Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections worldwide: the 2003 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART).

OBJECTIVES The SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) surveillance programme was begun in 2002 to monitor antimicrobial resistance trends among aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from intra-abdominal infections worldwide. METHODS In 2003, 74 medical centres from 23 countries collected isolates for testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution according to the NCCLS guidelines for MIC testing. RESULTS A total of 5658 aerobic and facultative GNB were isolated from intra-abdominal infections. Enterobacteriaceae composed 84% of the total isolates. Among the agents tested, the carbapenems were the most consistently active against the Enterobacteriaceae. E. coli was the most common isolate (46%), and the susceptibility rate to the quinolone (70-90% susceptible), cephalosporin (80-97% susceptible), aminoglycoside (77-100% susceptible) and carbapenem (99-100% susceptible) agents tested varied among geographic regions, with isolates from the Asia/Pacific region generally being the most resistant. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected phenotypically in 9% of E. coli, 14% of Klebsiella spp. , and 14% of Enterobacter spp. worldwide. ESBL producers generally had a more antibiotic-resistant profile than non-ESBL producers. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial resistance among GNB isolated from intra-abdominal infections is a problem worldwide, especially in the Asia/Pacific region. The carbapenems ertapenem, meropenem and imipenem are highly active in vitro against Enterobacteriaceae isolated from intra-abdominal sites, including organisms that produce ESBLs.
Cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide, after breast cancer. A preponderance of evidence supports a causal link between human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia. The presence of high-risk human papillomavirus genital subtypes increases the risk of malignant transformation. Widespread use of the Papanicolaou smear has dramatically reduced the incidence of cervical cancer in developed countries. Accurate and early recognition of abnormal cytologic changes prevents progression of the disease from preinvasive to invasive. Research is under way to determine if efforts to reduce the false-negative rate of the Papanicolaou smear should include rescreening programs and fluid-based technology. Once cervical cancer is diagnosed, clinical staging takes place. Early-stage tumors can be managed with cone biopsy or simple hysterectomy. Higher stage tumors can be treated surgically or with radiotherapy. Advanced metastatic disease may respond to radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy. Protein markers for detection of recurrence and vaccines for prevention of cervical cancer are under investigation.
Syngeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a comparison with allogeneic and autologous transplantation--The Lymphoma Working Committee of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

PURPOSE To compare results of syngeneic, allogeneic, and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS The databases of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR) and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation were used to identify 89 NHL patients who received syngeneic transplants. These patients were compared with NHL patients identified from the IBMTR and the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry who received allogeneic (T-cell depleted and T-cell replete) and autologous (purged and unpurged) transplants. RESULTS No significant differences in relapse rates were observed when results of allogeneic transplantation were compared with syngeneic transplantation for any histology. T-cell depletion of allografts was not associated with a higher relapse risk, but was associated with improved overall survival for patients with low-grade and intermediate-grade histology. Patients who received unpurged autografts for low-grade NHL had a five-fold (P =.008) greater risk of relapse than recipients of syngeneic transplants, and recipients of unpurged autografts had a two-fold (P =.0009) greater relapse risk than patients who received purged autografts. Among low-grade NHL patients, the use of purging was associated with significantly better disease-free survival (P =.003) and overall survival (P =.04) when compared with patients who received unpurged autografts. CONCLUSION These analyses failed to find evidence of a graft-versus-lymphoma effect, but do provide indirect evidence to support the hypothesis that tumor contamination may contribute to lymphoma relapse, and that purging may be beneficial for patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for low-grade NHL.
Developing Intuition: Neural Correlates of Cognitive-Skill Learning in Caudate Nucleus

The superior capability of cognitive experts largely depends on automatic, quick information processing, which is often referred to as intuition. Intuition develops following extensive long-term training. There are many cognitive models on intuition development, but its neural basis is not known. Here we trained novices for 15 weeks to learn a simple board game and measured their brain activities in early and end phases of the training while they quickly generated the best next-move to a given board pattern. We found that the activation in the head of caudate nucleus developed over the course of training, in parallel to the development of the capability to quickly generate the best next-move, and the magnitude of the caudate activity was correlated with the subject's performance. In contrast, cortical activations, which already appeared in the early phase of training, did not further change. Thus, neural activation in the caudate head, but not those in cortical areas, tracked the development of capability to quickly generate the best next-move, indicating that circuitries including the caudate head may automate cognitive computations.
The Capacity of Liquidity-Demanding Equity Strategies

In this article, the authors investigate how capacity impacts the investment management process by studying the increasing market-impact costs of liquidity-demanding equity strategies as a function of the trading volume and turnover of typical trade lists. They simulate historical monthly alphas for a generic long–short equity strategy and use historical returns plus stock-specific market-impact cost estimates to compare performance as assets under management increase.
The science of prevention: methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research.

