Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antenatal Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) in Canadian Women: HSV-2 Prevalence Increases Throughout the Reproductive Years

Background Thisstudy sought to provide the first population estimates of herpes simplex type2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence inCanada. Goal Tomeasure the antenatal seroprevalence of HSV-2 antibodies in reproductive agewomen. StudyDesign An anonymous unlinked seroprevalence study usedstored sera collected from pregnant women in British Columbia during 1999.Randomized sampling within age strata selected a total of 1215 subjects, ages15 to 44 years. Serologic testing used the Gull Meridian Test. Overallprevalence was directly standardized to the 1999 Canadian femalepopulation. Results Theage-adjusted prevalence for HSV-2 was 17.3% (95% CI, 15.2–19.4). Prevalence ranged from 7.1% (ages, 15–19 years) to 28.1% (ages,40–44 years), with the largest increases after the age of 24years. Conclusions TheHSV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in British Columbia is similar tothat in the United States and other countries. Seroprevalence continues torise through the later reproductive years. This observation may relate tocontinued transmission, an age cohort effect, orboth.
P-velocity structure of the core-mantle boundary region inferred from PKP(AB)−PKP(BC) differential travel times

PKP(AB)-PKP(BC) differential travel time residuals from the bulletins of the International Seismological Centre are inverted to retrieve the P-velocity anomalies in the lowermost 300 km of the mantle. We show that a realistic core-mantle boundary (CMB) topography may have only a marginal contribution to the residuals. The block parametrization used allows us to discard poorly sampled areas prior to a least-squares inversion. The main features are negative anomalies beneath Eurasia and North America and a positive anomaly beneath the Southwest Pacific. The inferred map is not consistent with other maps resulting from previous P- and S-velocity studies, which are correlated at long wavelengths with each other. The preferred explanation for this challenging inconsistency is the presence of a thin heterogeneous layer just above the CMB.
Shrewd, crude or simply deluded? Comovement and the internet stock phenomenon

We show that (i) return comovement among internet stocks during the late 1990s and early 2000 was not exceedingly high; (ii) there was substantial consistency in the manner by which investors distinguished among internet stocks; and (iii) high comovement is most common during periods of price erosion. These results cast doubt on the view that the extraordinary appreciation of internet stocks was due to the crude classification of all such stocks as members of a hot category.
Transportation of Detritus by Moving Water: Part 1. Transportation

The conditions of transport of detritus by moving water constitute one of the most vital problems confronting students of sedimentation. This article by Hjulstrom summarizes the main aspects of present knowledge of the problem as applied to rivers. Many of the relations for river water apply to ocean water; but the sea differs materially from rivers in at least three ways: the large masses of water involved, the slowness with which the water moves, and the effect of tides. Notwithstanding the fact that these three phenomena modify the picture as portrayed by Hjulstrom for rivers, the information he presents is of great value to students of sedimentation. This article is a summary of a longer article, which in itself for the most part also is a summary. Consequently in thi abstract it seems futile to attempt to present more than a few comments about the main features he describes. Water moves in two main ways--by laminar flow and by turbulent flow. In laminar flow the water travels in parallel bands; in turbulent flow it moves in pulsations in a variable way. The velocity of water in laminar flow is always low; in turbulent flow it may be low or high. There are several types of turbulent flow, each of which depends mainly upon the velocity. The transport of detritus by moving water is affected by many factors, the most influential of which is the velocity of the water. Particles are transported individually or collectively. Transport of individual particles is in four types: sliding, rolling, saltation (jumping), and suspension. The first three are along the bottom and the fourth is in the water. With increasing velocity the mode of transport ordinarily passes uccessively through these four states of transport. The particles also may move collectively, that is in masses. In this way are formed such features as ripples, bars, and banks. The laws governing the different kinds of transportation are complicated. For particles larger than sand (0.5 millimeter) the size of particles that can be put in motion increases as the velocity of the water becomes greater; but for smaller particles the minimum velocity that is required in order to bring them into suspension does not decrease as the particles become smaller; instead it increases. Thus it is easier to move sand off the bottom than silt. Once a particle is in motion it continues to be transported until the velocity of the water decreases to a certain speed. This minimum transporting velocity for particles of sand size or larger seems to be about 30 per cent less than the velocity needed to remove the particles from the bottom; but for progressively smaller particles, he minimum transporting velocity becomes increasingly less in proportion to the velocity required to make the particles go into suspension. (Editor's abstract.)
The SMARDDA Approach to Ray Tracing and Particle Tracking

There is an increasing need to model plasma interaction with complex engineered surfaces, notably to verify that power deposition rates are acceptable. The SMARDDA algorithm has been developed to meet this requirement, with particular reference to the neutral beam ducts that feed into the vacuum vessels of tokamaks. Application to limiters and divertors is made in a companion paper. The algorithm is described in detail, highlighting key novel features, and illustrative duct calculations are presented.
Classifying mood in plurks

In this paper, we present a simple but efficient approach for the automatic mood classification of microblogging messages from Plurk platform. In contrast with Twitter, Plurk has become the most popular microblogging service in Taiwan and other countries 1 ; however, no previous research has been done for the emotion and mood recognition, nor the Chinese affective terms or corpus available. Following the line of mashup programming, we thus construct a dynamic plurk corpus by pipelining Plurk APIs, Yahoo! Chinese segmentation APIs, etc to preprocess and annotate the corpus data. Based on the corpus, we conduct experiments by way of combining textual statistics and emoticons data, and our method yield the results with high performance. This work can be further extended to combine with affective ontology designed with emotion theory of appraisal. Keyword: mood classification, plurks, keyness, emotion paradox 1 According to Alvin, the cofounder of Plurk website, the number of the plurkers in Taiwan had reached approximately 1 million, which was one-third of the total plurkers in October, 2009. Another statistic data is collected from Google trend for website, manifesting that Taiwan is the rank one region of visiting Plurk website (August,2010).
Linguistic Relativity and Spatial Concept Development in Nepal

Reports the results of a study done in a mountainous region of Nepal on a sample of 144, 6–14 year old boys and girls, schooled and unschooled. A variety of tasks was selected for the analysis of language children use for describing space and for the assessment of spatial encoding and cognitive performance on spatial developmental tasks. The results confirm that the language people use to describe spatial arrays is linked to the way in which they orient themselves in the environment. The age trends in language development indicate a change from intrinsic and projective to geocentric references, with almost no use of egocentric terms, while the encoding of spatial arrays is predominantly absolute (age changes being task specific). Overall, spatial cognitive development is quite independent of spatial encoding, but shows some statistically significant relations to the use of geocentric language.
Significant Quantitative and Qualitative Transition in Pituitary Stem / Progenitor Cells Occurs during the Postnatal Development of the Rat Anterior Pituitary

We reported recently that a pituitary‐specific transcription factor PROP1 is present in SOX2‐positive cells and disappears at the early stage of the transition from progenitor cell to committed cell during the embryonic development of the rat pituitary. In the present study, we examined the localisation and identification of SOX2‐positive and PROP1/SOX2‐positive cells in the neonatal and postnatal rat pituitaries by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative analysis of immunoreactive cells demonstrated that SOX2‐positive pituitary stem/progenitor cells are not only predominantly localised in the marginal cell layer, but also are scattered in the parenchyma of the adult anterior lobe. In the marginal cell layer, the number of PROP1/SOX2‐positive cells significantly decreased after postnatal day 15, indicating that a significant quantitative transition is triggered in the marginal cell layer during the first postnatal growth wave of the anterior pituitary. By contrast, other phenotypes of SOX2‐positive stem/progenitor cells that express S100β appeared in the postnatal anterior pituitary. These data suggested that quantitative and qualitative transition occurs by acquisition of a novel mechanism in terminal differentiation in the postnatal development of the anterior pituitary.
Multichannel estimation of frequency-dependent Q from VSP data

Measurements of attenuation (or Q) are frequently made from VSP data. Unfortunately, whatever method of estimation is chosen, the statistics of the Q estimates are poor. To achieve low variance, a large depth interval must be used, leading to poor resolution. This in turn produces a high bias in the estimates. The optimal depth range for estimation is thus a trade-off between variance and bias .
Dynamics of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Immune Organs of Chickens Infected with Salmonella enteritidis

Asheg A. A. , M. Levkut, V. Revajova, Z. ·evaikova, L. Kolodzieyski, J. Pistl: Dynamics of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Immune Organs of Chickens Infected with Salmonella enteritidis. Acta Vet. Brno 2003, 72: 359-364. To determine the effect of different doses of Salmonella enteritidis on immunocompetent cells, the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and peripheral blood were examined. One-day-old chickens were orally infected with 2 × 10 2 CFU/ml (low dose) and 2 × 10 8 CFU/ml (high dose) of S. enteritidis PT4. Subsets of T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, and CD8), and BU1b cells using an indirect immunofluorescent method and flow cytometry were analysed on days 7, 10, 14, 21, and 27 postinoculation (dpi). The actual number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood showed a significant increase in the low dose group (P < 0.05) on day 21 pi, and in the high dose group on day 27 pi (P < 0.001) compared to controls. The increase of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was observed in both infected groups compared to the controls from day 14 pi, significant on day 21 pi (P < 0.05) in the high dose group. The subpopulation of CD8+ was higher also on day 27 pi (P < 0.01) compared with the values of the control group. The subpopulation of BU1b+ B cells in both infected groups showed higher values, but without significant differences from controls. The thymus T lymphocytes showed a significant decline in CD3+ T cells on day 7 pi, whereas CD4+ T cells were significantly (P < 0.05) increased on day 7 pi in both infected groups. The bursal lymphocytes showed a decrease in BU1b+ B cells in both infected groups compared with the control group, significant in the high dose group on day 21 pi (P < 0.05). These results indicate that S. enteritidis infection induced the changes in immunocompetent cells, included cellular and humoral immune response. Salmonella infection accelerated the maturation and differentiation of thymus T cells in the first phase of infection, what was secondarily reflected by increased number of studied T lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood from day 14 to 27 after infection. Similarly, it appears that the activation of B cells in bursa of Fabricius caused the decrease number of bursal B lymphocytes and increased number of these cells in the peripheral blood from day 14 to 27 pi in both infected groups. Salmonella enteritidis, immune response, flow cytometry, lymphocyte subpopulations, chickens
Shift of aberrant antigen expression at relapse or at treatment failure in acute leukemia.

