Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase 2 and Prostaglandin E2 are not Involved in N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Initiated Early Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with nimesulide or eugenol on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-initiated early hepatocarcinogenesis in F344 male rats. Both compounds did not alter the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1, the enzyme that plays a major role in the activation of DEN to genotoxic products; however, nimesulide induced the expression of CYP1A1. Western blot analysis revealed that COX-1 and COX-2 protein expressions were not modulated by DEN compared with normal controls. Furthermore, post-initiation feeding with nimesulide or eugenol did not modulate COX-2 protein expression in normal or DEN-treated rats, whereas eugenol significantly increased the liver prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels of DEN-injected animals compared with the DEN controls. Ultimately, nimesulide or eugenol did not modify DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis as evidenced by insignificant changes in the number and size of preneoplastic placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive liver foci compared with the DEN controls. These results suggest that COX-2, as well as prostaglandin E2, may play no role in the post-initiation development of DEN-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis at an early stage.
Aqueous Extract of Solanum nigrum Leaf Activates Autophagic Cell Death and Enhances Docetaxel-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Endometrial Carcinoma Cells

Chemotherapy is the main approach in dealing with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. An effective complementary ingredient can be helpful in improving the clinical outcome. Aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaf (AE-SN) is a principal ingredient for treating cancer patients in traditional Chinese medicinal practice but lacks sufficient evidence to verify its tumor suppression efficacy. This study evaluated the antitumor effects of AE-SN and also assessed the synergistic effects of AE-SN with docetaxel On the human endometrial cancer cell lines, HEC1A, HEC1B, and KLE. The activation of apoptotic markers, caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and autophagic marker, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 A/B, wAS determined to clarify the cell death pathways responsible for AE-SN induced tumor cell death. Results indicated that AE-SN-treatment has significant cytotoxicity on the tested endometrial cancer cells with accumulation of LC3 A/B II and demonstrated a synergistic effect of AE-SN and docetaxel in HEC1A and HEC1B cells, but not KLE cells. In conclusion, AE-SN treatment was effective in suppressing endometrial cancer cells via the autophagic pathway and was also capable of enhancing the cytotoxicity of docetaxel in human endometrial cancer cells. Our results provide meaningful evidence for integrative cancer therapy in the future.
Optimal QoS tradeoff and power control in CDMA systems

Dynamic power control and scheduling strategies provide efficient mechanisms for improving performance of wireless communications networks. A common objective is to maximize throughput performance of a network or to minimize the total transmission power while satisfying quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the users. The achievement of these objectives requires the development of medium access control (MAC) strategies that optimally utilize scarce resources in wireless networks. When developing such strategies, a good understanding of the structure of the feasibility region is essential. The feasibility region is defined as a set of all QoS requirements that can he supported by a network with all users active concurrently. Thus, the structure of this set shows when (if at all) scheduling strategies can improve network performance. In particular, if the feasibility region is a convex set, then concurrent transmission strategies are optimal and the optimal power allocation can be obtained efficiently via a convex optimization. Other important problems are how the total transmission power depends on QoS requirements and what the optimal QoS tradeoff is. In this paper, we address all these problems and solve them completely in some important cases. The purpose of this paper is to explore the interrelationship between QoS requirements and physical quantities such as transmission power. Although the results are obtained in the context of a power-controlled CDMA system, they also apply to some other communications systems. A key assumption is that there is a monotonous relationship between a QoS parameter of interest (such as data rate) and the signal-to-interference ratio at the output of a linear receiver.
Statistical Model for Forecasting Monthly Large Wildfire Events in Western United States

Abstract The ability to forecast the number and location of large wildfire events (with specified confidence bounds) is important to fire managers attempting to allocate and distribute suppression efforts during severe fire seasons. This paper describes the development of a statistical model for assessing the forecasting skills of fire-danger predictors and producing 1-month-ahead wildfire-danger probabilities in the western United States. The method is based on logistic regression techniques with spline functions to accommodate nonlinear relationships between fire-danger predictors and probability of large fire events. Estimates were based on 25 yr of historic fire occurrence data (1980–2004). The model using the predictors monthly average temperature, and lagged Palmer drought severity index demonstrated significant improvement in forecasting skill over historic frequencies (persistence forecasts) of large fire events. The statistical models were particularly amenable to model evaluation and production .
A "DIRECT-COLORING" THIOCHOLINE METHOD FOR CHOLINESTERASES

