Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NBTI: An Atomic-Scale Defect Perspective

We utilize a combination of MOSFET-gate controlled diode DC-IV measurements and a very sensitive electrically-detected electron spin resonance technique called spin-dependent recombination to observe and identify defect centers generated during NBTI in fully processed SiO<sub>2</sub> and plasma nitrided oxide (PNO)-based pMOSFETs. In SiO <sub>2</sub> devices, we observe the NBTI-induced generation of two Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> interface silicon dangling bond centers (P<sub>b0 </sub> and P<sub>b1</sub>) and very likely an oxide silicon dangling bond center (E'). Our observations indicate that both P<sub>b0</sub> and P<sub>b1</sub> defects play major roles in these SiO<sub>2</sub>-based devices and also suggest that E' centers could play an important role. In PNO devices, we observed the NBTI-induced generation of a new defect center which is fundamentally different from the P<sub>b0</sub>/P<sub>b1 </sub> defects generated during NBTI in SiO<sub>2</sub> devices. Our results indicate that it plays a dominating role in NBTI-induced interface state generation in thin PNO devices and also exhibits a post-negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) recovery. Although we observe different interface state defects, we observed essentially equivalent activation energies in both the SiO<sub>2</sub> and PNO devices
A mobile physiological monitoring system for patient transport

More and more intra-hospital transport of patients is required to perform special examination or therapy in recent years. The key point of all critical care transport is the continuous monitoring of vital signs. Also, with the growing popularity of wireless technology in the health care area, there is a pressing need to have a proper system in place for patient identification. Errors in patient identification and hence improper administrator of medication can lead to disastrous results. This paper proposes a mobile physiological patient monitoring system, which integrates current mobile smart phone, wireless sensor network, Bluetooth, and RFID patient identification systems for patient monitoring. This system enables continuous monitoring and patient identification during intra-hospital or inter-hospital patient transport.
THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF MICROBODIES IN THE FAT BODY OF AN INSECT

The structure and life history of insect microbodies are described during the development of the fat body from the 4th to 5th larval molt through the 5th to pupal molt. The mature microbodies are flattened spheres about 1.1 x 0.9 µ, with a depression on one side where a dense mass connects the limiting membrane to the core of coiled tubules. They contain catalase and urate oxidase. The precise synchrony of development of insect cells during the molt/intermolt cycle makes it easy to study the life history of particular organelles. Phases of growth are correlated with the hormonal milieu. Mature 4th stage microbodies decrease in size before ecdysis to the 5th stage when they atrophy at the same time as the new 5th stage generation arises. The 5th stage microbodies form as diverticula of the RER and, grow while confronted by RER cisternae. The mature microbodies decrease in size when the fat body engages in massive larval syntheses. At the end of the 5th larval stage, the microbodies are invested by isolation membranes and destroyed before pupation. There are thus two mechanisms for microbody destruction: atrophy of the 4th stage organelles and isolation with autophagy at the end of the 5th stage.
Dimensions of style: Context, politics and motivation in gay Israeli speech1

Sociolinguistic research has traditionally examined stylistic variation as a way of understanding how speakers may use language indexically. Quantitatively, research has sought to correlate observed patterns of variation across such external parameters as context or topic with the ways in which speakers linguistically orient themselves to their immediate surroundings or to some other socially-salient reference group. Recently, this approach has been criticized for being too mechanistic. In this paper, I present a new method for examining stylistic variation that addresses this critique, and demonstrate how an attention to speakers' motivations and interactional goals can be reconciled with a quantitative analysis of variation. I illustrate the proposed method with a quantitative examination of systematic patterns of prosodic variation in the speech of a group of Israeli men who are all members of various lesbian and gay political-activist groups.
Porcine Sperm Factor Supports Activation and Development of Bovine Nuclear Transfer Embryos1

Abstract A study was undertaken to determine whether injection of porcine sperm factors (pSF), which trigger oscillations in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in mammalian oocytes, could be used to activate bovine oocytes during nuclear transfer. To date, only combined treatments that induce a monotonic rise in [Ca2+]i and inhibit either phosphorylation or protein synthesis have been utilized in nuclear transfer. Several doses of pSF were tested. Injection of 5 mg/ml pSF triggered [Ca2+]i oscillations that resembled those associated with fertilization with respect to amplitude and periodicity, and as a result, a high percentage of oocytes underwent activation. Furthermore, this concentration of pSF supported in vitro and in vivo development up to 60–90 days of gestation, comparable to development in control nuclear transfer embryos. Nevertheless, neither activation procedure supported development as well as did fertilization. The effectiveness of pSF as an activating agent in bovine oocytes may have been compromised because pSF was unable to support oscillations past 3–5 h postinjection and a second injection was necessary to extend the [Ca2+]i oscillations. Likewise, a single injection of pSF failed to trigger downregulation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 subtype, whereas a second injection downregulated the receptor in a manner similar to that seen in fertilized oocytes. These results demonstrate that soluble factor(s) from porcine sperm can support early development in bovine nuclear transfer embryos; however, the efficacy may be limited because of the premature cessation of the induced oscillations.
DelugeNets: Deep Networks with Massive and Flexible Cross-layer Information Inflows

Human brains are adept at dealing with the deluge of information they continuously receive, by suppressing the non-essential inputs and focusing on the important ones. Inspired by such capability, we propose Deluge Networks (DelugeNets), a novel class of neural networks facilitating massive cross-layer information inflows from preceding layers to succeeding layers. The connections between layers in DelugeNets are efficiently established through cross-layer depthwise convolutional layers with learnable filters, acting as a flexible selection mechanism. By virtue of the massive cross-layer information inflows, DelugeNets can propagate information across many layers with greater flexibility and utilize network parameters more effectively, compared to existing ResNet models. Experiments show the superior performances of DelugeNets in terms of both classification accuracies and parameter efficiencies. Remarkably, a DelugeNet model with just 20.2M parameters achieve state-ofthe-art error of 19.02% on CIFAR-100 dataset, outperforming DenseNet model with 27.2M parameters. Moreover, DelugeNet performs comparably to ResNet-200 on ImageNet dataset with merely half of the computations needed by the latter.
Long-term survival of adult trauma patients.

CONTEXT Inpatient trauma case fatality rates may provide an incomplete assessment for overall trauma care effectiveness. To date, there have been few large studies evaluating long-term mortality in trauma patients and identifying predictors that increase risk for death following hospital discharge. OBJECTIVES To determine the long-term mortality of patients following trauma admission and to evaluate survivorship in relationship with discharge disposition. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Retrospective cohort study of 124,421 injured adult patients during January 1995 to December 2008 using the Washington State Trauma Registry linked to death certificate data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate long-term mortality following hospital admission for trauma. RESULTS Of the 124,421 trauma patients, 7243 died before hospital discharge and 21,045 died following hospital discharge. Cumulative mortality at 3 years postinjury was 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8%-16.2%) compared with the expected population cumulative mortality of 5.9% (95% CI, 5.9%-5.9%). In-hospital mortality improved during the 14-year study period from 8% (n = 362) to 4.9% (n = 600), whereas long-term cumulative mortality increased from 4.7% (95% CI, 4.1%-5.4%) to 7.4% (95% CI, 6.8%-8.1%). After adjustments for confounders, patients who were older and those who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility had the highest risk of death. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for death after discharge to a skilled nursing facility compared with that after discharge home were 1.41 (95% CI, 0.72-2.76) for patients aged 18 to 30 years, 1.92 (95% CI, 1.36-2.73) for patients aged 31 to 45 years, 2.02 (95% CI, 1.39-2.93) for patients aged 46 to 55 years, 1.93 (95% CI, 1.40-2.64) for patients aged 56 to 65 years, 1.49 (95% CI, 1.14-1.94) for patients aged 66 to 75 years, 1.54 (95% CI, 1.27-1.87) for patients aged 76 to 80 years, and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.09-1.74) for patients older than 80 years. Other significant predictors of mortality after discharge included maximum head injury score on Abbreviated Injury Score scale (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.13-1.26), Injury Severity Score (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98), Functional Independence Measure (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.88-0.91), mechanism of injury being a fall (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.30-1.58), and having Medicare (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15-1.43) or other government insurance (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.47-1.85). CONCLUSIONS Among adults admitted for trauma in Washington State, 3-year cumulative mortality was 16% despite a decline in in-hospital deaths. Discharge to a skilled nursing facility at any age following trauma admission was associated with a higher risk of subsequent mortality.
CUX1 transcription factor is required for optimal ATM/ATR-mediated responses to DNA damage

The p110 Cut homeobox 1 (CUX1) transcription factor regulates genes involved in DNA replication and chromosome segregation. Using a genome-wide-approach, we now demonstrate that CUX1 also modulates the constitutive expression of DNA damage response genes, including ones encoding ATM and ATR, as well as proteins involved in DNA damage-induced activation of, and signaling through, these kinases. Consistently, RNAi knockdown or genetic inactivation of CUX1 reduced ATM/ATR expression and negatively impacted hallmark protective responses mediated by ATM and ATR following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and UV, respectively. Specifically, abrogation of CUX1 strongly reduced ATM autophosphorylation after IR, in turn causing substantial decreases in (i) levels of phospho-Chk2 and p53, (ii) γ-H2AX and Rad51 DNA damage foci and (iii) the efficiency of DNA strand break repair. Similarly remarkable reductions in ATR-dependent responses, including phosphorylation of Chk1 and H2AX, were observed post-UV. Finally, multiple cell cycle checkpoints and clonogenic survival were compromised in CUX1 knockdown cells. Our results indicate that CUX1 regulates a transcriptional program that is necessary to mount an efficient response to mutagenic insult. Thus, CUX1 ensures not only the proper duplication and segregation of the genetic material, but also the preservation of its integrity.
Body mass index and risk of renal cell cancer: A dose‐response meta‐analysis of published cohort studies

Obesity is accepted as one of the major risk factors for renal cell cancer (RCC). However, conflicting results persist for the pooled risks based on the results from case–control and cohort studies combined, and the exact shape of the dose–response relationship has not been clearly defined yet. To help elucidate the role of obesity, PubMed and Embase databases were searched for published cohort studies on associations between body mass index (BMI) and risk of RCC. Random‐effects models and dose‐response meta‐analyses were used to pool study results. Subgroup analyses were conducted by the available characteristics of studies and participants. Cohort studies (21) with 15,144 cases and 9,080,052 participants were identified. Compared to normal weight, the pooled relative risks and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals of RCC were 1.28(1.24–1.33) for preobesity and 1.77(1.68–1.87) for obesity, respectively. A nonlinear dose–response relationship was also found for RCC risk with BMI (p = 0.000), and the risk increased by 4% for each 1 kg/m2 increment in BMI. There was no significant between‐study heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 35.6% for preobesity and I2 = 44.2% for obesity, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed a basically consistent result with the overall analysis. These results suggest that increased BMI are associated with increased risk of RCC both for men and women.
A Research Note on the Incremental Validity of Job Knowledge and Integrity Tests for Predicting Maximal Performance

In a sample of industrial job applicants, relationships among scores on an integrity test, a job knowledge measure, and maximal performance as assessed by a work sample measure were investigated. The observed correlation between the personality-based integrity test and maximal performance was . 27, indicating that integrity tests can be predictive of maximal performance. Furthermore, integrity test scores correlated . 14 with job knowledge and job knowledge scores had a validity of . 36 for maximal performance. Theoretical implications for the maximal/typical performance distinction are discussed.
Schlüsselstunden im Verlauf kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie von schizophrenen Patienten: Ein Beitrag zur Prozessforschung

A computer-assisted approach for an objective and systematic description of psychotherapy processes will be presented. Patients and Methods: Two cognitive behavioral therapies with schizophrenic patients and different outcomes will be compared by means of the Therapeutic Cycles Model that allows tracing cognitive and emotional regulation by use of transcripts. Result: The therapies significantly differ with regard to their outcome. Conclusion: Connecting as a measure for the capacity to access inner feelings and to reflect upon them promotes treatment success.
Opportunities of the collaborative mentoring relationships between teachers and student teachers in the classroom

This article explores the views of teachers, student teachers and university tutors about the opportunities of the collaborative mentoring relationships between teachers and student teachers. A qualitative approach was employed to conduct the study using a semi-structured type of interview with teachers, student teachers and university tutors. Data collected were analysed thematically and discussed. Findings indicate that the collaborative mentoring relationships provide opportunities for learning from different perspectives and learning opportunities for children, among others. The article concludes by highlighting some implications of the findings for the collaborative mentoring relationships between teachers and student teachers to be enacted effectively without limiting children’s learning.
Direct and indirect measures of frequency monitoring in young and elderly adults

Abstract Memory for frequency of occurrence of novel material (Turkish words) was investigated in young and elderly adults via direct (absolute and relative frequency judgments) and indirect (reading speed) measures. Both young and elderly adults showed increased reading speed as a function of frequency of occurrence (Experiment 1). However, when asked explicitly to identify how often a word occurred (Experiment 1) or which word occurred more often (Experiment 2), elderly subjects were less accurate than young adults. These results support and extend research on age-related dissociations in memory.
Correlation between dental caries and nutritional status: preschool children in a Brazilian municipality

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries and nutritional status in children in preschool age are serious public health problems, with multifactorial etiology, with diet as a common risk factor. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between dental caries and nutritional status of preschool children attending public schools in a city in the State of Sao Paulo. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study population was comprised of 3-5 year-old preschool children (n = 229) attending public schools, in which dmft (decay, missing, filled, teeth) was used for dental caries assessment and Body Mass Index (BMI) was used for nutritional status in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Statistical analysis was performed in a descriptive way through absolute and relative frequencies and Spearman Correlation test and Kruskal Wallis (P<0.05). RESULT: A dmft of 1.65 (2.87) and a SiC index (Significant Caries Index) of 4.88 (3.20) have been found, indicating polarization of dental caries. It was observed that 66.81% of children presented with nutritional status within the normal range and children with malnutrition had a mean dmft of 4.0 (3.66), which is two times higher than the other categories of nutritional status. No statistically significant correlation has been found by correlating dmft and components with Body Mass Index. CONCLUSION: This research did not identify a significant correlation between the occurrence of dental caries and nutritional status of preschool children, researches should be conducted to elucidate this relationship.
THE ONSET AND PERSISTENCE OF OFFENDING

This paper assesses the need for and focus of developmental theories of crime by analyzing three questions: (1) whether age of onset of criminal behavior has a causal impact on subsequent behavior, (2) whether the determinants of onset vary, at least in part, with age, and (3) whether the determinants of onset and continuation of offending differ in some respects. The inverse association between age of onset and persistence of offending is found to be entirely attributable to time-stable individual differences and, thus, is not attributable to a causal linkage. However, evidence is found of the covariates of onset changing with age and differences in the covariates of onset and of the continuation of offending.
Focus, repacking, and the judgment of grouped hypotheses

Previous research has found that judged probabilities of two complementary singleton hypotheses sum to one. However, there may be important differences between judgment of singleton and disjunctive hypotheses. We suggest that because of a general preference for singletons as the focus of judgment, disjunctions are more likely to be repacked into singletons when focal than when alternative. This prediction of differential repacking implies that a given disjunction will be perceived as less likely when focal. Thus, we predict that when disjunctions are under consideration, the sum of judged probabilities for two complementary hypotheses will be less than one. We observe this pattern in judgment of both probability and relative frequency, and for both externally-generated and self-generated hypotheses. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relational Problems with Peers, Gender, and Delinquency

Although there is some evidence to suggest that classic strain theory is applicable to both male and female delinquency, several theorists have argued that a distinct version of strain theory may be required to explain delinquency among females. In particular, whereas male deviance tends to be generated by classic (or economic) strain, female deviance tends to be generated by strain occurring in interpersonal relations. This study attempts to test this argument by examining the relative effects of interpersonal strain on male and female delinquency. An analysis of national survey data reveals that interpersonal strain (or problems in peer relations) is an important correlate of certain types of delinquency among female adolescents. The analysis also reveals, however, that interpersonal strain is perhaps a more important correlate of male delinquency. Implications for the understanding of female delinquency are discussed.
Phraseology and Second Language Proficiency

It is now generally accepted that advanced learners of English need to have command of a wide range of complex lexical units, which are for a native speaker processed as prefabricated chunks, fixed, or semi-fixed expressions. However, although there has been an increasing amount written about the role of phraseology in second language acquisition, there remains a lack of detailed description of learners' phraseological performance as the basis for understanding how phraseological competence develops. This paper addresses certain current issues in the description of collocations in English, and, in discussing the major approaches to the linguistic description of prefabricated language, the need for detailed categorization is emphasized, particularly for those interested in the development of this component of proficiency in a second language. Data is presented from native speaker language use, illustrating what can be revealed by one such descriptive model. Finally, the findings of a number of studies of native and non-native academic writing in English are discussed
Localization of Narrowband Radio Emitters Based on Doppler Frequency Shifts

Several techniques for emitter localization based on the Doppler effect have been described in the literature. One example is the differential Doppler (DD) method in which the signal of a stationary emitter is intercepted by at least two moving receivers. The frequency difference between the receivers is measured at several locations along their trajectories and the emitter's position is then estimated based on these measurements. This two-step approach is suboptimal since each frequency difference measurement is performed independently, although all measurements correspond to a common emitter position. Instead, a single-step approach based on the maximum likelihood criterion is proposed here for both known and unknown waveforms. The position is determined directly from all the observations by a search in the position space. The method can only be used for narrowband signals, that is, under the assumption that the signal bandwidth must be small compared to the inverse of the propagation time between the receivers. Simulations show that the proposed method outperforms the DD method for weak signals while both methods converge to the Cramer-Rao bound for strong known signals. Finally, it is shown that in some cases of interest the proposed method inherently selects reliable observations while ignoring unreliable data.
Transnational migration: a view from Colombia

This article presents the preliminary results of an ongoing research project on US-bound Colombian migration from the cities of Cali and Pereira. The project identified a dense web of economic, political, and socio-cultural transnational relations connecting migrants and their places of origin. These relations are heterogeneous and differentiated; what some scholars refer to as transnational communities are, in fact, fragmented by class, regionalism, ethnic cleavages and dominant stereotypes of Colombians as drug traffickers. We observed a complex transnational field of action, but not the formation of a transnational community.