Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular cytogenetic analyses of Epinephelus bruneus and Epinephelus moara (Perciformes, Epinephelidae)

Genus Epinephelus (Perciformes, Epinephelidae), commonly known as groupers, are usually difficult in species identification for the lack and/or change of morphological specialization. In this study, molecular cytogenetic analyses were firstly performed to identify the closely related species Epinephelus bruneus and E. moara in this genus. The species-specific differences of both fish species showed in karyotype, chromosomal distribution of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and localization of 18S rDNA. The heterochromatin (interstitial C-bands) and distribution pattern of telomere (TTAGGG)n in E. bruneus revealed the chromosomal rearrangements and different karyotypic evolutionary characteristics compared to those in E. moara. The cytogenetic data suggested that the lineages of E. bruneus and E. moara were recently derived within the genus Epinephelus, and E. moara exhibited more plesiomorphic features than E. bruneus. All results confirmed that E. moara, which has long been considered a synonym of E. bruneus, is a distinct species in the family Epinephelidae. In addition, molecular cytogenetic analyses are useful in species differentiation and phylogenetic reconstruction in groupers.
The rate region of secure exact-repair regenerating codes for 5 nodes

The problem of exact-repair regenerating codes against eavesdropping attack is studied. The eavesdropping model we consider is that the eavesdropper has the capability to observe the data involved in the repair of a subset of nodes. In other words, the repair process is required to be secure. The focus of this paper is on such systems with 5 nodes. Specifically, we characterize the rate regions under secure repair for the (5, 3, 4) and (5, 4, 4) instances with 1 or 2 wiretap nodes. While characterizing the rate region of exact-repair regenerating codes remains open, our results indicate that the problem may be more tractable under the security constraint as described.
Sequence and Principles in Article System Use: An Examination of A, The, and Null Acquisition.

ZEHLER, ANNETTE M. , and BREWER, WILLIAM F. Sequence and Principles in Article System Use: An Examination of A, The, and Null Acquisition. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 1268-1274. A new classification of English article (a, the, null) usage was developed. On the basis of this classification scheme, data on article usage were obtained from both adults and children, including children in the initial period of article acquisition (2-3 years). In the results, an early acquisition sequence was found of no article use, a use only, essentially correct a and the patterns of use, and overextended the use. This overuse of the definite article, found only for the more mature children in this study, has also been reported in previous studies on the articles. However, with the more complete usage data and the younger age range used in this study, the overuse was shown to be selective, occurring in 1 usage category and after a period of essentially correct use. From these findings it is argued that an explanation based on egocentrism is not adequate. It is suggested here that the incorrect usage of the more advanced children results from an overextension of a principle of shared knowledge found in adult article use.
Analysing collaborative processes and interaction patterns in online discussions

This paper deals with collaborative, networked learning in a graduate distance learning course. We are interested in understanding how learning is affected by the quality of collaborative processes and the patterns of interaction in collaborative online discussion environments. For the purposes of this paper we are focusing on the interactions and collaborative processes occurring in an asynchronous online seminar which is about the design of teaching/learning software in the context of a science education course. The participants in the study, a total of nine students are mainly science teachers and they took part in this online seminar over a two week period to discuss the design of some selected pieces of software used for teaching and learning of science at various levels of schooling. In our analysis, we used a classification system validated in our earlier work and extended our approach for the purposes of this study using a rating scheme developed for assessing the quality of computer supported collaboration processes by other researchers (see Meier et al., 2007; and Rummel et al., 2011). Content analysis of the contributions to the online seminar showed that the two categories, namely 'acknowledging a fellow student by replying and or referring to their contribution' and 'motivation of students (indicated by a mention of their individual commitment to group task)' were the biggest categories. The frequency of 'joint knowledge building category' in this analysis indicates that students are committed to the task. During the activity they presented reports on their analyses with an aim to critically review the issues and themes arising form these analyses. When we compared this online seminar to a comparable one in the previous year, we noticed that both acknowledgment and motivational categories were much smaller. In addition to content analysis, we carried out an interaction analysis of the first online seminar to identify the patterns of relationship between students and visualise the relationship by using the connections between members. This study may indicate the importance of motivation/individual commitment of students during a collaborative task and we are in the process of analysing other conferences in the same course to see the effect of motivation on the quality of collaborative learning/processes and the interaction patterns in the online seminar.
Non-Word Repetition and Sentence Repetition Performance in 2–3 Years Old Late Talkers and Normal Children

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 2-3세 말 늦은 아동과 정상 아동을 대상으로 비단어따라말하기와 문장 따라말하기 수행 능력 및 다양한 변인들 간의 관련성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 2-3세 말 늦은 아동과 정상 아동 각각 20명씩, 총 40명으로 하였다. 말 늦은 아동과 정상 아동의 비단어따라말하기 수행 능력과 문장 따라말하기 수행 능력 알아보기 위해.
*Assumptions in Alternate Assessment

State-level testing programs continue to grow, and the challenge of validation does not wane. Although more than a decade has passed since the 1999 Joint Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing set out a call for the organization of validity evidence into validity arguments, practical examples of such arguments are not readily available for the research community. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a validity argument for a large-scale alternate assessment, using one state program as a model. Specifically, the authors review the documented purposes of the assessment program and the assumptions related to teaching and learning subsumed within those purpose statements. Potential sources of evidence to support or refute those assumptions are also presented.
Long-term follow-up of corneal graft survival following bone marrow transplantation in the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome.

PURPOSE To present a case of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (MLS, mucopolysaccharidosis [MPS] type VI) who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for gene transfer at the age of 13, and penetrating keratoplasty at the age of 17, and maintained clear corneal grafts bilaterally for 13 years. To our knowledge, this is the longest follow-up reported on corneal graft survival in a patient with MLS and BMT. METHODS In 1982, BMT was successfully performed on a 13-year-old girl with MLS with growth retardation, typical facial features, skeletal and joint deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, and corneal clouding. Corneal transplantation was done on the left eye in 1986, and on the right eye in 1987 (6 months later) without difficulty or complication. RESULTS Thirteen years postoperatively, the patient was systemically well, and both eyes retained clear corneal grafts. CONCLUSION BMT retarded further dysfunction from MLS, and the corneal transplants retained clarity. Further controlled studies with longer follow-up are required to establish the efficacy of BMT in ocular manifestations of MPS or MLS.
Resolving the Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos

We examine the effects of mass resolution and force softening on the density profiles of cold dark matter halos that form within cosmological N-body simulations. As we increase the mass and force resolution, we resolve progenitor halos that collapse at higher redshifts and have very high densities. At our highest resolution we have nearly 3×106 particles within the virial radius, which is several orders of magnitude more than previously used, and we can resolve more than 1000 surviving dark matter halos within this single virialized system. The halo profiles become steeper in the central regions, and we may not have achieved convergence to a unique slope within the inner 10% of the virialized region. Results from two very high resolution halo simulations yield steep inner density profiles, ρ(r)~r−1.4. The abundance and properties of arcs formed within this potential will be different from calculations based on lower resolution simulations. The kinematics of disks within such a steep potential may prove problematic for the cold dark matter model when compared with the observed properties of halos on galactic scales.
Politics and pedagogy: discursive constructions in the IB Theory of knowledge – Guide

The International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum is increasingly popular in both national and international secondary education settings. The Theory of knowledge (TOK) course is cast as the prime example of the international globalised values the IB Diploma represents. This article argues that such a positioning is contested within the TOK curriculum document, leading to confusion and tension in the positioning of teachers, students and learning. Two constructions of TOK are identified through discourse analysis, each of which positions teachers, students and learning differently. One construction serves primarily political goals, while the other serves pedagogical purposes. The tension between these positions may cause confusion for teachers and students, although techniques of tension reduction are identified. Further, this article argues that, in practice, both the pedagogical and political purposes of TOK may be achieved despite the tension in the curriculum document, if the personal pedagogical ideology of the teacher coincides with the political positioning of TOK.
Determinants of Learning Performance of Business Students in a Transitional Market.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of instructor capability and learning motivation on learning performance of business students in Vietnam. It also explores the moderating effect of personal development competitiveness on the roles of instructor capability in both learning motivation and learning performance.Design/methodology/approach – Two phases of study were undertaken. A pilot phase was used to preliminary assess the measures and a main survey with a sample of 1,278 undergraduate business students was conducted to validate the measures and to test the models.Findings – Instructor capability was found to have a positive impact on learning motivation and, subsequently, on learning performance. The results further show that the impacts of instructor capability on both learning motivation and learning performance are greater in the group of students which has a higher level of personal development competitiveness.Research limitations/implications – A key limitation of this stu.
Survival among Patients with HIV Infection and Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis - United States, 1993–2006

Background In patients with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in resource-constrained settings, smear-negative disease has been associated with higher mortality than smear-positive disease. Higher reported mortality may be due to misdiagnosis, diagnostic delays, or because smear-negative disease indicates more advanced immune suppression. Methods We analyzed culture-confirmed, pulmonary TB among patients with TB and HIV in the United States from 1993–2008 to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) for smear-negative disease by demographic and clinical characteristics. Allowing two years for treatment outcome to be reported, we determined hazard ratios (HRs) for survival by smear status, adjusted for significant covariates on patients before 2006. Results Among 16,710 cases with sputum smear results, 6,739 (39%) were sputum smear-negative and 9,971 (58%) were sputum smear-positive. The prevalence of smear-negative disease was lower in male patients (PR: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.93) and in those who were homeless (PR: 0.92, CI: 0.87–0.97) or used alcohol excessively (PR: 0.91, CI: 0.87–0.95), and higher in persons diagnosed while incarcerated (PR: 1.20, CI: 1.13–1.27). Patients with smear-negative disease had better survival compared to patients with smear-positive disease, both before (HR: 0.82, CI: 0.75–0.90) and after (HR: 0.81, CI: 0.71–0.92) the introduction of combination anti-retroviral therapy. Conclusions In the United States, smear-negative pulmonary TB in patients with HIV was not associated with higher mortality, in contrast to what has been documented in high TB burden settings. Smear-negative TB can be routinely and definitively diagnosed in the United States, whereas high-burden countries often rely solely on AFB-smear microscopy. This difference could contribute to diagnostic and treatment delays in high-burden countries, possibly resulting in higher mortality.
Environmental Beliefs and Attitudes in Sweden and the Baltic States

This article compares environmental beliefs and attitudes in Estonia, Latvia, and Sweden. It is based on interviews in Tartu, Estonia, and Riga, Latvia, and on an extract from a postal survey in the county of Östergötland, Sweden. Four scales were used in the study: the new environmental paradigm (NEP) scale, a scale to measure support for science and technology, a scale to measure postmaterial values, and a scale to measure concern for local environmental problems. The expected correlations between support for the NEP, distrust of science and technology, postmaterial values, and concern for environmental conditions were only partially supported by the results of the Swedish study, and, in the case of the Baltic samples, not at all. A fourth explanatory factor—that environmental concern can be based either on direct personal experience of the environment, or on symbolic general representations of reported global problems-is used to explain these discrepancies.
The Effect of Mode Discourse on Student Writing Performance: Implications for Policy

To determine the reliability of evaluation decisions about student writing competency across modes of discourse, a large sample of students was randomly assigned a writing task in one of four modes of discourse. Analysis of the data revealed significant differences between the mean score of narrative writing and scores for descriptive, expository, and persuasive writing. The decision consistency analysis also found that on the average, 30% of the students were misclassified across the modes of discourse. It follows from these results that modes of discourse do not appear to be interchangeable for making decisions about the overall writing competency of either groups of, or individual, students.
Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Flavobacterium indologenes infections associated with indwelling devices

Clinical infections caused by Flavobacterium indologenes have never been documented. Thirteen isolates derived from seven patients with indwelling device-associated F. indologenes infections were identified from 1 April through 30 November 1995. The antimicrobial susceptibilities to 20 antimicrobial agents of the isolates, the cellular fatty acid chromatograms for the isolates, and the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns generated by arbitrarily primed PCR of the isolates were studied. The antibiotypes and RAPD patterns differed among the isolates recovered from different patients. However, both antibiotypes and RAPD patterns were identical among the five isolates from one patient with multiple episodes of central venous catheter-associated bacteremia within a 1.5-month period and between the two isolates from another patient suffering from two episodes of catheter-related bacteriuria at an interval of 14 days. It is documented that the recurrent infections in each of these two patients were caused by a single F. indologenes clone, respectively. Identical antibiotypes and RAPD patterns were also demonstrated between two isolates from a patient with ventilator-associated pneumonia, one recovered from an endotracheal aspirate and the other derived from a blood specimen 10 days later, indicating the invasive nature of F. indologenes. Two cellular fatty acid chromatograms were identified among these isolates. All of the isolates showed in vitro resistance to cephalothin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, aztreonam, aminoglycosides, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. F. indologenes should be included as an etiologic agent of infections associated with the use of indwelling devices.
Systematic identification and annotation of human methylation marks based on bisulfite sequencing methylomes reveals distinct roles of cell type-specific hypomethylation in the regulation of cell identity genes

DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark that is critical for gene regulation in multicellular eukaryotes. Although various human cell types may have the same genome, these cells have different methylomes. The systematic identification and characterization of methylation marks across cell types are crucial to understand the complex regulatory network for cell fate determination. In this study, we proposed an entropy-based framework termed SMART to integrate the whole genome bisulfite sequencing methylomes across 42 human tissues/cells and identified 757 887 genome segments. Nearly 75% of the segments showed uniform methylation across all cell types. From the remaining 25% of the segments, we identified cell type-specific hypo/hypermethylation marks that were specifically hypo/hypermethylated in a minority of cell types using a statistical approach and presented an atlas of the human methylation marks. Further analysis revealed that the cell type-specific hypomethylation marks were enriched through H3K27ac and transcription factor binding sites in cell type-specific manner. In particular, we observed that the cell type-specific hypomethylation marks are associated with the cell type-specific super-enhancers that drive the expression of cell identity genes. This framework provides a complementary, functional annotation of the human genome and helps to elucidate the critical features and functions of cell type-specific hypomethylation.
The role of trainee and environmental factors in transfer of training: an exploratory framework

Organizational concerns over the cost and effectiveness of training programs have focused attention on the effectiveness of the transfer of training to the job‐site. This paper identifies the key trainee and environmental factors that influence transfer effectiveness, addresses the various underlying issues, discusses the implications, and presents a framework to guide future research and interventions.
An algorithm for the coalitional manipulation problem under Maximin

We introduce a new algorithm for the Unweighted Coalitional Manipulation problem under the Maximin voting rule. We prove that the algorithm gives an approximation ratio of 1 2/3 to the corresponding optimization problem. This is an improvement over the previously known algorithm that gave a 2-approximation. We also prove that its approximation ratio is no better than 1 1/2, i.e., there are instances on which a 1 1/2-approximation is the best the algorithm can achieve. Finally, we prove that no algorithm can approximate the problem better than to the factor of 1 1/2, unless p = NP.
Social and Economic Factors Affecting Participation in Higher Education

From 1870 through the 1950s, enrollment in American higher education doubled about every fifteen years [2]. During the 1930s, at the depth of the depression, there was a small decline in total enrollment followed by a rapid recovery up to the years that marked the beginning of World War II. Enrollments then declined again as many young people of college age entered military service and the war industry. After World War II, as is well known, there was a sharp upturn in enrollments, but as veterans completed their education entitlement, enrollments dropped steadily for a few years until they rose again in the middle fifties [11]. During the 1950s, educators realized that there would be a very large pool of potential college students during the 1960s and into the 1970s. The reason for this was demographics: the "baby boom. " In addition to demographic statistics, data showed that the percentage of the population attending college had been constantly increasing in normal times. It was predicted that this trend would continue and, when coupled
T-Cell Immune Reconstitution after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for HIV-Associated Lymphoma

Background. One of the major concern for high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for HIV-associated lymphoma is that posttransplant immunosuppression might worsen immune defects of HIV+ individuals. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has made HSCT possible also in these patients, we analyzed whether the immune system already compromised by HIV infection might support an efficient T-cell recovery after HSCT. Methods. The kinetics and the extent of T-cell reconstitution were investigated before and after HSCT in four patients with HIV-related lymphoma (one with Hodgkin's Disease and three with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) by measuring the thymic output, the level of IL-7 and the heterogeneity of T-cell repertoire. T-cell competence was gauged at two functional levels: by determining the number of T-cell divisions and by measuring IFN-γ production. Results. The thymus of transplanted patients can be capable of generating new T cells, but there is no relationship between increasing number of newly produced lymphocytes and modification of IL-7 level. Various T-cell subsets, expressing different T-cell receptor variable beta genes, were preferentially expanded in CD8 population and most of them showed a restricted diversity. Furthermore, CD3+ lymphocytes showed heterogeneous behaviors in terms of proliferative capability and IFN-γ production. Conclusions. High-dose therapy and HSCT in HIV+ patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy does not worsen the immune defects. On the contrary, in the presence of some conditions (including the type of hematologic malignancy, the therapy compliance, and the immune status before transplantation), high-dose therapy and HSCT might support the improvement of immune conditions.
Three antidepressants (amitriptyline, dothiepin, fluoxetine), with and without alcohol, compared with placebo on tests of psychomotor ability related to car driving

Eight female volunteers received acute doses of amitriptyline 50 mg (AMI), dothiepin 50 mg (DOT), fluoxetine 40 mg (FLU) or placebo both with and without a ‘social’ dose of alcohol (ALC) equivalent to 0·5 g/kg body weight absolute alcohol. Performance on a variety of tests of psychomotor ability and cognitive function (critical flicker fusion, choice reaction time, tracking, Maddox Wing and simulated car steering) were performed at 1·5 and 4 hours following treatment. AMI and DOT both with and without ALC impaired performance on a range of tests at either or both 1·5 and 4 hours, although the effects of AMI and AMI + ALC were more widespread and severe than those found with either DOT or DOT + ALC. FLU and FLU + ALC showed no evidence of impairment on any test at either the 1·5 or the 4 hours assessments. The results suggest that there are differences between the experimental substances, at the doses used, in their intrinsic potential for impairing aspects of psychomotor performance and cognitive function.