Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of multiple hotel brand extensions

The purpose of this study is to develop and test a theoretical model explaining the effects of previous hotel brand extensions on customer attitudes toward new extensions, customer perceptions of core brand reputation, and loyalty. An online survey was conducted to collect data. A total of 511 responses were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results revealed that for a hotel brand that has launched more than one extension, the performance of any previous hotel brand extensions had positive effects on a new hotel brand extension as well as the core brand. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge on brand extension, especially in hotel context. More detail findings and implication are provided in the manuscript.
Trade Liberalization and Carbon Leakage

This paper examines the effect of trade liberalization on carbon leakage. We present quantitative estimates of carbon leakage under the Kyoto Protocol with and without freer trade by means of import tariff reductions agreed to in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations. We find that under a plausible range of assumptions, the implementation of these import tariff reductions increases the overall rate of leakage, suggesting that previous studies may structurally have underestimated the rate of carbon leakage under the Kyoto Protocol. But we also find that the costs of abating the trade-induced leakage are modest relative to the welfare gains of freer trade. Analysis of the trade-induced carbon leakage shows large differences between leakage caused by reductions of import tariffs on energy goods and by reductions of import tariffs on non-energy goods. It also shows large differences in emission responses among developing country regions.
Evidence on PPP from a cointegration test with multiple structural breaks

Despite a plethora of studies on purchasing power parity (PPP), those that take a cointegration approach have found mixed evidence on PPP. The goal of this article is to obviate existing tensions in the PPP literature by using a simple test for cointegration between nominal exchange rate and relative prices that accounts for multiple structural breaks. We find that for 14 out of 15 OECD countries, there is evidence of a cointegration relationship between nominal exchange rate and relative prices at the 5% level. Only for Japan, we find evidence for cointegration at the 2.5% level. These results suggest overwhelming evidence of support for PPP for the OECD countries.
The Long Term Performance of Acquiring Firms: A Re-Examination of an Anomaly

In this paper, we investigate the long-term stock return performance of Canadian acquiring firms in the post-event period by using 1300 M&A events in the 1993-2002 period. We use both event-time and calendar-time approaches and conduct robustness tests for benchmarks, methodological choices, statistical techniques and other related factors such as payment methods. We also assess the role of governance variables. Contrary to stylized facts reported in US studies, neither do we find negative abnormal long-term abnormal stock market returns once we account for methodological discrepancies nor do we find negative long-term operating performance in the post-acquisition periods for the acquirer following an acquisition event. We also find that the Canadian market reacts positively to acquisition announcements but corrects for this reaction within a short period of time. Overall we find that Canadian acquisitions do not show value destruction or overpayment.
Stocks of Admired and Spurned Companies

Do stocks of admired companies yield admirable returns? Are increases in admiration followed by high stock returns, and how reliable is the relation between admiration and returns? These questions are answered by Anginer and Statman based on their study of Fortune magazine’s annual list “America’s Most Admired Companies. ” They find that from April 1983 through December 2007 stocks of admired companies had lower returns, on average, than stocks of spurned companies and that increases in admiration were followed, on average, by lower returns. The authors also find that the dispersion of returns is high, especially in the portfolio of spurned company stocks, implying that investors who would like to benefit from the return advantage of spurned company stocks must diversify widely among them.
Transformational leadership, trusting climate, and knowledge-exchange behaviors in Taiwan

This study follows the leadership literature in proposing that leadership behaviors can affect followers' attitudes and actions. Specifically, we propose that transformational leaders may nurture a trusting climate among organizational members and, in turn, promote employee knowledge-exchange behaviors. Surveying data from multiple respondents, we find that a trusting climate mediates the positive relationship between transformational leadership and employee knowledge-exchange behaviors among R&D workers in 122 Taiwanese enterprises. We then discuss the significance of our findings and the possible contribution to the literature of leadership and organizational climate.
Incentives and Risk Taking in Hedge Funds

This paper presents a theoretical study of how incentives affect hedge fund risk and returns and an empirical study of the performance of a large group of operating hedge funds. Most hedge fund managers receive a flat fee plus a share of the returns above a certain benchmark. We investigate how these features of hedge fund fees affect risk taking by the fund manager in the behavioural framework of prospect theory. The performance related component encourages funds managers to take excessive risk. However, risk taking is greatly reduced if a substantial amount of the manager's own money (at least 30%) is in the fund as well. The empirical results indicate that returns of hedge funds with incentive fees are not significantly more risky than the returns of funds without such a compensation contract. Average returns though, both absolute and risk-adjusted, are significantly lower in the presence of incentive fees. Part of this is the actual fee itself. Fund of hedge funds with higher fees earn higher net returns on average.
A Reappraisal of the Incidence of Employer Contributions to Social Security in Japan

This paper reappraises Tachibanaki and Yokoyama (2008) -an empirical analysis that indicates no apparent backward shifting of employer social insurance contributions- by modifying their empirical strategy. First, we attempt to control for a spurious positive correlation between wages and employer's contribution rates by trend variables. Second, we exclude two industries from our sample that have small numbers of workers and establishments to remove sampling errors in wages. Our results imply that the social insurance burden shifts back on to employees to a certain extent, contrary to Tachibanaki and Yokoyama (2008). Our finding is consistent with other existing studies. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Examining the longitudinal impact of assets and income on immigrant health behaviors

of the Dissertation . ii Acknowledgment . iii Dedication . iv List of Tables . vii CHAPTER 1 . 1 Research Problem . 1 Study aims and significance . 4 CHAPTER 2 . 7 State of the Literature. 7 Immigrants and health . 9 Access to health care . 9 Life style changes . 11 Immigrants and wealth . 20 CHAPTER 3 . 27 Health and Wealth Theories . 27 The behavioral model of health services utilization for vulnerable popula tions. 27 Assets effect model . 29 Acculturation models . 30 Study questions . 31 CHAPTER 4 . 33 Methodology . 33 Variable operationalization . 34 Outcome variables . 34 Independent variables . 36 Control variables . 37 The structure of PSID . 40 Subsetting data . 42 Running Head: IMMIGRANT HEALTH BEHAVIORS vi Missing data . 43 Imputation . 43 Data analysis . 45 CHAPTER 5 . 47 Results . 47 Immigration information at baseline . 47 Univariate Analysis of imputed data (1997-2005) . 50 Bivariate Analysis (1999 and 2005) . 56 Longitudinal analysis . 64 CHAPTER 6 . 88 Discussion . 88 Describing the PSID immigration sample . 90 Wealth and health behaviors . 96 Human capital and health behaviors . 97 Health insurance and health behaviors . 101 Culture and health . 102 CHAPTER 7 . 108 Study Implications . 108 Implications for practice . 108 Implications for policy . 113 Implications for research . 114 Limitations . 116 Conclusion . 117 Appendix . 120 Running Head: IMMIGRANT HEALTH BEHAVIORS vii List of Tables Table 1: Univariate analysis—variable description by year (1997-2005) . 50 Table 2: Bivariate analysis—association between light physical activit y and study variables (1999 and 2005) . 56 Table 3: Bivariate analysis—association between vigorous physical activi ty and study variables (1999 and 2005) . 58 Table 4: Bivariate analysis—association between cigarette smoking and st udy variables (1999 and 2005) . 60 Table 5: Bivariate analysis—association between alcohol consumption and study variables (1999& 2005) . 62 Table 6: Bivariate conclusions . 63 Table 7: Longitudinal model predicting the relationship between income and light physical activity . 64 Table 8: Longitudinal model predicting the relationship between income and vigorous physical activity . 67 Table 9: Longitudinal model predicting the relationship between income and alcohol consumption . 69 Table 10: Longitudinal model predicting the relationship between income and cigare tte smoking . 71 Table 11: Longitudinal model predicting the relationship between assets and light physical activity . 73 Table 12: Longitudinal model predicting the relationship between assets and vigorous physical activity . 75 Running Head: IMMIGRANT HEALTH BEHAVIORS viii Table 13: Longitudinal model predicting the relationship between assets and alcohol consumption . 76 Table 14: Longitudinal model predicting the relationship between assets and cigar ette smoking .
Deterrence: A Conceptual Analysis

Newly revised in the light of the renewed debate of the last five years, this second edition of Patrick Morgan's book is a comprehensive review of the logic and the practice of deterrence. Morgan highlights the difficulties involved in immediate deterrence, the use of threat to deter in a specific, immediate situation. He then explores the irrationality of the strategic options that general nuclear deterrence offers. He shows how differences in theories of how decisions are made alter views of how deterrence works -- and how an opponent will respond to threat. Finally, he considers a way of reducing our dependence on a policy that relies on the threat of nuclear weapons. Reviews of the first edition: 'This is a fine book. (an) excellent review of both the deterrence and decision-making literature. ' -- Perspective, 1978 'This is a stimulating work, and will be of immense value to students seeking to sort out their own ideas in this crucial area of strategic theory. ' -- International Affairs, July 1978
Magnetic resonance imaging of knee osteonecrosis : a study of 19 cases *

OBJECTIVE: To describe epidemiological, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of osteonecrosis in the distal femur and proximal tibia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Evaluation of 19 patients (12 women and 7 men), with no previous history of causative factors, with magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of osteonecrosis in the tibial plateau or femoral condyle. RESULTS: Osteochondral abnormalities were observed in 63.1% of the cases; in 73.6% of them, such abnormality was associated with ipsilateral meniscal lesion. Also, a significant association with bone marrow edema (grade III in 16 cases) was observed. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated to be a noninvasive method with good sensitivity in the diagnosis of knee osteonecrosis as well as of associated lesions which are most frequently found in women (63% of cases).
Predicting the Future Using Delphi

Background The Delphi technique was developed by a research group at the Rand Corporation in the 1950s. Its main aim was to achieve consensus whilst stifling the effect of those who, regardless of position, could be expected to influence planning decisions. Delphi is used to deal with uncertainty in an area of imperfect knowledge. As there are no “correct” answers, a consensus of opinion is an acceptable second choice.
Who Makes the Rules of Globalization?

In this paper I argue that profit maximizing firms, even though they contribute to social welfare when they compete in the market, may not do so when they influence the political process. In particular, I suggest, through several examples from both the real world and from economic theory, that corporations have played a significant role in the formulation of the rules of the international trading system. They did this in the formation of the WTO, where they were responsible for the expansion to cover both intellectual property and services. And they do this in preferential trading arrangements such as the NAFTA, where they inserted the notorious Chapter 11 and specified rules of origin for automotive products. All of this is quite consistent with economic theory, including the literature on the political economy of trade policy. I also use a simple duopoly model to illustrate a domestic firm’s interest in setting rules of origin. The corporate influence on rules need not be bad, but there is no reason why it should be good either, as these examples illustrate.
Value relevance of human capital information

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate if human capital information voluntarily provided by German companies is value‐relevant.Design/methodology/approach – By means of word‐based content analysis, human capital information is extracted from German companies’ annual reports. Subsequently, the value relevance of the disclosed human capital information is analyzed by applying two established valuation models.Findings – The results show that human capital information is value‐relevant. Especially, information on qualification and competence issues is positively associated with firm value. Nonetheless, the disclosed information does not lead to short‐term changes in market value. Consequently, human capital information is value‐relevant but not immediately.Practical implications – First, companies can improve their valuation on the capital market by disclosing information on their human capital. Second, standard setters can use this paper's results in defining relevant information categories fo.
Identifying vision realization factors at a Thai state enterprise

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate vision-based leadership effects on follower satisfaction in a Thai state enterprise. Design/methodology/approach - Extending previous research, the present study examines relationships between vision realization factors and employee satisfaction. Derived from the literature, these vision realization factors are vision communication, motivation, and empowerment of employees. In total, five directional hypotheses are developed and tested accordingly through a series of regression analyses. Findings - Findings indicate that vision communication, motivation, and empowerment of employees are directly predictive of enhanced employee satisfaction at the Thai state enterprise. Practical implications - To enhance employee satisfaction, supervisors of all levels at the Thai state enterprise should focus on frequently communicating their vision to their direct subordinates, particularly through written and technology-mediated channels. The supervisors should also delegate work to their subordinates, provide resources and support services to them, and encourage them to make more decisions regarding daily operations. The supervisors should additionally act as a role model for their subordinates, build subordinates' self-confidence, create challenges for them, and reward subordinates who act consistently with their vision. Originality/value - Although leaders are widely exhorted to espouse vision and vision-based leadership was empirically endorsed in the Thai culture, vision-based leadership and its effects have been little investigated in the Thai state enterprise sector. This paper contributes to this area.
Can organic and resource-conserving agriculture improve livelihoods? A synthesis

Organic and resource-conserving agriculture (ORCA) initiatives have been common in the tropics for several decades, but surprisingly few data are available on their performance. This synthesis examined 31 documented cases of African and Latin American farmers converting from conventional or organic-by-default systems to ORCA that assessed their impact on livelihoods. Yield improved in 19 of the 25 cases that reported on it, food security improved in seven of eight cases, and net income improved in 19 of 23 cases. However, it is not possible to generalize from these results due to the small sample, selection bias and inconsistent methods and definitions across the cases. The systems from which farmers converted (conventional or organic-by-default) and the degree of market orientation strongly influenced the gain in incomes. Successful ORCA initiatives do not occur spontaneously, but rather require a variety of skills from smallholders and their allies. These skills include adaptive farm management, effective producer organizations, entrepreneurship, capacity to innovate, value addition and boundary spanning. The challenge of acquiring these enabling skills is simultaneously one of ORCA's strengths, as they help smallholders to navigate changing environmental and market conditions.
Staggered Boards and Shareholder Value: A Reply to Amihud and Stoyanov

In a paper published in the JFE in 2013, we provided evidence that market participants perceive staggered boards to be on average value-reducing. In a recent response paper, Amihud and Stoyanov (2015) “contest” our results. They advocate using alternative methods for estimating risk-adjusted returns and excluding some observations from our sample. Amihud and Stoyanov claim that making such changes renders our results not significant (though retaining their direction) and conclude that staggered boards have no significant effect on firm value. This paper examines and replies to the Amihud-Stoyanov challenge. We question their methodological claims, study the consequences of following their suggestions, and conduct additional robustness tests. Our analysis shows that the evidence is overall consistent with the results and conclusions of our JFE paper.
DEFERRED TAX POSITIONS AND INCENTIVES FOR CORPORATE BEHAVIOR AROUND CORPORATE TAX CHANGES

A firm's deferred tax position can influence how it is affected by a transition from one tax regime to another. We compile disaggregated deferred tax position data for a sample of large U.S. firms between 1993 and 2004 to explore how these positions might affect firm behavior before and after a pre-announced change in the statutory corporate tax rate. Our results suggest that the heterogeneous deferred tax positions of large U.S. corporations create substantial variation in the short-run effects of tax rate changes on reported earnings. Recognizing these divergent incentives is important for understanding the political economy of corporate tax reform.
Soil nitrate nitrogen dynamics after biosolids application in a tobosagrass desert grassland.

Dormant-season application of biosolids increases desert grass production more than growing season application in the first growing season after application. Differential patterns of NO3-N (plant available N) release following seasonal biosolids application may explain this response. Experiments were conducted to determine soil nitrate nitrogen dynamics following application of biosolids during two seasons in a tobosagrass [Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth. ] Chihuahuan Desert grassland. Biosolids were applied either in the dormant (early April) or growing (early July) season at 0, 18, or 34 dry Mg ha(-1). A polyester-nylon mulch was also applied to serve as a control that approximated the same physical effects on the soil surface as the biosolids but without any chemical effects. Supplemental irrigation was applied to half of the plots. Soil NO3-N was measured at two depths (0-5 and 5-15 cm) underneath biosolids (or mulch) and in interspace positions relative to surface location of biosolids (or mulch). Dormant-season biosolids application significantly increased soil NO3-N during the first growing season, and also increased soil NO3-N throughout the first growing season compared to growing-season biosolids application in a year of higher-than-average spring precipitation. In a year of lower-than-average spring precipitation, season of application did not affect soil NO3-N. Soil NO3-N was higher at both biosolids rates for both seasons of application than in the control treatment. Biosolids increased soil NO3-N compared to the inert mulch. Irrigation did not significantly affect soil NO3-N. Soil NO3-N was not significantly different underneath biosolids and in interspace positions. Surface soil NO3-N was higher during the first year of biosolids application, and subsurface soil NO3-N increased during the second year. Results showed that biosolids rate and season of application affected soil NO3-N measured during the growing season. Under dry spring-normal summer precipitation conditions, season of application did not affect soil NO3-N; in contrast, dormant season application increased soil NO3-N more than growing season application under wet spring-dry summer conditions.
E-service quality: an internal, multichannel and pure service perspective

This article contributes to the emerging e-service quality literature by adopting a different approach to the dominant focus in previous research. The work centres on the internal perspective of organisation, studies the pure service sector and subjects the personal sales channel and the Internet channel to joint examination. A new conceptual framework is proposed via an adaptation of the service pyramid model [Parasuraman, A. (1996). Understanding and leveraging the role of customer service in external interactive and internal marketing. Paper presented at the 1996 Frontiers in Services Conference, Nashville, TN], and employee-orientated internal marketing and technology-orientated internal marketing are analysed as integrated drivers of commercial performance, within the context of retail banking in Spain. The results suggest that both marketing activities constitute part of a coherent strategy that is geared towards making and meeting service promises, within a multichannel perspective, and is associated with high commercial performance.
Financial contagion in developed sovereign bond markets

This paper implements a simultaneous equations model to test for international financial contagion among developed sovereign credit markets between May 1, 2000 and September 1, 2010. Two alternative measures are proposed that identify credit crises in the tails of bond yield distributions, which are derived from Extreme Value Theory and Value-at-Risk analysis. The findings show that the large-scale fluctuations in long term sovereign bond yields observed during episodes of financial distress signal a structural shift in cross-market linkages with respect to tranquil periods. All analyzed countries are vulnerable to shift-contagion and the estimated contagion effects are robust across the different measures of credit crises. The empirical results convey the policy implication that a new sovereign debt management mechanism ought to incorporate the risk of financial contagion, as it carries adverse effects on the overall financing constraints in the economy.