Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generic Construction of Certificate-Based Encryption from Certificateless Encryption Revisited

Certificateless public key encryption (CLE) and certificate based encryption (CBE) are two novel public key cryptographic primitives requiring no authenticity verification of the recipient’s public key. Both of them are motivated to simultaneously solve the heavy certificate management problem inherent in the traditional public key encryption (PKE) and the key escrow problem inherent in the identity-based encryption (IBE). It is an attractive cryptographic task to formally explore the relation between CBE and CLE. In 2005, Al-Riyami and Paterson proposed one general conversion from CLE to CBE. Shortly later, Kang and Park pointed out a flaw in the security proof of AlRiyami-Paterson conversion. In 2012, Wu et al. proposed another generic conversion from CLE to CBE. Compared with Al-Riyami-Paterson conversion, Wu et al.’s method can be proved secure, but it has to additionally involve collision resistant hash functions. It remains an open problem whether the generic conversion due to Al-Riyami and Paterson, which is very neat, is provably secure. We aim to solve this open problem. First, we formalize CLE’s new security model, featured by introducing a new security property overlooked by previous security models. With this new security model as the basic technique, we succeed in proving that the Al-Riyami-Paterson generic Email addresses: sdgaowei@gmail.com (Wei Gao), guilin@uow.edu. au (Guilin Wang), kfchen@sjtu.edu. cn (Kefei Chen), wangxuyuyan@gmail.com (Xueli Wang ) This work is completed when the first author visited University of Wollongong (20112012) Preprint submitted to **** February 27, 2012 conversion from CLE to CBE is secure, if the CLE scheme is secure in our new security model. A concrete provably secure CBE scheme is presented to demonstrate the application of our result.
Mental Health Conditions and Suicide Risk Among Costa Rican University Students

Introduction: University students are exposed to academic demands that could impact mental health and trigger suicidal behaviors. Objective: To analyze the mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, and social support) and suicide risk in Costa Rican university students. Materials and Methods: Correlational, predictive, and cross-sectional research was conducted. A census sample of 76 university students was included. Variables encompassed sociodemographic data, social support measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, depression measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, anxiety measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and suicide risk measured by the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale. An online survey was used. Descriptive analysis, variance analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were performed. Significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The student body had a mean age of 19.43 years ±1.75, with gender identity evenly distributed. 38.20% reported moderate-severe symptoms of depression, and 32.90% indicated suicide risk. Differences were observed between gender identity in terms of social support and anxiety (p<0.05). Correlations were found between mental health conditions and suicide risk (p=0.001). Depression was identified as a factor contributing to an increased risk of suicide (p=0.001). Discussion: Previous literature confirms that mental health conditions such as low social support, depression, and anxiety in university students would predispose to the suicide risk. Conclusions: There is a segment of the university student population experiencing adverse mental health conditions and suicide risk, for whom care strategies focused on their needs should be developed.
Determining the Effects of Hailstone Impact on Flat Cold-Reduced Steel Roof Sheeting

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Incorporating Patients’ Preferences Into Medical Decision Making

Current models of care emphasize the importance of including patients’ values in the decision-making process. This is particularly important for decisions for which there are few data supporting a clear strategy or treatment choice. Constructing preferences for complex decisions requires that patients be able to consider multiple trade-offs between specific risks and benefits. Several marketing research techniques have been recently applied to heath care settings to facilitate this process. Most can be programmed to generate patients’ preferences or priorities, which can then be used to improve patient–physician communication. In this article, we will describe some of the currently available approaches that have been successfully used in the health care setting. We provide case examples to illustrate the potential value of adopting each of these approaches in clinical practice.
In vitro propagation of Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume through immature seed culture

Orchids, owing to the exquisite beauty of flowers, are highly valued in the cut flower trade and as potted plants. Apart from their diversity in colour, foliage and fragrance, orchids are immensely used in folk medicines as they are endowed with phytoconstituents significant in healthcare. Given to the topographical features and climatic suitability, Uttarakhand harbours several medicinally important orchids. Rhynchostylis retusa , a monopodial, epiphytic orchid native to this region, is used in the treatment of rheumatic disorders, asthma, malarial fever and blood dysentery. Due to its high commercial value but slow rate of conventional propagation coupled with loss of habitat, tissue culture technology can be effectively used as an alternative to furnish the demand. In the present study different growth additives (coconut water, yeast extract, and peptone) and plant growth regulators (BA and NAA) and were screened for seed germination, proliferation and plantlet development. Optimum germination rate and PLB formation was recorded in full strength MS basal medium. Further PLB multiplication was best studied in MS medium supplemented with coconut water (10%) and highest number of leaves (4.33) and roots (4.33) per PLB were observed in MS medium with the combination of BAP and peptone. The plantlets so developed were successfully transplanted to field conditions.
Commentary: Predictions and the brain: how musical sounds become rewarding

