Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a survey of strategies used by emergency physicians.

PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to document imaging practices and diagnostic strategies used by emergency physicians in patients with suspected high-probability pulmonary embolism (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire investigating the diagnostic strategies used by the emergency physicians in the evaluation of venous thromboembolism was mailed electronically to all emergency department residents and specialists practicing in 62 medical institutions in Turkey. The questionnaire gathered information about the availability and frequency of use of diagnostic imaging modalities in different scenarios in patients with suspected high-probability PE. RESULTS Echocardiography, helical computed tomography (CT), and D-dimer test were the most available tools around the clock with a frequency of use of 78%, 73%, and 67%, respectively. One hundred and nineteen of 176 respondents (68%) reported that they request D-dimer "invariably" before performing an imaging examination in patients with suspected highprobability PE (SHPPE). Before ordering advanced imaging, 136 EPs (77%) would always obtain chest radiographs. Fifty-four residents (55%) and 39 specialists (51%) indicated that CTPA would likely be the first examination for patients with SHPPE and with signs of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (P = 0.8). The most frequently selected examination for patients with SHPPE and without signs of DVT was CTPA, reported by 69 of the residents (70%) and 53 of the specialists (69%) (P = 0.9). CONCLUSION This survey did not show significant variations either in the practices and policies used by emergency physicians, or in the methodological approaches between specialists and residents. Among the imaging modalities, CTPA was the tool most preferred by physicians for patients with suspected acute PE.
Tempo-adjusted period parity progression ratios: Assessing the implications of delayed childbearing for cohort fertility in Sweden, the Netherlands and Spain

In this paper we apply tempo-adjusted period parity progression ratios (Kohler and Ortega 2001) to Sweden, the Netherlands and Spain. These countries represent three distinct demographic patterns in contemporary Europe and are of particular interest for demographers. The goal of our analyses is to (a) describe past fertility trends in these countries in terms of synthetic cohort and (b) project the level and distribution of completed fertility in cohorts who have not finished childbearing. Our analyses suggest that the most recent period fertility patterns in these countries do not imply substantial increases in childlessness even in younger cohorts. Moreover, if these patterns prevail in the future, young cohorts would reach completed fertility levels between 1.5--1.75.
A promoter polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in African-Americans.

OBJECTIVE The polymorphic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) gene encodes a cytokine involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. One polymorphic variant is associated with increased production of TNFalpha. This study examined the frequency of this polymorphic variant in African-American patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with controls. METHODS We determined the gene frequency of the polymorphic variant of TNFalpha in an African-American SLE patient population and in a geographically matched African-American control population. RESULTS The gene frequency of the TNFalpha -308A polymorphism was higher in the African-American SLE population than in the control population. This relationship was independent of major histocompatibility complex DR alleles. CONCLUSION The TNFalpha -308A polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of SLE in African-Americans.
Athletics in High School

Research—based on the visibility of athletic stars, on most desired achievement, on the composition of the leading crowd, on status criteria in leading-crowd membership, on popularity—demonstrates conclusively that athletics is far and away more important as a value among high school stu dents than intellectual achievement. And the school itself seems to encourage rather than to discourage this relative evaluation. There must be basic reasons for these phenomena, and these may be discerned in the functions performed by ath letics not only in the school but also in the community. Among boys, for example, it has been found that athletics has a demo cratizing effect, breaking up organization based on background and reconstituting it on the basis of common activity or achievement. Athletics serves an important function in moti vating students. It generates strong positive identification with the school ; without athletics the school would be lifeless for the student, deficient in collective goals. With athletics, it is possible for all students to identify with their school through their teams. Not only schools but whole communities depend upon the collective enthusiasm generated by their local high school athletic teams. The problem for the school is to find a way to have the functions now performed by athletic teams performed in ways more conducive to the intellectual aims of the school. Debate used to serve this function, music contests may also, as well as drama contests, and mathematics tournaments. It is possible that social and economic games played by means of complex computers may come to perform, on a far more intellectual level, the integrating function now performed almost exclusively by athletics.
Sensors for physical fluxes at the sea surface: energy, heat, water, salt

The current status of meteorological sensors used aboard ships and buoys to measure the air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat, and freshwater is reviewed. Methods of flux measurement by the bulk aerodynamic, inertial dissipation and eddy-correlation methods are considered; and areas are identified where improvements are needed in measurement of the basic variables. In some cases, what is required is the transition from emergent to operational technology, in others new technologies are needed. Uncertainties in measured winds caused by flow distortion over the ship are discussed; and the possible role of computational fluid mechanics models to obtain corrections is considered. Basic studies are also needed on the influence of waves and rain on the fluxes. The issues involved in the specification of sea surface temperature are described, and the relative merits of the available sensors are discussed. The improved capability of buoy-mounted systems will depend on the emergence of low-power instruments, and/or new means of increasing the available power capacity. Other issues covered include the continuing uncertainty about the performance of rain gauges and short-wave radiometers. Also, the requirements for new instruments to extend the range of observations to extreme wind conditions are outlined, and the latest developments in the measurement of aerosol fluxes by eddy-correlation are presented.
Using Corporate Data in Workplace Program Evaluation

Corporate data fall under the general category of administrative data and provide varied information on the worker and workplace. Studies of worker health, including evaluations of workplace programs, are often based on corporate data. With the exception of health care claims data, which are usually administered by a third party, the corporation collects these data and grants permission to use them. In light of new federal regulations, gaining access to corporate data is more complicated and intimidating than ever before. This paper discusses the impact of federal regulations on the use of corporate data in research, the potential of corporate data in evaluation studies, the challenges to obtaining and using these data, and finally, study designs that make use of corporate data.
On Creating the 'City' as a Collective Resource

There has been much critical comment on the 'narrowness' of conceptions of the 'city' mobilised in urban policy in many parts of Europe, which focus on images of the 'competitive' city, the 'European city' or the 'compact' city. This paper explores the multiple meanings of the 'city' and the way a richer array of meanings may be mobilised into strategic resources for collective action in urban governance contexts. The starting-point is the recognition of the complexity and diversity of urban life and its multiple time-space horizons. The first section explores different approaches to imagining cities. The second part comments on the way concepts of 'the city' are currently mobilised in urban governance contexts. In the third part, the paper considers how a richer array of concepts may be mobilised, contested and attached to the strategic governance capacity to 'shape' evolving city futures, converting the 'city' from an often implicit and sometimes contested array of concepts to an active force. In the final section, the paper elaborates on the role of on-going debate about 'the city' as a potentially integrative resource in governance contexts characterised by diffused power and dynamic relations. In such contexts, active debate about the ways to 'read' and give meanings to 'the city' may develop the strategic power to mobilise collective effort, inspire individual initiatives and provide resources for identity formation processes.
Ethical Practice in the Contemporary Human Services

•Summary: This paper examines the findings of an exploratory study of emerging ethical issues and practices reported by a sample of human service managers and practitioners in public and non-profit agencies in Queensland, Australia. •Findings: The contemporary context in which human services are delivered in Western societies is characterized by increased marketization, contractualism and managerialist practices, all of which entail different ethical values from those traditionally embraced by the social work profession. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative methodologies, this research identifies current and emerging challenges to ethical practice and existing organizational responses to it. Widespread concern about the negative aspects of changed structural arrangements on ethical practice in the contemporary human services is highlighted. Differences in the ways in which organizations and practitioners are responding to these changes are examined. The limitations of existing approaches and ethics codes are noted. •Applications: Implications for organizations, practitioners and educators are explored, and more pro-active management and training strategies are advocated. Further research is required to identify the often-understated negative effects on ethical practice of the market-based reforms of human service structures and processes.
Weight and shape concerns and dieting behaviours among pre‐adolescents and adolescents in Japan

The attitudes towards body weight and shape, desire for thinness and dieting behaviours were investigated in pre‐adolescent and adolescent girls and boys (547 elementary school students, 615 junior high school students, and 470 senior high school students) aged 10–17 years in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, by a self‐report questionnaire.
Effects of Visual-Spatial Added Cues on Fourth-Graders' Melodic Discrimination

A videotaped music-listening test was developed in which 30 brief melodies were paired with visual-spatial representations through vertical and horizontal hand motions across a chalkboard. Subjects were asked whether the second playing of each melody was the same as or different from the first. The 30-minute test was administered to all fourth-grade pupils in three elementary schools representing urban, suburban, and rural settings. Within each school, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three testing conditions: (1) aural + visual presentations of both first and second playings (AV - AV); (2) aural + visual first playing to aural-only second playing (AV - AO); or (3) aural only for both playings (AO - AO). A two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the three conditions and among the three school settings. Interaction between testing condition and school was not significant. Post hoc tests of significance revealed that all comparisons were significantly different among both testing modes and school settings. The AV - AV mean score was the highest among the three modes of testing. The pairing of visual-spatial stimuli seems generally effective in aiding melodic discrimination.
Live-High Train-Low Altitude Training on Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

We quantified the effects of four different protocols of Live-high Train-low altitude training on maximal aerobic capacity. A systematic search of PubMed for published studies, up to July 2010 was performed using appropriate search terms. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Combined analysis showed athletes exposed to hypoxia had higher maximal oxygen consumption compared to those undertaking normoxic training, Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 1.51 ml. kg−1.min−1 [0.44, 2.58, p=0.006]; hemoglobin (WMD) 0.57 mg/dl−1 [0.38, 0.75, p<0.00001], lower maximum heart rate (WMD) −1.77 beats.minute−1 [−3.03, −0.50, p=0.006], and peak exercise blood lactate (WMD) −3.03 mmol. L−1 [−4.57, −1.49, p=0.0001]. Studies utilizing minimum hypoxic exposure of 9.5 hours daily showed a significantly greater weighted mean difference in maximal oxygen consumption WMD 3.45 ml.kg−1.min−1 [0.30, 6.60] p=0.03, in the hypoxic subjects. Protocols using altitudes between 2,500 to 3,500m for a minimum of 9.5 hours daily for at least 2 weeks elicited greatest performance effects.
Review Essay: Communicating Incommunicado

531 © 2000 The Analytic Press, Inc.  Randall Lehmann Sorenson, Ph.D., Psy.D. is Faculty, Training and Supervising Analyst at the Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Los Angeles, and Associate Professor of Psychology at Rosemead School of Psychology, La Mirada, CA. He is in private practice in Pasadena, CA.  Standing in the Spaces: Essays on Clinical Process, Trauma, and Dissociation by Philip M. Bromberg. (Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press, 1998, 328 pp.) 
Automatic recognition of unified parkinson's disease rating from speech with acoustic, i-vector and phonotactic features

Parkinson’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of people globally, most of whom present difﬁculties producing speech sounds. In this paper, we describe a system to identify the degree to which a person suffers from the disease. We use a number of automatic phone recognition-based features and we augment these with i-vector features and utterance-level acoustic aggregations. On the Interspeech 2015 ComParE challenge corpus, we ﬁnd that these features allow for prediction well above the challenge baseline, particularly under cross-validation evaluation.
Do Juries Deliberate? A Study of Deliberation, Individual Difference, and Group Member Satisfaction at a Municipal Courthouse

Despite long-standing interest in juries and a growing body of work on public deliberation, we have a limited understanding of how often everyday juries actually engage in meaningful deliberation. This study uses deliberative theory and small group research to develop a set of research questions and hypotheses regarding how juror characteristics promote deliberation as well as how deliberation influences juror satisfaction. Examination of 267 jurors' accounts of their experiences deliberating on municipal criminal juries suggests that juries do, indeed, deliberate at a remarkably high level of competence. Results show complex relationships between juror characteristics and their levels of deliberation as well as a direct link between the quality of deliberation and juror satisfaction.
Edgework, Media Practices, and the Elongation of Meaning:

Edgework experiences have been subject to some discussion in recent literature. A form that finds a nexus between licit and illicit activities—BASE jumping—provides a fertile field for ethnographic and theoretical research. In criminology it provides insights into the sensual motivations and experiential frameworks for illicit social action in conjunction with moments of marginality and resistance. BASE jumping—the activity of illegally parachuting from bridges, buildings, antennas, and cliffs—increasingly incorporates a host of mediated practices. Our ethnographic research with the BASE-jumping subculture reveals that BASE jumpers regularly document their jumps through the use of helmet-mounted and body-mounted video cameras, or otherwise videotape one another in the act of jumping. These video documents in turn become a form of subculturally situated media as BASE jumpers utilize them to negotiate individual and collective status, to earn money and exposure, and to legitimate the subculture as sport. Moreover, mass media producers regularly create and disseminate their own images of BASE-jumping activities, and re-present subculturally generated images within television programs and films. The media saturation of BASE jumping thus serves to elongate and expand the meaning of an ephemeral event; to construct a multi-faceted audience for a seemingly secretive endeavor; and, ultimately, to render BASE jumping indistinguishable from the mediated representation of it.
Family matters: studying the role of the family through the eyes of girls in an SfD programme in Delhi

