Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variation in range-wide Golden-cheeked Warbler breeding habitat

Habitat availability ultimately limits the distribution and abundance of wildlife species. Consequently, it is paramount to identify where wildlife habitat is and understand how it changes over time in order to implement large-scale wildlife conservation plans. Yet, no work has quantified the degree of change in range-wide breeding habitat for the Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), despite the species being listed as endangered by the U.S. Federal Government. Thus, using available GIS data and Landsat imagery we quantified range-wide warbler breeding habitat change from 1999-2001 to 2010-2011. We detected a 29% reduction in total warbler breeding habitat and found that warbler breeding habitat was removed and became more fragmented at uneven rates across the warbler's breeding range during this time period. This information will assist researchers and managers in prioritizing breeding habitat conservation efforts for the species and provides a foundation for more realistic carrying capacity scenarios when modeling Golden-cheeked Warbler populations over time. Additionally, this study highlights the need for future work centered on quantifying Golden-cheeked Warbler movement rates and distances in order to assess the degree of connectivity between increasingly fragmented habitat patches.
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester as a Protective Agent against Nephrotoxicity and/or Oxidative Kidney Damage: A Detailed Systematic Review

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, has been attracting the attention of different medical and pharmaceutical disciplines in recent years because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antiviral, antifungal, and antineoplastic properties. One of the most studied organs for the effects of CAPE is the kidney, particularly in the capacity of this ester to decrease the nephrotoxicity induced by several drugs and the oxidative injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this review, we summarized and critically evaluated the current knowledge regarding the protective effect of CAPE in nephrotoxicity induced by several special medicines such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclosporine, gentamycin, methotrexate, and other causes leading to oxidative renal injury, namely, I/R models and senility.
The Gaussian rate-distortion function of sparse regression codes with optimal encoding

We study the rate-distortion performance of Sparse Regression Codes where the codewords are linear combinations of subsets of columns of a design matrix. It is shown that with minimum-distance encoding and squared error distortion, these codes achieve R*(D), the Shannon rate-distortion function for an i.i. d. Gaussian source. This completes a previous result which showed that R*(D) was achievable for distortions below a certain threshold. The proof is based on the second moment method, a popular technique to show that a non-negative random variable X is strictly positive with high probability. We first identify the reason behind the failure of the vanilla second moment method for this problem, and then introduce a refinement to show that R*(D) is achievable for all distortions.
Timing of Sleep and Its Relationship with the Endogenous Melatonin Rhythm

While much research has investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep, less is known about the relationship between the timing of the endogenous melatonin rhythm and the sleep–wake cycle. Significant inter-individual variability in the phase relationship between sleep and melatonin rhythms has been reported although the extent to which the variability reflects intrinsic and/or environmental differences is unknown. We examined the effects of different sleeping schedules on the time of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in 28 young, healthy adults. Participants chose to maintain either an early (22:30–06:30 h) or a late (00:30–08:30 h) sleep schedule for at least 3 weeks prior to an overnight laboratory visit. Saliva samples were collected under dim light (<2 lux) and controlled posture conditions to determine salivary DLMO. The 2-h difference between groups in the enforced sleep–wake schedule was associated with a concomitant 1.75-h delay in DLMO. The mean phase relationship between sleep onset and DLMO remained constant (~2 h). The variance in DLMO time, however, was greater in the late group (range 4.5 h) compared to the early group (range 2.4 h) perhaps due to greater effect of environmental influences in delayed sleep types or greater intrinsic instability in their circadian system. The findings contribute to our understanding of individual differences in the human circadian clock and have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, in particular if a greater normative range for phase angle of entrainment occurs in individuals with later sleep–wake schedules.
Revisiting the radial distribution of pulsars in the Galaxy

The high sensitivity Parkes and Swinburne Multibeam pulsar surveys have nearly doubled the number of known pul- sars and revealed many more distant pulsars with high dispersion measures. These data allow us to investigate in more detail the statistical parameters and distribution of pulsars, especially in the central regions of the Galaxy, which was almost impossible in previous low-frequency and less-sensitive surveys. To estimate the distances to pulsars we used the new NE2001 Galactic elec- tron density model. We study the Galactic distribution of normal pulsars with 1400 MHz luminosities greater than 0.1 mJy kpc 2 refining the shape and parameters of the radial distribution of pulsars. The maximum galactocentric distribution of pulsars is located at 3.2 ± 0.4 kpc and the scale-length of this distribution is 3.8 ± 0.4 kpc for the assumed distances to the Galactic center R� = 8.5 kpc. The surface density of pulsars near the Galactic center is equal to or slightly higher than that in the solar neighborhood. For observable normal pulsars with luminosities ≥0.1 mJy kpc 2 , we also re-estimate their local surface density and birth-rate: 41 ± 5 pulsars kpc −2 and 4.1 ± 0.5 pulsars kpc −2 Myr −1 respectively. For the total number of potentially observable pulsars in the Galaxy, we obtain (24 ± 3) × 10 3 and (240 ± 30) × 10 3 before and after applying beaming correction according the Tauris & Manchester (1998) beaming model. Within the limits of errors of estimations these results are in close agreement with the results of the previous studies of Lyne et al. (1998) (hereafter LML98). The dependence of these results on the NE2001 model and recommendations for further improvement of electron density distribution are discussed.
Novel Graphical Analyses of Runs of Homozygosity among Species and Livestock Breeds

