Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fe b 20 05 Spinning strings in AdS 5 × S 5 : one-loop correction to energy in SL ( 2 ) sector

We consider a circular string with spin S in AdS 5 wrapped around big circle of S 5 and carrying also momentum J. The corresponding N = 4 SYM operator belongs to the SL(2) sector, i.e. has tr(D S Z J) + . structure. The leading large J term in its 1-loop anomalous dimension can be computed using Bethe ansatz for the SL(2) spin chain and was previously found to match the leading term in the classical string energy. The string solution is stable at large J, and the Lagrangian for string fluctuations has constant coefficients, so that the 1-loop string correction to the energy E 1 is given simply by the sum of characteristic frequencies. Curiously, we find that the leading term in the zero-mode part of E 1 is the same as a 1/J correction to the one-loop anomalous dimension on the gauge theory (spin chain) side that was found in hep-th/0410105. However, the contribution of non-zero string modes does not vanish. We also discuss the " fast string " expansion of the classical string action which coincides with the coherent state action of the SL(2) spin chain at the first order in λ, and extend this expansion to higher orders clarifying the role of the S 5 winding number.
Loss of the modifiers of variegation Su(var)3-7 or HP1 impacts male X polytene chromosome morphology and dosage compensation

Loss of Su(var)3-7 or HP1 suppresses the genomic silencing of position-effect variegation, whereas over-expression enhances it. In addition, loss of Su(var)3-7 results in preferential male lethality. In polytene chromosomes deprived of Su(var)3-7, we observe a specific bloating of the male X chromosome, leading to shortening of the chromosome and to blurring of its banding pattern. In addition, the chromocenter, where heterochromatin from all polytene chromosomes fuses, appears decondensed. The same chromosomal phenotypes are observed as a result of loss of HP1. Mutations of Su(var)3-7 or of Su(var)2-5, the gene encoding HP1, also cause developmental defects, including a spectacular increase in size of the prothoracic gland and its polytene chromosomes. Thus, although structurally very different, the two proteins cooperate closely in chromosome organization and development. Finally, bloating of the male X chromosome in the Su(var)3-7 mutant depends on the presence of a functional dosage compensation complex on this chromosome. This observation reveals a new and intriguing genetic interaction between epigenetic silencing and compensation of dose.
Novel Hierarchical Classification and Visualization Method for Multiobjective Optimization of Drug Properties: Application to Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Metabolism

In the lead optimization process, medicinal chemists must consider various chemical properties of active compounds, including ADME/Tox properties, and find the best compromise among these. This study presents a novel data mining method for multiobjective optimization of chemical properties, which consists of the hierarchical classification and visualization of multidimensional data. A hierarchical classification tree model is generated by an extension of recursive partitioning that utilizes averaged information gains for multiple objective variables as a quality-of-split criterion. All the hierarchically structured data objects are represented using a large-scale data visualization technique. The technique is an extension of HeiankyoView, which displays data objects as colored icons and group nodes as rectangular borders. Each icon is divided into subregions with different colors, so that it can present multidimensional data according to brightness of the colors. The proposed method was applied to the structure-activity relationship analysis for cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates. The substrate specificity of six CYP isoforms was successfully delineated: e.g., CYP2C9 substrates are anionic compounds, while CYP2D6 substrates are cationic; and CYP2E1 substrates are smaller compounds, while CYP3A4 substrates are larger compounds.
Effects of Azole Antifungal Drugs on the Transition from Yeast Cells to Hyphae in Susceptible and Resistant Isolates of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans

ABSTRACT Oral infections caused by the yeast Candida albicansare some of the most frequent and earliest opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The widespread use of azole antifungal drugs has led to the development of drug resistance, creating a major problem in the treatment of yeast infections in AIDS patients and other immunocompromised individuals. Several molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance have been identified. InC. albicans, the ability to morphologically switch from yeast cells (blastospores) to filamentous forms (hyphae) is an important virulence factor which contributes to the dissemination ofCandida in host tissues and which promotes infection and invasion. A positive correlation between the level of antifungal drug resistance and the ability to form hyphae in the presence of azole drugs has been identified. Under hypha-inducing conditions in the presence of an azole drug, resistant clinical isolates form hyphae, while susceptible yeast isolates do not. This correlation is observed in a random sample from a population of susceptible and resistant isolates and is independent of the mechanisms of resistance.35S-methionine incorporation suggests that growth inhibition is not sufficient to explain the inhibition of hyphal formation, but it may contribute to this inhibition.
Cortical cholinergic inputs mediate processing capacity: effects of 192 IgG‐saporin‐induced lesions on olfactory span performance

