Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subchronic Toxicity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Attenuation with the Help of a Combination of Bioprotectors

In the copper metallurgy workplace air is polluted with condensation aerosols, which a significant fraction of is presented by copper oxide particles <100 nm. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of their in vivo toxicity characterization and virtually no attempts of enhancing organism’s resistance to their impact. A stable suspension of copper oxide particles with mean (±SD) diameter 20 ± 10 nm was prepared by laser ablation of pure copper in water. It was being injected intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg (0.5 mg per mL of deionized water) three times a week up to 19 injections. In parallel, another group of rats was so injected with the same suspension against the background of oral administration of a “bio-protective complex” (BPC) comprising pectin, a multivitamin-multimineral preparation, some amino acids and fish oil rich in ω-3 PUFA. After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices for the organism’s status, as well as pathological changes of liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain microscopic structure were evaluated for signs of toxicity. In the same organs we have measured accumulation of copper while their cells were used for performing the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) test for DNA fragmentation. The same features were assessed in control rats infected intraperitoneally with water with or without administration of the BPC. The copper oxide nanoparticles proved adversely bio-active in all respects considered in this study, their active in vivo solubilization in biological fluids playing presumably an important role in both toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. The BPC proposed and tested by us attenuated systemic and target organs toxicity, as well as genotoxicity of this substance. Judging by experimental data obtained in this investigation, occupational exposures to nano-scale copper oxide particles can present a significant health risk while the further search for its management with the help of innocuous bioprotectors seems to be justified.
NADPH diaphorase histochemistry as a marker for barrels in rat somatosensory cortex.

The primary somatosensory area (S1) of rodents presents multicellular units called barrels which can be identified by different techniques (e.g., Nissl staining, cytochrome oxidase or succinate dehydrogenase histochemistry). We applied NADPH diaphorase histochemistry to tangential sections of rat neocortex to determine if the reactive neuropil also shows the same remarkable array observed with other techniques. We demonstrated NADPH diaphorase-positive barrels in all hemispheres tested. The barrels are recognized as patches where the neuropil is most reactive. Each barrel is separated from the other by a less labeled neuropil. Many NADPH diaphorase-positive neurons are seen along the section, but very few cells are found in the barrel field. In this region, most of the labeled neurons are localized in the less reactive region between the barrels, although a few NADPH diaphorase-positive cells can also be found inside the barrels.
Common- and Differential-Mode Conversion Induced by Asymmetry and Dielectric Coating in a Transmission Line System

The asymmetry/coating-induced mode conversion (ACIMC) effect in a transmission line system is discussed in this letter. This effect is proved only to be induced when asymmetry and coating exist simultaneously. The reason for ACIMC is that asymmetry and coating lead to the inconsistency of current division factors for electric and magnetic effects. Based on this idea, ACIMC is modeled by adding common-mode current-controlled voltage sources in differential circuits, and the results agree well with those obtained by the method of moments. Moreover, it is proved that balanced-state-matched terminal loads do not exist for a asymmetric and coated transmission line system, but approximate ones at low frequencies could still be found.
Cellular and subcellular localization of NMDA-R1 subunit immunoreactivity in the visual cortex of adult and neonatal rats

NMDA receptor activation can alter synaptic strength, cause cell death, and may modulate the release of glutamate and other neurotransmitters. Using a specific and selective antiserum directed against the R1 subunit of the NMDA receptor, we examined (1) whether NMDA receptors in the adult rat visual cortex are exclusively postsynaptic or also presynaptic and (2) whether NMDA-R1 subunits are incorporated into the plasma membrane prior to, contemporaneously, or following the formation of synapses during postnatal development. By light microscopy, NMDA-R1 immunoreactivity in the adult visual cortex is easily detectable within perikarya and proximal dendrites in laminae 2–6. Many of them have the morphological features of pyramidal neurons. In addition, fine punctate labeling is evident throughout the neuropil. Electron microscopy reveals these puncta to reside at postsynaptic densities of axospinous junctions and at fine astrocytic processes and axon terminals. In the deeper laminae, the majority of labeled profiles are astrocytic. Visual cortices of animals in their first postnatal week show concentrated immunoreactivity in a few nonpyramidal neurons within laminae that have just differentiated from the cortical plate. Electron microscopy reveals diffuse labeling along the plasma membrane of dendritic shafts lacking morphologically identifiable synaptic junctions or appositions to axons. Immunoreactivity is detectable in dendritic processes by postnatal day (PND) 2, in axonal processes by PND 4, and in astrocytic profiles by PND 14. Immunoreactivity also is detectable along the postsynaptic membrane of presumably transient axosomatic junctions. At all ages, the prevalence of NMDA-R1-immunoreactive profiles is lamina 1 > 4/5 > 6/6B. These results provide the cellular basis for NMDA receptors' participation in (1) postsynaptic membrane excitability, (2) regulation of transmitter release, (3) and, in the deeper laminae, astrocyte responses. During development, NMDA-R1 subunits are associated with the plasma membrane prior to axons' arrival while clustering of receptors to junctions may be promoted by axonal contact. Finally, spatial segregation of axonal growth cones may be mediated by NMDA-R1 subunits on these axonal processes.
RESEARCH IN CONTEXT: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON PLANT CELL WALLS Evidence for land plant cell wall biosynthetic mechanisms in charophyte green algae

