Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Care Giving of People with Severe Mental Illness: An Indian Experience

Background: Caring is a fundamental issue in the rehabilitation of a person with mental illness and more so for people with severe mental illness. The lack of adequate manpower resources in the country is adding and enlisting the responsibility of providing care on the families to provide physical, medical, social and psychological care for their severely unwell mentally ill people. Aim of the Study: To examine the load of caregiving with reference to the types of care during the symptomatic and remission phases of severe mental illness and the various ways in which caregivers adapt their lives to meet the needs of people with severe mental illness. Materials and Methods: The present research draws its data from the 200 families with mental illness in Andra Pradesh and Karnataka in India. The data presented in the study was collected from interviews using an interview schedule with open-ended questions. Results: The study diffuses the notion of ‘care’ as ‘physical’, ‘medical, ‘psychological’ and ‘social’ care. The present article focuses on the caregiving roles of the caregivers of people with schizophrenia, affective disorders and psychosis not otherwise specified (NOS) and found that the caregiving does not differ much between the different diagnosis, but caregiving roles changes from active involvement in physical and medical care to more of social and psychological care during the remission. Conclusion: The study records the incredulous gratitude of caregivers at being acknowledged for the work they do. In that regard, the study itself provides a boost to the morale of tired, unacknowledged caregivers.
Selective Killing of Bacterial Persisters by a Single Chemical Compound without Affecting Normal Antibiotic-Sensitive Cells

ABSTRACT We show that 3-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl biphenyl-4-carboxylate (C10), screened out of a chemical library, selectively kills bacterial persisters that tolerate antibiotic treatment but does not affect normal antibiotic-sensitive cells. C10 led persisters to antibiotic-induced cell death by causing reversion of persisters to antibiotic-sensitive cells. This work is the first demonstration in which the eradication of bacterial persisters is based on single-chemical supplementation. The chemical should be versatile in elucidating the mechanism of persistence.
Special Educators and Data Recording

This study examined the effects of delayed recording on the accuracy of data recorded by special educators serving students with high- or low-incidence disabilities. A multi-element design was used to compare the accuracy of data recorded across three conditions: (a) immediately after a student’s target behavior occurred, (b) immediately after the conclusion of the instructional lesson, and (c) 3 hr after the conclusion of the instructional lesson. Results indicated special educators achieved higher levels of agreement recording data immediately after a student’s target behavior occurred and immediately after the conclusion of the instructional lesson.
Axis II pathology in panic and affective disorders : Relationship to diagnosis, course of illness, and treatment response

Axis II criteria were assessed in 46 patients with panic or affective disorders (primarily bipolar type) by structured interviews utilizing the SID-P. Additional assessments were made of life course of illness, hospital course, and treatment response. The number of personality disorders did not differ between affective and panic patients and cluster III predominated in both groups. Affective patients, however, had a greater and more heterogenous loading for Axis II disorder “traits” and “features. ” There was a strong association of personality disorder with an early onset of illness in affective but not panic disorder patients. There was also a tendency for panic patients with personality disorders to demonstrate increased residual subsyndromal depressive symptoms following acute treatment.
Civic, national and denizen identity in Australia

Macro-social identities reflect the strength of social attachments (strong vs weak) and the objects-referents of such attachments (society vs nation). Three types of macro-social identities-civic, (ethno-) national and denizen-are distinguished and operationalised in Australia using national survey data (1995 ISSP). The largest proportion (38 per cent) of Australians embrace civic identity, an identity type most widespread among 'baby boomers', the tertiary educated and secular. Those who embrace the national identity form a sizeable minority (30 per cent), and are predominantly older, less educated and religious. Denizen identity characterises a small minority (6 per cent) of Australians who feel weakly attached to the country. The key issues dividing the adherents to civic and national identities are immigration and its socioeconomic consequences. Ethno-nationalists embrace neo-conservative rather than extremist attitudes, although their numbers may be declining in the wake of generational replacement, the education revolution and progressive secularisation.
Lack of Effects of Metformin and AICAR Chronic Infusion on the Development of Hypertension in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

