Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does integrating physical activity in the elementary school classroom influence academic motivation?

Integrating physical activity (PA) in the classroom is a promising avenue for youth to increase their PA levels and academic achievement. However, research on its role in children's academic motivation is limited. Intrinsic motivation is important because it predicts both academic achievement and physical activity participation. The purpose was to examine the effect of PA integrated with academic lessons compared to traditional lessons on children's academic motivation. A total of 147 4th to 6th grade students (64 male, 83 female) from 15 classes participated. The intervention included six consecutive lessons over a two-week period on an academic subject (Language Arts, Math, Social Studies), alternating between traditional (1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th; control) and integrated with PA (10 min) lessons in the classroom (3rd and 5th). The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory was used to assess students' Interest/Enjoyment, Perceived Competence, Effort, Value, and Pressure. After checking for non-significant interactions with gender, age, and academic subject, repeated-measure ANOVAs were conducted. Interest/Enjoyment significantly decreased after the traditional lessons (4th and 6th, F = 3.80, F = 4.18, respectively, p < 0.05) and increased significantly after the second integrated lesson (5th, F = 7.26, p < 0.01). Perceived Competence and Effort significantly increased after the integrated lesson (F = 4.87, F = 5.03, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas neither the Perceived Value of the lesson declined nor did children report feelings of Pressure from this alternative teaching method. This research showed that PA integrated with the academic subjects can positively impact children's academic motivation.
Defined by our hierarchy? How hierarchical positions shape our identifications and well-being at work

We explore the influence of hierarchy on workers’ identification and well-being. Specifically, we hypothesize that the accessibility of different identity targets will vary according to the distinct priorities and perspectives found at different hierarchical levels, and that this will have implications for the identification and well-being of workers operating in these different positions. Testing our predictions in a sample of 789 naval personnel we find strong support for our hypotheses. Specifically, we find that individuals in operational positions identify strongly with their career and functional workgroups and that these attachments are important in predicting their affective well-being. In contrast, the identifications and well-being of personnel in mid-level and strategic positions are more strongly tied to career and organizational identities respectively. This research provides new insights into the nature and impact of patterns of identification in the workplace, with important theoretical and practical implications for the affective well-being of workers.
Motivational Readiness, self-efficacy and decision-making for exercise

Exercise has important health benefits, but a large proportion of the population is physically inactive. We examined the prevalence of stages of readiness to exercise and their relationship to self-efficacy and to the costs and benefits of exercising in samples of 1093 employees in and around Providence, Rhode Island, and 801 employees in Adelaide, Australia. In both samples, 40.6% of respondents had not yet begun to take action (not thinking about starting to exercise or thinking about it but not doing it), while 59.4% were at some phase of action (exercising some, starting to exercise regularly, exercising regularly). Scores on self-efficacy items and cost-and-benefit items significantly differentiated employees at extreme stages. In contrast with those who exercised regularly, employees who had not yet begun to exercise had little confidence in their ability to exercise and saw exercising as having nearly as many costs as it had benefits. There is the potential to enhance the impact of exercise interventions by targeting them so as to address factors related to these different stages of readiness to exercise.
Does Trait Emotional Intelligence Predict Unique Variance in Early Career Success Beyond IQ and Personality?

In order to determine the contribution of emotional intelligence (EI) to career success, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between trait EI (TEI), general mental ability (GMA), the big five personality traits, and career success indicators, in a sample of 130 graduates who were in the early stages of their careers. Results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that TEI, and especially its dimension “repair,” has incremental validity in predicting one of the career success indicators (salary) after controlling for GMA and personality. These findings provide support for the use of TEI measures as predictors of career success in the early stage.
Bax is downregulated in inflamed colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS One form of epithelial cell injury in inflamed colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis (UC) is reported to involve apoptosis of these cells. Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bcl-2 are the major regulators of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of the Bax/Bcl-2 system in induction of apoptosis of the inflamed colonic epithelium in UC. METHODS Colonic epithelium was isolated from colonic biopsy specimens. Expression of CD95, Bax, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 proteins was determined by western blotting. Bax gene expression was assessed by both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by Southern hybridisation and a real time PCR assay. RESULTS Equal levels of expression of CD95, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 proteins were noted in normal and UC colonic epithelia. Equal levels of expression of Bax protein and mRNA were noted in epithelia of normal colon and inactive UC. Levels of expression of Bax protein and mRNA were markedly reduced in inflamed UC colonic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed for the first time downregulation of Bax in inflamed colonic epithelium of UC. The Bax/Bcl-2 system did not seem to be involved in induction of apoptosis of epithelial cells in the inflamed colonic mucosa of UC.
Influence of production system on the rate of onset of Campylobacter colonization in chicken flocks reared extensively in the United Kingdom

1. Because thermophilic Campylobacter spp. are common in chicken flocks reared extensively, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were carried out on organic and free-range farms to determine the onset of colonisation (lag phase) and likely sources of flock infection. 2. For 14 organic and 14 free range flocks, there was a difference in lag phases, with the former being colonized at a mean of 14·1 d in comparison with 31·6 d for the latter. Whereas most free-range flocks became colonized when released on to pasture, those reared organically were usually colonized at the housed brooding stage. 3. Further study of organic flocks on three farms over 7 successive crop cycles confirmed that colonisation was strongly influenced by the prevailing husbandry conditions and was not a consequence of the length of the rearing period. 4. Molecular epidemiological investigations on a farm showing the shortest lag phase, using PFGE typing with two different restriction enzymes (SmaI and KpnI) and flaA SVR sequence typing, revealed that potential sources of colonisation for organic chickens were already present on the farm at the time of chick placement. Such sources included the ante area of the brooding house, surrounding pasture and other livestock being kept on the farm. 5. Overall, the study demonstrated that, under UK conditions, the prevalence of colonisation was greater in extensive flocks (95–100%) than it was for conventional broilers (55%), similar to the situation in other countries, but all three management systems showed comparable levels of caecal carriage in positive birds (log10/g 6·2–6·7).
Determinants of the Higher Order Association of the Restriction Factor TRIM5α and Other Tripartite Motif (TRIM) Proteins*

Many tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins self-associate, forming dimers and higher order complexes. For example, dimers of TRIM5α, a host factor that restricts retrovirus infection, assemble into higher order arrays on the surface of the viral capsid, resulting in an increase in avidity. Here we show that the higher order association of different TRIM proteins exhibits a wide range of efficiencies. Homologous association (self-association) was more efficient than the heterologous association of different TRIM proteins, indicating that specificity determinants of higher order self-association exist. To investigate the structural determinants of higher order self-association, we studied TRIM mutants and chimeras. These studies revealed the following: 1) the RING domain contributes to the efficiency of higher order self-association, which enhances the binding of TRIM5α to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) capsid; 2) the RING and B-box 2 domains work together as a homologous unit to promote higher order association of dimers; 3) dimerization is probably required for efficient higher order self-association; 4) the Linker 2 region contributes to higher order self-association, independently of effects of Linker 2 changes on TRIM dimerization; and 5) for efficiently self-associating TRIM proteins, the B30.2(SPRY) domain is not required for higher order self-association. These results support a model in which both ends of the core TRIM dimer (RING-B-box 2 at one end and Linker 2 at the other) contribute to the formation of higher order arrays.
Adaptive Preferences and Capabilities: Some Preliminary Conceptual Explorations

The Capability Approach (CA) as developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, has in part been a response to the problem of adaptive preferences. Their argument says that people might adapt to certain unfavorable circumstances and any self-evaluation in terms of satisfaction or happiness will in this case necessarily be distorted. To evaluate people's well-being in terms of functionings and capabilities guarantees a more objective picture of people's life. Next to this strong criticism on subjective measurements of well-being, we observe an increasing interest in Subjective Well-Being (SWB) or Happiness studies that are included in the broader field of Hedonic Psychology. In this paper, we thus revise the original critique of adaptive preferences and compare it with a more detailed analysis of adaptation as it is presented in hedonic psychology. It becomes clear that adaptation can be a positive as well as a negative phenomenon and that the adaptive preference critique had a particular narrow view on adaptation. However, this does not mean SWB-research is not any longer susceptible to this critique. An alternative way to assess people's subjective well-being, but which could be considered to be more in line with the CA, is proposed by Daniel Kahneman's Objective Happiness. These are all relatively new considerations, especially in economics. Therefore much more research needs to be done on the positive and negative aspects of adaptation to understand its consequences on well-being – especially when evaluated within the capability-space.
Analyzing the effects of group members’ characteristics: A guide to the group actor–partner interdependence model

Members enter groups with different characteristics, for example, gender and ethnicity, and the Group Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (GAPIM) systematically tests several different effects of group composition for a given characteristic. By finding submodels of these effects, the GAPIM allows for empirically testing many theoretically meaningful models of differences within groups. Among the models that can be tested are models of diversity, relational demography, group norms, and contrast. This paper describes the four different steps of a GAPIM analysis and illustrates its application with two datasets. The first is an experimental dataset where gender composition is manipulated by presenting individuals with pictures of group members with whom they presumably would interact. The second dataset is a national sample of churchgoers who are members of different congregations, in which the effects of both a categorical and a continuous composition variable on a member-level outcome are assessed. SPSS and R syntax used for running the GAPIM is provided for each of these examples.
Magnetar giant flares and afterglows as relativistic magnetized explosions

We propose that giant flares on soft γ-ray repeaters produce relativistic, strongly magnetized, weakly baryon-loaded magnetic clouds, somewhat analogous to solar coronal mass ejection (CME) events. The flares are driven by unwinding of the internal non-potential magnetic field which leads to a slow build-up of magnetic energy outside of the neutron star. For large magnetospheric currents, corresponding to a large twist of the external magnetic field, the magnetosphere becomes dynamically unstable on the Alfven crossing time-scale of the inner magnetosphere, t A ∼ R N S/C ∼ 30 μs. The dynamic instability leads to the formation of dissipative current sheets through the development of a tearing mode. The released magnetic energy results in the formation of a strongly magnetized, pair-loaded, quasi-spherically expanding flux rope, topologically connected by the magnetic field to the neutron star during the prompt flare emission. The expansion reaches large Lorentz factors, r ∼ 10-20, at distances r ∼ 1-2 x 10 7 cm, where a leptophotonic load is lost. Beyond this radius plasma is strongly dominated by the magnetic field, though some baryon loading, with M <<E/c 2 , by ablated neutron star material may occur. Magnetic stresses of the tied flux rope lead to a late collimation of the expansion, on time-scales longer than the giant flare duration. Relativistic bulk motion of the expanding magnetic cloud, directed at an angle 0 ∼ 135° to the line of sight (away from the observer), results in a strongly non-spherical forward shock with observed non-relativistic apparent expansion and bulk motion velocities β app ∼ cot 0/2 ∼ 0.4 at times of the first radio observations, approximately one week after the burst. An interaction with a shell of wind-shocked interstellar medium (ISM) and then with the unshocked ISM leads to a deceleration, to non-relativistic velocities approximately one month after the flare.
Weak Epistasis Generally Stabilizes Phenotypes in a Mouse Intercross

The extent and strength of epistasis is commonly unresolved in genetic studies, and observed epistasis is often difficult to interpret in terms of biological consequences or overall genetic architecture. We investigated the prevalence and consequences of epistasis by analyzing four body composition phenotypes—body weight, body fat percentage, femoral density, and femoral circumference—in a large F2 intercross of B6-lit/lit and C3.B6-lit/lit mice. We used Combined Analysis of Pleiotropy and Epistasis (CAPE) to examine interactions for the four phenotypes simultaneously, which revealed an extensive directed network of genetic loci interacting with each other, circulating IGF1, and sex to influence these phenotypes. The majority of epistatic interactions had small effects relative to additive effects of individual loci, and tended to stabilize phenotypes towards the mean of the population rather than extremes. Interactive effects of two alleles inherited from one parental strain commonly resulted in phenotypes closer to the population mean than the additive effects from the two loci, and often much closer to the mean than either single-locus model. Alternatively, combinations of alleles inherited from different parent strains contribute to more extreme phenotypes not observed in either parental strain. This class of phenotype-stabilizing interactions has effects that are close to additive and are thus difficult to detect except in very large intercrosses. Nevertheless, we found these interactions to be useful in generating hypotheses for functional relationships between genetic loci. Our findings suggest that while epistasis is often weak and unlikely to account for a large proportion of heritable variance, even small-effect genetic interactions can facilitate hypotheses of underlying biology in well-powered studies.
Deliberate practice in teacher education

Deliberate practice is increasingly recognised as necessary for professional development. This paper sets out to explore in what ways student teachers’ learning activities in a teacher education programme can be characterised as deliberate practice. Based on an in-depth exploration of 574 learning activities, our results highlight the different ways in which activities in teacher education programmes can be designed, the different motivations students have to engage in them repetitively, and different ways in which feedback can be organised, within contextual constraints posed by all professional environments. Results also indicate that self-improvement is not the only motivation for engaging in deliberate practice for student teachers, as pupil improvement is also considered important. These results support a context-specific operationalisation of deliberate practice and provide starting points for teacher education programmes to promote deliberate practice in their curriculum.
Effects of Practice Schedule on Wind Instrument Performance: A Preliminary Application of a Motor Learning Principle

The effects of three practice schedules on beginning instrumental achievement were explored. A total of 19 seventh-grade clarinet and saxophone students completed one 18-minute practice session using either a blocked schedule causing a low level of cognitive (contextual) interference, a hybrid schedule causing a moderate level of interference, or a serial schedule causing a high level of interference. No main effects were found at immediate acquisition testing or 24-hr delayed retention testing for technical accuracy, attitude toward practice, or musicality. A significant practice Condition × Trial interaction was found for musicality. The discussion examines the discrepancy between technical and musical achievement. Recommendations are given for future research applying motor learning principles to instrumental music contexts.
Cultural diversity and the imagined community of the global academy

Transnational academic mobility and the ongoing push towards “internationalization” together raise challenges for the cultural climate of today's universities. This paper explores these issues from the perspective of supervisors of research degrees in an Australian university in which “internationalization” and “academic mobility” apply to supervisors as much as to students. The concepts of the imagined community and cosmopolitanism are employed to interpret a series of one-on-one and group interviews conducted with international academic staff, conversations which reported surprisingly untroubled negotiation of cultural difference. Using the insights provided by the concepts of “imagined community” and “cosmopolitanism”, we investigate the mechanisms mobilized by these supervisors in apparently backgrounding cultural diversity in the workplace, and consider the implications of the academic subjectivities they perform.
Novel camptothecin derivative BNP1350 in experimental human ovarian cancer: Determination of efficacy and possible mechanisms of resistance

The novel camptothecin derivative BNP1350 (7‐[2‐trimethylsilyl)ethyl]‐20(S)‐camptothecin), also known as Karenitecin, has been developed for superior oral bioavailability and increased lactone stability. In our study, we describe the antiproliferative effects of BNP1350, SN‐38 and topotecan in 4 human ovarian cancer cell lines. BNP1350 was found to be slightly more potent than SN‐38 (p<0.01) and was considerably more potent than topotecan (p<0.01). We extended these studies to well‐established human ovarian cancer xenografts in which we compared the growth inhibition induced by BNP1350 with that of topotecan given in equitoxic schedules. The growth inhibition in all 3 xenografts induced by BNP1350 was ≥75%, which was significantly better than that resulting from topotecan (p<0.05). We then selected BNP1350‐resistant variants of the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line, 2780K4 (resistance factor: 41) and 2780K32 (resistance factor: 90), to analyze possible resistance mechanisms. These variants exhibited cross‐resistance against all camptothecins tested. In comparison with 2780K4 cells, 2780K32 cells were relatively more resistant against SN‐38, topotecan, DX‐8951f and BNP1350. In addition, 2780K32 cells were highly cross‐resistant against mitoxantrone. In both 2780K4 and 2780K32, the amount of topoisomerase I was not changed but the catalytic activity was reduced. Furthermore, 2780K32 cells clearly overexpressed the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), as demonstrated for both the gene and the protein. In contrast to topotecan, BNP1350 proved not to be a good substrate for BCRP. Overall, we conclude that BNP1350 offers advantages over topotecan expressed by high efficacy in experimental human ovarian cancer and poor affinity for BCRP. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The space blanket and shivering during extradural analgesia in labour

The incidence of shivering in women during epidural analgesia in labour is up to 33%, and may be highly distressing. Its mechanism is unclear, but the most widely held theory is that it is thermogenic. Pharmacological suppression may adversely effect the foetus or induce maternal hypothermia, and although physical remedies such as direct heat application are effective, they are also expensive and cumbersome. We recently found that the space blanket, a simple aluminised metallic foil, used pre‐emptively, reduces shivering after general anaesthesia. We investigated the effect of the space blanket on the incidence and intensity of shivering, axilliary skin temperature, and subjective perception of cold during epidural analgesia for labour in 50 women over a four‐hour time frame. Patients were randomised into group 1, who were wrapped in a space blanket immediately after commencement of epidural analgesia with bupivacaine, and group 2 (matched controls). Shivering was defined as visible tremor of the head, neck, trunk or limbs as observed by the attending midwives. Twenty‐nine percent of group 1 and 35% of group 2 shivered (not significant), but a reduction in shivering intensity was observed in group 1 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in skin temperatures in either group, and no significant temperature change within the groups. Both groups had similar thermal comfort scores throughout the study, which correlated poorly with the presence of shivering. We conclude that there is no benefit in application of the space blanket to reduce epidural‐analgesia related shivering in labour, which may indicate a non‐thermogenic mechanism for this phenomenon.
Social information as a cue for tacit coordination

Whereas earlier research on tacit coordination has mainly demonstrated how people use environmental information to achieve coordination success, the present research investigates how people tacitly coordinate their decisions by using information about the people they have to coordinate with (i.e., social information). We demonstrate that when people have to tacitly match their decisions, they focus on the characteristics they share with one another to achieve coordination success (Study 1). By contrast, when mismatching is required, people focus on interpersonal differences as a basis for coordination (Study 2). Moreover, we show that social information only facilitates coordination when there is a clear association between such information and the available choice options (Study 3). Finally, in matching situations, people prefer co-players who are similar to themselves, whereas, in mismatching situations, people prefer dissimilar co-players (Study 4). These results provide converging evidence that social information can serve as an effective cue for tacit coordination.