Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is there evidence for dimension two corrections in QCD two point functions

The ALEPH data on the (non-strange) vector and axial-vector spectral functions, extracted from tau-lepton decays, is used in order to search for evidence for a dimension-two contribution, $C_{2 V,A}$, to the Operator Product Expansion (other than $d=2$ quark mass terms). This is done by means of a dimension-two Finite Energy Sum Rule, which relates QCD to the experimental hadronic information. The average $C_{2} \equiv (C_{2V} + C_{2A})/2$ is remarkably stable against variations in the continuum threshold, but depends rather strongly on $\Lambda_{QCD}$. Given the current wide spread in the values of $\Lambda_{QCD}$, as extracted from different experiments, we would conservatively conclude from our analysis that $C_{2}$ is consistent with zero.
An Experimental Analysis of Change Propagation in Dynamic Trees

Change propagation is a technique for automatically adjusting the output of an algorithm to changes in the input. The idea behind change propagation is to track the dependences between data and function calls, so that, when the input changes, functions affected by that change can be re-executed to update the computation and the output. Change propagation makes it possible for a compiler to dynamize static algorithms. The practical effectiveness of change propagation, however, is not known. In particular, the cost of dependence tracking and change propagation may seem significant. The contributions of the paper are twofold. First, we present some experimental evidence that change propagation performs well when compared to direct implementations of dynamic algorithms. We implement change propagation on tree-contraction as a solution to the dynamic trees problem and present an experimental evaluation of the approach. As a second contribution, we present a library for dynamic-trees that support a general interface and present an experimental evaluation by considering a broad set of applications. The dynamic-trees library relies on change propagation to handle edge insertions/deletions. The applications that we consider include path queries, subtree queries, leastcommon-ancestor queries, maintenance of centers and medians of trees, nearest-marked-vertex queries, semidynamic minimum spanning trees, and the max-flow algorithm of Sleator and Tarjan.
Experimental congestive heart failure produced by rapid ventricular pacing in the dog: cardiac effects.

Chronic rapid ventricular pacing in the dog reportedly produces a useful preparation of low-output heart failure. However, little information is available regarding cardiac changes in this preparation. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of both short-term (3 weeks) and prolonged (2 months) rapid ventricular pacing on cardiac hemodynamics, mass, and chamber size. The effects of short-term pacing on left ventricular wall thickening, blood flow, and metabolism were also examined. Compared with 16 control dogs, dogs paced for either 3 weeks (n = 8) or 2 months (n = 13) exhibited reduced cardiac outputs (control 130 +/- 20 ml/min/kg, 3 week pacing 112 +/- 19 ml/min/kg, 2 month pacing 116 +/- 14 ml/min/kg) and elevated pulmonary wedge pressures (control 10 +/- 3 mm Hg, 3 week pacing 26 +/- 5 mm Hg, 2 month pacing 26 +/- 8 mm Hg) and right atrial pressures (control 4 +/- 1 mm Hg, 3 week pacing 13 +/- 3 mm Hg, 2 month pacing 9 +/- 3 mm Hg) (all p less than .01 vs control). At the postmortem examination, both groups of paced dogs also exhibited increased left ventricular volumes (control 13 +/- 6 ml, 3 week pacing 27 +/- 6 ml, 2 month pacing 26 +/- 8 ml), right ventricular volumes (control 13 +/- 5 ml, 3 week pacing 27 +/- 9, 2 month pacing 24 +/- 7 ml), and right ventricular mass (control 27 +/- 5 g, 3 week pacing 32 +/- 6 g, 2 month pacing 34 +/- 6 g) (all p less than .03 vs control) but had normal left ventricular mass. Three weeks of pacing also decreased percent left ventricular shortening (34 +/- 6% to 17 +/- 7%) associated with a disproportionate deterioration of posterior wall thickening (58 +/- 16% to 17 +/- 18%) (both p less than .01), as assessed by echocardiography. This left ventricular dysfunction was associated with no change in myocardial lactate extraction (prepacing 40 +/- 10%, 3 week pacing 36 +/- 10%), myocardial arteriovenous O2 difference, or myocardial histology, suggesting that it was not due to myocardial ischemia. These data indicate that rapid ventricular pacing in the dog produces a useful experimental preparation of low-output heart failure characterized by biventricular pump dysfunction, biventricular cardiac dilation, and nonischemic impairment of left ventricular contractility.
Early Affiliation and Social Engagement With Peers

