Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the In Vitro Electrophysiologic and Proarrhythmic Effects of Amiodarone and Sotalol in a Rabbit Model of Acute Atrioventricular Block

The mechanisms for the different proarrhythmic potential of antiarrhythmic drugs in the presence of comparable QT prolongation are not completely understood. The reasons for the lower proarrhythmic potential of amiodarone as compared with other class-III antiarrhythmic drugs such as sotalol, a fact that has been well established for years, is insufficiently known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the different electrophysiologic effects of amiodarone and sotalol in a previously developed experimental model of proarrhythmia. In eight male rabbits, amiodarone (280–340 mg/d) was fed over a period of six weeks. Hearts were excised and retrogradely perfused. Up to eight simultaneous epi- and endocardial monophasic action potentials (MAP) were recorded. Results were compared with sotalol-treated (10-50-100 μM) hearts (n = 13). Amiodarone and sotalol (50 μM and 100 μM) led to a significant increase in QT interval (mean increase: amiodarone: 31 ± 6 ms; sotalol: 41 ± 4 ms and 61 ± 9 ms) and MAP-duration (mean increase-MAP90: amiodarone: 20 ± 5 ms; sotalol: 17 ± 5 ms and 25 ± 8 ms) (P < 0.01). In bradycardic (AV-blocked) hearts, MAP-recordings demonstrated reverse-use dependence and a significant increase in dispersion of repolarization (MAP90) in the presence of sotalol (P < 0.01), but not in amiodarone-treated hearts (10%; p = ns). Sotalol led to early afterdepolarizations (EAD) and torsade de pointes (TdP) after lowering of potassium concentration (6 of 13 hearts). In amiodarone-treated, hypokalemic hearts, no EAD or TdP occurred. Sotalol changed the MAP configuration to a triangular pattern (ratio-MAP90/50: 1.52 as compared with 1.36 at baseline) whereas amiodarone caused a rectangular pattern of MAP prolongation (ratio-MAP90/50: 1.36). In conclusion, these results show no direct correlation between the occurrence of TdP and the degree of QT prolongation. Several factors including reverse-use dependence, dispersion of repolarization, and the propensity to induce early afterdepolarizations but also differences in the action potential configuration may help to understand proarrhythmic side effects of drugs.
Symbolic and Instrumental Objectives for Pro-Life Direct Action

Les AA. analysent les motivations des activistes anti-avortement ou sauveteurs dans le mouvement pro-life d'une grande ville du Middle West. Ils tentent d'expliquer quels sont les facteurs qui interviennent dans les variations des attitudes de ces individus. Ils ne trouvent pas de differences entre les sauveteurs aux orientations puritaines ou pragmatiques. Les AA. ont egalement pu remarquer que les protestataires qui instrumentalisent leur activisme sont susceptibles de pratiquer aux actions (sit-ins), beaucoup plus que ceux qui en restent a la signification symbolique de leur protestation
Religiosity and Lie Scores: A Question of Interpretation.

A total of 3,228 11- to 16-year olds completed the Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity and the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The positive relationship between religiosity and lie scale scores was examined in light of the 3 theories that religious people are less mature, more socially conforming, or simply bigger liars.
Smoking cues, argument strength, and perceived effectiveness of antismoking PSAs.

INTRODUCTION The study examines the effectiveness of antismoking public service announcements (PSAs) among adult smokers as a function of smoking cues and the argument strength of the PSAs. Consistent with the previous cue-reactivity studies, smoking cues are defined as one of the following visual scenes: (a) objects associated with smoking, (b) holding or handling cigarettes, and (c) actual smoking behaviors. Argument strength indicates smoker's judgments of perceived strength and persuasiveness of the arguments extracted from the PSAs. METHODS Data were collected through a web-based experiment of a random sample of general population of smokers (n = 566 adults aged 19 years or older). Each participant was shown 4 PSAs randomly selected from a set of 60. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling to assess the effects of smoking cues and argument strength. Effectiveness measures include perceived persuasiveness, transportation, valenced thought, negative emotion, and smoking-related thoughts. RESULTS Argument strength is a significant predictor of outcome variables. Although there were no significant main effects of smoking cues on any outcome variables, smoking cues were found to interact with argument strength such that the association between argument strength and outcome variables became weaker for PSAs in the smoking cue condition compared with those in the no-cue condition. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between smoking cues and argument strength suggests that smoking cues in antismoking PSAs undermine a significant part of what makes PSAs effective-their arguments against smoking. In designing antismoking messages, the inclusion of smoking cues should be weighed carefully.
'Pedagogy, Identity and the Construction of a Theory of Symbolic Control': Basil Bernstein questioned by Joseph Solomon

In this interview, Basil Bernstein replies to Joseph Solomon's questions concerning the concept of pedagogy, its role in his theory of symbolic control and cultural production, reproduction and change, and its capacities to deal with different modes of construction and regulation both inside and outside the context of formal education. Furthermore, the questions probe Bernstein's key concept of boundary, its relation to code and the production of social identities. The final issues discussed raise questions about Bernstein's methodology, and changes and weaknesses in the theory.
Structure and Molecular Assignment of Lactococcal Phage TP901-1 Baseplate*

P335 lactococcal phages infect the Gram+ bacterium Lactococcus lactis using a large multiprotein complex located at the distal part of the tail and termed baseplate (BP). The BP harbors the receptor-binding proteins (RBPs), which allow the specific recognition of saccharidic receptors localized on the host cell surface. We report here the electron microscopic structure of the phage TP901-1 wild-type BP as well as those of two mutants bppL − and bppU−, lacking BppL (the RBPs) or both peripheral BP components (BppL and BppU), respectively. We also achieved an electron microscopic reconstruction of a partial BP complex, formed by BppU and BppL. This complex exhibits a tripod shape and is composed of nine BppLs and three BppUs. These structures, combined with light-scattering measurements, led us to propose that the TP901-1 BP harbors six tripods at its periphery, located around the central tube formed by ORF46 (Dit) hexamers, at its proximal end, and a ORF47 (Tal) trimer at its distal extremity. A total of 54 BppLs (18 RBPs) are thus available to mediate host anchoring with a large apparent avidity. TP901-1 BP exhibits an infection-ready conformation and differs strikingly from the lactococcal phage p2 BP, bearing only 6 RBPs, and which needs a conformational change to reach its activated state. The comparison of several Siphoviridae structures uncovers a close organization of their central BP core whereas striking differences occur at the periphery, leading to diverse mechanisms of host recognition.
Small molecule therapy for managing moderate to severe psoriatic arthritis

ABSTRACT Introduction: The majority of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients experience a good clinical response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and biologic therapies (bDMARDs). However, treatment failure with these drugs can represent a relevant clinical problem. Moreover, in daily clinical practice, the appropriate identification of patients eligible for these agents can be conditioned by numerous aspects, mainly represented by comorbidities, such as history of malignancies, chronic and recurrent infectious diseases. Areas covered: We searched in the PUBMED database and review published data on the efficacy and safety profile of the small molecules, inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, apremilast, and of JAK/STAT pathways, tofacitinib, in PsA. Moreover, we report data on the other JAK inhibitor, baricitinib, and the A(3) adenosine receptors agonist, CF101, emerging by studies conducted in psoriasis patients. Expert opinion: In Psoriatic Arthritis, apremilast appears promising for PsA and recent studies have shown a good efficacy and an acceptable safety profile. Data on tofacitinib in PsA are limited. Studies on the small molecules, baricitinib and CF101 are still incomplete and limited to trials conducted in Rheumatoid Arthritis and in psoriasis. Further studies on small molecules and on their underlining mechanisms are advocated in PsA.
Failure of excitatory conditioning to extinguish the influence of a conditioned inhibitor.

Four experiments examined the effect of pairing Stimulus B with food after it had taken part in a discrimination in which Stimulus A was paired with food and the Simultaneous Compound AB was followed by nothing. Experiment 1 revealed that responding during AB, after conditioning with B, was weaker than for a group given nonreinforced trials with B, rather than AB, in the initial discrimination. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that despite conditioning with B, subsequent reacquisition of the original discrimination was more rapid than for control groups. Experiment 4 revealed a similar outcome when the discrimination in the test phase was negative patterning, in which A and B were individually paired with food, whereas together they were followed by nothing
A 200 μA Duty-Cycled PLL for Wireless Sensor Nodes in 65 nm CMOS

The design of a duty-cycled PLL (DCPLL) capable of burst mode operation is presented. The proposed DCPLL is a moderately accurate low-power high-frequency synthesizer suitable for use in nodes for wireless sensor networks (WSN). Thanks to a dual loop configuration, the PLL's total frequency error, once in lock, is less than 0.25% from 300 MHz to 1.2 GHz. It employs a fast start-up DCO which enables its operation at duty-cycles as low as 10%. Fabricated in a baseline 65 nm CMOS technology, the DCPLL circuit occupies 0.19 x 0.15 mm2 and draws 200 μA from a 1.3 V supply when generating bursts of 1 GHz signal with a 10% duty-cycle.
Effects of Reading Storybooks Aloud to Children

Abstract Findings from a longitudinal study of reading comprehension development that revealed a negative relationship between the amount of time kindergarten teachers spend reading to kindergarten children and the children's reading achievement are presented. The amount of time first-grade teachers spent reading to their students was unrelated to the reading achievement of their students. Results are discussed in terms of a “displacement theory. ” In other words, teachers who read the most spent the least amount of time in teaching activities that were positively correlated with reading achievement. Further information gathered from parent questionnaires about the time they spend reading to their children and the children's independent reading reveal a positive relationship between reading achievement and the time children spend engaged with print, but no relationship between reading achievement and the amount of time parents spent reading to their children. Further analyses revealed no relationship betwe.
Recognition and Memory for Briefly Presented Scenes

Three times per second, our eyes make a new fixation that generates a new bottom-up analysis in the visual system. How much is extracted from each glimpse? For how long and in what form is that information remembered? To answer these questions, investigators have mimicked the effect of continual shifts of fixation by using rapid serial visual presentation of sequences of unrelated pictures. Experiments in which viewers detect specified target pictures show that detection on the basis of meaning is possible at presentation durations as brief as 13 ms, suggesting that understanding may be based on feedforward processing, without feedback. In contrast, memory for what was just seen is poor unless the viewer has about 500 ms to think about the scene: the scene does not need to remain in view. Initial memory loss after brief presentations occurs over several seconds, suggesting that at least some of the information from the previous few fixations persists long enough to support a coherent representation of the current environment. In contrast to marked memory loss shortly after brief presentations, memory for pictures viewed for 1 s or more is excellent. Although some specific visual information persists, the form and content of the perceptual and memory representations of pictures over time indicate that conceptual information is extracted early and determines most of what remains in longer-term memory.
A Typology of Styles of Loving

Constructed ideal types differentiating between several con trasting conceptions of intimate adult affiliation ("love") were de rived from fictional and non-fictional literature. A new interview method was devised to enable individuals "in love" to reconstruct their experience in codeable form. The constructed types were tested and revised, producing a structured typology of readily distinguish able styles of loving. The salient characteristics of the six most significant styles are summarized.
Global Nature of Dynamic Protein-Chromatin Interactions In Vivo: Three-Dimensional Genome Scanning and Dynamic Interaction Networks of Chromatin Proteins

ABSTRACT Genome structure and gene expression depend on a multitude of chromatin-binding proteins. The binding properties of these proteins to native chromatin in intact cells are largely unknown. Here, we describe an approach based on combined in vivo photobleaching microscopy and kinetic modeling to analyze globally the dynamics of binding of chromatin-associated proteins in living cells. We have quantitatively determined basic biophysical properties, such as off rate constants, residence time, and bound fraction, of a wide range of chromatin proteins of diverse functions in vivo. We demonstrate that most chromatin proteins have a high turnover on chromatin with a residence time on the order of seconds, that the major fraction of each protein is bound to chromatin at steady state, and that transient binding is a common property of chromatin-associated proteins. Our results indicate that chromatin-binding proteins find their binding sites by three-dimensional scanning of the genome space and our data are consistent with a model in which chromatin-associated proteins form dynamic interaction networks in vivo. We suggest that these properties are crucial for generating high plasticity in genome expression.
Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study

Aim To evaluate the incidence and prevalence of uveitis and associated risk factors in South Korea. Methods For this retrospective national cohort study, approximately 1 000 000 Korean residents were randomly selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Uveitis was defined according to the Korean Classification of Diseases. The uveitis incidence and prevalence were calculated. Sociodemographic factors and comorbidities associated with uveitis were evaluated via Cox proportional regression models. Results A total of 1 094 440 subjects were evaluated over 7 051 346 person-years (mean follow-up: 6.44 years). Overall, 7447 newly developed uveitis cases were identified during the period of 2007–2013; the average incidence of uveitis was 10.6 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI 10.3 to 10.8). The average incidences of anterior and non-anterior uveitis were 9.0 and 1.5 per 10 000 person-years, respectively. The prevalence rates of uveitis, anterior uveitis and non-anterior uveitis were 17.3, 15.0 and 2.3 per 10 000 persons, respectively, during the period of 2007–2013. Increasing age, male sex, residing in a relatively rural area and high income were associated with uveitis, along with Behçet’s disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematous, ulcerative colitis and tuberculosis. Conclusions The overall incidence of uveitis in Korea was similar to those reported in Taiwan and the USA. Despite a potentially inaccurate disease definition, claims data may be useful for monitoring the substantial uveitis burden in South Korea.
The Digital Technology Revolution and Its Effect on the Market for Copyrighted Works: Is History Repeating Itself?

Recent changes in the technological environment have had a significant impact on the sale of copyrighted works. This article examines the effect of those changes in a historical context and compares the current issues facing copyright owners with previous challenges. The authors conclude that the present market environment bears a great deal of similarity to previous “crises,” although there are important differences that may dramatically alter the economic landscape for content owners. The ramifications of increased copyright control vis-à-vis the status quo are examined.
Neoliberalizing Race, Racing Neoliberalism: Placing “Race” in Neoliberal Discourses

there is more to be done, both theoretically and empirically, on the specification and exploration of different processes of neoliberalization. This would need to take account of the ways in which ideologies of neoliberalism are themselves produced and reproduced through institutional forms and poltical action, since ‘actually existing; neoliberalisms are always (in some way or another) hybrid of composite structures (see Larner 2000). (Peck and Tickell 2002: 383)
LESS IS MORE: A STUDY OF LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION IN CHILDREN

A task devised to study comprehension of the words ‘more’ and ‘less’ was given to a group of 15 children aged between 3:5 yr. and 4:1 yr. Another task, designed to assess comprehension of ‘less’ without reference to ‘more’, was given to the same group approximately 6 months later. The main finding (which holds for both occasions) is that only one subject gave consistently correct responses to ‘less’. For the others it seemed that ‘less’ remained largely undifferentiated from ‘more’. The children showed a marked tendency to make the same response, irrespective of which of the two words was used in the instruction. ‘More’ was dominant as the interpretation given to the undifferentiated pair.
Financial self‐efficacy among women entrepreneurs

