Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radial glia diversity: A matter of cell fate

Early in development of the central nervous system, radial glial cells arise from the neuroepithelial cells lining the ventricles around the time that neurons begin to appear. The transition of neuroepithelial cells to radial glia is accompanied by a series of structural and functional changes, including the appearance of “glial” features, as well as the appearance of new signaling molecules and junctional proteins. However, not all radial glia are alike. Radial glial lineages appear to be heterogeneous both within and across different brain regions. Subtypes of neurogenic radial glia within the cortex, for example, may have restricted potential in terms of the cell types they are able to generate. Radial glia located in different brain regions also differ in their expression of growth factors, a diverse number of transcription factors, and the cell types they generate, suggesting that they are involved in regionalization of the developing nervous system in several aspects. These findings highlight the important but complex role of radial glia as participants in key steps of brain development. GLIA 43:37–43, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Interactive Media Package for Assessment of Communication and Critical Thinking (IMPACCT©): Testing a Programmatic Online Communication Competence Assessment System

IMPACCT is an online survey covering over 40 self-report types of student communication competency, as well as a test of critical thinking based on cognitive problem-solving. The student nominates two peers who rate the student's interpersonal, computer-mediated, group and leadership, and public speaking communication competence. The student takes the self-report survey at Time 1 (T1), and also at a Time 2 (T2). The system generates a printable profile for the student displaying the following percentiles: (a) T1-Self (i.e., how the student sees self's communication skills in various skill domains at time 1), (b) T2-Self (i.e., how the student's scores changed from T1 to T2), (c) Peers (i.e., how self-rated skills compare to averaged ratings by two peers nominated by the student), and (d) Norms (i.e., how self-rated skills compare to everyone else's self-ratings who has taken the survey). The resulting collective data are available to the department to provide evidence of student self-perceived skill deficits at T1, as well as perceived change from T1 (e.g., beginning of course or major) to T2 (e.g., end of course or major), providing quantifiable data for assessment accounting and reporting. The system was tested on a basic course sample of 1,880 freshmen basic course students and 1,999 affiliated peer raters using a new measure of communication competence developed for this project. All subscales were sufficiently reliable. The self-reported motivation, knowledge, and skills constructs accounted for between 68–72% of student self-perceptions of overall communication competence (i.e., appropriateness, effectiveness, clarity, attractiveness, satisfaction). Critical thinking was unrelated, and peer ratings were only modestly related, to student self-perceptions of communication competence. Student self-perceived skills were systematically lower than peer ratings of students. Students consistently perceived that their communication competence and skills increased significantly over the span of the semester. The system is highly scalable and adaptable to multiple curricular configurations, and shows promise in providing a practical solution to departmental assessment needs. The measure also provides a valuable architecture for significant research and theory development in the area of communication competence.
A Theoretical Review of Winne and Hadwin’s Model of Self-Regulated Learning: New Perspectives and Directions

This theoretical review of Winne and Hadwin’s model of self-regulated learning (SRL) seeks to highlight how the model sheds new light on current research as well as suggests interesting new directions for future work. The authors assert that the model’s more complex cognitive architecture, inclusion of monitoring and control within each phase of learning, and separation of task definition and goal setting into separate phases are all important contributions to the SRL literature. New research directions are outlined, including more nuanced interpretations of judgments of learning and the potential to more thoroughly assess the influence of interactions among cognitive and task conditions on all phases of learning.
We Are the World—and They Are Not: Prototypicality for the World Community, Legitimacy, and Responses to Global Inequality

The relation between developed and developing countries is characterized by inequalities that sometimes hinder actions against worldwide problems. The current research presents an intergroup approach, based on the ingroup projection model, towards an analysis of psychological processes that perpetuate global inequality on a social group level. Precisely, we argue that people from developed countries perceive their group as more prototypical for the world population than they perceive people from developing countries. These perceptions of ingroup prototypicality should in turn relate to legitimacy beliefs and predict unfavorable behavioral intentions towards developing countries. We present two studies that corroborate our hypotheses: In Study 1, participants from a developed country perceived their ingroup as more prototypical for the superordinate group (i.e., world population) than the outgroup (i.e., developing countries), which in turn was related to beliefs that global inequality is legitimate. This finding was replicated in Study 2, and the predicted effect of ingroup prototypicality on behavioral intentions was mediated by legitimacy beliefs. These findings demonstrate that intergroup processes can contribute to perpetuating global inequality.
A Practical Theory to Help You Change Society One Organization at a Time

A case study is used to compare and contrast two organizational paradigms, the traditional/hierarchical or ‘pyramidal’ paradigm and the participative/democratic or ‘parabolic’ paradigm. The term parabolic is introduced to highlight the too often overlooked role of structure in shaping behavior. Organizational structures unconsciously shape our behavior in nearly all of our interactions because they reinforce clusters of values. The pyramidal paradigm subtly encourages behaviors based on status and control. The parabolic paradigm encourages behaviors based on relationship, learning and purpose. The parabolic paradigm integrates two approaches - collaborative and structural. When leaders or change agents integrate a collaborative mindset (I don’t, you could, together better) with the structural mindset (pyramids dominate, parabolas partner, structure matters) they develop a theory of practice that enables them to act more purposefully, intelligently and more courageously. When they repeat these behaviors within their organizations they create ripples and help to shift their colleague’s mindsets to be more collaborative within their organization and ultimately the world.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Primary Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma (JOAG)

Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by an early age of onset and severely elevated intraocular pressures. Large JOAG pedigrees have been pivotal in genetic linkage analyses that have helped establish the association between JOAG and the myocilin gene (MYOC). Numerous disease-causing MYOC mutations have now been identified, and additional loci on other chromosomes have been linked to JOAG. Ongoing molecular genetic studies on myocilin andthe search for new gene defects associated with JOAG may offer new directions in our scientific understanding and clinical management of open-angle glaucoma.
Monosodium l-glutamate in soup reduces subsequent energy intake from high-fat savoury food in overweight and obese women

Abstract The umami seasoning, monosodium l-glutamate (MSG), has been shown to increase satiety in normal body weight adults, although the results have not been consistent. The satiety effect of MSG in overweight and obese adults has not been examined yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of MSG in a vegetable soup on subsequent energy intakes as well as food selection in overweight and obese adult women without eating disorders. A total of sixty-eight overweight and obese women (BMI range: 25·0–39·9 kg/m2), otherwise healthy, were recruited to our study. A fixed portion (200 ml) of control vegetable soup or the same soup with added MSG (0·5 g/100 ml) was provided 10 min before an ad libitum lunch and an ad libitum snack in the mid-afternoon. The control soup had equivalent amount of Na to the soup with added MSG. Energy intakes at the ad libitum lunch and ad libitum snack time after the soup preload were assessed using a randomised, double-blind, two-way cross-over design. The soup with MSG in comparison with the control soup resulted in significantly lower consumption of energy at lunch. The addition of MSG in the soup also reduced energy intake from high-fat savoury foods. The soup with MSG showed lower but no significant difference in energy intake at mid-afternoon. The addition of umami seasoning MSG in a vegetable soup may decrease subsequent energy intake in overweight and obese women who do not have eating disorders.
Deeply Etched Inner-Cavity Pit Reflector

A deeply etched pit reflector is presented in this paper. The pit is not depth sensitive and has a comparable reflection and loss to a slot. Moreover, a two-section 750 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }{\text {m}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> laser cavity based on the pits is demonstrated. The laser achieved a side-mode suppression ratio of 40 dB, a linewidth of 280 KHz, and tuning across 40 nm.
Sexual Stories as Resistance Narratives in Women’s Sports: Reconceptualizing Identity Performance

Previous research has relied on the personal narratives of female coaches and athletes to generate knowledge related to homophobia in women’s athletics. We suggest that the body of knowledge generated from these investigations has served to construct a meta story of victimization surrounding women’s sport experiences. We make this claim primarily around theoretical frameworks that link a final, liberating stage of development with being explicitly out as a lesbian. As a result, only a narrow range of sexual identity performances (e.g., linguistically naming oneself as lesbian) is recognized as being effective in creating climates of tolerance and, by extension, social change. Employing an analytical tool developed by Plummer (1995), we examined the “sexual stories” of intercollegiate coaches who did not identify themselves as “out” lesbians, but who nevertheless employed a multiplicity of strategies related to the performance of their sexual identity to actively resist social injustice. Based on these fin.
Good Day Sunshine: Stock Returns and the Weather

Psychological evidence and casual intuition predict that sunny weather is associated with upbeat mood. This paper examines the relationship between morning sunshine in the city of a country's leading stock exchange and daily market index returns across 26 countries from 1982 to 1997. Sunshine is strongly significantly correlated with stock returns. After controlling for sunshine, rain and snow are unrelated to returns. Substantial use of weather-based strategies was optimal for a trader with very low transactions costs. However, because these strategies involve frequent trades, fairly modest costs eliminate the gains. These findings are difficult to reconcile with fully rational price setting.
Exercise, fasting, and mimetics: toward beneficial combinations?

