Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
American Journal of Epidemiology Original Contribution Dietary Acrylamide Intake and the Risk of Head-neck and Thyroid Cancers: Results from the Netherlands Cohort Study

Acrylamide exposure has been related to an increased incidence of oral and thyroid tumors in animal studies. In 1986, 120,852 persons (aged 55–69 years) were included in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Dietary acrylamide intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and was based on chemical analysis of all relevant Dutch foods. Hazard ratios were adjusted for smoking and other confounders. After 16.3 years of follow-up, there were 101, 83, 180, and 66 cases of oral cavity, oro-hypopharynx, larynx, and thyroid cancer, respectively. Average daily dietary acrylamide intake was 21.8 lg (standard deviation, 12.1). Dietary acrylamide intake was not associated with increased risk of oral cavity (hazard ratio (HR) per 10-lg intake/day ¼ 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): For nonsmokers, hazard ratios were not increased either. Dietary acryl-amide was statistically significantly associated with increased risk of oral cavity cancer in female nonsmokers, but case numbers were small. Dietary acrylamide intake was not positively associated with risk of head-neck and thyroid cancer, except with oral cavity cancer risk for female nonsmokers. A negative association for males was indicated. Acrylamide is classified as a probable human carcinogen based on animal studies and mechanistic insights (1). Studies of rodents have shown positive dose-response associations between acrylamide exposure and cancer in multiple organs and tissues, among which were the mammary gland, skin, lungs, oral tissues, and thyroid gland (2–5). Acrylamide was administered through gastric intubation, intraperitoneal injection, and dermal application (2, 3) or the drinking water (4, 5) to the animals at high doses. The discovery in 2002 that acrylamide is present in many foods, such as french fries and potato crisps, therefore gave rise to substantial concern (6). In occupational studies, no association was observed between exposure to acrylamide and risk of head-neck cancer (7, 8). The incidence of thyroid cancer was increased, but the number of cases was small. Exposure to dietary acryl-amide and the risk of cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx has been investigated in a hospital-based case-control study, and no association was observed (9). Recently, 3 prospective epidemiologic studies demonstrated a positive association between dietary acrylamide exposure and risk of cancer. Positive associations were observed for endometrial, ovarian (10), and renal cell (11) cancer and for postmenopausal estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer (12). Because the acrylamide molecule is small and hydrophilic, it reaches every organ and virtually every tissue in the body (13, 14). For this reason, theoretically all …
Large-scale influences in near-wall turbulence

Hot-wire data acquired in a high Reynolds number facility are used to illustrate the need for adequate scale separation when considering the coherent structure in wall-bounded turbulence. It is found that a large-scale motion in the log region becomes increasingly comparable in energy to the near-wall cycle as the Reynolds number increases. Through decomposition of fluctuating velocity signals, it is shown that this large-scale motion has a distinct modulating influence on the small-scale energy (akin to amplitude modulation). Reassessment of DNS data, in light of these results, shows similar trends, with the rate and intensity of production due to the near-wall cycle subject to a modulating influence from the largest-scale motions.
Interferon-γ switches monocyte differentiation from dendritic cells to macrophages

Human monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages according to the nature of environmental signals. Monocytes stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin 4 (IL-4) yield DCs. We tested here whether interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a potent activator of macrophages, may modulate monocyte differentiation. Addition of IFN-γ to IL-4 plus GM-CSF–stimulated monocytes switches their differentiation from DCs to CD14−CD64+ macrophages. IFN-γ increases macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-6 production by IL-4 plus GM-CSF–stimulated monocytes by acting at the transcriptional level and acts together with IL-4 to up-regulate M-CSF but not IL-6 production. IFN-γ also increases M-CSF receptor internalization. Results from neutralizing experiments show that both M-CSF and IL-6 are involved in the ability of IFN-γ to skew monocyte differentiation from DCs to macrophages. Finally, this effect of IFN-γ is limited to early stages of differentiation. When added to immature DCs, IFN-γ up-regulates IL-6 but not M-CSF production and does not convert them to macrophages, even in the presence of exogenous M-CSF. In conclusion, IFN-γ shifts monocyte differentiation to macrophages rather than DCs through autocrine M-CSF and IL-6 production. These data show that IFN-γ controls the differentiation of antigen-presenting cells and thereby reveals a new mechanism by which IFN-γ orchestrates the outcome of specific immune responses.
METABOLISM DURING EMBRYONIC AND METAMORPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF INSECTS

