Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reflecting on Reflection: Scale Extension and a Comparison of Undergraduate Business Students in the United States and the United Kingdom

In the Peltier, Hay, and Drago (2005) article titled “The Reflective Learning Continuum: Reflecting on Reflection,” a reflective learning continuum was conceptualized and tested. This is a follow-up article based on three extensions: (1) determining whether the continuum could be expanded, (2) further validating the continuum using additional schools, and (3) determining whether the continuum could also be applied to undergraduate business education. The findings from a study of U.S. and U.K. students show that the revised scale is valid and reliable and that U.S. students in the sample universities rated their educational experience higher and were more likely to use reflective thinking practices.
Gathering faculty teaching evaluations by in‐class and online surveys: their effects on response rates and evaluations

This study compares student evaluations of faculty teaching that were completed in‐class with those collected online. The two methods of evaluation were compared on response rates and on evaluation scores. In addition, this study investigates whether treatments or incentives can affect the response to online evaluations. It was found that the response rate to the online survey was generally lower than that to the in‐class survey. When a grade incentive was used to encourage response to the online survey, a response rate was achieved that was comparable with that to the in‐class survey. Additionally, the study found that online evaluations do not produce significantly different mean evaluation scores than traditional in‐class evaluations, even when different incentives are offered to students who are asked to complete online evaluations.
Auditory training for experienced and inexperienced second-language learners: Native French speakers learning English vowels

ABSTRACT This study examined whether high-variability auditory training on natural speech can benefit experienced second-language English speakers who already are exposed to natural variability in their daily use of English. The subjects were native French speakers who had learned English in school; experienced listeners were tested in England and the less experienced listeners were tested in France. Both groups were given eight sessions of high-variability phonetic training for English vowels, and were given a battery of perception and production tests to evaluate their improvement. The results demonstrated that both groups learned to similar degrees, suggesting that training provides a type of learning that is distinct from that obtained in more naturalistic situations.
The political responsibility of the church : on the necessity and boundaries of the theory of the two kingdoms

The political responsibility of the church: On the necessity and boundaries of the theory of the two kingdoms The voice of the church has fallen silent in the new political dispensation in South Africa. Many people in the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa (Nederduitsch Hervormde Church) argue that the church should keep its distance from politics. They are of the opinion that they could defend this position with the "Lutheran two- kingdoms theory". This article shows that the theory of the two kingdoms is not a uniquely Lutheran, but also a Calvinistic interest. It furthermore shows that this theory is not only interested in separating the two kingdoms, but also in bringing these kingdoms in relationship with one another. A plea is made for loyalty to both the Lutheran and Calvinistic traditions. The article also calls for a concentration on the three new challenges in South Africa, namely democracy, pluralism and Africanisation.
Error communication in young farm workers: Its relationship to safety climate and safety locus of control

Abstract Previous research has suggested that open communication about errors at work plays an important role in promoting occupational safety. The current study focused on error communication by young farm workers in the light of increasing concerns about young workers’ safety and the need to investigate its determinants. Specifically, we examined the effects of safety locus of control and safety climate on young workers’ communications about their errors in farm work. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to a randomly selected sample of adolescents, aged 13–18 years, who resided and worked on family farms in Colorado, United States. Responses from 244 young farm workers were analyzed. Our results indicated that young farm workers who reported having a high internal safety locus of control and perceived a positive safety climate were more likely to openly communicate their mistakes at work to their parents who owned the farms. Further, safety climate significantly buffered against the negative effects of external safety locus of control on error communication. These findings highlight the importance of individual and contextual factors in promoting farm safety and have implications for designing and implementing interventions to target young farm workers. They may also prove to be relevant to the error communication of young workers in other industries and occupations.
Bandwidth Management in Application Mapping for Dynamically Reconfigurable Architectures

Partial dynamic reconfiguration (often referred to as partial RTR) enables true on-demand computing. In an on-demand computing environment, a dynamically invoked application is assigned resources such as data bandwidth, configurable logic. The limited logic resources are customized during application execution by exploiting partial RTR. In this article, we propose an approach that maximizes application performance when available bandwidth and logic resources are limited. Our proposed approach is based on theoretical principles of minimizing application schedule length under bandwidth and logic resource constraints. It includes detailed microarchitectural considerations on a commercially popular reconfigurable device, and it exploits partial RTR very effectively by utilizing data-parallelism property of common image-processing applications. We present extensive application case studies on a cycle-accurate simulation platform that includes detailed resource considerations of the Xilinx Virtex XC2V3000. Our experimental results demonstrate that applying our proposed approach to common image-filtering applications leads to 15--20% performance gain in scenarios with limited bandwidth, when compared to prior work that also exploits data-parallelism with RTR but includes simpler bandwidth considerations. Last but not the least, we also demonstrate how our proposed theoretical principles can be directly applied to solve related problems such as minimizing schedule length under logic resource and power constraints.
Self-Efficacy and Causal Attributions as Mediators of Perceptions of Psychological Momentum

Self-efficacy and causal attributions were examined as mediators of perceived psychological momentum. Participants were randomly assigned to either a repeated success or a repeated failure group in which success or failure was manipulated by having participants compete against a highly skilled confederate. Each participant and confederate performed three sets of 10 basketball free throws. Free throw self-efficacy, perceived psychological momentum, and causal dimensions were assessed after each set. Results indicated that the success and failure manipulations were effective in that the responses changed differently over time for both groups. Experiencing competitive success increased perceptions of momentum; experiencing competitive failure decreased perceptions of momentum. In contrast, self-efficacy only changed in response to competitive success as the participants became more confident. Both groups attributed the competitive outcome to internal, personally controllable, and unstable causes.
Association of the Physiological Stress Response With Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Breast Cancer

Objective The literature on the relationship of depressive symptoms and stress hormones after cancer diagnosis has been mixed, with some studies showing a relationship and other studies showing none. Time since diagnosis may explain these contradictory findings. This study examined the relationship of depressive symptoms to stress hormones in patients with breast cancer using 12-month longitudinal data. Methods Patients with Stage II or III breast cancer (n = 227) were assessed every 4 months from diagnosis/surgery to 12 months. They completed the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Iowa Short Form and the Perceived Stress Scale and blood samples were obtained to measure stress hormones (i.e., cortisol, adrenocorticotropin hormone, norepinephrine, and epinephrine). Results Depressive symptoms were negatively related to cortisol levels (&bgr;= −0.023, p = .002) but were positively related to rate of change in cortisol (&bgr; = 0.003, p = .003). Adrenocorticotropin hormone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine did not covary with depressive symptoms (all p values > .05). When the CES-D and Perceived Stress Scale were both used to predict cortisol, only the CES-D was significantly related (&bgr; = −0.025, p = .017). Conclusions Depressive symptoms were negatively related to cortisol, but this relationship changed from the time of diagnosis/surgery through 12 months. Cortisol may initially provide a buffering effect against depression during the stress of initial diagnosis and treatment, but this relationship seems to change over time.
Empirically Derived Test Specifications for the Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Examination

This study examined the major job functions and knowledge domains required for effective rehabilitation counseling practice in today’s rapidly changing practice environment to revise and update the test specifications for the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification examination. This report describes the methodology used in this nationwide study, the primary research questions addressed, the study’s principal findings and recommendations, including the new set of test specifications that will guide future versions of the Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Examination. The results of this study provide empirical support for the description of the knowledge base underlying the practice of rehabilitation counseling and contributes further empirical evidence in relation to the content and construct validity of the knowledge domains identified in this replication and extension of the most recent study completed in 2006.
Program Evaluations of Occupational Therapy Level II Fieldwork Environments: A Naturalistic Inquiry

Three occupational therapy Level II fieldwork environments—mental health, adult physical disabilities, and pediatrics—were evaluated with the naturalistic inquiry methodology. Students and supervisors described and compared and contrasted ideal clinical education environments with actual Level II fieldwork environments. The naturalistic inquiry methodology and the salient factors in each of the three evaluated environments are summarized.
Systematic Instruction for Students with Moderate and Severe Disabilities

Finally, the use of systematic instruction, specifically a task analysis, can be used to break-down the steps of Students with Significant Intellectual Disabilities: Instructional Alignment Teaching mathematics and science standards to students with moderate and severe developmental disabilities. (Available for eBook). Books and eBooks. (ELSB) incorporates systematic instruction and ongoing designed for students with moderate to severe intellectual disability or autism.
Pattern of impairments and late diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among a sub-Saharan African clinical population of children in Nigeria

Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies conducted among Africans living outside the continent indicate that African children are more likely than Caucasian children to have a late diagnosis of ASD. There is a dearth of information on this topic among children with ASD living in Africa. Methods. To determine the pattern of impairments and age at diagnosis in ASD, sixty Nigerian children with a diagnosis of ASD were recruited from a neurodevelopmental clinic. DSM-V criteria were used to make a diagnosis of ASD, while a symptom checklist for ASD was used to determine the pattern of impairments in ASD. Results. Ages of the children ranged from 2 to 17 years with a mean age of 9.45 ± 4.33 years with the majority of them (75%) being 12 years or younger. All the children (100%) with ASD exhibited poor eye contact, difficulty in mixing with other children and inability to consistently respond to his/her name. More than a half of them (55%) lack verbal communication. Impairments that were uncommon are in the areas of object attachment (20.0%), odd postures (26.7%) and inappropriate facial expression (30.0%). Mean age at the observation of ASD features was 17.0 ± 6.7 months. Mean age at diagnosis of ASD was 9.00 ± 4.30 years. The mean time lag from a parental concern of ASD features to seeking specialist care was 85 months and to diagnosis was 91 months. Conclusions. Core symptoms/impairments of ASD are present in Nigerian children but a late diagnosis is common.
The Mediating Role of Perceived Value: Team Identification and Purchase Intention of Team-Licensed Apparel

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mediating effect of perceived value in the relationship between team identification and intent to purchase collegiate team-licensed apparel. Direct effect, partially mediated, and fully mediated models were compared. The respondents were students (N = 110) attending a large university in the southeastern United States. Participants first completed the Team Identification Scale and then viewed a slide depicting an article of licensed merchandise (t-shirt). Participants next completed the Perceived Value and Purchase Intention Scales. Goodness-of-fit statistics indicated that the direct effect model did not fit the data. The partially mediated and the fully mediated models fit equally well; the latter was more parsimonious and thus was chosen for further analysis. Team identification explained 13.2% of the variance in perceived value; perceived value explained 42.6% of the variance in purchase intentions. The findings indicate that team identification alone did not drive the purchase intentions in this study; it is important to take into account the perceived value of the team-licensed merchandise.
Unto us a child is born: The trials and rewards of parenthood for people with learning difficulties

Very little is known about the lives and struggles of parents with learning difficulties (intellectual disability). Although high rates of parenting breakdown are reported in the literature, research has so far failed to represent their real-life experience of parenthood. Drawing on personal stories from a study of twenty families, this paper explores what it means to be a parent with learning difficulties and looks at the joys and heartaches that parenting brings.
Satisfação conjugal em casamentos de longa duração: uma construção possível

O relacionamento conjugal esta associado a saude e qualidade de vida, principalmente nos anos de maturidade e velhice, embora o fato de um casamento durar nao necessariamente signifique que o mesmo e satisfatorio para os conjuges. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os processos e variaveis associadas a satisfacao conjugal em casamentos de longa duracao, ou seja, mais de 20 anos. Trinta e oito casais paulistas responderam a um conjunto de questionarios ja utilizados em estudo multicultural previo (Estados Unidos, Suecia, Alemanha, Holanda, Canada, Africa do Sul, Israel e Chile). Em cerca de metade dos casais estudados, ao menos um dos conjuges estava satisfeito. Comparando-se casais satisfeitos e insatisfeitos foi possivel identificar que a satisfacao aumenta quando ha proximidade, estrategias adequadas de resolucao de problemas, coesao, boa habilidade de comunicacao, se os conjuges estiverem satisfeitos com seu status economico e forem praticantes de sua crenca religiosa.
Neuroimage: Clinical Gaba Level, Gamma Oscillation, and Working Memory Performance in Schizophrenia

A relationship between working memory impairment, disordered neuronal oscillations, and abnormal pre-frontal GABA function has been hypothesized in schizophrenia; however, in vivo GABA measurements and gamma band neural synchrony have not yet been compared in schizophrenia. This case–control pilot study (N = 24) compared baseline and working memory task-induced neuronal oscillations acquired with high-density electroencephalograms (EEGs) to GABA levels measured in vivo with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Working memory performance, baseline GABA level in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and measures of gamma oscillations from EEGs at baseline and during a working memory task were obtained. A major limitation of this study is a relatively small sample size for several analyses due to the integration of diverse methodologies and participant compliance. Working memory performance was significantly lower for patients than for controls. During the working memory task, patients (n = 7) had significantly lower amplitudes in gamma oscillations than controls (n = 9). However, both at rest and across working memory stages, there were significant correlations between gamma oscillation amplitude and left DLPFC GABA level. Peak gamma frequency during the encoding stage of the working memory task (n = 16) significantly correlated with GABA level and working memory performance. Despite gamma band amplitude deficits in patients across working memory stages, both baseline and working memory-induced gamma oscillations showed strong dependence on baseline GABA levels in patients and controls. These findings suggest a critical role for GABA function in gamma band oscillations, even under conditions of system and cognitive impairments as seen in schizophrenia.
The effectiveness of aligned developmental feedback on the overhand throw in third-grade students

Background: To improve student performance, teachers need to evaluate the developmental level of the child and to deliver feedback statements that correspond with the student's ability to process the information delivered. Therefore, feedback aligned with the developmental level of the child (aligned developmental feedback – ADF) is sometimes considered to be the most appropriate type of feedback for improving student learning. It is assumed that the provision of ADF is beneficial in bringing about improvement in the learning of motor skills and subsequently in performance. However, the extent of the influence of ADF on motor performance remains unclear. Purpose: This study examined the influence of ADF on students' performance of the overhand throw for force in a naturalistic physical education setting. Participants: Ninety-seven third-grade students (39 girls, 58 boys) with a mean age of 105.4 months (SD = 4.76) participated in this study. All participants were selected from four intact classrooms in a mid-sized Midwestern (US) elementary school. Two of the four intact classes were randomly assigned to an ADF group (the experimental condition; N = 48, 21 girls, 27 boys), and the other two intact classes were assigned to a general feedback (GF) group (the control condition; N = 49, 18 girls, 31 boys). Research design and phases of the study: An experimental non-equivalent group design composed of pre-, post-, and retention phases assessed the influence of ADF on throwing performance. The study used a three-phase approach: Phase 1 involved the implementation of the control GF condition with the participants: a seven-day throwing unit using general feedback. After Phase 1 was concluded, the first part of the experimental condition was initiated (Phase 2): to train the physical education teacher (male, with seven years of teaching experience, who had no prior knowledge of developmental throwing sequences) to deliver the experimental condition (i.e. the ADF condition). Phase 2 concluded when the teacher was considered trained in the ADF condition. The final phase of the study (Phase 3) was the actual experimental condition, consisting of a seven-day ADF instructional throwing unit. Data analysis: A chi-square analysis was used to examine the influence of ADF on the distribution of body component scores between the ADF and GF groups from the pre- to post- to retention phases as the body component data is ordinal in nature. An ANOVA with repeated measures on the highest ball velocity score was used to assess the influence of ADF on ball velocity scores. Findings: An ANOVA revealed that the ADF group had faster ball velocity than the GF group from pre- to post-intervention. Chi-square analyses revealed that the ADF group improved from pretest to posttest in the humerus and forearm components. The effects found at the end of the intervention program were maintained throughout the retention phase. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the value of ADF in the learning process, and show how such feedback can enhance students' performance.
Evaluating legislation: An alternative approach for evaluating EU Internal Market and Services law

Although the European Commission has introduced a rigorous Impact Assessment process as part of policy proposal development since 2000, to date very little in the way of ex post evaluation of policy and legislation practice exists. In 2007, the European Commission firmly committed itself to developing ex post evaluation of these non-spending activities to match the importance of its Impact Assessment process. However, early experience when evaluating legislation, and EU Directives in particular, has highlighted problems in applying existing evaluation practices. Finding little by way of specific guidance that could be used for evaluating EU legislation, DG Internal Market and Services has developed its own methodology. This contribution aims to provide some insight for evaluation practitioners into this EU DG’s proposed approach to evaluating EU legislation, which readers may consider with a view to transferring to similar political and organizational environments.
An Exploration of Group-Based Compassion Focused Therapy for a Heterogeneous Range of Clients Presenting to a Community Mental Health Team

This study explored the benefits of a group-based compassion-focused therapy approach in a heterogeneous group of clients presenting with severe and enduring mental health difficulties to a community mental health team. Seven groups with an average of five clients per group were run over 12–14 weeks. The format of the group followed the procedures of explaining the evolutionary model, formulating client problems within the compassion-focused therapy model, introducing clients to the core practices of compassionate training, and using compassion based interventions to address core difficulties. Questionnaires were completed pre- and post intervention: Self-criticism, shame, depression, anxiety, and stress. Significant reductions were found for depression, anxiety, stress, self-criticism, shame, submissive behavior, and social comparison post intervention. Of importance, at pre-intervention the majority of patients were in the severe category of depression scores. At the end of therapy the majority were in the borderline category. A combination of self-report data and client feedback suggests that compassion focused therapy is easily understood, well-tolerated, seen as helpful and produces significant changes in objective measures of mental health difficulties in naturalistic settings. Read More: http://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/ijct.2012. 5.4. 420