Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tolerant Reactions to Advocates of Disagreeable Ideas in Childhood and Adolescence.

Separate lines of research on the development of tolerant reactions to dissenting others, one of which has been focused on fair-minded judgments of their personal worth and the other on the extension of civil liberties to them, are joined in this study. Second, fifth, and eighth graders reacted to children or adults who advocated five different ideas. Progress toward more fair-minded judgments of the proponents of offensive ideas was evident early, whereas growth toward political tolerance continued into adolescence. Influences of idea content on reactions and increased independence of different reactions with age suggest that tolerance is multidimensional and context-dependent
Subtenon triamcinolone injection for postoperative cystoid macular edema associated with tafluprost

Purpose We report the successful treatment of a case of cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with topical tafluprost, which was accompanied by serous retinal detachment (SRD). Case A 78-year-old woman underwent intraocular lens suture surgery, including anterior vitreous cutting, for crystalline lens dislocation in the right eye. Tafluprost was initiated 12 weeks after surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled at 10–14 mmHg. Visual acuity remained at 20/40–30/40. However, the patient complained of blurred vision (20/200) 9 months after surgery. CME accompanied by SRD was identified by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and treated with subtenon triamcinolone injection. Visual acuity rapidly increased to 20/50, and the volume of SRD decreased in a few days. Discontinuation of tafluprost and initiation of diclofenac eye drops improved visual acuity to 20/40 and resulted in improved OCT findings within a few weeks. Three months after injection, tafluprost was resumed along with diclofenac. No recurrence of CME occurred over the following 3 months, and IOP was controlled at 10–15 mmHg. Conclusion SRD is considered to be a symptom of treatment-resistant CME, which may lead to poor visual acuity after recovery. In such cases, subtenon triamcinolone injection should be strongly considered at an early stage.
The use of the comet assay for the evaluation of the genotoxicity of nanomaterials

The accelerating production and use of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) raises questions about the safety of this new technology. To avoid the possible hazards associated with NMs requires proper regulation. How should toxicity testing be addressed and can standard tests for assessment of safety of chemicals be applied to NMs? What are the major limitations of NM safety testing and is the current regulatory testing strategy suitable also for NMs? Can existing tests be fully adapted or should new methods be developed to suit the unique properties of NMs?
Communication Strategies: Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Perspectives

Introduction: Approaches to communication strategies Gabriele Kasper and Eric Kellerman I Psycholinguistic perspectives 1. Investigating communication strategies in L2 reference: Pros and cons George Yule and Elaine Tarone 2. On psychological plausibility in the study of communication strategies Eric Kellerman and Ellen Bialystok 3. Compensatory strategies and the principles of clarity and economy Nanda Poulisse 4. Preference and order in first and second language referential communication George Russell 5. Strategies in verbal productions of brain-damaged individuals Brigitte Stemmer and Yves Joanette II Expanding the scope 6. Developing the ability to evaluate verbal information: The relevance of referential communication research Peter Lloyd 7. Can one be more than two? Mono- and bilinguals' production of German and Spanish object descriptions in a referential communication task Werner Deutsch, Nanci Bruhn, Gowert Masche and Heiki Behrens 8. 'Y . no puodo decir mas nada': Distanced communication skills of Puerto Rican children Ana Maria Rodino and Catherine Snow 9. The lexical generation gap: A connectionist account of circumlocution in Chinese as a Second Language Patricia A. Duff 10. An introspective analysis of listener inferencing on a second language listening task Steven Ross 11. Studying language use as collaboration Deanne Wilkes-Gibbs III Sociolinguistic perspectives 12. A sociolinguistic perspective on L2 communication strategies Ben Rampton 13. Communication strategies in an interactional context: The mutual achievement of comprehension Jessica Williams, Rebecca Inscoe, and Thomas Tasker 14. Communication strategies at work Johannes Wagner and Alan Firth 15. Beyond reference Gabriele Kasper Bibliography Subject Index Name Index
A structural model of the active ribosome-bound membrane protein insertase YidC

The integration of most membrane proteins into the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria occurs co-translationally. The universally conserved YidC protein mediates this process either individually as a membrane protein insertase, or in concert with the SecY complex. Here, we present a structural model of YidC based on evolutionary co-variation analysis, lipid-versus-protein-exposure and molecular dynamics simulations. The model suggests a distinctive arrangement of the conserved five transmembrane domains and a helical hairpin between transmembrane segment 2 (TM2) and TM3 on the cytoplasmic membrane surface. The model was used for docking into a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of a translating YidC-ribosome complex carrying the YidC substrate FOc. This structure reveals how a single copy of YidC interacts with the ribosome at the ribosomal tunnel exit and identifies a site for membrane protein insertion at the YidC protein-lipid interface. Together, these data suggest a mechanism for the co-translational mode of YidC-mediated membrane protein insertion. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03035. 001
Are Shame , Guilt , and Embarrassment Distinct Emotions ?

