Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observables and correlators in non-relativistic ABJM theory

Non-relativistic ABJM theory is defined by Galilean limit of mass-deformed = 6 Chern-Simons theory. Holographic string theory dual to the theory is not known yet. To understand features candidate gravity dual might exhibit, we examine local and nonlocal physical observables and their correlations in the non-relativistic ABJM theory. We show that gauge invariant local observables correspond to zero-norm states and that correlation functions among them are trivial. We also show that a particular class of nonlocal observables, Wilson loops, are topological in the sense that their correlation functions coincide with those of pure Chern-Simons theory. We argue that the theory is nevertheless physical and illustrate several physical observables whose correlation functions are nontrivial. We also study quantum aspects. We show that Chern-Simons level is finitely renormalized and that dilatation operator is trivial at planar limit. These results all point to string scale geometry of gravity dual and to intriguing topological and tensionless nature of dual string or M theory defined on it.
Complementarities and Games: New Developments

The theory of monotone comparative statics and supermodular games is presented as the appropriate tool to model complementarities. The approach, which has not yet been fully incorporated into the standard toolbox of researchers, makes the analysis intuitive and simple, helps in deriving new results and in casting new light on old ones. The paper takes stock of recent contributions and develops applications to industrial organization (oligopoly, R&D, and dynamics), finance (currency and banking crisis) and macroeconomics (adjustment and menu costs). Particular attention is devoted to Markov games and to games of incomplete information (including global games).
A PTAS for Scheduling with Tree Assignment Restrictions

Scheduling with assignment restrictions is an important special case of scheduling unrelated machines which has attracted much attention in the recent past. While a lower bound on approximability of 3/2 is known for its most general setting, subclasses of the problem admit polynomial-time approximation schemes. This note provides a PTAS for tree-like hierarchical structures, improving on a recent 4/3-approximation by Huo and Leung.
Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s: Research Studies

This is a volume of previously unpublished research studies that were conducted during the Management in the 1990s project at the Sloan School of MIT. It is a companion volume to the principal book of the project, The Corporation of the 1990s: Information Technology and Organizational Transformation. This book is organized into three sections: the IT Revolution; Strategic Options; and The Organization and Management Response. Authors of the studies are among the most prominent of the Sloan School people, including Eric Von Hippel, Edgar Schein, Michael Piore, Paul Osterman, and Thomas Kochan. There are introductions to the volume and to the sections.
Opinion Summarization with Integer Linear Programming Formulation for Sentence Extraction and Ordering

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for opinion summarization that takes account of content and coherence, simultaneously. We consider a summary as a sequence of sentences and directly acquire the optimum sequence from multiple review documents by extracting and ordering the sentences. We achieve this with a novel Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation. Our proposed formulation is a powerful mixture of the Maximum Coverage Problem and the Traveling Salesman Problem, and is widely applicable to text generation and summarization tasks. We score each candidate sequence according to its content and coherence. Since our research goal is to summarize reviews, the content score is defined by opinions and the coherence score is developed in training against the review document corpus. We evaluate our method using the reviews of commodities and restaurants. Our method outperforms existing opinion summarizers as indicated by its ROUGE score. We also report the results of human readability experiments.
Inhibition of lipase activities by basic polysaccharide Published, JLR Papers in Press, November 8, 2006.

