Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of age on the responses of human isolated arteries to noradrenaline.

BARBER, H.E. , HAWKSWORTH, G.M. , PETRE, J.C. , RIGBY, J.W. , ROBB, O.J. & SCOTT, A.K. (1981). Pharmacokinetics of atenolol and propranolol in young and elderly subjects. Br. J. clin. Pharmac. , 11, 118P-119P. BEVINGTON, P.R. (1969). Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences. New York: McGraw Hill. CASTLEDEN, C.M. , KAYE, C.M. & PARSONS, R.L. (1975). The effect of age on plasma levels of propranolol and practolol in man. Br. J. clin. Pharmac. , 2, 303-306. CROOKS, J., O'MALLEY, K. & STEVENSON, I.H. (1976). Pharmacokinetics in the elderly. Clin. Pharmacokin. , 1, 280-296. FITZGERALD, J.D. , RUFFIN, R. , SMEDSTAD, K.G. , ROBERTS, R. & McAINSH, J. (1978). Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atenolol in man. Eur. J. clin. Pharmac. , 13, 81-89. JELLIFFE, R.W. & JELLIFFE, S.M. (1972). A computer program for estimation of creatinine clearance from unstable serum creatinine concentration. Math. Biosci. , 14, 17-24. KLOTZ, U. , AVANT, G.R. , HOYUMPA, A. , SCHENKER, S & WILKINSON, G.R. (1975). The effects of age and liver disease on the disposition and elimination of diazepam in adult man. J. clin. Invest. , 55, 347-359. MASON, W.D. , WINER, N. , KOCHAK, G. , COHEN, I. & BELL, R. (1979). Kinetics and absolute bioavailability of atenolol. Clin. Pharmac. Ther. , 25,408-415. REEVES, P.R. , McAINSH, J., McINTOSH, D.A.D. & WINROW, M.J. (1978). Metabolism of atenolol in man. Xenobiotica, 8, 313-320. RUBIN, P.C. , SCOTT, P.J.W. & REID, J.L. (1981). Prazosin disposition in young and elderly subjects. Br. J. clin. Pharmac. ,12, 401-404. TRIGGS, E.J. (1979). Pharmacokinetics of lignocaine and chlormethiazole in the elderly; with some preliminary observations on other drugs. In Drugs and the Elderly, eds. Crooks J. & Stevenson, I. London: Macmillan. WAN, S.H. , KODA, R.T. & MARONDE, R.F. (1979). Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology of atenolol and effect of renal disease. Br. J. clin. Pharmac. , 7, 569-579. WEBSTER, J., HAWKSWORTH, G.M. , BARBER, H.E. , JEFFERS, T.A. & PETRIE, J.C. (1981). Withdrawal of long-term therapy with atenolol in hypertensive patients. Br. J. clin. Pharmac. , 12, 211-214. YEE, Y-G. , RUBIN, P. & BLASCHKE, T.F. (1979). Atenolol determination by high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. J. Chromatog. , 171, 357-362.
Oral health-related quality of life in Swedish young adults

The living conditions of young adults in Sweden have changed during the last decades due to the economic and employment situation in society. Although oral health is mainly considered to be good in this age group, their use of dental care has decreased and their priorities and opportunities regarding oral health are little known. The purpose of this study was to describe the views of Swedish young adults on their oral health and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The design of the study was qualitative, using content analysis. Sixteen young adults, aged 21–29 years, were interviewed. The findings from the interviews were summarized under the theme “Young adults reflected on their OHRQoL in a time perspective” consisting of three categories: “Past experiences, Present situation, and Future prospects. ” The OHRQoL of young adults is dependent not only on their own experiences of oral health during childhood and their received dental care but also on their present self-perceived oral health, oral health habits, and social life; together with their expectations of future oral health. The findings in this study indicate that the oral health awareness and needs of young adults, as well as their expectations of oral care, merit further follow-up.
1 0 O ct 2 00 2 Wavelength-Dependent Effects in Maxwell Optics

We present a new formalism for light beam optics starting with an exact eight-dimensional matrix representation of the Maxwell equations. The Foldy-Wouthuysen iterative diagonalization technique is employed to obtain a Hamiltonian description for a system with varying refractive index. Besides, reproducing all the traditional quasiparaxial terms, this method leads to additional contributions, which are dependent on the wavelength, in the optical Hamiltonian. This alternate prescription to obtain the aberration expansion is applied to the axially symmetric graded index fiber. This results in the wavelength-dependent modifications of the paraxial behaviour and the aberration coefficients. Furthermore it predicts a wavelengthdependent image rotation. In the low wavelength limit our formalism reproduces the Lie algebraic formalism of optics. The FoldyWouthuysen technique employed by us is ideally suited for the Lie algebraic approach to optics. The present study further strengthens the close analogy between the various prescription of light and charged-particle optics. All the associated machinery used in this formalism is described in the text and the accompanying appendices.
An Orthogonal Basis for Functions over a Slice of the Boolean Hypercube

We present an orthogonal basis for functions over a slice of the Boolean hypercube. Our basis is also an orthogonal basis of eigenvectors for the Johnson and Kneser graphs. As an application of our basis, we streamline Wimmer's proof of Friedgut's theorem for slices of the Boolean hypercube.
Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach

PART ONE - INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS 1. An Introduction to the Study of Organisations 2. Contemporary Organisational Challenges PART TWO - INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS 3. Personality, Intelligence and Aptitude 4. Perception 5. Attitudes Integration 1: Integrating Individual Characteristics PART 3: THE INTRAPERSONAL LEVEL (INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES) 6. Memory and Learning 7. Work Motivation: Basic Concepts and Theories 8. Work Motivation: Advanced Concepts and Theories 9. Individual Decision Making 10. Stress Integration 2: Integrating Individual Characteristics and Processes PART FOUR - THE INTERPERSONAL LEVEL 11. Groups 12. Leadership: Basic Concepts and Theories 13. Leadership: Advanced Theories 14. Power, Politics and Conflict Integration 3: Integrating Group Characteristics and Processes and Links Between Individuals and Groups PART FIVE - THE ORGANISATIONAL LEVEL 15. Organisational Goals and Effectiveness 16. Organisational Structure: Basic Concepts 17. Organisational Design 18. Control 19. Organisational Cultures and Climates 20. Communication 21. Organisational Change and Development Integration 4: Integrating Macro Level Characteristics and Processes Integration 5: Integrating Macro and Micro Levels of Organisation PART SIX - SPECIAL ISSUES IN ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND ANALYSIS 22: Globalisation and the Cross-national Organisation Glossary References Author Index Subject Index
Endothelin B receptor gene hypermethylation in prostate adenocarcinoma

