Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Search for neutrino-induced cascades with the AMANDA detector

J. Ahrens, X. Bai, G. Barouch, S.W. Barwick, R.C. Bay, T. Becka, K. -H. Becker, D. Bertrand, F. Binon, A. Biron, S. Böser, J. Booth, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, a O. Bouhali, M.M. Boyce, T. Burgess, S. Carius, A. Chen, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. Cooley, C.G. S. Costa, D.F. Cowen, A. Davour, C. De Clercq, T. DeYoung, b P. Desiati, J.-P. Dewulf, P. Doksus, P. Ekström, T. Feser, J.-M. Frère, T.K. Gaisser, M. Gaug, A. Goldschmidt, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, M. Hellwig, G.C. Hill, P.O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Karle, J. Kim, B. Koci, L. Köpke, M. Kowalski, J.I. Lamoureux, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, D.M. Lowder, c J. Madsen, P. Marciniewski, H.S. Matis, C.P. McParland, T.C. Miller, d Y. Minaeva, P. Miočinović, P.C. Mock, e R. Morse, T. Neunhöffer, P. Niessen, D.R. Nygren, H. Ogelman, Ph. Olbrechts, C. Pérez de los Heros, A.C. Pohl, R. Porrata, f P.B. Price, G.T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, C. Reed, g E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, S. Richter, J. Rodŕıguez Martino, P. Romenesko, D. Ross, H. -G. Sander, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G.M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, N. Starinsky, h D. Steele, P. Steffen, R.G. Stokstad, K. -H. Sulanke, I. Taboada, i L. Thollander, S. Tilav, M. Vander Donckt, C. Walck, C. Weinheimer, C.H. Wiebusch, a C. Widemann, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, W. Wu, G. Yodh, and S. Young
Dutch assimilation versus migrants’ hybridism: narratives of Poles in The Hague

ABSTRACT Free movement for European Union citizens has created a new contemporary context for migration: border controls have been removed and labor markets in EU member states are open for all EU citizens. Additionally, the growth of communication and cheap and fast modes of transportation have enabled migrants to be more flexible in their migration choices. ‘Borderless’ Europe has created a migrant type that differs slightly from international migrants. In this paper stories of migrants, that would be considered ‘Marginal Men’, are used to look at Dutch integration and participation policies. In-depth interviews with three Polish migrants are used to explore how their lives are shaped in this new migration context. The narratives revealed rich detail about living in the margins and career trajectories. The unpredictability of the steps that these migrants have taken is possible because of the EU context. The respondents’ stories do not follow the lines of integration and participation as set out by Dutch national and local governments. The negative connotations linked to a lack of participation or integration do not do justice to the achievements of these men. The normative, linear perspective of the Dutch integration policy needs revision to include and support alternative migratory careers.
A psychometric evaluation of the highly sensitive person scale: the components of sensory-processing sensitivity

Objective:Aron and Aron (1997) developed the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) to measure individual differences in sensory-processing sensitivity (SPS). Their experiments showed that sensitivity is a one-dimensional construct characterized by high susceptibility to both external (e.g. light, noise) and internal (hunger, pain) stimuli (Aron 2013), later studies which were conducted using the HSPS, disagreed their concept. Further studies of the SPS construct are justified by the following: a Russian version of HSPS questionnaire has not yet been developed; the inner structure of the construct has not yet been conclusively defined (Aron and Aron, 2012), a different method of statistical data analysis may be required; the vast majority of studies, were using small homogeneous groups for sampling. Thus, the purpose of the present study was the psychometric evaluation of the Highly sensitive person scale using Russian data samples.Method:Two approaches – active and passive – were employed to collect the field data. The active approach used verbal advertising among undergraduate university students, i.e. the ‘snowball method’, whereas the passive approach relied on social media advertisements in Facebook and VK.com. 860 respondents participated in the study: 350 undergraduate university student volunteers (117 males, 233 females, average age 18.2) and 510 social media users (380 females, 130 males, average age 22.6). Results:The results of this study did not confirm the one-dimension model of sensitivity suggested in Aron and Aron (1997), nether was the three-factor model suggested by others. The hierarchical cluster and confirmatory analyses employed for the operationalization procedure suggest that sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) can be described in a two-factor model consisting of ‘Ease of Excitation’ and ‘Low Sensory Threshold’ subscales. The “Aesthetic Sensitivity” factor was identified during hierarchical cluster analysis, but showed very low correlation with the other factors “Ease of Excitation” and “Low Sensory Threshold”. This result encourages us to look deeper into the conceptual model of HSPS developed in Aron and Aron (1997). Conclusion:The operationalization of the Russian version of HSPS confirmed that the SPS is multidimensional construct. The precise number of subscales remains open. The term sensitivity has many meanings in modern psychology, a more rigorous definition of the sensitivity construct is required.
Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit Can Predict Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China

