Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The new managerial generation in Latvia: The nature and role of values

A s the twenty-first century begins, values play increasingly important roles in economic organizations in the West. They are part of the visionary formulations of corporate goals and character, and are at the core of company policy statements. When widely shared by employees, values reflect broad acceptance of organizational missions and obligations. Confusion of values can substantially reduce the ability of a business to adjust to change and can delay appropriate responses to new economic opportunities and social demands. At the very worst, an absence of constructive values represents an organization or entire society stuck in stagnation and missed opportunities. In the transition in Latvia, ongoing changes in work values and institutions reflect complementary and conflicting forces. Some of them advance the country's transition, and others slow it down. Original Latvian and other Nordic values compete with a changing balance of western and Russian influences, and a slow demontage of Soviet institutions. We agree with Landes (I 998) that "culture matters" in such a transition. Landes gives us two most appropriate illustrations that show the nature of problems and opportunities faced by Latvian society. He stresses that recovery in Germany after World War II was built on work, education and determination. In contrast, sluggish development in Russia has been historically marked by a passive dependency and a lack of effective incentives. Berger (1991) relates rapid development to entrepreneurs at work under favourable cultural circumstances. These are conditions that are not cultivated in Latvia. Moreover, Latvia is increasingly exposed to other, international forces. According to Drucker (1999), economic globalization is expanding just as many of the world's political and ethnic groups are more divided. Drucker believes that businesses should respond not with more mergers, but with alliances that are flexible enough to survive both globalization and fragmentation. To us, such developments suggest not a need for a unified worldview, but rather an environment that encourages mutual trust and cooperation in pursuit of various goals. This environment tolerates different, economically effective, pragmatic organizations as long as they are socially responsible in this realm of broadened, more
Research Note: Hofstede's Consequences: A Study of Reviews, Citations and Replications

An analysis of applications and replications of the work of Geert Hofstede was based on a collection of citations of published and unpublished material. Four types of usage were found: citations, reviews, empirical replications, and as a paradigm. The role of Hofstede's work is illustrated by the number of citations, the widespread usage of Hofstede's culture types beyond citation as well as con firmation of the results and validation of the dimensions by empirical research.
Auraptene Is an Inhibitor of Cholesterol Esterification and a Modulator of Estrogen Receptors

Auraptene is a prenyloxycoumarin from Citrus species with chemopreventive properties against colitis-related colon and breast cancers through a yet-undefined mechanism. To decipher its mechanism of action, we used a ligand-structure based approach. We established that auraptene fits with a pharmacophore involved in both the inhibition of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) and the modulation of estrogen receptors (ERs). We confirmed experimentally that auraptene inhibits ACAT and binds to ERs in a concentration-dependent manner and that it inhibited ACAT in rat liver microsomes and in intact cancer cells of murine and human origins, with an IC50 value in the micromolar range. Auraptene bound to ERs with affinities of 7.8 μM for ERα and 7.9 μM for ERβ, stabilized ERs, and modulated their transcriptional activity via an ER-dependent reporter gene and endogenous genes. We further established that these effects correlated well with the control of growth and invasiveness of tumor cells. Our data shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer and chemopreventive effects of auraptene.
Children with Disabilities' Perceptions of Activity Participation and Environments: A Pilot Study

Background. Children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to participation restrictions resulting from the interactions between children and their physical and social environments. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how children with disabilities view their participation in out-of-school-time (OST) activities in a range of environmental settings. Methods. A case-study design was used to examine six children's views on their OST activities using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE), photographs of their OST activity settings, and semi-structured interviews. Findings. CAPE results indicated that the children participated most often in recreational activities. Through the use of photographs and interviews, four major themes emerged that emphasized a deep interconnection between childhood activities and settings. Implications. This unique pilot study contributes to developing an understanding for occupational therapists about how children with disabilities view their participation, their activity environments, and how photographs can be used to engage children in research.
First Results from Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure Radio Channel Measurements at 5.2GHZ

Car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure (henceforth called C2X) communications are constantly gaining importance for road- safety and other applications. In order to design efficient C2X systems, an understanding of realistic C2X propagation channels is required, but currently, only few measurements have been published. This paper presents a description of an extensive measurement campaign recently conducted in an urban scenario, a rural scenario, and on a highway. We focused on 4 x 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MHVIO) measurements at a center frequency of 5.2 GHz with high Doppler resolution. As first results from evaluating the measurement data we present the power-delay profile and the delay-Doppler spectrum from a selected, especially interesting measurement run from an urban measurement route. We observe dispersed Doppler contributions between zero and the Doppler shift corresponding to the relative speed of the cars, and very concentrated (in the Doppler domain), contributions from double reflections. Surprisingly, we also found paths with larger delays and zero Doppler shifts.
High Quality Classroom Assessment: What Does It Really Mean?

