Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking Performance Correlates of Changes in Perceived Intensity of Emotion During Different Interpretations of a Chopin Piano Prelude

This study demonstrates a comprehensive method for linking expert musicians9 interpretive choices and associated performances to listeners9 perceptions of emotionality. In Phase 1 of the study, 10 expert pianists recorded their prepared interpretations of a highly emotional piece of music (F. Chopin9s Prelude op. 28, no. 4). They were also interviewed about their deliberate interpretive choices. In Phase 2, 28 musicians listened to the interpretations and provided postperformance ratings of expressivity and other performance aspects. During listening, subjects moved a mouse pointer on a continuous response computer interface, rating the moment-to-moment (concurrent) level of perceived emotionality. The correlation between postperformance ratings of expressivity and mean concurrent ratings was moderate (.50). In general, musical structure and the trajectory (trace) of concurrent emotionality ratings corresponded strongly. Statistically reliable trace divergences between individual performances and the grand mean performance demonstrated systematic relationships between emotionality ratings and performance data (loudness, timing). Increases in emotionality appear to be caused by specific local deviations from the performance characteristics of an average performance. Interpretive choices clustered at musical phrase boundaries. Many of the analyzed divergences were reflected in performers9 interpretive intentions as revealed in interview data.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infectious Cycle: ER Stress, Autophagic Flux, and Amphisome-Mediated Trafficking

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) induces abundant autophagy. Of the nine human herpesviruses, the VZV genome is the smallest (~124 kbp), lacking any known inhibitors of autophagy, such as the herpes simplex virus ICP34.5 neurovirulence gene. Therefore, this review assesses the evidence for VZV-induced cellular stress, endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), and autophagic flux during the VZV infectious cycle. Even though VZV is difficult to propagate in cell culture, the biosynthesis of the both N- and O-linked viral glycoproteins was found to be abundant. In turn, this biosynthesis provided evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including a greatly enlarged ER and a greatly diminished production of cellular glycoproteins. Other signs of ER stress following VZV infection included detection of the alternatively spliced higher-molecular-weight form of XBP1 as well as CHOP. VZV infection in cultured cells leads to abundant autophagosome production, as was visualized by the detection of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II). The degree of autophagy induced by VZV infection is comparable to that induced in uninfected cells by serum starvation. The inhibition of autophagic flux by chemicals such as 3-methyladenine or ATG5 siRNA, followed by diminished virus spread and titers, has been observed. Since the latter observation pointed to the virus assembly/trafficking compartments, we purified VZ virions by ultracentrifugation and examined the virion fraction for components of the autophagy pathway. We detected LC3-II protein (an autophagy marker) as well as Rab11 protein, a component of the endosomal pathway. We also observed that the virion-containing vesicles were single-walled; thus, they are not autophagosomes. These results suggested that some VZ virions after secondary envelopment were transported to the outer cell membrane in a vesicle derived from both the autophagy and endosomal pathways, such as an amphisome. Thus, these results demonstrate that herpesvirus trafficking pathways can converge with the autophagy pathway.
Spatial-temporal evolution of temperature and precipitation in Jilin Province, China

The temporal and spatial evolution of temperature and precipitation (TAP) were analyzed at annual and seasonal scale in Jilin Province from 1953 to 2009 in this study. Firstly, based on monthly TAP of 16 stations, Thiessen polygon method was used to obtain seasonal and annual temperature (mean, minimum and maximum) and precipitation of Jilin Province. Then Mann-Kendall test and power spectral analysis were applied to analyze the abrupt change point, trend and periodicity of time series. At last the spatial distribution of TAP changes rate was studied in the platform of ArcGIS. The results showed that: 1) A significant increasing trend was shown in annual mean temperature and minimum temperature of Jilin Province, which had two significant periods of 64/16 years. However, the trend of annual maximum temperature was fluctuated and insignificant, and it had an obvious period of 2-4 years. Annual precipitation showed a significant decreasing trend, of which, abrupt changes occurred in 1960s and had two periods of 32/4 years. 2) The trend of seasonal TAP was consistent with annual TAP. And the occurrence of abrupt change and periodicity of annual TAP were also consistent with those in summer. However, there was some difference in the other seasons. 3) The increasing rate of temperature in the west was higher than that in the east of Jilin Province. And the changes rate of temperature in spring and winter were higher than that in summer and autumn. However, the distribution of precipitation changes rate was opposite to that of the temperature, and it was higher in summer and autumn and lower in spring and winter.
Normal values of the vertebral body and intervertebral disk index during growth.

