Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of Support for the Association between Facial Shape and Aggression: A Reappraisal Based on a Worldwide Population Genetics Perspective

Antisocial and criminal behaviors are multifactorial traits whose interpretation relies on multiple disciplines. Since these interpretations may have social, moral and legal implications, a constant review of the evidence is necessary before any scientific claim is considered as truth. A recent study proposed that men with wider faces relative to facial height (fWHR) are more likely to develop unethical behaviour mediated by a psychological sense of power. This research was based on reports suggesting that sexual dimorphism and selection would be responsible for a correlation between fWHR and aggression. Here we show that 4,960 individuals from 94 modern human populations belonging to a vast array of genetic and cultural contexts do not display significant amounts of fWHR sexual dimorphism. Further analyses using populations with associated ethnographical records as well as samples of male prisoners of the Mexico City Federal Penitentiary condemned by crimes of variable level of inter-personal aggression (homicide, robbery, and minor faults) did not show significant evidence, suggesting that populations/individuals with higher levels of bellicosity, aggressive behaviour, or power-mediated behaviour display greater fWHR. Finally, a regression analysis of fWHR on individual's fitness showed no significant correlation between this facial trait and reproductive success. Overall, our results suggest that facial attributes are poor predictors of aggressive behaviour, or at least, that sexual selection was weak enough to leave a signal on patterns of between- and within-sex and population facial variation.
Theoretical Basis for Physically Correct Measurement and Interpretation of Magnetic Energy Losses

This paper discusses fundamental physical mechanisms that are responsible for specific errors of standardized methods of magnetic loss measurements on laminated soft magnetic materials. It is shown that the Poyntings theorem offers an exact distinction between localized loss portions on the one hand and total losses on the other hand. Further, a clear distinction is suggested between mechanisms of hysteresis and eddy currents. The correct applicability of experimental measurements proves to be restricted to cases where the Poynting vector is restricted to normal off-plane components. This represents the only case where total losses can be determined on the basis of surface field and cross-sectional averaged induction. As a consequence, physically “correct” loss measurements are to be restricted to sample regions that exhibit mere axial magnetization, in exact ways. This is attainable with a single sheet tester, the homogeneously magnetized region of which is equipped with an induction coil and a large-area tangential field coil, in consistent ways.
Investigation of Self-Excited Synchronous Reluctance Generators

In this paper, an analytical model in the $dq$ reference frame is developed to recognize the steady state of the self-excited reluctance generator considering no-load and resistive load conditions. A fast method to estimate the minimum capacitance requirement is proposed. Experiments have been carried out to verify the analytical results. After that, attention is paid to the capability of self-excitation in the reluctance generator with different residual magnetisms in the rotor. Different levels of residual rotor magnetism are achieved by different magnetizing dc currents. An indicative value of phase current is defined to determine the self-excitation and the required minimum residual rotor magnetism for self-excitation in the reluctance generator connected with different capacitances is discussed. At last, the capability of self-excitation in the reluctance generator by connecting charged capacitors is investigated.
Formation and Melt-Down of Softening-Melting Zone in Blast Furnace

Synopsis The jJrocesses oj Jormation and melt-down oj the softening- meltillg zOlle discussed based on the results oj dissection oj water-quenched blast Jurnaces. (I ) Iron ore oj 1111 ore layer are gradllal(y transformed Jrom lumpy to softenillg and then half-mollell and jillalfy molten dowlI. This transformation is mainfy ifected by hot reducing gases passing through the ore layer. (2) T wo processes m~y be considered Jor metal melt-down. Gne is the Jormation oJ" icicles" }Tom a mixture oj metal lJarticles and molten slag. The other is the rapid carburization oj the metallic iron which contacls hot coke at about 1 500"C. Silicon is 1I0t yet transferred into the metallic iroll in either oj these IJrocesses. (3) The origillal slag Jormed ill granules ~f pellets and lumpy ore is rich ill FeO. After the separatioll oj grallules, it blends with slag Jrom sinter. The cOlllellt oj FeO ill the slag blend further decreases by gas reductioll. COllsequentfy, the FeO content oj the slag just bifore melt-dowlI is onfy a Jew I}ercellt. (4) The compositiolls ~f dropped metal and slag evidentfy chanRe after the shut-dowlI oj the blast. Therifore, it is very difficult to estimate the change in comj}ositioll during the dropping process.
The effect of errorless learning on quality of life in patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome

Background Errorless learning (EL) is a promising rehabilitation principle for (re)learning instrumental activities in patients with amnesia, including patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS). Successfully (re)learning tasks might improve the sense of competence and independence, and subsequently the quality of life. Quality of life in patients with KS has received limited attention, and no studies have been conducted to experimentally examine the effect of EL on quality of life in patients in this patient group. Materials and methods The QUALIDEM, an observation scale for quality of life, was completed by professional nurses before and after EL training in a group of fifty-one patients with KS. This scale was also completed for a group of thirty-one control patients receiving care as usual but no EL training. Results Quality of life was significantly increased on eight of the nine subscales in the Korsakoff group who participated in an EL training. There was a trend toward a significant increase in “positive affect” (ie, the ninth subscale). In contrast, no changes over time were found on any of the subscales in the control group that did not participate in any EL training. Conclusion Despite severe memory impairments, patients with KS still have the potential to (partially) (re)learn tasks using EL. This potential should be exploited, as the successes of (re)-learning might improve the quality of life of Korsakoff patients in nursing homes.
Comparison of Circumference Measures and Height–Weight Tables With Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Assessment of Body Composition in R.O.T.C. Cadets

Abstract Mitchell, KM, Pritchett, RC, Gee, DL, and Pritchett, KL. Comparison of circumference measures and height–weight tables with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment of body composition in R.O. T.C. cadets. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2552–2556, 2017—Height–weight tables and circumference measures are used by the U.S. Army to predict body composition because they require little equipment or expertise. However, agreement between the Army's new 2002 circumference equation and an established laboratory technique has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to quantify agreement in body fat percentages between the Army's circumference measures (taping) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); second to determine categorical agreement between height–weight tables and DXA. Male Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) cadets (N = 23; 20.6 ± 1.6 years, 179.1 ± 6.6 cm; 81.4 ± 10.3 kg) were taped according to Army protocol to predict body fat. The % body fat prediction was compared with DXA through a Bland-Altman Plot with ±2–4% body fat established as a zone of agreement (ZOA). Thirteen out of 23 cadets fell outside the ZOA. No cadet was over the compliance threshold (20–22% fat) using the tape method, however, with DXA, 7 out of 23 cadets were noncompliant. Height–weight tables provided a moderate level of categorical agreement with DXA. The results depict poor agreement between taping and DXA, as taping generally underestimated % body fat. Compared with taping, height–weight tables were better able to identify excess fat weight.
Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in Gliding Postures at Their Cruise Speeds

The sailfish and swordfish are known as the fastest sea animals, reaching their maximum speeds of around 100 km/h. In the present study, we investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of these fishes in their cruise speeds of about 1 body length per second. We install a taxidermy specimen of each fish in a wind tunnel, and measure the drag on its body and boundary-layer velocity above its body surface at the Reynolds number corresponding to its cruising condition. The drag coefficients of the sailfish and swordfish based on the free-stream velocity and their wetted areas are measured to be 0.0075 and 0.0091, respectively, at their cruising conditions. These drag coefficients are very low and comparable to those of tuna and pike and smaller than those of dogfish and small-size trout. On the other hand, the long bill is one of the most distinguished features of these fishes from other fishes, and we study its role on the ability of drag modification. The drag on the fish without the bill or with an artificially-made shorter one is slightly smaller than that with the original bill, indicating that the bill itself does not contribute to any drag reduction at its cruise speed. From the velocity measurement near the body surface, we find that at the cruise speed flow separation does not occur over the whole body even without the bill, and the boundary layer flow is affected only at the anterior part of the body by the bill.
A general approach to continuous‐time Gm‐C filters

A general topology for transconductance‐capacitor (Gm‐C) filters is presented that permits any continuous‐time analog Gm‐C filter to be analysed via a matrix‐description. Based on these matrices, explicit formulas are derived for the transfer function and the sensitivities valid for any Gm‐C filter topology. The approach leads to a useful relationship between the passive capacitor network of the filter and the degree of its transfer function. The matrix‐based approach is formulated especially for efficient use in computer‐aided analysis and design of Gm‐C filters, but ‘hand designs’ of Gm‐C IFLF and LF filters are given as illustrative examples. A new, more general definition of Gm‐C state‐space filters is proposed. Connections between the state matrices for voltage‐ and current‐mode state‐space Gm‐C filters are formulated and two canonical transformations are defined that convert state‐space filters into direct state‐space ones, i.e. those having only grounded capacitors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic cancers with lessons learned from non-gynecologic cancers

