Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
JC Virus Mediates Invasion and Migration in Colorectal Metastasis

Introduction JC Virus (JCV), a human polyomavirus, is frequently present in colorectal cancers (CRCs). JCV large T-Ag (T-Ag) expressed in approximately half of all CRC's, however, its functional role in CRC is poorly understood. We hypothesized that JCV T-Ag may mediate metastasis in CRC cells through increased migration and invasion. Material and Methods CRC cell lines (HCT116 and SW837) were stably transfected with JCV early transcript sequences cloned into pCR3 or empty vectors. Migration and invasion assays were performed using Boyden chambers. Global gene expression analysis was performed to identify genetic targets and pathways altered by T-Ag expression. Microarray results were validated by qRT-PCR, protein expression analyses and immunohistochemistry. Matching primary CRCs and liver metastases from 33 patients were analyzed for T-Ag expression by immunohistochemistry. Results T-Ag expressing cell lines showed 2 to 3-fold increase in migration and invasion compared to controls. JCV T-Ag expression resulted in differential expression of several genetic targets, including genes that mediate cell migration and invasion. Pathway analysis suggested a significant involvement of these genes with AKT and MAPK signaling. Treatment with selective PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway inhibitors resulted in reduced migration and invasion. In support of our in-vitro results, immunohistochemical staining of the advanced stage tumors revealed frequent JCV T-Ag expression in metastatic primary tumors (92%) as well as in their matching liver metastasis (73%). Conclusion These data suggest that JCV T-Ag expression in CRC associates with a metastatic phenotype, which may partly be mediated through the AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. Frequent expression of JCV T-Ag in CRC liver metastasis provides further clues supporting a mechanistic role for JCV as a possible mediator of cellular motility and invasion in CRC.
Same-race faces are perceived more holistically than other-race faces

People are better at recognizing same- than other-race faces but the theoretical explanation of this phenomenon is still controversial. Here we tested the hypothesis that the “other-race effect” is related to a reduced ability to encode configural information on other-race faces. Caucasian and Asian participants had to match whole faces to isolated facial features, or onto whole faces differing by a single feature, on both Caucasian and Asian faces. Participants performed better with whole faces as compared to isolated features, demonstrating a “holistic processing” of faces (Tanaka & Farah, 1993). For Caucasian participants, this “whole/ part advantage” was observed only for Caucasian faces. Asian participants who had been living for about a year among Caucasians had a comparable whole/part advantage regardless the race of the faces. These results indicate that same-race faces are processed more holistically than other-race faces, as a result of experience. However, despite processing Caucasian faces as holistically as Asian faces in this paradigm, Asian subjects still presented a large other-race effect. This observation suggests that holistic encoding may be a necessary step in order to be able to recognize other-race faces efficiently, but that it is by no means sufficient to overcome the other-race face effect.
Overtensing and the effect of regularity

Regularly inflected forms often behave differently in language production than irregular forms. These differences are often used to argue that irregular forms are listed in the lexicon but regular forms are produced by rule. Using an experimental speech production task with adults, it is shown that overtensing errors, where a tensed verb is used in place of an infinitive, predominantly involve irregular forms, but that the differences may be due to phonological confounds, not to regularity per se. Errors involve vowel-changing irregular forms more than suffixing inflected forms, with at best a small difference between regular -ed and irregular -en. Frequency effects on overtensing errors require a model in which the past-tense and base forms of the verb are in competition and in which activation functions are nonlinear, and rule out models with specialized subnetworks for past-tense forms. Implications for theories of language production are discussed.
Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. A 28-year experience.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study were to review the experience with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and to determine what factors influenced the long-term outcome in these patients. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is the second most common periampullary malignancy. However, most series have relatively small numbers. As a result, analysis of factors influencing outcome has been limited. METHODS From 1969 to 1996, 120 patients with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater were managed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Clinical, operative, and pathologic factors were correlated with morbidity and long-term survival. Factors influencing outcome were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Resection was performed in 106 patients (88%), and 105 of these patients (99%) underwent either pancreatoduodenal resection (n = 103) or total pancreatectomy (n = 2). Resection rate increased from 62% in the 1970s to 82% in the 1980s to 96% in the 1990s (p < 0.05). Overall mortality after resection was 3.8% with no mortality in the 45 consecutive patients resected in the past 5 years. Morbidity also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 70% before to 38% after December 1992. Five-year survival for resected patient was 38%. Factors favorably influencing long-term outcome were resection (p < 0.001), no perioperative blood transfusions (p < 0.05), negative lymph node status (p = 0.05), and moderate or well-differentiated tumors (p < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, the best predictor of prolonged survival was absence of intraoperative transfusion (p = 0.06, relative risk = 1.90, 95% confidence limits = 0.95-3.78). CONCLUSIONS Compared to carcinoma of the pancreas, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater has a higher resectability rate and a better prognosis. Early diagnosis is important because lymph node status influences survival. Careful operative dissection and avoidance of transfusions also improves long-term survival.
A Model for Multiparametric MRI Tissue Characterization in Experimental Cerebral Ischemia With Histological Validation in Rat: Part 1

