Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimentally determined chaotic phase synchronization in a neuronal system.

Mathematical analysis of the subthreshold oscillatory properties of inferior olivary neurons in vitro indicates that the oscillation is nonlinear and supports low dimensional chaotic dynamics. This property leads to the generation of complex functional states that can be attained rapidly via phase coherence that conform to the category of "generalized synchronization. " Functionally, this translates into neuronal ensemble properties that can support maximum functional permissiveness and that rapidly can transform into robustly determined multicellular coherence.
Functional genomic analysis of amniotic fluid cell-free mRNA suggests that oxidative stress is significant in Down syndrome fetuses

To characterize the differences between second trimester Down syndrome (DS) and euploid fetuses, we used Affymetrix microarrays to compare gene expression in uncultured amniotic fluid supernatant samples. Functional pathway analysis highlighted the importance of oxidative stress, ion transport, and G protein signaling in the DS fetuses. Further evidence supporting these results was derived by correlating the observed gene expression patterns to those of small molecule drugs via the Connectivity Map. Our results suggest that there are secondary adverse consequences of DS evident in the second trimester, leading to testable hypotheses about possible antenatal therapy for DS.
Development of high performance hybrid syntactic foams: structure and material property characterization

Syntactic foams are light weight particulate composites that use hollow particles (microballoons) as reinforcement in a polymer resin matrix [1]. High strength microballoons provide closed cell porosity which helps in reducing weight of the material. Due to their wide range of possible applications such as in aerospace and marine structures, it is desirable to modify the physical and mechanical properties of syntactic foams as per the requirements of an application. Various filler materials can be used to modify the foam microstructure to attain these desired properties [1]. The present study deals with increasing the fracture strain and damage tolerance properties of epoxy resin/glass microballoon syntactic foams without a significant decrease in their strength. An approach of modifying the matrix resin with the incorporation of a third phase in the form of filler particles is adopted, resulting in hybrid syntactic foams. Two types of hybrid foams are developed using rubber particle and nanoclay particle fillers respectively. Such highly damage tolerant hybrid foams will be useful as sandwich core material in automobile, aerospace, and marine structures [1, 3]. This approach effectively increases the fracture strain of syntactic foams without a significant reduction in strength. Another aspect of this study is to focus on using waste industrial materials (rubber particles, Figure 1.) and low cost fillers (nanoclay particles) [5-7] in developing high-performance and cost effective composites.
Sleep and cancer: Synthesis of experimental data and meta-analyses of cancer incidence among some 1,500,000 study individuals in 13 countries

ABSTRACT Sleep and its impact on physiology and pathophysiology are researched at an accelerating pace and from many different angles. Experiments provide evidence for chronobiologically plausible links between chronodisruption and sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD), on the one hand, and the development of cancer, on the other. Epidemiological evidence from cancer incidence among some 1 500 000 study individuals in 13 countries regarding associations with sleep duration, napping or “poor sleep” is variable and inconclusive. Combined adjusted relative risks (meta-RRs) for female breast cancer, based on heterogeneous data, were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97–1.06). Meta-RRs for cancers of the colorectum and of the lung in women and men and for prostate cancer were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03–1.13), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00–1.22) and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.83–1.33), respectively. The significantly increased meta-RRs for colorectal cancer, based on homogeneous data, warrant targeted study. However, the paramount epidemiological problem inhibiting valid conclusions about the associations between sleep and cancer is the probable misclassification of the exposures to facets of sleep over time. Regarding the inevitable conclusion that more research is needed to answer How are sleep and cancer linked in humans? we offer eight sets of recommendations for future studies which must take note of the complexity of multidirectional relationships.
Convection at an isothermal wall in an enclosure and establishment of stratification

In this experimental–theoretical investigation, we consider a turbulent plume generated by an isothermal wall in a closed cavity and the formation of heat stratification in the interior. The buoyancy of the plume near the wall and the temperature stratification are measured across a vertical plane with the temperature laser induced fluorescence method, which is shown to be accurate and efficient (precision of $0.2\,^{\circ }$ C) for experimental studies on convection. The simultaneous measurement of the velocity field with particle image velocimetry allows for the calculation of the flow characteristics such as the Richardson number and Reynolds stress. This enables us to give a refined description of the wall plume, as well as the circulation and evolution of the stratification in the interior. The wall plume is found to have an inner layer close to the heated boundary with a laminar transport of hardly mixed fluid which causes a relatively warm top layer and an outer layer with a transition from laminar to turbulent at a considerable height. The measured entrainment coefficient is found to be dramatically influenced by the increase in stratification of the ambient fluid. To model the flow, the entrainment model of Morton, Taylor & Turner (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 234 (1196), 1956, pp. 1–23) has first been adapted to the case of an isothermal wall. Differences due to their boundary condition of a constant buoyancy flux, modelled with salt by Cooper & Hunt (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 646, 2010, pp. 39–58), turn out to be small. Next, to include the laminar–turbulent transition of the boundary layer, a hybrid model is constructed which is based on the similarity solutions reported by Worster & Leitch (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 156, 1985, pp. 301–319) for the laminar part and the entrainment model for the turbulent part. Finally, the observed variation of the global entrainment coefficient, which is due to the increased presence of an upper stratified layer with a relatively low entrainment coefficient, is incorporated into both models. All models show reasonable agreement with experimental measurements for the volume, momentum and buoyancy fluxes as well as for the evolution of the stratification in the interior. In particular, the introduction of the variable entrainment coefficient improves all models significantly.
The Perceptions of Psychotherapists-in-Training regarding People who Stutter versus Normally Fluent Speakers

It has been shown repeatedly that many people hold personality stereotypes of stutterers. The attitudes of psychotherapists regarding stutterers have never been investigated. The present investigation assessed the degree to which psychotherapists-in-training hold stereotypes of stutterers as compared to normally fluent speakers. Two groups viewed a videotaped vignette of a male. In one, the male interviewee displayed stuttering behaviors. In the other, the same male spoke fluently. Participants then rated the male interviewee on several personality dimensions. Contrary to previous findings, the group viewing the stuttering interviewee rated him no differently than did the group viewing the fluent interviewee. Greater knowledge of stuttering was associated with more positive ratings of the person who stuttered. The clinical and research implications of these findings are then discussed.
Cultural capital and the cultural field in contemporary Britain

This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the survey components of an ESRC project on Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion focused on the relations of culture and class in contemporary Britain. It draws on the data produced by a national survey of the cultural activities, preferences and knowledges of 1700+ adult UK residents. Administered in 2003–4, the survey constitutes an expansion and revision of that used by Pierre Bourdieu in Distinction. In presenting this data, the paper examines the organisation and distribution of cultural capital in and across different components of the cultural field in contemporary Britain. Attention is paid to the art, music, literary and media fields, and to correlations of taste across these fields. In summarising the project’s initial findings in these regards the paper also considers the respects in which they suggest the need to qualify aspects of Pierre Bourdieu’s account of cultural capital. Their bearing on subsequent debates - Richard Peterson’s account of omnivorous taste culture, for example - is also considered.
Belief Dispersion in the Stock Market

We develop a dynamic model of belief dispersion with a continuum of investors differing in beliefs. The model is tractable and qualitatively matches many of the empirical regularities in a stock price, its mean return, volatility, and trading volume. We find that the stock price is convex in cash-flow news and increases in belief dispersion, while its mean return decreases when the view on the stock is optimistic, and vice versa when pessimistic. Moreover, belief dispersion leads to a higher stock volatility and trading volume. We demonstrate that otherwise identical two-investor heterogeneous-beliefs economies do not necessarily generate our main results.
Psychological characteristics and fatal ischaemic heart disease

OBJECTIVE To determine the relation between psychological characteristics and subsequent fatal ischaemic heart disease (IHD) events. DESIGN Prospective study of participants in the Northwick Park heart study (NPHS) recruited between 1972 and 1978 and followed up for fatal events until 1997. SETTING Three occupational groups in north west London. SUBJECTS 1408 white men without a history of myocardial infarction aged 40–64 years at entry who completed a Crown-Crisp experiential index form (CCEI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Fatal IHD during follow up. RESULTS A one point increase in the score on the obsessionality/obsessional neurosis subscale was associated with a relative risk of fatal IHD of 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 1.15). For the functional somatic complaint subscale the relative risk was also 1.08 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.15). In the case of the total score the relative risk of fatal IHD was 1.28 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.50) for a 10 point increase. The associations were independent of age, social class, and known cardiovascular risk factors. In the case of phobic anxiety, which had previously been found to be associated with fatal IHD in NPHS, the association was evident in the first 10 years of follow up but overall the relative risk was only 1.07 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.15) for a one point increase in the score. CONCLUSION Scores on two of the subscales of the CCEI and the total score are significantly associated with fatal IHD on long term follow up independently of other known risk factors.
A review of the impact and effectiveness of nurse-led care in dermatology.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To identify systematically, summarize and critically appraise the current evidence regarding the impact and effectiveness of nurse-led care in dermatology. BACKGROUND A diverse range of nurse-led models of care exist in dermatology. Primary studies have been conducted evaluating these models, but review and synthesis of the findings from these studies have not been undertaken. METHOD Systematic searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE, British Nursing Index (BNI) and the RCN Library Catalogue from 1990 until March 2005. The searches were supplemented by an extensive hand search of the literature through references identified from retrieved articles and by contact with experts in the field. RESULTS Fourteen relevant publications were identified and included findings from both primary and secondary care. The evidence indicates that nurses are treating a number of dermatological conditions, primarily using treatment protocols, across a broad range of clinical settings. However, some nurses working in primary care, lack confidence to treat some of these conditions and the educational needs of these nurses are frequently unmet. A reduction in the severity of the condition and more effective use of topical therapies are benefits of nurse interventions on service delivery. Faster access to treatment, a reduction in referrals to the general practitioner or dermatologist and an increase in knowledge of their condition are benefits reported by patients. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the review are generally positive. However, there are methodological weaknesses and under researched issues, e.g. cost effectiveness of nurse-led care and the prescription of medicines by nurses for patients with dermatological conditions that point to the need for further rigorous evaluation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurse-led care is an integral element of the dermatology service offered to patients. This review highlights the impact of this care and the issues that require consideration by those responsible for the development of nurse-led models of care in dermatology.
Dihydrocytochalasin B. Biological effects and binding to 3T3 cells

Dihydrocytochalasin B (H2CB) does not inhibit sugar uptake in BALB/c 3T3 cells. Excess H2CB does not affect inhibition of sugar uptake by cytochalasin B (CB), indicating that it does not compete with CB for binding to high-affinity sites. As in the case of CB, H2CB inhibits cytokinesis and changes the morphology of the cells. These results demonstrate that the effects of CB on sugar transport and on cell motility and morphology involve separate and independent sites. Comparison of the effects of H2CB, CB, and cytochalasin D (CD) indicates that treatment of cells with any one of the compounds results in the same series of morphological changes; the cells undergo zeiosis and elongation at 2-4 microM CB and become arborized and rounded up at 10-50 microM CB. H2CB is slightly less potent than CB, whereas CD is five to eight times more potent than CB in causing a given state of morphological change. These results indicate that the cytochalasin-induced changes in cell morphology are mediated by a specific site(s) which can distinguish the subtle differences in the structures of the three compounds. Competitive binding studies indicate that excess H2CB displaces essentially all of the high-affinity bound [3H]CB, but, at less than 5 x 10(-5) M H2CB is not so efficient as unlabeled CB in the displacement reaction. In contrast, excess CD displaces up to 40% of the bound [3H]CB. These results suggest that three different classes of high-affinity CB binding sites exist in 3T3 cells: sites related to sugar transport, sites related to cell motility and morphology, and sites with undetermined function.
Safety Aspects in Preparation and Handling of Infant Food

Powdered infant formula (PIF) can become contaminated during production with harmful bacteria such as Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobactersakazakii). Inadequate conditions of preparation and handling of PIF can therefore exacerbate the risk of severe infection, especially in preterm infants. The WHO emphasized three main interventions for preparation and handling of PIF: (1) to dilute the powdered milk in water at a temperature of at least 70°C to inactivate Cronobacter spp. ; (2) to consume milk right after each preparation, and (3) to store reconstituted milk at <5°C. The European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the French Food Safety Agency (Afssa) disagree with the heating process because of possible adverse effects on nutrients and the risk of severe burns. In home settings, PIF should be prepared fresh for each meal and be kept warm in bottle warmers or thermos bottles. In institutional settings, written guidelines for preparation and handling of PIF should be established. The use of sterile liquid formula is encouraged for healthy newborn infants in maternity wards; PIF should be prepared on a daily basis. Safe infant feeding involves the production of microbiologically cleaner infant formula by industry, and both education and support for the caregivers in preparing and handling the formula.
Emergency Key Rollover in DNSSEC

DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is introduced as a set of extensions to DNS which provide data origin authentication, data integrity, and authenticated denial of existence. To maintain the integrity of the DNSSEC system in the case of key compromise, the compromised keys active in the trust chain need to be renewed as soon as possible. This paper is the first to provide extensive and systematic analysis of emergency key rollover in DNSSEC. It identifies the space of key management choices in emergency key rollover. It also presents timelines for the key rollover and discusses considerations surrounding the timing of events in the rolling of a key. The performances of the proposed rollover algorithms are analyzed in four aspects. Finally, the transition delays are evaluated on all signed TLDs.
Human immunoglobulin class and subclass specificity of Fc receptors induced by herpes simplex virus type 1

Herpes simplex virus is known to induce an immunoglobulin-binding cell surface receptor in infected cells that utilizes a nonimmune mechanism. In the present paper, we report the immunoglobulin class and subclass specificity of this receptor. Of the human immunoglobulins G(IgG), IgA, IgM, and IgD, as well as the structurally related beta2 microglobulin, only IgG and its Fc portion exhibited an increased binding to herpes simplex virus-infected cells versus uninfected control cells. The IgG subclass specificity of the Fc receptor was studied in 37 radioiodinated IgG myeloma proteins representing all four subclasses. We found that IgG3 myeloma proteins did not bind to herpes simplex virus-infected cells to a greater extent than to uninfected cells. On the contrary, proteins belonging to the other subclasses exhibited an increased binding to herpes simplex virus-infected cells of the following relative magnitude: IgG4 greater than IgG1 greater than or equal to IgG2. This increment of binding could be abolished by addition of a large excess of human IgG Fc fragment. Evidence for the existence of a variable herpes simplex virus-specific binding ability between myeloma proteins belonging to the same IgG subclass was also obtained. Furthermore, we tested two other herpes simplex virus type 1 strains with a limited number of myeloma proteins with very similar results as with the herpes simplex virus type 1 F strain. Several sources of experimental artefacts were controlled, including the state of aggregation of the test proteins, the functional integrity of the Fc portion before and after radioiodination, and the subclass assignments. The implications for the biological role of the Fc receptor of herpes simplex virus are discussed.
Recruiting Through the Stages: A Meta‐Analytic Test of Predictors of Applicant Attraction at Different Stages of the Recruiting Process

We used meta-analysis and semipartial correlations to examine the relative strength and incremental variance accounted for by 7 categories of recruiting predictors across multiple recruitment stages on applicant attraction. Based on 232 studies (250 samples, 3,518 coefficients, n= 108,632), we found that characteristics of the job, organization, and recruitment process, recruiter behaviors, perceived fit, and hiring expectancies (but not perceived alternatives) accounted for unique variance in applicant attraction at multiple stages. Perceived fit was the strongest relative and unique variance predictor of applicant attraction albeit a nonsignificant predictor of job choice. Although not among the largest zero-order predictors, recruiter behaviors accounted for substantial incremental variance at the first 2 stages. Organizational characteristics are more heavily weighed by applicants when maintaining applicant status as compared to the stage of application, and recruitment process characteristics are weighed progressively more as the recruitment stages advance. Job characteristics accounted for the greatest unique variance in job choice decisions. Job characteristics are more predictive in field studies, whereas recruiter behaviors, recruitment process characteristics, hiring expectancies, and perceived alternatives produced larger effect sizes in the laboratory. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications with future research suggestions.
Hexon and fiber gene changes in an attenuated fowl adenovirus isolate from Malaysia in embryonated chicken eggs and its infectivity in chickens

Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is distributed worldwide and causes economic losses in the poultry industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the hexon and fiber gene changes in an attenuated FAdV isolate from Malaysia in specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs (SPF CEE) and its infectivity in commercial broiler chickens. SPF CEE were inoculated with 0.1 mL FAdV inoculum via the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) for 20 consecutive passages. The isolate at passage 20 (E20), with a virus titer of 108.7TCID50/mL (TCID50, 50% tissue culture infective dose), was inoculated (0.5 mL) into one-day-old commercial broiler chicks either via oral or intraperitoneal routes. The study demonstrated that 100% embryonic mortality was recorded from E2 to E20 with a delayed pattern at E17 onwards. The lesions were confined to the liver and CAM. Substitutions of amino acids in the L1 loop of hexon at positions 49 and 66, and in the knob of fiber at positions 318 and 322 were recorded in the E20 isolate. The isolate belongs to serotype 8b and is non-pathogenic to broiler chickens, but it is able to induce a FAdV antibody titer. It appears that molecular changes in the L1 loop of hexon and the knob of fiber are markers for FAdV infectivity.
A Simplified Formulation for Rough Surface Cross-Polarized Backscattering Under the Second-Order Small-Slope Approximation

We present simplified expressions for the cross-polarized backscatter of a randomly rough surface predicted by the second-order small-slope approximation (SSA2). The simplification is based on appropriate polynomial approximations of the SSA2 kernel function. We obtain numerically efficient expressions for the cross-polarized backscattering amplitude of a deterministic surface in the form of a single space integral involving only the surface elevation and the second (mixed) derivative of the surface elevation. The ensemble average normalized radar cross section is then derived under a Gaussian random process assumption for the surface. The resulting expression has the form of a Kirchhoff integral involving the roughness correlation function and its second- and fourth-order cross-derivatives. Further simplification is achieved for off-nadir observations using a high-frequency approximation; the result is an analytical formula involving only the resonant curvature and the radar-filtered mean square slope in the out-of-plane direction. A numerical validation of the simplified expressions is provided by comparison with exact SSA2 predictions in representative test cases. The dependence of cross-polarized backscattering on the incidence angle as well as wind speed and direction is then investigated for the case of a directional sea surface model. At near nadir incidence, a clear maximum in azimuth of the cross-polarized backscatter is observed for radar look directions 45° from the wind direction.