Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An examination of the benefits of scalable TTI for heterogeneous traffic management in 5G networks

The rapid growth in the number and variety of connected devices requires 5G wireless systems to cope with a very heterogeneous traffic mix. As a consequence, the use of a fixed transmission time interval (TTI) during transmission is not necessarily the most efficacious method when heterogeneous traffic types need to be simultaneously serviced. This work analyzes the benefits of scheduling based on exploiting scalable TTI, where the channel assignment and the TTI duration are adapted to the deadlines and requirements of different services. We formulate an optimization problem by taking individual service requirements into consideration. We then prove that the optimization problem is NP-hard and provide a heuristic algorithm, which provides an effective solution to the problem. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm is capable of finding near-optimal solutions to meet the latency requirements of mission critical communication services, while providing a good throughput performance for mobile broadband services.
Language and Sexuality

Preface 1. Making connection 2. Talking sex and thinking sex: the linguistic and discursive construction of sexuality 3. What has gender got to do with sex? Language, heterosexuality and heteronormativity 4. Sexuality as identity: gay and lesbian language 5. Looking beyond identity: language and desire 6. Language and sexuality: theory, research and politics.
The experience of mild stroke among young adults and their spouses: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.

The aim of this research was to explore the experience and consequences of stroke amongst young adults and their spouses through semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis. Individuals who were aged between 18 and 50 years, who had experienced a mild stroke and who were at least three months post-stroke, were eligible for inclusion. Individuals with persistent communication impairment, which would result in difficulties in taking part in an interview, were excluded. Patient participants acted as gatekeepers to the recruitment of their spouses. Fifteen individuals participated in the study, eleven patients and four spouses. Accounts of participants’ experiences were transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four super-ordinate themes emerged from patient accounts: (1) sudden and unexplained: will it happen again? ; (2) changes in daily life; (3) trying to get better; and (4) relationship changes. Accounts from the spousal participants are encapsulated in the super-ordinate theme: loss and change. Findings demonstrate the ongoing difficulties experienced and negative impact stroke has on young adults and their partners. Ongoing cognitive impairments were a major barrier to carrying out daily activities, suggesting a need for greater recognition of such impairments among rehabilitation staff. Greater support is also required for spouses of young adults with stroke. Despite persistent difficulties, positive consequences of stroke were reported both by those directly affected and their spouses. Relationships were changed both positively and negatively following stroke. Insights gained in the current research contribute to a richer and more balanced understanding of the implications of stroke for young couples.
Towards a Reconceptualization of Striatal Interactions Between Glutamatergic and Dopaminergic Neurotransmission and Their Contribution to the Production of Movements

According to the current model of the basal ganglia organization, simultaneous activation of the striato-nigral direct pathway by glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission should lead to a synergistic facilitatory action on locomotor activity, while in contrast activation of the indirect pathway by these two neurotransmittions should lead to antagonistic effects on locomotor activity. Based on published data, as a break with the current thinking, we propose a reconceptualization of functional interactions between dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. In this model, dopaminergic neurotransmission is seen as a motor pacemaker responsible for the basal and primary activation of striatal output neurons and glutamate as a driver providing a multiple combination of tonic, phasic, facilitatory and inhibitory influxes resulting from the processing of environmental, emotional and mnesic stimuli. Thus, in the model, glutamate-coded inputs would allow tuning the intrinsic motor-activating properties of dopamine to adjust the production of locomotor activity into goal-oriented movements.
On the entry of semliki forest virus into BHK-21 cells

The pathway by which semliki forest virus (SFV), a membrane-containing animal virus, enters BHK-21 cells was studied morphologically and biochemically. After attaching to the cell surface, the majority of viruses was rapidly trapped into coated pits, internalized by endocytosis in coated vesicles, and sequestered into intracellular vacuoles and lysosomes. Direct penetration of viruses through the plasma membrane was never observed. To assess the possible involvement of lysosomes in the release of the genome into the cytoplasm, the effect of five lysosomotropic agents, known to increase the lysosomal pH, was tested. All of these agents inhibited SFV infectivity and one, chloroquine (the agent studied in most detail), inhibited a very early step in the infection but had no effect on binding, endocytosis, or intracellular distribution of SFV. Thus, the inhibitory effect was concluded to be either on penetration of the nucelocapsid into the cytoplasm or on uncoating of the viral RNA. Possible mechanisms for the penetration of the genome into the cytoplasm were studied in vitro, using phospholipids-cholesterol liposomes and isolated SFV. When the pH was 6.0 or lower, efficient fusion of the viral membranes and the liposomal membranes occurred, resulting in the transfer of the nucleocapsid into the liposomes. Infection of cells could also be induced by brief low pH treatment of cells with bound SFV under conditions where the normal infection route was blocked. The results suggest that the penetration of the viral genome into the cytosol takes place intracellularly through fusion between the limiting membrane of intracellular vacuoles and the membrane of viruses contained within them. The low pH required for fusion together with the inhibitory effect of lysosomotropic agents implicate lysosomes, or other intracellular vacuoles with sufficiently low pH, as the main sites of penetration.
Pediatric airway anatomy may not be what we thought: implications for clinical practice and the use of cuffed endotracheal tubes

One of the long held tenets of pediatric anesthesia has been the notion that the pediatric airway is conical shape with the narrowest area being the cricoid region. However, recent studies using radiologic imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) or direct bronchoscopic observation have questioned this suggesting that the narrowest segment may be at or just below the glottic opening. More importantly, it has been clearly demonstrated that the airway is elliptical in shape rather than circular with the anterior–posterior dimension being greater than the transverse dimension. These findings coupled with the development of a new generation of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) with a thin, polyurethane cuff have caused a transition in the practice of pediatric anesthesiology with an increased use of cuffed ETTs, even in neonates and infants. The following article reviews the historical data leading to the assumption that the pediatric airway is conical as well as the more recent imaging and direct bronchoscopic observational studies which refute this tenet. The transition to the use of cuffed ETTs is discussed and potential advantages presented in both the operating room and the intensive care unit. Issues regarding the monitoring of intracuff pressure and techniques to limit potential morbidity related to a high intracuff pressure are outlined.
Urine β2-microglobulin is associated with clinical disease activity and renal involvement in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective We investigated the association of serum and urine β2-microglobulin (β2MG) with renal involvement and clinical disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Sixty-four female patients with SLE were enrolled. We assessed SLE disease activity (SLEDAI)-2K and measured serum and urine β2MG levels, as well as complement (C3 and C4) and anti-dsDNA levels. According to the SLEDAI scores, two groups were categorized: low (0–5 of SLEDAI) and high (6–19 of SLEDAI) disease activity groups. The presence of renal involvement was determined by renal SLEDAI score. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, multivariate regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis. Results Urine β2MG levels were significantly different between low and high SLEDAI groups (p = 0.001), but not for serum β2MG levels (p = 0.579). Patients with renal involvement showed higher urine β2MG levels compared to those without renal involvement (p < 0.001), but again there was not a difference in serum β2MG levels (p = 0.228). Urine β2MG was closely associated with SLEDAI (r = 0.363, p = 0.003), renal SLEDAI (r = 0.479, p < 0.001), urine protein/Cr (r = 0.416, p = 0.001), and ESR (r = 0.347, p = 0.006), but not serum β2MG (r = 0.245, p = 0.051). Urine β2MG level was identified as a surrogate for renal involvement (p = 0.009, OR = 1.017, 95% CI 1.004–1.030) and overall disease activity (p = 0.009, OR = 1.020, 95% CI 1.005–1.036). Conclusions We demonstrated that urine β2MG levels are associated with renal involvement and overall clinical disease activity in SLE.
Success in Online Production Systems : A Longitudinal Analysis of the Socio-Technical Duality of Development Projects

Online production systems represent a new and innovative approach for producing information goods. However, the success of such endeavors depends on a careful interrelationship between their social and technical dimensions. In this paper, we explore how various aspects of those dimensions impact the success of online production systems. We collected data from the open source community GNOME and we used the inclusion of a product into an official release as indicator for the success of a project. Our analyses revealed that structural characteristics of the individual project’s communication and task dependency (coordination needs) networks, the position of individuals in the overall ecosystem communication network as well as the technical structure of the product, are all significantly associated with project success. Our novel results represent an important step in understanding the success drivers of online production systems as well as a starting point for reshaping traditional models for producing information goods typically used in corporate settings.
Further Studies on the Replication of Rabies and Rabies-Like Viruses in Organized Cultures of Mammalian Neural Tissues

Organized cultures of mammalian spinal and dorsal root ganglions were used for a comparative study of the neurocytopathology caused by rabies and so-called rabies-like viruses. Electron microscopy and titration of infectivity revised earlier data in which no difference could be demonstrated between street and fixed-virus infection. In the present study, fixed virus produced inclusion bodies without apparent virus assembly. Sequential electron microscopy revealed that the main sites of virus assembly were the membranes of the Golgi complex. In contrast, rabies-like viruses freshly isolated from wild rodents produced inclusion bodies all of which were associated with virus replication. Electron microscopic evidence has led us to classify these strains as street virus. Nonneural cell elements from cultivated ganglions were susceptible to fixed virus and the cultures yielded higher titers of infectivity as compared to those of rabies-like viruses. Virus budding was shown to occur at the cell surface as well as at intracytoplasmic membranes.
Organizational identity : a reader

Introduction SECTION I: THE ROOTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY IN SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1. Society and the Individual 2. The Self 3. The Arts of Impression Management 4. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict 5. Who is this 'We'? Levels of Colletive Identity and Self Representations SECTION II: EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY THEORY 6. Organizational Identity 7. Amto-Social Actions of Committed Organizational Participants: An Existential Psychoanalytic Perspective 8. Social Identity Theory and the Organization 9. Organization: From Substance to Image? 10. Keeping an Eye on the Mirror: Image and Identity in Organizational Adaptation 11. Organizational Impression Management as Reciprocal Influence Process: The Neglected Role of the Organizational Audience SECTION III: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY THEORY SECTION III.I: MULTIPLE IDENTITIES 12. Organizational Dress as a Symbol of Multilayered Social Identities 13. Breaches in the Boardroom: Organizational Identity and Conflicts of Commitment in a Nonprofit Organization SECTION III.II: STABILITY AND CHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY 14. Organizational Identity, Image, and Adaptive Instability 15. The Dynamics of Organizational Identity SECTION III.III: IDENTITY AS NARRATIVE AND DISCOURSE 16. Identity Regulation as Organizational Control Producing the Appropriate Individual 17. Narratives of Individual and Organizational Identities SECTION III.IV: AUDIENCES FOR IDENTITY 18. Members' Responses to Organizational Identity Threats: Encountering and Countering the Business Week Rankings 19. Organizational Identity: Linkages Between Internal and External Communication
Evidence for mobile phone radiation exposure effects on reproductive pattern of male rats: Role of ROS

The relationship between radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phone and infertility is a matter of continuing debate. It is postulated that these radiations may affect the reproduction pattern spell by targeting biochemistry of sperm. In an attempt to expedite the issue, 70 days old Wistar rats (n = 6) were exposed to mobile phone radiofrequency (RF) radiation for 2 h per day for 45 days and data compared with sham exposed (n = 6) group. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of testosterone and an increase in caspase-3 activity were found in the RF-exposed animals. Distortions in sperm head and mid piece of sperm mitochondrial sheath were also observed as captured by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). In addition, progeny from RF-exposed rats showed significant decreases in number and weight as compared with that of sham-exposed animals. A reduction in testosterone, an increase in caspase-3, and distortion in spermatozoa could be caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animals under mobile phone radiation exposure. Our findings on these biomarkers are clear indications of possible health implications of repeated exposure to mobile phone radiation.
Selection against Heteroplasmy Explains the Evolution of Uniparental Inheritance of Mitochondria

Why are mitochondria almost always inherited from one parent during sexual reproduction? Current explanations for this evolutionary mystery include conflict avoidance between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, clearing of deleterious mutations, and optimization of mitochondrial-nuclear coadaptation. Mathematical models, however, fail to show that uniparental inheritance can replace biparental inheritance under any existing hypothesis. Recent empirical evidence indicates that mixing two different but normal mitochondrial haplotypes within a cell (heteroplasmy) can cause cell and organism dysfunction. Using a mathematical model, we test if selection against heteroplasmy can lead to the evolution of uniparental inheritance. When we assume selection against heteroplasmy and mutations are neither advantageous nor deleterious (neutral mutations), uniparental inheritance replaces biparental inheritance for all tested parameter values. When heteroplasmy involves mutations that are advantageous or deleterious (non-neutral mutations), uniparental inheritance can still replace biparental inheritance. We show that uniparental inheritance can evolve with or without pre-existing mating types. Finally, we show that selection against heteroplasmy can explain why some organisms deviate from strict uniparental inheritance. Thus, we suggest that selection against heteroplasmy explains the evolution of uniparental inheritance.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF LABELED NOREPINEPHRINE WITHIN SYMPATHETIC NERVE TERMINALS STUDIED WITH ELECTRON MICROSCOPE RADIOAUTOGRAPHY

The distribution of radioactivity in association with sympathetic nerve terminals and intraneuronal organelles 30 min after the administration of tritiated norepinephrine (NE-3H) was studied by electron microscope radioautography with recently developed quantitative methods of analysis reported in the accompanying paper (Salpeter et al., 1969). Nerves from the pineal body and the adrenal capsule were examined. It was found that nerve terminals containing vesicles were heavily labeled. (These terminals were not necessarily in contact with some innervated structure.) There was no selective labeling of either the intraneuronal mitochondria or the relatively small population of large (∼1000 A) dense core granules. Small vesicles (∼500 A), some of which have a dense internal granule, could not be analysed separately because they are closely packed and occupy ∼60% of the volume in terminals. Because of the extensive distribution of these small granular and agranular vesicles in the radioactive terminals, they remain the most likely site for norepinephrine binding. Yet although the vesicles were uniformly distributed within the nerve terminals, it appears that the radioactivity was not. There appeared to be a somewhat higher concentration of radioactivity at the periphery of the nerve terminals than in the center. The usefulness of the method of analysis used in this study for determining the location of bound H3NE pools in the nerve is discussed.
On the Morphological Description of Tracheal and Esophageal Displacement and Its Phylogenetic Distribution in Avialae

This research examines the evolution and phylogenetic distribution of a peculiar and often overlooked character seen in birds, herein called tracheal and esophageal displacement. Tracheal and esophageal displacement refers to an asymmetrically situated trachea and/or esophagus along the length of the neck. This contrasts with what would be perceived as the “normal” (midsagittal) placement of these organs, wherein the two organs are situated along the ventral midline of the neck with no deviation. A total of forty-two bird species were examined (thirty-six of which came from dissections whereas six came from comments from previous literature or personal observations), as well as turtles, lizards, crocodylians, and mammals. This study found that essentially all birds have a laterally displaced trachea and/or esophagus. Lizards and mammals were seen to have normal, midsagittally placed tracheae and esophagi. Crocodylians were interesting in that alligators were defined by a normally situated trachea and esophagus whereas some crocodiles were characterized by displacement. In birds, the displacement may occur gradually along the neck, or it may happen immediately upon exiting the oropharynx. Displacement of these organs in birds is the result of a heavily modified neck wherein muscles that restrict mobility of the trachea and esophagus in lizards, alligators, and mammals (e.g., m. episternocleidomastoideus, m. omohyoideus, and m. sternohyoideus) no longer substantially restrict positions of the trachea and esophagus in birds. Rather, these muscles are modified in ways which may assist with making tracheal movements. The implications of this study may provide interesting insights for future comparisons in extinct taxa.
Neural Machine Translation between Herbal Prescriptions and Diseases

The current study applies deep learning to herbalism. Toward the goal, we acquired the de-identified health insurance reimbursements that were claimed in a 10-year period from 2004 to 2013 in the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan, the total number of reimbursement records equaling 340 millions. Two artificial intelligence techniques were applied to the dataset: residual convolutional neural network multitask classifier and attention-based recurrent neural network. The former works to translate from herbal prescriptions to diseases; and the latter from diseases to herbal prescriptions. Analysis of the classification results indicates that herbal prescriptions are specific to: anatomy, pathophysiology, sex and age of the patient, and season and year of the prescription. Further analysis identifies temperature and gross domestic product as the meteorological and socioeconomic factors that are associated with herbal prescriptions. Analysis of the neural machine transitional result indicates that the recurrent neural network learnt not only syntax but also semantics of diseases and herbal prescriptions.
In vivo model of intracranial stent implantation: a pilot study to examine the histological response of cerebral vessels after randomized implantation of heparin-coated and uncoated endoluminal stents in a blinded fashion.

OBJECT No animal model currently exists for the examination of time-dependent histological changes occurring in intracranial vessels after endoluminal stent placement. The authors' goal was to develop a reproducible in vivo model of stent implantation in intracranial vessels in dogs that was capable of demonstrating stent-related vascular changes after the implantation of coated and uncoated devices. METHODS The authors implanted heparin-coated or uncoated stents in the basilar arteries (BAs) of 11 mongrel dogs. In a 12th animal, one coated stent was implanted in the BA and a second uncoated one was implanted in the distalanterior spinal artery. All the devices were oversized to induce intimal injury. Surviving animals were observed for 12 weeks, after which they underwent repeated angiography before planned death and removal of the brain. Histological studies and computer-assisted morphometric analyses were conducted on stent-treated and untreated sections of the BAs to assess the percentage of stenosis, neointimal proliferation, vessel injury, and inflammation. Perforating vessels partially covered by stent struts ("jailing") were studied for evidence of stenosis or occlusion. The pathologist, interventionists, histopathologist, histopathology technicians, and radiologist were blinded to the stent type. Seven stents (three uncoated and four coated) were removed from the six animals that were observed during the follow-up period. The mean neointimal proliferation was 0.42 mm2 in the group treated with uncoated stents and 0.18 mm2 in the group treated with heparin-coated devices (p = 0.04). Neointimal thickness was significantly increased in the group with uncoated stents (p = 0.04). The mean percentage of occlusion was less (12%) in the group with heparin-coated stents, compared with 22% in the group with uncoated devices (p = 0.07). When comparing results between the heparin-coated and uncoated devices implanted in the five animals that received a single stent only, greater differences (indicating a benefit from heparin-coated stents) were observed in neointimal area (p = 0.009), neointima/media ratio (p = 0.001), neointimal thickness (p = 0.002), and percentage of occlusion (p = 0.009). All brainstem perforating vessels covered by stent struts remained patent. CONCLUSIONS This in vivo intracranial stent model was developed to assess proliferative and inflammatory responses to endoluminal stent implantation in the cerebrovasculature. The results indicate that a lower percentage of occlusion occurs 12 weeks after implantation of heparin-coated compared with uncoated stents.