Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial for the treatment of mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal effects.

One hundred and eighty euthyroid pregnant women were selected at the end of the first trimester of gestation on the basis of biochemical criteria of excessive thyroid stimulation, defined as supranormal serum thyroglobulin (TG > 20 micrograms/L) associated with a low normal free T4 index (< 1.23) and/or an increased T3/T4 ratio (> 25 x 10(-3)). Women were randomized in a double blind protocol into three groups and treated until term with a placebo, 100 micrograms potassium iodide (KI)/day, or 100 micrograms iodide plus 100 micrograms L-T4/day. Parameters of thyroid function, urinary iodine excretion, and thyroid volume were monitored sequentially. Neonatal thyroid parameters, including thyroid volume by echography, were also assessed in the newborns from mothers of the three groups. In women receiving a placebo, the indices of excessive thyroid stimulation worsened as gestation progressed, with low free T4 levels, markedly increased serum TG and T3/T4 ratio. Serum TSH doubled, on the average, and was supranormal in 20% of the cases at term. Urinary iodine excretion levels were low, around 30 micrograms/L at term. The thyroid volume increased, on the average, by 30%, and 16% of the women developed a goiter, confirming the goitrogenic stimulus associated with pregnancy. Moreover, the newborns of these mothers had significantly larger thyroid volumes at birth as well as elevated serum TG levels. In both groups of women receiving an active treatment, the alterations in thyroid function associated with pregnancy were markedly improved. The increase in serum TSH was almost suppressed, serum TG decreased significantly, and changes in thyroid volume were minimized (group receiving KI) or almost suppressed (group receiving KI combined with L-T4). Moreover, in the newborns of the mothers in the two groups receiving an active treatment, serum TG was significantly lower, and thyroid volume at birth was normal. The effects of therapy were clearly more rapid and more marked in the group receiving a combination of T4 and KI than in the women receiving KI alone. The differences could be partly attributed to the slightly higher amount of iodine received by women in the combined treatment. However, the main benefits of the combined treatment were almost certainly attributable to the hormonal effects of the addition of L-T4. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the administration of T4 did not hamper the beneficial effect of iodine supplementation. In conclusion, the present work emphasizes the potential risk of goitrogenic stimulation in both mother and newborn in the presence of mild iodine deficiency. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Circuits and systems engineering education through interdisciplinary team-based design projects

An essential part of the bachelor program in Electrical Engineering at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven since many years is a number of design projects that teach the basics of electronics design engineering to our students. The major project consists of an academic-year-long design task that is carried out by a group of about 20 students. These students are trained to operate as a multidisciplinary team based of sub-teams that handle the different design problems in a multidisciplinary way. Teaching assistants are added to the team to serve either as expert designer or as project leader of a team. In this way the students learn a lot about the circuits, systems and software they conceive but they also develop their teamwork, leadership and presentation skills. In this paper we will give an overview of the technical content of this project and describe the way how it is organised. Taking this project as an example, the rationale behind this kind of interdisciplinary design projects is depicted.
A two-phase model for the narrow line region of NGC 4151

NGC 4151 is one of the brightest and best-studied Seyfert galaxies. Here, we present a two-phase model of the narrow-line region (NLR) of NGC 4151. This study is motivated by (i) the fact that the X-ray spectrum of NGC 4151 is among the flattest known for Seyferts, and (ii) the recent Chandra detection of an X-ray narrow-line region in this galaxy. X-ray spectra as flat as that of NGC 4151 ( x ' 1:5) are expected to favor the presence of two gas phases in pressure equilibrium (Krolik et al. 1981). In the present study, we show that a pronounced two-phase equilibrium develops in the extended emission-line region if we use the observed multi-wavelength spectrum of NGC 4151 to ionize the clouds. The material is stable to isobaric perturbations over a wide range of temperatures. We therefore propose that such a condition has arisen in the NLR of NGC 4151, and that it explains the detection of hot, extended X-ray gas which we identify as the NLR-cloud conning medium.
Forecasting of housing stock returns and housing prices: Evidence from the endurance index of housing investor sentiment

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to create an endurance index of housing investor sentiment and use it to forecast housing stock returns. This study performs not only in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting, like many previous studies did, but also a true forecasting by using all lag terms of independent variables. In addition, an evaluation procedure is applied to quantify the quality of forecasts. Design/methodology/approach - – Using a binomial probability distribution model, this paper creates an endurance index of housing investor sentiment. The index reflects the probability of the high or low stock price being the close price for the Philadelphia Stock Exchange Housing Sector Index. This housing investor sentiment endurance index directly uses housing stock price differentials to measure housing investor reactions to all relevant news. Empirical results in this study suggest that the index can not only play a significant role in explaining variations in housing stock returns but also have decent forecasting ability. Findings - – Results of this study reveal the considerable forecasting ability of the index. Monthly forecasts of housing stock returns have an overall accuracy of 51 per cent, while the overall accuracy of 8-quarter rolling forecasts even reaches 84 per cent. In addition, the index has decent forecasting ability on changes in housing prices as suggested by the strong evidence of one-direction causal relations running from the endurance index to housing prices. However, extreme volatility of housing stock returns may impair the forecasting quality. Practical implications - – The endurance index of housing investor sentiment is easy to construct and use for forecasting housing stock returns. The demonstrated predictability of the index on housing stock returns in this study can have broad implications on housing-related business practices through providing an effective forecasting tool to investors and analysts of housing stocks, as well as housing policy-makers. Originality/value - – Despite different investor sentiment proxies suggested in the previous studies, few of them can effectively predict stock returns, due to some embedded limitations. Many increases and decreases inn prices cancel out each other during the trading day, as many unreliable sentiments cancel out each other. This dynamic process reveals not only investor sentiment but also resilience or endurance of sentiment. It is only long-lasting resilient sentiment that can be built in the closing price. It means that the only feasible way to use investor sentiment contained in stock prices to forecast future stock prices is to detach resilient investor sentiment from stock prices and construct an index of endurance of investor sentiment.
CONSTRAINING THE STAR FORMATION HISTORIES OF GAMMA-RAY BURST HOST GALAXIES FROM THEIR OBSERVED ABUNDANCE PATTERNS

Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are linked to the collapse of massive stars and their hosts are exclusively identified as active, star-forming galaxies. Four long GRBs observed at high spectral resolution at redshift 1.5 ⩽ z ⩽ 4 allowed the determination of the elemental abundances for a set of different chemical elements. In this paper, for the first time, by means of detailed chemical evolution models taking into account also dust production, we attempt to constrain the star formation history of the host galaxies of these GRBs from the study of the measured chemical abundances measured in their interstellar medium. We are also able to provide constraints on the age and on the dust content of GRB hosts. Our results support the hypothesis that long duration GRBs occur preferentially in low metallicity, star-forming galaxies. We compare the specific star formation rate (SSFR), namely the star formation rate (SFR) per unit stellar mass, predicted for the hosts of these GRBs with observational values for GRB hosts distributed across a large redshift range. Our models predict a decrease of the SSFR with redshift, consistent with the observed decrease of the comoving cosmic SFR density between z ∼ 2 and z = 0. On the other hand, observed GRB hosts seem to follow an opposite trend in the SSFR versus redshift plot, with an increase of the SSFR with decreasing redshift. Future SSFR determination in larger samples of GRB hosts will be important to understand whether this trend is real or due to some selection effect. Finally, we compare the SSFR of GRB 050730 host with values derived with a sample of Quasar damped Lyman alpha (DLA) systems. Our results indicate that the abundance pattern and the SSFRs of the host galaxies of this GRB are basically compatible with the ones determined for a sample of Quasar DLA systems, suggesting similar chemical evolution paths.
The Information Content of Central Bank Interest Rate Projections: Evidence from New Zealand

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand was the first central bank to publish interest rate projections as a tool for forward guidance of monetary policy. This paper provides new evidence on the information content of interest rate projections for market expectations about future short-term rates before and during the financial crisis. While the information content of interest rate projections decreases with the forecast horizon in both periods, we find that their impact on market expectations has declined significantly since the outbreak of the crisis.
Ex Post Portfolio Performance with Predictable Skewness and Kurtosis

This paper examines the ex-post performance of optimal portfolios with predictable returns, when the investor horizon ranges from one month to ten years. Due to the investor's ability to anticipate shifts from bull to bear markets, predictability involves the risk premium, volatility and correlations, and may extend to third and fourth moments. We analyze three different equity portfolios datasets, each covering more than eight indexes, including the commonly used US Industry and International Book-to-Market portfolios. Allowing for regimes improves portfolio performance for at least a subset of investment horizons in all datasets. Despite large non-normalities in both the Industry and the BM dataset, gains from predicting higher order moments obtain only in the latter - where third rather than fourth moments matter. The equally weighted strategy usually leads to lower ex-post performance measures than optimizing ones, despite simple econometrics and power utility preferences underlying optimal strategies.
Search Engines and Data Retention: Implications for Privacy and Antitrust

