Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the number of ball contacts within bouts of 4 vs. 4 small-sided soccer games.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the number of ball touches authorized per possession on the physical demands, technical performances and physiological responses throughout the bouts within 4 vs. 4 soccer small-sided games (SSGs). METHODS Twenty international soccer players (27.4 ± 1.5 y, 180.6 ± 2.3 cm, 79.2 ± 4.2 kg, body fat 12.7 ± 1.2%) performed three different 4 vs. 4 SSGs (4 × 4 min) in which the number of ball touches authorized per possession was manipulated (1 touch = 1T; 2 touches = 2T; Free Play = FP). The SSGs were divided in 4 bouts (B1, B2, B3 and B4) separated by 3 min of passive recovery. The physical performances, technical activities, heart rate responses, blood lactate and RPE were analyzed. RESULTS The FP rule presented greater number of duels, induced the lowest decreases of the sprint and high-intensity performances, and affected less the technical actions (successful passes and number of ball losses) from B1 to B4 as compared with 1T and 2T forms. Moreover, the SSG played in 1T form led to reach higher solicitation of the high-intensity actions while players presented more difficulty to perform a correct technical action. CONCLUSIONS The modification of the number of ball touches authorized per possession affects the soccer player activity from the first to the last bout of SSG, indicating that the determination of this rule has to be precisely planned by the coach according to the objectives of the training.
A rare-male advantage in the housefly induced by wing clipping and some general considerations for Drosophila.

Multiple-choice crosses among five geographic strains of the housefly, Musca domestica L. , were carried out in equal (10:10) and low-frequency (4:16) ratios. Initially, a low-frequency-male mating advantage was apparent, but further analyses related this minority advantage to a reduction of male mating success during marking by wing clipping. When there are fluctuating differences in the level of sexual vigor between competing male types over replicate trials of a cross, a mating advantage will accrue to the minority type. Even if males from the two competing strains are equally vigorous, such fluctuating differences will occur during sampling of flies. Harming the flies during marking will serve to enhance this effect and make significant departures toward greater mating success of rare males highly likely. This statistical bias in favor of minority males was substantiated in simulations of the KENCE-BRYANT model of mating success and compared with our results of a minority advantage in the housefly and with published results of a minority advantage in Drosophila. Our evidence, though circumstantial, that an advantage to minority males could have been induced by such an experimental bias suggests that a re-examination of existing data, as well as new experimentation, is necessary to discern whether or not a real rare-male advantage exists.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR COMPRESSIBLE MULTIFLUID FLOWS

A simple second order accurate and fully Eulerian numerical method is presented for the simulation of multifluid compressible flows, governed by the stiffened gas equation of state, in hydrodynamic regime. Our numerical method relies on a second order Godunov-type scheme, with approximate Riemann solver for the resolution of conservation equations, and a set of nonconservative equations. It is valid for all mesh points and allows the resolution of interfaces. This method works for an arbitrary number of interfaces, for breakup and coalescence. It allows very high density ratios (up to 1000). It is able to compute very strong shock waves (pressure ratio up to 105). Contrary to all existing schemes (which consider the interface as a discontinuity) the method considers the interface as a numerical diffusion zone as contact discontinuities are computed in compressible single phase flows, but the variables describing the mixture zone are computed consistently with the density, momentum and energy. Several test problems are presented in one, two, and three dimensions. This method allows, for example, the computation of the interaction of a shock wave propagating in a liquid with a gas cylinder, as well as Richtmeyer–Meshkov instabilities, or hypervelocity impact, with realistic initial conditions. We illustrate our method with the Rusanov flux. However, the same principle can be applied to a more general class of schemes.
On the stability of Mindlin-Timoshenko plates

We consider a Mindlin-Timoshenko model with frictional dissipations acting on the equations for the rotation angles. We prove that this system is not exponentially stable independent of any relations between the constants of the system, which is different from the analogous one-dimensional case. Moreover, we show that the solution decays polynomially to zero, with rates that can be improved depending on the regularity of the initial data.
Guided Reading Approach

ing, English language learners, or learning disabled need daily reading instruction that offers opportunities to learn and to practice strategies for word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. The guided reading lesson structure is flexible enough to be used with any type of reading material and leaves decisions about selection of strategies to teach on any given day up to the teacher. The teacher can provide exactly the level of supportive instruction needed by the students and incorporate evidence-based practices for teaching the skills needed to become successful readers.
Influence of water quality and age on nickel toxicity to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

This research characterized the effects of water quality and organism age on the toxicity of nickel (Ni)to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to facilitate the accurate development of site‐specific water‐quality criteria. Nickel sulfate hexa‐hydrate (NiSO4·6H2O) was used as the Ni source for performing acute toxicity tests (median lethal concentration after 96‐h exposure [96‐h LC50]) with <1‐d‐old and 28‐d‐old P. promelas under varying regimes of hardness, pH, alkalinity, and natural organic matter (NOM). The toxicity of Ni was inversely related to water hardness between hardness values of 20 and 150 mg/L (as CaCO3). Below 30 mg/L alkalinity, Ni toxicity was related to alkalinity. The effect of pH was confounded by hardness and the presence of NOM. In the absence of NOM, the toxicity of Ni increased as pH increased at high hardness and alkalinity. In general, 28‐d‐old fish were less sensitive than <1‐d‐old fish to Ni. This lower sensitivity ranged from 12‐fold at low hardness and alkalinity (20 and 4 mg/L, respectively) to 5‐fold at high hardness and alkalinity (100 and 400 mg/L, respectively). The presence of NOM (10 mg/L as dissolved organic carbon [DOC]) reduced Ni toxicity by up to 50%, but this effect appeared to be saturated above DOC at 5 mg/L. Incubating Ni with the NOM solution from 1 to 17 days had no effect on Ni toxicity. When using multivariate analysis, the 96‐h LC50 for Ni was a function offish age, alkalinity, hardness, and NOM (96‐h LC50 = −0.642 + 0.270(fish age) + 0.005(alkalinity) + 0.018(hardness) + 0.138(DOC)). When using this model, we found a strong relationship between measured and predicted 96‐h LC50 values (r2 = 0.94) throughout the treatment water qualities. The biotic ligand model (BLM) did not accurately predict Ni toxicity at high or low levels of alkalinity. Results of our research suggest that the BLM could be improved by considering NiCO3 to be bioavailable.
T-Cell–Mediated Lysis of Endothelial Cells in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background—CD4 T lymphocytes accumulate in unstable plaque. The direct and indirect involvement of these T cells in tissue injury and plaque instability is not understood. Methods and Results—Gene profiling identified perforin, CD161, and members of the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors as being differentially expressed in CD4+CD28null T cells, a T-cell subset that preferentially infiltrates unstable plaque. Frequencies of CD161+ and perforin-expressing CD4 T cells in peripheral blood were significantly increased in patients with unstable angina (UA). CD161 appeared on CD4+CD28null T cells after stimulation, suggesting spontaneous activation of circulating CD4 T cells in UA. Perforin-expressing CD4+ T-cell clones from patients with UA exhibited cytotoxic activity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in redirected cytotoxicity assays after T-cell receptor triggering and also after stimulation of major histocompatibility complex class I–recognizing killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. HUVEC cytolysis was dependent on granule exocytosis, as demonstrated by the paralyzing effect of pretreating CD4+CD28null T cells with strontium. Incubation of HUVECs with C-reactive protein (CRP) increased HUVEC lysis in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusions—In patients with UA, CD4 T cells undergo a change in functional profile and acquire cytotoxic capability. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells effectively kill endothelial cells; CRP sensitizes endothelial cells to the cytotoxic process. We propose that T-cell–mediated endothelial cell injury is a novel pathway of tissue damage that contributes to plaque destabilization. The sensitizing effect of CRP suggests synergy between dysregulated T-cell function and acute phase proteins in acute coronary syndromes.
Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex

1. The striate cortex was studied in lightly anaesthetized macaque and spider monkeys by recording extracellularly from single units and stimulating the retinas with spots or patterns of light. Most cells can be categorized as simple, complex, or hypercomplex, with response properties very similar to those previously described in the cat. On the average, however, receptive fields are smaller, and there is a greater sensitivity to changes in stimulus orientation. A small proportion of the cells are colour coded.
Hamiltonian p-cycles for fiber-level protection in semi-homogeneous homogeneous and optical networks

Recently there has been interest in DWDM-based optical networks that are assumed to employ exactly two working fibers uniformly on every span (or "link"). At the fiber level such networks are referred to as homogeneous networks. An interesting and highly efficient strategy for protection of such networks is to use a single dark-fiber p-cycle formed on a Hamiltonian cycle (if it exists). We show that in a homogeneous Hamiltonian network, a Hamiltonian p-cycle is the most efficient overall solution, although interestingly it does not always correspond to the individually most efficient p-cycle that can be formed. We also consider p-cycle planning in non-Hamiltonian but homogeneous networks and introduce the concept of a semi-homogenous network, specifically linked to the p-cycle concept. The proposed semi-homogeneous class of network actually realizes the theoretical lower bound on span-restorable networks in terms of network redundancy. Such networks also provide a strategy to accommodate certain patterns of capacity growth beyond a homogenous network without any increase in protection capacity. The work also demonstrates and explains why a single Hamiltonian p-cycle is not as efficient as a specifically optimized set of individual p-cycles in a "capacitated" (non-homogeneous) network where the working capacity on each span varies in a general way. These discussions provide new options for DWDM network architecture and also clarify some possible confusions about the applicability of Hamiltonian p-cycles and generalized sets of p-cycles.
Influence of surface modification techniques on shear bond strength between different zirconia cores and veneering ceramics

PURPOSE Veneering porcelain might be delaminated from underlying zirconia-based ceramics. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effect of different surface treatments and type of zirconia (white or colored) on shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia core and its veneering porcelain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty zirconia disks (40 white and 40 colored; 10 mm in diameter and 4 mm thick) were treated with three different mechanical surface conditioning methods (Sandblasting with 110 µm Al2O3 particle, grinding, sandblasting and liner application). One group had received no treatment. These disks were veneered with 3 mm thick and 5 mm diameter Cercon Ceram Kiss porcelain and SBS test was conducted (cross-head speed = 1 mm/min). Two and one way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD Past hoc, and T-test were selected to analyzed the data (α=0.05). RESULTS In this study, the factor of different types of zirconia ceramics (P=.462) had no significant effect on SBS, but the factors of different surface modification techniques (P=.005) and interaction effect (P=.018) had a significant effect on SBS. Within colored zirconia group, there were no significant differences in mean SBS among the four surface treatment subgroups (P=0.183). Within white zirconia group, "Ground group" exhibited a significantly lower SBS value than "as milled" or control (P=0.001) and liner (P=.05) groups. CONCLUSION Type of zirconia did not have any effect on bond strength between zirconia core and veneer ceramic. Surface treatment had different effects on the SBS of the different zirconia types and grinding dramatically decreased the SBS of white zirconia-porcelain.
The association between problematic internet use and depression, suicidal ideation and bipolar disorder symptoms in Korean adolescents

Objective: This study used a sample of Korean adolescents to evaluate: (a) associations between problematic internet use and depression, bipolar disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation; and (b) whether mood disorders mediate the relationship between problematic internet use and suicidal ideation. Method: A total of 795 middle and high school students were recruited (538 girls; mean age, 13.87 ± 1.51 years). The Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth–Short Form (KS-scale) was used to evaluate the presence and severity of problematic internet use. The frequencies of depression, suicidal ideation and probable bipolar disorder were compared between adolescents with and without internet addiction. The associations between the severity of problematic internet use and the severity of depressive symptoms, bipolar symptoms and suicidal ideation were also analyzed. Results: Seventy-five adolescents (9.4%) met the criteria for problematic internet use. The presence of problematic internet use was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 5.82, 95% CI = 3.30–10.26, p < 0.001) as well as depression (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 2.88–8.66, p < 0.001). There was a marginally significant association between problematic internet use and probable bipolar disorder (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 0.96–9.69, p = 0.059). In the path model, problematic internet use significantly predicted depressive symptoms (β = 0.296, 95% CI = 0.214–0.367, p = 0.005), which predicted suicidal ideation (β = 0.699, 95% CI = 0.631–0.751, p = 0.009). Problematic internet use also predicted suicidal ideation directly (β = 0.115, 95% CI = 0.052–0.193, p = 0.006). Conversely, depressive symptoms (β = 0.119, 95% CI = −0.005–0.219, p = 0.040) and suicidal ideation (β = 0.215, 95% CI = 0.089–0.346, p = 0.005) predicted problematic internet use. Conclusions: There is a complex transactional relationship between problematic internet use, depressive symptoms, bipolar symptoms and suicidal ideation, so these conditions must be assessed together during the evaluation of adolescents. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the causal relationships between problematic internet use, mood symptoms and suicidal ideation.
Wittgenstein and psychology: An exploration of creativity and madness through the investigation of sense and nonsense.

The purpose of this thesis is to diagnose and cure some of the sources of conceptual confusion in psychology. Both the concepts of creativity and insanity are used as examples of areas of concern to psychologists. Wittgenstein (1958,1969) suggests that in psychology theory and research are directed from confused conceptions of language resulting in a paralysis of understanding. It is by following Wittgenstein's articulation of the nature of philosophy, and by understanding the relationship between philosophy and psychology, that it is possible to disentangle the conceptual confusion and gain access to accurate theorising about insanity, creativity, and the relationship between the two phenomena. Cognitive science is criticised for perpetuating a mythology from which research is directed. Cognitive psychology relies on a misguided understanding of the nature of psychological predicates. Wittgenstein' s arguments against the thoughts embodied in the cognitivist doctrine are used to disable this attempt to account for psychological concepts generally and provide a background to address the errors contained within computational accounts of creativity. Social constructionists claim that they accurately represent the introduction of Wittgensteinian philosophy into psychology. There are several attempts made by constructionists to criticise cognitive science and present alternative research programmes for psychology. It is argued that social constructionists fail to present a convincing argument against cognitivism and furthermore misinterpret Wittgenstein's philosophy and so fail to introduce Wittgenstein's thoughts to psychology. Theorising from a constructionist perspective about the concept of insanity is used as an example to expose the types of error which result from misinterpreting Wittgenstein' s arguments. It is by contrast with these broad theoretical structures (both cognitive science and social constructionism) that the proper grammatical structure, at least from a Wittgensteinian perspective, for the concepts of insanity and creativity is developed. The relationship between grammar and evidence is explained against the background of argument in psychology relating to the study of creativity and insanity. Theoretical psychology is distinguished from philosophy with the recognition that philosophy provides conceptual clarification and psychology is involved with conceptual development. The relationship between empirical psychology and theoretical psychology is described in contrast to the relationship between philosophy and theoretical psychology. By describing Wittgenstein's conception of philosophy it is argued that Wittgenstein offered psychologists a resource which operates either to remove conceptual confusion or promote an overview to facilitate the correct employment ofterrns within theory. 5
Unconditional self-acceptance and mental health in ego-provoking experimental context

Although it is one of the central concepts of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), unconditional self-acceptance has not been sufficiently empirically examined, especially not experimentally. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of unconditional self-acceptance on mental health indicators in an egoprovoking experimental situation. For a sample of 182 students, we simulated the situation of public speaking. After the simulation, participants were given previously prepared and randomly assigned positive, neutral and negative feedback. We used the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ: Chamberlain & Haaga, 2001), Serbian Inventory of Affect based on PANAS-X (SIAB-PANAS: Novović & Mihić, 2008), Anxiety subscale (DASS-42: Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), State Depression Scale (SD: Novović, Biro & Nedimović, 2009) and Situational Attributional Style constructed for the purpose of this study (according to Peterson & Seligman, 1984). Data were collected during the winter semester 2013/2014 at the University of Novi Sad. In the case of anxiety and depression as outcome variables (posttest measures), the analysis of covariance revealed a significant three-way interaction between the level of unconditional self-acceptance, the type of feedback and the satisfaction with feedback. On the other hand, the same predictors did not influence the measures of positive and negative affect. Various expectations from the feedback, as well as the feedback, provoke a certain self-assessment. Different pattern of effects in case of different outcome variables is in accordance with REBT theory.
Survey the relationship between big five factor, happiness and sport achievement in Iranian athletes.

The aim of this study was to Survey the relationship between big five factor, happiness and sport achievement in Iranian athletes. In order to 72 athletics (Consist of 21 national tem athletes, 25 professional athletes and 26 non- professional athletes) who were selected using a access sampling, were assessed using Big Five Factor Inventory (FFI) (Costa & McCrae , 1992), Happiness Scale (Argyle , 2001) and Sport Achievement (Duda, & Nichols , 1992). The results were analyzed by Pearson correlation quotient, regression and, ANOVA test. Results showed that in compare with non- professional athletes the amount of neuroticism was significantly less that national tem and professional athletics (P<1%), The amount of extraversion, happiness and openness was significantly further that national tem athletics in compare with other groups (P<1%), also results showed that the amount of agreeableness and conscientiousness was significantly further that national tem athletes in compare with other groups (P<1%). Results showed that in national tem athletics and professional athletes were negative and significant correlation between sport achievement with neuroticism (P<5%), also positive and significant correlation between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and happiness with sport achievement (P<1%). The analyses data by regression showed that in national tem athletes and professional athletics, sport achievement predicted by agreeableness and conscientiousness. Most research in the field of these variables can represent brighter data.
Effects of Individual Secularity, Institutional Secularity and Campus Activity Involvement on College Student Suicidal Ideation and Attempts

EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL SECULARITY, INSTITUTIONAL SECULARITY AND CAMPUS ACTIVITY INVOLVEMENT ON COLLEGE STUDENT SUICIDAL IDEATION AND ATTEMPTS Christopher J. Daood, B.A., M.A. Marquette University, 2009 Using undergraduate data from a recent study on the Nature of College Student Suicidality, this paper explored the impact of campus activity involvement, indi vidual secularity and institutional secularity as risk and/or protective factors for college student suicidal ideation and attempts. Results revealed that students who participated in a t l ast one campus activity and students who affiliate with a Christian faith were les s lik ly to seriously consider suicide in the last twelve months. Gender differences wer found in the relationship between institutional secularity and serious consideration of suicide , with non-secular institutions serving as a protective factor for women, but not men. Individual secularity was the only independent variable correlated with reduced rates of suicide attempts. Implications for higher education decision-making and counseling c nter practices are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
Interpretation Training Influences Memory for Prior Interpretations

Anxiety is associated with memory biases when the initial interpretation of the event is taken into account. This experiment examined whether modification of interpretive bias retroactively affects memory for prior events and their initial interpretation. Before training, participants imagined themselves in emotionally ambiguous scenarios to which they provided endings that often revealed their interpretations. Then they were trained to resolve the ambiguity in other situations in a consistently positive (n = 37) or negative way (n = 38) before they tried to recall the initial scenarios and endings. Results indicated that memory for the endings was imbued with the emotional tone of the training, whereas memory for the scenarios was unaffected.