Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Corn Processing in Finishing Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains on Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Steers1

ABSTRACT Three-hundred sixty calf-fed steers (BW = 318 ± 15 kg) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate corn processing methods in finishing diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). Whole corn (WC) was compared with corn processed by different methods, consisting of dry-rolled corn (DRC), high-moisture corn (HMC), a 1:1 DRC:HMC combination (DM basis), steam-flaked corn (SFC), and finely-ground corn (FGC). The SFC with a flake density of 0.33 kg/L was obtained from a commercial feedlot. Basal dietary ingredients consisted of ground alfalfa hay (5.6% of DM) and dry supplement (3.0% of DM), with the balance being WDGS (30% of DM) and corn (61.4% of DM). Final BW and ADG were greater ( P P = 0.11) from cattle fed DRC:HMC (1.78 kg/d). Cattle fed HMC (0.185) had greater ( P P > 0.30) were detected between cattle fed HMC and DRC:HMC for ADG and G:F; however, cattle fed DRC tended to have greater ( P = 0.08) ADG, yet lower ( P = 0.08) G:F than cattle fed HMC. Carcass characteristics reflected performance. These data indicate that steam flaked and finely ground corn processing methods, or no processing, are not as effective as high-moisture or dry-rolled corn processing methods in finishing diets containing 30% WDGS.
One-dimensional simulation of alternating conduction under hyperkalaemic conditions

Hyperkalaemic conditions belonged to one of changes brought by ischemia. Hyperkalaemia is identified as a major determinant of ventricular arrhythmias. One-dimensional fiber model of transmural cells was used to simulate regional hyperkalaemic conditions. We investigated the process of alternating conduction developing induced by hyperkalaemia. Hyperkalaemic region closer to Endo cells was more likely to cause 2:1 conduction blocks. Increased depolarization time and conduction delay were essential for blocks developing. The L-type calcium current (ICaL) became too small to maintain the phase of depolarization every other beat during the process of conduction. Alternans associated with alternating conduction could be considered as a marker of acute regional ischemia/hyperkalaemia.
Adelman , J . S . , & Brown , G . D . A . Modeling lexical decision :

What is the root cause of word frequency effects on lexical decision times? Murray and Forster (2004) argued that such effects are linear in rank frequency, consistent with a serial search model of lexical access. This paper (i) describes a method of testing models of such effects that takes into account the possibility of parametric overfitting; (ii) illustrates the effect of corpus choice on estimates of rank frequency; (iii) gives derivations of nine functional forms as predictions of models of lexical decision; (iv) details the assessment of these models and the rank model against existing data regarding the functional form of frequency effects; and (v) reports further assessments using contextual diversity, a factor confounded with word frequency. The relationship between the occurrence distribution of words and lexical decision latencies to those words does not appear compatible with the rank hypothesis, undermining the case for serial search models of lexical access. Three transformations of contextual diversity based on extensions of instance models do however remain as plausible explanations of the effect. Modeling Lexical Decision 3 Modeling Lexical Decision: The Form of Frequency and
Body Armor for Binaries: Preventing Buffer Overflows Without Recompilation

BinArmor is a novel technique to protect existing C binaries from memory corruption attacks on both control data and non-control data. Without access to source code, non-control data attacks cannot be detected with current techniques. Our approach hardens binaries against both kinds of overflow, without requiring the programs' source or symbol tables. We show that BinArmor is able to stop real attacks--including the recent noncontrol data attack on Exim. Moreover, we did not incur a single false positive in practice. On the downside, the current overhead of BinArmor is high--although no worse than competing technologies like taint analysis that do not catch attacks on non-control data. Specifically, we measured an overhead of 70% for gzip, 16%- 180% for lighttpd, and 190% for the nbench suite.
Who Should Take This Task?: Dynamic Decision Support for Crowd Workers

Context: The success of crowdsourced software development (CSD) depends on a large crowd of trustworthy software workers who are registering and submitting for their interested tasks in exchange of financial gains. Preliminary analysis on software worker behaviors reveals an alarming task-quitting rate of 82.9%. Goal: The objective of this study is to empirically investigate worker decision factors and provide better decision support in order to improve the success and efficiency of CSD. Method: We propose a novel problem formulation, DCW-DS, and an analytics-based decision support methodology to guide workers in acceptance of offered development tasks. DCS-DS is evaluated using more than one year's real-world data from TopCoder, the leading CSD platform. Results: Applying Random Forest based machine learning with dynamic updates, we can predict a worker as being a likely quitter with 99% average precision and 99% average recall accuracy. Similarly, we achieved 78% average precision and 88% average recall for the worker winner class. For workers just following the top three task recommendations, we have shown that the average quitting rate goes down below 6%. Conclusions: In total, the proposed method can be used to improve total success rate as well as reduce quitting rate of tasks performed.
Protection against deleterious nitrogen compounds: role of σS-dependent small RNAs encoded adjacent to sdiA

