Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite-size analysis of measurement-device-independent quantum cryptography with continuous variables

We study the impact of finite-size effects on the key rate of continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD). Inspired by the parameter estimation technique developed in [Rupert \textit{et al.} Phys. Rev. A \textbf{90}, 062310 (2014)]~we adapt it to study CV-MDI-QKD and, assuming realistic experimental conditions, we analyze the impact of finite-size effects on the key rate. We find that, increasing the block-size, the performance of the protocol converges towards the ideal one, and that block-sizes between $10^{6}$ and $10^{9}$ data points can already provide a key rate $\sim10^{-2}$ bit/use over metropolitan distances.
Spiritual Meaning in Life and Values in Patients With Severe Mental Disorders

Abstract Spirituality and meaning in life are key dimensions of recovery in psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to explore spiritual meaning in life in relation to values and mental health among 175 patients with schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, and anorexia nervosa. For 26% of the patients, spirituality was essential in providing meaning in life. Depending on the diagnosis, considering spirituality as essential in life was associated with better social functioning; self-esteem; psychological and social quality of life; fewer negative symptoms; higher endorsement of values such as universalism, tradition (humility, devoutness), and benevolence (helpfulness); and a more meaningful perspective in life. These results highlight the importance of spirituality for recovery-oriented care.
Estimation of age at death: examination of variation in cortical bone histology within the human clavicle.

BACKGROUND Continuously, numerous human remains of unknown identity are revealed all over the world. One of the elements of the identification process may be a proper assessment of a histological section of bone fragments in order to answer questions related to the age of the subject. The aim of the study was to define an optimum bone fragment to obtain samples for histological examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study material consisted of fragments of shafts of left clavicles taken from 39 males and 25 females (aged 22-86). The clavicles came from autopsies conducted between 2005 and 2011 at the Department of Forensic Medicine of Poznan and the Bialystok Medical University. The following were taken into account while estimating the age of the bone remains: clavicle length (CL), clavicle width (CW), clavicle thickness (CT), number of osteons in the field of vision (ON), number of osteons with the Haversian canal of more than 70 μm (HC > 70 μm), average diameter of the Haversian canals (avg. ØHC), area occupied by interstitial lamellae (ILA %), area occupied by osteons (OA %), area occupied by fragments-remnants of osteons remain as irregular arcs of lamellar fragments (OFA %), average thickness of outer circumferential lamellae (avg. OCL, μm), the relation of osteons with the Haversian canal of more than 70 μm in diameter to the total number of osteons (HC > 70 μm, %), at p < 0.00001. The age of the bone remains was estimated using univariate linear regression function. RESULTS It was determined that the best place for sampling the osseous tissue for the analysis was the shaft of the clavicle. It was stated than the number of osteons with a large diameter increased with age. The relation of osteons with the Haversian canal of more than 70 μm in diameter to the total number of osteons (HC > 70 μm, %). The level of statistical significant was p < 0.00001. All analysed microscopic features of the osseous tissue showed significant statistical changes occurring with age. CONCLUSIONS The exact method for preparing osseous tissue for a microscopic analysis to determine the age of the remains is the preparation of histological sections, as the structure of the osseous tissue does not change while processing the material and the time of preparations is relatively short (7-8 days). The best predictors of age with the use of the function of univariate linear regression were: the diameter of Haversian canal, the number of osteons with Haversian canal of more than 70 μm in diameter, the relation of osteons with Haversian canal bigger than 70 μm in diameter to the total number of osteons as well as fragments of secondary osteons.
Classification of histopathological breast cancer images using iterative VMD aided Zernike moments & textural signatures

In this paper we present a novel method for an automated diagnosis of breast carcinoma through multilevel iterative variational mode decomposition (VMD) and textural features encompassing Zernaike moments, fractal dimension and entropy features namely, Kapoor entropy, Renyi entropy, Yager entropy features are extracted from VMD components. The proposed method considers the histopathological image as a set of multidimensional spatially-evolving signals. ReliefF algorithm is used to select the discriminatory features and statistically most significant features are fed to squares support vector machine (SVM) for classification. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methodology on publicly available Breakhis dataset containing 7,909 breast cancer histological images, collected from 82 patients, of both benign and malignant cases. Experimental results shows the efficacy of the proposed method in outperforming the state of the art while achieving an average classification rates of 89.61% and 88:23% using three-fold and ten-fold cross-validation strategies, respectively. This system can aid the pathologist in accurate and reliable diagnosis of biopsy samples. BreaKHis, a publicly dataset available at this http URL
ACTIVATING ACTIVISTS

