Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pumping Style on Milk Production in Mothers of Non-Nursing Preterm Infants

Milk production was examined in 39 lactating mothers of non-nursing preterm infants from 2 tertiary care centers. The purposes of this study were (1) to compare milk production of those using sequential single (SEQ) or simultaneous double (SIM) breast-pumping regimen, and (2) to examine the relationship of selected variables to inadequate (<3500 g/week) and adequate (>3500 g/week) milk production. In multivariate analysis, mothers using SIM produced a similar amount of milk by weight during weeks 2 to 5 postpartum compared to those using SEQ. A logistic regression model including frequency of kangaroo care, frequency of pumping, high versus low income, and previous breastfeeding experience was predictive of mothers producing adequate versus inadequate milk volume 79% of the time. All of the mothers producing >3500 g at week 2 produced adequate amounts of milk at weeks 4 and 5. None of the mothers producing < 1700 g at week 2 reached adequate production by weeks 4 and 5. Of the remaining mothers who produced 1700 g to 3500 g at week 2, 54% achieved adequate production during weeks 4 and 5 postpartum.
Characterization and mutagenesis of sulfur-regulated genes in a cyanobacterium: evidence for function in sulfate transport

A sulfur-regulated gene (cysA) that encodes the membrane-associated ATP-binding protein of the sulfate transport system of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was recently isolated and sequenced. Adjacent to cysA and transcribed in the opposite direction is a gene encoding the sulfate-binding protein (sbpA). Two other genes, cysT and cysW, encode proteins that may form a channel for the transport of sulfate across the cytoplasmic membrane. A fourth gene, cysR, located between cysT, and cysW, encodes a polypeptide that has some homology to a family of prokaryotic regulatory proteins. Mutant strains in which cysA, cysT, or cysW was interrupted by a drug resistance marker were not viable when grown with sulfate as the sole sulfur source and exhibited essentially no sulfate uptake. In contrast, sbpA and cysR mutants grew on sulfate, although they did not exhibit the 20-fold increase in the Vmax (concentration of sulfate at half-maximal transport rate) for sulfate transport characteristic of wild-type cells grown under sulfur-limiting conditions. Three of the sulfur-regulated genes in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 are similar to genes encoded by the chloroplast genome of the primitive plant Marchantia polymorpha. These data suggest that a sulfate transport system similar to that of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 may exist in the chloroplast envelope of photosynthetic eukaryotes.
High risk of neutropenia in HIV-infected children following treatment with artesunate plus amodiaquine for uncomplicated malaria in Uganda.

BACKGROUND Artemisinin-based combination therapies are rapidly being adopted for the treatment of malaria in Africa; however, there are limited data on their safety and efficacy among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations. METHODS We compared malaria treatment outcomes between cohorts of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children in Uganda who were observed for 18 and 29 months, respectively. Malaria was treated with artesunate plus amodiaquine, and outcomes were assessed using standardized guidelines. HIV-infected children received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy in accordance with current guidelines. RESULTS Twenty-six HIV-infected participants experiencing 35 episodes of malaria and 134 HIV-uninfected children experiencing 258 episodes of malaria were included in the study. Twelve HIV-infected children were receiving antiretroviral therapy, 11 of whom were receiving zidovudine. Malaria treatment was highly efficacious in both the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected cohorts (28-day risk of recrudescence, 0% and 3.6%, respectively); however, there was a trend towards increased risk of recurrent malaria among the HIV-uninfected children (2.9% vs. 13.2%; p = .08). Importantly, the risk of neutropenia 14 days after initiation of treatment with artesunate plus amodiaquine was higher among HIV-infected children than among HIV-uninfected children (45% vs. 6%; p < .001). The severity of all episodes of neutropenia in HIV-uninfected children was mild to moderate, and 16% of episodes of neutropenia in the HIV-infected cohort were severe or life-threatening (neutrophil count, <750 cells/mm(3)). In the HIV-infected cohort, the risk of neutropenia was significantly higher among children who received antiretroviral therapy than among those who did not receive antiretroviral therapy (75% vs. 26%; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Artesunate plus amodiaquine was highly efficacious for malaria treatment in HIV-infected children but was associated with a high risk of neutropenia, especially in the context of concurrent antiretroviral use. Our findings highlight an urgent need for evaluation of alternative antimalarial therapies for HIV-infected individuals.
Funding Self-Employment: The Role of Consumer Credit

This paper investigates whether self-employed households use consumer loans in particular installment loans and overdrafts to finance business activities. Controlling for financial and non-financial household variables the authors show that self-employed households particularly use personal overdrafts significantly more often than employee households. When analyzing the correlation between consumer loan take-ups and consumption of self-employed in comparison to employee households, the authors find first evidence that overdrafts are used by self-employed to finance their business as well. This indicates that intermingling constitutes a financing strategy when regular business loans may not be accessible. This paper is structured as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two reviews previous empirical research results and outlines research agenda. Section three details the methodology. Section four presents the results of the empirical analysis. Section five reviews the limits of the study and makes recommendations for future research. Finally, conclusions are provided in section six.
Self-rated health and mortality in people with diabetes.

