Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Time Course of Lesion Development in Patients With Acute Stroke : Serial Diffusion-and

Ronald Budzik, Guy Rordorf, Ferdinando S. Buonanno, Pamela W. Schaefer and R. Gilberto Lee H. Schwamm, Walter J. Koroshetz, A. Gregory Sorensen, Bing Wang, William A. Copen, Hemodynamic-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Time Course of Lesion Development in Patients With Acute Stroke : Serial Diffusionand Print ISSN: 0039-2499. Online ISSN: 1524-4628 Copyright © 1998 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Stroke doi: 10.1161/01.STR. 29.11. 2268 1998;29:2268-2276 Stroke. http://stroke.ahajournals. org/content/29/11/2268 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Mechanical and water absorption properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sago pith waste biocomposites

A series of blends of sago pith waste (SPW) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared. Mechanical and water absorption properties of the composites have been investigated. In this study, variable amounts of plasticized SPW (pSPW) and PVA (pPVA) were processed in the presence of glycerol as plasticizers. Composites were compression molded and evaluated. The addition of pSPW reduced the tensile properties of the composites, lowering the elongation and increasing Young’s modulus. The reduction in mechanical strength with the addition of pSPW was a general phenomenon due to the poor interfacial adhesion between the pPVA and Pspw, which can be proved by the scanning electron microscope observations. The percentage of water absorbed of the pPVA/pSPW biocomposites was higher than either the pPVA or pSPW alone while pSPW showed better water resistance compared to pPVA because of the restricted mobility exerted by the cellulose fibers. The incorporation of SPW into PVA decreased both the mechanical and water absorption properties.
Outcome of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia after second salvage therapy

Although the prognosis is poor for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who have disease recurrence after frontline therapy, this is a general reflection of first salvage therapies. The outcome of patients undergoing second salvage therapy in relation to complete response (CR) rates and survival has not been documented. The authors analyzed the outcome of patients with AML undergoing second salvage therapy, and identified prognostic factors associated with response and survival.
The effects of light and heat on the rubber content and impact strength of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene

DSC analysis of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) samples either weathered outdoors for up to 10 years or aged at 71°C has shown that these plastics deteriorate most readily through the polybutadiene (BD) component. Oxidation of the BD in ABS leads to an increasing and broadening Tgas well as a decrease in ΔCp at Tg. The latter quantity can be used to quantitatively assay the amount of unoxidized rubber in a photo- or thermal-oxidized sample. The loss of impact strength of these resins with chemical aging can be correlated with the oxidation of the polybutadiene phase. Studies of rubber content as a function of sample thickness have revealed that an embrittled layer containing oxidized BD develops at the surface of an aged, 100 mil. ABS plaque (natural) and grows to a thickness of about 10 mils after 3 years exposure to sunlight. ABS containing carbon black is effectively screened from this photo induced degradation and consequently has much better retention of its initial impact strength values. In addition, carbon black was observed to retard thermal oxidation in some ABS samples. Lastly, it appears possible to do accelerated aging studies at elevated temperatures to evaluate the relative stabilities of various ABS formulations.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among US children with perinatally acquired HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE To describe epidemiologic characteristics of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to guide prevention efforts. DESIGN National acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance of children aged 0 through 12 years, a multisite surveillance study of HIV infection in children aged 0 through 12 years, and the national HIV serosurvey of childbearing women. SETTING Surveillance conducted by state and local health departments and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1982 through 1992. RESULTS Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported in 1374 (37%) of 3665 perinatally acquired AIDS cases. Over half of these cases occurred between 3 and 6 months of age. In 183 (64%) of 275 PCP cases reported in the special surveillance study, PCP was the first or only AIDS-defining condition diagnosed, and in 44% of cases, the child had not been evaluated for HIV infection before diagnosis of PCP. The estimated median survival after diagnosis of PCP was 19 months. CONCLUSIONS Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a common and serious opportunistic infection that affects young children with HIV infection. Effective efforts to prevent PCP in this population will require identification as early as possible of children who may be infected with HIV.
A dynamic technique for eliminating buffer overflow vulnerabilities (and other memory errors)

Buffer overflow vulnerabilities are caused by programming errors that allow an attacker to cause the program to write beyond the bounds of an allocated memory block to corrupt other data structures. The standard way to exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability involves a request that is too large for the buffer intended to hold it. The buffer overflow error causes the program to write part of the request beyond the bounds of the buffer, corrupting the address space of the program and causing the program to execute injected code contained in the request. We have implemented a compiler that inserts dynamic checks into the generated code to detect all out of bounds memory accesses. When it detects an out of bounds write, it stores the value away in a hash table to return as the value for corresponding out of bounds reads. The net effect is to (conceptually) give each allocated memory block unbounded size and to eliminate out of bounds accesses as a programming error. We have acquired several widely used open source servers (Apache, Sendmail, Pine, Mutt, and Midnight Commander). With standard compilers, all of these servers are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks as documented at security tracking Web sites. Our compiler eliminates these security vulnerabilities (as well as other memory errors). Our results show that our compiler enables the servers to execute successfully through buffer overflow attacks to continue to correctly service user requests without security vulnerabilities.
Antispasmodic and bronchorelaxant activities of Salsola imbricata are mediated through dual Ca+2 antagonistic and β-adrenergic agonistic effects

Abstract Context: Salsola imbricata Forssk. (Chenopodiaceae) has folkloric repute for the treatment of various gastrointestinal and respiratory ailments. Objective: The present study investigates spasmolytic and bronchorelaxant effects of S. imbricata. Materials and methods: The crude aqueous-ethanol extract of the aerial parts of S. imbricata and its fractions, in cumulative concentrations (0.01–10 mg/mL), were tested on contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum and tracheal preparations. Furthermore, concentration response curves (CRCs) of Ca+2 and carbachol were constructed in the absence and presence of the extract. Standard organ bath methods were used. Results: The crude extract relaxed spontaneous, K+ (80 mM) and carbachol (1 μM)-induced contractions in jejunum preparations with respective EC50 values of 0.40 (0.35–0.46), 0.69 (0.60–0.79) and 0.66 (0.57–0.75) mg/mL. It shifted Ca+2 CRCs rightward in nonparallel manner. In isolated tracheal preparations, the crude extract caused relaxation of K+ (80 mM) and carbachol (1 μM)-induced contractions with EC50 values of 0.86 (0.75–0.98) and 0.74 (0.66–0.84) mg/mL, respectively. It displaced carbachol CRCs rightward with suppression of maximal response. In both tissues, pretreatment with propranolol (1 μM) caused rightward shift in inhibitory CRCs of the extract against carbachol-induced contractions. The ethyl acetate fraction was found more potent in relaxing smooth muscle contractions than the parent extract and its aqueous fraction. Discussion and conclusion: The results suggest that the spasmolytic and bronchorelaxant activities of S. imbricata are related to Ca+2 antagonistic and β-adrenergic agonistic effects, thus justifying some of the traditional uses of the plant.
The effect of metallicity on the Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation from a Baade-Wesselink analysis of Cepheids in the Galaxy and in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We have applied the near-IR Barnes-Evans realization of the Baade-Wesselink method as calibrated by Fouque& Gieren (1997) to five metal-poor Cepheids with periods between 13 and 17 days in the Small Magellanic Cloud as well as to a sample of 34 Galactic Cepheids to determine the effect of metallicity on the period-luminosity (P-L) relation. For ten of the Galactic Cepheids we present new accurate and well sampled radial-velocity curves. The Baade-Wesselink analysis provides accurate individual distances and luminosities for the Cepheids in the two samples, allowing us to constrain directly, in a purely differential way, the metallicity effect on the Cepheid P-L relation. For the Galactic Cepheids we provide a new set of P-L relations which have zero-points in excellent agreement with astrometric and interferometric determinations. These relations can be used directly for the determination of distances to solar-metallicity samples of Cepheids in distant galaxies, circumventing any corrections for metallicity effects on the zero-point and slope of the P-L relation. We find evidence for both such metallicity effects in our data. Comparing our two samples of Cepheids at a mean period of about 15 days, we find a weak effect of metallicity on the luminosity similar to that adopted by the HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. The effect is smaller for the V band, where we find ∆MV /∆(Fe/H) = −0.21 ± 0.19, and larger for the Wesenheit index W, where we find ∆MW/∆(Fe/H) = −0.29 ± 0.19. For the I and K bands we find ∆MI/∆(Fe/H) = −0.23 ± 0.19 and ∆MK /∆(Fe/H) = −0.21 ± 0.19, respectively. The error estimates are 1 σ statistical errors. It seems now well established that metal-poor Cepheids with periods longer than about 10 days are intrinsically fainter in all these bands than their metal-rich counterparts of identical period. Correcting the LMC distance estimate of Fouque et al. (2003) for this metallicity effect leads to a revised LMC distance modulus of (m − M)0 = 18.48 ± 0.07, which is also in excellent agreement with the value of (m − M)0 = 18.50 ± 0.10 adopted by the Key Project. From our SMC Cepheid distances we determine the SMC distance to be 18.88 ± 0.13 mag irrespective of metallicity.
Mitogenic CD 2 Monoclonal Antibody Pairs Predispose Peripheral T Cells to Undergo Apoptosis on Interaction with a Third CD 2 Monoclonal Antibody

When stimulated for a few days with the mitogenic GT2 + TI 1 CD2 mAb pair and IL-2, resting T cells were induced to proliferate but the introduction into the cultures of a third CD2 mAb resulted in apoptotic cell death of 40 to 60% of the cells. The death signal was active on T cells entered the cell cycle without causing an apparent cell cycle block and without discriminating between the G, and S phases. Apoptosis was not prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, indicating that the death program was already expressed in preactivated cells awaiting an appropriate signal. A series of Abs, directed at various cell surface molecules, were unable to trigger apoptosis (except CD3 mAb), whereas most of the CD2 mAb tested were active, provided the third CD2 mAb was recognizing an epitope different from GT2 and T I 1 ,. Mere aggregation of CD2 molecules did not seem to be the triggering signal of apoptosis, because cross-linking cell-bound GT2 + TI 1 with an Ab to mouse IgG had no effect, suggesting that a conformational change was imposed on CD2 molecules by the third CD2 mAb. Stimulation performed in the presence of IL-2 predisposed both CD45RO+ and CD45RAf T cells to apoptosis, whereas stimulation in the presence of IL-4 primed only CD45RA+ T cells to undergo this process. Monocytes and potent co-signals of the CD2 pathway were unable to prevent CD2-induced apoptosis. Thus, successive engagements of the CD2 molecule of mature T cells by two and three CD2 mAbs recognizing distinct epitopes can provide in short term cultures signals for proliferation and apoptosis, depending on the activation state of the cells. lournal of Immunology, 1994, 152: 4861,
Assessment of the Effects of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Fesoterodine

The effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of a single 4‐mg oral dose of fesoterodine are assessed in 8 healthy subjects and 8 subjects each with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment. Compared with findings in healthy subjects, the maximum concentration in plasma of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5‐HMT), the principal active moiety of fesoterodine, increases by 1.4‐, 1.5‐, and 2.0‐fold and area under the curve increases by 1.6‐, 1.8‐, and 2.3‐fold in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively. There is a clear correlation between the renal clearance of 5‐HMT and creatinine clearance. The median time of observed maximum drug concentration (5–6 hours) and mean terminal half‐life (6–7 hours) of 5‐HMT are unaffected by renal impairment. The unbound fraction of 5‐HMT in plasma (0.43–0.54 ng/mL) is comparable across all groups. In conclusion, because of the involvement of both metabolic and renal elimination pathways, only modest increases in 5‐HMT exposures are observed in patients with renal impairment.
High-Density Mapping of Ventricular Scar: A Comparison of Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Supporting Channels With Channels That Do Not Support VT

Background—Surviving myocytes within scar may form channels that support ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuits. There are little data on the properties of channels that comprise VT circuits and those that are non-VT supporting channels. Methods and Results—In 22 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and VT, high-density mapping was performed with the PentaRay catheter and Ensite NavX system during sinus rhythm. A channel was defined as a series of matching pace-maps with a stimulus (S) to QRS time of ≥40 ms. Sites were determined to be part of a VT channel if there were matching pace-maps to the VT morphology. This was confirmed with entrainment mapping when possible. Of the 238 channels identified, 57 channels corresponded to an inducible VT. Channels that were part of a VT circuit were more commonly located within dense scar than non-VT channels (97% versus 82%; P=0.036). VT supporting channels were of greater length (mean±SEM, 53±5 versus 33±4 mm), had higher longest S-QRS (130±12 versus 82±12 ms), longer conduction time (103±14 versus 43±13 ms), and slower conduction velocity (0.87±0.23 versus 1.39±0.21 m/s) than non-VT channels (P<0.001). Of all the fractionated, late, and very late potentials located in scar, only 21%, 26%, and 29%, respectively, were recorded within VT channels. Conclusions—High-density mapping shows substantial differences among channels in ventricular scar. Channels supporting VT are more commonly located in dense scar, longer than non-VT channels, and have slower conduction velocity. Only a minority of scar-related potentials participate in the VT supporting channels.
Alloimmune injury preceding airway obliteration in porcine heterotopic lung implants: a histologic and immunohistologic study.

BACKGROUND Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), the major long-term complication of lung transplantation, has thus far lacked a good large-animal model. Our goal was to develop such a model on the basis of previous rodent models with tracheal implants. METHODS Fragments of pulmonary tissue with structures of terminal bronchi were subcutaneously transplanted to four random-bred domestic piglets. Each animal received 10 autograft and 10 allograft implants. The histologic findings were graded from 0 to 3 for implants harvested repeatedly over 2 months. RESULTS In autografts, partial destruction of the respiratory epithelium and gradual luminal obliteration as well as mild damage to the cartilage and the bronchial wall underwent rapid reversal after initial ischemic injury. In the allografts, epithelial destruction and gradual obliteration were total within 14 days, the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05) in both. The histologic features of the obliterative plug were similar to those of human OB. In the allografts, cartilaginous destruction and pericartilaginous inflammation increased gradually to severe levels, significantly worse than in the autografts (P<0.05). Necrosis and inflammation of the bronchial wall were also more severe in the allografts (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS At the end of follow-up, all autografts were vital, whereas the allografts were almost totally rejected and were without native structures. All bronchi in the allografts exhibited accelerated obliteration with histologic features characteristic of human OB, thus providing a model for research into OB and its prevention.
Surface-induced alignment of pentacene by photo-alignment technology for organic thin film transistors

A series of highly soluble maleimide-based polymers with photoreactive pendant group were synthesized and used as a gate dielectric insulator for organic thin film transistors. Photoalignment properties were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and the alignment of liquid crystals. Photopolymerization of polymer-coated organic thin film transistors with linearly polarized UV light induces anisotropy in field-effect mobility. The gate dielectric insulator based on the photoalignable maleimide shows higher field-effect mobility and on/off current ratio than those from a SiO2 gate dielectric insulator with the values of 0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 104, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the photo-induced anisotropy of alignment films to control the molecular order of semiconducting pentacene is a promising technology for improving the performance of organic thin film transistors.
Identification and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding a 110-kilodalton actin filament-associated pp60src substrate

Transformation of chicken embryo cells by oncogenic forms of pp60src (e.g., pp60v-src or pp60527F) is linked with a concomitant increase in the steady-state levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated cellular proteins. Activated forms of the Src protein-tyrosine kinase stably associate with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, including a protein of 110 kDa, pp110. Previous reports have established that stable complex formation between pp110 and pp60src requires the structural integrity of the Src SH2 and SH3 domains, whereas tyrosine phosphorylation of pp110 requires only the structural integrity of the SH3 domain. In normal chicken embryo cells, pp110 colocalizes with actin stress filaments, and in Src-transformed cells, pp110 is found associated with podosomes (rosettes). Here, we report the identification and characterization of cDNAs encoding pp110. The predicted open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 635 amino acids which exhibits little sequence similarity with other protein sequences present in the available sequence data bases. Thus, pp110 is a distinctive cytoskeleton-associated protein. On the basis of its association with actin stress filaments, we propose the term AFAP-110, for actin filament-associated protein of 110 kDa. In vitro analysis of AFAP-110 binding to bacterium-encoded glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins revealed that AFAP-110 present in normal cell extracts binds efficiently to Src SH3/SH2-containing fusion proteins, less efficiently to Src SH3-containing proteins, and poorly to SH2-containing fusion proteins. In contrast, AFAP-110 in Src-transformed cell extracts bound to GST-SH3/SH2 and GST-SH2 fusion proteins. Analysis of AFAP-110 cDNA sequences revealed the presence of sequence motifs predicted to bind to SH2 and SH3 domains, respectively. We suggest that AFAP-110 may represent a cellular protein capable of interacting with SH3-containing proteins and, upon tyrosine phosphorylation, binds tightly to SH2-containing proteins, such as pp60src or pp59fyn. The potential roles of AFAP-110 as an SH3/SH2 cytoskeletal binding protein are discussed.
Language discrimination by newborns: Teasing apart phonotactic, rhythmic, and intonational cues

Speech rhythm has long been claimed to be a useful bootstrapping cue in the very first steps of language acquisition. Previous studies have suggested that newborn infants do categorize varieties of speech rhythm, as demonstrated by their ability to discriminate between certain languages. However, the existing evidence is not unequivocal: in previous studies, stimuli discriminated by newborns always contained additional speech cues on top of rhythm. Here, we conducted a series of experiments assessing discrimination between Dutch and Japanese by newborn infants, using a speech resynthesis technique to progressively degrade non-rhythmical properties of the sentences. When the stimuli are resynthesized using identical phonemes and artificial intonation contours for the two languages, thereby preserving only their rhythmic and broad phonotactic structure, newborns still seem to be able to discriminate between the two languages, but the effect is weaker than when intonation is present. This leaves open the possibility that the temporal correlation between intonational and rhythmic cues might actually facilitate the processing of speech rhythm. Key-words: newborn speech perception language discrimination rhythm intonation prosody bootstrapping. Language acquisition is a field notorious for its bootstrapping problems: in essence, it seems impossible to explain how each component of language is learnt without appealing to previous knowledge of other components. How does the child learn syntax? By relying on his/her knowledge of words, their meaning, and the meaning of whole sentences, as revealed by observation (this is semantic bootstrapping; Pinker, 1984). But how does the child learn the meaning of words? You have to assume some notions of syntax (this is syntactic bootstrapping; Gleitman, 1990). These apparent paradoxes have raised interest in the study of the raw input available to the child, i.e., the speech signal, and of how much information can be extracted thereof. In this line, Gleitman and Wanner (1982) had already long ago suggested that prosody (rhythm, intonation) might play an important role in the acquisition of syntax (this was prosodic bootstrapping). Prosody has also been shown to be an impor
Outage Probability of Decode-and-Forward Cognitive Relay in Presence of Primary User's Interference

In the presence of the primary user's interference, the outage probability of a dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) cognitive relay network (CRN) over Rayleigh fading channels is investigated. We first derive the exact expression for the outage probability, using which the impact of different system parameters on the outage performance is presented in the asymptotic regimes. In addition, the asymptotic outage probability is also derived in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime.