Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Judging a Man by the Width of His Face

Previous research has shown that men with higher facial width-to-height ratios (fWHRs) have higher testosterone and are more aggressive, more powerful, and more financially successful. We tested whether they are also more attractive to women in the ecologically valid mating context of speed dating. Men’s fWHR was positively associated with their perceived dominance, likelihood of being chosen for a second date, and attractiveness to women for short-term, but not long-term, relationships. Perceived dominance (by itself and through physical attractiveness) mediated the relationship between fWHR and attractiveness to women for short-term relationships. Furthermore, men’s perceptions of their own dominance showed patterns of association with mating desirability similar to those of fWHR. These results support the idea that fWHR is a physical marker of dominance. This is the first study to show that male dominance and higher fWHRs are attractive to women for short-term relationships in a controlled and interactive situation that could actually lead to mating and dating.
Chemistry and transport of pollution over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific: spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign overview and first results

Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment- B (INTEX-B) was a major NASA (Acronyms are provided in Appendix A.) led multi-partner atmo- spheric field campaign completed in the spring of 2006 (http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/intex-b/ ). Its major objectives aimed at (i) investigating the extent and persistence of the outflow of pollution from Mexico; (ii) understanding transport and evolution of Asian pollution and implications for air quality and climate across western North America; and (iii) validating space-borne observations of tropospheric composition. INTEX-B was performed in two phases. In its first phase (1-21 March), INTEX-B operated as part of the MILAGRO campaign with a focus on observations over Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. In the second phase (17 April-15 May), the main INTEX-B focus was on trans-Pacific Asian pollution transport. Multiple airborne platforms carrying state of the art chemistry and radiation payloads were flown in concert with satellites and ground stations during the two phases of INTEX-B. Validation of Aura satellite instruments (TES, OMI, MLS, HIRDLS) was a key objective within INTEX-B. Satellite products along with meteorological and 3-D chemical transport model forecasts were integrated into the flight planning process to allow targeted sampling of air parcels. Inter-comparisons were performed among and between aircraft payloads to quantify the accuracy of data and to create a unified data set. Pollution plumes were sampled over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific several days after downwind transport from source regions. Signatures of Asian pollution were routinely detected by INTEX-B aircraft, providing a valuable data set on gas and aerosol composition to test models and evaluate pathways of pollution transport and their impact on air quality and climate. This overview provides details about campaign implementation and a context within which the present and future INTEX-B/MILAGRO publications can be understood.
Measuring service quality in public and private sector university libraries of Pakistan

The problem addressed in this study investigates the perceived service quality of public and private sector university libraries of Pakistan from its users' perspective. More precisely the study compares the following four aspects between public and private universities: zone of tolerance for overall and individual user groups, dimension wise zone of tolerance for overall and individual user group, gaps between desires and perceptions, and significant differences in the service quality. The data were collected through LIBQUAL print questionnaire from 1473 library users (faculty, graduates and undergraduates) of 22 public and private sector university libraries (main/central) of Pakistan. The psychometric properties of instrument were established through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The comparisons of overall, individual service level, and dimension wise gap scores revealed that private sector university libraries were generally meeting the minimum requirements of their users (except information control dimension) but, on the other hand, public sector libraries were not meeting minimum requirement in information control and affect of service dimensions. The study also found significant difference on service quality between private and public sector university libraries. The researcher found very interesting findings that small collection creates small expectations, and it is easy to meet or satisfy the needs of the users of small collection. The article also discusses findings, implications of results and limitations of the study at the end.
Combining hook length formulas and BG-ranks for partitions via the Littlewood decomposition

Recently, the first author has studied hook length formulas for partitions in a systematic manner. In the present paper we show that most of those hook length formulas can be generalized and include more variables via the Littlewood decomposition, which maps each partition to its t-core and t-quotient. In the case t = 2 we ob- tain new formulas by combining hook lengths and BG-ranks introduced by Berkovich and Garvan. As applications, we list several multivari- able generalizations of classical and new hook length formulas, including the Nekrasov-Okounkov, the Han-Carde-Loubert-Potechin-Sanborn, the Bessenrodt-Bacher-Manivel, the Okada-Panova and the Stanley-Panova formulas. Summary
Early severe institutional deprivation is associated with a persistent variant of adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, developmental continuities and life circumstances in the English and Romanian Adoptees study

Background Early‐life institutional deprivation is associated with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood and adolescence. In this article, we examine, for the first time, the persistence of deprivation‐related ADHD into young adulthood in a sample of individuals adopted as young children by UK families after periods in extremely depriving Romanian orphanages. Methods We estimated rates of ADHD at age 15 years and in young adulthood (ages 22–25 years) in individuals at low (LoDep; nondeprived UK adoptees and Romanian adoptees with less than 6‐month institutional exposure) and high deprivation‐related risk (HiDep; Romanian adoptees with more than 6‐month exposure). Estimates were based on parent report using DSM‐5 childhood symptom and impairment criteria. At age 15, data were available for 108 LoDep and 86 HiDep cases, while in young adulthood, the numbers were 83 and 60, respectively. Data on education and employment status, IQ, co‐occurring symptoms of young adult disinhibited social engagement (DSE), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cognitive impairment, conduct disorder (CD), callous‐unemotional (CU) traits, anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) were also collected. Results ADHD rates in the LoDep group were similar to the general population in adolescence (5.6%) and adulthood (3.8%). HiDep individuals were, respectively, nearly four (19%) and over seven (29.3%) times more likely to meet criteria, than LoDep. Nine ‘onset’ young adult cases emerged, but these had a prior childhood history of elevated ADHD behaviours at ages 6, 11 and 15 years. Young adult ADHD was equally common in males and females, was predominantly inattentive in presentation and co‐occurred with high levels of ASD, DSE and CU features. ADHD was associated with high unemployment and low educational attainment. Conclusion We provide the first evidence of a strong persistence into adulthood of a distinctively complex and impairing deprivation‐related variant of ADHD. Our results confirm the powerful association of early experience with later development in a way that suggests a role for deep‐seated alterations to brain structure and function.
How peers matter: a research synthesis of peer influences on adolescent pregnancy.

This chapter presents a research synthesis of studies conducted for the past 15 years that have examined peer influences on sexual activity and other behaviors that increase the risk of adolescent pregnancy in the US. First an overview on the structure of adolescent peer relationships in the US is presented; these include 1) levels of peer interaction; 2) types of peer influences; and 3) implications for studying peer influence. Second sources of similarity between adolescents and friends are discussed. The influence of peers on adolescent behavior can be attributed primarily to the inclination of adolescents to select like-minded people as friends. Third an empirical examination defines the various mechanisms on how peers influence behaviors related to adolescent pregnancy. Peer influence was measured through the following parameters: effects of peer pressure and peer modeling setting norms and structuring opportunities. Fourth the impact of the status of the adolescent within the peer group on behavior related to sexual activity and pregnancy as well as the relationship between family and peer influences are discussed. Lastly the major conclusions and implications for intervention efforts are presented.
Fog characteristics at the airport of Thessaloniki, Greece

A statistical approach in order to study fog event characteristics occuring at the airport of Thessaloniki, North- ern Greece is presented in this work. To achieve this, the sea- sonal and diurnal characteristics of fog are investigated using 35 years (1971-2005) of observations of meteorological pa- rameters such as: visibility, air temperature, dew point tem- perature, air relative humidity, wind vector, precipitation, and cloud base height and coverage. Hourly surface observations of fifteen (15) years (1991-2005) are used to identify fog events induced by various physical mechanisms. Fog events are classified into fog types through the application of ob- jective criteria that are derived upon fog formation processes and under the influence of various physiographic features. The temporal variability of different fog type occurrences are examined and the events are characterized according to their duration and intensity. The results are somehow affected by regional and local factors. Fog is mainly formed in winter time ( 64%) with an enhanced likelihood to appear also in late autumn (19%). The highest frequency of the fog events occurs around sun- rise or 1 to 2 h before of it. The mean duration of the events is about 4.5 h. Most of them (75%) are dense (visi- bility <400 m). The overall fog phenomenon is a combina- tion of various types, such as: advection fog, radiation fog, cloud-base lowering fog and precipitation fog. Advection fog (30%) and radiation fog (29%), which are the most com- mon types, occur predominantly in winter and early spring time. With respect to the former type, it seems that, in many cases, already formed fog is advected from the nearby An- themountas valley. Moreover, a considerable number of fog events (22%) result from cloud-base lowering, and they fre- quently occur in late autumn and mid winter.
Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width as a Diagnostic Marker in Acute Appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common causes of emergent surgeries. Many methods are used for its diagnosis. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of MPV and RDW in acute appendicitis. Patients and Methods: This study was a retrospective multi-center cross sectional planned study. The study included 260 patients operated for AA and 158 patients as the control group. Groups were compared in terms of MPV, RDW, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil predominance (NP) and platelet count (PC). Results: MPV was significantly lower in AA group, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The best cut-off level for MVP in AA was ≤ 7.3 fL and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and overall accuracy ratio were 45%, 89.2%, 87.3%, 49.6% and 61.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of RDW and platelet values. Conclusions: MPV is a routinely measured parameter in complete blood count (CBC) and requires no additional cost. It significantly decreased in AA, having a greater sensitivity and NPV when combined with WBC and NP.
An If-While-If Model-Based Performance Evaluation of Ranking Metrics for Spectra-Based Fault Localization

Spectra-based fault localization (SFL) is an automatic fault-localization technique which has received a lot of attention due to its simplicity and effectiveness. SFL uses ranking metric (RM) to rank the risk of fault existence in each program entity after dynamically collecting the necessary information. The evaluation of RMs for SFL has recently become a research focus. To evaluate the average performance of RMs for SFL with different single-fault types, an If-While-If (IWI) model-based approach is presented in this paper. Firstly, through investigating rankings of statements in the IWI model, this paper takes an optimal RM known as an example to analyze its localization effectiveness for five types of single-fault. Secondly, a generic hierarchical method is given in the IWI model to precisely calculate the average performance of RMs. Two experiments, that calculate the average performance of the optimal RM on the IWI model and actual programs, are conducted with five single-fault types. The experimental results agree with theoretical analyses. It is found that the average performance of the optimal RM is related to the number of test cases and the number of program cycles, and the fault type. The IWI model could function as large programs to effectively evaluate RMs for different fault types.
Impulsivity and Symptoms of Nicotine Dependence in a Young Adult Population

Introduction: Impulsivity is widely regarded as a risk factor for drug dependence. However, its relationship with the symptomatology of nicotine dependence is poorly understood. Methods: To examine the nature of these relationships, we recruited 404 daily and occasional smokers from a predominantly student population and assessed the association between impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and several self-reported measures of smoking rate and nicotine dependence, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual’s (DSM-IV) criteria. Results: Overall, impulsivity was high throughout the entire sample but only modestly associated with nicotine dependence. Within the diagnostic criteria of nicotine dependence, two symptoms, which reflect automatized or habitual smoking, were most strongly associated with impulsivity. Conclusion: These data support recent human and animal work, which suggests that impulsivity is linked to the formation of habitual drug use, and are discussed within the framework of a dual-system account of drug seeking.
Kilimanjaro Glaciers: Recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th century retreat rates

Recent and long term variations in ice extent on Kilimanjaro are investigated in the context of 20th century climate change in East Africa. Quickbird satellite data show that the areal extent of glaciers on Kilimanjaro is 2.51 km2 in February 2003. To assess glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro two glacier systems are identified: (1) plateau (≥5700 m) and (2) slope (<5700 m). Vertical wall retreat that governs the retreat of plateau glaciers is irreversible, and changes in 20th century climate have not altered their continuous demise. Rapid retreat of slope glaciers at the beginning of the 20th century implies a strong departure from steady state conditions during this time. This strong imbalance can only be explained by a sudden shift in climate, which is not observed in the early 20th century. Results suggest glaciers on Kilimanjaro are merely remnants of a past climate rather than sensitive indicators of 20th century climate change.
Mitochondrial DNA replication proceeds via a ‘bootlace’ mechanism involving the incorporation of processed transcripts

The observation that long tracts of RNA are associated with replicating molecules of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that the mitochondrial genome of mammals is copied by an unorthodox mechanism. Here we show that these RNA-containing species are present in living cells and tissue, based on interstrand cross-linking. Using DNA synthesis in organello, we demonstrate that isolated mitochondria incorporate radiolabeled RNA precursors, as well as DNA precursors, into replicating DNA molecules. RNA-containing replication intermediates are chased into mature mtDNA, to which they are thus in precursor–product relationship. While a DNA chain terminator rapidly blocks the labeling of mitochondrial replication intermediates, an RNA chain terminator does not. Furthermore, processed L-strand transcripts can be recovered from gel-extracted mtDNA replication intermediates. Therefore, instead of concurrent DNA and RNA synthesis, respectively, on the leading and lagging strands, preformed processed RNA is incorporated as a provisional lagging strand during mtDNA replication. These findings indicate that RITOLS is a physiological mechanism of mtDNA replication, and that it involves a ‘bootlace' mechanism, in which processed transcripts are successively hybridized to the lagging-strand template, as the replication fork advances.
Crime data mining: a general framework and some examples

A major challenge facing all law-enforcement and intelligence-gathering organizations is accurately and efficiently analyzing the growing volumes of crime data. Detecting cybercrime can likewise be difficult because busy network traffic and frequent online transactions generate large amounts of data, only a small portion of which relates to illegal activities. Data mining is a powerful tool that enables criminal investigators who may lack extensive training as data analysts to explore large databases quickly and efficiently. We present a general framework for crime data mining that draws on experience gained with the Coplink project, which researchers at the University of Arizona have been conducting in collaboration with the Tucson and Phoenix police departments since 1997.
A High-Resolution and High Accuracy Real-Time 3D Sensor Based on Structured Light

A new real-time 3D sensor is presented that is capable of delivering 25 high-resolution depth maps per second with a representative measurement error of 0.2 mm. The sensor is well suited for real-world application as it imposes no major scene constraints, i.e. it copes well with colored objects, moving scenes and background illumination. The acquisition technique, which is a form of structured light with a single projection pattern, is introduced, where the focus is on two aspects: Firstly, a new type of projection pattern that employs local color edge patterns for encoding so that it is possible to decode them even under noisy real- world conditions. Secondly, an algorithm that exploits the pattern properties to recognize the projected color edge patterns reliably. It then describes a 3D sensor based on this technique and presents experimental results obtained with it. It furthermore discusses an exemplary commercial application of the 3D sensor to the task of wheel alignment.
A framework for junction detection using local Hough transforms

— A novel method of junction detection in images is investigated. Junctions are modeled using locally applied Hough transforms. Two types of the Hough transform are proposed: (a) 1D transforms to characterize orientations of the junction segments and (b) 2D transforms to additionally estimate lengths of the segments. For any location of the circular window, the best-fit junction can be found and its strength (visual prominence) can be calculated. Then, actual junctions are detected as the local maxima of the strength function. To reduce computational complexity, junction detection and localization is based on the 1D model, while the 2D model can be used to further characterize detected junctions. The paper presents both theoretical issues of the method and its practical limitations. Relations to alternative techniques of junction detection are highlighted.
Code Anomalies Flock Together: Exploring Code Anomaly Agglomerations for Locating Design Problems

Design problems affect every software system. Diverse software systems have been discontinued or reengineered due to design problems. As design documentation is often informal or nonexistent, design problems need to be located in the source code. The main difficulty to identify a design problem in the implementation stems from the fact that such problem is often scattered through several program elements. Previous work assumed that code anomalies -- popularly known as code smells -- may provide sufficient hints about the location of a design problem. However, each code anomaly alone may represent only a partial embodiment of a design problem. In this paper, we hypothesize that code anomalies tend to ``flock together'' to realize a design problem. We analyze to what extent groups of inter-related code anomalies, named agglomerations, suffice to locate design problems. We analyze more than 2200 agglomerations found in seven software systems of different sizes and from different domains. Our analysis indicates that certain forms of agglomerations are consistent indicators of both congenital and evolutionary design problems, with accuracy often higher than 80%.
Technopreneurial Attitude in the Zimbabwean Food-processing Sector

ABSTRACT Technopreneurship can be seen as a system, policy, strategy, process or an individual or group attitude. Although it might be assumed that technopreneurial attitude leads to technopreneurial behaviour, this is not always the case. The paper is based on research conducted on technopreneurship as an attitude in the Zimbabwean food-processing sector. The objectives of the study were to determine the attitude of food processors towards technopreneurship, the feasibility of technopreneurship in light of the attitude and the relationship between professional specialisation and technopreneurial attitude, as well as professional specialisation and the feasibility of technopreneurship. The research adopted a survey approach to gather, analyse and interpret quantitative data. The results indicated that companies in the food-processing sector have a positive attitude towards technopreneurship and the feasibility of technopreneurship in the sector. However, it was concluded that the positive attitude does not automatically lead to technopreneurial behaviour because of intervening variable.