Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional community structure of African monodominant Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest influenced by local environmental filtering

Abstract Monodominant patches of forest dominated by Gilbertiodendron dewevrei are commonly found in central African tropical forests, alongside forests with high species diversity. Although these forests are generally found sparsely distributed along rivers, their occurrence is not thought to be (clearly) driven by edaphic conditions but rather by trait combinations of G. dewevrei that aid in achieving monodominance. Functional community structure between these monodominant and mixed forests has, however, not yet been compared. Additionally, little is known about nondominant species in the monodominant forest community. These two topics are addressed in this study. We investigate the functional community structure of 10 one‐hectare plots of monodominant and mixed forests in a central region of the Congo basin, in DR Congo. Thirteen leaf and wood traits are measured, covering 95% (basal area weighted) of all species present in the plots, including leaf nutrient contents, leaf isotopic compositions, specific leaf area, wood density, and vessel anatomy. The trait‐based assessment of G. dewevrei shows an ensemble of traits related to water use and transport that could be favorable for its location near forest rivers. Moreover, indications have been found for N and P limitations in the monodominant forest, possibly related to ectomycorrhizal associations formed with G. dewevrei. Reduced leaf N and P contents are found at the community level for the monodominant forest and for different nondominant groups, as compared to those in the mixed forest. In summary, this work shows that environmental filtering does prevail in the monodominant G. dewevrei forest, leading to lower functional diversity in this forest type, with the dominant species showing beneficial traits related to its common riverine locations and with reduced soil N and P availability found in this environment, both coregulating the tree community assembly.
Bug Auctions: Vulnerability Markets Reconsidered

Measuring software security is dicult and inexact; as a result, the market for secure software has been compared to a ‘market of lemons. ’ Schechter has proposed a vulnerability market in which software producers oer a time-variable reward to free-market testers who identify vulnerabilities. This vulnerability market can be used to improve testing and to create a relative metric of product security. This paper argues that such a market can best be considered as an auction; auction theory is then used to tune the structure of this ‘bug auction’ for eciency and to better defend against attacks. The incentives for the software producer are also considered, and some fundamental problems with the concept are articulated.
Bare plurals, situations and discourse context

Edinburgh University for their helpful comments and suggestions. I am also grateful to the participants of ITALLC 96, the anonymous referees for that conference and for this volume, and to the audience of a seminar I gave at the University of Texas at Austin in September 1996, for many perceptive questions and comments on this paper and related work.
Discussion of Behavioral Principles in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management: An Update

ABSTRACT This study replicated the methods of a previous review and assessed the frequency with which discussions of basic behavioral principles occurred in a sample of research and case studies published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. A total of 127 research and case studies published between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed; 67 included a discussion of behavioral principles. The percentage of research articles and case studies discussing behavioral principles was higher than that found in previous research. The most frequently described principle was reinforcement. Our findings also documented a higher percentage of laboratory studies discussed behavioral principles.
Labour Reallocation During Transition: The Case of Poland

This paper analyses the reallocation of labour during the transition period, which is argued not only to ease the transition from a planned to market orientated economy, but also to be fundamental to the successful integration of Poland into the European Union. Labour force survey data is used to gauge the overall level of reallocation during the period 1994-1998, a period in which the transition process is considered to be well and truly under way. The results obtained illustrate the inherent immobility prevailing in the Polish labour market during this period and would appear to suggest the presence of relatively significant structural rigidities in the labour market. It is argued that mobility rates of this magnitude are likely to result in considerable strains being placed on the Polish economy when it enters the European Union and could, over the medium term, result in relatively high levels of unemployment. Unless mobility is stimulated, European accession is therefore likely to be a socially costly process. The microeconometric analysis of the determinants of individual mobility presented in the second part of the paper offers a first step to identifying the demographic, economic and social attributes which either aid or inhibit effective labour reallocation. The results obtained highlight a number of important differences in mobility behaviour across age, gender, educational attainment, occupational grouping and labour market experience, which will need to be taken into account in the formulation of active labour market policies to stimulate individual mobility.
Learning from toxicity patterns in phase I trials during the era of mechanism targeted agents

The submission of an editorial remains by invitation only. I hope that these remarks are clear in both statement and intent. It is not my wish to discourage anyone with good work from sending it to Annals of Oncology. Rather by being honest about what we can and will consider I hope to give back time to authors, editors and referees and so encourage the best forms of engagement from all with the journal. I think it is clear that Annals is an increasingly popular destination for the best in oncology research; long may it remain so.
MODELING FOR THE EVALUATION OF STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

This paper presents the multivariate linear models for the evaluation of compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths, and toughness ratio of high-performance steel fiber reinforced concrete (HPSFRC). In this study, 44 series of concrete mixes with varying silica fume replacement and fiber dosage (Vf = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) were considered. Test results indicated that addition of fibers into silica fume concrete improves the compressive strength moderately and tensile strengths significantly. Based on the test results of 144 specimens, multivariate linear regression models were developed for the prediction of 28-day strength and toughness properties of HPSFRC and the absolute variations obtained are 1.09%, 2.36%, and 3.36% for compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, respectively. The validity of the proposed models was verified with the test data of earlier researchers. The proposed models were shown to provide results in good correlation with experimental results. The predicted values were also analyzed at significance level of 0.05.
Categorization difficulty is associated with negative evaluation in the “uncanny valley” phenomenon

Human observers often experience strongly negative impressions of human-like objects falling within a particular range of visual similarity to real humans (the “uncanny valley” phenomenon). We hypothesized that negative impressions in the uncanny valley phenomenon are related to a difficulty in object categorization. We produced stimulus images by morphing two of each of real, stuffed, and cartoon human face images (Experiment 1). Observers were asked to categorize each of these images as either category and evaluated the likability of the image. The results revealed that the longest latency, the highest ambiguity in categorization, and the lowest likability score co-occurred at consistent morphing percentages. Similar results were obtained even when we employed stimulus images that were created by morphing two of each of real, stuffed, and cartoon dog images (Experiment 2). However, the effect of categorization difficulty on evaluation was weak when two real human faces were morphed (Experiment 3). These results suggest that the difficulty in categorizing an object as either of two dissimilar categories is linked to negative evaluation regardless of whether the object is human-related or not.
Evaluation of Basal Serum or Plasma Cortisol Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs

Background Previous studies that included limited numbers of affected dogs have suggested basal cortisol concentrations ≤55 nmol/L (2 μg/dL) are sensitive, but nonspecific, for a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. A detailed assessment of the diagnostic utility of basal cortisol concentrations is warranted. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the utility of basal cortisol concentrations for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in a large number of dogs, including those with and without serum electrolyte abnormalities. Animals Five hundred and twenty‐two dogs, including 163 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, 351 dogs with nonadrenal gland illness, and 8 dogs with equivocal results. Methods Retrospective study. Basal and post‐ACTH cortisol concentrations and sodium and potassium concentrations were collected from medical records. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for basal cortisol concentrations by standard methodologies. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were determined for various cut‐points. Results The area under the ROC curve was 0.988 and was similarly excellent regardless of serum electrolyte concentrations. At the most discriminatory cut‐point of 22 nmol/L (0.8 μg/dL), sensitivity and specificity were 96.9 and 95.7%, respectively. A basal cortisol concentration of ≤55 nmol/L (2 μg/dL) resulted in a sensitivity of 99.4%. Conversely, a basal cortisol concentration of ≤5.5 nmol/L (0.19 μg/dL) resulted in a specificity of 99.1%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Similar to findings in previous studies, basal cortisol concentrations >55 nmol/L (2 μg/dL) are useful in excluding a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. Interestingly, excellent specificities and positive predictive values were observed at lower cut‐point cortisol concentrations.
Characterization of a Novel Dengue Serotype 4 Virus-Specific Neutralizing Epitope on the Envelope Protein Domain III

The dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein domain III (ED3) has been suggested to contain receptor recognition sites and the critical neutralizing epitopes. Up to date, relatively little work has been done on fine mapping of neutralizing epitopes on ED3 for DENV4. In this study, a novel mouse type-specific neutralizing antibody 1G6 against DENV4 was obtained with both prophylactic and therapeutic effects. The epitope was mapped to residues 387–390 of DENV4 envelope protein. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis assay identified two critical residues (T388 and H390). The epitope is variable among different DENV serotypes but is highly conserved among four DENV4 genotypes. Affinity measurement showed that naturally occurring variations in ED3 outside the epitope region did not alter the binding of mAb 1G6. These findings expand our understanding of the interactions between neutralizing antibodies and the DENV4 and may be valuable for rational design of DENV vaccines and antiviral drugs.
Sex and authority in the workplace: The causes of sexual inequality

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of the causes of the restriction of women from positions of authority in the workplace. We ascertain the extent to which the sex gap in authority can be explained by the following three factors: 1) womens qualifications 2) the attitudes and behaviors of employers and 3) the attitudes and behaviors of women themselves. We find that while the amount of the sex difference in authority that can be explained by womens qualifications is substantial it is not the most important factor responsible for the restriction of women from positions of authority. Furthermore we present strong evidence suggesting that the attitudes and behaviors of employers are much more important causes of sexual differences in authority in the workplace than are the attitudes and behaviors of the women themselves. (authors)
A Content Analysis of Research on Disability: American Counseling Association Journals Between 2003 and 2013

This content analysis provides an overview of disability articles published in 10 major American Counseling Association journals between 2003 and 2013. In addition to the number of disability articles published during this time period, other content areas such as authorship and institutional contributors; methodology, location, and application settings; target populations and sample characteristics; type of disabilities; and topics of interest are identified. Recommendations for counseling scholars to increase the scope of research on disability are provided. Este analisis de contenido proporciona una vision general de los articulos sobre discapacidad publicados en 10 revistas principales de la Asociacion Americana de Consejeria (American Counseling Association) entre 2003 y 2013. Ademas del numero de articulos sobre discapacidad publicados durante este periodo, se identifican otras areas de contenidos, como la autoria y contribuidores institucionales, la metodologia, ubicacion y lugares de aplicacion, las poblaciones observadas y caracteristicas de los grupos de muestra, los tipos de discapacidad, y los temas de interes. Se proporcionan recomendaciones para que los expertos academicos en consejeria puedan ampliar el alcance de las investigaciones sobre discapacidad.
Mobile device use at festivals: opportunities for value creation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand mobile device (MD) use in a festival context. Festivals offer a range of opportunities and activities to use a MD making this context ideal for understanding digital experiences during leisure. The guiding research question asked how do festival attendees use MDs at festivals. The Typology of Human Capability (THC) provided a framework to enhance the understanding of digital experiences at festivals. Design/methodology/approach This research involved six festival case studies where semi-structured interviews were conducted with attendees on-site. Interview questions focused on how festival attendees used MDs during the festival. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis guided by the THC. Findings On-site interviews with 168 attendees revealed that data support the THC dimensions and constructs (sensing, linking, organizing and performing). This typology advances the understanding of the range of digital customer experiences currently available at festivals. Research limitations/implications The addition of context to the THC is recommended to enhance its utility in application. As a limited number of festivals were included, the specific findings may not apply to all festivals but the implications are relevant to a range of festivals. Practical implications Operational definitions of the THC constructs within the festival setting were identified and provide opportunities for developing digital experience offerings. Originality/value This study provided the first comprehensive examination of MD use in festival contexts and in so doing offered data in support of Korn and Pine’s (2011) THC. The findings reveal opportunities for modifying the THC to increase its applicability in a range of settings.
Electrocardiogram teletransmission and teleconsultation: essential elements of the organisation of medical care for patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: a single centre experience.

BACKGROUND Optimal treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) should be initiated immediately. System delay is considered an important indicator of quality of care in STEMI, and at the same time it is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes. It can be modified largely by introducing organisational changes. Although conditions have been created in Poland for common use of electrocardiogram (ECG) teletransmission and direct transfer of all STEMI patients to cardiac catheterisation laboratories, no uniform management algorithms have been introduced. AIM To summarize several years of our experience with the use of ECG teletransmission and teleconsultation system in a Polish rural region, present conclusions drawn from practical use of the suggested management algorithm, and compare effectiveness of this system in its early and established phases. METHODS The reported network consists of a single percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-capable hospital, emergency medical services (EMS) system, and several local non-PCI-capable hospitals. We extensively discussed the management algorithm based on prehospital diagnosis with ECG teletransmission and teleconsultation, and direct patient transfer to a PCI-capable hospital. Delays seen immediately after the system was introduced were compared with data obtained after several years of its stable functioning. RESULTS In 2005-2013, the average time to STEMI reperfusion therapy (total delay) was 282.3 (median 213) min, patient-related delay was 164.1 (median 74) min, and system delay was 116.8 (median 111) min. Primary PCI was performed in 93% of STEMI patients, with 21.1% of patients treated within 90 min after the first medical contact (FMC) and 61.1% of patients treated within 120 min after FMC. In 2006-2010, no significant change in the total delay was seen (340 min in 2006 vs. 311 min in 2010, p = 0.1429). A significant reduction was seen in the system delay both overall (-8.3%, p = 0.0318) and in hospital (-24.0%, p < 0.0001). Primary PCI was performed within 90 min after FMC in 14.0% of patients in 2006 and in 30.6% of patients in 2010 (+118.6%, p = 0.0049), and within 120 min after FMC in 55% and 62.2% of patients, respectively (p = 0.3008). The delay from FMC to the diagnosis decreased (-32.1%, p = 0.0356) but the overall EMS delay did not change (102.7 vs. 103.7 min, p = 0.6725). Patient transfer time to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory remained unchanged (54.8 vs. 60.1 min, p = 0.0828), as was the patient-related delay (161.9 vs. 150.2 min, p = 0.2801). CONCLUSIONS An ECG teletransmission and teleconsultation system reduces the system delay. ECG teletransmission systems work well in rural areas with low population density and a single large PCI-capable hospital. With increasing experience, a gradual increase in the effectiveness of management protocols involving ECG teletransmission is seen.
Yet another entropy power inequality with an application

In this paper we derive a generalization of the vector entropy power inequality (EPI) recently put forth in [1], which was valid only for diagonal matrices, to the full matrix case. Next, we study the problem of computing the linear precoder that maximizes the mutual information in linear vector Gaussian channels with arbitrary inputs. In particular, we transform the precoder optimization problem into a new form and, capitalizing on the newly unveiled matrix EPI, we show that some particular instances of the optimization problem can be cast in convex form, i.e., we can have an optimality certificate, which, to the best of our knowledge, had never been obtained previously.
An Inductive Logic Programming Method for Corpus-based Parser Construction

Empirical methods for building natural language systems has become an important area of research in recent years. Most current approaches are based on propositional learning algorithms and have been applied to the problem of acquiring broad-coverage parsers for relatively shallow (syntactic) representations. This paper outlines an alternative empirical approach based on techniques from a sub eld of machine learning known as Inductive Logic Programming (ILP). ILP algorithms, which learn relational ( rst-order) rules, are used in a parser acquisition system called Chill that learns rules to control the behavior of a traditional shift-reduce parser. Using this approach, Chill is able to learn parsers for a variety of di erent types of analyses, from traditional syntax trees to more meaning-oriented case-role and database query forms. Experimental evidence shows that Chill performs comparably to propositional learning systems on similar tasks, and is able to go beyond the broad-but-shallow paradigm and learn mappings directly from sentences into useful semantic representations. In a complete database-query application, parsers learned by Chill outperform an existing hand-crafted system, demonstrating the promise of empricial techniques for automating the construction certain NLP systems.
Young people, friendships and gender learning: insight from student-produced microfilms and curricular implications

Abstract Friendship microfilms produced by students can be used to understand how students make their relationships meaningful. Hence, in this study, friendship microfilms made by Taiwanese students from 2000 to 2013 and uploaded on YouTube were collected and evaluated through a textual analysis aimed at deriving suggestions for relationship education curricula. Four types of narrative were identified in these films. A common theme was addressing romantic concerns among close friends and the effects that follow. The films present scenarios such as ‘I want to be more than merely your friend’ and ‘A conflict arises from a love triangle’, and the predicaments related to trust, honesty, loyalty and supportiveness that consequently arise. The films also reveal the anxiety of gay adolescents trapped in dilemmas involving being neither a love interest nor a best friend and wondering whether to come out of the closet. Moreover, the practices of homosociality in the film manifest gender differences. On the basis of the research findings, this paper provides suggestions for gender and relationship education.
A Spiking Circuit Model of Sequence Learning

The ability to integrate information over time is fundamental to cognition. Any sensory experience, from object recognition to speech comprehension, utilizes this ability. Contrary to traditional models in which memory and perception are supported by separate circuits, recent work has demonstrated perceptual circuits can integrate information over time, as their response to an input at one moment may depend on what happened seconds earlier. We implemented a spiking model utilizing spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity in a localized visual cortical circuit to investigate how sensory circuits are able to integrate information over time. We demonstrate that a lengthening circuit memory develops as a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus and that repeated exposure also leads to stronger synapses between neurons processing the input as well as associating sequential stimuli.