Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS IN AN ONLINE BLOGOSPHERE

Social network is a social structure that exists among the similar interest of individuals, organizations or even on relations like friendship. Social network analysis is the measure of relationship between people, organizations and processing entities. In today’s scenario, Internet is acting as an interface for the people who spread across the globe to exchange their ideas. Social network analysis is a Web 2.0 application, which facilitates the users to interact, response and express their views. Social network analysis has greatest attention as a research area in computer science in the recent past. Blogs or weblogs are like catalogs that are maintained by individuals related to a particular topic of interest. In this problem, we analyze the blog responses as social networks that are posted by AIDS patients over a period of time.
Accurate Calibration of LiDAR-Camera Systems Using Ordinary Boxes

This paper deals with the calibration of a visual system, consisting of RGB cameras and 3D Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) sensors. Registering two separate point clouds coming from different modalities is always challenging. We propose a novel and accurate calibration method using simple cardboard boxes with known sizes. Our approach is principally based on the detection of box planes in LiDAR point clouds, thus it can calibrate different LiDAR equipments. Moreover, camera-LiDAR calibration is also possible with minimal manual intervention. The proposed algorithm is validated and compared to state-of-the-art techniques both on synthesized data and real-world measurements taken by a visual system consisting of LiDAR sensors and RGB cameras.
Factors Diminishing the Effectiveness of Phosphorus Loading from Municipal Effluent: Critical Information for TMDL Analyses

Factors that diminish the effectiveness of phosphorus inputs from a municipal wastewater treatment facility (Metro) in contributing to phosphorus levels and its availability to support algae growth in a culturally eutrophic urban lake (Onondaga Lake, NY) were characterized and quantified. These factors included the bioavailability and settling characteristics of particulate phosphorus from this effluent, the dominant form (70%) of phosphorus in this input, and the plunging of the discharge to stratified layers in the lake. Supporting studies included: (1) chemical and morphometric characterization of the phosphorus‐enriched particles of this effluent, compared to particle populations of the tributaries and lake, with an individual particle analysis technique; (2) conduct of algal bioavailability assays of the particulate phosphorus of the effluent; (3) conduct of multiple size class settling velocity measurements on effluent particles; and (4) determinations of the propensity of the discharge to plunge, and documentation of plunging through three‐dimensional monitoring of a tracer adjoining the outfall. All of these diminishing effects were found to be operative for the Metro effluent in Onondaga Lake and will be integrated into a forthcoming phosphorus “total maximum daily load” analysis for the lake, through appropriate representation in a supporting mechanistic water quality model. The particulate phosphorus in the effluent was associated entirely with Fe‐rich particles formed in the phosphorus treatment process. These particles did not contribute to concentrations in pelagic portions of the lake, due to local deposition associated with their large size. Moreover, this particulate phosphorus was found to be nearly entirely unavailable to support algae growth. While substantial differences are to be expected for various inputs, the effective loading concept and the approaches adopted here to assess the diminishing factors are broadly applicable.
A Homoeotic Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana with Leafy Cotyledons

Cotyledons are specialized leaves produced during plant embryogenesis. Cotyledons and leaves typically differ in morphology, ultrastructure, and patterns of gene expression. The leafy cotyledon (Iec) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana fails to maintain this distinction between embryonic and vegetative patterns of plant development. Mutant embryos are phenotypically abnormal, occasionally viviparous, and intolerant of desiccation. Mutant cotyledons produce trichomes characteristic of leaves, lack embryo-specific protein bodies, and exhibit a vascular pattern intermediate between that of leaves and cotyledons. These results suggest that lec cotyledons are partially transformed into leaves and that the wild-type gene (LEC) functions to activate a wide range of embryo-specific pathways in higher plants.
A comparison of two validated tests for upper limb function after stroke: The Wolf Motor Function Test and the Action Research Arm Test.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the concurrent validity between the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and to compare their reproducibility, internal consistency and floor and ceiling effects in the same sample of stroke patients. METHODS Forty patients participated in this study. Concurrent validity was determined with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Reproducibility was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots, internal consistency by means of Cronbach's alphas, and floor and ceiling effects were considered to be present if more than 20% of patients fell outside a preliminary set lower and upper boundary. RESULTS Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.86. ICCs for inter-rater and intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.92 to 0.97. Bland-Altman plots showed a less stable way of scoring for the WMFT, compared with the ARAT. Cronbach's alpha was > 0.98 for both scales. No floor and ceiling effects were found. CONCLUSION The present study showed good clinimetric properties for both assessments. The high concurrent validity suggests that ARAT and WMFT have significant overlap with regard to the underlying construct that is being measured.
An Upper Limit on the Coalescence Rate of Double Neutron-Star Binaries in the Galaxy