Background: Alterations in the methylation patterns of promoter CpG islands have been associated with the transcriptional inhibition of genes in many human cancers. These epigenetic alterations could be used as molecular markers for the early detection of cancer—that is, while potentially curable according to current therapeutic strategies. In prostate cancer, GSTP1 hypermethylation is the most common epigenetic alteration, and can be detected in up to 90% of cases. Thus, screening for methylation of other loci would probably increase the number of primary tumours amenable to screening. Moreover, previous studies have shown that the endothelin B receptor (EDNRB) gene is abnormally methylated in a high proportion of prostate tumours (∼70%). Aims: To investigate the potential use of EDNRB gene hypermethylation as a prostate cancer specific marker. Methods: Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) for the promoter region of EDNRB was performed on prospectively collected tissue samples from 48 patients harbouring clinically localised prostate cancer, and in a group of 23 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Genomic DNA was isolated from the samples and the methylation status was examined in a blinded manner. Results: EDNRB methylation was found in 40 of 48 of the adenocarcinomas. However, the same alteration was found in the paired normal tissue, and 21 of 23 of the BPH samples were found to harbour EDNRB hypermethylation. Conclusions: EDNRB hypermethylation at CpG sites upstream of the transcription start site can be detected in a high proportion of prostate adenocarcinomas. However, because this same alteration is also present in normal and hyperplastic tissue, it does not distinguish normal from neoplastic prostate cells, thus precluding its use as a prostate cancer marker.
Evaluation of the nitrate-based colorimetric method for testing the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to streptomycin and ethambutol in liquid cultures.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the inexpensive colorimetric nitrate reductase-based antibiotic susceptibility (CONRAS) assay for testing the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to streptomycin and ethambutol in liquid cultures, and to compare the CONRAS test with the manual mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) test, using the radiometric BACTEC 460TB method as reference. METHODS A total of 89 M. tuberculosis isolates were tested for susceptibility to streptomycin and ethambutol using the CONRAS and manual MGIT methods and the results were compared with BACTEC 460TB. Isolates with discrepant results between the CONRAS test and BACTEC 460TB were analysed using the agar proportion method, Etest and mutation analysis of genes involved in resistance to streptomycin and ethambutol. RESULTS The agreement between the CONRAS test and BACTEC 460TB was 88% for streptomycin and 84% for ethambutol. The corresponding agreement of the manual MGIT test with BACTEC 460TB was 89 and 80%, respectively. There was good agreement for streptomycin and moderate agreement for ethambutol between the CONRAS and manual MGIT tests on one hand and BACTEC 460TB on the other (CONRAS test, kappa(streptomycin) 0.74 and kappa(ethambutol) 0.59, P < 0.001; manual MGIT test, kappa(streptomycin) 0.77 and kappa(ethambutol) 0.50, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is good agreement for the two non-radiometric liquid culture methods (CONRAS and manual MGIT) compared with BACTEC 460TB for the detection of streptomycin resistance. Further standardization is needed for testing of ethambutol resistance using the CONRAS and manual MGIT assays.
On the rational approximation to the Thue–Morse–Mahler numbers

— Let (tk)k>0 be the Thue–Morse sequence on {0, 1} defined by t0 = 0, t2k = tk and t2k+1 = 1− tk for k > 0. Let b > 2 be an integer. We establish that the irrationality exponent of the Thue–Morse–Mahler number ∑ k>0 tkb −k is equal to 2. Résumé. — Soit (tk)k>0 la suite de Thue–Morse définie sur {0, 1} par t0 = 0, t2k = tk et t2k+1 = 1 − tk pour k > 0. Soit b > 2 un entier rationnel. Nous démontrons que l’exposant d’irrationalité du nombre de Thue–Morse–Mahler ∑ k>0 tkb −k est égal à 2.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as an Effective Probiotic for Murine Giardiasis

The gut microflora is an important constituent in the intestinal mucosal barrier and has been introduced as the concept of probiotic therapy that beneficially affects the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to explore the protective potential of various lactobacilli strains for murine giardiasis. By experimentation, it was found that the probiotic supplementation of either Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, or L. rhamnosus GG, 7 days prior to inoculation with G. lamblia trophozoites, reduced the rate of cyst excretion compared with Giardia-infected mice. Interestingly, L. GG was found to be the most effective probiotic in reducing the duration of giardia cycle and acts as an effective prophylactic probiotic for murine giardiasis but needs to be clinically correlated due to entirely different human microflora.
Consultant Practices in Two Heterogeneous Latino Schools

Abstract Bicultural communities, particularly Latino communities, are often described as if they were monolithic communities that share similar language, values, politics, educational, and socioeconomic concerns. This article describes the implications of the consultation process when working with an educationally and linguistically heterogeneous Spanish-speaking immigrant Latino community. Using qualitative research methodologies, the researchers studied two “Latino” elementary schools in one district. Three themes emerged: (a) role of primary language in education, (b) role of parents in the school, and (c) prevalent attitudes regarding the nature of disability. Parent participants differed in ways that impacted the role of the consultant and subsequent consultation interactions. Formal educational experiences in the parents' native country and language influenced parent participation in the educational process. Suggestions for consultants include recognizing the heterogeneity within bicultural communities and conducting thorough family interviews in an informal setting and before formal meetings to determine the concerns and goals of family members.
Applying the Meta-heuristic Prediction Algorithm for Modeling Power Density in Wind Power Plant

In this paper, a robust artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm is applied to overcome challenges at power density prediction especially at the installation process of wind power plant. This algorithm also explores relationships between the meteorological parameters and power density. Importance degree of parameters on power density is converted numerical weighting values independently from each other. Thus, the effects of the wind speed, the wind direction, the temperature, the damp, the pressure on power density could be modelled. Besides, experimental study shows that the prediction accuracy and stability of the applied method superior than traditional AI-based techniques.
Hemodynamic Changes and Fluid Shifts After Large-Volume Fluid Infiltration: Results From a Porcine Model

While certain parameters such as blood loss and serum lidocaine levels following liposuction have been well studied, fluid shifts between the intravascular and extravascular space have not. With the advent of large volume liposuction, prudent fluid management has become obligatory. Hence, the reason for our study.To test the impact of large volume infiltration on intercompartmental fluid shifts, we measured urine output and hemodynamic changes in 10 anesthetized female Yorkshire pigs weighing between 50 and 85 kg. Eight pigs were infused with 5 to 10 L of tumescent fluid. Two pigs were anesthetized, received no wetting solution, and served as controls. Hemodynamic variables were recorded before infusion and hourly for 48 hours. Animals were extubated after 4 hours of anesthesia. Plasma volume was measured using Evan's Blue Dye, and intravascular fluid shifts were calculated using Foldager's method.Total fluid shift into the intravascular space ranged between 511 and 1036 mL per animal with a mean of 767 mL in the first 3 hours. Higher volumes of fluid infiltration did not lead to fluid overload in the experimental group. Hemodynamic changes were characterized by significant increases in central venous pressure, cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure, and heart rate consistent with the increase in intravascular volume. Hemodynamic parameters returned to baseline 20 hours following tumescent fluid infiltration.In this porcine model, animals were able to tolerate large fluid challenges delivered by clysis with statistically significant but only modest increases in hemodynamic parameters which gradually returned to baseline within 20 hours.
A Macroscopic Model for First Return Stroke of Lightning

A lightning return stroke model for a downward flash is proposed. The model includes underlying physical phenomena governing return stroke evolution, namely, electric field due to charge distributed along the leader and cloud, transient enhancement of series channel conductance at the bridging regime, and the nonlinear variation of channel conductance, which supports the return stroke current evolution. Thermal effects of free burning arc at the stroke wave front and its impact on channel conductance are studied. A first-order arc model for determining the dynamic channel conductance along with a field-dependent conductivity for corona sheath is used in the model. The model predicts consistent current propagation along the channel with regard to current amplitude and return stroke velocity. The model is also capable of predicting the remote electromagnetic fields that are consistent with the experimental observations.
FvVE1 regulates filamentous growth, the ratio of microconidia to macroconidia and cell wall formation in Fusarium verticillioides

The velvet gene, veA, co‐ordinates asexual and sexual development in the homothallic fungal species Aspergillus nidulans. Studies in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus fumigatus demonstrated that veA also regulates morphological differentiation in these species. Whether veA has the same role in morphogenesis in other fungal genera has not been investigated. In this work, we studied the role of the veA homologue, FvVE1, in the heterothallic fungus Fusarium verticillioides. Deletion of FvVE1 suppressed aerial hyphal growth and reduced colony surface hydrophobicity on solid media. In submerged cultures, FvVE1 deletion caused alterations in hyphal polarity, marked activation of conidiation and yeast‐like growth. The latter was promoted by shaking to increase aeration of cultures. In addition, FvVE1 deletion markedly increased the ratio of macroconidia to microconidia. Supplementation of osmotic stabilizers restored the wild‐type phenotype to deletion mutants, suggesting phenotypic alterations caused by FvVE1 deletion are related to cell wall defects. This is consistent with the hypersensitivity of FvVE1 deletion mutants to SDS and with the significant reduction in the mannoprotein content of mutants compared with the wild‐type strain. However, no dramatic cell wall alterations were observed when mutants were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Our data strongly suggest that FvVE1 is important for cell wall integrity, cell surface hydrophobicity, hyphal polarity and conidiation pattern.
Olfaction: A Model System for Computational Neuroscience

Computational neuroscientists have recently turned to modeling olfactory structures because these are likely to have the same functional properties as currently popular network designs for perception and memory. This book provides a useful survey of current work on olfactory system circuitry, including connections of this system to brain structures involved in cognition and memory, and describes the computational models of olfactory processing that have been developed to date.Contributions cover empirical investigations of the neurobiology of the olfactory systems (anatomy, physiology, synaptic plasticity, behavioral physiology) as well as the application of computer models to understanding these systems. Fundamental issues in olfactory processing by the nervous systems such as experimental strategies in the study of olfaction, stages of odor processing, and critical questions in sensory coding are considered across empirical/applied boundaries and throughout the contributions.Joel L. Davis is Program Manager of the Biological Intelligence Section at the Office of Naval Research. Howard Eichenbaum is Professor of Biological Sciences at Wellesley College.Contributors: 1. Fundamental Anatomy, Physiology, and Plasticity of the Olfactory System. Gordon M. Shepherd. John S. Kauer, S. R. Neff, Kathryn A. Hamilton, and Angel R. Cinelli. Kevin L. Ketchum, Lewis B. Haberly. Joseph L. Price, S. Thomas Carmichael, Ken M. Carnes, MarieChristine Clugnet, Masaru Kuroda, and James P. Ray. Michael Leon, Donald A. Wilson, and Kathleen M. Guthrie. Gary Lynch and Richard Granger. Howard Eichenbaum, Tim Otto, Cynthia Wible, and jean Piper. II. Developments in Computational Models of the Olfactory System. DeLiang Wang, Joachim Buhmann, and Christoph von der Marlsburg. Walter Freeman. Richard Granger, Ursula Staubi, Jose Ambrose-Ingersoll, and Gary Lynch. James M. Bower. Dan Hammerstrom and Eric Means.
Comparing Land Policy and Resource Degradation in Botswana and Zimbabwe

This paper looks at the effects of government policies on resource depletion and land degradation in Botswana and Zimbabwe. The paper develops by looking at tenurial arrangement since the colonial era. Policy incentives aimed at boosting agricultural production during this period are also looked at. In Botswana, land alienation, Tribal Grazing Land Policy (TGLP) and Arable Lands Development Programme (ALDEP) are considered while in Zimbabwe, land alienation, post independence land reforms, and marketing policies are discussed. These are then related to land degradation. It is argued that inequality and individualisation of land and emphasis on boosting small scale agriculture, have put pressure on the land. Overuse of land, monocroping and extensification of land use have resulted in soil exhaustion, overgrazing and deforestation in places. It is concluded that if sustainable development is to occur, land policy must be tailored in a manner which does not promote inequality and poverty. Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies Vol. 9 No.2, 1995
Temporal and spatial distribution of heat shock mRNA and protein (hsp70) in the rabbit cerebellum in response to hyperthermia

We have previously investigated the expression of hsp70 genes in the hyperthermic rabbit brain at the mRNA level by Northern blot and in situ hybridization procedures. Our studies have now been extended to the protein level utilizing Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Using an antibody which is specific to inducible hsp70, a prominent induction of hsp70 protein in glial cells of hyperthermic animals was noted. In particular, Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellum are strongly immunoreactive while adjacent Purkinje neurons are immunonegative. Extension of our in situ hybridization studies to a time course analysis revealed that the initial glial induction events were followed by a delayed accumulation of inducible hsp70 mRNA in Purkinje neurons at 10 hr post‐heat shock. In control animals, high levels of constitutively expressed hsc70 mRNA and protein were observed in Purkinje neurons. Similar hsc70 and hsp70 mRNA observations were also made in neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei and in motor neurons of the spinal cord. Our results suggest that these neuronal cell types accmulate hsp70 mRNA in response to hyperthermic treatment; however, the response is delayed when compared to the rapid response seen in glial cells. The high constitutive levels of hsc70 in certain neuronal cell types may play a role in the initial dampening of the hsp70 induction response in these cells. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.