Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A spectroscopic search for the non-nuclear Wolf-Rayet population of the metal-rich spiral galaxy M 83

We present a catalogue of non-nuclear regions containing Wolf-Rayet stars in the metal-rich spiral galaxy M 83 (NGC 5236). From a total of 283 candidate regions identified using He ii λ 4686 imaging with VLT-FORS2, Multi Object Spectroscopy of 198 regions was carried out, confirming 132 WR sources. From this sub-sample, an exceptional content of ~1035 ± 300 WR stars is inferred, with N (WC)/ N (WN) ~ 1.2, continuing the trend to larger values at higher metallicity amongst Local Group galaxies, and greatly exceeding current evolutionary predictions at high metallicity. Late-type stars dominate the WC population of M 83, with N (WC8–9)/ N (WC4–7) = 9 and WO subtypes absent, consistent with metallicity dependent WC winds. Equal numbers of late to early WN stars are observed, again in contrast to current evolutionary predictions. Several sources contain large numbers of WR stars. In particular, #74 (alias region 35 from de Vaucouleurs et al.) contains ~230 WR stars, and is identified as a Super Star Cluster from inspection of archival HST/ACS images. Omitting this starburst cluster would result in revised statistics of N (WC)/ N (WN) ~ 1 and N (WC8–9)/ N (WC4–7) ~ 6 for the “quiescent” disk population. Including recent results for the nucleus and accounting for incompleteness in our spectroscopic sample, we suspect the total WR population of M 83 may exceed 3000 stars.
Video Portfolio Assessment: Creating a Framework for Viewing the Functions of Teaching.

The goal in this work was to study how a professional assessment of teaching can be developed that will have a positive impact on the professional development of teachers who participate, either as candidates or evaluators. Our hypothesis was that such a positive Impact depends upon two factors: on teachers developing a socially shared language of practice for describing important functions of classroom teaching, and on their using this language in discussing videos of teaching covering a wide range of classroom situations. Our focus was on constructing an interpretive framework (and criteria) that could serve as this language of practice We present psychometric and semantic analyses showing that teachers are consistent in observing these functions of teaching and in using their observations to evaluate teaching in a variety of classroom contexts. We also present qualitative evidence showing how participating in collaborative video analysis or in scoring video portfolios benefits teachers in improving the.
Concepts of bounded agency in education, work, and the personal lives of young adults

This paper traces the development of a series of Anglo-German studies on how young adults experience control and exercise personal agency as they pass through periods of transition in education and training, work, unemployment and in their personal lives. The overarching aim has been to develop an extended dialogue between ideas and evidence to explore the beliefs and actions associated with life-chances under differing structural and cultural conditions. What kinds of beliefs and perspectives do people have on their future possibilities? How far do they feel in control of their lives? How does what people believe is possible for them (their personal horizons developed within cultural and structural influences) determine their behaviours and what they perceive to be 'choices'? This research contributes to the re-conceptualisation of agency as a process in which past habits and routines are contextualised and future possibilities envisaged with in the contingencies of the present moment. The paper concludes by explaining the concept of ;bounded agency' as an alternative to 'structured individualisation' as a way of understanding the experiences of people in changing social landscapes.
A centriole- and RanGTP-independent spindle assembly pathway in meiosis I of vertebrate oocytes

Spindle formation is essential for stable inheritance of genetic material. Experiments in various systems indicate that Ran GTPase is crucial for meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly. Such an important role for Ran in chromatin-induced spindle assembly was initially demonstrated in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. However, the requirement of RanGTP in living meiotic cells has not been shown. In this study, we used a fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe to measure RanGTP-regulated release of importin β. A RanGTP-regulated gradient was established during meiosis I and was centered on chromosomes throughout mouse meiotic maturation. Manipulating levels of RanGTP in mice and X. laevis oocytes did not inhibit assembly of functional meiosis I spindles. However, meiosis II spindle assembly did not tolerate changes in the level of RanGTP in both species. These findings suggest that a mechanism common to vertebrates promotes meiosis I spindle formation in the absence of chromatin-induced microtubule production and centriole-based microtubule organizing centers.
Families of adult cancer patients

