Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Faking ADHD? Symptom Validity Testing and Its Relation to Self-Reported, Observer-Reported Symptoms, and Neuropsychological Measures of Attention in Adults With ADHD

Objective: To compare ADHD patients who failed a symptom validity test with those who passed the test to explore whether there are signs of negative response bias on group level. Method: In our outpatient department, 196 adults were diagnosed with ADHD using a comprehensive diagnostic strategy featuring a detailed clinical history, clinical interview, observer rating, several self-rating scales, and neuropsychological attention tests. The Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test (AKGT) was applied as a symptom validity measure. Results: Sixty-three patients (32.1%) scored below the AKGT cutoff level. The two groups did not significantly differ regarding self-report and observer ratings. Those who failed the AKGT had higher reaction time variabilities in selective, auditory and visual divided attention, and higher omission errors in sustained attention. Conclusion: We found no strong indicators for negative response bias in ADHD patients who failed a symptom validity test. New measures and approaches to detect feigned ADHD should be developed.
Estimation of percentage breast tissue density: comparison between digital mammography (2D full field digital mammography) and digital breast tomosynthesis according to different BI-RADS categories.

OBJECTIVE To compare breast density estimated from two-dimensional full-field digital mammography (2D FFDM) and from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) according to different Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories, using automated software. METHODS Institutional review board approval and written informed patient consent were obtained. DBT and 2D FFDM were performed in the same patients to allow within-patient comparison. A total of 160 consecutive patients (mean age: 50±14 years; mean body mass index: 22±3) were included to create paired data sets of 40 patients for each BI-RADS category. Automatic software (MedDensity(©), developed by Giulio Tagliafico) was used to compare the percentage breast density between DBT and 2D FFDM. The estimated breast percentage density obtained using DBT and 2D FFDM was examined for correlation with the radiologists' visual BI-RADS density classification. RESULTS The 2D FFDM differed from DBT by 16.0% in BI-RADS Category 1, by 11.9% in Category 2, by 3.5% in Category 3 and by 18.1% in Category 4. These differences were highly significant (p<0.0001). There was a good correlation between the BI-RADS categories and the density evaluated using 2D FFDM and DBT (r=0.56, p<0.01 and r=0.48, p<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Using DBT, breast density values were lower than those obtained using 2D FFDM, with a non-linear relationship across the BI-RADS categories. These data are relevant for clinical practice and research studies using density in determining the risk. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE On DBT, breast density values were lower than with 2D FFDM, with a non-linear relationship across the classical BI-RADS categories.
Properties of rat cone-mediated electroretinograms during light adaptation.

PURPOSE Our aim was to better understand how to isolate the cone-mediated response in rats. Therefore, we studied the difference of ERGs in the course of light adaptation between 2 and 20 Hz stimulus frequencies. METHODS A total of 90 rats divided into 18 different groups were used following overnight dark adaptation. ERGs were recorded against 3 different adapting field luminances (1.15, 1. 50 or 1.75 log cd/m(2)) with a combination of 3 stimulus flash intensities (0.86, 1.30 or 2.03 log cd sec/m( 2)). The responses were obtained at 2 minute intervals for 25 minutes of light adaptation. RESULTS The response of the rat cone ERG was large despite the small number of cones. The mean amplitude increased systematically from the dark-adapted value requiring more than 15 minutes to reach an asymptote at 2 Hz stimulation, but only 10 minutes at 20 Hz stimulation. The 2 Hz adaptation curves had biphasic pattern compared to the monophasic 20 Hz curve. This second increase in the amplitude at 2 Hz appeared at around 7-8 minutes as a function of adaptation time. This tendency was most evident when using a low adapting field luminance with a high flash intensity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the rods intrude much more during light adaptation at 2 Hz stimulation in rodents than in humans. Therefore, 20 Hz flicker stimulation can better isolate more the cone-mediated function than 2 Hz stimulation during the course of light adaptation in rats. Furthermore, the functional characteristics of the cone in rats may be different from that in humans.
US flu mortality estimates are based on solid science

Editor—Doshi implies that the use of statistical models to estimate flu related mortality is inappropriate.1 Not so. Epidemiologists rely on statistical models because the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for influenza (ICD9 487) severely undercounts the true number of flu related deaths. Doshi also implies that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) deliberately exaggerates flu mortality for the benefit of the pharmaceutical industry, while other scientists stand by, meek and mute. The BMJ 's decision to publish Doshi's commentary with no counterpoint from …
Psychometric Properties of the Psychotherapy Expectancy Inventory-Revised (PEI-R)

The Psychotherapy Expectancy Inventory-Revised (PEI-R) was developed to measure clients' expectations of behavior in counseling. An exploratory factor analysis of the original PEI-R (Rickers-Ovsiankina, Berzins, Geller, & Rogers, 1971) on a sample of clients yielded four factors: approval, advice, audience and relationship (Berzins, 1971). The aim of the study presented in this paper is to examine the internal construct validity of the PEI-R by means of a confirmatory factor analysis on data gathered in a sample of 159 clients. The analysis revealed an adequate model fit for the four-dimensional oblique model. However, detailed inspection of model fit suggest the possibility of a fifth factor. Data concerning the reliability and the relationship with demographics are also provided.
Flow measurement and thrust estimation of a vibrating ionic polymer metal composite

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are an emerging class of soft active materials that are finding growing application as underwater propulsors for miniature biomimetic swimmers. Understanding the hydrodynamics generated by an IPMC vibrating under water is central to the design of such biomimetic swimmers. In this paper, we propose the use of time-resolved particle image velocimetry to detail the fluid kinematics and kinetics in the vicinity of an IPMC vibrating along its fundamental structural mode. The reconstructed pressure field is ultimately used to estimate the thrust produced by the IPMC. The vibration frequency is systematically varied to elucidate the role of the Reynolds number on the flow physics and the thrust production. Experimental results indicate the formation and shedding of vortical structures from the IPMC tip during its vibration. Vorticity shedding is sustained by the pressure gradients along each side of the IPMC, which are most severe in the vicinity of the tip. The mean thrust is found to robustly increase with the Reynolds number, closely following a power law that has been derived from direct three-dimensional numerical simulations. A reduced order distributed model is proposed to describe IPMC underwater vibration and estimate thrust production, offering insight into the physics of underwater propulsion and aiding in the design of IPMC-based propulsors.
Treatment intensification in patients with inadequate glycemic control on basal insulin: rationale and clinical evidence for the use of short‐acting and other glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists

A substantial proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus do not reach glycemic targets, despite treatment with oral anti‐diabetic drugs and basal insulin therapy. Several options exist for treatment intensification beyond basal insulin, and the treatment paradigm is complex. In this review, the options for treatment intensification will be explored, focusing on drug classes that act via the incretin system and paying particular attention to the short‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists exenatide and lixisenatide. Current treatment guidelines will be summarized and discussed. © 2016 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Dietary lipid levels have a remarkable impact on the expression of growth-related genes in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup)

SUMMARY In Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup), growth is negatively correlated to dietary lipid levels. To understand the molecular basis of this effect a molecular toolbox of 12 genes, including fgf6, fst, mstn1, myf5, mrf4, myod1, myod2, myog, myHC, mylc2, igf1r and insr, was developed. The expression profiles of these genes were investigated in white muscle and liver of fish fed with three dietary lipid levels (4%, 12% and 20%). The expression of igf-I and igf-II was also examined. MRFs and myosins were only expressed in the muscle and, except for myf5, the general trend was a decrease in expression with an increase in dietary lipids. Fgf6 was identified for the first time in liver and its expression augmented in hepatic tissues with increasing dietary lipid levels. A similar tendency was observed for mstn1 and igf-I. The opposite was observed for igf1r expression in muscle and liver. Myog, mrf4, mylc2 and igf1r were highly correlated with growth and nutrient utilisation indices. In addition to its practical implications, this work provides a valuable contribution towards our understanding of the genetic networks controlling growth in teleosts.
Aberrant DNA Damage Response Pathways May Predict the Outcome of Platinum Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Despite the advances in the treatment of OC with combinatorial regimens, including surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, patients generally exhibit poor prognosis due to high chemotherapy resistance. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are involved in resistance of OC patients to platinum chemotherapy. Selected DDR signals were evaluated in two human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, one sensitive (A2780) and one resistant (A2780/C30) to platinum treatment as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from OC patients, sensitive (n = 7) or resistant (n = 4) to subsequent chemotherapy. PBMCs from healthy volunteers (n = 9) were studied in parallel. DNA damage was evaluated by immunofluorescence γH2AX staining and comet assay. Higher levels of intrinsic DNA damage were found in A2780 than in A2780/C30 cells. Moreover, the intrinsic DNA damage levels were significantly higher in OC patients relative to healthy volunteers, as well as in platinum-sensitive patients relative to platinum-resistant ones (all P<0.05). Following carboplatin treatment, A2780 cells showed lower DNA repair efficiency than A2780/C30 cells. Also, following carboplatin treatment of PBMCs ex vivo, the DNA repair efficiency was significantly higher in healthy volunteers than in platinum-resistant patients and lowest in platinum-sensitive ones (t1/2 for loss of γH2AX foci: 2.7±0.5h, 8.8±1.9h and 15.4±3.2h, respectively; using comet assay, t1/2 of platinum-induced damage repair: 4.8±1.4h, 12.9±1.9h and 21.4±2.6h, respectively; all P<0.03). Additionally, the carboplatin-induced apoptosis rate was higher in A2780 than in A2780/C30 cells. In PBMCs, apoptosis rates were inversely correlated with DNA repair efficiencies of these cells, being significantly higher in platinum-sensitive than in platinum-resistant patients and lowest in healthy volunteers (all P<0.05). We conclude that perturbations of DNA repair pathways as measured in PBMCs from OC patients correlate with the drug sensitivity of these cells and reflect the individualized response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
A Crossover, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Dornase Alfa Before Versus After Physiotherapy in Cystic Fibrosis

Objective. Although dornase alfa is a widely used, aerosolized, mucolytic agent in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), its efficacy in relation to the timing of physiotherapy has not been tested. We sought to determine whether dornase alfa is more efficacious when it is administered 30 minutes before versus 30 minutes after physiotherapy/positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy in clinically stable children. Methods. Using a crossover, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial, we undertook a 6-week study of the efficacy of dornase alfa in relation to the timing of physiotherapy at home. There were 2 treatment orders. Dornase alfa before + placebo after physiotherapy/PEP for 2 weeks was followed by a 2-week washout and then the reverse order placebo before and dornase alfa after physiotherapy/PEP for the final 2 weeks. The second treatment order reversed the placebo and dornase alfa therapy for the first and last 2-week blocks. The main outcome measures used included the change in predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), a composite quality of well-being score (QWB), and a measure of aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, [VO2max]), determined using shuttle testing. Results. Fifty-two patients who had CF (27 female) with mild to moderate suppurative lung disease, were a mean ± SD age of 10.7 ± 3.2 years, had Shwachman scores of 86 ± 11.8, had predicted FEV1 of 83% ± 18%, had quality of well-being score of 0.76 ± 0.08, and had VO2max of 42.6 ± 6.3 ml/kg per min were enrolled. Fifty patients completed the study. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. Nonsignificant mean (95% confidence interval) differences in FEV1 (0.02 L [−0.05 to 0.10]), VO2max (−0.75 ml/kg per min [−1.85 to 0.35]), and QWB (0.005 [−0.94 to 0.0028]) for dornase alfa after physiotherapy/PEP were detected. A post hoc analysis showed that patients who were colonized persistently with Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a significantly greater improvement in FEV1 (0.12 L [0.23 to 0.01] vs −0.04 L [0.05 to −0.13]) when dornase alfa was administered after physiotherapy/PEP. Conclusions. Dornase alfa is equally efficacious when delivered before or after physiotherapy/PEP in patients with CF. Patients who are colonized persistently with P aeruginosa may derive more improvement in FEV1 when dornase alfa is delivered after physiotherapy/PEP.
Optimal frequency measurements with maximally correlated states.

We show how maximally correlated states of N two-level particles can be used in spectroscopy to yield a frequency uncertainty equal to (NT), where T is the time of a single measurement. From the time-energy uncertainty relation we show that this is the best precision possible. We rephrase these results in the language of particle interferometry and obtain a state and detection operator which can be used to achieve a phase uncertainty exactly equal to the 1/N Heisenberg limit, where N is the number of particles used in the measurement. @S1050-2947~96! 50712-2#
Design-adaptive minimax local linear regression for longitudinal/clustered data

This paper studies a weighted local linear regression smoother for longi- tudinal/clustered data, which takes a form similar to the classical weighted least squares estimate. As a hybrid of the methods of Chen and Jin (2005) and Wang (2003), the proposed local linear smoother maintains the advantages of both meth- ods in computational and theoretical simplicity, variance minimization and bias reduction. Moreover, the proposed smoother is optimal in the sense that it attains linear minimax efficiency when the within-cluster correlation is correctly specified. In the special case that the joint density of covariates in a cluster exists and is continuous, any working within-cluster correlation would lead to linear minimax efficiency for the proposed method.
Noise prediction for channels with side information at the transmitter

The computation of channel capacity with side information at the transmitter side (but not at the receiver side) requires, in general, extension of the input alphabet to a space of "strategies", and is often hard. We consider the special case of a discrete memoryless module-additive noise channel Y=X+Z/sub s/, where the encoder observes causally the random state S/spl isin/S that governs the distribution of the noise Z/sub s/. We show that the capacity of this channel is given by C=log|/spl chi/|-min/sub t:S/spl rarr//spl chi//H(Z/sub S/-t(S)). This capacity is realized by a state-independent code, followed by a shift by the "noise prediction" t/sub min/(S) that minimizes the entropy of Z/sub s/-t(S). If the set of conditional noise distributions {p(z|s),s/spl isin/S} is such that the optimum predictor t/sub min/(/spl middot/) is independent of the state weights, then C is also the capacity for a noncausal encoder, that observes the entire state sequence in advance. Furthermore, for this case we also derive a simple formula for the capacity when the state process has memory.
Identifying Overlapping and Hierarchical Thematic Structures in Networks of Scholarly Papers: A Comparison of Three Approaches

The aim of this paper is to introduce and assess three algorithms for the identification of overlapping thematic structures in networks of papers. We implemented three recently proposed approaches to the identification of overlapping and hierarchical substructures in graphs and applied the corresponding algorithms to a network of 492 information-science papers coupled via their cited sources. The thematic substructures obtained and overlaps produced by the three hierarchical cluster algorithms were compared to a content-based categorisation, which we based on the interpretation of titles, abstracts, and keywords. We defined sets of papers dealing with three topics located on different levels of aggregation: h-index, webometrics, and bibliometrics. We identified these topics with branches in the dendrograms produced by the three cluster algorithms and compared the overlapping topics they detected with one another and with the three predefined paper sets. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of applying the three approaches to paper networks in research fields.
Evidence for the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecG helicase in DNA repair and recombination

In order to survive and replicate in a variety of stressful conditions during its life cycle, Mycobacterium tuberculosis must possess mechanisms to safeguard the integrity of the genome. Although DNA repair and recombination related genes are thought to play key roles in the repair of damaged DNA in all organisms, so far only a few of them have been functionally characterized in the tubercle bacillus. In this study, we show that M. tuberculosis RecG (MtRecG) expression was induced in response to different genotoxic agents. Strikingly, expression of MtRecG in Escherichia coli ∆recG mutant strain provided protection against mitomycin C, methyl methane sulfonate and UV induced cell death. Purified MtRecG exhibited higher binding affinity for the Holliday junction (HJ) compared with a number of canonical recombinational DNA repair intermediates. Notably, although MtRecG binds at the core of the mobile and immobile HJs, and with higher binding affinity for the immobile HJ, branch migration was evident only in the case of the mobile HJ. Furthermore, immobile HJs stimulate MtRecG ATPase activity less efficiently than mobile HJs. In addition to HJ substrates, MtRecG exhibited binding affinity for a variety of branched DNA structures including three‐way junctions, replication forks, flap structures, forked duplex and a D‐loop structure, but demonstrated strong unwinding activity on replication fork and flap DNA structures. Together, these results support that MtRecG plays an important role in processes related to DNA metabolism under normal as well as stress conditions.
Current Topics in Corrosion: Factors Influencing Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Kinetics

Abstract One of the problems in relation to predicting the rates of defect growth in structures displaying stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is that knowledge relating to realistic stress corrosion crack velocities is very limited. In monotonic slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) taken to total failure at usual strain rates and in tests on precracked specimens at stress intensity factors in excess of KISCC, stress corrosion crack velocities may be appreciably higher than are likely to occur in service, except in the very late stages of crack growth before a service failure. These differences probably develop partly because of differences in the effective crack tip strain rate, and consideration is given to various expressions for calculating the latter from the applied strain rate. For multiple cracked specimens, as in SSRTs, the importance of considering the number of cracks is demonstrated, in which case it is possible to calculate (involving electrochemical data) the crack velocity-strain rate relationships i.
Modification of Postsynaptic Densities after Transient Cerebral Ischemia: A Quantitative and Three-Dimensional Ultrastructural Study

Abnormal synaptic transmission has been hypothesized to be a cause of neuronal death resulting from transient ischemia, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we present evidence that synapses are markedly modified in the hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia. Using both conventional and high-voltage electron microscopy, we performed two- and three-dimensional analyses of synapses selectively stained with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid in the hippocampus of rats subjected to 15 min of ischemia followed by various periods of reperfusion. Postsynaptic densities (PSDs) from both area CA1 and the dentate gyrus were thicker and fluffier in postischemic hippocampus than in controls. Three-dimensional reconstructions of selectively stained PSDs created using electron tomography indicated that postsynaptic densities became more irregular and loosely configured in postischemic brains compared with those in controls. A quantitative study based on thin sections of the time course of PSD modification indicated that the increase in thickness was both greater and more long-lived in area CA1 than in dentate gyrus. Whereas the magnitude of morphological change in dentate gyrus peaked at 4 hr of reperfusion (140% of control values) and declined thereafter, changes in area CA1 persisted and increased at 24 hr of reperfusion (191% of control values). We hypothesize that the degenerative ultrastructural alteration of PSDs may produce a toxic signal such as a greater calcium influx, which is integrated from the thousands of excitatory synapses onto dendrites, and is propagated to the neuronal somata where it causes or contributes to neuronal damage during the postischemic phase.