Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of a German Version of the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS28) and Motivation Analysis in Competitive Mountain Runners

This study validated a German version of the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS28) and investigated the sex-specific and age-related differences in motivation of competitive mountain runners. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SMS28 was based on translation and back-translation methodology. Acceptable validity of the German version of the SMS28 was indicated by the high correlations (.81 to .98) of scores on the seven subscales for the English and German versions completed by 15 subjects. Motivation analysis was performed with 127 competitive male and female mountain runners. The seven subscales of the German version showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alphas .70 to .85). Findings on motivation of competitive mountain runners were a decline across age groups of Intrinsic motivation toward accomplishment for both sexes and an age-related decline of External regulation only for females. These motivational changes might well be associated with the observed diminishing numbers of older participants in mountain running competitions.
Using a Risk and Resilience Framework and Feminist Theory to Guide Social Work Interventions with Adolescent Mothers

Adolescent mothers and their children are among the most vulnerable and challenging clients that social workers serve. With the profession's strong commitment to evidence-based practice in mind, we synthesize current research and theory within a framework that promotes enhanced awareness of the client, practitioner, and larger sociopolitical environment by utilizing risk and resilience and feminist practice approaches. These approaches complement one another and provide a strong conceptual and empirical base for intervention. First, we outline key risk and resilience factors, paying specific attention to potential cumulative trauma. Then we explore the feminist practice perspective as an organizing conceptual framework and empowerment tool for adolescent mothers. A case example illustrates the model in a hypothetical practice situation.
Empirically investigating the statistical validity of SPM, FSL and AFNI for single subject fMRI analysis

The software packages SPM, FSL and AFNI are the most widely used packages for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Despite this fact, the validity of the statistical methods has only been tested using simulated data. By analyzing resting state fMRI data (which should not contain specific forms of brain activity) from 396 healthy controls, we here show that all three software packages give inflated false positive rates (4%-96% compared to the expected 5%). We isolate the sources of these problems and find that SPM mainly suffers from a too simple noise model, while FSL underestimates the spatial smoothness. These results highlight the need of validating the statistical methods being used for fMRI.
A search for possible interactions between ejections from GRS 1915+105 and the surrounding interstellar medium

We have observed an extended region surrounding the rst discovered galactic superluminal source GRS 1915+105, seeking evidence of interaction between the relativistic ejecta of that object and the interstel- lar medium. We nd two radio sources axisymmetrically aligned along the sub-arcsecond relativistic ejecta of GRS 1915+105 and roughly 17 0 distant from it, which coincide with the luminous IRAS sources 19124+1106 and 19132+1035. We have observed these sources at centimeter (VLA), millimeter (IRAM 30 m), and infrared (ISO, UKIRT, ESO/MPI 2.2 m) wavelengths in both line and continuum emission. At centimeter wavelengths a non-thermal jet-like feature aligned along the outflow axis is located adjacent to the inner edge of the southern source. Strong density enhancements are found in the millimeter tracers CO and H 13 CO + at the positions of both sources and some of the morphology is reminiscent of shock-like interactions; however, linewidths are narrow. At infrared wavelengths strong hydrogen recombination lines and weak lines of molecular hydrogen are observed at the southern source. We discuss these results as possible evidence of the sought-after interaction, both in terms of the regions undergoing ongoing shock-heating and in terms of them being locations of shock-induced star for- mation. The evidence for each of these is inconclusive. Millimeter line mapping of a portion of W 50 where the relativistic jets of the X-ray binary SS 433 interact with the interstellar medium shows roughly similar morphology as GRS 1915+105, suggesting that the phenomena observed at the IRAS sources may not be unusual for such a long distance interaction.
A Hierarchical Framework for Design Space Exploration and Optimization of TTP-Based Distributed Embedded Systems

Time-triggered protocol (TTP) is a time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based bus protocol designed for use in safety-critical avionics and automotive distributed embedded systems. Design space exploration (DSE) for TTP-based distributed embedded system involves searching through a vast design space of possible task-to-CPU mappings, task/message schedules and bus access configurations to achieve certain design objectives. In this paper, we present an efficient two-level hierarchical DSE framework for TTP-based distributed embedded systems, with the objective of minimizing the total bus utilization while meeting an end-to-end deadline constraint. Logic-based Benders decomposition (LBBD) is used to divide the problem into a master problem of mapping tasks to CPU nodes to minimize the total bus utilization, solved with a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver, and a subproblem of finding a feasible solution of bus access configuration and task/message schedule under an end-to-end deadline constraint for a given task-to-CPU mapping, solved with a constraint programming (CP) solver. Performance evaluation results show that our approach is scalable to problems with realistic size.
Dietary fat and human cancer

western civilization' common in North-West Europe, North America and Australasia which are rare in Africa, Asia and South America. The incidence of these cancers in migrant populations from Japan, South-East Asia or Eastern Europe to North America or Australia is similar to that of their newly adopted home rather than to that of their country of origin, indicating that environmental factors are more important than genetic factors in determining the incidence
Asymmetric Genome Organization in an RNA Virus Revealed via Graph-Theoretical Analysis of Tomographic Data

