Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New antiepileptic drugs in practice – how do they perform in the real world?

Most large‐scale clinical trials of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are undertaken for regulatory purposes and generate basic data supporting the efficacy and safety of a new treatment. They do not, however, provide all the information required for physicians to know how well the drug will work in clinical practice. One valuable approach to generating more clinically meaningful information is to assess AED treatment retention rates, which reflect the combination of efficacy and tolerability in the real world, and have historically been low. Long‐term retention rate data are available for levetiracetam (LEV), topiramate, gabapentin, and lamotrigine, and these data suggest that LEV is more likely to retain patients than other new AEDs. In a recent tertiary care study involving mainly refractory patients, 11% of participants became seizure‐free on LEV and nearly two‐thirds were retained on long‐term treatment. High seizure freedom rates and good tolerability reported with LEV in clinical trials thus appear to translate into improved treatment retention rates in clinical practice.
The Impact of Work/Family Demand On Work-Family Conflict

Purpose – The current study seeks to argue that the constructs of work demand and family demand have been neglected in the work‐family conflict (WFC) literature. The authors aim to help clarify the definition and utilize direct measures of perceived work and family demand to test main effect, mediated, and interactive hypotheses.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 698 university employees participated in a comprehensive computer survey that considered various manifest indicators and multiple scales across work and family domains. Moderator hierarchical regression and LISREL 8.0 were used in analyzing the data.Findings – The results indicate that both forms of demand have significant direct effects on work interfering with family (WIF) and family interfering with work (FIW). Both demand constructs partially mediate the effects of three categories of domain variables on the two forms of conflict. Finally, the work demand‐WIF relationship is found to be stronger for those with relatively high family ce.
Context effects of TV programme-induced interactivity and telepresence on advertising responses

This study investigates the context effects of TV programme embedded interactivity on the attitude toward an advertisement placed within the interactive programme. In the 2 (two way communication) × 3 (user control) experimental study, 246 respondents participated. The results show that the impact of actual interactivity on attitude toward the advertisement is mediated by perceived interactivity. Subsequently, telepresence (the feeling of being present in the mediated environment) has a crucial mediating role to explain the context effect of perceived interactivity on attitude toward the advertisement. With regard to the underlying mechanism, the results show that telepresence is positively correlated with the amount of positive programme thoughts. In addition, the positive programme thoughts have a positive effect on the attitude toward the ad, above and beyond the effect of positive thoughts about the advertisement.
Ride Through of Wind Turbines With Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under Symmetrical Voltage Dips

This paper deals with the grid fault ride-through capability of doubly fed induction generators. These machines are very sensitive to grid disturbances. To prevent the damages that voltage dips can cause on the converter, most machines are equipped nowadays with a crowbar that short circuits the rotor. However, during the crowbar activation, the rotor converter must be disconnected, hence the power generated with the turbine is no longer controlled. In doing so, the crowbar impedes the wind turbine from carrying out the voltage stabilization required by most new grid codes. This paper proposes a novel control strategy that notably reduces the crowbar activation time. As a result, the control of the turbine might shortly be resumed and the turbine can furthermore supply a reactive power fulfilling the newest grid regulations. Experimental results of a complete system are included, demonstrating the viability of the proposed control.
What makes Special Education Special? Evaluating Inclusion Programs with the Pass Variables

Zigmond and Baker's analysis of case studies of inclusion of students with learning disabilities in elementary classrooms reveals that little “special” education was being provided to those students. But what makes special education special? We have evaluated these case study reports with a set of variables that are essential for success in special education settings—the PASS variables: Prioritized objectives; Adapted methods, materials, and environments; SCREAM (an acronym for effective teacher presentation variables); and Systematic monitoring of progress. The cases described by Zigmond and Baker reveal substantial shortcomings in each of these variables. Further, these shortcomings do not appear to be the result of insincere teachers or ineffective teaching abilities, but rather appear to be an unavoidable consequence of the inclusion programs themselves. Perhaps many of the teachers involved in these settings reported that they were successful because they lacked the type of information that might have provided a more realistic, and perhaps less optimistic, evaluation of the effectiveness of the inclusion settings. Important learning objectives for students with learning disabilities should not be sacrificed in the attempt to accommodate all learners in the same setting.
Sensitivity-Based Pole and Input-Output Errors of Linear Filters as Indicators of the Implementation Deterioration in Fixed-Point Context

Input-output or poles sensitivity is widely used to evaluate the resilience of a filter realization to coefficients quantization in an FWL implementation process. However, these measures do not exactly consider the various implementation schemes and are not accurate in general case. This paper generalizes the classical transfer function sensitivity and pole sensitivity measure, by taking into consideration the exact fixed-point representation of the coefficients. Working in the general framework of the specialized implicit descriptor representation, it shows how a statistical quantization error model may be used in order to define stochastic sensitivity measures that are definitely pertinent and normalized. The general framework of MIMO filters and controllers is considered. All the results are illustrated through an example.
Coaching Sprinting: Expert Coaches' Perception of Race Phases and Technical Constructs

The general aim of this study was explore expert coaches' technical knowledge of sprint running. The first of two principal objectives related to discovering whether expert coaches divided a sprint race into distinct phases and, if so, which and how many phases. The second objective was to examine the good technique characteristics associated with each phase. Participants for the study comprised seven expert track and field sprint coaches. Findings indicated that the respondents broke sprinting down into three technical phases, the start, the pick-up/drive and the maintenance phase. Important constructs were associated with each phase, which both supported and conflicted with the limited literature available. The principal finding of this study, however, relates to the current dearth of knowledge about good sprint-running technique, an area which requires considerable further investigation before definitive lines of good practice can be confidently applied.
Cuscuton Cosmology: Dark Energy meets Modified Gravity

In a companion paper, we have introduced a model of scalar field dark energy, Cuscuton, which can be realized as the incompressible (or infinite speed of sound) limit of a $k$-essence fluid. In this paper, we study how Cuscuton modifies the constraint sector of Einstein gravity. In particular, we study Cuscuton cosmology and show that even though Cuscuton can have an arbitrary equation of state, or time dependence, and is thus inhomogeneous, its perturbations do not introduce any additional dynamical degree of freedom and only satisfy a constraint equation, amounting to an effective modification of gravity on large scales. Therefore, Cuscuton can be considered to be a minimal theory of evolving dark energy, or a minimal modification of a cosmological constant, as it has no internal dynamics. Moreover, this is the only modification of Einstein gravity to our knowledge, that does not introduce any additional degrees of freedom (and is not conformally equivalent to the Einstein gravity). We then study two simple Cuscuton models, with quadratic and exponential potentials. The quadratic model has the exact same expansion history as $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{CDM}$, and yet contains an early dark energy component with constant energy fraction, which is constrained to ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{Q}\ensuremath{\lesssim}2%$, mainly from WMAP Cosmic Microwave Background and Sloan Digital Sky Survey Lyman-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ forest observations. The exponential model has the same expansion history as the Dvali-Gabadadze-Poratti self-accelerating brane-world model, but generates a much smaller Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, and is thus consistent with the Cosmic Microwave Background observations. Finally, we show that the evolution is local on superhorizon scales, implying that there is no gross violation of causality, despite Cuscuton's infinite speed of sound.
Trends in incidence of oesophageal and stomach cancer subtypes in Europe

Objective Time trend studies in the USA have shown that the incidences of adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and gastric cardia have risen strongly since the 1970s, whereas the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus has declined. Earlier, we found that the incidence of these adenocarcinomas also rose in some European countries until the early 1990s. The main goal of this study was to investigate more recent trends in the incidence of oesophageal and stomach cancer subtypes in the European countries. Methods Eurocim cancer incidence data of 23 cancer registries from 13 European countries were used to investigate the incidence trends in oesophageal and stomach cancer subtypes during the 1983–1997 period. We calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in European age-standardized incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals. Results The incidence of adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and gastric cardia rose in most, but not all, registration areas (EAPCs were usually 1–7%), the strongest in the UK and Ireland. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence rose mostly in Northern European and Slovakian men (EAPCs: 1–5%) and in women from all regions (EAPCs: 1–8%), but declined mostly in Southern and Western European men (EAPCs: −1 to −5%). Conclusion Our results are partly in line with earlier findings on adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and gastric cardia. There was, however, substantial heterogeneity in trends of subtypes of these cancers within Europe. There may be different risk factors for these cancers, and the prevalence of these risk factors may differ among countries.
The Homology Kernel: A Biologically Motivated Sequence Embedding into Euclidean Space

Part of the challenge of modeling protein sequences is their discrete nature. Many of the most powerful statistical and learning techniques are applicable to points in a Euclidean space but not directly applicable to discrete sequences. One way to apply these techniques to protein sequences is to embed the sequences into a Euclidean space and then apply these techniques to the embedded points. In this paper, we introduce a biologically motivated sequence embedding, the homology kernel, which takes into account intuitions from local alignment, sequence homology, and predicted secondary structure. We apply the homology kernel in several ways. We demonstrate how the homology kernel can be used for protein family classification and outperforms state-of-the-art methods for remote homology detection. We show that the homology kernel can be used for secondary structure prediction and is competitive with popular secondary structure prediction methods. Finally, we show how the homology kernel can be used to incorporate information from homologous sequences in local sequence alignment.
The Initial Assignment Effect

One of the great paradoxes of inequality in organizations is that even when organizations introduce new programs designed to help employees in traditionally disadvantaged groups succeed, employees who use these programs often suffer negative career consequences. This study helps to fill a significant gap in the literature by investigating how local employer practices can enable employees to successfully use the programs designed to benefit them. Using a research approach that controls for regulatory environment and program design, we analyze unique longitudinal personnel data from a large law firm to demonstrate that assignment to powerful supervisors upon organization entry improves career outcomes for individuals who later use a reduced-hours program. Additionally, we find that initial assignment to powerful supervisors is more important to positive career outcomes—that is, employee retention and performance-based pay—than are factors such as supervisor assignment at the time of program use. Initial assignment affects career outcomes for later program users through the mechanism of improved access to reputation-building work opportunities. These findings have implications for research on work-family programs and other employee-rights programs and for the role of social capital in careers.
PERIPHERAL SKIN TEMPERATURE AND VASOMOTOR RESPONSES DURING HYPNOTIC INDUCTION

Abstract The present study is a further investigation of the hypothesis proposed by Reid and Curtsinger (1968) that hypnosis involves changes in peripheral vasomotor responses and skin temperature. 20 male Ss, screened for hypnotic susceptibility, participated in 2 experimental sessions. Each S was hypnotized in 1 session and simply given instructions to relax in the other session. Peripheral skin temperature and pulse volume were continuously monitored through-out each session. The resulting data were analyzed to determine the effects of hypnosis on these physiological measures. Under both conditions, a tendency for increased skin temperature and increased vasodilation was found. It was concluded that neutral hypnosis does not involve changes in these measures which are appreciably different from the changes associated with relaxation.
National contexts influencing principals' time use and allocation: economic development, societal culture, and educational system

This study examines the impact of macro-context factors on the behavior of school principals. More specifically, the article illuminates how a nation's level of economic development, societal culture, and educational system influence the amount of time principals devote to their job role and shape their allocation of time to instructional leadership, administration, and management of relationships with parents and community. The study employed a 2-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) to analyze data on 5,927 principals in 34 societies drawn from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006. The results support the proposition that principal time use and allocation varies substantially across societies and that these patterns of behavior are influenced by economic, sociocultural and institutional features of their societies. The study contributes to a growing body of research that seeks to understand how the practice of school leadership is shaped by the organizational and cultural context.
Alcohol as drug of choice; Is drug-assisted rape a misnomer?

Abstract Building on previous research which identified alcohol as the drug of choice for facilitating sexual assaults, this paper analysed 93 rape cases reported to the police in which the victim was under the influence of drugs/alcohol when the assault occurred. The aim was to explore what substances victims consumed to become incapacitated and who induced the state of incapacity. The degree of pre-planning suggests that the offender could be described as opportunistic or predatory. Findings demonstrated that the majority of rapes (coming to police notice) in which alcohol or drugs are implicated, are circumstances where the victim has self-intoxicated through alcohol consumption. There were relatively few cases in which drugs had been administered surreptitiously. The analyses successfully identified differences between rapes that occur when the victim is intoxicated or drugged according to how she consumed that alcohol/drug and what kind of alcohol/drugs she had consumed. The concept of negotiative space is offered as a potential theoretical explanation. The findings are discussed in the light of this and recommendations for crime prevention are made.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for the pseudometallophyte Commelina communis (Commelinaceae)

Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the pseudometallophyte Commelina communis (Commelinaceae), an important pioneer plant for phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soil. Two wild populations collected from metalliferous and nonmetalliferous sites were used to assess the polymorphism at each locus. Methods and Results: Based on the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) method, a total of 34 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were designed. When 40 specimens from two populations were screened, 12 microsatellite loci were found to be highly polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 11 and the observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.195 to 0.941, respectively. Conclusions: These markers will be useful for examining genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow in populations of C. communis under different edaphic conditions and guiding sustainable management plans for phytoremediation.
Maintaining Masculinity: Men who do ‘Women's Work’

This paper examines the ways in which men manage their gender identity on entry into occupations traditionally undertaken by women. Drawing on in-depth interviews with men in non-traditional occupations the paper demonstrates how men who enter “female” occupations face a range of challenges to their sense of ‘masculinity’. It is argued that gender identity and occupational identity become misaligned during this transition. The paper shows how men attempt to realign these two identities, either by a reconstruction or rationalization of the nature of their occupations, or by renegotiation of their own conception of what it means to be a man. The article concludes that the first of these approaches has important implications for the nature of occupations and the way in which work is carried out, while the second may be one of the key processes at work in the desegregation of the labour market.
Siting and sizing of stationary SuperCapacitors in a Metro Network

The design of an Energy Storage System (ESS) based on SuperCapacitors (SCs) for Metro Network (MN) regenerative braking energy recovery system is investigated. A simulation tool is implemented in order to estimate the power flow among the metro vehicles and the ESSs through the MN. Several simulations are performed in order to design the number, the position along the track and the required capacity of the SCs. The energy delivered from the electric substations and the energy saved using a particular ESS configuration computed by joint sizing and siting approach are estimated to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Transverse Carpal Ligament and Forearm Fascia Release for the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Change the Entrance Angle of Flexor Tendons to the A1 Pulley: The Relationship between Carpal Tunnel Surgery and Trigger Finger Occurence

Purpose. The appearance of trigger finger after decompression of the carpal tunnel without a preexisting symptom has been reported in a few articles. Although, the cause is not clear yet, the loss of pulley action of the transverse carpal ligament has been accused mostly. In this study, we planned a biomechanical approach to fresh cadavers. Methods. The study was performed on 10 fresh amputees of the arm. The angles were measured with (1) the transverse carpal ligament and the distal forearm fascia intact, (2) only the transverse carpal ligament incised, (3) the distal forearm fascia incised to the point 3 cm proximal from the most proximal part of the transverse carpal ligament in addition to the transverse carpal ligament. The changes between the angles produced at all three conditions were compared to each other. Results. We saw that the entrance angle increased in all of five fingers in an increasing manner from procedure 1 to 3, and it was seen that the maximal increase is detected in the middle finger from procedure 1 to procedure 2 and the minimal increase is detected in little finger. Discussion. Our results support that transverse carpal ligament and forearm fascia release may be a predisposing factor for the development of trigger finger by the effect of changing the enterance angle to the A1 pulley and consequently increase the friction in this anatomic area. Clinical Relevance. This study is a cadaveric study which is directly investigating the effect of a transverse carpal ligament release on the enterance angle of flexor tendons to A1 pulleys in the hand.
Antioxidant-Prooxidant Properties of a New Organoselenium Compound Library

The present study describes the biological evaluation of a library of 59 organo-selenium compounds as superoxide (O2─) generators and cytotoxic agents in human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and in breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). In order to corroborate that the biological activity for selenium compounds depends on the chemical form, a broad structural variety is presented. These structures include selenocyanates, diselenides, selenoalkyl functional moieties and eight newly synthesized symmetrically substituted dithioselenites and selenylureas. Eleven of the derivatives tested showed high levels of superoxide generation in vitro via oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and nine of them were more catalytic than the reference compound, diselenodipropionic acid. Eighteen of the library compounds inhibited cell growth more than or similar to reference chemotherapeutic drugs in PC-3 and eleven were more potent cytotoxic agents than etoposide in the MCF-7 cell line. Considering both parameters (superoxide generation and cell cytotoxicity) compounds B1, C6 and C9 displayed the best therapeutic profiles. Considering that many diselenide compounds can generate superoxide (O2─) in vitro via oxidation of GSH and other thiols, the analogue B1, that contains a diselenide moiety, was selected for a preliminary mechanistic investigation, which . revealed that B1 has apoptogenic effects similar to camptothecin mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lymphocytic leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) and affected the MCF-7 cell-cycle in G2/M and S-phases.