Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The vertical distribution of Saharan dust over the western and central Mediterranean through dust modelling and lidar observations

Aerosol extinction vertical profiles during Saharan dust events measured by two EARLINET lidar stations in the western and central Mediterranean during a two-year period (2001-2002) are compared to profiles forecasted by the dust regional atmospheric model (DREAM) that currently operates dust forecasts over the Mediterranean region. 35 Saharan dust cases were successfully captured in Barcelona (Spain) with a 1064 nm backscatter lidar and 45 Saharan dust cases in Naples (Italy) with a 351 nm Raman lidar. The objective of the present study is twofold: (1) to evaluate the skills of the model to forecast the dust vertical distribution in the Mediterranean basin and (2) to study the synoptic pattern dependence of the Saharan dust events over the western and central Mediterranean. The comparison between the modeled and the measured mean annual aerosol extinction vertical profiles shows a rather good agreement between model forecasts and lidar data. However, below 2000 m the extinction measured by the lidar systems is not captured by DREAM due to the significant influence of local anthropogenic aerosols in the boundary layer. The main synoptic patterns responsible for all the measured events of Saharan dust were identified and classified for both sites. It was found that the main synoptic situations in which the Saharan dust reaches the Mediterranean basin are anticyclonic systems located in North Africa (both for dust transport over the western and the central Mediterranean) and a low pressure system located in Portugal (for the western Mediterranean) and in central Europe (for the central Mediterranean). In the presence of low pressure, the altitude of the dust plume is higher in the western than in the central Mediterranean and this is probably related to geographical factors.
Knowing what it takes: the effect of perceived learner advantages on dance teachers’ use of critical‐thinking activities

The Critical Thinking Belief Appraisal was administered to practicing dance teachers (n = 52) in the USA to investigate their beliefs (and use of) critical‐thinking activities with high‐advantage and low‐advantage learners. Results point to an ‘advantage effect’ in dance teachers’ beliefs about critical thinking: the higher the perceived learner advantages, the more likely teachers are to favor high critical‐thinking activities. This effect also appears to be a more absolute belief in the efficacy of teaching high‐advantage learners than previously thought. These results extend to teachers’ classroom behavior as well as their espoused beliefs and are not an artifact of teachers’ critical‐thinking ability and disposition, or their need for social approval. Implications and the need for further research are discussed.
The impact of organizational justice on the perception of psychological contract breach and the role of ethical leader as a moderator: an application on developing agencies

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between organizational justice and psychological contract breach within the scope of a moderator model and to exhibit the role of ethical leadership in this relationship. This study distinctively focuses on the impact of ethical leadership attitude in the relationship between organizational justice and psychological contract breach. In this context, this study aims to make a contribution to the existing literature and obtain favorable results that facilitates the executives in an organizational environment. Particularly, the objective of the empirical research is to exhibit how the organizational justice perceptions of employees working in Turkish Development Agencies effect the pyschological contract and the role of ethical leadership in this relationship. The universe of the corresponding research comprises the 23 Development Agencies staff working in the different geographical regions of Turkey. The results reveal that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational justice and ethical leadership has a mediating effect on this relationship
Multicultural Projects in Guatemala: Identity Tensions and Everyday Ideologies

This paper illustrates how the Maya of Guatemala have responded to some of the projects put forth by indigenous organizations and the State about cultural diversity and the rights that such diversity entails. It specifically addresses the three elements – bilingual education, Mayan spirituality and a commitment to national politics – that appeared to be the most controversial aspects of the project. As part of a ‘multicultural ideology’, these proposals conflict with other ethnic ideologies that give meaning to the everyday life of the Maya.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Laminaria japonica Polysaccharide in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model

The aim is to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJPS) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice model. 60 healthy male mice have been used in the experiment. T2DM animal mode was prepared by high fatty forage feeding and intraperitoneal injection with alloxan. Diabetic mice were orally supplied with LJPS. Then their blood was collected for various biomedical measurements of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, and amylin. Treatment with LJPS significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05) and increased the levels of insulin and amylin in serum (P < 0.05). Overall, the study presented that LJPS can reverse several components of T2DM. Therefore, LJPS may become a new oral candidate medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
Changes in the response to magnetic and electrical stimulation of the motor cortex following muscle stretch in man.

1. The effect of muscle stretch on the EMG response from the stretched muscle to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex was studied in eight subjects. Muscle stretch was produced by increasing the torque of a motor acting through a lever which was held at constant position by a flexion force of the index and middle fingers. EMG responses were recorded from fine‐wire electrodes inserted into flexor digitorum profundus muscle in the forearm. They consisted of a spinal latency component and a long‐latency component which could in some subjects be separated into an early and a late phase. 2. In four subjects, four intervals between the stretch and the cortical stimulus were explored using three intensities of cortical stimulation. At all three intensities, when the magnetic cortical stimulus was timed to produce an EMG response in the period of the later part of the long‐latency stretch reflex the response was larger than when it was timed to produce a response in the period of the short‐latency spinal reflex or when superimposed on the tonic muscle activity used to resist the standing torque of the motor. 3. When the intensity of magnetic cortical stimulation was reduced so that it was just below threshold to produce an EMG response in the short‐latency reflex period or on the background tonic EMG activity, it still was capable of producing a response when superimposed on the long‐latency stretch reflex. 4. In four subjects the time course of this effect was studied in more detail using only one intensity of magnetic cortical stimulus set to be just above threshold to produce a response in tonically active muscles. The time course of the facilitatory effect was similar to the time course of the later part of the long‐latency stretch reflex. From these data it was not possible to determine whether the early part of the long‐latency stretch reflex also was accompanied by the facilitatory effect since this component was present in only one of the four subjects. 5. The facilitatory effect persisted after the ulnar and median nerves were totally blocked at the wrist by injections of local anaesthetic. This suggests that inputs from muscle receptors of the stretched muscle contribute to the effect.4=
Socioeconomic disparities in health care use: Does universal coverage reduce inequalities in health?

Background: Despite enormous public sector expenditures, the effectiveness of universal coverage for health care in reducing socioeconomic disparities in health has received little attention. Study objectives: To evaluate whether universal coverage for health care reduces socioeconomic disparities in health. Design: Information on participants of the 1990 Nova Scotia Nutrition Survey was linked with eight years of administrative health services data and mortality. The authors first examined whether lower socioeconomic groups use more health services, as would be expected given their poorer health status. They then investigated to what extent differential use of health services modifies socioeconomic disparities in mortality. Finally, the authors evaluated health services use in the last years of life when health is poor regardless of a person’s socioeconomic background. Setting: The Canadian province of Nova Scotia, which provides universal health care coverage to all residents. Participants: 1816 non-institutionalised adults, aged 18–75 years, from a two stage cluster sample stratified by age, gender, and region. Main results: People with lower socioeconomic background used comparatively more family physician and hospital services, in such a way as to ameliorate the socioeconomic differences in mortality. In contrast, specialist services were comparatively underused by people in lower socioeconomic groups. In the last three years of life, use of specialist services was significantly higher in the highest income group. Conclusions: Universal coverage of family physician and hospital services ameliorate the socioeconomic differences in mortality. However, specialist services are underused in lower socioeconomic groups, bearing the potential to widen the socioeconomic gap in health.
Frequency of knowledge of results does not influence perceptual learning and retention in novices.

Inmotorlearningtheexaminationofknowledgeofresultsfrequencyisawell studied subject. However, to our best knowledge, no video-based perceptual train ingstudyhastestedtheinfluenceofknowledgeofresultsfrequencyonlearningand long-term retention. Therefore, in this study we examined the influence of four knowledgeofresultfrequencyschedulesonperceptuallearningandretentioninan anticipation task in Handball. Results did not reveal a significant interaction between learning or retention and knowledge of result conditions. However, even aftera7monthretentioninterval,participantsshowedbetterperformancesthanin pre-test conditions. Based on our results we conclude that concurrent visual infor mation cues seems more important than knowledge of results in perceptual learn ing of the handball task. To test this assumption in the future spatial and temporal occlusion paradigms are proposed.
The use of SNSs among Adults and Emerging Adults

Social Networks Sites (SNSs) are becoming more and more prominent in everyday life. Their portability and ease of use grant them a wide diffusion, both vertically (among all social classes) and horizontally (in number), throughout the population, especially in western countries. This is not just a trend; the way in which SNSs are being used can be considered part of a pervasive attitude in our daily lives where everything is becoming more social. With a specific focus on emerging adults, in this paper we will argue and demonstrate how they use SNSs in their transitions between activity systems, by comparing them with the use of SNSs in adults. There are age-based differences in the use of SNSs, and in the way in which subjects maintain and expand their social capital through the use of these sites.
Exploring Podcast Adoption Intention via Perceived Social Norms, Interpersonal Communication, and Theory of Planned Behavior

Previous research has not linked the perspectives of social influence, interpersonal discourse, and behavioral theory to study new media diffusion. The current study integrated these perspectives by incorporating theory of planned behavior with the concepts of normative beliefs and interpersonal communication to explain podcast-adoption intention. A cross-sectional sample responded to a survey online. Results show that descriptive norm and perceived control were significant predictors of attitude; injunctive norm was a significant predictor of perceived control. Social discourse, perceived descriptive norm, and attitude had a direct effect on podcast-adoption intention; perceived control and injunctive norm had an indirect effect in contrast.
Changes in laboratory parameters indicating cell necrosis and organ dysfunction in asphyxiated neonates on moderate systemic hypothermia

Aim: Asphyxia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in term infants. In addition to cerebral injury other organs are also distressed due to hypoxic‐ischaemic insult. Systemic hypothermia has a beneficial effect on brain injury. We tested the impact of hypothermia on hypoxic damage of other internal organs.
The association between family functioning and NSSI in adolescence: The mediating role of depressive symptoms

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to socially unacceptable behavior causing intentional and direct injury to one’s own body tissue without conscious suicidal intent. Recent literature has highlighted the importance of examining the interaction between intrapersonal (e.g. coping, psychopathology) and interpersonal risk factors (e.g. psychopathology in family, family abuse, parenting), for enhancing our understanding of NSSI. The present study adds to this by investigating the association between NSSI, adolescent depressive feelings, and perceived family functioning. A sample of 358 adolescents was assessed by means of self-report measures for (1) NSSI behavior (NSSI-AT), (2) depressive symptoms (CDI-NL), and (3) perceived family functioning (FAD-NL). The prevalence rate of NSSI was 14.29%. Data suggest that general dysfunction of the family as a whole, poor affective involvement, and excessive behavioral control uniquely distinguished between adolescents engaging in NSSI and adolescents not engaging in NSSI. The association between family functioning and NSSI was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. The implications of the findings for further research, prevention, and intervention of NSSI are discussed.
The influence of pre-injury behaviour on children's type of accident, type of injury and severity of injury

Primary objective: To investigate the relationship between children's pre-injury behaviour and accident type (high vs. low risk), injury type (traumatic brain injury (TBI), fractures/dislocations and other injuries) and TBI severity. Research design: Cross-sectional comparison of 205 children with TBI aged 6–14 years, with 101 children aged 7–14 years with non-TBI injuries. Methods and procedures: Pre-injury behavioural data were collected via parental report with the Child Behaviour Checklist. Information on children's accident type and TBI severity was obtained from medical records. Main outcomes and results: The pre-injury behaviour of children involved in high or low risk accidents did not differ. Pre-injury behavioural differences were observed among children with TBI, fractures/dislocations, other injuries and normative samples. The involvement of children in high and low risk accidents differed depending on the severity of TBI. Pre-injury behaviour of children with mild or moderate/severe TBI was similar. Conclusions: Pre-injury behaviour does not appear to influence children's involvement in high vs. low risk accidents or the severity of their TBI. However pre-injury behaviour increases children's differential risk for types of accidental injuries.
Lifetime Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in a Korean Community Sample

Objectives: Our study evaluated the lifetime prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Jeollabuk-do Province, Korea. Method: Participants were selected from the population of individuals aged 13ߝ100 years living Jeollabuk-do Province, Korea. A total of 2,964 subjects provided information about lifetime suicidal behavior and sociodemographic and psychological characteristics, completing the Zung Depression Scale, the Scale for Suicidal Ideation, the Multidimensional Anger Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, 24.8% and 6.2%, respectively, were higher than in previous studies. Multivariate regression revealed that family harmony had the highest odds ratio of all variables, including psychological factors. Along with depression and self-esteem, anger— which is the basic symptom of the Korean culture-related anger syndrome, Hwa-byung—was significantly associated with lifetime suicidal behavior. Conclusions: Lifetime suicidal behavior was highly prevalent in Jeollabuk-do Province. The most significant risk factors were found to be social support, family disharmony, anger, depression, and low self-esteem in Koreans.
Family Involvement in Assessment and Intervention: Perceptions of Professionals and Parents in Sweden

This article describes perceptions of professionals and parents of the current and ideal state of family involvement in early intervention in Sweden. Both professionals and parents expressed significant discrepancies between current and ideal practices in four dimensions: parent involvement in decisions about child assessment, parent participation in assessment, parent participation in the team meeting and decision making, and the provision of family goals and services. Professionals showed preferences for a higher degree of family involvement. In identifying barriers, both professionals and parents most frequently mentioned system barriers. Causes for the discrepancies include the need for training and earlier inclusion of parents in the case management process.
Custos dos problemas causados pelo abuso do álcool

CONTEXTO: O abuso de alcool e considerado atualmente um dos maiores problemas de saude devido ao impacto mundial que esta problematica gera em termos sociais e financeiros. OBJETIVOS: Discutir, a partir do referencial economico, as consequencias sociais do abuso do alcool e introduzir os conceitos relacionados a economia da saude. METODOS: Revisao da literatura com base nos sistemas Medline, LILACS e Scielo de artigos publicados nas linguas, portuguesa e inglesa no periodo de 1987 a 2007, e posterior busca manual com base na bibliografia de interesse dos artigos selecionados. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 50 artigos sobre estudos economicos e conceitos economicos em diversas areas; desses, 15 diretamente relacionados ao custo social do abuso do alcool. O metodo de apuracao dos custos e a composicao dos itens de custos foram semelhantes em todos os estudos. CONCLUSOES: Os estudos economicos se apresentam incipientes no Brasil e avancados nos paises desenvolvidos. A necessidade de pesquisas nacionais que abordem o custo social do abuso do alcool tem como uma das finalidades promover subsidios para se pensar e efetivar a construcao de politicas publicas mais consistentes e que estejam em consonância com o perfil epidemiologico e socioeconomico do pais.
The Meaning of Intonational Contours in the Interpretation of Discourse

Recent investigations of the contribution that intonation makes to overall utterance and discourse interpretation promise new sources of information for the investigation of long-time concerns in natural-language processing. In Hirschberg and Pierrehumbert 1986 we proposed that intonational fea tures such as phrasing, accmt pUuttTWIt, pilch rangt
On the well-balance property of Roe?s method for nonconservative hyperbolic systems

This paper is concerned with the numerical approximations of Cauchy problems for one- dimensional nonconservative hyperbolic systems. The first goal is to introduce a general concept of well- balancing for numerical schemes solving this kind of systems. Once this concept stated, we investigate the well-balance properties of numerical schemes based on the generalized Roe linearizations introduced by (Toumi, J. Comp. Phys. 102 (1992) 360-373). Next, this general theory is applied to obtain well- balanced schemes for solving coupled systems of conservation laws with source terms. Finally, we focus on applications to shallow water systems: the numerical schemes obtained and their properties are compared, in the case of one layer flows, with those introduced by (Bermudez and Vazquez-Cendon, Comput. Fluids 23 (1994) 1049-1071); in the case of two layer flows, they are compared with the numerical scheme presented by (Castro, Mac´ias and Pares, ESAIM: M2AN 35 (2001) 107-127).
Women and Sex Roles: A Social Psychological Perspective

The authors begin by demonstrating how socially biased attitudes can enter into the scientific study of women. They then investigate the origins and nature of sex differences, with an emphasis on how children learn sex roles. The psychological factors influencing marriage, motherhood, achievement and work, sexuality, aging, and role strain are thoroughly explored, as are the psychological bases of prejudice and discrimination. A section on women and power, both personal and political, precedes the final chapter on making life decisions. Women and Sex Roles is designed to be the basic text for courses in the psychology of women, sociology of women, women's studies, and sex roles. All psychological terms and principles are explained in the text so that the undergraduate need not have previous training in psychology. The authors of Women and Sex Roles: A Social Psychological Perspective received their Ph.D.s from the University of California, Los Angeles. It was there that they developed the psychology of women course on which this book is based in part. Since then, they have been involved in research related to women and in the teaching of women's studies courses.
Infusing Positive Psychology with Spirituality in a Strength-Based Group Career Counseling to Evaluate College Students’ State Anxiety

The present study examined the effect of group career counseling (GCC) by infusing positive psychology and spirituality on undergraduate students’ state anxiety. A total of 187 Taiwanese college students took the strength-based group career coursing courses and assigned to experimental groups, responded to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. After the subjects had participated in the model of career education course, the experimental groups score on state anxiety decreased. A Pearson Product-moment correlation matrix described the relationships between the state anxiety score and the 4 sub scores of the Problem Solving Scale and Spirituality total score. The multiple regression analysis of the state anxiety scale used gender, age and 4 sub scores of the Problem Solving and Spirituality scale as predictor variables. The predictor variables (“trait anxiety”, “purpose and meaning in life”, “problem-solving confidence” and “personal control” subscales of the “PSI”) were able to account for 48% of the variance of State Anxiety. Implications for future research and recommendations for incorporating positive psychology with spirituality into GCC are discussed.