Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adjunct Employment Preference: Who Wants to Be Full-Time Faculty?

ABSTRACT Recent research suggests at least half of community college faculty who are teaching part-time would rather have a full-time appointment (Cashwell, 2009; Kramer, Gloeckner, & Jacoby, 2014). Little is known, however, about what distinguishes those voluntarily teaching part-time from those preferring a full-time faculty position. This inquiry draws from person-job fit theory to investigate adjunct faculty members’ abilities and qualifications, as well as their needs from the job itself (Edwards, 1994). Participants were 1,245 adjunct faculty teaching in 10 community colleges during the spring 2016 term. Two thirds of the participants were at least somewhat interested in becoming full-time faculty at a postsecondary institution, with 47% expressing strong, immediate interest in such a position. An ordered logistic regression model indicated that several dimensions of qualifications, job experiences, and socio-demographics predicted employment preference. Part-time faculty with higher levels of recent teaching experience in the community college setting were more likely to express a strong desire for a full-time position, as were adjuncts who utilized more job-related resources. Those who viewed the recognition and rewards given for adjunct job performance as adequate tended to be content in a part-time role. In terms of demographic characteristics, involuntarily part-time faculty were more likely to indicate economic need and self-identify as African American or Hispanic. The findings illustrate how careful attention to the distinctive backgrounds, experiences, and attitudes of part-time faculty subgroups may help college and university administrators more intentionally design policies and programs to better meet the needs of their increasingly diverse constituents.
Analysis of pervasive multiple-component defects in a large software system

Certain software defects require corrective changes repeatedly in a few components of the system. One type of such defects spans multiple components of the system, and we call such defects pervasive multiple-component defects (PMCDs). In this paper, we describe an empirical study of six releases of a large legacy software system (of approx. size 20 million physical lines of code) to analyze PMCDs with respect to: (1) the complexity of fixing such defects and (2) the persistence of defect-prone components across phases and releases. The overall hypothesis in this study is that PMCDs inflict a greater negative impact than do other defects on defect-correction efficacy. Our findings show that the average number of changes required for fixing PMCDs is 20–30 times as much as the average for all defects. Also, over 80% of PMCD-contained defect-prone components still remain defect-prone in successive phases or releases. These findings support the overall hypothesis strongly. We compare our results, where possible, to those of other researchers and discuss the implications on maintenance processes and tools.
Pauci- and Multibacillary Leprosy: Two Distinct, Genetically Neglected Diseases

After sustained exposure to Mycobacterium leprae, only a subset of exposed individuals develops clinical leprosy. Moreover, leprosy patients show a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that extend from the paucibacillary (PB) to the multibacillary (MB) form of the disease. This “polarization” of leprosy has long been a major focus of investigation for immunologists because of the different immune response in these two forms. But while leprosy per se has been shown to be under tight human genetic control, few epidemiological or genetic studies have focused on leprosy subtypes. Using PubMed, we collected available data in English on the epidemiology of leprosy polarization and the possible role of human genetics in its pathophysiology until September 2015. At the genetic level, we assembled a list of 28 genes from the literature that are associated with leprosy subtypes or implicated in the polarization process. Our bibliographical search revealed that improved study designs are needed to identify genes associated with leprosy polarization. Future investigations should not be restricted to a subanalysis of leprosy per se studies but should instead contrast MB to PB individuals. We show the latter approach to be the most powerful design for the identification of genetic polarization determinants. Finally, we bring to light the important resource represented by the nine-banded armadillo model, a unique animal model for leprosy.
Acquiring Inference Rules with Temporal Constraints by Using Japanese Coordinated Sentences and Noun-Verb Co-occurrences

This paper shows that inference rules with temporal constraints can be acquired by using verb-verb co-occurrences in Japanese coordinated sentences and verb-noun co-occurrences. For example, our unsupervised acquisition method could obtain the inference rule "If someone enforces a law, usually someone enacts the law at the same time as or before the enforcing of the law" since the verbs "enact" and "enforce" frequently co-occurred in coordinated sentences and the verbs also frequently co-occurred with the noun "law". We also show that the accuracy of the acquisition is improved by using the occurrence frequency of a single verb, which we assume indicates how generic the meaning of the verb is.
External Finance, Internal Capital Markets and the Real Economy ∗

