Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFICACY AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PANIC DISORDER WITH AGORAPHOBIA

The present paper aimed (1) to review the literature to examine the effectiveness of CBT as treatment for PDA and (2) to evaluate whether the efficacy of CBT treatments is related to the change to cognitive processes that are postulated to be important in the cognitive models of PDA. A literature review of CBT studies in the area of PDA was conducted using both descriptive and quantitative (meta-analysis) procedures. In all, 35 studies published between 1969 and 1996 were included. The results show that CBT is an effective treatment for PDA. However, the contribution of cognitive processes to this disorder and the role that they play in the successful outcome of CBT remain unclear and in need of further empirical investigation. At present, CBT treatment provides limited support to validate the cognitive models of PDA.
Psychiatric comorbidity and 30-day readmissions after hospitalization for heart failure, AMI, and pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE In 2012, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services implemented a policy that penalizes hospitals for "excessive" all-cause hospital readmissions within 30 days after discharge from an index hospitalization for heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and pneumonia. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of psychiatric comorbidities on 30-day all-cause readmissions following hospitalizations for HF, AMI, and pneumonia. METHODS Data from 2009-2011 were derived from the HMO Research Network Virtual Data Warehouse of 11 health systems affiliated with the Mental Health Research Network. All index inpatient hospitalizations for HF, AMI, and pneumonia were captured (N=160,169). Psychiatric diagnoses for the year prior to admission were measured. All-cause readmissions within 30 days of discharge were the outcome variable. RESULTS Approximately 18% of all individuals with index inpatient hospitalizations for HF, AMI, and pneumonia were readmitted within 30 days. The rate of readmission was 5% greater for individuals with a psychiatric comorbidity compared with those without a psychiatric comorbidity (21.7% and 16.5%, respectively, p<.001). Depression, anxiety, and dementia were associated with more readmissions of persons with index hospitalizations for each general medical condition and for all the conditions combined (p<.05). Substance use and bipolar disorders were linked with higher readmissions for those with initial hospitalizations for HF and pneumonia (p<.05). Readmission rates declined overall from 2009 to 2011. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with HF, AMI, and pneumonia experience high rates of readmission, but psychiatric comorbidities appear to increase that risk. Future interventions to reduce readmission should consider adding mental health components.
Effect of seasonal variations and collection form on antioxidant activity of propolis from San Juan, Argentina.

Propolis was included in the Argentine Food Code as a functional food. The chemical parameters and antioxidant properties of propolis samples from the same colonies of Apis mellifera in San Juan (Cuyo region, Western Argentine) were compared every month for 1 year using two collection methods. Chemical parameters were analyzed by the spectrophotometric method and fingerprinting using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The antioxidant activities of propolis samples were measured using model systems including the analysis of the scavenging activities for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and the beta-carotene bleaching assay. The results showed that propolis had a higher free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory capacity than butylated hydroxytoluene and quercetin, antioxidants used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The concentration required to scavenge 50% of free radicals (SC(50)) values differed depending on the sample collection month. Samples collected in November had the highest antioxidant capacity. In all cases, SC(50) values of propolis samples obtained by scraping were similar to those collected from a wire mesh (5 microg/mL for ABTS and 20-30 microg/mL for DPPH radicals). A significant positive correlation was found between the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content of each analyzed extract. The chemical profiles were very similar. Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), an antioxidant compound, was detected in all samples as a major compound. The chromatographic profile suggests that of Baccharis sp. , which would be one of the botanical sources of propolis from western Argentina, and the content of galangin can be used as a parameter for evaluating propolis quality. Our results suggest that Argentine propolis from Cuyo is a promising source of bioactive compounds as ingredients for developing functional foods with a beneficial impact on oxidative stress.
Toward a Constructivist and Developmental Identity for the Counseling Profession: The Context‐Phase‐Stage‐Style Model

The constructivist and developmental metatheories offer foundations for prevention- and health-oriented counseling approaches that target the whole population. In the assessment model proposed here, the counselor is directed toward 4 specific dimensions of human construction and development. They are the following: social context, life phase, constructive stage, and personality style. It is proposed that such assessment be infused into everyday counseling practice in schools, mental health settings, and colleges while also being a ground for the counselor education curriculum.
The Random Response Technique as an Indicator of Questionnaire Item Social Desirability/Personal Sensitivity

Begin, Boivin, and Bellerose (1979) presented an hypothesis relating the random response technique to the sensitivity of questionnaire items. This hypothesis states that if one assumes the random response technique assures subjects a greater degree of anonymity than the traditional direct questionnaire method, then a comparison between these two methods would be a direct and useful index of the social disirability of a particular trait, behavior, or attitude. It is proposed that if the proportion of “yes” responses to a particular item was higher for the direct questionnaire group than the random response group, then the item was socially desirable. If the converse resulted, the item was socially undesirable. The Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (Crowne and Marlowe, 1960; Crowne and Marlowe, 1964) was used to test this hypothesis. The results suggest a potential new use for the random response technique. The implications of this procedure for scale construction are also discussed.
The Partisan Effects of Voter Turnout: How Conservatives Profit from Rainy Election Days

In this short note, we use data from different elections in the German state of North-Rhine Westphalia between 1975 and 2010 to show that the social democrats generally profit from higher voter turnout at the expense of the conservatives. We deal with the endogeneity of voter turnout by using election day rain as an instrumental variable. Our particular contribution is the comparison of municipal and state elections.
Extracting and verifying cryptographic models from C protocol code by symbolic execution

Consider the problem of verifying security properties of a cryptographic protocol coded in C. We propose an automatic solution that needs neither a pre-existing protocol description nor manual annotation of source code. First, symbolically execute the C program to obtain symbolic descriptions for the network messages sent by the protocol. Second, apply algebraic rewriting to obtain a process calculus description. Third, run an existing protocol analyser (ProVerif) to prove security properties or find attacks. We formalise our algorithm and appeal to existing results for ProVerif to establish computational soundness under suitable circumstances. We analyse only a single execution path, so our results are limited to protocols with no significant branching. The results in this paper provide the first computationally sound verification of weak secrecy and authentication for (single execution paths of) C code.
Physiological and Pharmacological Characterization of the Area Postrema Pressor Pathways in the Normal Dog

SUMMARY Previous studies have implicated the area postrema (AP) as a site responsible for the centrally mediated neurogenic effects of angiotensin II. To clarify its role further we characterized in mongrel dogs: 1) the onset and offset transients of the pressor response due to electrical stimulation of the AP; 2) the peripheral efferent autonomic pathways; and 3) the immediate and long-term hemodynamic effects of AP ablation. Large pressor responses (+30 ± 4 mm Hg) due to increased peripheral resistance were obtained at low stimulus strength (20-80 MA) via electrodes stereotaxically lowered into the area postrema. Rises in arterial pressure were due to augmented sympathetic activity because they were prevented by sympathetic ganglionic blockade. and were unaffected by either vagotomy or beta-adrenergic blockade. In conscious, trained, instrumented dogs thermocoagulation of the AP caused transient hypertension (40 ± 1%) and tachycardia. Subsequently, mild hypotension due to decreases in cardiac output and peripheral resistance was a feature persisting for 4 additional weeks of measurements. The mild changes in resting hemodynamics were associated with a large fall in the normal lability of heart rate and cardiac output sustained for the entire period of observation. The hypotensive effects of AP ablation were accompanied by significantly reduced vasoconstrictor effects of I.V. injected angiotensin II at all doses tested (0.5-5 fig). Vascular responses to I.V. norepinephrine (5-40 ng) were augmented. Since electrical stimulation causes hypertension and ablation results in sustained hypotension, the data indicate that the AP participates in the regulation of blood pressure by the central nervous system.
Molecular Events that Contribute to Lysyl Oxidase Enzyme Activity and Insoluble Collagen Accumulation in Osteosarcoma Cell Clones

Maximum collagen synthesis and maximum accumulation of insoluble collagen occur at different phenotypic stages in developing osteoblastic cell cultures. Insoluble collagen accumulation depends in part on the activity of extracellular enzymes including procollagen N‐proteinases, procollagen C‐proteinase (derived from the BMP1 gene), and lysyl oxidase. In addition to its action on procollagen, procollagen C‐proteinase processes prolysyl oxidase to mature 32‐kDa lysyl oxidase. The regulation of extracellular activities that control insoluble collagen accumulation has not been studied extensively. The present study compares molecular events that control production of a collagenous mineralized extracellular matrix in vitro among five different murine osteosarcoma cell clones derived from the same tumor, but which differ in their ability to produce an insoluble mineralized matrix. Levels of insoluble type I collagen, insoluble calcium, bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP‐1), and lysyl oxidase expression, lysyl oxidase biosynthesis, lysyl oxidase activity, and prolysyl oxidase processing activity were determined. Results surprisingly indicate that lysyl oxidase activity is not related closely to lysyl oxidase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels among the different cell clones. However, it appears that BMP‐1‐dependent prolysyl oxidase processing could contribute to the observed lysyl oxidase activity. Highest collagen and BMP‐1 mRNA levels, prolysyl oxidase processing activity, and lysyl oxidase activity occurred in a cell clone (K8) that showed the highest levels of insoluble collagen accumulation. Culture media from a cell clone (K37) that accumulates little insoluble collagen or calcium but expresses high levels of lysyl oxidase mRNA contained low molecular weight fragments of lysyl oxidase protein and showed low lysyl oxidase activity. By contrast the K14 cell line exhibits relatively high lysyl oxidase activity and collagen accumulation, but low levels of mature lysyl oxidase protein. Together, these studies indicate that catabolic as well as anabolic activities are important in regulating insoluble collagen accumulation in osteoblastic cells. In addition, results suggest that products of genes homologous to lysyl oxidase may contribute to observed lysyl oxidase activity.
Teaching Quality in Math Class: The Development of a Scale and the Analysis of Its Relationship with Engagement and Achievement

Math achievement and engagement declines in secondary education; therefore, educators are faced with the challenge of engaging students to avoid school failure. Within self-determination theory, we address the need to assess comprehensively student perceptions of teaching quality that predict engagement and achievement. In study one we tested, in a sample of 548 high school students, a preliminary version of a scale to assess nine factors: teaching for relevance, acknowledge negative feelings, participation encouragement, controlling language, optimal challenge, focus on the process, class structure, positive feedback, and caring. In the second study, we analyzed the scale’s reliability and validity in a sample of 1555 high school students. The scale showed evidence of reliability, and with regard to criterion validity, at the classroom level, teaching quality was a predictor of behavioral engagement, and higher grades were observed in classes where students, as a whole, displayed more behavioral engagement. At the within level, behavioral engagement was associated with achievement. We not only provide a reliable and valid method to assess teaching quality, but also a method to design interventions, these could be designed based on the scale items to encourage students to persist and display more engagement on school duties, which in turn bolsters student achievement.
Children's beliefs about intelligence and school performance.

The study was designed, first, to explore associations among children's beliefs about intelligence and effort, goal orientations, self-reported learning strategies, and academic achievement. Assessments of all variables were conducted twice over 1 school year on 319 children in Grades 3-6. Results indicated that the belief that intelligence is relatively fixed was associated with the beliefs that performance is relatively stable and that intelligence is global in its effects on performance. This set of beliefs was differentiated from the belief that effort has positive effects on intelligence and performance. Children's beliefs in intelligence as fixed and affecting performance were negatively associated with academic achievement, but a path analysis provided only modest support for the hypothesis that the effect of such beliefs would be mediated by a performance goal orientation and accompanying superficial learning strategies.
Leaf tructural characteristics are less important than leaf chemical properties in determining the response of leaf mass per area and photosynthesis of Eucalyptus saligna to industrial-age changes in [ CO 2 ] and temperature

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short(6 h) and long(2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
Human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 are not detectable in Merkel cell polyomavirus‐negative Merkel cell carcinoma

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has a high degree of association with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). However, no reliable microscopic, clinical, phenotypic or molecular differences have been identified that distinguish MCPyV‐positive from MCPyV‐negative MCC, raising the possibility that a related polyomavirus may be present in MCPyV‐negative cases. Recently, two additional human polyomaviruses, human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 (HPyV6 and HPyV7), were shown to be present in normal skin of healthy subjects along with MCPyV. Consequently, we sought to determine if the presence of HPyV6 of HPyV7 could account for MCPyV‐negative MCC.
Effects of Leadership Style, Creativity Technique and Personal Initiative on Employee Creativity

Transformational leadership is assumed to enhance employees' creativity. However, results of meta‐analytic research on the relations between transformational leadership and creativity have fallen short of expectations. The authors argue that, besides leadership style, the creativity technique that a leader employs is an important means of stimulating employees' creativity. In addition, it is assumed that leadership styles and creativity techniques may have different effects, depending on the measure of creativity output (quantitative vs qualitative). Therefore, in an experimental setting, the effects of different creativity techniques (provocation technique vs brainwriting) and leadership styles (transformational vs transactional) on both quantitative and qualitative creativity were examined. Results showed that transformational leadership and provocation technique led to higher levels of qualitative creativity than transactional leadership and brainwriting, respectively. Conversely, transactional leadership and brainwriting were more effective for quantitative creativity. The additional benefit of the provocation technique in qualitative creativity was found to be higher in the transactional leadership condition than in the transformational leadership condition. Moreover, personal initiative made a significant and independent contribution to both qualitative and quantitative creativity. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
An Experimental Study of Socially Facilitated ‘Humorous Laughter’

Independent groups of 7-yr. -old children listened through headphones to humorous material in dyadic conditions and when alone. Members of a dyad were of like-sex. Ss' companions were trained confederates who reacted according to pre-recorded on-line directions received through headphones. Increments in the companion's mirth augmented Ss' laughter, smiling and looking at the companion's face. The companion's facilitative influences were not reduced when they were thought to be listening to different humorous recordings. There was a significant relationship between humor-ratings and amount of time spent laughing, and Ss expected companions to rate the material as funnier when the latter displayed more mirth. There were no sex differences or interaction effects.
Differences between centric relation and maximum intercuspation as possible cause for development of temporomandibular disorder analyzed with T-scan III

Objective: To compare subjects from the group with fixed dentures, the group who present temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and a control group considering centric relation (CR) and maximum intercuspation (MIC)/habitual occlusion (Hab. Occl.) and to analyze the related variables also compared and analyzed with electronic system T-scan III. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 subjects were divided into three groups; 17 subjects with fixed dentures, 14 with TMD and 23 controls-selection based on anamnesis-responded to a Fonseca questionnaire and clinical measurements analyzed with electronic system T-scan III. Occlusal force, presented by percentage (automatically by the T-scan electronic system) was analyzed in CR and in MIC. Results: Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and differences in P < 0.05 were considered significant. After measurements of the differences between CR and MIC in the three groups were noticed varieties but the P > 0.05 it was not significant in all three groups. Conclusion: In our study, it was concluded that there are not statistically significant differences between CR and MIC in the group of individuals without any symptom or sign of TMD although there are noticed in the group with TMD and fixed dentures disharmonic relation between the arches with overload of the occlusal force on the one side.
Differences in the problem solving of stronger and weaker novices in physics: Knowledge, strategies, or knowledge structure?

This study investigates the extent to which differences in the problem-solving performance of stronger and weaker novices in physics arise from: (a) differences in amount of domain knowledge, (b) differences in how domain knowledge is organized, and (c) differences in the strategic application of domain knowledge. Ten first-year university physics students attempted to solve one easy and one difficult problem involving Newton's second law. Clear differences in the protocols of stronger and weaker students for the difficult problem, combined with successful performance by all students on the easy problem, were interpreted as evidence for differences in the organization of relevant knowledge held by more versus less successful first-year physics students. Some differences in procedural knowledge were also observed, but all students used the working forward strategy that had been presented to them in lectures.
Short- and long-term memories formed upon backward conditioning in honeybees (Apis mellifera)

In classical conditioning, the temporal sequence of stimulus presentations is critical for the association between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US). In forward conditioning, the CS precedes the US and is learned as a predictor for the US. Thus it acquires properties to elicit a behavioral response, defined as excitatory properties. In backward conditioning, the US precedes the CS. The CS might be learned as a predictor for the cessation of the US acquiring inhibitory properties that inhibit a behavioral response. Interestingly, behavior after backward conditioning is controlled by both excitatory and inhibitory properties of the CS, but the underlying mechanisms determining which of these opposing properties control behavior upon retrieval is poorly understood. We performed conditioning experiments in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) to investigate the CS properties that control behavior at different time points after backward conditioning. The CS properties, as characterized by the retardation or enhancement of subsequent acquisition, were examined 30 min and 24 h after backward conditioning. We found that 30 min after backward conditioning, the CS acquired an inhibitory property during backward conditioning depending on the intertrial interval, the number of trials, and the odor used as the CS. One day after backward conditioning, we observed significant retardation of acquisition. In addition, we demonstrated an enhanced, generalized odor response in the backward conditioned group compared to untreated animals. These results indicate that two long-lasting opposing memories have been formed in parallel: one about the excitatory properties of the CS and one about the inhibitory properties of the CS.