Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decimeter-Level Localization with a Single WiFi Access Point

We present Chronos, a system that enables a single WiFi access point to localize clients to within tens of centimeters. Such a system can bring indoor positioning to homes and small businesses which typically have a single access point. The key enabler underlying Chronos is a novel algorithm that can compute sub-nanosecond time-of-flight using commodity WiFi cards. By multiplying the time-of-flight with the speed of light, a MIMO access point computes the distance between each of its antennas and the client, hence localizing it. Our implementation on commodity WiFi cards demonstrates that Chronos's accuracy is comparable to state-of-the-art localization systems, which use four or five access points.
Human Topoisomerase IIIα Is a Single-stranded DNA Decatenase That Is Stimulated by BLM and RMI1*

Human topoisomerase IIIα is a type IA DNA topoisomerase that functions with BLM and RMI1 to resolve DNA replication and recombination intermediates. BLM, human topoisomerase IIIα, and RMI1 catalyze the dissolution of double Holliday junctions into noncrossover products via a strand-passage mechanism. We generated single-stranded catenanes that resemble the proposed dissolution intermediate recognized by human topoisomerase IIIα. We demonstrate that human topoisomerase IIIα is a single-stranded DNA decatenase that is specifically stimulated by the BLM-RMI1 pair. In addition, RMI1 interacts with human topoisomerase IIIα, and the interaction is required for the stimulatory effect of RMI1 on decatenase activity. Our data provide direct evidence that human topoisomerase IIIα functions as a decatenase with the assistance of BLM and RMI1 to facilitate the processing of homologous recombination intermediates without crossing over as a mechanism to preserve genome integrity.
Robust Submodular Observation Selection

In many applications, one has to actively select among a set of expensive observations before making an informed decision. For example, in environmental monitoring, we want to select locations to measure in order to most effectively predict spatial phenomena. Often, we want to select observations which are robust against a number of possible objective functions. Examples include minimizing the maximum posterior variance in Gaussian Process regression, robust experimental design, and sensor placement for outbreak detection. In this paper, we present the Submodular Saturation algorithm, a simple and efficient algorithm with strong theoretical approximation guarantees for cases where the possible objective functions exhibit submodularity, an intuitive diminishing returns property. Moreover, we prove that better approximation algorithms do not exist unless NP-complete problems admit efficient algorithms. We show how our algorithm can be extended to handle complex cost functions (incorporating non-unit observation cost or communication and path costs). We also show how the algorithm can be used to near-optimally trade off expected-case (e.g., the Mean Square Prediction Error in Gaussian Process regression) and worst-case (e.g., maximum predictive variance) performance. We show that many important machine learning problems fit our robust submodular observation selection formalism, and provide extensive empirical evaluation on several real-world problems. For Gaussian Process regression, our algorithm compares favorably with state-of-the-art heuristics described in the geostatistics literature, while being simpler, faster and providing theoretical guarantees. For robust experimental design, our algorithm performs favorably compared to SDP-based algorithms. c ©2008 Andreas Krause, H. Brendan McMahan, Carlos Guestrin and Anupam Gupta. KRAUSE, MCMAHAN, GUESTRIN AND GUPTA
The Use of Isolated Human Lymphocytes in Mycotoxin Cytotoxicity Testing

The cytotoxicity of selected mycotoxins against isolated human lymphocytes was investigated, as a means of detecting mycotoxins in extracts derived from cereal samples. The methodology was based on the ability of viable cells to reduce methyl tetrazolium bromide to a purple formazan dye that could be quantitated by spectrophometric means and hence give a measure of the cytotoxicity of added substances. The results showed that there was good correlation with the occurrence of identified mycotoxins with only a minimum of false positives. For example, of the 13 samples of barley or barley derivatives that were positive for the mycotoxins, fumonisin B1 (FB1) deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA), all gave positive cytotoxicity responses. Two samples negative for mycotoxins gave no cytotoxicity responses. There was little variation between the results for lymphocytes drawn from the same healthy volunteer on three different occasions. Furthermore, for two of the mycotoxins tested (FB1 and DON) it was possible to correlate general levels of mycotoxins present to the cytotoxic response of the lymphocytes but not for OTA, where it was concluded that interfering substances prevented direct correlation. It was concluded that this method was suited for general application as it could handle relatively high number of samples in a short period of time.
Does diet in Celtic Sea fishes reflect prey availability