Background The charophyte green algae (CGA) are thought to be the closest living relativesto the land plants,andancestralCGAwereuniqueingivingrisetothelandplantlineage.Thecellwallhasbeensuggestedtobea deﬁningstructure thatenabled the green algal ancestor to colonize land. These cell walls provide support andprotec-tion,areasourceofsignallingmolecules,andprovidedevelopmentalcuesforcelldifferentiationandelongation. Thecellwalloflandplantsisahighlycomplexﬁbrecomposite,characterizedbycellulosecross-linkedbynon-cellulosicpolysaccharides,suchasxyloglucan,embeddedinamatrixofpecticpolysaccharides.Howthelandplantcellwallevolvediscurrentlyunknown:early-divergentchlorophyteandprasinophytealgaegenomescontainalownumberofglycosyltransferases(GTs),whilelandplantscontainhundreds.ThenumberofGTsinCGAiscurrentlyunknown,asnogenomesareavailable,sothisstudysoughttogiveinsightintotheevolutionofthebiosyntheticmachineryofCGAthroughananalysisofavailabletranscriptomes. † Methods Available CGA transcriptomes were mined for cell wall biosynthesis GTs and compared with GTs characterized in land plants. In addition, gene cloning was employed in two cases to answer important evolutionary questions. † KeyResults Genetic evidencewas obtainedindicatingthatmanyofthe mostimportantcorecell wall polysacchar-ideshavetheirevolutionaryoriginsintheCGA,includingcellulose,mannan,xyloglucan,xylanandpectin,aswellasarabino-galactanprotein.Moreover,twoputativecellulosesynthase-likeDfamilygenes( CSLD s) from the CGA species Coleochaete orbicularis and a fragment of a putative CSLA / K -like sequence from a CGA Spirogyra species were cloned, providing the ﬁrst evidence that all the cellulose synthase/-like genes present in early-divergent land plants were already present in CGA. † Conclusions The results provide new insights into the evolution of cell walls and support the notion that the CGA were pre-adapted to life on land by virtue of the their cell wall biosynthetic capacity. These ﬁndings are highly sig- niﬁcant for understanding plant cell wall evolution as they imply that some features of land plant cell walls evolved prior to the transition to land, rather than having evolved as a result of selection pressures inherent in this transition.
Double Cluster Heads Model for Secure and Accurate Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks

Secure and accurate data fusion is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and has been extensively researched in the literature. In this paper, by combining clustering techniques, reputation and trust systems, and data fusion algorithms, we propose a novel cluster-based data fusion model called Double Cluster Heads Model (DCHM) for secure and accurate data fusion in WSNs. Different from traditional clustering models in WSNs, two cluster heads are selected after clustering for each cluster based on the reputation and trust system and they perform data fusion independently of each other. Then, the results are sent to the base station where the dissimilarity coefficient is computed. If the dissimilarity coefficient of the two data fusion results exceeds the threshold preset by the users, the cluster heads will be added to blacklist, and the cluster heads must be reelected by the sensor nodes in a cluster. Meanwhile, feedback is sent from the base station to the reputation and trust system, which can help us to identify and delete the compromised sensor nodes in time. Through a series of extensive simulations, we found that the DCHM performed very well in data fusion security and accuracy.
Evaluation of the effect of various beverages and food material on the color stability of provisional materials – An in vitro study

Aim: This study evaluated the color stability of four provisional materials: 1) Poly-methyl methacrylates (DPI); 2) Bis-acryl composite (ProtempTM II – 3M ESPE); 3) Bis-acryl composite (Systemp® c and b – Ivoclar Vivadent) and 4) Light polymerized composite resin (Revotek LC- GC). Materials and Methods: The color and color difference of each specimen after immersion in different staining solutions i.e. 1) tea and artificial saliva, 2) coffee and artificial saliva, 3) Pepsi and artificial saliva, 4) turmeric solution and artificial saliva was measured using reflectance spectrophotometer with CIELAB system before immersion and after immersion at 2, 5 ,7 , 10 and 15 days. Results: Revotek LC- GC (light polymerized composite resin) was found to be the most color stable provisional restorative material followed by Protemp II (Bis-acryl composite), Systemp (Bis-acryl composite) and DPI (Methylmethacrylate resin). Turmeric solution had the maximum staining potential followed by coffee, tea and Pepsi.
Risk Factors Associated With Pressure Ulcer Formation in Critically Ill Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery patients are among those most at risk for developing pressure ulcers (PUs), with a reported incidence as high as 29.5%. Although numerous studies documenting PU risk factors and prevention strategies exist, the availability of literature examining risk factors specific to the cardiac surgery population is limited. AIM: A systematic review was completed that aimed to identify the risk factors associated with PU development in critically ill, adult, cardiac surgery patients. METHODS: The MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched. Studies that focused on PU risk factors in critical care, surgical intensive care, or cardiac surgery populations and used PU occurrences as an outcome variable were included in the review. FINDINGS: Twelve high-quality studies were retrieved and included in the review; they revealed 30 potential PU risk factors. Current evidence is limited in 2 important ways. First, the impact of intraoperative factors, such as cardiopulmonary bypass time or body temperature, appears to be underexplored. Second, a substantive discussion of the risk factors associated specifically with deep tissue injuries, a unique PU category, is absent. CONCLUSION: The relatively high PU incidence among cardiac surgery patients suggests that typical PU prevention methods are insufficient for this population. Targeted prevention measures must be developed and implemented. Completion of this task required identification of risk factors unique to this population. Specific risk factors likely to increase risk among cardiac surgery patients include prolonged exposure to pressure during long surgical procedures, vascular disease, and/or vasopressor use postoperatively. Additional research concerning risk factors specific to this population is urgently needed.
Systemic inflammation and metabolic syndrome in stable COPD patients.

INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has extrapulmonary effects that seems to be related with systemic inflammation. The relationship between metabolic syndrome which is an important determinant of systemic inflammation in general population and COPD is still not clear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequency of metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as a marker of systemic inflammation in stable COPD patients with different severity levels and in age and sex matched control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-one stable COPD patients and 42 control subjects were included in the study. The severity level in patients with COPD were determined according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria. ATP III (The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III) was used in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Hs-CRP levels were measured in venous samples of patients and control subjects. RESULTS The frequency of metabolic syndrome was found higher in patient group than control subjects, especially in GOLD stages I, II (p= 0.004). Abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia components of metabolic syndrome were significantly more prevalent in patient group (p< 0.0001). Increased CRP levels were higher in control and patient groups in all GOLD stages, with metabolic syndrome than without metabolic syndrome (p= 0.047, p= 0.217, p< 0.001, p= 0.05, p= 0.467). CONCLUSION The study showed that frequency of metabolic syndrome was higher in stable COPD patients than control subjects and general Turkish population. Abdominal obesity, hypertension and hyperglycemia were significantly more prevalent in patient group. Systemic inflammation was more intense in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome than without metabolic syndrome.
Promotion effect of NP fire retardant pre-treatment on heat-treated poplar wood. Part 1: color generation, dimensional stability, and fire retardancy

Abstract Heat treatment (HT) enhances various properties of wood (W), but it takes a relatively long time and WHT is a source of fire hazard. To improve the properties of WHT, Populus beijingensis W. Y. Hsu wood was impregnated with nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) fire retardant (10% aqueous solution) and the effects of the combined NP treatment and HT were observed. Control groups included native wood and samples from WHT200°C, 120 min and WHT220°C, 120 min. The surface color, dimensional stability, and combustion properties of the treated samples were examined. NP pre-treatment intensified the effectivity of HT150°C, where the treatment time decreased by 75%. The decomposition and catalytic dehydration of NP treatment enhanced the dimensional stability and darkened the wood surface. After HT, the NP fire retardant was transformed from dispersive particles into a uniform layer on the inner surfaces of wood. The heat release rate (HRR) decreased by 60.3% and the residual mass (RM) increased by 61.1% in WNP, HT compared to normal WHT200°C poplar.
The ‘who’ and ‘what’ of #diabetes on Twitter

Social media are being increasingly used for health promotion, yet the landscape of users, messages and interactions in such fora is poorly understood. Studies of social media and diabetes have focused mostly on patients, or public agencies addressing it, but have not looked broadly at all of the participants or the diversity of content they contribute. We study Twitter conversations about diabetes through the systematic analysis of 2.5 million tweets collected over 8 months and the interactions between their authors. We address three questions. (1) What themes arise in these tweets? (2) Who are the most influential users? (3) Which type of users contribute to which themes? We answer these questions using a mixed-methods approach, integrating techniques from anthropology, network science and information retrieval such as thematic coding, temporal network analysis and community and topic detection. Diabetes-related tweets fall within broad thematic groups: health information, news, social interaction and commercial. At the same time, humorous messages and references to popular culture appear consistently, more than any other type of tweet. We classify authors according to their temporal ‘hub’ and ‘authority’ scores. Whereas the hub landscape is diffuse and fluid over time, top authorities are highly persistent across time and comprise bloggers, advocacy groups and NGOs related to diabetes, as well as for-profit entities without specific diabetes expertise. Top authorities fall into seven interest communities as derived from their Twitter follower network. Our findings have implications for public health professionals and policy makers who seek to use social media as an engagement tool and to inform policy design.
Gene selection and classification of pancreatic microarray datasets

Microarray data is measured with numerous features, selection of the most important genes from such data sets is an essential step towards maximizing classification accuracy. Machine learning algorithms have proved to be the most effective choice in gene selection and cancer classification research. In the past, human cancer classification was basically morphological, introduction of microarray technology has supported simultaneous and efficient analysis of thousands of cancer genes. We have applied combinations of a number of feature selection and classification machine learning algorithms in order to maximize classification accuracy and we have carried out differential expression analyses on the selected genes. Our proposed algorithms combinations yield better performance results than existing literature on these pancreatic datasets.
Low- and High-Ionization Absorption Properties of Mg II Absorption-selected Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts. II. Taxonomy, Kinematics, and Galaxies

We examine a sample of 45 Mg II absorption-selected systems over the redshift range 0.4-1.4 in order to better understand the range of physical conditions present in the interstellar and halo gas associated with intermediate redshift galaxies. Mg II and Fe II absorption profiles were observed at a resolution of ≃6 km s-1 with HIRES/Keck. Lyα and C IV data were measured in FOS spectra obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope archive (resolution ≃230 km s-1). We perform a multivariate analysis of Wr(Mg II), Wr(Fe II), Wr(C IV), and Wr(Lyα) (rest-frame equivalent widths) and the Mg II kinematic spread. There is a large range of high- to low-ionization properties and kinematics in intermediate-redshift absorbers, that we find can be organized into five categories: "classic," "C IV-deficient," "single/weak," "double," and "damped Lyα/H I-rich. " These categories arise, in part, because there is a strong connection between low-ionization kinematics and the location of an absorber on the Wr(C IV)-Wr(Mg II) plane. Using photoionization modeling, we infer that in most absorbers a significant fraction of the C IV arises in a phase separate from that giving rise to the Mg II. We show that many of the C IV profiles are resolved in the FOS spectra because of the velocity structure in the C IV gas. For 16 systems, the galaxy MK, MB, B-K, and impact parameters are measured. We compare the available absorption-line properties (taken from Paper I) to the galaxy properties but find no significant (greater than 3 σ) correlations, although several suggestive trends are apparent. We compare the locations of our intermediate redshift absorbers on the Wr(C IV)-Wr(Mg II) plane with those of lower and higher redshift data taken from the literature and find evidence for evolution that is connected with the Mg II kinematics seen in HIRES/Keck profiles of Mg II at z > 1.4. We discuss the potential of using the above categorizations of absorbers to understand the evolution in the underlying physical processes giving rise to the gas and governing its ionization phases and kinematics. We also discuss how the observed absorbing gas evolution has interesting parallels with scenarios of galaxy evolution in which mergers and the accretion of "protogalactic clumps" govern the gas physics and provide reservoirs for elevated star formation rates at high redshift. At intermediate and lower redshifts, the galaxy gaseous components and star formation rates may become interdependent and self-regulatory such that, at z ≤ 1, the kinematics and balance of high- and low-ionization gas may be related to the presence of star-forming regions in the host galaxy.
An Equation to Predict the Accuracy of Genomic Values by Combining Data from Multiple Traits, Populations, or Environments

Predicting the accuracy of estimated genomic values using genome-wide marker information is an important step in designing training populations. Currently, different deterministic equations are available to predict accuracy within populations, but not for multipopulation scenarios where data from multiple breeds, lines or environments are combined. Therefore, our objective was to develop and validate a deterministic equation to predict the accuracy of genomic values when different populations are combined in one training population. The input parameters of the derived prediction equation are the number of individuals and the heritability from each of the populations in the training population; the genetic correlations between the populations, i.e., the correlation between allele substitution effects of quantitative trait loci; the effective number of chromosome segments across predicted and training populations; and the proportion of the genetic variance in the predicted population captured by the markers in each of the training populations. Validation was performed based on real genotype information of 1033 Holstein–Friesian cows that were divided into three different populations by combining half-sib families in the same population. Phenotypes were simulated for multiple scenarios, differing in heritability within populations and in genetic correlations between the populations. Results showed that the derived equation can accurately predict the accuracy of estimating genomic values for different scenarios of multipopulation genomic prediction. Therefore, the derived equation can be used to investigate the potential accuracy of different multipopulation genomic prediction scenarios and to decide on the most optimal design of training populations.