Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volcanic evolution in the Galápagos: The dissected shield of Volcan Ecuador

Volcan Ecuador, a young, active shield volcano at the northwest tip of Isabela Island, Galápagos, experienced at least one sector collapse event that removed its western half. The compositions of lavas exposed in the old caldera wall and fault scarps dissecting the outer shield together with young post‐collapse lavas provide insights into the history of this volcano. 40Ar/39Ar and cosmogenic 3He dating reveal that sector collapse occurred at <100 Ka. Prior to sector collapse most magma erupted from circumferential dikes that fed the summit carapace and other dikes that fed vents on the caldera floor. Almost all of the erupted magmas cooled and underwent fractional crystallization in the lower crust or upper mantle, where clinopyroxene crystallization dominated. Magmas then rose to a small (∼0.1 km3), steady state, subcaldera magma chamber where plagioclase, along with lesser amounts of olivine and clinopyroxene, crystallized. Sector collapse perturbed the plumbing system in a way that now allows some magmas, particularly those erupted on the East Rift, to bypass the magma chamber. Sector collapse also opened new pathways to the surface that enabled magma to erupt at low elevation, effectively cutting the magma supply to the summit. The paucity of summit eruptions over the past 100,000 years accounts for the old, eroded appearance of the shield. Subtle variations in isotopic and trace element composition occurred over the past 100,000 years, with the net change being toward slightly more depleted compositions. These variations most likely reflect small‐scale (<5 km) heterogeneity superimposed on more regular regional patterns of mantle composition beneath the Galápagos. Overall, however, the compositional variation at Volcan Ecuador has been minimal, suggesting that, unlike Hawaii, the compositions of magmas do not substantially change while the volcano is in its shield‐building phase.
Unsupervised Discovery of Normal and Abnormal Activity Patterns in Indoor and Outdoor Environments

In this paper we propose an adaptive system for monitoring indoor and outdoor environments using movement patterns. Our system is able to discover normal and abnormal activity patterns in absence of any prior knowledge. We employ several feature descriptors, by extracting both spatial and temporal cues from trajectories over a spatial grid. Moreover, we improve the initial feature vectors by applying sparse autoencoders, which help at obtaining optimized and compact representations and improved accuracy. Next, activity models are learnt in an unsupervised manner using clustering techniques. The experiments are performed on both indoor and outdoor datasets. The obtained results prove the suitability of the proposed system, achieving an accuracy of over 98% in classifying normal vs. abnormal activity patterns for both scenarios. Furthermore, a semantic interpretation of the most important regions of the scene is obtained without the need of human labels, highlighting the flexibility of our method.
Metacogonitive and Motivational Cultural Intelligence: Superpowers for Creativity an a Culturally Diverse Environment

We propose that employees who are highly motivated for cultural interactions (motivational cultural intelligence) and can modify their thinking about cultural differences (metacognitive cultural intelligence) are more likely to be creative in culturally diverse environments. Based on the social categorization theory, we propose that metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence will be positively related to individual creativity. Moreover, we predict that metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence can decrease the negative aspects of the social categorization process and, in turn, be positively related to creativity. A quantitative analysis of 787 employees in 20 SME multicultural companies in the Adriatic region shows that metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence are in fact positively related to individual creativity. We discuss the implications for practice and future research. DOI: 10.15458/85451.18
Parallel Constraint Handling in a Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm for the Automotive Deployment Problem

The component deployment problem is a complex multiobjective optimisation task faced by engineers in the automotive industry. Thus far, the best-known solutions to this problem have been achieved using the NSGA-II algorithm combined with a constraint handling method based on repairing solutions that have been rendered infeasible by the genetic operators. It can reasonably be assumed that an approach that repairs solutions immediately after a change has limited coverage of the infeasible space. Exchanging solutions with other algorithms may help enhance the search space coverage. However, we observe an improvement in performance through parallelisation only after increasing the complexity of the problem.
Development of a quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the field detection of Erysiphe necator

Plant pathogen detection systems have been useful tools to monitor inoculum presence and initiate management schedules. More recently, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was successfully designed for field use in the grape powdery mildew pathosystem; however, false negatives or false positives were prevalent in grower-conducted assays due to the difficulty in perceiving the magnesium pyrophosphate precipitate at low DNA concentrations. A quantitative LAMP (qLAMP) assay using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based probe was assessed by grape growers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Custom impaction spore samplers were placed at a research vineyard and six commercial vineyard locations, and were tested bi-weekly by the lab and by growers. Grower-conducted qLAMP assays used a beta-version of the Smart-DART handheld LAMP reaction devices (Diagenetix, Inc., Honolulu, HI, USA), connected to Android 4.4 enabled, Bluetooth-capable Nexus 7 tablets for output. Quantification by a quantitative PCR assay was assumed correct to compare the lab and grower qLAMP assay quantification. Growers were able to conduct and interpret qLAMP results; however, the Erysiphe necator inoculum quantification was unreliable using the beta-Smart-DART devices. The qLAMP assay developed was sensitive to one spore in early testing of the assay, but decreased to >20 spores by the end of the trial. The qLAMP assay is not likely a suitable management tool for grape powdery mildew due to losses in sensitivity and decreasing costs and portability for other, more reliable molecular tools.
MCL1 gene co‐expression module stratifies multiple myeloma and predicts response to proteasome inhibitor‐based therapy

