Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Science and Religious Education in a Devout University: The Case of Pain Overlap Theory and the Talmud

Abstract Educators employed in devoutly religious institutions often teach students who view even their secular higher education through a uniquely religious lens. Based on his own experiences teaching psychological science at a Jewish university, the author suggests enhancing student interest and enthusiasm by wedding secular curricula with religious education, where feasible. By way of illustration, the current article shows how a cutting edge area of brain research could be taught in the context of ancient and medieval Jewish sources. This example is especially appropriate, given the recent special interest among leaders in the field of religious education in the potential relationships between their own discipline and the field of neuroscience, as well as the fact that the literatures of the histories of neuroscience and related disciplines have long noted the relevance of Jewish religious sources.
Prefiguring and Refiguring Triangular Interpersonal Relationships: Commentary on Paper by Elisabeth Fivaz-Depeursinge, Chloé Lavanchy-Scaiola, and Nicolas Favez

The current paper involves a discussion of “The Young Infant's Triangular Communication in the Family: Access to Threesome Intersubjectivity? ” Conceptual considerations and case illustrations. The work of the Lausanne Group is reviewed with special reference to its relevance to psychoanalytic theory and practice. The ingenuity of the design of the play paradigm is cited, with its illumination of the role of the body and interactive events in the construction of inner experience. Challenges to psychoanalytic thinking are discussed with special reference to the Oedipus complex and its precursors. A major difference involves the Lausanne group's position that triangles are not inherently problematic. The author also addresses the question of intersubjectivity as a motivational system, taking issue with the group's position that it is.
Stylet‐ or forceps‐guided tube exchanger to facilitate GlideScope® intubation in simulated difficult intubations – a randomised controlled trial

The GlideScope® videolaryngoscope is widely used in the management of the difficult airway. However, passing the tracheal tube through the vocal cords can be awkward, and the use of a stylet to guide insertion is recommended. This randomised controlled trial evaluated a forceps‐guided tube exchanger as an alternative to the stylet to aid intubation with the GlideScope in patients undergoing anaesthesia, with a simulated difficult airway created by the application of a semi‐rigid cervical collar. Data were analysed from 178 patients randomly assigned to undergo intubation using either the stylet (n = 88) or a forceps‐guided tube exchanger (n = 90). All intubations were completed successfully, with first attempt rates of 93.2% using the stylet and 94.4% using the exchanger (p = 0.597). The mean (SD) intubation time was 67.8 (28.7) s in the stylet group and 66.1 (15.5) s in the forceps‐guided tube exchanger group (p = 0.11). The frequency of sore throat 1 h after extubation was 34.1% in the stylet group and 2.2% in the tube exchanger group (p < 0.001); 24 h after extubation the corresponding figures were 40.0% and 11.1% (p < 0.001). Using a forceps‐guided tube exchanger may offer an advantage over a stylet in guiding tracheal intubation when the GlideScope is used.
ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND OUTCOME IN SOCIAL WORK FIELD EDUCATION

For this study, 188 students from 4 social work programs completed a questionnaire about their motivation and performance in field practicum. Achievement motivation included task value, intrinsic motivation, perception of task difficulty, confidence, and self-efficacy. Students were more satisfied with field education and rated their social work skills higher if they valued what they learned in field (task value), took pleasure in field activities (intrinsic motivation) and had a greater sense of self-efficacy about field tasks. However, achievement motivation was unrelated to field instructor evaluation of student skills. Discussion includes suggestions for increasing student achievement motivation.
Partial discharge detection in medium voltage and high voltage cables: maximum distance for detection, length of cable, and some answers

Partial discharge (PD) measurement is becoming a common procedure in the commissioning and off-line diagnostic testing of cable systems. On-line PD cable monitoring is beginning to show growing interest as well. Arising from this is an important question being asked by testing companies, maintenance personnel, and asset managers: "What are the maximum lengths of high voltage (HV) and medium voltage (MV) cables that can be scanned with sufficient sensitivity for PD activity by present day PD detectors? " In other words, what is the maximum distance a PD measurement point can be from the PD source and still detect the PD. The answer can be complex, or not satisfactorily understood, being related to the measurement sensitivity, voltage level, type of insulation, and cable construction. Detection also depends on the bandwidth of the measurement circuit. The signal-to-noise ratio must be large enough to enable PD detection at a level compatible with the reliability of the cable, that is, terminating maintenance or commissioning diagnostic tests before cable breakdown. Indeed, the capability of detecting pulses with an apparent charge below 5 pC is a common requirement for HV polymeric cable systems [1], whereas a much lower sensitivity, i.e., 5 nC, for mass-impregnated cables is generally accepted. The meaning of such limits in cable systems is doubtful as PD measurements are most often done from the cable termination because localized sensors are often unavailable, and since not in close proximity to the source, a lumped-parameter network representing the cable network for picocoulomb calibration is invalid. In a cable system PD pulses travel on the conductor and metal sheath, and the cable is viewed as a distributed parameter network; thus, the PD quantity measured is typically volts or millivolts. As the PD pulses travel along the cable, they lose frequency content as a consequence of skin effect or ohmic loss at high frequencies, and semicon and insulation dielectric losses [2], [3].
Transport and use of common objects: Influence of weight on action planning

