Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross Sectional Study of Iranian Women and Sex Preference for Children

Background: Children sex preferences may have significant effects in fertility behavior which is an influential component of population dynamics and could control the population size, structure, and composition. One of the core concerns of researches and policy makers is to study these determinants. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to investigate Iranian women’s sex preference and its highly influential factors through applying Classification & Regression Trees algorithm as a practical classification method. Materials: A cross-sectional study during 2014 was conducted to collect demographical data of 1250 Iranian women in age 15-49. To classify sex preferences for children, age, educational level, place of residence, and difference number of siblings for women, were nominated as predictors. Results: 71 percentages of women’s sex preference have been classified correctly (the accuracy of the model=0.71). In extracted decision tree, women's age, educational level and difference number of siblings were significant. One of the vital results indicated that educated Iranian women in different age cohorts are in favor of having girls. Conclusions: Classification & Regression Trees is an effective and easy to interpret non-parametric method which builds classification tree for predicting dependent variables.
Developmental expression profile of quaking, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, and its target genes in human prefrontal cortex and hippocampus shows regional specificity

Decreased expression of oligodendrocyte/myelin‐related (OMR) genes, including quaking (QKI), is a consistent finding in gene expression studies of post‐mortem brain from subjects with schizophrenia, and these changes are most prominent in the hippocampus vs. the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Although expression of QKI and other OMR genes has been examined in rodents, little is known about their developmental trajectory in the human brain. Therefore, we examined expression of QKI and several putative mRNA targets of QKI in human PFC and hippocampus at different ages. The pattern of QKI expression in the PFC resembled that reported in rodents, with high QKI‐5 in the fetal brain and an increase in QKI‐6 and QKI‐7 during the period of active myelination, although QKI‐5 expression did not decrease substantially during postnatal development in the PFC in humans as it does in rodent brain. Most of the putative QKI target genes also showed linear increases in expression with increasing age in the PFC. In contrast, expression of these genes showed little evidence of developmental regulation in the hippocampus. Correlations between expression levels of the nuclear vs. cytoplasmic QKI isoforms, and putative splicing targets of the former, also differed between tissues. Thus, we speculate that a robust increase in OMR gene expression normally occurs with age in the PFC, but not in the hippocampus, which may explain why decreases in OMR gene expression in schizophrenia are more pronounced in the latter tissue. We also suggest that OMR transcripts might be processed by different splicing proteins in different tissues. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Galaxy merger morphologies and time-scales from simulations of equal-mass gas-rich disc mergers

A key obstacle to understanding the galaxy merger rate and its role in galaxy evolution is the difficulty in constraining the merger properties and time-scales from instantaneous snapshots of the real Universe. The most common way to identify galaxy mergers is by morphology, yet current theoretical calculations of the time-scales for galaxy disturbances are quite crude. We present a morphological analysis of a large suite of gadgetN-body/hydrodynamical equal-mass gas-rich disc galaxy mergers which have been processed through the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code sunrise. With the resulting images, we examine the dependence of quantitative morphology (G, M20, C, A) in the SDSS g band on merger stage, dust, viewing angle, orbital parameters, gas properties, supernova feedback and total mass. We find that mergers appear most disturbed in G−M20 and asymmetry at the first pass and at the final coalescence of their nuclei, but can have normal quantitative morphologies at other merger stages. The merger observability time-scales depend on the method used to identify the merger as well as the gas fraction, pericentric distance and relative orientation of the merging galaxies. Enhanced star formation peaks after and lasts significantly longer than strong morphological disturbances. Despite their massive bulges, the majority of merger remnants appear disc-like and dusty in g-band light because of the presence of a low-mass star-forming disc.
Altered Immunity as a Risk Factor for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

This review examines the association between disorders of immunity, including immune deficiency, atopy, and autoimmune disease, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Immune deficiency is one of the strongest known risk factors for NHL. Risk is increased whether the immune deficiency is congenital, iatrogenic, or acquired. Risk of NHL increases with degree of immune deficiency, and there is no evidence of a threshold. In the profoundly immune deficient, NHL is frequently caused by infection with the ubiquitous EBV. Whether mild, subclinical immune deficiency is related to increased NHL risk is unknown. There is inconsistent evidence that atopic conditions, such as asthma, hayfever, and eczema, characterized by an immune response that is skewed toward Th2, are associated with a decreased risk of NHL. These data come mainly from case-control studies. Concern has been expressed that the association may be due to reverse causality if early symptoms of NHL include a lessening of atopic manifestations. Case-control and cohort studies of people with autoimmune conditions have generally shown that rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, and Sjogren's disease are associated with increased NHL risk. It seems to be the intensity of the inflammatory disease rather than its treatment which is related to increased risk of NHL. The study of altered immunity as a cause of NHL in case-control studies is limited by the fact that development of NHL in itself leads to altered immunity. Cohort studies of the role of altered immunity should be a top priority in epidemiologic studies of NHL etiology. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):405–8)
Corporate Credit Risk Analysis Utilizing Textual User Generated Content - A Twitter Based Feasibility Study

