Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Workplace Restructuring and Urban Form: The Changing National Settlement Patterns of the Canadian Workforce

ABSTRACT: This article examines the relationship between emerging work arrangements and national settlement patterns. While growth is centralized in large cities, social commentators continue to suggest that workplace restructuring—facilitated by technological progress—encourages more dispersed settlement patterns, evoking concern about the environmental sustainability of the trend. Multivariate analysis using Canadian census data shows that with the exception of self-employed professionals, the home workers, and self-employed in nonmanual occupations have a lower tendency to reside in large cities than otherwise similar wage and salary earning commuters. However, household mobility and temporal trends suggest that workplace restructuring is not dispersing workers away from large cities by inducing mobility, but that take-up is higher in more remote areas. It is argued that workplace restructuring permits more dispersed national settlement patterns than if workers needed to move to large cities for proximity to employment growth. The article reflects on the implications of the findings for urban sustainability policies that promote compact urban forms and the policies that emphasize consumption amenities of cities to attract mobile workers.
Neuromuscular blockade of slow twitch muscle fibres elevates muscle oxygen uptake and energy turnover during submaximal exercise in humans

We tested the hypothesis that a greater activation of fast‐twitch (FT) fibres during dynamic exercise leads to a higher muscle oxygen uptake () and energy turnover as well as a slower muscle on‐kinetics. Subjects performed one‐legged knee‐extensor exercise for 10 min at an intensity of 30 W without (CON) and with (CUR) arterial injections of the non‐depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent cisatracurium. In CUR, creatine phosphate (CP) was unaltered in slow twitch (ST) fibres and decreased (P < 0.05) by 28% in FT fibres, whereas in CON, CP decreased (P < 0.05) by 33% and 23% in ST and FT fibres, respectively. From 127 s of exercise, muscle was higher (P < 0.05) in CUR compared to CON (425 ± 25 (±s.e.m.) versus 332 ± 30 ml min−1) and remained higher (P < 0.05) throughout exercise. Using monoexponential fitting, the time constant of the exercise‐induced muscle response was slower (P < 0.05) in CUR than in CON (55 ± 6 versus 33 ± 5 s). During CUR and CON, muscle homogenate CP was lowered (P < 0.05) by 32 and 35%, respectively, and also muscle lactate production was similar in CUR and CON (37.8 ± 4.1 versus 35.2 ± 6.2 mmol). Estimated total muscle ATP turnover was 19% higher (P < 0.05) in CUR than in CON (1196 ± 90 versus 1011 ± 59 mmol) and true mechanical efficiency was lower (P < 0.05) in CUR than in CON (26.2 ± 2.0 versus 30.9 ± 1.5%). In conclusion, the present findings provide evidence that FT fibres are less efficient than ST fibres in vivo at a contraction frequency of 1 Hz, and that the muscle kinetics is slowed by FT fibre activation.
Are Unemployment and Out of the Labor Force Behaviorally Distinct Labor Force States?

This paper tests the hypothesis that the classifications "unemployed" and "out of the labor force" are behaviorally meaningless distinctions. This hypothesis is rejected. Distinct behavioral equations govern transitions from out of the labor force to employment and from unemployment to employment. The evidence reported in this paper is broadly consistent with versions of search theory in which unemployment is a state that facilitates the job search process. In an Appendix, we demonstrate that log concavity of the wage-offer distribution implies that the exit rate from unemployment is an increasing function of the rate of arrival of job offers.
Effects of parental attitudes on physical education course attitudes among adolescents

In this study, the effects of parental attitudes on physical education course attitudes were examined on a group of the adolescents. The research population was made up of a total of 229 8th grade primary school students, and 113 (49.3%) of whom were female and 116 (50.7%) of whom were male. The parenting styles scale and physical education course attitude scale were administered on the research population. The questions for determining age and gender variables were asked together with the physical education course attitude scale. Descriptive statistics were utilized in line with the obtained data. Furthermore, the t-test was performed for the comparison of arithmetic means of physical education course attitude levels with respect to gender, the correlation analysis was conducted for the determination of the relations between sub-dimensions of the parental attitudes and physical education course attitude scale, and the regression analysis was performed for determination to which extent sub-dimensions of the parental attitudes predict physical education course attitudes. As a result, it was seen that adolescents display positive attitudes towards the physical education course, that they do not differ in terms of gender, that authoritarian mothers adopt a positive attitude towards the physical education course and positively influence physical education course attitude levels of the adolescents.
Ethical Manoeuvring: Why People Avoid Both Major and Minor Lies

