Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol industry corporate social responsibility initiatives and harmful drinking: a systematic review

Abstract Background There is growing awareness of the detrimental effects of alcohol industry commercial activities, and concern about possible adverse impacts of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, on public health. The aims of this systematic review were to summarize and examine what is known about CSR initiatives undertaken by alcohol industry actors in respect of harmful drinking globally. Methods We searched for peer-reviewed studies published since 1980 of alcohol industry CSR initiatives in seven electronic databases. The basic search strategy was organized around the three constructs of ‘alcohol’, ‘industry’ and ‘corporate social responsibility’. We performed the searches on 21 July 2017. Data from included studies were analyzed inductively, according to the extent to which they addressed specified research objectives. Results A total of 21 studies were included. We identified five types of CSR initiatives relevant to the reduction of harmful drinking: alcohol information and education provision; drink driving prevention; research involvement; policy involvement and the creation of social aspects organizations. Individual companies appear to undertake different CSR initiatives than do industry-funded social aspects organizations. There is no robust evidence that alcohol industry CSR initiatives reduce harmful drinking. There is good evidence, however, that CSR initiatives are used to influence the framing of the nature of alcohol-related issues in line with industry interests. Conclusions This research literature is at an early stage of development. Alcohol policy measures to reduce harmful drinking are needed, and the alcohol industry CSR initiatives studied so far do not contribute to the attainment of this goal.
The concentration of apparent endogenous ethanol.

HE CONCENTRATIONS of endogenous ethanol reported in various tissues were the subject of recent review (1). It was concluded that the available evidence points to a normal level of ethyl alcohol in humans of between 20 and 30 mg. per liter of blood or serum. Such concentrations require the formation of ethanol in amounts equivalent to between 14 and 20 per cent of the basal metabolic rate. Because of their pe rtinence to a `x theory of the etiology of alcoholism, apart even from its intrinsic interest as a possibly important intermediary pathway, experiments have been performed in the manner suggested in the review in an attempt to clarify the issues. It has not been possible to confirm the concentrations reported. The present paper describes the techniques used and the results obtained.
Step Detection and Activity Recognition Accuracy of Seven Physical Activity Monitors

The aim of this study was to compare the seven following commercially available activity monitors in terms of step count detection accuracy: Movemonitor (Mc Roberts), Up (Jawbone), One (Fitbit), ActivPAL (PAL Technologies Ltd.), Nike+ Fuelband (Nike Inc.), Tractivity (Kineteks Corp.) and Sensewear Armband Mini (Bodymedia). Sixteen healthy adults consented to take part in the study. The experimental protocol included walking along an indoor straight walkway, descending and ascending 24 steps, free outdoor walking and free indoor walking. These tasks were repeated at three self-selected walking speeds. Angular velocity signals collected at both shanks using two wireless inertial measurement units (OPAL, ADPM Inc) were used as a reference for the step count, computed using previously validated algorithms. Step detection accuracy was assessed using the mean absolute percentage error computed for each sensor. The Movemonitor and the ActivPAL were also tested within a nine-minute activity recognition protocol, during which the participants performed a set of complex tasks. Posture classifications were obtained from the two monitors and expressed as a percentage of the total task duration. The Movemonitor, One, ActivPAL, Nike+ Fuelband and Sensewear Armband Mini underestimated the number of steps in all the observed walking speeds, whereas the Tractivity significantly overestimated step count. The Movemonitor was the best performing sensor, with an error lower than 2% at all speeds and the smallest error obtained in the outdoor walking. The activity recognition protocol showed that the Movemonitor performed best in the walking recognition, but had difficulty in discriminating between standing and sitting. Results of this study can be used to inform choice of a monitor for specific applications.
Social Computing for Verifying Social Media Content in Breaking News

Social media is the place to go for both journalists and the general public when news events break, offering a real-time source of eyewitness images and videos through platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Periscope. Yet, the value of such content as a means of documenting and disseminating breaking news is compromised by the increasing amount of content misuse and false claims in social media. To this end, cost-effective social computing solutions for user-generated content verification are crucial for retaining the value and trust in social media for breaking news.
Psychometric properties of two systematic observation techniques for assessing physical activity levels in children with mental retardation

This study examined the psychometric properties of the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) and the Children? s Activity Rating Scale (CARS) for use with children with mental retardation (MR). Eleven children with MR were videotaped while participating in a university-based community outreach program. Actiwatch accelerometers were used as the criterion measure. Results indicated that SOFIT and CARS both demonstrated adequate levels of generalizability (f = 0.98 and 0.75), but a low concurrent validity coefficient for SOFIT (r = .10) and a moderate level of validity coefficient for CARS (r = .61) were observed. CARS demonstrates stronger validity evidence than SOFIT, but it is important to have sufficient rater training before using CARS for measuring physical activity level of children with MR.
Analysis of patterns of food intake in nutritional epidemiology: food classification in principal components analysis and the subsequent impact on estimates for endometrial cancer

Abstract Objective: To assess the effect of different methods of classifying food use on principal components analysis (PCA)-derived dietary patterns, and the subsequent impact on estimation of cancer risk associated with the different patterns. Methods: Dietary data were obtained from 232 endometrial cancer cases and 639 controls (Western New York Diet Study) using a 190-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were generated using PCA and three methods of classifying food use: 168 single foods and beverages; 56 detailed food groups, foods and beverages; and 36 less-detailed groups and single food items. Results: Classification method affected neither the number nor character of the patterns identified. However, total variance explained in food use increased as the detail included in the PCA decreased (~8%, 168 items to ~17%, 36 items). Conversely, reduced detail in PCA tended to attenuate the odds ratio (OR) associated with the healthy patterns (OR 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35–0.84 and OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.49–1.20, 168 and 36 items, respectively) but not the high-fat patterns (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.57–1.58 and OR 0.85, 0.51–1.40, 168 and 36 items, respectively). Conclusions: Greater detail in food-use information may be desirable in determination of dietary patterns for more precise estimates of disease risk.
Effects of Magnaporthe oryzae on Photosynthesis and Yield of Different Rice Genotypes

Effects of Magnapor the Oryzae (M. oryzae) on photosynthesis, yield and yield components of 3 rice genotypes were investigated to clarify the mechanism of rice resistance to blast. R725, R720 and R727 were selected as the rice materials, which inoculated with five M. oryzae fungal races (ZA5, ZA17, ZC8, ZG1 and ZF2), and had different resistance to blast. Chlorophyll fluorescence data proposed that M. oryzae could harm the photosystem II response focus, restrained photosynthetic electron transport. Henceforth, the over abundance vitality couldn't be dispersed by warm or different structures and light insurance was debilitated, prompting diminishes in photosynthetic rate and rice yields. Moreover, the damaging impacts of M. oryzae on rice were subject to the two genotypes and contagious races. The analysis of optimum regression equations presented that panicle per plant (PPP), chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo), 1000-grain weight (TGW), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were associated with rice yield after inoculation with different M. oryzae fungal races. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers
The Efficacy of Inactivated Virus Vaccine against Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN)

ホルマリンで不活化したベータノダウイルスのワクチンとしての有効性をマハタ稚魚を用いて調べた。 不活化ウイルスを腹腔内接種すると10日後からウイルス中和抗体が検出され、免疫後21～77日の間、平均1 : 2000以上の高い抗体価で推移した。 抗体価はその後低下したが160日後でも抗体保有魚が認められた。 免疫14、35および74日目にワクチン株による注射攻撃試験を行った結果、ワクチン接種区は対照区に比べていずれも有意に高い生残率を示した(RPS=67～100)。 また、野外での自然感染に対しても高いワクチン効果が認められた(RPS=85)。
Training End-to-End Dialogue Systems with the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus

In this paper, we construct and train end-to-end neural network-based dialogue systems using an updated version of the recent Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus, a dataset containing almost 1 million multi-turn dialogues, with a total of over 7 million utterances and 100 million words. This dataset is interesting because of its size, long context lengths, and technical nature; thus, it can be used to train large models directly from data with minimal feature engineering, which can be both time consuming and expensive. We provide baselines in two different environments: one where models are trained to maximize the log-likelihood of a generated utterance conditioned on the context of the conversation, and one where models are trained to select the correct next response from a list of candidate responses. These are both evaluated on a recall task that we call Next Utterance Classification (NUC), as well as other generation-specific metrics. Finally, we provide a qualitative error analysis to help determine the most promising directions for future research on the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus, and for end-to-end dialogue systems in general.
Can Enhanced Diffusion Improve Helioseismic Agreement for Solar Models with Revised Abundances?

Recent solar photospheric abundance analyses (by Asplund et al. and Lodders) revise the C, N, O, Ne, and Ar abundances downward by 0.15-0.2 dex compared to previous determinations by Grevesse & Sauval. The abundances of Fe and other elements are reduced by smaller amounts, 0.05-0.1 dex. With these revisions, the photospheric Z/X decreases to 0.0165 (or 0.0177, according to Lodders), and Z decreases to ~0.0122 (or 0.0133, according to Lodders). A number of papers (by, e.g., Basu & Antia, Montalban et al., Bahcall & Pinsonneault, Turck-Chièze et al., and Antia & Basu) report that solar models evolved with standard opacities and diffusion treatment using these new abundances give poor agreement with helioseismic inferences for sound-speed and density profile, convection-zone helium abundance, and convection-zone depth. These authors also considered a limited set of models with increased opacities, enhanced diffusion, or abundance variations to improve agreement, finding no entirely satisfactory solution. Here we explore evolved solar models with varying diffusion treatments, including enhanced diffusion with separate multipliers for helium and other elements, to reduce the photospheric abundances, while keeping the interior abundances about the same as earlier standard models. While enhanced diffusion improves agreement with some helioseismic constraints compared to a solar model evolved with the new abundances using nominal input physics, the required increases in thermal diffusion rates are unphysically large, and none of the variations tried completely restores the good agreement attained using the earlier abundances. A combination of modest opacity increases, diffusion enhancements, and abundance increases near the level of the uncertainties, while somewhat contrived, remains the most physically plausible means to restore agreement with helioseismology. The case for enhanced diffusion would be improved if the inferred convection-zone helium abundance could be reduced; we recommend reconsidering this derivation in light of new equations of state with modified abundances and other improvements. We also recommend considering, as a last resort, diluting the convection zone, which contains only 2.5% of the Sun's mass, by accretion of material depleted in the more volatile elements C, N, O, Ne, and Ar after the Sun arrived on the main sequence.
Virtual reality for inducing empathy and reducing prejudice towards stigmatized groups: A survey

This paper gives an up-to-date overview of research about Virtual Reality (VR) for inducing empathy and reducing prejudice towards stigmatized groups and the measurements used in the studies. Outcomes from the studies reviewed provide only preliminary support for the use of VR for successfully inducing empathy into people and reducing their prejudice towards stigmatized groups and the preference for using self-report methods for the measurement of empathy and prejudice.
Emerging therapeutic targets in the short QT syndrome

ABSTRACT Introduction: Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) is a rare but dangerous condition characterised by abbreviated repolarisation, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and risk of sudden death. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are a first line protection against sudden death, but adjunct pharmacology is beneficial and desirable. Areas covered: The genetic basis for genotyped SQTS variants (SQT1-SQT8) and evidence for arrhythmia substrates from experimental and simulation studies are discussed. The main ion channel/transporter targets for antiarrhythmic pharmacology are considered in respect of potential genotype-specific and non-specific treatments for the syndrome. Expert opinion: Potassium channel blockade is valuable for restoring repolarisation and QT interval, though genotype-specific limitations exist in the use of some K+ channel inhibitors. A combination of K+ current inhibition during the action potential plateau, with sodium channel inhibition that collectively result in delaying repolarisation and post-repolarisation refractoriness is likely to be valuable in prolonging effective refractory period and wavelength for re-entry. Genotype-specific K+ channel inhibition is limited by a lack of targeted inhibitors in clinical use, though experimentally available selective inhibitors now exist. The relatively low proportion of successfully genotyped cases justifies an exome or genome sequencing approach, to reveal new mediators and targets, as demonstrated recently for SLC4A3 in SQT8.
SafeMC: A System for the Design and Evaluation of Mode-Change Protocols

Real-time systems with multiple modes require mode-change protocols (MCPs) to ensure safety during mode transitions. A variety of MCPs are available in the literature; however, it can be difficult to tell which of them is the most suitable for a given application. This is because 1) existing work often evaluates MCPs analytically, without considering platform-specific overheads in a real deployment; 2) experimental evaluations, where available, tend to make very different choices in run-time environments and workloads, which hinders a direct comparison; and 3) practical applications often require at least some customization, which can completely invalidate the analysis and/or experimental evaluation of the underlying MCP. In this paper, we take a first step towards more principled comparisons. We identify a set of fundamental primitives that most MCPs tend to be built on, and we show that a variety of existing MCPs can be formulated by composing these primitives in different ways. We then present SafeMC, a system for specifying and evaluating current and new MCPs. SafeMC provides an easy-to-use specification language, a library of existing MCPs that can be customized by the user, as well as several tools for test generation, automatic evaluation, tracing, and performance analysis. To demonstrate the utlity of SafeMC, we use it to compare the performance of five classical MCPs in Xen. SafeMC is designed to be extensible and reusable, and we hope that it can serve as a building block for future research in this area.
Absence of ERK5/MAPK7 delays tumorigenesis in Atm−/− mice

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a cell cycle checkpoint kinase that upon activation by DNA damage leads to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair or apoptosis. The absence of Atm or the occurrence of loss-of-function mutations in Atm predisposes to tumorigenesis. MAPK7 has been implicated in numerous types of cancer with pro-survival and pro-growth roles in tumor cells, but its functional relation with tumor suppressors is not clear. In this study, we show that absence of MAPK7 delays death due to spontaneous tumor development in Atm−/− mice. Compared with Atm−/− thymocytes, Mapk7−/−Atm−/− thymocytes exhibited an improved response to DNA damage (increased phosphorylation of H2AX) and a restored apoptotic response after treatment of mice with ionizing radiation. These findings define an antagonistic function of ATM and MAPK7 in the thymocyte response to DNA damage, and suggest that the lack of MAPK7 inhibits thymic lymphoma growth in Atm−/− mice by partially restoring the DNA damage response in thymocytes.
Is Breast Cancer a Deficiency Disease ?

Numerous factors, conditions or agents have been proposed as the cause of breast cancer but together they account for only a small percentage of all cases. An overarching hypothesis to account for these disparate associations and inconsistencies is that there is a natural element present in the diet of normal food which is protective; in geographical areas or in conditions where low levels or deficiency of this element occur, protection is lost and breast cancer more readily develops. This agent is fat soluble, accounting for the increased incidence in obesity, and leaches out with age accounting for the increased post-menopausal incidence. Differences in incidence between various groups, such as those with or without breast-cancer susceptibility genes, or between men and women, may be accounted for by a gradient in threshold. This hypothesis is testable. At the same time, many putative causes such as micro-nutrients, vitamins, or trace elements can be investigated; some, such as selenium, have been investigated but gave conflicting results; selenium deficiency perhaps in association with sub-clinical vitamin E deficiency, remains a possibility. A proposed investigation is outlined.
Up‐regulation of miR‐10b‐3p promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting CMTM5

In this study, we investigated how miR‐10b‐3p regulated the proliferation, migration, invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at both in vitro and in vivo levels. CMTM5 was among the differentially expressed genes (data from TCGA). The expression of miR‐10b‐3p and CMTM5 was detected by qRT‐PCR and Western blot (WB). TargetScan was used to acquire the binding sites. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the direct target relationship between miR‐10b‐3p and CMTM5. WB analysis proved that miR‐10b‐3p suppressed CMTM5 expression. Furthermore, proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells were measured by MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and wound‐healing assay, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier plotter valued the overall survival of CMTM5. Finally, xenograft assay was also conducted to verify the effects of miR‐10b‐3p/CMTM5 axis in vivo. Up‐regulation of miR‐10b‐3p and down‐regulation of CMTM5 were detected in HCC tissues and cell lines. CMTM5 was verified as a target gene of miR‐10b‐3p. The overexpression of CMTM5 contributed to the suppression of the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of HCC cells. Moreover, the up‐regulation of miR‐10b‐3p and down‐regulation of CMTM5 were observed to be associated with worse overall survival. Lastly, we have confirmed the carcinogenesis‐related roles of miR‐10b‐3p and CMTM5 in vivo. We concluded that the up‐regulation of miR‐10b‐3p promoted the progression of HCC cells via targeting CMTM5.
Mucin gene expression in gallbladder epithelium.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The interaction of mucus, calcium and lipid is important in gallstone formation. The epithelium in stone-containing gallbladders has more mucin than in gallbladders without stones. There is altered mucin gene expression in black pigment stone-bearing gallbladders. In this study, we evaluated mucin gene expression in gallbladders containing cholesterol stones or calcium bilirubinate stones, and gallbladders without stones. METHODS In situ hybridization with digoxigenin-tailed oligonucleotides was performed on sections of paraffin-embedded epithelial tissue from gallbladders with cholesterol stones (n = 14) or calcium bilirubinate stones (n = 12), and those without stones (n = 10) to identify expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5B, and MUC6. RESULTS The findings showed mRNA expression of MUC3, MUC5B and MUC6 in most gallbladders in all three groups, but stronger and extensive expression of these mRNAs in gallbladders with stones. MUC2 and MUC4 labeling was absent in gallbladders without stones, but MUC2 labeling was found in 14% and MUC4 in 50% of gallbladders with cholesterol stones. MUC2 expression was found in 25% and MUC4 in 58% of gallbladders with bilirubinate stones. Increased expression of MUC1 was found in gallbladders with cholesterol stones (79%) and calcium bilirubinate stones (83%) compared to those without stones (30%). CONCLUSION Altered mucin gene expression was found in gallbladders with cholesterol stones and calcium bilirubinate stones, as evidenced by the presence of MUC2 and MUC4 and the increased expression of MUC1, MUC3, MUC5B and MUC6.
Heidegger, hypermedia, and moral identity: a literature review of post-human being in a medated world

Being human in a hypermediated world is cause to much confusion and debate, on an ontological as well as on a practical front. This study draws on the works of Martin Heidegger, Charles Taylor, Terry Eagleton, and Michel Foucault to argue about how we orient ourselves in a hypermediated world. The research question of this thesis is: what opportunities and threats does the use of contemporary information technologies hold for identity and authenticity. The results of a systematic literature review is reflected against the philosophical background of Martin Heidegger, Charles Taylor, Terry Eagleton, and Michel Foucault for comprehensive arguments about contemporary identity-building and the nature of authenticity and contemporary information technologies. Conceptual papers, qualitative researches, and philosophical papers are searched and systematically narrowed down to form the data for this thesis. A modified form of the Fink model for systematic literature review is used to gather the articles used. The nature and relations of information technology, technologies of the self, authenticity and identity as tools which disclose our lifeworld and help us orient ourselves morally as post-humans in a hypermediated world is inspected in light of the findings in this thesis.
Measurement Error and the Hot Hand

This article shows that the first autocorrelation of basketball shot results is a highly biased and inconsistent estimator of the first autocorrelation of the ex ante probabilities with which the shots are made. Shot result autocorrelation is close to zero even when shot probability autocorrelation is close to one. The bias is caused by what is equivalent to a severe measurement error problem. The results imply that the widespread belief among players and fans in the hot hand is not necessarily a cognitive fallacy.