Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tagetitoxin inhibits transcription by stabilizing pre-translocated state of the elongation complex

Transcription elongation consists of repetition of the nucleotide addition cycle: phosphodiester bond formation, translocation and binding of the next nucleotide. Inhibitor of multi-subunit RNA polymerase tagetitoxin (TGT) enigmatically slows down addition of nucleotides in a sequence-dependent manner, only at certain positions of the template. Here, we show that TGT neither affects chemistry of RNA synthesis nor induces backward translocation, nor competes with the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) in the active center. Instead, TGT increases the stability of the pre-translocated state of elongation complex, thus slowing down addition of the following nucleotide. We show that the extent of inhibition directly depends on the intrinsic stability of the pre-translocated state. The dependence of translocation equilibrium on the transcribed sequence results in a wide distribution (∼1–103-fold) of inhibitory effects of TGT at different positions of the template, thus explaining sequence-specificity of TGT action. We provide biochemical evidence that, in pre-translocated state, TGT stabilizes folded conformation of the Trigger Loop, which inhibits forward and backward translocation of the complex. The results suggest that Trigger Loop folding in the pre-translocated state may serve to reduce backtracking of the elongation complex. Overall, we propose that translocation may be a limiting and highly regulated step of RNA synthesis.
Performance of WCDMA high speed packet data

WCDMA release 5 supports peak bitrates for data services in the order of 10 Mbit/s, together with reduced delays and increased system throughput. In this paper, a brief introduction to release 5 is given and radio resource management principles associated with the high speed packet data bearers are discussed. Scheduling performance for WWW services, provision of bearers for streaming services, as well as the simultaneous use of high speed packet data bearers and conversational bearers is elaborated upon. Simulation results indicate that with appropriate radio resource management, all the above challenges may be successfully dealt with.
Current Mood vs. Recalled Impacts of Current Moods after Exposures to Sequences of Uncertain Monetary Outcomes

Events in a sequence may each be evaluated as good or bad. We propose that such good-bad evaluations evoke emotional responses that change current mood. A model of recurrent updating of current mood is developed and compared to a model of how a sequence of events evoking emotional responses is evaluated retrospectively. In Experiment 1, 149 undergraduates are presented sequences of lottery outcomes with a fixed probability of losing or winning different amounts of money. Ratings of current mood are made after the sequence. Retrospective evaluations are either made after the ratings of current mood or, in a control condition, when no ratings of current mood are made. The results show an expected effect on current mood of the valence of the end of the sequence. The results are less clear in showing an expected beginning effect on the retrospective evaluations. An expected beginning effect on retrospective evaluations is found in Experiment 2 in which 41 undergraduates are first asked to remember the different amounts of money, then to evaluate the sequence as lottery outcomes.
Towards More Intelligent Mobile Search

As the mobile Internet continues to grow there is an increasing need to provide users with effective search facilities. In this paper we argue that the standard Web search approach of providing snippet text alongside each result is not appropriate given the interface limitations of mobile devices. Instead we evaluate an alternative approach involving the use of related queries in place of snippet text for result gisting.
High Spectral Resolution Observations of the Massive Stars in the Galactic Center

We present high-resolution near-infrared spectra, obtained with the NIRSPEC spectrograph on the W. M. Keck II Telescope, of a collection of hot, massive stars within the central 25'' of the Galactic center. We have identified a total of 21 emission-line stars, seven of which are new radial velocity detections, with five of those being classified as He I emission-line stars for the first time. These stars fall into two categories based on their spectral properties: (1) those with narrow 2.112, 2.113 μm He I doublet absorption lines, and (2) those with broad 2.058 μm He I emission lines. These data have the highest spectral resolution ever obtained for these sources and, as a result, both components of the absorption doublet are separately resolved for the first time. We use these spectral features to measure radial velocities. The majority of the measured radial velocities have relative errors of 20 km s-1, smaller than those previously obtained with proper-motion or radial velocity measurements for similar stellar samples in the Galactic center. The radial velocities estimated from the He I absorption doublet are more robust than those previously estimated from the 2.058 μm emission line, since they do not suffer from confusion due to emission from the surrounding ISM. Using this velocity information, we agree with previous stellar velocity studies that the stars are orbiting in a somewhat coherent manner but are not as defined into a disk or disks as previously thought. Finally, multiepoch radial velocity measurements for IRS 16NE show a change in its velocity, presumably due to an unseen stellar companion.
Adolescent coping styles in a sample of Singaporean students

This paper presents data on the ways Singaporean adolescents choose to cope with problems. A sample of 467 secondary school students completed the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS: Frydenberg & Lewis, 1993) which yields data on eighteen potential coping scales, namely, (1) Seek Social Support, (2) Focus on Solving the Problem, (3) Work Hard and Achieve, (4) Worry, (5) Invest in Close Friends, (6) Seek to Belong, (7) Wishful Thinking, (8) Not Coping, (9) Tension Reduction, (10) Social Action, (11) Ignore the Problem, (12) Self-Blame, (13) Keep to Self, (14) Seek Spiritual Support, (15) Focus on the Positive, (16) Seek Professional Help, (17) Seek Relaxing Diversions, and (18) Physical Recreation. The association between coping style and gender, school and stream will be presented. ________________________________________________________________________ ___ Paper presented at Joint Conference of the Singapore Educational Research Association and Australian Association for Research in Education, Singapore, 25 29 November, 1996
Effectiveness Analysis of Deriving Priority Vectors from Reciprocal Pairwise Comparison Matrices

Pairwise comparison is commonly used to estimate the priority values of finite alternatives with respect to a given criterion. We evaluate seven specially selected direct methods of estimating priority vectors from reciprocal pairwise comparison matrices under four effectiveness measures. A simulation experiment is designed starting with true priority vectors that represent difficult cases of "no obvious best alternative" and "two equal best alternatives". The simulation results suggest that the geometric mean method is in general the best method with the normalized column mean method as a close second best.
Behavioral Principles Governing Conditioned Food Aversions Based on Deception

We often are unable to reduce wildlife damage because of our inability to apply a repellent directly to the plant, animal, or item that needs protection. Conditioned food aversions based on deception (CFABD) is one method that can be used to extend protection to these items (hereafter called models). In CFABD, the model is not treated; instead mimics of the model are created and then treated with a chemical that will sicken, but not kill, the animal consuming them. This approach is a reverse form of Batesian mimicry; normally the models are poisonous and the mimics are innocuous. Yet, the behavioral and ecological principles governing Batesian mimicry should also apply to CFABD. For instance, in both Batesian mimicry and CFABD, models and mimics must be indistinguishable to the predator before it will generalize an aversion from poisonous to palatable prey. Unfortunately, mimics have not been similar to models in many attempts to use CFABD, and, not surprisingly, the results have been negative. Based on our knowledge of Batesian mimicry, I hypothesize that if mimics and models are indistinguishable, animals will stop consuming models when the costs (in terms of illness) of making a mistake and consuming a poisonous mimic outweigh the nutritional benefits of consuming a model. This implies that key variables affecting the success of CFABD include illness severity, nutritional value of the model, ratio of mimics to models, and alternate sources of nutrients.
Video analysis of pair programming

This article presents the results of a video analysis of nine pair programming sessions of undergraduate students. The analysis focuses on the keyboard and mouse control of the programming partners. It shows that most pairs do not share the keyboard and mouse equally but rather have one partner who is more active than the other. Keyboard and mouse control changes frequently, casting doubt on the existence of the driver and navigator role as commonly defined in literature on extreme programming.
Timing models for the long orbital period binary pulsar PSR B1259–63

The pulsar PSR B1259–63 is in a highly eccentric 3.4-yr orbit with the Be star SS 2883. Timing observations of this pulsar, made over a 7-yr period using the Parkes 64-m radio telescope, cover two periastron passages, in 1990 August and 1994 January. The timing data cannot be fitted by the normal pulsar and Keplerian binary parameters. A timing solution including a (non-precessing) Keplerian orbit and timing noise (represented as a polynomial of fifth order in time) provides a satisfactory fit to the data. However, because the Be star probably has a significant quadrupole moment, we prefer to interpret the data by a combination of timing noise, dominated by a cubic phase term, and ω. and x. terms. We show that the ω. and x. terms are likely to be a result of a precessing orbit caused by the quadrupole moment of the tilted companion star. We further rule out a number of possible physical effects which could contribute to the timing data of PSR B1259–63 on a measurable level.
Ventromedial Frontal Lobe Plays a Critical Role in Facial Emotion Recognition

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been implicated in a variety of emotion processes. However, findings regarding the role of this region specifically in emotion recognition have been mixed. We used a sensitive facial emotion recognition task to compare the emotion recognition performance of 7 subjects with lesions confined to ventromedial prefrontal regions, 8 subjects with lesions elsewhere in prefrontal cortex, and 16 healthy control subjects. We found that emotion recognition was impaired following ventromedial, but not dorsal or lateral, prefrontal damage. This impairment appeared to be quite general, with lower overall ratings or more confusion between all six emotions examined. We also explored the relationship between emotion recognition performance and the ability of the same patients to experience transient happiness and sadness during a laboratory mood induction. We found some support for a relationship between sadness recognition and experience. Taken together, our results indicate that the ventromedial frontal lobe plays a crucial role in facial emotion recognition, and suggest that this deficit may be related to the subjective experience of emotion.
Nerve Growth Factor Antiserum Induces Axotomy-Like Changes in Neuropeptide Expression in Intact Sympathetic and Sensory Neurons

Axonal transection of adult sympathetic and sensory neurons leads to a decrease in their content of target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) and to dramatic changes in the expression of several neuropeptides and enzymes involved in transmitter biosynthesis. For example, axotomy of sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) dramatically increases levels of galanin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and substance P and their respective mRNAs and decreases mRNA levels for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Axotomy of sensory neurons in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) increases protein and mRNA levels for galanin and VIP and decreases levels for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). To assess whether reduction in the availability of endogenous NGF might play an important role in triggering these changes, we injected nonoperated animals with an antiserum against NGF (αNGF). αNGF increased levels of peptide and mRNA for galanin and VIP in neurons in both the SCG and DRG. NPY protein and mRNA were decreased in the SCG, but levels of TH protein and mRNA remained unchanged. In sensory neurons the levels of SP and CGRP protein decreased after αNGF treatment. These data suggest that the reduction in levels of NGF in sympathetic and sensory neurons after axotomy is partly responsible for the subsequent changes in neuropeptide expression. Thus, the peptide phenotype of these axotomized neurons is regulated both by the induction of an “injury factor,” leukemia inhibitory factor, as shown previously, and by the reduction in a target-derived growth factor.
SHELL GROWTH IN THE SCALLOP ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS. I. ISOTOPE INCORPORATION WITH REFERENCE TO DIURNAL GROWTH.

1. Incorporation of calcium and carbonate into shell has been studied in the scallop Argopecten irradians using 45Ca and 14C-bicarbonate. 2. The incorporation of 45Ca and 14C-carbonate into shell was linear with time after a lag period of 1 to 2 hours. The shell-forming mantle tissue attained a steady state with respect to 45Ca in the sea water medium within 2 hours. 3. The molar ratio of 45Ca to 14C-carbonate deposited in shell was not significantly different from unity during 5 hours. 4. The rate of incorporation of 14C-carbonate into shell was highest at the ventral edge and extremely low in the central and hinge areas. 5. The rate of incorporation at the ventral shell edge did not change with increase in shell size. 6. The rate of incorporation of carbonate was low at night when growth ridges form and increased 3-fold at midday when growth ridges are not being formed. 7. The protein content of the shell ridges was 32.9 ± 3.9% and the protein content of the shell including ridges was 16.0 ± 2.1%.
FGFR1-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition through MAPK/PLCγ/COX-2-Mediated Mechanisms

Tumour invasion and metastasis is the most common cause of death from cancer. For epithelial cells to invade surrounding tissues and metastasise, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is required. We have demonstrated that FGFR1 expression is increased in bladder cancer and that activation of FGFR1 induces an EMT in urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines. Here, we created an in vitro FGFR1-inducible model of EMT, and used this model to identify regulators of urothelial EMT. FGFR1 activation promoted EMT over a period of 72 hours. Initially a rapid increase in actin stress fibres occurred, followed by an increase in cell size, altered morphology and increased migration and invasion. By using site-directed mutagenesis and small molecule inhibitors we demonstrated that combined activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) pathways regulated this EMT. Actin stress fibre formation was regulated by PLCγ activation, and was also important for the increase in cell size, migration and altered morphology. MAPK activation regulated migration and E-cadherin expression, indicating that combined activation of PLCγand MAPK is required for a full EMT. We used expression microarrays to assess changes in gene expression downstream of these signalling cascades. COX-2 was transcriptionally upregulated by FGFR1 and caused increased intracellular prostaglandin E2 levels, which promoted migration. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that FGFR1 activation in UC cells lines promotes EMT via coordinated activation of multiple signalling pathways and by promoting activation of prostaglandin synthesis.
Implementing and assessing the hybrid ideation space: a cognitive artefact for conceptual design

Actual 3D modelling tools and virtual reality systems are affecting creativity during the early stages of the design process. They are often used as communication tools (passive) rather than ideation tools (active) because of their interface complexity. Among other reasons, this is due to abstract commands that demand precision in the execution and always suggest inconsistent default values. This situation is hindering the representational conversation and cognitive artefacts during the design process. Being adapted to this task, ideation is still being done through analogue tools such as sketches and physical models, which are direct ways of representation with the ambiguity, inaccuracy and abstraction of their intuitive depictions. This paper presents the implementation and evaluation of a new innovative system: the Hybrid Ideation Space. This system allows users to sketch and make models all around them in real-time and in scale using a digital tablet and an immersive projection device.
To pay or not to pay?: An investigation of the direct and moderating effects of community context on citizen willingness to fund the police

This study builds on the literature examining the relationship between community context and the police to determine how measures associated with social disorganization are related to taxpayer willingness to fund policing services. With a sample of 770 survey respondents residing in Pennsylvania, multinomial logistic regression models were utilized to assess the impact of community contextual variables representing social disorganization theory on willingness to pay (or not pay) for the police. The dependent variable measures not only if residents are willing to pay increased funds for the police, but also if they would prefer to reduce police services or receive combined police services. The results indicate that community contextual measures are not directly associated with willingness to pay for the police, but serve to moderate the relationship between satisfaction with the police and willingness to pay for police services. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Differences in intestinal microbiota between avian brood parasites and their hosts

The intestinal microbiota determines the effectiveness of digestion in vertebrates, and is influenced by the external environment (mainly the diet), gut characteristics, and phylogeny. Avian brood-parasitic nestlings of the sub-family Cuculinae develop in nests of phylogenetically distant passerines and can be fed with the host diet. If the shaping of bacterial communities is dominated by phylogenetic constraints, and therefore the microbiota of parasitic nestlings differs from that of host nestlings, the energy and micronutrients that parasites and hosts obtain from a similar amount of food would be different. In this case, the bacterial communities of parasitic and host nestlings would have important consequences with respect to brood parasite development. By experimentally creating mixed broods of magpies (Pica pica) and great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius), we investigated their cloacal microbiota using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. We found significant differences in bacterial assemblages of the parasitic and host nestlings, although none of the phylotypes were specific in either great spotted cuckoos or magpies. Cuckoos presented more complex communities, which could help the brood parasitic life style and allow the digestion of food provided by different potential hosts. Moreover, the intestinal morphology is different between the two species due to phylogenetic differences in the two taxa, which would influence the dissimilar bacterial assemblages. The detected differences in microbiota of great spotted cuckoo and magpie nestlings, which might occur in other brood parasite–host systems, may imply a lower digestion efficiency in parasites. Thus, the higher level requirements of cuckoo nestlings may be explained, at least in part, by cuckoos having a suboptimal bacterial community for processing the host diet. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 406–414. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Clamator glandarius – cloacal bacteria – Pica pica – ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis.
Nuclear energy and sustainable development 1 1

The year 2015 will bring key milestones in two areas related to global energy policies and governance: sustainable development and climate change. The current United Nations (UN) sustainable development framework, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), will terminate in 2015 and a new programme will start based on a new set of 'Sustainable Development Goals'. The Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) mandates parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (2012) " to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention " that will provide the global framework for managing the climate change problem, in particular the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions after 2020. The two areas are inextricably linked through two key components of sustainable development: energy and climate. The targets, allocation of mitigation commitments and resources, and modalities of implementation of the post-Kyoto climate agreement will significantly affect not only the environmental and resource pillar of sustainable development but also the economic and social pillars. International negotiations are underway in both of these areas. Some progress has been made but there is still a long way to go until formal agreements can be signed. Therefore it is particularly important to define analytical and policy frameworks that allow all stakeholders consider the full range of options that might foster progress towards achieving sustainable development and climate change mitigation goals in an environmentally effective and economically efficient way. Energy plays a key role in both areas. Energy has been seen as a crucial enabler of achieving the MDGs in the near term (Brew-Hammond, 2012) and of transition to long-term sustainable development (United Nations (UN), 2011) while energy-related GHG emissions are the single most important drivers of anthropogenic climate change. 2. Potential contribution of nuclear energy to sustainable development This special issue explores the potential contribution of nuclear energy to solving the sustainable development challenge. In addition to all components of economic development (ending poverty, providing employment, access to food and water) and social development (equity, safety, health, education), efficient use of natural resources and protecting the environment are key components of sustainable development. To attain sustainable development and large scale GHG emissions reductions, all technology options will be required, including " many types of renewables, carbon capture and storage, nuclear power, smart grids and new transport technologies to promote energy security and …
Antecedents of memorable tourism experience related to behavioral intentions

This study investigates the antecedent factors of memorable tourism experience (MTE) and their relationship to visitors’ behavioral intentions (BIs); Kim, Ritchie, & McCormick, ). Based on a survey of 314 structured interviews among visitors to the zoo and museum in Rovaniemi, Finland, the study reveals different MTE dimensions than in Kim et al.’s study. Only four factors—hedonism, local culture, involvement, and knowledge—influence visitors’ BIs. The results suggest the need to rebuild the scale of MTE by incorporating other relevant dimensions.