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated disorders that involve a multiplicity of tissues. Both fasting and physical exercise are known to counteract dyslipidemia/hyperglycemia. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in the control of blood glucose levels, and the metabolic changes and related signaling pathways in skeletal muscle induced by fasting overlap with those induced by exercise. The reduction of fat disposal has been shown to extend to the liver and to white and brown adipose tissue and to involve an increase in their metabolic activities. In recent years signal transduction pathways related to exercise and fasting/food withdrawal in muscle have been intensively studied, both in animals and in humans. Combining fasting/food withdrawal with exercise in animals as well as in humans causes changes unlike those seen during fasting/food withdrawal or exercise alone, which favor repair of muscle over autophagy. In addition, compounds that mimic exercise have been studied in combination with exercise or fasting/food withdrawal. This review addresses our current knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie the individual and combined effects of fasting/food withdrawal, endurance or resistance exercise, and their mimetics, in muscle vs. other organs in rodents and humans, and highlights which combinations may improve metabolic disorders. —Jaspers, R. T. , Zillikens, M. C. , Friesema, E. C. H. , delli Paoli, G. , Bloch, W. , Uitterlinden, A. G. , Goglia, F. , Lanni, A. , de Lange, P. Exercise, fasting, and mimetics: toward beneficial combinations. FASEB J. 31, 14–28 (2017) www.fasebj. org
The Culture of Discourse on Educational Reform in Spain

Where the education of subaltern multicultural student collectives is concerned, the case of contemporary developments in the discourse of reform in Spain is particularly poignant. A critical engagement with that discourse and its greater sociocultural context reveals some of the subtle ways in which cultural alterity comes to be represented. And because the implications for immigrant and Gypsy/Roma groups are serious and complex, such representations can and must be challenged on multiple fronts, some of which are pursued in this essay. Before embarking on that task, however, it should be pointed out that the main focus here is on the production of policy discourse as opposed to the actual pedagogies occurring in schools. This focus has been chosen even as it becomes clear that, in Western educational systems, inequality persists despite the ebb and flow of most ‘‘top-down’’ reform efforts—as researchers from analytical camps both radical (Apple, 1996; Martı́nez Bonafé, 1998) and postmodern (Popkewitz, 1991; Varela & Álvarez Urı́a, 1991) have observed. Given this reality, why then engage the discursive realm of reforms? Official narratives on education are called into question here for the same reason that the gap between theory and practice must be bridged, for, policy discourse—as a cultural construct—is in fact generated at various points along the theorypractice continuum. But the power it exerts on educational phenomena is highly relative and heavily conditioned along the way. In this Foucauldian sense, official pedagogical knowledge, as relayed through the discourse of reform, is not only historically contingent, but coexists and competes with other regimes of truth. These include ‘‘common sense’’ versions of professional knowledge, or ‘‘the wisdom of experience’’ in teaching (Popkewitz, 1998), as well as teachers’ reliance on the security of routine and The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 26:249–275, 2004 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Inc. ISSN: 1071-4413 print DOI: 10.1080/10714410490905302
Offering Supplementary Network Technologies: Adoption Behavior and Offloading Benefits

To alleviate the congestion caused by rapid growth in demand for mobile data, wireless service providers (WSPs) have begun encouraging users to offload some of their traffic onto supplementary network technologies, e.g., offloading from 3G or 4G to WiFi or femtocells. With the growing popularity of such offerings, a deeper understanding of the underlying economic principles and their impact on technology adoption is necessary. To this end, we develop a model for user adoption of a base technology (e.g., 3G) and a bundle of the base plus a supplementary technology (e.g., 3G + WiFi). Users individually make their adoption decisions based on several factors, including the technologies' intrinsic qualities, negative congestion externalities from other subscribers, and the flat access rates that a WSP charges. We then show how these user-level decisions translate into aggregate adoption dynamics and prove that these converge to a unique equilibrium for a given set of exogenously determined system parameters. We fully characterize these equilibria and study adoption behaviors of interest to a WSP. We then derive analytical expressions for the revenue-maximizing prices and optimal coverage factor for the supplementary technology and examine some resulting nonintuitive user adoption behaviors. Finally, we develop a mobile app to collect empirical 3G/WiFi usage data and numerically investigate the profit-maximizing adoption levels when a WSP accounts for its cost of deploying the supplemental technology and savings from offloading traffic onto this technology.
Coverage Analysis and Load Balancing in HetNets With Millimeter Wave Multi-RAT Small Cells

We characterize a two tier heterogeneous network, consisting of classical sub-6 GHz macro cells, and multi radio access technology (RAT) small cells able to operate in sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands. For optimizing coverage and to balance loads, we propose a two-step mechanism based on two biases for tuning the tier and RAT selection, where the sub-6 GHz band is used to speed-up the initial access procedure in the mm-wave RAT. First, we investigate the effect of the biases in terms of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) distribution, cell load, and user throughput. More specifically, we obtain the optimal biases that maximize either the SINR coverage or the user downlink throughput. Then, we characterize the cell load using the mean cell approach and derive upper bounds on the overloading probabilities. Finally, for a given traffic density, we provide the small cell density required to satisfy system constraints in terms of overloading and outage probabilities. Our analysis highlights the importance of deploying dual-band small cells, in particular, when small cells are sparsely deployed or in case of heavy traffic.
The Role of Grammatical Category Information in Spoken Word Retrieval

We investigated the role of lexical syntactic information such as grammatical gender and category in spoken word retrieval processes by using a blocking paradigm in picture and written word naming experiments. In Experiments 1, 3, and 4, we found that the naming of target words (nouns) from pictures or written words was faster when these target words were named within a list where only words from the same grammatical category had to be produced (homogeneous category list: all nouns) than when they had to be produced within a list comprising also words from another grammatical category (heterogeneous category list: nouns and verbs). On the other hand, we detected no significant facilitation effect when the target words had to be named within a homogeneous gender list (all masculine nouns) compared to a heterogeneous gender list (both masculine and feminine nouns). In Experiment 2, using the same blocking paradigm by manipulating the semantic category of the items, we found that naming latencies were significantly slower in the semantic category homogeneous in comparison with the semantic category heterogeneous condition. Thus semantic category homogeneity caused an interference, not a facilitation effect like grammatical category homogeneity. Finally, in Experiment 5, nouns in the heterogeneous category condition had to be named just after a verb (category-switching position) or a noun (same-category position). We found a facilitation effect of category homogeneity but no significant effect of position, which showed that the effect of category homogeneity found in Experiments 1, 3, and 4 was not due to a cost of switching between grammatical categories in the heterogeneous grammatical category list. These findings supported the hypothesis that grammatical category information impacts word retrieval processes in speech production, even when words are to be produced in isolation. They are discussed within the context of extant theories of lexical production.
Chlamydia psittaci in Swedish Wetland Birds: A Risk to Zoonotic Infection?

SUMMARY. Chlamydia psittaci in birds may be transmitted to humans and cause respiratory infections, sometimes as severe disease. Our study investigated the C. psittaci prevalence in migratory birds in Sweden by real-time PCR. Fecal specimens or cloacal swabs were collected from 497 birds from 22 different species, mainly mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), at two bird observatories in Sweden. DNA from C. psittaci was found in six (1.2%) birds from three different species. Five of the positive specimens were infected with four novel strains of C. psittaci, based on sequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene and ompA gene, and the sixth was indentified as a recently described Chlamydiaceae-like bacterium. Considering exposure to humans it is concluded that the risk of zoonotic infection is low.
Constitutive expression of an ISGF2/IRF1 transgene leads to interferon-independent activation of interferon-inducible genes and resistance to virus infection

Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene factor 2 (ISGF2) plays a role in transcription of the beta IFN (IFN-beta) gene and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and may function as a central mediator of cytokine responses. Constitutive ISGF2 transgene expression resulted in substantial resistance to three RNA virus families. This phenotype was not a consequence of IFN production and may have arisen directly through ISG expression. ISGF2 acted generally as a positive transcription factor through binding sites from several genes, in the context of transient cotransfection. Constitutive transcription of the endogenous IFN-beta gene, and several genes that are normally induced by either IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma, or only by IFN-alpha, was elevated in cells that constitutively express an ISGF2 transgene. However, constitutive and virus-induced levels of IFN-beta mRNA were unaffected in such cell lines.
A Survey on Future Internet Security Architectures

Current host-centric Internet Protocol (IP) networks are facing unprecedented challenges, such as network attacks and the exhaustion of IP addresses. Motivated by emerging demands for security, mobility, and distributed networking, many research projects have been initiated to design the future Internet from a clean slate. In order to obtain a thorough knowledge of security in future Internet architecture, we review a number of well-known projects, including named data networking, Content Aware Searching Retrieval and sTreaming, MobilityFirst Future Internet Architecture Project (MobilityFirst), eXpressive Internet Architecture, and scalability, control, and isolation on next-generation network. These projects aim to move away from the traditional host-centric networks and replace them with content-centric, mobility-centric, or service-centric networks. However, different principles and designs also raise various issues on network security. For each project, we describe its architecture design and how it deals with security issues. Furthermore, we compare these projects and discuss their pros and cons. Open security issues are pointed out for directing future research.