Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression of BMP2 and BMP receptors in chick retina & choroid induced by imposed optical defocus

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated the defocus sign-dependent, bidirectional gene expression regulation of bone morphogenetic proteins, BMP2, 4 and 7 in chick RPE. In this study, we examined the effects of imposed positive (+10 D) and negative (−10 D) lenses on the gene expression of these BMPs and BMP receptors (BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2) in chick retina and choroid after monocular lens treatment for 2 or 48 h, as indicators of the roles of retinal and choroidal BMPs and receptors in postnatal eye growth regulation. In retina, although all genes were expressed, neither +10 nor −10 D lenses, worn for either 2 or 48 h, significantly altered gene expression. In contrast, treatment-related differential gene expression was detected in the choroid for both BMPs and their receptors, although interestingly, with the +10 D lens, BMP2 was up-regulated by 156.7 ± 19.7% after 2 h, while BMPR1A was down-regulated to 82.3 ± 12.5% only after 48 h. With the −10 D lens, only the gene expression of BMPR1B was significantly altered, being up-regulated by 162.3 ± 21.2% after 48 h. Untreated birds showed no difference in expression between their two eyes, for any of the genes examined. The finding that retinal gene expression for BMP2, 4, 7 and their receptors are not affected by short-term optical defocus contrasts with previous observations of sign-dependent expression changes for the same genes in the RPE. The latter changes were also larger and more consistent in direction than the choroidal gene expression changes reported here. The interrelationship between these various changes and their biological significance for eye growth regulation are yet to be elucidated.
Inducing Jealousy

Partners in 150 heterosexual romantic relationships were asked to indicate if, why, and how they had intentionally attempted to induce jealousy in their partner. Females were more likely to report inducement than males, especially if they were relatively more involved in the relationship. Females were also more likely to cite desire for a specific reward as the motive for inducing jealousy. These findings are consistent with a power and dependency perspective on jealousy.
Seeing is not stereotyping: the functional independence of categorization and stereotype activation

Abstract Social categorization has been viewed as necessarily resulting in stereotyping, yet extant research suggests the two processes are differentially sensitive to task manipulations. Here, we simultaneously test the degree to which race perception and stereotyping are conditionally automatic. Participants performed a sequential priming task while either explicitly attending to the race of face primes or directing attention away from their semantic nature. We find a dissociation between the perceptual encoding of race and subsequent activation of associated stereotypes, with race perception occurring in both task conditions, but implicit stereotyping occurring only when attention is directed to the race of the face primes. These results support a clear conceptual distinction between categorization and stereotyping and show that the encoding of racial category need not result in stereotype activation.
Coordination of Distinct Motor Structures through Remote Axonal Coupling of Projection Interneurons

Complex behaviors often require coordinated movements of dissimilar motor structures. The underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated cycle-by-cycle coordination of two dissimilar feeding structures in Aplysia californica: the external lips and the internal radula. During feeding, the lips open while the radula protracts. Lip and radula motoneurons are located in the cerebral and buccal ganglia, respectively, and radula motoneurons are controlled by a well characterized buccal central pattern generator (CPG). Here, we examined whether the three electrically coupled lip motoneurons C15/16/17 are controlled by the buccal CPG or by a previously postulated cerebral CPG. Two buccal–cerebral projection interneurons, B34 and B63, which are part of the buccal CPG and mediate radula protraction, monosynaptically excite C15/16/17. Recordings from the B34 axon in the cerebral ganglion demonstrate its direct electrical coupling with C15/16/17, eliminating the need for a cerebral CPG. Moreover, when the multifunctional buccal CPG generates multiple forms of motor programs due to the activation of two inputs, the command-like neuron CBI-2 and the esophageal nerve (EN), C15/16 exhibit activity patterns that are distinct from C17. These distinct activity patterns result from combined activity of B34 and B63 and their differential excitation of C15/16 versus C17. In more general terms, we identified neuronal mechanisms that allow a single CPG to coordinate the phasing and activity of remotely located motoneurons innervating distinct structures that participate in the production of different motor outputs. We also demonstrated that axodendritic electrical coupling by projection interneurons plays a pivotal role in coordinating activity of these remotely located neurons.
Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Dis- tributed Artificial Intelligence A Review

dent on automated intelligent systems; at the same time, these systems have become more and more complicated. Society’s expectation regarding the capabilities and intelligence of such systems has also grown. We have become a more complicated society with more complicated problems. As the expectation of intelligent systems rises, we discover many more applications for AI. Additionally, as the difficulty level and computational requirements of such problems rise, there is a need to distribute the problem solving. Although the field of multiagent systems and distributed AI is relatively young, the importance and applicability of this technology for solving today’s problems continues to grow. As the title indicates, Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence covers the design and development of multiagent and distributed AI systems. The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. It is an excellent collection of closely related papers that provides a wonderful introduction to multiagent systems and distributed AI. The book provides not only basic introductory information but also detailed discussions covering the important topics in the field, practical examples and applications, and a section dedicated to the relationship between multiagent systems and various other research areas. This book compiles the important concepts and methodologies required to develop a multiagent system in an understandable, and comprehensive, manner. Not only does the book focus on the known solutions and issues, it also discusses the open questions and dilemmas. The prologue begins by defining distributed AI as “the study, construc-
Detection of West Nile Viral RNA from an Overwintering Pool of Culex pipens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Jersey, 2003

Abstract In total, 1,324 Culex pipiens pipiens L. female mosquitoes were collected at Ft. Hancock, Monmouth County, New Jersey, from January to March 2001–2003. Mosquitoes were held in an insectary at 27°C and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h for 6 to 21 d after which they were tested in 34 pools. West Nile viral RNA was detected in one pool by a TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay; however, infectious virus could not be isolated using either Vero cell plaque assay or C6/36 mosquito cells. Twenty females dissected in January and March 2003 confirmed ovarian diapause status. We suggest that the mode of infection in this pool of overwintering females may have been due to vertical (transgenerational) transmission.
Rap-music Attitude and Perception Scale: A Validation Study

Objective: This study tests the validity of the Rap-music Attitude and Perception (RAP) Scale, a 1-page, 24-item measure of a person’s thoughts and feelings surrounding the effects and content of rap music. The RAP was designed as a rapid assessment instrument for youth programs and practitioners using rap music and hip hop culture in their work with young people, their families, and their communities. Method: The factor structure validity, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency reliability of the RAP was assessed using a convenience sample of 605 young (M = 20.22 years, SD = 2.8) college students. Results: Multiple groups method and structural equation modeling analyses confirmed the three-factor model (empowerment, violent-misogynistic, and artistic-esthetic) of the RAP. Reliability and criterion-related validity results were also good. Conclusions: The RAP has sound psychometric properties, and its utility as a research and assessment tool for scholars and practitioners is promising.
Reducing Stress of Farm Men and Women.

The "farm crisis" has meant that many rural professionals have been called upon to intervene with farm families under stress. The purpose of this article is to provide empirical support for the development of stress management programs for such families. The results suggest that the task of family life educators is to help farm men and women augment their personal and social resources while managing high financial and work demands. 'H i ow can you plan your life when you don't know if you'll be farming next year? I work hard, but it's all out of my hands, It's the bank, the weather, the price of wheat . it's sad" (male, age 50, wheat farmer).
Between Intimacy and Intolerance

This article explores how Greek Cypriot elementary school children construct their identities in relation to Sri Lankan and Filipino women who come to Cyprus as domestic workers. The article focuses primarily on the views of children whose families employ these women; however, the views of children whose families do not employ domestic workers are also explored to illustrate how these women are popularly constructed in children's imaginations and in the absence of direct daily interaction with them. The study reveals that children access different cultural discourses and construct identities that are often ambivalent and contradictory and are revealing of new forms of nationalism and racism. For the children whose families employ domestic workers, the home becomes an arena for renegotiating their status as children in their interactions with these women. Thus, the encounter between Self and Other becomes critical to understanding reconstituted definitions of childhood and adulthood.
BRIEF REPORT Gratitude and prosocial behaviour: An experimental test of gratitude

McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons, and Larson (2001) posited that gratitude prompts individuals to behave prosocially. However, research supporting the prosocial effect of gratitude has relied on scenario and self-report methodology. To address limitations of previous research, this experiment utilised a laboratory induction of gratitude, a method that is potentially more covert than scenarios and that elicits actual grateful emotion. Prosocial responses to gratitude—operationalised as the distribution of resources to another—were paired with a self-report measure of gratitude to test the prosocial effect of gratitude. To investigate positive mood as an alternative explanation, this experiment compared responses of individuals receiving a favour to responses of individuals receiving a positive outcome by chance. A total of 40 participants were randomly assigned to either a Favour or Chance condition. Participants receiving a favour helped more and reported more gratitude compared to participants in the Chance condition.
Oncogenic potential of EAG K+ channels

We have investigated the possible implication of the cell cycle‐regulated K+ channel ether à go‐go (EAG) in cell proliferation and transformation. We show that transfection of EAG into mammalian cells confers a transformed phenotype. In addition, human EAG mRNA is detected in several somatic cancer cell lines, despite being preferentially expressed in brain among normal tissues. Inhibition of EAG expression in several of these cancer cell lines causes a significant reduction of cell proliferation. Moreover, the expression of EAG favours tumour progression when transfected cells are injected into immune‐depressed mice. These data provide evidence for the oncogenic potential of EAG.
Moraxella catarrhalis Macrolide-Resistant Isolates Are Highly Concentrated in Two MLST Clonal Complexes -CCN10 and CC363

To gain some insights into the molecular evolution of Moraxella catarrhalis macrolide resistance, PCR and sequencing analysis of the 23S rRNA gene, copB typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed on 181 M. catarrhalis isolates. The isolates were obtained from children (n = 47) and adults (n = 134) presenting with respiratory disease in the years 2010–2014. Macrolide resistance was highly age-related, and nucleotide position alterations at A2330T could be detected in all macrolide-resistant isolates. copB 0 and copB NT (non-typable) were only found in macrolide-susceptible isolates from adults. Furthermore, copB I/III was the main type in adult or macrolide-susceptible isolates, while copB II was the most common type in children or macrolide-resistant isolates. Twenty-two different MLST clusters (sharing 7 of the 8 identical loci) were detected and only four likely primary founders (ST224, ST363, STN08, and STN10) which belong to clonal complex (CC) 224, CC363, CCN08, and CCN10, were detected, respectively. Macrolide-resistant M. catarrhalis isolates were highly concentrated in two CCs (CCN10 and CC363), which indicates some potential evolutionary advantage or co-evolution to some extent. However, further studies are needed to fully elucidate the evolution of CCN10 and CC363 in macrolide resistance.
Non‐right‐handedness in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder

An increased rate of non-right-handedness in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), compared to healthy comparison (HC) individuals has been reported previously in adults (1). Although this implicates neurodevelopmental mechanisms, and increasing evidence supports BD as a disorder that alters neurodevelopment into adolescence (2–4), there is no previous report of a difference in handedness in adolescents with BD. We assessed the rate of nonright-handedness in individuals with BD, compared to HC individuals, including assessments of adolescents in addition to adults to test the hypotheses individuals with BD would show a higher rate of non-right-handedness and that these results would be present in adolescents with BD.
Genomic analysis of high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma

Smoldering myeloma is an asymptomatic plasma cell dyscrasia with a heterogeneous propensity to progress to active myeloma. In order to investigate the biology of smoldering myeloma patients with high risk of progression, we analyzed the genomic characteristics by FISH, SNP-arrays and gene expression profile of a group of patients with high-risk smoldering myeloma included in a multicenter randomized trial. Chromosomal abnormalities detected by FISH and SNP-arrays at diagnosis were not associated to risk of progression to symptomatic myeloma. However, the overexpression of four SNORD genes (SNORD25, SNORD27, SNORD30 and SNORD31) was correlated with shorter time to progression (P<0.03). When plasma cells from high-risk smoldering patients who progressed to symptomatic myeloma were sequentially analyzed, newly acquired lesions together with an increase in the proportion of plasma cells carrying a given abnormality were observed. These findings suggest that gene expression profiling is a valuable technique to identify smoldering myeloma patients with high risk of progression. (Clinical Trials NCT00443235)
Asymmetric chromosome segregation in Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri

This study was intended to characterize the chromosome segregation process of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xac) by investigating the functionality of the ParB factor encoded on its chromosome, and its requirement for cell viability and virulence. Using TAP tagging we show that ParB is expressed in Xac. Disruption of parB increased the cell doubling time and precluded the ability of Xac to colonize the host citrus. Moreover, Xac mutant cells expressing only truncated forms of ParB exhibited the classical phenotype of aberrant chromosome organization, and seemed affected in cell division judged by their reduced growth rate and the propensity to form filaments. The ParB‐GFP localization pattern in Xac was suggestive of an asymmetric mode of replicon partitioning, which together with the filamentation phenotype support the idea that Xac may control septum placement using mechanisms probably analogous to Caulobacter crescentus, and perhaps Vibrio cholerae, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Xac exhibits asymmetric chromosome segregation, and the perturbation of this process leads to an inability to colonize the host plant.
Living Learning Communities and Students’ Sense of Community and Belonging

The authors examined the association between living learning communities (LLCs) and undergraduates’ sense of community and belonging to their university and residence halls. LLC students scored higher on sense of belonging in residence, but not on campus, than did students in non-LLCs. Analysis of open- ended responses suggested that LLC students found meaning in their LLCs with regard to obtaining social and academic support, engaging in multicultural experiences, and becoming leaders. Implications for practice are discussed.
Narrow-band imaging compared with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of dysplasia in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic surveillance is advised, but the detection of neoplasia by conventional colonoscopy is difficult. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of narrow-band imaging (NBI), a new imaging technique, with standard colonoscopy for the detection of neoplasia in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, crossover study of 42 patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis. All participants underwent NBI and conventional colonoscopy with at least 3 weeks between the procedures. Randomization determined the order of the examinations. Targeted biopsies were taken during both procedures; additional random biopsies were taken at conventional colonoscopy only. The number of patients with neoplasia detected by targeted biopsies was used to assess the sensitivity for each technique. RESULTS With NBI, 52 suspicious lesions were detected in 17 patients, compared with 28 suspicious lesions in 13 patients detected during conventional colonoscopy. Histopathological evaluation of targeted biopsies revealed 11 patients with neoplasia: in four patients the neoplasia was detected by both techniques, in four patients neoplasia was detected only by NBI, and in three patients neoplasia was detected only by conventional colonoscopy ( P = 0.705). Aside from targeted biopsies, 1522 random biopsies were taken. These revealed one additional patient with dysplasia that was not detected by either technique. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of the studied first-generation NBI system for the detection of patients with neoplasia seems to be comparable to conventional colonoscopy, although more suspicious lesions were found during NBI. We believe that it is still too early to stop taking additional random biopsies at surveillance colonoscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Differential Response of Immunohistochemically Defined Breast Cancer Subtypes to Anthracycline-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy with or without Paclitaxel

Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of adjuvant dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel, and CMF in subgroups of patients with high-risk operable breast cancer, according to tumor subtypes defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Materials and Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue samples from 1,039 patients participating in two adjuvant dose-dense sequential chemotherapy phase III trials were centrally assessed in tissue micro-arrays by IHC for 6 biological markers, that is, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), HER2, Ki67, cytokeratin 5 (CK5), and EGFR. The majority of the cases were further evaluated for HER2 amplification by FISH. Patients were classified as: luminal A (ER/PgR-positive, HER2-negative, Ki67low); luminal B (ER/PgR-positive, HER2-negative, Ki67high); luminal-HER2 (ER/PgR-positive, HER2-positive); HER2-enriched (ER-negative, PgR-negative, HER2-positive); triple-negative (TNBC) (ER-negative, PgR-negative, HER2-negative); and basal core phenotype (BCP) (TNBC, CK5-positive and/or EGFR-positive). Results After a median follow-up time of 105.4 months the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 73.1% and 86.1%, respectively. Among patients with HER2-enriched tumors there was a significant benefit in both DFS and OS (log-rank test; p = 0.021 and p = 0.006, respectively) for those treated with paclitaxel. The subtype classification was found to be of both predictive and prognostic value. Setting luminal A as the referent category, the adjusted for prognostic factors HR for relapse for patients with TNBC was 1.91 (95% CI: 1.31–2.80, Wald's p = 0.001) and for death 2.53 (95% CI: 1.62–3.60, p<0.001). Site of and time to first relapse differed according to subtype. Locoregional relapses and brain metastases were more frequent in patients with TNBC, while liver metastases were more often seen in patients with HER2-enriched tumors. Conclusions Triple-negative phenotype is of adverse prognostic value for DFS and OS in patients treated with adjuvant dose-dense sequential chemotherapy. In the pre-trastuzumab era, the HER2-enriched subtype predicts favorable outcome following paclitaxel-containing treatment.
Correlation Neglect , Voting Behaviour and Information Aggregation

In this paper we analyse elections when voters underestimate the correlation between their information sources (“correlation neglect”). We find that this cognitive bias can improve political outcomes. We show that the extreme beliefs which result from correlation neglect induce some voters to base their vote on information rather than on political preferences. We characterise conditions on the distribution of preferences under which this induces higher vote shares for the optimal policies and better information aggregation.
Group goal setting and group performance in a physical activity context

Abstract The primary purpose was to examine the relationship between group goal setting and group performance in an exercise setting. The secondary purpose was to determine whether cohesion, self‐efficacy, and physical activity level influenced the magnitude of the group‐goal/group‐performance relationship. The sample consisted of 6,356 participants (N = 1,325 groups) who were registered for an 8‐week walking program. Results revealed a positive and significant relationship between group goal setting and group performance. Analyses also showed that cohesion was not a moderator while physical activity level and self‐efficacy were; the strength of the relationship between group goal setting and group performance was enhanced as the group average for self‐efficacy and physical activity increased. Further analyses revealed that physical activity level and self‐efficacy interacted in a conjunctive manner to influence the group‐goal/group‐performance relationship; groups high in physical activity and self‐efficacy showed a stronger relationship than groups with other combinations of the two
Le devenir des enfants. De l'aide sociale à l'enfance

Etude de la situation actuelle de 49 jeunes majeurs (19 a 34 ans) ayant quitte le service. Analyse des consequences a long terme des traumatismes subis, de l’evolution de leurs images parentales ainsi que de leur insertion sociale et professionnelle. Contribution a l’etude des etats-limites.