Background: Recently, Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit (MIRU) was supposed to be associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), but whether the association exists actually in local strains in China was still unknown. This research was conducted to explore that association and the predictability of MIRU to drug resistance of Tuberculosis (TB). Methods: The clinical isolates were collected and the susceptibility test were conducted with Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) medium for five anti-TB drug. Based on PCR of MIRU-VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) genotyping, we tested the number of the repeat unite of MIRU. Then, we used logistic regression to evaluate the association between 15 MIRU and drug resistance. In addition, we explored the most suitable MIRU locus of identified MIRU loci for drug resistance by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of the 102 strains, one isolate was resistant to rifampicin and one isolate was resistant to streptomycin. Among these fifteen MIRU, there was a association between MIRU loci polymorphism and anti-tuberculosis drug resistance, ETRB (P = 0.03, OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.81) and ETRC (P = 0.01, OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.64) were negatively related to isoniazid resistance; MIRU20 (P = 0.05, OR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.01–8.12) was positively associated with ethambutol resistance; and QUB11a (P = 0.02, OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.96) was a negative association factor of p-aminosalicylic acid resistance. Conclusion: Our research showed that MIRU loci may predict drug resistance of tuberculosis in China. However, the mechanism still needs further exploration.
Syndication Networks and the Spatial Distribution of Venture Capital Investments1

Sociological investigations of economic exchange reveal how institutions and social structures shape transaction patterns among economic actors. This article explores how interfirm networks in the U.S. venture capital (VC) market affect spatial patterns of exchange. Evidence suggests that information about potential investment opportunities generally circulates within geographic and industry spaces. In turn, the circumscribed flow of information within these spaces contributes to the geographic‐ and industry‐localization of VC investments. Empirical analyses demonstrate that the social networks in the VC community—built up through the industry’s extensive use of syndicated investing—diffuse information across boundaries and therefore expand the spatial radius of exchange. Venture capitalists that build axial positions in the industry’s coinvestment network invest more frequently in spatially distant companies. Thus, variation in actors’ positioning within the structure of the market appears to differentiate market participants’ ability to overcome boundaries that otherwise would curtail exchange.
Conspecific brood parasitism in the tropics: an experimental investigation of host responses in common moorhens and American purple gallinules

Species occupying a broad latitudinal range may show greater phenotypic plasticity in behavior than species with smaller ranges or more specific habitat requirements. This study investigates for the first time the occurrence of conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) in sympatric tropical populations of the common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus pauxilla Bangs) and the American purple gallinule (Porphyrula martinica L.). CBP occurred in at least 20% (N = 76) of common moorhen nests on the Rio Chagres in Panama. Half (N = 20) of the parasitic eggs were accepted, but 10 were destroyed or ejected from host nests. Introductions of experimental eggs into nests revealed hosts were more likely to accept parasitism later in the host's laying period and during incubation, consistent with expectation of an adaptive response. CBP was not detected in a small sympatric population of American purple gallinules. Members of this population did not eject experimental eggs, suggesting a lack of experience with costly CBP. Contrasting ecological factors help explain why these two species of rail (Family Rallidae) differ in regard to CBP. Purple gallinule territories were sparse, owing to the distribution of preferred habitat. Moorhens flocked outside of the breeding season. They nested more synchronously, at higher densities, and primarily in ephemeral floating vegetation. Further, moorhens suffered a rate of nest loss nearly double that of American purple gallinules, and this increased over the course of the breeding season. Moorhen clutches were larger on average, and more variable in size than those of purple gallinules. Reproductive effort and rate (seasonality) constitute important life history differences between these species that may constrain the evolution of reproductive tactics. Comparing these sympatric populations, and others differing in life-history traits and ecological constraints, highlights the role of risk management in the evolution of CBP.
Website Credibility Assessment: An Empirical - Investigation of Prominence-interpretation Theory

While a variety of research studies have examined factors that influence individuals’ attitudes toward and use of websites, an important yet understudied stream looks at the role of website credibility. We examine website credibility through the lens of prominence-interpretation theory. Fogg (2003) developed this theory to help explain the relationships between what users observe about a website, how they interpret it, and how observation and interpretation together determine website credibility. In this paper, we look specifically at the relationship between prominence and interpretation and how these variables interact to influence attitudes about website credibility. We examined this relationship using a controlled laboratory experiment in which we exposed subjects to a website and asked them what they saw and how they interpreted what they saw. We analyzed these data using discriminant analysis and show that the interaction between prominence and interpretation accurately predicts attitudes about credibility, which offers strong support for prominence-interpretation theory. We discuss these findings and their implications for theory and practice.
Distance-dependent duplex DNA destabilization proximal to G-quadruplex/i-motif sequences