Music has always played a central role in human culture. The question of how musical sounds can have such profound emotional and rewarding effects has been a topic of interest throughout generations. At a fundamental level, listening to music involves tracking a series of sound events over time. Because humans are experts in pattern recognition, temporal predictions are constantly generated, creating a sense of anticipation. We summarize how complex cognitive abilities and cortical processes integrate with fundamental subcortical reward and motivation systems in the brain to give rise to musical pleasure. This work builds on previous theoretical models that emphasize the role of prediction in music appreciation by integrating these ideas with recent neuroscientific evidence.
Guidelines for Genome-Scale Analysis of Biological Rhythms

Genome biology approaches have made enormous contributions to our understanding of biological rhythms, particularly in identifying outputs of the clock, including RNAs, proteins, and metabolites, whose abundance oscillates throughout the day. These methods hold significant promise for future discovery, particularly when combined with computational modeling. However, genome-scale experiments are costly and laborious, yielding “big data” that are conceptually and statistically difficult to analyze. There is no obvious consensus regarding design or analysis. Here we discuss the relevant technical considerations to generate reproducible, statistically sound, and broadly useful genome-scale data. Rather than suggest a set of rigid rules, we aim to codify principles by which investigators, reviewers, and readers of the primary literature can evaluate the suitability of different experimental designs for measuring different aspects of biological rhythms. We introduce CircaInSilico, a web-based application for generating synthetic genome biology data to benchmark statistical methods for studying biological rhythms. Finally, we discuss several unmet analytical needs, including applications to clinical medicine, and suggest productive avenues to address them.
Construction of an interactive online phytoplasma classification tool, iPhyClassifier, and its application in analysis of the peach X-disease phytoplasma group (16SrIII)

Phytoplasmas, the causal agents of numerous plant diseases, are insect-vector-transmitted, cell-wall-less bacteria descended from ancestral low-G+C-content Gram-positive bacteria in the Bacillus–Clostridium group. Despite their monophyletic origin, widely divergent phytoplasma lineages have evolved in adaptation to specific ecological niches. Classification and taxonomic assignment of phytoplasmas have been based primarily on molecular analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences because of the inaccessibility of measurable phenotypic characters suitable for conventional microbial characterization. In the present study, an interactive online tool, iPhyClassifier, was developed to expand the efficacy and capacity of the current 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phytoplasma classification system. iPhyClassifier performs sequence similarity analysis, simulates laboratory restriction enzyme digestions and subsequent gel electrophoresis and generates virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles. Based on calculated RFLP pattern similarity coefficients and overall sequence similarity scores, iPhyClassifier makes instant suggestions on tentative phytoplasma 16Sr group/subgroup classification status and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species assignment. Using iPhyClassifier, we revised and updated the classification of strains affiliated with the peach X-disease phytoplasma group. The online tool can be accessed at http://www.ba. ars.usda. gov/data/mppl/iPhyClassifier.html.
On the Lyalpha emission from gamma-ray burst host galaxies: Evidence for low metallicities

We report on the results of a search for Ly emission from the host galaxy of the z= 2:140 GRB 011211 and other galaxies in its surrounding field. We detect Ly emission from the host as well as from six other galaxies in the field. The restframe equivalent width of the Ly line from the GRB 011211 host is about 21 A. This is the fifth detection of Ly emission out of five possible detections from GRB host galaxies, strongly indicating that GRB hosts, at least at high redshifts, are Ly emitters. This is intriguing as only 25% of the Lyman-Break selected galaxies at similar redshifts have Ly emission lines with restframe equivalent width larger than 20 A. Possible explanations are i) a preference for GRB progenitors to be metal-poor as expected in the collapsar model, ii) an optical afterglow selection bias against dusty hosts, and iii) a higher fraction of Ly emitters at the faint end of the luminosity function for high- z galaxies. Of these, the current evidence seems to favour i).
Langevin Description of Markovian Integro-Differential Master Equations

For a given master equation of a discontinuous irreversible Markov process, we present the derivation of stochastically equivalent Langevin equations in which the noise is either multiplicative white generalized Poisson noise or a spectrum of multiplicative white Poisson noise. In order to achieve this goal, we introduce two new stochastic integrals of the Ito type, which provide the corresponding interpretation of the Langevin equations. The relationship with other definitions for stochastic integrals is discussed. The results are elucidated by two examples of integro-master equations describing nonlinear relaxation.
SLIP-based and HOPFL Enforced Step Length Control for Stable Body Motions of Realistic SEA Hoppers

In this paper, we consider the problem of precise step length control on underactuated hopping robots, integrating analytical SLIP-based trajectories on a hardware inspired hopper model that includes series-elastic actuation (SEA), leg mass and inertia. Additionally, in the model considered the body center of mass (CoM) is not collocated with the hip joint, and must be stabilized for successful hopping. The majority of recent work with hopping robots is geared towards providing a discrete set of stable limit cycles, and is thus not well suited for non steady-state motions which are required for foothold placement in the real world. Therefore, this work focuses on developing control methods capable of dynamically switching between strides, and thus allowing footholds to be controlled on a step-to-step basis. Building on previous work, we illustrate how high-order partial feedback linearization (HOPFL) can be implemented directly on the leg-length state, and show how to apply these results so that algorithms designed for the SLIP model already widely available in the literature can be accurately implemented as reference trajectories. Furthermore, we develop control laws for the hip torque in order to both stabilize body motions and force the resulting leg angle trajectories to be analytically tractable as following the SLIP model’s dynamics.
Late potentials detected after myocardial infarction: natural history and prognostic significance.

The risk of developing spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or sudden death ("arrhythmic events") was prospectively assessed in 165 patients who survived acute myocardial infarction. Signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed before hospital discharge and then serially at regular intervals over the following year. In addition, 24 hr Holter monitoring was performed and left ventricular ejection fraction was determined. Sixty-five patients (group 1) had abnormal signal-averaged ECGs (voltage in the last 40 msec of the filtered QRS less than 20 microV or filtered QRS duration greater than 120 msec), 92 had normal signal-averaged ECGs (group 2), and eight had bundle branch block (excluded from analysis). In group 1, spontaneous normalization of the voltage in the last 40 msec of the QRS complex occurred in 30% of patients after 12 months, although total filtered QRS duration did not change overall. During follow-up of up to 20 months (median 11), seven patients died suddenly and six presented again with spontaneous, symptomatic VT. Eleven of 65 (17%) group 1 patients had an arrhythmic event compared with one of 92 patients (1%) in group 2 (p less than .001). The sensitivity of the signal-averaged ECG as a predictor of arrhythmic events was 92% with a specificity of 62%. Patients with subsequent arrhythmic events had considerably lower voltage in the last 40 msec of the QRS (11.0 +/- 8.3 vs 32.0 +/- 21.9 microV; p less than .001) than those without such events, and longer filtered QRS complexes (121 +/- 14 vs 105 +/- 12 msec; p less than .001). Multivariate logistic regression determined that the signal-averaged ECG provided independent prognostic information from the presence of complex ventricular ectopy and the degree of left ventricular dysfunction assessed at the time of hospital discharge. Signal-averaged ECGs provide important prognostic information in identifying patients at risk of arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction. Dynamic changes in the terminal QRS voltage are observed during the first year after myocardial infarction.
Functional Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Containing Î±6 Functional Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Containing Î±6 Subunits Are On Gabaergic Neuronal Boutons Adherent To Ventral Subunits Are On Gabaergic Neuronal Boutons Adherent To Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons Tegmental Area Dopamin

Background: β -amyloid (A β ) accumulation is described as a hallmark of Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD). A β perturbs a number of synaptic components including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α 7 subunits ( α 7-nAChRs), which are abundantly expressed in the hippocampus and found on GABAergic interneurons. We have previously demonstrated the existence of a novel, heteromeric α 7 β 2-nAChR in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons that exhibits high sensitivity to acute A β exposure. To extend our previous work, we evaluated the expression and pharmacology of α 7 β 2-nAChRs in hippocampal interneurons and their sensitivity to A β . Results: GABAergic interneurons in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus expressed functional α 7 β 2-nAChRs, which were characterized by relatively slow whole-cell current kinetics, pharmacological sensitivity to dihydro-β -erythroidine (DH β E), a nAChR β 2* subunit selective blocker, and α 7 and β 2 subunit interaction using immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, α 7 β 2-nAChRs were sensitive to 1 nM oligomeric A β . Similar effects were observed in identified hippocampal interneurons prepared from GFP-GAD mice. Conclusion: These findings suggest that A β modulation of cholinergic signaling in hippocampal GABAergic interneurons via α 7 β 2-nAChRs could be an early and critical event in A β -induced functional abnormalities of hippocampal function, which may be relevant to learning and memory deficits in AD.
A fluid inclusion study of the drusy quartz of the Potosi Dolostone, Southeast Missouri.