An olfactory span task that required rats to discriminate an olfactory stimulus added to an increasing list of such stimuli (nonmatching‐to‐sample; NMTS) was employed to assess the role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the animals' olfactory working memory capacity. A separate group of animals was trained in a matching‐to‐sample (MTS) version of this task that did not tax span performance. NMTS animals required significantly more sessions to reach an olfactory span of 18 stimuli than MTS rats. Infusions of the cholino‐immunotoxin 192 IgG‐saporin into the basal forebrain resulted in decreases of cortical acetylcholinesterase (AChE)‐positive fibre density ranging from 80% in frontodorsal and frontoparietal regions to 35% in the pyriform cortex and 24% in the olfactory bulb. Postsurgery span performance was significantly reduced in lesioned NMTS but not MTS animals. Span performance in lesioned NMTS animals recovered following 4 weeks of postoperative training; however, these animals' span remained vulnerable to the effects of increased intertrial intervals. The distribution of errors in lesioned animals indicated a recency effect. In NMTS animals, olfactory span performance during the initial two postoperative weeks correlated significantly with AChE‐positive fibre density in neocortical but not olfactory areas. The privileged, automatic processing of olfactory stimuli in rats may have contributed to the transience of the lesion effect. The results support the crucial role of cortical cholinergic input in the mediation of aspects of processing capacity.
Demographic, health conditions, and lifestyle factors associated with urinary incontinence in elderly from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in the elderly population of Florianópolis, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS We used data from EpiFloripa Idoso 2009/2010 survey, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,705 elderly of both the sexes. Poisson's regression (crude and adjusted analysis) was applied to verify the association between the urinary incontinence outcome and exploratory variables (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health conditions). RESULTS Among the elderly, 29.4% reported urinary incontinence; 36.3% were women and 17.0% men. The factors associated with greater prevalence of urinary incontinence were being female, aged more than 70 years old, having 0 to 4 schooling years, being insufficiently active, having bronchitis or asthma, stroke or cerebral ischemia, presenting mild or moderate/severe dependence, and polypharmacy. CONCLUSION The prevalence of urinary incontinence was high among the investigated elderly. Sociodemographic variables and those related to lifestyle and health conditions were associated with higher prevalence of urinary incontinence. Knowledge of the factors associated with urinary incontinence in aged individuals can guide actions to reduce and prevent this important issue, which affects the elderly.
Pharmacological aspects of corticotrophinergic and vasopressinergic function tests for HPA axis activation

This thesis focuses on the quantification of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in healthy volunteers by applying pharmacological function tests with distinct pharmacodynamic (PD) mechanisms. Its main objective is to contribute to the validation of different function tests for the two most well-characterized HPA axis activation routes. To realize this objective, different experiments were executed in which specific principles that have been proposed to optimize the reliability of pharmacological function tests were observed. Human corticotrophin-releasing hormone (corticorelin - hCRH) and the direct serotonin (5-HT) precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were applied for the corticotrophinergic (CRH-mediated) route while the synthetic analogue of arginine-vasopresin (AVP) desmopressin (dDAVP)and the D2 receptor antagonist metoclopramide were used for the vasopressinergic (AVP-mediated) pathway. Additionally, the application of these function tests was expected to contribute to a better understanding of the respective contributions of the corticotrophinergic and vasopressinergic pathways to HPA axis activation in health. Finally, an extra dimension was added to the validation process by applying proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)to measure changes in hypothalamic metabolites during pharmacological stimulation.
“I just want to teach”: Queensland independent school teachers and their workload

Purpose – The present study seeks to elucidate observed mismatches with workload in teacher respondents to a survey exploring aspects of the work environment. Design/methodology/approach – This phase of the study constituted a pen and paper survey of 298 currently serving teachers in independent schools in Queensland, Australia. Measures used in the research included the Areas of Worklife Survey (AWLS), which identifies matches or mismatches between the worker and organization on six areas of worklife, the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Findings – One sample t-tests revealed respondents reported significantly higher matches in the control, community, fairness and values areas of work life than previously surveyed populations, whereas they reported no difference in reward, and significantly more mismatch with workload. Respondents reported significantly higher levels than previously established norms on the OLBI dimension of exhaustion, but similar levels of disengagement. Responses to the UWES revealed significantly higher dedication and absorption and lower vigor than previously established norms. In addition, respondents reported working long hours in order to fulfill all obligations. Expansion of the quantitative data with respondent comments indicated that teachers working independent schools in Queensland have reached a level of workload that is unsustainable and which constitutes a serious risk to their mental and physical health. Originality/value – This article pinpoints the many reasons why demands made on teachers have extended to a level which is making their work unsustainable and will be of interest to those involved in the teaching profession.
Cancer Dose‐Response Modeling of Epidemiological Data on Worker Exposures to Aldrin and Dieldrin

The paper applies classical statistical principles to yield new tools for risk assessment and makes new use of epidemiological data for human riskassessment. An extensive clinical and epidemiological study of workers engaged in the manufacturing and formulation of aldrin and dieldrin provides occupational hygiene and biological monitoring data on individual exposures over the years of employment and provides unusually accurate measures of individual lifetime average daily doses. In the cancer dose‐response modeling, each worker is treated as a separate experimental unit with his own unique dose. Maximum likelihood estimates of added cancer risk are calculated for multistage, multistage‐Weibull, and proportional hazards models. Distributional characterizations of added cancer risk are based on bootstrap and relative likelihood techniques. The cancer mortality data on these male workerssuggest that low‐dose exposures to aldrin and dieldrin do not significantlyincrease human cancer risk and may even decrease the human hazard rate for all types of cancer combined at low doses (e.g., 1μg/kg/day). The apparent hormetic effect in the best fitting dose‐response models for this data set is statistically significant. The decrease in cancer risk at low doses ofaldrin and dleldrin is in sharp contrast to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's upper bound on cancer potency based on mouse liver tumors. The EPA's upper bound implies that lifetime average daily doses of 0.0000625 and 0.00625 pμg/kg body weight/day would correspond to increased cancer risks of 0.000001 and O.OOO1, respectively. However, the best estimate from the Pernis epidemiological data is that there is no increase in cancer risk in these workers at these doses or even at doses as large as 2 μg/kg/day.
Driving posture recognition by convolutional neural networks

Driver fatigue and inattention have long been recognized as the main contributing factors in traffic accidents. Development of intelligent driver assistance systems with embeded functionality of driver vigilance monitoring is therefore an urgent and challenging task. This paper presents a novel system which applies convolutional neural network to automatically learn and predict four driving postures. The main idea is to monitor driver hand position with discriminative information extracted to predict safe/unsafe driving posture. In comparison to previous approaches, convolutional neural networks (CNN) can automatically learn discriminative features directly from raw images. In our works, a CNN model was first pre-trained by an unsupervised feature learning called using sparse filtering, and subsequently fine-tuned with four classes of labeled data. The Approach was verified using the Southeast University Driving-Posture Dataset, which comprised of video clips covering four driving postures, including normal driving, responding to a cell phone call, eating and smoking. Compared to other popular approaches with different image descriptor and classification, our method achieves the best performance with a overall accuracy of 99.78%.
The Reflexive Thesis: Wrighting Sociology of Scientific Knowledge

This unusually innovative book treats reflexivity, not as a philosophical conundrum, but as a practical issue that arises in the course of scholarly research and argument. In order to demonstrate the concrete and consequential nature of reflexivity, Malcolm Ashmore concentrates on an area in which reflexive "problems" are acute: the sociology of scientific knowledge. At the forefront of recent radical changes in our understanding of science, this increasingly influential mode of analysis specializes in rigorous deconstructions of the research practices and textual products of the scientific enterprise. Through a series of detailed examinations of the practices and products of the sociology of scientific knowledge, Ashmore turns its own claims and findings back onto itself and opens up a whole new era of exploration beyond the common fear of reflexive self-destruction.
Gaussian process modulated renewal processes

Renewal processes are generalizations of the Poisson process on the real line whose intervals are drawn i.i. d. from some distribution. Modulated renewal processes allow these interevent distributions to vary with time, allowing the introduction of nonstationarity. In this work, we take a nonparametric Bayesian approach, modelling this nonstationarity with a Gaussian process. Our approach is based on the idea of uniformization, which allows us to draw exact samples from an otherwise intractable distribution. We develop a novel and efficient MCMC sampler for posterior inference. In our experiments, we test these on a number of synthetic and real datasets.
Birinci Sınıf Öğretmen Adaylarının Matematiğe Yönelik Tutumlarının Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

Bu calismanin amaci, ilk ve ortaokul ogretmen adaylarinin matematige yonelik tutumlarini incelemektir. Calismanin verileri 2010-2011 egitim-ogretim yilinda Inonu Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi'nde ogrenim go1ren 52'si Sinif Ogretmenligi (SO), 90'i Fen Bilgisi Ogretmenligi (FO), 31'i Ilkogretim Matematik Ogretmenligi (IMO) ve 27'si Bilgisayar ve Ogretim Teknolojileri Ogretmenligi (BOTE) olmak uzere toplam 200 ogretmen adayina; Duatepe ve Cilesiz (1999) tarafindan gelistirilen likert tipi “Matematik Tutum Olcegi” uygulanarak elde edilmistir. Olcegin guvenirligi icin yapilan Cronbach Alpha guvenirlik analizinde, guvenirlik katsayisi 0,943 olarak tespit edilmistir. Verilerin cozumlenmesinde yuzde, frekans, aritmetik ortalama, Mann- Whitney U Testi ve Kruskal Wallis Testi'den yararlanilmistir. Elde edilen bulgulardan: Matematik tutum duzeyleri kizlarin erkeklere gore; IMO ogrencilerinin SO, FO ve BOTE ogrencilerine gore daha yuksek oldugu; 22 yasindaki ogrencilerin diger yas grubundaki ogrencilere gore daha dusuk oldugu belirlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tutum, matematige yonelik tutum, ogretmen adaylari
High performance full adder cell: A comparative analysis

