Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Values of Public Relations: Effects on Organization-Public Relationships Mediating Conflict Resolution

This article identified two important measures of public relations effects i.e., organization-public relationships and conflict resolution, and investigated how they functionally related to public relations strategies. The research hypothesis posited that the effect of public relations strategies on conflict resolution was mediated by organization-public relationships. Two survey data sets were used and incorporated to derive possible answers for the proposed research hypothesis and research question. The 1st data set (n = 301) was used as a starting point for investigating the complex relationships among variables. The 2nd data set (n = 235) was tested, and replication procedures were adopted to further cross-validate the results obtained from the 1st study. The results supported the research hypothesis positing that the effect of public relations on conflict resolution is mediated by organization-public relationships. Theoretically, this study makes evident the values of public relations in terms of relationship management and conflict resolution. On a pragmatic level, the results of this study may serve to benefit public relations practitioners interested in generating favorable relationships and resolving conflict with their publics in general, and conducting international business in Far Eastern countries in particular.
Sex Bias in Educational Software: The Effect of Designers' Stereotypes on the Software They Design1

Why is the computer more alluring to boys than it is to girls? One answer to this question is drawn from a social psychological model of human interaction. Social psychological research indicates that the expectations an individual has about another person can shape his or her interaction with that person. We hypothesized that, in a similar manner, the expectations software designers hold about the users of the software they design are central in determining the way the software they design interacts with the user. In order to test this notion, we had 43 educators with programming experience design software for either boys, girls, or students, and found that programs for girls were classifiable as “learning tools” while programs for both boys and students were most like “games. ” These differences occur as a function of the designers’ expectations of the characteristics of potential users of the program, and result in sex stereotyped software. We conclude that it is not the computer, or even the software, that is at the root of the sex bias in software, but the expectations and stereotypes of the designers of the software.
On the importance of motion invertibility in MCTF/DWT video coding

Motion-compensated temporal filtering implemented using lifting is an effective and efficient temporal decomposition tool that facilitates video compression competitive with the current standards. As recently shown, however, in order that a lifting-based motion-compensated discrete wavelet transform indeed implements the intended filtering along motion trajectories, motion transformation must be invertible and motion composition between frames must be well-defined. A departure from these conditions results in the application of sub-optimal subband decomposition filters which, in turn, degrades coding performance, even if prediction-step energy is minimized during motion estimation. We study the impact of motion field invertibility error on the coding performance of an MCTF/DWT video coder. We propose two new motion field inversion methods and compare them to previously reported inversion techniques. We also compare coding results for all inversion algorithms with those of coding based on triangular meshes that are inherently invertible. Our results show that a significant improvement in coding performance is possible with more accurate motion field inversion.
Attitudes Towards English in the Basque Autonomous Community

The learning of more than two languages in the school context is becoming very common-place all over Europe, especially in the many places where a minority language is spoken. The situation of the Basque educational system is a very good case in point, as, apart from Basque and Spanish, English is also learnt at school. This study examines the attitudes of 1,097 university students towards the aforementioned three languages, using Baker's (1992) questionnaire on attitudes as the main instrument of the survey. In a previous study carried out with a smaller sample (133 students) in which the majority were Basque Philology degree students, it was observed that the participants' L1 had a clear impact on their attitudes. In fact, those students who had Basque as their L1 viewed the two international languages (Spanish and English) less favourably. In the case of the present sample, it was expected that students would not show such a negative attitude, as the range of degree courses being followed is much wider. Because the Basque language does not form the central core of the participants' studies, their attitudes towards Spanish and English will be more positive and farther from what Baker calls a bunker attitude.
Cognitive Status Correlates with CXCL10/IP-10 Levels in Parkinson's Disease

Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms are of great interest in Parkinson's disease (PD), since they are very common and lead to increased disability with poor quality of life. Inflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in PD and its nonmotor symptoms. In the current pilot study, we aimed to evaluate plasma levels of chemokines in PD patients and to analyze the putative association of chemokines with depressive symptoms and cognitive performance. We hypothesized that higher chemokines levels are associated with worse cognitive performance and increased depressive symptoms in PD. For this purpose, 40 PD patients and 25 age- and gender-matched controls were subjected to a clinical evaluation including cognitive and mood tests. Peripheral blood was drawn and plasma levels of CCL2/MCP-1, CCL11/eotaxin, CCL24/eotaxin-2, and CXCL10/IP-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PD patients and control individuals presented comparable plasma concentrations of all the evaluated chemokines. In PD patients, CXCL10/IP-10 plasma levels correlated positively with Hoehn and Yahr staging scale. In addition, the higher CXCL10/IP-10 levels, the worse performance on cognitive tests. Although there was no significant difference between PD patients and control individuals regarding chemokines levels, our preliminary results showed that CXCL10/IP-10 may be associated with cognitive status in PD.
Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cerebral blood flow with acetazolamide challenge in patients with cerebrovascular stenosis

To evaluate the utility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in conjunction with pharmacologic flow augmentation, the authors imaged 14 patients with ischemic symptoms referable to large artery cerebrovascular stenosis of the anterior circulation. CBF was measured by using continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) both at rest and 10 minutes after 1 g intravenous acetazolamide on a commercial 1.5 Tesla scanner. Quantitative CBF images were calculated along with augmentation images showing the effects of acetazolamide. Interpretable studies were obtained from all patients. Based on the image data as well as a region of interest analysis of CBF changes in middle cerebral artery distributions, varying patterns of augmentation were observed that suggested differing mechanisms of ischemic symptomatology. The ability to obtain this information in conjunction with a structural MRI examination extends the diagnostic potential for MRI in cerebrovascular disease and allows the value of augmentation testing in clinical management to be assessed more widely. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:870–875. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giving to the Giver: Can Charities Use Premium Incentives to Stimulate Donations?

SUMMARY A projective role-playing research technique was applied that simulated 3 situations wherein a hypothetical person was presented with an incentive to donate to a charity. Participants were then asked (i) to state what they believed this hypothetical person should do, and (ii) to complete a questionnaire concerning some of their personal characteristics and tendencies (e.g., deal proneness, relationship proneness, need for social recognition, and personal involvement with the act of giving to charity). A multinomial logistic regression analysis was completed to predict the participants' responses on the basis of the abovementioned personality traits plus certain other variables.
Max Gluckman and the making of Israeli anthropology

In the history of anthropology, charismatic individuals have often played a major role in the creation and institutionalization of the discipline. Although current Israeli anthropology has been greatly influenced by contemporary theoretical trends and professional genres, one can still observe the impact of Max Gluckman's Manchester School project of the 1960s and 1970s. The paper will examine the success and failure of this research endeavor, which sought to reveal the process of community and nation-building in the aftermath of mass immigration from Europe and the Middle East. The paper will also discuss the existing professional scene and the social constraints that influenced the development of anthropology in Israeli academia before and after the Manchester project.
Children and parental divorce: The meaning of small effects

Abstract Rodgers (1996) presents a critique of Australian studies of children of divorce, including our own research. He argues that the small and often nonsignificant effects usually reported should not be disregarded, because even small disadvantages are serious when they apply to a large group. He argues further that the effect sizes found in the Australian studies are similar to those of US studies, which commonly do report significant findings; the difference is that the US studies usually have larger samples and thus greater power. As a corollary, the Australian studies would have had similarly significant results had they used equally large samples. We present an analysis of the effect sizes we obtained for five independent variables (divorce, gender, father-child relations, mother-child relations, and father's occupation) on three outcome variables (anxiety, depression, self-concept). Compared to the effects of the other four predictors, the effects of divorce were very weak, and in the case of an.
Socialisation into organised sports of young adolescents with a lower socio-economic status

Studies investigating sport socialisation often focussed on the barriers for youngsters from lower socio-economic status (SES) families to participate in sport. In the present study, the socialisation into sports of young adolescents from lower SES families that do participate in organised sports was investigated. A total of 9 girls and 12 boys from lower SES families (18 Dutch; three foreign ethnic background) from one city in the Netherlands who participated in organised sport were interviewed. Although multiple agents may be of influence on the socialisation process, this study was limited to the family, school and peers as potential socialising contexts. Drawing on the theoretical work of Bourdieu and Bernstein, parents were found to be the main influencers of the sports habitus of these young adolescents. The school context appeared to have no influence on their sport socialisation. Peers were found to have an influence on the choice for a specific type of sport. This interplay between socialising contexts for young adolescents from lower SES families is similar to the sport socialisation of youngsters from higher SES families. Therefore, it is suggested that if sport socialisation takes place, then the role of SES is less pronounced than often assumed. Moreover, there seem to be differences in the relative importance of the socialising contexts with younger children with a lower SES. Therefore, it is hypothesised that the relative importance of socialising agents changes over time. Although the findings may be limited to the specific sample of this study, they provide hypotheses that challenge the often-presumed importance of SES if sport socialisation takes place.
The Mediational Role of Effortful Control and Emotional Dysregulation in the Link Between Maternal Responsiveness and Turkish Preschoolers' Social Competency and Externalizing Symptoms

