Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of physical wellness among medical students of public and private medical colleges in Pakistan

Objectives: To determine adherence to dimensions of physical wellness among medical students of public and private medical colleges in Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from January to July 2011 among 820 students of private and public medical colleges in Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Overall, medical students scored low in dimensions of physical wellness. Private medical colleges students were fond of vigorous activities such as aerobics and swimming, whereas public medical colleges students were involved in moderate intensity activities such as walking and use of stairs (p<0.0001). Private students reported to consume more fast food (p=0.0001), had less sleep (p=0.0001), but attended regular annual medical checkups (p=0.009) as compared with their public institute counterparts. Safe practices such as avoidance of tobacco were almost the same. Conclusion: Comprehensive adherence to all dimensions of physical wellness was lacking among medical students.
Boundary Interaction Between Service Organizations and Their Publics: A Study of Teacher-Parent Relationships

A scattered literature suggests that interaction between service organizations and their publics will diminish with (a) the pervasiveness of administrative controls, and (b) the solidarity of the employees. We also expected that the organizational characteristics that minimize boundary interaction will promote disputes when contact does occur. Using information pertaining to 40 schools in a regression analysis, we found that the rate of interaction between teachers and parents declined with formalization, centralization, solidarity of teacher organizations, and teacher's formal training; but, contrary to the hypothesis, interaction increased with staff seniority. These five variables accounted for one-third of the variance. Teacher-parent disputes increased with formalization and training and declined with staff seniority. There were also some indications that interaction increased, and disputes declined with organization size. Interpretations are offered. Over a decade ago Bidwell and Vreeland observed that relations between clients and client-serving organizations were largely unexplored. In recent years this topic has excited more interest (see Katz and Danet; Rosengren). Still, this realm of inquiry remains largely uncharted' although the social distance between service organizations and the public is of special significance in modern societies. Incompatibilities between families and service bureaucracies require that they be insulated from one another (Dreeben; Thompson, b). 2 But too much autonomy interferes with social integration and the society's capacity to adapt responsively to social change (Blau, d). Since service organizations must share responsibility for clients with their families, some communication is obviously necessary (Litwak and Meyer). 3 This paper reports an exploratory analysis of selected organizational characteristics of schools that are likely to influence two dimensions of teacherparent interaction, the amount of face-to-face interaction and the frequency of disputes.4 Following Simmel we examine the frequency and form of interaction, as distinct from its content. Several writers have stressed the importance of such variables for a variety of reasons (Caplow, b; Etzioni, b; Homans). Although some of the literature to be cited refers to the behavior of individuals, we have tried to recast the propositions to apply to an organizational level of analysis. The responses of individuals have been aggregated where necessary. The school is the unit of analysis. *The authors gratefully acknowledge the statistical assistance provided by Wen L. Li in connection with a companion paper. We also appreciate the helpful suggestions made by John Seidler and by two anonymous reviewers who commented on an earlier draft.
Exploring students’ reflective thinking practice, deep processing strategies, effort, and achievement goal orientations

Recent research indicates that study processing strategies, effort, reflective thinking practice, and achievement goals are important factors contributing to the prediction of students’ academic success. Very few studies have combined these theoretical orientations within one conceptual model. This study tested a conceptual model that included, in particular, deep processing strategies, effort, mastery and performance‐approach goals, reflection, and critical thinking. We used causal modelling procedures to explore the direct and mediating effects of these theoretical orientations on students’ academic achievement and learning. Second‐ and third‐year undergraduates (n = 347; 151 women and 196 men) completed a number of inventories (e.g., the Reflective Thinking Questionnaire). LISREL 8.72 indicated an a posteriori model with direct effects of reflection and critical thinking on academic achievement and learning. Performance‐approach goals exerted a negative effect on academic achievement. Both mastery and performance‐approach goals also directed affected reflection, whereas deep processing strategies were directly affected by mastery goals and effort. Importantly, both reflection and effort were found to act as potent mediators. A one‐way MANOVA revealed no statistical difference between men and women in this theoretical framework.
The existence of outer automorphisms of some groups. II

F. Haimo and E. Schenkman [1] raised the question: Does a nilpotent group G always possess an outer automorphism? The answer is in the affirmative if G is finite and nilpotent of class 2, as is seen from a Schenkman's [I ] stronger result. The object of this note is to show that the answer is also in the affirmative for another family of nilpotent groups, namely the family of all finite p-groups G of order greater than 2 such that xi = e for every element x in G. Actually, our result is somewhat stronger:
Effects of Using an iPod App to Manage Recreation Tasks

A withdrawal design study evaluated the effectiveness of using constant time delay to teach six adults with a developmental disability to program and use an iPod touch® as an electronic photographic activity schedule (ePAS). The ePAS, created with the First Then Visual Schedule app, consisted of photographs of different exercises to complete during their workout time at the recreation facility on their community college campus. Dependent variables included the percent of correct steps programming the device and the percent of exercises completed correctly. All participants learned to program their iPod touch® within six sessions and maintained the skill during the second intervention condition. For generalization, participants programmed self-selected exercises into the device and performed each exercise.
Phase II study of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus metformin as a fertility-sparing treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND Metformin, widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduces the risk of cancer and relapse after treatment. Fertility-sparing treatment for endometrial cancer (EC) with progestin is associated with a high chance of disease regression, and the high relapse rate continues to be a problem. We assessed the efficacy of metformin in preventing recurrence after medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) as fertility-sparing treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and EC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase II study enrolled 17 patients with AEH and 19 patients with EC limited to the endometrium (age, 20-40 years). MPA (400 mg/day) and metformin (750-2250 mg/day) were administered for 24-36 weeks to achieve a complete response (CR). Metformin was administered until conception, even after MPA discontinuation. The primary end point was relapse-free survival (RFS) after remission. We analyzed all efficacy end points in the full analysis set. RESULTS The body mass index was ≥25 kg/m(2) in 27 patients (mean, 31 kg/m(2); range, 19-51 kg/m(2)), and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index was ≥2.5 in 24 patients (mean, 4.7; range, 0.7-21). Two patients showed progression at 12 weeks [6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2-18]. At 36 weeks, 29 (81%; 95% CI 65-90) patients achieved CR, and 5 (14%; 95% CI 6-29) patients achieved partial response. During a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 9-66 months) after remission, relapse was confirmed in three of the patients who had achieved CR (relapse rate, 10%). The 3-year estimated RFS rate was 89%. No patients experienced severe toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Metformin inhibited disease relapse after MPA therapy. The combination of metformin and MPA in EC treatment should be studied further. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN 000002210.
Beyond Bravado

ABSTRACT Studies of men who batter their partners seldom consider that many of these men are also fathers or stepfathers of children. This study draws upon several weeks of observations of group sessions with men court-mandated into group counseling due to their violence in relationships with intimate partners. Subsequent intensive interviews were conducted with eight fathers from among the group participants. Our focus was on their experiences with and reflections upon themselves as fathers. We found many of the men used the father role as a source of reentry into the moral community. Specifically, the themes of the catastrophic moment, remorse, responsibility, reparational scripts, redemption, and reconstruction are discussed in a process of moving beyond bravado. We draw implications for further research with fathers who batter as well as suggestions for human services and criminal justice professionals who may work with men and their families in these situations.
Conceptual Definition and Empirical Validation of the Spiritual Sensitivity Scale

In this study, we extend the Multiple Intelligence Profile Questionnaire (Tirri and Komulainen, 2002) based on Gardner's (1983) MI theory with spiritual intelligence (SQ). The operationalization of SQ was tested with an empirical sample of Finnish preadolescents, adolescents and adults (N = 496). First, we studied if 20 spiritual intelligence items reflect the categories of spiritual sensitivity (Hay, 1998; Bradford, 1995). The categories are: Awareness sensing, Mystery sensing, Value sensing, and Community sensing. Second, we optimized the number of items to create the eighth component to the MIPQ. The results of confirmatory factor analysis show good generalizability characteristics of the scales.
Local government and community needs: A case study of Muslims in Coventry

Abstract As the main providers of public sector services to ethnic minorities, many local authorities throughout the United Kingdom have developed some experience in community consultation. The process is, however, fraught with potential pitfalls such as the frequent assumption by local authority officers that they are dealing with a community in full agreement about their needs and the difficulty of the communities themselves, on the other hand, in mastering the complex bureaucratic procedures of local government programmes. This article explores these issues through a case study of Coventry City Council's efforts to meet the community needs of its Muslim population.
Determinant factors of mobile‐based word‐of‐mouth campaign referral among Japanese adolescents

