Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women in Nordic politics : closing the gap

Part I Women in Nordic politics: introduction - Scandinavia - a case apart, Lauri Karvonen and Per Selle the political representation of women - a bird's eye view, Nina Cecilie Raaum. Part II Women as voters and party members: gender gaps in Nordic voting behaviour, Maria Oskarson women in Scandinavian party organizations, Jan Sundberg. Part III Organizational participation: social democracy, women and the European union, Ulf Lindstroem trade unions and the feminization of the labour market in Scandinavia, Lauri Karvonen the changing role of women within local voluntary organizations - sex segregation in the voluntary sector, Per Selle and Bjarne Oymyr an alternative movement in a "state-friendly" society - the women's shelter movement, Kristin Morken and Per Selle. Part IV Public institutions: the declining corporatist state and the political gender dimension, Christina Bergqvist feminization of the central public administration, Per Laegreid women in local democracy, Nina Cecilie Raaum how the election system structure has helped women close the representation gap, Richard E. Matland. Part V Attitudes and symbols: a gender gap that vanished - tolerance and liberalism, Lise Togeby political language, Lauri Karvonen et al. Part VI Beyond Scandinavia: caught in the "virgin trap" - Nicaragua as a cultural contrast, Einar Berntzen.
National Competitiveness and Economic Growth: The Changing Determinants of Economic Performance in the World Economy

Part 1: A systematic framework of economic competitiveness and growth. Part 2: Evolutionary and revolutionary change in socio-economic systems. Part 3: Determinants of competitveness and growth in modern economics. Part 4: Toward a macro-organizational theory of economic organization. Part 5: Competitiveness and growth during the present technoeconomic paradigm shift.
How Much Did the 2009 Fiscal Stimulus Boost Spending? Evidence from a Household Survey

Using survey evidence, I estimate the impact of a $12 billion package of household payments delivered in Australia between March and May 2009. Forty percent of households who said that they received the payment reported having spent it. This is approximately twice the spending rate that has been recorded in surveys assessing the 2001 and 2008 tax rebates in the United States. Using an approach for converting spending rates into an aggregate marginal propensity to consume (MPC), this is consistent with an aggregate MPC of 0.41-0.42. Since this estimate is based only on first-quarter spending, it may be an underestimate of the longer run impact of the package on consumer expenditure.
Recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after laparoscopic excision.

BACKGROUND To analyse risk factors that influence the recurrence of endometrioma after laparoscopic excision. METHODS A total of 224 patients who had a minimum of 2 years of post-operative follow-up after laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision were studied retrospectively. Recurrence was defined as the presence of endometrioma more than 2 cm in size, detected by ultrasonography within 2 years of surgery. Fourteen variables (age, presence of infertility, pain, uterine myoma, adenomyosis, previous medical treatment of endometriosis, previous surgery for ovarian endometriosis, single or multiple cysts, the size of the largest cyst at laparoscopy, unilateral or bilateral involvement, co-existence of deep endometriosis, revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) score, post-operative medical treatment and post-operative pregnancy) were evaluated to assess their independent effects on the recurrence using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The overall rate of recurrence was 30.4% (68/224). Significant factors that were independently associated with higher recurrence were previous medical treatment of endometriosis [odds ratio (OR) = 2.324, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.232-4.383, P = 0.0092) and larger diameter of the largest cyst (OR = 1.182, 95% CI = 1.004-1.391, P = 0.0442). Post-operative pregnancy was associated with lower recurrence (OR = 0.292, 95% CI = 0.028-0.317, P = 0.0181). CONCLUSIONS Previous medical treatment of endometriosis or large cyst size was a significant factor that was associated with higher recurrence of the disease. Post-operative pregnancy is a favourable prognostic factor.
Inflation Persistence: Euro Area and New EU Member States

Is inflation persistence in the new EU Member States (NMS) comparable to that in the euro area countries? We argue that persistence may not be as different between the two country groups as one might expect. We confirm that one should work carefully with the usual estimation methods when analyzing the NMS, given the scope of the convergence process they went through. We show that due to frequent breaks in inflation time series in the NMS, parametric statistical measures assuming a constant mean deliver substantially higher persistence estimates for the NMS than for the euro area countries. Employing time-varying mean leads to the reversal of this result and suggests similar or lower inflation persistence for the NMS compared to euro area countries. Structural measures show that backward-looking behavior may be more important component in explaining inflation dynamics in the NMS than in the euro area countries. JEL Classification: E31, C22, C11, C32
Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy in the Aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis: The Case of Korea