The flow cytometric detection of aberrant antigen expression is one method proposed for the quantification of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute leukemias. The present study was designed to investigate the stability of the aberrant antigen expression at relapse or at treatment failure of initial chemotherapy. For this purpose, multiparameter immunophenotyping with a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies was used at diagnosis as well as at relapse (43 patients with overall 65 aberrations) and at treatment failure (35 patients with overall 66 aberrations). There was a significant decrease in the percentage of the initially described aberrant antigen expression on leukemia blasts at relapse (P = 0.001; n = 65) as well as at treatment failure (P = 0.0001; n = 66) considering all aberrations in the whole leukemia population. Concerning only patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), significant decreases in the aberrant expression could be detected at relapse (P = 0.031; n = 42) and at treatment failure (P = 0.0001; n = 52). The changes in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were significant only at relapse (P = 0.006; n = 23). Initially, the most informative aberration was not detectable in four patients at relapse and in seven patients at treatment failure. A decrease of under 50% of the initial value was observed in another 8 patients at relapse and in 10 patients at treatment failure. In further studies assessing the detection of aberrant antigen expression for MRD, quantification of the relapses should be explicitly analyzed regarding the persistence of the initially described aberrant antigen expression.
Current Effects on Nonlinear Wave-Body Interactions by a 2D Fully Nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank

Nonlinear wave-current interactions with fixed or freely floating bodies are investigated by a two-dimensional (2D) fully-nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT). The NWT is developed based on the potential theory and boundary element method (BEM) with constant panels. Mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) time marching scheme (material-node approach) is used with fourth-order Runge-Kutta fully updated time integration, regriding, and smoothing techniques, and acceleration-potential formulation and direct mode-decomposition method. Specially devised ϕn −η type artificial damping zones (i.e., numerical beach) are implemented to prevent wave reflection from the end wall and wave maker. Using the developed NWT, nonlinear wave-current interactions (1) without bodies; (2) with a stationary body; and (3) with a floating body for various wave and current conditions have been investigated and some of the NWT simulations are compared with the results of Boussinesq’s equation and perturbation theory. It is seen that the NWT .
Wet and dry sizes of atmospheric aerosol particles: An AFM‐TEM Study

We studied the hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric aerosols by using a novel approach, the combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of the same individual particles. By comparing the dimensions of hydrated and dry ammonium sulfate particles collected above the North Atlantic Ocean, we determined that particle volumes are up to four times larger under ambient conditions (as determined by AFM) than in the vacuum of a transmission electron microscope. We interpret these changes as resulting from the loss of water. Organic films on the particles may be responsible for the relatively large water uptake at low relative humidities.
The Difference in Prognosis between Renal Sinus Fat and Perinephric Fat Invasion for pT3a Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Background In the current Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) classification system for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), both renal sinus fat invasion (SFI) and perinephric fat invasion (PFI) are defined as T3a, suggesting that the prognosis should be similar for the two pathologic findings. Several studies, however, have reported a worse prognosis for SFI in patients with a T3a tumor. In order to compare the prognosis of these two pathologic findings (SFI versus. PFI) in a more comprehensive way, this meta-analysis was performed. Methods To identify relevant studies, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus database were searched from the inception until October 2014. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 11. Pooled Odds ratio (OR) and/or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to examine the risk or hazard association. Results A total of 6 studies including 1031 patients qualified for analysis. T3a RCC patients with SFI were significantly associated with poor cancer specific survival(CSS) (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.19–1.83; P<0.001) compared to those with PFI. In T3aNx/N0M0 subgroup, SFI patients also showed a worse prognosis than those with PFI (CSS, HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.21–3.12; P = 0.006). T3a RCC patients with SFI had higher Furhman grade, greater possibility of lymph node metastasis, sarcomatoid differentiation and tumour necrosis. Main limitation is the relatively small number of included studies. Conclusion The present meta-analysis suggested that SFI is associated with worse CSS in patients with pT3a RCC. However, due to the small number of included studies, future studies with a large sample size are required to further verify our findings.
Multistage magma emplacement and progressive strain accumulation in the shallow‐level Krkonoše‐Jizera plutonic complex, Bohemian Massif

Field relationships combined with new U‐Pb zircon geochronology suggest that the shallow‐level Krkonoše‐Jizera plutonic complex, northern Bohemian Massif, was assembled successively from bottom to top, starting with emplacement of the separately evolved S‐type Tanvald granite (317.3 ± 2.1 Ma), followed by at least two voluminous batches of the I‐type porphyritic Liberec (319.5 ± 2.3 Ma) and Jizera (320.1 ± 3.0 Ma and 319.3 ± 3.7 Ma) granites. The intrusive sequence was completed by uppermost, minor intrusions of the equigranular Harrachov (315.0 ± 2.7 Ma) and Krkonoše granites. The I‐type granites exhibit an unusually complex pattern of superposed feldspar phenocryst and magnetic fabrics as revealed from the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). The outer Liberec granite preserves margin‐parallel foliations and lineations, interpreted to record emplacement‐related strain captured by cooling from the pluton floor and walls. In contrast, the inner Jizera, Harrachov, and Krkonoše granites were overprinted by synmagmatic strain resulting from dextral movements along regional strike‐slip faults cutting the opposite ends of the plutonic complex. Late‐stage felsic dikes in the Liberec and Jizera granites reorient from horizontal to vertical (lineation‐perpendicular) attitude in response to changing the least principal stress direction, whereas mafic schlieren do not do so, representing only randomly oriented small‐scale thermal‐mechanical instabilities in the phenocryst framework. In general, this case example challenges the common approach of inferring pluton‐wide magma flow from interpolated foliation, lineation, and schlieren patterns. More likely, magmatic fabrics in large plutons record complex temporal succession of superposed strains resulting from diverse processes at multiple scales.
The Use of Prior Probability Distributions in Statistical Inference and Decisions

The object of this paper is to discuss some of the general points that arise in common statistical problems when a prior probability distribution is used. Most current statistical thinking does not use such a distribution but we feel that some illumination and understanding can be gained through its use, and, in our more enthusiastic moments, we even feel that only a completely Bayesian attitude towards statistical thinking is coherent and practical. The purpose of this paper is not to present propaganda in favor of the Bayesian attitude but merely to explore the consequences of it. The first two sections of the paper deal with the large-sample problem where the effect of the prior distribution is small and the inferences and decisions made using a Bayesian approach correspond fairly closely with current practice and are similar to those given by Le Cam [7] using the usual approach. If we emphasize any differences that do exist it is because they are of interest: the most important point is the similarity. In the final sections of the paper the problem of small samples is discussed. Here the prior distribution is important and much of the discussion centers around the choice of it. Some tentative rules are suggested for the choice and comparison is made with the work of Jeffreys. The discussion here is fragmentary and incomplete: but it is hoped that the arguments, unsatisfactory as they are, will stimulate others to produce better ones. Throughout this paper only the problem of the analysis of an experiment is discussed. Design problems are not considered.
The Influence of Top Managements' Absorptive Capacity of IT Governance Knowledge on Business-IT Alignment: an Empirical Analysis

Business-IT alignment has been the focus of both information technology (IT) practice and the academic world. Prior studies acknowledge that top management plays a critical role in ensuring IT aligns with business goals. This study offers a deeper understanding of factors which may positively influence the level of business-IT alignment. Using absorptive capacity theory as the theoretical basis, this study shows that top managements’ absorptive capacity of IT governance knowledge positively and significantly contributes to higher levels of business-IT alignment. This study involves 231 top-management respondents from Australian for-profit organisations. The study’s empirical finding suggests that organisations that want to have higher levels of business-IT alignment need to pay attention to their top management’s absorptive capacity of IT governance knowledge by concentrating on four factors: prior relevant knowledge, communication network, communication climate, and knowledge scanning.
The Health of Nations: The Contribution of Improved Health to Living Standards

Nations generally measure their economic performance using the yardstick of national output and income. It is not widely recognized, however, that conventional measures of national income and output exclude the value of improvements in the health status of the population. The present study develops a methodology and presents preliminary estimates of how standard economic measures would change if they adequately reflected improvements in health status. The study first discusses the theory of the measurement of national income, examines some of the shortcomings of traditional concepts, and proposes a new concept called 'health income' that can be used to incorporate improvements in health status. The study next discusses how the proposed measure fits into existing theories for measuring and valuing consumption and health status. The study applies the new concepts to data for the United States over the twentieth century and concludes that accounting for improvements in the health status would substantially increase the estimated improvement in economic welfare for the U.S. over the twentieth century.