1. For species of insects that deposit their eggs on foliage, as Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Crioceris asparagi, and Anasa tristis, the rates of metabolism as measured by the CO(2) output or the oxygen intake indicate, during embryonic development, a short formative period, followed by a very active extended growth. Those species that deposit their eggs in the soil, as Cotinis nitida and Popillia japonica, show that the formative period is greatly extended and the growth period similarly lengthened. 2. It has been shown from metabolism experiments that intensive histolysis occurs during the prepupal period and becomes less intensive during pupal development. 3. Metabolism experiments show a greater amount of energy change during embryonic development as compared to the energy developed during metamorphosis. This is shown by the greater CO(2) output and by the oxygen intake. 4. Low respiratory quotients, varying from 0.42 to 0.71, have been obtained during the embryonic and pupal development of insects, resembling similar low quotients obtained with hibernating forms. 5. Changes from a neutral to an acid reaction (pH 6.8 to 5.9) have been observed to take place in some species during prepupal and early pupal development. As metamorphosis is completed a converse change occurs (pH 5.9 to 6.8). Changes in pH from an acid to neutral reaction were also observed to take place in some species, as Cotinis nitida and Hylemyia cilicrura, during embryonic development.
Pain Sensitivity and Analgesic Effects of Mindful States in Zen Meditators: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To investigate pain perception and the potential analgesic effects of mindful states in experienced Zen meditators. Methods: Highly trained Zen meditators (n = 13; >1000 hours of practice) and age/gender-matched control volunteers (n = 13) received individually adjusted thermal stimuli to elicit moderate pain on the calf. Conditions included: a) baseline-1: no task; b) concentration: attend exclusively to the calf; c) mindfulness: attend to the calf and observe, moment to moment, in a nonjudgmental manner; and d) baseline-2: no task. Results: Meditators required significantly higher temperatures to elicit moderate pain (meditators: 49.9°C; controls: 48.2°C; p = .01). While attending “mindfully,” meditators reported decreases in pain intensity whereas control subjects showed no change from baseline. The concentration condition resulted in increased pain intensity for controls but not for meditators. Changes in pain unpleasantness generally paralleled those found in pain intensity. In meditators, pain modulation correlated with slowing of the respiratory rate and with greater meditation experience. Covariance analyses indicated that mindfulness-related changes could be partially explained by changes in respiratory rates. Finally, the meditators reported higher tendencies to observe and be nonreactive of their own experience as measured on the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire; these factors correlated with individual differences in respiration. Conclusions: These results indicated that Zen meditators have lower pain sensitivity and experience analgesic effects during mindful states. Results may reflect cognitive/self-regulatory skills related to the concept of mindfulness and/or altered respiratory patterns. Prospective studies investigating the effects of meditative training and respiration on pain regulation are warranted. ECG = electrocardiogram; HF = high frequency; HRV = heart rate variability; LF = low frequency; LF/HF = low/high frequency ratio; FFMQ = Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire; MBSR = Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction; VAS = Visual Analogue Scale.
Disruption of Dorsolateral But Not Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Improves Unconscious Perceptual Memories

Attentive encoding often leads to more accurate responses in recognition memory tests. However, previous studies have described conditions under which taxing explicit memory resources by attentional distraction improved perceptual recognition memory without awareness. These findings lead to the hypothesis that explicit memory processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) can interfere with memory processes necessary for implicit recognition memory. The present study directly tested this hypothesis by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation separately over either dorsolateral (DLPFC) or ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) in humans before performance of a visual memory task. Disruption of DLPFC function led to improvement in recognition accuracy only in responses in which the participant's awareness of memory retrieval was absent. However, disruption of VLPFC function led to subtle shifts in recollection and familiarity accuracy. We conclude that explicit memory processes mediated by the DLPFC can indirectly interfere with implicit recognition memory.
Influence of Adiposity and Physical Activity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Children: The Lifestyle of Our Kids Study

Abstract—Childhood obesity is increasingly prevalent in the community and is related to adverse cardiovascular outcomes during adulthood. In this study of healthy children, we evaluated the influence of adiposity and physical activity on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness and a marker of cardiovascular risk in adults. In 573 community-based children (mean age: 10.1±0.3 years; 51% boys), we measured body mass index and waist circumference. Percentage body fat was quantitated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity levels were assessed using a 20-m shuttle run and 7-day pedometer count, respectively. PWV was estimated by applanation tonometry. In univariate analysis, PWV was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.34), waist circumference (r=0.32), and percentage body fat (r=0.32; P<0.001 for all) and negatively correlated with CRF (r=−0.23; P<0.001) and pedometer count (r=−0.08; P=0.046). In separate multivariable linear regression models, body mass index, waist circumference, and percentage of body fat were independently and positively associated with PWV (P<0.01 for all) after adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and CRF (P<0.01 for all). The influence of CRF on PWV was attenuated after adjusting for adiposity. In conclusion, increased body mass and adiposity and decreased CRF are associated with arterial stiffening in healthy prepubescent children.
Compact Vital Signal Sensor Using Oscillation Frequency Deviation

In this paper, a compact vital signal sensing method using oscillation frequency deviation at 2.4-GHz industrial-scientific-medical band is proposed to detect vital signals, such as heartbeat and respiration signal. The oscillation circuit of the proposed vital sensor system has been realized by a planar resonator, which functions as a positive feedback element, as well as a near-field radiator to sense vital signals, simultaneously. The periodic movement of a body by respiration exercise causes the impedance variation of the radiator within the near-field range. The impedance variation results in a corresponding change in the oscillation frequency, and this variation has been utilized for sensing of the vital signals. In addition, a surface acoustic wave filter and power detector have been used to increase the sensitivity of the system and to transform the frequency variation to voltage waveform. The experimental results show that the proposed vital sensor placed 20 mm from the body can detect the heartbeat waveform very accurately.
Performance of Correspondence Algorithms in Vision-Based Driver Assistance using EISATS

The report discusses options for testing correspondence algorithms in stereo or motion analysis, designed or considered for vision-based driver assistance. It introduces a globally available database, with a main focus on testing on video sequences of real-world data. The authors suggest the classification of recorded video data into situations, defined by a co-occurrence of some events in recorded traffic scenes. About 100 to 400 stereo frames (or 4 to 16 seconds of recording) are considered to be a basic sequence, to be identified with one particular situation. Future testing is expected to be on data that is reporting on hours of driving; multiple hours long video data may be segmented into basic sequences, and classified into situations. The report prepares for this expected development.
PENGARUH E-WOM DI INSTAGRAM TERHADAP MINAT BERKUNJUNG DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG (Survei pada Pengunjung Hawai Waterpark Malang)

The research discussed The Influence Electronic Word of Mouth in Instagram on Visit Intention and Visit Decision. The location of this research was Hawai Waterpark Malang and the sample was 120 visitors who had visited Hawai Waterpark after received information in Instagram . This research used explanatory research. Purposive sampling was the technique sampling used in this research. Questionnaire used for data collecting method. Data analysis of this research used decriptive and path analysis. Based on the result of this research, it was recommended for Hawai Waterpark to gived more intention the important of e-wom for marketing and information. Beside, Hawai waterpark should increase quantity of the facilities given to make feel comfortable for the visitor. Furthermore, for the reviewer who had experienced to visited Hawai waterpark, to had open mind and give access for other people who want more information about Hawai Waterpark. Keywords: Electronic Word of Mouth, Visit Intention, Visit Decision ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas Pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth terhadap Minat Berkunjung dan Dampaknya pada Keputusan Berkunjung. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Hawai Waterpark Malang dengan sampel sebanyak 120 pengunjung yang memutuskan berkunjung setelah menerima informasi di Instagram . Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian penjelasan. Purposive sampling merupakan teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Kuesioner digunakan untuk metode pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian ini maka disarankan kepada pihak pengelola Hawai Waterpark untuk memberi perhatian khusus akan pentingnya peran e-WOM bagi pemasaran dan pemberian informasi. Selain itu juga diperlukan adanya peningkatan kuantitas fasilitas untuk dapat lebih memberi kenyamanan pada pengunjung. Lebih jauh kepada pemberi informasi (reviewer) yaitu pengunjung yang telah berpengalaman untuk lebih terbuka dan memudahkan akses orang lain yang ingin mengetahui informasi tentang Hawai Waterpark. Kata Kunci: Electronic Word of Mouth , Minat Berkunjung, Keputusan Berkunjung
Narrative Transportation and Paratextual Features of Social Media in Viral Advertising

This study establishes that the experience of narrative transportation has a positive influence on viral advertising. The relative strength of this relationship, however, depends on several boundary conditions associated with the paratextual features of social networking service (SNS) environments. Specifically, it is stronger if the senders and intended receivers have personal ties. Moreover, the influence of narrative transportation is negatively moderated by advertising disclosure that elicits persuasion knowledge. Finally, the negative effect of persuasion knowledge is reduced if the ad appears with a higher number of “likes,” which increases social proof for viral ads. Implications regarding viral advertising and social media behaviors are discussed.
Long-Term Effects of AposTherapy in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Two-Year Followup

Several biomechanics treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA) have emerged with the goal of reducing pain and improving function. Through this, researchers have hoped to achieve a transition from the pathological gait patterns to coordinated motor responses. The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term effects of a therapy using a biomechanical device in patients with knee OA. Patients with knee OA were enrolled to active and control groups. The biomechanical device used in therapy (AposTherapy) was individually calibrated to each patient in the active group. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. Outcomes were the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Aggregated Locomotor Function (ALF), Short Form 36 (SF-36), and Knee Society Score assessments. The active and control groups were similar at the baseline (group difference in all scores P > 0.05). The active group showed a larger improvement over time between groups in all three WOMAC categories (F = 16.8, 21.7, and 18.1 for pain, stiffness, and function; all P < 0.001), SF-36 Physical Scale (F = 5.8; P = 0.02), Knee Society Knee Score (F = 4.3; P = 0.044 ), and Knee Society Function Score (F = 6.5; P = 0.014 ). At the two-year endpoint, the active group showed significantly better results (all P ≤ 0.001). The groups showed a difference of 4.9, 5.6, and 4.7 for the WOMAC pain, stiffness, and function scores, respectively, 10.8 s in ALF score, 30.5 in SF-36 Physical Scale, 16.9 in SF-36 Mental Scale, 17.8 in Knee Society Knee Score, and 25.2 in Knee Society Function Score. The biomechanical therapy examined was shown to significantly reduce pain and improve function and quality of life of patients with knee OA over the long term.
Depression in Teenager Pregnant Women in a Public Hospital in a Northern Mexican City: Prevalence and Correlates

Background Very little is known about prenatal depression in teenagers in Mexico. We determined the prevalence and correlates of prenatal depression in teenager women attending a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study to assess depression in 181 teenager pregnant women who attended a public hospital for prenatal care. We used a validated Mexican version of the Edinburg postnatal depression scale (EPDS) to screen depression. Women with EPDS scores suggestive of depression were further examined to confirm depression by a psychiatric evaluation using the DSM-IV criteria. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the prevalence association with socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics of the pregnant women. Results Of the 181 teenager pregnant women studied, 61 (33.7%) had EPDS equal to or higher than 8 (range 8 - 23), and 37 of them were confirmed to have prenatal depression by the psychiatric evaluation. The general prevalence of prenatal depression in the teenager pregnant women studied was 20.4%. Of the 37 women with depression, 34 suffered from minor depression and three suffered from major depression. Thus, the prevalence of minor and major depression in the women studied was 18.8% and 1.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis of the socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics of the teenager pregnant women showed that prenatal depression was associated with a previous episode of depression during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) = 6.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.68 - 22.30; P = 0.006), and borderline associations with big fetal size (OR = 9.9; 95% CI: 0.94 - 104.24; P = 0.05) and family problems (OR = 3.83; 95% CI: 0.99 - 14.84; P = 0.05). Conclusions Results demonstrate that prenatal depression is common in pregnant teenagers in Durango City, Mexico. The history of an episode of depression during pregnancy should alert physicians for further depression episodes during pregnancy in teenagers. Further research to elucidate the association of prenatal depression with size of the fetus and family problems in pregnant teenagers is needed.
A systematic review of interrater reliability of pressure ulcer classification systems.

AIMS To review systematically the interrater reliability of pressure ulcer classification systems to find out which classification should be used in daily practice. BACKGROUND Pressure ulcer classification systems are important tools in research and practice. They aim at providing accurate and precise communication, documentation and treatment decisions. Pressure ulcer classifications are criticised for their low degree of interrater reliability. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS The data bases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the World Wide Web were searched. Original research studies estimating interrater reliability of pressure ulcer classification systems were included. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers. RESULTS Twenty-four out of 339 potentially relevant studies were included in the final data synthesis. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies a meaningful comparison was impossible. CONCLUSIONS There is at present not enough evidence to recommend a specific pressure ulcer classification system for use in daily practice. Interrater reliability studies are required, in which comparable raters apply different pressure ulcer classification systems to comparable samples. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE It is necessary to determine the interrater reliability of pressure ulcer classifications among all users in clinical practice. If interrater reliability is low the use of those systems is questionable. On the basis of this review there are no recommendations as to which system is to be given preference.