Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modulation of neuronal activity with extremely low-frequency magnetic fields: Insights from biophysical modeling

Time-varying magnetic stimulation of the central nervous system is nowadays a promising therapeutic approach already used to alleviate the symptoms in a variety of neurological disorders. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an example of a successful application involving specific patterns of magnetic field (MF) for therapeutic use, which provides clinical improvement in movement disorders or depression. Other neuromodulation strategies consist in proposing several orders of magnitude lower magnetic stimuli that are more flexible in terms of shape and frequency of the signal. However, the refinement of both of these techniques is limited due to the lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms supporting the interaction between the magnetic stimulus and brain tissue. To provide insights into the modulation of neuronal activity by extremely low-frequency (ELF) MF, we present biophysical modeling results regarding 1) single neuron exposure to an ELF MF, and 2) neuronal network exposure to an ELF MF. These results shed light on the effect of ELF MFs on neuronal activity from the single cell to the network level, and illustrate the importance of a number of factors both in ELF MF characteristics and brain tissue properties in determining the outcome of the exposure. These principles may guide future therapeutic developments.
Non-biased lineup instructions do matter – a problem for older witnesses

Abstract From the limited literature on older witnesses’ identification performance it is known that they are less accurate on lineups compared to younger witnesses. What is less certain is why they show this age deficit and what can be done to aid their performance. Witnesses forgot being given non-biased lineup instructions informing witnesses that the perpetrator may or may not be present. More older witnesses than younger witnesses forgot and witnesses who failed to report remembering these instructions were significantly less accurate on the lineups. In addition, the current study investigated the use of sequential lineup presentation and stringent decision criteria to aid the performance of older witnesses. Sequential presentation was beneficial to both younger and older adults when the lineup was target absent (TA) but was detrimental when the lineup was target present (TP). Stringent decision criteria had no significant beneficial effect. Future directions for aiding older witnesses’ performance are discussed.
Decrease in the airways' nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system in allergen sensitized rabbits

A decrease in the airways' nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory (NANC‐i) system is one of the mechanisms that may contribute to allergen‐induced changes in neural control within airways. We measured the airways' neurally mediated contractile and relaxant (NANC‐i) responses in tracheal segments and left mainstem bronchus (LMB) from normal (control), immune (ragweed sensitized), and immune challenged rabbits. Immune rabbits were sensitized to mixed ragweed extract through parenteral injections from birth, while the immune challenged group had an additional airway exposure to aerosolized ragweed 48 hours prior to the in vitro studies. Neurally mediated contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were increased in the immune challenged group, with the increase most significant in tracheal smooth muscle at a stimulation frequency of 20 Hz. To assess NANC‐i responses, airway smooth muscle (ASM) segments from these groups were placed in tissue baths containing atropine (10−6 M) and propranolol (5 × 10−6 M). After contraction of the tissue with neurokinin A (NKA, 10−5 M), the NANC‐i response to EFS at 20 Hz was measured and reported as the mean (± SEM) percent relaxation. No significant differences were seen in the contractile responses of ASM segments to NKA among the three groups. The tracheal segments showed a significantly different NANC‐i relaxation response among all groups: in the control group, 29.1 ± 3.7; in the immune group 15.8 ± 2.3%; and in the immune challenged group, 2.1 ± 4.2%. The LMB segments showed significantly different NANC‐i responses between the immune challenged group (M−3.4 ± 2.5%) and both the control (13.4 ± 5.7%) and immune group (9.5 ± 2.9%). This NANC‐i response was not diminished by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (10−4 M). We conclude the exposure to ragweed through the airways in rabbits with IgE to this allergen leads to an enhanced contractile response to EFS and a significant decrease in the airways' NANC‐i response when compared with normal or immune rabbit airways. In addition, a significant decrease in NANC‐i response occurs in tracheal segments from rabbits after parenteral ragweed immunization alone. This decrease in NANC‐i may be one mechanism contributing to the altered airway responsiveness associated with IgE immune states. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:296–303. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restless quiescence: thermonuclear flashes between transient X-ray outbursts

For thermonuclear flashes to occur on neutron-star surfaces, fuel must have been accreted from a donor star. However, sometimes flashes are seen from transient binary systems when they are thought to be in their quiescent phase, during which no accretion, or relatively little, is expected to occur. We investigate the accretion luminosity during several such flashes, including the first-ever and brightest detected flash from Cen X-4 in 1969. We infer from observations and theory that immediately prior to these flashes the accretion rate must have been between about 0.001 and 0.01 times the equivalent of the Eddington limit, which is roughly 2 orders of magnitude less than the peak accretion rates seen in these transients during an X-ray outburst and 3–4 orders of magnitude more than the lowest measured values in quiescence. Furthermore, three such flashes, including the one from Cen X-4, occurred within 2 to 7 days followed by an X-ray outburst. A long-term episode of enhanced, but low-level, accretion is predicted near the end of the quiescent phase by the disk-instability model, and may thus have provided the right conditions for these flashes to occur. We discuss the possibility of whether these flashes acted as triggers of the outbursts, signifying a dramatic increase in the accretion rate. Although it is difficult to rule out, we find it unlikely that the irradiance by these flashes is sufficient to change the state of the accretion disk in such a dramatic way.
Intrinsic Motivation: Relationships with Collegiate Athletes’ Gender, Scholarship Status, and Perceptions of Their Coaches’ Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among athletes’ intrinsic motivation (IM), gender, scholarship status, perceptions of the number of their teammates receiving scholarships, and perceptions of their coaches’ behavior. Male and female college athletes (N = 386) from a variety of Division I sports completed a series of paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Multivariate analyses revealed that (a) scholarship athletes reported higher levels of IM than did nonscholarship athletes, (b) male athletes reported higher IM than did female athletes, and (c) perceived coaching behaviors were related to athletes’ IM. Specifically, athletes with higher IM perceived their coaches to exhibit a leadership style that emphasized training and instruction and was high in democratic behavior and low in autocratic behavior. In addition, athletes with higher levels of IM perceived that their coaches provided high frequencies of positive and informationally based feedback and low frequencies of punishment-orien.
Development of Trust in Rural Nonprofit Collaborations

Development of trust among organization leaders and staff is important to the formation of successful organizational collaborations. Nonprofit leaders in two rural regions of southern Illinois and the Mississippi Delta demonstrate an awareness of the importance of trust among participants in the collaborations they engage in. Several environmental factors both encourage and constrain the ability of nonprofits in the two regions to form collaborations and build trust among partners. One of these, rural location, is largely considered a positive influence, making it easier for nonprofit leaders to get to know each other and work cooperatively. In addition, other factors such as race relations, government policies and mandates, nonprofit leadership, and organization financial and political resources have powerful effects on creation of collaborations and development of trust.
Liquidity Risk and Mutual Fund Performance

This paper demonstrates that the ability of fund managers to create value depends on market liquidity conditions, which in turn introduces a liquidity risk exposure (beta) for skilled managers. We document an annual liquidity beta performance spread of 4% in the cross section of mutual funds over the period 1983–2014. Liquidity risk premia explain an insubstantial fraction of this spread; instead, the spread can be attributed to the differential ability of high liquidity beta funds to outperform across high and low market liquidity states, due to a differential rate of either mispricing correction or intensity of informed trading. Tests based on mispricing, proxied by a comprehensive set of 68 anomalies, and tick-by-tick trades, from a large proprietary institutional trading data set, corroborate the contribution of these channels. The results highlight the interaction between informed investors, mispricing, and liquidity beta. The Internet appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017. 2851.
Effects of terrorism on attitudes and ideological orientation

A quasi-experimental study on the effects of terrorism on racial prejudice and ideological orientation is presented. Two independent samples were contacted before and after the Islamic terrorist attacks against railways in Madrid (11 March 2004). Anti-Arab and anti-Semite prejudices, authoritarianism and ideological orientations (liberal against conservative) were evaluated. Results showed that those terrorist attacks provoked changes in a reactionary and conservative direction: stronger prejudices not only against the target group (Arabs), but against another uninvolved group (Jewish); an increase in authoritarianism; stronger attachment to traditional conservative values, and a reduction in the attachment to liberal values. The results are interpreted in terms of the System-Justification Theory, the Motivated Social Cognition model of Conservatism and the Right-Wing Authoritarianism.
A Novel Binding Site in Collagen Type III for Integrins α1β1 and α2β1*

Previously identified high affinity integrin-binding motifs in collagens, GFOGER and GLOGER, are not present in type III collagen. Here, we first characterized the binding of recombinant I domains from integrins α1 and α2 (α1I and α2I) to fibrillar collagen types I-III and showed that each I domain bound to the three types of collagens with similar affinities. Using rotary shadowing followed by electron microscopy, we identified a high affinity binding region in human type III collagen recognized by α1I and α2I. Examination of the region revealed the presence of two sequences that contain the critical GER motif, GROGER and GAOGER. Collagen-like peptides containing these two motifs were synthesized, and their triple helical nature was confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Experiments show that the GROGER-containing peptide was able to bind both α1I and α2I with high affinity and effectively inhibit the binding of α1I and α2I to type III and I collagens, whereas the GAOGER-containing peptide was considerably less effective. Furthermore, the GROGER-containing peptide supported adhesion of human lung fibroblast cells when coated on a culture dish. Thus, we have identified a novel high affinity binding sequence for the collagen-binding integrin I domains.
Happiness

This cross-cultural study explored the perceptions of people about what can make a person happy. A total of 215 students answered one of three open-ended questions: from Canada, French-speakers (n = 57) and English-speakers (n = 54), from El Salvador (n = 42), and from the United States (n = 62). Content and correspondence analyses revealed that factors contributing to happiness were perceived similarly across the four groups. The most stated factors overall were the importance of family relationships, of pursuing and reaching valued goals, and of a positive attitude toward self. On the other hand, whereas the Salvadoran participants referred specifically to religious values and sociopolitical conditions, the North American samples referred more to hedonistic factors (enjoying activities and life's little pleasures) and personal sources of power on their happiness (positive attitude toward life, personal strengths). Cross-cultural differences are discussed in relation to collectivism and individualism.
California Older Adult Stroop Test (COAST)

Abstract An adaptation of the traditional Stroop test, the California Older Adult Stroop Test (COAST) (Pachana, Marcopulos, Yoash-Gantz & Thompson, 1995), has been developed specifically for use with a geriatric population, utilizing larger typeface, fewer items (50) per task, and more easily distinguished colors (red, yellow and green). Test-retest reliability and validity data are reviewed for both control and clinical populations. Increased error rates on the Stroop test compared to the COAST were found for the color and color/word interference tasks. These results are discussed in terms of changes in the visual system with increasing age. The implications for better test sensitivity with the COAST for older adult populations are discussed.
How much feedback is multi-user diversity really worth?

Wireless scheduling algorithms can extract multi-user diversity (MUDiv) via prioritizing the users with best current channel conditions. One drawback of MUDiv is the required feedback carrying the instantaneous channel rates from from all active subscribers to the access point/base station. This paper shows that this feedback load is, for the most part, unjustified. To alleviate this problem, we propose a technique allowing to dramatically reduce the feedback (by up to 90%) needs while preserving the essential of the scheme performance. We provide a theoretical analysis of the feedback load as function of the system's ergodic and outage capacity for both the traditional MUDiv scheme and the new scheme.
Problem Behavior of Boys and Young Men After Parental Divorce in the Netherlands

Abstract This article examines the effects of parental divorce on externalizing, internalizing, and relational problem behavior of boys and young men between 12 and 30 years of age in the Netherlands. We compare sons coming from divorced families both with sons from intact families and also with daughters. Compared to male youngsters coming from intact families, male youngsters from divorced families tend to have more externalizing problems, including risky habits. Young men, after a divorce, hardly differ either from young men coming from intact families or from young women with respect to internalizing problem behavior. Male children of divorced families enter into relationships at an early age and usually have greater sexual experience compared to male children coming from intact families. However, young men in general and also young men after parental divorce postpone marriage and fatherhood compared to young women.
Living Care-fully: Labor, Love and Suffering and the Geographies of Intergenerational Care in Northern Ghana

OF DISSERTATION LIVING CARE-FULLY: LABOR, LOVE AND SUFFERING AND THE GEOGRAPHIES OF INTERGENERATIONAL CARE IN NORTHERN GHANA Care is socially constructed, shaped by expectations embedded within particular relationships and the culturally-specific understandings of what it means to work, love and suffer. In this dissertation, I conceptualize care as a fundamental component of everyday life in which individuals are oriented towards the needs of others. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in a rural Konkomba community in northern Ghana, I explore the geographies of care shaping the everyday experiences of women engaged in intergenerational relationships as they encounter emerging dependencies associated with ageing. Dependencies emerge when an individual requires support and care from another, and in turn the struggles for, and the provision of this support has material and emotional implications for those involved. I make three primary contributions. First, I examine the potential for a feminist ethics of care within livelihoods approaches in order to destabilize notions of independence and material outcomes, arguing that livelihood strategies are characterized by interdependencies within families and communities. Second, I contribute to an understanding of the politics of care by considering women's mobility in the face of competing demands on their labor and resources. Despite responsibilities to provide a 'good death', women experience social and material hurdles to negotiate their mobility in order to provide end of life care to a parent. Third, I explore the embodied emotional experiences of elderly women as they experience dependencies and struggle to engage in material exchange and caring relationships. As a result of these emergence of dependencies, women's everyday lives are deeply shaped by experiences of love and suffering. In northern Ghana, as in other rural agrarian communities in developing regions, the elderly population is growing and a weak formal care infrastructure is ill-prepared to face the pressures of an ageing population. Through this dissertation, I highlight the complex geographies of care shaping everyday life experiences and contribute to an understanding of the particular issues faced by communities where intergenerational relationships are key to lives lived with care.
Learning Words in Space and Time

A major debate in the study of word learning centers on the extension of categories to new items. The rational approach assumes that learners make structured inferences about category membership, whereas the mechanistic approach emphasizes the attentional and memory processes that form the basis of generalization behaviors. Recent support for the rational view comes from observations of the suspicious-coincidence effect: People generalize category membership narrowly when presented with three subordinate-level exemplars that share the same label and generalize category membership broadly when presented with one exemplar. Across three experiments, we examined the mechanistic basis of this effect. Results showed that the presentation of multiple subordinate-level exemplars led to narrow generalization only when the exemplars were presented simultaneously, even when the number of exemplars was increased from three to six. These data demonstrate that the suspicious-coincidence effect is firmly grounded in the general cognitive processes of attention, memory, and visual comparison.
CMOS transconductor analysis for low temperature sensitivity based on ZTC MOSFET condition

The necessary conditions to design MOSFET transconductors with low temperature dependence are analysed and defined in this paper. Transconductors, or Gm circuits, are fundamental blocks used to implement adjustable filters, multipliers, controlled oscillators, amplifiers and a large variety of analog circuits. Temperature stability is a must in such applications, and herein we show a strategy that can be used to improve the temperature stability of these transconductors by biasing MOSFETs at transconductance zero-temperature condition (GZTC). This special bias condition is analysed using a MOSFET model which is continuous from weak to strong inversion, and it is proved that this condition always occurs from moderate to strong inversion operation in any CMOS fabrication process. Additionally, a few example circuits are proposed using this technique: a single-ended resistor emulator, an impedance inverter, a first order and a second order filter. These circuits were simulated in a 130 nm CMOS commercial process, resulting improved thermal stability in the main performance parameters, in the range from 27 to 53 ppm/°C.
Graduate Students' Training Experiences with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Issues

The doctoral training experiences of 69 counseling and 38 clinical psychology graduate students in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) issues prior to internship were examined. Descriptive statistics revealed that training in these issues was inadequate. A majority of respondents did not feel that their course work prepared them well to work with LGB clients. Less training was provided in bisexual issues than gay or lesbian issues. Comparisons between clinical and counseling respondents indicated that counseling programs had better records of training in LGB issues. Multiple regressions revealed several predictors of respondents' feelings of preparation to work with LGB clients, including formal training experiences, encouragement to explore heterosexist biases, modeling by trainers, and personal experiences and contacts. Results varied by target group (i.e., patterns of prediction differed for preparation to work with lesbian women, gay men, or bisexual people). Implications for training and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Learning Strategies and Emotional Regulation of Pedagogy Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the learning strategies and emotional regulation of 298 students of private and public university teacher formation courses of a city in Minas Gerais state. The study also examined the joint contribution of emotional regulation, age group and year of the course on the learning strategies scores of the participants. The participants were of both sexes, ranging from 18 to 54 years of age and enrolled in the first to the fourth year of two universities. Data was collected using two Likert type scales for university students: one for the evaluation of learning strategies and the other for the evaluation of emotional regulation strategies. Results showed a positive, significant, moderate correlation between learning strategies and emotional regulation strategies. Emotional regulation, age range and year of the course showed a joint association with learning strategies scores. Data is discussed in terms of its psychoeducational implications.
IDH1 mutations in a Brazilian series of Glioblastoma

GBM may manifest rapidly de novo(primary GBM), or may develop slowly from grade II orgrade III astrocytomas (secondary GBM), suggesting thatthey are distinct disease entities that evolve throughdifferent genetic pathways.In recent genome-wide analyses, high rates of sponta-neous mutations in the gene encoding cytosolic NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) have beenreported in diffuse gliomas including WHO grades II andIII astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages.