Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microarray Analysis in Drug Discovery and Biomarker Identification

Microarrays play important roles in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery. In the Premicroarray era, scientists used to study one gene at a time. This approach is costly and time consuming. Quite often, many genes that interact with each other would be ignored. Therefore, the discovery of candidate drug targets is challenging, requiring the rapid development of techniques to identify the difference genomic profiling in disease and normal conditions, which will facilitate the understanding of the disease mechanism and the development of potential drugs for disease treatment.
Real hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces and uniqueness of complex structure

There exists a real hereditarily indecomposable Banach space $X$ such that the quotient space $L(X)/S(X)$ by strictly singular operators is isomorphic to the complex field (resp. to the quaternionic division algebra). Up to isomorphism, the example with complex quotient space has exactly two complex structures, which are conjugate, totally incomparable, and both hereditarily indecomposable. So there exist two Banach spaces which are isometric as real spaces but totally incomparable as complex spaces. This extends results of J. Bourgain and S. Szarek from 1986. The quaternionic example, on the other hand, has unique complex structure up to isomorphism; there also exists a space with an unconditional basis, non isomorphic to $l_2$, which admits a unique complex structure. These two examples answer a question of Szarek.
Biological consequences of the replacement of choline by ethanolamine in the cell wall of Pneumococcus: chanin formation, loss of transformability, and loss of autolysis.

Choline covalently linked to a macromolecular substance-polysaccharide teichoic acid-is a component of pneumococcal cell walls. ' polymer-bound choline seems essential for the normal functioning of the cell since removal of choline from the medium results in the cessation of growth. It has been observed that normal cellular incorporation of choline is nec-essary for the acquisition of the "competent" state2 in which these bacteria can absorb DNA molecules from the environment and undergo genetic transformation.
Evidence from the Historical Record to Support Projection of Future Wind Regimes: An Application to Canada

ABSTRACT In the field of climate change impact analysis, bidirectional changes in projections of future wind regimes varying among studies, locations, and models have been described in the literature, which is understandable from a global perspective. However, we should attempt to find evidence in the historical record to support these projections. This paper attempts to address this issue by analyzing historical wind gust observations for up to 57 years (1953–2009) over Canada. Two wind gust analysis techniques were used: the speed of daily wind gust events ≥50 km h−1 was compared with (1) the climatological daily temperature anomaly and (2) the climatological daily sea level air pressure anomaly. In addition, the frequency of daily wind gust events ≥90 km h−1 was compared with both daily temperature and pressure anomalies. The results indicate that during the past five decades gust wind speed over Canada increased significantly as the daily temperature anomaly increased and the daily pressure anomaly decreased. About 50–60% of daily wind gust events ≥90 km h−1 occurred with positive daily temperature anomalies and negative daily pressure anomalies. One major conclusion is that the methods used in and results derived from this study might be applied to climate change impact analysis to support projections of future wind regimes.
Family resemblance: Ten family members with prosopagnosia and within-class object agnosia

We report on neuropsychological testing done with a family in which many members reported severe face recognition impairments. These 10 individuals were high functioning in everyday life and performed normally on tests of low-level vision and high-level cognition. In contrast, they showed clear deficits with tests requiring face memory and judgements of facial similarity. They did not show deficits with all aspects of higher level visual processing as all tested performed normally on a challenging facial emotion recognition task and on a global–local letter identification task. On object memory tasks requiring recognition of particular cars and guns, they showed significant deficits so their recognition impairments were not restricted to facial identity. These results strongly suggest the existence of a genetic condition leading to a selective deficit of visual recognition.
Effect of Irrigation Water Quality Under Supplementary Irrigation on Soil Chemical and Physical Properties in the “Southern Humid Pampas” of Argentina