Runs of homozygosity (ROH), uninterrupted stretches of homozygous genotypes resulting from parents transmitting identical haplotypes to their offspring, have emerged as informative genome-wide estimates of autozygosity (inbreeding). We used genomic profiles based on 698 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine breeds of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and the European bison (Bison bonasus) to investigate how ROH distributions can be compared within and among species. We focused on two length classes: 0.5–15 Mb to investigate ancient events and >15 Mb to address recent events (approximately three generations). For each length class, we chose a few chromosomes with a high number of ROH, calculated the percentage of times a SNP appeared in a ROH, and plotted the results. We selected areas with distinct patterns including regions where (1) all groups revealed an increase or decrease of ROH, (2) bison differed from cattle, (3) one cattle breed or groups of breeds differed (e.g., dairy versus meat cattle). Examination of these regions in the cattle genome showed genes potentially important for natural and human-induced selection, concerning, for example, meat and milk quality, metabolism, growth, and immune function. The comparative methodology presented here permits visual identification of regions of interest for selection, breeding programs, and conservation.
High Content Image-Based Screening of a Protease Inhibitor Library Reveals Compounds Broadly Active against Rift Valley Fever Virus and Other Highly Pathogenic RNA Viruses

High content image-based screening was developed as an approach to test a protease inhibitor small molecule library for antiviral activity against Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and to determine their mechanism of action. RVFV is the causative agent of severe disease of humans and animals throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Of the 849 compounds screened, 34 compounds exhibited ≥50% inhibition against RVFV. All of the hit compounds could be classified into 4 distinct groups based on their unique chemical backbone. Some of the compounds also showed broad antiviral activity against several highly pathogenic RNA viruses including Ebola, Marburg, Venezuela equine encephalitis, and Lassa viruses. Four hit compounds (C795-0925, D011-2120, F694-1532 and G202-0362), which were most active against RVFV and showed broad-spectrum antiviral activity, were selected for further evaluation for their cytotoxicity, dose response profile, and mode of action using classical virological methods and high-content imaging analysis. Time-of-addition assays in RVFV infections suggested that D011-2120 and G202-0362 targeted virus egress, while C795-0925 and F694-1532 inhibited virus replication. We showed that D011-2120 exhibited its antiviral effects by blocking microtubule polymerization, thereby disrupting the Golgi complex and inhibiting viral trafficking to the plasma membrane during virus egress. While G202-0362 also affected virus egress, it appears to do so by a different mechanism, namely by blocking virus budding from the trans Golgi. F694-1532 inhibited viral replication, but also appeared to inhibit overall cellular gene expression. However, G202-0362 and C795-0925 did not alter any of the morphological features that we examined and thus may prove to be good candidates for antiviral drug development. Overall this work demonstrates that high-content image analysis can be used to screen chemical libraries for new antivirals and to determine their mechanism of action and any possible deleterious effects on host cellular biology.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) Berdasarkan Teori Polya (Kelas VIII di SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta)

This study aims to analyze the mistakes made by the students in working on the story of two variable system of linear equations (SPLDV) in class VIII is based on the polya’s theory. Four steps polya’s theory is to understanding problem, Devising a plan, carry aot the plan and looking back. Subjects of this study were four eighth graders VIII F in SMP Muhammadiyah Surakarta academic year 2017/2018. The research is a qualitative descriptive study. Techniques used in the form of data collection techniques, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data using a triangulation method. Data analysis technique using data reduction, data display, and data verification. These results indicate that: (1) Most subjects can understand the problem properly only subject (F) third and subject matter (D) the second question which has an error due to lack of ability to manage information. (2) In preparing the plan partially subject already meet the indicators, errors in this step due to the lack of understanding of students in creating a mathematical model. (3) All the subjects made a mistake in step implementing the plan unless subject (I) about the number three. Mistakes made in the form of procedural errors and calculations. (4) Because is not accustomed to seeing a step back, only the subject (A) who do it, but still do not understand the error because the steps in looking back.
Examining the Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction on Individual Characteristics and Deviant Behavior among Support Staff in a Civil Service Organisation

