Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Memory for stories in language-impaired children

ABSTRACT Memory for content, or gist recall, was studied in groups of normal and language-impaired children, matched on age and sex, using a story recall task. The children were pretested for their ability to comprehend individual sentences in the stories. Following a practice session, two test stories were read to each child and oral recall was requested immediately after each story. The content of the recall protocols was analyzed into propositions and scored for accuracy, organization, and temporal ordering. The results showed that the groups differed primarily in the amount of accurate recall, with the language-impaired group recalling considerably less than the normal group. It was concluded that language-impaired children do exhibit deficits in gist recall for material which is within their linguistic grasp.
Ca(2+) sensitivity of fetal coronary arteries exposed to long-term, high-altitude hypoxia.

OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of decreased calcium responsiveness of fetal coronary arteries to decreased contractile responses to potassium and the thromboxane A(2) analogue U46619 in these arteries after exposure to chronic hypoxemia. METHODS Concentration-response curves to Ca(2+) in beta-escin-permeabilized left circumflex (LCx), left anterior descending (LAD), and right coronary artery (RCA) rings from high-altitude (HA) and control (CON) fetuses were measured. In a second set of beta-escin-permeabilized coronary artery rings, the effect of U46619 on Ca(2+) sensitivity was tested. RESULTS Maximum Ca(2+)-activated force (T(max)) was decreased in HA LCx (CON 0.091+/-0.010 versus HA 0.057+/-0.006 g/cm(2); P<. 05) and HA LAD (CON 0.065+/-0.012 versus HA 0.031+/-0.007 g/cm(2); P <. 05). No significant difference was observed in the RCA. There was no change in the pD(2) (-log EC(50)) values between CON and HA coronary rings. The Ca(2+) sensitizing effect of U46619 on submaximal Ca(2+)-activated force was lower only in the HA LCx (CON 0.044+/-0.010 versus HA 0.023+/-0.006 g/cm(2) at 10(-5) mol/L; P<. 05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that maximum tension development in response to Ca(2+) was decreased in the HA LCx and LAD but not the RCA; however, Ca(2+) sensitivity of the contractile apparatus was unaltered in all of them. Decreased Ca(2+) responsiveness may partially explain the decreased contractile capability of fetal LCx and LAD during long-term, high-altitude intrauterine hypoxemia.
Imaging synucleinopathies

In this review the structural and functional imaging changes associated with the synucleinopathies PD, MSA, and dementias associated with Lewy bodies are reviewed. The role of imaging for supporting differential diagnosis, detecting subclinical disease, and following disease progression is discussed and its potential use for monitoring disease progression is debated. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Training Binary Multilayer Neural Networks for Image Classification using Expectation Backpropagation

Compared to Multilayer Neural Networks with real weights, Binary Multilayer Neural Networks (BMNNs) can be implemented more efficiently on dedicated hardware. BMNNs have been demonstrated to be effective on binary classification tasks with Expectation BackPropagation (EBP) algorithm on high dimensional text datasets. In this paper, we investigate the capability of BMNNs using the EBP algorithm on multiclass image classification tasks. The performances of binary neural networks with multiple hidden layers and different numbers of hidden units are examined on MNIST. We also explore the effectiveness of image spatial filters and the dropout technique in BMNNs. Experimental results on MNIST dataset show that EBP can obtain 2.12% test error with binary weights and 1.66% test error with real weights, which is comparable to the results of standard BackPropagation algorithm on fully connected MNNs.
Sequences and Cycles in Social Interaction

Studies of group interaction identify several behavioral regularities. Actors reciprocate others'behavior, influence one another, and allocate rewards to reflect emergent hierarchies. Patterns vary based on internal group dynamics and on attributes such as gender, race, or task skill. An issue that has received little attention-the dynamic embedded in these emergent interaction patterns-is the focus of this article. The analysis employs fundamental interaction sequences which include patterns of questioning, answering, and rewarding. Understanding sequences increases understanding of emergent interaction patterns reflected in cycles of interchange patterns. Data from 70 task groups were coded to reveal sequences of interaction. Questions asked correlated with answers given and rewards received. Reciprocity between actors in initiating and receiving answers, as well as initiating and receiving positive and negative rewards, is also common. Thesefindings help link studies of interaction processes and of social structures.
The ties that bind? : the practice of supervised community treatment in English mental health services

