Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The levels of depression and somatization in restless legs syndrome

Amac: Huzursuz bacak sendromu (HBS) istirahat s›ras›nda meydana gelen ve hareketle azalan, bacaklardaki hofla gitmeyen duyumlarla karakterize, yayg›n gorulen fakat s›kl›kla yanl›fl tan› konulan veya tan›s› atlan›lan bir norolojik hareket bozuklu¤udur. HBS’nun, depresyon ve anksiyete ile iliflkili oldu¤u bildirilmifltir. HBS ve depresyonun birlikteli¤inin nedeni henuz bilinmemektedir. Somatizasyon, fiziksel semptomlar fleklinde psikolojik endiflenin yaflanmas› ve belirtilmesi olarak tan›mlan›r. HBS hastalar›nda somatik semptom puanlar› yuksek bulunmufltur. Bu cal›flman›n amac› HBS’nun depresyon ve di¤er psikolojik semptomlarla, ozellikle de somatizasyon ile iliflkisini araflt›rmakt›r. Yontem: Cal›flma grubu, Uluslararas› HBS Cal›flma Grubunun (IRLSSG) tan› kriterlerini karfl›layan 20 HBS hastas› ve 20 sa¤l›kl› kontrolden olufluyordu. Kat›l›mc›lardan her biri depresyon ve di¤er psikolojik semptomlar›n araflt›r›lmas› icin Hamilton depresyon olce¤i (HAM-D), Hamilton anksiyete olce¤i (HAM-A) ve Belirti tarama listesi-90’› (SCL-90R) iceren 3 olce¤i doldurdu. Sonuclar deneyimli bir psikiyatrist taraf›ndan de¤erlendirildi. Bulgular: Yafl ortalamas› 39,9 (min-mak: 21-65) olan 20 HBS hastas› (16 kad›n, 4 erkek) ve kontrol grubunda, yafl ortalamas› 34,5 (min-mak: 20-52) benzer 20 sa¤l›kl› birey (14 kad›n, 6 erkek) vard›. Hamilton depresyon derecelendirme olce¤i ve Hamilton anksiyete olce¤i puanlar›, HBS hastalar›nda kontrol grubundakilerden anlaml› bicimde yuksekti, fakat SCL-90R’da yaln›zca somatizasyon ve yemek /uyku bozuklu¤u puanlar›, HBS hastalar›nda kontrollerden yuksekti. ‹ki grup aras›nda depresyon da dâhil olmak uzere di¤er semptomlarda istatistiksel olarak anlaml› fark yoktu. Sonuc: Biz HBS hastalar›nda SCL-90R puanlar›na gore, somatizasyonun, depresyondan daha on planda olan bir semptom olabilece¤ini duflunuyoruz. HBS hastalar›nda, somatik semptomlar dikkatlice de¤erlendirilmelidir. HBS hastalar depresyonun de¤erlendirildi¤i olceklerin yetersizli¤i nedeniyle, depresyon yanl›fl tan›s› alabilirler. Gelecekteki cal›flmalarda, depresyon ve HBS iliflkisini gostermek icin psikomotor ve somatik parametreleri olmayan depresyon olcekleri kullan›labilir.
Ropivacaine 0.25% compared with bupivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route

We compared in a randomized double‐blind study, the postoperative analgesia and degree of motor block produced by the new local anaesthetic ropivacaine, with bupivacaine, for caudal anaesthesia in children. Eighty children, 2–5‐years‐old, ASA I, received one of two local anaesthetics; either ropivacaine 0·25% (1.0 ml·kg−1) or bupivacaine 0·25% (1.0 ml·kg−1). They were sedated with a continuous infusion of propofol (200 μg·kg−1 min−1). The lungs were ventilated with a mixture of 50% nitrous oxide with oxygen. 60 min after local anaesthetic injection, and every 60 min, the extent of the motor block in the recovery room was scored as 1–3, according to a modified Bromage scale. Adverse events and the time to the first analgesic requirement were reported. Patients in the two groups did not differ with respect to age, weight and height. There were no differences in heart rate and arterial pressure between the two groups(P>0.05). No adverse events were observed. The ropivacaine group showed a shorter duration of motor block than the bupivacaine group (P<0.05). The first postoperative analgesic requirement was a mean (sd) of 5 h±4.32 after the operation in the ropivacaine group and 5 h±3.81 for the bupivacaine group. These findings suggest that caudal anaesthesia with ropivacaine 0.25% in paediatric patients can be effective, with less motor blockade in the postoperative period.
Information acquisition with sensing robots: Algorithms and error bounds

Utilizing the capabilities of configurable sensing systems requires addressing difficult information gathering problems. Near-optimal approaches exist for sensing systems without internal states. However, when it comes to optimizing the trajectories of mobile sensors the solutions are often greedy and rarely provide performance guarantees. Notably, under linear Gaussian assumptions, the problem becomes deterministic and can be solved off-line. Approaches based on submodularity have been applied by ignoring the sensor dynamics and greedily selecting informative locations in the environment. This paper presents a non-greedy algorithm with suboptimality guarantees, which relies on concavity instead of submodularity and takes the sensor dynamics into account. Coupled with linearization and model predictive control, the algorithm can be used to generate adaptive policies for mobile sensors with non-linear sensing models. Applications in gas concentration mapping and target tracking are presented.
Later life and the social model of disability: a comfortable partnership?

There has been very limited debate about the usefulness of links between later life and disability studies. The paper reviews the arguments for and against a closer association. The social model of disability makes crucial the separation of disability from impairment and shows that it is society that does the disabling. This is never so clear as in the case of housing policies for older people, the focus of this article. Older people suffer discrimination and have to submit to a medical model of later life if they receive health or social care services. The argument against an association between later life studies and disability studies is that later life is an immensely diverse experience, much of it nothing to do with disability. Moreover, some older people reject the negative connotation when later life is equated with disability. The paper argues, however, for a specific application of the social model of disability to the situation of older people with impairments who receive services. It also asserts that the social model of disability can be accommodated in critical gerontology and, in particular, in a post-modern perspective. The paper concludes with examples of the value of the social model of disability at both the policy and political levels.
Slow State Transitions of Sustained Neural Oscillations by Activity-Dependent Modulation of Intrinsic Excitability

Little is known about the dynamics and mechanisms of transitions between tonic firing and bursting in cortical networks. Here, we use a computational model of a neocortical circuit with extracellular potassium dynamics to show that activity-dependent modulation of intrinsic excitability can lead to sustained oscillations with slow transitions between two distinct firing modes: fast run (tonic spiking or fast bursts with few spikes) and slow bursting. These transitions are caused by a bistability with hysteresis in a pyramidal cell model. Balanced excitation and inhibition stabilizes a network of pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons in the bistable region and causes sustained periodic alternations between distinct oscillatory states. During spike-wave seizures, neocortical paroxysmal activity exhibits qualitatively similar slow transitions between fast run and bursting. We therefore predict that extracellular potassium dynamics can cause alternating episodes of fast and slow oscillatory states in both normal and epileptic neocortical networks.
Open Access Research Article Differential Expression Level of Cytokeratin 8 in Cells of the Bovine Nucleus Pulposus Complicates the Search for Specific Intervertebral Disc Cell Markers

Introduction: Development of cell therapies for repairing the intervertebral disc is limited by the lack of a source of healthy human disc cells. Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, are seen as a potential source but differentiation strategies are limited by the lack of specific markers that can distinguish disc cells from articular chondrocytes. Methods: We searched for markers using the differential in-gel electrophoresis proteomic technology to compare proteins of bovine nucleus pulposus cells, phenotypically similar to mature human nucleus cells, with those of bovine articular chondrocytes. In the cohort of the differentially expressed proteins identified by mass spectrometry, cytokeratin 8 (CK8) was further validated by immunostaining of freshly isolated cells and frozen tissue sections using monoclonal antibodies. Results: We identified a set of 14 differentially expressed proteins. Immunohistochemistry showed that only a subset of cells (approximately 10%) was positive for one of these proteins, CK8, an intermediate filament protein present in epithelial but not mesenchymal cells. In tissue sections, CK8-positive cells were seen in all discs examined and appeared as small isolated clusters surrounded by gelatinous matrix. Notochordal nucleus pulposus cells from pig, phenotypically similar to human infant nucleus pulposus cells, were all CK8-positive. The mesenchymal intermediate filament protein vimentin was present in all bovine and porcine nucleus pulposus cells. Conclusions: The notochordal cell population is reported to disappear from the nucleus pulposus of bovine discs before birth and from human discs in childhood. However our finding of the co-expression of vimentin and CK8 in small isolated clusters of the bovine nucleus pulposus cells indicates that a subpopulation of notochordal-like cells remains in the mature bovine disc. This finding agrees with reports in the literature on co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin in adult human discs. As notochordal cells produce factors that promote matrix production, the CK8-positive subpopulation could have important implications for activity and survival of the nucleus pulposus, and should be considered in development of cell therapies for disc repair. In addition, the finding of differential expression of proteins in the cell population of nucleus pulposus has implications with regard to the search for specific markers. Introduction Low back pain constitutes a major health problem and a huge economic burden [1]. It is highly associated with degeneration of the intervertebral disc [2]. The earliest degenerative changes are seen in the central region of the disc, the nucleus pulposus (NP) [3], and are characterized initially by loss of proteoglycans …
Locked Up and Locked Out: An Educational Perspective on the U.S. Prison Population. Policy Information Report.

The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the offi cers and trustees of Educational Testing Service. 2 In this important and sobering report, Richard J. Coley and Paul E. Barton provide a broad perspective on the U.S. prison population and offer judgments about the status of prison education programs. The prison education enterprise is perhaps more important now than ever, as the prison population surges and evidence accumulates about the effectiveness of prison education programs on recidivism. Yet this population continues to be under-educated, with most prisoners having less than a high school education. Ever-larger numbers of ex-prisoners are returning to their communities poorly prepared to re-enter the workforce and, as a result, to support themselves and their families, or to form families and rear children. It is a formula for disaster — for more crime, more recidivism, and greater cost to society. In the face of this demonstrated need, we should be alarmed that we are losing ground in the prison education enterprise; investment in correctional education programs is not keeping pace with the exploding population of prisoners. Coley and Barton issue a challenge for society to support this important investment and to acknowledge the plight of prisoners' children — children whose chances of following in their parents' footsteps are high, unless we have the will to break the cycle. Preface The authors wish to thank the following individuals for their help with this report.tional Education Association. In addition to providing feedback on the report, the reviewers provided valuable guidance on the data that are available to address this topic. The report was edited by Janet Levy and proofread by Alex Dering. Marita Gray was the photographer and designer for the cover. Christina Guzikowski provided layout. Errors of fact or interpretation are those of the authors. Acknowledgments 3 Highlights This report brings together data and information from a variety of sources to provide an educational perspective on the nation's prison population. It examines the size and nature of that population and provides information on trends when possible. The report also describes the limited information that is available on the prison education enterprise and summarizes what is known about the effects of education and training on recidivism. Finally, it provides a perspective on the children whose development and lives are negatively affected by incarceration and on the …
Real-time recognition with the entire Brodatz texture database

The Brodatz Album has become the de facto standard for evaluating texture algorithms, with hundreds of studies having been applied to small sets of its images. The authors compare two powerful recognition algorithms, principal components analysis and multiscale autoregressive models, by evaluating them on a 999-image database derived from the entire Brodatz Album. The variety of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous images studied is thus nearly an order of magnitude larger than has been compared before, giving one snapshot of the state of the art in real-time texture recognition. <<ETX>>
WASD Algorithm with Pruning-While-Growing and Twice-Pruning Techniques for Multi-Input Euler Polynomial Neural Network

