Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Us and them: Memory advantages in perceptually ambiguous groups

are usually very good at deciding whether someone is of the same race, gender, or age as ourselves. Not all social categories are easy to discern, however. Do the perceptual and cognitive processes underlying social catego-rization work for ambiguous others just as well as they do for perceptually obvious ingroup and outgroup members? Although this question has, to date, gone largely unad-dressed in the social cognition literature, we believe the answer is yes. It is well known that people show increased memory and attention for those with whom they share a social identity (see Sporer, 2001). Moreover, people also tend to view such ingroup members as more diverse and in-dividuated than those in any given outgroup, regarding the latter as relatively indistinct and homogeneous (Allen & Wilder, 1975; Wilder & Allen, 1974, 1978). Undoubtedly the most highly studied ingroup/outgroup divisions are those that pertain to race. Myriad studies have examined the behavioral manifestations and cognitive effects of the own-race bias and other-race effect with regard to attention and memory (see Meissner & Brigham, 2001, for review and meta-analysis). A particularly well-known example comes from the person-perception literature in social cognition, which examines own-race memory enhancement using a signal-detection paradigm (e.g., Lind-say, Jack, & Christian, 1991). On the whole, these studies have consistently shown that memory and recall for own-race persons is enhanced in both accuracy and reaction time than for other-race persons (see also Bothwell, Brigham, & Malpass, 1989; Sporer, 2001). Is it possible, however, that these effects might apply to groups that are not so perceptually obvious? The preferred attention and cognitive resources allocated toward one's ingroup are by no means unique to racial groups, despite the plethora of research that has been conducted in that area. Although substantially less studied, similar ingroup effects have also been found for the discrimination of gender (Cross, Cross, & Daly, 1971; Wright & Sladden, 2003). For example, participants who viewed Black and White faces of both genders showed not only the expected own-race bias but a significant own-gender bias in detection accuracy, as well (Slone, Brigham, & Meissner, 2000). Similarly, participants also show ingroup advantages in speed of classifying faces on gender and race (Smith & Zarate, 1990). In addition, in-group effects based on age have also been demonstrated for youthful (university students), middle-aged, and elderly participants (Rodin, 1987; Wright & Stroud, 2002). Although classifying individuals by group identity is believed to …
Multistage compute-and-forward with multilevel lattice codes based on product constructions

Product construction with two levels proposed in [1] is a lattice construction which can be thought of as Construction A with codes that can be represented as the Cartesian product of two linear codes. This paper first generalizes the product construction to arbitrary number of levels. More importantly, the existence of a sequence of such lattices that are good for quantization and Poltyrev-good under multistage decoding is proved. This family of lattices is then used to generate a sequence of nested lattice codes based on the recent construction of Ordentlich and Erez. This allows one to achieve the same computation rate of Nazer and Gastpar for compute-and-forward with multistage decoding, which is termed multistage compute-and-forward.
Pulmonary exacerbation in adults with bronchiectasis: a consensus definition for clinical research

There is a need for a clear definition of exacerbations used in clinical trials in patients with bronchiectasis. An expert conference was convened to develop a consensus definition of an exacerbation for use in clinical research. A systematic review of exacerbation definitions used in clinical trials from January 2000 until December 2015 and involving adults with bronchiectasis was conducted. A Delphi process followed by a round-table meeting involving bronchiectasis experts was organised to reach a consensus definition. These experts came from Europe (representing the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Research Collaboration), North America (representing the US Bronchiectasis Research Registry/COPD Foundation), Australasia and South Africa. The definition was unanimously approved by the working group as: a person with bronchiectasis with a deterioration in three or more of the following key symptoms for at least 48 h: cough; sputum volume and/or consistency; sputum purulence; breathlessness and/or exercise tolerance; fatigue and/or malaise; haemoptysis AND a clinician determines that a change in bronchiectasis treatment is required. The working group proposes the use of this consensus-based definition for bronchiectasis exacerbation in future clinical research involving adults with bronchiectasis. An expert conference has developed a consensus definition of a bronchiectasis exacerbation for clinical research http://ow.ly/oKPY309yTaX
Outpatient Detoxification Completion and One-Month Outcomes for Opioid Dependence: A Preliminary Study of a Neuropsychoanalytic Treatment in Pain Patients and Addicted Patients

The current practice in the United States is to maintain patients with opioid dependence on opioids. A case series approach was used to investigate the results of outpatient detoxification/opioid-free treatment using a neuropsychoanalytic paradigm. Detoxification involved a single dose of buprenorphine, adjunctive medications, and intensive neuropsychoanalytic psychotherapy. Depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and nicotine dependence were treated with bupropion. Low-dose naltrexone was used to remedy hypothesized low endogenous opioid tone. In the study, 92% of subjects completed one week of detoxification. By selfreport, 60% were still sober one month into treatment. When divided into a group who met the DSM–IV criteria for opioid dependence because of withdrawal, tolerance, and inability to cut down or stop opioid medications only (the “Pain Group”) and a group who met more than these three criteria (the “Addicted Group”), there were significant differences in maintaining abstinence. In addition, the Addicted Group were much more likely to be depressed and to have borderline personality disorder. All cases of ADHD and all drug dream reports were in the Addicted Group. The conclusion of the study was that neuropsychoanalytic treatment of addiction (including complete abstinence from opioids and neuropsychoanalytic interventions) may be a viable approach to opioid-use disorder. Current DSM criteria for diagnosis of addiction to opioids may incorrectly include a subgroup who are unable to stop the drug only because of inability to endure the withdrawal syndrome. With the neuropsychoanalytic approach, they appear to tolerate withdrawal and stay off opioids. Further investigation is required to compare this neuropsychoanalytic paradigm to other treatments.
Biomarkers for the Detection of Bladder Cancer

In this subject review, a series of morphology-based and molecular markers were compared with urinary cytology for the detection of recurrent urothelial neoplasia. Among the various biomarkers reviewed, the average published sensitivity and specificity for the Bard BTA test was 60% and 77%; the NMP22 Test was 67% and 72%; the telomerase assay was 77% and 85%; and the microsatellite assay was 89% and 100%. DNA ploidy measurements and immunoassays designed to detect keratins, proteins, hyaluronidase, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, fibrinogen degradation products, cell cycle regulators, and molecular markers were also included. Although the performance features of these biomarkers have varied and the cytologic methods to which they have been compared have not been standardized, several of the procedures have received considerable support from urologists as assisting them in the management of their patients.
Optic-Flow Based Control of a 46g Quadrotor

We aim at developing autonomous miniature hov- ering flying robots capable of navigating in unstructured GPS- denied environments. A major challenge is the miniaturization of the embedded sensors and processors allowing such platforms to fly autonomously. In this paper, we propose a novel ego-motion estimation algorithm for hovering robots equipped with inertial and optic-flow sensors that runs in real- time on a microcontroller. Unlike many vision-based methods, this algorithm does not rely on feature tracking, structure estimation, additional distance sensors or assumptions about the environment. Key to this method is the introduction of the translational optic-flow direction constraint (TOFDC), which does not use the optic-flow scale, but only its direction to correct for inertial sensor drift during changes of direction. This solution requires comparatively much simpler electronics and sensors and works in environments of any geometries. We demonstrate the implementation of this algorithm on a miniature 46g quadrotor for closed-loop position control.
Phorbol esters and horseradish peroxidase stimulate pinocytosis and redirect the flow of pinocytosed fluid in macrophages

Lucifer Yellow CH (LY) is an excellent probe for fluid-phase pinocytosis. It accumulates within the macrophage vacuolar system, is not degraded, and is not toxic at concentrations of 6.0 mg/ml. Its uptake is inhibited at 0 degree C. Thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were found to exhibit curvilinear uptake kinetics of LY. Upon addition of LY to the medium, there was a brief period of very rapid cellular accumulation of the dye (1,400 ng of LY/mg protein per h at 1 mg/ml LY). This rate of accumulation most closely approximates the rate of fluid influx by pinocytosis. Within 60 min, the rate of LY accumulation slowed to a steady-state rate of 250 ng/mg protein per h which then continued for up to 18 h. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the reduced rate of accumulation under steady- state conditions was due to efflux of LY. Only 20% of LY taken into the cells was retained; the remainder was released back into the medium. Efflux has two components, rapid and slow; each can be characterized kinetically as a first-order reaction. The kinetics are similar to those described by Besterman et al. (Besterman, J. M., J. A. Airhart, R. C. Woodworth, and R. B. Low, 1981, J. Cell Biol. 91:716-727) who interpret fluid-phase pinocytosis as involving at least two compartments, one small, rapidly turning over compartment and another apparently larger one which fills and empties slowly. To search for processes that control intracellular fluid traffic, we studied pinocytosis after treatment of macrophages with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or with the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). HRP, often used as a marker for fluid-phase pinocytosis, was observed to stimulate the rate of LY accumulation in macrophages. PMA caused an immediate four- to sevenfold increase in the rate of LY accumulation. Both HRP and PMA increased LY accumulation by stimulating influx and reducing the percentage of internalized fluid that is rapidly recycled. A greater proportion of endocytosed fluid passes into the slowly emptying compartment (presumed lysosomes). These experiments demonstrate that because of the considerable efflux by cells, measurement of marker accumulation inaccurately estimates the rate of fluid pinocytosis. Moreover, pinocytic flow of water and solutes through cytoplasm is subject to regulation at points beyond the formation of pinosomes.
Hypergraph partitioning for VLSI CAD: methodology for heuristic development, experimentation and reporting

We illustrate how technical contributions in the VLSI CAD partitioning literature can fail to provide one or more of: (i) reproducible results and descriptions, (ii) an enabling account of the key understanding or insight behind a given contribution, and (iii) experimental evidence that is not only contrasted with the state-of-the-art, but also meaningful in light of the driving application. Such failings can lead to reporting of spurious and misguided conclusions. For example, new ideas may appear promising in the context of a weak experimental testbed, but in reality do not advance the state of the art. The resulting inefficiencies can be detrimental to the entire research community. We draw on several models (chiefly from the metaheuristics community) for experimental research and reporting in the area of heuristics for hard problems, and suggest that such practices can be adopted within the VLSI CAD community. Our focus is on hypergraph partitioning.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Intensifying Lipid‐Lowering Therapy With Statins Based on Individual Absolute Benefit in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Background A validated prediction model estimates the absolute benefit of intensive versus standard lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) with statins on next major cardiovascular events for individual patients with coronary artery disease. We aimed to assess whether targeting intensive LLT therapy to coronary artery disease patients with the highest predicted absolute benefit is cost‐effective compared to treating all with standard or all with intensive LLT. Methods and Results A lifetime Markov model was constructed for coronary artery disease patients (n=10 000) with mean age 61 years. Number of major cardiovascular events, (non) vascular death, costs, and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated for the following strategies: (1) standard LLT for all (reference strategy); (2) intensive LLT for those with 5‐year absolute major cardiovascular events risk reduction (ARR) ≥3%, ≥2.3%, or ≥1.5% (corresponding to ≥20%, ≥15%, or ≥10% 5‐year major cardiovascular events risk); and (3) intensive LLT for all. With intensive LLT for those with ≥3% 5‐year ARR (13% of patients), 380 QALYs were gained for €2423/QALY. Using a threshold of ≥2.3% ARR (26% of patients), 630 QALYs were gained for €5653/QALY. Using a threshold of ≥1.5% ARR (56% of patients), 1020 QALYs were gained for €10 960/QALY. By treating all intensively, 1410 QALYs were gained (0.14 QALY per patient) for €17 223/QALY. With benefit‐based treatment, 0.16 to 0.17 QALY was gained per treated patient. Conclusions Intensive LLT with statins for all coronary artery disease patients results in the highest overall QALY gain against acceptable costs. However, the number of QALYs gained with intensive LLT by statins in individual patients can be increased with selective benefit‐based treatment. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00327691 and NCT00159835
Hydrodynamics from the Dp-brane

We compute the shear viscosity η, the bulk viscosity ζ, and the speed of sound vs for theories dual to the near horizon geometries that arise from a stack of black Dp-branes for p = 2, . , 6 in the decoupling limit. The main new result is the bulk viscosity which, for all p, is found to be related to the speed of sound by the simple relation ζ/η = −2(vs2−1/p). For completeness the shear viscosity is rederived from gravitational perturbations in the shear and scalar channels. We comment on technical issues like the counterterms needed, or the possible dependence on the conformal frame.
Location Discovery in Enterprise-based Wireless Networks: Implementation and Applications

We have designed and implemented a Web service for location discovery (LODS) and a location-based printing service that uses LODS on a network with wireless LAN connectivity based on IEEE 802.11 that is typical to campuses and enterprises. The need for location management and location-based services is linked to the mobility of the users. While location discovery is already implemented in cellular telecommunication networks since the system needs to know where are the users to connect them to incoming calls, the need for such a service was not so crucial in data network where in general the mobile user is the client and initiates the connections. We propose several solutions to implement our location discovery service and compare these solutions in terms of several criteria. LODS allows mobile users to find their approximate location within the campus or the enterprise and allows location-based applications to find out the location of a user to suggest the nearest points of interest, e.g., printers, restrooms, and vending machines. We will present the case of our location-based remote printing service that was deployed in Purdue wireless network.
Clinical Characteristics of Perinatal Psychiatric Patients: A Chart Review Study

Although postpartum depression and other perinatal disorders have been the subject of increased research attention, important questions remain regarding women who actively seek psychiatric treatment during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In this study, we examined clinical records of 500 perinatal psychiatric patients who received treatment in a psychiatric day hospital (N = 398) or outpatient behavioral health clinic (N = 102). Patients’ presenting diagnoses, psychiatric history, treatment course, and depressive symptoms were recorded. The majority of women had major depression as their primary diagnosis, with an average Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of over 20. Many depressed patients were diagnosed with comorbid anxiety and substance abuse disorders. Although most women were willing to take psychotropic medications, a sizable minority were not, particularly those who were breast-feeding. For more than a third of the sample, the treatment sought while pregnant or postpartum represented their first contact with the mental health system. Treatment implications are discussed.
Relationship between instrumental and sensory analysis of texture and color of potato chips

The instrumental and sensory analysis of the texture and color of commercial potato chips were compared. The instrumental measurement was a puncture test with an Intron Universal Testing Machine, and the parameters used were fracture force, deformation and stiffness. The instrumental color quantification was a computerized video image analysis technique, and the color was expressed as L*a*b* values. Sensory evaluation of texture and color was performed by a sensory panel especially trained in evaluating potato chips. The sensory attributes were “hardness”, “chewiness”, “crunchiness”, and “tenderness” for texture analysis, and “yellow color”, “burnt aspect”, “sugar colored aspect” and “transparency” for color analysis. The factor analysis of the sensory attributes indicated that texture can be divided into two principal components, one represented by “hardness”, “crunchiness” and “chewiness”, and the other by “tenderness” alone. The factor analysis of the color can be divided into two principal components, one including “yellow color” and “burnt aspect”, and the other “sugar colored aspect” and “transparency”. Discriminant analysis showed that “tenderness” and “crunchiness” could predict correctly over 90% of the data. Fracture force correlated well with all of the sensory attributes (R2 > 0.76), and L* with the sensory color attributes (R2 > 0.79). The “Tenderness” was the individual sensory attribute which had the highest correlation (R2= 0.95) with fracture force.
A Functional Central Limit Theorem for a Class of Interacting Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods

We present a functional central limit theorem for a new class of interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. These stochastic algorithms have been recently introduced to solve non-linear measure-valued equations. We provide an original theoretical analysis based on semigroup techniques on distribution spaces and fluctuation theorems for self-interacting random fields. Additionally we also present a series of sharp mean error bounds in terms of the semigroup associated with the first order expansion of the limiting measure-valued process. We illustrate our results in the context of Feynman-Kac semigroups
Rapid detection of Acinetobacter baumannii and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in two comprehensive hospitals of Beijing, China

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of nosocomial infections. A rapid and sensitive molecular detection in clinical isolates is quite needed for the appropriate therapy and outbreak control of A. baumannii. Group 2 carbapenems have been considered the agents of choice for the treatment of multiple drug-resistant A. baumannii. But the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) has been steadily increasing in recent years. Here, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection of A. baumannii in clinical samples by using high-specificity primers of the blaOXA-51 gene. Then we investigated the OXA-carbapenemases molecular epidemiology of A. baumannii isolates in two comprehensive hospitals in Beijing. The results showed that the LAMP assay could detect target DNA within 60 min at 65°C. The detection limit was 50 pg/μl, which was about 10-fold greater than that of PCR. Furthermore, this method could distinguish A. baumannii from the homologous A. nosocomialis and A. pittii. A total of 228 positive isolates were identified by this LAMP-based method for A. baumannii from 335 intensive care unit patients with clinically suspected multi-resistant infections in two hospitals in Beijing. The rates of CRAB are on the rise and are slowly becoming a routine phenotype for A. baumannii. Among the CRABs, 92.3% harbored both the blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes. Thirty-three pulsotypes were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the majority belonged to clone C. In conclusion, the LAMP method developed for detecting A. baumannii was faster and simpler than conventional PCR and has great potential for both point-of-care testing and basic research. We further demonstrated a high distribution of class D carbapenemase-encoding genes, mainly OXA-23, which presents an emerging threat in hospitals in China.
Diurnal rhythm of free estradiol during the menstrual cycle.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the diurnal rhythm of estrogens in normally cyclic women during reproductive life. DESIGN Multiple saliva sampling in normally cyclic healthy women during reproductive life at different phases of their menstrual cycles was carried out. METHODS Salivary estradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in samples collected every 2 h for 24 h from 15 normally cyclic healthy women during reproductive life during the menstrual phase, the late follicular/peri-ovulation phase, the early to mid luteal phase and the late luteal phase, respectively, of their menstrual cycles. The levels of salivary estradiol were analyzed by means of periodic regression. RESULTS A daily biological rhythm of free estradiol was found after quantification with a nonlinear periodic regression model. The observed diurnal free estradiol rhythm consists of two major components: an asymmetrically peaked diurnal cycle and ultradian harmonics in the range of 6 to 12 h. The diurnal and ultradian rhythms were remarkably consistent throughout the menstrual cycle in terms of mesor (24 h mean level), peak width and amplitude. There was a tendency for the 24-h rhythm acrophases to converge in the early morning, while the acrophase of the menstrual phase occurred significantly later than in the late follicular/peri-ovulation phase. CONCLUSIONS The diurnal rhythm of estradiol has a similar complex temporal organization for different menstrual phases. The menstrual cycle mainly modulates the acrophase of the diurnal rhythm.