Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTAGONISTS FOR TILETAMINE-ZOLAZEPAM/XYLAZINE IMMOBILIZATION IN FEMALE WHITE-TAILED DEER

A combination of tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine (TZ/X) is effective in the chemical immobilization of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus); however, the lengthy duration of immobilization may limit its usefulness. From October to November 2002, 21 captive female deer were assigned randomly to an α2 antagonist treatment to reverse xylazine-induced sedation (seven does per group). All deer were given 220 mg of TZ (4.5±0.4 mg/kg) and 110 mg of X (2.2±0.2 mg/kg) intramuscularly (IM). Antagonist treatments were either 200 mg of tolazoline (4.0±0.4 mg/kg), 11 mg of atipamezole (0.23±0.02 mg/kg), or 15 mg of yohimbine (0.30±0.02 mg/kg) injected, half intravenously and half subcutaneously, 45 min after the IM TZ/X injection. In addition, 10 other deer (five per group) were immobilized as before and then given tolazoline (200 mg) after 45 min, with either a carrier (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]) or carrier (DMSO) plus flumazenil (5 mg) to reverse the zolazepam portion of TZ. Mean times from antagonist injection until a deer raised its head were different for α2 antagonist treatments (P = 0.02). Times were longer for yohimbine (62.3±42.7 min) than for either atipamezole (24.3±17.1 min) or tolazoline (21.3±14.3 min). Mean times from antagonist injection until standing were not different (P=0.15) among yohimbine (112.0±56.4 min), atipamezole (89.7±62.8 min), or tolazoline (52.6±37.2 min). A sedation score based on behavioral criteria was assigned to each deer every 30 min for 5 hr. On the basis of sedation scores, tolazoline resulted in a faster and more complete reversal of immobilization. Flumazenil treatment did not affect recovery.
Effects of presenting the baseline risk when communicating absolute and relative risk reductions

This study compares relative and absolute forms of presenting risk information about influenza and the need for vaccination. It investigates whether differences in people's risk estimates and their evaluations of risk information, as a result of the different presentation formats, are still apparent when they are provided with information about the baseline level of risk. The results showed that, in the absence of baseline information, the relative risk format resulted in higher ratings of satisfaction, perceived effectiveness of vaccination, and likelihood of being vaccinated. However, these differences were not apparent when baseline information was presented. Overall, provision of baseline information resulted in more accurate risk estimates and more positive evaluations of the risk messages. It is recommended that, in order to facilitate shared and fully informed decision making, information about baseline level of risk should be included in all health communications specifying risk reductions, irrespective of the particular format adopted.
On the Road to 5G: Comparative Study of Physical Layer in MTC Context

During the past few years, we are witnessing the emergence of 5G and its high-level performance targets. Waveform (WF) design is one of the important aspects for 5G that received considerable attention from the research community in recent years. To find an alternative to the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), several multicarrier approaches addressing different 5G technical challenges, have been proposed. In this paper, we focus on critical machine-type communications (C-MTC), which is one of the key features of the foreseen 5G system. We provide a comparative performance study of the most promising multicarrier WFs. We consider several C-MTC key performance indicators: out-of-band radiations, spectral efficiency, end-to-end physical layer latency, robustness to time and frequency synchronization errors, power fluctuation, and transceiver complexity. The investigated multicarrier WFs are classified into three groups based on their ability to keep the orthogonality: in the complex domain, e.g., most of the OFDM-inspired WFs, in the real domain like offset-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-based techniques, and non-orthogonal WFs like generalized frequency division multiplexing and filter bank-based multicarrier-QAM. Finally, the performances of these WFs are thoroughly discussed in order to highlight their pros and cons and permit a better understanding of their capabilities in the context of C-MTC.
Coordinated Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes Confers Varied Phenotypic and Spatial-Temporal Anthocyanin Accumulation in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Anthocyanins are natural pigments that have important functions in plant growth and development. Radish taproots are rich in anthocyanins which confer different taproot colors and are potentially beneficial to human health. The crop differentially accumulates anthocyanin during various stages of growth, yet molecular mechanisms underlying this differential anthocyanin accumulation remains unknown. In the present study, transcriptome analysis was used to concisely identify putative genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish. Spatial-temporal transcript expressions were then profiled in four color variant radish cultivars. From the total transcript sequences obtained through illumina sequencing, 102 assembled unigenes, and 20 candidate genes were identified to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Fifteen genomic sequences were isolated and sequenced from radish taproot. The length of these sequences was between 900 and 1,579 bp, and the unigene coverage to all of the corresponding cloned sequences was more than 93%. Gene structure analysis revealed that RsF3′H is intronless and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (ABGs) bear asymmetrical exons, except RsSAM. Anthocyanin accumulation showed a gradual increase in the leaf of the red radish and the taproot of colored cultivars during development, with a rapid increase at 30 days after sowing (DAS), and the highest content at maturity. Spatial-temporal transcriptional analysis of 14 genes revealed detectable expressions of 12 ABGs in various tissues at different growth levels. The investigation of anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression in four color variant radish cultivars, at different stages of development, indicated that total anthocyanin correlated with transcript levels of ABGs, particularly RsUFGT, RsF3H, RsANS, RsCHS3 and RsF3′H1. Our results suggest that these candidate genes play key roles in phenotypic and spatial-temporal anthocyanin accumulation in radish through coordinated regulation and the major control point in anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish is RsUFGT. The present findings lend invaluable insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis and may facilitate genetic manipulation for enhanced anthocyanin content in radish.
Social context and self-assessments of health among the elderly.

