Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Discovery Rates of Genomic Features

Successful sequencing experiments require judicious sample selection. However, this selection must often be performed on the basis of limited preliminary data. Predicting the statistical properties of the final sample based on preliminary data can be challenging, because numerous uncertain model assumptions may be involved. Here, we ask whether we can predict “omics” variation across many samples by sequencing only a fraction of them. In the infinite-genome limit, we find that a pilot study sequencing 5% of a population is sufficient to predict the number of genetic variants in the entire population within 6% of the correct value, using an estimator agnostic to demography, selection, or population structure. To reach similar accuracy in a finite genome with millions of polymorphisms, the pilot study would require ∼15% of the population. We present computationally efficient jackknife and linear programming methods that exhibit substantially less bias than the state of the art when applied to simulated data and subsampled 1000 Genomes Project data. Extrapolating based on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Exome Sequencing Project data, we predict that 7.2% of sites in the capture region would be variable in a sample of 50,000 African Americans and 8.8% in a European sample of equal size. Finally, we show how the linear programming method can also predict discovery rates of various genomic features, such as the number of transcription factor binding sites across different cell types.
Linked Data and Live Querying for Enabling Support Platforms for Web Dataspaces

Enabling the "Web of Data" has recently gained increased attention, particularly driven by the success of Linked Data. The agreed need for technologies from the database domain is therein often referred to as the "Web as a Database", a concept that is still more a vision than a reality. Meanwhile, the database community proposed the notion of dataspaces managed by support platforms, as an alternative view on the data management problem for small-scale, loosely connected environments of heterogenous data sources. The Web of Data can actually be seen as a collection of inter-connected dataspaces. In this work, we propose a combination of Linked Data and database technologies to provide support platforms for these Web dataspaces. We argue that while separated, Linked Data still lacks database technology and the dataspace idea lacks openness and scale. We put particular focus on the challenge of how to index, search and query structured data on the Web in a way that is appropriate for its dynamic, heterogeneous, loosely connected, and open character. Based on an empirical study, we argue that none of the two extremes on its own - centralised repositories vs. on-demand distributed querying - can meet all requirements. We propose and discuss an alternative hybrid approach combining the best of both sides to find a better tradeoff between result freshness and fast query response times.
Risk factors for perioperative hyperglycemia in primary hip and knee replacements

Background and purpose — Perioperative hyperglycemia has been associated with adverse outcomes in several fields of surgery. In this observational study, we identified factors associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia following hip and knee replacement. Patients and methods — We prospectively monitored changes in glucose following primary hip and knee replacements in 191 patients with osteoarthritis. Possible associations of patient characteristics and operation-related factors with hyperglycemia (defined as glucose > 7.8 mmol/L in 2 consecutive measurements) and severe hyperglycemia (glucose > 10 mmol/L) were analyzed using binary logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, operated joint, and anesthesiological risk score. Results — 76 patients (40%) developed hyperglycemia, and 48 of them (25% of the whole cohort) had severe hyperglycemia. Glycemic responses were similar following hip replacement and knee replacement. Previously diagnosed diabetes was associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia and severe hyperglycemia, compared to patients with normal glucose metabolism, whereas newly diagnosed diabetes and milder glucose metabolism disorders had no effect. In patients without previously diagnosed diabetes, increased values of preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose on the day of operation were associated with hyperglycemia. Higher anesthesiological risk score—but none of the operation-related factors analyzed—was associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia. Interpretation — Perioperative hyperglycemia is common in primary hip and knee replacements. Previously diagnosed diabetes is the strongest risk factor for hyperglycemia. In patients with no history of diabetes, preoperative HbA1c and fasting glucose on the day of operation can be used to stratify the risk of hyperglycemia.
Hydraulic and Compaction Characteristics of Soils in Grazed Land of Akure, Nigeria

Physical and hydraulic characteristics of soils of cattle grazed land in Akure was investigated in this research. Soil bulk density, total porosity, micro and macro porosities as well as the hydraulic conductivity of soils in a land under daily cattle grazing were determined following a 3 x 3 completely randomized design method. The grazed land of about 100 x 100 m2 were divided into three sections i.e. Locations 1, 2 and 3. Three soil samples were collected per location using soil corers 4 x 5 cm2 and the hydraulic conductivity determined insitu on the field using mini-disk infiltrometer. Results showed that the mean bulk density of the grazed land ranged between 0.80 (Â±0.49) and 0.86 (Â±0.65) g/cm3, while the mean total porosities were 69.65 (Â±1.85), 69.95 (Â±0.99) and 67.57 (Â±2.54)% at depths 0 â€“ 10, 10 â€“ 20 and 20 â€“ 30 cm, respectively. The soil moisture content were 10.99 (Â± 0.82), 8.38 (Â± 2.00) and 8.35 (Â± 0.30) % for sampling locations 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity value of locations 1, 2 and 3 were 1.03 x 10-4, 1.47 x 10-4 and 6.60 x 10-5 cm s-1. The result of the experiment indicated that the soil is over-grazed and thus should be put under conservation over some period to enable structural improvement of soil and better cropproductivity.Keywords: Compaction; Grazing; Bulk Density; Porosity; Akure
Children's Performance on a Spatial Analogies Task.