Teachers who gather accurate information about student achievement through the use of sound classroom assessment contribute to effective teaching and learning. On the other hand, those who fail to understand and apply the rules of evidence for sound assessment risk doing great harm to students. Thus, all teachers must understand the differences between sound and unsound assessments. This module is designed to promote that understanding. It examines the many users and uses of classroom assessment, the wide range of achievement targets to be assessed, the array of assessment methods teachers use, and the importance of marrying targets and methods in ways that promote sound assessment. Four key attributes of sound assessment are presented for the teachers to apply in their own classroom assessment environments.
Social skills and self-esteem of college students with ADHD

Research indicates that up to 65% of children diagnosed with ADHD may continue to display general behavior problems, as well as specific symptoms of ADHD, later in life. In most of the studies, ADHD college students’ self-esteem is strongly aligned with their social skills. The purpose of this study was to find directions that will assist ADHD students to succeed at college by identifying which factors affect their social skills and self-esteem, and, consequently, affect their academic achievement, their lives, and their careers. This study used a mixed method approach in which qualitative and quantitative research were combined. There were 88 participants, 44 ADHD students and 44 nonADHD students from two two-year community colleges and a four-year private university. For quantitative research, the 44 ADHD students and the 44 non ADHD students, from these three institutions, completed three surveys; the Profile Information Form, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale Survey Schedule and the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale questionnaires. The T-Test and MANOVA were utilized to measure the significance of the ADHD students’ social skills and self-esteem compared to nonADHD students. In qualitative study, eight themes to emerge from the interview data are as follows: 1) Diagnosis/Childhood Experiences, 2) ADHD Symptoms, 3) Self Esteem, 4) Family Support, 5) College accommodations, 6) Social Skills, 7) Medication, and 8) Goals and Professions. The result of the T-Test and the MANOVA test also illustrate that college students with ADHD have a lower level of self-esteem and poorer social skills when compared to the group of students without ADHD. These eight themes illustrate that
Hemisphere-Dependent Attentional Modulation of Human Parietal Visual Field Representations

Posterior parietal cortex contains several areas defined by topographically organized maps of the contralateral visual field. However, recent studies suggest that ipsilateral stimuli can elicit larger responses in the right than left hemisphere within these areas, depending on task demands. Here we determined the effects of spatial attention on the set of visual field locations (the population receptive field [pRF]) that evoked a response for each voxel in human topographic parietal cortex. A two-dimensional Gaussian was used to model the pRF in each voxel, and we measured the effects of attention on not only the center (preferred visual field location) but also the size (visual field extent) of the pRF. In both hemispheres, larger pRFs were associated with attending to the mapping stimulus compared with attending to a central fixation point. In the left hemisphere, attending to the stimulus also resulted in more peripheral preferred locations of contralateral representations, compared with attending fixation. These effects of attention on both pRF size and preferred location preserved contralateral representations in the left hemisphere. In contrast, attentional modulation of pRF size but not preferred location significantly increased representation of the ipsilateral (right) visual hemifield in right parietal cortex. Thus, attention effects in topographic parietal cortex exhibit hemispheric asymmetries similar to those seen in hemispatial neglect. Our findings suggest potential mechanisms underlying the behavioral deficits associated with this disorder.
How Does It Feel to Be a Problem? Black Male Students, Schools, and Learning in Enhancing the Knowledge Base to Disrupt Deficit Frameworks

Despite a multitude of school reform efforts, increased standardization in schools, the influx of charter schools nationwide, the promulgation of high-stakes testing, the supposed promise of educational policies such as No Child Left Behind, the surge of districts being taken over by states, and the growing corporate presence to oversee schools, there still remains a large segment of students attending U.S. schools who fail to gain access to a high-quality education (Darling-Hammond, 2006, 2010; Howard, 2010). These trends are most disturbing at a time when increasing globalization and the need for highly skilled individuals may lead to countless numbers of students who find themselves on the academic margins today and will most certainly be on the economic and social fringes in the near future. Although this academic and social exclusion will undoubtedly affect students across all racial, gender, and socioeconomic groups, there are persistent data that show that certain student groups are more severely and disproportionately affected by school failures than others. One of those groups, African American1 males, is the focus of this work. African American males will be the focus because they continue to be one of the more academically and socially marginalized students in U.S. schools (Anderson, 2008; Noguera, 2008). The outcomes in school in many ways mirror their condition in the larger society (Polite & Davis, 1999). This work seeks to shed some light on some of the challenges that exist for Black males in their pursuit for academic success. A close examination of a number of political, social, and economic indicators reveals the ongoing challenges of what it means to be Black and male in the United States.
Multicultural attitudes among adolescents

In this study predictors of multiculturalism at the individual and classroom level are tested in a multilevel model. Previous studies attempting to find predictors of multiculturalism focused only on the individual level, possibly risking an attribution error. Multiculturalism is presented in this study as a notion stressing equal opportunities and minimizing discrimination as well as the conviction that the access to other cultures enriches ones own life. Using a sample of 448 adolescents from junior vocational education it was found that more ethnic diversity at the classroom level is positively related to adolescents’ support for multiculturalism. As such, this study supports the intergroup contact theory.
Designing content-driven intelligent notification mechanisms for mobile applications

An increasing number of notifications demanding the smartphone user's attention, often arrive at an inappropriate moment, or carry irrelevant content. In this paper we present a study of mobile user interruptibility with respect to notification content, its sender, and the context in which a notification is received. In a real-world study we collect around 70,000 instances of notifications from 35 users. We group notifications according to the applications that initiated them, and the social relationship between the sender and the receiver. Then, by considering both content and context information, such as the current activity of a user, we discuss the design of classifiers for learning the most opportune moment for the delivery of a notification carrying a specific type of information. Our results show that such classifiers lead to a more accurate prediction of users' interruptibility than an alternative approach based on user-defined rules of their own interruptibility.
Plasma membrane changes of liver and Morris hepatoma induced by retinol in rats.

Abstract The uptake and binding of p.o. -administered labeled all- trans -retinol was studied in vivo in rats bearing nine different types of Morris hepatomas. Radioactivity was found in acid-precipitable and acid-soluble fractions of serum, liver, and the respective tumor. In the different types of Morris hepatomas, the uptake of retinol was found to be decreased. Depending on their growth rates, the tumors accumulated 1.6 to 50% of the radioactivity determined in the respective host liver. A linear correlation was obtained when the increasing growth rates were plotted logarithmically versus the decreasing uptake rates of the vitamin. Evidently, the decreased uptake of retinol is a common feature of Morris hepatomas and seems to be related to malignant transformation and not to increased growth, because in the regenerating liver an increase of the uptake of p.o. -administered retinol was found. A 67% decrease in the incorporation rate of labeled l-fucose and a simultaneously increased turnover of protein-bound l-fucose were the major alterations of the fucoprotein metabolism in the plasma membrane fraction of the liver induced by high doses of retinol (1.5 × 10 6 IU all- trans -retinol per kg of body weight). The half-life of protein-bound l-fucose was 23 hr in retinol-treated rats, whereas in pair-fed control animals it was 41 hr. However, in the cytosolic fraction, the half-life of protein-bound l-fucose increased from 36 hr to 110 hr by feeding retinol. Protein synthesis in retinol-treated rats measured by labeled l-methionine incorporation was unchanged in liver, hepatoma, and serum protein during the first hr after the pulse. However, 2 hr after the l-methionine pulse, an additional increase of the incorporation rate was observed. Fluorographic analysis of the plasma membrane polypeptides revealed characteristic changes in the labeling pattern after labeling with l-fucose in vivo . These alterations comprise shifts of bands in the apparent molecular weight range of 30,000 to 220,000. In the plasma membrane fraction of Morris hepatoma 9121, only minimal changes were seen, although 70 IU of vitamin A per mg protein were found in the tumor 24 hr after feeding 1.5 × 10 6 IU/kg of body weight. This study indicates that the increased hepatic secretory activity after high doses of retinol leads to rapid turnover of incompletely fucosylated glycoproteins of the plasma membrane. The subsequent alterations in the glycosylation pattern as revealed by labeling with l-fucose in vivo are not detectable in the tumor plasma membrane. Therefore, the tumor plasma membrane is not the main target organelle of retinol. Possibly, changes in the host rather than in the tumor itself may be responsible for the anticarcinogenic effect of retinol and the retinoids.
Incidence of salmonella infection in animals in England and Wales, 1968–1974

SUMMARY Of a total of 23,609 incidents of salmonella infection reported during the period 1968–74, 20,326 occurred in cattle, 1744 in poultry and other birds, 675 in sheep, 558 in pigs and 306 in other species of animals. Despite the large number of serotypes isolated (153), 88% of incidents were due to only two serotypes: S. dublin (15,929 incidents of which 15,446 occurred in cattle) and S. typhimurium (4842 incidents of which 3785 occurred in cattle and 732 in birds). S. choleraesuis was the third (314 incidents which with only 5 exceptions occurred in pigs) and S. abortusovis (243 incidents all in sheep) was the fourth most commonly isolated serotype. The following six serotypes were each recorded in more than 100 incidents: S. newport (177), S. agona (170), S. virchow (169), S. anatum (152), S. enteritidis (150) and S. montevideo (111). The other 143 serotypes accounted for only 5·8% of total incidents. The trends of annual incidence of salmonella infection in cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and other birds during the 17-year period 1958–74 and the distribution of the main serotypes in the individual species of animals from 1968 to 1974 are discussed.
LGBT Psychosocial Theory and Practice in the UK: A Review of Key Contributions and Current Developments

SUMMARY This paper outlines the recent history of LGBT psychology and psychotherapy in the United Kingdom, focusing on key publications,1 and the current terrain, highlighting similarities and differences between the UK and the US contexts.2 The paper is divided into four sections: the first focuses on the early development of the field in the late 1960s. The second section explores the 1980s–a decade that witnessed the publication of two key texts that had a strong influence on the development of the field and, in particular, on the development of critical and discursive approaches. The third section details the rapid changes that occurred in the 1990s including the establishment of a Lesbian and Gay Psychology Section within the British Psychological Society. The final section considers the current terrain and the similarities and differences in the theoretical commitments of researchers and practitioners working in the UK and in the US.
Financial Distress Models: How Pertinent Are Sampling Bias Criticisms?

The finance literature shows that over-sampling of distressed companies, time-period selection, crossindustry variation and choice of distress indicator can bias estimating model predictive accuracy. We address those arguments using a sample of high-leverage companies where loan default is the indicator variable. We separately test the predictive accuracy of two published multivariate financial distress models by Zmijewski and Marchesini. The predictive accuracy for both models was generally comparable for the new dataset. Further, each model’s predictive accuracy was comparable to that found in their respective original datasets. These comparative results raise doubt regarding the relative importance of sample bias criticisms.
Emotion Regulation and Schizophrenia

Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia have evolved over the past 20 years to target cognitive biases behind psychotic thought disorders. For many individuals, psychotic symptoms can be modified through specific cognitive and behavior strategies. Recent research suggests that individuals with schizophrenia may lack the ability to regulate their emotions and that emotion dysregulation is present at experiential, processing, and expressive levels, exacerbating the distress and social dysfunction experienced. Recent findings regarding emotional dysregulation among individuals with schizophrenia are presented and the role of emotional experience in the etiology and the development of the illness is discussed. In agreement with the published literature, we argue for the priority of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal, exposure, acceptance, detachment, and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia.
Dissolution of mural thrombus by specific thrombin inhibition with r-hirudin: comparison with heparin and aspirin.

BACKGROUND The presence of residual mural thrombus may predispose to recurrent thrombotic events in acute coronary syndromes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents on a preformed, fresh mural thrombus during growth of thrombus. METHODS AND RESULTS A fresh mural thrombus was formed by perfusing severely injured arterial wall with porcine blood for 5 minutes at a shear rate of 1690 s(-1). Thrombus formation was measured by morphometric analysis (mm2/mm). The average size of a mural thrombus formed in 5 minutes was 0.14+/-0.03 mm2/mm. Progression of thrombus growth within 10 minutes triggered by the preformed thrombus was evaluated in pigs treated with r-hirudin (1 mg/kg per hour i.v.) as a probe for thrombin, high-dose heparin (250 IU/kg per hour i.v.), moderate-dose heparin (100 IU/kg per hour), moderate-dose heparin (100 IU/kg per hour) plus aspirin, aspirin alone (5 mg/kg i.v.), and placebo. Hirudin was associated with a significant decrease (48%) of mural thrombus area and significantly reduced growth of thrombus (0.07+/-0.01), even compared with the highest dose of heparin (0.15+/-0.03), although at lower levels of anticoagulation. Inhibition of growth of thrombus with heparin was dose dependent, showing an inverse correlation of thrombus area with mean plasma heparin concentrations (r=.77, P=.0001). Thrombus size was unchanged by aspirin (0.29+/-0.07) compared with controls (0.28+/-0.07). CONCLUSIONS Direct inhibition of thrombin activity with r-hirudin completely inhibits growth of thrombus, causes dissolution of a preexisting mural thrombus, and is more effective at lower levels of anticoagulation than the highest dose of heparin at shear rates typical of a moderate coronary stenosis.