Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and interannual variations of the oceanic heat flux under a landfast Antarctic sea ice cover

A multilayer thermodynamic model is used to simulate sea ice growth for 12 years between 1958 and 1986 in the vicinity of the Australian station Mawson on the coast of East Antarctica. The atmospheric forcing data for the model are derived from radiosonde profiles and from surface measurements. Global radiation data are available for 4 years, and we use these measurements for comparison with the results of a Zillman-type model for global radiation. Combining the thermodynamic model with sea ice thickness measurements for 12 years, we solve the energy balance equation for the oceanic heat flux. The oceanic heat flux is not constant but changes with time within the year and from year to year. The oceanic heat flux averages 7.9 W/m2, and the yearly means vary between 5 and 12 W/m2. Seasonal values of the oceanic heat flux range from 0 to 18 W/m2. From the yearly averaged values a decadal trend is evident: During the first years that were analyzed the yearly average lies well above 10 W/m2; then in the mid-1970s a decrease to 9 W/m2 occurs, while for all later years the values are ∼6–8 W/m2. In general, the oceanic heat flux increases from the start of the fast ice formation season in early April until it breaks out in December or January. To compare the calculated oceanic heat fluxes for different years, we divide the total ice season into three characteristic time regimes of the sea ice growth and calculate the averaged oceanic heat fluxes for each regime. For the first regime (through August) the mean flux is 2.7 W/m2, for the middle regime (September) it is 8.4 W/m2, and for the final regime (October–January) it is 17 W/m2. We discuss the results of our model calculations in conjunction with current meter observations, which give evidence of seasonally varying intrusions of relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water into Prydz Bay. Comparison of passive microwave data of sea ice extent and concentration (from the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer sensor) with the model results reveals a correlation between the magnitude of the oceanic heat flux and local features such as polynyas.
A new scenario for gravity detection in plants: the position sensor hypothesis

The detection of gravity plays a fundamental role during the growth and evolution of plants. Although progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular, cellular and physical mechanisms involved in the gravity detection, a coherent scenario consistent with all the observations is still lacking. In this special issue article, we discuss recent experiments showing that the response to inclination of shoots is independent of the gravity intensity, meaning that the gravity sensor detects an inclination and not a force. This result questions some of the commonly accepted hypotheses and leads to propose a new ‘position sensor hypothesis’. The implications of this new scenario are discussed in light of the different observations available in the literature.
Anatomic Approach to Airway Management of the Syndromic Child

The preoperative assessment of the syndromic child is a critical skill in the practice of pediatric anesthesia. Airway management in this population requires navigation of the difficult airway algorithm and equipment such as supraglottic airways (SGA), intubating laryngeal mask airways (ILMA), fiberoptic and indirect laryngoscopes, and experienced clinicians. The comorbidities and natural history of the various syndromes dictate the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions by multidisciplinary teams. A history of spontaneous airway obstruction and past anesthetic records must be obtained. An examination of the child in the frontal and lateral views for evidence of syndromic features including facial asymmetry, hypertelorism, proptosis, midface or lower face hypoplasia, microtia, low posterior hairline, palatal or facial cleft, hirsutism, abnormal stature and extremities is a necessity. Cognitive disability and limited patient cooperation may pose challenges. The phenotypic expression, incidence, etiology, and risk factors for perioperative complications in the realm of airway management should be reviewed. Lower face or mandibular hypoplasia and midface or maxillary hypoplasia characterized by malar, orbital, and zygomatic dysplasia constitute a challenge in airway management. Pierre Robin syndrome or Robin Sequence (RS) occurs as a cluster of anomalies including glossoptosis, cleft palate, and mandibular hypoplasia,
Tunable and stable real-time trajectory planning for urban autonomous driving

This paper investigates real-time on-road motion planning algorithms for autonomous passenger vehicles (APV) in urban environments, and propose a computationally efficient planning formulation. Two key properties, tunability and stability, are emphasized when designing the proposed planner. The main contributions of this paper are: · A computationally efficient decoupled space-time trajectory planning structure. · The formulation of optimization-free elastic-band-based path planning and speed-constraint-based temporal planning routines with pre-determined runtime. · Identification of continuity problems with previous cost-based planners that cause tunability and stability issues.
Neoproterozoic Bimodal Volcanism in the Okcheon Belt, South Korea, and Its Comparison with the Nanhua Rift, South China: Implications for Rifting in Rodinia

A systematic geochemical examination and zircon U‐Pb dating of Neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic rocks from the Chungju area in the northeast segment of the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt (OMB), South Korea, allow a comparison with similar rocks from the Nanhua Rift, South China. The bimodal metavolcanics of the Chungju area comprise the subalkaline to alkaline basalts (hereafter “mafic metavolcanic rocks”) and trachytes (hereafter “felsic metavolcanic rocks”). The mafic metavolcanic rocks are characterized by light rare earth element (LREE)‐enriched and “humped” trace‐element patterns with moderate depletions in Sr and Ti and variable but reasonably low ϵNd(T) values between +0.83 and +2.99. These geochemical features are consistent with the area's origin in an ocean island basalt (OIB) mantle source with minor crustal contamination. The felsic metavolcanic rocks are characterized by LREE‐enriched patterns with a remarkable negative Eu anomaly. They display an overall enriched trace‐element pattern with significant depletions of Sr, P, Eu, and Ti. They have the geochemical characteristics typical of A1‐type granites and ϵNd(T) values between +1.30 and +2.54. The incompatible element versus incompatible element diagrams for both rocks exhibit nearly smooth positive trends. In the Y/Nb versus Yb/Ta diagram, all the felsic rocks plot within the OIB field. Hence, our data imply a genetic linkage between the mafic and the felsic rocks. The felsic rocks were most likely generated from basaltic protoliths through extensive fractional crystallization plus minor crustal contamination/assimilation. Igneous zircon from a felsic metavolcanic rock from the Munjuri Formation in the OMB gives a SHRIMP U‐Pb age of \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$762\pm 7$$ \end{document} Ma, providing a temporal link to the Neoproterozoic rift‐related volcanism in South China. Rare detrital zircons extracted from a felsic sample from the Gyemyeongsan Formation yield a mixture of ages: ∼1.9 Ga, ∼870 Ma, and ∼250 Ma. The presence of some Triassic metamorphic overgrowths reflects a high‐grade metamorphic event coeval with that recently identified in the Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs and linked to an Early Triassic collision event in South Korea. The lithological and geochemical data from the Neoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks in the OMB of South Korea show similarities with the Nanhua Rift in South China, pointing to a North Asian connection associated with the disruption of Rodinia.
High-Volume Image-Guided Injection for Recalcitrant Patellar Tendinopathy in Athletes

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of high-volume image-guided injection in the middle term in patients with recalcitrant patellar tendinopathy. Design:Case series study; Level of evidence, 4. Setting:All tertiary referrals, public, and private healthcare. Patients:Forty-four patients (41 men and 3 women) with diagnosis of recalcitrant patellar tendinopathy were included. Intervention:Tendon injection of a mixture of 10 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride, 62 500 international units of aprotinin, and 40 mL of normal saline solution. Main Outcome Measures:The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment—patellar tendon (VISA-P), visual analogue scale, and Roles and Maudsley were assessed at baseline and at the last follow-up. Results:The baseline VISA-P score of 46 ± 18.2 (range, 28-75) improved to 75.3 ± 19.2 (range, 68-100) by 15 months (P = 0.003). The mean pain visual analogue scale changed from 91 mm (range, 66-92 mm) before the injection to 28 mm (2-52 mm) (P = 0.01). Of 32 physically active patients, 23 (72%) had returned to sport at the same level practiced before the onset of symptoms. Thirty-five of the 44 patients (80%) rated their condition as good or excellent. Conclusions:High-volume injection at the interface between the deep surface of the patellar tendon and Hoffa body improves in the short-term symptoms and function of the knee. Clinical Relevance:This procedure is minimally invasive, safe, and effective in the short term in athletes.
Riemannian stochastic variance reduced gradient

In recent years, stochastic variance reduction algorithms have attracted considerable attention for minimizing the average of a large but finite number of loss functions. This paper proposes a novel Riemannian extension of the Euclidean stochastic variance reduced gradient (R-SVRG) algorithm to a manifold search space. The key challenges of averaging, adding, and subtracting multiple gradients are addressed with retraction and vector transport. For the proposed algorithm, we present a global convergence analysis with a decaying step size as well as a local convergence rate analysis with a fixed step size under some natural assumptions. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applied to the computation problem of the Riemannian centroid on the symmetric positive definite (SPD) manifold as well as the principal component analysis and low-rank matrix completion problems on the Grassmann manifold. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the standard Riemannian stochastic gradient descent algorithm in each case.
How do disconnected macropores in sloping soils facilitate preferential flow?

Runoff from hillslopes is generated by processes such as infiltration‐excess and saturation overland flow, subsurface stormflow and subsurface return flow. Preferential flow through macropores can affect any one of these runoff generation processes. Field studies at the Hitachi Ohta Experimental Watershed in Japan have noted that self‐organization processes may manifest the connectivity of such subsurface flow paths, particularly via macropores, from hillslopes to stream channels. It is well established from soil physics principles that the connectivity of macropore networks depends on soil wetness and this has been shown experimentally at Hitachi Ohta where subsurface flow and streamflow respond to thresholds of wetness. Numerical solutions to the three‐dimensional Richards equation are derived for a sloping soil block containing a population of disconnected macropores of various sizes, shapes and orientations. Solutions for the case of steady water flux applied to the surface of the soil block are evaluated to determine the conditions where the disconnected macropores become active in the flow process. Results show that subsurface flow is directed through the preferential flow network in the saturated portion of the soil but bypasses the macropores in the drier regions. The preferential flow network expands as the degree of saturation increases. The expanding network of active macropores leads to less resistance to overall flow in the domain and access to increased volumes of the flow domain. Although the individual macropores are disconnected, it is argued that large localized hydraulic gradients can potentially lead to preferred zones of subsurface erosion. In addition to the importance of these findings related to stormflow generation in catchments, they add support to the concept of self‐organization of subsurface flow systems in soils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renal handling of circulating nitrates in anesthetized dogs.

Nitric oxide (NO) is rapidly oxidized to nitrite (NO-2) and then to nitrate (NO-3) in biological tissues. Although urinary excretion rates of NO-3 are often used as an index of NO production in the body, very little is known regarding the kidney's ability to excrete circulating NO-3. We have evaluated the renal responses to systemic administration of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in eight anesthetized dogs treated with the NO synthase inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine (NLA; 50 microg . kg-1 . min-1), intrarenally to minimize renal production of NO. Urinary and plasma concentrations of NO-3/NO-2 (NOX) were determined by the Greiss reaction after enzymatic reduction of NO-3 to NO-2. NLA treatment alone resulted in reductions in urinary NOX excretion rates (UNOXV, 1.13 +/- 0.2 to 0.53 +/- 0.1 nmol . min-1 . g-1) and an increase in fractional reabsorption of NOX (FRNOX, 93.8 +/- 0.6 to 97 +/- 0.6%) without changes in arterial plasma concentrations (ANOX, 18.7 +/- 1.4 to 21.2 +/- 3.7 microM). Administration of NaNO3 (10, 20, 30, and 40 microg . kg-1 . min-1) resulted in dose-dependent increases in ANOX (34.5 +/- 8.0, 46.4 +/- 7.3, 60.7 +/- 6.3, and 78.1 +/- 6.3 microM), UNOXV (1.8 +/- 0.7, 4.2 +/- 1.8, 7.0 +/- 2.0, and 11.4 +/- 3.3 nmol . min-1 . g-1), and decreases in FRNOX (93.8 +/- 2.3, 90.3 +/- 3.5, 88.6 +/- 3.2, and 84.6 +/- 3.5%). Absolute net tubular reabsorption of NO-3 showed a linear relationship with filtered loads, with no evidence of a transport maximum. These data show that, in the absence of additions from intrarenal sources, urinary excretion rates of nitrate increases progressively in response to increases in its circulating levels without exhibiting a transport maximum but with progressive decreases in fractional reabsorption.
Slab melt as metasomatic agent in island arc magma mantle sources, Negros and Batan (Philippines)

Abstract Two new cases of association of adakites with ‘normal’ island arc lavas and transitional adakites are recognized in the islands of Batan and Negros in northern and central Philippines, respectively. The Batan lavas are related to the subduction of the middle Miocene portion of the South China Sea basin along the Manila trench; those of Negros come from the almost aseismic subduction of the middle Miocene Sulu Sea crust along the Negros trench. The occurrence of the Batan adakites is consistent with previous findings showing adakitic glass inclusions within minerals of mantle xenoliths associated with Batan arc lavas. The similarity of adakite ages (1.09 Ma) and that of the metasomatized xenoliths (1 Ma) suggests that both are linked to the same slab‐melting and metasomatic event. Earlier Sr, Pb and Nd‐isotopic studies, however, also reveal the presence of an important sediment contribution to the Batan lava geochemistry. Thus, the role played by slab melts, assumed to have mid‐ocean ridge basalts‐like (MORB) isotopic characteristics, in enriching the Batan subarc mantle is largely masked by the sediment input. The Negros adakites are present only in Mount Cuernos, the volcanic center nearest to the Negros trench. Batch partial melting calculations show that the Negros adakites could be derived from a garnet amphibolitic source with normal‐MORB (N‐MORB) geochemistry. This is supported by the MORB‐like isotopic characteristics of the Mount Cuernos lavas. The volcanic rocks from the other volcanoes consist of normal arc and transitional adakitic lavas that have slightly higher Sr‐ and Pb‐isotopic ratios, probably due to slight sediment input. Mixing of adakites and normal arc lavas to produce transitional adakites is only partly supported by trace element geochemistry and not by field evidence. The transitional adakites can be modeled as partial melts of an adakite‐enriched mantle. Trace element enrichment of non‐adakitic lavas could reflect the interaction of their mantle source with uprising slab melts, as metasomatic mantle minerals scavenge certain trace elements from the adakitic fluids. Therefore, in arcs beneath which thick (up to 2 km) continent‐derived detrital sediments are involved in subduction, like in Batan, the sediment signature can overwhelm the slab melt input. In arcs like Negros where slow subduction could cause a more efficient scraping of thinner (approximately 1 km) detrital sediments, the contribution of slab melts is easier to detect.
Canine Skin and Conjunctival Swab Samples for the Detection and Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA in an Endemic Urban Area in Brazil

Background We evaluated kDNA PCR/hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the gene of DNA polymerase of Leishmania infantum for CVL diagnosis and assessment of parasite load in clinical samples obtained invasively and non-invasively. Methodology/Principal Findings Eighty naturally infected dogs from an endemic urban area in Brazil were used. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of CVL clinical sings. Skin biopsies, bone marrow, blood and conjunctival swabs samples were collected and submitted to L. infantum DNA detection. In addition, anti-Leishmania antibody titers were measured by Immunofluorescence antibody test. The symptomatic dogs had increased titers compared to asymptomatic dogs (P = 0.025). The frequencies of positive results obtained by kDNA PCR/hybridization for asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs, respectively, were as follows: right conjunctiva, 77.5% and 95.0%; left conjunctiva, 75.0% and 87.5%; skin, 45.0% and 75.0%; bone marrow, 50.0% and 77.5%; and blood, 27.5% and 22.5%. In both groups, the parasite load in the skin samples was the highest (P<0.0001). The parasite loads in the conjunctival swab and bone marrow samples were statistically equivalent within each group. The parasite burden in conjunctival swabs was higher in the dogs with clinical signs than in asymptomatic dogs (P = 0.028). This same relationship was also observed in the bone marrow samples (P = 0.002). No differences in amastigotes load in the skin were detected between the groups. Conclusions The conjunctival swab is a suitable clinical sample for qualitative molecular diagnosis of CVL. The highest parasite burdens were detected in skin regardless of the presence of VL-associated clinical signs. The qPCR results emphasized the role of dogs, particularly asymptomatic dogs, as reservoirs for CVL because of the high cutaneous parasite loads. These results may help to explain the maintenance of high transmission rates and numbers of CVL cases in endemic urban regions.
Pedestrian detection for driver assistance using multiresolution infrared vision

This paper describes a system for pedestrian detection in infrared images, which has been implemented on an experimental vehicle equipped with an infrared camera. The proposed system has been tested in many situations and has proven to be efficient and with a very low false-positive rate. It is based on a multiresolution localization of warm symmetrical objects with specific size and aspect ratio; anyway, because road infrastructures and other road participants may also have such characteristics, a set of matched filters is included in order to reduce false detections. A final validation process, based on human shape's morphological characteristics, is used to build the list of pedestrian appearing in the scene. Neither temporal correlation nor motion cues are used in this first part of the project: the processing is based on the analysis of single frames only.
GABAergic neurons in the rat pontomesencephalic tegmentum: Codistribution with cholinergic and other tegmental neurons projecting to the posterior lateral hypothalamus

The present study was undertaken to determine the frequency and distribution of GABAergic neurons within the rat pontomesencephalic tegmentum and the relationship of GABAergic cells to cholinergic and other tegmental neurons projecting to the hypothalamus. In sections immunostained for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), large numbers of small GAD‐positive neurons (∼50,000 cells) were distributed through the tegmentum and associated with a high density of GAD‐positive varicosities surrounding both GAD‐positive and GAD‐negative cells. Through the reticular formation, ventral tegmentum, raphe nuclei, and dorsal tegineritum, GAD‐positive cells were codistributed with larger cells, which included neurons immunostained on adjacent sections for glutamate, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), serotonin, or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In sections dual‐immunostained for GAD and ChAT, GABAergic neurons were seen to be intermingled with less numerous cholinergic cells (∼2,600 GAD+ to ∼ 1,400 ChAT+ cells in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, LDTg).
Src is activated by the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ in ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancer

Although non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common human cancer and its incidence continues to rise worldwide, the mechanisms underlying its development remain incompletely understood. Here, we unveil a cascade of events involving peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ and the oncogene Src, which promotes the development of ultraviolet (UV)‐induced skin cancer in mice. UV‐induced PPARβ/δ activity, which directly stimulated Src expression, increased Src kinase activity and enhanced the EGFR/Erk1/2 signalling pathway, resulting in increased epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression. Consistent with these observations, PPARβ/δ‐null mice developed fewer and smaller skin tumours, and a PPARβ/δ antagonist prevented UV‐dependent Src stimulation. Furthermore, the expression of PPARβ/δ positively correlated with the expression of SRC and EMT markers in human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and critically, linear models applied to several human epithelial cancers revealed an interaction between PPARβ/δ and SRC and TGFβ1 transcriptional levels. Taken together, these observations motivate the future evaluation of PPARβ/δ modulators to attenuate the development of several epithelial cancers.