219 Ins thue exheussivelv ussed Koelle ;onsd Fniederuwald histociueuusbcal nuetisod Ion cisolinsestersose, amid its several ns(odificat ions (see Pearse, Histocheun istry, 2moded., p. 478, Little, Brown & Co., Bostons, 1960), thse tiuiociso)biose ester used as substrate is hydroiysed by cholimsestenosse, oond the liberated hhiocisohinue is captured h)\ Cu icns, pnecipitatirug sos colorless copper thiocisolbuse. The latter is convented to broot-nisis CuS by treatiuseust ot-iths yellow aissosuonununsu sulfide. Voonious steps irs thse nusethod hsovebee-mu criticized (Ion discussion see Pearse, ibid.). Lsorge useedle-like (‘rystals (occur l)articUbsonly sot sites oof isigh activity, at higher pH levels, oomsd wihis cvenlcomsg incusbatioru. Under somuse cmcuuuushsonuces, the crystals coons soppanently increase ins sizeby nsonu -euszvussat besoccnetions . (Mabnsgren sonod Syivo mu, J. Histocheun., 3: 441, 1955). Tise so(lvsonstages ccl thie presemutly described nssethsood sore: colour is prooduced directly at the site of eoozyusuatic activity, facilitating estinsation of h.hue ooptinuuius imscusi)soti000s tinse; the l)necipitate is finselv grssusuulan, so) lhooot, eveos witis prolonged incusbosoh booms, needle-like deposits are not ob)served; instemuse cnol(on sond contnsost coon conseqtiently be l)rodltlce-ib, somuch sites 0)1 low activity ussoone easily detected. TIse bsosis ol hbue issethod is that hisiochcdimseis l)elieved Its recluse-c ferricysonside to lerrocyoonide prefenenstisolly. The lootter coomiuhimues with Cu#{176} iomus to lonuss the iossolusb)le copper femnocyoonide (Hsotcheht’s l3rcowns). Tise Cti ions in the ussedium sore cocosuplexetl wit Is cit nsote too prevent fonisuation oof copper fennicysonside. Fcon best restults I huenose-I hucod is penlconsused as fooiioows: boloocks cof tissue sore fixed overmuiglut in coold 10#{176} Ionossooiims coomsh.ooirsbrsg 1% CaCI2 aoud are tbue-ms kept ins 0.88 11 sucrose-1’ guns arabic (Holt et al., .1. Biophys. Biocheno. (‘ytol., 7, 383, 1960). TIne blocks are wasised for five nusinutes in distilled ot-sote-r, blotted dry, sonuch sore quick-frozen in iso-
New cases of accessory and cavitated uterine masses (ACUM): a significant cause of severe dysmenorrhea and recurrent pelvic pain in young women.

BACKGROUND To raise awareness about the accessory and cavitated uterine masses (ACUM) with functional endometrium as a different entity from adult adenomyosis and to highlight the importance of a correct diagnosis, we studied four new cases of ACUM and 15 cases reported as juvenile cystic adenomyoma (JCA) by reviewing the literature from the last year. This entity is problematic because of a broad differential diagnosis, including rudimentary and cavitated uterine horns; and is generally underdiagnosed, being more frequent than previously thought. METHODS We report four cases of young women who underwent surgery in our hospital from January to July 2011 after presenting with an ACUM. We also reviewed and tabulated the cases from literature beginning in 2010. Main outcome measures were diagnostic tools, surgical and histopathological findings and improvement of symptoms. RESULTS The addition of the four cases reported here to the 15 published as JCA raises the total number of cases of ACUMs to 19, which is more than all of the cases reported prior to 2010. In our cases, it is interesting to highlight that one of them also had an adjacent accessory rudimentary tube and another had two ACUMs at the same location. All patients suffered from severe dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain and were young women. Suspicion, transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance image were found to be the best diagnostic tools. Most of the cases were treated by laparoscopic tumorectomy. CONCLUSIONS ACUMs are generally underdiagnosed and often reported as JCAs but they are not adenomyosis. Early surgical treatment involving the laparoscopic or laparotomic removal of the mass could prevent the usual prolonged suffering of these young women. In our opinion, this entity is a new variety of Müllerian anomaly.
The Determinants and Value Relevance of the Choice of Accounting for Research and Development Expenditures in the United Kingdom

This paper investigates the determinants and value relevance implications of the accounting method choice for development expenditures for firms with research and development (R&D) programs in the United Kingdom (UK). Using a sample of 3,229 UK firm-year observations over the period 1996-2004, I find that the decision to expense versus capitalize development expenditures is influenced by earnings variability, earnings sign, firm size, R&D intensity, leverage, steady-state status of the firm's R&D program, and R&D program success. Additional results indicate that there is little difference in value relevance between reported and adjusted numbers for both the Expensers and the Capitalizers. The evidence in this paper suggests that managers choose the 'correct' method for accounting for R&D in order to best communicate the private information which they hold. Copyright 2007 The Author Journal compilation (c) 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry

Bi- to tetravalent glycoclusters: synthesis, structure-activity profiles as lectin inhibitors and impact of combining both valency and headgroup tailoring on selectivity. The emerging functional versatility of cellular glycans makes research on the design of synthetic inhibitors a timely topic. In detail, the combination of ligand (or headgroup or contact site) structure with spatial parameters that depend on topological and geometrical factors underlies the physiological selectivity of glycan-protein (lectin) recognition. We herein tested a panel of bi-, tri- and tetravalent compounds against two plant agglutinins and adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins (galectins). In addition, we examined the impact of headgroup tailoring (converting lactose to 2 ′ -fucosyllactose) in combination with valency increase in two assay types of increasing biorelevance (from solid-phase binding to cell binding). Compounds were prepared using copper-catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition from peracetylated lactosyl or 2 ′ -fucosyllactosyl azides. Signi ﬁ cant inhibition was achieved for the plant toxin with a tetravalent compound. Different levels of sensitivity were noted for the three groups of the galectin family. The headgroup extension to 2 ′ -fucosyllactose led to a selectivity gain, especially for the chimera-type galectin-3. Valency increase established discrimination against the homodimeric proteins, whereas the combination of valency with the headgroup extension led to discrimination against the tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 for chicken galectins but not human galectins-3 and -4. Thus, detailed structure – activity pro ﬁ ling of glycoclusters combined with suitably modifying the contact site for the targeted lectin will help minimize cross-reactivity among this class of closely related proteins.
Approximate Discovery of Functional Dependencies for Large Datasets

Functional dependencies (FDs) are an important prerequisite for various data management tasks, such as schema normalization, query optimization, and data cleansing. However, automatic FD discovery entails an exponentially growing search and solution space, so that even today's fastest FD discovery algorithms are limited to small datasets only, due to long runtimes and high memory consumptions. To overcome this situation, we propose an approximate discovery strategy that sacrifices possibly little result correctness in return for large performance improvements. In particular, we introduce AID-FD, an algorithm that approximately discovers FDs within runtimes up to orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art FD discovery algorithms. We evaluate and compare our performance results with a focus on scalability in runtime and memory, and with measures for completeness, correctness, and minimality.
Reirradiation and Concomitant Metronomic Temozolomide: An Efficient Combination for Local Control in Medulloblastoma Disease?

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor and a rare adulthood tumor. Twenty percent to 30% of patients relapses and displays a poor prognosis. The management of recurrent disease represents a medical challenge as salvage therapy with high-dose chemotherapy is disappointing. We report a pilot study of reirradiation and concomitant metronomic temozolomide of MB focal recurrence. Five patients from 10 to 27 years old at time of first diagnosis were treated initially with upfront radiation therapy at full dose. They relapsed focally and progressed under chemotherapy with a time recurrence ranged from 2 to 15 years after initial diagnosis. Patients were then treated with 3-dimensional conformal reirradiation focused on the relapsed disease with a median dose of 28 Gy (1.8 Gy per fraction) and concomitant temozolomide (75 mg/m2/d) alone or as part of a multidrug metronomic regimen. Five complete responses were obtained at the end of metronomic radiochemotherapy. The median follow-up was 28 months. At last follow-up, 3 patients progressed outside radiation field under maintenance chemotherapy, and 1 is free of disease. Only 1 patient relapsed in the reirradiation field. No neurological toxicity was observed. These results indicate a possible radiosensitizing effect of concomitant metronomic temozolomide with radiation therapy. This association could play a role in the management of high-risk MB patient with oligometastasis disease to increase local control.
Multicenter Study To Evaluate Bloodstream Infection by Helicobacter cinaedi in Japan

ABSTRACT Helicobacter cinaedi has being recognized as an important human pathogen which causes bloodstream infections. Although the first case of bacteremia with this pathogen in Japan was reported in 2003, the true prevalence of H. cinaedi as a pathogen of bloodstream infections in this country is not yet known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the incidence of bacteremia with H. cinaedi in Japan. We conducted a prospective, multicenter analysis in 13 hospitals during 6 months in Tokyo, Japan. Among positive blood cultures from 1 October 2003 to 31 March 2004, isolates suspected of being Helicobacter species were studied for further microbial identification. Identification of the organisms was based on their biochemical traits and the results of molecular analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. A total of 16,743 blood culture samples were obtained during the study period, and 2,718 samples (17.7%) yielded positive culture results for coagulase-negative staphylococci. Among nine isolates suspected to be Helicobacter species, six isolates were finally identified as H. cinaedi. The positivity rate for H. cinaedi in blood culture was 0.06% of total blood samples and 0.22% of blood samples with any positive culture results. All patients with bacteremia with H. cinaedi were found to have no human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but many of them had complications with either malignancy, renal failure, or a history of surgical operation. Therefore, our results suggest that bacteremia with H. cinaedi is rare but can occur in compromised hosts other than those with HIV infection in Japan.
Effects of shoe drop on running mechanics in women

During the last decade, there has been an increasing enthusiasm in minimalist shoe trend. Consequently, many running shoes companies have promoted a lower drop of their shoes that could cause biomechanical running pattern transition toward a forefoot strike pattern. To date, several cross-sectional (Horvais and Samozino 2013; Chambon et al. 2015) and longitudinal (Malisoux et al. 2016) studies have focused on the combined effect or not of shoe drop and stack height at the heel. These studies showed considerable impacts on running kinematics and kinetics. Chambon et al. (2015) observed a strike pattern closer to forefoot strike at touchdown in the shoe version with 0 mm drop compared to 8 mm drop. Moreover, the shoe drop has recently been associated with injury risk (Malisoux et al. 2016). These authors reported that low-drop shoes were associated with a lower injury risk in occasional runners, while this shoe version was associated with a higher injury risk in regular runners. Most of the previous studies, however, were performed with male participants. Although it could be highlighted gender specificity, no study has compared the effects of shoe drop on running mechanics in female runners so far. Moreover, Kubo et al. (2003) revealed that women have lower stiffness and hysteresis of tendon structures than men. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the shoe drop in female runners on the lower limb kinematics and kinetics.
Controlled Breast Cancer Microarrays for the Deconvolution of Cellular Multilayering and Density Effects upon Drug Responses

Background Increasing evidence shows that the cancer microenvironment affects both tumorigenesis and the response of cancer to drug treatment. Therefore in vitro models that selectively reflect characteristics of the in vivo environment are greatly needed. Current methods allow us to screen the effect of extrinsic parameters such as matrix composition and to model the complex and three-dimensional (3D) cancer environment. However, 3D models that reflect characteristics of the in vivo environment are typically too complex and do not allow the separation of discrete extrinsic parameters. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we used a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel-based microwell array to model breast cancer cell behavior in multilayer cell clusters that allows a rigorous control of the environment. The innovative array fabrication enables different matrix proteins to be integrated into the bottom surface of microwells. Thereby, extrinsic parameters including dimensionality, type of matrix coating and the extent of cell-cell adhesion could be independently studied. Our results suggest that cell to matrix interactions and increased cell-cell adhesion, at high cell density, induce independent effects on the response to Taxol in multilayer breast cancer cell clusters. In addition, comparing the levels of apoptosis and proliferation revealed that drug resistance mediated by cell-cell adhesion can be related to altered cell cycle regulation. Conversely, the matrix-dependent response to Taxol did not correlate with proliferation changes suggesting that cell death inhibition may be responsible for this effect. Conclusions/Significance The application of the PEG hydrogel platform provided novel insight into the independent role of extrinsic parameters controlling drug response. The presented platform may not only become a useful tool for basic research related to the role of the cancer microenvironment but could also serve as a complementary platform for in vitro drug development.
Diacetyl Exposures at Four Microwave Popcorn Plants

Exposure to the butter-flavoring compound diacetyl was assessed in four microwave popcorn manufacturing plants in the United States during multiple surveys from 2005–2007. Personal, breathing zone samples were collected and analyzed using NIOSH Method 2557. Samples were collected at the lapel, outside the powered air-purifying respirator used by any worker entering the slurry room. The data were evaluated for similarity of exposure across job duties and resulted in two exposure groups: (1) Mixers, those who routinely work in the slurry room mixing vegetable oil, salt, and flavorings, and (2) Non-mixers (all other production jobs). From 639 samples collected during surveys, summary estimates of exposures were calculated as the arithmetic mean and median of the data and by the geometric mean of lognormally distributed results. For Mixers, the range of the arithmetic mean exposures across the four plants was 0.057–0.860, and geometric means ranged from 0.029 to 0.231. For Non-mixers, the range of arithmetic mean exposures was 0.014–0.074 ppm, and geometric means ranged from 0.001–0.018. Because of concerns regarding reliability of the method with increasing humidity, mean exposures were also calculated for samples collected when relative humidity was 30% or less. For this restricted set of measurements, geometric statistics always produced higher summary metrics, compared with the full data set; the direction of change using arithmetic statistics was not uniform, being higher at two plants and lower at two plants. Overall, 49.1% of the 639 values were below the limit of detection; in the lower humidity analysis, 25.6% of 246 results were below the limit of detection. At one plant, ventilation changes were made in the slurry room; based on 39 additional samples (not included in the 639 values reported here) collected using the same protocol after the engineering change, exposure decreased from 0.614 to 0.061 ppm. Further work at these facilities to better characterize diacetyl exposure was not possible, as substitution resulted in diacetyl being removed from the product.
Study on Single and Double Hidden Layers of Cascade Artificial Neural Intelligence Neurocomputing Models for Predicting Sensory Quality of Roasted Coffee Flavoured Sterilized Drink

For centuries, coffee has been brewed and consumed in households, hot shops and restaurants. Today flavoured milks have become very popular and they contain nutrients as compared with soft drinks. Sterilized milk is the product made by heating milk to high temperature (121 C) with 15 m holding time so that it remains fit for human consumption for longer time at room temperature. Efficiency of single and double hidden layers of Cascade neurocomputing models for prediction of sensory quality of roasted coffee flavoured sterilized drink were studied. Colour and appearance, viscosity, flavour and sediment were taken as input parameters, while overall acceptability was used as output parameter. The results of cascade neurocomputing models were calculated with two types of prediction performance measures, viz., root mean square error and coefficient of determination R.The study revealed that more the number of neurons in single hidden layer, less the error for cascade neurocomputing models ( RMSE:0.00011; R : 0.999999; neurons:50). General Terms Artificial Neural Network, MATLAB, Soft Computing