Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolic oxidation of acenaphthen-1-ol.

Abstract1. Acenaphthen-1-ol is dehydrogenated to acenaphthen-1-one in the rat and in subcellular fractions of rat liver fortified with oxidized nicotinamide nucleotides.2. 1,8-Naphthalic acid has been isolated as its anhydride from the urine of rats dosed with either acenaphthen-1-ol or acenaphthen-1-one.3. Acenaphthen-1-one is oxidized to acenaphthene-1,2-quinone on incubation with a rat liver microsomal fraction fortified with an NADPH-generating system.4. Although 1,8-naphthalic acid is the major metabolite excreted by rats dosed with acenaphthen-1-ol or acenaphthen-1-one only trace amounts of the acid are detected in incubation systems containing the alcohol or ketone.
Genetic alterations in K‐ras and p53 cancer genes in lung neoplasms from Swiss (CD‐1) male mice exposed transplacentally to AZT

A transplacental carcinogenicity study was conducted by exposing pregnant Swiss (CD‐1) mice to 0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg of 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine (AZT)/kg bw/day, through a 18 to 19‐day gestation [National Toxicology Program, NIH Pub. No. 04‐4458, 2004]. The incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas, in the 200 and 300 mg/kg male treatment groups, were significantly greater than that of the controls. In the present study, we evaluated the benign and malignant lung neoplasms from this bioassay for point mutations, in the K‐ras and p53 cancer genes that are often mutated in human lung tumors. K‐ras and p53 mutations were detected by cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction‐amplified DNA, isolated from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded neoplasms. K‐ras mutations were detected in 25 of 38 (66%) of the AZT‐induced lung tumors, and the predominant mutations were codon 12 G→T transversions. p53 mutations were detected in 32 of 38 (84%) of the AZT‐induced lung tumors, with the predominant mutations being exon 8, codon 285 A→T transversions, and exon 6, codon 198 T→A transversions. No K‐ras or p53 mutations were detected in five tumors, examined from control mice. The patterns of mutations identified in the lung tumors suggest that incorporation of AZT or its metabolites into DNA, oxidative stress, and genomic instability may be the contributing factors to the mutation profile and development of lung cancer in these mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for the Dial-a-Ride Problem

In the dial-a-ride problem, users formulate requests for transportation from a specific origin to a specific destination. Transportation is carried out by vehicles providing a shared service. The problem consists of designing a set of minimum-cost vehicle routes satisfying capacity, duration, time window, pairing, precedence, and ride-time constraints. This paper introduces a mixed-integer programming formulation of the problem and a branch-and-cut algorithm. The algorithm uses new valid inequalities for the dial-a-ride problem as well as known valid inequalities for the traveling salesman, the vehicle routing, and the pick-up and delivery problems. Computational experiments performed on randomly generated instances show that the proposed approach can be used to solve small to medium-size instances.
Investigating the role of psychological flexibility and the use of an acceptance and commitment therapy based intervention in irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic illness thought to be originated and maintained by a combination of physiological, psychological and social factors. IBS is known to be associated with a high psychosocial impact on patients’ lives. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an emerging model of conceptualization and treatment that states that most suffering in chronic illness can be explained by a lack of psychological flexibility or acceptance to experience aversive bodily sensations, thoughts or emotions. ACT treatments target the increase of psychological flexibility as a key change for improvement in outcomes. Recent studies suggest that ACT could not only be an effective alternative treatment for IBS, as it might provide a valuable model of understanding of the relations between the different factors related to this condition and its outcomes. The first aim of the present research was to investigate the role of psychological flexibility in IBS, in particular, how acceptance relates to psychological, emotional and physical factors in this condition. The second aim was to investigate the effectiveness of an ACT based intervention in increasing psychological flexibility in IBS and thereby improving IBS Outcomes. These aims were addressed by conducting two related studies. In Study 1, a sample of 121 IBS patients attending a specialized gastroenterology clinic completed a series of self-report measures of psychological flexibility (acceptance), psychological factors known to be associated with IBS and IBS outcomes. Results indicated that higher levels of acceptance were generally associated with and predicted better levels of IBS biopsychosocial factors. Results also showed that acceptance mediated most of the relationships between IBS predictors and Outcomes. Also, psychometric analyses of a novel measure of IBS Acceptance (i.e. IBS Acceptance and Action Questionnaire) created for this study demonstrated that it had good reliability and validity. In Study 2, fifty six IBS patients enrolled in an intervention involving a one day ACT workshop and an ACT based self-help workbook. Thirty six participants provided follow-up data up to 6 months after the workshop. Results indicated that there were significant increases in acceptance and significant improvement in IBS outcomes between pre-treatment and follow-up. Further to that, analyses indicated that changes in IBS Outcomes occurred through changes in acceptance as hypothesized by the ACT model. These studies suggest that psychological flexibility processes are important in the understanding of IBS and that improvement in this condition may result from a more psychologically flexible stance to it. Although preliminary, these studies provide a basis for the further development and application of the ACT model of conceptualization and treatment in IBS.
A High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)-Based Running Plan Improves Athletic Performance by Improving Muscle Power

