Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the use of deep learning for feature location

Deep learning models can infer complex patterns present in natural language text. Relative to n-gram models, deep learning models can capture more complex statistical patterns based on smaller training corpora. In this paper we explore the use of a particular deep learning model, document vectors (DVs), for feature location. DVs seem well suited to use with source code, because they both capture the influence of context on each term in a corpus and map terms into a continuous semantic space that encodes semantic relationships such as synonymy. We present preliminary results that show that a feature location technique (FLT) based on DVs can outperform an analogous FLT based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and then suggest several directions for future work on the use of deep learning models to improve developer effectiveness in feature location.
A pilot study on the security of pattern screen-lock methods and soft side channel attacks

Graphical passwords that allow a user to unlock a smartphone's screen are one of the Android operating system's features and many users prefer them instead of traditional text-based codes. A variety of attacks has been proposed against this mechanism, of which notable are methods that recover the lock patterns using the oily residues left on screens when people move their fingers to reproduce the unlock code. In this paper we present a pilot study on user habits when setting a pattern lock and on their perceptions regarding what constitutes a secure pattern. We use our survey's results to establish a scheme, which combines a behaviour-based attack and a physical attack on graphical lock screen methods, aiming to reduce the search space of possible combinations forming a pattern, to make it partially or fully retrievable.
The Evolution of Structure in X-Ray Clusters of Galaxies

Using Chandra archival data, we quantify the evolution of cluster morphology with redshift. Clusters form and grow through mergers with other clusters and groups, and the amount of substructure in clusters in the present epoch and how quickly it evolves with redshift depend on the underlying cosmology. Our sample includes 40 X-ray-selected, luminous clusters from the Chandra archive, and we quantify cluster morphology using the power ratio method of Buote & Tsai. The power ratios are constructed from the moments of the X-ray surface brightness and are related to a cluster's dynamical state. We find that, as expected qualitatively from hierarchical models of structure formation, high-redshift clusters have more substructure and are dynamically more active than low-redshift clusters. Specifically, the clusters with z > 0.5 have significantly higher average third- and fourth-order power ratios than the lower redshift clusters. Of the power ratios, P3/P0 is the most unambiguous indicator of an asymmetric cluster structure, and the difference in P3/P0 between the two samples remains significant even when the effects of noise and other systematics are considered. After correcting for noise, we apply a linear fit to P3/P0 versus redshift and find that the slope is greater than zero at better than 99% confidence. This observation of structure evolution indicates that dynamical state may be an important systematic effect in cluster studies seeking to constrain cosmology, and when calibrated against numerical simulations, structure evolution will itself provide interesting bounds on cosmological models.
Additional nucleon current contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay

We have examined the importance of momentum dependent induced nucleon currents such as weak-magnetism and pseudoscalar couplings to the amplitude of neutrinoless double beta decay in the mechanisms of light and heavy Majorana neutrino as well as in that of Majoron emission. Such effects are expected to occur in all nuclear models in the direction of reducing the light neutrino matrix elements by about 30%. To test this we have performed a calculation of the nuclear matrix elements of the experimentally interesting nuclei A = 76, 82, 96, 100, 116, 128, 130, 136 and 150 within the pn-RQRPA. We have found that indeed such corrections vary somewhat from nucleus to nucleus, but in all cases they are greater than 25 percent. In the case of heavy neutrino the effect is much larger (a factor of 3). Combining out results with the best presently available experimental limits on the half-life of the neutrinoless double beta decay we have extracted new limits on the effective neutrino mass (light and heavy) and the effective Majoron coupling constant.
Selective and Shared Contributions of the Hippocampus and Perirhinal Cortex to Episodic Item and Associative Encoding

Although the general role of the medial-temporal lobe (MTL) in episodic memory is well established, controversy surrounds the precise division of labor between distinct MTL subregions. The perirhinal cortex (PrC) has been hypothesized to support nonassociative item encoding that contributes to later familiarity, whereas the hippocampus supports associative encoding that selectively contributes to later recollection. However, because previous paradigms have predominantly used recollection of the item context as a measure of associative encoding, it remains unclear whether recollection of different kinds of episodic detail depends on the same or different MTL encoding operations. In our current functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we devised a subsequent memory paradigm that assessed successful item encoding in addition to the encoding of two distinct episodic details: an itemcolor and an itemcontext detail. Hippocampal encoding activation was selectively enhanced during trials leading to successful recovery of either an itemcolor or itemcontext association. Moreover, the magnitude of hippocampal activation correlated with the number, and not the kind, of associated details successfully bound, providing strong evidence for a role of the hippocampus in domain-general associative encoding. By contrast, PrC encoding activation correlated with both nonassociative item encoding as well as associative itemcolor binding, but not with itemcontext binding. This pattern suggests that the PrC contributions to memory encoding may be domain-specific and limited to the binding of items with presented item-related features. Critically, together with a separately conducted behavioral study, these data raise the possibility that PrC encoding operationsin conjunction with hippocampal mechanismscontribute to later recollection of presented item details.
Air Purification Performance of Photocatalytic Concrete Paving Blocks after Seven Years of Service

