Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Relationships and PTSD Symptomatology in Combat Veterans

The primary purpose of this study is to determine if recent combat veterans discriminate between different sources of social support, and then preliminarily investigate the relationship of social support source on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Participants included 83 married male combat veterans. Principal-axis factor analysis with equamax rotation observed four distinct latent factors for each source of support examined. ANOVAs were performed to determine the relationship of each source of support from the distinct latent factors on the level of PTSD. Results indicate that the level of PTSD is related to support received from a significant other, F(1, 81) 30.36, p . 001, family, F(1, 81) 8.10, p . 006, and military peers, F(1, 81) 6.70, p . 011, but not friends, F(1, 81) 1.79, p . 18. In general, higher levels of support from each category were associated with lower levels of PTSD in combat veterans. The results suggest that combat veterans distinguish between specific sources of social support, which may have a protective effect on the level of PTSD.
Nutrition knowledge and food intake

In many studies, correlations between nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviour have failed to reach statistical significance, leading researchers to question the relevance of nutrition knowledge to food choice, and the value of nutrition education campaigns. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge and intake of fat, fruit and vegetables using a well-validated measure of nutrition knowledge. The study was a postal survey, using 1040 adult participants selected at random from General Practitioners' lists in England. Nutrition knowledge and food intake followed the expected demographic patterns. Knowledge was significantly associated with healthy eating, and the effect persisted after controlling for demographic variables. Logistic regression showed that respondents in the highest quintile for knowledge were almost 25 times more likely to meet current recommendations for fruit, vegetable and fat intake than those in the lowest quintile. Nutrition knowledge was shown to be a partial mediator of the socio-demographic variation in intake, especially for fruit and vegetables. This demonstrates the value of using more sophisticated statistical techniques to investigate associations between knowledge and food intake and indicates that knowledge is an important factor in explaining variations in food choice. The results support the likely value of including nutrition knowledge as a target for health education campaigns aimed at promoting healthy eating.
Enteric co‐innervation of striated muscle fibers in the esophagus: Just a “hangover”?

Striated muscle of the esophagus was until recently considered to consist of “classical” skeletal muscle fibers innervated by cholinergic vagal motoneurons. The recently described co‐innervation originating from enteric neurons expressing nNOS, VIP, NPY, and galanin added a new dimension of complexity. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge about, and to get further hints as to the possible function of enteric co‐innervation of striated esophageal muscle fibers.
Performance Evaluation of U.S. Socially Responsible Mutual Funds: Revisiting Doing Good and Doing Well

Do socially responsible funds, as a whole, perform as well as the average of all mutual funds in their respective categories? This paper examines fund characteristics as well as risk and performance measures of all available socially responsible funds (SRFs) in the U.S. mutual fund industry over the last fifteen years. The contribution of this paper is two unique findings. First, although SRFs have had a relative advantage in terms of lower expense ratios, lower annual turnover rates, lower tax cost ratios, and lower risk, SRFs also exhibit lower returns, and two risk-adjusted return measures indicate SRFs have inferior reward-to-risk performance. In particular, domestic stock SRFs have not generated competitive returns relative to conventional funds in the same categories over the past ten to fifteen years. These results contrast those found in the extant SRI literature which suggest socially responsible investing has little or no cost. Second, a finer partitioning by fund type reveals not all SRFs have similar relative performance. SRFs in balanced fund and fixed-income fund categories, especially during the past three years, have performed better than the category averages with lower risk, higher returns, and higher risk-adjusted returns. This suggests the costs of socially responsible investing are not homogenous.
FK506 ENHANCED OSTEOBLASTIC DIFFERENTIATION IN MESENCHYMAL CELLS

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a bone‐derived growth factor capable of promoting the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteogenic lineage pathways. Recently, immunosuppressants were reported to cause a moderate increase in osteoblastic differentiation in a rat osteoblast‐like osteosarcoma cell line. If immunosuppressants can induce osteoblastic differentiation, it will be useful for bone tissue transplantation. We assessed the effect of immunosuppressants with or without BMP‐4 on inducing osteoblastic differentiation in osteoblast‐like and other mesenchymal cells. FK506, an immunosuppressant often used clinically, induced a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, one of the markers of osteoblast differentiation, in cells derived from mesenchyma. In the presence of BMP‐4, ALP activity, mRNA levels of ALP and osteocalcin increased. FK506 was found to not only stimulate osteoblastic differentiation, but also to enhance BMP‐4 induced osteoblastic differentiation. These results suggest that FK506 promotes differentiation of osteoblastic cells.
Culture and service predisposition among hospitality students in Switzerland and Scotland

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to investigate the impact of ethnic/national culture on service predisposition, using Lee‐Ross's Service Predisposition (SP) Survey, plus items from Hofstede's IBM attitudes survey and from the Chinese Values Survey.Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of international students studying hospitality management at two hotel schools in Switzerland and one in Scotland. The questionnaire was administered to all who had recently completed an internship as part of their programme of study. The two Swiss schools produced 179 usable questionnaires and the Scottish school, 98. Thus data were obtained from students from many different nationalities, and effects due to differences in organisational culture or teaching methods were controlled.Findings – Significant relationships were found between the SP components and the Chinese value dimensions. The Hofstede cultural dimensions showed anomalous results. The biggest differences within the sample were those between .
The effects of perceived funding trends on non‐profit advocacy: A national survey of non‐profit advocacy organizations in the United States

Purpose – This paper seeks to examine executive directors' perceptions of the relationship between access to funding and an organization's programmatic and advocacy activities.Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on data from a national survey of executive directors of non‐profit advocacy organizations in the USA. The organizations were selected because they served minority and disadvantaged groups, and were heavily reliant on public funding.Findings – The findings indicate that several factors are associated with how organizations balance their programmatic and advocacy activities. They include dependence on public funding, constituencies served, and perception of funders. Despite evidence for institutional pressures to reduce advocacy activities, the results indicate that such activities are sustainable in organizations with a strong individual donor base. In essence, a stable source of grassroots resources can counter institutional pressures to reduce advocacy.Research limitations/implicat.
Public transport service quality and sustainable development: A community stakeholder perspective

A key element in achieving sustainability's triple-bottom-line goals is a good public transport system. Many studies have shown the relationship between effective public transport services and sustainable development at the city level. The purpose of this study is to introduce and use a SERVQUAL framework to measure public transport services within a master-planned community in Australia. The stakeholder survey findings suggest a wide gap between community expectations of public transport services and the actual service quality provided. This was consistent across all commuter groups. In particular, the findings have been useful in shedding broad light on the areas where improvements are needed most, i.e. responsiveness and reliability of services, to encourage greater use of public transport within the community level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Digital Divide and Economic Opportunity: Does Internet Use Matter for Less-Skilled Workers

Karen Mossberger, University of Illinois at Chicago mossberg@uic.edu312. 413.8246 Caroline Tolbert, University of Iowa Caroline-tolbert@uiowa.edu 319.335. 2358 Kimberly Johns, University of Illinois at Chicago kjohns39@uic.edu Bridgett King, Kent State University bking@kent.edu Prepared for delivery at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 30-September 3, 2006. Copyright by the American Political Science Association.
Are There Efficiency Gains from the Removal of Natural Resource Export Restrictions? Evidence from British Columbia

Log export bans (LEBs) are a popular development tool utilised by developing nations with sizable endowments of timber; however, the actual impact of these policies is debatable. British Columbia has a developed forestry sector and still maintains a LEB. This trade restriction continually creates conflicts with Canada's international trade partners, including the United States. This paper examines the efficiency implications of a hypothetical removal of roundwood export restrictions in British Columbia using roundwood price and quantity data from 1995 to 2008. A time‐series econometric approach is utilised to determine supply and demand elasticities for British Columbia's roundwood. Empirical results from a vector error correction model suggest that a removal of export restrictions will generate an overall increase of approximately $347.91 million US dollars per year to British Columbia's forest economy.
Saving Children from a Life of Crime: Early Risk Factors and Effective Interventions

Foreword 1. Introduction: The Need for Early Prevention PART I: EARLY RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS 2. Understanding Risk and Protective Factors 3. Individual Factors 4. Family Factors 5. Socioeconomic, Peer, School, and Community Factors PART II: PREVENTION IN THE EARLY YEARS 6. Understanding Risk-Focused Prevention 7. Individual Prevention 8. Family Prevention 9. Peer, School, and Community Prevention PART III: TOWARD A NATIONAL STRATEGY 10. Never Too Early: A Comprehensive National Prevention Strategy Notes References Index
Intrathecal Fibrinolytic Therapy after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Dosage Study in a Primate Model and Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT: Because of the naturally low fibrinolytic activity of CSF many erythrocytes entrapped in subarachnoid blood clot undergo hemolysis in situ, releasing vasogenic oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) in high concentrations around the basal cerebral arteries. In order to promote more rapid clearance of erythrocytes from the basal subarachnoid cisterns we are currently investigating intrathecal thrombolytic therapy with human, recombinant, tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in a primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and cerebral vasospasm (VSP). In the present study 16 monkeys were divided into 4 groups of 4, and each group received a different dose of sustained-release gel rt-PA at the time of experimental SAH. Cerebral angiography seven days later showed that whereas no VSP occurred in the groups receiving 0.5 or 0.75 mg of rt-PA, mild to moderate VSP occurred in the groups receiving 0.125 or 0.25 mg of rt-PA. Analysis of the combined 2 smaller dosage groups revealed significant (P<0.05) reduction of lumen caliber in the clotside internal carotid (C3 and C4), proximal anterior cerebral (A1) and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries. Gross subarachnoid clot remained in all of the animals in the 0.125 and 0.25 mg dose groups, in 2 of the animals in the 0.5 mg dose group, and none of the animals in the 0.75 mg dose group. It was concluded that 0.75 mg of gel rt-PA is sufficient to completely lyse a 4.25 ml SAH and prevent VSP in our primate model. The literature on fibrinolysis and erythrocyte clearance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is reviewed.
Measuring e‐commerce‐quality: an exploratory review

Purpose – There are various influences that affect e‐commerce quality which in turn affect customer online purchasing decisions. An understanding of these influences can lead to greater electronic marketing effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an exhaustive literature review on this issue in order to help identify the main aspects influencing e‐commerce quality.Design/methodology/approach – First, there is an explanation regarding the main attributes of the concepts that are examined in the paper, with special attention being paid to the factors that are influencing e‐commerce quality and the relationships among them. This is followed by an examination of the validation processes of the various measuring instruments. Finally, the paper maps and measures all possible factors that are influencing e‐commerce quality.Findings – After the examination of numerous studies, the paper identifies the main factors that are influencing the perceived quality in e‐commerce and their relative importanc.
Soil and Foliar Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Five Cropping Systems in the Coastal Plains of North Carolina

Abstract Soil and foliar arthropod populations in agricultural settings respond to environmental disturbance and degradation, impacting functional biodiversity in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate system level management effects on soil and foliar arthropod abundance and diversity in corn and soybean. Our field experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replicates for five farming systems which included: Conventional clean till, conventional long rotation, conventional no-till, organic clean till, and organic reduced till. Soil arthropod sampling was accomplished by pitfall trapping. Foliar arthropod sampling was accomplished by scouting corn and sweep netting soybean. Overall soil arthropod abundance was significantly impacted by cropping in corn and for foliar arthropods in soybeans. Conventional long rotation and organic clean till systems were highest in overall soil arthropod abundance for corn while organic reduced till systems exceeded all other systems for overall foliar arthropod abundance in soybeans. Foliar arthropod abundance over sampling weeks was significantly impacted by cropping system and is suspected to be the result of in-field weed and cover crop cultivation practices. This suggests that the sum of management practices within production systems impact soil and foliar arthropod abundance and diversity and that the effects of these systems are dynamic over the cropping season. Changes in diversity may be explained by weed management practices as sources of disturbance and reduced arthropod refuges via weed reduction. Furthermore, our results suggest agricultural systems lower in management intensity, whether due to organic practices or reduced levels of disturbance, foster greater arthropod diversity.
Equilibrium Verification and Reporting Policies in a Model of Tax Compliance

Noncompliance with tax laws and other forms of criminal activity have typically been treated as equivalent; both have been modeled in decision­ theoretic terms, with the same probability of detection applying to all agents. However, noncompliance with tax laws is different from other criminal activities because taxpayers are required to submit a preliminary accounting of their behavior, while potential criminals obviously are not. This preliminary round of information transmission differentiates individuals, and raises the possibility that it may not be optimal to apply the same probability of detection to all taxpayers. We develop a game-theoretic model of income tax compliance in which the taxpayer possesses private information about his own income, while the IRS knows only the probability distribution according to which the taxpayer's income is realized. By investing effort, the IRS can (stochastically) verify a taxpayer's income. We characterize the sequential equilibrium for this game, which consists of a reporting rule for the individual taxpayer, and a verification policy for the IRS. Our equilibrium has the feature that taxpayers with greater true income under-report less than those with lower true income, and efforts at verification are lower the greater is reported income. If individuals can be classified on the basis of some observable characteristic which is related to opportunities for income, we find that classes of taxpayers who enjoy greater opportunities for high income under-report to a greater extent; accordingly, more effort is devoted to their investigation. This is to be distinguished from the former result, which applies to different types of taxpayers within
Sex differences in lower extremity stiffness and kinematics alterations during double-legged drop landings with changes in drop height

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether sex differences and effect of drop heights exist in stiffness alteration of the lower extremity during a landing task with a drop height increment. Twelve male participants and twelve female participants performed drop landings at two drop heights (DL40 and DL60; in cm). The leg and joint stiffnesses were calculated using a spring–mass model, and the joint angular kinematics were calculated using motion capture. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded using a force plate. The peak vertical GRF of the females was significantly increased when the drop height was raised from 40 to 60 cm. Significantly less leg and knee stiffness was observed for DL60 in females. The ankle, knee, and hip angular displacement during landing were significantly increased with drop height increment in both sexes. The knee and hip flexion angular velocities at contact were significantly greater for the 60 cm drop height relative to the 40 cm drop height in males. These sex disparities regarding the lower extremity stiffness and kinematics alterations during drop landing with a drop height increment would predispose females to lower extremity injury.
Physiologic changes of the cornea with contact lens wear.

PURPOSE This article reviews the corneal changes resulting from the hypoxia that occurs during sleep and specifically during contact lens wear. METHODS Discussion includes a literature review and observations regarding the changes to the corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium that take place during sleep and wearing of contact lenses made from different materials. RESULTS Hypoxia and hypercapnia cause significant changes to the corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. Some of these changes can also be seen following the sleep cycle. Epithelial changes include decreased metabolic rate, morphologic changes, microcysts, changes in junctional integrity, decreased corneal sensation, and pannus formation. Stromal changes include stromal edema, stromal acidosis, neovascularization, and changes in corneal shape and, ultimately, corneal thinning. Endothelial changes include bleb formation, polymegethism, changes in endothelial cell density, and possible changes in endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS There are multiple and significant corneal changes resulting from hypoxia and hypercapnia. These changes vary with the specific lens style. The high-oxygen-permeable contact lenses recently introduced may overcome some of these problems.
Digitally adjusting chromogenic dye proportions in brightfield microscopy images

We present an algorithm to adjust the contrast of individual dyes from colour (red–green–blue) images of dye mixtures. Our technique is based on first decomposing the colour image into individual dye components, then adjusting each of the dye components and finally mixing the individual dyes to generate colour images. Specifically in this paper, we digitally adjust the staining proportions of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) chromogenic dyes in tissue images. We formulate the physical dye absorption process as a non‐negative mixing equation, and solve the individual components using non‐negative matrix factorisation (NMF). Our NMF formulation includes camera dark current in addition to the mixing proportions and the individual H and E components. The novelty of our approach is to adjust the dye proportions while preserving the color of nonlinear dye interactions, such as pigments and red blood cells. In this paper we present results for only H&E images, our technique can easily be extended to other staining techniques.
The Distribution of Power Among Corporate Managers, Shareholders, and Directors

This article surveys the seventeen papers in this special issue of the Journal of Financial Economics, and related work. The major findings are: (1) patterns of stock ownership by insiders and outsiders can influence managerial behavior, corporate performance, and stockholder voting in election contests; (2) corporate leverage, inside stock ownership by managers, and the control market are interrelated; (3) departures from one share/one vote affect firm value and efficiency; (4) takeover resistance through defensive restructurings or poison pill provisions is associated with declines in share price; and (5) top management turnover is inversely related to share price performance.
Just‐in‐Time Production System : Some Requirements for Implementation

Many consider that Japanese manufacturing management techniques are among several factors which have contributed to Japan's superior quality and high growth rate of productivity. Just‐In‐Time (JIT) is one of the best known Japanese production management systems amongst management in the Western industrialised nations. In this paper the JIT manufacturing system and its key features are discussed. The important prerequisites and factors that are required for implementation of JIT in Western industrialised nations are then elaborated on. It is concluded that proper implementation of the JIT production system requires many changes in the organisation; yet successful implementation results in improved productivity and higher quality.
Response of the EAA Financial Reporting Standards Committee to the IASB Discussion Paper A Review of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Abstract The European Accounting Association (EAA) Financial Reporting Standards Committee (FRSC) provided a response to the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB's) 2013 Discussion Paper (DP) on completing and revising its Conceptual Framework. The response consisted of a literature-based discussion of the issues raised in the IASB paper and responses to the questions asked. The following paper has omitted the responses to specific questions but otherwise sets out the arguments made to the IASB, together with introductory material to indicate the context. The FRSC paper follows the order of the IASB DP.