Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planning Information Processing and Sensing Actions

The goal of the CoSy project is to create cognitive robots to serve as a testbed of theories on how humans work [13], and to identify problems and techniques relevant to producing general-purpose humanlike domestic robots. Given the constraints on the resources available at the robot’s disposal and the complexity of the tasks that the robot has to execute during cognitive interactions with other agents or humans, it is essential that the robot perform just those tasks that are necessary for it to achieve its goal. In this paper we describe our attempts at creating such a system that enables a mobile robot to plan its information processing and sensing actions. We build on an existing planning framework, which is based on Continual Planning [3]. Continual planning combines planning, plan execution and plan monitoring. Unlike classical planning approaches, here it is not necessary to model all contingencies in advance – the agent acts as soon as it has a feasible plan, in an attempt to gather more information that would help resolve the uncertainty on the rest of the plan. We describe how the system addresses challenges such as state representation, conflict resolution and uncertainty. A few experimental results are provided to highlight both the advantages and disadvantages of the current approach, and to motivate directions of further research. All algorithms are implemented and tested in the playmate scenario.
Human equivalent antenna model for HF exposures: Analytical versus numerical approach

In this paper, the human exposure to HF radiation is analyzed using the simplified human equivalent antenna model featuring analytical and numerical approach, respectively. Namely, the human body is represented by an equivalent receiving straight thin wire antenna vertically located on the perfectly conducting (PEC) ground plane. This thin wire representation of the human body is based on the corresponding Pocklington integro-differential equation. The Pocklington equation is solved both numerically and analytically. The numerical solution is carried out using TWiNS code based on the Galerkin-Bubnov scheme of the indirect boundary element method. The excitation function is given in the form of the incident electric field. The obtained results are composed against King analytical results.
The Impact of Adult Deaths on Children's Health in Northwestern Tanzania

The AIDS epidemic is dramatically increasing mortality of adults in many Sub-Saharan African countries, with potentially severe consequences for surviving family members. Until now, most of these impacts had not been quantified. The authors examine the impact of adult mortality in Tanzania on three measures of health among children under five: morbidity, height for age, and weight for height. The children hit hardest by the death of a parent or other adult are those in the poorest households, those with uneducated parents, and those with the least access to health care. The authors also show how much three important health interventions-immunization against measles, and rehydration salts, and access to health care-can do to mitigate the impact of adult mortality. These programs disproportionately improve health outcomes among the poorest children and, within that group, among children affected by adult mortality. In Tanzania there is so much poverty, and child health indicators are so low that these interventions should be targeted as much as possible to the poorest households, where the children hit hardest by adult mortality are most likely to be found. (Conceivably, the targeting strategy for middle-income countries with severe AIDS epidemics, such as Thailand, or countries with less poverty and better child health indicators might be different.)
Investigating the Optimal Day for Nitrogen Fertilization on Piatã palisadegrass and Quênia guineagrass after Defoliation

Considering that nitrogen is the main macronutrient limiting pasture productivity, the aim of this study was to investigate the most appropriate day for nitrogen fertilization of the grasses Brachiaria brizantha BRS Piatã and Panicum maximum BRS Quênia. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the city of Rondonópolis, located in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, using a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of five nitrogen fertilization periods: 0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 days after defoliation. The dry mass of the leaf blade (DMLB), dry mass of stem + sheath (DMSS), dry mass of residue (DMRES) and root dry mass (RDM) were evaluated. The non-structural carbohydrate of the grass roots was also quantified. The later nitrogen fertilization after defoliation reduced DMLB (P< .01) and DMSS (P< .01) of the BRS Piatã palisadegrass, and DMRES of both grasses (P< .01). Higher levels of water soluble carbohydrates were observed when nitrogen fertilization was performed on grass cutting (day 0). Nitrogen fertilization of the BRS Piatã palisadegrass close the time of defoliation is recommended. For Quênia guineagrass, nitrogen can be applied between the cutting day and the eighth day after defoliation. For the root system, there is a higher content of water soluble carbohydrates in the BRS Piatã palisadegrass and greater accumulation of starch in the BRS Quênia guineagrass.
MD-2 is required for disulfide HMGB1–dependent TLR4 signaling

Yang et al. show that a disulfide isoform of HMGB1, with a role in TLR4 signaling, physically interacts with and binds MD-2. MD-2 deficiency in macrophage cell lines or in primary mouse macrophages stimulated with HMGB1 implicates MD-2 in TLR4 signaling. They also identify an HGMB1 peptide inhibitor, P5779, which when administered in vivo can protect mice from acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and sepsis.
Learning bundles of stimuli renders stimulus order as a cue, not a confound

