Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The value of written corrective feedback for migrant and international students

This article provides an overview of research that has investigated the effectiveness of written corrective feedback (WCF) on ESL student writing. In doing so, it highlights a number of shortcomings in the design of some studies and explains what needs to be done in future research so that answers to the issues that have been raised can be effectively addressed. The article reports on a two-month study (with 144 international and migrant ESL students in Auckland, New Zealand) that investigated the extent to which different WCF options (direct corrective feedback, written and oral meta-linguistic explanation; direct corrective feedback and written meta-linguistic explanation; direct corrective feedback only; no corrective feedback) help students improve their accuracy in the use of two functional uses of the English article system (referential indefinite `a' and referential definite `the'). The study found (1) that students who received all three WCF options outperformed those who did not receive WCF, (2) that their level of accuracy was retained over seven weeks and (3) that there was no difference in the extent to which migrant and international students improved the accuracy of their writing as a result of WCF.
Markets, Networks and the New Welfare State: Employment Assistance Reforms in Australia

Contemporary theoretical debates point to a transformation of societies and social organisations away from universal forms of mass production and consumption, organised through mass institutions, towards smaller, diversified, entrepreneurial units linked together by new forms of market and network co-ordination. This greater diversity is also held to be a feature of service users who require individually fashioned solutions to non-standard problems and tailored products for their different tastes. Applications of these accounts of social and economic transformation to the public sector propose similar patterns to those evident in private industry and in regional communities. The large, standardised bureaucracy is seen to give way to de-coupled, multiple agency models of service delivery within a new type of welfare state. The study uses interviews and surveys (n = 365) with service delivery staff in the Australian employment assistance sector where transformations of this type have recently been sponsored by government. These data indicate that many of the key propositions of the post-Fordist account are valid. Smaller, non-unionised units dominate the new order and services are devolved to the local level. However a number of the expected patterns of flexible specialisation, diversity and networking are not found, suggesting marked differences and possible tensions between public and private sector forms of organisational development in the new order.
The Effects of Femoral Shaft Malrotation on Lower Extremity Anatomy

Objective: To determine how axial rotation around the anatomic axis of the femur, as would occur with malrotation of a femoral fracture, affects frontal and sagittal plane alignment and knee joint orientation. Design: Computer-generated models of the lower extremity were constructed using standardized dimensions. To simulate a malrotated fracture, these models were rotated in the shaft around the anatomic axis in 15° increments from 60° internal to 60° external rotation. Rotation was performed at the proximal fourth, mid-shaft, and distal fourth. Main Outcome Measurements: At each rotational position, the mechanical axis deviation in millimeters and the changes in mechanical lateral distal femoral angle in degrees were measured to quantify frontal plane malalignment and malorientation, respectively. The mechanical axis deviation in millimeters in the sagittal plane was also measured at each rotatory position. Results: Femoral shaft malrotation greater than 30° internal rotation of a subtrochanteric fracture or more than 45° of a midshaft fracture or external rotation of 30° or greater of a supracondylar fracture resulted in frontal plane malalignment. External rotation of a supracondylar fracture of 45° or more results in knee joint malorientation. Any external rotation at all 3 fracture levels caused posterior displacement of the weight-bearing axis in the sagittal plane. Conclusions: Malrotation of a femoral shaft fracture is not just a cosmetic problem. Internal and external rotation causes malalignment and malorientation in the frontal plane, depending on the level of the fracture and the magnitude of malrotation. External rotation of any degree at the proximal fourth, mid-shaft, and distal fourth causes a posterior shift of the weight-bearing axis in the sagittal plane.
Comparing Japanese College Students’ and U.S. College Students’ Disordered Eating, Distress, and Psychological Inflexibility

The present study investigated whether psychological inflexibility is related to disordered eating in Japanese undergraduate students and compared the strength and pattern of the associations with effects in a sample of undergraduate students from the United States. Data from 200 Japanese (nfemale = 100) and 481 U.S. (nfemale = 380) college students were used. Contrary to prediction, female gender and higher body mass index (BMI), but not psychological inflexibility, were uniquely related to higher levels of disordered eating while controlling for age and psychological distress in the Japanese group. In the U.S. group, greater psychological inflexibility was the only variable that was uniquely related to higher levels of disordered eating after controlling for other study variables. Our findings suggest that psychological inflexibility may not be a useful concept for understanding disordered eating within Japanese college students.
Investigation of fears of negative evaluation of young national kick boxers in terms of some variables.

