Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XMM-Newton Study of A3562 and Its Immediate Shapley Environs

Using a mosaic of six XMM-Newton observations, we study the hydrodynamic state of A3562, a cluster in the center of the Shapley supercluster. The X-ray image reveals a sharp surface brightness gradient within the core of A3562, a 200 kpc ridge extending to the southwest. A nearby group, SC 1329-313, imaged within this program also exhibits a tail aligned with the ridge. Study of the pressure and entropy identified the ridge with a 40% pressure enhancement. An associated Mach number of 1.15 relative to a polytropic sound speed for a 5 keV plasma requires the velocity of the group to be 1400 km s-1, while the projected velocity difference between the cluster and the group amounts to 1200-1500 km s-1. Apparent disruption of the group, if attributed to the ram pressure, also requires the velocity of the group in the cluster frame to amount to 1700 ± 150 km s-1. The sharp surface brightness gradient at the center is identified with a contact discontinuity, which together with dovetails in the large-scale entropy distribution reveals a sloshing of the bright cluster galaxy in response to the passage of the SC 1329-313 group. Using the extent of the low-entropy tails in A3562, we estimate the amplitude of sloshing motion to be 200 h kpc and the oscillation frequency to be 1 Gyr.
PATTERNS NONLINEAR CLASSIFIERS OF WELD DEFECTS IN INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIES

The progresses in researches for the development of an automatic system to analyze weld defects in radiographic images have been evident in the last years. Such research refers to a detailed study of nonlinear classifiers of patterns implemented by artificial neural networks, in order to classify existing weld defects in radiographed weld joints. To increase the reliability of the obtained results, radiographic patterns of the IIW (International Institute of Welding) were used. Geometrical features of the defect classes are used as inputs of the classifiers. The relevance of such features to classify the studied classes was also evaluated. Techniques of analysis of the principal components of discrimination, which were also developed by neural networks, are described in order to visualize in two dimensions the classification problem, as well as the obtained classification performance with the obtained components. The results proved the efficiency of such technique for the data used in the study.
An analysis of the determinants of sports participation and time spent in different sporting contexts

ABSTRACT Using data from a survey of Irish adults, this study analyses sport participation from the perspective of four different sporting contexts, organised training, organised competition, participating with friends and family and individual activities. The results reinforce the belief that different profiles of sports participants exist. Volunteers, club members and spectators at events are all more likely to be involved in organised sporting activities. City dwellers, highly educated individuals and individuals with disabilities are more likely to spend time in a sporting activity on their own. Gender and lifecycle variables are also important in determining the type of sport activity an individual undertakes. Income, whilst being a barrier to overall sport participation, does not surprisingly influence the choice of sporting context. A clear implication is that the funding and development of policies toward increased sports participation rates need to be designed in such a way to appeal to different sporting preferences.
Robust Hybrid Image Watermarking based on Discrete Wavelet and Shearlet Transforms

With the growth of digital networks such as the Internet, digital media have been explosively developed in e-commerce and online services. This causes problems such as illegal copy and fake ownership. Watermarking is proposed as one of the solutions to such cases. Among different watermarking techniques, the wavelet transform has been used more because of its good ability in modeling the human visual system. Recently, Shearlet transform as an extension of Wavelet transform which is based on multi-resolution and multi-directional analysis is introduced. The most important feature of this transform is the appropriate representation of image edges. In this paper a hybrid scheme using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Shearlet Transform (DST) is presented. In this way, the host image is decomposed using DWT, and then its low frequency sub-band is decomposed by DST. After that, the bidiagonal singular value decomposition (BSVD) is applied on the selected sub-band from Shearlet transform and the gray-scale watermark image is embedded into its bidiagonal singular values. The proposed method is examined on the images with different textures and resistance is evaluated against various attacks like image processing and geometric attacks. The results show good transparency and high robustness in proposed method.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Treatment of Whiplash-Associated Disorders

Objectives Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) are the most common injuries that are associated with car collisions in Japan and many Western countries. However, there is no clear evidence regarding the potential risk factors for poor recovery from WAD. Therefore, we used an online survey of the Japanese population to examine the association between potential risk factors and the persistence of symptoms in individuals with WAD. Materials and Methods An online survey was completed by 127,956 participants, including 4,164 participants who had been involved in a traffic collision. A random sample of the collision participants (n = 1,698) were provided with a secondary questionnaire. From among the 974 (57.4%) respondents to the secondary questionnaire, we selected 183 cases (intractable neck pain that was treated over a period of 6 months) and 333 controls (minor neck pain that was treated within 3 months). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the potential risk factors for prolonged treatment of WAD. Results Female sex, the severity of the collision, poor expectations of recovery, victim mentality, dizziness, numbness or pain in the arms, and lower back pain were associated with a poor recovery from WAD. Conclusions In the present study, the baseline symptoms (dizziness, numbness or pain in the arms, and lower back pain) had the strongest associations with prolonged treatment for WAD, although the psychological and behavioral factors were also important. These risk factors should be considered when evaluating patients who may have the potential for poor outcomes.
Overprotection in Adolescent Friendships

Abstract:For the first time, we investigate associations between overprotective behavior within the context of adolescent friendships and psychosocial outcomes. Young adolescents participating in two studies (Ns = 270 and 179; 49% boys) completed self-report measures of psychological functioning, social problems (also assessed with peer nominations), and friendship quality. To assess friend over-protection, curvilinear effects of self-reported friend protection were examined in Study 1, and a self-report measure of parental overprotection was adapted to describe friend overprotection in Study 2. Gender and shyness (Study 2 only) were considered as moderators of associations between friend (over)protection and outcomes. Results from regression analyses revealed significant associations between extreme levels of friend protection/overprotection and indices of psychological and social maladjustment, with some associations specific to highly shy adolescents. These studies together represent a first step toward understanding a previously unexplored feature of adolescent friendships that may have important implications for psychological well-being and social adjustment.
Gingival Epithelial Cell Transcriptional Responses to Commensal and Opportunistic Oral Microbial Species

ABSTRACT Transcriptional profiling and ontology tools were utilized to define the biological pathways of gingival epithelial cells modulated by coculture with the oral commensal Streptococcus gordonii and the opportunistic commensal Fusobacterium nucleatum. Overall, F. nucleatum and S. gordonii perturbed the gingival epithelial cell transcriptome much less significantly than the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans perturbed the transcriptome, indicating that there was a greater degree of host adaptation by the commensal species (M. Handfield, J. J. Mans, G. Zheng, M. C. Lopez, S. Mao, A. Progulske-Fox, G. Narasimhan, H. V. Baker, and R. J. Lamont, Cell. Microbiol. 7:811-823, 2005). The biological pathways significantly impacted by F. nucleatum and S. gordonii included the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Differential regulation of GADD45 and DUSP4, key components of the MAPK pathway, was confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting. Modulation of the MAPK pathway is likely to affect host cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, both the MAPK and Toll-like receptor pathways ultimately converge on cytokine gene expression. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of secreted interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 demonstrated that F. nucleatum induced production of these cytokines, whereas S. gordonii inhibited secretion from the epithelial cells. Stimulation of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from epithelial cells may reflect the invasive phenotype of F. nucleatum and contribute to the greater pathogenic potential of F. nucleatum than of S. gordonii.
CellsCell Stimulatory Capacity to Mouse Dendritic Associated with Th1 Responses Confer NK TLR-Dependent Activation Stimuli

Dendritic cells (DCs) have an important role in the activation of NK cells that exert direct antitumor and antimicrobial effects and can inﬂuence the development of adaptive T cell responses. DCs acquire NK cell stimulatory capacity after exposure to various stimuli. In this study we investigated the nature of the stimuli that confer to DCs the NK cell-activating capacity. After exposure of DCs to TLR-dependent and -independent microbial stimuli and to nonmicrobial stimuli, we evaluated the ability of activated DCs to elicit IFN- (cid:1) production from NK cells in vitro and to promote NK cell activation in vivo. We show in this study that only TLR-dependent microbial stimuli typically associated with Th1 responses confer to DCs the ability to activate NK cells, whereas stimuli associated with Th2 responses do not have this property. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 286–292.
Synthetic Trace Generation for the Internet : An Integrated Model

We document a synthetic trace generation model that captures two salient features of IP destination address traces that are critical to the performance of Internet forwarding systems. First, the degree of temporal locality in the trace can be controlled. Second, the trace can include a selected number of large flows that represent, for example, the result of transferring large files over highspeed links. To combine these features, we integrated the frequencies of large flows into the least recently used stack model (LRUSM). Synthetic traces generated using this technique accurately reproduce the behavior of real traces and can be used for parallel forwarding system performance evaluation.
Where is the neck?

Background and purpose — The alpha angle is the most used measurement to classify concavity of the femoral head-neck junction. It is not only used for treatment decisions for hip impingement, but also in cohort studies relating hip morphology and osteoarthritis. Alpha angle measurement requires identification of the femoral neck axis, the definition of which may vary between studies. The original “3-point method” uses 1 single point to construct the femoral neck axis, whereas the “anatomic method” uses multiple points and attempts to define the true anatomic neck axis. Depending on the method used, the alpha angle may or may not account for other morphological characteristics such as head-neck offset. Methods — We compared 2 methods of alpha angle measurement (termed “anatomic” and “3-point”) in 59 cadaver femora and 83 cross-table lateral radiographs of asymptomatic subjects. Results were compared using Bland-Altman plots. Results — Discrepancies of up to 13 degrees were seen between the methods. The 3-point method had an “equalizing effect” by disregarding femoral head position relative to the neck: in femora with high alpha angle, it resulted in lower values than anatomic measurement, and vice versa in femora with low alpha angles. Using the anatomic method, we derived a reference interval for the alpha angle in normal hips in the general population of 30–66 degrees. Interpretation — We recommend the anatomic method because it also reflects the position of the femoral head on the neck. Consensus and standardization of technique of alpha angle measurement is warranted, not only for planar measurements but also for CT or MRI-based measurements.
Pathways From Caring and Engaging Adults to Youth Vocational Identity: The Mediational Roles of Career Search Self-Efficacy and Goal Capacity

This study examines the role played by access to caring and engaging adults, career search self-efficacy (CSSE), and goal capacity in the development of youth vocational identity. The study used a bootstrapping approach to analyze data, collected from a survey of 1,579 youths enrolled in 14 U.S. high schools, to test a hypothesized serial multiple mediation model. Results indicate both direct and multiple indirect pathways from adults influences to the youth vocational identity. Two specific pathways of influence were found through CSSE and goal capacity respectively. Additionally, a serial multiple mediation effect was found whereby CSSE and goal capacity collectively mediated the relationship. This indicates that greater access to caring and engaging adults contributes to higher CSSE, which accounts for a higher level of goal capacity, and eventually leads to the better vocational identity in youth. These findings establish notable implications for practices that are discussed in closing.
Combining Word Embedding with Information Retrieval to Recommend Similar Bug Reports

Similar bugs are bugs that require handling of many common code files. Developers can often fix similar bugs with a shorter time and a higher quality since they can focus on fewer code files. Therefore, similar bug recommendation is a meaningful task which can improve development efficiency. Rocha et al. propose the first similar bug recommendation system named NextBug. Although NextBug performs better than a start-of-the-art duplicated bug detection technique REP, its performance is not optimal and thus more work is needed to improve its effectiveness. Technically, it is also rather simple as it relies only upon a standard information retrieval technique, i.e., cosine similarity. In the paper, we propose a novel approach to recommend similar bugs. The approach combines a traditional information retrieval technique and a word embedding technique, and takes bug titles and descriptions as well as bug product and component information into consideration. To evaluate the approach, we use datasets from two popular open-source projects, i.e., Eclipse and Mozilla, each of which contains bug reports whose bug ids range from [1,400000]. The results show that our approach improves the performance of NextBug statistically significantly and substantially for both projects.
The effect of corneal cross-linking on the anterior and posterior parameters of the cornea: A prospective repeatability study

Objective. To determine the effect of corneal cross-linking (CXL) on the anterior and posterior corneal indices in terms of their repeatability and change as measured with Pentacam. Methods. Thirty eyes of 30 patients with progressive keratoconus undergoing CXL were enrolled. At each visit (pre-CXL, 6 and 12 months after CXL), imaging were done twice, one hour apart to determine the repeatability index (RI) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). For same session measurements, we computed the intra-session repeatability. We also calculated 4 measures of change by subtracting baseline from 1-year results and determined the repeatability of measures of change. Results. There was no significant difference between the intra-session RI at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months for anterior Kmax-3mm (P=0.609), anterior Kmin-3mm (P=0.548), Kmax-8mm (P=0.860), posterior Kmax-3mm (P=0.717), posterior Kmin-3mm (P=0.548), Q-value-6mm (P=0.890), central corneal thickness (P=0.751), minimum corneal thickness (P=0.787), or anterior chamber depth (P=0.760). The ICCs for these indices were higher than 0.9. For keratoconus indices, there was no significant difference between the intra-session RI at baseline and follow-ups (P>0.05), and the ICC were higher than 0.9 except for baseline and 6-month index of height asymmetry (IHA). The ICC for all 1-year measures of change were more than 0.75 except for posterior corneal indices and IHA. Conclusion. Pentacam repeatability of different indices is not affected by CXL. However, the change of indices showed high variance, which should be taken into consideration, especially in systematic reviews because inter-study differences can be due to low repeatability of the measures of change.
Intracellular collagen degradation mediated by uPARAP/Endo180 is a major pathway of extracellular matrix turnover during malignancy

We recently reported that uPARAP/Endo180 can mediate the cellular uptake and lysosomal degradation of collagen by cultured fibroblasts. Here, we show that uPARAP/Endo180 has a key role in the degradation of collagen during mammary carcinoma progression. In the normal murine mammary gland, uPARAP/Endo180 is widely expressed in periductal fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells that line mammary epithelial cells. This pattern of uPARAP/Endo180 expression is preserved during polyomavirus middle T–induced mammary carcinogenesis, with strong uPARAP/Endo180 expression by mesenchymal cells embedded within the collagenous stroma surrounding nests of uPARAP/Endo180-negative tumor cells. Genetic ablation of uPARAP/Endo180 impaired collagen turnover that is critical to tumor expansion, as evidenced by the abrogation of cellular collagen uptake, tumor fibrosis, and blunted tumor growth. These studies identify uPARAP/Endo180 as a key mediator of collagen turnover in a pathophysiological context.
Hyaluronan Regulates Cell Behavior: A Potential Niche Matrix for Stem Cells

Hyaluronan is a linear glycosaminoglycan that has received special attention in the last few decades due to its extraordinary physiological functions. This highly viscous polysaccharide is not only a lubricator, but also a significant regulator of cellular behaviors during embryogenesis, morphogenesis, migration, proliferation, and drug resistance in many cell types, including stem cells. Most hyaluronan functions require binding to its cellular receptors CD44, LYVE-1, HARE, layilin, and RHAMM. After binding, proteins are recruited and messages are sent to alter cellular activities. When low concentrations of hyaluronan are applied to stem cells, the proliferative activity is enhanced. However, at high concentrations, stem cells acquire a dormant state and induce a multidrug resistance phenotype. Due to the influence of hyaluronan on cells and tissue morphogenesis, with regards to cardiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis, it is now been utilized as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration. This paper summarizes the most important and recent findings regarding the regulation of hyaluronan in cells.
Low Incidence of HIV-1C Acquired Drug Resistance 10 Years after Roll-Out of Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study

The emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations has mainly been linked to the duration and composition of antiretroviral treatment (ART), as well as the level of adherence. This study reports the incidence and pattern of acquired antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and long-term outcomes of ART in a prospective cohort from Northwest Ethiopia. Two hundred and twenty HIV-1C infected treatment naïve patients were enrolled and 127 were followed-up for up to 38 months on ART. ART initiation and patients’ monitoring was based on the WHO clinical and immunological parameters. HIV viral RNA measurement and drug resistance genotyping were done at baseline (N = 160) and after a median time of 30 (IQR, 27–38) months on ART (N = 127). Viral suppression rate (HIV RNA levels ≤ 400 copies/ml) after a median time of 30 months on ART was found to be 88.2% (112/127), which is in the range for HIV drug resistance prevention suggested by WHO. Of those 15 patients with viral load >400 copies/ml, six harboured one or more drug resistant associated mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region. Observed NRTIs resistance associated mutations were the lamivudine-induced mutation M184V (n = 4) and tenofovir associated mutation K65R (n = 1). The NNRTIs resistance associated mutations were K103N (n = 2), V106M, Y181S, Y188L, V90I, K101E and G190A (n = 1 each). Thymidine analogue mutations and major drug resistance mutations in the protease (PR) region were not detected. Most of the patients (13/15) with virologic failure and accumulated drug resistance mutations had not met the WHO clinical and/or immunological failure criteria and continued the failing regimen. The incidence and pattern of acquired antiretroviral drug resistance mutations is lower and less complex than previous reports from sub Saharan Africa countries. Nevertheless, the data suggest the need for virological monitoring and resistance testing for early detection of failure. Moreover, adherence reinforcement will contribute to improving overall treatment outcomes.
Differential cataract blindness by sex in India: Evidence from two large national surveys

Aims: Women suffer disproportionately more from cataract blindness compared to males in low- and middle-income countries. Two large population-based surveys have been undertaken in India at an interval of 7 years and data from these surveys provided an opportunity to assess the trends in gender differentials in cataract blindness. Materials and Methods: Data were extracted from the surveys to discern sex differences in cataract blindness. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for confounders and their impact on gender differences in cataract blindness. Blindness was defined as presenting vision <20/400 in the better eye, and a cataract blind person was defined as a blind person where the principal cause of loss of vision was cataract. Results: Prevalence of cataract blindness was higher in females compared to males in both surveys. The odds of cataract blindness for females did not change over time as observed in the surveys (1999–2001 and 2006–2007). Adjusted odds ratio from logistic regression analysis revealed that females continued to be at a higher risk of cataract blindness. Conclusions: Sex differences continued in India in relation to cataract blindness despite the gains made by the national program.
Quantifying Structure Differences in Literature Using Symbolic Diversity and Entropy Criteria

Abstract We measured entropy and symbolic diversity of texts written in English and Spanish. We included texts by Literature Nobel laureates and other famous authors. We formed four groups of texts according to the combinations of language used and the author’s Literature Nobel Prize condition. Entropy, symbol diversity and symbol frequency profiles were compared for these four groups. We also built a scale sensitive to the quality of writing and evaluated its relationship with the Flesch’s readability index for English and the Szigriszt’s perspicuity index for Spanish. Results suggest a correlation between entropy and word diversity with quality of writing. Text genre also influences the resulting entropy and diversity of the text. Results suggest the plausibility of automated quality assessment of texts.