Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process of Motivational Enhancement Therapy: Relationships between Therapist and Client Behaviours, and Alcohol Use Outcome

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based, directive, client-centered therapy designed to develop discrepancy and resolve ambivalence by eliciting and reinforcing client Change Talk. However, the exact link between the process engaged in during MI and outcome is only starting to be uncovered. The present thesis has replicated and expanded on the current knowledge of the relationship between Therapist and Client Behaviours during a MI-based intervention (Motivational Enhancement Therapy; MET) and outcome, and has provided support for the emergent theory of the inner workings of MI. This was achieved by coding 106 audiotaped MET sessions primarily by the methods outlined in the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code Version 2.0. Data was drawn from 28 participants who received 3-4 sessions of MET with the contest of a randomised controlled trial for mild-moderate alcohol dependence at the Community Alcohol and Drug Service of Christchurch. Therapist and Client Behaviours were analysed within sessions (categorised into Early, Mid, or End Intervals) and across sessions, and compared with whether the client had drank within national drinking guidelines during the 6-months after MET (Controlled Drinkers). In terms of Client Behaviours during MET it was found that Uncontrolled Drinkers (Compared with Controlled Drinkers) uttered a significantly higher frequency of Sustain Talk, lower Ability Language strength (over all MET and during End Intervals), and lower Commitment Language strength (during Session 2 and 4, and change over MET). Giving Information was the only Therapist Behaviour where significant differences were observed over all MET, with a higher frequency given to the Uncontrolled Drinkers. However, during End Intervals within MET Sessions, Controlled Drinkers received a significantly higher frequency of Advise without Permission and a lower frequency of Emphasise Control statements. In most instances MI-Consistent Therapist Behaviours were associated with higher strength of Ability and Commitment Language, and a lower frequency of Sustain Talk. MI-Inconsistent Therapist Behaviour, Direct, was associated with lower Client Language strength. Limitations to these results include small sample, limited ability to make inferences about causality, coder biases, and uneven reliability. However, this exploratory study was unique in investigating the relationship between Therapist Behaviours and the strength of Client Language, and in examining these factors within and across multiple sessions, and has produced a number of potentially valuable findings that warrant further investigation.
Location of the neutral axis in wood beams

It is commonly accepted in the analysis of wood beams that the neutral axis coincides with the beam’s centroid. However, wood is not an isotropic material, has different elastic properties in the tangential, radial and longitudinal directions, and is non-homogeneous, as it contains characteristics such as knots. Therefore, there is need for an analysis of the neutral axis for anisotropic, non-homogeneous materials, such as wood, to predict deformations and strains. Specifically, digital imaging correlation, a non-contact technique to measure deformation of an object’s surface, is used to examine how knots influence neutral axis location. Output from digital imaging correlation software provides a clear image of the location of the neutral axis. The neutral axis in a clear wood beam remains close to the centroidal axis throughout loading, while the location of a knot determines the size of the compression and tension zones as well as the location of the neutral axis.
Is There a Retirement-Savings Puzzle?

In this paper we ask whether households are saving enough for their retirement. We use data on income, expenditure and expenditure components to analyse patterns of behaviour at and around the time of retirement. For successive date-of-birth cohorts we compare periods of unemployment to periods of retirement and separate expenditures into categories reflecting work-related expenditures, basic necessities and other goods. We find that income typically falls by more at unemployment than retirement, but the reverse is true for expenditure. We observe falls in expenditure at retirement for all expenditure categories. Using a stochastic life-cycle model including mortality rates we assess the anticipated impact of retirement on consumption against that of unemployment. The inter-relationship between goods and leisure explains a large part of the persistent fall in expenditure at retirement. We argue that the only way in which the life-cycle hypothesis could be reconciled with the remaining unanticipated dip in consumption would be with the systematic arrival of unexpected adverse information at the time of retirement.
Evaluation of models for developing biological input for the design and location of water-intake structures

An approach for assessing multiple stimulus/response relations between fish and water intake structures is presented in this report. The approach stresses stimulus/response relations influencing fish and shellfish distribution and is made up of two methods. The first places emphasis on spatial and temperal distributions of populations; information is presented in the form of a non-predictive model, which allows for organizing information and documenting review processes. The second approach encompasses functional relationships between environmental and biological stimuli and responses of organisms. By using the two methods together, functional relationships can be evaluated to define the distribution of a fish or shellfish species. This information can then be used to resolve questions relating to impingement and entrainment.
The Moderating Effect of Network Centrality on the Relationship Between Work Experience Variables and Organizational Commitment

