Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic Injuries following Falls by Hospital In-Patients

Background: Falls are one of the most frequent episodes on the hospital wards. Objective: To identify orthopaedic injuries sustained by in-patients falling on the hospital wards and to find out what treatment these required along with the additional time and cost that this incurred. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 900 incident forms and case records was undertaken for a 3-year period. Fractures and other soft-tissue injuries sustained and time, place, and mode of injury were noted. Type of fractures sustained and specific treatment required including operative procedure needed were studied. The cost of each treatment and the total cost in terms of time and money were calculated. Results: We identified 42 patients with orthopaedic injuries; 53% of the falls were recorded on medical wards. A poor pre-fall mobility was an important factor in over 80% of the cases, and a variety of medical conditions pre-existed in the elderly ill patients. Eighteen patients (42%) sustained hip fractures, of whom 15 patients (36%) required surgical treatment. There were 9 deaths in total, 5 of them occurred in patients with hip fractures. The cost of treating the injuries amounted to about GBP 70,000. An additional hospital stay of 56 weeks in total was needed, most patients requiring between 1 and 5 weeks of additional stay. Conclusions: Falls in elderly in-patients can result in a variety of skeletal injuries. These may require major operative procedures and result in significant morbidity and can prove fatal. The treatment of these injuries is a substantial added expenditure to the trust.
Cancer Network Disruption by a Single Molecule Inhibitor Targeting Both Histone Deacetylase Activity and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling

Purpose: Given that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to induce multiple epigenetic modifications affecting signaling networks and act synergistically with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, we developed a strategy to simultaneously inhibit HDACs and PI3K in cancer cells. Experimental Design: We constructed dual-acting inhibitors by incorporating HDAC inhibitory functionality into a PI3K inhibitor pharmacophore. CUDC-907, a development candidate selected from these dual inhibitors, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo to determine its pharmacologic properties, anticancer activity, and mechanism of action. Results: CUDC-907 potently inhibits class I PI3Ks as well as classes I and II HDAC enzymes. Through its integrated HDAC inhibitory activity, CUDC-907 durably inhibits the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and compensatory signaling molecules such as RAF, MEK, MAPK, and STAT-3, as well as upstream receptor tyrosine kinases. CUDC-907 shows greater growth inhibition and proapoptotic activity than single-target PI3K or HDAC inhibitors in both cultured and implanted cancer cells. Conclusions: CUDC-907 may offer improved therapeutic benefits through simultaneous, sustained disruption of multiple oncogenic signaling networks. Clin Cancer Res; 18(15); 4104–13. ©2012 AACR.
Resistance Training for Gait Speed and Total Distance Walked During the Chronic Stage of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of resistance training on comfortable gait speed and total distance walked when initiated in the chronic stage of stroke. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched from 1980 to June 2012. Studies were selected if they met the following criteria: (1) they were randomized controlled trials; (2) individuals in the studies were entered into the studies at or over 6 months post stroke; (3) resistance training was initiated during the chronic stage of stroke; and (4) study participants were ≥18 years of age. A standardized mean difference (SMD ± SE and 95% confidence interval [CI]) was calculated for at least 1 of the following outcomes in each study: comfortable gait speed and/or 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Treatment effect sizes were interpreted as follows: small, >0.2; moderate, >0.5; or large, >0.8. Study quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool. Results: Ten randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. Significant improvement was seen for gait speed with a small effect size (0.295 ± 0.118; 95% CI, 0.063–0.526; P < .013) and a pooled post mean speed of 0.79 m/s, and for the 6MWT (0.247 ± 0.111; 95% CI, 0.030–0.465; P = .026) with a pooled post mean total distance walked of 271.9 m. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that providing lower limb resistance training to community-dwelling individuals who are 6 months post stroke has the capacity to improve comfortable gait speed and total distance walked.
Proliferation deficits and gene expression dysregulation in Down's syndrome (Ts1Cje) neural progenitor cells cultured from neurospheres

Down's syndrome neurophenotypes are characterized by mental retardation and a decreased brain volume. To identify whether deficits in proliferation could be responsible for this phenotype, neural progenitor cells were isolated from the developing E14 neocortex of Down's syndrome partial trisomy Ts1Cje mice and euploid (WT) littermates and grown as neurospheres. Ts1Cje neural progenitors proliferated at a slower rate, because of a longer cell cycle, and a greater number of cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. An increase in cell death was also noted. Gene expression profiles of neural progenitor cells from Ts1Cje and WT showed that 54% of triploid genes had expression ratios (Ts1Cje/WT) significantly greater than the expected diploid gene ratio of 1.0. Some diploid genes associated with proliferation, differentiation, and glial function were dysregulated. Interestingly, proliferation and gene expression dysregulation detected in the Ts1Cje mice did not require overexpression of the chromosome 21 genes amyloid precursor protein (App) and soluble superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1). © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation in different energy output levels versus ultrasonic in removal of root canal filling materials in endodontic retreatment