Internal knowledge and visual cues about object's weight play an important role in grasping and lifting objects. It has been shown that both visual cues and internal knowledge might influence movement kinematics and force production depending on action goal (use vs. transport). However, there is little evidence about weight's influence on action planning as reflected by initiation time. In the present study we investigated this issue. In Experiment 1, participants had to grasp light and heavy objects (without moving them) to either use or transport them. In Experiment 2 we asked another group of participants to actually use or transport the same objects. We observed that initiation times were faster for heavy objects than for light objects in both the transport and use tasks, but only in Experiment 2. Thus, weight influenced the planning of use and transport actions, only when the end-goal of the action was really achieved. These data are incompatible with the hypothesis that only use actions are supported by stored object's representations. They rather suggest that in some circumstances, depending of the end-goal of the action and the physical constraints the planning of both use and transport actions are based on stored object representation.
An explanation of the hard-easy effect in studies of realism of confidence in one's general knowledge

Abstract Recent ecological approaches to realism of confidence in general knowledge (Gigerenzer, Hoffrage & Kleinbolting, 1991; Juslin, in press) argue that people are well-calibrated to their natural environments. Both the overconfidence phenomenon and the hard-easy effect are explained as consequences of informal experimenter-guided selection of almanac items, selection that changes the validity of the cues used by the subjects for selection of answers to the items. The paper presents the ecological approach and reports an experiment showing that: (1) when the objects of judgement are selected randomly from a natural environment, people are well-calibrated; (2) when more and less difficult item samples are created by selecting items with more and less familiar contents, i.e. in a way that does not affect the validity of the cues, no hard-easy effect is observed, and people are well-calibrated both for hard and easy item samples. These results, predicted by the ecological approach, provide further suppor.
Material Analysis of Coated Siliconized Silicon Carbide (SiSiC) Honeycomb Structures for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

In the present work, thermochemical water splitting with siliconized silicon carbide (SiSiC) honeycombs coated with a zinc ferrite redox material was investigated. The small scale coated monoliths were tested in a laboratory test-rig and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with corresponding micro analysis after testing in order to characterize the changes in morphology and composition. Comparison of several treated monoliths revealed the formation of various reaction products such as SiO2, zircon (ZrSiO4), iron silicide (FeSi) and hercynite (FeAl2O4) indicating the occurrence of various side reactions between the different phases of the coating as well as between the coating and the SiSiC substrate. The investigations showed that the ferrite is mainly reduced through reaction with silicon (Si), which is present in the SiSiC matrix, and silicon carbide (SiC). These results led to the formulation of a new redox mechanism for this system in which Zn-ferrite is reduced through Si forming silicon dioxide (SiO2) and through SiC forming SiO2 and carbon monoxide. A decline of hydrogen production within the first 20 cycles is suggested to be due to the growth of a silicon dioxide and zircon layer which acts as a diffusion barrier for the reacting specie.
Circulatory and Metabolic Effects of Oxygen in Myocardial Infarction

The circulatory and metabolic effects of inhalation of oxygen in high concentration were investigated in 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac out-put, blood gas tensions, pH, and lactate and pyruvate levels were measured. In general, oxygen inhalation produced a fall in cardiac output and stroke volume and a rise in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. In a small number of patients with very low cardiac out-puts there was a rise in output. A substantial rise in arterial oxygen tension was obtained even in patients with low initial values. The raised arterial blood lactate levels which were frequently present were reduced after oxygen. The therapeutic implications of these effects are discussed.
Decreased calpain 6 expression is associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in HNSCC

Calpains are a family of intracellular cysteine proteases involved in various biological processes. Previously, the family was identified to have abnormal expression in several types of malignant tumor. Calpain 6 was less well known; however, it was recently identified to be involved in the carcinogenesis of certain types of malignant tumor. However, the expression of calpain 6 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. A total of six datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was analyzed and an association between calpain 6 expression levels and HNSCC was identified, with the expression of calpain 6 observed to be significantly decreased in HNSCC (P<0.01). However, the expression of calpain 6 may vary between distinct tumor stages of HNSCC. Furthermore, calpain 6 expression was positively associated with the survival rate in patients with HNSCC (P<0.05), with increased expression of calpain 6 associated with an improved survival outcome. Calpain 6 expression was analyzed using an HNSCC tissue microarray and these results were consistent with the statistical analysis of the bioinformatics data from the GEO, indicating that calpain 6 may be a tumor suppressor protein in HNSCC.
Cisplatin and Adriamycin Resistance Are Associated with MutLα and Mismatch Repair Deficiency in an Ovarian Tumor Cell Line*

In contrast to parental A2780 ovarian tumor cells, extracts of one doxorubicin-resistant and two independent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-resistant derivatives are defective in strand-specific mismatch repair. The repair defect of the three hypermutable, drug-resistant cell lines is only evident when the strand break that directs the reaction is located 3′ to the mismatch, and in each case repair is restored to extracts by addition of purified MutLα heterodimer. As judged by immunological assay, drug resistance is associated with the virtual absence of the MutLα MLH1 subunit and greatly reduced levels of the PMS2 subunit. These findings implicate a functional mismatch repair system in the cytotoxic effects of these antitumor drugs and may have ramifications for their clinical application.
The Two Faces of Adam: Ambivalent Sexism and Polarized Attitudes Toward Women

Two studies using Peter Glick and Susan Fiske's Ambivalent Sexism Inventory examined sexist men's attitudes toward women. The authors hypothesized that ambivalent sexist (as compared with nonsexist) men would habitually classify women into polarized subgroups (those they put on a "pedestal" and those they place in the "gutter"). Study 1 revealed that ambivalent sexism predicted greater polarization in men's evaluations of spontaneously generated female subtypes. Study 2 demonstrated that the negative component of sexist ambivalence (hostile sexism) predicted less favorable evaluations of women in a nontraditional role (career women), whereas the subjectively positive component of sexist ambivalence (benevolent sexism) predicted favorable feelings toward women in a traditional role (homemakers). Implications for the nature of sexist ambivalence (and other forms of ambivalent prejudice) are discussed.
La Violencia Revisited: the Clientelist Bases of Political Violence in Colombia

Lying at the heart of the problem in analyzing Colombian violence is the relative poverty of conceptual frameworks not only for dealing with violence but with the institutions and processes and traditions which form the social environment of the society. In the following pages I shall argue that a dialectic between violence and patron-client relations offers a useful analytical framework. The first part will deal with the historical dynamics of Colombian politics. In part two, patron-client politics will be looked at in a small town setting.
A Semiotic View of Socialisation, Lifespan Development and Cultural Psychology: With Vignettes from the Moral Culture of Traditional Hindu Households

Defining socialisation as the process of cultural communication whereby cul tural symbols interface with psychological experience, it is postulated that de velopmental psychology is a "cultural psychology". A semiotic view of social and human development is presented. This view of socialisation is different from the traditional theories of socialisation in that it emphasises that knowing and feeling, personal and cultural meaning are experientially and psycho logically fused in the person, early in life. Using a culture-centred view of human development the concepts of culture and socialisation are re-examined. Focusing on three variables for socialisation processes: the person, the social system, and culture, the paper focuses on microcommunicative processes by which cultural meanings are transformed into personal meanings. Using ex amples from Oriya Brahmin households, the general microcommunicative technique of instantiation is showcased and some of the specific techniques (such as narrative, dramatisation, and arguments) are illustrated.
Opinions on Fictitious Issues: The Pressure to Answer Survey Questions

This research shows, as have previous studies, that a substantial number of people will offer opinions on fictitious topics in the context of a survey interview. The results of a split-ballot experiment (and a replication) with three fictitious public affairs issues suggest that people give opinions on such matters in large part because of the pressure to answer survey questions that is created by the way in which the questions are asked and by the manner in which "don't know" responses are handled by the inter- viewer. The findings also indicate that there may be little or no relationship between an individual's willingness to admit ignorance and his or her inclination to volunteer opin- ions on fictitious issues, as measured by at least one item from the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. In addition, the data demonstrate that blacks and less well- educated respondents are more likely than their counterparts to offer opinions on fictitious issues.
Matching Faces

Numerous studies have demonstrated an out-group processing deficit for faces of other ethnic groups (“cross-race effect” or “own-race bias”). Most studies have employed Blacks, Asians, and Whites. This study employed a perceptual matching task to investigate the out-group processing deficit with 128 Turkish and 128 Austrian children between the ages of 10 and 15 years studying Turkish and German faces. Participants were required to match a face (in three-quarter view) to the corresponding face in a 2 × 5 matrix of faces (in frontal view). As predicted from Sporer's in-group/out-group model of face processing, there was an asymmetric interaction between ethnicity of participants and ethnicity of faces. Turkish children were faster in matching Turkish faces than were Austrian children, whereas there was no difference for German faces. Older children matched faces faster than younger children. Practical implications for matching of faces to photographs on identification cards or when searching for targets of other ethnic groups are discussed.
Mood and Persuasion

