Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noncoherent Ungerboeck-type trellis-coded MPSK

Trellis-coded MPSK proposed by Ungerboeck is noncoherently catastrophic. In this paper, we propose a new scheme in which Ungerboeck-type trellis-coded MPSK is not a noncoherently catastrophic code. In the proposed scheme, a particularly designed differential encoder is added in front of the trellis encoder such that noncoherently-equivalent code sequences correspond to the same data bits. With this differential encoder, trellis-coded MPSK proposed by Ungerboeck is no longer noncoherently catastrophic and thus achieve better error performance. Moreover, new trellis codes which have better bit error rate than Ungerboeckpsilas codes for the proposed scheme are found by computers.
Explaining Paradoxical Relations Between Academic Self-Concepts and Achievements: Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Internal/External Frame of Reference Predictions Across 26 Countries.

The internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model explains a seemingly paradoxical pattern of relations between math and verbal self-concepts and corresponding measures of achievement, extends social comparison theory, and has important educational implications. In a cross-cultural study of nationally representative samples of 15-year-olds from 26 countries (total N = 55,577), I/E predictions were supported in that (a) math and verbal achievements were highly correlated, but math and verbal self-concepts were nearly uncorrelated; (b) math achievement had positive effects on math self-concept, but negative effects on verbal self-concept; and (c) verbal achievement had positive effects on verbal self-concept, but negative effects on math self-concept. Supporting the cross-cultural generalizability of predictions, multigroup structural equation models demonstrated good support for the generalizability of results across 26 countries participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment project sponsored by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Beyond the Quick and Dirty: Problems Associated with Analyses Based on Small Samples of Large Ecological Aggregates: Reply to Girard

1973. Census of the Population: 1970. Vol. 1. Characteristics of the Population, pt. 1. United States Summary. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1980. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1980. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1981. U.S. Census of the Population. Supplementary Reports. Race of the Population by States: 1980. PC80-S1-3. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1983a. 1980 Census of the Population. Vol. 1. Characteristics of the Population, chap. B, General Characteristics of the Population, pt. 1. United States Summary. PC-1-B1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1983b. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1984. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
Role of the N-Terminal Region in G Protein–Coupled Receptor Functions: Negative Modulation Revealed by 5-HT2B Receptor Polymorphisms

The putative role of the N-terminal region of rhodopsin-like 7 transmembrane biogenic amine receptors in agonist-induced signaling has not yet been clarified despite recent advances in 7 transmembrane receptor structural biology. Given the existence of N-terminal nonsynonymous polymorphisms (R6G;E42G) within the HTR2B gene in a drug-abusing population, we assessed whether these polymorphisms affect 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor in vitro pharmacologic and coupling properties in transfected COS-7 cells. Modification of the 5-HT2B receptor N terminus by the R6G;E42G polymorphisms increases such agonist signaling pathways as inositol phosphate accumulation as assessed by either classic or operational models. The N-terminal R6G;E42G mutations of the 5-HT2B receptor also increase cell proliferation and slow its desensitization kinetics compared with the wild-type receptor, further supporting a role for the N terminus in transduction efficacy. Furthermore, by coexpressing a tethered wild-type 5-HT2B receptor N terminus with a 5-HT2B receptor bearing a N-terminal deletion, we were able to restore original coupling. This reversion to normal activity of a truncated 5-HT2B receptor by coexpression of the membrane-tethered wild-type 5-HT2B receptor N terminus was not observed using a membrane-tethered 5-HT2B receptor R6G;E42G N terminus. These data suggest that the N terminus exerts a negative control over basal as well as agonist-stimulated receptor activity that is lost in the R6G;E42G mutant. Our findings reveal a new and unanticipated role of the 5-HT2B receptor N terminus as a negative modulator, affecting both constitutive and agonist-stimulated activity. Moreover, our data caution against excluding the N terminus and extracellular loops in structural studies of this 7 transmembrane receptor family.
Flow Among Musicians

“Flow” is a highly coveted yet elusive state of mind that is characterized by complete absorption in the task at hand as well as by enhanced skilled performance. Unfortunately, because most measures of this construct have been developed in physical activity and sport settings, little is known about the applicability of flow scales to the experiences of performers in other domains such as music. To fill this gap in the research literature, the present study had two objectives. First, we investigated the psychometric adequacy of the Dispositional Flow Scale–2 (DFS-2) for a large sample (n = 205) of musicians. In addition, we examined the experience of flow among amateur and elite music students. Results indicated that the DFS-2 is a generally reliable and factorially-sound measure of flow and that flow states are experienced quite frequently by music students. Nevertheless, the results also raise questions about the validity of certain subscales of this test (e.g., merging of action and awareness, loss of self-consciousness). The theoretical and practical significance of these findings is discussed and suggestions are provided for future research on flow.
Comparing Problem-Based Learning and Traditional Instruction in High School Economics

