badajoz), with the olives being harvested at different locations and dates. The Cornicabra, Picual, and Manzanilla Cacereña VOOs were found to have high oleic acid contents (>77.0%), while the VOOs of Morisca and Verdial de Badajoz had high linoleic acid contents (>14.5%). Regarding the phenol content, high values were found in the Cornicabra (633 mg·kg−1) and Morisca (550 mg·kg−1) VOOs, and low values in Arbequina (200 mg·kg−1). The OS was found to depend upon both the variety and the date of harvesting. It was higher in the Cornicabra and Picual oils (>55 h), and lower in those of Verdial de Badajoz (26.3 h), Arbequina (29.8 h), and Morisca (31.5 h). In relating phenols and FAs with the OS, it was observed that, while the latter, particularly the linoleic content (R = −0.710, p < 0.001, n = 135), constitute the most influential factors, the phenolic compounds, especially o-diphenols, are equally influential when the oils’ linoleic content is ≥12.5% (R = 0.674, p < 0.001, n = 47). The results show that VOOs’ resistance to oxidation depends not only on the FA or phenolic profile, but also on the interaction of these compounds within the same matrix.
Chandra Observations of the Galaxy Cluster A478: The Interaction of Hot Gas and Radio Plasma in the Core, and an Improved Determination of the Compton y-Parameter

We present the results from a 42 ks Chandra ACIS observation of the galaxy cluster A478. This cluster is generally considered to be highly relaxed. The Chandra image reveals, for the first time, X-ray cavities in the hot gas within the central 15 kpc radius of A478. Two weak and small (~4 kpc) radio lobes that extend from the central nucleus are detected in a 1.4 GHz VLA observation. The radio lobes are roughly along the direction of the X-ray cavities, but are much smaller than the X-ray cavities. We propose a "doughnut" configuration for the hot gas within the central 15 kpc, created by the interaction of the gas with the radio plasma that originated from the nucleus. The current radio activity of the central radio source is weak (~0.2% of Hydra A) and the total radio power is at least 10 times smaller than the minimum power needed to create the cavities. We compare A478 with other galaxy clusters in which similar X-ray cavities were found. A478 and A4059 host much weaker central radio sources than do others with similarly sized X-ray cavities. On larger scales, deprojected temperature and density profiles are obtained for A478. We used these to derive the Compton y-parameter, for the first time, through direct integration. The result has a much smaller statistical uncertainty than previous ones. This serves as an example of how high-quality X-ray data can help constrain H0. The corresponding H0 also was derived combining the available Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect measurement.
Lack of Mucosal Immune Reconstitution during Prolonged Treatment of Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection

Background During acute and early HIV-1 infection (AEI), up to 60% of CD4+ T cells in the lamina propria of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract are lost as early as 2–4 wk after infection. Reconstitution in the peripheral blood during therapy with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is well established. However, the extent of immune reconstitution in the GI tract is unknown. Methods and Findings Fifty-four AEI patients and 18 uninfected control participants underwent colonic biopsy. Forty of the 54 AEI patients were followed after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (18 were studied longitudinally with sequential biopsies over a 3-y period after beginning HAART, and 22 were studied cross sectionally after 1–7 y of uninterrupted therapy). Lymphocyte subsets, markers of immune activation and memory in the peripheral blood and GI tract were determined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridization was performed in order to identify persistent HIV-1 RNA expression. Of the patients studied, 70% maintained, on average, a 50%–60% depletion of lamina propria lymphocytes despite 1–7 y of HAART. Lymphocytes expressing CCR5 and both CCR5 and CXCR4 were persistently and preferentially depleted. Levels of immune activation in the memory cell population, CD45RO+ HLA-DR+, returned to levels seen in the uninfected control participants in the peripheral blood, but were elevated in the GI tract of patients with persistent CD4+ T cell depletion despite therapy. Rare HIV-1 RNA–expressing cells were detected by in situ hybridization. Conclusions Apparently suppressive treatment with HAART during acute and early infection does not lead to complete immune reconstitution in the GI mucosa in the majority of patients studied, despite immune reconstitution in the peripheral blood. Though the mechanism remains obscure, the data suggest that there is either viral or immune-mediated accelerated T cell destruction or, possibly, alterations in T cell homing to the GI tract. Although clinically silent over the short term, the long-term consequences of the persistence of this lesion may emerge as the HIV-1–infected population survives longer owing to the benefits of HAART.
Intraday Market Dynamics Around Public Information Arrivals

I analyze the price discovery, liquidity provision, and transaction-cost components driven by the real-time firm-specific news at the Paris Bourse. I find that the news impact depends on which type of news bulletin is released. Only news items causing extreme price disruptions such as earnings announcements enlarge spreads and information asymmetry risk. In contrast, the greater part of real-time firm-specific news releases is a magnet for liquidity and trading. This research provides insights into the market quality of limit-order book markets in which liquidity provision dynamically adapts to market conditions and information events. Limit order traders sustain liquidity even when facing extreme news impacts.
Compressed Learning of Deep Neural Networks for OpenCL-Capable Embedded Systems

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been quite successful in solving many complex learning problems. However, DNNs tend to have a large number of learning parameters, leading to a large memory and computation requirement. In this paper, we propose a model compression framework for efficient training and inference of deep neural networks on embedded systems. Our framework provides data structures and kernels for OpenCL-based parallel forward and backward computation in a compressed form. In particular, our method learns sparse representations of parameters using ℓ 1 -based sparse coding while training, storing them in compressed sparse matrices. Unlike the previous works, our method does not require a pre-trained model as an input and therefore can be more versatile for different application environments. Even though the use of ℓ 1 -based sparse coding for model compression is not new, we show that it can be far more effective than previously reported when we use proximal point algorithms and the technique of debiasing. Our experiments show that our method can produce minimal learning models suitable for small embedded devices.
Syntactically Recognizable Modularly Stratified Programs

We present an eecient evaluation technique for modularly stratiied programs for which the local strata level mappings are known at compile time. We present an important subclass of these programs (called EMS-programs) in which one can easily express problems such as shortest distance, company ownership, bill of materials, preferential vote counting, and matrix diagonalization. Programs written in this style are easier to understand and can be eeciently computed. Another virtue of these programs is that their modular-stratiication properties are independent of the extensional database. We also present compiler optimizations for EMS-programs.
FM Dye Photo-Oxidation as a Tool for Monitoring Membrane Recycling in Inner Hair Cells

Styryl (FM) dyes have been used for more than two decades to investigate exo- and endocytosis in conventional synapses. However, they are difficult to use in the inner hair cells of the auditory pathway (IHCs), as FM dyes appear to penetrate through mechanotransducer channels into the cytosol of IHCs, masking endocytotic uptake. To solve this problem we applied to IHCs the FM dye photo-oxidation technique, which renders the dyes into electron microscopy markers. Photo-oxidation allowed the unambiguous identification of labeled organelles, despite the presence of FM dye in the cytosol. This enabled us to describe the morphologies of several organelles that take up membrane in IHCs, both at rest and during stimulation. At rest, endosome-like organelles were detected in the region of the cuticular plate. Larger tubulo-cisternal organelles dominated the top and nuclear regions. Finally, the basal region, where the IHC active zones are located, contained few labeled organelles. Stimulation increased significantly membrane trafficking in the basal region, inducing the appearance of labeled vesicles and cistern-like organelles. The latter were replaced by small, synaptic-like vesicles during recovery after stimulation. In contrast, no changes in membrane trafficking were induced by stimulation in the cuticular plate region or in the top and nuclear regions. We conclude that synaptic vesicle recycling takes place mostly in the basal region of the IHCs. Other organelles participate in abundant constitutive membrane trafficking throughout the rest of the IHC volume.
Don't Panic: A Guide to Claims of Increasing Concentration

