Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Psychogeriatricians ‘Neglect’ Religion? An Antipodean Survey

Background: Religion has been found to be important in the lives of many elderly people, but it has been claimed that psychiatrists ‘neglect’ the religious issues of their patients. This study examines the question: Do psychogeriatricians ‘neglect’ religion in the assessment and treatment of their patients? Method: A sample of 207 psychiatrists with an interest in psychogeriatrics was surveyed using a 14-item questionnaire. Items addressed attitudes and behaviors of psychiatrists towards religion in relation to their clinical practice. Results: Of the 143 (69%) who responded, 43% have no religious affiliation and only 25% participate at least monthly in organized religion. Nevertheless, 85% think that there are links between religion and mental health, and only one respondent stated that psychiatrists should never concern themselves with the religious issues of their patients. A total of 34%, however, had never referred a patient to a pastoral counselor. Training in religious issues is lacking. Conclusions: Psychogeriatricians think that religion is relevant in the assessment and treatment of elderly patients. In view of the lack of training in religious issues, revisions to the psychiatric training curriculum would be appropriate. This would promote dialogue between psychiatrists and religious caregivers.
HST Photometry of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in Coma, and an Explanation for the Alleged Structural Dichotomy between Dwarf and Bright Elliptical Galaxies

As part of a research program exploring how and why dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies depart from the fundamental plane defined by luminous elliptical (E) galaxies, we have analyzed archival Hubble Space Telescope F606W images of a sample of 18 dE galaxy candidates in the Coma Cluster. We model the full radial extent of their light profiles by simultaneously fitting a point-spread function (PSF) convolved Sérsic R1/n model and, when necessary, either a central point source or a central PSF-convolved Gaussian. Nucleation was detected in all but two of our final sample of 15 dE galaxies. When detected, the luminosities of the central component, Lnuc, scale with the host galaxy luminosity Lgal such that Lnuc = 104.76±0.10(Lgal/107)0.87±0.26. We confirm that the light profiles of the underlying host galaxies display systematic departures from an exponential model that are correlated with the model-independent host galaxy luminosity and are not due to biasing from the nuclear component. The Pearson correlation coefficient between log n and central galaxy surface brightness μ0 (excluding the flux from extraneous central components) is -0.83 at a significance level of 99.99%. Excluding one outlier, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the logarithm of the Sérsic index n and the host galaxy magnitude is -0.77 at a significance of 99.9%. We explain the observed relationship between dE galaxy luminosity and the inner logarithmic profile slope γ′ as a by-product of the correlation between luminosity and Sérsic index n. Including, from the literature, an additional 232 dE and E galaxies spanning 10 mag in absolute magnitude M, the dE galaxies are shown to display a continuous sequence with the brighter E galaxies, such that μ0 brightens linearly with M until core formation causes the most luminous (MB ≲ -20.5) E galaxies to deviate from this relation. The different behavior of dE and E galaxies in the M-⟨μ⟩e (and M-μe) diagram and the ⟨μ⟩e–log Re diagram has nothing to do with core formation and is in fact expected from the continuous and linear relation between M and μ0, and M and log n.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: THE ASSOCIATION OF ALEXITHYMIA AND SENSE OF COHERENCE WITH LIFE SATISFACTION IN ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) influences the lives of many of students. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between alexithymia, sense of coherence and life satisfaction in students with ADHD symptoms and normal student. Patients and Methods: This research is a causal-comparative study. The research sample consisting of 47 students with ADHD symptoms and 47 normal students was selected through a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results showed that alexithymia (r = 0.33) and sense of coherence (r = -0.26) were related to life satisfaction in ADHD and normal students. The results of multiple regression showed that alexithymia and sense of coherence explained 20% of the variance in life satisfaction in students. Conclusions: The results show that sense of coherence has positively but alexithymia was negatively related with life satisfaction in ADHD student.
CD 24 þ Ovarian Cancer Cells Are Enriched for Cancer-Initiating Cells and Dependent on JAK 2 Signaling for Growth and Metastasis