Background and Purpose— After stroke, brain tissue undergoes time-dependent heterogeneous histopathological change. These tissue alterations have MRI characteristics that allow segmentation of ischemic from nonischemic tissue. Moreover, MRI segmentation generates different zones within the lesion that may reflect heterogeneity of tissue damage. Methods— A vector tissue signature model is presented that uses multiparametric MRI for segmentation and characterization of tissue. An objective (unsupervised) computer segmentation algorithm was incorporated into this model with the use of a modified version of the Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA). The ability of the model to characterize ischemic tissue after permanent middle cerebral ischemia occlusion in the rat was tested. Multiparametric ISODATA measurements of the ischemic tissue were compared with quantitative histological characterization of the tissue from 4 hours to 1 week after stroke. Results— The ISODATA segmentation of tissue identified a gradation of cerebral tissue damage at all time points after stroke. The histological scoring of ischemic tissue from 4 hours to 1 week after stroke on all the animals was significantly correlated with ISODATA segmentation (r =0.78, P <0.001; n=20) when a multiparametric (T2-, T1-, diffusion-weighted imaging) data set was used, less correlated (r =0.70, P <0.01; n=20) when a T2- and T1-weighted data set was used, and not correlated (r =−0.12, P >0.47; n=20) when only a diffusion-weighted imaging data set was used. Conclusions— Our data indicate that an integrated set of MRI parameters can distinguish and stage ischemic tissue damage in an objective manner.
Restitution or Parole: A Follow-Up Study of Adult Offenders

A study was conducted comparing eighteen male property offenders released on parole to the Minnesota Restitution Center after four months' imprisonment to a group of matched offenders who were released to conventional parole supervision. The two groups were individually matched on the variables of age at first offense, previous felony convictions, age at release, type of offense, and race. Follow-up occurred at sixteen months after release; official records were used to determine new offenses, parole-violation reports, the percentage of time employed, and to secure an overall assessment of parole success. The restitution group had fewer convictions, were employed for a higher percentage of time, and were rated higher on the Glaser scale of parole success. The study, although limited, offers support for continued experimentation with the use of restitution as an alternative to imprisonment for property offenders.
Identity, Self, and Personality: I. Identity Status and the Five-Factor Model of Personality

This study tested the relation between Marcia's (1966) four categories of identity development and the five-factor model of personality. Procedurally, this study consisted of relating the Adams, Bennion, and Huh (1989) Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS) to Costa and McCrae's (1985) NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) in a sample of 198 young adults. Based on past empirical findings, a negative relation between foreclosure and openness to experience was predicted and confirmed. Identity achievement was predicted and found to involve low neuroticism and high conscientiousness. Although unexpected from past empirical findings, identity achievers were also very extraverted. Both moratorium and diffusion were predicted and found to involve neuroticism. Additionally, these statuses correlated inversely with conscientiousness, and diffusion correlated negatively with agreeableness. These results support the suggestion that diffusion status involves not so much a lack of identity as a nega.
The mediating role of psychological needs in the relation between qualitative job insecurity and counterproductive work behavior

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to add to the understanding of the qualitative job insecurity, i.e. the insecurity about the continuity of valued job aspects in future. Specifically, the paper examines whether qualitative job insecurity is related to counterproductive work behavior (CWB), both directed to the organization (i.e. CWB-O) and other individuals at work (i.e. CWB-I), and whether frustration of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, belongingness and competence, as defined in self-determination theory, may account for these relationships. Design/methodology/approach – The hypothesis were examined using structural equation modeling in heterogeneous sample of Romanian employees. Findings – Results support the hypotheses showing that feeling insecure about one's valued job aspects associates with high levels of need frustration and, therefore, also with both CWB-O and CWB-I. While each of the accounted for the associations of qualitative insecurity and CWB-O, only frustration of the need.
Conservation genetics of extremely isolated urban populations of the northern dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) in New York City

