Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local zero estimates and effective division in rings of algebraic power series

We give a necessary condition for algebraicity of finite modules over the ring of formal power series. This condition is given in terms of local zero estimates. In fact we show that this condition is also sufficient when the module is a ring with some additional properties. To prove this result we show an effective Weierstrass Division Theorem and an effective solution to the Ideal Membership Problem in rings of algebraic power series. Finally we apply these results to prove a gap theorem for power series which are remainders of the Grauert-Hironaka-Galligo Division Theorem.
Sodium Channel β2 Subunits Regulate Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Sodium Channels in Small Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Modulate the Response to Pain

Voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1) β2 subunits modulate channel gating, assembly, and cell-surface expression in CNS neurons in vitro and in vivo. β2 expression increases in sensory neurons after nerve injury, and development of mechanical allodynia in the spared nerve injury model is attenuated in β2-null mice. Thus, we hypothesized that β2 modulates electrical excitability in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vivo. We compared sodium currents (INa) in small DRG neurons from β2+/+ and β2−/− mice to determine the effects of β2 on tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) and tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Nav1 in vivo. Small-fast DRG neurons acutely isolated from β2−/− mice showed significant decreases in TTX-S INa compared with β2+/+ neurons. This decrease included a 51% reduction in maximal sodium conductance with no detectable changes in the voltage dependence of activation or inactivation. TTX-S, but not TTX-R, INa activation and inactivation kinetics in these cells were slower in β2−/− mice compared with controls. The selective regulation of TTX-S INa was supported by reductions in transcript and protein levels of TTX-S Nav1s, particularly Nav1.7. Low-threshold mechanical sensitivity was preserved in β2−/− mice, but they were more sensitive to noxious thermal stimuli than wild type whereas their response during the late phase of the formalin test was attenuated. Our results suggest that β2 modulates TTX-S Nav1 mRNA and protein expression resulting in increased TTX-S INa and increases the rates of TTX-S Nav1 activation and inactivation in small-fast DRG neurons in vivo. TTX-R INa were not significantly modulated by β2.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems ( PACIS ) 2014 WHAT IS IT IN A NAME ? AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF BRAND IMITATION IN MOBILE APP

While millions of users feel pity for the removal of Flappy Bird, many Flappy Bird copycats are flowing into the mobile app stores and even rocket up the top rank charts. In the highly competitive mobile app stores, imitating the names of “superstar” apps is a tactic shared by developers. In this paper, we examine the effects of this strategy – how and to what extent it influences the imitator apps’ downloads. To achieve a better understanding, we also investigate the imitation-related factors that affect the imitators’ downloads. With a dataset from Google Play, we evaluate the research questions with propensity score matching and linear regression. The results suggest that, on average, imitating the names of “superstar” apps brings imitators an improvement in downloads. This positive effect is influenced by the number of “superstar” apps that the imitator’s name looks like, the name similarity level, functional similarity and price difference between the imitator and “superstar” apps. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Taxonomy and Theory in Computer Supported Cooperative Work

In the mid-1980s, when most hands-on computer use was still confined to one person and one computer, a group comprising social scientists and technologists began convening under the label Computer Support Cooperative Work to discuss how technology could support groups, organizations, and communities. The resulting research, presented in annual conferences and journals, has had to adjust to the extraordinary growth of activity as the Internet and World Wide Web have transformed work. In this chapter, we examine the evolution of the participants and topics covered in CSCW, the frameworks and typologies that have been used, and we discuss the diverse if somewhat limited roles that theory has played in guiding CSCW research and application.
Psychological Status and Patient-Assessed Health Instruments in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Background:Determination of the relationships between disease and psychological status in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is needed for clinical assessment and management, as well as selection and monitoring of AS patients for biological therapy. Objective:The study aimed to describe associations between self-reported health status and psychological factors in AS patients and to compare the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) profiles of the AS patients and the control subjects. Methods:Disease status was determined through the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), and the Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI). Psychological status was measured using the SCL-90-R. Results:BASDAI and BASFI scores correlated with somatization, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, depression, and hostility subscales of SCL-90-R (P ≤ 0.05). BASFI scores were significantly correlated with interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety subscales of SCL-90-R (P < 0.05), whereas no correlation was observed between BASDAI and interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety subscales. BASMI scores were significantly correlated with somatization and interpersonal sensitivity subscales (P < 0.05). After age and sex adjustments, a statistically significant difference was determined between the somatization scores of the AS patients and control subjects (P = 0.005). Conclusion:AS is a chronic disease, which causes deformities and workforce decline. This, in turn, might lead to psychological distress. There is a need to assess the mood of patients with AS. Completion of self-report assessment tools are potentially confounded by reporting biases that result from psychological factors. Some patients may overreport symptoms or disability because of a tendency to somatize. Thus, during interpretation of these tools, psychological status should be taken into account especially deciding the treatment regimen including biologic therapies.
Intelligence Without Reason

