Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Efficiency and Financial Stability

Abstract The authors study a simple model of an asset market with informed and non-informed agents. In the absence of non-informed agents, the market becomes information efficient when the number of traders with different private information is large enough. Upon introducing non-informed agents, the authors find that the latter contribute significantly to the trading activity if and only if the market is (nearly) information efficient. This suggests that information efficiency might be a necessary condition for bubble phenomena—induced by the behavior of non-informed traders—or conversely that throwing some sands in the gears of financial markets may curb the occurrence of bubbles.
Sharing #MeToo on Twitter: incidents, coping responses, and social reactions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine 2,102 #MeToo tweets and focuses on the content of the tweets and social reactions to these tweets. For a subsample of 912 tweets that included disclosures of sexual assault or harassment, the incident type and context, along with coping were also examined. Design/methodology/approach #MeToo tweets were retrieved from a 24 h time period immediately after the initial tweet prompting responses. Both sentiment analysis and content and context analyses were performed. Findings Although the overall sentiment of tweets indicated a negative tone, the majority of positive social reactions indicated validation and belief of survivors, offered emotional support and called for social change. Targets who disclosed generally described workplace harassment and assertive coping responses. Research limitations/implications Sentiment analysis can be limited given a lack of context. Not all targets using #MeToo shared details of their harassment or assault; those who did reported using more assertive coping responses than traditional samples of survivors. Practical implications Social media platforms offer unique opportunities for targets to share personal stories and receive emotional and social support they may not have access in-person. Social implications #MeToo provided targets with a groundswell of social and emotional support, along with a less frequent amount of backlash against the movement. Originality/value A multimethod approach was used with both sentiment analysis and text coding to examine #MeToo, allowing for a description of types of incidents shared, coping strategies and social reactions.
Brain Hemispheres Selectively Track the Expected Value of Contralateral Options

A main focus in economics is on binary choice situations, in which human agents have to choose between two alternative options. The classical view is that decision making consists of valuating each option, comparing the two expected values, and selecting the higher one. Some neural correlates of option values have been described in animals, but little is known about how they are represented in the human brain: are they integrated into a single center or distributed over different areas? To address this issue, we examined whether the expected values of two options, which were cued by visual symbols and chosen with either the left or right hand, could be distinguished using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The two options were linked to monetary rewards through probabilistic contingencies that subjects had to learn so as to maximize payoff. Learning curves were fitted with a standard computational model that updates, on a trial-by-trial basis, the value of the chosen option in proportion to a reward prediction error. Results show that during learning, left and right option values were specifically expressed in the contralateral ventral prefrontal cortex, regardless of the upcoming choice. We therefore suggest that expected values are represented in a distributed manner that respects the topography of the brain systems elicited by the available options.
Desynchronization of Fast-Spiking Interneurons Reduces β-Band Oscillations and Imbalance in Firing in the Dopamine-Depleted Striatum

Oscillations in the β-band (8–30 Hz) that emerge in the output nuclei of the basal ganglia during Parkinson's disease, along with an imbalanced activation of the direct and indirect pathways, have been linked to the hypokinetic motor output associated with the disease. Although dopamine depletion causes a change in cellular and network properties in the striatum, it is unclear whether abnormal activity measured in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata is caused by abnormal striatal activity. Here we use a computational network model of medium spiny neurons (MSNs)—fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs), based on data from several mammalian species, and find that robust β-band oscillations and imbalanced firing emerge from implementation of changes to cellular and circuit properties caused by dopamine depletion. These changes include a reduction in connections between MSNs, a doubling of FSI inhibition to D2 MSNs, an increase in D2 MSN dendritic excitability, and a reduction in D2 MSN somatic excitability. The model reveals that the reduced decorrelation between MSNs attributable to weakened lateral inhibition enables the strong influence of synchronous FSIs on MSN firing and oscillations. Weakened lateral inhibition also produces an increased sensitivity of MSN output to cortical correlation, a condition relevant to the parkinsonian striatum. The oscillations of FSIs, in turn, are strongly modulated by fast electrical transmission between FSIs through gap junctions. These results suggest that pharmaceuticals that desynchronize FSI activity may provide a novel treatment for the enhanced β-band oscillations, imbalanced firing, and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
Building Students’ Character Through Integrated Teaching Learning Activities at Madrassa

This research aimed to describe students’ character building through integrated teaching learning activities, supporting factors, and obstacles during the process. This research was conducted at Madrassa Aliyah Hasyim Asy’ari, Bangsri District, Jepara, Indonesia. It uses descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through interview, observation, and document. Results shows that character education at Madrassa aimed at reaching pious and having good characters and morals of students. Planning of character education is integrated in teaching and learning activities through the material of Islamic education on salaf books such as books of Jalalain, Bulugul Maram (al-Qur’an and al-Hadits lesson), Ta’lim Muta’alim (Al-Aqidah and Akhlaq), concept of Nahdlatul ‘Ulama (mujjah Ahlusunnah waljamaah). Actuating is through customising prayer, sholawat, praying together, social donation by students’ school organization, commemoration of Islamic Days, dhuha prayer, and maximizing role of guidance and counseling. The evaluation is conducted by observing the students’ behavior in journal of negative and positive behaviors. Supporting factors are the existence of ‘Ulama and Islamic scholars, the environment of boarding school, students’ confidence, and teachers’ trust. Obstacles are traumatic feeling of students, students’ openness, and lack of motivation, family problem, and environment. Keywords: character, building, teaching, learning, school
Health Problem Solving by Older Persons Using a Complex Government Web Site: Analysis and Implications for Web Design

A large number of health-related Web sites currently exist that offer consumers a wealth of information that can be used to enhance the quality of their lives. Much less attention has been given to Web sites that can support complex health-related problem solving, as opposed to more general information search activities, of user populations such as older adults. In this article, we expand on a prior usability study that examined the performance of 112 older adults who were asked to solve two problems using the U. S. government’s Medicare.gov Web site. The indications from that study were that older adults had difficulty carrying out these problem-solving tasks. This article illustrates, in the context of a case study, the use of a structured methodology for obtaining insights into Web site design issues that could make it difficult for healthcare consumers such as older adults to solve health-related problems. Initially, a number of Web design guidelines that have been developed for older users are presented. The argument is made that such checklist-type guidelines, though essential, are difficult to apply to complex Web-based problem-solving activities. Following a review of research in the area of Web-based health information seeking and problem-solving by older adults, the description and implementation of a methodology for aiding designers in anticipating cognitive demands that older users might confront during their problem-solving activities is presented. Detailed analysis of task performance is then presented to demonstrate that very few of the study participants were able to successfully negotiate the solution to the problem. The use of the methodology for identifying a number user-Web site interaction issues and for proposing recommendations particularly relevant to older users, and ultimately for enhancing the accessibility of health Web sites, is highlighted. Finally, a detailed framework is presented that is intended for guiding designers in the application of this methodology.
Young Globular Clusters in an old S0: Clues to the Formation History of NGC 4570

We here present our first attempt to use Globular Clusters as tracers of their parent galaxy’s formation history. Globular Cluster Systems of most early-type galaxies feature two peaks in their optical colour distributions. Blue-peak Globular Clusters are generally believed to be old and metal-poor. The ages, metallicities, and the origin of the red-peak Globular Clusters are being debated. We here present our analysis of the ages and metallicities of the red peak Globular Clusters in the Virgo S0 NGC 4570 using deep Ks-band photometry from NTT/SOFI (ESO program ID 079.B-0511) for the red-peak Globular Clusters in combination with HST-ACS archival data to break the age-metallicity degeneracy. We analyze the combined g, z, and Ks spectral energy distribution by comparison with a large grid of GALEV evolutionary synthesis models for star clusters with different ages and metallicities. This analysis reveals a substantial population of intermediate-age (1–3 Gyr) and metal-rich (� solar metallicity) Globular Clusters. We discuss their age and metallicity distributions together with information on the parent galaxy from the literature to gain insight into the formation history of this galaxy.
N-terminal acetylation of the yeast Derlin Der1 is essential for Hrd1 ubiquitin-ligase activity toward luminal ER substrates

Up to 70% of yeast proteins are N-terminally acetylated, but in few cases is the function known. The NatB Nα-acetyltransferase is essential for ER-associated degradation of luminal proteins (ERAD-L). Der1, an ERAD-L cofactor of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase, is acetylated by NatB and is the only N-acetylation substrate crucial to ERAD-L.
Optimal Routing and Hamiltonian Cycle in Petersen-Torus Networks

In this paper, we develop optimal routing algorithm and Hamiltonian cycle in Petersen-Torus network based on well-known Petersen graph. PT(m,n) is a regular graph where the number of nodes is 10 mn, the number of edges 20 mn and degree 4. Hamiltoinan cycle is made by using Hamiltonian path in Petersen graph. Optimal routing algorithm is made by using PT's diameter edge and node pairs.
Business Cycle Accounting for India in a Multi-Sector Dynamic General Equilibrium Model

The Indian economy’s remarkable growth experience since the last decade, which continues through today, has been a source of continuous empirical research. While several studies have been conducted in an attempt to explain the underlying triggers, general equilibrium analysis of growth using business cycle accounting is a new technique. The objective of this method is not only to figure out the primitives that have brought about the economic growth in India, but the channels through which these primitives were transmitted. This question is relevant since the liberalization policies in the decade of eighties and nineties are thought of as catalysts to growth. But did the policies affect productivity or did they reduce labor market frictions or did they lower investment friction in the economy? This paper provides answer to these questions by modeling the frictions as wedges or divergence from first-best conditions and feeding them in various combinations to see which of them can replicate data. The results indicate that primitives affected the Indian economy through productivity channels in all sectors, especially the service sector. Labor market frictions, investment frictions and government expenditures have limited role to play in enhancing growth. The multi-sector framework enriches the single sector analysis done before, by reflecting the sector where the impact of productivity has been the highest. Additionally, I look at the long-term “trend” component of growth and come to the same conclusion as that in the business cycle accounting exercise - the service sector productivity has been the primary transmission channel. The results obtained here emphasize the importance of the service sector productivity from a policy standpoint. Overall economic growth of the Indian economy has been propelled by the service sector and hence policies tailored towards enhancing the productivity of this particular sector are of immense importance.
Molecular Diagnostic Tools for Detection and Differentiation of Phytoplasmas Based on Chaperonin-60 Reveal Differences in Host Plant Infection Patterns

Phytoplasmas (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ spp.) are insect-vectored bacteria that infect a wide variety of plants, including many agriculturally important species. The infections can cause devastating yield losses by inducing morphological changes that dramatically alter inflorescence development. Detection of phytoplasma infection typically utilizes sequences located within the 16S–23S rRNA-encoding locus, and these sequences are necessary for strain identification by currently accepted standards for phytoplasma classification. However, these methods can generate PCR products >1400 bp that are less divergent in sequence than protein-encoding genes, limiting strain resolution in certain cases. We describe a method for accessing the chaperonin-60 (cpn60) gene sequence from a diverse array of ‘Ca.Phytoplasma’ spp. Two degenerate primer sets were designed based on the known sequence diversity of cpn60 from ‘Ca.Phytoplasma’ spp. and used to amplify cpn60 gene fragments from various reference samples and infected plant tissues. Forty three cpn60 sequences were thereby determined. The cpn60 PCR-gel electrophoresis method was highly sensitive compared to 16S-23S-targeted PCR-gel electrophoresis. The topology of a phylogenetic tree generated using cpn60 sequences was congruent with that reported for 16S rRNA-encoding genes. The cpn60 sequences were used to design a hybridization array using oligonucleotide-coupled fluorescent microspheres, providing rapid diagnosis and typing of phytoplasma infections. The oligonucleotide-coupled fluorescent microsphere assay revealed samples that were infected simultaneously with two subtypes of phytoplasma. These tools were applied to show that two host plants, Brassica napus and Camelina sativa, displayed different phytoplasma infection patterns.
Large Scale Analysis of the eDonkey P2P File Sharing System

This paper presents a general numerical method to evaluate the download times in a P2P file sharing application with linear time and memory requirements with respect to the number of different files shared in the system. As this number typically exceeds several million and as the dependencies between file download times grow exponentially with the number of files, this method is useful to study realistic size systems. We apply the method on a system of 20000 files using parameters observed on a real network. The resulting performance is discussed. We show how the method may be extended to take into account initial waiting times before download and present the resulting performance.
Antiproliferative Mechanisms of a Transcription Factor Decoy Targeting STAT3: the Role of STAT1*

From the Department of Clinical Oncology (V. W. Y. L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Departments of Pathology (A. L. B.), Otolaryngology (P. K., R. J. L., M. O., E. C., M. F., J. R. G.), Pharmacology (D. J., J. R. G.) and Medicine (D.J.), University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on February 26, 2007 as doi:10.1124/mol.106. 032284
Multivalued label diffusion for semi-supervised segmentation

Diffusion methods have proven their efficiency for tasks such as semi-supervised segmentation. The introduction of patches as a part of their speed function allows to deal with textured images. However, the computational burden with such variants stays too important for low-level tasks. In this paper, we propose a multivalued color-based potential function that partly alleviates this flaw. It allows to efficiently perform semi-supervised segmentation of natural and textured images.
Investigating the Impact of Leadership Behaviour on Conflict and Employee Engagement in Nigerian Universities

This study examines the impact of leadership behaviour on employee engagement in Nigerian universities using conflict as a moderating variable. It uses the quantitative method and a survey by questionnaire to collect perceptual data from a sample of 406 employees. Factor analyses reduce the study variables and generate eight empirical constructs: (1) Leadership behaviourTransactional, Managerial, Collegiate and Laissez-faire; (2) ConflictInterpersonal enmities and Career frustration; and (3) Employee EngagementMotivation and Satisfaction. Regression and path analyses reveal several direct and indirect relationships amongst the factor dimensions. All the leadership behaviours exercise direct impacts on the engagement categories, but with conflict as a moderator, the effects were watered down to nought. Sub-samples mean difference test results were not significant. Prior research has identified the positive impact of leadership behaviour on employee engagement but the attrition effect arising from conflict as a moderator variable was yet to receive significant attention.
Multidisciplinary stroke rehabilitation delivered by a humanoid robot: Interaction between speech and physical therapies

Background: A great number of stroke patients pursue rehabilitation services in multiple domains (e.g., speech, physical, occupational). Although multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to stroke rehabilitation are considered desirable, it is largely unknown how the intervention in one domain affects the progress in others. Aims: The current study investigated the interaction between speech therapy and physical therapy. Additionally, the feasibility of utilising a humanoid robot in stroke rehabilitation was described. Methods & Procedures: A 72-year-old male chronically challenged by aphasia and hemiparesis completed speech and physical therapy tasks in the sole condition (Speech Only, Physical Only) and in the sequential condition (Speech & Physical). The therapy activities were delivered by a humanoid robot. Outcomes & Results: Greater gains in speech and physical functions were obtained during the sole condition than in the sequential condition, suggesting a competitive interaction between speech and physical therapies. Conclusions: The cross-domain competition can be accounted for by fatigue, participant characteristics, and task characteristics. Objective data on speech and physical functions and subjective data on perceived quality of life indicate positive outcomes in this single case. These findings warrant further research on the feasibility and utility of humanoid robots in stroke rehabilitation.
Disturbance Analysis of Nonlinear Differential Equation Models of Genetic SUM Regulatory Networks

Noise disturbances and time delays are frequently met in cellular genetic regulatory systems. This paper is concerned with the disturbance analysis of a class of genetic regulatory networks described by nonlinear differential equation models. The mechanisms of genetic regulatory networks to amplify (attenuate) external disturbance are explored, and a simple measure of the amplification (attenuation) level is developed from a nonlinear robust control point of view. It should be noted that the conditions used to measure the disturbance level are delay-independent or delay-dependent, and are expressed within the framework of linear matrix inequalities, which can be characterized as convex optimization, and computed by the interior-point algorithm easily. Finally, by the proposed method, a numerical example is provided to illustrate how to measure the attenuation of proteins in the presence of external disturbances.
Curfew: An Answer to Juvenile Delinquency and Victimization? Juvenile Justice Bulletin.

Many jurisdictions have implemented curfews in reaction to increased juvenile delinquency and other social trends. This bulletin explores developments in curfew ordinances, legal issues related to curfews, how community based jurisdictions have responded to these issues, and the elements of sound curfew programs as illustrated in seven jurisdictions. Of 200 large cities (population of 100,000 or greater in 1992), 47% had curfews in effect on January 1, 1990, and 53 additional cities implemented curfews between 1990 and spring 1995. In that same time, 37 of the 93 cities with an existing curfew ordinance revised their existing curfew ordinances. To pass constitutional scrutiny, curfew provisions must demonstrate a compelling state interest and ensure that the curfew restrictions are tailored to the law's objective. The seven cities whose curfew provisions are discussed enacted their ordinances pursuant to specific authorizing state legislation. Each of these jurisdictions collected data on juvenile crime and victimization before passing a curfew ordinance, and each then applied a unique and innovative approach to addressing both juvenile crime and youth victimization through a curfew. Each program includes one or more of a set of common elements that include curfew centers, interventions and referrals, procedures for repeat offenders, recreation and job programs, antidrug and antiaging programs and hotlines for and followup services and crisis intervention. Programs are reviewed for: (1) Dallas (Texas); (2) Phoenix (Arizona); (3) Chicago (Illinois); (4) New Orleans (Louisiana); (5) Denver (Colorado); (6) North Little Rock (Arkansas); and (7) Jacksonville (Florida). It is important that communities considering curfews be aware of legal developments and challenges, establish a firm foundation for the ordinance, and model the programs after successful efforts in other cities. (Contains 2 tables and a list of 12 sources for additional reading.) (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************