182 undergraduates described personal embarrassment, shame, and guilt experiences and rated these experiences on structural and phenomenological dimensions. Contrary to popular belief, shame was no more likely than guilt to be experienced in ,'public" situations; all 3 emotions typically occurred in social contexts, but a significant proportion of shame and guilt events occurred when respondents were alone. Analyses of participants' phenomenological ratings clearly demonstrated that shame, guilt, and embarrassment are not merely different terms for the same affective experience. In particular, embarrassment was a relatively distant neighbor of shame and guilt, and the differences among the 3 could not be explained simply by intensity of affect or by degree of moral transgression. Finally, participants generally were their own harshest critics in each type of event, evaluating themselves more negatively than they believed others did.
Association between X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 Arg399Gln Polymorphism and Cervical Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis in the Chinese Population

Background: Many studies have examined the association of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln polymorphism with cervical cancer susceptibility. However, the results of these studies are inconsistent. To further assess the effects of XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism on the risk of cervical cancer in the Chinese population, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods: Relevant studies were identified using PubMed, Springer Link, Ovid, Chinese Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biology Medicine through December 2015. Pooled ORs and 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of the associations. Results: This meta-analysis identified 7 studies, including 1,589 cases and 2,235 controls. In the total analyses, a significantly elevated risk of cervical cancer was associated with variants of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (GA vs. GG: OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.13-1.49; AA + GA vs. GG: OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02-1.58). In the subgroup analyses stratified by geographic areas and histopathology type, it revealed the significant result in South China. Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln GA variant might be risk alleles for cervical cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population, and further studies in other ethnic groups are required to arrive at definite conclusions.
Simulation of submicron double-heterojunction high electron mobility transistors with MINIMOS-NT

Simulations and measurements of submicron pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are presented. For the simulations the generic device simulator MINIMOS-NT is used which is capable of dealing with complex device geometries as well as with several physical models represented by certain sets of partial differential equations. A description of the structure of the simulator is given, which shows the basic idea of splitting the device geometry into distinct regions. Within these "segments", arbitrary material properties and physical models, i.e., partial differential equations, can be defined independently. The segments are linked together by interface models which account for the interface conditions. The simulated characteristics of a HEMT with a gate length of 240 nm are compared with the measured data. Essential physical effects which determine the behavior of the device can be identified in the output and transfer characteristics.
Chicano Novels and the Politics of Form: Race, Class, and Reification

The field of Mexican American fiction has exploded since the 1990s, yet there has been relatively little critical assessment of this burgeoning area in American literature. "Chicano Novels and the Politics of Form" is a provocative and timely study of literary form that focuses on the fiction of five writers whose work spans a century: Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton, Oscar Zeta Acosta, Danny Santiago, and Cecile Pineda.Drawing on the Marxist concept of reification to examine the connections between social history and narrative, Marcial Gonzalez highlights the relationship between race and class in these works and situates them as historical responses to Mexican American racial, political, and social movements since the late nineteenth century.The book sheds light on the relationship between politics and form in the novel, an issue that has long intrigued literary scholars. This timely and original study will appeal to scholars and students of American literature, ethnic studies, Latino studies, critical race theory, and Marxist literary theory.This book explores the relationship between race and class and between politics and literary form in major works of Chicano literature over the last hundred years.
Comparison of measurement methods for quantifying hand force

