Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing young children's thinking skills in Greek early childhood classrooms: curriculum and practice

In early childhood education, opportunities for developing children's thinking skills are unlimited. One of the most effective teaching strategies for this purpose is open-ended questioning. The study presented here aimed to explore the degree to which Greek early childhood teachers promote the development of thinking skills in their pupils. Data were collected by presenting teachers with five hypothetical teaching situations and asking them to write down the learning goals they would set for children in each situation and the questions they would ask in order to achieve these goals. The questionnaire was given to 110 early childhood teachers during a professional development course offered by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, between 2010 and 2012. Data analysis suggests that the majority of teacher questions are at the recall level and guide children to focus their attention to declarative knowledge instead of procedural knowledge. The cases in which teachers picked up on and supported children's actions with the purpose of enriching their experience and extending their thinking skills were alarmingly few. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for teacher training.
Rural Jail Reentry and Mental Health

The current study examines the challenges of rural jail reentry including mental health issues faced by offenders returning from jails. This study compared a sample of 200 current jail inmates, 166 probation/parole officers working in rural areas, and 21 rural treatment staff working with former offenders in a treatment capacity. Overall, inmates found structural issues (e.g., employment, housing, ability to pay fines) to be more challenging while practitioners were more likely to rank personal issues (e.g., lack of motivation, temptation to reoffend) as more problematic. Various themes emerged relating to mental health issues including health insurance, medication, transportation, and co-occurrence with substance abuse. Policy implications and recommendations for the future are discussed.
Another K-winners-take-all analog neural network

An analog Hopfield type neural network is given, that identifies the K largest components of a list of d of N real numbers. The neurons are identical, with a tanh characteristic, and the weight matrix is symmetric and fully filled. The list to be processed is a summand of the input currents of the neurons, and the network is started from zero. We provide easily computable restrictions on the parameters. The main emphasis here is on the magnitude of the neuronal gain. A complete mathematical analysis is given. The trajectories are shown to eventually have positive components precisely in the positions given by the K largest elements in the input list.
Analyzing the Effect of Global Learning and Beam-Search on Transition-Based Dependency Parsing

Beam-search and global models have been applied to transition-based dependency parsing, leading to state-of-the-art accuracies that are comparable to the best graph-based parsers. In this paper, we analyze the effects of global learning and beam-search on the overall accuracy and error distribution of a transition-based dependency parser. First, we show that global learning and beam-search must be jointly applied to give improvements over greedy, locally trained parsing. We then show that in addition to the reduction of error propagation, an important advantage of the combination of global learning and beam-search is that it accommodates more powerful parsing models without overfitting. Finally, we characterize the errors of a global, beam-search, transition-based parser, relating it to the classic contrast between “local, greedy, transition-based parsing” and “global, exhaustive, graph-based parsing”.
Does the LSI-R Have Utility for Sex Offenders?

Despite societal perception that sex offenders will repeat their crimes, research indicates these offenders are more likely to be generalists than sex offense–specific offenders. Sex offender–specific legislation has reinforced this erroneous perception while contributing to the excessive labeling of sex offenders as sexual recidivists. Additionally troubling is the lack of research on the efficacy of generalized risk/needs assessments for sex offenders. The present study fills this void by evaluating the adequacy of the Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) for use with a sexual offending population. The predictive accuracy of the LSI-R for sexual and nonsexual recidivism outcomes was explored using a sample of 21,298 individuals released from New Jersey correctional facilities from 2004 to 2006. Results indicate that while the LSI-R does not have predictive utility for sexual offenses, it has utility for sex offenders overall. Policy implications of the usefulness of the LSI-R for this offending population are discussed.
The Physical Self-Perception Profile: Development and preliminary validation

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument that would permit the application of recent advances in self-esteem theory to the study of self-perception in the physical domain. Open-ended questionnaire responses were used to identify important contributors to the physical self-esteem of a college age population. Based on these data, four subdomain subscales designed to assess perceived bodily attractiveness, sports competence, physical strength, and physical conditioning were constructed along with a general physical self-worth subscale as the basis of the Physical Self-Perception Profile. The sensitivity, reliability, and stability of the subscales were supported for both genders across three independent samples. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated the discriminant validity of the subdomain subscales, supporting the concept of multidimensionality within the physical domain. Zero-order correlation, partial correlation, and multiple regression analyses provided results consisten.
Unlocking the Puzzle of Public Participation

Public participation is well known for its practitioner insights and wealth of case reports. This knowledge is essential and has been well employed. Likewise, the theoretical literature on public participation is growing rapidly. The need for better conceptual and theoretical understandings of public participation has become clear. Public participation theories have not received great attention, and few have been proposed or tested. Yet theory offers much to practitioners of various interventions. The authors summarize work toward developing a public participation theory and propose a way to conceptualize its skeletal components. The authors recognize that any theory must acknowledge that different people have different beliefs about what public participation should accomplish. Further, contextual variables affect a process’s character and outcomes. The authors begin with a discussion of theory’s importance to scholars, practitioners, and participants and provide an overview of existing approaches. The authors present findings from two empirical case studies used to further develop their theory of fair and competent public participation. They conclude with some observations about challenges and ways forward.
License Suspension Revisited: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study of Older Drivers

This 3-year follow-up study addressed changes in health, cognitive functioning, and driving status among 37 older drivers and 37 individually matched controls. Initially, the study group had suspended driver’s licenses due to traffic violations. The in-person follow-up medical and neuropsychological examinations concerned 20 case participants and 22 controls. Mortality tended to be higher with case participants than with controls (p = .085), and there was more dementia or cognitive impairment with case participants (5/37) than with controls (0/37,p = .027). Initially, crash-involved case participants performed consistently worse on measures of cognitive functioning than did controls and noncrashed case participants and showed greater deterioration over time. Compared to controls, more crash-involved drivers had died (p = .019) or had stopped driving (p = .040). Because some older drivers with unsafe driving behavior may be in early phases of dementing processes or serious medical conditions, they should be medically and cognitively assessed.
Teaching Early Reading Skills to Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Using Computer-Delivered Instruction: A Pilot Study

Abstract Many children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) have considerable difficulty learning basic reading skills. Increasing evidence suggests individuals with IDD may benefit from instruction incorporating components of reading found to be effective for typically developing children. However, little research into reading instruction for children with IDD has incorporated these components. There is evidence for the efficacy of Headsprout® Early Reading program for typically developing children, and emerging evidence suggesting that children with autism can benefit from the program. The current study investigated the accessibility of Headsprout® Early Reading for children with IDD, and whether there were any measurable effects of the program on important early reading and language skills. Six children aged between 7 and 14 years with mild to moderate IDD completed the program, and all made measurable improvements across reading measures, demonstrating children with mild to moderate .
A Novel Trace-Aided Data Dissemination Algorithm in Vehicular Networks

The inter-contact time is one of important factors affecting the performance of vehicular network protocols. To overcome the problem that the too long time interval of any two fixed nodes to contact in a wide range, an aggregated statistics of inter-contacts based data dissemination algorithm was proposed in VANETs (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network). Firstly, the aggregated intervals distribution was proved to be regular. Then a second-order Markov chain based on the historical trace was used to predict the next interval. According to the aggregated intervals and the intervals between fixed nodes, it determined which node would be the next hop. Finally, Qual Net simulation platform was selected to evaluate the performance of this protocol. Compared with Epidemic protocol and the protocol only considering the interval of two fixed vehicles, the proposed protocol shows a relatively stable performance in delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay. Especially in the area with sparse nodes, the end-to-end delay is far superior to other protocols.
A collaborative approach to developing an electronic health record phenotyping algorithm for drug-induced liver injury.

OBJECTIVE To describe a collaborative approach for developing an electronic health record (EHR) phenotyping algorithm for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). METHODS We analyzed types and causes of differences in DILI case definitions provided by two institutions-Columbia University and Mayo Clinic; harmonized two EHR phenotyping algorithms; and assessed the performance, measured by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, of the resulting algorithm at three institutions except that sensitivity was measured only at Columbia University. RESULTS Although these sites had the same case definition, their phenotyping methods differed by selection of liver injury diagnoses, inclusion of drugs cited in DILI cases, laboratory tests assessed, laboratory thresholds for liver injury, exclusion criteria, and approaches to validating phenotypes. We reached consensus on a DILI phenotyping algorithm and implemented it at three institutions. The algorithm was adapted locally to account for differences in populations and data access. Implementations collectively yielded 117 algorithm-selected cases and 23 confirmed true positive cases. DISCUSSION Phenotyping for rare conditions benefits significantly from pooling data across institutions. Despite the heterogeneity of EHRs and varied algorithm implementations, we demonstrated the portability of this algorithm across three institutions. The performance of this algorithm for identifying DILI was comparable with other computerized approaches to identify adverse drug events. CONCLUSIONS Phenotyping algorithms developed for rare and complex conditions are likely to require adaptive implementation at multiple institutions. Better approaches are also needed to share algorithms. Early agreement on goals, data sources, and validation methods may improve the portability of the algorithms.
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Clustering using Variable-Length Real Jumping Genes Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, we present a novel multi-objective evolutionary clustering approach using variable-length real jumping genes genetic algorithms (VRJGGA). The proposed algorithm that extends jumping genes genetic algorithm (JGGA) (Man et al., 2004) evolves near-optimal clustering solutions using multiple clustering criteria, without a-priori knowledge of the actual number of clusters. Experimental results based on several artificial and real-world data show that VRJGGA can obtain non-dominated and near-optimal clustering solutions in terms of different cluster quality measures and classification performance
Level of Moral Reasoning Among African-American and Caucasian Domestic Violence Offenders Prior to Targeted Professional Intervention

Abstract In the effort to improve intervention efforts with African-American batterers, a recent study explored the possible contribution of moral development as a unifying construct around which culturally relevant intervention strategies could be developed. Results of that study indicated that batterers were employing a level of moral reasoning two standard deviations lower than adults in general and that there were no significant differences between African-American and Caucasian participants on level of moral reasoning. The purpose of the present study was to replicate this earlier study by investigating the level of moral reasoning of 55 adult men, 84% African-American, court-ordered into treatment for domestic violence offenses. Results indicated that the entire sample of batterers was employing a level of moral reasoning significantly lower than adults in general and subgroup comparisons revealed no significant differences between African-American participants and Caucasian participants on level of moral reasoning. The results of this research provide further empirical evidence for the importance of targeting moral development in intervention efforts with batterers.
Inactivation of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases by Reactive Oxygen Species in Vivo*

Reactive oxygen species, including H2 O2, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{{\bar{{\cdot}}}}\) \end{document} and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}^{{\cdot}}\) \end{document} are constantly produced in the human body and are involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species, besides their deleterious effects at high concentrations, may be protective. However, the mechanism underlying the protective effects of reactive oxygen species is not clear. Here, we reported a novel finding that H2O2 at low to moderate concentrations (50-250 μm) markedly inactivated Src family tyrosine kinases temporally and spatially in vivo but not in vitro. We further showed that Src family kinases localized to focal adhesions and the plasma membrane were rapidly and permanently inactivated by H2O2, which resulted from a profound reduction in phosphorylation of the conserved tyrosine residue at the activation loop. Interestingly, the cytoplasmic Src family kinases were activated gradually by H2O2, which partially compensated for the loss of total activities of Src family kinases but not their functions. Finally, H2O2 rendered endothelial cells resistant to growth factors and cytokines and protected the cells from inflammatory activation. Because Src family kinases play key roles in cell signaling, the rapid inactivation of Src family kinases by H2 O2 may represent a novel mechanism for the protective effects of reactive oxygen species.
The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Sweat Rate and Sweat Sodium and Potassium Losses in Trained Endurance Athletes

This randomized crossover trial study was designed to investigate the relationship between exercise intensity, sweat rate and sweat sodium and potassium concentrations of trained endurance athletes in order to determine sodium and potassium losses and therefore requirements. Eighteen male endurance athletes (age 37.9±9.7 y, weight 83.2±13.6 kg, VO2 max 60.8±9.4 mL/kg.min -1) were randomized into one of three groups for the experimental trials. Group L began with the low intensity trial (60%HRmax), group M with the moderate intensity trial (80%HRmax) and group H with the high intensity trial (time trial). Over three consecutive weeks, all participants performed each of the three trials. There was a significant increase in average sweat sodium (p<0.01) but not potassium concentration between the L and H exercise trials (L=30.6 mmol/L±11.4, H = 49.4 mmol/L±22.9). Inter-individual coefficient of variance for average sodium concentrations ranged from 37-47%. There was a significant positive linear relationship (p<0.001) between sweat rate (L/h) and sweat sodium concentration (mmol/L) (r2 = 0.229). These measurements computed to significant increases in both sodium and potassium losses (mg/h) with increasing exercise intensity. In conclusion, there was considerable individual variation in sweat rate and sodium loss in endurance athletes with losses up to 4.5 g sodium per hour at high intensity. Thus endurance athletes with high sweat rates are at risk for substantial sodium loss and should ensure they choose salty food as well as hydrate adequately after an event.
The Predictive Relationship of the Miller Analogies Test to Objective and Subjective Criteria of Success in a Graduate School of Education

THE Miller Analogies Test (MAT) continues to be one of the most widely used instruments for graduate school selection. A review of MAT research reveals a wide range of validity coefficients. Values from . 00 (Travers, 1948) to . 69 (Gustad, 1950) are noted. Such discrepancies can in part be attributed to the considerable variation in candidate qualifications and institutional differences. The lack of reliable success criteria is also a significant contributor. The usual criterion of grades is generally conceded to lack sufficient consistency to allow for stable prediction. Very few validity studies can be located which involve the use of objective criteria, such as standardized instruments or end-of-program comprehensive examinations. The purpose of this paper is to report data which compare the predictability of the MAT relative to the criteria of grades and comprehensive examination scores.
Therapeutic Hypothermia After Recanalization in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Therapeutic hypothermia improves outcomes in experimental stroke models, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury. We investigated the clinical and radiological effects of therapeutic hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke patients after recanalization. Methods— A prospective cohort study at 2 stroke centers was performed. We enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation with an initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥10 who had successful recanalization (≥thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia, 2b). Patients at center A underwent a mild hypothermia (34.5°C) protocol, which included mechanical ventilation, and 48-hour hypothermia and 48-hour rewarming. Patients at center B were treated according to the guidelines without hypothermia. Cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, good outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale, ⩽2), mortality, and safety profiles were compared. Potential variables at baseline and during the therapy were analyzed to evaluate for independent predictors of good outcome. Results— The hypothermia group (n=39) had less cerebral edema (P=0.001), hemorrhagic transformation (P=0.016), and better outcome (P=0.017) compared with the normothermia group (n=36). Mortality, hemicraniectomy rate, and medical complications were not statistically different. After adjustment for potential confounders, therapeutic hypothermia (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–8.9; P=0.047) and distal occlusion (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval; 1.3–40.3; P=0.022) were the independent predictors for good outcome. Absence of cerebral edema (odds ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–18.2; P=0.006) and no medical complications (odds ratio, 9.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–39.9; P=0.003) were also independent predictors for good outcome during the therapy. Conclusions— In patients with ischemic stroke, after successful recanalization, therapeutic hypothermia may reduce risk of cerebral edema and hemorrhagic transformation, and lead to improved clinical outcomes.
The pathogenesis of panic disorder : the role of cognitions and conditioning in the development of panic disorder

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Hepatorenal Syndrome: Aetiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Acute renal impairment is common in patients with chronic liver disease, occurring in approximately 19% of hospitalised patients with cirrhosis. A variety of types of renal impairment are recognised. The most important of these is the hepatorenal syndrome, a functional renal impairment due to circulatory and neurohormonal abnormalities that underpin cirrhosis. It is one of the most severe complications of cirrhosis with survival often measured in weeks to months. A variety of treatment options exist with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment providing the best hope for cure. This paper provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of hepatorenal syndrome and lays out the topic according to the following sections: pathophysiology, historical developments, diagnostic criteria and limitations, epidemiology, precipitating factors, predictors, clinical and laboratory findings, prognosis, treatment options, prophylaxis, and conclusion.