Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEGREE OF CONVERSION, SOLUBILITY AND SALIVARY SORPTION OF A HYBRID AND A NANOFILLED RESIN COMPOSITE: INFLUENCE OF THE LIGHT-ACTIVATION MODE

This study analyzed the relationship between the degree of conversion (DC), solubility, and salivary sorption of a hybrid (Filtek P 60) and a nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Supreme), and evaluated the influence of the light-activation mode on these properties. Two light-activation modes were used: Conventional (C; 850 mW/cm2 for 20 s) and Soft-start (SS; 100-1,000 mW/cm2 for 10 s + 1,000 mW/cm2 for 10 s). The DC (%) was evaluated by FT-Raman spectroscopy. The solubility and salivary sorption were measured after immersion in artificial saliva for 7 days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls' test and linear regression analysis (α = 0.05). The DC varied from 50.52% (nanofilled composite) to 57.15% (hybrid composite), and was influenced by the light-activation mode: C > SS. The solubility (0.45 μg/mm3) and salivary sorption (8.04 μg/mm3) of the nanofilled composite were greater than those of the hybrid composite (0.40 μg/mm3/ 6.87 μg/mm3), and were influenced by the light-activation mode: SS > C. Correlation was found between DC and solubility (r = - 0.89, p<0.05), as well as between solubility and salivary sorption (r = 0.95). These findings suggest that nanofilled composites may present higher degradation in the oral environment than hybrid ones. Soft-start light-activation mode may increase the solubility of resin composites.
AB182. Efficient generation of haploid spermatids with Fertilization and development capacity from human spermatogonial stem cells of cryptorchid patients

Objective Generation of functional spermatids from azoospermia patients is of unusual significance for treating male infertility. Here we report an efficient approach to obtain human functional spermatids from cryptorchid patients. Design Comparative and controlled study. Materials and methods Study was performed from January 2012 to May 2013 using Testicular biopsies obtained from cryptorchid patients and obstructive azoospermia patients from 25 to 37 years old. Multiplex PCR was carried to exclude Y chromosome microdeletion and male germ cells were obtained fromcryptorchid testes. Retinoic acid (RA) and stem cell factor (SCF) were used to induce differentiation of male germ cells enriched in spermatogonial stem cells from cryptorchid testes. Results Spermatogonia remained whereas meiotic germ cells were rarein cryptorchid patients. Expression of numerous markers for meiotic and post-meiotic male germ cells was enhanced in human sermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of cryptorchidism patients by RA and SCF treatment. Meiotic spreads and DNA content assays revealed that RA and SCF induced an obvious increase of SCP3-, MLH1- and CREST-positive cells and haploid cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reflected distinct global gene profiles in the embryos derived from round spermatids and nucleus of somatic cells. Significantly, haploid spermatids generated from human SSCs of cryptorchid patients possessed fertilization and development capacity. Conclusions This study thus provides an invaluable source of autologous male gametes for treating male infertility of azoospermia patients. Support This study was supported by key grants from National Nature Science Foundation of China (31230048) and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2013CB947901, 2010CB945200, 2014CB943101), grants from National Science Foundation of China (31201109 & 31171422), The Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, Shanghai Pujiang Program (11PJ1406400), and a key grant from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (12JC1405900).
Hpy188I–DNA pre- and post-cleavage complexes—snapshots of the GIY-YIG nuclease mediated catalysis

The GIY-YIG nuclease domain is present in all kingdoms of life and has diverse functions. It is found in the eukaryotic flap endonuclease and Holliday junction resolvase Slx1–Slx4, the prokaryotic nucleotide excision repair proteins UvrC and Cho, and in proteins of ‘selfish’ genetic elements. Here we present the structures of the ternary pre- and post-cleavage complexes of the type II GIY-YIG restriction endonuclease Hpy188I with DNA and a surrogate or catalytic metal ion, respectively. Our structures suggest that GIY-YIG nucleases catalyze DNA hydrolysis by a single substitution reaction. They are consistent with a previous proposal that a tyrosine residue (which we expect to occur in its phenolate form) acts as a general base for the attacking water molecule. In contrast to the earlier proposal, our data identify the general base with the GIY and not the YIG tyrosine. A conserved glutamate residue (Glu149 provided in trans in Hpy188I) anchors a single metal cation in the active site. This metal ion contacts the phosphate proS oxygen atom and the leaving group 3′-oxygen atom, presumably to facilitate its departure. Taken together, our data reveal striking analogy in the absence of homology between GIY-YIG and ββα-Me nucleases.
Using the internet to assist smoking prevention and cessation in schools: a randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a classroom-based, Web-assisted tobacco intervention addressing smoking prevention and cessation with adolescents. DESIGN A two-group randomized control trial with 1,402 male and female students in grades 9 through 11 from 14 secondary schools in Toronto, Canada. Participants were randomly assigned to a tailored Web-assisted tobacco intervention or an interactive control condition task conducted during a single classroom session with e-mail follow-up. The cornerstone of the intervention was a five-stage interactive Web site called the Smoking Zine (http://www.smokingzine.org) integrated into a program that included a paper-based journal, a small group form of motivational interviewing, and tailored e-mails. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Resistance to smoking, behavioral intentions to smoke, and cigarette use were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and three- and six-month follow-up. Multilevel logistic growth modeling was used to assess the effect of the intervention on change over time. RESULTS The integrated Smoking Zine program helped smokers significantly reduce the likelihood of having high intentions to smoke and increased their likelihood of high resistance to continued cigarette use at 6 months. The intervention also significantly reduced the likelihood of heavy cigarette use adoption by nonsmokers during the study period. CONCLUSION The Smoking Zine intervention provided cessation motivation for smokers most resistant to quitting at baseline and prevented nonsmoking adolescents from becoming heavy smokers at 6 months. By providing an accessible and attractive method of engaging young people in smoking prevention and cessation, this interactive and integrated program provides a novel vehicle for school- and population-level health promotion.
Investigating differences in the writing performance of international and Generation 1.5 students

Practitioners working closely with second language (L2) writers in the US recognize at least two types of L2 students: international (IL2) and Generation 1.5 (G1.5) students. Some argue that specific differences in each group’s writing performance are evident (cf. Harklau, 2003; Reid, 2006); however, investigations into observable and measurable differences have been minimal. Using a Rasch measurement model, this study offers empiri cal evidence of how these students may differ in their writing performance, specifically with regard to grammatical, rhetorical, cohesive, sociolinguistic, and content c ontrol, in addition to essay length. Two separate statistical analyses were conducted: the first examined differences between IL2 and G1.5 students when modeled together as a single group; the second looked at how the groups compared when modeled separately. Results from the whole-group analysis showed the two groups differed only with regard to rhetorical control; the separate-group analysis revealed differen.
Competitive advantage: logical and philosophical considerations

Strategic management theories invoke the concept of competitive advantage to explain firm performance, and empirical research investigates competitive advantage and describes how it operates. But as a performance hypothesis, competitive advantage has received surprisingly little formal justification, particularly in light of its centrality in strategy research and practice. As it happens, the core hypothesis - that competitive advantage produces sustained superior performance - finds little support in formal deductive or inductive inference, and the leading theories of competitive advantage incorporate refutation barriers that preclude meaningful empirical tests. The logical and philosophical foundations of the competitive advantage hypothesis are explored, locating its philosophical foundations in the epistemologies of Bayesian induction, abductive inference and an instrumentalist, pragmatic philosophy of science.
Attitudes Toward Animals Among Norwegian Adolescents

ABSTRACTAttitudes towards a wide range of animals were measured among a sample of 562 children and adolescents, aged between 9 and 15 years, from one urban and two rural areas in Southern Norway. The respondents completed a questionnaire based on Kellert's (1996) attitude typology toward animals. The results showed that the humanistic attitude type ranked first, followed by the moralistic, ecologistic, naturalistic, negativistic, dominionistic, and utilitarian attitude types. Gender differences appeared on the moralistic and negativistic (girls highest), and the naturalistic, dominionistic, and utilitarian (boys highest) sub-scales. Scores on the ecologistic, naturalistic, and dominionistic sub-scales decreased with increasing age. Urban respondents had higher moralistic, and rural respondents had higher dominionistic sub-scale scores. Respondents who owned a pet had higher humanistic, moralistic, and lower utilitarian sub-scale scores than had non-owners.
Relationship of Health Status, Functional Status, and Psychosocial Status to Driving Among Elderly with Disabilities

SUMMARY Objective. To examine the relationship between driving status and demographics, health status, functional status, and mental and psychosocial status. Methods. The Consumer Assessment Study Interview Battery (CAS-IB), administered to 697 community dwelling men and women aged 60 to 106, included instruments to measure health, functional status, and mental and psychosocial status. These variables were compared for three groups based on driving status: those still driving, those who had ceased driving, and those who had never driven. Results. Differences among the three groups were found for age, race, gender, income, education level, home ownership, and living situation. Differences among the three groups were found for many measures of health status and all measures of functional, mental, and psychosocial status. Conclusions. Declines in health, functional ability, and cognition are associated with driving cessation. Availability of alternative forms of transportation, whether supplied by the community, friends, or family, may mitigate additional declines in health, function, and psychosocial status.
Paying for Likes?: Understanding Facebook Like Fraud Using Honeypots

Facebook pages offer an easy way to reach out to a very large audience as they can easily be promoted using Facebook's advertising platform. Recently, the number of likes of a Facebook page has become a measure of its popularity and profitability, and an underground market of services boosting page likes, aka like farms, has emerged. Some reports have suggested that like farms use a network of profiles that also like other pages to elude fraud protection algorithms, however, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no systematic analysis of Facebook pages' promotion methods. This paper presents a comparative measurement study of page likes garnered via Facebook ads and by a few like farms. We deploy a set of honeypot pages, promote them using both methods, and analyze garnered likes based on likers' demographic, temporal, and social characteristics. We highlight a few interesting findings, including that some farms seem to be operated by bots and do not really try to hide the nature of their operations, while others follow a stealthier approach, mimicking regular users' behavior.
Exploring training adherence in elite school-age athletes

This study extends athlete training adherence research by focusing on motivation and social support in athletes who successfully attend strength and conditioning sessions. Six male elite school-age athletes with high training attendance participated in semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences of strength and conditioning training. Their parents and two of their coaches also participated in interviews, and analysis was conducted using abbreviated grounded theory methodology. Facilitating factors relating to athletes themselves include motivation, enjoyment, a mastery-approach orientation, comprehension, thoughts and actions, determination and observable results. Support from parents, coaches and other athletes was also found to be important facilitators, along with routine. Athletes should be supported to move towards autonomous motivation to enhance their adherence to training. Additional recommendations for athletes, coaches and sporting organisations are given.
The Logic and Limits of Trust

Inevitably, reading is one of the requirements to be undergone. To improve the performance and quality, someone needs to have something new every day. It will suggest you to have more inspirations, then. However, the needs of inspirations will make you searching for some sources. Even from the other people experience, internet, and many books. Books and internet are the recommended media to help you improving your quality and performance.
Marital Happiness, Divorce Status and Partner Differences in Attributions About Communication Behavior

According lo the egocentric attribution in marriage. spouses take more responsibility for marital behaviors (giving compliments, ignoring the partner) than they give to their partners. On the other hand, evidence has also been found for a partner-centric attribution for positive behaviors in which individuals underestimate their own contributions. These attributions are examined as a function of communication behaviors discriminating: between four marital groups based on three levels of marital happiness (low, medium, high) and a divorced group. Partner differences were also examined. The analysis revealed effects for marital group and partner on the direction of communication attributions. For example, the divorced individuals ascribed more responsibility for dominance to their partners than moderate and low quality couples. There were gender differences in which the husbands made a partner-centric attribution in reporting that their wives were more likely to express feelings while the wives made an egoc.
Sonographic investigation of reticular contractions in healthy sheep, cows and goats and in cows with traumatic reticulo-peritonitis.

The objective of the study was (a) to compare sonographically the sequence of reticular contractions between grass and roughage eaters (cows, sheep) and intermediate feeders (goats) and (b) to check whether sonography may be useful for the investigation of cattle with a history of traumatic reticulo-peritonitis (TRP). All animals were investigated from the left ventral Regio parachondriaca with a 2.5 MHz sector scanner. Reticular contractions were recorded on video and evaluated later on. Duration of the contractions was found to be surprisingly uniform between individuals of the investigated species. However, in cattle and sheep the reticular floor moves over longer distances during both contractions in cranio-dorsal direction compared to goats, i.e. the velocity with which the reticulum contracts was markedly higher in sheep (5.3 +/- 1.4 cm* s-1) and cows (4.4 +/- 2.0) than in goats (2.1 +/- 0.9). Thus, in sheep and cattle feed particles are transported with a higher force in caudo-dorsal direction resulting in a longer retention time of particles in the reticulorumen than in goats. Sonographic investigation of eight cows with clinical symptoms of acute TRP indicated that sonography is a valuable method for the diagnosis of TRP. Implications of sonographic signs for the clinical course in such patients are discussed.
Modeling Student Motivation and Students’ Ability Estimates From a Large-Scale Assessment of Mathematics

When large-scale assessments (LSA) do not hold personal stakes for students, students may not put forth their best effort. Low-effort examinee behaviors (e.g., guessing, omitting items) result in an underestimate of examinee abilities, which is a concern when using results of LSA to inform educational policy and planning. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between examinee motivation as defined by expectancy-value theory, student effort, and examinee mathematics abilities. A principal components analysis was used to examine the data from Grade 9 students (n = 43,562) who responded to a self-report questionnaire on their attitudes and practices related to mathematics. The results suggested a two-component model where the components were interpreted as task-values in mathematics and student effort. Next, a hierarchical linear model was implemented to examine the relationship between examinee component scores and their estimated ability on a LSA. The results of this study provide evidence that motivation, as defined by the expectancy-value theory and student effort, partially explains student ability estimates and may have implications in the information that get transferred to testing organizations, school boards, and teachers while assessing students’ Grade 9 mathematics learning.
Who responds how and when to anger? The assessment of actual anger response styles and their relation to personality

Actual anger response styles during anger encounters may well diverge from self-reported habitual anger response styles, such as anger - in, anger - out, or anger control. Also, the relationship of actual anger response styles to broad personality traits is not well known. We obtained anger self - reports, physiological reactivity (diastolic blood pressure, skin temperature at the forehead, and EMG extensor digitorum), and ratings of facial anger expression, and defined actual anger response style dimensions of “intensity”, “suppression”, “repression”, and “denial” as particular patterns of discrepancies among these responses. A total of 80 female subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment (Tr) and a control (Co) group. Anger was induced through real - life provocations. Compared to Co, Tr subjects showed larger physiological responses and reported more anger. Habitual anger response styles did not predict actual styles, whereas extraversion and neuroticism did. Control subjects scoring low on extraversion or high on neuroticism reacted with high denial, that is, with stronger physiological and behavioural than experiential anger, whereas the opposite pattern of low denial was found for treatment subjects low on extraversion or high on neuroticism. These results suggest that both the particular situation and broad but not narrow personality traits exert an influence on actual anger response styles.
Student retention in distance education: are we failing our students?

This paper brings together some data on student retention in distance education in the form of graduation rates at a sample of distance institutions. The paper suggests that there is a ‘distance education deficit’ with many distance institutions having less than one-quarter of the graduation rates of conventional institutions. It looks in some detail at the data for one well-known institution – the UK Open University – and surveys some of the reasons why such a deficit should occur and asks what the effects are on students, institutions and society as a whole. The paper suggests that one reason for the deficit is the ‘category error’ of confusing teaching with learning, and that institutions have focused too much on the provision of teaching materials, especially online, and too little on motivating students to learn. It maintains that there is accumulating evidence for the essentiality of proactive contact for overcoming dropout and the importance of making that contact motivational. The paper claims that such an approach is financially viable and can make surpluses for the institutions concerned if carefully designed. Finally, whilst briefly surveying some of the new developments in distance education in the form of Massive Online Open Courses, learning analytics, and the use of smartphones, this paper suggests more speculatively that rather than resources or organisation, the main barriers to increasing student success in distance education are institutional attitudes to student retention.
Efficient Routing for Peer-to-Peer Overlays

Most current peer-to-peer lookup schemes keep a small amount of routing state per node, typically logarithmic in the number of overlay nodes. This design assumes that routing information at each member node must be kept small, so that the bookkeeping required to respond to system membership changes is also small, given that aggressive membership dynamics are expected. As a consequence, lookups have high latency as each lookup requires contacting several nodes in sequence. In this paper, we question these assumptions by presenting two peer-to-peer routing algorithms with small lookup paths. First, we present a one-hop routing scheme. We show how to disseminate information about membership changes quickly enough so that nodes maintain accurate routing tables with complete membership information. We also deduce analytic bandwidth requirements for our scheme that demonstrate its feasibility. We also propose a two-hop routing scheme for large scale systems of more than a few million nodes, where the bandwidth requirements of one-hop routing can become too large. This scheme keeps a fixed fraction of the total routing state on each node, chosen such that the first hop has low latency, and thus the additional delay is small. We validate our analytic model using simulation results that show that our algorithms can maintain routing information sufficiently up-to-date such that a large fraction (e.g., 99%) of the queries will succeed without being re-routed.
OF ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION SYSTEMS : MGA

The beef cattle industry has seen rapid gains in economically desirable traits largely due to the selection and expanded use of genetically proven, superior sires made available through artificial insemination (AI). Recent surveys indicate, however less than 5% of the beef cows in the United States are bred by AI, and only half of the cattle producers who practice AI use any form of estrus synchronization to facilitate their AI programs. The inability to predict time of estrus for individual cows or heifers in a group often makes it impractical to use AI because of the labor required for detection of estrus. Available procedures to control the estrous cycle of the cow can improve reproductive rates and speed up genetic progress. These procedures include synchronization of estrus in cycling females, and induction of estrus accompanied by ovulation in heifers that have not yet reached puberty or among cows that have not returned to estrus after calving.