Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acid-soluble nucleotides of cow's, goat's and sheep's milks, at different stages of lactation

Summary The acid-soluble ribonucleotides of cow's, goat's and sheep's milks were measured by enzymic and ion-exchange chromatographic procedures at different stages of lactation. Colostra and milk from ruminant species contained orotic acid and 13 well-identified nucleotides: AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP, UDP, GDP, UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine, UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine, UDP-glucuronate, GDP-mannose and GDP-fucose. Cow's, goat's and sheep's colostrum contained significant amounts of nucleotides, which increased in amount from the moment of parturition, to reach a maximum 24–48 h later. The nucleotide concentration decreased thereafter with advancing lactation. Cow's milk contained substantial amounts of orotic acid, which increased during lactation, whereas in goat's and sheep's milk no increase took place. The cytidine and adenosine derivatives in ruminants' milk did not change significantly during lactation. The UDP-glucose/UDP-galactose ratio was measured in ruminants' milk at different stages of lactation.
The Case of the Failed Diversity Rule: A Multiple Streams Analysis

In 1988 Minnesota passed a Multicultural and Gender Fair Curriculum Rule ("diversity" rule) that held districts accountable through submitting a local inclusive education plan to the state department of education. Compliance was slow; thus, between 1991–1997 the State Board of Education added more "teeth" to the rule. When the revised diversity rule entered the policy arena, it precipitated a contentious battle about multicultural curriculum. Using a multiple streams framework (Kingdon, 1995) and a case study methodology, we sought to understand the events and to test the explanatory power of the framework. Results show that the diversity rule became pitted against a less controversial, resource-rich graduation standards approach in the solution stream. Ultimately, a vitriolic commentary in the Minneapolis Star Tribune resulted in power politics primarily from the governor. The rule was tabled, and in the fallout from the conflict, the legislature eliminated the State Board of Education as part of an omnibus education bill. The framework was helpful in understanding the events of the case but less explanatory about the role of media and power and in determining the "window of opportunity. " The outcome of the case raises questions about progress toward multicultural curriculum and the ability to write nonpartisan education policy in an increasingly politicized policymaking environment.
Economic evaluation of the randomized European Achalasia trial comparing pneumodilation with Laparoscopic Heller myotomy

A recent multicenter randomized trial in achalasia patients has shown that pneumatic dilation resulted in equivalent relief of symptoms compared to laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Additionally, the cost of each treatment should be also taken in consideration. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform an economic analysis of the European achalasia trial.
The role of human resource management (HRM) in Australian‐Malaysian joint ventures

Examines human resource management (HRM) for successful Australian‐Malaysian joint ventures (JVs), on the basis of survey data and case studies. The findings suggest that each phase of JV development had its own pattern of HR practices. Three phases of development were distinguished – initiation, transitional, and maturational. The first phase involved selecting, recruiting and training a skilled workforce and formulating rudimentary human resource policies. Cultural differences were most marked in this phase. The second phase, after three years of operation, involved evolution of human resource policies better suited to local conditions, and more polycentric management staffing. The final phase, after six years of operation, saw the development of a distinctive human resources system, and the minimisation of cultural differences as an operational issue. In this phase there was also a move to more geocentric management staffing. Other HR issues discussed are changing roles and relationships between JV partners in the different phases of development, and factors for JV success in the context of Australian‐Malaysian JVs.
Impact of SiO2/Si interface micro-roughness on SILC distribution and dielectric breakdown: A comparative study with atomically flattened devices

Stress Induced Leakage Current (SILC) limits the scaling of tunnel oxide of flash memory, because it increases with the decrease of the tunnel oxide thickness. Especially, anomalously large SILC that appears on the local spots can cause bit errors. We measured Qbd and SILC characteristics of the MOSFETs with the conventional and the atomically flattened SiO2/Si interfaces, and the impact of the micro-roughness on Qbd and SILC has been investigated. It was found that both the numbers of the defects inducing Qbd and anomalous SILC are reduced by introducing the atomically flat SiO2/Si interface. And the calculated excess electric field at a projecting part is approximately 5% larger than the atomically flat part by the SILC distribution and the electric field concentration simulation. It indicates that the SiO2/Si interface micro-roughness is one of the origins that induce both the anomalous SILC and early failure in dielectric breakdown, due to localized electric field concentration effect.
Beyond “Making It” or Not: Future Talk by Incarcerated Young Men

This article explores how incarcerated young men talked about the future. I use theories of cultural capital and methods informed by critical discourse analysis to analyze interviews with 15 young men and a series of essays about the future written by 10 different young men. It suggests new directions for analysis and programmatic use of future talk by and for incarcerated or similarly marginalized young people, specifically moving beyond well-established binaries of “making it” or “not making it,” which characterize research into marginalized young people’s aspirations, to focus instead on quieter but readily apparent future talk about “giving back” and “help[ing] others. ”
18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in the Evaluation of Cancer Treatment Response*

Multimodality imaging, as represented by its greatest exponent, PET/CT, has a firm place in the evaluation of a patient presenting with cancer. With 18F-FDG, PET/CT is rapidly becoming the key investigative tool for the staging and assessment of cancer recurrence. In the last 5 y, PET/CT has also gained widespread acceptance as a key tool used to demonstrate early response to intervention and therapy. In this setting, a major clinical need is being addressed with 18F-FDG PET/CT, because of its inherent ability to demonstrate (before other markers of response) if disease modification has occurred. This review presents available evidence to this effect.
Opportunities and barriers to forming a professional identity: communities of practice within UK funeral directing

Abstract The status of funeral directors, including whether or not the industry can be considered a legitimate ‘profession’, has long been a topic of interest in this journal. Contributing to this ongoing debate, this paper considers opportunities and barriers to professional development in the UK funeral industry. In so doing, the paper makes particular reference to ‘communities of practice’ (CP), a model of situated learning. Previous research in comparable sectors has indicated that CP enhances individual and organisational performance through emphasising commitment to sharing and developing best practice within an area of common interest. Drawing on interviews with and presentations given by funeral directors/arrangers, the paper examines perceptions of performance, alongside issues of mistrust and resistance to change. Data will show that participants conveyed a situation of competing forces in terms of a hierarchical structure within the industry that perpetuates a lack of incentive to invest in education and training. At the same time, a new generation of staff is developing an alternative vision of funeral directing, which includes wider public recognition of their skills. In view of the industry’s long-standing drive for professional standing, the paper identifies the potential of CP as a means of negotiating such competing forces to provide a medium through which issues associated with regulation can be addressed.
The use of statistics in L2 acquisition research

Second language acquisition (SLA) as a discipline has not had a long history and, as any new discipline, has seen growing pains over the years. This research timeline traces the development of the increased and more sophisticated use of statistics in SLA research and the increasing demands for rigor in their use. Use of statistical procedures has been increasing in the SLA literature, but the tools themselves have not developed from within the field; rather the increased use stems from greater statistical sophistication on the part of users. In other words, SLA is not an innovator but an increasingly knowledgeable borrower and adapter of statistical procedures.
Extending Families: The Social Networks of Parents and their Children

Foreword U. Bronfenbrenner Preface Part I. Ideas and Themes: 1. Personal networks in the ecology of human development M. Cochran Part II. Settings, Methods and Illustrations: 2. Settings and methods D. Riley et al 3. The social networks interview L. Gunnarsson 4. Descriptive illustrations M. Cochran and C. R. Henderson, Jr. Part III. The Influences of Race, Class and Culture: 5. Social networks, race and ethnicity W. E. Cross, Jr 6. The social networks of married mothers in four cultures M. Cochran et al 7. The social support networks of single parents: Sweden and the United States M. Cochran and L. Gunnarsson Part IV. Impacts on Perceptions and Performance: 8. Network influences upon perception of the child: solo parenting and social support M. Cochran and C. R. Henderson, Jr. 9. Network influences on father involvement in childrearing D. Riley 10. The social networks of six-year-olds: context, content and consequence M. Cochran and D. Riley Part V. Changes in Networks Over Time: 11. Changes in network resources and relationships over time M. Larner 12. Local residential mobility and its effects on social networks: a cross-cultural comparison M. Larner 13. Formal supports and informal social ties: a case study M. Cochran and C. R. Henderson, Jr. Part VI. Social Networks and Human Development: 14. The network as an environment for human development M. Cochran 15. Environmental factors constraining network development M. Cochran 16. Factors influencing personal social initiative M. Cochran 17. Personal networks and public policy M. Cochran Appendix 1. The social network interviews Endnotes References.
Precious, pure, uncivilised, vulnerable: infant embodiment in Australian popular media

This article describes how infants' bodies were portrayed in a range of Australian popular media texts. Four main discourses on infant embodiment were identified: the infant as ‘precious’, ‘pure’, ‘uncivilised’ and ‘vulnerable’. While, on the one hand, infants were positioned as the most valuable and affectively appealing of humans, they were alternatively represented as uncivilised. Infant bodies were portrayed as appropriately inhabiting the domestic sphere of the home and as barely tolerated or even as excluded in the public sphere. The discussion looks at how concepts of ‘nature’, civility and Self and Otherness underpinned the identified discourses.
The Relationship between Attitudes toward Participation in Physical Activities and Motives for Choosing Teaching Physical Education as a Career.

This study aims at investigating the relationship between physical education teachers’ attitudes toward participation in physical activity and their motives toward choosing physical education as a teaching profession. Two questionnaires with a sample of 98 participants were employed as a data collection vehicle. The results showed that participants in this study had strong attitudes toward physical activities. Furthermore, participants expressed a mixture of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons as to why they opted for physical education as a teaching profession. Moreover, the findings revealed a significant relationship between participants' attitudes toward participation in physical activity and their motives toward choosing physical education as a teaching profession.
Unravelling student challenges with quadratics: A cognitive approach

My secondary school mathematics students have often reported to me that quadratic relations are one of the most conceptually challenging aspects of the high school curriculum. From my own classroom experiences, there seemed to be several aspects to the students’ challenges. Many students, even in their early secondary education, have difficulty with basic multiplication table fact retrieval. Difficulty retrieving multiplication facts directly influences students’ ability to engage effectively in factorisation of quadratics, since factorisation is a process of finding products within the multiplication table. Finally, students also find it challenging to recognise and understand varied representations of the same quadratic relationship. In my own classroom, I had explored various pedagogical strategies in order to mediate for the challenges that I have outlined — everything from rehearsal to real world applications. However, I felt that my pedagogical efforts lacked the necessary insight on how the brain creates memory and felt that my pedagogical directions might be enhanced with this knowledge. Therefore, in order to construct my own classroom solutions, I turned to cognitive science to assist me in better understanding the mechanisms of fact retrieval. I surmised that problems with quadratic relations might potentially be linked to the ways in which the brain constructs cognitive representations and this knowledge might in turn inform my pedagogical decision making as a classroom teacher. This article is a sharing of my investigation. Linking cognitive science to pedagogy To better understand the problems students experience with quadratic relations, I draw from cognitive science researchers, Phenix and Campbell (2001), who suggest that order matters in the brain’s ability to retrieve numeric facts. Their research is useful in understanding students’ problems with factorisation and with identifying varied representations of the same quadratic relationship. Before I detail their research, I begin with an overview of the kinds of memory capabilities our brains have in order to situate why, as teachers of mathematics, we need to pay attention to Phenix and Campbell’s claims.
Child Psychiatry and the Developing World: Recent Developments

ABSIRACT: The authors examine the growth and role of child psychiatry in the developing world over the last 25 years. They review national epidemiologi cal studies of the prevalence of child psychiatric disorders, culture-specific symptoms of maladjustment and the evidence for culture-specific parenting patterns. They consider the impact of social change on psychiatric disorders in the Third World, identify ing specific protective factors (e.g. gender, intelli gence, special schooling, social skills) and vulner ability factors (e.g. poor diet). The authors then examine the role of culturally sensitive intervention strategies. Training programs for child psychiatrists in the developing world must encompass both medical and public health models. The review closes with a brief discussion of urgent research questions and a summary of the most pressing clinical requirements for child psychiatry in the developing world.
MobCCN: a CCN-compliant protocol for data collection with opportunistic contacts in IoT environments

In IoT environments, a significant fraction of services can be expected to be relevant and contextualised to the physical area where data is generated. This is due to the typical strong bond between IoT devices and the physical environment where they are located. Moreover, communication patterns may be largely content-centric rather than device-centric, as interest would be in getting the data, irrespective of where they are generated or stored. In this paper we propose MobCCN, a content-centric network protocol to support data delivery in presence of tiny IoT devices (such as sensors) and users' personal mobile devices (such as smartphones). MobCCN joins together opportunistic networking techniques (to support contextualised, proximity-based communications) and Information Centric Networking (ICN) to support content-centric communication patterns. MobCCN defines a new CCN-like routing and forwarding algorithm, which dynamically builds a gradient-based content-dissemination graph using estimates of the contact rates between nodes, and between nodes and the data that is produced and stored in the network. While preserving compatibility with the standard CCN mechanisms, the MobCCN algorithm makes CCN routing and forwarding suitable for opportunistic networking environments. We have implemented MobCCN in CCN-lite, a de-facto standard lightweight implementation of CCN, which is suitable for resource-constrained devices. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach both in terms of scalability and efficiency.
Fibromialgia y emociones negativas

Anxiety and depression are some of the most frequent symptoms that the diagnosed patients of fibromialgy suffer. These dysfunctions don't seem to be the cause but they increase their main symptoms and constitute a singular characteristic in their diagnosis. The objective of this study was to corroborate the existent relationship between anxiety and depression in people with fibromialgy, as well as to verify if these patients present a specific profile for this pathology. The answers of anxiety and depression of a group of 36 patient with fibromialgy have been compared with another group of 44 subject with non-fibromialgic chronic pain, and with a third group of 34 healthy people (control). All subjects were evaluated through a double blind procedure, using anxiety and depression questionnaires. Results indicate the existence of a specific profile in patients with fibromialgy regarding anxiety and depression that allows a better characterization of this pathology and therefore can contribute to their differential diagnosis.
Genotoxic Effects of Diuron Contaminated Soil on the Root Meristem Cells of Allium sativum: A Possible Mechanism of Chromosome Damage

Diuron, a persistant substituted urea herbicide, was tested in the root meristem cells of Allium sativum for the possible cytogenetic effects and to compare the sensitivity with Allium cepa. Test concentrations of diuron 22.5, 45.0, and 90.0 ppm were mixed in soil and the cloves of A. sativum were placed over diuron-contaminated soils. Root meristematic cells were sampled at 48 h to score Mitotic/Chromosomal aberrations and to analyze the effect on mitotic index (MI). Microscopic analyses revealed significant and dose-dependent induction of mitotic as well as chromosomal breaks. The frequency of mitotic aberrations was every time found much higher than that of chromosomal aberrations. Mild percentage of Micronucleated and Binucleated cells was observed, as MI also declined during the analysis. Based on the data of valence charge densities on the atoms of herbicide molecule and spectroscopic studies, a possible mechanism of interaction of diuron with DNA molecule for chromosomal aberrations has been proposed.
Breath hydrogen after ingestion of the bulk sweeteners sorbitol, isomalt and sucrose in chocolate

The effect of eating chocolate containing sugar alcohols as sweetening agents on colonic fermentation has been investigated by monitoring breath H2 levels. Levels were compared with those occurring after the consumption of normal, sugar-containing chocolate. Ten healthy volunteers aged 19 to 21 years ingested equal amounts of either sorbitol, isomalt or sucrose incorporated into standard chocolate bars. Breath H2 levels after consumption of chocolate containing either sorbitol or isomalt were significantly higher than those after consumption of chocolate containing sucrose (P < 0.001). After consumption of chocolate containing sorbitol, double the mean estimated volume of breath H2 was produced over 6 h compared with that produced after eating chocolate containing isomalt. Taken together with results relating to the incidence of intolerance symptoms, these findings demonstrate that sorbitol is associated with greater colonic fermentation compared with isomalt.
Asymptotic Capacity of Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Networks

An infrastructure wireless mesh network (WMN) is a hierarchical network consisting of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. Mesh routers constitute a wireless mesh backbone, to which mesh clients are connected as a star topology, and gateways are chosen among mesh routers providing Internet access. In this paper, the throughput capacity of infrastructure WMNs is studied. For such a network with Nc randomly distributed mesh clients, Nr regularly placed mesh routers and Ng gateways, assuming that each mesh router can transmit at W bits/s, the per-client throughput capacity has been derived as a function of Nc , Nr , Ng and W . The result illustrates that, in order to achieve high capacity performance, the number of mesh routers and the number of gateways must be properly chosen. It also reveals that an infrastructure WMN can achieve the same asymptotic throughput capacity as that of a hybrid ad hoc network by choosing only a small number of mesh routers as gateways. This property makes WMNs a very promising solution for future wireless networking.
Development Effects of Electrification: Evidence from the Geologic Placement of Hydropower Plants in Brazil

We estimate the development effects of electrification across Brazil over the period 1960–2000. We simulate a time series of hypothetical electricity grids for Brazil for the period 1960–2000 that show how the grid would have evolved had infrastructure investments been made based solely on geography-based cost considerations. Using the model as an instrument, we document large positive effects of electrification on development that are underestimated when one fails to account for endogenous targeting. Broad-based improvement in labor productivity across sectors and regions rather than general equilibrium re-sorting appears to be the likely mechanism by which these development gains are realized. (JEL H54, L94, O11, O13, Q41, Q43)
N-Gram-Based Statistical Machine Translation versus Syntax Augmented Machine Translation: Comparison and System Combination

In this paper we compare and contrast two approaches to Machine Translation (MT): the CMU-UKA Syntax Augmented Machine Translation system (SAMT) and UPC-TALP N-gram-based Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). SAMT is a hierarchical syntax-driven translation system underlain by a phrase-based model and a target part parse tree. In N-gram-based SMT, the translation process is based on bilingual units related to word-to-word alignment and statistical modeling of the bilingual context following a maximum-entropy framework. We provide a step-by-step comparison of the systems and report results in terms of automatic evaluation metrics and required computational resources for a smaller Arabic-to-English translation task (1.5M tokens in the training corpus). Human error analysis clarifies advantages and disadvantages of the systems under consideration. Finally, we combine the output of both systems to yield significant improvements in translation quality.