Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Large Diameter Motor for Turret Application

This paper proposes an outer rotor and spoke type longitudinal flux direct-drive machine with advantages such as high precision, robustness, reliability, no backlash and a simple structure for large diameter turret applications. This paper deals with the optimum design using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) with the many design variables of the developed motor. The effective design variables are selected by screening using an analysis of means (AMOM). This paper presents an optimum design for maximum torque and efficiency with the constraints of torque ripple ratio and maximum current using response surface methodology (RSM). The simulation results are compared with the experiment, and are within a 5% deviation of each other in the second prototype. All design performances of the second prototype are verified successfully. The predicted optimum design performances are consistent with the simulation results with a maximum error of 0.283%.
Inequality, climate impacts on the future poor, and carbon prices

Significance Hundreds of published papers produce “optimal” trajectories of global emissions of carbon dioxide, and corresponding carbon prices, over this century, taking into account future damages inflicted by climate change. To our knowledge, in all instances the models ignore inequalities in economic variables beyond regional differences. Here, we introduce heterogeneous subregional populations (distributed by income) and explore how the optimal trajectories are affected by whether regional damage afflicts the poor predominantly. We find that when future damage falls especially hard on the poor, considerably greater global mitigation effort is optimal than when damage is proportional to income. Integrated assessment models of climate and the economy provide estimates of the social cost of carbon and inform climate policy. We create a variant of the Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (RICE)—a regionally disaggregated version of the Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE)—in which we introduce a more fine-grained representation of economic inequalities within the model’s regions. This allows us to model the common observation that climate change impacts are not evenly distributed within regions and that poorer people are more vulnerable than the rest of the population. Our results suggest that this is important to the social cost of carbon—as significant, potentially, for the optimal carbon price as the debate between Stern and Nordhaus on discounting.
Semantic Malware Detection by Deploying Graph Mining

Today malware is a serious threat to our society. Several researchers are studying detection and mitigation of malware threats. On the other hand malware authors try to use obfuscation techniques for evading detection. Unfortunately usual approach (e.g., antivirus software) use signature based method which can easily be evaded. For addressing these shortcomings dynamic methods have been introduced. The aim of dynamic methods is to detect the semantic of malware family. Obfuscation of semantic based method is too difficult and results of these methods are promising. However deploying semantic based methods for real time detection have several complications. Current semantic methods are too timeconsuming and usually need a robust virtual machine to obtain the behavior. In this paper we present an automatic detection method based on graph mining techniques with near optimal detection rate. That is 96.6% accuracy and only 3.4% false positive. In our method, first the malware is analyzed in a virtual machine environment to observe its semantic. A graph representation of malware behavior is constructed. The representation is based on relationships between system calls and allows rearrangement of system calls. Graph is used for representing the behavior of application because graph, especially labeled graph, can be used to model lots of complicated relation between data. At the next step we mine information graph and extract the most discriminative graphs that separate malware from benign. Finally, a classification method is used and the mentioned accuracy was obtained.
Protein anabolic resistance in cancer: does it really exist?

Purpose of reviewPreventing unintentional weight and muscle loss is of crucial importance to maintain the condition and well-being of patients with cancer, improve treatment response and tolerance, and prolong survival. Anabolic resistance might explain why some cancer patients do not respond to nutritional intervention, but does recent evidence actually support this? We will discuss recent literature that casts doubt on attenuated anabolic potential in cancer. Recent findingsAlthough anabolic resistance was observed in the past, more recent studies have shown that advanced cancer patients have an anabolic potential after intake of high-quality proteins. Furthermore, a consistent linear relationship is observed in cancer between (essential) amino acid availability from the diet and net protein gain. The studied cancer patients, however, were often characterized by a normal or obese body weight, following the trend in the general population, and mild systemic inflammation. Factors like recent chemotherapy, surgery, or cachexia do not seem to attenuate the anabolic potential to feeding. SummaryCancer patients have a normal anabolic potential which relates to the amount of essential amino acids in the meal. It remains to be determined if this is also the case in weak cancer patients with a short life expectancy and high systemic inflammation.
The New Militarism, Global Terrorism, and the American University: Making Sense of the Assault on Democracy “Here, There, Somewhere”

This paper examines the ways in which the Bush administration and its allies have targeted the American university as part of a broad assault on democracy. The author maintains that the administration has used the tragic events of September 11 to strike fear in the American people for the purposes of formulating a more aggressive militarization both home and abroad. This “New Militarism” justifies two particular positions with regard to the relationship between the Bush administration and the nation’s universities. First, and because of the potential for criticism to arise from within the walls of the university, the Bush administration and its allies have sought to limit such critiques through a variety of actions and policies. Second, the Bush administration and its supporters have been intent on strengthening the already strong ties between the American university and the U.S. military industrial complex, including the Department of Defense. These two broad assaults have resulted in further deterioration to the American university’s democratic potential and its ability to advance a more just world.
Gemcitabine alone or in combination with Cisplatin for advanced biliary tract carcinomas: an overview of clinical evidence.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There has been no universally agreed standard chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced biliary tract carcinomas (BTC). We aimed to fully display and evaluate the clinical evidence for gemcitabine or gemcitabine-cisplatin combination for advanced BTC. METHODS Systematic searches were performed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled trials. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rates (ORR), tumor control rates (TCR), and toxicity were evaluated. Evidence levels of the results were evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Results of the eleven gemcitabine-cisplatin trials and ten gemcitabine trials showed both chemotherapy regimens had benefits with reference to mean OS (8.63 vs. 8.79 months), mean PFS (4.86 vs. 4.72 months), pooled ORR (25.3% vs. 19.6%) and TCR (55.2% vs. 53.1%). Two RCTs showed the gemcitabine-cisplatin combination to prolong the mean PFS (mean difference [MD] 2.57, 95%CI 1.69 3.45), substantially increasing the mean OS (MD 3.59, 95% CI 3.48 3.71), and producing a similar effect in ORR (risk ratio [RR] 1.59, 95%CI 1.04 2.43), increasing TCR (RR 1.15, 95%CI 1.02 1.31) compared with gemcitabine alone, with generally manageable grade 3 or 4 adverse events. The evidence level of OS was moderate, and other outcomes (ORR, PFS, TCR, anaemia, neutropenia) were at low evidence levels. CONCLUSION Available evidence was limited with low quality, which showed that both gemcitabine-cisplatin and gemcitabine alone had clinical activity with acceptable safety profiles, and gemcitabine-cisplatin appeared to be more useful for advanced BTC patients than gemcitabine alone.
Fiber tracking: principles and strategies – a technical review

The state of the art of reconstruction of the axonal tracts in the central nervous system (CNS) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is reviewed. This relatively new technique has generated much enthusiasm and high expectations because it presently is the only approach available to non‐invasively study the three‐dimensional architecture of white matter tracts. While there is no doubt that DTI fiber tracking is providing exciting new opportunities to study CNS anatomy, it is very important to understand its limitations. In this review we therefore assess the basic principles and the assumptions that need to be made for each step of the study, including both data acquisition and the elaborate fiber reconstruction algorithms. Special attention is paid to situations where complications may arise, and possible solutions are reviewed. Validation issues and potential future directions and improvements are also discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi-frequency path loss in an outdoor to indoor macrocellular scenario

Multi-frequency path loss measurements have been conducted in an outdoor to indoor macrocellular scenario. Four discrete CW signals were transmitted in the band 460–5100 MHz from the roof of a 29 meters tall building. The loss was measured inside and outside 5 different buildings at distances up to 600 m from the base station. Excess and building penetration loss and their dependencies on frequency and floor level have been studied. It was found that the loss decreases as the floor height increases. Based on corresponding measurement data an empirical building penetration loss model based on the transition between floor levels for which the building is in non line of sight and in line of sight condition with respect to the base station is proposed. Moreover, it was found that the excess path loss increases somewhat with increasing frequency, in particular in the range 2–5 GHz. It was found that the indoor excess path loss could be approximated with a lognormal distribution around about 30 dB.
A Survey on Isolated Word and Digit Recognition using Different Techniques

Nowadays, Spoken digit recognition is one the challenging task in the field of speech recognition. Spoken digit recognition is necessary nowadays in many applications that needed number as input like telephone dialing using speech, addresses, airline reservation & automatic directory to retrieve & send information which make the system more efficient to use. Also, It proves very helpful for physically challenged people in hands & eyes free applications. Various techniques are used for isolated speech recognition like MFCC, HMM, LPC. But among all of them many researchers found that MFCC is widely used & give a more accurate result. ASR achieves a maturity level in many Indian languages. Mostly research work has been carried out. Here in this paper, Discussions of the survey is on some of that recent research work in isolated digit recognition for the Indian languages like English, Gujarati, and Hindi & also in other similar languages. Likewise, discussing different approaches, methods & comparative analysis about recent research work done in isolated digit & word recognition in various languages.
Engaging Reason: On the Theory of Value and Action

INTRODUCTION 1. When We Are Ourselves 2. Agency, Reason and the Good 3. Incommensurability and Agency 4. Explaining Normativity: On Rationality and the Justification of Reason 5. Explaining Normativity: Reason and the Will 6. 6. Notes on Objectivity and Value 7. Moral Change and Social Relativism 8. Mixing Values 9. The Value of Practice 10. The Truth in Particularism 11. The Moral Point of View 12. The Amoralist 13. The Central Conflict: Morality and Self-Interest Index
Identification of Dck1 and Lmo1 as upstream regulators of the small GTPase Rho5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The exact function and regulation of the small GTPase Rho5, a putative homolog of mammalian Rac1, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have not yet been elucidated. In a genetic screen initially designed to identify novel regulators of cell wall integrity signaling, we identified the homologs of mammalian DOCK1 (Dck1) and ELMO (Lmo1) as upstream components which regulate Rho5. Deletion mutants in any of the encoding genes (DCK1, LMO1, RHO5) showed hyper‐resistance to cell wall stress agents, demonstrating a function in cell wall integrity signaling. Live‐cell fluorescence microscopy showed that Dck1, Lmo1 and Rho5 quickly relocate to mitochondria under oxidative stress and cell viability assays indicate a role of Dck1/Lmo1/Rho5 signaling in triggering cell death as a response to hydrogen peroxide treatment. A regulatory role in autophagy/mitophagy is suggested by the colocalization of Rho5 with autophagic markers and the decreased mitochondrial turnover observed in dck1, lmo1 and rho5 deletion mutants. Rho5 activation may thus serve as a central hub for the integration of different signaling pathways.
Rival Male Relatedness Does Not Affect Ejaculate Allocation as Predicted by Sperm Competition Theory

When females are sexually promiscuous, the intensity of sperm competition for males depends on how many partners females mate with. To maximize fitness, males should adjust their copulatory investment in relation to this intensity. However, fitness costs associated with sperm competition may not only depend on how many males a female has mated with, but also how related rival males are. According to theoretical predictions, males should adjust their copulatory investment in response to the relatedness of their male rival, and transfer more sperm to females that have first mated with a non-sibling male than females that have mated to a related male. Here, for the first time, we empirically test this theory using the Australian field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. We expose male crickets to sperm competition from either a full sibling or non-sibling male, by using both the presence of a rival male and the rival male's actual competing ejaculate as cues. Contrary to predictions, we find that males do not adjust ejaculates in response to the relatedness of their male rival. Instead, males with both full-sibling and non-sibling rivals allocate sperm of similar quality to females. This lack of kin biased behaviour is independent of any potentially confounding effect of strong competition between close relatives; kin biased behaviour was absent irrespective of whether males were raised in full sibling or mixed relatedness groups.
Clustering 16S rRNA for OTU prediction: a method of unsupervised Bayesian clustering

Motivation: With the advancements of next-generation sequencing technology, it is now possible to study samples directly obtained from the environment. Particularly, 16S rRNA gene sequences have been frequently used to profile the diversity of organisms in a sample. However, such studies are still taxed to determine both the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and their relative abundance in a sample. Results: To address these challenges, we propose an unsupervised Bayesian clustering method termed Clustering 16S rRNA for OTU Prediction (CROP). CROP can find clusters based on the natural organization of data without setting a hard cut-off threshold (3%/5%) as required by hierarchical clustering methods. By applying our method to several datasets, we demonstrate that CROP is robust against sequencing errors and that it produces more accurate results than conventional hierarchical clustering methods. Availability and Implementation: Source code freely available at the following URL: http://code.google. com/p/crop-tingchenlab/, implemented in C++ and supported on Linux and MS Windows. Contact: tingchen@usc.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ound healing activity of the human antimicrobial peptide LL 37

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune system and are generally defined as cationic, amphipathic peptides, with less than 50 amino acids, including multiple arginine and lysine residues. The human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL37 can be found at different concentrations in many different cells, tissues and body fluids and has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. The healing of wound is a complex process that involves different steps: hemostasis, inflammation, remodeling/granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialization. Inflammation and angiogenesis are two fundamental physiological conditions implicated in this process. We have recently developed a new method for the expression and purification of recombinant LL37. In this work, we show that the recombinant peptide P-LL37 with a N-terminus proline preserves its immunophysiological properties in vitro and ound healing in vivo. P-LL37 neutralized the activation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Besides, the peptide induced proliferation, migration and tubule-like structures formation by endothelial cells. Wound healing experiments were performed in dexamethasone-treated mice to study the effect of LL37 on angiogenesis and wound regeneration. The topical application of synthetic and recombinant LL37 increased vascularization and re-epithelialization. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that LL37 may have a key role in wound regeneration through vascularization.
Rerooting lifelong learning : resourcing neighbourhood renewal

1 The National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal 2 Tackling poverty 3 Encouraging public participation 4 Lifelong Learning 5 A tale of four cities 5.1 Derry 5.2 Hull 5.3 Oxford 5.4 Portsmouth 6 Issues raised 7 Listening to learners 7.1 Gaynor 7.2 Tommy 7.3 Lindsay 8 Related commentaries 8.1 Joined up thinking not stitched up thinking 8.2 The limitations of individualism and the idea of community 8.3 Reclaiming social purpose 8.4 People before systems 9 Questions for discussion Acknowledgements
Expression analysis of miRNA and target mRNAs in esophageal cancer

We aimed to investigate miRNAs and related mRNAs through a network-based approach in order to learn the crucial role that they play in the biological processes of esophageal cancer. Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC)-related miRNA and gene expression data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed miRNAs and genes were selected. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted and their regulatory networks were constructed. Differentially expressed miRNA analysis selected four miRNAs associated with EAC and ESCC, among which hsa-miR-21 and hsa-miR-202 were shared by both diseases. hsa-miR-202 was reported for the first time to be associated with esophageal cancer in the present study. Differentially expressed miRNA target genes were mainly involved in cancer-related and signal-transduction pathways. Functional categories of these target genes were related to transcriptional regulation. The results may indicate potential target miRNAs and genes for future investigations of esophageal cancer.
Activation of the ERK pathway in osteoblastic cells, role of gremlin and BMP‐2

Gremlin is a glycoprotein that binds and antagonizes the actions of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) ‐2, ‐4, and ‐7. Gremlin appears to activate the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in endothelial and tumor cells, and as a consequence to have direct cellular effects. To determine whether gremlin has direct effects in osteoblasts, independent of its BMP binding activity, we examined its effects in ST‐2 murine stromal cell lines and in primary cultures of murine calvarial osteoblasts. Gremlin did not activate Signaling mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad), and suppressed the BMP‐2 induced Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation and the transactivation of the BMP/Smad reporter construct 12xSBE‐Oc‐pGL3, confirming its BMPs antagonizing activity. Neither gremlin nor BMP‐2 induced ERK 1/2 activation in ST‐2 cells or calvarial osteoblasts. Moreover, slight changes in culture conditions induced the phosphorylation of ERK independent from BMP or gremlin exposure. In conclusion, gremlin inhibits BMP‐2 signaling and activity, and does not have independent actions on ERK signaling in osteoblasts. Consequently, gremlin activity in osteoblasts can be attributed only to its BMP antagonizing effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1421–1426, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a Model for Coastal Waves and Floating Structures

Abstract : Our long-term goal is to develop a comprehensive model to predict coastal surface waves in any harbor (or open coastal regions also) and their effect on floating objects in confined waters. Several years of theoretical and applied research will be converted into a practical tool that eliminates the limitations of existing nearshore wave models used operationally by the Navy. Our objectives are to further develop and provide to the Navy a wave transformation model that includes wave refraction, diffraction (by bathymetry and structures, islands, etc.), reflection, dissipation by friction and breaking, and the effect of tidal (or other surface currents) on wind waves and swell. The goal is to make the model simultaneously accurate (to obtain a satisfactorily reliable representation of the sea-state) and efficient (for rapid integration with other ocean wave models and/or possible onboard utilization with a medium-size computer). A further goal is to develop a three-dimensional module (to be interfaced with the wave model) that can utilize the predicted wave fields to estimate forces on floating structures in a harbor.
Apparent mitochondrial asymmetry in Xenopus eggs

Cell polarity is manifest along the animal/vegetal axis in eggs of the frog, Xenopus laevis. Along this axis, maternal cytoplasmic components are asymmetrically distributed and are thought to underlie specification of distinct cell fates. To ascertain the molecular identities of such cytoplasmic components, we have used a monoclonal antibody that specifically stains the vegetal hemisphere of Xenopus eggs. The antigenic protein Vp67 (vegetal protein of 67 kDa) was identified through purification and cloning as a Xenopus homolog of the mitochondrial protein dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The identification of Vp67 as a mitochondrial protein could indicate that populations of mitochondria are asymmetrically distributed in Xenopus eggs. Developmental Dynamics 226:654–662, © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.