Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling turbulent vertical mixing sensitivity using a 1-D version of NEMO

Abstract. Through two numerical experiments, a 1-D vertical model called NEMO1D was used to investigate physical and numerical turbulent-mixing behaviour. The results show that all the turbulent closures tested (k+l from Blanke and Delecluse, 1993, and two equation models: generic length scale closures from Umlauf and Burchard, 2003) are able to correctly reproduce the classical test of Kato and Phillips (1969) under favourable numerical conditions while some solutions may diverge depending on the degradation of the spatial and time discretization. The performances of turbulence models were then compared with data measured over a 1-year period (mid-2010 to mid-2011) at the PAPA station, located in the North Pacific Ocean. The modelled temperature and salinity were in good agreement with the observations, with a maximum temperature error between −2 and 2 °C during the stratified period (June to October). However, the results also depend on the numerical conditions. The vertical RMSE varied, for different turbulent closures, from 0.1 to 0.3 °C during the stratified period and from 0.03 to 0.15 °C during the homogeneous period. This 1-D configuration at the PAPA station (called PAPA1D) is now available in NEMO as a reference configuration including the input files and atmospheric forcing set described in this paper. Thus, all the results described can be recovered by downloading and launching PAPA1D. The configuration is described on the NEMO site ( http://www.nemo-ocean.eu/Using-NEMO/Configurations/C1D_PAPA ). This package is a good starting point for further investigation of vertical processes.
Tracking Analysis of Affine Projection Filters to Carrier Frequency Offset

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) between transmitter and receiver carrier generators degrade the performance of adaptive filters seriously, even for very small CFO. Tracking analysis of the affine projection filter is carried out in the presence of CFO. The energy conservation relation of the affine projection filter with both random and cyclic nonstationarities is derived. Based on the energy conservation relation the steadystate mean-square error is derived in the presence of cyclic nonstationarities. The theoretical results are very close to the Monte Carlo simulation curves. Besides, the simulations results show that the tracking performance improves according to the increase of the order of the affine projection filters.
Semi-empirical analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies – II. The bimodality of the galaxy population revisited

We revisit the bimodal distribution of the galaxy population commonly seen in the local universe. Here, we address the bimodality observed in galaxy properties in terms of spectral synthesis products, such as mean stellar ages and stellar masses, derived from the application of this powerful method to a volume-limited sample, with magnitude limit cut-off M(r ) =− 20.5, containing about 50 000 luminous galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 2 (DR2). In addition, galaxies are classified according to their emission-line properties in three distinct spectral classes: star-forming galaxies, with young stellar populations; passive galaxies, dominated by old stellar populations; and hosts of active nuclei, which comprise a mix of young and old stellar populations. We show that the extremes of the distribution of some galaxy properties, essentially galaxy colours, 4000 A break index and mean stellar ages, are associated to star-forming galaxies at one side, and passive galaxies at another. We find that the mean light-weighted stellar age of galaxies is directly responsible for the bimodality seen in the galaxy population. The stellar mass, in this view, has an additional role since most of the star-forming galaxies present in the local universe are low-mass galaxies. Our results also give support to the existence of a ‘downsizing’ in galaxy formation, where massive galaxies seen nowadays have stellar populations formed at early times.
Auto-scaling techniques for elastic data stream processing

An elastic data stream processing system is able to handle changes in workload by dynamically scaling out and scaling in. This allows for handling of unexpected load spikes without the need for constant overprovisioning. One of the major challenges for an elastic system is to find the right point in time to scale in or to scale out. Finding such a point is difficult as it depends on constantly changing workload and system characteristics. In this paper we investigate the application of different auto-scaling techniques for solving this problem. Specifically: (1) we formulate basic requirements for an auto-scaling technique used in an elastic data stream processing system (2) we use the formulated requirements to select the best auto scaling techniques and (3) we perform evaluation of the selected auto scaling techniques using the real world data. Our experiments show that the auto scaling techniques used in existing elastic data stream processing systems are performing worse than the strategies used in our work.
Foreign Firms and Labor Market Implications : An Analysis using Heterogeneous Matching Models

In this paper, the labor market implications of increased foreign rm activity in the local economy is studied by using a heterogeneous matching model framework. There are a number of unskilled and skilled job seekers, and a number of job vacancies posted by local and foreign rms. In this set up, where all workers can engage in on-the-job search, equilibrium conditions and Nash bargaining approach allows derivation of wages for di¤erent types of workers and rms. Results suggest that wages are a weighted average of labor productivity and unemployment bene t, where the weight depends on the bargaining power of the workers, labor market tightness and the mass of local and foreign vacancies. Results note that levels of wages paid by foreign rm need not always greater than that paid by local rm, depending on relative costs, skill endowment and technological gap between local and foreign rm. An increase in foreign presence, measured as an increase in foreign rm vacancy creation, can occur because of an exogenous change in costpublic policy, technological improvements and skill upgrading. In this context, depending on the cause of an increase in foreign presence we end up with di¤erential relative wage e¤ects, both on the skill and rm premia.
Fast handovers and context transfers in mobile networks

We describe recent work enabling fast handovers and context transfer between access routers offering Internet connectivity for mobile (often wireless) nodes. We present our framework for engineering general context transfer solutions, and a protocol which uses the framework to provide a simple yet general mechanism for carrying out context transfers during handovers. Since our mechanism operates at the network level, we expect that it will be the most expedient way to provide for seamless handovers between heterogeneous networks. We report our results which show that fast handovers with context transfer at the network layer can support uninterrupted voice over IP (VoIP). Thus, our context transfer framework will catalyze the arrival of a unified wireless telecommunications network, with voice and data connectivity anytime, anywhere. Towards that end, we describe how our results and context transfer framework relate to other work within the IETF.
Identification and Analysis of Business and Software Services—A Consolidated Approach

Although the benefits of service orientation are prevalent in literature, a review, analysis, and evaluation of the 30 existing service analysis approaches presented in this paper have shown that a comprehensive approach to the identification and analysis of both business and supporting software services is missing. Based on this evaluation of existing approaches and additional sources, we close this gap by proposing an integrated, consolidated approach to business and software service analysis that combines and extends the strengths of the examined methodologies.
Towards an understanding of nonlinear electrokinetics at large applied voltages in concentrated solutions

The venerable theory of electrokinetic phenomena rests on the hypothesis of a dilute solution of point-like ions in quasi-equilibrium with a weakly charged surface, whose potential relative to the bulk is of order the thermal voltage (kT/e ≈ 25 mV at room temperature). In nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena, such as AC or induced-charge electro-osmosis (ACEO, ICEO) and induced-charge electrophoresis (ICEP), several Volts ≈ 100 kT/e are applied to polarizable surfaces in microscopic geometries, and the resulting electric fields and induced surface charges are large enough to violate the assumptions of the classical theory. In this article, we review the experimental and theoretical literatures, highlight discrepancies between theory and experiment, introduce possible modifications of the theory, and analyze their consequences. We argue that, in response to a large applied voltage, the “compact layer” and “shear plane” effectively advance into the liquid, due to the crowding of solvated counter-ions. Using simple continuum models, we predict two general trends at large voltages: (i) ionic crowding against a blocking surface expands the diffuse double layer and thus decreases its differential capacitance, and (ii) a concomitant viscosity increase near the surface reduces the electro-osmotic mobility. The former effect can predict high-frequency flow reversal in ACEO pumps, while the latter may explain the universal decay of ICEO flow with increasing salt concentration. Through several colloidal examples, such as ICEP of an uncharged metal sphere in an asymmetric electrolyte, we predict that nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena are generally ion-specific. Similar theoretical issues arise in nanofluidics (due to molecular confinement) and ionic liquids (due to the lack of solvent), so the paper concludes with a general framework of modified electrokinetic equations for finite-sized ions.
Visual Search for Change: A Probe into the Nature of Attentional Processing

A set of visual search experiments tested the proposal that focused attention is needed to detect change. Displays were arrays of rectangles, with the target being the item that continually changed its orientation or contrast polarity. Five aspects of performance were examined: linearity of response, processing time, capacity, selectivity, and memory trace. Detection of change was found to be a self-terminating process requiring a time that increased linearly with the number of items in the display. Capacity for orientation was found to be about five items, a value comparable to estimates of attentional capacity. Observers were able to filter out both static and dynamic variations in irrelevant properties. Analysis also indicated a memory for previously attended locations. These results support the hypothesis that the process needed to detect change is much the same as the attentional process needed to detect complex static patterns. Interestingly, the features of orientation and polarity were found to be handled in somewhat different ways. Taken together, these results not only provide evidence that focused attention is needed to see change, but also show that change detection itself can provide new insights into the nature of attentional processing.
Key Issues in Selected Articles on Evidence Based Medicine