Full adder is an essential component for the design and development of all types of processors viz. digital signal processors (DSP), microprocessors etc. Adders are the core element of complex arithmetic operations like addition, multiplication, division, exponentiation etc. In most of these systems adder lies in the critical path that affects the overall speed of the system. So enhancing the performance of the 1-bit full adder cell is a significant goal. The present study proposes an energy efficient full adder cell with least MOS transistor count that reduces the serious problem of threshold loss. It considerably increases the speed. Result shows 45% improvement in threshold loss problem, 40% improvement in power-delay product over the other types of adders with comparable performance. The simulation has been carried out on Tanner EDA tool on BSIM3v3 90nm and 130nm technologies.
Would you like to sample? Robot engagement in a shopping centre

Nowadays, robots are gradually appearing in public spaces such as libraries, train stations, airports and shopping centres. Only a limited percentage of research literature explores robot applications in public spaces. Studying robot applications in the wild is particularly important for designing commercially viable applications able to meet a specific goal. Therefore, in this paper we conduct an experiment to test a robot application in a shopping centre, aiming to provide results relevant for today's technological capability and market. We compared the performance of a robot and a human in promoting food samples in a shopping centre, a well known commercial application, and then analysed the effects of the type of engagement used to achieve this goal. Our results show that the robot is able to engage customers similarly to a human as expected. However unexpectedly, while an actively engaging human was able to perform better than a passively engaging human, we found the opposite effect for the robot. In this paper we investigate this phenomenon, with possible explanation ready to be explored and tested in subsequent research.
The DnrN protein of Streptomyces peucetius, a pseudo-response regulator, is a DNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of daunorubicin biosynthesis

DnrN, a protein essential for the transcription of the dnrI gene, which in turn activates transcription of the daunorubicin biosynthesis genes in Streptomyces peucetius, was overproduced in Escherichia coli and S. peucetius. The cell-free extract from E. coli was used to conduct DNA-binding assays. The results of gel mobility shift analysis showed that DnrN binds specifically to the dnrI promoter region with a high affinity (Kd = 50 nM). Neither acetyl phosphate nor ATP affected the binding ability, and there was no difference in binding between wild-type DnrN and a mutant form (D-55-->N) lacking the putative phosphorylation site (aspartate 55) of a response regulator protein. Therefore, phosphorylation of DnrN apparently is not necessary for DNA binding. DNase I footprinting analysis indicated binding regions at 37 to 55 bp and 62 to 100 bp upstream of the transcriptional start point of dnrI. Interestingly, the sequence of these regions includes consecutive overlapping triplets [5'-(A/T)GC, 5'-(A/T)CG, 5'-(A/T)C(A/T)] that have been shown to be the preferential binding site of daunorubicin (J. B. Chaires and J. E. Herrera, Biochemistry 29:6145-6153, 1990). This may explain why daunorubicin appeared to inhibit the binding of DnrN to the dnrI promoter, which could result in feedback repression of daunorubicin production. The results of Western blotting (immunoblotting) analysis with His-tagged DnrN antiserum showed that dnrN expression is coincident with daunorubicin production and that the maximum level of DnrN is 0.01% of total protein in the wild-type S. peucetius strain. Since the level of DnrN was lowered in mutant strains that do not produce daunorubicin, we speculate that dnrN and dnrI expression are regulated by daunorubicin.
Deep dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a subcutaneous variant

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a distinctive cutaneous spindle cell neoplasm that invariably infiltrates the subcutaneous tissue. Other reports have suggested that exceptional cases of DFSP may be confined to the subcutaneous tissue and lack dermal involvement. We wish to confirm this observation by describing cases of a rare variant of DFSP confined to the subcutaneous tissue, and analyse possible histogenetic implications.
The production of nouns and verbs in young Cantonese- speaking children

More than twenty years ago, Gentner’s (1982) stated that nouns are universally predominant in children’s early vocabulary. However, no information was given on that issue in Cantonese. The present study investigates the production of nouns and verbs in Cantonese-speaking children and adults, by replicating the study of Tardif, Gelman, and Xu (1999). Three activity contexts were used in the language sampling. They are picture book reading, mechanical toys and regular toys. The results failed to give evidence of a noun-bias. Moreover, the Cantonese children used verbs and nouns in a similar way across the three contexts as their Mandarin counterparts. The similarity between the input language of Mandarin and Cantonese may explain the result obtained.