Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF SHOCKING ADVERTISING TO CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR

This paper investigates the impact of shocking advertising to consumer buying behavior. Scientists proved that shock tactics in advertising influences consumer buying behavior. The paper analyses the main components of shocking advertising, which cause positive or negative attitude to shocking advertising, influencing consumer buying behavior. Theoretical research studies confirmed that positive or negative consumer attitudes to shocking advertising is influenced by socio-demographic and cultural-social factors - religiosity, moral principles, age, gender, individualism-collectivism, high-low context language. Developed theoretical model of the link among the socio-demographic and cultural-social factors, consumer perception of shocking advertising and consumer buying behavior, which can be used for further practical studies. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.em. 18.1. 3643
Longitudinal Analysis of CCR5 and CXCR4 Usage in a Cohort of Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve Subjects with Progressive HIV-1 Subtype C Infection

HIV-1 subtype C (C-HIV) is responsible for most HIV-1 cases worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of C-HIV is thought to predominantly involve CCR5-restricted (R5) strains, we do not have a firm understanding of how frequently CXCR4-using (X4 and R5X4) variants emerge in subjects with progressive C-HIV infection. Nor do we completely understand the molecular determinants of coreceptor switching by C-HIV variants. Here, we characterized a panel of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) (n = 300) cloned sequentially from plasma of 21 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve subjects who experienced progression from chronic to advanced stages of C-HIV infection, and show that CXCR4-using C-HIV variants emerged in only one individual. Mutagenesis studies and structural models suggest that the evolution of R5 to X4 variants in this subject principally involved acquisition of an “Ile-Gly” insertion in the gp120 V3 loop and replacement of the V3 “Gly-Pro-Gly” crown with a “Gly-Arg-Gly” motif, but that the accumulation of additional gp120 “scaffold” mutations was required for these V3 loop changes to confer functional effects. In this context, either of the V3 loop changes could confer possible transitional R5X4 phenotypes, but when present together they completely abolished CCR5 usage and conferred the X4 phenotype. Our results show that the emergence of CXCR4-using strains is rare in this cohort of untreated individuals with advanced C-HIV infection. In the subject where X4 variants did emerge, alterations in the gp120 V3 loop were necessary but not sufficient to confer CXCR4 usage.
Wide-Angle Redshift Distortions Revisited

We explore linear redshift distortions in wide-angle surveys from the point of view of symmetries. We show that the redshift-space two-point correlation function can be expanded into tripolar spherical harmonics of zero total angular momentum S(1,2,). The coefficients of the expansion B are analogous to the Cl of the angular power spectrum and express the anisotropy of the redshift-space correlation function. Moreover, only a handful of B are nonzero: the resulting formulae reveal a hidden simplicity comparable to the distant observer limit. The B depend on spherical Bessel moments of the power spectrum and f = Ω0. 6/b. In the plane-parallel limit, the results of Kaiser and Hamilton are recovered. The general formalism is used to derive useful new expressions. We present a particularly simple trigonometric polynomial expansion, which is arguably the most compact expression of wide-angle redshift distortions. These formulae are suitable for inversion because of the orthogonality of the basis functions. An alternative Legendre polynomial expansion was obtained as well. This can be shown to be equivalent to the results of Szalay and coworkers. The simplicity of the underlying theory will admit similar calculations for higher order statistics as well.
Acute Stimulation of White Adipocyte Respiration by PKA-Induced Lipolysis

OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation and cAMP-elevating agents on respiration and mitochondrial uncoupling in human adipocytes and probed the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Oxygen consumption rate (OCR, aerobic respiration) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR, anaerobic respiration) were examined in response to isoproterenol (ISO), forskolin (FSK), and dibutyryl-cAMP (DB), coupled with measurements of mitochondrial depolarization, lipolysis, kinase activities, and gene targeting or knock-down approaches. RESULTS ISO, FSK, or DB rapidly increased oxidative and glycolytic respiration together with mitochondrial depolarization in human and mouse white adipocytes. The increase in OCR was oligomycin-insensitive and contingent on cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-induced lipolysis. This increased respiration and the uncoupling were blocked by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) and its regulator, BAX. Interestingly, compared with lean individuals, adipocytes from obese subjects exhibited reduced OCR and uncoupling capacity in response to ISO. CONCLUSIONS Lipolysis stimulated by βAR activation or other maneuvers that increase cAMP levels in white adipocytes acutely induces mitochondrial uncoupling and cellular energetics, which are amplified in the absence of scavenging BSA. The increase in OCR is dependent on PKA-induced lipolysis and is mediated by the PTP and BAX. Because this effect is reduced with obesity, further exploration of this uncoupling mechanism will be needed to determine its cause and consequences.
Effects of Growth Hormone Substitution Therapy on Cognitive Functioning in Growth Hormone Deficient Patients: A Functional MRI Study

Patients with childhood-onset growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) show impairments in mood and cognitive functioning which may resolve following GH substitution. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a memory task was used to assess the cerebral activity of such patients. Thirteen childhood-onset GHD patients (mean age 27.3 ± 6.9 years) were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The effects of 6 months of GH replacement or placebo therapy were studied using neuropsychological tests and fMRI. One patient was excluded from the study due to noncompliance with the protocol. Six months of GH substitution in these GHD patients resulted in improved memory functioning, both for long-term and working memory. fMRI showed activations during the working memory task in prefrontal, parietal, motor, and occipital cortices, as well as in the right thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex. Decreased activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was observed after GH treatment as compared with placebo treatment, indicating decreased effort and more efficient recruitment of the neural system involved. It can be concluded that GH treatment for 6 months improved the long-term as well as the working memory in patients with GHD, and this was associated with decreased brain activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. GH substitution in GHD patients is beneficial for cognitive functioning, the effects of which can be visualized by means of neuroimaging.
Comparison of serum levels of Tri‐iodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy

Background: The physiological changes in thyroid gland during pregnancy have been suggested as one of the pathophysiologic causes of preeclampsia. Objective: The aim of this study was comparison of serum levels of Tri‐iodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. Materials and Methods: In this case‐control study, 40 normal pregnant women and 40 cases of preeclampsia in third trimester of pregnancy were evaluated. They were compared for serum levels of Free T3 (FT3), Free T4 (FT4) and TSH. The data was analyzed by SPSS software with the use of t‐student, Chi‐square, Independent sample T-test and Bivariate correlation test. p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was not statistically different between two groups (p=0.297). No significant difference was observed in terms of parity between two groups (p=0.206). Normal pregnant women were not significantly different from preeclampsia cases in the view of FT3 level (1.38 pg/ml vs. 1.41 pg/ml, p=0.803), FT4 level (0.95 pg/ml vs. 0.96 pg/ml, p=0.834) and TSH level (3.51 μIU/ml vs. 3.10 μIU/ml, p=0.386). Conclusion: The findings of the present study do not support the hypothesis that changes in FT3, FT4 and TSH levels could be possible etiology of preeclampsia.
Elevated endosomal cholesterol in Niemann Pick cells inhibits rab 4 and perturbs membrane recycling

In normal human skin fibroblasts, fluorescent glycosphingolipid analogs are endocytosed and sorted into two pools, one of which recycles to the plasma membrane, while the other is transported to the Golgi. Here, we investigated glycosphingolipid recycling in Niemann Pick A and C lipid storage disease fibroblasts (NPFs). Cells were incubated with BODIPY-lactosylceramide (LacCer) at 16°C to label early endosomes, shifted to 37°C, and lipid recycling was quantified. Using dominant negative rabs, we showed that in normal fibroblasts, LacCer recycling was rapid (t 1/2 ≈ 8 min), and mainly rab4-dependent. In NPFs, LacCer recycling was delayed (t 1/2 ≈ 30-40 min), and rab4-dependent recycling was absent, while rab11-dependent recycling predominated. Transferrin recycling via the rab4 pathway was similarly perturbed in NPFs. Compared to normal fibroblasts, early endosomes in NPFs showed high cholesterol levels, and an altered organization of rab4. In vitro extraction of rab4 (but not rab11) by GDP dissociation inhibitor was severely attenuated in NPF endosome fractions. This impairment was reversed by cholesterol depletion of isolated endosomes or by treatment of endosomes with high salt. These data suggest that abnormal membrane recycling in NPFs results from specific inhibition of rab4 function by excess cholesterol in early endosomes.
Oxygen Chemistry in the Circumstellar Envelope of the Carbon-Rich Star IRC +10216

In this paper we study the oxygen chemistry in the C-rich circumstellar shells of IRC +10216. The recent discoveries of oxygen-bearing species (water, hydroxyl radical, and formaldehyde) toward this source challenge our current understanding of the chemistry in C-rich circumstellar envelopes. The presence of icy comets surrounding the star or catalysis on iron grain surfaces have been invoked to explain the presence of such unexpected species. This detailed study aims at evaluating the chances of producing O-bearing species in the C-rich circumstellar envelope only by gas-phase chemical reactions. For the hot inner envelope we show that although most of the oxygen is locked in CO near the photosphere (as expected for a C/O ratio greater than 1), for radial distances larger than ~15 stellar radii, species such as H2O and CO2 have a large abundance under the assumption of thermochemical equilibrium. It is also shown how non-LTE chemistry makes the CO → H2O, CO2 transformation predicted in LTE very difficult. Concerning the chemistry in the colder, outer envelope, we show that formaldehyde can be formed through gas-phase reactions. However, in order to form water vapor, it is necessary to include a radiative association between atomic oxygen and molecular hydrogen with quite a high rate constant. The chemical models explain the presence of HCO+ and predict the existence of SO and H2CS (which has been detected in a 3 mm line survey to be published). We have modeled the line profiles of H2CO, H2O, HCO+, SO, and H2CS using a nonlocal radiative transfer model and the abundance profiles predicted by our chemical model. The results have been compared to the observations and discussed.
Increased Eating Frequency Is Associated with Lower Obesity Risk, But Higher Energy Intake in Adults: A Meta-Analysis

Body weight is regulated by energy intake which occurs several times a day in humans. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated whether eating frequency (EF) is associated with obesity risk and energy intake in adults without any dietary restriction. Experimental and observational studies published before July 2015 were selected through English-language literature searches in several databases. These studies reported the association between EF and obesity risk (odd ratios, ORs) in adults who were not in dietary restriction. R software was used to perform statistical analyses. Ten cross-sectional studies, consisting of 65,742 participants, were included in this analysis. ORs were considered as effect size for the analysis about the effect of EF on obesity risk. Results showed that the increase of EF was associated with 0.83 time lower odds of obesity (i.e., OR = 0.83, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.70–0.99, p = 0.040). Analysis about the effect of EF on differences in participants’ energy intake revealed that increased EF was associated with higher energy intake (β = 125.36, 95% CI 21.76–228.97, p = 0.017). We conclude that increased EF may lead to lower obesity risk but higher energy intake. Clinical trials are warranted to confirm these results and to assess the clinical practice applicability.
Essays on intermediation in trade problems

This thesis studies the theory of intermediation in trade problems arising from the allocation of a single indivisible object. Chapter I considers a general trade problem with a single seller and multiple buyers. I analyze a game, where multiple intermediaries compete with each other by designing contracts that determine the terms of trade between the bargaining parties. I show the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium outcomes. Repeating the analysis for the case of a single monopolist intermediary, I compare the equilibrium outcomes and show that allocative efficiency is strictly improved as a result of the competition among intermediaries. Chapter II considers a bilateral trade problem with two-sided asymmetric information where the buyer’s valuation may depend on the private information of both bargaining parties. I analyze the impact of intermediation by a profit-maximizing intermediary in a game, where the seller has the ability to trade directly with the buyer. I provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the equilibrium outcomes with the presence of an intermediary to be strictly more efficient than those that are attainable in its absence. Lastly, in Chapter III, similar to the previous chapter, bilateral trade problems with informational externalities arising from interdependences are considered. I analyze a game, where the seller designs a contract at ex-ante stage before learning his private information. I characterize the optimal mechanisms and show that they attain second-best outcomes. The Pareto optimality of ex-ante contracting in the absence of an intermediary, in turn presents a natural limit to the benefits to be accrued from intermediation.
Teaching to transform: The legacy of African American scholar -activists in higher education

TEACHING TO TRANSFORM: THE LEGACY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SCHOLAR-ACTIVISTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION MAY 2000 BARBARA J. COLLINS, B A. , SMITH COLLEGE M. A. , AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE Ed.D. , UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Gretchen Rossman In this qualitative research study, I examined the autobiographies, oral narratives and life stories of twelve African American scholar-activists (including myself) who have used higher education as a vehicle for teaching and learning, as a tool for personal transformation and as an ingredient for social change. The research questions that the study was designed to address were: How have African Americans used scholarship as a means for personal and social transformation? What is the role and responsibility of scholar-activists who choose to root their genius in the academy? What lessons can be learned about how to use higher education for the purposes of transformation? Through a contextual analysis involving the personal lives of selected scholaractivists, I learned about the power that higher education has to shape identity and influence actions. This study also highlights how African American culture and spirit are components of research, teaching and activism; celebrates some of the contributions that African Americans have made to higher education; identifies five dimensions of teaching and transformation; and posits seven ways that higher education can contribute to the process of transformation.
Contribution of Receptor Editing to the Antibody Repertoire

http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5508/1541 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5508/1541/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5508/1541#related-content http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5508/1541#otherarticles , 14 of which can be accessed for free: cites 28 articles This article 114 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5508/1541#otherarticles 48 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/immunology Immunology : subject collections This article appears in the following
Impact of suppression of tumorigenicity 14 (ST14)/serine protease 14 (Prss14) expression analysis on the prognosis and management of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer

To elucidate the role of a type II transmembrane serine protease, ST14/Prss14, during breast cancer progression, we utilized publically accessible databases including TCGA, GEO, NCI-60, and CCLE. Survival of breast cancer patients with high ST14/Prss14 expression is significantly poor in estrogen receptor (ER) negative populations regardless of the ratios of ST14/Prss14 to its inhibitors, SPINT1 or SPINT2. In a clustering of 1085 selected EMT signature genes, ST14/Prss14 is located in the same cluster with CDH3, and closer to post-EMT markers, CDH2, VIM, and FN1 than to the pre-EMT marker, CDH1. Coexpression analyses of known ST14/Prss14 substrates and transcription factors revealed context dependent action. In cell lines, paradoxically, ST14/Prss14 expression is higher in the ER positive group and located closer to CDH1 in clustering. This apparent contradiction is not likely due to ST14/Prss14 expression in a cancer microenvironment, nor due to negative regulation by ER. Genes consistently coexpressed with ST14/Prss14 include transcription factors, ELF5, GRHL1, VGLL1, suggesting currently unknown mechanisms for regulation. Here, we report that ST14/Prss14 is an emerging therapeutic target for breast cancer where HER2 is not applicable. In addition we suggest that careful conclusions should be drawn not exclusively from the cell line studies for target development.
Sovereigns or servants: Presidential relations with Congress on domestic and foreign policy

Title of Dissertation: SOVEREIGNS OR SERVANTS – PRESIDENTIAL RELATIONS WITH CONGRESS ON DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICY Elizabeth Ann Freund, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Directed By: Professor Irwin L Morris Department of Government and Politics This study analyzes how job approval of the presidency impacts presidents’ legislative success in Congress. This dissertation examines the role of approval in presidential legislative success in both domestic and foreign policy areas. The first part of the research focuses on all the presidents from 1971-2004. They are compared using several different regression models that show the relationship between job approval and legislative success. Included are models for overall success as well as foreign and domestic policy success. Also important to these models is the use of both general and policy-specific job approval ratings in the analysis. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the first term of the George W. Bush presidency. It looks at his legislative successes and failures from 2001-2004 as well as his public approval during that time period. The impact of 9/11 and the war in Iraq are two key components of this section. Included here is both a discussion of the key points during Bush’s first term as well as a quantitative analysis of legislative success. The research underscores two main ideas: that public approval can play a role in legislative success and that foreign and domestic policy success should be examined both individually and together for a complete understanding of presidential-congressional relations in both domestic and foreign policy. Analyzing presidential success in Congress reveals that at times approval does matter but that there are other key factors in determining success. This research also shows that while presidents may be more successful in one policy area than another, the factors which impact their success in foreign and domestic policy are different. The analysis of the Bush administration shows that the type of policy makes a difference in how successful the president is on this policy. Legislation dealing with terrorism was more successful for President Bush compared to legislation focusing on non-terrorism issues. Additionally, this study provides a framework for future analysis of presidential success in varying policy areas, including terrorism as well as domestic and foreign policy. SOVEREIGNS OR SERVANTS – PRESIDENTIAL RELATIONS WITH CONGRESS ON DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICY
A comparison of different algorithms for the calculation of dominated hypervolumes

In the fields of multi- and many-objective optimization methods, the hypervolume of a set of solutions is a very useful measure for assessing the current state of the optimization process. It is also the fundamental quality criterion for the well-known SMS-EMOA (S-metric selection evolutionary multi-objective optimization), which is one of the best many objective optimization algorithms known at the moment. Unfortunately, the computation of the hypervolume for a given set of solutions is a time-consuming effort which scales unfavorably with the number of objectives and the size of the population. In this work we analyzed a number of algorithms for hypervolume computation and systematically measured their computational effort for different numbers of objectives and population size. We compared three established standard algorithms that are used in the Shark optimization library and a recent approach by While et al. We also included an approximation computation algorithm proposed by Ishibuchi et al., where we additionally evaluated the precision of the approximation computation and its impact on the selection process within an optimization run. Our findings indicate that the algorithm by While et al. outperforms the three other exact algorithms for a wide range of settings. The Ishibuchi algorithm was shown to have a slightly negative effect on the selection process, but for very large population sizes or number of objectives, the approximation method might be the only viable alternative.