Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the relationship between social networking site use and social capital among Australian and Korean youth

ABSTRACT Social network sites (SNS) have become increasingly pervasive in the daily lives of adolescents. This study explores the relationship between SNS use and perceived online social capital among adolescents using survey data from Australia and Korea. We conducted a face-to-face survey of adolescents (12–15-year-olds) in major cities in Australia (N = 401) and Korea (N = 644) in 2013. There was no significant difference in time spent on SNS between adolescents in the two countries; however, significant differences in the way adolescents use SNS were found. Australian adolescents tended to use SNS for group activities, whereas Koreans used it for social monitoring. There was a positive relationship between SNS use and online social capital in both countries. However, the types of social capital that were found to have a strong relationship to SNS use were different. Among Australian adolescents, SNS activities had a higher correlation with bonding social capital compared to bridging capital, whereas the result was contrasting among Korean adolescents. The impact of SNS use on online social capital differed between the two countries, showing that Australian adolescents reporting low SNS use gained online social capital if they used SNS more intensely. Finally, the impact of SNS use and culture on perceived online social capital was examined by conducting hierarchical multiple regressions. Interpersonal communication and group activities emerged as significant predictors of online social capital.
Fluency-Guided Cross-Lingual Image Captioning

Image captioning has so far been explored mostly in English, as most available datasets are in this language. However, the application of image captioning should not be restricted by language. Only few studies have been conducted for image captioning in a cross-lingual setting. Different from these works that manually build a dataset for a target language, we aim to learn a cross-lingual captioning model fully from machine-translated sentences. To conquer the lack of fluency in the translated sentences, we propose in this paper a fluency-guided learning framework. The framework comprises a module to automatically estimate the fluency of the sentences and another module to utilize the estimated fluency scores to effectively train an image captioning model for the target language. As experiments on two bilingual (English-Chinese) datasets show, our approach improves both fluency and relevance of the generated captions in Chinese, but without using any manually written sentences from the target language.
Understanding Online Game Players' Post-adoption Behavior: an Investigation of Social Network Games in China

Retaining players and re-attracting switching players has long been a central topic for SNG providers with regard to the post-adoption stage of playing an online game. However, there has not been much research which has explored players’ post-adoption behavior by incorporating the continuance intention and the switching intention. In addition, traditional IS continuance theories were mainly developed to investigate users’ continued use of utilitarian IS, and thus they may fall short when trying to explain the continued use of hedonic IS. Furthermore, compared to the richer literature on IS continuance, far too little attention has been paid to IS switching, leading to a dearth of knowledge on the subject, despite the increased incidence of the switching phenomenon in the IS field. By addressing the limitations of prior literature, this study seeks to examine the determinants of SNG players’ two different post-adoption behaviors, including the continuance intention and the switching intention. This study takes a positivist approach and uses survey research method to test five proposed research models based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2; Use and Gratification Theory; Push-Pull-Mooring model; Cognitive Dissonance Theory; and a self-developed model respectively with empirical data collected from the SNG players of one of the biggest SNG providers in China. A total of 3919 valid responses and 541 valid responses were used to examine the continuance intention and the switching intention, respectively. SEM is utilized as the data analysis method. The proposed research models are supported by the empirical data. The continuance intention is determined by enjoyment, fantasy, escapism, social interaction, social presence, social influence, achievement and habit. The switching intention is determined by enjoyment, satisfaction, subjective norms, descriptive norms, alternative attractiveness, the need for variety, change experience, and adaptation cost. This study contributes to IS theories in three important ways. Firstly, it shows IS switching should be included in IS post-adoption research together with IS continuance. Secondly, a modern IS is usually multi-functional and SNG players have multiple reasons for using a SNG, thus a player’s beliefs about the hedonic, social and utilitarian perceptions of their continued use of the SNG exert significant effects on the continuance intention. Thirdly, the determinants of the switching intention mainly exert push, pull, and mooring effects. Players’ beliefs about their current SNG and the available alternatives, as well as their individual characteristics are all significant determinants of the switching intention. SNG players combine these effects in order to formulate the switching intention. Finally, this study presents limitations and suggestions for future research.
Authors vs. readers: a comparative study of document metadata and content in the www

Collaborative tagging describes the process by which many users add metadata in the form of unstructured keywords to shared content. The recent practical success of web services with such a tagging component like Flickr or del.icio. us has provided a plethora of user-supplied metadata about web content for everyone to leverage. In this paper, we conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of metadata and information provided by the authors and publishers of web documents compared with metadata supplied by end users for the same content. Our study is based on a random sample of 100,000 web documents from the Open Directory, for which we examined the original documents from the World Wide Web in addition to data retrieved from the social bookmarking service del.icio. us, the content rating system ICRA, and the search engine Google. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare user tags with the metadata and actual content of documents in the WWW on a larger scale and to integrate document popularity information in the observations. The data set of our experiments is freely available for research.
Clinical Outcomes of Sorafenib Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Had Been Previously Treated With Fluoropyrimidine Plus Platinum-based Chemotherapy

Objectives:There has been no report on sorafenib therapy in patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had been treated with systemic chemotherapy. The objectives of this analysis were to investigate efficacy and safety of sorafenib in these patients and to elucidate risk factors associated with clinical outcomes. Methods:We analyzed patients with metastatic HCC who were treated with sorafenib after failure of fluoropyrimidine plus platinum-based chemotherapy between April 2007 and December 2008. Results:Twenty-four patients (male, 79.2%) were included. Median age was 53 years. Chronic hepatitis B was the predominant cause of HCC (79.2%), followed by chronic hepatitis C (4.2%) and alcohol (4.2%). Twenty patients (83.3%) were Child-Pugh A and 4 patients (16.7%) were Child-Pugh B. Median follow-up duration was 11.1 months. No objective response was observed. Fourteen patients (58.3%) had stable disease. The disease control rate was 58.3%. Median progression-free survival was 2.3 months (95% confidence interval, 0.5–4.1) and overall survival was 7.1 months (95% confidence interval, 3.5–10.7). Grade 3 neutropenia was observed in 1.4% and grade 3 anemia in 1.4%. Grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicities were hand-foot syndrome (16.7%), skin rash (8.3%), diarrhea (4.2%), headache (4.2%), and fatigue (4.2%). Four patients (16.7%) discontinued the therapy because of toxicities. Conclusions:Sorafenib had modest efficacy and tolerable toxicity in patients with metastatic HCC who had received fluoropyrimidine plus platinum-based chemotherapy.
Becoming Pure: The Civil Sphere, Media Practices and Constructing Civil Purification

This paper integrates the US civil sphere, European media as practice, and social psychological literatures to demonstrate how people construct their own civil purity and become pure. It uses in-depth interview data to uncover a language of civil purity that people draw on to construct their own belonging in civil society. It argues that some people create an imagined public-at-large that they infuse with polluting qualities associated with the binary cultural codes of civil society. This image functions as a mental heuristic, against which people compare themselves and see themselves as ‘better than’ on a number of moral values associated with civil society. This process of constructing civil purity is linked to one of the civil sphere’s two fundamental social institutions, namely communication. As a form of nonfiction media with record lows in trust and credibility, the mainstream news serves as a social topic through which we can witness the construction of civil purity.
128Xe and 130Xe: Testing He-Shell Burning in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars

The s-process branching at 128I has been investigated on the basis of new, precise, experimental (n, γ) cross sections for the s-only isotopes 128Xe and 130Xe. This branching is unique, since it is essentially determined by the temperature- and density-sensitive stellar decay rates of 128I and only marginally affected by the specific stellar neutron flux. For this reason it represents an important test for He-shell burning in asymptotic giant branch stars. The description of the branching by means of the complex stellar scenario reveals a significant sensitivity to the timescales for convection during He shell flashes, thus providing constraints for this phenomenon. The s-process ratio 128Xe/130Xe deduced from stellar models allows for a 9% ± 3% p-process contribution to solar 128Xe, in agreement with the Xe-S component found in meteoritic presolar SiC grains.
Long-term erythropoiesis from constant numbers of CD34+ cells in serum- free cultures initiated with highly purified progenitor cells from human bone marrow

To directly study the biological properties of purified hematopoietic colony-forming cell precursors, cells with a CD34+ CD45RAlo CD71lo phenotype were purified from human bone marrow using density separation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and were cultured in serum- free culture medium supplemented with various cytokines. In the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-6, erythropoietin, and mast cell growth factor (a c-kit ligand), cell numbers increased approximately 10(6)-fold over a period of 4 wk, and the percentage of cells that expressed transferrin receptors (CD71) increased from less than 0.1% at day 0 to greater than 99% at day 14. Interestingly, the absolute number of CD34+ CD71lo cells did not change during culture. When CD34+ CD71lo cells were sorted from expanded cultures and recultured, extensive cell production was repeated, again without significant changes in the absolute number of cells with the CD34+ CD71lo phenotype that were used to initiate the (sub)cultures. These results document that primitive hematopoietic cells can generate progeny without an apparent decrease in the size of a precursor cell pool.
Insights into the Genetic Structure and Diversity of 38 South Asian Indians from Deep Whole-Genome Sequencing

South Asia possesses a significant amount of genetic diversity due to considerable intergroup differences in culture and language. There have been numerous reports on the genetic structure of Asian Indians, although these have mostly relied on genotyping microarrays or targeted sequencing of the mitochondria and Y chromosomes. Asian Indians in Singapore are primarily descendants of immigrants from Dravidian-language–speaking states in south India, and 38 individuals from the general population underwent deep whole-genome sequencing with a target coverage of 30X as part of the Singapore Sequencing Indian Project (SSIP). The genetic structure and diversity of these samples were compared against samples from the Singapore Sequencing Malay Project and populations in Phase 1 of the 1,000 Genomes Project (1 KGP). SSIP samples exhibited greater intra-population genetic diversity and possessed higher heterozygous-to-homozygous genotype ratio than other Asian populations. When compared against a panel of well-defined Asian Indians, the genetic makeup of the SSIP samples was closely related to South Indians. However, even though the SSIP samples clustered distinctly from the Europeans in the global population structure analysis with autosomal SNPs, eight samples were assigned to mitochondrial haplogroups that were predominantly present in Europeans and possessed higher European admixture than the remaining samples. An analysis of the relative relatedness between SSIP with two archaic hominins (Denisovan, Neanderthal) identified higher ancient admixture in East Asian populations than in SSIP. The data resource for these samples is publicly available and is expected to serve as a valuable complement to the South Asian samples in Phase 3 of 1 KGP.
Communication motifs: a tool to characterize social communications

Social networks mediate not only the relations between entities, but also the patterns of information propagation among them and their communication behavior. In this paper, we extensively study the temporal annotations (e.g., time stamps and duration) of historical communications in social networks and propose two novel tools -- communication motifs and maximum-flow communication motifs -- for characterizations of the patterns of information propagation in social networks. Using these motifs, we verify the following hypothesis in social communication network: 1) the functional behavioral patterns of information propagation within both social networks are stable over time; 2) the patterns of information propagation in synchronous and asynchronous social networks are different and sensitive to the cost of communication; and 3) the speed and the amount of information that is propagated through a network are correlated and dependent on individual profiles.
Nanoparticle Controlled Soft Complex Structures with Topological Defects

Abstract : The goal of the project was to investigate new complex multifunctional materials and morphologies by combining anisotropic soft materials possessing topological defects (TDs) with nanoparticles (NPs) and to develop appropriate mesoscopic models describing their behavior. In these structures we used topological defects as trapping centers of appropriate NPs by exploiting the so called Defect Core Replacement (DCR) mechanism. As representative soft materials we have mostly used thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) phases. The principal subtopics of our investigation were 1) geometrically driven control of number and positioning of TDs, and 2) NP driven stabilization of various LC structures and lattices of topological defects. Among other findings, we have shown that geometry of NPs plays important role in stabilizing different blue phase structures. In particular, we have shown that highly anisotropic graphene nanosheets stabilize blue phase I, while spherical CdSe NPs stabilize blue phase III. Our results prove that i) appropriately surface treated NPs could stabilize diverse lattices of topological defects, ii) minute concentrations of NPs could enhance stability range of these structures by order of magnitude. Trapped NPs could be carrier of additional material property, i.e., in our study we inserted quantum dots exhibiting photoluminescence.
The Effect of Regulatory Orientation and Decision Strategy on Brand Judgments

Four studies investigate how consumers' regulatory orientation and the decision strategies used to process message information affect their judgments. Evaluations of the chosen brand were more favorable when individuals with a prevention focus used decision strategies that enhanced the accuracy of a decision outcome than when they used strategies that facilitated progress toward a decision, whereas the opposite outcome occurred for those with a promotion focus. These findings emerged whether the decision strategies were prompted by instructions about how to make a decision or by the message presentation format, and they were mediated by a subjective experience of confidence. These observations suggest that judgments are influenced by the decision makers' feelings about how information is processed that are independent of the message content. (c) 2008 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
On the use of collaborative intelligence in an agent-based environmental monitoring and analysis system

The paper introduces the architecture of a multiagent system for environmental monitoring and analysis, and focuses on the use of collaborative intelligence between the environmental agents (the agents that monitor and analyze the evolution of specific environment pollutants concentrations in different locations) and meteorological agents (that provide information about all meteorological parameters that can influence the degree of environmental pollution: temperature, speed of wind, humidity etc). The collaboration between agents is facilitated by asynchronous messaging and a common ontology (that is shared by all agents, environmental and meteorological). Some experimental results obtained for different scenarios of the multi-agent system simulation are also discussed in this paper.
Allelic imbalance metre (Allim), a new tool for measuring allele-specific gene expression with RNA-seq data

Estimating differences in gene expression among alleles is of high interest for many areas in biology and medicine. Here, we present a user‐friendly software tool, Allim, to estimate allele‐specific gene expression. Because mapping bias is a major problem for reliable estimates of allele‐specific gene expression using RNA‐seq, Allim combines two different strategies to account for the mapping biases. In order to reduce the mapping bias, Allim first generates a polymorphism‐aware reference genome that accounts for the sequence variation between the alleles. Then, a sequence‐specific simulation tool estimates the residual mapping bias. Statistical tests for allelic imbalance are provided that can be used with the bias corrected RNA‐seq data.
Cell-penetrating TIR BB loop decoy peptides

Toll-like receptors (TLR), a family of closely related type I, transmembrane, signal transducing proteins, sense invading pathogens early in the immune response to infection and deliver intracellular signals to the cell. Both TLRs and their adapter proteins possess a conserved region, the Toll/IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain. A subregion of ∼ 14 amino acids within the TIR domain, the BB loop, enables interactions between certain TLRs or between certain TLRs and their adapter molecules. Use of cell-penetrating decoy peptides composed of the sequence of the Drosophila antennapedia peptide (16 amino acids) juxtaposed to a specific TIR BB loop 14 amino acid sequences enables an evaluation of the relative efficacy of such BB loop peptides to inhibit TIR–TIR interactions and signaling. Moreover, failure of specific BB loop peptides to inhibit signaling suggests that this region of a particular TIR domain is likely to not be involved in signaling. This review discusses cell-penetrating decoy peptides as a new tool to further understanding of the molecular interactions required for TLR signaling and evaluates the potential of this approach for the creation of therapeutic agents.
Match demands of professional rugby football codes: A review from 2008 to 2015

Rugby football codes have continually increased in popularity and are played professionally around the world at domestic, national and international level. Coaching professionals can use the findings of this review to guide training practices for the professional rugby football player, particularly those players who may be competing concurrently or transferring between codes. The development of repeated high-intensity exercise ability should be a key emphasis of training programmes especially for players who are aiming to compete at higher competition standards. Importantly, there are considerable differences in repeated high-intensity exercise demands of match-play for different positional groups. For greatest transference to match performance, training programs should replicate the frequency and duration of repeated high-intensity exercise bouts in addition to the relative contribution of high-intensity running, tackling and physical collisions. Training programmes should not neglect developing players’ prolonged high-intensity running ability as high-speed running efforts may occur separately from repeated high-intensity exercise bouts and likely place considerable demands on rugby football players, particularly in rugby sevens competition. Rugby football players have been shown to experience transient fatigue patterns during match-play where teams may be susceptible to conceding points or sustaining injury. Improved physical conditioning strategies may reduce development of match-fatigue; however, research is yet to investigate the influence of fitness levels and team strategies. A better understanding of these factors and how they interact with match-fatigue will assist with the improvement of training practices for professional rugby football players.
Phosphatidylinositol kinase activities in normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells

The phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), and diacylglycerol kinase activities in the plasma membrane-rich fraction of chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus increased when the cells were shifted from the nonpermissive temperature, 41 degrees C, to the permissive temperature, 35 degrees C. Temperature shift from 35 to 41 degrees C decreased the lipid kinase activities in the membrane vesicles. These changes accompanied the changes observed in pp60v-src protein kinase activity. Thermal inactivation at 41 degrees C did not appreciably reduce PI and PIP kinase activities in membrane vesicles prepared from uninfected or Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells, whereas pp60v-src protein kinase activity in the membrane vesicles was rapidly inactivated under the same conditions. These data suggest that pp60v-src may indirectly enhance PI and PIP phosphorylation but not directly contribute to this pathway.