The authors of this article sought to determine how poor peer social relationships are related to children's future depressive behaviors. They used direct observations of disengagement in a peer social setting, a peer nomination measure of peer affiliates, and teacher reports of depressive behaviors during kindergarten and first grade to model risk for depressive behaviors in the third/fourth grades. Dependable and enduring peer affiliations in kindergarten were significantly negatively associated with a multi-informant construct of depressive behaviors at the higher grade for both girls and boys. Disengagement was positively related to depressive behaviors for girls but not for boys.
Bounded distortion mapping spaces for triangular meshes

The problem of mapping triangular meshes into the plane is fundamental in geometric modeling, where planar deformations and surface parameterizations are two prominent examples. Current methods for triangular mesh mappings cannot, in general, control the worst case distortion of all triangles nor guarantee injectivity. This paper introduces a constructive definition of generic convex spaces of piecewise linear mappings with guarantees on the maximal conformal distortion, as-well as local and global injectivity of their maps. It is shown how common geometric processing objective functionals can be restricted to these new spaces, rather than to the entire space of piecewise linear mappings, to provide a bounded distortion version of popular algorithms.
Alcohol, Ethnicity, and Violence: The Role of Alcohol Availability for Latino and Black Aggravated Assaults and Robberies

This article is one of the first to assess the impact of alcohol availability, an important but understudied neighborhood element, and other social disorganization measures for Latino and black aggravated assault and robbery victimizations. Using data from Miami, Florida, for 1996 and 1997, we find that although most predictors have similar effects on the outcomes for both groups, higher alcohol availability rates are associated with more Latino but not black victims. To explain this finding, we relate the criminogenic influence of alcohol to contextual features of Latino and black neighborhoods, thereby integrating qualitative observations and quantitative data. Higher concentrations of recent immigrants are also related to fewer black assault victims, more Latino assault victims, but not to robberies for either group.
TRIF-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling suppresses Scd1 transcription in hepatocytes and prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis

A TRIF-dependent pathway that restricts viral infection also prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis. TRIF against fatty liver Viral detection by TLR pathways triggers inflammatory responses, which generally aggravate metabolic diseases. However, Chen et al. found that the TLR signaling adaptor TRIF in hepatocytes, rather than myeloid cells, limited diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. TRIF activation downstream of TLR3 led to the transcriptional suppression of Scd1, which encodes a key lipogenic enzyme. Viral RNA and mimetics activate TLR3, and application of RNA generated by adipose tissue prevented the increase in SCD1 abundance and the enhanced triglyceride accumulation that normally occurs in hepatocytes exposed to palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid that is enriched in high-fat diets. The authors note that the hepatitis C virus co-opts host lipogenesis to ensure its replication and that TRIF-mediated suppression of Scd1 transcription may therefore serve to limit viral infection of hepatocytes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of diseases that ranges in severity from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, the latter of which is a major predisposing factor for liver cirrhosis and cancer. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which is critical for innate immunity, is generally believed to aggravate disease progression by inducing inflammation. Unexpectedly, we found that deficiency in TIR domain–containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), a cytosolic adaptor that transduces some TLR signals, worsened hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and that such exacerbation was independent of myeloid cells. The aggravated steatosis in Trif−/− mice was due to the increased hepatocyte transcription of the gene encoding stearoyl–coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase 1 (SCD1), the rate-limiting enzyme for lipogenesis. Activation of the TRIF pathway by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] suppressed the increase in SCD1 abundance induced by palmitic acid or an HFD and subsequently prevented lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a transcriptional regulator downstream of TRIF, acted as a transcriptional suppressor by directly binding to the Scd1 promoter. These results suggest an unconventional metabolic function for TLR/TRIF signaling that should be taken into consideration when seeking to pharmacologically inhibit this pathway.
Policy Communities and Discourse Coalitions

