Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stranger and Acquaintance Rape: Are There Differences In the Victim's Experience?

Most published research on the victim–offender relationship has been based on small samples that consisted mainly of women who were raped by nonintimate and nonromantic acquaintances, who viewed their experience as rape, and/or who were seeking treatment. In the present study, 489 rape victims were located among a national sample of 3, 187 female college students by a self-report survey that avoided reliance on helpseekers. Two sets of comparisons were performed. First, the experiences reported by victims of stranger rape (n = 52) were compared with those of victims of acquaintance rape (n = 416). Then, the experiences of women assaulted by different types of acquaintances were compared including nonromantic acquaintances (n = 122), casual dates (n = 103), steady dates (n = 147), and spouses or other family members (n = 44). Rapes by acquaintances, compared with strangers, were more likely to involve a single offender and multiple episodes, were less likely to be seen as rape or to be revealed to anyone, and were similar in terms of the victim's resistance. In general, acquaintance rapes were rated as less violent than stranger rapes. The exception was rapes by husbands or other family members which were rated equally violent to stranger rapes but were much less likely to occur in a context of drinking or other drug use. In spite of these different crime characteristics, virtually no differences were found among any of the groups in their levels of psychological symptoms. A significant feature of these data is that they have tapped the experiences of unreported and unacknowledged rape victims, a group that is potentially much larger than the group of identified victims.
AAS 11-531 GUIDANCE ALGORITHMS FOR ASTEROID INTERCEPT MISSIONS WITH PRECISION TARGETING REQUIREMENTS

Rendezvous and intercept missions to smaller asteroids require precision guidance and control in the terminal mission phase. The zero-effort-miss (ZEM) and zero-effort-velocity (ZEV) information are used to formulate autonomous feedback guidance laws. A terminal-phase guidance strategy for a variety of intercept missions is developed. Different types of navigation information are assumed to be available from different spacecraft configurations and hardware choices. Guidance laws are developed for different mission configuration options. Guidance laws for both rendezvous and impact are studied. Optimal feedback guidance laws are also investigated for asteroid intercept/rendezvous missions. Simulations show the effectiveness of the various guidance laws.
Persistent Electrical Activity in Primary Nociceptors after Spinal Cord Injury Is Maintained by Scaffolded Adenylyl Cyclase and Protein Kinase A and Is Associated with Altered Adenylyl Cyclase Regulation

Little is known about intracellular signaling mechanisms that persistently excite neurons in pain pathways. Persistent spontaneous activity (SA) generated in the cell bodies of primary nociceptors within dorsal root ganglia (DRG) has been found to make major contributions to chronic pain in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) (Bedi et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2014). The occurrence of SCI-induced SA in a large fraction of DRG neurons and the persistence of this SA long after dissociation of the neurons provide an opportunity to define intrinsic cell signaling mechanisms that chronically drive SA in pain pathways. The present study demonstrates that SCI-induced SA requires continuing activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), as well as a scaffolded complex containing AC5/6, A-kinase anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150), and PKA. SCI caused a small but significant increase in the expression of AKAP150 but not other AKAPs. DRG membranes isolated from SCI animals revealed a novel alteration in the regulation of AC. AC activity stimulated by Ca2+-calmodulin increased, while the inhibition of AC activity by Gαi showed an unexpected and dramatic decrease after SCI. Localized enhancement of the activity of AC within scaffolded complexes containing PKA is likely to contribute to chronic pathophysiological consequences of SCI, including pain, that are promoted by persistent hyperactivity in DRG neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic neuropathic pain is a major clinical problem with poorly understood mechanisms and inadequate treatments. Recent findings indicate that chronic pain in a rat SCI model depends upon hyperactivity in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Although cAMP signaling is involved in many forms of neural plasticity, including hypersensitivity of nociceptors in the presence of inflammatory mediators, our finding that continuing cAMP-PKA signaling is required for persistent SA months after SCI and long after isolation of nociceptors is surprising. The dependence of ongoing SA upon AKAP150 and AC5/6 was unknown. The discovery of a dramatic decrease in Gαi inhibition of AC activity after SCI is novel for any physiological system and potentially has broad implications for understanding chronic pain mechanisms.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital varicella syndrome

Congenital varicella syndrome is a rare disorder occurring in less than 1% of maternal varicella during early pregnancy but is associated with high fetal morbidity and mortality. This case report aimed to describe the sonographic features of congenital varicella syndrome following maternal varicella. Well‐documented maternal chicken pox was made at 12 weeks of gestation and prenatal ultrasound was performed at 16 weeks. Striking sonographic features included hydropic changes and disseminated calcifications in multiple organs, especially liver and myocardium. Elective termination of pregnancy was done at 17 weeks. The presence of disseminated calcifications could suggest the diagnosis of congenital varicella syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012;
Clothing Purchase Practices Of Adolescents

The Clothing Practices Survey was developed to examine the clothing purchase practices of adolescents, to determine to what extent these practices are per formed independently or influenced by others, and to identify factors involved in these activities. Four hundred and ninety Oregon 4-H members who attended seven summer programs completed the survey in June and July, 1981. The survey respondents were grouped into three age groups: 276 Juniors (9 to 12 years old), 145 Intermediates (13 to 15), and 69 Seniors (16 to 19). The Clothing Practices Survey consisted of 34 questions concerning clothing selection, care, and pur chasing practices plus demographic information. Respondents indicated the fre quency of activity involved with each of the clothing practice items by circling one of the following responses: never, sometimes, half the time, usually, or always. The mean responses to each item for each age group were compared and the similarities and differences noted. Analyses of variance used to test the study's hypothesis revealed that significant differences existed in the three age group categories in clothing purchase practices which the adolescent performs independently.
Unified Systolic-Like Architecture for DCT and DST Using Distributed Arithmetic

A common computing-core representation of the discrete cosine transform and discrete sine transform is derived and a reduced-complexity algorithm is developed for computation of the proposed computing-core. A parallel architecture based on the principle of distributed arithmetic is designed further for the computation of these transforms using the common-core algorithm. The proposed scheme not only leads to a systolic-like regular and modular hardware for computing these transforms, but also offers significant improvement in area-time efficiency over the existing structures. The structure proposed here is devoid of complicated input/output mapping and does not involve any complex control. Unlike the convolution-based structures, it does not restrict the transform length to be a prime or multiple of prime and can be utilized as a reusable core for cost-effective, memory-efficient, high-throughput implementation of either of these transforms
Developing inclusive education systems: the role of organisational cultures and leadership

Including all children in education is the major challenge facing educational systems around the world, in both developing and developed countries. Drawing on research evidence and ideas from a range of international literature, this paper argues that leadership practice is a crucial element in gearing education systems towards inclusive values and bringing about sustainable change. In so doing, the paper considers the organisational conditions that are needed in order to bring about such developments, focusing in particular on the role of leadership in fostering inclusive cultures.
Replicability and impact of statistics in the detection of neural responses of consciousness.

Sir, We read with great interest the correspondence between Tzovara and colleagues and Naccache et al. regarding the neural detection of sound sequences in the absence of consciousness (Naccache et al. , 2015; Tzovara et al. , 2015 a , b ). We believe that this discussion raises important questions on the way to use event-related potentials (ERPs) for predicting the recovery of comatose patients. Two aspects of the correspondence particularly caught our attention: (i) the difficulty in obtaining a perfect neural detection in the control group of fully conscious subjects; and (ii) the variability of the statistical analyses used to detect neural signs of awareness. First, in their replication of the elegant local global paradigm conceived to evaluate consciousness, Tzovara et al. could not obtain a significant conscious effect in all aware control subjects, which contradicts the perfect performance obtained in the original studies (Bekinschtein et al. , 2009; Faugeras et al. , 2011, 2012; King et al. , 2013). Such a decrease in performance has also been observed in the replication of other experimental designs used to detect signs of awareness (Owen et al. , 2006; Monti et al. , 2010) both by others (Comte et al. , 2015; Gabriel et al. , 2015) and the same research team (Fernandez-Espejo et al. , 2014). Replication studies are vital for clinical and scientific progress and the slightest change in the design or in the population tested can dramatically alter the detection of awareness, as in the replication performed by Tzovara and colleagues. The experience of the clinical team is also of major importance. For example, in the local …
Nonequivalence of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the native nicotinic receptor molecule.

In the native, membrane-bound form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (M-AcChR) the two sites for the cholinergic antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) have different binding properties. One site has high affinity, and the M-AcChR/alpha-BGT complexes thus formed dissociate very slowly, similar to the complexes formed with detergent-solubilized AcChR (S-AcChR). The second site has much lower affinity (KD approximately 59 +/- 35 nM) and forms quickly reversible complexes. The nondenaturing detergent Triton X-100 is known to solubilize the AcChR in a form unable, upon binding of cholinergic ligands, to open the ion channel and to become desensitized. Solubilization of the AcChR in Triton X-100 affects the binding properties of this second site and converts it to a high-affinity, slowly reversible site. Prolonged incubation of M-AcChR at 4 degrees C converts the low-affinity site to a high-affinity site similar to those observed in the presence of Triton X-100. Although the two sites have similar properties when the AcChR is solubilized in Triton X-100, their nonequivalence can be demonstrated by the effect on alpha-BGT binding of concanavalin A, which strongly reduces the association rate of one site only. The Bmax of alpha-BGT to either Triton-solubilized AcChR or M-AcChR is not affected by the presence of concanavalin A. Occupancy of the high-affinity, slowly reversible site in M-AcChR inhibits the Triton X-100 induced conversion to irreversibility of the second site. At difference with alpha-BGT, the long alpha-neurotoxin from Naja naja siamensis venom (alpha-NTX) binds with high affinity and in a very slowly reversible fashion to two sites in the M-AcChR (Conti-Tronconi & Raftery, 1986). We confirm here that Triton-solubilized AcChR or M-AcChR binds in a very slowly reversible fashion the same amount of alpha-NTX. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acceptability of Two Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods by HIV-Positive Patients in Vietnam

Background: Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) has been found effective in treating severe acute malnutrition. Vietnam’s National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and UNICEF collaborated to formulate a local RUTF called High-Energy Bar for Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (HEBI). RUTF might be useful to address malnutrition in HIV patients. Objective: To compare the acceptability of the local RUTF and an imported RUTF among malnourished people with HIV in Vietnam Methods: The acceptability of HEBI and Plumpy’Nut was studied among 80 HIV-positive children and 80 HIV-positive adults. In a crossover design, participants were randomly assigned to receive either Plumpy’Nut or HEBI for 2 weeks and were switched to the other product for the subsequent 2 weeks. A third (control) group of about 40 HIV-positive participants in each study was randomly assigned to receive no RUTF. Nurses took anthropometric measurements weekly, and the subjects or their caregivers monitored daily RUTF intake. Results: Children consumed 69% of HEBI and 65% of Plumpy’Nut (p = .13). Adults consumed 91% of HEBI and 81% of Plumpy’Nut (p = .059). Both children (p = .058) and adults (p ≤ .0001) preferred HEBI. Significant gains were observed in percent weight (p = .035), weight-for-age (p = .014), and body mass index (BMI)-for-age (p = .036) in children who received RUTF and in percent weight (p = .017) and BMI (p = .0048) in adults who received RUTF compared with the control groups. Conclusions: In this study in Vietnam, both HEBI and Plumpy’Nut were found acceptable by people with HIV.
Shared Book Reading: Parental Goals Across the Primary Grades and Goal–Behavior Relationships in Junior Kindergarten

Two studies are reported. The first investigated goals for reading with their children held by 294 parents in a cross-sectional sample from junior kindergarten through Grade 3, how these goals are related to parent beliefs about the development of literacy skills, and how these goals may differ across the primary years. The second examined how goals relate to parent behavior. From a different sample of 119 parents completing the same goal survey and observed in shared book reading, a subsample of 42 parents with contrasting goals was selected for analysis. Findings indicated 5 distinct parent goals for shared book reading—Stimulate Development, Foster Reading, Bond With Child, Soothe Child, and Enjoy Books—with the goals of enjoying books and bonding with the child rated the highest and equally highly at each grade. These were followed by fostering reading, stimulating their child's development, and lastly soothing their child. The goal of fostering reading was more highly rated by parents of Grade 1 children than by parents of children in any other grade. Only a modest relationship between goals and beliefs was found. Finally, parents who rated fostering reading high as a goal engaged in more print-referencing behaviors and echoed more reading than did parents with contrasting goal profiles.
Doxa and deliberation

Recent democratic theorists have drawn on the work of the late Pierre Bourdieu to make the case that patterned inequalities in the social capacity to engage in deliberation can undermine deliberative theory’s democratic promise. They have proposed a range of deliberative democratic responses to the problem of cultural inequality, from enabling the marginalised to adopt the communicative dispositions of the dominant, to broadening the standards that define legitimate deliberation, to strengthening deliberative counter‐publics. The author interprets Bourdieu’s theory of the linguistic habitus to prompt an even more radical critique of deliberative democracy than these theorists acknowledge, one to which the proposed solutions fail adequately to respond. Her argument suggests that empirical work on deliberative democracy should expand to address specifically the problems of cultural inequality that Bourdieu’s work highlights.
Unexpected loss of contact allergy to aluminium induced by vaccine

Background. In studies in Gothenburg, Sweden, in the 1990s of an aluminium hydroxide‐adsorbed pertussis toxoid vaccine, 745 of ∼76 000 vaccinated children developed long‐lasting itchy subcutaneous nodules at the vaccination site. Of 495 children with itchy nodules patch tested for aluminium allergy, 376 (76%) were positive.
Young children's coordination of gestural and linguistic reference

The current study investigated the relationship between young children's linguistic and nonlinguistic communicative strategies. Twenty-three children, 20-44 months of age, served as subjects. In a naturalistic setting, an adult gave signs of noncomprehension (a contingent query) to each of the child's object references. The child's original linguistic reference and use of gestures were recorded and compared to his/her subsequent linguistic and gestural responses to the adult query. Results showed that the children used gestures more often with pronouns than with nouns: either to clarify a linguistic reference from the original utterance or to supplement a linguistic response to the adult query. This would imply that two- to three-year- old children are aware of the communicative principle that pronouns 'need' gestures more than nouns, and more generally, that they are capable of coordinating their linguistic and nonlinguistic communi cative strategies.
The Seminal Plasma of the Boar is Rich in Cytokines, with Significant Individual and Intra‐Ejaculate Variation

The boar, as human, sequentially ejaculates sperm‐rich and sperm‐poor fractions. Seminal plasma (SP) spermadhesins (PSP‐I/PSP‐II) induce a primary endometrial inflammatory response in female sows, similar to that elicited by semen deposition in other species, including human. However, the SP is also known to mitigate such response, making it transient to allow for embryo entry to a cleansed endometrium. Although cytokine involvement has been claimed, the exploration of cytokines in different SP fractions is scarce. This study determines Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th3 cytokine profiles in specific ejaculate SP fractions from boars of proven fertility.
SELECCIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS PRONOMBRES EN EL ESPAÑOL L2 DE LOS HABLANTES DE ÁRABE

Taking the Position of Antecedent Hypothesis, Carminati (2002), and the works of Alonso- Ovalle et al. (2002) regarding the Spanish language as a starting point, this paper investigates third person personal pronouns, null and overt, in non-native discourse. Specifically, we examine whether pronouns show preferences in their selection of antecedents, if they perform a particular discursive function and to what extent language transfer can explain the similarities and differences between native and non-native discourse. We work with narrative oral and written texts produced semi-spontaneously by two experimental groups: adolescent bilingual Spanish-Dariya (Moroccan Arabic) and L2 Spanish learners with L1 Dariya. The results show a certain specialization of the pronouns to establish coreference and to carry out a particular discursive function. Furthermore, L2 Spanish learners may not benefit from the positive transfer of their L1 and the knowledge and usage of the Spanish language by the bilingual subjects may not be totally comparable to the control group.
The relationship of attitude and credibility to comprehension and selective exposure

Prior attitude intensity involvement and salience, along with prior source competence, sociability, composure, extroversion, and character can be used as predictors of recall, of perception of the source's attitude, and of perception of the attitude revealed in the message. The relationship of prior attitudes and credibility to comprehension and selective exposure are the products of the kind of research methodology practiced. There is a relationship between sociability and recall and between composure and perception of attitudes. In addition, the conditions under whicn test individuals are exposed to messages affect the amount of variance that may be predicted in differing types of comprehension. (CH) THE RELATIONSHIP OF ATTITUDE AND CRFDIBILITY TO COMPREHENSION Lawrence R. Wheeless West Virginia University
Childhood abuse or neglect is associated with increased vasomotor symptom reporting among midlife women

Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that women exposed to childhood abuse or neglect would have an increased likelihood of reporting hot flashes and night sweats during the menopausal transition. Design: This hypothesis was evaluated in 332 white and African American women participating in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Mental Health Study, a prospective investigation of women transitioning through menopause. Childhood abuse and neglect were measured once with the Child Trauma Questionnaire. Vasomotor symptoms (any/none hot flashes, night sweats) were reported annually over 8 years. Associations between maltreatment and vasomotor symptoms were estimated with generalized estimating equations. Results: Childhood abuse or neglect was associated with increased reporting of hot flashes (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.23-2.43) and night sweats (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.26-2.43) in age-adjusted models. Results persisted in multivariable models and across several types of abuse and neglect. Conclusions: The experience of childhood abuse and neglect is associated with increased vasomotor symptom reporting in adulthood. The sequelae of childhood abuse and neglect may persist well into adulthood to influence the occurrence of vasomotor symptoms at midlife.
Identifying high conservation value aquatic ecosystems in northern Australia - Final report

1) As part of the Tropical Rivers Inventory and Assessment Project (TRIAP), a database of 94,148 waterbird records was assembled, comprising 82,596 records from the TRIAP area and 11,552 records from a surrounding 10 km buffer. These records were sourced from databases for Atlas1 and Atlas2 provided by Birds Australia, 99.1% of which are from the Historical Atlas (pre-1977), the first Field Atlas (1977-1981) or the second Field Atlas (1997-2002). 2) Waterbirds were defined to include species of freshwater and coastal wetlands including in-shore but not off-shore marine species. The TRIAP waterbird fauna