Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progression of corpus callosum atrophy in Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND Atrophy of the corpus callosum in the absence of primary white matter degeneration reflects loss of intracortical projecting neocortical pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer disease (AD). OBJECTIVES To determine individual rates of atrophy progression of the corpus callosum in patients with AD and to correlate rates of atrophy progression with clinical disease severity and subcortical disease. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging-derived measurements of corpus callosum size were studied longitudinally in 21 patients clinically diagnosed as having AD (mean observation time, 17.0 +/- 8.5 months) and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (mean observation time, 24.1 +/- 6.8 months). RESULTS Corpus callosum size was significantly reduced in AD patients at baseline. Annual rates of atrophy of total corpus callosum, splenium, and rostrum were significantly larger in AD patients (-7.7%, -12.1%, and -7.3%, respectively) than in controls (-0.9%, -1.5%, and 0.6%, respectively). Rates of atrophy of the corpus callosum splenium were correlated with progression of dementia severity in AD patients (rho = 0.52, P<.02). The load of subcortical lesions at baseline (P<.05) predicted rate of anterior corpus callosum atrophy in healthy controls. Rates of atrophy of corpus callosum areas were independent of white matter hyperintensity load in patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of corpus callosum size allows in vivo mapping of neocortical neurodegeneration in AD over a wide range of clinical dementia severities and may be used as a surrogate marker for evaluation of drug efficacy.
Relationships between leader and follower organizational identification and implications for follower attitudes and behaviour

We present a multi-sample multi-level approach that examines the link between leader and follower organizational identification, and follower attitudes. Study I comprises 367 school teachers and 60 head teachers in Germany. The results illustrate a significant relationship between head teacher and school teacher school identification. Moreover, indirect relations between head teacher school identification and school teacher job satisfaction and self-reported citizenship behaviours, mediated by school teacher school identification, are predicted and supported by the data. The findings are replicated within Study 2, comprising 233 school teachers and 22 head teachers. Finally, a third study replicates the findings in a different sector using a sample of 314 travel agents in 127 travel agencies and their leaders. Taken together, leader's self-construal in terms of the organization is related to follower organizational identification, and therefore leads to greater follower satisfaction and to a greater willingness to exert extra effort on behalf of the organization.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Guimond, Dambrun / RELATIVE GRATIFICATION AND PREJUDICE When Prosperity Breeds Intergroup Hostility: The Effects of Relative Deprivation and Relative Gratification on Prejudice

In previous theory and research dealing with relative deprivation (RD), the role of relative gratification (RG), the opposite of RD, was relatively overlooked. Two experiments (N = 245) tested the impact of both RD and RG on prejudice toward socially significant outgroups. Experiment 1 manipulated temporal RD and RG by confronting participants to declining (RD) or improving (RG) job opportunities and found no effect of RD on prejudice but reliable effects of RG. Experiment 2 manipulated group RD and RG and found increased levels of generalized prejudice in both conditions while participants in the group RG condition showed, in addition, increased ingroup bias, greater willingness to support and act in favor of restrictive immigration policies, and higher social dominance orientation than the control group. These findings confirm the role of group RD and establish RG as an equally important, if not more central, variable in the psychology of intergroup relations.
Trauma and mental health problems in adolescent males: Differences between childhood-onset and adolescent-onset offenders

Justice-involved youths are more likely to have mental health problems than peers in the community. Therefore, it is important to develop an understanding of the antecedents of mental health problems in this group. The present study examined the association between childhood trauma and mental health problems in juvenile justice-involved adolescent males ( N = 422), comparing childhood-onset with adolescent-onset offenders. Childhood-onset offenders were more likely than adolescent- onset offenders to report mental health and substance use problems, as well as childhood maltreatment. Via structural equation modeling, we found that childhood trauma predicted mental health problems in both offender groups. Multigroup analysis revealed a moderation effect of offender group: The association between trauma and mental health problems was stronger in adolescent-onset offenders than in childhood-onset offenders. Thus, mental health problems were more prevalent in childhood-onset offenders, but these problems were less well-explained by childhood trauma in childhood-onset than in adolescent-onset offenders. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. and DAWBA scales, we further examined the presence of (a) any disorder (DBD, substance use disorder, anxiety, or depression), (b) at least two disorders (comorbidity), and (c) number of disorders.
Increasing Student Learning: A Comparison of Students' Perceptions of Learning in the Classroom Environment and their Industry-Based Experiential Learning Assignments

ABSTRACT Many hospitality curricula incorporate some form of industry-based experiential learning to complement the classroom environment. This study analyzed hospitality management student perceptions of learning both inside the classroom environment and in their experiential learning assignments outside the classroom. A review of the literature found documented benefits of experiential learning. This study confirmed many of these previously documented benefits of experiential learning and identified new learning outcomes or benefits for students who participate in experiential learning, such as an increased understanding of how organizations function, increased ability to view career expectations realistically, an increased network of professional contacts, increased ability to take initiative, increased ability to adapt to change, increased leadership skills, and increased financial management skills. This study attempted to identify the statistically significant differences, if any, between student perceptions of learning in the classroom and their perceptions of learning in experiential learning experiences. Unlike similar studies, this study investigated student perceptions of learning in both their classroom environments and their experiential learning assignments at the same time. This allowed the researcher a unique opportunity to compare and contrast the learning environments and identify specific benefits for each.
Metacognition in Mathematical Problem Solving

Metacognition is considered by most educationists as an element necessary for many cognitive tasks. In problem solving, it has been said that possessing knowledge alone is insufficient and problem solvers need to exhibit high level cognitive skills like “self-regulation skills” (also known as metacognitive strategies) for successful problem solving. A study on students' metacognitive strategies was carried out with over a thousand secondary and pre-university students from 12 schools. A questionnaire adapted from Biggs (1987) was administered to students at various levels (Secondary 2, Secondary 4, Pre-University 1), from different academic tracks (General, Science, Arts) and academic streams (Special, Express, and Normal). They were required to self-report on their metacognitive beliefs; their use of metacognitive strategies in mental tasks involving memory, problem solving and comprehension; and their attitudes towards the learning of various academic subjects. 20 items from the questionnaire which were.
Frequency control schemes for single-ended ring oscillators

An analysis of frequency control techniques for inverter based ring oscillators is presented. The aim of this study is to aid the circuit designer in architecture selection appropriate for a specific application. A brief discussion on ring oscillators is presented followed by an overview of the various control schemes. The circuits are realized in a 40 nm CMOS technology and simulated using Spectre. Based on simulation results the different control schemes are characterized in terms power consumption, tuning range and noise performance so as to guide the designer about the control scheme selection.
A Longitudinal Study of Product Attachment and Its Determinants

This paper investigates how the emotional bond a consumer experiences with ordinary durables varies over time. We found that product attachment is affected by the degree of self-expression, memories, and perceived pleasure. Over time, the determinants of product attachment can be added or lost, or their impact on product attachment can change. Our research shows that product usage is essential to maintain the impact of memories on product attachment. For users, the impact of the determinants was stable over time. For non-users, however, the impact of memories on product attachment decreased to non-significance, whereas the impact of the low pleasure ratings increased.
Integrin-mediated Invasion of Staphylococcus aureus into Human Cells Requires Src Family Protein-tyrosine Kinases*

Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause of nosocomial infections, is able to invade eukaryotic cells by indirectly engaging β1 integrin-containing host receptors, whereas non-pathogenic Staphylococcus carnosus is not invasive. Here, we identify intracellular signals involved in integrin-initiated internalization of S. aureus. In particular, the host cell actin cytoskeleton and Src family protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are essential to mediate S. aureus invasion. Src PTKs are activated in response to pathogenic S. aureus, but not S. carnosus. In addition, pharmacological and genetic interference with Src PTK function reduces bacterial internalization. Importantly, Src PTK-deficient cells are resistant to S. aureus invasion, demonstrating the essentiality of host Src PTKs in integrin-mediated uptake of this pathogen.
The Small GTPase Rif Is Dispensable for Platelet Filopodia Generation in Mice

Background Formation of filopodia and other shape change events are vital for platelet hemostatic function. The mechanisms regulating filopodia formation by platelets are incompletely understood however. In particular the small GTPase responsible for initiating filopodia formation by platelets remains elusive. The canonical pathway involving Cdc42 is not essential for filopodia formation in mouse platelets. The small GTPase Rif (RhoF) provides an alternative route to filopodia generation in other cell types and is expressed in both human and mouse platelets. Hypothesis/Objective We hypothesized that Rif might be responsible for generating filopodia by platelets and generated a novel knockout mouse model to investigate the functional role of Rif in platelets. Methodology/Principal Findings Constitutive RhoF−/− mice are viable and have normal platelet, leukocyte and erythrocyte counts and indices. RhoF−/− platelets form filopodia and spread normally on various agonist surfaces in static conditions and under arterial shear. In addition, RhoF−/− platelets have normal actin dynamics, are able to activate and aggregate normally and secrete from alpha and dense granules in response to collagen related peptide and thrombin stimulation. Conclusions The small GTPase Rif does not appear to be critical for platelet function in mice. Functional overlap between Rif and other small GTPases may be responsible for the non-essential role of Rif in platelets.
Integrating Mentoring and Social Support Research within the Context of Stressful Medical Training

To promote the integration of mentoring and social support research, we investigated their links to mental health and self-efficacy within the context of stressful medical training. In two studies, medical trainees (recipients) rated the mentoring quality and perceived supportiveness of clinical instructors. Study 1 revealed that support and psychosocial mentoring had very similar patterns of correlations with other constructs. Yet, support had distinct links to positive affect and self esteem whereas psychosocial mentoring had distinct links to self-efficacy. In contrast, support and career mentoring had different patterns of correlations with other constructs. Study 2 revealed that both support and mentoring strongly reflected the unique relationships among specific recipients and mentors, rather than the objective properties of mentors. We conclude that perceived support and psychosocial mentoring are highly similar constructs empirically, although each construct has some unique empirical qualities. Pe.
Stunting syndrome in turkeys. Development of an experimental model.

Experiments were conducted to establish a stunting syndrome (SS) model to facilitate research on nutritional aspects of enteric disorders of poults. One-day-old turkeys were dosed per os with tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) (controls) or inoculum (inoculated). The inoculum was prepared by homogenizing intestines from 11-day-old commercial poults diagnosed to have SS in TPB (1:0.5 [wt:wt]). Subsequently, intestines from 8-day-old inoculated poults from the previous experiment were used. Inoculation reduced growth (P less than 0.001) and feed consumption (P less than 0.001) at 8 and 14 days of age. In Expts. 1, 2, and 3, gain of inoculated poults was 60.9%, 58.8%, and 52.6% that of controls up to 8 days of age and 77.9%, 76.6%, and 80.9% that of controls from 8 to 15 days of age, respectively. Feed conversion was impaired (P less than 0.001) up to 8 days of age. The activity of maltase and sucrase in the jejunum and of pancreatic enzymes was determined every 2 days up to 13 days of age. Inoculation decreased (P less than 0.001) maltase and sucrase starting at 3 days of age (i.e., maltase activity was 17.45 and 1.70 mumols maltose hydrolyzed/hr.mg protein in control and inoculated poults, respectively). Inoculation had no effect on pancreatic lipase, amylase, or trypsin.
It's All Around You: Exploring 360° Video Viewing Experiences on Mobile Devices

360° videos are a new kind of medium that gives the viewers a sense of real immersion as they glimpse the action from all angles and directions. Naturally, professional and amateur film-makers are actively adopting this new medium for transformative storytelling. Despite this phenomenal progress in 360° video creation, current understanding on users' viewing experience of these videos is limited. In this paper, we present the first comparative study on the user experience with 360° videos on mobile devices using different interaction techniques. We observed 18 participants' interaction with six 360°videos with different viewport characteristics (static or moving) on a smartphone, a tablet and a head mounted display (HMD) respectively and measured how they interact with the content. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with the participants in which they explained their interaction with and viewing experience of 360° videos across three devices. Our findings show that 360° videos with moving viewports elicit higher engagement from the viewers, and offer superior viewing experience. However, these videos are cognitively demanding and require constant user attention. Our participants preferred the condition with dynamic peephole interaction on a smartphone for watching 360° videos due to the simplicity in exploration and familiarity with navigation controls. Many participants reported that the HMD offers the most immersive experience however it comes at the expense of higher cognitive burden, motion sickness and physical discomfort.
What Can Behavioral Economics Teach Us about Privacy

Privacy decision making can be surprising or even appear contradictory: we feel entitled to protection of information about our-selves that we do not control, yet willingly trade away the same information for small rewards; we worry about privacy invasions of little signiﬁcance, yet overlook those that may cause signiﬁcant damages. Di-chotomies between attitudes and behaviors, inconsistencies in discounting future costs or rewards, and other systematic behavioral biases have long been studied in the psychology and behavioral economics literatures. In this paper we draw from those literatures to discuss the role of uncertainty, ambiguity, and behavioral biases in privacy decision making.
Beauty in a smile: How to perceive it?

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of change in different smile parameters on the perception of smile esthetics. Methods: A pleasant smile of a bollywood actress was digitally altered to several degrees - gingival margin of maxillary teeth, dental midline, and buccal corridor. Four groups of 5 evaluators each—orthodontists, prosthodontists, artists, and laypersons— evaluated the images using a visual analog scale. Results: Change in buccal corridor was perceived by orthodontist group at 3 mm, others were not able to perceive any change. Orthodontist group perceived the midline shift at 2 mm whereas prosthodontist and artist beyond 2 mm and layperson perceived not at all. Gummy smile was liked by laypersons, the prosthodontist group liked it upto 2 mm whereas the artist and orthodontist liked it only when 1 mm was increased. Conclusion: Laypersons, orthodontists, prosthodontists and artists have different perceptions of attractiveness when evaluating different aspects of smile.
Stress and Psychological Distress among SARS Survivors 1 Year after the Outbreak

Objective: Our study examined the stress level and psychological distress of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Method: During the SARS outbreak in 2003, we used the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to assess SARS survivors treated in 2 major hospitals (non–health care workers, n = 49; health care workers, n = 30). We invited SARS survivors from the same hospitals (non–health care workers, n = 63; health care workers, n = 33) to complete the PSS-10 again in 2004. At that time, they were also asked to complete the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and measures of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic symptoms. PSS-10 scores were also obtained from matched community control subjects during the outbreak (n = 145) and again in 2004 (n = 112). Results: SARS survivors had higher stress levels during the outbreak, compared with control subjects (PSS-10 scores =19.8 and 17.9, respectively; P < 0.01), and this persisted 1 year later (PSS-10 scores =19.9 and 17.3, respectively; P < 0.01) without signs of decrease. In 2004, SARS survivors also showed worrying levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic symptoms. An alarming proportion (64%) scored above the GHQ-12 cut-off that suggests psychiatric morbidity. During the outbreak, health care worker SARS survivors had stress levels similar to those of non–health care workers, but health care workers showed significantly higher stress levels in 2004 (PSS-10 score = 22.8, compared with PSS-10 score = 18.4; P < 0.05) and had higher depression, anxiety, posttraumatic symptoms, and GHQ-12 scores. Conclusions: One year after the outbreak, SARS survivors still had elevated stress levels and worrying levels of psychological distress. The situation of health care worker SARS survivors is particularly worrying. The long-term psychological implications of infectious diseases should not be ignored. Mental health services could play an important role in rehabilitation.
Galactic spiral structure

We describe the structure and composition of six major stellar streams in a population of 20 574 local stars in the New Hipparcos Reduction with known radial velocities. We find that, once fast moving stars are excluded, almost all stars belong to one of these streams. The results of our investigation have led us to re-examine the hydrogen maps of the Milky Way, from which we identify the possibility of a symmetric two-armed spiral with half the conventionally accepted pitch angle. We describe a model of spiral arm motions that matches the observed velocities and compositions of the six major streams, as well as the observed velocities of the Hyades and Praesepe clusters at the extreme of the Hyades stream. We model stellar orbits as perturbed ellipses aligned at a focus in coordinates rotating at the rate of precession of apocentre. Stars join a spiral arm just before apocentre, follow the arm for more than half an orbit, and leave the arm soon after pericentre. Spiral pattern speed equals the mean rate of precession of apocentre. Spiral arms are shown to be stable configurations of stellar orbits, up to the formation of a bar and/or ring. Pitch angle is directly related to the distribution of orbital eccentricities in a given spiral galaxy. We show how spiral galaxies can evolve to form bars and rings. We show that orbits of gas clouds are stable only in bisymmetric spirals. We conclude that spiral galaxies evolve toward grand design two-armed spirals. We infer from the velocity distributions that the Milky Way evolved into this form about 9 billion years ago (Ga).
The Use of Synthetic Carriers in Malaria Vaccine Design

Malaria vaccine research has been ongoing since the 1980s with limited success. However, recent improvements in our understanding of the immune responses required to combat each stage of infection will allow for intelligent design of both antigens and their associated delivery vaccine vehicles/vectors. Synthetic carriers (also known as vectors) are usually particulate and have multiple properties, which can be varied to control how an associated vaccine interacts with the host, and consequently how the immune response develops. This review comprehensively analyzes both historical and recent studies in which synthetic carriers are used to deliver malaria vaccines. Furthermore, the requirements for a synthetic carrier, such as size, charge, and surface chemistry are reviewed in order to understand the design of effective particle-based vaccines against malaria, as well as providing general insights. Synthetic carriers have the ability to alter and direct the immune response, and a better control of particle properties will facilitate improved vaccine design in the near future.
Parallel High Dimensional Self Organizing Maps Using CUDA

A common neural network used for complex data clustering is the Self Organizing Maps(SOM). This algorithm have a expensive training step, that occur mainly on high dimensional applications like image clustering. This makes impossible for some of these applications to be run in real time or even in a feasible time. On this paper we explore the use of GPUs with the NVIDIA CUDA language to decrease computational cost of SOM. We propose a three steps implementation able to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm under SIMD paradigm and also making a good use of GPU's resources. At the end we were able to get a peak speed-up of 44 times against a C CPU implementation, fact that concludes about SOM's data parallelism.