Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ingroup Overexclusion Effect - Impact of Valence and Confirmation On Stereotypical Information Search

Investigates an old controversy in ethnic identification from the Perspective of information-gathering strategies. It was hypothesized that people would request a lot of positive information before deciding that someone is a member of the ingroup. First, a questionnaire measuring the typical features of likeable and unlikeable targets issuing from two linguistic groups (Flemish and Walloon) revealed the existence of four distinguishable sets. These sets corresponded to the orthogonal combination of valence and group membership, i.e. they were organized in terms of two independent dimensions, an evaluative one and descriptive one. The dimensional complexity and evaluative extremity of the 'positive ingroup' and 'negative outgroup' sets were not different. Second, characteristics in each set served to create personality profiles presumably describing real targets. Subjects read these profiles, one feature at a time up to 10 features, and were asked to decide whether the target was a member of their group. They also learned that they could make their decision as soon as they felt confident. In line with Yzerbyt and Leyens' (1991) results, data indicate that subjects requested more information when the evidence was positive or consistent with their ingroup membership than when it was negative or inconsistent. These findings shed new light on earlier work concerning ethnic identification. In the context of the more general question of intergroup relations and their role in person perception, the present results may be interpreted in terms of an ingroup overexclusion effect rather than a vigilance effect or response bias. Thus is added a new effect to the well-known phenomena of ingroup favouritism and outgroup homogeneity.
Pathological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in an adult Dutch population--epidemiology and outcome.

BACKGROUND A working group has defined five subtypes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) based on light microscopic assessment (Columbia classification). Limited information is available on the prognostic and therapeutic implications of this classification in a European population. We conducted a retrospective analysis in 93 adult patients with biopsy-proven FSGS to determine the clinical features and outcome of FSGS variants. METHODS Renal biopsy specimens of adult patients (>16 years) diagnosed with FSGS between 1980 and 2003 were reviewed according to the Columbia classification without the knowledge of clinical outcome. The medical records were reviewed for clinical data. Primary outcomes were remission rate and renal survival. RESULTS The frequencies of the FSGS variants were: 32% NOS (FSGS not otherwise specified), 37% tip, 26% perihilar and 5% collapsing. Cellular FSGS was not found in the biopsies. The nephrotic syndrome was less frequent in FSGS NOS (57%) and perihilar FSGS (25%) compared to the tip variant (97%). Renal function was significantly better in patients with the tip variant compared to FSGS NOS (P<0.05). Glomerular sclerosis and hyalinosis was most severe in patients with perihilar FSGS, intermediate in FSGS NOS and the least severe in patients with the tip variant. Patients with perihilar FSGS were less likely to receive immunosuppressive medication. Renal survival at 5 years was significantly better for patients with the tip variant (78% for tip vs 63% and 55% for FSGS NOS and perihilar FSGS; P=0.02). Type of FSGS and serum creatinine concentration were independent predictors of renal survival. Remission rate was higher in patients with the tip variant (P=0.1). CONCLUSION The collapsing variant was rare in our population. Renal survival and remission rates were higher in patients with the tip variant. Use of the classification scheme for FSGS may be clinically useful.
SOUNDING GAY: PITCH PROPERTIES IN THE SPEECH OF GAY AND STRAIGHT MEN

\M ANY GAY, LESBIAN, AND BISEXUAL PEOPLE can recall the pre-coming-out experience of rifling through dictionaries, encyclopedias, and textbook indexes, nervously seeking any reference at all that might have something to do with our incipient sexualities. We pored over terse, clinical definitions of homosexuality and sodomy as if we'd found forbidden fruit. We watched television and movies and waited for those rare appearances of swishy fags and heartless dykes, never letting on how closely we were paying attention to the ways these stereotyped characters looked, acted, dressed, and talked. To see even these negative, damning treatments of queer folk' helped us feel that we were not alone, that even if we were different, abnormal, or immoral, there were more of us in the world than our parents and teachers knew or told us about. When we came out, we began to discover the actual, rich diversity of our communities. Those of us fortunate enough to have received higher educations now find ourselves in institutions where terms like gay history and lesbian literature are almost commonplace. In linguistics, however, we have barely left the earlier days of enforced invisibility and negative stereotypes. If one were to take sociolinguistic literature as actually representing
Alternatives to the Stork Fatherhood Fantasies in Donor Insemination Families

Reproductive technology has presented a challenge to families and clinicians alike in making sense of the psychological experience when a child is born with the use of donated sperm or ova. This article addresses one specific aspect of this challenge: father imagos and fantasies for parents, donors, and children in donor insemination families. Pour psychodynamic issues are explored: denial of reality and denial of the Unconscious, the power of die unconscious and the “unthought known,” reversion and resistance to part-object thinking, and paradoxical psychic construction and destruction of the father. In extension of Winnicott's theory dial there is no infant without a mother, the author concludes dial there is no infant without all the parties who make die child and all the parties who raise die child.
On application of virtual fixtures as an aid for telemanipulation and training

This paper presents a study on the application of virtual fixtures as a control aid for performing telemanipulation or in the training environment. The implementation features both manual and supervisory control modes. It also studies approaches for using virtual fixtures in generating visual and force clues and/or for restricting the motion of the slave using the definition of virtual fixtures. In this preliminary study it was found that the virtual fixtures could: improve the speed and precision of the operator, and reduce the operator's workload and the duration of the training phase for the novice operator.
Time and Work–Life Balance: The Roles of ‘Temporal Customization’ and ‘Life Temporality’

This article poses a challenge to the orthodox binary, conceptualization of work–life balance only made possible by relying on the widespread ‘clock time’ worldview, which understands employment practices in terms of the basic time = money equation. In particular, it is the balance metaphor which relies on a quantification of both work and life in order to make sense and can therefore be seen to be based on an understanding of time as a measurable and value-able unit. This article seeks to begin the exercise of examining the concept of work–life balance through a broader concept of the temporal dimension than simply limited quantitative notions. Two temporal themes are reported from a study which identified employees who had customized their working pattern to suit the various and multi-dimensional facets of their lifestyles and thereby successfully improved their work–life balance. Participants in this study demonstrated that an improved work–life balance is more about a mind-set that refuses to be dominated by a work temporality and is determined to create ‘me time’ rather than e.g. simply choosing a four day week or a part-time job. It is argued that the notion of work–life balance is more usefully conceptualized within a broader notion of ‘livingscapes’ which contain both elements of work and life and that as researchers, our challenge must be to reflect the complexity of this weave within our analyses of individuals’ work–life balance.
Neuroeconomics: The Consilience of Brain and Decision

Economics, psychology, and neuroscience are converging today into a single, unified discipline with the ultimate aim of providing a single, general theory of human behavior. This is the emerging field of neuroeconomics in which consilience, the accordance of two or more inductions drawn from different groups of phenomena, seems to be operating. Economists and psychologists are providing rich conceptual tools for understanding and modeling behavior, while neurobiologists provide tools for the study of mechanism. The goal of this discipline is thus to understand the processes that connect sensation and action by revealing the neurobiological mechanisms by which decisions are made. This review describes recent developments in neuroeconomics from both behavioral and biological perspectives.
Differential susceptibility to motor impulsivity among functional subtypes of Parkinson's disease

Background and objectives Parkinson's disease patients with predominant postural instability and gait difficulties (PIGD) may experience unique cognitive difficulties compared to patients with tremor predominant (TD) symptoms. PIGD patients are also at high risk for falling, and some of the worst fallers seem to react impulsively to their environment. We tested the hypothesis that PIGD patients show poorer control over motor impulses compared to TD patients. Methods 34 PD participants were divided into predominant PIGD (n=17) or TD (n=17) functional subtypes based on their presenting symptoms in their optimally treated motor state. All participants performed a speeded reaction task that quantified motor impulsivity and the proficiency of inhibiting prepotent motor impulses. Results The groups showed similar reaction times, but compared to TD patients, PIGD patients made significantly more impulsive motor errors. Notably, when the initial impulsive erroneous response was avoided, PIGD and TD groups were similar in their ability to suppress the incorrect motor impulse from further interfering with the selection of a correct action. Conclusions PD patients with PIGD predominant symptoms show greater susceptibility to acting on prepotent motor impulses compared to TD patients. This finding may have direct implications for fall risk and also points to dissociable neurocognitive pathologies in TD and PIGD subtypes. Clinically, the use of specific cognitive instruments to assess the expression and inhibition of motor impulses may help identify PD patients who have difficulty ‘thinking before they leap’ and are at high risk of falling.
The Art of War: Beyond Memory-one Strategies in Population Games

We show that the history of play in a population game contains exploitable information that can be successfully used by sophisticated strategies to defeat memory-one opponents, including zero determinant strategies. The history allows a player to label opponents by their strategies, enabling a player to determine the population distribution and to act differentially based on the opponent’s strategy in each pairwise interaction. For the Prisoner’s Dilemma, these advantages lead to the natural formation of cooperative coalitions among similarly behaving players and eventually to unilateral defection against opposing player types. We show analytically and empirically that optimal play in population games depends strongly on the population distribution. For example, the optimal strategy for a minority player type against a resident TFT population is ALLC, while for a majority player type the optimal strategy versus TFT players is ALLD. Such behaviors are not accessible to memory-one strategies. Drawing inspiration from Sun Tzu’s the Art of War, we implemented a non-memory-one strategy for population games based on techniques from machine learning and statistical inference that can exploit the history of play in this manner. Via simulation we find that this strategy is essentially uninvadable and can successfully invade (significantly more likely than a neutral mutant) essentially all known memory-one strategies for the Prisoner’s Dilemma, including ALLC (always cooperate), ALLD (always defect), tit-for-tat (TFT), win-stay-lose-shift (WSLS), and zero determinant (ZD) strategies, including extortionate and generous strategies.
Lower Limb Maximal Dynamic Strength and Agility Determinants in Elite Basketball Players

Chaouachi, A, Brughelli, M, Chamari, K, Levin, GT, Ben Abdelkrim, N, Laurencelle, L, and Castagna, C. Lower limb maximal dynamic strength and agility determinants in elite basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 23(5): 1570-1577, 2009-The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and basketball-relevant tests and the variables that influence agility (T-test) in elite male professional basketball players (n = 14, age 23.3 ± 2.7 years, height 195.6 ± 8.3 cm, body mass 94.2 ± 10.2 kg). T-test performance was significantly related to body mass (r = 0.58, p = 0.03) and to percentage of body fat (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between t-test and 5-jump test performance (r = -0.61, p = 0.02). Squat 1RM was significantly related to 5-, 10-, and 30-m sprint times. Stepwise correlation analysis showed percentage of body fat was the best single predictor factor (p < 0.05) of agility. Squat 1RM performance was the best single predictor of 5-m and 10-m sprint times (p < 0.05). In light of the present study's findings, agility should be regarded as a per se physiological ability for elite basketball players. Consequently, basketball-specific agility drills should be stressed in elite basketball training. Given the association between squat 1RM performance and short sprint times, squat exercises should be a major component of basketball conditioning.
Polymicrobial peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients in Australia: predictors, treatment, and outcomes.

BACKGROUND The study aim was to examine the frequency, predictors, treatment, and clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis-associated polymicrobial peritonitis. STUDY DESIGN Observational cohort study using ANZDATA (The Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry) data. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS All Australian peritoneal dialysis patients between October 2003 and December 2006. PREDICTORS Age, sex, race, body mass index, baseline renal function, late referral, kidney disease, smoking status, comorbidity, peritoneal permeability, center, state, organisms, and antibiotic regimen. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS Polymicrobial peritonitis occurrence, relapse, hospitalization, catheter removal, hemodialysis transfer, and death. RESULTS 359 episodes of polymicrobial peritonitis occurred in 324 individuals, representing 10% of all peritonitis episodes during 6,002 patient-years. The organisms isolated included mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (41%), pure Gram-negative organisms (22%), pure Gram-positive organisms (25%), and mixed bacteria and fungi (13%). There were no significant independent predictors of polymicrobial peritonitis except for the presence of chronic lung disease. Compared with single-organism infections, polymicrobial peritonitis was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (83% vs 68%; P < 0.001), catheter removal (43% vs 19%; P < 0.001), permanent hemodialysis transfer (38% vs 15%; P < 0.001), and death (4% vs 2%; P = 0.03). Isolation of fungus or Gram-negative bacteria was the primary predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. Pure Gram-positive peritonitis had the best clinical outcomes. Patients who had their catheters removed >1 week after polymicrobial peritonitis onset were significantly more likely to be permanently transferred to hemodialysis therapy than those who had earlier catheter removal (92% vs 81%; P = 0.05). LIMITATIONS Limited covariate adjustment. Residual confounding and coding bias could not be excluded. CONCLUSIONS Polymicrobial peritonitis can be treated successfully using antibiotics alone without catheter removal in most cases, particularly when only Gram-positive organisms are isolated. Isolation of Gram-negative bacteria (with or without Gram-positive bacteria) or fungi carries a worse prognosis and generally should be treated with early catheter removal and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
TV Entertainment Programming and Sociopolitical Attitudes

ters appeared in a traditional male role-a network journalist in the anchor position at the time of this research. She was not cast in a contrived circumstance and her j o b was, and is, tied to a reality function. Maude exercises control over her mousy husband. Mary Tyler Moore influenced the affairs of co-workers and friends in the office and at home. She may also have been perceived as in control of her own life-an apparently well-adjusted professional woman. Except for Mary Tyler Moore, the television women regarded by the girls as “in control” were not the same ones thought by them to be much like themselves or like their idealized television women. A Mary Tyler Moore phenomenon was evident in the findings of this research and may help explain the program’s longtime popularity.12 Mary Tyler Moore was never ranked less than third on any dimension in the research. She was perceived by thegirls as the “typical American female. ” someone “like me. ” someone I want to “be like,” someone I would want as a “friend. ” and someone I would like to have as a “mother. ” She was a character for all needs and perceptions. Her multidimensional appeal may have contributed to her sustained acceptance by a n enormous national audience. Her program was companionship oriented. ” The data gathered here confirmed the claim that Mary Tyler Moore was the most realistic and identifiable “heroine of all women on the tube. ”I4 However, the early cancellation of a 1978 network television program which featured her as a variety show hostess (“Mary”), suggests that her influence and appeal may be limited. Trends in commercial television programming change as quickly as genres of shows fade in and out of favor with their audiences. Individual actors and actresses also attain varying degrees of popularity, depending in part upon the roles they assume. This study has documented some of the ways in which adolescent girls perceive many well-known women who have starred on television during the past few years. The degree to which girls’ behavior is ultimately affected by their recognition Q u A R . r F: R 1. Y
Technological diversification and economic performance: A within industry perspective

This study aims at a better understanding of how firms arrange and profit from their technological competencies. In particular, it presents a contribution to the diversification-performance literature by dealing with a still poorly researched aspect of diversification, namely technological diversification, while controlling for market diversification. Results suggest that firms that concentrate their technology assets in coherent groups outperform those that distribute their technology endowments across less related areas. The research also contributes to the literature on firm heterogeneity by focusing and exploring a single industry, automotive suppliers in the U.S. By working in one sector, it avoids the complications inherent in inter-industry cross-sectional analysis, while recognizing that firms make their strategy decisions within a single-industry, where most of their resources are concentrated.
Triagem cognitiva: comparacoes entre o mini-mental e o teste de trilhas

This study investigated the performance of elderly people in the Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive screening test. By comparing the performance of ninety-two elderly subjects in the Mini-Mental test and the Trail Making test, the authors demonstrated that the Mini-Mental test is not appropriate for identifying precocious cognitive decline. The results of the analyses showed that those who passed the Trail Test had better performance than those who failed. At first, these results may suggest that both the Trail test and the Mini-Mental test are screening for cognitive decline. However, the analysis of the average number of correct answers in the test showed that around 90% of those who correctly completed the Trail Test B would pass the Mini-Mental test in clinical evaluations. These results held true even when a conservative cut-off point was adopted (those for literate subjects). Almost 90% of the subjects, who would be described as having a cognitive deficiency per Trail Test B did not show a decline when Mini-Mental cognitive screening was used. These results point to the importance of reviewing the screening procedures when prevention of cognitive decline is the aim. These results suggest that the Mini-Mental cognitive screening test detects decline when it has already begun but that it has little value when evaluating a sample of healthy subjects.
Fandom in the Digital Era

This essay traces the profound impact of the digital revolution upon fandom, looking particularly at debates within the fan and acafan communities. It argues that fans have always been at the forefront of media industry transformations, summarizes some of the common themes emerging in the debate, and considers the wider implications for the reconfigured relationships between producer and consumer in the digital economy.
Serum Mannose‐Binding Lectin Levels and mbl2 Gene Polymorphisms in Different Age and Gender Groups of Southern Chinese Adults

Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) is an acute‐phase serum protein, and its inherited deficiency has been shown to predispose to infections. The developmental profile of serum MBL in preterm infants has been demonstrated previously. To determine the profiles of serum MBL levels and mbl2 polymorphisms over age and genders in an adult population, samples from 689 southern Chinese (age range 16–57 years; 382 males and 307 females) were studied using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and high‐throughput genotyping of mbl2. Serum MBL levels maintained within a narrow range from age groups of 16–20 years old to 31–40 years old (mean of 2050–2160 µg/l) and declined to a mean of 1466 µg/l in the last age group 41–57 years old. No significant differences were found in the distributions of mbl2 haplotypes (YA, XA and YB) among all these age groups. Between gender groups, no significant imbalance of MBL profile in terms of serum MBL levels and distribution of mbl2 haplotypes was found. Results suggest an important role of circulating MBL in first‐line host defence because MBL maintains at fairly constant levels after childhood and no gender influence on the MBL profile.
Head-driven Transition-based Parsing with Top-down Prediction

This paper presents a novel top-down head-driven parsing algorithm for data-driven projective dependency analysis. This algorithm handles global structures, such as clause and coordination, better than shift-reduce or other bottom-up algorithms. Experiments on the English Penn Treebank data and the Chinese CoNLL-06 data show that the proposed algorithm achieves comparable results with other data-driven dependency parsing algorithms.