Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ambivalent Partners: Power, Trust, and Partnership in Relationships between Mothers and Teachers in a Full-Time Child Care Center

Background/Context There is much rhetoric regarding “parents and teachers as partners” despite little evidence that such partnerships, as described in the early childhood education literature, actually develop. The literature on parent-teacher partnerships does not examine parents’ and teachers’ interactions or what those interactions mean to them. Purpose This study focuses on the daily exchanges between mothers and teachers in a child care center during drop-off and pick-up times. In so doing, it examines aspects of parent-teacher partnerships and parent involvement that are absent in the current literature. Setting The setting for the study was an ethnically and economically diverse child care center in a large East coast city serving children from the ages of 2 to 5. Participants Participation in the study was voluntary in terms of interviewing and videotape recording; all mothers and teachers were observed. Thirteen mothers participated fully in the study. All of the staff agreed to be videotaped. I interviewed 12 of the 17 permanent staff members. Research Design The study was an ethnographic case study of mother-teacher relationships in a toddler room of a child care center. Embedded within the study was a microethnographic video analysis of mother-teacher interactions in the classroom during morning drop-off and evening pickup times. Fieldwork was conducted over the course of 1 year. Findings/Results The findings suggest that mothers and teachers in the center were “ambivalent partners. ” In interactions with teachers, mothers’ trust in the child care arrangement was at stake. They looked to the teachers to provide them with information about their children which bolstered their trust in the center and made them feel connected to their child's experience. Teachers were less invested in trusting parents, and they appeared relatively unaware of how much power they had in their interactions with parents. Conclusions/Recommendations I found little evidence of mothers and teachers working as partners in the care of their children. Given the fluctuating power dynamic in parent-teacher relationships and the necessity of trust for parents, the development of partnership was framed in ambivalence. Mothers and teachers come to the table with different expectations, knowledge, and needs, but also with a desire to work together. That interest in working together could be fostered by the child care institution by structuring more time for parents and teachers to interact and by providing support and training for teachers in their relations with parents.
Learning-Based Shadow Recognition and Removal From Monochromatic Natural Images

This paper addresses the problem of recognizing and removing shadows from monochromatic natural images from a learning-based perspective. Without chromatic information, shadow recognition and removal are extremely challenging in this paper, mainly due to the missing of invariant color cues. Natural scenes make this problem even harder due to the complex illumination condition and ambiguity from many near-black objects. In this paper, a learning-based shadow recognition and removal scheme is proposed to tackle the challenges above-mentioned. First, we propose to use both shadow-variant and invariant cues from illumination, texture, and odd order derivative characteristics to recognize shadows. Such features are used to train a classifier via boosting a decision tree and integrated into a conditional random field, which can enforce local consistency over pixel labels. Second, a Gaussian model is introduced to remove the recognized shadows from monochromatic natural scenes. The proposed scheme is evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative results based on a novel database of hand-labeled shadows, with comparisons to the existing state-of-the-art schemes. We show that the shadowed areas of a monochromatic image can be accurately identified using the proposed scheme, and high-quality shadow-free images can be precisely recovered after shadow removal.
Organizational Behavior: Foundations, Realities and Challenges

Organizational Behavior clearly illustrates how a sound understanding of organizational behavior can help students successfully navigate the complexities of today's organizations. The text itself is grounded in the theory of the field, cultivating an understanding of the scientific foundation of organization behavior. That foundation is then applied to the contemporary realities of today's business environment through in depth and insightful explorations of some of today's most compelling organizations. Throughout the text students are challenged to think critically about the material at hand and their own attitudes, refining the organization behavior tools that they will continually develop and employ throughout their careers. The prevailing theme of the text is change and the demands it places on people and organizations to grow and adjust while maintaining well being in an environment of constant and rapid change. Expertly written with a vibrant illustrations and design, Organizational Behavior, Fourth Edition is sure to engage your students.
Institutional deliveries weakly associated with improved neonatal survival in developing countries: evidence from 192 Demographic and Health Surveys.

