Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent findings on fulminant type 1 diabetes

Fulminant type 1 diabetes (fT1D) is a new subtype of type 1 diabetes proposed by Imagawa in 2000. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by a markedly rapid and almost complete destruction of pancreatic β cells. Metabolic derangement is more severe in this subtype than in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. The incidence of fT1D is associated with HLA DRB1*04:05DQB1*04:01; both innate and acquired immune disorders might contribute to the development of fT1D. The presence of specific innate immune responses to enterovirus infection connected with enhanced adaptive immune pathways responsible for aggressive β cell toxicity in fT1D. The process of β cell destruction is extremely rapid in fT1D, and the insulin secretary capacity rarely recovers after the onset. The serum glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio is significantly higher in fT1D; a cut‐off value of 3.2 for serum glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio yielded 97% sensitivity and 98% specificity for differentiating fT1D from type 2 diabetes. Fulminant type 1 diabetes is associated with pregnancy. This article also updates the diagnostic criteria for fT1D by the Japanese Diabetes Association in 2012.
Prevalence of Psychoses on Reception to Male Prisons in New South Wales

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of psychotic illnesses among men received to prisons in New South Wales. The study also sought to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the psychosis screener in the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-Auto). Method: The study was part of a larger study on psychiatric disorder in men received to New South Wales prisons. Using a structured questionnaire, the CIDI-Auto (modified), which included screening questions for psychotic illness, the prisoners who gave positive responses to the screening questions for psychosis as well as any subjects considered by the experienced clinicians performing the CIDI-Auto interviews to show features of a psychotic illness, were referred to the researchers for a clinical assessment. The clinical assessment included a review of all available information. Results: Of the prisoners, 5.1% were thought to have definite psychotic illness and 1.9% to have possible psychotic illness. The psychosis screener was found to be neither sensitive nor specific. Conclusions: The rate of psychotic illness among people remanded to New South Wales prisons is between 10 and 14 times the rate found in a similar study in the wider community. The poor performance of the psychosis screener suggests that screening for psychotic illness on reception to prisons should be performed by clinically trained staff.
Dust Effect on the Performance of Photovoltaic

Dust represents one of the important environmental parameters that effect photovoltaic (PV) performance. PV performance may be considerably affected when dust particles are deposited on the PV panels. In this paper, the experimental data concerning the effect of three types of dust pollutants (red soil, ash and sand) on the performance of PV panels (mono-c, multi-c and a-Si technologies investigated) have been investigated. It is found that ash have the highest effect in comparison with other pollutants. Also, it is found that a-Si is performing better than mono-c and multi-c in dusty environment.
Interest in Health Information Exchange in Ambulatory Care: A Statewide Survey

Summary Objective: Assess the interest in and preferences of ambulatory practitioners in HIE. Background: Health information exchange (HIE) may improve the quality and efficiency of care. Identifying the value proposition for smaller ambulatory practices may help those practices engage in HIE. Methods: Survey of primary care and specialist practitioners in the State of Colorado. Results: Clinical data were commonly (always [2%], often [29%] or sometimes [49%]) missing during clinic visits. Of 12 data types proposed as available through HIE, ten were considered “extremely useful” by most practitioners. “Clinical notes/consultation reports,” “diagnosis or problem lists,” and “hospital discharge summaries” were considered the three most useful data types. Interest in EKG reports, diagnosis/problem lists, childhood immunizations, and discharge summaries differed among ambulatory practitioner groups (primary care, obstetrics-gynecology, and internal medicine subspecialties). Conclusion: Practitioners express strong interest in most of the data types, but opinions differed by specialties on what types were most important. All providers felt that a system that provided all data types would be useful. These results support the potential benefit of HIE in ambulatory practices.
An apparent relationship between mistranslation and an altered leucyl-tRNA synthetase in a conditional lethal mutant of Neurospora crassa.

