Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suicidality and Hostility following Involuntary Hospital Treatment

Background Psychiatric patients showing risk to themselves or others can be involuntarily hospitalised. No data is available on whether following hospitalisation there is a reduction in psychopathological indicators of risk such as suicidality and hostility. This study aimed to assess changes in suicidality and hostility levels following involuntary admission and their patient-level predictors. Methods A pooled analysis of studies on involuntary treatment, including 11 countries and 2790 patients was carried out. Suicidality and hostility were measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Results 2790 patients were included; 2129 followed-up after one month and 1864 after three months. 387 (13.9%) patients showed at least moderate suicidality when involuntarily admitted, 107 (5.0%) after one month and 97 (5.2%) after three months. Moderate or higher hostility was found in 1287 (46.1%) patients after admission, 307 (14.5%) after one month, and 172 (9.2%) after three months. Twenty-three (1.2%) patients showed suicidality, and 53 (2.8%) patients hostility at all time-points. Predictors of suicidality three months after admission were: suicidality at baseline, not having a diagnosis of psychotic disorder and being unemployed. Predictors of hostility were: hostility at baseline, not having a psychotic disorder, living alone, and having been hospitalized previously. Conclusions After involuntary hospital admission, the number of patients with significant levels of suicidality and hostility decreases substantially over time, and very few patients show consistently moderate or higher levels of these symptoms. In patients with psychotic disorders these symptoms are more likely to improve. Social factors such as unemployment and isolation could hamper suicidality and hostility reduction and may be targeted in interventions to reduce risk in involuntarily admitted patients.
Late Quaternary uplift and subsidence of the west coast of Tanna, south Vanuatu, southwest Pacific: U–Th ages of raised coral reefs in the Median Sedimentary Basin

Twelve Late Quaternary TIMS U–Th ages are reported here from 10 coral samples collected in situ from five transgressive coral/algal raised reefs (height: max. 113 m, min. 8 m) and two raised lagoonal deposits (height: max. 18 m, min. 8 m) along and near the west coast of Tanna, which lies in the Median Sedimentary Basin of South Vanuatu, southwest Pacific. These reefs and raised lagoonal deposits represent several age groups: (i) 215 ka (marine oxygen‐isotope stage 7) penultimate interglacial (highest elevation and oldest); (ii) one lagoonal deposit of ca 127 ka (marine oxygen‐isotope stage 5e); (iii) three last interglacial reefs with ages 102, 89 and 81 ka (representing marine oxygen‐isotope stages 5c, 5b and 5a, respectively, of the latter part of the last interglacial); (iv) a lagoonal deposit with a 92 ka age (5b); and (v) a Holocene reef (age >5.7–5.0 ka) (lowest elevation and youngest). A ca 4.9 ka regressive reef (at elevation of 1.5 m above sea‐level) is consistent with an island‐wide 6.5 m uplift (probably largely coseismic), and a probable further island‐wide uplift occurred in the late Holocene. The U‐series ages taken together with the heights of transgressive reefs show that uplift since 215 ka was, on average, at ∼0.52 mm/y; although since 5 ka the uplift rate was, on average, ∼1.6 mm/y (the assumption being that a 1.5 m above sea‐level reef has a coseismic origin). Elevation of transgressive reefs 5a, 5b and 5c and their ages indicates an island‐wide subsidence during the period ? 124–89 ka (i.e. Late Quaternary uplift/subsidence was jerky). Late Quaternary uplift/subsidence on the northwest coast of Tanna is considered to be due to irregular thicknesses of crust being subducted beneath Tanna.
Screening and Treatment for Alcohol, Tobacco and Opioid Use Disorders: A Survey of Family Physicians across Ontario

Introduction As a primary point of contact within the health care system, family physicians are able to play a vital role in identifying individuals with substance use disorders and connecting them to the appropriate treatment. However, there is very little data available on whether family physicians are actively screening for and treating substance use disorders. The objective of the current survey was to assess whether family physicians in Ontario are screening for alcohol, opioid and tobacco use disorders, using validated tools and providing treatment. Methods An online survey consisting of a series of 38 primarily close-ended questions was circulated to family physicians in Ontario. Rates of screening for alcohol, opioid and tobacco dependence, use of validated tools for screening, providing treatment for dependent individuals and the current barriers to the prescription of pharmacotherapies for these drug dependences were assessed. Results The use of validated screening tools was limited for all three substances. Screening by family physicians for the substance use disorders among adolescents was much lower than screening among adults. Pharmacotherapy was more commonly used as an intervention for tobacco dependence than for alcohol and opioid dependence. This was explained by the lack of knowledge among family physicians on the pharmacotherapies for alcohol and opioid dependence. Conclusions Findings from the current study suggest there is a need for family physicians to integrate screening for substance use disorders using validated tools into their standard medical practice. Furthermore, there is a need for increased knowledge on pharmacotherapies for alcohol and opioid use disorders. It is important to note that the low response rate is a major limitation to this study. One possible reason for this low response rate may be a lack of interest and awareness among family physicians on the importance of screening and treatment of substance use disorders in Ontario.
Combination of multiple detectors for EEG based biometric identification/authentication

The different structures of the brain of human beings produce spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) records that can be used to identify subjects. This paper presents a method for biometric authorization and identification based on EEG signals. The hardware uses a simple 2-signal electrode and a reference electrode configuration. The electrodes are positioned in such a way to be as unobtrusive as possible for the tested subject. Multiple features are extracted from the EEG signals that are processed by different classifiers. The system uses all the possible combinations between classifiers and features, fusing the best results. The fused decision improves the classification performance for even a small number of observation vectors. Results were obtained from a population of 50 subjects and 20 intruders, both in authentication and identification tasks. The system obtains an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 2.4% with only a few seconds for testing. The obtained performance measures are an improvement over the results of current EEG-based systems.
Improving the Cross-Lingual Projection of Syntactic Dependencies

This paper presents several modiﬁcations of the standard annotation projection al-gorithm for syntactic structures in cross-lingual dependency parsing. Our approach reduces projection noise and includes efﬁ-cient data sub-set selection techniques that have a substantial impact on parser performance in terms of labeled attachment scores. We test our techniques on data from the Universal Dependency Treebank and demonstrate the improvements on a number of language pairs. We also look at treebank translation including syntax-based models and data combination techniques that push the performance even further. We achieve absolute improvements of up to over seven points in labeled attachment scores pushing the state-of-the art in cross-lingual dependency parsing for all language pairs tested in our experiments.
DNA on the move : investigation into two mobile genetic elements in Vibrio species

xviii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1: Preface . 1 1.2: Vibrio species: An overview . 1 1.2.1: The diverse roles of vibrios.2 1.2.1.1: Mutual symbiotic relationships . 3 1.2.1.2: Pathogenic relationships.4 1.2.1.2.1: Human pathogens.5 1.2.1.2.2: Marine animal pathogens . 9 1.3: Lateral gene transfer: a major mechanism for bacterial evolution.10 1.3.1: Transformation . 12 1.3. 2: Conjugation . 12 1.3. 3: Transduction.13 1.3. 3.1: Lysogenic conversion.14 1.3. 4: Integration/maintenance of DNA sequences.15 1.4: Mobile genetic elements: a source of DNA . 17 1.4.1: Plasmids . 17 1.4. 2: Transposons.18 iv 1.4. 3: Bacteriophage.20 1.4. 4: Genomic islands . 23 1.4. 4.1: Genomic islands and the evolution of pathogenic/pandemic V. cholerae . 25 1.4. 5: Integrative conjugative elements: the tip of the ICEberg.26 1.5: LGT: a major mechanism for bacterial evolution . 27 1.5. 1: V. cholerae: a paradigm for the importance of LGT in adaptation and evolution . 28 1.6: The integron/gene cassette system . 31 1.6. 1: A big black box in our understanding of gene cassette-associated function(s) . 35 1.7: Project aims . 41 1.7. 1: How does the integron/gene cassette system impact on cell physiology? 41 1.7. 2: How does a novel genomic island impact on cell survival and overall fitness? 41 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods . 43 2.1: Bacterial strains and growth conditions . 43 2.2: List of primers . 51 2.3: DNA methods.54 2.3.1: PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis . 54 2.3. 2: Genomic DNA extraction . 55 2.3. 2.1: Crude extraction for PCR.55 2.3. 2.2: XS buffer method . 56 2.3. 3: Plasmid extraction . 56 2.3. 4: Fosmid library construction, transposon mutagenesis and screening of RME . 57 2.3. 5: DNA and whole genome sequencing . 58 2.3. 6: Extraction, purification and quantification of DNA samples from agarose gels 58 2.3. 7: Preparation of competent cells . 58
Trapping the Tiger: Efficacy of the Novel BG-Sentinel 2 With Several Attractants and Carbon Dioxide for Collecting Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southern France