Computers and Thought are the two categories that together define Artificial Intelligence as a discipline. It is generally accepted that work in Artificial Intelligence over the last thirty years has had a strong influence on aspects of computer architectures. In this paper we also make the converse claim; that the state of computer architecture has been a strong influence on our models of thought. The Von Neumann model of computation has lead Artificial Intelligence in particular directions. Intelligence in biological systems is completely different. Recent work in behavior-based Artificial Intelligence has produced new models of intelligence that are much closer in spirit to biological systems. The non-Von Neumann computational models they use share many characteristics with biological computation.
On the Similarity of Functional Connectivity between Neurons Estimated across Timescales

A central objective in neuroscience is to understand how neurons interact. Such functional interactions have been estimated using signals recorded with different techniques and, consequently, different temporal resolutions. For example, spike data often have sub-millisecond resolution while some imaging techniques may have a resolution of many seconds. Here we use multi-electrode spike recordings to ask how similar functional connectivity inferred from slower timescale signals is to the one inferred from fast timescale signals. We find that functional connectivity is relatively robust to low-pass filtering—dropping by about 10% when low pass filtering at 10 hz and about 50% when low pass filtering down to about 1 Hz—and that estimates are robust to high levels of additive noise. Moreover, there is a weak correlation for physiological filters such as hemodynamic or Ca2+ impulse responses and filters based on local field potentials. We address the origin of these correlations using simulation techniques and find evidence that the similarity between functional connectivity estimated across timescales is due to processes that do not depend on fast pair-wise interactions alone. Rather, it appears that connectivity on multiple timescales or common-input related to stimuli or movement drives the observed correlations. Despite this qualification, our results suggest that techniques with intermediate temporal resolution may yield good estimates of the functional connections between individual neurons.
A graphically based language for constructing, executing and analysing models of software systems

With computer systems becoming ever larger and more complex, the cost and effort associated with their construction is increasing and the systems are now sufficiently complex that developers need help to analyse and understand them. However, at design time, when this understanding is crucial, the system is unavailable because it has yet to be built. Formal, executable models can help with this problem by providing developers with a platform on which to establish the feasibility of a proposed design. However, commercial developers seem reluctant to employ this type of modelling in their design activity. This paper describes a modelling tool in which the traditional model generation technique of writing "programming language like" code is replaced with a model generation tool which uses a graphical representation of models whilst retaining sufficient formality to permit the models to be executed, or converted into code for analysis by a traditional model checking tool.
Crystallization Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Microinjection Molded High Density Polyethylene Parts

Abstract Ultra-thin high density polyethylene (HDPE) parts with two different molecular weights were prepared by microinjection molding (MIM). The dependence of crystalline morphology and orientation, as well as the resulting mechanical properties of the samples, on molecular weight is described. The toughness of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) sample was over 2 times that of the low-molecular-weight (LMW) one, in parallel with a significant increase of tensile strength. Microstructure characterizations, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), were performed to investigate the variations of the microstructure. It is suggested that the increased crystallinity and higher degree of both molecular and lamellar orientation were beneficial to the enhancement of strength of the HMW sample. SAXS results showed that a highly oriented crystalline structure, i.e. shish-kebabs, were formed in parts of both of the two HDPE. Furthermore, a larger number of shish and kebab structure or lamellae was formed in the HMW sample due to the fact that the crystallinity was increased and the lamellar thickness and lateral crystallite size was reduced. Therefore, a stronger physical cross-linking network was formed in the HMW sample because of the increased connection points, which was in favor of the notable improvement of toughness. We suggest this issue is of great significance for achieving materials with high performance by tailoring the microstructure.
Accommodation Causes With-the-Rule Astigmatism in Emmetropes

Purpose To measure the changes in astigmatism when bilateral emmetropes accommodate. Methods Bilateral emmetropes accommodative responses were measured with an improved photorefractometer PR-1100, which measured binocular refraction in all meridians simultaneously as a fixation target was shown in natural space. Results The accommodative responses in the vertical meridian are greater than those in the horizontal meridian. In the horizontal meridian, the accommodative responses are less than the accommodative stimulus. Conclusions When accommodating the majority of bilateral emmetropes show with-the-rule astigmatism and lag of accommodation in the horizontal meridian.
Neurochemical correlates of cortical plasticity after unilateral elevated intraocular pressure in a primate model of glaucoma.

