Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology Can Workplaces Be Predictors for Recent Onset Latent Tuberculosis in Health Care Workers?

Objective: To study the association of workplaces and recent onset latent tuberculosis (LTB) in health care workers (HCW). Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. We recruited HCW who had results of tuberculin test within 2 consecutive years from 2001–2008 and also had fixed workplaces (working hours more than 40 hours/week). Cases were subjects with tuberculin conversion, while controls were subjects with negative results of tuberculin test in two consecutive years. Tuberculin conversion was defined if a subject had a negative baseline tuberculin test and a positive tuberculin test in the next consecutive years. Baseline characteristics, workplaces (office, in-patient unit, outpatient unit, intensive care, operating room, and laboratory unit), tuberculosis related variables, and prevention strategies were studied. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for tuberculin conversion. Results: There were 624 subjects who met the criteria and 163 subjects had tuberculin conversion (26.1%; case group). The median age and male/female ratio of both groups were 39 years old and about 1:4. The cases group had higher percentage of subjects who worked at in-and outpatient department (30.7 vs 20.2 and 17.2 vs 12.2, respectively), had history of tuberculosis exposure in the past year (32.1 vs 16.1), and had history of prevention by any method and by surgical mask (49.4 vs 37.0 and 54.3 vs 38.3, respectively). Workings at in-and outpatient unit and history of tuberculosis exposure in the past year were significant predictors for tuberculin conversion (adjusted odds ratio and [95% confidence interval] of 1. Summary: Workplaces in health care facilities do increase risks of LTB in HCW, particularly in in-and outpatient unit. Policy development regarding tuberculosis infection control programs focused on workplace prevention in health care facilities in Thailand is needed.
Cost-effectiveness of yoga for managing musculoskeletal conditions in the workplace

Abstract Background Back pain and musculoskeletal conditions negatively affect the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of employees and generate substantial costs to employers. Aims To assess the cost-effectiveness of yoga for managing musculoskeletal conditions. Methods A randomized controlled trial evaluated an 8-week yoga programme, with a 6-month follow-up, for National Health Service (NHS) employees. Effectiveness in managing musculoskeletal conditions was assessed using repeated-measures generalized linear modelling for the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) and the Keele STarT Back Screening Tool. Cost-effectiveness was determined using area-under-the-curve linear regression for assessing HRQL from healthcare and societal perspectives. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was also calculated. Sickness absence was measured using electronic staff records at 6 months. Results There were 151 participants. At 6 months, mean differences between groups favouring yoga were observed for RDQ [−0.63 (95% CI, −1.78, 0.48)], Keele STarT [−0.28 (95% CI, −0.97, 0.07)] and HRQL (0.016 QALY gain). From a healthcare perspective, yoga yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £2103 per QALY. Given a willingness to pay for an additional QALY of £20 000, the probability of yoga being cost-effective was 95%. From a societal perspective, yoga was the dominant treatment compared with usual care. At 6 months, electronic staff records showed that yoga participants missed a total of 2 working days due to musculoskeletal conditions compared with 43 days for usual care participants. Conclusions Yoga for NHS employees may enhance HRQL, reduce disability associated with back pain, lower sickness absence due to musculoskeletal conditions and is likely to be cost-effective.
The bronchodilator response in preschool children: A systematic review

The bronchodilator response (BDR) is frequently used to support diagnostic and therapeutic decision‐making for children who wheeze. However, there is little evidence‐based guidance describing the role of BDR testing in preschool children and it is unclear whether published cut‐off values, which are derived from adult data, can be applied to this population.
Opioid Prescription Use in Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia

Background Although proper pain treatment may require opioids, discussion continues about possible undertreatment or overtreatment in persons with advanced dementia. Objective To investigate the prevalence of pain, frequency of opioid prescription use, and factors associated with strong opioid prescription use in nursing homes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting and Subjects Eighteen Norwegian nursing homes; 327 persons with advanced dementia and behavioral disturbances participated. Methods Potential factors associated with strong opioid prescription use were assessed: demographics (age, gender), medical conditions (comorbidity, number of medications), pain (Mobilization-Observation-Behaviour-Intensity-Dementia-2 Pain Scale ≥ 3, pain-related diagnoses, analgesic prescription use), functioning (activities of daily living, Mini-Mental State Examination) and behavior (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home version, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory). Factors with P < 0.10, age, and gender were included in multivariate regression analysis. Results The prevalence of moderate to severe pain was 62.1%. Of all participants, 19.3% (N = 63) were prescribed opioids, and of these, 79.4% (N = 50) were still in pain; 66.7% of the opioid prescriptions were less than or equal to the lowest dosage of fentanyl patches (12 mcg/h) or buprenorphine (5 or 10 mcg/h). Pain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-1.42), total number of pain-related diagnoses (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.14-1.90), and depression and anxiety (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.11) were positively associated with an opioid prescription. Stroke was negatively associated (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19-0.99). Conclusions Strong opioid prescription use was mainly associated with pain. However, in this population, despite the relatively prevalent use of strong prescription opioids, pain was still prevalent. This emphasizes the challenge of proper pain treatment and need for regular evaluation of pain and pain management.
Pramlintide but Not Liraglutide Suppresses Meal-Stimulated Glucagon Responses in Type 1 Diabetes

Context Postprandial hyperglycemia remains a challenge in type 1 diabetes (T1D) due, in part, to dysregulated increases in plasma glucagon levels after meals. Objective This study was undertaken to examine whether 3 to 4 weeks of therapy with pramlintide or liraglutide might help to blunt postprandial hyperglycemia in T1D by suppressing plasma glucagon responses to mixed-meal feedings. Design Two parallel studies were conducted in which participants underwent mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) without premeal bolus insulin administration before and after 3 to 4 weeks of treatment with either pramlintide (8 participants aged 20 ± 3 years, hemoglobin A1c 6.9 ± 0.5%) or liraglutide (10 participants aged 22 ± 3 years, hemoglobin A1c 7.6 ± 0.9%). Results Compared with pretreatment responses to the MMTT, treatment with pramlintide reduced the peak increment in glucagon from 32 ± 16 to 23 ± 12 pg/mL (P < 0.02). In addition, the incremental area under the plasma glucagon curve from 0 to 120 minutes dropped from 1988 ± 590 to 737 ± 577 pg/mL/min (P < 0.001), which was accompanied by a similar reduction in the meal-stimulated increase in the plasma glucose curve from 11,963 ± 1424 mg/dL/min pretreatment vs 2493 ± 1854 mg/dL/min after treatment (P < 0.01). In contrast, treatment with liraglutide had no effect on plasma glucagon and glucose responses during the MMTT. Conclusions Adjunctive treatment with pramlintide may provide an effective means to blunt postmeal hyperglycemia in T1D by suppressing dysregulated plasma glucagon responses. In contrast, plasma glucose and glucagon responses were unchanged after 3 to 4 weeks of treatment with liraglutide.
Cancer stem cell mediated acquired chemoresistance in head and neck cancer can be abrogated by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 inhibition

Chemoresistance leading to disease relapse is one of the major challenges to improve outcome in head and neck cancers. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are increasingly being implicated in chemotherapy resistance, this study investigates the correlation between CSC behavior and acquired drug resistance in in vitro cell line models. Cell lines resistant to Cisplatin (Cal‐27 CisR, Hep‐2 CisR) and 5FU (Cal‐27 5FUR) with high Resistance Indices (RI) were generated (RI ≥ 3) by short‐term treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines with chemotherapeutic drugs (Cisplatin, Docetaxel, 5FU), using a dose‐incremental strategy. The cell lines (Cal‐27 DoxR, Hep‐2 DoxR, Hep‐2 5FUR) that showed low RI, nevertheless had a high cross resistance to Cisplatin/5FU (P < 0.05). Cal‐27 CisR and DoxR showed 12–14% enrichment of CD44+ cells, while CisR/5FUR showed 4–6% increase in ALDH1A1+ cells as compared to parental cells (P < 0.05). Increased expression of stem cell markers (CD44, CD133, NOTCH1, ALDH1A1, OCT4, SOX2) in these cell lines, correlated with enhanced spheroid/colony formation, migratory potential, and increased in vivo tumor burden (P < 0.05). Inhibition of ALDH1A1 in Cal‐27 CisR led to down regulation of the CSC markers, reduction in migratory, self‐renewal and tumorigenic potential (P < 0.05) accompanied by an induction of sensitivity to Cisplatin (P < 0.05). Further, ex vivo treatment of explants (n = 4) from HNSCC patients with the inhibitor (NCT‐501) in combination with Cisplatin showed a significant decrease in proliferating cells as compared to individual treatment (P = 0.001). This study hence suggests an ALDH1A1‐driven, CSC‐mediated mechanism in acquired drug resistance of HNSCC, which may have therapeutic implications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The clinical manifestation, survival outcome and predictive prognostic factors of 137 patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL)

Abstract This retrospective study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL) of Chinese population. From January 2001 to December 2015, 137 patients diagnosed with PGIL were recruited. The clinical features, treatment, and follow-up information were analysed. The median patient age was 62.3 years. With 18.47 months follow-up, the 2-year progress-free survival and overall survival rate was 74.9% and 75.5%, respectively. The overall response rate was 33.6%. Age≥60 years, advanced Lugano staging (≥stage IIE), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, ≥2 extra-nodal involved sites, National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI)≥4, Ki-67≥50% were associated with worse prognosis in univariate analysis (P < .05). By multivariate analyses, we determined that the involvement of extra-nodal involved sites was the only statistically significant poor prognostic factor in PGIL. Age, staging, LDH levels, NCCN-IPI, Ki-67 especially involvement of multiple extra-nodal sites were associated with poor overall survival of PGIL.
Unravelling the Effects of the Mutation m.3571insC/MT-ND1 on Respiratory Complexes Structural Organization

Mammalian respiratory complex I (CI) biogenesis requires both nuclear and mitochondria-encoded proteins and is mostly organized in respiratory supercomplexes. Among the CI proteins encoded by the mitochondrial DNA, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) is a core subunit, evolutionary conserved from bacteria to mammals. Recently, ND1 has been recognized as a pivotal subunit in maintaining the structural and functional interaction among the hydrophilic and hydrophobic CI arms. A critical role of human ND1 both in CI biogenesis and in the dynamic organization of supercomplexes has been depicted, although the proof of concept is still missing and the critical amount of ND1 protein necessary for a proper assembly of both CI and supercomplexes is not defined. By exploiting a unique model in which human ND1 is allotopically re-expressed in cells lacking the endogenous protein, we demonstrated that the lack of this protein induces a stall in the multi-step process of CI biogenesis, as well as the alteration of supramolecular organization of respiratory complexes. We also defined a mutation threshold for the m.3571insC truncative mutation in mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1 (MT-ND1), below which CI and its supramolecular organization is recovered, strengthening the notion that a certain amount of human ND1 is required for CI and supercomplexes biogenesis.
Low Birefringence and 2-D Optical Confinement of Hollow Waveguide With Distributed Bragg Reflector and High-Index-Contrast Grating

A hollow optical waveguide is proposed in which light can be confined in an air gap between a distributed Bragg reflecting (DBR) mirror and a high-index-contrast grating (HCG) mirror. Because of the combined effect of vertical (DBR) and lateral (HCG) periodicity, the proposed hollow waveguide shows a small modal birefringence on the order of 10-4 . In addition, a patterned HCG is shown to provide 2-D optical confinement, which is an important requirement for practical compact photonic devices. The proposed hollow waveguide is fabricated, and a low birefringence of 5 times 10-4 is demonstrated experimentally.
Neither barriers nor refugia explain genetic structure in a major biogeographic break: phylogeography of praying mantises in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Abstract The Atlantic Forest is one of the world’s top biodiversity hotspots, but the diversification processes of its biota are still poorly known, with competing models attributing dominant roles to either Quaternary climatic changes or geographic barriers. Many studies identify the Doce river as a major phylogeographic break, but the reasons for this phenomenon are highly debated. Here we test the predictions of the refugial and barrier models for a common species of praying mantis, Miobantia fuscata, focusing in the areas immediately south and north of the Doce river. Our analyses show high intraspecific genetic diversity, deep coalescence times and no evidence for recent population expansion. Phylogeographic structure is inconsistent with a refugial hypothesis. Significant gene flow between northern and southern populations also conflicts with a strong role for geographic barriers. This study highlights the need for considering invertebrate taxa to infer recent landscape changes, and points towards a more complex picture of genetic diversification in the Atlantic Forest.
Comparing Integral and Incidental Emotions: Testing Insights From Emotions as Social Information Theory and Attribution Theory

Studies have indicated that observers can infer information about others’ behavioral intentions from others’ emotions and use this information in making their own decisions. Integrating emotions as social information (EASI) theory and attribution theory, we argue that the interpersonal effects of emotions are not only influenced by the type of discrete emotion (e.g., anger vs. happiness) but also by the target of the emotion (i.e., how the emotion relates to the situation). We compare the interpersonal effects of emotions that are integral (i.e., related to the situation) versus incidental (i.e., lacking a clear target in the situation) in a negotiation context. Results from 4 studies support our general argument that the target of an opponent’s emotion influences the degree to which observers attribute the emotion to their own behavior. These attributions influence observers’ inferences regarding the perceived threat of an impasse or cooperativeness of an opponent, which can motivate observers to strategically adjust their behavior. Specifically, emotion target influenced concessions for both anger and happiness (Study 1, N = 254), with perceived threat and cooperativeness mediating the effects of anger and happiness, respectively (Study 2, N = 280). Study 3 (N = 314) demonstrated the mediating role of attributions and moderating role of need for closure. Study 4 (N = 193) outlined how observers’ need for cognitive closure influences how they attribute incidental anger. We discuss theoretical implications related to the social influence of emotions as well as practical implications related to the impact of personality on negotiators’ biases and behaviors.
Trends in the exploitation of South Atlantic shark populations

Approximately 25% of globally reported shark catches occur in Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries. Strong declines in shark populations have been detected in the North Atlantic, whereas in the South Atlantic the situation is less clear, although fishing effort has been increasing in this region since the late 1970s. We synthesized information on shark catch rates (based on 871,177 sharks caught on 86,492 longline sets) for the major species caught by multiple fleets in the South Atlantic between 1979 and 2011. We complied records from fishing logbooks of fishing companies, fishers, and onboard observers that were supplied to Brazilian institutions. By using exploratory data analysis and literature sources, we identified 3 phases of exploitation in these data (Supporting Information). From 1979 to 1997 (phase A), 5 fleets (40 vessels) fished mainly for tunas. From 1998 to 2008 (phase B), 20 fleets (100 vessels) fished for tunas, swordfishes, and sharks. From 2008 to 2011 (phase C), 3 fleets (30 vessels) fished for multiple species, but restrictive measures were implemented. We used generalized linear models to standardize catch rates and identify trends in each of these phases. Shark catch rates increased from 1979 to 1997, when fishing effort was low, decreased from 1998 to 2008, when fishing effort increased substantially, and remained stable or increased from 2008 to 2011, when fishing effort was again low. Our results indicate that most shark populations affected by longlines in the South Atlantic are currently depleted, but these populations may recover if fishing effort is reduced accordingly. In this context, it is problematic that comprehensive data collection, monitoring, and management of these fisheries ceased after 2012. Concurrently with the fact that Brazil is newly identified by FAO among the largest (and in fastest expansion) shark sub‐products consumer market worldwide.
A program to support self‐efficacy among athletes

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a proprietary program for increasing self‐efficacy among track and field athletes through vicarious experience and successful control over excitation and to determine the changes in the cognitive dimensions related to self‐efficacy: dispositional optimism, hope of success and locus of control. An experimental two‐group design with a pre‐test and a post‐test in the experimental and control groups was used. Forty‐two athletes (29 women and 13 men) aged 17 to 24 years randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups took part in the study. The General Scale of Self‐Efficacy, Hope for Success Questionnaire, Life Orientation Test Revised, and Internal‐External Locus of Control Scale were used. The study's results indicate that the program was effective. Participants in the intervention group demonstrated a substantial increase in self‐efficacy (P = 0.001). This was not observed in the control group (P = 0.732). After the completion of the program, athletes in the intervention group had significantly higher levels of self‐efficacy (P = 0.001) and optimism (P = 0.017). They also had more internal locus of control compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Contrary to expectations, athletes in the intervention group demonstrated a substantially lower level of propensity in pathways (P = 0.001) as well as in agency (P = 0.001) (both components of the hope for success).
Systemic corazonin signalling modulates stress responses and metabolism in Drosophila

Stress triggers cellular and systemic reactions in organisms to restore homeostasis. For instance, metabolic stress, experienced during starvation, elicits a hormonal response that reallocates resources to enable food search and readjustment of physiology. Mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its insect orthologue, adipokinetic hormone (AKH), are known for their roles in modulating stress-related behaviour. Here we show that corazonin (Crz), a peptide homologous to AKH/GnRH, also alters stress physiology in Drosophila. The Crz receptor (CrzR) is expressed in salivary glands and adipocytes of the liver-like fat body, and CrzR knockdown targeted simultaneously to both these tissues increases the fly's resistance to starvation, desiccation and oxidative stress, reduces feeding, alters expression of transcripts of Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs), and affects gene expression in the fat body. Furthermore, in starved flies, CrzR-knockdown increases circulating and stored carbohydrates. Thus, our findings indicate that elevated systemic Crz signalling during stress coordinates increased food intake and diminished energy stores to regain metabolic homeostasis. Our study suggests that an ancient stress-peptide in Urbilateria evolved to give rise to present-day GnRH, AKH and Crz signalling systems.
The Association Between Social Support and Stages of Change in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

For survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), it is often difficult to take steps to establish safety and obtain a violence free life. Researchers have applied stage of change theory to aid in understanding the experience of survivors, as well as, the factors that can help women who desire to make changes in or break free from a violent relationship. Social support is one factor that can be helpful to IPV survivors who are attempting to make changes in their relationship. The purpose of the current study was to examine the differences in social support experienced by women who are at varying points in the process of change. Shelter residents (N = 191) participated in this cross-sectional non-experimental study. Analyses demonstrated five distinct clusters or profiles of change among study participants and were labeled by the authors as follows: preparticipation, decision making, engagement, ambivalent, and action. All forms of social support (i.e., structural, functional, and satisfaction) were generally higher for individuals more engaged in the process of change. More specifically, differences were noted between the action and decision-making clusters and the engagement and decision-making clusters. These findings suggest that it is vital that clinicians working with survivors of IPV not only assess but also tailor interventions to meet survivors where they are in the process of change. Further, interventions that foster survivors’ abilities to develop reliable and satisfying social support networks will be beneficial for survivors of IPV.