Abstract Targeted trapping of mosquito disease vectors plays an important role in the surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases. The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is an invasive species, which is spreading throughout the world, and is a potential vector of 24 arboviruses, particularly efficient in the transmission of chikungunya, dengue, and zika viruses. Using a 4 × 4 Latin square design, we assessed the efficacy of the new BG-Sentinel 2 mosquito trap using the attractants BG-lure and (R)-1-octen-3-ol cartridge, alone or in combination, and with and without carbon dioxide, for the field collection of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. We found a synergistic effect of attractant and carbon dioxide that significantly increased twofold to fivefold the capture rate of Ae. albopictus. In combination with carbon dioxide, BG-lure cartridge is more effective than (R)-1-octen-3-ol in attracting females, while a combination of both attractants and carbon dioxide is the most effective for capturing males. In the absence of carbon dioxide, BG-lure cartridge alone did not increase the capture of males or females when compared with an unbaited trap. However, the synergistic effect of carbon dioxide and BG-lure makes this the most efficient combination in attracting Ae. albopictus.
Datapoints: trends in combined pharmacotherapy with stimulants for children.

244 U of stimulants in the treatment of children in the United States increased steadily between 1989 and 1996 (1,2), but little is known about how this trend is related to combination pharmacotherapy in which stimulants are used with other psychotropic agents. Stimulants may be prescribed alone or with other medications for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are indications that combined psychopharmacotherapy with stimulants is on the rise (3). It has been estimated from data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), an annual survey of a representative sample of U.S. office-based physician practices (4), that a stimulant is prescribed during 83 percent of physician office visits for the treatment of ADHD; in 10 percent of these visits, additional psychotropic medications are prescribed (2). Because these data were pooled across eight years, however, trends in such combined pharmacotherapy cannot be determined. To explore whether combined pharTrends in Combined Pharmacotherapy With Stimulants for Children
Upper mesosphere summer echoes detected with the Antarctic Syowa HF radar

Peculiar HF radar echoes observed at Syowa Station, Antarctica (69.0°S, 39.6°E) are reported. The echoes occurred in summer at slant ranges between 180 (first range gate) and 315 km under very quiet geomagnetic conditions. They are characterized by a duration of less than 80 min, quasi—periodic oscillations of velocity and echo power with periods of 5–20 min, velocities between −40 and +20 ms−1, and narrow spectral widths less than 40 ms−1. From data of June, July, December 1997, and January 1998, we identified such echoes on 4 days in December and January (summer) but not in June and July (winter). Although range resolution of the HF radar (45 km) is very poor, we believe that our echoes are Antarctic Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE), relying on that the echo characteristics are very similar to the Arctic PMSE.
A three‐dimensional gravity analysis of the East Pacific Rise from 18° to 21°30′S

Multibeam bathymetry and gravity coverage of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between 18 o and 21 o 30'S is used to investigate the relation between melt supply and tectonic segmentation at ultrafast spreading rates. The long-wavelength features in the residual anomaly show a good correlation with those in the bathymetry. The highest residual anomaly values occur over the broad discordant zone of the 20 o 40'S overlapping spreading center (OSC), for seafloor ages of 0 Ma to at least 1.5 Ma. We interpret the deepening of the bathymetry and the increase of the residual anomaly toward that discordant zone as due to a decrease of 500±200 m of the crustal thickness. Hence the 20 o 40'S OSC has been associated with a reduced magmatic budget for at least the past 1.5 m.y. and represents a persistent segmentation of the EPR. This is consistent with models in which mantle upwelling, even at the fastest spreading centers, is enhanced between large discontinuities rather than evenly distributed along axis. However, this decrease of the crustal thickness toward an axial discontinuity is several times smaller than that typically documented for slow spreading ridges, which suggests that mantle upwelling is less focused at fast spreading ridges, or that along-axis transport of crustal material is more efficient, or both. Across the study area, the residual anomaly decreases toward the NW by 15-20 mGal. This regional gradient can be modeled with lateral temperature variations in the upper mantle of up to 60 o C, increasing toward the NW. This interpretation is consistent with the numerous seamounts present to the NW and the robust magmatic budget of the ridge between 17 o and 18 o S, and it could also explain why the ridge segments defined by the smaller OSCs between 18 o and 19 o S propagate very rapidly away from the robust area. Similar patterns of ridge propagation away from the shallowest section of a ridge have been documented near the Galapagos and Easter Island hot spots. Hence these shorter ridge segments may not be associated with significant individual melt sources. Rather, they may represent a superficial segmentation due to the interaction between the EPR and a mantle heterogeneity located between 17 o and 18 o S
On-line Processing of Pop-Out Words in Spoken French Dialogues

Highlighting relevant information in a discourse context is a major aim of spoken language communication. Prosodic cues such as focal prominences are used to fulfill this aim through the pragmatic function of prosody. To determine whether listeners make on-line use of focal prominences to build coherent representations of the informational structure of the utterances, we used the brain event-related potential (ERP) method. Short dialogues composed of a question and an answer were presented auditorily. The design of the experiment allowed us to examine precisely the time course of the processing of prosodic patterns of sentence-medial or -final words in the answer. These patterns were either congruous or incongruous with regard to the pragmatic context introduced by the question. Furthermore, the ERP effects were compared for words with or without focal prominences. Results showed that pragmatically congruous and incongruous prosodic patterns elicit clear differences in the ERPs, which were largely modulated in latency and polarity by their position within the answer. By showing that prosodic patterns are processed on-line by listeners in order to understand the informational structure of the message, the present results demonstrate the psychobiological validity of the pragmatic concept of focus, expressed via prosodic cues. Moreover, the functional significance of the positive-going effects found sentence medially and negative-going effects found sentence finally is discussed. Whereas the former may reflect the processing of surprising and task-relevant prosodic patterns, the latter may reflect the integration problems encountered in extracting the overall informational structure of the sentence.
Diphthamide modification on eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is needed to assure fidelity of mRNA translation and mouse development

To study the role of the diphthamide modification on eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), we generated an eEF2 Gly717Arg mutant mouse, in which the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis is prevented. Interestingly, the Gly717-to-Arg mutation partially compensates the eEF2 functional loss resulting from diphthamide deficiency, possibly because the added +1 charge compensates for the loss of the +1 charge on diphthamide. Therefore, in contrast to mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from OVCA1−/− mice, eEF2G717R/G717R MEFs retain full activity in polypeptide elongation and have normal growth rates. Furthermore, eEF2G717R/G717R mice showed milder phenotypes than OVCA1−/− mice (which are 100% embryonic lethal) and a small fraction survived to adulthood without obvious abnormalities. Moreover, eEF2G717R/G717R/OVCA1−/− double mutant mice displayed the milder phenotypes of the eEF2G717R/G717R mice, suggesting that the embryonic lethality of OVCA1−/− mice is due to diphthamide deficiency. We confirmed that the diphthamide modification is essential for eEF2 to prevent −1 frameshifting during translation and show that the Gly717-to-Arg mutation cannot rescue this defect.
12-hour cycle of matter transformation in the sea surface microlayer in the offshore waters of the Gdańsk Basin (Baltic Sea) during spring

Short-term measurements of nutrient and DOC concentrations and suspended matter (particles, chlorophyll a, phaeophytin, algae and ATP concentrations) carried out in seawater layers of varying thickness (10, 90, 250 μm and the underwater layer – 15 cm depth) in spring form the basis for a discussion of the diurnal fluctuations of nutrient and suspended organic matter concentrations. Quantitative and qualitative differences in the composition of neuston species were recorded in selected sub-layers of the chemically stratified sea surface microlayer. The non-linear regression equation was applied in a mathematical model of the diurnal fluctuations of nutrients and organic matter. Two maxima and two minima were found in the diurnal cycle of nutrient concentrations and organic suspensions in sub-layers of different thickness selected from the sea surface. The first maximum, expressed by the proliferation of phytoneuston, lasted from the very early morning till mid-morning. The second maximum occurred in the afternoon. The chlorophyll a concentration, and ATP and neuston abundance declined markedly around noon, when the biologically-damaging radiation dose increased, compelling the downward migration of organisms. At the same time, the photo-oxidation of dissolved organic matter intensified and the concentrations of inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus rose. A shift (up to 2 h) between the maximum and minimum neuston concentration in these sea surface layers was indicative of phototaxis occurring within the entire surface microlayer and in the underwater layer. After sunset the decline in phytoneuston abundance could be related to zooplankton grazing as well as to respiratory breakdown. 202 L. Falkowska
Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: characteristics, benefits and risks.

under the coordination of Dr. Pay Drechsel. Pay has over 20 years of professionalexperience in natural resources management and has been living in Ghana for the past eightyears. He is an expert in urban agriculture in Africa, a board member of the ‘RUAFFoundation’ and in the steering committee of the CGIAR initiative ‘Urban Harvest’. Since2005, Pay has been heading IWMI’s new global research theme on "Agriculture, Water andCities". He works closely with Dr. Liqa Raschid-Sally who has more than 25 years ofprofessional experience in wastewater management in agriculture with special focus on Asiaand Africa, and Dr. Olufunke Cofie, who is the coordinator of the Network of ResourceCentres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF) in Anglophone West Africa. Thethree are supported by a number of staff including Philip Amoah, George Danso, BernardKeraita and Emmanuel Obuobie, who started their scientific careers as MSc students inIWMI’s projects on urban and peri-urban agriculture in Ghana. Today, they are Ph.D. studentshaving affiliations with universities in Ghana, Canada, Denmark and Germany, respectively.George is an Agricultural Economist, Philip studied Environmental Science/Microbiology,and Ben and Emmanuel graduated as Irrigation and Water Engineers. All authors are IWMIstaff based in IWMI’s Office for Africa in Ghana. The team has over 40 publications on urbanand peri-urban agriculture to its credit.
Selection of An M184V Mutation in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Individual Starting Darunavir-Based Therapy

Here, we describe a newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patient, in whom shortly after the initiation of a darunavir- based regimen, the HIV-1 virus exclusively mutated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to an increase in CSF HIV-1 RNA load and neurological complaints.
Cumulative effects in SEA of spatial plans – evidence from Italy and England

Addressing cumulative effects (CE) has been widely recognized as a key purpose of strategic environmental assessment (SEA). In EU member states, the assessment of CE in SEA is prescribed by the SEA Directive. This paper investigates whether and how CE are currently treated in SEA of Italian and English spatial plans. This is based on the results of (1) a questionnaire survey and (2) a systematic review of SEA reports of local and regional Italian and English spatial plans. It is found that, opposite to what even some experts think, while CE remain unsatisfactorily addressed, there is ample space for improving current practice. In this context, better scoping, future-oriented approaches to SEA and more effective tiering are identified as key elements that can enable more effective CE assessment.
Vortical Flow Outside a Sphere and Sound Generation

Formulas are presented for an incompressible inviscid velocity field V with a vorticity field ${\bf \Omega}$ outside of a rigid sphere and for the far-field sound generation. The velocity V is expressed as the sum of an image velocity v* and a known velocity v in $\Re^3$, which is induced by the same vorticity field ${\bf \Omega}$ outside the sphere and the extension ${\bf \Omega}=0$ inside. We derive formulas for the image velocity v* and the corresponding image potential $\Phi^*$, which in turn yields the far-field sound. These formulas are applied to define the velocity of a slender vortex filament in the presence of a rigid sphere and the associated far-field sound.