Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Further genetic evidence implicates the vasopressin system in childhood‐onset mood disorders

Studies in both animals and humans advocate a role for the vasopressin (AVP) system in the aetiology of depressive symptoms. Attention has particularly focused on the role of AVP in the overactivation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA)‐axis in mood disorders. Elevated AVP plasma levels have been found in mood disorder patients, which are often positively correlated with the severity of symptoms. We recently reported an association between childhood‐onset mood disorders (COMD) and polymorphisms in the receptor responsible for the AVP‐mediated activation of the HPA‐axis (AVPR1B). As genetic variation in the vasopressinergic system could provide a mechanism to explain the endocrine alterations observed in mood disorders, we investigated other genes in this system. The gene encoding AVP is the strongest candidate, particularly as genetic variation in this gene in rodents is associated with anxiety‐related behaviours. Six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped across the AVP gene in a sample comprised of 586 Hungarian nuclear families ascertained through affected probands with a diagnosis of COMD. In addition, AVP coding and putative regulatory regions were screened for mutations using denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography. One SNP, 3′ to the AVP, gene reached significance (P = 0.03), as did the overtransmission of a five‐marker haplotype with a frequency of 22% (P = 0.0001). The subsequent mutation screen failed to identify any putative functional polymorphisms. The outcome of this study, combined with our previous association between COMD and AVPR1B, implicates genetic variation in vasopressinergic genes in mediating vulnerability to COMD.
Theory and practice of a TEMPUS Joint European Project

Abstract The paper describes the implementation of a Trans European Mobility Programme for University Staff (TEMPUS) Project during 1992 to 1995 between the Manchester Metropolitan University, in the UK, the Institut de Formation des Maitres, Grenoble, France, and the Siauliai Pedagogical Institute (SPI), Lithuania. The aim of the Project was the development of the special educational needs (SEN) element of teacher education courses at the SPI to enhance the integration of pupils with SEN into mainstream schools, and of those pupils with severe and sustained SEN into education. It discusses the necessary extension of the Project into associated areas of professional work, analyses the theoretical bases underlying the Project and demonstrates the cyclical development of theory and practice which was achieved.
RIG-I-like receptor activation by dengue virus drives follicular T helper cell formation and antibody production

Follicular T helper cells (TFH) are fundamental in orchestrating effective antibody-mediated responses critical for immunity against viral infections and effective vaccines. However, it is unclear how virus infection leads to TFH induction. We here show that dengue virus (DENV) infection of human dendritic cells (DCs) drives TFH formation via crosstalk of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) RIG-I and MDA5 with type I Interferon (IFN) signaling. DENV infection leads to RLR-dependent IKKε activation, which phosphorylates IFNα/β receptor-induced STAT1 to drive IL-27 production via the transcriptional complex ISGF3. Inhibiting RLR activation as well as neutralizing antibodies against IL-27 prevented TFH formation. DENV-induced CXCR5+PD-1+Bcl-6+ TFH cells secreted IL-21 and activated B cells to produce IgM and IgG. Notably, RLR activation by synthetic ligands also induced IL-27 secretion and TFH polarization. These results identify an innate mechanism by which antibodies develop during viral disease and identify RLR ligands as potent adjuvants for TFH-promoting vaccination strategies.
The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale for adults.

Abstract A short scale for the measurement of hypnotic responsiveness was constructed for use with patients for whom the standard scales might prove too long, too uninteresting, or too tiring. Five items were selected: moving hands together, a dream, age regression, a posthypnotic suggestion, and posthypnotic amnesia. A sample of 111 university undergraduates, selected from the full range of scores (0–10) on a shortened 10-point version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A, was given the 5-point clinical scale and the 12-point Stanford Hypnotic Scale, Form C in balanced order. There were no order effects. A reliability estimate for the clinical scale was obtained from the product-moment correlation between the total scores on the two scales. This correlation was . 72. The clinical scale requires approximately 20 minutes for administration.
Self-Report Measures of Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality, and Criminal Lifestyle

This article reports results from five studies. Exploratory factor analysis was used to select indicators from the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles, Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy scales, and Personality Assessment Inventory—Antisocial Features Scale. The 10 indicators were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis, the results of which show that the two-dimensional model (proactive, reactive) achieves significantly better fit than a general one-factor model and a two-factor social learning model (criminal thinking, antisocial behavior) with 521 medium-security and 116 maximum-security inmates. The construct validity of the two-dimensional model is confirmed in a path analysis pairing (a) proactive scales with positive outcome expectancies for crime and (b) reactive scales with hostile attribution biases. Implications for a unified theory of aggression and criminality are discussed.
A model of command, leadership and management competency in the British Royal Navy

