Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of DNMT3A mutations in patients with intermediate cytogenetic risk profile acute myeloid leukemia

Objectives: Recently, mutations in DNMT3A gene have been described in about 25% acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, preferentially in monocytic AML. They were found to predict worse overall survival (OS) of mutated patients. Patients and methods: RT‐PCR followed by direct sequencing was used to test the presence of DNMT3A mutations in 226 AML patients with an intermediate‐risk (IR) cytogenetics. Results: Sixty‐seven patients of 226 (29.6%) carried a mutation in the DNMT3A gene. Occurrence of DNMT3A mutations was associated with female sex (P = 0.027) and with the presence of FLT3/ITD (P = 0.003), but not with particular FAB subtypes. Patients with DNMT3A mutation had higher initial WBC counts than those without it (P = 0.064) only because of higher incidence of FLT3/ITD within these cases. There was no difference between mutated and wild‐type groups in reaching complete remission (CR) (P = 0.380). OS was not affected by DNMT3A mutation (P = 0.251), but OS of patients who reached CR was longer in DNMT3A negative cases (P = 0.025). Patients with DNMT3A mutation had a higher relapse rate (P = 0.007). Patients carrying both the DNMT3A mutation and FLT3/ITD relapsed more often than either patients with single DNMT3A mutation (P = 0.044) or patients with FLT3/ITD only (P = 0.058). DNMT3A mutations were associated with higher relapse rate even within the FLT3/ITD‐negative group (P = 0.072). After reaching CR, these two genetic factors were independent predictors of relapse at multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). Only three of 30 ‘double‐mutated’ (FLT3/ITD+, DNMT3A+) patients are still alive, all of them having undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Conclusions: We have confirmed the high incidence of DNMT3A mutations in patients with AML with IR cytogenetics. Patients with DNMT3A mutations relapse more often and have inferior OS when only patients achieving CR are analyzed. ‘Double‐mutated’ patients have a very poor prognosis.
Immunoglobulin profile in HIV-1 infected children in Dar es Salaam.

OBJECTIVE To determine immunoglobulin levels in HIV-1 seronegative and HIV-1 seropositive children at different clinical stages of HIV infection. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Lugalo and Mwanayamala mother and child clinics in Dar es Salaam. SUBJECTS Two hundred and ninety-nine children aged 18 months to five years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Estimation of immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE). RESULTS Mean serum levels of all immunoglobulin classes were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) among the HIV-1 seropositive children (IgG = 22.9 g/l, IgA = 2.2 g/l, IgM 2.7 g/l, IgD 101.5 IU/ml and IgE 887.7 IU/ml) than among the HIV-1 seronegative children (IgG = 11.3 g/l, IgA = 1.0 g/l, IgM = 1.5 g/l, IgD = 27.8 UI/ml and IgE 341.3 UI/ml). The percentages of HIV-infected children with immunoglobulin concentrations above mean level were 83% for IgG, 77% for IgA, 78% for IgM, 73% for IgD and 78% for IgE. CONCLUSION HIV seropositive children have higher levels of immunoglobulin than seronegative children. There was no correlation between the levels of immunoglobulin classes and CDC clinical staging.
Filariasis and lymphoedema

Among the causes of lymphoedema (LE), secondary LE due to filariasis is the most prevalent. It affects only a minority of the 120 million people infected with the causative organisms of lymphatic filariasis (LF), Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi/timori, but is clustered in families, indicating a genetic basis for development of this pathology. The majority of infected individuals develop filarial‐specific immunosuppression that starts even before birth in cases where mothers are infected and is characterized by regulatory T‐cell responses and high levels of IgG4, thus tolerating high parasite loads and microfilaraemia. In contrast, individuals with this pathology show stronger immune reactions biased towards Th1, Th2 and probably also Th17. Importantly, as for the aberrant lymph vessel development, innate immune responses that are triggered by the filarial antigen ultimately result in the activation of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), thus promoting lymph vessel hyperplasia as a first step to lymphoedema development. Wolbachia endosymbionts are major inducers of these responses in vitro, and their depletion by doxycycline in LF patients reduces plasma VEGF and soluble VEGF‐receptor‐3 levels to those seen in endemic normals preceding pathology improvement. The search for the immunogenetic basis for LE could lead to the identification of risk factors and thus, to prevention; and has so far led to the identification of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with potential functional relevance to VEGF, cytokine and toll‐like receptor (TLR) genes. Hydrocele, a pathology with some similarity to LE in which both lymph vessel dilation and lymph extravasation are shared sequelae, has been found to be strongly associated with a VEGF‐A SNP known for upregulation of this (lymph‐)angiogenesis factor.
“This Is Not Your Practice Life”: lululemon and the Neoliberal Governance of Self

Cet article s'interesse a l’enorme reussite de lululemon athletica, et en particulier a la facon dont ses strategies de marque s'approprient la pratique du yoga pour les integrer a un modele consumeriste de discipline et de soin de soi. On arguera que la strategie de marque de lululemon est liee a l'hyperindividualisme neoliberal ainsi qu'aux discours plus generaux de developpement personnel qui definissent le bien-etre comme un accomplissement personnel et moral. Nous approfondissons la facon dont la strategie de marque lululemon se reporte constamment a des concepts vagues, homogeneisateurs et extreme-orientaux des spiritualites du Levant, qui instrumentalisent les pratiques yogiques et renforcent les ideologies occidentales en matiere de santeisme, parallelement a la performance personnelle, corporelle et commerciale. Nous arguons que lululemon integre au consumerisme des discours de prise de pouvoir, illustrant la facon dont les discours de choix et de soin de soi renforcent le soi responsabilise qui est au cœur meme des societes neoliberales contemporaines. This paper examines the enormous success of lululemon athletica and specifically how its branding practices appropriate yogic practice into a consumerist model of discipline and self-care. lululemon branding is linked with neoliberal hyperindividualism and broader self-help discourses that define health and wellness as a personal and moral achievement. We explore how lululemon branding consistently refers to vague, homogenizing, and orientalist concepts of Eastern spiritualities that instrumentalize yogic practices, and reinforce Western ideologies of healthism along with personal, bodily, and market performance. We argue that lululemon folds empowerment into consumerism: discourses of choice and self-care reinforce the responsibilized self that is the core of contemporary neoliberal societies.
The Copper-Responsive RicR Regulon Contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence

ABSTRACT As with most life on Earth, the transition metal copper (Cu) is essential for the viability of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, infected hosts can also use Cu to control microbial growth. Several Cu-responsive pathways are present in M. tuberculosis, including the regulated in copper repressor (RicR) regulon, which is unique to pathogenic mycobacteria. In this work, we describe the contribution of each RicR-regulated gene to Cu resistance in vitro and to virulence in animals. We found that the deletion or disruption of individual RicR-regulated genes had no impact on virulence in mice, although several mutants had Cu hypersensitivity. In contrast, a mutant unable to activate the RicR regulon was not only highly susceptible to Cu but also attenuated in mice. Thus, these data suggest that several genes of the RicR regulon are required simultaneously to combat Cu toxicity in vivo or that this regulon is also important for resistance against Cu-independent mechanisms of host defense. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, killing millions of people every year. Therefore, understanding the biology of M. tuberculosis is crucial for the development of new therapies to treat this devastating disease. Our studies reveal that although host-supplied Cu can suppress bacterial growth, M. tuberculosis has a unique pathway, the RicR regulon, to defend against Cu toxicity. These findings suggest that Cu homeostasis pathways in both the host and the pathogen could be exploited for the treatment of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, killing millions of people every year. Therefore, understanding the biology of M. tuberculosis is crucial for the development of new therapies to treat this devastating disease. Our studies reveal that although host-supplied Cu can suppress bacterial growth, M. tuberculosis has a unique pathway, the RicR regulon, to defend against Cu toxicity. These findings suggest that Cu homeostasis pathways in both the host and the pathogen could be exploited for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Keen to Help? Managers' Implicit Person Theories and Their Subsequent Employee Coaching

Although coaching can facilitate employee development and performance, the stark reality is that managers often differ substantially in their inclination to coach their subordinates. To address this issue, we draw from and build upon a body of social psychology research that finds that implicit person theories (IPTs) about the malleability of personal attributes (e.g., personality and ability) affect one's willingness to help others. Specifically, individuals holding an "entity theory" that human attributes are innate and unalterable are disinclined to invest in helping others to develop and improve, relative to individuals who hold the "incremental theory" that personal attributes can be developed. Three studies examined how managers' IPTs influence the extent of their employee coaching. First, a longitudinal field study found that managers' IPTs predicted employee evaluations of their subsequent employee coaching. This finding was replicated in a second field study. Third, an experimental study found that using self-persuasion principles to induce incremental IPTs increased entity theorist managers' willingness to coach a poor performing employee, as well as the quantity and quality of their performance improvement suggestions.
FACTORS INFLUENCING GUN CARRYING AMONG YOUNG URBAN MALES OVER THE ADOLESCENT-YOUNG ADULT LIFE COURSE*

This paper uses data from an ongoing panel study of urban youth to examine the causes and correlates of hidden gun carrying among young urban males. The analysis assesses the changing impact of gang membership, drug sales, and peer gun ownership for protection on gun carrying at nine separate points over the early adolescent to young adult life course. In early adolescence, gang membership is a strong motivation for gun carrying. At somewhat older ages, drug dealing, particularly high drug sales, and illegal peer gun ownership replace gang membership as the primary determinants of illegal gun carrying.
Rhyme and Alliteration Sensitivity and Relevant Experiences among Preschoolers from Diverse Backgrounds

There exists a well-established positive relation between phonological awareness and learning to read. Experiences with linguistic routines like nursery rhymes may provide one route through which children gain phonological awareness. The phonological awareness and home experiences of 59 prekindergartners from different sociocultural groups were examined. Performance differences favoring middle-income children over their low-income counterparts were obtained on tasks assessing rhyme and alliteration sensitivity and nursery-rhyme knowledge. Middle-income children also engaged more frequently than low-income children in word games and book interactions at home. The only significant difference among children of the same income level was that African-American low-income children displayed lower levels of nursery-rhyme knowledge than European-American low-income children. Two demographic variables, maternal education and ethnicity, made significant contributions to rhyme sensitivity. Among the experiential variables, the strongest correlates of rhyme sensitivity were nursery-rhyme knowledge and frequency of engagement in word games and book interactions. The results suggest that children's rhyme sensitivity may be influenced by engagement in word games and book interactions that foster knowledge of linguistic routines containing rhyme.
Vertical stratification of the nutritional value of fruit: Macronutrients and condensed tannins

Competing successfully for the best feeding sites is an important behavioral strategy but little is known about how feeding sites vary nutritionally within a fruit tree. To answer this question we tested how the nutritional value of a fruit is influenced by its ripeness and its height within the tree crown. A complementary objective was to assess the nutritional value of the midripe fruit, a food item rarely mentioned in the literature despite being exploited on a daily basis by many frugivores. We measured how the dry weight of pulp, water content, and concentration of macronutrients and condensed tannins varied within the tree crowns of 15 fruit species. Collections occurred early in the fruiting cycle, so as to assess the amount of food in the tree before its exploitation by primates. We found that (1) the upper crown produced fruit densities 4.2 times higher, and a fruit crop 4.8 times larger, than the lower crown of the same tree; (2) considering only midripe and ripe stages, upper‐crown fruits contained 28.6% more dry pulp, 21.1% more water, and 13.5% more sugars per dry matter than lower‐crown fruits of the same tree; (3) midripe fruits contained 80% of the concentrations of sugars of ripe fruits, making them a sweeter food item than one would expect from the intermediate color of their epidermis; (4) cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins, and ash proportionally decreased in concentration while dry pulp and sugars increased during ripening; and (5) ripe fruits were usually rare in the tree (<0.5% of all fruit available) compared to midripe fruits (3–8%). Overall, upper‐crown feeding sites produced a higher density and quality of food than lower‐crown sites of the same tree. Our data therefore provide a clear nutritional explanation for why tree‐feeding frugivores compete for the highest feeding sites. Am. J. Primatol. 76:1207–1232, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
L'hypothèse du champ moléculaire et la propriété ferromagnétique

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. L’hypothèse du champ moléculaire et la propriété ferromagnétique Pierre Weiss
STRATEGIC RESPONSES TO INSTITUTIONAL PROCESSES

This article applies the convergent insights of institutional and resource dependence perspectives to the prediction of strategic responses to institutional processes. The article offers a typology of strategic responses that vary in active organizational resistance from passive conformity to proactive manipulation. Ten institutional factors are hypothesized to predict the occurrence of the alternative proposed strategies and the degree of organizational conformity or resistance to institutional pressures.
Kif5b is an essential forward trafficking motor for the Kv1.5 cardiac potassium channel

We have investigated the role of the kinesin I isoform Kif5b in the trafficking of a cardiac voltage‐gated potassium channel, Kv1.5. In Kv1.5‐expressing HEK293 cells and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, current densities were increased from control levels of 389 ± 50.0 and 317 ± 50.3 pA pF−1, respectively, to 614 ± 74.3 and 580 ± 90.9 pA pF−1 in cells overexpressing the Kif5b motor. Overexpression of the Kif5b motor increased Kv1.5 expression additively with several manipulations that reduce channel internalization, suggesting that it is involved in the delivery of the channel to the cell surface. In contrast, expression of a Kif5b dominant negative (Kif5bDN) construct increased Kv1.5 expression non‐additively with these manipulations. Thus, the dominant negative acts by indirectly inhibiting endocytosis. The increase in Kv1.5 currents induced by wild‐type Kif5b was dependent on Golgi function; a 6 h treatment with Brefeldin A reduced Kv1.5 currents to control levels in Kif5b‐overexpressing cells but had little effect on the increase associated with Kif5bDN expression. Finally, expression of the Kif5bDN prior to induction of Kv1.5 in a tetracycline inducible system blocked surface expression of the channel in both HEK293 cells and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Thus, Kif5b is essential to anterograde trafficking of a cardiac voltage‐gated potassium channel.
Speaking in (Whose) Tongue: Heritage Language Maintenance and Ritual Practices in Singapore

This article discusses the intricate religio-linguistic links in multiethnic, multi-religion and multi-lingual Singapore, and looks at how language use in religious activities may affect language maintenance. As an ethnographic study, it examines heritage language use in both private and public domains of traditional religious events, in addition to discussing the implications that meaning-making processes involved in religious conversions in multi-faith families have for heritage language maintenance. The study also reveals the family institution as a stronghold where national language policy does not fully penetrate, and argues that the vitality of heritage language may depend on how successfully cultural and religious practices continue to be performed in the heritage languages.
Philosophy in Primary Schools: Fostering Thinking Skills and Literacy.

We read for many reasons and this paper focuses on one of those – reading for thinking. It reports on the Philosophy in Primary Schools project and argues that one of the best ways teachers can add value to their work in literacy is by incorporating philosophical discussion with children through an approach called Stories for Thinking. It outlines what ‘philosophy for children’ is and how it can be used for developing the thinking skills that underpin literacy and higher order reading skills. It argues that a Stories for Thinking approach can enrich thinking and learning in the literacy hour, and uses evidence from teachers and children to illustrate the effects of the programme on classroom practice and on raising levels of pupil achievement
Three Men Teachers, Three Countries And Three Responses to the Physical Contact Dilemma

The shortage of men teachers in primary schools is a global concern. As the demand for men teachers expands, the reasons why men choose not to teach, also grows. In some countries a media-fuelled fear of being accused of sexual abuse, and resultant policies designed to protect students and teachers, has deterred potential applicants and impacted on the freedom of men teachers to engage with students in gender-neutral, nurturing ways. At the same time as men are feeling compelled to act in keeping with traditional masculinities, gender equity policies are directing schools to challenge damaging stereotypes and encourage diversity in life choices. This paper investigates how three men in three countries – England, Sweden and New Zealand – have responded to these conflicting messages and how they have modified their physical contact in light of perceived risks. Although the size of the study restricts the validity of the findings, the paper highlights the complexity of factors that influence men teachers, including cultural mores, and adds to the call for more intensive teacher education around gender.
Diversity in the Undergraduate Curriculum

Undergraduate students (N = 932, 83.8% European Americans, 69.6% women) completed an online survey and reported their definitions of diversity, their attitudes toward incorporating diversity into the curriculum, and their motivations for learning about diversity issues. Findings revealed that students conceptualized diversity primarily in terms of culture and race and seldom included age, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or physical/cognitive/mental abilities. Results also showed that students had positive feelings about diversity and desired to have instructors infuse diversity content in their courses. Finally, students were motivated to learn about diversity to be employable, to interact successfully with different people, and to grow intellectually, emotionally, and personally. Teaching implications are discussed.
Role for Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Protection from Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis Urogenital Disease in Mice and Its Regulation by Oxygen Free Radicals

ABSTRACT It has been previously reported that although inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene knockout (NOS2−/−) mice resolve Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection, the production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) via iNOS protects a significant proportion of mice from hydrosalpinx formation and infertility. We now report that higher in vivo RNS production correlates with mouse strain-related innate resistance to hydrosalpinx formation. We also show that mice with a deletion of a key component of phagocyte NADPH oxidase (p47phox−/−) resolve infection, produce greater amounts of RNS in vivo, and sustain lower rates of hydrosalpinx formation than both wild-type (WT)NOS2+/+ andNOS2−/− controls. When we induced an in vivo chemical block in iNOS activity in p47phox−/− mice usingNG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA), a large proportion of these mice eventually succumbed to opportunistic infections, but not before they resolved their chlamydial infections. Interestingly, when compared to WT and untreated p47phox−/− controls, L-NMMA-treated p47phox−/− mice resolved their infections more rapidly. However, L-NMMA-treated p47phox−/− mice lost resistance to chronic chlamydial disease, as evidenced by an increased rate of hydrosalpinx formation that was comparable to that forNOS2−/− mice. We conclude that phagocyte oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate RNS during chlamydial urogenital infection in the mouse. We further conclude that while neither phagocyte oxidase-derived ROS nor iNOS-derived RNS are essential for resolution of infection, RNS protect from chronic chlamydial disease in this model.