Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Correlates of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Switching in the Women's Interagency HIV Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the variability in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens over time, the extent to which individuals switch, and the characteristics of those who are switching. Methods: We evaluated data collected between 1994 and 2000 from 1056 HIV‐positive women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who reported initiating HAART. We described the variability and prevalence of changes in HAART regimens between semiannual visits, estimated time to switch using Kaplan‐Meier methods, investigated factors associated with a first switch using Cox proportional hazards models, and compared disease markers among women switching or remaining on unchanged HAART regimens. Results: We demonstrated a 13‐fold increase in the number of unique HAART regimens reported since mid‐1996 and showed that the amount of time spent on the first, second, or third regimen is similar, with an 8‐month median time to switching or discontinuing the initial HAART regimen. Women who switched had a lower mean CD4 cell count and were more likely to have HIV RNA levels greater than 400 copies/mL. Overall, the percentage of women switching decreased over the course of follow‐up (to 37% in September 2000), although the percentage discontinuing therapy altogether increased 2‐fold. Conclusion: Our findings on the relatively high rate of HAART switching emphasize the complexity of managing and evaluating these therapies.
Adolescent Overscheduling: The Relationship Between Levels of Participation in Scheduled Activities and Self-Reported Clinical Symptomology

The past 20 to 30 years has seen an increase in the time children and adolescents spend in structured activities outside of the regular school day. This has resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of free time children and youth have for leisure time activities. While much discussion has been given to this topic in the popular press, little systematic research has been conducted addressing this issue. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there is a relationship between the number of regularly scheduled activities in which adolescents are involved, the amount of time adolescents spend participating in these activities, and self-reports of anxiety, depression, and physical complaints. Results indicated that the greater the amount of time students reported participating in activities both at the time of the study and for the entire year, the higher their self-reported level of anxiety tended to be. Similar results were not observed for depression or somatization.
From Bengali to English: sequential bilingualism of a second-generation British Bangladeshi

The paper discusses sequential language acquisition of the researcher's daughter Safa who transformed from a monolingual Bengali speaker to an almost monolingual English speaker in a few months after moving to the UK. Safa was born in Bangladesh and was a monolingual Bengali speaker until she was three years and nine months when the family moved to the UK. Unlike most research on sequential bilingualism, Safa's transition from Bengali to English went through a period of an invented language, which she developed and used for a few months. Safa then underwent language shift as Bengali became her passive language. Safa's loss of fluency in Bengali was mainly due to the absence of Bengali linguistic environment, because her family lived outside the community. Safa's mother's indifference to Bangladeshi ethnicity and her parents’ positive attitude towards Britishness meant that her decline in Bengali did not cause them much concern. Despite the lack of proficiency in Bengali, Safa still retains a strong ethnic Bangladeshi identity. Tabors and Snow’s four-stage developmental process of sequential second-language acquisition has been applied to find the similarities and differences in Safa's case, while language maintenance and shift theories have contributed to the analysis of the process of her language shift.
Optimizing the Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Gradient-Echo (MP-RAGE) Sequence

The three-dimension (3D) magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence is one of the most popular sequences for structural brain imaging in clinical and research settings. The sequence captures high tissue contrast and provides high spatial resolution with whole brain coverage in a short scan time. In this paper, we first computed the optimal k-space sampling by optimizing the contrast of simulated images acquired with the MP-RAGE sequence at 3.0 Tesla using computer simulations. Because the software of our scanner has only limited settings for k-space sampling, we then determined the optimal k-space sampling for settings that can be realized on our scanner. Subsequently we optimized several major imaging parameters to maximize normal brain tissue contrasts under the optimal k-space sampling. The optimal parameters are flip angle of 12°, effective inversion time within 900 to 1100 ms, and delay time of 0 ms. In vivo experiments showed that the quality of images acquired with our optimal protocol was significantly higher than that of images obtained using recommended protocols in prior publications. The optimization of k-spacing sampling and imaging parameters significantly improved the quality and detection sensitivity of brain images acquired with MP-RAGE.
The handbook of near-death experiences: Thirty years of investigation.

This book reviewed research into near-death experiences (NDEs) that has transpired since the 1975 publication of Raymond Moody’s classic book Life After Life. The Handbook’s editors based its contents on material presented at the 2006 International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS) Conference at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. The editors were Jan Holden, Ed.D. , professor of counseling and Chair of the Department of Counseling and Higher Education at the University of North Texas, an expert in research conducted on NDEs since 1877; Bruce Greyson, M.D., professor of psychiatry and Director of the University of Virginia Medical School’s Division of Perceptual Studies, the premiere center for scientific research into life after death; and Debbie James, M.S.N, R.N. , Senior Instructor of Nursing at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center’s Nursing Education Department, who has orchestrated almost all of the IANDS conferences ever held. Normally an edited book that is based on a conference is simply a collection of the papers presented. However, The Handbook is a much more cohesive and coherent product due to the extensive editing and consolidation of the presented topics. The editors have suc-
Hazardous Doping for Photo-Electrochemical Conversion: The Case of Nb-Doped Fe2O3 from First Principles

The challenge of improving the efficiency of photo-electrochemical devices is often addressed through doping. However, this strategy could harm performance. Specifically, as demonstrated in a recent experiment, doping one of the most widely used materials for water splitting, iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), with niobium (Nb) can still result in limited efficiency. In order to better understand the hazardous effect of doping, we use Density Functional Theory (DFT)+U for the case of Nb-doped Fe2O3. We find a direct correlation between the charge of the dopant, the charge on the surface of the Fe2O3 material, and the overpotential required for water oxidation reaction. We believe that this work contributes to advancing our understanding of how to select effective dopants for materials.
Assessing Young Language Learners

In this book the author builds a comprehensive framework for the assessment of young language learners in both foreign language and second language learning situations. She begins by considering why we need a special book on young learner assessment, and describes the nature of young learner language learning. The assessment approach is task-based and is centred around tasks and techniques suitable for young learners, with particular emphasis on classroom assessment. Oral language assessment, and reading and writing assessment are addressed in separate chapters, as is the large-scale testing of young learners. Underpinned by sound theory, the book is full of practical guidelines, and draws on examples of assessment contexts, issues and practices from around the world. Assessing Young Language Learners was winner of the Kenneth W Mildenberger Prize in 2006.
Taste acceptance of Captopril and Furosemide Extemporaneous Oral Pediatric Formulations among Hospitalized Children

Many pediatric patients require medications that are not available in age appropriate formulations, especially those with cardiovascular diseases. The use of a suitable vehicle is critical for the preparation of extemporaneous formulations with the expected effect. Considering that palatability is essential to treatment adherence in children, we analyzed the acceptance of extemporaneous formulations of Captopril and Furosemide prepared using a developed vehicle in three flavors: neutral, strawberry and mint. Formulations were administered to hospitalized pediatric patients as prescribed. Acceptance was evaluated through the guardians using the hedonic scale and compared with the researcher’s observation. Formulations in neutral and strawberry flavors were considered acceptable for both drugs. Correlation between results from both methods was moderate for Captopril and absent for Furosemide. Neutral taste results showed that the addition of flavoring agents did not improve acceptance. Since it is recommended to avoid components in formulations for infants and newborns, unless strictly necessary, it is important to identify excipients that are dispensable.
Mean Girls and Tough Boys: Children's Meaning Making and Media Literacy Lessons on Gender and Bullying in the United States

This study examines children's thinking about media content and processes in the context of portrayals of gender and bullying. As part of a critical thinking-centered media literacy curriculum, sixty-five sixth graders in the United States responded to questions about depictions of gender roles and bullying in their favorite media content or in content they would create as media producers. A grounded theory analysis of responses revealed students' various levels of thinking, ranging from direct application of lesson concepts to evaluation and critique of media content. The analysis also suggested the conditions under which students demonstrated more or less advanced meaning-making processes. These findings highlight the dynamic and context-dependent nature of media literacy, as well as the unique and varying levels of thinking children enact as media users. The success of the curriculum in encouraging children's independent thinking supports the value of bridging the empowerment and protectionist perspectives on media literacy education.
Oxidation of ethyl acetate by a high performance nanostructure (Ni, Mn)-Ag/ZSM-5 bimetallic catalysts and development of an artificial neural networks predictive modeling

The catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate in low concentration was investigated over mono-metallic Ag/ZSM5 and bimetallic (Ni, Mn)-Ag/ZSM-5 catalysts. Catalytic studies were carried out in a catalytic fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure. The sequence of catalytic activity was as follows: Ni-Ag-ZSM-5 > Mn-Ag-ZSM-5 > Ag-ZSM-5 > H-ZSM-5. The catalysts were characterized by ICP-AES, X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature nitrogen adsorption, NH3-TPD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectra (UV–vis). An artificial neural networks (ANN) model was developed to predict the performance of catalytic oxidation process over bimetallic Ni-Ag/ZSM-5 catalyst based on experimental data. For this purpose the standard feed forward back propagation algorithm was employed to train the model by using laboratory experimental data. A good agreement was resulted between experimental results and those obtained by ANN. Following order for variables effects on conversion yield of ethyl acetate was predicted by ANN model: reaction temperature (32.99%) > Ag loading (27.38%) > initial ethyl acetate concentration (23.58%) > Ni loading (16.05%).
On a Hypercycle System with Nonlinear Rate

We study a (N +1)−hypercyclical reaction-diffusion system with nonlinear reaction rate n. It is shown that there exists a critical threshold N0 such that for N ≤ N0 the system is stable while for N > N0 it becomes unstable. It is also shown that for large reaction rate n, N0 remains a constant: in fact for n ≥ n0 ∼ 3.35, N0 = 5 and for n < n0 ∼ 3.35, N0 = 4. Some more general reaction-diffusion systems of N + 1 equations are also considered.
STEMI Outcomes in Guangzhou and Hong Kong: Two-Centre Retrospective Interregional Study

Background and Objectives Healthcare systems are organized very differently in Hong Kong (HK) and Guangzhou (GZ). This study compared managements of the emergency departments (ED) and one-year mortalities of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in two teaching hospitals in Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Methods Retrospective observational study of STEMI mortalities and treatments in the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (AHGZMU), was conducted between January and December 2010. The primary outcome was one-year all cause mortality. Results Univariate analysis of 76 cases from PWH and 111 cases from AHGZMU showed similar clinical characteristics, except for lower proportions of males (74% vs 92%, P = 0.002), hyperlipidemia (5% vs 25%, P<0.001), and Killip class I (56% vs 91%; P<0.001) in AHGZMU. The onset-to-door time of STEMI patients in AHGZMU was longer than in PWH (median 205 min [(IQR: 95–432) vs 120 min (IQR: 55–225), P = 0.001]. In AHGZMU, 85 (77%) patients received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) as the main reperfusion treatment, whereas 18 (24%) received PPCI and 51 (67%) patients received thrombolytic therapy in PWH. Overall the one-year mortality in AHGZMU was 20%, whilst in PWH it was 14% (P = 0.436). The standardized one-year all-cause mortality ratios for AHGZMU and PWH were comparable (18.7 vs. 18.2%, P = 0894). Independent predictors of one-year mortality included older age (>67 years) and hyperglycemia (>10 mmol/L). Aged over 65 years, presence of anterior wall infarct, body weight ≤65 kg, SBP <100 mmHg at ED and glucose level >10 mmol/L were the independent predictors of in-hospital MACE. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference between the standardized one-year all-cause mortalities of STEMI patients in the setting mainly using thrombolysis with shorter door-to-treatment time and the setting mainly using PCI with longer door-to-treatment time. Aged over 67 years and glucose level over 10 mmol/L were the independent predictors of one-year mortality. Older age, presence of anterior wall infarct, lower body weight, lower SBP at ED and hyperglycemia were the independent predictors of in-hospital MACE.
Psychometric Data On The Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale

Descriptive measurement reliability and validity data are reported on scores from the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES) in two contexts—class and test—for a sample of 302 Australian high school students. Summated scores on the MSES correlated r = . 74, and together these items yielded one component that explained 49% of the variance. MSES scores demonstrated internal reliability for both class and test (Cronbach alphas = .86 and .90). Statistically significant correlations between MSES scores, past mathematics grades, and Marsh’s Self-Description Questionnaire III (Math) were used to indicate the convergent validity of scores for the MSES. Discriminant validity of the MSES scores was suggested by the lack of significant correlations between the MSES measures and students’ desired English grades. Statistically significant correlations between MSES scores and students’ desired mathematics grades indicated concurrent validity of the MSES measures. A statistically significant difference between class and test scores supported Bandura’s prescription for context specificity in efficacy research.
Does aging impair the capacity to use stored visuospatial information or online visual control to guide reach-to-grasp reactions evoked by unpredictable balance perturbation?

BACKGROUND Rapid reach-to-grasp reactions are a prevalent response to sudden loss of balance and play an important role in preventing falls. A previous study indicated that young adults are able to guide functionally effective grasping reactions using visuospatial information (VSI) stored in working memory. The present study addressed whether healthy older adults are also able to use "stored" VSI in this manner or are more dependent on "online" visual control. METHODS Liquid-crystal goggles were used to force reliance on either stored or online VSI while reaching to grasp a small handhold in response to unpredictable platform perturbations. A motor-driven device varied the handhold location unpredictably for each trial. Twelve healthy older adults (65-79 years) were compared with 12 young adults (19-29 years) tested in a previous study. RESULTS Reach-to-grasp reactions were slower and more variable in older adults, regardless of the nature of the available VSI. When forced to rely on stored VSI, both age groups showed a reduction in reach accuracy; however, a tendency to undershoot the handhold was exacerbated in the older adults. Forced reliance on online VSI led to similar delays in both age groups; however, the older adults were more likely to reach with the "wrong" limb (contralateral to the handhold) and/or raise both arms initially (possibly to "buy" more time for final limb selection). CONCLUSION Situations that force the central nervous system to rely on either stored or online VSI tend to exacerbate age-related reductions in speed and accuracy of reach-to-grasp balance-recovery reactions. Further work is needed to determine if this increases risk of falling in daily life.
An Examination of Student Attrition at a Medium-Sized Southern University

Reasons given by 320 students for not returning in the 1994 fall quarter to a southern university were examined through analysis of school records, phone interviews, and mailed surveys. School records show that the demographic characteristics of students who left the university are similar to those of students who returned. Telephone interviews and mail surveys suggest that students left the university most often to be closer to home or to resolve family or personal problems. Implications and ways to retain students are proposed.
Centre for Quantifiable Quality of Service in Communication Systems

Subjective testing based on the ITU-R MUSHRA method has been used to evaluate the perceived quality of audio signals exposed to packet loss. A congested best-effort and a Differentiated Services (DiffServ) router were simulated to find models for the packet loss processes. Two different models were combined with three packet loss rates, three audio clips and two different error concealment (EC) schemes and the resulting audio quality was evaluated. Results show statistically significant effects of both audio clip, EC, and packet loss rate on perceived quality. No significant difference was found between the two network architectures, but interaction effects between the network architectures and both audio clip and packet loss rate were observed.
Work‐family conflict and career success: the effects of domain‐specific determinants

Purpose – Despite widespread acknowledgement that work‐family conflict and career success are salient issues that impact individual wellbeing and organizational effectiveness, there is little research that studies how the two concepts are related. The purpose of this paper is to develop and present a tentative framework for understanding the relationships among antecedents of interrole conflict between work and family and career success.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on existing theoretical and empirical evidence the paper develops and presents a conceptual framework of the relationships between domain‐specific variables, work‐family conflict, and career success. The paper also presents propositions based on the relationships suggested by the framework.Findings – The framework suggests that individual‐specific variables will be more likely to predict family‐to‐work conflict and perceived career success, while work‐specific variables will be more likely to predict work‐to‐family conflict and perceiv.
Cheese intake in large amounts lowers LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with butter intake of equal fat content.

BACKGROUND Despite its high content of saturated fatty acids, cheese does not seem to increase plasma total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations when compared with an equivalent intake of fat from butter. This effect may be due to the high calcium content of cheese, which results in a higher excretion of fecal fat. OBJECTIVES The objective was to compare the effects of diets of equal fat content rich in either hard cheese or butter or a habitual diet on blood pressure and fasting serum blood lipids, C-reactive protein, glucose, and insulin. We also examined whether fecal fat excretion differs with the consumption of cheese or butter. DESIGN The study was a randomized dietary intervention consisting of two 6-wk crossover periods and a 14-d run-in period during which the subjects consumed their habitual diet. The study included 49 men and women who replaced part of their habitual dietary fat intake with 13% of energy from cheese or butter. RESULTS After 6 wk, the cheese intervention resulted in lower serum total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations and higher glucose concentrations than did the butter intervention. Cheese intake did not increase serum total or LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with the run-in period, during which total fat and saturated fat intakes were lower. Fecal fat excretion did not differ between the cheese and butter periods. CONCLUSION Cheese lowers LDL cholesterol when compared with butter intake of equal fat content and does not increase LDL cholesterol compared with a habitual diet. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01140165.
IMPACT OF A NURSING ASSISTANT TRAINING PROGRAM ON JOB PERFORMANCE, ATTITUDES, AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH RESIDENTS

Nursing assistants, who provide the majority of direct care to institutionalized elderly individuals, often receive little training in terms of communication and conflict management with residents and families. Physical and verbal abuse of residents may occur when nursing assistants are inadequately prepared to deal with the challenges of providing intimate care on an ongoing basis. This article describes the impact of an abuse prevention training program for nursing assistants in terms of general perceptions of and attitudes toward residents, job performance and care quality, burnout, staff‐resident conflict, and aggression by residents toward nursing assistants. The positive evaluations of the program by participants indicate that the program was clinically relevant. Attitudes toward residents differed from pre‐ to posttest in that nursing assistants were less likely to agree that the elderly were like children. A statistically significant decline in self‐reported nursing assistant‐resident conflict was.