The goal of The Science of Prevention: Methodological Advances From Alcohol and Substance Abuse Research is to promote critical thinking among new and established investigators about how to design research and analyze research findings. Although the substantive focus of many chapters is on applications to the prevention of alcohol and substance abuse, nearly all of the methodological principles and statistical models are general and have potential application to the full range of areas in which prevention research takes place. The contributors to this book share their knowledge from an informed, applied perspective. Most are active researchers in the field of substance abuse prevention who are also methodological experts. They have a firsthand knowledge not only of the methodological, statistical, and measurement issues but also of the substantive issues of their field. [publisher description]
Sorting Equilibria in Financial Markets: The Incentive Problem

In a recent paper [3] we developed a theory of financial intermediariesas information producers. We argued that financial intermediaries are one class of market participants who specialize in the production of information and sell that informationtofirms with investments to finance which can profit from its distribution. In order to focus on financial intermediation, we sacrificed considerable generality in our model ofcompetitive information production in capital markets. In particular we assumed that there were only two types of assets available in the market known as type A and type B firms. Second, we assumed that information would be produced about all assets by only one information producer or that information was a declining cost industry. The approach we utilized is actually a special case of what has been called a screening or certification process (see Stiglitz [6] and Viscusi [7]), and what we prefer to callsorting. The sorting market is a market where high value and low value assets are distinguished by market participants who specialize in sorting. It is similar, but not identical, to the process of signaling developed by Spence [5] and applied to financial markets by Ross [4] and Bhattacharya [1]. Yet, the extant literature on sorting has, by and large, ignored the opportunity for thosewho stand to lose from sorting to offer side payments to thwart the sorting process. While the problem of side payments may be of minor significance for some applications of sorting and signaling models, the prospect of side payments appears to be an important if not crucial issue infinancial markets.
Transfer of the von Hippel‐Lindau gene to neuronal progenitor cells in treatment for Parkinson's disease

Neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) may provide dopaminergic neurons for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, transplantation of NPCs into the striatum by current methods has had limited success. It is possible to reverse the symptoms of PD in model rats but difficult to reverse them in humans because the number of dopaminergic neurons generated from NPCs is low. We transduced the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene into NPCs isolated from embryonic rat brain. The NPCs with the transduced VHL gene efficiently differentiated into tyrosine hydroxylase–positive neurons in vitro. NPCs with the transduced VHL gene, which were labeled in advance with bromodeoxyuridine, were transplanted into the striatum of a rat model of PD. Numerous bromodeoxyuridine–tyrosine hydroxylase double‐labeled cells were seen close to the transplant site, showing that the transplanted cells efficiently generated new dopaminergic neurons within the host striatum. Moreover, all of the animals with NPCs with VHL showed a remarkable decrease in apomorphine‐induced rotations. These findings show that NPCs with the VHL gene can efficiently generate dopaminergic neurons and that a sufficient number of dopaminergic neurons can develop from them to reverse the symptoms of PD in humans. VHL gene transduction provides a new therapeutic approach for treatment of PD. Ann Neurol 2003; 54:352–359
Effect of αs1-casein (CSN1S1) genotype on milk CSN1S1 content in Malagueña and Murciano-Granadina goats

There is substantial evidence showing that the polymorphism of the goat αs1-casein (CSN1S1) gene has a major effect on milk protein, casein and fat content as well as on cheese yield. However, its influence on the synthesis rate of CSN1S1 has been less studied, with measurements only available in French breeds. In this article, we have measured milk CSN1S1 content in 89 Malagueña and 138 Murciano-Granadina goats with 305 and 460 phenotypic registers, respectively. In the Malagueña breed, average values of CSN1S1 content estimated for BB, BF, EE and FF genotypes were 6·94±0·38, 5·36±0·22, 4·58±0·13 and 3·98±0·27 g/l, respectively, being all significantly different (P<0·05). Conversely, in the Murciano-Granadina breed only the BB genotype (8·50±0·60 g/l) was significantly associated with increased levels of CSN1S1 (P<0·05), whereas BF (6·56±0·82 g/l), EE (6·39±0·60 g/l) and EF (6·91±0·76 g/l) genotypes displayed non-significant differences when compared with each other. Our results highlight the existence of breed-specific genetic and/or environmental factors modulating the impact of the CSN1S1 gene polymorphism on the synthesis rate of the corresponding protein.
The Next Blueprint for Housing Policy in England

This review outlines the changes to housing policy in England introduced or proposed by the UK coalition government elected in 2010. These changes form part of a longer term project to modernise housing policy, and are at the same time a response to an economic and public expenditure crisis. It is argued that these emerging proposals raise important questions for housing policy analysis and research—questions about the interpretation of earlier policy and practice, and about the factors likely to affect future policy outcomes and patterns of segregation.
The mediating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between participative goal setting and team outcomes – a study in China

In the late twentieth century, it is popular to research the effect of participative goal setting. The general conclusion is that the relationship between participation and performance is inconsistent and unclear at individual level. With team becoming a more dominant mode in organizing, motivating, and managing, it is worthwhile to investigate the effect of participation in team goal setting. This study aims to test the mediating effect of psychological empowerment (PE) on the relationship between participative team goal setting and team identity and team performance. Executive MBA students (371) in 75 groups from China Europe International Business School in China participated in the study. The data from Business Strategy Game and questionnaire found positive relationship between participative team goal setting and team identification, and team performance is partially mediated by PE. Implications for the goal-setting theory and practice are discussed, and future research directions offered.
Parent-Adolescent Relationship and Adolescents ’ Compulsive Buying Behaviour : Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

The main purpose this study is to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent compulsive buying behaviour. Using a sample of 300 adolescents (15-18 years) in India and the structural equation modelling technique, the findings reveal that self-esteem mediates the relationship between parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent compulsive buying behaviour. Our study also establishes that familial conflict and cohesion acts as major sources of adolescent compulsivity. We have also examined the mediating role of self-esteem on the above relationships and found that adolescents’ compulsivity varies with the level of selfesteem (i.e. higher level of self-esteem leads to lower levels of adolescents’ compulsivity). The practical and theoretical implications are discussed within the context of adolescents’ compulsivity. KEYWORDS: Stress, Conflict, Compulsive behaviour, Self-esteem, Cohesion.
Quercetin-induced changes in femoral bone microstructure of adult male rabbits

Flavonoids are a group of plant metabolites with antioxidant effects. One of the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet is quercetin. It is found widely in fruits, vegetables and has a lot of beneficial effects on human health. Quercetin has a positive pharmacological effect on bone metabolism and it prevents the organism against bone loss. However, its impact on the size of basic structural units of the compact bone is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the impact of the quercetin on femoral bone microstructure in 5-month-old male rabbits. Five rabbits of Californian broiler line were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group (E group; n=3), animals were intramuscularly injected with quercetin at dose 1000 μg. kg -1 body weight (bw) for 90 days, 3 times per week. Two rabbits without quercetin administration served as a control group (C group). According to our results, intramuscular application of quercetin had an insignificant effect on cortical bone thickness in male rabbits. In these rabbits, changes in qualitative histological characteristics were present in the middle part of the compacta, where primary vascular longitudinal bone tissue was present and expanded there from the periosteum. Also, a lower number of secondary osteons was found in these animals. From the histomorphometrical point of view, significantly decreased sizes of primary osteons' vascular canals and secondary osteons ( p <0.05) were found in rabbits administered by quercetin. Our findings indicate that subchronic administration of quercetin at the dose used in our study had considerable impact on both qualitative and quantitative histological characteristics of the compact bone in adult male rabbits.
Indian software and pharmaceutical sector IC and financial performance

Purpose – This paper seeks to estimate and analyze the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate conventional financial performance measures of Indian software and pharmaceutical companies for a period of five years from 2002 to 2006.Design/methodology/approach – Annual reports, especially the profit and loss accounts and balance sheets of the selected companies for the relevant years have been used to obtain the data. International literatures on intellectual capital with specific reference to measurement tools and techniques have been reviewed. Value Added Intellectual CoefficientTM (VAIC) method is applied for measuring the value based performance of the companies. Corporate conventional performance financial measures used in this analysis are: profitability; productivity; and market valuation. It is an empirical study using multiple regression analysis for the data analysis. The intellectual capital (human capital and structural capital) and physical capital of the arbitrarily selected c.
Cancer risk in young women at risk of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: implications for gynecologic surveillance.

