Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence and long-term outcomes of adult patients with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to intensive care: A retrospective cohort study

Aims Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening but avoidable complication of diabetes mellitus often managed in intensive care units. The risk of emergency hospital readmission in patients surviving an intensive care unit episode of diabetic ketoacidosis is unknown. We aimed to report the cumulative incidence of emergency hospital readmission and costs in all patients surviving an intensive care unit episode of diabetic ketoacidosis in Scotland. Methods We used a national six-year cohort of survivors of first diabetic ketoacidosis admissions to Scottish intensive care units (1 January 2005–31 December 2010) identified in the Scottish Intensive Care Society Audit Group registry linked to acute hospital and death records (follow-up censored 31 December 2010). Diabetic ketoacidosis-related emergency readmissions were identified using International Classification of Disease-10 codes. Results During the study period, 386 patients were admitted to intensive care units in Scotland with diabetic ketoacidosis (admission rate 1.5/100,000 Scottish population). Median age was 44 (IQR 29–56); 51% male; 55% required no organ support on admission. Mortality after intensive care unit admission was 8% at 30 days, 18% at one year, and 35% at five years. A total of 349 patients survived their first intensive care unit diabetic ketoacidosis admission [mean (SD) age 42.5 (18.1) years; 50.4% women; 46.1% required ≥1 organ support]. Following hospital discharge, cumulative incidence of 90-day, one-year, and five-year diabetic ketoacidosis readmission (all-cause readmission) was 13.8% (31.8%), 29.7% (58.9%) and 46.4% (82.6%). Discussion Diabetic ketoacidosis in patients requiring intensive care unit admission is associated with high risk of long-term mortality and high hospital costs. An understanding of the precipitating causes of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients admitted to intensive care units may allow patients who are at high risk to be targeted, potentially reducing future morbidity and the substantial burden that diabetic ketoacidosis currently places on the healthcare system.
The lytic cycle of Epstein-Barr virus in the nonproducer Raji line can be rescued by the expression of a 135-kilodalton protein encoded by the BALF2 open reading frame

In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying nonproducer Raji cells, the induction of the viral replicative cycle by chemical treatment is limited to only the early stage and viral DNA synthesis is totally inhibited. We previously showed the absence of two messenger RNAs that are encoded by the BamHI-A fragment of the EBV genome and that correspond to open reading frames BALF2 and BARF1 in chemically induced Raji cells. Since the BALF2 gene encodes a 135-kDa DNA-binding protein which was immunoprecipitated by antibody against ICP8 protein, a key protein in herpes simplex virus replication, we asked whether the lack of productive cycle in Raji cells is due to the absence of expression of the BALF2 gene. We transfected the Raji cell line with the BALF2 gene. After chemical induction, the BALF2-transfected cells expressed not only early antigens but also late antigens. In these cultures, the viral particles were detected by electron microscopy. The expression of late antigens was completely inhibited by arabinofuranosylthymine, which is a specific inhibitor of viral DNA replication. The BALF2 gene might play an essential role in the induction of the EBV-lytic cycle.
The Influence of Prior Commitment to an Institution on Reactions to Perceived Unfairness: The Higher They Are, the Harder They Fall

Joel Brockner Columbia University Tom R. Tyler University of California, Berkeley Rochelle Cooper-Schneider Columbia University The influence of individuals' prior commitment to an institution on their reactions to the perceived fairness of decisions rendered by the institution was examined in two different field settings. The first study examined how layoff survivors' work attitudes and behaviors after the layoff changed as a function of (1) their level of organizational commitment prior to the layoff and (2) their perceptions of the fairness of the decision rule used to keep certain employees and lay off others. In the second study, we explored how citizens' commitment to legal authorities changed as a function of their initial level of commitment and their perceptions of how fairly they were treated in their recent encounters with legal authorities. Consistent results emerged across these two settings: The most negative reactions were exhibited by those who previously felt highly committed but who felt that they were treated unfairly by the institution. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
High-Impact Instruction

Text: High Impact Instruction, by Jim Knight. Learning Objectives. After completion of this book study participants will be able to: Some of what Participants will. This course is designed to help school administrators, instructional coaches and teachers understand what research has identified as high impact instructional. For example, Lea Molzcan, an instructional coach I described in High-Impact Instruction (2013), collaborated with a teacher to help her learn how to teach clear.
"Keep on, keeping on" : one man's phenomenological experience of postnatal depression : a study presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Nursing at Massey University

Postnatal depression has been documented as a disease/i llness exclusively linked to mothers. The dominance of biological and psychological perspectives of postnatal depression in women, have upheld the dichotomy which seems to make postnatal depression in men inexaminable. In response to the lack of research into men's experience this study offers a trilogy that firstly examines a father and then a mother' s separate perspectives on postnatal depression. The third dimension of this study aims to present an integrated view from this couple of postnatal depression. In order to achieve this, this work describes one man's perspective of the phenomenon of postnatal depression employing Crotty ' s (1996) mainstream phenomenological approach. Although the biological and psychosocial approaches show that postnatal depression is a very real disorder in some women's lives following childbirth, the phenomenological approach has identified the equally real disequilibrium that occurs in some men ' s lives when living with postnatal depression. The findings provide a detailed account of the co-researchers distress as he seeks to understand the essence of his experience of postnatal depression and realize the reality of his life-world. Thus potential health risks are identified which warrant further investigation that have implications for men 's health.
Transcriptional priming of intrathymic precursors for dendritic cell development

Specialized dendritic cells (DCs) within the thymus are crucial for the deletion of autoreactive T cells. The question of whether these cells arise from intrathymic precursors with T-cell potential has been hotly debated, and the regulatory pathways and signals that direct their development remain unclear. Here, we compared the gene expression profiles of thymic DC subsets with those of four early thymic precursor subsets: early T-cell precursors (ETPs), double-negative 1c (DN1c), double-negative 1d (DN1d) and double-negative 1e (DN1e) subsets. We found that the DN1d subset expressed Spi-B, HEBCan, Ccr7 and Ccr4, similar to thymic plasmacytoid DCs, whereas the DN1e subset expressed Id2, Ccr7 and Ccr4, similar to thymic conventional DCs. The expression of Ccr7 and Ccr4 in DN1d and DN1e cells suggested that they might be able to migrate towards the medulla (low in Dll proteins) and away from the cortex (high in Dll proteins) where early T-cell development occurs. We therefore assessed the sensitivity of developing DC precursors to Dll-Notch signaling, and found that high levels of Dll1 or Dll4 were inhibitory to DC development, whereas medium levels of Dll4 allowed DC development but not myeloid development. To evaluate directly the lineage potential of the ETP, DN1d and DN1e subsets, we injected them into nonirradiated congenic hosts intrathymically or intravenously, and found that they were all able to form medullary DCs in vivo. Therefore, DN1d and DN1e cells are transcriptionally primed to home to the thymus, migrate into DC-permissive microenvironments and develop into medullary DCs.
The Importance of Learning Goals versus Outcome Goals for Entrepreneurs

Little is currently known about the cognitive processes entrepreneurs engage in as they develop and implement strategies. A computer simulation was used to investigate this question. Repeated measures regression analysis indicated that participants using a learning goal were able to keep their simulated firms running longer than those using a performance outcome goal. Strategy mediated the relationship between task-specific self-efficacy and performance. Conversely, task-specific self-efficacy mediated the relationship between strategy use and performance. General self-efficacy added explanatory power to firm survival, even after controlling for the effects of specific self-efficacy. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Arabic phonetic features recognition using modular connectionist architectures

This paper proposes an approach for reliably identifying complex Arabic phonemes in continuous speech. This is proposed to be done by a mixture of artificial neural experts. These experts are typically time delay neural networks using an original version of the autoregressive backpropagation algorithm (AR-TDNN). A module using specific cues generated by an ear model operates the speech phone segmentation. Perceptual linear predictive (PLP) coefficients, energy, zero crossing rate and their derivatives are used as input parameters. Serial and parallel architectures of AR-TDNN have been implemented and confronted to a monolithic system using a simple backpropagation algorithm.
Prime time for dissecting the entity of cryptogenic stroke.

See related article, p 1186. The term cryptogenic ischemic stroke (or stroke of undetermined pathogenesis) encompasses ischemic strokes without specific cause detected after adequate diagnostic workup. Cryptogenic stroke is, thus, a diagnosis done by exclusion. Strokes may remain cryptogenic if diagnostic evaluation is incomplete for one or another reason or in the presence of multiple competitive causes, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and atherosclerotic stenosis in an ipsilateral relevant artery. Choosing the particular diagnostic investigation should always be balanced between the cost and potential yield, considering patient characteristics and the effect on treatment decisions. The only patients with stroke in whom thorough pathogenic workup may be unnecessary are those whose poor prognosis cannot be improved reasonably by pathogenic diagnosis. A substantial proportion of all strokes end up being cryptogenic. Among the 5017 patients in the German Stroke Data Bank, cryptogenic strokes accounted for 23%. 1 Notably, the cryptogenic category is even larger among younger patients reflecting major challenges in defining their pathogenesis and interpreting causally relevant findings. A total of 40% of patients aged <50 years remained without elusive cause for their stroke in a recent large multicenter survey.2 Furthermore, another prospective study with MR-imaged patients aged <55 years showed higher rates of cryptogenic strokes with lower age.3 There is paucity of data to guide secondary prevention after cryptogenic stroke. Current guidelines either did not give statements specifically on cryptogenic stroke or recommended antiplatelet therapy.4,5 Anticoagulation (warfarin with target international normalized ratio, 1.4–2.8) has been compared against aspirin (325 mg/d) only in 1 …
Doppler echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: 86 cases (2001-2005).

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of Doppler echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (DEE-PAH) in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD) classified according to the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) heart failure classification scheme and various echocardiographic and Doppler indices of MVD severity. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 617 dogs examined from 2001 to 2005 with MVD in ISACHC classes I to III. PROCEDURES Dogs were examined echocardiographically. Criteria used for systolic and diastolic DEE-PAH were detection of high tricuspid (> or = 2.5 m/s) and telediastolic pulmonic (> or = 2.0 m/s) valvular peak regurgitant jet velocities, respectively, by use of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS 86 (13.9%) dogs with MVD had a diagnosis of DEE-PAH. Severity and prevalence of DEE-PAH increased with ISACHC class (3.0%, 16.9%, 26.7%, and 72.2% prevalences for ISACHC classes Ia, Ib, II, and III, respectively). A significant correlation between systolic or diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure and left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio (LA/Ao) was detected. Doppler echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension was detected in 18 dogs with values of LA/Ao within reference range, all of which had moderate (n = 2 dogs) or severe (16) mitral valve regurgitation on color Doppler imaging. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence and degree of DEE-PAH were related to the severity of MVD. Changes associated with DEEPAH may be detected in early stages of the disease, but only in dogs with severe mitral valve regurgitation.
Attentional resource allocation and cultural modulation in a computational model of ritualized behavior

