Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perioperative role of methadone in adolescent patients.

gers) or in vivo (using P MRI) need to be developed. ” Regarding item 2: Again, the statement about possible indicators for individuals at risk for nonanesthetic MH was taken from the original context. It is very clear from the whole paragraph and the statements made immediately preceding the statement in question that we are stating our opinion—in accordance with the purpose of an editorial— and drawing our own conclusions from the cases reported by Groom et al. “Alternatively only one RyR1 mutation (i.e., in only 16% of the tetrameric RyR1 complexes, all four RyR1 subunits are impaired) might be sufficient if combined with a second mutation that is associated with a congenital myopathy. Therefore MH susceptible individuals presenting with ophthalmoplegia and muscle hypotonia, hypertrophy, or spasms will be at risk for nonanesthetic MH. ” Therefore, it is evident that we are not citing a large-scale human study but rather identifying ophthalmoplegia, muscle hypotonia, hypertrophy, and spasms as possible indicators of an undetected, underlying myopathy. Regarding item 3: Nowhere in the text do we assign any blame to the parents. We state, “As children have less developed compensation mechanisms for increased body heat and a higher incidence of MH events than adults (1:15,000 vs. 1:100,000), their parents should be particularly careful. ” Obviously, the parents must be more careful with any temperature elevation in children at risk than are parents of unaffected children. A personal or family history of heat intolerance should cause avoidance of hot environments, exhausting physical exertion, high fever, and all drugs that increase heat production and reduce heat dissipation. During an episode, cooling should be started immediately until dantrolene can be infused, as in a typical MH crisis. In the meantime, the recommendations given in our editorial have been supported by authorities in the field. To avoid secondary organ damage, treatment in an intensive care unit is mandatory. The protection offered by various drugs against oxidative muscle damage should be tested as second-line therapy in MH animals, such as the naturally occurring MH-susceptible swine and transgenic mouse. The induction of MH by heat and the protection of MH by hypothermia have been described for these animals.
Bullying in Greek Primary and Secondary Schools

The problem of school bullying among Greek primary and secondary school children was investigated by using a translated version of the Olweus Questionnaire with a total of 1,758 students, mainly aged 10—14, from 20 schools in the greater Thessaloniki area. Overall, 8.2 percent of all students were victims, 5.8 percent were bullies and 1.1 percent were bully/victims. In line with earlier findings, more boys were identified as bullies, whereas no sex differences emerged for rates of victimization. Separate results for primary school pupils revealed that boys and girls were equally self-identified as bullies. Younger students were more at risk of being bullied. The most common type of bullying was `general name-calling'. Significant sex differences in types of victimization emerged only for physical bullying, which was more common in boys, and for spreading malicious rumours, which was more common in girls. Survey results were similar to those of other countries with regard to class and gender of the bully and location of bullying. Surprisingly, almost 25 percent of victims reported being victimized in the gym class.
Quantifying Skill in Games—Theory and Empirical Evidence for Poker

In most countries, the regulation of gaming is based on whether the predominance for the outcome of the game lies in skill or chance. As poker has become extremely popular in recent years, a heated discussion has evolved about the amount of skill involved in poker. Recent contributions to this question fail to convince, mostly because they do not imitate reality sufficiently. In one of the major works in this field Cabot & Hannum simulated poker games for various player profiles and interpreted the differences in the results as skill. But they only distinguish between skilled and unskilled players without defining these profiles or covering nuances in skill differences. In probably their most influential paper Dreef et al. made the important point that skill in poker is always relative - relative to the skill of other players and to the magnitude of the chance elements. Using these two works as a base point for this paper we derive the critical repetition frequency (CRF) of games. The CRF is defined as the threshold between a game that is predominantly influenced by chance or skill and is valid for all games. In the second part, we compute the CRF for poker with data from an empirical survey of 51,761 poker players and conclude that poker is a game of skill - but only for this sample. However, we also use the CRF to point out the shortcomings of the predominance test and question the current gaming-regulation based on the classification of a skill or a chance game.
Lay Expectations of Mental Disorder: A Test of the Folk Psychiatry Model

