Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Modeling of 3D Indoor Scenes

We live in a 3D world, performing activities and interacting with objects in the indoor environments everyday. Indoor scenes are the most familiar and essential environments in everyone's life. In the virtual world, 3D indoor scenes are also ubiquitous in 3D games and interior design. With the fast development of VR/AR devices and the emerging applications, the demand of realistic 3D indoor scenes keeps growing rapidly. Currently, designing detailed 3D indoor scenes requires proficient 3D designing and modeling skills and is often time-consuming. For novice users, creating realistic and complex 3D indoor scenes is even more difficult and challenging. Many efforts have been made in different research communities, e.g. computer graphics, vision and robotics, to capture, analyze and generate the 3D indoor data. This report mainly focuses on the recent research progress in graphics on geometry, structure and semantic analysis of 3D indoor data and different modeling techniques for creating plausible and realistic indoor scenes. We first review works on understanding and semantic modeling of scenes from captured 3D data of the real world. Then, we focus on the virtual scenes composed of 3D CAD models and study methods for 3D scene analysis and processing. After that, we survey various modeling paradigms for creating 3D indoor scenes and investigate human-centric scene analysis and modeling, which bridge indoor scene studies of graphics, vision and robotics. At last, we discuss open problems in indoor scene processing that might bring interests to graphics and all related communities.
A Comparative Analysis of Suicide Terrorists and Rampage, Workplace, and School Shooters in the United States From 1990 to 2010

This study presents results from the first combined quantitative assessment and comparative analysis of suicide terrorists and rampage, workplace, and school shooters who attempt suicide. Findings suggest that in the United States from 1990 to 2010, the differences between these offenders (N = 81) were largely superficial. Prior to their attacks, they struggled with many of the same personal problems, including social marginalization, family problems, work or school problems, and precipitating crisis events. Ultimately, patterns among all four types of offenders can assist those developing security policy, conducting threat assessments, and attempting to intervene in the lives of at-risk individuals.
Bioavailability and tissular distribution of docetaxel, a P‐glycoprotein substrate, are modified by interferon‐α in rats

Interferon‐α (IFN‐α) inhibits intestinal P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expression in rats. In the present study, the effects of repeated pre‐treatment with recombinant human INF‐α (rhIFN‐α) on oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of a P‐gp substrate, docetaxel (DTX; Taxotere) were investigated in a rat model. The bioavailability and distribution in different organs were also studied. Sprague‐Dawley rats were subcutaneously pre‐treated with either rhIFN‐α for 8 days (4MIUkg−1, once daily) or with pegylated‐IFN‐α (ViraferonPeg; 60 μg kg−1, Days 1, 4 and 7). The rats were then distributed into subgroups (n = 5–6) according to the pre‐treatment type, and received one dose of [14C]DTX (20 mg kg−1) either orally or intravenously. Pharmacokinetics studies were then performed over 240 min, at the end of which tissues (intestine, liver, kidneys, lung, heart and brain) were immediately removed for radioactivity quantitation. Non‐pegylated and pegylated IFN‐αboth increased DTX oral bioavailability parameters: Cmax (17.0 ± 4.0 μgL−1 (P < 0.02) and 18 ± 5.5 μg L−1 (P < 0.05), respectively, vs 7.4 ± 2.5 μ g L−1 for the control) and AUC (0.036 ± 0.010 μg h mL−1 (P < 0.01) and 0.033 ± 0.009 μgh mL−1(P < 0.01), respectively, versus 0.012 ± 0.004 μghmL−1 for the control). IFN‐α also delayed DTX absorption from 60 min in controls to about 95 min and 80 min in non‐pegylated and pegylated treated animals, respectively. However, IFN‐αdid not affect intravenous DTX pharmacokinetics and it had a limited effect on tissue distribution at 240 min. [14C]DTX was decreased in intestine and enhanced in brain in both pre‐treated groups. rhIFN‐α modified the P‐gp‐dependent pharmacokinetics of DTX, limited its intestinal efflux and markedly enhanced its oral bioavailability.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL INQUIRY OF DISEASE, ILLNESS AND SICKNESS

