Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assembly of finite element methods on graphics processors

Recently, graphics processing units (GPUs) have had great success in accelerating many numerical computations. We present their application to computations on unstructured meshes such as those in finite element methods. Multiple approaches in assembling and solving sparse linear systems with NVIDIA GPUs and the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) are created and analyzed. Multiple strategies for efficient use of global, shared, and local memory, methods to achieve memory coalescing, and optimal choice of parameters are introduced. We find that with appropriate preprocessing and arrangement of support data, the GPU coprocessor using single‐precision arithmetic achieves speedups of 30 or more in comparison to a well optimized double‐precision single core implementation. We also find that the optimal assembly strategy depends on the order of polynomials used in the finite element discretization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF INTERMITTENT MAXIMAL CONTRACTIONS ON VOLUNTARY ACTIVATION DEFICITS

The purpose of this research was to provide more definitive support for the hypothesis that prolonged muscle activation at high intensities increases voluntary activation deficits. Interpolated twitch responses were evoked during maximal and sub-maximal voluntary contractions of the soleus muscle in 10 college-aged students. Maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), maximal muscle twitches, and interpolated twitch responses were measured before, during, and after fatiguing isometric exercise, five bouts of 20 intermittent MVCs. The relationship between voluntary activation and force was studied by evoking interpolated twitches during sub-maximal voluntary contractions on Day 1 and pre-post fatigue on Day 2. Intraclass reliability coefficients for the MVC, maximal muscle twitch, and interpolated twitch responses were adequate across trials and days (R ≥ .80). MVC force and maximal twitch force decreased after the fatiguing exercise bouts by 28% and 32%, respectively (p < .05). Voluntary activation of the fatigue-resistant soleus muscle decreased by 10% after the first five min of maximal exercise with a subsequent decrease of 9% occurring after 25 min of maximal exercise (p < .05). At the end of the experimental session, approximately 30 min after the end of the fatiguing exercise, decreases in 100% MVC force, maximal muscle twitch force, and voluntary activation were still evident: 22%, 23%, and 11%, respectively (p < .05). Post-fatigue, there were also changes in neural strategies for voluntary activation of the soleus muscle at the higher sub-maximal efforts, ≥70% MVC target levels (p < .05). These data demonstrate the cumulative effects of prolonged exercise on voluntary activation.
Complete sequence of the citrus tristeza virus RNA genome.

The sequence of the entire genome of citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Florida isolate T36, was completed. The 19,296-nt CTV genome encodes 12 open reading frames (ORFs) potentially coding for at least 17 protein products. The 5'-proximal ORF 1a starts at nucleotide 108 and encodes a large polyprotein with calculated MW of 349 kDa containing domains characteristic of (from 5' to 3') two papain-like proteases (P-PRO), a methyltransferase (MT), and a helicase (HEL). Alignment of the putative P-PRO sequences of CTV with the related proteases of beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) and potyviruses allowed the prediction of catalytic cysteine and histidine residues as well as two cleavage sites, namely Val-Gly/Gly for the 5' proximal P-PRO domain and Met-Gly/Gly for the 5' distal P-PRO domain. The autoproteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein at these sites would release two N-terminal leader proteins of 54 and 55 kDa, respectively, and a 240-kDa C-terminal fragment containing MT and HEL domains. The apparent duplication of the leader domain distinguishes CTV from BYV and accounts for most of the size increase in the ORF 1a product of CTV. The downstream ORF 1b encodes a 57-kDa putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is probably expressed via a +1 ribosomal frameshift. Sequence analysis of the frameshift region suggests that this +1 frameshift probably occurs at a rare arginine codon CGG and that elements of the RNA secondary structure are unlikely to be involved in this process. The complete polyprotein resulting from this frameshift event has a calculated MW of 401 kDa and after cleavage of the two N-terminal leaders would yield a 292-kDa protein containing the MT, HEL, and RdRp domains. Phylogenetic analysis of the three replication-associated domains, MT, HEL, and RdRp, indicates that CTV and BYV form a separate closterovirus lineage within the alpha-like supergroup of positive-strand RNA viruses. Two gene blocks or modules can be easily identified in the CTV genome. The first includes the replicative MT, HEL, and RdRp genes and is conserved throughout the entire alpha-like superfamily. The second block consists of five ORFs, 3 to 7, conserved among closteroviruses, including genes for the CTV homolog of HSP70 proteins and a duplicate of the coat protein gene. The 3'-terminal ORFs 8 to 11 encode a putative RNA-binding protein (ORF 11), and three proteins with unknown functions; this gene array is poorly conserved among closteroviruses. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Multisensory integration of dynamic emotional faces and voices: method for simultaneous EEG-fMRI measurements