Purpose – To develop a model clarifying the personal factors and behavioural characteristics (competencies) relevant to effective command, leadership and management in the Royal Navy.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire study was conducted on a sample of 261 Officers and ratings. Their performance was rated through the organisation's own rigorous appraisal process whilst personality and competency data were gathered through the use of the well‐established occupational personality questionnaire (OPQ) and the relatively new leadership dimensions questionnaire (LDQ). Findings – The results provide support for the RN's current integrated approach to command, leadership and management by identifying four “supra‐competency” clusters – conceptualising, aligning, interacting and creating success – and the related personality and leadership dimensions, which are correlated with high performance. Support for the validity of the LDQ and OPQ questionnaires is also produced by the results found from performanc.
Learning Continuous Phrase Representations and Syntactic Parsing with Recursive Neural Networks

Natural language parsing has typically been done with small sets of discrete categories such as NP and VP, but this representation does not capture the full syntactic nor semantic richness of linguistic phrases, and attempts to improve on this by lex-icalizing phrases only partly address the problem at the cost of huge feature spaces and sparseness. To address this, we introduce a recursive neural network architecture for jointly parsing natural language and learning vector space representations for variable-sized inputs. At the core of our architecture are context-aware recursive neural networks (CRNN). These networks can induce distributed feature representations for unseen phrases and provide syntactic information to accurately predict phrase structure trees. Most excitingly, the representation of each phrase also captures semantic information: For instance, the phrases “decline to comment” and “would not disclose the terms” are close by in the induced embedding space. Our current system achieves an unlabeled bracketing F-measure of 92.1% on the Wall Street Journal development dataset for sentences up to length 15.
Health status and risk for depression among the elderly: a meta-analysis of published literature.

OBJECTIVE the goal of this study was to determine the relationship between health status, including self-rated health status and chronic disease, and risk for depression among the elderly. METHOD MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library Database were used to identify potential studies. The studies were classified into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets. For each study, the numbers of the total participants, cases (for cross-sectional study) or incident cases (for longitudinal study) of depression in each health status group were extracted and entered into Review Manager 4.2. The quantitative meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies and that of longitudinal studies were performed, respectively. For prevalence and incidence rates of depression, odds risk and relative risk (RR) were calculated, respectively. RESULTS the quantitative meta-analysis showed that, compared with the elderly without chronic disease, those with chronic disease had higher risk for depression (RR: 1.53, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.20-1.97). Compared with the elderly with good self-rated health, those with poor self-rated health had higher risk for depression (RR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.94-2.97). CONCLUSIONS despite the methodological limitations of this meta-analysis, both poor self-rated health status and the presence of chronic disease are risk factors for depression among the elderly. In the elderly, poor self-reported health status appears to be more strongly associated with depression than the presence of chronic disease.
Width of bound eta in nuclei.

We have used a model for the ηN→ηN interaction based on the dominance of the N*(1535) pole [1] and from it we have derived the η nucleus optical potential and investigated the bound states of η in nuclei and their decay width. The work follows closely the delta‐hole model used to study pion nucleus interaction around resonance [2].
Parents' and Teachers' Implicit Theories of Children's Creativity: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

ABSTRACT: A social validation methodology was applied across two cultures to examine the implicit theories of parents and teachers. Adults (N = 150) from the United States and India were rated on 68 adjectives for creativity and desirability. The results indicated that all groups distinguished between indicative and contraindicative aspects of creativity and, for the most part, viewed creative traits desirably. These results were qualified by the adjectives that received high ratings for creativity but significantly lower ratings for desirability. These provided evidence that creativity and desirability are related yet separate constructs and that parents and teachers recognize that some traits associated with creativity may be undesirable. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed significant differences between the United States and India for intellectual and attitudinal clusters of adjectives, p < . 001; however, parent and teacher differences were not found, p > . 05. These findings support the notion that implicit theories are influenced by cultural traditions and expectations.
Two steps forward, one step back: Effect size reporting in gifted education research from 1995–2000

The APA Task Force on Statistical Inference recently recommended reporting effect sizes alongside results of statistical significance tests. The purpose of this article is to investigate effect size usage in gifted education research and to follow up on a similar investigation published by Plucker (1997). A content analysis of effect size reporting was conducted of articles published in the Journal for the Education of the Gifted, Roeper Review, and Gifted Child Quarterly from 1995–2000. Results of the present study were similar to the findings of Plucker (1997): No statistical difference in reporting was found across journals or across years, and a moderate difference was found between effect size reporting in univariate versus multivariate statistics. The benefits to gifted education research of understanding the relationship among sample size, effect size, and statistical power are discussed.
Specific Information Effect in Probability Estimation

All the necessary prior probabilities for making a Bayesian estimation of the posterior probability were provided to subjects along with a cover story. The prior probabilities, but not the cover story, were non-systematically varied to provide 12 situations. Bayesian solutions of these probability problems indicated p values ranging from . 4 to . 9; but subjects estimated a p value around . 7 across all conditions. For all conditions except one, the mode estimate was identical to one of the prior probabilities. High degree of similarity found among the dominating prior probability, the median and modal estimates of posterior probability within a condition seems to indicate the existence of specific information effect in probability estimation.
Testing of metal bioaccumulation models with measured body burdens in mice

Estimates of chemical accumulation in prey organisms can contribute considerable uncertainty to predictive ecological risk assessments. Comparing body burdens calculated in food web models with measured tissue concentrations provides essential information about the expected accuracy of risk indices. Estimates of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and nickel body burdens in house mice (Mus musculus) inhabiting a seasonal wetland were generated with two small mammal bioaccumulation models. Published soil‐to‐small mammal bioaccumulation regression models produced accurate estimates of arsenic and lead body burdens but failed to adequately predict copper and nickel levels in mice. Incorporating conservative prediction intervals in the regression models shows potential for successful applications in screening‐level risk assessments. A simple mechanistic cumulative ingestion bioaccumulation model overpredicted lead levels in mice generally by less than one order of magnitude but greatly overpredicted concentrations of arsenic, copper, and nickel. Better estimates of absorption and elimination of ingested metals and knowledge of specific arthropod taxa in house mouse diets are likely to improve the accuracy of the cumulative ingestion model. Applying Monte Carlo simulations to the soil–small mammal regression models generated probabilistic estimates of body burdens that were consistent with deterministic results. However, deterministic minimum and maximum predictions of the ingestion model were excessively conservative (widely spaced) relative to lower and upper probabilistic percentiles. Metal levels predicted in individual mice on the basis of mouse‐specific parameter values and exposures were not significantly more accurate than bioaccumulation predictions for the sitewide population.
A Universal System for Highly Efficient Cardiac Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells That Eliminates Interline Variability

Background The production of cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) holds great promise for patient-specific cardiotoxicity drug testing, disease modeling, and cardiac regeneration. However, existing protocols for the differentiation of hiPSC to the cardiac lineage are inefficient and highly variable. We describe a highly efficient system for differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and hiPSC to the cardiac lineage. This system eliminated the variability in cardiac differentiation capacity of a variety of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), including hiPSC generated from CD34+ cord blood using non-viral, non-integrating methods. Methodology/Principal Findings We systematically and rigorously optimized >45 experimental variables to develop a universal cardiac differentiation system that produced contracting human embryoid bodies (hEB) with an improved efficiency of 94.7±2.4% in an accelerated nine days from four hESC and seven hiPSC lines tested, including hiPSC derived from neonatal CD34+ cord blood and adult fibroblasts using non-integrating episomal plasmids. This cost-effective differentiation method employed forced aggregation hEB formation in a chemically defined medium, along with staged exposure to physiological (5%) oxygen, and optimized concentrations of mesodermal morphogens BMP4 and FGF2, polyvinyl alcohol, serum, and insulin. The contracting hEB derived using these methods were composed of high percentages (64–89%) of cardiac troponin I+ cells that displayed ultrastructural properties of functional cardiomyocytes and uniform electrophysiological profiles responsive to cardioactive drugs. Conclusion/Significance This efficient and cost-effective universal system for cardiac differentiation of hiPSC allows a potentially unlimited production of functional cardiomyocytes suitable for application to hPSC-based drug development, cardiac disease modeling, and the future generation of clinically-safe nonviral human cardiac cells for regenerative medicine.
Low Operating Voltage and Small Gain Slope of InGaAs APDs With p-Type Multiplication Layer