This research examines whether and why people manoeuvre their unethical behaviour so as to maximize material gains at a minimal psychological cost. Employing an anonymous die-under-cup paradigm, we asked people to report the outcome of a private die roll and gain money as a function of their reports. Supporting self-concept maintenance theory, results showed that people avoid both major lies (i.e. over-reporting the highest possible outcome) and minor lies (yielding little material gain), but did over-report intermediate outcomes when this implied a substantial increase compared to a walk-away value. Results suggest that lying is psychologically costly. We propose that organizations allowing freedom of choice while narrowing the available ways to unethically boost personal profit should see a decrease in unethical behaviour among their employees.
Selective fluorescent labeling of amino groups of bovine pancreatic tryspin inhibitor by reductive alkylation

Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) was reductively alkylated with 2‐methoxy‐1‐naphthyl aldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH3). All five possible derivatives, each labeled at one of the primary amino groups of BPTI, were obtained. The distribution of yields of the various derivatives can be controlled by changing the reaction conditions. Products were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tryptic peptide mapping. This procedure was used for the preparation of three pure 2‐methoxy‐1‐naphthyl‐methylenyl‐BPTI (MNA‐BPTI) derivatives. Purification was achieved by means of affinity chromatography and HPLC. The spectral characteristics of the probe, notably monoexponential decay with a lifetime of 6.8 ± 0.1 ns and moderate limiting fluorescence polarization, P = 0.3 ± 0.015, make it a very useful donor in energy‐transfer measurements.
The Role of Performance Management in the Steering of Executive Agencies: Layered, Imbedded, or Disjointed?

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the Norwegian state administration’s performance management practices, based on a study of performance contracts between 77 Norwegian executive agencies and their parent ministries. The results show that most performance objectives target agency outputs and outcomes, suggesting that the “right version” of performance management is practiced. Two perspectives are developed to hypothesize about performance management’s relationship to legal, fiscal, legal, and direct behavioral steering. The layering perspective assumes that ministries use performance management to repair gaps left by limitations in the other control instruments. The imbedding perspective assumes that ministries develop performance management practices that uphold intentions for delegated autonomy. The layering perspective receives some support, but overall it seems that decisions about how to use each governance instrument are quite disjointed, without much concern for harmony with how other instruments are used. The article also shows that performance management practices are influenced by contextual factors like the number of tasks an agency performs, organizational heterogeneity, and whether an agency was established before or after the general introduction of performance management.
Tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐10 polymorphisms in preeclampsia

Aim: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most serious disorders of pregnancy. The imbalance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines may play a role in its etiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cytokine gene polymorphism is associated with PE, and to evaluate the relationship between genotypes and clinical/laboratory manifestation of PE.
PRODUCTION AND TRADE EFFECTS OF AN ASEAN FREE TRADE AREA

tag=1 data=Production and trade effects of an ASEAN free trade area. by Pearl Imada tag=2 data=Imada, Pearl tag=3 data=Developing Economics, tag=4 data=31 tag=5 data=1 tag=6 data=March 1993 tag=7 data=3-23. tag=8 data=TRADE%SOUTH-EAST ASIA tag=10 data=After more than twenty years of existence the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN, is often hailed as one of the most successful regional groupings among developing countries. Provided by MICAH, Canberra. tag=11 data=1993/5/7 tag=12 data=93/0392 tag=13 data=CAB
Influence of the extracellular matrix on fibroblast responsiveness to phenytoin using in vitro wound healing models

Recent reports indicate that the topical administration of phenytoin to cutaneous wounds can promote repair. However, isolated skin cells (keratinocytes and flbroblasts) in vitro have varied in their response to phenytoin, giving rise to apparently contradictory results. We have examined how the structure of the extracellular matrix in which human dermal fibroblasts are grown in vitro can influence the response of these cells to phenytoin. The results indicate that, when fibroblasts are embedded within freely‐contracting, relaxed, type I collagen matrices, they are insensitive to phenytoin treatment. However, if fibroblasts are grown in collagen matrices which are non‐retracting and under tension, phenytoin (5–5μg/ml) significantly (P < 0.01) stimulates cell proliferation, and inhibits collagenase activity in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The fact that the effects of phenytoin on dermal fibroblasts are biphasic and influenced by the surrounding matrix may help to explain why in vitro investigations with phenytoin give rise to inconsistent data. It also suggests that the matrix alterations which accompany wound healing may modulate the effects of phenytoin on dermal fibroblasts.
Differential Information and the Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings: Australian Evidence

This paper provides evidence on underpricing in Australia using 340 industrial initial public offerings over the period 1980 to 1990. It aims to explain why underpricing is consistent with rational behaviour by focusing on differential information across IPO firms. We measure differential information along two dimensions, the quality and the quantity of information. We propose that the quality of information is reflected in the reputation of independent advisers to the preparation of the issuing firm's prospectus. Three such independent external advisers are examined: the investigating accountant, the underwriter, and the expert. The results provide strong support for the reputation effect of the underwriter on underpricing. Although there is evidence showing a negative relation between underpricing and the reputation of the investigating accountant and the expert, it is not significant. Our results also support the differential quantity of information hypothesis. Firms with more information available are, on average, less underpriced.
The Effect of Nutrients and Enriched CO2 Environments on Production of Carbon-Based Allelochemicals in Plantago: A Test of the Carbon/Nutrient Balance Hypothesis

In a test of the carbon/nutrient (C/N) balance hypothesis, we grew the perennial herb Plantago lanceolata in different CO2 and nutrient environments and then (1) measured the total allocation to shoots, roots, and reproductive parts and (2) quantified aucubin, catalpol, and verbascoside contents of replicate plants of six genotypes. Plants grown under low-nutrient conditions do have higher concentrations of carbon-based allelochemicals than plants grown under high-nutrient conditions. However, in contrast to the C/N balance hypothesis, plants grown in elevated (700 μL·L-1) CO2 conditions had similar, or lower, concentrations of carbon-based allelochemicals than plants grown in ambient (350 μL·L-1 CO2 conditions. We suggest that augmented substrate concentrations (i.e., excess carbohydrates) are a necessary but insufficient trigger for increased secondary metabolism; instead, hormonal and/or direct physical cues (such as light) may be essential to synthesize or activate the appropriate enzyme systems. Moreover, although plant genotype significantly affected plant growth, reproduction, and chemistry, we never observed significant genotype-by-CO2 interactions for these factors, which suggests that changing CO2 environments may not improve the fitness of certain genotypes over others
Simultaneous versus sequential complementarity in the adoption of technological and organizational innovations: the case of innovations in the design sphere

It is generally suggested that technological and organizational innovations, being complementary, need to be adopted simultaneously. Nevertheless, sequential rather than simultaneous adoption of these two types of innovation may be optimal. In this paper, we analyze the pattern of mutual causation of technological and organizational innovations and contribute to the understanding of their interdependencies. By the means of a test of necessary and sufficient conditions for the presence of sequential versus simultaneous complementarity, we explore the adoption of two allegedly complementary innovations in the sphere of design, namely, computer-aided design/manufacture equipment (CAD) and inter-organizational design teams with customers and suppliers (JOD). The evidence is drowned upon a longitudinal sample of Italian manufacturing plants observed over 27 years (1970–1996). We find that simultaneous adoption of the two innovations under consideration is unlikely while the likelihood of JOD adoption increases having adopted CAD. The results highlight the driving role of technological innovations, and notably of the decline in the price of IT equipment, upon the diffusion of complementary organizational innovations.
Metoprolol treatment for two years after coronary bypass grafting: effects on exercise capacity and signs of myocardial ischaemia.

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate whether prophylactic treatment with metoprolol for two years after coronary artery bypass grafting improves working capacity and reduces the occurrence of myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS--After coronary artery bypass grafting, patients were randomised to treatment with metoprolol or placebo for two years. Two years after randomisation, a computerised 12-lead electrocardiogram was obtained during a standardised bicycle exercise test in 618 patients (64% of all those randomised). RESULTS--The median exercise capacity was 140 W in the metoprolol group (n = 307) and 130 W in the placebo group (n = 311) (P > 0.20). An ST depression of > or = 1 mm at maximum exercise was present in 34% of the patients in the metoprolol group and 38% in the placebo group (P > 0.20) and an ST depression of > or = 2 mm at maximum exercise was present in 11% in the metoprolol group and 16% in the placebo group (P = 0.09). The median values for maximum systolic blood pressure were 200 mm Hg in the metoprolol group and 210 mm Hg in the placebo group (P < 0.0001), while the median values for maximum heart rate were 126 beats/min in the metoprolol group and 143 beats/min in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). The occurrence of cardiac and neurological clinical events two years postoperatively among exercised patients was comparable in the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS--Treatment with metoprolol for two years after coronary artery bypass grafting did not significantly change exercise capacity or electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischaemia.
Imaging Genomics of Glioblastoma: Biology, Biomarkers, and Breakthroughs

Abstract Glioblastoma is regarded as the most aggressive and most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, prognosis and overall survival of glioblastoma patients remain dismal. Recently, progresses in genetic profiling have increased our understanding of the underlying heterogenous molecular nature of this aggressive tumor. Several prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers have been identified that have been linked to patient’s survival and response to treatment, respectively. Imaging genomics represents a novel entity in clinical sciences that bidirectionally links imaging features with underlying molecular profile and thus can serve as a surrogate for noninvasive genomic correlation, prediction, and identification.
Continuously rebalanced investment strategies

78 w €1 ow long must an investor be prepared to 9 F 3 wait before the probability becomes highthat an allstock portfolio will outperform an all-bond portfolio? F'ollowing an article by Leibowitz and Krasker [ 19881, which gives only numerical results, this article provides the elegant mathematical arguments behind them, along with further numerical evidence including resiilts on continuously rebalanced stock-bond portfolios. It provides in addition a simple proof of the well-known capital-growth theorem, which says that the probability that the logarithmic utility strategy will outperform any other continuously rebalanced strategy approaches 1 as time approaches infinity. Logarithmic utility strategies are important in financial economics because they can help in deciding how much of a portfolio to allocate between safe and risky assets. The article also offers new evidence that, while the capital-growth theorem is true, to be 95% sure of beating an all-cash strategy will require 208 years; to be 95% sure of beating an all-stock strategy will require 4700 years much, much longer than one might have guessed from reading the literature on this subject.
The Relative Cost Efficiency of Stock Versus Mutual Thrifts: A Bayesian Approach

The relative cost efficiency of the mutual versus stock forms of ownership for thrifts has been a relevant issue in an era of deregulation and competition in the financial services industry. In this study, Bayesian-based Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) resampling methods are used to solve a stochastic cost frontier model and effectively determine cost efficiencies for the stock and mutual thrift groups. We find a statistically significant difference between both the cost frontiers and the cost efficiencies of the two groups, with the stock group operating at the lower-cost point. Agency problems explain a significant portion of the cost efficiency difference. Capital structure differences, though not helping to explain differences in cost efficiency, do help to explain differences in cost structure and managerial attitudes toward risk. Copyright 2004 by the Eastern Finance Association.
Dividends and Strength of Japanese Business Group Affiliation

While the study of dividend policy in Japan has investigated the role of group affiliation, it has heretofore neglected the impact of the strength of group affiliation. Using the strength of group association, a new variable in the study of dividend policy, we document that the probability of dividend payment by firms in Japanese business groups declines as the affiliation to the business group strengthens – a finding consistent with transferring cash from weakly associated firms to those strongly associated with the business group. Further, the contractual claimant position of main banks seems important as the ratio of short-term debt to long-term debt is negatively related to dividend payment in Japanese firms. Finally, we also reconfirm that dividends in Japan are positively related to firm size, profitability, and investment opportunities, and negatively to firm risk. These findings should be of much interest to managers, scholars, and policy-makers.
A survey of bisphenol A and other bisphenol analogues in foodstuffs from nine cities in China

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical that is widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy food-can coatings. Following several studies that have reported adverse effects of BPA over the past decade, other bisphenol analogues, such as bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol B (BPB), have been gradually developed as substitutes for BPA in several applications. Nevertheless, few studies have reported on the occurrence of compounds other than BPA in foodstuffs. In this study, 289 food samples (13 categories: cereals and cereal products, meat and meat products, fish and seafood, eggs, milk and milk products, bean products, fruits, vegetables, cookies/snacks, beverages, cooking oils, condiments, and others), collected from nine cities in China, were analysed for eight bisphenol analogues using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). BPA and BPF were found widely in foodstuffs at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 299 ng g–1 (mean = 4.94 ng g–1) and from below the LOQ to 623 ng g–1 (mean = 2.50 ng g–1), fresh weight, respectively. The highest total concentrations of bisphenols (∑BPs: sum of eight bisphenols) were found in the category of vegetables that included canned products (mean = 27.0 ng g–1), followed by fish and seafood (16.5 ng g–1) and beverages (15.6 ng g–1). ∑BP concentrations (mean = 2–3 ng g–1) in milk and milk products, cooking oils, and eggs were low. Food samples sold in metallic cans contained higher mean ∑BP concentrations (56.9 ng g–1) in comparison with those packaged in glass (0.43 ng g–1), paper (11.9 ng g–1), or plastic (6.40 ng g–1). The daily dietary intakes of bisphenols were estimated, based on the mean concentrations measured and daily consumption rates of foods, to be 646 and 664 ng kg–1 bw day–1 for men and women, respectively. Graphical Abstract
Analysing Commuting Using Local Regression Techniques: Scale, Sensitivity, and Geographical Patterning

In this paper, two forms of local regression are employed in the analysis of relations between out-commuting distance and other socioeconomic variables in Northern Ireland. The two regression approaches used are moving window regression (MWR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). For the first approach different window sizes are applied and changes in results assessed. For the second approach, a Gaussian kernel is used and its bandwidth varied. Seven independent variables are utilised, although a single variable (deprivation) provides the main analytical focus. Differences in results obtained with use of the two approaches are discussed. The relationship between window size or bandwidth size and observed spatial patterning is discussed and elucidated. The results support previous work that indicated severe limitations in using global regressions to examine relationships between socioeconomic variables. Also, the utility of comparing results obtained from MWR and GWR is assessed and the benefits of both approaches are outlined.