Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of coronary heart disease death in men with low total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Russian Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Follow-up Study.

BACKGROUND A continuously increasing risk of coronary heart disease with increasing levels of cholesterol has been reported by many observational and experimental studies. However, this type of association has not been observed in studies in the Russian Lipid Research Clinics. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve-year coronary heart disease mortality among 40- to 59-year-old men was analyzed in the Moscow and St Petersburg examines in the Russian Lipid Research Clinics Program. The baseline survey examined 6431 men fasting and free of prevalent coronary heart disease. Lipids and lipoproteins, blood pressure, body mass, education level, alcohol intake, and smoking history were obtained. Mortality follow-up was based on contacts with participants or their relatives or neighbors. Coronary heart disease mortality was analyzed based on risk factor levels and was further divided into rapid and nonrapid deaths. A J-shaped cholesterol-coronary heart disease risk function was present for both total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Further examination showed hypocholesterolemic men to have lower low-density and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher alcohol consumption, leaner body mass, and less education than men with normal or high cholesterol levels. When education level was considered, the J-shaped risk function was present only among men with less than a high school education. When deaths were classified into rapid (less than 24 hours after onset of symptoms) and nonrapid, the J-shaped risk function was restricted to rapid deaths. CONCLUSIONS The results of disclose a sizeable subset of hypocholesterolemics in this population at increased risk of cardiac death associated with lifestyle characteristics.
The cytotoxicity of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice nonstructural proteins in FR3T3 rat cells depends on oncogene expression

The nonstructural (NS) proteins of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice are involved in viral DNA replication and in the regulation of homologous and heterologous promoters. Moreover, NS products have proved to be cytotoxic, especially for transformed cells. We show here that intracellular accumulation of NS products is not sufficient to kill rat fibroblasts from the established cell line FR3T3, which is phenotypically normal in several respects. FRNS cell lines were obtained by stable transfection of FR3T3 cells by a vector carrying the NS genes under the control of the hormone-inducible long terminal repeat promoter of the mouse mammary tumor virus. In the presence of dexamethasone, the NS proteins were synthesized without associated cell death. Transformation of FRNS cells with the c-Ha-ras oncogene or polyomavirus oncogenes had little effect on their capacity for NS induction, as measured at both concentration and transactivating activity levels, yet the transformants were now dying within a few days in the presence of the inducer. The same results were obtained with cells stably transfected by a vector expressing the NS1 product alone, suggesting that in this system there is no cooperation between NS1 and NS2 for maximal cytopathic effect. Cell mortality after NS protein induction was quantitatively related to the yield of oncogene expression, while NS-1 was not limiting in this respect. Our results show that the NS1 protein is not lethal unless cellular factors that may depend on oncogene expression trigger its cytotoxicity.
An international perspective of early number sense: Identifying components predictive of difficulties in early mathematics achievement

Abstract From preschool to high school, number sense is included as an important outcome in mathematics syllabi. It is a term associated with the development of concepts and skills in mathematics and as such appears frequently in the teaching literature. However number sense is a term yet to be operationally defined. The present study used a modified Delphi procedure to determine the level of agreement amongst six early mathematics experts from Britain, Europe and the United States, with respect to a variety of components of early number sense. The results of this study are discussed in relation to a similar Australasian study and the emerging literature on early number sense assessment. This study revealed some components of number sense worthy of further investigation in relation to early mathematical achievement but also confirmed a lack of consensus on what exactly constitutes early number sense.
Pediatric bronchiectasis: No longer an orphan disease

Bronchiectasis is described classically as a chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by a persistent productive cough and irreversible dilatation of one or more bronchi. However, in children unable to expectorate, cough may instead be wet and intermittent and bronchial dilatation reversible in the early stages. Although still considered an orphan disease, it is being recognized increasingly as causing significant morbidity and mortality in children and adults in both affluent and developing countries. While bronchiectasis has multiple etiologies, the final common pathway involves a complex interplay between the host, respiratory pathogens and environmental factors. These interactions lead to a vicious cycle of repeated infections, airway inflammation and tissue remodelling resulting in impaired airway clearance, destruction of structural elements within the bronchial wall causing them to become dilated and small airway obstruction. In this review, the current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical features, and management of bronchiectasis in children are summarized. Recent evidence has emerged to improve our understanding of this heterogeneous disease including the role of viruses, and how antibiotics, novel drugs, antiviral agents, and vaccines might be used. Importantly, the management is no longer dependent upon extrapolating from the cystic fibrosis experience. Nevertheless, substantial information gaps remain in determining the underlying disease mechanisms that initiate and sustain the pathophysiological pathways leading to bronchiectasis. National and international collaborations, standardizing definitions of clinical and research end points, and exploring novel primary prevention strategies are needed if further progress is to be made in understanding, treating and even preventing this often life‐limiting disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:450–469. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Which Chinese men who have sex with men miss out on HIV testing?

Objectives To describe socio-demographic, behavioural and other characteristics associated with HIV testing behaviour among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jinan, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among MSM (N=500) in Jinan in 2008 using respondent-driven sampling—a method used worldwide to reach hidden high-risk populations. Bivariate and multivariate analyses, adjusted for the sampling method, were conducted to identify correlates of not having an HIV test. Results Overall, 80.7% (95% CI 75.0% to 85.0%) of MSM in Jinan have not had an HIV test in the past 12 months. In the multivariate analyses, having not visited the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's website (AOR 5.59, 95% CI 2.62 to 11.95), being over the age of 35 years (AOR 3.77, 95% CI 1.19 to 11.93) and self-identified as bisexual or unsure (AOR 3.85, 95% CI 2.16 to 6.85) are significantly associated with having not had an HIV test. In addition, married men are slightly less likely to have not been tested compared to single men (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.85). Those who report meeting their sex partners at high-risk venues are two times more likely to have not had an HIV test (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 0.97 to 4.21). Conclusions Targeted, culturally appropriate and innovative interventions to increase HIV testing uptake should be a top priority for HIV prevention among MSM in China.
Parametric localization of distributed sources

Most array processing algorithms are based on the assumption that the signals are generated by point sources. This is a mathematical constraint that is not satisfied in many applications. In this paper, we consider situations where the sources are distributed in space with a parametric angular cross-correlation kernel. We propose an algorithm that estimates the parameters of this model using a generalization of the MUSIC algorithm. The method involves maximizing a cost function that depends on a matrix array manifold and the noise eigenvectors. We study two particular cases: coherent and incoherent spatial source distributions. The spatial correlation function for a uniformly distributed signal is derived. From this, we find the array gain and show that (in contrast to point sources) it does not increase linearly with the number of sources. We compare our method to the conventional (point source) MUSIC algorithm. The simulation studies show that the new method outperforms the MUSIC algorithm by reducing the estimation bias and the standard deviation for scenarios with distributed sources. It is also shown that the threshold signal-to-noise ratio required for resolving two closely spaced distributed sources is considerably smaller for the new method. >
STUDENTS' REACTIONS TO ATTRIBUTIONS OF ABILITY AND EFFORT

Summary. One hundred and forty-four 5th grade, 10th grade and college students were presented with a questionnaire consisting of three parts. In Part I, the students received a description of eight different hypothetical stories about classmates. In each story, the classmate's ability (high or low), exerted effort (high or low) and outcome (success or failure) were varied. Following each story the students were asked to rate the predicted grade given by a teacher, teacher's appreciation, own appreciation, projected classmate's satisfaction, and own willingness to resemble the classmate. In Parts II and III, the students were asked whether they would like to be perceived as having ability or as exerting effort. The results showed that while students believe that teachers and they themselves show more appreciation of effort exertion than ability, they project feelings of satisfaction and would like to be perceived more as having ability than exerting effort. Also, 5th grade students on all the questions reacted more favourably to effort exertion than 10th grade and college students.
Organizational Structures and Job Rewards in Sweden

In this article, we examine how the organizational structure affects workers' job autonomy and earnings in Sweden. The analysis is based on survey data from a probability sample of Swedish employees and their work organizations. Four aspects of the organizational structure are studied: establishment size, hierarchical structure, firm internal labour market arrangements, and formalization of work routines. Our results indicate that the structural features of the organization have a considerable impact on job autonomy and earnings. Some of the findings are in line with conventional hypotheses Other results, however, are not as might be expected from the mainstream theoretical literature For example, one central result is that tall and lean hierarchies seem to enhance, rather than restrict, job autonomy Another finding is that while structural features of the organization seem to affect job autonomy in the same way for both men and women, the organizational structure has an impact on male, but not female, earnings
Products of Modal Logics, Part 1

The paper studies many-dimensional modal logics corresponding to products of Kripke frames. It proves results on axiomatisability, the finite model property and decidability for product logics, by applying a rather elaborated modal logic technique: p-morphisms, the finite depth method, normal forms, filtrations. Applications to first order predicate logics are considered too. The introduction and the conclusion contain a discussion of many related results and open problems in the area.
Supplemental Information Wnt-Dependent Epithelial Transitions Drive Pharyngeal Pouch Formation

INVENTORY OF SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURES Figure S1, related to Figure 3. Wnt signaling in pouch, CB cartilage, and neural crest development Figure S2, related to Figure 3. Specificity of nkx2.3:Gal4VP16 and GFP-Dvl localization in pouches Figure S3, related to Figure 4. Alcama localization in Rac-inhibited embryos and quantification of cell shape Figure S4, related to Figure 5. Requirement of Alcama in endoderm and its role in α-catenin localization
Audiological Correlates of Speech Understanding Deficits in Elderly Listeners with Mild‐to‐Moderate Hearing Loss. I. Age and Lateral Asymmetry Effects

Objective: The study was conducted to answer two questions: 1) Which auditory measures detect impairments attributable to age rather than hearing loss? 2) Among the elderly, is there a lateral asymmetry of performance? Design: Audiological status and auditory performance of a group of elderly (60 to 81 yr old) and normal‐hearing young (18 to 30 yr old) individuals were determined through a test battery. When present, the hearing loss of elderly subjects was symmetrical in the two ears and, at most, moderate. The battery included tests of speech intelligibility on the word and sentence levels, with and without the presence of interfering speech. In addition to pure‐tone and speech reception thresholds, perception of spectrally or temporally distorted speech and auditory resolution of frequency, time, and space were tested. Two tests received special consideration: the Speech Perception In Noise Test and the Modified Rhyme Reverberation Test. Results: Results indicated that 1) hearing loss was a major factor differentiating auditory performance of elderly and young individuals, and 2) genuine age‐related deficits were found in measures assessing auditory resolution and the ability to utilize spatial, temporal, and/or linguistic context information to perceptually separate a speech target from surrounding speech noise. Furthermore, the elderly group exhibited a right‐ear advantage, caused by left‐ear deficits, in tests measuring central auditory processing and a slight left‐ear advantage in tests measuring peripheral auditory resolution. Conclusions: The findings suggest that, after controlling for the effect of hearing loss, there are a number of test measures in which performance of elderly and young listeners differs. Regarding lateral asymmetry, a disproportionate decline in auditory processing in the left ear of elderly individuals has been demonstrated. The major clinical conclusion is that, when testing an elderly group's performance regarding any given auditory function, the influence of pure‐tone threshold elevations, no matter how mild, cannot be disregarded.
Learning and Transfer of Modulated Locomotor Controllers

We study a novel architecture and training procedure for locomotion tasks. A high-frequency, low-level "spinal" network with access to proprioceptive sensors learns sensorimotor primitives by training on simple tasks. This pre-trained module is fixed and connected to a low-frequency, high-level "cortical" network, with access to all sensors, which drives behavior by modulating the inputs to the spinal network. Where a monolithic end-to-end architecture fails completely, learning with a pre-trained spinal module succeeds at multiple high-level tasks, and enables the effective exploration required to learn from sparse rewards. We test our proposed architecture on three simulated bodies: a 16-dimensional swimming snake, a 20-dimensional quadruped, and a 54-dimensional humanoid. Our results are illustrated in the accompanying video at this https URL
The China Shock Impact on Brazil ’ s Manufacturing Labor Market

The vigorous growth of the Chinese economy together with its successful increasing role in international trade has raised fears of deindustrialization among developing countries. This study exploits the large increase in the international trade exposure of the Brazilian economy during 2000–2012 to assess the impacts of trade on its manufacturing sector. In this period, import penetration increased by 25%, and at the same time, the Chinese share of the import penetration increased from 3% to 20%. Using household survey data that encompass both formal and informal workers, this paper’s estimates indicate that a higher import penetration reduces the employment level and the informality share. The impacts of Chinese imports are found to be even stronger on those outcomes. The hourly wage appears to not be affected by any of the trade environment variables. The new macroeconomic policy implemented in 2008 magnified the negative effects of imports on the employment level. The results presented in this paper are found to be robust to endogeneity concerns, which are addressed using instrumental variable approach.
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with Transform Learning

Traditional NMF-based signal decomposition relies on the factorization of spectral data, which is typically computed by means of short-time frequency transform. In this paper we propose to relax the choice of a pre-fixed transform and learn a short-time orthogonal transform together with the factorization. To this end, we formulate a regularized optimization problem reminiscent of conventional NMF, yet with the transform as additional unknown parameters, and design a novel block-descent algorithm enabling to find stationary points of this objective function. The proposed joint transform learning and factorization approach is tested for two audio signal processing experiments' illustrating its conceptual and practical benefits.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftizoxime Against Glucose-Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Rods

Ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin, was active against Pseudomonas cepacia, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and was more potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida than was carbenicillin.
Buscando para nuestra latinidad: Utilizing La Llorona for Cultural Critique

Abstract This essay analyzes the contemporary constructions of Latina/o identity, Latina/o gender and Latina/o nationality as evidenced in the self-proclaimed “first major studio comedy to reflect the Hispanic cultural experience in America,” Chasing Papi. The contradictions between the film's progressive mission and the film's representations are teased out by a cross-reading of the film's usage of the popular Chicana/o mythic figure, La Llorona. Invoking La Lorona as muse and means, we find that the Latin Lover stereotype succeeds in its anti-assimilationist task while concurrently furthering confusion on who and what is a U.S. Latina/o. However, the authors also demonstrate how cultural cross-readings can provide hope out of delimiting discursive constructions.
No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945–1991. By Jeff Goodwin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 428p. $60.00 cloth, $23.00 paper.

“Do we need yet another comparative study of revolutions? ” (p. 5; emphasis in original), Jeff Goodwin asks in this eagerly (and long) anticipated and important new book, which is destined to influence scholars in several disciplines and fields. The answer, as this volume makes abundantly clear, is “yes,” and few will be disappointed with this well-written, accessible, and compelling volume, the most nuanced and sophisticated argument yet for the state-centered (but, pace Goodwin, not structuralist; see p. 53) approach, and worthy heir to Theda Skocpol's (1979) still paradigmatic States and Social Revolutions. But therein lies the rub: Rather than the first book of the (putative) emergent fourth generation of scholars of revolution(s), this is likely the last of the third generation. Goodwin concedes he has “largely moved beyond” (p. xvi) the perspective he articulates here, and he, along with John Foran, is one of the most likely suspects to produce the next paradigmatic statement on revolutions. This, then, would seem the third generation's crowning glory; given the long gestation period and the prolific Goodwin's many and impressive contributions to matters revolutionary, this is almost more a legend than a book.
Co-development as Transnational Governance: An Analysis of the Engagement of Local Authorities and Migrant Organisations in Madrid

This article provides an analysis of the co-development engagement of local authorities and migrant organisations from the city of Madrid. ‘Co-development’ has become a key notion that relates to the transnational involvement of migrants in development (cooperation). It is argued that co-development serves as transnational governance in which local authorities and migrant organisations collaborate and where links are established between integration, development and migration control and management. In order to analyse and understand these forms of engagement, the article combines an approach to the rescaling of governance with a transnational perspective on cities and migrants.
Prospects for Qualitative GIS at the Intersection of Youth Development and Participatory Urban Planning

In this paper I report on a participatory planning project undertaken in a community engaged in a ten-year revitalization effort. Working with several youth-serving organizations, a community planning project was conducted in which local youth collected qualitative data about their neighborhood through a variety of techniques (photography, drawings, narratives). The project took place against the backdrop of an emerging neighborhood indicators geographical information system (GIS) aimed at tracking the impact of the revitalization effort. Although techniques for collecting and using qualitative data have matured during several decades of use in the field of participatory planning and development, their effective incorporation into GIS remains elusive. Although few technical barriers remain, the absence of stakeholder participation and the lack of community capacity to implement a community-based GIS are important obstacles to a fully realized qualitative GIS. Drawing on the youth-development literature, I demonstrate in this case study the potential of qualitative GIS for engaging young people in participatory planning, while also highlighting the continuing challenge to its implementation.
DISCRIMINATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF PITCH DIRECTION BY YOUNG CHILDREN

Preschool children have shown limited understanding of the relational concept of pitch direction. It was theorized that this difficulty could be due to perceptual focus, or to methodological difficulties in measuring such a response. Children, aged 3.5 to 5, were tested on discrimination and categorization tasks using a 2 +1 oddity format with 3-note unidirectional pitch patterns that incorporated two absolute features: pitch set and first note. The aural stimuli were presented via an Apple computer with a touch screen which permitted a nonverbal response and the opportunity for reinspection of the exemplars. In the discrimination test, the younger children tended to focus on an absolute feature, but the 5year-olds showed a marked increase in ability to discriminate pitch direction. The categorization test proved to be much more difficult. Only 13 of the 69 children were able to categorize on a significantly consistent basis, and age was not a factor. In both tests, pitch set was the more prominent absolute feature. Although some children as young as 3.5 could discriminate and categorize aural exemplars on the basis of pitch direction, many attended to absolute stimulus features rather than to relational ones.