The role of ideas in policy processes is rather neglected in most analyses of economic policy making. This article synthesizes the main concerns of two bodies of literature that, despite their many differences, both address the process of policy formation: the first is institutional in character, exploring the way in which state agencies organize political participation; the second emphasizes the cognitive or symbolic aspects of policy debates. In particular, attention is paid to the way in which policy making is affected by the interaction of political institutions and discourse structures. More specifically, the article analyzes how different types of discourse coalitions shape the prospects for policy change and policy learning.
The effects of structured writing assignments on overcoming major stressful events: an uncontrolled study

In the present study the effectiveness of writing assignments in the treatment of individuals who have suffered traumatic or stressful life events is investigated. Thirty-two undergraduates participated in the study. The treatment consisted of five writing sessions of 45 min duration that took place over a period of 2 weeks. Immediately following the intervention, subjects showed significant improvement in their ratings of depression, anxiety and fear. The positive effects of the treatment were still evident after a period of 8 weeks. Two possible explanations of the beneficial effects of writing assignments are discussed: self-confrontation and cognitive reappraisal. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating Identity and Instrumental Approaches to Intergroup Differentiation: Different Contexts, Different Motives

In two experiments, the authors examined the interplay of two functions of intergroup differentiation: an identity function (obtaining a distinct and meaningful social identity) and an instrumental function (advancing group goals). In Experiment 1, in minimal and thus relatively meaningless groups, participants differentiate (identity function), but those with a group goal differentiated more strongly later on than those without (instrumental function). In Experiment 2, both the possibility to differentiate and the presence of a group goal were manipulated orthogonally. Highest differentiation (and cohesion and identification) resulted in the minimal condition (no goal, no prior differentiation opportunity) and in the instrumental condition (goal and prior differentiation opportunity). Mediation analyses and a group effort measure provided evidence for the different functions proposed to underlie differentiation in these two cases. The authors propose an integration between social identity and interdependence approaches to group differentiation: Different conditions promote differentiation for different reasons.
Social Information in the Retail Environment: The Importance of Consumption Alignment, Referent Identity, and Self-Esteem

This research focuses on understanding when low body esteem consumers are most likely to engage in negative social comparisons and examines how this process influences product evaluations. In a series of three studies, we find that two pieces of social information are needed for negative comparisons in a retail environment to occur: (1) an attractive social referent must be actively consuming (i.e., wearing) the product and (2) the consumer must also be actively consuming (i.e., wearing) the product. If only one of these conditions holds, there is no alignment in consumption, and a negative comparison does not occur. Importantly, we also show that the identity of the social referent is critical to these effects. By identifying key factors that determine when comparative information will influence consumers, this research highlights how marketing strategies impact the consumer inside and outside of the retail environment.
The Effects of Learning Goal Difficulty Level and Cognitive Ability on Performance

The relationship between the difficulty level of a learning goal and a person's (N = 146) performance on a task that required the acquisition of knowledge to perform effectively was examined. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the higher the learning goal, the higher the person's performance. Cognitive ability and goal commitment also positively affected performance. The results showed that the person's cognitive ability moderated the learning goal-performance relationship. Contrary to previous research findings on performance goals for tasks that are straightforward for people, the performance of individuals lower in cognitive ability was more positively affected by the setting of a difficult learning goal than was the case for people higher in cognitive ability.
Albumin Treatment Reduces in Vitro Platelet Deposition to Pmma Dialysis Membrane

We investigated in an in vitro system the effect of albumin on the interaction between circulating platelets and artificial membranes used for hemodialysers. Using a recently described method we evaluated platelet adhesion to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and cuprophan (CU) hollow-fibers. Deposition of washed radiolabelled platelets on these two membranes was measured in small dialysis filters with or without previous perfusion with an albumin solution. Also measured was the amount of albumin that adhered to the membranes after perfusion of the filters with radiolabelled albumin. Platelet deposition to PMMA was significantly reduced by albumin treatment (from 1070 ± 498 to 296 ± 174 plt/mm2, P < 0.01). Platelet deposition on the CU membrane was comparable with and without albumin pre-perfusion (141 ± 70 vs. 152 ± 100 plt/mm2). Deposition of radiolabelled albumin was higher on PMMA than on CU membrane. Thus, higher adborption of this protein, observed in our in vitro system, might explain the lower platelet deposition found on the PMMA rather than on the CU membrane. These results suggest that platelet interactions with PMMA during dialysis could be improved by treating the dialyser with albumin before blood contact. However, before this treatment is used clinically further experimental studies are required to confirm that our in vitro observation also applies to in vivo conditions.
Pragmatic Psychodynamic Psychotherapy—Bridging Contemporary Psychoanalytic Clinical Practice and Evidence-Based Psychodynamic Practice

Pragmatic psychodynamic psychotherapy (PPP; Summers & Barber, 2009) describes the therapeutic principles and approaches found in many forms of manualized psychodynamic psychotherapies, which are being used in research studies with the aim of building an evidence-based psychodynamic practice. This article focuses on one such treatment, Supportive-expressive psychotherapy (SEP; Luborsky 1984), which employs the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) method to formulate core interpersonal problems and treatment goals and identify therapeutic interventions. To illustrate SEP, we describe the 40-session treatment of a patient who met diagnostic criteria for several personality disorders. The case illustrates how complex ego-syntonic character pathology is expressed in CCRT terms and worked through in the transference, gradually becoming ego-dystonic and amenable to modification. In this case, the patient became more aware of his interpersonal wishes and vulnerability. Although his anxiety increased somewhat, he had an improvement in psychosocial functioning.
Disturbance Margin for Quantifying Limits on Power Smoothing by Wind Turbines

Wind turbines can, in principle, be operated to smooth wind power fluctuations by allowing wider variations in turbine speed and generator torque to store and release energy. This ability must be constrained by turbine speed and generator torque limits. To present, work in the literature is conceptual and does not indicate what extent of smoothing is possible before component limits are reached, nor does it quantify sensitivity to variations in the input wind speed. This paper introduces a method for quantifying how much wind variation a wind turbine can absorb in variable speed mode while still being guaranteed to operate within its component limits. One can apply this method to obtain the dependence of maximum tolerable wind disturbance on the smoothing time constant, and thus make design decisions. This paper shows that the analysis of torque speed intersections, as standardly applied in electric machine theory, is of limited use for studying power smoothing. The new conclusions and design choices made available by the proposed method are illustrated with a series of computation examples. The method is shown to agree asymptotically with two limiting cases that can be calculated based on torque-intersection analysis. The method is based on new theory for computing invariance kernels for nonlinear planar systems, and can be adapted to assess the robustness of other control laws.
Does Completion of Juvenile Drug Court Deter Adult Criminality?

Juvenile drug courts have been developed with the explicit mission of reducing juvenile substance use and related delinquency, and adult crime. Research has shown that juvenile drug courts continue to be popular and effective alternatives to other juvenile court initiatives in terms of decreasing juvenile recidivism. This study is the first to focus on the link between juvenile drug court participation and conviction for adult crime. The juvenile records of 79 former juvenile drug court participants in Tennessee were compared with their adult criminal convictions. Our findings indicate that graduating from juvenile drug court reduced adult felonies, but not misdemeanors, Racial differences between Whites and non-Whites were noted.
Diffuse Infiltrative Splenic Lymphoma: Diagnostic Efficacy of Arterial-Phase CT

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of obliteration of normal heterogeneous enhancement of the spleen (ONHES) on arterial phase (AP) computed tomography (CT) images in diffuse infiltrative splenic lymphoma (DISL). Materials and Methods One hundred and thirty-six patients with lymphoma who had undergone two-phase (arterial and portal venous) abdominal CT were included in this study. We retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic performance of ONHES on AP CT in diagnosing DISL. Two observers evaluated ONHES on AP CT using the 5-point confidence level and assessed the presence or absence of subjective splenomegaly on axial CT images. Another two observers measured the splenic index as proposed by objective CT criteria. Statistical analysis included interobserver agreement and diagnostic performance of CT findings. Results Eleven of the 136 patients with lymphoma had DISL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of ONHES (0.948 for observer 1 and 0.922 for observer 2) was superior to that of the splenic index (0.872 for observer 3 and 0.877 for observer 4), but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The diagnostic performance of ONHES in conjunction with subjective splenomegaly showed higher diagnostic performance, as compared with subjective splenomegaly alone (accuracy: 100% and 85.3% for observer 1, 98.5% and 87.5% for observer 2; positive predictive value: 100% and 35.5% for observer 1, 90.9% and 39.3% for observer 2, respectively). Conclusion Obliteration of normal heterogeneous enhancement of the spleen in conjunction with subjective splenomegaly can improve the diagnostic performance for DISL. Our results suggest that ONHES on AP CT images could be useful as an adjunctive diagnostic indicator of DISL in patients with lymphoma.
Cache Insertion Policies to Reduce Bus Traffic and Cache Conflicts

The distribution of the number of references to different me mory words is highly skewed, with most addresses being referenced only a very small numbe r of times, while others are referenced often. This motivates the definition of cache insertion policies, which will identify cache lines that are likely to be reused, by examining a small window of the most recent memory accesses. Such a framework can filter out those accesses t hat only pollute the cache. We show that a 64-entry fully associative filter can be very effe ctiv for both DL1 and IL1 caches, and leads to substantial reductions in the miss rate, the ave rage memory access time, and the traffic between the L1 and L2 caches. Specifically, when using the SPEC 2000 benchmarks, we reduce the DL1 misses by a maximum of 57%, and 9% when averag ing on all the benchmarks. Furthermore, we reduce the traffic between the L1 and L 2 cache by a maximum of 30% and 7% on average. This is especially important in emerging m ulti-core processors in which the cores share the L2 cache.
An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Ginkgo biloba Extracts for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBEs) have been recommended to improve cognitive function and to prevent cognitive decline, but earlier evidence was inconclusive. Here, we evaluated all systematic reviews of GBEs for prevention of cognitive decline, and intervention of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Six databases from their inception to September 2015 were searched. Ten systematic reviews were identified, including reviews about Alzheimer's disease (n = 3), about vascular dementia (n = 1), about both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (n = 2), about Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia (n = 3), and a review about MCI (n = 1). Based on the overview quality assessment questionnaire, eight studies were scored with at least 5 points, while the other two scored 4 points and 3 points, respectively. Medication with GBEs showed improvement in cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and daily activities, and the effect was dose-dependent. Efficacy was convincingly demonstrated only when high daily dose (240 mg) was applied. Compared with placebo, overall adverse events and serious adverse events were at the same level as placebo, with less adverse events in favor of GBE in the subgroup of Alzheimer's disease patients, and fewer incidences in vertigo, tinnitus, angina pectoris, and headache. In conclusion, there is clear evidence to support the efficacy of GBEs for MCI and dementia, whereas the question on efficacy to prevent cognitive decline is still open. In addition, GBEs seem to be generally safe.