Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dark Matter and Stellar Mass in the Luminous Regions of Disk Galaxies

We investigate the correlations among stellar mass (M*), disk scale length (Rd), and rotation velocity at 2.2 disk scale lengths (V2.2) for a sample of 81 disk-dominated galaxies (disk/total ≥ 0.9) selected from the SDSS. We measure V2.2 from long-slit Hα rotation curves and infer M* from galaxy i-band luminosities (Li) and g - r colors. We find logarithmic slopes of 2.60 ± 0.13 and 3.05 ± 0.12 for the (forward fit) Li-V2.2 and M*-V2.2 relations, somewhat shallower than most previous studies, with intrinsic scatter of 0.13 and 0.16 dex, respectively. Our direct estimates of the total-to-stellar mass ratio within 2.2Rd, assuming a Kroupa IMF, yield a median ratio of 2.4 for M* > 1010 M☉ and 4.4 for M* = 109-1010 M☉, with large scatter at a given M* and Rd. The typical ratio of the rotation speed predicted for the stellar disk alone to the observed rotation speed at 2.2Rd is ~0.65. The distribution of scale lengths at fixed M* is broad, but we find no correlation between disk size and the residual from the M*-V2.2 relation, implying that the M*-V2.2 relation is an approximately edge-on view of the disk galaxy fundamental plane. Independent of the assumed IMF, this result implies that stellar disks do not, on average, dominate the mass within 2.2Rd. We discuss our results in the context of infall models where disks form in adiabatically contracted cold dark matter halos. A model with a disk-to-halo mass ratio md = 0.05 provides a reasonable match to the Rd-M* distribution for spin parameters λ ranging from ~0.04 to 0.08, and it yields a reasonable match to the mean M*-V2.2 relation. A model with md = 0.1 predicts overly strong correlations between disk size and M*-V2.2 residual. Explaining the wide range of halo-to-disk mass ratios within 2.2Rd requires significant scatter in md values, with systematically lower md for galaxies with lower M* or lower stellar surface density Σ*.
The influence of African air pollution on regional and global tropospheric ozone

We investigate the influence of African biomass burning, biogenic, lightning and anthropogenic emissions on the tropospheric ozone over Africa and globally using a cou- pled global chemistry climate model. Our model studies in- dicate that surface ozone concentration may rise by up to 50 ppbv in the burning region during the biomass burning seasons. Biogenic emissions yield between 5-30 ppbv in- crease in the near surface ozone concentration over tropical Africa. The impact of lightning on surface ozone is negli- gible, while anthropogenic emissions yield a maximum of 7 ppbv increase in the annual-mean surface ozone concentra- tion over Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt. Our results show that biogenic emissions are the most important African emis- sion source affecting total tropospheric ozone. The influence of each of the African emissions on the global tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) of 384 Tg yields about 9.5 Tg, 19.6 Tg, 9.0 Tg and 4.7 Tg for biomass burning, biogenic, lightning and anthropogenic emissions emitted in Africa respectively. The impact of each of these emission categories on African TOB of 33 Tg is 2.5 Tg, 4.1 Tg, 1.75 Tg and 0.89 Tg respec- tively, which together represents about 28% of the total TOB calculated over Africa. Our model calculations also sug- gest that more than 70% of the tropospheric ozone produced by each of the African emissions is found outside the con- tinent, thus exerting a noticeable influence on a large part of the tropical troposphere. Apart from the Atlantic and In- dian Ocean, Latin America experiences the largest impact of African emissions, followed by Oceania, the Middle East, Southeast and south-central Asia, northern North America (i.e. the United States and Canada), Europe and north-central Asia, for all the emission categories.
Agglomerative-based flip-flop merging and relocation for signal wirelength and clock tree optimization