EBM (evidence based medicine) is an application of knowledge management, appraising clinical studies critically and considering their applicability in clinical work. To discover current EBM issues, this paper presents an analysis of recent published articles. Issues identified include: Benefits of using EBM; Need for and possible lack of accuracy in available evidence; Difficulty of relating RCT (randomised clinical trial) evidence to clinical practice and to the individual patient; Potential for conflict with the experience of the practitioner; Lack of time and lack of understanding for full use of EBM; Need for improved training in the use of EBM; Need to constantly update and expand the available evidence.
In vitro susceptibility to methicillin, vancomycin and linezolid of staphylococci isolated from bloodstream infections in eastern Turkey

Staphylococcus species are one of the major causes of bacterial bloodstream infections. Multi-resistant staphylococci infections are major therapeutic problems. This study was aimed to detect methicillin, linezolid and vancomycin susceptibilities of Staphylococcus isolates. A total of 870 Staphylococcus strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients with BSI. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of methicillin, linezolid and vancomycin were detected according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A total of 771 (88.6%) isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 700 (80.5%) isolates were methicillin-resistant (MR) and 170 (19.5%) were methicillin-susceptible (MS). All the MS isolates were also susceptible to linezolid. However 15 (1.7%) of MR strains were resistant to linezolid. The minimum inhibitory concentration range for the linezolid-resistant isolates by Etest was 6–32 μg/mL. The difference between linezolid susceptibilities for MS and MR staphylococci was not quite statistically significant (p = 0.052). There was no statistically significant difference between S. aureus and CoNS isolates for linezolid susceptibility. All of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. In conclusion, linezolid is currently an efficient option for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococci infections.
High-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the merger of binary white dwarfs

Context. The coalescence of two white dwarfs is the final outcome of a sizeable fraction of binary stellar systems. Moreover, this process has been proposed to explain several interesting astrophysical phenomena. Aims. We present the results of a set of high-resolution simulations of the merging process of two white dwarfs. Methods. We use an up-to-date smoothed particle hydrodynamics code that incorporates very detailed input physics and an improved treatment of the artificial viscosity. Our simulations have been done using a large number of particles (∼4 × 10 5 ) and covering the full range of masses and chemical compositions of the coalescing white dwarfs. We also compare the time evolution of the system during the first phases of the coalescence with what is obtained using a simplified treatment of mass transfer; we discuss in detail the characteristics of the final configuration; we assess the possible observational signatures of the merger, such as the associated gravitational waveforms and the fallback X-ray flares; and we study the long-term evolution of the coalescence. Results. The mass transfer rates obtained during the first phases of the merger episode agree with the theoretical expectations. In all the cases studied, the merged configuration is a central compact object surrounded by a self-gravitating Keplerian disk, except in the case where two equal-mass white dwarfs coalesce. Conclusions. We find that the overall evolution the system and the main characteristics of the of the final object agree with other previous studies in which lower resolutions were used. We also find that the fallback X-ray luminosities are close to 10 47 erg/s. The gravitational waveforms are characterized by the sudden disappearance of the signal in a few orbital periods.
Sociolinguistic variation in Asian Englishes: The case of coronal stop deletion

This paper examines coronal stop deletion (CSD), the deletion of word-final /-t, -d/ in consonant clusters, in three new varieties of Asian English: China English, Hong Kong English, and Viet Nam English. The study seeks to determine to which extent the linguistic and extralinguistic constraints found to govern CSD in other varieties of English also impact CSD in emerging Englishes such as those examined in the current study. A total of 60 tertiary students, 20 from each variety of English, participated in the study. Results indicate that, while new Englishes such as China English, Hong Kong English, and Viet Nam English are affected by constraints such as linguistic environment and morphological conditioning, the proficiency level of speakers impacts CSD rates and the effects of the various constraints.
Multihop Energy Efficient Reliable and Fault Tolerant Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

The work in this paper aims at designing a multihop energy efficient, reliable and fault tolerant routing protocol. It proposes to maintain an asymmetric network of sensors so that the nodes get a chance to configure their transmission ranges best, and thus delivers data to the base station using as little energy as possible. Our protocol design concentrates on the load sharing feature by maintaining multiple routes and selecting the best one for relaying the data packets. It assigns different transmission powers to different nodes based on the network topology. The problem of bottleneck around the base station is addressed by varying the transmission ranges of the nodes periodically, which changes the topology, to balance the responsibility among the nodes across the network.
The cardiac Fas (APO-1/CD95) Receptor/Fas ligand system : relation to diastolic wall stress in volume-overload hypertrophy in vivo and activation of the transcription factor AP-1 in cardiac myocytes.

BACKGROUND Fas (APO-1/CD95) is a transmembrane receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Cross-linking of Fas by Fas ligand (FasL), a tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related cytokine, promotes apoptosis and/or transcription factor activation in a highly cell-type-specific manner. The biological consequences of Fas activation in cardiomyocytes and the regulation of Fas and FasL abundance in the myocardium in vivo remain largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS As shown by immunohistochemistry, Fas was expressed on the sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes in left ventricular tissue sections. Moreover, FasL was constitutively expressed in the myocardium and in isolated cardiomyocytes, as revealed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Left ventricular abundance of Fas but not FasL was upregulated in a rat model of compensated volume-overload hypertrophy and was closely related to diastolic but not systolic wall stress as determined by MRI. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was not enhanced in volume-overload hypertrophy despite the increased expression of Fas and the presence of FasL in the myocardium. Moreover, injection of mice with an agonistic anti-Fas antibody promoted hepatocyte but not cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo. Stimulation of isolated cardiomyocytes with recombinant FasL promoted an activation of the transcription factor AP-1 as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays but did not induce cell death. CONCLUSIONS Fas and FasL are constitutively expressed in the myocardium and in cardiomyocytes. Myocardial expression of Fas is closely related to diastolic loading conditions in vivo. Signaling pathways emanating from Fas are coupled to an activation of the transcription factor AP-1 in cardiomyocytes.
Towards the Computational Inference and Application of a Functional Grammar

This thesis describes a methodology for the computational learning and classification of a Systemic Functional Grammar. A machine learning algorithm is developed that allows the structure of the classifier learned to be a representation of the grammar. Within Systemic Functional Linguistics, Systemic Functional Grammar is a model of language that has explicitly probabilistic distributions and overlapping categories. Mixture modeling is the most natural way to represent this, so the algorithm developed is one of the few machine learners that extends mixture modeling to supervised learning, retaining the desirable property that it is also able to discover intrinsic unlabelled categories. As a Systemic Function Grammar includes theories of context, syntax, semantics, function and lexis, it is a particularly difficult concept to learn, and this thesis presents the first attempt to infer and apply a truly probabilistic Systemic Functional Grammar. Because of this, the machine learning algorithm is benchmarked against a collection of state-ofthe-art learners on some well-known data sets. It is shown to be comparably accurate and particularly good at discovering and exploiting attribute correlation, and in this way it can also be seen as a linearly scalable solution to the Naïve Bayes attribute independence assumption. With a focus on function at the level of form, the methodology is shown to infer an accurate functional grammar that classifies with above 90% accuracy, even across registers of text that are fundamentally very different from the one that was learned on. The discovery of unlabelled functions occurred with a high level of sophistication, and so the proposed methodology has very broad potential as an analytical and/or classification tool in a functional approach to Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing.
The Effect of Dynamic Seating on Classroom Behavior for Students in a

This study examined the effect of using FootFidgets® and standing desks with FootFidgets® on attention and work completion for students in a fourth grade class in a private elementary school. An A-B-C single subject case study design where phases were one week, and students completed daily visual analog scales to examine classroom behavior. The mean attention of students significantly increased while using the standing desk and FootFidget®, t(8) = 2.79, p = . 024. One student identified by the Sensory Processing Measure: Home Form as having some problems processing sensory input, increased work completion while using the standing desk and FootFidget®. The FootFidget® alone did not significantly increase attention or work completion of the students. Students reported liking the FootFidget® 90% of the time. The FootFidget® and standing desk may provide increased sensory input compared to the FootFidget® alone. The FootFidget® and standing desk are potential environmental adaptations to improve academic performance. Since the enactment of No Child Left Behind (2001) there have been increasing demands on schools nationwide to improve the academic performance of their students. No Child Left Behind mandates that by the 2013-2014 school year all students must pass a statewide test at a predetermined proficiency level. Furthermore, according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004) students are only removed from the least restrictive learning environment if necessary. The least restricted environment mandate requires that students who demonstrate the ability to attend general education classrooms should be placed in such an environment. With this mandate, children with special needs may be increasingly placed in general education classrooms and settings (e.g. lunchroom, playground, library) where they may need modifications and supports that facilitate successful academic performance. One special need that is becoming increasingly prevalent in schools is sensory processing disorders (SPD). According to the Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation, an estimated 5-15% of Americans are affected by a SPD (Dobbins, Sunder & Soltys, 2007). Children with a SPD in the classroom may fidget, be inattentive, and distracted, all of which may negatively impact their academic performance through decreased on-task behavior and work completion. Additionally, students with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), and other diagnoses that affect attention may exhibit the same behaviors. It is important to explore different methods that can help these students be successful in the classroom. 5 Occupational therapists working in school systems are an integral facilitator of academic …