Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal, kinematic, and kinetic variables related to gait speed in subjects with hemiplegia: a regression approach.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The gait speed that a patient selects is a well-known indicator of overall gait performance. The purpose of this study was to use multiple linear regression to assess the strength of association of temporal, kinematic, and kinetic gait variables with high walking speeds in patients with hemiplegia. SUBJECTS Thirty-two subjects (20 male, 12 female) with an average age of 61 years took part in a sagittal-plane gait study of both sides of the body. METHODS Data from cinematographic film and a force plate obtained during multiple walking trials were used in a seven-segment link-segment kinetic model of the walking subject to yield temporal, kinematic, and kinetic variables. RESULTS Variables correlating significantly with self-selected speed included the maximum hip extension angle and the maximum hip flexion moment on the affected side, and the maximum ankle and hip powers on both sides. A stepwise regression identified variables most useful in predicting stride speed. For the affected side, these variables were the hip flexion moment, the ankle moment range, the knee moment range, and the proportion of double support. Together these variables explained 94% of the variation in gait speed. On the unaffected side, the variables were the percentage of stance phase, the maximum ankle power (push-off), and the maximum hip power (pull-off). They explained 92% of the variation in gait speed. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION These results suggest that experimental studies are needed to assess the effects of treatment aimed at increasing ankle power and hip power and at decreasing the stance time on the affected side, and that these studies should be directed at obtaining a larger hip flexion moment and a larger ankle moment range on the unaffected side.
Extracting a closed-form I–V equation and noise analysis for CNFET in analog/RF applications

This paper aims to extract a closed-form current-voltage (I–V) equation for short channel carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) in saturation region based on the Stanford model and ballistic relation of one channel CNFET. In order to obtain the goal, firstly, the ballistic relation is simplified to a closed-form I–V equation, and then, it is verified by a linear system identification method based on least square (LS). In addition, an extended quantitative noise analysis is carried out in the circuit level and the results are confirmed in HSPICE based on the CNFET HSPICE model in which the noise sources implemented in Verilog-A are added to the model.
Review of topiramate: an antiepileptic for the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Despite the availability of currently approved medications and various psychosocial therapies, alcohol abuse and dependence are increasingly prevalent in the United States, and carry a significant socioeconomic burden. Recently, the novel anti-epileptic topiramate has shown great promise as a new treatment for this disorder. The objective of this review is to discuss the limitations of the currently available options for treating alcohol dependence, to review the results of clinical trials assessing the efficacy of topiramate in treating alcohol dependence, and to describe the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of action of topiramate as related to this indication. We systematically reviewed Medline, EMBASE, Cochran Reviews and PsycINFO search terms included combinations of the terms "pharmacotherapy" "topiramate", "alcoholism" and "alcohol dependence. " Searches were last updated 24 October 2008. Currently approved treatments include disulfiram, naltrexone tablets and injection, and acamprosate. Of these, naltrexone has shown the most benefit, however the effect size is small and may reach its most promising potential when combined with medical management. Alternatively, through multiple mechanisms of action, topiramate in clinical trials has demonstrated safety and efficacy in decreasing both craving and withdrawal symptoms and increasing quality of life measures among alcohol-dependent individuals. The findings of this review suggest that topiramate is a promising new option for the treatment of alcohol dependence, and may offer substantial benefits over currently approved medications. While the manufacturer will not pursue approval of an indication for the treatment of alcohol dependence, the drug will soon be available generically, making it more affordable for a greater proportion of the public.
LONG TERM RESULTS OF RADICAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY FOR CUSHING'S DISEASE

Sixteen consecutive cases of Cushing's disease were treated by radical transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Surgical removal was not possible in two cases. Of the other 14, there was total clinical and biochemical remission of the disease in 13 and partial remission in one. Some form of replacement therapy has been necessary in 11 out of the 14 cases. During a long period of postoperative clinical and biochemical assessment extending over 5–14 years (average 8 years) there have been no recurrences.
Transvaginal perfusion of G-CSF for infertile women with thin endometrium in frozen ET program: A non-randomized clinical trial

Background: We often see patients with a thin endometrium in ART cycles, in spite of standard and adjuvant treatments. Improving endometrial growth in patients with a thin endometrium is very difficult. Without adequate endometrial thickness these patients, likely, would not have reached embryo transfer. Objective: We planned this study to investigate the efficacy of intrauterine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) perfusion in improving endometrium, and possibly pregnancy rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Materials and Methods: This is a non-randomized intervention clinical trial. Among 68 infertile patients with thin endometrium (-7 mm) at the 12th-13th cycle day, 34 patients received G-CSF. G-CSF (300 microgram/1mL) to improve endometrial thickness was direct administered by slow intrauterine infusion using IUI catheter. If the endometrium had not reached at least a 7-mm within 48-72 h, a second infusion was given. Endometrial thickness was assessed by serial vaginal ultrasound at the most expanded area of the endometrial stripe. Results: The cycle was cancelled in the patients with thin endometrium (endometrial thickness below 7mm) until 19th cycle day ultimately The cycle cancelation rate owing to thin endometrium was similar in G-CSF group (15.20%), followed by (15.20%) in the control group (p=1.00). The endometrial growth was not different within 2 groups, an improvement was shown between controlled and G-CSF cotreated groups, with chemical (39.30% vs. 14.30%) and clinical pregnancy rates (32.10% vs. 12.00%) although were not significant. Conclusion: Our study fails to demonstrate that G-CSF has the potential to improve endometrial thickness but has the potential to improve chemical and clinical pregnancy rate of the infertile women with thin endometrium in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle.
Incidence Geometries and the Pass Complexity of Semi-Streaming Set Cover

Set cover, over a universe of size n, may be modelled as a data-streaming problem, where the m sets that comprise the instance are to be read one by one. A semi-streaming algorithm is allowed only O(npoly{log n, log m}) space to process this stream. For each p ≤ 1, we give a very simple deterministic algorithm that makes p passes over the input stream and returns an appropriately certified (p + 1)n1/(p + 1)-approximation to the optimum set cover. More importantly, we proceed to show that this approximation factor is essentially tight, by showing that a factor better than 0.99n1/(p+1)/(p + 1)2 is unachievable for a p-pass semi-streaming algorithm, even allowing randomisation. In particular, this implies that achieving a Θ(logn)-approximation requires Ω(log n/log log n) passes, which is tight up to the log logn factor. These results extend to a relaxation of the set cover problem where we are allowed to leave an e fraction of the universe uncovered: the tight bounds on the best approximation factor achievable in p passes turn out to be Θp(min{n1/(p+1), e--1/p}). Our lower bounds are based on a construction of a family of high-rank incidence geometries, which may be thought of as vast generalisations of affine planes. This construction, based on algebraic techniques, appears flexible enough to find other applications and is therefore interesting in its own right.
Core issues and theory in military sociology

The military has been a fertile source of data to address broad sociological theories and problems that cut across several areas of inquiry. Research on the military has contributed to attitude research, small groups, race relations, social change, the family, professions, and political economy. However, missing is a generally accepted core to military sociology, i.e., central issues and theory. This core must be identified and researched so that findings can be accumulated and the field can contribute fully to sociology. Candidate issue areas are: (a) the ethos of the military profession, (b) the military as an institution and organization, (c) civil-military relations, and (d) military relations with other governmental agencies and militaries. These issue areas require clarification and more articulated theories that are addressed by empirical research.
Querylog-based assessment of retrievability bias in a large newspaper corpus

Bias in the retrieval of documents can directly influence the information access of a digital library. In the worst case, systematic favoritism for a certain type of document can render other parts of the collection invisible to users. This potential bias can be evaluated by measuring the retrievability for all documents in a collection. Previous evaluations have been performed on TREC collections using simulated query sets. The question remains, however, how representative this approach is of more realistic settings. To address this question, we investigate the effectiveness of the retrievability measure using a large digitized newspaper corpus, featuring two characteristics that distinguishes our experiments from previous studies: (1) compared to TREC collections, our collection contains noise originating from OCR processing, historical spelling and use of language; and (2) instead of simulated queries, the collection comes with real user query logs including click data. First, we assess the retrievability bias imposed on the newspaper collection by different IR models. We assess the retrievability measure and confirm its ability to capture the retrievability bias in our setup. Second, we show how simulated queries differ from real user queries regarding term frequency and prevalence of named entities, and how this affects the retrievability results.
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin alone or as add-on to other oral antihyperglycemic drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A 52-week open-label study

Canagliflozin is a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to examine its efficacy and safety as monotherapy or in combination with commonly used oral antihyperglycemic drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Structural Change of Production and Consumption: A Micro to Macro Approach to Growth

