Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease

Hodgkin's disease, although a relatively uncommon malignancy, is one that frequently affects adolescents and young adults. The cure rate is very high; however, treatment for advanced-stage disease with chemotherapy or radiation therapy (or both) can lead to significant immediate and long-term morbidity, and, while rare, increased mortality from the development of secondary malignancies. There have been numerous epidemiologic reports citing a number of factors associated with the increased risk for the development of Hodgkin's disease. Many of these factors are related to environmental, socioeconomic, and genetic conditions. This report describes the development of Hodgkin's disease in two brothers and discusses factors associated with the increased risk of development of Hodgkin's disease, particularly in these cases.
Multimodel climate and variability of the stratosphere

The stratospheric climate and variability from simulations of sixteen chemistry-climate models is evaluated. On average the polar night jet is well reproduced though its variability is less well reproduced with a large spread between models. Polar temperature biases are less than 5 K except in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) lower stratosphere in spring. The accumulated area of low temperatures responsible for polar stratospheric cloud formation is accurately reproduced for the Antarctic but underestimated for the Arctic. The shape and position of the polar vortex is well simulated, as is the tropical upwelling in the lower stratosphere. There is a wide model spread in the frequency of major sudden stratospheric warnings (SSWs), late biases in the breakup of the SH vortex, and a weak annual cycle in the zonal wind in the tropical upper stratosphere. Quantitatively, "metrics" indicate a wide spread in model performance for most diagnostics with systematic biases in many, and poorer performance in the SH than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Correlations were found in the SH between errors in the final warming, polar temperatures, the leading mode of variability, and jet strength, and in the NH between errors in polar temperatures, frequency of major SSWs, and jet strength. Models with a stronger QBO have stronger tropical upwelling and a colder NH vortex. Both the qualitative and quantitative analysis indicate a number of common and long-standing model problems, particularly related to the simulation of the SH and stratospheric variability.
Inversion of Auditory Spectrograms, Traditional Spectrograms, and Other Envelope Representations

Envelope representations such as the auditory or traditional spectrogram can be defined by the set of envelopes from the outputs of a filterbank. Common envelope extraction methods discard information regarding the fast fluctuations, or phase, of the signal. Thus, it is difficult to invert, or reconstruct a time-domain signal from, an arbitrary envelope representation. To address this problem, a general optimization approach in the time domain is proposed here, which iteratively minimizes the distance between a target envelope representation and that of a reconstructed time-domain signal. Two implementations of this framework are presented for auditory spectrograms, where the filterbank is based on the behavior of the basilar membrane and envelope extraction is modeled on the response of inner hair cells. One implementation is direct while the other is a two-stage approach that is computationally simpler. While both can accurately invert an auditory spectrogram, the two-stage approach performs better on time-domain metrics. The same framework is applied to traditional spectrograms based on the magnitude of the short-time Fourier transform. Inspired by human perception of loudness, a modification to the framework is proposed, which leads to a more accurate inversion of traditional spectrograms.
Radical Relations: Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and Their Children in the United States Since World War II

In "Radical Relations," Daniel Winunwe Rivers offers a previously untold story of the American family: the first history of lesbian and gay parents and their children in the United States. Beginning in the postwar era, a period marked by both intense repression and dynamic change for lesbians and gay men, Rivers argues that by forging new kinds of family and childrearing relations, gay and lesbian parents have successfully challenged legal and cultural definitions of family as heterosexual. These efforts have paved the way for the contemporary focus on family and domestic rights in lesbian and gay political movements. Based on extensive archival research and 130 interviews conducted nationwide, "Radical Relations" includes the stories of lesbian mothers and gay fathers in the 1950s, lesbian and gay parental activist networks and custody battles, families struggling with the AIDS epidemic, and children growing up in lesbian feminist communities. Rivers also addresses changes in gay and lesbian parenthood in the 1980s and 1990s brought about by increased awareness of insemination technologies and changes in custody and adoption law.
Mechanisms underlying syntactic comprehension deficits in vascular aphasia: new evidence from self-paced listening

