Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One Dimensional Shallow Water Equation Streamflow Modeling using WASH123D Model

Reservoir inflow forecasting assists dam operator in reservoir operation by providing advance information on lake level. This paper discusses on the application of the physical-based numerical model to simulate one-dimensional channel network using WASH123D Model. The model was developed to simulate streamflow at two locations namely Sg Kejar and Sg Tiang, located in the Temengor catchment. The WASH123D model performed channel routing using shallow water equation. The model input data includes rainfall from 5 rainfall stations, river cross sections and simulated runoff data using SCS Method. Due to unavailable observed data, results comparisons were performed using streamflow results obtained using InfoWorks RS Platform. The peak flow from simulation results at Sg Kejar & Sg Tiang Station is 152.6m3/s and 36.6m3/s. The analysis shows good agreement for both simulations with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.68 for Sg Kejar and 0.99 for Sg Tiang. It is suggested that model recalibration shall be made once there is enough water level data to enable more accurate representation of spatial heterogeneity in the catchment processes.
Australian preservice teachers’ attitudes and perceived efficacy for teaching in inclusive classrooms

ABSTRACT This study explored preservice teachers’ attitudes and perceived efficacy for teaching in inclusive classrooms. The participants were 163 students in their second year of a Bachelor of Education degree at an Australian university. Attitudes and perceived teaching efficacy were measured using the Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Inclusion Scale Adjusted (TAISA) and the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice scale (TEIP). Preservice teachers in the early childhood and primary teaching areas reported more positive attitudes towards inclusion than did those who were training to become secondary school teachers. Levels of perceived efficacy did not differ across the three teaching areas. Participants who had chosen a disability elective reported more positive attitudes, but not higher perceived efficacy. Those with better knowledge of disability legislation reported more positive attitudes and higher perceived efficacy than those who reported being less knowledgeable. Previous contact with a person with a disability was unrelated to attitudes and perceived efficacy. The findings highlight the importance of including core units in disability and inclusive education within all teacher training programmes.
Negative Emotion Impairs Conflict-Driven Executive Control

Cognition and emotion interact in important ways to shape ongoing behaviors. In this study, we investigated the interaction between conflict-driven executive control adjustments and emotion during a face-word Stroop-like paradigm. Neutral and negative images were employed to manipulate emotion. We were particularly interested in contrasting two hypotheses of the impact of emotion on conflict adaptation effects. On the one hand, resource accounts of cognitive–emotional interactions predict that behavioral adjustments following incongruent trials would be decreased when participants also have to process a negative stimulus. On the other hand, affect regulation models predict that negative emotion should increase behavioral adjustments. We found that task-irrelevant negative stimuli significantly reduced conflict-driven control effects (i.e., conflict adaptation) compared to neutral images. We interpret the findings in terms of shared resources between proactive control mechanisms and emotional processing. Our findings demonstrate that emotion interacts with executive mechanisms responsible for dynamic behavioral adjustments that are tied to environmental demands, a central facet of flexible, goal-directed behavior.
Frontal depressions over the Mediterranean sea and Central Southern Europe

Nous avons analyse la frequence des depressions frontales au-dessus de l'Europe centrale meridionale et de la mer Mediterranee en nous fondant sur les cartes synoptiques quotidiennes pendant une periode de neuf ans (1971-197 9). Les depressions frontales sont classees en cinq types (A, B, C, D, E) fondes sur leurs regions de formation. Tableaux et cartes montrent leurs frequences annuelles et saisonnieres dans la region etudiee. Leur repartition concorde avec les modeles courants de la circulation de l'hemisphere nord. Les trajectoires moyennes des perturbations ont ete determinees. Dix trajectoires particulieres caartographiees montrent la direction suivie par nombre de depressions se dirigeant depuis l'ouest vers la Corse ou l'Italie du Nord.
Facial Emotion Recognition in Parkinson's Disease: An fMRI Investigation

