Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limits on diffusive shock acceleration in supernova remnants in the presence of cosmic-ray streaming instability and wave dissipation

The instability in the cosmic-ray precursor of a supernova shock moving in interstellar medium is studied. The level of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in this region determines the maximum energy of particles accelerated by the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism. A high efficiency of cosmic ray acceleration is accepted, and the consideration is not limited by the case of weak turbulence. It is assumed that Kolmogorov-type nonlinear wave interactions together with the ion-neutral collisions restrict the amplitude of the random magnetic field. As a result, the maximum energy of accelerated particles strongly depends on the age of the supernova remnant. The maximum energy can be as high as ∼10 17 Z eV in young supernova remnants and falls to about ∼10 10 Z eV at the end of the Sedov stage. Thus the standard estimate of maximum particle energy based on the Bohm limit calculated for the interstellar magnetic field strength is not justified in this case. This finding may explain why supernova remnants with age of more than a few thousand years are not prominent sources of very high energy gamma-rays.
Reassessing the ESP course offering to Engineering Students: identifying correspondences between the course contents and workplace language needs (Case Study of Students of College of Engineering at Majmaah University, K.S.A)

English is needed and is used extensively in the field of engineering and work. One more important point is that Graduates from Saudi Universities are likely to face difficulties coping with communication in positions in which the working language is English. This is not only because the amount of time and their exposure to English are insufficient, but also because the courses offered do not prepare them adequately for the job market. This research presents the steps for conceiving an acceptable curriculum that would enable identifying specific workplaces in which the language of communication is English. It is widely recognized that a high percentage of today’s school leavers find themselves unemployed due to lack of relevant skills and qualifications and low educational attainment.
Analyzing the Limitations of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Mappings

Recent research in cross-lingual word embeddings has almost exclusively focused on offline methods, which independently train word embeddings in different languages and map them to a shared space through linear transformations. While several authors have questioned the underlying isomorphism assumption, which states that word embeddings in different languages have approximately the same structure, it is not clear whether this is an inherent limitation of mapping approaches or a more general issue when learning cross-lingual embeddings. So as to answer this question, we experiment with parallel corpora, which allows us to compare offline mapping to an extension of skip-gram that jointly learns both embedding spaces. We observe that, under these ideal conditions, joint learning yields to more isomorphic embeddings, is less sensitive to hubness, and obtains stronger results in bilingual lexicon induction. We thus conclude that current mapping methods do have strong limitations, calling for further research to jointly learn cross-lingual embeddings with a weaker cross-lingual signal.
A Site-Specific, Single-Copy Transgenesis Strategy to Identify 5′ Regulatory Sequences of the Mouse Testis-Determining Gene Sry

The Y-chromosomal gene SRY acts as the primary trigger for male sex determination in mammalian embryos. Correct regulation of SRY is critical: aberrant timing or level of Sry expression is known to disrupt testis development in mice and we hypothesize that mutations that affect regulation of human SRY may account for some of the many cases of XY gonadal dysgenesis that currently remain unexplained. However, the cis-sequences involved in regulation of Sry have not been identified, precluding a test of this hypothesis. Here, we used a transgenic mouse approach aimed at identifying mouse Sry 5′ flanking regulatory sequences within 8 kb of the Sry transcription start site (TSS). To avoid problems associated with conventional pronuclear injection of transgenes, we used a published strategy designed to yield single-copy transgene integration at a defined, transcriptionally open, autosomal locus, Col1a1. None of the Sry transgenes tested was expressed at levels compatible with activation of Sox9 or XX sex reversal. Our findings indicate either that the Col1a1 locus does not provide an appropriate context for the correct expression of Sry transgenes, or that the cis-sequences required for Sry expression in the developing gonads lie beyond 8 kb 5′ of the TSS.
Pollution Charge , Community Pressure and Abatement Cost : An Analysis of Chinese Industries

