Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Tics and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorder

The goal of this study was to examine the clinical significance of co-occurring tics and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as indicators of a more complex symptomatology in children with and without pervasive developmental disorder. Parents and teachers completed a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV —referenced rating scale for 3- to 5- (n = 182/135) and 6- to 12- (n = 301/191) year-old children with pervasive developmental disorder and clinic controls, respectively. The percentage of children with tic behaviors varied with age: preschoolers (25%, 44%) versus elementary schoolchildren (60%, 66%) (parent and teacher ratings, respectively). For many psychiatric symptoms, screening prevalence rates were highest for the ADHD + tics group and lowest for the group with symptoms of neither, but the pattern of group differences varied by age group and informant. In general, there were few differences between the ADHD only and tics only groups. The pattern of ADHD/tic group differences was similar for both children with and without pervasive developmental disorder. We concluded that these findings support the notion that the co-occurrence of ADHD and tics is an indicator of a more complex psychiatric symptomatology in children with pervasive developmental disorder. (J Child Neurol 2005;20:481—488).
Longitudinal studies of Giardia contamination in two community drinking water supplies: cyst levels, parasite viability, and health impact

Giardia cyst concentrations were determined in an inventory of 153 raw and 91 chlorinated drinking water samples collected at 86 sites from throughout the western Canadian province of British Columbia. Sixty-four percent of raw water samples were cyst positive (69% of sites). Cyst concentrations were lower in chlorinated than in raw water. The viability of cysts in drinking water samples assessed by infectivity in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) was decreased in chlorinated water. Two rural communities using Giardia-contaminated surface drinking water sources were selected for longitudinal studies including drinking water testing and serological studies of residents. Three hundred thirty-six raw and treated samples from these communities were collected over 24 months. Cyst concentrations and viability were assessed in a 12-month study of each community. Parasite concentrations were lower in chlorinated water than in raw water in both communities. Cyst concentrations were lower in reservoir-settled water than in raw water. Viability, assessed by animal infectivity and corrected for inoculum, decreased following reservoir settling as well as after chlorination. A bolus or spiking phenomenon of cysts was observed in both community drinking water systems and deserves further study. A striking seasonal pattern was seen in one community but not in the second. The seroprevalence data and number of laboratory-confirmed cases identified in each year-long community study are consistent with the possibility that low-level endemic transmission is occurring.
Bubble Rap: Forwarding in small world DTNs in ever decreasing circles

In this paper we seek to improve understanding of the structure of human mobility, and to use this in the design of forwarding algorithms for Delay Tolerant Networks for the dissemination of data amongst mobile users. Cooperation binds but also divides human society into communities. Members of the same community interact with each other preferentially. There is structure in human society. Within society and its communities, individuals have varying popularity. Some people are more popular and interact with more people than others; we may call them hubs. Popularity ranking is one facet of the population. In many physical networks, some nodes are more highly connected to each other than to the rest of the network. The set of such nodes are usually called clusters, communities, cohesive groups or modules. There is structure to social networking. Different metrics can be used such as information flow, Freeman betweenness, closeness and inference power, but for all of them, each node in the network can be assigned a global centrality value. What can be inferred about individual popularity, and the structure of human society from measurements within a network? How can the local and global characteristics of the network be used practically for information dissemination? We present and evaluate a sequence of designs for forwarding algorithms for Pocket Switched Networks, culminating in Bubble, which exploit increasing levels of information about mobility and interaction.
Statistical State Dynamics: A New Perspective on Turbulence in Shear Flow

Traditionally, single realizations of the turbulent state have been the object of study in shear flow turbulence. When a statistical quantity was needed it was obtained from a spatial, temporal or ensemble average of sample realizations of the turbulence. However, there are important advantages to studying the dynamics of the statistical state (the SSD) directly. In highly chaotic systems statistical quantities are often the most useful and the advantage of obtaining these statistics directly from a state variable is obvious. Moreover, quantities such as the probability density function (pdf) are often difficult to obtain accurately by sampling state trajectories even if the pdf is stationary. In the event that the pdf is time dependent, solving directly for the pdf as a state variable is the only alternative. However, perhaps the greatest advantage of the SSD approach is conceptual: adopting this perspective reveals directly the essential cooperative mechanisms among the disparate spatial and temporal scales that underly the turbulent state. While these cooperative mechanisms have distinct manifestation in the dynamics of realizations of turbulence both these cooperative mechanisms and the phenomena associated with them are not amenable to analysis directly through study of realizations as they are through the study of the associated SSD. In this review a selection of example problems in the turbulence of planetary and laboratory flows is examined using recently developed SSD analysis methods in order to illustrate the utility of this approach to the study of turbulence in shear flow.
Proteomics identification of novel fibrinogen-binding proteins of Streptococcus suis contributing to antiphagocytosis

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) induced sepsis and meningitis are often accompanied by bacteremia. However, the mechanism whereby it helps S. suis to evade PMN-mediated phagocytosis remain unclear. Because of the central roles of bacteria-human fibrinogen (hFg) interaction in innate immunity, here, a proteomics based Far-western blotting (PBFWB) was developed to identify the fibrinogen-binding surface proteins of S. suis (SsFBPs) on a large-scale. And then thirteen potential SsFBPs were identified by PBFWB and we selected seven potential surface proteins to further confirm their binding ability to hFg, of which the gene mutant strains of MRP displayed significantly decrease in binding to immobilized hFg. Additionally, the polyclonal antibodies against Enolase were found to significantly inhibit the binding of SS2 to hFg. Strikingly, MRP and Enolase were found to improve the antiphagocytic ability of SS2 to PMNs by interacting with hFg and enhance the survival of SS2 in human blood. Taken together, the PBFWB method provides useful clues to the bacteria-host interactions. These studies firstly disclose MRP and Enolase were involved in immune evasion of SS2 at least in part by binding to Fg, which make them potential targets for therapies for SS2 infection.
Shoaling of Periodic Waves Over Barred-Beaches In a Fully Nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank

A numerical wave tank based on fully nonlinear potential flow theory is used to calculate changes in local properties of periodic waves shoaling over barred-beaches (wave height, celerity, front-to-back asymmetry). Results show that strongly nonlinear wave decomposition phenomena occur in a modulation region beyond the bars. These are analyzed in detail and discussed in the paper. Received December 7, 1998; revised manuscript received by the editors May 7, 1999. The original version (prior to the final revised manuscript) was presented at the Eighth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-98), Montréal, Canada, May 2429, 1998.
Balancing fatherhood: Experiences of fatherhood among men with a difficult past

This paper analyses how men who were delinquent as adolescents experience themselves as fathers. The men who took part in a longitudinal study, all in their 40s, had severe adjustment problems as teenagers, and thus have a past that causes uncertainty about their parenting abilities in the present. The paper analyses the men’s affective investments in their ways of being fathers. Four analytical categories that address the men’s fathering experiences were identified as significant in the interviews. First unsettling relations and distance from their own children, which for many of the men appeared as a recurring pattern that resembled the relationships they had with their own parents. Second, several men emphasised capacities such as personal traits or strength that made them able to make a break with the past. Third, the importance of support from others was also recognised, particularly being able to share parenthood with the children’s mother and for some, receiving help from child welfare services. Fourth, a key finding is that all the men, independent of whether they live with their children or not, experience a fragile point of balance, that is, incidents such as a relapse into drug abuse or a break in their relationship with the other parent strongly affect their relationships with their children. The difficulties these men experienced as youth intersect with their experiences of their own capacities as fathers in the present.
Understanding Uncertainty Shocks and the Role of Black Swans

Economic uncertainty is a powerful force in the modern economy. Research shows that surges in uncertainty can trigger business cycles, bank runs and asset price fluctuations. But where do sudden surges in uncertainty come from? This paper provides a data-disciplined theory of belief formation that explains large fluctuations in uncertainty. It argues that people do not know the true distribution of macroeconomic outcomes. Like Bayesian econometricians, they estimate a distribution. Our main contribution is to explain why real-time estimation of distributions with non-normal tails results in large uncertainty fluctuations. We use theory and data to show how small changes in estimated skewness whip around probabilities of unobserved tail events (black swans). Our estimates, based on real-time GDP data, reveal that revisions in the estimates of black swan risk explain most of the fluctuations in uncertainty.
Sport tourism event impacts on the host community – a case study of Red Bull Big Wave Africa

The focus of this article is on the management and social impacts of sport tourism events on the host community. This article specifically evaluates the Red Bull Big Wave Africa (RBBWA) event as a case study. Of cognisance is the host community\'s involvement, perceptions, attitudes and an understanding of costs and benefits linked to the event, at the same time providing a critical view on the management aspects of the event and impacts evident from the host community\'s point of view. Survey questionnaires, interviews and direct observations were carried out as methods of obtaining data. Altogether 200 residents, two community leaders and one organiser took part in the investigation. The results indicated the event has entertainment value; provides economic benefits in particular for local businesses; promotes community pride and act as regional showcase. On the other hand, the analysis indicated the event as causing minimal disruption to local residents including use of public facilities, mainly for residents in close proximity to the event. In addition, negative environmental impacts and social inequalities became evident. The article reflects a strong link between management and impact of events as a measure to maximise the positive impacts and minimise the negative impacts. Keywords : Event Impacts; Sport tourism events; Host community. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 30 (2) 2008: pp. 79-93
Toward a model of grammaticality judgments1

This paper presents three experiments that investigate the relationship between gradient and binary judgments of grammaticality. In the first two experiments, two different groups of participants judged sentences by the method of magnitude estimation and by the method of speeded grammaticality judgments in a single session. The two experiments involved identical sentence materials but they differed in the order in which the two procedures were applied. The results show a high correlation between the magnitude estimation data and the speeded grammaticality judgments data, both within a session and across the two sessions. The third experiment was a questionnaire study in which participants judged the same sentences as either grammatical or ungrammatical without time pressure. This experiment yielded results quite similar to those of the other two experiments. Thus gradient and binary judgments both provide valuable and reliable sources for linguistic theory when assessed in an experimentally controlled way. We present a model based on Signal Detection Theory which specifies how gradient grammaticality scores are mapped to binary grammaticality judgments. Finally, we compare our experimental results to existing corpus data in order to inquire into the relationship between grammaticality and frequency of usage.
Combining multilevel analysis with national value‐added data sets—a case study to explore the effects of school diversity

The advent of large-scale matched data sets, linking pupils' attainment across key stages, gives new opportunities to explore the effects of school organisational factors on pupil performance. Combined with currently available sophisticated and efficient software for multilevel analysis, it offers educational researchers the chance to develop objective evidence about issues both old and new. Previously reported research, based on separate data sets from Key Stage 2 1997 to Key Stage 3 2000 and Key Stage 3 1998 to General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) 2000, focused on the impact of selective, specialist and faith schools. We now have access to a national data set with 380,000 pupils' Key Stage 2 levels in 1996 matched to their GCSE performance in 2001, and this has enabled us to rework these analyses based on value-added results across all five years of secondary education. Results of the analysis largely confirmed the findings of previous work, in terms of the apparent impacts of different school types on pupils' progress. The article emphasises the important contribution that the marriage of national matched data sets and multilevel modelling will continue to make to educational research.
Towards a multilingual prosody model for text-to-speech

The generation of prosodic parameters such as F0 contour, duration and intensity still remains an important issue for naturally-sounding text-to-speech (TTS), although recently developed TTS systems have achieved a considerable progress. Several appropriate but language-specific rule-based, statistical or data-driven prosody models have been successfully realized in many systems. The language and parameter dependent models lead to a more complex and inefficient TTS system design. In earlier works the authors proposed a hybrid data-driven and rule-based model, which can adjust different voices or speaking styles by learning and predicting prosodic parameters. The current paper discusses the multilingual model generalization and the design of appropriate prosodic databases. Exemplary, two different languages: German and Mandarin Chinese are examined. Prediction results and perceptual evaluation with respect to F0 contours and duration values are presented. Since the perceptual results of both languages are comparable and quite satisfying, the model is qualified for the multilingual prosody control. Resynthesis stimuli obtained from modified prosodic parameters partly achieve near-to-natural mean opinion scores (MOS) above 4.0. The introduced hybrid data-driven and rule-based model is comparatively simple and enables a multilingual prosody control in TTS.
Emotional intelligence and caring behaviour in nursing

The research reported in this paper relates six dimensions of nurses' emotional intelligence (EI) with two dimensions of their caring behaviours. One hundred and twenty nurses self-reported their EI, and three patients of each one described their caring behaviours. The main findings are: (a) nurses' EI explains a significant but low unique variance of caring behaviours; (b) self-encouragement and self-control against criticisms are the best predictors; (c) high empathy can have positive or negative impact on caring behaviours depending on the way it combines with other EI dimensions.
CHIP-Hsc70 Complex Ubiquitinates Phosphorylated Tau and Enhances Cell Survival*

The microtubule-binding protein tau has been implicated in the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Within affected cells, ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated tau assembles into massive filamentous polymers. Eventually these tangle-bearing neurons die. The formation of neurofibrillary tangles closely parallels the progression and anatomic distribution of neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that these lesions play a role in the disease pathogenesis. Mutations in the human tau gene cause autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders. These and other neurodegenerative conditions are also characterized by extensive neurofibrillary pathology. The mechanisms underlying tau-mediated neurotoxicity remain unclear; however, phosphorylated tau is a strong candidate for a toxic molecule, particularly those isoforms phosphorylated by the kinases glycogen synthase kinase 3β and Cdk5. Here we show that Alzheimer tau binds to Hsc70, and its phosphorylation is a recognition requirement for the addition of ubiquitin (Ub) by the E3 Ub ligase CHIP (carboxyl terminus of the Hsc70-interacting protein) and the E2 conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. Other E3 Ub ligases including parkin and Cbl failed to ubiquitinate phosphorylated tau. CHIP could rescue phosphorylated tau-induced cell death, and therefore the CHIP-Hsc70 complex may provide a new therapeutic target for the tauopathies.
Attachment as a motivational construct: I've seen these patterns before …

of the original article: Noam Chomsky and other linguists and psychologists have suggested that human linguistic behavior is somehow governed by a mental representation of a transformational grammar. Challenges to this controversial claim have often been met by invoking an explicitly computational perspective: It makes perfect sense to suppose that a grammar could be represented in the memory of a computational device and that this grammar could govern the device's use of a language. This paper urges, however, that the claim that humans are such a device is unsupported and that it seems unlikely that linguists and psychologists really want to claim any such thing. Evidence for the linguists' original claim is drawn from three main sources: the explanation of language comprehension and other linguistic abilities; evidence for formal properties of the rules of the grammar; and the explanation of language acquisition. It is argued in this paper that none of these sources provides support for the view that the grammar governs language processing in something like the way a program governs the operation of a programmed machine. The computational approach, on the contrary, suggests ways in which linguistic abilities can be explained without the attribution of any explicit representation of rules governing linguistic behavior. Language processing and computer programs
Conduct after Epley's maneuver in elderly with posterior canal BPPV in the posterior canal

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder, especially in the elderly and presents as the predominant etiology in this population of the degeneration of the utricular macula. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of the approaches after Epley maneuver. Study Design: longitudinal cohort. Materials and Methods: The study included 53 volunteers with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal, divided into Group 1, who underwent Epley maneuver associated with the use of neck collar and post-maneuver instructions, Group 2 underwent the Epley maneuver without the use cervical collar and/or post-maneuver restrictions, and Group 3 underwent the Epley maneuver associated with the use of a mini vibrator, without the use of neck collar and/or post-maneuver restrictions. Results: In the three groups, the number of Epley maneuvers ranged from one to three. We employed the Brazilian Dizziness Handicap Inventory – pre-and post-treatment and observed a statistically significant difference on most scores pre-and post-treatment for both groups. Conclusion: Regardless of the post Epley maneuver treatment selected for the treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, it was effective when comparing the Brazilian Dizziness Handicap Inventory pre-and post-treatment.
The Role of Symmetry in Pattern Reproduction by Zambian Children

Twenty-four Zambian schoolchildren (mean age 11. 8) were required to reconstruct simple geometrical dot patterns which were exposed for as long as the Ss desired, but the reproduction of which could only begin ten seconds after the Ss' inspection. As many inspec tion periods as the Ss felt necessary were allowed. Five types of stimuli were used: symmetrical about the vertical axis, symmetrical about the horizontal axis, vertically repeated, horizontally repeated, and random. The only significant difference found was that in number of errors between the symmetrical about the vertical axis and vertic ally repeated stimuli. It is argued that the results obtained probably do not differ qualitatively from those obtained in studies in Western cultures.
Classroom as Real World: Propositions for a pedagogy of difference

The article develops a proposal for learning from the differences that can be present in the milieu of postgraduate programmes that are based on a participative design. Drawing on illustrations of students' and tutors' experience of difference, the idea of 'classroom as real world' is offered as the basis of understanding differences and responses to them which could be applied in the wider, and arguably more significant, social context. The authors also explore tensions which tutors are likely to have to engage with if incorporating a pedagogy of difference into their practice. These tensions are between tendencies to conformity or fragmentation, and between participative ideals and incipient hierarchy, not least as implicated in their role.