Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHIP28 water channels are localized in constitutively water-permeable segments of the nephron

The sites of water transport along the nephron are well characterized, but the molecular basis of renal water transport remains poorly understood. CHIP28 is a 28-kD integral protein which was proposed to mediate transmembrane water movement in red cells and kidney (Preston, G. M., T. P. Carroll, W. B. Guggino, and P. Agre. 1992. Science [Wash. DC]. 256:385-387). To determine whether CHIP28 could account for renal epithelial water transport, we used specific polyclonal antibodies to quantitate and localize CHIP28 at cellular and subcellular levels in rat kidney using light and electron microscopy. CHIP28 comprised 3.8% of isolated proximal tubule brush border protein. Except for the first few cells of the S1 segment, CHIP28 was immunolocalized throughout the convoluted and straight proximal tubules where it was observed in the microvilli of the apical brush border and in basolateral membranes. Very little CHIP28 was detected in endocytic vesicles or other intracellular structures in proximal tubules. Uninterrupted, heavy immunostaining of CHIP28 was also observed over both apical and basolateral membranes of descending thin limbs, including both short and long loops of Henle. These nephron sites have constitutively high osmotic water permeabilities. CHIP28 was not detected in ascending thin limbs, thick ascending limbs, or distal tubules, which are highly impermeable to water. Moreover, CHIP28 was not detected in collecting duct epithelia, where water permeability is regulated by antidiuretic hormone. These determinations of abundance and structural organization provide evidence that the CHIP28 water channel is the predominant pathway for constitutive transepithelial water transport in the proximal tubule and descending limb of Henle's loop.
Increasing frequency and duration of Arctic winter warming events

Near‐surface air temperatures close to 0°C were observed in situ over sea ice in the central Arctic during the last three winter seasons. Here we use in situ winter (December–March) temperature observations, such as those from Soviet North Pole drifting stations and ocean buoys, to determine how common Arctic winter warming events are. Observations of winter warming events exist over most of the Arctic Basin. Temperatures exceeding −5°C were observed during >30% of winters from 1954 to 2010 by North Pole drifting stations or ocean buoys. Using the ERA‐Interim record (1979–2016), we show that the North Pole (NP) region typically experiences 10 warming events (T2m > −10°C) per winter, compared with only five in the Pacific Central Arctic (PCA). There is a positive trend in the overall duration of winter warming events for both the NP region (4.25 days/decade) and PCA (1.16 days/decade), due to an increased number of events of longer duration.
Breathing Some New Life into an Old Topic: Chalcogen-Nitrogen π-Heterocycles as Electron Acceptors †

Recent progress in the design, synthesis and characterization of chalcogen-nitrogen π-heterocycles, mostly 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles (chalcogen: S, Se and Te) and their fused derivatives, possessing positive electron affinity is discussed together with their use in preparation of charge-transfer complexes and radical-anion salts—candidate building blocks of molecule-based electrical and magnetic functional materials.
A hybrid model in the selection of prototypes for educational tools: An applicability in verbal decision analysis

Aiming to answer the growing demand for professionals with knowledge about software processes, this paper presents ideas for creating educational tools that supports its teaching. The paper defines six options of prototypes of educational tools and illustrates the study of preferences elicitation in the application of a hybrid method using ORCLASS and PACOM methodologies from verbal decision analysis (VDA) framework to classify and rank the prototypes according to the decision maker preferences. The application with prototypes was chosen because the software engineering is an area that allows the wide research in the preferences elicitation process. The research results show that, the adoption of qualitative methods of decision support, can benefit significantly the selection of the interface aiming to use the selected interface from the approved group and ranked for future development of real educational tools applications.
Exploring Commonality and Individuality for Multi-Modal Curriculum Learning

Curriculum Learning (CL) mimics the cognitive process ofhumans and favors a learning algorithm to follow the logical learning sequence from simple examples to more difficult ones. Recent studies show that selecting the simplest curriculum examples from different modalities for graph-based label propagation can yield better performance than simply leveraging single modality. However, they forcibly requirethe curriculums generated by all modalities to be identical to a common curriculum, which discard the individuality ofevery modality and produce the inaccurate curriculum for the subsequent learning. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel multi-modal CL algorithm by comprehensively investigating both the individuality and commonality of different modalities. By considering the curriculums of multiple modalities altogether, their common preference on selecting the simplestexamples can be explored by a row-sparse matrix, and their distinct opinions are captured by a sparse noise matrix. As a consequence, a "soft" fusion of multiple curriculums from different modalities is achieved and the propagation quality can thus be improved. Comprehensive empirical studies reveal that our method can generate higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art multi-modal CL approach and label propagation algorithms on various image classification tasks.
On the asymptotic structure of sparse triangle free graphs

An important result of Erdos. Kleitman, and Rothsorld says that almost every triangle-free graph on n vertices has chromatic number 2. In this paper we study the asymptotic structure of graphs in Forbn.m (K3), i.e., in the class of triangle-free graphs on n verticles having m = m(n) edges. In particular we prove that an analogue to the Erdos-Kleitman-Rothschild result is true, whenever m ≥ cn7/4 log n for some constant c > 0. On the other hand, it is shown that almost every graph in Forbn,m (K3) has at least chromatic number 3, provided that c,n 0 are appropriate constants. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The City of Hope-Quality of Life-Ostomy Questionnaire: Persian Translation and Validation

Background: Since there is no disease-specific instrument for measuring quality-of-life (QOL) in Ostomy patients in Persian language. Aim: This study was designed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of City of Hope-quality of life-Ostomy questionnaire (COH-QOL-Ostomy questionnaire). Subjects and Methods: This study was designed as cross-sectional study. Reliability of the subscales and the summary scores were demonstrated by intra-class correlation coefficients. Pearson′s correlations of an item with its own scale and other scales were calculated to evaluated convergent and discriminant validity. Clinical validity was also evaluated by known-group comparisons. Results: Cronbach′s alpha coefficient for all subscales was about 0.70 or higher. Results of interscale correlation were satisfactory and each subscale only measured a single and specified trait. All subscales met the standards of convergent and discriminant validity. Known group comparison analysis showed significant differences in social and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: The findings confirmed the reliability and validity of Persian version of COH-QOL-Ostomy questionnaire. The instrument was also well received by the Iranian patients. It can be considered as a valuable instrument to assess the different aspects of health related quality-of-life in Ostomy patients and used in clinical research in the future.
Bounds on Equiangular Lines and on Related Spherical Codes

An $L$-spherical code is a set of Euclidean unit vectors whose pairwise inner products belong to the set $L$. We show, for a fixed $\alpha,\beta>0$, that the size of any $[-1,-\beta]\cup\{\alpha\}$-spherical code is at most linear in the dimension. In particular, this bound applies to sets of lines such that every two are at a fixed angle to each another.
Interpretation of broad-band seismograms

The vector recordings of surface motion achieved by broad-band seismograms contain a wealth of information about the seismic source and structure of the Earth. This information has not yet been fully utilised. This thesis is concerned with the interpretation of three-component broad-band seismograms and describes two distinctive studies of seismogram interpretation on both structural and source interpretation. The first study presents a structural study exploiting observations of shear-wave splitting on broad-band seismograms. It provides the first clear evidence for seismic anisotropy from refracted S waves travelling in the upper mantle under Northern Territory
PsbS-dependent enhancement of feedback de-excitation protects photosystem II from photoinhibition

Feedback de-excitation (qE) regulates light harvesting in plants to prevent inhibition of photosynthesis when light absorption exceeds photosynthetic capacity. Although the mechanism of qE is not completely understood, it is known to require a low thylakoid lumen pH, de-epoxidized xanthophylls, and the photosystem II protein PsbS. During a short-term 4-h exposure to excess light, three PsbS- and qE-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that differed in xanthophyll composition were more photoinhibited than the wild type. The extent of photoinhibition was the same in all of the mutants, suggesting that qE capacity rather than xanthophyll composition is critical for photoprotection in short-term high light, in contrast to longer-term high light conditions (days) when additional antioxidant roles of specific xanthophylls are evident. Plants with a 2-fold increase in qE capacity were generated by overexpression of PsbS, demonstrating that the level of PsbS limits the qE capacity in wild-type Arabidopsis. These results are consistent with the idea that variations in PsbS expression are responsible for species-specific and environmentally induced differences in qE capacity observed in nature. Furthermore, plants with higher qE capacity were more resistant to photoinhibition than the wild type. Increased qE was associated with decreased photosystem II excitation pressure and changes in the fractional areas of chlorophyll a fluorescence lifetime distributions, but not the lifetime centers, suggesting that qE protects from photoinhibition by preventing overreduction of photosystem II electron acceptors. Engineering of qE capacity by PsbS overexpression could potentially yield crop plants that are more resistant to environmental stress.
Profit Aware Circuit Design Under Process Variations Considering Speed Binning

In this paper, a profit-aware design metric is proposed to consider the overall merit of a design in terms of power and performance. A statistical design methodology is then developed to improve the economic merit of a design considering frequency binning and product price profile. A low-complexity sensitivity-based gate sizing algorithm is developed to improve economic gain of a design over its initial yield-optimized design. Finally, we present an integrated design methodology for simultaneous sizing and bin boundary determination to enhance profit under an area constraint. Experiments on a set of ISCAS'85 benchmarks show in average 19% improvement in profit for simultaneous sizing and bin boundary determination, considering both leakage power dissipation and delay bounds compared to a design initially optimized for 90% yield at iso-area in 70-nm bulk CMOS technology.
Association of hepatitis C virus infection and malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) have a significantly higher prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome (MICS). In the present study of Taiwanese MHD patients, we determined the clinical characteristics and influence of HCV infection on MICS by calculation of the malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS). METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal study performed at a single hemodialysis (HD) center in Taiwan from September 2007 through March 2008. The study enrolled 58 patients (38%) in the active HCV group and 95 patients (62%) in the non-HCV group. The two or three weekly HD sessions of all patients were followed for 7 months. The MIS was assessed using 10 components, 7 from the conventional subjective global assessment of nutrition and 3 additional elements, body mass index, serum albumin and total iron-binding capacity. RESULTS HD vintage and total MIS score were greater in patients with active HCV. The active HCV group had significantly longer dialysis vintage and lower total cholesterol but higher total MIS score than the non-HCV group. The MIS 5 score, a measure of major comorbid conditions (including number of years on dialysis), was also significantly higher in the active HCV group. CONCLUSION MHD patients with active HCV infections have more severe MICS-associated metabolic and physiological disease than MHD patients without active HCV infection.
A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Lifestyle and Mental Health Among Midlife and Older Women in Australia: Findings From the Healthy Aging of Women Study

We investigated the temporal relationship between lifestyle and mental health among 564 midlife women. The mental health measured included anxiety, depression, and mental well-being; the lifestyle measures included body mass index (BMI), exercise, smoking, alcohol use, and caffeine consumption. We found that BMI was positively related with mental well-being (r = .316, p = .009); smokers had lower mental well-being than nonsmokers (β = 6.725, p = .006), and noncaffeine drinkers had higher mental well-being (β = 5, p = .023). Past alcohol-drinkers had less anxiety than nondrinkers (β = 1.135, p = .04). Therefore, lifestyle is predictive of mental health among midlife and older women.
A hierarchical maze navigation algorithm with Reinforcement Learning and mapping

Goal-finding in an unknown maze is a challenging problem for a Reinforcement Learning agent, because the corresponding state space can be large if not intractable, and the agent does not usually have a model of the environment. Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning has been shown in the past to improve tractability and learning time of complex problems, as well as facilitate learning a coherent transition model for the environment. Nonetheless, considerable time is still needed to learn the transition model, so that initially the agent can perform poorly by getting trapped into dead ends and colliding with obstacles. This paper proposes a strategy for maze exploration that, by means of sequential tasking and off-line training on an abstract environment, provides the agent with a minimal level of performance from the very beginning of exploration. In particular, this approach allows to prevent collisions with obstacles, thus enforcing a safety restraint on the agent.
Tryptophan-Catabolizing Enzymes – Party of Three

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are tryptophan-degrading enzymes that have independently evolved to catalyze the first step in tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP). The depletion of tryptophan and formation of KP metabolites modulates the activity of the mammalian immune, reproductive, and central nervous systems. IDO and TDO enzymes can have overlapping or distinct functions depending on their expression patterns. The expression of TDO and IDO enzymes in mammals differs not only by tissue/cellular localization but also by their induction by distinct stimuli. To add to the complexity, these genes also have undergone duplications in some organisms leading to multiple isoforms of IDO or TDO. For example, many vertebrates, including all mammals, have acquired two IDO genes via gene duplication, although the IDO1-like gene has been lost in some lower vertebrate lineages. Gene duplications can allow the homologs to diverge and acquire different properties to the original gene. There is evidence for IDO enzymes having differing enzymatic characteristics, signaling properties, and biological functions. This review analyzes the evolutionary convergence of IDO and TDO enzymes as tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes and the divergent evolution of IDO homologs to generate an enzyme family with diverse characteristics not possessed by TDO enzymes, with an emphasis on the immune system.
Clinical Hypnosis in Paediatric Oncology : A Critical Review of the Literature

Hypnosis has been shown to be an effective treatment modality for a number of childhood disorders and several studies have demonstrated that children are more hypnotically responsive than adults. Hypnosis has a wide range of applications with children, including the treatment of learning problems, medical conditions, and mental health disorders. Despite the fact that research on clinical hypnosis with children is in an early stage of development and the child hypnosis literature is predominantly composed of anecdotal case histories and uncontrolled research studies (1) one of the best-documented uses of hypnosis is in the treatment of children with cancer. Hypnosis has been used successfully for the management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting and for the control of procedure-related cancer pain. In this paper the current research literature about the uses of hypnosis in the paediatric oncology setting will be described and critically evaluated. The first section reviews the literature regarding the management of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. This is followed by an examination of the research evidence about the efficacy of hypnosis in the control of procedurerelated cancer pain. In the final section an attempt is made to evaluate the existing literature and to offer some suggestions for future research in the area.
Handover Management in 5G and Beyond: A Topology Aware Skipping Approach

Network densification is foreseen as a potential solution to fulfill the 5G spectral efficiency requirements. The spectral efficiency is improved by shrinking base stations’ (BSs) footprints, thus improving the spatial frequency reuse and reducing the number of users sharing the resources of each BS. However, the foreseen densification gains are achieved at the expense of increasing handover (HO) rates. Hence, HO rate is a key performance limiting factor that should be carefully considered in densification planning. This paper sheds light on the HO problem that appears in dense 5G networks and proposes an effective solution via topology aware HO skipping. Different skipping techniques are considered and compared with the conventional best connected scheme. To this end, the proposed schemes are validated via the average user rate in downlink single-tier and two-tier cellular networks, which are modeled using the Poisson point process and the Poisson cluster process, respectively. The proposed skipping schemes show up to 47% gains in the average throughput, which would maximize the benefit of network densification.
Testing optical tracking of blast wave position for determination of its overpressure

The photogrammetry is a method for determination of physical parameters behind the primary shock wave by optical methods. This paper is focused on determination of overpressure by this method and its comparison with pressure measurement by pencil probes. For the tracking of shock wave front a subtraction of consecutive frames captured by the high-speed camera was used.
Relevance of Immobility and Importance of Risk Assessment Management for Medically Ill Patients

Recent or continued immobility is a significant risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acutely ill medical patients. Patients may benefit from thromboprophylaxis; however, its optimal duration remains unclear. The Extended Clinical Prophylaxis in Acutely Ill Medical Patients (EXCLAIM) study was the first trial to systematically investigate how the degree of immobilization relates to the risk of developing VTE. EXCLAIM offers insights into the duration of VTE risk associated with reduced mobility and helps identify which patients would benefit most from extended-duration thromboprophylaxis. Further recent studies suggest that extended-duration thromboprophylaxis may be in order in certain high-risk patients to protect the patients from the risk of VTE events occurring, particularly in the posthospitalization period. Baseline d-dimer data and level of mobility could be included in risk assessment. Physicians are recommended to consider the use of extended-duration thromboprophylaxis based on individual risk assessment management (RAM) and balance of benefit and harm.
In Vivo Selection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Resistant to Quinolones, Including Sparfloxin.

no. 188. 14 Reunion interdisciplinaire de chimiothtrapie anti-infectieuse (RICAI), 1994. 5. Lafredo SC, Foleno BI3. Induction of resistance of Streptomccirspneirmoniae to quinolones in vitrci. Chemotherapy 1993;
Dual roles of myocardin-related transcription factors in epithelial–mesenchymal transition via slug induction and actin remodeling

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process occurring during embryonic development and in fibrosis and tumor progression. Dissociation of cell–cell contacts and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton are major events of the EMT. Here, we show that myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs; also known as MAL and MKL) are critical mediators of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) 1–induced EMT. In all epithelial cell lines examined here, TGF-β1 triggers the nuclear translocation of MRTFs. Ectopic expression of constitutive-active MRTF-A induces EMT, whereas dominant-negative MRTF-A or knockdown of MRTF-A and -B prevents the TGF-β1–induced EMT. MRTFs form complexes with Smad3. Via Smad3, the MRTF–Smad3 complexes bind to a newly identified cis-element GCCG-like motif in the promoter region of Canis familiaris and the human slug gene, which activates slug transcription and thereby dissociation of cell–cell contacts. MRTFs also increase the expression levels of actin cytoskeletal proteins via serum response factor, thereby triggering reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Thus, MRTFs are important mediators of TGF-β1–induced EMT.
A Conceptualization and Operationalization of Process Visibility Capabilities

Lately, a trend towards real-time, process-centric Business Intelli- gence & Analytics on the operational level has emerged. Although there are various systems such as BAM, BPI or CEP that claim to deliver visibility for operational processes, the underlying capabilities remain vague. To close this research gap we present a conceptualization and operationalization for process visibility capabilities. We use the results of a literature analysis and expert in- terviews for the conceptualization of the respective capabilities. The operation- alization is based on existing literature and refined in two academic feedback sessions as well as one card sorting procedure with experts from practice. Our results contribute to a better understanding which capabilities create process visibility and provide a basis for future research.