Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
238Pu elimination profiles after delayed treatment with 3,4,3LI(1,2HOPO) in female and male Swiss-Webster mice

Abstract Purpose: To characterize the dose-dependent and sex-related efficacy of the hydroxypyridinonate decorporation agent 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) at enhancing plutonium elimination when post-exposure treatment is delayed. Materials and methods: Six parenteral dose levels of 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) from 1–300 μmol/kg were evaluated for decorporating plutonium in female and male Swiss-Webster mice administered a soluble citrate complex of 238Pu and treated 24 hours later. Necropsies were scheduled at four time-points (2, 4, 8, and 15 days post-contamination) for the female groups and at three time-points (2, 4, and 8 days post-contamination) for the male groups. Results: Elimination enhancement was dose-dependent in the 1–100 μmol/kg dose range at all necropsy time-points, with some significant reductions in full body and tissue content for both female and male animals. The highest dose level resulted in slight toxicity, with a short recovery period, which delayed excretion of the radionuclide. Conclusions: While differences were noted between the female and male cohorts in efficacy range and recovery times, all groups displayed sustained dose-dependent 238Pu elimination enhancement after delayed parenteral treatment with 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO), the actinide decorporation agent under development.
Comparison of Two Relaxation Techniques to Reduce Physiological Indices of Anxiety in a Person with Mild Mental Retardation

Purpose : Occupational therapists play an important role in improving the occupational performance of persons with mental retardation. Relaxation techniques are a preparatory activity used by occupational therapists to enhance occupational performance. When working with persons who are mentally retarded, one preparatory technique related to anxiety reduction is relaxation strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 2 relaxation treatment techniques: paced respiration technique and an object manipulation technique on heart rate as a physiological measure of anxiety, in a person with mild mental retardation. Methods : This study used a single subject alternating treatment design consisting of a 14 session treatment phase (paced respiration or object manipulation) followed by a best-treatment phase with 5 sessions. Each session consisted of an acclimation, treatment, and post-treatment period. Staff who worked with the participant on a regular basis were surveyed to ascertain their opinion of the social validity of the best treatment. Results : There were no statistically significant differences in heart rate when comparing the paced respiration to the object manipulation technique. The object manipulation technique was chosen as the best-treatment because it was found to have more of a lasting effect after the treatment was ended. Within each treatment, between the acclimation and the post period, each technique produced a statistically significant difference in heart rate. Staff agreed this research was socially valid. Discussion : Since both the paced respiration and object manipulation techniques individually reduced heart rate in an individual with mental retardation, both could be used to influence anxiety. Because staff viewed the object manipulation treatment in a positive manner, they may be more likely to implement this type of treatment. Occupational therapists working with individuals with mental retardation may find the use of these two relaxation methods effective as preparatory intervention strategies.
Chapter 1 Semantic Web Service Coordination

Semantic service coordination aims at the coherent and efficient discovery, composition, negotiation, and execution of semantic Web services in a given environment and application context. What makes coordination of services in the semantic Web different from its counterpart in the Web is its far more advanced degree of automation through means of logic based reasoning on heterogeneous service and data semantics. In this chapter, we only focus on approaches to semantic discovery and composition planning of semantic Web services, and briefly comment on their interrelationships and selected open problems of both fields. For reasons of space limitations, the set of presented examples is representative but not exhaustive.
The Severe Adverse Reaction to Vitamin K1 Injection Is Anaphylactoid Reaction but Not Anaphylaxis

The severe adverse reaction to vitamin K1 injection is always remarkable and is thought to result from anaphylaxis. Paradoxically, however, some patients administered vitamin K1 injection for the first time have adverse reactions. Using beagle dogs, the present study tested the hypothesis that the response to vitamin K1 is an anaphylactoid reaction. The results showed that serious anaphylaxis-like symptoms appeared in beagle dogs after the administration of vitamin K1 injection for the first time. The plasma histamine concentration increased, and blood pressure decreased sharply. After sensitization, dogs were challenged with vitamin K1 injection and displayed the same degree of symptoms as prior to sensitization. However, when the vitamin K1 injection-sensitized dogs were challenged with a vitamin K1-fat emulsion without solubilizers such asTween-80, the abnormal reactions did not occur. Furthermore, there was no significant change in the plasma immunoglobulin E concentration after vitamin K1 challenge. Following treatment with vitamin K1 injection, the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase by rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells as well as the rate of apoptosis increased. The Tween-80 group displayed results similar to those observed following vitamin K1 injection in vivo. However, the dogs in the vitamin K1-fat emulsion group did not display any abnormal behavior or significant change in plasma histamine. Additionally, degranulation and apoptosis did not occur in rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. Our results indicate that the adverse reaction induced by vitamin K1 injection is an anaphylactoid reaction, not anaphylaxis. Vitamin K1 injection induces the release of inflammatory factors via a non-IgE-mediated immune pathway, for which the trigger may be the solubilizer.
In Vivo Bypass of Chaperone by Extended Coiled-Coil Motif in T4 Tail Fiber

ABSTRACT The distal-half tail fiber of bacteriophage T4 is made of three gene products: trimeric gp36 and gp37 and monomeric gp35. Chaperone P38 is normally required for folding gp37 peptides into a P37 trimer; however, a temperature-sensitive mutation in T4 (ts3813) that suppresses this requirement at 30°C but not at 42°C was found in gene 37 (R. J. Bishop and W. B. Wood, Virology 72:244-254, 1976). Sequencing of the temperature-sensitive mutant revealed a 21-bp duplication of wild-type gene 37 inserted into its C-terminal portion (S. Hashemolhosseini et al., J. Mol. Biol. 241:524-533, 1994). We noticed that the 21-amino-acid segment encompassing this duplication in the ts3813 mutant has a sequence typical of a coiled coil and hypothesized that its extension would relieve the temperature sensitivity of the ts3813 mutation. To test our hypothesis, we crossed the T4 ts3813 mutant with a plasmid encoding an engineered pentaheptad coiled coil. Each of the six mutants that we examined retained two amber mutations in gene 38 and had a different coiled-coil sequence varying from three to five heptads. While the sequences varied, all maintained the heptad-repeating coiled-coil motif and produced plaques at up to 50°C. This finding strongly suggests that the coiled-coil motif is a critical factor in the folding of gp37. The presence of a terminal coiled-coil-like sequence in the tail fiber genes of 17 additional T-even phages implies the conservation of this mechanism. The increased melting temperature should be useful for “clamps” to initiate the folding of trimeric β-helices in vitro and as an in vivo screen to identify, sequence, and characterize trimeric coiled coils.
Effects of scatter and attenuation correction on quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flow with SPECT.

UNLABELLED Appropriate corrections for scatter and attenuation correction are prerequisites for quantitative SPECT studies. However, in most cerebral SPECT studies, uniform attenuation in the head is assumed, and scatter is usually neglected. This study evaluated the effect of attenuation correction and scatter correction on quantitative values and image contrast. METHODS Studies were performed in six normal volunteers (ages 22-26 yr) following intravenous 123I-IMP administration using a rotating, dual-head gamma camera. A transmission scan was acquired with a 99mTc rod source (74 MBq) placed at the focus of a symmetrical fanbeam collimator. Data were reconstructed using two attenuation coefficient (mu) maps: quantitative mu map from the transmission scan and a uniform mu map generated by edge detection of the reconstructed images. Narrow and broad beam mu values were used with and without scatter correction, respectively. Scatter was corrected with transmission-dependent convolution subtraction and triple-energy window techniques. Quantitative rCBF images were calculated by the previously validated IMP-autoradiographic technique, and they were compared with those obtained by (15)O-water and PET. SPECT and PET images were registered to MRI studies, and rCBF values were compared in 39 ROIs selected on MRI. RESULTS Clear differences were observed in rCBF images between the measured and constant mu maps in the lower slices due to the airways and in the higher slices due to increased skull attenuation. However, differences were < 5% in all cerebral tissue regions, thus assumption of uniform mu introduces little bias. The scatter correction was found to increase the image contrast significantly, i.e., rCBF increased by 20%-30% in gray matter and decreased in white matter regions by 10%-20% after scatter correction, increasing gray-to-white ratio to be close to that of PET measurement. The rCBF values from the two scatter correction were not significantly different, but the triple-energy window technique suffered from increased noise. After scatter correction, rCBF values were in good agreement with those measured by PET. CONCLUSION This study shows little loss in accuracy results from assuming uniform mu map. However, scatter correction is required for the quantitative rCBF values and gray-to-white ratios to approach those of PET.
The predictive capacity of the Glasgow-Blatchford score for the risk stratification of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in an emergency department.

OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of the Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS) system to identify the need for urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). METHODS An observational, retrospective study was carried out in all patients attended at the ER for suspected UGIB in one year. Patients were split into two categories -high-risk (>2) and low-risk ( < or = 2)- by means of the GBS system. RESULTS A total of 60 patients were included. Of these, 46 were classified as "high-risk" (> 2) and 14 as "low-risk" ( < or = 2) subjects.The characteristics of patients in the low-risk group included: Mean age: 46.6 +/- 13.7 (18-88) years. Males/females: 7/7. Urgent endoscopy revealed: normal (50%; n = 7); esophagitis (21.4%; n = 3); gastritis (14.2%; n = 2); Mallory-Weiss syndrome (7.1%; n = 1); non-bleeding varices (7.1%; n = 1). The characteristics of patients in the high-risk group included: Mean age: 68.7 +/- 19.8 (31-91) years. Males/females: 30/16. Digestive endoscopy revealed: Gastric/duodenal ulcer (56.52%; n = 26); normal (17.39%; n = 8); esophagitis (8.69%; n = 4); gastritis (8.69%; n = 4); angioectasia (4.34%; n = 2); bleeding varices (4.34%; n = 2). Low-risk patients exhibited no lesions requiring urgent management during endoscopy, and the sensitivity of the GBS scale for high-risk UGIB detection was found to be 100% (95% CI: 86.27%, 99.71%), with a specificity of 48.28% (95% CI: 29.89, 67.1%). CONCLUSIONS The GBS scale seems to accurately identify patients with low-risk UGIB, who may be managed on an outpatient basis and undergo delayed upper GI endoscopy at the outpatient clinic.
Neuromorphic implementation of orientation hypercolumns

Neurons in the mammalian primary visual cortex are selective along multiple stimulus dimensions, including retinal position, spatial frequency, and orientation. Neurons tuned to different stimulus features but the same retinal position are grouped into retinotopic arrays of hypercolumns. This paper describes a neuromorphic implementation of orientation hypercolumns, which consists of a single silicon retina feeding multiple chips, each of which contains an array of neurons tuned to the same orientation and spatial frequency, but different retinal locations. All chips operate in continuous time, and communicate with each other using spikes transmitted by the address-event representation protocol. This system is modular in the sense that orientation coverage can be increased simply by adding more chips, and expandable in the sense that its output can be used to construct neurons tuned to other stimulus dimensions. We present measured results from the system, demonstrating neuronal selectivity along position, spatial frequency and orientation. We also demonstrate that the system supports recurrent feedback between neurons within one hypercolumn, even though they reside on different chips. The measured results from the system are in excellent concordance with theoretical predictions.
A Genetic Algorithm-Based Antenna Selection Approach for Large-but-Finite MIMO Networks

We study the performance of antenna selection-based multiple-input-multiple-output networks with large-but-finite number of transmit antennas and receivers. Considering the continuous and bursty communication scenarios with different users’ data request probabilities, we develop an efficient antenna selection scheme using genetic algorithms (GAs). As demonstrated, the proposed algorithm is generic in the sense that it can be used in the cases with different objective functions, precoding methods, levels of available channel state information, and channel models. Our results show that the proposed GA-based algorithm reaches (almost) the same throughput as the exhaustive search-based optimal approach, with substantially less implementation complexity.
Tear Function Tests and Conjunctival Impression Cytology before and after Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women

Purpose To investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on postmenopausal tear function and the conjunctival epithelium. Methods Schirmer I-Jones test, tear film break-up time (BUT), and impression cytology findings were analyzed in 34 eyes of 17 women who were at least two years postmenopausal and not taking HRT. This series of tests was repeated after three months on HRT. Results The patients' average age was 53.82 ± 3.6 years, and the mean time postmenopause was 35.29 ± 11.59 months. There was no significant difference in the Schirmer I-Jones test results before and after three months of HRT (p > 0.05). However, the BUT (p<0.05) and impression cytology (p<0.05) findings were significantly affected by HRT. Conclusions HRT may alleviate postmenopausal dry eye symptoms by increasing goblet cell density.
Prefrontal activation deficits during episodic memory in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Episodic memory impairments represent a core deficit in schizophrenia that severely limits patients' functional outcome. This quantitative meta-analysis of functional imaging studies of episodic encoding and retrieval tests the prediction that these deficits are most consistently associated with dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex. METHOD Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was used to perform a quantitative meta-analysis of functional imaging studies that contrasted patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers during episodic encoding and retrieval. From a pool of 36 potential studies, 18 whole-brain studies in standard space that included a healthy comparison sample and low-level baseline contrast were selected. RESULTS As predicted, patients showed less prefrontal activation than comparison subjects in the frontal pole, dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during encoding, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during retrieval. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex encoding deficits were not present in studies that provided patients with encoding strategies, but dorsolateral prefrontal cortex deficits remained and were not secondary to group performance differences. The only medial temporal lobe finding was relatively greater patient versus comparison subject activation in the parahippocampal gyrus during encoding and retrieval. CONCLUSIONS The finding of prominent prefrontal dysfunction suggests that cognitive control deficits strongly contribute to episodic memory impairment in schizophrenia. Memory rehabilitation approaches developed for patients with frontal lobe lesions and pharmacotherapy approaches designed to improve prefrontal cortex function may therefore hold special promise for remediating memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
Binarization of low quality text using a Markov random field model