Mental health professionals are being increasingly called upon to help families cope with cancer. Each family must negotiate unique tasks when faced with cancer. These tasks differ with regard to the developmental stage of the family system in combination with the clinical course of cancer. Stages of family development and the phases of cancer in combination with family themes, myths, and rules are presented in order to facilitate counselor understanding of adult cancer's impact on the family.
Interest in and standard of selection of clothing related to quality of life in older Japanese adults: Sex, age, and physical function differences

e purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between quality of life (QOL) in older adults and their interest in and standard of selection of clothing. e QOL of older adults in this study was assessed by the sense of life worth living (in Japanese, Ikigai). We hypothesized that having an interest in clothing and dressing behaviors may help maintain and enhance the QOL of older adults. In January 2010, a questionnaire survey including demographic factors (age, sex, and activities of daily living), interest in clothing, standard of selection of clothing, and sense of life worth living was distributed to 850 older Japanese people (aged 70–95 years) who were registered with a survey company. Responses from 499 people (256 men and 243 women; response rate, 58.7%) were analyzed. For standard of selection of clothing, all scores for women were higher than they were for men; no signi cant age-group di erences were observed, however. Furthermore, scores for interest in one’s own and others’ dressing behavior and interest in fashion were signi cantly greater in those who were younger or independent. e hierarchical multiple regression analyses also showed that the clothing-related variables signi cantly explained variance of the sense of life worth living (Ikigai) in older people (from 10% to 23%). We suggest that selecting personal taste in dress and/or an interest in clothing contribute to maintaining and enhancing QOL in older adults.
A Community Study of Psychological Distress and Immune Function in Women with Family Histories of Breast Cancer.

Abstract : To Date 99 women have been recruited for their first assessment. All women completed the psychological assessments and 55 agreed to have their blood taken for immune assessments. The initial psychological data have been entered and preliminary results indicate that women with family histories of cancer: (1) have higher levels of general distress; (2) have higher levels of cancer-specific distress; and, (3) perceive themselves to be at higher risk for developing breast cancer, compared to women without histories of cancer in the family. To examine the relations among these variables, regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated that perceived risk for breast cancer accounted for a significant portion of the group differences in general distress, but was not directly related to general distress. On the other hand, cancer specific distress was independently related to general distress, as well as accounting for a significant portion of the group differences. These results suggest that perceived risk may contribute to the higher levels of general distress in women with family histories of breast cancer indirectly, by increasing their cancer-specific distress. Future research will examine whether the higher levels of general distress and/or cancer specific distress affect immune function in women at familial risk for breast cancer.
Molecular mechanism of T‐cell control of Chlamydia in mice: role of nitric oxide in vivo

T‐cell‐mediated immunity is crucial for the control of Chlamydia in mice. Recent evidence from studies in an in vitro model of the mucosal epithelium, the polarized epithelial–lymphocyte co‐culture (PELC) system, indicated that protective murine T cells mediated intracellular inhibition of the Chlamydia trachomatis agent of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) at least partly by activating the interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway. To investigate whether nitric oxide played a role in controlling chlamydial infection in vivo, the protective capacity of a chlamydial‐specific T‐cell clone (clone 2.14‐0) was analysed in mice in the presence of a specific inhibitor of iNOS. The results revealed that the ability of this clone to clear Chlamydia in vivo is in part mediated by induction of nitric oxide (NO) production. The L‐arginine analogue and iNOS inhibitor, NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine monoacetate (MLA), increased the chlamydial burden in infected mice and inhibited the ability of clone 2.14‐0 to clear genital MoPn infection in vivo. The results are consistent with the working hypothesis that the IFN‐γ‐inducible iNOS pathway is involved in the control of Chlamydia by T lymphocytes in mice.
The Use of Theory in Social Studies of Web 2.0

Web 2.0 has become a hot topic in recent social studies. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in May 2010 to generate preliminary answers to the following primary research question: What are the current patterns of theory use in social studies of Web 2.0 applications? Using the search key terms of Web 2.0, social media, and social networking, a total of 141 articles from the Communication & Mass Media Complete and PsycINFO databases were selected for analysis. After applying the inclusion/ exclusion criteria (addressing Web 2.0 applications that feature user-generated content and social networking; exploration of human behaviors; and report of original research data), a total of 54 research articles remained. Among these, 34 mentioned theory (primarily social network theory), however only five used theory to guide the research. These findings suggest the need to develop more theory-driven research in social studies of Web 2.0.
The Use of Reception Strategies by Learners of French as a Foreign Language

Listening in a second or foreign language is a very demanding task because it involves both correctly interpreting incoming speech and responding appropriately to the speaker. This qualitative classroom-based investigation describes the types and frequency of reception strategies used by learners at three different proficiency levels in French while engaged in a two-way information-gap task. Results indicate that the learners used various strategies in order to achieve understanding while interacting with one another. These strategies were used either to obtain new information from interlocutors, to confirm information, or to repair comprehension problems. The results also suggest that learners at all proficiency levels were able to use these strategies when needed and evidently without prior training in strategy use.
Developing Turnaround Leadership: Pragmatic Guides and Contextually Specific Lessons from the Field

Over the past several years, there has been a crescendo in the politics of education (Cooper, Cibulka, & Fusarelli, 2008; Glass, 2008), as an increasing number of interests have tried to influence debates about school improvement (Kaestle & Lodewick, 2007) and school-turnaround reform efforts (Murphy & Meyers, 2008). A frequent impetus for such debates is the 2009 revision of the Title I School Improvement Grant (SIG) program. Initially unveiled through the release of the Blueprint for Reform: The Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (US Department of Education, 2010), the stated goal of the SIG program is to facilitate the dramatic ‘‘turn around’’ of the nation’s 5,000 lowest-performing schools by mandating ‘‘significant changes in the operation, governance, staffing, or instructional program of a school’’ (US Department of Education, 2010, p. 12). Although supporters of the Title I SIG program praise the administration’s fiscal commitment to turning around consistently low-performing public schools, educational leaders must implement a set of prescriptive reform strategies not founded upon empirically supported
Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms

ABSTRACT Flies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the presence of Escherichia coli strains resistant to cephalosporins in flies captured in the areas surrounding five broiler farms. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistant population was performed by different methods: MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylotyping. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, their plasmid location, and the mobile genetic elements involved in their mobilization were studied. Additionally, the presence of 35 genes associated with virulence was evaluated. Out of 682 flies captured, 42 yielded ESBL-producing E. coli. Of these isolates, 23 contained bla CTX-M-1, 18 contained bla CTX-M-14, and 1 contained bla CTX-M-9. ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harbored qnrS. Identical PFGE profiles were found for E. coli isolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the farm environment over months. According to their virulence genes, 81% of the isolates were considered avian-pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and 29% were considered extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). The entrance of flies into broiler houses constitutes a considerable risk for colonization of broilers with multidrug-resistant E. coli. ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the farm environment. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential contribution of flies to the dissemination of virulence and resistance genes into different ecological niches.
Diagnosing ANCA-associated vasculitis in ANCA positive patients

AbstractCurrently no validated diagnostic system for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is available. Therefore, diagnosing AAV is often challenging. We aimed to identify factors that lead to a clinical diagnosis AAV in ANCA positive patients in a teaching hospital in The Netherlands.In this study, all patients that tested positive for ANCA proteinase 3 (PR3) and/or myeloperoxidase (MPO) between 2005 and 2015 were analysed. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of AAV were compared with patients without a clinical diagnosis of AAV. Clinical symptoms and laboratory variables at presentation, including the ANCA titre, were collected for both patients with and without AAV. Clinical and laboratory variables related with AAV were investigated, using multivariable logistic regression.Two hundred thirty seven consecutive patients with a positive ANCA were included, of whom 119 were clinically diagnosed with AAV. Of the 118 ANCA positive patients without AAV, 87 patients had an alternative diagnosis, including inflammatory bowel disease (n = 24), other rheumatic diseases (n = 23), infection (n = 11), malignancy (n = 4), and other diagnoses (n = 25). In a multivariable regression model, a high ANCA titre (odds ratio [OR] 14.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.93–28.94) and a high number of affected organ systems (OR 7.67, 95% CI 3.69–15.94) were associated with AAV.MPO and PR3 ANCA can be positive in a variety of diseases that mimic AAV. A higher ANCA titre and multiple affected organ systems may help to discriminate between AAV and other systemic illnesses in anti-PR3 and anti-MPO positive patients. A diagnostic scoring system incorporating these factors should be considered.
Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons

1. Introduction Part I. The Case of Judicial Prison Reform: 2. An overview of judicial prison reform 3. Two classic prison reform cases: Arkansas and Texas 4. Three variations on a theme: the Colorado penitentiary, the Santa Clara county jails and Marion penitentiary Part II. The Theory of Judicial Policy-Making: 5. Defining the problem, identifying the goal, and rejecting the principle of federalism 6. Creating doctrine, choosing solutions and transforming the rule of law 7. Implementing the solution, muddling through and ignoring the separation of powers principle 8. Conclusion 9. CODA: assessing the successes of judicial prison reform.
On the Generalization Error Bounds of Neural Networks under Diversity-Inducing Mutual Angular Regularization

Recently diversity-inducing regularization methods for latent variable models (LVMs), which encourage the components in LVMs to be diverse, have been studied to address several issues involved in latent variable modeling: (1) how to capture long-tail patterns underlying data; (2) how to reduce model complexity without sacrificing expressivity; (3) how to improve the interpretability of learned patterns. While the effectiveness of diversity-inducing regularizers such as the mutual angular regularizer has been demonstrated empirically, a rigorous theoretical analysis of them is still missing. In this paper, we aim to bridge this gap and analyze how the mutual angular regularizer (MAR) affects the generalization performance of supervised LVMs. We use neural network (NN) as a model instance to carry out the study and the analysis shows that increasing the diversity of hidden units in NN would reduce estimation error and increase approximation error. In addition to theoretical analysis, we also present empirical study which demonstrates that the MAR can greatly improve the performance of NN and the empirical observations are in accordance with the theoretical analysis.
The Teaching of History in Greece

The Greek educational system attaches particular significance to national history. The continuity of Hellenism from antiquity to the present constitutes an essential component of Greek national identity and is continuously reproduced in school through the teaching of history and other courses and activities. In the highly centralized Greek school system, history teaching is organized around a detailed official syllabus and its single corresponding textbook. In the national narrative reproduced in school, the Greek nation is understood as a natural, unified, eternal, and unchanging entity, not a product of history. The teaching of history neither moves beyond this ethnocentric concept of the nation nor familiarizes students with the production of historical knowledge.
Positive Mood and Persuasion: Different Roles for Affect Under High- and Low-Elaboration Conditions

Two experiments examined the processes by which positive mood influences attitude change under high and low message elaboration conditions. To examine elaboration, Experiment 1 included individuals who differed in their need for cognition, and Experiment 2 manipulated the relevance of the message. In each study, Ss were exposed to a persuasive communication following a positive or neutral mood induction. In both studies, positive mood produced more positive attitudes toward the advocacy, but positive mood influenced the positivity of Ss' thoughts only under high-elaboration conditions. Path analyses showed that positive mood had a direct effect on attitudes in the low-elaboration conditions but influenced attitudes indirectly by modifying the positivity of thoughts in the high-elaboration conditions. Does a positive mood facilitate persuasion? Many of the initial studies addressing this question suggested that manipulations inducing a positive mood either just before or during a persuasive communication increased the likelihood of attitude change (e.g., Biggers & Pryor, 1982; Dribben & Brabender, 1979; Srull, 1983). These "main effect" findings were so consistent that in reviewing the work on positive affect and persuasion, McGuire (1985) concluded that Persuasive impact is greater if the person is in a happy, benevolent mood when the message comes, noshing on peanuts and soda (Janis, Kaye, and Kirschner, 1965), watching a good program (Krugman, 1983), and with pleasant musical background (Galizio and Hendrick, 1972), an appropriately scented other (Baron, 1983), a smile on one's face (Laird, 1974), nodding one's head (Wells and Petty, 1980), or relaxed in posture (Petty, Wells, Heesacker, Brock, and Cacioppo, 1983). (p. 285) Since 1985, however, the picture has become more complicated. In particular, recent studies have found that positive
Effects of Dangerous and Competitive Worldviews on Right‐Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation over a Five‐Month Period

The cross-lagged effects of dangerous and competitive social worldviews on Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) were examined over a five-month period (N = 165). Analyses indicated that the motivational goal for group-based dominance and superiority indexed by SDO changed as a function of the degree to which the social world was perceived as a competitive place characterized by inequality and resource scarcity. The motivational goal for ingroup conformity and collective security indexed by RWA, in contrast, changed as a function of the degree to which the social world was perceived as a dangerous and threatening place prone to high levels of crime and immoral behavior. These findings are consistent with the causal pathways between social worldviews and ideological attitudes predicted by Duckitt's (2001) model of the dual motivational and cognitive processes underlying prejudice. An unexpected reciprocal effect in which RWA predicted longitudinal change in dangerous worldview was also identified, suggesting that the relationship between these two constructs may be more complex than previously hypothesized. Language: en
The Roles of Self-Efficacy and Task Complexity in the Relationships Among Cognitive Ability, Conscientiousness, and Work-Related Performance: A Meta-Analytic Examination

Although cognitive ability and conscientiousness have been found to predict work-related performance, less is known about whether and when certain mediating variables help explain these relationships. This study examined meta-analytically whether self-efficacy mediates the cognitive ability-performance and conscientiousness-performance relationships, and whether task complexity moderates the extent to which self-efficacy mediates these relationships. Results indicated that cognitive ability and conscientiousness positively relate to self-efficacy, but that the magnitude of these relationships varies with task complexity. Furthermore, results showed that self-efficacy mediates the relationships of cognitive ability and conscientiousness with performance on simple tasks, but not on complex tasks. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.