Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength and microleakage of conventional glass ionomer cement, resin modified glass ionomer cement and compomer: An in vitro study

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the tensile bond strength and microleakage of Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC, and compoglass and to compare bond strength with degree of microleakage exhibited by the same materials. Materials and Methods: Occlusal surfaces of 96 noncarious primary teeth were ground perpendicular to long axis of the tooth. Preparations were distributed into three groups consisting of Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC and Compoglass. Specimens were tested for tensile bond strength by mounting them on Instron Universal Testing Machine. Ninety-six primary molars were treated with Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC, and compoglass on box-only prepared proximal surface. Samples were thermocycled, stained with dye, sectioned, and scored for microleakage under stereomicroscope. ANOVA and Bonferrani correction test were done for comparisons. Pearson Chi-square test and regression analysis were done to assess the association between the parameters. Results: Compoglass showed highest tensile strength and Fuji II LC showed least microleakage. There was a significant difference between the three groups in tensile strength and microleakage levels. The correlation between tensile strength and microleakage level in each group showed that there was a significant negative correlation only in Group 3. Conclusion: Fuji II LC and compoglass can be advocated in primary teeth because of their superior physical properties when compared with Fuji IX GP.
DIFERENCIAS INDIVIDUALES EN EL DESARROLLO DE LA AUTOEFICACIA Y EL LOGRO ACADÉMICO: EL EFECTO DE UN ANDAMIAJE COMPUTACIONAL

This research examines the relationship between self-efficacy, cognitive style and academic achievement of high school students during the interaction with a hypermedia environment to learn geometric transformations in the plane under three contrasting conditions: a) presence or absence of a self-regulatory structure in the software, b) learning individually or in pairs, and c) cognitive style in the dimension of field independence/dependence. Participants were 140 tenth grade students from four class groups of a high school at Soacha, Cundinamarca - Colombia. The research used a 2x2x3 factorial design, with pre-formed groups. A MANCOVA analysis was performed which showed significant effects on self-efficacy and academic achievement due to the presence of a self-regulatory structure and work in pairs.
ENDURING ETHNICITY: THE POLITICAL SURVIVAL OF INCUMBENT ETHNIC PARTIES IN WESTERN DEMOCRACIES

Abstract In this paper I argue that incumbent ethnic and class-based parties are differently judged by voters at election time. Incumbent ethnic parties tend to be evaluated according to their defence of the ethno-nationalist programme of national independence and ethnic hegemony. Thus, they are relatively immune against electoral punishment stemming from government performance as conventionally defined in economic terms. Incumbent class-based parties tend to be judged according to their economic performance. This difference in the way voters assess the two types of parties becomes a competitive advantage for ethnic parties when they share the government with class parties. Under these circumstances, ethnic parties are less severely punished than class parties and therefore they are more likely to remain in power. I examine aggregate data from the regional governments of Canada, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and Denmark, focusing on three main empirical indicators: electoral performance, vote fluctuation and survival in office. Key words: ethnic parties, class parties, electoral performance, political survival, elections.
Ethnic Identity Moderates Perceptions of Prejudice: Judgments of Personal Versus Group Discrimination and Subtle Versus Blatant Bias

Two studies investigate the association between ethnic identity and perceptions of prejudice. Study 1 examined the relationship between ethnic identity and the personal-group discrimination discrepancy (PGD) among ethnic minority and White respondents. High-identified minorities reported increased personal vulnerability to discrimination and less PGD, whereas less-identified minorities conformed more to the PGD phenomenon. Whites also reported more personal than group discrimination, but ethnic identity did not moderate this effect. Study 2 examined minorities’ perceptions of prejudice in an interaction with a White confederate, who displayed either obvious or subtle prejudice. High-identified minorities showed stronger reactions to subtle prejudice than did low-identified minorities, who tended to overlook subtle prejudice. The authors relate findings to principles from stigma research, social identity, and self-categorization theory and suggest that ethnic identity can explain why some minorities perceive prejudice when others do not.
Music Educators’ Involvement in the Individual Education Program Process and Their Knowledge of Assistive Technology

In 1997, the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 1990 was amended to require that assistive technology be considered when preparing an individual education program (IEP). This study explored involvement of Midwestern music educators in the IEP development process as well as their knowledge and attitudes regarding use of assistive technology in teaching students with disabilities. Music educators reported that they continue to have a low level of self-reported involvement in educational planning for students with disabilities. Although music educators recognize the utility of assistive technology, their knowledge base remains limited. Music educators identified the need for better preparation to teach students with disabilities as well as improved interdisciplinary collaboration.
Externalized Self-Perceptions, Self-Silencing, and the Prediction of Eating Pathology

Les modeles de socialisation associes aux roles sexuels proposent que le taux eleve de problemes alimentaires chez les femmes pourraient etre causes par un processus de socialisation specifiquement feminin. Ce processus encourage les femmes a se percevoir de facon relationnelle, a eviter les conflits et a se conformer aux normes sociales concernant la minceur. Cette etude examine le role de ce processus de socialisation dans le developpement des pathologies alimentaires. Deux cents trente-six etudiantes universitaire de premier cycle ont complete des mesures d'habitudes alimentaires, de variables corporelles (satisfaction corporelle, poids, attitude face au poids), et de style relationnel (orientation externe a la perception de soi, et effacement personnel). L'importance accordee a l'apparence et au poids, et une orientation externe a la perception de soi sont relies aux cognitions pathologiques face a l'alimentation. L'effacement personnel est relie aux comportements boulimiques lorsque les variables corporelles sont controlees. Les processus de socialisations feminins tels que l'effacement personnel et l'orientation externe a la perception de soi pourraient contribuer au developpement de desordres alimentaires. l'ar consequent, ces elements pourraient etres integres aux interventions psychoeducationelles et cognitives-comportementales.
Who Is Going to College? Predicting Education Training From Pre-VR Consumer Characteristics

The relationship of receiving college and university training within the state vocational rehabilitation (VR) program to pre-VR consumer characteristics was investigated with a multiple direct logistic regression technique. A model containing 11 pre-VR characteristics predict the reception of college and university training for a multidisability set of consumers who received VR services (R2 = .11). Characteristics represent both intrinsic and extrinsic properties of consumers associated with the outcome variable. A second analysis on the relationship between college and university training and competitive employment was conducted with a simple logistic regression technique. Consumers were less likely to secure employment following the reception of college and university training (R2 = .00). Results are discussed in the context of plausible explanations and implications for career counseling.
The Practice of Routines and Representations in Design and Development

Using observational data from a longitudinal real-time field study, we contribute theoretically, empirically, and methodologically to the role of routines in new product design and development. We focus on the work being done by formal representations and formal routines in the design and development of a complex capital good. We find that, contrary to the emphasis in much of the literature, formal routines and representations, in particular those embodied in artifacts, while pervasive, play only a limited role. Rather, of greater influence are the various non-formal representations used to support interaction and communication: representations from routines (and elsewhere), instead of formal representation of routines. We propose a rebalancing of the relationships between routines and representations, a dialectical and mediating --in contrast to a linear and genetic--relationship. Copyright 2009 The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
Social and Musical Co-Ordination between Members of a String Quartet: An Exploratory Study

This paper examines the social and musical co-ordination between members of a student string quartet in rehearsal and performance. Devised as an exploratory observation and interview study, a two-tier analysis of the data is undertaken. The first deals with broadly socio-cultural issues, the second with moment-by-moment social and musical co-ordination. The results indicate that there are many factors that influence the functioning of such an ensemble. These include personal concerns about particular social dynamics within the group, performance anxiety worries, as well as immediate musical demands relating to the co-ordination of content and process. The paper concludes with a discussion of ways in which further studies of social and musical co-ordination might be developed. In particular, emphasis is given to the need for the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework reflecting a more adequate conception of music ontology and encapsulating the mutuality of the multi-tier social and musical factors.
Kinetic Analysis of the Cooperation of P-Glycoprotein (P-gp/Abcb1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (Bcrp/Abcg2) in Limiting the Brain and Testis Penetration of Erlotinib, Flavopiridol, and Mitoxantrone

A synergistic effect of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/Abcb1a and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp)/Abcg2 was reported to limit the brain penetration of their common substrates. This study investigated this based on pharmacokinetics using Mdr1a/1b(−/−), Bcrp(−/−), and Mdr1a/1b(−/−)/Bcrp(−/−) mice. Comparison of the brain- and testis-to-plasma ratios (Cbrain/Cplasma and Ctestis/Cplasma, respectively) of the reference compounds quinidine and dantrolene for P-gp and Bcrp, respectively, indicates that impairment of either P-gp and Bcrp did not cause any change in the efflux activities of Bcrp or P-gp, respectively, at both the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-testis barrier (BTB). The Cbrain/Cplasma and Ctestis/Cplasma of the common substrates erlotinib, flavopiridol, and mitoxantrone were markedly increased in Mdr1a/1b(−/−)/Bcrp(−/−) mice even compared with Mdr1a/1b(−/−) and Bcrp(−/−) mice. Efflux activities by P-gp and Bcrp relative to passive diffusion at the BBB and BTB were separately evaluated based on the Cbrain/Cplasma and Ctestis/Cplasma in the knockout strains to the wild-type strain. P-gp made a larger contribution than Bcrp to the net efflux of the common substrates, but Bcrp activities were also significantly larger than passive diffusion. These parameters could reasonably account for the marked increase in Cbrain/Cplasma and Ctestis/Cplasma in the Mdr1a/1b(−/−)/Bcrp(−/−) mice. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of P-gp and Bcrp on Cbrain/Cplasma and Ctestis/Cplasma can be explained by their contribution to the net efflux at the BBB and BTB without any interaction between P-gp and Bcrp.
Simultaneous Activation of p38 MAPK and p42/44 MAPK by ATP Stimulates the K+ Current ITREK in Cardiomyocytes*

