Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The level of cerebrospinal fluid tau correlates with neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease

WE measured tau concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples taken during the lifetime of 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and correlated these values with neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) scores as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression as a marker of astrocytosis in the brain post-mortem. The CSF tau values showed a positive correlation with neocortical NFT scores (r = 0.44, p < 0.005), while GFAP immmunoreactivity did not correlate with CSF tau. This study reveals a high variation in CSF tau values in patients with neuropathologically confirmed AD (range 194–1539 pg/ml) and indicates that high CSF tau values in the late phase of Alzheimer's disease predict severe neurodegeneration as evidenced by increased NFT scores.
Recreational Site Choice Modelling Using High-Resolution Spatial Data

Geographic information systems (GIS) offer attractive tools for modelling recreational behaviour. In this paper GIS is combined with a discrete choice modelling approach to investigate the importance of landscape attributes for determining forest recreational choices. A new large Danish national dataset (28 947 recreational trips) is used in conjunction with an area information system and information on other site attributes to estimate a recreational choice model. A wide set of landscape characteristics influencing recreational choice is identified. These are the size of the forest patch and adjacency or distance to other land-cover types. The area of the forest patch was found to have a positive marginally declining effect. Adjacency to other seminatural areas was found to have a positive effect. The results show that the parameter estimates depend critically on the choice-set specification and that the size of the choice set needs to be considerably larger than previous research suggests.
The Public Manager in 2010: The Role of Middle Managers in Strategic Change in the Public Sector

This article questions an assumption, commonly held by policy-makers, that the middle management group has little to contribute to the effective provision of health care. The article takes a case study approach to examine how middle managers influence strategic change in the area of marketing activity in an acute hospital trust. Data gathering took place in the case study over a period of two years and included observation, analysis of documentation, and a series of 85 interviews.
Beyond Renting and Owning: The Housing Accommodations of Low-Income Families

This mixed-methods study used structured, in-depth interviews to collect data that was analyzed quantitatively as well as qualitatively to explore the long-term housing patterns experienced by low-income families and the ways in which vouchers affect these patterns. Using a life-course theoretical framework and an event history approach, information on past housing, employment, and life circumstances was collected from 30 participants, 17 who had a voucher and 13 on the waiting list to receive one. The low-income families in the study moved frequently, through rental housing, homeless shelters, and living with family and friends. After receiving a voucher, families lived independently in rental housing and had greater housing stability. This research offers a framework for understanding the complex residential mobility patterns of low-income families, which includes the use of informal and formal housing assistance. The findings highlight the high level of housing insecurity experienced by low-income people and emphasize the important role that Housing Choice Vouchers play in helping families with serious housing problems.
Outcomes of Integrated Agriscience Processes: A Synthesis of Research.

As the trend to integrate science and agriculture education has reemerged, so has the research related to the integration of science into secondary agricultural education. The American Association of Agricultural Education responded to this trend by creating a special interest group called “Strengthening Academic Learning through Agricultural Education. ” In 2005, Myers and Osborne developed the “Conceptual Model for Strengthening Academic Learning through Agricultural Education” to guide this group in identifying existing gaps in the literature and to help provide a directional path for future research. The purpose of this study was to use that conceptual model to review research, to make conclusions regarding the outcomes of efforts to integrate science and secondary agricultural education, and to identify gaps in the existing research. Recommendations and future questions for integrating science and agricultural education were posed by the authors.
Sex-specific genetic influences on the comorbidity of alcoholism and major depression in a population-based sample of US twins.

BACKGROUND Alcoholism and depression frequently co-occur, but the origins of this comorbidity remain uncertain. Most previous family, twin, and adoption studies of these disorders have used cases ascertained through treatment settings, who may differ from cases in epidemiological samples. We studied the importance of genetic influences on risk for lifetime comorbidity of major depression and alcoholism by means of a population-based twin sample. METHODS Lifetime major depression (MD), alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence were assessed by structured interview for both members of 3755 twin pairs from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry. Pair resemblance was analyzed by means of structural equation models. RESULTS Individuals with MD were at significantly increased risk for alcohol dependence and for a combined diagnosis of alcohol abuse and/or dependence. History of MD in a twin significantly increased the risk of cotwin alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse and/or dependence among identical male pairs and for alcohol abuse and/or dependence in identical female pairs, but not among male or female fraternal pairs. Results of structural modeling indicate that comorbidity occurs because the genetic and specific environmental sources of liability to MD overlap with those underlying alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse and/or dependence. This overlap was significant only within sex, not across sexes. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based twin sample, the familial transmission of MD and alcohol dependence was largely disorder specific. Comorbidity appears to be due to sex-specific genetic and environmental risk factors. The factors underlying depression in women do not appear to arise from the same factors underlying alcoholism in men.
ESG Rating in Investment Risk Analysis of Companies Listed on the Public Market in Poland

