Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell death, perfusion and electrical parameters are critical in models of hepatic radiofrequency ablation

Abstract Purpose: A sensitivity analysis has been performed on a mathematical model of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the liver. The purpose of this is to identify the most important parameters in the model, defined as those that produce the largest changes in the prediction. This is important in understanding the role of uncertainty and when comparing the model predictions to experimental data. Materials and methods: The Morris method was chosen to perform the sensitivity analysis because it is ideal for models with many parameters or that take a significant length of time to obtain solutions. A comprehensive literature review was performed to obtain ranges over which the model parameters are expected to vary, crucial input information. Results: The most important parameters in predicting the ablation zone size in our model of RFA are those representing the blood perfusion, electrical conductivity and the cell death model. The size of the 50 °C isotherm is sensitive to the electrical properties of tissue while the heat source is active, and to the thermal parameters during cooling. Conclusions: The parameter ranges chosen for the sensitivity analysis are believed to represent all that is currently known about their values in combination. The Morris method is able to compute global parameter sensitivities taking into account the interaction of all parameters, something that has not been done before. Research is needed to better understand the uncertainties in the cell death, electrical conductivity and perfusion models, but the other parameters are only of second order, providing a significant simplification.
Perceived Color Impression for Spatially Mixed Colors

Display devices adopt multiprimary pixels to represent chromatic images, and the individual primary pixels are discernible dimly within a certain range of spatial frequency. We systematically investigate the color impression of spatially mixed patterns of two colors from a barely discernible distance and show that the color impression differs greatly from their physically averaged colorimetric color. A large degree of luminance-enhanced perception is observed in all mixed color patterns, and significant chromatically enhanced perception occurs in the test of mixed monochromatic patterns. The color-enhanced perception inversely depends on spatial frequency and is not detected at all when the spatial frequency is more than 50 cycles per degree. However, when the patterns have excessively low spatial frequency, causing the pattern shape to be clearly recognized instead of being perceived as coarsely mixed color, the color-enhanced perception is suppressed. The strength of color-enhanced perception also depends on the contrast and width ratio between two colors, as well as hue value.
An empirical investigation into CDMA network traffic classification based on feature selection

With the rapid development of CDMA systems, mobile network based applications have been undergone a tremendous growth in the past several years. The ability to accurately classify network traffic is of critical importance to the network design, troubleshooting, performance evaluation, and optimization. In this paper, we explore the design of an accurate and scalable machine learning (ML) based traffic classification system upon correlation-based feature selection (CFS) methods. With extensive data collected from a Tier 1 production cellular network, we experimentally show that our proposal achieves a high classification accuracy and low computational complexity.
Relative fatigue life estimation of cylindrical hollow rollers in general pure rolling contact

Solid and hollow cylindrical rollers in pure rolling contact have been modelled. The two rollers are subjected to a combined normal and tangential loading. The tangential loading is one-third of the normal loading value. The finite element package, ABAQUS, is used to study the stress distribution and the resulting deformations in the bodies of the rollers. Then the Ioannides–Harris fatigue life model for rolling bearings is applied on the ABAQUS numerical results to investigate the fatigue life of the solid and hollow rollers. Using the fatigue life of the solid rollers as the reference fatigue life, the relative fatigue lives of hollow rollers are determined. Four main different hollowness percentages are been studied: 20, 40, 60 and 80%. The hollowness percentage is the ratio of the diameter of the hole to the outer diameter of the cylinder. For each of those hollowness percentages, two cases are studied – when the two rollers in contact are hollow and when one hollow roller is in contact with a solid roller. This study includes two main models: Model 1, where the two cylindrical rollers in contact are of the same size, and Model 2, where the two rollers in contact are not of the same size. The estimated relative fatigue lives of hollow rollers showed a great improvement of the fatigue life compared with solid rollers under the same loading conditions. This was a result of the redistribution of stresses in the contact zone in the case of hollow rollers. Redistribution of stresses over a larger volume of the roller body decreased the peak stress and reduced the volume under risk. Increasing the hollowness percentage from 20 to 60% increased the flexibility of the roller, and better stress distribution was achieved, which resulted in improving the fatigue life. Although 80% of hollowness rollers have more flexibility than 60% of hollowness rollers, the bending stresses (σb) on the inner surface of the rollers tend to decrease the fatigue life. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Hybrid Genetic and Particle Swarm Algorithm for Service Composition

Web Service Composition (WSC) has become a hotspot in recent research. Current solutions focus on ontology information representation and ontology based web service matching, which lacks flexibility. From simulation of human cognision, this paper proposed a hybrid Genetic Particle Swarm Algorithm (GPSA) to solve the problem of WSC, which is a Multi-Objective Problem (MOP). Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to search throughout the problem space, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to enhance local search ability. PSO can reduce the calculation cost by trimming useless braches. Feedback information is used to decide how to balance GA and PSO, which means how to balance global and local optimization. Experiments show that GPSA can solve WSC Problem (WSCP) and balance between global and local optimization.
Correlation between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and fundus autofluorescence in primary open-angle glaucoma

Purpose To investigate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and retinal pigment epithelium alterations in patients with advanced glaucomatous visual field defects. Methods A consecutive, prospective series of 82 study eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma and advanced glaucomatous visual field defects were included in this study. All study participants underwent a full ophthalmic examination followed by visual field testing with standard automated perimetry as well as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for peripapillary RNFL thickness and Optos wide-field fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images. A pattern grid with corresponding locations between functional visual field sectors and structural peripapillary RNFL thickness was aligned to the FAF images at corresponding location. Mean FAF intensity (range: 0 = black and 255 = white) of each evaluated sector (superotemporal, temporal, inferotemporal, inferonasal, nasal, superonasal) was correlated with the corresponding peripapillary RNFL thickness obtained with SD-OCT. Results Correlation analyses between sectoral RNFL thickness and standardized FAF intensity in the corresponding topographic retina segments revealed partly significant correlations with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.004 and 0.376 and were statistically significant in the temporal inferior central field (r = 0.324, P = 0.036) and the nasal field (r = 0.376, P = 0.014). Conclusion Retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities correlate with corresponding peripapillary RNFL damage, especially in the temporal inferior sector of patients with advanced glaucomatous visual field defects. A further evaluation of FAF as a potential predictive parameter for glaucomatous damage is necessary.
Refractive Errors of Medical Students in Turkey: One Year Follow-Up of Refraction and Biometry

Purpose. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Turkish medical students as well as to determine the change in refractive status of medical students within 1 year. Besides general refractive characteristics of the students, the possible relationship between the occurrence of myopia and several factors was also determined. Methods. Two hundred and seven medical students (114 female/93 male) were checked for their refractive status as determined by cycloplegic autorefraction. In addition to keratometric and biometric measurements students also answered a detailed questionnaire. One year later, medical students who participated to the study were re-examined. Results. Myopia occurred in 32.9% of medical students with low myopia (spherical equivalent between −0.75 diopters [D] and −2.99 D) being the most common type (81%). The frequency of myopia was not significantly different between female and male medical students (37.7 and 26.8%, respectively; p = 0.13). Adult onset myopia (onset at age 18 years or older) comprised 14.7% of all myopia cases. Myopic students were significantly more likely to report parental myopia. The percentage of myopes and nonmyopes reporting having one or two myopic parents was 51.5 and 28.8%, respectively (p = 0.002). Parental myopia was also an independent risk factor associated with the occurrence of myopia on multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.98–6.87). Nonmyopes also reported a significantly higher prevalence of outdoor activity before and at age seven (68.4%) than did myopes (48.6%), (p = 0.009). Outdoor activity during early childhood was found to be protective for myopia on multivariate analysis (OR = 0.44, %95 CI = 0.23–0.82). There was no significant difference between myopes and nonmyopes with respect to amount of close-up activity. No significant shift of refraction occurred within 1 year. Conclusions. About one-third of Turkish medical students had myopia. Parental myopia was more common among myopic students and was a risk factor for the occurrence of myopia suggesting a familial predisposition. Outdoor activity in early childhood has had a protective role against the development of myopia in this study sample.
Fertility-Sparing Treatment of Early Endometrial Cancer and Complex Atypical Hyperplasia in Young Women of Childbearing Potential

Objective To evaluate oncologic and reproductive outcome with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in women with grade 1 endometrial carcinoma, and the levonorgestrel monotherapy in women with complex atypical hyperplasia. Materials/Methods A prospective study was conducted. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of 70 patients younger than 42 years (mean age, 33 years) with a diagnosis of complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) or grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma who were treated with hormonal therapy at the Division of Gynecologic Oncology of P.A. Hertsen Moscow Cancer Research Institute from February 2009 to December 2012. Patients with complex AEH received monotherapy with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena, Shering, Finland; 52 mg). Patients with a diagnosis of grade 1 endometrial cancer were treated with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (Zoladex; AstraZeneca UK Limited, UK; 3.6-mg depot). All the patients received hormonal therapy for a minimum of 6 months. Pretreatment evaluation consisted of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound in grayscale, color Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, cervical hysteroscopy, Pipelle endometrial biopsy, and morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tissue. Results Seventy patients were included in study analyses. Twenty three (72%) of 32 patients with adenocarcinoma and 35 (92%) of 38 patients with AEH had complete remission, defined as the absence of any carcinoma or hyperplasia on endometrial sampling specimens. Among these cases, 2 patients with adenocarcinoma and 1 patient with AEH had recurrence after their complete response. Nine patients had persistent disease. Eight patients had 10 conceptions, resulting in 8 live births. Conclusions The suggested conservative treatment strategy can be considered as a valid therapeutic option for young women of childbearing potential with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma who wish to preserve their fertility and thus may be recommended as an alternative to hysterectomy. Close follow-up during and after the treatment period is strictly required.
Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming

Significance One of the greatest challenges in projecting future shifts in the global climate is understanding how soil respiration rates will change with warming. Multiple experimental warming studies have explored this response, but no consensus has been reached. Based on a global synthesis of 27 experimental warming studies spanning nine biomes, we find that although warming increases soil respiration rates, there is limited evidence for a shifting respiration response with experimental warming. We also note a universal decline in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at soil temperatures >25 °C. Together, our data indicate that future respiration rates are likely to follow the current temperature response function, but higher latitudes will be more responsive to warmer temperatures. The respiratory release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from soil is a major yet poorly understood flux in the global carbon cycle. Climatic warming is hypothesized to increase rates of soil respiration, potentially fueling further increases in global temperatures. However, despite considerable scientific attention in recent decades, the overall response of soil respiration to anticipated climatic warming remains unclear. We synthesize the largest global dataset to date of soil respiration, moisture, and temperature measurements, totaling >3,800 observations representing 27 temperature manipulation studies, spanning nine biomes and over 2 decades of warming. Our analysis reveals no significant differences in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration between control and warmed plots in all biomes, with the exception of deserts and boreal forests. Thus, our data provide limited evidence of acclimation of soil respiration to experimental warming in several major biome types, contrary to the results from multiple single-site studies. Moreover, across all nondesert biomes, respiration rates with and without experimental warming follow a Gaussian response, increasing with soil temperature up to a threshold of ∼25 °C, above which respiration rates decrease with further increases in temperature. This consistent decrease in temperature sensitivity at higher temperatures demonstrates that rising global temperatures may result in regionally variable responses in soil respiration, with colder climates being considerably more responsive to increased ambient temperatures compared with warmer regions. Our analysis adds a unique cross-biome perspective on the temperature response of soil respiration, information critical to improving our mechanistic understanding of how soil carbon dynamics change with climatic warming.
Modeling the nonlinear deformation of flax-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix laminates in active loading

In an attempt to fully utilize the mechanical properties of bast fibers in polymer-matrix composites, unidirectional (UD) or quasi-UD flax-fiber-reinforced composites are being developed and characterized. Their response in tension is markedly nonlinear both in on- and off-axis loading. A semiempirical tensor-linear model is applied to describe such deformation nonlinearity in active combined loading. The deformation model of UD ply, combined with an elementary laminate theory, is used to predict the stress–strain curves of laminated composites in tension. Reasonable accuracy of prediction is demonstrated for fiber-dominated layups.
Growth of (110)-oriented diamond films by electron-assisted chemical vapor deposition

Diamond films were deposited on Si substrates by Electron-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (EACVD) using various methane concentrations below 8.1%. It was found that the deposited films were strongly (110)-oriented. This seemed to arise from a high nucleation density of diamond caused by the initial deposition of an amorphous carbon film. A comparison of the graphite etching rate between EACVD and Microwave Plasma CVD (MPCVD) under the standard growth conditions showed that EACVD was able to etch graphite about five times faster than MPCVD. Hence, it was concluded that the differences in the growth rate and morphology between EACVD and MPCVD arise from the different graphite etching rates as well as different chemical species in the reaction gas.
Time delay circuits: A quality criterion for delay variations versus frequency

