Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The trace formula in invariant form

Introduction The trace formula for GL2 has yielded a number of deep results on automorphic forms. The same results ought to hold for general groups, but so far, little progress has been made. One of the reasons has been the lack of a suitable trace formula. In [l(d)] and [l(e)] we presented a formula or, as we wrote it in [l(e), $51, G is a reductive group defined over Q, and f is any function in C;(G(A)l). The left hand side of (I*) is the trace of the convolution operator off on the space of cusp forms on G(Q) \ G(A)'. It is a distribution which is of great importance in the study of automorphic representations. One would hope to study it through the distributions o E O} and { 1 ; : x E X \ X(G)}. Unfortunately, these distributions depend on a number of unpleasant things. There is the parameter T , as well as a choice of maximal compact subgroup of G(A)' and a choice of minimal parabolic subgroup. What is worse, they are not invariant; their values change when f is replaced by a conjugate of itself. In any generalization of the applications of the trace formula for GL2, we would not be handed the function f. We could only expect to be given a function such as +(f 1: 77-t r d f 1 7 whose values are invariant in f. Here TT ranges over the irreducible tempered representations of G(A)'. The decomposition of trRcusp(f) into the right hand side of (l*) would then be of uncertain value, for the individual terms actually depend on f and not just +(f). a 1981 by Princeton University (Mathematics Department) For copying information, see inside back cover. The purpose of this paper is to modify the terms in (1) so that they are invariant. Under certain assumptions on the local groups G(Q_), we will obtain a formula in which the individual terms are invariant distributions. The definitions will be such that I = 1: if x belongs to X(G). We will therefore also have the analogue of (I*). The main assumptions on the local groups G (Q) are set forth in Section 5. One expects them to hold for all groups, but they are a little beyond the present state of harmonic analysis. They are, essentially, that any invariant distribution, I, on G(A)' can be identified with a …
The Conditioning of Boundary Element Equations on Locally Refined Meshes and Preconditioning by Diagonal Scaling

Consider a boundary integral operator on a bounded,d-dimensional surface in $\mbox{\smallBbb R}^{d+1}$. Suppose that the operator is a pseudodifferential operator of order $2m,$ $m\in\mbox{\smallBbb R},$ and that the associated bilinear form is symmetric and positive-definite. (The surface may be open or closed, and m may be positive or negative.) Let B denote the stiffness matrix arising from a Galerkin boundary element method with standard nodal basis functions. If local mesh refinement is used, then the partition may contain elements of very widely differing sizes, and consequently B may be very badly conditioned. In fact, if the elements are nondegenerate and 2|m|< d, then the $\ell_2$ condition number of B satisfies {\rm cond}({\mbox {\bf {\em B}}})\leq C N^{2|m|/d} \left(\frac{h_{\rm max}}{h_{\rm min}}\right)^{d-2m}, where hmax and h min are the sizes of the largest and smallest elements in the partition, and N is the number of degrees of freedom. However, if B is preconditioned using a simple diagonal scaling, then the condition number is reduced to ${\cal O}(N^{2|m|/d})$. That is, diagonal scaling restores the condition number of the linear system to the same order of growth as that for a uniform partition. The growth in the critical case 2|m|=d is worse by only a logarithmic factor.
Pricing for Uplink Power Control in Cognitive Radio Networks

We study the pricing issue in a competitive cognitive radio network in which the secondary users strategically adjust their uplink transmission power levels to maximize their own utilities, and the primary service provider (e.g., base station) charges the secondary users on their transmitted power levels to enhance its own revenue. We model the competitive behavior of the secondary users as a non-cooperative game and address the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium (NE). Based on the unique equilibrium, we formulate the pricing problem for the primary service provider as a non-convex optimization problem. We propose a sub-optimal pricing scheme in terms of revenue maximization of the primary service provider, and we claim that this scheme is not only fair in terms of power allocation among secondary users but that it is also efficient. We perform extensive numerical studies to verify the sub-optimality, fairness, and efficiency of the proposed pricing scheme and investigate the impacts of system parameters on the performance of the proposed pricing scheme.
Effect of Charitable Behavior on Life Satisfaction: a Parallel Multivariable Mediation Model

We aimed to determine how charitable behavior affects life satisfaction through the multiple mediating roles of self-acceptance and positive affect. We recruited 4,048 adults in China who voluntarily completed a survey on the frequency of their charitable behavior, self-acceptance, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Results of a parallel multivariable mediation analysis showed that more frequent charitable behavior was positively associated with greater life satisfaction. Also, self-acceptance and positive affect mediated the relationship between charitable behavior and life satisfaction. Implications for the mediating effect of charitable behavior on life satisfaction are discussed.
Optimal Fiscal Policy over the Business Cycle

This paper studies optimal fiscal policy in a standard business cycle model with two departures: (i) government infrastructures, which constitute a fiscal policy instrument, are an input into production which firms do not control; (ii) we assume that investment in new capital becomes productive in the same period in which it is produced. Under a widely used class of utility functions, we show that in bad times the government should: (i) lower the tax rate on labor income, (ii) lower the tax rate on capital income; and (iii) increase spending (or investment) in infrastructures. Quantitatively, following a one-standard deviation negative productivity shock, the tax break amounts to 0.45% of GDP and government spending increases by 0.62% of GDP. When the fiscal authority is restricted to trade non state contingent bonds, the expansionary fiscal policy that follows a recession is financed by a permanent increase in government debt. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E32; E62
Welfare Maximizing Fiscal and Monetary Policy Rules

This paper studies the welfare effects of monetary and fiscal policy rules, in a dynamic general equilibrium model with sticky prices. The model features capital accumulation and endogenous labor effort, and exogenous productivity shocks. Government purchases are valued positively by the private sector. These purchases are financed using a proportional income tax. The government issues nominal one-period bonds. Monetary policy is described by an interest rate rule; fiscal policy is described by rules according to which the income tax rate and government purchases are set as functions of GDP. Sims' (2000) quadratic approximation method is used to solve the model, and to compute household welfare. The paper determines the response coefficients of the policy rules that maximize household welfare. Optimized monetary policy has a strong anti-inflation stance; optimized fiscal policy implies that the income tax rate is countercyclical, and that government purchases are procyclical; this result does not hinge on the degree of price stickiness.
Vector seeker: a tool for finding vector potential

The importance of vector instructions is growing in modern computers. Almost all architectures include some form of vector instructions and the tendency is for the size of the instructions to grow with newer designs. To take advantage of the performance that these systems offer, it is imperative that programs use these instructions, and yet they do not always do so. The tools to take advantage of these extensions require programmer assistance either by hand coding or providing hints to the compiler. We present Vector Seeker, a tool to help investigate vector parallelism in existing codes. Vector Seeker runs with the execution of a program to optimistically measure the vector parallelism that is present. Besides describing Vector Seeker, the paper also evaluates its effectiveness using two applications from Petascale Application Collaboration Teams (PACT) and eight applications from Media Bench II. These results are compared to known results from manual vectorization studies. Finally, we use the tool to automatically analyze codes from Numerical Recipes and TSVC and then compare the results with the automatic vectorization algorithms of Intel's ICC.
Effects of Immunomodulatory Substances on Phagocytosis of Aβ 1–42 by Human Microglia

Glial activation and increased inflammation characterize neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim was to develop a model for studying phagocytosis of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide by human microglia and to test effects thereupon by immunomodulatory substances. Human CHME3 microglia showed intracellular Aβ 1–42 colocalized with lysosome-associated membrane protein-2, indicating phagocytosis. This was increased by interferon-γ, and to a lesser degree with Protollin, a proteosome-based adjuvant. Secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was decreased by Aβ 1–42 and by interferon-γ and interleukin-1β. These cytokines, but not Aβ 1–42, stimulated interleukin-6 release. Microglia which phagocytosed Aβ 1–42 exhibited a higher degree of expression of interleukin-1 receptor type I and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, we show that human microglia are able to phagocytose Aβ 1–42 and that this is associated with expression of inflammatory markers. Aβ 1–42 and interferon-γ decreased BDNF secretion suggesting a new neuropathological role for Aβ 1–42 and the inflammation accompanying AD.
International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 2010 CHOOSING IT AS A CAREER : EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY AND PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF IT SKILLS

Understanding the factors which shape students’ IT career choices will allow educators to design recruitment and retention strategies to tackle the enrolment challenges. The objective of this research-in-progress is to explore the effects of two such factors, i.e., IT skills Self-efficacy (SE) and IT Skills Importance, on students’ attraction to IT careers. A survey methodology was used to achieve the aforementioned objective. Undergraduate students enrolled in IT courses at two large U.S. public universities were surveyed. This study makes a contribution to the field of IT education in multiple ways. First it develops scales for two beliefs which are crucial in capturing students’ attraction to IT careers. Second, it provides insights into students’ perceptions regarding the importance of various IT skills. Third, it posits a preliminary model which helps in our understanding of how students’ personal perceptions regarding the importance of IT skills affect SE beliefs and career intentions.
"How Did They Get My Name?": An Exploratory Investigation of Consumer Attitudes Toward Secondary Information Use

Strategic uses of information technology based on personal information may raise privacy concerns among consumers if these applications do not reflect a common set of values. This study addresses what differentiates consumers who object to certain uses of personal information from those who do not object. Data collected by questionnaire from young consumers are used to identify a research approach for investigating attitudes toward the secondary use of personal information for direct marketing. Secondary information use occurs when personal information collected for one purpose is subsequently used for a different purpose. While secondary information use is both widespread and legal, it may be viewed as an invasion of privacy when it occurs without the knowledge or consent of the consumer. The setting for the study is the use of point-of-sale data from a supermarket frequent shopper program to generate direct mail solicitations. Control emerges as a clear theme in differentiating individuals with positive overall attitudes toward secondary information use from those with negative attitudes. Study participants with positive attitudes are less concerned about privacy (measured as control over personal information), perceive shopping by mail as beneficial, and have coping strategies for dealing with unwanted mail. The results also suggest that theory related to categorization of strategic issues as positive-negative with outcomes that are controllable/uncontrollable provides a basis for understanding differences in the ways individuals perceive practices involving personal information. Future research should focus on the specific characteristics of secondary use practices, including the sensitivity of the information, its source, its perceived relevance to the original transaction, and whether disclosure reflects informed consent or results in a potentially harmful outcome to the individual
The Role of Relationship Marketing in Customer Orientation Process in the Banking Industry with focus on Loyalty (Case Study: Banking Industry of Iran)

Recently, more than ever before, strong competition, fragmentation of markets, short life cycles of products and increasing customer awareness and complexity, caused companies to use relationship marketing strategy to create, maintain, and enhance strong relationships with their customers to secure their loyalty. This article aimed to empirically investigate the impact of relationship marketing underpinnings (namely trust, commitment, communication, conflict handling, bonding, shared values, empathy, and reciprocity) on customer loyalty in the banking industry. A survey was conducted, collecting data through a questionnaire containing 34 items that was completed by 384 randomly selected bank customers and multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis. The results revealed that the all underpinnings of relationship marketing were directly associated with customer loyalty and they had a significant effect on it. Therefore it is reasonable to conclude that customer loyalty can be created, reinforced and retained by marketing plans aimed at building trust, demonstrating commitment to service, communicating with customers in a timely, reliable and proactive fashion, handling conflict efficiently, paying attention to shared values, improving the empathetic and reciprocal abilities of the salespeople, and developing strong bonds between buyers and sellers.
Effect of primary-care spirometry on the diagnosis and management of COPD

Primary-care spirometry has been promoted as a method of facilitating accurate diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study examined whether improving rates of diagnosis lead to improvements in pharmacological and nonpharmacological management. From 1999 to 2003, the current authors provided an open-access spirometry and reversibility service to a local primary-care area, to which 1,508 subjects were referred. A total of 797 (53%) had pre-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (AFO). Of the subjects who underwent reversibility testing, 19.3% were no longer obstructed post-bronchodilator. The results and records of a subgroup of 235 subjects with post-bronchodilator AFO were examined. Of the 235 subjects, 130 received a new diagnosis, most commonly COPD. The patients with COPD were significantly undertreated before spirometry and testing led to a significant increase in the use of anticholinergics (37 versus 18%), long-acting β-agonists (25 versus 8%) and inhaled steroids (71 versus 52%). More than three quarters of smokers received smoking cessation advice but very few were referred for pulmonary rehabilitation. In conclusion, primary-care spirometry not only increases rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis, but it also leads to improvements in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment. The use of bronchodilator reversibility testing in this setting may be important to avoid misdiagnosis.
The comprehension of relative clauses by monolingual and bilingual speakers of Portuguese and English

The present study investigates the comprehension of Portugueseand English ambiguous relative sentences by native and L2 learners ofboth English and Portuguese. Our preliminary results in an offlinequestionnaire seem to indicate that Universal Grammar principles maynot be directly accessible to adult L2 learners as it is to child L1 learnersbecause L1 processing strategies may be influencing the comprehensionof L2 input. DOI: 10.28998/0103-6858.2001n28-29p29-41
Haemodynamics, exercise capacity and clinical events in pulmonary arterial hypertension

The purpose of this study was to clarify whether changes in cardiopulmonary haemodynamics induced by pharmacological therapy correlate with exercise capacity and clinical events in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. 16 randomised trials including 2353 patients, followed up for 16.4±10.6 weeks, measuring cardiopulmonary haemodynamics by right heart catheterisation and reporting clinical events were included. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed to assess the effects of treatments on clinical events and the relationship between haemodynamic changes (pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac index and right atrial pressure) and clinical events. Treatments significantly reduced all-cause death (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.7; p<0.01), hospitalisation for pulmonary arterial hypertension (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.7; p<0.01), initiation of rescue therapy (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.6; p<0.01) and the composite outcome (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.3–0.5; p<0.01). No relationship was found between changes of haemodynamic parameters and clinical events, whereas changes of cardiac index and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly correlated with changes in the 6-min walking distance (r = 0.64, p = 0.03; r = -0.55, p = 0.04, respectively). In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, improvements of cardiopulmonary haemodynamics observed in randomised clinical trials correlate with exercise capacity changes but do not predict clinical events in a short-term follow-up.
Experiences in the implementation of a LAN-based election system at the university of the east: Basis for the development of a web-based election system

This study investigated the experiences encountered in terms of concerns, advantages, weaknesses, and issues that had arisen in the implementation of a LAN-based election system at the University of the East. The advantages of using the software were derived from these concerns. Though the software was tested before the implementation, it was found out that the software had minor lapses in terms of platform compatibility, deployment, user interface design, logical voter's status, backup, security, and presentation of results. As a consequence, issues were raised. These weaknesses served as basis for the development of a web-based election system. Nonetheless, accuracy and transparency of the whole voting process overweighed these issues and the winners were proclaimed. Thus, the implementation of the software was successful. Recommendations and future directions were also offered.
Random symmetric matrices are almost surely nonsingular

Let $Q_n$ denote a random symmetric $n$ by $n$ matrix, whose upper diagonal entries are i.i. d. Bernoulli random variables (which take values 0 and 1 with probability 1/2). We prove that $Q_n$ is non-singular with probability $1-O(n^{-1/8+\delta})$ for any fixed $\delta > 0$. The proof uses a quadratic version of Littlewood-Offord type results concerning the concentration functions of random variables and can be extended for more general models of random matrices.
Critical success factors of decision support systems: An experimental study

Many factors affecting successful implementation of decision support systems have been identified in previous research. However, we still have little knowledge of both the relative importance of those factors and the mechanism by which they affect system usage. This paper proposes a framework, based on Simons three-stage decision process model and Fishbein s intention-behavior model, to integrate those factors and describe the decision process of system adoption. An experiment was conducted to investigate the relative importance of the factors. The results indicated that quality of the system was the most critical factor. Among the factors constituting the quality of the system; the accuracy of the model was the most critical factor affecting decision performance; and the representation format was the most critical factor affecting user attitude. The proposed frame work, that applies the Fishbein model to interpret system usage behavior, was partially supported by the research results. User attitude and normative motivation were good predictors for decision performance. However, no signifi cant correlation between system usage and user attitude or normative motivation was found.
Quality control in nonstaple food markets: evidence from India

Using original survey data collected on growers, traders, processors, markets, and village communities, we will compare the situation in four states: Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa. We examine the way that information about crop attributes is conveyed (or not) along the value chain. We find that little information circulates about unobservable crop characteristics. Growers receive a price premium when they dry, grade, and pack their produce, but we find no evidence that information about crop salubrity or agricultural practices circulates through the value chain or that growers are encouraged to follow specific agricultural practices for quality purposes. Market infrastructure is deficient regarding sanitation, with few public toilets, inadequate drainage, and no coordinated pest control.
Modification of Saccades Evoked by Stimulation of Frontal Eye Field during Invisible Target Tracking

We investigated the internal representation of invisible moving targets using electrical microstimulation in the prefrontal cortex. Monkeys were trained to make saccades to the extrapolated position of a small moving target that was rendered invisible during part of its trajectory. Although the target was invisible, involuntary saccades were evoked by electrical microstimulation of the frontal eye field. Stimulation was applied at different times relative to the disappearance of the target while the monkey fixated. When stimulation was applied immediately after target disappearance, electrically evoked saccades were biased toward the starting point of the target trajectory. When stimulation was applied later in the trial, evoked saccades were biased toward the end of the trajectory. The bias in evoked saccade direction changed continuously over time. The magnitude and statistical significance of the electrically evoked saccade deviation depended on the accuracy of the monkeys' voluntary saccades relative to the invisible target. The results suggest that covert tracking is accompanied by a continuously shifting saccade plan that moves along the target path.