Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eocene magmatism from the Liemai intrusion in the Eastern Tethyan Himalayan Belt and tectonic implications

Abstract Multistage magmatic thermal events occurred in the Yardoi Dome and contain important information on the tectonomagmatic processes. The dome has played a crucial role in understanding the collisional evolution of the Tethyan Himalayan. We present new geochronological and geochemical data for muscovite-granite exposed in the Liemai area, Eastern Tethyan Himalayan Belt. Liemai muscovite-granite is strongly peraluminous, with A/CNK values characterized by evolved geochemical composition with high contents of SiO2-enriched large-ion lithophile elements, and is depleted of high-field-strength elements. These geochemical features indicate that granites possibly derived from partial melting of metasedimentary rocks and plagioclase fractional crystallization probably played a critical role in production of peraluminous granitic melts. Zircon U–Pb dating from muscovite-granite yielded ages of approximately 48.5 ± 1.1 Ma, representing its crystallization ages. This age is the oldest age of Tethyan Himalayan leucogranite from the Yardoi Dome and adjacent areas. However, the inherited zircon cores have ages of 135.7–3339.2 Ma. The εHf(t) values of all zircons vary from –6.4 to –2.3 and have varying Hf-isotope crustal model ages of 731–839 Ma. The geochemical and isotopic compositions indicate that magma of the Liemai granite can most likely be interpreted as products of the break-off related to thermal perturbation along the break-off window associated with the subduction of Neo-Tethyan slab. These magmas were derived mainly from the anatexis of ancient crustal materials under contraction and thickening conditions due to subduction of the Indian continent beneath southeastern Tibet.
Gene Conversion Between Cationic Trypsinogen (PRSS1) and the Pseudogene Trypsinogen 6 (PRSS3P2) in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis

Mutations of the human cationic trypsinogen gene (PRSS1) are frequently found in association with hereditary pancreatitis. The most frequent variants p.N29I and p.R122H are recognized as disease‐causing mutations. Three pseudogene paralogs in the human trypsinogen family, including trypsinogen 6 (PRSS3P2), carry sequence variations in exon 3 that mimic the p.R122H mutation. In routine genetic testing of patients with chronic pancreatitis, we identified in two unrelated individuals similar gene conversion events of 24–71 nucleotides length between exon 3 of the PRSS1 (acceptor) and PRSS3P2 (donor) genes. The converted allele resulted in three nonsynonymous alterations c.343T>A (p.S115T), c.347G>C (p.R116P), and c. 365_366delinsAT (p.R122H). Functional analysis of the conversion triple mutant revealed markedly increased autoactivation resulting in high and sustained trypsin activity in the presence of chymotrypsin C. This activation phenotype was identical to that of the p.R122H mutant. In addition, cellular secretion of the triple mutant from transfected HEK 293T cells was increased about twofold and this effect was attributable to mutation p.R116P. Our observations confirm and extend the notion that recombination events between members of the trypsinogen family can generate high‐risk PRSS1 alleles. The pathogenic phenotype of the novel conversion is explained by a unique combination of increased trypsinogen activation and secretion.
Learning Analytics on Coursera Event Data: A Process Mining Approach

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide means to offer learning material in a highly scalable and flexible manner. Learning Analytics (LA) tools can be used to understand a MOOC's effectiveness and suggest appropriate intervention measures. A key dimension of such analysis is through profiling and understanding students' learning behavior. In this paper, we make use of process mining techniques in order to trace and analyze students' learning habits based on MOOC data. The objective of this endeavor is to provide insights regarding students and their learning behavior as it relates to their performance. Our analysis shows that successful students always watch videos in the recommended sequence and mostly watch in batch. The opposite is true for unsuccessful students. Moreover, we identified a positive correlation between viewing behavior and final grades supported by Pearson's, Kendall's and Spearman's correlation coefficients.
Information retrieval based on context distance and morphology

We present an approach to information retrieval based on context distance and morphology. Context distance is a measure we use to assess the closeness of word meanings. This context distance model measures semantic distances between words using the local contexts of words within a single document as well as the lexical co-occurrence information in the set of documents to be retrieved. We also propose to integrate the context distance model with morphological analysis in determining word similarity so that the two can enhance each other. Using the standard vector-space model, we evaluated the proposed method on a subset of TREC-4 corpus (AP88 and AP90 collection, 158,240 documents, 49 queries). Results show that this method improves the 11-point average precision by 8.6%.
Color stability of denture teeth and acrylic base resin subjected daily to various consumer cleansers.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated color stability of acrylic denture teeth and base resins after 48 weeks of commercial denture cleanser simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two brands of denture teeth (Trubyte Portrait IPN, TP; SR Vivodent DCL, SR) in shades A1, B1, and C1 and three acrylic base resins (Lucitone, LU; Paragon, PA; Valplast, VA) prepared to manufacturer's specifications were exposed 10 hours daily to four cleansers (Clorox Bleach, CB; Polident 3 minute, PO3; Efferdent, EF; and Kleenite, KL) and distilled water control, approximating consumer overnight use. Color measurements used the standard Commision International de l'Eclairage (International Commission on Illumination, CIE L*a*b*) color space (0, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks.) Color differences (ΔE*) at 48 weeks were subjected to four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mean values were compared with Fisher's (protected least significant difference) intervals (0.05 significance level). RESULTS Mean color differences (ΔE*) demonstrated color changes in each material. ANOVA-indicated color changes in teeth were significantly affected by both cleansers and teeth brand (p < 0.05), but not shade. Color changes in base resins were significantly affected by cleansers (p < 0.05), but not brand alone. Overall, KL produced the least color change while CB and PO3 produced the most for all materials. CONCLUSIONS After 48 weeks of daily simulation, TP teeth were more color stable than SR in all cleansers except EF (p < 0.0001). Base resin VA was less color stable than LU and PA. Cleanser KL resulted in the lowest color changes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE All tested materials yield clinically acceptable color changes (ΔE* < 3.5); all cleansing methods tested can be recommended, although Kleenite demonstrated the least change after 48 weeks.
Local exponential H2 stabilization of a 2 × 2 quasilinear hyperbolic system using backstepping

We consider the problem of boundary stabilization for a quasilinear 2×2 system of first-order hyperbolic PDEs. We design a full-state feedback control law, with actuation on only one end of the domain, and prove local H2 exponential stability of the closed-loop system. The proof of stability is based on the construction of a strict Lyapunov function. The feedback law is found using the recently developed backstepping method for 2 × 2 system of first-order hyperbolic linear PDEs, developed by the authors in a previous work, which is briefly reviewed.
Multidisciplinary treatment and survival of patients with vertebral metastases from thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Distant metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma occur in up to 20% of cases and represent the most frequent cause of thyroid cancer-related death. Metastatic disease to the spine has the potential to cause severe morbidity, including pain, neurological deficit, and paraplegia. SUMMARY We present a case series of eight consecutive patients with symptomatic spinal metastases due to thyroid carcinoma treated by our multidisciplinary team consisting of spinal surgeons, oncologists, and radiologists, with management of each case determined by our surgical algorithm. Four patients underwent surgical decompression and stabilization for spinal metastases causing instability, spinal cord compression, neurological deficit, or intractable pain. Three patients underwent vertebroplasty for focal mechanical pain due to osteolytic metastases in the absence of significant spinal cord compression or spinal instability; one of these patients required subsequent surgical decompression for spinal cord compression. One patient was nonoperatively treated. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy for the primary cancer and adjuvant radioiodine-131 treatment. The only patient with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, which was refractory to radioiodine-131 died at 6 months after vertebroplasty procedures for symptomatic spinal metastases. One patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma died at 18 months after vertebroplasty. All remaining six patients who had well-differentiated papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma were alive at an average of 50 months (range: 17-96 months) after diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic spinal metastases and were ambulant, independent, and able to perform activities of daily living and had no significant pain or neurologic symptoms. CONCLUSION The potential for long-term survival of several years following development of spinal metastases should be considered during the counseling and decision-making process for patients with thyroid cancer.
Kainic Acid-Induced Neurodegenerative Model: Potentials and Limitations

Excitotoxicity is considered to be an important mechanism involved in various neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism by which excitotoxicity is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. Kainic acid (KA) is an epileptogenic and neuroexcitotoxic agent by acting on specific kainate receptors (KARs) in the CNS. KA has been extensively used as a specific agonist for ionotrophic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), for example, KARs, to mimic glutamate excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative models as well as to distinguish other iGluRs such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Given the current knowledge of excitotoxicity in neurodegeneration, interventions targeted at modulating excitotoxicity are promising in terms of dealing with neurodegenerative disorders. This paper summarizes the up-to-date knowledge of neurodegenerative studies based on KA-induced animal model, with emphasis on its potentials and limitations.
Submillimeter Array Observations of 321 GHz Water Maser Emission in Cepheus A

Using the Submillimeter Array (SMA) we have imaged for the first time the 321.226 GHz, 1029-936 ortho-H2O maser emission. This is also the first detection of this line in the Cepheus A high-mass star-forming region. The 22.235 GHz, 616-523 water masers were also observed with the Very Large Array 43 days following the SMA observations. Three of the nine detected submillimeter maser spots are associated with the centimeter masers spatially as well as kinematically, while there are 36 22 GHz maser spots without corresponding submillimeter masers. In the HW2 source, both the 321 and 22 GHz masers occur within the region of ~1'', which includes the disk-jet system, but the position angles of the roughly linear structures traced by the masers indicate that the 321 GHz masers are along the jet while the 22 GHz masers are perpendicular to it. We interpret the submillimeter masers in Cepheus A to be tracing significantly hotter regions (600-2000 K) than the centimeter masers.
Evaluation of an Ecosystem Service for Avoided-Reservoir-Sedimentation and Its Economic Value

In China the current approaches to evaluating the efficacy of the ecosystem service for avoided-reservoir-sedimentation cannot identify the supplier and beneficiary. In addition, the use of the same whole-country coefficient of sediment delivery for different areas can lead to inaccurate results. Based on the integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) software package, ArcGIS9.2, a new model was established to simulate this ecosystem service and its economic value. The model included fabricating the watershed of the study reservoir. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were used to simulate the spatial patterns of the annual sediment yield and sediment retention in watershed. The economic value in this model of the ecosystem service was determined for a fixed number of years. Taking the Ertan reservoir as an example, the results showed that the actual sediment yield was 629.3×104t•a-1 in the watershed. It occupied 12.7% of the actual soil erosion volume. Farmland was the most important source of sediment yield. Its actual sediment yield occupied 62.9% of the total. The region with a higher quantity of sediment yield and sediment retention was around the reservoir. The contribution ratio of the forest to the avoided-reservoir-sedimentation service value was higher than those of the other contributors on a per unit area basis. For the reservoir’s designed operating life, the total value of this service in the watershed was 27529.2×108Yuan.
Birth Delivery Mode Modifies the Associations between Prenatal Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) and Neonatal Thyroid Hormone Levels

Background Developing infants may be especially sensitive to hormone disruption from chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Objective We investigated relationships between cord serum levels of PCBs and PBDEs and thyroid hormones measured in cord blood serum and neonatal blood spots. Methods We measured PCBs and PBDEs, thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (FT4) in cord blood serum from 297 infants who were delivered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 2004–2005. We abstracted results of total T4 (TT4) measured in blood spots collected in the hospital and at neonatal visits. We used delivery mode (augmented vaginal deliveries and nonelective cesarean deliveries) as a surrogate for intrapartum stress, which is known to alter cord blood thyroid hormones. Results In the full study population, no compounds were associated with a change in average TSH, FT4, or TT4. BDE-100 was associated with increased odds of low cord TT4, BDE-153 with increased odds of low cord TT4 and FT4, and no compounds were associated with increased odds of high TSH. For infants born by spontaneous, vaginal, unassisted deliveries, PCBs were associated with lower cord TT4 and FT4 and lower TT4 measured in neonatal blood spots. PBDEs showed consistent but mainly nonsignificant negative associations with TT4 and FT4 measurements. Conclusions Prenatal PCB and PBDE exposures were associated with reduced TT4 and FT4 levels among infants born by spontaneous, unassisted vaginal delivery. Intrapartum stress associated with delivery mode may mask hormonal effects of PCBs and PBDEs.
Joint Learning of Preposition Senses and Semantic Roles of Prepositional Phrases

The sense of a preposition is related to the semantics of its dominating prepositional phrase. Knowing the sense of a preposition could help to correctly classify the semantic role of the dominating prepositional phrase and vice versa. In this paper, we propose a joint probabilistic model for word sense disambiguation of prepositions and semantic role labeling of prepositional phrases. Our experiments on the PropBank corpus show that jointly learning the word sense and the semantic role leads to an improvement over state-of-the-art individual classifier models on the two tasks.
Memorable Tourism Experiences: Vivid memories and feelings of Nostalgia for Houseboat tourism

There has been a great emphasis on understanding the relationship of tourism experience quality with memorability of such experiences in recent years, however very few studies have attempted to measure the nostalgic characteristics of such experiences. This study attempts validation of memorable tourism experience scale (MTES) as a measure of nostalgia intensity and vividness of tourist memory of such experiences. Using structural equation modeling approach to analyze data from 412 domestic and international tourists in backwaters of Kerala, India; the results support that memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) are related to Nostalgia Intensity and Vividness of memory of stay on the houseboats.
A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for studying the factors affecting the stage at diagnosis of prostate cancer

We extend the baseline‐category logits model for categorical response data to accommodate two distinct kinds of clustering. Our extension introduces random effects that have one component exhibiting spatial dependence and a second component that is distributed independently. We use this enhanced categorical logits model for investigating the factors that affect the geographical distribution of the diagnostic stage of prostate cancer (PrCA) in South Carolina (SC). Using incidence data from the SC registry, we fit three types of models: the baseline‐category logits model, the proportional odds model, and the adjacent‐categories logits model, each incorporating our two‐component random effects. The deviance information criterion (DIC) is used for selecting the best‐fitting model. The results from the best model are presented and interpreted. The county‐specific random effects are mapped to characterize the spatial distribution pattern of diagnostic stage of PrCA in the study region. In terms of spatial distribution of the diagnostic stage of PrCA, an area of excess (unexplained) risk was found in the north‐west area, and an area of low excess risk in the north‐east area for regional‐stage cancer in SC was identified through the analysis of the cancer registry data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterization of mucinous ovarian tumours supports a stratified treatment approach with HER2 targeting in 19% of carcinomas

Mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MCs) typically do not respond to current conventional therapy. We have previously demonstrated amplification of HER2 in 6 of 33 (18.2%) mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MCs) and presented anecdotal evidence of response with HER2‐targeted treatment in a small series of women with recurrent HER2‐amplified (HER2+) MC. Here, we explore HER2 amplification and KRAS mutation status in an independent cohort of 189 MCs and 199 mucinous borderline ovarian tumours (MBOTs) and their association to clinicopathological features. HER2 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), FISH, and CISH, and interpreted per ASCO/CAP guidelines, with intratumoural heterogeneity assessment on full sections, where available. KRAS mutation testing was performed with Sanger sequencing. Stage and grade were associated with recurrence on both univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Assessment of HER2 status revealed overexpression/amplification of HER2 in 29/154 (18.8%) MCs and 11/176 (6.2%) MBOTs. There was excellent agreement between IHC, FISH, and CISH assessment of HER2 status (perfect concordance of HER2 0 or 1+ IHC with non‐amplified status, and 3+ IHC with amplified status). KRAS mutations were seen in 31/71 (43.6%) MCs and 26/33 (78.8%) MBOTs, and were near mutually exclusive of HER2 amplification. In the 189 MC cases, a total of 54 recurrences and 59 deaths (53 of progressive disease) were observed. Within MCs, either HER2 amplification/overexpression or KRAS mutation was associated with decreased likelihood of disease recurrence (p = 0.019) or death (p = 0.0041) when compared to cases with neither feature. Intratumoural heterogeneity was noted in 26% of HER2‐overexpressing cases. These data support the stratification of MCs for the testing of new treatments, with HER2‐targeted therapy as a viable option for HER2+ advanced or recurrent disease. Further research is required to delineate the molecular and clinical features of the ∼34% of MC cases with neither HER2 amplification nor KRAS mutations.
Parallel-stage decoupled software pipelining

In recent years, the microprocessor industry has embraced chip multiprocessors (CMPs), also known as multi-core architectures, as the dominant design paradigm. For existing and new applications to make effective use of CMPs, it is desirable that compilers automatically extract thread-level parallelism from single-threaded applications. DOALL is a popular automatic technique for loop-level parallelization employed successfully in the domains of scientific and numeric computing. While DOALL generally scales well with the number of iterations of the loop, its applicability is limited by the presence of loop-carried dependences. A parallelization technique with greater applicability is decoupled software pipelining (DSWP), which parallelizes loops even in the presence of loop-carried dependences. However, the scalability of DSWP is limited by the size of the loop body and the number of recurrences it contains, which are usually smaller than the loop iteration count. This work proposes a novel non-speculative compiler parallelization technique called parallel-stage decoupled software pipelining (PS-DSWP). The goal of PS-DSWP is to combine the applicability of DSWP with the scalability of DOALL parallelization. A key insight of PS-DSWP is that, after isolating the recurrences in their own stages in DSWP, portions of the loop suitable for DOALL parallelization may be exposed. PS-DSWP extends DSWP to benefit from these opportunities, utilizing multiple threads to execute the same stage of a DSWPed loop in parallel. This paper describes the PS-DSWP transformation in detail and discusses its implementation in a research compiler. PS-DSWP produces an average speedup of 114% (up to a maximum of 155%) with 6 threads on loops from a set of 5 applications. Our experiments also demonstrate that PS-DSWP achieves better scalability with the number of threads than DSWP.
Towards Accurate Corruption Estimation in ZigBee Under Cross-Technology Interference

Cross-Technology Interference affects the operation of low-power ZigBee networks, especially under severe WiFi interference. Accurate corruption estimation is very important to improve the resilience of ZigBee transmissions. However, there are many limitations in existing approaches such as low accuracy, high overhead, and requiring hardware modification. In this paper, we propose an accurate corruption estimation approach, AccuEst, which utilizes per-byte SINR (Signal-to-Interferenceand-Noise Ratio) to detect corruption. We combine the use of pilot symbols with per-byte SINR to improve corruption detection accuracy, especially in highly noisy environments (i.e., noise and interference are at the same level). In addition, we design an adaptive pilot instrumentation scheme to strike a good balance between accuracy and overhead. We implement AccuEst on the TinyOS 2.1. 1/TelosB platform and evaluate its performance through extensive experiments. Results show that AccuEst improves corruption detection accuracy by 78.6% on average compared with state-of-the-art approach (i.e., CARE) in highly noisy environments. In addition, AccuEst reduces pilot overhead by 53.7% on average compared to the traditional pilot-based approach. We implement AccuEst in a coding-based transmission protocol, and results show that with AccuEst, the packet delivery ratio is improved by 20.3% on average.