BACKGROUND Child and maternal mortality remain high in many developing countries. A principal strategy used in low- and middle-income countries is increasing the proportion of pregnancies delivered at facilities. Although this strategy is reasonable with high quality facilities, evidence for the protective effects of facility deliveries is mixed. METHODS We pooled 1.47 million birth records collected by the Demographic and Health Surveys to estimate the association between institutional deliveries and early neonatal mortality. Subsample analysis and instrumental variable estimation were used to assess and correct the extent to which mortality differentials are biased by an increased likelihood of facility attendance for high-risk deliveries. RESULTS No associations between institutional deliveries and early neonatal mortality were found in the pooled sample [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.995, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.966-1.025)]. When stratified by facility type, protective effects were found for private facilities (aOR 0.876, 95% CI 0.840-0.914), but not for public hospitals or health centres. Significant protective effects were found when past behaviour was used to eliminate selection bias generated by short-term responses to medical need (aOR 0.884, 95% CI 0.814-0.961). At the community and country levels, strong positive associations were found between early neonatal mortality among facility deliveries and the prevalence of institutional deliveries. CONCLUSION Facility deliveries have the potential to reduce early neonatal mortality in developing countries. The results presented suggest that the quality, utilization and protective effects of institutional deliveries vary widely across countries; major improvements in both utilization and quality of care will be needed to achieve further improvements in maternal and child health.
The new, dissolving patency capsule: a safe and effective tool to avoid the complication of retained video capsules.

of TW, the incidence of WD is very low, suggesting specific underlying humoral and cellular host immune defects. Decreased production of interleukin (IL)-12, IL-2, and interferon (IFN)-g accompanied by an increased secretion of IL-4 are the main features of this defective immunologic response. Immunosuppressive therapy alters the intestinal barrier function and may facilitate bacterial transmigration and replication. Although corticosteriods and other immunosuppressants have been associated with the exacerbation of WD, the temporal relationship between the initiation of leflunomide and the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms in our patient lend support to the hypothesis, that a particular underlying immune defect together with further inhibition of immune defense mechanisms by leflunomide facilitated the dissemination of TW. Several mechanisms may have contributed to the exacerbation of WD: leflunomide is an immunomodulatory drug, suppressing the activity of immune cells by inhibiting a key enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine. Moreover, experimental data provide evidence that leflunomide inhibits tumor necrosis factor-a synthesis—a pathomechanism that has recently been suggested to be involved in the exacerbation of WD. In conclusion, the rapid clinical deterioration was most likely caused by the exacerbation of subclinical WD facilitated by immunosuppressive therapy with lefluomide. Whether its tumor necrosis factor-a blocking properties are causally involved remains to be elucidated. Thus, WD should be carefully ruled out before initiating leflunomide-based immunosuppressive therapy in patients with presumptive AOSD.
Antithrombotic potential of the contact activation pathway

Purpose of reviewThis report examines the mechanism(s) by which each protein of the contact activation system – factor XII (FXII), high-molecular-weight kininogen, and prekallikrein – influences thrombosis risk. Recent findingsFXII generates thrombin through contact activation via interaction with artificial surfaces as on medical instruments such as indwelling catheters, mechanical valves, stents, and ventricular assist devices. Inhibition of FXIIa-mediated contact activation prevents thrombosis under contact activation circumstances without affecting hemostasis. Current studies suggest that high-molecular-weight kininogen deficiency parallels that of FXII and inhibits contact activation. Prekallikrein inhibition contributes to thrombosis prevention by contact activation inhibition in the nylon monofilament model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, in arterial thrombosis models where reactive oxygen species are generated, prekallikrein deficiency results in downregulation of vessel wall tissue factor generation with reduced thrombin generation. Exploiting this latter prekallikrein pathway for thrombosis risk reduction provides a general, overall reduced tissue factor, antithrombotic pathway without risk for bleeding. SummaryThese investigations indicate that the proteins of the contact activation and kallikrein/kinin systems influence thrombosis risk by several mechanisms and understanding of these pathway provides insight into several novel targets to prevent thrombosis without increase in bleeding risk.
A case of acantholytic dermatosis of the vulva with features of pemphigus vegetans

We report an unusual case of vulvar acantholytic dermatosis with features of pemphigus vegetans in a 22‐year‐old Indian girl who presented with a “warty” lesion in her left labium majus. Following excision of this lesion, she presented with 2 localized recurrent lesions on the left and right labia majora about 21/2 years later which were also excised. All 3 biopsies showed histological features typical of pemphigus which included extensive suprabasal acautholysis with bullae formation, prominent villus‐like processes at the base of the bullae, focal hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis, and the occasional mixed neutrophil and eosinophilic intraepidermal abscess. IgG and C3 immunofluorescence was positive in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis. These lesions, which probably represent a form of pemphigus vegetans, have not been previously reported as a cause of localized vulvar acantholytic dermatosis.
Comparative Functional Genomics and the Bovine Macrophage Response to Strains of the Mycobacterium Genus

