Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The south polar terrain ( SPT ) of Saturn ’ s moon Enceladus is a mysteriously active region

[1] The south polar terrain (SPT) of Saturn’s moon Enceladus is a mysteriously active region that exhibits intriguing tectonic signatures and widespread fracturing. The central region of the nearly-circular SPT is depressed into the surface by a few hundred meters and bounded by a ring of cliffs roughly 1 km high. In this study, we investigate whether this depression and surrounding mountainous uplift is consistent with the morphology of terrestrial rift basins and the possibility that the SPT could have formed during a tectonic event analogous to those of such rift basins on Earth. Using three mechanical models of basin formation, we compare our predicted topography of the SPT with observed topography of the region. The first of three models we consider assumes crustal stretching by factor b, and predicts a basin depth of roughly 600 m, closely matching previously published estimates of the depth at the SPT. Models of extension and compression, assuming an elastic response in the ice crust, predict best-fit mountain uplift of roughly 1820 m and 1130 m, respectively. Our preferred model suggests that the icy shell in the SPT has been stretched, but the extension is (partially) balanced by compression along the edges of the basin leading to the uplift of the mountains along the boundary, thereby implying that the SPT may have a tectonic origin analogous to that of a terrestrial basin.
Jealousy in South-Italian Married Couples

The author analyzed associations of jealousy with demographic variables for 144 South-Italians. Hansen's hypothetical jealousy-producing events, modified into a bivalent form, were submitted to both partners of 72 married couples. High jealousy of couples having no children and living in the country was noted. Men were more jealous than women. Involvement with hobbies and weekly meetings with friends produced less jealousy than friendship with the opposite sex. No differences resulted between subjects of differing ages and lengths of marriage
Trends in Incidence and Prevalence of Balkan Endemic Nephropathy in the Three Most Affected Villages in Serbia Over a 36-Year Period

The study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate trends in incidence and prevalence of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) in the villages Šopić, Petka, and Vreoci, Lazarevac municipality, Serbia. Data concerning BEN notifications in the population-based registry of the Special Hospital for Endemic Nephropathy, Lazarevac were used to evaluate BEN incidence rates in the three villages over the period 1973−2008. Population estimates were based on national census data. All age-adjusted incidence rates were standardized to the European standard population and trends were assessed by Poisson regression model and joinpoint analysis. The prevalence of BEN was obtained in cross-sectional studies carried out in the villages Šopić (1971 and 1992), Vreoci (1971 and 2002), and Petka (1971 and 2008). The overall age-standardized incidence rates of BEN in the three villages changed over time. The significant 8.6% annual decrease in the first 16 years of the observed period was followed by a slight increase of 4.6% annually in the last two decades. The age-standardized incidence rates changed over time, being the greatest in the years when the field investigations were made. There was an insignificant change in BEN prevalence in Šopić and Vreoci and a significant decrease in prevalence in Petka. During a 36-year period, 367 new cases of BEN were registered in the three endemic villages and the overall age-standardized incidence rate varied over time. As BEN is a slow-progressing and asymptomatic chronic kidney disease, early detection of BEN can only be achieved by field examination.
ROBOT-CENTRIC ELEVATION MAPPING WITH UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES

This paper addresses the local terrain mapping process for an autonomous robot. Building upon an onboard range measurement sensor and an existing robot pose estimation, we formulate a novel elevation mapping method from a robot-centric perspective. This formulation can explicitly handle drift of the robot pose estimation which occurs for many autonomous robots. Our mapping approach fully incorporates the distance sensor measurement uncertainties and the six-dimensional pose covariance of the robot. We introduce a computationally efficient formulation of the map fusion process, which allows for mapping a terrain at high update rates. Finally, our approach is demonstrated on a quadrupedal robot walking over obstacles.
Matriglycan: a novel polysaccharide that links dystroglycan to the basement membrane

Associations between cells and the basement membrane are critical for a variety of biological events including cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated basement membrane receptor, and is involved in physiological processes that maintain integrity of the skeletal muscle, as well as development and function of the central nervous system. Aberrant O-glycosylation of the α subunit of this protein, and a concomitant loss of dystroglycan's ability to function as a receptor for extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands that bear laminin globular (LG) domains, occurs in several congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (also referred to as dystroglycanopathies). Recent genetic studies revealed that mutations in DAG1 (which encodes dystroglycan) and at least 17 other genes disrupt the ECM receptor function of dystroglycan and cause disease. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the enzymatic functions of two of these disease genes: the like-glycosyltransferase (LARGE) and protein O-mannose kinase (POMK, previously referred to as SGK196). In addition, we discuss the structure of the glycan that directly binds the ECM ligands and the mechanisms by which this functional motif is linked to dystroglycan. In light of the fact that dystroglycan functions as a matrix receptor and the polysaccharide synthesized by LARGE is the binding motif for matrix proteins, we propose to name this novel polysaccharide structure matriglycan.
Child?s Play: How to creatively promote learning for children with ASD

Play is the occupation of children, as they learn about the world around them. In the early formative years, the development of play is critical to skill acquisition across the domains: cognitive, physical, social-emotional, adaptive, and communicative. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often struggle to develop play skills or may engage in the same type of play without variety or advancement. Early childhood is an ideal time to encourage the development of play, but any time is the right time to address play with children with ASD. This presentation will provide an overview and brief description of an ASD, and then discuss how play can be incorporated into the everyday routines of children with ASD to foster the development of existing play and encourage novel play.
Differential expression of duplicated VAL‐opsin genes in the developing zebrafish

Non‐visual opsins mediate various light‐dependent physiological events. Our previous search for non‐visual opsin genes in zebrafish led to the discovery of VAL‐opsin (VAL‐opsinA) in deep brain cells and retinal horizontal cells of the adult fish. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of its duplicated gene, VAL‐opsinB, in zebrafish. A molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that VAL‐opsinB is orthologous to a previously reported salmon gene and that the duplication of the VAL‐opsin gene occurred in the teleost lineage. The recombinant protein of zebrafish VAL‐opsinB forms a green‐sensitive photopigment when reconstituted with 11‐cis‐retinal. VAL‐opsinB expression was detected in a limited number of cells of the brain and the eye, and the expression pattern is distinct from that of the VAL‐opsinA gene. Such a differential expression pattern suggests that VAL‐opsinA and VAL‐opsinB are involved in different physiological events in zebrafish.
Dissolved carbon controls the initial stages of nanocarbon growth.

Carbon is a versatile material that, depending on its hybrid-ization and assembly in one-, two-, or three-dimensionalnetworks, exhibits important electronic and chemical proper-ties with countless practical applications. For example, it isfound in printer inks, pencils, water purification systems,thermal isolation, and antistatic materials.
Are We Aligned…Enough? The Effects of Perceptual Congruence Between Service Teams and Their Leaders on Team Performance

Despite the widely acknowledged importance of concerted efforts between service teams and their leaders for increasing service quality, little is known about how and why congruent or divergent perceptions at the team-leader interface affect team performance. Drawing on theories from the field of sociocognitive psychology and from extant team literature, this study develops a research model that investigates crucial effect mechanisms of perceptual congruence between service teams and their leaders on team performance. Perceptual congruence is operationalized by examining agreement between teams and their leaders on three key team factors: service leadership, service commitment, and service systems. Analyzing leader, member, and customer survey responses from a large sample of service teams, we demonstrate that perceptual congruence between service teams and their leaders can, in and of itself, have an impact on team performance. Moreover, our results reveal the relevance of nonlinear effect mechanisms arising from perceptual congruence. These patterns illustrate the pervasive and intricate effects of perceptual congruence on team performance, highlighting the importance of developing awareness of the alignment of perceptions in the relationship between service teams and their leaders. Managers striving to encourage particular behaviors can use our results to direct customer-contact service teams more effectively.
Climate Change, Health, and Vulnerability in Canadian Northern Aboriginal Communities

Background Canada has recognized that Aboriginal and northern communities in the country face unique challenges and that there is a need to expand the assessment of vulnerabilities to climate change to include these communities. Evidence suggests that Canada’s North is already experiencing significant changes in its climate—changes that are having negative impacts on the lives of Aboriginal people living in these regions. Research on climate change and health impacts in northern Canada thus far has brought together Aboriginal community members, government representatives, and researchers and is charting new territory. Methods and Results In this article we review experiences from two projects that have taken a community-based dialogue approach to identifying and assessing the effects of and vulnerability to climate change and the impact on the health in two Inuit regions of the Canadian Arctic. Conclusions The results of the two case projects that we present argue for a multi-stakeholder, participatory framework for assessment that supports the necessary analysis, understanding, and enhancement of capabilities of local areas to respond and adapt to the health impacts at the local level.
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on subjective well-being of patients with chronic tension-type headache

Background: The most common type of headache is the tension headache that caused a sharp drop in the daily operation. Because drug therapy alone in the treatment of these patients is not good enough, so this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on subjective well-being of patients with chronic tension headaches were women. Methods: Among all patients with chronic tension headaches, which were referred to the hospital Millad Tehran, 32 people volunteered sampling and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The intervention consisted of 10 weekly sessions (1.5-hour sessions), cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment group, while the control group received routine medical care. For data collection tool life satisfaction and positive and negative affect were used. Results were analyzed by covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The life satisfaction and positive affect were significantly increased in the experimental group. The negative sentiment also significantly reduced in the groups (p <0.05).
Optimal stimulation duration of tens in the management of osteoarthritic knee pain.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the optimal stimulation duration of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for relieving osteoarthritic knee pain and the duration (as measured by half-life) of post-stimulation analgesia. SUBJECTS Thirty-eight patients received either: (i) 20 minutes (TENS20); (ii) 40 minutes (TENS40); (iii) 60 minutes (TENS60) of TENS; or (iv) 60 minutes of placebo TENS (TENS(PL)) 5 days a week for 2 weeks. METHODS A visual analogue scale recorded the magnitude and pain relief period for up to 10 hours after stimulation. RESULTS By Day10, a significantly greater cumulative reduction in the visual analogue scale scores was found in the TENS40 (83.40%) and TENS60 (68.37%) groups than in the TENS20 (54.59%) and TENS(PL) (6.14%) groups (p < 0.000), such a group difference was maintained in the 2-week follow-up session (p < 0.000). In terms of the duration of post-stimulation analgesia period, the duration for the TENS40 (256 minutes) and TENS60 (258 minutes) groups was more prolonged than in the other 2 groups (TENS20 = 168 minutes, TENS(PL) = 35 minutes) by Day10 (p < 0.000). However, the TENS40 group produced the longest pain relief period by the follow-up session. CONCLUSION 40 minutes is the optimal treatment duration of TENS, in terms of both the magnitude (VAS scores) of pain reduction and the duration of post-stimulation analgesia for knee osetoarthritis.
Extracellular DNA Plays an Important Structural Role in the Biofilm of the Plastic Degrading Actinomycete Rhodo-coccus ruber

Biofilms, the preferred bacterial mode of living and survival, are employed by most microorganisms—which tend to attach to surfaces—to gain physical support, increase nutrient utilization and availability, and augment their resistance against anti-bacterial agents. Rhodococcus ruber (C208) has been shown to form a dense biofilm on polyethylene surfaces while degrading them. Bacterial biofilms comprise bacterial cells embedded in self-secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) whose main components are polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. Revealing the roles of these components will enable further insight into biofilm development and, therefore, the EPS structure-function relationship. The current study focuses on contribution of extracellular DNA to biofilm formation and stability. This was approached by investigating the influence of nucleases on biofilm formation via degradation of their corresponding substrates within the biofilm of C208. RNase application to cultures of C208 decreased biofilm formation. Degradation of biofilm DNA by DNase reduced early-stage biofilm formation by 20% -25% but had no significant effect on established, mature biofilm. Likewise, the addition of DNA to cultures significantly enhanced early-stage biofilm formation by 50% -100%. RAPD-PCR analysis revealed different band patterns from intra-cellular DNA and extra-cellular DNA and also between the supernatant and biofilm fractions of extra-cellular DNA, indicating that perhaps only certain DNA molecules are utilized as part of the biofilm.
God and Mammon: The Modern Relationship

Abstract: Lately, the field of business ethics has begun to take an intense interest in the relationship between religion and business ethics. Various books and articles are being produced at an increasing rate using theoretical and qualitative research methods. However, to date, almost no data exist quantifying relationships between religion and business ethics. This paper begins to provide such data by testing the relationships between religious upbringing, religious practice, Christian beliefs, and attitudes toward corporate social responsibility. Analysis of our sample demonstrates that religious practice and Christian beliefs have a weak relationship to attitudes toward corporate social responsibility.
Louis Working Paper Series The Relation between Time-Series and Cross-Sectional Effects of Idiosyncratic Variance on Stock Returns in G 7 Countries

This paper suggests that CAPM-based idiosyncratic variance (IV) correlates negatively with future stock returns because it is a proxy for loadings on discount-rate shocks in Campbell’s (1993) ICAPM. The ICAPM also implies that there are important links between the time-series and cross-sectional IV effects. For example, the coefficients on conditional stock market variance and value-weighted average IV obtained from the time-series regressions reflect loadings on stock market returns and discount-rate shocks, respectively; therefore, they should help explain the cross section of stock returns. Moreover, we expect a close relation between the IV and book-to-market effects because recent studies show that the latter also reflects intertemporal pricing. These conjectures are strongly supported by the G7 countries’ data.
Latitudinal Variation in the Prevalence and Intensity of Chytrid (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) Infection in Eastern Australia

Abstract: Chytridiomycosis is a recently emerged, infectious skin disease of amphibians that has been linked directly to mass mortalities, population declines, and species extinctions worldwide. An understanding of the factors that limit the distribution and abundance of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (the etiological agent of chytridiomycosis) is urgently required. We conducted disease surveys at 31 lowland sites distributed north–south along 2315 km of the Australian east coast that encompassed 20.8 degrees of latitude. A total of 863 adult male stony creek frogs (Litoria lesueuri complex) were sampled, and the overall prevalence of B. dendrobatidis infection was 26%. B. dendrobatidis was detected at 77% of the sites, including sites at the northern and southern limits of the latitudinal transect. Frogs from temperate regions, however, had significantly more intense infections than did their tropical counterparts, often carrying an order of magnitude more B. dendrobatidis zoospores, suggesting that at low elevations, temperate frogs are at higher risk of chytridiomycosis‐induced mortality than are tropical frogs. The prevalence and intensity of B. dendrobatidis infections were significantly greater at sites with high rainfall (>33 mm in the 30 days prior to sampling) and cool temperatures (stream temperature 1 h after sunset < 23° C). Although climatic variables explained much of the variation in the prevalence and intensity of B. dendrobatidis infections between infected and uninfected sites, frog snout‐vent length was consistently the best predictor of infection levels across infected sites. Small frogs were more likely to be infected and carried more intense infections than larger frogs, suggesting either that frogs can outgrow their chytrid infections or that the disease induces developmental stress that limits growth. Our results will directly assist amphibian disease researchers and wildlife managers, whose conservation efforts should focus on those amphibian populations living within the B. dendrobatidis climatic envelope that we have described.
Diffusion tensor MRI correlates with executive dysfunction in patients with ischaemic leukoaraiosis

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease is a common cause of vascular dementia. Both discrete lacunar infarcts and more diffuse ischaemic changes, seen as confluent high signal (leukoaraiosis) on T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), occur. However, there is a weak correlation between T2 lesion load and cognitive impairment. Diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) is a new technique that may provide a better index of white matter damage. Objectives: To determine whether DTI measures are correlated more strongly with cognitive performance than lesion load on T2 weighted images, and whether these correlations are independent of conventional MRI parameters. Methods: 36 patients with ischaemic leukoaraiosis (leukoaraiosis plus a previous lacunar stroke) and 19 healthy volunteers underwent DTI, conventional MRI, and neuropsychological assessment. Results: On DTI, diffusivity was increased both within lesions and in normal appearing white matter. Mean diffusivity of normal appearing white matter correlated with full scale IQ (r = −0.46, p = 0.009) and tests of executive function. These correlations remained significant after controlling for age, sex, brain volume, and T1/T2 lesion volumes. No significant correlation was identified between T2 lesion load and IQ or neuropsychological scores. Of conventional measures, brain volume correlated best with cognitive function. Conclusions: Diffusion tensor measurements correlate better with cognition than conventional MRI measures. They may be useful in monitoring disease progression and as a surrogate marker for treatment trials. The findings support the role of white matter damage and disruption of white matter connections in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease.
A Survey of the Views of College Students on Academic Dishonesty

The purpose of the study was to examine students' views on dishonest academic behaviours. First year students from Mkoba Teachers' College in Zimbabwe's city of Gweru (n = 152) responded to an open-ended questionnaire that was used to collect data. Knowing examination questions or assignment answers in advance was rated as the worst dishonest academic behaviour engaged in at the college. Lack of preparation was put forward as the main reason why some students engage in academic cheating. Popular proposals for dealing with academic dishonesty included; encouraging students and lecturers to maintain their integrity, severely punishing perpetrators and enforcing security of examination materials. The findings have implications on how responsible authorities communicate appropriate norms to students.
Safe Visual Navigation via Deep Learning and Novelty Detection

Robots that use learned perceptual models in the real world must be able to safely handle cases where they are forced to make decisions in scenarios that are unlike any of their training examples. However, state-of-the-art deep learning methods are known to produce erratic or unsafe predictions when faced with novel inputs. Furthermore, recent ensemble, bootstrap and dropout methods for quantifying neural network uncertainty may not efficiently provide accurate uncertainty estimates when queried with inputs that are very different from their training data. Rather than unconditionally trusting the predictions of a neural network for unpredictable real-world data, we use an autoencoder to recognize when a query is novel, and revert to a safe prior behavior. With this capability, we can deploy an autonomous deep learning system in arbitrary environments, without concern for whether it has received the appropriate training. We demonstrate our method with a vision-guided robot that can leverage its deep neural network to navigate 50% faster than a safe baseline policy in familiar types of environments, while reverting to the prior behavior in novel environments so that it can safely collect additional training data and continually improve. A video illustrating our approach is available at: http://groups.csail. mit.edu/rrg/videos/safe visual navigation.