Sixty-one people with aphasia (pwa) and 41 matched controls were tested for the ability to understand sentences that required the ability to process particular syntactic elements and assign particular syntactic structures. Participants paced themselves word-by-word through 20 examples of 11 spoken sentence types and indicated which of two pictures corresponded to the meaning of each sentence. Sentences were developed in pairs such that comprehension of the experimental version of a pair required an aspect of syntactic processing not required in the corresponding baseline sentence. The need for the syntactic operations required only in the experimental version was triggered at a “critical word” in the experimental sentence. Listening times for critical words in experimental sentences were compared to those for corresponding words in the corresponding baseline sentences. The results were consistent with several models of syntactic comprehension deficits in pwa: resource reduction, slowed lexical and/or syntactic processing, abnormal susceptibility to interference from thematic roles generated non-syntactically. They suggest that a previously unidentified disturbance limiting the duration of parsing and interpretation may lead to these deficits, and that this mechanism may lead to structure-specific deficits in pwa. The results thus point to more than one mechanism underlying syntactic comprehension disorders both across and within pwa.
Embedding a Social Cause in News Features

The current two studies, one testing college students and the other testing adults, showed nearly identical comparative effects of news features about either a nonprofit organization alone or about that same nonprofit but sponsored by a commercial company. There were two exemplars of nonprofit and commercial company pairings, and each was presented as “localized. ” That is, the nonprofit and commercial company were located in the same city as the respondents or nonlocalized. Surprisingly, there was almost no indication that the commercial sponsor damaged positive responses, but there was some indication that under the localized condition, there was more negativity toward the commercial sponsorship. The elaboration likelihood model and attribution theory provide theoretical space for understanding these effects.
Some Challenges Facing Queer Youth Programs in Urban High Schools

Abstract Relatively little is known about the unique challenges facing queer youth programs such as Project 10 and Gay-Straight Alliances, housed in urban high schools where the majority of students are poor, non-White, and/or non-native English speakers. This article begins a conversation about two important issues that the author believes have an impact on queer youth programs in urban schools: racial segregation and the normalization of Whiteness. Data for the article are based on the author's participation in a school-university collaborative action research project at California High School (CHS) between 1996 and 2000. The project's research on participation in extracurricular activities led to the author's independent participant-observation in Project 10, the school's social/support group for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning students. The results of these investigations suggest that the racially segregated social environment of CHS greatly affects the participation of queer students of color in Project 10. Additionally, faculty advisors for this program seemed less aware of the social/support needs of queer youth of color. In conclusion, the author suggests that through collaborative inquiry, students, teachers, and queer youth advocates develop awareness of the relationship between the social context of urban schools and participation in extracurricular activities. He also suggests that faculty advisors and queer youth advocates become more aware of the identities of queer youth of color by diversifying the curriculum and building coalitions with students and teachers who are broadly concerned with the ways multiple forms of oppression make urban schools ineffective and unsafe.
Abundance and Activity of Methanotrophic Bacteria in Littoral and Profundal Sediments of Lake Constance (Germany)

ABSTRACT The abundances and activities of aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) were compared in depth profiles of littoral and profundal sediments of Lake Constance, Germany. Abundances were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the pmoA gene and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and data were compared to methane oxidation rates calculated from high-resolution concentration profiles. qPCR using type I MOB-specific pmoA primers indicated that type I MOB represented a major proportion in both sediments at all depths. FISH indicated that in both sediments, type I MOB outnumbered type II MOB at least fourfold. Results obtained with both techniques indicated that in the littoral sediment, the highest numbers of methanotrophs were found at a depth of 2 to 3 cm, corresponding to the zone of highest methane oxidation activity, although no oxygen could be detected in this zone. In the profundal sediment, highest methane oxidation activities were found at a depth of 1 to 2 cm, while MOB abundance decreased gradually with sediment depth. In both sediments, MOB were also present at high numbers in deeper sediment layers where no methane oxidation activity could be observed.
The Archaeotools project: faceted classification and natural language processing in an archaeological context

This paper describes ‘Archaeotools’, a major e-Science project in archaeology. The aim of the project is to use faceted classification and natural language processing to create an advanced infrastructure for archaeological research. The project aims to integrate over 1×106 structured database records referring to archaeological sites and monuments in the UK, with information extracted from semi-structured grey literature reports, and unstructured antiquarian journal accounts, in a single faceted browser interface. The project has illuminated the variable level of vocabulary control and standardization that currently exists within national and local monument inventories. Nonetheless, it has demonstrated that the relatively well-defined ontologies and thesauri that exist in archaeology mean that a high level of success can be achieved using information extraction techniques. This has great potential for unlocking and making accessible the information held in grey literature and antiquarian accounts, and has lessons for allied disciplines.
Optimal Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation for MC-NOMA Systems

In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation algorithm design for multicarrier non-orthogonal multiple access (MC-NOMA) systems. The proposed algorithm is obtained from the solution of a non-convex optimization problem for the maximization of the weighted system throughput. We employ monotonic optimization to develop the optimal joint power and subcarrier allocation policy. The optimal resource allocation policy serves as a performance benchmark due to its high complexity. Furthermore, to strike a balance between computational complexity and optimality, a suboptimal scheme with low computational complexity is proposed. Our simulation results reveal that the suboptimal algorithm achieves a close-to-optimal performance and MC-NOMA employing the proposed resource allocation algorithm provides a substantial system throughput improvement compared to conventional multicarrier orthogonal multiple access (MC-OMA).
A Duty-Cycle Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier

In this paper, a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) adjusted by the duty4 cycle of a control signal is presented. This circuit is based on the superregenerative 5 concept created by Armstrong back in the 1920’s. The technique selected allows a 6 fine control of the gain to be performed without any D/A converter at the interface 7 between the digital control and the amplifier, as generally seen in other VGAs. An 8 integrated-circuit version of the VGA was fabricated in a standard 180 nm CMOS 9 process, aimed at achieving low-power consumption. Simulation results show a 10 maximum gain of 45 dB within a 900mV linear range, 0.5% THD and a power 11 consumption of 6. 4μW. Measurements on the chip were performed and the results 12 corroborate the simulations. 13
Basis Updates 1 Solves with sequences of B and B T

Each iteration, primal and dual simplex methods and the reduced-gradient method need to solve systems of the form Bp = a and By = d (at least one of each), where B is the current square, nonsingular basis. Large problems may require hundreds of thousands of iterations. It is therefore normal to use direct methods rather than iterative methods as linear-system solvers. Typically this means sparse LU factorization methods.
A pathway to bone: signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in chondrocyte development and maturation

Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal progenitor cells to their terminal maturation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Here, we review how multiple signaling molecules, mechanical signals and morphological cell features are integrated to activate a set of key transcription factors that determine and regulate the genetic program that induces chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, we describe recent findings regarding the roles of several signaling pathways in modulating the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes in the growth plate, which is the ‘engine’ of bone elongation. Summary: This Review article discusses how signaling molecules, mechanical signals and morphological cell features are integrated to regulate chondrogenesis and bone development.
Capacity Results for a Primary MAC in the Presence of a Cognitive Radio

The capacity region of the Gaussian cognitive interference network consisting of a primary multiple access channel and a secondary point-to-point system is considered. Its capacity region with weak interference is known. In this paper, the capacity region of a sub-regime of the strong interference regime is studied. An outer bound on the capacity region of this setup with strong interference is derived. An inner bound is shown to coincide with the strong interference outer bound under some conditions, thus characterizing the capacity of this setup for a set of channel parameters.
Hierarchical Label Inference for Video Classification

Videos are a rich source of high-dimensional structured data, with a wide range of interacting components at varying levels of granularity. In order to improve understanding of unconstrained internet videos, it is important to consider the role of labels at separate levels of abstraction. In this paper, we consider the use of the Bidirectional Inference Neural Network (BINN) for performing graph-based inference in label space for the task of video classification. We take advantage of the inherent hierarchy between labels at increasing granularity. The BINN is evaluated on the first and second release of the YouTube-8M large scale multilabel video dataset. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of BINN, achieving significant improvements against baseline models.
Why are we here? A study of patient actions prior to emergency hospital admission

Introduction: Emergency department (ED) attendances and subsequent hospital admissions are rising in the United Kingdom. The reasons for this are unclear but may relate to recent changes in primary care and public perception. The actions taken by patients or their relatives before emergency hospital admission, the reasons for these actions and their outcome were determined. Methods: Adult patients admitted to an inner city teaching hospital with a medical or surgical illness were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed regarding the actions taken before arrival at hospital, the reasons for taking these actions, their outcome and future intentions. 200 patients were interviewed. Results: Direct attendance at the ED was more common when help was sought by bystanders or persons known only slightly to the patient (p = 0.03). 57 patients (28.5%) attended the ED directly, 45 of whom dialled 999 for an emergency ambulance. Most patients who attended the ED directly did so as a result of the perceived severity or urgency of their condition and there was incomplete awareness of the out-of-hours GP service. Conclusion: The majority of adult patients who are admitted to hospital with an acute illness seek professional help from primary care in the first instance. Those who attend the ED generally perceive their problem as more urgent or severe, or have an ambulance called on their behalf. The shift towards ED care appears partly driven by changes in general practice and unfamiliarity with the new arrangements for out-of-hours primary care provision.
Do depressive episodes lead to accumulation of vulnerability in the elderly?

The vulnerability‐accumulation (or scarring) hypothesis postulates that the experience of depression induces a lasting increase in vulnerability, and through this raises the risk of recurrence. We examined the validity of the vulnerability‐accumulation model for depressive episodes in later life. The sample comprised 26 elderly persons who had remitted from a depressive episode and 96 control respondents who were all selected from the participants of a large community survey among persons aged 57 years or more. Several psychosocial vulnerability indicators were assessed premorbidly, during the depressive episode and after remission. High levels of psychological distress, low life satisfaction, chronic somatic diseases, high neuroticism, and low scores on extraversion, mastery, and self‐efficacy appeared to be predictors of depression in this sample. During the depressive episode, psychological distress was higher and life satisfaction, physical, role, and social functioning, as well as feelings of self‐efficacy lower than before the episode. Physical and role functioning, cognitive function, and self‐efficacy were lower after remission compared to premorbid levels, but (other) personality indices had not changed after remission compared to premorbid levels. Furthermore, we failed to find differences between first and recurrent episodes. Support for the vulnerability‐accumulation model was limited at the most. Although psychosocial scarring may occur in the elderly, our findings tentatively suggest that this accumulation does not manifest itself in major vulnerability indicators such as neuroticism. Depression and Anxiety 18:67–75, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of High-Performance HOG Feature Calculation Circuit for Real-Time Pedestrian Detection

This paper proposes the design of high-performance histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature calculation circuit for real-time pedestrian detection. By utilizing thoroughly analyzed results of the operations for overlapping blocks and windows and by managing internal memories and registers to store the intermediate results of HOG feature efficiently, not only all redundant operations are totally removed but also trilinear interpolation technique is successfully applied in the proposed circuit. The proposed circuit can process variable sizes of input image up to full high-definition (HD) image and it supports two types of detection window and color format of input image. In order to accelerate the processing time, the proposed circuit adopts the parallel architecture with pipelines, and the external memory bandwidth is minimized by the efficient management of internal memories and registers. The circuit size is reduced by sharing the circuit resources for the common operations and by minimizing the required storage spaces. Even though a large amount of computations is required due to trilinear interpolation, the proposed circuit can process full HD images in real time, assuming a scaling factor of 0.9. Therefore, it can be used for real-time pedestrian detection in many applications.
In Mildly Symptomatic Patients, Should an Invasive Strategy with Catheterization and Revascularization Be Routinely Undertaken?: In Mildly Symptomatic Patients, an Invasive Strategy With Catheterization and Revascularization Should Be Routinely Undertaken

Medical therapies and revascularization play complementary roles in the treatment of patients with coronary atherosclerosis. In general, the degree of clinical benefit from percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), or medical therapy is proportional to the acuity of the clinical syndrome being treated. PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction1 and early angiography and revascularization for non–ST-segment elevation ACS2 have been demonstrated to improve survival and reduce myocardial infarction (MI) compared with medical therapy alone. Conversely, PCI in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has been proven to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life but has not been shown to prevent death or MI.3,4 Clinical trials and observational registries have demonstrated that objective evidence of myocardial ischemia is both qualitatively and quantitatively related to the subsequent risk of death and MI, and that greater reduction of ischemia with revascularization compared with medical therapy alone may correlate with improved event-free survival.5–7 This report examines the links between ischemia and prognosis, between revascularization and ischemia reduction, and therefore the likely relationship between revascularization and freedom from death/MI in patients with stable CAD. Ischemia documented by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion scanning (MPS) has been quantitatively correlated with the occurrence of cardiac death/MI.6 Among 10 627 consecutive patients evaluated for CAD by SPECT MPS, quantitative ischemia was directly proportional to 2-year mortality in medically treated patients, and the relative survival advantage provided by coronary revascularization (versus medical therapy alone) was directly related to the magnitude of ischemic burden (Figure 1). 6,7 The observation that revascularization above a quantitative ischemic threshold involving 10% of the left ventricle (LV)7 may be associated with an incremental survival advantage has gained acceptance. A graded relationship between …
G Proteins and Small GTPases: Distant Relatives Keep in Touch

Both low molecular weight G proteins and the larger heterotrimeric G proteins are switched on and off by binding the nucleotide GTP. New results in this issue by Kosaza et al. and Hart et al. show that these two distant relatives actually regulate one another. Hall explains in his commentary that this advance is more than just a family reunion and actually reveals the mechanism by which many fundamental cell processes that alter cell shape are regulated, including gastrulation.