Here, we report the characterization of a set of small, regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) expressed from an Escherichia coli locus we have denoted sdsN located adjacent to the LuxR-homolog gene sdiA. Two longer sRNAs, SdsN137 and SdsN178 are transcribed from two σS-dependent promoters but share the same terminator. Low temperature, rich nitrogen sources and the Crl and NarP transcription factors differentially affect the levels of the SdsN transcripts. Whole genome expression analysis after pulse overexpression of SdsN137 and assays of lacZ fusions revealed that the SdsN137 directly represses the synthesis of the nitroreductase NfsA, which catalyzes the reduction of the nitrogroup (NO2) in nitroaromatic compounds and the flavohemoglobin HmpA, which has aerobic nitric oxide (NO) dioxygenase activity. Consistent with this regulation, SdsN137 confers resistance to nitrofurans. In addition, SdsN137 negatively regulates synthesis of NarP. Interestingly, SdsN178 is defective at regulating the above targets due to unusual binding to the Hfq protein, but cleavage leads to a shorter form, SdsN124, able to repress nfsA and hmpA.
Erratum: “The Dependence of General Relativistic Accretion on Black Hole Spin” (ApJ, 613, L49 [2004])

We propose a novel approach to the investigation of how black hole spin influences the behavior of astrophysical accretion. We examine the terminal behavior of general relativistic, multitransonic, hydrodynamic advective accretion in the Kerr metric, by analyzing various dynamical as well as thermodynamic properties of accreting matter extremely close to the event horizon, as a function of Kerr parameter a. The examination of the transonic properties of such flows can be useful in self-consistently discriminating between prograde and retrograde relativistic accretion and in studying the spectral signatures of black hole rotation.
Cyclic Torsional Test of Polymers under High Pressure.

An experimental equipment for a torsional test of polymers under high pressure has been developed. Axial free coupling has been devised so that the specimen may be free from any axial stress due to torsion. A torque sensor set in a pressure vessel has been developed. Using the equipment, cyclic tests for crystalline polymers of PE and POM have been conducted in the pressure rage of 98 k Pa to 98 MPa. Shear stresses and initial elastic modulus increase with the hydrostatic pressure increasing for both materials. The stress-strain hysteresis in PE is not affected by the previous strain history, but stress softening occurs in POM and the hysteresis curve is strongly affected by the past strain histories.
aily family stress and HPA axis functioning during adolescence : The oderating role of sleep

The present study examined the moderating role of sleep in the association between family demands and conflict and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in a sample of ethnically diverse adolescents (n = 316). Adolescents completed daily diary reports of family demands and conflict for 15 days, and wore actigraph watches during the first 8 nights to assess sleep. Participants also provided five
Limitations on Limitation

Phosphorus is believed to be the globally limiting nutrient in the modern ocean, but a number of nutrients have been invoked as limiting the Proterozoic biosphere. Mass balance calculations suggest that Proterozoic net primary productivity must have been 1 to 2 orders of magnitude less than today in order to maintain low oxygen levels despite increased burial efficiency in anoxic environments. The resulting demand for nutrients is so low that nitrogen, molybdenum, and iron could not have limited the rate of primary production following the evolution of extant nitrogenases. Phosphorus demand was approximately equal to the modern riverine flux, making phosphorus the most likely candidate for the limiting nutrient throughout the Proterozoic.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Medicare Part D Experiences

Objective:To examine racial/ethnic differences in Medicare beneficiary experiences with Medicare Part D prescription drug (PD) coverage. Data Sources/Study Setting:2008 Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems survey of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Study Design:Surveys were administered by mail with phone follow-up to a nationally representative sample (61% response rate). This study examines 201,496 beneficiaries of age 65 and older with PD coverage [6% Hispanic, 7% non-Hispanic Black, 3% non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (API)]. Key variables are self-reported race/ethnicity and Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems getting information and needed PDs measures. Data Collection/Extraction Methods:We generated weighted case-mix adjusted means for 4 racial/ethnic groups and for Hispanics separately by English-language or Spanish-language preference status. We calculated within-plan disparities using a linear mixed-effect model, with fixed effects for race/ethnicity, coverage type and case-mix variables, and random effects for contract and contract by race/ethnicity interactions. Principal Findings:Disparities for Hispanic, Black, and API beneficiaries on obtaining needed PDs and information regarding coverage range from −2 to −11 points (0–100 scale) relative to non-Hispanic Whites, with the greatest disparities observed for Spanish-preferring Hispanics and API beneficiaries, especially those with low income. There is wide variation in disparities across contracts, and contracts with the largest disparities for Hispanics have higher proportions of beneficiaries with lower education and income. Conclusions:Quality improvement efforts may be needed to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in beneficiary experience with PD coverage. Cultural, language, and health literacy barriers in navigating Medicare’s Part D program may partially explain the observed disparities.
Targeted Genetic Screen in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Reveals Novel Genetic Variants with Synergistic Effect on Clinical Phenotype