Abstract : The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of an individual's network position on the relationship between work experience variables and affective commitment. This study tested three hypotheses, which were introduced through a comprehensive literature review, regarding the relationships between work experience variables and affective commitment. Research has indicated linkages between social network centrality and organizational commitment; however, the specific effects of centrality remain unclear. Therefore, this research developed and tested a moderation model to identify relationships between network centrality, affective commitment, and three work experience variables: psychological empowerment (PE), leader-member exchange (LMX), and perceived organizational support (POS). The moderation results suggest that network centrality significantly influences the relationship between PE and AC as well as POS and AC. While there was an indication that network centrality also influences the LMX - AC relationship, the results shown in this study were found to be insignificant.
Carbon Balance and Circadian Regulation of Hydrolytic and Phosphorolytic Breakdown of Transitory Starch1

Transitory starch is formed in chloroplasts during the day and broken down at night. Transitory starch degradation could be regulated by light, circadian rhythms, or carbon balance. To test the role of these potential regulators, starch breakdown rates and metabolites were measured in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. In continuous light, starch and maltose levels oscillated in a circadian manner. Under photorespiratory conditions, transitory starch breakdown occurred in the light faster than at night and glucose-6-P (G6P) was elevated. Nonaqueous fractionation showed that the increase in G6P occurred in the chloroplast. When Arabidopsis plants lacking the plastidic starch phosphorylase enzyme were placed under photorespiratory conditions, G6P levels remained constant, indicating that the increased chloroplastic G6P resulted from phosphorolytic starch degradation. Maltose was increased under photorespiratory conditions in both wild type and plants lacking starch phosphorylase, indicating that regulation of starch breakdown may occur at a point preceding the division of the hydrolytic and phosphorolytic pathways. When bean leaves were held in N2 to suppress photosynthesis and Suc synthesis without increasing photorespiration, starch breakdown did not occur and maltose and G6P levels remained constant. The redox status of the chloroplasts was found to be oxidized under conditions favoring starch degradation.
Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Cyclic Variation of Heart Rate

Background—Despite the adverse cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea, the majority of patients remain undiagnosed. To explore an efficient ECG-based screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea, we examined the usefulness of automated detection of cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR) in a large-scale controlled clinical setting. Methods and Results—We developed an algorithm of autocorrelated wave detection with adaptive threshold (ACAT). The algorithm was optimized with 63 sleep studies in a training cohort, and its performance was confirmed with 70 sleep studies of the Physionet Apnea-ECG database. We then applied the algorithm to ECGs extracted from all-night polysomnograms in 862 consecutive subjects referred for diagnostic sleep study. The number of CVHR per hour (the CVHR index) closely correlated (r=0.84) with the apnea-hypopnea index, although the absolute agreement with the apnea-hypopnea index was modest (the upper and lower limits of agreement, 21 per hour and −19 per hour) with periodic leg movement causing most of the disagreement (P<0.001). The CVHR index showed a good performance in identifying the patients with an apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 per hour (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.913; 83% sensitivity and 88% specificity, with the predetermined cutoff threshold of CVHR index ≥15 per hour). The classification performance was unaffected by older age (≥65 years) or cardiac autonomic dysfunction (SD of normal-to-normal R-R intervals over the entire length of recording <65 ms; area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.915 and 0.911, respectively). Conclusions—The automated detection of CVHR with the ACAT algorithm provides a powerful ECG-based screening tool for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, even in older subjects and in those with cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
The Impact of Community Based Adventure Therapy on Stress and Coping Skills in Adults.

Stress and coping skills are among the most essential components of the mental health counseling field. The use of coping skills (e.g., meditation, physical activities, appropriate uses of leisure) has been identified as an effective strategy for stress management. Adventure therapy has emerged as a modality that can positively augment other therapeutic approaches by improving coping skills and assisting clients in managing stress. As with all therapies, a positive working alliance has been found to be important toward achieving clinical outcomes. This study explored how adventure therapy enhanced learned coping strategies for stress and improved therapeutic alliance. Outcomes from this exploratory research highlighted the potential of adventure therapy to decrease stress, increase coping skills, and build therapeutic rapport with the therapist.
Matrix converter fed induction motor using a new modified direct torque control method

This paper describes a new control strategy to improve efficiency, robustness and dynamic response for the matrix converter fed induction motor with direct torque control method. Using the proposed method, besides the advantages of direct torque control method with matrix converter, the more advance of this proposed method as compared with the conventional direct torque control of matrix converter fed induction motor is the capability of reduction of both flux ripple and torque ripple within their boundaries. Numerical simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of this new proposed method.
Gender preferences for multimedia interfaces

This study examined the gender differences in the preferences to varying designs of multimedia learning interfaces. In the study it was assumed that design characteristics add to the interest in learning and a taxonomy of design of efficient user interfaces for both boys and girls was developed. The research included 90 children from three kindergarten classes who used interactive multimedia stories. The research subjects responded to questions which elicited their level of satisfaction with the various interfaces. The research findings indicate that there is a significant difference in the level of satisfaction between boys and girls depending on the design of the learning interfaces. This paper reports on the findings which were statistically significant.
FAMILY BURDEN AMONG LONG TERM PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

Subjective and objective burdens of the carers of schizophrenic and bipolar affective disorder patients were assessed. Burden was found to be higher among the carers of schizophrenic, young, male, low income and unemployed patients. This study shows a more comprehensive way of assessing family burden with due emphasis on positive mental health and coping resources of the carers.
A 4-Dimensional Markov Model for the Evaluation of Radio Access Technology Selection Strategies in Multiservice Scenarios

In order to support the conceptual development of common radio resource management (CRRM) algorithms, this paper provides an analytical approach to the performance evaluation of Radio Access Technology (RAT) selection procedures in a multi-RAT/multiservice environment. In particular, a 4-Dimensional (4D) Markovian model is devised so as to consider the allocation of voice and data services in a GERAN/UTRAN system. Through the analytical definition of well-established Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) we provide numerical results on the evaluation of a load balancing RAT allocation policy.
Iron overload in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Clinical and histological study

Background: Recently it has been found that iron is an important element in the natural history of hepatitis C. Serum markers of iron stores are frequently increased in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected carriers but the real impact of the hepatic iron overload is poorly understood. The purpose of the present paper was to determine the prevalence of iron overload and to study the relationship between hepatic iron concentration (HIC) and clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics in chronic HCV‐infected carriers.
Paediatric airway management: basic aspects

Paediatric airway management is a great challenge, especially for anaesthesiologists working in departments with a low number of paediatric surgical procedures. The paediatric airway is substantially different from the adult airway and obstruction leads to rapid desaturation in infants and small children. This paper aims at providing the non‐paediatric anaesthesiologist with a set of safe and simple principles for basic paediatric airway management. In contrast to adults, most children with difficult airways are recognised before induction of anaesthesia but problems may arise in all children. Airway obstruction can be avoided by paying close attention to the positioning of the head of the child and by keeping the mouth of the child open during mask ventilation. The use of oral and nasopharyngeal airways, laryngeal mask airways, and cuffed endotracheal tubes is discussed with special reference to the circumstances in infants. A slightly different technique during laryngoscopy is suggested. The treatment of airway oedema and laryngospasm is described.
Outcome after antenatal diagnosis of upper urinary tract dilatation by ultrasonography.

that might be life saving should be discarded without sufficient evidence of its neurotoxicity in children with ataxia telangiectasia. We would like, however, to make the following comments in reply. First, the appearances found on the computed tomogram in our patient are not seen in uncomplicated ataxia telangiectasia and resemble more closely those seen in methotrexate induced encephalopathy' rather than in radiation encephalopathy. Second, the neuropathological changes found in the brain biopsy were 'a variable degree of demyelination accompanied by a florid astrocytic reaction and spongiform change. Small fragments show total necrosis in the absence of a cellular reaction and there is considerable fibrin deposition accompanied by haemorrhage suggesting a subacute vasculopathy of some months standing'. The vasculopathy might well be a feature of radiation encephalopathy but the overall findings are more consistent with those found in methotrexate induced encephalopathy.2 As we said in our paper we also regarded the experience of Toledano and Lange3 as evidence that in ataxia telangiectasia intrathecal methotrexate treatment without cranial irradiation could be followed by neurological deterioration (case 5 in their review). The case report by Abadir and Hakami also suggests that there may be increased sensitivity to methotrexate in ataxia telangiectasia,4 and in fact Dr Pritchard and his colleagues acknowledged in the discussion following their reported case that there was evidence in the literature of an increased neurotoxicity from intrathecal methotrexate in ataxia telangiectasia.5 Dr Pritchard requests further details about the gaps in chemotherapy. In the first year treatment was withheld for 14 weeks and in the second for five weeks. The doses of chemotherapy, however, were decreased in the second year to allow more continuous treatment and thus in the first year the total dose of mercaptopurine was 8680 mg and of methrexate was 365 mg and in the second year the total doses were 8540 mg and 395 mg respectively. It is unlikely that radiation induced damage to the negligible amount of bone marrow in the craniocervical area was the cause of our patient's intolerance to chemotherapy. It is clearly very important that any available experience with chemotherapy in children with ataxia telangiectasia should be carefully recorded in the literature as soon as possible. I am sure we all agree that specific recommendations for the treatment of children with ataxia telangiectasia and a malignancy are needed urgently. These perhaps would be best devised and publicised by the UKCCSG. Finally we would like to reiterate our main point that preexisting motor handicap, even if it is mild and apparently non-progressive, in a child with a malignancy should ring alarm bells about possible ataxia telangiectasia.
Novel mutations in ubiquitin-specific protease 26 gene might cause spermatogenesis impairment and male infertility.

AIM To study the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) gene and its involvement in idiopathic male infertility in China. METHODS Routine semen analysis was performed. Infertility factors such as immunological, infectious and biochemical disorders were examined to select patients with idiopathic infertility. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of the selected patients and control population, which were examined for mutations using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Furthermore, nucleotide sequences were sequenced in some patients and controls. RESULTS Of 41 infertile men, 9 (22.0%, P = 0.01) had changes in USP26 gene on the X chromosome. A compound mutation (364insACA; 460G right triple arrow A) was detected in 8 patients (19.5%, P = 0.01) and a 1044T right triple arrow A substitution was found in 1 patient (2.4%, P > 0.05). All three variations led to changes in the coding amino acids. Two substitutions predict some changes: 460G right triple arrow A changes a valine into an isoleucine, and 1044T right triple arrow A substitutes a leucine for a phenylalanine. Another insertion of three nucleotides ACA causes an insertion of threonine. No other changes were found in the remaining patients and fertile controls. CONCLUSION The USP26 gene might be of importance in male reproduction. Mutations in this gene might be associated with male infertility, and might negatively affect testicular function. Further research on this issue is in progress.
Does Setting Affect Achievement Of Students With Disabilities: Comparing Co-teaching To Resource

Sarah Mote. DOES SETTING AFFECT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT: COMPARING CO-TEACHING TO RESOURCE. (Under the direction of Dr. Connie McDonald). School of Education, December, 2010). This causal comparative study compared reading achievement of middle school students with disabilities (SWD) who were served in the resource class with the reading achievement of middle school SWD who were served in the co-teaching class. Reading achievement of SWD in grades six through eight was statistically analyzed to measure gains made by both groups of students. The learning outcomes were compared using reading assessment scores from the Georgia Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (CRCT) and student Lexile levels. The participants were 157 sixth through eighth grade SWD. The findings suggest that SWD may benefit equally from either instructional setting. Students from each setting made similar gains in reading achievement on the CRCT and in Lexile levels. Keywords, co-teaching, middle school, reading instruction, resource, special education, achievement
Distribution of glutamine and glutamic acid in animal tissues.

It is generally accepted that glutamine and glutamic acid, apart from serving as structural units in proteins and peptides, play a special role in the metabolism ofanimals, plants and micro-organisms. A few specific functions have already come to light (see the reviews of Archibald, 1945, 1947), but it is probably correct to say that the chief functions are still unknown. It was thought that a survey of the occurrence of glutamine and glutamic acid in biological material might assist in elucidating the part played by the two substances in metabolism, and the two substances were, therefore, determined in a number of animal tissues. Surveys of the distribution of glutamine have been made by previous workers (Ferdman, Frenkel & Silakova, 1942; Hamilton, 1945), but data on the glutamic acid content of tissues are scanty because, until recently, no specific and convenient methods applicable to small quantities of material were available.