Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining Functional Relations in Multivariate Oceanographic Systems: Model II Multiple Linear Regression

AbstractA method for estimating multivariate functional relationships between sets of measured oceanographic, meteorological, and other field data is presented. Model II regression is well known for describing functional relationships between two variables. However, there is little accessible guidance for the researcher wishing to apply model II methods to a multivariate system consisting of three or more variables. This paper describes a straightforward method to extend model II regression to the case of three or more variables.The multiple model II procedure is applied to an analysis of the optical spectral scattering coefficient measured in the coastal ocean. The spectral scattering coefficient is regressed against both suspended mineral particle concentration and suspended organic particle concentration. The regression coefficients from this analysis provide adjusted estimates of the mineral particle scattering cross section and the organic particle scattering cross section. Greater accuracy and effic.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ic gene from Serratia marcescens

The DNA sequence of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ic gene from Serratia marcescens, which had been previously cloned (H. M. Champion, P. M. Bennett, D. A. Lewis, and D. S. Reeves, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 22:587-596, 1988) was determined. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of extracts prepared from Escherichia coli carrying the chromosomal aac(6')-Ic gene on a plasmid confirmed the presence of 6'-N-acetyltransferase activity in this strain, which was suggested by the aminoglycoside resistance profile. DNA sequence analysis of the cloned 2,057-bp PstI fragment revealed several regions of homology to previously characterized sequences from GenBank, including the rpoD and tRNA-2 genes of E. coli. Subcloning experiments confirmed the coding sequence of the aac(6')-Ic gene to be at positions 1554 to 1992. The predicted amino acid sequence of the AAC(6')-Ic protein suggested that it was the third member of a family of AAC(6') proteins which included a coding region identified between the aadB and aadA genes of Tn4000 and an AAC(6') protein encoded by pUO490, which was isolated from Enterobacter cloacae. Primer extension analysis suggested that the -35 region of the aac(6')-Ic promoter overlapped a large palindromic sequence which may be involved in the regulation of the aac(6')-Ic gene. Hybridization experiments utilizing a restriction fragment from the aac(6')-Ic gene showed that all S. marcescens organisms carried this gene whether or not the AAC(6')-I resistance profile was expressed. Organisms other than Serratia spp. did not hybridize to this probe.
Putting it all in the trunk: incremental software development in the FreeBSD open source project

Abstract. Software development in the FreeBSD project is incremental in the sense that a stream of contributions, including bugfixes and minor and major new features, go into a single branch in the repository, the development branch (or ‘trunk’), and are required to preserve the software in a working state. This creates a succession of development releases, akin to the practice of frequent releasing argued by Eric S. Raymond in his essay ‘The Cathedral and the Bazaar’ to be the key to the success of Linux and other open source projects. The positive and negative impact of this approach is discussed based on a survey involving 72 project participants. On the positive side, the data indicate that it creates a highly motivating ‘see bug, fix bug, see bug fixed in new release’ life cycle, and helps integrate bugfixing with new development. On the negative side, the data indicates that the highly incremental model does not support the development of complex new features.
Identification of candidate genes for lung cancer somatic mutation test kits

Over the past three decades, mortality from lung cancer has sharply and continuously increased in China, ascending to the first cause of death among all types of cancer. The ability to identify the actual sequence of gene mutations may help doctors determine which mutations lead to precancerous lesions and which produce invasive carcinomas, especially using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. In this study, we analyzed the latest lung cancer data in the COSMIC database, in order to find genomic “hotspots” that are frequently mutated in human lung cancer genomes. The results revealed that the most frequently mutated lung cancer genes are EGFR, KRAS and TP53. In recent years, EGFR and KRAS lung cancer test kits have been utilized for detecting lung cancer patients, but they presented many disadvantages, as they proved to be of low sensitivity, labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this study, we constructed a more complete catalogue of lung cancer mutation events including 145 mutated genes. With the genes of this list it may be feasible to develop a NGS kit for lung cancer mutation detection.
Application of Bayesian Neural Networks in High Energy Physics Experiments

Some applications of Bayesian neural networks (BNN) in the high energy physics experiments are described in the present paper. They are the applications of BNN to particle identification in the second generation of BEijing Spectrometer experiment (BESII), event identification and event reconstruction in reactor neutrino experiments and supernova location in scintillator detector experiments, respectively. Compared to traditional method, better results are obtained in those experiments using BNN. So we believe that BNN can be also well applied to other fields in other experiments for the high energy physics.
Risk Factors for Gallstone Formation in Resected Gastric Cancer Patients

AbstractPrevious studies reported increased incidence of gallstone formation after gastrectomy. However, there were few reports about factors other than surgical technique. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spectrum of risk factors of gallstone formation after gastrectomy.From June 2003 to December 2008, 1480 patients who underwent gastrectomy due to gastric cancer but had no gallstones before surgery were identified. Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Gallstones were assessed by computerized tomography or ultrasound performed as surveillance for recurrence.There were 987 men (66.7%) and the median age was 59.0 years. The median follow-up period was 47.0 months. According to the surgical technique, 754 (50.9%), 459 (31.1%), and 267 (18.0%) underwent subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth I (STG B-I) and Billroth II (STG B-II) anastomosis, and total gastrectomy (TG). Within the follow-up period, gallstone formation occurred in 106 of 1480 patients (7.2%), the only 9 patients (0.6%) experienced symptomatic cholecystitis. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04), male (1.65, 1.02–2.67), diabetes mellitus (2.15, 1.43–3.24), ≥4% decrease of body mass index after surgery (1.66, 1.02–2.70), STG B-II (1.63, 1.03–2.57), and TG (2.35, 1.43–3.24) compared with STG B-I were associated with gallstone formation. Common bile duct stone formation occurred in 20 of 1480 patients (1.4%) and was only associated with gallstones.After gastrectomy, there were considerable numbers of patients with newly developed gallstones; however, prophylactic cholecystectomy should not be routinely recommended. Gastrectomy (STG B-II or TG), old age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, and decreased body mass index were associated with gallstones.
Chromatic Polynomials of Mixed Hypercycles

Abstract We color the vertices of each of the edges of a C-hypergraph (or cohypergraph) in such a way that at least two vertices receive the same color and in every proper coloring of a B-hypergraph (or bihypergraph), we forbid the cases when the vertices of any of its edges are colored with the same color (monochromatic) or when they are all colored with distinct colors (rainbow). In this paper, we determined explicit formulae for the chromatic polynomials of C-hypercycles and B-hypercycles
Increased risk of HIV-infection among school-attending orphans in rural Zimbabwe

Abstract In Zimbabwe around 1.1 million children have been orphaned due to AIDS. We conducted a survey among school-attending youth in rural south-eastern Zimbabwe in 2003, and examined the association between orphaning and risk of HIV. We enrolled 30 communities in three provinces. All students attending Year 2 of secondary school were eligible. Each completed a questionnaire and provided a finger-prick blood specimen for testing for HIV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies. Female participants were tested for pregnancy. Six thousand seven hundred and ninety-one participants were recruited (87% of eligible); 35% had lost one or both parents (20% of participants had lost their father; 6% their mother; and 9% both parents). Orphans were not poorer than non-orphans based on reported access to income, household structure and ownership of assets. There was strong evidence that orphans, and particularly those who had lost both parents, were at increased sexual risk, being more likely to have experienced early sexual debut; to have been forced to have sex; and less likely to have used condoms. Fifty-one students were HIV positive (0.75%). Orphans were three times more likely to be HIV infected than non-orphans (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.8–6.6). Over 60% of those HIV positive were orphaned. Among school-going youth, the rates of orphaning were very high; there was a strong association between orphaning and increased risk of HIV, and evidence of greater sexual risk taking among orphans. It is essential that we understand the mechanisms by which orphaned children are at increased risk of HIV in order to target prevention and support appropriately.
Separating out the Alcock–Paczyński effect on 21-cm fluctuations

We reconsider the Alcock-Paczynski effect on 21-cm fluctuations from high redshift, focusing on the 21-cm power spectrum. We show that at each accessible redshift both the angular diameter distance and the Hubble constant can be determined from the power spectrum, at epochs and on scales where the ionized fraction fluctuations are linear. Furthermore, this is possible using anisotropies that depend only on linear density perturbations and not on astrophysical sources of 21-cm fluctuations. We show that measuring these quantities at high redshift would not just confirm results from the cosmic microwave background (CMB); if the 21-cm power spectrum can be measured to better than 10 per cent precision, it will improve constraints from the CMB alone on cosmological parameters including dark energy.
The Relationship of Perceptual-Motor Development to Learning Readiness in Kindergarten

In this paper an effort is made to bridge the gap between some of the more basic experimental research and theoretical concepts in cognitive psychology and information processing on the one hand and applied clinical research on the other hand. Prior studies have revealed significant linear relationships between independent visual functions and school readiness, however, the additive nature of perceptual-motor factors and their correlation with reading ability often has been neglected. Tests using tachistoscopic exposures with 2 digits at 0.1 sec. and 0.01 sec. , the Divided Form Board, and the Grooved Pegboard, dominant and nondominant hand, all showed significant correlations with readiness in a population of 48 kindergarten children. The results of the Auditory-Visual Integration Test were not significant at the kindergarten level. To increase the strength of the relationship between perceptual-motor development and readiness, three factors were considered simultaneously in a multiple regression scheme: Tachistoscopic exposure of 2 digits at 0.01 seconds, Divided Form Board, and Grooved Pegboard, dominant hand. The resulting correlation supports the hypothesis that an individual whose perceptual skills are good is likely to have a high readiness score. The corresponding r2 confirmed that variations in perceptual skills explain more than 50% of the variations in learning readiness in this study.
Birth weight, body mass index and asthma in young adults

BACKGROUND Impaired fetal growth may be a risk factor for asthma although evidence in children is conflicting and there are few data in adults. Little is known about risk factors which may influence asthma in late childhood or early adult life. Whilst there are clues that fatness may be important, this has been little studied in young adults. The relations between birth weight and childhood and adult anthropometry and asthma, wheeze, hayfever, and eczema were investigated in a nationally representative sample of young British adults. METHODS A total of 8960 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) were studied. They had recently responded to a questionnaire at 26 years of age in which they were asked whether they had suffered from asthma, wheeze, hayfever, and eczema in the previous 12 months. Adult body mass index (BMI) was calculated from reported height and weight. RESULTS The prevalence of asthma at 26 years fell with increasing birth weight. After controlling for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio comparing the lowest birth weight group (<2 kg) with the modal group (3–3.5 kg) was 1.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 4.12). The prevalence of asthma increased with increasing adult BMI. After controlling for birth weight and other confounders, the odds ratio comparing highest with lowest quintile was 1.72 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.29). The association between fatness and asthma was stronger in women; odds ratios comparing overweight women (BMI 25–29.99) and obese women (BMI ⩾30) with those of normal weight (BMI <25) were 1.51 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.06) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.84), respectively. The BMI at 10 years was not related to adult asthma. Similar associations with birth weight and adult BMI were present for wheeze but not for hayfever or eczema. CONCLUSIONS Impaired fetal growth and adult fatness are risk factors for adult asthma.
Alternative Growth and Defensive Strategies Reveal Potential and Gender Specific Trade-Offs in Dioecious Plants Salix paraplesia to Nutrient Availability

Population sex ratios of many dioecious plants in nature are biased. This may be attributed to sexually different resource demands and adaptive capacity. In male-biasedPopulus, males often display stronger physiological adaptation than females. Interestingly, Populus and Salix, belonging to Salicaceae, display an opposite biased sex ratio, especially in nutrient-poor environmental conditions. Do female willows have a greater tolerance to nutrient deficiency than males? In this study, we investigated the growth and defensive strategies of Salix paraplesia cuttings, which were grown with high and low soil fertility for about 140 days over one growing season. Results suggest that different strategies for biomass allocation may result in sexually different defense capacities and trade-offs between growth and defense. Females are likely to adopt radical strategies, overdrawing on available resources to satisfy both growth and defense, which seems to be more like a gamble compared with males. It is also suggested that females may have an extra mechanism to compensate for the investment in growth under nutrient-poor conditions. In summary, the results may help focus restoration efforts on sex selection such that a moderate increase in female willow quantity could increase the resistance and resilience of willow populations to early sporadic desertification.
Intelligent people defect more in a one-shot prisoner’s dilemma game.

Why so many people make the theoretically irrational decision to cooperate in a one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma game remains a puzzle in game theory. Recent developments in evolutionary psychology suggest that the anomaly may be attributable to evolutionary constraints on the human brain and their interaction with general intelligence. We conduct a laboratory experiment to test three hypotheses: (a) projection of a video image of another experimental subject increases cooperation because the human brain implicitly assumes that their choice is not anonymous; (b) more intelligent individuals are more likely to defect, because they are more likely to comprehend the evolutionarily novel features of the experiment that make defection rational; and (c) the effect of the video projection on cooperation is greater among less intelligent individuals. The experiment clearly supports two of the three hypotheses.
Throughput and Delay Scaling in Supportive Two-Tier Networks

Consider a wireless network that has two tiers with different priorities: a primary tier vs. a secondary tier, which is an emerging network scenario with the advancement of cognitive radio technologies. The primary tier consists of randomly distributed legacy nodes of density n, which have an absolute priority to access the spectrum. The secondary tier consists of randomly distributed cognitive nodes of density m=nβ with β≥ 2, which can only access the spectrum opportunistically to limit the interference to the primary tier. Based on the assumption that the secondary tier is allowed to route the packets for the primary tier, we investigate the throughput and delay scaling laws of the two tiers in the following two scenarios: (i) the primary and secondary nodes are all static; (ii) the primary nodes are static while the secondary nodes are mobile. With the proposed protocols for the two tiers, we show that the primary tier can achieve a per-node throughput scaling of λp(n)=Θ(1/log n) in the above two scenarios. In the associated delay analysis for the first scenario, we show that the primary tier can achieve a delay scaling of Dp(n)=Θ(√(nβ log n λp(n))) with λp(n)=O(1/log n). In the second scenario, with two mobility models considered for the secondary nodes: an i.i. d. mobility model and a random walk model, we show that the primary tier can achieve delay scaling laws of Θ(1) and Θ(1/S), respectively, where S is the random walk step size. The throughput and delay scaling laws for the secondary tier are also established, which are the same as those for a stand-alone network.
Precise dynamic slicing algorithms

Dynamic slicing algorithms can greatly reduce the debugging effort by focusing the attention of the user on a relevant subset of program statements. In this paper we present the design and evaluation of three precise dynamic slicing algorithms called the full preprocessing (FP), no preprocessing (NP) and limited preprocessing (LP) algorithms. The algorithms differ in the relative timing of constructing the dynamic data dependence graph and its traversal for computing requested dynamic slices. Our experiments show that the LP algorithm is a fast and practical precise slicing algorithm. In fact we show that while precise slices can be orders of magnitude smaller than imprecise dynamic slices, for small number of slicing requests, the LP algorithm is faster than an imprecise dynamic slicing algorithm proposed by Agrawal and Horgan.
Survival, morbidity, and quality of life after discharge from intensive care

Objective To assess survival, morbidity (physical and psychological), quality of life (QOL), and employment status of intensive care survivors up to 12 months after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). Design Prospective study. Setting University hospital adult ICU. Patients Between August 1, 1995, and July 31, 1996, 370 patients were admitted. Of these patients, 29% died in the ICU. Three months after discharge from the ICU, 227 patients were alive, and 143 agreed to participate. Cumulative mortality was calculated using the original complete cohort. Measurements and Main Results Demographic data, severity of acute illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II), admitting specialty, primary diagnosis, and length of stay were recorded. Physical and ICU-related psychological morbidity (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale score) were recorded. Health-related QOL was assessed using the Short-Form 36. All the questionnaires were completed in the clinic at 3 months. Assessment of physical morbidity and employment status at 6 and 12 months were conducted by telephone. The cumulative mortality was 39% at 3 months, 41% at 6 months, and 43% at 12 months. Deaths after 3 months occurred in the group who refused follow-up. The median age for the follow-up group was 51 yrs; the gender split was 68 women and 75 men; the mean admission APACHE II score was 18.79 (sd 6.15); and the median length of ICU stay was 3.8 days. At 3 months, ∼80% of all patients interviewed were satisfied with their QOL. Older men (>65 yrs) and younger women (<65 yrs) demonstrated significantly better health with respect to some subdomains of the Short-Form 36 compared with their counterparts. The prevalence of psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale score, ≥8) was low: 11.9% had heightened anxiety, and 9.8% were depressed. There were high levels of fatigue, poor concentration, and sleep disturbance; the latter was more marked in women (p = .022). Improvement in all three symptoms occurred during the next 9 months. Significantly more women reported loss of hair (p < .0001). Men were slower to return to employment; 75% of women had returned by 6 months compared with only 65% of men at 1 yr. Conclusion Assessment of outcome after ICU stay must include QOL measurements. Three months after discharge, there is a low incidence of ICU-related psychological or psychiatric illness and the majority of patients are satisfied. Differences in the incidence and nature of morbidity exist between the genders.
Sensory determinants of the autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR): understanding the triggers

The autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is an atypical sensory phenomenon involving electrostatic-like tingling sensations in response to certain sensory, primarily audio-visual, stimuli. The current study used an online questionnaire, completed by 130 people who self-reported experiencing ASMR. We aimed to extend preliminary investigations into the experience, and establish key multisensory factors contributing to the successful induction of ASMR through online media. Aspects such as timing and trigger load, atmosphere, and characteristics of ASMR content, ideal spatial distance from various types of stimuli, visual characteristics, context and use of ASMR triggers, and audio preferences are explored. Lower-pitched, complex sounds were found to be especially effective triggers, as were slow-paced, detail-focused videos. Conversely, background music inhibited the sensation for many respondents. These results will help in designing media for ASMR induction.
Defeasible Inference with Circumscribed OWL Ontologies

The Web Ontology Language (OWL) adheres to the openworld assumption and can thus not be used for forms of nonmonotonic reasoning or defeasible inference, an acknowledged desirable feature in open Semantic Web environments. We investigate the use of the formalism of circumscriptive description logics (DLs) to realise defeasible inference within the OWL framework. By example, we demonstrate how reasoning with (restricted) circumscribed OWL ontologies facilitates various forms of defeasible inference, also in comparison to alternative approaches. Moreover, we sketch an extension to DL tableaux for handling the circumscriptive case and report on a preliminary implementation.