Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser diffraction studies of sarcomere dynamics during ‘isometric’ relaxation in isolated muscle fibres of the frog

1. A study has been made of changes in sarcomere length and tension which occur during relaxation from isometric (‘fixed ends’) tetani in isolated muscle fibres of the frog. Sarcomere lengths were calculated from measurements of the separation of the zero‐to‐first‐order intensity maxima in diffraction patterns generated by illuminating small segments of fibre with a He—Ne laser. Diffraction spectra were recorded continuously on cine‐film using the method of ‘streak’ photography.
How Do Firms Learn to Make Acquisitions? A Review of Past Research and an Agenda for the Future

How do firms learn to successfully acquire other firms? The authors first review early work, mostly from the 1980s to the mid-1990s, testing the learning curve perspective on acquisitions and exploring some contingencies. They then discuss three more recent streams of research on negative experience transfer, deliberate learning mechanisms, and learning from others, which provide deeper insight into the contingencies and mechanisms of organizational learning in strategic settings such as acquisitions. The article concludes with an agenda for future research.
Superiority and susceptibility: How activist audiences imagine the influence of mainstream news messages on self and others

This article examines how US activists articulated the third-person effect, a widespread perception that others are more influenced by media messages than the self is. The discursive, qualitative approach used here contrasts with surveys and experiments prevalent in TPE research: groups watched a news program and responded to non-directional questions in a naturalistic setting. Group members, who reported feeling better informed about current events than the average person, alternately identified themselves as invulnerable and vulnerable to media influence. Discourse analysis showed participants using the pronoun ‘they’ to distinguish themselves from the mass audience; however, they also used ‘I’, ‘we’ and ‘you’ to convey first-person and second-person perceptions, suggesting multiple and shifting identifications. This study reveals three conversational strategies — role-playing, inventing dialogue and posing hypothetical statements — through which even people who feel a sense of ‘media superiority’ over others imagine themselves being susceptible to mainstream news. The results, derived from a context allowing people to express mobile and conflicting identities, have implications both for communication scholarship and for social-change agents.
Intonation influences processing and recall of left-dislocation sentences by indicating topic vs. focus status of dislocated referent

We tested the effects of two intonation contours on the processing and cued recall of German sentences with a left-dislocated subject vs. object: (i) a rising accent on the dislocated phrase, followed by a rising-falling hat contour on the main clause; (ii) a falling accent on the dislocated phrase, followed by a falling accent plus subsequent deaccentuation. The contours had differential effects depending on the grammatical function of the dislocated phrase (subject/object) and, for the recall, on the cue type for the recall (subject/object), in certain conditions overriding the subject-before-object preference normally found in processing. To account for the findings, we propose: (1) Contour (i) signals the topic status of the referent of the dislocated phrase. Contour (ii) signals that referent's focus status. (2) Topics are referents that serve as an address in a structured discourse representation in working memory under which information about that referent is stored. (3) Subjects are default topics, whereas objects are not, so that topic-marking an object is motivated, which results in an object-before-subject preference for sentences with topical objects during processing. (4) Retrieval of information from an address incurs a lower processing load if the appropriate address is cued than if some other referent is cued.
Empirical and Theoretical Conclusions of an Analysis of Outcomes of HIV-Prevention Interventions

