Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEMONSTRATION OF TRANSPORT ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANES OF ERYTHROCYTE GHOSTS BY QUANTITATIVE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A quantitative electron microscopic method for the demonstration of (Na+ + K+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in human erythrocyte ghost membranes is described which differs from that employed previously by introducing several modifications which greatly reduce the possibility that variations in section thickness or contamination or sublimation in the electron beam could effect the result. This procedure makes use of the greater electron density of Cs+ rather than K+ ions as an activator of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, thus avoiding the lack of specificity of other histochemical or cytochemical procedures. The transient formation of an ion-carrier state during the hydrolysis of ATP by erythrocyte ghost membrane (Na+ + K+)-ATPase was shown by a significant increase in membrane density when Cs+ ions accumulate at the membrane. This accumulation occurs only in the presence of ouabain. The increase in membrane specific gravity was a generalized phenomenon and was not localized at discrete areas of the membrane, suggesting that (Na+ + K+)-ATPase "pumping sites" are distributed uniformly throughout the total membrane structure.
Assessment of occupational safety and health programs in small businesses.

BACKGROUND Occupational safety and health (OSH) programs are a strategy for protecting workers' health, yet there are few peer-reviewed reports on methods for assessing them, or on the prevalent characteristics of OSH programs, especially in small businesses. METHODS We adapted an occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) survey instrument to assess: management commitment and employee participation, workplace analysis, hazard prevention and control, and education and training. This was supplemented by a series of open-ended questions. We administered the survey in 25 small worksites. RESULTS Scores for each element ranged widely, with distribution of most scores being positively skewed. Barriers to addressing OSH included lack of time and in-house expertise, and production pressures. External agents, including corporate parents, liability insurers, and OSHA, played an important role in motivating OSH programs. CONCLUSIONS Small businesses were able to mount comprehensive programs, however, they may rely on outside resources for this task. Being small may not be a barrier to meeting the requirements of an OSHA program management rule.
The effect of total starvation and very low energy diet in lean men on kinetics of whole body protein and five hepatic secretory proteins.

It is unclear whether the rate of weight loss, independent of magnitude, affects whole body protein metabolism and the synthesis and plasma concentrations of specific hepatic secretory proteins. We examined 1) whether lean men losing weight rapidly (starvation) show greater changes in whole body protein kinetics, synthesis, and circulating concentrations of selected hepatic secretory proteins than those losing the same amount of weight more slowly [very low energy diet (VLED)]; and 2) whether plasma concentrations and synthetic rates of these proteins are related. Whole body protein kinetics were measured using [1-(13)C]leucine in 11 lean men (6 starvation, 5 VLED). Fractional and absolute synthetic rates of HDL-apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), retinol binding protein, transthyretin, alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT), and transferrin were measured using a prime-constant intravenous infusion of [(13)C(2)]glycine. Compared with VLED group, the starvation group showed greater increases (at a 5% weight loss) in whole body protein oxidation (P < 0.05); fractional synthetic rates of HDL-apoA1 (25.3 vs. -1.52%; P = 0.003) and retinol binding protein (30.6 vs. 7.1%; P = 0.007); absolute synthetic rates of HDL-apoA1 (7.1 vs. -3.8 mg.kg(-1). day(-1); P = 0.003) and alpha(1)-AT (17.8 vs. 3.6 mg.kg(-1). day(-1); P = 0.02); and plasma concentration of alpha(1)-AT (P = 0.025). Relationships between synthetic rates and plasma concentrations varied between the secreted proteins. It is concluded that synthetic rates of hepatic secreted proteins in lean men are more closely related to the rate than the magnitude of weight loss. Changes in concentration of these secreted proteins can occur independently of changes in synthetic rates, and vice versa.
Reversal of the transformed phenotype and inhibition of peptidylglycine α‐monooxygenase in Ras‐transformed cells by 4‐phenyl‐3‐butenoic acid

