Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered resting-state intra- and inter- network functional connectivity in patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder

Patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD) usually experience various functional impairments in pain, emotion, and cognition, which cannot be fully explained by a physiological process or a physical disorder. However, it is still not clear for the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of PSPD. The present study aimed to explore the intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) differences between PSPD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in 13 PSPD patients and 23 age- and gender-matched HCs. We used independent component analysis on resting-state fMRI data to calculate intra- and inter-network FCs, and we used the two-sample t-test to detect the FC differences between groups. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the correlations between FCs and clinical assessments. As compared to HCs, PSPD patients showed decreased coactivations in the right superior temporal gyrus within the anterior default-mode network and the anterior cingulate cortex within the salience network, and increased coactivations in the bilateral supplementary motor areas within the sensorimotor network and both the left posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex within the anterior default-mode network. In addition, we found that the PSPD patients showed decreased FNCs between sensorimotor network and audio network as well as visual network, between default-mode network and executive control network as well as audio network and between salience network and executive control network as well as right frontoparietal network, and increased FNCs between sensorimotor network and left frontoparietal network, salience network as well as cerebellum network, which were negatively correlated with the clinical assessments in PSPD patients. Our findings suggest that PSPD patients experience large-scale reorganization at the level of the functional networks, which suggests a possible mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of PSPD.
The Role of Prevalence Rates, Sensitivity, and Specificity in Assessment Accuracy

Abstract A little discussed issue for practitioners is the probability that a client actually has (or does not have) a disorder that he or she has been diagnosed as having (or not having). These probabilities depend upon the sensitivity and specificity of the assessment procedure used, and on the prevalence of the disorder among those seeking services. Probability theory is used in this article to demonstrate that in many, if not most cases, these probabilities will be quite low and that the likelihood of misdiagnosis will be high. The implications of these findings for assessment in social work practice are discussed.
Phylogenetic Composition of Bacterioplankton Assemblages from the Arctic Ocean

ABSTRACT We analyzed the phylogenetic composition of bacterioplankton assemblages in 11 Arctic Ocean samples collected over three seasons (winter-spring 1995, summer 1996, and summer-fall 1997) by sequencing cloned fragments of 16S rRNA genes. The sequencing effort was directed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) screening of samples and the clone libraries. Sequences of 88 clones fell into seven major lineages of the domain Bacteria: α (36%)-, γ (32%)-, δ (14%)-, and ε (1%)-Proteobacteria; Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides spp. (9%); Verrucomicrobium spp. (6%); and green nonsulfur bacteria (2%). A total of 34% of the cloned sequences (excluding clones in the SAR11 and Roseobacter groups) had sequence similarities that were <94% compared to previously reported sequences, indicating the presence of novel sequences. DGGE fingerprints of the selected samples showed that most of the bands were common to all samples in all three seasons. However, additional bands representing sequences related to Cytophaga and Polaribacter species were found in samples collected during the summer and fall. Of the clones in a library generated from one sample collected in spring of 1995, 50% were the same and were most closely affiliated (99% similarity) with Alteromonas macleodii, while 50% of the clones in another sample were most closely affiliated (90 to 96% similarity) with Oceanospirillum sp. The majority of the cloned sequences were most closely related to uncultured, environmental sequences. Prominent among these were members of the SAR11 group. Differences between mixed-layer and halocline samples were apparent in DGGE fingerprints and clone libraries. Sequences related to α-Proteobacteria (dominated by SAR11) were abundant (52%) in samples from the mixed layer, while sequences related to γ-proteobacteria were more abundant (44%) in halocline samples. Two bands corresponding to sequences related to SAR307 (common in deep water) and the high-G+C gram-positive bacteria were characteristic of the halocline samples.
[Postoperative quality of life for patients with a vestibular schwannoma].

OBJECTIVES To determine the prognoses criteria of quality of life's impairment after vestibular schwannoma surgery. STUDY DESIGN Our study includes retrospectively 104 consecutive patients operated between 1991 & 2000 of a vestibular schwannoma. Patients with bilateral tumors were not included, neither patients lost of follow-up. The french version of the Short Form-36 self assessment questionnaire was sent to all patients. RESULTS The response rate was 68% (71 patients). The patients' postoperative quality of life was lower of the norm, especially for psychical dimensions. This impairing of health whatever age, tumor size, operative approach or follow-up time. Sex and 2nd surgery were the only factors associated with a lower score. Women had worse rating of physical functioning. CONCLUSION To operate small tumors should not assume that the impact on patients'life would be necessary less than following the removal of larger tumors. Women should have particularly clear explications before surgery and while follow-up.
Management of adjunctive antithrombotic therapy in STEMI patients treated with fibrinolysis undergoing rescue or delayed PCI

