Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing PI for the ages: Explicit instruction vs. practice in young and older adult bilinguals

Abstract The current study considered effects of PI (explicit information and practice) in two populations: older (age 60+) and young adults (age 19–27), all of whom were late English/Spanish bilinguals. Twenty-one participants completed a computer-based lesson on Latin morphosyntax, namely the assignment of the thematic roles agent and patient. Treatment consisted of a vocabulary lesson, an interactive pre-practice grammar explanation, and input-based task-essential practice (Loschky and Bley-Vroman 1993: 123–163) that followed PI principles (VanPatten 2004). Interpretation, production, and grammaticality judgment tests were used as pre, immediate post, and delayed posttests. Additionally, a grammar test was administered immediately following the grammar lesson (but before practice). Results show that young adults benefit more than older adults from explicit instruction alone and maintain this advantage in interpretation tasks after practice. Crucially, though, practice eliminated some age effects, as the young adults' original advantage was not present on immediate posttests of grammaticality judgment or production, nor was it maintained on any delayed posttest, largely due to a decrease in young adults' accuracy from immediate to delayed posttest. Results are discussed in terms of pedagogical implications of PI practice for different populations and the idea of the flipped classroom.
Too Many Pediatric Trampoline Injuries

Background. Recent reports note a dramatic increase in the number of pediatric trampoline injuries (PTI) during the past several years. In 1996, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that 83 000 patients received treatment for trampoline injuries in US hospital emergency departments (EDs), and that ∼75% of these patients were <15 years of age. We sought to review our experience with PTI since our previous report (Pediatrics 1992;89:849), and to determine if the American Academy of Pediatrics' current (Pediatrics1981;67:438) safety recommendations are adequate. Methods. Retrospective medical record review of all PTI patients presenting to the pediatric ED from November 1990 through November 1997. Results. A total of 727 PTI patients were included; medical records were unavailable for 3 patients. The annual number of PTI nearly tripled during the study period, from 51 in 1991 to a peak of 148 in 1996. PTI patients were 53% female, with a median age of 7 years; 37% were <6 years of age. Privately owned trampolines accounted for 99% of PTI. Most injuries (66%) occurred on the trampoline, 28% resulted from falls off, and 4% from imaginative mechanisms. One hundred eleven patients (15%) suffered severe injury (1990 Abbreviated Injury Scale value ≥3), usually of an extremity (89 out of 111). Fractures occurred in 324 patients (45%). Spinal injuries were common (12%), including 7 patients with cervical or thoracic fractures, and 1 with C7 paraplegia. Fractures were more frequently associated with falls off the trampoline, whereas spinal injuries more frequently occurred on the trampoline. Eighty patients (11%) required prehospital medical transport to our ED, 584 (80%) had ED radiographs, and 382 (53%) required pediatric surgical subspecialty involvement. Seventeen percent of PTI patients (125 out of 727) were admitted to the hospital, including 9 to the pediatric intensive care unit; 99 (14%) required one or more operations. Mean hospital stay was 2 days (range, 1–63 days); 24 stays (19%) were for ≥3 days. We estimate that the hospital charges for the acute medical care of PTI study patients at our institution totaled ∼$700 000. Conclusions. PTI are dramatically increasing in number, and result in considerable childhood morbidity. Most PTI occur on privately owned trampolines. Few, if any, safety recommendations for the trampoline are followed. We support recommendations for a ban on the recreational, school, and competitive pediatric use of trampolines.
Canine Teeth in the Equine Patient-The Guide to Eruption , Extraction , Reduction and Other Things You Need to Know

Much discussion has taken place recently regarding equine periodontal disease and other diseases of the equine oral cavity. However, there exists one type of tooth in Equidae that enjoys little discussion while at the same time is regularly encountered in practice. There is much to know regarding this tooth and some of this information can be found in contemporary published literature such as Baker and Easley’s Equine Dentistry, Wiggs and Lobprise’s Veterinary Dentistry, The Journal of Veterinary Dentistry and Allen’s Manual of Equine Dentistry. The objective of this paper is to give the reader one quick source for basic information concerning the eruption, extraction, manipulation of and problems relating to equine canine teeth.
Lazy task creation: a technique for increasing the granularity of parallel programs

Many parallel algorithms are naturally expressed at a fine level of granularity, often finer than a MIMD parallel system can exploit efficiently. Most builders of parallel systems have looked to either the programmer or a parallelizing compiler to increase the granularity of such algorithms. In this paper we explore a third approach to the granularity problem by analyzing two strategies for combining parallel tasks dynamically at run-time. We reject the simpler load-based inlining method, where tasks are combined based on dynamic load level, in favor of the safer and more robust lazy task creation method, where tasks are created only retroactively as processing resources become available. These strategies grew out of work on Mul-T [14], an efficient parallel implementation of Scheme, but could be used with other applicative languages as well. We describe our Mul-T implementations of lazy task creation for two contrasting machines, and present performance statistics which show the method's effectiveness. Lazy task creation allows efficient execution of naturally expressed algorithms of a substantially finer grain than possible with previous parallel Lisp systems.
Initial phase I safety of retrovirally transduced human chondrocytes expressing transforming growth factor-beta-1 in degenerative arthritis patients

Background aims. TissueGene-C (TG-C) represents a cell-mediated gene therapy for localized delivery of allogeneic chondrocytes expressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 directly to the damaged knee joint. Untransduced human chondrocytes (hChonJ cells) have also been incorporated into the TG-C product at a 3:1 ratio with TGF-β1-expressing chondrocytes (hChonJb#7) in order to help fill in the defect and as target cells for the actions of the expressed TGF-β1. Methods. A phase I dose-escalating clinical trial was performed to evaluate the safety and biologic activity of TG-C in patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the knee joint (full thickness cartilage defect) that was refractory to existing non-operative therapies. Following a single intra-articular injection into the joint space of the damaged knee, patients were monitored for safety, and an evaluation was performed to assess the pharmacokinetics and biologic activity of TG-C. Results. There were no treatment-related serious adverse events. Swelling, effusion and minor localized reactions such as warming sensation or itching were observed in a dose-dependent manner at the injection site. Knee evaluation scores seemed to indicate a dose-dependent trend toward efficacy; however, patient numbers were not sufficient to determine statistical significance. Conclusions. Overall, there were no significant safety issues related to the administration of TG-C, with only some minor injection site reactions observed. Additionally, knee scoring analyzes indicated a possibility that TG-C may contribute to improvement of arthritic symptoms. More study is warranted to evaluate further the safety and determine the potential efficacy of TG-C.
On a deformed topological vertex

We introduce a deformed topological vertex and use it to define deformations of the topological string partition functions of some local Calabi-Yau geometries. We also work out some examples for which such deformations satisfy a deformed Gopakumar-Vafa integrality and can be identified with the equivariant indices of some naturally defined bundles on the framed moduli spaces.
The development and assessment of executive functioning in preschool children with and without sickle cell anaemia

Executive functioning is the ability to execute cognitive control in high-level processes such as planning or problem solving. Executive functions are susceptible to disease. Deficits have been highlighted in many school age and adolescent patient populations, including sickle cell disease. However, research with preschool children largely depends on general developmental measures, non-validated behavioural measures, and parental report, making it difficult to ascertain the extent of potential executive deficits. Sickle cell disease, the most common hereditary disorder in the United Kingdom, is a blood disorder caused by an abnormal gene for haemoglobin. These children are at a high risk of stroke, but even without stroke, they can develop deficits in executive functioning. Although executive deficits have been identified in school-age children with sickle cell disease, there has been no research in preschool children that has attempted to delineate whether these deficits are present and/or detectable at this early stage. Early detection could lead to the development of targeted interventions and improve school readiness. Executive tasks, including an ERP study, were developed, piloted, and validated with typically developing preschool children. One of the tasks was also normed in a larger population (N=166, 3-5 years). Tasks developed during this thesis that were considered valid were administered to children with sickle cell disease and a matched comparison group, alongside other recently developed and standardised assessments of executive functioning. Children with sickle cell disease obtained poorer scores on behavioural executive tasks with differences also observed for underlying neural correlates on the ERP task. However, these differences did not translate to parental report. Specific deficits, detected by behavioural measures, may not yet have translated into everyday issues. Disease-related factors did not predict executive performance, with family functioning and sleep problems emerging as important factors for executive development. The findings from this thesis inform future research in early assessment and intervention.
MR imaging of diffusion of 3He gas in healthy and diseased lungs

Hyperpolarized 3He gas MRI was used to form maps of the effective diffusivity of gas in human lungs. Images of diffusion as well as spin density are presented from a study of 11 healthy volunteers and 5 patients with severe emphysema. The effective rate of diffusion, De, of the gas is reduced by the alveolar walls; tissue destruction in emphysema is hypothesized to result in larger De. Indeed, the mean value of De in the emphysematous lungs is found here to be about 2.5 times that of healthy lungs, although still smaller than the unrestricted diffusivity of 3He in free air. Histograms of De values across coronal slices are presented. The results are discussed in terms of spatial variations, variations among individuals, healthy and diseased, and variations due to changes in lung volume. Magn Reson Med 44:174–179, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precision test of AdS/CFT in Lunin-Maldacena background

We obtain the solutions and explicitly calculate the energy for a class of two-spin semiclassical string states in the Lunin-Maldacena background. These configurations are the β-deformed versions of the folded string solutions in AdS5 × S5 background. They correspond to certain single trace operators in the = 1 superconformal β deformation of = 4 Yang-Mills. We calculate the one loop anomalous dimension for the dual single trace operators from the associated twisted spin chain with a general two-cut distribution of Bethe roots. Our results show a striking match between the two calculations. We demonstrate the natural identification of parameters on the two sides of the analysis, and explain the significance of the Virasoro constraint associated with the winding motion of semiclassical strings from the perspective of the spin chain solution.
Emergent Communities in Socio-cognitive Networks

We investigate a recent network model which combines social and cognitive features. Each node in the social network holds a (possibly different) cognitive network that represent its beliefs. In this internal cognitive network a node denotes a concept and a link indicates whether the two linked concepts are taken to be of a similar or opposite nature. We show how these networks naturally organise into communities and use this to develop a method that detects communities in social networks. How they organise depends on the social structure and the ratio between the cognitive and social forces driving the propagation of beliefs.
Why are moving faces easier to recognize?

Previous work has suggested that seeing a famous face move aids the recognition of identity, especially when viewing conditions are degraded (Knight & Johnston, 1997; Lander, Christie, & Bruce, 1999). Experiment 1 investigated whether the beneficial effects of motion are related to a particular type of facial motion (expressing, talking, or rigid motion). Results showed a significant beneficial effect of both expressive and talking movements, but no advantage for rigid motion, compared with a single static image. Experiment 2 investigated whether the advantage for motion is uniform across identity. Participants rated moving famous faces for distinctiveness of motion. The famous faces (moving and static freeze frame) were then used as stimuli in a recognition task. The advantage for face motion was significant only when the motion displayed was distinctive. Results suggest that a reason why moving faces are easier to recognize is because some familiar faces have characteristic motion patterns, which act as an additional cue to identity.
Influence of lithology on hillslope morphology and response to tectonic forcing in the northern Sierra Nevada of California

Many geomorphic studies assume that bedrock geology is not a first‐order control on landscape form in order to isolate drivers of geomorphic change (e.g., climate or tectonics). Yet underlying geology may influence the efficacy of soil production and sediment transport on hillslopes. We performed quantitative analysis of LiDAR digital terrain models to examine the topographic form of hillslopes in two distinct lithologies in the Feather River catchment in northern California, a granodiorite pluton and metamorphosed volcanics. The two sites, separated by <2 km and spanning similar elevations, were assumed to have similar climatic histories and are experiencing a transience in landscape evolution characterized by a propagating incision wave in response to accelerated surface uplift c. 5 Ma. Responding to increased incision rates, hillslopes in granodiorite tend to have morphology similar to model predictions for steady state hillslopes, suggesting that they adjust rapidly to keep pace with the incision wave. By contrast, hillslopes in metavolcanics exhibit high gradients but lower hilltop curvature indicative of ongoing transient adjustment to incision. We used existing erosion rate data and the curvature of hilltops proximal to the main channels (where hillslopes have most likely adjusted to accelerated erosion rates) to demonstrate that the sediment transport coefficient is higher in granodiorite (8.8 m2 ka−1) than in metavolcanics (4.8 m2 ka−1). Hillslopes in both lithologies get shorter (i.e., drainage density increases) with increasing erosion rates.
Surgical Approach and Laser Applications in BRONJ Osteoporotic and Cancer Patients

Bisphosphonates-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ) has been reported with increasing frequency in literature over last years, but its therapy is still a dilemma. One hundred ninety patients affected by BRONJ were observed between January 2004 and November 2011 and 166 treated sites were subdivided in five groups on the basis of the therapeutical approach (medical or surgical, traditional or laser-assisted approach, with or without Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)). Clinical success has been defined for each treatment performed as clinical improvement or complete mucosal healing. Combination of antibiotic therapy, conservative surgery performed with Er:YAG laser and LLLT applications showed best results for cancer and noncancer patients. Nonsurgical approach performed on 69 sites induced an improvement in 35 sites (50.7%) and the complete healing in 19 sites (27.5%), while surgical approach on 97 sites induced an improvement in 84 sites (86.6%) and the complete healing in 78 sites (80.41%). Improvement and healing were recorded in 31 (81.5%) and 27 (71.5%) out of the 38 BRONJ sites treated in noncancer patients and in 88 (68.75%) and in 69 (53.9%) out of the 128 in cancer patients.
Toward a dialectical analysis of growth and defensive motives.

Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1980) is an impressive accomplishment. It has long stood at the vanguard of empirically oriented psychologists' attempts to grapple with the exploratory and growth-oriented aspects of human behavior that traditional drive theories have been unable to explain. It serves as a reminder of what is possible for humankind and provides a counterpoint to the grim picture of our species painted by theories of motivation that depict the human animal as driven by powerful needs that push us toward self-deception, the manipulation of others, and inevitable social inequality. Indeed, several years ago, this work inspired us to rethink our own exclusive emphasis on defensive forces in explaining human behavior and led to our ongoing attempts to grapple with the interface between defensive and acquisitive motivational systems (e.g., Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1995; Pyszczynski, Solomon, Greenberg, & Stewart-Fouts, 1996). We found much to like in the current target article, in which Deci and Ryan use SDT to explore some core issues in motivational psychology. Nonetheless, we find their analysis incomplete in several crucial respects that make it unable to adequately account for the complexity and diversity of human conduct. In the following paragraphs, we raise some questions for SDT and outline some of our own thoughts about these issues.
Sensor-based occupancy behavioral pattern recognition for energy and comfort management in intelligent buildings

There has been extensive research focusing on developing smart environments by integrating data mining techniques into environments that are equipped with sensors and actuators. The ultimate goal is to reduce the energy consumption in buildings while maintaining a maximum comfort level for occupants. However, there are few studies successfully demonstrating energy savings from occupancy behavioural patterns that have been learned in a smart environment because of a lack of a formal connection to building energy management systems. In this study, the objective is to develop and implement algorithms for sensor-based modelling and prediction of user behaviour in intelligent buildings and connect the behavioural patterns to building energy and comfort management systems through simulation tools. The results are tested on data from a room equipped with a distributed set of sensors, and building simulations through EnergyPlus suggest potential energy savings of 30% while maintaining an indoor comfort level when compared with other basic energy savings HVAC control strategies.
Calpains: Potential Targets for Alternative Chemotherapeutic Intervention Against Human Pathogenic Trypanosomatids

The treatment for both leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, which are severe human infections caused by trypanosomatids belonging to Leishmania and Trypanosoma genera, respectively, is extremely limited because of concerns of toxicity and efficacy with the available anti-protozoan drugs, as well as the emergence of drug resistance. Consequently, the urgency for the discovery of new trypanosomatid targets and novel bioactive compounds is particularly necessary. In this context, the investigation of changes in parasite gene expression between drug resistant/sensitive strains and in the up-regulation of virulence-related genes in infective forms has brought to the fore the involvement of calpain-like proteins in several crucial pathophysiological processes performed by trypanosomatids. These studies were encouraged by the publication of the complete genome sequences of three human pathogenic trypanosomatids, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major, which allowed in silico analyses that in turn directed the identification of numerous genes with interesting chemotherapeutic characteristics, including a large family of calpain-related proteins, in which to date 23 genes were assigned as calpains in T. brucei, 40 in T. cruzi and 33 in L. braziliensis. In the present review, we intend to add to these biochemical/biological reports the investigations performed upon the inhibitory capability of calpain inhibitors against human pathogenic trypanosomatids.
Alcohol consumption and self-reported (SF12) physical and mental health among working-aged men in a typical Russian city: a cross-sectional study

Aim To investigate the association between patterns of alcohol consumption and self-reported physical and mental health in a population with a high prevalence of hazardous drinking. Design Cross-sectional study of an age-stratified random sample of a population register. Setting The city of Izhevsk, The Russian Federation, 2008–09. Participants A total of 1031 men aged 25–60 years (68% response rate). Measurements Self-reported health was evaluated with the SF12 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summaries. Measures of hazardous drinking (based on frequency of adverse effects of alcohol intake including hangover, excessive drunkenness and extended episodes of intoxication lasting 2 or more days) were used in addition to frequency of alcohol consumption and total volume of beverage ethanol per year. Information on smoking and socio-demographic factors were obtained. Findings Compared with abstainers, those drinking 10–19 litres of beverage ethanol per year had a PCS score 2.66 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76; 4.56] higher. Hazardous beverage drinking was associated with a lower PCS score [mean diff: −2.95 (95% CI = −5.28; −0.62)] and even more strongly with a lower MCS score [mean diff: −4.29 (95% CI = −6.87; −1.70)] compared to non-hazardous drinkers, with frequent non-beverage alcohol drinking being associated with a particularly low MCS score [−7.23 (95% CI = −11.16; −3.29)]. Adjustment for smoking and socio-demographic factors attenuated these associations slightly, but the same patterns persisted. Adjustment for employment status attenuated the associations with PCS considerably. Conclusion Among working-aged male adults in Russia, hazardous patterns of alcohol drinking are associated with poorer self-reported physical health, and even more strongly with poorer self-reported mental health. Physical health appears to be lower in those reporting complete abstinence from alcohol compared with those drinking 10–19 litres per year.