Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult Education and the Postmodern Challenge: Learning Beyond the Limits

Introduction Chapter 1. Adult Learning in Postmodernity Chapter 2. Adult Learning for Citizenship Chapter 3. Governmentality and Practice Chapter 4. Disciplines and Disciplinarity: Knowledge and Power Chapter 5. Re-Configuring The 'Other': Self and Experience in Adult Learning Chapter 6. Reconceptualising Theory and Practice Chapter 7. The Reflective Practitioner Re-Visited Chpater 8. Changing Paradigms and Traditions of Research Chapter 9. Overstepping the Limits - New Approaches to Research Chapter 10. Writing and Learning About Research References
Stereotypes and Personalities of Musicians

Abstract Folk fiddle players and Salvation Army brass band members completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI; H. J. Eysenck & S. B. G. Eysenck; 1964) and a questionnaire concerning their opinions about the personality characteristics of orchestral violinists, orchestral brass players, folk fiddlers, and Salvation Army brass band members. The EPI scores of the 2 groups showed a greater neuroticism among string players but not the greater extraversion of brass players found in previous studies on the personalities of musicians. Although participants' views about the personality characteristics of orchestral brass players and orchestral violinists echoed those found in previous research, their views on the Salvation Army (as brass players) and on folk fiddlers (as string players) did not. Results of this study showed that personality differences or stereotypes among musicians are probably determined more by the history and traditions of the group in which they are perceived to be involved than by the .
Homicidal Wives

The population of 56 women arrested in Detroit, Michigan, for killing their husbands during 1982 and 1983 is described in the context of their killings. Descriptions include the demographic and social characteristics of offenders and victims and the circumstances of the offenses. Where feasible, comparisons are made with general populations of homicide offenders.
Thinking Deep and Feeling Good: Cognitive Motivation and Positive Affect in Negotiations

This paper examines how cognitive motivation and positive affect influence outcome in integrative dyadic negotiations. The cognitive motivation and positive affect of sixty-four participants were measured prior to a simulated negotiation. Results showed both cognitive motivation and positive affect to be positively related to outcome. The effects interacted with role (seller or buyer) and differed across levels of analysis. We discuss these results and their implications for further research on cognition and affect in negotiations.
Antigen microarrays identify unique serum autoantibody signatures in clinical and pathologic subtypes of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic relapsing disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which immune processes are believed to play a major role. To date, there is no reliable method by which to characterize the immune processes and their changes associated with different forms of MS and disease progression. We performed antigen microarray analysis to characterize patterns of antibody reactivity in MS serum against a panel of CNS protein and lipid autoantigens and heat shock proteins. Informatic analysis consisted of a training set that was validated on a blinded test set. The results were further validated on an independent cohort of relapsing–remitting (RRMS) samples. We found unique autoantibody patterns that distinguished RRMS, secondary progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS) MS from both healthy controls and other neurologic or autoimmune driven diseases including Alzheimer's disease, adrenoleukodystropy, and lupus erythematosus. RRMS was characterized by autoantibodies to heat shock proteins that were not observed in PPMS or SPMS. In addition, RRMS, SPMS, and PPMS were characterized by unique patterns of reactivity to CNS antigens. Furthermore, we examined sera from patients with different immunopathologic patterns of MS as determined by brain biopsy, and we identified unique antibody patterns to lipids and CNS-derived peptides that were linked to each type of pathology. The demonstration of unique serum immune signatures linked to different stages and pathologic processes in MS provides an avenue to monitor MS and to characterize immunopathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets in the disease.
Constitutively phosphorylated Smad3 interacts with Sp1 and p300 in scleroderma fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smad signalling in the increased expression of the collagen gene in systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts. METHODS Dermal fibroblasts from seven patients with diffuse SSc of recent onset and from seven healthy individuals were studied. The expression levels of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 proteins were determined by immunoblotting. Smad3 phosphorylation and the interaction of Smad3 with Sp1 or p300 were analysed using immunoprecipitation. The effects of overexpression of Smad proteins or Sp1 on the human alpha2(I) collagen gene transcription were investigated with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assays using the -772 COL1A2/CAT construct. RESULTS Constitutive increased Smad3 phosphorylation was detected in SSc fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts. Increased interaction of Smad3 with Sp1 as well as p300 was also detected in SSc fibroblasts. The overexpression of Smad3 caused an increase of up to 5-fold in COL1A2 promoter activity in normal fibroblasts, while Smad3 caused a small increase in COL1A2 promoter activity in SSc fibroblasts. However, neither Smad2 nor Smad4 caused significant effects in COL1A2 promoter activity in normal fibroblasts or SSc fibroblasts. The overexpression of Sp1 caused further increase in COL1A2 promoter activity stimulated by TGF-beta in normal fibroblasts, but did not change COL1A2 promoter activity in the presence of TGF-beta in SSc fibroblasts. The combined overexpression of Smad3 and Sp1 significantly enhanced TGF-beta response in normal fibroblasts, but less markedly in SSc fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that SSc fibroblasts are less sensitive to exogenous TGF-beta stimulation because they are already activated by the autocrine TGF-beta loop.
Do Good Recruits Make Good Cops? Problems Predicting and Measuring Academy and Street-Level Success