In the context of assessing the detectability of the coalescence of two neutron stars (NS) by currently built gravitational wave experiments, we present a way of obtaining an upper limit to the coalescence rate in the Galaxy. We consider the NS/NS progenitors just before the second supernova explosion. We combine the theoretical understanding of orbital dynamics at NS formation with methods of empirically estimating pulsar birth rates and derive an upper limit of a few mergers every 105 yr. Such a Galactic rate implies a possible detection by the "enhanced" LIGO of up to a few to 10 mergers per year.
Structural Characterization of New Peptide Variants Produced by Cyanobacteria from the Brazilian Atlantic Coastal Forest Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cyanobacteria from underexplored and extreme habitats are attracting increasing attention in the search for new bioactive substances. However, cyanobacterial communities from tropical and subtropical regions are still largely unknown, especially with respect to metabolite production. Among the structurally diverse secondary metabolites produced by these organisms, peptides are by far the most frequently described structures. In this work, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization coupled to high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry with positive ion detection was applied to study the peptide profile of a group of cyanobacteria isolated from the Southeastern Brazilian coastal forest. A total of 38 peptides belonging to three different families (anabaenopeptins, aeruginosins, and cyanopeptolins) were detected in the extracts. Of the 38 peptides, 37 were detected here for the first time. New structural features were proposed based on mass accuracy data and isotopic patterns derived from full scan and MS/MS spectra. Interestingly, of the 40 surveyed strains only nine were confirmed to be peptide producers; all of these strains belonged to the order Nostocales (three Nostoc sp., two Desmonostoc sp. and four Brasilonema sp.).
Strategies for helping families prepare for birth: experiences from eastern central Uganda

Background Promotion of birth preparedness and raising awareness of potential complications is one of the main strategies to enhance the timely utilisation of skilled care at birth and overcome barriers to accessing care during emergencies. Objective This study aimed to investigate factors associated with birth preparedness in three districts of eastern central Uganda. Design This was a cross-sectional baseline study involving 2,010 women from Iganga [community health worker (CHW) strategy], Buyende (vouchers for transport and services), and Luuka (standard care) districts who had delivered within the past 12 months. ‘Birth prepared’ was defined as women who had taken all of the following three key actions at least 1 week prior to the delivery: 1) chosen where to deliver from; 2) saved money for transport and hospital costs; and 3) bought key birth materials (a clean instrument to cut the cord, a clean thread to tie the cord, cover sheet, and gloves). Logistical regression was performed to assess the association of various independent variables with birth preparedness. Results Only about 25% of respondents took all three actions relating to preparing for childbirth, but discrete actions (e.g. financial savings and identification of place to deliver) were taken by 75% of respondents. Variables associated with being prepared for birth were: having four antenatal care (ANC) visits [adjusted odds ratio (ORA)=1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.83], attendance of ANC during the first (ORA=1.94; 95% CI 1.09–3.44) or second trimester (ORA=1.87; 95% CI 1.09–3.22), and counselling on danger signs during pregnancy or on place of referral (ORA=2.07; 95% CI 1.57–2.74). Other associated variables included being accompanied by one's husband to the place of delivery (ORA=1.47; 95% CI 1.15–1.89), higher socio-economic status (ORA=2.04; 95% CI 1.38–3.01), and having a regular income (ORA=1.83; 95% CI 1.20–2.79). Women from Luuka and Buyende were less likely to have taken three actions compared with women from Iganga (ORA=0.72; 95% CI 0.54–0.98 and ORA=0.37; 95% CI 0.27–0.51, respectively). Conclusions Engaging CHWs and local structures during pregnancy may be an effective strategy in promoting birth preparedness. On the other hand, if not well designed, the use of vouchers could disempower families in their efforts to prepare for birth. Other effective strategies for promoting birth preparedness include early ANC attendance, attending ANC at least four times, and male involvement.
New nalidixic acid resistance mutations related to deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase activity

In Escherichia coli K-12 mutants which had a new nalidixic acid resistance mutation at about 82 min on the chromosome map, cell growth was resistant to or hypersusceptible to nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, piromidic acid, pipemidic acid, and novobiocin. Deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase activity as tested by supercoiling of lambda phage deoxyribonucleic acid inside the mutants was similarly resistant or hypersusceptible to the compounds. The drug concentrations required for gyrase inhibition were much higher than those for cell growth inhibition but similar to those for inhibition of lambda phage multiplication. Transduction analysis with lambda phages carrying the chromosomal fragment of the tnaA-gyrB region suggested that one of the mutations, nal-31, was located on the gyrB gene.
A Conceptual Model for the reduction of Time based risk in the Software Project Management

Risk Management is a proactive approach for the minimization of loss and maximization of the productivity. We have proposed a model for the Software Risk Management based on the Developer, Development process and the customer. This model concentrates on the each element with the qualifying benchmark and strategies so that the whole process is optimized. The model has been used for the calculation of the schedule based risk and it as been compared with the existing method. The results are discussed.
Secure Transmission of Wireless Relaying Systems With Jammer and Multiple-User Selection

In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission of wireless relaying systems with multi-destinations and an eavesdropper (Eve) in Nakagami- $m$ fading channels. To protect the confidential message from leaking to the Eve, an intentional interference is sent from a selected destination. We propose two jammer selection schemes under two typical communication scenarios: 1) the channel state information (CSI) of the Eve is unknown, where a jammer is selected based on the CSI between the selected legitimate receiver and the other destination users and 2) the CSI of the Eve is available, where a jammer is selected based on the CSI between the Eve and the other destination users. To assess the performance of the two proposed schemes, we first derive the exact closed-form expressions of intercept probability and outage probability to evaluate the security and the reliability of the system, respectively. In addition, to evaluate the security and reliability as a whole, we propose a new definition of the security–reliability tradeoff, which allows us to easily optimize the power allocation and improve the performance. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the availability of the proposed schemes.
Role of Health Insurance in Averting Economic Hardship in Families After Acute Stroke in China

Background and Purpose— Stroke is a major health burden in China, but there are limited data on its economic effects on households. We aimed to examine the economic impact of stroke and to assess the influence of health insurance. Methods— In a nationwide, prospective, 62-hospital registry study of acute stroke in China, we recorded information on patient demographics, clinical features, socioeconomic factors, management, and costs of medical care. Information on out-of-pocket health expenses was obtained in surviving patients at 3- and 12-month follow-up. Catastrophic healthcare payments, defined as ≥30% of total household annual income, were estimated from reported household annual income. Results— Among 4739 3-month survivors of stroke with outcome data, average hospital and medication costs were 16 525 Chinese Yuan Renminbi (US $2361) and out-of-pocket costs were 14 478 Chinese Yuan Renminbi (US $2068). Overall, 3384 (71%) patients had experienced catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure. Workers without health insurance were 7 times (OR, 6.9; 95% CI, 4.6 to 10.3) more likely to experience catastrophic payments than workers with insurance. Health insurance also protected against catastrophic payments in patients who were either retired or not working (no insurance: OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 3.1 to 7.2; OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.6, respectively). Conclusions— Because healthcare costs are high relative to income in China, families face considerable economic hardship after stroke. Health insurance protects families against catastrophic healthcare payments, thus highlighting the need to accelerate the ongoing process of building a comprehensive healthcare system in both urban and rural settings in China.
Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration of Isoflurane with Different Xenon Concentrations in Swine

For patients requiring a fraction of inspired oxygen more than 0.3, the use of xenon (Xe) as the sole anesthetic is limited because of its large minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of 71%. This warrants investigating the combination of Xe with other inhaled anesthetics. We therefore investigated the influence of Xe on the MAC of isoflurane. The study was performed in 10 swine (weight, 28–35 kg) ventilated with Xe 0%, 15%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 65% in oxygen. For each Xe concentration, various concentrations of isoflurane were administered in a step-wise design. For each combination, a supramaximal pain stimulus (claw-clamp) was applied, and the appearance of a withdrawal reaction was recorded. The isoflurane MAC was defined as the end-tidal concentration required to produce a 50% response rate. At each Xe concentration, the responses to the pain stimulus were categorized, and a logistic regression model was fitted to the results to determine isoflurane MAC. Isoflurane MAC was decreased by inhalation of Xe in a nonlinear manner from 1.92% (95% confidence interval, 1.70%–2.15%) with 0% Xe to 1.17% (95% confidence interval, 0.75%–1.59%) with 65% Xe. Although this indicates partial antagonism of the two anesthetics, a combination of Xe with isoflurane may prove valuable for patients requiring a fraction of inspired oxygen more than 0.3.
Language Identification for Creating Language-Specific Twitter Collections

Social media services such as Twitter offer an immense volume of real-world linguistic data. We explore the use of Twitter to obtain authentic user-generated text in low-resource languages such as Nepali, Urdu, and Ukrainian. Automatic language identification (LID) can be used to extract language-specific data from Twitter, but it is unclear how well LID performs on short, informal texts in low-resource languages. We address this question by annotating and releasing a large collection of tweets in nine languages, focusing on confusable languages using the Cyrillic, Arabic, and Devanagari scripts. This is the first publicly-available collection of LID-annotated tweets in non-Latin scripts, and should become a standard evaluation set for LID systems. We also advance the state-of-the-art by evaluating new, highly-accurate LID systems, trained both on our new corpus and on standard materials only. Both types of systems achieve a huge performance improvement over the existing state-of-the-art, correctly classifying around 98% of our gold standard tweets. We provide a detailed analysis showing how the accuracy of our systems vary along certain dimensions, such as the tweet-length and the amount of in- and out-of-domain training data.
Loss of hydrophobicity of high density polyethylene

This study reports on the loss of hydrophobicity of high density polyethylene (HDPE) after immersion in a saline solution. The conductivity of the solution was varied from 5 to 10/sup 5/ /spl mu/S/cm and its temperature from 23 to 73/spl deg/C. The contact angle of a droplet of water on the polymer surface which gives a measure of the hydrophobicity was determined. The influence of applying either a radio frequency (RF) discharges or a high voltage dc stress on the loss and the recovery of the hydrophobicity was investigated. It is found that the contact angle decreased with increasing salinity level and increasing temperature of the solution. The time which it took for the surface energy and therefore, the hydrophobicity to drop depended on the combined stresses of salinity and heat. The contact angle decreased substantially after subjecting the surface to RF discharges and subsequently recovered very slowly after the removal of the stress. The increase in the weight and the surface roughness of the specimens due to absorption of the saline solution were also measured and correlated to the changes in the contact angle and thus to the hydrophobic property of the surface.
Enhanced food intake by progesterone-treated female rats is related to changes in neuropeptide genes expression in hypothalamus.

INTRODUCTION Progesterone-treated females eat more food, but the mechanism underlying this effect is not well understood. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of progesterone on neuropeptide genes expression in rat hypothalamus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experiments were carried out on female and male Wistar rats. Animals were treated with progesterone (100 mg per rat) for 28 days. NPY and CART mRNA levels in hypothalamus were quantified by real-time PCR. The serum progesterone concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Progesterone administration to females caused an increase in food intake, body mass, and white adipose tissue mass. Elevated circulating progesterone concentration up-regulated NPY and down-regulated CART genes expression in hypothalamus of females. In males, elevated blood progesterone concentration had no effect on food intake, body and fat mass and on the neuropeptide genes expression in hypothalamus. Moreover, administration of progesterone in females resulted in decrease of PR mRNA level in hypothalamus. No effect of progesterone administration on PR mRNA level in hypothalamus of males was found. CONCLUSIONS The changes in neuropeptide genes expression in hypothalamus may lead to stimulation of appetite and might explain the observed increase in food intake, body and adipose tissue mass in progesterone-treated females.
A ug 2 00 0 On the stability of the Kerr metric

The reduced (in the angular coordinate φ) wave equation and Klein-Gordon equation are considered on a Kerr background and in the framework of C-semigroup theory. Each equation is shown to have a well-posed initial value problem, i.e., to have a unique solution depending continuously on the data. Further, it is shown that the spectrum of the semigroup’s generator coincides with the spectrum of an operator polynomial whose coefficients can be read off from the equation. In this way the problem of deciding stability is reduced to a spectral problem and a mathematical basis is provided for mode considerations. For the wave equation it is shown that the resolvent of the semigroup’s generator and the corresponding Green’s functions can be computed using spheroidal functions. It is to be expected that, analogous to the case of a Schwarzschild background, the quasinormal frequencies of the Kerr black hole appear as resonances, i.e., poles of the analytic continuation of this resolvent. Finally, stability of the background with respect to reduced massive perturbations is proven for large enough masses.
Cells expressing the NG2 antigen contact nodes of Ranvier in adult CNS white matter

The NG2 antibody, which recognises an integral membrane chondroitin sulphate, labels a significant population of cells in adult CNS white matter tracts of the rat optic nerve and anterior medullary velum (AMV). Adult NG2+ cells are highly complex with multiple branching processes and we show by EM immunocytochemistry that they extend perinodal processes, which contact nodes of Ranvier. NG2+ cells do not react to conventional immunohistochemical markers for adult glia and so we reservedly term them NG2P cells. In vitro, NG2 labels oligodendrocyte‐type‐2 astrocyte (O‐2A) progenitors that can give rise to oligodendrocytes or type‐2 astrocytes, depending on the culture medium. Thus, it is possible that NG2P cells may be derived from the same stem cells as oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, NG2+ cells identified previously in adult CNS displayed phenotypic characteristics of O‐2Aadult progenitors and it is possible that, like them, NG2P cells might retain the capacity of generating oligodendrocytes in the adult CNS. This may be an important role of NG2P cells in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. It is significant therefore that the perinodal processes of NG2P cells contact the only sites of exposed axolemma in myelinated axons, so that NG2P cells are ideally situated to detect and respond to changes in axonal function during demyelination. A further implication of our finding is that NG2P cells may perform functions at nodes of Ranvier previously attributed to perinodal astrocytes, including the clustering and maintenance of sodium channels in the axon membrane at nodes, during development and following demyelination. GLIA 26:84–91, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.