Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Triple Receptor-Negative Breast Cancers

Purpose Triple receptor-negative (TRN) breast cancer is associated with high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. The present study assessed the clinicopathologic characteristics and ultrasound (US) features of TRN breast cancers. Methods Pathological and biological data were reviewed for 558 breast cancer patients treated at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, between January 2003 and December 2009. The patients were separated into TRN breast cancer and non-TRN breast cancer groups, based on the results of immunohistochemical prognostic panels. Clinical and pathologic features were compared for the two groups. US features, including shape, orientation, margins, boundaries, echo patterns, posterior acoustic features, surrounding tissues, and microcalcifications, were determined for 41 TRN patients and 189 non-TRN controls (ER+/PR+/HER2-). Results Of 558 cases, 58 (10.4%) had the TRN phenotype. Four hundred and thirty-four cases (77.8%) were invasive ductal carcinomas. TRN cancer was significantly associated with specific characteristics of tumor size, nuclear grade, histologic grade, venous invasion, and lymphatic invasion. With respect to US features, TRN cancers were more likely to have an oval shape, a circumscribed margin, and marked hypoechogenicity. Conclusion Tumor characteristics were different between TRN and non-TRN breast cancers, although US cannot differentiate the subtype of breast cancers TRN cancer tend to show somewhat different US morphology.
The effect of the frequency dependence of PMD on the performance of optical communications systems

The authors study numerically the importance of the frequency dependence of the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) vector to the operation of optical systems and evaluate the validity of the second-order PMD approximation. They show that there is no relevant range of parameters in which the second-order PMD approximation is useful and question the validity of considering discrete high-orders of PMD.
FrontFace: facilitating communication between HMD users and outsiders using front-facing-screen HMDs

A head-mounted display (HMD) immerses users in a virtual world, but separates them from outsiders in the real world. We present FrontFace, which is a novel HMD that combines an eye-tracker with a front-facing screen, to lower the communication barrier between HMD users and outsiders. The front-facing screen reveals user attention (e.g., the users eye motions) and user presence in the virtual or real world by displaying the scene in the virtual world or a skin background respectively, enabling eye-contact interactions between the HMD user and the outsiders. FrontFace has the following benefits. Firstly, it communicates the presence of the HMD user to outsiders; secondly, it reveals the player's visual attention by introducing the HMD users originally occluded eye motions, enabling outsiders to make sense of the HMD user's reaction in the virtual world or the real world. Three interactive techniques for the outsiders to initiate communication to HMD users are proposed: they are tap-trigger, hand-gesture trigger, and voice-trigger interactions. A small focus group provided feedback.
Direct or Polite? Antecedents and Consequences of How Employees Express Voice.

Prior research on voice has focused predominantly on voicers’ perception of threats to the self, paying significantly less attention to voicers’ perception of threats to the presumed voice targets, such as to their manager. In this dissertation, I posit that voicers’ perception of threat to their manager in a voice episode influences the methods of voice. In particular, I draw from politeness theory (Brown & Levinson, 1987) to propose that voicers actively mitigate anticipated threats to their manager in a voice episode by varying the degree of directness (being explicit about desire for change) and politeness (being mannerly, courteous, and respectful). I then explain how interpersonal characteristics between voicers and their manager (in the form of psychological power and leader–member exchange) alter the voicers’ perception of how their manager interprets and reacts to voice. Results from a diary study and a situated experiment provide convergent evidence that employees are less direct and more polite when they raise an issue that is perceived as potentially threatening to their manager. Moreover, these effects are mitigated when the quality of the leader–member exchange relationship is stronger. Finally, results linking voice directness and voice politeness with managerial responses to voice show that voice directness is more strongly associated with idea endorsement, whereas voice politeness is more strongly associated with subordinate liking. Theoretical contributions and practical implications
Proteomic Analysis of Larval Midgut from the Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

The midgut is the major organ for food digestion, nutrient absorption and also a barrier for foreign substance. The 5th-instar larval stage of silkworm is very important for larval growth, development, and silk production. In the present study, we used 2-DE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to analyze the midgut proteins from the 5th-instar larvae as well as the midgut proteins under starvation condition. A total of 96 proteins were identified in this study; and among them, 69 proteins were observed in midgut for the first time. We also found that the silkworm larval midgut responded to starvation by producing a 10 kDa heat shock protein and a diapause hormone precursor.
A mechanism of leading-edge protrusion in the absence of Arp2/3 complex

In the absence of the Arp2/3 complex, fibroblast cells adopt a leading edge with filopodia-like protrusions (FLPs) and maintain an ability to move. In this study, it is proposed that formins are required for the extension of FLPs and myosin II concentrated in arc-like regions in between FLPs is required for coordinated advancement of these regions.
The Frequency and Nature of Drug Administration Error during Anaesthesia

We aimed to establish the frequency and nature of drug administration error in anaesthesia (a significant subset of error in medicine) at two hospitals. Anaesthetists were asked to return a study form anonymously for every anaesthetic, indicating whether or not a drug administration error or pre-error (defined as any incident with potential to become an error) had occurred. Further details were sought if the response was affirmative. From 10806 anaesthetics, 7794 study forms were returned, representing response rates of 80% from Hospital A and 57% from Hospital B (72% overall). The frequency (95% confidence intervals) of drug administration error, of any type, per anaesthetic was 0.0075 (0.006 to 0.009), of IV bolus errors was 0.005 (0.0035 to 0.006) and of pre-errors was 0.004 (0.003 to 0.005), with no significant difference between hospitals. Overall, one drug administration error was reported for every 133 anaesthetics. The two largest individual categories of error involved incorrect doses (20%) and substitutions (20%) with IV boluses of drug. Of the IV bolus substitutions, 69% occurred between different pharmacological classes. One patient was aware while under muscle relaxation, and two required prolonged ventilation. In addition, 47 transient physiological effects were reported, of which five required intervention. We conclude that drug administration error during anaesthesia is considerably more frequent than previously reported.
Meta-analysis of diagnostic procedures for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected patients

Sputum induction is a simple and noninvasive procedure for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-1-positive patients, although less sensitive than bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In order to obtain an overview of the diagnostic accuracy of sputum induction, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the comparative sensitivity and specificity of BAL (the “gold standard”) and sputum induction was performed. The odds ratio and related 95% confidence interval were calculated using summary receiving operating characteristic curves as well as fixed-effect and random-effect models. Based on pooled data, the negative and positive predictive values were calculated for a range of PCP prevalence using a Bayesian approach. Seven prospective studies assessed the comparative accuracy of BAL and sputum induction. On the whole, sputum induction demonstrated 55.5% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity. The sensitivity of sputum induction was significantly higher with immunofluorescence than with cytochemical staining (67.1 versus 43.1%). In settings of 25–60% prevalence of PCP, the positive and negative predictive values ranged 86–96.7 and 66.2–89.8, respectively, with immunofluorescence, and 79–94.4 and 53–83.5% with cytochemical staining. In conclusion, in a setting of low prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, sputum induction, particularly with immunostaining, appears to be adequate for clinical decision-making.
Atherosclerotic plaque burden and CK-MB enzyme elevation after coronary interventions : intravascular ultrasound study of 2256 patients.

BACKGROUND Elevation of serum creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB) after percutaneous coronary interventions has been associated with early and late mortality; however, the pathogenesis of CK-MB elevation is still unknown. We hypothesized that CK-MB elevation was related to atherosclerotic plaque burden as assessed by preintervention intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 2256 consecutive patients who underwent intervention of 2780 native coronary lesions and had complete high-quality preintervention IVUS imaging in the era before routine use of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Patients were divided into 3 groups: CK-MB within normal range (1675 patients; 2061 lesions); CK-MB elevation 1 to 5 times upper limit of normal (292 patients; 355 lesions); and CK-MB elevation > or = 5 times upper limit of normal (289 patients; 364 lesions). Qualitative angiographic lesion morphology and quantitative analysis were similar among the 3 groups. On preintervention IVUS, progressively more reference segment and lesion site plaque burden and lesion site calcium occurred in the groups with CK-MB elevation. Positive remodeling was more common in lesions with CK-MB elevation. As levels of CK-MB increased, cross-sectional narrowing (percentage plaque burden) increased, both at the reference site (mean cross-sectional narrowing values were 45.1%, <49.3%, and <52.2% for normal CK-MB, 1 to 5 times upper limit of normal, and > or =5 times upper limit of normal groups, respectively; P=0.03) and at the lesion site (81.9%, <85.4%, and <87.1%, respectively; P=0.04). Multivariate analysis indicated that de novo lesions, atheroablative technique, plaque burden at the lesion and reference segments, and final minimal lumen diameter were independent predictors of CK-MB elevation. CONCLUSIONS CK-MB elevation correlates with a greater atherosclerotic plaque burden. CK-MB elevation after intervention may be a marker of diffuse atherosclerotic disease or a consequence of catheter-based intervention in more diseased arteries or both.
Myenteric neural network activated by motilin in the stomach of Suncus murinus (house musk shrew)

Background It has been shown in human and canine studies that motilin, a gastroprokinetic hormone, induces gastric phase III contractions via the enteric nervous; however, the center of motilin action in the stomach has not been clearly revealed. In the present study, we investigated the neural pathway of motilin‐induced gastric contraction by using Suncus murinus, a new animal model for motilin study.
Digital data security and hiding on virtual reality VDO 3DGIS-Map

Todaypsilas Information Technology supports varieties of e-commerce, in particular on-demand services such as news, message, seminar and presentation speech to message, and 3D Video GIS. Each service can have value-added by embedding other hidden-service within the main service, hence promoting value-added to the service. The value-added services are accomplished by using the technique of Multiple Keys and Messages Embedding (MKME), which hidden-contents can be retrieved only by applying the correct corresponding decryption keys This paper presents the design and algorithm for multiple keys and messages embedding on 3D Video GIS, based on Steganography concept. The quality of the resulting product was also investigated. The main data used is geospatial video, which is primarily used by the elderly and disables people so that they can feel the surroundings on their desktop while sitting at home.
Combined User Pairing and Spectrum Allocation for Multiuser SC-FDMA Transmission

This paper proposes a strategy that combines user pairing and spectrum allocation for a virtual multiple-input multiple-output (V-MIMO) single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) transmission over intersymbol interference (ISI) channels. The users are equipped with a single antenna each, where always two users, composing one pair, transmit their data in the same time slot and frequency band. The receiver at the base station (BS) is assumed to have multiple antennas and separates the users of each pair with a multiuser equalizer. For this, linear minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) equalization and successive interference cancellation (SIC), respectively, are chosen. A solution for the combined optimization of user pairing and spectrum allocation is proposed and evaluated by simulations for a transmission in the uplink of E-UTRA Long Term Evolution (LTE). The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields significant gains compared to random user pairing and spectrum allocation. It is also shown that, despite its considerably lower complexity, the performance of the novel algorithm is very close to that of the optimum solution that can only be found by a very complex full search.
Moderate Hypotensive Anaesthesia for Reduction of Blood Loss During Total Hip Replacement

Thirty‐two consecutive patients scheduled for total hip replacement were randomly allocated to receive either neurolept anaesthesia or halothane anaesthesia. In the halothane group, systolic blood pressure was reduced to 10.69‐13.33 kPa in normotensive patients, and to 13.33‐16.0 kPa in hypertensive patients by adjusting the inspired halothane concentration and using supplementary fentanyl when necessary. In the neurolept group, no attempt was made to reduce blood pressure below the level achieved with adequate anaesthetic doses of fentanyl and droperidol. The average peroperative blood loss in the halothane group was 809 ml (range 250–1700 ml); this was significantly lower than in the neurolept anaesthesia group in which an average blood loss of 1909 ml (range 600–4900 ml) occurred. Moderate hypotensive halothane anaesthesia is recommended as an anaesthetic technique for total hip replacement.
Time Response of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Inflammation in LPS-Induced Endotoxaemia—A Comparative Study of Mice and Rats

Sepsis is a severe and multifactorial disease with a high mortality rate. It represents a strong inflammatory response to an infection and is associated with vascular inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Here, we studied the underlying time responses in the widely used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia model in mice and rats. LPS (10 mg/kg; from Salmonella Typhosa) was intraperitoneally injected into mice and rats. Animals of every species were divided into five groups and sacrificed at specific points in time (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 h). White blood cells (WBC) decreased significantly in both species after 3 h and partially recovered with time, whereas platelet decrease did not recover. Oxidative burst and iNOS-derived nitrosyl-iron hemoglobin (HbNO) increased with time (maxima at 9 or 12 h). Immune cell infiltration (CD68 and F4/80 content) showed an increase with time, which was supported by increased vascular mRNA expression of VCAM-1, P-selectin, IL-6 and TNF-α. We characterized the time responses of vascular inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress in LPS-induced endotoxaemic mice and rats. The results of this study will help to interpret and compare data from different animal species in LPS-induced endotoxaemia models for the identification of new drug targets.
Integrated profiling of microRNA expression in membranous nephropathy using high-throughput sequencing technology

The present study analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in peripheral blood lymphocyte cells (PBLCs) from patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and normal controls (NC), in an effort to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of MN. High-throughput sequencing was performed on 30 MN patients and 30 healthy individuals (NC group). Known and novel miRNAs were analyzed and the results were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). In total, 326 miRNAs showed a significant difference in expression between the MN and NC groups. This included 286 downregulated miRNAs and 40 upregulated miRNAs. In addition, there were 6 novel miRNAs that presented differential levels of expression between the MN and NC groups. The miRNAs were mapped to the genome, using a short oligonucleotide alignment program (SOAP), to analyze their expression and distribution. Twenty-five percent of the unique miRNAs in the MN group and 52.1% in the NC group were mapped to the genome. One hundred and eight mismatches were identified. Seventy-seven mismatches were detected in a higher proportion of the MN samples, compared with the NC samples. Twenty-five mismatches were detected in a higher proportion of the NC samples than the MN samples. Differential miRNA expression was also detected between 10 randomly selected pair groups, as depicted in a cluster analysis diagram. These data indicate that differential miRNA expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of MN. In addition, the discrepancies between the MN and NC groups, in the mismatched miRNAs that were mapped to the genome, strongly suggest that miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of human disorders. miRNAs may provide a potential breakthrough in the research of MN and may provide a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of focal laryngeal dystonia: Study of 110 cases

Spastic dysphonia is a syndrome often, producing a strain‐strangle voice. We have previously classified most of these patients as having focal laryngeal dystonia, a disorder of central motor processing. In a study of 1,280 cases of dystonia registered at the Dystonia Clinical Research Center at the Columbia‐Presbyterian Medical Center, we found 110 patients who had vocal cord involvement.
The Day-After Effect: Long Term, Hebbian-Like Restructuring of Resting-State fMRI Patterns Induced by a Single Epoch of Cortical Activation

During rest, the cerebral cortex displays rich, coordinated patterns of spontaneous activity. The mechanism that shapes these patterns is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that a Hebbian-like, sustained process plays a role in focusing these coherent patterns. Human subjects used an fMRI-based neurofeedback (NF) paradigm to intensely activate the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for a single epoch (30 min). Resting-state correlations between all of the cortical voxels' BOLD time courses (functional connectivity) were mapped before, immediately after, and one day after the NF session. We found that the single epoch of cortical activation induced a lasting restructuring of the functional connections according to a Hebbian-like rule. Therefore, the change (increase and decrease) in functional connectivity strength of cortical voxels during rest reflected the level of their prior coactivation during the NF epoch. Interestingly, the effect was significantly enhanced 1 d after the NF activation epoch. The effect was evident in each subject individually, indicating its potential as a diagnostic window into the personal history of prior brain activations of both healthy and abnormal individuals.
The effect of haptic cues on motor and perceptual based implicit sequence learning

We introduced haptic cues to the serial reaction time (SRT) sequence learning task alongside the standard visual cues to assess the relative contributions of visual and haptic stimuli to the formation of motor and perceptual memories. We used motorized keys to deliver brief pulse-like displacements to the resting fingers, expecting that the proximity and similarity of these cues to the subsequent response motor actions (finger-activated key-presses) would strengthen the motor memory trace in particular. We adopted the experimental protocol developed by Willingham (1999) to explore whether haptic cues contribute differently than visual cues to the balance of motor and perceptual learning. We found that sequence learning occurs with haptic stimuli as well as with visual stimuli and we found that irrespective of the stimuli (visual or haptic) the SRT task leads to a greater amount of motor learning than perceptual learning.
Actor's and observer's primary motor cortices stabilize similarly after seen or heard motor actions

We quantified rhythmic brain activity, recorded with whole-scalp magnetoencephalography (MEG), of 13 healthy subjects who were performing, seeing, or hearing the tapping of a drum membrane with the right index finger. In the actor's primary motor (M1) cortex, the level of the ≈20-Hz brain rhythms started to decrease, as a sign of M1 activation, ≈2 s before the action and then increased, with a clear rebound ≈0.6 s after the tapping, as a sign of M1 stabilization. A very similar time course occurred in the M1 cortex of the observer: the activation, although less vigorous than in the actor, started ≈0.8 s before the action and was followed by a rebound. When the subject just heard the tapping sound, no preaction activation was visible, but a rebound followed the sound. The ≈10-Hz somatosensory rhythm, which also started to decrease before own and viewed actions, returned to the baseline level ≈0.6 s later after own actions than observed actions. This delay likely reflects proprioceptive input to the cortex, available only during own actions, and therefore could be related to the brain signature of the sense of agency. The strikingly similar motor cortex reactivity during the first and third person actions expands previous data on brain mechanisms of intersubjective understanding. Besides motor cortex activation before own and observed (predicted) actions, the M1 cortex of both the viewer and the listener stabilized in a very similar manner after brisk motor actions.