Ovarian cancer is known to be composed of distinct populations of cancer cells, some of which demonstrate increased capacity for cancer initiation and/or metastasis. The study of human cancer cell populations is difficult due to long requirements for tumor growth, interpatient variability, and the need for tumor growth in immune-deficient mice. We therefore characterized the cancer initiation capacity of distinct cancer cell populations in a transgenic murine model of ovarian cancer. In this model, conditional deletion of Apc, Pten, and Trp53 in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) results in the generation of high-grade metastatic ovarian carcinomas. Cell lines derived from these murine tumors express numerous putative stem cell markers, including CD24, CD44, CD90, CD117, CD133, and ALDH. We show that CD24þ and CD133þ cells have increased tumor sphere-forming capacity. CD133þ cells demonstrated a trend for increased tumor initiation while CD24þ cells versus CD24 cells had significantly greater tumor initiation and tumor growth capacity. No preferential tumor-initiating or growth capacity was observed for CD44þ, CD90þ, CD117þ, or ALDHþ versus their negative counterparts. We have found that CD24þ cells, compared with CD24 cells, have increased phosphorylation of STAT3 and increased expression of STAT3 target Nanog and c-myc. JAK2 inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation preferentially induced cytotoxicity in CD24þ cells. In vivo JAK2 inhibitor therapy dramatically reduced tumor metastases, and prolonged overall survival. These findings indicate that CD24þ cells play a role in tumor migration and metastasis and support JAK2 as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(7); 1717–27. 2015 AACR.
Speech sound production in 2-year-olds who are hard of hearing.

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to (a) compare the speech sound production abilities of 2-year-old children who are hard of hearing (HH) to children with normal hearing (NH), (b) identify sources of risk for individual children who are HH, and (c) determine whether speech sound production skills at age 2 were predictive of speech sound production skills at age 3. METHOD Seventy children with bilateral, mild-to-severe hearing loss who use hearing aids and 37 age- and socioeconomic status-matched children with NH participated. Children's speech sound production abilities were assessed at 2 and 3 years of age. RESULTS At age 2, the HH group demonstrated vowel production abilities on par with their NH peers but weaker consonant production abilities. Within the HH group, better outcomes were associated with hearing aid fittings by 6 months of age, hearing loss of less than 45 dB HL, stronger vocabulary scores, and being female. Positive relationships existed between children's speech sound production abilities at 2 and 3 years of age. CONCLUSION Assessment of early speech sound production abilities in combination with demographic, audiologic, and linguistic variables may be useful in identifying HH children who are at risk for delays in speech sound production.
Enhancing the Pace of Recovery

Recent work suggests that rumination plays a key role in mediating the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease (Brosschot, Gerin, & Thayer, 2006). People engage in rumination because they believe that understanding their feelings will improve their mood. However, these attempts often backfire, instead maintaining negative affect (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991) and delaying physiological recovery from negative events (Glynn, Christenfeld, & Gerin, 2002)—a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (McEwen, 1998). At first glance, these findings suggest that people should avoid focusing on their negative feelings. However, this prescription contradicts an alternative literature indicating that emotional processing facilitates coping (e.g., Pennebaker & Chung, 2007). Thus, a key question emerges: How can people analyze negative experiences without enhancing their vulnerability to cardiovascular disease? According to a recent proposal (Kross, Ayduk, & Mischel, 2005), whether people’s attempts to understand their negative feelings are adaptive depends on the type of self-perspective they adopt. Research results supported the prediction that analyzing feelings surrounding a negative experience from a selfdistanced perspective (from an observer’s vantage point) leads people to display lower levels of negative affect and rumination than does analyzing such feelings from a self-immersed perspective (from one’s own vantage point; Kross et al., 2005; also see Kross & Ayduk, in press). The current study extends these findings to cardiovascular reactivity. We predicted that participants who adopted a selfdistanced perspective, compared with those who adopted a selfimmersed perspective, would demonstrate smaller increases in blood pressure reactivity both when analyzing their feelings during the experiment and during a recovery period after the experiment was over. METHOD
H/sub /spl infin// control of linear uncertain time-delay systems-a projection approach

The issues of stability and H/sub /spl infin// control of linear systems with time-varying delays are considered. Based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach and on Finsler's projection lemma, delay-dependent sufficient conditions are obtained, in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), for the stability of these systems. These conditions generalize previous results that were derived using either the descriptor approach or the first and the third model transformations. The obtained criteria are extended to deal with: stabilizability, the bounded real lemma and the H/sub /spl infin// state-feedback control.
New Considerations in the Cause of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea

Objective: To examine the demographic and radiographic features of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and to determine whether they display similar characteristics to patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: Academic, tertiary referral center. Patients: All individuals presenting with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, diagnosed between 2000 and 2009, undergoing primary surgical repair. Interventions: All patients underwent surgical repair via a transmastoid, middle fossa, or combined transmastoid-middle fossa approach. Main Outcome Measures: Patient demographics such as age, race, sex, height, weight, and body mass index, the presence of a radiographically empty or partially empty sella, and preoperative radiographic and intraoperative surgical findings of the temporal bone. Results: Twenty-three patients underwent primary surgical repair for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Fifteen patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the head with 12 (80%) demonstrating the presence of an empty or partially empty sella. Mean body mass index of those patients with an empty or partially empty sella was 38.0 kg/m2 compared with 28.5 kg/m2 for those without an empty sella. Conclusion: Patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea are often middle-aged and obese, with females being affected nearly twice as often as males. Empty or partially empty sella was observed in 80% of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea as demonstrated by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea who display these demographic and radiographic features should be further evaluated for the presence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Interference in Visual Recognition

Pictures of common objects, coming slowly into focus, were viewed by adult observers. Recognition was delayed when subjects first viewed the pictures out of focus. The greater or more prolonged the initial blur, the slower the eventual recognition. Interference may be accounted for partly by the difficulty of rejecting incorrect hypotheses based on substandard cues.
Neck model optimization using genetic algorithms with objective function output feedback

This paper presents a method based on genetic algorithms to find a solution for a standard biomechanical problem of human neck loads equilibrium using fourteen muscles at C4/5 level. The method starts from the widely used approach of minimizing intensities per area unit, which requires the feedback of the objective function output, and then minimizing the total force generated by the neck muscles. The results obtained are correlated with results presented in scientific literature. The feedback in the GA process is an innovation that could be applied to other kind of problems.
The nature and use of Icelandic prenuclear and nuclear pitch accents: Evidence from F0 alignment and syllable/segment duration

Two production studies and one perception study were designed to systematically test F0 alignment and segment duration in Icelandic pitch accents with a view to investigating previous claims about the inventory of distinct intonational categories. Four different conditions were tested: (i) prenuclear pitch accents, (ii) nuclear accents in sentence-final position in sentences with either broad focus or (iii) with final narrow focus, and (iv) nuclear narrow focus accents in non-final position. The alignment results are such that (i) prenuclear accents are signalled by a late rise (L*H), while final nuclear accents are signalled by an early rise; (ii) F0 peaks in prefinal nuclear accents are aligned earlier than in prenuclear accents, but later than in final nuclear accents, suggesting a prosodic boundary effect. The duration measurements suggest a positional, but no focus, effect on the duration of the accented syllable and its vowel, such that syllables/vowels earlier in the sentence are longer than later ones.
Review Article Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors

The human genome is epigenetically organized through a series of modifications to the histone proteins that interact with the DNA. In cancer, many of the proteins that regulate these modifications can be altered in both function and expression. One example of this is the family of histone deacetylases (HDACs), which as their name implies remove acetyl groups from the histone proteins, allowing for more condensed nucleosomal structure. HDACs have increased expression in cancer and are also believed to promote carcinogenesis through the acetylation and interaction with key transcriptional regulators. Given this, small molecule histone deacetylases inhibitors have been identified and developed, which not only inhibit HDACs, but can also lead to growth arrest, differentiation, and/or apoptosis in tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we will discuss some of the recent developments in clinical trials utilizing HDACs inhibitors for the treatment of both hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors.
Determination of the Geophysical Model Function of NSCAT and its corresponding variance by the use of Neural Networks

We have computed two geophysical model functions (one for the vertical and one for the horizontal polarization) for the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) by using neural networks. These neural network geophysical model functions (NNGMFs) were estimated with NSCAT scatterometer σO measurements collocated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyzed wind vectors during the period January 15 to April 15, 1997. We performed a student t test showing that the NNGMFs estimate the NSCAT σO with a confidence level of 95%. Analysis of the results shows that the mean NSCAT signal depends on the incidence angle and the wind speed and presents the classical biharmonic modulation with respect to the wind azimuth. NSCAT σO increases with respect to the wind speed and presents a well-marked change at around 7 m s−1. The upwind-downwind amplitude is higher for the horizontal polarization signal than for vertical polarization, indicating that the use of horizontal polarization can give additional information for wind retrieval. Comparison of the σO computed by the NNGMFs against the NSCAT-measured σO show a quite low rms, except at low wind speeds. We also computed two specific neural networks for estimating the variance associated to these GMFs. The variances are analyzed with respect to geophysical parameters. This led us to compute the geophysical signal-to-noise ratio, i.e., Kp. The Kp values are quite high at low wind speed and decrease at high wind speed. At constant wind speed the highest Kp are at crosswind directions, showing that the crosswind values are the most difficult to estimate. These neural networks can be expressed as analytical functions, and FORTRAN subroutines can be provided.
Blood Pressure Control at Rest and during Exercise in Obese Children and Adults

The hemodynamic responses to exercise have been studied to a great extent over the past decades, and an exaggerated blood pressure response during an acute exercise bout has been considered as an indicator of cardiovascular risk. Obesity is a major factor influencing the blood pressure response to exercise since evidence indicates that the arterial pressure response to exercise is exacerbated in obese compared with lean adults. Signs of augmented responses (such as an exaggerated blood pressure response) to physical exertion appear early in life (from the prepubertal years) in obese individuals. Understanding the mechanisms that drive the altered hemodynamic responses during exercise in obese individuals and prevent the progression to hypertension is vitally important. This paper focuses on the evidence linking obesity with alterations of the autonomic nervous system and discusses the potential mechanisms and consequences of the altered sympathetic nervous system behavior in obese individuals at rest and during exercise. Furthermore, this paper presents the alterations in the reflex regulatory mechanisms (“exercise pressor reflex” and baroreflex) in obese children and adults and addresses the effects of training on obesity-related disturbances.
‘I’m not going to cross that line, but how do I get closer to it?’ A hedge fund manager’s perspective on the need for ethical training and theory for finance professionals

Abstract Drawing on a finance professional’s reflections on his ethical education as an economics undergraduate, Chartered Financial Analyst, and top-tier MBA graduate, this article considers the framing of, and need for philosophy in, ethical training for finance professionals. Role-playing is emphasized as helpful for developing a mature ethical approach, and theory is seen as desirable after the fact, to plan improved future action. The article problematizes an orientation in professional programs that primarily gears the teaching of ethics toward those students perceived to be least ethical. This orientation seems to underlie both the education the financial professional received and current public interest in ‘more ethics’ in professional programming. As an alternative, the article reframes finance students and professionals as ethical actors whose primary dilemma (and need for theory in ethical training) concerns not how to avoid ethical transgressions, but how to better optimize the duty to self in order to avoid excessive ethical caution that interferes with achieving the greatest good for the greatest number.
Deciphering the Developmental Dynamics of the Mouse Liver Transcriptome

During development, liver undergoes a rapid transition from a hematopoietic organ to a major organ for drug metabolism and nutrient homeostasis. However, little is known on a transcriptome level of the genes and RNA-splicing variants that are differentially regulated with age, and which up-stream regulators orchestrate age-specific biological functions in liver. We used RNA-Seq to interrogate the developmental dynamics of the liver transcriptome in mice at 12 ages from late embryonic stage (2-days before birth) to maturity (60-days after birth). Among 21,889 unique NCBI RefSeq-annotated genes, 9,641 were significantly expressed in at least one age, 7,289 were differently regulated with age, and 859 had multiple (> = 2) RNA splicing-variants. Factor analysis showed that the dynamics of hepatic genes fall into six distinct groups based on their temporal expression. The average expression of cytokines, ion channels, kinases, phosphatases, transcription regulators and translation regulators decreased with age, whereas the average expression of peptidases, enzymes and transmembrane receptors increased with age. The average expression of growth factors peak between Day-3 and Day-10, and decrease thereafter. We identified critical biological functions, upstream regulators, and putative transcription modules that seem to govern age-specific gene expression. We also observed differential ontogenic expression of known splicing variants of certain genes, and 1,455 novel splicing isoform candidates. In conclusion, the hepatic ontogeny of the transcriptome ontogeny has unveiled critical networks and up-stream regulators that orchestrate age-specific biological functions in liver, and suggest that age contributes to the complexity of the alternative splicing landscape of the hepatic transcriptome.
Estimating the Contributions of Rare and Common Genetic Variations and Clinical Measures to a Model Trait: Adiponectin

Common genetic variation frequently accounts for only a modest amount of interindividual variation in quantitative traits and complex disease susceptibility. Circulating adiponectin, an adipocytokine implicated in metabolic disease, is a model for assessing the contribution of genetic and clinical factors to quantitative trait variation. The adiponectin locus, ADIPOQ, is the primary source of genetically mediated variation in plasma adiponectin levels. This study sought to define the genetic architecture of ADIPOQ in the comprehensively phenotyped Hispanic (n = 1,151) and African American (n = 574) participants from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS). Through resequencing and bioinformatic analysis, rare/low frequency (<5% MAF) and common variants (>5% MAF) in ADIPOQ were identified. Genetic variants and clinical variables were assessed for association with adiponectin levels and contribution to adiponectin variance in the Hispanic and African American cohorts. Clinical traits accounted for the greatest proportion of variance (POV) at 31% (P = 1.16 × 10−47) and 47% (P = 5.82 × 10−20), respectively. Rare/low frequency variants contributed more than common variants to variance in Hispanics: POV = 18% (P = 6.40 × 10−15) and POV = 5% (P = 0.19), respectively. In African Americans, rare/low frequency and common variants both contributed approximately equally to variance: POV = 6% (P = 5.44 × 10−12) and POV = 9% (P = 1.44 × 10−10), respectively. Importantly, single low frequency alleles in each ethnic group were as important as, or more important than, common variants in explaining variation in adiponectin. Cumulatively, these clinical and ethnicity‐specific genetic contributors explained half or more of the variance in Hispanic and African Americans and provide new insight into the sources of variation for this important adipocytokine.