Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Tumor Angiogenesis Using MR Imaging Contrast Agent Gd-DTPA-anti-VEGF Receptor 2 Antibody Conjugate in a Mouse Tumor Model

Objective To visualize tumor angiogenesis using the MRI contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-anti-VEGF receptor 2 antibody conjugate, with a 4.7-Tesla MRI instrument in a mouse model. Materials and Methods We designed a tumor angiogenesis-targeting T1 contrast agent that was prepared by the bioconjugation of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) antibody. The specific binding of the agent complex to cells that express VEGFR2 was examined in cultured murine endothelial cells (MS-1 cells) with a 4.7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Angiogenesis-specific T1 enhancement was imaged with the Gd-DTPA-anti-VEGFR2 antibody conjugate using a CT-26 adenocarcinoma tumor model in eight mice. As a control, the use of the Gd-DTPA-anti-rat immunoglobulin G (Gd-DTPA-anti-rat IgG) was imaged with a tumor model in eight mice. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. Tumor tissue was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results The Gd-DTPA-anti-VEGFR2 antibody conjugate showed predominant binding to cultured endothelial cells that expressed a high level of VEGFR2. Signal enhancement was approximately three-fold for in vivo T1-weighted MR imaging with the use of the Gd-DTPA-anti-VEGFR2 antibody conjugate as compared with the Gd-DTPA-rat IgG in the mouse tumor model (p < 0.05). VEGFR2 expression in CT-26 tumor vessels was demonstrated using immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion MR imaging using the Gd-DTPA-anti-VEGFR2 antibody conjugate as a contrast agent is useful in visualizing noninvasively tumor angiogenesis in a murine tumor model.
Caring potentials in the shadows of power, correction, and discipline—Forensic psychiatric care in the light of the work of Michel Foucault

The aim of this article is to shed light on contemporary forensic psychiatric care through a philosophical examination of the empirical results from two lifeworld phenomenological studies from the perspective of patients and carers, by using the French philosopher Michel Foucault's historical–philosophical work. Both empirical studies were conducted in a forensic psychiatric setting. The essential results of the two empirical studies were reexamined in a phenomenological meaning analysis to form a new general structure in accordance with the methodological principles of Reflective Lifeworld Research. This general structure shows how the caring on the forensic psychiatric wards appears to be contradictory, in that it is characterized by an unreflective (non-)caring attitude and contributes to an inconsistent and insecure existence. The caring appears to have a corrective approach and thus lacks a clear caring structure, a basic caring approach that patients in forensic psychiatric services have a great need of. To gain a greater understanding of forensic psychiatric caring, the new empirical results were further examined in the light of Foucault's historical–philosophical work. The philosophical examination is presented in terms of the three meaning constituents: Caring as correction and discipline, The existence of power, and Structures and culture in care. The philosophical examination illustrates new meaning nuances of the corrective and disciplinary nature of forensic psychiatric care, its power, and how this is materialized in caring, and what this does to the patients. The examination reveals embedded difficulties in forensic psychiatric care and highlights a need to revisit the aim of such care.
The Sensitivity of Massively Parallel Sequencing for Detecting Candidate Infectious Agents Associated with Human Tissue

Massively parallel sequencing technology now provides the opportunity to sample the transcriptome of a given tissue comprehensively. Transcripts at only a few copies per cell are readily detectable, allowing the discovery of low abundance viral and bacterial transcripts in human tissue samples. Here we describe an approach for mining large sequence data sets for the presence of microbial sequences. Further, we demonstrate the sensitivity of this approach by sequencing human RNA-seq libraries spiked with decreasing amounts of an RNA-virus. At a modest depth of sequencing, viral transcripts can be detected at frequencies less than 1 in 1,000,000. With current sequencing platforms approaching outputs of one billion reads per run, this is a highly sensitive method for detecting putative infectious agents associated with human tissues.
The effects of racial group membership and cognitive load on empathy and helping behaviour

Research suggests that people feel more empathy for racial in-group compared to racial outgroup members, and in some circumstances, are more likely to help racial inthan out-group members. Furthermore, there is evidence that cognitive load may also attenuate helping behavior. Research is yet to establish the influence of both racial group membership and cognitive load on empathy and helping, however. In this study, a sample of 104 women (52 Black and 52 White) completed either a Low or a High cognitive load task and then viewed video clips depicting racial inand out-group members in distress. I measured participants’ selfreported empathy, physiological activity, and willingness to help those in distress. The results did not show the expected racial bias in empathic responding, but rather, indicated heightened empathy (seen in both self-reported and physiological responses) for the Black target individual, regardless of participant race. Secondly, although cognitive load did not influence empathic responding, participants in the High Load condition were less likely to offer help than participants in the Low Load condition. Finally, correlation data suggest that racial group membership and cognitive load contributed to the associations between individual differences (i.e., in ethnic identification, motivations to respond without prejudice, and trait empathy), empathic responding, and helping behavior. Overall, the findings contribute to a growing literature on cross-racial empathy, and highlight the complex physiology underlying our empathy for others.
Reducing workplace burnout: the relative benefits of cardiovascular and resistance exercise

