Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross‐National Comparison of Nationalism in Austria, the Czech and Slovac Republics, Hungary, and Poland

The transition to democracy in Eastern Europe after the breakdown of communist regimes was challenged by ethnic and national tensions. Nationalist sentiments and traditional patterns of ethnic intolerance were almost immediately revitalized. The analysis presented here concerns nationalist orientation in several of these countries in the context of ideology and social origin, which form links among nationalist identification, ethnic intolerance, democratic and economic orientation, and social class position. In 1996, representative national surveys were carried out in Hungary, the Czech and Slovak republics, and Poland. The study was then extended to Austria, where, like in other Western democracies, nationalistic, xenophobic, and rightist-radical attitudes have emerged. Analyses of the attitude structures (structural equation models) showed that different types of nationalism have developed. In post-communist countries—with the exception of the Czech Republic—anticapitalist feelings are strongly correlated with nationalism and ethnic intolerance. Such attitudes are held by the lower classes, yet this form of antiliberalism is not directed against democracy. In Austria, a classical “underclass authoritarianism” exists but remains independent of economic ideology. This is typical of the “new right” in Europe: a “modernized” brand of fascism in which neoliberal ideology, instead of anticapitalist resentments, is combined with traditional value patterns.
Effects of Strong Interest Inventory Feedback on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Social Cognitive Career Beliefs

Undergraduates (64 women and 35 men) enrolled in a university orientation course completed measures of career decision-making self-efficacy and career beliefs. Participants were then randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) with feedback group, the SII completion-only group, or the control group. Students who completed the SII and participated in a social cognitive-based group feedback and interpretation session exhibited higher levels of posttest career decision-making self-efficacy and differential career beliefs relative to students in the other experimental groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are presented, and ideas for additional research in this domain are discussed.
'Doing denial': audience reaction to human rights appeals

Whilst many hypotheses have been formulated on why audiences remain passive in response to distant suffering, very little empirical research has been carried out to verify these hypotheses. This article discusses audience denial in response to information about human rights abuses, paying attention to both content and strategies used in accounts of denial, i.e. what these accounts say and by which means they effectively neutralize appeals for action. Three repertoires are identified as specific targets for neutralization: (1) The message itself (‘the medium is the message’); (2) Campaigners and, in particular, Amnesty International (AI) (‘shoot the messenger’); (3) The action recommended in the appeal (‘babies and bathwater’). These repertoires are analysed in terms of the discursive techniques — e.g. argumentation, rhetorical and semantic moves and speech acts — used to neutralize the moral claims made by Amnesty International’s appeals. The article suggests that audience denial is an operation of power and production of knowledge in so far as it plays a role in sustaining and colluding with more systemic and official operations of passivity and denial. The normative implication of audiences’ justifications for their passivity is illustrated in their banal, everyday contribution to a morality of unresponsiveness. The discussion aims to contribute to current debates on the ‘Politics of Pity’, social responsibility and distant suffering. It also contributes to psychological work on pro-social behaviour and, in particular, to research on audiences’ responses to humanitarian appeals and mediation in general.
Long-term outcomes of therapeutic pelvic lymphadenectomy for stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE The treatment of patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma is often shorter and less expensive if total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), and therapeutic lymphadenectomy are used rather than TAH, BSO, pelvic lymph node sampling, and pelvic external beam radiation. We studied whether the survival and morbidity of patients treated with therapeutic lymphadenectomy are equal to or better than with these alternative treatments. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma who were enrolled in the MetroHealth Medical Center tumor registry between 1970 and 1993 after undergoing full pelvic lymph node dissection, in addition to total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and vaginal brachytherapy. The mean number of resected nodes was 33 (median, 31; interquartile range, 19). Patients were followed for 1. 6-20 years (median, 8 years; interquartile range, 5.8 years). Morbidity and survival rates were compared to published series using similar treatment strategies and to those from studies using pelvic external beam radiation and pelvic lymph node sampling rather than lymphadenectomy. RESULTS Of 192 patients with pathologic stage I (FIGO 1988) endometrial adenocarcinoma, 178 patients had full pelvic lymph node dissection; 159 patients were evaluable. The 15-year overall survival was 98%; 10- and 15- year disease-free survivals were 96 and 94%, respectively. Overall morbidity was 18% (29/159), and moderate-to-severe morbidity was 13% (21/159). Recurrences were seen in 4.4% (7/159) of patients. Grade and myometrial invasion were not significant predictors of disease-free survival after full pelvic lymph node dissection (grade, P = 0.42; stage, P = 0.67). The results compare favorably with those of similar studies and with studies of pelvic external beam radiation. CONCLUSIONS Primary surgical management with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, therapeutic pelvic lymphadenectomy, and vaginal brachytherapy is a viable and possibly preferable option for patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Changes in voicing perception by adult French speakers after identification training

