Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions of facial expressions and body language to the rapid perception of dynamic emotions

Correctly perceiving emotions in others is a crucial part of social interactions. We constructed a set of dynamic stimuli to determine the relative contributions of the face and body to the accurate perception of basic emotions. We also manipulated the length of these dynamic stimuli in order to explore how much information is needed to identify emotions. The findings suggest that even a short exposure time of 250 milliseconds provided enough information to correctly identify an emotion above the chance level. Furthermore, we found that recognition patterns from the face alone and the body alone differed as a function of emotion. These findings highlight the role of the body in emotion perception and suggest an advantage for angry bodies, which, in contrast to all other emotions, were comparable to the recognition rates from the face and may be advantageous for perceiving imminent threat from a distance.
Developing an aftercare decision aid; assessing health professionals' and patients' preferences

Personalising aftercare for curatively treated breast cancer patients is expected to improve patient satisfaction with care. A patient decision aid can support women in making decisions about their aftercare trajectory, but is currently not available. The aim of this study was to assess the needs of patients and health professionals with regard to an aftercare decision aid to systematically develop such a decision aid. Focus groups with patients and individual interviews with health professionals were digitally recorded and coded using the Framework analysis. Although most patients felt few aftercare options were available to them, health professionals reported to provide various options on the patients' request. Patients reported difficulty in expressing their need for options to their health professional. Although most patients were unfamiliar with decision aids, the majority preferred a paper‐based patient decision aid, while most health professionals preferred an online tool. The practical implications for the intended patient decision aid are: that a digital tool with paper‐based element should be developed, the patient decision aid should facilitate both rational and intuitive processes and should provide insight in patients' preferences concerning aftercare to discuss these explicitly.
Fundamentals of Fluid Film Lubrication

Preface Acknowledgements List of Symbols Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Viscosity and Rheology of Lubricants Chapter 3: Mechanics of Lubricant Films and Basic Equations Chapter 4: Hydrodynamic Lubrication Chapter 5: Finite Bearings Chapter 6: Thermohydrodynamic Analysis of Fluid Film Bearings Chapter 7: Design of Hydrodynamic Bearings Chapter 8: Dynamics of Fluid Film Bearings Chapter 9: Externally Pressurized Lubrication Chapter 10: Fluid Inertia Effects and Turbulence in Fluid Film Lubrication Chapter 11: Gas-lubricated Bearings Chapter 12: Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Rolling Contacts Chapter 13: Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Chapter 14: Vibration Analysis with Lubricated Ball Bearings Chapter 15: Thermal Effect in Rolling-Sliding Contacts Index
The Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity: Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Adipose Tissue Function

The current obesity epidemic poses a major public health issue since obesity predisposes towards several chronic diseases. BMI and total adiposity are positively correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk at the population level. However, body fat distribution and an impaired adipose tissue function, rather than total fat mass, better predict insulin resistance and related complications at the individual level. Adipose tissue dysfunction is determined by an impaired adipose tissue expandability, adipocyte hypertrophy, altered lipid metabolism, and local inflammation. Recent human studies suggest that adipose tissue oxygenation may be a key factor herein. A subgroup of obese individuals - the ‘metabolically healthy obese' (MHO) - have a better adipose tissue function, less ectopic fat storage, and are more insulin sensitive than obese metabolically unhealthy persons, emphasizing the central role of adipose tissue function in metabolic health. However, controversy has surrounded the idea that metabolically healthy obesity may be considered really healthy since MHO individuals are at increased (cardio)metabolic disease risk and may have a lower quality of life than normal weight subjects due to other comorbidities. Detailed metabolic phenotyping of obese persons will be invaluable in understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic disturbances, and is needed to identify high-risk individuals or subgroups, thereby paving the way for optimization of prevention and treatment strategies to combat cardiometabolic diseases.
Identification of lateralized compensatory neural activities within the social brain due to autism spectrum disorder in adolescent males

Socio‐behavioral impairments are important characteristics of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and MRI‐based studies are pursued to identify a neurobiological basis behind these conditions. This paper presents an MRI‐based study undertaken to (i) identify the differences in brain activities due to ASD, (ii) verify whether such differences exist within the ‘social brain’ circuit which is hypothesized to be responsible for social functions, and (iii) uncover potential compensatory mechanisms within the identified differences in brain activities. In this study, a whole‐brain voxel‐wise analysis is performed using resting‐state fMRI data from 598 adolescent males, that is openly available from the ABIDE consortium. A new method is developed, which can (i) extract the discriminative brain activities, that provide high separability between the blood oxygenation time‐series signals from ASD and neurotypical populations, (ii) select the activities that are relevant to ASD by evaluating the correlation between the separability and traditional severity scores, and (iii) map the spatial pattern of regions responsible for generating the discriminative activities. The results show that the most discriminative brain activities occur within a subset of the social brain that is involved with affective aspects of social processing, thereby supporting the idea of the social brain and also its fractionalization in ASD. Further, it has also been found that the diminished activities in the posterior cingulate area are potentially compensated by enhanced activities in the ventromedial prefrontal and anterior temporal areas within the social brain. Hemispherical lateralization is also observed on such compensatory activities.
The Histochemical Characterization of Rat Masseter Muscle Fiber Types

