Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing: Friend or foe

A joint between a fluid line fitting and a base plate for a valve. The fitting is press fitted into a bore in the base plate and has a flange at its inner end that engages an inner face of the base plate and a gasket that is interposed between the base plate and the body of the valve. The flange prevents pull out of the nipple from the base plate and also seals against the gasket thereby sealing of the press fit connection between the fitting and base plate is obviated.
Clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of split‐hand/foot malformation: An update

We here provide an update on the clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of split‐hand/foot malformation (SHFM). This rare condition, affecting 1 in 8,500–25,000 newborns, is extremely complex because of its variability in clinical presentation, irregularities in its inheritance pattern, and the heterogeneity of molecular genetic alterations that can be found in affected individuals. Both syndromal and nonsyndromal forms are reviewed and the major molecular genetic alterations thus far reported in association with SHFM are discussed. This updated overview should be helpful for clinicians in their efforts to make an appropriate clinical and genetic diagnosis, provide an accurate recurrence risk assessment, and formulate a management plan. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlating Gray Matter Volume with Individual Difference in the Flanker Interference Effect

The Eriksen Flanker task has been widely used as a measurement of cognitive control, however till now information is still scarce about how the neuroanatomical properties are related to performance in this task. Using voxel-based morphometry technique (VBM), the current study identified a set of distributed areas where the gray matter volume (GM) correlated positively with participants’ efficiency in interference inhibition. These areas included the bilateral prefrontal gyri, left insula and inferior temporal gyrus, the left inferior parietal lobule. Further analysis using a novel machine learning algorithm with balanced cross-validation procedure confirmed that in these areas the GM-behavioral association was unlikely a byproduct of outlier values, instead, the gray matter volume could predict reliably participants’ interference inhibition efficiency. These results underscore the importance of the fronto-parietal and insula systems to the brain functioning of interference inhibition from the neuroanatomical perspective.
Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and factors affecting HRQoL among individuals with health insurance in Iran

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to evaluate the factors affecting HRQoL in individuals with health insurance in Tehran, Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using the 3-level EuroQol 5-dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire. In order to estimate the determinants of HRQoL, information about participants’ demographic, socioeconomic, and health status was gathered. The cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from May to June, 2016. The chi-square test and weighted least squares method were employed for data analysis. Data were analyzed using Stata version 11.0. RESULTS A total of 600 Iranians with insurance completed the study, of whom 327 (54.5%) were male and 273 (45.5%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 41.48 years (standard deviation [SD], 14.60 years). Meanwhile, the mean duration of education was 12.36 years (SD, 4.68 years). The mean EQ-5D score was 0.74 (SD, 0.16). The most common health problems in the participants were anxiety/depression (42.3%), followed by pain/discomfort (39.2%). Sex, age, years of schooling, income, chronic disease, and body mass index had a significant effect on HRQoL (p<0.05). Healthy insured individuals, on average, had a HRQoL score 0.119 higher than that of people with a chronic disease, all else being equal (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among all determinants of HRQoL, chronic disease was found to be the highest priority for interventions to improve the health status of Iranians with insurance. This finding can help policymakers and health insurance organizations improve their planning to promote the HRQoL of individuals with insurance and society as a whole in Iran.
Symmetric region growing

The goal of image segmentation is to partition a digital image into disjoint regions of interest. Of the many proposed image segmentation methods, region growing has been one of the most popular. Research on region growing, however, has focused primarily on the design of feature measures and on growing and merging criteria. Most of these methods have an inherent dependence on the order in which the points and regions are examined. This weakness implies that a desired segmented result is sensitive to the selection of the initial growing points. We define a set of theoretical criteria for a subclass of region-growing algorithms that are insensitive to the selection of the initial growing points. This class of algorithms, referred to as symmetric region growing (SymRG), leads to a single-pass region-growing approach applicable to any dimensionality of images. Furthermore, they lead to region-growing algorithms that are both memory- and computation-efficient. Finally, by-products of this general paradigm are algorithms for fast connected-component labeling and cavity deletion. The paper gives theoretical results and 3-D image examples.
Estimation of amplitude modifications before SCS watermark detection

New blind digital watermarking schemes that are optimized for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) attacks have been developed by several research groups within the last two years. Currently, the most efficient schemes, e.g., the scalar Costa scheme (SCS), involve scalar quantization of the host signal during watermarking embedding and watermark reception. Reliable watermark reception for these schemes is vulnerable to amplitude modification of the attacked host signal. In this paper, a method for the estimation of possible amplitude modifications before SCS watermark detection is proposed. The estimation is based on a securely embedded SCS pilot watermark. We focus on linear amplitude modifications, but investigate also the extension to nonlinear amplitude modifications. Further, the superiority of our proposal over an estimation method based on a spread-spectrum pilot watermark is demonstrated.
Characteristics and Determinants of the Sublingual Microcirculation in Populations of Different Ethnicity

No previous population study assessed sublingual capillary density (CD) or perfused boundary region (PBR). Lower PBR indicates greater glycocalyx width. In 252 Han and 220 She Chinese and 254 Flemish people (mean age, 51.1 years; 54.7% women), representing random population samples, we measured total and perfused CD and PBR in the sublingual capillary bed, using oblique profiled epi-illumination, and cardiovascular risk factors. In multivariable analyses, we modeled ethnicity as random effect. Significance level was &agr;⩽0.05. Compared with Chinese, Flemish had lower total (577 versus 546 n°/mm2) and perfused (338 versus 320 n°/mm2) CD, but similar perfused-to-total CD ratio (mean, 0.59). Perfused-to-total CD ratio increased with age (effect size per 1–SD increase, +0.015 per year), body mass index (+0.008 per kg/m2), total cholesterol (+0.012 per mmol/L), and Framingham risk score (+0.018 per point) with no ethnic differences in these associations. For age and Framingham risk score, associations with perfused-to-total CD ratio were driven by positive relationships with perfused CD, whereas associations with total CD were nonsignificant. Chinese when compared with Flemish had higher hematocrit (43.0 versus 41.1%), PBR (2010 versus 1876 nm), and pulse rate (72.6 versus 63.3 bpm). PBR standardized for hematocrit, perfused CD, and pulse rate decreased with body mass index (–26.7 nm/kg/m2), mean arterial pressure (–30.6 nm/mm Hg), and diastolic pressure (–28.5 nm/mm Hg) with no ethnic differences in these associations. In conclusion, a higher cardiovascular risk profile is associated with functional recruitment of capillaries with preserved glycocalyx that protects the endothelial lining.
Spatial interpolation using conditional generative adversarial neural networks

ABSTRACT Spatial interpolation is a traditional geostatistical operation that aims at predicting the attribute values of unobserved locations given a sample of data defined on point supports. However, the continuity and heterogeneity underlying spatial data are too complex to be approximated by classic statistical models. Deep learning models, especially the idea of conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs), provide us with a perspective for formalizing spatial interpolation as a conditional generative task. In this article, we design a novel deep learning architecture named conditional encoder-decoder generative adversarial neural networks (CEDGANs) for spatial interpolation, therein combining the encoder-decoder structure with adversarial learning to capture deep representations of sampled spatial data and their interactions with local structural patterns. A case study on elevations in China demonstrates the ability of our model to achieve outstanding interpolation results compared to benchmark methods. Further experiments uncover the learned spatial knowledge in the model’s hidden layers and test the potential to generalize our adversarial interpolation idea across domains. This work is an endeavor to investigate deep spatial knowledge using artificial intelligence. The proposed model can benefit practical scenarios and enlighten future research in various geographical applications related to spatial prediction.
PENINGKATKAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN KANKER DENGAN IMPLEMENTASI PERAWATAN KESEHATAN PSIKOSEKSUAL

Introduction : The contribution of nurses in improving the quality of life of patients with cancer has caused them to have needs of getting knowledge and skills to provide services on psychosexual health care. Training on psychosexual health care has been developed, implemented and given to oncology nurses in Indonesia in order to fulfill the needs so that the nurses are able to provide psychosexual health care to cancer survivors and their spouse. Method : The training utilized a method of pre- and post-test evaluation to identify outcomes including changes of evaluation scores of knowledge, belief, practice , and self-efficacy of trainees before and after receiving psychosexual health care training. Result : The training has been implemented on 46 oncology nurses in Indonesia so that they can have knowledge, practice , belief and self-efficacy in providing psychosexual health care to patients with cancer and their spouse. After training and mentorship had been provided, there were significant changes on knowledge, belief and self-efficacy in providing psychosexual health care services to patients with cancer and their spouse; however, there were no significant changes on practices. Discussion : The training has become a standard nursing care for cancer in Indonesia and has provided scientific evidences that nurses have contribution in improving quality of life of patients with cancer by providing a comprehensive nursing care through implementation of psychosexual health care in their daily nursing care for patients with cancer and their spouse. Keywords: Psychosexual health care, training, nursing, cancer
Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review

The current article reviews the own-race bias (ORB) phenomenon in memory for human faces, the finding that own-race faces are better remembered when compared with memory for faces of another, less familiar race. Data were analyzed from 39 research articles, involving 91 independent samples and nearly 5,000 participants. Measures of hit and false alarm rates, and aggregate measures of discriminatio n accuracy and response criterion were examined, including an analysis of 8 study moderators. Several theoretical relationships were also assessed (i.e., the influence of racial attitudes and interracial contact). Overall, results indicated a "mirror effect" pattern in which own-race faces yielded a higher proportion of hits and a lower proportion of false alarms compared with other-race faces. Consistent with this effect, a significant ORB was also found in aggregate measures of discriminatio n accuracy and response criterion. The influence of perceptual learning and differentiation processes in the ORB are discussed, in addition to the practical implications of this phenomenon. She based her identification on Smith's eyes, which she said were greenish-blue and upon his hands which she said were "light and slender" like the holdup man's. Mrs. McCormick testified that Smith's eyes were "different from most colored people . bright and piercing. " Smith's defense attorneys then attempted to parry the state's first thrust in the trial. Mrs. McCormick was handed a picture of a man she couldn't identify. It was a picture of David Charles, with shorter hair, taken while he was in Vietnam. Assistant defense attorney Kitchen asked Mrs. McCormick if she had ever made the statement that all Black people look alike. "Yes, I made that statement," Mrs. McCormick said, "and they do to a certain extent, but there's a difference here" (Lickson, 1974, p. 66). In 1971, five Black men, who became known as the "Quincy Five," were wrongfully indicted for the murder of Khomas Revels during a robbery in Tallahassee, Florida. Although no forensic evidence obtained from the crime scene was ever linked to the men, five White eyewitnesses positively identified them as among the perpetrators. In each of three trials the state argued, "What better evidence can there be than, 'I saw him,' from unprejudiced witnesses? This has been used since time immemorial. This is proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Five eyewitnesses! " (Lickson, 1974, p. 87). Despite the lack of physical evidence against these men, two of the defendants, Dave Roby Keaton and Johnny Frederick, were found guilty on the basis of eyewitness testimony and coerced confessions obtained by investigators . During the third trial involving David
Ranging Energy Optimization for a TDOA-Based Distributed Robust Sensor Positioning System

The author proposes a distributed localization scheme for an asynchronous wireless sensor network (WSN) consisting of at least two beacons as well as some anchors, each collaborating with the beacons to help the sensors within the corresponding service area for self-localization. Most interestingly, each sensor does not need to emit either ranging or communication signals to neighbor sensors in the proposed scheme. Instead, each sensor only needs to estimate the time-of-arrivals (TOAs) of incoming ranging signals from the beacons and the anchors, and then the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) between the signal propagating from each beacon to the sensor and the one from that beacon to the sensor via an associated anchor is produced and converted to a range difference measurement at the sensor for self-localization. Assuming the location estimator adopted achieves the associated Cramér-Rao bounds (CRB), the localization performance at each sensor is derived and analyzed. When the system features robust sensor positioning (RSP) in that a prescribed accuracy requirement is fulfilled in all service areas of the anchors, the author considers ranging energy optimization problems related to the beacons and the anchors, and presents practical algorithms to solve them. The effectiveness of those algorithms is illustrated by numerical experiments.
Incidence of seizures in patients with multiple sclerosis: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with occurrence of seizure activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records of all incidence patients with MS in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1935 to 1991 were reviewed. The incidence of seizures was calculated by using 3 methods: including only seizures that occurred after definite diagnosis of MS, including all seizures occurring after onset of the first symptoms of MS, and including any seizures regardless of the time of onset relative to MS. These incidences were age-adjusted to the 1970 US population and then compared with the age-adjusted incidence rate of seizures in the general population of Olmsted County. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence of seizures among MS patients was not significantly higher than the age-adjusted incidence of seizures in the general population of Olmsted County. The age-adjusted incidence of first unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minn, was 61 per 100,000 person-years. In patients with the definite diagnosis of MS, the age-adjusted Incidence was calculated at 61 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 7-114). In the group with seizures after onset of symptoms, the age-adjusted incidence rate was 80 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 24-135). In the group with seizures at any time in their life, the age-adjusted incidence rate was 82 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 41-158). CONCLUSION The present study does not suggest that occurrence of seizures is more common in MS patients than in the general population.
Directionality in the evolution of influenza A haemagglutinin

The evolution of haemagglutinin (HA), an important influenza virus antigen, has been the subject of intensive research for more than two decades. Many characteristics of HA's sequence evolution are captured by standard Markov chain substitution models. Such models assign equal fitness to all accessible amino acids at a site. We show, however, that such models strongly underestimate the number of homoplastic amino acid substitutions during the course of HA's evolution, i.e. substitutions that repeatedly give rise to the same amino acid at a site. We develop statistics to detect individual homoplastic events and find that they preferentially occur at positively selected epitopic sites. Our results suggest that the evolution of the influenza A HA, including evolution by positive selection, is strongly affected by the long-term site-specific preferences for individual amino acids.
Morphometrische Untersuchungen an der Lunge in einem Weißbüschelaffen-Modell für humanes Asthma

The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of allergic asthma, especially with regard to chronicity, are still unclear. As in other areas, animal models have proven to be useful in generating and verifying hypotheses on pathophysiological aspects of human disease. Because of small body size, easy handling, good availability and consistent characteristics of lung architecture, common marmosets are suitable translational animal models for human respiratory diseases. In order to induce asthma-like changes in the common marmoset after successful sensitization, periodic allergen exposure of the animals is necessary. In the present study, morphometric studies were performed on the right caudal lung lobe of common marmosets to assess the effects of different asthma protocols (short-term and long-term) and of therapeutic intervention with a glucocorticoid (budesonide). Due to the fact that non-ciliated epithelial cells and respiratory mast cell populations play an important role in allergic asthma, the focus of this study was on CCSP and mucin-secreting cells as well as on tryptase and tryptase-chymase-positive mast cells in the intrapulmonary respiratory tracts of the common marmoset. The different cell types were identified and quantified stereologically with the STEPanizer® by using the following immunohistochemical and histochemical staining methods: anti-muc5AC and muc5B-antibodies, anti-CCSP-antibody, anti-mast cell tryptase-antibody, and naphthol AS-D chloracetate-specific esterase stain. In addition, specific stains for mast cells were also applied to cytospots of BALF, and CCSP levels in BALF supernatants were measured by using an ELISA. It could be demonstrated that repeated HDM challenges of sensitized common marmosets resulted in a decrease of CCSP expression in lung tissue and in BALF, which is consistent with findings in human asthma patients. Therefore, CCSP expression might serve as histological marker for an asthmatic phenotype in marmosets. Goblet cell hyperplasia, a hallmark of human extrinsic asthma, could not be observed in common marmosets. Therefore, a characteristic asthmatic phenotype is missing in marmosets, which underwent subacute and chronic HDM challenge. Changes in the abundance of different airway mast cell populations do not occur in common marmosets with the applied asthma protocols. However, very heterogeneous results are documented for the mast cell abundances in human asthmatics. Thus, the common marmoset is a limited suitable model for pathogenesis studies for human asthma. Its use is particularly conceivable for functional investigations on the role of CCSP secreting non-ciliated cells of the conducting airways.
Emotional exhaustion in cancer clinicians: A mixed methods exploration

Abstract Objectives: The aim of the current study was to explore the associations of emotional exhaustion in oncology clinicians and perceptions of doctors about their work–life balance in a developing country. Methods: The current study used quantitative semi-structured interviews and qualitative in-depth interviews to explore emotional exhaustion and burnout in doctors in a tertiary care cancer center. Sociodemographic details, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Patient Health Questionnaire were used for the quantitative analysis. Results: Increased work pressure (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 5.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–14.47, P < 0.01), reduced job-related satisfaction (AOR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.37–9.25, P < 0.01), being a woman (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.2–9.5, P < 0.01), and having higher anxiety and depression scores (AOR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.11–7.46, P = 0.03) were independently associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion. In the qualitative interviews, many doctors felt working in oncology a satisfying as well as stressful experience. Dealing with palliative and end-of-life situations and counseling patients and their family members about various treatment options contributed to the stress. Male and female clinicians viewed work–life balance differently. Female doctors charted a larger area of influence for which they felt responsible in work and life. Conclusion: Increased work pressure, reduced job satisfaction, and increased affective symptoms contribute to emotional exhaustion in oncology clinicians, and the risk increases especially in female doctors. Having gender-sensitive and employee-friendly policies will likely help in having a nurturing work environment.