Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in inflammatory bowel diseases.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody is a marker for ulcerative colitis, and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody is known to be associated with Crohn's disease. The purpose of this study was to search the value of detecting perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody for the diagnosis of Turkish inflammatory bowel disease patients. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 80 patients with ulcerative colitis, 61 patients with Crohn's disease and 40 healthy controls. Determination of both anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody was performed with the standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In cases with ulcerative colitis, 65% tested seropositive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody, whereas the controls showed 2.5% positivity. In cases with Crohn's disease, 63.9% tested seropositive for anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody, whereas the controls showed 2.5% seropositivity. The combination of a positive anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody test and a negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 32.0% and 97.5%, respectively. The combination of a positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody and a negative anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody test yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 44.2% and 97.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both serologic tests may aid in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.
Measurement and Analysis of Child Pornography Trafficking on Gnutella and eMule

Peer-to-peer networks are the most popular mechanism for the criminal acquisition and distribution of child pornography (CP). In this paper, we examine observations of peers sharing known CP on the Gnutella and eMule networks, which were collected by law enforcement using forensic tools that we developed. We characterize a year’s worth of network activity and evaluate different strategies for prioritizing investigators’ limited resources. First, we focus on strategies for reducing the number of CP files available on the network by removing a minimal number of peers. We present a metric for peer removal that is more effective than simply selecting peers with the largest libraries or the most days online. We show that any successful strategy must target offenders from all countries. Second, we characterize the aggressiveness of six peer subgroups, including: peers using Tor, peers that bridge multiple p2p networks, and the top 10% of peers contributing to file availability. We find that these subgroups are more aggressive in their trafficking, having more known CP and more uptime, than the average peer. Finally, while in theory Tor presents a challenge to investigators, we observe that in practice offenders use Tor inconsistently. Over 90% of regular Tor users send traffic from a non-Tor IP at least once after first using Tor.
Incidence and prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in severely injured accident victims.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in severely injured accident victims and to predict the presence of PTSD symptoms at a 12-month follow-up. METHOD A longitudinal, 1-year follow-up study was carried out with 106 consecutive patients with severe accidental injuries who were admitted to the trauma surgeons' intensive care unit at a university hospital. Patients were interviewed within 1 month and 12 months after the accident. Assessments included an extensive clinical interview, the Impact of Event Scale, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, the Sense of Coherence questionnaire, and the Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping With Illness. RESULTS A total of 13.4 days (SD=6.6) after the accident, five patients (4.7%) met all criteria for PTSD with the exception of the time criterion. A total of 22 other patients (20.8%) had subsyndromal PTSD. At the 1-year follow-up, two patients (1.9%) had PTSD, and 13 (12.3%) had subsyndromal PTSD. Multiple regression analysis explained 34% of the variance of PTSD symptoms 12 months after the accident. Biographical risk factors, the sense of a death threat, symptoms of intrusion, and problem-oriented coping each contributed significantly to the predictive model. CONCLUSIONS In severely injured accident victims who were healthy before experiencing trauma, the incidence of PTSD was low. One-third of the variance of PTSD symptoms at 1-year follow-up could be predicted by mainly psychosocial variables.
Joined‐Up Government and the Challenges to Accounting and Accountability Researchers

Abstract: Collaborative working between public sector bodies in the UK, sometimes involving partnerships with private sector and not‐for‐profit organisations, was promoted heavily by the Labour Government (1997–2010) under what is sometimes labelled ‘Joined‐Up Government’. The Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Government, elected in 2010, appears likely to continue to promote such policies. The objective of this paper is to raise awareness of what may be seen as an important and developing agenda in public services in which accounting and accountability researchers are barely visible. The paper reviews the meanings and motivations of joined‐up government and its development in the UK. A number of challenges are presented, including the need to refocus research from an entity to a network perspective; to assess whether joined‐up government delivers value‐for‐money services; to join the debate on the development of related accounting techniques; to seek precision in specifying accountability mechanisms and to adapt our research methods.
Some Notes on the Epistemology of Empathy

The nature of the knowledge base in empathy is explored. The presumption is that empathic responses are active in both analyst and analysand. The variety of meanings of empathic experience is reviewed and aspects of its implementation discussed. Reservations regarding the accuracy, certainty, and limitations of empathy are considered. The subsequent analysis focuses on empathic affective attunement. The role of underlying mechanisms, both neurophysiological-nonconscious and psychological-unconscious, are explored. An attempt is made to integrate contributory functions of these processes in a provisional model of empathic attunement and its differentiation from countertransference responses in the analyst.
Application of Streptococcus uberis Multilocus Sequence Typing: Analysis of the Population Structure Detected among Environmental and Bovine Isolates from New Zealand and the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT We recently developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to differentiate S. uberis isolates and facilitate an understanding of the population biology of this pathogen. The scheme was initially used to study a collection of 160 bovine milk isolates from the United Kingdom and showed that the majority of isolates were from one clonal complex (designated the ST-5 complex). Here we describe the MLST analysis of a collection of New Zealand isolates. These were obtained from diverse sources, including bovine milk, other bovine anatomical sites, and environmental sources. The complete allelic profiles of 253 isolates were determined. The collection was highly diverse and included 131 different sequence types (STs). The New Zealand and United Kingdom populations were distinct, since none of the 131 STs were represented within the previously studied collection of 160 United Kingdom S. uberis isolates. However, seven of the STs were members of the ST-5 clonal complex, the major complex within the United Kingdom collection. Two new clonal complexes were identified: ST-143 and ST-86. All three major complexes were isolated from milk, other bovine sites, and the environment. Carriage of the hasA gene, which is necessary for capsule formation, correlated with clonal complex and isolation from clinical cases of mastitis.
The Bright Side of Supplier Encroachment

The common wisdom is that a retailer suffers when its wholesale supplier encroaches on the retailer's operations by selling directly to final consumers. We demonstrate that the retailer can benefit from encroachment even when encroachment admits no synergies and does not facilitate product differentiation or price discrimination. The retailer benefits because encroachment induces the encroaching supplier to reduce the wholesale price in order not to diminish unduly the retailer's demand for the manufacturer's wholesale product. The lower wholesale price and increased downstream competition mitigate double marginalization problems and promote efficiency gains that can secure Pareto improvements.
Ifosfamide and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced cervical carcinoma.

A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of cisplatin (CDDP) and ifosfamide (IFX) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced cervical carcinoma (ACC). Between August 1991 and September 1993, 57 untreated patients with stages IIB to IVA were entered into this study. Median age was 44 years (range, 25 to 74 years). The distribution by stages (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) was as follows: IIB, 31 patients; IIIB, 21 patients; and IVA, 5 patients. Therapy consisted of IFX 2000 mg/m(2) 1-h i.v. infusion days 1 to 3; mesna 400 mg/m(2) i.v. bolus at hours 0 and 4, and 800 mg p.o. at hour 8; and CDDP 100 mg/m(2) on day 3. Cycles were repeated every 28 days for a total of three courses. Both staging and response assessment were performed by a multidisciplinary team. An objective response was observed in 30 of 56 patients (54%; 95% confidence interval, 41 to 67%). Four patients (7%) had a complete response (CR) and 26(46%) had a partial response (PR). Patients with CR or operable PR underwent surgery, otherwise received definitive radiotherapy. Toxicity was mild to moderate. There were no toxicity related deaths. These results indicate that IFX/CDDP is an active combination for ACC with mild toxicity. The results of phase III studies that evaluate the real impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy are awaited.
Financial sector reforms and private investment in Malawi: an ARDL-bounds testing approach

This study attempts to examine the impact of financial sector reforms (proxied by interest rate liberalisation) on private investment in Malawi, using the ARDL bounds testing approach. The study is motivated by the conflicting results that have been reported in the literature in recent years on the efficacy of interest rate liberalisation in developing countries. The study seeks to answer one critical question: does interest rate liberalisation spur private investment in Malawi? The empirical results of this study reveal that interest rates have a positive and significant impact on private investment in the short-run, but not in the long-run. The study, therefore, recommends that interest rate reforms should be intensified in Malawi in the short-run. However, in the long-run, the monetary authorities should keep an eye on the interest rates, in order to ensure that they remain within the acceptable threshold.
Hα VARIABILITY IN PTFO 8-8695 AND THE POSSIBLE DIRECT DETECTION OF EMISSION FROM A 2 MILLION YEAR OLD EVAPORATING HOT JUPITER

We use high time cadence, high spectral resolution optical observations to detect excess Hα emission from the 2–3 Myr old weak-lined T Tauri star PTFO 8-8695. This excess emission appears to move in velocity as expected if it were produced by the suspected planetary companion to this young star. The excess emission is not always present, but when it is, the predicted velocity motion is often observed. We have considered the possibility that the observed excess emission is produced by stellar activity (flares), accretion from a disk, or a planetary companion; we find the planetary companion to be the most likely explanation. If this is the case, the strength of the Hα line indicates that the emission comes from an extended volume around the planet, likely fed by mass loss from the planet which is expected to be overflowing its Roche lobe.
Freeze‐Drying of Mannitol–Trehalose–Sodium Chloride‐Based Formulations: The Impact of Annealing on Dry Layer Resistance to Mass Transfer and Cake Structure

The objective of this article was to study the mechanism by which annealing increases the primary drying time in mannitol–trehalose–sodium chloride‐based formulations. The thermal events occurring during annealing and the glass transition of the frozen solutions were monitored with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Manometric temperature measurement was used to evaluate the dry layer resistances during primary drying. The morphologies of the freeze‐dried cakes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degrees of crystallinity of mannitol and sodium chloride (NaCl) in freeze‐dried cakes were determined by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). DSC results indicated that annealing during freezing did not increase the glass transition temperature (Tg′) significantly, but there was a distinct decrease of ΔCp at Tg′ with annealing, suggesting a decrease in amorphous content. SEM revealed that most mannitol crystallized as the delta‐form during annealing at − 23° C, and further crystallized as the alpha‐form, together with NaCl crystallization, during subsequent annealing at − 33° C. The powder XRD results demonstrated that annealing caused crystal growth of mannitol and NaCl, and thus prevented the partial collapse observed without annealing. However, the highly crystallized mannitol blocked the pathways for water vapor escape, contributing to the increase in the dry layer resistance and thus the longer times for primary drying. Freeze‐dried cakes without annealing had lower dry layer resistances because partial collapse created larger channels for water vapor escape. Therefore, two‐step annealing in freezing makes mannitol–trehalose–sodium chloride‐based formulations robust in freeze‐drying, but annealing increases the dry layer resistances, thereby extending primary drying.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and common variable hypogammaglobulinemia in a patient with asthma.

Severe alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency with phenotype PiZZ was found in association with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and hyperreactive airways disease in a 34-year-old patient. Immunologic studies demonstrated normal cellular immunity but impaired responses to influenza and pneumococcal antigens. Investigations of the mechanism of hypogammaglobulinemia revealed no intrinsic B cell defect, synthesis abnormality, or impairment of secretion of immunoglobulins. A serum suppressive factor was present and probably accounted for the hypogammaglobulinemia.
Acute pain service: the journey in a developing country setting

In India, acute pain service (APS) is in nascent stage because of lesser importance given to pain management. After establishing an APS in our hospital, we conducted a prospective audit (2008–2011) with an aim to regularly assess the efficacy of techniques on pain scores, muscle power, and adverse effects.
Response to ‘The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence’

‘The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence,’ by David Roodman and Jonathan Morduch (2009; henceforth RM) is the most recent of a sequence of papers and web postings that seeks to refute the findings of Pitt and Khandker (1998; henceforth PK) that microcredit for women had significant, favourable effects on household consumption and other outcomes. In this paper, RM have backed off many of their prior claims and methods after earlier replies noted their faults (Pitt 1999, 2011a, 2011b; Pitt and Khandker 2012). Nonetheless, RM make a number of criticisms of and claims against PK. The strong wording of RM may give the impression that the criticisms are equally strong and valid. This brief response shows that all of the criticisms are readily refuted. The principal claims are addressed in turn below; others are addressed in Pitt and Khandker (2012) and Pitt (2013) providing a more extensive discussion of all issues raised by RM.
A Case Study of Teachers' in Professional Learning Communities in a Campus Preschool

The purpose of this multi-case study was to describe and explain teacher learning within school contexts by exploring the nature of teachers’ experiences in learning communities. This study explored the ways in which teachers participated in professional development sessions using the project approach as a framework for facilitating and engaging in professional learning communities by answering: What is the nature of teachers’ experiences in inquiry-based professional learning communities? In what ways and under what conditions does documentation play a role in teacher learning? For data collection I used semi-structured interviews, audio recordings of professional development sessions, teacher documentation, teacher daily sheets, and my researcher journal. I applied a constructivist approach using a social lens for the data analysis to make sense of teachers’ learning experiences (Vygotsky, 1935; Rogoff, 1995). The findings indicated that group dynamics play a pivotal role in how teachers’ experience professional learning communities. Teacher’s struggled to foster inquiry into their own practice. The findings also indicate documenting children’s learning is essential in developing a deeper understanding of children. Despite the positive role of documentation within the professional learning community, teacher’s needed favorable conditions to continue using documentation for teacher learning.
Has New York Become Less Competitive in Global Markets? Evaluating Foreign Listing Choices over Time

We study the determinants and consequences of cross-listings on the New York and London stock exchanges from 1990 to 2005. This investigation enables us to evaluate the relative benefits of New York and London exchange listings and to assess whether these relative benefits have changed over time, perhaps as a result of the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of Congress (SOX) in 2002. We find that cross-listings have been falling on U.S. exchanges as well as on the Main Market in London. This decline in cross-listings is explained by changes in firm characteristics rather than by changes in the benefits of cross-listing. We show that, after controlling for firm characteristics, there is no deficit in cross-listing counts on U.S. exchanges related to SOX. Investigating the valuation differential between listed and nonlisted firms (the "cross-listing premium") from 1990 to 2005, we find that there is a significant premium for U.S. exchange listings every year, that the premium has not fallen significantly in recent years, that it persists when allowing for unobservable firm characteristics, and that there is a permanent premium in event time. In contrast, there is no premium for listings on London's Main Market for any year. Crosslisting in the U.S. leads firms to increase their capital-raising activity at home and abroad while a London listing has no such impact. Our evidence is consistent with the theory that an exchange listing in New York has unique governance benefits for foreign firms. These benefits have not been seriously eroded by SOX and cannot be replicated through a London listing.
Effect of indomethacin on the incidence of experimental Escherichia coli pyelonephritis

In the presence of temporary obstruction (20 h), ascending Escherichia coli urinary infection leads to irreversible acute exudative pyelonephritis (AEP) in rats. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the early inflammatory events which take place in response to the presence of bacteria in the kidney parenchyma and lead to the development of AEP. Rats were given indomethacin before and during the obstructive phase of kidney infection and were sacrificed at different times thereafter. Although renal infection (as defined by bacterial counts) was equally frequent (76%) and severe in indomethacin-treated and control rats sacrificed at the end of the obstructive period, it was found that the incidence of AEP (as defined by the inflammatory response of the kidney elicited by bacteria) 2 days after removal of the obstruction was significantly reduced from 74% in controls given water to 48% in indomethacin-treated animals (P = 0.02). Rat kidneys without AEP had bacterial counts of 10(2)/g. Since indomethacin apparently had no direct antibacterial activity against E. coli and no effect on urine osmolalities, it is likely that the reduction in the incidence of AEP and the concomitant eradication of bacteria after removal of the obstruction was due to an effect of indomethacin that is related to the renal response to infection. This was possibly due to decreased inflammation, as indicated by the fact that when pyelonephritis developed in indomethacin-treated rats it was less severe than in controls. These results suggest that if inflammation can be mitigated when bacteria are present in the kidney during obstruction, the bacteria may be cleared spontaneously once the normal urinary flow is restored.
Preoperative Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Interventions:A mean of 1.6±0.2 preoperative CE procedures were performed per patient in the CE group. Tumorectomies, segmentectomies, andmajor liver resections wereperformedwithacomparablefrequencyineachgroup. Results: Overall, CE was not associated with a significant reduction of tumor size (7.8±1 cm prior to CE vs 7.1±1 cm after CE) or a-fetoprotein levels (2560±2091 μg/L prior to CE vs 1788±1270 μg/L after the last CE). Chemoembolization promoted tumor necrosis but did not influence tumor encapsulation, invasion of the capsule, venous permeation, presence of daughter nodules, or surgical margins. Liver resection was rendered more difficult by preoperative CE as a result of pediculitis and gallbladder lesions in 37% of patients, but the postoperative course was not altered. Disease-free survival (33%±12% vs 32%±12% at 3 years) and overall survival were comparable.
Vocal tract area functions for an adult female speaker based on volumetric imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to acquire vocal tract shapes of ten vowels /i, I, [symbol: see text] a, [symbol: see text], o, [symbol: see text] u/ and two liquid approximants /3[symbol: see text], 1/ for a 27-year-old adult female. These images were complemented with additional images acquired with electron beam computed tomography (CT) of /i/ and /a/. Each 3-D shape was condensed into a set of cross-sectional areas of oblique sections perpendicular to the centerline of the vocal tract's long axis, resulting in an "area function. " Formant frequencies computed for each area function showed reasonable similarity to those determined from the natural (recorded) speech of the imaged subject, but differences suggest that some of the imaged vocal tract shapes were articulated differently during imaging than during recording of natural speech, and also that imaging procedures may have compromised some accuracy for a few shapes. The formant calculations also confirmed the significant effect that the piriform sinus can have on lowering the formant frequencies. A comparison is made between area functions derived using both MRI and CT methods for the vowels /i/ and /a/. Additionally, the area functions reported in this study are compared with those from two previous studies and demonstrate general similarities in shape but also obvious differences that can be attributed to anatomical differences of the imaged subjects and to differences in imaging techniques and image processing methods.