ABSTRACT How do cultural and religious rituals influence human perception and cognition, and what separates the highly patterned behaviors of communal ceremonies from perceptually similar precautionary and compulsive behaviors? These are some of the questions that recent theoretical models and empirical studies have tried to answer by focusing on ritualized behavior instead of ritual. Ritualized behavior (i.e., a set of behavioral features embedded in rituals) increases attention to detail and induces cognitive resource depletion, which together support distinct modes of action categorization. While ritualized behaviors are perceptually similar across a range of behavioral domains, symbolically mediated experience-dependent information (so-called cultural priors) modulate perception such that communal ceremonies appear coherent and culturally meaningful, while compulsive behaviors remain incoherent and, in some cases, pathological. In this study, we extend a qualitative model of human action perception and understanding to include ritualized behavior. Based on previous experimental and computational studies, the model was simulated using instrumental and ritualized representations of realistic motor patterns and the simulation data were subjected to linear and non-linear analysis. The results are used to exemplify how action perception of ritualized behavior (a) might influence allocation of attentional resources and (b) can be modulated by cultural priors. Further explorations of the model show why behavioral experiments might fail to capture modulation effects of cultural priors and that cultural priors in general reduce the chaoticity of time-dependent action processing.
Primary Report on the Risk Factors Affecting Female Infertility in South Indian Districts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala

In the present study an effort has been made to find out common factors responsible for female infertility in the three study areas. The prevalence of female infertility was 45.67% in Kanyakumari 44.24% in Thirunelveli and 41.91% in Thiruvananthapuram. Primary infertility is as common distressing problem in India as in other parts of the world. Zargar et al reported that the magnitude of primary infertility in India was 50%. The present study clearly indicates that primary infertility was more dominating than secondary infertility in South India. A woman reaches her maximum fertility potential at the age of 30. We observed maximum number of infertile females in the age group of 25 - 30 years indicating a shift in the fertility potential age. Maximum women had 1- 5 years of infertility duration but Sumita and Ranjit reported that 57.5% were infertile for 2 - 5 years. We established more infertility in urban than rural areas while Mokhtar et al reported more infertility in rural areas. In India women with high school education and above have markedly higher infertility rate than the less educated. Kerala had set an example by having high female literacy and lower infertility. Interestingly the infertility percentage of unemployed females was more in all three study areas than the employed suggesting lifestyle stress. The incidence of infertility among women with a positive infertility family history among mothers and sisters was 24% and 32% respectively. In Kanyakumari 13.14% couples Thirunelveli 25.34% couples and Thiruvananthapuram 16.96% couples had a temporarily migrant male partner working abroad who failed to persist getting infertility treatment. According to Dabral and Malik usage of family planning methods increases with education of women. However we observed very few educated couples using contraceptives. Frank found that women with PCOS were concomitant with increased risk of infertility. Which is true in the present study where PCOS was the major cause for infertility.
Accountability in Algorithmic Decision-making

Every fiscal quarter automated writing algorithms churn out thousands of corporate earnings articles for the AP (Associated Press) based on little more than structured data. Companies such as Automated Insights, which produces the articles for AP, and Narrative Science can now write straight news articles in almost any domain that has clean and well-structured data: finance, sure, but also sports, weather, and education, among others. The articles aren’t cardboard either; they have variability, tone, and style, and in some cases readers even have difficulty distinguishing the machine-produced articles from human-written ones.
Who Is Dying in Our Critical Care Units?: A Single Center's Experience

Are deaths that occur in critical care expected or unexpected? The objective was to illustrate the incidence of deaths in adult critical care units. We also wanted to discover if our patient population fit the norm of those who die in these units in the United States. Are the patients with many comorbid conditions? Could they benefit from advance care planning? A prospective chart review was completed on all deaths that occurred in our 5 critical care units. Most deaths (76.6%) were expected. Patients had an average of 3.3 comorbidities. Greater public knowledge about advance care planning is needed and must include education about the full range of options in end-of-life care.
Evaluation of phytochemicals , antioxidant activity and elemental content of Adiantum capillus veneris leaves

The Adiantum capillus veneris was screened for phyt ochemicals and metal content. The antioxidant activ ity was also determined by different methods. It was observ ed that it contains 8.3 % moisture, 11.44 % ethanol extractable matter and 24.00 % water extractable matter. The so xhlet extraction of Adiantum capillus veneris showe d the presence of phenolics and terpenoids (2.73 %), fats and waxes (0.20 %), alkaloids (0.53 %), quaternary nd Noxides (26.33 %) and fiber (67.23 %). Ten elements Mg, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, Ni, Cu, and Zn were dete rmined from plant sample using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) technique am ong which Ca and K were found to be at major level. Adi antum capillus veneris leaves contain 224.76 mg FA/ gm dw of phenolics and 49.62 mg equi Rut/gm dw of flavonoids in aqueous extract. The ethanol extract showed goo d antioxidant activity as compared to standard i.e. a scorbic acid, it exhibits low IC 50 value 0.3986 mg/gm for DPPH assay and 0.695 mg/gm for ABTS assay. Results obtai ned indicated that Adiantum capillus veneris leaves are endowed with free radical scavenging molecules and it can be used as a potential source of natural ant ioxidants and nutrients.
The Homosocial Construction of Alternative Masculinities: Men in Indie Rock Bands

This study explores the construction of masculinities and homosocial relationships within alternative subcultures. Through in-depth interviews, I researched men in “indie” rock bands that were redefining homosocial relationships in order to construct alternative masculinities within the indie rock subculture. The study's findings demonstrate that while the men upheld certain hegemonic gender norms inside and outside the scene, within the subculture they report constructing alternative masculinities through homosocial interactions and gender strategies involving their bodies and performances. This study provides an example of how gender is fluid within specific social locations and contexts. Furthermore, it emphasizes the idea that multiple masculinities are constructed within society and that homosocial relations can be places for challenging hegemonic masculinity rather than reinforcing them.
Time since diagnosis as a predictor of symptoms, depression, cognition, social concerns, perceived benefits, and overall health in cancer survivors.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To assess whether health and other factors are different in short-term cancer survivors (less than five years since diagnosis), long-term survivors (5-10 years), and very long-term survivors (more than 10 years). DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. SETTING New Zealand. SAMPLE 836 survivors of adult-onset cancers (6 months to 43 years since diagnosis). METHODS Survivors were recruited using community-based methods and answered a mailed questionnaire. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Physical and emotional health, depression, symptoms, cognitive difficulty, social concerns, and perceived benefits of cancer. FINDINGS Physical and emotional health, depression, physical symptoms, and perceived benefits of cancer were not associated with time since diagnosis, but longer time since diagnosis was associated with decreases in cognitive difficulties and social concerns. The survivors in this study reported a mean of 8.4 physical symptoms, regardless of time since diagnosis, with the most frequent being fatigue (76%), aches and pain (75%), and trouble sleeping (68%). CONCLUSIONS Most survivors enjoyed a moderately good level of health. However, some adverse effects, such as symptoms, were similar in short-, long-, and very long-term survivors, suggesting that interventions may be needed to prevent persistent issues as time progresses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The findings suggest a need to reconsider the common attitude that survivors who finish treatment should be able to return to normal life. Assessment of symptoms, particularly fatigue, pain, and sleep issues, is important even in very long-term survivors.
Application of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination to Diagnosis and Monitoring of Progressive Primary Aphasia

Background/Aims: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) comprises 2 main variants: semantic dementia (SD) and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA). Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) has become widely used for the diagnosis of dementias. Less information, however, is available about its ability to detect and monitor changes in cognition in PPA. We aimed to analyse the sensitivity and longitudinal changes of ACE scores in 2 subforms of PPA. Methods: We included 63 SD and 45 PNFA cases, all of whom had at least 2 assessments. Sensitivity levels, annualised rates of change and difference in scores over time on repeated ACE measurements were calculated. Results: A cut-off of 88 points detected 95% of the PNFA and SD cases. Longitudinal analysis showed an average annual decline of 10 points per year, with no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: The ACE is a useful tool for detecting and tracking the evolution of PPA.