The treatment and control of individuals with severe mental health difficulties in the community has long been positioned as a problem in need of a solution. This thesis investigates one recently introduced ‘solution’ in English mental health services - community treatment orders (CTOs) - enacted under the Mental Health Act (2007). CTOs work by imposing conditions on how service users live in the community, as well as allowing for them to be recalled for treatment in hospital if they fail to meet these conditions, and/or they are deemed to be a risk to themselves or others. Their introduction has brought with it debate on the ethical implications of extending compulsory treatment into the community, with opinion on their use strongly divided. This thesis aims to get beyond such dichotomous positioning to uncover the potentially multiple and complex ways CTOs are conceptualised, interpreted and used by practitioners and service users, and with what consequences. An ethnographic approach is taken to explore ‘inside’ CTO practice within two Mental Health Trusts, through observations of everyday CTO processes, interviews with practitioners and service users, and document analysis of policy and practice-related sources. In this way a dual analysis is formed which gives a generative explanation of the pathways a CTO might take, and describes how service users and practitioners experience and respond to CTOs as a compulsory intervention. This analysis is guided and deepened by a combined critical realist-governmentality framework, which informs an understanding of why it is CTOs unfold as they do, and how they regulate conduct and encourage self-regulation through assemblages of coercive, disciplinary and reflexive forms of power. As will be shown, a number of distinctive conclusions can be drawn about CTO policy and practice relating to: the gaps and continuities between policy theorisation, practice-level conceptualisation and CTOs in action; the constituting power of agency and interaction alongside institutional and cultural factors in shaping various CTO outcomes; the complex and often ambiguous reactions of practitioners and service users to CTO ends and means as connected to ethical self-work; and the mixed, sometimes unexpected and unintended consequences of CTO use.
Sun-Care Product Advertising in Parenting Magazines: What Information Does It Provide About Sun Protection?

This study analyzed the content of sun-care product advertisements in five major U.S. parenting magazines with high circulation: Family Circle, Parents, Family Fun, Parenting (Early Years), and Parenting (School Years). The study examined what information sun-care product advertisements tell parents about skin cancer prevention and about sunscreen use for themselves or for their children based on the Health Belief Model concepts of perceived benefits and perceived barriers. Results showed that the most commonly mentioned benefit of the product was that it blocks ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. One-third of the ads promoted the product's effectiveness in overcoming four of the barriers that prevent people from using sunscreens: eye irritation, skin irritation, an unpleasant smell, and the need to reapply sunscreen too often or after physical activity. However, only a few of the ads provided information about the consequences of unprotected sun exposure or mentioned methods of sun protection or skin cancer prevention other than sunscreen use. We discuss the implications of these messages for parents' ability to understand correctly how to protect their children from damaging sun exposure.
EFFECTS OF QUESTIONNAIRE LENGTH, RESPONDENT-FRIENDLY DESIGN, AND A DIFFICULT QUESTION ON RESPONSE RATES FOR OCCUPANT-ADDRESSED CENSUS MAIL SURVEYS

An experimental study of alternatives to the current U.S. decennial census questionnaire shows that shortening the questionnaire and respondent-friendly questionnaire design improve response, whereas asking a potentially difficult and/or objectionable question, that is, social security number, lowers response. This national study of 17000 household addresses also desmonstrates that relatively high mail survey response can be achieved without addressing correspondence to individual names of residents
Comparison of real-time ultrasound and other live measures to carcass measures as predictors of beef cow energy stores.

Thirty-nine mature cows were divided into three condition groups on the basis of their subcutaneous fat thickness as determined by real-time ultrasound. A representative animal from each group was measured and slaughtered. The remaining cows with each group were stratified evenly into two groups with one group fed to gain weight and the other to lose weight. Several ultrasound and other live measures were taken every 4 wk and two animals per subgroup were randomly slaughtered. Carcass data were collected and one side of each carcass was boned, ground, mixed, and subsampled for fat and protein determination. Four regression equations were generated to predict percentage of fat (FAT), percentage of protein (PROT), total fat (TOTFAT), total protein (TOTPROT), total calories (CAL), CAL per live weight (CAL/WT), yield grade (YG), and marbling (MARB). The first equation used all live measures (SUB), the second equation used only objective live measures (OBJ), the third equation incorporated traditional live measures (EAS), and the fourth equation used only carcass data (CAR). Adjusted R-squares of the most appropriate equation using the SUB, OBJ, EAS, and CAR measurements were . 82, . 73, . 82, and . 82 for FAT; . 82, . 57, . 61, and . 66 for PROT; . 89, . 87, . 86, and . 85 for TOTFAT; . 95, . 95, . 93, and . 74 for TOTPROT; . 93, . 92, . 91, and . 90 for CAL; . 83, . 78, . 83, and . 82 for CAL/WT; . 86, . 86, . 78, and . 93 for YG; and . 75, . 70, . 74, and . 74 for MARB, respectively. It seems that condition score or ultrasound with other objective live measures is as accurate in predicting cow composition as carcass measures.
Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of low-dose vasopressin infusions in vasodilatory septic shock

ObjectiveTo investigate the physiologic effects of exogenous vasopressin as a potential alternative to traditional high-dose catecholamine therapy for septic patients with vascular hyporeactivity to catecholamines. DesignProspective, case-controlled study. SettingIntensive care unit of a university hospital. PatientsVasopressin was infused in 16 critically ill septic patients who remained persistently hypotensive despite infusions of pharmacologic doses of catecholamines. InterventionContinuous intravenous infusion of vasopressin at 0.04 units/min for 16 hrs, in place of escalating the amount of catecholamines being infused. Measurements and Main Results After administration of vasopressin, systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure were immediately and significantly increased in comparison with the values obtained just before vasopressin. When the vasopressin infusions were discontinued, mean arterial pressure decreased immediately and dramatically. We did not detect any obvious adverse cardiac effects during the vasopressin infusions. Vasopressin had no effect on other hemodynamic parameters or any of the metabolic parameters studied, including measures of oxygenation, plasma glucose, or electrolytes. Urine output increased significantly during the administration of vasopressin, although this effect may be nonspecific. Lactate concentrations decreased, particularly in the survival group, but the decreases were not significant. Overall survival was 56%. ConclusionsLow-dose vasopressin infusions increased mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and urine output in patients with vasodilatory septic shock and hyporesponsiveness to catecholamines. The data indicate that low-dose vasopressin infusions may be useful in treating hypotension in these patients.
The Activation of Effect Codes in Response Preparation: New Evidence from an Indirect Priming Paradigm

Evidence for the anticipation of environmental effects as an integral part of response planning comes mainly from experiments in which the effects were physically presented. Thus, in these studies it cannot be excluded that effect codes were activated during response preparation only because the effects were displayed as external stimuli before response execution. In order to provide more clear-cut evidence for the anticipation of response effects in action planning, we performed a series of three experiments using a new paradigm, where displaying effect codes before the response was avoided. Participants first learned arbitrary effects of key-pressing responses. In the following test phase they were instructed to execute a response only if a Go stimulus was presented after a variable stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The Go stimulus was either compatible or incompatible with the effect, but independent of the response. In Experiment 1 we tested the paradigm with two responses and two effects. We found a significant compatibility effect: If the Go stimulus was compatible with the response effect, responses were initiated faster than in incompatible trials. In Experiment 2 response effects were only present in the acquisition phase, but not in the test phase. The compatibility effect disappeared, indicating that the results of Experiment 1 were indeed related to the anticipation of the forthcoming response effects. In Experiment 3 we extended this paradigm by using a larger number of stimuli and response alternatives. Again we found a robust compatibility effect, which can only be explained if the effect representations are active before response execution. The compatibility effects in Experiments 1 and 3 did not depend on the SOA. The fact that the Go stimulus affected response preparation at any time indicates that the role of effect anticipation is not limited to response selection.
Dissecting the role of milk components on gut microbiota composition

The composition of human milk is tailored to contribute to the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of newborns and infants. Importantly, human milk contains the antimicrobial compounds lysozyme and lactoferrin that are thought to contribute to the formation of a health-promoting microbiota. As these protective factors are lacking in the milk of dairy animals, we genetically engineered goats expressing human lysozyme in their milk and have recently reported a new animal model to dissect out the role of milk components on gut microbiota formation. Using the pig as a more human-relevant animal model, we demonstrated that consumption of lysozyme-rich milk enriched the abundance of bacteria associated with GI health and decreased those associated with disease, much like human milk. This work demonstrated that the pig is a valid animal model for gut microbiome studies on the effects of dietary components on microbiota composition, host-microbe interactions and state of the intestine.
Sequential Management with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist and Dienogest of Endometriosis-Associated Uterine Myoma and Adenomyosis

Uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis represent the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system (Levy, 2008; Parker, 2007; Sankaran & Manyonda, 2008). These tumors are estrogen dependent, develop during the reproductive period, and are suppressed with menopause. Traditional treatments for myomas and adenomyosis have been various types of surgical techniques. Medical management of these tumors is an approach that has been used recently and is attractive for many gynecologists because of its relative ease and lack of complications (pelvic organ adhesion) compared with surgery. Indications for therapy are similar to those for surgical removal of these tumors and focus on preserving fertility and/or the patient’s desire to maintain her uterus. Medications used include androgens, antiprogestogens (mifepristone), raloxifen, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) (Levy, 2008; Parker, 2007; Sankaran & Manyonda, 2008; Schweppe, 1999). At present, considering efficiency and safety issues, none of the above agents obtained adequate popularity except for GnRHa. However, GnRHa also have disadvantages including bone loss and menopausal symptoms. The effect of GnRHa is transient and reversal of estrogen deprivation occurs soon after discontinuation of the GnRHa and most myoma and adenomyosis returns to their initial size within several months after discontinuation.
Cellular phenotypes of differentiated‐type adenocarcinomas and precancerous lesions of the stomach are dependent on the genetic pathways

To elucidate the relationship between genetic alterations and cellular phenotypes in differentiated‐type carcinomas and precancerous lesions of the stomach, mutations of p53, APC and K‐ras genes were examined, as well as microsatellite instability (MSI), in 52 tumours of the stomach. Tumours were selected with the following phenotypical features, using mucin histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses, in addition to their morphological features: (1) tumours with an extremely well‐preserved gastric foveolar phenotype (foveolar‐type); (2) tumours with an extremely well‐preserved complete‐type intestinal metaplastic phenotype (CIM‐type); and (3) ordinary tumours without extreme phenotypes (ordinary‐type). MSI occurred in 45% of foveolar‐type, 24% of ordinary‐type, and 0% of CIM‐type tumours. p53 gene alterations occurred in 5% of foveolar‐type, 18% of ordinary‐type, and 31% of CIM‐type. APC gene alterations were detected in 9% of foveolar‐type, 6% of ordinary‐type, and 0% of CIM‐type. No K‐ras gene mutation was detected in any of the three types. These results indicate that the genetic pathways are quite different among the phenotypes of tumours of the stomach. The ‘mutator pathway’, characterized by MSI, plays an important role in the tumourigenesis of foveolar‐type, but not CIM‐type tumours. The ‘suppressor pathway’, represented by p53 alteration, could participate in the tumourigenesis of the CIM‐type, but is rare in foveolar‐type tumours. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VARIETIES OF FALSE MEMORY

False memories have been described in many different contexts, but their characteristics and underlying mechanisms have seldom been compared or debated. Those reviewed in the present paper include: spontaneous confabulation in brain disease, false recognition cases, delusional memories and other delusions in psychosis, “confabulations” in schizophrenia, “internalised” false confessions for crime, apparently false or distorted memories for child abuse, pseudologia fantastica, the acquisition of new identities or “scripts” following fugue or in multiple personality, and momentary confabulation in healthy subjects. It is suggested that these should be viewed as different types of false memory, and that confabulations and delusions should be kept conceptually distinct. However, they can all be characterised within a general model of memory and executive function, provided that social factors and some notion of “self” (here called a “personal semantic belief system”) are included in the model.
Las Actitudes del Profesorado hacia el Alumnado con Necesidades Educativas Especiales

En nuestra investigacion el interes se centra en conocer cuales son las actitudes del profesorado hacia la integracion de alumnos con n.e. e. en su aula. Para ello utilizamos una metodologia cualitativa, enfoque interpretativo, una entrevista semiestructurada a 40 profesores. Los resultados que encontramos que las especialidades que manifiestan las actitudes mas positivas hacia la integracion son Educacion Especial, Audicion y Lenguaje, los profesores de Pedagogia Terapeutica y los de Educacion Musical. Las actitudes mas negativas se centran en los profesores de Educacion Infantil y los de Lengua Extranjera. Mostrando actitudes ambivalentes los profesores de Educacion Primaria y Educacion Fisica. En general, todos los profesores creen que la integracion en esencia es una buena idea pero en su practica diaria encuentran muchas dificultades.
Self-maintenance therapy in Alzheimer's disease

A short-term residential treatment programme designed to prepare patients with dementia and caregivers for life with a progressive disease was evaluated in a one group pretest–posttest design. The multicomponent programme included: (1) intensive rehabilitation for patients, based on the concept of Self-Maintenance Therapy, and (2) an intervention programme for caregivers. The results showed a consistent improvement in patients' depression and in other psychopathological symptoms, which can be seen as directly beneficial for patients. Following treatment, caregivers also felt less depressed, less mentally fatigued and restless, and more relaxed. Controlled studies are needed to support the preliminary results presented and to address hypotheses about factors responsible for benefits as well as for treatment resistance. The concept of Self-Maintenance Therapy allowed the prediction that experiences that are in accordance with patients' self-structures and processes support patients' well-being, reduce psychopathological symptoms, and facilitate social participation.