Over two decades of HIV-prevention attempts have generated a most impressive ecological data set for the test of behavioral-change and persuasion theories in the domain of condom use. An analysis of this evidence has yielded five important empirical and theoretical conclusions. First, interventions are more successful at achieving immediate knowledge and motivational change than they are at achieving immediate behavioral change. Second, the immediate motivational change decays over time, whereas behavior change increases over the same period. Third, interventions that engage audiences in particular activities, such as role-playing condom use, are more effective than presentations of materials to passive audiences. Fourth, interventions consistent with the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, with self-efficacy models, and with information-motivation and behavioral-skills models prove effective, whereas interventions designed to induce fear do not. Fifth, expert intervention facilitators are more effective than lay community members in almost all cases. When populations are unempowered, expert facilitators are particularly effective, and they are most effective if they also share the gender and ethnicity of the target audience.
Altering Knee Abduction Angular Impulse Using Wedged Insoles for Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain in Runners: A Six-Week Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective Determine if a change in internal knee abduction angular impulse (KAAI) is related to pain reduction for runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP) by comparing lateral and medial wedge insole interventions, and increased KAAI and decreased KAAI groups. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID# NCT01332110). Setting Biomechanics laboratory and community. Patients Thirty-six runners with physician-diagnosed PFP enrolled in the trial, and 27 were analyzed. Interventions Runners with PFP were randomly assigned to either an experimental 3 mm lateral wedge or control 6 mm medial wedge group. Participants completed a biomechanical gait analysis to quantify KAAIs with their assigned insole, and then used their assigned insole for six-weeks during their regular runs. Usual pain during running was measured at baseline and at six-week follow-up using a visual analog scale. Statistical tests were performed to identify differences between wedge types, differences between biomechanical response types (i.e. increase or decrease KAAI), as well as predictors of pain reduction. Main Outcome Measures Percent change in KAAI relative to neutral, and % change in pain over six weeks. Results Clinically meaningful reductions in pain (>33%) were measured for both footwear groups; however, no significant differences between footwear groups were found (p = 0.697). When participants were regrouped based on KAAI change (i.e., increase or decrease), again, no significant differences in pain reduction were noted (p = 0.146). Interestingly, when evaluating absolute change in KAAI, a significant relationship between absolute % change in KAAI and % pain reduction was observed (R 2 = 0.21; p = 0.030), after adjusting for baseline pain levels. Conclusion The greater the absolute % change in KAAI during running, the greater the % reduction in pain over six weeks, regardless of wedge type, and whether KAAIs increased or decreased. Lateral and medial wedge insoles were similar in effectiveness for treatment of PFP. Clinical Relevance Altering KAAI should be a focus of future PFP research. Lateral wedges should be studied further as an alternative therapy to medial wedges for management of PFP. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01332110
Correlates of the Perceived Resolvability and Relational Consequences of Serial Arguing in Dating Relationships: Argumentative Features and the Use of Coping Strategies

Sometimes partners do not resolve an argument in a single episode and engage each other in serial arguing as they repeatedly confront one another over the problem. This study concerns how features of argumentative episodes and coping strategies enacted between episodes are related to perceived resolvability and relational quality. A survey of undergraduates in dating relationships indicated that engaging in relationally confirming behavior during argumentative episodes and making optimistic relational comparisons between episodes were positively related to perceived resolvability and negatively related to relational harm arising from arguing. Although other argumentative features and coping strategies were sometimes related to resolvability and relational harm, relational confirmation and optimistic comparisons were more strongly associated with both.
Cultivating Caring Relationships Between Teachers and Secondary Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Educating secondary students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) is often an overwhelming task that places high demands on teachers. Existing research on effective social-emotional/behavioral and academic interventions for students with EBD is limited but expanding. Unfortunately, school and life outcomes for these students are dismal compared to other students. Certainly, there is much to learn about achieving positive outcomes for students with EBD. This article examines the potential role that caring teacher—student relationships have in achieving better outcomes for students with EBD within their current educational contexts. A rationale for why developing caring teacher—student relationships is important to improved outcomes for students with EBD is presented based on the current literature on caring teacher—student relationships. Potential barriers are delineated, followed by a summary of practices that serve as starting points for developing caring relationships between teachers and students with EBD. Last, research implications are suggested.
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Rapid Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses in a Community Hospital

ABSTRACT An indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) procedure was used for the rapid detection of respiratory viruses in direct clinical specimens and for determining the epidemiology of viruses in a community hospital setting. Viral respiratory diseases were monitored for 10 consecutive respiratory seasons. The Bartels Viral Respiratory Screening and Identification Kit is an IFA method that contains pooled and individual monoclonal antibodies for seven common respiratory viruses. Compared with 8,670 conventional tube cell cultures, IFA staining of direct patient specimens had an overall sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 87.7%. Yearly epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus were seen with alternating short and long intervals between successive periods when virus was isolated. Epidemics following short intervals were more severe. Influenza A virus epidemics occurred yearly, and influenza B virus activity was seen generally every other year. When influenza A and influenza B viruses were cocirculating in a given season, the months of peak activity of one virus were always within 1 month of the peak activity of the other virus. Parainfluenza virus type 1 was detected in the autumn of odd-numbered years, and parainfluenza type 2 virus was seen usually in the autumn of even-numbered years. Parainfluenza type 3 virus and adenovirus were the most ubiquitous agents, with peak incidence occurring in the late winter to spring.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Brainstem Lesions in the Autopsy Cases with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities Showing Sudden Unexplained Death

