Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-grade Sarcomatous Overgrowth in Solitary Fibrous Tumors: A Clinicopathologic Study of 10 Cases

We describe 10 solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) with high-grade malignant overgrowth, all of which showed the presence of a synchronous or previous classic SFT/malignant SFT (MSFT) component. Seven were “dedifferentiated,” with an abrupt transition from a classic SFT/MSFT to a high-grade component consisting of a nondistinctive high-grade sarcoma in 4 cases and divergent differentiation in 3. The nondistinctive high-grade component consisted of epithelioid and/or spindle cells often associated with overt pleomorphism or small round cell sarcomas. The divergent differentiation featured a rhabdomyosarcoma in 2 cases and an osteosarcoma in 1. Three cases (tentatively called “evolved”) showed a gradual transition from classic SFT/MSFT to a nondistinctive high-grade sarcoma or presented features of high-grade sarcoma at the time of metastasis (assessed by fine-needle aspiration cytology) without any component suggesting a diagnosis of classic SFT/MSFT. The high-grade component showed loss of CD34 expression in half of the dedifferentiated SFTs and all of the dedifferentiated SFTs with divergent differentiation, whereas Ki-67 was markedly increased in all of the evaluable cases and paralleled the tumor grade. In 4 cases, the expression and phosphorylation status of key factors that control transcription and protein synthesis were also investigated. Both S6 and 4E-BP1 showed low activation in the low-grade MSFT and a high level of activation in the high-grade component. Seven of the 10 patients died of their disease during follow-up, with a median overall survival of 73 months (range, 5 to 288 mo). The median time to distant metastasis was 156 months after the initial diagnosis, and median overall survival from the first signs of metastasis was 8 months.
An important role for B-cell activation factor and B cells in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome

Purpose of reviewThis review provides an update on the specific, strong association between dysregulated production of the cytokine B-cell activation factor and Sjögren's syndrome, and offers new perspectives on potential pathogenic mechanisms. Recent findingsExcess B-cell activation factor in mice triggers Sjögren's syndrome-like symptoms, and elevated serum B-cell activation factor in humans correlates with Sjögren's syndrome. B-cell activation factor is produced locally by activated monocytes, T cells and dendritic cells, and by epithelial cells and infiltrating B cells. Moreover, recent data in humans suggest that the innate immune system plays a role as an initiator of immune disorders in inflamed tissues. SummaryRecent data have demonstrated the critical role of B-cell activation factor and B cells in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome, and its association with B lymphomas. Moreover, B-cell depleting treatments have confirmed the critical role of B cells in Sjögren's syndrome. Excess B-cell activation factor possibly corrupts B-cell tolerance and allows the emergence of self-reactive B cells that efficiently present antigen to T cells. In addition, B-cell activation factor may stimulate T-cell independent activation of B cells via Toll-like receptors; this recently identified mechanism could also play a separate, detrimental role in autoimmunity.
A complexity reduction scheme with adaptive search direction and mode elimination for multiview video coding

A novel complexity reduction scheme for Multiview Video Coding (MVC) is presented that adaptively eliminates the less-probable Motion or Disparity Estimation (ME, DE) search directions and less-probable block coding modes. Based on their texture difference w.r. t. the current Macroblock, matching neighbors in the 3D-neighborhood (spatial, temporal, view domains) are identified. Our scheme employs a multi-level decision process to predict the more-probable ME/DE search direction based on the texture and (motion/disparity) activity classification of the matching neighbors. For a predicted search direction, more-probable block coding modes are predicted depending upon the texture classification and RD-Cost of the current Macroblock. Quantization Parameter based thresholds are formulated using an offline statistical analysis of texture, motion/disparity, and RD-Cost properties. Our scheme achieves a complexity reduction of up to 81% and 40% compared to the exhaustive Rate-Distortion-Optimized Mode Decision and state-of-the-art, respectively, at the cost of an average BD-PSNR loss of 0.03 dB.
Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy in Zebrafish Caused by Aldh7a1 Deficiency

Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a severe neonatal seizure disorder and is here modeled in aldh7a1 -/- zebrafish. Mutant larvae display spontaneous. Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare disease characterized by mutations in the lysine degradation gene ALDH7A1 leading to recurrent neonatal seizures, which are uniquely alleviated by high doses of pyridoxine or pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (vitamin B6 vitamers). Despite treatment, neurodevelopmental disabilities are still observed in most PDE patients underlining the need for adjunct therapies. Over 60 years after the initial description of PDE, we report the first animal model for this disease: an aldh7a1-null zebrafish (Danio rerio) displaying deficient lysine metabolism and spontaneous and recurrent seizures in the larval stage (10 days postfertilization). Epileptiform electrographic activity was observed uniquely in mutants as a series of population bursts in tectal recordings. Remarkably, as is the case in human PDE, the seizures show an almost immediate sensitivity to pyridoxine and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, with a resulting extension of the life span. Lysine supplementation aggravates the phenotype, inducing earlier seizure onset and death. By using mass spectrometry techniques, we further explored the metabolic effect of aldh7a1 knockout. Impaired lysine degradation with accumulation of PDE biomarkers, B6 deficiency, and low γ-aminobutyric acid levels were observed in the aldh7a1−/− larvae, which may play a significant role in the seizure phenotype and PDE pathogenesis. This novel model provides valuable insights into PDE pathophysiology; further research may offer new opportunities for drug discovery to control seizure activity and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for PDE.
A Study of the Way Music Therapists Analyse Their Work

At present there is no standardised procedure for music therapy assessment in the UK. Music therapists use a wide variety of methods to review their clients' progress. This paper begins by examining some of these different procedures and looking at their advantages and disadvantages. A particular system of analysis developed by the author is then explained in detail. Information about four different clients with severe learning difficulties from this analysis is compared to information gained simultaneously through video-analysis. The results seem to indicate that the author's assessment procedure is an efficient way of collecting information about music therapy sessions with these clients. The paper then looks at whether this same procedure can be used with other types of clients. Suggestions for further investigations are made.
Stiffness and impaired blood flow in lower-leg arteries are associated with severity of coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE To clarify whether stiffness and impaired blood flow in lower-leg arteries are associated with severity of coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We enrolled 102 asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with no history of cardiovascular complications consecutively admitted to our hospital. Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, as a marker of coronary artery calcification, was obtained using electron-beam computed tomography. Total flow volume and resistive index, as an index of vascular resistance, at the popliteal artery were evaluated using gated two-dimensional cine-mode phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (PWV), as an index of distensibility in the lower-extremity arteries, was also measured using an automatic device. RESULTS When the patients were grouped according to CAC scores of 0-10 (n = 54), 11-100 (n = 25), and > 100 (n = 23), those with the highest scores, which is considered to show possible coronary artery disease, showed the highest brachial-ankle PWV (P < 0.001) and resistive index (P < 0.001) and the lowest total flow volume (P < 0.001) among the groups. Simple linear regression analyses showed that both brachial-ankle PWV (r = 0.508, P < 0.001) and resistive index (r = 0.500, P < 0.001) were positively correlated and total flow volume (r = -0.528, P < 0.001) was negatively correlated with the log-transformed CAC score. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses indicated that 1,800 cm/s for brachial-ankle PWV, 1.03 for resistive index, and 70 ml/min for total flow volume were diagnostic values for identifying patients with the highest scores. CONCLUSIONS Quantitatively assessed stiffness and impaired blood flow in lower-leg arteries may help identify diabetic patients with possible coronary artery disease.
The Theory and Performance of NovAtel Inc.'s Vision Correlator