The aim of the paper is to analyse the relationship between structural changes in the organisation and composition of production, changes in income distribution, and the evolution of consumption, as affecting patterns of economic growth. We provide an (agent–based) micro– foundation to the link between structural change and growth by accounting for (i) firm–level organisational and technological changes, (ii) their impact on the structure of earnings and income of workers– consumers, and (iii) the consequent changes in consumption patterns. The model articulates the links between innovation and production on the supply side, and the endogenous evolution of income distribution and consumption ‘needs’ on the demand side. We let these links interact to identify, via numerical simulations, different scenarios of changes in the composition of economies, and their aggregate growth, as emerging properties of evolutionary micro–dynamics of innovation, functional composition of employment, income distribution and consumption patterns.
Advanced Manufacturing and Mexico: A New International Division of Labor?

Much of the intense debate over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has focused on the number and kinds of jobs that Mexico could gain and the United States could lose as a result of more extensive economic integration (Faux and Lee 1992; Hufbauer and Schott 1993; Lustig, Bosworth, and Lawrence 1992; Weintraub 1993). This debate has raised the related issue of the nature of Mexico's industrial capability, a topic that predates NAFTA and will remain central regardless of the final outcome of the treaty. This article will explore that capability by focusing on a key question: Is Mexico a potential site for high-tech production or does its comparative advantage lie in labor-intensive low-tech operations?
G1 control gene status is frequently altered in resectable non‐small cell lung cancer

Progression through the mammalian cell cycle is controlled by a series of cyclins, cyclin‐dependent kinases (cdks) and cdk inhibitors. Cyclin D1, cdk4 and the tumour suppressors p16 and retinoblastoma protein (pRb) are thought to comprise a linked system governing cell passage through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Extending an earlier study on cyclin D1 expression, a series of resectable non‐small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) was examined for defects in other elements of this control system. Forty‐six of fifty‐one NSCLC specimens exhibited at least one alteration of these cell‐cycle regulators. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 33% and 47% of the tumours failed to express pRb and p16, respectively. Failure to detect pRb did not correlate with loss of heterozygosity at the RB1 locus. Eleven of 12 tumours showing positive (normal) pRb staining over‐expressed nuclear localised cyclin D1, including 8 with amplification of the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1). However, in a number of lesions (n = 5) where cyclin D1 was over‐expressed but localised to the cytoplasm, pRb expression was undetectable. Sequencing of exons 1 and 2 of the p16 gene (CDKN2) revealed 3/51 tumours with somatic mutations (in addition to 1 case with a germ‐line alteration). All of these lesions were positive for p16 protein. No clear homozygous deletions of CDKN2 were observed by multiplex PCR. As assessed by immunostaining using a p16 monoclonal antibody, there was an inverse correlation of pRb and p16 down‐regulation. Whilst patients with tumours over‐expressing cyclin D1 had a significantly lower incidence of local relapse, the group whose tumours failed to express pRb had a significantly greater risk of local relapse and tended to have shortened event‐free survival. Our data show that alteration of at least one cell cycle–regulator gene occurs in the majority of resectable NSCLCs. Int. J. Cancer 74:556–562, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hopping Down the Main Street: Eastern Grey Kangaroos at Home in an Urban Matrix

Simple Summary Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) occur throughout the seaside town of Anglesea in southern Victoria, Australia. We have tagged about half of these kangaroos in a longitudinal study of population dynamics and behavior. A golf course forms the nucleus of this population. Females live on and around the golf course, but males roam across the town in autumn and winter, living in bush reserves, empty blocks and back yards. Most females breed every year, but over half of their young disappear. Vehicles are the major cause of adult deaths, killing a much higher proportion of males than females. Abstract Most urban mammals are small. However, one of the largest marsupials, the Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus, occurs in some urban areas. In 2007, we embarked on a longitudinal study of this species in the seaside town of Anglesea in southern Victoria, Australia. We have captured and tagged 360 individuals to date, fitting each adult with a collar displaying its name. We have monitored survival, reproduction and movements by resighting, recapture and radio-tracking, augmented by citizen science reports of collared individuals. Kangaroos occurred throughout the town, but the golf course formed the nucleus of this urban population. The course supported a high density of kangaroos (2–5/ha), and approximately half of them were tagged. Total counts of kangaroos on the golf course were highest in summer, at the peak of the mating season, and lowest in winter, when many males but not females left the course. Almost all tagged adult females were sedentary, using only part of the golf course and adjacent native vegetation and residential blocks. In contrast, during the non-mating season (autumn and winter), many tagged adult males ranged widely across the town in a mix of native vegetation remnants, recreation reserves, vacant blocks, commercial properties and residential gardens. Annual fecundity of tagged females was generally high (≥70%), but survival of tagged juveniles was low (54%). We could not determine the cause of death of most juveniles. Vehicles were the major (47%) cause of mortality of tagged adults. Road-kills were concentrated (74%) in autumn and winter, and were heavily male biased: half of all tagged males died on roads compared with only 20% of tagged females. We predict that this novel and potent mortality factor will have profound, long-term impacts on the demography and behavior of the urban kangaroo population at Anglesea.
Exercise Testing in the Physiologic Assessment of Sarcoidosis

Discrepancies between subjective, radiologic, and physiologic assessments of sarcoidosis severity, although previously demonstrated, have not been evaluated in conjunction with invasive symptom-limited maximum exercise testing. Exercise testing may provide unique observations into the integrated response of the cardiopulmonary systems to physiologic stress. ' The present study, therefore, examined 39 patients with sarcoidosis who underwent multiple pulmonary physiologic studies including incremental exercise to determine maximum oxygen consumption (Vq).
The Best Within Us: Positive Psychology Perspectives on Eudaimonia

The Best Within Us assembles a panel of distinguished scholars whose work has been central to understanding positive aspects of psychological functioning. Together, the chapters explore the many ways in which the philosophic concept of eudaimonia is being employed in psychology. Eudaimonia is defined in this volume as:FlourishingRealisation of potentials reflecting the true selfHappiness that comes from the pursuit of virtue/excellenceAlthough philosophy continues to pit hedonism and eudaimonism against one another, theoretical and empirical work in psychology leads to the conclusion that eudaimonic functioning is the most reliable basis for life satisfaction. The source of happiness plays the greatest role in the outcomes obtained. Chapters in this volume also reveal that eudaimonic functioning not only yields quality of life benefits to the individual, it also benefits others in the person's life and extended community. Individuals whose behaviours reflect eudaimonic functioning have demonstrably closer, more caring, and more intimate personal relationships, and engage more extensively in a wide range of prosocial activities. This book is for personality and social psychologists with a teaching and research interest in positive psychology, well-being, happiness, self-acceptance and self-esteem, identity, meaning in life, self-determination and autonomy, and motivation. Psychologists examining the intersections of psychology with philosophy will find much of interest here. This book is also for philosophers, sociologists, and political scientists, and graduate students seeking research ideas pertaining to quality of life.
Multiobjective optimization for dynamic environments

This paper investigates the use of evolutionary multi-objective optimization methods (EMOs) for solving single-objective optimization problems in dynamic environments. A number of authors proposed the use of EMOs for maintaining diversity in a single objective optimization task, where they transform the single objective optimization problem into a multi-objective optimization problem by adding an artificial objective function. We extend this work by looking at the dynamic single objective task and examine a number of different possibilities for the artificial objective function. We adopt the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm version 2 (NSGA2). The results show that the resultant formulations are promising and competitive to other methods for handling dynamic environments.
Assay of ghrelin concentration in infant formulas and breast milk.

AIM To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This finding raises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.
Information Seeking and Use by Secondary Students: The Link between Good Practice and the Avoidance of Plagiarism.

The article reports phase 1 of a two-year study that focused on seeking and use of information by students at various stages of their secondary education. The project used a large qualitative sample selected from four Australian schools and was undertaken during 2006 as part of a wider project concerned with using information creatively and effectively to minimize plagiarism. The field work included observation of students undertaking an assignment, two interviews with students, and the analysis of the completed assignments. Topics covered and reported, in the context of the available literature, include: preferences for information sources, self-perception of information skills, help from other people, trust in and perceived reliability of sources, attitudes to information seeking, recording and use of information, and attribution of information sources. Criteria for good practice include the avoidance of plagiarism by students, general attitudes to information seeking and use, and awareness of the need for an evaluative, critical approach to information. The responses of the students who plagiarised most are examined towards the end of the article. The discussion and conclusion explore the issues in greater depth, provide recommendations for future improvements, and outline the remaining two phases of the project.