Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
External Urethral Sphincter Activity during Micturition in the Adult Female Rat before and after Spinal Cord Injury

and overview The goal of this part of the study was to determine the effect of chronic mid-thoracic spinal cord transection on the time course of EUS and bladder activity associated with micturition events in the rat. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats, either spinally intact or transected (T9 –T10), were anesthetized with urethane and set up for continuous flow urodynamic recording of BP and EUS EMG. Spinal transections were performed under isoflurane anesthesia 1 – 8 weeks prior to the terminal experiment. Four major differences between intact and transected rats were observed: 1) the frequency of micturition events in intact rats was dependent upon the rate of bladder filling while the bladder contraction and associated EUS activation in transected rats exhibited an intrinsic rhythm that was independent of the rate of bladder filling and post-transection survival time, 2) EUS activation was augmented at the beginning of active bladder contraction in the transected rat, indicating an amplified guarding reflex, 3) phasic EUS activity at the peak of bladder contraction (EUS bursting) in the intact rat was markedly reduced or absent in the transected rat, and 4) the sustained tonic EUS activity following bladder relaxation in the intact rat was absent in the transected rat. These results are discussed in the context of understanding the pathophysiology of SCI-induced DSD.
Staking the Progressive Centre: An Ideational Analysis of Manitoba Party Politics

Traditional accounts treat the evolution of Manitoba's political party system as the product of three confluent forces: region, class, and ethnicity. Observers cite divisions between rural and urban, north and south, British and non-British, and owners, farmers, and workers as the principal cleavages around which parties have built their support. According to this conventional wisdom, the party assembling the largest socio-demographic coalition achieves the greatest level of success. This study supplements these existing accounts by revealing the importance of party ideology in forging these alliances. As demonstrated through an analysis of campaign literature dating back to 1958, the key to success in Manitoba party politics lies in crafting moderate platforms that eschew the extremes of left and right. By emphasizing "progress" and pursuing a middle-of-the-road path, leading politicians—like Duff Roblin, Edward Schreyer, and Gary Doer—have enabled their parties to reach across the socio-demographic divisions that mark the province's political community. These findings suggest the "progressive centre" is the fertile middle ground of Manitoba party politics.
Nonclassical CD4+CD49b+ Regulatory T Cells as a Better Alternative to Conventional CD4+CD25+ T Cells To Dampen Arthritis Severity

Promising immunotherapeutic strategies are emerging to restore tolerance in autoimmune diseases by triggering an increase in the number and/or the function of endogenous regulatory T (Treg) cells, which actively control pathological immune responses. Evidence suggests a remarkable heterogeneity in peripheral Treg cells that warrants their better characterization in terms of phenotype and suppressive function, to determine which subset may be optimally suitable for a given clinical situation. We found that repetitive injections of immature dendritic cells expanded Foxp3-negative CD49b+ Treg cells that displayed an effector memory phenotype. These expanded Treg cells were isolated ex vivo for transcriptome analysis and found to contain multiple transcripts of the canonical Treg signature shared mainly by CD25+ but also by other subphenotypes. We characterized the CD49b+ Treg cell phenotype, underscoring its similarities with the CD25+ Treg cell phenotype and highlighting some differential expression patterns for several markers, including lymphocyte activation gene 3, KLRG1, CD103, ICOS, CTLA-4, and granzyme B. Comparison of the CD25+ and CD49b+ Treg cells' suppressive mechanisms, in vitro and in vivo, revealed the latter's potent suppressive activity, which was partly dependent on IL-10 secretion. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that expression of several canonical Treg cell markers and suppressive function could be Foxp3 independent, and underscore the therapeutic potential of IL-10–secreting CD49b+ Treg cells in arthritis.
Muslim bloggers in Germany: an emerging counterpublic

The Muslim minority in Germany has been historically misrepresented in and excluded from the mainstream public sphere. In response, some Muslims in Germany have turned to blogs as an alternative space to challenge the dominant public discourse through varied discursive practices. In this study, we examine these practices through 28 in-depth interviews with Muslim bloggers in Germany. Applying Nancy Fraser’s theory of counterpublics, we posit that this group, which seeks to challenge mainstream representations and offer oppositional counter-discourses, represents an emerging counterpublic.
TEAM LEADERS’ EXPERIENCES WITH RECEIVING POSITIVE FEEDBACK