Urbanization is a major cause of amphibian decline. Stream-dwelling plethodontid salamanders are particularly susceptible to urbanization due to declining water quality and hydrological changes, but few studies have examined these taxa in cities. The northern dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) was once common in the New York City metropolitan area, but has substantially declined throughout the region in recent decades. We used five tetranucleotide microsatellite loci to examine population differentiation, genetic variation, and bottlenecks among five remnant urban populations of dusky salamanders in NYC. These genetic measures provide information on isolation, prevalence of inbreeding, long-term prospects for population persistence, and potential for evolutionary responses to future environmental change. All populations were genetically differentiated from each other, and the most isolated populations in Manhattan have maintained very little genetic variation (i.e. <20% heterozygosity). A majority of the populations also exhibited evidence of genetic bottlenecks. These findings contrast with published estimates of high genetic variation within and lack of structure between populations of other desmognathine salamanders sampled over similar or larger spatial scales. Declines in genetic variation likely resulted from population extirpations and the degradation of stream and terrestrial paths for dispersal in NYC. Loss of genetic variability in populations isolated by human development may be an underappreciated cause and/or consequence of the decline of this species in urbanized areas of the northeast USA.
Cognitive and emotional characteristics of New Religious Movement members: New questions and data on the mental health issue

The common assumption that members of so-called “cults” and New Religious Movements (NRMs) have mental health problems is usually countered by empirical research suggesting a normal personality profile. Going further than the normality–pathology distinction, we investigated affective-relational (parental and adult attachment) and cognitive (need for closure) needs, world assumptions, and past and present depression as reported by members (N = 113) of a variety of NRMs in Belgium that are somewhat socially contested. Comparisons were made with data from the general population. Results suggest a fragile past (insecure attachment history, high need for closure, and depressive tendencies) but a positive present (positive world assumptions, security in adult attachment, no depression) and an optimistic future, at least on the basis of self-perceptions. Overall, the pattern of results fit well with what we know from psychology of conversion in general.
Revised Scale for Ambiguity Tolerance: Reliability and Validity

Increasing the 16-item Rydell-Rosen Ambiguity Tolerance Scale to 20 items raised the reliability from . 64 to . 86 (split-half, corrected by Spearman-Brown). The 20-item scale (AT-20) was cross-validated on a sample of 789 undergraduate students. Retest reliability was estimated at . 63 (p < .01) for a 6-mo. interval. As predicted, AT-20 related to (a) performance in a complex task, (b) the F Scale, (c) dogmatism, (d) rigidity, and (e) church attendance. The AT-20 was not affected by social desirability response bias as measured by the Marlowe-Crowne.
Effective Group Decision Making in Organizations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relationship between group interaction quality and group decision performance can be generalized to established organizational groups. Four hypotheses derived from previous historical and laboratory studies of group decision-making efficacy were examined using nine established, ongoing decision-making groups obtained from a large utility company in the midwest. The results of the study generally support the process-outcome relationship. Specifically, it was discovered that group decision performance is directly related to a group's efforts to analyze and understand its task and objective(s) as well as identify the positive and negative qualities of alternative choices. These findings reaffirm the claim that group decision performance is enhanced by a group's ability to engage in vigilant interaction prior to arriving at a decision.
A uniform experience? Reflections on implementing rules into practice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the appropriateness of the term “implementing into practice” when describing the way nurse managers attempt to ensure staff compliance with hospital policy.Design/methodology/approach – A narrative exploration of an unexpectedly difficult interaction with a nurse concerning their non‐adherence to uniform policy, drawing on the theoretical frameworks of writers such as Mead, Stacey and Elias.Findings – Personal and shared reflections on this surprising interaction have uncovered many layers of complexity, not only in an individual's adherence or non‐adherence to policy, but also in the whole process of determining and communicating the need for behavioural changes.Originality/value – Though “implementing into practice” is commonly used in reference to the nurse manager's responsibility for compliance with hospital policy, the term is misleading and appears to derive from taken‐for‐granted assumptions about organisational systems and models of communication.
Mobility and falls in people with Huntington's disease

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of falls in people with Huntington's disease (HD) and make a preliminary assessment of tools appropriate for assessing the risk of falling. Design: Observational study. Setting: Hospital clinic. Subjects: 24 people with HD. Main measures: Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed “Up & Go” (TUG) test. Walking speed over 10 m was recorded. Long-term monitoring of walking activity was undertaken. Unified Huntington Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor, Functional Assessment Scale (FAS), Independence Scale (IS) and Total Functional Capacity (TFC) scores were obtained as well as data about falls and stumbles. Differences between “recurrent fallers” (≥2 falls/year) and “non-fallers” (≤1 fall/year) for the range of outcome measures were investigated and probabilities calculated. Results: Mean (SD) age (years) of people with HD (n=24) tested was 56.6 (11.7) and BMI (kg/m2) 24.7 (5.5). Median (range) UHDRS motor scores were 48 (28-80). Ten (41.6%) patients reported ≤1 fall and 14 (58.3%) ≥2 falls in the previous 12 months. Recurrent fallers walked less (p<0.01) and slower than non-fallers. Their balance (BBS) (p<0.01) was worse and TUG scores were higher (p<0.01). People with HD had increased risk of falls if TUG scores were ≥14 s or BBS scores ≤40. Conclusion: A high proportion of HD patients have recurrent falls, and the BBS and TUG appear to be useful in falls risk assessment.
Theory of mind: children's understanding of mental states