Significance The effects of stimulus order on human cognition have been previously reported in various cognitive tasks, and the prevalent explanations have been that sensitivity to stimulus order is due to either constraints on cognitive resources (e.g., working memory) or misconceptions about probability axioms. Our work suggests a fundamentally different interpretation: Humans are sensitive to order because it serves as an important cue. This interpretation is philosophically consistent with the burgeoning literature on rational cognition, where human behavior has been shown to (at least approximately) match the statistically optimal solution of a task. We propose that redefining the role of stimulus order as a cue may provide a more general perspective for understanding human cognition. The order in which stimuli are presented in an experiment has long been recognized to influence behavior. Previous accounts have often attributed the effect of stimulus order to the mechanisms with which people process information. We propose that stimulus order influences cognition because it is an important cue for learning the underlying structure of a task environment. In particular, stimulus order can be used to infer a “stimulus bundle”—a sequence of consecutive stimuli that share the same underlying latent cluster. We describe a clustering model that successfully explains the perception of streak shooting in basketball games, along with two other cognitive phenomena, as the outcome of finding the statistically optimal bundle representation. We argue that the perspective of viewing stimulus order as a cue may hold the key to explaining behaviors that seemingly deviate from normative theories of cognition and that in task domains where the assumption of stimulus bundles is intuitively appropriate, it can improve the explanatory power of existing models.
Integrating security in inter-domain routing protocols

Network routing protocols work in a vulnerable environment. Unless protected by appropriate security measures, their operation can be easily subverted by intruders capable of modifying, deleting or adding false information in routing updates. This paper first analyses threats to the secure operation of inter-domain routing protocols, and then proposes various counter measures to make these protocols secure against external threats.
Optimal Shift-Reduce Constituent Parsing with Structured Perceptron

We present a constituent shift-reduce parser with a structured perceptron that finds the optimal parse in a practical runtime. The key ideas are new feature templates that facilitate state merging of dynamic programming and A* search. Our system achieves 91.1 F1 on a standard English experiment, a level which cannot be reached by other beam-based systems even with large beam sizes.1
How do recreational endurance runners warm-up and cool-down? A descriptive study on the use of continuous runs

ABSTRACT This study aimed at examining the presence of running-based exercises in the warm-up and cool-down routines for recreational endurance runners and to determine the training volume (i.e. time and distance) orientated to warm-up and cool-down. Recreational endurance runners filled a questionnaire through an online Google Docs, which consisted in 12 items referred to demographic information, athletic performance, training contents, warm-up and cool-down routines. Five level groups were determined according to their personal best in a 10-km trial. Out of 1419 athletes, 80.6% were men and 19.4% were women. On average, participants trained 4.1 ± 1.6 sessions per week, with a weekly mileage of 47.3 ± 17.5 km. The 70.5% of participants always included continuous runs (CR) as a warm-up, with an average duration of ~13 min, with longer duration in higher level groups. Regarding the cool-down routines, 45.7% of the participants always included CR as a cool-down, whereas 43.4% just after high-intensity sessions. On average, participants spend ~7 min for cooling-down, ~3 times per week, with greater volumes (in terms of duration and frequency) in higher level groups. In summary, these data indicate that an average endurance runner spends ~18% of his/her total training time per week warming-up or cooling-down.
Roles of Cytochrome P4502E1 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risks of Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Background Previous studies investigating the association between cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) polymorphisms and the risk of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) have yielded conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between CYP2E1 polymorphisms and the risks of ALD. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies. The fixed or random effect model was selected based on the heterogeneity test among studies. Publication bias was estimated using Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Results A total of 27 and 9 studies were finally included for the association between the CYP2E1 Pst I/Rsa I or Dra I polymorphisms and the risks of ALD, respectively. Overall, the combined results showed that homozygous genotype c2c2 was significantly associated with increase risk of ALD in worldwide populations (c2c2 vs. c1c1: OR = 3.12, 95%CI 1.91–5.11) when ALD patients were compared with alcoholics without ALD. Significant associations between CYP2E1 Pst I/Rsa I polymorphism and ALD risk were also observed in Asians (c2c2 vs. c1c1: OR = 4.11, 95%CI 2.32–7.29) and in Caucasians (c2c2/c1c2 vs. c1c1: OR = 1.58, 95%CI 1.04–2.42) when ALD patients were compared with alcoholics without ALD. However, subgroup analysis stratified by ALD types showed that CYP2E1 Pst I/Rsa I polymorphism was not significantly associated with the risks of alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC). No significant association was observed between CYP2E1 Dra I polymorphism and ALD risks. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that CYP2E1 Pst I/Rsa I polymorphism might be not significantly associated with advanced form of ALD (ALC), but might be significantly associated with other form of ALD such as steatosis, hepatisis, fibrosis. Furthermore, CYP2E1 Dra I polymorphism might be not significantly associated with the ALD risks. Since potential confounders could not be ruled out completely, further studies were needed to confirm these results.
Demographic and Per Capita Income Dynamics: A Convergence Study on Demographics, Human Capital, and Per Capita Income for the US States

This paper finds that age distribution, educational attainment, and government size converge across the US states at rates rather similar to the convergence rate for per capita income. The main part of the paper takes age distribution variables as exogenous in conditional convergence regressions. Using panel data, the estimated partial relation between age and the subsequent growth rate of per capita income is hump-shaped and of quantitative importance. This result is robust to conditioning on other variables and appear not only to reflect capital-dilution. Another result is that average years of schooling has a positive effect on growth only if age distribution is controlled for. These findings are consistent with an explanation that the age distribution reflects the growth effects of human capital accumulated through
Islamic jurisprudential and ethical considerations of practicing medical procedures on nearly dead patients: Part I (The theoretical section)

End-of-life care and protection of the patient in the near-death moments are part of a patient’s rights and the duties of the medical staff. As the beginning and end of human life are most sensitive moments, there are various religious rules associated with them. The ethical issues regarding practicing medical procedures on nearly dead patients are of particular complexity and are consistent with invaluable and profoundly religious recommendations. In addition, the purpose of medical training is to provide physicians with the knowledge and skills necessary to practice appropriately and within legal and ethical frameworks. Therefore, respecting patients’ cultural and religious beliefs is an ethically accepted principle in the health systems of different countries and is the basis of respect for human dignity. The present study used a qualitative content analysis to explain how to practice medical procedures on a dying or nearly dead patient in accordance with Islamic jurisprudential rules. It was finally concluded that according to the Islamic jurisprudential rules of “authority”, “no harm”, “necessity”, and “public interest”, procedures performed on a dying patient could be used for training purposes under certain circumstances. Nevertheless, such activities should only be done with the patient’s permission and provided they cause no unnecessary harassment, and they may take place in the absence of alternative methods.
The Agreement’s impact on political cooperation

ABSTRACT This article aims to examine the impact of the Agreement on political cooperation. It examines party political cooperation in Northern Ireland and also bilateral British–Irish intergovernmental cooperation. In the first section, the Agreement’s consociational system and its criticisms are outlined. In the second section, the effect of the Agreement on cooperation between the Northern Ireland political parties is assessed. In the third section, the impact on British–Irish East–West cooperation is assessed along with the effects of Brexit.
Rosuvastatin reduces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with α-interferon and ribavirin

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease develops in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C, but if present, NAFLD can reduce the virological response to anti-HCV therapies. Objectives We determined whether the addition of rosuvastatin to interferon and ribavirin improves the sustained virological response (SVR) and reduces steatosis. Patients and Methods This study was a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. Between January 2004 and December 2007, 65 patients with chronic hepatitis (27 women and 38 men, mean age 48 years) aged 32-63 years (median 46 years) were consecutively enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive leukocyte interferon alpha (3 MIU 3 times per week) plus ribavirin (1200 mg per day) for 12 months or interferon alpha and ribavirin at the same dosages plus rosuvastatin (5 mg per day). The primary endpoints were measurements in SVR, liver enzyme, cholesterol, triglyceride, CRP, glucose, and insulin levels; and Homa-IR, fibrosis, and steatosis scores. Results After 12 months of treatment, we observed a significant improvement in SVR in 51% of patients who received interferon plus ribavirin plus rosuvastatin compared with 18% of relapsers (OR 1.52; 95% CI = 0.41-5.64; RR 1.13). There were 23 responders (69%) and 10 nonresponders (30%) (OR 1.38; 95% CI = 0.49-16.5; RR 1.11). When comparing interferon plus ribavirin group vs interferon plus ribavirin and rosuvastatin group after 12 months, we observed a significant difference in AST (85.70 vs.106.5.00 IU/ml) (OR 1.2; 95% CI= 0.29-4.94; RR 1.04; p<0.001), ALT (81.80 vs. 126.2 IU/ml) (OR 1.2; 95% CI = 0.29-4.94; RR 1.04; p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (0.01 vs. 0.60 mmol/l) (OR 14; 95% CI = 3.98-49.16; p RR 2.96; < 0.001), triglycerides (0.17 vs. 0.2 mmol/l) (OR 20; 95% CI = 4.94-80.89; RR 5.38; p < 0.05), and Viremia (1.8 vs. 2.48 UI/ml, p < 0.05). Mean fibrosis score decreased 0.10 vs. 0.50 (OR 4.5; 95% CI = 0.89-22.66; RR 1.5; p < 0.05), and mean steatosis score declined 0.30 vs. 0.50 (OR 11.2; CI = 2.88-43.53; RR 2.75; p < 0.001). Conclusions In HCV patients with NAFLD, the addition of rosuvastatin to interferon and ribavirin significantly reduces viremia, steatosis, and fibrosis without causing side effects.
ONE-DIMENSIONAL ASYMPTOTIC CLASSES OF FINITE STRUCTURES

A collection C of finite L-structures is a 1-dimensional asymptotic class if for every m ∈ N and every formula φ(x, y), where y = (y 1 ,.,y m ): (i) There is a positive constant C and a finite set E C R >0 such that for every M ∈ C and a ∈ M m , either |φ(M, a)| < C, or for some μ, ∈ E, ||φ(M, a)|-μ|M|| ≤ C|M| 1 2 . (ii) For every μ ∈ E, there is an L-formula φ μ (y), such that φ μ (M m ) is precisely the set of a ∈ M m with ||φ(M, a)| - μ|M|| ≤ C|M| 1 2 . One-dimensional asymptotic classes are introduced and studied here. These classes come equipped with a notion of dimension that is intended to provide for the study of classes of finite structures a concept that is central in the development of model theory for infinite structures. Connections with the model theory of infinite structures are also drawn.
MIMICRY AND ME: THE IMPACT OF MIMICRY ON SELF-CONSTRUAL

Previous research has demonstrated that nonconscious interpersonal mimicry engenders liking, affiliation, empathy, and other positive social consequences. Some of these consequences have recently been shown to go beyond the dyad. In other words, interpersonal mimicry not only affects the way we feel toward our immediate interaction partner, but also affects our feelings and behavior toward other people in general. The goal of the present research is to understand why it is that nonconscious mimicry has consequences that go beyond the dyad. Specifically, it is hypothesized and found that being mimicked during social interaction shifts self–construals such that they become more interdependent and “other–oriented” (Study 1). Accordingly, interpersonal mimicry heightens one's perception of interpersonal closeness with nonspecified others (Study 2) and decreases one's physical proximity to others (Study 3). In a final experiment (Study 4), the impact of mimicry on self–construal is shown to mediate the positiv.
Adaptive Distributed Top-k Query Processing

ADiT is an adaptive approach for processing distributed top-$k$ queries over peer-to-peer networks optimizing both system load and query response time. This approach considers the size of the peer to peer network, the amount $k$ of searched objects, the network capabilities of a connected peer, i.e. the transmission rate, the amount of objects stored on each peer, and the speed of a peer in processing a local top-$k$ query. In extensive experiments with a variety of scenarios we could show that ADiT outperforms state of the art distributed query processing techniques.
Klotho Suppresses Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Mice with Stress-Induced Cardiac Injury via Downregulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a common pathological alteration in heart disease which results in systolic dysfunction or sudden death. Klotho is a novel anti-aging hormone. We tested the effects of klotho on cell apoptosis in isoproterenol-treated cardiomyocytes. In BALB/c mice, cardiac injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (5mg/kg, for 9days, sc). Klotho (0.01 mg/kg, every other day for 4days, ip) was administered to determine the changes in isoproterenol-induced apoptosis. Mouse heart was harvested at day 2, day 5, and day 9 after isoproterenol injection. Isoproterenol induced cardiac apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a time-dependent manner. However, klotho partly reversed isoproterenol-induced cardiac apoptosis and ER stress. These same effects were observed in cultured cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the results also showed that SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, and SP600125, a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ER stress, however, klotho suppressed isoproterenol-induced activation of p38 and JNK. Taken together, these results indicated that cardioprotection by klotho was related to the attenuation of ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis, at least partly, through suppressing activation of the p38 and JNK pathway.
Salicylic Acid Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Gentamicin (GM) is a widely used antibiotic against serious and life-threatening infections, but its usefulness is limited by the development of nephrotoxicity. The present study was designed to determine the protective effect of salicylic acid (SA) in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Quantitative evaluation of gentamicin-induced structural alterations and degree of functional alterations in the kidneys were performed by histopathological and biochemical analyses in order to determine potential beneficial effects of SA coadministration with gentamicin. Gentamicin was observed to cause a severe nephrotoxicity which was evidenced by an elevation of serum urea and creatinine levels. The significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and protein carbonyl groups indicated that GM-induced tissue injury was mediated through oxidative reactions. On the other hand, simultaneous SA administration protected kidney tissue against the oxidative damage and the nephrotoxic effect caused by GM treatment. Exposure to GM caused necrosis of tubular epithelial cells. Necrosis of tubules was found to be prevented by SA pretreatment. The results from our study indicate that SA supplement attenuates oxidative-stress associated renal injury by reducing oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation in gentamicin-treated rats.