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact ecommons@luc.edu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to my advisors, Dr. Patrick Toto and Dr. William F. Malone for their interest and guidance in this thesis •. I also wish to express my appreciation to Hrs. Valeria Lescinskas for her-technical assistance and Helen Zaidan for her help in preparing this manuscript. who graduated from the University of Illinois as a computer engineer in 1974. he received the Frank Gannett Scholarship and the Illinois General Assembly Scholarship. In 1968 he graduated from the University of Illinois with a Bachelor of Science degree. In 1970 he received his dental degree from the
Central Sleep Apnea

As part 3 of the three chapters on sleep-disordered breathing, this chapter reviews central sleep apnea (CSA). CSA is defined as recurrent apneic events during sleep in the absence of respiratory muscle effort and loss of neuronal output to respiratory muscles. The most common cause of CSA is compromised cardiac function. In patients with CSA whose ejection fraction is less than or equal to 45%, adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) has been shown to increase mortality. With the abuse of opioids reaching epidemic proportions, it has been estimated that 30 to 75% of patients on chronic opioid therapy have a significant increased incidence of CSA. Opioid-induced sleep-disordered breathing can be treated with ASV. This review contains 1 figure, and 37 references. Key Words: adaptive servo-ventilation, central sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, impaired central ventilatory drive, opioid abuse, PHOX2B gene, supplemental oxygen
Temporal trend and regional disparity in osteoarthritis hospitalisations in Sweden 1998–2015

Aim: This study investigated time trend and regional disparities in hospitalisations due to osteoarthritis (OA) among people aged ≥20 years in Sweden from 1998 through 2015. Methods: National and regional data on hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of OA were collected from the National Patient Register. The absolute and relative regional disparities were assessed using the absolute weighted mean difference from overall mean and the index of disparity. We applied joinpoint regression for temporal trend analysis of hospitalisations and the Mann–Kendall trend test for disparity measures. Changes in number of OA hospitalisations between 1998–2000 and 2013–2015 were analysed using two counterfactual scenarios. Results: During 1998–2015, OA hospitalisations constituted 2.0% of all hospitalisations, with higher proportions among women (58.7%) and those aged 70–74 years (18.0%). The age-standardised rate of OA hospitalisation and its proportions from all and musculoskeletal disorders hospitalisations rose, on average, by >2.0% per year during the study period. OA hospitalisation rates rose statistically significantly in all age groups except for the youngest and oldest age groups. The proportion of hip OA from all OA hospitalisations declined, while the opposite was observed for knee OA. The relative regional disparities declined in men, and the absolute regional disparities rose among women over time. The population growth and ageing could explain only about one third of the observed increases in the absolute number of OA hospitalisations between 1998–2000 and 2013–2015. Conclusions: OA hospitalisations have increased substantially, suggesting the need to improve OA prevention and primary-care management in Sweden.
Leptospira interrogans Secreted Proteases Degrade Extracellular Matrix and Plasma Proteins From the Host

Leptospires are highly motile spirochetes equipped with strategies for efficient invasion and dissemination within the host. Our group previously demonstrated that pathogenic leptospires secrete proteases capable of cleaving and inactivating key molecules of the complement system, allowing these bacteria to circumvent host's innate immune defense mechanisms. Given the successful dissemination of leptospires during infection, we wondered if such proteases would target a broader range of host molecules. In the present study, the proteolytic activity of secreted leptospiral proteases against a panel of extracellular matrix (ECM) and plasma proteins was assessed. The culture supernatant of the virulent L. interrogans serovar Kennewicki strain Fromm (LPF) degraded human fibrinogen, plasma fibronectin, gelatin, and the proteoglycans decorin, biglycan, and lumican. Interestingly, human plasminogen was not cleaved by proteases present in the supernatants. Proteolytic activity was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting the participation of metalloproteases. Moreover, production of proteases might be an important virulence determinant since culture-attenuated or saprophytic Leptospira did not display proteolytic activity against ECM or plasma components. Exoproteomic analysis allowed the identification of three metalloproteases that could be involved in the degradation of host components. The ability to cleave conjunctive tissue molecules and coagulation cascade proteins may certainly contribute to invasion and tissue destruction observed upon infection with Leptospira.
Oncogenic features of neuromedin U in breast cancer are associated with NMUR2 expression involving crosstalk with members of the WNT signaling pathway

Neuromedin U (NMU) has been shown driving the progression of various tumor entities, including breast cancer. However, the expression pattern of NMU and its receptors in breast cancer tissues as well as systematic insight into mechanisms and downstream targets of the NMU-driven signaling pathways are still elusive. Here, NMU expression was found up-regulated in all breast cancer subtypes when compared to healthy breast tissue. Using an in silico dataset comprising 1,195 samples, high NMU expression was identified as an indicator of poor outcome in breast tumors showing strong NMUR2 expression. Next, the biological impact of NMU on breast cancer cells in relation to NMUR2 expression was analyzed. Ectopic NMU expression reduced colony growth while promoting a motile phenotype in NMUR2-positive SKBR3 but not NMUR2-negative Hs578T cells. To uncover signaling pathways and key molecules affected by NMU in SKBR3 cells, Affymetrix microarray analysis was applied. Forced NMU expression affected molecules involved in WNT receptor signaling among others. As such we demonstrated enhanced activation of the WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) effector RAC1 and down-regulation of canonical WNT targets such as MYC. In summary, NMU might contribute to progression of NMUR2-positive breast cancer representing a potential druggable target for future personalized strategies.
Scientific Fraud

Opinions on how to handle scientific fraud and misconduct are often one-sided. This is exemplified by the editorial(FASEB j 5:2507-2508; 1991) aswell as the article (FASEBJ 5:2512-2515; 1991), both written by Barbara C. Hansen and Kenneth D. Hansen. The very first paragraph of their article, commenting on the sanctions imposed on Galileo by “the institution’ (and thus by inference drawing a parallel to modern day affairs) had an offensive “Willie Horton” quality to it, and was a direct play to the emotions. And while it is common knowledge that institutions can be bureaucratic, selfinterested, authoritarian, power-hungry, etc., it is important to realize that in discussing fraud/misconduct in science, there are two institutions to consider: the governmental institution and the scientific institution. Unfortunately, these articles only considered the faults and problems of the former and how to avoid them. Little mention was made of problems of the latter. The authors of these two articles as well as other scientists have expressed concern for the rights of the accused, and how these have been compromised at times by the Office of Scientific Integrity (OSI) and Congress; however, concern for the rights of the person who may be a threat to the institution, i.e., the accuser, is rarely mentioned. Similarly, in their article the authors warn us of the apparent liberties taken in interpreting the 1986 Congressional amendment (Section 493) to the PHS Act, and as an antidote, in their editorial they suggest strongly limiting investigations of fraud to the scientific institution, with OSI playing only a peripheral role. However, this solution does not address important issues: how to achieve equity if each scientific institution can have its own set of procedures (the authors think this is important to avoid conformity, not realizing that for some issues conformity ensures fairness), how to assure that a
Biodegradation and mineralization of isotopically labeled TNT and RDX in anaerobic marine sediments

The lack of knowledge on the fate of explosive compounds 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX), particularly in marine ecosystems, constrains the application of bioremediation techniques in explosive‐contaminated coastal sites. The authors present a comparative study on anaerobic biodegradation and mineralization of 15N‐nitro group isotopically labeled TNT and RDX in organic carbon–rich, fine‐grained marine sediment with native microbial assemblages. Separate sediment slurry experiments were carried out for TNT and RDX at 23°C for 16 d. Dissolved and sediment‐sorbed fractions of parent and transformation products, isotopic compositions of sediment, and mineralization products of the dissolved inorganic N pool (15NH4+,15NO3–,15NO2–, and 15N2) were measured. The rate of TNT removal from the aqueous phase was faster (0.75 h−1) than that of RDX (0.37 h−1), and 15N accumulation in sediment was higher in the TNT (13%) than the RDX (2%) microcosms. Mono‐amino‐dinitrotoluenes were identified as intermediate biodegradation products of TNT. Two percent of the total spiked TNT‐N is mineralized to dissolved inorganic N through 2 different pathways: denitration as well as deamination and formation of NH4+, facilitated by iron and sulfate reducing bacteria in the sediments. The majority of the spiked TNT‐N (85%) is in unidentified pools by day 16. Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (10%) biodegrades to nitroso derivatives, whereas 13% of RDX‐N in nitro groups is mineralized to dissolved inorganic N anaerobically by the end of the experiment. The primary identified mineralization end product of RDX (40%) is NH4+, generated through either deamination or mono‐denitration, followed by ring breakdown. A reasonable production of N2 gas (13%) was seen in the RDX system but not in the TNT system. Sixty‐eight percent of the total spiked RDX‐N is in an unidentified pool by day 16 and may include unquantified mineralization products dissolved in water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1170–1180. © 2016 SETAC
Helpfulness of Online Product Reviews as Seen by Consumers: Source and Content Features

Online product reviews are important determinants of consumers' purchase decision. Although prior research has articulated various benefits of online product reviews, there are few investigations into whether or not they are perceived as helpful by consumers. Product review helpfulness is conceptualized as a second-order formative construct, which is manifested by perceived source credibility, perceived content diagnosticity, and perceived vicarious expression of the product review. In this study, we conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate product review helpfulness as well as its corresponding antecedents from the product review feature perspective (i.e., source- and content-based review features). Findings from the study are threefold. First, the results of the data analysis support the theoretical conceptualization of product review helpfulness as a formative construct. Second, the results support the notion that the source- and content-based review features have direct impact on product review helpfulness. Consumers perceive customer-written product reviews as more helpful than those written by experts; they also perceive a concrete review as more helpful than an abstract review. Third, we find an interaction effect of the source- and content-based features of product reviews on review helpfulness. A customer-written product review with a low level of content abstractness yields the highest perceived review helpfulness.
Health-Related Quality of Life Trajectories During Predialysis Care and Associated Illness Perceptions

Objective: To identify health-related quality of life (HRQOL) trajectories during 18 months of predialysis care and associated patient characteristics and illness perceptions. Method: 396 incident predialysis patients participating in the prospective PREdialysis PAtient REcord-2 study completed every 6 months the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (i.e., mental and physical HRQOL) and Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire. HRQOL trajectories were examined using latent class growth models, and associated baseline factors were identified using logistic regression. Analyses for illness perceptions were adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Three physical HRQOL trajectories (low-stable [34.1% of the sample], medium-declining [32.5%], and high-increasing [33.4%]) and two mental HRQOL trajectories (low-stable [38.7%] and high-stable [61.3%]) were identified. Increased odds for a low-stable physical HRQOL trajectory were detected in older patients (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.04), patients with cardiovascular disease (OR = 2.1) and patients who believed to a lesser extent they can personally control their disease (ORadj = 0.88). Increased odds for both a low-stable physical and mental HRQOL trajectory were detected in patients who believed to a higher extent that their disease is cyclical, has negative consequences, causes negative feelings, and in patients who believed to a lesser extent they understand their disease (ORadj ranged between 0.84 and 1.36). Additionally, patients who attributed more symptoms to their disease had increased odds for a medium-declining (ORadj = 1.21) and low-stable physical HRQOL trajectory (ORadj = 1.50). Conclusions: Older age and cardiovascular disease are markers for unfavorable physical HRQOL trajectories, and stronger negative illness perceptions are markers for unfavorable physical and mental HRQOL trajectories. Targeting negative illness perceptions could possibly optimize HRQOL during predialysis care.
Protective effects of curcumin and beta-carotene on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity: An experimental rat model

Objective Cisplatin (CDDP) has been known to be an effective antineoplastic drug; however, it has a cardiotoxic effect. Curcumin (CMN) and beta-carotene (BC) have been suggested to protect biological systems against CDDP-induced damage. The current study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective roles of CMN and BC on CDDP-induced cardiotoxicity in rat cardiac tissues. Methods A total of 49 adult female Wistar albino rats were equally divided into seven groups as follows control (no medication), sesame oil (1 mg/kg), CDDP (single dose injection two times as once a week, 5 mg/kg/week), BC (100 mg/kg), CDDP+BC (pretreated BC for 30 min before CDDP injection), CMN (200 mg/kg), and CDDP+CMN (pretreated CMN for 30 min before CDDP injection). These treatments were applied intraperitoneally for CDDP and with gavage for CMN and BC. The oxidative/antioxidant indicators, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological alterations were examined. Results These alterations included a marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, significant decrease in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and significant elevation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6 in the CDDP group compared with the other groups. Histopathologically, CDDP-induced severe myocardial degenerative changes were observed. However, the CDDP-induced disturbances in the above-mentioned parameters significantly improved by treatment with BC and particularly CMN. Conclusion This study indicated that CDDP treatment markedly caused cardiotoxicity; however, treatment with CMN or BC ameliorated this cardiotoxicity in rats. Furthermore, these findings revealed that treatment with CMN has a higher cardioprotective effect than that with BC against CDDP-induced cardiotoxicity in rat cardiac tissues.