Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Early Full-Calorie Nutrition Support Following Esophagectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Early use of enteral nutrition (EN) is indicated following surgical resection of esophageal cancer. However, early EN support does not always meet the optimal calorie or protein requirements, and the benefits of supplementary parenteral nutrition (PN) remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early supplementary PN following esophagectomy. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 80 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy. Resting energy expenditure and body composition measurements were performed in all patients preoperatively and postoperatively. EN was administered after surgery, followed by randomization to either EN+PN or EN alone. The amount of PN administered was calculated to meet the full calorie requirement, as measured by indirect calorimetry, and 1.5 g protein/kg fat-free mass (FFM) per day was added as determined by body composition measurement. The clinical characteristics were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Patients in the EN+PN group but not in the EN group preserved body weight (0.18 ± 3.38 kg vs −2.15 ± 3.19 kg, P < .05) and FFM (1.46 ± 2.97 kg vs −2.08 ± 4.16 kg) relative to preoperative measurements. Length of hospital stay, postoperative morbidity rates, and standard blood biochemistry profiles were similar. However, scores for physical functioning (71.5 ± 24.3 vs 60.4 ± 27.4, P < .05) and energy/fatigue (62.9 ± 19.5 vs 54.2 ± 23.5, P < .05) were higher in the EN+PN group 90 days following surgery. Conclusion: Early use of supplemental PN to meet full calorie requirements of patients who underwent esophagectomy led to better quality of life 3 months after surgery. Moreover, increased calorie and protein supplies were associated with preservation of body weight and FFM.
Predictors of Newspaper Readership

'John S. Davenport. N r w i p a p r r Cirrularion: Barkbow of rhr Indwrrv (Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown Co. 1949): Wilbur Schramm and Davd M . White. 'Age. Education. Economic Status: Factors in Newspaper Reading. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY. 26:149-59 (1949): Bruce H. Watley and Werner J. Sevenn, 'A Prol ik of thc Daily Newspaper Non-Reader. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 4I:45-5OO. 156 (1964); Galcn R. Rarick "Differences &tween Daily Newspaper S u b c r i k n and Nomubscnbcn. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY. W265-70 (1973); Jeanne Penrou. David H. Weaver. Richard R.Colcand Donald Lewis S h w . 'Tk Ncrwppr Nonreader 10 Y u n h e r : A PUci.1 Repliation o f Wa(lcy-SMrin'JOURNALISM QUARTERLY 51:631-38 (1974); Carl Jon Denbow. 'A T a t of Prcdr tonof Ncwspper Subscribing. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY 5274448 (1975): Robm L. Stevenson. 'The Frequency of Newspaper Readership. " A N P A N w i Rrwarrh Rrporr. 7 1 8 (Oct. 21. 1977): Jack M. McLeod and Sun Yuel Cha. 'An Analy,i, of Five Factors Afrectinp Newspaper Circulation. " A N P A N r w Rrwarrh Rrpwr. I D l d ( M a r c h 14. 1978). 'Wilbur Schramm. Jack Lyle and Edwin B. Parker. -'Pattern, in Children's Reading of Newspapen.JOURhALlSM QUARTERLY. 3735-Ul(1960): Garrett J. O'Kcefe. Jr. and H.T. Spctrupl. 'Patlcrnaof College Under#mdwta' U w o f Selected New Media. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, W543-48 (1973): Lownda F. Stcphcna. "Gmnd Forks(ND) Hrrald-Who Reads 11 and Why""'. Report No. I of the Sponsored R a a r c h Project on Public Opinion and Newspaper R a d m h i p (Grand Forks. Nonh Dakota: Communication RcK.rch Center. Univmi ty o f Norih Dakota. 1976). pp. l l % Stewnaon. op. rit. ; M c k o d r n d Choc. op. CII. ' W a t l y and Scvcrin. op. rit. : Pcnrae. Waver. C d e and S h w . op. rir.
Employee Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Age or Years of Experience

This study examined the relationship between age or years of experience and employee burnout by performing a meta-analysis on research studies that present findings on relationships between employee burnout and age or years of experience. The problem has practical significance in that the appropriateness of approaches to addressing employee burnout may depend on whether age or years of experience is a factor related to burnout. Results indicated that there was a small negative correlation between employee age and emotional exhaustion, one of the components of burnout, at least for employees in some fields in the United States, and possibly a small negative correlation between years of experience in a field and emotional exhaustion.
Role of DNA Replication and Repair in Thymineless Death in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Inhibition of DNA replication with hydroxyurea during thymine starvation of Escherichia coli shows that active DNA synthesis is not required for thymineless death (TLD). Hydroxyurea experiments and thymine starvation of lexA3 and uvrA DNA repair mutants rule out unbalanced growth, the SOS response, and nucleotide excision repair as explanations for TLD.
Testing Foreign Language Reading Comprehension: The Immediate Recall Protocol.

Traditional methods of testing reading comprehension are problematic. True/false and multiple choice tests, for example, are often not passage dependent. In a 1975 study conducted on multiple choice questions in standardized reading tests in the native language, Pyrczak found no significant difference between the scores of students who read a passage and selected an answer to comprehension questions and scores of students who simply selected a, b, c, or d in answer to the same comprehension questions without reading the text. ' Pyrczak cited three reasons for the results: 1) prior knowledge; 2) the "interrelatedness" of the questions; and 3) the general construction of multiple choice tests. In a later publication, Pyrczak with Axelrod concluded that teachers should pretest a test before administering it, in order to determine whether it is indeed passage dependent.2 They concluded that if reading tests are passage independent and students do not have to read carefully to peiform at criterion level, the testing system defeats the purpose of reading instruction. Even if problems of passage dependence vs. passage independence were resolved with multiple choice or true/false statements carefully worded and randomized, another stumbling block remains. Johns questions whether it is productive at all to test silent reading since passage dependence for some readers may be passage independence for others. It is difficult to know what knowledge the reader already has at hand.3
College Women Miss the Mark When Estimating the Impact of Full-Time Maternal Employment on Children’s Achievement and Behavior

The goals of the current study were to apply the construct of stereotype accuracy to the domain of college women’s perceptions of the effects of full-time maternal employment on children. Both accuracy/inaccuracy and positive/negative direction were examined. Participants were 1,259 college women who provided stereotyped projections about the effects of full-time employment on children’s IQ scores, formal achievement tests, school grades, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Their stereotype effect sizes were compared to meta-analytic effect sizes used to estimate the “actual” effects of maternal employment on children. Individual differences in these stereotypes were also examined. Results indicate that, on average, college women overestimated the negative effects of full-time maternal employment on child outcomes, especially behavior problems. Significant variability in the direction and accuracy of the stereotypes was explained by individual characteristics such as gender ideology, extrinsic work values, and beliefs about the costs of maternal employment. Concerns are that college-educated young women may retreat from the labor force due to stereotypes about the effects of their future employment on children. Efforts by researchers, practitioners, and policy makers should be directed toward disseminating accurate information and dispelling myths about the likely impact of maternal employment on children’s development.
Interannual variations of soil organic carbon fractions in unmanaged volcanic soils (Canary Islands, Spain)

The stability over time of the organic C stocked in soils under undisturbed ecosystems is poorly studied, despite being suitable for detecting changes related to climate fluctuations and global warming. Volcanic soils often show high organic C contents due to the stabilization of organic matter by short-range ordered minerals or Al-humus complexes. We investigated the dynamics of different organic C fractions in volcanic soils of protected natural ecosystems of the Canary Islands (Spain) to evaluate the stability of their C pools. The study was carried out in 10 plots, including both undisturbed and formerly disturbed ecosystems, over two annual periods. C inputs to (litterfall) and outputs from (respiration) the soil, root C stocks (0–30 cm), soil organic C (SOC) fractions belonging to C pools with different degrees of biogeochemical stability –total oxidisable C (TOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), water soluble C (WSC), hot-water extractable C (HWC), humic C (HSC), – and total soil N (TN) (at 0–15 and 15–30 cm) were measured seasonally.A statistically significant interannual increase in CO2 emissions and a decrease in the SOC, mainly at the expense of the most labile organic forms, were observed, while the root C stocks and litterfall inputs remained relatively constant over the study period. The observed changes may reflect an initial increase in SOC resulting from low soil respiration rates due to drought during the first year of study. The soils of nearly mature ecosystems were more apparently affected by C losses, while those undergoing the process of active natural regeneration exhibited disguised C loss because of the C sequestration trend that is characteristic of progressive ecological succession.
Effects of Health-Based and Appearance-Based Exercise Advertising on Exercise Attitudes, Social Physique Anxiety and Self-Presentation in an Exercise Setting

The public sector uses health as the primary motivator in physical activity campaigns whereas the private sector often uses appearance as a motivator, but whether these motivators can be successful in changing physical activity behavior remains to be determined. The purpose of this research was to test the effects of televised health promotion and appearance-based exercise advertising on exercise attitudes, social physique anxiety, and self-presentation. Participants completed pretest questionnaires one week prior to viewing a video that contained health or appearance exercise advertising. They then completed posttest questionnaires. Results showed that health-based advertising had significant positive effects on social physique anxiety and self-presentation for exercisers in the health condition, while appearance-based advertising had negative effects on nonexercisers' attitudes towards exercise.
The Microbial Community of the Cystic Fibrosis Airway Is Disrupted in Early Life

Background Molecular techniques have uncovered vast numbers of organisms in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, the clinical significance of which is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the microbial communities of the lower airway of clinically stable children with CF and children without CF. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and paired oropharyngeal swabs from clinically stable children with CF (n = 13) and BAL from children without CF (n = 9) were collected. DNA was isolated, the 16S rRNA regions amplified, fragmented, biotinylated and hybridised to a 16S rRNA microarray. Patient medical and demographic information was recorded and standard microbiological culture was performed. Results A diverse bacterial community was detected in the lower airways of children with CF and children without CF. The airway microbiome of clinically stable children with CF and children without CF were significantly different as measured by Shannon's Diversity Indices (p = 0.001; t test) and Principle coordinate analysis (p = 0.01; Adonis test). Overall the CF airway microbial community was more variable and had a less even distribution than the microbial community in the airways of children without CF. We highlighted several bacteria of interest, particularly Prevotella veroralis, CW040 and a Corynebacterium, which were of significantly differential abundance between the CF and non-CF lower airways. Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae culture abundance were found to be associated with CF airway microbial community structure. The CF upper and lower airways were found to have a broadly similar microbial milieu. Conclusion The microbial communities in the lower airways of stable children with CF and children without CF show significant differences in overall diversity. These discrepancies indicate a disruption of the airway microflora occurring early in life in children with CF.
Girls and women: Challenges for careers guidance practice

This article reviews the position of women in the UK labour market and the increasing complexity of their employment patterns. It criticises current career theory for girls and women and examines enhancers and inhibitors of women's career development. Finally, some promising developments in theory-building for girls and women are briefly discussed, together with some implications for practice.
Peacekeeping as Conflict Containment

A rich literature has developed focusing on the efficacy of peacekeeping operations (PKOs) in a temporal sense—asking whether the periods following a deployment are more peaceful or not. We know less about the efficacy of PKOs in a spatial sense. Can peacekeeping shape the geographic dispersion of particular episodes of violence? We posit that PKOs can contain conflict by decreasing the tactical advantage of mobility for the rebels, by obstructing the movement of armed actors, and by altering the ability for governments to seek and confront rebel actors. We investigate the observable implications using georeferenced conflict polygons from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program's (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED). Our findings confirm that PKOs tend to decrease movement in the conflict polygons, especially when robust forces are deployed and when rebel groups have strong ethnic ties. Our findings, on the one hand, imply that PKOs reduce the geographic scope of violence. On the other hand, PKOs may allow nonstate actors to gain strength and legitimacy and thus constitute an even greater future threat to the state whether some form of accord is not reached.
Prevailing Impressions of Social Actors in Korean News Coverage of a Public Health Crisis

A content analysis of coverage of a Korean public health crisis from September 1999 to December 2000 explored four hypotheses regarding how major social actors were depicted within two national newspapers,Chosun Ilbo, a conservative daily, andHankyoreh, a more liberal, youthoriented daily. The findings failed to support any of the four hypotheses. The coverage of major actors tended to range from unfavorable inHankyoreh to equivocal inChosun Ilbo. The study suggests that (1) the depiction of social actors was different between leading Korean news organizations and (2) a one-dimensional, broad characterization of the Korean news media’s alleged biases over time was difficult to validate. The study also implies that a tendency to uniformly characterize the depiction of social actors by all national news organizations is difficult inKorea and, perhaps, in similar cultural contexts.
Perceived and Actual Linguistic Competence: A Descriptive Study of Four Low-Achieving Hispanic Bilingual Students

This ethnographic study investigated the linguistic performance of four Hispanic bilingual students perceived to have limited language abilities in Spanish and English. The study provided data on the students’ language use and abilities, in both languages, in a variety of school and nonschool settings. Data were analyzed qualitatively for evidence of students’ linguistic, discourse, and narrative competencies. Performance was compared across settings and across languages for each student, as well as across students. All students displayed different strengths across settings in both languages. The data indicated that the organization of instruction limited the students’ abilities to demonstrate their full range of competence in the two languages, and that their lack of English structural proficiency and lack of vocabulary in Spanish was interpreted by teachers as a lack of conceptual ability. Observed over a variety of contexts, however, students showed the ability to use language as a vehicle for effective self-expression both socially and cognitively.
Saturation mutagenesis of Asn152 reveals a substrate selectivity switch in P99 cephalosporinase

In class C β‐lactamases, the strictly conserved Asn152 forms part of an extended active‐site hydrogen‐bonding network. To probe its role in catalysis, all 19 mutants of Enterobacter cloacae P99 cephalosporinase Asn152 were simultaneously constructed and screened in Escherichia coli for their in vivo activity. The screen identified the previously uncharacterized mutants Asn152Ser, Asn152Thr, and Asn152Gly, which possess significant activity and altered substrate selectivity. In vitro measurement of Michaelis‐Menten kinetic constants revealed that the Asn152Ser mutation causes a selectivity switch for penicillin G versus cefoxitin. Asn152Thr showed a 63‐fold increase in kcat for oxacillin, a slow substrate for wild‐type cephalosporinase. The results contribute to a growing body of data showing that mutation of highly conserved residues in the active site can result in substrate selectivity changes. The library screening method presented here would be applicable to substrate selectivity determination in other readily screenable enzymes.
Determinants of Teacher Professionalism

ABSTRACT Teacher professionalism is an important determinant in the pursuit of educational excellence. This study examines how the four factors: academic qualifications, professional training, teaching experience and professional development, affect teacher professionalism. A total of 338 high school teachers from 11 schools in Singapore participated in the study. Interestingly, academic qualifications and teaching experience of the subjects were not interrelated with teacher professionalism, while the variable professional development was an important contributory factor to teacher professionalism. Additionally, subjects with higher professional training had a significantly higher degree of teacher professionalism. The implications of these research findings to the professional development of teachers and their career paths are discussed.
Is artificial intelligence for medical professionals serving the patients? Protocol for a mixed method systematic review on patient-relevant benefits and harms of algorithmic decision-making.

Background Algorithmic decision making (ADM) utilizes algorithms to collect and process data and develop models to make or support decisions. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of support systems that can be superior to medical professionals without AI support in certain tasks. However, whether patients can benefit from this remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current evidence on patient-relevant benefits and harms when healthcare professionals use ADM systems (developed using or working with AI) compared to healthcare professionals without AI-related ADM (standard care) - regardless of the clinical issues. Furthermore, for interpreting collected evidence and analysing preconditions for the implementation of AI-related ADM in healthcare, experts from research, practice, and regulation will be interviewed. Methods Following the PRISMA statement and the MECIR standards for reporting systematic reviews, MEDLINE and PubMed (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Elsevier), IEEE Xplore, CENTRAL will be searched using English free text terms in title/abstract, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Embase Subject Headings (Emtree) fields. Additional studies will be identified by contacting authors of included studies and through reference lists of included studies. Grey literature searches will be conducted in Google Scholar. Risk of bias will be assessed by using Cochranes RoB 2 for randomised trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomised trials. Transparent reporting of the included studies will be assessed using the CONSORT-AI extension statement. Following the SRQR statement, semi-structured interviews will be conducted and analysed with the help of a qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Based on the research questions and the findings of the systematic review, the study and interview guide will be developed a priori. Discussion It is expected that there will be a substantial shortage of suitable studies that compare healthcare professionals with and without ADM systems concerning patient-relevant endpoints. This can be attributed to the prioritization of technical quality criteria and, in some cases, clinical parameters over patient-relevant endpoints in the development of study designs. Furthermore, it is anticipated that a significant portion of the identified studies will exhibit relatively poor methodological quality and provide only limited generalizable results.
Should I Protect You? Understanding Developers' Behavior to Privacy-Preserving APIs

There have been many proposals and developments to improve smartphone users’ location privacy with respect to mobile applications. These include user-centric application permission models and disclosures. However, little attention has been paid to how application developers could build privacypreserving apps. In this paper, we present a laboratory study (N=25) to understand developers’ behavior to enhanced APIs, which are a privacy-preserving modification of the existing Android Location API. In contrast to the existing methods, the studied API facilitates acquiring coarse location information without accessing the geocoordinates. Our results indicate that by offering a redesigned API, programmers can be nudged into making choices with their programming that help to preserve privacy of their users.
A nationwide Guillain-Barre syndrome epidemiological study in Spain during the COVID-19 years

OBJECTIVE: To perform a nationwide epidemiological study of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in Spain, analysing background incidences and seasonal variation and trying to identify incidence changes during the COVID-19 years. METHODS: Observational study collecting all GBS diagnoses from National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE) collected by the Ministry of Health. Patients discharged with GBS as main diagnosis and admitted during 2018-2021 were included. Data on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccinations were obtained from the National Epidemiology Centre. RESULTS: In total, 3147 cases were included, 832 in 2018, 861 in 2019, 670 in 2020 and 784 in 2021. Nationwide hospital incidence was 1.78 in 2018, 1.71 in 2019, 1.41 in 2020 and 1.66 in 2021, with an increased frequency in males, elderly population, and in the winter season. Eleven percent of GBS patients needed ventilatory support. GBS and SARS-CoV-2 incidences did not correlate with one another (r=-0.29, p=0.36). GBS incidence decreased during 2020 and during COVID-19 lockdown period in comparison to the same months of 2018-2019. No relationship was found between vaccines and GBS cases during vaccination roll-out in 2021. INTERPRETATION: Incidence of GBS in Spain is similar to that of other countries. Despite prior reports describing a significant increase in COVID-19-associated GBS in Spain, we detected a significant drop of GBS incidence during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, probably due to prevention measures. No relationship was found between SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinations and GBS incidences at the population level but data on relationship of vaccinations and GBS at the individual level were not available.