Mycobacterial infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in cattle and are also potential zoonotic agents with implications for human health. Despite the implementation of comprehensive animal surveillance programs, many mycobacterial diseases have remained recalcitrant to eradication in several industrialized countries. Two major mycobacterial pathogens of cattle are Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and Johne’s disease (JD), respectively. BTB is a chronic, granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract that is spread via aerosol transmission, while JD is a chronic granulomatous disease of the intestines that is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Although these diseases exhibit differential tissue tropism and distinct complex etiologies, both M. bovis and MAP infect, reside, and replicate in host macrophages – the key host innate immune cell that encounters mycobacterial pathogens after initial exposure and mediates the subsequent immune response. The persistence of M. bovis and MAP in macrophages relies on a diverse series of immunomodulatory mechanisms, including the inhibition of phagosome maturation and apoptosis, generation of cytokine-induced necrosis enabling dissemination of infection through the host, local pathology, and ultimately shedding of the pathogen. Here, we review the bovine macrophage response to infection with M. bovis and MAP. In particular, we describe how recent advances in functional genomics are shedding light on the host macrophage–pathogen interactions that underlie different mycobacterial diseases. To illustrate this, we present new analyses of previously published bovine macrophage transcriptomics data following in vitro infection with virulent M. bovis, the attenuated vaccine strain M. bovis BCG, and MAP, and discuss our findings with respect to the differing etiologies of BTB and JD.
Decomposable Nonlocal Tensor Dictionary Learning for Multispectral Image Denoising

As compared to the conventional RGB or gray-scale images, multispectral images (MSI) can deliver more faithful representation for real scenes, and enhance the performance of many computer vision tasks. In practice, however, an MSI is always corrupted by various noises. In this paper we propose an effective MSI denoising approach by combinatorially considering two intrinsic characteristics underlying an MSI: the nonlocal similarity over space and the global correlation across spectrum. In specific, by explicitly considering spatial self-similarity of an MSI we construct a nonlocal tensor dictionary learning model with a group-block-sparsity constraint, which makes similar full-band patches (FBP) share the same atoms from the spatial and spectral dictionaries. Furthermore, through exploiting spectral correlation of an MSI and assuming over-redundancy of dictionaries, the constrained nonlocal MSI dictionary learning model can be decomposed into a series of unconstrained low-rank tensor approximation problems, which can be readily solved by off-the-shelf higher order statistics. Experimental results show that our method outperforms all state-of-the-art MSI denoising methods under comprehensive quantitative performance measures.
Essentials of WISC-IV Assessment

Series Preface xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Acknowledgments xvii One Introduction and Overview 1 Two How to Administer the WAIS-IV 53 Three How to Score the WAIS-IV 98 Four How to Interpret the WAIS-IV: Conceptual and Clinical Foundations 119 Five How to Interpret the WAIS-IV: Step-by-Step 150 Six Clinical Applications I: A Neuropsychological Approach to Interpretation of the WAIS-IV and the Use of the WAIS-IV in Learning Disability Assessments 216 George McCloskey, Emily S. Hartz, and Katherine Scipioni Seven Clinical Applications II: Age and Intelligence Across the Adult Life Span 254 Eight Clinical Applications III: WAIS-IV Use With Special Groups, Practice Effects, and Gender Differences 299 Nine Strengths and Weaknesses of the WAIS-IV 332 Ron Dumont and John O. Willis Ten Illustrative Case Reports 353 Eleven The Initial Digital Adaptation of the WAIS-IV 389 Tommie G. Cayton, Dustin Wahlstrom, and Mark H. Daniel References 427 Annotated Bibliography 445 About the Authors 448 Author Index 449 Subject Index 455 About the CD-ROM 472
Alcohol, drugs, and risky sexual behavior are related to HIV infection in female adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To examine associations between risk factors for HIV infection in a sample of young women who sought HIV testing in a city of southern Brazil. METHOD Cross-sectional study with a consecutive convenience sample of 258 female adolescents aged 13 to 20 years evaluated in an anonymous testing site for HIV and sexually transmitted diseases in Brazil. Risk behavior for HIV was assessed with the Brazilian version of the Risk Assessment Battery and HIV status was assessed through ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). RESULTS Overall seropositivity rate was 7.4%. HIV-seropositive patients had significantly more sexual intercourse in exchange for money, higher rates of pregnancy and abortion, as well as earlier sexual debut. In multiple analyses with the inclusion of two composite variables (sex risk and drug risk), only drug risk was associated with positive HIV status (OR=4.178; IC 95%=1.476-11.827). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that high HIV seropositivity among female adolescents seeking HIV testing in Brazil directly reflects the need for effective interventions specifically designed to prevent risk behaviors in order to halt the spread of HIV infection.
What About the Kids?

ABSTRACT Although rhetoric about family-centered services and breaking the cycle of intergenerational poverty has survived many failed public welfare strategies, few meaningful collaborative efforts between school systems and the public welfare system have emerged. The following case study describes the processes in which a county DSS director successfully engaged the school system to change the educational trajectories of its children in poverty by using the university as a bridge partner. Capitalizing on the freedom associated with using block grant funds for innovative programs, the collaborating partners redefined the relationship between the two systems through a common goal. Successes, barriers, practice implications and lessons learned are identified and discussed in the case example.
Episodic Future Thought

The ability to mentally simulate hypothetical scenarios is a rapidly growing area of research in both psychology and neuroscience. Episodic future thought, or the ability to simulate specific personal episodes that may potentially occur in the future, represents one facet of this general capacity that continues to garner a considerable amount of interest. The purpose of this article is to elucidate current knowledge and identify a number of unresolved issues regarding this specific mental ability. In particular, this article focuses on recent research findings from neuroimaging, neuropsychology, and clinical psychology that have demonstrated a close relation between episodic future thought and the ability to remember personal episodes from one’s past. On the other hand, considerations of the role of abstracted (semantic) representations in episodic future thought have been noticeably absent in the literature. The final section of this article proposes that both episodic and semantic memory play an important role in the construction of episodic future thoughts and that their interaction in this process may be determined by the relative accessibility of information in memory.
Socialization of Children’s Vicarious Emotional Responding and Prosocial Behavior: Relations With Mothers' Perceptions of Children's Emotional Reactivity

We examined mother-child emotion-related interactions and how these interactions related to mothers' perceptions of children's emotional reactivity. Mothers of 49 kindergartners and 54 2nd graders told their children 2 stories about distressed others. Children's emotional, physiological, and prosocial responses were also obtained. Mothers rated children's tendencies to become emotional when exposed to distressed others. For kindergartners, mothers' perceptions of children's emotional reactivity were positively related to her use of positive facial expressions. Mothers' perceptions of 2nd graders' emotional reactivity were inversely related to maternal responsiveness. For both age groups, children's skin conductance was inversely related to helpfulness
A Developmental Change in NMDA Receptor-Associated Proteins at Hippocampal Synapses

The membrane-associated guanylate kinases [Chapsyn-110/postsynaptic density-93 (PSD-93), synapse-associated protein-90 (SAP-90)/PSD-95, and SAP-102] are believed to cluster and anchor NMDA receptors at the synapse and to play a role in signal transduction. We have investigated the developmental changes in expression of these proteins in rat hippocampus using biochemical analyses and quantitative immunogold electron microscopy. At postnatal day 2 (P2), SAP-102 was highly expressed, whereas PSD-93 and PSD-95 were low. SAP-102 expression increased during the first week, stayed stable through P35, and showed a reduced expression at 6 months. From P2 through 6 months, PSD-93 and PSD-95 increased. For PSD-95, the percent of labeled synapses increased almost threefold with age, whereas the number of gold particles per labeled synapse did not change significantly, suggesting that the increase in PSD-95 is attributable primarily to an increase in the number of synapses containing PSD-95. In contrast, for SAP-102, both percent labeled synapses and the number of gold particles per labeled synapse decreased during this time. From Western blots of hippocampus and immunogold analysis of CA1 synapses, the high expression of NR2B at P2 coincides with the high level of SAP-102 at synapses, whereas the later expression of NR2A coincides with that of PSD-93 and PSD-95. To determine whether the changes in PSD-93/95 and SAP-102 reflect preferred associations with NR2A and NR2B, respectively, we measured co-immunoprecipitation in the adult hippocampus. These studies suggest that there is a preference for complexes of NR2A/PSD-93/95 and NR2B/SAP-102. These results indicate that individual receptor-associated proteins may have specific functions that are critical to synapse development.