Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
African–Caribbean men remanded to Brixton Prison

Background African–Caribbean men are over-represented in psychiatric and forensic services and in the prison population. A failure of community services to engage mentally ill African–Caribbean men and their presentation through the criminal justice system culminates in a repeated pattern of forensic service and criminal justice system contact. Method We carried out a cross-sectional survey during a one-year period of a sample of potentially mentally ill men remanded to HMP Brixton in south London. Men were interviewed to establish their place of birth, first language, socio-demographic profile, ethnicity, psychiatric diagnosis, levels of alcohol and substance misuse, criminality, violence involved in their index offence, past psychiatric and forensic contacts and outcome of court appearance. Results Two hundred and seventy-seven men were interviewed. In comparison with White men, African–Caribbean men were more often diagnosed as having schizophrenia and were more often sent to hospital under a mental health act order. African–Caribbean men were remanded in custody despite more stable housing conditions and more favourable indices of lifetime criminality, substance misuse and violence. Conclusions Community services, including diversion schemes, should be especially sensitive to African–Caribbean men with schizophrenia who ‘fall out of care’, who are not diverted back into care and are therefore unnecessarily remanded.
The specificity of acute and chronic microvascular alterations in renal allografts

The diagnosis of an antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is made when there is evident histologic injury in the presence of detectable donor‐specific alloantibodies (DSA) and diffuse peritubular capillary C4d staining (C4d‐pos). In the presence of only detectable DSA or C4d‐pos, the tissue injury is currently considered “presumptive” for antibody causation. In acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AAMR), diagnostic morphologic features include microvascular inflammation (MVI), specifically glomerulitis and peritubular capillaritis. In the case of chronic active AMR (CAAMR), these inflammatory lesions have progressed to chronic microvascular injury, transplant glomerulopathy (TG) and peritubular capillary basement membrane multilayering (PTCBMML). Either TG or PTCBMML is sufficient morphological evidence for a diagnosis of CAAMR. Unfortunately, these lesions are not specific. MVI, TG, and PTCBMML are found in the setting of cell‐mediated immunity, as well as in association with non‐alloimmune mechanisms. The available treatments for AMR and CMR are different, and it is important to ascertain the dominant mechanism when approaching an individual patient. At present, no gold standard exists to establish the specific pathogenesis in the more ambiguous cases. We detail here the differential diagnosis of MVI, TG, and PTCBMML.
Expression of serum amyloid A transcripts in human bone tissues, differentiated osteoblast‐like stem cells and human osteosarcoma cell lines

Although the liver is the primary site of cytokine‐mediated expression of acute‐phase serum amyloid A (SAA) protein, extrahepatic production has also been reported. Besides its role in amyloidosis and lipid homeostasis during the acute‐phase, SAA has recently been assumed to contribute to bone and cartilage destruction. However, expression of SAA in human osteogenic tissue has not been studied. Therefore, we first show that SAA1 (coding for the major SAA isoform) but not SAA2 transcripts are expressed in human trabecular and cortical bone fractions and bone marrow. Next, we show expression of (i) IL‐1, IL‐6, and TNF receptor transcripts; (ii) the human homolog of SAA‐activating factor‐1 (SAF‐1, a transcription factor involved in cytokine‐mediated induction of SAA genes); and (iii) SAA1/2 transcripts in non‐differentiated and, to a higher extent, in osteoblast‐like differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells. Third, we provide evidence that human osteoblast‐like cells of tumor origin (MG‐63 and SAOS‐2) express SAF‐1 under basal conditions. SAA1/2 transcripts are expressed under basal conditions (SAOS‐2) and cytokine‐mediated conditions (MG‐63 and SAOS‐2). RT‐PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence technique confirmed cytokine‐mediated expression of SAA on RNA and protein level in osteosarcoma cell lines while SAA4, a protein of unknown function, is constitutively expressed in all osteogenic tissues investigated. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 994–1004, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reassessing the Relationship Between High School Sports Participation and Deviance: Evidence of Enduring, Bifurcated Effects

