Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compiler-assisted thread abstractions for resource-constrained systems

Major operating systems for wireless sensor networks (WSN) enforce an event-based programming paradigm for efficiency reasons. However, practice has shown that the resulting code complexity leads to problems during development, deployment, and operations. Although thread-based programming is known to solve these problems, the scarce resources of common WSN devices make it non-trivial to actually support it. As opposed to existing runtime-based thread libraries, our goal is to explore the potential of compiler-assisted thread abstractions by introducing a comprehensive and platform-agnostic system of compiler and debugger which supports cooperative threads with minor restrictions. The compiler allows to write thread-based programs that are automatically translated to equivalent event-based programs, while the debugger provides source-level debugging of the initial program, thus sustaining the thread abstraction. Our preliminary results and ongoing evaluations suggest that the resource-wise overhead of the abstraction is moderate and can be below the overhead of runtime-based solutions. We also demonstrate that the transformation is platform-agnostic by supporting both Contiki and TinyOS.
Retinal detachment in Isfahan Feiz hospital (an epidemiologic study)

hegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD) is a treatable condition that can lead to significant visual loss. Determining its epidemiology anticipates the high risk groups. In this survey we determined the epidemiology and risk factors in operated RRD patients in Isfahan Feiz hospital from March 2002 to March 2004. So 506 files (325 male (64.2%), 181 female (35.8%)) were reviewed that 75 of them had trauma history (60 male (80%), 15 female (20%)). From the whole, 343 patients (67.8%) were phakic, 122 (24.1%) pseudophakic and 41 (8.1%) aphakic. The age of nontraumatic RRD was 40 to 70 year old and in traumatic was 10 to 39 year old. Of all, 162 patients (32.2%) had history of cataract surgery, 121 patients (24%) were high myopes, 75 patients (14.8%) had history of blunt trauma,8 patients (1.6%) had history of intraocular surgery (not cataract) and 8 patient
Education in Somalia: history, destruction, and calls for reconstruction

In pre-colonial traditional Somalia, education was dispensed through informal systems of communal interaction. With the arrival of colonialism in the mid-late 19th century, formal programmes of learning were slowly but steadily established. These were limited in scope and were essentially designed for the purposes of colonization. With independence in 1960, the education sector developed very quickly with pre-1991 civilian and military governments building hundreds of schools, training tens of thousands of teachers, adopting the Latin script for the writing of the Somali language, and successfully implementing nation-wide literacy programmes. But with the collapse of the Somali state in 1991, all modern systems of learning in the country were destroyed by the fighting factions, and Somalia has since been a country without any formal programmes of education. This paper first looks at the history of education in Somalia, then it describes and analyses the nature as well as the magnitude of destruction, and .
SIMPLE FAMILIES OF THUE INEQUALITIES

We solve some simple families of Thue inequalities of degree 3, 4 and 6, each of which is parameterized by two integral parameters. We obtain upper bounds for the solutions by following the method given by G. Lettl, A. Pethő, and P. Voutier for families with one parameter. Next we specify the right-hand side of each inequality, and determine all solutions under certain assumptions on the parameters. For this part, we need to obtain lower bounds for the solutions, and for this we use continued fraction expansions with rational partial quotients and a generalization of Legendre’s theorem.
The Social Costs of Civil Conflict: Evidence from Surveys of Happiness

This paper uses data on stated subjective well-being to capture the intangible costs of civil conflict. By running cross-national regressions with happiness as the dependent variable, and the number of conflict victims and income as explanatory variables, it investigates if and in which way civil conflict affects happiness, and derives the implied monetary equivalent of the unhappiness caused. The paper finds that the number of conflict victims and their change over time significantly affect subjective well-being directly through health and psychic effects as well as indirectly through reduced income. The non-pecuniary effects are found to be larger than the income-related effect. A change over time in the number of victims has a stronger impact on well-being than the current number. There are sizeable monetary equivalents to these effects. Copyright 2008 The Authors.
Extended nonlinear observable canonical form for multi-output dynamical systems

In this paper, we give sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence of a diffeomorphism in an extended state space that allows to transform a multi-output nonlinear dynamical system into a nonlinear normal observable canonical form. In particular, we propose an algorithm that permits to derive such diffeomorphism. The main feature of the canonical form is that it is obtained by allowing a diffeomorphism on the outputs and a dynamic extension. It also allows to design an observer with linear error dynamics for the transformed system.
Subjective hearing loss and history of traumatic brain injury exhibits abnormal brainstem auditory evoked response: a case report.

A 30-year-old woman presented with long-standing subjective unilateral auditory difficulties 13 years after sustaining closed head trauma. The battery of audiologic tests indicated normal hearing, but brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) tests revealed abnormal neurogenic potentials in the symptomatic ear. The discrepancy between a normal pure tone audiogram and abnormal BAERs suggests that a site of neurologic injury could be causing the patient's problem with auditory perception. Imaging studies with gadolinium enhancement, however, did not document any abnormalities in the brainstem. Our present findings and previously published literature help identify the specific site of a neurologic deficit when routine audiologic tests and imaging studies detect no significant abnormality.
Validation of the Rockport Fitness Walking Test in college males and females.

The purposes of this study were (a) to validate the Rockport Fitness Walking Test (RFWT) in college students, and (b) to develop prediction equations on this college sample if the RFWT proved invalid. Subjects were administered a test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on a treadmill and the RFWT in a field testing environment. Comparisons were made between the measured VO2max and the VO2max predicted from the equations of Kline, Porcari, Hintermeister, et al. (1987). The Kline, Porcari, Hintermeister, et al. equations overpredicted VO2max by 16-18% in the males and by 22-23% in the females. The correlation coefficients between the measured and predicted VO2max values ranged from . 39 to . 59. Derivation of new prediction equations using the same variables as in the RFWT produced only one equation that had sufficient accuracy to recommend its use. It was concluded that the original RFWT overpredicts VO2max in college students and should not be used with this population.
Signaling through BMP receptors promotes respiratory identity in the foregut via repression of Sox2

The mammalian foregut gives rise to the dorsally located esophagus and stomach and the ventrally located trachea and lung. Proper patterning and morphogenesis of the common foregut tube and its derived organs is essential for viability of the organism at birth. Here, we show that conditional inactivation of BMP type I receptor genes Bmpr1a and Bmpr1b (Bmpr1a;b) in the ventral endoderm leads to tracheal agenesis and ectopic primary bronchi. Molecular analyses of these mutants reveal a reduction of ventral endoderm marker NKX2-1 and an expansion of dorsal markers SOX2 and P63 into the prospective trachea and primary bronchi. Subsequent genetic experiments show that activation of canonical WNT signaling, previously shown to induce ectopic respiratory fate in otherwise wild-type mice, is incapable of promoting respiratory fate in the absence of Bmpr1a;b. Furthermore, we find that inactivation of Sox2 in Bmpr1a;b mutants does not suppress ectopic lung budding but does rescue trachea formation and NKX2-1 expression. Together, our data suggest that signaling through BMPR1A;B performs at least two roles in early respiratory development: first, it promotes tracheal formation through repression of Sox2; and second, it restricts the site of lung bud initiation.
Independent prognostic impact of tumour‐infiltrating macrophages in early‐stage Hodgkin's lymphoma

Although patients with early‐stage Hodgkin's lymphoma have a high rate of cure, a portion of these are resistant to or relapse after standard treatment. Current prognostic criteria based on clinical and laboratory parameters at diagnosis do not allow to accurately identify the subset of patients with less favourable clinical outcome. An increased number of tumour‐infiltrating macrophages was found to be associated with shortened survival in patients with classic Hodgkin's Lymphoma. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of the proportion of CD68‐positive infiltrating macrophages in patients with early‐stage classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. By using immunohistochemistry technique, we evaluated for CD68 expression diagnostic biopsies of 106 patients affected by supradiaphragmatic early‐stage classic Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at our institution since 2000 to 2010. All patients were treated with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in the majority. The 2‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival (PFS) in the entire cohort were 97% and 83% respectively. The 2‐year PFS was statistically different between patients with favourable and those with unfavourable prognosis according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk criteria (96% vs 79%, p = 0.039) and between patients having less than 25% of CD68‐positive infiltrating macrophages and those with more than 25% (85% vs 67%, p = 0.012). All patients with favourable EORTC criteria had CD68 expression lower than 25%. Within those with unfavourable EORTC criteria, patients with a CD68+ count greater than 25% had a worse 2‐year PFS than patients having values lower than 25% (64% vs 82%, p = 0.03). Moreover, in multivariate analysis, after adjusting for CD68+ macrophages count and EORTC score, only CD68+ macrophages count higher than 25% retained a prognostic effect on PFS (hazard ratio = 2.8, 95%CI: 1.1–7.6, p = 0.038). Our data show that a proportion of tumour‐infiltrating macrophages greater than 25% is associated with unfavourable clinical outcome in patients with early‐stage Hodgkin's lymphoma Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadcast Talk: Initiating Calls Through a Computer-Mediated Technology

In this article we examine the use of radio, long-serving communications technology. We consider how personnel who operate a rapid urban transport system use radio to identify and manage problems that inevitably arise in the operation of the service. We examine how participants organize their talk with regard to the idiosyncrasies of the system, and how the technology is configured in and through their interaction. The article interweaves 2 rather different traditions of research on language use and social interaction: on the one hand the studies of institutional talk and its interactional characteristics, and on the other hand the growing corpus of research commonly known as workplace studies.
EMSAM (deprenyl patch): how a promising antidepressant was underutilized

The EMSAM patch is a unique monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) being the only antidepressant utilizing a transdermal delivery system. This was welcomed by clinicians who hoped that EMSAM would be better tolerated than oral MAOIs and non-MAOI antidepressants, as well as being effective for treatment in a wide spectrum of depressed patients including atypical depression, bipolar depression, and refractory depression. Unfortunately, the clinical use of EMSAM has been underutilized and its potential usefulness overlooked. This article suggests that fear of possible side effects, particularly the “cheese reaction” and serotonin syndrome, are some of the main contributors to underutilization by clinicians. These risks have been significantly exaggerated with the 6 mg/day dose not even requiring a special diet. Other contributing factors leading to underutilization are reviewed such as: the lack of studies addressing many important clinical questions; inadequate data analyses; not evaluating the effect of EMSAM on comorbid psychiatric conditions, particularly anxiety disorders; lack of antidepressant comparators versus EMSAM; no dose–response relationship examined; various depressive subtypes and conditions are unexplored, eg, bipolar depression and refractory depression; poor insurance coverage for an expensive medication; as well as minimal marketing efforts and postmarketing studies. On the other hand, many potential advantages of EMSAM are not highlighted enough in the literature and by pharmaceutical companies which might have increased clinical interest and utilization of the antidepressant. For example, the advantages of EMSAM include: avoidance of swallowing issues, as can be seen with oral antidepressants; minimal side effects, probably due to a favorable pharmacokinetic profile; minimal evidence of suicidal behavior, probably relating to the transdermal route of administration; low rates of inducing hypomanic/manic episodes; as well as significant efficacy in “anxious depression” and atypical depression. Recent efforts in conducting some post hoc analyses and presentations on EMSAM may yet stimulate further clinical interest and use of this antidepressant.
What's in a name? Electrophysiological differences between spoken nouns, proper names and one's own name

TO investigate the neural processing of different word categories, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 32 individuals listening to sentences, beginning either with a proper name (first name), the subject's own name, or a common noun. Names and nouns both elicited ERP waveforms with the same early componentry, but the N1 and P2 components were larger for proper names than common nouns. The ERPs to the subject's own name also had a large N1/P2 plus a prominent negativity at parieto-central site peaking around 400 ms and a late positivity between 500–800 ms over left lateral-frontal sites. These findings are consistent with differential processing of people's first names within the category of nouns.
High-precision 142 Nd / 144 Nd measurements in terrestrial rocks : Constraints on the early differentiation of the Earth s mantle

We present new ultra-high precision Nd/Nd measurements of early Archaean rocks using the new generation thermal ionization mass spectrometer Triton. Repeated measurements of the Ames Nd standard demonstrate that the Nd/Nd ratio can be determined with external precision of 2 ppm (2r), allowing confident resolution of anomalies as small as 5 ppm. A major analytical improvement lies in the elimination of the double normalization procedure required to correct our former measurements from a secondary mass fractionation effect. Our new results indicate that metasediments, metabasalts, and orthogneisses from the 3.6 to 3.8 Ga West Greenland craton display positive Nd anomalies ranging from 8 to 15 ppm. Using a simple two-stage model with an initial eNd value of 1.9 ± 0.6 eunits, coupled Sm–Nd and Sm–Nd chronometry constrains mantle differentiation to 50–200 Ma after formation of the solar system. This chronological constraint is consistent with differentiation of the Earth s mantle during the late stage of crystallization of a magma ocean. We have developed a two-box model describing Nd and Nd isotopic evolution of depleted mantle during the subsequent evolution of the crust–mantle system. Our results indicate that early terrestrial protocrust had a lifetime of ca. 0.7–1 Ga in order to produce the observed Nd isotope signature of Archaean rocks. In the context of this two box mantle–crust system, we model the evolution of isotopic and chemical heterogeneity of depleted mantle as a function of the mantle stirring time. Using the dispersion of Nd/Nd and Nd/Nd ratios observed in early Archaean rocks, we constrain the stirring time of early Earth s mantle to 100– 250 Ma, a factor of 5 shorter than the stirring time inferred from modern oceanic basalts. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
‘What it was in my eyes’: picturing youths' embodiment in ‘real’ spaces

Readers should also refer to the journal's website at http://www.informaworld. com/rqrs and check volume 2, issue 2 to view the visual material in colour. Current global educational trends towards homogenisation and deterritorialisation have resulted in limited attention to the multiple and contradictory ways youths frame, construct and view their physicalities. The purpose of this research was to explore the ways in which young people of different ethnicities in two urban schools engaged with physical culture in their everyday lives. To investigate youths' embodiments, researchers employed a qualitative visual methodology with secondary school students. By giving the participants digital cameras, the researchers explored the ways young people pictured and created their body‐selves in ‘real spaces’. Data was collected from multiple sources: field notes, interviews and visual Moving in My World diaries, which participants created to represent their emplaced body experiences. Findings shed light on the multiple ways young people engaged in visual and verbal meaning‐making about their physicalities based on the range of resources, opportunities, and/or constraints existing in the material contexts available to them. While students envisioned themselves as physically active and as creative of their body‐selves, most girls' visual diaries pictured recreational bodies in gender‐segregated, shielded spaces, whereas most boys' visual diaries presented sporting bodies in public performances. Our discussion raises critical questions about ‘real’ opportunities for young people's moving bodies in the localities of their everyday lives.
ScienceDirect Contemporary Issues in Business , Management and Education 2013 Initial underpricing and the Euronext Lisbon-listed companies

This study aims to determine the level of initial underpricing in the Euronext Lisbon-listed companies during a period (1990– 2010) that includes the effects of the current global financial crisis. We employed two methods of analysis: one for the short-term (i.e. the market adjusted abnormal returns (MAAR)), and the other for the long-term (i.e. the buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHAR)). The results suggest the existence of low efficiency in the Portuguese stock market, generating underpricing for Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the short-term with positive MAARs. The same situation occurs for the long-term, where companies present positive BHARs. © 2014 Isola, Teixeira & Ferreira. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education conference.
Hedging Algorithms and Repeated Matrix Games

Playing repeated matrix games (RMG) while maximizing the cumulative returns is a basic method to evaluate multi-agent learning (MAL) algorithms. Previous work has shown that $UCB$, $M3$, $S$ or $Exp3$ algorithms have good behaviours on average in RMG. Besides, hedging algorithms have been shown to be effective on prediction problems. An hedging algorithm is made up with a top-level algorithm and a set of basic algorithms. To make its decision, an hedging algorithm uses its top-level algorithm to choose a basic algorithm, and the chosen algorithm makes the decision. This paper experimentally shows that well-selected hedging algorithms are better on average than all previous MAL algorithms on the task of playing RMG against various players. $S$ is a very good top-level algorithm, and $UCB$ and $M3$ are very good basic algorithms. Furthermore, two-level hedging algorithms are more effective than one-level hedging algorithms, and three levels are not better than two levels.
The Complete Quantum Hall Trio

Observation of a quantized resistance state in the absence of an external magnetic field completes a trio of quantum Hall related effects. [Also see Report by Chang et al.] When an electric current I flows through a slab of conductor placed in an external magnetic field H perpendicular to the flow direction, the magnetic field deflects the current-carrying charge particles toward the edge of the conductor and a transverse voltage VT develops across the sample. This effect, discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879 (1), is called the Hall effect. Because the transverse resistance (or Hall resistance) defined as VT/I is proportional to H/n, where n is the sheet carrier density of the sample, the Hall effect has been widely used to quantify the carrier type (electron or hole), density, and mobilities of electronic materials. However, in the 1980s it was found that when the charge carriers are confined to a two-dimensional system (or sheet), the Hall resistance becomes exactly quantized at h/(νe2), where h is the Planck constant, e is the electron charge, and ν is a positive integer, whenever H/n approaches specific values (2). This phenomenon, called the quantum Hall effect (QHE), always requires an external magnetic field. On page 167 this issue (3), Chang et al. have discovered that such exact quantization in the transverse resistance can occur even without an external magnetic field on a thin ferromagnetic topological insulator; the result confirms the long-awaited quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), the final member of the quantum Hall trio (see the figure).