Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of self‐report and interview diagnoses of DSM‐III‐R personality disorders

A total of 73 psychiatric inpatients, all of whom (but two) fulfilled criteria for at least one specific personality disorder (PD) on SCID‐II PQ, were interviewed with the help of PDE. The self‐report PD diagnosis was confirmed in 35 (48 per cent) patients. The diagnostic agreement between the two instruments was poor, yielding an overall weighted kappa of 0.22. Levelling off the PD base rates by increasing or decreasing the diagnostic threshold of SCID‐II PQ and PDE respectively increased the overall weighted kappa to 0.38 in both instances. 70 per cent of SCID‐II PQ but only 29 per cent of PDE personality disorders were of extensive type. Most frequent important co‐occurrences occurred between individual PD types within cluster 2. On the whole, the results confirmed the relatively poor agreement between self‐report and interview PD diagnoses. The utilization of self‐report questionnaires in a clinical practice remains a controversial issue. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Stochastic and Rule-Based POS Tagging on Malay Online Text

Extensive development of web 2.0 has led to production of gigantic amount of user generated data. These data consist of many useful information. Manual analyzing these data and classifying sentiment in them, is an exhausting task, thus opinion mining method is needed. Opinion mining approach uses natural language processing where Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging is a crucial part. The performance of any NLP system depends on the accuracy of a POS tagger. Two main issues that affect the accuracy of POS tagger are unknown words and ambiguity. Although research on POS tagging has been back dated few decades ago, yet they have been mostly focused on English. Research on Malay language is still in the early stage. Also, online Malay Text differs from proper Malay text, in the sense of structure and also grammar. Online users tend use a lot of abbreviations and short forms in their text. Besides this, the “BahasaRojak” phenomena complicate tagging process even further. Thus taking all these into consideration, in this study, we will review stochastic and rule-based POS tagging methodologies to deal with ambiguous and unknown words on online Malay text.
UNDERSTANDING POSITIVE CHANGE FOLLOWING TRAUMA AND ADVERSITY: STRUCTURAL CLARIFICATION

ABSTRACT Growing interest in positive change following trauma and adversity has prompted the development of a number of different labels and measurement instruments. This proliferation has led to some conceptual confusion, due to the different labels being used, and structural confusion, due to the different numbers of underlying factors proposed. The present study addressed both these questions through exploratory principal components analysis of three different growth measures. One hundred seventy six adults (113 women, 63 men), who had experienced a range of distressing life events, completed the Perceived Benefit Scales, the Thriving Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Results revealed that all subscales loaded highly on a single component, although the possibility of three second-order components of interpersonal relationships, self-perception, and spirituality, was also noted. Discussion focuses on the implications for understanding the concept and structure of positive change following adversity. Stephen Joseph is research tutor in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of Warwick, United Kingdom. He has published numerous articles on the psychology of trauma and is co-author with William Yule and Ruth Williams of Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress: A Psychosocial Perspective on PTSD and its Treatment(Wiley). He is also co-editor with Alex Linley of Positive Psychology in Practice (Wiley). His current interests are in positive psychology and its applications, including psychotherapeutic approaches and research into posttraumatic growth. P. Alex Linley is at the School of Psychology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom. He conducted his doctoral research on posttraumatic growth under the supervision of Dr. Stephen Joseph at the University of Warwick. His work is focused on positive psychology and its applications, including the assessment and application of character strengths, and executive coaching, and research work in the areas of posttraumatic growth, authenticity, responsibility, emotional intelligence, gratitude, and existential psychology. George James Harris is a trainee in clinical psychology in the integrated University of Warwick and Coventry University program, previously having completed his undergraduate training in psychology at the University of Essex, where he carried out his dissertation under the supervision of Dr. Stephen Joseph. Subsequently, he worked in the National Health Service as an assistant psychologist in child and adolescent services. He has continuing research interests in trauma and growth.
The Role of Inference in Context Effects: Inferring What You Want from What Is Available

It has recently been suggested that a number of experimental findings of context effects in choice settings can be explained by the ability of subjects to draw choice-relevant inferences from the stimuli. We aim to measure the importance of this explanation. To do so, inferences are assessed in an experiment using the basic context-effect design, supplemented by direct measures of inferred locations of available products on the price-quality Hotelling line. We use these measures to estimate a predicted context effect due to inference alone. For our stimuli, we find that the inference effect accounts for two-thirds of the average magnitude of the context effect and for about one-half of the cross-category context-effect variance. Copyright 1997 by the University of Chicago.
Preliminary Mechanical Analysis of a 9.4-T Whole-Body MRI Magnet

