Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rotating stall and surge control: a survey

The paper presents an analysis of the current state of the art in the control of aero- or hydrodynamic instabilities in turbomachines. It describes the flow phenomena associated with rotating stall and surge, discusses methods devised to prevent these instabilities occuring, but concentrates mainly on the active control (stabilization) of the unstable flows. It appears that lately significant progress has been made in this area. It seems to foster to a more mature state, although several problems deserve further consideration. The consequences of this state of the art for several interested parties, researchers, developers, manufacturers, and users, are stipulated.
Climate and carbon cycle dynamics in a CESM simulation from 850 to 2100 CE

Abstract. Under the protocols of phase 3 of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, a number of simulations were produced that provide a range of potential climate evolutions from the last millennium to the end of the current century. Here, we present the first simulation with the Community Earth System Model (CESM), which includes an interactive carbon cycle, that covers the last millennium. The simulation is continued to the end of the twenty-first century. Besides state-of-the-art forcing reconstructions, we apply a modified reconstruction of total solar irradiance to shed light on the issue of forcing uncertainty in the context of the last millennium. Nevertheless, we find that structural uncertainties between different models can still dominate over forcing uncertainty for quantities such as hemispheric temperatures or the land and ocean carbon cycle response. Compared to other model simulations, we find forced decadal-scale variability to occur mainly after volcanic eruptions, while during other periods internal variability masks potentially forced signals and calls for larger ensembles in paleoclimate modeling studies. At the same time, we were not able to attribute millennial temperature trends to orbital forcing, as has been suggested recently. The climate–carbon-cycle sensitivity in CESM during the last millennium is estimated to be between 1.0 and 2.1 ppm °C−1. However, the dependence of this sensitivity on the exact time period and scale illustrates the prevailing challenge of deriving robust constraints on this quantity from paleoclimate proxies. In particular, the response of the land carbon cycle to volcanic forcing shows fundamental differences between different models. In CESM the tropical land dictates the response to volcanoes, with a distinct behavior for large and moderate eruptions. Under anthropogenic emissions, global land and ocean carbon uptake rates emerge from the envelope of interannual natural variability by about year 1947 and 1877, respectively, as simulated for the last millennium.
Paediatricians' attitudes about discussing maternal depression during a paediatric primary care visit.

OBJECTIVES To assess paediatricians' beliefs about discussing maternal depressive symptoms during a paediatric visit, and methods paediatricians use to identify mothers with depressive symptoms. METHODS In-depth telephone interviews were conducted with 23 primary care paediatricians from a practice-based research network. We asked a series of previously developed questions about discussing maternal depressive symptoms during a paediatric visit; methods used to identify mothers at risk; barriers encountered, and potential strategies to improve recognition and treatment of maternal depression. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were codified and analysed using standard qualitative data techniques. RESULTS All paediatricians agreed that it is appropriate to ask mothers about their own health during a well-child visit, because a mother's well-being affects her children. Paediatricians relied on observational cues to identify a mother with depressive symptoms, especially mother-child interactions. Few used direct questions or a checklist. Almost all paediatricians felt that lack of time was the barrier most often faced in addressing maternal depression. Lack of training, inadequate knowledge of resources and distractions encountered in the primary care setting were additional barriers cited. One-third of paediatricians acknowledged the fear of judgement and stigma that a mother may face when discussing maternal stresses. Paediatricians desired better ability to refer mothers to social workers for help. CONCLUSIONS Observational cues are used more often than direct questions or screening tools to identify mothers at risk of depression. This may under-identify mothers at risk. Paediatricians prefer to rely on other professionals, particularly social services, to address maternal depression, yet mothers may be hesitant or ambivalent about such assistance because of fear of judgement. Paediatricians, in fact, may be the professional mothers most want to communicate with. Thus, appreciation of mothers' perspectives, empathetic communication skills and knowledge of community resources can enhance paediatricians' abilities to assist mothers at risk for depression.
Interleukin‐1β upregulates Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter in human middle ear epithelia *

Disruption of periciliary fluid homeostasis is the main pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME), one of the most common childhood diseases. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear, it has been suggested that the altered functions of ion channels and transporters are involved in the fluid collection of middle ear cavity of OME patients. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of a major cytokine interleukin (IL)‐1β, which was known to be involved in the pathogenesis of OME, on Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) in human middle ear cells. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in primary cultures of normal human middle ear epithelial (NHMEE) cells using a double perfusion chamber, which enabled us to analyze the membrane‐specific transporter activities. NKCC activities were estimated by the pHi reduction due to bumetanide‐sensitive intracellular uptake of NH 4+ . In NHMEE cells, NKCC activities were observed only in the basolateral membrane, and immunoblotting using specific antibodies revealed the expression of NKCC1. Interestingly, IL‐1β treatments augmented the basolateral NKCC activities and increased NKCC1 expression. In addition, IL‐1β treatments stimulated bumetanide‐sensitive fluid transport across the NHMEE cell monolayers. Furthermore, an elevated NKCC1 expression was observed in middle ear cells from OME patients when compared to those from control individuals. The above results provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that the inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β upregulates NKCC1 in middle ear epithelial cells, which would be one of the important underlying mechanisms of excess fluid collection in OME patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 576–586, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staying the Course: A Study in Online Student Satisfaction and Retention

With the exponential growth of online courses in higher education, retention is an area of great concern. Online student retention has been suggested as one of the greatest weaknesses in online education (Carr, 2000; O'Brien, 2002). Studies show that the failed retention rate for online college and university undergraduates range from 20 to 50% and that online course administrators believe the failed retention rate for online courses to be 10 to 20% higher than traditional classroom environments (Frankola, 2001; Diaz, 2002). The number of college students who are participating in online courses continues to increase dramatically despite the greater likelihood of non-completion. Between 1995 and 1998 the number of institutions offering online courses essentially tripled and in the academic year 1999-2000 alone the number of students who took at least one online course increased by 57 percent ( National Center for Education Statistics, 2002).
Chimera: Collaborative Preemption for Multitasking on a Shared GPU

The demand for multitasking on graphics processing units (GPUs) is constantly increasing as they have become one of the default components on modern computer systems along with traditional processors (CPUs). Preemptive multitasking on CPUs has been primarily supported through context switching. However, the same preemption strategy incurs substantial overhead due to the large context in GPUs. The overhead comes in two dimensions: a preempting kernel suffers from a long preemption latency, and the system throughput is wasted during the switch. Without precise control over the large preemption overhead, multitasking on GPUs has little use for applications with strict latency requirements. In this paper, we propose Chimera, a collaborative preemption approach that can precisely control the overhead for multitasking on GPUs. Chimera first introduces streaming multiprocessor (SM) flushing, which can instantly preempt an SM by detecting and exploiting idempotent execution. Chimera utilizes flushing collaboratively with two previously proposed preemption techniques for GPUs, namely context switching and draining to minimize throughput overhead while achieving a required preemption latency. Evaluations show that Chimera violates the deadline for only 0.2% of preemption requests when a 15us preemption latency constraint is used. For multi-programmed workloads, Chimera can improve the average normalized turnaround time by 5.5x, and system throughput by 12.2%.
[Otoacoustic emissions and medial olivocochlear system: patients with tinnitus and no hearing loss].

BACKGROUND Tinnitus. AIM To compare the results of otoacoustic emissions for transitory stimulus (TEOAE) and the functioning of the olivocochlear medial system, in individuals with normal hearing sensibility, with and without tinnitus. METHOD Participants of this study were 60 subjects, with tonal thresholds and acoustic imitance measurements within normal standards, distributed in two groups: group one--30 subjects with tinnitus and group two--30 subjects without tinnitus, paired up by gender and age. Both groups were submitted to the TEOAE test, with and without the presence of white contralateral white noise at 60dB NPS. For the 19 subjects who presented unilateral tinnitus, TEOAE and suppression results were compared regarding the variables of side, taking in consideration the presence of tinnitus. RESULTS In the group comparison, with and without tinnitus, there was no significant statistical difference for the incidence of TEOAE, response levels, and incidence of the suppression effect. Significant statistical difference was not observed between the right and left ears in the group with tinnitus. For the 19 subjects with unilateral tinnitus, a higher amplitude of the responses and a higher suppression incidence were observed for the right ear, as well as a higher incidence of tinnitus and a lower incidence of suppression for the left ear. CONCLUSION There was no significant statistical difference for both TEOAE incidence and response levels, as well as for the functioning of the olivocochlear medial system between the subjects, with normal hearing sensibility, with and without tinnitus. For the subjects who presented unilateral tinnitus, the overall TEOAE reponse levels was significantly higher in the ear with no tinnitus and the olivocochlear medial system was significantly less efficient in the ear with tinnitus.
Compensation of voltage sags and swells by using Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)

The most important aspect for electrical engineering is power quality in recent year. Power quality problem is an event of abnormal voltage, current or frequency. Utility distribution networks experience from various types of disturbances. The major problems dealt here are the voltage sags/swells. Now the fast developments in power electronics technology have made it possible to mitigate power quality problems. Such as, dynamic voltage restorer can provide the most mercantile solution to compensate voltage sag/swell by injecting voltage in to the sensitive system. Dynamic Voltage Restorer is a series connected power electronics based device that can mitigate the power quality issues in the system and restore the load voltage to the pre-fault value. This review paper first gives an introduction to related power quality problems for a DVR and power electronics controllers for voltage sag/swell compensation. Afterwards the operation and elements in DVR is described by using new control strategy.
Temporal and Spatial Determination of Germin Biosynthesis in Wheat Tissues

In the current study, the biosynthesis of germin was determined in the organs of wheat embryos during germination. The temporal and spatial determination of germin protein was carried out by employing an anti-germin sera in gel-blot analysis. Germin was detected in the coleoptile, roots and vascular transition region of and 6-day-old germinated wheat seedlings. It was shown that the leaf tissue acquires germin accumulation only at the late stage of germination. The pellet fraction of protein homogenate obtained from embryos at different ages revealed higher germin accumulation than the supernatant fraction from the same sources.
Measuring the Customer Perceived Service Quality for Life Insurance Services: An Empirical Investigation

Liberalization of the financial services sector has led to insurance companies functioning increasingly under competitive pressures; so companies are consequently directing their strategies towards increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty through improved service quality. The present study strives to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure customer perceived service quality in life-insurance sector. The resulting validated instrument comprised of six dimensions: assurance, personalized financial planning, competence, corporate image, tangibles and technology. Further the results of analytical hierarchy process highlighted the priority areas of service instrument with assurance is the best predictor, followed by competence and personalized financial planning. The gap scores show that there is ample room for improvement in all the aspects related to service quality. These results would help the service managers to efficiently allocate attention and resources among these dimensions on the differential basis, consistent with the customer priorities. These findings can be transformed into effective strategies and actions for achieving competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and retention.
Evasiveness and the Distribution of Prime Numbers

We confirm the eventual evasiveness of several classes of monotone graph properties under widely accepted number theoretic hypotheses. In particular we show that Chowla's conjecture on Dirichlet primes implies that (a) for any graph $H$, "forbidden subgraph $H$" is eventually evasive and (b) all nontrivial monotone properties of graphs with $\le n^{3/2-\epsilon}$ edges are eventually evasive. ($n$ is the number of vertices.) While Chowla's conjecture is not known to follow from the Extended Riemann Hypothesis (ERH, the Riemann Hypothesis for Dirichlet's $L$ functions), we show (b) with the bound $O(n^{5/4-\epsilon})$ under ERH. We also prove unconditional results: (a$'$) for any graph $H$, the query complexity of "forbidden subgraph $H$" is $\binom{n}{2} - O(1)$; (b$'$) for some constant $c>0$, all nontrivial monotone properties of graphs with $\le cn\log n+O(1)$ edges are eventually evasive. Even these weaker, unconditional results rely on deep results from number theory such as Vinogradov's theorem on the Goldbach conjecture. Our technical contribution consists in connecting the topological framework of Kahn, Saks, and Sturtevant (1984), as further developed by Chakrabarti, Khot, and Shi (2002), with a deeper analysis of the orbital structure of permutation groups and their connection to the distribution of prime numbers. Our unconditional results include stronger versions and generalizations of some result of Chakrabarti et al.
Genetic Structure of a Rural Region in Spain: Distribution of Surnames and Gene Flow

Abstract The biodemography of isolated populations with a subsistence economy is of special interest because the conditions to which the populations have been subjected are similar to those present over a large part of the history of our species, and hence the conclusions drawn can be extrapolated to other similar populations. In the present work, we used two recently employed techniques (self-organizing maps and Monmonier's algorithm) to study the genetic structure of a small rural region: Fuentes Carrionas (province of Palencia, Spain). The study was based on information contained in marriage registers and family reconstructions for the period 1880–1979. We calculated the coefficients of relationships (Hedrick) among the parishes (by isonymy and parent-offspring matrix) and studied their relationship with geographic distances (Mantel). Then, using Monmonier's algorithm, we examined the genetic barriers. Finally, by applying self-organizing maps, we studied the distribution of surnames. The correlation between genetic distance matrices estimated through surnames and gene flow was high (p < 0.01), and geographic distance was found to be significantly related to both surnames and gene flow (p < 0.01); geographic distance therefore seems to be the main factor of isolation. However, the genetic barriers revealed a region divided in two, and the surname distribution displayed an identical division: 29.56% of the surnames appeared almost exclusively in the northeastern half and 21.91% appeared only in the southwest. Both techniques afforded coherent and complementary results. Their combined use allows a detailed study to be made. Although geographic distance was the strongest determining factor, we detected others factors (orographic and socioeconomic) that seem to have left their mark on the genetic structure of Fuentes Carrionas.
Semantic Visualization for Short Texts with Word Embeddings

Semantic visualization integrates topic modeling and visualization, such that every document is associated with a topic distribution as well as visualization coordinates on a low-dimensional Euclidean space. We address the problem of semantic visualization for short texts. Such documents are increasingly common, including tweets, search snip-pets, news headlines, or status updates. Due to their short lengths, it is difﬁcult to model semantics as the word co-occurrences in such a corpus are very sparse. Our approach is to incorporate auxiliary information, such as word embeddings from a larger corpus, to supplement the lack of co-occurrences. This requires the development of a novel semantic visualization model that seamlessly integrates visualization coordinates, topic distributions, and word vectors. We propose a model called GaussianSV, which outperforms pipelined baselines that derive topic models and visualization coordinates as disjoint steps, as well as semantic visualization base-lines that do not consider word embeddings.
The Extracellular IFI16 Protein Propagates Inflammation in Endothelial Cells Via p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 Activation.

The nuclear interferon-inducible-16 (IFI16) protein acts as DNA sensor in inflammasome signaling and as viral restriction factor. Following Herpesvirus infection or UV-B treatment, IFI16 delocalizes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and is eventually released into the extracellular milieu. Recently, our group has demonstrated the occurrence of IFI16 in sera of systemic-autoimmune patients that hampers biological activity of endothelia through high-affinity membrane binding. As a continuation, we studied the activity of endotoxin-free recombinant IFI16 (rIFI16) protein on primary endothelial cells. rIFI16 caused dose/time-dependent upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, ICAM1, VCAM1, and TLR4, while secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 was amplified with lipopolysaccharide synergy. Overall, cytokine secretion was completely inhibited in MyD88-silenced cells and partially by TLR4-neutralizing antibodies. By screening downstream signaling pathways, we found that IFI16 activates p38, p44/42 MAP kinases, and NF-.
Unified Analysis of SWIPT Relay Networks with Noncoherent Modulation

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) relay networks represent a paradigm shift in the development of wireless networks, enabling simultaneous radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) and information processing. Different from conventional SWIPT relaying schemes, which typically assume the availability of perfect channel state information (CSI), here we consider the application of noncoherent modulation in order to avoid the need of instantaneous CSI estimation/tracking and minimise the energy consumption. We propose a unified and comprehensive analytical framework for the analysis of time switching (TS) and power splitting (PS) receiver architectures with the amplify-andforward (AF) protocol. In particular, we adopt a moments-based approach to derive novel expressions for the outage probability, achievable throughput, and average symbol error rate (ASER) of the considered SWIPT system. We quantify the impact of several system parameters, involving relay location, energy conversion efficiency, and TS and PS ratio assumptions, imposed on the EH relay terminal. Our results reveal that the throughput performance of the TS protocol is superior to that of the PS protocol at lower receive signal-to-noise (SNR) values, which is in contrast to the point-to-point SWIPT systems. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study is presented to corroborate the proposed analysis.
Avoiding Energy Holes in Wireless Sensor Networks with Nonuniform Node Distribution

In this paper, we investigate the theoretical aspects of the nonuniform node distribution strategy used to mitigate the energy hole problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We conclude that in a circular multihop sensor network (modeled as concentric coronas) with nonuniform node distribution and constant data reporting, the unbalanced energy depletion among all the nodes in the network is unavoidable. Even if the nodes in the inner coronas of the network have used up their energy simultaneously, the ones in the outermost corona may still have unused energy. This is due to the intrinsic many-to-one traffic pattern of WSNs. Nevertheless, nearly balanced energy depletion in the network is possible if the number of nodes increases in geometric progression from the outer coronas to the inner ones except the outermost one. Based on the analysis, we propose a novel nonuniform node distribution strategy to achieve nearly balanced energy depletion in the network. We regulate the number of nodes in each corona and derive the ratio between the node densities in the adjacent (i + 1)th and ith coronas by the strategy. Finally, we propose (q-switch routing, a distributed shortest path routing algorithm tailored for the proposed nonuniform node distribution strategy. Extensive simulations have been performed to validate the analysis.