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in voicing identification, discrimination, and categorical perception induced by identification training centered on three different training values. One group of French-speaking adults was trained across a universal auditory boundary (-30 ms voice onset time), and two other groups were trained across arbitrary boundaries (-45 or -60 ms voice onset time). A control group did not receive any training. The results showed that both the -30 and the -45 training groups exhibited a 10 ms shift in the identification boundary. Moreover, for the -30 training group, discrimination and categorical perception changed around the French phonological boundary. These results illustrate the possibility of modifying the French phonological perception after short-time training, particularly when centered on a universal boundary. However, training only had limited effects and even strengthened the phonological boundary, congruent with the hypothesis that this boundary is acquired by a perceptual "coupling" between universal boundaries.
Gender Mainstreaming in Theory and Practice

This article utilizes the findings of a recently completed, eight-country research project to visit some key issues in the theory and practice of gender mainstreaming. The research results indicate that gender mainstreaming is a diverse entity when looked at from a cross-national perspective but rather hollow when considered within the national setting. To the extent that there is a "common core" to gender mainstreaming in action across countries, it lies in the tendency to apply the approach in a technocratic way and to be nonsystemic in compass. The argument is advanced that this is at least in part attributable to particularities in the development of mainstreaming. The article suggests that gender mainstreaming is underdeveloped as a concept and identifies a need to elaborate further on some fundaments. In particular, the conceptualization of mainstreaming needs to be rethought with special attention devoted to the understanding of the problematic of gender inequality that underlies it and the articulation of the relationship between gender mainstreaming and societal change.
Adaptación del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) a la Población Penitenciaria de Mexico

The aim of the present study is to adapt the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) to the prison context. The sample consisted of 261 prisoners, 97% were male (n = 253) from Sistema Postpenitenciario y Atencion a Liberados (DSPAL) of Jalisco, Mexico. The instruments used were Record of Prison Life History and the CSI. The results reported a first-order structure almost identical to that obtained for the general population with satisfactory levels of internal consistency whereas the results of second-order interpretation do not confirm the original structure of second and third order. The implications of the results for prison intervention are discussed.
Dimensionality and Construct Validity of the Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (Pops)

The present study examined the dimensionality and construct validity of the Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS) which is comprised of three subscales: (1) General Political Behavior, (2) Going Along to Get Ahead, and (3) Pay and Promotion. Results of analyses conducted on data collected from 1,297 civilian government employees were inconsistent with a multidimensional factor structure of the POPS. Principal components and confirmatory factor analyses failed to confirm the Kacmar and Ferris 3-factor solution. Rather, the results indicated that the POPS was unidimensional. POPS scores were strongly and inversely related to scores on the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS). POPS and SPOS scores were not differentially correlated with other job attitude measures.
Associations Between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) −308 and −238 G/A Polymorphisms and Shared Epitope Status and Responsiveness to TNF-α Blockers in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Metaanalysis Update

Objective. To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoter −308 A/G and −238 A/G polymorphisms and shared epitope (SE) status are associated with responsiveness to anti-TNF therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. A comparative metaanalysis was conducted on A allele carriers (genotypes A/A + A/G) of the TNF-α promoter −308 and −238 A/G polymorphisms and SE status in responders and nonresponders to anti-TNF therapy. Results. A total of 13 studies were included in the metaanalysis. Metaanalysis showed that the TNF-α −308 A/G polymorphism is not associated with responsiveness to TNF blockers in RA patients. Studies with a small number of subjects (< 100) showed that the odds ratio for the A allele carrier state was significantly lower among responders (OR 0.344, 95% CI 0.152–0.779, p = 0.01). Studies with a higher number of subjects (≥ 100) found no association between the TNF-α −308 A/G polymorphism and responsiveness to TNF blockers. The overall metaanalysis showed that the TNF-α −238 A/G polymorphism was not associated with the responsiveness of RA patients to TNF blockers, and stratification by TNF blocker revealed that the TNF-α −238 A/G polymorphism was associated with response of infliximab (OR 0.441, 95% CI 0.203–0.609, p = 0.039). SE status was found not to be associated with response to TNF blockers. Conclusion. Metaanalysis of available data revealed an association between treatment response to infliximab and the TNF-α −238 A/G polymorphism, but no associations between treatment response and the TNF-α −308 A/G polymorphism or SE status.
Morphometric studies on the testes of rats treated neonatally with oestrogen and subsequently with gonadotrophins and testosterone

The experiments involved male rats, which were given a single subcutaneous dose of 1 mg stilboestrol on the first day of life. Beginning on day 28, subgroups of the rats received either gonadotrophins or testosterone for 39 days. The weight of the testes, serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels were determined while sections of the testes were subjected to morphological analysis and morphometric measurements, based on computerized techniques. The results demonstrated that a single dose of oestrogen caused a reduction in the cross‐sectional area of the seminiferous tubules and a reduction in the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium, accompanied by inhibition of spermatogenesis. The number of and area occupied by Leydig cells, as well as the size of their cell nuclei, were also diminished, and the levels of serum testosterone decreased by 73%. All the experimental animals manifested significantly increased serum luteinizing hormone levels. Stimulation with gonadotrophins markedly increased the number of Leydig cells, their size and the size of their cell nuclei. This was associated with significantly increased levels of serum testosterone. Under these conditions, the cross‐sectional area of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of seminiferous epithelium remained less than those in the untreated controls. Following stimulation with testosterone the pattern of the seminiferous tubules resembled that noted after stimulation with gonadotrophins; the number of Leydig cells was markedly reduced but the size of both the cells themselves and of their nuclei approached normal values.
Experiences of Falling in Love

Accounts of falling in love were obtained from three samples: (a) lengthy accounts from fifty undergraduates who had fallen in love in the last 8 months; (b) brief accounts from 100 adult nonstudents, which were compared to 100 brief falling-in-friendship accounts from the same population; and (c) questionnaire responses about falling-in-love experiences from 277 undergraduates, which were compared to falling-in-friendship-experience questionnaires from eighty-three similar undergraduates. Content analyses of Study 1 and 2 accounts and Study 3 questionnaire results suggested that falling in love was preceded by frequent reported incidences of discovering other's liked the self and noticing other's desirable characteristics (appearance and personality); moderate incidences of perceived similarity, propinquity and `special falling-in-love processes' (readiness, specific cues, arousal/unusualness, mystery, isolation); and relatively low reported incidences of filling needs and social influence. These patterns contrast with those suggested by the general-attraction and mate-selection literatures. Falling-in-friendship accounts, on the other hand, gave relatively more emphasis to similarity and propinquity, but somewhat less to reciprocal liking, other's desirable characteristics, needs, and the special falling-in-love processes.
Trust, Risk, Privacy, and Security in e- Commerce

The concepts, Trust, Risk, Privacy and Security, are widely used in various studies done by multiple disciplines, and they are often incorrectly referred to almost as synonyms. The aim is to clarify the concepts from the consumer viewpoint in e- commerce. The findings of our qualitative study suggest several relationships between the four concepts and serves as building blocks for further research.
The role of diet in the management of gout: a comparison of knowledge and attitudes to current evidence.

BACKGROUND Evidence supports dietary modifications in the management of gout. Despite this, the degree of implementation of this evidence by nutrition professionals and rheumatologists and those affected by gout is unknown. The present study aimed to compare usual dietary practices of patients with gout to evidence for dietary management of gout and to investigate whether the knowledge and attitudes of nutrition professionals and rheumatologists reflects current evidence. METHODS A food frequency questionnaire was used to determine usual dietary intake of patients with gout, a separate questionnaire examined gout-related dietary modifications (n = 29). Online questionnaires to examine attitudes towards dietary management of gout were completed by nutrition professionals and rheumatologists. RESULTS Proportions of participants whose reported intakes were inconsistent with current evidence for the dietary management of gout were: alcohol, n = 14 (48%); beer, n = 18 (62%); seafood, n = 29 (100%); meat, n = 7 (24%); beef/pork/lamb, n = 24 (83%); dairy products, n = 12 (41%); vitamin C supplementation, n = 29 (100%). Of the 61 rheumatologists and 231 nutrition professionals who completed the online survey, the majority considered that weight loss and decreased alcohol intake were important or very important outcomes. Proportions were lower for decreased purine intake. Thirty-four (56%) rheumatologists do not refer patients with gout to dietetic services and, of those who do, the majority refer less than half. CONCLUSIONS Overall, patients with gout in the present study were not implementing evidence for dietary management of their condition and complex dietary issues were evident.
Diverse visitors with various pollinator importance and temporal change in the important pollinators of Geranium thunbergii (Geraniaceae)

Assessing pollinator importance of each floral visitor to a plant species is a key to understanding plant–pollinator interaction. The present study examined visitation frequency, pollination efficiency, and pollinator importance of the full range of floral visitors to Geranium thunbergii natural population, by measuring seed-set. During 2 years of observations, the flowers were visited by at least 45 insect species belonging to four orders. Among the main 22 visitor species, 11 species belonging to three orders (Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera) acted as the efficient pollinators. In both years, Hymenoptera, especially bees, was the most important pollinator to G. thunbergii. Thus, the flowers could be considered as bee-pollinated. However, the most important species were not constant between years. The study also documented that the efficient pollinators have larger body sizes. The dish-shaped floral morphology, taxonomically diverse pollinators, and temporal change in the most important pollinators indicate that G. thunbergii–pollinator interaction is a rather generalized system. The results suggest that casual observations of visitation, or even precise measurement of pollinator importance in a single season is insufficient to identify important pollinators.
Extracting Spatiotemporal Interest Points using Global Information

Local spatiotemporal features or interest points provide compact but descriptive representations for efficient video analysis and motion recognition. Current local feature extraction approaches involve either local filtering or entropy computation which ignore global information (e.g. large blobs of moving pixels) in video inputs. This paper presents a novel extraction method which utilises global information from each video input so that moving parts such as a moving hand can be identified and are used to select relevant interest points for a condensed representation. The proposed method involves obtaining a small set of subspace images, which can synthesise frames in the video input from their corresponding coefficient vectors, and then detecting interest points from the subspaces and the coefficient vectors. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can yield a sparser set of interest points for motion recognition than existing methods.
Exploring Employee Engagement from the Employee Perspective: Implications for HRD.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine an employee's unique experience of being engaged in their work.Design/methodology/approach – Following Yin's case study design method, researchers collected documents, conducted semi‐structured interviews and recorded observations at a large multinational service corporation ranked as one of the best places to work. Post data collection, content analysis is used to interpret engagement efforts and experiences. Work by Kahn and Maslow are integrated as conceptual frameworks.Findings – Post analysis, three themes emerged: relationship development and attachment to co‐workers, workplace climate and opportunities for learning. Findings highlighted the development of relationships in the workplace, the importance of an employee's direct manager and their role in shaping organizational culture and the critical role of learning in an engaged employee's interpretation of their work. Scaffolding and discussion of an emergent model is provided.Research limitations/i.
Sulforaphane Suppresses Polycomb Group Protein Level via a Proteasome-Dependent Mechanism in Skin Cancer Cells

The polycomb group (PcG) genes encode a family of proteins that methylate and ubiquitinate histones to close chromatin and suppress gene expression. PcG proteins are present at elevated levels in cancer cells, and this is associated with reduced tumor suppressor protein level and enhanced cell survival. Agents that reduce PcG protein level are regarded as potentially cancer-preventative agents. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a biologically important isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables that is an important candidate chemopreventive agent. However, the impact of SFN on the level and function of PcG proteins in skin cancer cells has not been assessed. We show that SFN treatment causes a concentration-dependent reduction in PcG protein (Bmi-1, Ezh2) expression in SCC-13 skin cancer cells and also reduces trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3. This is associated with accumulation of cells in G2/M phase; reduced levels of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin dependent kinases 1 and 2; and increased p21Cip1 expression. Sulforaphane treatment also increases cleavage of procaspase 3, 8, and 9 and enhances PARP cleavage and apoptosis. Similar results are observed in other skin-derived cell immortalized and transformed cell lines. Forced expression of the Bmi-1 polycomb protein in SCC-13 cells reverses these effects. The SFN-dependent loss of Bmi-1 and Ezh2 is due to proteasome-associated degradation. These results suggest that dietary isothiocyanates may suppress cancer progression by reducing PcG protein level via a proteasome-dependent mechanism, thereby inhibiting PcG-dependent pro-survival epigenetic events.
Cognitive–Affective Styles Associated With Position on War

This study examined cognitive–affective styles associated with position on the Iraq war by analyzing responses posted on an online discussion forum using a computerized text-analysis program (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count). Overall, the results were consistent with those obtained in narrative-coding studies. The pro-war group was associated with an external focus and a simplistic style of information processing. The anti-war group was associated with an internal focus and high levels of cognitive processing and negative emotion words. The “neither” group scored the highest on cognitive complexity and positive emotion words, and it was also the most balanced in terms of internal and external focus.