Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspects of industrial mobility in the British economy

Hamilton F. E. I. (1978) Aspects of industrial mobility in the British economy, Reg. Studies 12, 153–165. A large sample of British firms in a wide range of industries demonstrated accelerated spatial mobility in production and non-production functions alike during the 1960's, both through the closure, opening or relocation of operating units and through the differential growth (or decline), varied product innovation and functional substitution among their constituent facilities. If government is to control or channel industrial functions it must equip itself with proper statistical measures of quantitative and qualitative change. Factors in the decision-making environment of firms in the 1960's stimulated production diffusion from larger cities and their inner areas both intra- and interregionally while simultaneously encouraging greater intra-and interregional centralization of non-production manufacturing functions. A major force in these conflicting trends has been the interregionalization of industri.
Discussing the News

The provision of online news provides unique opportunities for users to interact with content and with other users. One of the more common forms of interactivity involves commenting on news stories. These interactive features are often heralded for enabling virtual public discussion of current events. Yet there exists a widespread belief that these spaces fail to meet that lofty goal, instead exhibiting hostile and vitriolic discourse, which undermines the deliberative potential of online interaction. At the same time, there is a lack of consensus among researchers regarding the proper conceptualization of hostility, and its more desirable counterpart, civility. This article aims to integrate normative and contextual conceptual definitions of hostility and civility in online interactions with the news. Building on these, we develop operational definitions of the two concepts and analyze the presence of hostile and civil discussion in user comments posted to YouTube news videos. Further, we explore the possibility that the content and source of those news videos, as well as popularity and engagement metrics, may explain the degree of hostility and civility in comments.
Consumption of different alcoholic beverages as predictors of local rates of night‐time assault and acute alcohol‐related morbidity

Objective: To determine whether population levels of consumption of some alcoholic beverages are more closely associated with levels of harm than others, particularly if consumption of cask wine is more strongly related to rates of acute alcohol problems than consumption of bottled wine as a consequence of the extremely low rates of federal tax levied on the former. Method: A database of alcohol consumption and related problems was established for 130 areas of Western Australia. Demographic and economic data for these areas were included from the 1991 census. Empirically derived assumptions regarding the mean wholesale price of cask and bottled wine were utilised. Regression analyses examined the extent to which the consumption of different alcoholic beverages predicted levels of major varieties of harm. Results: Only cask wine and high‐strength beer consumption were significantly associated with rates of night‐time assault; consumption of all beverage varieties except bottled wine was significantly associated with rates of acute alcohol‐related morbidity. Further analyses, which included controls for an effect of total alcohol consumption, confirmed the pronounced contributions of cask wine and high‐strength beer to rates of night assaults and acute alcohol‐related morbidity. The proportion of all alcohol consumed as low‐alcohol beer was significantly negatively associated with these harms. Conclusions: The beverages most associated with rates of night‐time assaults and acute alcohol‐related morbidity are those with the lowest federal taxation per standard drink, i.e. cask not bottled wine and regular‐strength not low‐alcohol beer.
Prognostic Impact of the History of Breast Cancer and of Hormone Therapy in Uterine Carcinosarcoma

Objective Recent studies reveal an association between hormone therapy for breast cancer (BC), such as tamoxifen (TAM) and toremifene (TOR), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of patients with UCS after BC and hormone therapy. Methods Between January 1997 and December 2007, we treated 51 patients with UCS. The medical records of these patients were reviewed, and factors that influenced their survival were retrospectively analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Ten (19.6%) of the 51 patients had a history of BC; 6 (11.8%) had received hormone therapy with TAM or TOR. The characteristics of the patients with UCS were similar regardless of whether they had a history of BC or hormone therapy. On univariate analysis, age greater than 56 years, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, residual tumors, FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage higher than stage IIIa, and non–endometrioid carcinomatous components were identified as prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis, in addition to residual tumors, FIGO stage higher than stage IIIa, and non–endometrioid carcinomatous components, a history of BC (relative risk, 0.14), a history of TAM use (relative risk, 15.9), and a history of TOR use (relative risk, 16.9) were also identified as independently significant prognostic factors. Conclusions Our data suggest that a history of BC and hormone therapy for BC is a risk factor for developing UCS without obvious impacts on the characteristics of UCS. Both of these factors had statistically significant impacts on the prognosis of patients with UCS. Further studies are necessary to clarify and validate these associations.
Reforming UK Airport Regulation

Michael Beesley (1999) was critical of the approach used in the UK to regulate its major airports. In the case of Heathrow, in particular, he argued that price-cap regulation was inappropriate. In this paper David Starkie, after examining some unusual economic characteristics of the airports industry, reaches a similar conclusion. He argues that the linking of complementary demands and location rents at major airports provides an incentive for dominant airports to increase their output beyond the level that one would expect from profit-maximising concerns providing only basic airport services. This incentive, together with recently enhanced competition law in the UK, is argued to make formal price control unnecessary. © The London School of Economics and the University of Bath 2001
Family Physician Consultation/Referral Patterns

Family physicians, regardless of training, board certification, or practice setting, more commonly consult or refer to internal medicine subspecialists than to general internists. The primary reason is need for a consultant with technical (procedural) skill. In the case of pediatric referrals, family physicians more commonly refer to general pediatricians than to pediatric subspecialists. Physicians who use pediatric subspecialists more when both are available, however, do so because ofthe need for a consultant with technical skill. Large numbers of internal medicine and pediatric residents are choosing subspecialties, thereby increasing availability of these subspecialties. At the same time, there is a documented need for an increased number of primary care physicians. Family physicians, general internists, and general pediatricians all need to be trained; however, because the breadth of training of the family physician prepares this practitioner to provide comprehensive primary care in a broad variety of settings, there should be an emphasis on training this specialist.
Metagenomics of the Microbial Nitrogen Cycle Theory , Methods and Applications

The nitrogen (N) cycle comprises a large number of oxidative and reductive reactions that are catalysed by wide variety of enzymes. Genes coding for most of the N-cycle enzymes have been shown to be present in a diverse polyphyletic group of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea and fungi. Therefore, a 16S rRNA phylogeny-based approach to study those microbial populations is not possible. Because cultivation-dependent methods are selective for certain microorganisms, molecular methods have been developed to study the ecology and to assess abundance and diversity composition of nitrogen cycling microorganisms in environmental samples. DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification of genes that encode key functional enzymes of the N-cycle are used to study which genes and/or phylotypes are functionally important in the environment. Methods for DNA isolation and purification from environmental samples will be addressed whilst considering the main functional gene targets used to study the nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification processes within the nitrogen cycle. The fluorescence-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has proven useful for quantification of nucleic acids in samples obtained from numerous diverse sources. Here, we describe relevant experimental conditions for utilization of qPCR to quantify the 16S rRNA, amoA and nar/nap, nirK/nirS, c-nor/q-nor and nos genes that encode synthesis of key enzymes involved in redox reactions of the N-cycle. Introduction Nitrogen (N) is a key element for all forms of life as it makes part of essential compounds such as proteins, nucleic acids, hormones, etc. Despite its abundance in the atmosphere (~ 80%), availability of N in a form suitable for plant and animal consumption is a major constraint to life on our planet. Most of the N in the atmosphere is found in the form of dinitrogen gas (N2), which is inaccessible to eukaryotes and many bacteria. In the biogeochemical N cycle, N utilization begins with the conversion of bio-unavailable N2 gas to bio-available ammonia (NH4 +) accomplished by the so called diazotrophs, either in free-living or in symbiotic associations (with plants or other organisms). This process is called biological N2-fixation and has a central role in nitrogen availability, and thus in supporting life on earth.
Polymorphism in the surfactant protein-B gene, gender, and the risk of direct pulmonary injury and ARDS.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Major risk factors for ARDS have been identified. However, only a minority of patients with such risks develops ARDS. It is likely that, given the same type and degree of insult, there are heritable determinants of susceptibility to ARDS. To investigate the possibility of variable genetic susceptibility to ARDS, we examined the association between ARDS and a polymorphism in intron 4 of the surfactant protein-B (SP-B) gene. DESIGN Nested case-control study conducted from September 1999 to March 2001. SETTING Four adult medical and surgical ICUs at a tertiary academic center. PATIENTS One hundred eighty-nine patients meeting study criteria for a defined risk factor for ARDS were enrolled and prospectively followed. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Seventy-two patients (38%) developed ARDS. After stratification by gender and adjustment for potential confounders, there was a significantly increased odds for women with the variant SP-B gene to develop ARDS compared to women homozygous for the wild-type allele (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 18.8; p = 0.03). Women with the variant SP-B polymorphism also had significantly increased odds of having a direct pulmonary injury such as aspiration or pneumonia as a risk factor for ARDS as opposed to an indirect pulmonary risk for ARDS (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 19.9; p = 0.04). No such association with ARDS or direct pulmonary injury was found for men. CONCLUSION The variant polymorphism of the SP-B gene is associated with ARDS and with direct pulmonary injury in women, but not in men. Further study is needed to confirm the association between the variant SP-B gene, and gender, ARDS, and direct pulmonary injury.
THE ROLE OF GALNAC TERMINAL SUGAR ON ADERNAL GLAND DEVELOPMENT

Glycoconjugates, particularly their sugar side chains, play important roles in embryonic development. This study was conduced to examine sugar or terminal glycoconjugate sugar chains of surface developing medullary cells in mouse embryonic suprarenal glands. Mice embryos at days 13 to 20 of gestation developed th th by mating of 32 Balb/c mice, were serially cut at a tickness of 5 µm. For observation of suprarenal glands and selection of proper samples, specimens were first stained with hematoxyline-eosine (H and E) methods, then by using lectin histochemistry processing microscopic study was done. Among the used lectins such as; SBA, PNA, ConA, WGA and LTA only SBA and PNA on different embryonic days, with intensity and weakness related to the age, decrease and/or increase of chromaffin cells, showed medullary region of adrenal gland. PNA was used as positive control. The timing and distribution of staining with the lectin SBA suggest that, glycoconjugates containing N-acetyl-galactosamin may play a role in development of chromaffin cells at medullary region of suprarenal gland.
The impacts of ethical sales behaviour on customer loyalty in the life insurance industry

This study focuses on how a salesperson's ethical and unethical sales behaviour can build or deplete both customer trust in the salesperson and in the company, which in turn influences customer loyalty in the life insurance industry. The main findings of this study show that the salesperson's ethical sales behaviour does play a crucial role in winning customer loyalty through customer trust. Moreover, there exists a reciprocal relationship between customer trust in the salesperson and customer trust in the company, with the latter having a stronger impact on the former than the other way around. Finally, customer trust in the company exerts more influence on customer loyalty than does customer trust in the salesperson, which has implications for the life insurance industry.
Understanding participation and power within collaborative processes: Jointly involving staff and citizens in changing public services

This study assesses the extent to which employees and users of public services can develop collaborative partnerships that promote person-centred services within institutions. Both citizen and worker participation are currently advocated as a means to develop public services, yet academically they have been studied within distinctive disciplines. Drawing together different theories of participation alongside the analysis of the concepts and practices of co-production, co-design and co-creation, this thesis establishes an analytic framework, termed co-participation to explore processes of collaboration between public service staff and users. This framework then informs the analysis of two case studies in local government and the health service where both staff and service users are involved together in developing person-centred services. This empirical work is supplemented by expert interviews with people who have worked in a number of different collaborative projects, alongside a realist synthesis of other similar cases. Using a critical realist approach and retroductive analysis this study explores how agents act within their institutional and policy contexts, assessing the extent to which their actions can instigate changes through institutionally designed participatory projects. It is found that the projects facilitated processes of reflexivity and intersubjectivity which promoted a sense of embedded collectivism within institutional contexts. The projects enabled agents to make many localised changes which positively impacted people’s lived experiences. Collectivities and networks were developed, yet these operated within dominant hierarchies and could be limited by their structural and cultural environments. Wider social inequalities and power relations had an impact upon these participatory processes, although participatory processes could also be adapted to enable greater access and more equal voice. These projects and practices are analysed within the wider context of the continuing neo-liberal reform of public services, exploring how the state shapes the structural and policy context which sets situational logics and conditions of possibility for these practices.
Detection of ATM Gene Mutation in Human Glioma Cell Line M059J by a Rapid Frameshift/Stop Codon Assay in Yeast

Abstract Tsuchida, R. , Yamada, T. , Takagi, M. , Shimada, A. , Ishioka, Katsuki, Y. , C. , Igarashi, T. , Chessa, L. , Delia, D. , Teraoka, H. and Mizutani, S. Detection of ATM Gene Mutation in Human Glioma Cell Line M059J by a Rapid Frameshift/Stop Codon Assay in Yeast. Radiat. Res. 158, 195–201 (2002). A yeast-based frameshift/stop codon assay for examining ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) mutations was established. Each of six fragments of a PCR-amplified coding sequence for ATM is inserted in frame by homologous recombination into a yeast URA3 fusion protein gene, and the transformants are assayed for growth in the absence of uracil. The usefulness of this assay was verified in a panel of cell lines derived from individuals with homozygous and heterozygous ATM mutations. The assay was also shown to distinguish between specimens with wild-type alleles and those with truncating mutations: a frameshift mutation or an inserted stop codon. Using this assay M059J cells, which fail to express the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (PRKDC, also known as DNA-PKcs) and are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation, were found to express two different aberrant ATM transcripts: one characterized by 4776 del 133, which corresponds to the deletion of exon 33, and the other by 4909 ins 116. Subsequent analysis of the intron sequences revealed that 4909 ins 116 is comprised of a nucleotide sequence corresponding to 84013–84128 in intron 33 with a cryptic splice site. Thus the radiosensitive phenotype of M059J cells appears to be due to a defect in PRKDC and a truncating ATM mutation.
Women's Perceptions of Neighborhood Resources and Hazards Related to Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking: Focus Group Results from Economically Distinct Neighborhoods in a Mid-Sized U.S. City

Purpose. To investigate women's perceptions of neighborhood resources and hazards associated with poor diet, physical inactivity, and cigarette smoking. Design. After interviewing city officials and analyzing visual assessments, three economically distinct neighborhoods in a mid-sized city were selected. Setting. Salinas, California, a predominantly Latino city. Methods. Eight focus groups, conducted in Spanish or English in the three neighborhoods. Thematic coding of focus group transcripts identified key concepts. Women also mapped their perceived neighborhood boundaries. Participants. Women who had at least one child under age 18 living with them. Results. Women identified food stores, parks, recreation areas, and schools as key resources in their neighborhoods. They identified fast food restaurants, convenience stores, violent crime, gangs, and drug-associated issues as “hazards. ” Distinctions between resources and hazards were not always clear cut. For example, parks were sometimes considered dangerous, and fast food restaurants were sometimes considered a convenient and inexpensive way to feed one's family. Women's perceptions of their neighborhood boundaries differed greatly by type of neighborhood—the perceived neighborhood area (in acres) drawn by women in the lower-income neighborhood was one-fourth the size of the area drawn by women in the higher-income neighborhood. Conclusion. This qualitative, exploratory study illustrates how resources and hazards in one's neighborhood cannot be viewed as having solely one dimension—each may influence health behaviors both positively and negatively.
Gender, Social Change, and Educational Attainment*

This article tests several key hypotheses regarding this fundamental social transformation. First, we investigate hypotheses regarding the impact of gender on educational attainment during the spread of mass education. Although a large body of previous research documents important gender differences in educational attainment from settings in which education is already widespread, little is known about the connections between gender and specific dimensions of the educational attainment process, such as enrollment and drop-out rates, at the onset of universal education. Second, we test hypotheses regarding the impact of social changes at the community (i.e., local) level on individual educational attainment. These hypotheses predict that macro-level changes in educational, employment, and consumption opportunities will increase school attendance.
Running Head : A hidden Markov model of Plasmid stability and horizontal transfer

Horizontal plasmid transfer plays a key role in bacterial adaptation. In harsh environments, bacterial populations adapt by sampling genetic material from a horizontal gene pool through self-transmissible plasmids, and that allows persistence of these mobile genetic elements. In the absence of selection for plasmid-encoded traits it is not well understood if and how plasmids persist in bacterial communities. Here we present three models of the dynamics of plasmid persistence in the absence of selection. The models consider plasmid loss (segregation), plasmid cost, conjugative plasmid transfer and observation error. Also, we present a stochastic model in which the relative fitness of the plasmid free cells was modeled as a random variable affected by an environmental process using a hidden Markov model (HHM). Extensive simulations showed that the estimates from the proposed model are nearly unbiased. Likelihood Ratio Tests showed that the dynamics of plasmid persistence are strongly dependent on the host type. Accounting for stochasticity was necessary to explain 4 out of 7 time series data sets, thus confirming that plasmid persistence needs to be understood as a stochastic process. This work can be viewed as a conceptual starting point under which new plasmid persistence hypotheses can be tested.
The First Class: Using Icebreakers to Facilitate Transition in a Tertiary Environment

Transitioning to university can be difficult and encompasses many changes. This paper is concerned with identifying how initial student experiences on campus can be enhanced in order to influence students’ perception of university. Universities are now under pressure to develop in graduates a wide range of skills, and we highlight the fact that equal emphasis needs to be placed on successful academic and social integration. Research reflecting processes to develop the concept of “social support” and overcome the feeling of “not belonging” at university is scarce. In this paper the concept of icebreakers in the first weeks of student university experience is explored. Icebreakers can also be used as students move to new learning situations through their learning journey. We trialled icebreaking activities in a workshop program designed to facilitate student engagement and develop particular graduate skills. Practical examples from both across and within disciplines are provided. Comments from workshop participants highlight the outcomes of these activities and provide criteria for success.