Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structured populations facilitate cooperation in policed Public Goods Games

Societies consisting of cooperative individuals seem to require for their continuing success that defectors be policed. The precise connection between punishers and benefits, population structure, and division of labour, however, remains ill-understood. Many models assume costly "peer punishment" to enforce cooperation, but results in the economics literature suggest that this assumption may not be generally valid. In many human and animal societies, there is a division of labour between a purely supportive majority and a dedicated minority of police-like enforcers. Here we present several extensions to the Public Goods Game with punishment which allow for this possibility, and evaluate their influence on the level of cooperative behaviour. We find that a structure of separate subpopulations, which only interact through migration of individuals, can have a strong effect on the evolutionary dynamics of a system and significantly facilitate cooperation. Forcing defectors to contribute and enabling fitness transfers to punishers both have a weak positive effect on cooperation levels. In the presence of group competition, however, evolutionary effects can paradoxically hinder cooperation.
Fractionally spaced coherent detection with DF MAP estimation of statistically known time-varying Rayleigh fading channel

Coherent symbol by symbol detection using fractionally spaced samples in a time-varying frequency flat Rayleigh fading channel is presented. The proposed detector incorporates a decision feedback (DF) maximum a posteriori (MAP) channel estimator that can be applied to a time-varying flat Rayleigh fading channel with an arbitrary but known spaced-time correlation function. The best achievable bit error rate performance for this detector is obtained by assuming correct bit decisions while performing channel estimation. Differential encoding is used in order to prevent the phase reversal phenomenon during the estimator's operation in a decision directed mode. Numerical results suggest that with only a few samples per symbol and with a short memory estimator depth, most of the gain due to oversampling can be achieved.
Communicating the Consequences of Early Detection: The Role of Evidence and Framing

Despite the enormous benefits of early-detection products, consumers are reluctant to use them. The authors explore this reluctance, testing alternative approaches to communicating the consequences of detection behaviors. The results suggest that anecdotal messages are more involving than statistical messages and that positive anecdotes (about gains from screening) are less persuasive than negative anecdotes (about the losses from failing to get screened); positive anecdotes appear to cause a “boomerang” effect. The authors discuss implications for promoting consumer risk-reduction behaviors.
DESIGN OF A RISC MICROCONTROLLER CORE IN 48 HOURS

In this paper we present a design case study using Handel-C — a recently developed programming language for compilation of high-level programs directly into FPGA hardware. The design is an 8-bit RISC microcontroller core with 33 instructions, prescaler and a programmable timer. Handel-C was used throughout the entire design and debugging flow. The RISC microcontroller d esign was implementedon the XESS XS40 FPGA boardwith Xilinx XC4010XL FPGA. The overall d esign, including debugging, testing and the FPGA implementation was completed in less than 48 man-hours. K e y w o r d s: Handel-C, RISC architecture, design methodology, FPGA, design flow Increasing performance and gate capacity of recent FPGA devices permits complex logic systems to be implemented on a single programmable device. Such a growing complexity demands design approaches, which can cope with designs containing hundreds of thousands of logic gates, memories, high-speed interfaces, and other highperformance components. One category of such design approaches are design methodologies based on languages derived from traditional programming languages such as C, Pascal, Java or others. These allow designers to use the familiar language syntax to develop hardware systems at high level. In this paper we present a design case study of a RISC microcontroller core, designed using a hardware compilation design flow. A C-like language called HandelC is used for the hardware design. The goal of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using Handel-C for rapid design and prototyping of microprocessors. In the following Section 2 we outline the architecture of the RISC microcontroller implemented in this design case study. Section 3 details the implementation methodology, including some real examples of Handel-C code used in the design and the overall project details. The paper concludes with a summary in Section 4.
The role of mindfulness in reducing English language anxiety among Thai college students

ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate whether the degree of mindfulness exhibited by a sample of Thai students had an effect on the level of anxiety they experienced in English as a second language (ESL) public speaking classes, and whether such an effect was related to the students’ level of performance in communicating in English during classroom presentations. The student sample (N = 333) was selected from four marketing major courses in a leading private international university in Thailand, all of which were taught by foreign instructors. Data were collected at different times and from multiple sources in order to lower the possibility of common method bias. The evidence from the Partial Least Squares regression analysis showed that students who reported higher levels of trait and state mindfulness while speaking English tended to experience less anxiety during their presentations. The students who reported low anxiety also obtained higher scores on their presentations than did those who reported high levels of anxiety. The analysis also found that state mindfulness appeared to have stronger explanatory power in predicting ESL public speaking anxiety than did trait mindfulness.
Individual Cognitive Social Capital and Its Relationship with Pain and Sick Leave Due to Pain in the Austrian Population

Background Individual cognitive social capital has repeatedly been shown to be linked to health disparities in many dimensions. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between social capital and pain-related measures. Methods 15,474 subjects older than 15 years were personally interviewed on subjective health, quality of life, health behaviour, and utilisation of healthcare in the Austrian Health Interview Survey. An indicator for cognitive social capital at the individual level consisting of nine questions targeted at different social resources was built and its association with pain-related items analysed. Results Odds ratios, adjusted for age, chronic diseases, and educational level for having suffered from severe pain in the last 12 months were 2.02 (95% CI 1.77–2.03) in the lowest tertile and 1.30 (95% CI 1.14–1.47) in the middle tertile of social capital for men. The corresponding odds ratios for women were 2.28 (95% CI 2.01–2.59) and 1.30 (95% CI 1.15–1.46). In both sexes, pain intensity increased significantly with decreasing level of social capital. The proportion of subjects that have been on sick leave in the last 12 months due to pain were 16.3%, 12.0%, and 7.7% (P<0.001) from lowest to highest tertile of social capital in men, and 16.5%, 12.3%, and 6.7%, respectively (P<0.001) in women. Conclusion Our findings indicate that low cognitive social capital at individual level is significantly associated not only with higher prevalence of pain and higher pain intensity, but also with a higher chance for sick leave due to pain in employed subjects.
Impact of elosulfase alfa in patients with morquio A syndrome who have limited ambulation: An open‐label, phase 2 study

Efficacy and safety of elosulfase alfa enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) were assessed in an open‐label, phase 2, multi‐national study in Morquio A patients aged ≥5 years unable to walk ≥30 meters in the 6‐min walk test. Patients received elosulfase alfa 2.0 mg/kg/week intravenously for 48 weeks. Efficacy measures were functional dexterity, pinch/grip strength, mobility in a modified timed 25‐foot walk, pain, quality of life, respiratory function, and urine keratan sulfate (KS). Safety/tolerability was also assessed. Fifteen patients received elosulfase alfa, three patients discontinued ERT due to adverse events (two were grade 3 drug‐related adverse events, the other was not drug‐related), and two patients missed >20% of planned infusions; 10 completed treatment through 48 weeks and received ≥80% of planned infusions (Modified Per Protocol [MPP] population). The study population had more advanced disease than that enrolled in other trials. From baseline to week 48, MPP data showed biochemical efficacy (urine KS decreased 52.4%). The remaining efficacy results were highly variable due to challenges in test execution because of severe skeletal and joint abnormalities, small sample sizes, and clinical heterogeneity among patients. Eight patients showed improvements in one or more outcome measures; several patients indicated improvements not captured by the study assessments (e.g., increased energy, functional ability). The nature of adverse events was similar to other elosulfase alfa studies. This study illustrates the considerable challenges in objectively measuring impact of ERT in very disabled Morquio A patients and highlights the need to examine results on an individual basis. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of Essential Proteins Based on Local Interaction Density

Prediction of essential proteins which is aided by computer science and supported from high throughput data is a more efficient method compared with time consuming and expensive experimental approaches. There are many computational approaches reported, however they are usually sensitive to various network structures so that their robustness are generally poor. In this paper, a novel topological centrality measure for predicting essential proteins based on local interaction density, named as LID, is proposed. It is different from previous measures that LID takes the essentiality of a node from interaction densities among its neighbors through topological analyses of real proteins in a protein complex set first time at the viewpoint of biological modules. LID is applied to four different yeast protein interaction networks, which are obtained, respectively, from the DIP database and the BioGRID database. The experimental results show that the number of essential proteins detected by LID universally exceeds or approximates the best performance of other 10 topological centrality measures in all 24 comparisons of four networks: DC, BC, ClusterC, CloseC, MNC, SoECC(NC), LAC, SC, EigC, and InfoC. The better robustness of LID for multiple data sets will make it to be a new core topological centrality measure to improve the performance of prediction for more species protein interaction networks.
Extending the Touchscreen Pattern Lock Mechanism with Duplicated and Temporal Codes

We investigate improvements to authentication on mobile touchscreen phones and present a novel extension to the widely used touchscreen pattern lock mechanism. Our solution allows including nodes in the grid multiple times, which enhances the resilience to smudge and other forms of attack. For example, for a smudge pattern covering 7 nodes, our approach increases the amount of possible lock patterns by a factor of 15 times. Our concept was implemented and evaluated in a laboratory user test n=36. The test participants found the usability of the proposed concept to be equal to that of the baseline pattern lock mechanism but considered it more secure. Our solution is fully backwards-compatible with the current baseline pattern lock mechanism, hence enabling easy adoption whilst providing higher security at a comparable level of usability.
A Chandra ACIS Study of 30 Doradus. I. Superbubbles and Supernova Remnants

We present an X-ray tour of diffuse emission in the 30 Doradus star-forming complex in the Large Magellanic Cloud using high spatial resolution X-ray images and spatially resolved spectra obtained with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The dominant X-ray feature of the 30 Doradus nebula is the intricate network of diffuse emission generated by interacting stellar winds and supernovae working together to create vast superbubbles filled with hot plasma. We construct maps of the region showing variations in plasma temperature (T = 3-9 million degrees), absorption [NH = (1-6) × 1021 cm-2], and absorption-corrected X-ray surface brightness [SX = (3-126) × 1031 ergs s-1 pc-2]. Enhanced images reveal the pulsar wind nebula in the composite supernova remnant N157B, and the Chandra data show spectral evolution from nonthermal synchrotron emission in the N157B core to a thermal plasma in its outer regions. In a companion paper we show that R136, the central massive star cluster, is resolved at the arcsecond level into almost 100 X-ray sources. Through X-ray studies of 30 Doradus the complete life cycle of such a massive stellar cluster can be revealed.
Tracking Control for Robot Manipulators with Kinematic and Dynamic Uncertainty

The control objective in many robot manipulator applications is to command the end-effector motion to achieve a desired response. To achieve this objective a mapping is required to relate the joint/link control inputs to the desired Cartesian position and orientation. If there are uncertainties or singularities in the mapping, then degraded performance or unpredictable responses by the manipulator are possible. To address these issues, an adaptive tracking controller is developed in this paper for robot manipulators with uncertainty in the kinematic and dynamic models. The controller is developed based on the unit quaternion representation so that singularities associated with three parameter representations are avoided.
Three-dimensional delayed-detonation models with nucleosynthesis for Type Ia supernovae

We present results for a suite of fourteen three-dimensional, high resolution hydrodynamical simulations of delayed-detonation models of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) explosions. This model suite comprises the first set of three-dimensional SN I a simulations with detailed isotopic yield information. As such, it may serve as a database for Chandrasekhar-mass delayeddetonation model nucleosynthetic yields and for deriving synthetic observables such as spectra and light curves. We employ a physically motivated, stochastic model based on turbulent velocity fluctuations and fuel density to calculate in situ t he deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) probabilities. To obtain different strengths of the deflagration phase and thereby different degrees of pre-expansion, we have chosen a sequence of initial models with 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 1600 (two different realizations) ignition kernels in a hydrostatic white dwarf with central density of 2.9× 10 9 g cm −3 , plus in addition one high central density (5.5× 10 9 g cm −3 ) and one low central density (1.0× 10 9 g cm −3 ) rendition of the 100 ignition kernel configuration. For each simulatio n we determined detailed nucleosynthetic yields by post-processing 10 6 tracer particles with a 384 nuclide reaction network. All delayed detonation models result in explosions unbinding the white dwarf, producing a range of 56 Ni masses from 0.32 to 1.11 M⊙. As a general trend, the models predict that the stable neutron-rich iron group isotopes are not found at the lowest velocities, but rather at intermediate velocities (∼3, 000− 10, 000 km s −1 ) in a shell surrounding a 56 Ni-rich core. The models further predict relatively low velocity oxygen and carbon, with typical minimum velocities around 4, 000 and 10, 000 km s −1 , respectively.
Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator.

Reports of reproductive abnormalities in the American alligator from Lake Apopka, Florida, have been linked to a spill of DDT and other pesticides suspected of having hormonelike activity. To determine whether environmental chemicals had the potential to function as exogenous hormones in the American alligator, we examined the ability of chemicals to bind the estrogen receptor (aER) and progesterone receptor (aPR) in a protein extract prepared from the oviduct of the alligator. In competition binding assays with [3H]17 beta-estradiol, some DDT metabolites showed inhibition of [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding to aER. A combination of DDTs demonstrated an additive decrease in [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding to aER. Modern-use chemicals such as alachlor, trans-nonachlor, endosulfan, and atrazine also competed with [3H]17 beta-estradiol for binding to the aER. To test the effect of chemicals identified in alligator eggs from Lake Apopka on [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding, we mixed these chemicals at concentrations measured in eggs in the competition binding assay. 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide (p,p'-DDD) and trans-nonachlor, both found in Lake Apopka, interacted with aER, whereas others such as chlordane and toxaphene did not. Surprisingly, combinations of these chemicals decreased [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding in a greater than additive manner. To assess the ability of chemicals to interact with aPR, we performed commpetition binding assays with the synthetic progestin [3H]R5020. Most of the chemicals tested did not reduce [3H]R5020 binding to aPR, whereas endosulfan, alachlor, and kepone inhibited binding. These results provide the first evidence that environmental chemicals bind the aER and aPR from the American alligator, supporting the hypothesis that the reported reproductive abnormalities may be related to the modulation of endocrine-related responses. The findings that combinations of chemicals demonstrated a greater than additive interaction with the aER and some chemicals bind to the aPR in the competition binding assay are novel. This suggests that interactions of these chemicals with the endocrine system are complex. ImagesFigure 1. AFigure 1. BFigure 2.Figure 3.Figure 3.Figure 4. AFigure 4. B
Characterization of Sleep Architecture in Down Syndrome Patients Pre and Post Airway Surgery

Objectives To define obstructive sleep architecture patterns in Down syndrome (DS) children as well as changes to sleep architecture patterns postoperatively. Study design The study was a retrospective review. Methods Forty-five pediatric DS patients who underwent airway surgery between 2003 and 2014 at a tertiary children’s hospital for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were investigated. Postoperative changes in respiratory parameters and sleep architecture (SA) were assessed and compared to general pediatric normative data using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Twenty-two out of 45 of the participants were male. Thirty participants underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, four adenoidectomy, 10 tonsillectomy, and one base of tongue reduction. The patients were divided into two groups based on age (<6 years & >6 years) and compared to previously published age matched normative SA data. DS children in both age groups spent significantly less time than controls in rapid eye movement (REM) and N1 (p<0.02). Children younger than six spent significantly less time in N2 than previously published healthy controls (p<0.0001). Children six years of age or older spent more time than controls in N3 (p=0.003). Airway surgery did not significantly alter SA except for an increase in time spent in N1 (p=0.007). Surgery did significantly reduce median apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (p=0.004), obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) (p=0.006), hypopneas (p=0.005), total apneas (p<0.001), and central apneas (p=0.02), and increased the lowest oxygen saturation (p=0.028). Conclusions DS children are a unique population with different SA patterns than the general pediatric population. Airway intervention assists in normalizing both central and obstructive events as well as sleep architecture stages.
A further elaboration of the post-critical belief scale: Evidence for the existence of four different approaches to religion in Flanders-Belgium

To measure religious attitudes in a secularized context, Hutsbaut (1996; 1997) constructed the Post-Critical Belief scale, which was considered to contain three subscales (Orthodoxy, External Critique and Historical Relativism). In a first study it is demonstrated that the two bipolar dimensions of the model of Wulff (1991; 1997) (Inclusion vs. Exclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic) chararcterized the internal structure of the Post-Critical Belief scale. In a twodimensional representation of the Post-Critical Belief scale, four instead of three subscales emerged (Orthodoxy, External Critique, Relativism and Second Naivete). Each of these subscales relates to one of the four quadrants in Wulff's model. Based on these findings a revised Post-Critical Belief scale was constructed, in order to elaborate each of the four subscales. This revised version was put to the test in a second and third study. The internal structure was demonstrated to be stable and replicable. The consequences of the revision are illustrated via the relationships between the subscales and racism.
S100A8/A9 Stimulates Keratinocyte Proliferation in the Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin via the Receptor for Advanced Glycation-End Products

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm in organ transplant recipients (OTR) on long-term immunosuppression and occurs 60- to 100-fold more frequently than in the general population. Here, we present the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and S100A8/A9 as important factors driving normal and tumor keratinocyte proliferation. RAGE and S100A8/A9 were transcriptionally upregulated in SCC compared to normal epidermis, as well as in OTR compared to immunocompetent patients (IC) with SCC. The proliferation of normal and SCC keratinocytes was induced by exposure to exogenous S100A8/A9 which in turn was abolished by blocking of RAGE. The migratory activities of normal and SCC keratinocytes were also increased upon exposure to S100A8/A9. We demonstrated that exogenous S100A8/A9 induces phosphorylation of p38 and SAPK/JNK followed by activation of ERK1/2. We hypothesize that RAGE and S100A8/A9 contribute to the development of human SCC by modulating keratinocyte growth and migration. These processes do not seem to be impaired by profound drug-mediated immunosuppression in OTR.
An Interleaver-Based Asynchronous Cooperative Diversity Scheme for Wireless Relay Networks

Distributed space time coding can achieve full spatial diversity in wireless relay networks. However, it requires accurate symbol-level synchronization and priori coordination between cooperative relay terminals, which is difficult to implement in distributed networks. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme based on interleaving to achieve cooperative diversity in both synchronous and asynchronous networks with little protocol overhead. A low complexity iterative detection algorithm is also proposed to combine signals from different relays at the receiver. The simulation results demonstrate the comparable performance to space-time codes based cooperative schemes which require perfect synchronization and coordination.