Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Bursts And Coincident Respiratory Changes During REM Sleep

Five respiratory parameters (cycle duration, inspiration duration, expiration duration, inspiration amplitude and expiration amplitude) and the electrooculogram (EQG) signal from the sleep rapid eye movement (REM) periods of five adult males were analyzed automatically during REM bursts without simultaneous artifact (muscle) activity and/or apnea. Statistical tests showed two types of changes: 1) an abrupt increase in instantaneous respiratory rate and an abrupt decrease in inspiration amplitude coinciding with the onset of a REM burst, and 2) an overall increase in instantaneous respiratory rate and decrease in respiratory amplitude during phasic as compared to tonic REM sleep. Both types of changes suggest that a rapid, shallow breathing pattern coincides with REM bursts. duration criteria based on previous work [4]. The respiration signal was smoothed, and peaks and troughs were detected corresponding to transitions between inspiration and expiration, and between expiration and inspiration, respectively (see Figure 1).
A Comparison of Primary and Secondary Relevance Judgements for Real-Life Topics

The notion of relevance is fundamental to the field of Information Retrieval. Within the field a generally accepted conception of relevance as inherently subjective has emerged, with an individual's assessment of relevance influenced by numerous contextual factors. In this paper we present a user study that examines in detail the differences between primary and secondary assessors on a set of "real-world" topics which were gathered specifically for the work. By gathering topics which are representative of the staff and students at a major university, at a particular point in time, we aim to explore differences between primary and secondary relevance judgements for real-life search tasks. Findings suggest that while secondary assessors may find the assessment task challenging in various ways (they generally possess less interest and knowledge in secondary topics and take longer to assess documents), agreement between primary and secondary assessors is high.
Statistics of high-altitude and high-latitude O+ ion outflows observed by Cluster/CIS

Abstract. The persistent outflows of O+ ions observed by the Cluster CIS/CODIF instrument were studied statistically in the high-altitude (from 3 up to 11 RE) and high-latitude (from 70 to ~90 deg invariant latitude, ILAT) polar region. The principal results are: (1) Outflowing O+ ions with more than 1keV are observed above 10 RE geocentric distance and above 85deg ILAT location; (2) at 6-8 RE geocentric distance, the latitudinal distribution of O+ ion outflow is consistent with velocity filter dispersion from a source equatorward and below the spacecraft (e.g. the cusp/cleft); (3) however, at 8-12 RE geocentric distance the distribution of O+ outflows cannot be explained by velocity filter only. The results suggest that additional energization or acceleration processes for outflowing O+ ions occur at high altitudes and high latitudes in the dayside polar region. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics, Solar wind-magnetosphere interactions)
The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey: 2.3 GHz observations of ELAIS-S1 and CDF-S - Spectral index properties of the faint radio sky

Context. The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) aims to image a 7 deg 2 region centred on the European Large Area ISO Survey - South 1 (ELAIS-S1) field and the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) at 1.4 GHz with high sensitivity (up to �∼ 10µJy) to study the evolution of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) over a wide range of cosmic time. Aims. We present here ancillary radio observations at a frequency of 2.3 GHz obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The main goal of this is to study the radio spectra of an unprecedented large sample of sources (∼ 2000 observed,∼ 600 detected in both frequencies). Methods. With this paper, we provide 2.3 GHz source catalogues for both ATLAS fields, with a detection limit of 300 µJy (equivalent to 4.5� in the ELAIS-S1 field and 4.0� in the CDF-S). We compute spectral indices between 1.4 GHz and 2.3 GHz using matchedresolution images and investigate various properties of our source sample in dependence of their spectral indices.
Selective suppression of retroviral gp70-anti-gp70 immune complex formation by prostaglandin E1 in murine systemic lupus erythematosus

