Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A population-based study on the visual outcome in 10-year-old preterm and full-term children.

OBJECTIVES To report the visual outcome in prematurely born and full-term children at the age of 10 years and to evaluate the effects of prematurity per se, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and cryotreatment on visual acuity. METHODS The study included 216 prematurely born children and 217 children born at term from the same geographical area and study period. Best-corrected distance and near visual acuities were assessed with linear letter logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution charts. Crowding was evaluated. RESULTS Prematurely born children had reduced distance and near visual acuities compared with full-term children, even when children who had retinopathy of prematurity and neurologic disorders were excluded (P<.001). Children who had been treated with cryotherapy had the highest risk of a reduced visual acuity. Two percent of the prematurely born children were visually impaired (<20/60). CONCLUSIONS Although we found an overall good visual outcome in the prematurely born cohort, the risk of reduced visual acuity was greater than in full-term children. Children who had been treated with cryotherapy had the highest risk, but prematurity per se was also associated with reduced visual acuity.
Different response patterns of several ligands at the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor subtype 3 (S1P3)

Background and purpose: Recently, some ligands targeting the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor subtype 3 (S1P3) have become available. The characterization of these compounds was mainly based on one functional read‐out system, although S1P3 receptors are known to activate different signal transduction pathways. Therefore, this study pharmacologically characterizes these compounds using different assays.
Analysis of data mining techniques for heart disease prediction

Heart disease is considered as one of the major causes of death throughout the world. It cannot be easily predicted by the medical practitioners as it is a difficult task which demands expertise and higher knowledge for prediction. This paper addresses the issue of prediction of heart disease according to input attributes on the basis of data mining techniques. We have investigated the heart disease prediction using KStar, J48, SMO, Bayes Net and Multilayer Perceptron through Weka software. The performance of these data mining techniques is measured by combining the results of predictive accuracy, ROC curve and AUC value using a standard data set as well as a collected data set. Based on performance factor SMO and Bayes Net techniques show optimum performances than the performances of KStar, Multilayer Perceptron and J48 techniques.
The white dwarf luminosity function – II. The effect of the measurement errors and other biases

The disc white dwarf luminosity function is an important tool for studying the solar neighbourhood, since it allows the determination of several Galactic parameters, the most important one being the age of the Galactic disc. However, only the 1/Vmax method has been employed so far for observationally determining the white dwarf luminosity function, whereas for other kind of luminosity functions several other methods have been frequently used. Moreover, the procedures to determine the white dwarf luminosity function are not free of biases. These biases have two different origins: they can either be of statistical nature or a consequence of the measurement errors. In a previous paper we carried out an in-depth study of the first category of biases for several luminosity function estimators. In this paper we focus on the biases introduced by the measurement errors and on the effects of the degree of contamination of the input sample used to build the disc white dwarf luminosity function by different kinematical populations. To assess the extent of these biases we use a Monte Carlo simulator to generate a controlled synthetic population and analyse the behaviour of the disc white dwarf luminosity function for several assumptions about the magnitude of the measurement errors and for several degrees of contamination, comparing the performances of the most robust luminosity function estimators under such conditions.
Psychometric properties of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale adapted for people who use psychoactive substances.

BACKGROUND People who consume psychoactive substances may experience situations of social stigma on the part of the society in general, and also situations of internalized-stigma derived from their own consumption of substances. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale has been shown to be valid and reliable to evaluate the internalized-stigma in people with severe mental disorders, but in Argentina there is no a Spanish version of this scale for use with people who use psychoactive substances. The objective of this work was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness instrument adapted for people who use psychoactive substances. METHOD The work was carried out on a sample of 200 patients older than 18 years under treatment of rehabilitation by consumption of psychoactive substances in a public institution of the city of Córdoba (Argentina) between the years 2014 and 2016. The instrument used was the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) previously adapted for use in these groups of patients. It was determined the reliability of the scale through Cronbach's coefficients α and factorial structure was analyzed through an exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS The obtained coefficients showed a high reliability, while in the factorial structure emerged the 4 theoretical dimensions described by Ritsher, namely: social isolation, perceived discrimination, alienation and stereotyping. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the scale adapted for people who use psychoactive substances is reliable and with an adequate factorial structure.
Postprocessing Fourier Galerkin Method for the Navier-Stokes Equations

