Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autonomic Blockade During Sinusoidal Baroreflex Activation Proves Sympathetic Modulation of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity

Background and Purpose— Pharmacological blockade showed sympathetic origin of 0.03 to 0.15 Hz blood pressure (BP) oscillations and parasympathetic origin of 0.15 to 0.5 Hz RR-interval (RRI) oscillations, but has not been used to determine origin of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) oscillations at these frequencies. This study evaluated by pharmacological blockade whether 0.1 Hz CBFV oscillations are related to sympathetic and 0.2 Hz CBFV oscillations to parasympathetic modulation. Methods— In 11 volunteers (24.6±2.3 years), we monitored RRIs, BP, and proximal middle cerebral artery CBFV, at rest, during 180 s sympathetic BP activation by 0.1 Hz sinusoidal neck suction (NS), and during 180 s parasympathetic RRI activation by 0.2 Hz NS. We repeated recordings after 25 mg carvedilol, and after 0.04 mg/kg atropine. Autoregressive analysis quantified RRI-, BP-, and CBFV-spectral powers at 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz. We compared parameters at rest, during 0.1 Hz, or 0.2 Hz NS, with and without carvedilol or atropine (analysis of variance, post hoc testing; significance, P<0.05). Results— Carvedilol significantly increased RRIs and lowered BP, CBFV, and 0.1 Hz RRI-, BP-, and CBFV-powers at baseline (P=0.041 for CBFV-powers), and during 0.1 Hz NS-induced sympathetic activation (P<0.05). At baseline and during 0.2 Hz NS-induced parasympathetic activation, atropine lowered RRIs and 0.2 Hz RRI-powers, but did not change BP, CBFV, and 0.2 Hz BP- and CBFV-powers. Conclusions— Attenuation of both 0.1 Hz CBFV and BP oscillations after carvedilol indicates a direct relation between 0.1 Hz CBFV oscillations and sympathetic modulation. Absent effects of atropine on BP, CBFV, and 0.2 Hz BP and CBFV oscillations suggest that there is no direct parasympathetic influence on 0.2 Hz BP and CBFV modulation.
Converging Neuronal Activity in Inferior Temporal Cortex during the Classification of Morphed Stimuli

How does the brain dynamically convert incoming sensory data into a representation useful for classification? Neurons in inferior temporal (IT) cortex are selective for complex visual stimuli, but their response dynamics during perceptual classification is not well understood. We studied IT dynamics in monkeys performing a classification task. The monkeys were shown visual stimuli that were morphed (interpolated) between pairs of familiar images. Their ability to classify the morphed images depended systematically on the degree of morph. IT neurons were selected that responded more strongly to one of the 2 familiar images (the effective image). The responses tended to peak ∼120 ms following stimulus onset with an amplitude that depended almost linearly on the degree of morph. The responses then declined, but remained above baseline for several hundred ms. This sustained component remained linearly dependent on morph level for stimuli more similar to the ineffective image but progressively converged to a single response profile, independent of morph level, for stimuli more similar to the effective image. Thus, these neurons represented the dynamic conversion of graded sensory information into a task-relevant classification. Computational models suggest that these dynamics could be produced by attractor states and firing rate adaptation within the population of IT neurons.
The Efficacy of Technology Use by People with Intellectual Disability: A Single-Subject Design Meta-Analysis

It is generally assumed that when technology is designed with the principles of universal design in mind, people with intellectual disability will also benefit. However, there is no research concerning the degree to which technology use is impacted by the presence or absence of universal design features. To address this and to examine the degree to which people with intellectual disability benefit from technology, we conducted a meta-analysis of single subject design studies that implemented technology with a person with intellectual disability. We found that most of the technology use evaluations with people with intellectual disability have been with a relatively limited number of technology types and do not include universal design features. The need for research on the impact of specific types of universal design features is discussed.
Using Preference Estimates to Customize Incentives: An Application to Polio Vaccination Drives in Pakistan

We use estimates of time preferences to customize incentives for polio vaccinators in Lahore, Pakistan. We measure time preferences using intertemporal allocations of effort, and use these estimates to construct individually-tailored incentives. We evaluate the effect of matching contract terms to discounting parameters in a subsequent experiment with the same vaccinators. Our tailored policy is compared to alternatives that either rely on atheoretic reduced-form relationships for policy guidance or apply the same policy to all individuals. We find that contracts tailored to individual discounting outperform this range of policy alternatives.
The role of ontogeny in physiological tolerance: decreasing hydrostatic pressure tolerance with development in the northern stone crab Lithodes maja

Extant deep-sea invertebrate fauna represent both ancient and recent invasions from shallow-water habitats. Hydrostatic pressure may present a significant physiological challenge to organisms seeking to colonize deeper waters or migrate ontogenetically. Pressure may be a key factor contributing to bottlenecks in the radiation of taxa and potentially drive speciation. Here, we assess shifts in the tolerance of hydrostatic pressure through early ontogeny of the northern stone crab Lithodes maja, which occupies a depth range of 4–790 m in the North Atlantic. The zoea I, megalopa and crab I stages were exposed to hydrostatic pressures up to 30.0 MPa (equivalent of 3000 m depth), and the relative fold change of genes putatively coding for the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-regulated protein 1 (narg gene), two heat-shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) isoforms and mitochondrial Citrate Synthase (CS gene) were measured. This study finds a significant increase in the relative expression of the CS and hsp70a genes with increased hydrostatic pressure in the zoea I stage, and an increase in the relative expression of all genes with increased hydrostatic pressure in the megalopa and crab I stages. Transcriptional responses are corroborated by patterns in respiratory rates in response to hydrostatic pressure in all stages. These results suggest a decrease in the acute high-pressure tolerance limit as ontogeny advances, as reflected by a shift in the hydrostatic pressure at which significant differences are observed.
A comparison of users' perceptions of and willingness to use Google, Facebook, and Google+ single-sign-on functionality

Identity providers such as Google and Facebook are increasingly used to sign in to third-party services like Flickr and USA Today. For users, this can increase convenience (e.g., fewer passwords to remember) and security (e.g., service providers need not keep passwords). At the same time, relying on identity providers that have rich information about users (e.g., all information in a Facebook profile) creates the risk that users will lose oversight or control over the access that service providers are given to this information. To address such concerns, identity providers show users consent interfaces at sign on and provide audit tools for post hoc review. In this paper we report on a 424-participant on-line study through which we seek to understand the effectiveness of these interfaces: We induced participants to log in with one of three identity providers, and measured their awareness of the information that was being sent by identity providers to service providers, their awareness of identity providers' audit tools, and their sentiment about various aspects of single sign-on. Participants logged in under one of two treatments: a basic treatment, which requested a minimum of personal data; and an invasive treatment, which requested data that most people would find invasive to their privacy. We found that participants' understanding of the information identity providers shared with service providers was based on preconception rather than the content of informational dialogs displayed by the identity providers; and that they were almost uniformly unaware of audit tools offered by identity providers. At the same time, many participants exhibited strong preferences and concerns about data sharing, several of which did not match current data-sharing practices.
Adrenergic Component of Renin Release Induced by Vasodilating Antihypertensive Drugs in the Rat

The capacity of the vasodilating drugs, minoxidil and hydralazine, for inducing renin release was characterized in rats according to chronology and dose response. Propranolol inhibition of this renin release was also characterized and related to serum levels of propranolol. Minoxidil and hydralazine (1.0 mg/kg) induced sevenfold elevations of serum renin activity. Treatment with propranolol, resulting in plasma propranolol concentrations as low as 50 ng/ml, impaired vasodilatory drug-induced renin release. The propranolol inhibition suggests a beta-adrenergic component to this type of renin release and the potential for a clinically efficacious drug interaction.
The Role of the Humanities in the Corporate University

There are two kinds of histories of the university as an institution that may help us understand the dilemmas now confronting universities in Latin and Anglo-America. Since the European Renaissance and European colonial expansion in the sixteenth century— that is, the foundational moment of the modern/colonial world—the accumulation of money has gone hand in hand with the accumulation of meaning and of knowledge. Today “historical-structural dependency” still structures the world, both economically and epistemically. If the Latin American university, as an institution, is in crisis (as is the political and economic system, from Argentina to Colombia, from Venezuela to Peru, and from Brazil to Mexico), it is obvious that the accumulation of money cannot be detached from the institutional accumulation of meaning and knowledge at the university. Economists like Joseph Stiglitz and financial giants like George Soros have been denouncing the crisis of capitalism since the early 1990s. Shortly before then, Portuguese sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos (1987) published a booklet about the crisis of science. Is it a coincidence that capitalism and scientific practices have a parallel biography, and that they both have arrived at a critical stage, together? What are the possible futures that can be imagined from our daily practice at the university? And how can we reimagine the connections between knowledge, the state, civil and political society, and an economy that is coming apart under the guidance of market fundamentalism? In addition to exploring these questions, this essay will detail how one institution, the Universidad Intercultural in Ecuador, has responded to them in a way that demonstrates
Dynamic TXOP HCCA reclaiming scheduler with transmission time estimation for IEEE 802.11e real-time networks

IEEE 802.11e HCCA reference scheduler guarantees Quality of Service only for Constant Bit Rate traffic streams, whereas its assignment of scheduling parameters (transmission time TXOP and polling period) is too rigid to serve Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic. This paper presents a new scheduling algorithm, Dynamic TXOP HCCA (DTH). Its scheduling scheme, integrated with the centralized scheduler, uses both a statistical estimation of needed transmission duration and a bandwidth reclaiming mechanism with the aim of improving the resource management and providing an instantaneous dynamic Transmission Opportunity (TXOP), tailored to multimedia applications with variable bit rate. Performance evaluation through simulation, confirmed by the scheduling analysis, shows that DTH is suitable to reduce the transmission queues length. This positively impacts on the delay and on packets drop rate experienced by VBR traffic streams.
Characterization of the chicken L‐Maf, MafB and c‐Maf in crystallin gene regulation and lens differentiation

Background: Members of the Maf family, including L‐Maf, MafB and c‐Maf, are ‘basic region/leucine zipper’ (bZIP) transcription factors. Maf proteins contain a highly conserved acidic transactivation domain (AD), and a bZIP region that mediates DNA‐binding activity. The hinge region between AD and bZIP varies considerably in length between different proteins. Recent studies reveal that L‐Maf, c‐Maf and MafB play key roles in vertebrate lens development.
Enhancing the quality of learning : dispositions, instruction, and learning processes

1. An introduction to the quality of learning Michael J. Lawson and John R. Kirby 2. The quality of learning at university: integrative understanding and distinctive ways of thinking Noel Entwistle 3. Dispositions and the quality of learning Augusto Riveros, Stephen P. Norris, Denyse V. Hayward and Linda M. Phillips 4. Education for rational thought Maggie M. Toplak, Richard F. West and Keith E. Stanovitch 5. Individual differences that affect the quality of learning in doctoral candidates Robert H. Cantwell, Jill J. Scevak, Syd Bourke and Allyson Holbrook 6. Enhancing learning through constructive alignment John Biggs 7. Framing the features of good quality knowledge for teachers and students Michael J. Lawson and Helen Askell-Williams 8. Theory building and the pursuit of understanding in history, social studies, and literature Carl Bereiter and Marlene Scardamalia 9. Fostering self-regulated learning by journal writing - how should instructional support be designed to promote high quality learning? Matthias Nuckles, Sandra Huber and Alexander Renkl 10. Promoting learning skills in undergraduate students Allyson Fiona Hadwin and Philip H. Winne 11. Using technology to foster meaningful learning environments Neil H. Schwartz and Richard Schmid 12. Deeper learning in reading comprehension John R. Kirby, Kate Cain and Bozena White 13. Quality learning from texts we read: what does it take? Panayiota Kendeou and Gregory Trevors 14. Studying multiple documents: cognitive process and instructional implications Anne Britt and Jean-Francois Rouett 15. Knowledge acquisition from verbal and pictorial information Wolfgang Schnotz, Christiane Baadte, Amy Johnson and Christoph Mengelkam 16. Future directions John R. Kirby and Michael J. Lawson.
Medvedev and Muchnik Degrees of Nonempty Π 01 Subsets of 2 ω

This is a report for my presentation at the upcoming meeting on Berechenbarkeitstheorie (“Computability Theory”), Oberwolfach, January 21–27, 2001. We use 2 to denote the space of infinite sequences of 0’s and 1’s. For X, Y ∈ 2, X ≤T Y means that X is Turing reducible to Y . For P,Q ⊆ 2 we say that P is Muchnik reducible to Q, abbreviated P ≤w Q, if for all Y ∈ Q there exists X ∈ P such that X ≤T Y . We say that P is Medvedev reducible to Q, abbreviated P ≤M Q, if there exists a recursive functional Φ : Q→ P . Note that P ≤M Q implies P ≤w Q, but not conversely. Sorbi [13] gives a useful survey of Medvedev and Muchnik degrees of arbitrary subsets of 2. Here we initiate a study of Medvedev and Muchnik degrees of nonempty Π1 subsets of 2 . Theorems 1 and 2 below have been proved in collaboration with my Ph. D. student Stephen Binns. Let P be the set of nonempty Π1 subsets of 2. Let PM (respectively Pw) be the set of Medvedev (respectively Muchnik) degrees of members of P, ordered by Medvedev (respectively Muchnik) reducibility. We say that P ∈ P is Medvedev complete (respectively Muchnik complete) if P ≥M Q (respectively P ≥w Q) for all Q ∈ P. For example, the set of complete extensions of Peano Arithmetic is Medvedev complete. Clearly every Medvedev
Nitric oxide inhibition in cirrhosis and ascites

without incident. Because PTPs have sharp points, they usually remain in the esophagus or stomach. However, on rare occasions when the package passes through to the small intestine, the sharp corner of the plastic and aluminum foil of the blister wrapping can cut through all layers of the intestinal wall. Therefore, if possible, the blister-wrapped tablet should be removed endoscopically from the upper GI tract before it can pass through to the small intestine. Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies is not an uncommon occurrence. However, it is frequently seen in older patients and among those patients who are blind or mentally impaired. Having aged persons cut up sheets of blister-wrapped tablets by themselves to take medicine is a real hazard because of the possibility that they will not take the medication out of the package, and this practice should be avoided. Aged individuals should not be given blister-wrapped tablets, but instead should be given their tablets after they have been unwrapped by the nurse or family. It is thought that some change in the design of the medicine packaging (e.g., a change in shape, size, and radiotransparency) would help to prevent accidental ingestion. Sasahara et al. reported that blister-wrapped tablets were sometimes detected by CT examination (5). Therefore abdominal CT should be done routinely when a patient with acute abdomen is admitted to the hospital. We suggest proposing to manufacturers the design of a one-dose package and a unit-dose package. In addition, it is essential to explain adequately to patients how to take their medications. Improved design to avoid accidental ingestion and better training of patients in of use blisterwrapped tablets should decrease the incidence of this problem.
Non-Invasive In Vivo Study of the Trypanosoma vivax Infectious Process Consolidates the Brain Commitment in Late Infections

Trypanosoma vivax, one of the leading parasites responsible for Animal African Trypanosomosis (Nagana), is generally cyclically transmitted by Glossina spp. but in areas devoid of the tsetse flies in Africa or in Latin American countries is mechanically transmitted across vertebrate hosts by other haematophagous insects, including tabanids. We followed on from our recent studies on the maintenance of this parasite in vivo and in vitro, and its genetic manipulation, by constructing a West African IL1392 T. vivax strain that stably expresses firefly luciferase and is fully virulent for immunocompetent mice. We report here on a study where murine infection with this strain was monitored in vivo using a non-invasive method. Study findings fully support the use of this strain in the assessment of parasite dynamics in vivo since a strong correlation was found between whole body light emission measured over the course of the infection and parasitemia determined microscopically. In addition, parasitemia and survival rates were very similar for mice infected by the intraperitoneal and sub-cutaneous routes, except for a longer prepatent period following sub-cutaneous inoculation with the parasite. Our results clearly show that when administered by the subcutaneous route, the parasite is retained few days in the skin close to the inoculation site where it multiplies before passing into the bloodstream. Ex vivo bioluminescence analyses of organs isolated from infected mice corroborated our previous histopathological observations with parasite infiltration into spleen, liver and lungs. Finally, our study reinforces previous observations on the presence of the parasite in the central nervous system and consequently the brain commitment in the very late phases of the experimental infection.
Using Collaborative Strategic Reading

C SR (Collaborative Strategic Reading] is an excellent technique for teaching students reading comprehension and building vocabulary and also working together cooperatively. I think it is wonderful. We have been using it with the social studies text and it's turned out beautifully (Lucille Sullivan, fifthgrade teacher). CSR is great for kids with learning disabilities because they contribute to their groups and feel successful, and they get the help they need with their reading (Sallie Gotch, Special Education Inclusion Teacher).
Human Endometrial Stromal Stem Cells Differentiate into Megakaryocytes with the Ability to Produce Functional Platelets

Human endometrium is a high dynamic tissue that contains endometrial stromal stem cells (hESSCs). The hESSCs have been differentiated into a number of cell lineages. However, differentiation of hESSCs into megakaryocytes (MKs) has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of MK generation from hESSCs and subsequent production of functional platelets (PLTs). In our study, hESSCs were cultured from endometrial stromal cells as confirmed by positive stromal cell specific markers (CD90 and CD29) and negative hematopoietic stem cell markers (CD45 and CD34) expression. Then, hESSCs were differentiated in a medium supplemented with thrombopoietin (TPO) for 18 days. The MK differentiation was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The differentiation medium was collected for PLT production analysis by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and functional measurements. Our results show: 1) MKs were successfully generated from hESSCs as identified by expression of specific markers (CD41a: 1±0.09% and 39±3.0%; CD42b: 1.2±0.06% and 28±2.0%, control vs. differentiation) accompanied with reduction of pluripotent transcription factors (Oct4 and Sox2) expression; 2) The level of PLTs in the differentiation medium was 16±1 number/µl as determined by size (2–4 µm) and CD41a expression (CD41a: 1±0.4% and 90±2.0%, control vs. differentiation); 3) Generated PLTs were functional as evidenced by the up-regulation of CD62p expression and fibrinogen binding following thrombin stimulation; 4) Released PLTs showed similar ultra-structure characteristics (alpha granules, vacuoles and dense tubular system) as PLTs from peripheral blood determined by electron microscopic analysis. Data demonstrate the feasibility of generating MKs from hESSCs, and that the generated MKs release functional PLTs. Therefore, hESSCs could be a potential new stem cell source for in vitro MK/PLT production.
Comparison of Demagnetization Models for Finite-Element Analysis of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines

We have studied a few simple demagnetization models, which are quick and easy to implement in finite-element calculations, and compared them with measured recoil behavior of Nd-Fe-B magnet material, also using a hysteresis model for comparison. The models are used to estimate post-demagnetization performance of an overloaded surface magnet synchronous machine. Two of the simple models, the sloped linear model and the exponent function model, give the most accurate results without significantly increasing the computation time.
Interictal high frequency oscillations correlating with seizure outcome in patients with widespread epileptic networks in tuberous sclerosis complex

Multiple tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) often are responsible for drug‐resistant epilepsy. The complexity of the epileptic network formed by multiple tubers complicates localization of the epileptogenic zone that is needed to design a surgical treatment strategy. High frequency oscillations (HFOs) on intracranial video‐electroencephalography (IVEEG) may be a valuable surrogate marker for the localization of the epileptogenic zone. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that high occurrence rate (OR) of interictal HFOs can guide the localization of the epileptogenic zone.