Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of the Electroencephalogram in Normal Children from the Age of 1 Through 15 Years – Non-paroxysmal activity

PETERSEN, I. , and EEG-OLOFSSON, O. The development of the electroencephalogram in normal children from the age of 1 through 15 years. Non-paroxysmal activity. Neuropadiatrie 2 :247—304 (1971). This investigation has been undertaken to describe the development of the EEG in relation to age and sex. Children not possessing special signs or symptoms, which ex juvantibus imply a risk for the apperance of certain EEG patterns, in the literature looked upon as abnormal, have been investigated. EEG findings have thus been collected, which in clinical diagnostic work can be used as reference values in the evaluation of EEG in connection with different disease states in children. The investigation has been carried out as a transverse study and comprises EEG examinations on 743 selected children — 389 girls and 354 boys. The selection is based on the following criteria of normality: 1. An uneventful prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal period; 2. No disorders of consciousness (sporadic syncope, however, was accepted); 3. No head injury with cerebral symptoms; 4. No history of central nervous system diseases; 5. No obvious somatic disease; 6. No convulsions; 7. No family history of convulsive disorders other than those secondary to acquired cerebral damage; 8. No paroxysmal headache or abdominal pain; 9. No enuresis or encopresis after the fourth birthday; 10. No tics, stuttering, pavor nocturnus or excessive nailbiting; 11. No obvious mental diseases; 12. No conduct disorders; 13. No deviation with regard to mental and physical development. The children were collected from well-baby clinics, child care homes, nursery schools, and schools, all of which were situated in a part of the city with easy access by public transport to the laboratory. The past history of the children was controlled three times, and the delivery files were checked. A somatic examination was performed emphasizing neurological status. Handedness could be adequately judged from 3 years of age. The material has been described with regard to puberty, birth order in family and social family data. EEG was recorded at rest in all children, during hyperventilation in 82.6 per cent of them, during intermittent photic stimulation in 81.4 per cent, and during sleep in 80.5 per cent. After characterization of the different observed EEG patterns and description of statistical treatment, the results including significant correlations and some comments are presented. The most outstanding findings were those related to age and sex. The alpha frequency increased linearly with age, girls showing higher frequencies than boys. The amount of non-rhythmic low frequency activity was estimated, and the records were classified as having "minute", "normal" (10—3O°/o),
Understanding social advocacy

Purpose – This paper aims to examine characteristics that contribute to leaders' emergence and development as social advocates in their organizations and communities.Design/methodology/approach – Building on theories of social problems, influence, and impression management, this paper examines how advocacy is affected by needs and situational conditions. Advocacy is the act of supporting an idea, need, person, or group. Advocates use cognitive, emotional, and behavioral strategies to influence attitudes, behaviors, and/or decisions for the benefit of individuals or to promote organizational change and/or social welfare. Social advocacy occurs within organizations in the form of corporate social responsibility, and it occurs within communities in the form of social entrepreneurship.Findings – This theoretical paper argues that motivation of leaders of social ventures is a function of their conviction, self‐confidence, and extroversion. Advocates' beliefs about people are likely to shape their advocacy stra.
Influence of Salinity on the Bacterial Community Composition in Lake Bosten, a Large Oligosaline Lake in Arid Northwestern China

ABSTRACT Salinity was found to be the dominating contributor controlling bacterial community composition (BCC) and the abundance of Betaproteobacteria in the oligosaline Lake Bosten. The high percentage of unclassified bacteria inhabiting this unique habitat highlights the potential ecological importance of BCC in the early stage of lake salinization and eutrophication.
International Trade, Economic Growth and Intellectual Property Rights: A Panel Data Study of Developed and Developing Countries

This paper examines the role of high-technology trade, IPRs and FDI in determining a country’s rate of innovation and economic growth. The empirical analysis is conducted using a unique panel data set of 47 developed and developing countries from 1970 to 1990. The results suggest that: (1) high-technology imports are relevant in explaining domestic innovation both in developed and developing countries; (2) foreign technology has a stronger impact on per capita GDP growth than domestic technology; (3) IPRs affect the innovation rate, but this impact is more significant for developed countries; (4) the results regarding FDI are inconclusive.
Order Flow and the Monetary Model of Exchange Rates: Evidence from a Novel Data Set

We propose an exchange rate model that is a hybrid of the conventional specification with monetary fundamentals and the Evans–Lyons microstructure approach. We estimate a model augmented with order flow variables, using a unique data set: almost 100 monthly observations on interdealer order flow on dollar/euro and dollar/yen. The augmented macroeconomic, or “hybrid,” model exhibits greater in-sample stability and out of sample forecasting improvement vis-a-vis the basic macroeconomic and random walk specifications.
Dietary Avocado-Derived Mannoheptulose Results in Increased Energy Expenditure After a 28 Day Feeding Trial in Cats

expenditure, oxidation, calorimetry, glucose, insulin ABSTRACT The effect of dietary avocado-derived man- noheptulose (MH; 8 mg/kg BW) treatment was investigated in 20 cats (Felis catus; 3 yr ± 5 mo, 4 ± 2 kg). Cats randomly received a control (-MH) and test (+MH) dietary treatment for 28 d in a crossover design with a 14 d washout period between each treatment leg. Two 22-h indirect calorimetry studies were conducted after cats began to receive dietary treatment on day 0 and 21. Blood samples were collected after a 24 hr fast on day 1 and 22. On day 28 cats were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) following an oral dose of water or dissolved MH (8 mg/kg BW) depending on dietary treatment. Cats were capable of digesting dietary MH as evidenced by significant effects of diet on fasted plasma MH and plasma MH dur- ing the IVGTT (p<0.05). There were no effects of MH on body weight, respiratory quotient in the fasted and post-prandial
Defining Authentic Classroom Assessment.

Copyright is retained by the first or sole author, who grants right of first publication to the Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation. Permission is granted to distribute this article for nonprofit, educational purposes if it is copied in its entirety and the journal is credited. PARE has the right to authorize third party reproduction of this article in print, electronic and database forms.
Solving Continuous POMDPs: Value Iteration with Incremental Learning of an Efficient Space Representation

Discrete POMDPs of medium complexity can be approximately solved in reasonable time. However, most applications have a continuous and thus uncountably infinite state space. We propose the novel concept of learning a discrete representation of the continuous state space to solve the integrals in continuous POMDPs efficiently and generalize sparse calculations over the continuous space. The representation is iteratively refined as part of a novel Value Iteration step and does not depend on prior knowledge. Consistency for the learned generalization is asserted by a self-correction algorithm. The presented concept is implemented for continuous state and observation spaces based on Monte Carlo approximation to allow for arbitrary POMDP models. In an experimental comparison it yields higher values in significantly shorter time than state of the art algorithms and solves higher-dimensional problems.
Early Hyperglycemia in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Predicts for Mortality, Prolonged Duration of Mechanical Ventilation, and Intensive Care Stay

We aim to study the association between hyperglycemia and in-hospital outcomes among children with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric hospital between 2003 and 2013. All patients < 16 years old who presented to the Emergency Department within 24 hours of head injury with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 13 were included. Our outcomes of interest were death, 14 ventilation-free, 14 pediatric intensive care unit- (PICU-) free, and 28 hospital-free days. Hyperglycemia was defined as glucose > 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L). Among the 44 patients analyzed, the median age was 8.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 5.0–11.0). Median GCS and pediatric trauma scores were 7 (IQR 4–10) and 4 (IQR 3–6), respectively. Initial hyperglycemia was associated with death (37% in the hyperglycemia group versus 8% in the normoglycemia group, p = 0.019), reduced median PICU-free days (6 days versus 11 days, p = 0.006), and reduced median ventilation-free days (8 days versus 12 days, p = 0.008). This association was however not significant in the stratified analysis of patients with GCS ≤ 8. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that early hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, and PICU stay in children with TBI.
Clustering-based interference management for QoS guarantees in dense small cell networks

Dense small cells have been considered as a promising solution for improving system throughput in future 5G networks. While, the energy efficiency (EE) of dense small cell networks is also of great concern in 5G networks. But, When a large number of small cells are overlapped, serious inter-cell interference (ICI) becomes one of the major technical challenges, meanwhile, quality of service (QoS) is always a general requirement of 5G networks. So, in this paper, we attempt to explore the potential of clustering-based interference management for QoS guarantees in dense small cell networks. The optimal problem which maximizes the system capacity and EE have been formulated. Taking into account the complex of COMP-JT, graph-based clustering is proposed. Meanwhile, clustering-based cooperative QoS guarantees scheme is proposed, so as to reduce the inter-cell interference and guarantee the QoS. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed policy could enhance the system throughput and energy efficiency.
Familiarity-Affect Link Happiness Cools the Warm Glow of Familiarity : Psychophysiological Evidence That Mood Modulates the

People often prefer familiar stimuli, presumably because familiarity signals safety. This preference can occur with merely repeated old stimuli, but it is most robust with new but highly familiar prototypes of a known category (beauty-in-averageness effect). However, is familiarity always warm? Tuning accounts of mood hold that positive mood signals a safe environment, whereas negative mood signals an unsafe environment. Thus, the value of familiarity should depend on mood. We show that compared with a sad mood, a happy mood eliminates the preference for familiar stimuli, as shown in measures of self-reported liking and physiological measures of affect (electromyographic indicator of spontaneous smiling). The basic effect of exposure on preference and its modulation by mood were most robust for prototypes (category averages). All this occurs even though prototypes might be more familiar in a happy mood. We conclude that mood changes the hedonic implications of familiarity cues.
Unsupervised Interesting Places Discovery in Location-Based Social Sensing

This paper presents an unsupervised approach to accurately discover interesting places in a city from location-based social sensing applications, a new sensing application paradigm that collects observations of physical world from Location-based Social Networks (LBSN). While there are alarge amount of prior works on personalized Point of Interests (POI) recommendation systems, they used supervised learning approaches that did not work for users who have little or no historic (training) data. In this paper, we focused on an interesting place discovery problem where the goal is to accurately discover the interesting places in a city that average people may have strong interests to visit (e.g., parks, museums, historic sites, etc.) using unsupervised approaches. In particular, we develop a new Physical-Social-aware Interesting Place Discovery (PSIPD) scheme which jointly exploits the location's physical dependency and the visitor's social dependency to solve the interesting place discovery problem using an unsupervised approach. We compare our solution with state-of-the-art baselines using two real world data traces from LBSN. The results showed that our approach achieved significant performance improvements compared to all baselines in terms of both estimation accuracy and ranking performance.
Plasma amyloid-β, Aβ1-42, load is reduced by haemodialysis

Patients with chronic renal failure treated with haemodialysis have vascular risk factors that, in the general population, are associated with increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients in haemodialysis, however, present different kinds of dementia but they do not have an increased risk of AD. We have hypothesized that amyloid-beta (Abeta)1-42 is washed out from plasma during the dialysis and that this procedure enhances Abeta elimination and reduces the risk of AD. We have measured plasma Abeta1-42 levels in 11 patients with renal failure, before and after haemodialysis. A single procedure reduced the plasma Abeta levels in all subjects with a mean decrement of 30% of baseline. Since Abeta deposition could be altered by certain metals like Cu and Zn, we have also measured the effects of dialysis on the levels of these ions in plasma. We found no changes in levels of Cu and Zn after dialysis. Haemodialysis, therefore, reduces very effectively plasma Abeta without modifying Cu and Zn levels. The potential use of this strategy in patients with AD requires further investigation.
Preference Between Allocentric and Egocentric 3D Manipulation in a Locally Coupled Configuration

We study user preference between allocentric and egocentric 3D manipulation on mobile devices, in a configuration where the motion of the device is applied to an object displayed on the device itself. We first evaluate this preference for translations and for rotations alone, then for full 6-DOF manipulation. We also investigate the role of contextual cues by performing this experiment in different 3D scenes. Finally, we look at the specific influence of each manipulation axis. Our results provide guidelines to help interface designers select an appropriate default mapping in this locally coupled configuration.
Health-Related Quality of Life in COPD and Asthma Discriminative and evaluative aspects

Background - The effects of intervention can be evaluated in different ways, and objective measurements of changes in lung function are commonly used as the outcome measure. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) is an umbrella term used for all patient-based assessments. One important PRO is health-related quality of life (HRQL), which may be used as an evaluative or discriminative measure. Objectives - To examine COPD subjects' completion of self-administered questionnaires. To study the evaluative effects with HRQL assessments after pulmonary interventions in COPD and asthma. Finally, to explore the discriminative possibility of using HRQL with regard to its relationship to other clinical indices and to disease severity in both COPD and asthma. Results - Most COPD subjects find it easy to complete questionnaires; however, the correlation of age with difficulty in completing questionnaires needs to be considered. Furthermore, it was shown that assessments of HRQL may be useful for evaluative purposes in COPD and asthma, although in COPD longer studies will be needed. The discriminative possibility of using HRQL data in COPD and asthma was shown. Symptoms correlated with HRQL, whereas between lung function and HRQL the relationship was weaker. HRQL seems to deteriorate with disease severity in COPD and asthma, as measured by lung function, or with age. However, great individual variation was noticed. Conclusions - The completion of up to five PRO questionnaires was well accepted by subjects with COPD. HRQL questionnaires might be used for evaluative purposes. HRQL questionnaires appear to have a possibility to be used for discriminative purposes in COPD and asthma, and for comparison of these diseases; however, this needs to be further explored. In homogeneous populations, used in evaluative studies, assessment of HRQL is valuable. In heterogeneous populations, a great variation in HRQL is likely to be seen and therefore there may be a chance to show a relationship between HRQL and lung function measures. However, within severity stages there is a great individual variation.
Animal manure application and soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis

The impact of animal manure application on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes is of interest for both agronomic and environmental purposes. There is a specific need to quantify SOC change for use in national greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories. We quantified the response of SOC stocks to manure application from a large worldwide pool of individual studies and determined the impact of explanatory factors such as climate, soil properties, land use and manure characteristics. Our study is based on a meta‐analysis of 42 research articles totaling 49 sites and 130 observations in the world. A dominant effect of cumulative manure‐C input on SOC response was observed as this factor explained at least 53% of the variability in SOC stock differences compared to mineral fertilized or unfertilized reference treatments. However, the effects of other determining factors were not evident from our data set. From the linear regression relating cumulative C inputs and SOC stock difference, a global manure‐C retention coefficient of 12% ± 4 (95% Confidence Interval, CI) could be estimated for an average study duration of 18 years. Following an approach comparable to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we estimated a relative SOC change factor of 1.26 ± 0.14 (95% CI) which was also related to cumulative manure‐C input. Our results offer some scope for the refinement of manure retention coefficients used in crop management guidelines and for the improvement of SOC change factors for national GHG inventories by taking into account manure‐C input. Finally, this study emphasizes the need to further document the long‐term impact of manure characteristics such as animal species, especially pig and poultry, and manure management systems, in particular liquid vs. solid storage.
Redrawing the Map of Great Britain from a Network of Human Interactions

Do regional boundaries defined by governments respect the more natural ways that people interact across space? This paper proposes a novel, fine-grained approach to regional delineation, based on analyzing networks of billions of individual human transactions. Given a geographical area and some measure of the strength of links between its inhabitants, we show how to partition the area into smaller, non-overlapping regions while minimizing the disruption to each person's links. We tested our method on the largest non-Internet human network, inferred from a large telecommunications database in Great Britain. Our partitioning algorithm yields geographically cohesive regions that correspond remarkably well with administrative regions, while unveiling unexpected spatial structures that had previously only been hypothesized in the literature. We also quantify the effects of partitioning, showing for instance that the effects of a possible secession of Wales from Great Britain would be twice as disruptive for the human network than that of Scotland.
State Skip LFSRs: Bridging the Gap between Test Data Compression and Test Set Embedding for IP Cores

We present a new type of linear feedback shift registers, state skip LFSRs. state skip LFSRs are normal LFSRs with the addition of a small linear circuit, the State Skip circuit, which can be used, instead of the characteristic-polynomial feedback structure, for advancing the state of the LFSR. In such a case, the LFSR performs successive jumps of constant length in its state sequence, since the State Skip circuit omits a predetermined number of states by calculating directly the state after them. By using State Skip LFSRs we get the well- known high compression efficiency of test set embedding with substantially reduced test sequences, since the useless parts of the test sequences are dramatically shortened by traversing them in state skip mode. The length of the shortened test sequences approaches that of test data compression methods. A systematic method for minimizing the test sequences of re- seeding-based test set embedding methods, and a low overhead decompression architecture are also presented.
Zero-Attracting Recursive Least Squares Algorithms

The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm sparsity constraint is a widely used technique for constructing sparse models. In this paper, two zero-attracting recursive least squares algorithms, which are referred to as ZA-RLS-I and ZA-RLS-II, are derived by employing the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm of the parameter vector constraint to facilitate model sparsity. To achieve a closed-form solution, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm of the parameter vector is approximated by an adaptively weighted <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm in which the weighting factors are set as the inversion of the associated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm of parameter estimates that are readily available in the adaptive learning environment. ZA-RLS-II is computationally more efficient than ZA-RLS-I by exploiting the known results from linear algebra and the sparsity of the system. The proposed algorithms are proven to converge, and adaptive sparse channel estimation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Activating Protein 1-Mediated Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Is Independent of N-Terminal Phosphorylation of c-Jun

Transcriptional activation of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene is responsible for high level of prostaglandin production during inflammation and carcinogenesis. We found previously that c-Jun induction plays a crucial role in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced gene expression of COX-2. In this study, the functional role of c-Jun in EGF-induced transcriptional activation of COX-2 in A431 cells was investigated. We found that overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation site mutants had similar stimulatory effects on COX-2 promoter activity and protein expression as c-Jun wild type. TAM-67, a mutant of c-Jun that lacks the N-terminal transactivation domain of c-Jun, also enhanced COX-2 promoter activity and protein expression in cells treated with EGF. In vitro DNA affinity precipitation and reporter assays revealed that regulation of c-Jun C terminus by EGF enhanced c-Jun binding to COX-2 promoter and induced COX-2 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that c-Fos, which provides transactivation function in Jun/Fos heterodimer, was required for EGF-induced expression of COX-2. These results indicated that c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation was not required for EGF-induced expression of COX-2. c-Jun, which could recruit other transcription factors such as c-Fos, was required for EGF-induced expression of COX-2 in A431 cells.