OBJECTIVES The lifetime risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is up to 60 and 12%, respectively, in addition to the high risk of colorectal cancer. International guidelines recommend surveillance of those at risk with colonoscopy every 1--2 years from age 20--25 years and annual gynecologic surveillance from 25--35 years for women. We reviewed our own experience to see whether these recommendations were appropriate. METHODS Pedigrees of 120 HNPCC families registered with the Familial Bowel Cancer Service at The Royal Melbourne Hospital were reviewed. Ninety families met our criteria for HNPCC and were included in the study. Pedigrees were analyzed to identify early-age onset colorectal and gynecologic cancers and to calculate cumulative incidence of both cancer types for at-risk women (HNPCC-affected and first-degree female relatives of affected family members) for comparison with the general population. RESULTS Colorectal cancer occurred in 434 individuals, endometrial cancer in 43, and ovarian cancer in 24. Gynecologic and colorectal cancers were diagnosed at similar ages (mean 49.3 versus 51.8 years; P = 0.25), with 5 (7.1%) gynecologic cancers diagnosed by 35 years. Cumulative incidences of gynecologic and colorectal cancers to ages 25, 30, 35, and 40 years were substantially higher among at-risk women than in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Consideration should be given to offering gynecologic cancer surveillance from the age of 25 years, as for colorectal cancer. However, this approach should be individualized as it has yet to be demonstrated that surveillance reduces the mortality of gynecologic cancer in HNPCC.
Amyloid β Binds Trimers as Well as Monomers of the 75-kDa Neurotrophin Receptor and Activates Receptor Signaling*

p75NTR, a nerve growth factor co-receptor that has been implicated in apoptosis of neurons, is structurally related to Fas and the receptors for tumor necrosis factor-α that display ligand independent assembly into trimers. Using embryonic day 17 fetal rat cortical neurons and p75NTR-expressing NIH-3T3 cells, we now show that p75NTR exists as a trimer as well as a monomer. Furthermore, we have reported and others have confirmed that amyloid β binds p75NTR, and that this binding leads to apoptotic cell death. We now report that amyloid β binds to trimers of p75NTR as well as to p75NTR monomers but not to the p140trkA, the nerve growth factor co-receptor that mediates neuronal survival. Furthermore, amyloid β activates p75NTR, strongly inducing the transcription of c-Jun mRNA and stimulating the stress-activated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, as measured by phosphorylation of its substrate (glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun-(1–79)). Our data suggest that p75NTR may be present as a preformed trimer that binds amyloid β to induce receptor activation, and support the hypothesis that p75NTR activation by amyloid β is causally related to Alzheimer's disease.
Modeling and performance of contact-free discharge systems for space inertial sensors

This article presents a detailed overview and assessment of contact-free ultraviolet light discharge systems (UVDSs) needed to control the variable electric charge level of free-flying test masses, which are part of high-precision inertial sensors in space. A comprehensive numerical analysis approach on the basis of experimental data is detailed. This includes ultraviolet light ray tracing, the computation of time variant electric fields inside the complex inertial sensor geometry, and the simulation of individual photoelectron trajectories. Subsequent data analysis allows determination of key parameters to set up an analytical discharge model. Such a model is an essential system engineering tool needed for requirement breakdown and subsystem specification, performance budgeting, onboard charge control software development, and instrument modeling within spacecraft end-to-end performance simulators. Different types of UVDS design concepts are presented and assessed regarding their robustness and performance. Critical hardware aspects like electron emission from air-contaminated surfaces, interfaces with other subsystems, and spacecraft operations are considered. The focus is on the modeling and performance evaluation of the existing UVDS onboard the LISA Pathfinder, a European Space Agency technology demonstrator spacecraft, which is in implementation phase. The results have motivated the design of a more robust discharge system concept for cubical test mass inertial sensors for future space missions. The analysis tools developed have been used for design optimization and performance assessment of the proposed design. A significant improvement of relevant robustness and performance figures has been achieved.
Communitas/Corporatas Tensions in Organizational Rhetoric: Finding a Balance in Sports Public Relations

Sports public relations always serves two masters—both corporatas and communitas. In this article, a close textual analysis of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA's) Stay in Bounds community relations program reveals that the NCAA is both a defender of amateur, communitas values, and a participant in professionalized, corporatas organizational rhetoric. This article offers a typology of the specific competing commitments of communitas and corporatas in sports rhetoric and argues that all sports rhetoric, from little league to big league, must negotiate with publics a balance between these extremes. This article is derived from an M.A. thesis written by Melissa Stahley and advised by Josh Boyd. An earlier version of the article was presented at the National Communication Association convention, Chicago, November 13, 2004.