This paper shows that the group delay of a delay circuit does not give sufficient information to predict the delay vs. frequency. A new criterion (f<inf>ϕ=0</inf>) is proposed that characterizes the delay variations over a specified frequency range. The mathematical derivation of f<inf>ϕ=0</inf> for a single delay block and a cascade of delay blocks is shown. As examples the criterion is applied to the design of an RC and LC delay block. Delay predictions based on f<inf>ϕ=0</inf> compared with simulation results, showing reasonable agreement.
Call completion probability in heterogeneous networks with energy harvesting base stations

In this paper, we analyse the call completion probability in a two-tier heterogeneous network (HetNet), where all base stations (BSs) in each tier are powered solely by energy harvesting. Since energy harvesting BSs may need to be kept OFF and allowed to recharge, users connected to a BS that turns OFF need to be served by neighboring BSs that are ON. This hand-off of a call can impact the call performance from a users point of view. We formulate the call completion probability for HetNets by adapting the definition from traditional cellular networks. Adopting a realistic BS energy consumption model and using tools from stochastic geometry, we derive very tight upper and lower bounds on the call completion probability in the presence of Rayleigh fading, interference and energy harvesting BSs. We examine the impact of the system parameters on the completion probability. The results show that the macro BS energy harvesting parameters have the dominant impact on the call completion probability. In particular, the call completion probability is an increasing function of the macro BS battery capacity and the minimum energy level at which macro BS switches back ON. However, it is an increasing function of the macro BS energy harvesting rate only when the macro BS battery capacity and the minimum energy level at which macro BS switches back ON are large. The results can be used in network planning to ensure certain quality-of-service (QoS) to users in terms of call completion probability.
Presynaptic Depression in Phasic Motor Nerve Terminals and Influence of 5-HT on Vesicle Dynamics

Synaptic depression that is induced by electrical stimulation of the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of the crayfish can be offset by recruitment of vesicles from a presynaptic reserve pool. This recruitment occurs following treatment of the NMJ with serotonin (5-HT), which results in a delay in the onset of synaptic depression in- duced by high frequency stimulation. The results of this study demonstrate that the releasable vesicles are insufficiently replenished during high frequency stimulation and that the readily releasable pool of vesicles (RRP) can be enhanced by the reserve pool (RP) in the presence of 5-HT. Anatomical visualization of vesicular pools by transmission electron mi- croscopy after depression or during 5-HT treatment showed no differences in the number of docked and RRP vesicles. We propose that the RRP vesicles can recycle empty and that a role for 5-HT might be to induce a rapid enhancement of syn- aptic transmission during synaptic fatigue.
Pattern Discovery for the Design of Face-to-Face Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Activities

This paper presents a methodology of discovering social action patterns in collaborative learning activities for use in improving activity design, and in particular for restructuring existing designs involving face-to-face social actions to enhance their social dynamics and thus better ensure the achievement of a specified aim. An activity in this context is defined as a sequence of actions that an actor may perform to accomplish a task objective. The proposed methodology validates a design experimentally by comparing the actions it specifies with those that are observed in an actual activity. Analyzing the data collected through such observation is central to determining which actions would improve the social dynamics of the original design. The criteria for adopting a discovered pattern will depend on the activity’s aims and the kind of actions observed. The proposed methodology is illustrated using data gathered during physics classes in two schools. The findings suggest that when formulating technologically mediated activities inside a classroom, designers should seek to incorporate face-to-face actions that support the dynamics of the activity and assist in achieving the social objectives of the tasks performed. The inclusion of such actions in design upgrades can also help prevent the occurrence of actions that interfere with the activity.
On the geometric convergence of neural approximations

We give upper bounds rates of approximation of a set of functions from a real Hilbert space, using convex greedy iterations. The approximation method was originally proposed and analyzed by Jones (1992). Barron (1993) applied the method to the set of functions computable by single-hidden-layer feedforward neural networks. It was shown that the networks achieve an integrated squared error of order O(1/n), where n is the number of iterations, or equivalently, nodes in the network. Assuming that the functions to be approximated satisfy the so-called delta-angular condition, we show that the corresponding rate of approximation of order O((n) is achievable, where 0 =/< q < 1. Therefore, for the set of functions considered, the reported geometrical rate of approximation is an improvement of Maurey-Jones-Barron's upper bound result. In the case of orthonormal convex greedy approximations, the delta-angular condition is shown to be equivalent to the geometrically decaying expansion coefficients. In finite dimensions the delta-angular condition is proven to take place for a wide class of functions.