This paper extends the structural VAR model of Bernanke and Mihov (1998) to one under a small-open economy in order to explore how the operating procedures of the monetary and foreign exchange policy in Korea changed in the aftermath of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. It finds strong evidence of apparent regime changes in the monetary and exchange rate policy after the financial crisis. The implications for monetary policy in Korea are that the operating procedure switched to a call rate target in the post-crisis period, but that its stance on monetary policy may remain in transition under an inflation targeting framework and a freely floating exchange rate regime. Moreover, the exchange rate presumably plays an important role in monetary policy or as an intermediate monetary policy target in order to stabilize prices.
The Second Shift Reflected in the Second Generation

Gender inequality at home continues to constrain gender equality at work. How do the gender disparities in domestic labor that children observe between their parents predict those children’s visions for their future roles? The present research examined how parents’ behaviors and implicit associations concerning domestic roles, over and above their explicit beliefs, predict their children’s future aspirations. Data from 326 children aged 7 to 13 years revealed that mothers’ explicit beliefs about domestic gender roles predicted the beliefs held by their children. In addition, when fathers enacted or espoused a more egalitarian distribution of household labor, their daughters in particular expressed a greater interest in working outside the home and having a less stereotypical occupation. Fathers’ implicit gender-role associations also uniquely predicted daughters’ (but not sons’) occupational preferences. These findings suggest that a more balanced division of household labor between parents might promote greater workforce equality in future generations.
The effect of success/failure priming on financial risk tolerance

Previous research has demonstrated the effects of unconscious priming on conscious thoughts, behaviours and decisions. The present study was designed to examine the effects of priming individuals with the concepts of success or failure on their subsequent financial risk tolerance. This study also investigated the relationship between financial risk tolerance and dispositional optimism, and assessed the efficacy of using demographic variables to classify investors into risk tolerance categories. Participants for the study were first randomly assigned to one of three groups, and then asked to complete a scrambled sentence test intended to influence their financial risk tolerance. The first group’s sentences included words expected to activate the concept of success, the second group’s sentences included words expected to activate the concept of failure, while the third group were given random sentences to provide a baseline for comparison. Once primed by the scrambled sentence test, participants completed the Grable and Lytton Risk Tolerance Survey to measure their financial risk tolerance and the Revised Life Orientation Test to measure their dispositional optimism. Although the effects of priming individuals with the concepts of success and failure were not found to be statistically significant, differences were discovered in the way that men and women reacted to the priming intervention, which may help to explain the difference in the way men and women approach risk. The results also suggest that there is a positive correlation between dispositional optimism and financial risk tolerance, particularly for men. This study confirmed the findings of previous research, that men were willing to accept significantly
KINEMATIC AND PHOTOMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR A BAR IN NGC 2683

We present optical long-slit and SparsePak Integral Field Unit emission line spectroscopy along with optical broadband and near-IR images of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 2683. We find a multi-valued, figure-of-eight velocity structure in the inner 45″ of the long-slit spectrum and twisted isovelocity contours in the velocity field. We also find, regardless of wavelength, that the galaxy isophotes are boxy. We argue that taken together, these kinematic and photometric features are evidence for the presence of a bar in NGC 2683. We use our data to constrain the orientation and strength of the bar.
What prices can tell us about the market for antibiotics

