Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Greening transport in Sweden: the role of the organic intellectual in changing union climate change policy

ABSTRACT This article engages with the role of the individual in transforming union organizations by discussing the experiences of Ulf Jarnefjord and his efforts to introduce climate change policies into the Swedish Transport Workers’ Union [Transportarbetareförbundet]. Research investigating the integration of climate change policies into the agenda of Swedish trade unions has identified a disconnect between policy development among leaders on the one hand, and engagement among members on the other. Employing the life-history interview method, and the analytical concept of ‘organic intellectual’, this article focusses on the ways in which Ulf, as a regional health and safety officer, has experienced engaging with climate change issues in relation to both members and the leadership of his union. His experiences point to the importance of learning about how climate change and production impact on the everyday lives of members for developing and mobilizing support for climate change policies in unions.
Geometry of the Large Magellanic Cloud Disk: Results from MACHO and the Two Micron All Sky Survey

We present a detailed study of the viewing angles and geometry of the inner LMC (ρ ≲ 4°) based on a sample of more than 2000 MACHO Cepheids with complete {VR}KC light curves and single-phase Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) JHKs observations. The sample is considerably larger than any previously studied subset of LMC Cepheids and has an improved areal coverage. Single-epoch random-phase 2MASS photometry is corrected using MACHO V light curves to derive mean JHKs magnitudes. We analyze the resulting period-luminosity relations in VRJHKs to recover statistical reddening and distance to each individual Cepheid, with respect to the mean distance modulus and reddening of the LMC. By fitting a plane solution to the derived individual distance moduli, the values of LMC viewing angles are obtained: position angle θ = 151. °0 ± 2. °4, inclination i = 30. °7 ± 1. °1. In the so-called ring analysis, we find a strong dependence of the derived viewing angles on the adopted center of the LMC, which we interpret as being due to deviations from planar geometry. Analysis of residuals from the plane fit indicates the presence of a symmetric warp in the LMC disk and the bar elevated above the disk plane. Nonplanar geometry of the inner LMC explains a broad range for values of i and θ in the literature and suggests caution when deriving viewing angles from inner LMC data.
Weight distributions of multi-edge type LDPC codes

For a (λ(x); ρ(x)) standard irregular LDPC code ensemble, the growth rate of the average weight distribution for small relative weight ω is given by log(λ′(0)ρ′(1))ω + O(ω<sup>2</sup>) in the limit of code length n. If λ′(0)ρ′(1) ≪ 1, there exist exponentially few code words of small linear weight, as n tends to infinity. It is known that the condition coincides with the stability condition of density evolution over the erasure channels with the erasure probability 1. In this paper, we show that this is also the case with multi-edge type LDPC (MET-LDPC) codes. MET-LDPC codes are generalized structured LDPC codes introduced by Richardson and Urbanke. The parameter corresponding λ′(0)ρ′(1) appearing in the conditions for MET-LDPC codes is given by the spectral radius of the matrix defined by extended degree distributions.
Quasiconvexity versus group invariance

The lower invariance under a given arbitrary group of diffeomorphisms extends the notion of quasiconvexity. The non-commutativity of the group operation (the function composition) modifies the classical equivalence between lower semicontinuity and quasiconvexity. In this context null lagrangians are particular cases of integral invariants of the group. Developments of parts of this paper can be found in math.FA/0105097 . Further informations at this http URL .
The Coverage of Classroom Management in Teacher Evaluation Rubrics

Many teachers struggle with the classroom management skills necessary to support students with disabilities. Teacher evaluation is a potential method for supporting teachers’ use of classroom management strategies. The authors evaluate the extent to which classroom management was included in state teacher evaluation rubrics and the types of classroom management topics that were included in the rubrics. They find that while one fifth of standards and indicators were related to classroom management, there was large variability across states. Rubrics that included classroom management focused on proactive strategies, but often did not include specific evidence-based practices that could help teachers improve their classroom management skills. Very few rubrics included any focus on how to address student misbehavior. In light of these findings, the authors provide a discussion of the importance of including high-quality standards and indicators about classroom management to support teachers of students with disabilities.
Barriers and Facilitators of Participation in Sports: A Qualitative Study on Dutch Individuals with Lower Limb Amputation

INTRODUCTION Although individuals with lower limb amputation may benefit from participation in sports, less than 40% do so. AIM To identify the barriers and facilitators that influence participation in sports for individuals with lower limb amputation. DESIGN Qualitative study. PARTICIPANTS Twenty six individuals with lower limb amputation, all originating from the Dutch provinces of Groningen and Drenthe, of which 13 athletes. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were used to gather information. Following thematic analysis, emerging themes were organized in three categories Technical, Social and Personal. RESULTS Sport was perceived as enjoyable activity that would help participants to become and stay healthy, improve the number of social contacts, reduce phantom pain and decrease daily tension. Inadequate facilities, problematic transportation, trivialization from others, poor health and lack of motivation or the lack of a sports partner were barriers commonly mentioned by non-athletes. Remarkably, while all athletes were successful prosthetic users, the majority chose to participate in sports for which prosthesis was neither required nor needed. CONCLUSIONS Each individual with lower limb amputation needs to be counselled according to the barriers and facilitators he/she personally experiences. Athletes appeared to be more proactive in searching for a solution and also appeared less discouraged by failing.
Drawing as a Window Onto Expertise

The ability to draw is a uniquely human activity, ubiquitous in childhood but seldom performed at expert levels in adulthood. Relative to other domains of expertise (chess, music, sport), drawing is understudied, and yet because it is a universal developmental ability mastered by so few, it provides an ideal test bed for competing theories of expertise. In this review, three strands of active research and debate in the field of expertise will be considered in relation to representational drawing ability: (a) the characterization of expertise in relation to altered visual attention and memory, (b) the relative roles of personality traits and cognitive abilities, and (c) the interaction between genes and environment in the development of expertise. The study of representational drawing sheds new light on these three strands and provides rich avenues for further research in this domain.
Examination of cortisol and state anxiety at an academic setting with and without oral presentation

Abstract Holding oral presentations in a university course is perceived as stressful and can increase stress hormone concentrations and state anxiety. In such a naturalistic setting, further attention should be paid to the relationship between psychological and hormonal measures of acute stress, as well as women’s intake of hormonal contraceptives as a potential moderating variable. In the present study, 76 healthy students gave saliva samples before and after their oral presentations in a university course as well as on a second, control day in the same course without giving an oral presentation. Anticipatory state anxiety was rated on both days. Cortisol concentrations as well as state anxiety were substantially higher on the presentation relative to the control day. During the oral presentation, an increase in cortisol concentrations was observed, whereas a decrease occurred on the control day. Nearly the same picture emerged for both variables when looking at men, women taking hormonal contraceptives and free-cycling women separately. A positive correlation was found between the change in anticipatory state anxiety in the presentation compared to the control day and cortisol concentrations before and after the oral presentation. Concluding, oral presentations constitute a potent stressor and do not seem to be substantially different between men, free-cycling women and women taking hormonal contraceptives. Future studies may want to explore changes associated with specific menstrual cycle phases and with specific hormonal contraceptives.
Neural encoding of cocaine‐seeking behavior is coincident with phasic dopamine release in the accumbens core and shell

Mesolimbic dopamine neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are part of a complex circuit mediating cocaine‐directed behaviors. However, the precise role of rapid (subsecond) dopamine release within the primary subregions of the NAc (the core and shell) and its relationship to NAc cell firing during this behavior remain unknown. Here, using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry in rats we report rapid dopamine signaling in both the core and shell; however, significant differences were observed in the timing of dopamine release events within seconds of the cocaine‐reinforced response during self‐administration sessions. Importantly, simultaneous voltammetric and electrophysiological recordings from the same electrode reveal that, at certain sites within both subregions, neurons exhibiting patterned activation were observed at locations where rapid dopamine release was present; the greater the strength of the neural signal the larger the dopamine release event. In addition, it was at those locations that electrically‐evoked stimulated release was greatest. No changes in dopamine were observed where nonphasic neurons were recorded. Thus, although differences are evident in dopamine release dynamics relative to cocaine‐reinforced responding within the core and shell, dopamine release is heterogeneous within each structure and varies as a function of precise neuronal targets during cocaine‐seeking behavior.
Internationality of Spanish scholarly journals indexed in Web of Science and Scopus