Abstract García-Pinillos, F, Cámara-Pérez, JC, Soto-Hermoso, VM, and Latorre-Román, PÁ. A High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)-based running plan improves athletic performance by improving muscle power. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 146–153, 2017—This study aimed to examine the effect of a 5-week high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT)-based running plan on athletic performance and to compare the physiological and neuromuscular responses during a sprint-distance triathlon before and after the HIIT period. Thirteen triathletes were matched into 2 groups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). The CG was asked to maintain their normal training routines, whereas the EG maintained only their swimming and cycling routines and modified their running routine. Participants completed a sprint-distance triathlon before (pretest) and after (posttest) the intervention period. In both pretest and posttest, the participants performed 4 jumping tests: before the race (baseline), postswim, postcycling, and postrun. Additionally, heart rate was monitored (HRmean), whereas rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate accumulation (BLa) were registered after the race. No significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) between groups were found before HIIT intervention (at pretest). Significant group-by-training interactions were found in vertical jumping ability and athletic performance: the EG improved jumping performance (∼6–9%, p ⩽ 0.05, effect size (ES) > 0.7), swimming performance (p = 0.013, ES = 0.438), and running time (p = 0.001, ES = 0.667) during the competition, whereas the CG remained unchanged (p ≥ 0.05, ES < 0.4). No changes (p ≥ 0.05, ES < 0.4) were observed in RPE, HRmean, and BLa. A linear regression analysis showed that &Dgr;CMJ predicted both the &Dgr;Ru_time (R 2 = 0.559; p = 0.008) and the &Dgr;Overall_time (R 2 = 0.391; p = 0.048). This low-volume, HIIT-based running plan combined with the high training volumes of these triathletes in swimming and cycling improved athletic performance during a sprint-distance triathlon. This improvement may be due to improved neuromuscular characteristics that were transferred into improved muscle power and work economy.
Profiles of resilient survivors of institutional abuse in Ireland

In a group of 247 survivors of institutional abuse in Ireland, 45 cases (18%) did not meet the diagnostic criteria for common DSM IV axis I or II disorders. This resilient group was compared with a poorly adjusted group of 119 participants who met the criteria for 1-3 DSM IV axis I or II diagnoses, and a very poorly adjusted group of 83 participants who had 4 or more disorders. Compared with the very poorly adjusted group, the resilient group was older and of higher socio-economic status; had suffered less sexual and emotional institutional abuse; experienced less traumatization and re-enactment of institutional abuse; had fewer trauma symptoms and life problems; had a higher quality of life and global level of functioning; engaged is less avoidant coping; and more resilient survivors had a secure adult attachment style.
Translational potential of the touchscreen-based methodology to assess cognitive abilities in mice