The Obama Administration’s Council of Economic Advisers expressed concern that competition was threatened by increasing industry concentration. Academics, commentators, and journalists have joined the chorus. But none demonstrated increasing concentration of meaningful markets, as are used in antitrust to assess the impact of mergers and trade restraints. The claims of increasing concentration are based on data that are far too aggregated. Market concentration can remain the same or decline despite increasing concentration for broad aggregates. Mergers have not increased concentration in airline and banking markets. Moreover, where market concentration has increased, that does not demonstrate a failure of antitrust law or its enforcement; market concentration naturally increases when the most innovative and efficient firms grow.
Induction of Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by the Murine Orthologue of Tumor Protein D52

Expression studies have consistently identified tumor protein D52 (TPD52) overexpression in tumor cells. Murine TPD52 (mD52) shares 86% identity with the human orthologue. To study a possible role for TPD52 in transformation, 3T3 fibroblasts were transfected with the full-length cDNA for mD52. Expression of mD52 was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis compared with 3T3 and vector-transfected 3T3 (3T3.V), and the resultant cell line was designated 3T3.mD52. At 4 weeks, 3T3.mD52 gained a 2-fold increase in growth rate, lost contact inhibition, and exhibited a marked phenotype change. Further characterization revealed an acquired ability for anchorage-independent cell growth. To determine whether 3T3.mD52 had become tumorigenic, naïve, healthy, immunocompetent syngeneic mice were inoculated subcutaneously with varying cell doses. Tumors measuring >1 cm2 were detected 60 days postinoculation with 3T3.mD52, and a 50% subcutaneous tumor incidence was obtained with as few as 5 × 105 3T3.mD52 cells. Remarkably, when lungs from 3T3.mD52 tumor-bearing mice were analyzed, numerous tumor nodules were observed, ranging from nodules less than 10 to nodules too numerous to count (inoculation with 1 × 105 and 5 × 106 cells, respectively). Further support for the metastatic capacity of 3T3.mD52 was the demonstration that transforming growth factor (TGF)-βR1 (receptor) expression decreased and TGF-β1 secretion increased in 3T3.mD52 compared with 3T3 controls. cDNA microarray analysis showed a gene expression pattern that further supported mD52-induced transformation and metastasis. Together, these data suggest that mD52 expression in 3T3 cells initiated cellular transformation, tumorigenesis, and progression to metastasis. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(2):133–44)
On the life prediction and accelerated testing of solder joints

Summary form only given. A critical review of the life prediction and accelerated testing of solder joints, including the role of constitutive modeling and the factors of accelerated testing, is presented in this paper. As a perfect example, a Ford solder joint specimen was used to investigate accelerated testing factors under various accelerated testing conditions in terms of thermal fatigue life. Moreover, a typical PQFP (plastic quad flat pack) package was chosen to clarify the significance of fatigue life prediction in terms of different finite element models and unified and separated constitutive models. Thermal fatigue life prediction of flip chip packages with ball pitch sizes from 250 /spl mu/m to 50 /spl mu/m has been performed to illustrate underfill strengthening mechanisms and obtain an upper bound of accelerated testing factors, which can reduce testing time from three years to one week. Rate/temperature-dependent nonlinear properties of both eutectic solder and FP4526 underfill have been embedded in the ABAQUS finite element analysis for flip chip packages. All of these examples enlighten key points addressed in this report.
Geometric Interpretation of the Derivatives of Parallel Robots’ Jacobian Matrix With Application to Stiffness Control

This paper presents a closed-form formulation and geometrical interpretation of the derivatives of the Jacobian matrix of fully parallel robots with respect to the moving platforms' position/orientation variables. Similar to the Jacobian matrix, these derivatives are proven to be also groups of lines that together with the lines of the instantaneous direct kinematics matrix govern the singularities of the active stiffness control. This geometric interpretation is utilized in an example of a planar 3 degrees-of-freedom redundant robot to determine its active stiffness control singularity.