Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prescription Opioid Use among Opioid-Naive Women Undergoing Immediate Breast Reconstruction

Background: Cancer patients may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of prolonged opioid use. The authors explored the factors that influence postoperative opioid prescription fills among women following postmastectomy reconstruction. Methods: Using the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases, the authors identified a cohort of 4113 opioid-naive patients undergoing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction between January of 2010 and August of 2014. Outcomes included average daily oral morphine equivalents and the incidence of prolonged opioid fills (between 90 and 120 days after surgery). Using multivariable regression, the authors examined the effect of patient demographic characteristics, reconstructive technique, comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions, and postoperative complications on outcome variables. Results: In this cohort, 90 percent of patients filled opioid prescriptions perioperatively, and 10 percent continued to fill prescriptions beyond 3 months after surgery. Patients with depression were more likely to fill prescriptions of higher average daily oral morphine equivalents (74.2 mg versus 58.3 mg; p < 0.01), and patients with anxiety were more likely to fill opioids for prolonged periods (13.4 percent versus 9.1 percent; p < 0.01). Patients undergoing autologous free flap reconstruction were less likely to fill prescriptions for a prolonged period following surgery (5.9 percent versus 10.2 percent; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Prescription opioid fills are common following breast reconstruction, and 10 percent of all patients continue to fill opioid prescriptions beyond 3 months after surgery. Prolonged fills are influenced by both patient factors and surgical procedure, and attention should be directed toward identifying opioid alternatives when possible. CLINCAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
Nicotine inhaler for smoking cessation.

To the Editor. —In a recent article, Tonnesen et al 1 suggest that a nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation could be implemented in general practitioner offices with high success rates and that it would be "acceptable" to patients. In addition, the program is described as "low intervention. " Results from their study do not support such statements. Their study involved volunteers who were recruited through newspaper advertisements and who were motivated to quit smoking. Furthermore, subjects came to the clinic for a total of eight visits within 1 year, with each visit lasting "from 30 to 60 minutes. " Subjects saw videotapes on smoking cessation, had group instructions about the use of the nicotine inhaler, had assessments with fiscal and biological parameters, and received individual counseling. Such broad and expensive interventions are admirable, but in my practice as well as that of most primary care physicians, I don't think they would be
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in relation to virulence genes and phylogenetic origins among urogenital Escherichia coli isolates from dogs and cats in Japan.

OBJECTIVE To assess the status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), identify extraintestinal virulence factors (VFs) and phylogenetic origins, and analyze relationships among these traits in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolates from companion animals. SAMPLE 104 E coli isolates obtained from urine or genital swab samples collected between 2003 and 2010 from 85 dogs and 19 cats with urogenital infections in Japan. PROCEDURES Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by use of the agar dilution method; a multiplex PCR assay was used for VF gene detection and phylogenetic group assessment. Genetic diversity was evaluated via randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. RESULTS Of the 104 isolates, 45 (43.3%) were resistant to > 2 antimicrobials. Phylogenetically, 64 (61.5%), 22 (21.2%), 13 (12.5%), and 5 (4.8%) isolates belonged to groups B2, D, B1, and A, respectively. Compared with other groups, group B2 isolates were less resistant to all tested antimicrobials and carried the pap, hly, and cnf genes with higher frequency and the aer gene with lower frequency. The aer gene was directly associated and the pap, sfa, hly, and cnf genes were inversely associated with AMR. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis revealed 3 major clusters, comprised mainly of group B1, B2, and D isolates; 2 subclusters of group B2 isolates had different VF and AMR status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE; Prevalences of multidrug resistance and human-like phylogenetic origins among ExPEC isolates from companion animals in Japan were high. It is suggested that VFs, phylogenetic origins, and genetic diversity are significantly associated with AMR in ExPEC.
Nisin‐inducible secretion of a biologically active single‐chain insulin analog by Lactococcus lactis NZ9000

Oral delivery of insulin to diabetic patients is highly desirable because it would be non‐invasive and more closely mimic normal physiology, but this route of administration typically results in low bioavailability due to low pH and enzymatic degradation along the gastrointestinal tract. To explore an alternative approach that may mitigate these obstacles and also facilitate local synthesis of new therapeutic protein molecules in the small intestine, we engineered the food‐grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis (NZ9000) for nisin‐inducible expression and secretion of a bioactive single‐chain insulin (SCI) analog, SCI‐57. We show that the addition of nisin during early‐log phase has a modest inhibitory effect on cell growth but induction during mid‐log phase has a negligible impact on proliferation, suggesting a tradeoff between cell growth rate and duration of induction. We find that a signal peptide such as usp45 is necessary for secretion of SCI‐57 into the medium; furthermore, we demonstrate that this secreted SCI‐57 is biologically active, as assessed by the ability of conditioned L. lactis medium to stimulate Akt signaling in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Finally, we show that the biological activity of SCI‐57 was enhanced by near‐neutral or slightly alkaline pH during induction, which is comparable to the pH in the small intestine, and by removal of a C‐terminal purification tag. This study demonstrates that food‐grade bacteria can be engineered to secrete bioactive insulin analogs and opens up the possibility of oral insulin delivery using live microorganisms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1987–1996. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personality Factors in a Random Sample of the Population

