Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attachment Style and Romantic Satisfaction as Predictors of Relationship Visibility on Facebook

The current study investigates the influence of adult attachment style on romantic posting behaviors on Facebook. Attachment theory has been widely used to examine behaviors and attitudes within romantic relationships, but little research has been done to extend these findings to the context of social media. A survey of 212 participants was conducted using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The results of a linear regression analysis showed that attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety predicted lower levels of romantic satisfaction, a finding reflective of previous attachment research (Hazan & Shaver, 1987). Two separate regression analyses were conducted to examine possible predictors of participants’ romantic displays on Facebook. The results of this study indicate that attachment style has an indirect influence on romantic posting behavior through its effect on relationship satisfaction. Specifically, romantic satisfaction is a stronger predictor of relationship visibility on Facebook than attachment style. The present study adds to the currently sparse body of research about romantic attachment and behavior on social media. PREDICTORS OF RELATIONSHIP VISIBILITY ON FACEBOOK 5 Attachment Style and Romantic Satisfaction as Predictors of Relationship Visibility on Facebook Since the rise of Myspace and Facebook in the early 2000s, social media has become increasingly integrated into society. Despite the growing popularity of social networking, little is known about its influence on close relationships. Not only has it fundamentally changed how people interact with each other, it also provides a public platform for people to display their own lives, often including their romantic relationships. The extent to which people integrate their romantic life into their online profiles varies from person to person. While some choose to keep their romantic life separate from their online presence, others post frequent, detailed accounts of their relationship experiences. Bowlby's (1978) theory of attachment, which explains why people hold certain beliefs and display certain patterns of behavior in close relationships, could be used to explain these differences in online behavior.
A geometric proof of the existence of the Green bundles

We give a new proof of the existence of the Green bundles. Let (M, g) be a compact Riemannian manifold, and denote by 9t its geodesic flow on the tangent bundle TM. Let -r : TM -* M be the canonical projection and for all 0 E TM let V(0) be the kernel of d-ro. Two points 01, 02 are said to be conjugate if 02 g9tO and dgtV(01) n V(02) & o0 It was proved by Hopf [5] that a two-dimensional torus without conjugate points is flat. Afterwards, Green [8] proved that the integral of the scalar curvature of a manifold without conjugate points is nonpositive and it vanishes if the metric is locally flat. A main ingredient was the existence, under the condition of no conjugate points, of the following bundles: (1) Es(0) lim dg_tV(gt(0)), t-> oo (2) E'(0) = lim dgtV(g_t(0)). t-* oo Hopf's result was generalized to higher dimensions in [2], but there are still new rigidity type results using these bundles; see for example [1]. These bundles have other applications: among other ideas they where used by Freire and Mane' [7] to obtain estimates of the topological entropy. Foulon [6] generalized this result to the case of Finsler metrics. The bundles were also used by Eberlain [4] who proved that these are transverse if and only if the geodesic flow is Anosov. This result was also generalized to the case of convex Hamiltonians without conjugate points; see [31. The purpose of this note is to give a new proof of the following Theorem. If the geodesic flow 9t of a compact manifold does not have conjugate points, then for every 0 in TM the limits (1) and (2) exist. We recall from [4] the definition of the connection map K: T0TM -> T7r(o)M. For ( on T0TM let Z: (-c, e) -* TM be a curve with initial velocity (. Define K(s) = Z'(O) to be the covariant derivative of Z along the curve ir o Z. The definition does not depend on the curve Z. Received by the editors February 8, 2001. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 37D40. The author was partially supported by CONACYT-Mexico grant #28489-E and EPSRCUnited Kingdom GR/M5610. )2002 American Mathematical Society
The Evolution of Population Gradients in Galaxy Clusters: The Butcher-Oemler Effect and Cluster Infall

We present photometric and spectroscopic measurements of the galaxy populations in clusters from the CNOC1 sample of rich, X-ray-luminous clusters at 0.18 < z < 0.55. A classical measure of the galaxy blue fraction for spectroscopically confirmed cluster members shows a significant Butcher-Oemler effect for the sample, but only when radii larger than 0.5r200 are considered. We perform a principal component analysis of galaxy spectra to divide the total cluster light into contributions from stellar populations of different ages. Composite radial distributions of different stellar populations show strong gradients as a function of clustercentric radius. The composite population is dominated by evolved populations in the core, and gradually changes at radii greater than the virial radius to one which is similar to coeval field galaxies. We do not see evidence at any radius within the clusters for an excess of star formation over that seen in the coeval field. Within this redshift range, significant evolution in the fractional population gradient is seen. Both low- and high-redshift clusters have similar populations in the cluster cores, but higher redshift clusters have steeper gradients and more star-forming galaxies at radii outside of the core region—in effect, a restatement of the Butcher-Oemler effect. Luminosity density profiles are consistent with a scenario where this phenomenon is due to a decline over time in the infall rate of field galaxies into clusters. Depending on how long galaxies reside in clusters before their star formation rates are diminished, this suggests a decrease in the infall into clusters of a factor of ~3 between z > 0.8 and z ~ 0.5. We also discuss alternative scenarios for the evolution of cluster populations.
C21orf91 genotypes correlate with herpes simplex labialis (cold sore) frequency: description of a cold sore susceptibility gene.

BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects >70% of the United States population. We identified a 3-megabase region on human chromosome 21 containing 6 candidate genes associated with herpes simplex labialis (HSL, "cold sores"). METHODS We conducted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scans of the chromosome 21 region to define which of 6 possible candidate genes were associated with cold sore frequency. We obtained the annual HSL frequency for 355 HSV-1 seropositive individuals and determined the individual genotypes by SNPlex for linkage analysis and parental transmission disequilibrium testing (ParenTDT). RESULTS Two-point linkage analysis showed positive linkage between cold sore frequency and 2 SNPs within the C21orf91 region, 1 of which is nonsynonymous. ParenTDT analysis revealed a strong association between another C21orf91 SNP, predicted to lie in the 3' untranslated region, and frequent HSL (P = .0047). C21orf 91 is a predicted open reading frame of unknown function that encodes a cytosolic protein. CONCLUSIONS We evaluated candidate genes in the cold sore susceptibility region using fine mapping with 45 SNP markers. 2 complementary techniques identified C21orf91 as a gene of interest for susceptibility to HSL. We propose that C21orf91 be designated the Cold Sore Susceptibility Gene-1 (CSSG1).
Toxoplasma gondii possesses a superantigen activity that selectively expands murine T cell receptor V beta 5-bearing CD8+ lymphocytes

To investigate early immune responses to the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, we examined the capacity of nonimmune splenocytes to respond in vitro to intact tachyzoites and soluble tachyzoite antigen (Ag). Both types of stimuli induced high levels of proliferation as well as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion. Based on several key criteria, the response appeared to be driven by a superantigen present in the parasite. Thus, stimulation of C57BL/6 spleen cells with T. gondii resulted in a preferential threefold expansion of a T cell population expressing the V beta 5 chain of the T cell receptor, and a survey of different inbred mouse strains revealed an inverse correlation between Ag-induced proliferation and genetic deletion of V beta 5. Moreover, proliferation was induced using irradiated Ag-pulsed and infected splenic adherent cells, and was blocked by a major histocompatibility complex class II-specific monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, paraformaldehyde-fixed IAb-, IAk-, and IEk-transfected fibroblast lines were able to specifically bind T. gondii Ag and drive proliferation of T lymphocytes, demonstrating that the response can be mediated by allogeneic class II molecules, and that it does not require cellular Ag processing. It is interesting to note that after 1 wk of culture with Ag, up to 70% of the expanded V beta 5-expressing cells were CD8+. These results provide the first description of a superantigen activity in a protozoan pathogen. In the case of T. gondii, superantigen-driven expansion of IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ lymphocytes may play a role in the development of the dominant IFN- gamma-dependent, cell-mediated immunity characteristic of infection with this parasite.
Rich Nations, Poor Nations: How Much Can Multiple Equilibria Explain?

This paper asks whether the income gap between rich and poor nations can be explained by multiple equilibria. We explore the quantitative implications of a simple two-sector general equilibrium model that gives rise to multiplicity, and calibrate the model for 127 countries. Under the assumptions of the model, around a quarter of the world’s economies are found to be in a low output equilibrium. We also find that, since the output gains associated with an equilibrium switch are sizeable, the model can explain between 15 and 25% of the variation in the logarithm of GDP per worker across countries.
Location-aware alert system for mobile devices

Being able to react fast to campaign events such as missing persons or disaster preventions, is of paramount importance. In these situations narrowing down the search area to a targeted and accurate location is imperative. Nowadays, modern mobile devices have the location awareness capabilities that can be used to determine the users Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. However in order to determine if a user is located within a specific area, complex floating point calculations are required. Moreover if the area is determined by a polygon, this calculation is further complicated. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm which makes use of spatial indices to determine if a mobile is located within a predefined polygon shape area. The algorithm determines the optimal length of the spatial index such as to ensure accuracy-processing time-memory trade-off. We build a prototype system, using free and open source software, to deliver alerts to mobile devices within a predetermined geographical area. The system is assessed in terms of accuracy, processing time and memory usage.
Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in the treatment of Peyronie’s disease: patient selection and perspectives

