Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin: population based cohort study

Objective To determine the real world risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with the use of the novel oral anticoagulants dabigatran and rivaroxaban compared with warfarin. Design Retrospective, propensity matched cohort study. Setting: Optum Labs Data Warehouse, a large database including administrative claims data on privately insured and Medicare Advantage enrollees. Participants New users of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin from 1 November 2010 to 30 September 2013. Main outcome measures Incidence rates (events/100 patient years) and propensity score matched Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rates of total gastrointestinal bleeds, upper gastrointestinal bleeds, and lower gastrointestinal bleeds for the novel oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin in patients with and without atrial fibrillation. Heterogeneity of treatment effect related to age was examined using a marginal effects model. Results The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with dabigatran was 2.29 (95% confidence interval 1.88 to 2.79) per 100 patient years and that associated with warfarin was 2.87 (2.41 to 3.41) per 100 patient years in patients with atrial fibrillation. In non-atrial fibrillation patients, the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was 4.10 (2.47 to 6.80) per 100 patient years with dabigatran and 3.71 (2.16 to 6.40) per 100 patient years with warfarin. With rivaroxaban, 2.84 (2.30 to 3.52) gastrointestinal bleeding events per 100 patient years occurred in atrial fibrillation patients (warfarin 3.06 (2.49 to 3.77)/100 patient years) and 1.66 (1.23 to 2.24) per 100 patient years in non-atrial fibrillation patients (warfarin 1.57 (1.25 to 1.99)/100 patient years). In propensity score matched models, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with novel oral anticoagulants was similar to that with warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients (dabigatran v warfarin, hazard ratio 0.79 (0.61 to 1.03); rivaroxaban v warfarin, 0.93 (0.69 to 1.25)) and in non-AF patients (dabigatran v warfarin, hazard ratio 1.14 (0.54 to 2.39); rivaroxaban v warfarin, 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32)). The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding increased after age 65, such that by age 76 the risk exceeded that with warfarin among atrial fibrillation patients taking dabigatran (hazard ratio 2.49 (1.61 to 3.83)) and patients with and without atrial fibrillation taking rivaroxaban (2.91 (1.65 to 4.81) and 4.58 (2.40 to 8.72), respectively). Conclusions: The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding related to novel oral anticoagulants was similar to that for warfarin. Caution should be used when prescribing novel oral anticoagulants to older people, particularly those over 75 years of age.
Interrole conflict as a predictor of job satisfaction and propensity to leave A study of professional accountants

Interrole conflict arises from incompatible role requirements between two or more work‐related roles. This study examined its effect on job satisfaction and propensity to leave. Data were collected from a sample of 251 professional accountants employed in Hong Kong firms. Results from hierarchical regression analyses revealed that interrole conflict was associated with low job satisfaction and high propensity to leave. In addition, finds that professional commitment moderated the relationship between interrole conflict and propensity to leave. Research and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Setting Material Function Design Targets for Linear Viscoelastic Materials and Structures

Rheologically complex materials are described by function-valued properties with dependence on a timescale (linear viscoelasticity), input amplitude (nonlinear material behavior), or more generally both (nonlinear viscoelasticity). This complexity presents a difficulty when trying to utilize these material systems in engineering designs. Here, we focus on linear viscoelasticity and a methodology to identify the desired viscoelastic behavior. This is an early-stage design step to optimize target (function-valued) properties before choosing or synthesizing a real material. In linear viscoelasticity, it is not obvious which properties can be treated as independent design variables. Thus, it is nontrivial to select the most design-appropriate constitutive model, to be as general as possible, but not violate fundamental restrictions. We use the Kramers–Kronig constraint to show that frequency-dependent moduli (e.g., shear moduli G′(ω) and G″(ω)) cannot be treated as two independent design variables. Rather, a single function such as the relaxation modulus (e.g., K(t) for force-relaxation or G(t) for stress relaxation) is an appropriate function-valued design variable. A simple case study is used to demonstrate the framework in which we identify target properties for a vibration isolation system. Viscoelasticity improves performance. Different parameterizations of the kernel function are optimized and compared for performance. While parameterization may limit the generality of the kernel function, we do include a nonobvious representation (power law) that is found in real viscoelastic material systems and in the spring-dashpot paradigm would require an infinite number of components. Our methodology provides a means to answer the question, “What viscoelastic properties are desirable? ” This ability to identify targeted behavior will be useful for subsequent stages of the design process including the selection or synthesis of real materials.
A Novel Approach of Transformer Oil Quality Analysis Using Image Processing

Electrical energy is the paramount need in a nation’s development. To cater for large demand for electricity there is a need for reliable and proficient power system. For a power system to work reliably, the role of Transformers is critical. Health of the transformer mainly depends on its insulation. Among the different insulating material used in transformers, mineral oil is the most widely used as insulating medium in oil filled transformers. The performance of the transformer depends on the quality of the insulating oil. Hence, the oil quality analysis becomes essential. Traditionally chemical diagnostic criteria are used for oil quality evaluation. However, this conventional method is expensive and time consuming. Extensive experimental evaluation has been fruitful to establish the acidity and tanδ of the transformer oil. Here, we are proposing Image processing technique to estimate the oil properties, which is inexpensive and effective technique. Namely Texture Entropy is extended to compute the Neutralization Number (NN) or Acidity and tanδ (Dissipation factor). Further they compared.
TECHNOLOGICAL AND LOCATION STRATEGIES OF THE LARGEST FOREIGN MNCs IN THE EUROPEAN REGIONS

This paper investigates the location of foreign-owned MNC technological activities in the European regions over the period 1987-1995. Specifically, it focuses on the different strategies driving MNCs’ locational choice (to exploit or augment competencies developed in their home base), the influence of the potential for intraand inter-industry spillovers, and externalities stemming from the local scientific and educational base. The empirical investigation uses patents granted in the US to the world’s largest industrial firms for inventions achieved in their European-located operations, classified by the host European region in which the research facility responsible is located. The model developed explains spatial patterns of activity by foreign-owned firms and shows that inter-industry spillovers positively affect all types of activity, science-technology spillovers affect only those classified as 'home base augmenting', while intra-industry spillovers depend on whether they originate from domestically-owned or other foreign-owned firms.
Diversity of the Bacterial Microbiota of Anopheles Mosquitoes from Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam

The naturally acquired microbiota of Anopheles can influence vector’s susceptibility to Plasmodium and its capacity to transmit them. Microbiota modification is a new challenge to limit disease transmission but it still needs advanced knowledges on bacterial community in Anopheles, especially in wild and infected specimens from diverse origin and species. Bacterial culture and 16S rRNA gene-PCR associated to Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) were applied to explore the bacterial diversity in the abdomen of 100 wild specimens (eight Anopheles species) collected in the Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam. Culture and PCR-TTGE were complementary. The bacterial richness of the mosquito collection encompassed 105 genera belonging to seven phyla, mostly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Staphylococcus, Clostridium, and Bacillus in Firmicutes were the most prevalent genera. However, Proteobacteria represented by 57 genera was the most diversified phylum in Anopheles microbiota. The high overall of Anopheles-associated bacteria is confirmed with, to our knowledge, 51 genera described for the first time in Anopheles microbiota. However, the diversity per specimen was low with average diversity index and the average Shannon–Wiener score (H) of 4.843 and 5.569, respectively. The most represented bacterial genera were present in <30% of the specimens. Consequently, the core microbiota share by Anopheles from Binh Phuoc was very narrow, suggesting that Anopheles microbiota was greatly influenced by local environments. The repertory of bacterial genera in two specimens of An. dirus and An. pampanai naturally infected by Plasmodium vivax was also described as preliminary results. Finally, this study completed the repertory of bacteria associated to wild Anopheles. Anopheles associated-bacteria appeared specimen-dependent rather than mosquitoe species- or group-dependent. Their origin and the existence of Anopheles-specific bacterial taxa are discussed.
Rapidly Variable Fe Kα Line in NGC 4051

We present a detailed analysis on the variability of the Fe K emission line in NGC 4051 using ASCA data. Through simple Gaussian line fits, we find not only obvious Fe K line variability with no significant difference in the X-ray continuum flux between two ASCA observations that were separated by ~ 440 days, but also rapid variability of the Fe K line on timescales ~104 s within the second observation. During the second observation, the line is strong (EW=733+206−219 eV) and broad (σ=0.96+0.49−0.35 keV) when the source is brightest and becomes weaker (EW=165+87−86 eV) and narrower (σ<0.09 keV) while the source is weakest. The equivalent width of the Fe K line correlates positively with the continuum flux, which shows an opposite trend with another Seyfert type 1 galaxy, MCG -6-30-15.
Electoral structure and urban policy : the impact on Mexican American communities

Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov is the leader of Russia's resurgent Communist Party and was Boris Yeltsin's strongest challenger in the summer 1996 presidential elections. Although his face became familiar to the world at that time, his ideas and his programme were mainly a subject of speculation. A former village teacher from Orel Province, Zyuganov came to Moscow in the 1980s to work in the ideology department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and to complete doctoral work in philosophy at Moscow State University. He is a prolific writer who has rebuilt the Communist Party on his vision of a Russian socialist great power. Today he leads the Communist faction in the Duma and is chairman of the united opposition movement - the National Patriotic Union. This volume is a compilation of Zyuganov's writings on Russia's past and present and her place in the world Russia's fate under the new leadership of Gorbachev and Yeltsin his own vision of Russia's future under a new Communist leadership and his reflections on the 1996 presidential election of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
Mediators of Inflammation and Their Effect on Resident Renal Cells: Implications in Lupus Nephritis

Lupus nephritis affects up to 70% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance, production of autoantibodies, and deposition of immune complexes within the kidney parenchyma, resulting in local inflammation and subsequent organ damage. To date, numerous mediators of inflammation have been implicated in the development and progression of lupus nephritis, and these include cytokines, chemokines, and glycosaminoglycans. Of these, type I interferons (IFNs) can increase both gene and protein expression of cytokines and chemokines associated with lupus susceptibility, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hyaluronan have been shown to elicit both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on infiltrating and resident renal cells depending on the status of their microenvironment. Expression of IL-6, TNF-α, type I IFNs, and hyaluronan are increased in the kidneys of patients and mice with active lupus nephritis and have been shown to contribute to disease pathogenesis. There is also evidence that despite clinical remission, ongoing inflammatory processes may occur within the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments of the kidney, which further promote kidney injury. In this review, we provide an overview of the synthesis and putative roles of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-α, and hyaluronan in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis focusing on their effects on human mesangial cells and proximal renal tubular epithelial cells.
Explaining the gap between policy aspirations and implementation: The case of university knowledge transfer policy in the United Kingdom

The paper proposes a conceptual framework to explain why, particularly when policies deal with complex and ambiguous issues, an increasing gap may open up between government-set objectives and the instruments used for policy implementation and evaluation: the former are characterized by increasing breadth and ambiguity, while the latter become progressively narrower in scope. The case of policies in support of university-industry knowledge transfer in the United Kingdom is used as an illustration of how these processes can play out in practice.
Determinants of the requested rate of return and the rate of return granted in a formal regulatory process. [Data for 4 Florida utilities, 1960--1976]

This paper contains further analysis of the questions discussed in two papers by Joskow concerning what rate of return a regulated firm will request and what rate of return it will be granted in a formal regulatory process. Using Florida data, this paper extends Joskow's approach by examining both the selectivity and the simultaneity of the rate of return requested and the rate of return granted. Both a "probit two-stage least squares" and a "tobit two-stage least squares" model are estimated and the results differ significantly from the OLS estimates.
Optimal pin fin arrangement of heat sink design and thermal analysis for central processing unit

Heat sink is the most popular device used for electronic cooling. A continuing in increasing of power density in CPU processor, by reducing the size of electronic products has led to the importance of thermal management issue in this industry. This issue will reduce the performance of the CPU processor and indirectly affects the lifetime of the electronics package. In order to avoid these consequences, therefore, heat sink with high heat transfer rate is need. The selection of suitable heat sink geometries requires a compromise among the availability of space, weight, and cost as well as the heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink model surface. This study aims to provide the optimal arrangement of heat sink by using random approach that randomly generated the position of pin by visualized the thermal profile using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The finding of this study propose a new arrangement (optimal) of the pin fin that be able to give better thermal performance which are 2.84 percent and 0.63 percent compared to the conventional design, which is inline and staggered arrangement. To develop a simple and effective random approach arrangement can significantly contribute to the advancement of thermal performance solution and catering the industrial needs.
A Robust User Authentication Scheme for Multi-Server Environment Using Smart Cards

Remote user authentication is a very important ingredient procedure for the network system service to authenticate whether a remote user is legal through any insecure channel. Recently, Hsiang-Shih proposed a dynamic ID based remote user authentication scheme for multi-server environment as an improved scheme over Liao and Wang’s scheme, and asserted that their scheme can escape from masquerade attack, server spoofing attack, etc. In this paper, we show that Hsiang and Shih’s scheme still suffers from the insider's attack and masquerade attack. To mend the problem, we offer a procedure to improve HsiangShih’s scheme. Our scheme is suitable for applications with higher security requirement.
Nanomechanical Property Maps of Breast Cancer Cells As Determined by Multiharmonic Atomic Force Microscopy Reveal Syk-Dependent Changes in Microtubule Stability Mediated by MAP1B

The Syk protein-tyrosine kinase, a well-characterized modulator of immune recognition receptor signaling, also plays important, but poorly characterized, roles in tumor progression, acting as an inhibitor of cellular motility and metastasis in highly invasive cancer cells. Multiharmonic atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to map nanomechanical properties of live MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells either lacking or expressing Syk. The expression of Syk dramatically altered the cellular topography, reduced cell height, increased elasticity, increased viscosity, and allowed visualization of a more substantial microtubule network. The microtubules of Syk-expressing cells were more stable to nocodazole-induced depolymerization and were more highly acetylated than those of Syk-deficient cells. Silencing of MAP1B, a major substrate for Syk in MDA-MB-231 cells, attenuated Syk-dependent microtubule stability and reversed much of the effect of Syk on cellular topography, stiffness, and viscosity. This study illustrates the use of multiharmonic AFM both to quantitatively map the local nanomechanical properties of living cells and to identify the underlying mechanisms by which these properties are modulated by signal transduction machinery.
Effects of a reduction in employers' social security contributions: Evidence from Spain

Programs to reduce employers' social security contributions are being widely discussed in both the political arena and academic forums as tools for promoting economic growth and boosting employment. This paper employs a computable general equilibrium model to assess the economic impact on the national economy of the proposals from the Spanish Confederation of Enterprise Organizations about reducing the social security contributions paid by employers. The results show that the proposals fail to reduce unemployment when they are combined with compensation by revenues from indirect taxes; whereas compensation through increased personal income taxes shows positive results on unemployment in exchange for decreases in private consumption.
Brain Structural Substrates of Reward Dependence during Behavioral Performance

Interindividual differences in the effects of reward on performance are prevalent and poorly understood, with some individuals being more dependent than others on the rewarding outcomes of their actions. The origin of this variability in reward dependence is unknown. Here, we tested the relationship between reward dependence and brain structure in healthy humans. Subjects trained on a visuomotor skill-acquisition task and received performance feedback in the presence or absence of reward. Reward dependence was defined as the statistical trial-by-trial relation between reward and subsequent performance. We report a significant relationship between reward dependence and the lateral prefrontal cortex, where regional gray-matter volume predicted reward dependence but not feedback alone. Multivoxel pattern analysis confirmed the anatomical specificity of this relationship. These results identified a likely anatomical marker for the prospective influence of reward on performance, which may be of relevance in neurorehabilitative settings.
Escaping the resource curse

Foreword, by George SorosAcknowledgments1. Introduction: What Is the Problem with Natural Resource Wealth? , by Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Joseph E. StiglitzPart I: Dealing with Oil Corporations2. What Is the Role of the State? , by Joseph E. Stiglitz3. How to Evaluate the Fiscal Terms of Oil Contracts, by David Johnston4. How to Negotiate an Oil Agreement, by Jenik Radon5. How Best to Auction Oil Rights, by Peter CramtonPart II: Managing the Macroeconomy 6. Are Oil Producers Rich? , by Geoffrey Heal7. How to Handle the Macroeconomics of Oil Wealth, by Jeffrey D. Sachs8. The Political Economy of Natural Resource Funds, by Macartan Humphreys and Martin E. SandbuPart III: Handling the Politics 9. How Mineral-Rich States Can Reduce Inequality, by Michael L. Ross10. Ensuring Fairness: The Case for a Transparent Fiscal Social Contract, by Terry Lynn Karl11. Critical Issues for a Revenue Management Law, by Joseph C. Bell and Teresa Maurea Faria12. Future Directions for the Management of Natural Resources, by Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, andJoseph E. StiglitzAppendices1. Abridged Sao Tome and Principe Oil Law2. Abridged Timor-Leste Oil Law3. Glossary of Oil Terms4. Web Site ReferencesContributorsIndex
Gastric cancer detection using gastric juice pepsinogen and melanoma-associated gene RNA.

OBJECTIVES To develop a new method for gastric cancer detection with gastric juice using melanoma-associated gene (MAGE) RNA and pepsinogen (PG). METHODS In total, 183 gastric juice and paired serum specimens were obtained from 134 patients with gastric cancer and 49 healthy individuals. The gastric juice specimens were analyzed with MAGE A1 to A6 nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The serum and gastric juice PG were measured with a PG I and II immunoassay. RESULTS The gastric juice PG I and PG I/II ratios were more accurate than those of serum. The combination test using the gastric PG I/II ratio and MAGE was the most accurate, with a sensitivity of 77.6% and a specificity of 87.8%. The sensitivity was 78.8% for stage I gastric cancer and not influenced by cancer location or pathologic type. CONCLUSIONS The combination test is potentially an additional tool for gastric cancer detection.