Purpose – As the number of women businesses owners grows worldwide, it is increasingly important to understand the factors which contribute to their success. While entrepreneurship research identifies access to human and financial capital as being important, fewer studies explore the role of sociocognitive factors such as self‐efficacy or confidence in one's abilities to perform a particular task. This paper aims to examine gender‐related attitudes toward financial management drawing from existing studies education, cognitive psychology, and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study creates a measure of financial self‐efficacy (FSE) and highlights the importance of age and racial differences among experienced, nascent and aspiring women entrepreneurs. Firm and individual‐level data were obtained from a web survey and subsequent factor analysis and analysis of variance statistical methods utilized.Findings – Empirical findings only partially attest to the lack of confidence combine.
Does difference in the storage method of bone flaps after decompressive craniectomy affect the incidence of surgical site infection after cranioplasty? Comparison between subcutaneous pocket and cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND After decompressive craniectomy for brain swelling, bone flaps need to be stored in a sterile fashion until cranioplasty. Temporary placement in a subcutaneous pocket (SP) and cryopreservation (CP) are the two commonly used methods for preserving bone flaps. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication of cranioplasty, and the storage method associated with a lower SSI incidence is favored. It is unclear, however, whether one storage method is superior to the other in terms of SSI prevention. METHODS During a 9-year period, 70 patients underwent decompressive craniectomy and subsequent cranioplasty. Bone flaps from 39 patients were stored using SP and those from the other 31 were stored using CP. Demographic data and SSI incidence was compared. RESULTS There were no significant demographic differences between the groups. SSI occurred in seven patients: 2 (5.1%) in the SP group and 5 (16.1%) in the CP group. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.23). When each group was further divided into two categories based on etiology (traumatic brain injury [TBI] versus non-TBI), CP showed a significantly higher SSI incidence compared with SP (28.6% versus 0%, p = 0.02) in the TBI category. However, the difference in incidence was not significant in the non-TBI category. CONCLUSIONS SP and CP may be equally efficacious for storage of bone flaps of non-TBI etiology; however, SP may be the storage method of choice for TBI. It remains to be verified in a prospective fashion whether SP is truly the better method of storing bone flaps in TBI.
Early Arrival or Trespassing? Leadership, School Security, and the Right to the School

School leaders are under constant pressure to ensure that schools are safe and to demonstrate that student safety and discipline are priorities. In many districts, schools rely on local law enforcement, school police, or security personnel to assist with promoting and maintaining safe schools. To encourage school leaders to think critically about the role of law enforcement and security personnel in schools, we present a school-level case where a principal is arrested for intervening to stop the arrest of a student. The case is appropriate for school- and district-level leadership courses that examine social, political, and cultural contexts that shape decision making.
Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for Low Cost RFID Tags

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology one of the most promising technologies in the field of ubiquitous computing. Indeed, RFID technology may well replace barcode technology. Although it offers many advantages over other identification systems, there are also associated security risks that are not easy to be addressed. When designing a real lightweight authentication protocol for low cost RFID tags, a number of challenges arise due to the extremely limited computational, storage and communication abilities of Low-cost RFID tags. This paper proposes a real mutual authentication protocol for low cost RFID tags. The proposed protocol prevents passive attacks as active attacks are discounted when designing a protocol to meet the requirements of low cost RFID tags. However the implementation of the protocol meets the limited abilities of low cost RFID tags.
Psychiatric service delivery in an Asian country: the experience of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is an island with a population of 19.4 million. Compared to its south Asian neighbors it has favorable health statistics for its per capita income and the health investment. Currently, the country is facing several crises--a declining world economy, the Asian economic crises, political instability, and ongoing terrorist activities. The health sector too has been adversely affected by these factors with the added impact of plateauing of State investments on health, and a demographic and epidemiological transition. The mental health services suffer from a history of under-investment, an emphasis towards 'asylum-based care' inherited from the British and from emerging problems such as violence, displacements and disruption in social groupings. The demands for more sophisticated and comprehensive care too have increased. As a result, mental healthcare is at a critical juncture in its development in the country. With the renewed global interest in the area, Sri Lanka is in an ideal situation to make a quantum leap in developing its services to new heights.