Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient resource allocation in multi-cell OFDMA systems with limited backhaul capacity

In this paper, resource allocation for energy efficient communication in multi-cell orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) downlink networks with cooperative base stations (BSs) is studied. The considered problem is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem which takes into account the circuit power consumption, the limited backhaul capacity, and the minimum required data rate for joint BS zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) transmission. By exploiting the properties of fractional programming, the considered non-convex optimization problem in fractional form is transformed into an equivalent optimization problem in subtractive form, which enables the derivation of an efficient iterative resource allocation algorithm. For each iteration, the optimal power allocation solution is derived with a low complexity suboptimal subcarrier allocation policy for maximization of the energy efficiency of data transmission (bit/Joule delivered to the users). Simulation results illustrate that the proposed iterative resource allocation algorithm converges in a small number of iterations, and unveil the trade-off between energy efficiency and network capacity.
Bureaucratic Delegation and Political Institutions: When are Independent Central Banks Irrelevant?

The government's ability to credibly commit to policy announcements is critical to the successful implementation of economic policies as diverse as capital taxation and utilities regulation. One frequently advocated means of signaling credible commitment is to delegate authority to an agency that will not have an incentive to opportunistically change policies once the private sector has taken such steps as signing wage contracts or making irreversible investments. Delegating authority is suggested as a government strategy particularly for monetary policy. And existing work on the independence of central banks generally assumes that government decisions to delegate are irrevocable . But delegation - in monetary policy as elsewhere-is inevitably a political choice, and can be reversed, contend the authors. They develop a model of monetary policy that relaxes the assumption that monetary delegation is irreversible. Among the testable predictions of the model are these: A) The presence of an independent central bank should reduce inflation only in the presence of political checks and balances. This effect should be evident in both developing and industrial countries. B) Political actions to interfere with the central bank should be more apparent when there are few checks and balances. C) The effects of checks and balances should be more marked when political decisionmakers are more polarized. The authors test these predictions and find extensive empirical evidence to support each of the observable implications of their model: Central banks are associated with better inflation outcomes in the presence of checks and balances. The turnover of central bank governors is reduced when governors have tenure protection supported by political checks and balances. And the effect of checks and balances is enhanced in more polarized political environments.
Effect of low level laser on sutured wound healing in rats.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) ë904 nm on healing of surgical wounds in rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups, underwent incision along the lines Alba covering skin, subcutaneous and muscle abdominal, sutured continuously for nylon 5-0. Eight and fifteen days after the surgery process, the repairing area was removed and histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to assess cellularity inflammatory, Masson's Trichrome and Picrossirus to quantify the collagen fibers and immunohistochemical technique for counting newly formed vessels. The data were compared statistically using analysis of variance ANOVA, with a "post-hoc Tukey test, p <0.05. RESULTS Low-level laser therapy reduced the intensity of the inflammatory reaction and influenced the dynamic of the immunoinflammatory response by inducing switching of the leukocyte infiltration pattern (neutrophilic to lymphoplasmacytic infiltration). Also stimulate the deposition and enhance the organization of collagen fibers, featuring a delicate collagen type III. Furthermore, it appeared to a significant increase in the average number of newly formed vessels (p = 0.00 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Low-level laser therapy resulted in modulate of the inflammatory response, enhanced deposition of collagen fibers and increase in the average number of newly formed vessels.
Automatic Precision Control Positioning for Wireless Sensor Network

By deploying a radio propagation model, we will be able to deduce the distance between the transmitter and the receiver based on received signal strength (RSS). This method is widely adopted in wireless sensor network (WSN) positioning systems. The ranging accuracy of such a system is extremely poor because of slow and fast fading. Although the former has been thoroughly analyzed, the latter is rarely discussed. This is based on the assumption that fast fading can be compensated for by averaging, but how many times RSS should be measured to obtain a certain level of precision remains unclear. In addition, positioning error is related to the distribution of sensors, which makes it both unstable and unreliable. In this paper, ranging error and positioning error are thoroughly discussed to achieve a better understanding of the poor performance of the system. Based on these theoretical analyses, an automatic precision control algorithm is proposed as a solution for the instability of RSS-based WSN positioning systems. Supported by both deduction and simulations, this method will improve the stability of WSN location systems. In addition, the energy consumption of ranging processes is minimized, while positioning accuracy is guaranteed.
Breath‐holding and its breakpoint

