Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Key Leaders in Social Networks

This paper examines optimal targeting and sequencing strategies in the setup proposed by Ballester et al. [3]. The setup features payoff externalities and strategic complementarity among players, who non-cooperatively determine their contributions. We first analyze a two-stage game in which players in the leader group make contributions before the follower group. We construct an exact index to identify the (single) key leader, and demonstrate that the key leader can differ substantially from the key player who most influences the network in the simultaneous-move game. Using Taylor expansions on the strength of network effects, we establish an isomorphism between the optimal leader group selection (targeting) strategy and the classical weighted maximum-cut problem. This approach leads to some design principles for unweighted complete graphs and bipartite graphs.
Binary-SDMOPSO and its application in channel selection for Brain-Computer Interfaces

In [1], we introduced Smart Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation using Decomposition (SDMOPSO). The method uses the decomposition approach proposed in Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), whereby a multi-objective problem (MOP) is represented as several scalar aggregation problems. The scalar aggregation problems are viewed as particles in a swarm; each particle assigns weights to every optimisation objective. The problem is solved then as a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation (MOPSO), in which every particle uses information from a set of defined neighbours. This work customize SDMOSPO to cover binary problems and applies the proposed binary method on the channel selection problem for Brain-Computer Interfaces(BCI).
Influence of presentation features and news content on learning from television news

Other than audience variables and situational factors, the effects of television news on learning information are primarily influenced by characteristics of the news items themselves and the formal features of their presentations. This study was based on two assumptions. First, learning is the result of specific interaction effects between formal features and content of a news item. Certain presentation features are most effective for certain news items. Second, the measured influence of presentation features is dependent on the kind of knowledge analyzed, and on the instrument used to measure knowledge gain. In an experiment, four versions of news films were produced; 89 subjects saw these versions in an incidental learning situation. The results supported both assumptions. Suggestions for further research are given.
Citation Analysis and Trends in Knowledge Management

This study presents a new citation analysis methodology that combines elements of classic methodologies dating back to very early “by-hand” citation analyses with modern technological tools that allow researchers to quickly organize and retrieve citation data and articles. The researchers examined nearly 13,000 citations from knowledge management articles published in the top MIS journals in order to establish both quality contributions to the field as well as to gain insight into where the field is heading. A steep decline in the number of articles cited after 2001 leads researchers to question why recent publications are not being cited more often. The researches suggest that this decline might be due to a decrease in relevant research or changing dynamics in the field. The 25-most cited works in KM are presented along with a timeline of citations in the field.
Making Nets Work Hard

L'A. oppose au modele artificiel de cognition, applique par A. Clark et A. Karmiloff-Smith dans leur article «The Cognizer's Innards», une strategie minimaliste qui permet d'evaluer plus simplement l'accession a la connaissance par les reseaux connexionnistes. A l'aide de ce modele il rend compte de l'acquisition de la syntaxe chez l'enfant, illustree par l'acquisition de la distinction entre reference indefinie et reference numerique, en anglais et en francais
Reduction of leg pain and lower-extremity weakness for 1 year with Oxiplex/SP gel following laminectomy, laminotomy, and discectomy.

OBJECT Although good surgical technique is effective in reducing postoperative epidural fibrosis, compression or tethering of the nerve root may cause recurrent radicular pain and physical impairment. The implantation of a bioresorbable gel on the dura may further decrease the amount of scar formation after surgery and thus improve the patient's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). This study is a 12-month evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of Oxiplex/SP Gel (FzioMed, Inc., San Luis Obispo, CA) in the reduction of pain and radiculopathy after lumbar discectomy. METHODS A pilot randomized single-blind multicenter clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of Oxiplex/SP Gel in patients who underwent surgery for unilateral herniation of the lumbar disc at L4-5 or L5-S1. Eighteen patients with severe leg pain and lower-extremity weakness (11 women and seven men) were randomly assigned intraoperatively to receive the gel at the conclusion of surgery (treatment group) or to undergo surgery alone (control group). Self-assessment questionnaires (Lumbar Spine Outcomes Questionnaire) to assess pain, symptoms, and ADL were completed preoperatively and at scheduled postoperative intervals (30 days, 90 days, 6 months, and 12 months). The authors examined the spine and lower extremities of patients scheduled for discectomy to assess neurological function and pain. Treated patients received sufficient Oxiplex/SP Gel (1-3 ml) to coat the nerve root and fill the epidural space. Postoperative clinical evaluations were performed at 30 and 90 days. Patients completed the self-assessment questionnaires at baseline and were contacted by telephone or mail for the completion of the postoperative self-assessment questionnaires. Surgical procedures were well tolerated; no device-related adverse events and no clinically significant laboratory results were reported. The 11 patients with severe leg pain and lower-extremity weakness who were treated with Oxiplex/SP Gel had a reduction in those symptoms at 30 days, 90 days, 6 months, and 12 months after discectomy, compared with the seven control patients who underwent surgery only. CONCLUSIONS Oxiplex/SP Gel was easy to use and safe in patients who underwent unilateral discectomy. A greater benefit in clinical outcome measures was seen over the 12-month follow-up period in gel-treated patients.
A Semantic-Enhanced Quality-based Approach to Handling Data Sources in Enterprise Service Bus

Data quality plays an important role in success of organizations. Poor data quality might signiﬁcantly aﬀect organizations’ businesses since wrong decisions can be made based on data with poor quality. It is therefore necessary to make data quality information available to data users and allow them to select data sources based on their given requirements. Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) can be used to tackle data integration issues. However, data sources are maintained out of the ESB’s control. This leads to a problem faced by users when it comes to selecting the most suitable data source among available ones. In this article, we present an approach to handling data sources in ESB based on data-quality and semantic technology. This introduces a new level of abstraction that can improve the process of data quality handling with the help of semantic technologies. We evaluate our work using three diﬀerent scenarios within the wind energy domain.
Cost of a ventilator-associated pneumonia in a shock trauma intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND Nosocomial pneumonia and especially ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are costly complications for the hospitalized patient. Nosocomial pneumonia has been estimated to cost $5,000 per episode, but the specific cost for a VAP has not been well estimated. As part of a successful performance improvement program in decreasing VAP from 10 VAPs/100 ICU admissions to 2.5 VAPs/100 ICU admissions, we examined the costs associated with VAP. METHODS From January 1, 2002, through September 30, 2003, Shock Trauma Intensive Care Unit patients and charts were reviewed concurrently by an infection control practitioner for development of VAP as defined by National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) guidelines. Costs were obtained from the hospital's cost accounting software Transition Systems version 3.1. 01 (TSI). All patients requiring greater than one day of mechanical ventilation were evaluated. Seventy patients with VAP and 70 patients without VAP were matched according to age and Injury Severity Score. Differences were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and two sample T-tests. Significance was considered for p < 0.05. RESULTS The ICU cost difference was significant (p < 0.05) between the case-controlled patients with VAP ($82,195) and those without VAP ($25,037). There was also a significant increase in ICU length of stay (21.6 versus 6.4 days) and the number of ventilator days (17.7 versus 5.8; both, p < 0.05). Mortality was not different in the case-controlled population. A substantial portion of the increased cost of a VAP was from the increase in ICU length of stay ($1,861/day). Pharmacy, respiratory and "other" also accounted for the increases when cost distribution was analyzed. This translates into a cost avoidance of approximately $428,685 per 100 admissions to the ICU. CONCLUSIONS Ventilator-associated pneumonia not only leads to a significant increase in ventilator days and ICU length of stay, but adds substantially to hospital costs. In our ICU, an episode of VAP costs $57,000 per occurrence.
Efficient ℓq Minimization Algorithms for Compressive Sensing Based on Proximity Operator

This paper considers solving the unconstrained $\ell_q$-norm ($0\leq q<1$) regularized least squares ($\ell_q$-LS) problem for recovering sparse signals in compressive sensing. We propose two highly efficient first-order algorithms via incorporating the proximity operator for nonconvex $\ell_q$-norm functions into the fast iterative shrinkage/thresholding (FISTA) and the alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) frameworks, respectively. Furthermore, in solving the nonconvex $\ell_q$-LS problem, a sequential minimization strategy is adopted in the new algorithms to gain better global convergence performance. Unlike most existing $\ell_q$-minimization algorithms, the new algorithms solve the $\ell_q$-minimization problem without smoothing (approximating) the $\ell_q$-norm. Meanwhile, the new algorithms scale well for large-scale problems, as often encountered in image processing. We show that the proposed algorithms are the fastest methods in solving the nonconvex $\ell_q$-minimization problem, while offering competent performance in recovering sparse signals and compressible images compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms.
The use of computer technology in experimental studies of second language acquisition: a survey of some techniques and some ongoing studies.

This paper first gives a brief characterization of the ways in which second-language acquisition researchers use the computer to elicit L2 production data or to record how L2 learners process L2 input. Eight tasks and/or techniques are described; most of them borrowed from the experimental toolbox of psychologists. The paper then describes the use of computer technology in some ongoing investigations in which the author participates. These investigations pertain to the acquisition of automaticity in L2 reading, writing, and listening, and to the use of electronic bilingual dictionaries.
Intimate Partner Acceptance, Parental Acceptance, Behavioral Control, and Psychological Adjustment Among Finnish Adults in Ongoing Attachment Relationships

This study explored gender differences in relations among perceived parental (maternal and paternal) acceptance and behavioral control, perceived partner acceptance and behavioral control, and psychological adjustment in 166 university students in Finland. Results showed significant positive correlations between men's and women's psychological adjustment and perceived partner acceptance as well as remembrances of both maternal and paternal acceptance in childhood. The single exception to this conclusion was the nonsignificant correlation between psychological adjustment and men's perceptions of their intimate partners' acceptance. In addition, neither partners' nor parents' behavioral control was significantly correlated with the psychological adjustment of either men or women. Accordingly, behavioral control was dropped from further analyses. Multiple regression analyses showed that only remembrances of fathers' acceptance in childhood were associated significantly with men's psychological adjustment. For women, however, both partner acceptance and remembered paternal acceptance (but not maternal acceptance) were uniquely and independently associated with psychological adjustment.
Forgiveness As A Psychotherapeutic Goal With Elderly Females

A psychotherapeutic intervention with forgiveness as the goal was implemented with 24 elderly females. The client's goal was to forgive one person who had inflicted considerable psychological hurt, as judged by the client. The subjects were randomly assigned to a forgiveness condition and a control group. The forgiveness group followed a treatment model based on Enright et al. (1991). Dependent variables included two forgiveness scales, a self-esteem inventory, a psychological depression scale, and a state-trait anxiety scale. Following the eight week intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher forgiveness profiles at posttest compared with the control group. Both groups significantly decreased from pretest to posttest on psychological depression and trait anxiety. Implications for forgiveness counseling are discussed.
Accounting Data, Market Values, and the Cross Section of Expected Returns Worldwide

Under fairly general assumptions, expected stock returns are a linear combination of two accounting fundamentals ― book to market and ROE. Empirical estimates based on this relation predict the cross section of out-of-sample returns in 26 of 29 international equity markets, with a highly significant average slope coefficient of 1.05. In sharp contrast, standard factor-model-based proxies fail to exhibit predictive power internationally. We show analytically and empirically that the importance of ROE in forecasting returns depends on the quality of accounting information. Overall, a tractable accounting-based valuation model provides a unifying framework for obtaining reliable proxies of expected returns worldwide.
FLAMES spectroscopy of low-mass stars in the young clusters σ Ori and λ Ori ,

Aims. We performed a detailed membership selection and studied the accretion properties of low-mass stars in the two apparently very similar young (1–10 Myr) clusters σ Ori and λ Ori. Methods. We observed 98 and 49 low-mass (0.2–1.0 M� ) stars in σ Ori and λ Ori respectively, using the multi-object optical spectrograph FLAMES at the VLT, with the high-resolution (R ∼ 17 000) HR15N grating (6470–6790 A). We used radial velocities, Li and Hα to establish cluster membership and Hα and other optical emission lines to analyze the accretion properties of members. Results. We identified 65 and 45 members of the σ Ori and λ Ori clusters, respectively, and discovered 16 new candidate binary systems. We also measured rotational broadening for 20 stars and estimated the mass accretion rates in 25 stars of the σ Ori cluster, f
Effects of Televised Instruction on Student Music Selection, Music Skills, and Attitudes

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the extent to which differential training in aural discrimination would result in subsequent music selection. Students trained to discriminate components of instrumental music only and vocal music only were compared to a contact control group. Pretests and posttests consisted of the subject's operant music selection, cognitive music skills, and attitudes about school music. Results indicated no difference among groups on the three dependent measures. Pre-posttest difference scores for each individual group revealed significant increase in time spent listening to instrumental music for the contact control group, significant increase in cognitive music skills for all groups, and no change in attitude about school music for any group. On the basis of these data, it appears that the three treatments did not function differentially to change first-grade student music selection, cognitive music skills, or attitudes about school music. This surprising absence of influence might suggest that knowing is not valuing.
Genetic Variants in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR Pathway Predict Head and Neck Cancer Patient Second Primary Tumor/Recurrence Risk and Response to Retinoid Chemoprevention

Purpose: The development of second primary tumors (SPT) or recurrence alters prognosis for curatively treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. The 13-cis-Retinoic acid (13-cRA) has been tested as a chemoprevention agent in clinical trials with mixed results. Therefore, we investigated whether genetic variants in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway could serve as biomarkers to identify which patients are at high risk of an SPT/recurrence, while also predicting response to 13-cRA chemoprevention. Experimental Design: A total of 137 pathway single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 440 patients from the Retinoid Head and Neck Second Primary Trial and assessed for SPT/recurrence risk and response to 13-cRA. Risk models were created based on epidemiology, clinical, and genetic data. Results: Twenty-two genetic loci were associated with increased SPT/recurrence risk, with six also being associated with a significant benefit following chemoprevention. Combined analysis of these high-risk/high-benefit loci identified a significant (P = 1.54 × 10−4) dose–response relationship for SPT/recurrence risk, with patients carrying four to five high-risk genotypes having a 3.76-fold [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.87–7.57] increase in risk in the placebo group (n = 215). Patients carrying four to five high-risk loci showed the most benefit from 13-cRA chemoprevention, with a 73% reduction in SPT/recurrence (95% CI, 0.13–0.58) compared with those with the same number of high-risk genotypes who were randomized to receive placebo. Incorporation of these loci into a risk model significantly improved the discriminatory ability over models with epidemiology, clinical, and previously identified genetic variables. Conclusions: These results show that loci within this important pathway could identify individuals with a high-risk/high-benefit profile and are a step toward personalized chemoprevention for HNSCC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 18(13); 3705–13. ©2012 AACR.
Reflexivity and the Institutional Entrepreneur: A Historical Exploration

This article sets the idea of the `institutional entrepreneur' in the context of the `autonomous reflexive' as developed in the work of Margaret Archer. It argues that the latter notion provides a helpful approach to the issue of agency that has bedevilled the new institutionalist project. A detailed account, using the lens supplied by the notion of the autonomous reflexive, is given of the formation of Sir Andrew Barclay Walker, a pioneer of directly managed public houses. The article suggests that Walker used taken-for-granted practice, transferred from elsewhere, to develop his managerial systems. The importance of aspects of Walker's Scottish background, such as education and church governance, is stressed. The account of agency supplied by Archer is seen to be a conception of agency that can inform the debate over the nature of institutional entrepreneurship.
Performance Approach, Performance Avoidance and Depth of Information Processing: A fresh look at relations between students' academic motivation and cognition

This study examines the effects of motivational approach on the recall of verbal information processed at shallow and deep levels. Two hundred students attending the same primary school were randomly assigned to either a mastery focused condition, performance approach condition, performance avoidance condition, or a control group. The participants were motivationally manipulated prior to receiving 12 stimulus words designed to be encoded at either shallow or deep levels of processing. A free recall test followed, then a cued recall test. Results indicate that students remembered more stimulus words during cued recall than free recall. Recall of verbal information was superior when processed according to the deeper (category and sentence) levels of processing. Performance approach and avoidance goals resulted in superior recall during free and cued recall, compared with a mastery goal or with the control group. The usefulness of these findings for promoting greater clarity among motivational frameworks and ideas for further research are discussed.
Team work at its best – TAPL and its two domains

Abstract The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAPL, ABCB9) is a homodimeric ABC transporter, shuttling cytosolic polypeptides into the lumen of lysosomes energized by ATP hydrolysis. Here we give a short overview of the superfamily of ABC transporters and summarize the current state of knowledge on TAPL in detail. The architecture of TAPL and its substrate specificity are described and we discuss the function of an extra N-terminal transmembrane domain, called TMD0, in respect of subcellular targeting and interaction with proteins, contributing to long-term stability. As TAPL shows – besides a ubiquitous basal expression – an elevated expression in antigen presenting cells, we present models of TAPL function in adaptive immunity.
Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcal Disease in the United States: Shifting Paradigms

SUMMARY Since its emergence 25 years ago, group B streptococcus has become recognized as a cause of serious illness in newborns, pregnant women, and adults with chronic medical conditions. Heavy colonization of the genital tract with group B streptococcus also increases the risk that a woman will deliver a preterm low-birthweight infant. Early-onset infections (occurring at <7 days of age) are associated with much lower fatality than when they were first described, and their incidence is finally decreasing as the use of preventive antibiotics during childbirth increases among women at risk. New serotypes of group B streptococcus have emerged as important pathogens in adults and newborns. Clinical and laboratory practices—in obstetrics, pediatrics, and clinical microbiology—have an impact on disease and/or its prevention, and protocols established at the institutional level appear to be critical tools for the reduction of perinatal disease due to group B streptococcus. Since intrapartum antibiotics will prevent at best only a portion of the full burden of group B streptococcal disease, critical developments in vaccine evaluation, including study of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, offer the potential for enhanced prevention in the relatively near future.