Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are They Ready to Participate? East Asian Students’ Acquisition of Verbal Participation in American Classrooms

This study investigates seven East Asian graduate students’ acquisition of verbal participation competence in American classrooms. By examining the acquisition process, the study focuses on the factors that deactivate participants’ intents to participate, the strategies they develop to realize these intents, and the moments that signal readiness to participate. Participants’ struggles, strategies, and moments at which they participated were analyzed at four phases over a two-year period through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and participant observations. Cross- and single-case analyses of the data were conducted, and a complex mix of affective, cognitive and situational factors was identified. The analysis suggests that participants are challenged more by cognitive factors than by cultural factors in the acquisition process. Metacognitive and sociocultural strategies work interactively and shape effective access to full participation membership. A case is made for language teaching to treat cultural conventions of participation from an acquisitional perspective.
Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Potential of Roxadustat (FG-4592), a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase in CD-1 Mice and Sprague Dawley Rats

The carcinogenic potential of roxadustat (FG-4592), a novel orally active, heterocyclic small molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) enzymes in clinical development for treatment of anemia, was evaluated in CD-1 mice and Sprague Dawley rats. Inhibition of HIF-PH by roxadustat leads to a rapid increase in cytoplasmic HIF-α concentrations, followed by translocation of HIF-α to the nucleus and upregulation of HIF-responsive genes, including erythropoietin. Roxadustat was dosed by oral gavage 3 times weekly (TIW) for up to 104 weeks in mice at 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg and in rats at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg. Treatment-associated changes in hematology parameters were consistent with the pharmacologic activity of roxadustat and included elevations in hematocrit in mice at 30 and 60 mg/kg TIW and elevations in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell distribution width in rats at 10 mg/kg TIW. No increase in mortality or neoplastic effects compared with vehicle controls was observed after roxadustat treatment in either species. No treatment-related nonneoplastic findings were observed in mice, whereas nonneoplastic microscopic findings in rats were limited to atrial/aortic thromboses at 10 mg/kg TIW males and bone marrow hypercellularity in all treated male and female groups, consistent with the pharmacology of roxadustat. In conclusion, roxadustat administered by oral gavage to mice and rats TIW for up to 104 weeks resulted in dose-dependent exposure and hematologic effects with no effect on survival or development of neoplastic lesions at up to 60 mg/kg in mice and up to 10 mg/kg in rats.
OSTEOPONTIN SHAPES IMMUNE SUPPRESSION IN THE METASTATIC NICHE

The matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN, Spp-1) is widely associated with cancer aggressiveness when produced by tumor cells, but its impact is uncertain when produced by leukocytes in the context of the tumor stroma. In a broad study using Spp1-/mice along with gene silencing in tumor cells, we obtained evidence of distinct and common activities of OPN when produced by tumor or host cells in a spontaneously metastatic model of breast cancer. Different cellular localization of OPN associated with its distinct activities, being mainly secreted in tumor cells while intracellular in myeloid cells. OPN produced by tumor cells supported their survival in the blood stream, whereas both tumorand host-derived OPN, particularly from myeloid cells, rendered the metastatic site more immunosuppressive. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) expanded with tumor progression at both primary and lung metastatic sites. Of the expanded monocytic and granulocytic cell populations of MDSC, the monocytic subset was the predominant source of OPN. In Spp1-/mice the inhibition of lung metastases correlated with the expansion of granulocyte-oriented MDSC. Notably, monocytic MDSC in Spp1-/mice were less suppressive than their wild-type counterparts due to lower expression of arginase-1, IL-6 and phospho-Stat3. Moreover, fewer regulatory T cells accumulated at the metastatic site in Spp1-/mice. Our data find correlation with lung metastases of human mammary carcinomas that are associated with myeloid cells expressing OPN. Overall our results unveiled novel functions for OPN in shaping local immunosuppression in the lung
Social psychiatry and sociology

For over 50 years the credibility of social psychiatry has drawn on two main strengths. First, it has provided us with evidence about the impact of social forces upon mental health. Second, it has enjoyed substantial inter-disciplinary cooperation. Apart from sociallyorientated psychiatrists, the project can boast high profile contributions from nurses, clinical psychologists and social workers. At times, some sociologists, such as George Brown, have played a leading role. However, there are many signs that whilst social psychiatry may not be on its last legs it has certainly seen better days. A crucial aspect of its demise has been the recent failure, compared to earlier days, to draw on insights from the social sciences. A good starting point to begin to examine the trajectory of social psychiatry and assess its future prospects is the breakdown in collaboration between the disciplines of psychiatry and sociology. Psychiatric epidemiology and sociology have become what Fenton and Charsley (2000) have called, ‘‘incommensurate games’’. The theoretical and methodological preferences of the two approaches to mental health problems in society have become discrepant. In the past this was not the case and the influence of sociological ideas was clearly evident in the field of social psychiatry and epidemiology. For example, the second generation of research on inequalities in mental health, which took place immediately after the Second World War, saw the emergence of a range of influential studies, which demonstrated a consistent social patterning of mental health problems. This fruitful and productive relationship between sociology and psychiatric epidemiology was predicated on a shared acceptance of the weakness of the construct of mental illness and the strengths of the alternative ways of viewing mental ‘‘disorder’’. A point made here by Lawson, a sociological contributor to epidemiological studies of mental health: Psychiatry accepted that, as its disease categories were so tenuous and not generally marked by physical signs, the sociologist’s concepts of impairment or disability marked by social dysfunctions could be the key to unraveling the rates of mental illness. (Lawson, 1989, p. 38)
Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates in Biomedical Engineering, Biology and Medicine

Recent developments in biomineralization have already demonstrated that nanosized particles play an important role in the formation of hard tissues of animals. Namely, the basic inorganic building blocks of bones and teeth of mammals are nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates (in the form of apatites) of a biological origin. In mammals, tens to hundreds nanocrystals of a biological apatite were found to be combined into self-assembled structures under the control of various bioorganic matrixes. In addition, the structures of both dental enamel and bones could be mimicked by an oriented aggregation of nanosized calcium orthophosphates, determined by the biomolecules. The application and prospective use of nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates for a clinical repair of damaged bones and teeth are also known. For example, a greater viability and a better proliferation of various types of cells were detected on smaller crystals of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, the nanodimensional and nanocrystalline forms of calcium orthophosphates have a great potential to revolutionize the field of hard tissue engineering starting from bone repair and augmentation to the controlled drug delivery devices. This paper reviews current state of knowledge and recent developments of this subject starting from the synthesis and characterization to biomedical and clinical applications. More to the point, this review provides possible directions of future research and development.
Ecological factors associated with elder abuse in Taiwan: a systematic review

Elder abuse is a serious issue in Taiwan because of rapid growth among the aging population and the deterioration of traditional values. Understanding of elder abuse in Taiwan has been fragmented, as a bulk of studies have primarily focused on socio-demographic characteristics and past childhood abuse. Only a handful of studies have focused on the environmental contexts. To address this research gap, we systematically review the prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, and risk factors associated with elder abuse in Taiwan by applying Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework. Twenty-nine research articles are reviewed to address this research gap. Practice and policy implications are also discussed.
An Examination of the Cross-Cultural Validity of a Multidimensional Model of Commitment in Europe

This study examined the validity of a multidimensional model of employee commitment in Europe. The study was conducted using a sample of employees working for the translation department of the European Commission, located in Brussels. The survey questionnaire included measures of affective and normative commitment to the organization, the occupation, the work group, and Europe; continuance commitment to the organization and the occupation; and intent to quit. Participants (N = 580) pertained to 12 European nationalities and responded to a French or an English version of the questionnaire. Results showed that (a) for normative and continuance commitment, the organizational and occupational foci were not empirically distinguishable and that (b) both the commitment model and the relationships between commitment components and intent to quit were culturally invariant. On the other hand, evidence also emphasized the importance of considering multiple commitment components in predicting intent to quit. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Holin triggering in real time

During λ infections, the holin S105 accumulates harmlessly in the membrane until, at an allele-specific time, suddenly triggering to form irregular holes of unprecedented size (>300 nm), releasing the endolysin from the cytoplasm, resulting in lysis within seconds. Here we used a functional S105–GFP chimera and real-time deconvolution fluorescence microscopy to show that the S105–GFP fusion accumulated in a uniformly distributed fashion, until suddenly, within 1 min, it formed aggregates, or rafts, at the time of lethal triggering. Moreover, the isogenic fusion to a nonlethal S105 mutant remained uniformly distributed, whereas a fusion to an early-lysing mutant showed early triggering and early raft formation. Protein accumulation rates of the WT, early, and nonlethal alleles were identical. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed that the nonlethal mutant and untriggered WT hybrids were highly mobile in the membrane, whereas the WT raft was essentially immobile. Finally, an antiholin allele, S105ΔTMD1–mcherryfp, in the product of which the S105 sequence deleted for the first transmembrane domain was fused to mCherryFP. This hybrid retained full antiholin activity, in that it blocked lethal hole formation by the S105–GFP fusion, accumulated uniformly throughout the host membrane and prevented the S105–GFP protein from forming rafts. These findings suggest that phage lysis occurs when the holin reaches a critical concentration and nucleates to form rafts, analogous to the initiation of purple membrane formation after the induction of bacteriorhodopsin in halobacteria. This model for holin function may be relevant for processes in mammalian cells, including the release of nonenveloped viruses and apoptosis.
Puncture wound osteochondritis of the foot caused by CDC group Vd

A case of puncture wound osteochondritis of the foot caused by CDC group Vd is presented because of the unusual nature of the infecting organism. This organism may be confused with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the usual pathogen responsible for this type of infection, but does not have a similar antimicrobial susceptibility profile. For this reason, it is important to obtain appropriate culture specimens and to identify and test the susceptibility of bacterial isolates from cases of puncture wound-associated osteochondritis so that optimal therapeutic regimens can be determined.
PREVALENCE OF BULLYING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

Analyses dealing with recent crises in North Africa, the Near and Mideast put forward endegenous factors without hilighting relevent issues. Those conflicts, said to be the expression of poupular aspirations and thirst for democracy and freedom, are more the outcomes a construstruction by the Center confronted with internal contradictions that they try to export in order to adapt the worldwide societal dynamism. Indeed, the advent of new actors, Brazil, Russia, China, and South Africa, ( BRICS), exert a strong pressure on economically advanced countries. This dynamism limits, if not, causes to crumble the hegemony of the Center in southern states. This articles attempts to uncover the real grounds of those social movements in the Arab world by using a different approach of the issue.
Factors Influencing Corporate Dividend Decision: Evidence from Jordanian Panel Data

This paper examines the determinants of corporate dividend decisions of publicly quoted companies in Jordan as a case study of an emerging market. The analysis is based on 15-year unbalanced panel data with 1137 firm-year observations covering the period between 1989 and 2003. The study develops five research hypotheses and used the general-to-specific modelling approach to choose between the competing hypotheses. We estimate the determinants for a given firm to pay dividends to its shareholders through Probit specifications. The factors that affect dividend policy in developed stock markets seem to apply for this emerging market. For example, factors such as size, profitability, and age increase the likelihood to pay dividends. Financial leverage decreases the probability to pay dividends. Taken together, the findings provide support for the agency costs hypothesis and are broadly consistent with the pecking order hypothesis.
Numerical comparison of two-digit numbers: How differences at encoding can involve differences in processing

The study of two-digit numbers processing has recently gathered a growing interest. Here, we examine whether differences at encoding of two-digit oral verbal numerals induce differences in the type of processing involved. Twenty-four participants were submitted to a comparison task to 55. Differences at encoding were introduced by the use of dichotic listening and synchronous (synchronous condition) or asynchronous presentation (tens-first and units-first conditions) of the two-digit numerals' components. Our results showed that differences at the encoding stage of two-digit numerals involve: (1) different comparison processes (tens-first and units-first conditions: parallel comparison; synchronous condition: parallel and holistic comparison); and (2) differences in the weight of the tens- and units-effects. Therefore, attentional mechanisms determining at the encoding stage how much attention is paid to the two-digit numerals' components might account for the different types of processing found with two-digit numbers.
Allosteric regulation of Csx1, a type IIIB-associated CARF domain ribonuclease by RNAs carrying a tetraadenylate tail

Abstract CRISPR–Cas systems protect prokaryotes against invading viruses and plasmids. The system is associated with a large number of Cas accessory proteins among which many contain a CARF (CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold) domain implicated in ligand binding and a HEPN (higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding) nuclease domain. Here, such a dual domain protein, i.e. the Sulfolobus islandicus Csx1 (SisCsx1) was characterized. The enzyme exhibited metal-independent single-strand specific ribonuclease activity. In fact, SisCsx1 showed a basal RNase activity in the absence of ligand; upon the binding of an RNA ligand carrying four continuous adenosines at the 3′-end (3′-tetra-rA), the activated SisCsx1 degraded RNA substrate with a much higher turnover rate. Amino acid substitution mutants of SisCsx1 were obtained, and characterization of these mutant proteins showed that the CARF domain of the enzyme is responsible for binding to 3′-tetra-rA and the ligand binding strongly activates RNA cleavage by the HEPN domain. Since RNA polyadenylation is an important step in RNA decay in prokaryotes, and poly(A) RNAs can activate CARF domain proteins, the poly(A) RNA may function as an important signal in the cellular responses to viral infection and environmental stimuli, leading to degradation of both viral and host transcripts and eventually to cell dormancy or cell death.
Rab17, a novel small GTPase, is specific for epithelial cells and is induced during cell polarization

The rab subfamily of small GTPases has been demonstrated to play an important role in the regulation of membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells. Compared with nonpolarized cells, epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral transport pathways which need to be separately regulated. This raises the question whether epithelial cells require specific rab proteins. However, all rab proteins identified so far were found to be equally expressed in polarized and nonpolarized cells. Here we report the identification of rab17, the first epithelial cell- specific small GTPase. Northern blot analysis on various mouse organs, revealed that the rab17 mRNA is present in kidney, liver, and intestine but not in organs lacking epithelial cells nor in fibroblasts. To determine whether rab17 is specific for epithelial cells we studied its expression in the developing kidney. We found that rab17 is absent from the mesenchymal precursors but is induced upon their differentiation into epithelial cells. In situ hybridization studies on the embryonic kidney and intestine revealed that rab17 is restricted to epithelial cells. By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy on kidney sections, rab17 was localized to the basolateral plasma membrane and to apical tubules. Rab proteins associated with two distinct compartments have been found to regulate transport between them. Therefore, our data suggest that rab17 might be involved in transcellular transport.
The effect of service responsiveness and social emotions on service outcomes: An empirical investigation of service firms

Service responsiveness is an important contemporary issue related to organization responsiveness. Meanwhile, the extent to which service responsiveness influences emotions and service outcomes has seldom been examined empirically. The analytical results of this study are based on applying questionnaire method to accumulate dyadic data from managers and subordinates. According to those results, mechanistic and organic service responsiveness are positively correlated with positive employee social emotions and the influence of mechanistic service responsiveness exceeds that of organic service responsiveness. Mechanistic and organic service responsiveness enhances employee negative social emotions and the influence of organic service responsiveness exceeds that of mechanistic service responsiveness. Positive social emotions positively influence job and customer satisfaction. Academic and managerial implications are discussed as well.
Mothers’ experience of fathers’ support for breast-feeding

Abstract Objective To examine mothers’ experience of support received from fathers for breast-feeding. Design We conducted in-depth in-person interviews with women with recent breast-feeding experience. Interview transcripts were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Interviews were designed to explore the mothers’ perception of role of fathers in breast-feeding, education on breast-feeding that fathers received and their perception of the fathers’ view on breast-feeding. Setting Urban and suburban community. Subjects Nineteen women from a metropolitan area in the north-eastern USA. Results Ten themes emerged, these involved practical and emotional support provided by fathers, especially during times of unexpected breast-feeding challenges. In addition, mothers perceived fathers may benefit from more peer and professional support, lactation consultant service and breast-feeding education. Conclusions Mothers appreciated the support from fathers for breast-feeding continuation, including encouragement and understanding. These results may be useful for health-care practitioners to promote breast-feeding continuation by supporting fathers in their role in the breast-feeding process.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma and duodenal calcitonin-secreting neuroendocrine tumour: more than coincidence?

Summary Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose management can be problematic. In many cases, multiple tumours may occur in the same patient or his or her family, and some of these have now been defined genetically, although in other cases the underlying gene or genes involved remain unclear. We describe a patient, a 63-year-old female, who was diagnosed with a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which was confirmed pathologically after thyroidectomy, but whose circulating calcitonin levels remained elevated after thyroidectomy with no evidence of metastatic disease. Subsequently, an entirely separate and discrete duodenal NET was identified; this was 2.8 cm in diameter and was removed at partial duodenectomy. The tumour stained immunohistochemically for calcitonin, and its removal led to persistent normalisation of the circulating calcitonin levels. There was no germline mutation of the RET oncogene. This is the first identification of a duodenal NET secreting calcitonin and also the first demonstration of a second tumour secreting calcitonin in a patient with MTC. We suggest that where calcitonin levels remain high after removal of a MTC a search for other NETs should be conducted. Learning points NETs are a complex and heterogeneous group of related neoplasms, and multiple tumours may occur in the same patient. Calcitonin can be produced ectopically by several tumours outside the thyroid. Persistently elevated calcitonin levels after removal of a MTC may not necessarily indicate persisting or metastatic disease from the tumour. The real prevalence of calcitonin-producing NETs may be underestimated, as serum determination is only recommended in the diagnosis of pancreatic NETs.
Why do we produce errors of commission? An ERP study of stimulus deviance detection and error monitoring in a choice go/no‐go task

The present study investigated event‐related brain potential (ERP) reflections of stimulus deviance detection and error monitoring recorded during a go/no‐go auditory oddball task. The mismatch negativity and error negativity were analysed as indices of these processes, respectively. We examined whether errors of commission occurred because of failures to detect stimulus deviance. On error trials the mismatch negativity amplitude did not differ between big and small deviant stimuli and was clearly reduced as compared with mismatch negativity amplitude on correct trials. Following an error response an error negativity was elicited, the amplitude of which was unaffected by stimulus deviancy. This pattern of ERP results was interpreted as supporting the defective deviance detection hypothesis.