Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Na(+)-independent H+ pump by Na(+)-induced changes in cell Ca2+

Apical membrane H+ extrusion in the renal outer medullary collecting duct, inner stripe, is mediated by a Na(+)-independent H+ pump. To examine the regulation of this transporter, cell pH and cell Ca2+ were measured microfluorometrically in in vitro perfused tubules using 2',7'- bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein and fura-2, respectively. Apical membrane H+ pump activity, assayed as cell pH recovery from a series of acid loads (NH3/NH+4 prepulse) in the total absence of ambient Na+, initially occurred at a slow rate (0.06 +/- 0.02 pH units/min), which was not sufficient to account for physiologic rates of H+ extrusion. Over 15-20 min after the initial acid load, the rate of Na(+)-independent cell pH recovery increased to 0.63 +/- 0.09 pH units/min, associated with a steady-state cell pH greater than the initial pre-acid load cell pH. This pattern suggested an initial suppression followed by a delayed activation of the apical membrane H+ pump. Replacement of peritubular Na+ with choline or N-methyl-D- glucosamine resulted in an initial spike increase in cell Ca2+ followed by a sustained increase in cell Ca2+. The initial rate of Na(+)- independent cell pH recovery could be increased by elimination of the Na+ removal-induced sustained cell Ca2+ elevation by: (a) performing studies in the presence of 135 mM peritubular Na+ (1 mM peritubular amiloride used to inhibit basolateral membrane Na+/H+ antiport); (b) clamping cell Ca2+ low with dimethyl-BAPTA, an intracellular Ca2+ chelating agent; or (c) removal of extracellular Ca2+. Cell acidification induced a spike increase in cell Ca2+. The late acceleration of Na(+)-independent cell pH recovery was independent of Na+ removal and of the method used to acidify the cell, but was eliminated by prevention of the cell Ca2+ spike and markedly delayed by the microfilament-disrupting agent, cytochalasin B. This study demonstrates that peritubular Na+ removal results in a sustained elevation in cell Ca2+, which inhibits the apical membrane H+ pump. In addition, rapid cell acidification associated with a spike increase in cell Ca2+ leads to a delayed activation of the H+ pump. Thus, cell Ca2+ per se, or a Ca(2+)-activated pathway, can modulate H+ pump activity.
Recombination impacts damaging and disease mutation accumulation in human populations

Many decades of theory have demonstrated that in non-recombining systems, slightly deleterious mutations accumulate non-reversibly1, potentially driving the extinction of many asexual species. Non-recombining chromosomes in sexual organisms are thought to have degenerated in a similar fashion2, however it is not clear the extent to which these processes operate along recombining chromosomes with highly variable rates of crossing over. Using high coverage sequencing data from over 1400 individuals in The 1000 Genomes and CARTaGENE projects, we show that recombination rate modulates the genomic distribution of putatively deleterious variants across the entire human genome. We find that exons in regions of low recombination are significantly enriched for deleterious and disease variants, a signature that varies in strength across worldwide human populations with different demographic histories. As low recombining regions are enriched for highly conserved genes with essential cellular functions, and show an excess of mutations with demonstrated effect on health, this phenomenon likely affects disease susceptibility in humans.
Children in the media: how much space do they get in Ghanaian newspapers?

Abstract Children are one group of people hardly covered by the media. Thus, in many places children’s issues are never reported. This study concludes that the media do not give a significant attention to children’s issues hence a very low reportage. Considering the agenda-setting potential of the media, this situation means children’s issues are never prioritised in public discourse and, consequently, not on the national agenda of policy-makers.
Two-way coupling of fluids to reduced deformable bodies

We propose a fully monolithic two-way coupling framework that couples incompressible fluids to reduced deformable bodies. Notably, the resulting linear system matrix is both symmetric and positive-definite. Our method allows for the simulation of interesting free-surface as well as underwater phenomena, enabling the use of reduced deformable bodies as full-fledged simulation primitives alongside rigid bodies and deformable bodies. Momentum conservation is crucial to obtaining physically correct and realistic-looking motion in a fluid environment, and we achieve this by following previous work to describe reduced deformable bodies using both a rigid frame and a reduced space deformation component. Our approach partitions forces and impulses between the reduced space and the rigid frame of the reduced deformable bodies using a projection scheme that cleanly accounts for momentum losses in the reduced space via corrections in the rigid frame, resulting in a new theoretical formulation for the momentum-conserving reduced deformable body. We demonstrate that robust and stable contact, collision, articulation, and two-way coupling with fluids are all attainable in a straightforward way using this new formulation. Compared with fully deformable objects, our framework consumes less memory and scales better in large scenes, while still nicely approximating the deformation effects.
Biases in biodiversity: wide-ranging species are discovered first in the deep sea

Calculating global estimates for total species richness is fraught by the uncertainty in estimating the number of species left to be discovered. The deep-sea is widely regarded as one of the largest sources of uncertainty in these calculations, since so much of this realm has not yet been explored. Most estimates of species left to be discovered are reliant on previous rates of species description, yet these rates are likely to be biased. One well known bias from terrestrial studies is that wide-ranging species tend to be described earlier. To test this hypothesis for the deep sea, spatial data from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System were combined with taxonomic data from the World Register of Marine Species to carry out a meta-analysis on all species records found below 300 m. Results show a historical bias in species descriptions, with wide-ranging species over-represented in our current catalogues of deep-sea species richness. This suggests that current estimates of deep-sea species richness underestimate the true proportion of narrow-ranged species and hence total species in the deep oceans.
A Model of Structural Change under Financing Constraints

In a multi-industry growth model, firms require external funds to conduct productivityenhancing R&D, and are limited by financing constraints. The cost of research differs across industries, so financing constraints hinder productivity growth in some industries more than in others. Equilibrium industry dynamics map into a differences-indifferences regression specification where industry growth depends on the interaction between country financial development and industry R&D intensity. The paper provides a framework for interpreting several empirical results that rely on industry data, and identifies a new channel for finance to encourage growth: the faster reallocation of resources towards sectors with rapidly-expanding technological frontiers. JEL Codes: G18, O14, O16, O33, O47.
(Potential) patients like me: testing the effects of user-generated health content on social media

As media technology becomes increasingly participatory, individuals may use social media to share health information and connect with those who have similar health concerns. While prior research has focused on evaluating the feasibility, usability, and effectiveness of traditional health messages, this study investigates the effects of user-generated health content on individuals’ cognitive and emotional responses, as well as their behavioral intentions. An experimental study with a two (story source: personal story vs news story) by two (story ending: happy ending vs sad ending) factorial design was conducted. The results confirmed the positive effects of identification with the narrative character on the experience of being transported, which further led to the behavioral intentions to take countermeasures and viral communication on social media. The sad ending of a narrative was found to elicit emotions that were sufficiently strong to increase perceptions of susceptibility to dengue fever, which, however, failed to result in behavioral intentions.
PENGARUH PENYESUAIAN DIRI TERHADAP KECEMASAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL PADA REMAJA DI PANTI ASUHAN MUSLIMIN

Abstract The objective of this study is to determine the influence of personal adjustment toward interpersonal communication anxiety in the teenagers of Muslimin Orphanage. The variables in this study were personal adjustment as variable (X) and interpersonal communication anxiety variables as variable (Y). Data analysis technique that is used to test the hypothesis is a simple regression using SPSS version 16.00. Based on calculations, the value of F = 50.207 with a significant value of 0.000. Regression equation Y = 6245 + 0.976X and the influence of personal adjustment toward interpersonal communication anxiety 0.558 (55.8%), which means that personal adjustment affects communication anxiety in adolescent students in an orphanage by 55.8% and the remaining 44.2% is affected by other than personal adjustment. Hence, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted so it can be concluded that there was a significant effect on personal adjustment toward interpersonal communication anxiety in adolescents in an orphanage. Keywords: Personal adjustment, Interpersonal communication anxiety
Mentoring in Clinical Psychology Programs: Broadening and Deepening

Mentoring has received much attention in the research and training literature for several years and has been increasingly described as important in the teaching and training enterprise. Questions about the definition of mentoring, where it does and does not take place, its association with different psychology training models, and the growing diversity of graduate students who may have different mentoring needs than previous cohorts, have all been addressed in the literature and inform this study. This exploratory research adds to the understanding of mentoring by gathering data from current more culturally diverse mentees from scientist–practitioner and practitioner–scholar training programs in psychology. A survey was sent to graduate programs, and responses from 290 participants were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Mentors were highly valued by mentees, even though they defined and described mentors in a variety of ways. There was little to no difference depending on one’s training model, and several respondents discussed the needs of culturally diverse students. Mentees often mentioned 2 broad categories as critical to mentoring: pragmatic support, such as help managing graduate school and finding jobs, and emotional support. Overall, aspects of the relationship competency seemed to be the foundation for all mentoring activities for many of the participants.
Scalable Robust Matrix Recovery: Frank-Wolfe Meets Proximal Methods

Recovering matrices from compressive and grossly corrupted observations is a fundamental problem in robust statistics, with rich applications in computer vision and machine learning. In theory, under certain conditions, this problem can be solved in polynomial time via a natural convex relaxation, known as Compressive Principal Component Pursuit (CPCP). However, all existing provable algorithms for CPCP suffer from superlinear per-iteration cost, which severely limits their applicability to large scale problems. In this paper, we propose provable, scalable and efficient methods to solve CPCP with (essentially) linear per-iteration cost. Our method combines classical ideas from Frank-Wolfe and proximal methods. In each iteration, we mainly exploit Frank-Wolfe to update the low-rank component with rank-one SVD and exploit the proximal step for the sparse term. Convergence results and implementation details are also discussed. We demonstrate the scalability of the proposed approach with promising numerical experiments on visual data.
What predicts attitudes toward computer

The study was conducted to examine the status of computer use and attitudes among secondary school students.It also identifies the relationships among the variables and the predictors of computer attitudes.External variables (such as computer experience and frequency of use), perceived usefulness and confidence are included as potential antecedents of attitudes toward computer. Data was collected among 293 secondary school students in Kedah, Malaysia. It was found that there exist moderate to strong relationships between all the variables studied, with r-value ranging from . 17 to . 69. Regression analyses have identified confidence in using computers as the strongest predictors of computer attitudes, with R2 = . 48. Other variables, computer experience, perceived usefulness and frequency of use also entered the equation, but turned out to be poor predictor of attitude toward computers.Discussion of findings and suggestions for future research are included in the text.
The seasonal evolution of wind/internal wave resonance in Lake Kinneret

Data from a thermistor chain and wind sensor collected over an annual stratification cycle in Lake Kinneret (Israel) during 2000 were used to investigate the seasonal evolution of wind/internal wave resonance. Internal wave periods determined from an analytical model were compared with observations, and we show that resonance during 2000 occurred during three distinct times of the year—at the onset of stratification (March), during the heating phase (June), and during the cooling phase (November). In all cases, resonance was between the wind and the dominant radial, azimuthal, and vertical mode‐one cyclonic (Kelvin) wave previously observed in Lake Kinneret.
Oldenburg Discussion Papers in Economics Climate Policy with Technology Transfers and Permit Trading

In this paper, we analyze technology transfers (TT) and tradable emission rights, which are core issues of the ongoing climate negotiations. Subsidizing TT leads to the adoption of better abatement technologies in developing countries, thereby reducing the international permit price. This is beneficial for industrialized countries as long as they are permit buyers, and as long as they can target subsidies to “additional” investments. We also consider how TT affects countries’ non-cooperative choices of permit endowments and find that it reduces overall emissions. Finally, a simple numerical simulation model illustrates some results and explores some further comparative statics.
ARG2 impairs endothelial autophagy through regulation of MTOR and PRKAA/AMPK signaling in advanced atherosclerosis

Impaired autophagy function and enhanced ARG2 (arginase 2)-MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) crosstalk are implicated in vascular aging and atherosclerosis. We are interested in the role of ARG2 and the potential underlying mechanism(s) in modulation of endothelial autophagy. Using human nonsenescent “young” and replicative senescent endothelial cells as well as Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoe−/−Arg2+/+) and Arg2-deficient apoe−/− (apoe−/−arg2−/−) mice fed a high-fat diet for 10 wk as the atherosclerotic animal model, we show here that overexpression of ARG2 in the young cells suppresses endothelial autophagy with concomitant enhanced expression of RICTOR, the essential component of the MTORC2 complex, leading to activation of the AKT-MTORC1-RPS6KB1/S6K1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1) cascade and inhibition of PRKAA/AMPK (protein kinase, AMP-activated, α catalytic subunit). Expression of an inactive ARG2 mutant (H160F) had the same effect. Moreover, silencing RPS6KB1 or expression of a constitutively active PRKAA prevented autophagy suppression by ARG2 or H160F. In senescent cells, enhanced ARG2-RICTOR-AKT-MTORC1-RPS6KB1 and decreased PRKAA signaling and autophagy were observed, which was reversed by silencing ARG2 but not by arginase inhibitors. In line with the above observations, genetic ablation of Arg2 in apoe−/− mice reduced RPS6KB1, enhanced PRKAA signaling and endothelial autophagy in aortas, which was associated with reduced atherosclerosis lesion formation. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ARG2 impairs endothelial autophagy independently of the L-arginine ureahydrolase activity through activation of RPS6KB1 and inhibition of PRKAA, which is implicated in atherogenesis.
Elevated Incidence of Polyp Formation in APCMin/+Msh2−/− Mice Is Independent of Nitric Oxide-Induced DNA Mutations

Gut microbiota has been linked to a number of human diseases including colon cancer. However, the mechanism through which gut bacteria influence colon cancer development and progression remains unclear. Perturbation of the homeostasis between the host immune system and microbiota leads to inflammation and activation of macrophages which produce large amounts of nitric oxide that acts as a genotoxic effector molecule to suppress bacterial growth. However, nitric oxide also has genotoxic effects to host cells by producing mutations that can predispose to colon cancer development. The major DNA lesions caused by nitric oxide are 8oxoG and deamination of deoxycytosine bases. Cellular glycosylases that belong to the base excision repair pathway have been demonstrated to repair these mutations. Recent evidence suggests that the mismatch repair pathway (MMR) might also repair nitric oxide-induced DNA damage. Since deficiency in MMR predisposes to colon cancer, we hypothesized that MMR-deficient colon epithelial cells are incapable of repairing nitric-oxide induced genetic lesions that can promote colon cancer. Indeed, we found that the MMR pathway repairs nitric oxide-induced DNA mutations in cell lines. To test whether nitric oxide promotes colon cancer, we genetically ablated the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or inhibited iNOS activity in the APCMin/+Msh2−/− mouse model of colon cancer. However, despite the fact that nitric oxide production was strongly reduced in the colon using both approaches, colon cancer incidence was not affected. These data show that nitric oxide and iNOS do not promote colon cancer in APCMin/+Msh2−/− mice.
COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION AND RELAXATION IN A BRIEF LABORATORY INDUCTION

OF THESIS COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION AND RELAXATION IN A BRIEF LABORATORY INDUCTION Mindfulness is the practice of being nonjudgmentally aware of the present moment. Researchers often study the effects of mindfulness using brief laboratory-based mindfulness inductions in which participants are guided through mindfulness exercises, after which outcome measures are examined. However, most studies have not assessed whether participants achieved a mindful state during the induction, or whether the effects of mindfulness inductions differ from the effects of similar procedures such as relaxation. The present study compared a mindfulness exercise to a relaxation exercise and a control condition. After the induction, participants completed measures of the extent to which they attained a mindful state. Trait-levels of mindfulness, rumination, and openness were measured prior to the induction to test for moderating effects. Results revealed that the mindfulness induction led to higher state mindfulness scores than the control induction, but did not lead to higher scores as compared to the relaxation induction. No significant trait moderators were found. Findings suggest that brief mindfulness interventions may not be sufficient to induce a truly mindful state in a non-meditating sample. Findings also bring into question the results of studies that do not include a manipulation check postinduction, as well as the utility of self-report measures of state mindfulness in nonmeditating student samples.
Assessing Crowdsourcing Quality through Objective Tasks

The emergence of crowdsourcing as a commonly used approach to collect vast quantities of human assessments on a variety of tasks represents nothing less than a paradigm shift. This is particularly true in academic research where it has suddenly become possible to collect (high-quality) annotations rapidly without the need of an expert. In this paper we investigate factors which can influence the quality of the results obtained through Amazon's Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform. We investigated the impact of different presentation methods (free text versus radio buttons), workers' base (USA versus India as the main bases of MTurk workers) and payment scale (about $4, $8 and $10 per hour) on the quality of the results. For each run we assessed the results provided by 25 workers on a set of 10 tasks. We run two different experiments using objective tasks: maths and general text questions. In both tasks the answers are unique, which eliminates the uncertainty usually present in subjective tasks, where it is not clear whether the unexpected answer is caused by a lack of worker's motivation, the worker's interpretation of the task or genuine ambiguity. In this work we present our results comparing the influence of the different factors used. One of the interesting findings is that our results do not confirm previous studies which concluded that an increase in payment attracts more noise. We also find that the country of origin only has an impact in some of the categories and only in general text questions but there is no significant difference at the top pay.
#thisshowsucks! The Overpowering Influence of Negative Social Media Comments on Television Viewers

Can the comments of a few viewers on social media affect viewers’ perceptions of audience sentiment or their own program enjoyment? If so, do the effects of comments vary based on their valence or placement during programming? We conducted a 2 (positive vs. negative tweets) x 2 (beginning vs. end of program) factorial experiment with an additional control condition (N = 196) to answer these questions. Negative comments undermined perceived bandwagon support for the program and reduced enjoyment, regardless of contextual or trait moderators. Findings suggest that the effects of social television may be attributable to systematic processing of bandwagon cues.