In the kidney, reabsorption via the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is involved in long-term blood pressure control. Previously we demonstrated that ENaC hyperactivity is associated with development of salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension in Dahl SS rats. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), playing a role in cellular energy homeostasis, has been shown to decrease ENaC activity. Here, we tested whether metformin and AICAR, two drugs that activate AMPK, affect the development of salt-induced hypertension. High salt diet significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in Dahl SS rats. Blood pressure elevation was accompanied by a short-term decline of heart rate and increased circadian arterial pressure dipping. Metformin and AICAR were delivered intravenously at doses of 200 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively. However, both control and drug-treated groups had similar development of high blood pressure within 3 weeks of 8% NaCl dietary salt intake. In the metformin-treated animals MAP reached 164.9 ± 9.1 mmHg, which was not significantly different from the control group (171.8 ± 5.6 mmHg). Patch clamp analysis revealed that the metformin-treated rats had no difference in the activity of ENaC. AICAR treatment also did not affect the development of hypertension and kidney injury. MAP reached 182.8 ± 4.8 and 178.0 ± 2.8 mmHg in AICAR and vehicle treated groups, respectively. Of note, we found that high-salt diet activated AMPK in the Dahl SS rats, and treatment with these AMPK activators had no significant further effect on AMPK activity. We conclude that AMPK activators, at least under these conditions, do not affect development of hypertension during high-salt diet in the Dahl SS rat model.
New Concepts in Malaria Pathogenesis: The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System

Malaria is a worldwide health problem leading the death of millions of people. The disease is induced by different species of protozoa parasites from the genus Plasmodium. In humans, Plasmodium falciparum is the most dangerous species responsible for severe disease. Despite all efforts to establish the pathogenesis of malaria, it is far from being fully understood. In addition, resistance to existing drugs has developed in several strains and the development of new effective compounds to fight these parasites is a major issue. Recent discoveries indicate the potential role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in malaria infection. Angiotensin receptors have not been described in the parasite genome, however several reports in the literature suggest a direct effect of angiotensin-derived peptides on different aspects of the host-parasite interaction. The aim of this review is to highlight new findings on the involvement of the RAS in parasite development and in the regulation of the host immune response in an attempt to expand our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease.
Street prostitution in Scotland: The views of working women

At the present time in Europe a range of countries are considering their prostitution laws and looking at whether these should be updated in a number of ways including the possible provision of prostitute tolerance zones. While this is an issue that is subject to heated political debate, and considerable divergence within Europe, it is not one where there has been much research evidence to date. One reason for this is the concentration in much prostitution research on sexual rather than work-related matters. This paper considers the issue of prostitute tolerance zones within the context of an ethnography of street prostitution in Scotland. In particular, the paper describes street-working women's views of their work, their reasons for working, their views as to the impact of their work on their lives, and whether it would be beneficial to provide tolerance zones to enable them to work without fear of prosecution.
A general quantitative theory of personality development: Fundamentals of a self-organizing psychobiological complex

Abstract A general theory of personality and its development is described in terms of four quantitative dimensions of temperament and three quantitative dimensions of character. The four temperament dimensions (harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence) are moderately heritable, moderately stable throughout life, and invariant despite sociocultural influences. The three character dimensions (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) mature in a stepwise manner from early childhood throughout adulthood. Transitions between levels of maturity are nonlinear functions of temperament, specific genetic influences, social learning, and random life events. Personality development is quantitatively formulated in terms of nonlinear dynamics of a complex adaptive system. The psychosocial interpretation of personality as a fitness-optimizing process is described and illustrated in terms of available data about the development of different personality configurations. Several quantitative predictions of this theory of personality development are tested, including the sequence of emergence of the different character dimensions, individual differences in the development of stable temperament configurations, and the effects of sociocultural influences. The theoretical predictions agree with available empirical data and suggest many hypotheses for future developmental research, including etiological, dynamic, and therapeutic studies.
Integration of Shape Context and Neural Networks for Symbol Recognition

Using shape matching within a k-nearest neighbor approach, shape context descrip- tor has been applied in several classification problems with outstanding results. However, the application of this framework on large datasets or online scenarios is challenging due to its computational cost. To overcome this limitations, we evaluate the use of shape context as in- put features for neural networks. We test the proposed method in a problem of recognition of handwritten mathematical symbols. For a total of 75 classes of symbols, we obtained a recog- nition rate of 89.8%, comparable with a k-nearest neighbor approach, but with reduced time complexity.
Exhaled breath analysis by electronic nose in airways disease. Established issues and key questions