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation in different energy outputs versus ultrasonic in gutta-percha removal during the endodontic retreatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 extracted human lower premolars were divided into three groups (n = 7). Following the standardized preparation of the root canals with Wave One Rotary system and obturation with gutta-percha: Group I was treated with ultrasonic, Group II by Er:YAG laser with 40 mJ/Pulse, and Group III by Er:YAG laser with 50 mJ/Pulse for the removal of gutta-percha from the canals. Two extra teeth were treated by Er:YAG laser with 135 mJ/Pulse as control group. For all groups, time for gutta-percha removal was recorded. Samples were then splited into two halves and tested by scanning electron microscope and stereomicroscopic evaluation under different magnification power to observe the efficacy of each method used in the removal of gutta-percha. Results: Statistical analysis of Kruskal–Wallis suggested that there are significant difference between the groups in relation to removal time (P < 0.05) and 2 × 2 Mann–Whitney U-test among the groups revealed that there is no significant difference between 40 and 50 mJ laser outputs (P > 0.05), but ultrasonic versus 40 and/or 50 mJ laser outputs were significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Er:YAG laser beam was not so efficient when compared to ultrasonic to reach the deeper parts of the canals as it was asserted, thermal side effects and burning damages were observed on the root canal dentinal walls. Moreover, the delivery system was not flexible enough to compensate the curvature of the canal system even though we used more straight canals as the sample ones as well as more time-consuming than the ultrasonic and more clinical time, rendering it to be less efficient in the removal of the obturation material during endodontic retreatment procedures.
Persistence of Th1/Tc1 responses one year after tetravalent dengue vaccination in adults and adolescents in Singapore

To characterize the cell mediated immunity (CMI) induced by the investigational CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV), we developed a whole-blood, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay and a multiplex assay, each requiring 3 mL of blood. We assessed CMI before and 28 d after a first and third injection of CYD-TDV and one year after the third injection in a subset of 80 adolescents and adults enrolled in a phase II trial in Singapore (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT NCT00880893). CD4/IFNγ/TNFα responses specific to dengue NS3 were detected before vaccination. Vaccination induced YF-17D-NS3-specific CD8/IFNγ responses, without significant TNFα, and a CYD-specific Th1/Tc1 cellular response in all participants, which was characterized by predominant IFNγ secretion compared with TNFα, associated with low level IL-13 secretion in multiplex analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) supernatants after restimulation with each the CYD vaccine viruses. Responses were directed mainly against CYD-4 after the first vaccination, and were more balanced against all four serotypes after the third vaccination. The same qualitative profile was observed one year after the third vaccination, with approximately 2-fold lower NS3-specific responses, and 3-fold lower serotype-specific cellular responses. These findings confirm previous observations regarding both the nature and specificity of cellular responses induced by CYD-TDV, and for the first time demonstrate the persistence of cellular responses after one year. We also established the feasibility of analyzing CMI with small blood samples, allowing such analysis to be considered for pediatric trials.
Spectral Gini Index for Quantifying the Depth of Consciousness

We propose indices that describe the depth of consciousness (DOC) based on electroencephalograms (EEGs) acquired during anesthesia. The spectral Gini index (SpG) is a novel index utilizing the inequality in the powers of the EEG spectral components; a similar index is the binarized spectral Gini index (BSpG), which has low computational complexity. A set of EEG data from 15 subjects was obtained during the induction and recovery periods of general anesthesia with propofol. The efficacy of the indices as indicators of the DOC was demonstrated by examining Spearman's correlation coefficients between the indices and the effect-site concentration of propofol. A higher correlation was observed for SpG and BSpG (0.633 and 0.770, resp., p < 0.001) compared to the conventional indices. These results show that the proposed indices can achieve a reliable quantification of the DOC with simplified calculations.
The Process of Process Modeling

Business process models have gained significant importance due to their critical role for managing business processes. Still, process models display a wide range of quality problems. For example, literature reports on error rates between 10% and 20% in industrial process model collections. Most research in the context of quality issues in process models puts a strong emphasis on the product or outcome of the process modeling act (i.e., the resulting process models), while the process followed for creating process models is only considered to a limited extent. The creation of process models involves the elicitation of requirements from the domain as well as the formalization of these requirements as process models. In this presentation the focus will be on the formalization of process models, which can be considered a process by itself – the process of process modeling (PPM). In particular, this presentation will shed light on the way how process models are created, present different behavioral patterns that can be observed, and discuss factors that influence the PPM, e.g., modeler-specific factors like domain knowledge or process modeling competence and task-specific factors. Moreover, it will present a specialized modeling environment, which logs all interactions of the process modeler with the modeling environment, thus, providing the infrastructure to investigate the PPM. In addition, the presentation discusses how methods like eye movement analysis, think aloud, or the analysis of bio-feedback (e.g., pulse or heart rate) might enable even deeper insights into the PPM. La donnee est-elle soluble dans la mobiquite ?
Effective ultrasonographic predictor for the diagnosis of acute lobar nephronia

Background. Correct identification of acute lobar nephronia (ALN) is necessary to prevent progression to renal abscess. The goal of this retrospective study was to determine whether the sonographic finding of severe nephromegaly (i.e. renal length greater than mean + 3 sd) is a preselection criterion for computed tomographic (CT) scanning in diagnosing pediatric ALN among children with an acute upper urinary tract infection. Design/methods. We evaluated a new imaging work-up scheme to detect pediatric ALN. All patients with urinary tract infection were evaluated with ultrasonography. If a markedly enlarged kidney or focal mass was present sonographically, CT scanning was done immediately. CT scanning was also performed when the patient had borderline nephromegaly and remained febrile for 72 h after start of antibiotic treatment. ALN diagnosis was made on the basis of positive CT findings. Results. Thirty patients with ALN (13 left, 7 right, 10 bilateral) and one with acute pyelonephritis were identified. ALN in all patients resolved after 3 weeks of antibiotic treatment. Thirty-nine of the 62 kidneys evaluated showed severe nephromegaly, and 10 had focal renal masses. With CT diagnosis of ALN as the reference standard, the sensitivity of severe nephromegaly was 90.0% and the specificity was 86.4%. When the focal renal mass was added as a combining predictor, the sensitivity further increased to 95%. Conclusions. Pediatric ALN was effectively predicted using sonographic findings of severe nephromegaly and/or focal mass before CT scanning.
Exploitation of Endophytic Bacteria to Enhance the Phytoremediation Potential of the Wetland Helophyte Juncus acutus

This study investigated the potential of indigenous endophytic bacteria to improve the efficiency of the wetland helophyte Juncus acutus to deal with a mixed pollution consisting of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and metals. The beneficial effect of bioaugmentation with selected endophytic bacteria was more prominent in case of high contamination: most of the inoculated plants (especially those inoculated with the mixed culture) removed higher percentages of organics and metals from the liquid phase in shorter times compared to the non-inoculated plants without exhibiting significant oxidative stress. When exposed to the lower concentrations, the tailored mixed culture enhanced the performance of the plants to decrease the organics and metals from the water. The composition of the root endophytic community changed in response to increased levels of contaminants while the inoculated bacteria did not modify the community structure. Our results indicate that the synergistic relationships between endophytes and the macrophyte enhance plants’ performance and may be exploited in constructed wetlands treating water with mixed contaminations. Taking into account that the concentrations of EOCs used in this study are much higher than the average contents of typical wastewaters, we can conclude that the macrophyte J. acutus with the aid of a mixed culture of tailored endophytic bacteria represents a suitable environmentally friendly alternative for treating pharmaceuticals and metals.
Modeling, design and experimental validation of a small-sized magnetic gear

A magnetostatic analytical model is created to analyze and design a small-sized magnetic gear for a robotic application. Through a parameter variation study, it is found that the inner rotor magnet height is highly influential to the torque, and based on which, the design is performed. Several magnetic gears with different rotor pole pair combinations are designed to suffice the required gear ratio, taking into account manufacturing constraints of such a small device. A design is chosen to be manufactured considering the following criteria: material cost, cogging torque level and rotational stiffness. Measurement and 3D FEM simulation results indicate that discrepancies between the expected and measured torque as well as efficiency arise due to axial flux leakage, which becomes severe in the presence of bearings. Meanwhile, a frequency response measurement result shows that the first resonant mode in the magnetic gear, which has implications on control, can be well estimated given the simulated values of rotational stiffness, damping, and rotor inertia and thus could actually be anticipated early in the design phase.
The 12E7 red cell quantitative polymorphism: control by the Y‐borne locus, Yg

Family and sibship analyses prove that the 12E7 quantitative polymorphism of red cells is controlled by a Y‐borne locus, Yg, in addition to the X‐borne locus, Xg. X‐Y recombination is invoked to explain the apparent exception to Y‐borne control of the 12E7 polymorphism in one family.
QSkycube: Efficient Skycube Computation using Point-Based Space Partitioning

Skyline queries have gained considerable attention for multi-criteria analysis of large-scale datasets. However, the skyline queries are known to return too many results for high-dimensional data. To address this problem, a skycube is introduced to efficiently provide users with multiple skylines with different strengths. For efficient skycube construction, state-of-the-art algorithms amortized redundant computation among subspace skylines, or cuboids, either (1) in a bottom-up fashion with the principle of sharing result or (2) in a top-down fashion with the principle of sharing structure. However, we observed further room for optimization in both principles. This paper thus aims to design a more efficient skycube algorithm that shares multiple cuboids using more effective structures. Specifically, we first develop each principle by leveraging multiple parents and a skytree, representing recursive point-based space partitioning. We then design an efficient algorithm exploiting these principles. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm is significantly faster than state-of-the-art skycube algorithms in extensive datasets.
Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness

This paper reviews the foundation for a role of the human anterior insular cortex (AIC) in emotional awareness, defined as the conscious experience of emotions. We first introduce the neuroanatomical features of AIC and existing findings on emotional awareness. Using empathy, the awareness and understanding of other people's emotional states, as a test case, we then present evidence to demonstrate: 1) AIC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are commonly coactivated as revealed by a meta‐analysis, 2) AIC is functionally dissociable from ACC, 3) AIC integrates stimulus‐driven and top‐down information, and 4) AIC is necessary for emotional awareness. We propose a model in which AIC serves two major functions: integrating bottom‐up interoceptive signals with top‐down predictions to generate a current awareness state and providing descending predictions to visceral systems that provide a point of reference for autonomic reflexes. We argue that AIC is critical and necessary for emotional awareness. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3371‐3388, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CHIANTI—An Atomic Database for Emission Lines. VI. Proton Rates and Other Improvements

The CHIANTI atomic database contains atomic energy levels, wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, and electron excitation data for a large number of ions of astrophysical interest. Version 4 has been released, and proton excitation data are now included, principally for ground configuration levels that are close in energy. The fitting procedure for excitation data, both electrons and protons, has been extended to allow nine-point spline fits in addition to the previous five-point spline fits. This allows higher quality fits to data from close-coupling calculations where resonances can lead to significant structure in the Maxwellian-averaged collision strengths. The effects of photoexcitation and stimulated emission by a blackbody radiation field in a spherical geometry on the level balance equations of the CHIANTI ions can now be studied following modifications to the CHIANTI software. With the addition of H I, He I, and N I, the first neutral species have been added to CHIANTI. Many updates to existing ion data sets are described, while several new ions have been added to the database, including Ar IV, Fe VI, and Ni XXI. The two-photon continuum is now included in the spectral synthesis routines, and a new code for calculating the relativistic free-free continuum has been added. The treatment of the free-bound continuum has also been updated.
The potential of GaAsBiN for multi-junction solar cells

The use of multiple connected absorbing junctions (MJ-solar cells) is currently the best approach to maximize the efficiency of solar cells. Increasing the number of junctions leads to a larger theoretical efficiency. To achieve this requires the development of materials appropriate band gaps, which can be grown to a sufficient thickness to absorb light while current matched to other junctions and at the same time minimizing strain and defect generation by lattice matching. We report on modelling of the quaternary alloy GaAsBiN which has the potential to cover a wide range of band gaps below 1.42eV. In addition, this material can also be grown completely lattice matched onto GaAs or Ge with controllable band offsets which makes it very attractive for solar cell applications.
Impact of the quality of coronal restoration and root canal filling on the periapical health in adult syrian subpopulation

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of periapical tissues of endodontically treated teeth according to coronal restorations and root canal fillings separately and in concomitant in adult Syrian subpopulation. Methods: 784 endodontically treated teeth from two hundred randomly selected Syrian adult patients were radiographically evaluated . According to predetermined criteria, the quality of coronal restorations and root canal filling of each tooth was scored as adequate or inadequate. The status of periapical tissues was also classified as healthy or diseased. Results were analyzed using Chi-squared test. Results: Adequate coronal restorations were determined in 58.54% of cases which was accompanied with less periapical pathosis than that in teeth with inadequate restorations (P < 0.01). 14% of teeth were restored by posts which showed no significant impact on the periapical tissues health. 18.5% of endodontic treatments were evaluated as adequate with less number of periapical radiolucencies than that of inadequate root canal fillings (P < 0.01). Absence of periapical pathosis was 96.6% in cases with both adequate coronal restorations and root canals fillings. The rate was 88.5% in cases with only adequate root canals fillings, and about 70% in cases with only adequate coronal restorations. When the treatment was inadequate in both coronal and root canals fillings, success rate was only observed in 48.8%. Conclusion: The most important factor with regard to the periradicular tissue health is the quality of root canal filling without neglecting the influence of coronal restoration (regardless of its type). There is a high prevalence rate of periapical pathosis in Syrian subpopulation due to poor dental practice.