Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appetitive Aggression and Adverse Childhood Experiences Shape Violent Behavior in Females Formerly Associated with Combat

This study investigated the impact of violent experiences during childhood, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and appetitive aggression on everyday violent behavior in Burundian females with varying participation in war. Moreover, group differences in trauma-related and aggression variables were expected. Appetitive aggression describes the perception of violence perpetration as fascinating and appealing and is a common phenomenon in former combatants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 158 females, either former combatants, supporters of armed forces or civilians during the civil war in Burundi. The PTSD Symptom Scale Interview was used to assess PTSD symptom severity, the Appetitive Aggression Scale to measure appetitive aggression and the Domestic and Community Violence Checklist to assess both childhood maltreatment and recent aggressive behavior. Former combatants had experienced more traumatic events, perpetrated more violence and reported higher levels of appetitive aggression than supporters and civilians. They also suffered more severely from PTSD symptoms than civilians but not than supporters. The groups did not differ regarding childhood maltreatment. Both appetitive aggression and childhood violence predicted ongoing aggressive behavior, whereas the latter outperformed PTSD symptom severity. These findings support current research showing that adverse childhood experiences and a positive attitude toward aggression serve as the basis for aggressive behavior and promote an ongoing cycle of violence in post-conflict regions. Female members of armed groups are in need of demobilization procedures including trauma-related care and interventions addressing appetitive aggression.
Polymer-Aluminium Adhesion. I. The Surface Energy of Aluminium in Relation to its Surface Treatment

Abstract The influence of different surface treatments (degreasing, phosphatization, sealed and non-sealed anodization) on the surface energy of an aluminium substrate has been examined. The surface energy has been determined by wettability measurements using the two liquid phase method and taking into account the roughness and porosity of the treated substrate. The comparison of the interfacial interaction energies Al/polymer and Al/water shows that the treatment leading to the highest γD S value and the lowest surface polarity, i. e. phosphatization, gives the highest adhesion strength and the best moisture resistance of the metal/polymer assembly.
miR160 and miR166/165 Contribute to the LEC2-Mediated Auxin Response Involved in the Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Arabidopsis

MicroRNAs are non-coding small RNA molecules that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the genes that control various developmental processes in plants, including zygotic embryogenesis (ZE). miRNAs are also believed to regulate somatic embryogenesis (SE), a counterpart of the ZE that is induced in vitro in plant somatic cells. However, the roles of specific miRNAs in the regulation of the genes involved in SE, in particular those encoding transcription factors (TFs) with an essential function during SE including LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2), remain mostly unknown. The aim of the study was to reveal the function of miR165/166 and miR160 in the LEC2-controlled pathway of SE that is induced in in vitro cultured Arabidopsis explants.In ZE, miR165/166 controls the PHABULOSA/PHAVOLUTA (PHB/PHV) genes, which are the positive regulators of LEC2, while miR160 targets the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARF10, ARF16, ARF17) that control the auxin signaling pathway, which plays key role in LEC2-mediated SE. We found that a deregulated expression/function of miR165/166 and miR160 resulted in a significant accumulation of auxin in the cultured explants and the spontaneous formation of somatic embryos. Our results show that miR165/166 might contribute to SE induction via targeting PHB, a positive regulator of LEC2 that controls embryogenic induction via activation of auxin biosynthesis pathway (Wójcikowska et al., 2013). Similar to miR165/166, miR160 was indicated to control SE induction through auxin-related pathways and the negative impact of miR160 on ARF10/ARF16/ARF17 was shown in an embryogenic culture. Altogether, the results suggest that the miR165/166- and miR160-node contribute to the LEC2-mediated auxin-related pathway of embryogenic transition that is induced in the somatic cells of Arabidopsis. A model summarizing the suggested regulatory interactions between the miR165/166-PHB and miR160-ARF10/ARF16/ARF17 nodes that control SE induction in Arabidopsis was proposed.
Novel Architectures for High-Speed and Low-Power 3-2, 4-2 and 5-2 Compressors

The 3-2, 4-2 and 5-2 compressors are the basic components in many applications, in particular partial product summation in multipliers. In this paper novel architectures and designs of high speed, low power 3-2, 4-2 and 5-2 compressors capable of operating at ultra-low voltages are presented. The power consumption, delay and area of these new compressor architectures are compared with existing and recently proposed compressor architectures and are shown to perform better. The proposed architecture lays emphasis on the use of multiplexers in arithmetic circuits that result in high speed and efficient design. Also in all existing implementations of XOR gate and multiplexers, both output and its complement are available but current designs of compressors do not use these outputs efficiently. In the proposed architecture these outputs are efficiently utilized to improve the performance of compressors. The combination of low power, low transistor count and lesser delay makes the new compressors a viable option for efficient design
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine [March 6, 19581 DISCUSSION ON VASCULAR DISEASE OF THE SPINAL CORD

Dr. J. Sommerville: I have treated 26 cases with isoniazid (250 mg. per day) for periods of from seven to thirty-two weeks. In only 1 of these 26 cases was there a suspicion of pulmonary involvement, but subsequent X-ray findings disproved any activity. In reports so far published on the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with isoniazid the average number claimed as clinically cured is 25%; the M.R. C. report, confirms a distinct tendency in these cases to drug resistance, increasing from 11 % at the end of the first month to 71 % at the end of three months. Of our 26 cases of skin tuberculosis not one has failed to show continued improvement: this apparent difference in response I am not able to ekplain. We. claim 7 clinically cured and 8 almost so, the remainder showing varying degrees of progress.
A Clinical Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of MultiHance (Gadobenate Dimeglumine) and Omniscan (Gadodiamide) in Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Central Nervous System Pathology

Runge VM, Armstrong MR, Barr RG, et al. A clinical comparison of the safety and efficacy of MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine) and Omniscan (gadodiamide) in magnetic resonance imaging in patients with central nervous system pathology. Invest Radiol 2001;36:65–71. rationale and objectives. The safety and diagnostic efficacy of MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine) in the central nervous system (CNS) were evaluated in a double-blind, multicenter, phase III clinical trial. methods.Two hundred five patients highly suspected of having a CNS lesion (by previous imaging exam) were enrolled at 16 sites in the United States. Patients were randomized to one of three incremental dosing regimens. Magnetic resonance imaging with Omniscan (gadodiamide) at doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mmol/kg was compared with MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine) at doses of 0.05 and 0.15 mmol/kg and at 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg. results.Compared with predose images alone, efficacy was demonstrated in each of the gadobenate dimeglumine and gadodiamide groups (single and cumulative doses) as indicated by the level of diagnostic information, number of lesions detected, and contrast-to-noise ratio measurements. The level of diagnostic information from gadobenate dimeglumine at 0.1 mmol/kg was equivalent to that with gadodiamide at the same dose. One of the two blinded reviewers found equivalence between the gadobenate dimeglumine 0.05 mmol/kg dose and gadodiamide at 0.1 mmol/kg. Both reviewers found the level of diagnostic information to be equivalent after the second dose of contrast for all three dosing regimens. The cumulative doses of gadobenate dimeglumine were well tolerated and as safe as gadodiamide. conclusions.Gadobenate dimeglumine is comparable to gadodiamide in terms of safety and efficacy for imaging of CNS lesions, with a possible advantage in imaging applications owing to enhanced T1 relaxivity.
Steady-state diffusional creep

Abstract The theory of steady-state diffusional creep is developed for a material in which the grains are large and the dislocations form the principal sources and sinks for vacancies. Under a given applied shear stress p there is an equilibrium length of link in the dislocation network, only slightly longer than that link which provides a dislocation source under the applied stress. The dislocation density increases by the operation of Bardeen-Herring sources, and decreases as dislocations of opposite sign climb towards one another and annihilate. When diffusion occurs predominantly through the bulk of the crystal, the rate of strain is proportional to p 3. At lower temperatures, where diffusion occurs predominantly along the cores of dislocations, the rate of strain is proportional to p 5.
Manganese superoxide dismutase alanine-to-valine polymorphism at codon 16 and lung cancer risk.

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of a specific type of reactive oxygen species, superoxide radicals, into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen(1). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to the initiation or promotion of cancer (2,3). MnSOD, the only known superoxide scavenger in mitochondria, may be particularly important for antioxidant defense because mitochondria are the major sites for cellular metabolism and hence production of reactive oxygen species(4). The signal sequence is essential for correct transport and processing of proteins by mitochondria(5). Indirect evidence suggests that the alanine-to-valine polymorphism at codon 16 (Ala16Val) in the signal sequence of MnSOD (5), also described as the –9 position (6), produces a conformational change in the helical structure of the protein. This change may decrease the efficiency of transport into mitochondria for the Val isoform of the protein(6,7), although other studies(8,9) support alternate and opposing functional effects of this polymorphism. The Ala16Val MnSOD polymorphism is common among Caucasians [with a frequency of 41%–55% (8–11)]. In the present study, we evaluated the association of the common Ala16Val MnSOD polymorphism with the overall risk of lung cancer in a large Caucasian population. We hypothesized that individuals with the Val allele, associated with less efficient MnSOD enzyme transport into the mitochondria, have an increased susceptibility to lung cancer because of the more rapid accumulation of cancer-causing reactive oxygen species. As part of an ongoing, hospitalbased, lung cancer case–control study initiated in 1992 at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2783 participants were enrolled as of September 2000. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at both the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. This study population has been described in detail previously (12– 16). DNA was available, and the MnSOD polymorphism was genotyped successfully for 2560 (92%) participants. 2
Effect of Changes to the Neighborhood Built Environment on Physical Activity in a Low-Income African American Neighborhood

Introduction Obesity is a public health problem that is due in part to low levels of physical activity. Physical activity levels are influenced by the built environment. We examined how changes in the built environment affected residents' physical activity levels in a low-income, primarily African American neighborhood in New Orleans. Methods We built a 6-block walking path and installed a school playground in an intervention neighborhood. We measured physical activity levels in this neighborhood and in 2 matched comparison neighborhoods by self-report, using door-to-door surveys, and by direct observations of neighborhood residents outside before (2006) and after (2008) the interventions. We used Pearson χ2 tests of independence to assess bivariate associations and logistic regression models to assess the effect of the interventions. Results Neighborhoods were comparable at baseline in demographic composition, choice of physical activity locations, and percentage of residents who participated in physical activity. Self-reported physical activity increased over time in most neighborhoods. The proportion of residents observed who were active increased significantly in the section of the intervention neighborhood with the path compared with comparison neighborhoods. Among residents who were observed engaging in physical activity, 41% were moderately to vigorously active in the section of the intervention neighborhood with the path compared with 24% and 38% in the comparison neighborhoods at the postintervention measurement (P < .001). Conclusion Changes to the built environment may increase neighborhood physical activity in low-income, African American neighborhoods.
High-Performance Lightweight Concrete for the Precast Prestressed Concrete Industry

A comprehensive experimental program was designed in order to investigate the mechanical and durability properties of high performance lightweight concrete. The concrete mixture was prepared in order to obtain a specific value of the compressive strength at 28 days of age (75 MPa). Testing was carried out on a large number of lightweight concrete specimens. The following properties were investigated: compressive, flexural and splitting-tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, fracture parameters, concrete-steel bond properties, drying shrinkage and durability properties. The test results show that high-performance lightweight concrete has considerable potential for the precast/prestressed industry.
Five‐year histological and serological follow‐up of operationally tolerant pediatric liver transplant recipients enrolled in WISP‐R

Pediatric liver transplant recipients arguably have the most to gain and the most to lose from discontinuing immunosuppression (IS). Whereas IS undoubtedly exerts a cumulative toll, there is concern that insufficient or no IS may contribute to allograft deterioration. Twelve pediatric recipients of parental living donor liver grafts, identified as operationally tolerant through complete IS withdrawal (WISP‐R; NCT00320606), were followed for a total of 5 years (1 year of IS withdrawal and 4 years off IS) with serial liver tests and autoantibody and alloantibody assessments. Liver biopsies were performed 2 and 4 years off IS, and, at these time points, immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and C1q binding activity for donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) were determined. There were no cases of chronic rejection, graft loss, or death. Allografts did not exhibit progressive increase in inflammation or fibrosis. Smooth‐muscle actin expression by stellate cells and CD34 expression by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells remained stable, consistent with the absence of progressive graft injury. Three subjects never exhibited DSA. However, 3 subjects showed intermittent de novo class I DSA, 4 subjects showed persistent de novo class II DSA, and 5 subjects showed persistent preexisting class II DSA. Class II DSA was predominantly against donor DQ antigens, often of high mean fluorescence intensity, rarely of the IgG3 subclass, and often capable of binding C1q. Conclusion: Operationally tolerant pediatric liver transplant recipients maintain generally stable allograft histology in spite of apparently active humoral allo‐immune responses. The absence of increased inflammation or progressive fibrosis suggests that a subset of liver allografts seem resistant to the chronic injury that is characteristic of antibody‐mediated damage. (Hepatology 2017;65:647‐660)
Extending CSP with Tests for Availability

We consider the language of CSP extended with a construct that allows processes to test whether a particular event is available (w ithout actually performing the event). We present an operational semantics for this language, together with two congruent denotational semantic models. We also show how this extended language can be simulated using standard CSP, so as to be able to analyse systems using the model checker FDR.
A randomized controlled trial comparing short versus long‐term catheterization after uncomplicated vaginal prolapse surgery

Aims: Routine catheterization following vaginal prolapse surgery has advantages like prevention of postoperative retention of urine and prevention of any adverse effect on surgical outcome. However, it increases the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), prevent early ambulation and prolong hospital stay. This randomized controlled trial was done on how best to minimize catheter related complication after prolapse surgery.
Clearance of α-Synuclein Oligomeric Intermediates via the Lysosomal Degradation Pathway

Cytoplasmic deposition of α-synuclein aggregates is a common pathological feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Strong evidence for the causative role of α-synuclein in these disorders is provided by genetic linkage between this gene and familial Parkinson's disease and by neurodegeneration in transgenic animals that overexpress this protein. In particular, it has been hypothesized that the accumulation of nonfibrillar oligomers of α-synuclein, which serve as intermediates for fibrillar inclusion body formation, causes neurodegeneration. However, little is known about how cells handle potentially toxic protein aggregates. Here we demonstrate that cells are capable of clearing preformed α-synuclein aggregates via the lysosomal degradation pathway. Consequently, blocking this pathway causes the accumulation of the aggregates in non-neuronal cells, differentiated neuroblastoma cells, and primary cortical neurons. This aggregate clearance occurs in an aggregation stage-specific manner; oligomeric intermediates are susceptible to clearance, whereas mature fibrillar inclusion bodies are not. Neutralization of the acidic compartments leads to the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and exacerbates α-synuclein toxicity in postmitotic neuronal cells, suggesting that the accumulation of oligomeric intermediates may be an important event leading to α-synuclein-mediated cell death. These results suggest that enhancing lysosomal function may be a potential therapeutic strategy to halt or even prevent the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other Lewy body diseases.
Expression of PAFR as Part of a Prosurvival Response to Chemotherapy: A Novel Target for Combination Therapy in Melanoma

Melanoma cells express the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) and, thus, respond to PAF, a bioactive lipid produced by both tumour cells and those in the tumour microenvironment such as macrophages. Here, we show that treatment of a human melanoma SKmel37 cell line with cisplatin led to increased expression of PAFR and its accumulation. In the presence of exogenous PAF, melanoma cells were significantly more resistant to cisplatin-induced cell death. Inhibition of PAFR-dependent signalling pathways by a PAFR antagonist (WEB2086) showed chemosensitisation of melanoma cells in vitro. Nude mice were inoculated with SKmel37 cells and treated with cisplatin and WEB2086. Animals treated with both agents showed significantly decreased tumour growth compared to the control group and groups treated with only one agent. PAFR accumulation and signalling are part of a prosurvival program of melanoma cells, therefore constituting a promising target for combination therapy for melanomas.
18FDG‐PET/CT: 21st century approach to leukemic tumors in 124 cases

Extramedullary tumors remain an obstacle to curing more acute leukemia patients. Their incidence is unknown because the presence of occult tumors that contribute to relapse is not routinely sought as in other cancers. No standard approach exists for treating tumors at most sites, apparent clinical response is typically followed by further tumors, and achievement of lengthy remission is uncommon. Body scanning with 18FDG PET/CT now provides a means to identify the extent of occult tumors that enables directed tumor eradication and a way to evaluate tumor response. To evaluate its potential benefits, analysis was undertaken of 124 published cases scanned after apparent tumors were diagnosed. Clinical and radiologic exams underestimated extent of disease in over half of 100 cases. Among 70 cases that reported scans after various treatments, 70% achieved negative scans. Half relapsed subsequently but disease‐free survivals up to 6 years were documented. These reported cases add to our knowledge of extramedullary leukemia in showing that further tumors are more likely than marrow relapse, clinical and radiologic evaluation of response is inadequate, intensive chemotherapy alone generally does not prevent progression and is associated with significant mortality, and tumor‐directed plus systemic therapies appears the most effective approach, particularly to AML tumors. This analysis suggests this technology could increase our ability to eradicate all foci of leukemia, and identify tumors responsible for refractory, residual, and relapsed disease. Am. J. Hematol. 91:379–384, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CCII+ current conveyor based BIC monitor for I/sub DDQ/ testing of complex CMOS circuits

In this paper, a quiescent built-in current (BIC) monitor based on a second generation current conveyor CCII+ is presented. The monitor circuit minimises the power supply voltage degradation and provides a sensitive detection of defects that cause an elevated value of the I/sub DDQ/ current The proposed monitor offers an accurate current measurement and has a wide operation range. The CCII+ based current monitor is able to handle huge digital ASICs. Significant results summarising possibilities and limitations of the circuit are discussed as well. The design was implemented through Alcatel-Mietec 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and an evaluation of the prototype chips has been carried out. An experimental application of the proposed monitor in new analogue self-test structure was considered.