PURPOSE To examine the time course of changes in the expression patterns of several synaptic plasticity markers in the primary visual cortex after unilateral elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in a primate model of glaucoma. METHODS A monkey model of experimental glaucoma was combined with immunohistochemical and histochemical methods to assess changes in expression patterns and metabolic activity of cortical neurons in V1. RESULTS Experimental unilateral glaucoma altered the spatial and temporal distribution of several neurochemicals associated with cortical plasticity in V1 of the primate. Within-animal comparisons of immunohistochemical studies revealed that GABAa receptor protein and GAP-43 were significantly lower in glaucomatous versus normal eye bands after 2, 4, and 7 months of elevated IOP. SYN immunoreactivity was also lower in the glaucomatous versus the normal eye bands but only at 4 months of elevated IOP. CAMKIIalpha immunoreactivity levels were higher in the glaucomatous versus the normal eye bands. Between-animal comparisons revealed that the levels of GAP-43 and SYN were upregulated, whereas levels of GABAa receptor protein were downregulated, in glaucomatous eyes when compared with levels in the visual cortex of normal animals. CONCLUSIONS Unilateral elevation of IOP affects both the metabolic activity of cortical neurons and the expressed levels of GAP-43, SYN, GABAa receptor protein, and CAMKIIalpha, as measured immunohistochemically in the primary visual cortex of adult monkeys. Because these neurochemicals are thought to be necessary for synaptic plasticity, their redistribution may support functional recovery of cortical neurons after damage to retinal ganglion cells induced by elevated IOP.
Linking Requirements and Testing in Practice

An increasing number of organizations are interested in binding requirements and testing more closely together. Based on a series of practitioner interviews conducted in five Finnish organizations, this paper presents a set of good practices that can be applied to create a stronger link between requirements engineering and testing. These practices include early tester participation particularly in requirements reviews, setting up traceability policies, taking feature requests from testers into account, and linking testing personnel with requirement owners. Due to reported hardships in implementing complete test traceability to requirements, communication links between testers and requirement owners are suggested in order to overcome the deficiencies of document links.
Antinuclear antibodies and juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA): search for a specific autoantibody associated with JCA.

The term 'antinuclear antibodies' refers. to a diverse group of autoantibodies which are directed against antigens normally (but not exclusively) found in the nucleus. Within the field of paediatric rheumatology antinuclear antibodies are of considerable interest as they are found in most children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). ' The relation between JCA and antinuclear antibodies was first reported over 30 years ago.2 A further 14 years elapsed before the clinical importance of these antibodies in predicting the complication of chronic anterior uveitis was recognised.3 Antinuclear antibodies are an alnost universal finding in the clinical 'syndrome' of early onset pauciarticular JCA with chronic anterior uveitis. It is unlikely, however, that this syndrome has a single cause. Several infectious agents have been implicated in the cause of diseases which are clinically indistinguishable from JCA.4 5 In addition, there may be considerable overlap between JCA and other rheumatic conditions, such as juvenile psoriatic arthritis6 and systemic lupus erythematosus.7 Probably, chronic childhood arthritis is the 'final common pathway' for many different diseases with different causes, and the term 'JCA' covers a heterogeneous group of diseases. If JCA is due to several causes, and if each cause is associated with specific antinuclear antibodies, children with clinically identical disease might be expected to have antibodies of different specificities. It may be illogical to expect one antinuclear antibody specific for JCA. Even the clinically useful splitting of JCA into onset subtypes (pauciarticular, polyarticular, and systemic) may have little biological relevance, and therefore may not correlate with specific antinuclear antibodies. For convenience, we will continue to refer to 'JCA' in this article, and will use the term interchangeably with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, while recognising that it is unlikely that either term refers to a single disease entity. Antinuclear antibodies of defined specificities have been strongly associated with other autoimmune diseases, and some have even been implicated in disease pathogenesisfor example, antibodies to double stranded DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus,8 9and anti-Ro and anti-La in congenital complete heart block. ' At the present time little is known about the specificity of antinuclear antibodies in JCA. The aims of this paper are (a) to summarise current knowledge about antinuclear antibodies associated with JCA; (b) to highlight some possible directions for future research; and (c) to suggest avenues for using these antibodies to increase our understanding about the cause, pathogenesis, and even treatment of chronic childhood arthritis. Much of this article is speculative, but hopefully will generate discussion and research which will lead to a better understanding of antinuclear antibodies in general, and those associated with JCA in particular.
Preliminary report of the asian‐oceanian clinical oncology association randomized trial comparing cisplatin and epirubicin followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in the treatment of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The aim of this trial was to compare the outcome achieved with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy to that achieved with radiotherapy alone for patients with locoregionally advanced undifferentiated or poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) meeting one of the following criteria: Ho's T3 disease, Ho's N2‐N3 disease, or lymph node size ≥3 cm.
Relative Efficiency of Alpha-Beta Implementations

Most of the data on the relative efficiency of different implementations of the alpha-beta algorithm is neither readily available nor in a form suitable for easy comparisons. In the present study four enhancements to the alpha-beta algorithm--iterative deepening, aspiration search, memory tables and principal variation search--are compared separately and in various combinations to determine the most effective alpha-beta implementation. The rationale for this work is to ensure that new parallel algorithms incorporate the best sequential techniques. Rather than relying on simulation or searches of specially constructed trees, a simple chess program was used to provide a uniform basis for comparisons.
Benefits of Membership: The Activation and Amplification of Group Identities in Response to Social Rejection

Groups vary in the range of benefits they provide to members, but one potential benefit of membership is a confirmation of individuals' sense of belonging to a larger social whole. The current studies present an exploration of this potential benefit by examining the activation and amplification of group identities and memberships following rejection. Results demonstrate that rejected participants exhibited heightened activation of group constructs, social identities, and idiosyncratic group memberships (Studies 1 and 2) and judged their own groups to be more entitative (meaningful and cohesive) than other groups (Study 3) as compared to controls. Moreover, heightened activation of group constructs and entitative group memberships after rejection was associated with higher self-esteem (Studies 1 and 2) and more positive mood (Study 4). The potential use of group identity activation and amplification as an indirect belonging regulation strategy is discussed within the context of a broader belonging regulation model.
SKF83959 Is a Potent Allosteric Modulator of Sigma-1 Receptor

SKF83959 (3-methyl-6-chloro-7,8-hydroxy-1-[3-methylphenyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine), an atypical dopamine receptor-1 (D1 receptor) agonist, has shown many D1 receptor–independent effects, such as neuroprotection, blockade of Na+ channel, and promotion of spontaneous glutamate release, which resemble the effects of the sigma-1 receptor activation. In the present work, we explored the potential modulation of SKF83959 on the sigma-1 receptor. The results indicated that SKF83959 dramatically promoted the binding of 3H(+)-pentazocine (a selective sigma-1 receptor agonist) to the sigma-1 receptor in brain and liver tissues but produced no effect on 3H-progesterone binding (a sigma-1 receptor antagonist). The saturation assay and the dissociation kinetics assay confirmed the allosteric effect. We further demonstrated that the SKF83959 analogs, such as SCH22390 [(R)-(1)-7-chloro-8- hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride] and SKF38393 [(+/-)-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide], also showed the similar allosteric effect on the sigma-1 receptor in the liver tissue but not in the brain tissue. Moreover, all three tested chemicals elicited no significant effect on 3H-1,3-di(2-tolyl)-guanidine (3H-DTG) binding to the sigma-2 receptor. The present data uncovered a new role of SKF83959 and its analogs on the sigma-1 receptor, which, in turn, may reveal the underlying mechanism for the D1 receptor–independent effect of the drug.
Concept of a multi sensor and freely configurable patient table for CT applications

Abstract Conventional computed tomography (CT) systems are encapsulated in hardware and software. Integration of further imaging modalities and sensors which can acquire prior knowledge for dose saving image acquisition and reconstruction techniques are barely possible. Within the scope of our research project, an open interface and freely configurable CT system is now being developed. The integration of further modalities and sensors into this system is a main target. A subproject deals with a multi sensor patient table, which provides additional information through integrated sensors. In particular, force sensors are installed inside the patient table to determine the patient’s mass. This value can be used to specify the required tube voltage, so that a more precise setting can be made in comparison to today‘s clinical practice. Studys show that a more precise kVp estimation can significantly reduce patient dose. Sensors for the monitoring of respiration and pulse are also integrated into the setup of the patient table. On the one hand, these are designed to encourage the patients to minimize disturbing movements and on the other hand to generate trigger signals for the examination. In addition to the sensor concept of the table, a position control system for vertical and horizontal movement of the table is integrated. The position of the table can be adjusted using different input devices so that a fast and intuitive handling of the table movement can be achieved for standard diagnostic and CT guided interventional procedures. The communication between all sensors, actors and the CT ist realized via the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework.