Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of prior multiple-sprint exercise on pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics following the onset of perimaximal exercise.

We hypothesized that the metabolic acidosis resulting from the performance of multiple-sprint exercise would enhance muscle perfusion and result in a speeding of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2)kinetics during subsequent perimaximal-intensity constant work rate exercise, if O2 availability represented a limitation to VO2 kinetics in the control (i.e., no prior exercise) condition. On two occasions, seven healthy subjects completed two bouts of exhaustive cycle exercise at a work rate corresponding to approximately 105% of the predetermined Vo2 peak, separated by 3 x 30-s maximal sprint cycling and 15-min recovery (MAX1 and MAX2). Blood lactate concentration (means +/- SD: MAX1: 1.3 +/- 0.4 mM vs. MAX2: 7.7 +/- 0.9 mM; P < 0.01) was significantly greater immediately before, and heart rate was significantly greater both before and during, perimaximal exercise when it was preceded by multiple-sprint exercise. Near-infrared spectroscopy also indicated that muscle blood volume and oxygenation were enhanced when perimaximal exercise was preceded by multiple-sprint exercise. However, the time constant describing the primary component (i.e., phase II) increase in VO2 was not significantly different between the two conditions (MAX1: 33.8 +/- 5.5 s vs. MAX2: 33.2 +/- 7.7 s). Rather, the asymptotic "gain" of the primary Vo2 response was significantly increased by the performance of prior sprint exercise (MAX1: 8.1 +/- 0.9 ml.min(-1). W(-1) vs. MAX2: 9.0 +/- 0.7 ml.min(-1). W(-1); P < 0.05), such that VO2 was projecting to a higher "steady-state" amplitude with the same time constant. These data suggest that priming exercise, which apparently increases muscle O2 availability, does not influence the time constant of the primary-component VO2 response but does increase the amplitude to which VO2 may rise following the onset of perimaximal-intensity cycle exercise.
Newsvendor Selling to Loss-Averse Consumers with Stochastic Reference Points

We study a newsvendor who sells a perishable asset over repeated periods to consumers with a given consumption valuation for the product. The market size in each period is random, following a stationary distribution. Consumers are loss averse with stochastic reference points that represent their beliefs about possible price and product availability. Given the distribution of reference points, they choose purchase plans to maximize their expected total utility, including gain-loss utility, before visiting the store, and follow the plans in the store. In anticipation of consumers' purchase plans, in each period, before demand uncertainty resolves, the firm chooses an initial order quantity. After the uncertainty resolves, the firm chooses a contingent price depending on the demand realization, with the option of clearing inventory by charging a sale price, and otherwise, posting a full price. Over repeated periods, the interaction of the firm’s operational decisions about ordering and contingent pricing and.
Diversity and family: an inquiry into the effects of ethnic, linguistic, and religious fractionalization on family values

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the connection between three forms of diversity – religious, ethnic, and linguistic – and family values. The article builds on the idea that diversity challenges social identity and people react by returning to traditional family values in order to protect their social identity and the in-group culture. The paper aims at contributing to the sociological debate about the effect of diversity on social life and investigates how different types of diversity connect with traditional family values because individuals want to protect their in-group culture that is mainly transmitted within family. The paper tests the research hypotheses employing multilevel regression models and using data from the ISSP IV from 2012. Religious diversity associates with traditional attitudes regarding marriage and gender roles, ethnic diversity goes together with lower support for marriage, but has no connection with attitudes towards gender role, while linguistic diversity is not associated with attitudes family values.
Private Network EDI vs. Internet Electronic Markets: A Direct Comparison of Fulfillment Performance

Prior literature has documented the performance benefits from the use of electronic data interchange (EDI) and the Internet. Using purchase and fulfillment records from the U.S. government's Federal Supply Service, we provide a direct comparison of performance between a private network EDI channel and an Internet electronic market. Performance is measured using order cycle time and complete orders fulfilled. Our findings show that the Internet-based electronic market outperforms the EDI-based channel on these two important measures. Order cycle times were significantly lower when using the Internet-based electronic market, whereas the percentage of complete shipments was significantly higher after controlling for product, transaction, seller, and buyer-specific factors. The electronic market even outperforms the EDI channel when buyer and transaction characteristics favor the use of EDI. Because EDI is still prevalent in many industries, these results point to the gains that may be realized by switching to the newer technology.
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation the Effect of Age, Diabetes, and Other Comorbidity on the Survival of Patients on Dialysis: a Systematic Quantitative Overview of the Literature

performance of dialysis units, and to compare the performance of one dialysis unit with that of another. Background. The UK Renal Registry quotes a 1-year death rate for patients established on dialysis of 19.4 and other comorbidities increase the risk of death. The aim of this paper is to provide quantitative estimates Introduction of the relative risk of death associated with particular patient characteristics. The absolute 1-year death rate on dialysis in the UK Methods. Quantitative techniques were used to estim-is 19.4 per 100 patient years for patients established ate relative risk of death in the seven studies quoted on dialysis, and 21 per 100 patient years in the first in the RASD document and 17 other papers identified year on dialysis [1]. The 1-year death rate in the USA in a systematic literature search. Relative risk data (excluding the first 90 days on dialysis) is 21.7 per 100 from each study were pooled using a fixed effects patient years [2]. model (f). A random effects model (r) was applied to 'Survival of patients during treatment for End Stage pool relative risks if heterogeneity was found to exist Renal Failure … [has] been shown to be influenced by between studies. A meta-regression analysis was also age and by many comorbid conditions such as diabetes carried out to investigate whether study covariates mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, congestive heart fail-substantially explained the heterogeneity between ure, liver disease, respiratory disease and peripheral studies. vascular disease. ' (Renal Association Standards Doc-Results. Pooling the papers identified in the system-ument) [3]. atic literature search with those from the RASD gave In order to support this statement, the authors of rise to a relative risk of death of 1.029 (95% CI the Renal Association Standards Document (RASD) 1.013–1.045) (r) associated with each year's increase cited seven papers [4–10]. Here, we investigate whether in age. The relative risk associated with the presence these seven papers can provide us with valid, quantitat-of diabetes was 1.91 (95% CI 1.67–2.17) (r), whilst ive estimates of the modulating effects of age, presence that associated with heart disease was 1.59 (95% CI of diabetes and other comorbidities on the risk of 1.49–1.69) (f), and with peripheral vascular disease death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). 1.58 (95% CI 1.29–1.93) (r). Heterogeneity was found Since bias could have arisen in the selection of the in the estimates of risk associated with age, diabetes, papers …
It's the type of thinking that counts: A metacognitive analysis of the effects of processing strategies on attitude certainty

People can process the exact same persuasive message using very different information seeking or processing strategies. In particular, past research has contrasted directing one’s attention to generating negative or positive thoughts to a message with processing the same message by focusing on whatever thoughts are naturally prevalent. Researchers have found that when successful, directing one’s attention to considering positive thoughts produces more favorable attitudes than an undirected control, whereas directing one’s attention to considering negative thoughts produces more negative attitudes relative to an undirected control. Interestingly, past research has not spoken to the consequences of directing one’s thinking, in either a positive or negative fashion, when the attempt to find merit or fault is unsuccessful. The present research puts forth a metacognitive framework to predict and explain potential differences in how type of thinking may influence the underlying certainty with which individuals hold their attitudes. Specifically, it is argued that individuals often reflect on how they arrived at a particular attitude or judgment. Furthermore, when individuals perceive themselves to be aware of both their potential positive and negative reactions to a message (versus just one side being salient) they express greater degrees of certainty in the attitude that was reached. This finding is replicated across multiple experiments. In addition evidence is provided that the effects of certainty are consequential. In total, the present research ii reveals new effects of how people arrive at an attitude for the underlying certainty associated with that attitude. Implications for the literature on persuasion and metacognition are discussed.
Virtual Reality and Estimating Practice: A Software Selection Model for Estimating

Construction estimates are a product of rigorous data analysis involving sophisticated data from a diverse range of multi-disciplinary sources. These data, often voluminous, are of different quality and are set to achieve slightly different goals which are not necessarily identical to the goal of the estimator. They are also engineered in different technologies which an estimator must be able to manipulate in other to achieve substantial success. Virtual Reality (VR) is an example of contemporaneous practice innovations where estimators are likely to require new set of tools to: (1) ingrain their integration in VR processes, (2) perform their roles conventionally and contemporaneously, and (3) sustain their commitment to the future of digital transactions in the construction industry. This paper advances a process model for defining ad selecting estimating applications that work well in VR project.
Banks' Foreign Credit Exposures and Borrowers' Rollover Risks Measurement, Evolution and Determinants