The impact of happy and sad moods on the processing of persuasive communications is explored. In Experiment 1, sad subjects were influenced by a counter attitudinal message only if the arguments presented were strong, not if they were weak Happy subjects, however, were equally persuaded by strong and weak arguments, unless explicitly instructed to pay attention to the content of the message. Subjects' cognitive responses revealed a parallel pattern, suggesting that the findings reflect the impact of mood on cognitive elaboration of the message. In Experiment 2, working on a distractor task during message exposure eliminated the advantage of strong over weak arguments under bad-mood conditions. Good-mood subjects were not affected by a distracting task, suggesting that they did not engage in message elaboration to begin with. It is concluded that subjects in a good mood are less likely to engage in message elaboration than subjects in a bad mood.
Socializing school administrators to meet leadership challenges that doom all but the most heroic and talented leaders to failure

School administrators can not be expected to effectively embrace their roles and functions as school administrators without the appropriate support structures, resources, and administrative training in place at district level. Administrators, more than ever, must know, understand, and be prepared to meet the complexities and challenging demands the administrative position entails before considering the job. With the current school leadership shortage looming across North America, it becomes vitally important that school districts provide leadership training, ongoing professional leadership development and preparation for increasing the levels of effectiveness of aspiring and practicing school administrators. Through a review of pertinent literature this article explores how school districts are preparing their school leaders for their roles.
Computer simulation of a model for irreversible gelation

A random mixture of bifunctional and tetrafunctional units is placed on a simple cubic lattice. Permanent bonds between these units are then formed by the random motion of active centres (radicals) resulting in a model for the gelation of polyacrylamide and similar processes. The largest of the clusters formed by this kinetic percolation process is identified with the gel fraction, the 'mean cluster size' with the weight-average degree of polymerisation. The critical exponent gamma of the mean cluster size is roughly the same as for random percolation, that is, different from that of the 'classical' theory of Flory (1941) and Stockmayer (1943), but the corresponding amplitude ratio, that is, the ratio of average molecular weight on both sides of the gel point, differs strongly from its value in random percolation. Thus, this kinetic gelation model seems to belong to a universality class of its own, different from both that of random percolation and that of classical gelation theories.
Spectral Variability of Ultraluminous Compact X-Ray Sources in Nearby Spiral Galaxies

Using the X-ray data taken with ASCA, a detailed analysis was made of intensity and spectral variations of three ultraluminous extragalactic compact X-ray sources (ULXs): IC 342 source 1, M81 X-6, and NGC 1313 source B, all exhibiting X-ray luminosity in the range from 2 × 1039 to 1.5 × 1040 ergs s-1. As already reported, IC 342 source 1 showed short-term X-ray intensity variability by a factor of 2.0 on a typical timescale of 10 ks. M81 X-6 varied by a factor of 1.6 across seven observations spanning 3 yr, while NGC 1313 source B varied by a factor of 2.5 between two observations conducted in 1993 July and 1995 November. The ASCA spectra of these sources acquired on these occasions were all described successfully as optically thick emission from standard accretion disks around black holes. This confirms previous ASCA works that explained ULXs as mass-accreting massive black hole binaries. In all three sources, the disk color temperature was uncomfortably high at Tin = 1.0-2.0 keV and was found to vary in proportion to the square root of the source flux. The apparent accretion disk radius is hence inferred to change as inversely proportional to Tin. This suggests a significant effect of advection in the accretion disk. However, even taking this effect fully into account, the too high values of Tin of ULXs cannot be explained. Further invoking the rapid black hole rotation may give a solution to this issue.
Contribution of sleep research to the development of new antidepressants

Several sleep anomalies are known to accompany depression and other psychiatric disorders, and to be partially modified by drugs efficient on clinical symptoms. Many puzzling theoretical questions remain, even after 30 years of research, because these drugs do not act in a uniform way: some reduce slow-wave sleep while others increase it; some prolong rapid-eye movement sleep latency while others do not. The relationship between insomnia and depression is likely to be a close one, since a large majority of patients with depression suffer insomnia, and that insomnia can predate depression by a few years. However, questions remain here, too, since sleep deprivation is also an effective means to combat depression, and some patients present with hypersomnia rather than insomnia. This review details the action of all current classes of antidepressants on sleep. It examines the predictive value of baseline electronencephalographic sleep symptoms or early modifications due to treatment for eventual clinical efficiency. We will also discuss the two main theories on the relationship between sleep and depression. The action on sleep of all new drugs- and antidepressants in particular - is carefully examined during development, for insomnia is currently considered to be a major health concern in industrialized countries.