Cryo-electron microscopy permits 3-D structures of viral pathogens to be determined in remarkable detail. In particular, the protein containers encapsulating viral genomes have been determined to high resolution using symmetry averaging techniques that exploit the icosahedral architecture seen in many viruses. By contrast, structure determination of asymmetric components remains a challenge, and novel analysis methods are required to reveal such features and characterize their functional roles during infection. Motivated by the important, cooperative roles of viral genomes in the assembly of single-stranded RNA viruses, we have developed a new analysis method that reveals the asymmetric structural organization of viral genomes in proximity to the capsid in such viruses. The method uses geometric constraints on genome organization, formulated based on knowledge of icosahedrally-averaged reconstructions and the roles of the RNA-capsid protein contacts, to analyse cryo-electron tomographic data. We apply this method to the low-resolution tomographic data of a model virus and infer the unique asymmetric organization of its genome in contact with the protein shell of the capsid. This opens unprecedented opportunities to analyse viral genomes, revealing conserved structural features and mechanisms that can be targeted in antiviral drug design.
Economic Institutions as Social Constructions: A Framework for Analysis

Institutional economics has moved from a position, earlier in the twentieth century, of drawing eclectically on several other disciplines, to a stance of building its arguments almost entirely out of neoclassical materials This paper argues that such a stance cannot provide a persuasive account of economic institutions, and suggests a broader toundation based on classical sociological arguments about the embeddedness of economic goals and activities in socially oriented goals and structures Emphasis is placed on how economic activity comes to be coordinated by groups of people rather than carried out by isolated individuals Firms in developing countries, busmess groups, and the origins of the electrical utility industry in the United States are posed as cases of the 'social construction of economic institutions' It is argued that, although proper analysis of such cases involves a high level of contingency. these contingencies can be taken into account in a systematic theoretical argument, and that historicist pitfalls can be avoided Such an argument is posed as the distinctive agenda for a new economic sociology
Onset of cardiac iron loading in pediatric patients with thalassemia major

We reviewed cardiac T2* assessments from 77 thalassemia major patients between the ages of 2.5 and 18 years to study optimal timing of cardiac iron screening by magnetic resonance imaging. No patient under 9.5 years of age showed detectable cardiac iron in contrast to 36% of patients between the ages of 15–18 years old, corresponding to an odds-ratio of 1.28 (28%) per year. All patients with cardiac iron had received at least 35 grams of transfusional iron. Liver iron and ferritin failed to predict cardiac iron loading. Initiation of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging assessment should be determined according to age and transfusional burden rather than indices of iron overload. When appropriate chelation therapy has been administered since birth, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can be postponed until 8 years of age when anesthesia is not required. Patients with suboptimal chelation, increased transfusional requirements, or who have initiated transfusions later in life should be tested sooner.
Roles of frontal and temporal regions in reinterpreting semantically ambiguous sentences

Semantic ambiguity resolution is an essential and frequent part of speech comprehension because many words map onto multiple meanings (e.g., “bark,” “bank”). Neuroimaging research highlights the importance of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and the left posterior temporal cortex in this process but the roles they serve in ambiguity resolution are uncertain. One possibility is that both regions are engaged in the processes of semantic reinterpretation that follows incorrect interpretation of an ambiguous word. Here we used fMRI to investigate this hypothesis. 20 native British English monolinguals were scanned whilst listening to sentences that contained an ambiguous word. To induce semantic reinterpretation, the disambiguating information was presented after the ambiguous word and delayed until the end of the sentence (e.g., “the teacher explained that the BARK was going to be very damp”). These sentences were compared to well-matched unambiguous sentences. Supporting the reinterpretation hypothesis, these ambiguous sentences produced more activation in both the LIFG and the left posterior inferior temporal cortex. Importantly, all but one subject showed ambiguity-related peaks within both regions, demonstrating that the group-level results were driven by high inter-subject consistency. Further support came from the finding that activation in both regions was modulated by meaning dominance. Specifically, sentences containing biased ambiguous words, which have one more dominant meaning, produced greater activation than those with balanced ambiguous words, which have two equally frequent meanings. Because the context always supported the less frequent meaning, the biased words require reinterpretation more often than balanced words. This is the first evidence of dominance effects in the spoken modality and provides strong support that frontal and temporal regions support the updating of semantic representations during speech comprehension.
Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Job Satisfaction in Canadian YMCA Organizations

This study was undertaken to investigate the links between transformational leadership, organizational culture, and employee job satisfaction within the 69 Canadian YMCA organizations. Leadership was measured by the Leadership Behavior Questionnaire (Sashkin, 1988), organizational culture by the Organizational Culture Assessment Questionnaire (Sashkin, 1990), and employee job satisfaction by the Job in General Index (Balzer & Smith, 1990). The results of a MANOVA and subsequent ANOVA statistical treatments allowed the researchers to conclude that significant differences in organizational culture existed between the YMCA organizations led by high transformational leaders and YMCA organizations led by low transformational leaders. In addition, the YMCA organizations led by high transformational leaders administered organizations that carried out the culture-building activities of managing change, achieving goals, coordinated teamwork, and customer orientation to a greater degree than YMCA organizations led .
Cluster formation in cloud-radio access networks: Performance analysis and algorithms design

A dilemma in cloud-radio access networks (C-RANs) is to balance the cluster scale and the cooperative gains. In this paper, cluster formation for downlink transmissions in C-RANs is studied. In particular, with a fixed intro-cluster cooperation strategy, an explicit expression for the successful access probability is derived by applying stochastic geometry. By using the obtained theoretical result as a utility function, the problem of grouping remote radio heads is formulated as a coalitional formation game, and then two distributed algorithms based on the merge and split approach are obtained as efficient solutions for the cases with and without cluster size constraints, respectively. Compared with grand cluster formation, which is a centralized method, simulation results show that the proposed approaches can achieve better performance with smaller cluster settings.
Markers of neurodevelopmental impairments in early-onset psychosis

Background The aim of this study was to assess the association between the clinical and neurobiological markers of neurodevelopmental impairments and early-onset schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. Methods A sample of 36 patients with early-onset schizophrenia spectrum psychosis was compared to a control sample of 36 patients with migraine. We assessed early childhood neurodevelopmental milestones using a modified version of the General Developmental Scale, general intellectual ability using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised or Leiter International Performance Scale–Revised for patients with speech and language abnormalities, and neurological soft signs with specific regard to subtle motor impairment. Results Subjects with early-onset psychosis had a higher rate of impaired social development (P=0.001), learning difficulties (P=0.04), enuresis (P=0.0008), a lower intelligence quotient (P<0.001), and subtle motor impairments (P=0.005) than control subjects. Conclusion We suggest that neurodevelopment in early-onset psychosis is characterized by a global impairment of functional and adaptive skills that manifests from early childhood, rather than a delay or limitation in language and motor development. The current evidence is based on a small sample and should be investigated in larger samples in future research.
Markers for vulnerability to psychopathology: Temperament traits associated with platelet MAO activity

ABSTRACT: The functional linkage between platelet MAO activity and psychopathology was explored by analyzing temperamental correlates in 40 male subjects by means of scales from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Inventory, and the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Linear correlations were found with two sensation seeking scales, replicating earlier findings. However, nonlinear correlations predominated. Subjects with intermediate platelet MAO activity had higher scores in conformity scales and lower scores in anxiety and hostility scales than low and high MAO subgroups. Low MAO subjects showed a pattern of higher scores in KSP Impulsiveness, EPQ Neuroticism, and KSP Somatic Anxiety and Irritability and lower scores in KSP Socialization, in line with personality profiles found in alcoholics, psychopaths, and suicide attempters who also tend to have low platelet MAO activity. High MAO subjects scored lower in sensation seeking and conformity scales and higher in KSP Psychasthenia, Muscular Tension and Suspicion scales, consistent with clinical links between high platelet MAO activity and anxiety and paranoia.
Does the Gender Mix Among Employers Influence Who Gets Hired? A Labor Market Experiment

We consider in this paper whether the gender mix at the level of decision-makers in firms can influence gender representation at the employee level. We run a laboratory experiment whereby we present a pair of independent employers with applications from two potential employees. We consider whether the gender of the other employer will influence an employer's hiring decision. We find that the gender mix among employers plays a role in the individual hiring decisions of female members. Female employers when paired with a male employer are more likely to choose a female applicant over an equally competent male applicant. Results of an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and answers to a post-experimental questionnaire show that explicit beliefs about relative gender performance are significantly associated with the observed hiring bias, while implicit attitudes do not appear to play a role.
Manufacturable Low-Cost Flip-Chip Mounting Technology for 300–500-GHz Assemblies

We developed a chip mounting technology suitable for low-cost assemblies in the 300–500-GHz frequency range, compatible with standard chip and submount fabrication techniques. The waveguide and transition designs are compatible with indium phosphide heterobipolar transistor millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit chip architecture. Increased conductor shielding in different multilayer thin-film waveguide topologies is applied to suppress radiative losses, enabling low-loss interconnects up to 500-GHz bandwidth. Standard flip-chip align-and-place equipment is used to assemble the chips onto submounts. Losses are evaluated by banded ${S}$ -parameter measurements between 10 MHz and 500 GHz. For an optimized stripline-to-stripline transition, an insertion loss of less than 1 dB was measured at 500 GHz.
Personality, relationship closeness, and loneliness of oldest old adults and their children.

This study examined the effects of personality, attachment, and dimensions of family solidarity on the loneliness of oldest old adults (i.e., 85 years and older) and their adult children. Parent-child dyads were formed with data collected from 100 parents and their children. Results from path analyses indicated that oldest old adults' loneliness was reduced by affection both for and from their children. Although an anxious personality decreased affection, perceptions of attachment to children increased feelings of affection. In addition, parents and children who had anxious personalities were more likely to be lonely, whereas loneliness was decreased for those with an extraverted personality. Children's loneliness also was decreased by association with their parents and by the quality of their friendships. Perceptions of childhood attachment to parents increased current affection and association with and fulfillment of parents' expectations.
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Healthy Adults: Increase of Empyema Associated with the Clonal-Type Sweden1-ST306

Background Adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) occurs mainly in the elderly and patients with co-morbidities. Little is known about the clinical characteristics, serotypes and genotypes causing IPD in healthy adults. Methods We studied 745 culture-proven cases of IPD in adult patients aged 18–64 years (1996–2010). Patients were included in two groups: 1. ) adults with co-morbidities, and 2. ) healthy adults, who had no prior or coincident diagnosis of a chronic or immunosuppressive underlying disease. Microbiological studies included pneumococcal serotyping and genotyping. Results Of 745 IPD episodes, 525 (70%) occurred in patients with co-morbidities and 220 (30%) in healthy adults. The healthy adults with IPD were often smokers (56%) or alcohol abusers (18%). As compared to patients with co-morbidities, the healthy adults had (P<0.05): younger age (43.5+/−13.1 vs. 48.7+/−11.3 years); higher proportions of women (45% vs. 24%), pneumonia with empyema (15% vs. 7%) and infection with non-PCV7 serotypes including serotypes 1 (25% vs. 5%), 7F (13% vs. 4%), and 5 (7% vs. 2%); and lower mortality (5% vs. 20%). Empyema was more frequently caused by serotype 1. No death occurred among 79 patients with serotype 1 IPD. There was an emergence of virulent clonal-types Sweden1-ST306 and Netherlands7F-ST191. The vaccine serotype coverage with the PCV13 was higher in healthy adults than in patients with co-morbidities: 82% and 56%, respectively, P<0.001. Conclusion In this clinical study, one-third of adults with IPD had no underlying chronic or immunosuppressive diseases (healthy adults). They were often smokers and alcohol abusers, and frequently presents with pneumonia and empyema caused by virulent clones of non-PCV7 serotypes such as the Sweden1-ST306. Thus, implementing tobacco and alcohol abuse-cessation measures and a proper pneumococcal vaccination, such as PCV13 policy, in active smokers and alcohol abusers may diminish the burden of IPD in adults.
Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Children, Taiwan

Highly virulent community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is common worldwide. Using antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, exotoxin profiling, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing, we provide evidence that supports the relationship between nasal strains of PVL-positive MRSA and community-acquired disease.
A Multilevel Analysis of Procedural Justice Context

Using a multilevel framework, we hypothesized that both employee perceptions of procedural justice and a work unit level measure of procedural justice context would be associated with employee reports of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. 323 employees from 53 branches of a savings and loan corporation were used to test this hypothesis. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed that procedural justice context explained variance in employee job satisfaction beyond that accounted for by individual perceptions of procedural justice. With regard to organizational commitment, this hypothesis was not supported. The results are discussed in connection with contextual aspects of procedural justice.