Despite its long-standing popular appeal, the idea that athletic activity is a deterrent to crime and delinquency suffers from a distinct lack of empirical support. This article tests the hypothesis that the relationship between high school sports participation and deviance varies by both type of deviant behavior and level of athletic involvement. The analysis is based upon longitudinal data focusing on the effects of involvement in high school sports, the country's largest institutional setting for youth sports participation, in early adulthood. We find that the relationship between athletic involvement and deviance varies significantly depending upon the deviant behaviors examined. Specifically, we find that shoplifting decreases with sports participation, while drunken driving increases. Moreover, these effects extend further into the life course (age 30) than has been demonstrated in any previous study and hold across all our measures of sports participation. Several potential explanatory mechanisms are evaluated. The implications of these enduring, bifurcated effects are discussed.
Generational Differences in the Workplace: There Is Complexity Beyond the Stereotypes

The topic of generational differences in the workplace has been immensely popular over the past decade, spawning a large number of academic publications and a far greater number of consulting reports, popular press books, magazine articles, media reports, blogs, and infographics. Indeed, a new industry of consultants and public speakers seems to have emerged primarily to capitalize on the popularity of this topic. As Costanza and Finkelstein (2015) note, the research on this “hot topic” has often seemed opportunistic, lacking rigor and depth. The relative ease of cutting existing cross-sectional data by age and calling it a generation study has tempted researchers to hop on the bandwagon, resulting in a large number of empirical studies with nearly identical literature reviews that overrely on popular press and opinion-based literature. There has been a lamentable tendency toward blind empiricism with little or no connection to theory, as has been stated elsewhere (Lyons & Kuron, 2014; Parry & Urwin, 2011).
A didactic analysis of content development during the peer teaching tasks of a Sport Education season

Background: Research on Sport Education (SE) has shown the curriculum model to be effective in motivating students to undertake specific role responsibilities and engage in the student-led tasks of the curriculum. Despite this level of engagement, emerging evidence suggests that student leadership within the peer teaching tasks of the curriculum can be problematic for the development of student content learning. Purpose: To utilize a defined didactic research methodology, to examine the development of content knowledge and performance of a team of six students participating within the peer teaching tasks of a SE season of tag rugby. Setting and participants: A team of six students, within a co-educational class of 27 eighth grade students (mean age = 13.2 years), from a middle school in the US mid-west. Students participated in a 15-lesson SE season of tag rugby with each lesson being 45 minutes in duration. Research design and data collection: The didactic protocol included collecting data regarding student intentions, actions and interpretations of content through the use of lesson observation and pre- and post-lesson participant interviews. Data analysis consisted of the identification of problematic episodes in the teaching–learning process or Critical Didactic Incidents (CDIs) during the peer teaching tasks and a search for configurations in the data across episodes. Findings: Participants demonstrated a high level of engagement and compliance with the intended content of the peer teaching tasks. Results revealed the instructional approach of peer teaching to be efficacious in developing participants' knowledge of many of the lower complexity tag rugby content learning goals of the unit. The provision of pre-lesson coaching task cards and teacher intervention within tasks were effective strategies in aligning student learning with intended teacher learning goals. Participants failed to learn higher order content during peer teaching primarily due to deficiencies in the student coach's ability to elaborate content through appropriate demonstration, error diagnosis and task modification. Conclusions: Teachers utilizing the SE curriculum must adequately prepare the student coaches for the peer teaching tasks by teaching them, not only relevant content knowledge, but also pedagogical principles required to effectively elaborate the intended content to peers. The didactic methodology may provide a sharper lens to understand the dynamic evolution of content that occurs within the situated contexts of instructional tasks.
Adolescents' Use of Self-Regulatory Processes and Their Relation to Qualitative Mental Model Shifts While Using Hypermedia