This paper presents the results of laboratory tests on photocatalytic pavement blocks from a bicycle lane in Poland after seven years of service. Air purification performance was tested on dusty and clean samples using different light sources and setups, with non-laminar gas circulation. Secondary Electrons Secondary Ions (SESI) and InLens detectors combined with SEM–EDS and X-ray analyses were applied to confirm the presence of TiO2 in the studied blocks. The obtained results show that TiO2 was present in the form of agglomerates with a diameter of 0.25–5 µm and was bonded to the cement matrix components. The tested samples still maintained nitric oxide (NO) removal capability with a NO reduction rate of 4–45%, depending on light source and surface cleanliness.
Effects and Compensation of Dead-Time and Minimum Pulse-Width Limitations in Two-Level PWM Voltage Source Inverters

This paper investigates the effect of (voltage source) inverter's non-linearity on the space vector pulse width modulation (PWM) method and the discontinuous PWM methods, DPWM0, DPWM1, and DPWM2. The inverter's non-linearity of dead-time and minimum pulse-width are considered. These non-linearity's impose distortion regions where their effects cannot be properly compensated. The distortion regions are identified for the various PWM methods in space vector diagram format. A method to switch between DPWM methods to avoid the distortion regions while minimizing switching losses is proposed for the middle modulation indexes. At high modulation indexes, a method to modify the DPWM1 switching function is proposed which preserves the fundamental component while taking into consideration the inverter's non-linearity. The proposed methods are experimentally verified and shown to reduce the harmonics in the motor phase currents which would normally be induced due to the inverter non-linear effects. As a result, the proposed method allows for smoother torque production
Perceptions of the Persistent: Engagement and Learning Community in Underrepresented Populations

In an effort to characterize perceptions of learning community and engagement in relation to success for underrepresented populations of online learners at a public institution in southeastern United States, a survey was conducted in Spring 2016. The results of the survey were paired with institutional data to create a baseline engagement and learning community profile for the online student population, which comprised 22% of total enrollments. The subpopulations of interest were: Age, gender, race/ethnicity, disability, Pell grant eligibility, first-generation, and orphan. For all students, a very strong positive relationship was observed between student perceptions of engagement and learning community and student outcomes (grades). This strong and positive relationship was confirmed across the subpopulations, but there were a few noteworthy exceptions: Hispanic and Black students were more engaged than Whites, but earned lower grades. Younger students and students with disabilities were less engaged than their counterparts, but earned equivalent grades. These patterns corresponded to withdrawal statistics, which revealed a higher percentage of young minority males withdrawing from online courses.
Precise inversion of logged slownesses for elastic parameters in a gas shale formation

ABSTRACTDipole sonic log data recorded in a vertical pilot well and the associated production well are analyzed over a 200×1100-ft section of a North American gas shale formation. The combination of these two wells enables angular sampling in the vertical direction and over a range of inclination angles from 54° to 90°. Dipole sonic logs from these wells show that the formation’s average properties are, to a very good approximation, explained by a transversely isotropic medium with a vertical symmetry axis and with elastic parameters satisfying C13=C12, but inconsistent with the additional ANNIE relation (C13=C33−2C55). More importantly, these data clearly show that, at least for fast anisotropic formations such as this gas shale, sonic logs measure group slownesses for propagation with the group angle equal to the borehole inclination angle. Conversely, the data are inconsistent with an interpretation that they measure phase slownesses for propagation with the phase angle equal to the borehole inclinatio.
Does the Girl Next Door Affect Your Academic Outcomes and Career Choices?