Binarization techniques have been developed in the document analysis community for over 30 years and many algorithms have been used successfully. On the other hand, document analysis tasks are more and more frequently being applied to multimedia documents such as video sequences. Due to low resolution and lossy compression, the binarization of text included in the frames is a non-trivial task. Existing techniques work without a model of the spatial relationships in the image, which makes them less powerful. We introduce a new technique based on a Markov random field model of the document. The model parameters (clique potentials) are learned from training data and the binary image is estimated in a Bayesian framework. The performance is evaluated using commercial OCR software.
161 Nutritional Correlates of Aggressive Behaviour Food Additives and Aggressive Behaviour

Aggressive behavioural syndrome is marked by restlessness, irritability, impulsivity and a proneness to violence. Constitutional factors including genetics and the effect of diseases and physical trauma are known to play a major role in determining the proneness to overaggressive behaviours. Dictum ‘you are what you eat’, emphasize the importance of nutritional factors impacting human behaviour. The Food ingestion influences the behaviour as it affects the formation of brain neurotransmitters and the possible consequences to brain function and behaviour (Beseler, 1999). Contribution of nutritional factors to anti-social and violent behaviour is less recognised and not properly addressed (Werbach, 1995). Although the role of malnutrition in the development of anti-social behaviour has gained some attention but research still places little weight on this topic (Fishbein, 2001; Rutter et al., 1998). The present paper attempts to provide an overview of the nutritional components as risk factors for aggressive and anti-social behaviour. The studies on various aspects including, effect of early malnutrition on anti-social behaviour, specific nutrients associated with aggressive behaviour, and the effect of food additives on aggressive behaviour are reviewed with the aim to discuss the recent findings in the area which has attracted very little attention in India.
Triaxial Modeling of Halo Density Profiles with High-Resolution N-Body Simulations

We present a detailed nonspherical modeling of dark matter halos on the basis of a combined analysis of high-resolution halo simulations (12 halos with N ~ 106 particles within their virial radius) and large cosmological simulations (five realizations with N = 5123 particles in a 100 h-1 Mpc box size). The density profiles of those simulated halos are well approximated by a sequence of the concentric triaxial distribution with their axis directions being fairly aligned. We characterize the triaxial model quantitatively by generalizing the universal density profile, that has previously been discussed only in the framework of the spherical model. We obtain a series of practically useful fitting formulae in applying the triaxial model: the mass and redshift dependence of the axis ratio, the mean of the concentration parameter, and the probability distribution functions of the axis ratio and the concentration parameter. These accurate fitting formulae form a complete description of the triaxial density profiles of halos in cold dark matter models. Our current description of the dark halos will be particularly useful in predicting a variety of nonsphericity effects, to a reasonably reliable degree, including the weak and strong lens statistics, the orbital evolution of galactic satellites and triaxiality of galactic halos, and the nonlinear clustering of dark matter. In addition, this provides a useful framework for the nonspherical modeling of the intracluster gas, which is crucial in discussing the gas and temperature profiles of X-ray clusters and the Hubble constant estimated via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.
Effects of Motor Control Intervention for Children With Idiopathic Toe Walking: A 5-Case Series

PURPOSE To describe and evaluate the effects of motor control intervention in young children diagnosed with idiopathic toe walking. METHODS Five children received motor control intervention in a multiple-case series design using a nonconcurrent, variable baseline. Multiple gait measures were taken before and during the intervention phase. Pre- and posttreatment measures of gross motor development and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion were compared. RESULTS During the intervention phase, heel strike frequency showed an upward slope for 1 participant, slight upward trends for 3 participants, and no change for 1 participant. Parents indicated minimal gait change within the children's regular environments. Gross motor skill scores increased but were not statistically significant. Passive ankle range of motion improved and was maintained (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Presentation of children with idiopathic toe walking varies and refinement is needed for gait measures and assessment methods. Intervention improved ankle mobility, but additional components appear necessary to attain spontaneous heel-toe gait.