Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical analysis of engineers' information behaviors

The importance of the acquisition and provision of infor- mation within knowledge work such as engineering is widely acknowledged. This article reports an extensive empirical study of such information behaviors in engi-neers,using a novel and effective work sampling method. Seventy-eight design engineers each carried a portable handheld computer (PDA) for 20 working days. Once every hour, they were prompted to enter data concerning the task they were currently performing, including the information behaviors in which they were engaging. The resultant data represent a comprehensive picture of engineers’ information behaviors and the percentage of their working time for which each of these behaviors accounts (55.75% in total). Speciﬁc hypotheses concerning the time spent engaged in these behaviors were also tested. Accordingly, it was found that participants spent substantially more time receiving information they had not requested than information they had, and this pattern was also reﬂected when they provided others with infor- mation. Furthermore, although there was no difference found between the time participants spent searching for information from other people compared with nonhuman sources, in the former case they spent relatively less time locating the information source and information within that source, and relatively more time engaged in problem solving and decision making. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theory and organizational practice.
The Environmental Performance, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Food Safety of Food Companies from the Perspective of Green Finance

In recent years, there have been frequent instances of environmental pollution in the Chinese food industry, and food safety incidents have aroused widespread concern. However, few empirical studies on the relationship among corporate environmental performance, corporate social responsibility, and food safety have been conducted. There is also a lack of targeted and effective interventions and solutions. To develop ways to resolve food safety issues, using the data from 77 listed food firms in China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share exchange market during 2006 to 2016, the relationships among the environmental performance of food firms, corporate social responsibility, and food safety were empirically analyzed, and the ameliorating effects of green finance acting as the intervention variable on corporate social responsibility and food safety for food firms were explored. Results show that the better the environmental performance of the food firm, the stronger the corporate social responsibility; furthermore, the stronger the corporate social responsibility and the better the environmental performance of the given firm, the less food safety incidents occur. Additionally, there is a correlation between the environmental performance of food firms and food safety. This indicates that strengthening supervision of the environmental performance of food firms may reduce the frequency of food safety issues. The implementation of green finance policy can also directly enhance the food safety by improving the environmental performance of food firms, and directly improve the food safety situation by raising corporate social responsibility. This study provides a significantly reference for decision-making with respect to strengthening internal controls on food safety in the food industry and to developing regulatory methods by food regulating authorities.
Mathematical Logic in the Human Brain: Syntax

Theory predicts a close structural relation of formal languages with natural languages. Both share the aspect of an underlying grammar which either generates (hierarchically) structured expressions or allows us to decide whether a sentence is syntactically correct or not. The advantage of rule-based communication is commonly believed to be its efficiency and effectiveness. A particularly important class of formal languages are those underlying the mathematical syntax. Here we provide brain-imaging evidence that the syntactic processing of abstract mathematical formulae, written in a first order language, is, indeed efficient and effective as a rule-based generation and decision process. However, it is remarkable, that the neural network involved, consisting of intraparietal and prefrontal regions, only involves Broca's area in a surprisingly selective way. This seems to imply that despite structural analogies of common and current formal languages, at the neural level, mathematics and natural language are processed differently, in principal.
Using Nanopublications to Incentivize the Semantic Exposure of Life Science Information

The growing rate of data production in the life sciences creates an urgent need for semantic integration of information. Although the development of tools and infrastructure will make semantic data exposure easier with time, presently the effort associated with creating linked data remains largely unrecognized by peer-review processes, publishers, and promotion committees. Here, we describe a novel data publishing framework called nanopublications that provides incentives for researchers to expose their data in semantic form. A nanopublication is the smallest unit of publishable information and is composed of an assertion (a semantic triple subject-predicate-object combination) and provenance metadata such as personal and institutional attribution (which also uses triples). As RDF named graphs, nanopublications are fully interoperable and machine readable, and need not be tethered to centralized databases, research articles or other schema for their retrieval and use. Hence, individual nanopublications can be cited and their impact tracked, creating powerful incentives for compliance with open standards and driving data interoperability.
Optimizing Quantize-Map-and-Forward relaying for Gaussian diamond networks

We evaluate the information-theoretic achievable rates of Quantize-Map-and-Forward (QMF) relaying schemes over Gaussian N-relay diamond networks. Focusing on vector Gaussian quantization at the relays, our goal is to understand how close to the cutset upper bound these schemes can achieve in the context of diamond networks, and how much benefit is obtained by optimizing the quantizer distortions at the relays. First, with noise-level quantization, we point out that the worst-case gap from the cutset upper bound is (N + log2 N) bits/s/Hz. A better universal quantization level found without using channel state information (CSI) leads to a sharpened gap of log2 N + log2(1 + N) + N log2(1 + 1/N) bits/s/Hz. On the other hand, it turns out that finding the optimal distortion levels depending on the channel gains is a non-trivial problem in the general N-relay setup. We manage to solve the two-relay problem and the symmetric N-relay problem analytically, and show the improvement via numerical evaluations both in static as well as slow-fading channels.
First-spike latency information in single neurons increases when referenced to population onset

It is well known that many stimulus parameters, such as sound location in the auditory system or contrast in the visual system, can modulate the timing of the first spike in sensory neurons. Could first-spike latency be a candidate neural code? Most studies measuring first-spike latency information assume that the brain has an independent reference for stimulus onset from which to extract latency. This assumption creates an obvious confound that casts doubt on the feasibility of first-spike latency codes. If latency is measured relative to an internal reference of stimulus onset calculated from the responses of the neural population, the information conveyed by the latency of single neurons might decrease because of correlated changes in latency across the population. Here we assess the effects of a realistic model of stimulus onset detection on the first-spike latency information conveyed by single neurons in the auditory system. Contrary to expectation, we find that on average, the information contained in single neurons does not decrease; in fact, the majority of neurons show a slight increase in the information conveyed by latency referenced to a population onset. Our results show that first-spike latency codes are a feasible mechanism for information transfer even when biologically plausible estimates of stimulus onset are taken into account.
Methods for carbon nanotubes synthesis—review

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been under scientific investigation for more than fifteen years because of their unique properties that predestine them for many potential applications. The field of nanotechnology and nanoscience push their investigation forward to produce CNTs with suitable parameters for future applications. It is evident that new approaches of their synthesis need to be developed and optimized. In this paper we review history, types, structure and especially the different synthesis methods for CNTs preparation including arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition. Moreover, we mention some rarely used ways of arc discharge deposition which involves arc discharge in liquid solutions in contrary to standard used deposition in a gas atmosphere. In addition, the methods for uniform vertically aligned CNTs synthesis using lithographic techniques for catalyst deposition as well as a method utilizing a nanoporous anodized aluminium oxide as a pattern for selective CNTs growth are reported too.
Brachyury, Foxa2 and the cis-Regulatory Origins of the Notochord

A main challenge of modern biology is to understand how specific constellations of genes are activated to differentiate cells and give rise to distinct tissues. This study focuses on elucidating how gene expression is initiated in the notochord, an axial structure that provides support and patterning signals to embryos of humans and all other chordates. Although numerous notochord genes have been identified, the regulatory DNAs that orchestrate development and propel evolution of this structure by eliciting notochord gene expression remain mostly uncharted, and the information on their configuration and recurrence is still quite fragmentary. Here we used the simple chordate Ciona for a systematic analysis of notochord cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), and investigated their composition, architectural constraints, predictive ability and evolutionary conservation. We found that most Ciona notochord CRMs relied upon variable combinations of binding sites for the transcription factors Brachyury and/or Foxa2, which can act either synergistically or independently from one another. Notably, one of these CRMs contains a Brachyury binding site juxtaposed to an (AC) microsatellite, an unusual arrangement also found in Brachyury-bound regulatory regions in mouse. In contrast, different subsets of CRMs relied upon binding sites for transcription factors of widely diverse families. Surprisingly, we found that neither intra-genomic nor interspecific conservation of binding sites were reliably predictive hallmarks of notochord CRMs. We propose that rather than obeying a rigid sequence-based cis-regulatory code, most notochord CRMs are rather unique. Yet, this study uncovered essential elements recurrently used by divergent chordates as basic building blocks for notochord CRMs.
Integrative Complexity, Participation, and Agreement in Group Discussions

This study tested status-contingency theory and conversion theory on a task in which members made ordered judgments instead of dichotomous judgments. In groups, participants discussed whether “under God” should be in the pledge of allegiance and reached consensus on an ordered scale. Members’ contributions were scored for integrative complexity. In groups with more dispersion of opinion, members with opinions less discrepant from other group members did not have higher integrative complexity than members with more discrepancy of opinion, failing to support status-contingency theory for nondichotomous decisions. In support of conversion theory, members with more discrepant opinions were more influential when they had higher integrative complexity in their arguments. Replicating past research, groups with longer discussions had higher integrative complexity.
Mutual information, relative entropy and estimation error in semi-martingale channels

Fundamental relations between information and estimation have been established in the literature for the Gaussian and Poisson channels. In this work, we demonstrate that such relations hold for a much larger family of continuous-time channels. We introduce the family of semi-martingale channels where the channel output is a continuous time semi-martingale, and the channel input modulates the characteristics of the semi-martingale. For these channels, which includes as a special case the Gaussian and Poisson models, we establish new representations relating the mutual information between the channel input and output to an optimal causal filtering loss, thereby unifying and considerably extending results from the Gaussian and Poisson settings. Extensions to the setting of mismatched estimation are also presented where the relative entropy between the laws governing the output of the channel under two different input distributions is equal to the cumulative difference between the estimation loss incurred by using the mismatched and optimal causal filters respectively. The results in this work can be viewed as the continuous-time analogues of recent generalizations for relations between information and estimation for scalar transformations via Lévy channels.
Estimating demand for cellular phone service under nonlinear pricing

Cellular phone carriers typically offer complicated nonlinear tariffs. Consumers make a discrete choice among several rate plans. Each plan has a nonlinear price schedule, and price is usually lower for in-network calls. I present an empirical framework to estimate demand under such nonlinear pricing schemes by using parsimonious carrier-level data and apply the estimation method to analyze the market in Taiwan. I evaluate the impacts of termination-based pricing schemes on the market structure by counterfactual simulations. There is no evidence showing that the network effect resulting from termination-based pricing has significant effects on market structure.
Student Perceptions of Workplace Corruption and its Effect on their Academic Motivation

Corruption is a worldwide issue, and our understanding of it has been shaped by public policy at the expense of personal motivation. Therefore, a psychological standpoint is required to identify youth at risk of future exploitation. A total of 890 students (psychology, economics, law and education) participated in this study, and their motivation for being at university (AMS-C 28) and their perceptions of the effects of corruption on motivation (PoCM) were measured. Interestingly, students reported that their perception of corruption in the workplace affects their intrinsic motivation and subsequently, the amotivated group reported the highest willingness to use corruption in the future. The study proposes that the self-determination theory in conjunction with PoCM can potentially identify students at risk. We argue that intrinsic motivation, the form closest to the self-determined end of the SDT continuum, can protect students from the adverse effects of corruption. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Towards Natural Listening on a Humanoid Robot

The aim of this research is to develop a robot that can achieve natural listening behavior in real world environment relying only on the nonverbal aspects of the speaker (human) behavior. In this paper, a preliminary system that can simulate head movements during natural interactions on a Robovie II humanoid robot is reported along with its current limitations and the future directions of research toward improving the system and incorporating learning mechanisms into it.
The Effects of YouTube in Multimedia Instruction for Vocabulary Learning: Perceptions of EFL Students and Teachers

The present study sought to examine the improvement in vocabulary comprehension and retention of Saudi English as foreign language female students at King Abdul Aziz University as a result of integrating YouTube in their reading classes. The study also investigated the perceptions of both students as well as teachers towards the inclusion of YouTube on the development of vocabulary. One hundred female intermediate level students aged between 18-20 years old participated in the study. Students were divided into two groups: an experimental group who watched YouTube during the reading activities and a control group who was not exposed to the videos. Data were collected using pre-tests and post-tests in addition to questionnaires. The findings of the study reveal that the group who viewed the YouTube clips outperformed the group who was not exposed to YouTube videos in the posttest. The results clearly show that YouTube provided statistically significant effects on the students' vocabulary acquisition. The findings of the study indicate that the participants positively viewed the use of YouTube in their lessons. The findings also revealed significant improvement in the students’ vocabulary achievement. The implications of the findings are discussed within the context of foreign language learning and teaching.
Searching for knee regions in multi-objective optimization using mobile reference points

Evolutionary algorithms have amply demonstrated their effectiveness and efficiency in approximating the Pareto front of different multi-objective optimization problems. Fewer attentions have been paid to search for the preferred parts of the Pareto front according to the decision maker preferences. Knee regions are special portions of the Pareto front containing solutions having the maximum marginal rates of return, i.e., solutions for which an improvement in one objective implies a severe degradation in at least another one. Such characteristic makes knee regions of particular interest in practical applications from the decision maker perspective. In this paper, we propose a new updating strategy for a reference points based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm which forces this latter to focus on knee regions. The proposed idea uses a set of mobile reference points guiding the search towards knee regions. The extent of the obtained regions could be controlled by the means of a user-defined parameter. The verification of the proposed approach is assessed on two- and three-objective knee-based test problems a priori and interactively. The obtained results are promising.
Debugging Scientific Workflows with Provenance: Achievements and Lessons Learned

1Scientific Workflow Management Systems manage experiments in large-scale and deliver provenance data. Provenance data represents the workflow execution behavior, allowing for tracing the data-flow generation. When provenance is extended with performance execution data, it becomes an important asset to identify and analyze errors that occurred during the workflow execution (i.e. debugging). Debugging is essential for workflows that execute in parallel in large-scale distributed environments since the incidence of errors in this type of execution is high and difficult to track. By debugging at runtime, scientists can identify errors and take the necessary actions, while the workflow is still running. We present provenance based debugging, in real use cases, running in parallel, with virtual machines in clouds. In these experiences scientists use provenance data to query domain and execution data to detect errors, especially when the execution concludes without any system error message.
Some Reflections on the Use and Meaning of Conflict in Contemporary Psychoanalysis

The author reflects on the concept of conflict in contemporary psychoanalysis, and especially in European psychoanalysis. In the latter, this concept does not seem to have aroused significant interest. This does not necessarily mean that conflict has been rejected or replaced; rather, there has been a greater focus on preconflictual stages of development. Indeed, conflict is generally implicit in psychoanalytic work, and, like many other concepts, it has very different and at times divergent meanings, both in various psychoanalytic schools of thought and within the same school. The author presents a clinical example to illustrate some of the possible choices of the analyst at work concerning the use of the concept of conflict.
Curriculum research for students with intellectual disabilities: a content-analytic review

Abstract Curriculum content, the issue of what to teach is fundamental. For students with intellectual disabilities (ID), the choice of educational content is crucial in a life span perspective. Curriculum research for this learner group is sparse. Drawing on a curriculum approach, the purpose of this content analytic reviw study is to analyse trends in curricular research, and discuss implications for further curricular research and policy. Curricular research articles from 1994 to 2016 were identified from databases, using systematic search procedures and specific criteria for inclusion and categorisation of the literature. Based on prior review studies, functional life skills and cognitive academic content formed the analytical fulcrum. The results showed that cognitive academic articles had the highest coverage in the literature and showed a steep increase in publication frequency compared to functional life skill articles. If curricular research on functional life skills stagnates, curriculum policy and practice may fail to provide students with ID the skills necessary for social and practical adaption in their communities. A discursive connection to normative curricular frameworks is essential to analyse and guide curricular choices. This article provides analytical insight and directions for future research in the field of curriculum research for students with ID.
THE USE OF JIGSAW STRATEGY IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION AT THE FIRST GRADE OF SMAN 1 ABUNG SELATAN

ABSTRACT The aims of this researcher were (1) to find out whether there was an improvement of students’ reading comprehension skill after being taught using Jigsaw strategy, (2) to find the aspect of reading that improved the most after being taught by using Jigsaw strategy. This research was conducted on the first grade of SMAN 1 Abung Selatan. The samples of this research were two classes, X1 and X2 which consisted of 25 students chosen randomly through lottery. One group pretest and posttest was used as the design of the research. The instrument for collecting data was reading test. The instruments of this research were reading test (pretest and post test). Pretest and posttest were used to see the difference of students reading comprehension achievement before and after being taught through Jigsaw strategy. Paired sample t-test was done to find out whether the difference was significant between the pretest result and the post test result. The result of the research showed that there was a statistically significant increase of students’ reading comprehension ability after the implementation of Jigsaw strategy. In addition, finding details information was the reading aspect that improved the most. According to the result of the research, the implementation of Jigsaw strategy in teaching reading could help the students to comprehend the material well. It means that Jigsaw strategy is an appropriate strategy to improve students’ reading comprehension.