Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attentional biases for angry faces: Relationships to trait anger and anxiety

In two experiments selective attention to angry faces was investigated in relation to trait anger and anxiety. A pictorial emotional Stroop task comparing colour-naming latencies for neutral and angry faces was employed. In Experiment 1 using an unmasked task, individuals scoring high on trait anger showed an attentional bias for angry faces. In Experiment 2, unmasked and masked versions of the task were used. Individuals were selected on low and high trait anxiety, but there was no indication of a relation between attentional bias scores and anxiety. When individuals were subsequently reallocated to groups on the basis of trait anger scores, the high anger group showed an attentional bias for angry faces in the unmasked and the masked task. Results are discussed in relation to recent neurobiological findings from our laboratory, as reflecting an evolutionary-evolved, content-specific response to the facial expression of anger.
Error Correction for Dense Semantic Image Labeling

Pixel-wise semantic image labeling is an important, yet challenging task with many applications. Especially in autonomous driving systems, it allows for a full understanding of the system's surroundings, which is crucial for trajectory planning. Typical approaches to tackle this problem involve either the training of deep networks on vast amounts of images to directly infer the labels or the use of probabilistic graphical models to jointly model the dependencies of the input (i.e. images) and output (i.e. labels). Yet, the former approaches do not capture the structure of the output labels, which is crucial for the performance of dense labeling, and the latter rely on carefully hand-designed priors that require costly parameter tuning via optimization techniques, which in turn leads to long inference times. To alleviate these restrictions, we explore how to arrive at dense semantic pixel labels given both the input image and an initial estimate of the output labels. We propose a parallel architecture that: 1) exploits the context information through a LabelPropagation network to propagate correct labels from nearby pixels to improve the object boundaries, 2) uses a LabelReplacement network to directly replace possibly erroneous, initial labels with new ones, and 3) combines the different intermediate results via a Fusion network to obtain the final per-pixel label. We experimentally validate our approach on two different datasets for semantic segmentation, where we show improvements over the state-of-the-art. We also provide both a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the generated results.
Managing prospect affiliation and rapport in real-life sales encounters

A B S T R A C T Detailed examination of audio recordings of business-to-business `field-sales' encounters are used to report one way in which salespeople elicit verbal expressions of affiliation from their prospective customers — by reciprocating second assessments which affiliate with, trade off and build on prospects' own assessments. This article outlines the prototypical features of these junctures of assessment-affiliation and describes how salespeople can mobilize such assessments to build extended sequences of `rapport' that take the form of adjacent and mutual expressions of substantive verbal affiliation. Consideration is also given to explicating both the interactional basis of these sequences as well as the socially obligating influence such affiliation and rapport can have on sales outcomes.
Effects of concurrent access to multiple ethanol concentrations and repeated deprivations on alcohol intake of alcohol-preferring rats.

BACKGROUND The alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) is a temporary increase in the voluntary intake of ethanol solutions following a period of alcohol deprivation. Multiple deprivations can prolong the expression of an ADE. This study examined the effects of initial deprivation length, concurrent exposure to multiple ethanol concentrations, and number of deprivation exposures on the magnitude and duration of the ADE in alcohol-preferring (P) rats. METHODS Adult female P rats received 24-hr free-choice access to 10, 20, and 30% ethanol and water for 6 weeks. Rats were then randomly assigned to three groups; one group served as a nondeprived control, whereas the other two groups were initially deprived of ethanol for 2 or 8 weeks. The ethanol solutions were restored to both deprived groups for 2 weeks before the groups were deprived of ethanol for another 2 weeks. This cycle was repeated three times for a total of four deprivations. RESULTS After the initial ethanol deprivation period, both deprived groups displayed a similar 2-fold increased ethanol intake (g/Kg/day) during the initial 24-hr period when ethanol was restored. Both deprived groups showed greater than 2-fold increases in intake of the 20 and 30% ethanol solutions after re-exposure. Ethanol consumption returned to baseline levels within 2 weeks, before the subsequent deprivation period. Multiple deprivations increased the magnitude of the ADE over that observed in the first deprivation during the initial 24-hr period of re-exposure and prolonged the duration of the ADE. In addition, repeated deprivations increased ethanol intake in the first 2-hr period of re-exposure and produced blood ethanol levels in excess of 150 mg/100 ml. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the reinforcing and/or aversive effects of alcohol occurred after a single prolonged deprivation and were enhanced with repeated deprivations.
Effects of Ageing on Different Explicit and Implicit Memory Tasks

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ageing on two implicit and two explicit memory tasks. Within each memory category (implicit or explicit), the tasks differed in their reliance on perceptual or conceptual processing. Large age-related differences were found on the two explicit memory tasks, regardless of the perceptual-conceptual difference. Age-related differences were much smaller on the implicit tasks; no differences were found on the perceptual version (word-fragment completion) but older subjects showed less priming on the conceptual version (category production). It is suggested that the dissociation between perceptual and conceptual priming reflects selective age-related impairments of different cortical regions.
“Journey's end”: statistical pathways into offending for adults with specific learning difficulties

Purpose – The aim of this study is to understand how social barriers might result in people with specific learning difficulties coming in contact with the criminal justice system in the UK. The study seeks to apply the social model of disability to conceptualise a statistical relationship between socio‐economic status and key life events for people with specific learning difficulties (i.e. diagnosis, educational achievements, and employment). Design/methodology/approach – A cluster sample was used to obtain statistical data from a questionnaire based survey. The study collected quantitative and qualitative data on the life experiences of people with specific learning difficulties (n=77). The paper analyses the quantitative data and discovers statistically significant relationships (p≤0.05) concerning socio‐economic status, specific learning difficulties and crime.Findings – Within the data findings age of diagnosis is significantly (p≤0.00) affected when comparing socio‐economic status with the offender an.
‘Improving ratings’: audit in the British University system

This paper gives an anthropological comment on what has been called the ‘audit explosion’, the proliferation of procedures for evaluating performance. In higher education the subject of audit (in this sense) is not so much the education of the students as the institutional provision for their education. British universities, as institutions, are increasingly subject to national scrutiny for teaching, research and administrative competence. In the wake of this scrutiny comes a new cultural apparatus of expectations and technologies. While the metaphor of financial auditing points to the important values of accountability, audit does more than monitor—it has a life of its own that jeopardizes the life it audits. The runaway character of assessment practices is analysed in terms of cultural practice. Higher education is intimately bound up with the origins of such practices, and is not just the latter day target of them. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of CT and CT Angiography Source Images With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Patients With Acute Stroke Within 6 Hours After Onset

Background and Purpose— Although stroke MRI has advantages over other diagnostic imaging modalities in acute stroke patients, most of these individuals are admitted to emergency units without MRI facilities. There is a need for an accurate diagnostic tool that rapidly and reliably detects hemorrhage, extent of ischemia, and vessel status and potentially estimates tissue at risk. We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of non–contrast-enhanced CT, CT angiography (CTA), and CTA source images (CTA-SI, showing early parenchymal contrast enhancement) in comparison with a multiparametric stroke MRI protocol in patients with acute stroke within 6 hours after onset. Methods— Non–contrast-enhanced CT, CTA, stroke MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and MR angiography (MRA) were performed in patients with symptoms of acute stroke within 6 hours after onset. We analyzed infarct volumes on days 1 and 5 as shown on CTA-SI, DWI, and T2-weighted images (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Spearman tests), estimated the collateral status, and assessed clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Scandinavian Stroke Scale). Results— We analyzed the data of 20 stroke patients who underwent CT and MRI scanning within 6 hours (mean, 2.83 and 3.38 hours, respectively). Vessel occlusion was present in 16 of 20 patients. CTA-SI volumes did not differ from DWI volumes (P =0.601). Furthermore, the CTA-SI lesion volumes significantly correlated with the initial DWI lesion volumes (P <0.0001, r =0.922) and with outcome lesion volumes (P =0.013 r =0.736). Patients with poor collaterals experienced infarct growth (P =0.0058) and had a significantly worse clinical outcome (all P <0.012); patients with good collaterals did not (P =0.176). Conclusions— The combination of non–contrast-enhanced CT (exclusion of intracranial hemorrhage), CTA (vessel status), and early contrast-enhanced CTA-SI (demarcation of irreversible infarct) allows diagnostic assessment of acute stroke with a quality comparable to that of stroke MRI. Furthermore, it is possible to distinguish patients at risk of infarct growth from those who are not according to the collateral status, in analogy with the stroke MRI mismatch concept.
Family and Work Influences on the Transition to College Among Latina Adolescents

This study investigates the effect of family obligations and part-time work on Latina adolescents' stress and academic achievement during the transition to college. One hundred seventeen Latina college students from immigrant families completed surveys assessing the mother-daughter relationship, family obligations, work-school conflict, school and work-related stress, and academic achievement. Path analyses revealed a complex set of relations among family, work, and school variables. Latina students who spent more time with family experienced lower school stress and higher academic achievement. However, those who more frequently engaged in language brokering (i.e., translating for parents) experienced higher school stress. In addition, students experiencing higher levels of work-school conflict had increased stress levels in work and school, as well as lower academic achievement. This study has important implications for educators and community-based organizations wishing to promote Latina adolescents' pursuit of higher education.
Assessment of the mutagenic, recombinogenic, and carcinogenic potential of amphotericin B in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Amphotericin B (AmB) is an antifungal antibiotic extracted from Streptomyces nodosus. Its fungicidal activity depends primarily on its binding to the sterol group that is present in fungal membranes. In view of the toxicity of this drug, the purpose of this study was to evaluate its mutagenic, carcinogenic, and recombinogenic activity, based on the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and the epithelial tumor detection test (wts) applied to Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae were chronically treated with different concentrations of AmB (0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 mg/mL). The results revealed that AmB is a promutagen exhibiting increase in the number of spots on individuals from high bioactivation (HB) cross with a high level of cytochrome P450. The results also indicate that the main genotoxic event induced by AmB is recombinogenicity. Homologous recombination can act as a determinant at different stages of carcinogenesis. For verification of carcinogenic potential of this compound, larvae from the wts/mwh and wts/ORR, flr3 were treated with the same three AmB concentrations used in the SMART assay. The results did not provide evidence that AmB has carcinogenic potential in wts/mwh individuals. However, individuals from wts/ORR, flr3 developed tumors at the highest concentration tested.
Assembly bias in the clustering of dark matter haloes

We use a very large simulation of structure growth in a Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) universe – the Millennium Simulation – to study assembly bias, the fact that the large-scale clustering of haloes of given mass varies significantly with their assembly history. We extend earlier work based on the same simulation by superposing results for redshifts from 0 to 3, by defining a less noisy estimator of clustering amplitude, and by considering halo concentration, substructure mass fraction and spin, as well as formation time, as additional parameters. These improvements lead to results with less noise than previous studies and covering a wider range of halo masses and structural properties. We find significant and significantly different assembly bias effects for all the halo properties we consider, although in all cases the dependencies on halo mass and on redshift are adequately described as a dependence on equivalent peak height ν(M, z). The ν-dependencies for different halo properties differ qualitatively and are not related as might naively be expected given the relations between formation time, concentration, substructure fraction and spin found for the halo population as a whole. These results suggest that it will be difficult to build models for the galaxy populations of dark haloes which can robustly relate the amplitude of large-scale galaxy clustering to that for mass clustering at better than the 10 per cent level.
Learning and retention of a daily activity schedule in a patient with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome

Abstract This study examined the ability of a memory-impaired patient with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome to learn and retain a schedule of daily activities. A letter-fragment cueing method was used as a teaching technique. Despite evidence of severe frontal lobe deficits and high levels of anxiety the patient showed a strong learning effect relative to baseline. In addition, considerable retention after termination of training was evident. When the activity schedule was altered, the patient learned the new information without direct training. Results are discussed in terms of the reported rigidity of domain-specific learning, the influence of mood states, and the spontaneous use of memory techniques.
Managing the complexity of communication: regulation of gap junctions by post-translational modification

Gap junctions are comprised of connexins that form cell-to-cell channels which couple neighboring cells to accommodate the exchange of information. The need for communication does, however, change over time and therefore must be tightly controlled. Although the regulation of connexin protein expression by transcription and translation is of great importance, the trafficking, channel activity and degradation are also under tight control. The function of connexins can be regulated by several post translational modifications, which affect numerous parameters; including number of channels, open probability, single channel conductance or selectivity. The most extensively investigated post translational modifications are phosphorylations, which have been documented in all mammalian connexins. Besides phosphorylations, some connexins are known to be ubiquitinated, SUMOylated, nitrosylated, hydroxylated, acetylated, methylated, and γ-carboxyglutamated. The aim of the present review is to summarize our current knowledge of post translational regulation of the connexin family of proteins.
What is a critical journal?

Most competent editors should be able to make a clear statement about the scope, purposes and values of their journal. The boundary that they then draw provides a ground for justifications of acceptance and rejection, as well as a description of some sort of community, or a group that broadly recognizes itself as such. Sometimes, the community might be primarily articulated as oppositional, in the sense that it relies on not being something else. Organization, as a ‘critical’ journal with a strong statement about its distinctiveness, often seems to fall into this category. Implicitly or explicitly, ‘they’ are conservative whilst ‘we’ are radical. One term is defined by its other, and so a description of the conservatives is the antonym of the radicals. There is something comforting, even pious, about such a logic, suggesting, perhaps, that ‘they’ are stupid, narrow minded or deluded whilst ‘we’ are clear sighted and pure of heart. The logic is reversible of course, since the other side usually claims those virtues too. Such is the way that community and identity are often built, but it’s an unstable set-up.
[Respiratory Rate - a Neglected Vital Sign].

Atemfrequenz vernachlässigt Im Vergleich zu Blutdruck, Herzfrequenz und Temperatur muss die Atemfrequenz als eine im klinischen Alltag vernachlässigte Größe angesehen werden [1]. Obwohl die prognostische Bedeutung der Atemfrequenz zur Einschätzung der Schwere von akuten kardiorespiratorischen Erkrankungen mittlerweile vielfach bestätigt wurde, wird sie in der Notaufnahme oder auf der Normalstation immer noch vergleichsweise selten gemessen. Erscheint uns der Aufwand der Messung zu hoch oder wird die klinische Bedeutung der Atemfrequenz weiterhin unterschätzt bzw. nicht erkannt?
The Implications of Immigration for the Training of Social Work Professionals in Spain

Enrique Rebolloso Pacheco is Professor of Social Psychology and Programme Evaluation in the Department of Human and Social Sciences (Area of Social Psychology) at the University of Almeria, Spain, and Director of the 'Quality and Research Evaluation Unit' at the same university. He has published several books and articles on programme evaluation and quality management in Higher Education from a psychosocial perspective, and had directed diverse projects on migration topics, mainly focusing on programme evaluation and discourse analysis. He has been Visiting Professor at several universities in the USA.
Emotional and cognitive processing in empathy and moral behavior

Within the perception-action framework, the underlying mechanisms of empathy and its related processes of moral behavior need to be investigated. fMRI studies have shown different frontal cortex activation patterns during automatic processing and judgment tasks when stimuli have moral content. Clinical neuropsychological studies reveal different patterns of empathic alterations after dorsolateral versus orbital frontal cortex damage, related to deficient cognitive and emotional processing. These processing streams represent different neural levels and mechanisms underlying empathy.
Comparisons of computed tomography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography and standing low-field magnetic resonance imaging in horses with lameness localised to the foot. Part 2: Lesion identification.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY No previous study compares computed tomography (CT), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and standing low-field magnetic resonance imaging (LFMRI) to detect lesions in horses with lameness localised to the foot. This study will help clinicians understand the limitations of these techniques. OBJECTIVES To determine if CT, CECT and LFMRI would identify lesions within the distal limb and document discrepancies with lesion distribution and lesion classification. METHODS Lesions in specific structures identified on CT and MR images of feet (31 limbs) from the same horse were reviewed and compared. Distributions of lesions were compared using a Chi-squared test and techniques analysed using the paired marginal homogeneity test for concordance. RESULTS Lesions of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) were most common and CT/CECT identified more lesions than LFMRI. Deep digital flexor tendon lesions seen on LFMRI only were frequently distal to the proximal extent of the distal sesamoid and DDFT lesions seen on CT/CECT only were frequently proximal to the distal sesamoid. Lesions identified on LFMRI only were core (23.3%) or splits (43.3%), whereas lesions identified only on CT were abrasions (29.8%), core (15.8%), enlargement (15.8%) or mineralisation (12.3%). Contrast-enhanced CT improved lesion identification at the DDFT insertion compared to CT and resulted in distal sesamoidean impar ligament and collateral sesamoidean ligament vascular enhancement in 75% of cases. Low-field MRI and CT/CECT failed to identify soft tissue mineralisation and bone oedema, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Multiple lesions are detected with CT, CECT and LFMRI but there is variability in lesion detection and classification. LFMRI centred only on the podotrochlear apparatus may fail to identify lesions of the pastern or soft tissue mineralisation. Computed tomography may fail to identify DDFT lesions distal to the proximal border of the distal sesamoid.
Rhetoric and reality of daily life in English care homes: the role of organised activities

In divergent ways, both government policy and care home practices influence the everyday life of older people living in English care homes. The rhetoric of choice for care home residents may be in conflict with the reality of government policy-driven service delivery. The aim of the article is to examine the role of organised activities in facilitating choice and active ageing among care home residents. Findings from a study of ten care homes in South East England exemplify the conflict between government policy rhetoric and the reality of care home life. The indication is that the formality of the ’’activities of daily living’’ support procedures restricts residents’ involvement in the organised social activities.Within the general provision of services, the organised ’’social activities’’ offered failed to meet the interest, cognitive and physical abilities of residents. The reality of ’’choice’’ is therefore questionable. Policy needs to support a transformation in the delivery of care to ensure it addresses the actual needs and expectations of older people experiencing care home life.
Stage Financing and the Role of Convertible Debt

A granulator for synthetic plastic and other material such as cans made of thin steel or aluminum in which, instead of one screen to permit the exit from the machine of material cut to size, a second screen is also provided, the second screen being mounted adjacent the inlet side of the cutting element of the granulator and at the bottom of a vertical chute for feeding materials to the granulator.
Effect of temperature and water activity on in vitro germination of Monilinia spp.

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of temperature (0–38°C) and water activity (aw: 0·87–0·99) on the lag phase prior to germination and the percentage of germination over time for Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia fructigena.