Abstract The potential differences in the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional instructional approaches regarding high school students' attainment of economics concepts and principles and attitude toward learning economics were examined. The authors also considered potential interactions between learning outcomes in PBL and traditional instructional contexts and differences in students' academic ability, entering knowledge of economics, attitude toward economics, negative feelings after failure, preferred level of task difficulty, and behavioral response to failure. No differences between PBL and traditional classes were found regarding unit-specific student learning outcomes, although there was a difference in changes in general economics knowledge measured at the beginning and end of the semester, with the traditional classes learning more.
Stress signaling: coregulation of hemoglobin and male sex determination through a terpenoid signaling pathway in a crustacean

SUMMARY Environmental signals can activate neuro-endocrine cascades that regulate various physiological processes. In the present study, we demonstrate that two responses to environmental stress signaling in the crustacean Daphnia magna - hemoglobin accumulation and male offspring production - are co-elevated by the crustacean terpenoid hormone methyl farnesoate and several synthetic analogs. Potency of the hormones with respect to the induction of both hemoglobin and male offspring was highly correlated, suggesting that both processes are regulated by the same terpenoid signaling pathway. Six clones of the D. pulex/pulicaria species complex that were previously characterized as unable to produce male offspring and five clones that were capable of producing males were evaluated for both hemoglobin induction and male offspring production in response to methyl farnesoate. Four of the five male-producing clones produced both hemoglobin and male offspring in response to the hormone. Five of the six non-male-producing clones produced neither hemoglobin nor males in response to the hormone. These results provide additional evidence that both physiological processes are regulated by the same signaling pathway. Furthermore, the results indicate that the non-male-producing clones are largely defective in some methyl farnesoate signaling component, downstream from methyl farnesoate synthesis but upstream from the genes regulated by the hormone. A likely candidate for the site of the defect is the methyl farnesoate receptor. As a consequence of this defect, non-male-producing clones have lost their responsiveness to environmental signals that are transduced by this endocrine pathway. This defect in signaling would be likely to enhance population growth in stable environments due to the elimination of males from the population, assuming that other processes critical to population growth are not also compromised by this defect.
‘I don’t know what I am doing!’: Surfacing struggles of managerial identity work

Recent work contends that management education provides an important space for managers’ identity work. However, it is also recognised that much of what is currently offered constrains rather than enables managers’ identity work. Against this background, I present material which provides important practical possibilities to managers for more realistic and helpful forms of identity work, and theoretically, also add to the development of a more nuanced understanding of managerial identity work processes. Drawing on interviews with a range of managers, I offer rare empirical evidence, which illustrates the ordinarily suppressed emotional struggles of the mismatch between social identities of manager and self-identities. In this way, I contribute to current theoretical offerings to demonstrate the centrality of emotions to processes of becoming. In turn, I propose that exploration of these emotions offers management educators important possibilities for facilitating managers’ identity work.
Long-time asymptotics for nonlinear growth-fragmentation equations

We are interested in the long-time asymptotic behavior of growth-fragmentation equations with a nonlinear growth term. We present examples for which we can prove either the convergence to a steady state or conversely the existence of periodic solutions. Thanks the General Relative Entropy method applied to well chosen self-similar solutions, we show that the equation can ''asymptotically'' be reduced to a system of ODEs. Then stability results are proved by using a Lyapunov functional, and existence of periodic solutions are proved thanks to the Poincare-Bendixon theorem or by Hopf bifurcation.
Online network size, efficacy, and opinion expression: Assessing the impacts of internet use in China

The severe internet censorship implemented in China naturally raises substantial doubt about the potential democratic functions of the internet. This study presents some initial empirical evidence for internet use's impact on online opinion expression in Mainland China by analyzing three survey datasets collected by the World Internet Project in 2003, 2005, and 2007. Results reveal a positive relationship between internet use and online expression. The positive association is partially mediated by online network size, but not necessarily by internet efficacy. Although government censorship has in a measure successfully stifled people's; willingness to speak out, it is argued that the networking function of the internet could still bring incremental changes to the Chinese society through constructing loosely structured networks.
The Role of Secondary Data in Combining Methodological Approaches

