Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skill forecasting from different wind power ensemble prediction methods

This paper presents an investigation on alternative approaches to the providing of uncertainty estimates associated to point predictions of wind generation. Focus is given to skill forecasts in the form of prediction risk indices, aiming at giving a comprehensive signal on the expected level of forecast uncertainty. Ensemble predictions of wind generation are used as input. A proposal for the definition of prediction risk indices is given. Such skill forecasts are based on the dispersion of ensemble members for a single prediction horizon, or over a set of successive look-ahead times. It is shown on the test case of a Danish offshore wind farm how prediction risk indices may be related to several levels of forecast uncertainty (and energy imbalances). Wind power ensemble predictions are derived from the transformation of ECMWF and NCEP ensembles of meteorological variables to power, as well as by a lagged average approach alternative. The ability of risk indices calculated from the various types of ensembles forecasts to resolve among situations with different levels of uncertainty is discussed.
Assessing the performance of AODV, DYMO, and OLSR routing protocols in the context of larger-scale denser MANETs

Assessing the performance of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing protocols has typically been done within the context of networks with < 100 nodes/km2 where 150m to 200m per-node communication ranges are used. In such networks 1 to 2 hop communications dominate. A basic question, therefore, is how do these protocols perform in denser networks where multi-hop communications are innately required? Through the simulation study of a larger-scale denser 360-node multi-hop network, this work shows that, contrary to prior smaller-scale lower density MANET studies, AODV and DYMO outperforms OLSR within multi-hop networks. To the authors' knowledge this deficiency within OLSR has not been previously reported. These issues are of interest as the wide-scale adoption of smartphones have provided a pragmatic deployment platform for such larger-scale denser MANETs, particularly within urban cores and for non-cellular based network services.
A constrained multipath traffic engineering scheme for MPLS networks

A traffic engineering problem consists of setting up paths between the edge nodes of the network to meet traffic demands while optimizing the network performance. It is known that total traffic throughput in a network, hence the resource utilization, can be maximized if the traffic demand is split over multiple paths. However, the problem formulation and practical algorithms, which calculate the paths and the traffic split ratio taking the route constraints or policies into consideration, have not been much touched. This paper proposes practical algorithms that find near optimal paths satisfying the given traffic demand under constraints such as maximum hop count, and preferred or not-preferred node/link list. The mixed integer programming formulation also calculates the traffic split ratio for the multiple paths. The problems are solved with the split ratio of continuous or discrete values. However, the split ratio solved with discrete values (0.1, 0.2 etc.) are more suitable for easy implementation at the network nodes. The proposed algorithms are applied to the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) that permits explicit path setup. The paths and split ratio are calculated off-line, and passed to MPLS edge routers for explicit label-switched path (LSP) setup. The proposed schemes are tested in a large-scale fictitious backbone network. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithms are fast and superior to the conventional shortest path algorithm in terms of maximum link utilization, total traffic volume, and number of required LSPs.
Increased HEV Seroprevalence in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis

Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection takes a clinically silent, self-limited course in the far majority of cases. Chronic hepatitis E has been reported in some cohorts of immunocompromised individuals. The role of HEV infections in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is unknown. Methods 969 individuals were tested for anti-HEV antibodies (MP-diagnostics) including 208 patients with AIH, 537 healthy controls, 114 patients with another autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 109 patients with chronic HCV- or HBV-infection (HBV/HCV). Patients with AIH, RA and HBV/HCV were tested for HEV RNA. HEV-specific proliferative T cell responses were investigated using CFSE staining and in vitro stimulation of PBMC with overlapping HEV peptides. Results HEV-antibodies tested more frequently positive in patients with AIH (n = 16; 7.7%) than in healthy controls (n = 11; 2.0%; p = 0.0002), patients with RA (n = 4; 3.5%; p = 0.13) or patients with HBV/HCV infection (n = 2; 2.8%; p = 0.03). HEV-specific T cell responses could be detected in all anti-HEV-positive AIH patients. One AIH patient receiving immunosuppression with cyclosporin and prednisolone and elevated ALT levels had acute hepatitis E but HEV viremia resolved after reducing immunosuppressive medication. None of the RA or HBV/HCV patients tested HEV RNA positive. Conclusions Patients with autoimmune hepatitis but not RA or HBV/HCV patients are more likely to test anti-HEV positive. HEV infection should been ruled out before the diagnosis of AIH is made. Testing for HEV RNA is also recommended in AIH patients not responding to immunosuppressive therapy.
[A study on the esthetic coloring of teeth by spectro-radiometry. Concerning the maxillary anterior teeth of the middle and old aged people].

When the colors of the maxillary anterior teeth of 23 middle and 20 old-aged people were measured by spectroradiometer, with the aim of harmonizing the colors of the natural teeth in the manufacture of objects of prosthesis and when the results were compared and examined with the measurements of the same using the young people, the following conclusion was obtained. 1. Concerning the difference in different age groups, steady difference with the increase in age was recognized as conspicuously large among the middle aged and the young people-i.e. L* became lower and Cab* became higher. 2. Concerning the difference in colors in different teeth, the tendency of both L* and Cab* was the same among the young people and the middle-aged, while the tendency of Hab•‹among the middle-aged was the same as that among the aged except among a part of the middle-aged. 3. Concerning the color difference in the parts of the same tooth, on the other hand, the tendency was the same among all age groups—i. •@ e. L* was the highest at the middle part, Cab* was the highest at the cervical and Hab•‹ was the lowest at the cervical.
Annotating dropped pronouns in Chinese newswire text

We propose an annotation framework to explicitly identify dropped subject pronouns in Chinese. We acknowledge and specify 10 concrete pronouns that exist as words in Chinese and 4 abstract pronouns that do not correspond to Chinese words, but that are recognized conceptually, to native Chinese speakers. These abstract pronouns are identified as """"unspecified"""", """"pleonastic"""", """"event"""", and """"existential"""" and are argued to exist cross-linguistically. We trained two annotators, fluent in Chinese, and adjudicated their annotations to form a gold standard. We achieved an inter-annotator agreement kappa of . 6 and an observed agreement of . 7. We found that annotators had the most difficulty with the abstract pronouns, such as """"unspecified"""" and """"event"""", but we posit that further specification and training has the potential to significantly improve these results. We believe that this annotated data will serve to help improve Machine Translation models that translate from Chinese to a non pro-drop language, like English, that requires all subject pronouns to be explicit.
Confluent Thalamic Hyperintensities in CADASIL

Background: CADASIL is responsible for diffuse hyperintensities in the white matter on FLAIR images. These lesions are often associated with focal lesions in the basal ganglia such as lacunar infarctions. The prevalence and significance of diffuse or confluent thalamic hyperintensities (CTH) remain unknown. Methods: The frequency of hyperintensities on FLAIR images in the thalamus was assessed in 147 CADASIL patients, and signal abnormalities on both FLAIR and T1-weighted images were categorized as focal/punctuate or diffuse/confluent by the same reader. The areas of increased diffusion were also analyzed on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. The association of CTH with vascular risk factors, the main clinical manifestations of the disease and MRI markers (brain parenchymal fraction, volume of white matter hyperintensities, volume of lacunar infarcts and number of microbleeds) was analyzed with generalized linear regression models. Results: CTH were detected in 12% of the CADASIL subjects in association with hypointensities on T1-weighted images. CTH corresponded to areas of increased diffusion on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. CTH were found significantly associated with age and independently related to the volume of white matter hyperintensities but not to that of lacunar infarctions or to cerebral atrophy after adjustment for age and sex. No significant association was found between CTH and global cognitive performances. Conclusion: CTH are observed on FLAIR images in a sizeable proportion of CADASIL patients. They are mainly related to the extent of white matter hyperintensities and do not correlate with cognitive decline. Demyelination and/or loss of glial cells appear to be the most plausible cause of these confluent signal changes in the thalamus.
Computing Arakelov class groups

Shanks’s infrastructure algorithm and Buchmann’s algorithm for computing class groups and unit groups of rings of integers of algebraic number fields are most naturally viewed as computations inside Arakelov class groups. In this paper we discuss the basic properties of Arakelov class groups and of the set of reduced Arakelov divisors. As an application we describe Buchmann’s algorithm in this context.
Higher Order Angular Galaxy Correlations in the SDSS: Redshift and Color Dependence of Nonlinear Bias

We present estimates of the N-point galaxy, area-averaged, angular correlation functions ω̄N(θ) for N = 2, … ,7 for galaxies from the fifth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our parent sample is selected from galaxies with 18 ≤ r < 21 and is the largest ever used to study higher order correlations. We subdivide this parent sample into two volume-limited samples using photometric redshifts, and these two samples are further subdivided by magnitude, redshift, and color (producing early- and late-type galaxy samples) to determine the dependence of ω̄N(θ) on luminosity, redshift, and galaxy type. We measure ω̄N(θ) using oversampling techniques and use them to calculate the projected sN. Using models derived from theoretical power spectra and perturbation theory, we measure the bias parameters b1 and c2, finding that the large differences in both bias parameters (b1 and c2) between early- and late-type galaxies are robust against changes in redshift, luminosity, and σ8, and that both terms are consistently smaller for late-type galaxies. By directly comparing their higher order correlation measurements, we find large differences in the clustering of late-type galaxies at redshifts lower than 0.3 and those at redshifts higher than 0.3, both at large scales (c2 is larger by ~0.5 at z > 0.3) and small scales (large amplitudes are measured at small scales only for z > 0.3, suggesting much more merger-driven star formation at z > 0.3). Finally, our measurements of c2 suggest both that σ8 < 0.8 and that c2 is negative.
Underreporting of Patient Safety Incidents Reduces Health Care's Ability to Quantify and Accurately Measure Harm Reduction