This paper evaluates the strength of community pressure and pollution charge on industrial pollution control in China and estimates the marginal pollution abatement cost. A well documented plant-level data set is examined and combined with a community-level data set, which allows for a careful assessment of the impact of pollution charge instrument and community pressure on industrial behavior in China. An industrial organic water pollution discharge model is constructed and estimated for those plants which violate pollution discharge standards and pay pollution charges and are constantly under pressure for further pollution abatement from the communities. Implicit prices for pollution discharges from community pressure are instrumented and estimated with the discharge model, which is jointly determined by the explicit price, the pollution levy. The estimated implicit prices are then compared with the explicit prices, and it is found that the implicit discharge price is at least as high as the explicit price, which implies that community pressure exists and it can be as strong as the pollution charge in providing incentives for industrial firms to control pollution in China. The pollution discharge modeling approach employed in his study also provides a way for estimating marginal pollution abatement cost. The empirical results show that the current level of marginal abatement cost is about twice of the effective charge rate in China.
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating Discrete Frontal and Parietal Lobe Regions in the Human Brain

The indirect catecholamine agonist methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the drug treatment of choice in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), one of the most common behavioral disorders of childhood (DSM-IV), although symptoms may persist into adulthood. Methylphenidate can enhance cognitive performance in adults and children diagnosed with AD/HD (Kempton et al., 1999; Riordan et al., 1999) and also in normal human volunteers on tasks sensitive to frontal lobe damage, including aspects of spatial working memory (SWM) performance (Elliott et al., 1997). The present study investigated changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) induced by methylphenidate during performance of a self-ordered SWM task to define the neuroanatomical loci of the beneficial effect of the drug. The results show that the methylphenidate-induced improvements in working memory performance occur with task-related reductions in rCBF in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex. The beneficial effects of methylphenidate on working memory were greatest in the subjects with lower baseline working memory capacity. This is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a localization of a drug-induced improvement in SWM performance in humans and has relevance for understanding the treatment of AD/HD.
Multilingual Language Identification: ALTW 2010 Shared Task Data

While there has traditionally been strong interest in the task of monolingual language identification, research on multilingual language identification is underrepresented in the literature, partly due to a lack of standardised datasets. This paper describes an artificially-generated dataset for multilingual language identification, as used in the 2010 Australasian Language Technology Workshop shared task.
Hand proximity facilitates spatial discrimination of auditory tones

The effect of hand proximity on vision and visual attention has been well documented. In this study we tested whether such effect(s) would also be present in the auditory modality. With hands placed either near or away from the audio sources, participants performed an auditory-spatial discrimination (Experiment 1: left or right side), pitch discrimination (Experiment 2: high, med, or low tone), and spatial-plus-pitch (Experiment 3: left or right; high, med, or low) discrimination task. In Experiment 1, when hands were away from the audio source, participants consistently responded faster with their right hand regardless of stimulus location. This right hand advantage, however, disappeared in the hands-near condition because of a significant improvement in left hand's reaction time (RT). No effect of hand proximity was found in Experiments 2 or 3, where a choice RT task requiring pitch discrimination was used. Together, these results that the perceptual and attentional effect of hand proximity is not limited to one specific modality, but applicable to the entire “space” near the hands, including stimuli of different modality (at least visual and auditory) within that space. While these findings provide evidence from auditory attention that supports the multimodal account originally raised by Reed et al. (2006), we also discuss the possibility of a dual mechanism hypothesis to reconcile findings from the multimodal and magno/parvocellular account.
Work-related factors associated with psychological distress among social workers

ABSTRACT The current study assesses the association between several work-related factors and psychological distress among social workers (SWs) in Israel. The data were collected through structured questionnaires, administered to a sample of 494 SWs. The findings suggest that most of the examined work-related factors (namely, years of professional experience, personal work-related subjection to violence, burnout, compassion fatigue, and sense of coherence), with the exception of compassion satisfaction, significantly predicted psychological distress among SWs. The conclusion is that it is important to embed within the social work practice strategies for reducing sources of psychological distress (job demands) and increasing material, professional, and personal resources. Reducing the levels of psychological distress experienced by SWs will benefit not only themselves, but also their families and colleagues, as well as their clients. Moreover, this has potential benefits for the social work profession and for the general community.
Show, Match and Segment: Joint Learning of Semantic Matching and Object Co-segmentation

—We present an approach for jointly matching and segmenting object instances of the same category within a collection of images. In contrast to existing algorithms that tackle the tasks of semantic matching and object co-segmentation in isolation, our method exploits the complementary nature of the two tasks. The key insights of our method are two-fold. First, the estimated dense correspondence ﬁeld from semantic matching provides supervision for object co-segmentation by enforcing consistency between the predicted masks from a pair of images. Second, the predicted object masks from object co-segmentation in turn allow us to reduce the adverse effects due to background clutters for improving semantic matching. Our model is end-to-end trainable and does not require supervision from manually annotated correspondences and object masks. We validate the efﬁcacy of our approach on four benchmark datasets: TSS, Internet, PF-PASCAL, and PF-WILLOW, and show that our algorithm performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods on both semantic matching and object co-segmentation tasks.
Robust Reconstruction of Building Facades for Large Areas Using Spaceborne TomoSAR Point Clouds

With data provided by modern meter-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors and advanced multipass interferometric techniques such as tomographic SAR inversion (TomoSAR), it is now possible to reconstruct the shape and monitor the undergoing motion of urban infrastructures on the scale of centimeters or even millimeters from space in very high level of details. The retrieval of rich information allows us to take a step further toward generation of 4-D (or even higher dimensional) dynamic city models, i.e., city models that can incorporate temporal (motion) behavior along with the 3-D information. Motivated by these opportunities, the authors proposed an approach that first attempts to reconstruct facades from this class of data. The approach works well for small areas containing only a couple of buildings. However, towards automatic reconstruction for the whole city area, a more robust and fully automatic approach is needed. In this paper, we present a complete extended approach for automatic (parametric) reconstruction of building facades from 4-D TomoSAR point cloud data and put particular focus on robust reconstruction of large areas. The proposed approach is illustrated and validated by examples using TomoSAR point clouds generated from a stack of TerraSAR-X high-resolution spotlight images from ascending orbit covering an approximately 2- km2 high-rise area in the city of Las Vegas.
The bumpy road of Electronic Commerce

Electronic commerce is widely expected to promote "friction-free" capitalism, with consumers sending software agents to scour the Net for the best deals. Many distribution chains will indeed be simplified and costs substantially reduced. However, we are also likely to see the creation of artificial barriers in electronic commerce, designed by sellers to extract more value from consumers. Frequent flyer mileage plans and the bundling of software into suites are just two examples of the marketing schemes that are likely to proliferate. It appears that there will be much less a la carte selling of individual items than is commonly expected, and more subscription plans. Therefore many current development plans should be redirected. Electronic commerce is likely to be even more exasperating to consumers than current airline pricing, and will be even further removed from the common conception of a "just price. " As a result, there are likely to be more attempts to introduce government regulation into electronic commerce.
A simple but potentially powerful approach for multilingual parsing

All approaches today for multilingual dependency parsing don’t use any support of sister languages. This paper present a very different approach to deal with data sparsity, language transfer, etc. Our approach really use sister languages theory, combining resources from that type of languages, we want a model who can really parse many different languages. In this paper, we present a new architecture who not use any type of oracles to make good parsing decisions. We hope that type of approach can really make dynamical parsing decisions.
Incorporating geographic distance into mate preference research: Necessities and luxuries, 2.0

This study (N = 370) examined mate preferences in men and women using the budget allocation paradigm across traits typically studied and the value placed on geographic proximity or propinquity. Importantly, traditionally studied preferences (i.e., physical attractiveness and social status) were seen as priorities, whereas the novel trait of distance was a luxury, suggesting that people were willing to travel to find a partner who satisfies their more important mate preferences. Men valued a short-term mate who was close to them more than women did. Prior work on mate preferences was replicated in their context-specific nature as per evolutionary models of mate choice.
The Impact of Total Quality Management Practices towards Competitive Advantage and Organizational Performance: Case of Fishery Industry in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia

This study attempt to test the effect of Total Quality Management (TQM) practices towards competitive advantage and organizational performance. The design of this research has quantitative approach. Data was collected by questionnaire instrument. The unit of analysis is big and medium scale fishery companies. The respondents in this research are the managers of fishery companies. The study utilized primary data which is obtained through questionnaire. The number of population was 66 fishery companies in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Random sampling is used in the study. 55 complete questionnaires were returned as a final sample. Three hypotheses have been developed through literature review and tested using Path Analysis performed by SPSS 18.00 software. The results show that TQM practices have positive and significant effect both on organizational performance and competitive advantage. Competitive advantage has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. Organizational performance is more influenced by competitive advantage than TQM practices.
The Role of Cellular Coupling in the Spontaneous Generation of Electrical Activity in Uterine Tissue

The spontaneous emergence of contraction-inducing electrical activity in the uterus at the beginning of labor remains poorly understood, partly due to the seemingly contradictory observation that isolated uterine cells are not spontaneously active. It is known, however, that the expression of gap junctions increases dramatically in the approach to parturition, by more than one order of magnitude, which results in a significant increase in inter-cellular electrical coupling. In this paper, we build upon previous studies of the activity of electrically excitable smooth muscle cells (myocytes) and investigate the mechanism through which the coupling of these cells to electrically passive cells results in the generation of spontaneous activity in the uterus. Using a recently developed, realistic model of uterine muscle cell dynamics, we investigate a system consisting of a myocyte coupled to passive cells. We then extend our analysis to a simple two-dimensional lattice model of the tissue, with each myocyte being coupled to its neighbors, as well as to a random number of passive cells. We observe that different dynamical regimes can be observed over a range of gap junction conductances: at low coupling strength, corresponding to values measured long before delivery, the activity is confined to cell clusters, while the activity for high coupling, compatible with values measured shortly before delivery, may spread across the entire tissue. Additionally, we find that the system supports the spontaneous generation of spiral wave activity. Our results are both qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with observations from in vitro experiments. In particular, we demonstrate that the increase in inter-cellular electrical coupling observed experimentally strongly facilitates the appearance of spontaneous action potentials that may eventually lead to parturition.
Determining mass limits around HD 163296 through SPHERE direct imaging data

HD 163296 is a Herbig Ae/Be star known to host a protoplanetary disc with a ringed structure. To explain the disc features, previous works proposed the presence of planets embedded into the disc. We have observed HD 163296 with the near-infrared (NIR) branch of SPHERE composed by IRDIS (InfraRed Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph) and IFS (integral field spectrograph) with the aim to put tight constraints on the presence of substellar companions around this star. Despite the low rotation of the field of view during our observation we were able to put upper mass limits of few MJup around this object. These limits do not allow to give any definitive conclusion about the planets proposed through the disc characteristics. On the other hand, our results seem to exclude the presence of the only candidate proposed until now using direct imaging in the NIR even if some caution has to be taken considered the different wavelength bands of the two observations.
A rel A‐dependent regulatory cascade for auto‐induction of microbisporicin production in M icrobispora corallina

Microbisporicin is a potent type I lantibiotic produced by the rare actinomycete Microbispora corallina that is in preclinical trials for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin‐resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Analysis of the gene cluster for the biosynthesis of microbisporicin, which contains two unique post‐translationally modified residues (5‐chlorotryptophan and 3, 4‐dihydroxyproline), has revealed an unusual regulatory mechanism that involves a pathway‐specific extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (MibX)/anti‐sigma factor (MibW) complex and an additional transcriptional regulator MibR. A model for the regulation of microbisporicin biosynthesis derived from transcriptional, mutational and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses suggests that MibR, which contains a C‐terminal DNA‐binding domain found in the LuxR family of transcriptional activators, functions as an essential master regulator to trigger microbisporicin production while MibX and MibW induce feed‐forward biosynthesis and producer immunity. Moreover, we demonstrate that initial expression of mibR, and thus microbisporicin production, is dependent on the ppGpp synthetase gene (relA) of M. corallina. In addition, we show that constitutive expression of either of the two positively acting regulatory genes, mibR or mibX, leads to precocious and enhanced microbisporicin production.
Effects of the use of non-geometric binary crossover on evolutionary multiobjective optimization

In the design of evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithms, it is important to strike a balance between diversity and convergence. Traditional mask-based crossover operators for binary strings (e.g., one-point and uniform) tend to decrease the diversity of solutions in EMO algorithms while they improve the convergence to the Pareto front. This is because such a crossover operator, which is called geometric crossover, always generates an offspring in the segment between its two parents under the Hamming distance in the genotype space. That is, the sum of the distances from the generated offspring to its two parents is always equal to the distance between the parents. In this paper, first we propose a non-geometric binary crossover operator to generate an offspring outside the segment between its parents. Next we examine the effect of the use of non-geometric binary crossover on single-objective genetic algorithms. Experimental results show that non-geometric binary crossover improves their search ability. Then we examine its effect on EMO algorithms. Experimental results show that non-geometric binary crossover drastically increases the diversity of solutions while it slightly degrades their convergence to the Pareto front. As a result, some performance measures such as hypervolume are clearly improved.