Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of self-schemas in patients with paranoia

Negative self-schemas have been implicated in both paranoia and depression. There is a lack of research on the structural characteristics of self-schemas, even though these characteristics might be stable risk factors. The present study explored organization of positive and negative self-schemas in currently non-depressed individuals with persistent delusional disorder (PD), currently depressed individuals with persistent delusional disorder (PDD), and nonpsychiatric controls (NC). Self-schema consolidation was measured via the Psychological Distance Scaling Task. Within the interpersonal domain, negative selfschemas were more densely organized in PDD compared to both PD and NC. Both patient groups had less interconnected positive interpersonal schemas than controls. Within the achievement domain, PDD demonstrated less consolidated positive achievement schemas than NC and greater interconnectedness among negative adjectives than PD. Central limitation includes a small sample size. The findings point to an existence of at least two self-schema organizations in paranoid individuals.
A Gaze-Based Driver Distraction Warning System and Its Effect on Visual Behavior

Driver distraction is a contributing factor to many crashes; therefore, a real-time distraction warning system should have the potential to mitigate or circumvent many of these crashes. The objective of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of a real-time distraction detection algorithm called AttenD. The evaluation is based on data from an extended field study comprising seven drivers who drove on an average of 4351 ± 2181 km in a naturalistic setting. Visual behavior was investigated both on a global scale and on a local scale in the surroundings of each warning. An increase in the percentage of glances at the rear-view mirror and a decrease in the amount of glances at the center console were found. The results also show that visual time sharing decreased in duration from 9.94 to 9.20 s due to the warnings, that the time from fully attentive to warning decreased from 3.20 to 3.03 s, and that the time from warning to full attentiveness decreased from 6.02 to 5.46 s. The limited number of participants does not allow any generalizable conclusions, but a trend toward improved visual behavior could be observed. This is a promising start for further improvements of the algorithm and the warning strategy.
The K20 survey. V. The evolution of the near-IR Luminosity Function

We present the galaxy rest-frame near-IR Luminosity Function (LF) and its cosmic evolution to z 1:5 based on a spectroscopic survey of a magnitude limited sample of galaxies with Ks < 20 (the K20 survey, Cimatti et al. 2002b). The LFs have been derived in the rest-frame J and Ks bands. Their evolution is traced using three dierent redshift bins (zmean ' 0:5; 1; 1:5) and comparing them to the Local near-IR Luminosity Function. The luminosity functions at dierent redshifts are fairly well fitted by Schechter functions at z< 1:3. The faint-end of the LFs (L< L) is consistent with the local estimates, with no evidence for a change either in the slope or normalization up to z< 1:3. At higher redshift this part of the luminosity function is not well sampled by our data. Viceversa, the density of luminous galaxies ( MKs 5l ogh70< 25:5) is higher than locally at all redshifts and relatively constant or mildly increasing with redshift within our sample. The data are consistent with a mild luminosity evolutionboth in the J -a ndKs -band up toz' 1:5, with an amplitude of aboutMJ ' 0:69 0:12 and MK ' 0:54 0:12 at z 1. Pure density evolution is not consistent with the observed LF at z 1. Moreover, we find that red and early-type galaxies dominate the bright-end of the LF , and that their number density shows at most a small decrease (<30%) up to z' 1, thus suggesting that massive elliptical galaxies were already in place at z' 1a ndthey should have formed their stars and assembled their mass at higher redshift.There appears to be a correlation of the optical/near-IR colors with near-IR luminosities, the most luminous/massive galaxies being red/old, the low-luminous galaxies being instead dominated by blue young stellar populations. We also investigate the evolution of the near-IR comoving luminosity density to z' 1:5, finding a slow evolution with redshift ((z)=(z= 0)(1+z) () with(J)' 0:70 and(Ks)' 0:37). Finally, we compare the observed LFs with the predictions of a set of the most updated hierarchical merging models. Such a comparison shows that the current versions of hierarchical models overpredict significantly the density of low luminosity galaxies at z 1 and underpredict the density of luminous galaxies at z 1, whereas passive evolution models are more consistent with the data up to z 1:5. The GIF model (Kaufmann et al. 1999) shows a clear deficiency of red luminous galaxies at z 1 compared to our observations and predicts a decrease of luminous galaxies with redshift not observed in our sample.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Teachers' Orientations in Reading Process and Instruction: Four Case Studies.

The beliefs that teachers hold about how children learn are often reflected in the instructional practices they use to help children become readers. The purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to identify teachers’ beliefs regarding how reading takes place and how reading develops, (b) to examine the instructional reading practices implemented in teachers’ classrooms, and (c) to explore the relationships between teachers’ theoretical beliefs and their instructional practices in providing appropriate reading instruction. Qualitative methods informed this study by providing case studies of four primary grade teachers, giving detailed accounts of their theoretical beliefs—process and instruction. Two of the teachers held theoretical beliefs based on a top-down model of reading and utilized pedagogical practices associated with literature-based instruction. The other two teachers upheld beliefs characteristic of a bottom-up construct of reading and implemented skills-based instructional practices in their classrooms. The data obtained through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations revealed that there was a significant relationship between teacher beliefs and teacher activities. These results indicate that the beliefs teachers hold influence their behaviors in the classroom. Implications resulting from these findings could be instrumental in improving the professional preparation and teaching practices of teachers and teacher candidates,
HS 0146+1847 : a DAZB white dwarf of very unusual composition

HS 0146+1847, originally identified as a white dwarf candidate in proper motion surveys, was rediscovered as a candidate in the Hamburg Quasar Survey. Spectra obtained for the SPY (ESO Supernova la Progenitor) survey show strong Balmer and Call lines, suggesting a classification as DAZ white dwarf. Contrary to the objects known so far in this class, HS 0146+1847 has a helium-rich atmosphere at T eff = 11 500 K. This is confirmed by very weak He lines, changing the classification to DAZB. Mg and Fe lines are also detected. We discuss the physics of Balmer line broadening by neutral helium, present a spectral analysis and note some implications for the accretion/diffusion scenario of heavy elements in cool white dwarfs.
Three-dimensional morphology of equatorial plasma bubbles deduced from measurements onboard CHAMP

Abstract. Total electron content (TEC) between Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites can be used to constrain the three-dimensional morphology of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). In this study we investigate TEC measured onboard the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) from 2001 to 2005. We only use TEC data obtained when CHAMP passed through EPBs: that is, when in situ plasma density measurements at CHAMP altitude also show EPB signatures. The observed TEC gradient along the CHAMP track is strongest when the corresponding GNSS satellite is located equatorward and westward of CHAMP with elevation angles of about 40–60°. These elevation and azimuth angles are in agreement with the angles expected from the morphology of the plasma depletion shell proposed by Kil et al.(2009).
Structural and Functional Analysis of Human SOD1 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with familial inheritance (fALS) in 5% to 10% of cases; 25% of those are caused by mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein. More than 100 mutations in the SOD1 gene have been associated with fALS, altering the geometry of the active site, protein folding and the interaction between monomers. We performed a functional analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in 124 fALS SOD1 mutants. Eleven different algorithms were used to estimate the functional impact of the replacement of one amino acid on protein structure: SNPs&GO, PolyPhen-2, SNAP, PMUT, Sift, PhD-SNP, nsSNPAnalyzer, TANGO, WALTZ, LIMBO and FoldX. For the structural analysis, theoretical models of 124 SNPs of SOD1 were created by comparative modeling using the MHOLline workflow, which includes Modeller and Procheck. Models were aligned with the native protein by the TM-align algorithm. A human-curated database was developed using the server side include in Java, JMOL. The results of this functional analysis indicate that the majority of the 124 natural mutants are harmful to the protein structure and thus corroborate the correlation between the reported mutations and fALS. In the structural analysis, all models showed conformational changes when compared to wild-type SOD1, and the degree of structural alignment varied between them. The SOD1 database converge structural and functional analyses of SOD1; it is a vast resource for the molecular analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which allows the user to expand his knowledge on the molecular basis of the disease. The SOD1 database is available at http://bioinfogroup.com/database.
Multiple Signaling Pathways Regulate Cell Surface Expression and Activity of the Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 Subtype of Glu Transporter in C6 Glioma

Neuronal and glial sodium-dependent transporters are crucial for the control of extracellular glutamate levels in the CNS. The regulation of these transporters is relatively unexplored, but the activity of other transporters is regulated by protein kinase C (PKC)- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated trafficking to and from the cell surface. In the present study the C6 glioma cell line was used as a model system that endogenously expresses the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) subtype of neuronal glutamate transporter. As previously observed, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused an 80% increase in transporter activity within minutes that cannot be attributed to the synthesis of new transporters. This increase in activity correlated with an increase in cell surface expression of EAAC1 as measured by using a membrane-impermeant biotinylation reagent. Both effects of PMA were blocked by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide II (Bis II). The putative PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin, decreased l-[3H]-glutamate uptake activity by >50% within minutes. Wortmannin decreased theVmax ofl-[3H]-glutamate andd-[3H]-aspartate transport, but it did not affect Na+-dependent [3H]-glycine transport. Wortmannin also decreased cell surface expression of EAAC1. Although wortmannin did not block the effects of PMA on activity, it prevented the PMA-induced increase in cell surface expression. This trafficking of EAAC1 also was examined with immunofluorescent confocal microscopy, which supported the biotinylation studies and also revealed a clustering of EAAC1 at cell surface after treatment with PMA. These studies suggest that the trafficking of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 is regulated by two independent signaling pathways and also may suggest a novel endogenous protective mechanism to limit glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
Mel filter-like admissible wavelet packet structure for speech recognition

A new filter structure using admissible wavelet packet analysis is presented. These filters have the advantage of having frequency bands spacing similar to the Mel scale. Further wavelet packet transform's multiresolution capabilities are used to derive new sets of features, which are found to be superior to Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) in unvoiced phoneme classification problems.
Understanding the Connection between Epigenetic DNA Methylation and Nucleosome Positioning from Computer Simulations

Cytosine methylation is one of the most important epigenetic marks that regulate the process of gene expression. Here, we have examined the effect of epigenetic DNA methylation on nucleosomal stability using molecular dynamics simulations and elastic deformation models. We found that methylation of CpG steps destabilizes nucleosomes, especially when these are placed in sites where the DNA minor groove faces the histone core. The larger stiffness of methylated CpG steps is a crucial factor behind the decrease in nucleosome stability. Methylation changes the positioning and phasing of the nucleosomal DNA, altering the accessibility of DNA to regulatory proteins, and accordingly gene functionality. Our theoretical calculations highlight a simple physical-based explanation on the foundations of epigenetic signaling.
Beyond Technological Diversification: The Impact of Employee Diversity on Innovation

This paper investigates the effect of employee diversity in terms of gender, age, ethnicity and education on the firm’s likelihood of introducing an innovation. The analysis draws on data from a recent innovation survey. This data is merged with a linked employer-employee dataset that allow us to identify the employee composition of each firm. We test the hypothesis that employee diversity is associated with better innovative performance. The econometric analysis reveals positive, negative and non-significant effects of the different employee characteristics on the likelihood of introducing an innovation.
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce Building Trust in E-commerce: a Proposed Shari'ah Compliant Model

Dr Marjan Muhammad is a researcher at the International Shari'ah Research Academy for Islamic Finance (ISRA). She holds a Master and Ph.D in Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh) from the International Islamic University Malaysia. Her areas of interests include issues of ijtihad (intellectual reasoning), Islamic jurisprudence, Islamic law of transaction as well as Islamic capital market. Abstract Studies show that trust has a significant impact on users' motivation, acceptance and willingness for e-commerce dealings. Existing literature investigates the role of trust in e-commerce environment within the conventional space but scarcely looks into the issue-2-from the Islamic perspective. Considering that Muslim users constitute a relatively significant percentage of the whole online commerce community, it is pertinent to understand the concept of trust in the light of Shari'ah. Inability to satisfy religio-centric attitude of the Muslim internet users may bring negative consequences for the overall success of e-commerce environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to explore how to build online trust among Muslim users through an analysis of the essential requirements of e-commerce from the perspective of Islamic law of contract. The literature review covers empirical studies on the concept of trust, model of trust and Islamic law of contract. For the review, library research is employed by the means of investigating classical and contemporary literature to search for information on essential requirements underpinning e-commerce contracts. The study sheds light on some conditions related to offer and acceptance (form), buyer and seller (parties), and object and price (subject matter) of sale contracts concluded via online environment. An appraisal of these issues will justify the validity of e-commerce in Islamic law, thus enhancing the level of online trust among Muslim users. Drawing upon these discussions, a Shari'ah compliant model for online trust is proposed highlighting essential requirements of Islamic law of contract as variables for online trust.
The Influence of Strategic Management Practices on Performance of Private Construction Firms in Kenya

This study sought to investigate the influence of strategic management practices on the performance of private construction firms in Kenya. Studies have shown that world construction markets are at a tipping point already with 52% of all construction activity in emerging markets today. This is expected to increase to 63% by 2025, with China and India contributing most to growth in emerging markets. A report published by Deloitte further expounds that the East African region is turning the heads of investors, construction firms and multi-national corporations. This research was carried out on three private construction firms namely; First Acres Construction, Blue Urban Construction and Nipsan Construction Company. A total sample of 68 respondents formed the sampling frame. The researcher chose simple random sampling as a sampling technique. Primary data was collected using predetermined questionnaires. The study used questionnaires containing closed ended, open ended, multiple choice and dichotomous questions. Likert scale questions were also used since the responses were easily quantifiable and subjective to computation. The study used both primary and secondary data. Secondary data was cited from library resources and organizational process assets such as company project reports. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used as a platform for data analysis. Data analysis was done to generate a view of how the objectives of the study were satisfied. This was done using descriptive statistics, which saw the usage of frequency tables, measures of central tendency, percentage charts, distribution tables and bar graphs. Through this study, it was established that all three construction firms have employed strategic management practices which in turn increases performance. The research carried out on this study led to identification of the crucial aspects of strategic management practices that will facilitate better management and overcome prevalent obstacles within the market players within the construction industry therefore enhance achievement of the core business objectives within the construction firms and spearhead growth and performance. Recommendations to the study were made and as well as other areas that stand to benefit from this study, were also identified.
Multimodal indexicality in Korean: “doing deference” and “performing intimacy” through nonverbal behavior

This study investigates the nonverbal behaviors used in two interconnected relational practices in Korean: “doing deference” towards status superiors and “performing intimacy” towards status equals. We extracted 154 interactions from Korean televised dramas that represented these two relational practices, and annotated the data for various nonverbal behaviors, including body position and orientation, facial expressions, manual gestures, and touching. Our analyses showed that the protagonists in the dramas altered their nonverbal behavior between the two relational practices according to all of the categories that we annotated. Doing deference featured erect but constrained body positions, direct bodily orientation towards the status superior, and suppression of gestures and touching. These behaviors display decreased animatedness and freedom, as well as increased effort, and increased submissiveness. In contrast, performing intimacy displayed more relaxed and reciprocal body positioning, as well as frequent gestures and touching behaviors. The results call into question analyses of politeness phenomena that solely focus on verbal elements in previous descriptions of Korean deference. Ultimately, our results demonstrate the need for more multimodal studies in politeness research.
Multiresolution Image Classi cation by Hierarchical Modeling with Two Dimensional Hidden Markov Models

The paper is about a multiresolution hidden Markovmodel (MHMM) for classifying images. Each image is represented by feature vectors, which are statistically dependent as modeled by the underlying state process, a multiscale Markov mesh. Unknowns in the model are estimated by maximum likelihood, in particular by employing the EM algorithm. An image is classi ed by nding the optimal set of states with maximum a posteriori probability (MAP). States are then mapped into classes. The multiresolution model enables multiscale information about context to be incorporated into classi cation. Suboptimal algorithms based on the model provide progressive classi cation which greatly speeds up classi cation based on single resolution HMMs.
Conformational analysis: A new approach by means of chemometrics

In conformational analysis, the systematic search method completely maps the space but suffers from the combinatorial explosion problem because the number of conformations increases exponentially with the number of free rotation angles. This study introduces a new methodology of conformational analysis that controls the combinatorial explosion. It is based on a dimensional reduction of the system through the use of principal component analysis. The results are exactly the same as those obtained for the complete search but, in this case, the number of conformations increases only quadratically with the number of free rotation angles. The method is applied to a series of three drugs: omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole—benzimidazoles that suppress gastric‐acid secretion by means of H+, K+‐ATPase enzyme inhibition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 222–236, 2002
PENGARUH KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DAN BERPIKIR LATERAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA PADA MATA KULIAH STRUKTUR ALJABAR

Abstract.The purpose of this study to determinan the influence of learning independence and lateral thingking on mathematical problem solving abilities. This study used survey method with double regretion analysis. The total number of samples as many 30 respondents from grade VII majoring in mathematics education on academic year of 2018/2019. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, data analysis, and test hypotheses used with double regretion. With the hipothesis test, which gave the results: 1) the learning independence give positive effect and significance result to mathematical problem solving abilities. 2) the lateral thingking give positive effect and significance result to mathematical problem solving abilities. 3) Then using double regresion analysis, it was gotten conclusion that there are positive effect and significance from both of learning independence and alsolateral thingking on mathematical problem solving abilities.