This paper investigates whether larger quantities of historical data affect a firm's ability to maintain market share in Internet search. We study whether the length of time that search engines retained their server logs affected the apparent accuracy of subsequent searches. Our analysis exploits changes in these policies prompted by the actions of policymakers. We find little empirical evidence that reducing the length of storage of past search engine searches affected the accuracy of search. Our results suggest that the possession of historical data confers less of an advantage in market share than is sometimes supposed. Our results also suggest that limits on data retention may impose fewer costs in instances where overly long data retention leads to privacy concerns such as an individual's ``right to be forgotten. "
Maturation and maintenance of cholinergic medial septum neurons require glucocorticoid receptor signaling

Glucocorticoids have been shown to influence trophic processes in the nervous system. In particular, they seem to be important for the development of cholinergic neurons in various brain regions. Here, we applied a genetic approach to investigate the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on the maturation and maintenance of cholinergic medial septal neurons between P15 and one year of age by using a mouse model carrying a CNS‐specific conditional inactivation of the GR gene (GRNesCre). The number of choline acetyltransferase and p75NTR immuno‐positive neurons in the medial septum (MS) was analyzed by stereology in controls versus mutants. In addition, cholinergic fiber density, acetylcholine release and cholinergic key enzyme activity of these neurons were determined in the hippocampus. We found that in GRNesCre animals the number of medial septal cholinergic neurons was significantly reduced during development. In addition, cholinergic cell number further decreased with aging in these mutants. The functional GR gene is therefore required for the proper maturation and maintenance of medial septal cholinergic neurons. However, the loss of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum is not accompanied by a loss of functional cholinergic parameters of these neurons in their target region, the hippocampus. This pinpoints to plasticity of the septo‐hippocampal system, that seems to compensate for the septal cell loss by sprouting of the remaining neurons.
Resource Use Efficiency Under Self-Selectivity: The Case of Bangladeshi Rice Producers

The paper jointly evaluates the determinants of switching to modern rice and its productivity while allowing for production inefficiency at the level of individual producers. Model diagnostics reveal that serious selection bias exists, justifying the use of a sample selection framework in stochastic frontier models. Results revealed that modern variety selection decisions are influenced positively by the availability of irrigation and gross return from rice and negatively by a rise in the relative wage of labour. Adoption of modern rice is higher in underdeveloped regions. Seasonality and geography/ location does matter in adoption decisions. Stochastic production frontier results reveal that land, labour and irrigation are the significant determinants of modern rice productivity. Decreasing returns to scale prevail in modern rice production. The mean level of technical efficiency (MTE) is estimated at 0.82. Results also demonstrate that the conventional stochastic frontier model significantly overestimates inefficiency by three points (MTE = 0.79). Policy implications include measures to increase access to irrigation, tenurial reform and keeping rice prices high to boost farm returns and offset the impact of a rise in the labour wage which will synergistically increase the adoption of modern rice as well as farm productivity.
New York City Early College High Schools: Perceptions of College Presidents and High School Principals on Benefits and Institutional Values

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of college presidents and high school principals regarding the Early College High School Initiative (ECHSI) in New York City. Examining the ECHSI through the lens of institutional collaboration provided insight into the current process. In-depth interviews were conducted with six college CUNY presidents and six principals of early college high schools to collect data. Findings from this study show that participants shared their perceptions of preparing students for success in higher education through the initiative, but they had mixed opinions on the degree to which the ECHSI offers institutional benefits in New York City. While the process for collaboration has improved over the years, findings show there continues to be room for improvement. Recommendations for future research include: (a) replicating this study throughout the State of New York, (b) examining the extent to which collaboration is working with the ECHSI from the perspective of college and university administrators, (c) examining the perceptions of private college and university administrators regarding the value and benefits of early college high school initiatives, and (d) understanding how the combination of numeracy and literacy skills, with a K-12 perspective, and exposure to STEM are required to prepare early college high school students with diverse skill levels for success in higher education. Recommendations for practitioners include encouraging higher education policy makers to identify how early college high school students can be counted or included as key indicators for colleges and universities. Finally, administrators are encouraged to integrate early college high school students into classes with college students. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Claudia L. Edwards Second Supervisor Frank Auriemma Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/211 New York City Early College High Schools: Perceptions of College Presidents and High School Principals on Benefits and Institutional Values
The Public and the Profession’s Perception of Social Work

ABSTRACT The social work profession has long been concerned about its mission and perception. The two interests go hand in hand, because to have an effect on how we as social workers are viewed, we must be self-aware about who we are and what we do. This paper will address how social work periodically reflects upon and re-assesses its purpose because of internal considerations, such as the profession’s ethics, and external forces, including the job market and public perception. Some of the research con- ducted over the years into public perception of social work—as well as that of our clients—will be presented and compared. In addition, I review how the media have portrayed the field, and how we as professionals have marketed ourselves. Finally, some suggestions will be offered, which can be applied at various levels, including direct practice, program development and evaluation, administration, and branding of the profession as a whole.
Relationship Banking, Deposit Insurance and Bank Portfolio Choice

The purpose of this paper is to examine the consequences of interbank competition and bank-capital market competition on the portfolio choices of banks and the welfare of borrowers in a regulatory environment of (de facto) complete deposit insurance. Our focus is on an industry characterized by 'relationship banking', i.e. a setting involving repeated, bilateral credit transactions between banks and borrowers. A key feature of relationship banking is the intertemporal accumulation of proprietary borrower-specific information in the hands of the bank, and the consequent creation of informational rents. To the extent that these rents are shared by the bank and the borrower, both parties see a value in continuing their relationship. The desire to protect such relationships affects the bank's asset portfolio choice.
Differential Effects of Abnormal Tactile Experience on Shaping Representation Patterns in Developing and Adult Motor Cortex

This study investigates the influence of early somatosensory experience on shaping movement representation patterns in motor cortex. Electrical microstimulation was used to map bilaterally the motor cortices of adult rats subjected to altered tactile experience by unilateral vibrissa trimming from birth (birth-trimmed group) or for comparable periods that began in adulthood (adult-trimmed group). Findings demonstrated that (1) vibrissa trimming from birth, but not when initiated in adulthood, led to a significantly smaller-sized primary motor cortex (M1) vibrissa representation in the hemisphere contralateral to the trimmed vibrissae, with no evidence for concomitant changes in size of the adjacent forelimb representation or the representation of the intact vibrissae in the opposite (ipsilateral) hemisphere; (2) in the contralateral hemispheres of the birth-trimmed group, an abnormal pattern of evoked vibrissa movement was evident in which bilateral or ipsilateral (intact) vibrissa movement predominated; (3) in both hemispheres of the birth-trimmed group, current thresholds for eliciting movement of the trimmed vibrissa were significantly lower than normal; and (4) in the adult-trimmed group, but not in the birth-trimmed group, there was a decrease bilaterally in the relative frequency of dual forelimb–vibrissa sites that form the common border between these representations. These results show that sensory experience early in life exerts a significant influence in sculpting motor representation patterns in M1. The mature motor cortex is more resistant to the type and magnitude of influence that tactile experience has on developing M1, which may indicate that such an influence is constrained by a developmentally regulated critical period.
Role of osteopontin in the development of neointimal hyperplasia in vein grafts.

OBJECTIVES Neointimal hyperplasia and superimposed atherosclerosis are central to late vein graft failure following coronary artery bypass grafting. Recent studies on post-injury arterial vessels have suggested a role of osteopontin (OPN) in the process of vascular remodelling. This study was designed to assess the in vivo performance of OPN following vein grafting. METHODS Bilateral saphenous vein-carotid artery interposition grafting was performed in 16 Large White pigs (35-45 kg). All patent vein grafts were removed and fixed at 1, 2, 4 (n = 8 grafts in each group) and 12 weeks (n = 6 grafts) following surgery. Multiple histological sections from each graft were prepared. The expression of OPN in the vein grafts was determined by immunostaining and western blot assay. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunocytochemistry. Vein graft morphology was assessed using computer-aided planimetry. RESULTS The expression of OPN remarkably increased in the intima of the vein grafts at the first week postoperatively and then gradually declined from the second postoperative week, although OPN expression remained significantly higher than the baseline level at the end of the 3-month study period. More importantly, the number of PCNA-positive cells and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression correlated well with the OPN expression. CONCLUSIONS Early induction of OPN in vein grafts may contribute to the subsequent increase in MMPs activities as well as vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Therefore, OPN could play an important role in the development of neointimal hyperplasia in venous conduits after coronary artery bypass grafting.
On the Origin of Polarization near the Lyman Edge in Quasars

Optical/UV radiation from accretion disks in quasars is likely to be partly scattered by a hot plasma enveloping the disk. We investigate whether the scattering may produce the steep rises in polarization observed blueward of the Lyman limit in some quasars. We suggest and assess two models. In the first model, primary disk radiation with a Lyman edge in absorption passes through a static ionized "skin" covering the disk, which has a temperature kT~3 keV and a Thomson optical depth τT~1. Electron scattering in the skin smears out the edge and produces a steep rise in polarization at λ<912 Å. In the second model, the scattering occurs in a hot coronal plasma outflowing from the disk with a mildly relativistic velocity. We find that the second model better explains the data. The ability of the models to fit the observed rises in polarization is illustrated with the quasar PG 1630+377.