Objectives. The global burden of burnout cost is in excess of $300 billion annually. Locally, just under half of working Australians experience high levels of occupational burnout. Consequently, burnout interventions are paramount to organisational productivity. Exercise has the potential to provide a multilevel and cost effective burnout intervention. The current study aims to extend the literature by comparing cardiovascular with resistance exercise to assess their relative effectiveness against well-being, perceived stress, and burnout. Design. Participants were 49 (36 females and 13 males) previously inactive volunteers ranging in age from 19 to 68 that completed a four week exercise program of either cardiovascular, resistance, or no exercise (control). Randomised control trial design was employed. Method. Participants were measured against the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results. After four weeks of exercise participants had greater positive well-being and personal accomplishment, and concomitantly less psychological distress, perceived stress, and emotional exhaustion. Cardiovascular exercise was found to increase well-being and decrease psychological distress, perceived stress, and emotional exhaustion. Resistance training was noticeably effective in increasing well-being and personal accomplishment and to reduce perceived stress. The present findings revealed large effect sizes suggesting that exercise may be an effective treatment for burnout. However, given a small sample size further research needs to be conducted. Conclusion. Exercise has potential to be an effective burnout intervention. Different types of exercise may assist employees in different ways. Organisations wishing to proactively reduce burnout can do so by encouraging their employees to access regular exercise programs.
Polarization of naive T cells into Th1 or Th2 by distinct cytokine‐driven murine dendritic cell populations: implications for immunotherapy

Dendritic cells (DCs) activate T cells and regulate their differentiation into T helper cell type 1 (Th1) and/or Th2 cells. To identify DCs with differing abilities to direct Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, we cultured mouse bone marrow progenitors in granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM), GM + interleukin (IL)‐4, or GM + IL‐15 and generated three distinct DC populations. The GM + IL‐4 DCs expressed high levels of CD80/CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and produced ow levels of IL‐12p70. GM and GM + IL‐15 DCs expressed low levels of CD80/CD86 and MHC class II. The GM + IL‐15 DCs produced high levels of IL‐12p70 and interferon (IFN)‐γ, whereas GM DCs produced only high levels of IL‐12p70. Naive T cells stimulated with GM + IL‐4 DCs secreted high levels of IL‐4 and IL‐5 in addition to IFN‐γ. In contrast, the GM + IL‐15 DCs induced higher IFN‐γ production by T cells with little or no Th2 cytokines. GM DCs did not induce T cell polarization, despite producing large amounts of IL‐12p70 following activation. A similar pattern of T cell activation was observed after in vivo administration of DCs. These data suggest that IL‐12p70 production alone, although necessary for Th1 differentiation, is not sufficient to induce Th1 responses. These studies have implications for the use of DC‐based vaccines in immunotherapy of cancer and other clinical conditions.
On the importance of time—a temporal representation of sound

5 1 INTRODUCTION The human auditory system has an amazing ability to separate and understand sounds. We believe that temporal information plays a key role in this ability, more important than the spectral information that is traditionally emphasized in hearing science. In many hearing tasks, such as describing or classifying single sound sources, the underlying mathematical equivalence makes the temporal versus spectral argument moot. We show how the nonlinear-ity of the auditory system breaks this equivalence, and is especially important in analyzing complex sounds from multiple sources of different characteristics. The auditory system is inherently nonlinear. In a linear system, the component frequencies of a signal are unchanged, and it is easy to characterize the amplitude and phase changes caused by the system. The cochlea and the neural processing that follow are more interesting. The bandwidth of a cochlear " filter " changes at different sound levels, and neurons change their sensitivity as they adapt to sounds. Inner Hair Cells (IHC) produce nonlinear rectified versions of the sound, generating new frequencies such as envelope components. All of these changes make it difficult to describe auditory perception in terms of the spectrum or Fourier transform of a sound. One characteristic of an auditory signal that is undisturbed by most nonlinear transformations is the periodicity information in the signal. Even if the bandwidth, amplitude, and phase characteristics of a signal are changing, the repetitive characteristics do not. In addition, it is very unlikely that a periodic signal could come from more than one source. Thus the auditory system can safely assume that sound fragments with a consistent periodicity can be combined and assigned to a single source. Consider, for example, a sound formed by opening and closing the glottis four times and filtering the resulting puffs of air with the vocal resonances. After nonlinear processing the lower auditory nervous system will still detect four similar events which will be heard and integrated as coming from a voice. The duplex theory of pitch perception, proposed by Licklider in 1951 [11] as a unifying model of pitch perception, is even more useful as a model for the extraction and representation of temporal structure for both periodic and non-periodic signals. This theory produces a movie-like image of sound which is called a correlogram. We believe that the correlogram, like other representations that summarize the temporal information in a signal, is an important tool for understanding …
DDA3 recruits microtubule depolymerase Kif2a to spindle poles and controls spindle dynamics and mitotic chromosome movement

Dynamic turnover of the spindle is a driving force for chromosome congression and segregation in mitosis. Through a functional genomic analysis, we identify DDA3 as a previously unknown regulator of spindle dynamics that is essential for mitotic progression. DDA3 depletion results in a high frequency of unaligned chromosomes, a substantial reduction in tension across sister kinetochores at metaphase, and a decrease in the velocity of chromosome segregation at anaphase. DDA3 associates with the mitotic spindle and controls microtubule (MT) dynamics. Mechanistically, DDA3 interacts with the MT depolymerase Kif2a in an MT-dependent manner and recruits Kif2a to the mitotic spindle and spindle poles. Depletion of DDA3 increases the steady-state levels of spindle MTs by reducing the turnover rate of the mitotic spindle and by increasing the rate of MT polymerization, which phenocopies the effects of partial knockdown of Kif2a. Thus, DDA3 represents a new class of MT-destabilizing protein that controls spindle dynamics and mitotic progression by regulating MT depolymerases.
Decreased Autophagy Contributes to Myocardial Dysfunction in Rats Subjected to Nonlethal Mechanical Trauma

Autophagy is important in cells for removing damaged organelles, such as mitochondria. Insufficient autophagy plays a critical role in tissue injury and organ dysfunction under a variety of pathological conditions. However, the role of autophagy in nonlethal traumatic cardiac damage remains unclear. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether nonlethal mechanical trauma may result in the change of cardiomyocyte autophagy, and if so, to determine whether the changed myocardial autophagy may contribute to delayed cardiac dysfunction. Male adult rats were subjected to nonlethal traumatic injury, and cardiomyocyte autophagy, cardiac mitochondrial function, and cardiac function in isolated perfused hearts were detected. Direct mechanical traumatic injury was not observed in the heart within 24 h after trauma. However, cardiomyocyte autophagy gradually decreased and reached a minimal level 6 h after trauma. Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction was observed by cardiac radionuclide imaging 6 h after trauma, and cardiac dysfunction was observed 24 h after trauma in the isolated perfused heart. These were reversed when autophagy was induced by administration of the autophagy inducer rapamycin 30 min before trauma. Our present study demonstrated for the first time that nonlethal traumatic injury caused decreased autophagy, and decreased autophagy may contribute to post-traumatic organ dysfunction. Though our study has some limitations, it strongly suggests that cardiac damage induced by nonlethal mechanical trauma can be detected by noninvasive radionuclide imaging, and induction of autophagy may be a novel strategy for reducing posttrauma multiple organ failure.
Unexplained mortalities of hatchery-reared, juvenile oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)

Survival. growth and pathology of juvenile oysters. Crassostrea virginica. in off-bottom culture at Oyster Bay and Fishers Island, New York, were monitored during the summer of 1991 to document and help explain the episodic mass mortalities of cultured seed oysters that have occurred in the northeastern USA over the past several years . Al Oyster Bay. where the more detailed study was conducted . 54 to 7So/o losses affected several 1991 cohorts at mean shell heights ranging from IS to 24 mm, within 3 to 6V, weeks of transfer from the hatchery to growout trays . Mortalities occurred in July and August, at temperatures between 22 and 25°C , and were reduced significantly at low stocking densiucs . Deaths were associated with reduced tissue and shell growth. reduced condition index, mantle retraction, the deposition of an abnom1al conchiolin layer on the inner shell, and lesions of the mantle surface. No obvious pathogen was identified in soft tissues or shells by light or electron microscopy. The pathology suggested that a LOitin-producing agent of bacterial or microalgal origin. or chemical contaminant. caused mantle retraction and secretion of anomalous conchiolin as a defense mechanism. Two potential agents were recognized. Bacteria were found in mantle lesions and within the abnormal conchiolin sheet, but not consistently and with <30% prevalence; il is not clear whether these were primary or secondary invaders . Blooms of a large dinoflagellate, Gyn111odi11i11m sang11i11e11m. occurred at peak densities of 5 x I 05 cells 11 at the time of initial oyster mortalities. although the species is not known to be toxic to bivalves. Follow up studies are planned to identify the etiological agent and culture methods that minimize losses.
Automatic Selection of Partitioning Variables for Small Multiple Displays

Effective small multiple displays are created by partitioning a visualization on variables that reveal interesting conditional structure in the data. We propose a method that automatically ranks partitioning variables, allowing analysts to focus on the most promising small multiple displays. Our approach is based on a randomized, non-parametric permutation test, which allows us to handle a wide range of quality measures for visual patterns defined on many different visualization types, while discounting spurious patterns. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on scatterplots of real-world, multidimensional datasets.
Binding to cadherins antagonizes the signaling activity of beta-catenin during axis formation in Xenopus

beta-Catenin, a cytoplasmic protein known for its association with cadherin cell adhesion molecules, is also part of a signaling cascade involved in embryonic patterning processes such as the determination of the dorsoventral axis in Xenopus and determination of segment polarity in Drosophila. Previous studies suggest that increased cytoplasmic levels of beta-catenin correlate with signaling, raising questions about the need for in- teraction with cadherins in this process. We have tested the role of the beta-catenin-cadherin interaction in axis formation. Using beta-catenin deletion mutants, we demonstrate that significant binding to cadherins can be eliminated without affecting the signaling activity. Also, depletion of the soluble, cytosolic pool of beta-catenin by binding to overexpressed C-cadherin completely inhibited beta-catenin-inducing activity. We conclude that binding to cadherins is not required for beta-catenin signaling, and therefore the signaling function of beta-catenin is independent of its role in cell adhesion. Moreover, because beta-catenin signaling is antagonized by binding to cadherins, we suggest that cadherins can act as regulators of the intracellular beta-catenin signaling pathway.
Empathy Is a Protective Factor of Burnout in Physicians: New Neuro-Phenomenological Hypotheses Regarding Empathy and Sympathy in Care Relationship

Burnout is a multidimensional work-related syndrome that is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization—or cynicism—and diminution of personal accomplishment. Burnout particularly affects physicians. In medicine as well as other professions, burnout occurrence depends on personal, developmental-psychodynamic, professional, and environmental factors. Recently, it has been proposed to specifically define burnout in physicians as “pathology of care relationship. ” That is, burnout would arise, among the above-mentioned factors, from the specificity of the care relationship as it develops between the physician and the patient. Accordingly, experimental studies and theoretical approaches have suggested that burnout and empathy, which is one of the most important skills in physicians, are closely linked. However, the nature of the relation between burnout and empathy remains not yet understood, as reflected in the variety of theoretical and contradictory hypotheses attempting to causally relate these two phenomena. Firstly, we here question the epistemological problem concerning the modality of the burnout-empathy link. Secondly, we hypothesize that considering the multidimensional features of both burnout and empathy, on one hand, and on the other hand, the distinction between empathy and sympathy enables to overcome these contradictions and, consequently, gives a better understanding of the relationship between burnout and empathy in physicians. Thirdly, we propose that clarifying the link between burnout, empathy and sympathy would enable developing specific training in medical students and continuous professional formation in senior physicians and would potentially contribute to the prevention of burnout in medical care.
Dynamics of two-sign point vortices in positive and negative temperature states

The characteristic features of a two-sign point vortex system in positive and negative temperature states are examined by massive numerical simulations using MDGRAPE-2. The temperature is determined by a density of states for a microcanonical ensemble consisting of randomly generated $10^7$ states. Since the density of states has a single peak, the system has negative temperature states. The distributions of vortices in time-asymptotic equilibrium states in positive and negative temperature are obtained by time-development simulations. In positive temperature, both-sign vortices mix with each other and neutralize. In negative temperature, part of the vortices condense and form clumps exclusively consisting of the same-sign vortices, while the other part of the vortices distribute uniformly outside the clumps. It is found that the vortices inside the clumps gain energy and the vortices outside the clumps lose energy to keep the total energy constant. This suggests the common and essential role of the background vortices in the energy-conserving system that assists the formation of the clumps as well as the crystallization and generation of the symmetric configuration observed in the non-neutral plasma experiments.
Subtractive Neuro-Fuzzy modeling techniques applied to short essay auto- grading problem

Automated Essay Grading (AEG) systems that are currently available use different techniques to extract specific written dimensions features to assess the written prose. Several Neuro-Fuzzy approaches have been applied to try to solve the short essay AEG problem. The main idea behind this approach is to identify the number of main keywords (5 inputs) each of which has 4 synonyms based on specific constraints. These inputs have been processed by developing two general models including; Artificial Neural Network Back-propagation optimization technique and Subtractive Clustering technique. Furthermore a third general model have developed to incorporate more main keywords by processing double the number of previous models input, single output with specific constraints by combining Subtractive clustering and Neuro Fuzzy techniques. The Sub-Clustering Neuro Fuzzy model could be used for a variable number of inputs. More than 900 generated datasets have been used representing questions related to information technology field. The correlation coefficient have been used to measure the agreements between the actual and predicted marks of the models, and used two error measures including; Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) to indicate the performance of the developed models. The average results obtained from all three general models indicates the suitability and adequacy of the developed models to solve the short essay AEG problem and shows that the preliminary results are promising.