Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the VmaxST Portable Metabolic Measurement System

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the VmaxST portable metabolic measurement system. Forty-five healthy adults (age = 25.7 +/- 5.9 yr; height = 171.8 +/- 9.1 cm; weight = 69.6 +/- 12.8 kg; VO2peak) = 40.7 ml/kg/min; percent fat = 21.7 +/- 11.0) performed two separate and identical exercise routines on different days consisting of treadmill walking at 2.0 mph (53.6 m/min), 3.0 mph (80.5 m/min), and 4.0 mph (107.3 m/min) and running at 6.0 mph (160.9 m/min). VE and gas exchange were measured continuously breath-to-breath. A random effects model on log-transformed data yielded coefficients of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for VO2 and VE of 5.2 - 7.6 %, and 0.77 - 0.92, respectively, for all walking and running trials. For VCO2, CVs were higher (10 - 12 %) and ICCs lower (0.70 - 0.81). Ordinary least squares regression between the individual difference scores and the individual mean scores for VE, VO2 and VCO2, respectively, indicated no systematic bias (all p > 0.05). Bland-Altman analysis also illustrated no systematic bias between repeated measurements. The VmaxST provides reliable measurements of VO2 and VE during walking and running eliciting VE and VO2 at least up to approximately 56 and 2.2 l/min, respectively. The system appears to be less reliable for measuring VCO2.
High-Density Transcriptional Initiation Signals Underline Genomic Islands in Bacteria

Genomic islands (GIs), frequently associated with the pathogenicity of bacteria and having a substantial influence on bacterial evolution, are groups of “alien” elements which probably undergo special temporal–spatial regulation in the host genome. Are there particular hallmark transcriptional signals for these “exotic” regions? We here explore the potential transcriptional signals that underline the GIs beyond the conventional views on basic sequence composition, such as codon usage and GC property bias. It showed that there is a significant enrichment of the transcription start positions (TSPs) in the GI regions compared to the whole genome of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. There was up to a four-fold increase for the 70% GIs, implying high-density TSPs profile can potentially differentiate the GI regions. Based on this feature, we developed a new sliding window method GIST, Genomic-island Identification by Signals of Transcription, to identify these regions. Subsequently, we compared the known GI-associated features of the GIs detected by GIST and by the existing method Islandviewer to those of the whole genome. Our method demonstrates high sensitivity in detecting GIs harboring genes with biased GI-like function, preferred subcellular localization, skewed GC property, shorter gene length and biased “non-optimal” codon usage. The special transcriptional signals discovered here may contribute to the coordinate expression regulation of foreign genes. Finally, by using GIST, we detected many interesting GIs in the 2011 German E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain TY-2482, including the microcin H47 system and gene cluster ycgXEFZ-ymgABC that activates the production of biofilm matrix. The aforesaid findings highlight the power of GIST to predict GIs with distinct intrinsic features to the genome. The heterogeneity of cumulative TSPs profiles may not only be a better identity for “alien” regions, but also provide hints to the special evolutionary course and transcriptional regulation of GI regions.
A New SX Phoenicis Star in the Globular Cluster M15

A new SX Phoenicis star (labeled SXP 1) found from BV CCD photometry is the first to be discovered in the globular cluster M15. It is a blue straggler and is located 102. ″8 north and 285. ″6 west of the center of M15. The mean magnitudes of SXP 1 are ⟨B⟩ = 18.671 and ⟨V⟩ = 18.445. The amplitude of variability of SXP 1 is measured to be ΔV ≈ 0.15. From multiple-frequency analysis based on the Fourier decomposition method, we detect two very closely separated pulsation frequencies: the primary frequency at f1 = 24.630 cycles day-1 for both B and V bands, and the secondary frequency at f2 = 24.338 cycles day-1 for the B band and 24.343 cycles day-1 for the V band. This star is the second among known SX Phoenicis stars found to pulsate with very closely separated frequencies (f2/f1 ≥ 0.95). These frequencies may be explained by excitation of nonradial modes; however, we have an incomplete understanding of this phenomenon in the case of SX Phoenicis stars with relatively high amplitudes. The relations between metallicity and period and between the variability amplitude and period for SXP 1 are found to be consistent with those for SX Phoenicis stars in other globular clusters.
Forensic Population Genetics—Original Research Genetic diversity of 17 Y-short tandem repeats in Indian population

Seventeen short tandem repeats (DYS389I, DYS390, DYS389II, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS393, DYS391, DYS392, DYS439, DYS438, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, Y(GATA)H4, DYS437, and DYS448) from the nonrecombining region of the human Y-chromosome were analyzed in 750 unrelated males representing four major linguistic families of India using AmpFlSTR 1 Yfiler 1 PCR Amplification kit. A total of 612 distinct haplotypes were observed, of which 545 were unique. Rare alleles for the loci DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, Y(GATA)H4, and duplication at the loci DYS389I and DYS389II were also observed. To understand the genetic diversity of the Indian population, and utility of Y-STRs in forensics, the locus diversity, haplotype diversity, and discrimination capacity in all populations was determined. MDS plot based on pairwise Fst and AMOVA revealed the high genetic heterogeneity among the Indian populations due to linguistic diversity and social stratification.
Values of b and p: their variations and relation to physical processes for earthquakes in Japan

Synopsis This work reviews some results obtained already for the variations of the seismicity parameters b and p in different seismogenic and tectonic regions in Japan. We bring as well new evidence that the time and space changes in seismicity parameters are correlating well with the crustal structure and/or some parameters of the earthquake process. In the first part of the paper we show that several seismicity precursors (clear b-value changes, quiescence and clustering) occurred about two years before the 1995 Kobe earthquake and they correlate well with other geophysical premonitory phenomena of the major event. The precursory phenomena occurred in a relatively large area, which corresponds probably with the preparation zone of the future event. In the second part, we analyze the b and p value spatial and temporal distribution for the aftershocks of the 2000 Tottori earthquake. The results indicate significant correlations between the spatio-temporal pattern of b and p and the stress distribution after the main shock, as well as the crustal structure. The swarm-like seismic sequences occurred in 1989, 1990 and 1997 showed significant precursory b and p values. In the third part of the paper we analyze the seismicity during the 1998 Hida Mountain earthquake swarm. The double-differencerelocated events are analyzed for their frequency-magnitude distribution and stress changes. While again the b-value is significantly different in south comparing with the north part of the epicentral area, the physical interpretation is difficult and complex. The changes in the Coulomb failure stress (∆CFF) can explain the b-value distribution features, but the crustal structure may be also important. The seismicity distribution and migration, in relation with ∆CFF is also discussed. We refer as well to other world-wide studies.
Extreme Genetic Divergence Is Required for Coreceptor Switching in HIV-1 Subtype C

Background:Coreceptor switching from CCR5 to CXCR4 is less common in subtype C HIV-1 infection than in subtype B for reasons that are unclear. We have examined sequential virus samples from a subtype C-infected child who had evidence of coreceptor switching. Methods:To examine HIV-1 envelope evolution towards CXCR4 usage, env sequences were correlated with phenotypic characteristics determined by entry assays, as well as the ability to use alternative coreceptors such as FPRL1, CCR3, CCR8 and others. The value of a phenotype predictor based on V3 sequences was also assessed. Results:Ninety-three sequences revealed 3 distinct coexistent virus lineages and only some members of one lineage evolved to use CXCR4. These lineages also had diverse alternative coreceptor patterns including the ability to use FPRL1, CCR3, CCR8, APJ, CMKLR1, RDC-1, CXCR6, CCR1, GPCR1, GPR15 and CCR6. Coreceptor switching was associated with extensive and rapid sequence divergence in the V1/V2 region in addition to V3 changes. Furthermore, interlineage recombination within the C2 region resulted in low predictability of a V3 sequence-based phenotype algorithm, and highlighted the importance of V1/V2 and V3 sequences in coreceptor usage. Conclusion:These results suggest that the evolution to coreceptor switching in subtype C infection requires more mutations than other subtypes, and this contributes to the reduced incidence of R5X4 viruses.
The dynamical crossover phenomenon in bulk water, confined water and protein hydration water

We discuss a phenomenon regarding water that was until recently a subject of scientific controversy, i.e. the dynamical crossover from fragile-to-strong glass-forming material, for both bulk and protein hydration water. Such a crossover is characterized by a temperature TL at which significant dynamical changes occur, such as violation of the Stokes–Einstein relation and changes of behaviour of homologous transport parameters such as the density relaxation time and the viscosity. In this respect we will consider carefully the dynamic properties of water–protein systems. More precisely, we will study proteins and their hydration water as far as bulk and confined water. In order to clarify the controversy we will discuss in a comparative way many previous and new experimental data that have emerged using different techniques and molecular dynamic simulation (MD). We point out the reasons for the different dynamical findings from the use of different experimental techniques.
PENEPMA: A Monte Carlo Program for the Simulation of X-Ray Emission in Electron Probe Microanalysis

Abstract The Monte Carlo program PENEPMA performs simulations of X-ray emission from samples bombarded with both electron and photon beams. It is based on the general-purpose Monte Carlo simulation package PENELOPE, an elaborate system for the simulation of coupled electron-photon transport in arbitrary materials, and on the geometry subroutine package PENGEOM, which tracks particles through complex material structures defined by quadric surfaces. After a brief description of the interaction models implemented in the simulation subroutines and of the structure and operation of PENEPMA, we provide an overview of the capabilities of the program along with several examples of its application to the modeling of electron probe microanalysis measurements.
Exo-Glove PM: An Easily Customizable Modularized Pneumatic Assistive Glove

Customization is an important issue for assistive gloves because it affects glove performance. In this letter, we propose an assembly based customizable soft pneumatic assistive glove, named Exo-Glove PM. Pneumatic soft robots generally consist of a single structure with embedded actuators. However, when assembled, the region where the assemblies are connected easily undergoes large stress concentration that leads to failure. To overcome this issue, we have developed a hybrid actuator module that combines a soft actuation structure and rigid joining methods. In general, rigid joining methods require a bulky design to enable easy assembly, but Exo-Glove PM is designed to create pathways for assembly tools to access the bolt heads by bending certain parts. This novel way of joining assemblies allows soft robots to be built of multiple parts while minimizing the volume. It ensures small module size and enables modules to cover a wide range of hand sizes; the distance between each module is matched to the length of the user's phalanges using spacers. This approach allows users to customize the glove by assembly of standardized modules and maximizes the comfort and the performance of the glove without custom manufacturing and, thus, reduces costs.
Generic Uniqueness Conditions for the Canonical Polyadic Decomposition and INDSCAL

We find conditions that guarantee that a decomposition of a generic third-order tensor in a minimal number of rank-$1$ tensors (canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD)) is unique up to a permutation of rank-$1$ tensors. Then we consider the case when the tensor and all its rank-$1$ terms have symmetric frontal slices (INDSCAL). Our results complement the existing bounds for generic uniqueness of the CPD and relax the existing bounds for INDSCAL. The derivation makes use of algebraic geometry. We stress the power of the underlying concepts for proving generic properties in mathematical engineering.
Completeness of Continuation Models for lambda-mu-Calculus

We show that a certain simple call-by-name continuation semantics of Parigot's λµ -calculus is complete. More precisely, for every λµ-theory we construct a cartesian closed category such that the ensuing continuation-style interpretation of λµ, which maps terms to functions sending abstract continuations to responses, is full and faithful. Thus, any λµ-category in the sense of L. Ong (1996, in "Proceedings of LICS '96," IEEE Press. New York) is isomorphic to a continuation model (Y. Lafont, B. Reus, and T. Streicher, "Continuous Semantics or Expressing Implication by Negation," Technical Report 93-21, University of Munich) derived from a cartesian-closed category of continuations. We also extend this result to a later call-by-value version of λµ developed by C. -H. L. Ong and C. A. Stewart (1997), in "Proceedings of ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, Paris, January 1997," Assoc. Comput. Mach. Press. New York).
Prodromal angina limits infarct size. A role for ischemic preconditioning.

BACKGROUND In the experimental setting, it has been demonstrated that preconditioning myocardium before prolonged occlusion with brief ischemic episodes affords substantial protection to the cells by delaying lethal injury, thereby limiting infarct size. Whether the same occurs in humans remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was undertaken to determine whether new-onset prodromal angina, defined as chest pain episodes limited to the 24 hours before myocardial infarction, is the clinical correlate of the ischemic preconditioning phenomenon. Twenty-five patients with their first anterior myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator [r-TPA], 100 mg/3 hours) were retrospectively included in the study because they met the following criteria: (1) < 120 minutes from onset of symptoms to reperfusion therapy, (2) < 90 minutes from the beginning of thrombolytic therapy to reperfusion (defined as rapid ST elevation reduction > 50%), (3) a patient infarct-related coronary artery with TIMI 3 flow and complete absence of collateral circulation to the infarct related artery (assessed at 24 +/- 5 days), and (4) the presence of new-onset prodromal angina, ie, typical chest pain episodes occurring at rest within 24 hours or, alternatively, a complete absence of symptoms before onset of infarction. Therefore, on the basis of their clinical status before infarction, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1, 13 patients without prodromal angina, and group 2, 12 patients with prodromal angina. Despite no difference in time to treatment (81 +/- 19 versus 75 +/- 21 minutes in group 1 and group 2, respectively; P = NS) and time to reperfusion (58 +/- 34 versus 46 +/- 24 minutes; P = NS), the peak of CKMB release was markedly lower in group 2 (86.3 +/- 66 versus 192.3 +/- 108.3 IU/L; P < .01). In addition, although both groups were comparable in terms of area at risk (amount of myocardium beyond the infarct-related stenosis; 15.1 +/- 4.6 versus 13.7 +/- 4.6 hypokinetic segments in group 1 and group 2, respectively, P = NS), the final infarct size (11 +/- 7.5 versus 5.6 +/- 4 hypokinetic segments, P < .04) was smaller in group 2. Thus, the limitation of the infarct size was significantly greater in group 2 (69% versus 36%; P < .05), and this represents an additional 33% reduction (95% confidence intervals, 7.1% to 58.9%; P = .01) in the group of patients with prodromal angina. Also, the third index, that is, the ECG, showed a favorable trend toward a lesser number of Q waves and a higher sigma R waves, although the values did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Despite a similar area at risk, patients with new-onset prodromal angina showed a significantly smaller infarct size compared with patients without prodromal symptoms. Since the two groups had similar times to reperfusion and no evidence of collateral circulation to the infarct related artery, the protection afforded by angina in group 2 patients might be explained by the occurrence of ischemic preconditioning.
Effect of Planar Anisotropy and Tension-Compression Asymmetry of CP-Ti on its Deep Drawing Behavior at Room Temperature

The planar anisotropy (PA) and tension-compression asymmetry (TCA) of the commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) were investigated through uniaxial tension and compression experiments at room temperature. By deep drawing experiment, the formability and the earing profile for the CP-Ti were studied at room temperature. The deep drawing simulations using the hardening rules of uniaxial tensile or compression curves were compared with experimental results. The results show that the CP-Ti has obvious PA, and the plastic strain ratios r0, r45 and r90 are 1.47, 1.64 and 2.05, respectively. The CP-Ti sheet shows the tension-compression asymmetry of yielding and hardening. The TCA also shows obvious PA. The tension-compression yield strength ratio of 0°, 45° and 90° to the rolling direction are 1.12, 1.08, 1.04, and the tension-compression hardening exponent ratio are 0.86, 0.8 and 0.62, respectively. The simulative results without considering TCA indicate that the forming force, the wall thickness and earing profile are not in good agreement with the experimental ones. Therefore, the earing appeared in 45° is contribution of the PA and TCA. The TCA will reduce the thickness of the deep drawing parts, increase the earing ratio and affect the drawing force.
Synthesizing the preferred inputs for neurons in neural networks via deep generator networks

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art results on many pattern recognition tasks, especially vision classification problems. Understanding the inner workings of such computational brains is both fascinating basic science that is interesting in its own right - similar to why we study the human brain - and will enable researchers to further improve DNNs. One path to understanding how a neural network functions internally is to study what each of its neurons has learned to detect. One such method is called activation maximization (AM), which synthesizes an input (e.g. an image) that highly activates a neuron. Here we dramatically improve the qualitative state of the art of activation maximization by harnessing a powerful, learned prior: a deep generator network (DGN). The algorithm (1) generates qualitatively state-of-the-art synthetic images that look almost real, (2) reveals the features learned by each neuron in an interpretable way, (3) generalizes well to new datasets and somewhat well to different network architectures without requiring the prior to be relearned, and (4) can be considered as a high-quality generative method (in this case, by generating novel, creative, interesting, recognizable images).
Can the Electronic Health Record Identify Vulnerable Older Adults in Need of a Palliative Care Assessment in the Hospital Setting?

vides useful information that a significant portion of PN use was inappropriate in elderly adults, and the finding underlines the importance of audit and evaluation of nutritional status by a nutritional support team. Half of PN support in the present work was using Kabiven because it can be infused through a peripheral line, whereas TPN requires a central venous catheter for infusion, the use of which may carry the risk of infection in elderly adults. Therefore, Kabiven was preferred as PN support to avoid TPN-associated central line infection. In conclusion, physicians and nutritional support teams should carefully evaluate the indication for PN in elderly adults to avoid the inappropriate use of PN.
Liver Size in Saudi Children and Adolescents

Background/Aim: To examine the liver size in Saudi children and adolescents. Methods: A large sample of children was selected from the general population by multistage random probability sampling for the assessment of physical growth. A random subsample of children–newborns to 18 years old–was taken from this larger sample for this study. Liver size below the costal margin and liver span along the midclavicular line were determined by physicians. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and medians and standard deviations were calculated. Results: Between 2004 and 2005, 18 112 healthy children up to 18 years of age were examined. All were term and appropriate for gestational age. There were 9 130 boys and 8 982 girls, yielding a nearly 1:1 male to female ratio. The maximum palpable liver size below the costal margin was 2.4 cm. The median and + 2 SD liver span at birth were 4 and 6.9 cm, respectively. There was no difference in the liver span between boys and girls of up to 60 months of age. Thereafter, a difference could be seen increasing with age, with girls having smaller liver spans than boys. Conclusion: This manuscript reports the liver size in Saudi children and adolescents. The data should help physicians in the interpretation of liver size determined by physical examination of children and adolescents.
Treatment for intermittent claudication and the effects on walking distance and quality of life

The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the most common treatments for intermittent claudication and to determine the effectiveness in improving walking distance and quality of life based on a combination of direct and indirect evidence. We included trials that compared: angioplasty, surgery, exercise therapy or no treatment for intermittent claudication. Outcome measurements were walking distance (maximum, pain-free) and quality of life (physical, mental). We used a network meta-analysis model for the combination of direct and indirect evidence. We included 42 studies, presenting 3106 participants. The network meta-analysis showed that supervised exercise therapy (Δ = 1.62, P < 0.01), angioplasty (Δ = 1.89, P < 0.01) and surgery (Δ = 2.72, P = 0.02) increased walking distance significantly more than no treatment. Furthermore, supervised exercise therapy (Δ = 0.60, P < 0.01), angioplasty (Δ = 0.91, P = 0.01) and surgery (Δ = 1.07, P < 0.01) increased physical quality of life more than no treatment. However, in the sensitivity analysis, only supervised exercise therapy had additional value over no symptomatic treatment (Δ = 0.66, P < 0.01). In conclusion, this network meta-analysis indicates that supervised exercise therapy is more effective in both increasing walking distance and physical quality of life, compared with no treatment. Angioplasty and surgery also increase walking distance, compared with no treatment, but results for physical quality of life are less convincing.