Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diet, Physical Activity, Weight Status, and Culture in a Sample of Children from the Developing World

Objective. Barbados, a small developing state at the end of the nutrition transition, faces an obesity epidemic. Although there is hope of stemming the epidemic in childhood, no descriptions of children's dietary and physical activity (PA) patterns are available for planning purposes. We describe the food and activity preferences and adult encouragement of active and sedentary behaviors for children 9–11 years in relation to weight status and the cultural context. Design. We used data from a pilot study preceding a large-scale ongoing study on the local drivers of the obesity epidemic among preadolescent children. PA, sedentary activity, and dietary intakes were assessed from recalls. Weight and height were measured. Setting. Barbados. Subjects. Sixty-two (62), 9–11-year-old school children. Results. Sugar-sweetened beverages provided 21% of energy consumed. Energy intake significantly explained BMI. Parents selected significantly more of children's sedentary activities and encouraged mostly homework and chores (59%). Children's self-selected school-based activity was significantly related to BMI. Conclusions. Childhood obesity prevention recommendations and research should focus on culture-specific practices that promote acquired taste for excess sugar and parent-child interactions regarding PA. Child influenced by school-based activity intervention may an important area for preventive intervention research.
Changes in Streamflow Dynamics in the Rhine Basin under Three High-Resolution Regional Climate Scenarios

Abstract Because of global warming, the hydrologic behavior of the Rhine basin is expected to shift from a combined snowmelt- and rainfall-driven regime to a more rainfall-dominated regime. Previous impact assessments have indicated that this leads, on average, to increasing streamflow by ∼30% in winter and spring and decreasing streamflow by a similar value in summer. In this study, high-resolution (0.088°) regional climate scenarios conducted with the regional climate model REMO (REgional MOdel) for the Rhine basin are used to force a macroscale hydrological model. These climate scenarios are based on model output from the ECHAM5–Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (MPI-OM) global climate model, which is in turn forced by three Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) emission scenarios: A2, A1B, and B1. The Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC; version 4.0.5) is used to examine changes in streamflow at various locations throughout the Rhine basin. Average streamflow, peak flows, low flows, and se.
2 Cochlear Mechanisms

Prof. L.D. Braida, Prof. L.S. Frishkopf, Prof. N.Y. S. Kiang, Prof. W.T. Peake, Prof. W.M. Siebert, Prof. T.F. Weiss, Prof. V.W. Zue, Dr. M.C. Brown, Dr. D.K. Bustamante, Dr. H.S. Colburn, Dr. B. Delgutte, Dr. R.A. Eatock, Dr. L.A. Delhorne, Dr. N.I. Durlach, Dr. D.K. Eddington, Dr. J.J. Guinan, Jr., Dr. D.R. Ketten, Dr. J.B. Kobler, Dr. W.M. Rabinowitz, Dr. J.J. Rosowski, Dr. P.M. Zurek, I.A. Boardman, R.M. Brown, M.L. Curby, J.A. Frisbie, K.W. Grant, J.D. Koehnke, N.A. Macmillan, E.M. Luongo, K. Payton, C.M. Reed, B. Schneider, F.J. Stefanov-Wagner, D.A. Steffens
THE POSITIONING MATTERS OF THE DOLL’S HOUSE IN POSTCOLONIALISM

The purpose of this research is to analyze the self-positioning and social class phenomenon of The Doll’s House . It tells about social oppression create by upper to dominate lower class. Upper class takes part as dominant while lower class takes part as minority in society. This research uses qualitative research. The researcher needs postcolonial theory to identify the self-positioning between upper and lower class in the short story. The analysis reveals that upper class treats lower class to be the other, subaltern and create social discrimination. The conclusion is the upper class founds powerful, otherwise the lower class is found surviving not fighting from injustice.
Epigenetic effects of the natural flavonolignan silibinin on colon adenocarcinoma cells and their derived metastatic cells

Epigenetic modifications are important in tumorigenesis. The most frequent epigenetic phenomena in cancer are histone deacetylation and DNA hypermethylation, which lead to gene silencing, particularly of tumor suppressor genes. However, monotherapies with histone deacetylase (HDAC) or DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors lack efficacy, hence there is a need to enhance their anticancer action in a safe and effective combination therapy. The present study investigated the epigenetic effects of the natural flavonolignan silibinin in a model of colon cancer progression, the primary adenocarcinoma cells SW480 and their derived metastatic cells SW620. Silibinin did not change the activity of HDACs, but it was able to significantly inhibit DNMT activity in both SW480 and SW620 cells. The clinically used HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and the broad spectrum HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), combined with silibinin demonstrated synergistic effects on cell death induction, may be related to its DNMT inhibition properties. The present data suggest that treatments combining silibinin and HDAC inhibitors may represent a promising approach, given the non-toxic nature of silibinin and the fact that HDAC inhibitors selectively target cancer cells.
Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant

Background Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is considered a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It does not exist in nature but has been used widely since World War II. It is present in the serum of most Americans at about 4–5 ng/mL, although the routes of exposure remain unknown. Objectives We examined predictors of PFOA in mid-Ohio Valley residents living near a chemical plant that until recently released large quantities of PFOA into the environment, contaminating drinking water. Methods We studied 69,030 residents in six contaminated water districts who participated in a 2005–2006 survey involving a questionnaire and blood tests. Of these, 64,251 had complete data on PFOA and covariates. We also analyzed a subset (71%) for whom we had occupational history. We ran linear regression models to determine serum PFOA predictors. Results Mean PFOA serum level was 83.0 ng/mL (median, 28.2). The most important predictors were current (median for all districts, 38.4; highest district, 224.1) and past (median, 18.6) residence in contaminated water districts, and current (median, 147.8) and past (median, 74.9) employment at the chemical plant (R2 model = 0.55). PFOA was higher for males, those consuming local vegetables, and those using well water rather than public water, and lower for those using bottled water. PFOA was higher at younger and older ages. Conclusions PFOA levels in this population varied with distance of residence from the plant and employment at the plant. Effects of age and sex reflected prior findings. Effects of other demographic and lifestyle covariates were relatively weak.
Cysteinyl leukotrienes: multi-functional mediators in allergic rhinitis

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are a family of inflammatory lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid by a variety of cells, including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages. This article reviews the data for the role of CysLTs as multi‐functional mediators in allergic rhinitis (AR). We review the evidence that: (1) CysLTs are released from inflammatory cells that participate in AR, (2) receptors for CysLTs are located in nasal tissue, (3) CysLTs are increased in patients with AR and are released following allergen exposure, (4) administration of CysLTs reproduces the symptoms of AR, (5) CysLTs play roles in the maturation, as well as tissue recruitment, of inflammatory cells, and (6) a complex inter‐regulation between CysLTs and a variety of other inflammatory mediators exists.
Differential Desensitization and Distribution of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes in Midbrain Dopamine Areas

Although many psychopharmacological factors contribute to nicotine addiction, midbrain dopaminergic systems have received much attention because of their roles in reinforcement and associative learning. It is generally thought that the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system is important for the acquisition of behaviors that are reinforced by the salient drives of the environment or by the inappropriate stimuli of addictive drugs. Nicotine, as obtained from tobacco, can activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and excite midbrain neurons of the mesocorticolimbic system. Using midbrain slices from rats, wild-type mice, and genetically engineered mice, we have found differences in the nAChR currents from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra compacta (SNc). Nicotinic AChRs containing the α7 subunit (α7* nAChRs) have a low expression density. Electrophysiological analysis of nAChR currents, autoradiography of [125I]-α-bungarotoxin binding, and in situ hybridization revealed that α7* nAChRs are more highly expressed in the VTA than the SNc. In contrast, β2* nAChRs are move evenly distributed at a higher density in both the VTA and SNc. At the concentration of nicotine obtained by tobacco smokers, the slow components of current (mainly mediated by β2* nAChRs) become essentially desensitized. However, the minority α7* component of the current in the VTA/SNc is not significantly desensitized by nicotine in the range ≤100 nm. These results suggest that nicotine, as obtained from tobacco, can have multiple effects on the midbrain areas by differentially influencing dopamine neurons of the VTA and SNc and differentially desensitizing α7* and non-α7 nAChRs.
Physical conditions of the gas in an ALMA [C ii]-identified submillimetre galaxy at z = 4.44

We present (CO)-C-12(2-1) observations of the submillimetre galaxy ALESS65.1 performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 42.3 GHz. A previous Atacama Large Millimeter Array study of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South detected [C II] 157.74 mu m emission from this galaxy at a redshift of z= 4.44. No (CO)-C-12(21) emission was detected but we derive a firm upper limit to the cold gas mass in ALESS65.1 of M-gas 4 SMGs being the likely progenitors of massive red-and-dead galaxies at z > 2. The ratio of the [CII], (CO)-C-12 and far-infrared luminosities implies a strong far-ultraviolet field of G(0) greater than or similar to 103, as seen in Galactic star-forming regions or local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). The observed L-[C II]/L-FIR = 2.3 x 10(-3) is high compared to local ULIRGs and, combined withLL([CII])/L-CO greater than or similar to 2700, it is consistent with ALESS65.1 either having an extended (several kpc) [C II] emitting region or lower than solar metallicity.
EIGHTH GRADE PERSPECTIVES: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS MATH AND STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD MUSIC

Being successful in math is considered to be important for future employability, and music may be an important venue for students to improve their math skills. Rather than being unrelated, strong musical education programs have been linked to higher performance in math and academics in general. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine whether a statistically significant relationship exists between students’ attitudes toward math and their attitudes toward music with regard to gender. A convenience sample of 107 eighth grade students from a metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia school district participated in two surveys: Tapia’s Attitude Toward Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) and Shaw and Tomcala’s Music Attitudes Inventory (MAI). Pearson correlations were utilized to test three null hypotheses to describe students’ attitudes toward math and music with regard to gender. No statistically significant relationship was found between students’ attitudes towards math and music. It was concluded that further research is needed to expand the sample to include sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students instead of just eighth grade students.
Granitic Rocks from Three Deep Drill-Holes, Illinois

A medium- and coarse-grained granite has been encountered in the lower 914 m of deep drill-holes in northwestern Illinois. The mineralogy and chemistry of both types of granite suggest they are anorogenic A-type granites after the definition of Loiselle and Wones (1979). The major oxide composition for both types is nearly identical. Trace element data (Rb, Y, Th) indicate the medium-grained granite crystallized from a more evolved melt than did the coarse-grained granite. Trace element data (Y, Th, Ba, Sr) for the coarsegrained granite show it to be slightly zoned from the bottom upward to the contact with the medium-grained granite at 731 m.
PENYESUAIAN DIRI ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI SD SRIWEDARI MALANG

Once the importance of adjustment for a child, then the role of parents is very important. Adjustment is an individual effort in aligning itself with needs outside diriya situation and to act wisely and do not disrupt the lives of others. In the adjustment of gifted children have a different adjustment, ie adjustment of good and poor adjustment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adjustment of children of primary school age. Types of qualitative research is descriptive. This research was conducted in Malang with a number of subjects 2 people who was 11 years old. Method of data collection is child's graphics test, interview and observation. The results of this study indicate that the adjustment of primary school age children there are differences in which subjects first have a good adjustment, ie adjustment of primary school age children in private on the subject have a good adjustment, in which subjects try to solve every problem faced by the a way to tell the nearest person, the subject has a firmness of establishment. About the social adjustment is known that the subject is a cheerful child, can menyesuaiakan themselves and hang out and be accepted by their peers. From this it can be seen that personal and social adjustment both subjects. The subject of both a personal adjustment is indicated not budge, was disappointed with the family situation and wishy-washy when faced with a problem. In social subjects less open, less able to blend in socially as well as less accepted by their peers. From this it can be seen that personal and social adjustment second subject is a bad adjustment.
Fear of Crime and Saving Behavior

Fear of crime, on top of crime victimization itself, is an important social concern because the literature suggests that it can affect behavior and decision-making. Some studies argue that negative emotions can induce present consumption; thus, one behavior that crime can potentially influence is saving. Applying Logit model and the Heckman Probit model to a household survey dataset of 1,200 respondents, this paper tested for the relationship between fear of crime and saving behavior. We found evidence that fear of crimes involving physical violence has a negative relationship with the likelihood of saving but has a positive relationship with the likelihood of saving through formal channels. Fear of crimes against property, on the other hand, shows no such relationship. Moreover, overall fear of crime in the immediate community has no relationship with saving, but fear of crime in the larger region where the individual lives has.
The Impact of Random Actions on Opinion Dynamics

Opinion dynamics have fascinated researchers for centuries. The ability of societies to learn as well as the emergence of irrational herding are equally evident. The simplest example is that of agents that have to determine a binary action, under peer pressure coming from the decisions observed. By modifying several popular models for opinion dynamics so that agents internalize random actions rather than smooth estimates of what other people think, we are able to prove that almost surely the actions final outcome remains random, even though actions can be consensual or polarized depending on the model. This is a theoretical confirmation that the mechanism that leads to the emergence of irrational herding behavior lies in the loss of nuanced information regarding the privately held beliefs behind the individuals decisions. Interestingly, in expectation, all these models correspond to classical opinion dynamics models. This means that in every event the temporal evolution of the society does not follow the mean behavior predicted by classical models. We also provide a simple argument that shows that the final descent into the herd is exponential and does not depend on the network topology.
Racial Diversity and the Dynamics of Authoritarianism

Past work on the political impact of racial diversity has focused on direct effects, demonstrating that diverse environments are associated with more negative—or in some circumstances, more positive—racial attitudes and race-targeted policy preferences. We show that diversity functions in a second way, as a variable that magnifies the political impact of individual differences in the psychological disposition of authoritarianism. Using a national sample, we find that in white areas with minimal diversity, authoritarianism had no impact on racial prejudice, political intolerance, and attitudes toward immigration. As diversity rises, however, authoritarianism plays an increasingly dominant role in political judgment. In diverse environments, authoritarians become more racially, ethnically, and politically intolerant and nonauthoritarians less so. We conceptually replicate these findings in a dorm setting with plausibly exogenous levels of local diversity and discuss the implications of our findings in terms of the various ways in which ethno-racial diversity structures political attitudes.
American Sign Language and Early Intervention

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the introduction in several countries of universal neonatal hearing screening programs has changed the landscape of education for deaf children. Due to the increasing provision of early intervention services for children identified with hearing loss, public education for deaf children often starts in infancy. While infant hearing screening and intervention programs hold promise for enhancing deaf children's language development, concerns have been raised that these programs may not provide a well-informed or adequate range of options for families with deaf children. In particular, Ontario children who receive cochlear implants have frequently not been provided with support for learning American Sign Language (ASL), despite evidence for the benefits that learning ASL confers on spoken and written English language development in deaf children. This paper presents an applied linguistics perspective on early intervention policies and programs for deaf children.Depuis le début du XXIe siècle, plusieurs pays ont mis sur pied des programmes de dépistage universel des troubles de l'audition chez les nouveau-nés, ce qui a entraîné des changements radicaux dans l'éducation des enfants sourds. Dorénavant, l'accroissement des services d'intervention précoce auprès des enfants identifiés comme ayant une perte auditive permet souvent d'entreprendre l'éducation des enfants sourds dès le plus jeune âge. Bien que le dépistage précoce des problèmes d'audition et les programmes d'intervention représentent des avancées encourageantes pour le développement du langage chez les enfants sourds, il subsiste toutefois des inquiétudes que ces programmes n'offrent pas une gamme d'options adéquates ou disponibles aux familles d'enfants sourds. En particulier, dans le cas de l'Ontario, les enfants qui ont un implant cochléaire ont souvent été déniés le support de la Langue des signes américaine (ASL), bien qu'il ait été démontré que l'apprentissage de l'ASL a des effets bénéfiques sur le développement de l'oral et de l'écrit en anglais chez les enfants sourds. Cet article présente une perspective des politiques et des programmes d'intervention précoce pour les enfants sourds du point de vue de la linguistique appliquée.
Resources of Grandparents: Educational Outcomes Across Three Generations in Europe and Israel

Educational attainment depends on parents' material and cultural resources. In many families, the grandparents also provide resources that directly or indirectly support their children's educational careers. That is why we applied a multigenerational view and tested if and under which conditions the resources of grandparents are relevant for the educational outcomes of their grandchildren. Using data from the fifth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (N = 27,447), we examined the association between the education of children and the resources of their grandparents. The results show that the impact of grandparental resources is not generally negligible and not entirely mediated by the parental generation. The resources of the grandparents can be used as a substitute for a lack of parental resources. In addition, the “grandparent effect” also differs across countries, indicating that certain welfare state provisions seem to enhance or attenuate the relevance of grandparents' resources.
Are Saudi Girls Motivated to Learn English ?

This paper is based on data drawn from Ph.D. research investigating the relationship between language and motivation. It specifically describes the motivating and demotivating factors that influence young female language learners in the Saudi context. This study aims to investigate what factors could motivate female learners of ESL classrooms. Further, the author utilizes sociocultural theory to explore what factors could affect participants’ motivation as female Muslim Arabs. She also supportsher arguments using data drawn from classroom observations, pupil focus group interviews and one-to-one teacher interviews. The current study involves 132 second-year pupils from a secondary public school in Taif city and three Saudi English language teachers.The findings indicate the impact of various social factors relevant to the Saudi identity, culture and everyday life on girls’ ESL learning in the Saudi context. Participants’ beliefs and practices of ESL appear to be influenced by certain imaginative views towards their local identities and cultures, their possible selves in the future, and the linguistic communities. In addition, findings regarding autonomy indicate that identity and culture attributes affects teachers’ and learners’ roles in the classroom and their motivation both inside andoutside the classroom. Finally, the study recommends extending the setting of the sample for future study to include more than one city in order to compare cultural and social attributes that impact ESL, ascultures and identities vary from one area to another in Saudi Arabia.