Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spared Primary Motor Cortex and The Presence of MEP in Cerebral Palsy Dictate the Responsiveness to tDCS during Gait Training

The current priority of investigations involving transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and neurorehabilitation is to identify biomarkers associated with the positive results of the interventions such that respondent and non-respondent patients can be identified in the early phases of treatment. The aims were to determine whether: (1) present motor evoked potential (MEP); and (2) injuries involving the primary motor cortex, are associated with tDCS-enhancement in functional outcome following gait training in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We reviewed the data from our parallel, randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind studies. Fifty-six children with spastic CP received gait training (either treadmill training or virtual reality training) and tDCS (active or sham). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify clinical, neurophysiologic and neuroanatomic predictors associated with the responsiveness to treatment with tDCS. MEP presence during the initial evaluation and the subcortical injury were associated with positive effects in the functional results. The logistic regression revealed that present MEP was a significant predictor for the six-minute walk test (6MWT; p = 0.003) and gait speed (p = 0.028), whereas the subcortical injury was a significant predictor of gait kinematics (p = 0.013) and gross motor function (p = 0.021). In this preliminary study involving children with CP, two important prediction factors of good responses to anodal tDCS combined with gait training were identified. Apparently, MEP (integrity of the corticospinal tract) and subcortical location of the brain injury exerted different influences on aspects related to gait, such as velocity and kinematics.
Keeping things mindfully on track: Organizational learning under continuity

We take a critical look at the widespread assumption that organizational learning is associated with a mismatch between expectations and outcomes. While mismatch is central to studying organizational learning, we argue that continuity is equally important. Learning under continuity requires an investment of effort, mindfulness and preparedness for change, even if no perceptible change occurs. Although the organizational literature has to some extent dealt with learning under continuity, putting it more firmly on the organizational learning agenda is necessary. A central element of a more explicit focus on learning under continuity, we argue, is to take a temporal view of organizational learning that includes agency at organizational level. We discuss how, from a temporal view, learning under continuity entails the (1) assessment of present courses of action; (2) exploration of future courses of action; and (3) re-interpretation of past courses of action.
Abnormal neuroendocrine response to clomipramine in hereditary affective psychosis

Background: Blunting of prolactin response after serotonergic stimulation during a major depressive episode has been described by several investigators. In this study, the neuroendocrine responses to clomipramine were assessed in remitted patients suffering from hereditary depression. Methods: Twenty remitted patients from 11 large families with multigenerational, multiple cases of major affective disorder (bipolar disorder n=15, recurrent depression n=5, according DSM‐IV) and 12 healthy relatives were investigated. After intravenous application of 12.5 mg of the serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor clomipramine, serum prolactin and cortisol levels were analysed. Results: Patients and comparison group did not differ significantly with respect to age, baseline prolactin and cortisol concentrations. A gender effect was found in an exploratory analysis for prolactin but not for cortisol and therefore the data for prolactin were analysed seperately. After clomipramine infusion, the increase of cortisol was significantly lower in patients than in the comparison group (P=.046). For prolactin, this effect could be found in the male (P=.012) as well as in the female (P=.007) subsample. Conclusions: These results suggest that blunted prolactin and cortisol responses to serotonergic stimulation are characteristic for remitted depressive patients with previous episodes of major affective disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fear of negative evaluation on counselling-help seeking behaviours among public seccondary school students in Nairobi province, Kenya

Secondary school students have educational and personal problems which are not usually met by the schools‟ instructional programme. Studies have shown that fear, embarrassment, distress, male gender and stigma are some of the factors contributing to reluctance to seek counseling help for psychological distress. Fear of negative evaluation has been associated with other social attributes. However, no equivocal data exists on fear of negative evaluation on students‟ attitudes toward seeking counseling help in secondary schools in Kenya. The study sought to determine the relationship between students‟ fear of negative evaluation and their Counseling Help Seeking Behaviors among public secondary school students in Nairobi Province. It also sought to find out the gender and grade level differences in fear of negative evaluation and students‟ attitudes toward seeking counseling help. A total of 253 students both boys and girls participated in the study. Of the enrolled students, 141 were in Form 2 and 112 were in Form 4. Majority of the students were aged 17 years. The school distributions were two girls‟ schools, two boys‟ schools and two mixed schools. Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) scale and Attitude toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help (ATSPPH) scale was used to collect data. The data obtained was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 (currently PASW 17) to determine the predictors of FNE and ATSPPH. A nonparametric correlation coefficient was performed to determine the relationship between FNE and ATSPPH. The study revealed that attitude toward seeking professional psychological help reduced slightly with increase in fear of negative evaluation but the relationship was not linear. There was also no statistically significant difference between Form 2 and Form 4 students‟ fear of negative evaluation (p=0.351). There was a statistically significant difference between students‟ gender and their fear of negative evaluation (p=0.032). Gender was a significant predictor of fear of negative evaluation. The study also revealed that most students had a positive attitude toward seeking psychological help although this was not statistically significant. Further research needs to be carried out in other provinces to find out the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and students‟ counseling help seeking behaviors.
T-cell Dyscrasias in Dermatopathology

Recently, the term “T-cell dyscrasia” has been introduced into the literature of dermatology and dermatopathology. We review the historical background of the term dyscrasia and assess its definition and usage of it in hematopathology and dermatopathology. We learned that the term dyscrasia in the past was associated with meanings very different from one another and that no clear definition and no lucid concept of dyscrasia can be found anywhere in the literature of dermatology and dermatopathology. We conclude that the term dyscrasia in dermatopathology is used mainly to evade problems in interpretation of laboratory findings of a dominant T-cell clone, especially in the circumstance in which a treating physician fails to integrate molecular pathologic data with clinical features and histopathologic findings. Therefore, we suggest that the term lymphomatoid dyscrasia should be abandoned.
Attitudes Toward, and Use of, Textbooks Among Marketing Undergraduates

While textbooks remain a key part of the teaching and learning process, evidence suggests that student completion of reading assignments is lower than teacher expectations. Although there is a small body of literature examining textbook use, studies relating specifically to marketing textbooks are sparse. This article seeks to explore how marketing students perceive and use textbooks, what barriers inhibit their use, and how these barriers might be overcome. Qualitative exploratory and quantitative confirmatory research conducted at a British university reveals that reading assignments from the textbook are rarely completed. The textbook is primarily used as a handbook of definitions to help with the completion of coursework and as a revision aid for exams. The explanation for the lack of reading is less clear. The qualitative research suggested textbooks are cumbersome, inaccessible, and boring and that students perceive reading assignments to be unimportant because of their lack of integration into classwork. However, the quantitative study was less emphatic and revealed a neutral attitude toward textbooks, with less confidence that changes to the style of textbooks would encourage more reading. The article goes on to discuss implications for professional practice and incorporates tentative suggestions as to how to encourage regular and “active” reading.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes self-renewal and inhibits the primed state transition in naïve human embryonic stem cells

Significance Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can exist in a naïve or primed pluripotency state. Naïve PSCs correspond to an earlier developmental state more closely related to cells from the preimplantation embryo and may have more robust developmental potential than primed PSCs. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate naïve PSC behaviors such as self-renewal, differentiation, or preservation of the naïve state is incomplete. Here, we report that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes the self-renewal of naïve human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). When grown in conditions that inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling, naïve hESCs remain undifferentiated but have a more primed-like protein expression profile. Our results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in regulating human naïve pluripotency. In both mice and humans, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exist in at least two distinct states of pluripotency, known as the naïve and primed states. Our understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that enable PSCs to self-renew and to transition between different pluripotent states is important for understanding early development. In mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), Wnt proteins stimulate mESC self-renewal and support the naïve state. In human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), Wnt/β-catenin signaling is active in naïve-state hESCs and is reduced or absent in primed-state hESCs. However, the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in naïve hESCs remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of the secretion of Wnts or inhibition of the stabilization of β-catenin in naïve hESCs reduces cell proliferation and colony formation. Moreover, we show that addition of recombinant Wnt3a partially rescues cell proliferation in naïve hESCs caused by inhibition of Wnt secretion. Notably, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in naïve hESCs did not cause differentiation. Instead, it induced primed hESC-like proteomic and metabolic profiles. Thus, our results suggest that naïve hESCs secrete Wnts that activate autocrine or paracrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote efficient self-renewal and inhibit the transition to the primed state.
Regulation of Hyperpolarization-Activated Hcn Channel Gating and Camp Modulation Due to Interactions of Cooh Terminus and Core Transmembrane Regions

Members of the hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channel family generate HCN currents (Ih) that are directly regulated by cAMP and contribute to pacemaking activity in heart and brain. The four different HCN isoforms show distinct biophysical properties. In cell-free patches from Xenopus oocytes, the steady-state activation curve of HCN2 channels is 20 mV more hyperpolarized compared with HCN1. Whereas the binding of cAMP to a COOH-terminal cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD) markedly shifts the activation curve of HCN2 by 17 mV to more positive potentials, the response of HCN1 is much less pronounced (4 mV shift). A previous deletion mutant study suggested that the CNBD inhibits hyperpolarization-gating in the absence of cAMP; the binding of cAMP shifts gating to more positive voltages by relieving this inhibition. The differences in basal gating and cAMP responsiveness between HCN1 and HCN2 were proposed to result from a greater inhibitory effect of the CNBD in HCN2 compared with HCN1. Here, we use a series of chimeras between HCN1 and HCN2, in which we exchange the NH2 terminus, the transmembrane domain, or distinct domains of the COOH terminus, to investigate further the molecular bases for the modulatory action of cAMP and for the differences in the functional properties of the two channels. Differences in cAMP regulation between HCN1 and HCN2 are localized to sequence differences within the COOH terminus of the two channels. Surprisingly, exchange of the CNBDs between HCN1 and HCN2 has little effect on basal gating and has only a modest one on cAMP modulation. Rather, differences in cAMP modulation depend on the interaction between the CNBD and the C-linker, a conserved 80–amino acid region that connects the last (S6) transmembrane segment to the CNBD. Differences in basal gating depend on both the core transmembrane domain and the COOH terminus. These data, taken in the context of the previous data on deletion mutants, suggest that the inhibitory effect of the CNBD on basal gating depends on its interactions with both the C-linker and core transmembrane domain of the channel. The extent to which cAMP binding is able to relieve this inhibition is dependent on the interaction between the C-linker and the CNBD.
Effects of two modes of exercise training on physical fitness of 10 year-old children

Effects of two modes of exercise training on physical fitness of 10 year-old children Study aim: To compare two exercise training modes on the physical fitness of 10 year-old children. Material and methods: A sample of 60 schoolboys aged 10 years were randomly divided into 3 groups: Traditional (TG), trained according to the Brazilian national curricular parameters, Maturational (MG), in which the degree of difficulty of the activities was adjusted to the level of maturity of subjects, and Control group (CG). The Greulich-Pyle protocol was used to assess biological maturity. The following fitness tests were applied: 5x10 m shuttle run (SHR), Burpee's test (BCT), goniometric (LABIFIE) measurement of shoulder joint flexibility (SAA), horizontal shoulder flexion (HSF), shoulder joint abduction (SJA), lumbar spine flexion (LSF), hip joint extension (HJE) [10], Sargent's Jump Test (SJT), endurance shuttle run (ESR) and 50-m run. The TG and MG groups trained 16 weeks, twice weekly. Results: The only significant (p<0.05) between-group differences were found for SJA (TG>MG) and LSF (TG>CG). Conclusions: Despite the lack of clear-cut results, biological maturation combined with chronological age should be considered when applying various methodological approaches in order to encourage the engagement in physical exercises as this would have favourable carry-over effects.
Flow maximization analysis of cell cycle pathway activation status in breast cancer subtypes

In breast cancer, intrinsic subtypes are classified by PAM50 gene set. Among subtypes, there are several different cancer progressions related with aggressiveness, cell proliferation, and so on. Cell cycle is the main biological pathway for regulation of cell proliferation. Although previous studies supported that it is connected with breast cancer prognosis, there are few studies that investigate which part of cell cycle pathway is different among subtypes. In this paper, we explore KEGG cell cycle pathway with TCGA BRCA RNA expression value by a novel flow maximization technique. Our method has two main features: 1) Split pathway into three-parts by graph topology. 2) Apply flow maximization algorithm to each part differently. Based on maximum flow values and ratio values (flow/capacity), our method discriminates breast cancer subtypes according to aggressiveness. We confirm that cell cycle pathway is highly activated in Basal subtype compared with others. Also we find several genes are related with breast cancer progression, which is well supported by previous studies in the literature.
An Examination of Pack Journalism as a Form of Groupthink: A Theoretical and Qualitative Analysis

This study examines pack journalism as a form of groupthink. Pack journalism is a practice whereby large groups of reporters cluster around a news site, engage in copycat reporting by using and sharing news information, and lazily refrain from confirming the data through independent sources. Groupthink is a concept that describes a consensus-seeking propensity in certain groups. Through a qualitative analysis and thorough explanation of pack journalism, coupled with a theoretical and anecdotal description of groupthink, this study examines the relationships between this pack media practice and the theoretical concept of groupthink. Qualitative data were gathered from e-mail interviews with reporters from major newspaper organizations in several U.S. states. Questions asked in the interview were designed to evoke subjective journalistic opinions about what it means to engage in pack journalism, what the ethical and professional implications are from reporters' standpoints, and what connection there is between pack journalism and groupthink.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma and Surgical Approach to Lymph Node Metastasis

The surgical approach to cutaneous melanoma patients with clinically uninvolved regional lymph nodes has been controversial. Although most patients with melanoma have no clini‐ cally palpable nodal disease at the time of presentation, some patients whose primary tumor increases in thickness, has ulceration, and shows a high mitotic rate histologically harbor clinically undetectable regional lymph node metastasis[1].
Feedback control of a biodynamical model of HIV-1

Describes a continuous differential equation model of the interaction dynamics of HIV-1 and CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in the human body. The authors demonstrate several methods of stable control of the HIV-1 population using an external feedback control term that is analogous to the introduction of a therapeutic drug regimen. They also show how the immune system components can be bolstered against the virus through a feedback control approach.
Hypovitaminosis D and Associated Cardiometabolic Risk in Women with PCOS.

INTRODUCTION Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) frequently suffer from metabolic disturbances like insulin resistance, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Accumulating evidences suggest that Vitamin D deficiency is common in PCOS and may be associated with metabolic and endocrinal dysfunctions in PCOS. Thus women with PCOS may be at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. AIM Present study aims to evaluate Vitamin D status and to assess its association with metabolic and endocrinal dysregulations in women with PCOS, which might help in early identification and prevention of future symptomatic cardiac disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 44 women with PCOS, diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria and 45 healthy control without PCOS, were evaluated for Vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors, including fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hs-CRP. That apart, several endocrinal parameters of hyperandrogenism were also examined. Several correlation studies were determined to establish the role of Vitamin D as a cardiometabolic risk factor in PCOS. RESULTS Results were expressed as mean±SD and were statistically analysed using SPSS software version 16, unpaired student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. We found lower levels of Vitamin D, which was statistically significant as compared to healthy controls. Hyperinsulinemia, rise in insulin resistance and marked dyslipidemia was observed in the present study. Another relevant finding was significant correlation of Vitamin D with insulin and Homeostatic Model of Assessment- Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR). CONCLUSION Hypovitaminosis D was prevalent in PCOS. This was related to metabolic and hormonal disorders in PCOS. Possibly this combined with impaired fasting glucose, IR and dyslipidemia, could account for Cardio vascular risks in PCOS. Further prospective observational studies and randomized control trials are required to explore the above hypothesis.
Religious language as a transitional phenomenon: Lullabies in times of danger

ABSTRACT: This article is dedicated to Dorothy Dinnerstein, who died suddenly on December 17, 1992. Mother to one author, mentor to the other, she commented on an early version of the manuscript. The themes of this article reflect the influence of her thought regarding the overlapping structures of human sentience and their role in the progress of social evolution. This article explores the place of religious language in individual and social change. The relations between autonomy and intimacy, between regression and development, and between personal and political experience are examined within the framework of several quite varied uses of religious language. Building on D. W. Winnicott's concept of transitional phenomena and feminist‐object‐relations theorists’ emphasis on relatedness as a cornerstone of development, we suggest that it is precisely through the apparently regressive function of religious language that creative, developmental progress can at times be made.
pIIICTX, a Predicted CTXφ Minor Coat Protein, Can Expand the Host Range of Coliphage fd To Include Vibrio cholerae

ABSTRACT CTXφ is a filamentous bacteriophage that encodes cholera toxin. CTXφ infection of its host bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, requires the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and the products of the V. cholerae tolQRA genes. Here, we have explored the role of OrfU, a predicted CTXφ minor coat protein, in CTXφ infection. Prior to the discovery that it was part of a prophage, orfU was initially described as an open reading frame of unknown function that lacked similarity to known protein sequences. Based on its size and position in the CTXφ genome, we hypothesized that OrfU may function in a manner similar to that of the coliphage fd protein pIII and mediate CTXφ infection as well as playing a role in CTXφ assembly and release. Deletion of orfU from CTXφ dramatically reduced the number of CTXφ virions detected in supernatants from CTXφ-bearing cells. This defect was complemented by expression of orfU in trans, thereby confirming a role for this gene in CTXφ assembly and/or release. To evaluate the requirement for OrfU in CTXφ infection, we introduced fragments of orfU into gIII in an fd derivative to create OrfU-pIII fusions. While fd is ordinarily unable to infect V. cholerae, an fd phage displaying the N-terminal 274 amino acids of OrfU could infect V. cholerae in a TCP- and TolA-dependent fashion. Since our findings indicate that OrfU functions as the CTXφ pIII, we propose to rename OrfU as pIIICTX. Our data also provide new evidence for a conserved pathway for filamentous phage infection.