Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approximating the capacity of wireless multiple unicast networks by discrete superposition model

The discrete superposition model (DSM) is intended to approximate the capacity region of AWGN networks. Finding the capacity region in the DSM is simpler due to its discrete and deterministic properties. For unicast in relay networks and for the multi-user interference channel it has been shown that the capacity regions of the DSM and of the AWGN model are within a constant gap. We extend this result to multiple unicast in networks consisting of broadcast and multiple-access channels by using a recent result on polymatroidal networks. We show that the capacity regions of the two models are within a constant additive gap and a constant multiplicative gap.
The comparison between ultrasonography and 99mTc-DMSA renal scan in estimation of kidney size

Introduction: Renal length measurement is an important diagnostic clue in several urinary tract abnormalities. Although ultra sonography is the most frequent used modality for renal size estimation, renal diameter assessment by 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy is of great value. By now, pointing to the renal size in the 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy report has not been recommended by guidelines. If the validity of 99mTc-DMSA scan for renal size assessment would be established and reported in routine clinical practice, it might be more helpful for diagnostic purposes obviating further modality use in kidney diameter assessment. Methods:70 patients (25 males and 45 females) with the age range of 1 month to 78 years old (Mean ± SD = 18.1 ± 19.3) were included in the study. The longest axis diameter of each kidney was calculated by ultra sonography and planar 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy. The difference in renal size estimation between US and different projections of 99mTc-DMSA scan was assessed using generalized linear model repeated measurement, pair wise comparison in Post Hoc and Bland-Altman analysis. Results:16 (22.9%) reports were interpreted as normal study, while 54 patients had abnormality at least in one kidney. No significant difference was noticed between the kidney diameters in US as compared to the all views of 99mTc-DMSA scan. Only in the estimation of left kidney size using 99mTc-DMSA scan, there was significant difference between anterior and posterior oblique views as well as between lateral and posterior oblique views. Mean value of the differences (estimated bias) doesn't differ significantly from 0 on the basis of 1-sample t-test. Conclusion: 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy is an accurate method for renal length measurement with excellent agreement with ultra sonography. Kidney length can be easily measured as a routine processing procedure of a 99mTc-DMSA scan and not only used for more accurate interpretation of the images but also added to the final report as valuable incremental information.
Chinese Function Tag Labeling

Function tag assignment has been studied for English and Spanish. In this paper, we address the question of assigning function tags to parsed sentences in Chinese. We show that good performance for Chinese function tagging can be achieved by using labeling method, extending the work of Blaheta (2004). In this method, the objects being modeled are syntax trees which require some mechanism to convert them into feature vectors. To encode structural information of the complex inputs, we propose a set of new features. Experimental results show that these new features lead to significant improvements.
Thermal expansion measurement of gauge blocks

An instrument for the measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient near room temperature of gauge blocks and other samples of similar shape and size has been developed. The length dilation is measured by a differentia plane mirror interferometer. A special interference phase detection technique compensates for non-linearity errors caused by polarization mixing. In combination with an electronic phase meter this allows to achieve nanometer accuracy. Since the measurements are done in vacuum, no compensation for the refractive index of air has to be made. For samples with good thermal conductivity the slow heat exchange by thermal radiation allows for a small temperature gradient of the sample and a good stability in the thermal equilibrium. From the thermal expansion curve, measured in a temperature range typically between 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C, the linear and quadratic expansion coefficients are evaluated at 20 degrees C, the reference temperature for length. It is shown, that for the investigated gauge block materials the room temperature expansion can be very accurately described with two coefficients within a few parts in 109 per degree. A detailed analysis of the measurement uncertainty demonstrates the capability of the measurement instrument, which is confirmed by the results of an international comparison.
Neural Probes for Chronic Applications

Developed over approximately half a century, neural probe technology is now a mature technology in terms of its fabrication technology and serves as a practical alternative to the traditional microwires for extracellular recording. Through extensive exploration of fabrication methods, structural shapes, materials, and stimulation functionalities, neural probes are now denser, more functional and reliable. Thus, applications of neural probes are not limited to extracellular recording, brain-machine interface, and deep brain stimulation, but also include a wide range of new applications such as brain mapping, restoration of neuronal functions, and investigation of brain disorders. However, the biggest limitation of the current neural probe technology is chronic reliability; neural probes that record with high fidelity in acute settings often fail to function reliably in chronic settings. While chronic viability is imperative for both clinical uses and animal experiments, achieving one is a major technological challenge due to the chronic foreign body response to the implant. Thus, this review aims to outline the factors that potentially affect chronic recording in chronological order of implantation, summarize the methods proposed to minimize each factor, and provide a performance comparison of the neural probes developed for chronic applications.
Exposure to traumatic events, prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse in Aboriginal communities.

INTRODUCTION Generations of Aboriginal people have been exposed to strings of traumatic events with devastating psychosocial health consequences, including psychiatric morbidities and mortalities, and medical complications. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric morbidity directly linked to traumatic events. Despite research findings indicating traumatic exposure and resultant PTSD in Indigenous communities, little attention has been given to this condition in mental healthcare delivery. Consequently, clinical and psychosocial interventions are misguided and failed to deliver positive outcomes. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between exposure to traumatic events, prevalence of PTSD and alcohol abuse in remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia. METHODS A combination of structured clinical interview and multiple survey questionnaires - Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and Impact of Events Scale (IES), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Indigenous Trauma Profile (ITP) - were administered to 221 Indigenous participants aged 18 to 65 years. RESULTS The overwhelming majority, 97.3% (n=215) of participants were exposed to traumatic events. Analysis of CIDI results using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria shows a life time prevalence of 55.2% (n=122) for PTSD, 20% (n=44) for major depression (recurrent) and 2.3% (n=5) for a single episode. A total of 96% (n=212) participants reported consuming a drink containing alcohol and 73.8% (n=163) met diagnostic criteria for alcohol use related disorders, abuse and dependence. Of participants who met the PTSD diagnostic criteria, 91% (n=111) met diagnostic criteria for alcohol use related disorders. Other impacts of trauma such as other anxiety disorders, dysthymic disorder and substances abuses were also identified. CONCLUSION The rate of exposure to traumatic events and prevalence of PTSD are disproportionately higher in the communities studied than the national average and one of the highest recorded in survivors of specific traumatic events in the world. A very high rate of alcohol abuse and dependence in participants who met diagnostic criteria for PTSD demonstrates correlation between alcohol abuse and PTSD. It also suggests that alcohol is used as self-medication.
Radio emission and mass loss rate limits of four young solar-type stars

Observations of free-free continuum radio emission of four young main-sequence solar-type stars (EK Dra, Pi1 UMa, Chi1 Ori; and Kappa1 Cet) are studied to detect stellar winds or at least to place upper limits on their thermal radio emission, which is dominated by the ionized wind. These stars are excellent proxies for representing the young Sun. Upper limits on mass loss rates are calculated using their observational radio emission. Our aim is to re-examine the faint young Sun paradox by assuming that the young Sun was more massive in its past, and hence to find a possible solution for this famous problem. The observations of our sample are performed with the Karl G. Jansky VLA with excellent sensitivity, using the C-band and the Ku-band. ALMA observations are performed at 100 GHz. For the estimation of the mass loss limits, spherically symmetric winds and stationary, anisotropic, ionized winds are assumed. We compare our results to 1) mass loss rate estimates of theoretical rotational evolution models, and 2) to results of the indirect technique of determining mass loss rates: Lyman-alpha absorption. We are able to derive the most stringent direct upper limits on mass loss so far from radio observations. Two objects, EK Dra and Chi1 Ori, are detected at 6 and 14 GHz down to an excellent noise level. These stars are very active and additional radio emission identified as non-thermal emission was detected, but limits for the mass loss rates of these objects are still derived. The stars Pi1 UMa and Kappa1 Cet were not detected in either C-band or in Ku-band. For these objects we give upper limits to their radio free-free emission and calculate upper limits to their mass loss rates. Finally, we reproduce the evolution of the Sun and derive an estimate for the solar mass of the Sun at a younger age.
Estrogen, hormonal replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease

Purpose of reviewPremenopausal women have a lower risk and incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to age-matched men and this sex advantage for women gradually disappears after menopause, suggesting that sexual hormones play a cardioprotective role in women. However, randomized prospective primary or secondary prevention trials failed to confirm that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affords cardioprotection. This review highlights the factors that may contribute to this divergent outcome and could reveal why young or premenopausal women are protected from CVD and yet postmenopausal women do not benefit from HRT. Recent findingsIn addition to the two classical estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, a third, G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPR30, has been identified. New intracellular signaling pathways and actions for the cardiovascular protective properties of estrogen have been proposed. In addition, recent Women's Health Initiative (WHI) studies restricted to younger postmenopausal women showed that initiation of HRT closer to menopause reduced the risk of CVD. Moreover, dosage, duration, the type of estrogen and route of administration all merit consideration when determining the outcome of HRT. SummaryHRT has become one of the most controversial topics related to women's health. Future studies are necessary if we are to understand the divergent published findings regarding HRT and develop new therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life for women.
Efficiency of hyperelastic models for rubber-like materials

This paper focuses on the modeling of rubber-like material behaviour under several modes of deformation using hyperelastic constitutive equations. A procedure based on genetic algorithms coupled to classical optimisation methods is proposed to identify the parameters of the models upon experimental data given in the literature. This leads to the classification of nineteen models with respect to criteria related to their capability to predict material behaviour.
Relationship between dialogue acts and hot spots in meetings

We examine the relationship between hot spots (annotated in terms of involvement) and dialogue acts (DAs, annotated in an independent effort) in roughly 32 hours of speech data from naturally-occurring meetings. Results reveal that four independently-motivated involvement categories (non-involved, disagreeing, amused, and other) show statistically significant associations with particular DAs. Further examination shows that involvement is associated with contextual features (such as the speaker or type of meeting), as well as with lexical features (such as utterance length and perplexity). Finally, we found (surprisingly) that perplexities are similar for involved and non-involved utterances. This suggests that it may not be the amount of propositional content, but rather participants' attitudes toward that content, that differentiates hot spots from other regions in a meeting. Overall, these specific correlations, and their relationships to other features, such as perplexity, could provide useful information for the automatic archiving and browsing of natural meetings.
Species differences in male parental care in birds : A reexamination of correlates with paternity

Avian species differ markedly in the extent to which males contribute to pre- hatching and posthatching parental care. In a recent comparative study, Moller and Birkhead (1993) concluded that diversity in male parental care was associated with differences among species in extrapair paternity. Specifically, their results showed a significant inverse rela- tionship between extrapair paternity and male contributions to feeding of nestlings. We used a revised and updated data set in an attempt to replicate their study. In contrast to their results, we found no evidence that the evolution of male posthatching care was strongly cor- related with paternity. Instead, our results showed that male participation in incubation tends to be negatively associated with extrapair fertilization rates, thereby providing ten- tative support for Ketterson and Nolan's (1994) hypothesis that this particular form of pa- rental care may be especially restrictive to male extrapair mating activities. Received 15 Sep-
Engagement of Overexpressed Her2 with GEP100 Induces Autonomous Invasive Activities and Provides a Biomarker for Metastases of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Overexpression of Her2/ErbB2/Neu in cancer is often correlated with recurrent distant metastasis, although the mechanism still remains largely elusive. We have previously shown that EGFR, when tyrosine-phosphorylated, binds to GEP100/BRAG2 to activate Arf6, which induces cancer invasion and metastasis. We now show that overexpressed Her2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells also employs GEP100. Like EGFR-GEP100 binding, this association is primarily mediated by the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of GEP100 and Tyr1139/Tyr1196 of Her2. Tyr1139/Tyr1196 are autonomously phosphorylated, when Her2 is overexpressed. Accordingly, invasive activities mediated by the Her2-GEP100 pathway are not dependent on external factors. Blocking Her2-GEP100 binding, as well as its signaling pathway all inhibit cancer invasive activities. Moreover, our clinical study indicates that co-overexpression of Her2 with GEP100 in primary lung adenocarcinomas of patients is correlated with the presence of their node-metastasis with a statistical significance. Since the GEP100 PH domain interacts with both Her2 and EGFR, targeting this domain may provide novel cancer therapeutics.
Kidney transplantation in rats: An appraisal of surgical techniques and outcome

Renal transplantation in rats is an essential experimental tool in transplantation research. The surgical procedure per se could affect the outcome of an experiment, independent of the hypothesis addressed, therefore requiring a standardized method which should be comparable across studies. To date, however, there is little information on the optimal surgical technique. We performed a Medline search on original articles published between 1965–2001 in order to evaluate whether specific technical issues affecting the outcome of the procedure could be defined. Articles that reported on a novel microsurgical procedure, or whose main purpose was the outcome of a surgical technique itself, were included in the analysis. From 2,060 retrieved publications, 34 corresponded to the selection criteria (rats and microsurgery and technique and kidney or renal transplantation). Among the essential determining factors for a good outcome, body weight >200 g and warm ischemic time <30 min were identified. Other important factors were the techniques used for vascular (end‐to‐end and end‐to‐side procedure or sleeve technique) and ureteral (bladder patch or end‐to‐end procedure) anastomosis. Gender, animal strain, type of anesthesia, prophylactic administration of antibiotics, and type of flushing solution did not affect the success of renal allografts. In order to avoid a bias related to the surgical procedure in rat renal transplantation, a warm ischemia time <30 min in animals with a body weight >200 g seems to be essential. Also, end‐to‐end or end‐to‐side vascular anastomoses are preferable to the sleeve technique. Other factors do not influence the immediate function of the graft. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:387–394 2003
Thyroglobulin in lymph node fine-needle aspiration washout: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.

CONTEXT The thyroglobulin measurement in the needle washout after fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has been reported to increase the sensitivity of FNA in identifying lymph node (LN) metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of this technique. DATA SOURCES To identify eligible studies, we searched electronic databases for original articles in English from 1975 through 2013. STUDY SELECTION Studies that enrolled participants with suspicious neck LNs during thyroid nodule workup or thyroid cancer follow-up were included. DATA EXTRACTION Working independently, authors used a standard form to extract data. For quality assessment, QUADAS2 guidelines were applied. DATA SYNTHESIS Including all the selected studies (24 studies, 2865 LNs) in the pooled analysis, overall sensitivity was 95.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.7-96.0%), specificity was 94.5% (95% CI, 93.2-95.7%), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 338.91 (95% CI, 164.82-696.88) with significant heterogeneity (inconsistency [I(2)] = 65.7%; heterogeneity, P < . 001). Stratifying different populations and including only patients with thyroid gland (410 LNs), pooled sensitivity was 86.2% (95% CI, 80.9-90.5%), specificity was 90.2% (85.1-94.0%), and DOR was 56.621 (22.535-142.26; I(2) = 37.3%; heterogeneity, P = . 121). Including only patients after thyroidectomy (1007 LNs), pooled sensitivity was 96.9% (95% CI, 94.9-98.2%), specificity was 94.1% (91.7-96.0%), and DOR was 407.65 (198.67-836.46; I(2) = 0.0%; heterogeneity, P = . 673). CONCLUSIONS Thyroglobulin measurement in washout from LN FNA has high accuracy in early detection of nodal metastases from DTC. The technique is simple, but a better standardization of criteria for patient selection, analytical methods, and cutoff levels is required.
A temporal model for early vision that explains detection thresholds for light pulses on flickering backgrounds

A model is presented for the early (retinal) stages of temporal processing of light inputs in the visual system. The model consists of a sequence of three adaptation processes, with two instantaneous nonlinearities in between. The three adaptation processes are, in order of processing of the light input: a divisive light adaptation, a subtractive light adaptation, and a contrast gain control. Divisive light adaptation is modeled by two gain controls. The first of these is a fast feedback loop with square-root behavior, the second a slow feedback loop with logarithm-like behavior. This can explain several aspects of the temporal behavior of photoreceptor outputs. Subtractive light adaptation is modeled by a high-pass filter equivalent to a fractional differentiation, and it can explain the attenuation of low frequencies observed in ganglion cell responses. Contrast gain control in the model is fast (Victor, 1987), and can explain the decreased detectability of test signals that are superimposed on dynamic backgrounds. We determine psychophysical detection thresholds for brief test pulses that are presented on flickering backgrounds, for a wide range of temporal modulation frequencies of these backgrounds. The model can explain the psychophysical data for the full range of modulation frequencies tested, as well as detection thresholds obtained for test pulses on backgrounds with increment and decrement steps in intensity.
Comprehensive pyrosequencing analysis of the bacterial microbiota of the skin of patients with seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory dermatologic condition in which erythema and itching develop on areas of the body with sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, face and chest. The inflammation is evoked directly by oleic acid, which is hydrolyzed from sebum by lipases secreted by skin microorganisms. Although the skin fungal genus, Malassezia, is thought to be the causative agent of SD, analysis of the bacterial microbiota of skin samples of patients with SD is necessary to clarify any association with Malassezia because the skin microbiota comprises diverse bacterial and fungal genera. In the present study, bacterial microbiotas were analyzed at non‐lesional and lesional sites of 24 patients with SD by pyrosequencing and qPCR. Principal coordinate analysis revealed clear separation between the microbiota of non‐lesional and lesional sites. Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Propionibacterium were abundant at both sites. Propionibacterium was abundant at non‐lesional sites, whereas Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus predominated at lesional sites; however, the extent of Propionibacterium colonization did not differ significantly between lesional and non‐lesional sites according to qPCR. Given that these abundant bacteria hydrolyze sebum, they may also contribute to SD development. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of the bacterial microbiotas of the skin of SD patients.