A full discrete two-level postprocessing Fourier Galerkin scheme for the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations with a periodic boundary condition is proposed in this paper. By defining a new projection, the interaction between the large and small eddies is reflected by the associated space splitting to some extent. Therefore, a weakly coupled system of the large and small eddies is obtained. Stability and error estimates for the weakly coupled two-level scheme are established in the paper. The proposed scheme is an effective algorithm because nonlinearity is treated only in the coarse-level subspace by solving the coarse-level standard Galerkin equation, and the matrix of the linear algebraic equations arising in each fine-level time stepping is a sparse matrix, especially for large scale computations. As a result, the new scheme saves a lot of CPU time and memory in comparison with the standard Fourier Galerkin method for deriving an approximation of prescribed accuracy.
Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism is a modulating factor in repeated respiratory infections.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To clarify how mannose-binding lectin (MBL) participates in the pulmonary defense system. DESIGN Multicenter retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-two patients with unexplained recurrent respiratory infections, 50 patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, 23 patients with aspergillosis, and 49 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). For controls, 52 blood samples were provided by the Blood Donation Center of the Japanese Red Cross Society. For BAL fluid (BALF) evaluation, there were five patients with acute phase pneumonia and five healthy volunteers. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS We demonstrated that MBL protein could be directly measured in the BALF from the lungs of patients with pneumonia by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the prevalence of the codon 54 mutation of the MBL gene in 62 patients having repeated respiratory infections was significantly higher compared with healthy control subjects (54.8% vs 32.7%). The prevalence of the MBL mutant genotype among patients with DPB was higher (51.1%) than in the rest of the patients. In contrast, the prevalence of the MBL mutant genotype among patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria or Aspergillus chronic infection was not significantly different from that in control subjects (44.0% and 34.8%). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MBL may play an important role in modulating the inflammatory response against repeated microbial infections.
Automatic Red-Eye Removal based on Sclera and Skin Tone Detection

It is well-known that taking portrait photographs with a built in camera may create a red-eye effect. This effect is caused by the light entering the subject’s eye through the pupil and reflecting from the retina back to the sensor. These red eyes are probably one of the most important types of artifacts in portrait pictures. Many different techniques exist for removing these artifacts digitally after image capture. In most of the existing software tools, the user has to select the zone in which the red eye is located. The aim of our method is to automatically detect and correct the red eyes. Our algorithm detects the eye itself by finding the appropriate colors and shapes without input from the user. We use the basic knowledge that an eye is haracterized by its shape and the white color of the sclera. Combining this intuitive approach with the detection of “skin” around the eye, we obtain a higher success rate than most of the tools we tested. Moreover, our algorithm works for any type of skin tone. The main goal of this algorithm is to accurately remove red eyes from a picture, while avoiding false positives completely, which is the biggest problem of camera integrated algorithms or distributed software tools. At the same time, we want to keep the false negative rate as low as possible. We implemented this algorithm in a web-based application to allow people to correct their images online.
Bilateral hippocampal pathology impairs topographical and episodic memory but not visual pattern matching

A virtual reality environment was used to test memory performance for simulated “real‐world” spatial and episodic information in a 22‐year‐old male, Jon, who has selective bilateral hippocampal pathology caused by perinatal anoxia. He was allowed to explore a large‐scale virtual reality town and was then tested on his memory for spatial layout and for episodes experienced. Topographical memory was tested by assessing his ability to navigate, recognize previously visited locations, and draw maps of the town. Episodic memory was assessed by testing the retrieval of simulated events which consisted of collecting objects from characters while following a route through the virtual town. Memory for the identity of objects, as well as for where they were collected, from whom, and in what order, was also tested. While the first task tapped simple recognition memory, the latter three tested memory for context. Jon was impaired on all topographical tasks and on his recall of the context‐dependent questions. However, his recognition of objects from the virtual town, and of “topographical” scenes (as evaluated by standard neuropsychological tests), was not impaired. These findings are consistent with the view that the hippocampus is involved in navigation, recall of long term allocentric spatial information and context‐dependent episodic memory, but not visual pattern matching. Hippocampus 2001;11:715–725. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the propagation characteristics of single-core cables from experimental results using modal decomposition

In this paper various field test transient responses from a medium-voltage single-core cable lying on the ground surface are presented. The results from six different excitation cases are compared, applying the modal decomposition theory with the use of a complex-frequency-dependent modal transformation matrix. The resulting modal voltages present unique modal travel time and attenuation, leading to significant remarks about the wave propagation along the cable in each examined case. The decoupled voltages are also compared to the corresponding obtained from the assumption of a real-constant transformation matrix. Results are in good agreement, validating the use of the simplified modal transformation matrix for the calculation of high-frequency transient phenomena in single-phase cables with short lengths. The calculated propagation modes are eventually related with the voltage differences and potentials of the examined cable, revealing their significance in the study of various engineering applications.
An Empirical Analysis of Stressors for Gay Men and Lesbians

Abstract This research describes the empirical classification of stressors for gay men and lesbians. Volunteer respondents were recruited through a free local gay and lesbian newspaper, through gay and lesbian student organizations nationwide, through gay and lesbian bookstores nationwide, and at a gay festival in St. Louis. Nine hundred seventy-nine (979) participants completed a 70-item measure with stressors that had been identified in previous qualitative research. Participants were asked to indicate the degree to which they had experienced stress associated with a variety of experiences. Participants also completed a measure of dysphoria (CES-D), responded about their degree of openness regarding sexual orientation, and provided information about their relationship status and involvement with gay groups and activities. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a six-factor model was predicted to account for the data. One-factor, six-factor, and ten-factor models were tested. The ten-factor model yielded the best fit with the data and accounted for 63.5% of the variance. The factor structure remained stable when gay men were compared to lesbians, when those endorsing a predominantly gay versus exclusively gay orientation were compared, and when those in a relationship were compared to those who were not in a relationship. Increased gay stress was associated with more dysphoria. Implications of these findings are discussed and directions for future research are considered.
Anomalous behavior of the Kramers rate at bifurcations in classical field theories

We consider a Ginzburg–Landau partial differential equation in a bounded interval, perturbed by weak spatio-temporal noise. As the interval length increases, a transition between activation regimes occurs, in which the classical Kramers rate diverges (Maier and Stein 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 270601). We determine a corrected Kramers formula at the transition point, yielding a finite, though noise-dependent, rate prefactor, confirming a conjecture by Maier and Stein (2003 SPIE Proc. vol 5114 pp 67–78). For both periodic and Neumann boundary conditions, we obtain explicit expressions for the prefactor in terms of Bessel and error functions.
IMP: Indirect memory prefetcher

Machine learning, graph analytics and sparse linear algebra-based applications are dominated by irregular memory accesses resulting from following edges in a graph or non-zero elements in a sparse matrix. These accesses have little temporal or spatial locality, and thus incur long memory stalls and large bandwidth requirements. A traditional streaming or striding prefetcher cannot capture these irregular access patterns. A majority of these irregular accesses come from indirect patterns of the form A[B[j]]. We propose an efficient hardware indirect memory prefetcher (IMP) to capture this access pattern and hide latency. We also propose a partial cacheline accessing mechanism for these prefetches to reduce the network and DRAM bandwidth pressure from the lack of spatial locality. Evaluated on 7 applications, IMP shows 56% speedup on average (up to 2.3×) compared to a baseline 64 core system with streaming prefetchers. This is within 23% of an idealized system. With partial cacheline accessing, we see another 9.4% speedup on average (up to 46.6%).
Constructing Commons in the Cultural Environment

This Essay considers the problem of understanding intellectual sharing/pooling arrangements and the construction of cultural commons arrangements. We argue that an adaptation of the approach pioneered by Elinor Ostrom and collaborators to commons arrangements in the natural environment may provide a template for the examination of constructed commons in the cultural environment. The approach promises to lead to a better understanding of how participants in commons and pooling arrangements structure their interactions in relation to the environment(s) within which they are embedded and with which they share interdependent relationships. Such an improved understanding is critical for obtaining a more complete perspective on intellectual property doctrine and its interactions with other legal and social mechanisms of governing creativity and innovation. We propose an initial framework for evaluating and comparing the contours of different pooling arrangements with an eye toward developing an understanding of the institutional and structural differences across arrangements and industries as well as the underlying contextual reasons for such differences. The proposed approach would draw upon case studies from a wide range of disciplines. Among other things, we argue that a theoretical approach to cultural constructed commons should consider rules pertaining to membership criteria, contribution and use of pooled resources, internal licensing conditions, management of external relationships, and institutional forms along with the degree of collaboration among members, sharing of human capital, degrees of integration among participants, and whether there is a specified purpose to the arrangement.
The Church on the World's Turf: An Evangelical Christian Group at a Secular University