Summary Salinity and sodicity were quantified at five locations irrigated with central pivots and different water qualities in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province. Changes in electrical conductivity (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SARe) of saturated soil extract were determined from soil cores collected to a depth of 0.6 m between 1996 and 1998. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was measured with disk in-filtrometers. Soil from one location, Balcarce, was treated with synthetic waters to obtain variable levels of SARe. Laboratory studies on optical transmission (OT), aggregate percentage (AP), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were performed. Infiltration of rainfall caused a substantial dilution of salt concentration. Changes in sodicity were persistent, but tended to stabilize between SARe = 5 to SARe = 7. When irrigation was discontinued for a year and 1129 mm of rainfall leached the soil, the SARe value decreased from 5.3 to 1.8. Ks showed a threshold at exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 5. The results from the Ks laboratory experiment were non-consistent with field estimation of Ks using disk infiltrometers.
PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES

8,951 or 17.2% of the 51, 897 youths investigated got psychiatric diagnoses. 12.3% of social group i, 13.3%. of social group IT and 18.4% of social group I11 have been given psychiatric diagnoses (C.C. 0.073). Childhood environment as seen in terms of town, smaller community and country shews that 17.9% (C.C. 0.039) of those who grew up in towns have psychiatric diagnoses, compared with 16.2% in smaller communities and 14.6% of those who grew up in the country. Records of residential environment current at the time of enlistment procedures shews that of the youths dwelling in the three largest cities, Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malnite, 19.5% had psychiatric diagnoses. Whereas the figures are 16.9% for those living in other cities, 14.4% for those who lived in smaller communities and 14.0% in the countryside (C.C. 0,053). The frequency of psychiatric diagnoses varies according to the marital status (fig. 99 a) of these 18 year olds (C.C. 0.064). Thus we find that the greatest number of psychiatric diagnoses are to be found amongst those who have managed to get married, 28,8%, or engaged, 27.9%, compared with only 16.0% of the unattached. Psychical function is a personality concept which is clearly connected with psychiatric diagnoses (C.C. 0.615) and constitutes, like other observations, a confirmation of the association between psychQlogica1 evaluation and psychiatric diagnostics (fig. 99 b). From the lowest evaluation on the 5-grade scale of psychical function, where 94.4% have received psychiatric diagnoses,
Effect of non-crop vegetation types on conservation biological control of pests in olive groves

Conservation biological control (CBC) is an environmentally sound potential alternative to the use of chemical insecticides. It involves modifications of the environment to promote natural enemy activity on pests. Despite many CBC studies increasing abundance of natural enemies, there are far fewer demonstrations of reduced pest density and very little work has been conducted in olive crops. In this study we investigated the effects of four forms of non-crop vegetation on the abundance of two important pests: the olive psyllid (Euphyllura olivina) and the olive moth (Prays oleae). Areas of herbaceous vegetation and areas of woody vegetation near olive crops, and smaller patches of woody vegetation within olive groves, decreased pest abundance in the crop. Inter-row ground covers that are known to increase the abundance of some predators and parasitoids had no effect on the pests, possibly as a result of lack of synchrony between pests and natural enemies, lack of specificity or intra-guild predation. This study identifies examples of the right types of diversity for use in conservation biological control in olive production systems.
The role of peat in assuring the quality of growing media

SUMMARY Producers and users of growing media are exposed to high risk if significant quantities of potentially unsuitable ingredients are included in the product. Combined with economic reasoning, this dictates that the constituents of growing media should possess as many suitable characteristics as possible. Sphagnum peat has been the most important growing medium constituent for many decades because its properties are the best available. The use of other organic and mineral-organic materials is being forced ahead by research and development against a background of public favour for peat replacement, recycling and re-use of biodegradable waste. Considerably more resources have been invested in the testing of peat alternatives than in peat itself during recent years, and the utility of a large number of alternatives has been assessed. Most candidate materials are only slightly or not at all suitable for use in growing media. The exceptions are composts, wood fibre products, bark and composted bark, and coir. These have become established, to a greater or lesser degree, as reliable substrate constituents. Their manufacture, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. A continuing need for peat as a constituent of growing media, at least for dilution purposes, is foreseen. Thus, increased imports of peat and growing media to countries with intensive or expanding commercial horticulture and inadequate domestic peat reserves are to be expected in the future.
Synchronous Colorectal Carcinoma: A Risk Factor in Colorectal Cancer Surgery

BACKGROUND: Synchronous colorectal carcinoma occurs in 1% to 8% of cases. There are little data on the impact of synchronous colorectal cancer on surgical treatment and short-term postoperative outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of synchronous colorectal carcinoma and their influence on short-term postoperative outcomes in comparison with solitary colorectal carcinoma. DESIGN: This was a population-based observational study. Patient and tumor characteristics, treatment patterns, and postoperative outcomes are described for patients with a solitary and synchronous colorectal carcinoma separately. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between synchronous colorectal carcinoma and postoperative complications in comparison with a solitary colorectal carcinoma. SETTINGS: The study included in-hospital registration for the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit. PATIENTS: Patients were those with primary colorectal carcinoma from 2009 to 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severe postoperative complications, reinterventions, and 30-day mortality were measured. RESULTS: Of 25,413 patients with colorectal cancer, 884 (3.5%) had synchronous colorectal tumors. Patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma were older and more often of male sex compared with patients with solitary colorectal carcinoma. In ≥35% of cases, an extended surgical procedure was conducted (n = 310). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, synchronous colorectal carcinoma was associated with a higher risk of severe postoperative complications (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20–1.63) and reinterventions (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.14–1.65) compared with solitary colorectal carcinoma but not with higher 30-day mortality (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.96–1.88). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the data being self-reported. Case-mix adjustment was limited to information available in the data set, and no long-term outcome data were available. CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous colorectal carcinomas are prevalent in 3.5% of patients and require a different treatment strategy in comparison with solitary colorectal carcinoma. Postoperative outcomes are unfavorable, most likely because of extensive surgery.
SAGE II stratospheric density and temperature retrieval experiment

This paper describes a stratospheric density and temperature retrieval experiment based on the solar occultation measurement of the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II). The entire retrieval analysis involves two inversion steps: the vertical structure inversion, which derives the profile of local atmospheric extinction from SAGE II limb optical depth data, and the species inversion, which inverts the concentration of air molecules, aerosols, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide from the derived atmospheric extinction at five SAGE II short wavelengths (0.385, 0.448, 0.453, 0,525, and 0.600 μm). The inversion schemes for these steps are Twomey's (1975) modification of Chahine's nonlinear inversion algorithm and the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares method, respectively. The derived density profile is then used to infer the temperature distribution, assuming that the atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium and obeys the ideal gas law. The retrieval analysis is illustrated in detail by using a SAGE II measurement event that occurred on September 15, 1987 (43.6°N, 4.1°W). An estimate of the error associated with the retrieved molecular density and temperature profiles based on the propagation of the instrument measurement error, the reference altitude error, and an assigned 10% error to the pressure at the top measurement level is also provided. The temperature profiles retrieved from the SAGE II observations are compared with near-coincident, in both time and space, French Rayleigh lidar and NASA Wallops Flight Facility rocket datasonde soundings as well as the National Meteorological Center (NMC) data analyses. The results indicate that the mean SAGE II temperature agrees with the mean lidar measurement to within 2°C at altitudes from 30.5 to 52.5 km. The SAGE II and datasonde observations agree to within about 4°C in approximately the same altitude region. The mean temperature difference between the SAGE II and NMC analyses are, on average, about 1°, 4°, 2°, and 3°C at the standard pressure levels of 10, 5, 2, and 1 mbar, respectively.
Objects Do Not Predict Fixations Better than Early Saliency: a Re-analysis of Einhäuser Et Al.'s Data

Einhäuser, Spain, and Perona (2008) explored an alternative hypothesis to saliency maps (i.e., spatial image outliers) and claimed that ''objects predict fixations better than early saliency. '' To test their hypothesis, they measured eye movements of human observers while they inspected 93 photographs of common natural scenes (Uncommon Places dataset by Shore, Tillman, & Schmidt-Wulen 2004; Supplement Figure S4). Subjects were asked to observe an image and, immediately afterwards, to name objects they saw (remembered). Einhäuser et al. showed that a map made of manually drawn object regions, each object weighted by its recall frequency, predicts fixations in individual images better than early saliency. Due to important implications of this hypothesis, we investigate it further. The core of our analysis is explained here. Please refer to the Supplement for details.
Sauces : Classical and Contemporary Sauce Making

A Short History of Sauce Making. Equipment. Ingredients. Stocks, Glaces, and Essences. Liaisons: An Overview. White Sauces for Meat and Vegetables. Brown Sauces. Stock--Based and Nonintegral Fish Sauces. Integral Meat Sauces. Integral Fish and Shellfish Sauces. Crustacean Sauces. Jellies and Chauds--Froids. Hot Emulsified Egg--Yolk Sauces. Mayonnaise--Based Sauces. Butter Sauces. Salad Sauces, Vinaigrettes, Salsas, and Relishes. Purees and Puree--Thickened Sauces. Pasta Sauces. Asian Sauces. Dessert Sauces. Appendix. Glossary. Sources. Purveyors. Bibliography. Index.
Geochemical studies of rocks, water, and gases at Mt. Hood, Oregon

Mr. Hood, a composite andesitic volcano, located near Portland, Oregon, is one of several large eruptive centers which dominate the Cascade Mountains of the western United States. As part of a program of geologic, geophysical and geochemical studies to examine Mt. Hood's geothermal resource potential, samples of warm-and cold-spring water, water from a geothermal test well in Old Maid Flat, fumarolic gases, and rocks were collected and analyzed for major chemical constituents and trace elements. The only warm-spring area on Mt. Hood is Swim Springs, located on the south flank. Orifices at Swim were sampled repeatedly with little overall change noted in water chemistry between summer and winter. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data and mixing calculations based on analyses of Swim Springs and numerous cold springs, indicate that a large component of the warm water at Swim is from near-surface runoff. Chemical geothermometry suggests that temperatures at depth in the Swim Springs system are within the range 104 to 170/sup 0/C; the temperature of unmixed hot water may exceed 200/sup 0/C. Higher-than-background chloride contents and specific conductances of cold springs on the south flank of the mountain suggest that there is a small component of thermal water in these sources.more » A geothermal model of Mt. Hood is proposed wherein snow- and glacier-melt water near the summit comes in close promimity to the hot central neck of the mountain, manifested by the summit-crater fumaroles.Iridium was detected in warm and cold spring waters and in a sample of altered andesite. « less
Late Quaternary Sea-Level Change in South Africa

Abstract A Late Quaternary sea-level curve for South Africa is presented on the basis of new and published data from a range of sea level indicators and a variety of locations. Available evidence suggests that sea level in South Africa broadly follows that described from the Caribbean but that deviations occur during sea-level highstands. During the last interglaciation (oxygen isotope stage 5) and the late Holocene, coastal emergence produced higher sea levels in South Africa than those identified in the Caribbean during the same time intervals. This is tentatively ascribed to predicted lithospheric deformation in continental margin settings.
LOCALIZATION OF THE NUMBER OF PHOTONS OF GROUND STATES IN NONRELATIVISTIC QED

One electron system minimally coupled to a quantized radiation field is considered. It is assumed that the quantized radiation field is massless, and no infrared cutoff is imposed. The Hamiltonian, H, of this system is defined as a self-adjoint operator acting on L2 (ℝ3) ⊗ ℱ ≅ L2 (ℝ3; ℱ), where ℱ is the Boson Fock space over L2 (ℝ3 × {1, 2}). It is shown that the ground state, ψg, of H belongs to , where N denotes the number operator of ℱ. Moreover, it is shown that for almost every electron position variable x ∈ ℝ3 and for arbitrary k ≥ 0, ‖(1 ⊗ Nk/2) ψg (x)‖ℱ ≤ Dk e-δ|x|m+1 with some constants m ≥ 0, Dk > 0, and δ > 0 independent of k. In particular for 0 < β < δ/2 is obtained.
Endoscopic ultrasound–guided biopsy for the diagnosis of focal lesions of the spleen

OBJECTIVES:Needle biopsy of splenic lesions using computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) is difficult if the size of the lesion is small. It may be dangerous if the lesion is adjacent to the splenic hilum or located peripherally. We used endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) to elucidate the tissue diagnosis of splenic abnormalities.METHODS:EUS-FNA was performed in 12 patients when US- or CT-guided biopsy was inconclusive (n = 5), was not attempted because of small tumor size (0.9–1.4 cm; n = 4), or was considered dangerous (n = 3). A linear echo-endoscope and 22-gauge needles were used for cytology and bacteriology.RESULTS:The age of the patients was 19–68 yr (median 32 yr). Seven patients were male and five female. The size of the lesions was 0.8–4.2 cm (median 1.4 cm). Cytology was inadequate in one patient. Bacteriology was positive for Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia in one patient each, and cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in two patients. A positive diagnosis was made in 10 of 12 patients (83%). Final diagnoses were tuberculosis in two patients, Hodgkin's disease in two, sarcoidosis in two, abscesses in two, metastatic colon cancer in one, and infarction in one. Suspected recurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was not confirmed in one case. One patient experienced pain after puncture, but no hematoma was demonstrated on subsequent US examination.CONCLUSIONS:EUS-FNA cytodiagnosis in patients with unknown splenic lesions seems feasible, even in very small foci, when CT- or US-guided biopsy fails. Additional material for bacteriology may show benign treatable diseases such as abscesses or tuberculosis.
Indigenous knowledge and ecotourism based livelihoods in the Okavango Delta in Botswana

The objective of this study is to examine the use of indigenous knowledge in the promotion of ecotourism based livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Theoretically, the paper uses the concepts of indigenous knowledge and sustainable livelihoods to address the following questions: a) what is the link between indigenous knowledge and promotion of ecotourism-based livelihoods? and, b) how effective is indigenous knowledge in promoting ecotourism livelihoods in the Okavango Delta? Results from primary and secondary data sources indicate that communities such as the Wayei of Seronga and other surrounding villages like Ditshiping use their traditional knowledge of the river waterways to transport tourists in mekoro (dug-out canoe). The Hambukushu and Wayei in Etsha 6, Gumare, Shakawe, Shorobe and Maun produce baskets for sale to tourists. Basket production and mekoro safaris are some of the ways rural communities aim at using their local knowledge to benefit from the growing tourism industry in the Okavango Delta. This promotes the development of ecotourism-based livelihoods in the Okavango Delta.
Detection and characterization of mango malformation and its causal agent in Spain

During the last years, Fusarium strains have been isolated from shoots and inflorescences of mango trees affected with floral and vegetative malformation in different orchards from the Axarquía region (south of Spain), highlighting the identification of Fusarium mangiferae. With the aim of elucidate epidemiological aspects and design more efficient control strategies, population diversity among the strains of F. mangiferae associated with MMD in Spain was determined by ap-PCR, RAPD-PCR, vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) and mating type analyses. Three different VCGs were found among the Fusarium mangiferae Spanish isolates, two of them showing similar ap–PCR and RAPD profiles. PCR with primers specific for the mating type (MAT) alleles resulted in amplification of the MAT-2 allele fragment among the majority of the isolates, there being only two isolates MAT-1. This population diversity suggests at least three possible independent introductions of the pathogen into the Axarquía region.
Spatio-temporal aggregation using sketches

Several spatio-temporal applications require the retrieval of summarized information about moving objects that lie in a query region during a query interval (e.g., the number of mobile users covered by a cell, traffic volume in a district, etc.). Existing solutions have the distinct counting problem: if an object remains in the query region for several timestamps during the query interval, it will be counted multiple times in the result. We solve this problem by integrating spatio-temporal indexes with sketches, traditionally used for approximate query processing. The proposed techniques can also be applied to reduce the space requirements of conventional spatio-temporal data and to mine spatio-temporal association rules.