It is known that patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) showed sudden unexplained death (SUD), in which autopsy failed to identify causes of death. Although the involvement of brainstem dysfunction is speculated, the detailed neuropathological analysis still remains to be performed. In order to clarify pathogenesis, we investigated the brainstem functions in autopsy cases of SMID showing SUD. We immunohistochemically examined expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, substance P, methionine-enkephalin, and c-fos in the serial sections of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata in eight SUD cases and seven controls, having neither unexplained death nor pathological changes in the brain. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase were reduced in two of eight cases, and those of substance P and/or methionine-enkephalin were augmented in the pons and medulla oblongata in seven of eight cases, including the aforementioned two cases, when compared with those in controls. The hypoglossal nucleus and/or the dorsal vagal nucleus demonstrated increased neuronal immunoreactivity for c-fos in seven of eight cases, although there was no neuronal loss or gliosis in both the nuclei. Controls rarely showed immunoreactivity for c-fos in the medulla oblongata. These data suggest the possible involvement of brainstem dysfunction in SUD in patients with SMID, and consecutive neurophysiological evaluation of brainstem functions, such as all-night polysomnography and blink reflex, may be useful for the prevention of SUD, because some parameters in the neurophysiological examination are known to be related to the brainstem catecholamine neurons and the spinal tract nucleus of trigeminal nerve.
SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL BEHAVIOR IN INFANCY: A HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT AND A REVIEW OF PUBLISHED STUDIES USING THE ALARM DISTRESS BABY SCALE

This article reviews the studies using or validating the Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB; A. Guedeney & J. Fermanian, 2001) within different countries, different populations, and different settings. After a brief summary of the theoretical backgrounds of infant social behavior, the results of the main controlled and methodologically comparable studies are summarized and discussed. Second, the results of some observational studies as well as different models of factor analysis are presented. The modified, five-item ADBB (m-ADBB) Scale is described. Finally, perspectives for future research and training are presented. 1
Decoding health education interventions: The times are a-changin’

The development of theory- and evidence-based health education interventions is a complex process in which interventionists in collaboration with priority groups and stakeholders make many decisions about objectives, change techniques, intervention materials and activities, delivery modes and implementation issues. In this development process, interventionists have to find a balance between employing change techniques that should be effective in an ideal world, and intervention activities and materials that match the reality of priority populations and intervention contexts. Intervention descriptions providing information about what behaviour change techniques have been employed, do not reflect the complexity of this decision-making process. They do not reveal why interventionists have decided to include or exclude particular behaviour change techniques. They do not reveal that interventions are based not only upon considerations of health psychologists and other scientists, but also on practical and political boundaries and opportunities that set the scene for the effectiveness of change techniques. Intervention descriptions should therefore reveal not only what is included in the interventions, but also why the intervention is as it is. Intervention Mapping provides the tools that enable the production of such descriptions.
Factor Influencing Public Preference for Raccoon Eradication Plan in Kanagawa, Japan

Efforts to eradicate Invasive Alien Species (IAS) often become controversial, yet public support is essential for the success of eradication projects. Issues regarding IAS often require immediate action, but information about public attitudes toward and support for IAS management in Japan is lacking. This study examined public preferences for eradication of raccoons (Procyon lotor) (classified as an IAS in Japan) and identified factors affecting preference. Data were obtained from residents of Kanagawa prefecture in Japan via a Web survey. Logistic regression models revealed that preference for eradication of raccoons was relatively low (31%), and that the public lacked knowledge regarding raccoon management. Attitudes toward raccoons, attitudes toward damage, knowledge of raccoon issues, age, gender, and duration of residence were predictors of public preference for eradication. Preference for eradication was not related to having seen the once popular “Raccoon Rascal” cartoon.
Staggered Price Contracts and Inflation Persistence: Some General Results

Despite their popularity as theoretical tools for illustrating the effects of nominal rigidities, some have questioned whether models based on staggered price contracts with rational expectations can match the persistence of the empirical inflation process. This article presents some general results about this class of models. It is shown that these models do not have a problem matching high autocorrelations for inflation. However, they fail to explain a key feature of reduced-form Phillips-curve regressions: The positive dependence of inflation on its own lags. It is shown that staggered price contracting models instead predict that the coefficients on these lag terms should be negative.
A Sociological Understanding of Suicide Attacks