This study examined 148 adolescents' use of self-regulated learning (SRL) processes when learning about the circulatory system using hypermedia. We examined participants' verbal protocols to determine the relationship between SRL processes and qualitative shifts in students' mental models from pretest to posttest. Results indicated that participants who exhibited a qualitative shift displayed differential use of six SRL processes, including metacognitive monitoring activities, learning strategies, and indications of task difficulty. We propose that these SRL processes can account for the participants' shift in mental model. Implications for the design of hypermedia learning environments are presented, including substantive recommendations for the use of trace logs and scaffolding to promote self-regulated learning with hypermedia.
Metabolic Activation of Pradefovir by CYP3A4 and Its Potential as an Inhibitor or Inducer

ABSTRACT Metabolic activation of pradefovir to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) was evaluated by using cDNA-expressed CYP isozymes in portal vein-cannulated rats following oral administration and in human liver microsomes. The enzyme induction potential of pradefovir was evaluated in rats following multiple oral dosing and in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. The results indicated that CYP3A4 is the only cDNA-expressed CYP isozyme catalyzing the conversion of pradefovir to PMEA. Pradefovir was converted to PMEA in human liver microsomes with a Km of 60 μM, a maximum rate of metabolism of 228 pmol/min/mg protein, and an intrinsic clearance of about 359 ml/min. Addition of ketoconazole and monoclonal antibody 3A4 significantly inhibits the conversion of pradefovir to PMEA in human liver microsomes, suggesting the predominant role of CYP3A4 in the metabolic activation of pradefovir. Pradefovir at 0.2, 2, and 20 μM was neither a direct inhibitor nor a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes. In rats, the liver was the site of metabolic activation of pradefovir, whereas the small intestine did not play a significant role in the metabolic conversion of pradefovir to PMEA. Daily oral dosing (300 mg/kg of body weight) to rats for 8 days showed that pradefovir was not an inducer of P450 enzymes in rats. Furthermore, pradefovir at 10 μg/ml was not an inducer of either CYP1A2 or CYP3A4/5 in primary cultures of human hepatocytes.
Socio-Demographic Correlates of Pattern of Elderly Abuse in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

This study examined socio-demographic correlates of pattern of elderly abuse in Ado-Ekiti. Towards achieving this aim, information was gathered from elderly aged 60 years and above currently living in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select 220 eligible respondents with the aid of EA maps. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. The instrument was divided into two sections. The result shows that abandonment and neglect is the most common type of elderly abuse experienced by elders in the study area. Also, it was revealed that age has a positive relationship with the form of abuse that is the older in age, the more the level of abuse. While living with spouse and health status have negative and positive relationship on forms of abuse experienced respectively, there exist a strong and positive association between forms of abuse and some other demographic-characteristics of respondents. This study therefore recommends that better social support programs should be organized for the elderly who are facing neglect, abandonment and any other forms of abuse. Keyword : elder abuse, correlate, abandonment, social support, neglect
Towards predicting water levels using artificial neural networks

For all Ocean related activities it is necessary to predict the actual water levels as accurate as possible. The present work aims at predicting the water levels with a lead time of few hours to a day using the technique of artificial neural networks. Instead of using the previous and current values of observed water level time series directly as input and output the water level anomaly (difference between the observed water level and harmonically predicted tidal level) is calculated for each hour and the ANN model is developed using this time series. The network predicted anomaly is then added to harmonic tidal level to predict the water levels. The models exhibit a high level of prediction accuracy in testing. The models were further tested in real time mode for 8 months as well as during hurricane conditions. The model results were highly in agreement with the observed water levels in both the cases.
Conduites dopantes chez les jeunes cyclistes du milieu amateur au milieu professionnel

Dans le cyclisme professionnel, il existe une veritable « culture du dopage », le dopage faisant partie integrante de ce milieu. Mais qu’en est-il avant d’integrer le milieu professionnel ? Le passage dans le milieu professionnel est considere comme un moment cle dans l’evolution des conduites dopantes. Dans une approche psychosociale, nous cherchons a comprendre les conduites dopantes de jeunes espoirs suisses en attente de contrat professionnel ou devenus recemment professionnels. Ces jeunes cyclistes sont pour la plupart tentes par le dopage ; ils ne sont pas contre le fait de prendre un jour des produits dopants, mais seulement quand ils seront professionnels. Les influences sociales, les discours tenus autour du dopage poussent les jeunes cyclistes a attendre d’integrer le milieu professionnel avant d’utiliser des produits dopants. Le dopage est accepte comme une « sous-culture » dans le cyclisme professionnel, mais pas dans le cyclisme amateur de haut niveau.
PARENTAL MANAGEMENT: MEDIATOR OF THE EFFECT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON EARLY DELINQUENCY *

This study used structural equation modeling with longitudinal data from the Oregon Youth Study to test the hypothesis that the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on delinquency in early adolescence would be mediated entirely by parental management skills. SES was measured by parental education and occupation when the son was in the fourth grade, parental management skills during the sixth grade, and delinquency during the seventh grade. The hypothesis was supported: The direct effect of SES on delinquency was not significant after controlling for parental management, which was modeled as a second-order factor consisting of parental monitoring and discipline. Implications are discussed for theories of delinquency and for delinquency prevention and treatment.
THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED ENTREPRENEURIAL PASSION ON ANGEL INVESTING

In this paper we examine the relationship between the passion an entrepreneur displays, the passion angels perceive, and the impact on angels’ interest and funding of ventures. Our qualitative study results indicate that angels do use displayed passion as a factor in their investment decisions and specifically focus on the enthusiasm, preparedness, and commitment entrepreneurs demonstrate. Results from our quantitative study suggest that the importance of different types of displayed passion varies depending on the stage of the funding process examined, and that all three types of displayed passion have a relationship with perceived passion and evaluations of funding potential, although the nature of these relationships is complex.
Structural Insights into RNA Polymerase Recognition and Essential Function of Myxococcus xanthus CdnL

CdnL and CarD are two functionally distinct members of the CarD_CdnL_TRCF family of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP)-interacting proteins, which co-exist in Myxococcus xanthus. While CarD, found exclusively in myxobacteria, has been implicated in the activity of various extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ-factors, the function and mode of action of the essential CdnL, whose homologs are widespread among bacteria, remain to be elucidated in M. xanthus. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of CdnL and present a structure-based mutational analysis of its function. An N-terminal five-stranded β-sheet Tudor-like module in the two-domain CdnL mediates binding to RNAP-β, and mutations that disrupt this interaction impair cell growth. The compact CdnL C-terminal domain consists of five α-helices folded as in some tetratricopeptide repeat-like protein-protein interaction domains, and contains a patch of solvent-exposed nonpolar and basic residues, among which a set of basic residues is shown to be crucial for CdnL function. We show that CdnL, but not its loss-of-function mutants, stabilizes formation of transcriptionally competent, open complexes by the primary σA-RNAP holoenzyme at an rRNA promoter in vitro. Consistent with this, CdnL is present at rRNA promoters in vivo. Implication of CdnL in RNAP-σA activity and of CarD in ECF-σ function in M. xanthus exemplifies how two related members within a widespread bacterial protein family have evolved to enable distinct σ-dependent promoter activity.
Training Neural Network Language Models on Very Large Corpora

During the last years there has been growing interest in using neural networks for language modeling. In contrast to the well known back-off n-gram language models, the neural network approach attempts to overcome the data sparseness problem by performing the estimation in a continuous space. This type of language model was mostly used for tasks for which only a very limited amount of in-domain training data is available.In this paper we present new algorithms to train a neural network language model on very large text corpora. This makes possible the use of the approach in domains where several hundreds of millions words of texts are available. The neural network language model is evaluated in a state-of-the-art real-time continuous speech recognizer for French Broadcast News. Word error reductions of 0.5% absolute are reported using only a very limited amount of additional processing time.
Comparative Assessment of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Public and Private Mortuaries in Rivers State, Nigeria

