Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REFLECTIONS ON BIASED ASSIMILATION AND BELIEF POLARIZATION

Abstract Where Taber and Lodge view belief polarization to indicate a “partisan motivation,” Lord et al. (1979) believed it to be consistent with a desire for accuracy: A “weak” study articulating an opposing viewpoint might simply sharpen participants' initial belief of the wisdom of their prior beliefs. This polarization, Taber and Lodge show, correlates with political sophistication: The more partisan a participant, the more time spent reading the opinions of the other side—in order to critically refute them. Taber and Lodge attribute such findings to people's personal identification with their beliefs. However, participants may have spent so much time reading opinions of the other side because the arguments are unfamiliar. Further, Lord et al. (1984) were able to induce people to act with “skepticism” toward their own views by simply suggesting that they “consider the other side. ”
Integrating a personal and social responsibility program into a Wellness course for urban high school students: assessing implementation and educational outcomes

The present study used a program-evaluation framework and multiple methods to evaluate the implementation and educational outcomes associated with a Teaching for Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) program. The 18-lesson program was integrated into a required Wellness course in an inner-city high school in the USA. Individual participants were 122 (57 males and 65 females; ages 14–18) African-American students divided among four co-educational class sections (two treatment and two comparison). Findings indicated the TPSR program goals were effectively delivered, received and enacted by participants in the treatment condition. Descriptive statistical analysis of pre- and post-program educational outcomes indicated students in the treatment condition had more positive gain scores on truancy, tardiness, grades and conduct than peers in a valid comparison condition. It is concluded that TPSR programs can be effectively integrated into the high school curriculum. Further, given robust implementation, it appears that such programs have the potential to positively impact educational outcomes. To explore this potential, a group-randomized trial is suggested.
RELATIVISTIC EINSTEIN-PODOLSKY-ROSEN CORRELATION AND BELL'S INEQUALITY

We formulate the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) gedankenexperiment within the framework of relativistic quantum theory to analyze a situation in which measurements are performed by moving observers. We point out that under certain conditions the perfect anti-correlation of an EPR pair of spins in the same direction deteriorates in the moving observers' frame due to the Wigner rotation, and show that the degree of the violation of Bell's inequality prima facie decreases with increasing velocity of the observers if the directions of the measurement are fixed. However, this does not imply a breakdown of non-local correlation since the perfect anti-correlation is maintained in appropriately chosen different directions. When considering moving frames we must take account of this relativistic effect on the EPR correlation and on the violation of Bell's inequality for quantum communication.
The role of music in adolescent development: much more than the same old song

There is an increasingly robust literature of recent research findings that support the developmental importance of music in adolescence. However, this intriguing literature is not familiar to many developmental psychologists, possibly due to a lack of communication among researchers and because of publication trends in developmental journals. This review aims at informing on current knowledge of how music listening can play a role in the psychosocial development of adolescents. To this end, three arguments are discussed in light of recent empirical research: music influences important aspects of adolescent development; music can represent a protective and a risk factor; and music can serve as an adjunct component in prevention and intervention. Therefore, it is proposed how music is a developmental resource in adolescence. It is argued that research on the developmental role of music can create a window to the everyday psychological, social, and cultural needs of contemporary adolescents.
Treatment modalities in comparison: when do clinical differences emerge?

BACKGROUND Despite technological advances in dialysis equipment and modalities, the survival, morbidity and quality of life of uraemic patients undergoing regular haemodialysis treatment are still severely affected by acute intradialysis and long-term complications, possibly related to the treatment itself. Convective treatment modalities, such as haemodiafiltration and haemofiltration, are thought to be further improvements over standard diffusive haemodialysis. Moreover, several of the pathways activated in patients during dialysis have the potential to produce many side-effects. These occur three times a week, and are particularly intense in patients dialysed with so-called 'bio-incompatible' membranes. Thus the biocompatibility of dialysis membranes is increasingly recognized as one of the main factors in the improvement of dialysis treatment. METHODS The main clinical studies to date are reviewed to highlight the clinical effects of different treatment modalities and membranes on the most important acute and long-term haemodialysis-related complications. RESULTS Epidemiological studies suggest that semisynthetic and synthetic membranes may reduce morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Despite the proven biological superiority of biocompatible membranes, we lack definitive evidence that thrice-weekly complement and cell activation over a period of years is detrimental to patients, because the results of prospective randomized studies are conflicting. However, it is important to remember that factors other than the dialysis membrane could influence the 'biocompatibility' of dialysis, including the dialysate, dialyser geometry, the distribution of blood in the dialyser, reuse, the sterilizant and materials used in reprocessing. CONCLUSIONS Further large-scale prospective and randomized trials with a long follow-up are needed in order to better clarify the clinical effect of different treatment modalities on the morbidity and mortality of patients on chronic renal replacement therapy. In particular, it must be clarified whether the possible clinical differences in treatment modalities are based on differences in the clearance of middle molecules or on biocompatibility, or, more generally, on the increasingly recognized clinical importance of high-flux treatments, and the possible interaction between membrane flux and biocompatibility.
A rotating spiral structure in the innermost regions around IRC+10216