In this article, we propose a flip-flop merging algorithm based on agglomerative clustering. Compared to previous state-of-the-art on flip-flop merging, our proposed algorithm outperforms that of Chang et al. [2010] and Wang et al. [2011] in all aspects, including number of flip-flop reductions, increase in signal wirelength, displacement of flip-flops, and execution time. Our proposed algorithm also has minimal disruption to original placement. In comparison with Jiang et al. [2011], Wang et al. [2011], and Chang et al. [2010], our proposed algorithm has the least displacement when relocating merged flip-flops. While previous works on flip-flop merging focus on the number of flip-flop reduction, we further evaluate the power consumption of clock tree after flip-flop merging. To further minimize clock tree wirelength, we propose a framework that determines a preferable location for relocated merged flip-flops for clock tree synthesis (CTS). Experimental results show that our CTS-driven flip-flop merging can reduce clock tree wirelength by an average of 7.82% with minimum clock network power consumption compared to all of the previous works.
Ab initio theory of planetary materials

Abstract Ab initio simulations play an increasingly important role in the studies of deep planetary interiors. Here we review the current state of this field, concentrating on studies of the materials of the Earth’s deep interior (MgO—SiO2—FeO—Al2O3, Fe—Si—S—O) and of the interiors of giant planets (H—He system, H2O—CH4—NH3 system). In particular, novel phases and phase diagrams, insights into structural and electronic phase transitions, melting curves, thermoelasticity and the effects of impurities on physical properties of planet-forming materials are discussed.
COPING STRATEGIES OF MOTHERS WITH ASD CHILDREN

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmentaldisabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges”. American Psychiatric Association’s defined ASD as “a single disorder that includes disorders thatwere previously considered separate — autism, Asperger’s syndrome, childhood disintegrativedisorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified”. Objectives: Toexploration of the coping strategies of mother who are the primary care giver of the familyand children with ASD. This study correspondingly emphasized on the policy makers to bringthis subject to the agenda for the training (Coping) and support (Insurance) of mothers andASD children for special education needs (SEN) by the government. Study Design: Qualitativestudy. Methods: This research explored mothers coping practices with ASD children inRawalpindi by means of qualitative study design phenomenology. Theoretical frameworkused were, life course perspective and social constructivism which will facilitate the completeprocess. Interview guide is made on the format suggested by Steinar Kvale. Data analysiswill be done by two analytical techniques, grounded theory analysis. Results: The results ofthis study were categories which were generated were divided into two main parts positive/healthy and negative/impaired coping strategies they are as follow:- Positive coping strategies.a) Integration b) Networking c) Religion. And the Negative coping strategies a) Avoidance b)Ignorance c) Isolation. Conclusion: Overall, findings indicated that mothers sorrow and griefassociated with ASD is common in every mother. Mothers coped by educating themselves.Findings indicated feelings of shock, grief and acceptance were the part of mother’s responses,on the discovery of their child’s autism diagnosis. Findings indicated daily routines were notaffected but the ASD child.
Essays in the economics of subjective well-being

This thesis explores three major issues in the burgeoning empirical literature on the determinants of subjective well-being (SWB). While economic theory assumes that it is current consumption that matters to SWB, empirical work has focused almost exclusively on the effect of income. In Part 1, we use household panel data from Russia and Britain to show that neither the standard theoretical account, nor the standard empirical practice may be adequate. Consumption, income, and wealth each contribute separately to SWB, in particular via perceptions of status and anticipation of the future; and omitting consumption from SWB equations significantly understates the importance of money to SWB. Distinguishing between consumption and income is also important to identifying reference effects. In Part 2, we confirm earlier findings that others' income has a positive (informational) effect on SWB in Russia, but show that others' consumption has an offsetting negative (comparison) effect. The net effect depends on how we define individuals' reference groups. We develop a novel econometric model that lets us estimate these reference groups from the data. Contrary to previous results, we conclude that comparison dominates information.Most SWB analyses focus on the average effects of money, relationships, and other outcomes across a given population; yet there may be significant differences in what is important to different people. In Part 3, we employ parametric and semi-parametric random coefficient models to show that there are large differences in the determinants of individual SWB in Britain, and (in contrast to previous work) that such differences cannot simply be attributed to differences in individuals' reporting functions. While individual differences correlate with (some) observable demographic variables, they do not generally correlate with individuals' perceptions about what is important to them. The results of SWB research may therefore be a useful source of information.
Automated measurements of power electronics research test rig for investigation of single-phase matrix converter operating as a controlled rectifier

This paper investigates and implement an automated measurement system for measuring power electronics research test rig based on single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) operating as a controlled rectifier. The output waveform of voltage and current are measured by an oscilloscope that is connected to a PC via a LabVIEW interface. The advantages of this method are its capability to process the data without the hassle of external aid and ability to record longer data length a limitation in normal oscilloscopes.
A General Approach for Efficiently Accelerating Software-based Dynamic Data Flow Tracking on Commodity Hardware

Despite the demonstrated usefulness of dynamic data flow tracking (DDFT) techniques in a variety of security applications, the poor performance achieved by available prototypes prevents their widespread adoption and use in production systems. We present and evaluate a novel methodology for improving the performance overhead of DDFT frameworks, by combining static and dynamic analysis. Our intuition is to separate the program logic from the corresponding tracking logic, extracting the semantics of the latter and abstracting them using a Taint Flow Algebra. We then apply optimization techniques to eliminate redundant tracking logic and minimize interference with the target program. Our optimizations are directly applicable to binary-only software and do not require any high level semantics. Furthermore, they do not require additional resources to improve performance, neither do they restrict or remove functionality. Most importantly, our approach is orthogonal to optimizations devised in the past, and can deliver additive performance benefits. We extensively evaluate the correctness and impact of our optimizations, by augmenting a freely available high-performance DDFT framework, and applying it to multiple applications, including command line utilities, server applications, language runtimes, and web browsers. Our results show a speedup of DDFT by as much as 2.23×, with an average of 1.72× across all tested applications.
Manifold regularized multitask feature learning for multimodality disease classification

Multimodality based methods have shown great advantages in classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, that is, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recently, multitask feature selection methods are typically used for joint selection of common features across multiple modalities. However, one disadvantage of existing multimodality based methods is that they ignore the useful data distribution information in each modality, which is essential for subsequent classification. Accordingly, in this paper we propose a manifold regularized multitask feature learning method to preserve both the intrinsic relatedness among multiple modalities of data and the data distribution information in each modality. Specifically, we denote the feature learning on each modality as a single task, and use group‐sparsity regularizer to capture the intrinsic relatedness among multiple tasks (i.e., modalities) and jointly select the common features from multiple tasks. Furthermore, we introduce a new manifold‐based Laplacian regularizer to preserve the data distribution information from each task. Finally, we use the multikernel support vector machine method to fuse multimodality data for eventual classification. Conversely, we also extend our method to the semisupervised setting, where only partial data are labeled. We evaluate our method using the baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data of subjects from AD neuroimaging initiative database. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can not only achieve improved classification performance, but also help to discover the disease‐related brain regions useful for disease diagnosis. Hum Brain Mapp 36:489–507, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Reliability, Validity, and Feasibility of Multisource Feedback Physician Assessment: A Systematic Review

Purpose The use of multisource feedback (MSF) or 360-degree evaluation has become a recognized method of assessing physician performance in practice. The purpose of the present systematic review was to investigate the reliability, generalizability, validity, and feasibility of MSF for the assessment of physicians. Method The authors searched the EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL databases for peer-reviewed, English-language articles published from 1975 to January, 2013. Studies were included if they met the follow ing inclusion criteria: used one or more MSF instruments to assess physician performance in practice; reported psychometric evidence of the instrument(s) in the form of reliability, generalizability coefficients, and construct or criterion-related validity; and provided information regarding the administration or feasibility of the process in collecting the feedback data. Results Of the 96 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 43 articles were included. The use of MSF has been shown to be an effective method for providing feedback to physicians from a multitude of specialties about their clinical and nonclinical (i.e., professionalism, communication, interpersonal relationship, management) performance. In general, assessment of physician performance was based on the completion of the MSF instruments by 8 medical colleagues, 8 coworkers, and 25 patients to achieve adequate reliability and generalizability coefficients of &agr; ≥ 0.90 and Ep2 ≥ 0.80, respectively. Conclusions The use of MSF employing medical colleagues, coworkers, and patients as a method to assess physicians in practice has been shown to have high reliability, validity, and feasibility.
Learning from Disagreeing Demonstrators

We study the problem of learning from disagreeing demonstrators. We present a model that suggests how it might be possible to design an incentive-compatible mechanism that combines demonstrations from human agents who disagree on the evaluation of the demonstrated task. Apart from comonotonicity of preferences over atomic outcomes, we make no assumptions over the preferences of our demonstrators. We then suggest that a reputation mechanism is sufficient to elicit cooperative behavior from otherwise competitive human agents.
Analisis Faktor Biomotor dan Psikomotor Dominan Penentu Kemampuan Groundstroke Forehand Tenis Lapangan

The purpose of study is to find out the dominant factors of biomotor and psychomotor determining tennis groundstroke forehand ability. The research methods were using a quantitative approach and confirmatory factor analysis design. The data collection was processed and analyzed by using Statistical Program Computerized system with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) Version 23 and try-out Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's Test. The population in this study was 40 students of coaching achievement tennis FKIP UNS Surakarta. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data collection techniques applied the test and measurement. The results of study as follows: biomotor and psychomotor factors that determine the tennis ability of forehand groundstrokes on having components value factor ? 0,5? is : grip strength with the factors component value of (0.84), flexibility with the factors component value of (0.34), limb muscle power by the factors component value of (0.82), speed with the factors component value of (0.91), cardiovascular endurance the factors component value of (0.79), hand-eye coordination with the factors component value of (0.50), agility with the factors component value of (0.79). The conclusion of study as follows: biomotor and psychomotor were the most dominant factors determining the forehand groundstrokes ability. Biomotor factors are the speed with the value (0.91) and psychomotor factors are the agility with the value (0.79).
Effect of Vision Therapy on Accommodation in Myopic Chinese Children

Introduction. We evaluated the effectiveness of office-based accommodative/vergence therapy (OBAVT) with home reinforcement to improve accommodative function in myopic children with poor accommodative response. Methods. This was a prospective unmasked pilot study. 14 Chinese myopic children aged 8 to 12 years with at least 1 D of lag of accommodation were enrolled. All subjects received 12 weeks of 60-minute office-based accommodative/vergence therapy (OBAVT) with home reinforcement. Primary outcome measure was the change in monocular lag of accommodation from baseline visit to 12-week visit measured by Shinnipon open-field autorefractor. Secondary outcome measures were the changes in accommodative amplitude and monocular accommodative facility. Results. All participants completed the study. The lag of accommodation at baseline visit was 1.29 ± 0.21 D and it was reduced to 0.84 ± 0.19 D at 12-week visit. This difference (−0.46 ± 0.22 D; 95% confidence interval: −0.33 to −0.58 D) is statistically significant (p < 0.0001). OBAVT also increased the amplitude and facility by 3.66 ± 3.36 D (p = 0.0013; 95% confidence interval: 1.72 to 5.60 D) and 10.9 ± 4.8 cpm (p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval: 8.1 to 13.6 cpm), respectively. Conclusion. Standardized 12 weeks of OBAVT with home reinforcement is able to significantly reduce monocular lag of accommodation and increase monocular accommodative amplitude and facility. A randomized clinical trial designed to investigate the effect of vision therapy on myopia progression is warranted.
Sporting Success, Role Models and Participation: A Policy Related Review

Methodologies employed in role model research are characterised by case study approaches, observer surveys and process monitoring. The absence of control groups, the lack of consensus on concepts involved and the need for longer-term studies have prevented rigorous systematic research. Sporting role models are important to young people and can be influential in their behaviour and values. The level of interest engendered by programmes such as Sporting Champions is high, and they are generally very well received. Converting interest to activity is not yet substantiated.
Parents as Coping Coaches for Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Single-Arm Pilot Feasibility Trial of a Brief, Group-Based, Cognitive–Behavioral Intervention Promoting Caregiver Self-Regulation

This project describes the development, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of Parents as Coping Coaches (PaCC), a brief, group-based, cognitive–behavioral intervention designed to target caregiver burden and distress tolerance for parents of adolescents with chronic pain. Participants included parents (N = 22) of adolescents (N = 22, age 12–18) with idiopathic chronic pain. Our primary aim was to test whether PaCC, designed to meet unmet caregiver needs, was feasible and acceptable. Using a pre- and posttest design, we assessed caregiving burden, parent distress tolerance, protective parenting responses to the adolescent’s pain, readiness to change, adolescent pain burden, and adolescent functional disability. Most parents approached were enrolled (71%), attended all sessions (68%), provided follow-up data (95%), and were very satisfied with the 3 weekly sessions. Consistent with hypotheses, participation in the PaCC intervention was related to decreases in caregiving burden, protective and monitoring parenting responses to the adolescent’s pain, and parent-perceived adolescent pain burden and disability. Associations between parent and adolescent reports of readiness to change were observed pre- and postintervention. Collectively, initial findings demonstrate feasibility, acceptability, and promising preliminary efficacy for PaCC.
Gradient and curvature from the photometric-stereo method, including local confidence estimation

The photometric-stereo method is one technique for three-dimensional shape determination that has been implemented in a variety of experimental settings and that has produced consistently good results. The idea is to use intensity values recorded from multiple images obtained from the same viewpoint but under different conditions of illumination. The resulting radiometric constraint makes it possible to obtain local estimates of both surface orientation and surface curvature without requiring either global smoothness assumptions or prior image segmentation. Photometric stereo is moved one step closer to practical possibility by a description of an experimental setting in which surface gradient estimation is achieved on full-frame video data at near-video-frame rates (i.e., 15 Hz). The implementation uses commercially available hardware. Reflectance is modeled empirically with measurements obtained from a calibration sphere. Estimation of the gradient (p, q) requires only simple table lookup. Curvature estimation additionally uses the reflectance map R(p, q). The required lookup table and reflectance maps are derived during calibration. Because reflectance is modeled empirically, no prior physical model of the reflectance characteristics of the objects to be analyzed is assumed. At the same time, if a good physical model is available, it can be retrofitted to the method for implementation purposes. Photometric stereo is subject to error in the presence of cast shadows and interreflection. No purely local technique can succeed because these phenomena are inherently nonlocal. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that one can exploit the redundancy in three-light-source photometric stereo to detect locally, in most cases, the presence of cast shadows and interreflection. Detection is facilitated by the explicit inclusion of a local confidence estimate in the lookup table used for gradient estimation.
A Sharp Restricted Isometry Constant Bound of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit

We shall show that if the restricted isometry constant (RIC) $\delta_{s+1}(A)$ of the measurement matrix $A$ satisfies $$ \delta_{s+1}(A) < \frac{1}{\sqrt{s + 1}}, $$ then the greedy algorithm Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP) will succeed. That is, OMP can recover every $s$-sparse signal $x$ in $s$ iterations from $b = Ax$. Moreover, we shall show the upper bound of RIC is sharp in the following sense. For any given $s \in \N$, we shall construct a matrix $A$ with the RIC $$ \delta_{s+1}(A) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{s + 1}} $$ such that OMP may not recover some $s$-sparse signal $x$ in $s$ iterations.