Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of inflammation-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia is associated with the upregulation of extrasynaptic AMPA receptors in tonically firing lamina II dorsal horn neurons

Persistent peripheral inflammation changes AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking in dorsal horn neurons by promoting internalization of GluR2-containing, Ca2+-impermeable AMPARs from the synapses and by increasing insertion of GluR1-containing, Ca2+-permeable AMPARs in extrasynaptic plasma membrane. These changes contribute to the maintenance of persistent inflammatory pain. However, much less is known about AMPAR trafficking during development of persistent inflammatory pain and direct studies of extrasynaptic AMPARs functioning during this period are still lacking. Using Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced model of long-lasting peripheral inflammation, we showed that remarkable hyperalgesia and allodynia developes in 1–3 h after intraplantar CFA injection. By utilizing patch-clamp recording combined with Ca2+ imaging, we found a significant upregulation of extrasynaptic AMPARs in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the rat spinal cord 2–3 h after CFA injection. This upregulation was manifested as a robust increase in the amplitude of AMPAR-mediated currents 2–3 h post-CFA. These changes were observed specifically in SG neurons characterized by intrinsic tonic firing properties, but not in those that exhibited strong adaptation. Our results indicate that CFA-induced inflammation increases functional expression of extrasynaptic AMPARs in tonically firing SG neurons during development of pain hypersensitivity and that this increase may contribute to the development of peripheral persistent pain.
Graphene-Like ZnO: A Mini Review

The isolation of a single layer of graphite, known today as graphene, not only demonstrated amazing new properties but also paved the way for a new class of materials often referred to as two-dimensional (2D) materials. Beyond graphene, other 2D materials include h-BN, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), silicene, and germanene, to name a few. All tend to have exciting physical and chemical properties which appear due to dimensionality effects and modulation of their band structure. A more recent member of the 2D family is graphene-like zinc oxide (g-ZnO) which also holds great promise as a future functional material. This review examines current progress in the synthesis and characterization of g-ZnO. In addition, an overview of works dealing with the properties of g-ZnO both in its pristine form and modified forms (e.g., nano-ribbon, doped material, etc.) is presented. Finally, discussions/studies on the potential applications of g-ZnO are reviewed and discussed.
Epac1 links prostaglandin E2 to β-catenin-dependent transcription during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

In epithelial cells, β-catenin is localized at cell-cell junctions where it stabilizes adherens junctions. When these junctions are disrupted, β-catenin can translocate to the nucleus where it functions as a transcriptional cofactor. Recent research has indicated that PGE2 enhances the nuclear function of β-catenin through cyclic AMP. Here, we aim to study the role of the cyclic AMP effector Epac in β-catenin activation by PGE2 in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. We show that PGE2 induces a down-regulation of E-cadherin, promotes cell migration and enhances β-catenin translocation to the nucleus. This results in β-catenin-dependent gene transcription. We also observed increased expression of Epac1. Inhibition of Epac1 activity using the CE3F4 compound or Epac1 siRNA abolished the effects of PGE2 on β-catenin. Further, we observed that Epac1 and β-catenin associate together. Expression of an Epac1 mutant with a deletion in the nuclear pore localization sequence prevents this association. Furthermore, the scaffold protein Ezrin was shown to be required to link Epac1 to β-catenin. This study indicates a novel role for Epac1 in PGE2-induced EMT and subsequent activation of β-catenin.
Models-Based Practice in Physical Education: The Case for Sport Education

Purpose:This paper provides a potential roadmap for the future development of research on Sport Education. In the first part of the paper, research on each of the elements of competence, literacy and enthusiasm are reviewed, with the aim of providing evidence to support the idea that the model can achieve its goals. For each of these goals we provide some potential directions which we believe are important for moving research on Sport Education forward.Development:These avenues include more attention to appropriate practices for enhancing student-coach effectiveness, ways to enhance the development of more equitable and inclusive class environments within the model, as well as the potential transfer of Sport Education experiences to physical activity environments beyond physical education.Design:Research designs need to include how teachers and students give value and significance to what they teach and what they learn, respectively. This could be achieved through researchers considering more prolonged ac.
Engineering, technology and science disciplines and gender difference: a case study among Indian students

ABSTRACT It is proposed to examine the argument that females cannot perform better in engineering and science fields because of their poor mathematical or logical reasoning. The major reason for the reduced number of females in the above fields in India is the socio-cultural aversion towards females choosing the field and restriction in providing higher education for them by their parents. The present study shows that the females who get the opportunity to study engineering and science perform equal to or better than their male counterparts. An analysis of CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) of 2631 students who have completed their engineering or science programme in one of the top engineering colleges in India for five years shows that female academic performance is equal to or better than that of males. Mathematical, logical, verbal and mechanical reasoning are tested while calculating CGPA.
Different ways of knowing a child and their relations to mother-reported autonomy support

We considered how different forms of child knowledge (i.e., mothers’ reports of taking their child's perspective, their accurate knowledge in the form of precise predictions of their child's ratings regarding distress/comforting and compliance/discipline situations, and their perceived knowledge) are differentially associated with mother-reported autonomy support (i.e., providing meaningful rationales, providing choice, and acknowledging feelings; Koestner, Ryan, Bernieri, & Holt, 1984). Mothers and their children (141 dyads, M = 11 years old at Time 1) participated in a two-wave longitudinal study with assessments made two years apart. The only form of knowledge that predicted changes in autonomy support was perspective-taking. Autonomy support, in turn, indirectly predicted changes in distress/comforting accuracy through child-reported self-disclosure and directly predicted changes in perceived knowledge. These findings underline the importance of differentiating among forms of child knowledge in the study of socialization processes.
Multidimenional Evaluation of Longterm-Effects of Complex Teazhing-Learning

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Business Education; Curriculum Research; Demography; Economic Factors; *Educational Trends; Education Work Relationship; Evaluation Methods; Foreign Countries; Instructional Effectiveness; *Labor Market; Needs Assessment; Program Evaluation; *Relevance (Education); Research Needs; *Social Influences; Teaching Methods; Technological Advancement; Trend Analysis; *Vocational Education IDENTIFIERS Germany; *Megatrends
Transcutaneous Neuromodulation at Posterior Tibial Nerve and ST36 for Chronic Constipation

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of transcutaneous neuromodulation (TN) in patients with chronic constipation. Twelve patients were recruited. The treatment consisted of 2-week TN and 2-week sham-TN which was performed in a crossover design. Bowel habit diary, Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom (PAC-SYM), Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL), and anorectal motility were evaluated. Electrocardiogram was recorded for the assessment of autonomic function during acute TN therapy. It was found that (1) TN improved the frequency of spontaneous defecation. After 2-week TN therapy, 83% patients had more than 3 times bowel movements per week which was significantly different from sham-TN (P = 0.01). (2) TN improved PAC-SYM and PAC-QOL scores (P < 0.001, resp.). (3) TN significantly decreased the threshold volume to elicit RAIR (P < 0.05), ameliorated rectal sensory threshold (P = 0.04), and maximum tolerance (P = 0.04). (4) TN, but not sham-TN, increased the vagal activity (P = 0.01 versus baseline) and decreased the sympathetic activity (P = 0.01, versus baseline). It was concluded that needleless TN at posterior tibial nerve and ST36 using a watch-size stimulator is effective in chronic constipation, and the effect was possibly mediated via the autonomic mechanism.
Contested Hashtags: Blockupy Frankfurt in Social Media

This research starts from an activist-centric perspective and explores how different actors interfere in activist communication in social media. We pursue this inquiry through a case study of the Blockupy action against the opening of the European Central Bank headquarters in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, on March 18, 2015. The investigation combines an ethnographic inquiry into activists’ social media tactics with a social network analysis of Twitter hashtags to explore how these tactics materialize in social media. The inquiry enhances our understanding of the consequences of activists’ use of corporate social media by identifying actors, communication, and networks. Moreover, although activists define Twitter hashtags as theirs, our research shows increasing police use of them, hindering activists’ attempts to communicate alternative perspectives.
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia and severe atopic dermatitis: Open-label treatment with immunoglobulin in a case series

Background We reported on six infants between 5 and 11 months old, with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy and severe refractory atopic dermatitis, who were treated with open-label immunoglobulin (Ig) after conventional therapy failed. All six infants had an IgG level of <225 mg/dL, elevated eosinophil and IgE levels, and no urine or stool protein losses, but they did exhibit hypoalbuminemia. Objective To evaluate the utility of open-label immunoglobulin in infants with severe atopic dermatitis for whom conventional therapy failed. We reviewed the clinical utility of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, the most recent research in the field, and suggested mechanisms for its benefit. Methods The six infants were identified from a retrospective chart review at the University of California Los Angeles Allergy and Immunology outpatient pediatric clinic. Results All six patients were treated with 400 mg/kg/month of intravenous immunoglobulin and had normalization of their IgG and albumin levels, and all but one had clinically improved atopic dermatitis. Conclusion Infants with severe atopic dermatitis who did not respond to conventional therapy avoidance may benefit from intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
Linear and nonlinear stability of floating viscous sheets

Abstract We study the stability of a thin, Newtonian viscous sheet floating on a bath of denser fluid. We first derive a general set of equations governing the evolution of a nearly flat sheet, accounting for geometrical nonlinearities associated with moderate rotations. We extend two classical models by considering arbitrary external body and surface forces; these two models follow from different scaling assumptions, and are derived in a unified way. The equations capture two modes of deformation, namely viscous bending and stretching, and describe the evolution of thickness, mid-surface and in-plane velocity as functions of two-dimensional coordinates. These general equations are applied to a floating viscous sheet, considering gravity, buoyancy and surface tension. We investigate the stability of the flat configuration when subjected to arbitrary in-plane strain. Two unstable modes can be found in the presence of compression. The first one combines undulations of the centre-surface and modulations of the thickness, with a wavevector perpendicular to the direction of maximum applied compression. The second one is a buckling mode; it is purely undulatory and has a wavevector along the direction of maximum compression. A nonlinear analysis yields the long-time evolution of the undulatory mode.
Title : Ploidy and the Predictability of Evolution in Fisher ’ s Geometric Model Running Title : Ploidy and the Predictability of Evolution First

Predicting adaptive evolutionary trajectories is a primary goal of evolutionary biology. One can differentiate between forward and backward predictability, where forward predictability measures the likelihood of the same adaptive trajectory occurring in independent evolutions and backward predictability measures the likelihood of a particular adaptive path given the knowledge of starting and final states. Recent studies have attempted to measure both forward and backward predictability using experimental evolution in asexual haploid microorganisms. Similar experiments in diploid organisms have not been conducted. Here we simulate adaptive walks using Fisher’s Geometric Model in haploids and diploids and find that adaptive walks in diploids are less forwardand more backward-predictable than adaptive walks in haploids. We argue that the difference is due to the ability of diploids in our simulations to generate transiently stable polymorphisms and to allow adaptive mutations of larger phenotypic effect. As stable polymorphisms can be generated in both haploid and diploid natural populations through a number of mechanisms, we argue that inferences based on experiments in which adaptive walks proceed through succession of monomorphic states might miss many of the key features of adaptation. 2 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/001016 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Dec. 2, 2013;
Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial: Gluten versus Placebo Rechallenge in Patients with Lymphocytic Enteritis and Suspected Celiac Disease

Background The role of gluten as a trigger of symptoms in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity has been questioned. Aim To demonstrate that gluten is the trigger of symptoms in a subgroup of patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), which presented with lymphocytic enteritis, positive celiac genetics and negative celiac serology. Methods Double-blind randomized clinical trial of gluten vs placebo rechallenge. Inclusion criteria: >18 years of age, HLA-DQ2/8+, negative coeliac serology and gluten-dependent lymphocytic enteritis, and GI symptoms, with clinical and histological remission at inclusion. Eighteen patients were randomised: 11 gluten (20 g/day) and 7 placebo. Clinical symptoms, quality of life (GIQLI), and presence of gamma/delta+ cells and transglutaminase deposits were evaluated. Results 91% of patients had clinical relapse during gluten challenge versus 28.5% after placebo (p = 0.01). Clinical scores and GIQLI worsened after gluten but not after placebo (p<0.01). The presence of coeliac tissue markers at baseline biopsy on a gluten-free diet allowed classifying 9 out of the 18 (50%) patients as having probable ‘coeliac lite’ disease. Conclusion This proof-of-concept study indicates that gluten is the trigger of symptoms in a subgroup of patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for NCGS. They were characterized by positive celiac genetics, lymphocytic enteritis, and clinical and histological remission after a gluten-free diet. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02472704
Event Extraction from Biomedical Literature

The breadth and scope of the biomedical literature hinders a timely and thorough comprehension of its content. PubMed, the leading repository for biomedical literature, currently holds over 26 million records, and is growing at a rate of over 1.2 million records per year, with about 300 records added daily that mention ‘cancer’ in the title or abstract. Natural language processing (NLP) can assist in accessing and interpreting this massive volume of literature, including its quality NLP approaches to the automatic extraction of biomedical entities and relationships may assist the development of explanatory models that can comprehensively scan and summarize biomedical articles for end users. Users can also formulate structured queries against these entities, and their interactions, to mine the latest developments in related areas of interest. In this article, we explore the latest advances in automated event extraction methods in the biomedical domain, focusing primarily on tools participated in the Biomedical NLP (BioNLP) Shared Task (ST) competitions. We review the leading BioNLP methods, summarize their results, and their innovative contributions in this field.
Respiratory muscle strength effect on linear and nonlinear heart rate variability parameters in COPD patients

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a multisystemic inflammatory disease associated with extrapulmonary comorbidities, including respiratory muscle weakness and cardiovascular and cardiac autonomic regulation disorders. We investigated whether alterations in respiratory muscle strength (RMS) would affect cardiac autonomic modulation in COPD patients. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study done in ten COPD patients affected by moderate to very severe disease. The heart rate variability (HRV) signal was recorded using a Polar cardiofrequencimeter at rest in the sitting position (10 minutes) and during a respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver (RSA-M; 4 minutes). Linear analysis in the time and frequency domains and nonlinear analysis were performed on the recorded signals. RMS was assessed using a digital manometer, which provided the maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) and the maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax). Results During the RSA-M, patients presented an HRV power increase in the low-frequency band (LFnu) (46.9±23.7 vs 75.8±27.2; P=0.01) and a decrease in the high-frequency band (HFnu) (52.8±23.5 vs 24.0±27.0; P=0.01) when compared to the resting condition. Significant associations were found between RMS and HRV spectral indices: PImax and LFnu (r=−0.74; P=0.01); PImax and HFnu (r=0.74; P=0.01); PEmax and LFnu (r=−0.66; P=0.01); PEmax and HFnu (r=0.66; P=0.03); between PEmax and sample entropy (r=0.83; P<0.01) and between PEmax and approximate entropy (r=0.74; P=0.01). Using a linear regression model, we found that PImax explained 44% of LFnu behavior during the RSA-M. Conclusion COPD patients with impaired RMS presented altered cardiac autonomic control, characterized by marked sympathetic modulation and a reduced parasympathetic response; reduced HRV complexity was observed during the RSA-M.
Current challenges to research on animal-assisted interventions

ABSTRACT Studies of the effects of Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs) face a number of theoretical and practical challenges. Proposed theoretical processes for the effects of AAIs include those that address primarily the animal’s ability to facilitate human–human social engagement, those that emphasize animals’ apparent capacity to trigger social attachments and provide nonhuman social support, those that categorize certain animals as supernormal stimuli, those that advance a biophilia hypothesis that living organisms have an innate ability to attract and hold human attention, and those that promote an integrative biopsychosocial model. Each of these generates potentially testable hypotheses, and the field would benefit from systematic efforts to address their validity. Practical challenges to AAI research include issues of study design and methodology, the heterogeneity of both AAI recipients and the animals participating in these interventions, the welfare of these animals, and the unusual pressure from the public and media to report and publish positive findings. Such challenges need to be carefully considered in designing and implementing future studies in the field.
Myh Deficiency Enhances Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia (ApcMin/+) Mice

Monoallelic APC and biallelic MYH (homolog of Escherichia coli mutY) germ-line mutations are independently associated with a strong predisposition to colorectal adenomas and carcinoma in humans. Whereas mice heterozygous for mutant Apc develop intestinal tumors, mice homozygous for mutant Myh do not show increased tumor susceptibility. We analyzed the phenotype of ApcMin/+/Myh−/− mice and found that they developed significantly more adenomas in the small intestine than did ApcMin/+/Myh+/+ or ApcMin/+/Myh+/− mice (median 231 versus 151 versus 152). In the large bowel, ApcMin/+/Myh−/− mice showed significant increases in the number of aberrant crypt foci. In addition, ApcMin/+/Myh−/− mice developed an increased number of mammary tumors. Molecular analyses suggested that at least 19% of intestinal tumors from ApcMin/+/Myh−/− mice had acquired intragenic Apc mutations rather than allelic loss. Consistent with a defect in base excision repair, three intragenic Apc mutations in polyps without allelic loss from ApcMin/+/Myh−/− mice were shown to be G:C to T:A transversions which resulted in termination codons; no such mutations were found in polyps from ApcMin/+/Myh+/+ or ApcMin/+/Myh+/− mice. Tumors from ApcMin/+/Myh+/− mice harbored neither somatic mutations nor allelic loss at Myh. Thus, homozygous, but not heterozygous, Myh deficiency enhanced intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice. The excess small-bowel adenomas in ApcMin/+/Myh−/− mice, therefore, appear to be a model of MYH-associated polyposis in humans.
Targeted Advertising in Magazine Markets and the Advent of the Internet

This paper examines how the ability of traditional media firms to engage in targeted advertising has changed with the advent of the Internet. We find that the premium for reaching a homogeneous audience increases for magazines that have a companion website, as well as for those whose readers are more likely to be online. This indicates a complementarity between offline and online channels with respect to targeted advertising. We hypothesize that this result is driven by multihoming consumers who enhance the value of targeted advertising, in contrast to the usual assumption that multiple advertising messages are redundant. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.