Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paraventricular nucleus is involved in the central pathway of cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats

Our previous studies have shown that angiotensin II and reactive oxygen species in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) modulate the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR). The present study was designed to demonstrate more conclusively that the PVN is an important component of the central neurocircuitry of the CSAR. In anaesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats with sinoaortic denervation and cervical vagotomy, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were continuously recorded. The CSAR was evaluated by the response of the RSNA to epicardial application of bradykinin or capsaicin. Bilateral microinjection of the anaesthetic, lignocaine, into the PVN abolished the CSAR without significant effects on the baseline RSNA and MAP, while l‐glutamate, which excites the neurons in the PVN, enhanced the CSAR and increased the baseline RSNA and MAP. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the PVN irreversibly abolished the CSAR without significant effects on the baseline RSNA and MAP. Bilateral selective lesions of the neurons in the PVN with kainic acid induced rapid and great increases in both RSNA and MAP which returned to nearly normal levels in 60 min. At the 90th minute after kainic acid, epicardial application of bradykinin or capsaicin failed to induce the CSAR. These results indicate that inhibition or lesion of the PVN abolishes the CSAR, but excitation of the neurons in the PVN enhances the CSAR, suggesting that the PVN is an important component of the central neurocircuitry of the CSAR.
Stabilization of glycemic control and improved quality of life using a shared medical appointment model in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in suboptimal control

Declining glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) during adolescence persists despite treatment advances. Non‐adherence, peer relations, diabetes burnout, risk taking, transition to autonomy, family conflict, and poor quality of life (QOL) are recognized barriers. Shared medical appointments (SMAs) in adolescent T1D may offer benefits, but data are limited. Our objective was to determine whether SMAs, with multi‐component interventions utilizing multidisciplinary teams, improve glycemic control and psychosocial outcomes in poorly controlled adolescent T1D.
The role of temperament in the relationship between morningness–eveningness and mood

Apart from differences in circadian phase position, individuals with different morningness–eveningness levels vary in many more characteristics. Particularly consistent relationships have been observed between morningness–eveningness and mood. Eveningness has been associated with disadvantageous mood, e.g. depressiveness in healthy individuals, and mood disorders. A concept of social jetlag suggests that evening subjects function in less advantageous environments due to discrepancies between internal and social time (societies promote morning-oriented functioning), which results in their lowered mood. Individual temperament, as defined by the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT), refers to the capacity of the human organism to meet environmental requirements – the greater the capacity, the less negative impact of external conditions. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine which RTT traits are linked to both morningness–eveningness and mood dimensions and to test whether they account for the relationship between morningness–eveningness and mood. A sample of 386 university students (267 female) aged between 19 and 47 (M = 21.15, SD = 4.23) years completed the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) Mood Adjective Check List, Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire and Formal Characteristics of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory. Analyses revealed lower endurance (EN) and higher emotional reactivity (ER) related to eveningness as well as to lower hedonic tone (HT), energetic arousal (EA) and to higher tense arousal (TA). Moreover, eveningness was associated with lower HT, EA and higher TA. Among RTT traits, EN was most strongly related to eveningness, and mediation analyses revealed that this temperamental trait fully mediated the relationship between eveningness and the three mood dimensions. The remaining RTT traits did not provide more explanation of the association between morningness–eveningness and mood than EN itself. If subjects did not differ in EN, the association between morningness–eveningness and mood was absent. EN is discussed as a protective factor against negative consequences of social jetlag and particularly lowered mood in evening individuals.
Creating Political Legitimacy

It is often held that the establishment of electoral democracy is key to the creation of political legitimacy. This article challenges this idea and presents an alternative. Many empirical studies reveal that electoral democracy has no necessary implications for the establishment of legitimacy. Even in the successful and stable Nordic democracies, there is scant evidence that legitimacy is created on the input side of the political system. For example political legitimacy in the former Yugoslavia broke down not because ethnic groups realized they would become permanent minorities but because the new Croatian state violated citizens’ rights in the exercise of power. Legitimacy turns out to be created, maintained, and destroyed not at the input but at the output side of the political system. Hence, political legitimacy depends at least as much on the quality of government than on the capacity of electoral systems to create effective representation.
Ideas and Social Policy: An Institutionalist Perspective

Since the beginning of the 1980s, historical institutionalism has emerged as one of the most influential theoretical perspectives in social policy studies. Although their work is insightful, most institutionalist scholars tend to relegate policy ideas to the back of their theoretical constructions dealing with welfare state development. The objective of this paper is to show how institutionalist scholarship can pay greater attention to ideational processes without abandoning its core assumptions about the structuring impact of political institutions and policy legacies on welfare state development. If institutions truly influence policy-making, policy ideas matter in and beyond the agenda-setting process. Related to existing policy legacies, perceived problems mesh with policy alternatives grounded in a specific paradigm. When stressing the need to reform, and promoting new alternatives, policy entrepreneurs draw on existing ideological repertoires to frame these alternatives. The ability to successfully frame policy alternatives can become a decisive aspect of the policy process. A discussion of recent European and North American policy debates illustrates these claims.
Modelling Network-Enabled C 2 using Multiple Agents and Social Networks

This paper describes work in progress in developing an architecture for Command & Control systems based on an empirical model of the military commander’s thinking processes. It shows how social network constructs could be added to a multi-agent system to model network-enabled capabilities in a complex, real-world domain, using the events of September 11, 2001, as a case study. Areas for further research are identified.
What Can Ordinary People Do? Reflections on advocacy

In The Ethics and Politics of Asylum, Mathew Gibney argues for increasing the public sense of ‘the moral value of the institution of asylum’ (2004:245). If populations in western democracies could understand the ethical importance of ‘saving strangers from persecution and danger’ he suggests, they may be more tolerant of ‘the inevitable imperfections associated with asylum policies’ such as ‘large annual fluctuations in entrance numbers, unfounded claimants, problems with removals’ (2004:245). Gibney argues for the constructive role that governments of western democracies could play in this regard such as public education campaigns that promote the obligation of granting asylum.
Work-related values and organizational values from the perspective of university professors: A correlational study

O alinhamento dos valores pessoais e organizacionais pode influenciar positivamente o desempenho profissional. Considerando o aspecto motivacional desses valores, organizacoes e trabalhadores buscam a satisfacao de suas metas e necessidades por meio do trabalho. Nesse sentido, o estudo dos valores pessoais e organizacionais do professor pode contribuir para a producao de ciencia, tecnologia e inovacao por meio de profissionais engajados com esse eixo estrategico. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os valores relativos ao trabalho e sua relacao com os valores organizacionais. Participaram da pesquisa 68 professores de uma instituicao de ensino superior focada em inovacao. Os resultados mostraram que Realizacao no Trabalho obteve media mais elevada; Relacoes Sociais apresentou correlacoes com os valores organizacionais Autonomia (p = 0.018), Realizacao (p = 0.001), Dominio (p = 0.048), Prestigio (p = 0.001), Conformidade (p = 0.016) e Preocupacao com a Coletividade (p = 0.014). Esses resultados sugerem a importância dos valores para a satisfacao laboral e para a elaboracao de estrategias organizacionais.
Anabolic Effect of Insulin Therapy on the Bone: Osteoprotegerin and Osteocalcin Up‐Regulation in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with several skeletal alterations, particularly in conditions of poor glycaemic control. Insulin therapy is the major conservative treatment for T1DM; however, the effects of this hormone on bone markers of T1DM rats are limited, and the regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, the evaluation of molecular and non‐molecular parameters in a chronic animal model of T1DM‐induced bone loss, treated with and without insulin, may help in elucidating the insulin mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: control, T1DM (T1DM rats induced with streptozotocin [STZ] at 40 mg/kg intravenously) and T1DM plus insulin therapy (T1DMI). After 8 weeks, we evaluated the serum biochemical, tibia histomorphometric and biomechanical parameters, as well as the gene expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteocalcin (OC) of femur mRNA. Compared with T1DM, the T1DMI group showed less bone loss, which was revealed by the increased trabecular width (TbWi, p < 0.001) and trabecular bone area (BAr, p < 0.01), reduced trabecular separation (TbSp, p < 0.01) and increased Young's modulus (p < 0.05). Moreover, molecular analyses indicated that the expression of OPG and OC was up‐regulated (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). In summary, the up‐regulation of OPG and OC in the T1DMI group supports an anabolic effect of insulin, which was demonstrated by the maintenance of bone architecture and flexibility. These results suggest that insulin therapy may prevent T1DM‐induced bone loss via the effects on the bone formation.
Focusing on Lexis in English Classrooms in Japan: Analyses of Textbook Exercises and Proposals for Consciousness-raising Activities

Recently the importance of focusing on lexis has been widely recognised in language acquisition theories. In particular, it is considered indispensable to deal with fixed expressions, lexical collocations and patterns, in consciousness-raising ways. This dissertation has attempted to reveal the problems of activities in the current English classrooms in Japan, especially regarding lexis teaching, and to propose activities that could develop learners’ competence to use the language. By analysing exercises from authorised textbooks, it has become obvious that English teaching in Japan has two problems. Firstly, the activities need to be more carefully constructed as to what knowledge they aim to develop in learners. There is too much emphasis on features of single words and not enough focus on lexical collocations. Secondly, the ways the activities are conducted need improvement. They merely require learners to memorise and manipulate the lexical items, and do not encourage learners to examine them. This dissertation proposes several activities, such as creating a learner’s concordance, comparing English collocations with Japanese collocations, and connecting patterns and meanings using reference materials. The activities should raise learners’ consciousness of the significant lexical items, and encourage learners to analyse the language and learn from their findings.
Dictionary of gray-level 3D patches for action recognition

This paper deals with action recognition in the context of video analysis based on the use of a sparse dictionary defined by the 3D spatio-temporal representation of the actions. A 3D volume can be seen as a set of gray-level 3D patches comprising 2D patches taken in successive frames in order to capture a motion pattern. The goal of our proposal is to recognize human actions within these 3D volumes whose 3D patches are described with the dictionary atoms. To that end, we compute a motion signature by building a histogram based on the use of the atoms of the dictionary. Paired with a SVM, we show that these signatures can be exploited in the context of action recognition. This method has been tested on the KTH database with good results.
Melatonin Attenuates Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Local Inflammation in Rat Adrenal Medulla

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induces lipid peroxidation and leads to cardiovascular dysfunction, in which impaired activities of the adrenal medulla are involved. This may be caused by CIH-induced injury in the adrenal medulla, for which the mechanism is currently undefined. We tested the hypothesis that melatonin ameliorates the CIH-induced lipid peroxidation, local inflammation and cellular injury in rat adrenal medulla. Adult Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to air (normoxic control) or hypoxia mimicking a severe recurrent sleep apnoeic condition for 14 days. The injection of melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was given before the daily hypoxic treatment. We found that levels of malondialdehyde and nitrotyrosine were significantly increased in the vehicle-treated hypoxic group, when compared with the normoxic control or hypoxic group treated with melatonin. Also, the protein levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 and SOD-2) were significantly lowered in the hypoxic group treated with vehicle but not in the melatonin group. In addition, the level of macrophage infiltration and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) and mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) were elevated in the vehicle-treated hypoxic group, but were significantly ameliorated by the melatonin treatment. Moreover, the amount of apoptotic cells in the hypoxic groups was significantly less in the melatonin-treated group. In conclusion, CIH-induced lipid peroxidation causes local inflammation and cellular injury in the adrenal medulla. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of melatonin are indicative of a protective agent against adrenal damage in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Shaming the Inside Game

Liberal expansionism is the dominant approach to addressing the problems of American cities. This approach combines liberal political philosophy with the idea that these problems can be solved only by creating linkages between cities and resources beyond their boundaries. The case for liberal expansionism derives from the shaming of the inside game—a critique of community development and the progressive capacities of cities themselves. I develop a countercritique of this notion. I find that much of it is unjustified by empirical evidence, and instead, results from ideological bias. This conclusion suggests that the dominance of liberal expansionism be questioned.
STEPWISE FILTER CORRELATION METHOD AND EVIDENCE OF SUPERPOSED VARIABILITY COMPONENTS IN GAMMA-RAY BURST PROMPT EMISSION LIGHT CURVES

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have variable light curves. Although most models attribute the observed variability to one physical origin (e.g., central engine activity, clumpy circumburst medium, or relativistic turbulence), some models invoke two physically distinct variability components. We develop a method, namely, the stepwise filter correlation method, to decompose the variability components in a GRB light curve. Based on a low-pass filter technique, we progressively filter the high-frequency signals from the light curve, and then perform a correlation analysis between each adjunct pair of filtered light curves. Our simulations suggest that if a mock light curve contains a “slow” variability component superposed on a rapidly varying time sequence, the correlation coefficient as a function of the filter frequency would display a prominent “dip” feature around the frequency of the slow component. Through simulations, we demonstrate that this method can identify significant clustering structures of a light curve in the frequency domain, and we prove that it can catch superposed signals that are otherwise not easy to retrieve based on other methods (e.g., the power density spectrum analysis method). We apply this method to 266 Burst and Transient Source Experiment bright GRBs. We find that the majority of the bursts have clear evidence of such a superposition effect. We perform a statistical analysis of the identified variability components and discuss the implications for GRB physics.
Sex-specific genetic variances in life-history and morphological traits of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus

Knowledge of heritability and genetic correlations are of central importance in the study of adaptive trait evolution and genetic constraints. We use a paternal half-sib-full-sib breeding design to investigate the genetic architecture of three life-history and morphological traits in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Heritability was significant for all traits under observation and genetic correlations between traits (rA) were low. Interestingly, we found substantial sex-specific genetic effects and low genetic correlations between sexes (rMF) in traits that are only moderately (weight at emergence) to slightly (longevity) sexually dimorphic. Furthermore, we found an increased sire () compared to dam () variance component within trait and sex. Our results highlight that the genetic architecture even of the same trait should not be assumed to be the same for males and females. Furthermore, it raises the issue of the presence of unnoticed environmental effects that may inflate estimates of heritability. Overall, our study stresses the fact that estimates of quantitative genetic parameters are not only population, time, environment, but also sex specific. Thus, extrapolation between sexes and studies should be treated with caution.
Preeclampsia Effect on Platelet Count

Thrombocytopenia is well recognized when preeclampsia is complicated by the hemolysis, elevated liver tests, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. We studied the effect of preeclampsia on the platelets of women whose platelet count and liver function were within normal range. We prospectively evaluated 67 preeclamptic women, gestational age 30 to 42 weeks, with disease of variable severity. The platelet counts of these patients, obtained within 24 hours preceding delivery, were significantly lower than the platelet counts of 71 control subjects. The platelet counts did not differ significantly between patients with mild and severe preeclampsia. Our findings suggest the existence of subclinical thrombocytopenia in preeclamptic women whose platelet values are within normal range.
Spreading the Word

The risks posed by deteriorating and substandard bridges, which cannot easily be inspected, provide a major challenge to the engineering profession and to those governments which resource maintenance work. The cost and disruption of investigations and costs associated with premature remedial or replacement work also make it essential to improve investigation and assessment procedures. If risks are to be correctly identified before failures occur, and remedial work is to be done effectively, research is needed to develop and disseminate best practice for engineers and material scientists in 3 areas. This article outlines and discusses these 3 areas: 1) identification of hidden defects arising from design, construction, or deterioration; 2) quantification of effects of deterioration on strength, robustness, and serviceability; and 3) defining limits of acceptable deterioration. A more rigorous investigation of deteriorating and collapsed structures using forensic techniques can provide essential information for developing improved inspection and assessment procedures for aging infrastructure, and should be based on fieldwork or rigorous lab examination and testing of large samples.
From Classroom to Boardroom and Ward

A strategic approach to internationalize learning in higher education institutions is to use the curriculum and classroom cultural diversity to create opportunities to broaden students’ intercultural perspectives, appreciate sociocultural variability in professional practice, and improve their intercultural interaction skills. There is no clear consensus, however, on how to “link the global classroom to the global workplace. ” The article examines an evidence-based approach to embed intercultural competency development in classroom teaching using an established intercultural resource (EXCELL) in an international human resource management course; a general communication course; a pharmacy course comprising only Saudi Arabian students; and a generic first year pharmacy course. Subsequently, stakeholder analyses with Business, Nursing, and Pharmacy academics and professionals led to the development of intercultural critical incidents for the curriculum. Strengths and limitations of the intercultural resource and recommendations for incorporating intercultural competency development in curriculum design in Business and Health disciplines are discussed.
Getting a Cue: The Need to Belong and Enhanced Sensitivity to Social Cues

To successfully establish and maintain social relationships, individuals need to be sensitive to the thoughts and feelings of others. In the current studies, the authors predicted that individuals who are especially concerned with social connectedness—individuals high in the need to belong—would be particularly attentive to and accurate in decoding social cues. In Study 1, individual differences in the need to belong were found to be positively related to accuracy in identifying vocal tone and facial emotion. Study 2 examined attention to vocal tone and accuracy in a more complex social sensitivity task (an empathic accuracy task). Replicating the results of Study 1, need to belong scores predicted both attention to vocal tone and empathic accuracy. Study 3 provided evidence that the enhanced performance shown by those high in the need to belong is specific to social perception skills rather than to cognitive problem solving more generally.