Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stepping Off The Conveyor Belt: Gap Year Effects on the First Year College Experience

Taking a gap year between high school and college has become more common in the United States in recent years, yet little research attempts to describe or analyze the experience of the students who arrive on college campuses after such a year out. This qualitative study followed 12 first-year students attending highly-selective private institutions in the northeastern U.S. as they experienced the transitions from high school to gap year to college. With varying levels of family support and high levels of personal motivation, the students participated in a wide range of gap-year endeavors. The findings indicate that students were heavily influenced by their encounters during the gap year, leading to strong evidence of self-authorship among the participants, which in turn shaped the way students pursued their goals when they arrived at college. Particularly influential were encounters that involved independent problem-solving, participating in multigenerational relationships, and immersion in new cultural settings. The students’ transitions to college during the first year were marked by patterns of Sovereign Engagement with regard to learning, relationships, and decision-making. Commonly marked by internalized goals, authenticity in relationships, and greater individual agency, “Sovereign Engagement” captures the self-authored perspective that these students brought to their college experience. Contrary to suggestions in the popular media, not all gap-year students found the transition to be seamless; nor were they uniformly motivated to earn good grades. As a summary of the findings, the Gap Year Impact Model provides an important frame of reference for understanding the experiences, needs, and sovereign decision-making patterns of gap-year students. The results offer students, parents, colleges and universities an introduction to the lived experiences of gap-year students, who are arriving on campus in increasing numbers each year.
Robot recommender system using affection-based episode ontology for personalization

This paper proposes a robot recommender system, which uses a hybrid filtering method based on n-gram affective event model. Nowadays there are strong tendency to utilize a robot for educational services, which can provide educational contents to enhances individual student's motivation. However, the current service robots can be more holistic systems to offer personalized robotic services to satisfy every individuals by reflecting their preferences. Here, robotic service can be another field to meet personal need. Hybrid approaches of personalization technology that combine collaborative filtering approaches and content-based approaches are proposed over the last decade. Especially, n-gram based approaches are proposed to utilize sequential information from very large data sets. This paper suggests an extends affective event model and its n-gram model combining fact semantic knowledge, event episodic knowledge and emotion. To show the validity of the proposed approach, we applied the scenario of English learning. The experiment results shows that an educational service robot recommend two students as different content types, even though they miss same question.
Comparison of the dynamics of neural interactions between current-based and conductance-based integrate-and-fire recurrent networks

Models of networks of Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons are a widely used tool for theoretical investigations of brain function. These models have been used both with current- and conductance-based synapses. However, the differences in the dynamics expressed by these two approaches have been so far mainly studied at the single neuron level. To investigate how these synaptic models affect network activity, we compared the single neuron and neural population dynamics of conductance-based networks (COBNs) and current-based networks (CUBNs) of LIF neurons. These networks were endowed with sparse excitatory and inhibitory recurrent connections, and were tested in conditions including both low- and high-conductance states. We developed a novel procedure to obtain comparable networks by properly tuning the synaptic parameters not shared by the models. The so defined comparable networks displayed an excellent and robust match of first order statistics (average single neuron firing rates and average frequency spectrum of network activity). However, these comparable networks showed profound differences in the second order statistics of neural population interactions and in the modulation of these properties by external inputs. The correlation between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic currents and the cross-neuron correlation between synaptic inputs, membrane potentials and spike trains were stronger and more stimulus-modulated in the COBN. Because of these properties, the spike train correlation carried more information about the strength of the input in the COBN, although the firing rates were equally informative in both network models. Moreover, the network activity of COBN showed stronger synchronization in the gamma band, and spectral information about the input higher and spread over a broader range of frequencies. These results suggest that the second order statistics of network dynamics depend strongly on the choice of synaptic model.
Role of fibrinogen a and y chain sites in platelet aggregation

Fibrinogen (Fbg) mediates platelet aggregtion by its interaction with the platelet glycoprotein ilb-Mia (integrin as 3). Peptides containing the amino acid sequence RGD derived from the a chain (residues a95-97 and residues aS72-574) and the sequence HILGGAKQAGDV derived from the carboxyl terminus of the y chain of Fbg (residues vy400-411) inhibit these interactions. To determine the role of these sequences in intact Fbg, recombinant human Fbg (rFbg), mutant rFbgs with an RGD -o RGE substitution at either position a97 or a574, and a rFbg y'-conta variant that has a carboxyl-terminal interruption In the HHLGGAKQAGDV sequence have been expressed in Ira e BHK cells. Puried rFbg and the two RGE mutant Fbgs wevere similar to plasma Fbg in platelet aggregtion ays. In contrast, the v' variant Fbg was markedly defective in platelet aggregation. These data support the proposals that the car-boxyl-terminal region of the y chain of Fbg Is essential for optimal platelet aggregation and that the a-chain RGD sequences are neither necessary nor sufficient for platelet aggregation.
Nosocomial Outbreak of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in South Africa: A Case-Control Study

Objective New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Gram-negative bacteria have spread globally and pose a significant public health threat. There is a need to better define risk factors and outcomes of NDM-1 clinical infection. We assessed risk factors for nosocomial infection with NDM-1-producers and associated in-hospital mortality. Methods A matched case-control study was conducted during a nosocomial outbreak of NDM-1-producers in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) in South Africa. All patients from whom NDM-1-producers were identified were considered (n=105). Cases included patients admitted during the study period in whom NDM-1 producing Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from clinical specimens collected ≥48 hours after admission, and where surveillance definitions for healthcare-associated infections were met. Controls were matched for age, sex, date of hospital admission and intensive-care admission. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for NDM-1 clinical infection and associated in-hospital mortality. Findings 38 cases and 68 controls were included. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common NDM-1-producer (28/38, 74%). Cases had longer mean hospital stays (44.0 vs. 13.3 days; P < 0.001) and ICU stays (32.5 vs. 8.3 days; P < 0.001). Adjusting for co-morbid disease, the in-hospital mortality of cases was significantly higher than controls (55.3% vs. 14.7%; AOR, 11.29; P < 0.001). Higher Charlson co-morbidity index score (5.2 vs. 4.1; AOR, 1.59; P = 0.005), mechanical ventilation days (7.47 vs. 0.94 days; AOR, 1.32; P = 0.003) and piperacillin/tazobactam exposure (11.03 vs. 1.05 doses; AOR, 1.08; P = 0.013) were identified as risk factors on multivariate analysis. Cases had a significantly higher likelihood of in-hospital mortality when the NDM-1-producer was Klebsiella pneumoniae (AOR, 16.57; P = 0.007), or when they had a bloodstream infection (AOR, 8.84; P = 0.041). Conclusion NDM-1 infection is associated with significant in-hospital mortality. Risk factors for hospital-associated infection include the presence of co-morbid disease, mechanical ventilation and piperacillin/tazobactam exposure.
FLAG: Fast Linearly-Coupled Adaptive Gradient Method

The celebrated Nesterov's accelerated gradient method offers great speed-ups compared to the classical gradient descend method as it attains the optimal first-order oracle complexity for smooth convex optimization. On the other hand, the popular AdaGrad algorithm competes with mirror descent under the best regularizer by adaptively scaling the gradient. Recently, it has been shown that the accelerated gradient descent can be viewed as a linear combination of gradient descent and mirror descent steps. Here, we draw upon these ideas and present a fast linearly-coupled adaptive gradient method (FLAG) as an accelerated version of AdaGrad, and show that our algorithm can indeed offer the best of both worlds. Like Nesterov's accelerated algorithm and its proximal variant, FISTA, our method has a convergence rate of $1/T^2$ after $T$ iterations. Like AdaGrad our method adaptively chooses a regularizer, in a way that performs almost as well as the best choice of regularizer in hindsight.
EFFECT OF SHORT LATERALIZED SIGNALS ON AROUSAL VERSUS ACTIVATION ON TASKS REQUIRING VISUOSPATIAL OR ELEMENTARY SEMANTIC STIMULUS PROCESSING

The results of the experiment offer indirect evidence for the basic hypothesis that the brain self-regulates its own arousal and activation as a function of the intensity and type of ongoing cortical activity. When subjects perform a task which can be assumed to be primarily attended to by the right hemisphere, the result of a supplementary information-processing load seems to be increased arousal. On a task primarily attended to by the left hemisphere, the consequence is increased activation. The evidence is indirect because no measurements have been made of the neurological events and processes which are assumed to intervene in this self-regulation process. Although indirect, the evidence may help to formulate more precise psychological hypotheses about the factors controlling the putative effort system which, according to Pribram and McGuinness in 1975, coordinates the arousal and activation of cerebral processes.
Knowledge of lung cancer symptoms and risk factors in the UK: development of a measure and results from a population-based survey

Objectives To develop and validate a Lung Cancer Awareness Measure (Lung CAM) and explore the demographical and social predictors of lung cancer awareness in the general population. Methods study 1 Symptoms and risk factors for lung cancer were identified from the medical literature and health professional expertise in an iterative process. Test–retest reliability, internal reliability, item analyses, construct validity and sensitivity to changes in awareness of the Lung CAM were assessed in three samples (total N=191). Results study 1 The Lung CAM demonstrated good internal (Cronbach's α=0.88) and test–retest reliability (r=0.81, p<0.001). Validity was supported by lung cancer experts scoring higher than equally educated controls (t(106)=8.7, p<0.001), and volunteers randomised to read lung cancer information scoring higher than those reading a control leaflet (t(81)=3.66, p<0.001). Methods study 2 A population-based sample of 1484 adults completed the Lung CAM in a face-to-face, computer-assisted interview. Results study 2 Symptom awareness was low (average recall of one symptom) and there was little awareness of risk factors other than smoking. Familiarity with cancer, and being from a higher socioeconomic group, were associated with greater awareness. Conclusions Using a valid and reliable tool for assessing awareness showed the UK population to have low awareness of lung cancer symptoms and risk factors. Interventions to increase lung cancer awareness are needed to improve early detection behaviour.
HPV prevalence among healthy Italian male sexual partners of women with cervical HPV infection

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer and is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Only limited and controversial data are available regarding HPV transmission in male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the genotype distribution of HPV in penile scrapings of a series of Italian men, who had no visible penile lesions and were partners of women who were affected, or had been affected previously by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or who were infected with HPV. The concordance of the viral group in the infected partners was determined. A total of 77 penile scrapings were screened for HPV infection by the polymerase chain reaction, while 59 cervicovaginal brushings of their female partners were tested. 35% of evaluable male samples and 64% of female sexual partners were found to be HPV positive. In the 55 simultaneously evaluable couples, a concordance of 45% was found, 11 couples (20%) with both partners being HPV negative and 14 couples (25%) with both partners HPV positive (P = 0.001). Six out of the 14 couples (43%), where both partners were HPV positive, harbored the same HPV genotype group. These data, although preliminary, could support further the hypothesis that male HPV infection is more frequent in sexual partners of HPV positive or women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia indicating that men could represent an important source of HPV transmission between sex partners. J. Med. Virol. 80: 1275–1281, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self-control and social control in childhood misconduct and aggression: The role of family structure, hyperactivity, and hostile parenting

Debates about the causes of childhood misconduct have juxtaposed the utility of self-control models which stress persistent traits of impulsiveness versus social control models which stress the benefits of social capital arising from attachments to family and community over the life cycle. To test the value of these approaches with population data, we examined models of misconduct and aggression in children aged 4 to 11 using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 13,067). We establish that structural, individual, and process variables contribute individually and significantly to both aggression and misconduct. Childhood hyperactivity and hostile parenting each appear to elevate significantly the risks of youthful aggression and misconduct. The proposition that self-control versus social control perspectives are mutually exclusive is rejected. Aversive parenting practices as well as individual traits contribute to child behavior problems in every age cohort tested. Such aversive traits in parents and their children appear to coincide. Further work is needed to determine the direction of effect.
KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI BERDASARKAN INDEX OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED PADA USIA REMAJA 15 – 17 TAHUN

Abstract : Dental and oral health is an important factor that must be maintained. Things that affect dental health problems and oral one of them is malocclusion. The application needs orthodontic treatment is aimed at correcting malocclusions that can affect the health of the teeth and oral cavity as well as the appearance of a person's face. Research conducted a descriptive study. The purpose of this study to determine the needs of orthodontic treatment based Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which consists of two components, namely the Aesthetic Component (AC) and the Dental Health Component (DHC). The study was conducted in high school 3 Tondano country with the number of students 390 people. Data collection was performed by inspection and measurement using the AC and DHC. The results showed that 85.94% based on the air-conditioning was not / little need of treatment, 9.37% needed treatment and of 4.69% borderline desperate need of care, while 51.56% based DHC no / little need of treatment, 35.94% need treatment of borderline and 12.5% in dire need of treatment. Keywords : malocclusion, Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, Aesthetic Component, Dental Health Component. Abstrak : Kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut merupakan faktor penting yang harus dijaga. Hal yang mempengaruhi masalah kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut salah satunya ialah maloklusi.Penerapan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti ditujukan untuk memperbaiki maloklusi yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut serta penampilan wajah seseorang.Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan suatu penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), yang terdiri dari dua komponen yaitu Aesthetic Component (AC) dan Dental Health Component (DHC). Penelitian dilakukan di SMA negeri 3 Tondano dengan jumlah siswa 390 orang.Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan dan pengukuran menggunakan AC dan DHC. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan AC 85,94% tidak/sedikit membutuhkan perawatan, 9,37% membutuhkan perawatan borderline dan 4,69% sangat membutuhkan perawatan, sedangkan berdasarkan DHC 51,56% tidak/sedikit membutuhkan perawatan, 35,94% membutuhkan perawatan borderline dan 12,5% sangat membutuhkan perawatan. Kata kunci : Maloklusi, Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need, Aesthetic component, Dental Health Component.
The Evolution and Decay of Statically Detected Source Code Vulnerabilities

The presence of vulnerable statements in the source code is a crucial problem for maintainers: properly monitoring and, if necessary, removing them is highly desirable to ensure high security and reliability. To this aim, a number of static analysis tools have been developed to detect the presence of instructions that can be subject to vulnerability attacks, ranging from buffer overflow exploitations to command injection and cross-site scripting.Based on the availability of existing tools and of data extracted from software repositories, this paper reports an empirical study on the evolution of vulnerable statements detected in three software systems with different static analysis tools. Specifically, the study investigates on vulnerability evolution trends and on the decay time exhibited by different kinds of vulnerabilities.
Predictors of Inpatient Treatment Completion among Females with Opioid Use Disorder: Findings from a Tertiary Care Drug Dependence Treatment Centre of India

Introduction: Studies have reported that females who drop out prematurely from inpatient treatment have poor treatment outcome. However, literature from India is limited in this regard. Methods: We reviewed case records of female patients admitted with opioid use disorder at NDDTC, Ghaziabad between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012 to study the predictors of inpatient treatment completion among female patients with opioid use disorder in relation to their sociodemographic and clinical profile. Results: Over the 5 years, 72 female patients were admitted with opioid dependence. During the study period, out of 72 patients, 44 (61.1%) were inpatient treatment completers and 28 (38.9%) were noncompleters. Mean length of ward stay was 5.1 ± 3.8 days and 16.2 ± 11.8 days for inpatient treatment noncompleters and completers, respectively, the difference being statistically significant (t = 4.845, P < 0.001). The multivariable analysis (adjusted for selected demographic characteristics as marital status, education, and employment) revealed that most women taking drug for relief from pain, having medical morbidity, and onset of opioids at age 25 years or more had a significantly greater likelihood for being treatment completers. Conclusion: Certain factors can help in identification of women opioid users who are at risk of leaving the treatment.
Heroines of gendercide: The religious sensemaking of rape and abduction in Aramean, Assyrian and Chaldean migrant communities

This study seeks to understand a diaspora community narrative of rape and abduction suffered during the genocidal massacre of 1915 in the Ottoman Empire and its aftermath. Based on interviews with 50 Aramean, Assyrian and Chaldean migrants in Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, whose families are from the village of Bote, known as one of the ‘killing fields’ in southeast Turkey, the article explores the ways in which descendants remember the ‘forgotten genocide’ of Aramean, Assyrian and Chaldean communities in 1915. The research reveals that the descendants of survivors make sense of the sexual violence experienced in Bote mainly through a religious narrative and that, for them, the genocide is, in spite of all the sufferings the males had to go through, a feminized event. In their gendercide narrative, the abducted and raped women are identified as the ‘heroines’ of the genocide.
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Running on Rice Bran Oil / Diesel Fuel Blend

Triglycerides and their derivatives are considered as viable alternatives for diesel fuels. Rice bran oil is used as diesel fuel. Highly viscous rice bran oil can be reduced by blending it with diesel fuel. The present research is aimed to investigate experimentally the performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine, typically used in agricultural sector, over the entire load range when fuelled with rice bran oil and diesel fuel blends, RB10 (10% rice bran oil + 90% diesel fuel) to RB50. The performance, emission and combustion parameters of RB20 were found to be very close to neat diesel fuel (ND). The injector opening pressure (IOP) undoubtedly is of prime importance in diesel engine operation. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics with RB30 at enhanced IOPs are better than ND. Improved premixed heat release rate were noticed with RB30 when the IOP is enhanced. Keywords—Rice bran oil, injector opening pressure, performance, emissions.
Clashes of Common Sense: On the Previous Child Care Experience of Teenage Mothers-To-Be

Out-of-wedlock teenage childbearing is thought to be a destructive behavior that threatens children's wellbeing. Common sense beliefs about teenagers' inexperience with children, and the unremitting responsibilities they will hold for the care of their own, help to encourage this view. Little empirical evidence addresses these questions, although some ethnographic evidence challenges this view. Here, 21 southern rural and northeastern metropolitan teenage mothers were intensively interviewed. In both locations, most interviewees reported extensive previous child care experience. Most anticipated active participation from family members in caring for their children. Those who were raised in extended families, and who planned to remain in such families (rather than marry, for example), reported the most extensive previous child care experience. The interviewees who comprised this group were from the poorest communities, based on socioeconomic characteristics of their original residential zip code areas. The.