Basic polysaccharide strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of trioleoylglycerol (TO) emulsified with phosphatidylcholine and taurocholate by either pancreatic lipase or carboxylester lipase. DEAE-Sephadex dose-dependently inhibited the hydrolysis of TO by pancreatic lipase and carboxylester lipase; however, carboxymethyl-Sephadex and Sephadex G-50 did not inhibit the hydrolysis. Polydextrose (PD), a soluble polysaccharide, was a very weak inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. However, when a basic group, a DEAE group, was attached to PD, lipase inhibition by DEAE-PD was increased, and this was dependent on the substitution ratio of DEAE groups. The number of positive charges per PD molecule is important in lipase inhibition. Similar substitution effects were observed with other basic groups, such as piperidinoethyl and 3-triethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl. The natural basic polysaccharide, chitosan, also inhibited pancreatic lipase activity. Gel-filtration experiments suggested that DEAE-PD did not bind strongly to pancreatic lipase. The effect of DEAE-PD on TO hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase was studied using various emulsifiers: DEAE-PD (50 μg/ml) did not inhibit the hydrolysis of TO emulsified with arabic gum, phosphatidylserine, or phosphatidic acid. In vivo, oral administration of DEAE-PD to rats reduced the peak plasma triacylglycerol concentration and increased fecal lipid excretion. These results suggest that basic polysaccharide is able to suppress dietary fat absorption from the small intestine by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity.
Influence of Different Professional Prophylactic Methods on Fluorescence Measurements for Detection of Occlusal Caries

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of professional prophylactic methods on the DIAGNOdent 2095, DIAGNOdent 2190 and VistaProof performance in detecting occlusal caries. Assessments were performed in 110 permanent teeth at baseline and after bicarbonate jet or prophylactic paste and rinsing. Performance in terms of sensitivity improved after rinsing of the occlusal surfaces when the prophylactic paste was used. However, the sodium bicarbonate jet did not significantly influence the performance of the fluorescence-based methods. It can be concluded that different professional prophylactic methods can significantly influence the performance of fluorescence-based methods for occlusal caries detection.
Differential Induction of Connexins 26 and 30 in Skin Tumors and Their Adjacent Epidermis

Gap junctions (GJs) have been shown to play a role in tumor progression including a variety of keratinocyte-derived and non-keratinocyte-derived skin tumors. Here we show that the synthesis of the GJ proteins connexin 26 and connexin 30 (Cx26 and Cx30) is induced in keratinocyte-derived epithelial skin tumors whereas there is either no change or a downregulation of Cx43. Cx26, Cx30, and Cx43 are absent in non-epithelial skin tumors. Further, Cx26 and Cx30 are induced in the epidermis adjacent to malignant melanoma but absent in the epidermis adjacent to benign non-epithelial skin lesions (melanocytic nevi and angioma). The keratinocyte-derived skin tumors are very heterogeneous regarding the Cx26/Cx30 pattern in the epidermis at the periphery of the tumors. We did not observe any difference in the localization of the very similar proteins Cx26 and Cx30 but a variation in intensity of immunoreactivity. As the staining patterns of Cx26 and Cx30 antibodies are not identical to those of CK6, a marker for hyperproliferation, and CK17, a marker for trauma, we discuss that the induction of these gap junctional proteins exceeds a reflection of reactive hyperproliferative or traumatized epidermis. We further discuss the putative roles of these gap junctional proteins in tumor progression.
Dissociating task difficulty from incongruence in face-voice emotion integration

In the everyday environment, affective information is conveyed by both the face and the voice. Studies have demonstrated that a concurrently presented voice can alter the way that an emotional face expression is perceived, and vice versa, leading to emotional conflict if the information in the two modalities is mismatched. Additionally, evidence suggests that incongruence of emotional valence activates cerebral networks involved in conflict monitoring and resolution. However, it is currently unclear whether this is due to task difficulty—that incongruent stimuli are harder to categorize—or simply to the detection of mismatching information in the two modalities. The aim of the present fMRI study was to examine the neurophysiological correlates of processing incongruent emotional information, independent of task difficulty. Subjects were scanned while judging the emotion of face-voice affective stimuli. Both the face and voice were parametrically morphed between anger and happiness and then paired in all audiovisual combinations, resulting in stimuli each defined by two separate values: the degree of incongruence between the face and voice, and the degree of clarity of the combined face-voice information. Due to the specific morphing procedure utilized, we hypothesized that the clarity value, rather than incongruence value, would better reflect task difficulty. Behavioral data revealed that participants integrated face and voice affective information, and that the clarity, as opposed to incongruence value correlated with categorization difficulty. Cerebrally, incongruence was more associated with activity in the superior temporal region, which emerged after task difficulty had been accounted for. Overall, our results suggest that activation in the superior temporal region in response to incongruent information cannot be explained simply by task difficulty, and may rather be due to detection of mismatching information between the two modalities.
Escherichia coli HU protein has a role in the repair of abasic sites in DNA

HU is one of the most abundant DNA binding proteins in Escherichia coli. We find that it binds strongly to DNA containing an abasic (AP) site or tetrahydrofuran (THF) (apparent Kd ≈50 nM). It also possesses an AP lyase activity that cleaves at a deoxyribose but not at a THF residue. The binding and cleavage of an AP site was observed only with the HUαβ heterodimer. Site-specific mutations at K3 and R61 residues led to a change in substrate binding and cleavage. Both K3A(α)K3A(β) and R61A(α)R61A(β) mutant HU showed significant reduction in binding to DNA containing AP site; however, only R61A(α)R61A(β) mutant protein exhibited significant loss in AP lyase activity. Both K3A(α)K3A(β) and R61K(α)R61K(β) showed slight reduction in AP lyase activities. The function of HU protein as an AP lyase was confirmed by the ability of hupA or hupB mutations to further reduce the viability of an E. coli dut(Ts) xth mutant, which generates lethal AP sites at 37°C; the hupA and hupB derivatives, respectively, had a 6-fold and a 150-fold lower survival at 37°C than did the parental strain. These data suggest, therefore, that HU protein plays a significant role in the repair of AP sites in E. coli.
SCFTs, Holography, and Topological Strings

We show that the non-gravitational sectors of certain 6d and 5d supergravity theories can be decomposed into superconformal field theories (SCFTs) which are coupled together by pairwise identifying and gauging mutual global symmetries. In the case of 6d supergravity, we consider F-theory on compact elliptic Calabi-Yau 3-folds with base $B=T^4/\mathbb{Z}_n\times \mathbb{Z}_m$ and we show in many examples that the non-gravitational field theory sectors can be described as configurations of coupled 6d $(1,0)$ SCFTs. We also conjecture that the effective 2d $(0,4)$ SCFTs living on the self-dual strings of the 6d theories lead to holographically dual descriptions of type IIB string theory on $AdS_3\times S^3\times B$ and moreover that their elliptic genera can be used to compute the degeneracies of 5d spinning BPS black holes along with all-genus topological string amplitudes on the corresponding compact 3-fold. In the case of 5d supergravity, we consider M-theory on compact Calabi-Yau 3-folds and using similar ideas as in the 6d case we show the complete non-gravitational sector of 5d supergravity theories can be decomposed into coupled 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs. Furthermore, using this picture we propose a generalized topological vertex formalism which, excluding some curve classes, seems to capture all-genus topological string amplitudes for the mirror quintic.
Shuttle mutagenesis of Legionella pneumophila: identification of a gene associated with host cell cytopathicity

We performed shuttle mutagenesis of Legionella pneumophila. Mutants were screened for reduced cellular infectivity. Approximately 10% of the mutants had decreased cytopathicity. The DNA sequence of one locus was determined; the inferred amino acid sequence revealed homology with transport proteins including Escherichia coli TolC, Bordetella pertussis CyaE, and Alcaligenes eutrophus CzcC and CnrC.
A deterministic polynomial-time algorithm for approximating mixed discriminant and mixed volume

We present a deterministic polynomial algorithm that computes the mixed discriminant of an n-tuple of positive semidefinite matrices to within a multiplicative factor of e. To this end we extend the notion of doubly stochastic matrix scaling to a larger class of n-tuples of positive semidefinite matrices, and provide a polynomial-time algorithm for this scaling. We obtain tight upper and lower bounds on the mixed discriminant of doubly stochasic n-tuples, proving a conjecture of Bapat, and generalizing the van der Waerden Falikman Egorychev theorem. As a corollary, we obtain a deterministic polynomial algorithm that computes the mixed volume of n convex bodies in R to within a multiplicative factor of n. This answers a question of Dyer, Gritzmann and Hufnagel.
The virtual and universal braids

We study the structure of the virtual braid group. It is shown that the virtual braid group is a semi-direct product of the virtual pure braid group and the symmetric group. Also, it is shown that the virtual pure braid group is a semi-direct product of free groups. From these results we obtain a normal form of words in the virtual braid group. We introduce the concept of a universal braid group. This group contains the classical braid group and has as its quotient groups the singular braid group, virtual braid group, welded braid group, and classical braid group. Recently some generalizations of classical knots and links were de- fined and studied: singular links (20, 5), virtual links (15, 12) and welded links (10). One of the ways to study classical links is to study the braid group. Singular braids (1, 5), virtual braids (15, 21), welded braids (10) were defined similar to the classical braid group. A theorem of A. A. Markov (4, Ch. 2.2) reduces the problem of classification of links to some alge- braic problems of the theory of braid groups. These problems include the word problem and the conjugacy problem. There are generaliza- tions of Markov's theorem for singular links (11), virtual links, and welded links (14). There are some dierent ways to solve the word problem for the singular braid monoid and singular braid group (8, 7, 22). The solution of the word problem for the welded braid group follows from the fact that this group is a subgroup of the automorphism group of the free group (10). A normal form of words in the welded braid group was constructed in (13). In this paper we study the structure of the virtual braid group V Bn. This is similar to the classical braid group Bn and welded braid group
Current and emerging biologics for the treatment of hemophilia

ABSTRACT Introduction: The development of new biologic agents able to restore thrombin generation has become the focus of innovation in hemophilia management. There is growing interest in the proposal of novel, non-replacement therapy with alternative mechanisms of action and route of administration, hoping to solve still unmet needs in treatment of hemophilic patients with or without inhibitors. Areas covered: The review describes the new molecules, in particular the bi-specific antibody mimicking the coagulation function of FVIII and/or those which work by inhibiting the natural anticoagulants, their mechanism of action and the results of ongoing clinical trials. Expert opinion: Exciting results in enhancing the protection against bleeding and improving quality of life are emerging from clinical trials. However, these molecules with their mechanisms of action also open new problems. Treatment of bleeding and management of surgery in subjects with a rebalanced hemostasis may be difficult, especially for the lack of laboratory tests perfectly reflecting the in vivo coagulation status. A careful surveillance is required to evaluate the risk of thrombotic complication in patients with rebalanced hemostasis, in addition to understand whether these new products offer the same protection on joints as regular prophylaxis with the missing clotting factors. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03361137.
Structural Basis of Efficient Electron Transport between Photosynthetic Membrane Proteins and Plastocyanin in Spinach Revealed Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance[C][W][OA]

This work investigates the residues of plastocyanin in close proximity to photosystem I and cytochrome b6f, in both the thylakoid vesicle–embedded and solubilized states. It demonstrates that electrostatic interactions are used to form a transient and loose contact of plastocyanin with photosystem I and cytochrome b6f, and then hydrophobic interactions are used to form electron transfer complexes of plastocyanin with photosystem I and cytochrome b6f. In the photosynthetic light reactions of plants and cyanobacteria, plastocyanin (Pc) plays a crucial role as an electron carrier and shuttle protein between two membrane protein complexes: cytochrome b6f (cyt b6f) and photosystem I (PSI). The rapid turnover of Pc between cyt b6f and PSI enables the efficient use of light energy. In the Pc-cyt b6f and Pc-PSI electron transfer complexes, the electron transfer reactions are accomplished within <10−4 s. However, the mechanisms enabling the rapid association and dissociation of Pc are still unclear because of the lack of an appropriate method to study huge complexes with short lifetimes. Here, using the transferred cross-saturation method, we investigated the residues of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Pc in close proximity to spinach PSI and cyt b6f, in both the thylakoid vesicle–embedded and solubilized states. We demonstrated that the hydrophobic patch residues of Pc are in close proximity to PSI and cyt b6f, whereas the acidic patch residues of Pc do not form stable salt bridges with either PSI or cyt b6f, in the electron transfer complexes. The transient characteristics of the interactions on the acidic patch facilitate the rapid association and dissociation of Pc.
Fabrication and Intermolecular Interactions of Silk Fibroin/Hydroxybutyl Chitosan Blended Nanofibers

The native extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a cross-linked porous network of multifibril collagens and glycosaminoglycans. Nanofibrous scaffolds of silk fibroin (SF) and hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC) blends were fabricated using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as solvents to biomimic the native ECM via electrospinning. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) showed that relatively uniform nanofibers could be obtained when 12% SF was blended with 6% HBC at the weight ratio of 50:50. Meanwhile, the average nanofibrous diameter increased when the content of HBC in SF/HBC blends was raised from 20% to 100%. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed SF and HBC molecules existed in hydrogen bonding interactions but HBC did not induce conformation of SF transforming from random coil form to β-sheet structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the different structure of SF/HBC blended nanofibers from both SF and HBC. Thermogravimetry-Differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) results demonstrated that the thermal stability of SF/HBC blend nanofibrous scaffolds was improved. The results indicated that the rearrangement of HBC and SF molecular chain formed a new structure due to stronger hydrogen bonding between SF and HBC. These electrospun SF/HBC blended nanofibers may provide an ideal tissue engineering scaffold and wound dressing.
Gate electrostatics and quantum capacitance in ballistic graphene device

This work was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation Center for Nanostructured Graphene (Project No. DNRF103) and the Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant No. GrapheneCore2 785219). J.M. C. acknowledges funding from the Otto Monsteds Fond. S.R. P. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant No. 665919 and from the Irish Research Council under the laureate awards programme.
Contracts, Fairness, and Incentives

We show experimentally that fairness concerns may have a decisive impact on both the actual and the optimal choice of contracts in a moral hazard context. Explicit incentive contracts that are optimal according to self-interest theory become inferior when some agents value fairness. Conversely, implicit bonus contracts that are doomed to fail among purely selfish actors provide powerful incentives and become superior when there are some fair-minded players. The principals understand this and predominantly choose the bonus contracts, even preferring a pure bonus contract over a contract that combines the enforcement power of explicit and implicit incentives. This contract preference is associated with the fact that explicit incentives weaken the enforcement power of implicit bonus incentives significantly. Our results are largely consistent with recently developed theories of fairness, which also offer interesting new insights into the interaction of contract choices, fairness and incentives.
Graph mode-based contextual kernels for robust SVM tracking

Visual tracking has been typically solved as a binary classification problem. Most existing trackers only consider the pairwise interactions between samples, and thereby ignore the higher-order contextual interactions, which may lead to the sensitivity to complicated factors such as noises, outliers, background clutters and so on. In this paper, we propose a visual tracker based on support vector machines (SVMs), for which a novel graph mode-based contextual kernel is designed to effectively capture the higher-order contextual information from samples. To do so, we first create a visual graph whose similarity matrix is determined by a baseline visual kernel. Second, a set of high-order contexts are discovered in the visual graph. The problem of discovering these high-order contexts is solved by seeking modes of the visual graph. Each graph mode corresponds to a vertex community termed as a high-order context. Third, we construct a contextual kernel that effectively captures the interaction information between the high-order contexts. Finally, this contextual kernel is embedded into SVMs for robust tracking. Experimental results on challenging videos demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed tracker.