Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model-Predictive Flux Control of Induction Motor Drives With Switching Instant Optimization

Conventional model-predictive torque control (MPTC) requires tedious and time-consuming tuning work for stator flux weighting factor, and presents relatively high torque ripples. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a model-predictive flux control (MPFC) for two-level inverter-fed induction motor (IM) drives. The references of stator flux magnitude and torque in conventional MPTC are converted into an equivalent reference of stator flux vector in the proposed MPFC. As only the tracking error of stator flux vector is required in the cost function, the use of weighting factor is eliminated. The optimal voltage vector is selected based on the principle of stator flux error minimization and its switching instant is optimized rather than being in the beginning of each control period. The proposed MPFC with and without switching instant optimization are both implemented in a 32-bit floating digital signal processor, and they are compared in detail in terms of torque ripple, current harmonics, and average switching frequency. Both digital simulations and experimental tests were carried out on a two-level inverter-fed IM drive, and the obtained results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Comparative taphonomy and palaeoecology of trilobite lagerstätten

Trilobite remains display a range of taphonomic properties which provide useful information regarding the distribution of environmental conditions. Particular deposits, when viewed in proper perspective, may represent specific palaeobiological and behavioural phenomena for which tenable explanations can be proposed and evaluated. Trilobite lagerstatten typically comprise thoroughly and partially disarticulated remains, and less frequently include outstretched and/or enrolled corpses and intact exuviae. Rarely, trilobite remains (carcass, moult, or disarticulated segments) compose dense, localized patches and bioclastic deposits. Taphonomic properties appear non-randomly in the stratigraphic record and, therefore, characterize taphonomic facies (or taphofacies). Comparative taphonomy of remains provides an index by which ambient sedimentary conditions can be characterized and palaeoenvironmental settings synthesized. Trilobites, like other organisms with multi-element skeletons, were particularly sensitive.
Linear Statistical Short-Term Climate Predictive Skill in the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract In this study, the sources and strengths of statistical short-term climate predictability for local surface climate (temperature and precipitation) and 700-mb geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere are explored at all times of the year at lead times of up to one year. Canonical correlation analysis is the linear statistical methodology employed. Predictor and predictand averaging periods of 1 and 3 months are used, with four consecutive predictor periods, followed by a lead time and then a single predictand period. Predictor fields are quasi-global sea surface temperature (SST), Northern Hemisphere 700-mb height, and prior values of the predictand field itself. Cross-validation is used to obtain, to first order, uninflated skill estimates. Results reveal mainly modest statistical predictive skill except for certain fields, locations, and times of the year when predictability is far above chance expectation and good enough to be beneficial to appropriate users. The time of year when skills.
Blind Estimation of the Symbol Period of a Long-Code DS-SS Signal

Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS) signals are widely used in modern communications. The detection and parameter estimation of DS-SS signals in non- cooperative context have been paid many attentions. Up to now, most of the proposed methods consider only short-code DS-SS signals, and long-code DS-SS signals have hardly any been studied. In this paper, a method for blind estimation of the symbol period of a long-code DS-SS signal is proposed. The proposed method is based on further processing of the autocorrelation estimator. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the approach.
Cytoplasmic pH of Dictyostelium discoideum amebae during early development: identification of two cell subpopulations before the aggregation stage

Development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is initiated by the removal of nutrients, and results in formation of a mature fruiting body composed of two cell types, the stalk and spore cells. A considerable body of evidence supports the hypothesis that cytoplasmic pH may be an essential regulator of the choice to differentiate in either the prestalk or prespore pathway. We have devised methods for measurement and analysis of intracellular pH in developing Dictyostelium amebae in order to assess directly the potential role of cytoplasmic pH in regulating the pathway of differentiation. The intracellular pH of single D. discoideum amebae during development and in intact slugs has been measured using the pH- sensitive indicator pyranine in a low light level microspectrofluorometer. We have used the ATP-mediated loading method to introduce pyranine into these cells. Cells loaded by the ATP method appear healthy, have no detectable defects in development, and exhibit a similar population distribution of intracellular pH to those loaded by sonication. The intracellular pH of populations comprised of single amebae was found to undergo a transient acidification during development resulting in a bimodal distribution of intracellular pH. The subpopulations were characterized by fitting two gaussian distributions to the data. The number of cells in the acidic intracellular pH subpopulation reached a maximum 4 h after initiation of development, and had returned to a low level by 7 h of development. In addition, a random sample of single amebae within a slug had a median intracellular pH of 7.2, nearly identical to the median pH (7.19) of similarly treated vegetative cells. No gradient of intracellular pH along the anterior to posterior axis of the slug was detected. Our data demonstrate the existence of two distinct subpopulations of cells before the aggregation stage of development in Dictyostelium, and offers support for the hypothesis that changes in intracellular pH contribute to development in D. discoideum.
SSH Wavenumber Spectra in the North Pacific from a High-Resolution Realistic Simulation

AbstractFollowing recent studies based on altimetric data, this paper analyses the spectral characteristics of the sea surface height (SSH) using a new realistic simulation of the North Pacific Ocean with high resolution ( in the horizontal and 100 vertical levels). This simulation resolves smaller scales (down to ≈10 km) than altimetric data (limited to 70 km because of the noise level). In high eddy kinetic energy (EKE) regions (as in the western part), SSH spectral slope almost follows a k−4 (with k the wavenumber) or slightly steeper law in agreement with altimeter studies. The new result is that, unlike altimeter studies, such a k−4 slope is also observed in low EKE regions (as in the eastern part). In these regions, this slope mostly concerns scales not well resolved by altimetric data. Such k−4 SSH spectral slopes are weaker from what is expected from quasigeostrophic turbulence theory but closer to surface quasigeostrophic (SQG) turbulence theory. The consequence is that the small scales concerned.
Formation of a Hawking-radiation photosphere around microscopic black holes

We show that once a black hole surpasses some critical temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{crit}},$ the emitted Hawking radiation interacts with itself and forms a nearly thermal photosphere. Using QED, we show that the dominant interactions are bremsstrahlung and electron-photon pair production, and we estimate ${T}_{\mathrm{crit}}\ensuremath{\sim}{m}_{e}/{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{5/2}$, which when calculated more precisely is found to be ${T}_{\mathrm{crit}}\ensuremath{\approx}$45 GeV. The formation of the photosphere is purely a particle physics effect, and not a general relativistic effect, since the photosphere forms roughly ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ Schwarzschild radii away from the black hole. The temperature $T$ of the photosphere decreases with distance from the black hole, and the outer surface is determined by the constraint $T\ensuremath{\sim}{m}_{e}$ (for the QED case), since this is the point at which electrons and positrons annihilate, and the remaining photons free stream to infinity. Observational consequences are discussed, and it is found that, although the QED photosphere will not affect the Page-Hawking limits on primordial black holes, which is most important for 100 MeV black holes, the inclusion of QCD interactions may significantly effect this limit, since for QCD we estimate ${T}_{\mathrm{crit}}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}. $ The photosphere greatly reduces the possibility of observing individual black holes with temperatures greater than ${T}_{\mathrm{crit}},$ since the high energy particles emitted from the black hole are processed through the photosphere to a lower energy, where the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray background is much higher. The temperature of the plasma in the photosphere can be extremely high, and this offers interesting possibilities for processes such as symmetry restoration.
Learning to remove staff lines from music score images

The methods for removal of staff lines rely on characteristics specific to musical documents and they are usually not robust to some types of imperfections in the images. To overcome this limitation, we propose the use of binary morphological operator learning, a technique that estimates a local operator from a set of example images. Experimental results in both synthetic and real images show that our approach can adapt to different types of deformations and achieves similar or better performance than existing methods in most of the test scenarios.
Climate model uncertainty versus conceptual geological uncertainty in hydrological modeling

Projections of climate change impact are associated with a cascade of uncertainties including in CO 2 emission scenarios, climate models, downscaling and impact models. The relative importance of the individual uncertainty sources is expected to depend on several factors including the quantity that is projected. In the present study the impacts of climate model uncertainty and geological model uncertainty on hydraulic head, stream flow, travel time and capture zones are evaluated. Six versions of a physically based and distributed hydrological model, each containing a unique interpretation of the geological structure of the model area, are forced by 11 climate model projections. Each projection of future climate is a result of a GCM–RCM model combination (from the ENSEMBLES project) forced by the same CO 2 scenario (A1B). The changes from the reference period (1991–2010) to the future period (2081–2100) in projected hydrological variables are evaluated and the effects of geological model and climate model uncertainties are quantified. The results show that uncertainty propagation is context-dependent. While the geological conceptualization is the dominating uncertainty source for projection of travel time and capture zones, the uncertainty due to the climate models is more important for groundwater hydraulic heads and stream flow.
Perpetration of physical assault against dating partners, peers, and siblings among a locally representative sample of high school students in Boston, Massachusetts.

OBJECTIVES To assess the co-occurrence of past-month physical assault of a dating partner and violence against peers and siblings among a locally representative sample of high school students and to explore correlates of dating violence (DV) perpetration. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey design. SETTING Twenty-two public high schools in Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS A sample of urban high school students (n = 1398) who participated in the Boston Youth Survey, implemented January through April of 2008. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Self-reported physical DV in the month before the survey, defined as pushing, shoving, slapping, hitting, punching, kicking, or choking a dating partner 1 or more times. RESULTS Among the respondents, 18.7%, 41.2%, and 31.2% of students reported past-month perpetration of physical DV, peer violence, and sibling violence, respectively. Among violence perpetrators, the perpetration of DV only was rare (7.9%). Controlling for age and school, the association between sibling violence and DV was strong for boys (adjusted prevalence ratio, 3.81; 95% confidence interval, 2.07-6.99) and for girls (1.83; 1.44-2.31), and the association between peer violence and DV perpetration was strong for boys (5.13; 3.15-8.35) and for girls (2.57; 1.87-3.52). Dating violence perpetration was also associated with substance use, knife carrying, delinquency, and exposure to community violence. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who perpetrated physical DV were also likely to have perpetrated peer and/or sibling violence. Dating violence is likely one of many co-occurring adolescent problem behaviors, including sibling and peer violence perpetration, substance use, weapon carrying, and academic problems.
The Triassic isotope record

Abstract A variety of stable isotope measurements have been found useful in studying processes of environmental change. Measurements of δ13C, δ18O, δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr all can provide information about the conditions of the water column in which sediment deposition occurred, but the most widely applied of these is δ13C. The carbon isotope record for the Triassic System is a complex one; a pronounced negative excursion begins below the base of the Triassic System and continues into the basal Triassic. The succeeding 4 to 6 Ma Lower Triassic interval is marked by isotopic instability, with positive and negative excursions, continuing through the basal Middle Triassic. In contrast to the Lower Triassic, most of the Middle and Upper Triassic display relative isotopic stability, with rising values of δ13C likely reflecting environmental recovery and increasing storage of organic carbon in terrestrial environments. The uppermost Triassic is marked by a pronounced negative excursion near the system boundary that has been linked to significant biotic turnover. The causes of the various excursions remain under investigation, particularly those at the system boundaries, with outgassing during volcanic activity, changes in productivity, ocean anoxia, and seafloor methane releases all suggested as mechanisms both for perturbing the global carbon cycle and for forcing biotic extinction.
A modern canyon-fed sandy turbidite system of the Norwegian continental margin

The sedimentary processes and evolution of a presumably old but still relatively recent active canyon-fed sandy turbidite system on the Norwegian continental margin, the Andoya Canyon - Lofoten Basin Channel system, were studied using high-resolution seismic, deep-towed side-scan sonar records and cores (gravity and vibro cores). The canyon has a length of about 40 km and represents a continental slope incision of up to 1100 m. From the canyon mouth, a deep-sea channel up to 30 m deep and 3 km wide continues for approximately 200 km into the deepest part of the Lofoten Basin. The most recent activity of this system was deposition of coarse-grained sediments from turbidity currents as indicated by sediment waves on the canyon floor, thin sand layers within the levees and a sandy lobe at the channel mouth. From this modern system we suggest that there are a number of features that could be of relevance for hydrocarbon exploration of deep-water turbidite systems: a) this canyon-fed system probably received sand from piracy of shelf sediments and/or canyon wall erosion, b) the sandy deposits are located in the deepest part of the basin, about 200 km outside the canyon mouth, c) the sandy lobe is connected to the source area by a straight channel with poorly developed mud-rich levees, d) the sandy deposits have a sheet-like or tabular geometry, e) post-depositional deformation of the sand could be widespread suggesting rapid sand deposition. Thus, modern, canyon-fed sandy turbidite systems provide additional data relevant for future hydrocarbon prospecting in deep-water areas.
Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in patients with multiple sclerosis

Background Reports on fatty acids levels in multiple sclerosis remain inconclusive. Objective To determine the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid levels in multiple sclerosis patients and correlate with Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale. Methods Fatty acid composition of 31 multiple sclerosis and 30 control individuals were measured by gas chromatography. Results The membrane phosphatidylcholine C20:4n – 6 concentration was lower in the multiple sclerosis patients when compared to that of the control group, P = 0.04 and it correlated inversely with the EDSS and FSS. Conclusion Decrease in C20:4n – 6 in the erythrocyte membrane could be an indication of depleted plasma stores, and a reflection of disease severity.
Summary knowledge of results for skill acquisition: support for the guidance hypothesis.

