Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Leadership and Activities of Academic Deans in Independent Colleges and Universities: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Study

The purpose of this mixed methods sequential explanatory study was to examine the role of academic deans in entrepreneurial activity in upstate New York independent colleges and universities. Higher education institutions are facing difficult economic times which can place financial pressure on leaders in colleges and universities to seek out alternate funding sources through entrepreneurial endeavors. Academic deans are in a vital leadership position to engage in revenue generating activities when faced with limited resources. The quantitative results of this study suggest that academic deans’ self-perceived entrepreneurial orientation decreased the longer they are in their position. The quantitative results also suggest that some academic deans who were expected to engage in entrepreneurial activities, as part of their job description, have a higher selfperceived entrepreneurial orientation. The themes that emerged from the qualitative found that the collective accountability of academic deans and their skills in collaborative relationship building may impact their ability to engage and develop entrepreneurial activities. This study offered practical knowledge to academic leaders in higher education by identifying a new conceptual approach of a process on how academic deans can create new revenue sources for their institution. Several recommendations were described to assist institutions in reducing financial challenges, such as adopting a de-centralized budget model and developing a reward structure for entrepreneurial academic deans. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Arthur L. Walton, Jr. Second Supervisor Dianne Cooney Miner Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/65 Entrepreneurial Leadership and Activities of Academic Deans in Independent Colleges and Universities: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Study
Infection control knowledge and practices related to HIV among Nigerian dentists.

BACKGROUND Many diseases including HIV/AIDS can be transmitted in the dental setting when effective infection control procedures are ignored. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the infection control knowledge and practices of Nigerian dentists in the era of HIV/AIDS. METHODOLOGY Information on knowledge of transmission of HIV, occupational vulnerability, infection control practices, and opinion on adequacy of infection control facilities were gathered from dentists through a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge was assessed on a total score of 20 questions. RESULTS Only 3.6% of the dentists had poor knowledge. Younger males and dentists working in teaching hospitals had significantly better knowledge than their counterparts. While 40.8% believed HIV could be transmitted through saliva, only 43.2% knew it could be transmitted through the conjunctiva. Most (93.2%) wore gloves routinely and the most common barrier to glove use was non-availability. Most (79.2%) used autoclaves for sterilization; however, chemical disinfectants and boiling were also used. The majority (72.4%) believed the facilities for infection control in their centres were inadequate. Close to half of the respondents (47.6%; n = 118) rated the occupational risk of becoming infected with HIV as high. CONCLUSION The results of this study have shown that while the level of knowledge of the dentists was generally acceptable, there were still some misconceptions on the transmission and occupational vulnerability of HIV. It also indicates only partial compliance with recommended infection control procedures among Nigerian dentists as a result of inadequate supplies.
Construction Concepts for Continuum Regression

Approaches for meaningful regressor construction in the linear prediction problem are investigated in a framework similar to partial least squares and continuum regression, but weighted to allow for intelligent specification of an evaluative scheme. A cross-validatory continuum regression procedure is proposed, and shown to compare well with ordinary continuum regression in empirical demonstrations. Similar procedures are formulated from model-based constructive criteria, but are shown to be severely limited in their potential to enhance predictive performance. By paying careful attention to the interpretability of the proposed methods, the paper addresses a long-standing criticism that the current methodology relies on arbitrary mechanisms.
The promises and limitations of gender-transformative health programming with men: critical reflections from the field

Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, researchers and practitioners have engaged in a series of efforts to shift health programming with men from being gender-neutral to being more gender-sensitive and gender-transformative. Efforts in this latter category have been increasingly utilised, particularly in the last decade, and attempt to transform gender relations to be more equitable in the name of improved health outcomes for both women and men. We begin by assessing the conceptual progression of social science contributions to gender-transformative health programming with men. Next, we briefly assess the empirical evidence from gender-transformative health interventions with men. Finally, we examine some of the challenges and limitations of gender-transformative health programmes and make recommendations for future work in this thriving interdisciplinary area of study.
Risk Information and Retirement Investment Choices Under Prospect Theory

We assess alternative presentations of investment risk using a discrete choice experiment which asked subjects to rank three investment portfolios for retirement savings across nine risk presentation formats and four underlying risk levels. Using Prospective Theory utility specifications we estimate individual-specific parameters for risk preferences in gains and losses, loss aversion and error propensity variability. Our results support presentations that describe investment risk using probability tails. Risk preferences and error propensity were found to vary significantly across sociodemographic groups and levels of financial literacy. Our findings should assist regulatory efforts to disclose risk information to the mass market.
Neuronal activity in monkey striatum related to the expectation of predictable environmental events.