This research article aims to examine individual characteristics that influenced employees deviant behavior in one of the Malaysian Civil Service organisation. Mount’s model was used in this article as a basis to determine the influence of individual characteristics on employees’ deviant behavior. In this article, job satisfaction is identitied as the mediating variable. Four Hundred and twenty nine employees whom are support personnel were chosen as respondents. Findings indicated that all the tested individual characteristics except emotional intelligence predicted employees deviant behavior. The result also signified that job satisfaction mediates the relationships between employees deviant behavior and negative affectivity, conscientiousness, and agreeableness.
WUMA – Miner : An Agent-based Design Pattern for Mining Users with Similar Navigational Behavior

This article introduces WUMA – Miner, an agent-based detailed design pattern for mining users with similar navigational behavior. WUMA Miner is part of a system of patterns for the design of multi-agent Web recommender systems based on Usage Mining techniques. An idiom for the development of agents in the JADE development environment, used on the implementation example of the WUMA – Miner pattern is also introduced. Patterns are derived from recurrent designs of specific agent-based applications, and considering solutions to also recurrent problems specified as generic requirements of applications in a domain. The proposed patterns are being developed in the context of a Multi-Agent Domain Engineering research project, which approaches software complexity and productivity through the construction of techniques and tools promoting software reuse on the development of multi-agent systems.
Behaviors of φ-Exponential Distributions in Wasserstein Geometry and an Evolution Equation

A $\varphi$-exponential distribution is a generalization of an exponential distribution associated to functions $\varphi$ in an appropriate class, and the space of $\varphi$-exponential distributions has a dually flat structure. We study features of the space of $\varphi$-exponential distributions, such as the convexity in Wasserstein geometry and the stability under an evolution equation. From this study, we provide the new characterizations to the space of Gaussian measures and the space of $q$-Gaussian measures.
Salt Marsh Claviceps Purpurea in Native and Invaded Spartina Marshes in Northern California Materials and Methods Disease Incidence. Salt Marsh Spartina Spp. Are Found in the San Francisco Estu- Ary, including San Francisco and San

Epidemics caused by plant-pathogenic fungi are relatively rare in wild plant populations (7). Relatively constant, low disease incidence is expected in natural plant populations because environmental hetero-geneity, species richness (26,30), host density (8), genetic diversity (2,37), age structure (11), and host–pathogen coevolu-tion (36) each militate against range-wide epidemics. However, plant-pathogenic fungi can reach high levels of infection in natural plant populations when low species diversity is combined with high plant densities under favorable environmental conditions (8,22,34). For example, Spartina an-glica on the coast of England is host to yearly epidemics of ergot, caused by the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea, which have been attributed to the high density and genetic uniformity of host plant populations (23,34). Similar conditions prevail in conventional agriculture where disease outbreaks are more common. When plant-pathogenic fungi are successful in parasitizing host plants in wild systems, they can have major impacts on plant survival, growth, fecundity, and competitive interactions (21). For example, Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, has essentially eliminated over-story chestnut from eastern U.S. forests (3), and Dutch elm disease, caused by Ophio-stoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi, has decimated both planted and native stands of American elms (20,27). Chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease are illustrative of patho-systems in which high rates of infection by exotic pathogens occur in temperate forests, where species diversity is often low. Salt marshes along the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of North America are also habitats typically dominated by single species: cordgrasses in the genus Spartina. This includes smooth cordgrass, S. al-terniflora, on the Atlantic Coast of the United States and California cordgrass, S. foliosa, on the Pacific Coast from Baja, Mexico to Bodega Bay, CA. These species dominate lower intertidal marshes in their respective ranges. In England, the allo-polyploid species S. anglica (S. al-terniflora × S. maritima), which originated in the last century (35), fills a role in the biotic community similar to that of its U.S. congeners. Similar to S. anglica, S. al-terniflora and S. foliosa host ergot outbreaks in their respective native ranges (14,19). Ergot appears to be a natural component of the S. alterniflora marsh community, having first been identified on this species on the Atlantic Coast of the United States in 1895 (15). S. alterniflora was introduced intentionally to the San Francisco Estuary in the 1970s (16) and subsequently hybridized with native S. foliosa, which is now being displaced by its hybrid progeny and their …
Tolerogenic effect of non-inherited maternal antigens in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Major histocompatibility complex antigens that provoke severe transplant reactions are referred to as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in human and as the H-2 in mice. Even if the donor and recipient are HLA-identical siblings, graft-versus-host reactions have been linked to differences in the minor histocompatibility antigen. As the chance of finding an HLA-identical sibling donor is only 25%, attention has been focused on using alternative donors. An HLA-mismatched donor with non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMA) is less immunogenic than that with non-inherited paternal antigens, because the contact between the immune systems of the mother and child during pregnancy affects the immune response of the child against NIMA. However, the immunologic effects of developmental exposure to NIMA are heterogeneous, and can be either tolerogenic or immunogenic. We recently have devised a novel method for predicting the tolerogenic effect of NIMA. In this review, we overview the evidence for the existence of the NIMA tolerogenic effect, the possible cellular and molecular basis of the phenomenon, and its utilization in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We suggest a future direction for the safe clinical use of this phenomenon, fetomaternal tolerance, in the transplantation field.
Dermatoses among Children from Celebration of “Holi,” the Spring Festival, in India: A Cross-sectional Observational Study

Background: “Holi” is a spring festival celebrated primarily in the Indian subcontinent and also abroad by expatriate Indians. It is a festival of colors, traditionally celebrated by mutual application of colors in different forms on a particular day of the year. These colors frequently comprise a range of synthetic dyes which have harmful effects on the skin and mucosae. Children take part in this colorful festival with much enthusiasm and vigor, making them prone to develop different “Holi”-related dermatoses. Our objective was to find out the different patterns of “Holi”-related dermatoses in a group of pediatric patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out over a period of 6 years (2010–2015). Consecutive patients of pediatric age group who attended dermatology outpatient department (OPD) with different dermatoses following application of “Holi” color were included in this study. Results: A total of 63 patients (mean age 11 years; range 1–16 years) were evaluated with a female to male ratio of 1.3:1. Itching is the predominant presenting symptom followed by burning sensation, dryness, scaling, oozing, and loss of hair. Examination revealed that eczematous lesion was the most common (69.8%) reaction pattern followed by xerosis, desquamation, excoriation, erythema, morbilliform eruption, erosion, alopecia, ulceration, acute paronychia, and hyperpigmentation. The face was the most common (76.4%) site of affection. Conclusion: A sizable number of patients of pediatric age group may be affected by “Holi”-related dermatoses necessitating precautionary measures.
A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics

Interest in biochar stems from its potential agronomic benefits and carbon sequestration ability. Biochar application alters soil nitrogen (N) dynamics. This review establishes emerging trends and gaps in biochar-N research. Biochar adsorption of NO3 − , up to 0.6 mg g −1 biochar, occurs at pyrolysis temperatures >600 °C with amounts adsorbed dependent on feedstock and NO3 − concentration. Biochar NH4 + adsorption depends on feedstock, but no pyrolysis temperature trend is apparent. Long-term practical effectiveness of inorganic-N adsorption, as a NO3 − leaching mitigation option, requires further study. Biochar adsorption of ammonia (NH3) decreases NH3 and NO3 − losses during composting and after manure applications, and offers a mechanism for developing slow release fertilisers. Reductions in NH3 loss vary with N source and biochar characteristics. Manure derived biochars have a role as N fertilizers. Increasing pyrolysis temperatures, during biochar manufacture from manures and biosolids, results in biochars with decreasing hydrolysable organic N and increasing aromatic and heterocyclic structures. The short- and long-term implications of biochar on N immobilisation and mineralization are specific to individual soil-biochar combinations and further systematic studies are required to predict agronomic and N cycling responses. Most nitrous oxide (N2O) studies measuring nitrous
Computational Exploration of Metaphor Comprehension Processes

A central question in metaphor research is what processes are involved in metaphor comprehension, especially which of comparison and categorization processes governs metaphor comprehension. In this paper, I attempt to provide a computational solution to this problem using comparison and categorization algorithms based on word vectors in a multidimensional semantic space constructed by latent semantic analysis. These algorithms receive word vectors for the topic and the vehicle of a metaphor and compute a vector for the metaphorical meaning. The resulting vectors can be evaluated on the degree to which they mimic human interpretation of the same metaphor. Using this simulation framework, I tested five competing views of metaphor comprehension: the categorization view (Glucksberg, 2001), the comparison view (Gentner, 1983) and three hybrid views — the conventionality view (Bowdle & Gentner, 2005), the aptness view (Jones & Estes, 2005) and the interpretive diversity view (Utsumi & Kuwabara, 2005) — which claim that vehicle conventionality, aptness and interpretive diversity, respectively, determine a shift between both processes. The simulation result was that the interpretive diversity view outperformed the other four views on two different measures. This result can be seen as computational evidence in favor of the interpretive diversity view.