Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do educational outcomes correspond with the requirements of nursing practice: educators' and managers' assessments of novice nurses' professional competence

Objective This study evaluated weather educational outcomes of nurse education meet the requirements of nursing practice by exploring the correspondence between nurse educators' and nurse managers' assessments of novice nurses' professional competence. The purpose was to find competence areas contributing to the acknowledged practice–theory gap. Design A cross-sectional, comparative design using the Nurse Competence Scale was applied. Subjects The sample comprised nurse educators (n = 86) and nurse managers (n = 141). Methods Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the data analysis. Main outcome measures Educators assessed novice nurses' competence to a significantly higher level than managers in all competence areas (p < 0.001). The biggest correspondence between educators' and mangers' assessments were in competencies related to immediate patient care, commitment to ethical values, maintaining professional skills and nurses' care of the self. The biggest differences were in competencies related to developmental and evaluation tasks, coaching activities, use of evidence-based knowledge and in activities which required mastering a comprehensive view of care situations. However, differences between educators' and managers' assessments were strongly associated with their age and work experience. Active and improved collaboration should be focused on areas in which the differences between educators' and managers' assessments greatly differ in ensuring novice nurses′ fitness for practice.
Cohabiting family members share microbiota with one another and with their dogs

Human-associated microbial communities vary across individuals: possible contributing factors include (genetic) relatedness, diet, and age. However, our surroundings, including individuals with whom we interact, also likely shape our microbial communities. To quantify this microbial exchange, we surveyed fecal, oral, and skin microbiota from 60 families (spousal units with children, dogs, both, or neither). Household members, particularly couples, shared more of their microbiota than individuals from different households, with stronger effects of co-habitation on skin than oral or fecal microbiota. Dog ownership significantly increased the shared skin microbiota in cohabiting adults, and dog-owning adults shared more ‘skin’ microbiota with their own dogs than with other dogs. Although the degree to which these shared microbes have a true niche on the human body, vs transient detection after direct contact, is unknown, these results suggest that direct and frequent contact with our cohabitants may significantly shape the composition of our microbial communities. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00458. 001
Prevention of RhD Alloimmunization: A Comparison of Four National Guidelines

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to compare national guidelines on the prevention of RhD alloimmunization. Study Design We performed a review of four national guidelines on prevention of alloimmunization from the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, and The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. We compared the indications/contraindications, timing, dosing, formulation and route of anti-D immune globulin, and management of unique circumstances. The references were compared with regard to the number of randomized control trials, Cochrane Reviews, and systematic reviews/meta-analyses cited. Results Variation exists in recommendations on the timing and need for consent prior to routine antenatal anti-D immune globulin administration, prophylaxis for unique circumstances (e.g., threatened abortion < 12 weeks, complete molar pregnancy), and the use of cell-free fetal DNA testing for fetal RhD genotype. Conclusion These variations in recommendations reflect the heterogeneity of the literature on the prevention of alloimmunization and highlight the need for synthesis of evidence to create an international guideline on prevention of alloimmunization. This may improve safety, quality, optimize outcomes, and stimulate future trials.
Analysis of Familial and Individual Risk Factors Among Patients with Ischemic Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

The purpose of this study was to determine relative contributions of first- degree familial and individual risk factors to clinical manifestations of two ma jor age-related dementias. The authors interviewed 183 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and 137 patients with ischemic vascular dementia (IVD) together with family members and caregivers. Information was also obtained from medical records and collateral sources as required. Risk factor data within a predictive model for differentiating the two dementias were evaluated. There was a greater incidence of family history of degenerative and dement ing neurologic disorders in DAT than in IVD. Both groups were equivalent for family histories of cerebrovascular disease. Despite familial equivalence, pa tients with IVD had a greater individual incidence of risk factors for cerebro vascular disease. Analysis by gender revealed three observations. Among DAT patients, family history for degenerative and dementing neurologic disorders proved to be significantly greater among women than among men. This risk factor did not, however, predict individual diagnoses for DAT. Women with IVD were more likely to have a family history of cancer than men. Multiple regres sion analyses revealed that reduced educational levels in women predicted greater liability for IVD than for DAT. Hypertension, heart disease, and diabe tes mellitus were all risk factors for IVD, but not for DAT. Conclusions: Individual and familial historical data provide useful informa tion concerning identification, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatments for vascular dementia but little predictive information for identifying patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Multiple tactile maps in the human cerebellum

Functional imaging studies of the cerebellum have mostly investigated motor performance or have been limited to the anterior lobe and therefore the somatosensory representations in the human cerebellum have not been fully demonstrated. We used fMRI of the entire cerebellum during tactile stimulation of the hand and foot in six normal subjects. Our results demonstrate that the tactile projections to the cerebellum in humans are represented in both the anterior and posterior lobes. in agreement with previous functional imaging studies, our results show a large-scale, between-limb somatotopy comparable to that shown in early animal studies.
Capacity of Large-Scale Wireless Networks Under Jamming: Modeling and Analyses

Distributed jamming has important applications not only in the military context but also in the civilian context, where spectrum sharing is increasingly used and inadvertent jamming becomes a reality. In this paper, we derive the capacity bounds of wireless networks in the presence of jamming. We show that when the density of jammers is higher than that of target nodes by a certain threshold, the capacity of wireless networks approaches zero as the numbers of target nodes and jammers go to infinity. This is true even when the total power of target nodes is much higher than that of the jammers. We provide the optimal communication schemes to achieve the capacity bounds. We also describe the power efficiency of wireless networks, showing that there is an optimal target node density for power-efficient network operation. Our results can provide guidance for designing optimal wireless networking protocols that have to deal with large-scale distributed jamming.
"Resistance of Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolans Blended Cement Mortars and Concrete to Carbonation, Sulfate Attack and Chloride Ion Penetration"

The durability of five mortar and concrete mixtures was investigated in this study. A normal portland cement and four blended cements incorporating different pozzolanic materials, two natural pozzolanas and two lignite fly ashes, were used. The properties measured were compressive strength development, sulfate and chloride resistance as well as the carbonation depth. The results available until the age of 1.5 years show that the replacement of normal portland cement by a pozzolanic material usually has beneficial effects on cement's durability, especially when the sulfate resistance of mixtures is of primary interest. The carbonation depth of the pozzolanic mixtures was greater than the control's at all ages up to 1.5 years. Among the four pozzolanic materials examined, the treated lignite fly ash from Ptolemaida gave the best performance in all the tests.
Photodissociation of organic molecules in star-forming regions

The presence of methyl alcohol or methanol (CH3OH) in several astrophysical environments has been characterized by its high abundance that depends on both the production rate and the destruction rate. In the present work, the photoionization and photodissociation processes of methanol have been experimentally studied, employing soft X-ray photons (100-310 eV) from a toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) beamline of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Mass spectra were obtained using the photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) method. Kinetic energy distribution and abundances for each ionic fragment have been obtained from the analysis of the corresponding peak shapes in the mass spectra. Absolute photoionization and photodissociation cross sections were also determined. We have found, among the channels leading to ion- ization, about 11-16% of CH3OH survive the soft X-rays photons. This behavior, together with an effi cient formation pathways, may be associated with the high column density observed in star-forming regions. The three main photodissociation pathways are represented by COH + (or HCO + ) ion release (with ejection of H2 + H), the dissociation via C-O bond rupture (with strong charge retention preferentially on the methyl fragment) and the ejection of a single energetic (2-4 eV) proton. Since methanol is very abundant in star forming regions, the produced protons could be an alternative route to molecular hydrogenation or a trigger for secondary dissociation processes or even to promote extra heating of the environment.
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Photoactive Nanomaterials

Abstract : In the production of some devices, novel micro fabrications techniques are important, where the goal is compatibility with the system, convenience, and cost rather than high resolution. Electron beam and photolithography techniques are common fabrication techniques used in the semiconductor industry. Even though these techniques are common, they are high cost and not compatible with many substrates. This dissertation work explores a versatile and cost effective novel technique to fabricate fluorescent active micron scale Laser Induced Structures (LIS). The optimization of the instrumental parameters and the mechanisms involved in structure formation are given, the photo-physical characterization of the LIS and a photoactive film used in solar cells is reported. Here silver nanoparticles were synthesized through a wet chemical process, concentrated and drop cast as films onto different substrates. The drop cast films were air dried and subjected to 532nm continuous wave laser irradiation to generate structures in the film. A silver nanoparticle-polymer coating formulation was also explored for structure formation and critical instrumental parameters were studied. A mechanism is proven, similar to Liquid Melt Ejection (LME), to explain the structure formation. Thermo gravimetric analysis was performed to characterize the thermal decomposition of silver nanoparticle-citrate films. In a related study, photoactive film (made out of SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy phosphor material) for solar cells was photo-physically characterized to understand its emission mechanism and was investigated against the backdrop of its effect on photovoltaic cell efficiency. A number of novel results were obtained in this work. One unexpected result relates to the structure being fluorescent active at the edges: a physical and chemical change of the material near the peak laser intensity occurred. This was attributed to light absorption and heating of the silver nanoparticles.
Bayesian reconstruction of two‐sex populations by age: estimating sex ratios at birth and sex ratios of mortality

The original version of Bayesian reconstruction, which is a method for estimating age‐specific fertility, mortality, migration and population counts of the recent past with uncertainty, produced estimates for female‐only populations. Here we show how two‐sex populations can be similarly reconstructed and probabilistic estimates of various sex ratio quantities obtained. We demonstrate the method by reconstructing the populations of India from 1971 to 2001, Thailand from 1960 to 2000 and Laos from 1985 to 2005. We found evidence that, in India, the sex ratio at birth exceeded its conventional upper limit of 1.06, and, further, increased over the period of study, with posterior probability above 0.9. In addition, almost uniquely, we found evidence that life expectancy at birth, e0 , was lower for females than for males in India (posterior probability for 1971–1976 equal to 0.79), although there was strong evidence for a reversal of the gap through to 2001. In both Thailand and Laos, we found strong evidence for the more usual result that e0 was greater for females and, in Thailand, that the difference increased over the period of study.
Chronic psychological stress activates BMP4-dependent extramedullary erythropoiesis

Psychological stress affects different physiological processes including haematopoiesis. However, erythropoietic effects of chronic psychological stress remain largely unknown. The adult spleen contains a distinct microenvironment favourable for rapid expansion of erythroid progenitors in response to stressful stimuli, and emerging evidence suggests that inappropriate activation of stress erythropoiesis may predispose to leukaemic transformation. We used a mouse model to study the influence of chronic psychological stress on erythropoiesis in the spleen and to investigate potential mediators of observed effects. Adult mice were subjected to 2 hrs daily restraint stress for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Our results showed that chronic exposure to restraint stress decreased the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, elevated circulating levels of erythropoietin and corticosterone, and resulted in markedly increased number of erythroid progenitors and precursors in the spleen. Western blot analysis revealed significantly decreased expression of both erythropoietin receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the spleen of restrained mice. Furthermore, chronic stress enhanced the expression of stem cell factor receptor in the red pulp. Moreover, chronically stressed animals exhibited significantly increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in the red pulp as well as substantially enhanced mRNA expression levels of its receptors in the spleen. These findings demonstrate for the first time that chronic psychological stress activates BMP4‐dependent extramedullary erythropoiesis and leads to the prolonged activation of stress erythropoiesis pathways. Prolonged activation of these pathways along with an excessive production of immature erythroid cells may predispose chronically stressed subjects to a higher risk of leukaemic transformation.
The effect of ischaemic region shape on st potentials using a half-ellipsoid model of the left ventricle

Extracellular epicardial potential distributions (EPDs) were obtained using a half-ellipsoidal model of the left ventricle for three separate ischaemic geometries (rectangular, cylindrical and semi-ellipsoidal). The transient bidomain equations were numerically solved using a finite volume method for the spatial discretisation and a semi-implicit method for the time integration. Anisotropic conductivities, based on measured values, along with linear fibre rotation, were used throughout the myocardium. Ischaemia was included by taking into account three of the main physiological cellular consequences, including hyperkalaemia, acidosis and anoxia. Results showed that, at low thicknesses of ischaemia (<;40%), a single depression was found on the EPDs for all ischaemic geometries, located above the border of the ischaemic region. As the ischaemic thickness was increased beyond 40%, areas of elevation and depression were apparent on the epicardium for rectangular and cylindrical ischaemic geometries. Elevation was not noticed for the ellipsoidal ischaemic geometry until the ischaemic thickness reached 50%. As the ischaemia became transmural, the EPDs for all three ischaemic geometries were quite similar, with an area of elevation located directly over the ischaemic region, surrounded by depression.
Association Both Inside and Outside the Hospital : A Consensus Statement From the American Heart Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality : Improving Cardiac Resuscitation Outcomes

Farhan Bhanji, Benjamin S. Abella, Monica E. Kleinman, Dana P. Edelson, Robert A. Berg, Peter A. Meaney, Bentley J. Bobrow, Mary E. Mancini, Jim Christenson, Allan R. de Caen, Association Both Inside and Outside the Hospital: A Consensus Statement From the American Heart Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: Improving Cardiac Resuscitation Outcomes Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829d8654 2013;128:417-435; originally published online June 25, 2013; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/128/4/417 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/128/8/e120.full. pdf An erratum has been published regarding this article. Please see the attached page for:
The Role of Management Accounting Systems In Advanced Manufacturing Environment

The escalating complexity and competitiveness in the market place require firms to constantly review and modify their strategy and the way they operate in order to survive and sustain their market positions. For manufacturing firms, adoption of more advanced manufacturing techniques is necessary for these firms to remain competitive and achieve the desired performance. In this advanced environment, timely access to relevant information including management accounting systems (MAS) is critical for effective decision making. The information provided by traditional MAS is claimed to be obsolete and unable to help firms to compete in the condition of intense competition and thus should be modified to suit the changing information needs of managers in advanced manufacturing environment. In this environment, managers would require broader sets of information to make effective and faster decisions. This study examines the role of MAS information in the relationship between Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) and performance, specifically whether MAS mediates the relationship. Data were gathered from a mail questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews with manufacturing firms listed in the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) Directory 2009. The results of both survey and interviews reveal that the relationship between AMT and performance is indirect through MAS. This provides evidence that the use of MAS information in advanced manufacturing environment facilitates firms in improving organisational performance.
Interactive Assistance to Human Translators using Statistical Machine Translation Methods

We investigate novel types of assistance for human translators, based on statistical machine translation methods. We developed Caitra, a tool that makes suggestions for sentence completion, shows word and phrase translation options, and allows post-editing of machine translation output. A user study validates the types of assistance and provides insight into the human translation process.
Increased serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide in severely injured patients: An indicator of fibrosing activity?

ObjectivesTo determine the serum concentrations of procollagen type in peptide in severely injured patients with different outcomes and to evaluate the relationship between serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations, sources of increased posttraumatic fibrotic activity (wounds, lung, liver, kidney), and decreased elimination of procollagen type III peptide (liver). DesignProspective study. SettingSurgical ICU, university hospital. PatientsFifty-seven patients (mean injury severity score: 38.5 points, range 13 to 75 points), between 16 and 70 yrs of age, treated in our institution within 6 hrs after the accident. MeasurementsSerial measurements were started on admission and continued on a 6-hr basis. After 48 hrs, the monitoring interval was extended to 24 hrs until recovery (but at least until day 14) or death. At each point of evaluation, pulmonary and circulatory function parameters and chest radiographs (once a day) were evaluated, the results were recorded, and blood samples were drawn to determine procollagen type III peptide, total bilirubin, creatinine, γ-glutamyl transferase, polymorphonuclear elastase, and other parameters. Statistic evaluation was done with the Wilcoxon test, Spearman rank correlation, and a multiple regression model. ResultsMean procollagen type m peptide serum concentrations (± sd) were significantly different in patients who died (8.0 ± 3.8 U/mL) compared with those patients who survived with organ failure (2.7 ± 1.3 U/mL) or without complications (1.4 ± 0.5 U/mL), respectively. Significant correlations of procollagen type HI peptide concentrations with the serum bilirubin concentrations (r = .7), days with need of mechanical ventilation (r = .64), Pao2/Fio2 ratio (r = -.6), polymorphonuclear elastase (r = .6), serum creatinine concentrations (r = .55), and injury severity score (r = .33) were observed. There was a tendency toward higher serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in patients with severe skeletal injuries. ConclusionsSerum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in severely injured patients may be considerably increased in correlation with injury severity and outcome. Procollagen type III peptide serum concentrations seem to reflect the sum of increased collagen formation from wound healing and fibrogenesis of mediator-related organ damage (especially lung) and decreased procollagen type HI peptide excretion due to impaired liver function. Further data are necessary to evaluate the role of hepatic elimination in these patients. (Crit Care Med 1993; 21:240–247)
Optimization of penicillin G production by Penicillium chrysogenum

Microorganisms are a source of many biotechnological products in modern world. Antibiotics are one of the secondary metabolites produced by some fungi and bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for penicillin production and extraction from the Penicillium chrysogenum culture filtrates. Two isolates of the fungus were subjected to experiments. Metabolites were detected using TLC and HPLC compared with the penicillin G standard . It was found that, maximum production of penicillin in broth culture media was the interval of 8-6 days after inoculation. Optimal culture conditions was the presence of 3 g yeast extract, 21 g of sucrose per liter ,the optimal temperature conditions between 28-25 ° C with 120 rpm of the Shaker movement. No meaningful differences were observed between two tested isolates.