Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding social citizenship : themes and perspectives for policy and practice

Part one: Citizenship and welfare: Introduction: defining citizenship Two traditions of thought: civic republicanism and liberalism The development of social citizenship in Britain Contemporary approaches to social citizenship Part two: Issues of difference and stratification: Poverty, class, citizenship and welfare Gender, citizenship and welfare Disabled citizens? Race, ethnicity, citizenship and welfare Part three: Beyond the nation state: Social Europe Global citizenship? Conclusions.
DISTRIBUTED SIGNAL PROCESSING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

6.1 The Problem of Distributed Detection and Data Fusion . 142 6.2 Fusion Architectures. 143 6.3 Recent Advances in Distributed Detection/Estimation in Resource-Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks . 145 6.3. 1 Detection in Large Systems . 146 6.3. 2 Detection Performance in Fading Channels . 148 6.3. 3 Estimation with Distributed Sensors . 149 6.4 Recent Results on Analog Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks . 150 6.4. 1 Distributed Detection of a Deterministic Signal in a Total Power and Bandwidth Constrained System . 152 6.4. 2 Distributed Detection of a Random Gaussian Signal in a Total Power and Bandwidth Constrained System. 156 6.5 Future Directions . 163 6.6 Chapter Summary . 163 References . 164
Labour�?Market Attachment and Training Participation

This paper examines how expected attachment to the labor market and expected tenure at a specific firm affect training participation. The results, based on cross-sectional data from Japan, indicate that expected attachment to the labor market affects participation in both employer- and worker-initiated training, while expected tenure at a specific firm mainly explains participation in employer-initiated training. These two attachment indices explain almost half of the gender gap in training participation. Employers in a less competitive labor market are more likely to offer employer-initiated training to their workers.
Compressive video classification for decision systems with limited resources

In this paper, we address the problem of video classification from a set of compressed features. In particular, the properties of linear random projections in the framework of compressive sensing are exploited to reduce the task of classifying a given video sequence into a problem of sparse reconstruction, based on feature vectors consisting of measurements lying in a low-dimensional compressed domain. This can be of great importance in decision systems with limited power, processing, and bandwidth resources, since the classification is performed without handling the original high-resolution video data, but working directly with the set of compressed measurements. The experimental evaluation verifies the efficiency of the proposed scheme and illustrates that the compressed measurements in conjunction with an appropriate decision rule result in an effective video classification scheme, which meets the constraints of systems with limited resources.
The GLFG repetitive region of the nucleoporin Nup116p interacts with Kap95p, an essential yeast nuclear import factor

Nup116p is a member of a family of five yeast nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins that share an amino terminal region of repetitive tetrapeptide "GLFG" motifs. Previous experiments characterized the unique morphological perturbations that occur in a nup116 null mutant: temperature-sensitive formation of nuclear envelope seals over the cytoplasmic face of the NPC (Wente, S. R., and G. Blobel. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:275-284). Three approaches have been taken to dissect the structural basis for Nup116p's role in NPC function. First, deletion mutagenesis analysis of NUP116 revealed that the GLFG region was required for NPC function. This was not true for the other four yeast GLFG family members (Nup49p, Nup57p, Nup100p, and Nup145p). Moreover, deletion of either half of Nup116p's GLFG repeats or replacement of Nup116p's GLFG region with either Nup100p's GLFG region or Nsp1p's FXFG repetitive region abolishes the function of Nup116p. At a semipermissive growth temperature, the cells lacking Nup116p's GLFG region displayed a diminished capacity for nuclear import. Second, overexpression of Nup116p's GLFG region severely inhibited cell growth, rapidly blocked polyadenylated-RNA export, and fragmented the nucleolus. Although it inhibited nuclear export, the overexpressed GLFG region appeared predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and NPC/nuclear envelope structure was not perturbed in thin section electron micrographs. Finally, using biochemical and two-hybrid analysis, an interaction was characterized between Nup116p's GLFG region and Kap95p, an essential yeast homologue of the vertebrate nuclear import factor p97/Imp90/karopherin beta. These data show that Nup116p's GLFG region has an essential role in mediating nuclear transport.
ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE MOLECULAR GAS FRACTION OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

We present IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometric detections of CO (J = 1 → 0) emission from a 24 μm-selected sample of star-forming galaxies at z = 0.4. The galaxies have polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7.7 μm-derived star formation rates of SFR ∼30–60 M☉ yr−1 and stellar masses M⋆ ∼ 1011 M☉. The CO (J = 1 → 0) luminosities of the galaxies imply that the disks still contain a large reservoir of molecular gas, contributing ∼20% of the baryonic mass, but have star formation “efficiencies” similar to local quiescent disks and gas-dominated disks at z ∼ 1.5–2. We reveal evidence that the average molecular gas fraction has undergone strong evolution since z ∼ 2, with fgas ∝ (1 + z)∼2±0.5. The evolution of fgas encodes fundamental information about the relative depletion/replenishment of molecular fuel in galaxies and is expected to be a strong function of halo mass. We show that the latest predictions for the evolution of the molecular gas fraction in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation within a ΛCDM universe are supported by these new observations.
Building Frame Semantics Resources for Scandinavian and Baltic Languages

Annotated data with role-semantic information are becoming an ever more important resource for many semantic systems. They form the core element to develop large coverage, high-performance, and reusable semantic parsers, classifiers as well as applications that include lexicography, term and information extraction, semantic processing of the web, text-to-scene conversion systems, etc. Existing examples of role annotated corpora/resources include for English: FrameNet, PropBank, and VerbNet, for German: Salsa, and for Spanish: Spanish FrameNet. However, the two main initiatives outside English take FrameNet as a semantic pivot and attempt to derive or adapt frames to the target language using manual work or semiautomatic systems. As frequently observed, the itemization of frames and lexical units and their manual annotation in a corpus is an expensive task that requires a relatively long-term and dedicated commitment. Such an effort is currently beyond the reach of most research teams in the Nordic/Baltic area, which could impair the quality, and possibly the existence, of future semantic applications in these languages. This makes the construction of a role-semantic annotated corpus and the design of automatic or semiautomatic transfer methods a challenge as well as an opportunity. These proceedings contain the seven papers of the FRAME 2007 workshop, which was held on May 24, 2007 in Tartu, Estonia. They provide perspectives from various areas on current research in frame semantics and we hope they will foster new ideas to start the construction of role-annotated corpora in the Nordic/Baltic region and possibly share it across families of related languages.
Interpretation of radio continuum and molecular line observations of Sgr B2: free-free and synchrotron emission, and implications for cosmic rays

Recent ammonia (1,1) inversion line data on the Galactic star-forming region Sgr B2 show that the column density is consistent with a radial Gaussian density profile with a standard deviation of 2.75 pc. Deriving a formula for the virial mass of spherical Gaussian clouds, we obtain M_(vir) = 1.9 x 10^6 M⊙ for Sgr B2. For this matter distribution, a reasonable magnetic field and an impinging flux of cosmic rays of solar neighbourhood intensity, we predict the expected synchrotron emission from the Sgr B2 giant molecular cloud due to secondary electrons and positrons resulting from cosmic-ray interactions, including effects of losses due to pion production collisions during diffusive propagation into the cloud complex. We assemble radio-continuum data at frequencies between 330 MHz and 230 GHz. From the spectral-energy distribution, the emission appears to be thermal at all frequencies. Before using these data to constrain the predicted synchrotron flux, we first model the spectrum as free-free emission from the known ultra compact H II regions plus emission from an envelope or wind with a radial-density gradient, and obtain an excellent fit. We thus find the spectrum at all frequencies to be dominated by thermal emission, and this severely constrains the possible synchrotron emission by secondary electrons to quite low-flux levels. The absence of a significant contribution by secondary electrons is almost certainly due to multi-GeV energy cosmic rays being unable to penetrate far into giant molecular clouds. This would also explain why 100 MeV-GeV gamma-rays (from neutral pion decay or bremsstrahlung by secondary electrons) were not observed from Sgr B2 by the EGRET instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, while TeV energy gamma-rays were observed by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS), being produced by higher energy cosmic rays which more readily penetrate giant molecular clouds.
A DIRECT CONSTRAINT ON THE GAS CONTENT OF A MASSIVE, PASSIVELY EVOLVING ELLIPTICAL GALAXY AT z = 1.43

Gas and dust in star-forming galaxies at the peak epoch of galaxy assembly are presently the topic of intense study, but little is known about the interstellar medium (ISM) of distant, passively evolving galaxies. We report on a deep 3 mm band search with the IRAM/Plateau de Bure Interferometer for molecular (H2) gas in a massive ( M ⋆ ? > ∼ 6 × 1011 M ⊙ ? > ) elliptical galaxy at z = 1.4277, the first observation of this kind ever attempted. We place a 3σ upper limit of 0.32 Jy km s−1 on the flux of the CO(J = 2 → ? > 1) line or L CO ′ ? > < 8.8 × 109 K km s−1 pc2, assuming a disklike CO-morphology and a circular velocity scaling with the stellar velocity dispersion as in local early-type galaxies (ETGs). This translates to an H2 mass of <3.9 × 1010 ( &agr; CO ? > /4.4) M ⊙ ? > or a gas fraction of ≲6% assuming a Salpeter initial mass function and an ISM dominated by H2, as observed in many local, high-mass ellipticals. This low value approaches that of local ETGs, suggesting that the low star formation activity in massive, high-z passive galaxies reflects a true dearth of gas and a lesser role for inhibitive mechanisms like morphological quenching.
Learning and Predictability Across Events

There have been many theoretical representations of learning in financial markets, but few empirical realizations. In this paper, we establish an empirical learning framework which emphasizes the ordering of history, the similarity of events, the importance of memory and the importance of parameter variation in learning. The methodology proposed transforms the standard event study into a dynamic event study with learning. We construct a test for learning and investigate its properties using a Monte Carlo simulation. To illustrate the method, we consider a long-period study of IPOs on the NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ from 1980 to 1996.
**title** Asp Conference Series, Vol. **volume**, **publication Year** **editors** Massive Molecular Outflows

Well established correlations of low-mass flows show a continuity in the high-mass regime, and mean accretion rates for L > 1000 L ⊙ are ˙ M accr ∼ 10 −4 M ⊙ yr −1. We also present a tight correlation between outflow masses and core masses, which implies that the accretion rate is to first order a linear function of the core mass. All those results support the idea that similar physical processes drive outflows of all masses.
Learning and teaching in a synchronous collaborative environment

Despite obvious domination of asynchronous collaborative technologies, especially for virtual classrooms and distance education, the work presented in this paper is based on the assumption that some students will still prefer the experience of on-campus, face-to-face collaborative learning. For those students a new synchronous collaborative environment is created by combining an innovative methodology for 'same-time, same-place' interactive learning and the technology called Group Support Systems which is designed to provide not only communication but rather computer-mediated collaboration. This paper introduces this learning methodology and illustrates its potential to improve critical thinking, problem solving and communication skills of all students who are stimulated to participate as equal learners. It also describes how teachers are transformed from 'information delivery specialists' to guides and facilitators of learning.
It Still Takes A Candidate: Why Women Don't Run for Office

1. Electoral politics: still a man's world? 2. Explaining women's emergence in the political arena 3. The gender gap in political ambition 4. Barefoot, pregnant, and holding a law degree: family dynamics and running for office 5. Gender, party, and political recruitment 6. 'I'm just not qualified': gendered self-perceptions of candidate viability 7. Taking the plunge: deciding to run for office 8. Gender and the future of electoral politics Appendix A. The Citizen Political Ambition Panel Study sample design and data collection Appendix B. The first wave survey (2001) Appendix C. The second wave survey (2008) Appendix D. The interview questionnaire Appendix E. Variable coding.
Evaluation of Alternative Weighting Techniques on the Swedish Stock Market

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate how the stock index SIX30RX compares against portfolios based on the same stock selection but with alternative weighting techniques. Eleven alternative weighting techniques are used and divided into three categories; heuristic, optimisation and momentum based ones. These are evaluated from 1990-01-01 until 2014-12-31.The results show that heuristic based weighting techniques overperform and show similar risk characteristics as the SIX30RX index. Optimisation based weighting techniques show strong overperformance but have different risk characteristics manifested in higher portfolio concentration and tracking error. Momentum based weighting techniques have slightly better performance and risk-adjusted performance while their risk concentration and average annual turnover is higher than all other techniques used.Minimum variance is the overall best performing weighting technique in terms of return and risk-adjusted return. Additionally, the equal weighted portfolio overperforms and has similar characteristics as the SIX30RX index despite its simple heuristic approach. In conclusion, all studied alternative weighting techniques except the momentum based ones clearly overperform the SIX30RX index.
Bumiputera Institution and the Development of Corporate Governance in Malaysia

Realizing the limitations of economic theories in explaining corporate governance practices, this thesis adopts an institutional approach in its attempt to understand how such issues are shaped by larger institutional contexts. Malaysia is used as a case study; and accordingly the influence of a dominant institution of Bumiputera (sons of the soil) on corporate governance practices is investigated. The thesis focuses on the emergence, institutionalization impact, and change of the Bumiputera institution; and how corporate governance practices are influenced in each stage. As a lens for analysis, this thesis integrates sociological and historical paradigms of the new institutionalisms, and extends Beckert? s (2010) framework to include the role of power as advanced by Steven Lukes (1974, 2005). This extended framework is useful in explaining how the reciprocal influence of the Bumiputera institution, social networks, cognition, and power affect the behaviour of corporate governance actors. The analysis shows that, following the commitment by the state towards Bumiputera, the Malays? equity ownership has seen a progressive increase, although it failed to meet the specified target of 30%. Malays? representation on corporate boards also increased. The commitment has also led to a strong state presence in the economy, through its involvement in the Government Linked Companies, established to pursue Bumiputera? s objectives. However, unintended consequences have arisen affecting both ownership and appointment. The analysis also shows that, while board appointment is largely based on social networks, the existence of the Bumiputera institution means that ethnicity matters. Appointment could be for political or legitimacy reasons. Heightened by liberalisation moves, both Bumiputera and corporate governance institutions are subject to change. However, this refers only to the regulative aspects of the institutions, which are more susceptible to change compared to their informal elements. The state? s commitment towards Bumiputera remains. This study contributes to corporate governance literature by providing evidence on how corporate governance institutions are influenced by the larger social-political and institutional context vis-�-vis the emerging economy. This study shows that: firstly, corporate governance practices are shaped by history and political contexts; hence, understanding history would enhance the understanding of corporate governance. Secondly, ownership structure and the board of directors are not just mechanisms of corporate governance; rather, they are also channels through which larger objectives, including social objectives, are being pursued. Finally, this institution of corporate governance is not driven by functional needs of capital providers, but is shaped by powerful actors. Corporate governance practices are not intended just for resolving a particular agency problem, but are a mode of response to a particular historical incident that developed in postcolonial Malaysia.
Characterization of N200 and P300: Selected Studies of the Event-Related Potential

The Event-Related Potential (ERP) is a time-locked measure of electrical activity of the cerebral surface representing a distinct phase of cortical processing. Two components of the ERP which bear special importance to stimulus evaluation, selective attention, and conscious discrimination in humans are the P300 positivity and N200 negativity, appearing 300 ms and 200 ms post-stimulus, respectively. With the rapid proliferation of high-density EEG methods, and interdisciplinary interest in its application as a prognostic, diagnostic, and investigative tool, an understanding of the underpinnings of P300 and N200 physiology may support its application to both the basic neuroscience and clinical medical settings. The authors present a synthesis of current understanding of these two deflections in both normal and pathological states.
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While prior research, as noted in our paper, often uses various accrual prediction models to detect earnings management, not much is known about the accuracy, both relative and absolute, associated with these models. Our paper investigates the accuracy of six different accrual prediction models, and offers the following findings. Only the Kang-Sivaramakrishnan (1995) model performs moderately well. The remaining five models provide little ability to predict total accruals: they are less accurate than a naïve model which predicts that total accruals equal -5 percent of total assets for all firms and years. Conventional R2 values from a regression of actual accruals on predicted accruals are less than zero for a substantial majority of firms for these five models. These low R2 values in the prediction period contrast sharply with the much higher R2 values that are obtained within the estimation period. Similar performance is observed when predicting current accruals alone. However, the relative rankings of the different models are altered somewhat: the Jones (1991) model is then the only model that exhibits some predictive ability. I d e n t i f y i n g u n e x p e c t e d a c c r u a l s : a c o m p a r i s o n o f c u r r e n t a p p r o a c h e s
How Does Uncertainty Resolution Affect VC Syndication?

All medical device companies require FDA 510(k) clearance before they can market their products to the public. Using this external certification as a natural experiment, this paper analyzes the dynamics of the syndicate formation process of venture capital firms under different circumstances of uncertainty. Our results suggest that FDA 510(k) clearance does serve as an outside certification reducing uncertainty that leads to a larger amount of capital flow into the company from a greater number of investors. Our results also suggest that VC firms are able to identify promising projects without the need for external 510(k) certification. Pre-approval syndicate formation is primarily driven by a search for second-opinion with greater likelihood of successful exit, while post-approval syndicate formation is primarily driven by the need for capital diversification. We test several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses on project selection, second opinion, collusion and diversification and find support for our hypotheses.
Climatic variability and cooperation in rangeland management: a case study from Niger

In this paper, we develop an empirical model of an agro-pastoral system subject to high climatic risk to test the impact of rainfall variability on livestock densities, land allocation patterns and herd mobility observed at the community level. Also, because grazing land is a common-pool resource, we determine the impact of cooperation on these decision variables. To capture different abilities of communities to manage these externalities, we construct indices comprised of factors considered to affect the costliness of achieving successful cooperation found in the collective action literature. We then test hypotheses regarding the impact of rainfall variability and cooperation using data collected in a semi-arid region of Niger. Results indicate that rainfall variability first leads to higher and then lower stock densities, indicating that benefits of accumulating large herds in variable environments are eventually offset by the higher risks of low production and higher mortality. Communities with characteristics hypothesized to favor cooperation have lower stock densities and greater herd mobility. Neither cooperation nor rainfall variability has a significant impact on the proportion of land allocated to crops vs. common pastures.
Toward aerial simultaneous target localization and obstacle estimation using RSSI observations

This paper represents simultaneous estimation of an RF source location and the location and height of an obstacle between the RF source and a UAV using RSSI observations. The aim is to improve the localization of the RF source by estimating the location and height of the obstacle. The effect of the obstacle on signal strength attenuation, i.e. the diffraction loss, is the most important reason that affects the performance of distance estimation based on general or empirical path loss model. Consequently, by estimating the effect of obstacle on attenuation, it will be possible to improve the accuracy of distance estimation according to path loss models. The simultaneous estimation of radio source location and the specification of an existing obstacle are implemented using particle filter, due to the complexity and nonlinear nature of the equations related to the calculation of diffraction loss. The simulation results show an improved performance of suggested filter, compared to the basic case of not estimating the obstacle.