Hand force is a known risk factor for upper extremity disorders. The objective of the present study was to determine the characteristics of, and the relationships between, exposure assessment methods to quantify hand force. Five methods, used in the laboratory or the field, were used to quantify hand force at three force magnitudes: two direct (or technical) measurement methods, force transducers and electromyography; an observational method; and two self-report approaches, force matching and a visual analogue scale. Five tasks, simulating manual work activities, were performed by 20 participants. The coefficients of variation of measures within and between participants were moderate. All approaches clearly distinguished between the three force levels tested. The reliability of the methods ranged from poor (observation method without information) to good (force transducers method and observation method with information). The measurement methods correlated moderately over all five tasks. Predictions of grip force across all five tasks were poor and even for single tasks the predictions were not much better. The tasks in this study were still simplified; in the field tasks are even more complex and the measurement characteristics might be expected to be less good. A hand force exposure assessment method should therefore be calibrated and tested for each type of hand activity before use.
Early failure of short-lead metal line and its EM characterization with Wheatstone bridge test structure in advanced Cu/ULK BEOL process

Early failure of the short-lead metal line EM (Electromigration) is investigated. Applying Wheatstone bridge (WSB) test structure and 3-parameter lognormal distribution enables to reduce sample size and time-to-fail (TTF) variation governed by early fails causing a poor standard deviation, EM lifetime is accurately predicted and improved by ~280×. In particular, EM TTF at lower percentiles can be well represented by 3-parameter lognormal. With respect to physical aspects of void, EM behaviors of the short-lead and long-lead metal line are addressed based on experimental results compared with Monte-Carlo simulations to support the Blech's back-stress effects.
Unifying distillation and privileged information

Distillation (Hinton et al., 2015) and privileged information (Vapnik & Izmailov, 2015) are two techniques that enable machines to learn from other machines. This paper unifies these two techniques into generalized distillation, a framework to learn from multiple machines and data representations. We provide theoretical and causal insight about the inner workings of generalized distillation, extend it to unsupervised, semisupervised and multitask learning scenarios, and illustrate its efficacy on a variety of numerical simulations on both synthetic and real-world data.
A Comparison of the Quality of Class Music Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools in England.

During inspections of state-funded schools that fall within the scope of the Education (Schools) Act 1992, inspectors are required to grade the quality of teaching of each of the lessons they inspect using a five-point scale, and to justify each of their grades with an evaluative comment. The investigation reported in this paper draws on findings from inspections that took place during the academic year 1993-1994, and focuses on class music lessons attended by pupils aged from 5 to 14 years. The grades given for the quality of teaching in class music lessons that took place in 79 primary schools and 690 secondary schools were compared. The reports of 1212 lessons inspected in a structured sample of 154 of these schools were read and analysed. Music received the most favourable grades of all National Curriculum subjects in primary schools, and the least favourable grades in secondary schools. Lessons given in primary schools often matched the needs of individual pupils more effectively than those in secondary schools, and were more frequently adjusted by teachers in the light of pupils ' responses.
GSLAM: Initialization-Robust Monocular Visual SLAM via Global Structure-from-Motion

Many monocular visual SLAM algorithms are derived from incremental structure-from-motion (SfM) methods. This work proposes a novel monocular SLAM method which integrates recent advances made in global SfM. In particular, we present two main contributions to visual SLAM. First, we solve the visual odometry problem by a novel rank-1 matrix factorization technique which is more robust to the errors in map initialization. Second, we adopt a recent global SfM method for the pose-graph optimization, which leads to a multi-stage linear formulation and enables L1 optimization for better robustness to false loops. The combination of these two approaches generates more robust reconstruction and is significantly faster (4X) than recent state-of-the-art SLAM systems. We also present a new dataset recorded with ground truth camera motion in a Vicon motion capture room, and compare our method to prior systems on it and established benchmark datasets.
Reduced parietal connectivity with a premotor writing area in writer's cramp

Writer's cramp is a task‐specific form of dystonia with symptoms characterized by abnormal movements and postures of the hand and arm evident only during writing. Its pathophysiology has been related to faulty sensorimotor integration, abnormal sensory processing, and impaired motor planning. Its symptoms might appear when the computational load of writing pushes a tonically altered circuit outside its operational range. Using resting‐state fMRI, we tested whether writer's cramp patients have altered intrinsic functional connectivity in the premotor–parietal circuit. Sixteen patients with right‐sided writer's cramp and 19 control subjects were studied. We show that writer's cramp patients have reduced connectivity between the superior parietal lobule and a dorsal precentral region that controls writing movements. This difference between patients and controls occurred in the absence of writing and only in the hemisphere contralateral to the affected hand. This finding adds a novel element to the pathophysiological substrate for writer's cramp, namely, task‐independent alterations within a writing‐related circuit. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Early surgical repair of penile fractures: our experience.

