Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung eines Messinstruments zur Erhebung von Lernvorstellungen von angehenden Lehrenden

Bislang wurden Lernvorstellungen entweder als Vorstellungen der Lehrkrafte zum Lernen der Schulerinnen und Schuler oder als Vorstellungen der Lehrkrafte zum eigenen Lernen erhoben. Zentrales Ziel dieses Instruments ist die Verbindung dieser beider Perspektiven. Ein weiteres Ziel ist die Kombination der Erhebung der generalisierten Vorstellungen zu einem konstruktivistischen bzw. transmissiven Lernprozess und insbesondere im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht relevanten Vorstellungen zum Einbezug von Prakonzepten und der Vernetzung von Unterrichts-inhalten. Dazu konnten in der Perspektive Vorstellungen zum Lernen der Schulerinnen und Schuler sowohl die beiden Dimensionen transmissiv und konstruktivistisch als auch die Dimensionen Vernetzung und Prakonzepte faktorenanalytisch voneinander getrennt werden. Analog zur Perspektive der Vorstellungen der Befragten zum Lernen der Schulerinnen und Schuler wurden diese vier Dimensionen auch fur die Perspektive Vorstellungen der Befragten zum eigenen Lernen untersucht. Auch in dieser Perspektive lassen sich alle vier Dimensionen deutlich voneinander trennen. Auch konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die beiden Perspektiven – Vorstellungen der Befragten zum Lernen der Schulerinnen und Schuler und Vorstellungen der Befragten zum eigenen Lernen – faktorenanalytisch unterscheiden.
Extended File System Metadata Management with Relational Databases

Modern file systems need to handle extended metadata. Existing file systems are not equipped to handle managing metadata in the amount of files and the diversity of files that these file systems are now supporting. Users need better searching and querying capabilities. Metadata within files still remain applicationand file format-specific and is often proprietary, which makes searching difficult. We propose a file system that combines the power and proven technology of relational databases with the Linking File System’s (LiFS) ability to handle extended metadata.
Cytomegalovirus‐Productive Infection Is Associated With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background Although an association between human herpesvirus (HHV) infection and atherosclerosis has been suggested, the data supporting such an association are controversial and, in most cases, are based on serological evidence or on the presence of cell‐associated HHV DNA, which do not report about actual viral replication. We quantified the DNA of all 8 types of HHVs in plasma, in which their presence is evidence of viral replication. Methods and Results Using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, we evaluated the presence of HHV DNA in blood samples obtained at the time of hospitalization from 71 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 26 patients with stable coronary artery disease, and 53 healthy volunteers and in atherosclerotic plaques of 22 patients with peripheral artery disease who underwent endarterectomy. HHV‐5 (cytomegalovirus [CMV]) was the only HHV with a level that was higher in acute coronary syndrome patients than in the control group and that correlated with the level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. The numbers of effector memory T cells positively correlated with the numbers of CMV genome copies in carotid arteries plaques, whereas the numbers of central memory T cells negatively correlated with CMV copy numbers. Conclusions Of all HHV levels, only CMV was higher in patients with stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome than in the healthy group, and its load correlated with the level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. The level of CMV in atherosclerotic plaques correlated with the state of immunoactivation of lymphocytes in plaques, suggesting that the reactivation of CMV may contribute to the immune activation associated with the progression of atherosclerosis.
Mean-Square Convergence Analysis of ADALINE Training With Minimum Error Entropy Criterion

Recently, the minimum error entropy (MEE) criterion has been used as an information theoretic alternative to traditional mean-square error criterion in supervised learning systems. MEE yields nonquadratic, nonconvex performance surface even for adaptive linear neuron (ADALINE) training, which complicates the theoretical analysis of the method. In this paper, we develop a unified approach for mean-square convergence analysis for ADALINE training under MEE criterion. The weight update equation is formulated in the form of block-data. Based on a block version of energy conservation relation, and under several assumptions, we carry out the mean-square convergence analysis of this class of adaptation algorithm, including mean-square stability, mean-square evolution (transient behavior) and the mean-square steady-state performance. Simulation experimental results agree with the theoretical predictions very well.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Liquidity-saving Mechanisms in Collateral-based Rtgs Payment Systems Liquidity-saving Mechanisms in Collateral-based Rtgs Payment Systems

This paper presents preliminary findings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily reflective of views at the Bank of England, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Abstract This paper studies banks' incentives for choosing the timing of their payment submissions in a collateral-based real-time gross settlement payment system and the way in which these incentives change with the introduction of a liquidity-saving mechanism (LSM). We show that an LSM allows banks to economize on collateral while also providing incentives to submit payments earlier. The reason is that, in our model, an LSM allows payments to be matched and offset, helping to settle payment cycles in which each bank must receive a payment that provides sufficient funds to allow the settlement of its own payment. In contrast to fee-based systems, for which Martin and McAndrews (2008a) show that introducing an LSM can lead to lower welfare, in our model welfare is always higher with an LSM in a collateral-based system. and seminar participants at the Bank of England and participants in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's Money and Payments Workshop. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Bank of England, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or the Federal Reserve System.
Evidence of a dose-response relationship between "truth" antismoking ads and youth smoking prevalence.

OBJECTIVES In early 2000, the American Legacy Foundation launched the national "truth" campaign, the first national antismoking campaign to discourage tobacco use among youths. We studied the impact of the campaign on national smoking rates among US youths (students in grades 8, 10, and 12). METHODS We used data from the Monitoring the Future survey in a pre/post quasi-experimental design to relate trends in youth smoking prevalence to varied doses of the "truth" campaign in a national sample of approximately 50000 students in grades 8, 10, and 12, surveyed each spring from 1997 through 2002. RESULTS Findings indicate that the campaign accounted for a significant portion of the recent decline in youth smoking prevalence. We found that smoking prevalence among all students declined from 25.3% to 18.0% between 1999 and 2002 and that the campaign accounted for approximately 22% of this decline. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the campaign was associated with substantial declines in youth smoking and has accelerated recent declines in youth smoking prevalence.
Comet Yanaka (1988r): A New Class of Carbon-Poor Comet

As part of a program to determine the chemical composition of a sample population of comets, a very unusual comet, Yanaka (1988r), was observed in January 1989. Although the comet showed the usual emissions of Ol and NH2, it did not display any hint of C2 or CN emission. The comet is depleted in C2 by at least a factor of 100 and in CN by a factor of 25 relative to typical comets. If comets originate from interstellar clouds, Yanaka (1988r) could be an interloper from a cloud of different composition. If Yanaka (1988r) was formed within our solar system, the solar nebula was less uniform than assumed by most present models of formation.
Bronchiectasis in Children with Recurrent Pneumonia: An Immunopathological Damage Associated with Secondary Ciliary Dysmotility

The aim of this study is to assess ciliary motion patterns in children with bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis or primary ciliary dyskinesia. In 51 children with recurrent pneumonia, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was carried out to detect and score bronchiectasis. Moreover, ciliary ultrastructure, beat frequency and motion pattern were evaluated and compared to those observed in 30 healthy children. Bronchiectasis at HRCT was found in 31/51 children. Ciliary dysmotility was found in 20/31 children with bronchiectasis (64.5%). Overall, ciliary dysmotility was found in 39/51 patients (76.5%). Ciliary dysmotility showed a significant correlation with the HRCT score (p=0.02). Absent motion in some fields was found in 44/51 patients (86.3%) and this also showed significant correlation with the HRCT score (p=0.005). The specificity and sensitivity of ciliary dysmotility as an indicator of bronchiectasis was 74.3% and 83.3% respectively. The positive predictive value was 93.5%, and negative predictive value was 50%. Ciliary dysmotility, in children with recurrent airways infections, correlates with the presence and severity of bronchiectasis. Whether ciliary dysmotility is a cause or a consequence of anatomical lesion is a matter of speculation. Very likely there is an amplification and self-maintaining mechanism between the two events which may lead to more serious disease.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Suppressing sensorimotor activity modulates the discrimination of auditory emotions but not speaker identity

Our ability to recognize the emotions of others is a crucial feature of human social cognition. Functional neuroimaging studies indicate that activity in sensorimotor cortices is evoked during the perception of emotion. In the visual domain, right somatosensory cortex activity has been shown to be critical for facial emotion recognition. However, the importance of sensorimotor representations in modalities outside of vision remains unknown. Here we use continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) to inves-tigate whether neural activity in the right postcentral gyrus (rPoG) and right lateral premotor cortex (rPM) is involved in nonverbal auditoryemotionrecognition.Threegroupsofparticipantscompletedsame–differenttasksonauditorystimuli,discriminatingbetweentheemotionexpressedandthespeakers’identities,beforeandfollowingcTBStargetedatrPoG,rPM,orthevertex(controlsite). Atask-selectivedeficitinauditoryemotiondiscriminationwasobserved.StimulationtorPoGandrPMresultedinadisruptionofpartic-ipants’abilitiestodiscriminateemotion,butnotidentity,fromvocalsignals.Thesefindingssuggestthatsensorimotoractivitymaybeamodality-independentmechanismwhichaidsemotiondiscrimination.
Effects of Aluminum Sulfate and Polyelectrolyte Solutions on the Geotechnical Properties of Organic Clay

ABSTRACT This paper presents the effects of dilute polyelectrolyte solution used in combination with aluminum sulfate on the geotechnical properties of a homogeneous high-plasticity organic clay derived from the purification of turbid water. Apart from the chemical additives, the alum-polyelectrolyte clay (APC) and untreated clay were similar in composition, comprising 41% micro-fibrous amorphous organic solids by dry mass. However, the geomechanical behavior of the APC material was enhanced by polymer-particle bridging phenomenon, which contributed to higher stress-strain modulus, 10-20% greater shear strength in undrained triaxial compression, a higher effective angle of shearing resistance value, reduced compressibility and a slower rate of consolidation compared to the untreated clay. Hence, this study raises the possibility of using dilute polyelectrolyte solution in combination with aluminum sulfate as an alternative soil improvement measure for organic residues and ultra-soft organic clay deposits.
Human mutations in methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 impair nuclear de novo thymidylate biosynthesis

Significance These studies have identified that human genetic mutations, which impair the function of the folate-dependent enzyme methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase I (MTHFD1), depress rates of de novo thymidylate synthesis, elevate uracil levels in human DNA, and increase genome instability. These findings provide insights into the role of MTHFD1 and thymidylate biosynthesis in the etiology of SCID and megaloblastic anemia. An inborn error of metabolism associated with mutations in the human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) gene has been identified. The proband presented with SCID, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic abnormalities, but the causal metabolic impairment is unknown. SCID has been associated with impaired purine nucleotide metabolism, whereas megaloblastic anemia has been associated with impaired de novo thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis. MTHFD1 functions to condense formate with tetrahydrofolate and serves as the primary entry point of single carbons into folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism in the cytosol. In this study, we examined the impact of MTHFD1 loss of function on folate-dependent purine, dTMP, and methionine biosynthesis in fibroblasts from the proband with MTHFD1 deficiency. The flux of formate incorporation into methionine and dTMP was decreased by 90% and 50%, respectively, whereas formate flux through de novo purine biosynthesis was unaffected. Patient fibroblasts exhibited enriched MTHFD1 in the nucleus, elevated uracil in DNA, lower rates of de novo dTMP synthesis, and increased salvage pathway dTMP biosynthesis relative to control fibroblasts. These results provide evidence that impaired nuclear de novo dTMP biosynthesis can lead to both megaloblastic anemia and SCID in MTHFD1 deficiency.
Echoes in X‐ray binaries

We present a method of analysing the correlated X-ray and optical/UV variability in X-ray binaries, using the observed time delays between the X-ray driving light curves and their reprocessed optical echoes. This allows us to determine the distribution of reprocessing sites within the binary. We model the time-delay transfer functions by simulating the distribution of reprocessing regions, using geometrical and binary parameters. We construct best-fitting time-delay transfer functions, showing the regions in the binary responsible for the reprocessing of X-rays. We have applied this model to observations of the soft X-ray transient GRO J1655-40. We find that the optical variability lags the X-ray variability with a mean time delay of 19.3±2.2 s. This means that the outer regions of the accretion disc are the dominant reprocessing site in this system. On fitting the data to a simple geometric model, we derive a best-fitting disc half-opening angle of , which is similar to that observed after the previous outburst by Orosz & Bailyn. This disc thickening has the effect of almost entirely shielding the companion star from irradiation at this stage of the outburst.
Needed Supports of Middle Grade Teachers in Georgia During Times of Stress and Burnout

Understanding what teachers need to help them relieve occupational stress can help administrators effectively combat teacher burnout. With the multiple roles teachers play, it is easy to see how role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload increase the chances that a teacher will suffer from occupational related stress and subsequent burnout. If left unalleviated, teachers may begin to feel emotionally exhausted, detached from their colleagues, and lack feelings of personal accomplishment which can lead to burnout. The purpose of this study was to ascertain what teachers would like to see administrators do to help them combat the day-to-day stresses of teaching. The study consisted of two phases, one quantitative and one qualitative. The quantitative portion showed that the teachers in this study were suffering from moderate degrees of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. However, these teachers also felt high degrees of personal accomplishment. During the qualitative phase of the study, the researcher interviewed teachers to determine precisely what supports they would like to see from their administrators. The results fell into the following five categories, communication, discipline, professional development, consistency of rule enforcement, and reduction of paperwork. In addition, the researcher examined county documents to see what resources were available to help teachers who were feeling stressed. The results of this study showed that teachers are stressed; however, none of the documentation from the county offered assistance to teachers in times of stress. While the teachers in this study did feel mostly positive about their jobs and their impact on students, it is still obvious from the results of the study that small changes by administrators in the day-to-day operations of the school would go a long way to assisting teachers in combating job stress. INDEX WORDS: Middle grades, Teacher, Georgia, Stress, Burnout, Role conflict, Role overload, Role ambiguity, Administration NEEDED SUPPORTS OF MIDDLE GRADE TEACHERS IN GEORGIA DURING TIMES OF
Status and Respectability in the Cape Colony, 1750–1870

children, as their farmsteads were bumed and they were herded into camps for their own welfare. The war ended in 1902. The Boer leadership took heed, and by 1909 the Union of South Africa had become a British dominion. Nasson tells the story well, including exchanges between London and Cape Town, as well as Boer diplomatic attempts to obtain foreign support. The South African War has several uses. First, readers should look at the parallels with the fate of the Confederacy in America. Second, they should wonder why the offensive spirit and philosophy lasted into the Great War, especially in the RFC/RAF under the Boer veteran MG Hugh Trenchard. Third, reading the book suggests comparisons with Vietnam, though spatially the latter was much smaller. And lastly, thoughtful persons might liken what happened in South Africa to the present problems of peacekeeping in places such as Kosovo, because power, humans, and logistics remain as constants.
Comparing direct and indirect forms of intergroup contact in Cyprus

This thesis examines and compares the effectiveness of direct and indirect types of contact in leading to short- or longer-term prejudice-reducing outcomes in Cyprus. Chapter 1 provides a background to the relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and Chapter 2 provides a theoretical introduction to the intergroup contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) and to extended friendships (Wright, Aron, McLaughlin-Volpe, & Ropp, 1997), vicarious contact (Mazziotta, Mummendey, & Wright, 2011), and imagined contact (Crisp & Turner, 2009) which have been suggested to be alternatives and a stepping stone to direct contact when the latter is absent. Chapter 3 consists of three experiments assessing the relative effects of direct and vicarious contact (Experiments 1 and 2) and imagined contact (Experiment 3). The results show that direct, and to a weaker extent, vicarious contact lead to more positive outgroup attitudes, but that a week after contact this effect is lost. All types of contact yield less anxiety, an effect that endures in time, and direct and imagined contact yield more positive action tendencies, an effect that remains significant in time only for direct contact. Chapter 4 consists of two experiments further exploring the capacity of imagined contact to yield positive intergroup outcomes. Experiment 4 tests whether the induction of interpersonal and intergroup similarities and/or differences into a positive imagined contact scenario affects participants evaluation of the outgroup. The results show, in line with the Optimal Distinctiveness Theory (Brewer, 1971), that ‘balanced similarity’ which incorporates both similarities and differences yields more positive outgroup attitudes than the conditions focusing only on similarities or only on differences. Experiment 5 compares ‘balanced similarity’ with positive imagined contact and finds that only the former affects variables related to preparing individuals for future contact. Chapter 5 consists of a three-wave longitudinal study examining the temporal effects of direct and extended friendships on outgroup attitudes and their mediation. Both types of friendships yield a significant indirect effect on attitudes which is stronger for direct friendships and is mediated by intergroup anxiety for both types of friendships and also by ingroup norms for direct friendships. Chapter 6 presents and discusses the key findings, outlines the limitations of these studies, and suggests avenues for future research.
Meropenem: evidence of lack of proconvulsive tendency in mice.

The proconvulsive tendency of the novel carbapenem, meropenem was compared to that of imipenem, alone and in combination with cilastatin. The potentiation of metrazole-induced convulsions in mice was measured. Both imipenem and imipenem/cilastatin caused significant potentiation of metrazole-induced convulsions at a dose of 200 mg/kg, i.v. In contrast, meropenem (50-400 mg/kg, iv) failed to exhibit any significant potentiation of metrazole-induced seizures.
Multidisciplinary medication review in nursing home residents: what are the most significant drug-related problems? The Bergen District Nursing Home (BEDNURS) study

Aim: Based on a multidisciplinary review of drug use in nursing home residents, this study aimed to identify the most frequent clinically relevant medication problems and to analyse them according to the drugs involved and types of problems. Methods: Cross sectional study auditing drug use by 1354 residents in 23 nursing homes in Bergen, Norway. Data were collected in 1997. A physician/pharmacist panel performed a comprehensive medication review with regard to indications for drug use and active medical conditions. The drug related problems were subsequently classified according to the drugs involved and types of problems (indication, effectiveness, and safety issues). Results: 2445 potential medication problems were identified in 1036 (76%) residents. Psychoactive drugs accounted for 38% of all problems; antipsychotics were the class most often involved. Multiple psychoactive drug use was considered particularly problematic. Potential medication problems were most frequently classified as risk of adverse drug reactions (26%), inappropriate drug choice for indication (20%), and underuse of beneficial treatment (13%). Conclusions: Three of four nursing home residents had clinically relevant medication problems, most of which were accounted for by psychoactive drugs. The most frequent concerns were related to adverse drug reactions, drug choice, and probable undertreatment.