Summary knowledge of results (KR) involves the presentation KR for each of a set of trials (e.g., 10) only after the last trial in the set has been completed. Earlier, Lavery (1962) showed that, relative to providing KR after each trial, a 20-trial summary KR was detrimental to performance in a practice phase with KR present but was beneficial for a no-KR retention test. Using a relatively simple ballistic-timing task, we examined summary lengths of 1 (essentially KR after every trial), 5, 10, and 15 trials, searching for an inverted-U relationship between summary length and retention performance as predicated by a guidance hypothesis for KR. During acquisition when KR was present and being manipulated, all groups showed improvements in performance across practice, while increased summary lengths generally depressed performance. However, in a delayed no-KR retention test, there was an inverse relation between the summary length in acquisition and absolute constant error on the retention test. A guidance hypothesis is favored to explain how, relative to immediate KR, long KR summaries can provide detrimental effects in acquisition while enhancing retention performance.
Effective use of DCTS for contextualizing features for speaker recognition

This article proposes a new approach for contextualizing features for speaker recognition through the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Specifically, we apply a 2D-DCT transform on the Mel filterbank outputs to replace the common Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) appended by deltas and double deltas. A thorough comparison of algorithms for delta computation and DCT-based contextualization for speaker recognition is provided and the effect of varying the size of analysis window in each case is considered. Selection of 2D-DCT coefficients using a zig-zag approach permits definition of an arbitrary feature dimension using the most energized coefficients. We show that 60 coefficients computed using our approach outperforms the standard MFCCs appended with double deltas by up to 25% relative on the NIST 2012 speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) corpus in both Cprimary and equal error rate (EER) while additional coefficients increase system robustness to noise.
Petrophysical evaluation of a slope fan/basin-floor fan complex: Cherry Canyon Formation, Ward County, Texas

The Cherry Canyon Formation consists of a 925-ft (280-m) thick section of up to 25 different sandstone and siltstone units that were deposited in deep water in the Delaware basin. Lowstand sedimentation by fluid density currents with periodic turbidity currents resulted in a broad migrating channelized slope fan/basin-floor fan complex exhibiting a complex depositional architecture of reservoir sandstones. Original depositional fabric modified by diagenetic cements and authigenic clays create a range of petrophysical rock types. Type I reservoirs are found in channel sandstones; beds of lesser reservoir quality (type II) are present in laminated overbank/interchannel sandstones. A practical pore geometry classification scheme based on pore/grain shapes and pore throat rad i is used to understand fluid saturations and predict well performance within the context of the depositional framework and structural relief. Pore geometry factors combine with insufficient structural closure to create high water saturations throughout the oil column. Type I (macroporous) reservoirs exhibit oil-water transition zones, and are interbedded with type II (mesoporous to microporous) reservoirs which contain all or mostly water due to high capillarity associated with small pore throat size. Accurate reservoir water saturations can be derived using Archie's equation; when combined with a movable oil analysis and drainage relative-permeability/fractional-flow curves, initial watercuts can be predicted to maximize deliverability from optimal rock types. High original water saturations in the transition zone decrease average water saturations behind the waterflood front, resulting in inefficient secondary recovery. A combined application of sedimentological, petrophysical, logging, and reservoir engineering technologies is necessary to properly evaluate the Cherry Canyon reservoirs.
Nonlinear learning-based adaptive control for electromagnetic actuators

We present in this paper our preliminary results on the problem of learning-based adaptive trajectory tracking control for electromagnetic actuators. First, we develop a nominal nonlinear backstepping controller that stabilizes the tracking errors asymptotically and globally. Second, we robustify the nominal controller using a model-free learning technique, namely, multiparameter extremum seeking, to estimate the uncertain model parameters. In this sense we are proposing to solve an adaptive control problem with model-free learning-based algorithms. We show the performance of the proposed controller on a numerical example.
Selection for blood pressure levels in mice.

Response to two-way selection for systolic blood pressure was immediate and continuous for about eight generations. In the twelfth generation, the High males differed from the Low males by 38 mmHG; the females differed by 39 mmHg. There was little overlap between the two lines and they were statistically significant from each other and from the Random control line. There appeared to be no more additive genetic variance in the eleventh and twelfth generations. Causes for the cessation of response are explored. This is probably due to a combination of natural selection acting to reduce litter sizes in the Low line, a higher incidence of sudden deaths in the High line, and loss of favorable alleles as both selection lines went through a population bottleneck in the ninth generation. -In the eleventh generation, the selected lines were used to produce F(1), F(2), and backcross generations. A genetic analysis yielded significant additive and dominance components in the inheritance of systolic blood pressure.