This cross-sectional study relied on circumscribed measures of emotion regulation and dysregulation to examine their role in mediating the associations of maternal responsiveness and effortful control with social competency and externalizing symptoms. We examined those associations in an understudied cultural context, Turkey, with 118 preschoolers. Emotion regulation and dysregulation showed differential associations with broad indices of self-regulation such that emotion dysregulation predicted both low social competency and high externalizing symptoms but emotion regulation was only associated with high social competency. Effortful control was unrelated to emotion regulation but was associated with lower levels of emotion dysregulation. Effortful control had both direct and mediated associations with externalizing and social competency (mediated by lower emotion dysregulation). Findings also showed that maternal responsiveness was associated with better social competency and lower externalizing. Those associations were both singly (through effortful control) and doubly mediated (through effortful control and lower emotion dysregulation), similar to US samples. The study contributes to a better understanding of the factors and mechanisms that speak to children's self-regulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contingent versus incidental context processing during conditioning: Dissociation after excitotoxic hippocampal plus dentate gyrus lesions

This experiment explored whether excitotoxic hippocampus plus dentate gyrus (HPC/DG) lesions in rats would dissociate the differential processing of contextual cues during the performance of learned associations when (1) their processing during training is incidental to successful learning or (2) the solution of a discrimination problem is contingent on their processing. A series of training stages were conducted, beginning with appetitive conditioning to two stimuli (X and Y), each of which was trained in one of two different contexts (operant chambers A and B) (i.e., AX+, BY+). Conditioning was indexed as appetitive responding. The animals were then trained on a biconditional contextual discrimination with these same stimuli (AX+, AY−; BY+, BX−). The next stage involved conditioning trials to two new stimuli (W and Z), one in each context, while the animals were actively discriminating contexts A and B by continuing to perform the original biconditional discrimination (AX+, AY−, AW+; BY+, BX−, BZ+). Finally, they were trained on a second biconditional discrimination involving these new stimuli (AX+, AY−, AW+, AZ−; BY+, BX−, BZ+, BW−). The incidental use of context cues was examined by looking at the rate of conditioned responding to cues X, Y, W, and Z in their original training contexts or a different context; HPC/DG lesioned rats differed from controls in being unaffected by a change of context. The contingent use of context cues was examined by looking at performance of each of the two biconditional tasks; HPC/DG lesioned rats reached levels of conditional performance indistinguishable from those of controls. These findings point to two distinct ways in which contextual information is processed in the brain, revealing a dissociation between incidental and contingent processing of contextual cues after HPC/DG lesions. Hippocampus 1998;8:147–159. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Centrosome-autonomous Signal That Involves Centriole Disengagement Permits Centrosome Duplication in G2 Phase after DNA Damage

How centrosomes amplify after DNA damage is unclear. Cell fusions demonstrated that only irradiated centrosomes duplicate when fused with untreated partners, suggesting a licensing signal that does not move from one centrosome to another. Our data indicate that centriole disengagement occurs after irradiation, suggesting this as the signal.
Sex Effect on Productive Parameters , Carcass and Body Fat Composition of Two Commercial Broilers Lines

The aim of this work was to evaluate sex effect on behavior of two commercial broilers lines. Productive parameters, carcass composition and yield, amount and quality of fat deposited in the meat and skin and total body fat were studied. A completely randomized design with four treatments (MR-Male Ross, HR-Female Ross, MAF-Male Avian Farm and HAF-Female Avian Farm) and eight repetitions of 40 chickens was used. Animals received water and food ad libitum. After 50 days, two birds (a male and a female) per repetition were chosen at random and slaughtered for carcass evaluation. Samples of breast, leg, skin and abdominal fats were analyzed to determine the percentage of intramuscular fat, total cholesterol and fatty acid composition. The Ross line showed higher final weight and weight gain, better intake and feed conversion rate. Also, it was observed that females of both lines had similar results in relation to these parameters. Better yield of breast with bone was found in Ross males and females. In relation to legs and thigh, Ross males showed better results and no differences were observed among females of both lines. Males deposited less fat than females. Finally, differences in percentage of intramuscular fat, content of cholesterol in breast with skin, leg with skin and skin, percentage of saturated, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed between sex and lines.
Ambiguous place meanings: living with the industrially marked town in kiruna, sweden

Abstract. The town of Kiruna in northern Sweden exemplifies new and old industrialization processes that still take place in several parts of Northern Europe today, based on the exploitation of natural resources. The mining company, LKAB (Luossavaara‐Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag) has survived historical iron‐ore market fluctuations, and today the company employs more than 2,100 of Kiruna's approximately 18,100 inhabitants. The article investigates the meanings that present‐day inhabitants of a town strongly marked by industrial signifiers ascribe to the place where they live. The specific methodological strategy has been to not only see the place through its inhabitants and the way they talk about the place, but through the lives of inhabitants and their ways of describing these lives. The article elaborates on the epistemological strength of this operationalization, and explores and demonstrates some of its possible analytical potential. Representations made through interviews tell of townspeople who express profound rural longings and decentre the meaning of the town in their lives, while also harbouring cautious urban expectations of the place. The article describes how place meanings are spoken into existence, after which an investigation of the significance of place meanings – using a relational, material and dynamic understanding of place – is embarked upon. By the end, the inhabitants' ascriptions of meaning are addressed in relation to their engagement in the ongoing extensive and much‐discussed town transformation of Kiruna. As such it displays a complex web of industrially as well as non‐industrially related trajectories of meaning that meet up in the continuous making of the place.
Can Developmental Social Welfare Change an Unfair World?

Developmental social welfare and developmental social work have been on the agenda in South Africa since liberation, but little has been reported. Founded in the historical context of radical community work in the freedom ght, developmental social work has found ways to empower groups and communities, in spite of an economic policy that does little to support it.
Job Satisfaction and the Organization's Internal Structure

When the levels of job satisfaction on ten job aspects were assessed in fourteen sections in which the employees were doing light repetitive work, wide and consistent differences were found in the levels of satisfaction among the sections. This effect was most pronounced in one group of sections which was characterised by generally favourable attitudes on these job aspects, and in another group of sections which had unfavourable attitudes regarding the same job aspects. This inter-relation meant that different components of satisfaction could largely be accounted for by a single factor embracing the internal or social structure of the sections in which the employees worked. These findings pointed to the presence of factors unrelated to job or formal structure which determine satisfaction at work.
Distinct populations of neurons respond to emotional valence and arousal in the human subthalamic nucleus

Significance The involvement of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in affective processing has been suggested with the appearance of neuropsychiatric side effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but direct evidence has been lacking. In our study, we recorded single-neuron activity from the STN during affective picture presentation to PD patients intraoperatively. We discovered two spatially distinct populations of “affective” neurons responding to the emotional dimensions of the stimuli: valence (pleasantness-unpleasantness) and arousal (intensity). As previously believed, neural circuits underlying these two affective dimensions are functionally segregated. Here we observed separated emotional processing even at the single neuron level. These results extend our knowledge regarding the emotional role of the STN and the neural basis of emotions. Both animal studies and studies using deep brain stimulation in humans have demonstrated the involvement of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in motivational and emotional processes; however, participation of this nucleus in processing human emotion has not been investigated directly at the single-neuron level. We analyzed the relationship between the neuronal firing from intraoperative microrecordings from the STN during affective picture presentation in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the affective ratings of emotional valence and arousal performed subsequently. We observed that 17% of neurons responded to emotional valence and arousal of visual stimuli according to individual ratings. The activity of some neurons was related to emotional valence, whereas different neurons responded to arousal. In addition, 14% of neurons responded to visual stimuli. Our results suggest the existence of neurons involved in processing or transmission of visual and emotional information in the human STN, and provide evidence of separate processing of the affective dimensions of valence and arousal at the level of single neurons as well.