Self-assessments of health made by randomly selected mentally capable older persons in the community (N = 937) and in institutions (N = 61) were compared with objective measures of their health (number of problems, different medicines used, number of diagnosed illnesses). Self-assessment was found to be related to these objective health measures among community residents but not among those in institutions. Among community residents, but not among those in institutions, there were also sex-related differences, women having a poorer objectively assessed health status for a given self-assessment of health than men. These findings extend those of others which indicate that health self-assessments reflect actual health status (and so are useful in surveys), by showing that the accuracy of the information obtained can be enhanced when the sex of the respondent is taken into account.
Queer Netherlands: A puzzling example

Ever since the ‘sexual revolution’ of the 1960s, the Netherlands has been at the forefront of championing erotic freedoms. Amsterdam became internationally renowned as a city of sex, drugs and rock & roll – the gay and sex capital of the world, wide open to the celebration of erotic pleasures. The change for the Netherlands was dramatic: from a society ruled by Christian political parties and a conservative morality to a nation where sex could be enjoyed by locals and foreigners alike. The sexual revolution had far-reaching effects on Dutch society. While surveys show that most Dutch until the late 1960s were opposed to homosexuality, prostitution, pornography, abortion, divorce and preand extramarital sex, the majority a decade later claimed to accept such behavior. Stimulated by the NVSH (Dutch Society for Sexual Reform) and the COC (Center for Recreation and Culture, a code name for what would be baptized in 1971 the ‘Dutch Society for Integration of Homosexuality’), as well as by numerous social changes, the Dutch in the 1970s emerged as the most liberal nation in the world on issues of sexual morality (see Hekma and Duyvendak, 2011). This gave the Netherlands, and especially the city of Amsterdam, a worldwide reputation as a place of sexual freedom. Amsterdam became a magnet for foreign tourists, particularly its Red Light District and its gay scene. Sexual emancipation was a watershed for women and even more so for gay men – they were no longer seen as sinners, criminals or psychopaths. This narrative of sexual liberation continued with twists and turns until 2001, when the Netherlands reached the pinnacle of its erotic freedoms with the legalization of prostitution in 2000 and the opening of marriage to same-sex couples in 2001 (being in both cases the first country to do so). In the eyes of the law, homosexuality and heterosexuality were now nearly equal, though legal equality did not mean social equality. While gay and straight alike saw these legal victories as the end of a long struggle for equal rights, the media began to report on regular incidents of queer bashing, gay and lesbian teachers and students remaining closeted in schools, and LGTB people being chased out of their homes. Social problems
Thermal epiphysiodesis performed with radio frequency in a porcine model

Background and purpose — Current techniques for epiphysiodesis involve opening of cortical windows; use of staples, screws, and tension devices; and fusion with curettes or drills. Complications may have serious consequences. There is a need for a more reliable, precise, and less traumatic procedure that overcomes the known complications from existing techniques. We analyzed a new epiphysiodesis technique using radio-frequency ablation (RFA) in a porcine model. Methods — Six 35-kg and two 25-kg immature pigs were used. 1 hind leg of each animal was randomly selected and the proximal tibia growth plate was ablated laterally and medially. The contralateral leg was used as a control. MR images were obtained immediately after the ablation and 12 weeks later for 6 animals, and 24 weeks later for the other 2 animals. CT was done for the 2 animals that were followed for 24 weeks for proof of bone bridges. Results — Both tibias were equal in length initially. At the 12-week follow-up, there was an average leg length discrepancy of 3.9 mm (95% CI: 3.0–4.8), and at 24 weeks the difference was 8.4 mm and 7.5 mm. No damage to the adjacent tissue was found. Bone bridges and physeal closure were found after 24 weeks. The pigs showed no discomfort after the intervention. Interpretation — We found RFA to be feasible for epiphysiodesis in a pig model. The method is minimally invasive and recovery may be quick compared to conventional methods. We recommend that the method should be tested in larger-scale safety studies before clinical application.
Motivation for Watching Television Violence and Viewer Aggression

We examined whether motivation for watching television violence explains viewer aggression and considered the contribution of individual viewer differences, including locus of control, experience with crime, exposure to television violence, perceived realism, and viewer involvement. Several viewing motives and individual differences predicted aggression. Where exposure to television violence was a significant predictor of aggression, experience with crime, locus of control, or motivation were stronger predictors. Path analysis revealed direct and indirect links between audience predictors and aggression outcomes. Results were consistent with uses and gratifications assumptions that individual characteristics and expectations mediate the impact of exposure. Individual characteristics predicted aggressive attitudes, often independent of motivation, contextual factors or attitudes, and exposure. There was no conclusive direct link between exposure and aggression. Because motivation for watching television violence differentially affected aggression, research that neglects to consider viewer motivation and other audience characteristics when drawing conclusions about the effects of violence on aggression is called into question.
Lifestyle Movements: Exploring the Intersection of Lifestyle and Social Movements

While the contentious politics (CP) model has come to dominate the field of social movements, scholars note the paradigm's shortcomings, especially its narrow focus on movement organizations, public protest, and political action. The conceptual wall between lifestyles and social movements has created a theoretical blind spot at the intersection of private action and movement participation, personal and social change, and personal and collective identity. We suggest that lifestyle movements (LMs) consciously and actively promote a lifestyle, or way of life, as a primary means to foster social change. Drawing upon our observations of a variety of LMs, we discuss three defining aspects of LMs: lifestyle choices as tactics of social change, the central role of personal identity work, and the diffuse structure of LMs. We also explore the links between LMs and social movements, CP, and conventional politics. Finally, we demonstrate that LM, as a new conceptual category, is applicable across a range of movement activities.
POMC gene-derived peptides activate melanocortin type 3 receptor on murine macrophages, suppress cytokine release, and inhibit neutrophil migration in acute experimental inflammation.

To investigate the relevance of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) therapy in human gouty arthritis, we have tested the effect of several ACTH-related peptides in a murine model of experimental gout. Systemic treatment of mice with ACTH4-10 (MEHFRWG) (10-200 microgram s. c.) inhibited neutrophil accumulation without altering peripheral blood cell counts or circulating corticosterone levels. A similar effect was seen with alpha- and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormones (1-30 microgram s.c.). In vivo release of the chemokine KC-(detected in the lavage fluids before maximal influx of neutrophils) was significantly reduced (-50 to -60%) by ACTH4-10. Macrophage activation in vitro, determined as phagocytosis and KC release, was inhibited by ACTH and ACTH4-10 with approximate IC50 values of 30 nM and 100 microM, respectively. The melanocortin receptor type 3/4 antagonist SHU9119 prevented the inhibitory actions of ACTH4-10 both in vitro and in vivo. However, melanocortin type 3, but not type 4, receptor mRNA was detected in mouse peritoneal macrophages by RT-PCR. Therefore, we propose that activation of this receptor type by ACTH4-10 and related amino acid sequences attenuates KC release (and possibly production of other cytokines) from macrophages with consequent inhibition of the host inflammatory response, thus providing a notional anti-inflammatory mechanism for ACTH that is unrelated to stimulation of glucocorticoid release.
ELF: The Electron Localization Function

The chemical bond is always considered from different points of view, depending or on the chemical and physical aspects to be examined. In both cases, description of the chemical bond are chosen that are appropriate for the particular research or application. Therefore, there are significant differences in the understanding as what constitutes chemical bonding. This is acceptable in practice but proves to be a hindrance for true interdisciplinarity. The concept of the chemical bond offer a firm basis upon which to forge links not only within chemistry but also to all related sciences. The general desire and the growing necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration requires a careful treatment of these concepts and, if possible, a tightening and standardization to a level that is widely acceptable and beneficial. In the age of tremendously fast development of computers and computer science, we believe that the electron localization function (ELF) provides a new description of the chemical bond for almost all classes of compounds. Its graphical language earns it the ultimate qualification for enhanced interdisciplinarity.
Entrepreneurship education and start‐up activity: a gender perspective

Purpose – This article seeks to evaluate whether entrepreneurship education (EE) in upper secondary schools promotes male and female start‐up activity. The Company programme (CP) reaches more than 200,000 European youths annually.Design/methodology/approach – The control‐group design is methodologically strong, and the empirical data are from Norway. Telephone interviews were conducted with 1,171 24‐25 year olds; 50 per cent of the respondents had been involved in CP in the period 2004‐2006, and 50 per cent had not. The analyses also control for other factors of relevance to start‐up activity.Findings – Results from econometric analyses indicate a positive correlation between participation in CP and start‐up activity. The analyses also indicate that CP has more impact on male start‐up activity as compared to women.Research limitations/implications – A lot of other influences occur between the participation in CP and the start‐up activity. Although CP may be associated with more start‐ups, these are not ne.
Germ cell loss in the XXY male mouse: Altered X‐chromosome dosage affects prenatal development

Male mammals with two X chromosomes are sterile due to the demise of virtually all germ cells; however, the underlying reasons for the germ cell loss remain unclear. The use of a breeding scheme for the production of XXY male mice has allowed us to experimentally address the question of when and why germ cells die in the XXY testis and whether the defect is due to the presence of an additional X chromosome in the soma, the germ cells themselves, or both. Our studies demonstrate that altered X‐chromosome dosage acts to impair germ cell development in the testis at a much earlier stage than suggested by previous studies of XX sex‐reversed males or XX/XY chimeras. Specifically, we noted significantly reduced germ cell numbers in the XXY testis during the period of germ cell proliferation in the early stages of testis differentiation. Although the somatic development of the XXY testis is morphologically and temporally normal, our studies indicate that germ cell demise reflects a defect in somatic/germ cell communication, since, in an in vitro system, the proliferative potential of fetal germ cells from XXY males is indistinguishable from that of normal males. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 49:101–111, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrated Bidding and Operating Strategies for Wind-Storage Systems

Due to their flexible charging and discharging capabilities, energy storage systems (ESS) are considered a promising complement to wind farms (WFs) participating in electricity markets. This paper presents integrated day-ahead bidding and real-time operation strategies for a wind-storage system to perform arbitrage and to alleviate wind power deviations from day-ahead contracts. The strategy is developed with two-price balancing markets in mind. A mixed integer nonlinear optimization formulation is built to determine optimal offers by taking into account expected wind power forecasting errors and the power balancing capability of the ESS. A modified gradient descent algorithm is designed to solve this nonlinear problem. A number of case studies validate the computational efficiency and optimality of the algorithm. Compared to the existing strategies, the proposed strategies yield increased economic profit, regardless of the temporal dependence of wind power forecasting errors.
Does Future-Oriented Thinking Predict Adolescent Decision Making?

ABSTRACT A number of theorists, as well as plain common sense, suggest that future-oriented thinking (FOT) should be involved in decision making; therefore, the development of FOT should be related to better quality decision making. FOT and quality of the decision making were measured in adolescents as well as adults in 2 different experiments. Though the results of the first experiment revealed an increase in quality of decision making across adolescence into adulthood, there was no relationship between FOT and decision making. In the second experiment, FOT predicted performance on a more deliberative decision-making task independent of age, but not performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Performance on the IGT was instead related to emotion regulation. The study's findings suggest that FOT can be related to reflective decision making but not necessarily decision making that is more intuitive.
Development of QSAR-based two-stage prediction model for estimating mixture toxicity

Conventionally, concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models based on additive toxicity are often used to estimate the mixture toxicity of similarly- and dissimilarly-acting chemicals, respectively. A two-stage prediction (TSP) model has been developed as an integrated addition model that can perform the CA and IA calculations stage by stage. However, the use of the conventional TSP model is limited if the mode of toxic action (MoA) for every mixture component is not readily known. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a quantitative structure–activity relationship-based TSP (QSAR-TSP) model for estimating mixture toxicity in the absence of knowledge on the MoAs of the constituents. For this purpose, different clustering methods of mixture constituents using computerized analysis based on the structural similarity between chemicals were applied as a part of the predictions of mixture toxicity. The relative importance of molecular descriptors was additionally determined by Random Forest analysis. This study highlights the prediction power of the QSAR-TSP model and its potential to overcome the limitations of the conventional TSP model, and how clustering methods of mixture components that employ chemical structural information to categorize might be applied to predict mixture toxicity effectively.
Differential Effects of Number of Letters on Word and Nonword Naming Latency

The issue addressed in this study is whether there are differential effects of number of letters on word and nonword naming latency. Experiment 1 examined the effect of number of letters on latency for naming high-frequency words, low-frequency words, and nonwords. Number of letters affected latency for low-frequency words and nonwords but did not affect latency for high-frequency words. Number of letters was also negatively correlated with number of orthographic neighbours, number of friends, and average grapheme frequency. Number of letters continued to affect nonword naming latency, but not low-frequency word naming latency, after the effects of orthographic neighbourhood size, number of friends, and average grapheme frequency had been accounted for. Experiment 2 found that number of letters had no effect on the latency of delayed naming of the same words and nonwords. It is concluded that the effect of number of letters on nonword naming reflects a sequential, non-lexical reading mechanism.