Purpose.This research was a survey model that aimed at investigating fear of negative evaluation of young national kick-boxers in terms of some variables. Methods.The study was conducted with 41 kick-boxers (23 female kick-boxers and 18 male kick-boxers) who were selected out of 48 kick-boxers of Turkish National Young Kick-boxing Team using random sampling method and who were preparing at Nigde Demirkazik Sportive Camping Center between the 27 th of August and the 8 th of September, 2012 for the World Young Kick-boxing Championship to be held in Slovakia-Bratislava between the 8 th and the 15 th of September. Participation was voluntary. The mean age was 17.2 ±. 04 and mean sports-age was 5.40 ± 2.70. In the study; Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale which was developed by Leary (1983) and Turkish adaptation of which was performed by Cetin et al. (2010) was used. It is a five-point Likert type scale with 11 items. Internal consistency coefficient was . 84. Reliability coefficient obtained by split-half was . 83. The scale was administered to 76 subjects after a two-week interval using test-retest method in order to determine the reliability of the scale. After the administration of the scale, test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be . 82. For the statistical analysis of the data, such descriptive methods as frequency (n) and percentages (%) were used for the personal descriptive data. In order to detect the differences; non-parametric test -Mann-Whitney U test- was employed because the data did not follow a normal distribution in the variables and homogeneity conditions were not obtained. Level of significance was set at 0.05. As the result of the study; it was seen that level of fear of negative evaluation of young national kick-boxers was not statistically different in terms of gender variable. Conclusions.On the other hand; full contact kick-boxing and having a close/emotional friend from opposite sex affected their level of fear of negative evaluation negatively.
Nonshared environmental processes in social‐emotional development: an observational study of identical twin differences in the preschool period

Differences in mothers’ parenting behaviors toward their identical twin preschoolers were examined to identify nonshared environmental processes in social-emotional development. The study included 62 pairs of 3½-year-old same-sex identical twins. Indicators of each child’s social-emotional development (temperament, prosocial behavior, behavior problems and noncompliance) and parenting environment (warmth and negativity, positive and negative control, responsiveness) were assessed using observers’, interviewers’, and parents’ ratings. Mothers treated their identical twins differently, and this differential treatment covaried in expected ways with identical twin differences in social-emotional adjustment. The twin who received more supportive and less punitive forms of parenting was also higher in positive mood and prosocial behaviors and lower in negative mood and behavior problems when compared to her or his twin.
Money Isn’t Everything, but It Helps If It Doesn’t Look Used: How the Physical Appearance of Money Influences Spending

Despite evidence that currency denomination can influence spending, researchers have yet to examine whether the physical appearance of money can do the same. This is important because smaller denomination bills tend to suffer greater wear than larger denomination bills. Using real money in the context of real purchases, this article demonstrates that the physical appearance of money can override the influence of denomination. The reason being, people want to rid themselves of worn bills because they are disgusted by the contamination from others, whereas people put a premium on crisp currency because they take pride in owning bills that can be spent around others. This suggests that the physical appearance of money matters more than traditionally thought, and like most things in life, it too is inextricably linked to the social context. The results suggest that money may be less fungible than people think.
Threshold Effects in Online Group Buying

This paper studies two types of threshold-induced effects: a surge of new sign-ups around the time when the thresholds of group-buying deals are reached, and a stronger positive relation between the number of new sign-ups and the cumulative number of sign-ups before the thresholds are reached than afterward. This empirical study uses a data set that records the intertemporal cumulative number of sign-ups for group-buying deals in 86 city markets covered by Groupon, during a period of 71 days when Groupon predominantly used "a deal a day" format for each local market and posted the number of sign-ups in real time. We find that the first type of threshold effect is significant in all product categories and in all markets. The second type of threshold effect varies across product categories and markets. Our results underscore the importance of considering product and market characteristics in threshold design decisions for online group buying. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1287/mnsc.2014. 2015 . This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Processing Objects at Different Levels of Specificity

How objects are represented and processed in the brain is a central topic in cognitive neuroscience. Previous studies have shown that knowledge of objects is represented in a featurebased distributed neural system primarily involving occipital and temporal cortical regions. Research with nonhuman primates suggest that these features are structured in a hierarchical system with posterior neurons in the inferior temporal cortex representing simple features and anterior neurons in the perirhinal cortex representing complex conjunctions of features (Bussey & Saksida, 2002; Murray & Bussey, 1999). On this account, the perirhinal cortex plays a crucial role in object identification by integrating information from different sensory systems into more complex polymodal feature conjunctions. We tested the implications of these claims for human object processing in an event-related fMRI study in which we presented colored pictures of common objects for 19 subjects to name at two levels of specificity-basic and domain. We reasoned that domain-level naming requires access to a coarsergrained representation of objects, thus involving only posterior regions of the inferior temporal cortex. In contrast, basic-level naming requires finer-grained discrimination to differentiate between similar objects, and thus should involve anterior temporal regions, including the perirhinal cortex. We found that object processing always activated the fusiform gyrus bilaterally, irrespective of the task, whereas the perirhinal cortex was only activated when the task required finer-grained discriminations. These results suggest that the same kind of hierarchical structure, which has been proposed for object processing in the monkey temporal cortex, functions in the human.
The Communications of the Association for Information Systems

The way in which information technology (IT) impacts firm productivity is an enduring question in organizational research and practice. Rather than adopting the common explanation that IT spending improves organizational performance, we hypothesize that IT spending determines the amount of IT assets, such as IT hardware, IT personnel, IT systems, and IT outsourcing, that can be acquired. These IT assets, in turn, affect productivity. The context of our study is the healthcare industry. Because of the unique set of managerial values, incentives, and constraints in this industry, we also hypothesize that IT personnel play a key role in determining hospital productivity. Analysis of panel data on acute-care centers provides support for our hypotheses. This paper contributes to literature by (1) refining earlier research that explains that IT spending improves organizational productivity; (2) examining the interrelationships between various types of IT assets; and (3) providing initial indications that outsourcing of the IT function may not have the beneficial effects in healthcare that it does in other industries.
From the general to the situated: three decades of metacognition

This paper discusses the notion of metacognition, which is usually defined as ‘cognitions about cognitions’, or ‘thinking about one's own thinking’. In so doing, it reviews the literature on metacognition over the past three decades, listing different definitions of the term and identifying diverse origins of processes metacognitive. Aspects of the nature of metacognition are discussed, highlighting some of its important yet problematic dimensions, and the potentially positive impact metacognition can have on the learning process is addressed. The paper also relates metacognition to the broader area of general thinking skills and discusses the appropriateness of practising metacognition with primary school children. The paper concludes with a synopsis of research in the outcomes of metacognition, in general, and in science education, in particular, highlighting recent interest in blending metacognitive thinking with science subject matter. Directions for research in science education with an interest in metacognition are also proposed.
Surviving repeated waves of organizational downsizing: The recency, duration, and order effects associated with different forms of layoff contact

Abstract In this paper we examine: (1) recency and duration effects of layoff contact; and (2) the order effects associated with different types of layoff contact experiences. Workers employed by a large company engaged in repeated waves of downsizing completed questionnaires in 1997, 1999, and 2003. Using data only from workers who experienced indirect or direct layoff contact at each time period (N=460), we found some evidence that recent direct experiences were associated with significant group differences for intent to quit and depression. There was also some evidence to suggest that a single direct layoff experience still affected workers’ levels of job security, even when this experience occurred some 6 years prior to the Time 3 measurement. The largest within-group changes in scores over time were typically found among workers experiencing an indirect experience followed by a direct experience, suggesting that the order of events impacted worker job security, intent to quit, and depression. For workers experiencing back-to-back direct downsizing, the rate of decline slowed for depression. These findings are examined in light of the stress vulnerability and resiliency hypotheses.
A European Demos? The Nordic adult education tradition-- folkeoplysning --faces a challenge

The keyword in the Nordic tradition for adult education is 'people' (folk). But the term 'people' is used in three different ways: people as a political category, a cultural category and a social category. Therefore, the term 'people's enlightenment' ( folkeoplysning ) has been defined as different ways to create empowered citizens, to provide enlightenment on the people's culture, and to educate the underenlightened and marginalised. What kind of adult education is required in the current situation? Is a political, cultural or social interpretation of the term most needed? This question is discussed in light of the European integration process. ' Folkeoplysning ' is not, by definition, based on a specific interpretation of the concept 'people'. On the contrary, the concept constitutes a battlefield on which different interests attempt to leave their own imprint.
The achievement principle, education, and recognition

This paper examines how the ‘old’ achievement principle – elaborated on by the critical pedagogy theorists in the 1960s and 1970s in the context of schools – might be understood today. The main result of critical pedagogy is the critique of traditional school assessment; that critique argues that schools reproduce inequality by using an elaborated language code in their assessments of students, thereby supporting a hope of success in upper-class children and a fear of failure in lower-class children. However, the solutions to this problem offered by the critical pedagogy theorists bring us to the paradox of empty content with regard to pedagogical action. The paradox of empty content, an inability to define any clear content for pedagogical action, arises in particular from the central ideas of critical pedagogy by which content for pedagogical action is deduced from problem-solving processes in the classroom. The author concludes that the paradox of empty content may be overcome by following Axel Honneth's recent notion of a drawn-out process of education, in relation to which Hegel's concept of ethical life comprises three different cognitive world relations, and the corresponding language games offer sufficient content for pedagogical action.
Motor Skill Performance of Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairments: A Review

This article reviews studies on variables that are related to the motor skill performance of children and adolescents with visual impairments (VI). Three major groups of variables are considered (child, environmental, and task). Thirty-nine studies are included in this review, 26 of which examined the effects of child, environmental, and/or task variable(s) on motor skill performance and 13 of which reported suggestions by experts about variables related to performance. Weak evidence was found for three relationships: (a) between the degree of VI and dynamic balance and manual dexterity, (b) between amblyopia/strabismus and fine motor skills, and (c) between movement interventions and motor skill performance. In addition, weak evidence was found to refute a relationship between gender and static balance. Further research with reliable and valid measurement instruments and theoretically funded research emphasizing the interaction between a wide range of variables is needed, with specific attention to environmental and task variables.
School Schedules Affect Sleep Timing in Children and Contribute to Partial Sleep Deprivation

Although the environmental light/dark cycle is the main zeitgeber for the human species, the social cues seem to be important in the synchronization of circadian rhythms. In Brazil, the existence of two school schedules—one with only morning classes (MG) and other with only afternoon classes (AG)—allows the investigation of the effect of school activities on light exposure and sleep/wake patterns in children. Forty-seven children wore wrist actimeters for a week for registration of light and sleep data. MG children presented shorter sleep duration on school days than the children from the AG. The results showed that during school days MG children were exposed to bright light earlier in the morning when compared to AG children. Nevertheless, there were no differences in light exposure after sunset. The results reflect the role of school schedules and artificial light in shaping light exposure, and its association with sleep timing in children.
Hypergastrinaemia in Cushing’s syndrome: pituitary origin or glucocorticoid‐induced?

OBJECTIVES Several reports have shown an increase in serum gastrin levels in patients with Cushing’s syndrome (CS). However, the actual origin of this hypergastrinaemia is not known. Two hypotheses have been proposed: concomitant ACTH and gastrin secretion by corticotrophic pituitary adenomas or hypergastrinaemia induced by hypercortisolism.
Examining the Impacts of Early Reading Intervention on the Growth Rates in Basic Literacy Skills of At-Risk Urban Kindergarteners

This study investigated the effects of the Scott Foresman Early Reading Intervention (ERI) on growth rates in the early literacy skills of urban at-risk kindergarten students. Students participated in one of three groups: treatment-intensive/ strategic, treatment-benchmark, and nontreatment-benchmark. Treatment group students received a 30-minute ERI program from classroom teachers 3 days a week for 5 to 14 weeks. Using multivariate analysis of variance and the hierarchical linear model, the authors compared students' benchmark and progress monitoring scores on the Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF) and Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) subtests of the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Literacy Skills™. Results indicated that PSF and NWF benchmark performance gaps decreased between the treatment-intensive/ strategic and nontreatment-benchmark groups, indicating beneficial effects for the ERI. Additionally, the PSF and NWF progress monitoring growth rates of treatment group students during the ERI program were significantly higher than rates before treatment. Implications of early reading interventions for urban at-risk students are discussed.
The effects of tie strength and tie diversity on job search, pay increases, and promotions in Singapore and Thailand

This study assessed the effects of an employee's strength and diversity of network ties within the organization to job-search behavior, pay increases, and promotions in two East Asian countries (Singapore and Thailand). Contrary to predictions, there were no significant associations between the strength of ties with one's supervisor or peers with job-search behavior, pay increases, or promotions. However, as predicted, the diversity of ties was positively associated with job-search behavior, pay increases, and promotions. Finally, the community in which an employee is embedded had no moderating influence on job-search behavior, pay increases, or promotions after accounting for employee tenure, suggesting a convergence of results for these relationships in Singapore and Thailand.