Se analiza la internacionalidad de las revistas españolas indizadas en WoS y Scopus, en base a cuatro elementos principales identificados en la revisión bibliográfica: artículos en inglés, artículos de autores extranjeros, colaboraciones internacionales, y miembros extranjeros de los equipos editoriales. Se constata que el área temática y el tipo de acceso son determinantes en cuanto al grado de internacionalidad de las revistas, así como, en menor medida, el tipo de editorial. El Factor de Impacto (FI), buque insignia del impacto bibliométrico, no guarda correlación con ningún elemento de internacionalidad, mientras que los valores de SJR y SNIP correlacionan moderadamente con los porcentajes de las colaboraciones internacionales. La participación de autores extranjeros está relacionada con la presencia del inglés, revelando la orientación de las revistas españolas indizadas hacia los países del “núcleo” científico. La presencia de miembros extranjeros en los comités va acompañada de la de autores extranjeros, aunque no se pueda demostrar una relación causa-efecto. Se concluye con aportaciones sobre posibles líneas de investigación futuras.
Pathway-Targeted Pharmacogenomics of CYP1A2 in Human Liver

The human drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, is one of the major P450 isoforms contributing by about 5–20% to the hepatic P450 pool and catalyzing oxidative biotransformation of up to 10% of clinically relevant drugs including clozapine and caffeine. CYP1A2 activity is interindividually highly variable and although twin studies have suggested a high heritability, underlying genetic factors are still unknown. Here we adopted a pathway-oriented approach using a large human liver bank (n = 150) to elucidate whether variants in candidate genes of constitutive, ligand-inducible, and pathophysiological inhibitory regulatory pathways may explain different hepatic CYP1A2 phenotypes. Samples were phenotyped for phenacetin O-deethylase activity, and the expression of CYP1A2 protein and mRNA was determined. CYP1A2 expression and function was increased in smokers and decreased in patients with inflammation and cholestasis. Of 169 SNPs in 17 candidate genes including the CYP1A locus, 136 non-redundant SNPs with minor allele frequency >5% were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods. A total of 13 strong significant associations were identified, of which 10 SNPs in the ARNT, AhRR, HNF1α, IL1β, SRC-1, and VDR genes showed consistent changes for at least two phenotypes by univariate analysis. Multivariate linear modeling indicated that the polymorphisms and non-genetic factors together explained 42, 38, and 33% of CYP1A2 variation at activity, protein and mRNA levels, respectively. In conclusion, we identified novel trans-associations between regulatory genes and hepatic CYP1A2 function and expression, but additional genetic factors must be assumed to explain the full extent of CYP1A2 heritability.
The importance of self‐ and shared leadership in team based knowledge work: A meso‐level model of leadership dynamics

Purpose – To address the increasing need for novel approaches to leadership that deal with the challenges organizations face as they flatten, diversify, and confront increasingly complex problems.Design/methodology/approach – A meso‐level theoretical model is developed that outlines the relationship between self‐ and shared leadership, focusing on the intermediary processes of trust, potency, and commitment that may lead to the development of shared leadership and ultimately more innovative knowledge creation.Findings – Nine propositions are developed, addressing the relationships between self‐ and shared leadership, concluding with some of the theoretical and practical implications of the model and specific recommendations for future empirical work in this area.Research limitations/implications – An important boundary condition of the model is that it assumes team and organizational incentives are in place to encourage team building and the facilitation of team over individual achievements.Practical impl.
Phase I Study of Panobinostat plus Everolimus in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of panobinostat plus everolimus in patients with relapsed Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The concept was supported by the single-agent clinical activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors, and on the in vitro mechanism-based synergistic antiproliferative activity. Experimental Design: This was a phase I study in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma using panobinostat orally on Monday/Wednesday/Friday and everolimus orally daily. Toxicity and responses were assessed in dose-escalation cohort followed by expansion cohort at maximum-tolerated dose. Exploratory analysis of serum cytokine levels was performed. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled onto four dose levels. The dose-limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia. The maximal tolerated dose was panobinostat 20 mg and everolimus 10 mg. Grade 3/4 toxicity included thrombocytopenia (64%), neutropenia (47%), anemia (20%), infection (10%), fatigue (7%), and dyspnea (7%). A total of 10 patients (33%; indolent lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma) achieved objective responses. In patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 14), the overall response rate was 43% with complete response rate of 15%. In patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple serum cytokine levels decreased significantly after treatment with this combination therapy. Of note, clinical responses were associated with a decrease in serum interleukin-5 levels (day 8, P = 0.013, and day 15, P = 0.021). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the combination therapy is active but with significant thrombocytopenia. Future studies should explore alternate scheduling and different compounds that target the same pathways to improve the tolerability of this novel combination. Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6882–90. ©2013 AACR.
The Behavior-Attitude Relationship and Satisfaction in Proenvironmental Behavior

Past research on environmentally sustainable behaviors has focused on the impact of a wide array of psychological factors, such as values, attitudes, norms, motivation, or perceptions, on behavior. The aim of this article is to study an alternative perspective by focusing on the effect of behavior on attitude, instead of the opposite, and by examining the mediation of satisfaction on that relationship. Drawing on both the self-perception and cognitive dissonance theories, we demonstrate that the expectancy disconfirmation model illuminates the conditions under which the past behavior-attitude link may improve. An online study with 409 U.S. citizens revealed that satisfaction mediates the positive behavior-attitude relationship, while this is not the case for the attitude-behavior relation. Our results also highlight the importance of multidimensional conceptualization for both proenvironmental behavior (PEB) and attitudes toward PEB, while providing useful guidelines for practitioners and policy makers.
Mechanism of NO-induced oxidation of myoglobin and hemoglobin.

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as mediator in a variety of physiological functions, including neurotransmission, platelet aggregation, macrophage function, and vasodilation. The consumption of NO by extracellular hemoglobin and subsequent vasoconstriction have been suggested to be the cause of the mild hypertensive events reported during in vivo trials of hemoglobin-based O2 carriers. The depletion of NO from endothelial cells is most likely due to the oxidative reaction of NO with oxyhemoglobin in arterioles and surrounding tissue. In order to determine the mechanism of this key reaction, we have measured the kinetics of NO-induced oxidation of a variety of different recombinant sperm whale myoglobins (Mb) and human hemoglobins (Hb). The observed rates depend linearly on [NO] but show no dependence on [O2]. The bimolecular rate constants for NO-induced oxidation of MbO2 and HbO2 are large (k.ox,NO = 30-50 microM-1 s-1 for the wild-type proteins) and similar to those for simple nitric oxide binding to deoxygenated Mb and Hb. Both reversible NO binding and NO-induced oxidation occur in two steps: (1) bimolecular entry of nitric oxide into the distal portion of the heme pocket and (2) rapid reaction of noncovalently bound nitric oxide with the iron atom to produce Fe(2+)-N=O or with Fe(2+)-O-O delta- to produce Fe(3+)-OH2 and nitrate. Both the oxidation and binding rate constants for sperm whale Mb were increased when His(E7) was replaced by aliphatic residues. These mutants lack polar interactions in the distal pocket which normally hinder NO entry into the protein. Decreasing the volume of the distal pocket by replacing Leu(B10) and Val(E11) with aromatic amino acids markedly inhibits NO-induced oxidation of MbO2. The latter results provide a protein engineering strategy for reducing hypertensive events caused by extracellular hemoglobin-based O2 carriers. This approach has been explored by examining the effects of Phe(B10) and Phe(E11) substitutions on the rates of NO-induced oxidation of the alpha and beta subunits in recombinant human hemoglobin.
Traffic grooming in wavelength-division-multiplexing ring networks: a linearprogramming solution

We consider the problem of traffic grooming in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) rings. Our objective is to minimize the required number of electronic add–drop multiplexers. We first formulate the problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem, and we then show that this ILP problem can be converted into an equivalent mixed ILP (MILP) problem in which a large number of integer variables in the original ILP can be relaxed to continuous variables. The resulting MILP problem is much easier to solve. For ring networks found in most applications (e.g., access and interoffice rings), which typically have less than 20 nodes, it can produce optimal or near-optimal solutions in a few seconds or minutes by use of commercially available linear programming software, such as CPLEX, on a PC. We also discuss how our ILP formulation can be extended to more-general traffic grooming problems, such as networks with dynamic traffic and how to take the number of wavelengths into consideration. Finally, numerical examples are presented.
Introduction to Embedded Systems

We can easily find embedded systems everywhere in our daily lives. The numbers of embedded systems are rapidly growing especially in wireless and web applications. The embedded systems market is one of the fastest growing areas in the world. By name, an embedded system is a special-purpose computing device designed to perform dedicated functions. Some of the embedded systems with real-time constraints are called real-time embedded systems. An embedded system consists of its hardware and software. The hardware includes a microprocessor or microcontroller with additional attached external memory, I/O, and other components such as sensors, keypad, LEDs, LCDs, and any kind of actuators. The embedded software is the driving force of an embedded system. Most real-time embedded systems software has specific application programs supported by a Real Time Operating System (RTOS). The embedded software is usually called firmware because this type software is loaded to ROM, EPROM, or Flash memory, and once it is loaded it will never be changed unless it needs to be reloaded or replaced. This book introduces the fundamentals of embedded system design and development. The focus is emphasized on the software aspect of embedded systems design and development. You will enjoy the hands-on experience of building embedded systems on your own with this book.