Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A paradox of support seeking and rejection among the stigmatized

Individuals perceiving stigma may be unwilling to seek support directly. Instead, they may use indirect strategies due to fear of rejection. Ironically, indirect seeking leads to unsupportive network responses (i.e., rejection). In Study 1, data collected from structured interviews of a sample of U.S. women in poverty (N= 116) showed that perceived poverty-related stigma was related to increased fear of rejection, which in turn partially mediated perceived stigma and indirect seeking. In Study 2, data gathered from structured interviews of a sample of U.S. abused women (N= 177) revealed that perceived abuse-related stigma was linked to increased indirect seeking, which in turn related to increased unsupportive network responses. By contrast, direct support seeking was related to increased supportive and decreased unsupportive responses.
Lower limb kinematics of human walking with the medial axis transformation

The paper describes a simple model for free-speed human walking and compares ordinary images of a walking person to the model. Three dimensional kinematic data were obtained from subjects walking with markers over the joints of their limbs. The average of these data was used to derive a model stick figure of the lower limbs, based on the average anthropometric data of the population. Stick figures were obtained from ordinary images of persons dressed in tight fitting clothes without any markers by using the medial axis transformation. The two dimensional information from the image stick figures was compared with the projection of the three dimensional information of the model onto the relevant plane. A high degree of correlation was noted between the rotational patterns of the model and image stick figures. <<ETX>>
DEAP: evolutionary algorithms made easy

DEAP is a novel evolutionary computation framework for rapid prototyping and testing of ideas. Its design departs from most other existing frameworks in that it seeks to make algorithms explicit and data structures transparent, as opposed to the more common black-box frameworks. Freely available with extensive documentation at http://deap.gel. ulaval.ca, DEAP is an open source project under an LGPL license.
EFFECT OF BETAMETHASONE ON THE PULP AFTER TOPICAL APPLICATION TO THE DENTIN OF RAT TEETH: VASCULAR ASPECTS OF THE INFLAMMATION

Objective: This study investigated the pulpal effect of topically applied betamethasone to the dentin of rat molars in the vascular phase of inflammation. Material and Methods: Deep cavities were prepared on the occlusal face of the maxillary right and left 1st molars with non-refrigerated inverted-cone steel burs at low speed. Three groups were formed: Group I was composed of right 1st molars; Group II was composed of left 1st molars that received the application of a drop of betamethasone on dentin surface for 5 min; and Group III (control) was composed of right 2nd molars that received no cavity preparation or betamethasone application. Changes in the vascular characteristics of the pulp tissue were checked by calculating the pulp vascular area in relation to its total area and the number of blood vessels per unit area. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: Group I presented a significantly larger number of vessels (p<0.05) than Group II. Regarding the vascular/total area ratio (%), Group I presented statistically significantly higher values (p=0.01) than Groups II and III. Conclusion: Betamethasone applied on the dentin of rat teeth proved to reduce the vascular phase of pulp inflammation regarding vessel diameter and number of blood vessels.
Genetic Resistance to Rhabdovirus Infection in Teleost Fish Is Paralleled to the Derived Cell Resistance Status

Genetic factors of resistance and predisposition to viral diseases explain a significant part of the clinical variability observed within host populations. Predisposition to viral diseases has been associated to MHC haplotypes and T cell immunity, but a growing repertoire of innate/intrinsic factors are implicated in the genetic determinism of the host susceptibility to viruses. In a long-term study of the genetics of host resistance to fish rhabdoviruses, we produced a collection of double-haploid rainbow trout clones showing a wide range of susceptibility to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) waterborne infection. The susceptibility of fibroblastic cell lines derived from these clonal fish was fully consistent with the susceptibility of the parental fish clones. The mechanisms determining the host resistance therefore did not associate with specific host immunity, but rather with innate or intrinsic factors. One cell line was resistant to rhabdovirus infection due to the combination of an early interferon IFN induction - that was not observed in the susceptible cells - and of yet unknown factors that hamper the first steps of the viral cycle. The implication of IFN was well consistent with the wide range of resistance of this genetic background to VSHV and IHNV, to the birnavirus IPNV and the orthomyxovirus ISAV. Another cell line was even more refractory to the VHSV infection through different antiviral mechanisms. This collection of clonal fish and isogenic cell lines provides an interesting model to analyze the relative contribution of antiviral pathways to the resistance to different viruses.
Longitudinal Associations Between the Quality of Mother-Infant Interactions and Brain Development Across Infancy.

The aim of this study was to investigate if normative variations in parenting relate to brain development among typically developing children. A sample of 352 mother-infant dyads came to the laboratory when infants were 5, 10, and 24 months of age (final N = 215). At each visit, child resting electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Mother-infant interactions were videotaped at the 5-month visit. The results indicated that higher quality maternal behavior during mother-infant interactions predicted higher frontal resting EEG power at 10 and 24 months, as well as increases in power between 5 and 10 months, and between 10 and 24 months. These findings provide rare support for the hypothesis that normative variation in parenting quality may contribute to brain development among typically developing infants.
MRE11 facilitates the removal of human topoisomerase II complexes from genomic DNA

Summary Topoisomerase II creates a double-strand break intermediate with topoisomerase covalently coupled to the DNA via a 5′-phosphotyrosyl bond. These intermediate complexes can become cytotoxic protein-DNA adducts and DSB repair at these lesions requires removal of topoisomerase II. To analyse removal of topoisomerase II from genomic DNA we adapted the trapped in agarose DNA immunostaining assay. Recombinant MRE11 from 2 sources removed topoisomerase II&agr; from genomic DNA in vitro, as did MRE11 immunoprecipitates isolated from A-TLD or K562 cells. Basal topoisomerase II complex levels were very high in A-TLD cells lacking full-length wild type MRE11, suggesting that MRE11 facilitates the processing of topoisomerase complexes that arise as part of normal cellular metabolism. In K562 cells inhibition of MRE11, PARP or replication increased topoisomerase II&agr; and &bgr; complex levels formed in the absence of an anti-topoisomerase II drug.
Increased Cardiac Myocyte PDE5 Levels in Human and Murine Pressure Overload Hypertrophy Contribute to Adverse LV Remodeling

Background The intracellular second messenger cGMP protects the heart under pathological conditions. We examined expression of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), an enzyme that hydrolyzes cGMP, in human and mouse hearts subjected to sustained left ventricular (LV) pressure overload. We also determined the role of cardiac myocyte-specific PDE5 expression in adverse LV remodeling in mice after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Methodology/Principal Findings In patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing valve replacement, we detected greater myocardial PDE5 expression than in control hearts. We observed robust expression in scattered cardiac myocytes of those AS patients with higher LV filling pressures and BNP serum levels. Following TAC, we detected similar, focal PDE5 expression in cardiac myocytes of C57BL/6NTac mice exhibiting the most pronounced LV remodeling. To examine the effect of cell-specific PDE5 expression, we subjected transgenic mice with cardiac myocyte-specific PDE5 overexpression (PDE5-TG) to TAC. LV hypertrophy and fibrosis were similar as in WT, but PDE5-TG had increased cardiac dimensions, and decreased dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin with prolonged tau (P<0.05 for all). Greater cardiac dysfunction in PDE5-TG was associated with reduced myocardial cGMP and SERCA2 levels, and higher passive force in cardiac myocytes in vitro. Conclusions/Significance Myocardial PDE5 expression is increased in the hearts of humans and mice with chronic pressure overload. Increased cardiac myocyte-specific PDE5 expression is a molecular hallmark in hypertrophic hearts with contractile failure, and represents an important therapeutic target.
Sigma-point filtering for nonlinear systems with non-additive heavy-tailed noise

This paper is concerned with sigma-point methods for filtering in nonlinear systems, where the process and measurement noise are heavy tailed and enter the system non-additively. The problem is approached within the framework of assumed density filtering and the necessary statistics are approximated using sigma-point methods developed for Student's t-distribution. This leads to UKF/CKF-type of filters for Student's t-distribution. Four different sigma-point methods are considered that compute exact expectations of polynomials for orders up to 3, 5, 7, and 9, respectively. The resulting algorithms are evaluated in a simulation example and real data from a pedestrian dead-reckoning experiment. In the simulation experiment the nonlinear Student's t filters are found to be faster in suppressing large errors in the state estimates in comparison to the UKF when filtering in nonlinear Gaussian systems with outliers in process and measurement noise. In the pedestrian dead-reckoning experiment the sigma-point Student's t filter was found to yield better loop closure and path length estimates as well as significantly improved robustness towards extreme accelerometer measurement spikes.
Power system switching transients in passenger automobiles

Design of automobiles has already reached to a level that many uses highly complex and sophisticated computing applications with associated electronics. These high-ended car electronic automation systems require very accurate and steady supply and most of these sensitive car electronics like multimedia systems, navigation units, etc., prone to fail in the presence of transient over voltages through the DC supply lines. Therefore a measurement of transients in automobiles and analysis has been done in order to identify the characteristics and risk levels of such transients for the vehicular control and attendant systems. In evaluating, an extensive survey of the transients carried out at a constant location within the electrical system of many late model automobiles. Transients were measured, rise times ranging from 0.3 us to 700 us and pulse durations from few microseconds to hundreds. There are bursts spread over milliseconds while number of transients have rise and fall times (<; 5 ns) in the RF range (> 200 MHz). Thus the transient waveforms were first categorized to arrive at a compact set of common types of waveforms and analyzed. The measured transient parameters were compared with the sensitivity of several standard car electronic devices to identify their immunity to the conducted transients. Providing an overview of how to mitigate or reduce the effect of transients in automobiles in order to increase the power system efficiency and reliability, also expected while addressing the sensitivity of devices.
Hodge decomposition for divergence-free vector fields and two-dimensional Maxwell's equations

We propose a new numerical approach for two-dimensional Maxwell’s equations that is based on the Hodge decomposition for divergencefree vector fields. In this approach an approximate solution for Maxwell’s equations can be obtained by solving standard second order scalar elliptic boundary value problems. This new approach is illustrated by a P1 finite element method.
Estimation of the VA/(Q+VTIS) distribution from single-breath alkane uptake

The authors investigated if the ventilation-perfusion distribution can be estimated from the uptake (U) of inert gases with different solubilities during the single-breath maneuver. A model was implemented that describes U as a function of solubility for inhomogeneously distributed alveolar volume (VA) versus blood and tissue volume (Q+VTIS). The VA/(Q+VTIS) distribution describes the relative contribution of gas-exchange units with different VA/(Q+VTIS) ratios to the expiratory volume. U was derived as the sum of uptakes corresponding to different modes in the distribution, weighted with the relative contribution to the expiratory volume. This permits an estimation of the distribution parameters by fitting U as a function of solubility. The n alkanes were used because of their different solubilities. Analysis of the sensitivity of the estimated VA/(Q+VTIS) distribution parameters to measurement errors showed that mostly two modes can he discerned. The influence of fixed model parameters appeared relatively small. The model could well explain U in normal and emphysematous subjects, with a larger contribution of high V/sub A//(Q+VTIS) ratios in the emphysematous subjects. It was concluded that the V/sub A//(Q+VTIS) distribution can be estimated noninvasively from single-breath alkane uptake.
Protection of Minority Shareholder Interests, Cross-Listings in the United States, and Subsequent Equity Offerings

This paper examines the hypothesis that non-U.S. firms cross-list in the United States to increase protection of their minority shareholders. Cross-listing on an organized exchange (NYSE or Nasdaq) in the U.S. subjects a non-U.S. firm to a number of provisions of U.S. securities law and requires the firm to conform to U.S. GAAP. It therefore increases the expected cost to managers of extracting private benefits, and commits the firm to protecting minority shareholders' interests. The expected relation between the quantity of cross-listings and shareholder protection in the home country is ambiguous, because managers will consider both expected private benefits and the public value of their shares. However, there are clear predictions about the relation between subsequent equity issues, shareholder protection and cross-listings: 1) Equity issues increase following all cross-listings, regardless of shareholder protection. 2) The increase should be larger for cross-listings from countries with weak protection. 3) Equity issues following cross-listings in the U.S. will tend to be in the U.S. for firms from countries with strong protection and outside the U.S. for firms from countries with weak protection. We find strong evidence supporting predictions 1) and 3), and weak evidence consistent with hypothesis 2). Overall, the desire to protect shareholder rights appears to be one reason why some non-U.S. firms cross-list in the United States. However, it probably is not an important determinant of the large recent increase in cross-listings, because legal requirements potentially deter a number of firms that do have a demand for equity capital from cross-listing in the U.S.
Exposure to N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea in Adult Mice Alters Structural and Functional Integrity of Neurogenic Sites

Background Previous studies have shown that prenatal exposure to the mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), a N-nitroso compound (NOC) found in the environment, disrupts developmental neurogenesis and alters memory formation. Previously, we showed that postnatal ENU treatment induced lasting deficits in proliferation of neural progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the main neurogenic region in the adult mouse brain. The present study is aimed to examine, in mice exposed to ENU, both the structural features of adult neurogenic sites, incorporating the dentate gyrus (DG), and the behavioral performance in tasks sensitive to manipulations of adult neurogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings 2-month old mice received 5 doses of ENU and were sacrificed 45 days after treatment. Then, an ultrastructural analysis of the SVZ and DG was performed to determine cellular composition in these regions, confirming a significant alteration. After bromodeoxyuridine injections, an S-phase exogenous marker, the immunohistochemical analysis revealed a deficit in proliferation and a decreased recruitment of newly generated cells in neurogenic areas of ENU-treated animals. Behavioral effects were also detected after ENU-exposure, observing impairment in odor discrimination task (habituation-dishabituation test) and a deficit in spatial memory (Barnes maze performance), two functions primarily related to the SVZ and the DG regions, respectively. Conclusions/Significance The results demonstrate that postnatal exposure to ENU produces severe disruption of adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and DG, as well as strong behavioral impairments. These findings highlight the potential risk of environmental NOC-exposure for the development of neural and behavioral deficits.
The Internal Structure of Small Clauses: New Evidence from Inversion

0 Introduction In this paper I wish to explore one aspect of what has been called the \inverse copular construction"|a construction in which the subject of a copular sentence appears to have many of the properties of a predicate, and vice versa. 1 In particular, I hope to shed some further light on the still unresolved problems raised by this construction by looking in more detail at the behavior of other instances of DP predicates. A good deal of recent work on inverse copular constructions has taken it as axiomatic that the copula has some unique property that allows it alone to function as the \pivot" around which inversion of subject and predicate can occur. In this paper I will show that there is reason to question this assumption, and hence that an analysis must be found that can derive the distribution of the inverse construction without an appeal to any property unique to the copula. Finally, I outline such an analysis, and indicate a direction for further research.
Improving Performance of Anomaly-Based IDS by Combining Multiple Classifiers

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) play an important role to defend networks from cyber attacks. Among them, anomaly-based IDSs can detect unknown attacks like 0-day attacks that are hard to detect by using signature-based system. However, they have problems that their performance depends on a learning dataset. It is very hard to prepare an appropriate learning dataset in a static fashion, because the traffic in the Internet changes quite dynamically and complexity. In this paper, we propose a method that follows traffic trend by combining multiple classifiers. We evaluate our method using Kyoto2006+ and existing algorithm.
The Long-Term Impact of Loyalty Programs on Consumer Purchase Behavior and Loyalty

Despite the prevalent use of loyalty programs, there is limited evidence on the long-term effects of such programs, and their effectiveness is not well established. The current research examines the long-term impact of a loyalty program on consumers' usage levels and their exclusive loyalty to the firm. Using longitudinal data from a convenience store franchise, the study shows that consumers who were heavy buyers at the beginning of a loyalty program were most likely to claim their qualified rewards, but the program did not prompt them to change their purchase behavior. In contrast, consumers whose initial patronage levels were low or moderate gradually purchased more and became more loyal to the firm. For light buyers, the loyalty program broadened their relationship with the firm into other business areas. The findings suggest a need to consider consumer idiosyncrasies when studying loyalty programs and illustrate consumers' cocreation of value in the marketing process.
Breaking the mirror: Asymmetrical disconnection between the phonological input and output codes

In this paper, we study the link between the processing systems that sustain speech perception and production in a patient (F.A.) with conduction aphasia. Her pattern of performance in repetition task—quantitative but also qualitative striking difference in errors with pseudowords versus words—cannot be properly accounted for either by a perception deficit or by a production deficit. We discuss this finding according to theoretical models of phonological processing and show that it is best explained by an impaired ability to transfer phonological information from the perception to the production system. We also probed for a phonological link in the opposite direction, from the production to the perception system. F.A. 's results show that this link was not impaired. Overall, our results suggest that (a) the phonological codes in perception and in production are separate but connected by two conversion mechanisms and that (b) these two mechanisms can be disrupted independently.
THE COEVALITY OF YOUNG BINARY SYSTEMS

Multiple star systems are commonly assumed to form coevally; they thus provide the anchor for most calibrations of stellar evolutionary models. In this paper, we study the binary population of the Taurus–Auriga association, using the component positions in an HR diagram in order to quantify the frequency and degree of coevality in young binary systems. After identifying and rejecting the systems that are known to be affected by systematic errors (due to further multiplicity or obscuration by circumstellar material), we find that the relative binary ages, |Δlog τ|, have an overall dispersion σ|Δlog τ|∼ 0.40 dex. Random pairs of Taurus members are coeval only to within σ|Δlog τ|∼ 0.58 dex, indicating that Taurus binaries are indeed more coeval than the association as a whole. However, the distribution of |Δlog τ| suggests two populations, with ∼2/3 of the sample appearing coeval to within the errors (σ|Δlog τ|∼ 0.16 dex) and the other ∼1/3 distributed in an extended tail reaching |Δlog τ|∼ 0.4–0.9 dex. To explain the finding of a multipeaked distribution, we suggest that the tail of the differential age distribution includes unrecognized hierarchical multiples, stars seen in scattered light, or stars with disk contamination; additional follow-up is required to rule out or correct for these explanations. The relative coevality of binary systems does not depend significantly on the system mass, mass ratio, or separation. Indeed, any pair of Taurus members wider than ∼10′ (∼0.7 pc) shows the full age spread of the association.