Academics and non-academics alike have been intrigued by conservative Protestant groups that thrive in secular social and institutional contexts. This book offers an ethnographic study of one such group, the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship (IVCF) at McMaster University. These conservative Protestants espouse fundamental interpretations of the Bible, women's roles, the age of the earth, alcohol consumption, sexual ethics, and the necessity of a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. How does this tiny minority function withing the overwhelmingly secular context of the university? The strategies of the ICVF seem both to strengthen and to mitigate evangelicals' sense of difference from their non-Christian teachers and peers. Bramadat suggests that this model can also be useful for understanding the construction of individual and group identity among other minority groups, both religious and non-religious models.
Management Challenges in Cross-Sector Collaboration : Elderly Care Case Study

Using a case study for the collaboration between the public, private and third sectors in elderly care, the purpose of this research is to create new knowledge on cross-sector collaboration management. Cross-sector collaboration leads to innovations in governance. It creates social value and provides reduction of costs and benefits for society. Effective collaboration between the public, private, and third sector requires innovative thinking, leading, and acting. New skills and forms of cooperation between partners are needed. The main purpose of this study is to investigate what kind of challenges to expect and what dynamics and attributes must be emphasized when preparing for combined actions from different leaders. Individual and group interviews with representatives of elderly care services suppliers from the public, private, and third sectors were carried out in order to identify the challenges in cross-sector collaboration. The findings confirm that most of the challenges encountered in the management of cross-sector collaboration in the field of elderly care are related to two dimensions of collaboration: governance and administration. This suggests that the management of cross-sector collaboration should focus on social innovation: how partners’ resources and capabilities may interact in a more efficient way in order to create social value.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced cardiovascular adverse events: a meta‐analysis

Although non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been studied in randomized, controlled trials and meta‐analyses in an effort to determine their cardiovascular (CV) risks, no consensus has been reached. These studies continue to raise questions, including whether cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) selectivity plays a role in conferring CV risk. We performed a meta‐analysis of current literature to determine whether COX‐2 selectivity leads to an increased CV risk.
Evolvability as a Function of Purifying Selection in TEM-1 b-Lactamase Graphical Abstract Highlights

Graphical Abstract Highlights d A study of how enzyme robustness and evolvability depend on selection strength. d Fitness effects of all single amino acid mutations for wild-type and new function. d Adaptation to new function is enhanced in a weak selection environment. d A spatially distributed pattern of adaptive mutations in the protein structure. In Brief The origins of evolvability are examined systematically by analyzing single amino acid mutants in an enzyme under selection for a wild-type function (ampicillin resistance) and for a new function (cefotaxime resistance). The findings indicate that fluctuating environments might select for enzymes with excess activity relative to the strength of selection. SUMMARY Evolvability—the capacity to generate beneficial her-itable variation—is a central property of biological systems. However, its origins and modulation by environmental factors have not been examined systematically. Here, we analyze the fitness effects of all single mutations in TEM-1 b-lactamase (4,997 variants) under selection for the wild-type function (ampicillin resistance) and for a new function (cefo-taxime resistance). Tolerance to mutation in this enzyme is bimodal and dependent on the strength of purifying selection in vivo, a result that derives from a steep non-linear ampicillin-dependent relationship between biochemical activity and fitness. Interestingly, cefotaxime resistance emerges from mutations that are neutral at low levels of ampicillin but deleterious at high levels; thus the capacity to evolve new function also depends on the strength of selection. The key property controlling evolvability is an excess of enzymatic activity relative to the strength of selection, suggesting that fluctuating environments might select for high-activity enzymes.