-A fluid inclusion study of drusy quartz in the Potosi formation in the Southeast Missouri barite district (Washington County), north of the Viburnum Trend lead-zinc district, shows that the fluids which deposited the quartz were both less saline and hotter than the fluids which deposited the sulfides in either the Viburnum Trend or the barite district. The drusy quartz is thus apparently unrelated to either mineralization event.
Gender Differences in Outcomes After Hospital Discharge From Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background— There are few comparative data regarding long-term nonfatal outcomes for women versus men after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study compares gender differences in cardiac events in a population of hospital survivors up to 11 years after isolated CABG surgery in Ontario, Canada. Methods and Results— A population-based cohort study (n=68 774 patients, 15 043 women) between September 1, 1991, and April 1, 2002, was assembled with linked clinical and administrative databases. Cox modeling and propensity score matching were used to compare death, cardiac readmission (angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction), repeat revascularization (angioplasty or CABG), and stroke readmission between men and women. Women were older (65±17 versus 62±13 years), more likely to present with urgent or emergent status (64% versus 56%), and less likely to receive arterial grafts (70% versus 78%). Women had a higher rate of cardiac readmission in the first year after surgery (hazard ratio [HR] of 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36 to 1.56), and this increased risk persisted after 1 year (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.31). This was primarily due to readmissions for unstable angina (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.38) and congestive heart failure (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.21). Propensity-matched women had similar rates of death (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.98) and repeat revascularization (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.06). Conclusions— Women have a more complex clinical preoperative presentation and are more likely to be readmitted with unstable angina and congestive heart failure after CABG but experience survival similar to those seen in men. Gender differences in outcomes may be improved through durable revascularization strategies and close postoperative follow-up care targeted to women.
Cyclic Liquefaction Resistance of an Alluvial Natural Sand: A Comparison between Fully and Partially Saturated Conditions

Earthquake-induced liquefaction is one of the major causes of building damage as it decreases the strength and stiffness of soil. The liquefaction resistance of soils increases significantly as the degree of saturation decreases, making soil desaturation an effective measure for the mitigation of this phenomenon. This paper presents a comparative analysis of liquefaction resistance of an alluvial sand from Aveiro (Portugal) under fully and partially saturated conditions. For this purpose, an in situ characterisation based on CPTu and a laboratory series of cyclic triaxial tests were carried out. The cyclic triaxial tests were conducted under undrained conditions on remoulded specimens with different degrees of saturation, including the full saturation. On the other hand, the triaxial apparatus was instrumented with Hall-effect transducers to accurately measure the strains during all testing phases. In addition, it was equipped with piezoelectric transducers to measure seismic waves velocities, namely P-wave velocity, for evaluation of the saturation level of the specimen in parallel with the Skempton’s B parameter. Hence, relations between the B-value, and P-wave velocity and cyclic strength resistance are presented. The number of cycles to trigger liquefaction, considering the pore pressure build-up criterion, is presented for the different degrees of saturation. Results confirmed the increase in liquefaction resistance for lower degrees of saturation in this soil.
Automating Mason's rule and its application to analysis of stochastic Petri nets

A symbolic performance analysis approach for discrete-event systems can be formulated based on the integration of Petri nets and moment generating function concepts. The key steps in the method include modeling a system with stochastic Petri nets, generation of state machine Petri nets with transfer functions, derivation of equivalent transfer functions, and symbolic derivation of transfer functions to obtain the performance measures. To automate the above procedure, computer implementation of Mason's rule becomes very important for a symbolic solution. This paper proposes and implements the algorithms to evaluate the Mason's rule and describes their applications to deriving transfer functions of a state machine Petri net for system performance. The complexity of the algorithms is analyzed. Finally, future research toward construction of a CAD tool for design of discrete-event systems is discussed. >