Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consciousness Level and Off‐Hour Admission Affect Discharge Outcome of Acute Stroke Patients: A J‐ASPECT Study

Background Poor outcomes have been reported for stroke patients admitted outside of regular working hours. However, few studies have adjusted for case severity. In this nationwide assessment, we examined relationships between hospital admission time and disabilities at discharge while considering case severity. Methods and Results We analyzed 35 685 acute stroke patients admitted to 262 hospitals between April 2010 and May 2011 for ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The proportion of disabilities/death at discharge as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was quantified. We constructed 2 hierarchical logistic regression models to estimate the effect of admission time, one adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, and number of beds; and the second adjusted for the effect of consciousness levels and the above variables at admission. The percentage of severe disabilities/death at discharge increased for patients admitted outside of regular hours (22.8%, 27.2%, and 28.2% for working‐hour, off‐hour, and nighttime; P<0.001). These tendencies were significant in the bivariate and multivariable models without adjusting for consciousness level. However, the effects of off‐hour or nighttime admissions were negated when adjusted for consciousness levels at admission (adjusted OR, 1.00 and 0.99; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.13 and 0.89 to 1.10; P=0.067 and 0.851 for off‐hour and nighttime, respectively, versus working‐hour). The same trend was observed when each stroke subtype was stratified. Conclusions The well‐known off‐hour effect might be attributed to the severely ill patient population. Thus, sustained stroke care that is sufficient to treat severely ill patients during off‐hours is important.
Mi Voz: LatinX Student Perceptions of Affirmative Action on Their College Application and Enrollment Told Through Their Funds of Knowledge

In this study, I explored how LatinX students understood affirmative action strategies used by higher education institutions through their Funds of Knowledge and how this knowledge shaped their post-secondary decisions. Using a qualitative case study design, I conducted semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and document analysis to center the voices of those underrepresented in the academy to support high school to university transition. The LatinX students’ awareness of affirmative action was present and, in many cases, was a factor in their decision to attend an institution of higher education. This awareness was often the result of guidance from an influential figure in their lives. Of the seven students interviewed, five explained that affirmative action did in fact play a direct role in their decision to enroll in a university in Colorado through financial aid or recruitment strategies. In this study, I offer a new and expanded understanding of affirmative action in Colorado through seven different student perspectives.
Mainstreaming and Early Childhood Education for Handicapped Children: Review and Implications of Research. Final Report.

s, the 1968-1974 volumes of International Dissertation A-tracts, and computer runs on the subject from CEC, ERIC and the Clearinghouse for Early Childhood Education for relevant material. Interviews and Conferences Bureau of Education for the Handicapped. Throughout this project we maintained close contact with several people from the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, particularly the Office of Program Development and the Handicapped Children's Early Education Assistance Program, which is responsible for the First Chance and Outreach projects. Head Start and the Office of Child Development. We have also consulted with a number of people from the Office of Child Development involved in the 14 experimental Head Start programs for handicapped children, the Developmental Continuity Program, and a new program concerning early screening and needs assessment efforts. Both the Project Director and the Research Methodologist attended a conference of the 14 experimental Head Start project directors, staff members, researchers from related projects, representatives from the Office of Child Development and the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped held in Vail, Colorado (August 19-21, 1974). The primary purpose of the conference was to permit the Head Start people to share information and ideas about their efforts to mainstream handicapped children. There were many indications that most of the programs were
Apigenin Inhibits Enterovirus-71 Infection by Disrupting Viral RNA Association with trans-Acting Factors

Flavonoids are widely distributed natural products with broad biological activities. Apigenin is a dietary flavonoid that has recently been demonstrated to interact with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and interferes with their RNA editing activity. We investigated whether apigenin possessed antiviral activity against enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection since EV71 infection requires of hnRNP proteins. We found that apigenin selectively blocks EV71 infection by disrupting viral RNA association with hnRNP A1 and A2 proteins. The estimated EC50 value for apigenin to block EV71 infection was determined at 10.3 µM, while the CC50 was estimated at 79.0 µM. The anti-EV71 activity was selective since no activity was detected against several DNA and RNA viruses. Although flavonoids in general share similar structural features, apigenin and kaempferol were among tested compounds with significant activity against EV71 infection. hnRNP proteins function as trans-acting factors regulating EV71 translation. We found that apigenin treatment did not affect EV71-induced nucleocytoplasmic redistribution of hnRNP A1 and A2 proteins. Instead, it prevented EV71 RNA association with hnRNP A1 and A2 proteins. Accordingly, suppression of hnRNP A1 and A2 expression markedly reduced EV71 infection. As a positive sense, single strand RNA virus, EV71 has a type I internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that cooperates with host factors and regulates EV71 translation. The effect of apigenin on EV71 infection was further demonstrated using a bicistronic vector that has the expression of a GFP protein under the control of EV71 5′-UTR. We found that apigenin treatment selectively suppressed the expression of GFP, but not a control gene. In addition to identification of apigenin as an antiviral agent against EV71 infection, this study also exemplifies the significance in antiviral agent discovery by targeting host factors essential for viral replication.
Combining EigenVoices and structural MLLR for speaker adaptation