Introduction: Formaldehyde is an industrial chemical that is classified as a volatile organic compound (VOC). It is commonly use in mortuaries for the preservation (embalmment) of the dead in Rivers State. Mortuary workers are occupationally exposed to formaldehyde by inhalation and skin contact. This objective/aim of the study was to measure and compare the concentration of formaldehyde in public and private mortuaries of Rivers State, Nigeria. Methodology: This cross-sectional (field) survey was carried out in 9 public and 6 private mortuaries in Rivers State. The Time-Weighted Average (TWA) and short- Term Exposure Limit (STEL) of formaldehyde concentrations in the embalmment sections of the mortuaries were measured using a suitable formaldehyde gas detector instrument. The mortuaries were selected by a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected, entered and analyzed using XL STATA and SPSS and presented in tables and graphs. Results: The mean TWA concentration of formaldehyde in public and private mortuaries was 2.42+-1.77 and 2.52+-0.99 ppm respectively. Also, the STEL concentration measured in public and private mortuaries were 0.91+-0.99 and 1.93+-1.22 ppm. The 8 hour TWA values exceeded OSHA (0.75) and NIOSH (0.016 ppm) standards. Conclusion: There was a high concentration of formaldehyde in both public and private mortuaries which may pose high risk to the health of the mortuary workers of Rivers State. The study recommended health education and surveillance among mortuary workers and good engineering design in the mortuary.
The Difference between Right and Wrong: Accuracy of Older and Younger Adults’ Story Recall

Sharing stories is an important social activity in everyday life. This study used fine-grained content analysis to investigate the accuracy of recall of two central story elements: the gist and detail of socially-relevant stories. Younger (M age = 28.06) and older (M age = 75.03) American men and women (N = 63) recalled fictional stories that were coded for (i) accuracy of overall gist and specific gist categories and (ii) accuracy of overall detail and specific detail categories. Findings showed no age group differences in accuracy of overall gist or detail, but differences emerged for specific categories. Older adults more accurately recalled the gist of when the event occurred whereas younger adults more accurately recalled the gist of why the event occurred. These differences were related to episodic memory ability and education. For accuracy in recalling details, there were some age differences, but gender differences were more robust. Overall, women remembered details of these social stories more accurately than men, particularly time and perceptual details. Women were also more likely to accurately remember the gist of when the event occurred. The discussion focuses on how accurate recall of socially-relevant stories is not clearly age-dependent but is related to person characteristics such as gender and episodic memory ability/education.
A Reversible Defect in Natural Killer T Cell Function Characterizes the Progression of Premalignant to Malignant Multiple Myeloma

We studied the function of antitumor T and natural killer T (NKT) cells from the blood and tumor bed in 23 patients with premalignant gammopathy, nonprogressive myeloma, or progressive multiple myeloma. We show that antitumor killer T cells can be detected in patients with both progressive or nonprogressive myeloma. Vα24+Vβ11+ invariant NKT cells are detectable in the blood and tumor bed of all cohorts. However, freshly isolated NKT cells from both the blood and tumor bed of patients with progressive disease, but not nonprogressive myeloma or premalignant gammopathy, have a marked deficiency of ligand-dependent interferon-γ production. This functional defect can be overcome in vitro using dendritic cells pulsed with the NKT ligand, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). Fresh myeloma cells express CD1d, and can be efficiently killed by autologous NKT cells. We hypothesize that presentation of tumor derived glycolipids by myeloma cells leads to NKT dysfunction in vivo. These data demonstrate that clinical progression in patients with monoclonal gammopathies is associated with an acquired but potentially reversible defect in NKT cell function and support the possibility that these innate lymphocytes play a role in controlling the malignant growth of this incurable B cell tumor in patients.