Summary Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the recommended method of reperfusion in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), fibrinolysis remains a beneficial alternative in patients who cannot be reperfused timely with primary PCI, and is still the preferred revascularisation strategy in many parts of the world where PCI facilities are unavailable. Because fibrinolysis is known to activate platelets and promote thrombin activity, concomitant administration of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies is needed to lower the risk for re-occlusion and to support mechanical interventions in patients undergoing rescue or delayed PCI. However, the addition of oral antiplatelet and parenteral anticoagulant drugs on top of fibrinolysis may come at the price of an increased risk of bleeding. The current availability of several antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies often leads to questions about the optimal selection in STEMI patients treated with fibrinolytics. This article appraises current evidences for the management of adjunctive antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies in patients with STEMI undergoing fibrinolysis followed by rescue or delayed PCI.
Organizational Justice and Educational Status as Correlates of Knowledge Sharing Behaviour

This study examined organizational justice and educational status as correlates of knowledge sharing behaviour among employees. Three hundred participants comprising of 148 males and 152 females between the age of 23 and 47 years with a mean age of 32.62 and SD of 6.63 participated in the study. Perception of organizational justice was measured using Organizational Justice Scale developed by Hoy & Tarter (2004) and knowledge sharing behaviour by using knowledge sharing behaviour scale by Jialin (2009). Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the relationship and analysis of variance was used to test for the influence of organizational justice and educational status on knowledge sharing behaviour. The result showed that organizational justice and educational status had significant positive relationship with knowledge sharing. Also, organizational justice and educational status significantly independently and jointly influenced knowledge sharing and lastly, significant difference existed among the educational status on knowledge sharing. The implication of this finding was that both organizational justice and educational status determined knowledge sharing behaviour among employees.
Testing two principles of the Health Action Process Approach in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) proposes principles that can be translated into testable hypotheses. This is one of the first studies to have explicitly tested HAPA's first 2 principles, which are (1) health behavior change process can be subdivided into motivation and volition, and (2) volition can be grouped into intentional and action stages. The 3 stage groups are labeled preintenders, intenders, and actors. METHOD The hypotheses of the HAPA model were investigated in a sample of 1,193 individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Study participants completed a questionnaire assessing the HAPA variables. The hypotheses were evaluated by examining mean differences of test variables and by the use of multigroup structural equation modeling (MSEM). RESULTS Findings support the HAPA's 2 principles and 3 distinct stages. The 3 HAPA stages were significantly different in several stage-specific variables, and discontinuity patterns were found in terms of nonlinear trends across means. In terms of predicting goals, action planning, and behavior, differences transpired between the 2 motivational stages (preintenders and intenders), and between the 2 volitional stages (intenders and actors). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate implications for supporting behavior change processes, depending on in which stage a person is at: All individuals should be helped to increase self-efficacy. Preintenders and intenders require interventions targeting outcome expectancies. Actors benefit from an improvement in action planning to maintain and increase their previous behavior. Overall, the first 2 principles of the HAPA were supported and some evidence for the other principles was found. Future research should experimentally test these conclusions.
I marknadens namn : mångtydiga reformer i svenska kommuner

This dissertation reports on a study of reform processes in public organisations. It describes how two municipalities planned and attempted the introduction of the purchaser-supplier model. This type of reform reflects one important contemporary idea - that of the market as an all-encompassing institution. The study focuses on the very process of reforming, with the aim of providing an alternative, i.e. non-normative presentation of this process. This is done within the framework of institutional organisation theory. In order to account for the fact that changes are not only deliberate, but also adaptive and unpredictable, the reforms are interpreted as processes of translation. The concept of translation makes it possible to grasp the ambiguity, dynamism and complexity of the reforming process. The notion of translation allows a theoretical link to be constructed between stability and change. The study shows that while change is brought about and reflected in a change of language, the established images of the organisation are reproduced in this process. It was possible to discern a conflict between the explicit desire to be specific and thus distinguish oneself from others, and the fear that the process might lead to a situation were municipalities become more like other organisations. This conflict is interpreted as a tension between the creation of a particular and a universal identity. Thus, it is argued that an important outcome of reforms is not only that they create new activities but that reforms create new identities. It is shown how reforms reshape the actors', i.e. the individuals' and organisations', opinions of themselves and, accordingly, their opinion of the appropriate way to act. The plurality of meaning explains the fact that an organisation can have multiple identities. Plurality of meaning thus creates an ambiguity that extends the range of action, since actors can choose an appropriate identity to act upon. The emerging organisational identity influences the kind of translations that will be carried out in the future. Interpreting reforms as identity-transforming processes moves the focus of attention from the short-term to the long-term consequences of change. (Less)
A Rare Quadruplicate Arrangement of Abductor Pollicis Longus Tendons - Anatomical and Clinical Relevance

Familiarity with the variations in extensor tendons of the hand and fingers is vital for appropriate diagnosis of neurological disorders. Anatomical comprehension is particularly essential for clinical situations related to extensor tendon injuries and inflammatory diseases. The main objective of this report is to illustrate in detail the variant insertion pattern of APL tendon slips and to discuss their functional and clinical relevance.
Multi-velocity neural networks for gesture recognition in videos

We present a new action recognition deep neural network which adaptively learns the best action velocities in addition to the classification. While deep neural networks have reached maturity for image understanding tasks, we are still exploring network topologies and features to handle the richer environment of video clips. Here, we tackle the problem of multiple velocities in action recognition, and provide state-of-the-art results for gesture recognition, on known and new collected datasets. We further provide the training steps for our semi-supervised network, suited to learn from huge unlabeled datasets with only a fraction of labeled examples.
Problem drinking among college students: a review of recent research.

Abstract Research examining collegiate problem drinking from 1975–1985 is reviewed. Eight topics are distinguished pertaining to the definition and correlates of problem drinking: consumption patterns; self-identification as a problem drinker; motivations; negative consequences; personality characteristics; family, peers, and environment; long-term consequences of problem alcohol use; and male-female differences in problem drinking. Reported prevalences of problem drinking range from a low of 6% to a high of 72%, with most studies suggesting that approximately 20–25% of students have drinking problems. This variability may be explained in large part by divergent conceptual and operational definitions of problem drinkers across studies. Problem drinkers are characterized relative to nonproblem drinkers as impulsive, prone to deviant behavior, less oriented towards academic success, more independence-seeking, and more likely to drink for escapist (rather than sociability) reasons. The influential role of co.
Analysis of Transient Fault Currents in Multi-Terminal HVDC Networks during Pole-to-Ground Faults

The fault current development in a circuit breaker during a pole-to-ground fault is analyzed for a generic multiterminal HVDC system based on Voltage Source Converters. The paper aims to contribute to the current discussion of which requirements on breaking time and peak current HVDC circuit breakers need to fulfill in such networks either based on OHLs or cables. Therefore, the fault current is broken down into the individual contributions of the different network components and their influence on the development of the fault current in the circuit breaker of the faulted line is illustrated. In doing so, the emphasis is on the comparison of the sensitivities in cable and OHL systems.
Bat consumption in Thailand

Background Human consumption of bats poses an increasing public health threat globally. Communities in which bat guano is mined from caves have extensive exposure to bat excreta, often harvest bats for consumption, and are at risk for bat-borne diseases. Methods This rapid ethnographic study was conducted in four provinces of Thailand (Ratchaburi, Sakaeo, Nakorn Sawan, and Phitsanulok), where bat guano was mined and sold during the period April–August 2014. The aim of this study was to understand behaviors and risk perceptions associated with bat conservation, exposure to bats and their excreta, and bat consumption. Sixty-seven respondents playing various roles in bat guano mining, packaging, sale, and use as fertilizer participated in the study. Data were collected through interviews and/or focus group discussions. Results In spite of a bat conservation program dating back to the 1980s, the benefits of conserving bats and the risks associated with bat consumption were not clear and infrequently articulated by study respondents. Discussion Since bat consumption continues, albeit covertly, the risk of bat-borne diseases remains high. There is an opportunity to reduce the risk of bat-borne diseases in guano-mining communities by strengthening bat conservation efforts and raising awareness of the health risks of bat consumption. Further research is suggested to test behavior change strategies for reducing bat consumption.
Multi Step Selection in Ig H Chains is Initially Focused on CDR3 and Then on Other CDR Regions

Affinity maturation occurs through two selection processes: the choice of appropriate clones (clonal selection), and the internal evolution within clones, induced by somatic hyper-mutations, where high affinity mutants are selected for. When a final population of immunoglobulin sequences is observed, the genetic composition of this population is affected by a combination of these two processes. Different immune induced diseases can result from the failure of regulation of clonal selection or of the regulation of the within clone affinity maturation. In order to understand each of these processes separately, we propose a mixed lineage tree/sequence based method to detect within clone selection as defined by the effect of mutations on the average number of offspring. Specifically, we measure the imbalance in the number of leaves in lineage trees branches following synonymous and non-synonymous (NS) mutations. If a mutation is positively selected, we expect the number of leaves in the sub-tree below this mutation to be larger than in the parallel sub-tree without the mutation. The ratio between the number of leaves in such branches following NS mutations can be used to measure selection within a clone. We apply this method to the sampled Ig repertoire from multiple healthy volunteers and show that within clone selection is positive in the CDR2 region and either positive or negative in the CDR3 and FWR3 regions. Selection occurs already at the IgM isotype level mainly in the DH gene region, with a strong negative selection in the join region. This is followed in the later memory stages in the CDR2 region. We have not studied here the FWR1 and CDR1 regions. An important advantage of this method is that it is very weakly affected by the baseline mutation model or by sampling biases, as are most synonymous to NS mutations ratio based methods.
Biopsychological investigation of hedonic processes in individuals susceptible to overeating : role of liking and wanting in trait binge eating

The objective of this thesis was to identify and characterise a robust phenotype susceptible to reward-driven overeating. Specifically, the thesis aimed to examine the role of liking and wanting for food in trait binge eating and to determine other potential biopsychological markers of susceptibility (psychological, physiological and genetic). In a systematic series of studies, normal-weight (Ch.6,7,9) and overweight or obese (Ch.7,8) females were categorised as either ‘binge-type’ or ‘non-binge type’ based on their scores on the Binge Eating Scale. Using a biopsychological approach, susceptibility was characterised across several different scientific domains. Liking and wanting for food were measured using the validated Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (Ch.5-9) – LFPQ - which separated explicit and implicit processes. Food choice and energy intake were assessed objectively and quantitatively in the laboratory using ad libitum test meals (Ch.5-9) and under free-living conditions using a validated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall (Ch.8). Physiological markers (fat mass, fat-free mass) were measured using bioelectrical impedance and air plethysmography (Ch.6-9). Potential genetic markers of susceptibility (e.g. FTO, DRD2, Taq1A, CD36) and intermediary phenotypes of trait binge eating were examined using a candidate gene approach (Ch.9). Overweight-obese ‘binge-types’ had enhanced explicit liking for food overall, and greater implicit wanting for high-fat sweet foods compared to overweight-obese ‘non-binge types’. This was associated with an increased preference for, and consumption of these foods under laboratory and free-living conditions. Furthermore, obese ‘binge-types’ had greater levels of adiposity and reported greater food cravings and lower positive affect. Lean ‘binge-types’ had a greater implicit wanting for sweet foods, and exhibited a greater preference for these foods. Liking and wanting for food assessed by the LFPQ were related to energy intake and food choice. Notably, an enhanced liking for food in a fed state was associated with greater energy intake. In addition, implicit wanting emerged as an important process; while enhanced implicit wanting for sweet foods was a risk factor for overeating, greater implicit wanting for low-fat savoury foods appeared to be protective. Examination of the intermediary phenotypes revealed that variation in certain genes relating to reward, taste and obesity were associated with energy intake and food choice, body composition and food hedonics. This thesis has identified a distinct, ecologically valid, behavioural phenotype of obesity that is characterised by reliable psychological and physiological characteristics. Furthermore, the results confirm the value of distinguishing between liking and wanting for food and for studying their role in eating behaviour.
Health economic evaluation of stent or endoluminal brachytherapy as a palliative strategy in patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction: results of a randomized clinical trial

Objective To relieve dysphagia is the main goal in palliative treatment of patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus or the gastro-oesophageal junction. The aim of this prospective, randomized multicentre study was to compare stent placement and brachytherapy regarding health economy and clinical outcomes. Methods Patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction were randomized to receive a self-expandable metallic stent or 3×7 Gy brachytherapy. At clinical follow-up visits, dysphagia was scored and health care consumptions were recorded. Costs were based on hospital debits. Total lifetime healthcare consumption costs and costs for the initial treatments were calculated and a sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results Thirty patients were randomized to each treatment group. There was no difference in survival or complication rates between the two treatment strategies. There was a significant difference in the change of dysphagia scores between the time of inclusion and the 1-month follow-up visit, in favour of the stented group (P=0.03). This difference had disappeared at 3 months. Median total lifetime costs were &U20AC;17 690 for the stented group compared with &U20AC;33 171 for the brachytherapy group (P=0.005). This difference was due to higher costs for the initial treatment (&U20AC;4615 versus &U20AC;23 857, P<0.0001). Sensitivity analyses showed that the charges for a brachytherapy session had to be reduced from &U20AC;6092 to &U20AC;4222 (31%) to make this therapeutic concept cost-competitive. Conclusion Stenting is currently more cost-effective compared with fractionated 3×7 Gy brachytherapy for patients with incurable cancer of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction.