Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity of student ratings of instruction : what we know and what we do not

We argue that the multisection validation design is the strongest design for addressing the degree to which student ratings predict teacher-produced learning. Results of several dozen multisection validity studies appear inconsistent. Unfortunately, prior quantitative reviews did not answer questions about the diversity of findings. The authors explore sensitivity of the prior analyses to identify true explanatory characteristics, generalizability of the findings across dimensions of teaching, and adequacy of the analyses to identify potential explanatory characteristics
Specification and regionalisation of the neural plate border

During early vertebrate development, the embryonic ectoderm becomes subdivided into neural, neural plate border (border) and epidermal regions. The nervous system is derived from the neural and border domains which, respectively, give rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems. To better understand the functional nervous system we need to know how individual neurons are specified and connected. Our understanding of the early development of the peripheral nervous system has been lagging compared to knowledge regarding central nervous system and epidermal cell lineage decision. Recent advances have shown when and how the specification of border cells is initiated. One important insight is that border specification is already initiated at blastula stages, and can be molecularly and temporally distinguished from rostrocaudal regionalisation of the border. From findings in several species, it is clear that Wnt, Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Fibroblast Growth Factor signals play important roles during the specification and regionalisation of the border. In this review, we highlight the individual roles of these signals and compare models of border specification, including a new model that describes how temporal coordination and epistatic interactions of extracellular signals result in the specification and regionalisation of border cells.
A role for cofilin and LIM kinase in Listeria-induced phagocytosis

The pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is able to invade nonphagocytic cells, an essential feature for its pathogenicity. This induced phagocytosis process requires tightly regulated steps of actin polymerization and depolymerization. Here, we investigated how interactions of the invasion protein InlB with mammalian cells control the cytoskeleton during Listeria internalization. By fluorescence microscopy and transfection experiments, we show that the actin-nucleating Arp2/3 complex, the GTPase Rac, LIM kinase (LIMK), and cofilin are key proteins in InlB-induced phagocytosis. Overexpression of LIMK1, which has been shown to phosphorylate and inactivate cofilin, induces accumulation of F-actin beneath entering particles and inhibits internalization. Conversely, inhibition of LIMK's activity by expressing a dominant negative construct, LIMK1−, or expression of the constitutively active S3A cofilin mutant induces loss of actin filaments at the phagocytic cup and also inhibits phagocytosis. Interestingly, those constructs similarly affect other actin-based phenomenons, such as InlB-induced membrane ruffling or Listeria comet tail formations. Thus, our data provide evidence for a control of phagocytosis by both activation and deactivation of cofilin. We propose a model in which cofilin is involved in the formation and disruption of the phagocytic cup as a result of its local progressive enrichment.
Grief, Mourning, and Meaning

This article draws on first-person narratives about sudden deaths that create overwhelming grief and the near impossibility of mourning. These narratives inform and expand psychotherapeutic theories and practices about grief and mourning. The author includes an autobiographical case study about the termination of his own long-term psychotherapy and his subsequent accompaniment of that therapist through his terminal illness.
Human resource diversity in the United Arab Emirates: empirical study

Purpose – The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the few countries where nationals make up less than 20 percent of the total population and less than 2 percent of the workforce. Hence organizations in the public and private sectors are highly diverse in terms of their employees' nationality, language, religion, race, and gender. The purpose of this paper is to examine how employees perceive human resource diversity and what they consider successful diversity to be.Design/methodology/approach – The main research instrument is a questionnaire which measures diversity in human resources. Exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression, and descriptive statistics were used in order to analyze 795 survey responses.Findings – The findings reveal that perception of human resource diversity in the UAE vary by employees' gender, educational level, nationality, professional experience, job level, previous experience in diverse workplace, and second language competency. Analysis of employees' responses helped to .
An improved smaller biotin ligase for BioID proximity labeling

A smaller promiscuous biotin ligase for proximity biotinylation called BioID2 enables more-selective targeting of fusion proteins, requires less biotin supplementation, exhibits enhanced labeling of proximate proteins, and demonstrates the use of a flexible linker to modulate the biotin-labeling radius.
Effective electronic marking for on-line assessment

In response to the demands of increasing student numbers, the BOSS system for submission and assessment has been constructed to enable student programming assignments to be submitted and tested on-line. More recent developments of this system have been concerned with the addition of electronic marking facilities that incorporate both automated marking, resulting from the automated testing, and manual marking in a secure environment. This paper briefly reviews the system and describes in detail the electronic marksheets, their functionality, and their user-interface.
Attribution of Feminine and Masculine Traits to Opposite-Sex Dyads

Descriptions of achieving female and male dyads in different relationships were presented to subjects and rated using masculine and feminine stereotypic traits. The relationship between the dyads varied in level of involvement—no relationship between them, acquainted, dating and married. Both the male and female stimulus-persons were rated more masculine when they were successful than when they were unsuccessful. Attributions of masculine traits to the “out-of-role,” achieving, female stimulus-person were made on the basis of internal factors, whereas attributions to the “in-role” achieving, male stimulus-person were made on the basis of both internal and external factors. In ratings made by men, the woman's achievement level affected the man's masculinity and self-esteem when the couple was dating—they attributed lower masculinity and lower self-esteem to the male stimulus-person when the woman was a success than when she was a failure. A nonstereotypic description of the couple, in which the woman was first and the man second, increased the masculinity and decreased the femininity attributed to both of them.
Homologous and heterologous complementation of HBV and WHV capsid and polymerase functions in RNA encapsidation.

Successful encapsidation of hepadnaviral pregenomic RNA requires the orchestrated interaction of the viral capsid and polymerase proteins with each other and with the RNA packaging substrate. The early steps of this process involve binding of the polymerase to the encapsidation signal, epsilon, and are already understood in some detail. However, the underlying macromolecular interactions resulting in the subsequent encapsidation of this polymerase-epsilon complex by capsid proteins are less clearly defined. To approach this issue we have examined the ability of two different hepadnaviruses to encapsidate each other's pregenomic RNA. H. Okamoto et al. ((1990) J. Gen. Virol. 71, 959-963) have previously demonstrated that WHV polymerase could encapsidate an HBV pregenome, but the origin of the capsid proteins (i.e., HBV- or WHV-derived) required for this reaction was not clear; some evidence suggested that heterologous capsid and polymerase proteins might not be capable of interaction. To clarify this, we analyzed encapsidated RNA isolated from cytoplasmic cores produced following transient transfection of HepG2 cells with different combinations of plasmids encoding HBV or WHV core and polymerase genes. We found that (i) the essential encapsidation signal of WHV is comprised of a short region including epsilon, as in HBV; (ii) HBV and WHV polymerases are each competent to recognize both HBV and WHV packaging signals; therefore the encapsidation signals are functionally interchangeable; and (iii) HBV capsids encapsidate a WHV polymerase-epsilon complex, and vice versa, although the efficiency of heterologous packaging is slightly lower than that of homologous encapsidation. Our results underscore the close relationship of these two mammalian hepadnaviruses.
Haematological and Coagulation Profiles during Severe Tropical Theileriosis in Cattle

This study was conducted to measure selected haematological parameters in Holstein cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Haematological analysis indicated significant decreases in red blood cell count, haematocrit value, haemoglobin amount, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts. On the other hand, significant increases were seen in mean corpuscular volume and marked reticulocytosis in infected animals compared to the animals in the control (uninfected) group. In the coagulation profile, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were significantly prolonged, and platelet counts were significantly less in the infected group compared to those in the control group. Fibrinogen concentration was slightly higher in the infected group than that in the control group. These observations revealed that T. annulata infection in cattle is associated with marked changes in haematological and coagulation parameters. fiiddetli Tropikal Theileriosisli S›¤›rlarda Hematolojikal ve Koagulasyon Profilleri Ozet: Bu araflt›rma, doal olarak Theileria annulata ile infekte olan Holstein s›¤›rlarda baz› hematolojik ve hemostatik parametrelerin belirlenmesi amac›yla yap›ld›. Kontrol grubu ile karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda, enfekte grupta alyuvar say›s›, hematokrit deer, hemoglobin mikrat›, ortalama alyuvar hemoglobin konsantrasyonu, akyuvar say›s›, lenfosit, notrofil, monosit, eozinofil ve bazofil say›lar› onemli duflufller gosterirken belirgin bir retikulositozis ile birlikte ortalama alyuvar hacminde ciddi art›fllar goruldu. Kontrol grubu ile karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda, enfekte grupda aktive edilmifl parsiyel tromboplastin zaman› ve protrombin zaman›nda onemli derecede uzama, trombosit say›s›nda onemli oranda duflme, fibrinojen konsantrasyonunda ise hafif bir yukselme bulundu. Sonuc olarak; Tropikal theileriosisin, s›¤›rlar›n hematolojik ve hemostatik profilinde onemli duzeyde deiflikliklere sebep olduu belirlendi.
Prolonged Restraint Stress Increases IL-6, Reduces IL-10, and Causes Persistent Depressive-Like Behavior That Is Reversed by Recombinant IL-10

Altered inflammatory cytokine profiles are often observed in individuals suffering from major depression. Recent clinical work reports on elevated IL-6 and decreased IL-10 in depression. Elevated IL-6 has served as a consistent biomarker of depression and IL-10 is proposed to influence depressive behavior through its ability to counterbalance pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Clinical and animal studies suggest a role for IL-10 in modifying depressive behavior. Murine restraint stress (RST) is regularly employed in the study of behavioral and biological symptoms associated with depressive disorders. While responses to acute RST exposure have been widely characterized, few studies have examined the ongoing and longitudinal effects of extended RST and fewer still have examined the lasting impact during the post-stress period. Consistent with clinical data, we report that a protocol of prolonged murine RST produced altered cytokine profiles similar to those observed in major depressive disorder. Parallel to these changes in circulating cytokines, IL-10 mRNA expression was diminished in the cortex and hippocampus throughout the stress period and following cessation of RST. Moreover, chronic RST promoted depressive-like behavior throughout the 28-day stress period and these depressive-like complications were maintained weeks after cessation of RST. Because of the correlation between IL-10 suppression and depressive behavior and because many successful antidepressant therapies yield increases in IL-10, we examined the effects of IL-10 treatment on RST-induced behavioral changes. Behavioral deficits induced by RST were reversed by exogenous administration of recombinant IL-10. This work provides one of the first reports describing the biological and behavioral impact following prolonged RST and, taken together, this study provides details on the correlation between responses to chronic RST and those seen in depressive disorders.
Desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento de medida da satisfação do paciente com a fisioterapia

Development and validation of an instrument for measuring patient satisfaction with physical therapy Objective: To develop and validate an instrument for measuring patient satisfaction with physical therapy, and to identify the most important satisfaction indicators. Method: The sample was composed of 834 outpatients of both sexes with mean age of 46.7 years who were health plan users at 45 private health clinics in Natal and Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and who answered a questionnaire. The study covered the process of developing the instrument as well as the analysis of its psychometric properties. Qualitative analysis on the initial sample of items in the questionnaire was performed by a panel of specialists. A pilot study preceded refinement of the questionnaire and was carried out prior to data collection. Psychometric analysis (evaluation of the test that was developed) was performed by means of studying the reliability and validity of the measures obtained with the instrument. Results: The results achieved in relation to reliability, by means of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α= 0.94), and content, simultaneous, and construct validities showed high internal consistency and satisfactory validity according to psychometric standards for patient satisfaction with physical therapy. Factorial analysis indicated the existence of four dimensions in which patient-therapist interaction, especially regarding the physical therapist’s communication skills, seem to be the best indicators of satisfaction. Aspects related to personal convenience, such as location of the clinic and availability of parking, were not strongly predictive of satisfaction with the care received. Conclusions: This study makes available a new tool to contribute to management and to the planning process necessary for improving the quality of physical therapy services.
Police Leadership: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Police are required to understand and effectively operate in a complex social, political, and organizational environment. There is increased demand for accountability from and within policing; advancements in technology, emergence of new crime types, austerity measures, and a plethora of additional challenges. So how does an organ- ization operate in such conditions? One answer lies in leadership. Leadership is one of the most important predictors of whether organizations are able to effectively function in dynamic environments and as such the need for effective police leadership is greater than ever. But what do we know about police leadership? What are the characteristics of police leaders and what activities do they undertake? In answering these questions we undertook a systematic review of the research literature pertaining to police leadership and present the findings in this article.
Preparation of TiO 2 Anatase Nanocrystals by TiCl 4 Hydrolysis with Additive H 2 SO 4

A new methodology was developed to synthesize uniform titania anatase nanocrystals by the hydrolysis of titanium chloride in sulfuric acid aqueous solutions at 0–90uC. The samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), and an Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of the reaction temperature, mole ratio of SO4 22 to Ti4+, and the calcinations temperature on the particle size and crystal phase were investigated. Depending on the acidity, the hydrolysis temperature, and the calcination temperature, rhombic anatase nanocrystals sizes in the range of 10 nm to 50 nm were obtained. In the additive of sulfuric acid, Raman spectra and electron diffraction confirmed that the nanoparticles are composed of anatase TiO2. No other titania phases, such as rutile or brookite, were detected. Citation: Li W, Zeng T (2011) Preparation of TiO2 Anatase Nanocrystals by TiCl4 Hydrolysis with Additive H2SO4. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21082. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone. 0021082 Editor: Richard Haverkamp, Massey University, New Zealand Received April 19, 2011; Accepted May 18, 2011; Published June 15, 2011 Copyright: ! 2011 Li, Zeng. This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Funding: U.S. National Science Foundation under contract #0520789. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: wenbinglee@gmail.com
Women project managers: the exploration of their job challenges and issue selling behaviors

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore women project managers as a group in order to generate new understanding about the present project context within which they work and to promote new research‐based ideas for optimizing their potential in business organizations. To this end, the paper explore their demographics and project characteristics, their project challenges and issue selling moves, and their perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages for women in this profession.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using quantitative and qualitative questionnaire items of 211 female project managers in North America.Findings – The research results show significant associations among women project managers' career, age, cost of their projects, and their professional certifications. In addition, their challenges and issue‐selling moves produce six factors related to their influence of others. Lastly, the results reveal women's self‐described advantages and disadvantages in the projec.
Head and neck malignant tumours in gombe, northeast Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer is the 10(th) most common cancer in the world constituting 5-8% of total cancer burden in Europe and America. However, it is difficult to appreciate the burden in Nigeria because of inadequate data. This retrospective study analysed the clinicopathological variables of head and neck malignancies seen over a 10-year period at a northeastern Nigerian referral centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS The demographics and clinical findings of the patients were obtained from the case files while histology reports were retrieved from the histopathology department of the hospital. Malignancies involving the eye, brain and thyroid were excluded. RESULTS One hundred and ninety five cases of head and neck malignancies were recorded over the ten year study period. The mean age of the patients was 38.3years (+20 SD) while a male: female ratio of 1.3:1 was recorded for all cases. The neck was the most frequent site of tumours, accounting for 57(29%) cases. While epithelial malignancies were 56.9% of all cases, lymphomas constituted 21.5%, sarcomas constituted 10.3% and others malignancies accounted for 11.3%. There was no sex predilection for carcinomas (1:1), but there were slightly more lymphomas 26(23%) in males than 16(19%) in females. Carcinomas were more prevalent in those above 51years of age; sarcomas were most common within the 21-30year age group while 42.8% of cases of lymphoma were in the 2(nd) and 3(rd) decades of life. CONCLUSION While malignant head and neck tumours showed no sex predilection, carcinomas remained the most frequent head and neck malignancies in this study.
Authority Rankings from HITS, PageRank, and SALSA: Existence, Uniqueness, and Effect of Initialization

Algorithms such as Kleinberg's HITS algorithm, the PageRank algorithm of Brin and Page, and the SALSA algorithm of Lempel and Moran use the link structure of a network of web pages to assign weights to each page in the network. The weights can then be used to rank the pages as authoritative sources. These algorithms share a common underpinning; they find a dominant eigenvector of a nonnegative matrix that describes the link structure of the given network and use the entries of this eigenvector as the page weights. We use this commonality to give a unified treatment, proving the existence of the required eigenvector for the PageRank, HITS, and SALSA algorithms, the uniqueness of the PageRank eigenvector, and the convergence of the algorithms to these eigenvectors. However, we show that the HITS and SALSA eigenvectors need not be unique. We examine how the initialization of the algorithms affects the final weightings produced. We give examples of networks that lead the HITS and SALSA algorithms to return nonunique or nonintuitive rankings. We characterize all such networks in terms of the connectivity of the related HITS authority graph. We propose a modification, Exponentiated Input to HITS, to the adjacency matrix input to the HITS algorithm. We prove that Exponentiated Input to HITS returns a unique ranking, provided that the network is weakly connected. Our examples also show that SALSA can give inconsistent hub and authority weights, due to nonuniqueness. We also mention a small modification to the SALSA initialization which makes the hub and authority weights consistent.
Motor Representations of Articulators Contribute to Categorical Perception of Speech Sounds

Listening to speech modulates activity in human motor cortex. It is unclear, however, whether the motor cortex has an essential role in speech perception. Here, we aimed to determine whether the motor representations of articulators contribute to categorical perception of speech sounds. Categorization of continuously variable acoustic signals into discrete phonemes is a fundamental feature of speech communication. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to temporarily disrupt the lip representation in the left primary motor cortex. This disruption impaired categorical perception of artificial acoustic continua ranging between two speech sounds that differed in place of articulation, in that the vocal tract is opened and closed rapidly either with the lips or the tip of the tongue (/ba/–/da/ and /pa/–/ta/). In contrast, it did not impair categorical perception of continua ranging between speech sounds that do not involve the lips in their articulation (/ka/–/ga/ and /da/–/ga/). Furthermore, an rTMS-induced disruption of the hand representation had no effect on categorical perception of either of the tested continua (/ba/–da/ and /ka/–/ga/). These findings indicate that motor circuits controlling production of speech sounds also contribute to their perception. Mapping acoustically highly variable speech sounds onto less variable motor representations may facilitate their phonemic categorization and be important for robust speech perception.