Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of thiocyanate ions to the dodecanol/water interface characterized by UV second harmonic generation

Recent experimental and theoretical results have firmly established the existence of enhanced concentrations of selected ions at the air/water interface. Ion adsorption to aqueous interfaces involving complex organic molecules is relevant to biology in connection with the familiar but incompletely understood Hofmeister effects. Here, we describe resonant UV second harmonic generation (SHG) studies of the strongly chaotropic thiocyanate ion adsorbed to the interface formed by water and a monolayer of dodecanol, wherein the Gibbs free energy of adsorption was determined to be −6.7 ± 1.1 and −6.3 ± 1.8 kJ/mol for sodium and potassium thiocyanate, respectively, coincident with the value determined for thiocyanate at the air/water interface. Interestingly, near 4 M and higher concentrations, the resonant SHG signal increases discontinuously, indicating a structural change in the interfacial region.
Environmental and Economically Sustainable Cellular Networks

The Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure is recognized as a key enabler to the growth of the global economy. With increased data transfer, there is an unprecedented growth in the associated energy consumption, carbon emissions and operational cost of ICT. In order for operators to increase competitiveness, the challenge is how to satisfy the growing data demand, whilst reducing the energy consumption and costs. This paper considers the wireless cellular network for both outdoor and indoor environments. Novel and theoretical bounds are presented for energy and cost savings. Investigation results show that with careful redesign of the cellular network architecture, up to 60–70% reduction in energy consumption and 25% in OPEX can be achieved for indoor and outdoor environments. Furthermore, a detailed sensitivity analysis is also presented, which is novel and beneficial to future researchers.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Unemployment rate in Nigeria (1980-2015)

The study examined the impact of foreign direct investment on unemployment rate in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015. The study used two explanatory variables (foreign direct investment and capital formation) and one explained variable (unemployment rate). Test carried out include unit root test, co-integration test, and ordinary least square. The study revealed that: There is negative and insignificant relationship between foreign direct investment and unemployment rate in Nigeria, there is positive and significant relationship between capital formation and unemployment rate in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends that, government should implement policies that will attract foreign investors to Nigeria in order to make more investments and should also ensure that all resources for productive activities are fully employed before going into any form of savings.
Novel High-$Q$  MEMS Curled-Plate Variable Capacitors Fabricated in 0.35-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS Technology

Two microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) curled-plate variable capacitors, built in 0.35-mum CMOS technology, are presented. The plates of the presented capacitors are intentionally curled upward to control the tuning performance. A newly developed maskless post-processing technique that is appropriate for MEMS/CMOS circuits is also presented. This technique consists of dry-and wet-etching steps and is developed to implement the proposed MEMS variable capacitors in CMOS technology. The capacitors are simulated mechanically by using the finite-element method in ANSYS, and the results are compared with the measured results. Two novel structures are presented. The first capacitor is a tri-state structure that exhibits a measured tuning range of 460% at 1 GHz with a flat capacitance response that is superior to that of conventional digital capacitors. The proposed capacitor is simulated in Ansoft's high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and the capacitance extracted is compared with the measured capacitance over a frequency range of 1-5 GHz. The second capacitor is an analog continuous structure that demonstrates a measured continuous tuning range of 115% at 1 GHz with no pull-in. The measured quality factor is better than 300 at 1.5 GHz. The proposed curled-plate capacitors have a small area and can be realized to build a system-on-chip.
The Trace Ratio Optimization Problem

This paper considers the problem of optimizing the ratio $\mathrm{Tr}[V^{T}AV]/\mathrm{Tr}[V^{T}BV]$ over all unitary matrices $V$ with $p$ columns, where $A,B$ are two positive definite matrices. This problem is common in supervised learning techniques. However, because its numerical solution is typically expensive it is often replaced by the simpler optimization problem which consists of optimizing $\mathrm{Tr}[V^{T}AV]$ under the constraint that $V^{T}BV=I$, the identity matrix. The goal of this paper is to examine this trace ratio optimization problem in detail, to consider different algorithms for solving it, and to illustrate the use of these algorithms for dimensionality reduction.
Impact of Empowering Leadership on Employee Creativity by Motivation to Learn and Trust in Leader as a Mediation

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of empowering leadership on the employee creativity by motivation to learn and trust in leader as a mediation variable. The population in this study is all State-Owned Bank Employees in Semarang City. Methods of data collection using observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Sampling technique using multi-stage sampling technique. The sample size is 220 people. Methods of data analysis using descriptive analysis, goodness-fit model analysis, regression analysis, and path analysis. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model (SEM) with WarpPLS version 6.0. The results show that empowering leadership positively influences motivation to learn, trust in leader, and employee creativity. In addition, the results of the study also showed that motivation to learn and trust in leader have a positive effect on employee creativity. Furthermore, the motivation to learn and trust in the leader is able to mediate between empowering leadership on employee creativity. The conclusion of this research is to produce a creative employee, it takes the role of a leader who can empower his subordinates. The ability of leaders to empower their subordinates will have a good impact on their employees, especially increasing the motivation to learn and trust in leaders. So that employees are optimal in expressing their creativity in the workplace. Suggestions for state-owned banking management that is more able to pay attention to the needs of employees and give confidence in subordinates to participate in solving problems.
Diverse and Changing Family Structure During Early Childhood

Volume 4, Fascicle 4, December 2010 The context in which children are born and grow up in Quebec has considerably changed during the past 30 years. Couple instability now comprises one of the main changes children are experiencing in their family environment. This has led to increasing diversity and complexity in family trajectories during childhood and adolescence. As a result, following the dissolution of their parents’ union, many children experience the addition to their family network of halfor step-brothers or halfor step-sisters (the latter with whom they have no biological or adoptive relationship) (Juby, Marcil-Gratton and Le Bourdais, 2005).
Factors Affecting life Satisfaction of Employees under Financial Threat

Purpose- Life satisfaction is a level in which feelings of people are affected positively or negatively about their lives. Employees whose lives are more satisfied are generally more committed with their works, reveal low absenteeism and more efficient in doing duties. This study aims to investigate what factors affect life satisfaction of employees in the banking sector specifically in the Pakistani context. Design/Methodology- The target population of this study was non-managerial employees of banks in Lahore. Total 340 questionnaires were distributed among employees in which 60 were filled incomplete and 30 were lost. The data were collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed to 250 respondents. Findings- The findings of structural equation modeling showed that economic hardship, prospective anxiety, and work stress has a negative impact on life satisfaction. Results also show that economic hardship and prospective anxiety has a positive impact on the financial threat. The financial threat is negatively related to life satisfaction. Practical Implications- It can also help managers to understand the insight of employee adverse financial decision making. Managers also make guidelines which may minimize all the consequences of psychological distress. It also helps in identifying methods to reduce anxiety, stress and economic hardship.
Hubble Space Telescope Near-infrared and Optical Imaging of Faint Radio Sources in the Distant Cluster Cl 0939+4713

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera and Multiobject Spectrograph (NICMOS) and Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) optical imaging of a small region in the core of the distant rich cluster Cl 0939+4713 (z = 0.41). We compare the optical and near-infrared morphologies of cluster members and find apparent small-scale optical structures within the galaxies that are absent in the near-infrared. We conclude that strong dust obscuration is a common feature in the late-type galaxies in distant clusters. We then concentrate on a sample of 10 faint radio galaxies lying within our NICMOS field and selected from a very deep 1.4 GHz VLA map of the cluster with a 1 σ flux limit of 9 μJy. Using published data we focus on the spectral properties of the eight radio-selected cluster members and show that these comprise a large fraction of the poststarburst population in the cluster. The simplest interpretation of the radio emission from these galaxies is that they are currently forming massive stars, contradicting their classification as poststarburst systems based on the optical spectra. We suggest that this star formation is hidden from view in the optical by the same obscuring dust that is apparent in our comparison on the optical and near-infrared morphologies of these galaxies. We caution that even in the rest-frame optical the effects of dust cannot be ignored when comparing samples of distant galaxies to low-redshift systems, particularly if dust is as prevalent in distant galaxies as appears to be the case in our study.
Using Brain-Based Learning to Promote Students’ Concept Mastery in Learning Electric Circuit

Teaching approaches in some school are still concentrating on memorizing. Teachers have to make the learning is meaningful for the students. One of the alternative tool is by using Brain-Based Learning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Brain-Based Learning on students’ concept mastery in learning electric circuit for 8th-grade students. The method used in this research was experimental research. The research design that used is pretest and posttest design. The sample was taken by cluster random sampling technique. Participants were 49 students at one of International Secondary School in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Experiment group learn with Brain-Based Learning (N=26) while control group learn with lectured based learning (N=23). The results of students’ concept mastery that learned using Brain-Based Learning is better than students’ concept mastery that learned using lectured-based learning. The improvement of students’ concept mastery can be noticed by independent t-test with significant 0.003. Based on the analysis of students’ concept mastery results, the N-Gain score in experiment group is 0.43 which categorized as medium improvement while in control group is 0.25 which categorized as low improvement. Based on this results showed that Brain-Based Learning can be an alternative tool to improve students’ concept mastery significantly.
Design profiles: toward unified tool support for design patterns and UML profiles

In the current trend of software engineering, patterns and profiles lend themselves as two powerful complementary mechanisms for documenting and enforcing design rules. In this paper, we study how unified tool support can be achieved for patterns and profiles by interpreting them as role‐based structural descriptions and exploiting existing tool support for role modeling. The approach is realized using so‐called design profiles, which allow both validation and generation of models according to rules expressed in the patterns and profiles. A prototypical tool environment supporting the approach has been developed. The practical applicability of the approach is demonstrated by specifying design rules of the enterprise Java beans (EJB) platform and by producing an environment for designing EJB‐based applications. We also discuss possible usage scenarios in the context of this case study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust controller design for PTP motion of vertical XY positioning systems with a flexible beam

This paper presents a point-to-point (PTP) motion control method for accurate positioning and vibration suppression of a vertical XY positioning system with a flexible beam. The proposed method is composed of a feedforward and feedback controller. The input preshaping based on the analytic modeling and frequency equation of the system is proposed as a feedforward controller to produce the desired responses. The feedback controller based on a robust internal-loop compensator is designed to meet the specified performance and to stabilize the whole system in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. By integrating the input preshaping controller and feedback controller, it is shown that the system is stable and the vibration of the flexible beam is suppressed. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated experimentally on an XY positioning system which consists of a base cart, elastic beam and moving mass.
Variable circular polarization associated with relativistic ejections from GRS 1915 + 105

We report the discovery of variable circularly polarized radio emission associated with relativistic ejections from GRS 1915 + 105, based on observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN). Following a radio flare in 2001 January, significant and variable circular polarization, at a fractional level of 0.2–0.4 per cent, was measured with ATCA at four frequencies between 1 and 9 GHz. Following an additional outburst 65 d later in 2001 March, further ATCA observations measured a comparable sign and level of circular polarization at two frequencies. At this second epoch, contemporaneous MERLIN observations directly imaged a relativistic ejection event and allowed us confidently to associate both the circularly and the linearly polarized emission with the relativistic ejecta, allowing a detailed measurement of the full polarization properties in the optically thin phase. The fractional circular polarization spectrum appears to flatten at higher frequencies in 2001 January, when there is strong evidence for multiple components at different optical depths. While we cannot conclusively distinguish between synchrotron or propagation-induced conversion as the origin of the circularly polarized component, we do not consider that coherent or birefringent scintillation mechanisms are likely. The implication is therefore that the ejections from GRS 1915 + 105 are associated with a significant population of low-energy electrons, with associated consequences for the energetics of relativistic ejection events. We briefly compare the data for SS 433 and GRS 1915 + 105 with those for active galactic nuclei, and note that linear-to-circular polarization ratios 1 at the higher frequencies, illustrating the role of Faraday depolarization. In addition, the 2001 January ATCA observations reveal a linear polarization ‘rotator’ event, probing the (variable) orientation of the magnetic field structure in the outflow.
Clonazepam Treatment of Pathologic Childhood Aerophagia with Psychological Stresses

The treatment of pathologic aerophagia has rarely been discussed in the literature. In this retrospective study, the authors investigated the effects of clonazepam on the management of pathologic childhood aerophagia (PCA) with psychological stresses (PS), but not with mental retardation. Data from 22 consecutive PCA patients with PS (aged 2 to 10 yr), who had been followed up for over 1 yr, were reviewed. On the basis of videolaryngoscopic views, the authors observed that the pathologyof aerophagia was the result of reflex-induced swallowing with paroxysmal openings of the upper esophageal sphincter due to unknown factors and also observed that these reflex-induced openings were subsided after intravenous low dose benzodiazepine administration. Hence, clonazepam was administered to treat paroxysmal openings in these PCA patients with PS. Remission positivity was defined as symptom-free for a consecutive 1 month within 6 months of treatment. The results of treatment in 22 PCA patients with PS were analyzed. A remission positive state was documented in 14.3% of PCA patients managed by reassurance, and in 66.7% of PCA patients treated with clonazepam (p=0.032). Thus, clonazepam may produce positive results in PCA with PS. Future studies by randomized and placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm the favorable effect of clonazepam in PCA.
Report Cards: The Impact of Providing School and Child Test Scores on Educational Markets

This paper studies study the impact of providing school and child test scores on subsequent test scores, prices, and enrollment in markets with multiple public and private providers. A randomly selected half of the sample villages (markets) received report cards. This increased test scores by 0.11 standard deviations, decreased private school fees by 17 percent, and increased primary enrollment by 4.5 percent. Heterogeneity in the treatment impact by initial school quality is consistent with canonical models of asymmetric information. Information provision facilitates better comparisons across providers, improves market efficiency and raises child welfare through higher test scores, higher enrollment, and lower fees.
The Answer Is in the Question? Mood Effects on Processing Verbal Information and Impression Formation

Can good or bad mood influence how people process verbal information about others? Based on affect-cognition theories, this experiment predicted and found that the way a question is phrased has a greater influence on impressions than actual answers when judges are experiencing a negative rather than a neutral or positive mood. After an audiovisual mood induction, participants witnessed interview questions and responses by two target characters. The same level of extroversion was communicated, either by affirmative responses to questions about extraversion, or by negative responses to questions about introversion. Question format had a significant influence on impressions in negative mood but not in neutral or positive mood. The implications of these results for interpreting linguistic information in everyday social life are considered, and their relevance to contemporary affect-cognition theorizing is discussed.
The role of sediments in the carbon budget of a small boreal lake

We investigated the role of lake sediments as carbon (C) source and sink in the annual C budget of a small (0.07 km2) and shallow (mean depth, 3.4 m), humic lake in boreal Sweden. Organic carbon (OC) burial and mineralization in the sediments were quantified from 210Pb‐dated sediment and laboratory sediment incubation experiments, respectively. Burial and mineralization rates were then upscaled to the entire basin and to one whole year using sediment thickness derived from sub‐bottom profiling, basin morphometry, and water column monitoring data of temperature and oxygen concentration. Furthermore, catchment C import, open water metabolism, photochemical mineralization as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere were quantified to relate sediment processes to other lake C fluxes. We found that on a whole‐basin and annual scale, sediment OC mineralization was three times larger than OC burial, and contributed about 16% to the annual CO2 emission. Other contributions to CO2 emission were water column metabolism (31%), photochemical mineralization (6%), and catchment imports via inlet streams and inflow of shallow groundwater (22%). The remainder (25%) could not be explained by our flux calculations, but was most likely attributed to an underestimation in groundwater inflow. We conclude that on an annual and whole‐basin scale (1) sediment OC mineralization dominated over OC burial, (2) water column OC mineralization contributed more to lake CO2 emission than sediment OC mineralization, and (3) catchment import of C to the lake was greater than lake‐internal C cycling.
Soft-Error in SRAM at Ultra-Low Voltage and Impact of Secondary Proton in Terrestrial Environment

This paper presents soft-error measurement results through neutron and alpha irradiation tests and simulation in SRAM at ultra-low voltages, down to 0.19 V. Soft-error-rate at 0.19 V is higher than at 1.0 V by two orders of magnitude. This measurement result supported by simulation clarifies that direct ionization from secondary protons generated by nuclear reaction with neutron collision contribute to a dramatic increase in SRAM soft-error-rate at ultra-low voltages in terrestrial environment.
Simulations of the Poynting-Robertson Cosmic Battery in Resistive Accretion Disks

We describe the results of numerical ``2.5-dimensional” MHD simulations of an initially unmagnetized disk orbiting a central point mass and responding to the continual generation of poloidal magnetic field by a secular source emulating the Poynting-Robertson (PR) drag on electrons in the vicinity of a luminous stellar or compact accreting object. The secular PR term has dual purpose both as the magnetic field source and the trigger of magnetorotational instability (MRI). The disk and surrounding hotter atmosphere fluids have finite resistivity, allowing the magnetic field to diffuse out of its generation sites, while at the same time the disk differential rotation twists the poloidal field and induces a substantial toroidal-field component. For moderate disk resistivity (diffusion timescales up to ~16 local dynamical times) and after ~100 orbits, the MRI allows the fluid of the disk inner edge along with its magnetic flux to flow toward the central point mass where a new, magnetized, nuclear disk forms. The toroidal field in this nuclear disk is amplified by differential rotation and, when near equipartition, unwinds vertically, producing episodic jetlike outflows. For diffusion times longer than the flow time, the poloidal field in the inner region cannot diffuse out; it grows linearly in time, as the outer sections of new poloidal loops are drawn outward by the MRI while their inner sections continue to accumulate onto the compact inner disk. However, for low resistivity (diffusion timescales larger than ~16 local dynamical times), the inflowing matter does not form a nuclear disk or jets and the linear growth of the poloidal magnetic field is interrupted after ~20 orbits because of magnetic reconnection and asymmetric outflows.