Over the last 25 years, suicide attacks have become an alarming threat. They are a political tool which has been adopted by several organizations in Sri Lanka, Palestine and the Occupied Territories, Turkey, Chechnya, Afghanistan, Pakistan and, in particular, by the Al-Qaeda-led insurgency in Iraq in its struggle against the US and its allies. Recent analyses have traced back the use of suicide terrorism to its `strategic logic': organizations and their militants resort to suicide attacks mainly because they view this form of violence as an efficient weapon for their revolutionary and nationalist campaigns. An explanation based on the paradigm of rational choice theory or instrumental rationality alone is, however, insufficient. This article suggests the importance of combining the paradigm of instrumental rationality with that of axiological rationality. Only this kind of explanation is able to clarify the crucial role played by those cultural and symbolic elements which justify and encourage the martyrdom of suicide attackers. Moreover, by adopting a multi-causal analysis of the armed organizations, their constituencies and the attackers, as well as of their interaction, the article outlines a theoretical model of the most important social mechanisms underlying the use of suicide tactics.
The necessary alignment between technology innovation effectiveness and operational effectiveness

Abstract Organisations are increasingly investing in complex technological innovations such as enterprise information systems with the aim of improving the operations of the business, and in this way gaining competitive advantage. However, the implementation of technological innovations tends to have an excessive focus on either technology innovation effectiveness (also known as system effectiveness), or the resulting operational effectiveness; focusing on either one of them is detrimental to the long-term enterprise benefits through failure to achieve the real value of technological innovations. The lack of research on the dimensions and performance objectives that organisations must be focusing on is the main reason for this misalignment. This research uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative, three-stage methodological approach. Initial findings suggest that factors such as quality of information from technology innovation effectiveness, and quality and speed from operational effectiveness are important and significantly well correlated factors that promote the alignment between technology innovation effectiveness and operational effectiveness.
New Product Development: Organisation and Current Practice

The results of a three‐year research programme into the current practice and organisation of new product development are described. The results of a major survey of some 150 companies, in which the McKinsey 7S model was used to provide a structured analysis of all aspects of new product development are detailed. Clear trends and changes were defined, and were supported by detailed structured interviews.
Content Based Image Retrieval using Combined Features of Color and Texture Features with SVM Classification

Retrieval of an image is a more effective and efficient for managing extensive image database. Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a one of the image retrieval technique which uses user visual features of an image such as color, shape, and texture features etc. It permits the end user to give a query image in order to retrieve the stored images in database according to their similarity to the query image. In this work, content based image retrieval is accomplished by combining the two features such as color and texture. Color features are extracted by using hsv histogram, color correlogram and color moment values. Texture features are extracted by Segmentation based Fractal Texture Analysis (SFTA). The combined features which are made up of 32 histogram values,64 color correlogram values, 6 color moment values and 48 texture features are extracted to both query and database images. The extracted feature vector of the query image is compared with extracted feature vectors of the database images to obtain the similar images. The main objective this work is classification of image using SVM algorithm. Keywords— Image Retrieval; Content based image retrieval; HSV color histogram; color correlogram; color moments; SVM Algorithm; Relative Standard Derivation; Fractal Texture features.
Roughening transition observed on the prism facet of ice.

Single crystals of ice are grown from vapor, and viewed by means of an interference microscope. The basal facet persists until melting, but the prism facet disappears above about -2 o C, the surface taking a dome shape. With the temperature dropping from near 0 o C, a facet reappears at -1.35 o C. The measured curvature just above the transition is consistent with the prediction of a «universal curvature jump» by Jayaprakash, Saam, and Teitel. The surface curvature near the facet edge is also measured
Sex Differences in Components of Self-Esteem

Sex differences were examined on the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory which measures global self-esteem, specific components of self-esteem, defensiveness, and identity integration. Significant sex differences were obtained on 10 of the 11 scales with the direction of the differences generally consistent with sex-role stereotypes (298 men scoring higher in global self-esteem, competence, body-image; 487 women scoring higher in lovability and likability). However, the magnitudes of the sex differences were quite small, with sex accounting for 1 to 7% of the total variance in scale scores.
A Meta-Analytical Multilevel Reliability Generalization of Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs)

Abstract. During the past 20 years, Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) have developed into a viable tool in personnel selection. Despite their growing popularity, research examining the extent of measurement error is widely lacking. Using reliability generalization, the aim of this article was twofold: (1) establish an estimate for an average coefficient alpha of SJT scores across studies and (2) examine the influence of essential SJT features and selected study variables on score reliability. To handle potential dependent observations a three-level hierarchical linear model was used. The results indicate that the reliability of SJT scores is typically rather low and below recommended levels for high-stakes applications. Additionally, both SJT and study characteristics affect score reliability. Implications for practitioners and researchers are provided to guide an appropriate use of SJTs and to initiate future research.