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is underpinned by an oligogenic rare variant architecture. Identified genetic variants of ALS include RNA-binding proteins containing prion-like domains (PrLDs). We hypothesized that screening genes encoding additional similar proteins will yield novel genetic causes of ALS. The most common genetic variant of ALS patients is a G4C2-repeat expansion within C9ORF72. We have shown that G4C2-repeat RNA sequesters RNA-binding proteins. A logical consequence of this is that loss-of-function mutations in G4C2-binding partners might contribute to ALS pathogenesis independently of and/or synergistically with C9ORF72 expansions. Targeted sequencing of genomic DNA encoding either RNA-binding proteins or known ALS genes (n = 274 genes) was performed in ALS patients to identify rare deleterious genetic variants and explore genotype-phenotype relationships. Genomic DNA was extracted from 103 ALS patients including 42 familial ALS patients and 61 young-onset (average age of onset 41 years) sporadic ALS patients; patients were chosen to maximize the probability of identifying genetic causes of ALS. Thirteen patients carried a G4C2-repeat expansion of C9ORF72. We identified 42 patients with rare deleterious variants; 6 patients carried more than one variant. Twelve mutations were discovered in known ALS genes which served as a validation of our strategy. Rare deleterious variants in RNA-binding proteins were significantly enriched in ALS patients compared to control frequencies (p = 5.31E-18). Nineteen patients featured at least one variant in a RNA-binding protein containing a PrLD. The number of variants per patient correlated with rate of disease progression (t-test, p = 0.033). We identified eighteen patients with a single variant in a G4C2-repeat binding protein. Patients with a G4C2-binding protein variant in combination with a C9ORF72 expansion had a significantly faster disease course (t-test, p = 0.025). Our data are consistent with an oligogenic model of ALS. We provide evidence for a number of entirely novel genetic variants of ALS caused by mutations in RNA-binding proteins. Moreover we show that these mutations act synergistically with each other and with C9ORF72 expansions to modify the clinical phenotype of ALS. A key finding is that this synergy is present only between functionally interacting variants. This work has significant implications for ALS therapy development.
Turbulence transition in pipe flow

Pipe flow is a prominent example among the shear flows that undergo transition to turbulence without mediation by a linear instability of the laminar profile. Experiments on pipe flow, as well as plane Couette and plane Poiseuille flow, show that triggering turbulence depends sensitively on initial conditions, that between the laminar and the turbulent states there exists no intermediate state with simple spatial or temporal characteristics, and that turbulence is not persistent, i.e., it can decay again, if the observation time is long enough. All these features can consistently be explained on the assumption that the turbulent state corresponds to a chaotic saddle in state space. The goal of this review is to explain this concept, summarize the numerical and experimental evidence for pipe flow, and outline the consequences for related flows.
A 160×128 single-photon image sensor with on-pixel 55ps 10b time-to-digital converter

Image sensors capable of resolving the time-of-arrival (ToA) of individual photons with high resolution are needed in several applications, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), optical rangefinding, and positron emission tomography. In FRET, for example, typical fluorescence lifetime is of the order of 100 to 300ps, thus deep-subnanosecond resolutions are needed in the instrument response function (IRF). This in turn requires new time-resolved image sensors with better time resolution, increased throughput, and lower costs. Solid-state avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger-mode, or single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), have existed for decades [1] but only recently have SPADs been integrated in CMOS. However, as array sizes have grown, the readout bottleneck has also become evident, leading to hybrid designs or more integration and more parallelism on-chip [2,3]. This trend has accelerated with the introduction of SPAD devices in deep-submicron CMOS, that have enabled the design of massively parallel arrays where the entire photon detection and ToA circuitry is integrated on-pixel [4,5].
Impacts of solar-absorbing aerosol layers on the transition of stratocumulus to trade cumulus clouds

Abstract. The effects of an initially overlying layer of solar-absorbing aerosol on the transition of stratocumulus to trade cumulus clouds are examined using large-eddy simulations. For lightly drizzling cloud the transition is generally hastened, resulting mainly from increased cloud droplet number concentration (Nc) induced by entrained aerosol. The increased Nc slows sedimentation of cloud droplets and shortens their relaxation time for diffusional growth, both of which accelerate entrainment of overlying air and thereby stratocumulus breakup. However, the decrease in albedo from cloud breakup is more than offset by redistributing cloud water over a greater number of droplets, such that the diurnal-average shortwave forcing at the top of the atmosphere is negative. The negative radiative forcing is enhanced by sizable longwave contributions, which result from the greater cloud breakup and a reduced boundary layer height associated with aerosol heating. A perturbation of moisture instead of aerosol aloft leads to a greater liquid water path and a more gradual transition. Adding absorbing aerosol to that atmosphere results in substantial reductions in liquid water path (LWP) and cloud cover that lead to positive shortwave and negative longwave forcings on average canceling each other. Only for heavily drizzling clouds is the breakup delayed, as inhibition of precipitation overcomes cloud water loss from enhanced entrainment. Considering these simulations as an imperfect proxy for biomass burning plumes influencing Namibian stratocumulus, we expect regional indirect plus semi-direct forcings to be substantially negative to negligible at the top of the atmosphere, with its magnitude sensitive to background and perturbation properties.
Tonal alignment in three varieties of hiberno-English

This pilot study investigates the tonal alignment of pre-nuclear (PN) and nuclear (N) accents in three Hiberno-English (HE) regional varieties: Dublin, Drogheda, and Donegal English. The peak alignment is investigated as a function of the number of unstressed syllables before PN and after N. Dublin and Drogheda English appear to a have fixed peak alignment in both nuclear and pre-nuclear conditions. Donegal English, however, shows a drift in peak alignment in nuclear and prenuclear conditions. Findings also show that the peak is located earlier in nuclear and later in pre-nuclear conditions across the three dialects. Index Terms: peak alignment, Hiberno-English, nuclear and pre-nuclear accents
The Role of Resting Duration in the Kinematic Pattern of Two Consecutive Bench Press Sets to Failure in Elite Sprint Kayakers

This study aimed to investigate the role of rest period duration (RP) on the time course of the acceleration portion (AP) and mean velocity of the concentric phase across two bench press sets to failure with a submaximal load (60% of the 1RM) using different RP. Ten elite junior kayakers performed, on four different days, two consecutive bench press sets to failure, allowing randomly 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-min RP between sets. AP reached a maximal value of 66% of the concentric movement time. This maximal AP was observed in repetition number 2 or 3, and then AP declined during the set, with a significant decrease when the number of repetitions was over 80% of the total number of repetitions performed. AP and lifting velocity patterns of the concentric phase were not altered during a second set to failure, regardless of RP. However, when velocity was expressed in absolute terms, 1-min RP was insufficient to maintain the average lifting velocity during the second set, compared to the first one. These results may be of use in selecting number of repetitions and resting duration in order to ensure optimal maintenance of the accelerative portion of concentric movement time with different resting-period durations.
2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of Behçet’s syndrome

Several new treatment modalities with different mechanisms of action have been studied in patients with Behçet’s syndrome (BS). The aim of the current effort was to update the recommendations in the light of these new data under the auspices of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Standing Committee for Clinical Affairs. A task force was formed that included BS experts from different specialties including internal medicine, rheumatology, ophthalmology, dermatology, neurology, gastroenterology, oral health medicine and vascular surgery, along with a methodologist, a health professional, two patients and two fellows in charge of the systematic literature search. Research questions were determined using a Delphi approach. EULAR standardised operating procedures was used as the framework. Results of the systematic literature review were presented to the task force during a meeting. The former recommendations were modified or new recommendations were formed after thorough discussions followed by voting. The recommendations on the medical management of mucocutaneous, joint, eye, vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal involvement of BS were modified; five overarching principles and a new recommendation about the surgical management of vascular involvement were added. These updated, evidence-based recommendations are intended to help physicians caring for patients with BS. They also attempt to highlight the shortcomings of the available clinical research with the aim of proposing an agenda for further research priorities.
A cluster based geometrical model for millimeter wave mobile-to-mobile channels

In this paper, a geometric multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) mobile-to-mobile (M2M) applications based on the two-ring reference model. The cluster-based nonisotropic scattering is considered, where all the clusters are located on the two rings centered on the transmitter and receiver. Intra-cluster azimuth spread of scatterers is characterized according to mmWave channel characteristics. Based on the proposed model, the time correlation function and Doppler power spectrum are obtained. It is found that a small number of clusters lead to high time correlation function, and the correlation is related to the degree of intra-cluster nonisotropic scattering, especially when cluster number is small. Moreover, the Doppler power spectrum is similar to the U-shaped spectrum. The cluster number, intra-cluster spread, and antenna spacing all have strong impacts on the Doppler power spectrum. The proposed model is useful for the design and evaluation of mmWave M2M communication system.