Differing from the conventional back-propagation (BP) neural networks, a novel multi-input Euler polynomial neural network, in short, MIEPNN (specifically, 4-input Euler polynomial neural network, 4IEPNN) is established and investigated in this paper. In order to achieve satisfactory performance of the established MIEPNN, a weights and structure determination (WASD) algorithm with pruning-while-growing (PWG) and twice-pruning (TP) techniques is built up for the established MIEPNN. By employing the weights direct determination (WDD) method, the WASD algorithm not only determines the optimal connecting weights between hidden layer and output layer directly, but also obtains the optimal number of hidden-layer neurons. Specifically, a sub-optimal structure is obtained via the PWG technique, then the redundant hidden-layer neurons are further pruned via the TP technique. Consequently, the optimal structure of the MIEPNN is obtained. To provide a reasonable choice in practice, several different MATLAB computing routines related to the WDD method are studied. Comparative numerical-experiment results of the 4IEPNN using these different MATLAB computing routines and the standard multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network further verify the superior performance and efficacy of the proposed MIEPNN equipped with the WASD algorithm including PWG and TP techniques in terms of training, testing and predicting.
Engineering Escherichia coli for Microbial Production of Butanone

ABSTRACT To expand the chemical and molecular diversity of biotransformation using whole-cell biocatalysts, we genetically engineered a pathway in Escherichia coli for heterologous production of butanone, an important commodity ketone. First, a 1-propanol-producing E. coli host strain with its sleeping beauty mutase (Sbm) operon being activated was used to increase the pool of propionyl-coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA). Subsequently, molecular heterofusion of propionyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA was conducted to yield 3-ketovaleryl-CoA via a CoA-dependent elongation pathway. Lastly, 3-ketovaleryl-CoA was channeled into the clostridial acetone formation pathway for thioester hydrolysis and subsequent decarboxylation to form butanone. Biochemical, genetic, and metabolic factors affecting relative levels of ketogenesis, acidogenesis, and alcohologenesis under selected fermentative culture conditions were investigated. Using the engineered E. coli strain for batch cultivation with 30 g liter−1 glycerol as the carbon source, we achieved coproduction of 1.3 g liter−1 butanone and 2.9 g liter−1 acetone. The results suggest that approximately 42% of spent glycerol was utilized for ketone biosynthesis, and thus they demonstrate potential industrial applicability of this microbial platform.
Characteristics of Contemporary U.S. Progressive Middle Schools

Follow this and additional works at: http://aura.antioch. edu/etds Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons, Educational Methods Commons, Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching Commons, Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, and the Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons
When Does Start-Up Innovation Spur the Gale of Creative Destruction?

This paper is motivated by the substantial differences in start-up commercialization strategies observed across different high-technology sectors. Specifically, we evaluate the conditions under which start-up innovators earn their returns on innovation through product market competition with more established firms (such as in many areas of the electronics industry) as opposed to cooperation with these incumbents (either through licensing, strategic alliances or outright acquisition as observed in the pharmaceutical industry). While the former strategy challenges incumbent market power, the latter strategy tends to reinforce current market structure. Though the benefits of cooperation include forestalling the costs of competition in the product market and avoiding duplicative investment in sunk assets, imperfections in the market for ideas' may lead to competitive behavior in the product market. Specifically, if the transaction costs of bargaining are high or incumbents are likely to expropriate ideas from start-up innovators, then product market competition is more likely. We test these ideas using a novel dataset of the commercialization strategies of over 100 start-up innovators. Our principal robust findings are that the probability of cooperation is increasing in the innovator's control over intellectual property rights, association with venture capitalists (which reduce their transactional bargaining costs), and in the relative cost of control of specialized complementary assets. Our conclusion is that the propensity for pro-competitive benefits from start-up innovators reflects an earlier market failure, in the market for ideas. '
Evaluation of biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofiber membrane crosslinked with genipin.

Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has demonstrated potential as a degradable biocompatible guided bone regeneration membrane. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofiber membranes, with and without genipin crosslinking as compared with a commercial collagen membrane in rat model. Chitosan nanofiber membranes, with and without genipin crosslinking, and collagen membrane (control) were implanted subcutaneously in the backs of 30 rats. The membranes were analyzed histologically at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. Sections were viewed and graded by a blinded pathologist using a 4-point scoring system (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe) to determine the tissue reaction to the membranes and to observe membrane degradation. There was no statistically significant difference in histological scores among chitosan and collagen membranes at different time points. Absence or minimal inflammation was observed in 57-74% of the membranes across all groups. Most chitosan membranes persisted for 16-20 weeks, whereas most collagen membranes disappeared by resorption at 12-16 weeks. The general tissue response to chitosan nanofiber membranes with and without genipin crosslinking, was similar to that of control commercial collagen membrane. However, the chitosan membranes exhibited slower degradation rates than collagen membranes.
Methionine Mutations of Outer Membrane Protein X Influence Structural Stability and Beta-Barrel Unfolding

We report the biochemical and biophysical characterization of outer membrane protein X (OmpX), an eight-stranded transmembrane β-barrel from E. coli, and compare the barrel behavior with a mutant devoid of methionine residues. Transmembrane outer membrane proteins of bacterial origin are known to display high tolerance to sequence rearrangements and mutations. Our studies with the triple mutant of OmpX that is devoid of all internal methionine residues (M18L; M21L; M118L) indicate that Met replacement has no influence on the refolding efficiency and structural characteristics of the protein. Surprisingly, the conserved substitution of Met→Leu leads to barrel destabilization and causes a lowering of the unfolding free energy by a factor of ∼8.5 kJ/mol, despite the mutations occurring at the loop regions. We report that the barrel destabilization is accompanied by a loss in cooperativity of unfolding in the presence of chemical denaturants. Furthermore, we are able to detect an unfolding intermediate in the Met-less barrel, whereas the parent protein exhibits a classic two-state unfolding. Thermal denaturation measurements also suggest a greater susceptibility of the OmpX barrel to heat, in the Met-less construct. Our studies reveal that even subtle variations in the extra-membrane region of rigid barrel structures such as OmpX, may bear severe implications on barrel stability. We propose that methionines contribute to efficient barrel structuring and protein-lipid interactions, and are therefore important elements of OmpX stability.
The Meaning of ‘Theory’*

‘Theory’ is one of the most important words in the lexicon of contemporary sociology. Yet, their ubiquity notwithstanding, it is quite unclear what sociologists mean by the words ‘theory,’ ‘theoretical,’ and ‘theorize. ’ I argue that confusions about the meaning of ‘theory’ have brought about undesirable consequences, including conceptual muddles and even downright miscommunication. In this paper I tackle two questions: (a) what does ‘theory’ mean in the sociological language? ; and (b) what ought ‘theory’ to mean in the sociological language? I proceed in five stages. First, I explain why one should ask a semantic question about ‘theory. ’ Second, I lexicographically identify seven different senses of the word, which I distinguish by means of subscripts. Third, I show some difficulties that the current lack of semantic clarity has led sociology to. Fourth, I articulate the question, ‘what ought “theory” to mean? ,’ which I dub the ‘semantic predicament’ (SP), and I consider what one can learn about it from the theory literature. Fifth, I recommend a semantic therapy‘ for sociology, and advance two arguments about SP: (a) the principle of practical reason—SP is to a large extent a political issue, which should be addressed with the help of political mechanisms; and (b) the principle of ontological and epistemological pluralism—the solution to SP should not be too ontologically and epistemologically demanding.