Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ characteristics, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes in online learning

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among students’ characteristics, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes in online learning settings. Two hundred and fifty-six students participated in this study. All participants completed an online survey that included demographic information, the modified motivation strategies learning questionnaire, the online technology self-efficacy scale, the course satisfaction questionnaire, and the final grades. The researchers used structural equation modeling to examine relationships among student characteristics, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes. Based on the results from the final model, students with previous online learning experiences tended to have more effective learning strategies when taking online courses, and hence, had higher levels of motivation in their online courses. In addition, when students had higher levels of motivation in their online courses, their levels of technology self-efficacy and course satisfaction increased. Finally, students with higher levels of technology self-efficacy and course satisfaction also earned better final grades. Based on the findings, we recommend that instructors design courses in a way that can promote students’ self-regulated learning behaviors in online learning settings and that students in online classes, as in traditional classes, set aside a regular time to concentrate on the course. Also, institutions should provide user-friendly online learning platforms and workshops for instructors and students to facilitate the teaching and learning experiences.
Literacy in the homes of young deaf children: Common and distinct features of spoken language and sign bilingual environments

The study of deaf children’s early literacy raises fundamental issues about their access to language, experiences of early interaction and literacy development. However, we currently understand very little about how young deaf children develop literacy skills given their exceptional linguistic circumstances. This review explores early literacy practices in the homes of young deaf children to identify the commonalities and differences apparent in spoken language and sign bilingual homes. The introduction of the Newborn Hearing Screening Programme (NHSP), which is currently taking place, aims to diagnose congenital deafness in the first few weeks of life, followed by immediate involvement of a team of professionals with the child and family, including a teacher of the deaf. This provides a unique opportunity to explore early literacy practices in homes, and identify ways in which teachers and parents/carers can work collaboratively to facilitate deaf children’s early literacy development.
I am sailing—towards a transactional analysis of ‘body techniques’

In recent years there has been a growing interest in questions related to embodiment and learning. Within the field of ‘body pedagogics’ great efforts have been made to develop theory and methodology that can deal with the corporeal aspects of experience and knowledge without adopting any form of dualistic conceptions of body/mind and organism/environment. This article connects to this body of research. The purpose is to first present a synthesis of James' radical empiricism, Dewey's transactional understanding of experience and learning and Marcel Mauss' concept of ‘body techniques’ and the notion of education embedded in it. Against the background of this theoretical development, and with a Transactional Model of Analyzing Bodying (TMAB), we then show how we can analytically come to terms with different dualistic problems that research into ‘body pedagogics’ has to deal with. We use an empirical example of dinghy sailing to create knowledge about what we learn when learning embodied knowledge, and how this learning takes place. We argue that experience is an important concept for understanding the acting knowing human being, describing how experience is organized and developed and outlining how this organization can be understood as learning. We hold that situations where someone learns to embody certain knowledge are cases of overt actions, in which we can see what kinds of relations are created and how these relations become meaningful for further action.
Biomarkers of neurological status in HIV infection: A 3‐year study

Purpose: To evaluate circulating cytokines and chemokines as correlates of the degree of brain injury in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Experimental design: Study participants included ten well‐characterized subjects in advanced stage HIV infection. High‐throughput multiplexed analysis was used to quantify markers of interest at baseline and 3 years later in the clinical course. Objective measurements of the brain were derived in vivo with quantitative magnetic resonance segmentation algorithms and with diffusion tensor imaging.
[Investigation of risk factors for hearing impairment in premature infants].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for hearing impairment in premature infants. METHODS A total of 895 premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January to December 2010 were evaluated using distortion product otoacoustic emission to detect hearing impairment. The failure rates in initial screening and secondary screening were recorded. The risk factors for failure to pass hearing screenings were elucidate using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The failure rate in initial screening was 38.4%, and the failure rate in secondary screening was 18.3%. In the auditory brainstem response test conducted at three months after birth, the failure rate was 22.2%. In premature infants with a gestational age of 28-29(+6) weeks, 60.5% did not pass the initial screening; 48.1% of the premature infants with a birth weight of 1 001-1 499 g failed the initial screening; 70.0% of the premature infants with a birth weight of ≤1 000 g failed the initial screening; 53.8% of the premature infants who had severe asphyxia failed the initial screening; 45.0% of the premature infants who used invasive ventilation failed the initial screening; 47.9% of the premature infants with a total bilirubin of ≥340 µmol/L failed the initial screening; 54.6% of the premature infants with septicemia failed the initial screenings. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for failing the initial and secondary hearing screenings: gestational age, birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia and septicemia. CONCLUSIONS Premature infants are susceptible to hearing impairment because they have immature organs and tissues and incomplete blood-brain barrier function and are sensitive to such factors as hyperbilirubinemia and infection. Early hearing screening and follow-up are necessary for premature infants to ensure timely interventions.
Consequences of Child and Adult Sexual and Physical Trauma among Deaf Adults

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consequences of sexual and physical trauma among a sample of deaf adults. Thirty-two men and 45 women completed the Life Event Checklist (LEC), the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI), the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire–20 (SDQ–20) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. In this sample, 40.6% of the male participants and 53.3% of the female participants had experienced some type of sexual trauma during their lifetimes. Physical trauma was reported by 75% of males and 71.1% of female participants. For those who had experienced childhood sexual trauma, the odds ratio of revictimization in adulthood was 6.69. Sexual trauma also rarely occurred by itself. Two thirds of all participants with sexual trauma histories also reported some type of physical abuse. Participants with sexual trauma histories displayed significantly more symptoms of PTSD and depression than people without such trauma history. Physical and sexual abuse represent significant problems in the deaf community. The authors include a call for the development of targeted intervention attempts to prevent further victimization in deaf child and adolescent populations.
CPMs: A Kinesthetic Comprehension Strategy.

This article discusses a study to determine whether primary grade students can learn comprehension processes via hand motions to portray these mental processes. Comprehension Process Motions (CPMs) were designed to provide students with a way to make abstract comprehension processes more consciously accessible and also to give teachers a way to observe what students have (or have not) comprehended. Results were based on a 12-week study of 257 experimental and 256 control students in grades K–5. Comprehension scores on standardized, criterion-referenced, and norm-referenced tests were significantly higher for experimental students than for those who were not exposed to CPM instruction. These data provide evidence that even the youngest readers are capable of internalizing comprehension processes and knowing how to elicit them at specific points in a text when they are needed.
Transversal traits in science education research relevant for teaching and research: A meta‐interpretative study

Abstract: This study is a meta-interpretative analysis that focuses on research conducted andpublished by other researchers. Concepts central to this study include global practical relevance,curriculum design, and formative situation. We analyzed 35 studies selected from 374 published studies intheyears2000and2001inthreejournalsreferencedintheInternationalScientiﬁcIndex. Usingareplicablemethodology developed speciﬁcally for this research, we found evidence of s clusters of variables thatsuggest the existenceoftransversaltraitsinthe 35 science education research studies. These results form areference framework of theoretical and practical knowledge relevant for research and practice pertaining toteaching and learning science. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci TeachKeywords: science teacher education; curriculum development; science education This study is of a meta-interpretative nature. We assume a grounding theoretical frameworkand broad aims that stem from the studies of other researchers related to classroom context.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition restores hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in sepsis.

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is inhibited by inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in healthy animals and is blunted in endotoxemia. We investigated whether the loss of HPV during sepsis could be reversed by NO synthase (NOS) inhibition. Hypoxic challenges were induced in intubated, awake sheep breathing 100% nitrogen to the left lung and 100% oxygen to the right lung. HPV was assessed as the decrease in left pulmonary blood flow during hypoxia, measured with an ultrasonic flow probe around the left pulmonary artery. Group I (n = 5) received carrier solutions and Groups II (n = 6) and III (n = 8) received an infusion containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After 24 h, Group III also received an infusion of 6.6 mg.kg. h-1 N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). After 24 h of sepsis, HPV decreased from 60 +/- 9% in Group II and 56 +/- 4% in Group III to 27 +/- 2% and 26 +/- 4%, respectively. Group I showed no change in HPV. During infusion of L-NMMA, HPV increased to 38 +/- 4%. Pulmonary shunt during hypoxia increased in Group III to 161 +/- 10% of its baseline value, and decreased to 121 +/- 11% during infusion of L-NMMA. We conclude that L-NMMA improves but does not restore HPV, indicating that other vasodilatory mediators besides NO also influence HPV in sepsis.
Local anesthetic inhibition of a bacterial sodium channel

Recent structural breakthroughs with the voltage-gated sodium channel from Arcobacter butzleri suggest that such bacterial channels may provide a structural platform to advance the understanding of eukaryotic sodium channel gating and pharmacology. We therefore set out to determine whether compounds known to interact with eukaryotic NaVs could also inhibit the bacterial channel from Bacillus halodurans and NaChBac and whether they did so through similar mechanisms as in their eukaryotic homologues. The data show that the archetypal local anesthetic (LA) lidocaine inhibits resting NaChBac channels with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 260 µM, and channels displayed a left-shifted steady-state inactivation gating relationship in the presence of the drug. Extracellular application of QX-314 to expressed NaChBac channels had no effect on sodium current, whereas internal exposure via injection of a bolus of the quaternary derivative rapidly reduced sodium conductance, consistent with a hydrophilic cytoplasmic access pathway to an internal binding site. However, the neutral derivative benzocaine applied externally inhibited NaChBac channels, suggesting that hydrophobic pathways can also provide drug access to inhibit channels. Alternatively, ranolazine, a putative preopen state blocker of eukaryotic NaVs, displayed a Kd of 60 µM and left-shifted the NaChBac activation-voltage relationship. In each case, block enhanced entry into the inactivated state of the channel, an effect that is well described by a simple kinetic scheme. The data suggest that although significant differences exist, LA block of eukaryotic NaVs also occurs in bacterial sodium channels and that NaChBac shares pharmacological homology to the resting state of vertebrate NaV homologues.
Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence

As collective violence erupts in many parts of the world, the media often links this to age-old ethnic or religious hostilities, thereby freeing the state, its agents and its political elites from responsibility. This book encourages readers to look more closely at the issues of violence, ethnicity and the state by focusing on specific instances of violence in their local contexts and questioning the prevailing interpretations of them. Through five case studies of both rural and urban public violence, including police-public confrontations and Hindu-Muslim riots, this book shows how, out of many possible interpretations applicable to these incidents, governments and the media select those that support existing relations of power in state and society. Adopting different modes (narrator, detective and social scientist) Brass treats incidents of collective violence arising intitially out of such common occurences as a drunken brawl, the rape of a woman and the theft of an idol, and demonstrates how some incidents remain localized whilst others are fit into broader frameworks of meaning, thereby becoming useful for upholders of dominant ideologies. He argues that incessant talk about violence and its implications in these circumstances contributes to its persistence rather than to its reduction. Such treatment, he claims, serves in fact to mask the causes of violence, displace the victims from the centre of attention and divert society's gaze from those responsible for its endemic character. He explains how this process ultimately implicates everyone in the perpetuation of systems of violence.
Detecting Driver Sleepiness Using Optimized Nonlinear Combinations of Sleepiness Indicators

This paper addresses the problem of detecting sleepiness in car drivers. First, a variety of sleepiness indicators (based on driving behavior) proposed in the literature were evaluated. These indicators were then subjected to parametric optimization using stochastic optimization methods. To improve performance, the functional form of some of the indicators was generalized before optimization. Next, using a neural network, the best performing sleepiness indicators were combined with a mathematical model of sleepiness, i.e., the sleep/wake predictor (SWP). The analyses were based on data obtained from a study that involved 12 test subjects at the moving-base driving simulator at the Swedish National Road and Transportation Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden. The data were derived from 12 1-h driving sessions for each test subject, with varying degrees of sleepiness. The performance measure (range [0,1]) for indicators was taken as the average of sensitivity and specificity. Starting with indicators proposed in the literature, the best such indicator, i.e., the standard deviation of the yaw angle, reached a performance score of 0.72 on previously unseen test data. It was found that indicators based on a given signal gave essentially equal performance after parametric optimization, but in no case was it better than 0.72. The best generalized indicator (the generic variability indicator) obtained a performance score of 0.74. SWP achieved a score of 0.78. However, by nonlinearly combining SWP with the generic variability indicator, a score of 0.83 was obtained. Thus, the results imply that a nonlinear combination of a measure based on driving behavior with a model of sleepiness significantly improves driver sleepiness detection.
Wideband antennas for precision spectral radiometers for cosmology

Precision cosmology has been made possible by differential microwave radiometers that have imaged the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation. Continued progress is expected from measurement of spectral distortions in this cosmic radiation. A key distortion in the global sky spectrum is in the 40-250 MHz band and expected from variations in the hydrogen spin temperature and ionization state during Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization when the first stars and galaxies form. Electrically-small shaped ultra-wideband antennas are described that have been designed for the detection of these global or all-sky spectral distortions; a key design feature is the making of the transfer function Maximally Smooth.
NO and central cardiovascular control: a simple molecule with a complex story.

The 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine recognized the great contributions of Robert Furchgott, Louis Ignarro, and Ferid Murad through “their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. ” Furchgott’s earlier work describing a vasodilatory factor that was activated by acetylcholine acting on an intact endothelium not only set the stage for subsequent recognition that NO was the endothelium-derived relaxation factor but also acted as a harbinger of much subsequent study of interactions between classic neurotransmitters and NO. Three isoforms of NO synthase (NOS), the biosynthetic enzyme for synthesis of NO, have been identified. Two are constitutive enzymes, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NO (nNOS). Each has been identified in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the primary site of termination of baroreceptor afferent nerves, but the role of each, or for that matter the role of NO itself, in baroreflex transmission through the NTS remains very much in question. The presence of iNOS in the NTS could indicate that there had been stress in animals in which it was found. In keeping with the potential that NO may link transmitter mechanisms and may integrate vascular and neuronal functions, the work by Waki et al in this issue of Hypertension 1 provides further evidence for complex integration through NO mechanisms in the NTS and for contributions of NO in disorders of cardiovascular homeostasis. That work is the latest from the Paton/Kasparov laboratories at the University of Bristol and further supports there being a cascade of transduction events that involve NO derived from eNOS, as well as several additional putative transmitters in NTS regulation of blood pressure. One such potential transmitter is angiotensin. Particularly since the work of Casto and Phillips,2 it has been recognized that angiotensin may act at the level of the NTS to …
Are Faculty Role Models? Evidence from Major Choice in an Undergraduate Institution

Abstract The gap between men's and women's choice of college majors has not changed over the past two decades. One aspect of the debate surrounding their choice is the presence or absence of women and minority faculty role models who could attract female and minority students to a particular major. The authors provide new evidence using micro-data from student records, transcript records, and faculty records from the Colgate University classes of 1988–2000. The authors found role-model effects for women, minorities, and men. The proportion of classes taken with a faculty member “like-you” has a positive effect on the probability that a student will choose that major. These results support the idea that faculty members can exert a role-model effect on women and minority undergraduates.
The Relation between Nicotine Dependence and Suicide Attempts in the General Population

Objective: There has been much debate as to whether nicotine is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. This study sought to examine the relation between nicotine dependence and suicide attempts in a population-based sample of adults. Method: Our study used the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 2 (NESARC; 2004–2005), a large (n = 34 653) nationally representative survey of community-dwelling American adults. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined the relation between suicide attempts and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, nicotine dependence, compared with nonusers of nicotine. Associations between suicide attempts and other measures of nicotine use (nicotine cessation, age of first use, frequency, and amount of use) were also examined. Results: Lifetime (AOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.48 to 2.15) and past-year nicotine dependence (AOR 1.77; 95% CI 1.02 to 3.06) were independently associated with lifetime and past-year suicide attempts, respectively, even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, other mental disorders, and physical disease. Nicotine dependence cessation was associated with a decreased likelihood of suicide attempt compared with people currently dependent on nicotine (AOR 0.15; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.43). Greater amount of daily cigarette use was associated with suicide attempts in the model that adjusted for sociodemographic factors and other mental disorders (AOR 1.53; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.24). Conclusions: Nicotine dependence is associated with suicide attempts, independently of comorbid mental disorders and physical disease. The association attenuates when a person ceases using nicotine, suggesting a state, rather than trait, effect. These findings provide evidence for additional concern regarding the deleterious health effects of tobacco.
Two silicon nitride technologies for post-SiO2 MOSFET gate dielectric

P-MOSFETs with 14 /spl Aring/ equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) were fabricated using both JVD Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ and RTCVD Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//SiO/sub x/N/sub y/ gate dielectric technologies. With gate length down to 80 nm, the two technologies produced very similar device performances, such as drive current and gate tunneling current. The low gate leakage current, good device characteristics and compatibility with conventional CMOS processing technology make both nitride gate dielectrics attractive candidates for post-SiO/sub 2/ scaling. The fact that two significantly different technologies produced identical results suggests that the process window should be quite large.