Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Relationship Between Media Multitasking and Processes Involved in Task-Switching

Although multitasking with media has increased dramatically in recent years (Rideout, Foehr, & Roberts, 2010), the association between media multitasking and cognitive performance is poorly understood. In addition, the literature on the relationship between media multitasking and task-switching, one measure of cognitive control, has produced mixed results (Alzahabi & Becker, 2013; Minear et al., 2013; Ophir, Nass, & Wagner, 2009). Here we use an individual differences approach to investigate the relationship between media multitasking and task-switching performance by first examining the structure of task-switching and identifying the latent factors that contribute to switch costs. Participants performed a series of 3 different task-switching paradigms, each designed to isolate the effects of a specific putative mechanism (e.g., advanced preparation) related to task-switching performance, as well as a series of surveys to measure media multitasking and intelligence. The results suggest that task-switching performance is related to 2 somewhat independent factors, namely an advanced preparation factor and passive decay factor. In addition, multitasking with media was related to a faster ability to prepare for tasks, resulting in faster task-switching performance without a cost to accuracy. Media multitasking and intelligence were both unrelated to passive decay factors. These findings are consistent with a 2-component model of task-switching (Sohn & Anderson, 2001), as well as an automatic/executive framework of cognitive control (Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977).
Effects of adrenaline on lactate, glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in the placebo controlled bilaterally perfused human leg

Aim: Adrenaline has widespread metabolic actions, including stimulation of lipolysis and induction of insulin resistance and hyperlactatemia. Systemic adrenaline administration, however, generates a very complex hormonal and metabolic scenario. No studies employing regional, placebo controlled and adrenaline infusion exist. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that local placebo controlled leg perfusion with adrenaline directly increases local lactate release, stimulates lipolysis, induces insulin resistance and leaves protein metabolism unaffected.
High-throughput sequence analysis of variants of human cytomegalovirus strains Towne and AD169

The genomes of commonly used variants of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains Towne and AD169 each contain a substantial mutation in which a region (UL/b′) at the right end of the long unique region has been replaced by an inverted duplication of a region from the left end of the genome. Using high-throughput technology, we have sequenced HCMV strain Towne (ATCC VR-977) and confirmed the presence of two variants, one exhibiting the replacement in UL/b′ and the other intact in this region. Both variants are mutated in genes RL13, UL1, UL40, UL130, US1 and US9. We have also sequenced a novel AD169 variant (varUC) that is intact in UL/b′ except for a small deletion that affects genes UL144, UL142, UL141 and UL140. Like other AD169 variants, varUC is mutated in genes RL5A, RL13, UL36 and UL131A. A subpopulation of varUC contains an additional deletion affecting genes IRS1, US1 and US2.
Segregation of a supernumerary del(15) marker chromosome in sperm

Supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMC) can be associated with both normal and abnormal phenotypes. In addition, SMC are found at higher frequency in males with infertility. We identified a SMC, characterized as a del(15)(q11.2) chromosome, in a phenotypically normal male. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we examined the segregation of the del(15) chromosome in sperm from this patient. Only 6.23% of sperm nuclei showed disomy using a chromosome 15 α‐satellite FISH probe, instead of the expected 50%. In addition, FISH analysis showed no increase for non‐disjunction of chromosome 18, excluding an interchromosomal effect for this chromosome. The significant decrease in sperm bearing the del(15) may be due to tissue‐specific mosaicism or a result of some form of selection against the del(15) during spermatogenesis. This finding provides a basis for the observation that SMC(15) are less likely to be inherited from a paternal carrier.
Krüppel target gene knockout participates in the proper innervation of a specific set of Drosophila larval muscles

Krüppel (Kr) encodes a zinc finger‐type transcription factor expressed in spatially and temporally restricted patterns during Drosophila embryogenesis. Molecular targets and the mechanism of Kr action have been studied extensively during the early segmentation process, but only little is known about Kr requirement during later development. We report the identification of a target gene of Kr, termed knockout (ko), isolated by virtue of Krüppel in vitro binding sites. Loss and gain of function experiments show that Kr activity maintains ko expression in a subset of muscles. ko encodes a novel protein expressed in several embryonic tissues including Kr‐expressing muscles. Movements of embryos deficient for ko activity are uncoordinated. Their muscle pattern is normal, but the patterns of neuromuscular innervation are specifically disarranged. The results suggest that the Kr target gene ko is required for proper innervation of specific muscles by RP motoneurons.
X-ray irradiation induced discharge of spherical void in epoxy resin

It is crucial for proper insulation design of cast resin transformer to consider voids and delamination which might exist in cast molding process and/or under long-term operation because of several surface boundaries between resin and conductor. Should such defects in the insulation system exist, it would lead to reduction of the life of the apparatus. In this report, we investigate the relation between the void size and apparent charge of partial discharge (PD) occurring in a model simulating the insulation system of cast resin transformer. It is also important to determine necessary PD detection sensitivity of PD test in a factory as well as in a field. In addition, we investigate X-ray irradiation induced discharge of spherical void in epoxy resin. Physical consideration of the effect of X-ray irradiation on void discharges in epoxy resin was also made. Time lag of void discharges in epoxy resin was also made with attenuation of X-ray irradiation dose considered.
Efficacy of endovascular treatment of meningiomas: evaluation with matched samples.

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety of presurgical devascularization of meningiomas. METHODS Matched samples of embolized and nonembolized groups of meningiomas were compared. The study variables for clinical efficacy were estimated blood loss, number of transfusions, surgical resection time, and length of hospitalization. The cost-effectiveness was evaluated by adjusting all hospital costs to 1991 dollar amounts, and adding additional embolization costs and fees to the hospital cost totals for the embolized group. A qualitative comparison of complications was made. RESULTS All dependent variables evaluating the clinical efficacy of the procedure (estimate blood loss, 533 cc versus 836 cc; number of transfusions, 0.39 units versus 1.56 units; surgical resection time, 305.8 minutes versus 337.5 minutes; and length of hospitalization, 10.6 days versus 15.0 days) displayed trends of higher means in the nonembolized group; however, only the estimated blood loss and number of transfusions variables were significant. The cost-effectiveness of the procedure was not statistically significant. The mean cost was $29,605 for the embolized group and $38,449 for the nonembolized group. There were three major and nine minor complications in the nonembolized group and zero major and six minor complications in the embolized group. There were four additional minor complications caused by the embolization procedure. CONCLUSION Endovascular devascularization of meningiomas is beneficial for large meningiomas because it diminishes the necessity of intraoperative transfusions and decreases blood loss. The additional day of hospitalization, emolization costs, and costs of complications do not conversely increase treatment costs. There were no major complications or adverse long-term effects caused by the embolization procedure.
An Eco-Friendly Means of Biosynthesis of Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles via Marine Polymer

A facile, environmental friendly green approach was introduced in this study, which superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NPs) have been satisfactorily synthesized. Seaweed <italic>Kappaphycus alvarezii</italic> (<italic>K. alvarezii</italic>) extract was employed in this synthesis process, which played a role as bio-stabilizer. The structure and morphology of the synthesized <italic>K. alvarezii</italic>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O <sub>4</sub>-NPs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope. The spherical shape of <italic>K. alvarezii</italic>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NPs with an average size of 19.4 nm showed high crystallinity and purity based on the characteristic XRD planes at (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), (440), and (533). The presence of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NPs was identified by Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of <italic>K. alvarezii</italic> /Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NPs were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer, which gave a result of 24.85 emu/g. The <italic>K. alvarezii</italic>/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NPs were very stable, where zeta potential value showed −53.57 mV.
Efficiency in understanding 1 Picking Up Speed in Understanding : Speech Processing Efficiency and Vocabulary Growth Across the Second Year

English-learning children (n=59) were observed longitudinally at 15, 18, 21, and 25 months in the “looking-while-listening” procedure as they looked at pictures while listening to speech naming one of the pictures. Analyses of the time course of eye movements revealed significant increases in the efficiency of children’s comprehension over this period. Parental-report data on productive vocabulary were gathered at 3-month intervals. Speed and accuracy in spoken word recognition at 25 months were correlated with numerous measures of lexical and grammatical development from 12 to 25 months. Analyses of nonlinear growth curves showed that children who were faster and more accurate in online comprehension at 25 months were those who had accelerated more rapidly in vocabulary growth across the second year. Efficiency in understanding
Comprehensive review on rhino-neurosurgery

In the past 2 decades, an innovative and active field of surgical collaboration has been evolved and established combining the expertise of neurosurgery and rhinosurgery in the endonasal treatment of different lesions affecting the anterior skull base together with the adjacent intranasal and intradural areas. Important prerequisites for this development were improvements of technical devices, definitions of transnasal surgical corridors, and approvements in endonasal reconstructions, e.g. by use of pedicled nasal mucosal flaps. Due to these improvements, the rate of perioperative infectious complications remained acceptable. Interdisciplinary surgical teams (4-hands-2-minds) have been established constituting specialized centers of “rhino-neurosurgery”. With growing expertise of these groups, it could be shown that oncological results and perioperative complications were comparable to traditional surgery while at the same time the patients’ morbidity could be reduced. The present review encompasses the recent literature focusing on the development, technical details, results, and complications of “rhino-neurosurgery”.
An Analysis of Relational Storage Strategies for Partially Structured XML

This paper presents a performance analysis of strategies for storing XML data sets in relational databases, focusing on XML datasets that are a combination of structured and semi-structured data. The analysis demonstrates advantages of a hybrid approach combining structure mapping and XML data type instances. However problems remain with current technology with regards to scaling of the approach for large data sets. Also, anomalous results are identified and a threshold at which the cost of data shredding out weighs the advantages of structure mapping.
Task-induced brain activity in aphasic stroke patients: what is driving recovery?

Based on the interpretation and reinterpretation of published functional neuroimaging and clinical neuropsychological data, Geranmayeh et al. argue that recovery from aphasic stroke may be due as much to the function of high-order, domain-general networks as to recovery of language-specific networks. This distinction has implications for rehabilitation.
Discussion on the Place of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of the Arthritic Joint

Dr. Leslie Hill (Royal UnitediandiRoyal National Hospitals, Bath): As a general physician with an mterest in rheumatic diseases, I can claim to have had no special experience of this subject. However, at the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in Bath, we are in process of an investigation with the object of assessing the value of deep X-ray treatment in certain of the rheumatic diseases. I should like at this point to express my thanks to Dr. Max Demarais, who is largely in charge of these investigations-under the aegis of the Nuffield Foundation-for his help in the preparation of this paper. It is hoped that when the follow-up period is completed sufficient information will be available to indicate the value of this treatment and the technique and dosage likely to produce the maximum beneficial effect. The investigation is not yet complete, but sufficient cases have been treated and followed up to permit a strong impression of the relative value of radiotherapy in three main groups of chronic joint disease; namely, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Tobacco exposure in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: parental behavior and knowledge. A study from the Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium

Aim: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high. Exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) is a known risk factor for CVD. Due to a recent report of high incidence of SHS in children with CKD, we sought to investigate via questionnaire the smoking behaviors of caregivers of children with CKD. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in which caregivers of children and adolescents with CKD were asked to complete a single anonymous self-administered survey. Results: Almost 40% of children and adolescents lived with one or more smokers. Over half of smokers smoked in the presence of their children and in the car. Smokers were significantly less aware of the detrimental effect of SHS exposure on the renal health of their children. Among smokers, almost 70% reported they had not been advised by their child’s nephrologist to quit tobacco use. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of SHS exposure among children and adolescents with CKD, which may contribute to CVD. Caregivers are not fully aware of the detrimental effects of SHS exposure on the renal health of their children.
Seminal plasma free amino acids and seminal and blood plasma proteins of the guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris).

Glutamic acid was the major free amino acid in guinea seminal plasma, representing 90.00% of the total amino acids. Threonine comprised 3.74%, aspartic acid 3.23%, and serine 1.50%. Others were detected at less than . 50% of the total free amino acids. Blood plasma protein concentration and SE were 2.68 +/- . 35 g/100 ml, and the proteins were fractionated by disc acrylamide electrophoresis into seven major bands: albumin, alpha-1, a dense beta fraction, and four postbeta, or gamma, proteins. Seminal plasma protein concentration and SE were . 45 +/- . 03 g/100 ml, and the proteins separated into nine fractions: albumin, alpha-1 and -2, beta-1, -2, and -3, and three postbeta, or gamma, bands.
W_{N+1}-constraints for singularities of type A_N

Using Picard--Lefschetz periods for the singularity of type $A_N$, we construct a projective representation of the Lie algebra of differential operators on the circle with central charge $h:=N+1$. We prove that the total descendant potential $\D_{A_N}$ of $A_N$-singularity is a highest weight vector. It is known that $\D_{A_N}$ can be interpreted as a generating function of a certain class of intersection numbers on the moduli space of $h$-spin curves. In this settings our constraints provide a complete set of recursion relations between the intersection numbers. Our methods are based entirely on the symplectic loop space formalism of A. Givental and therefore they can be applied to the mirror models of symplectic manifolds.
The effect of age on odor-stimulated functional MR imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of age, sex, and handedness on olfaction have not been adequately addressed with odor-stimulated functional MR imaging studies. We sought to determine the effect of age on functional MR imaging experiments performed with odor stimulation. METHODS Five right-handed subjects with a mean age of 73 years and five right-handed subjects with a mean age of 24 years underwent gradient-echo echo-planar functional MR imaging using binasal olfactory stimulation. Imaging parameters included 3000/30 (TR/TE) and a 5-mm section thickness in a 6-minute sequence with 30 seconds of pulsed odorants alternating with 30 seconds of room air. The data were normalized to a standard atlas, and individual and group statistical parametric maps (SPMs) were generated for each task. The SPMs were thresholded for a P < . 01, and the volumes of activation and distribution of cluster maxima were compared for the two groups. RESULTS Analysis of the group SPMs revealed activated voxels in the frontal lobes, perisylvian regions, and cingulate gyri, with greater volume in the younger group than in the older group. The right inferior frontal, right perisylvian, and right and left cingulum had the largest number of voxels activated. The most common sites of activation on individual maps in both groups were the right inferior frontal regions and the right and left superior frontal and perisylvian zones. CONCLUSION Given similar olfactory task paradigms, younger subjects showed a greater number of activated voxels than did older subjects. One must be cognizant of this effect when designing studies of odor-stimulated functional MR imaging.
Open Source Software Development

Abstract : This article examines and reviews what is known so far about free/open source software development (FOSSD). FOSSD is not the same as software engineering as that is portrayed in common textbooks. Instead, it is a complementary approach to address the many challenges that arise in the development of complex software systems that are often built outside of a traditional corporate software development environment. This article highlights some of the basic understandings for how FOSSD works based on empirical studies of FOSSD projects, processes, and work practices in different communities. This includes identification of different types of informal online artifacts that facilitate and constrain FOSSD projects. This article also identifies what different studies examine as well as the approaches used to sample and systematically study FOSSD. Next, opportunities for constructive crossover studies of software engineering and FOSSD help reveal new directions for further research study. Finally, the last section presents limitations and conclusions regarding studies of FOSSD.
Poly(butylene succinate)/twice functionalized organoclay nanocomposites: Preparation, characterization, and properties

A new method was attempted to improve the interaction between poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and a commercially available organoclay, Cloisite 25A (C25A), by the addition of epoxy groups to the clay. Epoxy groups were grafted to C25A by a treatment with (glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane to produce twice functionalized organoclay (TFC). Tethering PBS molecules to the epoxy groups on the surface of TFC was attempted through melt compounding. The morphological structure of the composites was analyzed with X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The higher degree of exfoliation of the silicate layers in PBS/TFC and the improved mechanical properties, in comparison with those of PBS/C25A, were attributed to the increased interfacial interaction between PBS and TFC. TFC accelerated the crystallization of PBS more effectively than C25A, and this indicated that TFC was more efficacious for the nucleation than C25A. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1727–1732, 2005
The effect of age, severity, and mechanism of injury on risk of death from major trauma in Western Australia

BACKGROUND We examined the association between age, mechanism of injury, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) on mortality in major trauma. METHODS We used 9 years of population-based linked major trauma (ISS >15) registry data for Western Australia (N = 4,411). These were categorized using the Sampalis classification of injury severity: survivable (ISS 16–24), probably survivable (ISS 25–49), and nonsurvivable (ISS 50+). Age was categorized as younger than 15 years, 15 to 64 years, and 65 years or older. Multivariable linear logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk of death. RESULTS Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) were most prominent for those younger than 65 years, and falls dominated the 65 years and older group. The median ISS for the three age groups were 20, 25, and 24, respectively (p = 0.001). The proportion of deaths in the three groups were 7.2%, 11.5%, and 30.1%, respectively (p = 0.0001). Falls were the most common cause of death. The inflexion point, above which the risk of death increases exponentially, was age 47 years. For the potentially survivable ISS 25 to 49 group, the inflexion point was age 25 years. After adjusting for age and ISS, falls had the greatest risk for death (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.18). A lower ISS had a disproportionate effect on the elderly. CONCLUSION The risk for major trauma death increases as age increases, with the inflexion point at age 47 years. Those younger than 15 years have a significantly lower ISS. The elderly have an increased risk for death following falls. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level II.
Parental solicitation, parental control, child disclosure, and substance use: native and immigrant Dutch adolescents

ABSTRACT Objectives. The present study examined whether the relation of parental solicitation, parental control, and child disclosure with adolescent alcohol and cannabis use is similar for native and non-Western immigrant Dutch adolescents. Design. Questionnaire data from two study-samples were used with a combined sample of 705 adolescents (mean age 16.2 years; 47.2% female; 25.2% non-Western immigrant background). Results. Native Dutch adolescents reported more weekly alcohol use than immigrant adolescents, while rates of cannabis use by native and immigrant adolescents were similar. Immigrant females reported lower levels of parental solicitation and child disclosure, but higher levels of parental control than native females. There were no differences in the sources of parental knowledge between native and immigrant males. Regression analyses showed no significant interaction effects of parental solicitation, parental control, or child disclosure with ethnic background for both alcohol and cannabis use (all p values > .05). Conclusion. Despite mean level differences in various factors, we did not find evidence of an interaction effect of the sources of parental knowledge with ethnic background on alcohol and cannabis use. This suggests that theories and prevention strategies focusing on these sources of parental knowledge in relation to substance use can be applicable to both native and immigrant Dutch adolescents.