Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The direct and spillover effects of a mental health program for disruptive students

A large literature finds that cognitive behavioral therapy programs for disruptive students can reduce their disruptiveness and improve their academic outcomes. However, the literature has mostly considered demonstration programs implemented with significant researcher involvement, and has not studied the spillover effects on ineligible students. In this paper, we use a randomized controlled trial to estimate the direct and spillover effects of one such program, implemented as a nationwide policy in Chile. The program has no effect on eligible students’ disruptiveness and academic outcomes. It increases the disruptiveness of ineligible students. Finally, it increases the segregation between eligible and ineligible students. ∗We thank the Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB) for allowing us to randomize the timing of the Habilidades para la vida program, and for providing us with some of the data used in this research. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Centre for Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy at Warwick University, and from the Economics department at Warwick University. We would also like to thank Romina Guzmán, Juan Pablo Arias, Antonio Figueroa and Gerardo Alvarez for outstanding research assistance. Finally, we also thank Miya Barnett, Peter Kuhn, Zoe Liberman, Shelly Lundberg, Kyle Ratner, Fabian Waldinger, and seminar participants at INSEAD, UC Santa Barbara, University of Bologna, and University of Virginia for their useful comments. This research has been approved by the University of Warwick Research Ethics Committee (approval date: 2014-11-03, approval number: 111/13-14), and has been registered on the social science registry website (RCT ID AEARCTR-0001080). † Clément de Chaisemartin: UC Santa Barbara; J-Pal. ‡Nicolas Navarrete H: Paris School of Economics. For questions please email: clementdechaisemartin@ucsb.edu or nicolas.navarrete@psemail.eu.
Title The clinical significance and potential therapeutic role of GPx 3 in tumor recurrence after liver transplantation

Background and Aims: Our previous study showed that small-for-size liver graft may provide favorable micro-environment for tumor growth. GPx3, an anti-oxidant, not only attenuates oxidative stress, but also suppresses liver tumor growth in our recent study. Here, we aimed to characterize the clinical significance and explore the functional role of GPx3 in HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. Methods: To explore the association between GPx3 expression and HCC invasiveness, a rat orthotopic liver transplantation model with tumor development was established. To investigate the clinical relevance of GPx3, 105 HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation were recruited. The suppressive role of GPx3 in HCC cells was studied using wound healing, Matrigel invasion assay and lung metastasis model. The real-time intravital imaging system was applied to directly visualize the tumor cells invasion in a living animal. The underlying mechanism was further explored. Results: GPx3 was identified as a down-regulated protein in small-for-size liver graft and significantly associated with invasive phenotype of tumor growth in a rat model. Plasma GPx3 was significantly lower in small-for-size graft group post-transplantation (day1: 33 vs 1147; day3: 3209 vs 4459; day7: 303 vs 2506; mU/mL, P<0.05) in rat model. Clinically, the plasma GPx3 was significantly lower in the recipients with HCC recurrence post-transplantation (day1: 4.16 vs 8.99 μg/mL, P<0.001; day7: 3.86 vs 9.99 μg/mL, P<0.001). Furthermore, lower plasma GPx3 was identified as an independent predictor (HR=4.528, P=0.046) for poor overall survival post-transplantation. Over-expression of GPx3 significantly suppressed migration, invasiveness and metastasis of HCC cells. Real-time intravital imaging showed that GPx3 significantly suppressed HCC invasiveness in a live animal. GPx3 suppressed the tumor invasiveness through inhibition of JNK-cJun-MMP2 pathway. Conclusion: GPx3 may possess prognostic and therapeutic value for HCC patients after liver
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) From employee to retiree : Life histories and retirement in the Netherlands Damman

Objectives. Even though in retirement and career theories reference is made to a preretirement work disengagement process among older workers, quantitative empirical knowledge about this process is limited. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of work disengagement in the preretirement period, by examining the impact of proximity to planned retirement (anticipated future) and work, educational, and health experiences (lived past) on work disengagement during late-careers. Methods. Using two-wave panel data collected in 2001 and 2006-2007 among Dutch older workers, a scale was developed to measure work investments, activities, and motivation during late-careers. We estimated linear regression models (cross-sectional analyses; N = 1,614) and conditional change models (panel analyses; N = 596) to examine differences in scale scores, and changes of these scale scores (i.e., disengagement or re-engagement) over the studied period. Results. In line with the preretirement work disengagement process hypothesis, this study shows that many older employees disengage more from work when getting closer to their planned retirement age. Making promotion slows down the disengagement process. Declining health, in contrast, accelerates the process. Discussion. For achieving a comprehensive understanding of the retirement process, not only the lived past but also the anticipated future (i.e., expected time-left in the current state) should be taken into account.
Trade and inequality across local labor markets: The margins of adjustment