The safety and efficacy of the use of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease has been confirmed over the past several years. However, identification of the ideal patient population for use of this treatment is not well established. Multiple studies have attempted to delineate various patient-specific factors that may predict response to treatment with CCH, with the intent of enhancing patient selection. To date, these include baseline curvature severity, duration of disease, disease phase at presentation, plaque calcification, baseline erectile function, plaque size, age, comorbid diabetes, previous penile trauma, responsiveness to first treatment cycle, baseline penile shortening or pain, prior treatment with intralesional injection, compliance with plaque modeling, and atypical curvature. In addition, other studies have sought to explore various aspects of treatment with CCH that may affect patient perspective of treatment. They have focused on patient-reported outcomes, female partner considerations, cost of treatment, and potential confounders of patient satisfaction. This review provides a summary and analysis of currently available literature on topics of patient selection and perspectives in regard to treatment of Peyronie’s disease with CCH.
Soil moisture estimation in a semiarid watershed using RADARSAT‐1 satellite imagery and genetic programming

Soil moisture is a critical element in the hydrological cycle especially in a semiarid or arid region. Point measurement to comprehend the soil moisture distribution contiguously in a vast watershed is difficult because the soil moisture patterns might greatly vary temporally and spatially. Space‐borne radar imaging satellites have been popular because they have the capability to exhibit all weather observations. Yet the estimation methods of soil moisture based on the active or passive satellite imageries remain uncertain. This study aims at presenting a systematic soil moisture estimation method for the Choke Canyon Reservoir Watershed (CCRW), a semiarid watershed with an area of over 14,200 km2 in south Texas. With the aid of five corner reflectors, the RADARSAT‐1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imageries of the study area acquired in April and September 2004 were processed by both radiometric and geometric calibrations at first. New soil moisture estimation models derived by genetic programming (GP) technique were then developed and applied to support the soil moisture distribution analysis. The GP‐based nonlinear function derived in the evolutionary process uniquely links a series of crucial topographic and geographic features. Included in this process are slope, aspect, vegetation cover, and soil permeability to compliment the well‐calibrated SAR data. Research indicates that the novel application of GP proved useful for generating a highly nonlinear structure in regression regime, which exhibits very strong correlations statistically between the model estimates and the ground truth measurements (volumetric water content) on the basis of the unseen data sets. In an effort to produce the soil moisture distributions over seasons, it eventually leads to characterizing local‐ to regional‐scale soil moisture variability and performing the possible estimation of water storages of the terrestrial hydrosphere.
Life satisfaction among inbound university students in northern Sweden

Will life satisfaction among international students change after having an experience of studying abroad? Some previous studies indicate inequalities and issues of social mobility embedded in international student mobility. International student mobility implies physical movement and new experiences gained while studying abroad. The ubiquity of international students and their generally successful adaptation makes it necessary to understand how they manage to turn a seemingly difﬁcult situation into satisfying adaptation. One area of such concern that this study sought to explore was the students’ level of satisfaction with life. This study investigated the self-reported life satisfaction of inbound university students upon arrival to a university in northern Sweden and at follow-up six months later. After the study period abroad, the students’ levels of perceived satisfaction with their somatic health and activities of daily living had significantly increased. Higher levels, while non-significant, were found for the domains life as a whole, study situation and economy. These findings may indicate that studying abroad could have an impact on students’ reported life satisfaction, which highlights the value of a period of studying abroad. However, when exploring life satisfaction outcomes among internationally mobile students, it seems pertinent to study student mobility within a context. This study mostly targets international student mobility in a Western/European context.
On Using Monolingual Corpora in Neural Machine Translation

Recent work on end-to-end neural network-based architectures for machine translation has shown promising results for En-Fr and En-De translation. Arguably, one of the major factors behind this success has been the availability of high quality parallel corpora. In this work, we investigate how to leverage abundant monolingual corpora for neural machine translation. Compared to a phrase-based and hierarchical baseline, we obtain up to $1.96$ BLEU improvement on the low-resource language pair Turkish-English, and $1.59$ BLEU on the focused domain task of Chinese-English chat messages. While our method was initially targeted toward such tasks with less parallel data, we show that it also extends to high resource languages such as Cs-En and De-En where we obtain an improvement of $0.39$ and $0.47$ BLEU scores over the neural machine translation baselines, respectively.
Accepted Refereed Manuscript Of: Noncommercial-noderivatives 4.0 International

(2014) Larger investment in roots in southern range-edge populations of Scots pine is associated with increased growth and seedling resistance to extreme drought in response to simulated climate change, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 105, pp. 32-38. Title: Larger investment in roots in southern range-edge populations of Scots pine is associated with increased growth and seedling resistance to extreme drought in response to simulated climate change. Abstract Extreme climate events such as heat waves or severe drought have the potential to fundamentally alter species dynamics, and are expected to increase in frequency in the coming decades. Early life stages of plant species are highly sensitive to these variations, with the potential for profound consequences for plant communities. In order to explore the response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to predicted increases in temperature and extreme drought, we performed a controlled-conditions experiment using growth chambers to simulate 1) current and future temperatures expected at the southernmost edge of the range, 2) current and drier growing seasons before an acute summer drought, and 3) drought alleviation by sporadic rainy events during summer. We analysed the response of seedlings by assessing survival, growth, biomass allocation and isotopic discrimination. Southern range-edge seedlings were compared under same conditions with those from the northern range edge, which experience cooler and wetter conditions throughout the year. The combination of extreme drought and the predicted temperature rise severely reduced overall survival for both provenances. A reduction in precipitation before the onset of drought diminished the survival and final biomass of seedlings, while the interruption of summer drought drastically increased survival probabilities. Southern seedlings invested a higher proportion of their biomass in roots, which conferred on them higher growth, higher survival probabilities, better nutritional status and lower drought stress. These results help us to understand the mechanisms of local adaptation at the southern range edge and indicate southern populations as a valuable genetic resource to buffer the response of Scots pine against such extreme climatic events.
Bactericidal activity and target preference of a piperazinyl-cross-linked ciprofloxacin dimer with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

BACKGROUND Previous work showed that piperazinyl-cross-linked ciprofloxacin dimer exhibits good bacteriostatic activity with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus; lethal activity was not measured. Subsequently, the dimer failed to kill Mycobacterium smegmatis but blocked growth. Whether the compound is lethal with non-mycobacterial species is not known. METHODS Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were measured with wild-type cells and topoisomerase mutants of S. aureus and Escherichia coli for ciprofloxacin and a dimer of ciprofloxacin. Spontaneous resistance mutants were selected with S. aureus for both compounds, followed by target identification by nucleotide sequence determination of the quinolone-resistance-determining-region of gyrA (gyrase) and parC (topoisomerase IV). RESULTS The dimer was lethal, in some cases exhibiting more activity than ciprofloxacin (particularly with wild-type cells and a parC mutant of S. aureus). Dimerization affected target preference with S. aureus but not with E. coli. Resistance mutations in either gyrA or parC of S. aureus raised the MIC of the dimer, but only a parC mutation raised the MIC of ciprofloxacin. With S. aureus, the dimer selected spontaneous resistant gyrA mutants, whereas ciprofloxacin selected a parC mutant. With E. coli, a gyrA, but not a parC, mutation raised the MIC of both compounds. CONCLUSION The dimer readily killed S. aureus and E. coli, representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In both cases the preferred target was DNA gyrase. The switch in target preference may be responsible for the greater lethality of the dimer seen with S. aureus.
Abstract only: automatic estimation of performance requirements for software tasks of mobile devices

This paper introduces a new method to predict performance requirements of mobile devices' software tasks using system models describing the hardware and software. With the help of clustering algorithms and linear regression, behavioral models of software tasks are generated automatically. These models are used to project the runtime of representative parts of the software tasks. The runtime of representative execution parts is determined with instruction-accurate simulations which are not feasible for whole executions. The inputs for the projection task a model of the hardware platform and input data parameters, especially the data size. A major advantage of this approach is that the developers do not have to estimate the performance requirements themselves. In this way the method helps to seamlessly integrate the performance analysis process into the development process. The paper introduces the ideas in detail and presents an evaluation of the proposed method for typical software tasks of mobile devices.
Predictors of satisfaction with Kenya’s police and Kenya’s criminal justice system: Results from a sample of Kenyan college students

Although the influence of procedural justice on citizens’ satisfaction and cooperation with police has been tested in several geopolitical contexts, this is the first study to examine the relationship between procedural justice and satisfaction with Kenya’s police and Kenya’s criminal justice system on a Kenyan college campus. Using a sample of 523 students from a prominent Kenyan university, we found that procedural justice and officer integrity predicted satisfaction with both Kenya’s police and criminal justice system. Also, more highly educated students (sophomores, juniors, and seniors, compared to freshmen) were more satisfied with both the Kenyan police and criminal justice system. Conversely, victims of crime in the community were less satisfied with Kenyan police, and students who had a negative personal experience with police were less satisfied with the country’s criminal justice system. Although instrumental factors of policing (e.g., police effectiveness) were not tested in this study, thus precluding a comparative assessment of normative and instrumental models of policing, this study contributes to the extant literature by pointing out the salience of procedural justice and officer integrity for improving the relationship between the police and the communities they are sworn to serve. The study’s implications for policy are discussed.