Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless digital control of continuous passive plants over token ring networks

In a recent paper we have shown how wave variables can be used to interconnect passive plants with passive controllers such that the system remains l2‐stable in spite of time‐varying delays and data dropouts. The present paper further enhances these results by providing a detailed model that captures time‐varying delays, data dropouts and network capacity for wireless ring token networks. It also provides a new theorem showing how an asynchronous controller can be implemented, which maintains an l2‐stable system. Simulations show that the asynchronous control of a passive motor reduces the overall distortion when compared with a synchronous controller which relies on lossy data reduction techniques. These two distinct results pave the way to study high‐performance rate‐adaptive control schemes that minimize their control rate in order to match the network capacity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The socio-emotional basis of human interaction and communication: How we construct our social world

A review of dimensional research about (the perception of) feelings, non-verbal and verbal communication, behavior and personality reveals in each domain three very similar dimensions. They originated from diverse research areas, often received different names and are conceptually not identical. Yet, the first dimension seems to share in all five areas a general positive versus negative evaluation (e.g. happiness–disgust or friendliness–hostility), the second a strong versus weak characterization (e.g. anger–fear or dominance–submission) and the third dimension an active versus passive impression (e.g. ecstasy–boredom or high–low arousability). These three dimensions are likely to function as fundamental dimensions of interaction and communication as perceived and enacted by humans of all (investigated) cultures. They are interpreted as a universal socio-emotional space that corresponds to an evolutionary need for coordination between individuals. They are implied in the logic of game, exchange or interdependence theory, and manifest themselves in the cultural meanings predicted by affect control theory. The presented overview and reconstruction combines the largely fragmented views of several diverse research domains into a perspective that fosters interdisciplinary understanding and integrative theory-building about human sociality within and between the social sciences with extensions into the natural sciences and humanities.
Collusion, Fluctuating Demand, and Price Rigidity

We study an infinitely repeated Bertrand game in which an i.i. d. demand shock occurs in each period. Each firm receives a private signal about the demand shock at the beginning of each period. At the end of each period, all information but the private signals becomes public. We consider the optimal symmetric perfect public equilibrium (SPPE) mainly for patient firms. We show that price rigidity arises in the optimal SPPE if the accuracy of the private signals is low. We also study the implications of more firms and firms' impatience on collusive pricing.
Inhibition of activator protein 1 activity by paclitaxel suppresses interleukin-1-induced collagenase and stromelysin expression by bovine chondrocytes.

OBJECTIVE Cytokine-induced collagenase 1 (matrix metalloproteinase 1 [MMP-1]) and stromelysin 1 (MMP-3) expression is dependent on activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation and have a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of arthritic diseases by degrading connective tissues. This study evaluates the effect of paclitaxel on AP-1 activation and examines its effect on the expression of 2 major matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-1 and MMP-3, and its effect on AP-1 activation. METHODS MMP-1, MMP-3, c-fos, and c-jun messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were measured in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced primary chondrocytes in the presence and absence of paclitaxel. The effect of paclitaxel on AP-1 promoter activity was studied by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays in IL-1-stimulated chondrocytes. The same conditions were applied to studies of the effect of paclitaxel on binding at the AP-1 site by gel-shift mobility assays. The cytotoxicity effect of paclitaxel on chondrocytes was studied by examining cell viability and expression of the matrix molecules aggrecan and type II collagen. RESULTS IL-1-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA levels were markedly reduced in paclitaxel-treated chondrocytes. Further, IL-1-induced AP-1 activation and AP-1 binding were inhibited by paclitaxel. However, there was no effect on the expression of c-fos or c-jun mRNA levels. Chondrocyte viability was not affected by paclitaxel, and there was no effect on the expression of housekeeping genes or the major cartilage matrix molecules aggrecan and type II collagen. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that paclitaxel is a potent inhibitor of MMP-1 and MMP-3 synthesis through the AP-1 site. However, inhibition of AP-1 activity by paclitaxel does not affect the viability of chondrocytes or the expression of matrix molecules.
The Scale Politics of Spaliality

The scale politics of spaliality In a recent paper, Dorccn Massey (1992) expressed some concerns about the way critical theorists have recently engaged with, and appropriated, spatial concepts. She felt that the kind of spatial grammar emerging in critical theory is more about fixity, inertia, and stasis than it is about the dynamic qualities of space and human spatial relations. Instead of replacing the rigid categories of historicism and modernism, recent attempts to reassert space in critical theory seem merely to have generated a parallel set of problematical spatial ideas and metaphor. Massey proposed that critical theory move towards an integrative approach to spatiality that is firmly rooted in social and material activity: "It is not the 'slice through time' that should be the dominant thought but the simultaneous coexistence of social relations that cannot be conceptualized as other than dynamic . space is by its nature full of power and symbolism, a complex web of relations of domination and subordination . a kind of 'power-geometry'" (pages 80-81). If an integrative approach to spatiality is overdue in critical theory, the same can be argued for a theory of scale in human geography. The issue, if not a full-blown theory, of scale has lurked behind recent debates in geography, and on a few occasions it has been at the very center of discussion. One gets from these debates a sense of the importance of scale, but at the same time the overriding impression is that geographers arc lacking in concepts capable of capturing the various nuances of scale. As Neil Smith (1992) has recently argued, geographers often conflate different, yet interrelated, meanings of scale. Sometimes scale depicts a geography of difference in material landscapes. On other occasions, scale is a set of abstractions through which we make sense of social processes making and remaking these material landscapes. To complicate matters further, scale is often used metaphorically in the sense that scale differences are implicit but are not fundamental to the idea being presented. Anthony Giddens's 'regionalization' of human behavior and social interactions would fit this description because it can be applied to many time-space scales (1985, page 281). The use of spatial metaphor is a well-recognized practice in geography (Agnew, 1982; Barnes and Duncan, 1991); less so is scale metaphor. The language of scale is too powerful to be treated simply as a 'dimension' of spatiality. Nevertheless, if we are to accept Massey's arguments, any new approach to scale and difference must incorporate the politics of spatiality. I want to suggest that we can in fact talk of the scale politics of spatiality. I will discuss aspects of this politics in reference to the presentation of scale both in geography and in social life more generally.
The variability of accretion on to Schwarzschild black holes from turbulent magnetized discs

We use global magnetohydrodynamic simulations, in a pseudo-Newtonian potential, to investigate the temporal variability of accretion discs around Schwarzschild black holes. We use the vertically averaged magnetic stress in the simulated disc as a proxy for the rest-frame dissipation, and compute the observed emission by folding this through the transfer function describing the relativistic beaming, light bending and time delays near a non-rotating black hole. The temporal power spectrum of the predicted emission from individual annuli in the disc is described by a broken power law, with indices of -3.5 at high frequency and 0 to - 1 at low frequency. Integrated over the disc, the power spectrum is approximated by a single power law with an index of -2. Increasing inclination boosts the relative power at frequencies around 0.3f m s , where f m s is the orbital frequency at the marginally stable orbit, but no evidence is found for sharp quasi-periodic oscillations in the light curve. Assuming that fluorescent iron line emission locally tracks the continuum flux, we compute simulated broad iron line profiles. We find that relativistic beaming of the non-axisymmetric emission profile, induced by turbulence, produces high-amplitude variability in the iron line profile. We show that this substructure within the broad iron line profile can survive averaging over a number of orbital periods, and discuss the origin of the anomalous X-ray spectral features, recently reported by Turner et al. for the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516, in the context of turbulent disc models.
Subdural Electrode-Associated Complications: A 20-Year Experience

Background: Implantation of subdural strip and grid electrodes is a common methodology in the invasive evaluation of patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Although their implantation is safe, the occurrence of implantation-associated complications can occasionally be troublesome. Methods: In our current retrospective study, 185 patients undergoing subdural grid/strip implantation for invasive monitoring were examined. Their ages ranged between 16 and 48 years (mean 23.6). AdTech (Racine, Wisc., USA) strip and grid electrodes were implanted under general endotracheal anesthesia in all our cases. Duration of electroencephalographic monitoring ranged from 2 to 25 days (mean 10.8). The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 60 months (mean 44.6 months). Results: The most common complication in our series was the development of postoperative epidural hematoma in 3 patients (1.6%), while 2 patients (1.1%) suffered a subdural hematoma. Two patients (1.1%) developed significant brain edema postoperatively, 2 others (1.1%) developed an infection, while 2 patients (1.1%) experienced transient aphasia. Two patients (1.1%) had fatal outcomes in our series. Interestingly, in 5 patients (2.7%) nonhabitual seizures were recorded. Conclusion: Thorough understanding, early identification and prompt management of potential complications can minimize the risks associated with the implantation of subdural electrodes.
What the research tells us: Permanency planning, adoption and foster care

independent living at 16 or 18, they often gain little or inadequate assistance although this move generally occurs several years before their more advantaged peers move out of home. Their situation on leaving care highlights die overall situation for children and young people in care; although the inadequacy or abusiveness of the parenting that precipitated their entry into care renders them more in need of support and a secure, stable What the research tells us
Directional migration of neural crest cells in vivo is regulated by Syndecan-4/Rac1 and non-canonical Wnt signaling/RhoA

Directed cell migration is crucial for development, but most of our current knowledge is derived from in vitro studies. We analyzed how neural crest (NC) cells migrate in the direction of their target during embryonic development. We show that the proteoglycan Syndecan-4 (Syn4) is expressed in the migrating neural crest of Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. Loss-of-function studies using an antisense morpholino against syn4 show that this molecule is required for NC migration, but not for NC induction. Inhibition of Syn4 does not affect the velocity of cell migration, but significantly reduces the directional migration of NC cells. Furthermore, we show that Syn4 and PCP signaling control the directional migration of NC cells by regulating the direction in which the cell protrusions are generated during migration. Finally, we perform FRET analysis of Cdc42, Rac and RhoA in vitro and in vivo after interfering with Syn4 and PCP signaling. This is the first time that FRET analysis of small GTPases has been performed in vivo. Our results show that Syn4 inhibits Rac activity, whereas PCP signaling promotes RhoA activity. In addition, we show that RhoA inhibits Rac in NC cells. We present a model in which Syn4 and PCP control directional NC migration by, at least in part, regulating membrane protrusions through the regulation of small GTPase activities.
Woman, Culture and Society

Contents ROSALDO MICHELLE ZIMBALIST LAMPHERE LOUISE ROSALDO MICHELLE ZIMBALIST CHODOROW NANCY ORTNER SHERRY B. COLLIER JANE FISHBURNE LAMPHERE LOUISE STACK CAROL B. TANNER NANCY WOLF MARGERY HOFFER CAROL P. SANDAY PEGGY R. SACKS KAREN LEIS NANCY B. DENICH BETTE S. BAMBERGER JOAN PAUL LOIS O'LAUGHLIN BRIDGET
Impact of generalized social anxiety disorder in managed care.

OBJECTIVE The authors determined the costs associated with generalized social anxiety disorder in a managed care setting. METHOD A three-phase mail and telephone survey was conducted from July to October 1998 in two outpatient clinics of a large health maintenance organization (HMO). The survey assessed direct costs, indirect costs, health-related quality of life, and clinical severity associated with generalized social anxiety disorder, both alone and with comorbid psychopathology. RESULTS The weighted prevalence rate of current generalized social anxiety disorder was 8.2%. In the past year, only 0.5% of subjects with generalized social anxiety disorder had been accurately diagnosed. Yet 44.1% had a mental health specialty visit or had been prescribed an antidepressant, and psychiatric comorbidity was found in 43.6%. Noncomorbid generalized social anxiety disorder was associated with significantly lower health-related quality of life, work productivity, and earnings and greater utilization of health services; generalized social anxiety disorder with comorbid psychopathology was even more disabling. Suicide was attempted by 21.9% of subjects with noncomorbid generalized social anxiety disorder. Persons with average-severity generalized social anxiety disorder had probabilities of graduating from college that were 10 percentage points lower, earned wages that were 10% lower, and had probabilities of holding a technical, professional, or managerial job that were 14 percentage points lower than the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS In a community cohort of HMO members, generalized social anxiety disorder was rarely diagnosed or treated despite being highly prevalent and associated with significant direct and indirect costs, comorbid depression, and impairment.
Broad-spectrum antibodies against self-antigens and cytokines in RAG deficiency.

Patients with mutations of the recombination-activating genes ( RAG ) present with diverse clinical phenotypes, including severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), autoimmunity, and inflammation. However, the incidence and extent of immune dysregulation in RAG-dependent immunodeficiency have not been studied in detail. Here, we have demonstrated that patients with hypomorphic RAG mutations, especially those with delayed-onset combined immune deficiency and granulomatous/autoimmune manifestations (CID-G/AI), produce a broad spectrum of autoantibodies. Neutralizing anti–IFN-α or anti–IFN-ω antibodies were present at detectable levels in patients with CID-G/AI who had a history of severe viral infections. As this autoantibody profile is not observed in a wide range of other primary immunodeficiencies, we hypothesized that recurrent or chronic viral infections may precipitate or aggravate immune dysregulation in RAG-deficient hosts. We repeatedly challenged Rag1 S723C/S723C mice, which serve as a model of leaky SCID, with agonists of the virus-recognizing receptors TLR3/MDA5, TLR7/-8, and TLR9 and found that this treatment elicits autoantibody production. Altogether, our data demonstrate that immune dysregulation is an integral aspect of RAG-associated immunodeficiency and indicate that environmental triggers may modulate the phenotypic expression of autoimmune manifestations. clinical phenotypes. We demonstrate that patients with CID-G/AI in particular produce a broad spectrum of autoantibodies, including neutralizing anti– IFN- α or –IFN- ω antibodies, in association with a previous history of severe viral infections. Chronic engagement of TLR3/MDA5, TLR7/-8, and TLR9 precipitated the production of autoantibodies in a mouse model of LS caused by Rag1 mutations. We propose that viral triggers are important in promoting autoantibody production in patients and mice with partially impaired RAG activity and that anti-cytokine antibodies may serve as a biomarker of an underlying primary immune dysfunction in these patients.
PENGARUH SELF EFFICACY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASARDAERAH BINAAN IV KECAMATAN CILACAP SELATAN KABUPATEN CILACAP

Hasil belajar dipengaruhi oleh faktor intern dan ekstern. Selain itu, diyakini ada faktor lain yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar yakni self efficacy, yang diartikan sebagai keyakinan seseorang terhadap kemampuan yang dimilikinya. Keyakinan tersebut mendorong seseorang untuk mencapai keberhasilan dan mampu menghadapi kesulitan saat mengerjakan tugas. Namun, pentingnya self efficacy tidak dirasakan oleh siswa, seperti halnya pada siswa kelas V di SD Dabin IV Kecamatan Cilacap Selatan Kabupaten Cilacap. Sebelum mereka mengerjakan tugas, beberapa diantaranya beranggapan bahwa siswa yang pandai tentu selalu mendapatkan nilai bagus. Padahal, tingginya hasil belajar tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kepandaian seseorang, melainkan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain dimana jika faktor tersebut menghambat siswa, maka berpengaruh pada hasil belajar. Berdasarkan latar belakang, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) tingkat self efficacy siswa, (2) tingkat hasil belajar siswa, (3) pengaruh self efficacy terhadap hasil belajar siswa, dan (4) seberapa besar pengaruh self efficacy terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode expost facto dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian yaitu siswa kelas V SD Dabin IV Kecamatan Cilacap Selatan Kabupaten Cilacap berjumlah 406 siswa. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 202 siswa yang ditentukan denganteknik proporsional random sampling. Variabel penelitian meliputi self efficacy sebagai variabel bebas dan hasil belajar sebagai variabel terikat. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan skala, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Uji prasyarat analisis menunjukkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal dan linier sehingga teknik pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat self efficacy siswa sebesar 69,331246% termasuk dalam kategori sedang, (2) tingkat hasil belajar siswa sebesar 77,31 termasuk dalam kategori baik, (3) Nilai sig. sebesar 0,000. Oleh karena 0,000 < 0,05, maka H0 ditolak dan H a diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan self efficacy terhadap hasil belajar siswa, (4) koefisien determinasi (R 2 ) 0,296 menunjukkan bahwa persentase sumbangan pengaruh variabel bebas sebesar 29,6%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa 29,6% hasil belajar siswa dipengaruhi oleh self efficacy, sedangkan 70,4% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian. Mengacu pada hasil penelitian tersebut, hendaknya guru dan orang tua siswa senantiasa mendorong siswa agar mereka yakin pada kemampuan yang dimiliki agar bisa menghadapi tugas-tugas yang diberikan
Chiayiivirga flava gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Xanthomonadaceae isolated from an agricultural soil, and emended description of the genus Dokdonella.

A novel Gram-reaction-negative, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain CC-YHH031(T) was isolated from an agricultural soil collected at Chiayi County, Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CC-YHH031(T) formed a discrete monophyletic lineage in the family Xanthomonadaceae, sharing high pairwise sequence similarity of 93.5-95.2 and 94.8% with species of the genus Dokdonella (94.9% similarity to the type strain of the type species) and Aquimonas voraii GPTSA 20(T), respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CC-YHH031(T) was 68.6 ± 0.7 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. Spermidine was the principal polyamine, with minor amounts of putrescine. Major fatty acids (>5% of total fatty acids) were iso-C(16:00, iso-C(15:0), C(16:1)ω7c and/or C(16:1)ω6c (summed feature 3), iso-C(17:1)ω9c, iso-C(14:0), iso-C(11:0) and iso-C(11:0) 3-OH. The polar lipid profile of strain CC-YHH031(T) included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminophospholipids (APL1-2) and four unidentified phospholipids (PL1-4). Strain CC-YHH031(T) was distinguished particularly from the type species of the genus Dokdonella (Dokdonella koreensis) by the presence of major amounts of iso-C(14:0) and summed feature 3 and minor amounts of iso-C(17:0) and by the complete absence of anteiso-C(17:0), the presence of PL1-3 and APL1-2, the absence of APL3 and the presence of putrescine in the former. On the basis of distinguishing genotypic and phenotypic evidence, strain CC-YHH031(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species within the family Xanthomonadaceae, for which the name Chiayiivirga flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Chiayiivirga flava is CC-YHH031(T) ( =BCRC 80273(T) =DSM 24163(T)).
Tau-mediated Neurodegeneration and Potential Implications in Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Objective: To review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target for AD therapy. Data Sources: This review was based on a comprehensive search using online literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Study Selection: Literature search was based on the following keywords: Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, biomarker, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), therapeutics, plasma, imaging, propagation, spreading, seeding, prion, conformational templating, and posttranslational modification. Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type. Results: Amyloid plaques enriched with extracellular amyloid beta (A&bgr;) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks of AD. Although the A&bgr; hypothesis has dominated AD research for many years, clinical A&bgr;-targeting strategies have consistently failed to effectively treat AD or prevent AD onset. The research focus in AD has recently shifted to the role of tau in AD. In addition to phosphorylation, tau is acetylated and proteolytically cleaved, which also contribute to its physiological and pathological functions. Emerging evidence characterizing pathological tau propagation and spreading provides new avenues for research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis. Techniques to detect tau at minute levels in CSF and blood have been developed, and improved tracers have facilitated tau imaging in the brain. These advances have potential to accurately determine tau levels at early diagnostic stages in AD. Given that tau is a potential therapeutic target, anti-tau immunotherapy may potentially be a viable treatment strategy in AD intervention. Conclusion: Detecting changes in tau and targeting tau pathology represent a promising lead in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.