1. This study investigated neuronal activity in the striatum preceding predictable environmental events and behavioral reactions. Monkeys performed in a delayed go-nogo task that included separate time periods during which animals expected signals of behavioral significance, prepared for execution or inhibition of arm reaching movements, and expected the delivery of reward. In the task, animals were instructed by a green light cue to perform an arm reaching movement when a trigger stimulus came on approximately 3 s later (go situation). Movement was withheld after the same trigger light when the instruction cue had been red (nogo situation). Liquid reward was delivered on correct performance in both situations. 2. A total of 1,173 neurons were studied in the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) of 3 animals, of which 615 (52%) showed some change in activity during task performance. This report describes how the activity of 193 task-related neurons increased in advance of at least 1 component of the task, namely the instruction cue, the trigger stimulus, or the delivery of liquid reward. These neurons were found in dorsal and anterior parts of caudate and putamen and were slightly more frequent in the proximity of the internal capsule. 3. The activity of 16 neurons increased in both go and nogo trials before the onset of the instruction and subsided shortly after this signal. These activations may be related to the expectation of the instruction as the first signal in each trial. 4. The activity of 15 neurons increased between the instruction and the trigger stimulus in both go and nogo trials. These activations may be related to the expectation of the trigger stimulus independent of an arm movement. Further 56 neurons showed sustained activations only when the instruction requested a movement reaction. Activations were absent in trials in which the movement was withheld. Twenty-one of these neurons were tested with 2 different movement targets, 5 of which showed activity related to the direction of movement. These activations may be related to the preparation of movement or expectation of the specific movement triggering signal. The activity of an additional 20 neurons was unmodulated before the trigger stimulus in movement trials but increased in the interval between the no-movement instruction and the trigger stimulus for withholding the movement. These activations may be related to the preparation of movement inhibition as specific nogo reaction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The new dual-texture G distribution for single-look PolSAR data

A new form of G distribution, called the dual-texture G distribution, is proposed for Single-Look Complex (SLC) PolSAR data. Unlike the scalar texture productmodel, the dual texture G distribution is derived considering different texture variables for co-pol and cross-pol (x-pol) channels. The co-pol and x-pol texture variables are modelled by the Generalized Inverse Gaussian (GIG) distribution, separately. The result is a more flexible multivariate distribution. Also Mellin Kind Statistics (MKS) are utilized to analyze GIG textures, observe evidence of dual texture and to estimate shape parameters.
Parallaxes of Five L Dwarfs with a Robotic Telescope

We report the parallax and proper motion of five L dwarfs obtained with observations from the robotic Liverpool Telescope. Our derived proper motions are consistent with published values and have considerably smaller errors. Based on our spectral type versus absolute magnitude diagram, we do not find any evidence for binaries among our sample—or, at least no comparable mass binaries. Their space velocities locate them within the thin disk, and based on the model comparisons, they have solar-like abundances. For all five objects, we derived effective temperature, luminosity, radius, gravity, and mass from an evolutionary model (CBA00) and our measured parallax; moreover, we derived their effective temperature by integrating observed optical and near-infrared spectra and model spectra (BSH06 or BT-Dusty) at longer wavelengths to obtain bolometric flux using the classical Stefan-Boltzmann law. Generally, the three temperatures for one object derived using two different methods with three models are consistent, although at lower temperature (e.g., for L4) the differences among the three temperatures are slightly larger than those at higher temperature (e.g., for L1).
The relationship between retinal ganglion cell function and retinal nerve fiber thickness in early glaucoma.

PURPOSE To compare relative reduction of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in early glaucoma by means of steady-state pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. METHODS Eighty-four persons with suspected glaucoma due to disc abnormalities (GS: mean age 56.6 +/- 13.8 years, standard automated perimetry [SAP] mean deviation [MD] -0.58 +/- 1.34 dB) and 34 patients with early manifest glaucoma (EMG, mean age 65.9 +/- 10.7 years, SAP MD -2.7 +/- 4.5 dB) were tested with PERG and OCT. Both GS and EMG patients had small refractive errors, corrected visual acuity > or =20/25, and no systemic or retinal disease other than glaucoma. RESULTS MDs from age-predicted normal values were larger for PERG amplitude (GS: -1.113 dB; EMG: -2.352 dB) compared with the PERG-matched RNFL thickness (GS: -0.217 dB; EMG: -0.725 dB). Deviations exceeding the lower 95% tolerance intervals of the normal population were more frequent for PERG amplitude (GS: 26%; EMG: 56%) than PERG-matched RNFL thickness (GS: 6%; EMG: 29%). CONCLUSIONS In early glaucoma, reduction in RGC electrical activity exceeds the proportion expected from lost RGC axons, suggesting that a population of viable RGCs in the central retina is dysfunctional. By combining PERG and OCT it is, in principle, possible to obtain unique information on reduced responsiveness of viable RGCs.
The relationship between selected anthropometric variables and the sports results of early pubescent swimmers

Background: ‪Relations between anthropometric parameters and sports results in swimming are well documented, but only few studies concern young athletes. Scientific evidence do not indicate definitely, which anthropometric variables determine swimming performance among pubertal athletes. Material and methods: ‪Forty one swimmers at the mean age of 12.2 years (including 15 females) were examined. Body composition was assessed by Tanita BC 545N device. Body height, hand length, hand width and arm span were also determined. Anthropometric data were compared to results of 50 m freestyle and 200 m individual medley. Results: ‪Calculations made by Pearson's coefficient revealed significant liaisons between body height, arm span and hand length towards freestyle results. Relationships between anthropometric measurements and 200 m individual medley results were essential only in boys. The other variables showed week and insignificant correlations with sports results. Conclusions: ‪Results of our study suggest that in early adolescence body height and upper limb dimensions affect swimming performance much more than body composition.
Imaging the brain in dementia: expensive and futile?

Summary The verdict is obvious. There is really no choice but toimage a patient with dementia to rule in the most likelydiagnosis, to rule out unsuspected disease, and to con-tinue to advance our understanding of the disease pro-cesses and their longitudinal progression. Although thecost is substantial, the potential benefits justify the expen-diture. As new treatments and treatment strategies be-come available, the cost to the patient and to society of notscanning dementia will far surpass the cost of scanning.Thoseresearchersandclinicianswhodoggedlypressed onduring years of painstakingly slow progress are finallybeing vindicated. References 1. Schoenberg BS. Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease and otherdementing disorders. J Chronic Dis 1986;39:1095–11042. Clark RF, Goate AM. Molecular genetics of Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Neurol 1993;50:1164–11723. Evans DA, Funkenstein HH, Albert MS, et al. Prevalence of Alz-heimer’s disease in a community population of older persons:higher than previously reported
Purely Financial Synergies and the Optimal Scope of the Firm: Implications for Mergers, Spin-Offs, and Structured Finance

We consider multiple activities with imperfectly correlated cash flows and zero operational synergies. These activities may be separated financially (through separate incorporation or the use of special purpose entities), allowing each to optimize its financial structure, or merged into an entity with a single optimal financial structure. In the presence of corporate taxes and default costs, mergers can realize purely financial synergies due to reduced risk and the potential for greater leverage, as suggested by Lewellen (1971). But his conclusion that mergers always create positive financial synergies is incorrect: when firms have quite different risks or default costs, the loss from no longer being able to fit different capital structure policies to separate activities may exceed the gain from diversification. C Characteristics of activities that gain from combination or separation are identified, and the magnitudes of gains are examined assuming normally distributed cash flows and a simple model of optimal capital structure. The results have direct application to mergers and spin-offs, and provide a rationale for structured finance techniques such as asset securitization and project finance. JEL Classification Codes: G32, G34 _______________________________ *Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley Leland@haas.berkeley. edu
Prospective Observation of 5-Year Clinical Course of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Korean Population

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common clinical condition, whereas it's natural course has not been identified distinctly. We evaluated the natural history of 169 SCH patients over 5-yr and the prognostic factors including thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid ultrasonographic (USG) findings related to develop overt hypothyroidism. After 5 yr, 47.3% of patients showed normalization of TSH, while 36.7% of patients remained persistence of high level of TSH, and overt hypothyroidism developed in 11.2% of patients. There were painless thyroiditis (2.9%) and hyperthyroidism (1.7%) during 5 yr follow-up. The thyroid nodule was seen in 48.6% of patients. Most of patients had 1 to 2 nodules whereas only 3% of patients with thyroid nodule had more than 6 nodules. Overt hypothyroidism patients had more heterogenous echogenecity in USG compared to patients with normalization or persistent SCH (76.5% vs 50.0% vs 35.0%, P = 0.048) and higher prevalence positive anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO Ab) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg Ab) and titer of anti-TPO Ab than other two groups. The cut off values for prediction of overt hypothyroidism were TSH > 7.45 µIU/mL, free T4 < 1.09 ng/dL and Anti-TPO Ab > 560 IU/mL. SCH has various courses and initial TSH, free T4, presence of thyroid autoantibody, titer of thyroid autoantibody; and thyroid USG findings can serve as a prognostic factor for progression of overt hypothyroidism. These parameters suggest consideration to initiate thyroid hormone treatment in SCH.
Microstructure Abnormalities in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder

Background Recent studies suggest that internet addiction disorder (IAD) is associated with structural abnormalities in brain gray matter. However, few studies have investigated the effects of internet addiction on the microstructural integrity of major neuronal fiber pathways, and almost no studies have assessed the microstructural changes with the duration of internet addiction. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the morphology of the brain in adolescents with IAD (N = 18) using an optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) technique, and studied the white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) changes using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) method, linking these brain structural measures to the duration of IAD. We provided evidences demonstrating the multiple structural changes of the brain in IAD subjects. VBM results indicated the decreased gray matter volume in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the supplementary motor area (SMA), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the cerebellum and the left rostral ACC (rACC). DTI analysis revealed the enhanced FA value of the left posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and reduced FA value in the white matter within the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Gray matter volumes of the DLPFC, rACC, SMA, and white matter FA changes of the PLIC were significantly correlated with the duration of internet addiction in the adolescents with IAD. Conclusions Our results suggested that long-term internet addiction would result in brain structural alterations, which probably contributed to chronic dysfunction in subjects with IAD. The current study may shed further light on the potential brain effects of IAD.
PATTERNS IN THE ADOPTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES

This theoretical paper considers the dissemination of CSR practices within organizational fields. It develops propositions linking different prevailing drivers for adoption of a CSR practice with states in its diffusion within the field. Existing explanations from fields such as institutional theory and innovation diffusion suggest that in most cases, a practice is initiated for instrumental and technical reasons, imitated as its benefits become known and institutionalized through mimetic and coercive pressures. We suggest the adoption of CSR practices, however, may follow a different pattern. They are often initiated for idealistic, ethical, or religious reasons, which are endogenous to the adopter, and the economic benefits may be unclear or even believed to be absent. Later adopters are driven by different factors from earlier ones, as the perceptions change regarding the economic benefits, and as the visibility of the practice to outside stakeholders and society at large becomes greater. We develop a model and propositions linking stages of adoption with locus of stimulus for adoption and perceptions of economic benefits. This model postulates discrete states through which a practice may pass, perhaps sequentially. These are: isolated adoption, limited diffusion, widespread diffusion, coercive adoption, institionalised and perpetuation. The primary drivers for practice adoption or retention in each state are, respectively, idealism, enlightened self-interest, legitimation, fear of resource penalties, societal normative pressures and organisational inertia.
Adaptation of Physics Metacognition Inventory to Turkish

This study aimed to adapt the Physical Metacognition Inventory (PMI) developed by Taasoobshirazi and Farley (2013) to Turkish. PMI consists of 24 items and six factors. The scale items were translated into Turkish by the researchers, and a Turkish-English comprehensibility form was prepared to elicit the opinions of Turkish-English language experts. After making the necessary revision according to the feedback of the experts, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was undertaken. A total of 554 students participated in the research, selected from prospective teachers enrolled in the science teaching and classroom teaching programs offered by education faculties or prospective engineers studying in engineering faculties. The results of CFA revealed that the factors and related items of the adapted scale were the same as in the original version. The reliability of measurement was calculated as 0.93 for the whole scale. The adapted PMI presented in this research can be applied to evaluate the level of metacognition used by high school and university students in solving physics problems.