A N analysis of the genetic control of the biogenesis of leucine biosynthetic enzymes in Neurospora crussu has established that four cistrons are involved in the determination o F the structures of the three enzymes specifically responsible for the formation of leucine (GROSS 1965). However, the function of a fifth cistron, leu-5 represent'ed by a single mutant strain, 45208t, remained enigmatic. This strain was isolated by HOULAHAN, BEADLE, and CALHOUN (1949) after ultraviolet irradiation and was classified as an auxotroph with an unknown growth requirement. Subsequently, DUBES (1953) determined that 45208t was a temperature sensitive mutant that responded auxotrophically to leucine at low and intermediate temperatures. At 37°C the growth of 45208t was severely restricted regardless of supplementation. The growth response of 45208t is different from that of temperature sensitive auxotrophs which display, characteristically, an increased dependence on added growth factor as a function of an increase in incubation temperature. Failure of the strain to grow at elevated temperatures, regardless of leucine supplementation, suggested the involvement of the leu-5 cistron in some nondispensable function involving either the control of leucine production or the utilization of leucine in protein synthesis. The results of experiments reported below indicate that a large amount of the protein synthesized during growth of the leu-5 mutant is structurally altered ancl enzymatically defective. The data obtained suggest that the 45208t phenotype results from a decrease in the fidelity with which leucine is incorporated into protein probably as a consequence of the production of a leucyl-tRNA synthetase with altered substrate binding properties.
Infant muscle tone and childhood autistic traits: A longitudinal study in the general population

In a longitudinal population‐based study of 2,905 children, we investigated if infants' neuromotor development was associated with autistic traits in childhood. Overall motor development and muscle tone were examined by trained research assistants with an adapted version of Touwen's Neurodevelopmental Examination between ages 2 and 5 months. Tone was assessed in several positions and items were scored as normal, low, or high tone. Parents rated their children's autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Pervasive Developmental Problems (PDP) subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist at 6 years. We defined clinical PDP if scores were >98th percentile of the norm population. Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was clinically confirmed in 30 children. We observed a modest association between overall neuromotor development in infants and autistic traits. Low muscle tone in infancy predicted autistic traits measured by SRS (adjusted beta = 0.05, 95% CI for B: 0.00–0.02, P = 0.01), and PDP (adjusted beta = 0.08, 95% CI for B: 0.04–0.10, P < 0.001). Similar results emerged for the association of low muscle tone and clinical PDP (adjusted OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08–1.72, P = 0.01) at age 6 years. Results remained unchanged if adjusted for child intelligence. There was no association between high muscle tone and SRS or PDP. Exclusion of children with ASD diagnosis did not change the association. This large study showed a prospective association of infant muscle tone with autistic traits in childhood. Our findings suggest that early detection of low muscle tone might be a gateway to improve early diagnosis of ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 757–768. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ablation Performance of a Novel Super-hybrid Composite

A novel super-hybrid composite (NSHC) was boron-modified phenolic resin (BPR) with three-dimensional reticulated SiC ceramic (3DRC) and high silica fibers. Ablation performance of the NSHC was studied. The results show that the linear ablation rate of NSHC was lower than that of pure BPR and the high silica/BPR composite. Its linear ablation rate is 1/17 of the high silica/BPR. Mass ablation rate of the NSHC is very close to that of the pure BPR and the high silica/BPR composite. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicates that 3DRC has scarcely changed its shape at the ablation temperature. Its special reticulated structure can restrict the materials deformation and prevent high velocity heat flow from eroding the surface of the materials largely and thus increase ablation resistance of the NSHC.
Numerical Investigations Related to the Derivatives of the L-Series of Certain Elliptic Curves

In [Zagier and Kramarz 87], the authors computed the critical value of the L-series of the family of elliptic curves x 3 + y 3 = m and they pointed out some numerical phenomena concerning the frequency of curves with a positive rank and the frequency of occurrences of the Tate-Shafarevich groups III in the rank 0 case (assuming the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture). In this paper, we give a similar study for the family of elliptic curves associated to simplest cubic fields. Thesecurves have a nonzero rank and we discuss the density of curves of rank 3 that occurs. We also remark on a possible positive density of nontrivial TateShafarevitch groups in the rank 1 case. Finally, we give examples of curves of rank 3 and 5 for which the group III is nontrivial.
Mandatory contrast-enhanced venography to detect deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in studies of DVT prophylaxis: upsides and downsides

Summary The introduction of venography into patient care was a major advance because it was the first accurate method for the diagnosis of DVT. Compression ultrasound has since become the preferred test for patients with suspected DVT because, unlike venography, it is simple, non-invasive and widely available. Venography has facilitated the development and approval of new anticoagulants and remains widely used as an efficacy outcome in trials of venous thromboembolism prevention. Most thrombi detected by screening venography are, however, small and unimportant for patients. In order to calculate the trade-off between an asymptomatic thrombus and a bleed we require an estimate of the number of asymptomatic thrombi that must be prevented to avoid a patient-important thrombus. A credible estimate of this ratio is not available. Therefore when used as a measure of efficacy in trials of thromboprophylaxis, venography has limitations for comparing the relative effects of alternative antithrombotic agents on outcomes important to patients.
Xi. The origin of fatigue fracture in copper

Abstract The paper describes metallographic observations of the development of fatigue cracks in copper. The specimens (polycrystal and single crystals) were tested in push-pull at 1000 c.p.s. It was shown that the fatigue crack started in a slip band inside a single grain. An electropolishing technique showed changes in the character of the slip band after 5% of the life had expired. Cracks more than one grain long were present when half the life had expired. It was confirmed that the fatigue life could be increased by preventing access of oxygen to the surface. The bearing of these observations on the problem of the origin of a fatigue crack is discussed.
Risk of Invasive Cervical Cancer and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade Iii in Central Italy by Area of Birth

Objective To evaluate cervical cancer incidence among women born in different countries but residing in Italy. Setting Women aged 25-59 from a central Italian population-based cancer registry. Methods Invasive and in situ cervical cancer incidence rates from 2000-2004 were calculated. Standardized incidence rates were based on the European standard population. Places of birth were categorized by nine different areas. Results Within the resident population aged 25-59, there were 148 invasive cervical cancers (17.6% in women born outside Italy) and 501 (14.2% in women born outside Italy) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) diagnoses. The incidence of invasive cervical cancer for women born in ‘Central & South America and the Caribbean’ was 60.5 per 100,000 and in ‘Central and Eastern Europe’ it was 38.3, statistically significantly higher than for women born in Italy (9.5 per 100,000). The CIN III rate was 35.0 per 100,000 for women born in Italy. The ratio between standardized rates for CIN III and invasive cancers was around 4 for women born in Italy and the ‘extended European Union’, and around 6 for those born in ‘Asia’. It was 1.64 for women born in ‘Africa’, 1.31 in ‘Central & South America and the Caribbean’ and 0.69 for those born in ‘Eastern Europe’. Conclusions Women who reside in Italy but were born in ‘Central & South America and the Caribbean’ or in ‘Central and Eastern Europe’ are at high risk for invasive cervical cancer. These groups are less inclined to participate in screening, and appropriate preventive strategies should be planned accordingly.
An Expert System for Detection of Breast Cancer Using Data Preprocessing and Bayesian Network

This paper presents an automatic system for detection of breast cancer using data preprocessing and Bayesian network. In this study, ReliefF algorithm is used for reducing the dimension of breast cancer database then a pre-processing is done on the data and ultimately Bayesian network classifier is used for classification. The system performance has been compared with model NN (neural network) and AR + NN (neural networks combined with association rules). The dimension of input feature space is reduced from nine to eight by using ReliefF. In test stage, 3-fold cross validation method was applied to the Wisconsin breast cancer database to evaluate the proposed system performance. The correct classification rate of proposed system is 98.1%. This research offered that the preprocessing is necessary on this data and combination of ReliefF and Bayesian network can be used to obtain fast automatic diagnostic systems for breast cancer.
Adaptive modulation for variable-rate OFDM systems with imperfect channel information