A new theoretical account of laypeople's explanations of mental disorders-the folk psychiatry model-was tested in a study of 71 undergraduates. The study examined whether the explanatory modes that participants used to account for specific disorders conformed to the model's predictions, and whether these modes predicted individual differences in stigmatizing. Participants gave free explanations for 3 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) mental disorders, a medical disease, and a form of social deviance, and rated these conditions on attributional and social distance measures. The extent to which participants provided cause-, reason-, and causal-history-based explanations (Malle, 1999) for the 5 conditions was coded. Different explanatory modes were employed for different conditions consistent with the folk psychiatry model's predictions, and these modes predicted stigmatizing independently of the attributional dimensions. The model appears to represent a promising new approach to lay thinking about mental disorder.
The Attrition of Hospice Volunteers

This article reviews findings regarding the attrition of hospice volunteers. Ways to improve retention relating to several aspects of the volunteer administrator's job are suggested: selection of volunteers, training, overseeing the transition from training to actual volunteering, structuring communication between volunteers and paid staff, and supervising and supporting volunteers in their work with patients and families. Suggestions for further research are presented.
FOSL2 Positively Regulates TGF-β1 Signalling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Fos-related antigen 2 (FRA-2/FOSL2) belongs to the AP-1 transcription factor family. Although FOSL2 has been shown to be involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes, very little is known about the signalling pathways that regulate FOSL2 expression and the mechanisms of FOSL2 function. Here, we show that FOSL2 expression is regulated by TGF-β1 and that FOSL2 is required for TGF-β1-induced migration. We demonstrate that FOSL2 interacts with Smad3 in vitro and in vivo and thus up-regulates TGF-β1-induced signalling responses. Mechanistically, FOSL2 promotes P300 binding to Smad3 and the acetylation of Smad3 by P300. Furthermore, we show that the expression of FOSL2 correlates with activated Smad3 expression in clinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. In summary, the present study indicates that FOSL2 facilitates TGF-β1-induced migration by interaction with Smad3 in NSCLC and suggests FOSL2 as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
The Church and Politics in Chile: Challenges to Modern Catholicism

Clarifying the growing role of the Latin American Catholic Church as an agent of social change, Brian H. Smith discusses the prophetic function of the Chilean Church during the country's metamorphosis from Conservative to Christian Democratic to Marxist to repressive military regime.Originally published in 1982.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs1801516 in Ataxia Telangiectasia-Mutated Gene Predicts Late Fibrosis in Cancer Patients After Radiotherapy

AbstractStudies on associations between ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) polymorphisms and late radiotherapy-induced adverse events vary in clinical settings, and the results are inconsistent.We conducted the first meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to investigate the role of the ATM polymorphism rs1801516 in the development of radiotherapy-induced late fibrosis.We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to identify studies that investigated the effect of the ATM polymorphism rs1801516 on radiotherapy-induced late fibrosis before September 8, 2015. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between late fibrosis and the rs1801516 polymorphism. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence of clinical features on the genetic association. Tests of interaction were used to compare differences in the effect estimates between subgroups.The overall meta-analysis of 2000 patients from 9 studies showed that the minor allele of the rs1801516 polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing late fibrosis (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.94), with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 66.6%, P = 0.002). In subgroup analyses, we identified that the incidence of late fibrosis was a major source of heterogeneity across studies. The OR for patients with a high incidence of late fibrosis was 3.19 (95% CI: 1.86, 5.47), in contrast to 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) for those with a low incidence. There was a significant difference in the effect estimates between the 2 subgroups (ratio of OR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.70, 5.08, P = 0.031). This meta-analysis supported previously reported effect of the ATM polymorphism rs1801516 on radiotherapy-induced late fibrosis. This finding encouraged further researches to identify more genetic polymorphisms that were predictive for radiotherapy-induced adverse events. In addition, we showed that the inconsistency of the associations seen in these studies might be related to variations in the incidence of late fibrosis in the patients. This suggested that future studies should consider the incidence of radiotherapy-induced adverse events when investigating radiosensitivity signature genes.
Couple complementarity and similarity: A review of the literature

Abstract This review examines couple complementarity and similarity, and their relationship to dyadic adjustment, from three perspectives: social/psychological research, clinical populations research, and the observations of family therapists. Methodological criticisms are discussed suggesting that the evidence for a relationship between similarity and attraction/satisfaction has been erroneously overstated. The views of family theorists emphasizing the role of complementary structures in dyads are presented, as well as a model of “failed” complementarity as a source of marital dissatisfaction. The few clinical studies available indicate that similarity is associated with marital success and is less associated with marital instability and divorce. Evidence suggests that dissimilarity per se is associated with instability and divorce. Within troubled dyads, there is some implication of a mechanism of stability-maintaining complementarity, as well as spousal differences in level of general emotionalism. Cli.
Construct validity of the SIDP‐IV in an opioid‐dependent patient sample

Aims: Studies on opioid‐dependent patients, report high comorbidity with personality pathology. Since psychiatric comorbidity is related to poorer treatment outcome and drop‐out in opioid‐dependent patients, in this study, the underlying structure of the DSM‐IV personality disorders in an opioid‐dependent patient sample (n = 263), assessed by the structured interview for DSM‐IV Personality, was explored in order to contribute to the construct validity of this instrument. Design: Explorative factor analysis yielded a three‐factor solution, largely resembling the DSM‐IV cluster model. Findings: The optional disorders, depressive and negativistic personality disorder, did not detract from the presumed model. Confirmatory factor analysis did not confirm a good fit of the model to the data, which is due to the paranoid personality disorder (PD) which groups with cluster B PDs. Conclusions: Overall, the underlying structure of DSM‐IV PDs resembles the presumed DSM‐IV cluster model, thereby suggesting good construct validity of the SIDP‐IV in opioid‐dependent patients.
Personality, Gender, Age and Logical Overlap in Multi-Source Ratings

Variations in conceptual alignment between predictors and criteria have previously been studied in respect of criterion-related validity, but not in settings of multi-source rating. The differential conceptual alignment perspective was applied here to account for gender and age differences in the rating of behaviour. Personality traits of sales staff were found to predict logically overlapping customer-contact behaviours, rated either by themselves or by their supervisor. Personality traits were also associated with employees' greater over-rating of a behaviour relative to supervisors' judgements when personality-behaviour logical overlap was stronger. Significant differences in some work behaviours were observed between men and women and between older and younger employees, and those behavioural differences were accompanied by gender or age differences in personality traits that overlapped logically with the behaviour in question. Gender or age differences in ratings of specific behaviours are thus a reflection of gender or age differences in logically associated personality features.
Irradiation History of Itokawa Regolith Material Deduced from Noble Gases in the Hayabusa Samples

Laboratory analysis of samples returned from an asteroid establishes a direct link between asteroids and meteorites and provides clues to the complex history of the asteroid and its surface. Noble gas isotopes were measured in three rocky grains from asteroid Itokawa to elucidate a history of irradiation from cosmic rays and solar wind on its surface. Large amounts of solar helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) trapped in various depths in the grains were observed, which can be explained by multiple implantations of solar wind particles into the grains, combined with preferential He loss caused by frictional wear of space-weathered rims on the grains. Short residence time of less than 8 million years was implied for the grains by an estimate on cosmic-ray–produced 21Ne. Our results suggest that Itokawa is continuously losing its surface materials into space at a rate of tens of centimeters per million years. The lifetime of Itokawa should be much shorter than the age of our solar system.
Team Learning and Metacognition: A Neglected Area of HRD Research and Practice

The problem and the solution. An important and somewhat neglected level of analysis in human resource development research and practice is learning and development that occurs within a team. Increasingly, teams are required to make important decisions in organizations. Employees must learn to be team members and to function not merely as a collective of individuals, but rather as a cohesive team that learns to learn. A key component of team learning concerns metacognitive processes. Although metacognition has been established as an important aspect of individual level learning, there is a paucity of research exploring how metacognition can impact learning at a team and collective level. We propose a conceptual model of team learning and metacognition and discuss the implications for research and practice.
Women, fire, and dangerous things : what categories reveal about the mind

"Its publication should be a major event for cognitive linguistics and should pose a major challenge for cognitive science. In addition, it should have repercussions in a variety of disciplines, ranging from anthropology and psychology to epistemology and the philosophy of science. Lakoff asks: What do categories of language and thought reveal about the human mind? Offering both general theory and minute details, Lakoff shows that categories reveal a great deal. " David E. Leary, "American Scientist""
Targeted drug delivery to mammalian mitochondria in living cells

Mitochondrial dysfunction causes or contributes to a large number of human disorders including neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, ischaemia–reperfusion injury and cancer. Increasing efforts are being made towards mitochondria-directed pharmacological intervention, leading to the emergence of ‘mitochondrial medicine’ as a new field of biomedical research. The identification of new molecular mitochondrial drug targets in combination with the development of methods for selectively delivering biologically active molecules to the site of mitochondria will eventually launch new therapies for the treatment of mitochondria-related diseases, based either on the selective protection, repair or eradication of cells. This review discusses the need for the development of mitochondria-specific drug and DNA delivery systems, and evaluates the currently employed strategies for mitochondrial drug targeting, including some of their potential therapeutic applications.
Capitalizing on Bourdieu

This article considers Bourdieu’s concepts of ‘social capital’ and ‘social fields’, comparing and contrasting his use of these concepts with that of James Coleman and Robert Putnam. It examines how Bourdieu’s ideas offer a different way of understanding the lives of economically disadvantaged young women designated as ‘at risk’ of leaving school early. A micro-level analysis is made of ‘Bluey’s story’, a narrative derived from data gathered during a three-year research project on young women’s negotiations from the margins of education and work in Australia. Deconstructing Bluey’s narrative reveals how social capital is deployed (sometimes unsuccessfully) in a range of social fields. Such narratives can thus be used to ‘speak back’ to educational policies, to provide alternative insights into the issues and needs of economically disadvantaged young women and to challenge current constructs of ‘at risk’.
Late Precambrian U–Pb titanite age for peak regional metamorphism and deformation (Knoydartian orogeny) in the western Moine, Scotland

There has been controversy over the number and timing of orogenies in the Precambrian Moine block in the Scottish Caledonides since the earliest radiometric dating in the 1960s. This work challenges a recent hypothesis, that this sector of the Laurentian margin was subjected to continuous crustal extension between >900 and 470 Ma. U–Pb dating (thermal ionization mass spectrometry) of titanite from a calc-silicate pod in the Moine (Morar Group) of the western Highlands gives an age of 737 ± 5 Ma. The titanite grew from Fe–Ti-bearing detrital minerals during the main progressive, syn-D2, amphibolite-facies (sillimanite zone) regional metamorphism, thus demonstrating that a Neoproterozoic contractional tectonothermal event (Knoydartian orogeny) affected the Moine block following the rift-related emplacement of the West Highland granite gneiss at 873 Ma. We conclude that the Sgurr Beag Thrust, a major tectonic break separating the Morar and Glenfinnan groups of the Moine, is mainly of Neoproterozoic, not Caledonian, age. The early tectonothermal event was succeeded by the Grampian Phase (Caledonian orogeny) at 460–470 Ma.
Using rhythms of relationships to understand e-mail archives

Due to email’s ubiquitous nature, millions of users are intimate with the technology. However, most users are only familiar with managing their own email, which is an inherently different task than exploring an email archive. Historians and social scientists believe that email archives are important artifacts for understanding the individuals and communities they represent. In order to understand the conversations evidenced in an archive, context is needed. In this paper, we present a new way to gain this necessary context: analyzing the temporal rhythms of social relationships. We provide methods for constructing meaningful rhythms from the email headers by identifying relationships and interpreting their attributes. With these visualization techniques, email archive explorers can uncover insights that may have been otherwise hidden in the archive. We apply our methods to an individual’s fifteen-year email archive, which consists of about 45,000 messages and over 4,000 relationships.
Outside the Box: How Building Relationships Within your Organisation can Help Develop Your Information Service

The modern Library or Information Service (IS) cannot, and should not, operate in isolation from the strategic planning of its wider organisation. Most IS units already tie their aims and objectives to the organisation's strategic mission, but how can the IS move from the confines of its traditional role to have greater influence and responsibility within the wider organisation? How can building relationships with key individuals/departments strengthen the overall role of the IS?
Emotional understanding in Quechua children from an agro-pastoralist village

Research on children’s understanding of emotion has rarely focused on children from nonindustrialised countries, who may develop an understanding at different ages as compared to children reared in industrialised countries. Quechua children from an agro-pastoralist village were given an adapted version of the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) to assess their understanding of nine aspects of emotions. Older children performed better on the entire TEC than younger children. Eight- to 11-year-olds were more accurate in identifying emotions connected to individual desires and to a moral misdemeanour than were 4- to 7-year-olds. In addition, there was a trend for 8- to 11-year-olds to understand external causes of emotions better than 4- to 7-year-olds. Compared to British children, the Quechua children were less accurate overall. However, similar to the British children, certain aspects of emotion (e.g., recognition) were understood at younger ages than others (e.g., regulation), suggesting similar patterns in the sequence of emotional understanding despite the radical difference in cultural context. In contrast to children from industrialised settings, children from this Quechua village have little access to formal education. Moreover, Quechua children have fewer opportunities to engage in discussions about emotions with adults, which may also contribute to how well they performed on the TEC. Suggestions for improving the TEC and including a more naturalistic testing situation are made.