This paper provides an overview of the general principles and early performance results of the Vision Correlator. The Vision Correlator is a new method of measuring and processing the synchronization signals of a received PRN code. It is a significantly different process than any of the various correlation methods used in GNSS receivers today. It works by precisely measuring the received Radio Frequency (RF) characteristics in the time domain of the phase transitions of the modulated signal broadcast from the satellite. It is particularly useful in detecting and removing close-in multipath. Simulation results show that the Vision Correlator can remove the effects of a multipath signal on the code and carrier measurements when the delay of the multipath signal is less than 10m from the line of sight signal, and mitigate their effect to a fraction of a meter (code). It also provides a very useful statistic that can be used for Signal Quality Monitoring of the received signal. This statistic can be used to filter data that is unrepairable.
On the Nature of the Compact Dark Mass at the Galactic Center

We consider a model in which Sgr A*, the 3.7 × 106 M☉ supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic center, is a compact object with a thermally emitting surface. For very compact surfaces within the photon orbit, the thermal assumption is likely to be a good approximation because of the large number of rays that are strongly gravitationally lensed back onto the surface. Given the very low quiescent luminosity of Sgr A* in the near-infrared, the existence of a hard surface, even in the limit in which the radius approaches the horizon, places a severe constraint on the steady mass accretion rate onto the source: ≲ 10-12 M☉ yr-1. This limit is well below the minimum accretion rate needed to power the observed submillimeter luminosity of Sgr A*: > 10-10 M☉ yr-1. We thus argue that Sgr A* does not have a surface, i.e., that it must have an event horizon. The argument could be made more restrictive by an order of magnitude with microarcsecond resolution imaging, e.g., with submillimeter very long baseline interferometry.
Review of Quench Performance of LHC Main Superconducting Magnets

The regular lattice of the large Hadron collider (LHC) will make use of more than 1600 main magnets and about 7600 corrector magnets, all superconducting and working in pressurized superfluid helium bath. This complex magnet system will fill more than 20 km of the LHC underground tunnel. In this paper an overview of the cold test program and quality assurance plan to qualify all LHC superconducting magnets will be presented. The quench training performance of more than 1100 LHC main dipoles and about 300 main quadrupoles, cold tested to date, will be reviewed. From these results an estimate of the number of quenches that will be required to start operation of the whole machine at nominal energy will be discussed. The energy level at which the machine could be operated at the early phase of the commissioning without being disturbed by training quenches will be addressed. The LHC magnet program required the development of many new tools and techniques for the testing of superconducting magnet coils, magnet protection systems, cryogenics, and instrumentation. This paper will also present a summary of this development work and the results achieved.
Multifocal Demyelinating Leukoencephalopathy Induced by Levamisole Therapy

The neurotoxic effects of levamisole therapy have been rarely reported. In this article, we report two patients who developed multifocal demyelinating leukoencephalopathy (MDL) after levamisole treatment. Clinically, they had dizziness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, mental dullness, speechlessness, and memory impairment after the treatment. The total dosage of levamisole was 300 mg and 1800 mg, respectively. The onset of symptoms was acute or subacute, from a few hours to several weeks. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated diffuse multifocal enhancing lesions in the subcortical white matter. After the withdrawal of levamisole, and during the follow-up period, the neurological and neuropsychological manifestations and serial brain MRI improved gradually. We conclude that levamisole treatment may induce MDL, and that the brain MRI changes may correlate well with the recovery of clinical features and neuropsychological findings. In addition, early steroid treatment is crucial, and the neurotoxic effect of levamisole is not dose-dependent and may be idiosyncratic or immune-mediated. (Chang Gung Med J 2006;29(4 Suppl):90-6)
Sizing up visualizations: effects of display size in focus+context, overview+detail, and zooming interfaces

Whereas the literature is clear on the benefits of large displays and visualizations, little is known about their combination, that is, how display size affect the usability of visualizations. We describe a controlled experiment where 19 participants used focus+context, overview+detail, and zooming techniques with varying display sizes (13.8, 1.5, and 0.17 megapixels). Participants navigated geographical maps to find specific locations, compare items, and follow routes. Results show that for multi-scale navigation, classic interactive visualization techniques did not benefit from being scaled to a large display: In contrast to the literature we find similar performance on medium and large displays. Across display sizes, overview+detail works the best, in particular for comparing items. Focus+context is relatively more difficult to use at a small display size. We explain these findings and discuss the design of interactive visualization techniques for large displays.
[N′-(3,5-Diiodo-2-oxidobenzylidene-κO)-4-methylbenzohydrazidato-κ2 N′,O](methanol-κO)(methanolato-κO)oxidovanadium(V)

In the title molecule, [V(C15H10I2N2O2)(CH3O)O(CH3OH)], the VV atom is coordinated by one N and two O atoms from an N′-(3,5-diiodo-2-oxidobenzylidene-κO)-4-methylbenzohydrazidate (L) ligand, one oxide O atom, one methanolate [V—O = 1.761 (3) Å] and one methanol [V—O = 2.383 (4) Å] O atom in a distorted octahedral geometry. In the L ligand, the two benzene rings are nearly parallel, forming a dihedral angle of 2.0 (1)°. In the crystal, intermolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link pairs of molecules into centrosymmetric dimers which exhibit π–π interactions between the aromatic rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.677 (5) Å].
Experimental Psychology

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Insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and platelet-derived growth factor interact additively in the induction of the protooncogene c-myc and cellular proliferation in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.

Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth is under the influence of various growth factors. We demonstrate that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates DNA synthesis of cultured bovine aortic SMCs by 2.5- to 3.5-fold. PDGF also exhibits additivity with insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. Insulin (2 x 10(-6) M), IGF-I (1 x 10(-8) M), and PDGF (1 x 10(-9) M) cause a 60-80% increase in cell numbers over basal, but PDGF with insulin or IGF causes a 40-150% increase over basal. No additivity between insulin and IGF-I is evident. PDGF also induces commitment to DNA synthesis earlier than insulin or IGF-I. After exposure to PDGF for 4 h, SMCs incorporate 3H-thymidine to 60% of maximum (with PDGF alone) levels (achieved after exposure of 12 h or longer). Insulin and IGF-I exposure for 4 h, on the other hand, achieves 3H-thymidine incorporation that is only a 20-30% of maximum (with insulin or IGF-I alone). Insulin, IGF-I, and PDGF increase mRNA levels of the protooncogene c-myc. This induction begins within 30 min of exposure to these growth factors which causes a 4- to 6-fold increase in c-myc mRNA levels. Additivity is also observed between PDGF with insulin or IGF-I, but not between insulin or IGF-I, in c-myc induction. C-myc mRNA levels remain elevated as long as the hormones are present, although there's a tendency for the mRNA levels to fall off with insulin and IGF-I. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biogenesis of bacterial membrane vesicles

Membrane vesicle (MV) release remains undefined, despite its conservation among replicating Gram‐negative bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Proteins identified in Salmonella MVs, derived from the envelope, control MV production via specific defined domains that promote outer membrane protein–peptidoglycan (OM–PG) and OM protein–inner membrane protein (OM–PG–IM) interactions within the envelope structure. Modulation of OM–PG and OM–PG–IM interactions along the cell body and at division septa, respectively, maintains membrane integrity while co‐ordinating localized release of MVs with distinct size distribution and protein content. These data support a model of MV biogenesis, wherein bacterial growth and division invoke temporary, localized reductions in the density of OM–PG and OM–PG–IM associations within the envelope structure, thus releasing OM as MVs.
Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Predicts Hematoma Growth and Clinical Outcome After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose— Lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels have been associated with increased risk of death after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Nevertheless, their link with hematoma growth (HG) is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between LDL-C levels, HG, and clinical outcome in patients with acute ICH. Methods— We prospectively studied 108 consecutive patients with primary supratentorial ICH presenting within 6 hours from symptoms onset. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and ICH volume on computed tomography scan were recorded at baseline and at 24 hours. Lipid profile was obtained during the first 24 hours. Significant HG was defined as hematoma enlargement >33% or >6 mL at 24 hours. Early neurological deterioration as well as mortality and poor long-term outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2) at 3 months were recorded. Results— Although LDL-C levels were not correlated with ICH volume (r=−0.18; P=0.078) or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (r=−0.17; P=0.091) at baseline, lower LDL-C levels were associated with HG (98.1±33.7 mg/dL versus 117.3±25.8 mg/dL; P=0.003), early neurological deterioration (89.2±31.8 mg/dL versus 112.4±29.8 mg/dL; P=0.012), and 3-month mortality (94.9±37.4 mg/dL versus 112.5±28.5 mg/dL; P=0.029), but not with poor long-term outcome (109.5±31.3 mg/dL versus 108.3±30.5 mg/dL; P=0.875). Moreover, LDL-C levels were inversely related to the amount of hematoma enlargement at 24 hours (r=−0.31; P=0.004). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, LDL-C level <95 mg/dL emerged as an independent predictor of HG (OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.26–14.24; P=0.020), early neurological deterioration (OR, 8.27; 95% CI, 1.66–41.16; P=0.010), and 3-month mortality (OR, 6.34; 95% CI, 1.29–31.3; P=0.023). Conclusions— Lower serum LDL-C level independently predicts HG, early neurological deterioration, and 3-month mortality after acute ICH.
Laminar differences in gamma and alpha coherence in the ventral stream

Attention to a stimulus enhances both neuronal responses and gamma frequency synchrony in visual area V4, both of which should increase the impact of attended information on downstream neurons. To determine whether gamma synchrony is common throughout the ventral stream, we recorded from neurons in the superficial and deep layers of V1, V2, and V4 in two rhesus monkeys. We found an unexpected striking difference in gamma synchrony in the superficial vs. deep layers. In all three areas, spike-field coherence in the gamma (40–60 Hz) frequency range was largely confined to the superficial layers, whereas the deep layers showed maximal coherence at low frequencies (6–16 Hz), which included the alpha range. In the superficial layers of V2 and V4, gamma synchrony was enhanced by attention, whereas in the deep layers, alpha synchrony was reduced by attention. Unlike these major differences in synchrony, attentional effects on firing rates and noise correlation did not differ substantially between the superficial and deep layers. The results suggest that synchrony plays very different roles in feedback and feedforward projections.
Dynamic signature recognition based on velocity changes of some features

Dynamic signature analysis allows us to register individuals and their hidden human behaviour. This paper presents a stroke-based approach to dynamic analysis of signature. Individual features can be identified by finding the discrete signature points like x,y-coordinates, pressure, time and pen velocity. Between signatures, the correlation measure is determined. The dynamic features are extracted from authentic and forged signatures. Experimental results show that measurement of dynamic features (velocity changes) contains important information and offers a high level of accuracy for signature verification in comparison with the results without such measurements, which will be explained in the following parts of the paper.
Older People in Deprived Neighbourhoods: Social Exclusion and Quality of Life in Old Age

The focus on older people in deprived neighbourhoods is closely tied to contemporary public policy concerns. In recent years, such neighbourhoods have been subject to considerable social policy intervention, linked to attempts to reduce the geographical divide between Britain's most deprived areas and the 'mainstream of society'. In this respect, the research sought to examine the degree to which residence in an area of concentrated poverty might compound the impact on older people of other forms of social exclusion, and lead to a diminished quality of life. The research was undertaken in the three most deprived electoral wards in Liverpool, Manchester and the London Borough of Newham. Data collection consisted of a survey of 600 people aged 60 and over in the three cities, and semi-structured interviews with 130 people in the same age group.