Background Findings of behavioral studies on facial emotion recognition in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are very heterogeneous. Therefore, the present investigation additionally used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in order to compare brain activation during emotion perception between PD patients and healthy controls. Methods and Findings We included 17 nonmedicated, nondemented PD patients suffering from mild to moderate symptoms and 22 healthy controls. The participants were shown pictures of facial expressions depicting disgust, fear, sadness, and anger and they answered scales for the assessment of affective traits. The patients did not report lowered intensities for the displayed target emotions, and showed a comparable rating accuracy as the control participants. The questionnaire scores did not differ between patients and controls. The fMRI data showed similar activation in both groups except for a generally stronger recruitment of somatosensory regions in the patients. Conclusions Since somatosensory cortices are involved in the simulation of an observed emotion, which constitutes an important mechanism for emotion recognition, future studies should focus on activation changes within this region during the course of disease.
Urinary Phytoestrogen Excretion and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

The objective of this study was to examine the association of urinary phytoestrogens with the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study included 36,458 postmenopausal women who provided blood or urine specimens. A nested case-control study of breast cancer with biospecimens was created in which cases diagnosed after specimen collection were matched to two controls. Two hundred fifty-one women with breast cancer and 462 controls had urine available for analysis of urinary phytoestrogens. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using conditional logistic regression. A nonmonotonic inverse trend (P = 0.04) in breast cancer risk was associated with increasing urinary excretion of genistein (OR 25th-75th percentile, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.99) and total isoflavones (OR 25th-75th percentile, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65-0.99). A significant reduction in breast cancer risk in Japanese-American women was associated with the highest compared with the lowest quartile excretion of urinary daidzein (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.89; Ptrend, 0.005). The risk of breast cancer was reduced among White women with the highest compared with the lowest quartile excretion of equol (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08-0.95), although the trend in risk was not significant (P = 0.07). Our results provide some support to the hypothesis that a diet rich in isoflavones from soy products reduces the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly in populations with comparatively high excretion of phytoestrogens.
2 Energy at the Lunar Surface

By its nature a sediment or sedimentary rock represents expended energy. It is the product, to a large degree, of its physical environment. On the earth's surface the physical environment of the planet is dominated by the atmosphere and the hydrosphere both acting as intermediaries in the transfer of solar energy for the breakdown and dispersal of sedimentary materials. The moon by contrast very obviously lacks both an atmosphere and a hydrosphere. This means that solar energy, which is by far the most important energy source for the formation of terrestrial sediments, is almost completely ineffective in this role on the lunar surface. However, the absence of an atmosphere and hydrosphere on the moon leaves the planetary surface bared to the interplanetary environment and kinetic energy in the form of impacting meteoroids. It also leaves other processes such as volcanism, mass movement and electrostatic processes unimpeded on rhe lunar surface. In this chapter the various potential energy sources are evaluated in terms of their abilities to erode or transport detrital materials on the lunar surface. The significance of some energy sources, such as meteoroid flux, is obvious while others, such as the potential value of solar radiation, are much debated.
Space-Time Adaptive Simulation of Highly Deformable Substances

This report presents an approach for efficiently yet precisely simulating highly deformable substances ranging from solids to liquids. The key idea is to use a state equation for specifying the dynamics of the substance. During a simulation, the material is sampled by particles that derive their interaction forces from this state equation. Since this ensures the same qualitative behavior whatever the discretization rate, an adaptive scheme can be used during simulations: the particle system adapts over space and time according to a given compromise between precision and computati- onal efficiency. The system refines (i.e., particles are subdivided) in areas undergoing large or fast deformations, while it simplifies (i.e., neighboring particles are merged) in stable regions. Meanwhile, the values of the individual integration time steps used for each particle are automatica- lly adapted to avoid instabilities. An active implicit surface is used to visualize the substance. It smoothly coats the particles and filters over time internal changes of granularity.
The use of statistical tools in field testing of putative effects of genetically modified plants on nontarget organisms

Abstract To fulfill existing guidelines, applicants that aim to place their genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant crop plants on the market are required to provide data from field experiments that address the potential impacts of the GM plants on nontarget organisms (NTO's). Such data may be based on varied experimental designs. The recent EFSA guidance document for environmental risk assessment (2010) does not provide clear and structured suggestions that address the statistics of field trials on effects on NTO's. This review examines existing practices in GM plant field testing such as the way of randomization, replication, and pseudoreplication. Emphasis is placed on the importance of design features used for the field trials in which effects on NTO's are assessed. The importance of statistical power and the positive and negative aspects of various statistical models are discussed. Equivalence and difference testing are compared, and the importance of checking the distribution of experimental data is stressed to decide on the selection of the proper statistical model. While for continuous data (e.g., pH and temperature) classical statistical approaches – for example, analysis of variance (ANOVA) – are appropriate, for discontinuous data (counts) only generalized linear models (GLM) are shown to be efficient. There is no golden rule as to which statistical test is the most appropriate for any experimental situation. In particular, in experiments in which block designs are used and covariates play a role GLMs should be used. Generic advice is offered that will help in both the setting up of field testing and the interpretation and data analysis of the data obtained in this testing. The combination of decision trees and a checklist for field trials, which are provided, will help in the interpretation of the statistical analyses of field trials and to assess whether such analyses were correctly applied. We offer generic advice to risk assessors and applicants that will help in both the setting up of field testing and the interpretation and data analysis of the data obtained in field testing.
The sentiment of user comments in relation to sponsored branding on YouTube

After the introduction of the Internet and several social media platforms, advertisers use narrative advertisement to influence potential consumers. However, consumers are becoming more vocal and critical and with the easy accessibility of the Internet, and engage in online discussions that can potentially influence the attitude towards a brand or product and the intention to purchase. Through product reviewing on YouTube, consumers can share and express their opinion regarding a specific brand or product with other consumers. Advertisers are now collaborating with these reviewers through sponsorship deals in order to talk about their brand, and thus advertise and promote them. Via comments with different sentiments on YouTube, users can discuss and express their opinion and emotion towards the associated brand which is being talked about in the video. This research sets out to investigate the potential influence these user comments underneath a video on YouTube has on the brand and product that is being reviewed by a consumer. The research is guided by the following research question: How and to what extent do the sentiment of own and others’ YouTube comments and review type influence brand attitude and purchase intention of products featured in a review video on YouTube? A quantitative research method was conducted, using a survey to retrieve data from the participants in order to analyse and help answer the research question. The experiment consisted of a (paid) product review video and linked this to user comments, which were chosen after performing a sentiment analysis, potentially influencing the brand attitude and purchase intention of the participant. This classical experimental design consisted of ten separate conditions and retrieved 412 completed surveys. According to the analysis of the findings, the sentiment of chosen comments on YouTube influences brand attitude positively. Subsequently, brand attitude has a positive relation with purchase intention. Conversely, reading comments that other users have written do not influence any behaviour towards commenting or attitude towards a brand. Also, a narrative advertising strategy used into product reviewing on YouTube is not of importance in the end. This study recommends similar researching for distinct products, while focusing on target groups, even outside the social media platform of YouTube.
Rapid Erasure of Long-Term Memory Associations in the Cortex by an Inhibitor of PKMζ

Little is known about the neuronal mechanisms that subserve long-term memory persistence in the brain. The components of the remodeled synaptic machinery, and how they sustain the new synaptic or cellwide configuration over time, are yet to be elucidated. In the rat cortex, long-term associative memories vanished rapidly after local application of an inhibitor of the protein kinase C isoform, protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ). The effect was observed for at least several weeks after encoding and may be irreversible. In the neocortex, which is assumed to be the repository of multiple types of long-term memory, persistence of memory is thus dependent on ongoing activity of a protein kinase long after that memory is considered to have consolidated into a long-term stable form.
Malic Acid Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Engineering of Pyruvate Carboxylation, Oxaloacetate Reduction, and Malate Export

ABSTRACT Malic acid is a potential biomass-derivable “building block” for chemical synthesis. Since wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains produce only low levels of malate, metabolic engineering is required to achieve efficient malate production with this yeast. A promising pathway for malate production from glucose proceeds via carboxylation of pyruvate, followed by reduction of oxaloacetate to malate. This redox- and ATP-neutral, CO2-fixing pathway has a theoretical maximum yield of 2 mol malate (mol glucose)−1. A previously engineered glucose-tolerant, C2-independent pyruvate decarboxylase-negative S. cerevisiae strain was used as the platform to evaluate the impact of individual and combined introduction of three genetic modifications: (i) overexpression of the native pyruvate carboxylase encoded by PYC2, (ii) high-level expression of an allele of the MDH3 gene, of which the encoded malate dehydrogenase was retargeted to the cytosol by deletion of the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence, and (iii) functional expression of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malate transporter gene SpMAE1. While single or double modifications improved malate production, the highest malate yields and titers were obtained with the simultaneous introduction of all three modifications. In glucose-grown batch cultures, the resulting engineered strain produced malate at titers of up to 59 g liter−1 at a malate yield of 0.42 mol (mol glucose)−1. Metabolic flux analysis showed that metabolite labeling patterns observed upon nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of cultures grown on 13C-labeled glucose were consistent with the envisaged nonoxidative, fermentative pathway for malate production. The engineered strains still produced substantial amounts of pyruvate, indicating that the pathway efficiency can be further improved.
How Cannabis Causes Paranoia: Using the Intravenous Administration of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to Identify Key Cognitive Mechanisms Leading to Paranoia

Paranoia is receiving increasing attention in its own right, since it is a central experience of psychotic disorders and a marker of the health of a society. Paranoia is associated with use of the most commonly taken illicit drug, cannabis. The objective was to determine whether the principal psychoactive ingredient of cannabis—∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—causes paranoia and to use the drug as a probe to identify key cognitive mechanisms underlying paranoia. A randomized, placebo-controlled, between-groups test of the effects of intravenous THC was conducted. A total of 121 individuals with paranoid ideation were randomized to receive placebo, THC, or THC preceded by a cognitive awareness condition. Paranoia was assessed extensively via a real social situation, an immersive virtual reality experiment, and standard self-report and interviewer measures. Putative causal factors were assessed. Principal components analysis was used to create a composite paranoia score and composite causal variables to be tested in a mediation analysis. THC significantly increased paranoia, negative affect (anxiety, worry, depression, negative thoughts about the self), and a range of anomalous experiences, and reduced working memory capacity. The increase in negative affect and in anomalous experiences fully accounted for the increase in paranoia. Working memory changes did not lead to paranoia. Making participants aware of the effects of THC had little impact. In this largest study of intravenous THC, it was definitively demonstrated that the drug triggers paranoid thoughts in vulnerable individuals. The most likely mechanism of action causing paranoia was the generation of negative affect and anomalous experiences.
The genotype distribution of the XRCC1 gene indicates a role for base excision repair in the development of therapy-related acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been described. These polymorphisms may affect DNA repair capacity and modulate cancer susceptibility by means of gene-environment interactions. We investigated DNA repair capacity and its association with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). We studied polymorphisms in 3 DNA repair genes: XRCC1, XRCC3, and XPD. We also assessed the incidence of a functional polymorphism in the NQO1 gene, which is involved in protection of cells from oxidative damage. We genotyped the polymorphisms by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis in 134 patients with de novo AML, 34 with therapy-related AML (t-AML), and 178 controls. The distributions of the XRCC3 Thr241Met and NQO1 Pro187Ser genotypes were not significantly different in patients and controls. However, the distribution of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln genotypes was significantly different when comparing the t-AML and control groups (chi(2), P =. 03). The presence of at least one XRCC1 399Gln allele indicated a protective effect for the allele in controls compared with patients with t-AML (odds ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.93). We found no interactions between the XRCC1 or XRCC3 and NQO1 genotypes. We also found no differences in the distribution of the XPD Lys751Gln or XRCC1 Arg194Trp genotypes. Our data provide evidence of a protective effect against AML in individuals with at least one copy of the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele compared with those homozygous for the common allele.
Representations of Script G+++ and the role of space-time

We consider the decomposition of the adjoint and fundamental representations of very extended Kac-Moody algebras +++ with respect to their regular A type subalgebra which, in the corresponding non-linear realisation, is associated with gravity. We find that for many very extended algebras almost all the A type representations that occur in the decomposition of the fundamental representations also occur in the adjoint representation of +++. In particular, for E8+++, this applies to all its fundamental representations. However, there are some important examples, such as AN−3+++, where this is not true and indeed the adjoint representation contains no generator that can be identified with a space-time translation. We comment on the significance of these results for how space-time can occur in the non-linear realisation based on +++. Finally we show that there is a correspondence between the A representations that occur in the fundamental representation associated with the very extended node and the adjoint representation of +++ which is consistent with the interpretation of the former as charges associated with brane solutions.