Empirical research has documented the importance of non-wage margins of adjustment in the response of local labor markets to trade shocks. To formalize this observation empirically, we decompose the differential impact of a trade shock across U.S. local labor markets (by labor group) on per capita labor income into wage, hours worked per employee, unemployment, and labor force participation margins of adjustment. Our results highlight the importance of heterogeneous treatment effects and quantify the relative importance of non-wage margins of adjustment. To understand the economic mechanisms generating observed effects of trade on regional inequality, we provide a unifying trade framework (featuring frictional unemployment and a labor/leisure tradeoff) and comparative static results across local labor markets by labor group and margin of adjustment. Our theory highlights the importance of heterogeneity in the elasticity of labor supply and the elasticity of matches to vacancies for understanding heterogeneous effects identified in empirical research. We recover these for each labor group by combining our empirical and theoretical results and show that our estimates are broadly in line with vast literatures in labor, public finance, and macroeconomics; where results differ, we suggest a path forward.
Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinomas and gastric stump carcinomas: a late event in gastric carcinogenesis

Background: To determine at what stage during gastric carcinogenesis Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) enters the gastric epithelial cells, the presence of EBV was investigated in two pathogenetically related but distinct forms of adenocarcinoma of the stomach—gastric carcinoma of the intact stomach (GCIS) and gastric stump carcinoma (GSC)—and their presumed precursor lesions. Patients and methods: Eleven patients with EBV positive GCIS and eight patients with EBV positive GSC, demonstrated by the highly sensitive EBV encoded RNA 1/2 (EBER1/2) RNA in situ hybridisation (RISH) technique, were studied. Paraffin wax embedded tissue available from preoperative gastric biopsies and tumour adjacent tissue from the resection specimens containing normal gastric mucosa, inflamed gastric mucosa, and preneoplastic lesions (intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia) was investigated by EBER1/2 RISH, in addition to EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: In both GCIS and GSC and their precursor lesions EBER1/2 transcripts were restricted to the carcinoma cells. In addition, positivity of EBNA-1 IHC was also restricted to the tumour cells. IHC for LMP-1 was negative in all cases tested. Conclusions: The absence of EBER1/2 transcripts in preneoplastic gastric lesions (intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia) and their presence in two distinct types of gastric carcinoma strongly suggest that EBV can only infect neoplastic gastric cells and thus is a late event in gastric carcinogenesis.
Fibromyalgia syndrome: metabolic and autophagic processes in intermittent cold stress mice

Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and depression. The aim was to analyze potential mitochondrial dysfunction or autophagy in mice after exposure to intermittent cold stress (ICS). Muscle and liver specimens were obtained from 36 mice. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured. Microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (MAP1LC3B) and glycogen content were determined histologically; muscle ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Mitochondrial‐ and autophagy‐related markers were analyzed by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. ATP level, cytotoxicity, and caspase 3 activity were measured in murine C2C12 myoblasts after ICS exposure. Coenzyme Q10B (COQ10B) transcript was up‐regulated in limb muscle of ICS mice, whereas its protein content was stable. Cytochrome C oxidase 4 (COX4I1) and LDH activity increased in limb muscle of male ICS mice. Glycogen content was lower in muscle and liver tissue of male ICS mice. Electron micrographs of ICS mice specimens showed mitochondrial damage and autophagic vesicles. A significant up‐regulation of autophagic transcripts of MAP1LC3B and BECLIN 1 (BECN1) was observed. Map1lc3b protein showed an aggregated distribution in ICS mice and SqSTM1/p62 (p62) protein level was stable. Furthermore, ATP level and caspase activity, detected as apoptotic marker, were significantly lowered after ICS exposure in differentiated C2C12 myoblasts. The present study shows that ICS mice are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagic processes, and metabolic alterations. Further investigations could dissect autophagy process in the proposed model and link these mechanisms to potential therapeutic options for fibromyalgia.
Euro Crisis or European Governance Crisis?

The European Monetary Union is an unprecedented event in economic history: it is based on an institutional model characterized by a combination of a single monetary policy, mandated by sovereign states to an independent supranational institution, the European Central Bank, and decentralized fiscal policies, subject to the fulfillment of constraints. This model has raised doubts and misgivings, the most relevant of which have focused on the costs of a single monetary policy address for countries that are different in terms of growth rates, inflationary pressures, public finance situations, labor market flexibility and balance of payments imbalances. The present difficulties of the EMU countries seem to confirm these doubts, fueling the conviction of a failure of the single currency and suggesting a return to national currencies. This article rejects the aforementioned conviction, arguing that the current crisis is not yet a euro crisis, but it is a crisis of the European governance, which has not been able to cope with the limits of the EMU construction. This conclusion is reached through the review of the international functions that the euro has carried out since its introduction to the present.
Environmental Controls of Reproduction and Early Growth of Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae)

ABSTRACT Lindera melissifolia is a federally endangered endemic shrub of the southeastern United States. Numerous populations are gender-biased. The goal of this study was to determine environmental conditions most appropriate for establishment and growth of seedlings and adult females. Seedlings were grown under varied moisture and light to compare growth rates and morphological ratios. Seedlings were clipped to simulate two levels of disturbance, and their shoot sprouting ability was assessed. Densities of adult flowering stems, co-occurring species, and solar transmittance were analyzed within two North Carolina populations. The lowest levels of light resulted in decreased growth, but light and moisture did not interact to affect seedling growth rate significantly. Morphological ratios and growth responses followed patterns expected for plants exhibiting plasticity in response to varied light levels, but not to moisture. Clipping immature plants below root collars decreased survivorship to 31%. Growth rates of new shoots when clipped below and above the root collar were 40% and 58% percent lower, respectively (p < 0.001). Percent cover of Lindera melissifolia explained 52% of the variation in the number of male flowering stems per plot and 14% of the variation in female stems per plot. No relation of stem density to percent transmittance was found. Indicator species analysis revealed association of males with facultative wetland species and a weak association of females with wetland obligates, but overall difference in vegetation composition between plots with or without females present was slight (MRPP: A = 0.02, p = 0.016). We concluded hydrology should be a primary concern for future studies.
PASSIVE TRANSFER OF TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY

Passive transfer of tritiated thymidine labeled lymphoid cells sensitized to homologous tissues into non-sensitized isologous hosts resulted in accelerated rejection of homologous skin grafts in the recipients. Despite 33 per cent label of the suspension, only rare labeled sensitized lymphoid cells could be found at the site of rejection. Passive transfer of sensitized lymphoid cells in millipore chambers implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in non-sensitized isologous hosts resulted in accelerated homograft rejection in the recipients. Transfer of transplantation immunity could not be accomplished with serum from sensitized hosts. The rejection of homologous tissues without the physical presence of the sensitized cell at the graft site suggested that a humoral agent produced by the cell was capable of rejecting the homograft.
Highly‐efficient gene transfer with retroviral vectors into human T lymphocytes on fibronectin

Genetically modified lymphocytes have been successfully used for correction of ADA deficiency in children and in controlling graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Low transduction efficiencies are, however, limiting for gene therapeutic strategies based on lymphocytes. In this study we compared protocols for highly efficient gene transfer into human T cells using retroviral vector‐containing supernatant. We showed that infection of both human primary T cells and CD4+ Jurkat cells is most efficient on the matrix component fibronectin. Transduction was carried out with a retroviral vector encoding both the human intracytoplasmatically truncated low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor (ΔLNGFR) as a gene transfer marker and the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase for negative selection. Based on ΔLNGFR expression genetically modified cells were enriched to near purity by magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Enriched cells could be shown to be highly sensitive to ganciclovir.
“Real-life” inhaled corticosteroid withdrawal in COPD: a subgroup analysis of DACCORD

Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receive inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) without a clear indication, and thus, the impact of ICS withdrawal on disease control is of great interest. DACCORD is a prospective, noninterventional 2-year study in the primary and secondary care throughout Germany. A subgroup of patients were taking ICS prior to entry – 1,022 patients continued to receive ICS for 2 years; physicians withdrew ICS on entry in 236 patients. Data from these two subgroups were analyzed to evaluate the impact of ICS withdrawal. Patients aged ≥40 years with COPD, initiating or changing COPD maintenance medication were recruited, excluding patients with asthma. Demographic and disease characteristics, prescribed COPD medication, COPD Assessment Test, exacerbations, and lung function were recorded. There were few differences in baseline characteristics; ICS withdrawn patients had shorter disease duration and better lung function, with 74.2% of ICS withdrawn patients not exacerbating, compared with 70.7% ICS-continued patients. During Year 1, exacerbation rates were 0.414 in the withdrawn group and 0.433 in the continued group. COPD Assessment Test total score improved from baseline in both groups. These data suggest that ICS withdrawal is possible with no increased risk of exacerbations in patients with COPD managed in the primary and secondary care.
Slovenian Micro Enterprises and eOpportunity Challenge

The paper investigates use of Internet in Slovenian micro enterprises, using data derived from 134 businesses. Data for the main study was collected via structured interviews with owners or top managers of micro enterprises between October and December 2009. The study showed that formal education of the manager and/or owner, his or her age, computer and IS knowledge and skills, size of the business (number of employees), the investments in hardware and software and level of Internet use (eBusiness, eBanking.) are positively associated with the micro enterprise success. Based on our survey and on the review of literature, recommendations have been given how to be more effective and efficient in introduction of eOpportunities to micro enterprises.
Inter-Industry Wage Differentials in Switzerland

This paper analyzes the Swiss inter-industry wage structure in the light of the current debate on the efficiency wage hypothesis. Results clearly indicate the presence of an industry component in the determinants of earnings in Switzerland. No definite conclusion emerges though as to the source of wage variation. The stability of the wage structure and the role of tenure point to the existence of "wage rents". However, these results may be severely biased if unobserved ability is used by firms to sort workers.
Foraging tactics in alternative heterochronic salamander morphs: trophic quality of ponds matters more than water permanency

SUMMARY 1. In lentic freshwater habitats, the composition of animal assemblages shifts along a gradient from temporary to permanent basins. When habitats with different degrees of permanence are at the scale of the home range of species, they constitute alternatives in terms of energy acquisition through feeding. 2. In this context, previous studies showed an advantage of metamorphic over paedomorphic tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) in temporary ponds which are only available to metamorphs. The aim of this study was to establish whether salamanders obtain similar benefits in ponds that do not differ in water permanence and whether salamanders shifted from detrimental to advantageous ponds. To this end, we determined the feeding habits, body condition and movement patterns of the two morphs in a complex of four permanent and four temporary ponds. 3. Consistent with previous studies, metamorphs consumed higher-quality diets than paedomorphs in term of energy intake. However, these differences occurred because metamorphs consumed fairy shrimp in a single temporary pond. Individual movement patterns confirmed that most of the metamorphs used different aquatic habitats both within and between years and that most of them moved from permanent ponds for breeding towards the most profitable temporary pond in terms of foraging. 4. These results indicate that habitat selection by salamanders is optimal in term of energy intake in metamorphs that use high quality ponds independently of hydroperiod. It seems that both spatial and temporal variation can influence the relative foraging success of each morph.
Novel vaginal drug delivery system: deformable propylene glycol liposomes-in-hydrogel

Abstract Deformable propylene glycol-containing liposomes (DPGLs) incorporating metronidazole or clotrimazole were prepared and evaluated as an efficient drug delivery system to improve the treatment of vaginal microbial infections. The liposome formulations were optimized based on sufficient trapping efficiencies for both drugs and membrane elasticity as a prerequisite for successful permeability and therapy. An appropriate viscosity for vaginal administration was achieved by incorporating the liposomes into Carbopol hydrogel. DPGLs were able to penetrate through the hydrogel network more rapidly than conventional liposomes. In vitro studies of drug release from the liposomal hydrogel under conditions simulating human treatment confirmed sustained and diffusion-based drug release. Characterization of the rheological and textural properties of the DPGL-containing liposomal hydrogels demonstrated that the incorporation of DPGLs alone had no significant influence on mechanical properties of hydrogels compared to controls. These results support the great potential of DPGL-in-hydrogel as an efficient delivery system for the controlled and sustained release of antimicrobial drugs in the vagina.
An Exploration of Paradox: High School and College Students' Self-Reported Motivations for Smoking.

This study explored experiential factors underlying cigarette smoking by administering a questionnaire consisting of the Rosenberg Selfesteem scale and items assessing smoking habits and motivations to 115 college students and 108 high school students. Directionally adjusted items were totaled to create summary scores for the four hypothesized motivational factors underlying smoking. Paired sample t-tests indicated the presence of significant differences between all possible factor combinations. The rankorder of these factors, in descending order were: relaxation effects, competence effects, stimulant effects, and image effects. A median split was used to divide participants into high and low self-esteem groups. Those with low self-esteem were more likely to report concerns about image as a reason for deciding to smoke. Examination of nonsmoker motivations revealed significant differences between the primary reason cited, health concerns, and all other reasons. Nonsmokers rated the following factors as similarly determinative of their decision to refrain: "don't want to lose control or become hooked", "don't want to disappoint people I care about", "don't like the taste", "against my values", "interferes with my athletic activities", "people in my family have had problems", and "costs too much. " These findings may facilitate the construction of more effective anti-smoking interventions. (Contains 38 references and 5 tables.) (Author/GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. An Exploration of Paradox: High School and College Students' Self-Reported Motivations for Smoking
Analysis of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors by bottom-up electron-transfer dissociation hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry

Until recently, one of the major limitations of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) was the peptide-level resolution afforded by proteolytic digestion. This limitation can be selectively overcome through the use of electron-transfer dissociation to fragment peptides in a manner that allows the retention of the deuterium signal to produce hydrogen/deuterium exchange tandem mass spectrometry (HDX-MS/MS). Here, we describe the application of HDX-MS/MS to structurally screen inhibitors of the oncogene phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic p110α subunit. HDX-MS/MS analysis is able to discern a conserved mechanism of inhibition common to a range of inhibitors. Owing to the relatively minor amounts of protein required, this technique may be utilised in pharmaceutical development for screening potential therapeutics.