G-quadruplexes and i-motifs are complementary examples of non-canonical nucleic acid substructure conformations. G-quadruplex thermodynamic stability has been extensively studied for a variety of base sequences, but the degree of duplex destabilization that adjacent quadruplex structure formation can cause has yet to be fully addressed. Stable in vivo formation of these alternative nucleic acid structures is likely to be highly dependent on whether sufficient spacing exists between neighbouring duplex- and quadruplex-/i-motif-forming regions to accommodate quadruplexes or i-motifs without disrupting duplex stability. Prediction of putative G-quadruplex-forming regions is likely to be assisted by further understanding of what distance (number of base pairs) is required for duplexes to remain stable as quadruplexes or i-motifs form. Using oligonucleotide constructs derived from precedented G-quadruplexes and i-motif-forming bcl-2 P1 promoter region, initial biophysical stability studies indicate that the formation of G-quadruplex and i-motif conformations do destabilize proximal duplex regions. The undermining effect that quadruplex formation can have on duplex stability is mitigated with increased distance from the duplex region: a spacing of five base pairs or more is sufficient to maintain duplex stability proximal to predicted quadruplex/i-motif-forming regions.
Hand and foot pressures in the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) reveal novel biomechanical trade-offs required for walking on gracile digits

SUMMARY Arboreal animals with prehensile hands must balance the complex demands of bone strength, grasping and manipulation. An informative example of this problem is that of the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a rare lemuriform primate that is unusual in having exceptionally long, gracile fingers specialized for foraging. In addition, they are among the largest primates to engage in head-first descent on arboreal supports, a posture that should increase loads on their gracile digits. We test the hypothesis that aye-ayes will reduce pressure on their digits during locomotion by curling their fingers off the substrate. This hypothesis was tested using simultaneous videographic and pressure analysis of the hand, foot and digits for five adult aye-ayes during horizontal locomotion and during ascent and descent on a 30° instrumented runway. Aye-ayes consistently curled their fingers during locomotion on all slopes. When the digits were in contact with the substrate, pressures were negligible and significantly less than those experienced by the palm or pedal digits. In addition, aye-ayes lifted their hands vertically off the substrate instead of ‘toeing-off’ and descended head-first at significantly slower speeds than on other slopes. Pressure on the hand increased during head-first descent relative to horizontal locomotion but not as much as the pressure increased on the foot during ascent. This distribution of pressure suggests that aye-ayes shift their weight posteriorly during head-first descent to reduce loads on their gracile fingers. This research demonstrates several novel biomechanical trade-offs to deal with complex functional demands on the mammalian skeleton.
RGB-D face recognition via learning-based reconstruction

Low cost RGB-D cameras are gaining significant popularity in surveillance scenarios. While RGB images contain good quality discriminative information, depth images captured in uncontrolled environment at a distance does not provide accurate depth map. In this research, we present a learning based reconstruction and mapping algorithm to generate a feature rich representation from the RGB images. These reconstructed images are then used for face identification. The experiments performed on both IIITD RGB-D database and the challenging Kasparov database show that the proposed algorithm yields significant improvements compared to when the original depth map is used for identification. Comparison with existing state-of-the-art algorithm also demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed architecture.
‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’: an fMRI study of adolescents with autism and their siblings

Background. Mentalizing deficits are a hallmark of the autism spectrum condition (ASC) and a potential endophenotype for atypical social cognition in ASC. Differences in performance and neural activation on the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ task (the Eyes task) have been identified in individuals with ASC in previous studies. Method. Performance on the Eyes task along with the associated neural activation was examined in adolescents with ASC (n = 50), their unaffected siblings (n = 40) and typically developing controls (n = 40). Based on prior literature that males and females with ASC display different cognitive and associated neural characteristics, analyses were stratified by sex. Three strategies were applied to test for endophenotypes at the level of neural activation: (1) identifying and locating conjunctions of ASC–control and sibling–control differences; (2) examining whether the sibling group is comparable to the ASC or intermediate between the ASC and control groups; and (3) examining spatial overlaps between ASC–control and sibling–control differences across multiple thresholds. Results. Impaired behavioural performance on the Eyes task was observed in males with ASC compared to controls, but only at trend level in females; and no difference in performance was identified between sibling and same-sex control groups in both sexes. Neural activation showed a substantial endophenotype effect in the female groups but this was only modest in the male groups. Conclusions. Behavioural impairment on complex emotion recognition associated with mental state attribution is a phenotypic, rather than an endophenotypic, marker of ASC. However, the neural response during the Eyes task is a potential endophenotypic marker for ASC, particularly in females.
Delivering interventions for depression by using the internet: randomised controlled trial

