Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New power index model for switching power analysis from adder graph of FIR filter

Efficient power modeling of a generic class of digital circuits is crucial to the analysis and development of optimization algorithms of power efficient design. This paper proposes a new switching power index model for the power analysis of multiplier-block based FIR filter. Unlike the existing Glitch Path Count (GPC) and Glitch Path Score (GPS), the proposed Power Index (PI) model takes into account correlated input switching activity propagations of full adders within and across adders of different widths, as well as the variation of load capacitances due to sharing of adders in reduced adder graph. Dynamic power simulations of several benchmark filters in an ASIC design flow show that this PI measure is more closely correlated with the actual dynamic power dissipation than the existing GPC and GPS models.
Candidate Confidence and Electoral Appeal: An Experimental Study of the Effect of Nonverbal Confidence on Voter Evaluations

The nonverbal display of confidence is strongly associated with leadership and power. However, its importance for the persuasiveness of campaign messages has not been explored. How important is showing confidence for a political candidate’s ratings? How does confidence condition the effect of the quality of a candidate’s arguments? This article addresses these questions using an innovative experimental approach that makes it possible to better isolate the impact of the candidate’s nonverbal confidence and the quality of his message. While both of these aspects influence voters’ perceptions of the candidate’s electability and qualifications, the nonverbal dimension matters more when it comes to electability. This research contributes to the study of nonverbal communication in elections by expanding the focus of inquiry beyond the effect of pure emotions (happiness or anger) and facial traits.
Breathing in Low-Mass Galaxies: A Study of Episodic Star Formation

We simulate the collapse of isolated dwarf galaxies using SPH + N-body simulations including a physically motivated description of the effects of supernova feedback. As the gas collapses and stars form, the supernova feedback disrupts enough gas to temporarily quench star formation. The gas flows outward into a hot halo, where it cools until star formation can continue once more and the cycle repeats. The star formation histories of isolated Local Group dwarf galaxies exhibit similar episodic bursts of star formation. We examine the mass dependence of the stellar velocity dispersions and find that they are no less than half the velocity of the halos measured at the virial radius.
Nitric Oxide Modulation of Interleukin-1β-Evoked Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Human Astrocytoma U-373 MG Cells and Brain Striatal Slices

Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and release into mammal CSF plays a fundamental role in the etiogenesis of fever induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other pyrogens. The source and mechanism of IL-1β-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was investigated using two experimental models. IL-1β (10 ng/ml) treatment of rat striatal slices preloaded with 45Ca2+elicited a delayed (30 min) and sustained increase (125–150%) in spontaneous 45Ca2+ release that was potentiated by l-arginine (300 μm) and counteracted by N-ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (1 and 3 mm). The nitric oxide (NO) donors diethylamine/NO complex (sodium salt) (0.3 and 1 mm) and spermine/NO (0.1 and 0.3 mm) mimicked the effect of IL-1β on Ca2+ release. IL-1β stimulated tissue cGMP concentration, and dibutyryl cGMP enhanced Ca2+ release. The guanyl cyclase inhibitors 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (100 μm) and 6-[phenylamino]-5,8 quinolinedione (50 μm) counteracted Ca2+ release induced by 2.5 but not 10 ng/ml IL-1β. Ruthenium red (50 μm) and, to a lesser extent, heparin (3 mg/ml) antagonized IL-1β-induced Ca2+ release, and both compounds administered together completely abolished this response. Similar results were obtained in human astrocytoma cells in which IL-1β elicited a delayed (30 min) increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) (402 ± 71.2% of baseline), which was abolished by 1 mml-NAME. These data indicate that the NO/cGMP-signaling pathway is part of the intracellular mechanism transducing IL-1β-evoked Ca2+ mobilization in glial and striatal cells and that the ryanodine and the inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+stores are involved.
Comportamento anoréxico e percepção corporal em universitários

OBJECTIVE: To assess body perception and prevalence of symptoms of nervous anorexy in college students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with convenience sample. We used the Eating Attitudes Test questionnaire (EAT-26) and the Body Image Test to evaluate symptoms of nervous anorexy and the body perception on the participants, respectively. In the statistical analysis, Binomial test was used to assess the association between qualitative variables. RESULTS: This study included 149 nutrition and 78 physical education students. The results showed that 10.3% and 14.1% of the physical education and nutrition students, respectively, presented risk factors for the development of anorexy, and the Body Image Test revealed high levels of dissatisfaction regarding body shape of students in both courses: 75.8% and 78.2% in nutrition and physical education, respectively. CONCLUSION: Students of nutrition showed greater tendency to present risk behavior for developing nervous anorexy, predominantly in females. Moreover, the results showed high proportions of dissatisfaction with body image in both courses. These results raise concern, since the physical education teachers and nutritionists are the professionals who play a key role in detecting and, in the case of a nutritionist, managing these disorders.
A scale for measuring store personality

