Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol: Evaluation through Experiments and Simulation

In this paper, we describe the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) [1] for Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) and the evaluation of this protocol through experiments and simulations. In particular, we emphasize the practical tests and intensive simulations, which have been used in guiding and evaluating the design of the protocol, and which have been a key to identifying both problems and solutions. OLSR is a proactive link-state routing protocol, employing periodic message exchange for updating topological information in each node in the network. I.e. topological information is flooded to all nodes in the network. Conceptually, OLSR contains three elements: Mechanisms for neighbor sensing based on periodic exchange of HELLO messages within a node’s neighborhood. Generic mechanisms for efficient flooding of control traffic into the network employing the concept of multipoint relays (MPRs) [5] for a significant reduction of duplicate retransmissions during the flooding process. And a specification of a set of control-messages providing each node with sufficient topological information to be able to compute an optimal route to each destination in the network using any shortest-path algorithm. Experimental work, running a test-network of laptops with IEEE 802.11 wireless cards, revealed interesting properties. While the protocol, as originally specified, works quite well, it was found, that enforcing “jitter” on the interval between the periodic exchange of control messages in OLSR and piggybacking said control messages into a single packet, significantly reduced the number of messages lost due to collisions. It was also observed, that under certain conditions a “naive” neighbor sensing mechanism was insufficient: a bad link between two nodes (e.g. when two nodes are on the edge of radio range) might on occasion transmit a HELLO message in both directions (hence enabling the link for routing), while not being able to sustain continuous traffic. This would result in “route-flapping” and temporary loss of connectivity. With the experimental results as basis, we have been deploying simulations to reveal the impact of the various algorithmic improvements, described above.
Developmental regulation of spatio-temporal patterns of cortical circuit activation

Neural circuits are refined in an experience-dependent manner during early postnatal development. How development modulates the spatio-temporal propagation of activity through cortical circuits is poorly understood. Here we use voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSD) to show that there are significant changes in the spatio-temporal patterns of intracortical signals in primary visual cortex (V1) from postnatal day 13 (P13), eye opening, to P28, the peak of the critical period for rodent visual cortical plasticity. Upon direct stimulation of layer 4 (L4), activity spreads to L2/3 and to L5 at all ages. However, while from eye opening to the peak of the critical period, the amplitude and persistence of the voltage signal decrease, peak activation is reached more quickly and the interlaminar gain increases with age. The lateral spread of activation within layers remains unchanged throughout the time window under analysis. These developmental changes in spatio-temporal patterns of intracortical circuit activation are mediated by differences in the contributions of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic components. Our results demonstrate that after eye opening the circuit in V1 is refined through a progression of changes that shape the spatio-temporal patterns of circuit activation. Signals become more efficiently propagated across layers through developmentally regulated changes in interlaminar gain.
Role of locus coeruleus α1‐adrenoceptors in motor activity in rats

The question of whether or not the locus coeruleus (LC) participates in the control of motor activity has been controversial due to difficulties in demonstrating permanent motor deficits after neurotoxic lesions of this nucleus or of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNB). In the present experiments it was shown in rats that acute local blockade (with terazosin) or stimulation (with phenylephrine) of LC α1‐adrenoceptors respectively blocked or stimulated exploratory behavior in a novel cage and the home cage. Moreover, previous lesion of the DNB by i.p. DSP4 abolished the behavioral changes to local LC α1‐receptor manipulation but did not affect motor activity in the novel or home cage by itself. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the intact LC does contribute to motor activity control, exerted in part by its α1‐receptors; however, the permanent loss of this nucleus is compensated for by remaining CNS motor structures. Synapse 54:164–172, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geometric Clutch model version 3: the role of the inner and outer arm dyneins in the ciliary beat.

The Geometric Clutch model of ciliary and flagellar beating uses the transverse force (t-force) that develops between the outer doublets of the axoneme as the regulator for activating and deactivating the dynein motors and organizing the flagellar beat. The version of the model described here adds detail to the formulations used in the two previous versions as follows: (1) In place of two opposing sets of dyneins, the new model has four sets of dyneins, corresponding to two sets on each side of the axoneme acting in series. (2) The four sets of dyneins are each subdivided into two ranks representing inner and outer arm dyneins. (3) The force produced by each dynein is governed by a force-velocity relationship that is independently specified for the inner and outer arms. Consistent with the original model, the new version of the Geometric Clutch model can simulate both the effective and recovery stroke phases of the ciliary beat using a single uniform algorithm. In addition, the new version can operate with the outer arms disabled. Under this condition, the simulation exhibits a beat pattern similar to the original but the beat frequency is reduced to approximately one third. These results are contingent on using force-velocity relationships for the inner and outer arms similar to those described by Brokaw [1999: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 42:134-148], where the inner arms contribute most of the driving force at low shear velocities. This constitutes the first examination of the effects of the force-velocity characteristics of dynein on a cilia-like beat in a theoretical framework.
Modifying the C Index for Use With Holland Codes of Unequal Length

The concept of congruence between person and occupation lies at the core of Holland’s (1997) theory of career types. The C index is arguably the best available method for comparing the congruence of two Holland code profiles. The C index reflects the theorized hexagonal structure of the Holland RIASEC model, is sensitive to code ordering, and is simple to calculate. However, the C index is formulated to only make comparisons between Holland code profiles three letters in length. Although this is consistent with the instrumentation and supporting materials developed by Holland and his colleagues, it is inconsistent with both the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), each of which assigns Holland codes of one to three letters. Consequently, the C index cannot be easily used with either the SII or the O*NET. Moreover, the authors argue that it is arbitrary to always calculate congruence using Holland codes three letters in length and that congruence should only be calculated using those Holland types that are clearly salient in the profiles being compared. The modifications to the C index proposed in this article allow comparisons between Holland code profiles of unequal lengths and/or of less than three letters in length and retain the desirable properties of the original C index: reflection of the hexagonal structure, sensitivity to order, and simplicity of calculation.
MUC1-Targeted Cancer Cell Photothermal Ablation Using Bioinspired Gold Nanorods

Recent studies have highlighted the overexpression of mucin 1 (MUC1) in various epithelial carcinomas and its role in tumorigenesis. These mucins present a novel targeting opportunity for nanoparticle-mediated photothermal cancer treatments due to their unique antenna-like extracellular extension. In this study, MUC1 antibodies and albumin were immobilized onto the surface of gold nanorods using a “primer” of polydopamine (PD), a molecular mimic of catechol- and amine-rich mussel adhesive proteins. PD forms an adhesive platform for the deposition of albumin and MUC1 antibodies, achieving a surface that is stable, bioinert and biofunctional. Two-photon luminescence confocal and darkfield scattering imaging revealed targeting of MUC1-BSA-PD-NRs to MUC1+ MCF-7 breast cancer and SCC-15 squamous cell carcinoma cells lines. Treated cells were exposed to a laser encompassing the near-infrared AuNR longitudinal surface plasmon and assessed for photothermal ablation. MUC1-BSA-PD-NRs substantially decreased cell viability in photoirradiated MCF-7 cell lines vs. MUC1- MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (p < 0.005). Agents exhibited no cytotoxicity in the absence of photothermal treatment. The facile nature of the coating method, combined with targeting and photoablation efficacy, are attractive features of these candidate cancer nanotherapeutics.
Information Asymmetry in Mauritius Slave Auctions

Evidence on adverse selection in slave markets remains inconclusive. A necessary prerequisite is that buyers and sellers have different information. We study informational asymmetry on the slave markets through notarial acts on public slave auctions in Mauritius between 1825 and 1835, involving 4,286 slaves. In addition to slave characteristics, the acts document the identities of buyers and sellers. We use this information to determine whether the buyer of a slave was related (e.g. a relative or a spouse) to the original slave owner, and thus most likely better--informed than other bidders. Auction--theoretic models predict that bidding should be more aggressive when informed bidders are present in open-bid, ascending auctions, such as slave auctions. By proxying informed bidders by related bidders, our results consistently indicate that this is the case, pointing toward the presence of information asymmetry in the market for slaves in Mauritius.
C-Abl Is Required for the Development of Hyperoxia-Induced Retinopathy

The requirement for the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-abl in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was examined using the mouse model for ROP and c-abl–deficient mice. Hyperoxia-induced retinal neovascularization was observed in wild-type and heterozygous mice but animals that were homozygous null for c-abl did not develop a vasoproliferative retinopathy in response to hyperoxia. Two gene products, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ROP. The mRNA expression of ET-1 and VEGF was assessed in mice maintained in normoxia and in hyperoxia-exposed mice. ET-1 mRNA levels were unchanged in wild-type mice throughout the hyperoxia treatment, suggesting that ET-1 mRNA expression is not regulated by the increase in inspired oxygen. In wild-type mice maintained in room air, VEGF mRNA levels rose threefold from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P17. When wild-type mice were treated with the hyperoxia regimen, a fivefold decrease in VEGF mRNA expression was observed from P7 to P16. However, retinal VEGF expression in hyperoxia-treated homozygous null mice did not decrease and remained at control levels. These data suggest that c-abl is required for the hyperoxia-induced retinal neovascularization and hyperoxia-induced decrease in VEGF mRNA levels.
The efficacy of Tai Chi Chuan in older adults: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on fall prevention, balance and cardiorespiratory functions in the elderly. METHODS A systematic review was carried out according to the Cochrane standards. A computerized literature search was carried out. Studies were selected when they had an experimental design; the age of the study population was >50; one of the interventions was a form of TCC; and when falls, balance or cardiorespiratory functions were used as an outcome measure. A total of seven studies were included, with in total 505 participants, of whom all but 27 were healthy seniors, age between 53 and 96 years. RESULTS In most studies, the intervention of TCC is a modified Yang style, varying from 10 to 24 forms. The intensity of TCC varies from 1 h weekly for 10 weeks to 1 h every morning for 1 year. One study used falls as outcome measure and reported a beneficial effect of 47% in the TCC group. All studies mention a beneficial effect of TCC, but in most studies this conclusion was based on a pre-post analysis. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence that TCC is effective in reducing falls and blood pressure in the elderly.
Radiation Therapy in Cochlear Implant Recipients

Hypothesis: Processes of scattering and attenuation were investigated to determine the consequence on dose distributions by having a cochlear implant in the field of therapeutic radiation. Background: Radiation oncology medical accelerator beams of 6- and 18-MV x-ray energy were used. Five cochlear implants were investigated. Methods: Each implant model was individually studied using computer dose modeling and through exercises in radiation measurement during live delivery. Results: No side scatter was detected, and negligible backscattering was observed for the primary device housing and electrodes. Attenuation consequences were found to be dependent on the model of cochlear implant studied and specifically dependent on the material composition of each device. Conclusion: The maximum attenuated dose change for the study was found to be −8.8% for 6 MV and −6.6% for 18 MV. This study presents the first comparison of therapeutic radiation delivery versus computerized treatment simulation involving cochlear implants.
Design and implementation of a group-based RO PUF

The silicon physical unclonable functions (PUF) utilize the uncontrollable variations during integrated circuit (IC) fabrication process to facilitate security related applications such as IC authentication. In this paper, we describe a new framework to generate secure PUF secret from ring oscillator (RO) PUF with improved hardware efficiency. Our work is based on the recently proposed group-based RO PUF with the following novel concepts: an entropy distiller to filter the systematic variation; a simplified grouping algorithm to partition the ROs into groups; a new syndrome coding scheme to facilitate error correction; and an entropy packing method to enhance coding efficiency and security. Using RO PUF dataset available in the public domain, we demonstrate these concepts can create PUF secret that can pass the NIST randomness and stability tests. Compared to other state-of-the-art RO PUF design, our approach can generate an average of 72% more PUF secret with the same amount of hardware.
Everybody’s problem: novice teachers in disadvantaged Mexican schools

This paper explores the difficulties that novice teachers confront at two economically, socially, and academically disadvantaged schools in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The researchers employed the action research tradition. Problems were identified using participant observation during reflexive workshops conducted with novice teachers and also in school settings. Teacher-generated written documents during the workshops were also analyzed. The difficulties these teachers face include issues related to parent involvement, resources, students’ basic learning background, teaching strategies for students with particular needs, discipline, work overload, and career preparation and curricular reform. The identified challenges are similar to those that beginning teachers typically experience. However, results of this study highlight the ways in which the immediate working context and characteristics of Mexico’s educational system uniquely impact and structure the experience of novice teachers in disadvantaged schools.
Pedagogy of love and care: shaken schools respond

Purpose – The 22 February 2011 series of earthquakes that devastated large parts of the Canterbury region of New Zealand provides the dramatic backdrop to this paper, which explores the manner in which schools responded and recovered from the quakes. Drawing on interviews held 18 months later with principals, teachers and students, practical suggestions for how schools can manage risk, and prepare for future similar events are made. The manner in which schools altered, and in particular, the roles principals took, are examined. Finally, the central importance of care and love in schools in the quake-affected areas is considered. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research design using narrative enquiry approaches was used to capture the stories of principals, teachers, and students who had experienced both the earthquakes, and the recovery period following the trauma. Semi-structured interviews with participants were held over a period of days. Findings – The importance of being prepared for natu.
Alterations of the mitochondrial proteome caused by the absence of mitochondrial DNA: A proteomic view

The proper functioning of mitochondria requires that both the mitochondrial and the nuclear genome are functional. To investigate the importance of the mitochondrial genome, which encodes only 13 subunits of the respiratory complexes, the mitochondrial rRNAs and a few tRNAs, we performed a comparative study on the 143B cell line and on its Rho‐0 counterpart, i.e., devoid of mitochondrial DNA. Quantitative differences were found, of course in the respiratory complexes subunits, but also in the mitochondrial translation apparatus, mainly mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, and in the ion and protein import system, i.e., including membrane proteins. Various mitochondrial metabolic processes were also altered, especially electron transfer proteins and some dehydrogenases, but quite often on a few proteins for each pathway. This study also showed variations in some hypothetical or poorly characterized proteins, suggesting a mitochondrial localization for these proteins. Examples include a stomatin‐like protein and a protein sharing homologies with bacterial proteins implicated in tyrosine catabolism. Proteins involved in apoptosis control are also found modulated in Rho‐0 mitochondria.
E‐commerce and globalization: an exploratory study of Egypt

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address how cultures could affect the way different people use the internet. The study showed that there is a great potential for e‐commerce in Egypt in particular and Arab world in general. However, there are many challenges, where people are used to paying cash for what they buy, the credit or debit card as an instrument for buying things is not readily acceptable by public Egyptians.Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory study based on analysing secondary data and observation. The reason for choosing this approach in this stage of research is the lack of research that deals with this particular issue in the chosen case study.Findings – The results showed that e‐commerce has some merit in targeting global customers, if it considers cultural differences when adopting and applying global marketing strategy. Although there are many governmental initiatives to adopt ICT on all levels in Egypt, the reality still far behind and there is still a lot need .
Outpatient versus inpatient IV antibiotic management for pediatric oncology patients with low risk febrile neutropenia: A randomised trial

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent, serious complication of intensive pediatric chemotherapy regimens. The aim of this trial was to compare quality of life (QOL) between inpatient and outpatient intravenous antibiotic management of children and adolescents with low risk febrile neutropenia (LRFN).
STUDIES ON LAPAROSCOPIC INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION OF BARKI EWES ( USING DIFFERENT INSEMINATION DOSES ) AS COMPARED WITH CERVICAL INSEMINATION

Received at: 1/6/2014 Accepted: 10/9/2014 The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic intrauterine insemination as compared with cervical insemination in Barki ewes as well as to set the optimum number of spermatozoa per laparoscopic insemination. A total of 33 oestrus-synchronized Barki ewes were divided into four groups, the first three groups were inseminated laparoscopically with either 10 x 10 (group 1), 20 x 10 (group 2) or 40 x 10 sperm/dose (group 3). The 4 group was cervically inseminated. The results showed that lambing rate after laparoscopic intrauterine insemination using 20 x 10 spermatozoa (75.00%) was superior to either laparoscopic insemination using 10 or 40 x 10 spermatozoa or cervical insemination using 80 x 10 spermatozoa (37.50%, 62.50 and 55.56%, respectively). Conclusively, intrauterine insemination using the technique of laparoscopy is a relatively simple, field applicable and convenient mean of achieving high lambing rates. Furthermore, 20×10 motile spermatozoa is the recommended laparoscopic insemination dose in Barki ewes.
Dispositional Resistance to Change and Occupational Interests and Choices

Through two field studies, we examine the role that individuals' orientation toward change has in determining their occupational choices and interests. In Study 1, 139 job applicants' dispositional resistance to change (RTC) scores were associated with occupational choice, such that individuals applying for investigative and enterprising jobs tended to have lower RTC scores in comparison to those applying for realistic and conventional jobs. In Study 2, among 45 individuals in artistic jobs and 61 individuals in conventional jobs, the routine-seeking dimension of RTC was negatively associated with the artistic choice and interests and positively associated with the conventional choice and interests. The inverse pattern of relationships was found for the emotional reaction dimension of RTC. The relevance of these findings for the occupational field is discussed.
Pregnancy may confer a selective cognitive advantage

Abstract This study investigated women's subjective complaints of problems with memory during pregnancy and their objective performance on a variety of tests of attention and memory. Objective testing revealed no differences between pregnant women (n = 52) and controls (n = 35) on tests of attention (dot probe), intentional and incidental recall, and direct and indirect memory (stem completion). On the baseline stem condition, pregnant women completed more (neutral) stems with pregnancy words than did controls. In an incidental recognition task, third trimester pregnant women recognized more pregnancy than neutral or anxious words. Women and their informants reported memory to have deteriorated during pregnancy. Given the power of the study, these findings suggest that pregnant women (1) may perform better than controls when the material is pregnancy-related and (2) may ‘falsely’ perceive their memory to have deteriorated during pregnancy.