Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adherence to monthly online self-assessments for short-term monitoring: a 1-year study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients after start of disease modifying treatment

Background The participation of neurologists and patients in studies on the effectiveness and safety of newly authorized drugs in multiple sclerosis (MS) is insufficient. Monthly online self-assessments using patient-reported outcomes may help in short-term monitoring of neurological changes and side effects. Objective Investigate in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients the adherence to monthly online self-assessments after the start of disease modifying treatment. Methods Observational study in 39 neurological departments in The Netherlands. Patients starting glatiramer acetate treatment were instructed to complete online the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale 5-item version and the 8-item Leeds Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life scale every month during 1 year (T0 toT12). Results Sixty-three investigators included 163 analyzable patients. At T3, 148 (90.8%) patients had completed all questionnaires; at T6, 142 (87.1%); at T9, 133 (81.6%); and at T12, 123 (75.5%). Eight (4.9%) patients did not complete any questionnaire. Median values for inter-assessment intervals ranged from 32 to 34 days (first quartile [Q1] 30 days, third quartile [Q3] 41 days), and the final assessment was at 417 days (median: Q1 385 days, Q3 480 days). Forty-three (26.3%) patients completed the questionnaires at all time points (completion adherent) with their final assessment within 30 days after the scheduled T12 (interval adherent). Eighty (49.1%) patients were completion adherent, but not interval adherent. Forty (24.5%) patients were not completion adherent, as they discontinued assessments prematurely. Men were more interval adherent than women (47.5% vs 20.0%; P = 0.001). Conclusion The observation that three out of four (75.5%) RRMS patients completed two short questionnaires at all monthly time points during 1 year after the start of disease modifying treatment suggests that intensive online monitoring in this patient group is feasible. As only one in five (19.6%) patients adhered to the time intervals between self-assessments, measures are needed that improve the timely completion of questionnaires.
Effects of colestipol alone and in combination with simvastatin on apolipoprotein B metabolism.

The effects of colestipol therapy alone (20 g/d) or combined with simvastatin (20 mg/d) were examined in a group of eight male patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > or = 6.5 mmol/L [> or = 250 mg/dL]) who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting more than 3 months previously. Colestipol therapy decreased total cholesterol by 14% (P < .001) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) by 23% (P < .001), while dual therapy decreased total cholesterol by 38% and LDL-C by 52% (both P < .001 versus baseline). No significant changes were observed in plasma triglyceride, VLDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol levels. VLDL subfraction turnovers were conducted at baseline and again on each regimen. ApoB kinetic parameters derived from a multicompartmental model suggested that colestipol therapy resulted in an expansion of the total VLDL apoB pool (36%, P < .05) that was largely due to a fall in the clearance rate of VLDL1 apoB (49%), while the LDL apoB pool decreased 23% as a result of diminished direct LDL input. The model used also revealed that addition of simvastatin to the resin therapy caused increases in the fractional transfer rates of VLDL2 to IDL and IDL to LDL together with a 37% increment in the LDL apoB fractional catabolic rate. Compared with baseline, combined therapy generated falls in both IDL (35%, P = .01) and LDL (37%, P < .04) apoB pools due to enhanced clearance of IDL (214%, P < .03) and reduced total input of LDL (39%, P < .003).
Effect of non-cooperative nodes in mobile DTNs

When applying delay-tolerant networking concepts to communication in mobile ad-hoc networks formed between mobile users, a general assumption is that users are willing to share own resources to support communication between others. However, we cannot assume that all users are altruistic in their behavior; instead, we have to deal with users who only make a limited or no contribution to the mobile community. Nodes not participating in communication only reduce the effective node density, but do not consume resources. Others act as sources and sinks but perform only limited or no forwarding and thus may impact the overall network performance. When considering routing in mobile DTNs, such selfish nodes have to be considered. We introduce two types of selfish nodes and evaluate their impact on message delivery performance for different routing protocols by means of simulation in different synthetic mobility models and with real-world traces. We find that their impact can be surprisingly low in our scenarios, suggesting that DTN communication can be quite robust against selfishness and that controlled non-cooperative behavior may be a suitable way to overcome resource limitations, such as battery depletion.
On Clustering Binary Data

Clustering is the problem of identifying the distribution of patterns and intrinsic correlations in large data sets by partitioning the data points into similarity classes. This paper studies the problem of clustering binary data. This is the case for market basket datasets where the transactions contain items and for document datasets where the documents contain “bag of words”. The contribution of the paper is two-fold. First a new clustering model is presented. The model treats the data and features equally, based on their symmetric association relations, and explicitly describes the data assignments as well as feature assignments. An iterative alternating leastsquares procedure is used for optimization. Second, a unified view of binary data clustering is presented by examining the connections among various clustering criteria.
UNIVERSITY OF DORTMUND REIHE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH CENTER Design and Management of Complex Technical Processes and Systems by means of Computational Intelligence Methods Perhaps Not a Free Lunch But At Least a Free Appetizer

It is often claimed that Evolutionary Algorithms are superior to other opti mization techniques in particular in situations where not much is known about the objective function to be optimized In contrast to that Wolpert and Macready proved that all optimization techniques have the same behavior on aver age over all f X Y where X and Y are nite sets This result is called No Free Lunch Theorem Here di erent scenarios of optimization are presented It is argued why the scenario on which the No Free Lunch Theorem is based does not model real life optimization For more realistic scenarios it is argued why optimization techniques di er in their e ciency For a small example this claim is proved This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG as part of the Collaborative Research Center Computational Intelligence
Does Sample Size Matter When Interpreting the Fragility Index?

e1142 www.ccmjournal. org November 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 11 concept of the fragility index (FI), the minimum number of patients whose status would have to change from a nonevent to an event that is required to turn a statistically significant result to a nonsignificant result. Although the idea of reporting a fragility metric is not novel—Feinstein (2) proposed the “unit FI” in 1990—we have seen a renewed interest in this concept over the past few years (1, 3, 4). The stability of an observed statistically significant result can be difficult to quantify; a simplified and intuitive metric of a trial’s statistical fragility may enable a clearer interpretation of a trial’s results. However, the FI is an absolute measure of stability, irrespective of trial size, and we believe a relative measure referencing the FI to the trial sample size should be reported in tandem with the FI. A relative measure of fragility was actually incorporated into the original unit FI by Feinstein (2) and further explored by Walter (5). This approach requires, in addition to considering statistical significance and fragility, a subjective decision about the magnitude of effect to calculate the “quantitative significance. ” This computational complexity may explain the lack of routine adoption since its inception in 1990, compared to the most recent simplification of the FI in 2014 (2, 4). Still, this concept is important as the effect size is often unstable in small trials. In addition, loss of patients to follow-up can undermine confidence in the significance of any effect, especially so as the number lost approaches the FI number. Consequently, we propose a simplified “relative” measure of fragility, the “fragility quotient (FQ)”: the absolute FI number divided by the total sample size. How would this work in practice? Consider two trials with a FQ of 0.1. The first trial has a sample size of 20 with one of 10 in the treatment arm dying versus eight of 10 in the placebo arm; the FI is 2. The second trial has 300 patients with 13 of 150 in the treatment arm dying versus 60 of 150 in the placebo arm; the FI is 30. The statistical significance of the results in both trials depends on two versus 30 events respectively, but the proportion of deaths is the same with a FQ of 0.1 for each study. Reporting the absolute number of events needed (FI) and a relative measure of fragility (FQ) might afford a fuller understanding of the fragility of a trial in the context of the overall sample size. The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest. The opinions, results, and conclusions reported in this article are those of the authors and are independent of funding sources.
KinectFusion: Real-time dense surface mapping and tracking

We present a system for accurate real-time mapping of complex and arbitrary indoor scenes in variable lighting conditions, using only a moving low-cost depth camera and commodity graphics hardware. We fuse all of the depth data streamed from a Kinect sensor into a single global implicit surface model of the observed scene in real-time. The current sensor pose is simultaneously obtained by tracking the live depth frame relative to the global model using a coarse-to-fine iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, which uses all of the observed depth data available. We demonstrate the advantages of tracking against the growing full surface model compared with frame-to-frame tracking, obtaining tracking and mapping results in constant time within room sized scenes with limited drift and high accuracy. We also show both qualitative and quantitative results relating to various aspects of our tracking and mapping system. Modelling of natural scenes, in real-time with only commodity sensor and GPU hardware, promises an exciting step forward in augmented reality (AR), in particular, it allows dense surfaces to be reconstructed in real-time, with a level of detail and robustness beyond any solution yet presented using passive computer vision.
Evidence for a dynamic spatiotemporal fate map and early fate restrictions of premigratory avian neural crest

Colonization of trunk neural crest derivatives in avians follows a ventral to dorsal order beginning with sympathetic ganglia, Schwann cells, sensory ganglia and finally melanocytes. Continuous crest emigration underlies this process, which is accounted for by a progressive ventral to dorsal relocation of neural tube progenitors prior to departure. This causes a gradual narrowing of FoxD3, Sox9 and Snail2 expression domains in the dorsal tube that characterize the neural progenitors of the crest and these genes are no longer transcribed by the time melanoblasts begin emigrating. Consistently, the final localization of crest cells can be predicted from their relative ventrodorsal position within the premigratory domain or by their time of delamination. Thus, a dynamic spatiotemporal fate map of crest derivatives exists in the dorsal tube at flank levels of the axis with its midline region acting as a sink for the ordered ingression and departure of progenitors. Furthermore, discrete lineage analysis of the dorsal midline at progressive stages generated progeny in single rather than multiple derivatives, revealing early fate restrictions. Compatible with this notion, when early emigrating `neural' progenitors were diverted into the lateral `melanocytic' pathway, they still adopted neural traits, suggesting that initial fate acquisition is independent of the migratory environment and that the potential of crest cells prior to emigration is limited.
Intergroup bias.

This chapter reviews the extensive literature on bias in favor of in-groups at the expense of out-groups. We focus on five issues and identify areas for future research: (a) measurement and conceptual issues (especially in-group favoritism vs. out-group derogation, and explicit vs. implicit measures of bias); (b) modern theories of bias highlighting motivational explanations (social identity, optimal distinctiveness, uncertainty reduction, social dominance, terror management); (c) key moderators of bias, especially those that exacerbate bias (identification, group size, status and power, threat, positive-negative asymmetry, personality and individual differences); (d) reduction of bias (individual vs. intergroup approaches, especially models of social categorization); and (e) the link between intergroup bias and more corrosive forms of social hostility.
Kolloidal CdSe Kuantum Noktalarının Sentezi ve Optik Karakterizasyonu

Kolloidal CdSe kuantum noktalari, koordine olmayan oktadesen cozucu icerisinde sicak-enjeksiyon teknigi kullanilarak yaklasik 300oC’de 15 s cekirdeklestirildi ve 272oC’de 245 dakikaya kadar buyutuldu. CdSe kuantum noktalarinin sentezinde stearik asit bir kaplama ajani olarak kullanildi. Bu calismada kullanilan cekirdeklesme zamani literaturdekilere gore oldukca uzundu ve optik ozelliklere olan etkisi incelendi. Birinci eksiton sogurma ve karsilik gelen rekombinasyon tepeleri, sirasiyla, optik sogurma ve fotoluminesans spektrumlarinda gozlendi. Stokes kayma degeri 70 meV’ye kadar degisti. 20 dakika icin buyutulen numunenin optik sogurma ve fotoluminesans spektrumlarinda bir tepe ve omuz yapisi elde edildi. Yuksek sicaklik altinda yeterince uzun bir surede cekirdeklestirilen bu kuantum noktalarinin cift buyukluk dagilimina sahip olabilecegi gosterildi. CdSe kuantum noktalarinin goruntuleri gecirgenlik elektron mikroskopi vasitasiyla elde edildi. Resimleri, ImageJ goruntu isleme programi ile islendi. 12 dakika buyutulen CdSe kuantum noktalarinin ortalama buyuklugu 2.63 nm olarak bulundu. Buyukluk dagilimi tekil dagilimli kuantum noktalarinkine nazaran 4.6 kat artti. Cd ve Se elementlerine ait X-isinlari enerji gecis tepeleri enerji dagilimli X-isinlari spektrumlarinda gozlendi. Bu kuantum noktalarini saran stearik asit molekullerinin simetrik ve asimetrik tiresim modlari Fourier donusumlu kizil otesi spektroskopi kullanilarak, sirasiyla, 2848 cm-1 ve 2914 cm-1 civarinda belirlendi.
Uncertainty Quantification Based Receptivity Modelling of Crossflow Instabilities Induced by Distributed Surface Roughness in Swept Wing Boundary Layers

A high fidelity methodology based on the rapid solution of a linearised Navier-Stokes equation set is used to model the role of distributed surface roughness in generating stationary crossflow disturbances on swept wing flows. The technique is based on a stochastic description of surface roughness linked to high precision measurement data for both anodised aluminium and painted surfaces. A Monte Carlo analysis of laminar-turbulent transition is demonstrated for data from the AERAST wind tunnel test which was designed to show control of stationary cross-flow disturbances through the forced excitation of a sub-dominant disturbance mode generated by the artificial placement of periodically distributed roughness elements. The method provides both the roughness induced naturally occurring and forced control mode disturbance amplitudes for initialisation of a simulation based on solution of the non-linear parabolised stability equations. Monte-Carlo based uncertainty quantification analysis enables propagation of uncertainties from the roughness field through the receptivity phase, to ultimately providing bounds on the predicted transition location.
Towards a Surface Realization-Oriented Corpus Annotation

Until recently, deep stochastic surface realization has been hindered by the lack of semantically annotated corpora. This is about to change. Such corpora are increasingly available, e.g., in the context of CoNLL shared tasks. However, recent experiments with CoNLL 2009 corpora show that these popular resources, which serve well for other applications, may not do so for generation. The attempts to adapt them for generation resulted so far in a better performance of the realizers, but not yet in a genuinely semantic generation-oriented annotation schema. Our goal is to initiate a debate on how a generation suitable annotation schema should be defined. We define some general principles of a semantic generation-oriented annotation and propose an annotation schema that is based on these principles. Experiments shows that making the semantic corpora comply with the suggested principles does not need to have a negative impact on the quality of the stochastic generators trained on them.
Experiences of well-being among female doctoral students in Sweden

The aim of this study was to explore how female PhD students experience and perceive their well-being. Focus groups were conducted with female PhD students employed at a Swedish university. The study was performed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach based on the concept of the lifeworld, used as both a philosophical perspective and a methodology. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: being true to oneself, being in the sphere of influence, and performing a balancing act. By unfolding these themes, the study shows that perceptions and experiences of well-being in female PhD students are a multifaceted phenomenon and materialize through interaction of different aspects of “self” (agent) and “others” (structure). As well as illustrating these perceptions and experiences, the study also presents female PhD students’ conceptualization of their well-being, expressed in terms of a white-water rafting metaphor.
A Replication Study of GWAS-Derived Lipid Genes in Asian Indians: The Chromosomal Region 11q23.3 Harbors Loci Contributing to Triglycerides

Recent genome-wide association scans (GWAS) and meta-analysis studies on European populations have identified many genes previously implicated in lipid regulation. Validation of these loci on different global populations is important in determining their clinical relevance, particularly for development of novel drug targets for treating and preventing diabetic dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). In an attempt to replicate GWAS findings on a non-European sample, we examined the role of six of these loci (CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1 rs599839; CDKN2A-2B rs1333049; BUD13-ZNF259 rs964184; ZNF259 rs12286037; CETP rs3764261; APOE-C1-C4-C2 rs4420638) in our Asian Indian cohort from the Sikh Diabetes Study (SDS) comprising 3,781 individuals (2,902 from Punjab and 879 from the US). Two of the six SNPs examined showed convincing replication in these populations of Asian Indian origin. Our study confirmed a strong association of CETP rs3764261 with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 2.03×10−26). Our results also showed significant associations of two GWAS SNPs (rs964184 and rs12286037) from BUD13-ZNF259 near the APOA5-A4-C3-A1 genes with triglyceride (TG) levels in this Asian Indian cohort (rs964184: p = 1.74×10−17; rs12286037: p = 1.58×10−2). We further explored 45 SNPs in a ∼195 kb region within the chromosomal region 11q23.3 (encompassing the BUD13-ZNF259, APOA5-A4-C3-A1, and SIK3 genes) in 8,530 Asian Indians from the London Life Sciences Population (LOLIPOP) (UK) and SDS cohorts. Five more SNPs revealed significant associations with TG in both cohorts individually as well as in a joint meta-analysis. However, the strongest signal for TG remained with BUD13-ZNF259 (rs964184: p = 1.06×10−39). Future targeted deep sequencing and functional studies should enhance our understanding of the clinical relevance of these genes in dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and, consequently, diabetes and CAD.
Serum leptin responses after acute resistance exercise protocols.

This study examined the acute effects of maximum strength (MS), muscular hypertrophy (MH), and strength endurance (SE) resistance exercise protocols on serum leptin. Ten young lean men (age = 23 +/- 4 yr; body weight = 79.6 +/- 5.2 kg; body fat = 10.2 +/- 3.9%) participated in MS [4 sets x 5 repetitions (reps) at 88% of 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) with 3 min of rest between sets], MH (4 sets x 10 reps at 75% of 1 RM with 2 min of rest between sets), SE (4 sets x 15 reps at 60% of 1 RM with 1 min of rest between sets), and control (C) sessions. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise and after 30 min of recovery. Serum leptin at 30 min of recovery exhibited similar reductions from baseline after the MS (-20 +/- 5%), MH (-20 +/- 4%), and SE (-15 +/- 6%) protocols that were comparable to fasting-induced reduction in the C session (-12 +/- 3%) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, no differences were found in serum leptin among the MS, MH, SE, and C sessions immediately after exercise and at 30 min of recovery (P > 0.05). Cortisol was higher (P < 0.05) after the MH and SE protocols than after the MS and C sessions. Glucose and growth hormone were higher (P < 0.05) after exercise in the MS, MH, and SE protocols than after the C session. In conclusion, typical resistance exercise protocols designed for development of MS, MH, and SE did not result in serum leptin changes when sampled immediately or 30 min postexercise.
International Agency for Research on Cancer.

The IARC Monographs evaluation is based on the systematic assembly and review of all publicly available and pertinent studies, by independent experts, free from vested interests. It follows strict scientific criteria, and the classification system is recognized and used as a reference all around the world. This is because IARC evaluations are based on independent scientific review and rigorous criteria and procedures.
Weight Enumerator for Second-Order Reed-Muller Codes

In this paper, we establish the following result. Theorem: Ai, the number of codewords of weight i in the secondorder binary Reed-Muller code of length 2m, is given by Ai = 0 unless i = 2m-1 or 2m-1 f 2m+-i, for some j, 0 < j < [m/2], A0 = A2m =l,and Azmj(f+l) (2” 1>(2+l 1) 1*zsn-,-i = 2 1 4-l I ‘(2m-2 i 1)(2”-3 1) . 42 1 . 1 (2m-2i+2 _ 1)(2m-Zi+l _ 1) . 1 4’ 1 I , 1 I j I [M4 INTRODUCTION S SHOWN by Berlekamp ([l], sec. 15.3), the &h-order Reed-Muller (RM) code of length 2” contains 2k codewords, where lc = c:+ (1). If a codeword is written as e = [C,, C,, C,, C,, . , C,. b-,], Mansucript received October 6, 1969. The authors are with the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Murrav Hill, N. J. 07974. ” In the special case r = 2, a theorem of McEliece [5] guarantees that every weight is divisible by 21(m-1)‘21, thus, the only weights between 0 and 2d = 2”‘-l must be of the form 2”-l 2’, [(m 1)/2] 5 i < m 1. Since the code contains the all-one codeword of weight 2”, the only its coefficients may be evaluated by Ci = F(X,,i, -Li, e-e , .L.i), where F(., ., . . , .) is an m-variate binary polynomial, of degree at most T, and the binary elements X,, i, &,i, *’ , X,,i are obtained from the equation