Combined EEG-fMRI analysis correlates time courses from single electrodes or independent EEG components with the hemodynamic response. Implementing information from only one electrode, however, may miss relevant information from complex electrophysiological networks. Component based analysis, in turn, depends on a priori knowledge of the signal topography. Complex designs such as studies on multisensory integration of emotions investigate subtle differences in distributed networks based on only a few trials per condition. Thus, they require a sensitive and comprehensive approach which does not rely on a-priori knowledge about the underlying neural processes. In this pilot study, feasibility and sensitivity of source localization-driven analysis for EEG-fMRI was tested using a multisensory integration paradigm. Dynamic audiovisual stimuli consisting of emotional talking faces and pseudowords with emotional prosody were rated in a delayed response task. The trials comprised affectively congruent and incongruent displays. In addition to event-locked EEG and fMRI analyses, induced oscillatory EEG responses at estimated cortical sources and in specific temporo-spectral windows were correlated with the corresponding BOLD responses. EEG analysis showed high data quality with less than 10% trial rejection. In an early time window, alpha oscillations were suppressed in bilateral occipital cortices and fMRI analysis confirmed high data quality with reliable activation in auditory, visual and frontal areas to the presentation of multisensory stimuli. In line with previous studies, we obtained reliable correlation patterns for event locked occipital alpha suppression and BOLD signal time course. Our results suggest a valid methodological approach to investigate complex stimuli using the present source localization driven method for EEG-fMRI. This novel procedure may help to investigate combined EEG-fMRI data from novel complex paradigms with high spatial and temporal resolution.
CT-Based Size and Shape Determination of the Craniofacial Skeleton: A New Scoring System to Assess Bony Deformities in Hemifacial Microsomia

The purpose of this study was to design a better craniofacial classification system for bony deformities in patients with hemifacial microsomia than the existing ones. It was meant to incorporate the deformity of the craniofacial skeleton other than that of the mandible. The “Mandibular Deformity Scoring” System (MDS), the “Cranial Deformity Scoring” System (CDS), the the “Craniofacial Deformity Scoring” System (CFDS) are three newly developed classification systems, which are based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) reconstructions. The size and shape of the craniofacial structures of 34 children, 25 with hemifacial microsomia and 9 with minimal dysplasia or trauma, were determined from CT scans, using 3-D image segmentation and rendering. Contiguous 1.5-mm CT scans were made using a Philips Tomoscan 350 and were processed using a Cemax 1500X 3-D workstation. The precision of the 3-D imaging was assessed by repeated determinations carried out by two observers (intra-and interreliability). Accuracy of the bone determination technique was assessed by comparing the interpretations of the craniofacial skeleton by 3-D CT reconstructions of laser-stereolithographic 3-D models. Correlations of the Pruzansky/Kaban classification system and the newly developed classification systems were demonstrated by the use of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficients. The new CFDS (=CDS + MDS) provides an adequate basis for assessment of bony structures using three-dimensional imaging and demonstrates a high correlation with the known Pruzansky/Kaban classification system. This new scoring system can handle the wide variety of individual variation of the deformity seen in patients with hemifacial microsomia better than the existing scoring systems.
An interpretive phenomenological account of the experiences of family carers of the elderly

Research on family caregiving has focused on the quantitative as opposed to the qualitative investigation of the impact of caregiving on the health and psychological well-being of family carers. In this study, interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to explore the subjective experience, needs and appraisals from the perspectives of family carers of older adults. Six family carers were recruited from a carer support group; one male and five female primary carers to an elderly family member with age or disease-related impairment. Two super-ordinate themes emerged from the analysis of interview transcripts. The first was labelled ‘feeling helpless to being wise’. The second, ‘perceptions of support’. The latter related to family carers' personal coping processes and self-constructions as carers, and to family carers' perceptions of support and predominant challenges of support seeking. Findings pointed to an evolving self-construction and explanatory framework for the tasks of caring among fami.
Lexical Properties, Prosody, and Syntax: Implications for Normal and Disordered Language

This paper is primarily about sentence processing in neurologically intact subjects--but carries with it the underlying message that though both grammatical and on-line analyses of agrammatism have borne considerable fruit, there is much about the efforts from normal psycholinguistics that has yet to find its way into investigations of aphasia. We describe some of our psycholinguistic work and show how it has influenced our work in aphasia. This work involves three different kinds of information that the human sentence processing system appears to exploit: (1) lexical properties, particularly those having to do with verbs; (2) syntactic operations that connect one position in the sentence to another, nonadjacent position; and (3) prosody, which is often overlooked but which may turn out to be crucial to accounts of both normal and disordered sentence processing. Finally, we suggest that lexical properties interact with prosody to help the parser in its initial analysis.
On a generalization of the Cartwright–Littlewood fixed point theorem for planar homeomorphisms