ALMA interferometer is providing us molecular maps with unprecedent precision and sensitivity, Key processes in the ejection of matter and dust from these objects occur in their inner zones. We have obtained sub-arcsecond interferometric maps of rotational transitions of metal-bearing molecules towards the prototypical C-rich evolved star IRC+ 10216. While Al- bearing molecular emission presents a roughly spherical shell, the molecular emission from NaCl and KCl presents an elongation in the inner regions, with a central minimum. The presence of the observed features only in KCl and NaCl might be a direct result of their comparatively high dipole moment with respect to the Al-bearing species. The most plausible interpretation for the spatial distribution of the salts is a spiral with a NaCl mass of 0.08 M⊙ with an inner radius of 27 AU. The gas kinematics suggests that it is slowly expanding and rotating. Alternative gas distributions which could result in the presence of the elongation are also explored.
Helping children help: The relation between maternal scaffolding and children's early help.

Theory and empirical research suggest that parental scaffolding of children's participation in chores may contribute to the development of early helping. Sixty mother–child dyads with toddlers between 18 and 24 months of age were assessed on two measures of scaffolding (during a cleanup chore; reading an emotionally laden book together). Children's helping was assessed in five tasks with an experimenter, and children were also assessed for social approach to an unfamiliar adult as a measure of sociability, and for internal state language as a measure of social understanding. Both mothers' scaffolding of everyday helping and children's sociability uniquely predicted individual differences in children's helping. Thus, individual differences in children's helping appear early, and are associated with both temperament and with parents' efforts to support and encourage young children's helpfulness.
The development of conversational disability: a case study.

Along with the pragmatic revolution has come the realisation that some children have major difficulties in engaging and maintaining conversational interaction. the present study displays the evolving profile of a boy, Tony, who experiences problems in this area. It is argued that in order to understand the nature of such problems it is necessary not only to have detailed and rigorous analysis of language samples but also data collected across time and in areas other than conversational development.
Is It Me or Her? How Gender Composition Evokes Interpersonally Sensitive Behavior on Collaborative Cross-Boundary Projects

This paper investigates how professional workers' willingness to act with interpersonal sensitivity is influenced by the gender and power of their interaction partners. We call into question the idea that mixed-gender interactions involve more interpersonal sensitivity than all-male interactions primarily because women demonstrate more interpersonal sensitivity than do men. Rather, we argue that the social category "women" can evoke more sensitive behavior from others such that men as well as women contribute to an increase in sensitivity in mixed-gender interactions. We further argue that the presence of women may trigger increased sensitivity such that men can also be the recipients of more sensitivity when one or more women are present on a team. In a study of 202 management consultants, we found that the willingness to act with interpersonal sensitivity increased in interactions with women. Moreover, this effect was greater in interactions with women who had low reward power-i.e., females who better fit the expectations associated with the social category "women. " We also found team-level effects. Professionals working with mixed-gender versus all-male client teams reported a greater willingness to act with interpersonally sensitive behavior toward male client team members. Our findings show that the willingness to act with interpersonal sensitivity is context dependent and shed light on the importance of studying interaction partner-level and team-level effects on willingness to act with interpersonal sensitivity.
Groups as Agents