The recent crises highlighted the role of cross-border banking linkages. This paper proposes two new measures for better capturing creditor banking systems' foreign credit exposures and borrower countries' reliance on foreign bank credit, by combining BIS data with bank-level data. The results indicate that the proposed refinements matter, especially when foreign bank affiliates' funding relies heavily on local deposits. In addition, after developing novel and necessary break-in-series and exchange rate variation adjustments, estimations looking at the driving factors of both measures during 2006-2012 highlight: (i) the role of systemic banking crises and global financial conditions in the evolution of banks' foreign credit exposures; (ii) the role of a larger set of factors in the case of the evolution of borrower countries' reliance on foreign bank credit-how countries borrowed, from whom they borrowed, and global financial and domestic demand conditions.
Image-guided Pro-angiogenic Therapy in Diabetic Stroke Mouse Models Using a Multi-modal Nanoprobe

Purpose: The efficacy of pro-angiogenic therapy is difficult to evaluate with current diagnostic modalities. The objectives were to develop a non-invasive imaging strategy to define the temporal characteristics of angiogenesis and to evaluate the response to pro-angiogenic therapy in diabetic stroke mouse models. Methods: A home-made ανβ3 integrin-targeted multi-modal nanoprobe was intravenously injected into mouse models at set time points after photothrombotic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging were carried out at 24 h post-injection. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were infused into the mouse models of ischemic stroke to stimulate angiogenesis. Results: The peak signal intensity in the ischemic-angiogenic area of diabetic and wild-type mouse models was achieved on day 10, with significantly lower signal enhancement observed in the diabetic models. Although the signal intensity was significantly higher after EPC treatment in both models, the enhancement was less pronounced in the diabetic animals compared with the wild-type controls. Histological analysis revealed that the microvessel density and expression of β3 integrin were correlated with the signal intensity assessed with MRI and NIRF imaging. Conclusions: The non-invasive imaging method could be used for early and accurate evaluation of the response to pro-angiogenic therapy in diabetic stroke models.
Kinematic data on primate head and neck posture: implications for the evolution of basicranial flexion and an evaluation of registration planes used in paleoanthropology.

Kinematic data on primate head and neck posture were collected by filming 29 primate species during locomotion. These were used to test whether head and neck posture are significant influences on basicranial flexion and whether the Frankfurt plane can legitimately be employed in paleoanthropological studies. Three kinematic measurements were recorded as angles relative to the gravity vector, the inclination of the orbital plane, the inclination of the neck, and the inclination of the Frankfurt plane. A fourth kinematic measurement was calculated as the angle between the neck and the orbital plane (the head-neck angle [HNA]). The functional relationships of basicranial flexion were examined by calculating the correlations and partial correlations between HNA and craniometric measurements representing basicranial flexion, orbital kyphosis, and relative brain size (Ross and Ravosa [1993] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 91:305-324). Significant partial correlations were observed between relative brain size and basicranial flexion and between HNA and orbital kyphosis. This indicates that brain size, rather than head and neck posture, is the primary influence on flexion, while the degree of orbital kyphosis may act to reorient the visual field in response to variation in head and neck posture. Regarding registration planes, the Frankfurt plane was found to be horizontal in humans but inclined in all nonhuman primates. In contrast, nearly all primates (including humans) oriented their orbits such that they faced anteriorly and slightly inferiorly. These results suggest that for certain functional craniometric studies, the orbital plane may be a more suitable registration plane than Frankfurt "Horizontal. "
Characterizing Evolution in Product Line Architectures

Product-line architectures present an important approach to increasing software reuse and reducing development cost by sharing an architecture and set of reusable components among a family of products. However, evolution in product-line architectures is more complex than in traditional software development since new, possibly conflicting, requirements originate from the existing products in the product-line and new products that are to be incorporated. In this paper, we present a case study of product-line architecture evolution. Based on the case study, we develop categorizations for the evolution of requirements, the product-line architecture and product-line architecture components. Subsequently, we analyze and present the relations between these categorizations.
Star formation in Galactic spiral arms and the interarm regions

The line of sight through the Galactic plane between longitudes l = 37°83 and 42°50 allows for the separation of Galactic Ring Survey molecular clouds into those that fall within the spiral arms and those located in the interarm regions. By matching these clouds in both position and velocity with dense clumps detected in the mm continuum by the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey, we are able to look for changes in the clump formation efficiency (CFE), the ratio of clump to cloud mass, with Galactic environment. We find no evidence of any difference in the CFE between the interarm and spiral-arm regions along this line of sight. This is further evidence that, outside the Galactic Centre region, the large-scale structures of the Galaxy play little part in changing the dense, potentially star-forming structures within molecular clouds. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Evidence That the Production of Aversive Consequences Is Not Necessary to Create Cognitive Dissonance

The present authors hypothesized, in contrast to I influential revision ofcognitive dissonance theory, that the production of aversive consequences is not necessary to create cognitive dissonance and that cognitive dissonance will occur even when aversive consequences are not produced. In Experiment l, participants drank a pleasant- or unpleasant-tasting beverage and were given high or low choice to write a sentence that said they liked the beverage. Participants threw the paper away once they had written the sentence and then rated how much they liked the beverage. In support of the hypothesis, unpleasant-tasting beverage/high-choice participants liked the beverage more than unpleasant-tasting beverage/low-choice participants. A 2nd experiment replicated this effect, using a different counterattitudinal action and different choice manipulation. By demonstrating that the manipulation of dissonance produced increased physiological arousal, a 3rd experiment suggested that selfperception theory could not alternatively explain the results of Experiments 1 and 2.
A Computer Model of National

toward European currency convertibility unearth no new information, but present the revisionist perspective with clarity and sophistication largely absent from previous radical interpretations of this policy-making period. The final third of the book, which describes the decline of the dollar and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the 1960s and 1970s, is straightforward, but too short and less interesting. Perhaps an over-ambitious editor slashed more than was desirable. It becomes extremely difficult to illustrate how the capitalist classes influenced the direction of American foreign economic policy when almost no mention is made of the activities and policy preferences of multinational banks and corporations, particularly since private sector behavior and perspectives shifted substantially after 1969. Although Block's work makes a positive contribution to our understanding of the origins of the postwar economic system, several problems remain. "Monetary policy" seems sometimes to be subsumed within "economic policy" and at other times the terms are used as synonyms. Evidence is scanty regarding the mechanisms which corporate capitalists employed to insure that government officials would pursue policies they favored. Another difficulty is that Block's critique is focused entirely against a mercantilist perception of economic history. The contributions made by political scientists such as Robert Russell, Robert Keohane, and Joseph Nye in analyzing international monetary politics from transnational and transgovernmental perspectives have not been integrated into this study. As a result the link between theory and analysis is more tenuous than might have been possible.
Learning about goals : development of action perception and action control

By using innovative paradigms, the present thesis provides convincing evidence that action-effect learning, and sensorimotor processes in general play a crucial role in the development of action- perception and production in infancy. This finding was further generalized to sequential action. Furthermore the thesis suggests that means-selection-, ends-selection information, and action-effect knowledge together feed into a unitary concept of goal. Both these findings have the potential to generate interesting new research question
The hypomethylating agent decitabine prior to chemotherapy improves the therapy efficacy in refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia patients

In this study, we investigated the effect of pre-treatment with demethylating agent decitabine on susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs in HL60/ADR, Kasumi-1 and primary AML cells. Cytotoxic effect was increased by decitabine through activation of p53 and inhibition of c-Myc, Survivin and Bcl-2. We demonstrated in clinic that combination of decitabine and HAA consisting of harringtonine, aclarubicin and cytarabine was effective and safe to treat patients with refractory, relapsed or high-risk AML. Decitabine prior to HAA regimen improved the first induction complete response rate, and significantly prolonged overall survival and disease-free survival in these patients compared with HAA alone. These findings support clinic protocols based on decitabine prior to chemotherapy to overcome resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy in AML patients.
The Interplay of Emotional Intelligence and Morale of University Teachers

A study was conducted to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and morale. All the teachers teaching at university level in Islamabad were taken as population of the study whereas sample was drawn from two public and one private sector university. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw the sample. Three strata were social sciences, management sciences and computer sciences. In the social sciences five disciplines were selected which were Education, Psychology, Mass communication, Economics and International Relations. The total sample size was 134.Two standardized questionnaires were used for data collection. One was The Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and for the measurement of morale Dr. Ramesh Mehay’s questionnaire adapted from Nolan’s morale questionnaire developed at Scheffield University. Pearson correlation, . mean, standard deviation and One-way ANOVA were used as statistical tests for data analysis. It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and morale.It was also concluded that there was significant differences in morale and emotional intelligence level of different disciplines’ teachers.