This thesis work aimed to specify the potential of an innovative methodology latterly adapted in mice from neuropsychological tasks used in Humans. After the optimization of 3 assays (PAL, VMCL, PVD) taxing various cognitive functions in animals, different behavioral studies have gradually revealed: (1) the putative existence of proactive interferences over consecutive learnings in touchscreen tasks; (2) no acquisition deficit in Tg2576 mice (a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s Disease) in these paradigms, whatever the amyloid load considered; (3) the specific involvement of the dorsal striatum during the acquisition of VMCL and PAL tasks and the key role of the hippocampus during the recall of the latter task. As exemplified by the PAL task, our results suggest that despite momentous efforts in order to ensure the translational feature of touchscreen cognitive tasks, certain adaptations inherent to each species deeply influence the nature of underlying neurobiological substrates.
The role of website experience in building attitude and intention towards online shopping

Since technology has become an inseparable part of consumers’ lives, understanding acceptance and use of technology at individual consumer level has become a must for marketing theory and practice. To explain consumers’ acceptance of a new technology, the present study uses the uniﬁed theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as the theoretical foundation. It then proposes extending UTAUT through incorporating a hedonic dimension, which should be an important predictor in explaining technology acceptancy in a consumer context such as on-line shopping, especially where experiential products—like apparel—are involved. The proposed hedonic dimension is perceived playfulness, which itself has two first-order latent antecedents; vividness and embodied cognition. Vividness —visual in this case—is related to the vividness of the shopping environment as represented on-line and to what extent its visual cues stimulate consumers to form strong (as opposed to weak) mental images of the product that they seek to buy. Embodied cognition represents the relationship between the pre-existing knowledge that is saved in mind and body. The present study also reintroduces attitude to the model as an important construct in predicting purchase intention. To test the proposed model’s ability to explain technology acceptance in different cultural contexts, the model is empirically tested via an experiment and a survey in a western country—the UK—and a non-western country—The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (HKJ). Two hundred and twenty two questionnaires are collected from the UK and 258 questionnaires are collected from the HKJ. Findings suggest that the incorporated hedonic dimension is as important as the utilitarian dimension in explaining technology acceptance in consumer context in both western and non-western countries. A positive relationship between perceived playfulness and purchase intention is found. However, attitude is partially mediating the relationship between perceived playfulness and purchase intention. Social influence is also found to be a predictor of attitude in the HKJ, but not in the UK. Theoretical and practical contributions of these findings are exhibited and roots of future research are proposed.
Weeding Out or Developing Capacity? Challenges for Aboriginal Teacher Education

Teacher education is critical to the development of Aboriginal teachers able to ensure success among Aboriginal learners and contribute to the preservation and renewal of Aboriginal communities. In a series of talking circles, six beginning Aboriginal teachers discussed their teacher preparation and their first years of practice. They expressed concerns about teacher training programs that they regarded as assimilationist and a need for teacher education that helps Aboriginal teachers examine their individual and cultural identities in order to become effective teachers. Tribal Critical Race Theory (TribalCrit) is used as a discursive framework for critiquing existing approaches and offering culturally responsive alternatives.
Connecting Transnationalism to the Classroom and to Theories of Immigrant Student Adaptation.

Author(s): Sanchez, Patricia; Kasun, G. Sue | Abstract: This essay describes the importance of transnationalism in the lives of U.S. immigrant students and their families and how public school educators and researchers have neither adequately recognized nor situated this lifestyle. The authors discuss globalization and what propels transnational movement and argue that existing immigrant adaptation research from the fields of sociology and anthropology focuses on immigration processes extensively without making connections to the classroom. The authors maintain that transnationalism remains largely under- theorized in educational research. Drawing on their experiences as researchers and teachers, the authors provide a glimpse into the lives of these ‘overlooked’ transnational students through a series of vignettes. The essay concludes by addressing the teaching and learning implications of working with transnational students.
Thoracic Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Fixed Sagittal Spinal Deformity

Study Design. A retrospective clinical study. Objective. To find the corrective capacity of a thoracic pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), determine if segmental correction is dependent on level, and to compute the impact of thoracic PSO on regional and global spinal balance. Summary of Background Data. PSO is a technique popularized in the lumbar spine primarily for the correction of fixed sagittal imbalance. Despite several studies describing the clinical and radiographic outcome of lumbar PSO, there is no study in literature reporting its application in the thoracic spine. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed patients with fixed thoracic kyphosis who underwent thoracic PSOs for sagittal realignment. Segmental pedicle screw instrumentation and intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring was used in all patients. Data acquisition was performed by reviewing medical charts and radiographs to determine sagittal correction (segmental/regional/global) and complications. Clinical outcome using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) instrument was determined by interview. Results. A total of 25 thoracic PSOs were performed (mean: 1.7 PSOs/patient, range: 1–3) in 15 patients (9 M/6 F). The study population had an average age of 56 years (range, 36–81 years) and was followed up after surgery for a mean of 3.5 years (range, 24–75 months). The osteotomies were carried out in the proximal thoracic spine (T2–T4, n = 6), midthoracic spine (T5–T8, n = 12), and distal thoracic spine (T9–T12, n = 7). Mean correction at the PSO for all 25 levels was 16.3° ± 9.6°. Stratified by region of the spine, thoracic PSO correction was as follows: T2–T4 = 10.7° ± 15.8°, T5–T8 = 14.7° ± 4.6°, and T9–T12 = 23.9° ± 4.1°. Mean thoracic kyphosis (T2–T12 Cobb angle) was improved from 75.7° ± 30.9° to 54.3° ± 21.4° resulting in a significant regional sagittal correction of 21.4° ± 13.7° (P < 0.005). Global sagittal balance was improved from 106.1 ± 56.6 to 38.8 ± 37.0 mm yielding a mean correction of 67.3 ± 54.7 mm (P < 0.005). One patient, in whom there was segmental translation during osteotomy closure, had a decline in intraoperative somatosensory-evoked potentials. No patient sustained a temporary or permanent neurologic deficit after surgery. The mean SRS-22 Questionnaire score at final follow-up was 82.4 ± 10.2. Conclusion. Thoracic PSO can be performed safely. Segmental sagittal correction appears to vary based on the region of the thoracic spine the PSO is performed. The distal thoracic segments, which more closely resemble lumbar segments in morphology, rendered the greatest sagittal correction after PSO, approximately 24°. There was no case of neurologic injury associated with thoracic PSO, and clinical outcomes according to the SRS-22 instrument were generally favorable.
Climate change and the demographic demise of a hoarding bird living on the edge

Population declines along the lower-latitude edge of a species' range may be diagnostic of climate change. We report evidence that climate change has contributed to deteriorating reproductive success in a rapidly declining population of the grey jay (Perisoreus canadensis) at the southern edge of its range. This non-migratory bird of boreal and subalpine forest lives on permanent territories, where it hoards enormous amounts of food for winter and then breeds very early, under still-wintry conditions. We hypothesized that warmer autumns have increased the perishability of hoards and compromised subsequent breeding attempts. Our analysis confirmed that warm autumns, especially when followed by cold late winters, have led to delayed breeding and reduced reproductive success. Our findings uniquely show that weather months before the breeding season impact the timing and success of breeding. Warm autumns apparently represent hostile conditions for this species, because it relies on cold storage. Our study population may be especially vulnerable, because it is situated at the southern edge of the range, where the potential for hoard rot is most pronounced. This population's demise may signal a climate-driven range contraction through local extinctions along the trailing edge.
Dopaminergic amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer comprise a single functional retinal mosaic

Many types of retinal neuron are distributed in an orderly manner across the surface of the retina. Indeed, the existence of such regularity amongst a population of neurons, termed a retinal mosaic, may be a defining feature of functionally independent types of retinal neuron. We have examined the spatial distribution of dopaminergic amacrine cells in the ferret retina both in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) to determine whether the cells in each layer form an independent retinal mosaic as evidence of whether they should be considered as two separate types. Ferret retinas contain approximately 1,900 dopaminergic amacrine cells, of which 27% are located in the GCL, and the rest in the INL. Based on analysis of their Voronoi domains as well as autocorrelation analysis and tests for complete spatial randomness, we found that the distribution of INL cells was statistically regular, while that of the GCL cells was not. However, by using cross‐correlation analysis, these two groups of cells were found to be spatially dependent: an exclusion zone was detected in the cross‐correlogram of roughly the same size as that found in the autocorrelograms of both INL and GCL cells. Such a pattern would be expected if dopaminergic amacrine cells in the INL and GCL were members of a single regular population differing only in their somatic depth. By using computer simulations, we tested this hypothesis directly, confirming that a random assignment of 27% from the total population produces cross‐correlograms that are indistinguishable from those of the biological mosaics. We conclude, therefore, that the cells in the two layers form a single functional population; those in the GCL appear to be misplaced. Somatic positioning with respect to depth within the retina is not, by itself, a reliable guide for functional classification. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:343–355, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship Between Pattern Electroretinogram, Frequency-Domain OCT, and Automated Perimetry in Chronic Papilledema From Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome.

PURPOSE We evaluated the ability of transient pattern electroretinogram (PERG) parameters to differentiate between eyes with visual field (VF) loss and resolved papilledema from pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTC) and controls, to compare PERG and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with regard to discrimination ability, and to assess the correlation between PERG, frequency domain OCT (FD-OCT), and VF measurements. METHODS The VFs and full-field stimulation PERGs based on 48 and 14-min checks were obtained from patients with PTC (n = 24, 38 eyes) and controls (n = 26, 34 eyes). In addition, FD-OCT peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and segmented macular layer measurements were obtained and correlation coefficients were determined. RESULTS Compared to controls, PERG N95 and P50+N95 amplitude measurements with 48-minute checks were significantly reduced in eyes with resolved papilledema from PTC. Both PERG N95 amplitude and OCT parameters were able to discriminate papilledema eyes from controls with a similar performance. Significant correlations, ranging from 0.25 (P < 0.05) to 0.43 (P < 0.01) were found between PERG amplitude values and OCT-measured macular ganglion cell layer thickness, RNFL thickness, and total retinal thickness. The PERG amplitude also was significantly associated with VF sensitivity loss with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.24 (P < 0.05) and 0.35 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The PERG measurements were able to detect neural loss in PTC eyes with resolved papilledema and were reasonably well correlated with OCT measurements and VF parameters. Thus, PERG may be a useful tool in the monitoring of retinal neural loss in eyes with active papilledema from PTC.
Prevalence and Characterization of Enterovirus Infections among Pediatric Patients with Hand Foot Mouth Disease, Herpangina and Influenza Like Illness in Thailand, 2012

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina are common infectious diseases caused by several genotypes of human enterovirus species A and frequently occurring in young children. This study was aimed at analyzing enteroviruses from patients with these diseases in Thailand in 2012. Detection and genotype determination of enteroviruses were accomplished by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the VP1 region. Enterovirus-positive samples were differentiated into 17 genotypes (coxsackievirus A4 (CAV4), A5, A6, A8, A9, A10, A12, A16, A21, B1, B2, B4, B5, echovirus 7, 16, 25 and Enterovirus 71). The result showed CAV6 (33.5%), followed by CAV16 (9.4%) and EV71 (8.8%) as the most frequent genotypes in HFMD, CAV8 (19.3%) in herpangina and CAV6 (1.5%) in influenza like illness. Enterovirus infections were most prevalent during July with 34.4% in HFMD, 39.8% in herpangina and 1.6% in ILI. The higher enterovirus infection associated with HFMD and herpangina occurred in infants over one year-old. This represents the first report describing the circulation of multiple enteroviruses in Thailand.