GENTNER, DEDRE . Children's Performance on a Spatial Analogies Task . CHILD DEVELOPMENT , 1977, 48, 1034-1039 . Young children performed as well as or better than adults on tasks requiring use of spatial analogies . The tasks involved body-parts analogies, such as, "If this [pictured] mountain had a knee, where would it be? " The entities referred to were physical objects familiar to young children, and this question format clearly called for analogical responding . Thus, sources of confusion were minimized. In a pilot study, it was shown that preschool children could' apply such body-parts analogies to pictures as consistently as adults . The mappings were then made more difficult by varying the orientation of the pictured objects or by adding misleading pictorial details to the pictured objects . Adults performed somewhat less consistently than preschoolers and first graders when misleading details were present ; there were no age differences when orientation was varied . These results suggest that analogical ability is present at a very early age .
Je ne suis pas Catherine Deneuve. Reflections on contemporary debates about sexual self-determination in Italy

Italian summary Questo articolo offre uno sguardo attuale sui discorsi pubblici intorno al tema della sessualità. Partendo dallo scandolo sessuale che ha travolto il produttore cintematografico Harvey Weinstein nel 2017, l’articolo mette al centro le polemiche sul femminismo contemporaneo e sull’idea di autodeterminazione e libertà sessuale, che lo scandalo accese nel contesto italiano.
Differential parametric modulation of self‐relatedness and emotions in different brain regions

Our sense of self is strongly colored by emotions although at the same time we are well able to distinguish affect and self. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we here tested for the differential effects of self‐relatedness and emotion dimensions (valence, intensity) on parametric modulation of neural activity during perception of emotional stimuli. We observed opposite parametric modulation of self‐relatedness and emotion dimensions in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens, whereas neural activity in subcortical regions (tectum, right amygdala, hypothalamus) was modulated by self‐relatedness and emotion dimensions in the same direction. In sum, our results demonstrate that self‐relatedness is closely linked to emotion dimensions of valence and intensity in many lower subcortical brain regions involved in basic emotional systems and, at the same time, distinct from them in higher cortical regions that mediate cognitive processes necessary for becoming aware of one's self, for example self‐consciousness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Education Legitimates Income Inequality: Normative Beliefs in Early Post-Communist and Market-Oriented Nations

Using data from large, representative national samples in in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Australia, Finland, and the Netherlands, we examine moral norms about just rewards for education. Comparing these norms in East Central Europe shortly after Communism—where the dominant ideology was egalitarian, schooling free, rewards to education modest, and alternative investments absent—and in market-oriented societies where the opposite held, provides insight into the influence of institutional arrangements on moral norms. We find that the publics in all these countries favor large rewards for education (which legitimates substantial income inequality), showing that these moral norms are resilient to institutional arrangements. These results align with Aristotle’s claim that people believe job performance merits reward because it makes valuable contributions. They undermine alternative theories: credentialism, radical egalitarianism, and the hegemonic power of dominant political elites. These results also undermine economists’ human capital arguments insofar as they are seen as a moral justification for income inequality.
A 40-GHz Frequency Divider in 90-nm CMOS Technology

This paper presents the design of a high-speed wide-band frequency divider. The divider core is formed with a low voltage swing current mode logic (CML) structure, which enables high frequency operation at very low power dissipation. The divider exhibits very wide locking range from 4GHz - 41GHz, and it has an input sensitivity of -31dBm at 30GHz. The divider core draws only 750muA from a 1.2V supply. Post layout simulation results in 90-nm CMOS technology are provided
Asymmetric Cryptography and Practical Security

Since the appearance of public-key cryptography in Diffie-Hellman seminal paper, many schemes have been proposed, but many have been broken. Indeed, for many people, the simple fact that a cryptographic algorithm withstands cryptanalytic attacks for several years is considered as a kind of validation. But some schemes took a long time before being widely studied, and maybe thereafter being broken. A much more convincing line of research has tried to provide “provable” security for cryptographic protocols, in a complexity theory sense: if one can break the cryptographic protocol, one can efficiently solve the underlying problem. Unfortunately, very few practical schemes can be proven in this so-called “standard model” because such a security level rarely meets with efficiency. A convenient but recent way to achieve some kind of validation of efficient schemes has been to identify some concrete cryptographic objects with ideal random ones: hash functions are considered as behaving like random functions, in the so-called “random oracle model”, block ciphers are assumed to provide perfectly independent and random permutations for each key in the “ideal cipher model”, and groups are used as black-box groups in the “generic model”. In this paper, we focus on practical asymmetric protocols together with their “reductionist” security proofs. We cover the two main goals that public-key cryptography is devoted to solve: authentication with digital signatures, and confidentiality with public-key encryption schemes.
Unsupervised learning of lexical information for language processing systems

Natural language processing systems such as speech recognition and machine translation conventionally treat words as their fundamental unit of processing. However, in many cases the definition of a “word” is not obvious, such as in languages without explicit white space delimiters, in agglutinative languages, or in streams of continuous speech. This thesis attempts to answer the question of which lexical units should be used for these applications by acquiring them through unsupervised learning. This has the potential to lead to improvements in accuracy, as it can choose lexical units flexibly, using longer units when justified by the data, or falling back to shorter units when faced with data sparsity. In addition, this approach allows us to re-examine our assumptions of what units we should be using to recognize speech or translate text, which will provide insights to the designers of supervised systems. Furthermore, as the methods require no annotated data, they have the potential to remove the annotation bottleneck, allowing for the processing of under-resourced languages for which no human annotations or analysis tools are available. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the general topics of word segmentation and morphological analysis, as well as previous research on learning lexical units from raw text. It goes on to discuss the problems with the existing approaches, and lays out the general motivation for and techniques used in the work presented in the following chapters. Chapter 2 describes the overall learning framework adopted in this thesis, which consists of models created using non-parametric Bayesian statistics, and inference procedures for the models using Gibbs sampling. Nonparametric Bayesian statistics are useful because they allow for automatically discovering the appropriate balance between model complexity and expressive power. We adopt Gibbs sampling as an inference procedure because it is a principled, yet flexible learning method that can be used with a wide variety of models. Within this framework, this thesis presents models for lexical learning for speech recognition and machine translation. With regards to speech recognition, Chapter 3 presents a method that
Adenoviral Delivery of the EMX2 Gene Suppresses Growth in Human Gastric Cancer

Background EMX2 is a human orthologue of the Drosophila empty spiracles homeobox gene that has been implicated in embryogenesis. Recent studies suggest possible involvement of EMX2 in human cancers; however, the role of EMX2 in carcinogenesis needs further exploration. Results In this study, we reported that down-regulation of EMX2 expression was significantly correlated with EMX2 promoter hypermethylation in gastric cancer. Restoring EMX2 expression using an adenovirus delivery system in gastric cancer cell lines lacking endogenous EMX2 expression led to inhibition of cell proliferation and Wnt signaling pathway both in vitro and in a gastric cancer xenograft model in vivo. In addition, we observed that animals treated with the adenoviral EMX2 expression vector had significantly better survival than those treated with empty adenoviral vector. Conclusion Our study suggests that EMX2 is a putative tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer. The adenoviral-EMX2 may have potential as a novel gene therapy for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.
Errors-in-variables modelling in optical flow problems

Although still in practice, the use of total least squares (TLS) in optical flow estimation is unreliable. The TLS implicitly assumes that the error terms affecting the partial derivatives of the image intensities are independent. The usual methods for estimating the partial derivatives ensures that the errors are strongly correlated. Due to this correlation, an alternative method is required to treat the resulting errors-in-variables (EN) problem. We propose a new method for estimating optical flow based on Sprent's (1966, 1969) procedure. This method incorporates a general EIV model and provides a far simpler computational procedure than found in previous solutions.
The anterior insular and anterior cingulate cortices in emotional processing for self-face recognition

Individuals can experience embarrassment when exposed to self-feedback images, depending on the extent of the divergence from the internal representation of the standard self. Our previous work implicated the anterior insular cortex (AI) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the processing of embarrassment; however, their exact functional contributions have remained uncertain. Here, we explored the effects of being observed by others while viewing self-face images on the extent of embarrassment, and the activation and connectivity patterns in the AI and ACC. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging hyperscanning in pairs of healthy participants using an interaction system that allowed an individual to be observed by a partner in real time. Being observed increased the extent of embarrassment reported when viewing self-face images; a corresponding increase in self-related activity in the right AI suggested that this region played a direct role in the subjective experience. Being observed also increased the functional connectivity between the caudal ACC and prefrontal regions, which are involved in processing the reflective self. The ACC might therefore serve as a hub, integrating information about the reflective self that is used in evaluating perceptual self-face images.
Smoothing Spline‐Based Score Tests for Proportional Hazards Models

Summary We propose “score‐type” tests for the proportional hazards assumption and for covariate effects in the Cox model using the natural smoothing spline representation of the corresponding nonparametric functions of time or covariate. The tests are based on the penalized partial likelihood and are derived by viewing the inverse of the smoothing parameter as a variance component and testing an equivalent null hypothesis that the variance component is zero. We show that the tests have a size close to the nominal level and good power against general alternatives, and we apply them to data from a cancer clinical trial.
Fear and self-loathing: Internalised weight stigma and maladaptive coping in higher-weight individuals

This thesis extends current research linking internalised weight stigma and health and wellbeing in higher-weight individuals. Chapter 1 reviews the association between weight stigma and maladaptive eating. Chapter 1 also introduces a social identity framework for predicting whether societal weight stigma is internalised or resisted. Chapter 2 presents findings of an experimental manipulation whereby participants tended to eat less when exposed to a weight-stigma prime versus a neutral prime, with the effect being amplified at higher levels of internalised weight stigma. In Chapter 3, bifactor analysis of the related constructs of internalised weight stigma, body image, and global self-esteem indicated that while internalised weight stigma did mediate the relationship between experienced stigma and disordered eating, shared variance explained a considerable proportion of this indirect relationship. Chapter 4 presents two studies in which both weight-related self-stigma and fear of stigma had downstream effects on addictive-like eating behaviour; fear of stigma predicted worsening eating pathology over time. Chapter 5 provides evidence that weight stigma resistance is associated with improved psychological wellbeing, and identified factors important in predicting weight stigma response. Chapter 6 provides a reflection on the experimental work in this thesis, and discusses implications for future research and health interventions.
The Prevalence and Characteristics of Primary Headache and Dream-Enacting Behaviour in Japanese Patients with Narcolepsy or Idiopathic Hypersomnia: A Multi-Centre Cross-Sectional Study

Background Because the prevalence and characteristics of primary headache have yet to be thoroughly studied in patients with hypersomnia disorders, including narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, we examined these parameters in the Japanese population. Methods In a multicentre cross-sectional survey, among 576 consecutive outpatients with sleep disorders, 68 narcolepsy patients and 35 idiopathic hypersomnia patients were included. Additionally, 61 healthy control subjects participated. Semi-structured headache questionnaires were administered to all participants. Results The patients with narcolepsy (52.9%) and idiopathic hypersomnia (77.1%) more frequently experienced headache than the healthy controls (24.6%; p<0.0001). The prevalence rates were 23.5%, 41.2% and 4.9% for migraine (p<0.0001) and 16.2%, 23.5% and 14.8% (p = 0.58) for tension-type headache among the narcolepsy patients, the idiopathic hypersomnia patients and the control subjects, respectively. Those who experienced migraine more frequently experienced excessive daytime sleepiness, defined as an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of ≥10, than those who did not experience headache among the patients with narcolepsy (93.8% vs. 65.6%, p = 0.040) and idiopathic hypersomnia (86.7% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.026). Dream-enacting behaviour (DEB), as evaluated by the rapid eye movement sleep disorders questionnaire, was more frequently observed in the narcolepsy patients than in the idiopathic hypersomnia patients and the control subjects. An increased DEB frequency was observed in the narcolepsy patients with migraines compared to those without headache. Conclusions Migraines were frequently observed in patients with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. DEB is a characteristic of narcolepsy patients. Further studies are required to assess the factors that contribute to migraines in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia patients.
Perception de l'humain et processus émotionnels et cognitifs chez le porcelet : impact de l'expérience avec l'humain

V Table des tableaux . XV Table des figures . XVII Remerciements . XXIII Avant-propos . XXVII 1. CONTEXTE DE LA THÈSE . 1 2. REVUE DE LITTÉRATURE . 5 2.1. Le bien-être en élevage . 7 2.1. 1. Concept de bien-être . 7 2.1. 2. Relation homme-animal et enjeux en production animale . 8 2.1. 2.1. Enjeux économiques . 8 2.1. 2.2. Enjeux sociaux . 10 2.2. Facteurs impliqués dans la perception de l’autre et le développement de la relation interspécifique . 11 2.2.1. L’environnement social . 12 2.2.2. Facteurs intrinsèques à l’animal . 13 2.2.2.1. La génétique . 13 2.2.2.2. Le tempérament . 14 2.2.2.3. L’âge et la période sensible . 15 2.2.3. Facteurs intrinsèques à l’humain . 16 2.2.3.1. Attitudes et croyances . 16 2.2.3.2. Comportement et signaux émis . 17