Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Das Autismus-spezifische soziale Kompetenztraining SOSTA-FRA für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störung

Patienten mit Autismus-Spektrum-Storungen zeigen deutliche Einschrankungen der sozialen Interaktion und Kommunikation sowie stereotypes Verhalten und Sonderinteressen. Als therapeutische Methode der Wahl fur Kinder und Jugendlichen mit durchschnittlichen kognitiven Fertigkeiten gelten autismusspezifische soziale Kompetenztrainings, anhand derer die beiden zentralen Bereiche der sozialen Interaktion und Kommunikation verbessert werden sollen. In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Effekt der neu entwickelten autismusspezifischen Gruppentherapie SOSTA-FRA auf die Verbesserung der sozialen Reaktivitat im Elternurteil anhand einer Pra-Post-Studie untersucht. Zusatzlich werden globale Mase des Therapieerfolgs sowie Prozessvariablen bezogen auf die einzelnen Gruppentherapiesitzungen explorativ untersucht. Es zeigte sich ein mittlerer Effekt auf die Gesamt-SRS-Skala im Elternurteil. In der Selbstbeurteilung der Patienten zeigte sich eine gute Umsetzung selbst formulierter Therapieziele. Die SOSTA-FRA Gruppentherapi.
Descentralización, transferencias territoriales y desarrollo local

La concertacion entre actores politicos, sociales y privados en escenarios locales puede ser de gran utilidad para estimular la competitividad economica, pero para ello seria indispensable que las colectividades locales contaran con mas autonomia y recursos, e igualdad de oportunidades. En el presente articulo se comienza por inquirir sobre las condiciones para que la profundizacion de la descentralizacion politica que el desarrollo local requiere coadyuve a la eficiencia y a la equidad, y como los sistemas de transferencias pueden constituirse en instrumentos determinantes para avanzar en equidad y generar condiciones de eficiencia. En este marco teorico se examinan los sistemas de transferencias basicas de los procesos de descentralizacion mas antiguos y/o avanzados de la region y se proponen algunos lineamientos no solo para hacer viable el desarrollo local bajo las condiciones mencionadas, sino tambien para avanzar en la construccion de ciudadania. /
Prevalence and Effects

Permanent unilateral hearing loss (UHL) of any degree and mild bilateral hearing loss (MBHL) are common conditions of childhood. When left undetected and in the absence of intervention, both UHL and MBHL can adversely affect development and can result in difficulties in speech, language, behavior, and academic achievement for some children. This article describes the prevalence of UHL and MBHL among newborns and school-aged children, the definitions of UHL and MBHL, and provides an overview of the effects of these hearing losses on children's development. The article concludes that some children with UHL and MBHL are more at risk for problems than are others. Important questions for future research studies to ask are what subgroups of children with UHL and MBHL are likely to have difficulties with speech, language, reading, academic performance, and behavior; how do we identify these children; and what kinds of interventions are most appropriate for them?
Stress and anxiety: Conceptual and assessment issues

There is considerable confusion and disagreement in the psychological and psychiatric literature regarding the meaning of stress and anxiety. The present discussion offers several important distinctions between the two constructs, and outlines some causal relationships between them. Special emphasis is placed on the methodological issues involved in assessing anxiety. The usefulness of distinguishing between state and trait anxiety is discussed, along with treating both of these constructs as multidimensional. The interactional model of anxiety is examined and some recent empirical support for this approach is reviewed. The discussion concludes with a brief summary of an interaction process model of anxiety, stress and coping.
ADAM10 Mediates Ectodomain Shedding of the Betacellulin Precursor Activated by p-Aminophenylmercuric Acetate and Extracellular Calcium Influx*

Betacellulin belongs to the family of epidermal growth factor-like growth factors that are expressed as transmembrane precursors and undergo proteolytic ectodomain shedding to release a soluble mature growth factor. In this study, we investigated the ectodomain shedding of the betacellulin precursor (pro-BTC) in conditionally immortalized wild-type (WT) and ADAM-deficient cell lines. Sequential ectodomain cleavage of the predominant cell-surface 40-kDa form of pro-BTC generated a major (26–28 kDa) and two minor (20 and 15 kDa) soluble forms and a cellular remnant lacking the ectodomain (12 kDa). Pro-BTC shedding was activated by calcium ionophore (A23187) and by the metalloprotease activator p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), but not by phorbol esters. Culturing cells in calcium-free medium or with the protein kinase Cδ inhibitor rottlerin, but not with broad-based protein kinase C inhibitors, blocked A23187-activated pro-BTC shedding. These same treatments were without effect for constitutive and APMA-induced cleavage events. All pro-BTC shedding was blocked by treatment with a broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor (GM6001). In addition, constitutive and activated pro-BTC shedding was differentially blocked by TIMP-1 or TIMP-3, but was insensitive to treatment with TIMP-2. Pro-BTC shedding was functional in cells from ADAM17- and ADAM9-deficient mice and in cells overexpressing WT or catalytically inactive ADAM17. In contrast, overexpression of WT ADAM10 enhanced constitutive and activated shedding of pro-BTC, whereas overexpression of catalytically inactive ADAM10 reduced shedding. These results demonstrate, for the first time, activated pro-BTC shedding in response to extracellular calcium influx and APMA and provide evidence that ADAM10 mediates constitutive and activated pro-BTC shedding.
Paradigm Development in the Social Sciences: A Proposed Research Strategy

A paradigm development strategy of research consists of: fitting data into a theoretical framework with general laws to explain the data; deducing hypotheses from the general laws; and subjecting these hypotheses to empirical test. Deductive-nomological reasoning, crucial experiments, and typology of experimental control strategies are presented. Methods of strong inference are discussed, followed by a description of paradigm development research. Examples illustrate the strategy of paradigm research.
Representasi Perempuan dalam Film Bernuansa Islami

This writing shows that work of film which signs and defines realities through separation and election of meaning network fitting to certain view has limited audiences’ paradigm in defining their social realities; as if what given by film is a usual happening and should be a direction for the audiences to behave and act. The direction then is tightly attached with identification for differing between good and bad, wrong and right, friend and foe, us and them, even the most liked by the audiences is: sexual differentiation between man and woman. In this respect, to be a man or woman is presented as a different experience and cannot be the same in terms of behavior, action and role in whole life aspects. By this meaning construction, cultural hegemony starts. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i4. 912
Imagining Can Heighten or Lower the Perceived Likelihood of Contracting a Disease

Prior research has demonstrated that imagining hypothetical future events may render those events subjectively more likely. The suggestion has been made that this effect is due to the increased availability in memory of the events imagined. To test directly this explanation in a health context, the present study examined the effects of both ease and difficulty of imagining contracting a disease on subjects' beliefs that the event would occur. Subjects were asked to imagine contracting a disease described either as having certain easy-to-imagine symptoms or difficult-to-imagine symptoms. Following this, subjects rated their ease of imagination and estimated the likelihood of contracting the disease. The results revealed that judgments of ease or difficulty of imagination paralleled judgments of the likelihood of contracting the disease. Those subjects who rated the disease as easy-to-imagine judged the disease as more likely to occur, whereas those who experienced difficulty in imagining the disease rated it as less likely to occur. The results are interpreted in terms of the availability heuristic and give direct support for and extend this principle by showing that trying to imagine difficult-to-construct or cognitively inaccessible events reduces likelihood estimates. Implications for preventive health programs are discussed.
Mothers' Experiences of Transition Planning for Their Children with Disabilities

planning, implementing, evaluating, and balancing the details of parents’ lives with the details of their children’s lives to achieve an integrated quality of life for the entire family. Parents are the consistent thread in their children’s lives, and the responsibility for obtaining and following through with adult services for their children typically falls on them. Although families piece together support networks, invest personal resources, and juggle multiple roles and responsibilities to help their children achieve fulfilling futures, teachers must ensure that they equip parents with needed information and resources. Current service-delivery models place families in a central role in determining services, and educators now realize that they must furnish supports for parents so that they can participate effectively in this complex transition process (Caldwell, 2006; Kreider, Caspe, Kennedy, & Weiss, 2007). Parental and family involvement in the transition of youth with disabilities from school to the adult world is vital. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 emphasized the important role that families play in their children’s education, and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004 mandated parental involvement in educational planning. Research indicates that student and family participation remains one of the five national challenges facing secondary education and transition services (Johnson, Stodden, Emanuel, Luecking, & Mack, 2002; see box “Challenges
Broadening the Mind? Australian Student Reflections on the Experience of Overseas Study

Internationalization of higher education is usually accompanied by rhetorical flourishes that are always going to be difficult to live up to. The research reported here is based on surveys and focus group interviews with students at our home university that asks what students expect to learn and really learn from the university study abroad program. In emphasizing what the students surveyed and interviewed for this study reported learning, or thought they might learn, we are able to offer suggestions that can narrow the breach between the rhetoric and the practice of international education and suggest ways of ensuring that students gain as much as possible from their experiences while studying abroad.
Which response criteria best help predict survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following chemoembolization? A validation study of old and new models.

PURPOSE To identify differences in radiologic assessment methods and determine optimal imaging criteria for response evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with chemoembolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained, and patient informed consent was waived. The present study included 332 patients with intermediate stage HCC and Child-Pugh A cirrhosis who underwent serial chemoembolization. All measurable target lesions of 1 cm or larger in diameter were uni- and bidimensionally measured both at baseline and during follow-up. Intermodel agreement among the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), and modified RECIST (mRECIST) were examined. The most reliable model was selected on the basis of the correlation with survival prediction. RESULTS The κ values of comparisons among WHO, RECIST, and mRECIST guidelines were less than 0.20, whereas the κ value for the comparison of EASL and mRECIST guidelines was 0.94. In patients with a partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD), compared with patients with a complete response (CR), hazard ratios (HRs) for survival were 2.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.14, 4.17), 3.49 (95% CI: 1.71, 7.10), and 15.63 (95% CI: 9.51, 25.69), respectively, for EASL criteria. In patients with a PR, SD, or PD, compared with patients with a CR, the HRs were 2.75 (95% CI: 1.96, 3.87), 6.32 (95% CI: 3.67, 10.90), and 16.06 (95% CI: 9.76, 26.43), respectively, for mRECIST guidelines (P<.001). The C index for the multivariate model was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.79) for both EASL and mRECIST guidelines, thus exhibiting satisfactory capability to help predict survival. The Cox regression model revealed that both mRECIST and EASL guidelines were independent predictors of overall survival (P<.001 for both). CONCLUSION The enhancement models more accurately helped predict long-term survival in HCC patients treated with chemoembolization.
A Generalizability Approach to Assessing the Effects of Ethnicity and Training on Observer Ratings of Family Interactions

This exploratory investigation assessed the utility of generalizability analyses for investigating race of coder and race of family member (‘target’) as contributors to bias in observer ratings of family interaction processes. Thirty behavioral scales were rated on three occasions during an initial 5-week (100-hour) training period. African-American and European-American coders observed videotaped interactions occurring in one African-American and one European-American parent–child dyad. For each scale, levels of rater bias and rater agreement were examined over time. Although most scales showed decreasing levels of bias with training (as expected), some did not. For scales showing a main effect for coder race, European-American coders rated targets more favorably than did African-American coders. For scales susceptible to coder race by target race interactions, coders tended to favor otherrace rather than same-race targets. Suggestions for applying the generalizability approach in future family interaction research are presented.
A Comparative Study of Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests during Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

The hormonal fluctuations that occur during the normal menstrual cycle may alter the autonomic functions. In the present study, an attempt was made to study cardiovascular autonomic functions during different phases of menstrual cycle and to correlate the changes if any to hormonal influences. Select cardiovascular sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic function tests were conducted on 50 normal healthy young unmarried female subjects in the age group of 20 to 25 years who had normal regular menstrual cycles. The tests were conducted during menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle using electrocardiograph and mercury sphygmomanometer. The results were statistically analysed by applying paired “t” test. Our findings indicate a higher sympathetic activity and a higher basal heart rate in secretory phase as compared to other phases. Parasympathetic activity on the other hand did not show statistically significant differences. This higher sympathetic activity may be correlated with higher oestrogen & progesterone levels during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The results of our study have emphasized the complexity of the relationship between ovarian steroids & various hemodynamic regulatory systems.
Viewing Resistance as Ambivalence: Integrative Strategies for Working With Resistant Ambivalence

Resistance to change is a problem that has long evaded easy solutions. In this article, the authors suggest the value of understanding and working with some forms of resistance as ambivalence. They describe resistant ambivalence in the context of an integrative and multivoiced understanding. A person who is ambivalent possesses a voice that moves toward change and a voice that struggles against change. The authors sought therapy methods that were consistent with the multivoiced integrative understanding of ambivalence and that could be useful in its resolution. Motivational interviewing and the two-chair method are described in this article, along with illustrative case material. These methods share a common spirit and therapist style that is accepting of the client's worldview and creates a strong partnership between the therapist and client. These methods can be used in conjunction with other therapy approaches and have a research base supporting their use.
Overexpression of SbSI-1, A Nuclear Protein from Salicornia brachiata Confers Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance and Maintains Photosynthetic Efficiency in Transgenic Tobacco

A novel Salicornia brachiata Salt Inducible (SbSI-1) gene was isolated and overexpressed in tobacco for in planta functional validation subjected to drought and salt stress. SbSI-1 is a nuclear protein. The transgenic tobacco overexpressing SbSI-1 gene exhibited better seed germination, growth performances, pigment contents, cell viability, starch accumulation, and tolerance index under drought and salt stress. Overexpression of SbSI-1 gene alleviated the build-up of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and curtailed the ROS-induced oxidative damages thus improved the physiological health of transgenic tobacco under stressed conditions. The higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, lower accumulation of ROS, higher membrane stability, relative water content, and polyphenol contents indicated the better survival of the transgenic tobacco than wild-type (WT) tobacco under stressed conditions. Transgenic tobacco had a higher net photosynthetic rate, PSII operating efficiency, and performance index under drought and salt stress. Higher accumulation of compatible solutes and K+/Na+ ratio in transgenic tobacco than WT showed the better osmotic and redox homeostasis under stressed conditions. The up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (NtSOD, NtAPX, and NtCAT) and transcription factors (NtDREB2 and NtAP2) in transgenic tobacco under stressed conditions showed the role of SbSI-1 in ROS alleviation and involvement of this gene in abiotic stress tolerance. Multivariate data analysis exhibited statistical distinction among growth responses, physiological health, osmotic adjustment, and photosynthetic responses of WT and transgenic tobacco under stressed conditions. The overexpression of SbSI-1 gene curtailed the ROS-induced oxidative damages and maintained the osmotic homeostasis under stress conditions thus improved physiological health and photosynthetic efficiencies of the transgenic tobacco overexpressing SbSI-1 gene.
Teacher-Perceived Work Autonomy: The Concept and Its Measurement

A scale to measure teacher sense of work autonomy, Teacher Work-Autonomy (TWA), is presented in this article. Replicability analyses of scores on the TWA —cross validation and validity generalization—were conducted and results reported in two studies. The purpose of the first study was to conceptualize the notion of teacher work autonomy, and the purpose of the second was to provide empirical evidence for the validity of scores on a scale derived from the results of the first study. The first study was based on a sample of 156 Israeli elementary school teachers, and in the second, a total of 650 elementary and secondary school teachers in Israel served as participants. Facet theory analytic techniques and factor analysis were used. Results indicated that four areas of functioning were pertinent to teachers’ sense of autonomy at work: (a) class teaching, (b) school mode of operating, (c) staff development, and (d) curriculum development.
Influential factors of prognosis in lamivudine treatment for patients with acute‐on‐chronic hepatitis B liver failure

Background and Aims: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health issue, and the prognosis of patients with HBV‐associated acute‐on‐chronic hepatic failure (ACLF) is extremely poor. In this study, the efficacy of lamivudine was investigated in patients with ACLF. The effects of HBV DNA load and its related factors on the prognosis were also further explored.
The effects of source likeability and need for cognition on advertising effectiveness under explicit persuasion

While there is evidence that an endorser's likeability plays a determining role in the advertising effectiveness of explicit persuasive appeals, this paper examines the impact of the need for cognition (NFC) as a moderator of this relationship. We find that this effect holds, as predicted, for individuals with lower NFC, but not for those with higher NFC. Furthermore, the effects of explicit persuasion and the endorser's likeability on evaluations of products or services by lower-NFC consumers were found to be mediated by the attribution of self-interest. In contrast, advertising effectiveness for higher-NFC consumers was predictable only by the valence of their cognitive responses to the product. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of comparing in financial markets with hidden information

This paper studies how comparing can be used to provide information in financial markets in the presence of a hidden characteristics problem.Although an investor cannot precisely estimate the future returns of an entrepreneur's projects, the investor can mitigate the asymmetric information problem by ranking different entrepreneurs and financing only the very best ones.Information asymmetry can be eliminated with certainty if the number of compared projects is sufficiently large.Because comparing favours centralised information gathering, it creates a novel rationale for the establishment of a financial intermediary.Key words: asymmetric information, banking, corporate finance, financial intermediation, ranking, venture capital JEL classification numbers: G21, G24