Adaptive modulation has been shown to have significant benefits for high-speed wireless data transmission when orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is employed. However, accurate channel state information (CSI) is required at the transmitter to achieve the benefits. Imperfect CSI arises from noisy channel estimates, which may also be outdated due to a delay in getting the CSI to the transmitter. We study adaptive OFDM with both perfect and imperfect CSI for the variable bit rate case, where a target bit error rate is set. Performance results are provided for adaptive OFDM with imperfect CSI. The use of multiple estimates is shown to mitigate the effect of CSI delay. In addition, the fundamental error mechanisms which result in performance degradation are studied. Robust approaches are then proposed that are less sensitive to CSI errors.
Allele-Specific Inhibition of Rhodopsin With an Antisense Oligonucleotide Slows Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration.

PURPOSE To preserve photoreceptor cell structure and function in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa with P23H rhodopsin by selective inhibition of the mutant rhodopsin allele using a second generation antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). METHODS Wild-type mice and rats were treated with ASO by intravitreal (IVT) injection and rhodopsin mRNA and protein expression were measured. Transgenic rats expressing the murine P23H rhodopsin gene (P23H transgenic rat Line 1) were administered either a mouse-specific P23H ASO or a control ASO. The contralateral eye was injected with PBS and used as a comparator control. Electroretinography (ERG) measurements and analyses of the retinal outer nuclear layer were conducted and correlated with rhodopsin mRNA levels. RESULTS Rhodopsin mRNA and protein expression was reduced after a single ASO injection in wild-type mice with a rhodopsin-specific ASO. Transgenic rat eyes that express a murine P23H rhodopsin gene injected with a murine P23H ASO had a 181 ± 39% better maximum amplitude response (scotopic a-wave) as compared with contralateral PBS-injected eyes; the response in control ASO eyes was not significantly different from comparator contralateral eyes. Morphometric analysis of the outer nuclear layer showed a significantly thicker nuclear layer in eyes injected with murine P23H ASO (18%) versus contralateral PBS-injected eyes. CONCLUSIONS Allele-specific ASO-mediated knockdown of mutant P23H rhodopsin expression slowed the rate of photoreceptor degeneration and preserved the function of photoreceptor cells in eyes of the P23H rhodopsin transgenic rat. Our data indicate that ASO treatment is a potentially effective therapy for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa.
Accuracy-Aware Interference Modeling and Measurement in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly available for mission-critical applications such as emergency management and health care. To meet the stringent requirements on communication performance, it is crucial to understand the complex wireless interference among sensor nodes. Recent empirical studies suggest that the packet-level interference model, also referred to as the packet reception ratio (PRR) versus SINR model or PRR-SINR model, offers significantly improved realism than other simplistic models such as the disc model. However, as shown in our experimental results, the PRR-SINR model yields considerable spatial and temporal variations in reality, which poses a major challenge for accurate measurement at run time. This paper presents a novel accuracy-aware approach to interference modeling and measurement for WSNs. First, we propose a new regression-based PRR-SINR model and analytically characterize its accuracy based on statistics theory. Second, we develop a novel protocol called accuracy-aware interference measurement (AIM) for measuring the proposed PRR-SINR model with assured accuracy at run time. AIM also adopts new clock calibration and in-network aggregation techniques to reduce the overhead of interference measurement. Our extensive experiments on a 17-node testbed of TelosB motes show that AIM achieves high accuracy of PRR-SINR modeling with significantly lower overhead than state of the art approaches.
Changing Patterns in Anesthetic Fresh Gas Flow Rates Over 5 Years in a Teaching Hospital

BACKGROUND:Reducing anesthetic fresh gas flows can reduce volatile anesthetic consumption without affecting drug delivery to the patient. Delivery systems with electronic flow transducers permit the simple and accurate collection of fresh gas flow information. In a 2001 audit of fresh gas flow, we found little response to interventions designed to foster more efficient use of fresh gas. We compared current practice with our earlier results. METHODS:Flow data were collected in areas with a mix of general and acute surgery in March and November 2001, and again during 2006, by recording directly from the Datex ADU to a computer every 10 s. We extracted the distribution of flow rates when a volatile anesthetic was being administered. Data collection in March 2001 and 2006 was not advertised. RESULTS:In 2001, the mean flow rates were 1.95 and 2.1 L/min with a median flow of 1.5 L/min. In 2006, the mean was 1.27 and the median in the range 0.5-1.0 L/min. Isoflurane use decreased from 47% in 2001 to 4% in 2006. CONCLUSIONS:Fresh gas flows used in our department have decreased by 35% over 4 years. Although the absolute change in flow rate is not large, this represents potential annual savings of more than $US130,000. This occurred without specific initiatives, suggesting an evolution in practice towards lower fresh gas flow. Improvements in equipment and monitoring, including a locally developed system, which displays forward predictions of end-tidal and effect-site vapor concentrations, may be factors in this change.
Voltage Dependence and Time Dependence of Contraction in Sheep Cardiac Purkinje Fibers

Contractile behavior of the sheep cardiac Purkinje fiber was examined under voltage-clamp conditions in Tyrode's solution. For square depolarizing clamps to a given voltage, peak twitch tension depended on clamp duration if the duration was less than 80 to 90 msec, but measurable contractions could be obtained following 2-msec square clamps. Time to peak tension at 37°C remained constant as clamp duration was shortened. Twitch tension also depended on clamp voltage. The voltage at which tension was first seen, the position of the voltage-tension curve on the voltage axis, and the shape of the curve all were altered by a shift in the steady membrane voltage. After a contraction, recovery of the contractile system was voltage-dependent; recovery was complete in approximately 2 seconds if the muscle was repolarized to potentials more negative than −75 mv, and no recovery was found at potentials more positive than −20 mv. Step changes of voltage to potentials just below tension threshold rapidly inactivated the contractile mechanism without development of tension. These results show a voltage dependence and time dependence of the contractile mechanism which may be of considerable importance to understanding excitation-contraction coupling.
Cytoskeleton/stretch‐activated ion channel interaction regulates myogenic differentiation of skeletal myoblasts

In the present study, we investigated the functional interaction between stress fibers (SFs) and stretch‐activated channels (SACs) and its possible role in the regulation of myoblast differentiation induced by switch to differentiation culture in the presence or absence of sphingosine 1‐phosphate. It was found that there was a clear temporal correlation between SF formation and SAC activation in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Inhibition of actin polymerization with the specific Rho kinase inhibitor Y‐27632, significantly decreased SAC sensitivity in these cells, suggesting a role for Rho‐dependent actin remodeling in the regulation of the channel opening. The alteration of cytoskeletal/SAC functional correlation had also deleterious effects on myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells as judged by combined confocal immunofluorescence, biochemical and electrophysiological analyses. Indeed, the treatment with Y‐27632 or with DHCB, an actin disrupting agent, inhibited the expression of the myogenic markers (myogenin and sarcomeric proteins) and myoblast‐myotube transition. The treatment with the channel blocker, GdCl3, also affected myogenesis in these cells. It impaired, in fact, myoblast phenotypic maturation (i.e., reduced the expression of α‐sarcomeric actin and skeletal myosin and the activity of creatine kinase) but did not modify promoter activity and protein expression levels of myogenin. The results of this study, together with being in agreement with the general idea that cytoskeletal remodeling is essential for muscle differentiation, describe a novel pathway whereby the formation of SFs and their contraction, generate a mechanical tension to the plasma membrane, activate SACs and trigger Ca2+‐dependent signals, thus influencing the phenotypic maturation of myoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 296–306, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.