Irrecoverable receivables resulting from insolvent debtors endanger the own liquidity. Therefore, corporate credit risk analysis should be continuously improved in order to diminish bad debt. We analyse in how far user generated content (UGC) contains evidence concerning the financial stability of companies and hence, can enhance the information base for corporate credit risk analysis. For this purpose, we compare data from the microblogging platform Twitter related to ten insolvent and ten solvent German companies. We utilize techniques from content analysis for the quantification of textual data. Results from independent t-tests indicate, that the amount of UGC is significantly higher and the sentiment is significantly worse for insolvent companies prior to the date of bankruptcy than for solvent companies in the same time span. Furthermore, we apply the k-Nearest-Neighbour algorithm in order to classify companies as prospectively insolvent or solvent based on sentiment scores derived from UGC. Results show, that a classification accuracy above randomly expected values can be achieved. The classification accuracy increases, when UGC published closer to the date of insolvency is used. Future research should focus on how to utilize our findings and improve processes of corporate credit risk analysis while integrating UGC.
Vildagliptin vs liraglutide as a second-line therapy switched from sitagliptin-based regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, parallel-group study

A step‐up strategy for dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitor‐based regimens has not yet been established. In addition, similarities and differences between DPP‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 receptor agonists remain to be elucidated in humans. We investigated the pleiotropic effects of vildagliptin vs liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin‐based regimens in an open‐label, randomized, clinical trial.
Vergence Neurons Identified in the Rostral Superior Colliculus Code Smooth Eye Movements in 3D Space

The rostral superior colliculus (rSC) encodes position errors for multiple types of eye movements, including microsaccades, small saccades, smooth pursuit, and fixation. Here we address whether the rSC contributes to the development of neural signals that are suitable for controlling vergence eye movements. We use both single-unit recording and microstimulation techniques in monkey to answer this question. We found that vergence eye movements can be evoked using microstimulation in the rSC. Moreover, among the previously described neurons in rSC, we recorded a novel population of neurons that either increased (i.e., convergence neurons) or decreased (i.e., divergence neurons) their activity during vergence eye movements. In particular, these neurons dynamically encoded changes in vergence angle during vergence tracking, fixation in 3D space and the slow binocular realignment that occurs after disconjugate saccades, but were completely unresponsive during conjugate or the rapid component of disconjugate saccades (i.e., fast vergence) and conjugate smooth pursuit. Together, our microstimulation and single-neuron results suggest that the SC plays a role in the generation of signals required to precisely align the eyes toward targets in 3D space. We propose that accurate maintenance of 3D eye position, critical for the perception of stereopsis, may be mediated via the rSC.
Neural coding of the temporal envelope of speech : Relation to modulation transfer functions

Continuous speech shows pronounced low-frequency modulations in its temporal envelope. Modulation frequencies near the average syllabic rate of 3-4 Hz are the most prominent. Degradations in these low-frequency modulations reduce speech intelligibility (Drullman et al., 1994; Drullman et al., 1994; Houtgast and Steeneken, 1973), while speech processed to have minimal spectral information is intelligible providing that low-frequency modulations are preserved (Shannon et al., 1995). Thus, low-frequency modulations are both necessary and almost sufficient for accurate speech reception. The ability of auditory neurons to encode amplitude modulation has been characterized using modulation transfer functions (MTFs) (reviews by Eggermont, 1993; Langner, 1992). The MTF expresses, as a function of frequency, the complex ratio (magnitude and phase) of the modulation in the neural response to the modulation in the acoustic stimulus. Previous neurophysiological studies have rarely focused on low modulation frequencies most important for speech reception, and have not explicitly related the MTFs of auditory neurons to their response to speech. In the present study, we measured both MTFs and responses to a speech utterance for single units in the auditory nerve (AN), cochlear nucleus (CN), and inferior colliculus (IC) of anesthetized cats. We also developed a functional model for predicting the neural response to speech based in part on the MTF.
On the Hausdorff measure of Brownian paths in the plane

Ω will denote the space of all plane paths ω, so that ω is a short way of denoting the curve . we assume that there is a probability measure μ defined on a Borel field of (measurable) subsets of Ω, so that the system (Ω, , μ) forms a mathematical model for Brownian paths in the plane. [For details of the definition of μ, see for example (9). ] let L(a, b; μ) be the plane set of points z(t, ω) for a≤t≤b. Then with probability 1, L(a, b; μ) is a continuous curve in the plane. The object of the present note is to consider the measure of this point set L(a, b; ω).
Successful Anesthesia and Hip Surgery in a 107-Year-Old Patient

