Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of hormones and hormone metabolites on the growth of schwann cells derived from embryonic stem cells and on tumor cell lines expressing variable levels of neurofibromin

Loss of neurofibromin, the protein product of the tumor suppressor gene neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), is associated with neurofibromas, composed largely of Schwann cells. The number and size of neurofibromas in NF1 patients have been shown to increase during pregnancy. A mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) model was used, in which mESCs with varying levels of neurofibromin were differentiated into Schwann‐like cells. NF1 cell lines derived from a malignant and a benign human tumor were used to study proliferation in response to hormones. Estrogen and androgen receptors were not expressed or expressed at very low levels in the NF1+/+ cells, at low levels in NF1+/−cells, and robust levels in NF1−/−cells. A 17β‐estradiol (E2) metabolite, 2‐methoxy estradiol (2ME2) is cytotoxic to the NF1−/− malignant tumor cell line, and inhibits proliferation in the other cell lines. 2ME2 or its derivatives could provide new treatment avenues for NF1 hormone‐sensitive tumors at times of greatet hormonal influence. Developmental Dynamics 237:513–524, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital Primary Essential Cutis Verticis Gyrata

The patient present herein is unique because, unlike most cases of primary CVG, he presented with congenital asymmetric folds extending on to the forehead and has no associated medical problems. As discussed, most cases of primary CVG occur postpubertal, rarely occurring at birth. Only 10 cases of congenital primary CVG have been reported, of which 9 were reported in girls with Turner's syndrome and the other was of a female infant with a normal karyotype but severe developmental delay and hypotonia, making these all nonessential cases.3,8 This is the first documented case of congenital primary essential CVG in the literature. Because of the location and size of the folds, complete excision with primary closure was performed. To achieve an optimal closure, undermining in the subgaleal plane was done to maximize advancement of the adjacent soft tissue. Care was taken to reapproximate the hairline to avoid distortion, and multiple adjacent Z-plasties were created within the hair-bearing scalp to hide the future scar.
Time evolution of the radio continuum of young starbursts: the importance of synchrotron emission

We investigate the radio spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of young star-forming galaxies and how they evolve with time. The duration and luminosity of the nonthermal radio emission from supernova remnants (SNRs) are constrained by using the observational radio SEDs of SBS 0335-052 and I Zw 18, which are the two lowest-metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxies in the nearby universe. The typical radio "fluence" for SNRs in SBS 0335-052, that is the radio energy emitted per SNR over its radiative lifetime, is estimated to be ∼6-22 × 10 22 W Hz -1 yr at 5 GHz. On the other hand, the radio fluence in IZw 18 is ∼1-3 x 10 22 W Hz -1 yr at 5 GHz. We discuss the origin of this variation and propose scaling relations between synchrotron luminosity and gas density. We have also predicted the time dependence of the radio spectral index and of the spectrum itself, for both the "active" (SBS 0335-052) and "passive" (IZw 18) cases. These models enable us to roughly age date and classify radio spectra of star-forming galaxies into active/passive classes. Implications for high-z galaxy evolution are also discussed.
Zebrafish lines expressing UAS‐driven red probes for monitoring cytoskeletal dynamics

Actin filaments and microtubules are principal components of the cytoskeleton that regulate the basic cellular phenomena underlying many fundamental cellular processes. Therefore, analyzing their dynamics in living cells is important for understanding cellular events more precisely. In this article, we report two novel transgenic zebrafish lines expressing red fluorescent proteins tagged with Lifeact or EB1 that interact with actin filaments and microtubule plus ends, respectively, under the control of the GAL4‐UAS system. Using these transgenic lines, we could detect F‐actin and microtubule plus end dynamics in specific tissues of living zebrafish embryos by crossing with GAL4 driver lines. In addition, we could achieve multi‐color imaging using these transgenic lines with GFP‐expressing transgenic lines. Therefore, our transgenic lines that carry UAS‐driven red fluorescent cytoskeletal probes are useful tools for analyzing spatiotemporal changes of the cytoskeletal elements using multicolor live imaging.
The Crime Reduction Effects of Public CCTV Cameras: A Multi‐Method Spatial Approach

Public Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) initiatives have been utilized as methods of monitoring public space for over two decades. Evaluations of these efforts to reduce crime have been mixed. Furthermore, there has been a paucity of rigorous evaluations of cameras located in the USA. In this analysis, crime in the viewshed of publicly funded CCTV cameras in Philadelphia, PA, is examined using two evaluation techniques: hierarchical linear modeling and weighted displacement quotients. An analysis that incorporates controls for long‐term trends and seasonality finds that the introduction of cameras is associated with a 13% reduction in crime. The evaluation suggests that while there appears to be a general benefit to the cameras, there were as many sites that showed no benefit of camera presence as there were locations with a positive outcome on crime. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Stereological analysis of size and density of hepatocytes in the porcine liver

The porcine liver is frequently used as a large animal model for verification of surgical techniques, as well as experimental therapies. Often, a histological evaluation is required that include measurements of the size, nuclearity or density of hepatocytes. Our aims were to assess the mean number‐weighted volume of hepatocytes, the numerical density of hepatocytes, and the fraction of binuclear hepatocytes (BnHEP) in the porcine liver, and compare the distribution of these parameters among hepatic lobes and macroscopic regions of interest (ROIs) with different positions related to the liver vasculature. Using disector and nucleator as design‐based stereological methods, the morphometry of hepatocytes was quantified in seven healthy piglets. The samples were obtained from all six hepatic lobes and three ROIs (peripheral, paracaval and paraportal) within each lobe. Histological sections (thickness 16 μm) of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded material were stained with the periodic acid‐Schiff reaction to indicate the cell outlines and were assessed in a series of 3‐μm‐thick optical sections. The mean number‐weighted volume of mononuclear hepatocytes (MnHEP) in all samples was 3670 ± 805 μm3 (mean ± SD). The mean number‐weighted volume of BnHEP was 7050 ± 2550 μm3. The fraction of BnHEP was 4 ± 2%. The numerical density of all hepatocytes was 146 997 ± 15 738 cells mm−3 of liver parenchyma. The porcine hepatic lobes contained hepatocytes of a comparable size, nuclearity and density. No significant differences were identified between the lobes. The peripheral ROIs of the hepatic lobes contained the largest MnHEP with the smallest numerical density. The distribution of a larger MnHEP was correlated with a larger volume of BnHEP and a smaller numerical density of all hepatocytes. Practical recommendations for designing studies that involve stereological evaluations of the size, nuclearity and density of hepatocytes in porcine liver are provided.
Nicotiana benthamiana as a Production Platform for Artemisinin Precursors

Background Production of pharmaceuticals in plants provides an alternative for chemical synthesis, fermentation or natural sources. Nicotiana benthamiana is deployed at commercial scale for production of therapeutic proteins. Here the potential of this plant is explored for rapid production of precursors of artemisinin, a sesquiterpenoid compound that is used for malaria treatment. Methodology/Principal Findings Biosynthetic genes leading to artemisinic acid, a precursor of artemisinin, were combined and expressed in N. benthamiana by agro-infiltration. The first committed precursor of artemisinin, amorpha-4,11-diene, was produced upon infiltration of a construct containing amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, accompanied by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Amorpha-4,11-diene was detected both in extracts and in the headspace of the N. benthamiana leaves. When the amorphadiene oxidase CYP71AV1 was co-infiltrated with the amorphadiene-synthesizing construct, the amorpha-4,11-diene levels strongly decreased, suggesting it was oxidized. Surprisingly, no anticipated oxidation products, such as artemisinic acid, were detected upon GC-MS analysis. However, analysis of leaf extracts with a non-targeted metabolomics approach, using LC-QTOF-MS, revealed the presence of another compound, which was identified as artemisinic acid-12-β-diglucoside. This compound accumulated to 39.5 mg.kg−1 fwt. Apparently the product of the heterologous pathway that was introduced, artemisinic acid, is further metabolized efficiently by glycosyl transferases that are endogenous to N. benthamiana. Conclusion/Significance This work shows that agroinfiltration of N. bentamiana can be used as a model to study the production of sesquiterpenoid pharmaceutical compounds. The interaction between the ectopically introduced pathway and the endogenous metabolism of the plant is discussed.
Rhes and AGS1/Dexras1 affect signaling by dopamine D1 receptors through adenylyl cyclase

The GTP binding proteins Rhes and AGS1/Dexras1 define a subfamily of the Ras superfamily and have been shown to affect signaling by G‐protein‐coupled receptors. We tested the effects of both proteins at an early stage of signaling by dopamine receptors, activation of adenylyl cyclase. Rhes decreased dopamine D1 receptor agonist‐stimulated cAMP accumulation in a pertussis toxin‐sensitive manner. It had no effect on cAMP accumulation in the absence of agonist. AGS1/Dexras1, on the other hand, decreased cAMP accumulation in both vehicle‐treated and agonist‐treated cells, resulting in a higher percentage of stimulation by agonist or a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio. The effects of AGS1/Dexras1 on cAMP accumulation were not blocked by pertussis toxin, suggesting that it may produce these effects through interaction with a Gαi monomer. Both Rhes and AGS1/Dexras1 were associated with GTP‐bound Gαi in pull‐down assays. However, Rhes had no effect on the ability of activated D2 receptor to inhibit cAMP. Neither Rhes nor AGS1/Dexras1 interacted with the D1 receptor in pull‐down assays. These findings show that, in addition to its well‐known effects on signaling through Gi‐coupled receptors, AGS1/Dexras1 can affect signaling through a Gs/olf‐coupled receptor. Furthermore, the results suggest that Rhes exerts some of its effects by interacting with Gαi. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A reconfigurable buck-boost switched capacitor converter architecture for multiple, distributed on-chip load applications

This paper presents the design of a dual-output reconfigurable buck-boost switched capacitor converter architecture that can be adapted for applications requiring multiple, distributed on-chip loads. This system uses adaptive gain control and discrete frequency scaling to regulate power delivered. Core-interleaving and an enhanced load regulation scheme have also been adopted to improve performance. The converter provides a fully-integrated, low-area and fully digital solution. Design and implementation using a standard bulk CMOS 0. 18μm process provide simulation results showing that the converter has an output voltage range of 1.0-2.2V, can deliver up to 5mA in load current and is up to 67% efficient.
British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey

R. JENKINS, P. BEBBINGTON, T. S. BRUGHA, M. FARRELL, G. LEWIS and H. MELTZER There is mounting evidence of the massive global health burden of mental illness (Murray & Lopez, 1996; Jenkins, 1997). Within Great Britain, the Department of Health's overall objectives for mental ill- ness were summarised as follows (Depart- ment of Health, 1993): (a) To reduce the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders. (b) To reduce the mortality associated with mental disorders.
GROWTH OF TAYLOR COEFFICIENTS OVER COMPLEX HOMOGENEOUS SPACES

Given a non-negative Hermitian form on the dual of the Lie algebra of a complex Lie group, one can associate to it a (possibly degenerate) Laplacian on the Lie group. Under Hörmander’s condition on the Laplacian there exists a smooth time-dependent measure, convolution by which gives the semigroup generated by the Laplacian. Fixing a positive time, we may form the Hilbert space of holomorphic functions on the group which are square integrable with respect to this “heat kernel” measure. At the same time, under Hörmander’s condition, the given Hermitian form extends to a time dependent norm on the dual of the universal enveloping algebra. In previous work we have shown that, for each positive time, the Taylor map, which sends a holomorphic function to its set of Taylor coefficients at the identity element, is a unitary map from the previous Hilbert space of square integrable holomorphic functions onto a Hilbert space contained in the dual of the universal enveloping algebra. The present paper is concerned with the behavior of these two families of Hilbert spaces when the Lie group is replaced by a product of complex Lie groups or by a quotient by a not necessarily normal subgroup. We obtain thereby the first example of unitarity of the Taylor map for a complex manifold which is not a Lie group. In addition, we determine the behavior of these spaces as the given Hermitian form varies.
Systematic Regional Variations of GABA, Glutamine, and Glutamate Concentrations Follow Receptor Fingerprints of Human Cingulate Cortex

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of glutamatergic or GABAergic measures in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was found altered in psychiatric disorders and predictive of interindividual variations of functional responses in healthy populations. Several ACC subregions have been parcellated into receptor-architectonically different portions with heterogeneous fingerprints for excitatory and inhibitory receptors. Similarly, these subregions overlap with functionally distinct regions showing opposed signal changes toward stimulation or resting conditions. We therefore investigated whether receptor-architectonical and functional segregation of the cingulate cortex in humans was also reflected in its local concentrations of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and GABA. To accomplish a multiregion estimation of all three metabolites in one robust and reliable session, we used an optimized 7T-stimulated echo-acquisition mode method with variable-rate selective excitation pulses. Our results demonstrated that, ensuring high data retest reliability, four cingulate subregions discerning e.g., pregenual ACC (pgACC) from anterior mid-cingulate cortex showed different metabolite concentrations and ratios reflective of regionally specific inhibition/excitation balance. These findings could be controlled for potential influences of local gray matter variations or MRS voxel-placement deviations. Pregenual ACC was found to have significantly higher GABA and Glu concentrations than other regions. This pattern was not paralleled by Gln concentrations, which for both absolute and relative values showed a rostrocaudal gradient with highest values in pgACC. Increased excitatory Glu and inhibitory GABA in pgACC were shown to follow a regional segregation agreeing with recently shown receptor-architectonic GABAB receptor distribution in ACC, whereas Gln distribution followed a pattern of AMPA receptors.
Corticotropin-releasing factor increases mouse ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron firing through a protein kinase C-dependent enhancement of I h

Neuroscience Graduate Program at University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Emeryville, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Neurology and Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Crystal Structure of Human Herpesvirus 6B Tegument Protein U14

The tegument protein U14 of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) constitutes the viral virion structure and is essential for viral growth. To define the characteristics and functions of U14, we determined the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of HHV-6B U14 (U14-NTD) at 1.85 Å resolution. U14-NTD forms an elongated helix-rich fold with a protruding β hairpin. U14-NTD exists as a dimer exhibiting broad electrostatic interactions and a network of hydrogen bonds. This is first report of the crystal structure and dimerization of HHV-6B U14. The surface of the U14-NTD dimer reveals multiple clusters of negatively- and positively-charged residues that coincide with potential functional sites of U14. Three successive residues, L424, E425 and V426, which relate to viral growth, reside on the β hairpin close to the dimer's two-fold axis. The hydrophobic side-chains of L424 and V426 that constitute a part of a hydrophobic patch are solvent-exposed, indicating the possibility that the β hairpin region is a key functional site of HHV-6 U14. Structure-based sequence comparison suggests that U14-NTD corresponds to the core fold conserved among U14 homologs, human herpesvirus 7 U14, and human cytomegalovirus UL25 and UL35, although dimerization appears to be a specific feature of the U14 group.
A regulator of the flagellar regulon of Escherichia coli, flhD, also affects cell division

The role of an activator of flagellar transcription in Escherichia coli, flhD, was investigated in the regulation of cell division. When grown in tryptone broth, flhD mutant cells divided exponentially until they reached a cell density of 2.5 x 10(9) cells per ml. Wild-type cells and flhC mutant cells divided exponentially until they reached a cell density of 4 x 10(7) cells per ml. flhD mutant cells divided 5 times more than wild-type cells before they reduced their cell division rate and reached a cell density 37 times higher than that of wild-type or flhC mutant cultures. In stationary phase, the biomasses of all cultures were similar; however, flhD mutant cells were significantly smaller. Additional tryptone, Casamino Acids, and individual amino acids, added at the beginning of growth, allowed wild-type cells to grow to higher cell densities. Serine was determined to have the greatest effect. In contrast, the addition of Casamino Acids did not exhibit an effect upon flhD mutant cells. flhD mutant cells exhibited normal rates of uptake of serine and other amino acids. In both wild-type and flhD mutant cultures, the concentrations of serine in the media dropped from 140 to 20 microM within the first 2 h of growth. Serine concentrations and cell division rates were highly correlated. Wild-type cells reduced their cell division rate at a medium concentration of 50 microM serine, and the addition of serine at this time caused cells to resume a higher rate of division. We conclude that the reduction of the cell division rate in wild-type cells is caused by the depletion of serine from the medium and that flhD mutant cells seem to be unable to sense this depletion.
Validation of a model of information seeking over multiple search sessions

Most information systems share a common assumption: information seeking is discrete. Such an assumption neither reflects real-life information seeking processes nor conforms to the perspective of phenomenology, "life is a journey constituted by continuous acquisition of knowledge. " Thus, this study develops and validates a theoretical model that explains successive search experience for essentially the same information problem. The proposed model is called Multiple Information Seeking Episodes (MISE), which consists of four dimensions: problematic situation, information problem, information seeking process, episodes. Eight modes of multiple information seeking episodes are identified and specified with properties of the four dimensions of MISE. The results partially validate MISE by finding that the original MISE model is highly accurate, but less sufficient in characterizing successive searches; all factors in the MISE model are empirically confirmed, but new factors are identified as well. The revised MISE model is shifted from the user-centered to the interaction-centered perspective, taking into account factors of searcher, system, search activity, search context, information attainment, and information use activities.
Psychological factors in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

More than one hundred years ago, Sir William Osler noted that 'oesophagismus is met with in hysterical patients and hypochondriacs . the idiopathic form is found in females of a marked neurotic habit'. 2 Since then the role of psychological factors in many oesophageal disorders has been well documented. These include the nutcracker oesophagus which causes chest pain and upper oesophageal sphincter abnormalities that may manifest as globus. However, unlike gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), these disorders are not among the most
A model with no magic set

Abstract We will prove that there exists a model of ZFC+“c =” in which every M ⊆ ℝ of cardinality less than continuum c is meager, and such that for every X ⊆ ℝ of cardinality c there exists a continuous function f : ℝ → ℝ with f[X] = [0, 1]. In particular in this model there is no magic set, i.e., a set M ⊆ ℝ such that the equation f[M] = g[M] implies f = g for every continuous nowhere constant functions f,g: ℝ → ℝ.
Primary Cutaneous B‐Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Arising from a Long‐Standing Lesion in a Child and Review of the Literature

Precursor B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (B‐LBL) is a rare entity and primary cutaneous B‐LBL is an even more uncommon diagnosis that typically affects children. A 4‐year‐old boy presented with a persistent rash on his left cheek for almost 2 years and was found to have primary cutaneous B‐LBL. We report this case to emphasize that B‐LBL should be in the differential diagnosis for an otherwise unimpressive persistent lesion in the head and neck region and review all reported pediatric cases of primary cutaneous B‐LBL without extracutaneous involvement.