We prove a generalization of the fixed point theorem of Cartwright and Littlewood. Namely, suppose that $h:\mathbb{R}^{2}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{2}$ is an orientation preserving planar homeomorphism, and let $C$ be a continuum such that $h^{-1}(C)\cup C$ is acyclic. If there is a $c\in C$ such that $\{h^{-i}(c):i\in \mathbb{N}\}\subseteq C$ , or $\{h^{i}(c):i\in \mathbb{N}\}\subseteq C$ , then $C$ also contains a fixed point of $h$ . Our approach is based on Brown’s short proof of the result of Cartwright and Littlewood. In addition, making use of a linked periodic orbits theorem of Bonino, we also prove a counterpart of the aforementioned result for orientation reversing homeomorphisms, that guarantees a $2$ -periodic orbit in $C$ if it contains a $k$ -periodic orbit ( $k>1$ ).
ADAM17 mRNA expression and pathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM To study the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate the relationship between ADAM17 mRNA expression and clinicopathological features of HCC. METHODS Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) from 31 cases were divided into small HCC (SHCC), nodular HCC (NHCC) and solitary large HCC (SLHCC) according to tumor diameter and the number of nodes. ADAM17 mRNA expressions were compared among those groups by means of semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The relationship between ADAM17 mRNA expression level and clinicopathological features of HCC was evaluated. RESULTS NHCC had lower differentiation and was more frequently of microvascular invasion (10/12) than SHCC (3/11) and SLHCC (3/8) (P<0.05), but no statistical difference was observed between SHCC and SLHCC comparing their clinicopathological features. ADAM17 mRNA expression was detected in 77.4% (24/31) of HCC tissues and was significantly higher than that in paired non-cancerous liver tissues in which only 35.5% (11/31) of the samples were detected of the expression (P<0.05). The expression of ADAM17 mRNA was much higher in NHCC than in SHCC and SLHCC (P<0.05), while no significant difference was discovered between SHCC and SLHCC. The quantities of ADAM17 mRNA were significantly higher in poorly differentiated HCC than in well or moderately differentiated HCC, but no statistical difference was found concerning liver cirrhosis, tumor capsule formation or microvascular invasion of the cancer. CONCLUSION The increased expression of ADAM17 may play a key role in the development of HCC. The expression levels of ADAM17 mRNA varied among different pathological types of HCC. Lower mRNA expression of ADAM17 mRNA in SLHCC may be associated with the better molecular pathological features of SLHCC.
Tracking underwater objects using large MIMO sonar systems

MIMO sonar systems can offer great capabilities for area surveillance especially in very shallow water with heavy cluttered environment. We present here a MIMO simulator which can compute synthetic raw data for any transmitter/receiver pair in multipath and cluttered environment. Synthetic moving targets such as boats or AUVs can also be introduced into the environment. For the harbour surveillance problem we are interested in tracking all moving objects in a particular area. So far the tracking filter of choice for multistatic systems has been the MHT (Multiple Hypothesis Tracker). The reason behind this choice is its capability to propagate track identities at each iteration. The MHT is an extension of a mono object tracker to a multi object problem and therefore suffers from a number of drawbacks: the number of targets should be known and the birth or death of new tracks are based on heuristics. A fine ad hoc parameter tuning is then required and there is a lack of adaptivity in this process. To overcome those restrictions we will be using the HISP (Hypothesised multi-object filter for Independent Stochastic Population) filter recently developed by [1]. The HISP filter relies on a generalisation of the concept of point process that integrates a representation of distinguishability. As a consequence, this filter deals directly with the multi-object estimation problem, while maintaining track identities through time without using heuristics. While filters track the objects after processing in the digital domain, we show as well in this paper that we can adapt acoustical time reversal techniques to track an underwater target directly with the MIMO system. We will show that the proposed modified DORT technique matches the prediction / data update steps of a tracking filter.
Release of cell wall peptides into culture medium by exponentially growing Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli W7 cells were found to release three different muropeptides into the culture medium: tetrapeptide (L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid-D-Ala), tripeptide (L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid), and a previously undescribed dipeptide (meso-diaminopimelic acid-D-Ala). From the rate of release of these three peptides, it was calculated that 6 to 8% of the murein in the sacculus was lost per generation.
Alterations along the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) after Exposure to Propylthiouracil

In the past, various approaches have been developed to detect adverse effects of pollutants on the thyroid of vertebrates, most of these with special emphasis on the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Although fish are primarily affected by thyroid-disrupting chemicals, studies into alterations of the thyroid of fish are scarce. Therefore, effects of the reference compound propylthiouracil on histopathology of the thyroid axis were analyzed in a modified early life-stage test with zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to propylthiouracil. The test substance induced dose-dependent alterations of thyroidal tissue concomitant with increases in the number of surrounding blood vessels. Despite this massive proliferation of the thyroid, zebrafish were not able to maintain thyroxin concentrations. The pituitary was affected displaying significant alterations in thyroid-stimulating hormone cell counts. Quantitative evaluation of pituitary surface areas revealed a dose-dependent increase of adenohypophyseal tissue. Distinct histopathological effects may contribute to a more easy identification and interpretation of alterations induced by thyroid-disrupting chemicals.
Salicylic Acid Induces Changes in Mango Fruit that Affect Oviposition Behavior and Development of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is an important quarantine pest around the globe. Although measures for its control are implemented worldwide through IPM and male annihilation, there is little effect on their population. Hence, there is a need for new strategies to control this minacious pest. A strategy that has received negligible attention is the induction of ‘natural plant defenses’ by phytohormones. In this study, we investigated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) treatment of mango fruit (cv. Totapuri) on oviposition and larval development of B. dorsalis. In oviposition choice assays, gravid females laid significantly less eggs in SA treated compared to untreated fruit. Headspace volatiles collected from SA treated fruit were less attractive to gravid females compared to volatiles from untreated fruit. GC-MS analysis of the headspace volatiles from SA treated and untreated fruit showed noticeable changes in their chemical compositions. Cis-ocimene and 3-carene (attractants to B. dorsalis) were reduced in the headspace volatiles of treated fruit. Further, reduced pupae formation and adult emergence was observed in treated fruit compared to control. Increased phenol and flavonoid content was recorded in treated fruit. We also observed differential expression of anti-oxidative enzymes namely catalase (CAT), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). In summary, the results indicate that SA treatment reduced oviposition, larval development and adult emergence of B. dorsalis and suggest a role of SA in enhancing mango tolerance to B. dorsalis.
TEAM: ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor Model

Memristive devices are novel devices, which can be used in applications ranging from memory and logic to neuromorphic systems. A memristive device offers several advantages: nonvolatility, good scalability, effectively no leakage current, and compatibility with CMOS technology, both electrically and in terms of manufacturing. Several models for memristive devices have been developed and are discussed in this paper. Digital applications such as memory and logic require a model that is highly nonlinear, simple for calculations, and sufficiently accurate. In this paper, a new memristive device model is presented-TEAM, ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor model. This model is flexible and can be fit to any practical memristive device. Previously published models are compared in this paper to the proposed TEAM model. It is shown that the proposed model is reasonably accurate and computationally efficient, and is more appropriate for circuit simulation than previously published models.
The Therapeutic Relationship and Its Impact: A Study of Psychotherapy with Schizophrenics

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Consumer Socialisation and Value Orientations among Estonian and Chinese Young People

This paper asks if Estonian and Chinese tweens’ access to pocket money influences their brand valuation, as well as value orientations in the context of perceived peer popularity and personal well-being. Surveys conducted in autumns 2006 (China n = 188) and 2007 (Estonia n = 111) show an inherent cultural resistance among tweens in both countries towards using material standards to evaluate people and social relations. Access to own money correlates strongly with more consumerist values and strengthen the initial indications that individualist and expressive values are more highly esteemed by Estonian tweens, while social inclusion and approval are more vital for the Chinese. � 2009 The Author(s). Children & Society � 2009 National Children’s Bureau.
Normal Gelişim Gösteren Öğrencilerin Özel Gereksinimli Öğrencilere Bakışını Etkileyen Etkenler

Ozel gereksinimli birey icin en temel sorun, topluma uyum saglamak ve uretici duruma gecmektir. Ancak bu amacin gerceklesebilmesi icin toplumun da ozel gereksinimli bireyleri kabul etmesi ve onlara yonelik olumlu yaklasim icinde bulunmasi gereklidir. Bu calisma, Ankara ili Altindag ilcesindeki okullara devam eden ve normal gelisim gosteren ogrencilerin siniflarindaki ozel gereksinimli ogrencilere sosyal acidan nasil baktiklarini, ozel gereksinimli ogrencilerin sosyal kabul duzeylerini ve sosyal kabul duzeyini etkileyen degiskenleri belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Arastirma tarama modelindedir. Analiz sonuclarina gore, normal gelisim gosteren akranlarinin gozunde ozel gereksinimli ogrencilerin orta duzeye yakin bir kabul duzeyine sahip olduklari bulunmustur. Cinsiyet, yas, sinif duzeyi, normal gelisim gosteren ogrencinin ozel gereksinimli kardese sahip olup olmama durumu, ailesinin gelir durumu, anne ve babasinin egitim durumunun ozel gereksinimli ogrencilere yonelik sosyal kabul duzeyini anlamli derecede degistirmedigi saptanmistir