Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of lung adenocarcinoma with ROS1 rearrangement by IHC, FISH, and RT-PCR and analysis of its clinicopathologic features

Objective To detect ROS1 rearrangement using three different assays, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and to analyze the clinicopathologic features of ROS1 rearrangement in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods One hundred eighty-three consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma with operation and follow-up data were analyzed for ROS1 rearrangement by IHC, FISH, and RT-PCR. PCR products of the RT-PCR-positive samples were sequenced for confirmation of the specific fusion partners. Results Three of the 183 (1.64%) cases were identified to be positive for ROS1 rearrangement through all three methods. The fusion patterns were CD74 e6-ROS1 e32, CD74 e6-ROS1 e34, and TPM3 e8-ROS1 e35, respectively. FISH-positive cases showed two types of signals, single 3′ signals (green) and split red and green signals. Using FISH as a standard method, the sensitivity and specificity of ROS1 IHC with 1+ staining or more were 100% and 96.67%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR were both 100%. Univariate analysis identified female sex (P=0.044), Stage I disease (P<0.001), and ROS1-negative status (P=0.022) to be significantly associated with longer overall survival. Conclusion IHC, FISH, and RT-PCR are all effective methods for the detection of ROS1 rearrangement. IHC would be a useful screening method in routine pathologic laboratories. RT-PCR can detect exact fusion patterns. ROS1 rearrangement may be a worse prognostic factor. The exact correlation of ROS1 rearrangement with prognosis and whether different fusion types are correlated with different responses to targeted therapy need to be further investigated.
Phenolic Profile of Edible Honeysuckle Berries (Genus Lonicera) and Their Biological Effects

The current status of research on polyphenolic compounds in the berries of edible honeysuckle and their biological effects, including recommended utilization, are reviewed. The major classes of phenolic compounds in the blue berried honeysuckle are flavonols (quercetin, rutin, quercitrin) and flavanes (proanthocyanidins, catechins) and anthocyanins. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside are considered as major anthocyanidins in edible honeysuckle berries. Such a high level of antioxidant activity in the berries of different species of the genus Lonicera is especially due to the high level of polyphenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. These berries seem to be prospective sources of health-supporting phytochemicals that exhibit beneficial anti-adherence and chemo-protective activities, thus they may provide protection against a number of chronic conditions, e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, tumour growth or cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Smoking is a risk factor for incisional hernia.

HYPOTHESIS A number of risk factors for incisional hernia have been identified, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. Based on previous findings of smoking as a risk factor for wound complications and recurrence of groin hernia, we studied whether smoking is associated with incisional hernia. DESIGN Cohort study. Clinical follow-up study for incisional hernia 33 to 57 months following laparotomy for gastrointestinal disease. Variables predictive for incisional hernia were assessed by multiple regression analysis. SETTING Department of Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. PATIENTS All 916 patients undergoing laparotomy from 1997 through 1998. Surgeons performed clinical examination in 310 patients; patients who failed to meet for examination, died, or were lost to follow-up were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty-four variables related to patient history, preoperative clinical condition, operative severity and findings, and the surgeon's training. RESULTS The incidence of incisional hernia was 26% (81/310). Smokers had a 4-fold higher risk of incisional hernia (odds ratio [OR], 3.93 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.82-8.49]) independent of other risk factors and confounders. Relaparotomy was the strongest factor associated with hernia (OR, 5.89 [95% CI, 1.78-19.48]). Other risk factors were postoperative wound complications (OR, 3.91 [95% CI, 1.99-7.66]), age (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.06]), and male sex (OR, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.21-3.91]). CONCLUSION Smoking is a significant risk factor for incisional hernia in line with relaparotomy, postoperative wound complications, older age, and male sex.
Protostellar Outflow-driven Turbulence

Protostellar outflows crisscross the regions of star cluster formation, stirring turbulence and altering the evolution of the forming cluster. We model the stirring of turbulent motions by protostellar outflows, building on an observation that the scaling law of supersonic turbulence implies a momentum cascade analogous to the energy cascade in Kolmogorov turbulence. We then generalize this model to account for a diversity of outflow strengths and for outflow collimation, both of which enhance turbulence. For a single value of its coupling coefficient, the model is consistent with turbulence simulations by Li & Nakamura and, plausibly, with observations of the NGC 1333 cluster-forming region. Outflow-driven turbulence is strong enough to stall collapse in cluster-forming regions for several crossing times, relieving the mismatch between star formation and turbulent decay rates. The predicted line width-size scaling implies radial density indices between -1 and -2 for regions supported by outflow-driven turbulence, with a tendency for steeper profiles in regions that are more massive or have higher column densities.
Stimulating Myocardial Regeneration with Periostin Peptide in Large Mammals Improves Function Post-Myocardial Infarction but Increases Myocardial Fibrosis

Aims Mammalian myocardium has a finite but limited capacity to regenerate. Experimentally stimulating proliferation of cardiomyocytes with extracellular regeneration factors like periostin enhances cardiac repair in rodents. The aim of this study was to develop a safe method for delivering regeneration factors to the heart and to test the functional and structural effects of periostin peptide treatment in a large animal model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results We developed a controlled release system to deliver recombinant periostin peptide into the pericardial space. A single application of this method was performed two days after experimental MI in swine. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either saline or periostin peptide. Experimental groups were compared at baseline, day 2, 1 month and 3 months. Treatment with periostin peptide increased the EF from 31% to 41% and decreased by 22% the infarct size within 12 weeks. Periostin peptide-treated animals had newly formed myocardium strips within the infarct scar, leading to locally improved myocardial function. In addition the capillary density was increased in animals receiving periostin. However, periostin peptide treatment increased myocardial fibrosis in the remote region at one week and 12 weeks post-treatment. Conclusion Our study shows that myocardial regeneration through targeted peptides is possible. However, in the case of periostin the effects on cardiac fibrosis may limit its clinical application as a viable therapeutic strategy.
Time-frequency based distance and divergence measures

A study of the phase and amplitude sensitivity of the Renyi (1961) time-frequency information measure leads to the introduction of a new "Jensen-like" divergence measure. While this quantity promises to be a useful indicator of the distance between two time-frequency distributions, it is limited to the analysis of positive definite TFDs. In spite of this rather severe limitation, this measure could prove useful for time-frequency based detection. We illustrate this with an example of detecting a signal in additive noise. <<ETX>>
Abiotic-biotic characterization of Pt/Ir microelectrode arrays in chronic implants

Pt/Ir electrodes have been extensively used in neurophysiology research in recent years as they provide a more inert recording surface as compared to tungsten or stainless steel. While floating microelectrode arrays (FMA) consisting of Pt/Ir electrodes are an option for neuroprosthetic applications, long-term in vivo functional performance characterization of these FMAs is lacking. In this study, we have performed comprehensive abiotic-biotic characterization of Pt/Ir arrays in 12 rats with implant periods ranging from 1 week up to 6 months. Each of the FMAs consisted of 16-channel, 1.5 mm long, and 75 μm diameter microwires with tapered tips that were implanted into the somatosensory cortex. Abiotic characterization included (1) pre-implant and post-explant scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study recording site changes, insulation delamination and cracking, and (2) chronic in vivo electrode impedance spectroscopy. Biotic characterization included study of microglial responses using a panel of antibodies, such as Iba1, ED1, and anti-ferritin, the latter being indicative of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Significant structural variation was observed pre-implantation among the arrays in the form of irregular insulation, cracks in insulation/recording surface, and insulation delamination. We observed delamination and cracking of insulation in almost all electrodes post-implantation. These changes altered the electrochemical surface area of the electrodes and resulted in declining impedance over the long-term due to formation of electrical leakage pathways. In general, the decline in impedance corresponded with poor electrode functional performance, which was quantified via electrode yield. Our abiotic results suggest that manufacturing variability and insulation material as an important factor contributing to electrode failure. Biotic results show that electrode performance was not correlated with microglial activation (neuroinflammation) as we were able to observe poor performance in the absence of neuroinflammation, as well as good performance in the presence of neuroinflammation. One biotic change that correlated well with poor electrode performance was intraparenchymal bleeding, which was evident macroscopically in some rats and presented microscopically by intense ferritin immunoreactivity in microglia/macrophages. Thus, we currently consider intraparenchymal bleeding, suboptimal electrode fabrication, and insulation delamination as the major factors contributing toward electrode failure.
The Projective Geometry of Freudenthal's Magic Square

Abstract We connect the algebraic geometry and representation theory associated to Freudenthal's magic square. We give unified geometric descriptions of several classes of orbit closures, describing their hyperplane sections and desingularizations, and interpreting them in terms of composition algebras. In particular, we show how a class of invariant quartic polynomials can be viewed as generalizations of the classical discriminant of a cubic polynomial.
The EigenRumor Algorithm for Ranking Blogs

ABSTRACT The advent of easy to use blogging tools is increasing the number of bloggers leading to more diversity in the quality blogspace. The blog search technologies that help users to find “good” blogs are thus more and more important. This paper proposes a new algorithm called “EigenRumor” that scores each blog entry by weighting the hub and authority scores of the bloggers based on eigenvector calculations. This algorithm enables a higher score to be assigned to the blog entries submitted by a good blogger but not yet linked to by any other blogs based on acceptance of the blogger's prior work. General Terms Algorithms, Management, Experimentation Keywords Weblog, link-analysis, ranking, search engine. 1. INTRODUCTION Many approaches on ranking Web pages have been proposed and studied[3]. PageRank[2] and HITS[7] are most successful of these and their effectiveness has been shown in both industry and the academic world. Of course these techniques are also effective for ranking blogs. The simple adoption of these algorithms to blogs, however, induces some issues as follows: 1) The number of links to a blog entry is generally very small. As the result, the scores of blog entries calculated by PageRank, for example, are generally too small to permit blog entries to be ranked by importance. 2) Generally, some time is needed to develop a number of in-links and thus have a higher PageRank score. Since blogs are considered to be a communication tool for discussing new topics, it is desirable to assign a higher score to an entry submitted by a blogger who has been received a lot of attention in the past, even if the entry itself has no in-links at first. Considering these issues, this paper proposes a new link-analysis algorithm called “EigenRumor. ” The algorithm is designed for ranking information resources provided as blogs or other cyberspace communities, in which the identities of information providers are observable. Unlike generic web pages, a blog site is constructed from a set of blog entries written by a single blogger and the quality of blog entries and topics are dominated by the ability or interests of the blogger. Using this structural characteristic of blogs, the EigenRumor algorithm rates a new blog entry or other blog entries that have no in-links according to the past behavior of the blogger. In this paper, we define a
Beyond High School Readiness in the 21st Century: A Multi-Case Study of the Perspectives of African American High School Students in Accelerated Learning Programs and Their Experiences of Success in Terms of Efficacy, Ethnicity, and Future Aspirations

xi Chapter One: Introduction and Background 1 Statement of the Problem 2 Purpose of the Study 8 Theoretical Framework and Research Questions 11 Definition of Terms 14 Significance of the Study 18 Limitations and Delimitations 20 Chapter Summary and Organization of the Study 20 Chapter Two: Review of Related Literature 22 Introduction 22 Secondary Education Measures of Success 24 State and National Assessments 27 International Academic Trends 30 Equitable Education Opportunities 34 Opportunity Gaps 34 Expectations Gaps 36
Peer Effects on Criminal Behavior. Evidence from the homeless

This paper investigates the influence of peers on criminal behavior, using original data I collected by interviewing homeless people in Milan. Information on friendsâ€™ names was elicited, which allows to map each respondentâ€™s network. Each individual was also asked to report his criminal status prior to becoming homeless. To estimate the causal effects of network size and of the share of criminal friends on (subsequent) criminal behavior, I rely on two instruments. The first is the share of rainy days since the individual has become homeless: rainfall fosters concentration of homeless individuals in sheltered places and increases the probability of meetings. The second instrument is the fraction of inmates released by Milanâ€™s authorities during oneâ€™s period as homeless, which affects the supply of criminal potential friends. I find that the probability of arrest decreases by 16 percentage points with the network size, but it increases by 20 percentage points with the share of criminal friends in the group.
Comparison of characteristics of anxiety sensitivity across career stages and its relationship with nursing stress among female nurses in Hunan, China

Objectives This study aimed to investigate anxiety sensitivity (AS) in female Chinese nurses to better understand its characteristics and relationship with nursing stress based on the following hypotheses: (1) experienced nurses have higher AS than newly admitted nurses; and (2) specific nursing stresses are associated with AS after controlling general stress. Setting The cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2014 to June 2015 among female nurses at the provincial and primary care levels in Hunan Province, China. Participants Among 793 nurses who volunteered to participate, 745 returned and completed the questionnaires. Eligible participants are healthy female nurses aged 18–55 years and exempt from a history of psychiatric disorder or severe somatic disease and/or a family history of psychiatric disorder. Primary and secondary outcome measures AS was assessed by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3). Anxiety symptoms, general stress and nursing stress were measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS). Results There were significant differences overall and in the three dimensions of AS across nurses of different career stages (all p<0.05). Middle and late career nurses had higher AS than early career nurses (all p<0.05), while no significant difference was found between middle and late career nurses. Conflict with physicians and heavy workload had a significant effect on all aspects of AS, whereas lack of support was related to cognitive AS (all p<0.05). Conclusions After years of exposure to stressful events during nursing, experienced female nurses may become more sensitive to anxiety. Middle career stage might be a critical period for psychological intervention targeting on AS. Hospital administrators should make efforts to reduce nurses' workload and improve their professional status. Meanwhile, more social support and appropriate psychological intervention would be beneficial to nurses with higher AS.
Modeling Inter-Instruction Energy Effects in a Digital Signal Processor

This paper explores techniques for creating accurate instruction-level power models for digital signal processors (DSP). Our initial results confirm previous work showing that inter-instruction effects can become a significant component of power consumption for many programs. To overcome limitations of previous models, we develop a straightfoward method (the NOP model) that models transitions between any two instructions. Measurements show that our method accurately models inter-instruction effects without a quadratic increase in the size of energy tables. We further improve the accuracy with a hybrid model that carefully considers the instruction’s behavior within the architecture.
Min-cost multicast networks in Euclidean space

Space information flow is a new field of research recently proposed by Li and Wu [1], [2]. It studies the transmission of information in a geometric space, where information flows can be routed along any trajectories, and can be encoded wherever they meet. The goal is to satisfy given end-to-end unicast/multicast throughput demands, while minimizing a natural bandwidth-distance sum-product (network volume). Space information flow models the design of a blueprint for a minimum-cost network. We study the multicast version of the space information flow problem, in Euclidean spaces. We present a simple example that demonstrates the design of an information network is indeed different from that of a transportation network. We discuss properties of optimal multicast network embedding, prove that network coding does not make a difference in the basic case of 1-to-2 multicast, and prove upper-bounds on the number of relay nodes required in an optimal acyclic multicast network.
Pitfalls in Estimating Asymmetric Effects of Energy Price Shocks

A common view in the literature is that the effect of energy price shocks on macroeconomic aggregates is asymmetric in energy price increases and decreases. We show that widely used asymmetric vector autoregressive models of the transmission of energy price shocks are misspecified, resulting in inconsistent parameter estimates, and that the implied impulse responses have been routinely computed incorrectly. As a result, the quantitative importance of unanticipated energy price increases for the U.S. economy has been exaggerated. In response to this problem, we develop alternative regression models and methods of computing responses to energy price shocks that yield consistent estimates regardless of the degree of asymmetry. We also introduce improved tests of the null hypothesis of symmetry in the responses to energy price increases and decreases. An empirical study reveals little evidence against the null hypothesis of symmetry in the responses to energy price shocks. Our analysis also has direct implications for the theoretical literature on the transmission of energy price shocks and for the debate about policy responses to energy price shocks.
Considering Vertical and Horizontal Context in Corpus-based Generative Electronic Dance Music

We present GESMI (Generative Electronica Statistical Modeling Instrument) – a computationally creative music generation system that produces Electronic Dance Music through statistical modeling of a corpus. We discuss how the model requires complex interrelationships between simple patterns, relationships that span both time (horizontal) and concurrency (vertical). Specifically, we present how context-specific drum patterns are generated, and how auxiliary percussion parts, basslines, and drum breaks are generated in relation to both generated material and the corpus. Generated audio from the system has been accepted for performance in an EDM festival.
The Entrepreneurial Experience: Confronting Career Dilemmas of the Start-up Executive. The Jossey-Bass Management Series.

Steve Jobs, Sam Walton, Willard Marriott. The names of these entrepreneurial giants conjure images of power and glamour. We picture high-rolling mavericks, men and women who lead exciting and fully rewarding lives. But are these images based on fact, or are they purely fantasy? The Entrepreneurial Experience goes behind the mystique to reveal what it is really like to be an entrepreneur. W. Gibb Dyer, Jr., draws on over 125 interviews and case studies to offer an intimate look at the personal and professional lives of entrepreneurs. He uncovers their motivations, dreams, and the dilemmas they typically encounter at each stage of their careers. For entrepreneurs and their families, consultants, students of entrepreneurship, and those wishing to launch a business venture, Dyer offers a dynamic, true-to-life picture of what it means to be an entrepreneur. This book explores the dynamics of each stage of the entrepreneurial career. To help readers learn how beginning entrepreneurs get started, it offers information on such key topics as the character traits common among successful entrepreneurs and the tools--including legal counsel and financing necessary for success. The book also shows how midcareer professionals can use special management techniques to maintain control over their growing businesses and confront the problems related to working effectively with family members. And finally, it reveals how entrepreneurs facing retirement can plan well for this transition, giving them advice on each step of succession planning, from choosing and training a successor to handling the transition to new leadership.