This study addresses why Japanese teenagers participate in mobilebased word-of-mouth (WOM) campaigns. It is posited that commitment to the promoted brand, relationship with the mobile device, and group–person connectivity act as antecedents of two primary gratifications of the campaign, entertainment value and purposive value, which in turn determine the direction and strength of the attitude–intention–behavior chain. A “real” mobile campaign was used as stimulus. Based on a random sampling method, 22,500 structured questionnaires were sent to young consumers, 13–18 years old, via mobile device. Our data fit the proposed model fairly well, and all hypothesized paths are supported. There are significant differences in the strength of the paths between teenagers who learned of the campaign from non-WOM sources (i.e., content-based Web sites and e-mail magazines) versus WOM sources (pass-along e-mail and direct referral). In closing, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed and important limitations are recognized. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The G-patch protein Spp2 couples the spliceosome-stimulated ATPase activity of the DEAH-box protein Prp2 to catalytic activation of the spliceosome

Structural rearrangement of the activated spliceosome (Bact) to yield a catalytically active complex (B*) is mediated by the DEAH-box NTPase Prp2 in cooperation with the G-patch protein Spp2. Warkocki et al. demonstrate that Spp2 is not required to recruit Prp2 to its bona fide binding site in the Bact spliceosome. However, transformation of the Bact to the B* spliceosome occurs only when Spp2 is present and is accompanied by dissociation of Prp2 and a reduction in its NTPase activity.
A Neural Network Approach to JNS Color Histogram and its Application to Color Image Retrieval

Research shows that colors that can be named by all cultures are limited to eleven and are sufficient for human description for most of the applications involving color images. In This paper, an approach for finding histogram of a color image with these JNS (Just Not the Same) colors using a neural network is presented. A three layer feed-forward neural network is trained for classifying a given RGB color into one of the eleven color classes. The RGB color samples for the eleven color classes are selected for training and these samples are used for supervised training using Error Back Propagation Training Algorithm. This gives us the histogram with just eleven bins for the eleven colors, which facilitates efficient matching of color signatures. This technique can be used to find the global color signature of an image in color image retrieval systems.
Resource allocation in full-duplex communications for future wireless networks

The recent significant progress in realizing FD systems has opened up a promising avenue for improving quality of service and quality of experience in future wireless networks. There is an urgent need to address the diverse set of challenges regarding different aspects of FD network design, theory, and development. In addition to the self-interference cancellation signal processing algorithms, network protocols such as resource management are also essential in the practical design and implementation of FD wireless networks. This article aims to present the latest development and future directions of resource allocation in different full duplex systems by exploring the network resources in different domains, including power, space, frequency, and device dimensions. Four representative application scenarios are considered: FD MIMO networks, FD cooperative networks, FD OFDMA cellular networks, and FD heterogeneous networks. Resource management problems and novel algorithms in these systems are presented, and key open research directions are discussed.
Exact Demmel Condition Number Distribution of Complex Wishart Matrices via the Mellin Transform

In this letter we study the distribution of the Demmel condition number of complex Wishart matrices, which has various applications in the performance analysis of communication systems. New exact expressions are derived for the probability density function and cumulative distribution function, which are very simple and valid for any matrix dimensions. These results are obtained by taking advantage of properties of the Mellin transform for products of independent random variables.
QTL Mapping of Genome Regions Controlling Temephos Resistance in Larvae of the Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Introduction The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue and yellow fever flaviviruses. Temephos is an organophosphate insecticide used globally to suppress Ae. aegypti larval populations but resistance has evolved in many locations. Methodology/Principal Findings Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) controlling temephos survival in Ae. aegypti larvae were mapped in a pair of F3 advanced intercross lines arising from temephos resistant parents from Solidaridad, México and temephos susceptible parents from Iquitos, Peru. Two sets of 200 F3 larvae were exposed to a discriminating dose of temephos and then dead larvae were collected and preserved for DNA isolation every two hours up to 16 hours. Larvae surviving longer than 16 hours were considered resistant. For QTL mapping, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at 23 single copy genes and 26 microsatellite loci of known physical positions in the Ae. aegypti genome. In both reciprocal crosses, Multiple Interval Mapping identified eleven QTL associated with time until death. In the Solidaridad×Iquitos (SLD×Iq) cross twelve were associated with survival but in the reciprocal IqxSLD cross, only six QTL were survival associated. Polymorphisms at acetylcholine esterase (AchE) loci 1 and 2 were not associated with either resistance phenotype suggesting that target site insensitivity is not an organophosphate resistance mechanism in this region of México. Conclusions/Significance Temephos resistance is under the control of many metabolic genes of small effect and dispersed throughout the Ae. aegypti genome.
Reliability and Validity of Curriculum-Based Informal Reading Inventories.

INFORMAL READING INVENTORIES (IRIs) are endorsed frequently by textbook authors and teacher trainers. However, the reliability and validity of standard and salient IRI procedures rarely have been investigated. Employing 91 elementary-age students, this study examined the technical adequacy of (a) choosing a criterion of 95% accuracy for word recognition to determine an instructional level, (b) arbitrarily selecting a passage to represent the difficulty level of a basal reader, and (c) employing one-level floors and ceilings to demarcate levels beyond which behavior is not sampled. Correlational and congruency analyses supported the external validity of the 95% standard but questioned the reliability and validity of passage sampling procedures and one-level floors and ceilings. Sampling over occasions and test forms is discussed as a more valid IRI procedure.
Harmonic signals from electroabsorption modulators for bias control

Harmonic signals reflected from electroabsorption modulators are measured and analyzed as a function of modulator bias. The second-harmonic signal exhibits a dip close to the bias where the maximum of RF link gain occurs, over a significant optical power range. Using an equivalent circuit analysis we show this is caused by the inherent electroabsorption effect. The second-harmonic signal can be exploited for dynamic self-bias control of electroabsorption modulators in analog fiber-optic links.
Threshold Digraphs

A digraph whose degree sequence has a unique vertex labeled realization is called threshold. In this paper we present several characterizations of threshold digraphs and their degree sequences, and show these characterizations to be equivalent. Using this result, we obtain a new, short proof of the Fulkerson-Chen theorem on degree sequences of general digraphs.
Intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance and heat shock protein gene expression in common killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus

SUMMARY Populations of common killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, are distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America through a steep latitudinal thermal gradient. We examined intraspecific variation in whole-animal thermal tolerance and its relationship to the heat shock response in killifish from the northern and southern extremes of the species range. Critical thermal maxima were significantly higher in southern than in northern fish by ∼1.5°C at a wide range of acclimation temperatures (from 2-34°C), and critical thermal minima differed by ∼1.5°C at acclimation temperatures above 22°C, converging on the freezing point of brackish water at lower acclimation temperatures. To determine whether these differences in whole-organism thermal tolerance were reflected in differences in either the sequence or regulation of the heat shock protein genes (hsps) we obtained complete cDNA sequences for hsc70, hsp70-1 and hsp70-2, and partial sequences of hsp90α and hsp90β. There were no fixed differences in amino acid sequence between populations in either hsp70-1 or hsp70-2, and only a single conservative substitution between populations in hsc70. By contrast, there were significant differences between populations in the expression of many, but not all, of these genes. Both northern and southern killifish significantly increased hsp70-2 levels above control values (Ton) at a heat shock temperature of 33°C, but the magnitude of this induction was greater in northern fish, suggesting that northern fish may be more susceptible to thermal damage than are southern fish. In contrast, hsp70-1 mRNA levels increased gradually and to the same extent in response to heat shock in both populations. Hsc70 mRNA levels were significantly elevated by heat shock in southern fish, but not in northern fish. Similarly, the more thermotolerant southern killifish had a Ton for hsp90α of 30°C, 2°C lower than that of northern fish. This observation combined with the ability of southern killifish to upregulate hsc70 in response to heat shock suggests a possible role for these hsps in whole-organism differences in thermal tolerance. These data highlight the importance of considering the complexity of the heat shock response across multiple isoforms when attempting to make linkages to whole-organism traits such as thermal tolerance.
The Unique Type Ia Supernova 2000cx in NGC 524

We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2000cx in the S0 galaxy NGC 524, which reveal it to be peculiar. Photometrically, SN 2000cx is different from all known SNe Ia, and its light curves cannot be fitted well by the fitting techniques currently available. There is an apparent asymmetry in the B‐band peak, in which the premaximum brightening is relatively fast (similar to that of the normal SN 1994D), but the postmaximum decline is relatively slow (similar to that of the overluminous SN 1991T). The color evolution of SN 2000cx is also peculiar: the (B−V)0 color has a unique plateau phase and the (V−R)0 and (V−I)0 colors are very blue. Although the premaximum spectra of SN 2000cx are similar to those of SN 1991T–like objects (with weak Si ii lines), its overall spectral evolution is quite different. The Si ii lines that emerged near maximum B‐band brightness stay strong in SN 2000cx until about 3 weeks past maximum. The change in the excitation stages of iron‐peak elements is slow. Both the iron‐peak and the intermediate‐mass elements are found to be moving at very high expansion velocities in the ejecta of SN 2000cx. We discuss theoretical models for SN 2000cx. SN 2000cx may be an overluminous object like SN 1991T, but with a larger yield of 56Ni and a higher kinetic energy in the ejecta. We also briefly discuss the implications of our observations for the luminosity versus light‐curve width relation.