Recent studies have shown that the proliferation of some tumor cells is dependent on autocrine growth loops that require amidated autocrine growth factors. Peptidylglycine α‐monooxygenase (PAM) is required for amidation of these growth factors and, therefore, this enzyme is an attractive target for anti‐tumor compounds. 4‐Phenyl‐3‐butenoic acid (PBA) is an irreversible turnover‐dependent inhibitor of PAM in vitro and has been shown to decrease lung cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis of amidated growth factors. We show here that PBA (0.1 mg/mL) inhibits the growth of Ras‐transformed epithelial cells (WB‐Ras) but has little effect on the proliferation of normal epithelial cells (WB‐Neo). The methyl ester derivative of PBA (PBA‐Me) at 10‐fold lower concentration also exhibits a selective inhibition of Ras‐transformed cell growth compared to normal epithelial cell growth. In addition, PBA produces a significant upregulation of gap junctional communication between WB‐Ras cells following 2–5 day treatments, with a corresponding increase in the degree of connexin 43 phosphorylation and an increase in the number of connexin 43‐containing plasma membrane gap junction plaques. Western blot analyses indicate no effect of PBA on the proportion of p21 Ras in the membrane versus cytosolic fractions or on p44/42 MAP kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, the cell morphology of PBA‐treated WB‐Ras cells is altered, so as to more closely resemble that of non‐transformed WB‐Neo cells. PAM activity was assayed in both WB‐Ras and WB‐Neo cells, and we demonstrate that PBA at long treatment times (4 days) inhibits PAM activity in both cell types at concentrations that produce selective growth inhibition of WB‐Ras cells. Shorter PBA treatment times (24 h), however, inhibit PAM activity in WB‐Ras but not WB‐Neo cells, an effect that was mimicked by PBA‐Me. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that PBA returns Ras‐transformed cells to a more normal phenotype, a finding consistent with the known increased dominance of the Ras signaling pathway in transformed epithelial cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic and functional features of human Th17 cells

T helper (Th) 17 cells represent a novel subset of CD4+ T cells that are protective against extracellular microbes, but are responsible for autoimmune disorders in mice. However, their properties in humans are only partially known. We demonstrate the presence of Th17 cells, some of which produce both interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ (Th17/Th1), in the gut of patients with Crohn's disease. Both Th17 and Th17/Th1 clones showed selective expression of IL-23R, CCR6, and the transcription factor RORγt, and they exhibited similar functional features, such as the ability to help B cells, low cytotoxicity, and poor susceptibility to regulation by autologous regulatory T cells. Interestingly, these subsets also expressed the Th1-transcription factor T-bet, and stimulation of these cells in the presence of IL-12 down-regulated the expression of RORγt and the production of IL-17, but induced IFN-γ. These effects were partially inhibited in presence of IL-23. Similar receptor expression and functional capabilities were observed in freshly derived IL-17–producing peripheral blood and tonsillar CD4+ T cells. The demonstration of selective markers for human Th17 cells may help us to understand their pathogenic role. Moreover, the identification of a subset of cells sharing features of both Th1 and Th17, which can arise from the modulation of Th17 cells by IL-12, may raise new issues concerning developmental and/or functional relationships between Th17 and Th1.
Scapegoating in Baseball

Oscar Grusky's "Managerial Succession and Organizational Effectiveness" (American Journal of Sociology, July, 1963) makes use of an ingenious source of data for comparative organizational analysis. By picking major league baseball clubs for his focus, he has available to him twenty organizations which are identical in goals and in a wide variety of other structural characteristics. There is considerable potentiality here, but unfortunately Grusky's analysis offers us no more than the fact that those clubs which have done the worst over the years have changed their field managers most frequently. For this rather obvious correlation Grusky suggests two possible explanations. He quickly disposes of the common-sense explanation of one-way causality: the manager is fired because the team performs poorly. Despite the fact that this explanation is consistent with the data he presents, he charges it with, among other things, the failure "to stimulate careful empirical test. " Such a charge is doubly puzzling. First of all, it is not at all clear why this particular explanation offers any less of a clear empirical test than the alternative offered. Second, one looks in vain for the careful empirical tests that Grusky's more complicated explanation has produced. At the very least, one might have expected the specification of how one might get data that would allow a choice. Faced with two explanations that apparently handle the available data equally well, we prefer the simpler one, Grusky's invocation of Ernest Nagel notwithstanding. However, we wish to suggest that the common-sense explanation, Grusky's explanation, and a third one which we will suggest each has different implications and can be tested with little difficulty. A small amount of data toward such a test is offered below. As a prior step, we present the three explanations of the successioneffectiveness relationship and the different predictions which they make.
Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological distress among students at an Australian university

This research contributes to the empirical literature on university student mental well-being by investigating the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of severe levels of psychological distress. More than 5000 students at a metropolitan Australian university participated in an anonymous online survey in 2013 that included the short form of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21). Comparisons with published research show that our respondents' DASS results were substantially higher than those observed in studies with general community samples, but comparable to other studies targeting university students. Of the explanatory variables analysed, the student's field of study, the number of hours spent studying per week and the number of hours spent caring for family members were all strongly associated with scores in the severe or extremely severe range for each of the DASS scales. These findings provide guidance for policy development, service delivery and further research in higher education.
Pronoun Interpretation in the Second Language: Effects of Computational Complexity

Children acquiring their native language (L1) have been reported to have greater difficulty in interpreting pronouns than reflexives. In addition, they are less accurate when pronouns refer to referential antecedents than to quantified antecedents, and when they hear full pronouns as opposed to reduced pronouns. We hypothesize that similar difficulties of interpretation will occur for (non-advanced) second language (L2) learners, due to an elevated computational burden, as argued for L1 acquisition by Reinhart (2006, 2011). We report on an experiment with adult learners of English (L1s French and Spanish), using a truth-value judgment task. Participants interpreted reduced and full pronouns bound by referential and quantified antecedents in aurally presented test sentences. The learners’ performance is affected by type of pronoun and antecedent. When a referential antecedent is combined with a full pronoun, learners’ accuracy is significantly lower. These results are in line with Reinhart’s analysis of reference set computation in processing pronouns.
Is Beauty A Joy Forever? Young Women's Emotional Responses to Varying Types of Beautiful Advertising Models

Numerous studies have explored the relationship between female beauty and positive effects for the woman, product, or ad; however, none has explored women's emotional responses to different beauty types. This study investigated college women's emotional responses to Solomon, Ashmore, and Longo's six beauty types. The survey results revealed that the original six beauty types were not supported. Instead, they combined into two independent dimensions: Sexual/Sensual (SS) and Classic Beauty/Cute/Girl-Next-Door (CCG). After testing emotional reactions to High CCG/Low SS, High SS/Low CCG, and Equal CCG/SS models, models with higher degrees of CCG produced significantly greater pleasure, arousal, and dominance.
The stability and validity of early adolescents' reports of parenting constructs

The stability and validity of early adolescents' reports of 6 parenting constructs were examined: parent-child conflict, positive family relations, parental monitoring, parents' rule making, consistent enforcement of rules, and use of positive reinforcement. Hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; H. W. Marsh & D. Hocevar, 1988) on questionnaire data from 3 quarterly assessments of 174 5th-7th grade youth was used to test a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) model containing 6 parenting constructs as trait factors and 3 assessment occasions as method factors. Youths' reports of these parenting constructs were stable over time, and the CFA approach to MTMM data demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs. Each parenting construct was significantly correlated with youths' reports of deviant peer associations, antisocial behavior, and substance use, providing evidence of criterion validity.
Organisational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Work Values: Saudi and Expatriate Managers

This article reports the results of a survey which compared Saudi and expatriate managers on organisational commitment, job satisfaction and work values. Saudi and expatriate managers were found to be similar in their commitment to their organisations and in their work values; but some difference was observed in the job satisfaction levels. Implications of these findings are discussed and directions for future research are offered.
Pro- and anti-whaling discourses in British and Japanese newspaper reports in comparison: a cross-cultural perspective

This article compares and contrasts the discourse of whaling in British and Japanese newspaper reports. It investigates the ways in which pro- and anti-whaling discourses are formulated in the press by examining, in particular, the following features: (1) the use of specific lexis and syntactic structures, (2) the use of rhetorical devices, and (3) the control and organization of information at a discourse level. The article claims that British and Japanese news reports use very different strategies in expressing their anti- and pro-whaling stances; the former tend to use a more emotive and provocative tone, whereas the latter use a more restrained and factual tone. The article also claims that the issue of whaling tends to be discussed under different cultural assumptions and values in the respective discourses; and thus, suggests the possibility that readers may be influenced by the cumulative effects of these different discourses.
Colorectal cancer screening among ethnically diverse, low-income patients: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Patient navigators may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among adults in underserved communities, but prior randomized trials have been small or conducted at single sites and have not included substantial numbers of Haitian Creole-speaking or Portuguese-speaking patients. METHODS We identified 465 primary care patients from 4 community health centers and 2 public hospital-based clinics who were not up-to-date with CRC screening and spoke English, Haitian Creole, Portuguese, or Spanish as their primary language. We enrolled participants from September 1, 2008, through March 31, 2009, and followed them up for 1 year after enrollment. We randomly allocated patients to receive a patient navigation-based intervention or usual care. Intervention patients received an introductory letter from their primary care provider with educational material, followed by telephone calls from a language-concordant navigator. The navigators offered patients the option of being screened by fecal occult blood testing or colonoscopy. The primary outcome was completion of any CRC screening within 1 year. Secondary outcomes included the proportions of patients screened by colonoscopy who had adenomas or cancer detected. RESULTS During a 1-year period, intervention patients were more likely to undergo CRC screening than control patients (33.6% vs 20.0%; P < .001), to be screened by colonoscopy (26.4% vs 13.0%; P < .001), and to have adenomas detected (8.1% vs 3.9%; P = .06). In prespecified subgroup analyses, the navigator intervention was particularly beneficial for patients whose primary language was other than English (39.8% vs 18.6%; P < .001) and black patients (39.7% vs 16.7%; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS Patient navigation increased completion of CRC screening among ethnically diverse patients. Targeting patient navigation to black and non-English-speaking patients may be a useful approach to reducing disparities in CRC screening. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01141114.
Procedure for Maximizing Phonological Information from Single-Word Responses

Formal articulation test responses are often used by the busy clinician as a basis for planning intervention goals. This article describes a 6-step procedure for using efficiently the single-word responses elicited with an articulation test. This procedure involves the assessment of all consonants within a word rather than only test-target consonants. Responses are organized within a Model and Replica chart to yield information about an individual's (a) articulation ability, (b) frequency of target attainment, substitutions, and deletions, (c) variability in production, and (d) phonological processes. This procedure is recommended as a preliminary assessment measure. It is advised that more detailed analysis of continuous speech be undertaken in conjunction with early treatment sessions.
Suicide in the north of Thailand.

OBJECTIVE To examine the characteristics of complete suicide in the North of Thailand from 1998-2002. MATERIAL AND METHOD Data of suicide in the North of Thailand were obtained from the Bureau of Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Public Health and analyzed mortality from suicides during 1998-2002 classified by gender and methods. RESULTS The suicide rate in the North for both genders was the highest among all regions of Thailand (average rate of 13.9 per 100,000 population during 1998-2002). The ratio of male to female was 3.6:1. There was a peak age group for male suicides (aged 25-34 years) while female suicides showed less variation with age. Hanging was the most common suicide method followed by the use of agricultural toxic substances. Suicides were most prevalent in the upper northern region and high suicide rates occurred in Chiangmai, Lampoon, Phayao, Chiangrai, and Phrae provinces. CONCLUSION The suicide rate in the upper northern Thailand was found to be considerably high. Therefore, suicide prevention programs should be given priority in this region, particularly in Chiangmai and Lampoon provinces.
Fracture Prevention in the Orthopaedic Environment: Outcomes of a Coordinator-Based Fracture Liaison Service

Background: Fracture liaison services focus on secondary fracture prevention by identifying patients at risk for future fracture and initiating appropriate evaluation, risk assessment, education, and therapeutic intervention. This study describes key clinical outcomes including bone mineral densitometry, physician assessment, and pharmacotherapy initiation in pharmacotherapy-naïve patients undergoing treatment for fragility fracture in a Canadian fracture liaison service. Methods: We determined rates of post-fracture investigation and treatment for inpatients and outpatients with a fragility fracture seen in a coordinator-based fracture liaison service at an urban university trauma hospital. The program identified distal radial, proximal femoral, proximal humeral, and vertebral fragility fractures in female patients ≥40 years of age and male patients ≥50 years of age and provided education, bone mineral densitometry, inpatient consultation or outpatient specialist or primary care physician referral for bone health management, and documented patient follow-up. Results: The 2,191 patients with a fragility fracture were not taking anti-osteoporosis pharmacotherapy at the time of identification (862 inpatients and 1,329 outpatients). Eighty-four percent of inpatients and 85% of outpatients completed a bone mineral densitometry as recommended. Fifty-two percent of patients with proximal femoral fracture, 29% of patients with vertebral fracture, 26% of patients with proximal humeral fracture, and 20% of patients with distal radial fracture had osteoporosis confirmed on the basis of a bone mineral densitometry T-score of ⩽−2.5 at the femoral neck or L1 to L4. Eighty-five percent of inpatients and 79% of outpatients referred for bone health management were assessed by a specialist or primary care physician. Of the patients who attended their appointments, 73% of inpatients and 52% of outpatients received a prescription for anti-osteoporosis medication. Conclusions: A high rate of education, evaluation, and pharmacological treatment, if indicated, can be achieved through a coordinator-facilitated fracture liaison service program. Clinical Relevance: Fracture prevention programs are currently engaged in establishing and modifying fracture liaison services in a quest for practical and effective models. The program described in this article exemplifies a coordinator-based model that produced good outcomes.
Algebras and Modules in Monoidal Model Categories

In recent years the theory of structured ring spectra (formerly known as A∞‐ and E∞‐ring spectra) has been simplified by the discovery of categories of spectra with strictly associative and commutative smash products. Now a ring spectrum can simply be defined as a monoid with respect to the smash product in one of these new categories of spectra. In this paper we provide a general method for constructing model category structures for categories of ring, algebra, and module spectra. This provides the necessary input for obtaining model categories of symmetric ring spectra, functors with smash product, Gamma‐rings, and diagram ring spectra. Algebraic examples to which our methods apply include the stable module category over the group algebra of a finite group and unbounded chain complexes over a differential graded algebra. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: primary 55U35; secondary 18D10.