Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy and safety of the novel oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban in preclinical and clinical development

Summary Therapeutic oral anticoagulation is still commonly achieved by administration of warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists that are associated with an untoward pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile leading to a high incidence of bleeding complications or therapeutic failure. Hence, there is an unmet medical need of novel easy-to-use oral anticoagulants with improved efficacy and safety. Recent developments include the identification of non-peptidic small-molecules that selectively inhibit certain serine proteases within the coagulation cascade. Of these, the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban have recently been licensed for thromboprophylaxis after orthopaedic surgery mainly in Europe. In addition, the factor Xa inhibitor apixaban is in late-stage clinical development. Each drug is prescribed at fixed doses without the need of anticoagulant monitoring. Phase III trials in orthopaedic patients essentially resulted in non-inferior efficacy of dabigatran and superior efficacy of rivaroxaban over enoxaparin without any marked differences of drug safety, while apixaban data is still controversial. However, alterations of rivaroxaban and apixaban pharmacokinetics upon interactions with inhibitors and inducers of CYP3A4 or P-glycoprotein may complicate the use of these compounds in daily practice, whereas dabigatran elimination largely depends on renal function. Hence, this review reports PK/PD, efficacy and safety data of dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban throughout preclinical and clinical development.
Analysis of Golfer Motivations and Constraints by Experience Use History

With an increasing competition for attracting golfers to individual sites, it is becoming more important for managers to identify the variables which attract and retain their golfing clientele. The segmentation of golfers into homogeneous markets allows for the comparison of consumer variables by groups and can assist management in formulating consumer-oriented marketing strategies. The current study utilized experience use history (EUH) to create distinct, identifiable segments of users by examining their past behavior and experience levels in order to identify distinct motivations and constraints by segment. Subjects (N = 1,397) were randomly selected at six different Cleveland Metroparks golf courses. Results show that golfers with different experience use histories differed on both their motivations and constraints to play golf. Specific managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.
Radiographic Analysis of Metatarsus Primus Elevatus and Hallux Rigidus

Background: Controversy exists about the role of metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) in the presence of hallux rigidus. Previous studies could neither confirm nor reject a causative relationship. Measurement of the true elevation of the first metatarsal according to current techniques lack either precision or accuracy or both. The purpose of this study was to assess MPE by means of a new radiographic measurement method and to analyze how the MPE-values differed among hallux rigidus, hallux valgus and control groups. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed of standing AP and lateral radiographs of 295 feet (221 patients; average age 54 years) randomly selected from our databank. According to general radiographic and clinical criteria, 99 were defined as hallux rigidus. Ninety-nine feet had a hallux valgus deformity without severe arthritis. Ninety-seven radiographs with normal MP-I joints and no other forefoot deformity served as a control group. The elevation of the first metatarsal bone in relation to the second metatarsal (MPE), the first metatarsopahlangeal dorsiflexion angle (DFA), the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), the interphalangeal angle (IPA) and the degeneration of the first metatarsophalangeal joint were measured. Three independent raters were involved to assess the inter-rater reliability of a new MPE measurement method. For statistic analyses, ANOVA testing was used. Results: MPE was significantly greater in patients with hallux rigidus (+5.2 mm; 95% CI: 4.7 to 5.7) when compared with hallux valgus (+2.8 mm; 95% CI: 2.2 to 3.4) or the control group (+2.6; 95% CI: 2.0–3.2; p < 0.0001). The DFA was found to be significantly lower in the hallux rigidus group (9 degrees; 95% CI: 8 to 10) when compared with those measured in the hallux valgus (14 degrees; 95% CI: 13 to 16) and control groups (11 degrees; 95% CI: 10 to 12; p < 0.0001). There was a no correlation found between MPE and osteoarthritis at MP-I joint (r = 0.35; p < 0.0001). A moderate correlation was found between increasing MPE and decreasing DFA (r = 0.5; p < 0.0001). The inter-rater reliability of the MPE measurement method was found to be accurate and reproducible (r = 0.9; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the findings in this study, an MPE greater than 5 mm could be considered a predictive factor in the presence of hallux rigidus. However, the mechanism of MPE has yet to be determined. Level of Evidence: III, Case Control Series
Sparse Recovery From Combined Fusion Frame Measurements

Sparse representations have emerged as a powerful tool in signal and information processing, culminated by the success of new acquisition and processing techniques such as compressed sensing (CS). Fusion frames are very rich new signal representation methods that use collections of subspaces instead of vectors to represent signals. This work combines these exciting fields to introduce a new sparsity model for fusion frames. Signals that are sparse under the new model can be compressively sampled and uniquely reconstructed in ways similar to sparse signals using standard CS. The combination provides a promising new set of mathematical tools and signal models useful in a variety of applications. With the new model, a sparse signal has energy in very few of the subspaces of the fusion frame, although it does not need to be sparse within each of the subspaces it occupies. This sparsity model is captured using a mixed l1/l2 norm for fusion frames. A signal sparse in a fusion frame can be sampled using very few random projections and exactly reconstructed using a convex optimization that minimizes this mixed l1/l2 norm. The provided sampling conditions generalize coherence and RIP conditions used in standard CS theory. It is demonstrated that they are sufficient to guarantee sparse recovery of any signal sparse in our model. More over, a probabilistic analysis is provided using a stochastic model on the sparse signal that shows that under very mild conditions the probability of recovery failure decays exponentially with in creasing dimension of the subspaces.
The Efficiency of Ultrasound and Dopplor Ultrasound in Differential Diagnosis of periapical lesions in Iraqi populations

Aim of study: To evaluate the efficiency of ultrasound with color Doppler ultrasound in differential diagnosis of periapical lesions. Subjects Material and Methods: Twenty six patients aged between 8-40 years classified as age groups: Group 1 from 8-18 years, Group 2 from 19-29 years, Group 3 from 30- 40 years and with periapical lesion in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and premolars diagnosed by their clinical sign and symptoms and radiographic findings who attended to the maxillofacial unit in al Al Jamhori Teaching Hospital and Specialist Center of Dentistry/Right in Mosul city were include in this study.Ultrasonographic examinations were performed and, according to the ultrasonography findings, lesions were classified into four groups: granuloma,radicular cyst, abscess and phoenix abscess. Additionally, color Doppler ultrasonography examinations were performed to evaluate blood flow in all patients. After the ultrasonography examination, the patients underwent surgical treatment. The correlation between ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography findings of the lesions and histological findings was investigated. Result: In all cases it was possible to differentiate between cyst , abscess granuloma and granuloma with acute exacerbation(phoenix abscess) by using ultrasound with color Doppler ultrasound and it was also possible to measure the lesions, to evaluate their content and to evaluate their vascularization in the anterior part of the upper and lower jaws and premolars teeth. A accuracy percentage, sensitivity percentage and specificity percentage for each type of periapical lesion also determined.
Page Form Database Crawler Link Classifier Page Classifier Domain-Specific Form Classifier Forms Relevant Forms ( Link , Relevance ) Links Most relevant link Adaptive Link Learner Feature Selection Form path Frontier Manager Searchable Form Classifier Searchable Forms Form Filtering

In this paper we describe new adaptive crawling strategies to efficiently locate the entry points to hidden-Web sources. The fact that hidden-Web sources are very sparsely distributed makes the problem of locating them especially challenging. We deal with this problem by using the contents of pages to focus the crawl on a topic; by prioritizing promising links within the topic; and by also following links that may not lead to immediate benefit. We propose a new framework whereby crawlers automatically learn patterns of promising links and adapt their focus as the crawl progresses, thus greatly reducing the amount of required manual setup and tuning. Our experiments over real Web pages in a representative set of domains indicate that online learning leads to significant gains in harvest rates—the adaptive crawlers retrieve up to three times as many forms as crawlers that use a fixed focus strategy.
Diurnal variation of walnut tree volatiles and electrophysiological responses in Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have been carried out on the behavioural and electrophysiological responses of Cydia pomonella (L.) to host volatile emissions, to find alternative attractants to the sex pheromone for pest monitoring. These studies have focused on apple and pear, and very little has been done on walnut. In the present work, the diurnal and seasonal variation in walnut volatile emissions and the electrophysiological response of C. pomonella have been studied. RESULTS Ninety compounds were detected in walnut emissions, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The most abundant compound was beta-pinene, which, together with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-beta-ocimene, limonene, germacrene D, 1,8-cineole, sabinene, (E)-beta-farnesene, (E)-beta-caryophyllene, beta-myrcene and beta-phellandrene, constituted between 81.9 and 90.5% of the total chromatographic area. Differences between seasonal periods were significant for 39 compounds, and between daytimes for 14 compounds. Discernible and consistent EAD responses were detected to 11 walnut-origin compounds, and confirmed with synthetics to seven of them. Except for alloocimene, pinocarvone and caryophyllene oxide, all these compounds are also emitted by apple. CONCLUSION Walnut volatile emissions differ widely from apple ones, but both share many compounds that are EAD-active in C. pomonella. However, among EAD-active compounds there are three walnut-specific ones, which should be further tested in behavioural assays.
ComPLx: A competitive primal-dual Lagrange optimization for global placement

We develop a projected-subgradient primal-dual Lagrange optimization for global placement, that can be instantiated with a variety of interconnect models. It decomposes the original non-convex problem into“more convex”sub-problems. It generalizes the recent SimPL, SimPLR and Ripple algorithms and extends them. Empirically, ComPLx outperforms all published placers in runtime and performance on ISPD 2005 and 2006 benchmarks.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, toxaphenes, and other halogenated organic pollutants in great blue heron eggs

The great blue heron (Ardea herodias) has been used as a bioindicator of the state of the St. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada) since 1996. At 5‐year intervals, selected breeding colonies along the River and its estuary are visited to estimate reproductive success and determine levels of contamination. Brominated flame retardants are found in many ecosystems and are increasing in concentration in the Great Lakes, which is the source of much of the water for the St. Lawrence River. In 2001 and 2002, in addition to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides, the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated bornanes (toxaphene) congeners and non‐ortho‐substituted PCBs were measured for the first time in pools of great blue heron eggs. The PBDE levels in great blue heron eggs (70–1,377 ng/g wet wt) were comparable to those measured in herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs from the Great Lakes. Toxaphene was detected in great blue heron eggs at levels comparable to those of other major chlorinated pesticides. Major toxaphene congeners were octachlorobornane P44 and the nonachlorobornane P50. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:243–249. © 2009 SETAC
Impaired mesial frontal and putamen activation in Parkinson's disease: A positron emission tomography study

Selection of movement in normal subjects has been shown to involve the premotor, supplementary motor, anterior cingulate, posterior parietal, and dorsolateral prefrontal areas. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the primary pathological change is degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections, and this is associated with difficulty in initiating actions. We wished to investigate the effect of the nigral abnormality in PD on cortical activation during movement. Using C15O2 and positron emission tomography (PET), we studied regional cerebral blood flow in 6 patients with PD and 6 control subjects while they performed motor tasks. Subjects were scanned while at rest, while repeatedly moving a joystick forward, and while freely choosing which of four possible directions to move the joystick. Significant increases in regional cerebral blood flow were determined with covariance analysis. In normal subjects, compared to the rest condition, the free‐choice task activated the left primary sensorimotor cortex, left premotor cortex, left putamen, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate area, and parietal association areas bilaterally. In the patients with PD, for the free‐choice task, compared with the rest condition, there was significant activation in the left sensorimotor and premotor cortices but there was impaired activation of the contralateraputamen, the anterior cingulate, supplementary motor area, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Impaired activation of the medial frontal areas may account for the difficulties PD patients have in initiating movements.
A Review of the Use of Simulation in Dental Education

Summary Statement In line with the advances in technology and communication, medical simulations are being developed to support the acquisition of requisite psychomotor skills before real-life clinical applications. This review article aimed to give a general overview of simulation in a cognate field, clinical dental education. Simulations in dentistry are not a new phenomenon; however, recent developments in virtual-reality technology using computer-generated medical simulations of 3-dimensional images or environments are providing more optimal practice conditions to smooth the transition from the traditional model-based simulation laboratory to the clinic. Evidence as to the positive aspects of virtual reality include increased effectiveness in comparison with traditional simulation teaching techniques, more efficient learning, objective and reproducible feedback, unlimited training hours, and enhanced cost-effectiveness for teaching establishments. Negative aspects have been indicated as initial setup costs, faculty training, and the lack of a variety of content and current educational simulation programs.
Three‐dimensional ultrashort echo‐time imaging using a FLORET trajectory

Three‐dimensional ultrashort echo‐time (UTE) imaging commonly makes use of an isotropic 3D radial projection acquisition. The FLORET sequence is proposed and evaluated as a more efficient alternative. Methods: The properties of the FLORET trajectory are contrasted with those of a 3D radial projection trajectory. The theoretical advantages of FLORET, including greater sampling and SNR efficiency, are evaluated based upon experimental data. The effect of T2* decay on FLORET is analyzed in comparison to the 3D radial, Cones, and Density Adapted Radial trajectories. FLORET UTE image quality is compared with 3D radial UTE image quality.
Enhanced Oscillatory Activity in the Hippocampal–Prefrontal Network Is Related to Short-Term Memory Function after Early-Life Seizures

Neurological insults during development are associated with later impairments in learning and memory. Although remedial training can help restore cognitive function, the neural mechanisms of this recovery in memory systems are largely unknown. To examine this issue, we measured electrophysiological oscillatory activity in the hippocampus (both CA3 and CA1) and prefrontal cortex of adult rats that had experienced repeated seizures in the first weeks of life, while they were remedially trained on a delayed-nonmatch-to-sample memory task. Seizure-exposed rats showed initial difficulties learning the task but performed similarly to control rats after extra training. Whole-session analyses illustrated enhanced theta power in all three structures while seizure rats learned response tasks before the memory task. While performing the memory task, dynamic oscillation patterns revealed that prefrontal cortex theta power was increased among seizure-exposed rats. This enhancement appeared after the first memory-training steps using short delays and plateaued at the most difficult steps, which included both short and long delays. Further, seizure rats showed enhanced CA1–prefrontal cortex theta coherence in correct trials compared with incorrect trials when long delays were imposed, suggesting increased hippocampal–prefrontal cortex synchrony for the task in this group when memory demand was high. Seizure-exposed rats also showed heightened gamma power and coherence among all three structures during the trials. Our results demonstrate the first evidence of hippocampal–prefrontal enhancements following seizures in early development. Dynamic compensatory changes in this network and interconnected circuits may underpin cognitive rehabilitation following other neurological insults to higher cognitive systems.
Structural basis for induced formation of the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2

Prostaglandins (PG) are bioactive lipids produced from arachidonic acid via the action of cyclooxygenases and terminal PG synthases. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (MPGES1) constitutes an inducible glutathione-dependent integral membrane protein that catalyzes the oxidoreduction of cyclooxygenase derived PGH2 into PGE2. MPGES1 has been implicated in a number of human diseases or pathological conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, fever, and pain, and is therefore regarded as a primary target for development of novel antiinflammatory drugs. To provide a structural basis for insight in the catalytic mechanism, we determined the structure of MPGES1 in complex with glutathione by electron crystallography from 2D crystals induced in the presence of phospholipids. Together with results from site-directed mutagenesis and activity measurements, we can thereby demonstrate the role of specific amino acid residues. Glutathione is found to bind in a U-shaped conformation at the interface between subunits in the protein trimer. It is exposed to a site facing the lipid bilayer, which forms the specific environment for the oxidoreduction of PGH2 to PGE2 after displacement of the cytoplasmic half of the N-terminal transmembrane helix. Hence, insight into the dynamic behavior of MPGES1 and homologous membrane proteins in inflammation and detoxification is provided.
Age effects of reported child maltreatment in a Canadian sample of children and adolescents

The general purpose of this study was to examine the proportions of children and adolescents identified with behavioral, emotional and cognitive clinical findings and disabilities. Data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) were used in this study. Participants in this study included 7672 children aged 0 to 15 years who were reported for maltreatment and investigated by child welfare services across Canada. It was found that behaviour problem was the most common clinical finding in all age levels and psychiatric disorder was among the least common across all ages. Significant relationships were found among age levels and each clinical finding. A significant relationship was also found among age levels and having at least one clinical finding. Generally, the proportions of children for each clinical finding increased with age. Developmental delay was the most common disability at all age levels. Significant relationships among age levels were revealed for other health conditions, physical or developmental disability, and having at least one disability. The proportions of children identified for each disability generally decreased as age increased. The results suggest the use of a developmental approach to address the assessment, prevention, and intervention needs of these children and adolescents.
An Analysis of the Association of Gastroenteric Lesions with Chronic Wasting Syndrome of Marmosets

Retrospective pathology data from necropsies of 162 marmosets, Saguinus oedipus, were studied to determine the nature of chronic wasting syndrome, a poorly defined entity associated with a high mortality rate in many marmoset colonies. Paraffin sections of the gastroenteric organs of 116 of these marmosets were re-examined in detail; lesions were identified, quantitated, and analyzed with a method of multiple chi-square testing for possible associations between findings. Five distinct disease entities were identified: prosthenorchosis, amebiasis, paramyxovirus disease, sepsis, and chronic colitis. Lesions of several of these often occurred in the same monkey, and all but the first were associated with cachexia. Lesions of chronic colitis were crypt abscesses, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear infiltration of the lamina propria, epithelial cell atypia, karyorrhexis, and lymphoid hyperplasia. The cause of chronic colitis was not identified, nor was any explanation found for weight loss and increased susceptibility to disease.
Chromosome abnormalities in two patients with features of autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome

How to cite this article: Mazzeu JF, Krepischi-Santos AC, Rosenberg C, Szuhai K, Knijnenburg J,Weiss JMM, Kerkis I, Mustacchi Z, Colin G, Mombach R, Pavanello RM, Otto PA,Vianna-Morgante AM. 2007. Chromosome abnormalities in two patients with features ofautosomal dominant Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet Part A 143A:1790–1795.
Acoustical features as predictors for prominence in read aloud dutch sentences used in ANN's

In this paper we present several acoustical features, which are used as predictors for prominence. A set of 1244 sentences from 273 different speakers is selected from the Dutch Polyphone Corpus. Via listening experiments the subjective prominence markers are obtained. Several acoustical features concerning F 0 , energy and duration are derived and used as predictors for prominence. The sentences are divided in a test and a training set, to test and train neural networks with different topologies and different input features. The first results show that a classification of prominent and non-prominent words is possible with 82.1% correct for an independent test set.