Exhaled air contains many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are the result of normal and disease‐associated metabolic processes anywhere in the body. Different omics techniques can assess the pattern of these VOCs. One such omics technique suitable for breath analysis is represented by electronic noses (eNoses), providing fingerprints of the exhaled VOCs, called breathprints. Breathprints have been shown to be altered in different disease states, including in asthma and COPD. This review describes the current status on clinical validation and application of breath analysis by electronic noses in the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic airways diseases. Furthermore, important methodological issues including breath sampling, modulating factors and incompatibility between eNoses are raised and discussed. Next steps towards clinical application of electronic noses are provided, including further validation in suspected disease, assessment of the influence of different comorbidities, the value in longitudinal monitoring of patients with asthma and COPD and the possibility to predict treatment responses. Eventually, a Breath Cloud may be constructed, a large database containing disease‐specific breathprints. When collaborative efforts are put into optimization of this technique, it can provide a rapid and non‐invasive first line diagnostic test.
Don't Fence Me In: Boundaries, Policy, and Deliberation in Maine's Lobster Commons

Describing the necessary conditions for collective action in the interest of natural resource conservation, common property theory asserts the need for clear boundaries. This pertains to material boundaries that circumscribe target resources and social boundaries that circumscribe resource user group identities. In reality, socioecological systems are rarely closed or static, so boundary imposition can generate transaction costs and perhaps reduce adaptive capacity if implemented without allowances for broad and repeated public deliberation. Participant observation, interview, survey, archival, and focus group data from Maine's lobster fishery demonstrate that flexible, broadly negotiated, informal boundaries characterized the fishery for decades, embedded in localist institutions under de facto comanagement. Federal regulatory pressures and industry changes triggered formalization of a more statist comanagement regime, overlaying codified boundaries under the guise of resource conservation. Fishing boat captains leveraged the legal boundary-drawing precedent to consolidate fishery access and decision making away from crew, neighbors, and family. Precipitating factors included trap limits and tangles, entry limits and resource declines in other fisheries, law enforcement, abandonment of apprenticeship, recreational entry, and mail-in ballots. Instrumentalism eroded diversified, multivalent social networks, and ecological outcomes are uncertain. This evidence suggests that despite seminal contributions of common property scholarship, some policy applications might be overly reductive or sidestep democratic debate between individual and communitarian concerns. Attention to dynamic interactions across institutions can ensure that emergent political alliances and incremental changes in distributive and processual norms around resource allocation are not overlooked.
Plasma volume changes associated with two hydroxyethyl starch colloids following acute hypovolaemia in volunteers

This randomised double blind prospective study compared the effective intravascular volume expansion and maintenance, with two types of starches following induced haemorrhagic hypovolaemia. Twenty healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 65 year were bled 10% of their total blood volume in fully monitored conditions and under the supervision of a trained specialist doctor and research nurse. The lost blood volume was replaced using one of the starch solutions. Effective intravascular volume expansion was monitored hourly using the 51Cr radio‐labelled red blood cell dilution technique, we compared the effects of two hydroxyethyl starch colloid preparations, one a high molecular weight and the other a low molecular weight preparation, on the plasma volume changes over time. The large molecular weight starch (Hextend) provided a less well‐sustained volume expansion effect than the smaller one (Voluven)
Premeditations of performance in recent live television

The article discusses the ways that performances in television are premeditated. Its focus is on practices of scripting performances in current interactive and reality TV. With a basis in empirical material on television production, the article describes concretely some cases of scripting in international television formats. Its focus is particularly on forms of scripting that are seldom recognized as such, thus contributing to a feel of the real, the authentic and the immediate. Three forms of scripting are discussed: ‘cueing’, scripting of social settings and scripting of temporal sequencings. The article shows how current television formats that strive for the unscripted feel in fact could be said to involve radical extensions of scripting beyond conventional practices. In more general theoretical terms, the article suggests looking to the scripting of mediated performances as an alternative approach to the tradition of media production studies.
Bourdieu, Gender Reflexivity, and Physical Culture: A Case of Masculinities in the Snowboarding Field

This article contributes to recent debates between supporters of the concept of hegemonic masculinity, as exemplified by R. W. Connell, and a new generation of gender scholars, as to how best explain the dynamic and fluid relationships between men, and men and women, in the early 21st century. Here, the author concurs with many of Connell’s critics and proceeds by arguing that recent feminist extensions of Bourdieu’s original conceptual schema—field, capital, habitus, and practice—may help reveal more nuanced conceptualizations of masculinities, and male gender reflexivity, in contemporary sport and physical culture. This author examines the potential of such an approach via an analysis of masculinities in the snowboarding field. In so doing, this article not only offers fresh insights into the masculine identities and interactions in the snowboarding field but also contributes to recent debates about how best to explain different generations and cultural experiences of masculinities.
Increased lung resistance after diesel particulate and ozone co-exposure not associated with enhanced lung inflammation in allergic mice