Feeding preferences of Celtic Sea fishes were investigated using a database of stomach content records, collected between 1977 and 1994. The diet of cod Gadus morhua, hake Merluccius merluccius, megrim Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis, whiting Merlangius merlangus and saithe Pollachius virens changed markedly as the animals grew larger, and although large predators generally chose larger bodied prey, the variability of prey sizes consumed also increased. Large predators continued to select small, low value, benthic prey (e.g. Callionymus spp. and Trisopterus spp.) which were easier to catch, rather than larger, more energy lucrative pelagic prey (e.g. mackerel Scomber scombrus), even though these pelagic prey-fishes were nearly always available and were often very abundant. Stock estimates of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and U.K. groundfish survey catches were used as indices of prey abundance. Blue-whiting Micromesistius poutassou and other small pelagic fishes (Argentina spp. and clupeoids) were identified as being particularly important, and were consumed by some predators more often than would be expected given the abundance of these prey in the environment. There was no evidence for density-dependent feeding by predators on mackerel and only hake exhibited density-dependent feeding on horse-mackerel. Hake, cod and megrim consumed more blue-whiting when this prey was at higher abundance in the environment. In choosing what prey to consume, predators must balance costs and benefits, considering the quality of prey and the energy expended during search, capture and handling.
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Act As Galactose Stores in Seeds and Are Required for Rapid Germination of Arabidopsis in the Dark

Raffinose synthase 5 (AtRS5, At5g40390) was characterized from Arabidopsis as a recombinant enzyme. It has a far higher affinity for the substrates galactinol and sucrose than any other raffinose synthase previously reported. In addition raffinose synthase 5 is also working as a galactosylhydrolase, degrading galactinol, and raffinose under certain conditions. Together with raffinose synthase 4, which is predominantly a stachyose synthase, both enzymes contribute to the raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) accumulation in seeds. A double knockout in raffinose synthase 4 and raffinose synthase 5 (ΔAtRS4,5) was generated, which is devoid of RFOs in seeds. Unstressed leaves of 4 week old ΔAtRS4,5 plants showed drastically 23.8-fold increased concentrations of galactinol. Unexpectedly, raffinose appeared again in drought stressed ΔAtRS4,5 plants, but not under other abiotic stress conditions. Drought stress leads to novel transcripts of raffinose synthase 6 suggesting that this isoform is a further stress inducible raffinose synthase in Arabidopsis. ΔAtRS4,5 seeds showed a 5 days delayed germination phenotype in darkness and an elevated expression of the transcription factor phytochrome interacting factor 1 (AtPIF1) target gene AtPIF6, being a repressor of germination. This prolonged dormancy is not seen during germination in the light. Exogenous galactose partially promotes germination of ΔAtRS4,5 seeds in the dark suggesting that RFOs act as a galactose store and repress AtPIF6 transcripts.
Effectiveness of Group Psycho-education on Well-being and Depression Among Breast Cancer Survivors of Melaka, Malaysia

Background: The psychological stress after diagnosis of breast cancer is often severe. Most of the women with breast cancer and their families suffer from emotional, social, financial and psychological disturbances. Materials and Methods: A cluster non-randomized trial was conducted at a Cancer Society in Melaka, Malaysia to assess the effectiveness of psycho-education on well-being status and depression among breast cancer patients. The study period was for one month (11th June 2011 and 16th July 2011). Participants in this study were 34 adult women suffering from non-metastatic breast cancer and on appropriate allopathic medication. The WHO-five Well-being Index (1998 version) was used as the screening instrument for the assessment of well-being and depression. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.0. Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test was applied for comparison between pre-test and post-test scores. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: This study revealed that majority of the participants was in the state of adequate well-being after the psycho-education 33 (97.1%). The proportion of depressed individuals had also reduced from 8 (23.5%) to 1 (2.9%) after the psychological intervention. The post-test results significantly improved after the intervention for the items related to “I have felt calm and relaxed”, “I woke up feeling fresh and rested” and “my daily life has been filled with things that interest me” along with the “overall impression” in the WHO-5 Well-being Index. Conclusion: Group psycho-education played a significant role in improving the well-being status and reducing depression of breast cancer survivors.
Seasonal and physiological variation of gross composition of camel milk in Saudi Arabia

Weekly milk samples from ten lactating she camels (Camelus dromedarius) were analyzed regularly for 11 months after parturition. The main values for all samples were 2.54 ± 0.72g/100g fat matter, 3.07 ± 0.30g/100g protein, 4.21 ± 0.37g/100g lactose and 0.76 ± 0.10g/100g ash. Fat content decreased from 3.41% at the first week to 2.29% at 36th week post-partum with rising at the end to 2.95% while protein decreased from 3.44% at week 1 to 2.79% at the end of lactation, and lactose from 4.48% to 3.90%. Ash increased from 0.72% to 0.82% then decreased down to 0.71%. Regarding seasonal variation, maximum level of fat was observed in January (3.46%) and minimum at summer time (2.29% in July). Protein content was maximum in February (3.32%) and minimum in October (2.76%). For lactose, the maximum mean value was 4.38% in February and the minimum in September (3.83%). The ash content was quite variable in January then stable all over the year. All components were highly positively correlated, except between fat and ash content which was not significant. No significant effect of parity, gestation length, calf body weight at birth or adult weight on all milk content. The average total milk production was 1207 L for 11 months range between 875 and 1616 L. The correlation between milk production and milk components are significantly negative.
Inflation Dynamics and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve in EU-4

The paper seeks to shed light on inflation dynamics of four new EU member states (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). To this end, the New Keynesian Phillips curve augmented for open economies is estimated and additional statistical tests applied. We find the following. (1) The claim of New Keynesians that the real marginal cost is the main inflation-forcing variable is fragile. (2) Inflation seems to be driven by external factors. (3) Although inflation holds forward-looking component, the backward-looking one is substantial. An intuitive explanation for higher inflation persistence may be rather adaptive than rational price setting of local firms.
Recycling Attitudes and Behavior among a Clinic-Based Sample of Low-Income Hispanic Women in Southeast Texas

We examined attitudes and behavior surrounding voluntary recycling in a population of low-income Hispanic women. Participants (N = 1,512) 18–55 years of age completed a self-report survey and responded to questions regarding household recycling behavior, recycling knowledge, recycling beliefs, potential barriers to recycling (transportation mode, time), acculturation, demographic characteristics (age, income, employment, marital status, education, number of children, birth country), and social desirability. Forty-six percent of participants (n = 810) indicated that they or someone else in their household recycled. In a logistic regression model controlling for social desirability, recycling behavior was related to increased age (P<0.05), lower acculturation (P<0.01), knowing what to recycle (P<0.01), knowing that recycling saves landfill space (P<0.05), and disagreeing that recycling takes too much time (P<0.001). A Sobel test revealed that acculturation mediated the relationship between recycling knowledge and recycling behavior (P<0.05). We offer new information on recycling behavior among Hispanic women and highlight the need for educational outreach and intervention strategies to increase recycling behavior within this understudied population.
Prostaglandins and the Control of Blood Flow in the Canine Myocardium

A comprehensive study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on a variety of reactions in the coronary vascular bed of anesthetized, open-chest dogs. In 23 dogs an electromagnetic flow probe (EMFP) and hydraulic occluder were placed around either the left anterior descending or circumflex branches of the coronary artery and a needle was inserted distal to the EMFP. Injections into the coronary artery of arachidonic acid (AA), bradykinin, adenosine, angiotensin, and PGE2 were given before and after inhibition of PG synthesis by indomethacin (IND) or meclofenamate (MF). The effects of the inhibitors on reactive hyperemia resulting from 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-second occlusions and the dilation resulting from 90-second exposure to 8% O2 were also examined. In each experiment, inhibition of PG synthesis was ascertained by the elimination of vasodilation to AA. After administration of IND or MF, while baseline coronary blood flow was slightly reduced, the total increment of blood flow to vasodilator agents was not significantly altered. Whereas the peak dilation and volume of reactive hyperemia were decreased, the percent flow debt repaid was unchanged and total increment of coronary flow due to hypoxia-induced vasodilation was not significantly modified. Vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin were also unchanged. These results indicate that while inhibitors of PG synthesis increase coronary resistance, they do not adversely affect vascular responsiveness. We conclude that prostaglandins play little, if any, role in modulating coronary blood flow.
EVALUATION OF MEDICATION COMPLIANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE IN YEMEN

Objective: Non-compliance with heart failure medication is related to the highest mortality, morbidity, and health-care costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate medication compliance with patients with congestive heart failure. Methods:Inpatients of the cardiac care unit and medical ward of Republican Hospital, German Hospital, Revolutionary Hospital, and Chinese–Yemeni Friendship Hospital were recruited for this study. The study was conducted on patients that were diagnosed as having congestive heart failure and were receiving treatment. Questionnaires were distributed and personal interviews to evaluate the patients’ compliance was conducted to determine the reasons for their non-compliance in taking drugs. Results: Of 86 patients, 44% (n = 38) reported compliance and 56% (n = 48) reported non-compliance. The distribution of the patients in terms of sex was as follows: among men, 41% (n = 24) were compliant and 59% (n = 35) were non-compliant; among women, 52% (n = 14) were compliant and 48% (n = 13) were non-compliant. In addition, smoking status was too significantly linked with non-compliance (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the status of chewing of khat tree leaves was also significantly associated with non-compliance (P = 0.007). Conclusion: This study indicates that the reasons for non-compliance with medications among patients can be attributed to lack of education, chewing of khat tree leaves, lack of health insurance, and cigarette smoking. Therefore, healthcare professionals should create strategies to address these reasons in order to increase medication compliance with patients in heart failure.
Fas-associated Phosphatase 1 (Fap1) Influences βCatenin Activity in Myeloid Progenitor Cells Expressing the Bcr-abl Oncogene

Background: Increased Fap1 expression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with Fas resistance. Results: Fap1 also increases βcatenin activity in CML by inactivating Gsk3β, a serine/threonine kinase that effects inhibitory phosphorylation of βcatenin. Conclusion: Fap1 influences cell proliferation and survival by regulating βcatenin protein stability. Significance: Fap1 contributes to the pathogenesis of CML by inhibiting apoptosis and increasing βcatenin activity. Increased βcatenin activity correlates with leukemia stem cell expansion and disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found previously that expression of the CML-related Bcr-abl oncoprotein in myeloid progenitor cells increases expression of Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (Fap1). This resulted in Fap1-dependent resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis in these cells. Fap1 also interacts with the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) protein, but the functional significance of this interaction is unknown. Apc participates in a complex that includes glycogen synthase kinase β (Gsk3β) and βcatenin. Assembly of this complex results in phosphorylation of βcatenin by Gsk3β, which facilitates βcatenin ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. In this study, we found increased association of Fap1 with the Apc complex in Bcr-abl+ myeloid progenitor cells. We also found Fap1-dependent inactivation of Gsk3β and consequent stabilization of βcatenin in these cells. Consistent with this, Bcr-abl+ cells exhibited a Fap1-dependent increase in βcatenin activity. Our studies identified Fap1-dependent Gsk3β inactivation as a molecular mechanism for increased βcatenin activity in CML.
Construction of Near-Optimum Burst Erasure Correcting Low-Density Parity-Check Codes

In this paper, a simple and effective tool for the design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for iterative correction of bursts of erasures is presented. The design method consists of starting from the parity-check matrix of an LDPC code and developing an optimized parity-check matrix, with the same performance over the memoryless erasure channel, and suitable also for the iterative correction of single erasure bursts. The parity-check matrix optimization is performed by an algorithm called pivot searching and swapping (PSS) algorithm. It executes permutations of carefully chosen columns of the parity-check matrix, after a local analysis of particular variable nodes called stopping set pivots. This algorithm can be in principle applied to any LDPC code. If the input parity-check matrix is designed to achieve a good performance over the memoryless erasure channel, then the code obtained after the application of the algorithm provides a good joint correction of independent erasures and single erasure bursts. Numerical results are provided in order to show the algorithm effectiveness when applied to different categories of LDPC codes.
Effects of concentration and solvent composition on the electrical conductivity of sodium bromide in pure water and ethanol-water mixed solvent media

Precise measurements on the conductivity of Sodium Bromide in pure water and ethanol-water mixed solvent media containing 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60 volume fractions of ethanol at room temperature are reported. The concentrations were varied from ~ 0.010 to ~ 0.10 mol.L -1 . The results showed a sharp increase in the conductivity with increasing electrolyte concentration. The conductivity of electrolyte decreases with increase in the amount of ethanol. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 8, No. II, December, 2012, 1-6 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/kuset.v8i2. 7318
The Impact of Location Errors on Geographic Routing in Sensor Networks

Geographic routing in wireless sensor networks is based on the prerequisite that every node has information about its current position, for instance via GPS or some localization algorithm. This location information has a certain degree of inaccuracy in real deployments. The majority of geographic routing algorithms, however, has been designed for nodes with exact position information. We show that location errors yield bad performance or even complete failures. Two elaborated geographic routing algorithms for sensor networks, GPSR and BGR, are evaluated with the nodes having inaccurate location information, varying the standard deviation of the position error between zero and the transmission range. Simulation studies show a vast decrease of the packet delivery ratio. To enhance both algorithms, fixes for them are presented to improve the delivery ratio and to save energy in case of location errors.
SentiHood: Targeted Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis Dataset for Urban Neighbourhoods

In this paper, we introduce the task of targeted aspect-based sentiment analysis. The goal is to extract fine-grained information with respect to entities mentioned in user comments. This work extends both aspect-based sentiment analysis – that assumes a single entity per document — and targeted sentiment analysis — that assumes a single sentiment towards a target entity. In particular, we identify the sentiment towards each aspect of one or more entities. As a testbed for this task, we introduce the SentiHood dataset, extracted from a question answering (QA) platform where urban neighbourhoods are discussed by users. In this context units of text often mention several aspects of one or more neighbourhoods. This is the first time that a generic social media platform,i.e. QA, is used for fine-grained opinion mining. Text coming from QA platforms are far less constrained compared to text from review specific platforms which current datasets are based on. We develop several strong baselines, relying on logistic regression and state-of-the-art recurrent neural networks
Toward Unlimited Shareholder Liability for Corporate Torts

Limited liability in tort has been the prevailing rule for corporations in the United States, as elsewhere, for more than a century. This rule is generally acknowledged to create incentives for excessive risk-taking by permitting corporations to avoid the full costs of their activities. Nevertheless, these incentives are conventionally assumed to be the price of securing efficient capital financing for corporations. Although several authors have recently proposed curtailing limited liability for certain classes of tort claims or for certain types of corporations in order to control its worst abuses, even the most