The objective of this research study was to develop a scale for measuring store personality and to assess its psychometric properties. A preliminary study showed that store personality comprised five dimensions, termed sophistication, solidity, genuineness, enthusiasm, and unpleasantness. A follow-up survey with 226 adult consumers confirmed the stability of the factorial structure of the 34-item store-personality scale as well as the reliability of each composite dimension. Some empirical evidence was gathered with respect to the scale's construct validity, because the proposed store-personality scale was shown to behave in a manner consistent with self-image congruence theory. Additional analyses revealed that a reduced scale including 20 items exhibited factorial stability and resulted in reliable measures of the five store-personality dimensions. Finally, some empirical support was obtained in favor of using the proposed scale across different retail settings. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dysgraphia in primary progressive aphasia: Characterisation of impairments and therapy options

Background: Spelling impairment is common in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Although behavioural interventions tend to focus on spoken language, remediation of written language may be desirable, either because an individual’s regular use of writing makes it a priority or because writing is needed for communication in cases where it is better preserved than spoken language. Aims: This paper has three aims: (1) to provide an up-to-date survey of spelling and handwriting impairments in each variant of PPA, (2) to provide guidance on characterisation of dysgraphia and identification of loci of impairment, and (3) to outline possible interventions. Because the number of studies which have specifically evaluated therapy for dysgraphia in PPA is small, this paper also reviews relevant studies of therapy in non-progressive dysgraphia. Main Contribution: Review of the literature indicated that the most common pattern of spelling impairment in the semantic variant of PPA is surface dysgraphia (impairment in lexical spelling). The profile is more variable in the non-fluent and logopenic variants of PPA, but most commonly there is impairment in lexical spelling and in phoneme-to-grapheme conversion. Review of the literature on therapy for dysgraphia indicated that four main types of therapy have been evaluated and shown to improve spelling performance: (1) training of spelling of specific target words (used to ameliorate lexical and graphemic buffer impairments), (2) training of sound-to-spelling correspondence rules (used to treat impairment in assembled spelling), (3) training in segmentation of stimulus words into smaller chunks (to make them manageable for a damaged graphemic buffer, or as a first stage in applying sound-to-spelling correspondence rules), and (4) learning to identify and self-correct errors (used in treatment of graphemic buffer disorder). Conclusions: It is likely that spelling impairment in PPA would be responsive to treatment, although this has only been demonstrated in the logopenic variant. Reported improvements following therapy for anomia demonstrate that relearning is possible in PPA, despite the progressive nature of the condition. This gives reason for optimism regarding a positive response to therapy for dysgraphia in all variants of PPA.
Induced expression of neurotrophins in transgenic mice overexpressing ornithine decarboxylase and overproducing putrescine

Transgenic mice overexpressing ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were recently generated (Halmekytö et al.: Biochem Biophys Res Commun 180:262–267, 1991). The dramatic ODC overexpression resulted in a very high accumulation of the polyamine putrescine in the brain. As elevated polyamine levels in the brain are believed to be associated with neuronal damage, we studied whether enhanced putrescine accumulation in the brain of these mice affects the expression of neurotrophins and their high affinity receptors. Northern blot analysis indicated that mRNA levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) were significantly elevated about 1.5‐fold in the hippocampus of ODC transgenic mice as compared with control animals. The levels of BDNF, NGF and NT‐3 mRNA were also elevated in the kidneys of the transgenic mice. In eight other tissues examined there were no significant differences. The expression pattern of BDNF mRNA and of trkB and trkC (high affinity receptors for BDNF and NT‐3 respectively) immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation did not reveal significant differences. The induction of the expression of neurotrophins could belong to neuroprotective measures triggered by ODC overexpression. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physiopathology of Bone Modifications in β-Thalassemia

β-thalassemia major (βTM) or Cooley anemia is characterized by significantly reduced or absent synthesis of β-globin chains, which induces important pathologic consequences including hemolytic anemia, altered erythropoiesis, and bone marrow overstimulation. The pathogenesis of bone changes in patients with βTM is not yet completely understood. However, an unbalance in bone mineral turnover resulting from increased resorption and suppression of osteoblast activity has been detected in βTM patients. The abnormal regulation of bone metabolism may be related to hormonal and genetic factors, iron overload and iron chelation therapy, nutritional deficits, and decreased levels of physical activity. Here, we review the most recent findings on the physiopathology of bone abnormalities in βTM. Clinical presentation and radiological features of βTM-related bone changes are also discussed.
Longitudinal Analyses of Academic Achievement