A 9.4-T/800-mm superconducting magnet for whole-body magnetic resonance imaging system has been designed and will be constructed from NbTi conductors. Main coils wound on five aluminum alloy formers provide the center field strength of about 9.4 T. In addition, compensation coils wound on another aluminum alloy former are used to improve the field uniformity of the imaging region. The operating point of the inner main coil is very close to the critical properties of its wire, and its temperature margin is about 0.4 K. It is necessary to know the mechanical stress in the main coils during all operating conditions. The mechanical behavior of the main coils during winding, cooldown, and energizing is analyzed. The effects on mechanical disturbances are predicted, and one available method is proposed to reduce premature quench. In addition, the dimension variations and position changes due to pretension, thermal contraction, and magnetic compression are present.
Graduate Studies in the History of Economic Thought

If the current curriculum in graduate economics programs is any indicator, then the economics community finds the history of economic thought (hereafter HET) of limited or no relevance in the training of the next generation of professional economists. Almost no Ph.D. programs require HET as part of their core curriculum, and a relatively limited number of programs offer field courses (or even electives) in HET. The virtual absence of HET within the Ph.D. core and field curriculum should come as little surprise, as a downward trend in interest in doctoral-level HET courses was signaled by H. R. Bowen (1953) in his report on graduate education in economics and was reaffirmed more than ten years later in D. F. Gordon’s (1965) study of the state of HET. I leave it to the reader to decide whether the current level of Ph.D. education in HET is satisfactory. My hands-off approach to this normative claim reflects my own ambivalence. As a graduate student, I was drawn to HET as a partial balm for the (not uncommon) malaise of being a first-year Ph.D. student. HET also offered, at Duke, three collegial professors generous with their time and eager to discuss and foster any of my intellectual pursuits. But these don’t present clear arguments for advocating that more departmental resources should be devoted to increasing the presence of HET within graduate programs. There is little demand for HET in the job market, and unless one is explicitly hired to
Comparative study of various biological parameters, including expression of survivin, between primary and metastatic human colonic adenocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND Hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinomas is the most important factor in prognosis. We examined the level of apoptosis and proliferation, the expression of survivin, bcl-2, p53 and intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) in paired tissue specimens of primary human colon tumors and hepatic metastases and determined the molecular biological changes of the tumor cells in liver metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined, immunohistochemically, the level of apoptosis and proliferation, the expression of survivin, bcl-2 p53 and intratumoral microvessel density in 37 paired tissue specimens of primary colon tumors and hepatic metastases. RESULTS The mean apoptotic index (AI) was 0.60+/-0.45 for the primary colon tumors and 1.22+/-0.73 for the hepatic metastases. The mean proliferative index (PI) was 37.4+/-15.8 for the primary colon tumors and 29.4+/-14.1 for the hepatic metastases. Significantly higher AI and lower PI were observed in the hepatic metastases as compared to the primary colon tumor (p<0.0001 and p=0.0049, respectively). The mean-weighted survivin score was 4.32+/-2.78 for primary colon carcinomas, and 1.54+/-1.77 for the hepatic metastases. The mean-weighted bcl-2 score was 2.62+/-2.62 for the primary colon carcinomas and 0.81+/-1.56 for the hepatic metastases. There were significantly decreased scores of immunostaining for both survivin and bcl-2 in the hepatic metastases as compared to the primary carcinomas (p<0.0001 and p<0.0002, respectively). Nuclear accumulation of p53 was demonstrated in 25 cases (67.6%) of the primary carcinomas and 24.cases (64.9%) of the hepatic metastases, without significant differences. The IMVD was 89.9+/-37.5 for primary colon tumors, while it was 55.1+/-32.5 for hepatic metastases. A statistically significant decrease in the IMVD was observed in the hepatic metastases as compared to the primary colon tumors (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the tissue kinetics of colorectal carcinoma cells in hepatic metastases are biologically quite different from those of primary tumors, probably because of co-operative effects of both internal (AI, survivin, bcl-2) and external (IMVD) regulation factors.
Streamer Propagation as a Pattern Formation Problem: Planar Fronts.

Streamers often constitute the first stage of dielectric breakdown in strong electric fields: a nonlinear ionization wave transforms a non-ionized medium into a weakly ionized nonequilibrium plasma. New understanding of this old phenomenon can be gained through modern concepts of (interfacial) pattern formation. As a first step towards an effective interface description, we determine the front width, solve the selection problem for planar fronts and calculate their properties. Our results are in good agreement with many features of recent three-dimensional numerical simulations.
Numerical Analysis of Etoposide Induced DNA Breaks

Background Etoposide is a cancer drug that induces strand breaks in cellular DNA by inhibiting topoisomerase II (topoII) religation of cleaved DNA molecules. Although DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II always produces topoisomerase II-linked DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the action of etoposide also results in single-strand breaks (SSBs), since religation of the two strands are independently inhibited by etoposide. In addition, recent studies indicate that topoisomerase II-linked DSBs remain undetected unless topoisomerase II is removed to produce free DSBs. Methodology/Principal Findings To examine etoposide-induced DNA damage in more detail we compared the relative amount of SSBs and DSBs, survival and H2AX phosphorylation in cells treated with etoposide or calicheamicin, a drug that produces free DSBs and SSBs. With this combination of methods we found that only 3% of the DNA strand breaks induced by etoposide were DSBs. By comparing the level of DSBs, H2AX phosphorylation and toxicity induced by etoposide and calicheamicin, we found that only 10% of etoposide-induced DSBs resulted in histone H2AX phosphorylation and toxicity. There was a close match between toxicity and histone H2AX phosphorylation for calicheamicin and etoposide suggesting that the few etoposide-induced DSBs that activated H2AX phosphorylation were responsible for toxicity. Conclusions/Significance These results show that only 0.3% of all strand breaks produced by etoposide activate H2AX phosphorylation and suggests that over 99% of the etoposide induced DNA damage does not contribute to its toxicity.
Understanding the Relationship Between Student Achievement and the Quality of Educational Facilities: Evidence From Wyoming

A growing issue in school finance adequacy relates to the condition of school facilities and the role that the condition of those facilities plays in student learning. Using the results of standardized test scores from Wyoming students and a detailed assessment of every school building in the state of Wyoming, it can be concluded that there is essentially no relationship between the quality of school facilities and student performance when other factors known to impact student performance are accounted for. This does not suggest investments in school facilities are not important-all children are entitled to attend school in safe, clean, and appropriate educational environments. However, policymakers should be aware that investments in facilities by themselves are unlikely to improve student learning.
Pastoral Communities in the Sardinian Highlands (Italy): A View on Social Mobility

For several decades the socio-economic and political organization of rural communities in the northern Mediterranean has been a central topic of ethnographic and modern historical research. Although the concept of (rural) class has generally been avoided, a scholarly picture has often been maintained of a sharp social stratification in local contexts. In this framework the notions of peasantry and patronage have frequently been applied. This article argues that on occasion rural communities in southern Europe showed a rather flexible social stratification and high amounts of social mobility in particular among shepherd groups. The case study is of the agro-pastoral community of Fonni in the central mountains of Sardinia (Italy), which has been characterized predominantly by a pastoral economy based on sheep and goat herding during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
OSLay: optimal syntenic layout of unfinished assemblies

UNLABELLED The whole genome shotgun approach to genome sequencing results in a collection of contigs that must be ordered and oriented to facilitate efficient gap closure. We present a new tool OSLay that uses synteny between matching sequences in a target assembly and a reference assembly to layout the contigs (or scaffolds) in the target assembly. The underlying algorithm is based on maximum weight matching. The tool provides an interactive visualization of the computed layout and the result can be imported into the assembly editing tool Consed to support the design of primer pairs for gap closure. MOTIVATION To enhance efficiency in the gap closure phase of a genome project it is crucial to know which contigs are adjacent in the target genome. Related genome sequences can be used to layout contigs in an assembly. AVAILABILITY OSLay is freely available from: http://www-ab.informatik. unituebingen.de/software/oslay.
Biases in self-reports of self-care behaviours in type 2 diabetes

We examined the effects of question wording on self-reports of self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, the effects of time span and category frame were explored using modified questions from the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaire. We used a shorter (past week) and a longer (past month) time span to ask questions about self-care, within participants. We also examined the effects of framing the question either in a whole (past week) or a split (past 7 days) category format, between participants. Participants answered questions about their self-care daily for a week. On day 8 they were asked the same questions framed either in a ‘past week’ or ‘past 7 day’ format. Thirty days later, participants reported on their self-care over the past month. Weekly behavioural frequency estimates calculated from weekly, 7 day and monthly self-reports were compared against daily records. We found no evidence of a split category effect in any of the questions. Neither medication taking nor blood glucose testing behavioural frequency estimates were affected by time span. Patients overestimated the frequency with which they had eaten unhealthily and had failed to limit their caloric intake. The amount of fat and sweets they consumed over the recent past was also overestimated compared to daily records. The findings were discussed with reference to work on implicit theories of autobiographical recall.
A Taxi Order Dispatch Model based On Combinatorial Optimization

Taxi-booking apps have been very popular all over the world as they provide convenience such as fast response time to the users. The key component of a taxi-booking app is the dispatch system which aims to provide optimal matches between drivers and riders. Traditional dispatch systems sequentially dispatch taxis to riders and aim to maximize the driver acceptance rate for each individual order. However, the traditional systems may lead to a low global success rate, which degrades the rider experience when using the app. In this paper, we propose a novel system that attempts to optimally dispatch taxis to serve multiple bookings. The proposed system aims to maximize the global success rate, thus it optimizes the overall travel efficiency, leading to enhanced user experience. To further enhance users' experience, we also propose a method to predict destinations of a user once the taxi-booking APP is started. The proposed method employs the Bayesian framework to model the distribution of a user's destination based on his/her travel histories. We use rigorous A/B tests to compare our new taxi dispatch method with state-of-the-art models using data collected in Beijing. Experimental results show that the proposed method is significantly better than other state-of-the art models in terms of global success rate (increased from 80% to 84%). Moreover, we have also achieved significant improvement on other metrics such as user's waiting-time and pick-up distance. For our destination prediction algorithm, we show that our proposed model is superior to the baseline model by improving the top-3 accuracy from 89% to 93%. The proposed taxi dispatch and destination prediction algorithms are both deployed in our online systems and serve tens of millions of users everyday.
The Scientific Basis of the Art of Teaching: Essay Review

contributors to this field in their own right. For these reasons alone, a current statement by Gage about his view of the accomplishments of, and the prospects for, research on teaching would be worthy of attention (2). The value of this book is not limited to its genealogy, however; it is a concise, clear, and thoughtful statement that warrants the attention of anyone interested in the development and the application of knowledge about teaching. The book is composed of three chapters, which are expanded versions of lectures that Gage presented at Teachers College in April, 1977. The major theme of the book is the necessity for interplay between research groundings and practical applications. Thus the first chapter, "Reviewing What We Know: The Results of Recent Research," summarizes and extrapolates from the results of some current and earlier research on teaching; while the second chapter, "Applying What We Know: The Field of Teacher Educa-
Conversational interviews and multiple-case research in psychology

Abstract The use of conversational interviews within a multiple-case framework (after Rosenwald, 1988) is described as a method to address research questions in psychology. The assumptions that underlie the method, the essential aspects of the method, the analytical processes used to create theory, and the criteria for evaluating theory are each discussed in turn. The starting point is an assumption that reality, and hence psychological phenomena, are constructed both within the individual and through social interaction. The consequence is that multiple, dynamic, and potentially contradictory realities are assumed to exist. These realities are best understood through a collaboration between researcher and participants in which the social worlds of the participants are brought together through the researcher. The aim is to generate theory that is convincing and useful. One way of achieving this aim is through conversational interviews within a multiple-case framework. An example is presented that provides .
Evolving Frequency and Outcomes of Simultaneous Liver Kidney Transplants Based on Liver Disease Etiology

Background The frequency of simultaneous liver kidney (SLK) transplantation is increasing. Data are scanty on outcomes of SLK transplants for liver disease etiology. Methods Outcomes for liver and kidney grafts and patients survival at 5 years were compared for liver disease etiology among adults receiving SLK during 2002 and 2011 in the United States. Cox regression analysis models were built to determine the independent impact of liver disease etiology on outcomes. Results A total of 2,606 patients (mean age 53 years, 69% males, 55% Caucasians) received SLK for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC, n=76), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=81), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (n=945), alcoholic liver disease (n=495), alcohol and HCV (n=152), cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC, n=289), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n=221), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (n=98), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=249). HCV and NASH+CC contributed to about 44% and 9%, respectively, of all SLK transplants in 2002. Corresponding figures in 2011 were 34% and 22%, respectively. Compared to PBC, 5-year outcomes were worse for NASH, HCV, and HCC for liver graft (72%, 66%, and 72% vs. 82%; hazard ratio, HR: 2.5–3.1), kidney graft (71%, 65%, and 71% vs. 80%; HR: 2.3–2.8), and patient survival (74%, 69%, and 69% vs. 82%; HR: 2.4–2.7). Follow-up renal function assessed at 1, 3, and 5 years showed poor renal function among patients receiving SLK for HCV, NASH, CC, and HBV. Conclusions Frequency of SLK transplants is increasing among NASH patients. Overall graft and patient outcomes are good. However, SLK for NASH, HCV, and HCC do worse. Strategies are needed to improve outcomes for SLK in HCV and NASH patients.
Intuition: A Challenge for Psychological Research on Decision Making

Intuition represents an enormous challenge for research on decision making. What is intuition? How does it modify our appreciation of cognitive abilities? When should people trust intuition? These questions set the agenda for this article, which (a) defines intuition, (b) comments on how intuition has been viewed across time in the decision making literature, (c) stresses the need to specify different types of intuition, (d) discusses when intuition is likely to lead to good decisions, and (e) presents four challenges. These are, first, elucidating the evolution of preferences; second, illuminating culturally acquired values such as morals; third, the need to educate intuitive responses; and fourth, problems in using intuition for decision making in a changing world. However, the major challenge facing intuition research is the need for conceptual work to define the nature and scope of different intuitive phenomena. To be useful, the concept should not become too broad.