Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interacting Guilds: Moving beyond the Pairwise Perspective on Mutualisms

Most textbook treatments imply, and almost all theoretical analyses assume, that mutualistic interactions take place between a single pair of interacting partner species. A major goal of this symposium is to broaden and shift this pairwise perspective and make it concordant with the emerging view that locally exclusive mutualisms between just two species are the exception and that many communities include guilds of mutualistic species on one or both sides of the interaction. Many pollination and seed‐dispersal mutualisms have long been recognized as diffuse, but recent molecular analyses are revealing unrecognized partner diversity in mutualistic interactions previously thought to be locally species specific. Co‐occurring species within a mutualist guild are unlikely to be ecologically equivalent in the way they locate, compete for, and/or reward partners, and so intraguild interactions have the potential to influence population dynamics and patterns of selection in species on both sides of the mutualistic interaction. To illustrate some of these potential complexities for population dynamics, I use simple path analytic models to show that positive pairwise interactions between mutualists do not necessarily translate into positive net interactions within a mutualism involving more than two species. For example, when there is intraguild competition for partners, or even for resources external to the mutualism, the presence of a lower‐quality mutualist can negatively affect the partner population by reducing associations it can form with better mutualists. Variation in quality among potential partners is likely to place a premium on traits or behaviors that enhance association with better mutualists. More investigations are needed to determine how variation among interacting mutualists, with respect to characteristics such as longevity, dispersal capability, and competitive ability, influence population dynamics and selection in multispecies mutualisms.
A hit‐and‐run heat shock factor governs sustained histone methylation and transcriptional stress memory

In nature, plants often encounter chronic or recurring stressful conditions. Recent results indicate that plants can remember a past exposure to stress to be better prepared for a future stress incident. However, the molecular basis of this is poorly understood. Here, we report the involvement of chromatin modifications in the maintenance of acquired thermotolerance (heat stress [HS] memory). HS memory is associated with the accumulation of histone H3 lysine 4 di‐ and trimethylation at memory‐related loci. This accumulation outlasts their transcriptional activity and marks them as recently transcriptionally active. High accumulation of H3K4 methylation is associated with hyper‐induction of gene expression upon a recurring HS. This transcriptional memory and the sustained accumulation of H3K4 methylation depend on HSFA2, a transcription factor that is required for HS memory, but not initial heat responses. Interestingly, HSFA2 associates with memory‐related loci transiently during the early stages following HS. In summary, we show that transcriptional memory after HS is associated with sustained H3K4 hyper‐methylation and depends on a hit‐and‐run transcription factor, thus providing a molecular framework for HS memory.
Psychomotor retardation correlates with frontal hypoperfusion and the Modified Stroop Test in patients with major depression under 60‐years‐old

Abstract Frontal hypoperfusion and frontal dysfunction have been reported in patients with major depression. It was also found that frontal hypoperfusion correlated with frontal dysfunction evaluated by neuropsychological tests in depressive patients aged 60 or over. These findings suggested that depression may cause frontal dysfunction and frontal hypoperfusion, and that these pathophysiological changes are manifested as psychomotor retardation. We performed single photon emission computed tomography and Modified Stroop Test on 35 patients with depression aged 25–83 to investigate association of depressive symptoms and psychological tests with cerebral blood perfusion. Additionally, we divided the patients into a younger (less than 60 years old) and an older (60 or over) group to examine the effect of age. Significant correlations were found between frontal perfusion, interference measure on Modified Stroop Test, and psychomotor retardation in all patients. These correlations were also found in the younger group. There was no significant difference on frontal perfusion, interference measure of the Modified Stroop Test, and psychomotor retardation between the two groups. The present findings suggest that frontal hypoperfusion, frontal dysfunction, and psychomotor retardation were associated with one another in not only the old but also the young patients with depression.
Meta-Cure: A reliability enhancement strategy for metadata in NAND flash memory storage systems

The increasing density of NAND flash memory leads to a dramatic increase in the bit error rate of flash, which greatly reduces the ability of error correcting codes (ECC) to handle multi-bit errors. To ensure the functionality and reliability of flash memory, the pages containing address mapping information and other metadata should be carefully stored in flash memory. This paper presents Meta-Cure, a novel hardware and file system interface that transparently protects metadata in the presence of multi-bit faults. Meta-Cure exploits built-in ECC and replication in order to protect pages containing critical data. Redundant pairs are formed at run time and distributed to different physical pages to protect against failures. Meta-Cure requires no changes to the file system, on-chip hierarchy, or hardware implementation of flash memory chip. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can reduce uncorrectable page errors by 92% with less than 1% space overhead in comparison with conventional error correction techniques.
Predictive Factors in Intensive Math Course-Taking in High School

This article presents a study that investigated factors that distinguish high school students who completed at least one course beyond Algebra 2 from those who completed a course in Algebra 2 or less. The sample included a cohort of 11,909 high school seniors who participated in the Educational Longitudinal Study 2002–2004. Data were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression and results indicated that student expectations, parent aspirations, race, and socioeconomic status were among the most significant predictors. Implications for school counselors are discussed.
Prevalence of dyslipidemia in individuals physically active during childhood, adolescence and adult age.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increasing in many parts of Brazil, but it is yet unclear how much exercise is needed to attain beneficial effects on plasma lipoprotein levels. OBJECTIVE The study analyzed eight cities of the state of São Paulo, the association between the continued practice of physical exercise throughout life and the occurrence of dyslipidemia in adulthood. METHODS Cross-sectional study involving 2,720 adults, of both sexes, living in eight cities of the state of São Paulo. Through household interviews, the presence of dyslipidemia was self-reported and physical exercise practice was assessed in childhood (7-10 years), adolescence (11-17 years) and adulthood (leisure activities). In the statistical analysis, multivariate models were created using binary logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 12.2% (95%CI: 11.1% -13.5%) and there was no difference between cities (p = 0.443). Women (p = 0.001) and obese individuals (p = 0.001) had a higher rate of dyslipidemia. Current practice of physical exercise was not associated with the presence of dyslipidemia ([≥ 180 minutes per week] p = 0.165); however, physical exercise, both in childhood (p = 0.001) and adolescence (p = 0.001) was associated with a lower incidence of the disease. Physically active adults in all three stages of life were 65% less likely to report dyslipidemia (OR = 0.35 [0.15 to 0.78]). CONCLUSION The continued practice of physical exercise throughout life was associated with a lower incidence of dyslipidemia in adults in the State of São Paulo.
Factitious Psychological Disorders: The Overlooked Response Style in Forensic Evaluations

ABSTRACT Forensic psychologists face two formidable challenges in the assessment of feigned mental disorders, not only identifying bogus presentations but also determining their primary motivation. Regarding the type of motivation, factitious presentations are largely overshadowed in forensic assessments by malingering. The study addresses the diagnostic conundrums inherent in distinguishing factitial from malingered presentations. As the first analogue research, it examines two factitious conditions (i.e., dependent and demanding interpersonal styles) and a malingered disability case. Advanced doctoral students in psychology were used because of their sophisticated understanding. They were administered the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) via a simulation design. Contrary to expectations, few differences were found between factitial and malingering conditions on these measures. Of conceptual significance, results indicated that both factitious groups espoused an acute need for treatment. Of clinical relevance, the PAI Defensiveness Index produced moderate to large effect sizes between malingering and factitious presentations. Finally, the SIMS did not differentiate types of feigned condition, although a new index appears promising.
Computer simulations of particle-bubble interactions using discrete element method

Discrete Element Method computer simulations have been carried out to analyse the kinetics of collision of multiple particles against a central bubble whilst immersed in water. Two hundred particles, with diameters ranging between 24 and 66 mum, were randomly positioned within a maximum distance from the surface of a bubble of 2 mm in diameter. Initial particle velocities were random in direction and value and they followed Gaussian distributions with standard deviations of 1.0, 0.1 and 0.0. Two possible cases corresponding to relationships of the hydrophobic force with the distance between the particles and bubble have been analysed. In the first case the relationship had the form 1/d, whilst in the second case a relationship in the form 1/d2 was considered. The differences in the capture efficiency of the particles predicted by the two models were drastic. All particles were captured by the bubble in the first case for any distance smaller than 1 mm. However, only 60 % of the particles were captured in the second case even for distances smaller than 0.1 mm. This work provides simulation results that will aid in the future determination of a general hydrophobic force model, an approach of great importance to improve mineral separation using froth flotation.
Biomedical Study of Cancer Cells DNA Therapy Using Laser Irradiations at Presence of Intelligent Nanoparticles

DNA of human cancer cells proliferation depends on energy consumption [1-23]. High–level laser irradiations at presence of intelligent nanoparticles increase energy supply to the cells [24-53]. The aim of this editorial is to analyze whether the laser irradiations at presence of intelligent nanoparticles affect the parameters that characterize DNA of human cancer cells proliferation. Also, in the current editorial, laser irradiations at presence of intelligent nanoparticles prevent the proliferation of DNA of human cancer cells and might be a useful and impressive technique to enhance DNA of human healthy cells using Sigma– Aldrich Corporation clinics guidelines and protocols.
Sleep, Sleepiness, Fatigue, and Performance of 12-Hour-Shift Nurses

Nurses working 12-h shifts complain of fatigue and insufficient/poor-quality sleep. Objectively measured sleep times have not been often reported. This study describes sleep, sleepiness, fatigue, and neurobehavioral performance over three consecutive 12-h (day and night) shifts for hospital registered nurses. Sleep (actigraphy), sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale [KSS]), and vigilance (Performance Vigilance Task [PVT]), were measured serially in 80 registered nurses (RNs). Occupational fatigue (Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale [OFER]) was assessed at baseline. Sleep was short (mean 5.5 h) between shifts, with little difference between day shift (5.7 h) and night shift (5.4 h). Sleepiness scores were low overall (3 on a 1–9 scale, with higher score indicating greater sleepiness), with 45% of nurses having high level of sleepiness (score > 7) on at least one shift. Nurses were progressively sleepier each shift, and night nurses were sleepier toward the end of the shift compared to the beginning. There was extensive caffeine use, presumably to preserve or improve alertness. Fatigue was high in one-third of nurses, with intershift fatigue (not feeling recovered from previous shift at the start of the next shift) being most prominent. There were no statistically significant differences in mean reaction time between day/night shift, consecutive work shift, and time into shift. Lapsing was traitlike, with rare (39% of sample), moderate (53%), and frequent (8%) lapsers. Nurses accrue a considerable sleep debt while working successive 12-h shifts with accompanying fatigue and sleepiness. Certain nurses appear more vulnerable to sleep loss than others, as measured by attention lapses. (Author correspondence: jgeiger@son.umaryland.edu)
Characterization of nonattaching mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

The first step in tumor formation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the site-specific binding of the bacteria to plant host cells. Transposon mutants of the bacteria which fail to attach to carrot suspension culture cells were isolated. These mutants showed no significant attachment to carrot cells with either microscopic or viable cell count assays of bacterial binding. The nonattaching mutants were all avirulent. When revertants of the mutants were obtained by enriching for bacteria which do bind to carrot cells, the bacteria were found to have regained the ability to bind to carrot cells and virulence simultaneously. These results suggest that the ability of the bacteria to bind to plant cells is required for virulence. Like the parent strain, all of the nonattaching mutants synthesized cellulose, but unlike the parent strain, they failed to aggregate carrot suspension culture cells. The transposon Tn5, which was used to obtain the mutants, was located on a 12-kilobase EcoRI fragment of the bacterial chromosomal DNA in all of the nonattaching mutants from strain C58. That the mutant phenotype was due to the Tn5 insertion was shown by cloning the Tn5-containing DNA fragment from the mutant bacteria and using it to replace the wild-type fragment in the parent strain by marker exchange. The resulting bacteria had the same mutant phenotype as the original Tn5 mutants; they did not attach to carrot cells, they did not cause the aggregation of carrot cells, and they were avirulent. No difference was seen between the parent strain and the nonattaching mutants in hydrophobicity, motility, flagella, fimbriae, beta-2-glucan content, size of lipopolysaccharide, or ability of the lipopolysaccharide to inhibit bacterial attachment to tissue culture cells. Differences were seen between the parent strain and the nonattaching mutants in the polypeptides removed from the bacteria during the preparation of spheroplasts. Three of the mutants were lacking a polypeptide of about 34 kilodaltons (kDa). One mutant was lacking the 34-kDa polypeptide and another polypeptide of about 38 kDa. The fifth mutant was lacking a polypeptide slightly smaller than the 34-kDa polypeptide missing in the other four mutants. These missing polypeptides all reappeared in the revertants of the mutants. Thus, bacterial binding to plant cells appears to require the presence of these polypeptides.
Themes in Therapist and Counselor Development.

This study focused on therapist-counselor development. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with 100 participants served as the data-gathering method. Data from this study were first used to develop a stage model. Then, 20 themes of therapist-counselor development were extracted from the 120 pages of narrative stage data. The themes were extracted jointly by the two authors through a set of qualitative research procedures. These themes are described within the categories of primary characteristic themes, process descriptor themes, source of influence themes, and secondary characteristic themes. Professional development topics addressed include professional individuation, methods of renewal, conceptual orientation, measures of success, learning processes, boundary regulation, and impact of professional elders.
Growing Up in the Old Left: An Intergenerational Tale of Silence and Terror

This essay explores the intergenerational transmission of trauma that arises from political repression. Using mine and my family’s experiences of the witch hunts during the McCarthy era, I explore the psychic effects of the political terror and silencing that accompanied my growing up as a Red Diaper Baby and the profound internal shifts that occur when the social surround becomes a place of danger. I look at my family’s experience in the left during the 1950s and I consider the fear that couldn’t be registered, our unexpressed grief and loss, and the multiple contradictions against which our silence defended. Viewing my personal history through a psychoanalytic lens (e.g., Freud, Gerson, Butler, Puget), and considering a clinical example, I explore the ways the social surround of state-imposed terror during the 1950s was elaborated internally from my earliest years, shaping and shaped by my interpersonal experience and intrapsychic fantasy. I also consider the pre-McCarthy era family history that gave nuance to our experience in the 1950s and the emergence in my clinical work of my history of having been terrorized and silenced by the state. Finally, I briefly reflect on the interweaving of political repression and gendered silence.
Relation between Order of Completion and Performance on Timed Examinations

The relation between order of completion and test performance was examined. Subjects were 116 students in two upper-division psychology courses. Tests were timed and contained both objective and nonobjective items. Contrary to previous suggestions but consistent with prior empirical findings, there was neither a consistent linear nor curvilinear relation between order of completion and performance. In one class, middle finishers tended to score lower and to be more variable in performance than early and late finishers. Results are discussed in the context of previous research on the relation between time (or order) of completion and test performance.
Foreigners or multicultural citizens? Press media's construction of immigrants in South Korea

This paper examines the ways in which new immigrants to South Korea are portrayed and constructed in press media. The influx of labour and marriage migrants from Southeast Asia and China to South Korea since the early 1990s has been significant enough to cause national concerns about diversity and the country's future as a multiethnic society. Mainstream newspapers in South Korea have been a major shaper of the public opinion of diverse groups of immigrants whose presence is becoming increasingly visible in this country with a strong self-image as a mono-ethnic nation. The ways in which these new immigrants, typically lower class, are constructed in public discourses expose the nexus of citizenship, class and ethnicity. Using articles from two major South Korean newspapers between 1990 and 2008 as data, the analysis highlights the economic and historical contexts in which public discourses on new immigrants have been formed and transformed.
How parents home educate their children with an autism spectrum disorder with the support of the Schools of Isolated and Distance Education

Students with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often cannot access reliable mainstream inclusive practice that maximises their progress over time. In response to this, some parents have chosen to home educate their children. Limited research indicates that while parents find the experience beneficial for their child, there is a need for considerably more educational, social, financial support and respite. In relation to gaining appropriate support, a small number of families have managed to combine the home education of their children with an ASD with access to the services of the Schools of Isolated and Distance Education (SIDE). Little is known about this experience in the research literature. To address this deficit, the first part of this paper traces the establishment of a distance education provider in the State of Western Australia (WA). It outlines subsequent developments and describes the variety of students now catered for by SIDE inclusive of students at educational risk. The second part of the paper reports on the findings of a recent constructivist grounded theory study conducted in a metropolitan WA context that examined how parents from two families dealt with the home education of their children with an ASD with the support of SIDE.
Application of Skill Transfer in Robotic Surgery

The chair of Robotics and Embedded Systems at Technische Universitat Munchen has developed an experimental teleoperated robot system for minimally invasive surgery. In this scenario of robotic surgery, Skill Transfer from human demonstration to a machine, takes place in different subsequent steps. At first, user data is collected by means of two Phantom devices and the force sensors. With the help of these contrivances we can determine the position and orientation of the tool within the operation environment. If the tool gets in contact with the manipulated tissue or other objects in the environment, occurring forces are measured by strain gauges. By collecting this data over time, we get a complete description of the performed manipulation task. After that we smooth the acquired trajectory and decompose it into certain motion primitives. Later these skills can be replayed by context- sensitive instantiation.
Land-cover classification using multitemporal ERS-1/2 InSAR data

In this study the potential of ERS-1/2 Tandem InSAR data for land-cover classification was investigated at a 2500 km/sup 2/ study area around the Helsinki metropolitan area in Southern Finland. A time-series of 14 ERS-1/2 SAR Tandem image pairs was processed into 28 five-look intensity images, 14 Tandem coherence images and two coherence images with a longer temporal baseline (36 and 246 days). All image data was coregistered and orthorectified into map coordinates using an InSAR DEM. A two-stage hybrid classifier method was employed, where the water-class was classified separately in the first classifier stage, and the remaining classes were classified with an ISODATA classifier. Temporal averaging and Principal Components Transformation (PCT) were used to reduce the number of images fed into ISODATA. Classification accuracy was assessed using high-resolution aerial orthophotos, digital base maps and the Finnish National Forest Inventory (NFI). The overall accuracy for six classes (Field/Open Land, Dense Forest, Sparse Forest, Mixed Urban, Dense Urban, Water) was found to be 90% with kappa coefficient of 0.86. Interferometric coherence carries more land-cover related information than the backscattered intensity. This study confirms that the ERS-1/2 Tandem archives could be exploited for land-cover classification.