For more than three decades, theory of mind (ToM) has been one of the leading and prevalent issues in developmental psychology. ToM is the ability to ascribe mental states (e.g. beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge) to oneself and others as well as to recognise that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that differ from one's own. The purpose of this article is to provide a background on ToM's theoretical origins, describe young children's understanding of mental states, explain the use of false beliefs tasks as an assessment measure, report several false belief studies and their age-related variations, describe the children's mental models, and summarise the children's understanding of mental states.
Distinct Priming Kinases Contribute to Differential Regulation of Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Vivo*

Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of neuron-enriched proteins that regulate neurite outgrowth and growth cone dynamics. Here, we show that Cdk5 phosphorylates CRMP1, CRMP2, and CRMP4, priming for subsequent phosphorylation by GSK3 in vitro. In contrast, DYRK2 phosphorylates and primes CRMP4 only. The Cdk5 and DYRK2 inhibitor purvalanol decreases the phosphorylation of CRMP proteins in neurons, whereas CRMP1 and CRMP2, but not CRMP4, phosphorylation is decreased in Cdk5–/– cortices. Stimulation of neuroblastoma cells with IGF1 or TPA decreases GSK3 activity concomitantly with CRMP2 and CRMP4 phosphorylation. Conversely, increased GSK3 activity is not sufficient to increase CRMP phosphorylation. However, the growth cone collapse-inducing protein Sema3A increases Cdk5 activity and promotes phosphorylation of CRMP2 (but not CRMP4). Therefore, inhibition of GSK3 alters phosphorylation of all CRMP isoforms; however, individual isoforms can be differentially regulated by their respective priming kinase. This is the first GSK3 substrate found to be regulated in this manner and may explain the hyperphosphorylation of CRMP2 observed in Alzheimer's disease.
The affective consequences of social comparison as related to professional burnout and social comparison orientation

In a study among sociotherapists, the affective consequences of social comparison were examined and related to professional burnout and to individual differences in social comparison orientation. Participants were confronted with a bogus interview with an upward versus a downward comparison target. Upward comparison generated more positive and less negative affect than did downward comparison. Increasing levels of burnout were accompanied by less positive affect in response to upward comparison. Moreover, the higher the level of burnout, the more negative affect a description of a downward comparison target evoked, but only among individuals high in social comparison orientation. Finally, the higher the level of burnout, the higher the identification with the downward target, and the lower the identification with the upward target. However, this last effect did occur only among those low in social comparison orientation. Those high in social comparison orientation kept identifying with the upward target, even when they were high in burnout. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Two Training Procedures on Observer Agreement and Variability of Behavior Ratings.

WILDMAN, BETH C. ; ERICKSON, MARILYN T. ; and KENT, RONALD N. The Effect of Two Training Procedures on Observer Agreement and Variability of Behavior Ratings. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1975, 46, 520-524. Observer reliability and number of behaviors rated were compared following 2 types of observer training: 1 trainer versus self-training. Overtly and covertly assessed reliabilities for the 2 groups were also obtained for both within-pair and between-pair combinations. Each group was comprised of 4 pairs of observers. Although the 2 groups obtained similar levels of observer reliability, the 1-trainer group rated significantly more behaviors than the selftraining group, suggesting that the 2 groups were applying the Disruptive Behavior Code differently. The variance of the mean number of disruptive behaviors rated per interval for the 1-trainer group was significantly smaller than the variance for the self-training group. Overtly assessed reliabilities were found to be higher than covertly assessed reliabilities, and the reliabilities within observer pairs were higher than those between observer pairs. The results suggest that more adequate standards for the training of observers and the reporting of observer reliability be adopted by investigators.
The Role of Perceived Organizational Performance in Organizational Identification, Adjustment and Job Performance

Favourable organizational status and prestige has a substantial role in shaping constituents' attitudes and actions. The status and prestige of an organization is often a reflection of its achievements or performance. In the present study, we investigate the role of organizational performance or achievement (as assessed by organizational members) in evoking employees' identification, adjustment, and job performance. The results of this study indicate that two forms of organizational performance (labelled as "perceived social responsibility and development" and "perceived market and financial performance") are associated with organizational identification. However, when compared to perceived market and financial performance, perceived social responsibility and development had a larger effect on organizational identification, which in turn resulted in enhanced employees' work outcomes - adjustment and job performance. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007.