A Gallup Poll quota sample of 600 English males and 598 English females was administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and a factor analysis made of the intercorrelations between items, for men and women separately. The results were compared with the results obtained from the original standardization groups, in order to study the influence that attention to sampling might have on factor composition, reliabilities, factor intercorrelations, etc. Indices of factor comparison were all above . 98, and all other comparisons, including means and SDs, showed very similar results for the two samples. Correlations between personality factors and socio-economic status were very small; those with age somewhat larger and in the same direction as those in the original sample.
Developing and Integrating Theory on School Bullying

ABSTRACT Given the number of factors involved in bullying, the range ofexplanatory theory upon which one might draw is vast. Not only might one consider factors within the family, the individual, the peer group, the school and the community, but each of these could be considered from a number of different perspectives. This paper explores the issues for both the individual practitioner/researcher and for the field as a whole in developing and integrating theory in relation to school bullying. Interviews with 11 psychologists expert in the field of school bullying discussed their opinions about the current public body of knowledge and their personal approach to developing a personal understanding of bullying. The findings are organised within a problem solving framework.
Effect of Selected Antiasthmatic Plant Constituents Against Micro Organism Causing Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Most exacerbations of asthma can be proven to be associated with bacterial infections and there is scientific evidence that frequent respiratory infections particularly bacterial infections provoke asthma attack. Considering these facts different plant extracts and phytoconstituents with proven anti asthmatic property had been selected for screening anti microbial activity in in-vitro models. In the present study, Coleus forskohlii Willd. extract (10% Forskolin), Piper Longum L. Extract (20% Piperine), Adathoda vasica Nees. extract (30% Vasicinone), Curcuma longa L. extract (60% Curcumin) were screened for the antibacterial activity against human pathogens causing upper respiratory infection namely Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Streptococcus pyrogene and Staphylococcus aureus, by taking Gentamycin, Optochin, Bacitracin and Amoxicillin as reference standards. Except for Adathoda vasica Nees. extract, all the other selected plant extracts exhibited a moderate activity antibacterial activity against selected strains.
Students' political engagement: a comprehensive study of University of Ottawa undergraduate students

This article comprehensively examines the level and patterns of political participation of University of Ottawa (U-Ottawa) undergraduate students. Based on a self-administered survey of 570 undergraduate students of all disciplines, I find that U-Ottawa students show high degrees of political interest and involvement (e.g. the average U-Ottawa student regularly informs him- or herself about politics and one out of two students habitually engages in political actions). Pertaining to the factors that drive political interest and involvement, I discover complex engagement patterns. I find that the student's program of study, year of study, academic performance, and payment of his or her own tuition – as well as the political participation of the parents impact an individual's political interest, which then increases his or her likelihood to become politically involved.
Space-Time Residual-Based A Posteriori Estimators for the A−ϕ Magnetodynamic Formulation of the Maxwell System

Abstract In this paper, an a posteriori residual error estimator is proposed for the A−ϕ magnetodynamic Maxwell system given in its potential and space/time formulation and solved by a finite element method. The reliability as well as the efficiency of the estimator are established for several norms. Then, numerical tests are performed, allowing to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
Patterns of Ethnic Marriage in the United States

Using data from the November 1979 Current Population Survey on ethnic ancestry this paper examines the strength and patterns of ethnic intermarriage in the United States investigating some of the implications of rising intermarriage rates. After noting the infrequency of marriages across the dividing line of European/non-European ancestry we focus on marriages between individuals of European (or American Indian) ancestry. The authors use a log-linear modeling strategy to identify some major factors influencing intermarriage including group size mixed or single ancestry and degree of ethnic relatedness. With regard to the rising rate of intermarriage among white ethnic groups it is noted that "even though persons of unmixed ancestry still exhibit fairly strong tendencies to marry endogamously a shift in the relative frequency of mixed versus unmixed ancestry is reducing the sizes of the categories with the strongest in-marriage tendencies and increasing the sizes of those with weaker such tendencies. " (EXCERPT)
A novel approach for removing the hook effect artefact from Electrical Bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements

Very often in Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) spectroscopy measurements the presence of stray capacitances creates a measurement artefact commonly known as Hook Effect. Such an artefact creates a hook-alike deviation of the EBI data noticeable when representing the measurement on the impedance plane. Such Hook Effect is noticeable at high frequencies but it also causes a data deviation at lower measurement frequencies. In order to perform any accurate analysis of the EBI spectroscopy data, the influence of the Hook Effect must be removed. An established method to compensate the hook effect is the well known Td compensation, which consists on multiplying the obtained spectrum, Zmeas(ω) by a complex exponential in the form of exp[jωTd]. Such a method cannot correct entirely the Hook Effect since the hook-alike deviation occurs a broad frequency range in both magnitude and phase of the measured impedance, and by using a scalar value for Td. First a scalar only modifies the phase of the measured impedance and second, a single value can truly corrects the Hook Effect only at a single frequency. In addition, the process to select a value for the scalar Td by an iterative process with the aim to obtain the best Cole fitting lacks solid scientific grounds. In this work the Td compensation method is revisited and a modified approach for correcting the Hook Effect including a novel method for selecting the correcting values is proposed. The initial validation results confirm that the proposed method entirely corrects the Hook Effect at all frequencies.
Efficacy and Outcome Expectations Influence Career Exploration and Decidedness.

In this multiple regression model, self-efficacy beliefs are the best predictor of career indecision, and outcome expectations are the best predictor of exploration intentions. When indecision was entered as a predictor, it also was a significant predictor of exploration intentions—students who were less decided were also more likely to plan career exploration. Career efficacy and outcome expectations relate significantly more strongly within the group of college men than within the group of college women. Implications for social cognitive career theory and practice are discussed.
DENSELY ORDERED BRAID SUBGROUPS

Dehornoy showed that the Artin braid groups Bn are left-orderable. This ordering is discrete, but we show that, for n > 2 the Dehornoy ordering, when restricted to certain natural subgroups, becomes a dense ordering. Among subgroups which arise are the commutator subgroup and the kernel of the Burau representation (for those n for which the kernel is nontrivial). These results follow from a characterization of least positive elements of any normal subgroup of Bn which is discretely ordered by the Dehornoy ordering.
Phase-specific relationships between team learning processes and transactive memory development

With this study we seek to contribute to the research on the emergence of transactive memory, that is, the knowledge of “who knows what”, as part of the structural component of transactive memory systems (TMSs). Based on our theoretical model of team learning and transactive memory development, we analyse the relationships among different team learning behaviours and transactive memory during various phases of team development. We use a longitudinal design with three points of measurement at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of a semester, to examine real student project teams over their full life cycle. The results support our presumptions of phase-specific influences of team learning behaviours on transactive memory development. This shows that knowledge-based processes (storage and retrieval) play a more important role during early stages of project-based teamwork, followed by a shift to a higher relevance of communication-based processes (reflection and co-construction) in later stages. Implications for further research and team management phenomena are discussed.
'She's 16 years old and there's boys calling over to the house': An exploratory study of sexual socialization in Latino families

Compared to other ethnic groups in the USA, Latino populations are at high risk for negative sexual outcomes, including unplanned pregnancy and HIV/AIDS infection. The goal of this study was to explore the role of cultural beliefs and values in sexual socialization by focusing on the family socialization of adolescent romantic and sexual behaviour described by 22 Latina/Hispanic women who took part in in-depth individual interviews. Four broad themes were explored: Parental concerns regarding dating, family communication about sexual issues, family rules about dating, and actual dating and sexual experiences. Consistent with traditional cultural views, female romantic involvement outside of marriage was described as potentially dishonourable to the family. Because US-style dating was seen as a violation of traditional courtship styles, most of the respondents' families placed strict boundaries on adolescent sociosexual interaction. As a result, many respondents described adolescent experiences of dating characterized by tension and conflict, and reported vulnerability in eventual sexual encounters. In order to better understand the sexual behaviour of young Latina women in the USA, researchers must examine sexual socialization within the family of origin and take parents' culturally-influenced beliefs and practises into account.
A vision-based formation control framework

The invention relates to a rack for electronic plug-in units, comprising a backplane. The backplane comprises at least one connector to which a connector provided in the electronic plug-in unit connects when the plug-in unit is pushed into the rack. The backplane is attached to the rack with a fastener made of a resilient material. A moment arm is formed between a point which attaches the fastener to the rack and the backplane. When the plug-in unit is pushed into the rack, there is a tolerance for alignment of the connectors enabling connection of the connectors. Furthermore, when the plug-in unit is in the rack, the mobility of the backplane prevents the connectors and/or the backplane from breaking as the rack moves.
Health Promotion in Sport Coaching: Coaches and Young Male Athletes' Evaluations on the Health Promotion Activity of Coaches

Sport coaches have paradoxical attitudes towards addressing health promotion as a part of their coaching practice: health is recognized as an important factor, but not greatly invested in. Overall, the extent to which youth sport coaches take health promotion into account has been unclear. Therefore, it is the intention of this study to clarify this situation. The results show that coaches evaluate their own activity on health promotion as being relatively active, whereas young male athletes' evaluations reveal a wide gap in how they perceived the coaches' activity. Young male athletes perceived their coaches as being substantially more passive in comparison to coaches' self-evaluations. This difference may indicate either that coaches' health promotion activity is generally infrequent or that what is done is broadly ineffective. Either way, as the global health-related problems of decreasing physical activity, increasing sedentary lifestyles, and obesity are all issues affecting youths attending sports clubs, arguably there is a need for youth sport coaches to invest more in health promotion activities. However, the coaches need more support from the sports clubs.
Spectral Lags of Gamma-Ray Bursts From Ginga and BATSE

The analysis of spectral lag between energy bands, which combines temporal and spectral analyses, can add strict constraints to gamma-ray burst (GRB) models. In previous studies, the lag analysis focused on the lags between channel 1 (25-57 keV) and channel 3 (115-320 keV) from the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE). In this Letter, we analyzed the cross-correlation average lags (including approximate uncertainties) between energy bands for two GRB samples: 19 events detected by Ginga and 109 events detected by BATSE. We paid special attention to the BATSE GRBs with known redshifts because there has been a reported connection between lag and luminosity. This extends our knowledge of spectral lags to lower energy (~2 keV). We found that lags between energy bands are small. The lag between the peak of ~50 keV photons and that of ~200 keV photons is ~0.08 s. The upper limit in the lag between ~9 and ~90 keV photons is ~0.5 s. Thus, there are not large shifts at low energy. We found that about 20% of GRBs have detectable lags between energy bands in the Ginga and BATSE samples. From the internal shock model, we found that there are three sources of time structure in GRB pulses: cooling, hydrodynamics, and angular effects. We argue that cooling is much too fast to account for our observed lags and that angular effects are independent of energy. Thus, only hydrodynamics can produce these lags. Perhaps the radiation process varies as the reverse shock moves through the shell.
Demographic Impacts on the Future Supply of Vocational Skills

A study was conducted to assess the requirement of vocational skills for the future due to the ageing Australian population. Results revealed that possession of vocational skills does not always mean employment within that area of work while those working in skilled or semi-skilled job have not necessarily learned the trade but picked up skills through experience or on-the-job learning.
NEUROTROPHIC CONTROL OF LIMB REGENERATION IN THE NEWT *

There are many animals that regenerate lost external body parts; however, when the wound stump is denervated and the denervated condition maintained for a prolonged period, regeneration does not occur. This neurotrophic phenomenon is demonstrated most readily in regeneration of the limb in amphibians, particularly larval and adult newts and salamanders. These animals regenerate their limbs after amputation, and the new part resembles the old in structure and function. The sequence in regeneration repeats the phases of limb embryogenesis (reviewed by Singer16 and Thornton29). After a period of healing and closure of the wound with a thickened epithelium, internal soft tissues of the wound region gradually dissolve and mesenchyme-like cells simultaneously appear. In a short time the cells form a mound (blastema) resembling a benign tumor (FIGURE 1). There follows a period of rapid enlargement during which are formed successively a conically elongate structure; then a bend, reflecting elbow formation and accompanied by flattening of the distal end to anticipate the new hand; and finally the tiny rudiments of fingers, which gradually lengthen as successive phalanges are formed. Accompanying morphogenesis is a sweep of cellular and tissue differentiation beginning at about the conical stage and extending distally as the form of the limb emerges (FIGURE 2). During all these stages and, indeed, as early as two days after amputation, regenerating nerve fibers pervade the wound and regenerating tissues. If the limb stump is denervated at the time of amputation or when the regenerate is in the blastemal stage, regeneration is blocked and the denervated blastema is resorbed. Unlike other neurotrophic phenomena, the dependence of regeneration on the nerve is easily demonstrated. For this reason reports appeared in the li-terature some time before demonstration of neurotrophic control in other systems. Indeed, the first report that nerves control limb regeneration was in 1823.28 The early regenerate is a particularly instructive model for neurotrophic studies because it is an undifferentiated structure (FIGURE 1) at the time when the nerve exerts a maximal effect on its growth. The variable of functional loss (for example, disuse atrophy and loss of protective reflexes) is therefore not as important as in other neurotrophic phenomena. The regenerate is also a useful model because the limb is innervated by sensory and motor fibers, and the neurotrophic effects of these nervous components can be evaluated individually. In other trophic phenomena, with few exceptions, the end organ is innervated by only one component-motor, sen-