This paper is a study of pricing of wholesale antibiotics over the period from 1985 to 1996. The period included a number of political events and public debates concerning pharmaceuticals. Drug prices offer a valuable lens through which we can see the effects of these events and also shed light on public perceptions about drug prices and price growth. In addition, drug prices give us information about changing market structure and, given unique institutions in pharmaceutical markets, provide a tool for observing the sources and effects of monopsony power. Among the paper's findings are the following: First, overall price growth has been very modest over the last decade, well below that of corresponding government indexes. Second, branded manufacturers on average have positive price growth whereas generic manufacturers on average have lower prices and negative price growth. Third, there are significant and persistent differences across wholesale markets in price levels and price growth. For instance, hospitals consistently pay much lower prices than drugstores, but there are relatively small differences across different types of drugstores, such as small independents and large chains. These differences are interpreted in light of the changing structure of the wholesale market for pharmaceuticals, including a discussion of the importance of restrictive formularies in establishing monopsony power. Finally, in contrast with the salient effect of these market forces on drug prices, I find relatively little evidence of effects of major events, such as the generic drug scandal and debate surrounding healthcare reform.
Fish and Fish Oil Intake in Relation to Risk of Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Although laboratory studies suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFAs) may reduce risk of asthma, epidemiological data remain controversial and inconclusive. We quantitatively reviewed the epidemiological studies published through December 2012 in PubMed and EMBASE by using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Eleven studies, comprised of 99,093 individuals (3,226 cases), were included in the final dataset. Of them, 7 studies examined associations between intake of fish or LCn3PUFA and risk of asthma: 4 studies in children (996 cases from 12,481 children) and 3 in adults (1,311 cases from 82,553 individuals). Two studies (69 cases from 276 infants) investigated LCn3PUFA levels in mothers’ milk, and two studies assessed maternal fish consumption (786 cases from 2,832 individuals) during lactation and/or plasma LCn3PUFA levels during pregnancy (64 cases from 951 infants) in relation to offspring’s asthma. The pooled relative risk of child asthma were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.61–0.94) for fish consumption and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.52–0.96) for LCn3PUFA intake. No statistically significant association was found in studies among adults. Epidemiological data to date indicate that fish or LCn3PUFA intake may be beneficial to prevent asthma in children. Further studies are needed to establish causal inference and to elucidate the potential mechanisms.
Left–right Asymmetry: Class I Myosins Show the Direction This Review Comes from a Themed Issue on Cell Structure and Dynamics Edited Spatial and Temporal Requirement for Myo Id Function Actin in Left–right Asymmetry Two L/r Myosins I?

Myosins are actin-based molecular motors that are found in almost all eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analysis allows the discrimination of 37 different types of myosins, most with unknown functions. Recent work in Drosophila has revealed a crucial role for type ID unconventional myosin in left–right asymmetry. Mutations in Myosin ID completely reverse the left– right axis (situs inversus), a phenotype that is dependent on an intact actin cytoskeleton. How this myosin might orient the left– right axis has began to be elucidated by showing that it interacts directly with b-catenin, suggesting that myosin ID interacts with the adherens junction to control the direction of organ looping. This is the first demonstration of a role of a myosin in body patterning. Introduction In Bilateria, the establishment of a left–right (L/R) axis is essential for the organization and function of the brain and viscera [1,2]. In contrast to the symmetrical shape of the external body, the internal organs show complex patterns of L/R asymmetry in their morphology and position. Asymmetry arises during development following three basic morphogenetic processes: first, unilateral positioning — organs sit on one side relative to the midline, e.g. heart or spleen; second, directional looping — tubular organs (e.g. gut) coil in a stereotyped direction (dextral or sinistral); and third, handed differentiation, whereby bilateral organs, such as the brain and lungs, differentiate distinct left and right parts. Symmetry breaking is the primary and essential step during L/R development. It takes place during embry-ogenesis, after the two main axes (anterior–posterior and dorsal–ventral) have been established [3 ]. De novo asymmetry is then communicated to the whole body through identified cascades of asymmetric expression of genes, including the conserved nodal pathway [3 ,4 ,5]. How L/R asymmetry arises and how it becomes oriented relative to the two main axes are central issues. The fundamental problem of symmetry breaking was conceptualized early by Brown and Wolpert [6], who proposed that it could result from molecular chirality: they hypothesized that a handed molecule capable of self-orientation along the AP and DV axes could determine the L/R axis. This hypothetical molecule, termed the 'F-molecule' (each branch of a three-dimensional F defining one axis; see Figure 1), would be an L/R determinant, in other words a molecule that can decide what is left and what is right. Among other possibilities, it has been proposed that molecular motors capable of moving along polarized fibers could act as F-like …
In-Vivo Fusion of Human Cancer and Hamster Stromal Cells Permanently Transduces and Transcribes Human DNA

After demonstrating, with karyotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization, the retention of certain human chromosomes and genes following the spontaneous fusion of human tumor and hamster cells in-vivo, it was postulated that cell fusion causes the horizontal transmission of malignancy and donor genes. Here, we analyzed gene expression profiles of 3 different hybrid tumors first generated in the hamster cheek pouch after human tumor grafting, and then propagated in hamsters and in cell cultures for years: two Hodgkin lymphomas (GW-532, GW-584) and a glioblastoma multiforme (GB-749). Based on the criteria of MAS 5.0 detection P-values ≤0.065 and at least a 2-fold greater signal expression value than a hamster melanoma control, we identified 3,759 probe sets (ranging from 1,040 to 1,303 in each transplant) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the 3 hybrid tumors, which unambiguously mapped to 3,107 unique Entrez Gene IDs, representative of all human chromosomes; however, by karyology, one of the hybrid tumors (GB-749) had a total of 15 human chromosomes in its cells. Among the genes mapped, 39 probe sets, representing 33 unique Entrez Gene IDs, complied with the detection criteria in all hybrid tumor samples. Five of these 33 genes encode transcription factors that are known to regulate cell growth and differentiation; five encode cell adhesion- and transmigration-associated proteins that participate in oncogenesis and/or metastasis and invasion; and additional genes encode proteins involved in signaling pathways, regulation of apoptosis, DNA repair, and multidrug resistance. These findings were corroborated by PCR and reverse transcription PCR, showing the presence of human alphoid (α)-satellite DNA and the F11R transcripts in additional tumor transplant generations. We posit that in-vivo fusion discloses genes implicated in tumor progression, and gene families coding for the organoid phenotype. Thus, cancer cells can transduce adjacent stromal cells, with the resulting progeny having permanently transcribed genes with malignant and other gene functions of the donor DNA. Using heterospecific in-vivo cell fusion, genes encoding oncogenic and organogenic traits may be identified.
Gender as a moderator of relation between emotional intelligence and career development

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of emotional intelligence with career development and the moderating role of gender in the relationship. This study adopted a survey research design. Questionnaires were used to obtain data on emotional intelligence, career development and demographic factors from 485 secondary school students (male=255, female=230) randomly selected from 5 states in southwestern Nigeria. Data analysis included regressing career decision-making self-efficacy and career maturity on emotional intelligence and gender. Results indicated that emotional intelligence and gender predicted career development and gender moderated the relationship between emotional intelligence and career development. The implication of the findings is that counseling psychologists should assess the emotional intelligence of the male and female students when conducting career counseling. In addition, the findings suggest that the students need to be exposed to counseling interventions for enhancing their emotional intelligence. This study is able to demonstrate the relationship of emotional intelligence and career development of secondary school students in Nigeria and the first to explore the moderating role of gender in the relationship.
Leading for Sustainability

Prelude A short piece to prepare the way (Sadie and Tyrrell, 2001) Education for sustainability and educational leadership are the two faces to my research. Although there are differences between the concepts of environmental education and education for sustainability they are often confused. Environmental education deals with awareness raising and encouraging behaviour change to support environmental management and conservation. On the other hand, education for sustainability recognises the transformative role of education, while implicitly referring to intergenerational equity, ecological sustainability and the fair distribution of resources. The confusion is evident at the school level. Leadership is also a term fraught with confusion and misinterpretation. While there are many definitions of leadership, two common perspectives which have persisted over time are definitions of leadership as a matter of influence and of leadership as a skill. In educational terms sustainable leadership represents a shift to capture and merge contemporary leadership theory with the international pressure for sustainability through education. There is a dearth of information available to describe education for sustainability despite recognition by both Australian and Western Australian governments of its importance in this, the early years of the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014). The aims of this qualitative research are to capture leaders' understanding of how education for sustainability is conceptualised, incorporated across the curriculum and led in Western Australian government secondary schools. In addition this study seeks to determine how education for sustainability becomes embedded and sustained in these schools. The research re-conceptualises leading for sustainability. Four key concepts are identified as essential for embedding education for sustainability into Western Australian government secondary schools. These key concepts are: understanding sustainability; imagining the future; building relationships; and taking action. Combined, they enhance the meagre knowledge base about leading for sustainability in Western Australian secondary schools and provide a springboard for further research in the fields of sustainability and educational leadership.
Union Wage Effects; Does Membership Matter?

We exploit rare information on the union status of both individual employees and of their workplaces to address two related issues. First, we find a positive effect of workplace trade union density on the level of the individual's pay. Second, we find that the individual's unions membership status loses its significance when we control for establishment-level density. The union wage effect is therefore a pure public good, with individual membership conveying a positive wage externality. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies

What is the effect of democratic competition on the power of elites to frame public opinion? We address this issue first by defining the range of competitive contexts that might surround any debate over a policy issue. We then offer a theory that predicts how audiences, messages, and competitive environments interact to influence the magnitude of framing effects. These hypotheses are tested using experimental data gathered on the opinions of adults and college students toward two policy issues—the management of urban growth and the right of an extremist group to conduct a rally. Our results indicate that framing effects depend more heavily on the qualities of frames than on their frequency of dissemination and that competition alters but does not eliminate the influence of framing. We conclude by discussing the implications of these results for the study of public opinion and democratic political debate.