We reported separate absorption and multiplication InAlAs/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with a p-type multiplication layer. Wedge-shaped electric field profiles with different gradients and peak intensities confined in a thin InAlAs avalanche layer were realized. These devices showed optimum operating gains up to 40 in linear mode with low operating voltages <;20 V, small gain slopes, and high-gain uniformity. Moreover, a reduced breakdown voltage temperature coefficient <;6 mV/K in the temperature range of 200-350 K was observed, whereas the dark current showed a noticeable increase. Those multiplication performances are attributed to the modified electric field profiles and are ideally suitable for focal plane array imaging applications.
KLF2 is a rate-limiting transcription factor that can be targeted to enhance regulatory T-cell production

Significance Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for preventing autoimmunity, and thus discovering an efficient means of generating antigen-specific Tregs is a medical priority. To this end, we demonstrate that transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is necessary for the generation of antigen-induced Tregs and their in vivo counterpart, peripheral Tregs. Moreover, pharmaceutical drugs that stabilize KLF2 protein levels during the transition from CD4+CD25− T cell to CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg augment production of these tolerizing lymphocytes. Results from this study indicate that KLF2 is a viable target for altering Treg development, which may significantly impact patients prescribed statins. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells that maintain self-tolerance by functionally suppressing autoreactive lymphocytes. The Treg compartment is composed of thymus-derived Tregs (tTregs) and peripheral Tregs (pTregs) that are generated in secondary lymphoid organs after exposure to antigen and specific cytokines, such as TGF-β. With regard to this latter lineage, pTregs [and their ex vivo generated counterparts, induced Tregs (iTregs)] offer particular therapeutic potential because these cells can be raised against specific antigens to limit autoimmunity. We now report that transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is necessary for the generation of iTregs but not tTregs. Moreover, drugs that limit KLF2 proteolysis during T-cell activation enhance iTreg development. To the authors’ knowledge, this study identifies the first transcription factor to distinguish between i/pTreg and tTreg ontogeny and demonstrates that KLF2 is a therapeutic target for the production of regulatory T cells.
Can conditioning procedures yield representative infant vocalizations in the laboratory?

The quantity and quality of vocalizations produced in the home and laboratory by 36 typically developing infants, aged 3-18 months, were compared. Conditioning procedures were employed in order to obtain typical infant vocalizations in the laboratory. Analyses indicated that vocalizations were comparable in quantity and quality across the two settings. Earlier findings that frequency and complexity of vocalizations increase with age were also confirmed. These results suggest that with the use of conditioning procedures the laboratory can be an effective setting for recording infant vocalizations. Advantages of the laboratory setting include a favourable acoustic environment and the feasibility of maintaining stricter experimental control than is possible in more naturalistic contexts, such as the home.
The identification of sad prosodies differentiates between high and low repressive women

We investigated with fMRI whether different lateralization types of cortical activation in prosodic tasks are caused by different stress-related coping strategies. After classifying healthy women as high or low repressive they performed four different identification tasks with acoustically presented speech material while being in the MR scanner. The two materials presented in blocks were emotionally irrelevant CV syllables and adjectives with a mix of different prosodic intonations. Sad and happy intonations had to be targeted by two affective identification tasks in the same adjective mixtures. As controls for stimulus-material effects the phoneme /a/ had to be identified both in the syllables and in the adjectives. This design allowed to test influences of coping strategies and affective tasks on lateralization of cortical activation. Results showed no differences in global cortical lateralization as a function of high or low repressiveness and no global support for either the valence hypothesis or the right-hemisphere hypothesis of emotional processing. However, we observed differences in auditory and sensory speech cortex. In accordance to the construct of repression/sensitization, high repressive women showed larger left, low repressive women larger right hemisphere activation during the identification of sad intonations. Thus, differences in stress-related coping strategies may not lead to general differences in cortical lateralization, but may depend on specific elicitors and task-relevant brain areas. In contrast, the identification of happy intonations led to strong and rightlateralized global cortical activation independent of coping strategies which complies with the right-hemisphere hypothesis of emotional processing. In addition, this may reflect general cognitive and arousal effects of task difficulty as well as auditory cue-specific attentional effects.
Differential evolution design of an IIR-filter

The task of designing an 18 parameter IIR-filter (IIR=infinite impulse response) which has to meet tight specifications for both magnitude response and group delay is investigated. This problem is usually tackled by specialized design methods and requires an expert in digital signal processing for its solution. The use of the general purpose minimization method differential evolution (DE), however, allows filter design with a minimum knowledge of digital filters.