Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hmo1 directs pre-initiation complex assembly to an appropriate site on its target gene promoters by masking a nucleosome-free region

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hmo1 binds to the promoters of ∼70% of ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) at high occupancy, but is observed at lower occupancy on the remaining RPG promoters. In Δhmo1 cells, the transcription start site (TSS) of the Hmo1-enriched RPS5 promoter shifted upstream, while the TSS of the Hmo1-limited RPL10 promoter did not shift. Analyses of chimeric RPS5/RPL10 promoters revealed a region between the RPS5 upstream activating sequence (UAS) and core promoter, termed the intervening region (IVR), responsible for strong Hmo1 binding and an upstream TSS shift in Δhmo1 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that the RPS5-IVR resides within a nucleosome-free region and that pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly occurs at a site between the IVR and a nucleosome overlapping the TSS (+1 nucleosome). The PIC assembly site was shifted upstream in Δhmo1 cells on this promoter, indicating that Hmo1 normally masks the RPS5-IVR to prevent PIC assembly at inappropriate site(s). This novel mechanism ensures accurate transcriptional initiation by delineating the 5′- and 3′-boundaries of the PIC assembly zone.
Learning to Play Board Games using Temporal Dierence Methods

A promising approach to learn to play board games is to use reinforcement learning algorithms that can learn a game position evaluation function. In this paper we examine and compare three dieren t methods for generating training games: (1) Learning by self-play, (2) Learning by playing against an expert program, and (3) Learning from viewing experts play against themselves. Although the third possibility generates highquality games from the start compared to initial random games generated by self-play, the drawback is that the learning program is never allowed to test moves which it prefers. We compared these three methods using temporal dierence methods to learn the game of backgammon. For particular games such as draughts and chess, learning from a large database containing games played by human experts has as a large advantage that during the generation of (useful) training games, no expensive lookahead planning is necessary for move selection. Experimental results in this paper show how useful this method is for learning to play chess and draughts.
Interactions between environmental factors can hide isolation by distance patterns: a case study of Ctenomys rionegrensis in Uruguay

Identifying the factors responsible for the structuring of genetic diversity is of fundamental importance for biodiversity conservation. However, arriving at such understanding is difficult owing to the many factors involved and the potential interactions between them. Here, we present an example of how such interactions can preclude us from arriving at a complete characterization of the demographic history and genetic structure of a species. Ctenomys rionegrensis is a species with restricted dispersal abilities and, as such, should exhibit an isolation by distance (IBD) pattern, which previous studies were unable to uncover. It was therefore concluded that this species underwent a recent population expansion. Using a novel hierarchical Bayesian method, we show that the inability to detect the IBD pattern is due to the interaction between elevation and geographical distance. We posit that populations in low areas suffer periodic floods that may reduce local population sizes, increasing genetic drift, a process that masks the effect of distance on genetic differentiation. Our results do not refute the possibility that the populations of C. rionegrensis underwent a recent population expansion but they indicate that an alternative scenario described by a metapopulation model at or near migration-drift equilibrium cannot be excluded either.
Innenfor eller utenfor? En studie av engasjement hos tre 9.klasser i møte med litterære tekster som faglige problem

I denne studien undersokes variasjon i elevengasjement i 18 gruppesamtaler om litteratur i tre9. klasser, iscenesatt som faglig problemlosing. Her introduseres intensitet som grunnlag for ethelhetsinntrykk av engasjementet i gruppene, og ulike former for flerstemt diskurs (Bakhtin, 1984)og diskursive verdsettingsmekanismer (Gee, 2014a, 2014b) som grunnlag for a vurdere hvordanelevene forholder seg til det de arbeider med. Disse kategoriene settes i dialog med etablerteengasjementskategorier. Formalet med studien er todelt. Forste del er knyttet til om det didaktiskedesignet egner seg til a engasjere elever utover losrevne enkeltkasus (jf. Sonneland & Skaftun,2017). For det andre - med en forventning om at engasjementet vil variere nar antallet kasusoker - er interessen knyttet til nyanser og grensetilfeller i sporsmalet om elevene er innenfor ellerutenfor den faglige aktiviteten. ABSTRACT English title: In or Out? A Study of Three 9th Graders' Engagement in Regards to Literary Texts as Educational Problems In this study, variation in student engagement is examined in 18 small-groups in 9th grade, whenthey talk about literary texts. The activity is staged as disciplinary problem-solving. Intensity is introducedas a way of describe and capture the overall impression of student engagement in the groups.Through various forms of double-voiced discourse (Bakhtin, 1984) and the discursive building-tasksignificance (Gee, 2014, 2014) the analysis aims to assess how the students are relating to the task.These categories are set in dialogue with established categories of engagement. The purpose of thestudy is two-fold. Firstly, there is an interest in whether the didactic design is suitable for engagingpupils beyond detached single-cases (see Sonneland & Skaftun, 2017). Secondly - with theexpectation that the engagement will vary when the number of cases is increasing - the interest isrelated to nuances and boundaries in the question of whether the students are within or outside thedisciplinary activity.
The OpenMP Implementation of NAS Parallel Benchmarks and its Performance

As the new ccNUMA architecture became popular in recent years, parallel programming with compiler directives on these machines has evolved to accommodate new needs. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of OpenMP directives for parallelizing the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. Implementation details will be discussed and performance will be compared with the MPI implementation. We have demonstrated that OpenMP can achieve very good results for parallelization on a shared memory system, but effective use of memory and cache is very important.
Group size versus territory size in group‐living badgers: a large‐sample field test of the Resource Dispersion Hypothesis

Badgers (Meles meles) have been the focus for the development of a pervasive model of social grouping behaviour, relevant to a number of carnivore species and other taxonomic groups - the Resource Dispersion Hypothesis (RDH). The RDH hypothesises that the dispersion and richness of resources in the environment provide a passive mechanism for the formation of groups, even without any direct benefits of group living. However, few studies have tested the RDH in the field. The principal prediction is that, as opposed to enlargement of territory sizes to accommodate more members, territory size (TS) is independent of group size (GS). Instead, TS is determined by the spatial dispersion of resources, while GS is independently determined by the richness of those resources. However, these predictions provide only weak correlative tests, especially in non-experimental field studies. The first predicts an absence of correlation and is therefore prone to Type II error, especially given the small sample sizes and errors in estimating TS and GS of mammals in the field. We tested for independence of territory size and group size in all years with available data since the beginning of the long-term badger study in Wytham Woods in 1974. We used two methods of TS estimation, a sequential Bonferroni technique to adjust for multiple inference tests, a combined analysis and an analysis with pooled data. This prediction of the RDH could not be rejected on the basis of any of these analyses. Given this evidence that other processes are independently determining group size and territory size, further predictions of the RDH will be worth investigating in considerable detail.
A multipurpose audio watermarking algorithm with synchronization and encryption

We propose a new multipurpose audio watermarking scheme in which two complementary watermarks are used. For audio copyright protection, the watermark data with copyright information or signature are first encrypted by Arnold transformation. Then the watermark data are inserted in the low frequency largest significant discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients to obtain robustness performance. For audio authentication, a chaotic signal is inserted in the high frequency insignificant DCT coefficients to detect tampered regions. Furthermore, the synchronization code is embedded in the audio statistical characteristics to resist desynchronization attacks. Experimental results show that our proposed method can not only obtain satisfactory detection and tampered location, but also achieve imperceptibility and robustness to common signal processing attacks, such as cropping, shifting, and time scale modification (TSM). Comparison results show that our method outperforms some existing methods.
Novel evidence for within-species leaf economics spectrum at multiple spatial scales

Leaf economics spectrum (LES), characterizing covariation among a suite of leaf traits relevant to carbon and nutrient economics, has been examined largely among species but hardly within species. In addition, very little attempt has been made to examine whether the existence of LES depends on spatial scales. To address these questions, we quantified the variation and covariation of four leaf economic traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents) in a cosmopolitan wetland species (Phragmites australis) at three spatial (inter-regional, regional, and site) scales across most of the species range in China. The species expressed large intraspecific variation in the leaf economic traits at all of the three spatial scales. It also showed strong covariation among the four leaf economic traits across the species range. The coordination among leaf economic traits resulted in LES at all three scales and the environmental variables determining variation in leaf economic traits were different among the spatial scales. Our results provide novel evidence for within-species LES at multiple spatial scales, indicating that resource trade-off could also constrain intraspecific trait variation mainly driven by climatic and/or edaphic differences.
Effect of Fertigation and Mulching on Seed Yield and Quality Attributes in Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Water and nutrients are the two most critical inputs to be managed efficiently not only to increase the yield but also to sustain environmental safety and quality. Nutrient management is the most basic factor and is found to exert a great influence not only on growth and yield attributes of vegetables but also for obtaining sustained productivity. Among all nutrients; N, P and K are three most important major nutrients which contribute to proper growth and yield of plants and it also has direct effect on metabolism of plants (Abusaleha and Shanmugavelu, 1988). Method of fertilization also plays an important role in supplying the nutrient to the plants because the efficacy of fertilizers applied in soil being low due to various losses and fixation, mainly in area of problematic soil. Drip fertigation has been well recognized as an efficient and precise method of applying fertilizers directly to the root zone for maximizing productivity and net returns in horticultural crops (Meenakashi, 2002). Burgeoning population and rapid urbanization have boosted the intensive vegetable cultivation in peri-urban areas. In International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
A Comparison Study of Energy Proportionality of Data Center Network Architectures

Today's data center networks consume a great amount of energy, which significantly aggravates the operational cost of data centers and the carbon footprint. It is an ideal objective for operators to make the power consumption of data center networks proportional to the amount of network loads they carry. To this end, many recent researches are focusing on two representative methods: device-level sleeping technology and network-wide energy aware routing. It is important for operators to understand what effects these energy conservation methods have on improving the network energy proportionality. In the paper, we make a comparison study on the energy proportionality of data center networks, based on regular routing and energy-aware routing. Specifically, we first choose several typical data center network architectures and equalize their network performance. Afterwards, we analyze the maximum power consumption of data center networks without using any energy conservation strategy, and compare their energy proportionality when employing the sleeping technology and energy-aware routing respectively.
Welfare-Based Monetary Policy Rules in an Estimated DSGE Model of the Us Economy

We develop and estimate a stylized micro-founded model of the US economy. Next we compute the parameters of a simple interest rate policy rule that maximizes the unconditional mean of utility. We show that such a welfare-based rule lies close to the Taylor efficiency frontier. A counterfactual analysis assesses to what extent using such a rule as a guideline for monetary policy would have helped to avoid the inflationary swings of the 1970s and reduce the severity of boom and bust cycles. The paper also provides estimates of the welfare implications of business cycle variability and discusses their relevance.
Natural, Persistent Oscillations in a Spatial Multi-Strain Disease System with Application to Dengue

Many infectious diseases are not maintained in a state of equilibrium but exhibit significant fluctuations in prevalence over time. For pathogens that consist of multiple antigenic types or strains, such as influenza, malaria or dengue, these fluctuations often take on the form of regular or irregular epidemic outbreaks in addition to oscillatory prevalence levels of the constituent strains. To explain the observed temporal dynamics and structuring in pathogen populations, epidemiological multi-strain models have commonly evoked strong immune interactions between strains as the predominant driver. Here, with specific reference to dengue, we show how spatially explicit, multi-strain systems can exhibit all of the described epidemiological dynamics even in the absence of immune competition. Instead, amplification of natural stochastic differences in disease transmission, can give rise to persistent oscillations comprising semi-regular epidemic outbreaks and sequential dominance of dengue's four serotypes. Not only can this mechanism explain observed differences in serotype and disease distributions between neighbouring geographical areas, it also has important implications for inferring the nature and epidemiological consequences of immune mediated competition in multi-strain pathogen systems.
The Effects of Free Will Beliefs in Japan: Disbelief in Free Will Impairs Overriding Impulsive Decisions

The present research aims at testing the effects of disbelief in free will on overriding impulsive decisions in Japan. Past research conducted in Western countries has found that induced disbelief in free will can weaken motivation of self-control. In the present research, the authors tested the generalizability of the findings in a study involving Japanese students. Results show that participants whose belief in free will was challenged reported less likelihood and desirability of overriding the impulsive decision. These findings suggest that some basic assumptions of the effects of disbelief in free will could be generalized across cultures.
Effect of Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oil and its Main Components on α-glucosidase and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity

The present study was designed to determine the effects of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) and its three main components on α-glucosidase and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. The chemical composition of the essential oil from Laurus nobilis L. leaves was analyzed by GC/GC-MS and resulted in the identification of 29 compounds, representing 99.18% of the total oil. 1,8-cineole (68.82%), 1-(S)-α-pinene (6.94%), and R-(+)- limonene (3.04%) were determined to be the main components. The antioxidant features of the essential oil and its three main components were evaluated using inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals, inhibition of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation assays. The results show that the DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities of the essential oil are greater than the positive controls and the three main components of the oil when tested independently. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the oil occurred less frequently than with 1,8-cineole and R-(+)- limonene alone, but the effects were more pronounced than those seen with 1-(S)-α-pinene and the positive controls. An α-glucosidase inhibition assay was applied to evaluate the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of the essential oil. IC50-values were obtained for laurel essential oil, 1, 8-cineole, 1-(S)-α-pinene, and R-(+)-limonene: 1.748 μL/mL, 1.118 μL/mL, 1.420 μL/mL and 1.300 μL/mL, respectively. We also found that laurel essential oil and 1, 8-cineole inhibited the α-glucosidase competitively while 1-(S)-α-pinene and R-(+)-limonene were uncompetitive inhibitors.
More than a Dummy: The Probability of Failure, Survival and Acquisition of Firms in Financial Distress

We discuss three methodological issues concerning forecasts of the outcome of financial distress. First, we argue that rather than using a binary model the outcome of financial distress should be modeled using a multinomial specification that distinguishes between failure, survival as going concern, and acquisition. We also argue for a random rather than matched-pair sampling technique to better reflect decision making reality. Finally, we investigate the value of using industry-mean adjusted regressors. We find that the binary bankruptcy model is mis-specified relative to the multinomial model, that the matched sampling technique overstates model accuracy and that industry specific intercepts have better explanatory power than industry-adjusted regressors.
Negotiating masculinities: Polish male migrants in the UK – insights from an intersectional perspective

ABSTRACT The relationship between masculinity and migration is attracting growing academic attention. However, the scope for investigation is vast, given the fact that in the existing research the gender–migration nexus has to date been largely female and/or family oriented. In the context of emigration from Poland after 2004, a plethora of studies concerning Polish migrants has discussed female- and family-related issues, and as a result, less is known about the specific experience of male migrants. The paper addresses this gap; drawing upon 20 biographical interviews with Polish men in the UK and five with Polish community workers, it provides an insight into negotiations in the sphere of masculinity. Applying an intersectional perspective, it discusses how certain aspects of their social identities turn from assets into downsides. Finally, it shows how some of their narratives about their experience of living in Britain are tied to Polish gender ideology. The paper contributes to the research stream on the variety of masculinities practices in migration from the CEE region and adds to the discussion on how gender practices and ideals are practiced and negotiated in the new settings.
Temperature Induced Syllable Breaking Unveils Nonlinearly Interacting Timescales in Birdsong Motor Pathway

The nature of telencephalic control over premotor and motor circuits is debated. Hypotheses range from complete usurping of downstream circuitry to highly interactive mechanisms of control. We show theoretically and experimentally, that telencephalic song motor control in canaries is consistent with a highly interactive strategy. As predicted from a theoretical model of respiratory control, mild cooling of a forebrain nucleus (HVC) led to song stretching, but further cooling caused progressive restructuring of song, consistent with the hypothesis that respiratory gestures are subharmonic responses to a timescale present in the output of HVC. This interaction between a life-sustaining motor function (respiration) and telencephalic song motor control suggests a more general mechanism of how nonlinear integration of evolutionarily new brain structures into existing circuitry gives rise to diverse, new behavior.
FlowMate : Scalable On-line Flow Partitioning using Shared Bottleneck Inference

We design and implement an efficient on-line approach, FlowMate, for partitioning flows (connections) emanating from a busy server, according to shared bottlenecks. The flow partitions can be periodically input to load balancing, congestion coordination, aggregation, admission control, or pricing modules. FlowMateuses in-band (passive) packet end-to-end delay measurements to infer shared bottlenecks. Packet delay information is piggybacked on feedback from the receivers, or, if impossible, TCP or application round trip time estimates are used. We simulateFlowMateand examine the effects of network load, traffic burstiness, network buffer sizes, and packet drop policies on partitioning correctness (evaluated via a novel accuracy metric). We find that coordinated congestion management techniques are more fair when integrated with FlowMate. We also implement FlowMate in the Linux kernel v2.4. 17 and evaluate its performance on an emulation testbed, using both synthetic and tcplib-generated traffic. Our results demonstrate accurate partitioning of medium to long-lived flows, even with bursty background traffic. Keywords—network monitoring, network tomography, TCP, shared bottleneck identification, coordinated congestion management, load balancing
Canonical TBDD's and Their Application to Combinational Verification

We propose a new class of decision diagrams called canonical cube transformation binary decision diagrams (canonical TBDD’s), which is an extension of TBDD’s proposed by Meinel et al [11, 3]. The core idea of TBDD’s is to transform a function to another function in a new domain by an injective mapping and to represent the transformed function in a standard OBDD. If the new domain is larger than the original domain, canonicity is lost, which makes combinational verification difficult. In this paper we show that canonicity can be maintained by characterizing the care set of the new domain. Transformations of practical interest which guarantee polynomial size canonical TBDD’s are introduced. We also give a new interpretation of TBDD’s, which leads to an effective heuristic for extracting promising transformations automatically from highlevel specifications. Finally a combinational verification technique using canonical TBDD’s is proposed, the effectiveness of which is justified by verifying the hidden weight bit function.