Vertical and sagittal diameters from the twelfth thoracic to the third lumbar vertebral body of newborns, children and adolescents were measured on 187 lateral roentgenograms which had been interpreted as normal. An index between the vertical and sagittal diameter (Ivb = v/s) was formed and values with double standard deviations were calculated. The index is significantly higher in the second month of life in D 12 and L 2 than in newborns. After the eighteenth month the index decreases, is stable, and from 4-12 years afterwards rises once more. There exists a sex difference which becomes significant in D 12 and L 1 for 4-12 year old children and in pubertal children. Girls have a higher index than boys, which was explained by higher vertical diameters in girls older than 12 years or taller than 140 cm. and by higher sagittal diameters in boys.At the same time, disk spaces in the embryologically corresponding segment of the investigated vertebral bodies were measured. An index between the disk and the next.
The Experience of Daily Hassles, Cardiovascular Reactivity and Adolescent Risk Taking and Self-Esteem

Based on Boyce and Ellis' model on context and biological sensitivity to the context, this article analyzes the interaction between the experience of daily hassles and experimentally induced cardiovascular reactivity as an indicator of stress reactivity, in explaining risk taking and self-esteem. This study found, in a sample of 599 adolescents, that (1. daily hassles were more strongly related to risk taking in boys and girls with high vs. low levels of cardiovascular reactivity and (2. taking into account the gendered experience of daily hassles was important in predicting outcomes for stress-reactive boys and girls. These results indicate that a biosocial approach may result in an increased understanding of the variability in the outcomes of stressors.
Nine Months to Progression Using Fourth-Line Liposomally Encapsulated Paclitaxel against Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer deaths. Difficulties to diagnose HCC at early stages remain the major obstacle to curative (surgical) therapy. Therapy in advanced stages has to be considered palliative. In this situation, a considerable amount of attention should be paid to innovative treatment strategies, e.g. including antiangiogenetic drugs. Results: We report on the successful treatment of a patient suffering from progressive HCC with a novel drug (EndoTAG®-1, formerly named LipoPac®) currently investigated in phase II studies. This drug consists of liposomally encapsulated paclitaxel. Its liposomal formulation favors the drug’s adherence to the tumor neovasculature, in effect starving the tumor. Conclusions: EndoTAG®-1 stopped tumor progression for 9 months in our patient. This, along with successes observed testing this drug against other indications, makes it a suitable candidate for future clinical trials.
Enhanced negative feedback responses in remitted depression

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by hypersensitivity to negative feedback that might involve frontocingulate dysfunction. MDD patients exhibit enhanced electrophysiological responses to negative internal (errors) and external (feedback) cues. Whether this dysfunction extends to remitted depressed (RD) individuals with a history of MDD is currently unknown. To address this issue, we examined the feedback-related negativity in RD and control participants using a probabilistic punishment learning task. Despite equivalent behavioral performance, RD participants showed larger feedback-related negativities to negative feedback relative to controls; group differences remained after accounting for residual anxiety and depressive symptoms. The present findings suggest that abnormal responses to negative feedback extend to samples at increased risk for depressive episodes in the absence of current symptoms.
Global Properties of Natural Scenes Shape Local Properties of Human Edge Detectors

Visual cortex analyzes images by first extracting relevant details (e.g., edges) via a large array of specialized detectors. The resulting edge map is then relayed to a processing pipeline, the final goal of which is to attribute meaning to the scene. As this process unfolds, does the global interpretation of the image affect how local feature detectors operate? We characterized the local properties of human edge detectors while we manipulated the extent to which the statistical properties of the surrounding image conformed to those encountered in natural vision. Although some aspects of local processing were unaffected by contextual manipulations, we observed significant alterations in the operating characteristics of the detector which were solely attributable to a higher-level semantic interpretation of the scene, unrelated to lower-level aspects of image statistics. Our results suggest that it may be inaccurate to regard early feature detectors as operating outside the domain of higher-level vision; although there is validity in this approach, a full understanding of their properties requires the inclusion of knowledge-based effects specific to the statistical regularities found in the natural environment.
International students in the higher education classroom: initial findings from staff at two post‐92 universities in the UK

A significant body of work has emerged over the last 10 years investigating the experiences of international university students. These studies have covered various challenges faced by some groups of international students relating to culture, language and integration and have been prompted by the increase in international students studying in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. A smaller strand of research has also begun to focus on the experiences, perspectives and reactions of academic staff who have seen the composition of their cohorts change substantially over recent years in terms of numbers of international participants. This article reviews relevant literature in this field, reporting on a questionnaire study based at two UK post‐92 universities. Respondents associated a range of traits with international students and suggested that the increasing number of international students enhanced the environment, but also required a higher level of support. This study also found that staff resorted to informal methods when developing means of adapting their practices to the increasing number of international students, preferring discussion with colleagues and students themselves to formal development programmes or advice from specialist departments such as student support. The article concludes that in order to encourage diversity in a meaningful way, universities need to recognise the challenge of increased numbers of international students and support staff accordingly.
Chemotactic peptide activation of human neutrophils and HL-60 cells. Pertussis toxin reveals correlation between inositol trisphosphate generation, calcium ion transients, and cellular activation.

The mechanism of neutrophil activation by the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) has been studied by pretreatment of human neutrophils with pertussis toxin. Upon stimulation with FMLP, the cytosolic-free calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, is increased both by stimulation of calcium influx and mobilization of cellular calcium. We have measured [Ca2+]i as well as the generation of the phospholipid breakdown product inositol trisphosphate (IP3), which is thought to mediate Ca2+ mobilization. As the phosphoinositide pool in human neutrophils is difficult to prelabel with [3H]myoinositol, experiments were also carried out in the cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 after differentiation with dimethylsulfoxide. Pertussis toxin pretreatment of both cell types inhibited FMLP stimulated membrane depolarization, exocytosis, and superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. This toxin effect was selective for the receptor agonist, since stimulation of these parameters by two substances bypassing the transduction mechanism, the calcium ionophore ionomycin and the phorbolester phorbol myristate acetate, were unaffected. Rises in [Ca2+]i, as well as generation of IP3 in response to FMLP, were inhibited in parallel; for the inhibition of functional responses, slightly lower toxin concentrations were required. The attentuation of the [Ca2+]i rise was more marked in the absence of extracellular calcium, i.e., when the rise is due only to calcium mobilization. The results provide evidence that phospholipase C stimulation by FMLP resulting in IP3 generation is involved in the signal transduction mechanism. Coupling of FMLP receptor occupancy to phospholipase C activation is sensitive to pertussis toxin, suggesting the involvement of a GTP binding protein (N protein), which has been shown to be a pertussis toxin substrate. The parallel changes in [Ca2+]i and IP3 further support the hypothesis that IP3 is the calcium-mobilizing mediator in FMLP-activated cells.
Atom-Aid: Detecting and Surviving Atomicity Violations

Writing shared-memory parallel programs is error-prone. Among the concurrency errors that programmers often face are atomicity violations, which are especially challenging. They happen when programmers make incorrect assumptions about atomicity and fail to enclose memory accesses that should occur atomically inside the same critical section. If these accesses happen to be interleaved with conflicting accesses from different threads, the program might behave incorrectly. Recent architectural proposals arbitrarily group consecutive dynamic memory operations into atomic blocks to enforce memory ordering at a coarse grain. This provides what we call implicit atomicity, as the atomic blocks are not derived from explicit program annotations. In this paper, we make the fundamental observation that implicit atomicity probabilistically hides atomicity violations by reducing the number of interleaving opportunities between memory operations. We then propose Atom-Aid, which creates implicit atomic blocks intelligently instead of arbitrarily, dramatically reducing the probability that atomicity violations will manifest themselves. Atom-Aid is also able to report where atomicity violations might exist in the code, providing resilience and debuggability. We evaluate Atom-Aid using buggy code from applications including Apache, MySQL, and XMMS, showing that Atom-Aid virtually eliminates the manifestation of atomicity violations.
Strong and significant relationships between aggregation of major coronary risk factors and the acceleration of carotid atherosclerosis in the general population of a Japanese city: the Suita Study.

BACKGROUND Carotid arterial intimal-medial thickness (IMT) measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography has come to be used as a noninvasive surrogate end point to measure progression of atherosclerosis. However, there are no detailed data on the relationship between aggregation of coronary risk factors and carotid atherogenesis. METHODS Cross-sectional assessment of the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis detected by high-resolution ultrasonography and integration of major coronary risk factors by age and sex. Subjects aged 30 to 86 years were randomly selected from Suita, located in Osaka, the second largest urban area of Japan, including 1896 men and 2102 women. Carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated by using our atherosclerotic indexes of IMT, plaque number, plaque score, and percentage of stenosis of the carotid artery assessed using ultrasonography by sex and age group classified by number of major coronary risk factors (ie, hypertension [diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mm Hg and/or systolic blood pressure > or 140 mm Hg or receiving medication], smoking [current smoker], and hypercholesterolemia [serum total cholesterol level > or =5.68 mmol/L [220 mg/dL] or receiving medication]). RESULTS The mean carotid atherosclerotic index value, especially the mean IMT value, of the subjects with 1 major coronary risk factor was on average 0.028 mm (3.2%) higher for men and 0.025 mm (2.9%) higher for women than that of the subjects without major coronary risk factors; for subjects with 2 risk factors, 0.054 mm (6.3%) higher for men and 0.053 mm (6.2%) higher for women; and for high-risk subjects with 3 major risk factors, 0.135 mm (15.8%) higher for men and 0.137 mm (15.4%) higher for women. The percentage of the subjects with severe stenosis of at least 50% increased stepwise with increases in the number of coronary risk factors and showed a significant difference (P<.05) between men and women, ie, 2.4% vs 0. 6% (P =.01) among the subjects with no risk factors; 6.7% vs 1.5% (P<.001), subjects with 1 risk factor; 10.7% vs 2.7% (P<.001), subjects with 2 risk factors; and 18.6% vs 5.0% (P =.01), high-risk subjects. CONCLUSIONS Aggregation of established major coronary risk factors strongly influenced carotid atherogenesis in both sexes. There were significant differences between sexes in the acceleration or progression of carotid atherosclerosis.
Understanding mentoring : reflective strategies for school-based teacher preparation

School-based teacher education - opportunity and challenge learning teaching - a framework for understanding mentoring the reflective coach - functions and forms of mentoring the effective facilitator - counselling and interpersonal aspects of mentoring classroom strategies and their learning potential classroom strategies and their pupil-management potential teaching competance-profiles in student assessment and development mentoring in practice - coaching tactics mentoring in practice - student programmes and organizational issues. Appendix: notes on audio, video recording and radio microphones in mentoring.
The Applicability of Developmentally Appropriate Practice for Children With Diverse Abilities

members who are planning and evaluating programs for individual children. How will we resolve these debates in this new arena? Here too, Wolery and Bredekamp provide some guidelines to help evaluate the appropriateness of practices for individual children. Although the authors provide some important guidelines for " investigators" who are evaluating practices, they do not specify who these investigators might be. Although they may be suggesting these guidelines as a general framework to guide the future research agenda on DAP, I would offer that the same dimensions they offer to investigators can be equally useful to team members attempting to gauge the suitability of any practice for a specific child. This new breed of grassroots investigators must have a set of criteria to guide their everyday decisions about how to meet each child's needs. They need to be holding each practice up to the light provided by questions in this article such as the following: Does it
Cultural perspectives on peer conflicts in multicultural Dutch child care centres

SUMMARY In this paper we discuss a study of cultural perspectives on peer conflicts in multicultural child care centres. On the level of child behaviour we did not find differences between native Dutch. Moroccan-Dutch and Antillean-Dutch children with regard to occurrence, duration and actions to solve peer conflicts. On the level of mother' opinions about interventions in peer conflicts of young children we did find more agreement than differences between the three cultural groups. On the level of images about cultural differences in parenting styles we found mutual negative stereotyping among the three cultural groups of mothers. Comparisons of their own childhood with current parenting behaviour showed that all mothers, irrespective of their cultural background, experience both continuity and adaptations to new life circumstances. Differences in style of discipline turned out to be the most critical issue in the comparisons between the generations and comparisons between the cultures.
Relationship between Interactional Justice and Pay for Performance as an Antecedent of Job Satisfaction: an Empirical Study in Malaysia

This study investigated the effect of pay for performance and interactional justice on job satisfaction using 132 usable questionnaires gathered from employees who have worked in seventeen GIATMARA centers in two states of Malaysia, that are Kuala Lumpur and Selangor (GIATMARAKLS). Outcomes of stepwise regression analysis showed that relationship between interactional justice and pay for performance features (i.e., adequacy of pay and participation in pay systems) positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction. Further, this result confirms that interactional justice does act as a full mediating variable in the pay for performance models of the organizational sample. In addition, conclusion and implications of this study are elaborated.