We analyze the allocation of capital to investment projects in an equilibrium context when Þrms’ ability to pledge cash sows is limited. We argue that an increase in the supply to the market can improve the allocation of capital because this additional supply drives down the required return to the point where project-owners can attract capital. We study two speciÞc scenarios: external Þnancing of investments, and conglomeration. External Þnance increases the supply of capital because external investors liquidate projects too often. With deconglomeration capital is supplied to the market rather than being distributed internally in the conglomerate. These beneÞts occur even though external Þnance and deconglomeration are always privately inefficient in our model. Also, when we allow for information acquisition, we Þnd a stonger beneÞt of an increase in supply since better ex-post allocation provides incentives for Þrms to obtain information.
Arsenic Activates EGFR Pathway Signaling in the Lung

Arsenic is an established lung carcinogen, however, the carcinogenic mechanisms are currently under investigation. Phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported with arsenic exposure in bladder cells. EGFR is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor that regulates important processes in carcinogenesis, including cell survival, cell cycle progression, tumor invasion, and angiogenesis. We investigated the mechanisms of EGFR pathway activation by levels of arsenic relevant to human exposure scenarios both in vitro using cultured lung epithelial cells, and in lung tumors samples from New England Lung Cancer Study participants. Toenail arsenic levels were used as an internal biomarker of arsenic exposure. Our in vitro data suggest that arsenic increases levels of the EGFR ligand, heparin binding-EGF, and activate EGFR phosphorylation in the lung. Downstream of EGFR, arsenic exposure increased pERK and cyclin D1 levels. These effects were inhibited by treatment of cultured cells with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Tarceva (erlotinib). In a consecutive series of human lung tumor specimens, pEGFR protein levels were higher in subjects with elevated toenail arsenic levels compared to those with low exposure (odds ratio adjusted for other factors, OR 4.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1–15.6) (p = 0.04). These data suggest that arsenic exposure may stimulate EGFR pathway activation in the lung. Moreover, the tumors that arise in arsenic-exposed individuals also exhibit signs of EGFR pathway dysregulation. Further work is needed to assess the clinical utility of targeting the EGFR pathway in subgroups of lung cancer patients who have been exposed to elevated levels of arsenic.
Searching for Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Implications for the Star Formation Efficiency in Neutral Gas at z ∼ 3

Applying the Kennicutt-Schmidt law to damped Lyα absorption systems (DLAs), we predict that 3% of the sky should be covered with extended objects brighter than μV ≈ 28.4 mag arcsec-2, if DLAs at redshift z = [2.5, 3.5] undergo in situ star formation. We test this hypothesis by searching the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) F606W image for low surface brightness features of angular sizes, ranging between θDLA = 0. ″25 (dDLA = 2 kpc) and 4. ″0 (dDLA = 31 kpc). After convolving the F606W image with smoothing kernels of angular diameters θkern = θDLA, we find the number of detected objects to decrease rapidly to zero at θkern > 1′′. Our search yields upper limits on the comoving SFR densities that are between factors of 30 and 100 lower than predictions, suggesting a reduction by more than a factor of 10 in star formation efficiency at z ~ 3. The lower star formation efficiencies may be due to the reduced molecular content of the DLA gas. We also find that the cosmological increase with redshift of the critical surface density for the Toomre instability may be sufficient to suppress star formation to the levels implied by the UDF observations. The upper limits on in situ star formation reduce the predicted metallicities at z ~ 3 to be significantly lower than observed, and reduce the heat input in the gas to be substantially lower than the inferred cooling rates. In contrast, the radiative output from compact Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) with R < 27 is sufficient to balance the comoving cooling rate. Thus, many DLAs may host more compact regions of active star formation, which may chemically enrich these DLAs. Such regions are likely to be LBGs.
Cardiorespiratory fitness through the early lifecourse and attempts to modulate its initial decline

To better understand the impact of childhood obesity on intra-abdominal adipose tissue phenotype, a complete transcriptomic analysis using deep RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) was performed on omental adipose tissue (OMAT) obtained from lean and Western diet-induced obese juvenile Ossabaw swine. Obese animals had 88% greater body mass, 49% greater body fat content, and a 60% increase in OMAT adipocyte area (all P < 0.05) compared with lean pigs. RNA-seq revealed a 37% increase in the total transcript number in the OMAT of obese pigs. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed transcripts in obese OMAT were primarily enriched in the following categories: 1) development, 2) cellular function and maintenance, and 3) connective tissue development and function, while transcripts associated with RNA posttranslational modification, lipid metabolism, and small molecule biochemistry were reduced. DAVID and Gene Ontology analyses showed that many of the classically recognized gene pathways associated with adipose tissue dysfunction in obese adults including hypoxia, inflammation, angiogenesis were not altered in OMAT in our model. The current study indicates that obesity in juvenile Ossabaw swine is characterized by increases in overall OMAT transcript number and
Is Macroeconomic Research Robust to Alternative Data Sets?

This paper uses a real-time data set to analyze data revisions and to test the robustness of published econometric results. The data set consists of vintages, or snapshots, of the major macroeconomic data available at quarterly intervals in real time. The paper illustrates why such data may matter, examines the properties of several of the variables in the data set across vintages, and examines key empirical papers in macroeconomics, investigating their robustness to different vintages.
Psychology Research and Behavior Management Dovepress Are There Specific Metacognitive Processes Associated with Anxiety Disorders in Youth?

While Wells' metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) posits that certain metacognitive processes, such as negative meta-worry (negative beliefs about worry), are more strongly associated with symptoms of GAD than other anxiety disorders in adults, research has yet to determine whether the same pattern is true for younger individuals. We examined the relationship between several metacognitive processes and anxiety disorder diagnostic status in a sample of 98 youth aged 7–17 years. Twenty youth with GAD were compared with similarly sized groups of youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 18), social phobia (SOC, n = 20), separation anxiety disorder (SAD, n = 20), and healthy controls who were not patients (NONP, n = 20) using a self-report measure of metacognition adapted for use with young people in this age range (Metacognitions Questionnaire for Children). Contrary to expectations, only one specific metacognitive process was significantly associated with an anxiety disorder diagnosis, in that the controls endorsed a greater degree of cognitive monitoring (self-reported awareness of one's thoughts) than those with SAD. In addition, there was a trend indicating that nonpatients scored higher than youth with GAD on this scale. These surprising results suggest potentially differing patterns in the relationships between symptoms and metacognitive awareness in anxious youth, depending on the type of anxiety disorder presentation.
Anorexia in cancer: role of feeding-regulatory peptides

Anorexia is one of the most common symptoms in advanced cancer and is a frequent cause of discomfort for cancer patients and their families. The pathogenesis of cancer anorexia is multi-factorial and involves most of the hypothalamic neuronal signalling pathways modulating energy homeostasis. It is considered to be the result of a failure of usual appetite and satiety signals. Loss of appetite can arise from decreased taste and smell of food, as well as from dysfunctional hypothalamic signalling pathways and cytokine production. Cytokines in particular, appear to play a key role in energy balance through persistent activation of the melanocortin system and inhibition of the neuropeptide Y pathway. The imbalance between anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides leads to suppression of appetite, and increased satiety and satiation associated with marked weight loss and decline in physical performance. High levels of serotonin also appear to contribute to these effects and recent findings implicate corticotropin-releasing factor in the pathogenesis of cancer anorexia as well. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, few effective therapies are available. A better appreciation of the molecular and neuronal mechanisms that control body weight homeostasis may lead to the development of new therapies for improving the survival and quality of life of these patients.
Tailoring perception and action to the task at hand

Two experiments investigated whether and how task demands affect the way perceptual events and actions are cognitively represented, and how this affects performance. Subjects performed two-dimensional Simon tasks that alternated with, or were embedded into, a logically unrelated “priming task”, in which the relevance of horizontal and vertical dimensions varied frequently. Making the horizontal dimension relevant in the priming task increased the horizontal Simon effect, and making the vertical dimension relevant increased the vertical Simon effect. These findings suggest that stimulus and response representations are not invariant but are tailored to the current task demands. This has implications for models of perception and action planning, stimulus–response compatibility, and executive control.
Gearbox Tooth Cut Fault Diagnostics Using Acoustic Emission and Vibration Sensors — A Comparative Study

In recent years, acoustic emission (AE) sensors and AE-based techniques have been developed and tested for gearbox fault diagnosis. In general, AE-based techniques require much higher sampling rates than vibration analysis-based techniques for gearbox fault diagnosis. Therefore, it is questionable whether an AE-based technique would give a better or at least the same performance as the vibration analysis-based techniques using the same sampling rate. To answer the question, this paper presents a comparative study for gearbox tooth damage level diagnostics using AE and vibration measurements, the first known attempt to compare the gearbox fault diagnostic performance of AE- and vibration analysis-based approaches using the same sampling rate. Partial tooth cut faults are seeded in a gearbox test rig and experimentally tested in a laboratory. Results have shown that the AE-based approach has the potential to differentiate gear tooth damage levels in comparison with the vibration-based approach. While vibration signals are easily affected by mechanical resonance, the AE signals show more stable performance.
Stokes flow singularities in a two-dimensional channel: a novel transform approach with application to microswimming

A transform method for determining the flow generated by the singularities of Stokes flow in a two-dimensional channel is presented. The analysis is based on a general approach to biharmonic boundary value problems in a simply connected polygon formulated by Crowdy & Fokas in this journal. The method differs from a traditional Fourier transform approach in entailing a simultaneous spectral analysis in the independent variables both along and across the channel. As an example application, we find the evolution equations for a circular treadmilling microswimmer in the channel correct to third order in the swimmer radius. Significantly, the new transform method is extendible to the analysis of Stokes flows in more complicated polygonal microchannel geometries.
Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1999). Politeness: Some universals in language usage [Reprint]. In A. Jaworski, & N. Coupland (Eds.), The discourse reader (pp. 321-335). London: Routledge. This article is a reprint of chapter 1, the introduction to Brown and Levinson, 1987, Politeness: Some universals in language usage (Cambridge University Press). Politeness: Some universals in language usage [Reprint] — Max. http://www.mpi. nl/publications/escidoc-66513/? searchterm=pol.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING(PBL) PADA MATERI MINYAK BUMI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 BAITUSSALAM ACEH BESAR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2012/2013

ABSTRAK Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL), Minyak Bumi, Hasil Belajar Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Materi Minyak Bumi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia Siswa Kelas X di SMAN 1 Baitussalam Aceh Besar Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar, aktivitas belajar, dan tanggapan siswa dalam pembelajaran kimia melalui penerapan model pembelajaran PBL. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X1 yang diambil secara acak yang terdiri dari 9 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui hasil tes dalam bentuk essay, observasi aktivitas siswa, dan angket tanggapan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa tuntas secara klasikal melalui penerapan model pembelajaran PBL dengan persentase ketuntasan 86,38%. Rata-rata persentase aktivitas siswa saat pembelajaran berlangsung dengan penerapan model PBL pada pertemuan pertama dan pertemuan kedua sebesar 89,75% dan 90,50% dengan kategori baik. Siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung dengan penerapan model PBL sebesar 96,63%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa tuntas secara klasikal melalui penerapan model pembelajaran PBL pada materi minyak bumi, dengan aktivitas dan respon siswa yang dikategorikan baik dan sangat baik.
THE (SIGNLESS) LAPLACIAN SPECTRAL RADII OF C-CYCLIC GRAPHS WITH N VERTICES AND K PENDANT VERTICES

A connected graph is called a c-cyclic graph if it contains n vertices and n + c 1 edges. Let C(n,k,c) denote the class of connected c-cyclic graphs with n vertices and k pendant vertices. Recently, the unique extremal graph, which has greatest (respectively, signless) Laplacian spectral radius, in C(n,k,c) has been determined for 0 � c � 3, k � 1 and n � 2c + k + 1. In this paper, the unique graph with greatest (respectively, signless) Laplacian spectral radius in C(n,k,c) is determined for c � 0, k � 1 and n � 2c + k + 1.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A GENERAL THEORY OF INDUCTIVE INFERENCE

Some preliminary work is presented on a very general new theory of inductive inference. The extrapolation of an ordered sequence of symbols is implemented by computing the a priori probabilities of various sequences of symbols. The a priori probability of a sequence is obtained by considering a universal Turing machine whose output is the sequence in question. An approximation to the a priori probability is given by the shortest input to the machine that will give the desired output. A more exact formulation is given, and it is made somewhat plausible that extrapolation probabilities obtained will be largely independent of just which universal Turing machine was used, providing that the sequence to be extrapolated has an adequate amount of information in it. Some examples are worked out to show the application of the method to specific problems. Applications of the method to curve fitting and other continuous problems are discussed to some extent. Some alternative theories of inductive inference are presented whose validities appear to be corollaries of the validity of the first method described.
Edutainment: is learning at risk?

Since the early 1990s interest has surged in developing edutainment software, namely applications that possess the allure of electronic games while achieving educational goals. In the rush to adopt this new seemingly harmless technological fad, both educators and parents overlooked its long-term harmful effects. The aim of this article is to draw attention to these effects, particularly to the inflated expectation in the learners that the process of learning should always be colourful and fun, and that they can acquire information without work and serious study. It argues that what is essential is realizing that education is concerned with the development of cognitive structures and that educational technology is a medium, not a pedagogy that is useful in creating such learning environments. In this context, it may be time to examine critically the educational potential of edutainment software together with the advantages and disadvantages it might bring to the instructional process. The discussion begins, after a brief definition of edutainment, with an understanding of what technology and education entail. Then the discussion broadens to a critique of problems with edutainment drawing on the findings of educational psychology.