OBJECTIVES This study examined whether self-rated health is an independent and significant predictor of mortality in people with diabetes, using data collected in the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. METHODS Participants were asked to rate their health in comparison with others their age. A proportional hazards model was used to regress survival time on self-rated health and a number of covariates measuring physical health. RESULTS People with younger onset diabetes (n = 891) who rated their health relative to their peers as "worse" or "don't know" were no more likely to die than those rating their health as "the same" or "better" when physical health status was controlled. In contrast, those with older onset diabetes (n = 987) who rated their health as "worse" or "don't know" were almost twice as likely to die as those rating their health as "the same" or "better" when physical health status was controlled. CONCLUSIONS Self-rated health is a significant predictor of mortality in people with older onset diabetes but not in those with younger onset diabetes when physical health status is controlled.
Effects of Socio-Cultural Factors on Quality of Life in a Group of Soldiers: Based on Quranic Teachings

Article history: Received: 01 Agu 2011 Revised: 30 Sep 2011 Accept: 05 Dec 2011 Article type: Original Article Background: Given that Iran's population is young and all these young people have to fulfill their military service in military centers, it is worthwhile (decent) to study the quality of life of this stratum of society. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to examine socio - economic factors associ- ated with quality of life of soldiers with emphasis on Quranic teachings. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the structured questionnaire de- signed for 209 soldiers, who were selected by systematic random sampling. Statistical methods of Cronbach's alpha for assessment (tools) reliability, Pearson correlation co- efficient for testing hypotheses, analysis of variance to test statistical comparison and regression were used in this study. Results: According to research findings there is a significant relationship between the variables including: age (r = -0.241), time spent in military service (r = 0.21), housing sta- tus (t = 22.90), social class identity (f = 14.95), religious orientation (r = 0.41), social capital (r = 0.12), self-esteem (r = 0.34) and the quality of life of soldiers. Conclusions: Based on research findings it can be concluded that the variable of quality of life is affected by other variables including: religious orientation, time spent in mili - tary service, self-esteem, age, education and housing status. And any changes in each of these variables will change the quality of life of soldiers.
Temperature lidar measurements from 1 to 105 km altitude using resonance, Rayleigh, and Rotational Raman scattering

Abstract. For the first time, three different temperature lidar methods are combined to obtain time-resolved complete temperature profiles with high altitude resolution over an altitude range from the planetary boundary layer up to the lower thermosphere (about 1–105 km). The Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) at Kuhlungsborn, Germany (54° N, 12° E) operates two lidar instruments, using three different temperature measurement methods, optimized for three altitude ranges: (1) Probing the spectral Doppler broadening of the potassium D 1 resonance lines with a tunable narrow-band laser allows atmospheric temperature profiles to be determined at metal layer altitudes (80–105 km). (2) Between about 20 and 90 km, temperatures were calculated from Rayleigh backscattering by air molecules, where the upper start values for the calculation algorithm were taken from the potassium lidar results. Correction methods have been applied to account for, e.g. Rayleigh extinction or Mie scattering of aerosols below about 32 km. (3) At altitudes below about 25 km, backscattering in the Rotational Raman lines is strong enough to obtain temperatures by measuring the temperature dependent spectral shape of the Rotational Raman spectrum. This method works well down to about 1 km. The instrumental configurations of the IAP lidars were optimized for a 3–6 km overlap of the temperature profiles at the method transition altitudes. We present two night-long measurements with clear wave structures propagating from the lower stratosphere up to the lower thermosphere.
Comprehensive Analysis of Transcript Start Sites in Ly49 Genes Reveals an Unexpected Relationship with Gene Function and a Lack Of Upstream Promoters

Comprehensive analysis of the transcription start sites of the Ly49 genes of C57BL/6 mice using the oligo-capping 5′-RACE technique revealed that the genes encoding the “missing self” inhibitory receptors, Ly49A, C, G, and I, were transcribed from multiple broad regions in exon 1, in the intron1/exon2 region, and upstream of exon -1b. Ly49E was also transcribed in this manner, and uniquely showed a transcriptional shift from exon1 to exon 2 when NK cells were activated in vitro with IL2. Remarkably, a large proportion of Ly49E transcripts was then initiated from downstream of the translational start codon. By contrast, the genes encoding Ly49B and Q in myeloid cells, the activating Ly49D and H receptors in NK cells, and Ly49F in activated T cells, were predominantly transcribed from a conserved site in a pyrimidine-rich region upstream of exon 1. An ∼200 bp fragment from upstream of the Ly49B start site displayed tissue-specific promoter activity in dendritic cell lines, but the corresponding upstream fragments from all other Ly49 genes lacked detectable tissue-specific promoter activity. In particular, none displayed any significant activity in a newly developed adult NK cell line that expressed multiple Ly49 receptors. Similarly, no promoter activity could be found in fragments upstream of intron1/exon2. Collectively, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized relationship between the pattern of transcription and the expression/function of Ly49 receptors, and indicate that transcription of the Ly49 genes expressed in lymphoid cells is achieved in a manner that does not require classical upstream promoters.
Cardiac Emergency Preparedness in Health/Fitness Facilities in Australia

Abstract Background: Health/fitness facilities are popular venues for physical activity, where increasingly more individuals at risk of cardiovascular events exercise to achieve positive health outcomes. The aim of our study was to analyze cardiac emergency preparedness in health/fitness facilities in Queensland, Australia. Design: Cross-sectional survey of health/fitness facilities in Queensland. Methods: A risk management questionnaire was administered over 7 months, July 2009 to January 2010, using an online or paper-based version. The data are presented as the proportion of survey respondents giving specific responses to questionnaire items related to cardiac emergency preparedness, especially the provision of automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Results: Fifty-two health/fitness facility managers responded to the survey. Most of the surveyed facilities conducted pre-activity screening (92%). Of those with a written emergency plan (79%), only 37% physically rehearsed their emergency response systems at regular intervals. Ninety-five percent of the facilities had fitness employees with a current first aid/cardiopulmonary resuscitation certificate and training. Of the 10 (19%) facilities with an on-site AED, only 6 had staff qualified to use the AED in an emergency, and only 6 had the AED as part of a public access defibrillator program. Conclusion: This is the first study to report that cardiac emergency preparedness is not optimal in the health/fitness facilities in Australia. Development of policies and procedures for training health/fitness professionals in emergency procedures is needed to minimize the risk when exercise-induced cardiac events occur at health/fitness facilities.
In Vitro and In Vivo P-Glycoprotein Transport Characteristics of Rivaroxaban

Rivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, has a dual mode of elimination in humans, with two-thirds metabolized by the liver and one-third renally excreted unchanged. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be involved in the absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs. To investigate whether rivaroxaban is a substrate of P-gp, the bidirectional flux of rivaroxaban across Caco-2, wild-type, and P-gp-overexpressing LLC-PK1 cells was investigated. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of rivaroxaban toward P-gp was determined. Rivaroxaban exhibited high permeability and polarized transport across Caco-2 cells. Rivaroxaban was shown to be a substrate for, but not an inhibitor of, P-gp. Of a set of potential P-gp inhibitors, ketoconazole and ritonavir, but not clarithromycin or erythromycin, inhibited P-gp-mediated transport of rivaroxaban, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values in the range of therapeutic plasma concentrations. These findings are in line with observed area under the plasma concentration-time curve increases in clinical drug-drug interaction studies indicating a possible involvement of P-gp in the distribution and excretion of rivaroxaban. In vivo studies in wild-type and P-gp double-knockout mice demonstrated that the impact of P-gp alone on the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban is minor. However, in P-gp double-knockout mice, a slight increase in brain concentrations and decreased excretion into the gastrointestinal tract were observed compared with wild-type mice. These studies also demonstrated that brain penetration of rivaroxaban is fairly low. In addition to P-gp, a further transport protein might be involved in the secretion of rivaroxaban.
A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo

Most theories in social and political psychology stress self-interest, intergroup conflict, ethnocentrism, homophily, ingroup bias, outgroup antipathy, dominance, and resistance. System justification theory is influenced by these perspectives—including social identity and social dominance theories—but it departs from them in several respects. Advocates of system justification theory argue that (a) there is a general ideological motive to justify the existing social order, (b) this motive is at least partially responsible for the internalization of inferiority among members of disadvantaged groups, (c) it is observed most readily at an implicit, nonconscious level of awareness and (d) paradoxically, it is sometimes strongest among those who are most harmed by the status quo. This article reviews and integrates 10 years of research on 20 hypotheses derived from a system justification perspective, focusing on the phenomenon of implicit outgroup favoritism among members of disadvantaged groups (including African Americans, the elderly, and gays/lesbians) and its relation to political ideology (especially liberalism-conservatism).
Heat Illness and Death Among Workers — United States, 2012–2013

Exposure to heat and hot environments puts workers at risk for heat stress, which can result in heat illnesses and death. This report describes findings from a review of 2012‒2013 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) federal enforcement cases (i.e., inspections) resulting in citations under paragraph 5(a)(1), the "general duty clause" of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. That clause requires that each employer "furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees". Because OSHA has not issued a heat standard, it must use 5(a)(1) citations in cases of heat illness or death to enforce employers' obligations to provide a safe and healthy workplace. During the 2-year period reviewed, 20 cases of heat illness or death were cited for federal enforcement under paragraph 5(a)(1) among 18 private employers and two federal agencies. In 13 cases, a worker died from heat exposure, and in seven cases, two or more employees experienced symptoms of heat illness. Most of the affected employees worked outdoors, and all performed heavy or moderate work, as defined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Nine of the deaths occurred in the first 3 days of working on the job, four of them occurring on the worker's first day. Heat illness prevention programs at these workplaces were found to be incomplete or absent, and no provision was made for the acclimatization of new workers. Acclimatization is the result of beneficial physiologic adaptations (e.g., increased sweating efficiency and stabilization of circulation) that occur after gradually increased exposure to heat or a hot environment. Whenever a potential exists for workers to be exposed to heat or hot environments, employers should implement heat illness prevention programs (including acclimatization requirements) at their workplaces.
Use of complementary and alternative medical therapies (CAM) by patients attending a regional comprehensive cancer care centre

Abstract Background: This study determined the prevalence, types, and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and therapies in cancer patients actively undergoing conventional cancer treatment at a regional cancer centre. Methods: Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire provided to adult cancer patients attending a comprehensive cancer care centre in regional Australia over a 3-month period. Results: A participation rate of 89% was recorded over the 3-month period with 285 of 320 cancer patients providing completed data. Mean age was 64 years and slightly more females responded (56%). CAM types used by patients were classified according to US National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) domains. Overall prevalence of CAM use was 49% (140/285). The NCCAM domains of biologically-based treatments (mainly herbal and vitamin/mineral supplements) and manipulative/body-based methods (chiropractic and massage) were the most popular. Most patients (61%) who used CAM prior to cancer diagnosis continued complementary practices afterwards, and 33% of participants became first-time CAM users only after diagnosis. CAM use appeared to be associated with high patient acceptance and satisfaction which was not related to either cancer diagnosis or prognosis. Patients who used CAM were mainly willing to disclose (77%) this practice to their conventional health care providers. Conclusions: CAM use is prevalent in regional Australia. Collaborative integration of some CAM practices into conventional cancer care pathways (a process known as integrative oncology) is likely to have substantial patient support.
The application of sewage sludge as an expanding agent in the production of lightweight expanded clay aggregate mass

Sewage sludge can be used as an expanding agent in the production of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) mass. The addition of sewage sludge increases the total porosity and decreases the bulk density of a sinter. The addition of sewage sludge to a raw material used in the production of LECA enabled a decrease in the burning temperature for the maintained operational parameters of a lightweight aggregate. The optimum content of sewage sludge added to a raw material used in LECA production was 5% to 15% of dry mass. The addition of sewage sludge in an amount of 5% and 10% caused an increase in closed porosity.
Automaticity of chronically accessible constructs in person x situation effects on person perception: it's just a matter of time.

Models of Person X Situation influences on social behavior and judgement have invoked two distinct mechanisms: a personality disposition and a situational press. In this study we conceptualized both influences in terms of a single underlying mechanism, construct accessibility. We pitted the characteristic ways that individuals perceive others against situational influences on accessibility (i.e., contextual priming) and tracked over time the relative power of these competing influences on the outcome of an impression-formation task. Subjects possessed either a chronically accessible (chronics) or an inaccessible (nonchronics) construct for either outgoing or inconsiderate behavior. As predicted, as the delay since the priming event lengthened (from 15 to 180 s), chronics were progressively more likely to use the chronically accessible construct instead of the primed alternative construct to categorize an ambiguous target behavior, whereas nonchronics' relative use of the primed and alternative constructs did not change as a function of postpriming delay.