Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active Learning for Dependency Parsing with Partial Annotation

Different from traditional active learning based on sentence-wise full annotation (FA), this paper proposes active learning with dependency-wise partial annotation (PA) as a ﬁner-grained unit for dependency parsing. At each iteration, we select a few most uncertain words from an unlabeled data pool, manually annotate their syntactic heads, and add the partial trees into labeled data for parser retraining. Compared with sentence-wise FA, dependency-wise PA gives us more ﬂexibility in task selection and avoids wasting time on annotating trivial tasks in a sentence. Our work makes the following contributions. First, we are the ﬁrst to apply a probabilistic model to active learning for dependency parsing, which can 1) provide tree probabilities and dependency marginal probabilities as principled uncertainty metrics, and 2) directly learn parameters from PA based on a forest-based training objective. Second, we propose and compare several uncertainty metrics through simulation experiments on both Chinese and English. Finally, we conduct human annotation experiments to compare FA and PA on real annotation time and quality.
Experiments on locally dented conical shells under axial compression

Steel conical shells have long been used in various parts of different structures. Sensitivity to the initial geometrical imperfection has been one of the most significant issues on the stability of these structures, which has made them highly vulnerable to the buckling. Most attention has been devoted to structures under normal fabrication related imperfections. Notwithstanding, the challenges of large local imperfections – presented herein as dent-shaped imperfections – have not been a focus yet for these structures. This study aims to provide experimental data on the effect of such imperfections on the buckling capacity of these shells under axial compression. The results show changes in the buckling mode and the capacity for such damaged thin specimens as is outlined in this paper, with an average overall capacity reduction of 11%.
Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus RNA in blood donors with anti‐hepatitis C virus reactivity in Rwanda

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of severe liver disease worldwide and is highly endemic in Africa, where it often has nosocomial spread. Little is known on the HCV prevalence, risk for transfusion‐transmitted HCV, and circulating genotypes in Rwanda. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of anti‐HCV among blood donors from all regions of the country and genetically characterize identified HCV strains.
Walking, Gross Motor Development, and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers

Abstract Infant gross motor development is vital to adaptive function and predictive of both cognitive outcomes and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about neural systems underlying the emergence of walking and general gross motor abilities. Using resting state fcMRI, we identified functional brain networks associated with walking and gross motor scores in a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort of infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder, who represent a dimensionally distributed range of motor function. At age 12 months, functional connectivity of motor and default mode networks was correlated with walking, whereas dorsal attention and posterior cingulo-opercular networks were implicated at age 24 months. Analyses of general gross motor function also revealed involvement of motor and default mode networks at 12 and 24 months, with dorsal attention, cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, and subcortical networks additionally implicated at 24 months. These findings suggest that changes in network-level brain–behavior relationships underlie the emergence and consolidation of walking and gross motor abilities in the toddler period. This initial description of network substrates of early gross motor development may inform hypotheses regarding neural systems contributing to typical and atypical motor outcomes, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders associated with motor dysfunction.
Group-mediated activity counseling and traditional exercise therapy programs: Effects on health-related quality of life among older adults in cardiac rehabilitation

Background: Regular physical activity has been consistently related to improvements in health- related quality of life (HRQL) in older adults. Nevertheless, systematic investigations of the influence of exercise therapy on older men and women enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation remain sparse.Purpose: The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral physical activity intervention program (GMCB) to a traditional cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) with regard to changes in HRQL in a community-dwelling sample of older adults.Methods: This randomized clinical trial assigned 147 participants who were eligible for inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation to the GMCB or traditional CRP arms. Changes in HRQL at 3 and 12 months were assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) from the Medical Outcomes Study.Results: Mixed-model analyses yielded significant Baseline × Gender × Treatment interactions for the self-reported mental health component and the Vitality subscale of the SF-36. Decomposition of these interactions revealed that men in both exercise therapy groups and women in the GMCB treatment with low baseline values demonstrated more favorable improvements in the HRQL perceived mental health measures than women in the CRP treatment.Conclusions: Improvements in HRQL among older adults enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation differ as a function of treatment, gender, and initial mental health status. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for the design of future physical activity interventions among older adults with cardiovascular disease and the measurement of their HRQL.
Multimodal Expression of Artificial Emotion in Social Robots Using Color, Motion and Sound

Artificial emotion display is a key feature of social robots to communicate internal states and behaviors in familiar human terms. While humanoid robots can draw on signals such as facial expressions or voice, emotions in appearance-constrained robots can only be conveyed through less-anthropomorphic output channels. While previous work focused on identifying specific expressional designs to convey a particular emotion, little work has been done to quantify the information content of different modalities and how they become effective in combination. Based on emotion metaphors that capture mental models of emotions, we systematically designed and validated a set of 28 different uni- and multimodal expressions for the basic emotions joy, sadness, fear and anger using the most common output modalities color, motion and sound. Classification accuracy and users’ confidence of emotion assignment were evaluated in an empirical study with 33 participants and a robot probe. The findings are distilled into a set of recommendations about which modalities are most effective in communicating basic artificial emotion. Combining color with planar motion offered the overall best cost/benefit ratio by making use of redundant multi-modal coding. Furthermore, modalities differed in their degree of effectiveness to communicate single emotions. Joy was best conveyed via color and motion, sadness via sound, fear via motion and anger via color.
Copper sulphate forms in piglet diets: Microbiota, intestinal morphology and enteric nervous system glial cells.

The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation with different copper sulphate (CuSO4 ) forms on small intestine microanatomy and large intestine microbiota. Ninety weaned piglets were divided into three experimental groups: control diet (CTR), with no added CuSO4 and diets supplemented with 150 ppm of CuSO4 in protected (150P) and unprotected form (150UP). After 18 days of dietary treatment, six piglets per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed. Duodenum villi length and crypt depths were higher (P < 0.001) in the animals fed 150UP than other groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for enteric glial cells, was unaffected by dietary treatments. The total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts were lower (P < 0.05) in cecum of animals fed 150P in comparison with the other two groups. In the colon the Streptococci spp were lower (P < 0.001) in both CuSO4 supplemented groups than controls. The obtained results revealed a modulation of intestinal structure and microbiota exerted by the studied CuSO4 dietary supplementation. The present data show that dietary supplementation with 150UP in the first period post-weaning may assist in restoring the gut morphology, improving duodenal structure.
The antidepressant fluoxetine induces necrosis by energy depletion and mitochondrial calcium overload

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (Prozac), have been shown to induce cell death in cancer cells, paving the way for their potential use as cancer therapy. These compounds are able to increase cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), but the involved mechanisms and their physiological consequences are still not well understood. Here, we show that fluoxetine induces an increase in [Ca2+]cyt by emptying the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the translocon, an ER Ca2+ leakage structure. Our data also show that fluoxetine inhibits oxygen consumption and lowers mitochondrial ATP. This latter is essential for Ca2+ reuptake into the ER, and we postulated therefore that the fluoxetine-induced decrease in mitochondrial ATP production results in the emptying of the ER, leading to capacitative calcium entry. Furthermore, Ca2+ quickly accumulated in the mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and cell death. We found that fluoxetine could induce an early necrosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and Jurkat cells, and could also induce late apoptosis, especially in the tumor cell line. These results shed light on fluoxetine-induced cell death and its potential use in cancer treatment.
Microbially Induced Sand Cementation Method Using Pararhodobacter sp. Strain SO1, Inspired by Beachrock Formation Mechanism

To develop an alternative ground improvement technique in coastal areas based on bio-stimulation, we investigated sand cementation using bacteria that have been shown to enhance beachrock formation. We conducted cementation tests using Pararhodobacter sp. strain SO1, a local ureolytic bacteria originating from the sand near beachrock in Okinawa, Japan. Specifically, we attempted to cement sand specimens to unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of several MPa and establish the influence of several test conditions (curing temperature, injection interval of cementation solution, Ca2+ concentration and sodium malate concentration in the cementation solution, and test period) on the UCS. Column specimens were cemented up to UCS of 10MPa after 28 days under the conditions (curing temperature; 30°C, injection interval; 1 day, Ca2+ concentrations in cementation solution; 0.3M). Multiple regression analysis showed that the relevant conditions for UCS were test period, D (days), and Ca2+ concentration of the cementation solution, Cca (M). The prediction formula for UCS, qud (MPa), was experimentally determined to be qud = 48.3Cca + 0.456D 1 19.51. Overall, the results of this study will contribute to the application of a new technique for coastal sand improvement and bio-stimulation. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M-M2015842]
Brain emotional oscillatory activity during the different affective picture and sound experience

Good mood state is an important indicator of good healthy life, while the bad emotional state could give rise to some social or mental state health issues. To properly manage the psychological and emotional health caused by negative emotions in our daily life, we need to recognize the various emotional states firstly. In order to find out the special cognitive emotional characteristics to reach high emotional identification accuracy, the aim of this paper is to explore the brain emotional oscillatory activity induced by visual and audio stimuli from IAPS and IADS databases in the amplitude measurement. Event related potential (ERP) analysis is used to find out the pronounced emotional characteristics in the emotion recognition. Thirty subjects are employed in the visual and audio experiments. A significance level of p < 0.01 is combined with ERP to analyze the brain signal data in order to discover significant effects. The results show that, two narrow time ranges (650–750ms and 800–900ms) in the late positive potential (LPP) are come up with five emotional states in the several brain regions for the visual induced emotion state changes. Six narrow time ranges from 0 to 1s of ERP are proposed to study potential various with three emotional states in the several brain regions for the audio induced emotion state changes. The results provide preliminary evidence for narrowing the time range of ERP in the emotion recognition research.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Enhances Antibody Production by Inducing the Expression of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Protein

Many classical vaccines contain whole pathogens and, thus, may occasionally induce adverse effects, such as inflammation. Vaccines containing purified rAgs resolved this problem, but, owing to their low antigenicity, they require adjuvants. Recently, the use of several cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), has been proposed for this purpose. However, it is difficult to use cytokines as vaccine adjuvants in clinical practice. In this study, we examined the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on TSLP production and Ag-induced Ab production. Application of atRA onto the ear lobes of mice selectively induced TSLP production without inducing apparent inflammation. The effects appeared to be regulated via retinoic acid receptors γ and α. Treatment with atRA was observed to enhance OVA-induced specific Ab production; however, this effect was completely absent in TSLP receptor–knockout mice. An enhancement in Ab production was also observed when recombinant hemagglutinin was used as the Ag. In conclusion, atRA was an effective adjuvant through induction of TSLP production. Therefore, we propose that TSLP-inducing low m.w. compounds, such as atRA, may serve as effective adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.
Skin Temperature Rhythms in Humans Respond to Changes in the Timing of Sleep and Light

Body temperature is known to vary with circadian phase and to be influenced by factors that can mask its circadian expression. We wanted to test whether skin temperature rhythms were sensitive to an abrupt shift of the sleep schedule and to the resetting effects of light. Nineteen healthy subjects spent 6 days in time isolation and underwent a simulated night-shift procedure. They were assigned to either a control group (n = 10) or bright light group (n = 9) and measurements were taken under a baseline day-oriented schedule and during the 4th cycle of a night-oriented schedule. In the bright light group, participants were exposed to a 3-cycle 8-h exposure of ~6,500 lux at night, while the control group remained in dim light conditions (~3 lux). Skin temperature was recorded in 10 and 4 participants from the control and bright light groups, respectively. We found significant circadian rhythms of plasma melatonin, core body temperature (CBT), and skin temperature at baseline for both groups (p < 0.001 for all). Rhythms of melatonin, CBT, and skin temperature following night shifts were significantly phase delayed by about 7 to 9 h (p < 0.05) in response to bright light at night, whereas there was no shift in the control group. In addition, we found that at bedtime melatonin does not consistently increase before the increase in distal skin temperature and subsequent decrease in CBT, in contrast to what has been previously reported. The present study shows that, in constant posture conditions, skin temperature rhythms have an evoked component sensitive to abrupt changes in the timing of sleep. They also comprise an endogenous component that is sensitive to the resetting effects of bright light exposure. These results have applications for the determination of circadian phase, as skin temperature is less intrusive than rectal temperature recordings.
Domain Adaptation for Statistical Machine Translation with Domain Dictionary and Monolingual Corpora

Statistical machine translation systems are usually trained on large amounts of bilingual text and monolingual text. In this paper, we propose a method to perform domain adaptation for statistical machine translation, where in-domain bilingual corpora do not exist. This method first uses out-of-domain corpora to train a baseline system and then uses in-domain translation dictionaries and in-domain monolingual corpora to improve the in-domain performance. We propose an algorithm to combine these different resources in a unified framework. Experimental results indicate that our method achieves absolute improvements of 8.16 and 3.36 BLEU scores on Chinese to English translation and English to French translation respectively, as compared with the baselines using only out-of-domain corpora.
A path analysis model for explaining unsafe behavior in workplaces: the effect of perceived work pressure

Background. Unsafe behavior is closely related to occupational accidents. Work pressure is one the main factors affecting employees’ behavior. The aim of the present study was to provide a path analysis model for explaining how work pressure affects safety behavior. Methods. Using a self-administered questionnaire, six variables supposed to affect safety employees’ behavior were measured. The path analysis model was constructed based on several hypotheses. The goodness of fit of the model was assessed using both absolute and comparative fit indices. Results. Work pressure was determined not to influence safety behavior directly. However, it negatively influenced other variables. Group attitude and personal attitude toward safety were the main factors mediating the effect of work pressure on safety behavior. Among the variables investigated in the present study, group attitude, personal attitude and work pressure had the strongest effects on safety behavior. Conclusion. Managers should consider that in order to improve employees’ safety behavior, work pressure should be reduced to a reasonable level, and concurrently a supportive environment, which ensures a positive group attitude toward safety, should be provided. Replication of the study is recommended.
Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator-A296–299 Prevents Impairment of Cerebral Autoregulation After Stroke Through Lipoprotein-Related Receptor–Dependent Increase in cAMP and p38

Background and Purpose— The sole Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for stroke is tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), but its brief therapeutic window and complications of treatment constrain its use. One limitation may be its potential to exacerbate impairment of cerebral autoregulation after stroke. Vasodilation is maintained by elevations in cAMP. However, cAMP levels fall after stroke because of overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by toxic levels of glutamate, an effect that is exacerbated by tPA. Binding of wild-type (wt) tPA to the low-density lipoprotein–related receptor (LRP) mediates dilation. We propose that binding of wt-tPA to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor reduces cAMP and impairs vasodilation. We hypothesize that tPA-A296–299, a variant that is fibrinolytic but cannot bind to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, preferentially binds to LRP and increases cAMP and p38, limiting autoregulation impairment after stroke. Methods— Stroke was induced by photothrombosis in pigs equipped with a closed cranial window, cerebral blood flow determined by microspheres, and cerebrospinal fluid cAMP and p38 determined by ELISA. Results— Stroke decreased cerebral blood flow. Cerebral blood flow was reduced further during hypotension, indicating impairment of autoregulation. Autoregulation was further impaired by wt-tPA, which was prevented by MK801 and tPA-A296–299. Protection by tPA-A296–299 was blocked by anti-LRP Ab, the LRP antagonist receptor-associated protein, and the p38 inhibitor SB 203580, but not by control IgG. Stroke reduced cerebrospinal fluid cAMP, which was reduced further by wt-tPA, but augmented by tPA-A296–299. Cerebrospinal fluid p38 was unchanged by wt-tPA, increased by tPA-A296–299, and decreased by anti-LRP Ab and receptor-associated protein. Conclusions— tPA-A296–299 prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation after stroke through an LRP-dependent increase in cAMP and p38.
Effects of Exposure, Diet, and Thermoregulation on Fecal Glucocorticoid Measures in Wild Bears

We examined fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) measures of nutrition and thermoregulatory demands on wild bears in Glacier National Park, Montana, and assessed how these measures changed in samples left in the field. Both ambient temperature and exposure can impact thermoregulation and sample degradation. Bear diets vary markedly with season, affecting body condition and thus fGC. We collected fecal samples during September and October, 2001, when ambient temperatures ranged from 30°C to −5°C. We collected half of each sample immediately and left the other half in its original location for 1–28 days. We used generalized linear models (GLM) to first predict fGC concentrations in fresh samples based on proxies of nutrition, ambient temperature, thermal exposure, and precipitation. These same covariates were then used to predict degradation-based differences in fGC concentrations between the paired sample halves. Variation in fGC was predicted by diet, Julian date, aspect, and the interaction between Julian date and aspect in both fresh and exposed samples. Cumulative precipitation was also a significant predictor of fGC concentrations in the exposed samples, independent of time, indicating that precipitation contributes to sample degradation but not enough to mask effects of other environmental factors on fGC concentrations. Differences between sample halves were only predicted by cumulative precipitation and exposure time; cumulative precipitation decreased, whereas exposure time increased, fGC concentrations in the exposed sample halves. Results indicate that fGC can provide reliable indices of nutrition and thermoregulatory demands in bears and that sample degradation impacts on these relations are minimal and can be virtually eliminated by controlling for cumulative precipitation over the estimated exposure times.