The effect of pharmacologic quantities of prostaglandin E1 (PGE) was investigated in three strains of mice (NZB X NZW, MRL/1, and BXSB) that spontaneously develop lupus-like glomerulonephritis. PGE-treatment prolonged survival and retarded the glomerular deposition of immune complex (IC) and the development of glomerulonephritis in NZB X NZW and MRL/1 mice, but did not similarly protect BXSB mice. Changes in the responsive strains correlated well with reduced amounts of circulating gp70 complexed with anti-gp70 antibodies compared with untreated controls, although total concentrations of gp70 (free and complexed) detectable in sera were similar in both groups of mice. The results strongly suggest that: (a) PGE selectively suppressed the immune response to retroviral gp70, (b) PGe had little effect on the quantity or quality of anti-DNA antibodies but did reduce the deposition of anti- DNA containing IC in the kidneys, and (c) gp70 IC appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in murine systemic lupus erythematosus.
Attitudes Toward Recovery From Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Factorial Validity of Two Measures

ATTITUDES TOWARD RECOVERY FROM NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY: FACTORIAL VALIDITY OF TWO MEASURES Ivana Marcincinova Advisor: University of Guelph, 2016 Professor Stephen P. Lewis Literature suggests that the Trans-theoretical Stages of Change Model (TTM) may be useful in conceptualizing the recovery from non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), which is often complicated by ambivalence and reluctance to stop NSSI. Accordingly, finding ways to assess attitudes toward NSSI recovery within the TTM may help to tailor NSSI treatment efforts. The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness scale (SOCRATES) and University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) were adapted to reflect NSSI recovery attitudes, and their factorial validity was examined; literature shows mixed support for the scales' factorial validity. A sample of 351 university students with history of NSSI completed the scales and a series of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses revealed poor factorial validity of the scales when applied to NSSI recovery. Further research is needed to explore new ways of studying and measuring aspects of the TTM and other recovery-based frameworks when applied
“Bumpin’ Up Against People and Their Beliefs”: Narratives of Student Affairs Administrators Creating Change for LGBTQ Students in the South

Despite recent improvements for the lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender/queer (LGBTQ) students in higher education, marginalizing policies and climates for members of that community are still very present on our campuses. This narrative qualitative study, guided by the tempered radicals framework, explores how student affairs administrator in the southern United States have worked to effect change for LGBTQ student populations on their campuses. Grassroots activism by faculty, staff, and administrators can provide powerful mechanisms for change within higher education. Participants were interviewed to gain in-depth narratives of their experiences working within higher-education institutions to improve the college policies and practices toward LGBTQ students. Overall, participants shared inspiring and frustrating stories of how they worked to navigate institutional bureaucracies to create inclusive campus environments.
Bistability versus Bimodal Distributions in Gene Regulatory Processes from Population Balance

In recent times, stochastic treatments of gene regulatory processes have appeared in the literature in which a cell exposed to a signaling molecule in its environment triggers the synthesis of a specific protein through a network of intracellular reactions. The stochastic nature of this process leads to a distribution of protein levels in a population of cells as determined by a Fokker-Planck equation. Often instability occurs as a consequence of two (stable) steady state protein levels, one at the low end representing the “off” state, and the other at the high end representing the “on” state for a given concentration of the signaling molecule within a suitable range. A consequence of such bistability has been the appearance of bimodal distributions indicating two different populations, one in the “off” state and the other in the “on” state. The bimodal distribution can come about from stochastic analysis of a single cell. However, the concerted action of the population altering the extracellular concentration in the environment of individual cells and hence their behavior can only be accomplished by an appropriate population balance model which accounts for the reciprocal effects of interaction between the population and its environment. In this study, we show how to formulate a population balance model in which stochastic gene expression in individual cells is incorporated. Interestingly, the simulation of the model shows that bistability is neither sufficient nor necessary for bimodal distributions in a population. The original notion of linking bistability with bimodal distribution from single cell stochastic model is therefore only a special consequence of a population balance model.
Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia show elevated brain levels of the neuroactive tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA). This astrocyte-derived mediator acts as a neuroprotectant and modulates sensory gating and cognitive function. We measured the levels of KYNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy volunteers to investigate the putative involvement of KYNA in bipolar disorder. METHODS We obtained CSF by lumbar puncture from 23 healthy men and 31 euthymic men with bipolar disorder. We analyzed the samples using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Patients with bipolar disorder had increased levels of KYNA in their CSF compared with healthy volunteers (1.71 nM, standard error of the mean [SEM] 0.13 v. 1.13 nM, SEM 0.09; p = 0.002. The levels of KYNA were positively correlated with age among bipolar patients but not healthy volunteers. LIMITATIONS The influence of ongoing drug treatment among patients cannot be ruled out. We conducted our study during the euthymic phase of the disease. CONCLUSION Brain KYNA levels are increased in euthymic men with bipolar disorder. In addition, KYNA levels increased with age in these patients. These findings indicate shared mechanisms between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Elevated levels of brain KYNA may provide further insight to the pathophysiology and progression of bipolar disorder.
Therapy of murine tumors with tumor peptide-pulsed dendritic cells: dependence on T cells, B7 costimulation, and T helper cell 1-associated cytokines