Exposure to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP) exacerbates asthma. Likewise, similar effects have been reported with exposure to the oxidizing air pollutant ozone (O3). Since levels of both pollutants in ambient air tend to be simultaneously elevated, we investigated the possible synergistic effect of these agents on the exacerbation of allergic airways disease in mice. Male BALB/c mice were sensitized ip with ovalbumin (Ova) or vehicle only, then exposed once per week for 4 wk via nose-only inhalation (4 h) to the PM2.5 fraction of DEP (2 mg/m3), O3 (0.5 ppm), DEP and O3, or filtered air, and then challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin. Ova sensitization in air-exposed mice enhanced pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration, several indicators of injury in the lung (lactate dehydrogenase, albumin and total protein), and lung resistance (RL) and elastance (EL) in response to methacholine (MCh) aerosol challenge. DEP exposure did not enhance the Ova-induced increase in pulmonary cell infiltration, indicators of injury, or RL and EL. O3 exposure enhanced the Ova-induced increase in inflammatory cell infiltration and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) in the lung, but had no effect on RL or EL. DEP co-exposure significantly attenuated the O3-induced increase in cell infiltration and indicators of injury; co-exposure had no effect on EL relative to air-exposed Ova-sensitized mice. However, only DEP-O3 co-exposure significantly increased the Ova-induced increase in RL. Thus, O3 and DEP co-exposure exacerbated airways hyperresponsiveness, a response that was not associated with parallel increases in pulmonary inflammation and one that may be mediated by a unique mechanism.
From CFTR biology toward combinatorial pharmacotherapy: expanded classification of cystic fibrosis mutations

More than 2000 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have been described that confer a range of molecular cell biological and functional phenotypes. Most of these mutations lead to compromised anion conductance at the apical plasma membrane of secretory epithelia and cause cystic fibrosis (CF) with variable disease severity. Based on the molecular phenotypic complexity of CFTR mutants and their susceptibility to pharmacotherapy, it has been recognized that mutations may impose combinatorial defects in CFTR channel biology. This notion led to the conclusion that the combination of pharmacotherapies addressing single defects (e.g., transcription, translation, folding, and/or gating) may show improved clinical benefit over available low-efficacy monotherapies. Indeed, recent phase 3 clinical trials combining ivacaftor (a gating potentiator) and lumacaftor (a folding corrector) have proven efficacious in CF patients harboring the most common mutation (deletion of residue F508, ΔF508, or Phe508del). This drug combination was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for patients homozygous for ΔF508. Emerging studies of the structural, cell biological, and functional defects caused by rare mutations provide a new framework that reveals a mixture of deficiencies in different CFTR alleles. Establishment of a set of combinatorial categories of the previously defined basic defects in CF alleles will aid the design of even more efficacious therapeutic interventions for CF patients.
A study on the priority selection for information system project management model

This study focuses on the data reliability improvement of monitoring system in a steel manufacturing industry. The data obtained from the existing monitoring system is not the current micro data that reveals the current situation, rather it shows the average value (macro data) of between the current point and ending point. This macro data is not only difficult to analyze the factors causing errors, but also might have fatal influences on the quality of produced goods even the error is located within the tolerance level. Because the average value can be in the tolerance, but the maximum error value can be greater than the tolerance. Steel production process also produces tons of data, thus the required database should be capable of this huge amount of data. The proposed system in this study can collect large amount of data and also can analyze the collected data to quality control the steel production. And also the proposed system adopt the web-based technology, inquiries and analysis of data can be handled with no limit of time and space within the factory using the PC connected to the intranet. Hence, the system can increase the quality of manufactured products, and can raise the reliability of the products which is very important in the steel business. The accurate accumulated data from the system also can be used for developing new controlling model, operation technology, and new product development. This kind of improvements was very much required, but not possible, because the accurate micro data was not able to get in the old system.
Diffusion of Sport Psychology into Elite U.S. Swimming Programs

This study explored in depth the process by which sport psychology ideas and techniques are diffused into elite-level swimming programs in the United States. Three stages in the diffusion process were examined: initial exposure, degree of receptivity, and rate of implementation. A questionnaire designed to measure this diffusion process was mailed to the 165 Level 5 coaches in the U.S. Sources through which coaches are exposed to sport psychology were identified, as well as factors influencing levels of receptivity and implementation. Intercorrelations among initial exposure, receptivity, and implementation were also examined and factors were identified that may reduce levels of receptivity and implementation. Findings suggest that despite only a moderate degree of exposure, coaches are generally receptive and willing to implement sport psychology into their programs. Major obstacles to both receptivity and implementation were generally related to structural aspects of amateur swimming in the U.S. or the .