Living cells exhibit multiple K+ channel proteins; among these is the recently reported atypical two-pore domain K+ channel protein TREK-1. Most K+ currents are modulated by neurohormones and under various pathological conditions. Here, in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we characterize for the first time a native TREK-1-like current (ITREK) that is activated by ATP, a purine agonist applied at a micromolar range. This current is sensitive to arachidonic acid, intracellular acidosis, and various K+ current inhibitors. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction reveals the presence of a TREK-1-like mRNA in rat cardiomyocytes that shows 93% identity with mouse TREK-1. ATP effects are greatly attenuated in the presence of arachidonic acid or HCO− 3-induced intracellular acidosis. Using a series of inhibitors, we further demonstrate that the ATP-induced stimulation of ITREKimplies the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and the release of arachidonic acid. These events require the simultaneous involvement of p38 MAPK and p42/44 MAPK, respectively, via a cAMP-dependent protein kinase and a tyrosine kinase pathway, whereas the two MAPKs conjugate to activate a mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK-1). Our results thus demonstrate the occurrence of a TREK-1-like current in cardiac cells whose activation by purine agonists implies a dual-MAPK cytosolic pathway.
Angler Perspectives on Walleye Management

Abstract The need to incorporate demographic and sociological data into fishery management programs has been widely recognized, and data from many statewide and national surveys are now available. Most studies of anglers have not addressed differences in characteristics, attitudes, and behavior that exist among angler types, however. The objectives of my study were to describe the opinions of anglers on the relative importance of various factors in promoting good and poor fishing for walleyes Stizostedion vitreum. I surveyed attendees at walleye fishing seminars and I use the results as a basis for discussing walleye angler perceptions. I also describe walleye angler subgroups, based on my observations and communications with anglers, and I discuss them in light of survey results. Good habitat was rated the most important factor for good walleye fishing. Size limits, bag limits, and natural conditions were also rated important. Respondents rated introductory stocking, seasonal closures, and water-level ma.
Bayesian Bridging Topic Models for Classification

We study the problem of constructing the topic-based model over different domains for text classification. In real-world applications, there are abundant unlabeled documents but sparse labeled documents. It is challenging to construct a reliable and adaptive model to classify a large amount of documents containing different domains. The classifiers trained from a source domain shall perform poorly for the test data in a target domain. Also, the trained model is vulnerable to the weakness of classification among ambiguous classes. In this study, we tackle the issues of domain mismatch and confusing classes and conduct the discriminative transfer learning for text classification. We propose a Bayesian bridging topic models (BTM) from a variety of labeled and unlabeled documents and perform the transfer learning for cross-domain text classification. A structural model is built and its parameters are estimated by maximizing the joint marginal likelihood of labeled and unlabeled data via a variational inference procedure. We also construct the discriminative learning on our proposed model for adjust parameters by using the minimum classification error criterion. We show that improvements over cross-domain text classification using the proposed model can be achieved better performance than other models.
New modules for PCR‐based gene targeting in Candida albicans: rapid and efficient gene targeting using 100 bp of flanking homology region

The use of PCR‐based techniques for directed gene alterations has become a standard tool in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In our efforts to increase the speed of functional analysis of Candida albicans genes, we constructed a modular system of plasmid vectors and successfully applied PCR‐amplified functional analysis (FA)‐cassettes in the transformation of C. albicans. These cassettes facilitate: (a) gene disruptions; (b) tagging of 3′‐ends of genes with green fluorescent protein (GFP); and (c) replacements of endogenous promoters to achieve regulated expression. The modules consists of a core of three selectable marker genes, CaURA3, CaHIS1 and CaARG4. Modules for C‐terminal GFP‐tagging were generated by adding GFP‐sequences flanked at the 5′‐end by a (Gly‐Ala)3‐linker and at the 3′‐end by the S. cerevisiae URA3‐terminator to these selection markers. Promoter exchange modules consist of the respective marker genes followed by the regulatable CaMAL2 or CaMET3 promoters at their 3′‐ends. In order to ensure a reliably high rate of homologous gene targeting, the flanking homology regions required a size of 100 bp of gene‐specific sequences, which were provided with the oligonucleotide primers. The use of shorter flanking homology regions produced unsatisfactory results with C. albicans strain BWP17. With these new modules only a minimal set of primers is required to achieve the functional analysis of C. albicans genes and, therefore, provides a basic tool to increase the number of functionally characterized C. albicans genes of this human pathogen in the near future. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The moral functioning of the person as a whole: On moral psychology and personality science

Noun phrases such as “moral psychology” and the “moral domain” appear to refer to singularities. There apparently is a particular type of psychology that comes into play in a particular domain of life: the moral. And maybe there is. Yet even a quick glance at work in the field reveals multiplicities. Consider the model presented by Rest (1984; also reviewed in Bergman, 2004). The components of moral functioning that are identified encompass psychological functions that are diverse: interpreting situations, formulating courses of action, contemplating and selecting among alternative values that bear on a given circumstance, executing courses of action. If one considers also the psychological structures and processes (declarative and procedural knowledge, affective systems, cognitive appraisal processes, etc.) that may come into play as individuals execute each of these four functions (interpreting, formulating, selecting, executing), the resulting set of psychological systems is so diverse that it becomes difficult to identify systems that are not involved in moral reasoning or action. The set of relevant psychological systems only expands when one considers theoretical views in which evolved, domain-specific mechanisms that may be localizable within specific regions of the brain underpin responses to moral dilemmas and violations of moral codes (Greene, Sommerville, Nystrom, Darley, & Cohen, 2001; Haidt, 2001; Hauser, 2006). When psychologists whose primary expertise is not in moral psychology – such as the present authors – look in on the field, they are tempted to ask: “What's the difference between moral psychology and psychology in general? ”
Flow resistance of vegetated oblique weir-like obstacles during high water stages

At high water stages obstacles in the floodplains of a river contribute to the flow resistance. In particular the elevated vegetated parts are expected to play an important role. The objective of this study is to estimate and parameterize the form drag due to vegetated oblique weir-like obstacles. An experimental study has been carried out in the Laboratory of Environmental Fluid Mechanics of Delft University of Technology. Measurements for energy head losses were carried out for a range of discharges and downstream water levels covering submerged and subcritical flow conditions. The Head loss due to submerged vegetated dikes has been modeled by an expansion loss form drag model. Expansion loss form drag model has been derived from one dimensional momentum conservation equation and accounts for the energy loss associated with a deceleration of the flow downstream of a sudden flow expansion. The results have been compared with experimental data.
Qualitative Analysis on Stage: Making the Research Process More Public

Discussions regarding standards for assessing qualitative research have not sufficiently addressed questions concerning the privatization of this type of analysis. In response to this dilemma, the authors of this article address some of the strategies that they have employed in working with doctoral students and offer suggestions for assessing and publicly disclosing the methodological rigor and analytical defensibility of qualitative research. Specifically, tabular strategies are introduced for use in documenting the relationship between data sources and a study’s research questions, the development of themes and categories, and the triangulation of findings. Examples from three dissertations are provided.
Influence of Occupational Socialization on Two Preservice Teachers’ Interpretation and Delivery of the Sport Education Model

The purpose of this study was to (a) examine how two preservice teachers (PTs) interpreted and delivered the sport education (SE) model during their student teaching and (b) discover factors that led to the their interpreting and delivering the model in the ways they did. The theoretical framework used to guide data collection and analysis was occupational socialization. Data were collected using a variety of qualitative techniques and analyzed using standard interpretive methods. Results revealed that high quality SE-Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) facilitated both a commitment to the model and the ability to teach the full version of it for a teaching-oriented and moderately coaching-oriented PT. Key elements of SE-PETE responsible for this commitment and competence appeared to be the teaching of prescribed mini-seasons before student teaching, the conditions encountered by PTs during teaching practice, and a host of PETE faculty characteristics congruent with the general PETE occupational s.
Assessing Subjective Well-Being in the Old-Old

A review of past research reveals apparent gaps in many current measures of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) including the Bradburn (1969) Affect Balance subscales popular among gerontologists and other social scientists. In many cases, the measures produce PA/NA correlations so high that some researchers claim subjective well-being is unidimensional. A viable alternative measure of positive and negative affect is the PANAS (Watson, Clark, and Tellegen 1988), which appears to distinguish clearly between these two emotional dimensions of subjective well-being. Unfortunately, however, only younger samples have served as subjects in research on the PANAS. Accordingly, the current study assessed the psychometric qualities of the PANAS applied to a sample of the old-old. Consistent with prior studies of younger samples, the results here clearly support the viability of the measure among the elderly. Of particular significance, the PA and NA dimensions appear completely independent of each other. More broadly, the results also support using the circumplex model of emotions when selecting mood adjectives to represent the affective dimensions of subjective well-being.