Underreporting of patient safety incidents creates a reservoir of information that is plagued with epidemiological bias. These include systematic biases such as the practice of reporting minor incidents at the expense of more serious ones. This leads to inaccurate rates of errors and an inability to generalize results to whole patient populations. It leaves reporting incidents, in epidemiological terms, comparable to nonrandom samples from an unknown universe of events. These epidemiological problems lead to a situation where priorities are skewed toward what "we know we know. " As "we know what we do not know," for example, gaps in knowledge about serious incidents due to low reporting rates, due caution must be applied in making policy based on biased underreporting. Barriers to reporting contribute to low participation rates and further bias information. Lack of feedback and fear of personal consequences are common barriers. Evaluation of reporting systems indicates reports can be used as tools for learning, but it is not yet possible to monitor improvement in patient safety or measurably prove reduction in harm. Mandatory reporting makes sense from an epidemiological point of view, but there are legitimate fears that it could further reduce reporting rates due to fear of reprisal. Underreporting and the associated biases are a significant problem in realizing the epidemiological potential of incident reporting in health care.
The effects of 10-week different exercise interventions on Framingham risk score and metabolic syndrome severity scores in overweight women with type 2 diabetes

Background and aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short sprint interval training (SIT) and combined aerobic + resistance training (A+R) on Framingham risk score (FRS) and metabolic syndrome severity scores (MetS score) in overweight women with T2D. Methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial,52 overweight females afflicted with T2D (aged 45-60 years, BMI>30 kg/m2, HbA1C ≥ 6.5%) were randomly assigned to either SIT (n = 17), combined training (n = 17), and control groups (n = 18). Interventions consisted of SIT or combined aerobic-strength training for 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using a paired t test to compare pretest and posttest results in each group. A one-way ANOVA was employed to compare the number of changes in the experimental and control training groups after 10 weeks. Results: The results indicated that there were significant differences between the groups in FRS (P = 0.001). However, no difference was found in Mets score (P = 0.160). In addition, significant differences were observed in FRS between SIT and combined training groups (P = 0.018) and also SIT and control groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The results highlighted that SIT as compared to the combined training could be an effective strategy to improve FRS and Mets score in women with T2D
VOLUNTARY ADOPTION OF ISO 14001 IN JAPAN: MECHANISMS, STAGES AND EFFECTS

This paper seeks to understand what factors contribute to voluntary adoption of the ISO 14001 environmental management system by private sector facilities in Japan. A model based on regulatory, competitiveness, social responsibility and organization theory is applied to 1999 survey data. Analysis shows systematically different factors to be important indicators of voluntarism in different industries and for facilities at different stages of certification. First adopters and second adopters appear to be fundamentally different types of organizations driven by different internal and external factors. Although results do not indicate a clear causal linkage between ISO adoption and greening activity, evidence shows that at least two different stages of adoption have taken place in Japan and that ISO adoption is associated with environmental action. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Comparison of a bigram PLSA and a novel context-based PLSA language model for speech recognition

We propose a novel context-based probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) language model for speech recognition. In this model, the topic is conditioned on the immediate history context and the document in the original PLSA model. This allows computing all the possible bigram probabilities of the seen history context using the model. It properly computes the topic probability of an unseen document for each history context present in the document. We compare our approach with a recently proposed unsmoothed bigram PLSA model where only the seen bigram probabilities are calculated, which causes computing the incorrect topic probability for the present history context of the unseen document. The proposed model requires a significantly less amount of computation time and memory space requirements than the unsmoothed bigram PLSA model. We carried out experiments on a continuous speech recognition (CSR) task using theWall Street Journal (WSJ) corpus. The proposed approach shows significant reduction in both perplexity and word error rate (WER) measurements over the other approach.
The links among action-control beliefs, intellective skill, and school performance in Japanese, US, and German school children

We compared the relationships among action-control beliefs, intellective skill, and actual school performance in samples of children from Tokyo (n = 817, grades 2-6), Los Angeles (n = 657), and West Berlin (n = 517). Although these samples have been utilised in other comparative studies we have conducted, the role and function of intellective skill, as measured by the Raven Progressive Matrices, has not before been examined. The results of our analyses predicting school performance from the action-control beliefs and the Raven scores were quite revealing. The amount of variance in actual school performance that was shared with (1) the children's action-control beliefs and (2) their Raven scores was very high in West Berlin (86%) and Tokyo (73%), but very low in Los Angeles (37%). These outcomes strengthen arguments that the comparatively high levels of personal agency, but low correlations with performance, are distinctive characteristics of US socioeducational contexts.
Questioning ‘integrated’ disaster risk reduction and ‘all of society’ engagement: can ‘preparedness pedagogy’ help?

Abstract AbstractThis paper contributes to the conceptual and empirical development of ‘preparedness pedagogy’. Preparedness involves learning, thus disaster risk reduction (DRR) should be discussed more in the field of education, particularly its sub-discipline of public pedagogy. Disaster risk reduction education should have an element of a pedagogy in the interest of publicness, which is an experimental pedagogy in which citizens act in togetherness to develop their own preparedness. The paper pays attention to the two phrases utilised in the recent DRR discourse – ‘integrated’ DRR and ‘participation by all’ – and examines the case of Japan, applying whole-system thinking. It is suggested that ‘the mesosystem’ of the DRR system yields relationships and learning, and thus enables collaboration, change and ‘participation by all’. Preparedness pedagogy has a role to play in this. The mesosystem functions as the confluence between state-led and community-based DRR to truly integrate the system.
Using Data Mining to Detect Health Care Fraud and Abuse: A Review of Literature

Inappropriate payments by insurance organizations or third party payers occur because of errors, abuse and fraud. The scale of this problem is large enough to make it a priority issue for health systems. Traditional methods of detecting health care fraud and abuse are time-consuming and inefficient. Combining automated methods and statistical knowledge lead to the emergence of a new interdisciplinary branch of science that is named Knowledge Discovery from Databases (KDD). Data mining is a core of the KDD process. Data mining can help third-party payers such as health insurance organizations to extract useful information from thousands of claims and identify a smaller subset of the claims or claimants for further assessment. We reviewed studies that performed data mining techniques for detecting health care fraud and abuse, using supervised and unsupervised data mining approaches. Most available studies have focused on algorithmic data mining without an emphasis on or application to fraud detection efforts in the context of health service provision or health insurance policy. More studies are needed to connect sound and evidence-based diagnosis and treatment approaches toward fraudulent or abusive behaviors. Ultimately, based on available studies, we recommend seven general steps to data mining of health care claims.
Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations

Building on recent studies, we attempt hemispheric temperature reconstructions with proxy data networks for the past millennium. We focus not just on the reconstructions, but the uncertainties therein, and important caveats. Though expanded uncertainties prevent decisive conclusions for the period prior to AD 1400, our results suggest that the latter 20th century is anomalous in the context of at least the past millennium. The 1990s was the warmest decade, and 1998 the warmest year, at moderately high levels of confidence. The 20th century warming counters a millennial‐scale cooling trend which is consistent with long‐term astronomical forcing.
Uncovering Disparities in Survival after Non–Small–Cell Lung Cancer among Asian/Pacific Islander Ethnic Populations in California

Asians may have better survival after non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than non-Asians. However, it is unknown whether survival varies among the heterogeneous U.S. Asian/Pacific Islander (API) populations. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify survival differences among APIs with NSCLC. Differences in overall and disease-specific survival were analyzed in the California Cancer Registry among 16,577 API patients diagnosed with incident NSCLC between 1988 and 2007. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with separate baseline hazards by disease stage. Despite better overall and disease-specificsurvival among APIs compared with non-HispanicWhites, differences were evident across API populations. Among women, Japanese (overall survival HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.27) and APIs other than those in the six largest ethnic groups (other APIs; HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.33) had significantly poorer overall and disease-specific survival than Chinese. By contrast, South Asian women had significantly better survival than Chinese (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.97). Among men, Japanese (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.24), Vietnamese (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00-1.16), and other APIs (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.28) had significantly poorer overall and disease-specific survival than Chinese. Other factors independently associated with poorer survival were lower neighborhood socioeconomic status, involvement with a nonuniversity hospital, unmarried status, older age, and earlier year of diagnosis. APIs have significant ethnic differences in NSCLC survival that may be related to disparate lifestyles, biology, and especially health care access or use. To reduce the nationwide burden of lung cancer mortality, it is critical to identify and ameliorate hidden survival disparities such as those among APIs. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2248–55)