This article elaborates on the significance of the ‘family factor’ in facilitating sport for development (SfD) opportunities by presenting findings related to a research project with an SfD project based in Delhi, India, which seeks to empower adolescent girls through sport. The findings add to the limited understanding of the role of the family in SfD opportunities; the paucity of studies which examine SfD initiatives in India and more recent studies of sport and physical culture in India. The girls of this study emerged from families who were largely supportive of the sporting opportunities and the empowerment promised through their SfD involvement. However, these families expressed concerns about issues of violence against girls and women in Delhi which impacted girls' opportunities to enact empowerment in public spaces and to access non-traditional gender roles. Furthermore, an additional understanding of the family emerged wherein the extended family of origin served as a foil to the empowered girls within this study. The findings offer more nuanced understanding of the effects of the family for SfD programming that seeks to empower girls.
The Effects of News Sentiment and Coverage on Credit Rating Analysis

Credit ratings convey credit risk information to participants in financial markets, including investors, issuers, intermediaries and regulators. This paper proposes an automatic text analysis system for financial news and analyzes the effects of news coverage and sentiment factors on credit ratings. Our experiment results show that firms with higher news coverage received worse ratings in the next quarter. The effect is especially stronger for speculative grade firms. We have also found that news polarity is linked to credit rating in the following quarter for investment grade firms. These results suggest that news data are useful in credit rating modelling and should not be omitted in this type of research.
Fairness and Trust in Structured Populations

Classical economic theory assumes that people are rational and selfish, but behavioral experiments often point to inconsistent behavior, typically attributed to “other regarding preferences. ” The Ultimatum Game, used to study fairness, and the Trust Game, used to study trust and trustworthiness, have been two of the most influential and well-studied examples of inconsistent behavior. Recently, evolutionary biologists have attempted to explain the evolution of such preferences using evolutionary game theoretic models. While deterministic evolutionary game theoretic models agree with the classical economics predictions, recent stochastic approaches that include uncertainty and the possibility of mistakes have been successful in accounting for both the evolution of fairness and the evolution of trust. Here I explore the role of population structure by generalizing and expanding these existing results to the case of non-random interactions. This is a natural extension since such interactions do not occur randomly in the daily lives of individuals. I find that, in the limit of weak selection, population structure increases the space of fair strategies that are selected for but it has little-to-no effect on the optimum strategy played in the Ultimatum Game. In the Trust Game, in the limit of weak selection, I find that some amount of trust and trustworthiness can evolve even in a well-mixed population; however, the optimal strategy, although trusting if the return on investment is sufficiently high, is never trustworthy. Population structure biases selection towards strategies that are both trusting and trustworthy trustworthy and reduces the critical return threshold, but, much like in the case of fairness, it does not affect the winning strategy. Further considering the effects of reputation and structure, I find that they act synergistically to promote the evolution of trustworthiness.
Oaxaqueño/a Students' (Un)Welcoming High School Experiences

To date, research on immigrant Latino students has neglected to fully explore the school experiences of immigrants from Oaxaca, a community that has historically experienced economic, political, social, and cultural oppression in Mexico and now in the United States. Drawing from formal and informal interviews and observations, I examine the high school experiences of 4 Oaxaqueño/a students in a northern California agricultural city. Analysis of the Oaxaqueño/a students' experiences illuminates the contradictory messages of “unwelcomeness” received from the school's welcoming practices. The students' accounts also shed light on how their ethnic/linguistic identities are sources for discrimination at school.
Stability of parabolic Harnack inequalities

Let (G, E) be a graph with weights {a xy } for which a parabolic Harnack inequality holds with space-time scaling exponent β > 2. Suppose {α' xy } is another set of weights that are comparable to {a xy }. We prove that this parabolic Harnack inequality also holds for (G, E) with the weights {a' xy }. We also give stable necessary and sufficient conditions for this parabolic Harnack inequality to hold.
Work barriers perceived by welfare recipients of a community employment program in Beijing, China

This research adopted a qualitative research method to explore work barriers perceived by 36 welfare recipients of a community employment program in Beijing, China. The barriers identified included personal and family factors of low education, lack of working skills, poor physical health, mental health problems and family care burden, along with interpersonal factors of weak social networks and social factors of high competitiveness in the job market and age discrimination. The findings were discussed in Chinese social contexts. The practice and policy implications of the study were noted and further research was recommended.
Attitude Accessibility as an Alternative Explanation for How Inoculation Confers Resistance

The investigation examined attitude accessibility as an alternative to the accepted explanation, which is based on threat and counterarguing, for the way that inoculation confers resistance to influence. A total of 333 participants took part in the study in three phases spanning 36 days. The results of multivariate and correlational analyses indicated that inoculation treatments confer resistance, in part, by promoting attitude accessibility. Inoculation treatments immediately elicit attitude accessibility, which enhances attitude strength. Attitude strength, in time, contributes to resistance to the influence of counterattitudinal attacks. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.