type="main" xml:lang="en"> This study verifies the hypothesis that greater transparency of public companies in disclosing non-financial (ESG) data results in lower volatility of return rates on securities issued by them, thereby reducing investment portfolio risk understood as return rate volatility. Non-financial data reporting contributes to increased transparency, predictability of companies' operations and hence to significant reduction in information asymmetry on the capital market, and ultimately considerably reduces forecasting errors in risk–return profile of investment portfolios. The research conducted has shown that there is a large information gap on the Polish market, especially as regards ESG reporting. The overall level of reporting on non-financial data is low. In the analysed period, the shares issued by companies with higher ESG rating were distinguished by an over-average return rate and lower return rate volatility as well as lower forecasting error in return rates, which is indicated by the standard error parameter (alpha and beta coefficients).
Los Angeles County after the 1992 civil disturbances: degree of exposure and impact on mental health.

The impact of the 1992 Los Angeles (L.A.) civil disturbances on psychosocial functioning was assessed as part of a larger project investigating the views and attitudes of residents in L.A. County. Random digit dialing methodology identified a household probability sample of 1,200 adults (age 18 or older) from L.A. County. Respondents completed a telephone interview 6 to 8 months after the disturbances. Respondents' degree of exposure to the disturbances, mental health impact of the disturbances, and mental health effects of chronic versus acute exposure to violence were assessed. Consistent with hypotheses, the impact of the disturbances was the worst in the South Central communities. Higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; both diagnostic level and subclinical symptomatology) were found among respondents who reported disturbance-related experiences. Exposure to an acute event (i.e., the disturbances) was predictive of current PTSD symptomatology after controlling for demographics, lifetime trauma, and other types of stressful events.
Servicescape Failure and Recovery Strategy in the Food Service Industry: The Effect on Customer Repatronization

This study addresses the servicescape failures in food service industry related to the poor management of physical environments and the associated recovery strategies used to retain dissatisfied customers. Despite the acknowledged importance of servicescapes, there is a dearth of exploratory investigation on servicescape failures and recovery strategies, and on the ways these influence the subsequent behavior of customers. Using the critical incident technique (CIT), data on 226 servicescape failures and 29 recovery strategies were collected from 174 informants by personal interview. The content analysis revealed that cleanliness issues were the most reported problem in food service industry, followed by other issues regarding the design, social interaction, and functionality. The implemented recoveries were perceived both positively and negatively by the informants. The findings signify that in the case of servicescape failures, it is generally more difficult to execute an effective recovery and gain customers' repatronization. It is highly recommended that food service practitioners should closely monitor the servicescapes and implement appropriate recovery strategies which may greatly affect customer satisfaction and repatronage behavior.
The limits to stock index arbitrage: Examining S&P 500 futures and SPDRS

This study examines factors affecting stock index spot versus futures pricing and arbitrage opportunities by using the S&P 500 cash index and the S&P 500 Standard and Poor's Depository Receipt (SPDR) Exchange‐Traded Fund (ETF) as “underlying cash assets. ” Potential limits to arbitrage when using the cash index are the staleness of the underlying cash index, trading costs, liquidity (volume) issues of the underlying assets, the existence of sufficient time to execute profitable arbitrage transactions, short sale restrictions, and the extent to which volatility affects mispricing. Alternatively, using the SPDR ETF as the underlying asset mitigates staleness and trading cost problems as well as the effects of volatility associated with the staleness of the cash index. Minute‐by‐minute prices are compared over different volatility levels to determine how these factors affect the limits of S&P 500 futures arbitrage. Employing the SPDR as the cash asset examines whether a liquid tradable single asset with low trading costs can be used for pricing and arbitrage purposes. The analysis examines how long mispricing lasts, the impact of volatility on mispricing, and whether sufficient volume exists to implement arbitrage. The minute‐by‐minute liquidity of the futures market is examined using a new transaction volume futures database. The results show that mispricings exist regardless of the choice of the underlying cash asset, with more negative mispricings for the SPDR relative to the S&P 500 cash index. Furthermore, mispricings are more frequent in high‐ and mid‐volatility months than in low‐volatility months and are associated with higher volume during high‐volatility months. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:1182–1205, 2008
Phospholipase A2 Activity of Peroxiredoxin 6 Promotes Invasion and Metastasis of Lung Cancer Cells