This article reviews the basic properties of breath‐holding in humans and the possible causes of the breath at breakpoint. The simplest objective measure of breath‐holding is its duration, but even this is highly variable. Breath‐holding is a voluntary act, but normal subjects appear unable to breath‐hold to unconsciousness. A powerful involuntary mechanism normally overrides voluntary breath‐holding and causes the breath that defines the breakpoint. The occurrence of the breakpoint breath does not appear to be caused solely by a mechanism involving lung or chest shrinkage, partial pressures of blood gases or the carotid arterial chemoreceptors. This is despite the well‐known properties of breath‐hold duration being prolonged by large lung inflations, hyperoxia and hypocapnia and being shortened by the converse manoeuvres and by increased metabolic rate.
Internal respiratory surrogate in multislice 4D CT using a combination of Fourier transform and anatomical features.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a novel algorithm to create a robust internal respiratory signal (IRS) for retrospective sorting of four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS The proposed algorithm combines information from the Fourier transform of the CT images and from internal anatomical features to form the IRS. The algorithm first extracts potential respiratory signals from low-frequency components in the Fourier space and selected anatomical features in the image space. A clustering algorithm then constructs groups of potential respiratory signals with similar temporal oscillation patterns. The clustered group with the largest number of similar signals is chosen to form the final IRS. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the IRS was computed and compared with the external respiratory signal from the real-time position management (RPM) system on 80 patients. RESULTS In 72 (90%) of the 4D CT data sets tested, the IRS computed by the authors' proposed algorithm matched with the RPM signal based on their normalized cross correlation. For these data sets with matching respiratory signals, the average difference between the end inspiration times (Δtins) in the IRS and RPM signal was 0.11 s, and only 2.1% of Δtins were more than 0.5 s apart. In the eight (10%) 4D CT data sets in which the IRS and the RPM signal did not match, the average Δtins was 0.73 s in the nonmatching couch positions, and 35.4% of them had a Δtins greater than 0.5 s. At couch positions in which IRS did not match the RPM signal, a correlation-based metric indicated poorer matching of neighboring couch positions in the RPM-sorted images. This implied that, when IRS did not match the RPM signal, the images sorted using the IRS showed fewer artifacts than the clinical images sorted using the RPM signal. CONCLUSIONS The authors' proposed algorithm can generate robust IRSs that can be used for retrospective sorting of 4D CT data. The algorithm is completely automatic and requires very little processing time. The algorithm is cost efficient and can be easily adopted for everyday clinical use.
An Automatic Screening Approach for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis Based on Single-Lead Electrocardiogram

Traditional approaches for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis are apt to using multiple channels of physiological signals to detect apnea events by dividing the signals into equal-length segments, which may lead to incorrect apnea event detection and weaken the performance of OSA diagnosis. This paper proposes an automatic-segmentation-based screening approach with the single channel of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal for OSA subject diagnosis, and the main work of the proposed approach lies in three aspects: (i) an automatic signal segmentation algorithm is adopted for signal segmentation instead of the equal-length segmentation rule; (ii) a local median filter is improved for reduction of the unexpected RR intervals before signal segmentation; (iii) the designed OSA severity index and additional admission information of OSA suspects are plugged into support vector machine (SVM) for OSA subject diagnosis. A real clinical example from PhysioNet database is provided to validate the proposed approach and an average accuracy of 97.41% for subject diagnosis is obtained which demonstrates the effectiveness for OSA diagnosis.
Bottom-up construction of in vitro switchable memories

Reaction networks displaying bistability provide a chemical mechanism for long-term memory storage in cells, as exemplified by many epigenetic switches. These biological systems are not only bistable but switchable, in the sense that they can be flipped from one state to the other by application of specific molecular stimuli. We have reproduced such functions through the rational assembly of dynamic reaction networks based on basic DNA biochemistry. Rather than rewiring genetic systems as synthetic biology does in vivo, our strategy consists of building simplified dynamic analogs in vitro, in an artificial, well-controlled milieu. We report successively a bistable system, a two-input switchable memory element, and a single-input push-push memory circuit. These results suggest that it is possible to build complex time-responsive molecular circuits by following a modular approach to the design of dynamic in vitro behaviors. Our approach thus provides an unmatched opportunity to study topology/function relationships within dynamic reaction networks.
Automatic Network Protocol Analysis

Protocol reverse engineering is the process of extracting application-level specifications for network protocols. Such specifications are very helpful in a number of security-related contexts. For example, they are needed by intrusion detection systems to perform deep packet inspection, and they allow the implementation of black-box fuzzing tools. Unfortunately, manual reverse engineering is a time-consuming and tedious task. To address this problem, researchers have recently proposed systems that help to automate the process. These systems operate by analyzing traces of network traffic. However, there is limited information available at the network-level, and thus, the accuracy of the results is limited. In this paper, we present a novel approach to automatic protocol reverse engineering. Our approach works by dynamically monitoring the execution of the application, analyzing how the program is processing the protocol messages that it receives. This is motivated by the insight that an application encodes the complete protocol and represents the authoritative specification of the inputs that it can accept. In a first step, we extract information about the fields of individual messages. Then, we aggregate this information to determine a more general specification of the message format, which can include optional or alternative fields, and repetitions. We have applied our techniques to a number of real-world protocols and server applications. Our results demonstrate that we are able to extract the format specification for different types of messages. Using these specifications, we then automatically generate appropriate parser code.
The effects of psychotherapy on depression among racial-ethnic minority groups: a metaregression analysis.

OBJECTIVE Several psychotherapies have been found to be effective in the treatment of depression among adults. However, little is known about whether effectiveness differs by racial-ethnic minority group. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relative effects of psychotherapy for persons from racial-ethnic minority groups, by examining whether a sample's racial-ethnic minority proportion was a moderator of the effect size of psychotherapy. METHODS Eligible studies were identified with an existing database of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the psychological treatment of depression among adults. The analysis included all studies in which the effect of psychotherapy for adults with a depressive disorder or symptomatology was compared with a control condition in an RCT. Only studies that reported the overall racial-ethnic minority proportion of the sample or the studies reporting specific racial-ethnic backgrounds of participants were included. A total of 56 RCTs reported the proportion of participants from racial-ethnic minority groups (with 77 comparisons between psychotherapy treatment and control groups). RESULTS An overall moderate effect size (g=.50) in favor of psychotherapy was found. No significant moderating effect of race-ethnicity was found in bivariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that psychotherapy is equally effective regardless of care seekers' race-ethnicity. Future research should focus on filling in the gap between effective mental health care and the delivery of these services.
Tachykinins and bombesin excite non‐pyramidal neurones in rat hippocampus.

The effects of substance P, eledoisin and physalaemin‐‐which are structurally similar and all belong to the tachykinin family‐‐and of bombesin, a gastrin‐releasing peptide, on non‐pyramidal neurones were studied using unitary extracellular recordings from rat hippocampal slices. The peptides were added to the perifusion solution, or locally applied by pressure ejection from a micropipette, at concentrations ranging from 10(‐8) to 10(‐6) M. 104 out of 115 non‐pyramidal neurones responded to tachykinins, and 26 out of 27 responded to bombesin, by a reversible, concentration‐dependent increase in firing. The responsive neurones retained their sensitivity to the tachykinins and to bombesin under the condition of synaptic blockade. A synthetic peptide known to antagonize the effects of oxytocin on hippocampal non‐pyramidal neurones did not affect the excitations induced by the tachykinins or bombesin. The action of the tachykinins was not blocked by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine. These results indicate that hippocampal non‐pyramidal neurones‐‐which were previously shown to possess oxytocin receptors and mu‐type opiate receptors‐‐bear receptors for peptides of the tachykinin and of the gastrin‐releasing families. The hippocampal effects of tachykinins and of bombesin, however, were not blocked by synthetic structural analogues of substance P, known to antagonize the action of these peptides on some non‐nervous tissues. The possibility must be considered that brain receptors for tachykinins and for gastrin‐releasing peptides may be distinct from the peripheral receptors for these peptides.
Mining Structured Objects ( Data Records ) Based on Maximum Region Detection by Text Content Comparison From Website

At present, a great amount of information on the Web is presented in regularly structured objects. These are known as data records. A list of such objects in a Web page often describes a list of similar items; such as, a list of products to provide their valueadded services. Therefore, it has become increasingly necessary to develop an effective process for extracting information from them. In this paper, we present a more effective method to perform the task. The proposed method is able to mine data records not only from a single Web page but also from an entire Web site. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in respect to the previous methods in the literature. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique outperforms the existing techniques eventually. Finally, we compare the results of the experiments and discuss about the performance of the proposed method in the case of mining structured objects (data records). Index Term-mining, Crawling, Web information integration, Web data regions, Web data records.
Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with clopidogrel: updated review and risk management in combination therapy

Background Coprescribing of clopidogrel and other drugs is common. Available reviews have addressed the drug–drug interactions (DDIs) when clopidogrel is as an object drug, or focused on combination use of clopidogrel and a special class of drugs. Clinicians may still be ignorant of those DDIs when clopidogrel is a precipitant drug, the factors determining the degree of DDIs, and corresponding risk management. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to analyze the pharmacokinetic DDIs of clopidogrel and new P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. Results Clopidogrel affects the pharmacokinetics of cerivastatin, repaglinide, ferulic acid, sibutramine, efavirenz, and omeprazole. Low efficacy of clopidogrel is anticipated in the presence of omeprazole, esomeprazole, morphine, grapefruit juice, scutellarin, fluoxetine, azole antifungals, calcium channel blockers, sulfonylureas, and ritonavir. Augmented antiplatelet effects are anticipated when clopidogrel is coprescribed with aspirin, curcumin, cyclosporin, St John’s wort, rifampicin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The factors determining the degree of DDIs with clopidogrel include genetic status (eg, cytochrome P540 [CYP]2B6*6, CYP2C19 polymorphism, CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*1G, and CYP1A2-163C.A), species differences, and dose strength. The DDI risk does not exhibit a class effect, eg, the effects of clopidogrel on cerivastatin versus other statins, the effects of proton pump inhibitors on clopidogrel (omeprazole, esomeprazole versus pantoprazole, rabeprazole), the effects of rifampicin on clopidogrel versus ticagrelor and prasugrel, and the effects of calcium channel blockers on clopidogrel (amlodipine versus P-glycoprotein-inhibiting calcium channel blockers). The mechanism of the DDIs with clopidogrel involves modulating CYP enzymes (eg, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4), paraoxonase-1, hepatic carboxylesterase 1, P-glycoprotein, and organic anion transporter family member 1B1. Conclusion Effective and safe clopidogrel combination therapy can be achieved by increasing the awareness of potential changes in efficacy and toxicity, rationally selecting alternatives, tailoring drug therapy based on genotype, checking the appropriateness of physician orders, and performing therapeutic monitoring.
Low Dose Total Body Irradiation for Relapsed Low Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Experience of National Cancer Institute, Cairo

Background and Purpose: The relapsed low grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LG-NHL) is currently incurable disease and the optimal treatment regimen has not determined yet. Low dose total body irradiation (LTBI) provides an alternative mechanism of action against cancer cells rather than direct cell kill. The mode of action of LTBI is immune-modulatory effect, induction of apoptosis and hypersensitivity to low radiation doses. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of LTBI on relapsed LG-NHL and reporting our experience at National Cancer Institute, Cairo (NCI, Cairo). Material and Methods: Fifty eight patients with relapsed LG-NHL and received LTBI studied retrospectively. LTBI dose was 1.6 Gy/8 fractions divided on 2 courses; each course 4 fractions treated over 4 days with 2 weeks rest between the 2 courses. Results: The median age is 54 years; 65% of the patients are men. Forty (69%) patients had performance status of 2 or more. Twenty seven patients were stage II/III and 31 patients (53%) had stage IV disease. Twenty six (45%) patients had bulky disease more than 10 cm and 22 (38%) patients had B symptoms at the time of relapse. The extranodal disease was present in 17 patients (29%) and 78% of the patients received >3 regimens of chemotherapy before referral to LTBI. Twenty three patients received IFRT (mean dose 32 ± 4 Gy) to initially bulky sites after LTBI. Fourteen patients (24%) achieved complete remission (CR) while 45%, 21% and 10% had partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) respectively. The median PFS duration was 14 months and the median OS duration was 39 months. Stage VI, >3 regimen of chemotherapy and bad response to LTBI (SD) affected progression duration adversely (0.03, 0.05 and 0.01 respectively). The response to LTBI is the only factor affected the OS duration significantly. The 3-year PFS was 19% ± 9%, and 3-year OS was 45% ± 8%. Stage IV was the only factor affected the 3-year PFS significantly with p value 0.03. The hematological toxicity was the main side effect of LTBI. Eleven patients developed G3/4 anemia while 8 patients only developed G3/4 thrombocytopenia and 13 patients developed G3/4 leucopenia. Conclusion: The use of LTBI in patients with relapsed low grade NHL is a feasible, effective and tolerable treatment that is worthy of testing in a future with chemotherapy and Rituximab maintenance.
Upper bounds on the rate of LDPC codes for Gilbert-Elliott channels

Recently, there has been work in use of LDPC codes over channels with memory, in particular, over Gilbert-Elliott (GE) channels. In this paper, we derive expressions for upper bounds on the rate of LDPC codes for reliable communication over a large class (non-oscillatory and non-inverting) of GE channels using the methods for memoryless channels.