Gender peer effects are potentially important for optimally organizing schools and neighborhoods. In this paper, we examine how the gender of classmates and neighbors affects a variety of high school outcomes and choice of university major. Given that students are assigned to schools based on proximity from their residential address, we define as neighbors all same-cohort peers who attend any other school within a 1-mile radius of one's school. To control for potentially confounding unobserved characteristics of schools and neighborhoods that might be correlated with peer gender composition, we exploit within-school and -neighborhood idiosyncratic variation in gender composition share across consecutive cohorts in the 12th grade. Using data for the universe of students in public schools in Greece between 2004 and 2009, we find that a higher share of females in a school or neighborhood improves both genders' subsequent scholastic performance, increases their university matriculation rates, renders them more likely to enroll in an academic university than a technical school, and affects their choice of university study. In addition, we find that only females are more likely to enroll in STEM degrees and target more lucrative occupations when they have more female peers in school or neighborhood. Based on our back-of-the-envelope calculations, a 10 percentage point increase in the proportion of females in a school or neighborhood reduces the gender gap in STEM enrollments by 2% and 3%, respectively. We also find that (1) neighborhood peer effects are as large as school peer effects, and (2) the effects are nonlinear-namely, the effects are larger for school and neighborhood cohorts with a large majority of female peers.
Clinical Interventions for Late-Life Anxious Depression

Anxiety symptoms are frequently present in patients with late-life depression. The designation “anxious depression” has been used to describe major depressive disorder (MDD) accompanied by clinically significant but subsyndromal anxiety symptoms. MDD may also present comorbid with diagnosable anxiety disorders, although this presentation is less common in late life. Diagnosis of anxious depression in the elderly is complicated by several factors (eg, their tendency to experience and report psychiatric symptoms as somatic illness) and is associated with a more severe clinical presentation, increased risk for suicidal ideation, increased disability, and poorer prognosis. Standard pharmacotherapy for depression may be sufficient but for many patients must be modified or augmented. Psychosocial interventions may also be an important component in the treatment of these patients, although no specific psychosocial treatments have been developed for late-life anxious depression.
Postnatal Development of the Primate Hippocampal Formation

The hippocampal formation is a multicomponent region of the medial temporal lobe preferentially involved in declarative and relational memory processing. Behavioral studies have suggested a protracted functional maturation of these structures in primates, and postnatal developmental abnormalities in the hippocampal formation are thought to contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy and Down syndrome. Despite all that we know about the functional organization of the adult hippocampal formation, notably absent is a systematic study of its postnatal maturation in primates. In this article, we review current knowledge of the structural development of the primate hippocampal formation and present new data on its postnatal neuroanatomical development. We summarize what is known about the neurobiological processes, such as the addition of new neurons, the establishment and elaboration of connectivity, and the neurochemical changes, that underlie the structural development and functional maturation of the primate hippocampal formation. We conclude that there is yet insufficient information to identify distinct developmental windows during which different hippocampal regions undergo specific maturational processes. For this reason, it is currently impossible to determine the ages at which specific hippocampal circuits become structurally mature and potentially capable of supporting defined, age-specific functional processes. Together with work in rodents, systematic studies of the structural development and functional maturation of the monkey hippocampal formation will be necessary to gain insight not only into the types of information processing that it subserves, but also into the specific maturational processes that might be affected in human neurodevelopmental disorders.
PISA and policy-borrowing: A philosophical perspective on their interplay in mathematics education

Abstract Mathematics achievement in different education systems around the world is assessed periodically in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA is deemed to yield robust international comparisons of mathematical attainment that enable individual countries and regions to monitor the performance of their education systems relative to standards being achieved internationally, with a view to informing their mathematics education policy decisions. Initially, the role of PISA in instigating mathematics education policy borrowing is outlined using England as a case study, and some existing technical critiques of PISA are then reviewed. Following this, aspects of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later philosophy of mind are used to reason that an over-reliance on the use of PISA to inform policy decisions in mathematics education may be problematic. It is suggested that, when PISA is viewed through a later Wittgensteinian lens, a potential deficiency in the underpinning psychometric model, pertaining to the inherent indeterminism in unmeasured mathematical abilities, may weaken PISA’s utility in guiding mathematics education policy decisions. It is concluded that, whilst PISA mathematics scores may give some indication of the mathematical proficiency of a nation’s students, caution is required before mathematics education policies are borrowed from other jurisdictions on the basis of PISA performance. Implications for the other PISA domains are also outlined.
Attitudes toward the large-scale implementation of an incident reporting system.

OBJECTIVE An electronic Incident Information Management System implemented system-wide by the Department of Health, New South Wales, Australia was evaluated. We hypothesized that health professionals (i) would support the system via utilization and favourable attitudes and (ii) that their usage and attitudes would vary according to profession with nurses being most, and doctors least, favourably disposed. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS An online, anonymous questionnaire survey of 2185 health practitioners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Undertaking system training, satisfaction with training, reporting incidents, incident reporting rates since system introduction and attitude questions focusing on use, security and evaluation of the system and workplace safety cultures. RESULTS The first hypothesis received partial support. The majority of respondents had undertaken training and rated it highly. Most had reported incidents and maintained their previous reporting levels. Most attitudes regarding using the system and its security were favourable. Mixed attitudes were held about workplace safety cultures and the value of the system. Deficiencies in quality of reporting, feedback on incident reports and resources to analyse incident data were problems identified. The second hypothesis was confirmed. Nurses were most, and doctors least, likely to undertake training, report incidents and express favourable attitudes. Allied health responses were intermediate to those of the other professions. CONCLUSIONS The system implementation was relatively successful, but more so with some professions. Problems identified indicated that expectations as to the goals achievable in the short term were optimistic, but these are amenable to planned interventions.
Adaptive compression against a countable alphabet

This paper sheds light on universal coding with respect to classes of memoryless sources over a countable alphabet defined by an envelope function with finite and non-decreasing hazard rate. We prove that the auto-censuring (AC) code introduced by Bontemps (2011) is adaptive with respect to the collection of such classes. The analysis builds on the tight characterization of universal redundancy rate in terms of metric entropy by Haussler and Opper (1997) and on a careful analysis of the performance of the AC-coding algorithm. The latter relies on non-asymptotic bounds for maxima of samples from discrete distributions with finite and non-decreasing hazard rate.
ISO observations of four active galaxies

We present ISO PHOT-S spectra of four galaxies known or suspected to host a central AGN. Two of them are selected, among several others, from the initial Iras/Rosat sample of Boller et al. (1992) because of their substantial X-ray emission, while no obvious Seyfert features was present in their optical spectra: IRAS 14201+2956 and IRAS 21582+1018. The latter, also known as Mrk 520, was bright enough to also allow SWS observations around selected neon lines, to establish its excitation. While both PHOT-S spectra are characteristic of starburst-dominated galaxies, the neon line ratios in IRAS 21582+1018 indicate the presence of a hard excitation source. Complementary optical spectra, both at low and high spectral resolution, show only a weak, broad component around Ha, establishing the presence of a central AGN which may not be detected in standard, classification spectra. Both objects are now classified as Sey 1.9 galaxies. These results show therefore that, although IR observations were expected to be able to pierce through the dusty central regions to reveal the presence of an active nucleus, the result may be ambiguous: the broad band IR energy distribution can still be dominated by starburts located in a wider circumnuclear region, and the AGN appear only in specific observations (high-excitation lines in the IR, or high-resolution optical spectra). As a complement, two other galaxies from the same initial sample were also observed with PHOT-S: the Narrow Line Seyfert galaxies (NLS1) Mrk 359 and Mrk 1388. NLS1s appear in high proportion in the Rosat/Iras sample, and in soft X-ray samples in general, and their Balmer line-widths are sometimes comparable to those of interacting, star-forming galaxies. Their ISO spectra however do not reveal the typical, strong PAH features found in the starburst galaxies and are more like those of standard Seyferts. All these observations therefore indicate that the key element is the presence or absence of a circumnuclear starburst region which, if strong enough, may completely hide the presence of a central AGN in the IR spectral energy distribution. The dust obscuration however needs to be patchy rather than complete to explain the detection of the high-excitation lines and Balmer wings in some cases. Only high-energy observations can then establish the strength of the central AGN and the amount of extinction with certainty.
TR 13-007 Nebula : Data Intensive Computing over Widely Distributed Voluntary Resources

Centralized cloud infrastructures have become the de-facto platform for data-intensive computing today. However, they suffer from inefficient data mobility due to the centralization of cloud resources, and hence, are highly unsuited for dispersed-data-intensive applications, where the data may be spread at multiple geographical locations. In this paper, we present Nebula: a dispersed cloud infrastructure that uses voluntary edge resources for both computation and data storage. We describe the lightweight Nebula architecture that enables distributed data-intensive computing through a number of optimizations including location-aware data and computation placement, replication, and recovery. We evaluate Nebula’s performance on an emulated volunteer platform that spans over 50 PlanetLab nodes distributed across Europe, and show how a common data-intensive computing framework, MapReduce, can be easily deployed and run on Nebula. We show Nebula MapReduce is robust to a wide array of failures and substantially outperforms other wide-area versions based on emulated BOINC.