Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perineural Invasion and TAMs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas: Review of the Original Pathology Reports Using Immunohistochemical Enhancement and Relationships with Clinicopathological Features

Objectives: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are thought to be involved in the perineural invasion (PNI) process and to be associated with poor prognoses. The associations between TAMs, PNI, and clinicopathological features in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs) remain to be elucidated. Methods: Fifty-nine PDA patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy were retrospectively examined. The PNI statuses and TAMs were reviewed following H&E staining and S-100, CD68, and CD163 immunohistochemical staining. The relationships between PNI, TAMs, and overall survival and various clinical and histopathologic factors were investigated. Results: PNI was identified in 83% (49/59) of the cases, the TAM density of the PNI+ group was greater than that of the PNI- group, and the infiltrating TAMs around the nerves that were invaded by cancer were much more numerous than those around the nerves without cancer cell invasion. The incidences of PNI, lymph node metastasis, high serum CA19-9 level, cancers in the body/tail, and advanced pathological stage were associated with shorter OSs. In the PNI+ group, lymph node metastasis and high levels of TAM infiltration were associated with worse prognoses. Conclusions: TAMs might enhance PNI, and the incidence of PNI was associated with poor prognosis. PNI+ status and high levels of TAM infiltration further worsen the prognosis. Therapies targeting TAMs might represent auxiliary and preventive treatment for PNI in PDA patients.
Tolérance de quelques cultivars de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) et de l'espèce sauvage (Manihot glaziovii) à la mosaïque virale africaine et à la cercosporiose du manioc

Une étude de la tolérance de trois cultivars de Manihot esculenta Crantz (un cultivar local, Alot-Bikon, et deux améliorés: IITA 8034, IITA 8061) et de l’espèce sauvage (M. glaziovii) prélevée dans la forêt du Mbam et Kim (Cameroun), a été menée à Yaoundé, vis-à-vis de la mosaïque virale africaine du manioc (MVAM) et de la cercosporiose. La MVAM est apparue dans les conditions naturelles, alors que la cercosporiose a été étudiée suite à l’inoculation d’une solution de Cercospora henningsii de concentration 20 × 102 conidies/ml. Seize semaines après plantation des boutures, les plantes de M. glaziovii étaient les plus hautes (156 cm), tandis que le plus grand nombre de feuilles (113) était formé sur IITA 8061. Les plus faibles niveaux d’infection causée par la MVAM (17,2%) et la cercosporiose (2,7%) ont été enregistrés sur les plants de l’espèce sauvage, qui par conséquent semble être plus tolérante aux maladies étudiées. Le cultivar IITA 8061 a été moyennement résistant à la MVAM (28,9%) et plus résistant à la cercosporiose (7,8%). Les cultivars IITA 8034 et local, Alot-Bikon, ont été trouvés plus sensibles respectivement à la MVAM (53,9 et 54,5%) et à la cercosporiose (18,8 et 32,8%). Le meilleur rendement en tubercules a été obtenu avec IITA 8061 (34,5 t/ha), suivi de la variété IITA 8034 (32,1 t/ha) et le cultivar local (15,6 t/ha). Ces résultats montrent que le degré de tolérance des variétés de manioc aux maladies a une grande influence sur le rendement en tubercules. Tolérance de quelques cultivars de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) et de l’espèce sauvage (Manihot glaziovii) à la mosaïque virale africaine et à la cercosporiose du manioc
System R: relational approach to database management

System R is a database management system which provides a high level relational data interface. The systems provides a high level of data independence by isolating the end user as much as possible from underlying storage structures. The system permits definition of a variety of relational views on common underlying data. Data control features are provided, including authorization, integrity assertions, triggered transactions, a logging and recovery subsystem, and facilities for maintaining data consistency in a shared-update environment. This paper contains a description of the overall architecture and design of the system. At the present time the system is being implemented and the design evaluated. We emphasize that System R is a vehicle for research in database architecture, and is not planned as a product.
Cortical representation of the human hand assessed by two levels of high‐resolution EEG recordings

Increasing interest in cortical plasticity has prompted the growing use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to estimate changes in the cortical representation of body regions. Here, we tested the effect of different sites of hand stimulation and of the density of spatial sampling in the quality of estimation of somatosensory sources. Sources of two SEP components from the primary somatosensory cortex (N20/P20 and P45) were estimated using two levels of spatial sampling (64‐ vs. 128‐channel) and stimulation of four distal sites in the upper limbs, including single digits (first vs. fifth) and distal nerves with comparable cortical projection (superficial branch of the radial nerve and distal ulnar nerve). The most robust separation of somatosensory sources was achieved by comparing the cortical representations of the first digit and the distal ulnar nerve territories on the N20/P20 component of SEPs. Although both the 64‐ and the 128‐electrode montages correctly discriminated these two areas, only the 128‐electrode montage was able to significantly separate sources in the other cases, notably when using first versus fifth digit stimulation. Trustworthy distinction of cortical representations was not obtainable when using the P45 component, probably because of greater activation volume, radial orientation of sources in areas 1–2 and increased variability with attention and vigilance. Assessment of tangential SEP components to stimulation of first digit versus ulnar nerve appears the best option to assess plastic somatosensory changes, especially when using relatively low‐electrode sampling. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postural relief of dyspnea in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The effect of body position change was studied in 17 patients with severe disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multiple respiratory muscle electromyograms, gastric, esophageal, and transdiaphragmatic pressures, and thoracoabdominal diameters (by magnetometer) were measured in the supine, standing, erect seated, and forward leaning (seated) positions during quiet breathing. Seven patients showed striking relief of dyspnea in the leaning forward position, and 3 of these obtained relief upon lying supine as well. All 7 showed paradoxical (inward) inspiratory motion of the abdomen in standing and erect seated postures, which was corrected by assuming the supine and forward leaning positions. When compared to the remaining 10 patients, these 7 had significantly greater TLC (P < 0.01), FRC (P < 0.05), and RV (P < 0.02), although FVC and FEV1/FVC values were not significantly different. Their accessory inspiratory muscle EMG activity was augmented to a significantly greater degree on assuming the sta.
Sequestration and biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in passion vine butterflies and consequences for the diversification of their host plants

Abstract The colorful heliconiine butterflies are distasteful to predators due to their content of defense compounds called cyanogenic glucosides (CNglcs), which they biosynthesize from aliphatic amino acids. Heliconiine larvae feed exclusively on Passiflora plants where ~30 kinds of CNglcs have been reported. Among them, some CNglcs derived from cyclopentenyl glycine can be sequestered by some Heliconius species. In order to understand the evolution of biosynthesis and sequestration of CNglcs in these butterflies and its consequences for their arms race with Passiflora plants, we analyzed the CNglc distribution in selected heliconiine and Passiflora species. Sequestration of cyclopentenyl CNglcs is not an exclusive trait of Heliconius, since these compounds were present in other heliconiines such as Philaethria, Dryas and Agraulis, and in more distantly related genera Cethosia and Euptoieta. Thus, it is likely that the ability to sequester cyclopentenyl CNglcs arose in an ancestor of the Heliconiinae subfamily. Biosynthesis of aliphatic CNglcs is widespread in these butterflies, although some species from the sara‐sapho group seem to have lost this ability. The CNglc distribution within Passiflora suggests that they might have diversified their cyanogenic profile to escape heliconiine herbivory. This systematic analysis improves our understanding on the evolution of cyanogenesis in the heliconiine–Passiflora system.
Analysis of the GCM2 gene in isolated hypoparathyroidism: a molecular and biochemical study.

CONTEXT Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and absent or markedly reduced serum levels of intact PTH. The transcription factor GCM2 is critical for the development of parathyroid glands in mice and humans. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the prevalence of GCM2 gene mutations in patients with familial or sporadic forms of isolated hypoparathyroidism (IH). DESIGN AND SETTING We used PCR to analyze the promoter, the exons, and flanking intronic sequences in 10 IH families with 17 affected members and in 10 patients with sporadic IH. Wild-type and mutant GCM2 proteins were expressed in HEK293 cells and characterized. RESULTS We identified nine single nucleotide changes, three in the 5' untranslated region and six in exon 5, that led to nonsynonymous changes in the GCM2 protein (G203S, I227V, Y282D, N315D, Q330L, and M354V). Variant GCM2 proteins had normal size, nuclear localization, and transactivational function when expressed in HEK293 cells. Similar analyses of two previously described GCM2 missense mutations, R47L and G63S, revealed decreased nuclear expression and markedly reduced (5-20% of normal) transactivational activity. The variant alleles did not segregate with inheritance of IH, and many of the single nucleotide substitutions were present in DNA from unrelated normal subjects, suggesting that these base changes were polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Our study describes nine single nucleotide changes in the GCM2 gene that represent polymorphisms. Although GCM2 mutations appear to be an uncommon cause of IH, the wide variety of GCM2 polymorphisms suggests that variant alleles may have a role in determining parathyroid function.
Alcohol consumption and the incidence of type II diabetes

Background: This study examines the relation between alcohol and type II diabetes and the possible mediating effects of HDL-cholesterol and serum insulin. Methods: Prospective study of 5221 men aged 40–59 years with no history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, or stroke drawn from general practices in 18 British towns. Results: During the mean follow up of 16.8 years there were 198 incident cases of type II diabetes. Occasional drinkers were the reference group. A non-linear relation was seen between alcohol intake and age adjusted risk of diabetes, with risk lowest in light and moderate drinkers and highest in heavy drinkers (quadratic trend p=0.03). Further adjustment for body mass index decreased risk in heavy drinkers. After additional adjustment for physical activity, smoking, and (undiagnosed) pre-existing coronary heart disease, only moderate drinkers showed significantly lower risk than occasional drinkers (RR=0.66 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99). Alcohol intake was inversely associated with serum insulin and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol. Adjustment for these factors reduced the “protective” effect in moderate drinkers (adjusted RR=0.73 95% CI 0.48 to 1.10) but the quadratic trend remained significant (p=0.02). Conclusion: There is a non-linear relation between alcohol intake and the risk of type II diabetes. Serum insulin and HDL-cholesterol explained a small amount (20%) of the reduction in risk of type II diabetes associated with moderate drinking. The adverse effect of heavy drinking seemed to be partially mediated through its effect on body weight.
The evolution of life cycles with haploid and diploid phases

Sexual eukaryotic organisms are characterized by an alternation between haploid and diploid phases. In vascular plants and animals, somatic growth and development occur primarily in the diploid phase, with the haploid phase reduced to the gametic cells. In many other eukaryotes, however, growth and development occur in both phases, with substantial variability among organisms in the length of each phase of the life cycle. A number of theoretical models and experimental studies have shed light on factors that may influence life cycle evolution, yet we remain far from a complete understanding of the diversity of life cycles observed in nature. In this paper we review the current state of knowledge in this field, and touch upon the many questions that remain unanswered. BioEssays 20:453–462, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fairness-Aware Adaptive Resource Allocation Scheme in Multihop OFDMA Systems

We investigate a fairness-aware adaptive resource allocation scheme for the downlink of multihop OFDMA systems. Assuming that the base station has all the channel information, we formulate an optimization problem for an adaptive subchannel-, path- and power-allocation scheme that maximizes system capacity while guaranteeing minimum resources for each user. Since the optimization should be performed in real time, we propose an efficient heuristic algorithm composed of subchannel-allocation, load-balancing and power-distribution steps. The proposed algorithm is simple in that the iterative computations are removed, and accurate in that it performs similarly to the optimum solution
Natural and sexual selection against hybrid flycatchers

While sexual selection is generally assumed to quickly cause or strengthen prezygotic barriers between sister species, its role in causing postzygotic isolation, through the unattractiveness of intermediate hybrids, is less often examined. Combining 24 years of pedigree data and recently developed species-specific molecular markers from collared (Ficedula albicollis) and pied (Ficedula hypoleuca) flycatchers and their hybrids, we were able to quantify all key components of fitness. To disentangle the relative role of natural and sexual selection acting on F1 hybrid flycatchers, we estimated various fitness components, which when combined represent the total lifetime reproductive success of F1 hybrids, and then compared the different fitness components of F1 hybrids to that of collared flycatchers. Female hybrid flycatchers are sterile, with natural selection being the selective force involved, but male hybrids mainly experienced a reduction in fitness through sexual selection (decreased pairing success and increased rate of being cuckolded). To disentangle the role of sexual selection against male hybrids from a possible effect of genetic incompatibility (on the rate of being cuckolded), we compared male hybrids with pure-bred males expressing intermediate plumage characters. Given that sexual selection against male hybrids is a result of their intermediate plumage, we expect these two groups of males to have a similar fitness reduction. Alternatively, hybrids have reduced fitness owing to genetic incompatibility, in which case their fitness should be lower than that of the intermediate pure-bred males. We conclude that sexual selection against male hybrids accounts for approximately 75% of the reduction in their fitness. We discuss how natural and sexual selection against hybrids may have different implications for speciation and conclude that reinforcement of reproductive barriers may be more likely when there is sexual selection against hybrids.
Astroglia in CNS injury

The astroglial response to CNS injury is considered in the context of neuron‐glial relationships. Although previous models suggested that astroglial cells present in “scars” impede axon regrowth owing to irreversible changes in the glial cell following injury, recent in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that astroglial cells exhibit considerable plasticity, elevating expression of the glial filament protein and altering expression of properties which support axons, including extracellular matrix components and cell surface adhesion systems. Both in vivo and in vitro studies on neuron‐glia interactions in different brain regions suggest that glia express region‐specific properties, including ion channels, neurotransmitter uptake and receptor systems, and cell surface adhesion systems. Together these findings suggest that a more detailed analysis of glial response to injury in different brain regions will lead to an appreciation of the diversity of the astroglial response to injury, and its regulation by neuron‐glia relationships.
Emergence of cooperative societies in evolutionary games

We utilize evolutionary game theory to study the evolution of cooperative societies and the behaviors of individual agents (i.e., players) in it. We present a novel player model based upon empirical evidence from the social and behavioral sciences, stating that: (1) an individual's behavior may often be motivated not only by self-interest but also by the consequences for the others, and (2) individuals vary in their interpersonal social tendencies, which reflect stable personal orientations that influence their choices. We present series of evolutionary simulations that ratify previous findings on evolution of cooperation, and provide new insights on the evolutionary process of cooperative behavior in a society as well as on the emergence of cooperative societies. Our main experimental result demonstrate that in contrast to previous common knowledge, increasing the value of mutual Reward or increasing mutual Punishment in the Prisoner's dilemma game do not result in the same type of cooperative society: while increasing R does result in a more cooperative society, increasing P does not.
Sex Differences in the Neurocognition of Language

Pinker, S. (1999). Words and rules: The ingredients of language. New York: Basic Books. Ullman, M. T. (2001). A neurocognitive perspective on language: The declarative/procedural model. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 717–726. Ullman, M. T. , Izvorski, R. , Love, T. , Yee, E. , Swinney, D. , & Hickok, G. (in press). Neural correlates of lexicon and grammar: Evidence from the production, reading, and judgment of inflection in aphasia. Brain and Language.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted to Midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, suppresses tumorigenicity of mouse rectal carcinoma cells.

Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, is overexpressed in a wide range of human carcinomas and is believed to contribute to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. To develop an antitumor reagent, we designed a phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide molecule based on the secondary structure of MK mRNA. The antisense MK at the dosage of 5 microM suppressed MK production by CMT-93 mouse rectal carcinoma cells after cationic liposome-mediated transfection, to 13% of that in control cultures. The growth of CMT-93 cells and their colony formation in soft agar were inhibited by the addition of the antisense MK, whereas the control reagent, the sense MK, showed no effects. On s.c. injection into nude mice, CMT-93 cells transfected with the antisense MK formed tumors much smaller than those by control cells. Finally, untreated CMT-93 cells were inoculated to nude mice, and 7 days later the antisense MK (50 microM) with atelocollagen was directly injected into the preformed tumor region to evaluate the curative effect; the injection was repeated at the interval of 2 weeks. During the period of 10-41 days after initiation of therapy, the rate of increase of tumor volume treated with the antisense MK was found to be about 4.2-fold lower than that seen after treatment with the sense MK. On this occasion, proliferation of tumor cells as estimated by 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was strongly inhibited, whereas angiogenesis was less affected. These findings strongly suggested the usefulness of MK antisense oligodeoxynucleotide as a new reagent for cancer therapy.
Low perceived social support predicts later depression but not social phobia in middle adolescence

Social phobia and depression are common and highly comorbid disorders in adolescence. There is a lack of studies on possible psychosocial shared risk factors for these disorders. The current study examined if low social support is a shared risk factor for both disorders among adolescent girls and boys. This study is a part of the Adolescent Mental Health Cohort Study's two-year follow-up. We studied cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of perceived social support with social phobia, depression, and comorbid social phobia and depression among girls and boys. The study sample consisted of 2070 15-year-old adolescents at baseline. Depression was measured by the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory, social phobia by the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), and perceived social support by the Perceived Social Support Scale-Revised (PSSS-R). Girls reported higher scores on the PSSS-R than boys in total scores and in friend and significant other subscales. Cross-sectional PSSS-R scores were lower among adolescents with social phobia, depression, and comorbid disorder than among those without these disorders. Low PSSS-R total score and significant other subscale were risk factors for depression among both genders, and low support from friends among girls only. Low perceived social support from any source was not a risk factor for social phobia or comorbid social phobia and depression. As conclusion of the study, low perceived social support was a risk factor for depression, but not a shared risk factor for depression and social phobia. Interventions enhancing perceived social support should be an important issue in treatment of depression.
Is Volatile Anesthesia During Cancer Surgery Likely to Increase the Metastatic Risk?

Despite advances in oncological therapy, cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. In 2008, 12.7 million new cancer cases were diagnosed, with this figure estimated to increase to 26 million by 2030. Within the United Kingdom alone, 1 in 2 people born after 1960 will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime. Surgery remains the first-line treatment for solid tumors. Although primary resection can be curative, cancer recurrence is commonly seen postoperatively and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is estimated that 90% of the mortality in cancer patients is due to the subsequent spread of cancer cells to distant tissue. An increasing cancer incidence means anesthetists will be faced with the challenge of managing a larger frequency of patients with gross physiological derangements, as seen in cancer. This intensified workload requires a highly efficient and effective approach toward oncological cases, focusing on optimal perioperative management. The increasing incidence and advances in treatment have led experts to believe that the cost of cancer care by 2021 will be £15.3 billion in the United Kingdom alone, which is a massive financial burden on the National Health Service.