Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Housing for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care: A Review of the Literature and Program Typology

Most young people in the United States are experiencing an increasingly prolonged transition to adulthood. It is no longer assumed that they will automatically become self-sufficient adults on their 18th or even 21st birthdays (Arnett 2000; Wight, Xhau, Aratani, Schwarz, and Thampi 2010; Setterstein and Ray 2010). Rather, young people are gradually taking on the roles and responsibilities traditionally associated with adulthood while they acquire the education and work experience needed to become economically independent (Berlin, Furstenberg, and Waters 2010). In this document, we summarize what is known about the housing needs and outcomes common to young people who age out of foster care. We explore the current landscape of programs and resources available to assist such young adults with housing. In the first section, we review the literature on the characteristics of the young people, their risk of homelessness, and the barriers they face in securing stable housing, along with relevant federal and, to a lesser extent, state policies. In the second section, we describe a wide range of housing programs for young people aging out of foster care, present a program typology, and conclude with the identification of a small group of innovative housing programs that may warrant closer exploration.
MUTE-AES: A multiprocessor architecture to prevent power analysis based side channel attack of the AES algorithm

Side channel attack based upon the analysis of power traces is an effective way of obtaining the encryption key from secure processors. Power traces can be used to detect bitflips which betray the secure key. Balancing the bitflips with opposite bitflips have been proposed, by the use of opposite logic. This is an expensive solution, where the balancing processor continues to balance even when encryption is not carried out in the processor.
Does packet replication along multipath really help?

For reliability of communication and simplicity, often times packet are replicated along predetermined routes to the destination. Alternatively, for traffic load balancing, data traffic is distributed along disjoint or meshed multiple routes to the destination - called selective forwarding. In this paper, we study and quantify the resource usage in these schemes, namely, packet replication and selective forwarding approaches. Our evaluation shows that for successfully routing a message using forward error correction coding technique, packet replication wastes much higher network resource, such as channel bandwidth and battery power.
Polyclonal emergence and importation of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains harbouring Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes in Belgium.

OBJECTIVES Worldwide spread of a limited number of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) -producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones has been reported in various communities. The objective of this study was to describe the molecular characteristics of the first PVL-positive MRSA strains isolated in Belgium. METHODS Clinical MRSA isolates (n = 41) collected from 2002 to 2004 from Belgian patients were investigated for the PVL gene by PCR. PVL-positive isolates were genotyped by PFGE, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, spa sequence typing, accessory gene regulator (agr) polymorphism and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials was determined by the disc diffusion method. Genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin were determined by PCR. RESULTS Sixteen isolates carried lukS-lukF genes that encode the PVL toxin. All but one isolate were community-acquired. Three patients reported recent travel to North Africa and South America. They were associated with skin or soft tissue infections, bacteraemia and peritonitis. By molecular typing, they belonged to five genotypes: ST80-SCCmec IV, ST8-SCCmec IV, ST30-SCCmec IV, ST153-SCCmec IV and ST88-SCCmec IV. They belonged to the agr type 3 except for ST8 strains, which showed agr type 1. All isolates were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Approximately, half of them were resistant to tetracycline, fusidic acid and kanamycin. Tetracycline-resistant strains harboured the tet(K) gene and resistance to kanamycin was associated with the aph3'-IIIa gene. The single erythromycin-resistant isolate harboured msr(A/B) genes conferring the M resistance phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the recent emergence and sporadic importation into Belgium of PVL-positive community-associated MRSA strains belonging to five distinct clones.
The effect of photodynamic therapy on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans attached to surface-modified titanium

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using erythrosine and a green light emitting diode (LED) light source on biofilms of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans attached to resorbable blasted media (RBM) and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces in vitro. Methods RBM and SLA disks were subdivided into four groups, including one control group and three test groups (referred to as E0, E30, E60), in order to evaluate the effect of PDT on each surface. The E0 group was put into 500 µL of 20 µM erythrosine for 60 seconds without irradiation, the E30 group was put into erythrosine for 60 seconds and was then irradiated with a LED for 30 seconds, and the E60 group was put into erythrosine for 60 seconds and then irradiated with a LED for 60 seconds. After PDT, sonication was performed in order to detach the bacteria, the plates were incubated under anaerobic conditions on brucella blood agar plates for 72 hours at 37℃, and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was determined. Results Significant differences were found between the control group and the E30 and E60 groups (P<0.05). A significantly lower quantity of CFU/mL was found in the E30 and E60 groups on both titanium disk surfaces. In confocal scanning laser microscopy images, increased bacterial death was observed when disks were irradiated for a longer period of time. Conclusions These findings suggest that PDT using erythrosine and a green LED is effective in reducing the viability of A. actinomycetemcomitans attached to surface-modified titanium in vitro. Graphical Abstract
Do Centrally Administered Neuropeptides Access Cognate Receptors?: An Analysis in the Central Corticotropin-Releasing Factor System

To determine the extent to which centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activates neurons that express CRF receptors (CRF-Rs), we followed the kinetics and distribution (relative to those of CRF-Rs) of Fos induction seen in response to intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of the peptide (1–10 μg). CRF provoked widespread Fos expression: its strength was dose-related, it peaked at 2 hr after injection, and it was antagonized in a dose-dependent manner by coinjection of CRF-R antagonists. The activation pattern closely mimicked the distribution of CRF-R1 mRNA, in including widespread Fos induction throughout the cortical mantle, in cell groups involved in sensory information processing, and in the cerebellum and several of its major afferents and targets. Dual labeling revealed extensive correspondence of CRF-stimulated Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) and CRF-R1 mRNA at these and other loci. Unique sites of CRF-R2 expression were relatively unresponsive to CRF but were more so after icv administration of urocortin (UCN), a new mammalian CRF-related peptide. Both CRF and UCN elicited activational responses in cell groups that are involved in central autonomic control but that express neither CRF-R, including the central amygdaloid and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and brainstem catecholaminergic cell groups. The results support an ability of CRF-related peptides in the ventricular system to access receptor-expressing cells directly but leave open questions as to the basis for the recruitment of central autonomic structures, many of which have been identified as stress-related sites of CRF action.
The infrared properties of the new outburst star IRAS 05436-0007 in quiescent phase

We compiled and investigated the infrared/sub-mm/mm SED of the new outburst star IRAS 05436−0007 in quiescent phase. The star is a flat-spectrum source, with an estimated total luminosity of Lbol ≈ 5.6 L� , typical of low-mass T Tauri stars. The derived circumstellar mass of 0.5 Mis rather high among low-mass YSOs. The observed SED differs from the SEDs of typical T Tauri stars and of 4 well-known EXors, and resembles more the SEDs of FU Orionis objects indicating the presence of a circumstellar envelope. IRAS 05436−0007 seems to be a class II source with an age of approximately 4 × 10 5 yr. In this evolutionary stage an accretion disk is already fully developed, though a circumstellar envelope may also be present. Observations of the present outburst will provide additional knowledge on the source.
Information Technology Career Decision Making: Validating Models of Self-Authorship in Middle and High School Students Enrolled in Upward Bound and Talent Search Programs in Rural Appalachia

Information Technology (IT) jobs are in demand in the United States and rural Appalachian communities are attracting IT businesses. The need to fill IT jobs creates a workforce opportunity for these communities where students have limited access to academic and career resources. The Upward Bound and Talent Search programs respond to the academic and career needs of disadvantaged students and aim to educate students about high skills jobs but little is known about interest in IT careers among middle and high school students in rural Appalachia. This study validates models of IT career interest and parental support of IT careers in girls and boys enrolled in Upward Bound or Talent Search in rural communities in Virginia using the theoretical framework of self-authorship. The theory of self-authorship explores the development of meaning-making in individuals and offers a context-specific way to study interest in IT careers. Results indicate interest in IT careers but the path to IT career interest is different among girls and boys. Girls are relying on others for career advice more often than boys and there is direct association between the information sources and interest in IT careers. Parental support is important in IT career interest for both girls and boys. Other important variables indicating an interest in IT careers are computer use and positive attitudes toward IT workers. Receiving information from sources such as parents, teachers, counselors, and friends is especially important to girls. Findings from this study can be used to inform practices and policies for Upward Bound and Talent Search.
STRUCTURAL MODEL OF COUNSELING COMPETENCE

Counseling competence is a set of essential abilities which is prominent to be employed in conducting counseling. This counseling competence research took students of counseling as a counselor candidate. This study aims to analyze the correlation between basic knowledge, basic communication skill, and cultural skill to the counseling competence. This work used Ex Post Facto Causal Relationship Explanatory research design. The research subjects were 120 students of Department of Guidance and Counseling from three State Universities in Java Island. Samples were taken by using cluster random sampling technique. The data analysis was conducted through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The research results show that there is a significant relationship between knowledge, basic attitude, basic communication skill and cultural skill to the counseling competence. The implication of this research finding to the education of the Department of Guidance and Counseling is the significance of considering the factors forming the academic counseling competence to produce the professional counselor candidate.
DARK MATTER DENSITIES DURING THE FORMATION OF THE FIRST STARS AND IN DARK STARS