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic cancer, characterized by abnormal accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. The extensive biological and clinical heterogeneity of MM hinders effective treatment and etiology research. Several molecular classification systems of prognostic impact have been proposed, but they do not predict the response to treatment nor do they correlate to plasma cell development pathways. Here we describe the classification of MM into two distinct subtypes based on the expression levels of a gene module coexpressed with MCL1 (MCL1‐M), a regulator of plasma cell survival. The classification system enabled prediction of the prognosis and the response to bortezomib‐based therapy. Moreover, the two MM subtypes were associated with two different plasma cell differentiation pathways (enrichment of a preplasmablast signature versus aberrant expression of B cell genes). 1q gain, harboring 63 of the 87 MCL1‐M members including MCL1, was found in about 80% of the MM with upregulated MCL1‐M expression. Clonal analysis showed that 1q gain tended to occur as an early clonal event. Members of MCL1‐M captured both MM cell‐intrinsically acting signals and the signals regulating the interaction between MM cells with bone marrow microenvironment. MCL1‐M members were co‐expressed in mouse germinal center B cells. Together, these findings indicate that MCL1‐M may play previously inadequately recognized, initiating role in the pathogenesis of MM. Our findings suggest that MCL1‐M signature‐based molecular clustering of MM constitutes a solid framework toward understanding the etiology of this disease and establishing personalized care.
Single Graft Utilization From Donors With Severe Acute Kidney Injury After Circulatory Death

Abstract Chronic shortages of organs for transplantation have led to the use of marginal kidneys from donors after circulatory death with acute kidney injury (AKI), but the utilization of kidneys with severe AKI is not well established. We retrospectively analyzed eight kidney transplantation (KTx) cases from donation after circulatory death (DCD) with terminal creatinine (t-Cr) concentrations higher than 10.0 mg/dL and/or oliguria for more than 5 days (AKI network criteria: stage III). Although all patients showed delayed graft function, no cases of primary nonfunction (PNF) were found. Five patients maintained stable renal function for approximately 15.5, 10, 10, 5, and 0.5 years after KTx. Only 1 patient showed biopsy-proven acute rejection. Also, 2 patients developed graft failure: one attributable to chronic antibody mediated rejection at 11.3 years after KTx, and one attributable to recurrence of IgA nephropathy at 4.6 years after KTx. Kidneys with AKI stage III yielded great outcomes without the risk of primary nonfunction and rejection. Although the AKI kidneys were associated with delayed graft function, these results suggest that even the most severe kidneys with AKI stage III from DCD donors can be considered a valid alternative for recipients on a waiting list for KTx.
Effect of Midmorning Puree Snacks on Subjective Appetite, Food Intake, and Glycemic and Insulin Responses in Healthy Adults

ABSTRACT Objective: Dietary pattern changes, as a part of a healthy lifestyle, may improve weight management. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of midmorning puree snacks varying in macronutrient composition and energy content on subjective appetite, food intake, and glycemic and insulin responses in healthy adults. Method: In a randomized, repeated measures crossover design, 6 treatments (snack skipping and purees: control [186 kcal], maltodextrin [272 kcal], whey protein [201 kcal], oat [276 kcal], and coconut oil [276 kcal]) were administered to 23 normal weight adults (n = 14 males, n = 9 females). Subjective appetite, blood glucose, and insulin responses were measured at regular intervals for 2 hours immediately followed by an ad libitum pizza lunch. In vitro digestion experiments were conducted to corroborate results of the human trial. Results: Compared to snack skipping, all snack treatments similarly reduced subjective average appetite (net area under the curve), but only oat (p < 0.032) and coconut oil (p < 0.031) purees significantly decreased test meal food intake. However, caloric compensation did not differ among snack treatments (p < 0.73). Both blood glucose (incremental area under the curve [iAUC]; p < 0.0001) and serum insulin (iAUC; p < 0.0001) were affected by treatment. A positive correlation was found between blood glucose iAUC and in vitro glucose release (r = 0.993, p < 0.0001). The release of free fatty acids (FFAs) was sustained, and oats were difficult to disintegrate during in vitro digestion. Conclusions: Compared with snack skipping, coconut oil and oat puree snacks suppressed short-term food intake, which was likely due to the sustained release of FFA and slowly digestible oats, respectively. Our in vitro digestion model predicted the relative differences in the glycemic response in vivo.
Two-dimensional solution path for support vector regression