ABSTRACT Introduction: The immune system plays a critical role in controlling cancer through a dynamic relationship with cancer cells. Immunotherapy can establish a sustained immune response against recurring cancer cells leading to long-term remissions for cancer patients. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which work by targeting molecules that regulate immune responses, might be a promising avenue of immunotherapeutic research in gynecologic cancers. Areas covered: This review focuses on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed death receptors such as PD-1 and PD1-ligand in gynecologic cancers. Combinatorial approaches utilizing immunotherapeutic agents with conventional treatments as well as immune-related response criteria and the adverse effects arising due to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy have been also discussed in the review. Expert opinion: After years of very little success, a better understanding of the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment in suppressing anticancer immunity and the exploration of treatment regimens using immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination have finally led to the development of effective cancer immunotherapies and to improve survival of patients with certain types of advanced cancers. While the clinical experience with immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic cancer patients remains limited, early signal of clinical activity strongly suggest that immunotherapy will play a significant role in the year to come in at least a subset of gynecologic cancer patients.
Time Course Change in Muscle Swelling: High-Intensity vs. Blood Flow Restriction Exercise

Abstract This study determined the time course for changes in muscle swelling and plasma volume following high (HI) and low-intensity resistance exercise with blood-flow restriction (LI-BFR). Ten male participants (22.1±3.0 yrs) completed three experimental conditions: high-intensity exercise (HI - 80% of 1RM), low-intensity exercise with BFR (LI-BFR –20% of 1RM, and 160 mmHg of BFR), and control (CON – no exercise or BFR). Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), muscle thickness, thigh circumference, and percentage change in plasma volume (PV%∆) were measured. mCSA was significantly greater than rest values at 15 min post-exercise (p<0.01) for HI and LI-BFR, and at 75 min post-exercise (p<0.01) for HI. Muscle thickness was significantly greater than rest immediately post-exercise (p<0.01) and 30 min post-exercise (p<0.01) for HI and LI-BFR, and at 60 min post-exercise for HI (p=0.01). Muscle thickness was greater for BFR immediately post-exercise compared to HI (p=0.01) post-exercise. Thigh circumference was significantly greater from rest at 15 min post-exercise (p=0.01) and at 75 min post-exercise for both LI-BFR (p=0.03) and HI (p<0.01). PV%∆ significantly decreased from rest immediately post-exercise for both HI (p<0.01) and LI-BFR (p<0.01). In conclusion, BFR exercise induces changes in muscle swelling and plasma volume similar to those observed at high-intensities.
Circuit analog of a beam and its application to multimodal vibration damping, using piezoelectric transducers

In this paper we solve the synthesis problem of finding a completely passive electric circuit analog to a vibrating beam. The synthesis problem is of interest when one wants to suppress beam mechanical vibrations by using distributed piezoelectric transduction. Indeed, an effective electromechanical energy transduction is guaranteed when the electric circuit (interconnecting the transducers' terminals) is resonant at all mechanical resonance frequencies and is able to mimic all the mechanical modal shapes. The designed electric circuit behaves as an electric controller of mechanical vibrations (i.e. an electric vibration damper) once suitably endowed with a set of resistors. Because of its completely passive nature, it does not require external power units and stands as an economical means of controlling vibrations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macro-Invertebrate Decline in Surface Water Polluted with Imidacloprid

Imidacloprid is one of the most widely used insecticides in the world. Its concentration in surface water exceeds the water quality norms in many parts of the Netherlands. Several studies have demonstrated harmful effects of this neonicotinoid to a wide range of non-target species. Therefore we expected that surface water pollution with imidacloprid would negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. Availability of extensive monitoring data on the abundance of aquatic macro-invertebrate species, and on imidacloprid concentrations in surface water in the Netherlands enabled us to test this hypothesis. Our regression analysis showed a significant negative relationship (P<0.001) between macro-invertebrate abundance and imidacloprid concentration for all species pooled. A significant negative relationship was also found for the orders Amphipoda, Basommatophora, Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Isopoda, and for several species separately. The order Odonata had a negative relationship very close to the significance threshold of 0.05 (P = 0.051). However, in accordance with previous research, a positive relationship was found for the order Actinedida. We used the monitoring field data to test whether the existing three water quality norms for imidacloprid in the Netherlands are protective in real conditions. Our data show that macrofauna abundance drops sharply between 13 and 67 ng l−1. For aquatic ecosystem protection, two of the norms are not protective at all while the strictest norm of 13 ng l−1 (MTR) seems somewhat protective. In addition to the existing experimental evidence on the negative effects of imidacloprid on invertebrate life, our study, based on data from large-scale field monitoring during multiple years, shows that serious concern about the far-reaching consequences of the abundant use of imidacloprid for aquatic ecosystems is justified.
Bridging Heterogeneous Domains With Parallel Transport For Vision and Multimedia Applications

Accounting for different feature types across datasets is a relatively under-studied problem in domain adaptation. We address this heterogeneous adaptation setting using principles from parallel transport and hierarchical sparse coding. By learning generative subspaces from each domain, we first perform label-independent cross-domain feature mapping using parallel transport, and obtain a collection of paths (bridges) that could compensate domain shifts. We encode the information contained in these bridges into an expanded prior, and then integrate the prior into a hierarchical sparse coding framework to learn a selective subset of codes representing holistic data properties that are robust to domain change and feature type variations. We then utilize label information on the sparse codes to perform classification, or in the absence of labels perform clustering, and obtain improved results on several previously studied heterogeneous adaptation datasets. We highlight the flexibility of our approach by accounting for multiple heterogeneous domains in training as well as in testing, and by considering the zero-shot domain transfer scenario where there are data categories in testing which are not seen during training. In that process we also empirically show how existing heterogeneous adaptation solutions can benefit from the findings of our study.
A Secretory Protein of Necrotrophic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum That Suppresses Host Resistance

SSITL (SS1G_14133) of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum encodes a protein with 302 amino acid residues including a signal peptide, its secretion property was confirmed with immunolocalization and immunofluorescence techniques. SSITL was classified in the integrin alpha N-terminal domain superfamily, and its 3D structure is similar to those of human integrin α4-subunit and a fungal integrin-like protein. When S. sclerotiorum was inoculated to its host, high expression of SSITL was detected during the initial stages of infection (1.5–3.0 hpi). Targeted silencing of SSITL resulted in a significant reduction in virulence; on the other hand, inoculation of SSITL silenced transformant A10 initiated strong and rapid defense response in Arabidopsis, the highest expressions of defense genes PDF1.2 and PR-1 appeared at 3 hpi which was 9 hr earlier than that time when plants were inoculated with the wild-type strain of S. sclerotiorum. Systemic resistance induced by A10 was detected by analysis of the expression of PDF1.2 and PR-1, and confirmed following inoculation with Botrytis cinerea. A10 induced much larger lesions on Arabidopsis mutant ein2 and jar1, and slightly larger lesions on mutant pad4 and NahG in comparison with the wild-type plants. Furthermore, both transient and constitutive expression of SSITL in Arabidopsis suppressed the expression of PDF1.2 and led to be more susceptible to A10 and the wild-type strain of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. Our results suggested that SSITL is an effector possibly and plays significant role in the suppression of jasmonic/ethylene (JA/ET) signal pathway mediated resistance at the early stage of infection.
Linear Computation for Independent Social Influence

Recent years have witnessed the increased interests in exploiting influence in social networks for many applications. To the best of our knowledge, from the computational aspect of social influence analysis, most of existing work focus on either describing the influence propagation process or identifying the set of most influential seed nodes. However, these work usually do not distinguish the "independent influence" of each single seed node after removing other seeds. Since it is important to quickly figure out the real contribution of each seed, in this paper we propose to measure the seed's independent influence by a linear social influence model. Specifically, we first describe the linear social influence model, and then define the independent influence under this model for eliminating the "mutual enrichment" between seed nodes. Meanwhile, we find that the influence of a set of nodes is actually the sum of their independent influence, and we also give upper bounds for independent influence. Moreover, these findings are evaluated by two applications, i.e., ranking the seeds by their independent influence and identifying the Top-K influential ones. Finally, the experimental results on several real-world datasets validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed independent social influence measures.
An excitable Rho GTPase signaling network generates dynamic subcellular contraction patterns

Rho GTPase-based signaling networks control cellular dynamics by coordinating protrusions and retractions in space and time. Here, we reveal a signaling network that generates pulses and propagating waves of cell contractions. These dynamic patterns emerge via self-organization from an activator–inhibitor network, in which the small GTPase Rho amplifies its activity by recruiting its activator, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. Rho also inhibits itself by local recruitment of actomyosin and the associated RhoGAP Myo9b. This network structure enables spontaneous, self-limiting patterns of subcellular contractility that can explore mechanical cues in the extracellular environment. Indeed, actomyosin pulse frequency in cells is altered by matrix elasticity, showing that coupling of contractility pulses to environmental deformations modulates network dynamics. Thus, our study reveals a mechanism that integrates intracellular biochemical and extracellular mechanical signals into subcellular activity patterns to control cellular contractility dynamics.