Patient: Female, 107 Final Diagnosis: Hip fracture Symptoms: — Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Hip surgery Specialty: Orthopedics and Traumatology Objective: Rare disease Background: In modern societies, elderly populations have increased over the last four decades and have become the main clients of medical services. A hip fracture is a significant injury for anyone, but for older people it can be catastrophic. Case Report: A 107-year-old female was admitted with fracture of the right hip. The patient took a single 200 mL carbohydrate drink orally two hours before surgery. Before induction of spinal anesthesia, routine monitoring was started and an intravenous line was placed. Crystalloids and hydroxyethyl starch in 0.9% sodium chloride solution were administered intravenously during the operation. After sedation with i.v. ketamine and midazolam, spinal puncture was performed with the patient in the sitting position and isobaric bupivacaine were administered. The level of sensory block was observed in T12 and motor blockade (grade 3) of the lower limbs. The surgical procedure lasted 60 minutes without hypotension, bradycardia or decreased oxygen saturation. For safety reason, the patient was transferred to the ICU for monitoring; intravenous hydration was withdrawn and released oral feeding six hours after the end of surgery. The patient was sent to his residence on the morning of the second day. Conclusions: This case showed that with suitable techniques and conduits can perform surgery in a patient with 107 years.
CARBONO LÁBIL E FRAÇÕES OXIDÁVEIS DE CARBONO EM SOLOS CULTIVADOS SOB DIFERENTES FORMAS DE USO E MANEJO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar e comparar os teores e estoques de carbono lábil e carbono nas frações F1, F2 e F3 da matéria orgânica do solo em um Neossolo Quartzarênico sob diferentes usos e manejos. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm nas áreas de: vegetação nativa de Cerrado, seringueira solteira (Hevea brasiliensis), seringueira consorciada com abacaxi (Ananas comosus), pastagem de Brachiaria sp. , com 30 anos, pastagem de Brachiaria brizanta cv. Marandu com 3 anos e área cultivada com amendoim em sistema de preparo convencional. As diferentes formas de uso e manejo do solo influenciaram os teores e estoques de carbono lábil e as frações oxidáveis da matéria orgânica do solo. O sistema de preparo convencional proporciona menores teores de carbono lábil no solo. A utilização do solo com pastagens proporciona incrementos nos teores e estoques de carbono nas frações mais recalcitrantes da matéria orgânica do solo.
BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES, INCLUDING EXERCISE, FOR ADDRESSING INSOMNIA

Apply It! By reading this article the health and fitness professional will:‐ Learn that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is superior to sleeping pills for treating insomnia, and its accessibility is rapidly improving. ‐ Be reminded that exercise can promote sleep in insomnia. ‐ Find a list of recommendations on good sleep practices that can be shared with clients to help with insomnia symptoms.
THE CENTRE FOR MARKET AND PUBLIC ORGANISATION Centre for Market and Public Organisation

The Centre for Market and Public Organisation (CMPO) is a leading research centre, combining expertise in economics, geography and law. Our objective is to study the intersection between the public and private sectors of the economy, and in particular to understand the right way to organise and deliver public services. The Centre aims to develop research, contribute to the public debate and inform policy-making.
Children’s relationships with birth parents in childhood and adulthood: A qualitative longitudinal study of kinship care

The topic of interest in this paper is the relationship between children who live in kinship care and their birth parents – through childhood and adulthood. The focus is on what meaning and content children themselves ascribe to such relationships and how this changes over time. To explore this question, we draw on a qualitative longitudinal data set, in which children who grew up in kinship foster care in Norway were interviewed over a 15-year period. We have selected three cases, where we follow two girls and one boy through their three interviews as children (T1: 11–12 years old), emerging adults (T2: 20–21 years old) and young adults (T3: 28–29 years old). Through the adoption of a methodological approach with similarities to biographical approaches, our analysis gives unique insight into the interviewees’ relationships with their birth parents – how they are expressed in each interview as their lives unfold and as circumstances change. More specifically, the analysis gives insight into different types of parent–child relationships and how they may change over time. However, it also shows that the interviewees have different resources available in managing such relationships. This is an issue rarely recognised in child welfare research or practice, yet it is essential if we want to understand the relationship between children who grow/grew up in foster care arrangements and their birth parents.
The energy release in earthquakes

Energy calculations are generally made through an empirical application of the familiar Gutenberg-Richter energy-magnitude relationships. The precise physical significance of these relationships is somewhat uncertain. We make use here of the recent improvements in knowledge about the earthquake source to place energy measurements on a sounder physical basis. For a simple trapezoidal far-field displacement source-time function with a ratio x of rise time to total duration T_0, the seismic energy E is proportional to [1/ x(1 - x)^2] M_0^2/T_0^3, where M_0 is seismic moment. As long as x is greater than 0.1 or so, the effect of rise time is not important. The dynamic energies thus calculated for shallow events are in reasonable agreement with the estimate E ≅ (5 × 10^(−5))M_0 based on elastostatic considerations. Deep events, despite their possibly different seismological character, yield dynamic energies which are compatible with a static prediction similar to that for shallow events. Studies of strong-motion velocity traces obtained near the sources of the 1971 San Fernando, 1966 Parkfield, and 1979 Imperial Valley earthquakes suggest that, even in the distance range of 1 to 5 km, most of the radiated energy is below 1 to 2 Hz in frequency. Far-field energy determinations using long-period WWSSN instruments are probably not in gross error despite their band-limited nature. The strong-motion record for the intermediate depth Bucharest earthquake of 1977 also suggests little teleseismic energy outside the pass-band of a long-period WWSSN instrument.
The Englishization of European education: Foreword

eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item.
Estimation of lung volume and pressure from electrocardiogram

The Electrocardiography (ECG) is a tool measuring the electrical excitation of the heart that is extensively used for diagnosis and monitoring of heart diseases. The ECG signal reflects not only the heart activity but also many other physiological processes. The respiratory activity is a prominent process that affects the ECG signal due to the close proximity of the heart and the lungs and, on the other hand, due to neural regulatory processes. In this paper, several means for the estimation of the respiratory process from the ECG signal are presented. The results show a strong correlation of the voltage difference between the R and S peak of the ECG and the lung's volume and pressure. Correlation was also found for some features of the vector ECG, which is a two dimensional graph of two different ECG signals. The potential benefit of the multiparametric evaluation of the ECG signal is a reduction of the number of sensors connected to patients, which will increase the patients' comfort and reduce the costs associated with healthcare. In particular, it is relevant for sleep monitoring, where a reduction of the number of different sensors would facilitate a more natural sleeping environment and hence a higher sensitivity of the diagnosis.
Experimental Assessment of Coral Reef Rehabilitation Following Blast Fishing

Abstract: Illegal fishing with explosives has damaged coral reefs throughout Southeast Asia. In addition to killing fish and other organisms, the blasts shatter coral skeletons, leaving fields of broken rubble that shift in the current, abrading or burying new coral recruits, and thereby slowing or preventing reef recovery. Successful restoration and rehabilitation efforts can contribute to coral reef conservation. We used field experiments to assess the effectiveness of different low‐cost methods for coral reef rehabilitation in Komodo National Park (KNP), Indonesia. Our experiments were conducted at three different spatial scales. At a scale of 1 × 1 m plots, we tested three different rehabilitation methods: rock piles, cement slabs, and netting pinned to the rubble. Significantly more corals per square meter grew on rocks, followed by cement, netting, and untreated rubble, although many plots were scattered by strong water current or buried by rubble after 2.5 years. To test the benefits of the most successful treatment, rocks, at more realistic scales, we established 10 × 10 m plots of rock piles at each of our nine sites in 2000. Three years after installation, coverage by hard corals on the rocks continued to increase, although rehabilitation in high current areas remained the most difficult. In 2002 rehabilitation efforts in KNP were increased over 6000 m2 to test four rock pile designs at each of four rubble field sites. Assuming that there is an adequate larval supply, using rocks for simple, low‐budget, large‐scale rehabilitation appears to be a viable option for restoring the structural foundation of damaged reefs.
Shifts in Mass Scaling of Respiration, Feeding, and Growth Rates across Life-Form Transitions in Marine Pelagic Organisms

The metabolic rate of organisms may be viewed as a basic property from which other vital rates and many ecological patterns emerge and that follows a universal allometric mass scaling law, or it may be considered a property of the organism that emerges as a result of the adaptation to the environment, with consequently fewer universal mass scaling properties. Here, we examine the mass scaling of respiration and maximum feeding (clearance and ingestion rates) and growth rates of heterotrophic pelagic organisms over an ∼1015 range in body mass. We show that clearance and respiration rates have life-form-dependent allometries that have similar scaling but different intercepts, such that the mass-specific rates converge on a rather narrow size-independent range. In contrast, ingestion and growth rates follow a near-universal taxa-independent ∼3/4 mass scaling power law. We argue that the declining mass-specific clearance rates with size within taxa is related to the inherent decrease in feeding efficiency of any particular feeding mode. The transitions between feeding mode and simultaneous transitions in clearance and respiration rates may then represent adaptations to the food environment and be the result of the optimization of trade-offs that allow sufficient feeding and growth rates to balance mortality.