The purpose of this study is to extend White’s analysis predicting successful police recruit performance during academy training. Using police personnel data collected on 486 officers hired between 1996 and 2006 by a Midwestern police department, the authors examine characteristics related to academy success as well as active police service. The results show that most demographic and experience variables did not predict academy or active service success. However, White recruits and those scoring higher on the civil service exam consistently performed better on multiple academy outcome measures than their counterparts. In addition, those scoring higher on the overall academy success measure generally received better evaluations from their superiors. The results also show that higher education is not related to any of the measures of academy or on the job success used in these analyses.
Carving the World for Language: How Neuroscientific Research Can Enrich the Study of First and Second Language Learning

Linguistics, psychology, and neuroscience all have rich histories in language research. Crosstalk among these disciplines, as realized in studies of phonology, is pivotal for understanding a fundamental challenge for first and second language learners (SLLs): learning verbs. Linguistic and behavioral research with monolinguals suggests that infants attend to foundational event components (e.g., path, manner). Language then heightens or dampens attention to these components as children map word to world in language-specific ways. Cross-linguistic differences in semantic organization also reveal sources of struggles for SLLs. We discuss how better integrating neuroscience into this literature can unlock additional mysteries of verb learning.
Developments in the Use of the English Present Perfect

This article examines developments in the use of the present perfect (PP) with the auxiliary have in standard British and American English from 1750 to the present day, drawing data from the drama section of A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers (ARCHER). Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine changes in the type of linguistic contexts that favor the choice of the construction over its main competitor, the simple past tense. A number of significant changes were identified, including a stronger tendency for the have-PP to occur in temporally specified and negative contexts, and to become less favored by transitive verbs and events with direct results (e.g., break, kill, lose, arrive). The findings are interpreted as an indication of a slow functional reconfiguration that contours the construction’s continued grammaticalization. It is suggested that there has been, since the Late Modern English period, a gradual shift in the nature of the construction’s “current relevance,” from the persistence of the present result of a past event to the situational constitution of the “extended-now” interval.
The prediction of total body water from bioelectrical impedance in patients with anorexia nervosa

Total body water (TBW) was measured by deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution and predicted from bioelectrical impedance (Z) in nineteen anorexic and twenty-seven control women. The equation of Kushner et al. (1992) based on the impedance index (ZI = height2/Z) gave biases of 0.9 (sd 2.5) and 0.8 (sd 2.5) litres in controls and patients respectively (NS, ANOVA). The ZI-based equation of Deurenberg et al. (1993) gave biases of 1.5 (sd 2.4) litres (NS) and 3.0 (sd 2.1) litres (P <0.001) in controls and patients respectively. Despite the fact that weight was the most powerful predictor of TBW on the study sample (n 46, r2 0.90, P < 0.0001, se of the estimate 1.6 litres, CV 5.7%), the formulas of Segal et al. (1991) and Kushner et al. (1992) based on the association of weight and ZI gave an inaccurate prediction of TBW in both control and anorexic subjects, with a bias ranging from -3.2 (sd 2.4) to 2.9 (sd 2.1) litres (P ≤0.001). Population-specific formulas based on ZI (n 46) gave a more accurate prediction of TBW by bioelectrical impedance analysis on the study subjects, with biases of -0.1 (sd 1.8) and 0.5 (sd 1.7) litres in controls and patients respectively (NS). However, the individual bias was sometimes high. It is concluded that bioelectrical impedance analysis can be used to predict TBW in anorexic women at a population level, but the predictions are less good than those based on body weight alone.
MEL gene polymorphism in the genus Saccharomyces

In Saccharomyces spp. the ability to use melibiose depends on the presence of a MEL gene encoding alpha-galactosidase. We used two cloned MEL genes as probes to characterize the physical structure and chromosomal location of the MEL genes in several industrial and natural Mel+ strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pastorianus, and Saccharomyces bayanus. Electrokaryotyping showed that all of the S. pastorianus strains and most of the S. bayanus strains studied had one MEL locus. The MEL gene in S. bayanus strains was similar but not identical to the S. pastorianus MEL gene. Mel+ S. cerevisiae strains had one to seven loci containing MEL sequences. The MEL genes of these strains could be divided into two categories on the basis of hybridization to MEL1, one group exhibiting strong hybridization to MEL1 and the other group exhibiting weak hybridization to MEL1. In S. pastorianus and S. bayanus strains, the MEL gene was expressed as a single 1.5-kb transcript, and the expression was galactose inducible. In some S. cerevisiae strains, the MEL genes were expressed even without induction at fairly high levels. Expression was usually further induced by galactose. In two strains, CBS 5378 and CBS 4903, expression of the MEL genes was at the same level without induction as it was in most other strains with induction. In all S. cerevisiae strains, irrespective of the number of MEL genes, mRNA of only one size (1.6 kb) was observed.
Cooperative Learning: Prevalence, Conceptualizations, and the Relation Between Research and Practice

This study examined the prevalence, conceptualization, and form of cooperative learning used by elementary school teachers. Responding to a survey, 93% of teachers (n = 85) from six elementary schools in two districts indicated they used cooperative learning. In interviews with a subset of those teachers (n = 21), all indicated having daily cooperative lessons in several subjects. The majority of teachers subscribed to cooperative learning to achieve both academic and social learning goals, structured tasks for positive interdependence, and taught students skills for working in small groups. When we applied criteria for cooperative learning derived from the research literature, few teachers were employing recognized forms of this practice, primarily because they did not tie individual accountability to group goals. Implications for communication between researcher-developers and teachers are discussed.
Parasite burdens differ between sympatric three‐spined stickleback species

The ecological theory of adaptive radiation states that differences in ecological circumstances among local populations are the cause of divergence that leads to speciation. The role of parasites in contributing to divergence has seldom been considered, despite their ubiquity and known selective effects. The potential for parasites to contribute to divergence between closely related taxa was examined by quantifying the variation in parasite burdens between sympatric three-spined stickleback species (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) in two lakes in coastal British Columbia, Canada. In doing so the relative importance of geographical differences between lakes and trophic or microhabitat differences between species within lakes were evaluated. The entire metazoan parasite burdens of a total of 255 limnetic and benthic sticklebacks in Paxton and Priest lakes were assayed over five time points between spring and autumn. Despite their sympatric distributions, there were large differences in parasite burdens between benthic and limnetic sticklebacks within lakes and these were consistent across both lakes. In particular, limnetics suffered greater burdens of the parasites Schistocephalus solidus and Diplostomum scudderi and benthics had much higher burdens of parasitic glochidia (mollusc larvae). Parasite burdens also differed quantitatively between lakes, but in general such differences were less pronounced than those between the stickleback species. The documented differences in parasite burdens between stickleback species have potential to contribute to divergent selection on life history, immunological and secondary sexual characters that could contribute to reproductive isolation between the species.
HabitualMyo fi brillarProteinSynthesis IsNormal in Patients with Upper GI Cancer Cachexia

Purpose: Skeletal muscle wasting and weight loss are characteristic features of cancer cachexia and contribute to impaired function, increased morbidity, and poor tolerance of chemotherapy. This study used a novel technique to measure habitual myofibrillar protein synthesis in patients with cancer compared with healthy controls. Experimental design:An oral heavy water (87.5 g deuterium oxide) tracer was administered as a single dose. Serum samples were taken over the subsequent week followed by a quadriceps muscle biopsy. Deuterium enrichment was measured in body water, serum alanine, and alanine in the myofibrillar component of muscle using gas chromatography–pyrolysis– isotope ratio mass spectrometry and the protein synthesis rate calculated from the rate of tracer incorporation. Net change in muscle mass over the preceding 3 months was calculated from serial CT scans and allowed estimation of protein breakdown. Results: Seven healthy volunteers, 6 weight-stable, and 7 weight-losing ( 5% weight loss) patients undergoing surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancer were recruited. Serial CT scans were available in 10 patients, who lost skeletal muscle mass preoperatively at a rate of 5.6%/100 days. Myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic ratewas 0.058%, 0.061%, and0.073%/hour in controls, weight-stable, and weight-losing patients, respectively. Weightlosing patients hadhigher synthetic rates than controls (P1⁄40.03). Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, there was no evidence of suppression of myofibrillar protein synthesis in patients with cancer cachexia. Our finding implies a small increase in muscle breakdown may account for muscle wasting. Clin Cancer Res; 1–7. 2014 AACR.
Characterization of comE, a late competence operon of Bacillus subtilis required for the binding and uptake of transforming DNA

The binding and transport of DNA by competent Bacillus subtilis requires the assembly of a specialized apparatus. We present here the characterization of comE, an operon under competence control that is required for both DNA binding to the competent ceil surface, and for uptake. comE contains three open reading frames (0RF1‐3) read in the forward direction, preceded by a long untranslated leader sequence and an apparent EσA promoter. A minor promoter also is responsible for transcription of ORF2 and ‐3. A transcript containing a single ORF is produced in the reverse direction. The reverse ORF overlaps ORF1 and the untranslated comE leader. The comE transcript is present at a very low level during growth and at an elevated level in stationary‐phase cells. Converseiy, the reverse transcript is present during exponential growth and disappears during stationary phase. The reverse ORF resembles prokaryotic and eukaryotic pyrroiine‐5‐carboxylate reductases, while ORF2 is similar to several dCMP deaminases. 0RF1 and 0RF3 are predicted to be integral membrane proteins. The latter is specifically required for DNA uptake but not for binding.
Percepción del profesorado sobre concepciones profesionales ante la diversidad cultural escolar

We present a study whose purpose was to identify the perception and professional concepts which the primary school teachers have about intercultural education. Currently, cultural diversity is a characteristic of our society that is manifested in our schools, it is necessary to opt for an intercultural education as a pedagogical approach most appropriate to meet the multicultural reality of our society. In this sense, the teacher plays a key role in implementing the intercultural model. This research was conducted from a sample of 107 teachers in 15 schools distributed by Murcia (Spain), having used a methodological approach of quantitative descriptive survey type and used as a tool for gathering information, a questionnaire, with the aim of extracting the maximum information. The study reveals that there are multiple ways to understand and undertake intercultural education from the perspective of teachers from classrooms and schools.
Campanulaceae: a family with small seeds that require light for germination.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Campanulaceae is a large cosmopolitan family, but is understudied in terms of germination, and seed biology in general. Small seed mass (usually in the range 10-200 µg) is a noteworthy trait of the family, and having small seeds is commonly associated with a light requirement. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light on germination in 131 taxa of the Campanulaceae family, from all five continents of its distribution. METHODS For all taxa, seed germination was tested in light (8 or 12 h photoperiod) and continuous darkness under constant and alternating temperatures. For four taxa, the effect of light on germination was examined over a wide range of temperatures on a thermogradient plate, and the possible substitution of the light requirement by gibberellic acid and nitrate was examined in ten taxa. KEY RESULTS For all 131 taxa, seed germination was higher in light than in darkness for every temperature tested. Across species, the light requirement decreased significantly with increasing seed mass. For larger seeded species, germination in the dark reached higher levels under alternating than under constant temperatures. Gibberellic acid promoted germination in darkness whereas nitrates partially substituted for a light requirement only in species showing some dark germination. CONCLUSIONS A light requirement for germination, observed in virtually all taxa examined, constitutes a collective characteristic of the family. It is postulated that smaller seeded taxa might germinate only on the soil surface or at shallow depths, while larger seeded species might additionally germinate when buried in the soil if cued to do so by fluctuating temperatures.
"Dealing" Culture

The individual who engages in the distribution of psychedelic drugs on a regular basis is usually described by his customers as a ’dealer’. ’ In this paper I argue that there have been a number of important changes in the marketing of psychedelics over the past decade. The most significant of these changes has been the emergence of a coherent set of understandings and codes of behaviour that drug sellers share in common and actively employ to manage their practical business affairs, evaluate the relevance of these activities and locate their identity within the drug scene. This body of knowledge forms the basis of what might be called a ’dealing’ culture (Becker, 1963; Cavan, 1972).
Transitional Employment: an evaluative description of Fountain House practice

The present study is a record-based evaluative description of Transitional Employment (TE) in Fountain House, New York. The study sample (n = 295) consisted of members entering Fountain House between 1988 and 1993 who participated in TE. Of the 720 TEPs worked during this period, 420 (58%) were held by a single member for over 3 months and 253 (35%) were held by a single member for over 6 months. Seventy-four percent of the sample had 3-month tenure on at least one TEP, and 54% of the sample had 6-month tenure on at least one TEP during the study period. Length of tenure in TE was significantly related to time spent in Fountain House programs, primarily the Work-Ordered Day, prior to employment: an analysis of member attendance records at Fountain House programs revealed that those members who spent more time in Fountain House before beginning a TEP worked more days on their first TEP. This finding conflicts with research suggesting that unpaid prevocational work is a poor predictor of paid work performance.