The first stars in the universe form inside ∼106 M☉ dark matter (DM) halos whose initial density profiles are laid down by gravitational collapse in hierarchical structure-formation scenarios. During the formation of the first stars in the universe, the baryonic infall compresses the DM further. The resultant DM density is presented here, using an algorithm originally developed by Young to calculate changes to the profile as a result of adiabatic infall in a spherical halo model; the Young prescription takes into account the noncircular motions of halo particles. The density profiles obtained in this way are found to be within a factor of 2 of those obtained using the simple adiabatic contraction prescription of Blumenthal and colleagues. Our results hold regardless of the nature of the DM or its interactions and rely merely on gravity. If the DM consists of weakly interacting massive particles, which are their own antiparticles, their densities are high enough that their annihilation in the first protostars can indeed provide an important heat source and prevent the collapse all the way to fusion. In short, a “Dark Star” phase of stellar evolution, powered by DM annihilation, may indeed describe the first stars in the universe.
Efficient algorithms for discrepancy minimization in convex sets

A result of Spencer states that every collection of n sets over a universe of size n has a coloring of the ground set with {−1,+1} of discrepancy O(n) . A geometric generalization of this result was given by Gluskin (see also Giannopoulos) who showed that every symmetric convex body K⊆Rn with Gaussian measure at least e−ϵn , for a small ϵ>0 , contains a point y∈K where a constant fraction of coordinates of y are in {−1,1} . This is often called a partial coloring result. While the proofs of both these results were inherently non‐algorithmic, recently Bansal (see also Lovett‐Meka) gave a polynomial time algorithm for Spencer's setting and Rothvoß gave a randomized polynomial time algorithm obtaining the same guarantee as the result of Gluskin and Giannopoulos. This paper contains several related results which combine techniques from convex geometry to analyze simple and efficient algorithms for discrepancy minimization. First, we prove another constructive version of the result of Gluskin and Giannopoulos, in which the coloring is attained via the optimization of a linear function. This implies a linear programming based algorithm for combinatorial discrepancy obtaining the same result as Spencer. Our second result suggests a new approach to obtain partial colorings, which is also valid for the non‐symmetric case. It shows that every (possibly non‐symmetric) convex body K⊆Rn , with Gaussian measure at least e−ϵn , for a small ϵ>0 , contains a point y∈K where a constant fraction of coordinates of y are in {−1,1} . Finally, we give a simple proof that shows that for any δ>0 there exists a constant c > 0 such that given a body K with γn(K)≥δ , a uniformly random x from {−1,1}n is in cK with constant probability. This gives an algorithmic version of a special case of the result of Banaszczyk.
Population Dynamics of Centipede Game using an Energy Based Evolutionary Algorithm

In the context of Evolutionary Game Theory, we have developed an evolutionary algorithm without an explicit fitness function or selection function. Instead players obtain energy by playing games. Clonal reproduction subject to mutation occurs when a player’s energy exceeds some threshold. To avoid exponential growth of the population there is a death event that depends on population size. By tweaking with the relation between payoff and energy and with death event, we create another dilemma that a population must overcome: extinction. We demonstrate this phenomena in the Centipede game. Simulations show that if players can only play one of the two positions of this asymmetric game extinctions are common. If players are versatile and can play both positions there are no extinctions.
Chapter 2 -crossmodal Divided Attention: Endogenous Comparison between Single and Double Cue Presentation........... 38 Chapter 4 -spatial Attention Triggered by Unimodal, Crossmodal and Bimodal Exogenous Cues: a Comparison on Reflexive Orienting Mechanisms...........................................

Introduction The primary objective of this work is to provide an extensive investigation on multimodal mechanisms of attention. Several aspects of this crucial domain will be deeply analyzed by means of behavioural and electrophysiological approaches. Relevant issues in this investigation will be involved with reflexive (exogenous) orienting of attention in case of multimodal or unimodal objects (e.g., are functioning modalities of spatial attention differently triggered by multimodal events or by unimodal events? Which are the neural basis of attentional orienting toward unimodal vs. multimodal events? ); selective spatial attention in case of exogenous and endogenous stimuli (e.g., does it exist a difference between reflexive and voluntary orienting toward multimodal events? ); crossmodal divided attention (e.g., how does attention manage to allocate resources on spatial information incoming from different sensorial modalities? ); influence of multimodal integration on orienting mechanisms (e.g., does audiovisual integration affect the magnitude of cuing effect? ); temporal intercourse of audiovisual integration (e.g., does it exists a temporal window in which audiovisual information can be integrated together? ); architectural description of attention (e.g., can attention be depicted as: a supramodal system, modality-specific systems, separated-but-linked systems, or what else? ). Collected data will be bound together in order to provide a common theoretical framework as a departure point for further research. This work is organized into six chapters. In Chapter 1 a review of existing models of crossmodal attention is accomplished, from which it clearly emerges that an exhaustive architectural model of multimodal attention mechanisms is still laking. The unimodal approach to the study of attention will be deeply illustrated, reviewing crucial studies concerning auditory attention and visual attention processes. Then on the basis of recent findings in crossmodal research providing evidence in favour of a multimodal-toward-unimodal elaboration of complex information (McDonald et al. Vroomen & de Gelder, 2000; Macaluso et al., 2000), a theoretical bridge between unimodal and multimodal research is launched. The aim of this chapter is to trace the state of the art of multimodal attention research in order to provide a basic framework for the empirical investigations reported in the following chapters, and the model of " Shared Attention Resources " (ShAR) proposed in Chapter 6. In order to contribute to the debate concerning the supramodal versus modality-specific nature of attention, Chapter 2 is based on a crossmodal divided attention task described to asses the real independence of the visual and the auditory attentional systems. Participants Introduction-5 were required to make …
Predicting aberrant CpG island methylation

Epigenetic silencing associated with aberrant methylation of promoter region CpG islands is one mechanism leading to loss of tumor suppressor function in human cancer. Profiling of CpG island methylation indicates that some genes are more frequently methylated than others, and that each tumor type is associated with a unique set of methylated genes. However, little is known about why certain genes succumb to this aberrant event. To address this question, we used Restriction Landmark Genome Scanning to analyze the susceptibility of 1,749 unselected CpG islands to de novo methylation driven by overexpression of DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). We found that although the overall incidence of CpG island methylation was increased in cells overexpressing DNMT1, not all loci were equally affected. The majority of CpG islands (69.9%) were resistant to de novo methylation, regardless of DNMT1 overexpression. In contrast, we identified a subset of methylation-prone CpG islands (3.8%) that were consistently hypermethylated in multiple DNMT1 overexpressing clones. Methylation-prone and methylation-resistant CpG islands were not significantly different with respect to size, C+G content, CpG frequency, chromosomal location, or promoter association. We used DNA pattern recognition and supervised learning techniques to derive a classification function based on the frequency of seven novel sequence patterns that was capable of discriminating methylation-prone from methylation-resistant CpG islands with 82% accuracy. The data indicate that CpG islands differ in their intrinsic susceptibility to de novo methylation, and suggest that the propensity for a CpG island to become aberrantly methylated can be predicted based on its sequence context.
Reaching for Excellence: An Effective Schools Sourcebook.

This sourcebook synthesizes findings from studies on school improvement programs. The prefatory overview emphasizes key themes and issues addressed in the seven papers that comprise the body of the document, discusses the role of staff development, and examines the process of translating research into policy. The papers summarize the findings of research according to different perspectives: (1) effective classroom practices in elementary schools; (2) effective classroom practices in secondary schools; (3) effective schgol practices at each level; (4) district and state-level practices which support effective school management and instruction; and (5) criteria and methods fOr measuring ffectiveness. The second section presents a directory of Successful effective schools programs currently implemented across the nation. It describes 39 programs, of which 13 were developed by local school districts, 9 by state departments of education, and 17 bl other organizations, including regional laboratories, universities, and research institutions. A program directory index and a bibliography are included. (JD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********************************i************************************
Bringing Extreme Programming to the Classroom

In this paper we discuss several features of XP we have used in developing curricula and courses at Duke University and the University of Northern Iowa. We also discuss those practices of XP that we teach as part of the design and implementation process we want students to practice as they develop programming expertise and experience. In theory the academic study of programming and software development should be able to embrace all of XP. In practice, however, we find the demands of students and professors to be different from professional and industrial software developers so that while we embrace the philosophy and change of XP we have not (yet) adopted its principles completely.
Intermittent Measurement in Robotic Localization and Mapping with FIM Statistical Bounds

The focus of study is to review the FIM statistical behavior in each EKF update and determine its potential in providing sufficient information about Robotic Localization and Mapping problem with intermittent measurements. We provide theoretical analysis and prove that the FIM can successfully describe both upper and lower bounds for the state covariance matrix whenever measurement data is not arrived during robot observations. This approach can give a better picture on how information are processed in EKF when measurement data is partially unavailable. Some simulation evaluations are also included to verify our results and consistently demonstrate the expected outcome.