OBJECTIVE Fracture of the penis is a relatively rare condition, defined as the rupture of the tumescent corpora cavernosa. The fracture is quite easily recognized, whereas its management remains controversial. Our experience regarding the early treatment of penile fractures is herein reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a 7-year period (1997-2004) 10 patients aged 23 to 42 years, presented with a penile fracture, occurred during coitus. All patients were admitted to the hospital 1 to 10 hours after injury. Diagnosis was made on clinical examination. Six patients referred a snapping sound at the time of injury. Common clinical features included sudden penile pain, detumescence and penile deviation. All patients showed penile haematoma; 3 had scrotal and perineal haematoma as well. None of the patients had urethral bleeding. RESULTS all patients were surgically treated; at the time of surgery unilateral albuginea rupture was found in all cases. With a mean follow-up of 37 months (range 1-78) all cases were able to achieve an adequate erection. No complications, such as deformations, penile plaque, urethral fistula or erectile dysfunction were reported. CONCLUSION Immediate surgical repair in case of penile fracture is recommended in order to obtain better functional outcome and to avoid potential complications.
SNP Array in Hematopoietic Neoplasms: A Review

Cytogenetic analysis is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of hematopoietic neoplasms in current clinical practice. Many hematopoietic malignancies are characterized by structural chromosomal abnormalities such as specific translocations, inversions, deletions and/or numerical abnormalities that can be identified by karyotype analysis or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays offer high-resolution identification of copy number variants (CNVs) and acquired copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH)/uniparental disomy (UPD) that are usually not identifiable by conventional cytogenetic analysis and FISH studies. As a result, SNP arrays have been increasingly applied to hematopoietic neoplasms to search for clinically-significant genetic abnormalities. A large numbers of CNVs and UPDs have been identified in a variety of hematopoietic neoplasms. CNVs detected by SNP array in some hematopoietic neoplasms are of prognostic significance. A few specific genes in the affected regions have been implicated in the pathogenesis and may be the targets for specific therapeutic agents in the future. In this review, we summarize the current findings of application of SNP arrays in a variety of hematopoietic malignancies with an emphasis on the clinically significant genetic variants.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restore Frataxin Expression and Increase Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Enzymes in Friedreich Ataxia Fibroblasts

Dramatic advances in recent decades in understanding the genetics of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA)—a GAA triplet expansion causing greatly reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin—have thus far yielded no therapeutic dividend, since there remain no effective treatments that prevent or even slow the inevitable progressive disability in affected individuals. Clinical interventions that restore frataxin expression are attractive therapeutic approaches, as, in theory, it may be possible to re-establish normal function in frataxin deficient cells if frataxin levels are increased above a specific threshold. With this in mind several drugs and cytokines have been tested for their ability to increase frataxin levels. Cell transplantation strategies may provide an alternative approach to this therapeutic aim, and may also offer more widespread cellular protective roles in FRDA. Here we show a direct link between frataxin expression in fibroblasts derived from FRDA patients with both decreased expression of hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide-mediated toxicity. We demonstrate that normal human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induce both an increase in frataxin gene and protein expression in FRDA fibroblasts via secretion of soluble factors. Finally, we show that exposure to factors produced by human MSCs increases resistance to hydrogen peroxide-mediated toxicity in FRDA fibroblasts through, at least in part, restoring the expression of the hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1. These findings suggest, for the first time, that stem cells may increase frataxin levels in FRDA and transplantation of MSCs may offer an effective treatment for these patients.
Dynamic changes in motivation in collaborative citizen-science projects

Online citizen science projects engage volunteers in collecting, analyzing, and curating scientific data. Existing projects have demonstrated the value of using volunteers to collect data, but few projects have reached the full collaborative potential of scientists and volunteers. Understanding the shared and unique motivations of these two groups can help designers establish the technical and social infrastructures needed to promote effective partnerships. We present findings from a study of the motivational factors affecting participation in ecological citizen science projects. We show that volunteers are motivated by a complex framework of factors that dynamically change throughout their cycle of work on scientific projects; this motivational framework is strongly affected by personal interests as well as external factors such as attribution and acknowledgment. Identifying the pivotal points of motivational shift and addressing them in the design of citizen-science systems will facilitate improved collaboration between scientists and volunteers.