Antigen presentation by host dendritic cells (DC) is critical for the initiation of adaptive immune responses. We have previously demonstrated in immunogenic murine tumor models that bone marrow (BM)- derived DC pulsed ex vivo with synthetic tumor-associated peptides, naturally expressed by tumor cells, serve as effective antitumor vaccines, protecting animals against an otherwise lethal tumor challenge (Mayordomo, J.I., T. Zorina, W.J. Storkus, C. Celluzzi, L.D. Falo, C.J. Melief, T. Ildstad, W.M. Kast, A.B. DeLeo, and M.T. Lotze. 1995. Nature Med. 1:1297-1302). However, T cell-defined epitopes have not been identified for most human cancers. To explore the utility of this approach in the treatment of tumors expressing as yet uncharacterized epitopes, syngeneic granulocyte/macrophage colony- stimulating factor-stimulated and BM-derived DC, pulsed with unfractionated acid-eluted tumor peptides (Storkus, W.J., H.J. Zeh III, R.D. Salter, and M.T. Lotze. 1993. J. Immunother. 14:94-103) were used to treat mice bearing spontaneous, established tumors. The adoptive transfer of 5 x 10(5) tumor peptide-pulsed DC dramatically suppressed the growth of weakly immunogenic tumors in day 4 to day 8 established MCA205 (H-2b) and TS/A (H-2d) tumor models, when applied in three biweekly intravenous injections. Using the immunogenic C3 (H-2b) tumor model in B6 mice, tumor peptide-pulsed DC therapy resulted in the erradication of established d14 tumors and long-term survival in 100% of treated animals. The DC-driven antitumor immune response was primarily cell mediated since the transfer of spleen cells, but not sera, from immunized mice efficiently protected sublethally irradiated naive mice against a subsequent tumor challenge. Furthermore, depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from tumor-bearing mice before therapy totally suppressed the therapeutic efficacy of DC pulsed with tumor- derived peptides. Costimulation of the host cell-mediated antitumor immunity was critical since inoculation of the chimeric fusion protein CTLA4-Ig virtually abrogated the therapeutic effects of peptide-pulsed DC in vivo. The analysis of the cytokine pattern in the draining lymph nodes and spleens of tumor-bearing mice immunized with DC pulsed with tumor-eluted peptides revealed a marked upregulation of interleukin (IL) 4 and interferon (IFN) gamma production, as compared with mice immunized with DC alone or DC pulsed with irrelevant peptides. DC- induced antitumor effects were completely blocked by coadministration of neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against T helper cell 1- associated cytokines (such as IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN- gamma), and eventually, but not initially, blocked by anti-mIL-4 mAb. Based on these results, we believe that DC pulsed with acid-eluted peptides derived from autologous tumors represents a novel approach to the treatment of established, weakly immunogenic tumors, and serves as a basis for designing clinical trials in cancer patients.
The epidemiological survey for atovaquone resistant related gene of Babesia gibsoni in Japan

In 73 gDNA samples from Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs, the M121I variant population was measured by using allele-specific real-time PCR. Although the mechanism of atovaquone against B. gibsoni has not been clearly identified, it is reported that the mitochondria cytochrome b gene of the atovaquone-resistant B. gibsoni had a single-nucleotide substitution at nt363 (G to T), which resulted in the substitution of methionine with isoleucine (M121I). In this study, 3/73 samples showed over 5% M121I variant population. Although the M121I variant population is a low percentage, it runs the risk of spreading drug-resistant parasites. It is important to prevent the spread of drug-resistance, so we need to gather information about this at regular intervals.
Are the OGLE Microlenses in the Galactic Bar

The analysis of the first two years of OGLE data revealed 9 microlensing events of the galactic bulge stars, with the characteristic time scales in the range $ 8.6 < t_0 < 62 $ days, where $ t_0 = R_E / V $. The optical depth to microlensing is larger than $ ( 3.3 \pm 1.2 ) \times 10^{-6}$, in excess of current theoretical estimates, indicating a much higher efficiency for microlensing by either bulge or disk lenses. We argue that the lenses are likely to be ordinary stars in the galactic bar, which has its long axis elongated towards us. A relation between $ t_0 $ and the lens masses remains unknown until a quantitative model of bar microlensing becomes available. At this time we have no evidence that the OGLE events are related to dark matter. The geometry of lens distribution can be determined observationally when the microlensing rate is measured over a larger range of galactic longitudes, like $ -10^o < l < +10^o $, and the relative proper motions of the galactic bulge (bar) stars are measured with the HST.
Delayed latencies of auditory evoked potential P300 are associated with the severity of Parkinson's disease in older patients.

UNLABELLED Electrophysiological methods could provide important information about the neurophysiological status in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the prolonged auditory P300 latency in PD and its association with the disease clinical stage. METHOD Clinical profiles of 44 patients were evaluated and those in initial and advanced stages of PD were identified. The frequency of altered latencies, median of latencies in each stage, and correlation between latencies and motor and non-motor clinical features were analyzed. Latencies were considered altered when they were more than two standard deviations from the mean of controls, per age group. RESULTS It was verified 10% of alterations in initial stages and 31% in advanced. There was correlation between latencies and non-motor clinical features. Subjects older than 65, in advanced stages, presented a significant increase of latencies. CONCLUSION There was an association between PD severity and P300 prolonged latencies among subjects 65 years old or older.
Warm shower aspersion, perineal exercises with Swiss ball and pain in labor Banho quente de aspersão, exercícios perineais com bola suíça e dor no trabalho de parto

Abstract Objective: To evaluate, in an isolated and combined manner, the use of warm aspersion bath and perineal exercises performed with Swiss ball during labor, facing pain perception. Methods: This is a clinical or intervention study. We recruited 15 pregnant women at low obstetric risk who accepted the use of non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief and who also accepted being questioned about their perception of pain using a visual analogue scale. Results: When the interventions studied were associated, pain reduction was significant. There was no significant difference in pain scores, when interventions were isolated. Conclusion: The results indicate that the associated use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, warm aspersion bath and perineal exercises with the Swiss ball during the dilation phase is related to the reduction of pain and promotion of the parturient’s comfort when associated. Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar de forma isolada e combinada a utilizacao do banho quente de aspersao e exercicios perineais realizados com bola suica durante o trabalho de parto e a percepcao da dor. Metodos: Estudo clinico experimental ou de intervencao, randomizado. Foram recrutadas 15 parturientes de baixo risco obstetrico que aceitaram utilizar intervencoes nao farmacologicas para alivio da dor e questionadas sobre a percepcao dolorosa, utilizando a aplicacao da escala analogica visual. Resultados: Quando as intervencoes em estudo foram associadas a diminuicao da dor foi significativa. Nao houve diferenca significativa no escore de dor, quando as intervencoes foram isoladas. Conclusao: Os resultados indicam que a utilizacao associada dos metodos nao farmacologicos para alivio da dor, banho quente de aspersao e exercicios perineais com a bola suica durante a fase de dilatacao esta relacionada com a reducao da dor da parturiente e promocao do conforto materno, quando associados.
Relationship between Longitudinal Continuity of Primary Care and Likelihood of Death: Analysis of National Insurance Data

Background Continuity of care (COC) is a widely accepted core principle of primary care and has been associated with patient satisfaction, healthcare utilization and mortality in many, albeit small, studies. Objective To assess the relationship between longitudinal continuity with a primary care physician (PCP) and likelihood of death in the French general population. Design Observational study based on reimbursement claims from the French national health insurance (NHI) database for salaried workers (2007–2010). Setting Primary care. Patients We extracted data on the number and pattern of visits made to a PCP and excluded all patients who did not visit a PCP at least twice within 6 months. We recorded age, gender, comorbidities, social status, and deaths. Main outcome measures The primary endpoint was death by all causes. We measured longitudinal continuity of care (COC) with a PCP twice a year between 2007 and 2010, using the COC index developed by Bice and Boxerman. We introduced the COC index as time-dependent variables in a survival analysis after adjustment for age, gender and stratifying on comorbidities and social status. Results A total of 325 742 patients were included in the analysis. The average COC index ranged from 0.74 (SD: 0.35) to 0.76 (0.35) (where 1.0 is perfect continuity). Likelihood of death was lower in patients with higher continuity (hazard ratio for an increase in 0.1 of continuity, adjusted for age, sex, and stratified on comorbidities and social status: 0.96 [0.95–0.96]). Conclusion Higher longitudinal continuity was associated with a reduced likelihood of death.
What Do We Know About Climate Change: The Jamaican Pedro Cays Fishers' Case

Climate change, though a global phenomenon, threatens to a greater extent poor and marginalized groups at all levels–– global, national, and local. A large majority of developing states suffer from what Fussel and Klein refer to as a double inequality, where these countries contribute little to the overall causes of climate change, while demonstrating a low capacity to resist and recover from the effects. The Caribbean region is documented as one of the world’s most vulnerable to negative climate change effects. Given the increased exposure to climate related events and in most cases limited resources for adaptation, the ability of the countries of this region to adapt to the impacts of climate change is influenced by their size and geographic location. However, in spite of the significance of its contribution to global biodiversity, its central location in relation to trade routes, and its importance as a global tourist destination, the region has been largely neglected in the growing climate change literature. Climate change research examines the factors that influence how groups respond to the impacts of climate change. One aspect of this research focuses on environmental psychological variables such as knowledge, perceptions, concerns, and climate related behaviors. Studies often indicate that there is a relationship among environmental psychological variables, that can often highlight to policymakers, decision-makers and other stakeholders, the ways in which climate change can be addressed within specific groups. Most of these studies in the area of environmental psychology have focused on the developed world, with some research about the developing world, but very little on the Caribbean region. Within Caribbean countries groups are differentially exposed and affected by climate change. Fishers for example have been categorized as one of the most vulnerable groups in Caribbean societies and have been viewed as highly susceptible to marine climate change impacts. Given the limited research on climate change and environmental psychological parameters to climate change for the Caribbean region, this paper begins to expand this body of literature by examining a case study of fishers’ knowledge, perceptions, and adaption behaviors. An examination of this group’s understanding of climate change can inform policies for addressing effective adaptation to climate change. The paper argues that having an awareness of climate change, having past experiences of climate related impacts, and being a part of a transient community may influence adaptation behaviors. The paper begins by providing an overview of environmental psychological research in general and then for the Caribbean, followed by a description of the research design for the specific fishers’ case. A presentation of the results is then provided and the paper ends by discussing some of the broader