Mathematical models of individual growth are the basis for analyzing academic achievement over time. This study demonstrates that much can be learned about academic growth from the analysis of individual growth curves. In addition, we illustrate the aggregation of individual responses to provide descriptions of institutional growth. Although more efficient statistical methods are available, the simple approach taken here serves to demonstrate the logic and approach to analyzing longitudinal data. Literature on the measurement of change has traditionally dealt with two occasions (waves) of measurement. The difference score as a measure of change has thus received much of the attention in this literature. However, because of overly restrictive assumptions and the lack of a suitable statistical model for change, many authors have condemned the difference score as a measure of change and have recommended other approaches (e.g., Cronbach & Furby, 1970; Lord, 1956, 1963; Nunnally, 1973; O'Connor, 1972; and Thorndike, 1966). More recent developments in the measurement of change have clarified many of these issues and have moved a long way toward correcting previous misconceptions. A key feature of these recent developments is that measures of change have been generalized beyond two occasions of measurement to the situation where richer longitudinal data are available. Some of these investigations are described below. Baltes, Reese, and Nesselroade (1977) recognized the need for modeling change over time and the fact that perceived problems with traditional approaches to the measurement of change (e.g., low reliability of the difference
Pattern, management and outcome of urological complications in first post-transplant year in 50 cases of renal transplant.

BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure needs substitutive treatment such as haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for the patients to survive. Kidney transplantation improves survival of patients with chronic renal failure. This study was conducted to identify the pattern, management and outcome of urological complications in first post-transplant year in 50 cases of renal transplant recipients. METHODS This case series study was conducted in the Department of Urology and Transplantation, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, during the period of three years, from Jan 2006 to Dec 2008. All 50 patients were admitted through outdoor department, Dialysis Unit, and directly referred from other hospitals. Donor and recipient were evaluated thoroughly by history, examination, and laboratory investigations. All donors were live related donors. After getting the proper tissue typing and HLA-matching transplant was done and recipients were thoroughly observed for the development of any urological complication in first post-transplant year. RESULTS Total 8 (16%) subjects developed complications. Urinary leakage was noticed in 3 patients. In one patient leakage stopped spontaneously while in remaining two patients surgical procedure was carried out. Two patients developed uro-sepsis due to intractable UTI. Both were successfully treated with broad spectrum anti biotic. Ureteric stenosis was noticed in 2 subjects. Indwelling JJ stent was placed in one case while remaining case was dealt with uretroneocystostomy. One cases developed Vesico-ureteric reflux. He was treated surgically. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment of urological complication may prevent the further morbidity and decline in graft function.
Haiku and Healing

Haiku poetry was investigated in the context of the expressive writing paradigm to evaluate its potential benefits. Participants, 98 introductory psychology students at a large southwestern university, wrote for 20 min a day on 3 consecutive days and completed self-report measures of happiness, life satisfaction, spiritual meaning, creativity, physiological symptomatology, depression, anxiety, and health/illness orientation at baseline and 3-week follow-up. A series of analysis of covariance linear contrasts were used to examine differences between groups writing narrative about a neutral topic, haiku about a neutral topic, haiku about nature, or haiku about a negative life event. Writing in narrative about a neutral topic led to decreases in anxiety and depression. Participants writing haiku about nature or a negative life event reported increased creativity, and writing haiku about nature led to decreased illness orientation. The present findings suggest that narrative writing leads to decreases in anxiety and depression, while haiku writing increases creativity and sensitivity to topic. The value of haiku and the arts are discussed for the writing paradigm and beyond.
Materialism and the Five-Factor Model of Personality

The hypothesis that High and Low Materialism groups have different personality profiles was tested with 280 introductory psychology students (135 men and 145 women) who completed the Belk Materialism Scale and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory for partial course credit. Results of discriminant function analysis supported the hypothesis, indicating that groups High and Low in Materialism had significantly different personality profiles and that the standard discriminant function coefficients were substantial (>.30): for Neuroticism −. 59, Agreeableness . 53, and Openness . 32.
Assessment of a goat model of posterolateral knee instability

The development of an in vivo animal model of posterolateral knee instability is desired for devising effective interventions for this injury. Sequential sectioning of the popliteus tendon, lateral collateral ligament, and lateral capsule was done in cadaveric goat knees to create knee joint instability, followed by in vivo studies (Studies 1 and 2) of 7 and 3 months duration, respectively. In Study 1, the popliteus tendon and lateral collateral ligament were sectioned; in Study 2, these structures as well as the lateral joint capsule were sectioned. Biomechanical testing and histological assessments were done to determine the severity of the instability and the morphological changes. Sectioning the lateral collateral ligament and popliteus tendon (Study 1) resulted in a significant increase in varus instability at 90°. Sectioning the lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and lateral capsule (Study 2) resulted in significant varus instability at 30°, 60°, and 90°, and significant internal–external rotation at 60° and 90°; however, the lesions of osteoarthritis in the operated knees were similar to those in unoperated control knees. This study confirms that posterolateral knee instability can be created in a goat model, but we were unable to demonstrate lesions of osteoarthritis that were of sufficient severity to allow evaluation of disease reduction in future intervention procedures. Future studies will determine if further manipulation of the model results in sufficient morphological changes to allow its use in the assessment of intervention strategies. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:651–659, 2008
Incongruent Perceptions Among Nurses and Patients: A Qualitative Study of Patient's Dignity in Iran

Dignity is the most fundamental right of every human being, patients in particular. Despite being a fairly disputed concept, dignity is a multidimensional issue, the interpretation of which is affected by a multitude of factors. Semistructured interviews and observation data from 35 patients, their companions, and nurses were performed to highlight their views with regard to patients’ dignity in health care centers. Although findings reveal that nearly all patients felt that their dignity had been violated, there is a considerable difference between participants’ viewpoints of dignity. Interactions among participants can increase their awareness of dignity and may lead to its maintenance.
Protection of the Respiratory Tract – Mucus Production: A Review 1

Respiratory tract mucus has interested scientists and doctors for thousands of years. For example, Hippocrates was aware that a surfeit of it was detrimental to health, and a common cause of death. However, its association with the four humours meant that its role fitted in more easily with the philosophy of the time (Capel 1966) than with the idea that its main function might be to keep the lungs clean. Despite the importance of mucus in respiratory diseases, still relatively' little is known about its properties and physiology. Foreign particles are removed from the respiratory system by three methods: ciliary action, coughing, and via lymphatic drainage. The first two of these are the more important: clearance by ciliary action is the normal method, while coughing only occurs when the cilia are overloaded to the extent that the burden ofmucus stimulates cough receptors, or as a response to an irritant stimulus (Widdicombe 1954). Both of these mechanisms depend upon the presence of a layer of mucus in the airways. Sade et al, (1970), using a frog palate preparation, showed that movement of particles by the cilia ceased when secretion of mucus failed despite the continuation of ciliary beating. It started again on reapplication of mucus from another source; thus, in these circumstances, absence of mucus rather than some fault in the action of cilia caused the stasis of particles. Clarke (1973) concluded that the efficiency of cough depends greatly on the viscosity, elasticity and thickness of the fluid lining the airwavs.
Antiphospholipid antibodies

Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies, known collectively as antiphospholipid antibodies, are becoming established as markers for increased risk of thrombosis, including ischemic cerebrovascular disease. In this brief review, we highlight evidence for an against a pathogenetic role of these antibodies in ischemic brain disease and comment on currently available laboratory studies to detect them. Future research on the association of antiphopholipid antibodies with nerological disease should focus on establishing the pathogenicity of these antibodies, identifying groups at high risk for recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events, and initiating prospective multicenter natural history and treatment protocols.
SECOND THOUGHTS ABOUT EXPERT POLITICAL JUDGMENT: REPLY TO THE SYMPOSIUM

Imagine devoting years of arduous study to master the intricacies of a subject*and years more of hard labor applying and refining your knowledge in your chosen profession. You secure a steady income and the respect of your peers and the broader society. And then along comes the Information Revolution which starts to nibble away, ever more aggressively as the decades pass, at your professional prerogatives. Computer scientists, cognitive psychologists, and evidence-based management consultants demonstrate that increasing percentages of your work could be done better by ever more sophisticated sets of algorithms (Dawes, Meehl, and Faust 1989)*and the remainder of your job could be done better if you were held tightly accountable for following a public checklist of do’s and don’ts (Gawande 2010). Statisticians show that your judgment is no more accurate than, and often less accurate than, the wisdom of the crowd (Surowiecki 2004). In a nutshell, your status as an expert is under siege. The mystique of professionalism surrounding you and your pronouncements has begun to fade*and so does demand for your services. Sociologists who specialize in the study of professions see a familiar pattern. Professions are doomed to fall from grace when they lose their ability to convince powerful outsiders that they possess special judgmental skills that cannot be easily reproduced elsewhere (Wilensky