The fundamental idea for this article is a review of the theoretical discussion among experts in biomedicine and the social sciences: Arthur Kleinman, Leon Eisenberg, Horacio Fabrega, Byron Good, and Andrew Twaddle, among others; on the concepts of disease , illness , and sickness . The main objective is to explore the conceptual distinction between the triad from the field of anthropology, particularly on how culturally defined concepts of ill health are created. It is generally argued that the complexity of different opinions on human ailment causes difficulty in providing a clear distinction between the triad for the use among medical practitioners, social scientists, and laymen community at large. In particular the analysis reveals that most signs or symptoms of distress are reflective of sufferers’ personal and cultural experiences. They are the cultural processes of illness and sickness , rather than purely understood by medical profession as disease . Additionally, the article demonstrates that with the effort of the experts of biomedicine and social sciences, clear definitions of the different concepts of disease , illness , and sickness indicate different aspects of ill health. Finally, the author focuses the discussion on a proposal to explore how the full triad can be of use amongst laymen patients, particularly in times of physician-patient interactions over ailment diagnosis.
The Growing Burden of Neonatal Opiate Exposure on Children and Family Services in Massachusetts

Increasing opiate use among women of reproductive age has led to a rise in adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Recent studies have documented the increased incidence of NAS, but subsequent impact on the chain of organizations within the social service system remains unexplored. In this article, we begin to estimate the reach of this issue by assessing the labor costs of caring for NAS infants within the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families (MA DCF). Based on a process map of services, we modeled social service hours using encounter-level hospital data as inputs. In this manner, we estimate that MA DCF professionals now devote more than 10,000 hours per month to this single problem. As opiate addiction increases across America, substantial additional investment in social service providers, foster care, Early Intervention Programs, and other family services will be required.
An Effective Vacuum Assisted Extraction Method for the Optimization of Labdane Diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata by Response Surface Methodology

An effective vacuum assisted extraction (VAE) technique was proposed for the first time and applied to extract bioactive components from Andrographis paniculata. The process was carefully optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized experimental conditions, the best results were obtained using a boiling temperature of 65 °C, 50% ethanol concentration, 16 min of extraction time, one extraction cycles and a 12:1 liquid-solid ratio. Compared with conventional ultrasonic assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction, the VAE technique gave shorter extraction times and remarkable higher extraction efficiency, which indicated that a certain degree of vacuum gave the solvent a better penetration of the solvent into the pores and between the matrix particles, and enhanced the process of mass transfer. The present results demonstrated that VAE is an efficient, simple and fast method for extracting bioactive components from A. paniculata, which shows great potential for becoming an alternative technique for industrial scale-up applications.
Correlation between Gas and Dust in Molecular Clouds: L977

We report observations of the J=(1-0) C18O molecular emission line toward the L977 molecular cloud. To study the correlation between C18O emission and dust extinction we constructed a Gaussian smoothed map of the infrared extinction measured by Alves et al. at the same angular resolution (50'') as our molecular-line observations. This enabled a direct comparison of C18O integrated intensities and column densities with dust extinction over a relatively large range of cloud depth (2<AV<30 mag) at 240 positions inside L977. We find a good linear correlation between these two column density tracers for cloud depths corresponding to AV≲10 mag. For cloud depths above this threshold there is a notable break in the linear correlation. Although either optically thick C18O emission or extremely low (Tex<5 K) excitation temperatures at high extinctions could produce this departure from linearity, CO depletion in the denser, coldest regions of L977 may be the most likely cause of the break in the observed correlation. We directly derive the C18O abundance in this cloud over a broad range of cloud depths and find it to be virtually the same as that derived for IC 5146 from the data of Lada et al. In regions of very high extinction (AV>10 mag), such as dense cores, our results suggest that C18O would be a very poor tracer of mass. Consequently, using C18O as a column density tracer in molecular clouds can lead to a 10% to 30% underestimation of overall cloud mass. We estimate the minimum total column density required to shield C18O from the interstellar radiation field to be 1.6 ± 0.5 mag of visual extinction.
There’s No Dying in Baseball: Cultural Valorization, Collective Memory, and Induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame

The purpose of this paper is to determine how the collective memory of a baseball player’s contributions to his sport changes posthumously. We seek to examine if levels of veneration accorded to an athlete depend on whether he is alive or deceased, the timing of his death, and type of death he experienced. Building upon theories of cultural valorization, we propose that collective efforts to remember retired athletes are greater if those athletes have passed on. More explicitly, we argue that a player’s death supplements his lifetime achievements in posthumous efforts to construct and maintain his memory. We analyze the history of voting conducted by the Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) on players eligible for induction into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The results suggest that a variety of performance and recognition measures affect the amount of votes a player receives. As predicted, dying and age of death exert a powerful influence on votes received toward entry into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. However, when hitters and pitchers are analyzed separately, we find partial support for our propositions.
Hemodynamic versus hydrodynamic effects of Guglielmi detachable coils on intra-aneurysmal pressure and flow at varying pulse rate and systemic pressure.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alterations in intra-aneurysmal pressure and flow have been observed after treatment with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). We wished to determine whether these changes could be assigned to a hydrodynamic effect of the coils themselves or a compound effect of coils plus thrombus formation. METHODS Intra-aneurysmal pressure and flow were measured with a 0.014-inch guidewire- mounted transducer in a canine aneurysm in vivo and in vitro before and after treatment with GDCs. Flow was evaluated by using the thermodilution technique. Pressure and flow were also recorded in a bifurcational silicone aneurysm mounted onto a flow phantom during variations in systemic pressure and pulse rate before and following the insertion of GDCs. RESULTS The insertion of GDCs induced a reduction in flow that was qualitatively similar when the aneurysm was perfused either by blood (in vivo) or with normal saline (in vitro). Quantitatively, however, flow was reduced less distinctly during perfusion with saline. In the silicone aneurysm, pressure was inversely related to pulse rate and increased with augmenting systemic pressure, whereas flow remained constant regardless of variations in pressure and pulse rate. After GDC placement, reduced flow was dependent on pulse rate but independent of systemic pressure. CONCLUSION GDCs significantly reduced flow even in the absence of thrombus, indicating that they have a purely hydrodynamic effect. In the silicone model, the decrease in intra-aneurysmal flow after coiling relied upon the pulse rate in a manner suggesting the presence of resonance phenomena.
Anatomical Variations in Clefts of the Lip with or without Cleft Palate

Objective. Few orofacial cleft (OFC) studies have examined the severity of clefts of the lip or palate. This study examined associations between the severity of cleft of the lip with cleft type, laterality, and sex in four regional British Isles cleft registers whilst also looking for regional variations. Design. Retrospective analysis of cleft classification in the data contained in these four cleft registers. Sample. Three thousand and twelve patients from cleft registers based in Scotland, East England, Merseyside, and Belfast were sourced from the period 2002–2010. Submucous clefts and syndromic clefts were included whilst stillbirths, abortuses, and atypical orofacial clefts were excluded. Results. A cleft of the lip in CLP patients is more likely to be complete in males. A cleft of the lip in isolated CL patients is more likely to be complete in females. Variation in the proportion of cleft types was evident between Scotland and East England. Conclusions. Association between severity of cleft of the lip and sex was found in this study with females having a significantly greater proportion of more severe clefts of the lip (CL) and CLP males being more severe (P < 0.0003). This finding supports a fundamental difference between cleft aetiology between CL and CLP.
Fault detection: a quadratic optimisation approach

A fault detection filter is designed by minimising the response to confounding noises whilst keeping the fault response constant. A linear quadratic optimisation problem, related to /spl Hscr//sub 2/ and /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// optimal control is used. The "Q" matrix of the associated Riccati equation is indefinite in contrast to the indefinite "R" matrix of /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// control. We extend linear optimal control theory to solve the fault detection problem in this framework.
Factors Affecting Audit Quality(An Empirical Study from the Perspective of Jordanian Auditors)

The aim of this study is to analyze factors affecting audit quality from the perspective of Jordanian auditors. To achieve this aim, 2 questionnaires were designed and circulated by hand to a sample of auditors representing the Jordanian auditors. The first questionnaire consisted of 75 variables while the other consisted of 62 variables for analysis purposes. Descriptive statistical techniques were used in analyzing data and testing the hypotheses such as frequencies, percentages, standard deviation, means, and one – sample t- test. The effect of five independent variables had been studied. The findings of the study indicate an agreement regarding the important role of audit quality with a percent of (80.20%), and the most effective variables were the factors associated with audit work team (74.4%), while the lowest effect was (64.6%) for variables concerning audit company organization. Based upon these results, a set of recommendations are to be considered by the Jordanian Association of Certified Public Accountants and the regulatory bodies in Jordan, and the auditors themselves, that are basically intended to improve the auditors' performance and to support them in their jobs.
Speech-in-noise intelligibility improvement based on spectral shaping and dynamic range compression

In this paper, we suggest a non-parametric way to improve the intelligibility of speech in noise. The signal is enhanced before presented in a noisy environment, under the constraint of equal global signal power before and after modiﬁcations. Two systems are combined in a cascade form to enhance the quality of the signal ﬁrst in frequency (spectral shaping) and then in time (dynamic range compression). Experiments with speech shaped (SSN) and competing speaker (CS) types of noise at various low SNR values, show that the suggested approach outperforms state-of-the art methods in terms of the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII). In terms of SNR gain there is an improvement of 7 dB (SSN) and 8 dB (CS) over these methods. A formal listening test conﬁrm the efﬁciency of the suggested system in enhancing speech intelligibility in noise.
Analyzing user click paths in a Wikipedia navigation game

Due to the enormous success of Web search technology navigation became only a second-class information seeking strategy on the Web. However, numerous studies highlight the importance of navigation as an alternative information retrieval technique to search. These studies provide evidences that the most efficient information finding occurs in the settings where search and navigation seamlessly integrate and complement each other. Recently, the research community has also recognized the importance of understanding the human navigation behavior since the knowledge on how users navigate helps in designing optimal navigation structures. In this paper we try to gain more insight in how users navigate towards a known target page in Wikipedia. To that end, we conduct an initial analysis of user click paths from a Wikipedia navigation game. In addition, we compare the structure of Wikipedia navigational paths with the structure of search paths in social networks and routing paths in general complex networks.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced fracture nonunion: an inhibition of angiogenesis?

BACKGROUND Approximately 5% to 10% of fractures may result in delayed union or nonunion. The results of research done over the past three decades have shown that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has an inhibitory effect on fracture repair, but the exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Cancer research has identified that NSAIDs impede cell proliferation by inhibiting angiogenesis. It is proposed that a similar mechanism occurs in the induction of NSAID-induced nonunions. This hypothesis was investigated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of the NSAID rofecoxib with use of a murine femoral fracture model. METHODS Two hundred and forty mice were randomized to receive either the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug rofecoxib (5 mg/kg orally) in a 0.5% methylcellulose solution (the NSAID group) or the 0.5% methylcellulose solution only (the control group). Two hundred and thirty-five of the 240 mice underwent surgery to induce an open transverse middiaphyseal femoral fracture, which was then treated with use of a custom-made external fixator. Five additional animals underwent sham surgery with no fracture induced. Outcomes measures included radiographic assessment, histologic analysis, biomechanical testing, and use of laser Doppler flowmetry to assess blood flow across the fracture gap. RESULTS Radiography revealed similar healing patterns in both groups; however, at the later stages (day 32), the NSAID group had poorer healing. Histological analysis demonstrated that the control animals healed quicker (at days 24 and 32) and had more callus and less fibrous tissue (at days 8 and 32) than the NSAID animals did. Biomechanical testing found that the control animals were stronger at day 32. Both groups exhibited a similar pattern of blood flow; however, the NSAID group exhibited a lower median flow from day 4 onward (significant at days 4, 16, and 24). Positive correlations were demonstrated between both histological and radiographic assessments of healing and increasing blood flow. NSAID-treated animals exhibited lower blood flow and poorer healing by all parameters. Regression analysis, however, demonstrated that the negative effect of NSAIDs on fracture repair is independent of its inhibitory action on blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Following the development of a novel method of analyzing functional vascularity across a fracture gap, we have demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib has a significant negative effect on blood flow across the fracture gap as well as an inhibiting effect on fracture repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE COX-2 inhibitors are marketed as having low side-effect profiles. We propose that these drugs should be used with caution in all patients following osseous trauma and, in particular, after injuries that may already predispose a fracture to a delayed union due to osseous, vascular, or patient-related factors.
Cytokine signatures of innate and adaptive immunity in 17DD yellow fever vaccinated children and its association with the level of neutralizing antibody.

BACKGROUND The live attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccines have been available for decades and are considered highly effective and one of the safest vaccines worldwide. METHODS The impact of YF-17DD-antigens recall on cytokine profiles of YF-17DD-vaccinated children were characterized using short-term cultures of whole blood samples and single-cell flow cytometry. This study enrolled seroconverters and nonseroconverters after primovaccination (PV-PRNT⁺ and PV-PRNT⁻), seroconverters after revaccination (RV-PRNT⁺), and unvaccinated volunteers (UV-PRNT⁻). RESULTS The analysis demonstrated in the PV-PRNT⁺ group a balanced involvement of pro-inflammatory/regulatory adaptive immunity with a prominent participation of innate immunity pro-inflammatory events (IL-12⁺ and TNF-α⁺ NEU and MON). Using the PV-PRNT⁺ cytokine signature as a reference profile, PV-PRNT⁻ presented a striking lack of innate immunity proinflammatory response along with an increased adaptive regulatory profile (IL-4⁺CD4⁺ T cells and IL-10⁺ and IL-5⁺CD8⁺ T cells). Conversely, the RV-PRNT⁺ shifted the overall cytokine signatures toward an innate immunity pro-inflammatory profile and restored the adaptive regulatory response. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrated that the overall cytokine signature was associated with the levels of PRNT antibodies with a balanced innate/adaptive immunity with proinflammatory/regulatory profile as the hallmark of PV-PRNT(MEDIUM⁺), whereas a polarized regulatory response was observed in PV-PRNT⁻ and a prominent proinflammatory signature was the characteristic of PV-PRNT(HIGH⁺).
Are There Age Differences in the Executive Component of Working Memory? Evidence from Domain-General Interference Effects

ABSTRACT Young and older adults performed verbal and spatial storage-only and storage-plus-processing working memory tasks while performing a secondary finger tapping task, and the effects on both the maximum capacity (measured as the longest series correct) and the reliability (measured as the proportion of items correct) of working memory were assessed. Tapping tended to produce greater disruption of working memory tasks that place greater demands on executive processes (i.e., storage-plus-processing tasks compared to storage-only span tasks). Moreover, tapping produced domain-general interference, disrupting both verbal and spatial working memory, providing further support for the idea that tapping interferes with the executive component of the working memory system, rather than domain-specific maintenance processes. Nevertheless, tapping generally produced equivalent interference effects in young and older adults. Taken together, these findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that age-related declines in working memory are primarily attributable to a deficit in the executive component.