Recently, a very appealing approach was proposed to compute the entire solution path for support vector classification (SVC) with very low extra computational cost. This approach was later extended to a support vector regression (SVR) model called ε-SVR. However, the method requires that the error parameter ε be set a priori, which is only possible if the desired accuracy of the approximation can be specified in advance. In this paper, we show that the solution path for ε-SVR is also piecewise linear with respect to ε. We further propose an efficient algorithm for exploring the two-dimensional solution space defined by the regularization and error parameters. As opposed to the algorithm for SVC, our proposed algorithm for ε-SVR initializes the number of support vectors to zero and then increases it gradually as the algorithm proceeds. As such, a good regression function possessing the sparseness property can be obtained after only a few iterations.
An Overview of the Aerosol Deposition Method: Process Fundamentals and New Trends in Materials Applications

Ceramic materials typically have to be sintered at high temperatures, often above 1000 °C. This precludes the coating of lower-melting substrate materials, such as metals, glasses and polymers, with dense and robust thin or thick ceramic films. In addition, decomposition or uncontrolled volatilization of the ceramic components can occur at elevated temperatures. As an alternative, the Aerosol Deposition (AD) method is a spray coating process to produce dense and nanocrystalline ceramic films at room temperature directly from an initial bulk powder on almost any substrate material with no need for sintering. This great potential attracts the attention of a growing number of research groups as reflected by a rapidly growing number of publications. The objective of this review is to give a holistic overview of the AD science and technology. It describes typical process equipment and parameters and starting powder and resulting film characteristics. Special attention is given to Al2O3, TiO 2, BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, as they represent a few of the most frequently used ceramics in AD. Aerosol Deposition of many other materials are also described to demonstrate the versatility of this new technology, its ability to realize novel combinations of materials and microstructures, and its suitability for future applications. Also discussed is the current state of understanding of aerosol deposition behavior and the experimental and modeling approaches used to explain the primary aerosol deposition mechanism(s).
Effectiveness of Social Skills Training in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Objective:To study the efficacy of social skill-training on the positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive function of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Method:100 subjects who met with the criteria of Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Schizophrenia were randomly assigned to the skill-training group (50 patients) and the control group (50 patients). Under the condition of stable antipsychotic medication, the skill-training group received the skill-training course offered by Liberman RP for 12 weeks. BPRS and SANS were used to evaluate every four weeks; WCST and SDSI were evaluated before and after the treatment.Result:(1) 45 patients of skill-training group and 46 patients of control group completed the study. (2) There were significant differences between skill-training group and control group in total score, anxiety depression and lacking active factor of BPRS (P0.05). The decreasing rate of the five factors' BPRS score showed significant difference between skill-training and control group starting from 8 or 12 weeks. (3) After receiving 12 weeks skill-training course, all five factors (flat affect, poverty of thought, lack of will, poor mood and disturbance of attention) of SANS and the total score in skill-training group were significant lower compared to control group(P0.05). The decreasing rate of the flat affect, poverty of thought, lack of will and SANS total score showed significant difference between skill-training and control group starting 8 weeks (P0.05). (4) There were significance in CC, PR, PE, TE and TCL between skill-training group and control group (P0.05). (5) The results of SDSI evaluation before and after skill-training showed that there was significant difference before and after skill-training in skill -training group, and between skill-training and control group.Conclusion:The positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive function of chronic schizophrenics could be improved by the social skill-training.
Mining Unlabeled Electronic Music Databases through 3D Interactive Visualization of Latent Component Relationships

We present an interactive content-based MIR environment specifically designed to aid in the exploration of databases of experimental electronic music, particularly in cases where little or no metadata exist. In recent years, several rare archives of early experimental electronic music have become available. The Daphne Oram Collection contains one such archive, consisting of approximately 120 hours of 1/4 inch tape recordings and representing a period dating from circa 1957. This collection is recognized as an important musicological resource, representing aspects of the evolution of electronic music practices, including early tape editing methods, experimental synthesis techniques and composition. However, it is extremely challenging to derive meaningful information from this dataset, primarily for three reasons. First, the dataset is very large. Second, there is limited metadata some titles, track lists, and occasional handwritten notes exist, but where this is true, the reliability of the annotations are unknown. Finally, and most significantly, as this is a collection of early experimental electronic music, the sonic characteristics of the material are often not consistent with traditional musical information. In other words, there is no score, no known instrumentation, and often no recognizable acoustic source. We present a method for the construction of a frequency component dictionary derived from the collection via Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis (PLCA), and demonstrate how an interactive 3D visualization of the relationships between the PLCA-derived dictionary and the archive is facilitating researcher’s understanding of the data.
Insects as food: perception and acceptance

