Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facial muscle activation during sleep and its relation to the rapid eye movements of REM sleep

Facial muscle contractions (FMC) are a commonly observed feature during sleep stages in human subjects. Previous studies have associated FMC to emotional expression during waking. Phasic features of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, such as REMs have also been linked to an increase in limbic structure activity with a subsequent relation to emotional dream content. We hypothesized that FMC would be more frequent during REM sleep, and that FMC would correlate with the characteristic REMs of this sleep stage. The present study was designed to evaluate the density per minute of the phasic and sustained FMC of five facial muscles (frontalis, corrugator, orbicularis oculi, zygomatic major left and right) during all sleep stages, and to explore their relation with REMs density in six healthy participants during an 8 h sleep recording. Results showed a significant increase in FMC of all recorded muscles during REM sleep, both in frequency and duration. Additionally, as expected, during REM sleep there was a positive correlation among the facial muscles and between these and REMs. Nevertheless, although associated in number, both features (FMC and REMs) were never simultaneous. Our results suggest that limbic activation during REM sleep may be responsible for the enhancement of facial muscle activity, which may be consistent with the theoretical perspective of a higher emotional activity during REM sleep.
Short-term impact evaluation of a social marketing campaign to prevent syphilis among men who have sex with men.

OBJECTIVES We carried out an independent short-term impact evaluation of a social marketing campaign designed to reduce syphilis infections among men who have sex with men in south Florida in 2004. METHODS Venue-based surveys were conducted shortly after the campaign began and 6 months later to assess changes in exposure to campaign materials, awareness, knowledge about syphilis, perceptions of risk, sexual behavior, clinic visits, and testing and treatment for syphilis among participants. RESULTS Exposure to social marketing campaign materials increased from 18.0% at baseline to 36.5% at follow-up (P< .001). Awareness of syphilis and perceptions of risk increased among Broward County residents but not among Miami-Dade County residents. Risky sexual practices and patterns of recreational drug use did not change. No significant increases in knowledge, clinic visits, or testing or treatment for syphilis among participants were detected over the 6-month study period. CONCLUSIONS None of the campaign objectives were fully met. The interventions were insufficient to produce a significant impact among men who have sex with men in south Florida.
Participation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in the clearance of fibrin from the lung

Hattori, Noboru, Thomas H. Sisson, Yin Xu, Tushar J. Desai, and Richard H. Simon. Participation of urokinasetype plasminogen activator receptor in the clearance of fibrin from the lung. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 21): L573–L579, 1999. —In vitro studies have demonstrated that the binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) to its cell surface receptor (uPAR) greatly accelerates plasminogen activation. However, the role of uPAR in clearing abnormal fibrin deposits from the lung is uncertain. Knowing that uPA binding to uPAR is species specific, we used adenoviral vectors to transfer human or murine uPA genes into human or mouse epithelial cells in vitro and to mouse lungs in vivo. By measuring degradation of fluoresceinlabeled fibrin, we found that uPA lysed fibrin matrices more efficiently when expressed in cells of the same species. A monoclonal antibody that blocks the binding of human uPA to human uPAR suppressed fibrin degradation by human cells expressing human uPA but not murine uPA. Importantly, 3 days after intratracheal delivery of the vectors, mice receiving murine uPA transgenes degraded fibrin matrices formed within their air spaces more efficiently than animals transduced with human uPA genes. These results show that uPA bound to uPAR increases the efficiency of fibrinolysis on epithelial cell surfaces in a biologically relevant fashion.
Beam-Scanning Reflectarray Antennas: A technical overview and state of the art.

A detailed overview of various design methodologies and enabling technologies for beam-scanning reflectarray antennas is presented in this article. Numerous advantages of reflectarrays over reflectors and phased arrays are delineated, and representative beam-scanning reflectarray antenna designs are reviewed. For limited field-of-view beam-scanning systems, utilizing the reflector nature of the reflectarray antenna and the feed-tuning technique can provide a simple solution with good performance. On the other hand, for applications where wideangle scan coverage is required, utilizing the array nature of the reflectarray and the aperture phase-tuning approach are the more suitable choices. There are various enabling technologies available for both design methodologies, making them a suitable choice for the new generation of high-speed, high-gain beam-scanning antennas.
Design methodology of an analog 9-beam squint-free wideband IF multi-beamformer for mmW applications

An intermediate frequency (IF) squinting-free multi-beamforming method is proposed for multi-antenna systems. The proposed approach uses a low-complexity factorization of a true-time-delay (TTD) multi-beam matrix, which is proposed to be realized using an analog integrated circuits approach. A TTD realization of multi-beams at intermediate frequency is achieved following amplification and synchronous down-conversion via the proposed Delay Vandermonde Matrix (DVM) in which matrix elements correspond to the compound phase compensation required for squint-free steering of each radio-frequency beam. True-time-delays are proposed to be efficiently realized on-chip by applying a sparse factorization to the DVM, which leads to a low circuit complexity implementation requiring a significantly lower number of TTD blocks and phase compensations compared to an equivalent direct implementation for a given N number of beams. The proposed method, for 9-beams, leads to a 60% reduction of analog integrated circuit based TTD blocks and phase compensators. The TTD blocks can be realized on chip using active-RC based integrated analog all-pass filters. The proposed multi-beam algorithm and circuit structure is simulated within the frequency range 55–65 GHz to demonstrate squinting-free wide-band multi-beams at millimeter wave carrier frequencies for emerging 5G applications.
Half a century of ECT use in young people: A commentary on Rey and Walter

Objective: Rey and Walter (1997) published a notable review on 396 children and teenagers given electroshock therapy (ECT) between 1942 and 1996. In a contemporary climate of evidence-based medicine and data-driven clinical practice, reappraisal of their observations is defensible. Method: The systematic data collated by Rey and Walter (1997) is examined. Results: Comparisons between a meta-analysis and a review of published ECT literature are discussed.
How tumour necrosis factor blockers interfere with tuberculosis immunity

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in immunity to numerous bacterial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol and etanercept are anti‐TNF agents used to treat a range of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The use of some of these drugs has been linked to reactivation TB. In addition to blocking TNF‐mediated immune responses, some anti‐TNF drugs have been found to interfere with innate immune responses, such as phagolysosomal maturation and monocyte apoptosis, as well as cell‐mediated responses, including interferon‐γ secretion by memory T cells, complement‐mediated lysis of Mtb‐reactive CD8+ T cells and increased regulatory T cell activity. This review summarizes some of the reported effects of TNF blockers on immune cell responses in the context of the observed clinical data on TB reactivation in patients on anti‐TNF therapy.
Bentuk-Bentuk Hubungan Muslim-Non Muslim Selepas Pemelukan Agama: Kajian Kes Dalam Kalangan Mualaf Cina Terengganu

Differences religious affiliations are identified by numerous scholars as one of the main stumbling blocks in the process of integration in the community fertilization Muslim Brothers. Dimensional non-Muslim community relations with the Muslim family members shaping the image of the truth about Islam and the Muslim community, which later gave birth to some form of relationship that is a relationship that is mutually supportive, neutral, tense and akamodasi. About the same applies with regards to the Chinese Muslim and non-Muslims in the state. The strained relationship is the structure most commonly found during the time spent modifying relations in Chinese Muslim people group in the non-Muslim family. The objective of this study is seeing types of relationship that happens in Chinese Muslim communities in non-Muslim communities of origin in the State. This contextual analysis was performed using a qualitative methodology of interviews with over 20 Chinese Muslims who converted to Islam in the state. This study is important for viewing and further unravels the problems faced by many Muslim brothers who face the problems of life with the family of origin. Through inter-religious dialogue is required to approach the Chinese community in the state can live in harmony which is going to be an impression of the interpretation on the generation and society in the decades to come. Perbezaan anutan agama dikenal pasti oleh ramai sarjana sebagai salah satu faktor penghalang kepada proses pemupukan integrasi dalam kalangan komuniti Saudara Muslim. Dimensi hubungan komuniti bukan Muslim dengan ahli keluarga yang Muslim membentuk citra yang sebenarnya tentang agama Islam dan masyarakat Muslim yang selanjutnya melahirkan beberapa bentuk hubungan iaitu hubungan yang bersifat saling menyokong, neutral, tegang dan akamodasi. Perihal yang sama berlaku dalam konteks hubungan Saudara Muslim Cina dan bukan Muslim di negeri Terengganu. Hubungan tegang merupakan bentuk yang paling banyak ditemui dalam proses pembinaan semula hubungan dalam komuniti Saudara Muslim Cina dengan keluarga bukan Muslim. Objektif kajian ini ialah melihatkan bentuk-bentuk hubungan yang berlaku dalam komuniti Saudara Muslim Cina dengan komuniti asal yang bukan Muslim di negeri Terengganu. Kajian kes ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif iaitu dengan temu bual ke atas 20 orang Saudara Muslim Cina yang memeluk agama Islam di negeri Terengganu. Kajian ini penting dilakukan bagi melihat dan seterusnya merungkai permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kebanyakan Saudara Muslim yang menghadapi masalah kehidupan dengan keluarga asal. Melalui pendekatan dialog antara agama diharapkan komuniti Cina di negeri Terengganu dapat hidup secara harmoni yang mana ianya akan menjadi cerminan dan terjemahan pada generasi dan masyarakat pada dekad-dekad yang mendatang.
The effect of color overlays on the reading ability of dyslexic children

Color overlays were found to reduce eyestrain and headaches experienced when reading, improving reading performance. Dyslexic children may benefit from the use of colored overlays; however, ongoing debates question its use on dyslexic children. [1‐3] An uncontrolled experimental study design was used, analyzing the before, and after effects of colored overlays on reading performance using a modified procedure to that of a previous study. [4] Participants, with confirmed diagnosis of dyslexia by the educator, were conveniently selected across three conveniently selected schools for the learning disabled. Information documents explaining the nature of the study and consent forms were presented to the parents of each of the participants. Only forty participants returned with signed consent forms.
Cites and Fights: Material Entailment Analysis of the Eighteenth-century Chemical Revolution

Reprinted from SOCIAL STRUCTURES: A Network Approach, Edited by Barry Wellman and S.D. Berkowitz. 1988. New York: Cambridge University Press Cites and fights: material entailment analysis of the eighteenth-century chemical revolution Douglas R. White and H. Gilman McCann The structural-analytic literature of the past decade indicates that transitivity in social networks is an important concern. However, existing structural analytic methods are frequently unable to deal directly with the substantive and methodological problems posed by transitive relations in social struc- tures (Berkowitz, 1982). These difficulties typically surface in one of two contexts. First, those who model structures through multiple graphs defined onto the same set of elements tend to assume either (1) global transitivity or in- transitivity – that is, the same degree of transitivity obtains throughout the network (Johnsen and McCann, 1982), or (2) that there is a sharp and arbi- trary limit to the graph theoretic distances over which effects travel (Ber- kowitz, Carrington, Kotowitz, and Waverman, 1978). Neither strategy al- lows analysts to examine transitivity, itself, empirically. Second, techniques for examining relations among sets of overlapping attributes or ties are still in their infancy. Once again, transitivity among these sets is typically treated a priori rather than as a substantive or empirical problem. A new technique – Material entailment analysis – allows researchers to model concrete situations in which the degree of transitivity present within social structures defined in either of these ways may be investigated em- pirically. This chapter describes this new technique and outlines ways in which it can be applied to a variety of structural problems in the social sciences. We address the transitivity problem as a special case of the more general issue of orders and partial orders of variables or attributes. Following Nadel (1957), sociologists and anthropologists are often concerned with clusters of attributes in which the presence of one implies the presence of others. To the extent that such an implication is not reciprocated (symmetrical), we have an ordering of the attributes or cultural values. Consequently, a variety of social and cultural domains may be modeled in terms of “if.then” or set-subset relationships among cultural items. One study, for instance, found a partial ordering of basic color terms of the form “if a language has color
Thinking Like a Social Worker: Examining the Meaning of Critical Thinking in Social Work

Critical thinking is frequently used to describe how social workers ought to reason. But how well has this concept helped us to develop a normative description of what it means to think like a social worker? This critical review mines the literature on critical thinking for insight into the kinds of thinking social work scholars consider important. Analysis indicates that critical thinking in social work is generally treated as a form of practical reasoning. Further, epistemological disagreements divide 2 distinct proposals for how practical reasoning in social work should proceed. Although these disagreements have received little attention in the literature, they have important implications for social work practice.
Assessment of two nondestructive assays for detecting glyphosate resistance in horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Abstract Two rapid, nondestructive assays were developed and tested for their potential in differentiating glyphosate-resistant from glyphosate-susceptible biotypes of horseweed. In one assay, leaves of glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible corn, cotton, and soybean plants as well as glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible horseweed plants were dipped in solutions of 0, 300, 600, and 1200 mg ae L−1 glyphosate for 3 d and subsequent injury was evaluated. In the second assay, plant sensitivity to glyphosate was evaluated in vivo by incubating excised leaf disc tissue from the same plants used in the first assay in 0.7, 1.3, 2.6, 5.3, 10.6, 21.1, 42.3, and 84.5 mg ae L−1 glyphosate solutions for 16 h and measuring shikimate levels with a spectrophotometer. The leaf-dip assay differentiated between glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible crops and horseweed biotypes. The 600 mg L−1 rate of glyphosate was more consistent in differentiating resistant and susceptible plants compared with the 300 and 1,200 mg L−1 rates. The in vivo assay detected significant differences between susceptible and glyphosate-resistant plants of all species. Shikimate accumulated in a glyphosate dose-dependent manner in leaf discs from susceptible crops, but shikimate did not accumulate in leaf discs from resistant crops and levels were similar to nontreated leaf discs. Shikimate accumulated at high (≥ 21.1 mg ae L−1) concentrations of glyphosate in leaf discs from all horseweed biotypes. Shikimate accumulated at low glyphosate concentrations (≤ 10.6 mg L−1) in leaf discs from susceptible horseweed biotypes but not in resistant biotypes. Both assays were able to differentiate resistant from susceptible biotypes of horseweed and might have utility for screening other weed populations for resistance to glyphosate. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICA; corn, Zea mays L. ‘Dekalb 687RR’, ‘Pioneer 31B13’; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Delta and Pine Land 444RR’, ‘Suregrow 747’; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Delta and Pine Land 4748’, ‘Asgrow 4702RR’.
Two‐stage first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21 by ultrasound assessment and biochemical testing

This study was carried out to examine the performance of a contingent policy in first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21, in which the estimated risk was first derived by a combination of maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, presence/absence of the nasal bone, blood flow in the ductus venosus or flow across the tricuspid valve, and biochemical testing was carried out only in those who were found to have an intermediate risk. We also examined the performance of a policy in which the estimated risk was first derived by a combination of maternal age and biochemical testing, and ultrasound examination was carried out only in those with an intermediate risk.
The Presence of Fathers in Attenuating Young Male Violence

ABSTRACT Although violent crime is typically viewed as a public safety problem, the sequelae of violent crime can also be viewed as a public health problem, with at least part of its roots aligned with the family. Murder, rape, and assault result in substantial societal costs as well as individual costs. It is suggested here that the prior presence of a residential and biological father inhibits violent behavior in their sons who have grown to adulthood. Data analyzed across the U.S. indicate that father absence, rather than poverty, was a strong predictor of young men's violent behavior. Predictions of violent crime rates based on the level of out-of-wedlock births from the prior generation were superior to predictions that were based on adult violent crime rates and levels of out-of-wedlock births from the same time frame. A consonant pattern was found in cross-national surveys. Accordingly, public health policies which are designed to prevent or to reduce the numbers of violent sons and the incidence of violent crimes and their sequelae should take into account (1) how the presence of social fathers inhibits violent behavior by their sons and (2) how to maximize the opportunities for children to have an ongoing social father.
SocialMatching++: A Novel Approach for Interlinking User Profiles on Social Networks

With the large number of users connected to social networks, screenname duplication is a rising problem, which leads to interference when trying to recognize users. A number of algorithms have been proposed to distinguish user profiles on one or multiple social networks. The main task in this context is to have robust features. According to the state-of-the-art approaches, features can be: content and behavioural based features, that compare content similarity between posts or behaviour similarity (timestamps between posts (behavioural), or overlapping between content (content) for example). Attribute-based features that compare profiles attributes, such as gender, age, location or image. In this paper, we tackle this problem and propose SocialMatching++ a novel approach that leverages: (1) user life events such as graduation, marriage or new job, which used to enhance the behavioural approaches (2) profile biographies, which consist in small paragraphs that users write to comprise arbitrary information about themselves. These are used to enhance the attribute approaches. To evaluate our approach, we conducted experiments on 2,263 different profiles from Facebook matched with 5,694 Twitter users, and compared them with two baseline approaches. Our results show that SocialMatching++ achieves better results compared to the baselines approaches, showing that our system successfully bridges the gap between behavioural and attribute based approaches.
An axiomatic approach for result diversification

Understanding user intent is key to designing an effective ranking system in a search engine. In the absence of any explicit knowledge of user intent, search engines want to diversify results to improve user satisfaction. In such a setting, the probability ranking principle-based approach of presenting the most relevant results on top can be sub-optimal, and hence the search engine would like to trade-off relevance for diversity in the results. In analogy to prior work on ranking and clustering systems, we use the axiomatic approach to characterize and design diversification systems. We develop a set of natural axioms that a diversification system is expected to satisfy, and show that no diversification function can satisfy all the axioms simultaneously. We illustrate the use of the axiomatic framework by providing three example diversification objectives that satisfy different subsets of the axioms. We also uncover a rich link to the facility dispersion problem that results in algorithms for a number of diversification objectives. Finally, we propose an evaluation methodology to characterize the objectives and the underlying axioms. We conduct a large scale evaluation of our objectives based on two data sets: a data set derived from the Wikipedia disambiguation pages and a product database.
Analyzing the QoS criteria from end user's perspective in computational grid environment

To tackle complex and massive number of jobs sent by end users, a powerful and dedicated computational resources are required. Grid computing provides such environment in which applications may run for a quite long time. Therefore, efficient scheduling policy is indispensable. In our previous work, a mechanism named Swift Gap followed by developed completion time rule is introduced. This paper deeply analysis the interactions between the introduced mechanism with the simulated workloads and the objective functions from end user perspective. Three real workloads are simulated; the computational resources vary from workload to another. This analytical paper fully justifies the obtained findings, which is a contributory factor to extend this work in order to further improve the QoS for the end user.