Peroxiredoxins (PRDX) are a family of thiol-dependent peroxidases. Among the six mammalian members of this family, PRDX6 is the only protein that additionally exhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. The physiologic role of this interesting PRDX6 feature is largely unknown at present. In this study, we show that PRDX6 increases the metastatic potential of lung cancer cells. Functional analyses of the enzymatic activities of PRDX6, using specific pharmacologic inhibitors and mutagenesis studies, reveal that both peroxidase and PLA2 activities are required for metastasis. Specifically, peroxidase activity facilitates the growth of cancer cells, and PLA2 activity promotes invasiveness. Further investigation of the latter event discloses that PLA2 activity promotes accumulation of arachidonic acid, which, in turn, induces the invasive pathway involving p38 kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. This study is the first to define the functions of the enzymatic activities of PRDX6 in metastasis and to show the involvement of arachidonic acid in PRDX6 action in intact cells. These novel findings provide a significant step toward elucidating the role of PRDX6 in cancer and the mechanism of its action. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 825–32. ©2010 AACR.
News Coverage of 9/11 and the Demise of the Media Flows, Globalization and Localization Hypotheses

An international comparative study of the elite press framing of 9/11 in the US, Italy, France and Pakistan reveals that there is little empirical backing for the claims of three core strands of research about news exchanges within the field of international communications. The findings of the empirical investigation neither support the existence of international news flows, nor the idea that news is becoming homogenized on a global scale. The analysis does not suggest a localization of news at a national level either. News coverage, instead, appears to be markedly different at the level of the single newspaper and this can be explained through different variables than the international macro-processes addressed by news studies within the field. The analysis fundamentally suggests that, if research within international communications wants to explain news in the information age, it needs to broaden its horizons and to adopt a multidisciplinary perspective that includes both the analysis of national political processes and a deeper understanding of the dynamics of news production in each single media organization.
Biochemical and serological analysis of Vibrio anguillarum related organisms

This work reports on the phenotypic and serological characterization of Vibrio anguillarum related (VAR) organisms isolated from diseased fish, shellfish, and from the environment in different geographical areas. Reference strains of V. a n g u ~ l l a r u m (serotypes 0 1 to 010) and V splendidus (biotype I ) were lncluded for comparison. On the basis of numerical taxonomy analysis the stralns were grouped in 4 phena, with similarity levels among them ranging from 77.6 to 86.8% and levels of internal similanty ranging from 84.1 to 86.8%. The serolog~cal analysis demonstrated that 22 of 45 (49%) VAR strains were typeable, being distributed into 7 0-serogroups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G). Six of these serogroups (A, B, C, D, F, and G) were recognized among 21 VAR strains isolated from diseased fish. Serotypes C and F were the predominant types among strains isolated from diseased turbot and cod, respectively. No dominating environmental serotype was found. Moreover, it was found that only serogroup F constituted a heterogeneous group with regard to phenotypic and serological characteristics.
Estimating the Profits from Trading Strategies

Price improvement is the difference between the execution price of an order and the quoted bid or ask when the order was submitted. We show that expected price improvement falls off dramatically as the size of the order approaches the quoted depth, and becomes negative for larger orders. This is particularly important for small firms because the quoted depths are low. Using quoted spreads and depths and our estimate of expected price improvement, we show that trading strategies that attempt to exploit the weekly predictability of small-firm returns would be swamped by transaction costs. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Low-Dose Sevoflurane Inhalation Enhances Late Cardioprotection from the Anti-Ulcer Drug Geranylgeranylacetone

BACKGROUND:We investigated in rabbits whether sevoflurane enhances late cardioprotection induced by geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a gastric antiulcer drug. METHODS:S(+)-ketamine and xylazine-anesthetized rabbits were assigned to one of seven experimental groups: a control (vehicle only) group, a GGA group, a sevoflurane group, a GGA+sevoflurane group, a sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate (5HD) group, a GGA + 5HD group, and a heat stress group. All rabbits were subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Rabbits were pretreated with IV vehicle, GGA (10 mg/kg), or heat stress (42°C for 15 min) 24 h before coronary occlusion. Sevoflurane (0.5 minimum alveolar concentration) or 5HD (5 mg/kg) were administered before myocardial ischemia. Myocardial infarct size and the area at risk for ischemia were measured, and heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 levels in each experimental group were determined. RESULTS:Compared with vehicle only, GGA significantly reduced the size of myocardial infarction in relation to the area at risk (39 ± 10% vs 59 ± 9%, P < 0.02). Sevoflurane enhanced the GGA-induced cardioprotection (23 ± 17%, P < 0.05 vs GGA). The cardioprotective effect of GGA was abolished by administration of 5HD (56 ± 15%, P < 0.01). GGA enhanced Hsp 70 expression compared with that in the control group (0.69 ± 0.15 vs 0.36 ± 0.05, P < 0.02). Administration of GGA with sevoflurane resulted in the same level of Hsp 70 expression as GGA (0.69 ± 0.16, P > 0.98). CONCLUSIONS:GGA appears to reduce myocardial infarct size in association with increased Hsp 70 expression. Sevoflurane enhances the GGA-induced cardioprotective effect.
Do Spillovers Stimulate Incremental or Drastic Product Innovations? Evidence from German Establishment Data

Despite the generally recognized importance of knowledge spillovers, the empirical literature is essentially silent on the type of innovation stimulated by spillovers. We estimate the determinants of product innovations differing in their degree of newness to the adopting firm. Knowledge spillovers from rivals have a positive impact on incremental innovations. This impact is largely independent of participation in R&D cooperation. Spillovers exert no such independent influence on drastic innovation activities. The results support the hypothesis that establishments face difficulties in using knowledge that comes from areas they are not familiar with. Establishments exploit spillovers for incremental innovations rather than for drastic innovations. To some degree R&D cooperation can help to overcome the difficulties in using spillovers for drastic innovations. Furthermore, our estimates provide evidence that the firm's own R&D effort and the use of outside information are substitutes.
Natural Transmission of Bovine Leukemia Virus among Cattle

Misao ONUMA,* Shinobu WATARAI, Shigeru ICHIJO, Katsuya ISHIHARA, Tsuyoshi OHTANI, Mitsuo SONODA, Takeshi MIKAMI, Hisao IZAWA, and Tatsuo KONISHI *Department of Epizootiology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Dairy Agriculture, Ebestu, Hokkaido 069-01, Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Obihiro University ofAgriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro, Hokkaido 080, Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Kakamihara, Gifu 504, and Livestock Bureau, Prefecture ofGifu, Gifu 500
Inside the IMF: An Ethnography of Documents, Technology, and Organizational Action

From the Publisher: Inside the IMF is the first book to reveal the inside workings of the International Monetary Fund, an increasingly high profile organization. The text studies the culture of organizations, and uses sociological methods to understand the technology which underpins office and commercial life. Inside the IMF advises how to improve work processes and computer systems by exploring systems which use search and retrieval applications, hypertext documents, and shared database applications like Lotus Notes. The author, Richard Harper, had unique access to the International Monetary Fund to prepare his case study. He uses the IMF to illustrate how thinking differently about IT systems can dramatically improve the manageability and accessibility of documents in organizations.
Determinants of project success among HIV/AIDS nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Rakai, Uganda.

SUMMARY The aim of the study was to identify the main determinants of grassroots project success among HIV/AIDS NGOs operating in Rakai, Uganda. It was a cross-sectional study using face-to-face interviews in a mixed-methods approach among community members and NGOs involved in providing HIV/AIDS and related health services. The study found that the success of grassroots projects of HIV/AIDS NGOs essentially relies on adequate financial resources, competent human resources, strong organizational leadership, and NGO networking. These data suggest that to increase grassroots project success, HIV and AIDS NGOs in Rakai need to improve not only the budget base and human capacities but as well decision-making processes, organizational vision, mission and strategies, gender allocation in staffing, and beneficiary involvement.
Effects of individual glucose levels on the neuronal correlates of emotions

This study aimed to directly assess the effect of changes in blood glucose levels on the psychological processing of emotionally charged material. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate the effect of blood glucose levels on three categories of visually presented emotional stimuli. Seventeen healthy young subjects participated in this study (eight females; nine males; body weight, 69.3 ± 14.9 kg; BMI, 22 ± 2.7; age, 24 ± 3 years), consisting of two functional MRI sessions: (1) after an overnight fast under resting conditions (before glucose administration); (2) after reaching the hyperglycemic state (after glucose administration). During each session, subjects were presented with visual stimuli featuring funny, neutral, and sad content. Single-subject ratings of the stimuli were used to verify the selection of stimuli for each category and were covariates for the fMRI analysis. Analysis of the interaction effect of the two sessions (eu- and hyperglycemia), and the emotional categories accounting for the single-subject glucose differences, revealed a single activation cluster in the hypothalamus. Analysis of the activation profile of the left amygdala corresponded to the three emotional conditions, and this profile was obtained for both sessions regardless of glucose level. Our results indicate that, in a hyperglycemic state, the hypothalamus can no longer respond to emotions. This study offers novel insight for the understanding of disease-related behavior associated with dysregulation of glucose and glucose availability, potentially offering improved diagnostic and novel therapeutic strategies in the future.