This paper considers the problem of speaker adaptation of acoustic models in speech recognition. We have investigated four different possible methods which integrate the concepts of both Structural Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (SMLLR) and EigenVoices-based technique (EV) to adapt the Gaussian means of the speaker independent models for a new speaker. The experiments were evaluated using the speech recognition engine ESPERE on the data of the corpus Resource Management. They show that all of the proposed methods can improve the performances of an automatic speech recognition system (ASRS) in supervised batch adaptation as efficiently as SMLLR and EigenVoices-based techniques whatever the amount of adaptation data is available. For an unsupervised incremental adaptation, only the approach SMLLR + SEV gives the best results.
Learning to Text: An Interaction Analytic Study of How Seniors Learn to Enter Text on Mobile Phones

This paper is based on an interaction analysis of video recordings of seniors being instructed in the use of texting. Learning to text is a complex ordeal for the elderly, which not only involves grasping such complex phenomena as hierarchically organized menus and text prediction technology, but also more mundane and seemingly simple skills as pressing the keys. The latter is the primary focus of the analysis, as this is a common and taken for granted skill upon which many HCI systems rely. We show how the seniors struggle with learning to press in a sequence, embodying the timing and rhythm of key pressing, and orchestrating their vision and pressing. The study contributes to the general field of mobile phone design for the elderly, to our knowledge on how people appropriate and learn to use new technologies, as well as adds to models explaining novice users' mastering of text input.
EU Labour Migration since Enlargement: Trends, Impacts and Policies

Contents: Intra-EU labour migration - flows and policy responses, Bela GalgA^3czi, Janine Leschke and Andrew Watt The dimensions and effects of EU labour migration in the UK, Sonia McKay EU labour migration: government and social partner policies in the UK, Jason Heyes The dimensions and effects of EU labour migration in Sweden, Per Lundborg EU labour migration: government and social partner policies in Sweden, Monika Arvidsson The dimensions and effects of EU labour migration in Germany, Max Friedrich Steinhardt EU labour migration: government and social partner policies in Germany, Simon Fellmer and Holger Kolb The dimensions and effects of EU labour migration in Austria, Ewald Walterskirchen EU labour migration: government and social partner policies in Austria, GA nther Chaloupek and Johannes Peyrl Dimensions and effects of labour migration to EU countries: the case of Poland, Agnieszka Fihel and Marek OkA^3lski Labour emigration: government and social partner policies in Poland, Robert Szewczyk and Joanna UnterschA tz Dimensions and effects of labour migration to EU countries: the case of Hungary, Augnes HA! rs Labour emigration: government and social partner policies in Hungary, Szilvia Borbely Dimensions and effects of labour migration to EU countries: the case of Latvia, Parsla Eglite and Zaiga KriA! jane Labour emigration: government and social partner policies in Latvia, Aija Lulle Index.
Does local adaptation to resources explain genetic differentiation among Daphnia populations?

Substantial genetic differentiation is frequently observed among populations of cyclically parthenogenetic zooplankton despite their high dispersal capabilities and potential for gene flow. Local adaptation has been invoked to explain population genetic differentiation despite high dispersal, but several neutral models that account for basic life history features also predict high genetic differentiation. Here, we study genetic differentiation among four populations of Daphnia pulex in east central Illinois. As with other studies of Daphnia, we demonstrate substantial population genetic differentiation despite close geographic proximity (<50 km; mean θ = 0.22). However, we explicitly tested and failed to find evidence for, the hypothesis that local adaptation to food resources occurs in these populations. Recognizing that local adaptation can occur in traits unrelated to resources, we estimated contemporary migration rates (m) and tested for admixture to evaluate the hypothesis that observed genetic differentiation is consistent with local adaptation to other untested ecological factors. Using Bayesian assignment methods, we detected migrants in three of the four study populations including substantial evidence for successful reproduction by immigrants in one pond, allowing us to reject the hypothesis that local adaptation limits gene flow for at least this population. Thus, we suggest that local adaptation does not explain genetic differentiation among these Daphnia populations and that other factors related to extinction/colonization dynamics, a long approach to equilibrium FST or substantial genetic drift due to a low number of individuals hatching from the egg bank each season may explain genetic differentiation.
Novel methods for the preparation and characterization of hyaluronan oligosaccharides of defined length.

Hyaluronan is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan of high molecular weight that acts as a structural component of extracellular matrices and mediates cell adhesion. There have been numerous recent reports that fragments of hyaluronan have different properties compared to the intact molecule. Though many of these results may be genuine, it is possible that some activities are due to minor components in the preparations used. Therefore, it is important that well-characterized and highly purified oligosaccharides are used in cell biological and structural studies so that erroneous results are avoided. We present methods for the purification of hyaluronan oligomers of defined size using size exclusion and anion-exchange chromatography following digestion of hyaluronan with testicular hyaluronidase. These preparations were characterized by a combination of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analysis, and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Hyaluronan oligomers ranging from tetrasaccharides to 34-mers were separated. The 4- to 16-mers were shown to be homogeneous with regard to length but did contain varying amounts of chondroitin sulfate. This contaminant could have been minimized if digestion had been performed with medical-grade hyaluronan rather than the relatively impure starting material used here. The 18- to 34-mer preparations were mixtures of oligosaccharides of different lengths (e.g., the latter contained 87% 34-mer, 10% 32-mer, and 3% 30-mer) but were free of detectable chondroitin sulfate. In addition to oligomers with even numbers of sugar rings, novel 5- and 7-mers with terminal glucuronic acid residues were identified.
A Phylogeny-Based Benchmarking Test for Orthology Inference Reveals the Limitations of Function-Based Validation

Accurate orthology prediction is crucial for many applications in the post-genomic era. The lack of broadly accepted benchmark tests precludes a comprehensive analysis of orthology inference. So far, functional annotation between orthologs serves as a performance proxy. However, this violates the fundamental principle of orthology as an evolutionary definition, while it is often not applicable due to limited experimental evidence for most species. Therefore, we constructed high quality "gold standard" orthologous groups that can serve as a benchmark set for orthology inference in bacterial species. Herein, we used this dataset to demonstrate 1) why a manually curated, phylogeny-based dataset is more appropriate for benchmarking orthology than other popular practices and 2) how it guides database design and parameterization through careful error quantification. More specifically, we illustrate how function-based tests often fail to identify false assignments, misjudging the true performance of orthology inference methods. We also examined how our dataset can instruct the selection of a “core” species repertoire to improve detection accuracy. We conclude that including more genomes at the proper evolutionary distances can influence the overall quality of orthology detection. The curated gene families, called Reference Orthologous Groups, are publicly available at http://eggnog.embl. de/orthobench2.
hPOC5 is a centrin-binding protein required for assembly of full-length centrioles

Centrin has been shown to be involved in centrosome biogenesis in a variety of eukaryotes. In this study, we characterize hPOC5, a conserved centrin-binding protein that contains Sfi1p-like repeats. hPOC5 is localized, like centrin, in the distal portion of human centrioles. hPOC5 recruitment to procentrioles occurs during G2/M, a process that continues up to the full maturation of the centriole during the next cell cycle and is correlated with hyperphosphorylation of the protein. In the absence of hPOC5, RPE1 cells arrest in G1 phase, whereas HeLa cells show an extended S phase followed by cell death. We show that hPOC5 is not required for the initiation of procentriole assembly but is essential for building the distal half of centrioles. Interestingly, the hPOC5 family reveals an evolutionary divergence between vertebrates and organisms like Drosophila melanogaster or Caenorhabditis elegans, in which the loss of hPOC5 may correlate with the conspicuous differences in centriolar structure.
Active fiber comb source with single and double frequency shifters for UDWDM applications

Numerical and experimental results of a multifrequency optical source with an exceptionally stable channel separation are presented. The system consists of a single master laser and a ring containing an acousto-optic frequency shifter and an optical amplifier. The operation is based on the multiple frequency shift every round trip. We tested a single and double frequency shifter configuration. For the single stage configuration up to 84 spectral lines with stable 1.5 GHz spacing were obtained. Experimental results of the system with two cascaded shifters were demonstrated for the first time and up to 30 optical carrier frequencies with 2.5 GHz channel separation were obtained. The experimental results were in agreement with numerical simulations.
Light Production by the Arm Tips of the Deep-Sea Cephalopod Vampyroteuthis infernalis

The archaic, deep-sea cephalopod Vampyroteuthis infernalis occurs in dark, oxygen-poor waters below 600 m off Monterey Bay, California. Living specimens, collected gently with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and quickly transported to a laboratory ashore, have revealed two hitherto undescribed means of bioluminescent expression for the species. In the first, light is produced by a new type of organ located at the tips of all eight arms. In the second, a viscous fluid containing microscopic luminous particles is released from the arm tips to form a glowing cloud around the animal. Both modes of light production are apparently linked to anti-predation strategies. Use of the tip-lights is readily educed by contact stimuli, while fluid expulsion has a much higher triggering threshold. Coelenterazine and luciferase are the chemical precursors of light production. This paper presents observations on the structure and operation of the arm-tip light organs, the character of the luminous cloud, and how the light they produce is incorporated into behavioral patterns.
Limitations of the Laffer Curve as a Justification for Tax Cuts

Professor Lafferâ€™s paperâ€™ leads me to ask four questions, which I shall address in turn: 1, Is the Laffer curve an accurate depiction of economic reality? 2. Are we in a prohibitive region of the Laffer curve, that is, a region in which a tax rate cut would increase tax revenues? 3. If we are not in a prohibitive region, could we cut income tax rates and get the positive output effects without also cutting government spending? 4. Should we let our answer to the second and third questions determine our position on cutting taxes?
Information Content of Implied Probability Distributions : Empirical Studies of Japanese Stock Price Index Options Shigenori Shiratsuka

I would like to express my gratitude to Jan Marc Berk, Clive Granger, Masato Kobayashi, Masao Ogaki, and Toshiaki Watanabe for their helpful comments. I benefited from discussion with Robert Bliss, Edward Green, David Marshal, and David Runkle at the initial stage of the research. I would like to thank Ben Craig for his help with computer programming, and Hitoshi Mio and Toyoichiro Shirota for their assistance. Opinions expressed are my own and do not necessarily reflect those of the Bank of Japan. MONETARY AND ECONOMIC STUDIES/NOVEMBER 2001
The Needs of Children with Terminal Illness: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT Purpose: The response of each child to terminal illness treatment is highly individual. This will certainly affect the level and type of perceived needs. This study is conducted to examine the needs of children with terminal illness from the perspective of nurses and parents. Method: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in this research. The data collection process included in-depth interviews with eight nurses and eleven parents and focus group discussion with seven nurses. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Based on the perspective of nurses and parents the needs of children with terminal illness in the biological aspect require the fulfilment of basic biological needs, a therapy programme with minimal side effects, intervention to improve comfort, optimal infection prevention, and on-going care. While in the psychological aspects, the children and parents need information, motivation, tools to overcome the anxiety of parents, parental involvement and education for children and families. In the social aspect there are the children’s need to play, need for school, and need for social support. In the spiritual aspect, the children need to be able to pray, receive spiritual guidance, and also to have spiritual guidance to prepare for death, and die with dignity. Conclusion: The needs of a child with terminal illness are complex and require special attention from the nurse. Therefore, nurses have a very important role to be able to comprehensively assess the needs of children with terminal illness in an effort to improve the quality of life of children.
Analyzing comprehensive palatability of cheese products by multivariate regression to its subdomains

The present study explored the possibility of generating a novel sensory evaluation instrument for describing comprehensive food palatability via its subdomains (rewarding, cultural, and informational) while keeping physiological factors constant. Seventy-five Japanese participants were asked to taste cheese samples and to respond to a questionnaire that was developed to dissect the distinct subdomains of palatability. The subsequent factor analyses revealed that three major factors may serve as distinct subdomains of palatability: rewarding, cultural, and informational, although the informational factor was not sufficiently robust. Multivariate regression analysis on cheese samples with exactly the same ingredients but sold in different packages led to different comprehensive palatability ratings due to the contribution of the cultural, but not the rewarding, factor. These results suggest that palatability is not merely determined by the physical and chemical properties that are intrinsic to a food product itself, but also depends on psychological properties that can arise through interaction between humans and the food product. The current study presents the first experimental demonstration that palatability could be dissociated to its subdomains.
Emotion recognition from facial expression using general type-2 fuzzy set

Facial expression of a person representative of similar emotions is not always unique. Naturally, the facial features of a subject taken from different instances of the same emotion have wider variations. In presence of two or more facial features, the variation of the attributes together makes the emotion recognition problem more complicated. This variation is the main source of uncertainty in the emotion recognition problem, which has been addressed here in two steps using type-2 fuzzy sets. First a type-2 fuzzy face-space is constructed with the background knowledge of facial features of different subjects for different emotions. Second, the emotion of an unknown facial expression is determined based on the consensus of the measured facial features with the fuzzy face-space. General Type-2 Fuzzy Sets have been used to model the fuzzy face space. The general type-2 fuzzy set involves both primary and secondary membership distributions, which have been obtained here by formulating and solving an optimization problem. The optimization problem here attempts to minimize the difference between two decoded signals: the first one being the type-1 defuzzification of the average primary membership distributions obtained from the n-subjects, while the second one refers to the type-2 defuzzified signal for a given primary distribution with secondary memberships as unknown. The uncertainty management policy adopted using general type-2 fuzzy set has resulted in a classification accuracy of 96.67%.