This paper contains a plea for the greater use of numeric secondary data as a routine part of all studies, whatever their primary method. It starts with a rehearsal of the current poor public image of UK educational research, and some of the possible reasons for that. This rehearsal includes consideration of the limitations in some examples of influential work by established researchers. The paper continues with a summary of the reasons for using secondary data, and one example of a project based solely on secondary data. It concludes that the purportedly poor quality of some UK educational research, allied to the potential of secondary data, might actually empower novice researchers, enabling them to critique established work and to conduct powerful and informative analyses of their own.
Long-term intensive insulin therapy for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical usefulness of long-term intensive insulin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Various clinical indicators and potential of withdrawal from insulin therapy were investigated in 20 type 2 diabetic patients receiving treatment in the outpatient clinic over a period of 8 years after starting intensive insulin therapy between April 1997 and March 1999. RESULTS The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was approximately 6.5%, and there was no significant increase in insulin dose over a period of 8 years after commencement of intensive insulin therapy. Withdrawal from insulin therapy could be sustained in previously untreated patients. CONCLUSION Our results indicated the clinical usefulness of intensive insulin therapy over the long term in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and that such therapy could be especially useful for previously untreated patients.
Training Needs of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors for Contemporary Practice

In order to meet the demands of today's rehabilitation counseling practice environments effectively, rehabilitation counselors must be well prepared in traditional, as well as emerging, knowledge areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the training needs of certified rehabilitation counselors practicing in a variety of settings by identifying knowledge areas perceived by counselors as important for which they also reported limited preparation levels. Results of the analysis revealed 23 knowledge areas in which a critical training need was identified across all settings. Training needs for each of the three primary practice settings (public, proprietary, and nonprofit) are also provided. Implications for practice, preservice preparation, and professional development are discussed.
Estructura factorial de la escala de ansiedad social para niños-revisada (SASC-R)

The present study was proposed as a revision about the burnout process. The incidence of the organizational factors in development of burnout was analyzed, as well as it relationship to perceived health reports. Assumption of sense of coherence (SC) as a mediator in the process was analyzed. Data were collected from 115 Primary School teachers using the CBP, the OLQ, and a symptomatology questionnaire which one collects information about physical and psychological symptoms. Regression analysis identified work environment stressors on the basis of the burnout syndrome. It was notable the relationship between role stress and teacher burnout, specifically by means of the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout. Both (role stress and emotional exhaustion), were strong predictors of reported health problems. Moreover, sense of coherence (SC) was identified as an important mediator in the process, especially by means of it three composing dimensions.
Exploring the relationship among learning patterns, personality traits, and academic performance in freshmen

Providing information about how 1st-year students learn may help colleges plan actions aimed at increasing students' persistence in higher education programs. This research aims to assess 1st-year students' academic performance, using a path analysis to establish inter-correlations among students' personality traits, learning patterns, high school achievement, and objectively measured outcomes. Participants included 509 freshmen from different academic disciplines. Results show a causality relations model in which Conscientiousness positively influences Sequential and Precise learning patterns as well as academic performance. The path model also confirms Extraversion as a negative antecedent of the Technical learning pattern. It is argued that knowing students is a primary step to putting them in a position to become an active part of the learning process.
A CFAR adaptive subspace detector for second-order Gaussian signals

We study the problem of detecting subspace signals described by the Second-Order Gaussian (SOG) model in the presence of noise whose covariance structure and level are both unknown. Such a detection problem is often called Gauss-Gauss problem in that both the signal and the noise are assumed to have Gaussian distributions. We propose adaptive detectors for the SOG model signals based on a single observation and multiple observations. With a single observation, the detector can be derived in a manner similar to that of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), but the unknown covariance structure is replaced by sample covariance matrix based on training data. The proposed detectors are constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors. As a comparison, we also derive adaptive detectors for the First-Order Gaussian (FOG) model based on multiple observations under the same noise condition as for the SOG model. With a single observation, the seemingly ad hoc CFAR detector for the SOG model is a true GLRT in that it has the same form as the GLRT CFAR detector for the FOG model. We give an approximate closed form of the probability of detection and false alarm in this case. Furthermore, we study the proposed CFAR detectors and compute the performance curves.
The Importance of Justice Perceptions on Pay Effectiveness: A Two-Year Study of a Skill-Based Pay Plan

We conducted a survey across a two-year period to examine the attitudinal effects of skill-based pay (SBP) plans in a consumer products company in the Northeast region of the United States. We examined the relationship between SBP plan characteristics and employees’ evaluation of (and reactions to) the pay system; fairness perceptions were considered as the explanatory mediating variable. The results demonstrate that SBP plans, which provide training and are better understood and communicated, will lead to an increased general perception of fairness which, in turn, will lead to more positive evaluations of the plans a year later. Implications for the relationships between fairness perception and pay system design are discussed.
Exaggerated pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in older men

What is the central question of this study? Pulmonary arterial pressure is higher in older than younger humans and predicts mortality. It is also increased by acute hypoxia, which causes constriction of the pulmonary vasculature. We asked whether this pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia is greater in older humans. What is the main finding and its importance? Using Doppler echocardiography in 12 younger (∼20 years old) and nine older men (∼55 years old) exposed to 20 min of moderate isocapnic hypoxia, we demonstrated that older men showed a significantly greater rise in pulmonary arterial pressure during alveolar hypoxia than younger men. Future studies should examine the pathophysiological importance of increased hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction with age.
Evaluation of the Global Lung Initiative 2012 Reference Values for Spirometry in African Children

Rationale: Despite the high burden of respiratory disease, no spirometry reference values for African children are available. Objectives: Investigate whether the Global Lung Initiative (GLI‐2012) reference values for spirometry are appropriate for children in sub‐Saharan Africa and assess the impact of malnutrition on lung function. Methods: Anthropometry and spirometry were obtained in children aged 6 to 12 years from urban and semiurban schools in three African countries. Spirometry z‐scores were derived using the GLI‐2012 prediction equations for African Americans. Thinness (body mass index z‐score < −2) was a surrogate for malnutrition. Spirometry outcomes were compared with those of African American children from the third National Health and Nutrition Survey. Measurements and Main Results: Spirometry data were analyzed from 1,082 schoolchildren (51% boys) aged 6.0 to 12.8 years in Angola (n = 306), Democratic Republic of the Congo (n = 377), and Madagascar (n = 399). GLI‐2012 provided a good fit with mean (SD) z‐scores of −0.11 (0.83) for FEV1, −0.08 (0.86) for FVC, and −0.07 (0.83) for FEV1/FVC. Because of low scatter, the fifth centile corresponded to −1.3 z‐scores in boys and −1.5 z‐scores in girls. Malnourished African children had a normal FEV1/FVC ratio but significant reductions of ˜0.5 z‐scores (˜5%) in FEV1 and FVC compared with African American peers from the third National Health and Nutrition Survey. Children in Angola had the lowest, and those in Madagascar had the highest, zFEV1 and zFVC. Conclusions: The results of this study support the use of GLI‐2012 reference values for schoolchildren in sub‐Saharan Africa. Malnutrition affects body growth, leading to a proportionately smaller FEV1 and FVC without respiratory impairment, as shown by the normal FEV1/FVC ratio.
Simulating the Lausanne Peace Negotiations, 1922-1923: Power Asymmetries in Bargaining

The negotiation leading to the historic Lausanne Peace Treaty provides a setting for exploring the impacts of different power configurations on bargaining behavior. Symmetric and asymmetric coalition structures existed on two key issues in the talks, passage through the straits and the question of civil rights for minorities. A content analysis of the transcripts showed some differences in bargaining behavior between the two power structures. These structures were simulated and compared to a third condition, bilateral negotiations between parties of equal power Opposing negotiators in the symmetric parties condition were more satisfied with the outcome, achieved faster resolutions, disagreed less, and made fewer competitive statements during the discussions than negotiators from these countries in the coalition conditions. Both similarities and differences were found in the comparison between the processes and outcomes in the actual and simulated negotiations. The results have implications for designing structures that improve negotiations and illustrate some advantages of experimental simulation.
Growing up in the Inner City

unique chance to benefit from the help of the middleclass volunteer. The availability of middle-class ’refugees’ is a clear feature of much rural life and, often, their cumulative experience can be considerable. Frequently, the administrative, educational and pastoral expertise clustering in villages is very great. Unfortunately, middle-class activity in villages tends to be very sex-segregated there is no man’s equivalent of the Women’s Institute and often the men grow the flowers for their wives to arrange. While this is effective at organising flower shows, hunts and fetes and can assist groups such as the elderly with hospital visits, this considerable potential rarely seems to be applied to help the young. It would also be a way of integrating middle-class arrivals more adequately into village life and diminish something of the understandable hostility they engender because of their affluence, aggravation of house prices and obsession with visual amenities. If