Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The myth of the psychopathic personality.

1. The concept of psychopathic personality is at present in a transitional state. While most clinical workers in the field still move at the superficial descriptive level, some attempt for delimitation is already being made, though it is still mainly at the descriptive level; while a few, as yet in great minority, are attempting to interpret the reaction in terms of underlying dynamics, emphasizing motivation rather than behavior. 2. One of the greatest difficulties in the whole situation is that the majority of writers do not offer adequately worked up case material, which therefore precludes a dynamic formulation. 3. Some workers appear to get away from the previously held concept that the condition is hereditary and constitutional. Instead, the emphasis on psychogenesis appears to be gaining ground. Unfortunately, this remains for the most a statement without casuistic material to support it. 4. Equally, the grouping is being more and more narrowed, and some workers exclude from the consideration of ps.
Noise analysis of phase-locked loops

This work addresses the problem of noise analysis of phase locked loops (PLLs). The problem is formulated as a stochastic differential equation and is solved in presence of circuit white noise sources yielding the spectrum of the PLL output. Specifically, the effect of loop filter characteristics, phase-frequency detector and phase noise of the open loop voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) on the PLL output spectrum is quantified. These results are derived using a full nonlinear analysis of the VCO in the feedback loop and cannot be predicted using traditional linear analyses or the phase noise analysis of open loop oscillators. The computed spectrum matches well with measured results, specifically, the shape of the output spectrum matches very well with measured PLL output spectra reported in the literature for different kinds of loop filters and phase detectors. The PLL output spectrum computation only requires the phase noise of the VCO, loop filter and phase detector noise, phase detector gain and loop filter transfer function and does not require the transient simulation of the entire PLL which can be very expensive. The noise analysis technique is illustrated with some examples.
Tumor-derived exosomes in cancer progression and treatment failure

Exosomes have diameter within the range of 30-100nm and spherical to cup-shaped nanoparticles with specific surface molecular characteristics, such as CD9 and CD63. These vesicles are present in nearly all human body fluids, including blood plasma/serum, saliva, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, semen, and particularly enriched in tumor microenvironment. Exosomes contain multiple proteins, DNA, mRNA, miRNA, long non-coding RNA, and even genetic materials of viruses/prions. These materials are biochemically and functionally distinct and can be transferred to a recipient cell where they regulate protein expression and signaling pathways. Recently, exosomes are demonstrated to have a close relationship with tumor development and metastasis. Exosomes influence therapeutic effect in cancer patients. In this review, we describe the biogenesis, composition, and function of exosomes. The mechanism on how tumor-derived exosomes contribute to cancer progression and clinical treatment failure is also described, with special focus on their potential applications in cancer therapy.
Mining design patterns from C++ source code

Design patterns are micro architectures that have proved to be reliable, easy-to implement and robust. There is a need in science and industry for recognizing these patterns. We present a new method for discovering design patterns in the source code. This method provides a precise specification of how the patterns work by describing basic structural information like inheritance, composition, aggregation and association, and as an indispensable part, by defining call delegation, object creation and operation overriding. We introduce a new XML-based language, the Design Pattern Markup Language (DPML), which provides an easy way for the users to modify pattern descriptions to suit their needs, or even to define their own patterns or just classes in certain relations they wish to find. We tested our method on four open-source systems, and found it effective in discovering design pattern instances.
A new approach to measuring transverse properties of structural tubing by a ring test : Experimental investigation

The experimental investigation of a new approach to the ring test is presented in this paper. A new design of an optimized ring specimen geometry and ring testing system was used, which was described in an earlier paper. Based on the three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element modeling with contact, a procedure for determining the stress from the global force and the strain from the global displacement has been proposed. The influences of different parameters, such as yield strength, hardening rate, Young's modulus, and friction coefficient on these curves has been examined. A comparison has been made between the finite element modeling results and the ring test results on two materials. One is a model material (aluminum-silicon, an aluminum alloy reinforced by silicon particles) that has been widely investigated in our laboratory and the second is a material (Zircaloy) used in the nuclear industry.
Executive functions in girls with and without childhood ADHD: developmental trajectories and associations with symptom change.

BACKGROUND We prospectively followed an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 140) and a matched comparison sample (n = 88) from childhood through young adulthood to evaluate developmental trajectories of executive functions (EF) and associations between EF trajectories and dimensional measures of ADHD symptoms. We hypothesized that (a) EF trajectories would be similar in girls both with and without childhood ADHD, with the ADHD group showing greater impairment across time; and (b) changes in EF abilities would predict changes in ADHD symptoms across time, consistent with the theory that ADHD symptom reductions partially result from prefrontally mediated EF development. METHOD Latent growth curve models were used to evaluate development of sustained attention, response inhibition, working memory, and global EF abilities, and associations between EF trajectories and ADHD symptom trajectories. RESULTS Girls with childhood-diagnosed ADHD showed greater improvement across development on measures of sustained attention and global EF, but similar rates of improvement on measures of working memory and response inhibition. Changes in the global EF measure predicted changes in both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms across time, whereas changes in response inhibition predicted changes in hyperactive-impulsive symptoms; associations between changes in other EF variables and symptoms were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest variability in patterns of EF improvement over time in females with ADHD histories and indicate that EF development may play a role in symptom change.
&ggr;-Glutamyltransferase, Hepatic Enzymes, and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Older Men

Objective—The relationship between &ggr;-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and heart failure (HF) in older adults is unknown. We have examined the relationship between GGT, other markers of hepatic function (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), and incident HF in older men. Methods and Results—This was a prospective study of 3494 men aged 60 to 79 years with no diagnosed HF or myocardial infarction followed up for a mean period of 9 years, in whom there were 168 incident HF cases. Elevated GGT (top quartile, ≥38 U/L) was associated with significantly increased risk of incident HF in men aged <70 years but not in men aged ≥70 years (test for age-GGT interaction, P<0.0001). The increased risk of HF associated with elevated GGT persisted after adjustment for a wide range of established and novel risk factors for HF, including diabetes, stroke, obesity, systolic blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, lung function, inflammation (C-reactive protein), endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor), leptin, and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.91 [1.07, 3.42]). Other liver function markers showed no significant associations with HF after similar adjustments. Conclusion—Elevated GGT was associated with increased risk of HF in men aged <70 years. Additional studies are now needed to determine the mechanisms responsible.
Experimental Investigation on the Quasi-Ballistic Transport: Part II—Backscattering Coefficient Extraction and Link With the Mobility

Using a new extraction methodology taking into account multisubband population and carrier degeneracy, we have experimentally determined backscattering coefficients, ballistic ratios, and injection velocities of n- and p-FDSOI devices with gate lengths down to 30 nm in the saturated and, for the first time, in the linear regimes. The evolution of these quasi-ballistic parameters is examined as a function of the inversion charge in the channel and at temperatures ranging from 50 to 293 K, showing stronger ballistic ratios in the saturated regime than in the linear one. We particularly focus on the linear regime, and a model linking ballisticity ratios and effective mobility is proposed and validated experimentally for different gate lengths. According to the experimental evaluation of the device mean-free path and its evolution with both the inversion charge in the channel and the temperature, we investigate the mobility degradation with decreasing gate lengths, highlighting the importance of Coulomb scattering on this unexpected mobility behavior.
Prepubertal exposure to cow's milk reduces susceptibility to carcinogen‐induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats

Cow's milk contains high levels of estrogens, progesterone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), all of which are associated with breast cancer. We investigated whether prepubertal milk exposure affects mammary gland development and carcinogenesis in rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were given either whole milk or tap water to drink from postnatal day (PND) 14 to PND 35, and thereafter normal tap water. Mammary tumorigenesis was induced by administering 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene on PND 50. Milk exposure increased circulating E2 levels on PND 25 by 10‐fold (p < 0.001) and accelerated vaginal opening, which marks puberty onset, by 2.5 days (p < 0.001). However, rats exposed to milk before puberty exhibited reduced carcinogen‐induced mammary carcinogenesis; that is, their tumor latency was longer (p < 0.03) and incidence was lower (p < 0.05) than in the controls. On PND 25 and 50, mammary glands of the milk‐exposed rats had significantly less terminal end buds (TEBs) than the tap water‐exposed controls (p < 0.019). ER‐α protein levels were elevated in the TEBs and lobules of milk rats, compared to rats given tap water (p < 0.019), but no changes in cyclin D1 expression, cell proliferation or apoptosis were seen. IGF‐1 mRNA levels were reduced on PND 50 in the mammary glands of rats exposed to milk at puberty. Our results suggest that drinking milk before puberty reduces later risk of developing mammary cancer in rats. This might be mediated by a reduction in the number of TEBs and lower expression of IGF‐1 mRNA in the mammary glands of milk‐exposed animals.
The BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Impairs Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in the Infralimbic Medial Prefrontal Cortex

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is a common human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that affects the regulated release of BDNF, and has been implicated in affective disorders and cognitive dysfunction. A decreased activation of the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (IL-mPFC), a brain region critical for the regulation of affective behaviors, has been described in BDNFMet carriers. However, it is unclear whether and how the Val66Met polymorphism affects the IL-mPFC synapses. Here, we report that spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) was absent in the IL-mPFC pyramidal neurons from BDNFMet/Met mice, a mouse that recapitulates the specific phenotypic properties of the human BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Also, we observed a decrease in NMDA and GABA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the pyramidal neurons of BDNFMet/Met mice. While BDNF enhanced non-NMDA receptor transmission and depressed GABA receptor transmission in the wild-type mice, both effects were absent in BDNFMet/Met mice after BDNF treatment. Indeed, exogenous BDNF reversed the deficits in STDP and NMDA receptor transmission in BDNFMet/Met neurons. BDNF-mediated selective reversal of the deficit in plasticity and NMDA receptor transmission, but its lack of effect on GABA and non-NMDA receptor transmission in BDNFMet/Met mice, suggests separate mechanisms of Val66Met polymorphism upon synaptic transmission. The effect of the Val66Met polymorphism on synaptic transmission and plasticity in the IL-mPFC represents a mechanism to account for this impact of SNP on affective disorders and cognitive dysfunction.
EIE: Efficient Inference Engine on Compressed Deep Neural Network

State-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) have hundreds of millions of connections and are both computationally and memory intensive, making them difficult to deploy on embedded systems with limited hardware resources and power budgets. While custom hardware helps the computation, fetching weights from DRAM is two orders of magnitude more expensive than ALU operations, and dominates the required power. Previously proposed 'Deep Compression' makes it possible to fit large DNNs (AlexNet and VGGNet) fully in on-chip SRAM. This compression is achieved by pruning the redundant connections and having multiple connections share the same weight. We propose an energy efficient inference engine (EIE) that performs inference on this compressed network model and accelerates the resulting sparse matrix-vector multiplication with weight sharing. Going from DRAM to SRAM gives EIE 120x energy saving, Exploiting sparsity saves 10x, Weight sharing gives 8x, Skipping zero activations from ReLU saves another 3x. Evaluated on nine DNN benchmarks, EIE is 189x and 13x faster when compared to CPU and GPU implementations of the same DNN without compression. EIE has a processing power of 102 GOPS working directly on a compressed network, corresponding to 3 TOPS on an uncompressed network, and processes FC layers of AlexNet at 1.88x104 frames/sec with a power dissipation of only 600mW. It is 24,000x and 3,400x more energy efficient than a CPU and GPU respectively. Compared with DaDianNao, EIE has 2.9x, 19x and 3x better throughput, energy efficiency and area efficiency.
Chasing Behavior and Optomotor Following in Free-Flying Male Blowflies: Flight Performance and Interactions of the Underlying Control Systems

The chasing behavior of male blowflies after small targets belongs to the most rapid and virtuosic visually guided behaviors found in nature. Since in a structured environment any turn towards a target inevitably leads to a displacement of the entire retinal image in the opposite direction, it might evoke optomotor following responses counteracting the turn. To analyze potential interactions between the control systems underlying chasing behavior and optomotor following, respectively, we performed behavioral experiments on male blowflies and examined the characteristics of the two flight control systems in isolation and in combination. Three findings are particularly striking. (i) The characteristic saccadic flight and gaze style – a distinctive feature of blowfly cruising flights – is largely abandoned when the entire visual surroundings move around the fly; in this case flies tend to follow the moving pattern in a relatively continuous and smooth way. (ii) When male flies engage in following a small target, they also employ a smooth pursuit strategy. (iii) Although blowflies are reluctant to fly at high background velocities, the performance and dynamical characteristics of the chasing system are not much affected when the background moves in either the same or in the opposite direction as the target. Hence, the optomotor following response is largely suppressed by the chasing system and does not much impair chasing performance.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Detection and Evaluation by Tissue Doppler Imaging

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: NONE DECLARED The aim of the study was detection of diastolic dysfunction of myocardium with Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, in five years duration of disease, and normal cardiac function on conventional echocardiography (CE), according to the performance showed on exercise stress test. Material and Methods We studied 300 patients, of them 150 patients with non-obese, normotensive, uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, in five years duration of disease and 150 healthy control subjects. Of all patients, 100 with type 2 diabetes, and 100 patients from the control group underwent exercise test on a treadmill. All participants underwent both CE and TDI echocardiography. With TDI, lateral E’ peak velocity, atrial velocity (A’), their ratio (E’/A’) and systolic velocity (S’) were measured. Diastolic dysfunction was diagnosed by tissue Doppler imaging, and the following criterion was met: E’/A’ ratio <1. Cardiac function with CE was without significant features in the two groups. Results and Discussion Using TDI interrogation, diabetic subjects showed a lower E’ velocity (10,75±1,2 vs. 14±3 cm/s, p<0,001), an increased A’ velocity (10,65±1,8 vs. 11±3 cm/s, p<0,02), and a reduced E/A ratio (0,82±0,04 vs. 1,17±1,4, p<0,001), S (8.92±3,80 vs. 9,30±3.30 cm/sec); E/A (1,17±0.55, p<0,01). In diabetic patients, after the exercise stress test performance, the myocardial velocity increase is registered for wave E’=1,27 cm/sec (12,01%), for wave A’=1,7 cm/sec (15,9%), reduced ratio E’/A’ (0.89±0,1 cm/sec 9,0%) and S’=1,3 cm/sec (14,77%). Whereas, mean myocardial velocity values in examined control group after the exercise stress test were higher as follows: E’=2,7 cm/sec (19%), A’=2,1 cm/sec (14%), E’/A’=0,8 cm/sec (12%), and S’=2,7 cm/sec (18%). Myocardial diastolic dysfunction due to reduced exercise tolerance can be evidenced by TDI in type 2 diabetic subjects, even in the presence of a normal cardiac function with CE and symptom free diabetic patients in rest. Therefore, our findings could justify the use of Tissue Doppler imaging for diastolic function assessment in diabetics with otherwise non significant features on CE.
The Impact of Customer Satisfaction on Online Purchasing: A Case Study Analysis in Thailand

E-commerce is gaining importance in Thailand. Shoppers have realized the benefits of online purchasing over purchasing from Brick and Mortars. Numerous researches have focused on descriptive research on customer satisfaction and purchase intentions on online purchasing but little or no knowledge regarding factors that are most influential in motivating online purchase intention in Thailand. This research utilizes a quantitative method to test the conceptual framework of customer satisfaction that leads to online purchase intentions for all online users, experienced online purchasers and inexperienced online purchasers. The results of this research will increase researcher’s comprehension on difference in factors that influence online purchase intentions of experience and inexperienced online purchasers.
Herschel-ATLAS: far-infrared properties of radio-selected galaxies

We use the Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (ATLAS) science demonstration data to investigate the star formation properties of radio-selected galaxies in the GAMA-9h field as a function of radio luminosity and redshift. Radio selection at the lowest radio luminosities, as expected, selects mostly starburst galaxies. At higher radio luminosities, where the population is dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGN), we find that some individual objects are associated with high far-infrared luminosities. However, the far-infrared properties of the radio-loud population are statistically indistinguishable from those of a comparison population of radio-quiet galaxies matched in redshift and K-band absolute magnitude. There is thus no evidence that the host galaxies of these largely low-luminosity (Fanaroff-Riley class I), and presumably low-excitation, AGN, as a population, have particularly unusual star formation histories. Models in which the AGN activity in higher luminosity, high-excitation radio galaxies is triggered by major mergers would predict a luminosity-dependent effect that is not seen in our data (which only span a limited range in radio luminosity) but which may well be detectable with the full Herschel-ATLAS data set.
Nurse led follow up and conventional medical follow up in management of patients with lung cancer: randomised trial

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of nurse led follow up in the management of patients with lung cancer. Design:Randomised controlled trial. Setting:Specialist cancer hospital and three cancer units in southeastern England Participants: 203 patients with lung cancer who had completed their initial treatment and were expected to survive for at least 3 months. Intervention: Nurse led follow up of outpatients compared with conventional medical follow up. Outcome measures: Quality of life, patients' satisfaction, general practitioners' satisfaction, survival, symptom-free survival, progression-free survival, use of resources, and comparison of costs. Results: Patient acceptability of nurse led follow up was high: 75% (203/271) of eligible patients consented to participate. Patients who received the intervention had less severe dyspnoea at 3 months (P=0.03) and had better scores for emotional functioning (P=0.03) and less peripheral neuropathy (P=0.05) at 12 months. Intervention group patients scored significantly better in most satisfaction subscales at 3, 6, and 12 months (P<0.01 for all subscales at 3 months). No significant differences in general practitioners' overall satisfaction were seen between the two groups. No differences were seen in survival or rates of objective progression, although nurses recorded progression of symptoms sooner than doctors (P=0.01). Intervention patients were more likely to die at home rather than in a hospital or hospice (P=0.04), attended fewer consultations with a hospital doctor during the first 3 months (P=0.004), had fewer radiographs during the first 6 months (P=0.04), and had more radiotherapy within the first 3 months (P=0.01). No other differences were seen between the two groups in terms of the use of resources. Conclusion: Nurse led follow up was acceptable to lung cancer patients and general practitioners and led to positive outcomes.
Distinct sets of PIWI proteins produce arbovirus and transposon-derived piRNAs in Aedes aegypti mosquito cells

The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway is essential for transposon silencing in many model organisms. Its remarkable efficiency relies on a sophisticated amplification mechanism known as the ping-pong loop. In Alphavirus-infected Aedes mosquitoes, piRNAs with sequence features that suggest ping-pong-dependent biogenesis are produced from viral RNA. The PIWI family in Aedes mosquitoes is expanded when compared to other model organisms, raising the possibility that individual PIWI proteins have functionally diversified in these insects. Here, we show that Piwi5 and Ago3, but none of the other PIWI family members, are essential for piRNA biogenesis from Sindbis virus RNA in infected Aedes aegypti cells. In contrast, the production of piRNAs from transposons relies on a more versatile set of PIWI proteins, some of which do not contribute to viral piRNA biogenesis. These results indicate that functional specialization allows distinct mosquito PIWI proteins to process RNA from different endogenous and exogenous sources.