The study focused on team leaders’ experiences with receiving positive feedback in an organization. The purpose was to understand how employees without a formal managerial position interpret receiving positive feedback. There are multiple studies regarding feedback in work communities, but not from the experiential perspective of team leaders. The research material was collected by interviewing seven team leaders who worked in a public organization. The research methodology applied and methods used were based on an existential-phenomenological approach. The empirical results consist of seven variants of received positive feedback as experienced by team leaders. Although the variants indicate that receiving positive feedback has favourable effects on team leaders, the effects are conditional. A favourable effect might be realized only if the team leader trusts the feedback giver or if the feedback is experienced to be truly earned. Furthermore, mental closeness with both managers and co-workers improves the perceived reliability of the received positive feedback. The results are similar to previous feedback research with one notable exception. Based on this study, job performance is not related to the received positive feedback as previous research has concluded. Results indicate that positive feedback has many favourable effects but they are mediated by the features of a feedback incident. The existential-phenomenological approach is helpful in understanding a feedback situation as a relation between the experiential worker receiving feedback and the actual work setting including the given feedback. KEY WORDS: team leader, positive feedback, work community, existential-phenomenological approach, phenomenological method, experience.
On pressure and velocity boundary conditions for the lattice Boltzmann BGK model

Pressure ~density! and velocity boundary conditions are studied for 2-D and 3-D lattice Boltzmann BGK models ~LBGK! and a new method to specify these conditions is proposed. These conditions are constructed in consistency with the wall boundary condition, based on the idea of bounceback of the non-equilibrium distribution. When these conditions are used together with the incompressible LBGK model @J. Stat. Phys. 81 ,3 5 ~1995! # the simulation results recover the analytical solution of the plane Poiseuille flow driven by a pressure ~density! difference. The half-way wall bounceback boundary condition is also used with the pressure ~density! inlet/outlet conditions proposed in this paper and in Phys. Fluids 8, 2527 ~1996! to study 2-D Poiseuille flow and 3-D square duct flow. The numerical results are approximately second-order accurate. The magnitude of the error of the half-way wall bounceback boundary condition is comparable with that of other published boundary conditions and it has better stability behavior. © 1997 American Institute of Physics. @S1070-6631~97! 03406-5#
Effects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Ventricular Repolarization in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

Introduction: Biventricular pacing has been shown to improve the clinical status of patients with congestive heart failure, but little is known about its influence on ventricular repolarization. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of biventricular pacing on ECG markers of ventricular repolarization in patients with congestive heart failure.
Role of interspecies interactions in dual-species biofilms developed in vitro by uropathogens isolated from polymicrobial urinary catheter-associated bacteriuria

Abstract Most catheter-associated urinary tract infections are polymicrobial. Here, uropathogen interactions in dual-species biofilms were studied. The dual-species associations selected based on their prevalence in clinical settings were Klebsiella pneumoniae–Escherichia coli, E. coli–Enterococcus faecalis, K. pneumoniae–E. faecalis, and K. pneumoniae–Proteus mirabilis. All species developed single-species biofilms in artificial urine. The ability of K. pneumoniae to form biofilms was not affected by E. coli or E. faecalis co-inoculation, but was impaired by P. mirabilis. Conversely, P. mirabilis established a biofilm when co-inoculated with K. pneumoniae. Additionally, E. coli persistence in biofilms was hampered by K. pneumoniae but not by E. faecalis. Interestingly, E. coli, but not K. pneumoniae, partially inhibited E. faecalis attachment to the surface and retarded biofilm development. The findings reveal bacterial interactions between uropathogens in dual-species biofilms ranged from affecting initial adhesion to outcompeting one bacterial species, depending on the identity of the partners involved.
The level of loneliness, hopelessness and self-esteem in major thalassemia adolescents

Bakground and Objectives Beta-thalassemia major is the most prevalent genetic blood disorder in Iran. Several studies showed that chronic diseases have a negative impact on self-esteem, social and interpersonal relationships, and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of loneliness, hopelessness, and self-esteem in thalassemic adolescents. Materials and Methods In this descriptive cross sectional study, 100 thalassemic patients participated through 2010. They were selected by convenience sampling from the Center for Special Diseases. The data were collected by self report. The instruments used in this study included the sampling and demographic data form, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Coopersmith Self-esteem Scale, and Loneliness Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 14 software and using descriptive statistics, ttest, ANOVA, and coefficient Pearson correlation. Results The findings indicated that the mean score of hopelessness was 6.12 ± 3.83, loneliness 41.66 ± 5.12, and self-esteem 100.86 ± 14.04; 59% of thalassemic patients had low hopelessness, 51% moderate loneliness, and 55% moderate self esteem. There was a statistical significant correlation between the score of hopelessness and self-esteem (p=0.027), but there were not any statistical significant correlations between hopelessness and loneliness and between selfesteem and loneliness. Conclusions The results showed that thalassemia had a negative influence on the psychosocial aspects of adolescents' life. Knowledge of the mechanisms and strategies to prevent psychosocial disorders and promote mental health of thalassemic patients is necessary. Nurses by assessing psychosocial needs, providing necessary psychosocial support, and making appropriate intervention can help promote mental health of thalassemic patients.
THE EFFECTS OF INCLUSIONARY PROGRAMS ON THE SELF- CONCEPT OF LEARNING DISABLED STUDENTS

_______ Wieman Carol J._____ (Write) (Last) (First) (Initial) _The Effects of Inclusionary Programs on the Self-Concept of________ (Title) ________________Learning Disabled Students_____________________ MS in Education Dr. Ed Biggerstaff August, 2001 _ 43____ (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) _____________American Psychological Association_________________ (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the self-concept of middle school learning disabled students and inclusionary programming. The sample group (n=18) were middle school students grades 5-8 from a rural Wisconsin town. The Piers-Harris SelfConcept Scale was used to measure self-reported Total self-concept and the following cluster scales: Behavioral, Intellectual and School Status, Physical Appearance and Attributes, Anxiety, Popularity, and Happiness and Satisfaction. Individual education plans were studied to determine the amount of time (FTE) each student participated in inclusionary programs over a three year period. The null hypothesis stated that there would be no significant correlation between learning disabled students' self-concept, as reported on the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale Total and cluster scales, and the amount of time they participated in inclusionary programs. At the . 05 level of significance the null hypotheses was rejected. The null hypothesis was accepted on six out of the seven areas measured. There was no statistical significance when comparing the amount of time LD students spent in inclusion programs and their selfreported self-concept in the following areas: Total self-concept, Behavior, Intellectual and School Status, Anxiety, Popularity, Happiness and Satisfaction. The null hypothesis was rejected on the cluster scale which measured the relationship between Physical Appearance and Attributes self-concept and inclusion.
Graft and Patient Survival Outcomes of a Third Kidney Transplant

Background The waiting time for deceased donor renal transplantation in the United States continues to grow. Retransplant candidates make up a small but growing percentage of the overall transplant waiting list and raise questions about the stewardship of scarce resources. The utility of renal transplantation among individuals with two prior renal transplants is not described in the literature, and we thus sought to determine the survival benefit associated with a third kidney transplant (3KT). Methods Multivariable Cox regression models were created to determine characteristics associated with 3KT outcomes and the survival benefit of 3KT among recipients wait listed and transplanted within the United States between 1995 and 2009. Results A total of 4,334 patients were waitlisted for a 3KT and 2,492 patients received a 3KT. In a multivariate analysis, 3KT demonstrated an overall patient survival benefit compared to the waitlist (hazards ratio, 0.379; 95% confidence interval, 0.302-0.475; P < 0.001) for those awaiting their first, second, or third kidney transplants, although an inferior graft outcome compared to first kidney transplants. The time to survival benefit did not accrue until 8 months after transplantation. In addition, we found that the duration of second graft survival was predictive of third graft survival, such that second graft survival beyond 5 years is associated with superior 3KT graft survival. Second graft loss in 30 days or less was not associated with inferior 3KT graft survival. Conclusion A 3KT achieves a survival benefit over remaining on the waitlist, although is associated with inferior graft outcomes compared to first kidney transplants. Graft survival of the second transplant beyond 5 years is associated with superior 3KT graft survival.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia: a study of 3492 patients.

OBJECTIVES Spinal anesthesia (SA) for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is only contemplated in patients where general anesthesia (GA) is contraindicated. In this paper, we present our experience of over 12 years of performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, primarily under spinal anesthesia. METHODS Over the last 12 years, LC was done under SA in 3492 patients. There was no modifications in technique, as compared to the same procedure done under GA. The intra-abdominal pressure was kept at 8-10 mm Hg. Sedation was given, if required, and conversion to GA was done in patients not responding to sedation or with failure of SA. RESULTS were compared with those of 538 patients undergoing LC under GA. RESULTS Eighteen (0.52%) patients required a conversion to GA. Hypotension requiring support was recorded in 700 (20.05%) patients, and 429 (12.29%) patients experienced neck and/or shoulder pain. Overall, 2.29% (80) patients had vomiting in the postoperative period, as compared to 30.30% (163 patients) in patients administered GA. In total, 34.36% (1200) patients required injectable diclofenac for their abdominal pain within 2 hours postoperatively after SA, and oral analgesic was required in 2150 (61.57%) patients within the first 24 hours. On the other hand, 91.45% patients operated on under GA required injectable analgesics in the immediate postoperative period. Postural headache persisting for an average of 2.6 days was seen in 206 (5.9%) patients in the postoperative period after SA. There was no difference in operative parameters between the two groups, with 88.95% patients requiring only three ports under SA, as compared to 89.41% in the GA group. Operative time, too, was not much different. Postoperatively, biliary leak was seen in 0.60% patients, as compared to 0.93% in the GA group. Average time to discharge was almost similar in both the groups. Kernofsky's performance status showed a 98.6% satisfaction level in patients. CONCLUSIONS LC done under spinal anesthesia does not require any change in technique and, at the same time, has a number of advantages, as compared to general anesthesia, and should be the anesthesia of choice.
STOKESIAN DYNAMICS

Particles suspended or dispersed in a fluid medium occur in a wide variety of natural and man-made s ttings, e.g. slurries, composite materials, ceramics, colloids, polymers, proteins, etc. The central theoretical and practical problem is to understand and predict the macroscopic equilibrium and transport properties of these multiphase materials from their microstructural mechanics. The macroscopic properties might be the sedimentation or aggregation rate, self-diffusion coefficient, thermal conductivity, or rheology of a suspension of particles. The microstructural mechanics entails the Brownian, interparticle, external, and hydrodynamic forces acting on the particles, as well as their spatial and temporal distribution, which is commonly referred to as the microstructure. If the distribution of particles were given, as well as the location and motion of any boundaries and the physical properties of the particles and suspending fluid, one would simply have to solve (in principle, not necessarily in practice) a well-posed boundary-value problem to determine the behavior of the material. Averaging this solution over a large volume or over many different configurations, the macroscopic or averaged properties could be determined. The two key steps in this approach, the solution of the manybody problem and the determination of the microstructure, are formidable but essential tasks for understanding suspension behavior. This article discusses a new, molecular-dynamics-like approach, which
Dual Nationality and Transnational Politics

This article focuses on two migrant groups in the Netherlands, one in which the majority is naturalised (Surinamese) and one in which the majority has dual nationality (Turks and Kurdish-Turks). It explores the impact of home and host states’ citizenship regimes on: (1) the citizenship choices of individual migrants; (2) their (trans)national political participation; and (3) the transnational political participation of homeland-based non-state actors such as (return) migrant organisations and political parties. I conclude that transnational political orientations are often responses to exclusionary citizenship regimes in sending countries, which deserve greater attention in studies of migrant transnationalism than they have hitherto received.
Sources of Heterogeneity in Trials Reporting Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 or 0.42 Associated Excess Mortality in Septic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression

Background:This meta-analysis was to determine the association of the cumulative dose of 130/0.4 or 0.42 (hydroxyethyl starch [HES] 130/0.4*) or delta daily fluid balance (i.e., daily fluid balance in HES group over or below control group) with the heterogeneity of risk ratio (RR) for mortality in randomized control trials (RCTs). Methods:Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane) were searched to identify prospective RCTs reporting mortality in adult patients with sepsis to compare HES130/0.4* with crystalloids or albumin. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects. Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were used to examine the heterogeneity sources of RR for mortality. Results:A total number of 4408 patients from 11 RCTs were included. The pooled RR showed no significant difference for overall mortality in patients with administration of HES130/0.4* compared with treatment of control fluids (RR: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.90–1.17; P = 0.73). Heterogeneity was moderate across recruited trials (I2 = 34%, P = 0.13). But, a significant variation was demonstrated in subgroup with crystalloids as control fluids (I2= 42%, P < 0.1). Sensitivity analysis revealed that trials with high risk of bias did not significantly impact the pooled estimates for mortality. Meta-regression analysis also did not determine a dose-effect relationship of HES130/0.4* with mortality (P = 0.298), but suggested daily delta fluid balance being likely associated with mortality in septic patients receiving HES130/130/0.4* (P = 0.079). Conclusions:Inappropriate daily positive fluid balance was likely an important source of heterogeneity in these trials reporting HES130/0.4* associated with excess mortality in septic patients.
Actual/ideal body images of high school girls and how it affects their self-esteem : implications for educational and clinical institutions

Given that adolescence is a critical period for the development of a positive self-concept and body image, it is imperative that educators have an understanding of adolescent students' body image and their dieting practises and behaviours. Negative body image is an issue that is rife within the adolescent student population in Australia and around the world, and is a factor that is commonly associated with and linked to disturbed eating behaviours and chronic eating disorders like Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Despite the intuitive appeal and importance of investigating adolescents' body image in terms of what adolescents would like to look like and what they think that they look like now, very little research has investigated these concepts. Furthermore, very little research has explored whether there is a difference between these two constructs how this may affect adolescents' self-esteem. This study therefore aimed to explore the actual and ideal body images of adolescent high school girls aged between 12 and 18 years in two samples of adolescents, one with eating disorders (n=76, clinical sample) and one without (n=823 high school sample). Additionally, this study investigates these constructs in relation to self-esteem levels. The results of this study have important implications for educators and clinicians within educational and clinical settings.