The production of animal protein is linked to high resource consumption, requiring a lot of agricultural land, water and energy. Traditional livestock farming and meat production are also morally questionable. Interest in alternative protein sources which can be produced using fewer resources has rapidly increased in recent years. Due to a report by the FAO [1] and the commitment of individual scientists, public interest in insects as an alternative protein source has increased. Insects can be a source of high-quality protein (i.e. source of essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals) depending on the species, stage of development and diet [2]. In comparison to some meat products they also have lower concentrations of cholesterol alongside a favorable n-3/n-6-fatty acid ratio [3–5]. Another advantage of insects is that their production is comparatively environmentally-friendly. A recently published comparison of the environmental impact of different meat alternatives demonstrated that insect and soya flour based alternatives have the lowest environmental impact, that milk and gluten-based alternatives have a moderate impact and that cultured meat or myco-, i.e. mushroom based, analogues (e.g. QuornTM) have the highest impact [6]. Approx. 2,000 species of edible insects have been identified globally to date [7]. In many cultural spheres, e.g. in East Asia, Africa and South America, they are harvested from the wild and are part of the traditional diet [1]. In contrast, in Western countries they tend to trigger disgust rather than a desire to eat. The present article gives an overview of the current data available on the subject of the perception and acceptance of insects as food from a consumer perspective. Abstract
Attentional and Nonattentional Forms of Sequence Learning

This research investigated the hypothesis that sequential patterns of behavior can be learned by 2 independent mechanisms. One requires attention to the relation between successive events, whereas the other operates independently of such attention. In 4 experiments, subjects learned visuospatial sequences in a serial reaction time task. The relation between attentional and nonattentional learning was explored by assessing the extent to which learning transferred between conditions with or without distraction. The results suggest that attentional and nonattentional learning operate independently, in parallel, do not share information, and represent sequential information in qualitatively different ways. A fundamental type of learning in which humans excel is the learning of sequential patterns of behavior. In four experiments, we investigated the hypothesis that humans exhibit two forms of sequential learning. One form of learning requires attention to the relation between successive events in the sequence, not only for acquisition but also for the expression of the learning in performance. We hypothesized that the other type of sequential learning did not require attention to these relations. Furthermore, these two forms of learning are independent of one another, with no communication or sharing of information between them. If subjects perform a series of behavioral acts that occur in a predictable order and under conditions relatively free of distraction, we suppose that attentionally based and nonattentionally based learning of the sequence occur in parallel. If distraction is added during learning, the attentional form is disabled, but the nonattentional one is unmodified. That is, attention is neither necessary nor helpful to the nonattentional form of learning. This hypothesis is similar to ideas examined by other investigators but is also different in several ways. Nissen and her colleagues (Nissen & Bullemer, 1987; Willingham, Nissen, & Bullemer, 1989; see also Lewicki, Hill, & Bizot, 1988; Stadler, 1989) have suggested that learning of sequences can be either procedural (without awareness) or declarative (with awareness). Both of these, according to Nissen, require attention. We distinguish both of those forms from a third, nonattentional type of learning.
Effects of Storage Duration on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

This study explored the physicochemical and nutritional changes associated with storage duration of fresh tomatoes. Fruits of the ‘TY Megaton’ and ‘Yureka’ tomato cultivars were harvested at the pink stage and stored at 12℃ for 20 days. During storage, firmness, weight loss, skin color (Hunter L, a, b, a / b values), soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, antioxidant contents (lycopene, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics) and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Firmness was above the minimum marketable limit and fresh weight loss was below maximum acceptable weight loss after 3 weeks of storage, and no deleterious effect on antioxidant contents or activities were observed. Significant differences in SSC, TA, and pH were seen between varieties, but not between fruits stored for different durations. In both varieties, Hunter a values increased more than five-fold after 8 days of storage; this correlated with a more than four-fold accumulation of lycopene after two weeks of storage. The antioxidant activity of tomatoes was highest at the beginning of the storage period, likely because of the effective DPPH - reducing power of ascorbic acid and total phenolics. Antioxidant activity increased after 12 days of storage because of increasing lycopene content. Hence, this study indicates that pink - stage tomatoes may be stored at 12℃ for up to 3 weeks without affecting marketability or nutritional value.