Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Centering in Japanese Discourse

In this paper we propose a computational treatment of the resolution of zero pronouns in Japanese discourse, using an adaptation of the centering algorithm. We are able to factor language-specific dependencies into one parameter of the centering algorithm. Previous analyses have stipulated that a zero pronoun and its cospecifier must share a grammatical function property such as {\sc Subject} or {\sc NonSubject}. We show that this property-sharing stipulation is unneeded. In addition we propose the notion of {\sc topic ambiguity} within the centering framework, which predicts some ambiguities that occur in Japanese discourse. This analysis has implications for the design of language-independent discourse modules for Natural Language systems. The centering algorithm has been implemented in an HPSG Natural Language system with both English and Japanese grammars.
The non-monotypic status of the neotropical fish genus Hemiodontichthys (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) evidenced by genetic approaches

Abstract The combination of cytogenetic and molecular data with those traditionally obtained in areas like systematics and taxonomy created interesting perspectives for the analysis of natural populations under different aspects. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic differentiation among populations of the genus Hemiodontichthys Bleeker, 1862, through combined genetic techniques and included the analysis of populations sampled in the Araguaia River, Guamá River, Madeira River and two populations from the Purus River. Hemiodontichthys samples from the two localities in Purus River were also karyotyped in order to address the degree of chromosomal variation between populations. Through GMYC analysis of the COI tree, the patterns of genetic variation among local populations revealed to be higher than the ones found among distinct species from other genera of the subfamily Loricariinae, suggesting the existence of probable four cryptic species in this genus. The possible existence of a species complex in the genus is corroborated by the different cytogenetic patterns between Hemiodontichthys sp. 1 and sp. 2, revealing the necessity of a deep taxonomic review of the group.
Developmental assets in emerging adulthood—Systematic review

Characterizing emerging adulthood as a period of the life course has proven to be relevant in understanding development and intervention with a focus on a positive orientation in the life course trajectory. Characterized by individualization, this period implies that people are increasingly compelled to depend on their own resources to build their life course trajectory. Identifying which resources place the person on a positive developmental trajectory becomes more relevant. Within the field of the Positive Youth Development, the Developmental Assets® model specifically focuses on which resources, that is, which personal and contextual characteristics of emerging adults can favor a positive orientation in the trajectory of the life course. The objective of this investigation is to analyze the utilization of the Developmental Assets model in the emerging adult population. In the review process, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) protocol was applied. Research was conducted in July 2023 in electronic databases, namely: Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ERIC, PsycArticles, SciELO and B-on. In this review, 13 articles published between 1999 and 2023 were included. Results indicate diversity in adopted methods, both on conceptualization of the concept and its operationalization. Results of the analysis of studies included indicate the relevance of applying the Developmental Assets model in emerging adults and the importance of its exploration in future investigations. The utilization of the model in the population of emerging adults is suggested as a strategy focusing on a positive developmental trajectory.
Please Scroll down for Article Language Acquisition Priming of Abstract Logical Representations in 4-year-olds Priming of Abstract Logical Representations in 4-year-olds

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Though preschoolers in certain experimental contexts strongly prefer to interpret ambiguous sentences containing quantified NPs and negation on the basis of surface syntax (e.g., Musolino's 1998 " observation of isomorphism "), contextual manipulations can lead to more adult-like behavior. But is isomorphism a purely pragmatic phenomenon, as recently proposed? In Experiment 1, we begin by isolating the contextual factor responsible for children's improvement in Musolino & Lidz (2006). We then demonstrate in Experiment 2 that this factor can be used to prime inverse scope interpretations. To remove pragmatics from the equation to the extent possible, we show in Experiment 3 that the same effect can be achieved via semantic priming. Our results represent the first clear evidence for priming of the abstract logico-syntactic structures underlying these interpretations and, thus, highlight the importance of language processing alongside pragmatic reasoning during children's linguistic development.
Advanced algorithms for QuikScat and SeaWinds/AMSR

QuikScat is providing scientists and weather forecasters with an unprecedented view of ocean winds at a 25-km resolution. With a typical accuracy of 1 m/s in speed and 15/spl deg/ in direction, the retrieved wind vectors are being used for a number of important oceanographic and air/sea interaction studies. We present work on a QuikScat wind-vector retrieval algorithm that contains a number of advanced features, including: an updated geophysical model function (Ku-2001), a fully integrated stand-alone rain flag, and the capability to retrieve winds up to 70 m/s. In addition, the QuikScat data processing is done in parallel with our near-real-time operational data processing for SSM/I and TMI. In this way, an additional rain flag as well as a sea-ice flag (both based on the SSM/I and TMI observations) can be appended to the QuikScat wind vectors. We present results of two studies: (1) the capability for QuikScat to measure very high winds (>30 m/s) and (2) comparisons between scatterometer and radiometer wind speed retrievals (i.e. QuikScat versus TMI). These investigations are leading towards a combined SeaWinds-AMSR algorithm for ADEOS-2, which will ingest both scatterometer and radiometer observations to obtain more accurate wind vectors and sea-surface temperatures.
Digging in the “Soil” of the Aorta to Understand the Growth of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Extensive studies into the etiology of aortic aneurysm disease have focused on the characteristic and unique inflammatory infiltration and elaboration of products of inflammatory cells which can result in matrix degradation. While these changes clearly have a significant impact on the development of aneurysm disease, little attention has been paid to the changes in the parenchymal cells of the aorta. Under normal conditions, the vascular smooth muscle cells which populate the aortic wall are responsible for the maintenance of the matrix components of the media, particularly the elastic fibers. As our understanding of the mechanisms of aneurysm formation and normal arterial anatomy become more sophisticated, it is clear that specific changes to these smooth muscle cells make them active participants in the medial matrix destruction characteristic of aneurysm disease. As others have described for intimal arterial disease, this is the “soil” from which aortic aneurysms grow.
The Impact of Stock Market Development on Economic Growth a Case of Malaysia

The stock market is important among many financial markets. Stock Market Development is one of the enabling factors for Economic Growth. The recession crisis occurred a few times and badly affected Malaysia's Economic Growth (GDP) and Stock Market Development (SMD). Also, during the recent pandemic of COVID-19, there was a different reaction by investors and individuals overall towards the economy in Malaysia. There were inconsistent trends when the global recession in 2008 happened and COVID-19 started to spread in Malaysia for both SMD and GDP. This study aims to determine the relationship between SMD and GDP in Malaysia. Using Market Capitalization (MCAP) (as a proxy to (SMD)), Exchange Rate (EXC) and Trade Openness (TRADE) as independent variables and GDP as the dependent variable. Data from 1981 to 2020 is analyzed using Granger causality, and the ARDL method along with applying the Endogenous Growth theory. The findings of the ARDL long-run test suggested that SMD and TRADE have a positive and statistically insignificant relationship with GDP. EXC has a negative and statistically significant relationship with GDP. Granger causality test suggested a bidirectional relationship between EXC and TRADE with GDP. There is a unidirectional causality between SMD and GDP where GDP Granger causes SMD. To improve market regulation, The government should ensure the stock market is well-regulated and transparent, boost investor confidence, and increase market investment. Encouraging trade openness and exports can also help increase exchange rates and boost ringgit's demand.
Exploring Brain Transcriptomic Patterns: A Topological Analysis Using Spatial Expression Networks

Characterizing the transcriptome architecture of the human brain is fundamental in gaining an understanding of brain function and disease. A number of recent studies have investigated patterns of brain gene expression obtained from an extensive anatomical coverage across the entire human brain using experimental data generated by the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) project. In this paper, we propose a new representation of a gene's transcription activity that explicitly captures the pattern of spatial co-expression across different anatomical brain regions. For each gene, we define a Spatial Expression Network (SEN), a network quantifying co-expression patterns amongst several anatomical locations. Network similarity measures are then employed to quantify the topological resemblance between pairs of SENs and identify naturally occurring clusters. Using network-theoretical measures, three large clusters have been detected featuring distinct topological properties. We then evaluate whether topological diversity of the SENs reects significant differences in biological function through a gene ontology analysis. We report on evidence suggesting that one of the three SEN clusters consists of genes specifically involved in the nervous system, including genes related to brain disorders, while the remaining two clusters are representative of immunity, transcription and translation. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that brain gene clusters are generally associated with one of these three major biological processes.
What is the Minimal Set of Fragments that Achieves Maximal Parse Accuracy?

We aim at finding the minimal set of fragments which achieves maximal parse accuracy in Data Oriented Parsing. Experiments with the Penn Wall Street Journal treebank show that counts of almost arbitrary fragments within parse trees are important, leading to improved parse accuracy over previous models tested on this treebank (a precision of 90.8% and a recall of 90.6%). We isolate some dependency relations which previous models neglect but which contribute to higher parse accuracy.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Saudi Arabia and Gulf Countries: A Review

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are causing growing health problems worldwide. This is indicated by an increasing amount of scientific reports showing not only well-identified species reemerging but also emergence of new species. The emergence and reemergence of NTM are particularly worrying in developing countries due to scarce published data and improper identification. Here we aimed to examine the main epidemiological aspects and diagnostic challenges associated with NTM in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and compare these findings to the international arena findings. Data revealed that countries of the GCC are largely dominated by rapidly growing mycobacteria species such as M. fortuitum (29%) and M. abscessus (17%) with high rate of definitive respiratory diseases. On the other hand, most of the developed countries are dominated by slowly growing mycobacteria such as MAC, M. kansasii, and M. gordonae. More efforts are needed, however, to gain insights into NTM issues in countries of the GCC.
Intelligence and Cooperative Search by Coupled Local Minimizers

We show how coupling of local optimization processes can lead to better solutions than multistart local optimization consisting of independent runs. This is achieved by minimizing the average energy cost of the ensemble, subject to synchronization constraints between the state vectors of the individual local minimizers. From an augmented Lagrangian which incorporates the synchronization constraints both as soft and hard constraints, a network is derived wherein the local minimizers interact and exchange information through the synchronization constraints. From the viewpoint of neural networks, the array can be considered as a Lagrange programming network for continuous optimization and as a cellular neural network (CNN). The penalty weights associated with the soft state synchronization constraints follow from the solution to a linear program. This shows that the energy cost of the ensemble should maximally decrease. In this way successful local minimizers can implicitly impose their state to the others through a mechanism of master–slave dynamics resulting in a cooperative search mechanism. Improved information spreading within the ensemble is obtained by applying the concept of small-world networks. We illustrate the new optimization method on two different problems: supervized learning of multilayer perceptrons and optimization of Lennard–Jones clusters. The initial distribution of the local minimizers plays an important role. For the training of multilayer perceptrons this is related to the choice of the prior on the interconnection weights in Bayesian learning methods. Depending on the choice of this initial distribution, coupled local minimizers (CLM) can avoid overfitting and produce good generalization, i.e. reach a state of intelligence. In potential energy surface optimization of Lennard–Jones clusters, this choice is equally important. In this case it can be related to considering a confining potential. This work suggests, in an interdisciplinary context, the importance of information exchange and state synchronization within ensembles, towards issues such as evolution, collective behavior, optimality and intelligence.
The Boolean functions computed by random Boolean formulas or how to grow the right function

We characterize growth processes (probabilistic amplification) by their initial conditions to derive conditions under which results such as Valiant's J Algorithms 5 (1984), 363–366 hold. We completely characterize growth processes that use linear connectives and generalize Savický's Discrete Math 147 (1990), 95–103 analysis to characterize growth processes that use monotone connectives. Additionally, we obtain explicit bounds on the convergence rates of several growth processes, including the growth process studied in Savický. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2005
Secret key and private key constructions for simple multiterminal source models

This work is motivated by recent results of Csiszar and Narayan (IEEE Trans, on Inform. Theory, Dec. 2004), which highlight innate connections between secrecy generation by multiple terminals and multiterminal Slepian-Wolf near-lossless data compression (sans secrecy restrictions). We propose a new approach for constructing secret and private keys based on the long-known Slepian-Wolf code for sources connected by a virtual additive noise channel, due to Wyner (IEEE Trans, on Inform. Theory, Jan. 1974). Explicit procedures for such constructions, and their substantiation, are provided
Patterns of recurrent evolution and geographic parthenogenesis within apomictic polyploid Easter daises (Townsendia hookeri)

Geographic patterns of parthenogenesis and the number of transitions from sexual diploidy to asexual (apomictic) autopolyploidy were examined for 40 populations of the Easter daisy, Townsendia hookeri. Analyses of pollen diameter and stainability characterized 15 sexual diploid and 25 apomictic polyploid populations from throughout the plant's western North American range. Sexual diploids were restricted to two Wisconsin refugia: Colorado/Wyoming, south of the ice sheets, and northern Yukon/Beringia. Chloroplast DNA sequencing uncovered 17 polymorphisms within the ndhF gene and trnK intron, yielding 10 haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that five exclusively polyploid haplotypes were derived from four haplotypes that are shared among ploidies, conservatively inferring a minimum of four origins of apomictic polyploidy. Three of these apomictic polyploid origins were derived from southern sexual diploids, while the fourth origin was derived from northern sexual diploids. Analyses of regional diversity were suggestive of a formerly broad distribution for sexual diploids that has become subsequently fragmented, possibly due to the last round of glaciation. As sexual diploids were exclusively found north and south of the glacial maximum, while formerly glaciated areas were exclusively inhabited by asexual polyploids derived from both northern and southern sexual lineages, it is more likely that patterns of glaciation, as opposed to a particular latitudinal trend, played a causal role in the establishment of the observed pattern of geographic parthenogenesis in Easter daisies.
Determining Occurrence Dynamics when False Positives Occur: Estimating the Range Dynamics of Wolves from Public Survey Data

Large-scale presence-absence monitoring programs have great promise for many conservation applications. Their value can be limited by potential incorrect inferences owing to observational errors, especially when data are collected by the public. To combat this, previous analytical methods have focused on addressing non-detection from public survey data. Misclassification errors have received less attention but are also likely to be a common component of public surveys, as well as many other data types. We derive estimators for dynamic occupancy parameters (extinction and colonization), focusing on the case where certainty can be assumed for a subset of detections. We demonstrate how to simultaneously account for non-detection (false negatives) and misclassification (false positives) when estimating occurrence parameters for gray wolves in northern Montana from 2007–2010. Our primary data source for the analysis was observations by deer and elk hunters, reported as part of the state’s annual hunter survey. This data was supplemented with data from known locations of radio-collared wolves. We found that occupancy was relatively stable during the years of the study and wolves were largely restricted to the highest quality habitats in the study area. Transitions in the occupancy status of sites were rare, as occupied sites almost always remained occupied and unoccupied sites remained unoccupied. Failing to account for false positives led to over estimation of both the area inhabited by wolves and the frequency of turnover. The ability to properly account for both false negatives and false positives is an important step to improve inferences for conservation from large-scale public surveys. The approach we propose will improve our understanding of the status of wolf populations and is relevant to many other data types where false positives are a component of observations.
Linking Organizational Social Network Profiles

Many organizations possess social media accounts on different social networks, but these profiles are not always linked. End applications, users, as well as the organization themselves, can benefit when the profiles are appropriately identified and linked. Most existing works on social network entity linking focus on linking individuals, and do not model features specific for organizational linking. We address this gap not only to link official social media accounts but also to discover and solve the identification and linking of associated affiliate accounts -- such as geographical divisions and brands -- which are important to distinguish. We instantiate our method for classifying profiles on social network services for Twitter and Facebook, which major organizations use. We classify profiles as to whether they belong to an organization or its affiliates. Our best classifier achieves an accuracy of 0.976 on average in both datasets, significantly improving baselines that exploit the features used in state-of-the-art comparable user linkage strategies.
An fMRI investigation of expectation violation in magic tricks

Magic tricks violate the expected causal relationships that form an implicit belief system about what is possible in the world around us. Observing a magic effect seemingly invalidates our implicit assumptions about what action causes which outcome. We aimed at identifying the neural correlates of such expectation violations by contrasting 24 video clips of magic tricks with 24 control clips in which the expected action-outcome relationship is upheld. Using fMRI, we measured the brain activity of 25 normal volunteers while they watched the clips in the scanner. Additionally, we measured the professional magician who had performed the magic tricks under the assumption that, in contrast to naïve observers, the magician himself would not perceive his own magic tricks as an expectation violation. As the main effect of magic – control clips in the normal sample, we found higher activity for magic in the head of the caudate nucleus (CN) bilaterally, the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left anterior insula. As expected, the magician’s brain activity substantially differed from these results, with mainly parietal areas (supramarginal gyrus bilaterally) activated, supporting our hypothesis that he did not experience any expectation violation. These findings are in accordance with previous research that has implicated the head of the CN in processing changes in the contingency between action and outcome, even in the absence of reward or feedback.