Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innate immune response to homologous rotavirus infection in the small intestinal villous epithelium at single-cell resolution

“Bulk” measurements of antiviral innate immune responses from pooled cells yield averaged signals and do not reveal underlying signaling heterogeneity in infected and bystander single cells. We examined such heterogeneity in the small intestine during rotavirus (RV) infection. Murine RV EW robustly activated type I IFNs and several antiviral genes (IFN-stimulated genes) in the intestine by bulk analysis, the source of induced IFNs primarily being hematopoietic cells. Flow cytometry and microfluidics-based single-cell multiplex RT-PCR allowed dissection of IFN responses in single RV-infected and bystander intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). EW replicates in IEC subsets differing in their basal type I IFN transcription and induces IRF3-dependent and IRF3-augmented transcription, but not NF-κB–dependent or type I IFN transcripts. Bystander cells did not display enhanced type I IFN transcription but had elevated levels of certain IFN-stimulated genes, presumably in response to exogenous IFNs secreted from immune cells. Comparison of IRF3 and NF-κB induction in STAT1−/− mice revealed that murine but not simian RRV mediated accumulation of IkB-α protein and decreased transcription of NF-κB–dependent genes. RRV replication was significantly rescued in IFN types I and II, as well as STAT1 (IFN types I, II, and III) deficient mice in contrast to EW, which was only modestly sensitive to IFNs I and II. Resolution of “averaged” innate immune responses in single IECs thus revealed unexpected heterogeneity in both the induction and subversion of early host antiviral immunity, which modulated host range.
The golden hour and the silver day: detection and correction of occult hypoperfusion within 24 hours improves outcome from major trauma.

BACKGROUND The significance of occult hypoperfusion (OH) in the development of respiratory complications (RC), multiple system organ failure (MSOF), and death, and the effect of rapid identification and correction of OH in the severely injured trauma patient was investigated. METHODS A pilot retrospective study and the analysis of a prospective protocol to correct OH were performed. Pilot study: all trauma patients admitted to our Level I trauma center between February and December of 1995, who survived greater than 48 hours, had an Injury Severity Score greater than or equal to 20, and intensive care unit stays greater than 48 hours were evaluated. Prospective study: patients admitted between January 1, 1996, and April 30, 1997, who survived greater than 24 hours, with Injury Severity Score greater than or equal to 20, and who were hemodynamically stable (systolic blood pressure greater than 100, pulse rate less than 120, and urine output greater than 1 mL/kg per hour) were included. Serum lactic acid (LA) levels were measured at arrival and at proscribed intervals. In the pilot study, initial LA levels were examined in relation to outcome and complications. In the prospective study, patients with two consecutive LA levels greater than 2.5 mmol/L underwent invasive monitoring and vigorous resuscitation to correct their lactic acidosis. RESULTS Among the 31 patients studied in the pilot study, there were 4 deaths, 6 cases of MSOF, and 13 patients with RC. Lactic acidosis and poor cardiac performance, as evidenced by low cardiac index (CI) with normal filling pressures, were seen in all cases of MSOF and RC, as well as in all deaths. From these results, the prospective study was performed. Eighty-five intensive care unit patients met criteria for inclusion in the study. Six additional patients were excluded because of severe, untreatable intracranial hypertension at admission to the intensive care unit. Fifty-eight of these patients had OH in the first 24 hours. Forty-four patients corrected their OH within 24 hours with vigorous resuscitation. There were no deaths, three cases of MSOF, and 10 cases of RC in those patients who corrected OH within 24 hours. Persistent OH (>24 hours) was seen in 14 patients, despite resuscitative efforts, 43% of whom died. MSOF and RC were present in 36% and 50% of cases, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Initial lactic acidosis is associated with lower cardiac performance and higher morbidity and mortality. Persistent OH is associated with higher rates of RC, MSOF, and death after severe trauma. Early identification and aggressive resuscitation aimed at correcting continued elevation in serum lactate improves survival and reduces complications in severely injured trauma patients.
The Refugee Experience of Social Cohesion in Australia: Exploring the Roles of Racism, Intercultural Contact, and the Media

In this article we examine factors that enhance or disrupt social cohesion for refugees in communities in Perth, Sydney, and Murray Bridge. The data, from 54 interviews and focus groups with 138 people, are drawn from a larger study using Jenson's multidimensional framework of social cohesion. We found that racism, intercultural contact, and the media had multiple and interrelated effects on aspects of social cohesion such as belonging, participation, and inclusion. The findings demonstrate the utility of the multidimensional framework for understanding refugees’ settlement experiences and outcomes and highlight key areas for policy and practice in refugee resettlement in Australia.
GLocks: Efficient Support for Highly-Contended Locks in Many-Core CMPs

Synchronization is of paramount importance to exploit thread-level parallelism on many-core CMPs. In these architectures, synchronization mechanisms usually rely on shared variables to coordinate multithreaded access to shared data structures thus avoiding data dependency conflicts. Lock synchronization is known to be a key limitation to performance and scalability. On the one hand, lock acquisition through busy waiting on shared variables generates additional coherence activity which interferes with applications. On the other hand, lock contention causes serialization which results in performance degradation. This paper proposes and evaluates \textit{GLocks}, a hardware-supported implementation for highly-contended locks in the context of many-core CMPs. \textit{GLocks} use a token-based message-passing protocol over a dedicated network built on state-of-the-art technology. This approach skips the memory hierarchy to provide a non-intrusive, extremely efficient and fair lock implementation with negligible impact on energy consumption or die area. A comprehensive comparison against the most efficient shared-memory-based lock implementation for a set of micro benchmarks and real applications quantifies the goodness of \textit{GLocks}. Performance results show an average reduction of 42% and 14% in execution time, an average reduction of 76% and 23% in network traffic, and also an average reduction of 78% and 28% in energy-delay$^2$ product (ED$^2$P) metric for the full CMP for the micro benchmarks and the real applications, respectively. In light of our performance results, we can conclude that \textit{GLocks} satisfy our initial working hypothesis. \textit{GLocks} minimize cache-coherence network traffic due to lock synchronization which translates into reduced power consumption and execution time.
Students with Disabilities' Perspectives of the Role and Impact of Paraprofessionals in Inclusive Education Settings.

Abstract Over the past few decades, the role and presence of the paraprofessional, that is the educational assistant, within the classroom has evolved from providing teacher and student support to involving greater decision-making concerning instructional content and practice. The extent to which this shift is impacting students with a variety of mild to severe developmental disabilities is a crucial question that to date remains under-researched and unanswered. The authors studied this issue by probing students' perceptions concerning the role of their paraprofessionals and their impact on the student's inclusive education experience. The authors explored the following perspective areas noted by the students: student personal control, impact on peer relations, dependency on adults, instructional relationship of teachers compared to paraprofessionals, and inclusion of peers. In general, the authors found that students felt that their paraprofessionals were viewed favorably by peers, but that promotion of socialization and peer networking may have been compromised as they reported that they spent a majority of the school day interacting with the paraprofessional as opposed to other students. Other factors bear consideration as well, and the authors conclude that the educational system continues to be in need of revamping, and that the efficacy of the system needs to be demonstrated by empirical evidence.
Virtual Mentor

The enormous disparity between research funding for studies on conventional pharmacological therapies and nonconventional modalities reflects entrenched biases that promote Western allopathic medicine at the expense of promising treatments from non-Western systems of medicine. I wish to examine some of the ethical and practical consequences of the funding disparity with emphasis on mental health care. The limitations of conventional psychopharmacologic treatments suggest that an important future goal of mental health research should be the systematic evaluation of promising nonallopathic modalities.
Individual Differences in Facial Emotion Processing

This study tested whether trait emotional intelligence (TEI) measures of narrow bandwidth predict perception of facial emotion, using two tasks: identification of microexpressions of emotion and controlled visual search for target emotions. A total of 129 undergraduates completed multiple scales for TEI, as well as cognitive ability, personality, and stress measures. TEI was associated with a reduced stress response, but failed to predict performance on either task, contrary to the initial hypothesis. However, performance related significantly to higher cognitive intelligence, subjective task engagement, and use of task-focused coping. Individual differences in attentional resources may support processing of both emotive and non-emotive stimuli.
A Comparison of the Isometric Midthigh Pull and Isometric Squat: Intraday Reliability, Usefulness, and the Magnitude of Difference Between Tests.

PURPOSE To examine the reliability and usefulness of the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and isometric squat (ISqT) performed at the same knee and hip angles. The scores produced in each test were compared to determine the magnitude of differences between tests. METHODS Twenty-six male and female athletes (age, 23.6 [4.3] y; height, 1.75 [0.07] m; and body mass, 68.8 [9.7] kg) performed 2 maximal repetitions of the IMTP and ISqT following a specific warm-up. RESULTS Maximum force, absolute peak force (PF), relative PF, allometrically scaled PF, rate of force development (0-200 and 0-250 ms), and impulse (0-300 ms) were deemed reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥.86 and coefficient of variation [CV] ≤9.4%) in the IMTP and ISqT based on predetermined criteria (ICC ≥.8 and CV ≤10%). Impulse (0-200 and 0-250 ms) was reliable in the ISqT (ICC ≥.92 and CV ≤9.9%). Participants produced significantly (P < .05) greater PF and impulse (0-300 ms) during the ISqT compared with the IMTP. When split by sex, female participants produced significantly greater PF (P = .042) during the ISqT, with no significant differences among male participants (P = .245). Both tests are capable of detecting changes in performance in maximum force and absolute PF. CONCLUSIONS Both tests are reliable for non-time-dependent maximal strength measures when measured at the same knee and hip angles. The ISqT may be preferred when coaches want to test an athlete's true maximum lower-limb strength, especially female athletes.
Elements of Success: Olympic Swimming Gold Medalists' Understanding of Their Competition-Day Routines

This study examined the competitive routines that five male Olympic gold medalist swimmers from the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games undertook during successful elite competition days that they believe were critical to their success. Researchers sought to understand the significance of these actions based upon the meaning provided by these elite athletes. Participants engaged in an initial interview, a two-day training visit, a competition observation during an elite meet, and a follow-up interview. The swimmers' coaches were interviewed as key informants. Utilizing constructivist grounded theory, the larger study yielded several key results. First, researchers detailed a new holistic competition-day routine consisting of 12 segments and 2 types of preparations. Second, the purpose of this article was to define four elements that were critical to the athletes understanding and adherence to their competition-day routine. Each of the elements, which were flexibility, adaptation, time management, and task acquisition, was significant both individually and collectively.
Working in music: the conservatoire professor

This article describes an innovative approach to analysing, describing and evaluating the careers of musicians, and applies it in the case of 37 ‘professors’, that is, instrumental teachers, working at a conservatoire in the UK. The professors emerge as flexible and committed musicians who enjoy teaching conservatoire students, and who nearly all feel that they benefit musically and personally from this work.
Prototype selection for finding efficient representations of dissimilarity data

The nearest neighbor (NN) rule is a simple and intuitive method for solving classification problems. Originally, it uses distances to the complete training set. It performs well, however it is sensitive to noisy objects, due to its operation on local neighborhoods only. A more global approach is possible by mapping the distance data onto a pseudo-Euclidean space, such that the distances are preserved as well as possible. Then, a classifier built in such a space can outperform the NN rule. However, again all objects from the training set are used for the projection of new data. This paper addresses the issue of reducing the training set while possibly preserving the original structure of the mapped data. Some criteria are introduced and evaluated against two problems, polygon recognition and digit recognition. Our experiments show that the representation mismatch criterion is beneficial for the applications considered. Moreover, the linear classifier built in the pseudo-Euclidean space, determined by 20% - 25% of the training objects, outperforms the NN rule based on all of them.
MULTI-LAYER INTEGRATED FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES FOR PLANAR AND CONFORMAL CYLINDRICAL PHASED ARRAYS

In this contribution, we present an efficient approach for the design of multi-layer planar and cylindrical arrays with integrated Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS’s). The design of such arrays responds to the more and more demanding requirements on modern array antennas in terms of structural integration and reduced Radar Cross Section (RCS). The proposed approach is based on an Integral Equation Multi-mode Equivalent Network formulation and the Unit Cell approach. The value of the results presented is in that, due to the modularity of this formulation, dielectric radomes and frequency selective screens in front of the array, as well as additional junctions and waveguide discontinuities, can be easily included in the analysis.
Preschool Children's Pitch-Matching Accuracy in Relation to Participation in Cantonese-Immersion Preschools

This study is an investigation of the degree to which preschool children enrolled in Cantonese-immersion preschools in three areas of the United States differed from their monolingual counterparts in pitch-matching accuracy. In a 2003 study, I found that in monolingual American English-speaking children, pitch-matching accuracy was most significantly predicted by the mean speech frequency of the voice, speech range, and age. In the present study, 20 children from the first study were matched solely by age and sex to 20 immersion children (N = 40). Results indicated that participation in the Cantonese-immersion programs most significantly affected overall pitch-matching accuracy (p < .001), with age as the strongest predictor of singing the lower notes in the study (p = . 04). Implications of these findings in relation to physiological vocal development and vocal use are also discussed.
Neural control in human muscle fatigue: changes in muscle afferents, moto neurones and moto cortical drive

To understand the neural factors which contribute to fatigue, it is not satisfactory to regard fatigue as occurring only when a task can no longer be performed. Changes in muscle afferent feedback, moto neuronal discharge, moto cortical output, and perceived effort develop well before an endurance limit in limb muscles. During sustained maximal contractions the discharge of moto neurones declines, commonly to below the level required to produce maximal force from the muscle whose contractile speed is usually slowed. Thus, some 'central' fatigue develops. Recent findings using transcranial stimulation have revealed that the moto cortex is one site at which suboptimal output develops during human muscle fatigue. There is a need to study the reflex effects on moto neurones and the excitability of the moto cortex in experimental animals, as well as to apply rigorous methods to assess these processes in voluntary exercise in human subjects.
Application of the Polygraph Examination in the Assessment and Treatment of Internet Sex Offenders

Abstract Mental health and criminal justice professionals have been faced with the emergence of a new category of sex offender who utilizes the Internet to initiate or commit deviant sexual acts. Although the number of sex-related Internet crimes continues to increase, there is limited information pertaining to the characteristics and offense patterns of this specific subtype of sex offender. This lack of information poses challenges in the assessment and treatment of this population. The polygraph examination, which may result in the revelation of previously undisclosed offenses or risk factors for re-offending, may have particular utility with Internet sex offenders given that little is known about the nature of their offense patterns. Although use of the polygraph may hold special promise for this population, caution is advised, given the limitations of polygraph techniques.
Is There a Place for Me? Role Models and Academic Identity among White Students and Students of Color

Role models have long been thought to play an important role in young peoples’ development. The present study explores the ways that race- and gender-matched role models can provide young people with a greater sense of the opportunities available to them in the world. A longitudinal study of young adolescents (N = 80) revealed that students who reported having at least one race- and gender-matched role model at the beginning of the study performed better academically up to 24 months later, reported more achievement-oriented goals, enjoyed achievement-relevant activities to a greater degree, thought more about their futures, and looked up to adults rather than peers more often than did students without a race- and gender-matched role model. These effects held only for race- and gender-matched role models—not for non-matched role models. Finally, the results held irrespective of the educational achievements of the specific role model. Data are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of the ways that young people become invested in academic pursuits and the means by which we might be able to assist goal development among young people.
First-in-man randomised comparison of a novel sirolimus-eluting stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer and thin-strut cobalt-chromium alloy: INSPIRON-I trial.

AIMS The INSPIRON-I trial is a first-in-man evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the Inspiron drug-eluting stent, a sirolimus-eluting stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer coating and thin cobalt-chromium alloy. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a randomised, multicentre comparison between Inspiron and a stent with the same metallic structure but without polymer coating or drug elution (Cronus). The primary objective was to evaluate the in-segment late loss (LLL) at six months. Secondary endpoints included percent in-stent obstruction as measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at six months and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Fifty-eight patients were enrolled (60 lesions), 39 for Inspiron and 19 for Cronus. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics of both groups were similar. At six months, the in-segment LLL was reduced in the Inspiron group compared to the control group (0.19±0.16 mm vs. 0.58±0.4 mm, respectively; p<0.001), as well as the percent neointimal obstruction (7.8±7.1% vs. 26.5±11.4%; p<0.001). At two-year follow-up, incidence of MACE was similar between groups (7.9 vs. 21.1%, respectively; p=0.20), with lower target lesion revascularisation for Inspiron (0 vs. 21.1%, respectively; p=0.01) and no stent thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Sirolimus eluted from an abluminal biodegradable polymer on a cobalt-chromium alloy proved effective in reducing restenosis at six months.
Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest

The natural rate of interestthe real interest rate consistent with output equaling its natural rate and stable inflationplays a central role in macroeconomic theory and monetary policy. Estimation of the natural rate of interest, however, has received little attention. We apply the Kalman filter to estimate jointly time-varying natural rates of interest and output and trend growth. We find a close link between the natural rate of interest and the trend growth rate, as predicted by theory. Estimates of the natural rate of interest, however, are very imprecise and subject to considerable real-time measurement error.
Risks, Rights and Justice: Understanding and Responding to Youth Risk

This article reviews current social policy and penal policy responses to risk, with particular attention to how policies of responsibilization have implications for rights leading to an increased emphasis upon conditional rights. Responsibilization has also framed risk policies as increasingly preventative (and potentially exclusionary) and the limits of this `risk factorology' approach are examined. The article concludes with a brief review of the implications for current youth justice practice and the possibility for practitioner resistance to current policy responses to `problematic' and `risky' youth.
Teachers and the Academic Disciplines

Alasdair MacIntyre's argument, that teaching is not a social practice, has been extensively criticised, and indeed teaching is normally understood more generally to be a form of generic activity that is a practice in its own right. His associated proposition, that teachers are practitioners of the discipline they teach, has, however, received considerably less attention. MacIntyre himself recognised that for teachers to be understood as being part of the discipline they teach, a broader definition of what is meant by ‘discipline’ would be required. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to make a distinction between a ‘discipline’ and a ‘profession’ and not to conflate the practice of the discipline with the practice of professional academics. Such a distinction makes it possible to argue that teachers are engaged in the practice of the discipline they teach. As recent developments in social epistemology and the sociology of knowledge have suggested, it is indeed not just possible, but arguably necessary, to understand teachers in these terms. In seeking to understand what it means to be a teacher, there is thus much to be gained from further reflection as to the relationship between a teacher and his or her academic discipline. The reconsideration of this relationship might well cause us to challenge the idea that teaching is a form of generic activity.