In the social sciences and in everyday speech we often talk about groups as if they behaved in the same way as individuals, thinking and acting as a singular being. We say for example that "Google intends to develop an automated car", "the U.S. Government believes that Syria has used chemical weapons on its people", or that "the NRA wants to protect the rights of gun owners". We also often ascribe legal and moral responsibility to groups. But could groups literally intend things? Is there such a thing as a collective mind? If so, should groups be held morally responsible? Such questions are of vital importance to our understanding of the social world. In this lively, engaging introduction Deborah Tollefsen offers a careful survey of contemporary philosophers? answers to these questions, and argues for the unorthodox view that certain groups should, indeed, be treated as agents and deserve to be held morally accountable. Tollefsen explores the nature of belief, action and intention, and shows the reader how a belief in group agency can be reconciled with our understanding of individual agency and accountability. Groups as Agents will be a vital resource for scholars as well as for students of philosophy and the social sciences encountering the topic for the first time.
A cross-sectional examination of candidate psychological factors associated with Post-Psychotic PTSD , & Research Portfolio.

Introduction: Experiencing schizophrenia can be sufficiently distressing to precipitate Post-psychotic PTSD (PP-PTSD). Understanding about PP-PTSD has developed without reference to contemporary trauma theory. A conceptual framework informed by Ehlers & Clark (2000) is used to determine if PP-PTSD was associated with a sense of serious current threat and negative appraisals of psychosis. Methods: This study recruited 27 individuals with schizophrenia. Associations that PP-PTSD caseness had with fear of recurrence, intolerance of uncertainty, beliefs about paranoia and interpretations about hallucinatory voices were investigated. Links with psychiatric symptoms were also assessed. Results: The prevalence rate of PP-PTSD was 37%. PP-PTSD caseness was associated with being fearful about psychosis recurring, being intolerant of uncertainty, and making negative appraisals about paranoia. Fear of recurrence was the only significant predictor of PP-PTSD caseness. Conclusions: PP-PTSD appears to be largely consistent with a conceptual framework for persistent PTSD. Fear of recurrence was identified as a candidate psychological factor for PP-PTSD.
Insights towards Native and Non-Native ELT Educators

A detailed analysis is provided here of the concept, perceptions and attitudes towards native and non-native English speaking teachers. The notion that the ideal language educator is a native speaker is explained and questioned, and examples of the unfair treatment non-native speakers of English sometimes receive are given. The strengths in both NESTs and NNESTs are highlighted.
Human Natural Regulatory T Cell Development, Suppressive Function, and Postthymic Maturation in a Humanized Mouse Model

CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) control adaptive immune responses and promote self-tolerance. Various humanized mouse models have been developed in efforts to reproduce and study a human immune system. However, in models that require T cell differentiation in the recipient murine thymus, only low numbers of T cells populate the peripheral immune systems. T cells are positively selected by mouse MHC and therefore do not function well in an HLA-restricted manner. In contrast, cotransplantation of human fetal thymus/liver and i.v. injection of CD34+ cells from the same donor achieves multilineage human lymphohematopoietic reconstitution, including dendritic cells and formation of secondary lymphoid organs, in NOD/SCID mice. Strong Ag-specific immune responses and homeostatic expansion of human T cells that are dependent on peripheral human APCs occur. We now demonstrate that FOXP3+Helios+ “natural” Tregs develop normally in human fetal thymic grafts and are present in peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes of these humanized mice. Humanized mice exhibit normal reversal of CD45 isoform expression in association with thymic egress, postthymic “naive” to “activated” phenotypic conversion, and suppressive function. These studies demonstrate the utility of this humanized mouse model for the study of human Treg ontogeny, immunobiology and therapy.
Trends in Extinction Risk for Imperiled Species in Canada

Protecting and promoting recovery of species at risk of extinction is a critical component of biodiversity conservation. In Canada, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) determines whether species are at risk of extinction or extirpation, and has conducted these assessments since 1977. We examined trends in COSEWIC assessments to identify whether at-risk species that have been assessed more than once tended to improve, remain constant, or deteriorate in status, as a way of assessing the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in Canada. Of 369 species that met our criteria for examination, 115 deteriorated, 202 remained unchanged, and 52 improved in status. Only 20 species (5.4%) improved to the point where they were ‘not at risk’, and five of those were due to increased sampling efforts rather than an increase in population size. Species outcomes were also dependent on the severity of their initial assessment; for example, 47% of species that were initially listed as special concern deteriorated between assessments. After receiving an at-risk assessment by COSEWIC, a species is considered for listing under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA), which is the primary national tool that mandates protection for at-risk species. We examined whether SARA-listing was associated with improved COSEWIC assessment outcomes relative to unlisted species. Of 305 species that had multiple assessments and were SARA-listed, 221 were listed at a level that required identification and protection of critical habitat; however, critical habitat was fully identified for only 56 of these species. We suggest that the Canadian government should formally identify and protect critical habitat, as is required by existing legislation. In addition, our finding that at-risk species in Canada rarely recover leads us to recommend that every effort be made to actively prevent species from becoming at-risk in the first place.
Tumors of the lateral ventricle: the factors that affected the preference of the surgical approach in 46 patiens.

AIM Optimal surgical pathway for lateral ventricle tumors is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to discuss the factors that affected the preference of the surgical techniques for removing lateral ventricle tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS 46 consecutive patients underwent operation for lateral ventricle tumors. The mean age was 36 years. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were examined to determine the location, expansion and size of each tumor. The transcallosal approach was used in 25 patients, and the transcortical approach was used in 21 patients. We performed MRI to determine the tumor size and recurrence or increased size of the residual tumor. RESULTS Total resection was performed in 31 patients. Only one patient, with glioblastoma, died due to hepatic encephalopathy and intraventricular hemorrhage after the operation. Additional neurological deficits were seen 4 patients, and postoperative seizure occurred in one patient. The mean duration of follow-up was 38,37 months. CONCLUSION Lateral ventricle tumors can be treated best by careful selection of the surgical approach according to localization of the tumor within the ventricle, the expansion side of the tumor, the size of the tumor, the origin of the vascular feeding branches, the venous drainage, and the relationship of the structures, and the histopathological features.
From whiteness to diversity: crossing the racial threshold in bicentennial Argentina

This article examines recent transformations on the discourses of race and nation in bicentennial Argentina, which have shifted from the notion of a fundamentally white nation to an assertion of its racial and cultural diversity. I examine the production of race in contemporary institutional and non-institutional practices that challenge the discourses of modernity according to which Argentina is a white, homogenous and Europeanized nation. The article focuses on a set of cultural manifestations involving Japanese Argentines that – as non-traditional actors in the racial and national stages and as ‘desirable’ immigrants – reveal some inherent fissures in the current official narrative that ostensibly progresses from homogeneity to diversity, and from exclusion to inclusion. By observing the performativity of race and a non-constructivist understanding of race embedded within these cultural manifestations, I argue that the newly multicultural nation continues to inherit its mechanisms of racial production from the modern nation.
Psychological Change Over 54 Months of Cochlear Implant Use

Objective: To determine the long‐term psychological outcome of postlingually deafened adults who received multichannel cochlear implants and to relate the psychological outcome to audiological outcome. Design: Thirty‐seven recipients of multichannel cochlear implants who participated in a prospective clinical trial completed psychological assessments before implantation and at regularly scheduled follow‐ups through 54 mo of implant use. Standardized measures of affect, social function, and personality were used, and scores on these measures were correlated with asymptotic scores on several audiological measures. Results: Evidence of significant improvement on measures of loneliness, social anxiety, and distress were obtained within a year after implantation and throughout the duration of the follow‐up period. For measures of assertiveness and marital satisfaction, improvement was apparent only after long‐term implant use. Although favorable changes on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Depression Scale were evidenced only in the initial follow‐up period, improvements on the MMPI Paranoia and Social Introversion Scales persisted throughout the 54 mo follow‐up. Conclusion: Multichannel cochlear implant use is associated with long‐term psychological benefit. Correlations between audiological outcome and psychological outcome, however, suggested that the relation between audiological benefit and psychological benefit is not simple.
Geometric GAN

Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) represent an important milestone for effective generative models, which has inspired numerous variants seemingly different from each other. One of the main contributions of this paper is to reveal a unified geometric structure in GAN and its variants. Specifically, we show that the adversarial generative model training can be decomposed into three geometric steps: separating hyperplane search, discriminator parameter update away from the separating hyperplane, and the generator update along the normal vector direction of the separating hyperplane. This geometric intuition reveals the limitations of the existing approaches and leads us to propose a new formulation called geometric GAN using SVM separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin. Our theoretical analysis shows that the geometric GAN converges to a Nash equilibrium between the discriminator and generator. In addition, extensive numerical results show that the superior performance of geometric GAN.