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of two internet interventions for community-dwelling individuals with symptoms of depression—a psychoeducation website offering information about depression and an interactive website offering cognitive behaviour therapy. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Internet users in the community, in Canberra, Australia. Participants 525 individuals with increased depressive symptoms recruited by survey and randomly allocated to a website offering information about depression (n = 166) or a cognitive behaviour therapy website (n = 182), or a control intervention using an attention placebo (n = 178). Main outcome measures Change in depression, dysfunctional thoughts; knowledge of medical, psychological, and lifestyle treatments; and knowledge of cognitive behaviour therapy. Results Intention to treat analyses indicated that information about depression and interventions that used cognitive behaviour therapy and were delivered via the internet were more effective than a credible control intervention in reducing symptoms of depression in a community sample. For the intervention that delivered cognitive behaviour therapy the reduction in score on the depression scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies was 3.2 (95% confidence interval 0.9 to 5.4). For the “depression literacy” site (BluePages), the reduction was 3.0 (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 5.2). Cognitive behaviour therapy (MoodGYM) reduced dysfunctional thinking and increased knowledge of cognitive behaviour therapy. Depression literacy (BluePages) significantly improved participants' understanding of effective evidence based treatments for depression (P < 0.05). Conclusions Both cognitive behaviour therapy and psychoeducation delivered via the internet are effective in reducing symptoms of depression.
The Mid-Infrared Fine-Structure Lines of Neon as an Indicator of Star Formation Rate in Galaxies

The fine-structure lines of singly ([Ne II] 12.8 μm) and doubly ([Ne III] 15.6 μm) ionized neon are among the most prominent features in the mid-infrared spectra of star-forming regions and have the potential to be a powerful new indicator of the star formation rate in galaxies. Using a sample of star-forming galaxies with measurements of the fine-structure lines available from the literature, we show that the sum of the [Ne II] and [Ne III] luminosities obeys a tight, linear correlation with the total infrared luminosity over 5 orders of magnitude in luminosity. We discuss the formation of the lines and their relation with the Lyman continuum luminosity. A simple calibration between star formation rate and the [Ne II]+[Ne III] luminosity is presented.
Stability analysis of spatially invariant systems with event-triggered communication

In this paper we analyze spatially invariant inter-connections consisting of a (finite) number of subsystems that use packet-based communication networks for the exchange of information. An example of such an interconnected system is the platoon of vehicles that uses cooperative control to drive autonomously. By building upon a recently developed hybrid systems framework for the considered spatially invariant inter-connections, we investigate the design of event-based triggering mechanisms that aim to reduce the amount of transmission times while still guaranteeing behavior in terms of uniform global asymptotic stability (UGAS) for the overall interconnected system. To obtain tractable design conditions, we exploit the spatially invariant property. As a result, we obtain conditions based on only the local information of one of the subsystems in the interconnection and the interconnection structure itself. A nonlinear example is used to illustrate the applications and benefits of the obtained modeling approach.
Anti-Addition Mechanism in the Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Alkenes Catalyzed by PVP-Stabilized Nanogold

(1R*,4S*,4aR*,9aS*,10S*)-10-Hydroxy-10-phenyl-1,4a,9a,10-tetrahydro-1,4-methanoanthracen-9(4H)-one (1c) was prepared for the elucidation of the reaction mechanism of intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkenes catalyzed by gold nanoclusters stabilized by a hydrophilic polymer, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (Au:PVP). It was found that the reaction proceeded via anti-addition of alcohol to the alkene assisted by π-activation of the gold clusters, which is the same mechanism as the hydroamination by toluenesulfonamides.
The nature of the jet-driven outflow in the radio galaxy 3C?305

We present Chandra X-ray and Very Large Array radio observations of the radio galaxy 3C? 305. The X-ray observations reveal the details of the previously known extended X-ray halo around the radio galaxy. We show using X-ray spectroscopy that the X-ray emission is consistent with being shock-heated material and can be modelled with standard collisional-ionization models, rather than being photoionized by the active nucleus. On this basis, we can make a self-consistent model in which the X-ray-emitting plasma is responsible for the depolarization of some regions of the radio emission from the jets and hotspots, and to place lower and upper limits on the magnetic field strength in the depolarizing medium. On the assumption that the X-ray-emitting material, together with the previously known extended emission-line region and the outflow in neutral hydrogen, is all being driven out of the centre of the galaxy by an interaction with the jets, we derive a detailed energy budget for the radio galaxy, showing that the X-ray-emitting gas dominates the other phases in terms of its energy content. The power supplied by the jets must be similar to 1043? erg? s-1.