Digital political participation is an emerging phenomenon that has attracted the attention of a great number of researchers. In most cases, digital political participation (DPP) has been treated as an independent variable in order to attempt to understand other phenomena such as, for instance, changes in offline political participation. However, empirical studies have failed to demonstrate this relationship. In this article, we try to revert this approach, as we attempt to analyse to what extent citizens' political activism can help us explain DPP in Spain. Through a factorial analysis, we organize into dimensions the different types of offline political practices and we use these dimensions as independent variables in a regression model where DPP is the dependent variable. The results obtained serve as a basis for discussing the politically innovative nature of DPP.
Differential Expression of Retinal Proteins in a Pineal Parenchymal Tumor

The pineal gland and retina share histogenetic features that reflect a similar neurosensory/photosensory ontogeny. Pineal parenchymal tumors demonstrate a highly variable and incomplete photosensory differentiation evidenced by specific cytoarchitectural features and the expression of photosensory retinal S-Antigen (S-Ag). Despite these neuro-ontogenetic parallels, pineal parenchymal tumors have not been well studied for the neuroretinal phenotypes that accompany normal neuroretinal development. The investigation of photoreceptor gene expression may provide an important insight into the histogenesis of pineal parenchymal neoplasms. In this study, a pineal parenchymal tumor of the “mixed pineoblastoma/ pineocytoma” type was examined for the expression of several photoreceptor, glial and neuronal proteins including: inter-photoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), rod opsin, cone opsin, S-Ag and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRAlBP). The detection of IRBP and its mRNA, the earliest photoreceptor-associated protein expressed during retinal development, corroborated the rudimentary photosensory differentiation of this tumor which had limited cytoarchitectural evidence for pineal differentiation. The analysis of IRBP expression may facilitate the diagnostic recognition of primitive pineal neoplasms and further define the neuroretinal differentiation which occurs in pineal parenchymal tumors.
Imbalanced Dietary Profile, Anthropometry, and Lipids in Urban Asian Indian Adolescents and Young Adults

Objective: To analyze the macronutrient, micronutrient, food intake pattern, anthropometry, and lipid profile of urban Asian Indian adolescents and young adults and compare it with the nutrient profile of rural Asian Indian and American adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, epidemiologic descriptive study. Body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, waist and hip circumferences, skinfold thickness, serum lipids, and dietary intake were assessed in 1236 subjects (607 males, 629 females) aged 13–25 years from schools and colleges of a metropolitan city of India. Results: The mean age and BMI of study subjects were 17.6 ± 2.4 years (range 13–25 years) and 19.8 ± 3.3 kg/m2 (range 11.9–35.9 kg/m2), respectively. The mean daily percentages of total energy contributed by carbohydrates, total fats, proteins, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ω-3 PUFAs, ω-6 PUFAs, and trans-fatty acids for all subjects were 53%, 34%, 11%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 1%, 8%, and 0.3%, respectively. The absolute daily intake of total fat was 84 ± 29 g/d in males and 72 ± 21 g/d in females, which was approximately 4 times the recommended dietary allowance for Asian Indians (20–22 g/d). Among food groups, a high intake of milk, milk products, roots, and tubers was observed. In these young individuals, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (males ≥169 mg/dl; females ≥181 mg/dl) and overweight (BMI ≥23.1 kg/m2) was 14.4% and ∼16%, respectively. On comparison with rural Asian Indian adolescents, an inappropriately high intake of total fat was observed in our subjects. On the other hand, the percentage of energy intake of SFAs in Asian Indian and American adolescents was at par. Conclusions: High total fat and SFA intake and a low intake of MUFAs and ω-3 PUFAs showed imbalanced nutrition, which could be responsible for the increasing prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance in urban Asian Indian adolescents and young adults. Nutritional strategies for reducing SFA intake and balancing the ω-3/ω-6 PUFAs ratio should be urgently applied in Asian Indian adolescents and are also presented in this paper.
Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: 59 prospectively identified cases with follow-up.

Fifty-nine consecutive patients with definite Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) by the Duke criteria were prospectively identified at our hospital over a 3-year period. Twenty-seven (45.8%) of the 59 patients had hospital-acquired S. aureus bacteremia. The presumed source of infection was an intravascular device in 50.8% of patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed evidence of IE in 20 patients (33.9%), whereas transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed evidence of IE in 48 patients (81.4%). The outcome for patients was strongly associated with echocardiographic findings: 13 (68.4%) of 19 patients with vegetations visualized by TTE had an embolic event or died of their infection vs. five (16.7%) of 30 patients whose vegetations were visualized only by TEE (P < .01). Most patients with S. aureus IE developed their infection as a consequence of a nosocomial or intravascular device-related infection. TEE established the diagnosis of S. aureus IE in many instances when TTE was nondiagnostic. Visualization of vegetations by TTE may provide prognostic information for patients with S. aureus IE.
A quantitative study about job satisfaction perception among four generational cohorts in today's workforce

The purpose of this quantitative study is to broaden generational research involving job satisfaction by using a larger population that includes all four generational cohorts in the workforce. Job satisfaction has been studied for decades in limited environments. Understanding key dimensions associated with job satisfaction can provide organizations insights into how best develop strategies to attract, retain, and develop employees. The literature suggests there may be similarities and differences relating to job satisfaction among the generations. With a workforce consisting of four generations for the first time in history, further research involving a larger population including the four generations, provides a more comprehensive foundation to support evidenced-based business decisions. The five dimensions for the current study are promotion, supervisor, colleagues, compensation, and the work. The dimensions represent the dependent variables in the current study with the independent variable as the generational cohort. The membership of the International Public Management Association which exceeds 5,000 United States members, are the recipients of the 20 question online survey. This study found that there were difference and similarities among the four generations depending on the dimensions being measured.
Simple estimates of haplotype relative risks in case‐control data

Methods of varying complexity have been proposed to efficiently estimate haplotype relative risks in case‐control data. Our goal was to compare methods that estimate associations between disease conditions and common haplotypes in large case‐control studies such that haplotype imputation is done once as a simple data‐processing step. We performed a simulation study based on haplotype frequencies for two renin‐angiotensin system genes. The iterative and noniterative methods we compared involved fitting a weighted logistic regression, but differed in how the probability weights were specified. We also quantified the amount of ambiguity in the simulated genes. For one gene, there was essentially no uncertainty in the imputed diplotypes and every method performed well. For the other, ∼60% of individuals had an unambiguous diplotype, and ∼90% had a highest posterior probability greater than 0.75. For this gene, all methods performed well under no genetic effects, moderate effects, and strong effects tagged by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Noniterative methods produced biased estimates under strong effects not tagged by an SNP. For the most likely diplotype, median bias of the log‐relative risks ranged between −0.49 and 0.22 over all haplotypes. For all possible diplotypes, median bias ranged between −0.73 and 0.08. Results were similar under interaction with a binary covariate. Noniterative weighted logistic regression provides valid tests for genetic associations and reliable estimates of modest effects of common haplotypes, and can be implemented in standard software. The potential for phase ambiguity does not necessarily imply uncertainty in imputed diplotypes, especially in large studies of common haplotypes. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SHOCK BREAKOUT FROM TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA

The mode of explosive burning in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remains an outstanding problem. It is generally thought to begin as a subsonic deflagration, but this may transition into a supersonic detonation (the delayed detonation transition, DDT). We argue that this transition leads to a breakout shock, which would provide the first unambiguous evidence that DDTs occur. Its main features are a hard X-ray flash (∼20 keV) lasting ∼10−2 s with a total radiated energy of ∼1040 erg, followed by a cooling tail. This creates a distinct feature in the visual light curve, which is separate from the nickel decay. This cooling tail has a maximum absolute visual magnitude of MV ≈ −9 to −10 at ≈1 day, which depends most sensitively on the white dwarf radius at the time of the DDT. As the thermal diffusion wave moves in, the composition of these surface layers may be imprinted as spectral features, which would help to discern between SN Ia progenitor models. Since this feature should accompany every SNe Ia, future deep surveys (e.g., m = 24) will see it out to a distance of ≈80 Mpc, giving a maximum rate of ∼60 yr-1. Archival data sets can also be used to study the early rise dictated by the shock heating (at ≈20 days before maximum B-band light). A similar and slightly brighter event may also accompany core bounce during the accretion-induced collapse to a neutron star, but with a lower occurrence rate.
A radial mass profile analysis of the lensing cluster MS 2137.3–2353

We reanalyze the strong lens modeling of the cluster of galaxies MS 2137.3-2353 using a new UBVRIJK data set obtained with the ESO Very Large Telescope. We infer the photometric redshifts of the two main arc systems which are both found to be at z=1.6+/- 0.1. After subtraction of the central cD star light in the previous F702/HST imaging we found only one object lying underneath. This object has the expected properties of the fifth image associated to the tangential arc. It lies at the right location, shows the right orientation and has the expected signal-to-noise ratio. We improve the previous lens modelings of the central dark matter distribution of the cluster, using two density profiles: an isothermal model with a core, and the NFW-like model with a cusp. Without the fifth image, the arc properties together with the shear map profile are equally well fit by the isothermal model and by a sub-class of generalized-NFW mass profiles having inner slope power index in the range 0.7〈= alpha 〈= 1.2. Adding new constrains on the center lens position provided by the fifth image favors isothermal profiles that better predict the fifth image properties. A detailed model including nearby cluster galaxy perturbations or the effect of the stellar mass distribution to the total mass inward does not change our conclusions but imposes the M/LI of the cD stellar component is below 10 at a 99% confidence level. Using our new detailed strong+weak lensing model together with Chandra X-ray data and the cD stellar component we finally discuss intrinsic properties of the gravitational potential. Whereas X-ray and dark matter have a similar orientation and ellipticity at various radius, the cD stellar isophotes are twisted by 13o +/- 3o. The sub-arc-second azimuthal shift we observe between the radial arc position and the predictions of elliptical models correspond to what is expected from a mass distribution twist. This shift may result from a projection effect of the cD and the cluster halos, thus revealing the triaxiality of the mass components. Based on observations obtained at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Cerro Paranal operated by European Southern Observatory.
Different Roles of the Two High-Oxygen-Affinity Terminal Oxidases of Brucella suis: Cytochrome c Oxidase, but Not Ubiquinol Oxidase, Is Required for Persistence in Mice

ABSTRACT The survival of Brucella suis mutant strains in mice demonstrated different roles of the two high-oxygen-affinity terminal oxidases. The cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase was essential for chronic infection in oxygen-deficient organs. Lack of the cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase led to hypervirulence of bacteria, which could rely on nitrite accumulation inhibiting the inducible nitric oxide synthase of the host.
Intergenerational caregiving: adult caregivers and their aging parents

Theory-generating methodologies can be used to add to our knowledge in areas that are already well researched in addition to areas that have not been extensively studied. The study presented here demonstrates how the grounded-theory method was used to generate a new theory of intergenerational caregiving. Analysis revealed five conceptually distinct, overlapping categories of caregiving. Only one of these includes what is generally considered to be caregiving, that is, hands-on caregiving behaviors or tasks. The other four types are not observable behaviors but are processes crucial to intergenerational caregiving and to an understanding of the experience of intergenerational caregiving.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Negative Emotionality, and Pathways to Juvenile Recidivism

Prior work has illustrated youth exposed to adverse parenting practices are more likely to offend and juvenile offenders with maltreatment histories more likely to re-offend. In addition, aggressive tendencies and a hostile interpretation of the actions of others and one’s environment increase antisocial behavior. Unfortunately, the pathways by which those effects occur are not well understood. Using a sample of more than 25,000 juvenile offenders, we use structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the pathways by which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect juvenile delinquency. Results indicate ACEs have both a direct and indirect effect on recidivism, with nearly half of the total effect of ACEs on re-offending operating through negative emotionality. Policy implications are discussed.
Natural History, Predictors, and Associations of Depression 5 Years After Stroke: The South London Stroke Register

Background and Purpose— The longer-term natural history of depression after stroke is poorly understood. We estimate frequency, predictors, and associations of depression up to 5 years after stroke in a population-based study. Methods— Data from 3689 patients registered in the South London Stroke Register 1995 to 2006 were used. Baseline data included age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and stroke severity. At 3 months and at 1, 3, and 5 years, survivors were assessed for depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression; depression subscale score >7 indicates depression), cognition, disability, activity, accommodation, employment, and social networks. Associations with depression were investigated with logistic regression. Data are reported with OR and 95% CI. Results— Depression frequencies were 33% (30%–36%), 28% (25%–30%), 32% (30%–35%), and 31% (27%–34%) at 3 months and at 1, 3, and 5 years after stroke, respectively. Forty-eight percent of patients were not depressed at any time point; 49% to 55% of depressed patients at 1 assessment remained depressed at follow-up; and 15% to 20% of patients at each assessment were new cases. Predictors of depression included stroke severity, inability to work, and impaired cognition. Associations with depression at follow-up included impaired cognition, lack of family support, institutionalization, inability to work, functional dependence, and low activity level. Conclusions— Frequency of depression up to 5 years after stroke is 30%; however, it is a dynamic situation with recovery and new cases diagnosed over time. These findings support the need for regular assessment of depression and its associated factors and for the development of effective interventions to reduce depression after stroke.