Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Rule-based Models of Biological Process from Gene Expression Time Profiles Using Gene Ontology

MOTIVATION Microarray technology enables large-scale inference of the participation of genes in biological process from similar expression profiles. Our aim is to induce classificatory models from expression data and biological knowledge that can automatically associate genes with novel hypotheses of biological process. RESULTS We report a systematic supervised learning approach to predicting biological process from time series of gene expression data and biological knowledge. Biological knowledge is expressed using gene ontology and this knowledge is associated with discriminatory expression-based features to form minimal decision rules. The resulting rule model is first evaluated on genes coding for proteins with known biological process roles using cross validation. Then it is used to generate hypotheses for genes for which no knowledge of participation in biological process could be found. The theoretical foundation for the methodology based on rough sets is outlined in the paper, and its practical application demonstrated on a data set previously published by Cho et al. (Nat. Genet., 27, 48-54, 2001). AVAILABILITY The Rosetta system is available at http://www.idi. ntnu.no/~aleks/rosetta. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION http://www.lcb. uu.se/~hvidsten/bioinf_cho/
Protection by nitric oxide against liver inflammatory injury in animals carrying a nitric oxide synthase‐2 transgene

The effect of pre‐existent hepatic NO synthesis on liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide was studied in animals carrying a nitric oxide synthase‐2 (NOS‐2) transgene under the control of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter. These animals expressed NOS‐2 in liver cells under fasting conditions. Lipopolysaccharide‐induced liver injury in D‐galactosamine‐conditioned mice, which enhanced notably the effect of the endotoxin on the liver, was impaired in animals expressing NOS‐2. This protection against inflammatory liver damage was dependent on NO synthesis and was caused by an inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) activity and an impairment of the synthesis of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. These data indicate that intrahepatic synthesis of NO protects liver by inhibiting the release of cascades of proinflammatory mediators and suggest a beneficial role for local delivery of NO in the control of liver injury.
Spotting Rumors via Novelty Detection

Rumour detection is hard because the most accurate systems operate retrospectively, only recognizing rumours once they have collected repeated signals. By then the rumours might have already spread and caused harm. We introduce a new category of features based on novelty, tailored to detect rumours early on. To compensate for the absence of repeated signals, we make use of news wire as an additional data source. Unconfirmed (novel) information with respect to the news articles is considered as an indication of rumours. Additionally we introduce pseudo feedback, which assumes that documents that are similar to previous rumours, are more likely to also be a rumour. Comparison with other real-time approaches shows that novelty based features in conjunction with pseudo feedback perform significantly better, when detecting rumours instantly after their publication.
The distance to IC 4499 from K-band photometry of 32 RR Lyrae stars

Single epoch K-band photometry of 32 RR Lyrae stars in the young galactic globular cluster IC 4499 is presented. The mean magnitudes have been estimated using the K-band template light-curves of Jones et al. (1996). We derive an independent estimate of the distance and reddening for the cluster based on the new -log P-[Fe/H] relation from Bono et al. (2003) which has a zero-point in agreement with the canonical LMC distance of (m - M) 0 = 18.5. For an assumed metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.65 ± 0.1 we find (m - M) 0 = 16.47 ± 0.04 ± 0.06 (random and systematic errors respectively) and E(B - V) = 0.24 ± 0.03 in good agreement with the findings of Walker & Nemec (1996) based on optical data. The distance estimate is very robust to uncertainties in the reddening estimate but naturally depends directly on the adopted zero-point of the -log P-[Fe/H] relation.
Social functioning among college students diagnosed with ADHD and the mediating role of emotion regulation

ABSTRACT Despite the many studies that have documented the association between symptoms of ADHD and social difficulties in children and adolescents, few have examined this phenomenon in college students. In addition, the underlying factors contributing to such social difficulties are still poorly understood. We hypothesised that college students with symptoms of ADHD, namely inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, would continue to display social behavioural difficulties, and that emotion regulation would play a mediating role in that relationship. Ninety-nine 17–24-year-old college students filled out three questionnaires to assess Inattentive and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms, Social Skills, and Emotion Regulation abilities. Analysis revealed that emotion regulation is a significant mediator between Inattentive Symptoms and Social Skills for female students. There was no significant correlation between ADHD symptoms and Social Skills for males. Female college students report social functioning difficulties associated with their inattentive and hyperactive symptoms, and impaired emotion regulation abilities mediate this relationship for inattentive symptoms only.
Concave consumption function and precautionary wealth accumulation

This paper examines the theoretical foundations of precautionary wealth accumulation in a multi-period model where consumers face uninsurable earnings risk and borrowing constraints. We begin by characterizing the consumption function of individual consumers. We show that consumption function is concave when the utility function has strictly positive third derivative and the inverse of absolute prudence is a concave function. These conditions encompass all HARA utility functions with strictly positive third derivative as special cases. We then show that when consumption function is concave, a mean-preserving spread in earnings risk would encourage wealth accumulation at both the individual and aggregate levels.
Evaluation of Ceftriaxone Utilization at Multicenter Study

Background/Aims As bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has grown due to the increasing use of antimicrobial agents, we sought to evaluate the suitability of ceftriaxone usage (representative of third generation cephalosporins) at 10 university hospitals in Korea. Methods We prospectively evaluated the appropriateness of antibiotic usage in 400 adult patients who received ceftriaxone between February 1, 2006 and June 30, 2006. Drug utilization evaluation (DUE) methods were based on standards set forth by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. The DUE criteria used in this study were modified to be more suitable in our hospital setting: justification of drug use, critical and process indications, complications, and outcome measures. Results The average patient age was 64.4 years. The utilization of ceftriaxone was appropriate in 262 cases (65.5%) for the justification of use, while inappropriate use was observed in 138 cases (34.5%). Common reasons for inappropriate use of ceftriaxone included continued empiric use for presumed infections, prophylactic perioperative injection, and empiric therapy for fever. Most of the critical indications showed a high rate of suitability (66.5-98.5%). Complications occurred in 37 cases (9.3%). With respect to outcome measures, clinical responses were observed in 60.7% of cases, while only 15.7% of cases showed evidence of infection eradication via negative cultures. Conclusions Appropriate use (65.5%) of ceftriaxone was higher than inappropriate use (34.5%) at university hospitals in Korea. Inappropriate utilization, however, including continued empiric use for presumed infections and prophylactic perioperative injection remained high. Intensification of educational programs and antibiotic control systems for ceftriaxone is needed to improve the suitability of antimicrobial use.
An Evolving Graph-Based Reliable Routing Scheme for VANETs

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a special form of wireless networks made by vehicles communicating among themselves on roads. The conventional routing protocols proposed for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) work poorly in VANETs. As communication links break more frequently in VANETs than in MANETs, the routing reliability of such highly dynamic networks needs to be paid special attention. To date, very little research has focused on the routing reliability of VANETs on highways. In this paper, we use the evolving graph theory to model the VANET communication graph on a highway. The extended evolving graph helps capture the evolving characteristics of the vehicular network topology and determines the reliable routes preemptively. This paper is the first to propose an evolving graph-based reliable routing scheme for VANETs to facilitate quality-of-service (QoS) support in the routing process. A new algorithm is developed to find the most reliable route in the VANET evolving graph from the source to the destination. We demonstrate, through the simulation results, that our proposed scheme significantly outperforms the related protocols in the literature.
Biology of Culex sitiens, a Predominant Mosquito in Phang Nga, Thailand after a Tsunami

Abstract A tsunami affected area in Phang Nga province, Thailand was explored randomly as some freshwater sites had changed into brackish-water sites. A survey of four areas found Culex sitiens to be the most dominant mosquito species.This mosquito prefers to breed in putrefied water with garbage and it was found in almost every stagnant, brackish-water site in full sunlight. The larval density was more than 300 larvae/dip/250 ml water. Its biting cycle, determined by human landing catch, was nocturnal, with a single peak at 19.00–20.00 hr. The maximum rate was 108 mosquitoes per person/hour. The biology of the mosquito was studied by colonization in natural water under laboratory conditions. The mean number of eggs per raft was 158.1 ± 31.7, hatchability 96.6 ± 4.1%, development from 1st instar larvae to adult was 8.8–11.7 days, and longevity of adult males was 7.3–41.3 days and females 11.0–52.7 days. The ratio of adult males to adult females was 1:1.1 ± 0.2.
The Relationship Between Oxygen Reserve Index and Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen During Surgery

BACKGROUND: The use of intraoperative pulse oximetry (SpO2) enhances hypoxia detection and is associated with fewer perioperative hypoxic events. However, SpO2 may be reported as 98% when arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) is as low as 70 mm Hg. Therefore, SpO2 may not provide advance warning of falling arterial oxygenation until PaO2 approaches this level. Multiwave pulse co-oximetry can provide a calculated oxygen reserve index (ORI) that may add to information from pulse oximetry when SpO2 is >98%. This study evaluates the ORI to PaO2 relationship during surgery. METHODS: We studied patients undergoing scheduled surgery in which arterial catheterization and intraoperative arterial blood gas analysis were planned. Data from multiple pulse co-oximetry sensors on each patient were continuously collected and stored on a research computer. Regression analysis was used to compare ORI with PaO2 obtained from each arterial blood gas measurement and changes in ORI with changes in PaO2 from sequential measurements. Linear mixed-effects regression models for repeated measures were then used to account for within-subject correlation across the repeatedly measured PaO2 and ORI and for the unequal time intervals of PaO2 determination over elapsed surgical time. Regression plots were inspected for ORI values corresponding to PaO2 of 100 and 150 mm Hg. ORI and PaO2 were compared using mixed-effects models with a subject-specific random intercept. RESULTS: ORI values and PaO2 measurements were obtained from intraoperative data collected from 106 patients. Regression analysis showed that the ORI to PaO2 relationship was stronger for PaO2 to 240 mm Hg (r 2 = 0.536) than for PaO2 over 240 mm Hg (r 2 = 0.0016). Measured PaO2 was ≥100 mm Hg for all ORI over 0.24. Measured PaO2 was ≥150 mm Hg in 96.6% of samples when ORI was over 0.55. A random intercept variance component linear mixed-effects model for repeated measures indicated that PaO2 was significantly related to ORI (&bgr;[95% confidence interval] = 0.002 [0.0019–0.0022]; P < 0.0001). A similar analysis indicated a significant relationship between change in PaO2 and change in ORI (&bgr; [95% confidence interval] = 0.0044 [0.0040–0.0048]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ORI >0.24 can distinguish PaO2 ≥100 mm Hg when SpO2 is over 98%. Similarly, ORI > 0.55 appears to be a threshold to distinguish PaO2 ≥150 mm Hg. The usefulness of these values should be evaluated prospectively. Decreases in ORI to near 0.24 may provide advance indication of falling PaO2 approaching 100 mm Hg when SpO2 is >98%. The clinical utility of interventions based on continuous ORI monitoring should be studied prospectively.
Characterization of errors in compositing panoramic images

In this paper we describe the effect of errors in the intrinsic camera parameters on reconstructed panoramic images. A panoramic image is created by first capturing a sequence of images while rotating the camera about a vertical axis a full 360/spl deg/. The subsequent steps are projecting the original rectilinear images onto cylindrical surfaces and compositing them to form the panoramic image. Our analysis has led to a technique that allows simultaneous recovery of the camera focal length and properly composited panoramic images. The correct focal length can be determined by iterating the processes of projecting the original rectilinear images onto cylindrical surfaces given an estimate of the focal length and compositing the resulting images to yield an increasingly better estimate of the focal length. This paper shows that the convergence towards the correct focal length is exponential.
A state space approach to the estimation of multi-factor affine stochastic volatility option pricing models

We propose a class of stochastic volatility (SV) option pricing models that is more flexible than the more conventional models in different ways. We assume the conditional variance of the stock returns to be driven by an affine function of an arbitrary number of latent factors, which follow mean-reverting Markov diffusions. This set-up, for which we got the inspiration from the literature on the term structure of interest rates, allows us to empirically investigate if volatilities are driven by more than one factor. We derive a call pricing formula for this class. Next, we propose a method to estimate the parameters of such models based on the Kalman filter and smoother, exploiting both the time series and cross-section information inherent in the options and the underlying simultaneously. We argue that this method may be considered an attractive alternative to the efficient method of moments (EMM). We use data on the FTSE100 index to illustrate the method. We provide promising estimation results for a 1-factor model in which the factor follows an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The results indicate that the method seems to work well. Diagnostic checks show evidence of there being more than one factor that drives the volatility, indicate the existence of level-dependent volatility, and provide an incentive to consider realized volatility in future empirical analysis.
Double Pyrolysis of Chrome Tanned Leather Solid Waste for Safe Disposal and Products Recovery

Disposal of chrome tanned leather waste (CTLW) generated in leather processing industries has many environmental implications. This paper presents a double pyrolysis (PI & PII) method to dispose hazardous chrome tanned leather solid waste by converting it into useful products. When CTLW was subjected to double pyrolysis, three major products obtained were; (i) an energy enriched combustible gas (32.01% - PI & 42.45% - PII ); (ii) a high fraction condensate (33.32% (PI & PII)) and (iii) a carbonaceous residual ash containing trivalent chromium (34.67%- PI & 24.23% -PII). In addi-tion, 2.73% of liquid fuel, 75.24% of nitrogen enriched liquid and 22.03% distillate tar as sub-products from the high fraction condensate. SEM, GC-MS, 1H & 13C NMR and TGA revealed that the products were free from toxic chromium species and contains both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The residual ash displayed high thermal stability when run under nitrogen atmosphere (simulating 1st pyrolysis). The observations on generation of no toxic compounds upon double pyrolysis, suggests the suitability of this process towards achieving safe disposal of hazardous leather solid waste and to re-cover useful products
Focusing on guiding principles of quality to redesign educational institutions

The need for quality education is the single most important issue in education today. Many educators maintain that quality management (QM) can fulfil the need for improvement by providing a structured, systematic strategy to address quality in the education sector. This strategy is based on QM principles that have already been used successfully to improve products and services in business and industry. The way in which the guiding principles of commitment of leadership, focus on the customer, total involvement, a measurement system, and continuous improvement can be applied to education are explained in this article.
Development and Evaluation of New Microemulsion-Based Hydrogel Formulations for Topical Delivery of Fluconazole

The aim of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate microemulsion-loaded hydrogels (MEHs) for the topical delivery of fluconazole (FZ). The solubility of FZ in oils, surfactants and cosurfactants was evaluated to identify the components of the microemulsion. The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed using the novel phase diagram by micro-plate dilution method. Carbopol EDT 2020 was used to convert FZ-loaded microemulsions into gel form without affecting their structure. The selected microemulsions were assessed for globule size, zeta potential and polidispersity index. Besides this, the microemulsion-loaded hydrogel (MEH) formulations were evaluated for drug content, pH, rheological properties and in vitro drug release through synthetic membrane and excised pig ear skin in comparison with a conventional hydrogel. The optimised MEH FZ formulations consisting of FZ 2%, Transcutol P 11.5% and 11%, respectively, as oil phase, Lansurf SML 20-propyleneglycol 52% and 50%, respectively, as surfactant–cosurfactant (2:1), Carbopol EDT 2020 1.5% as gelling agent and water 34.5% and 37%, respectively, showed highest flux values and high release rate values, and furthermore, they had low surfactant content. The in vitro FZ permeation through synthetic membrane and excised pig ear skin from the studied MEHs was best described by the zero-order and first-order models. Finally, the optimised MEH FZ formulations showed similar or slightly higher antifungal activity as compared to that of conventional hydrogel and Nizoral® cream, respectively. The results suggest the potential use of developed MEHs as vehicles for topical delivery of FZ, encouraging further in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
INTEGRAL detection of the pulsar wind nebula in PSR J1846–0258

Aims: we communicate the detection of soft (20-200 keV) -rays from the pulsar and pulsar wind nebula of PSR J1846-0258 and aim to identify the component of the system which is responsible for the -ray emission. Methods: we combine spectral information from the INTEGRAL -ray mission with archival data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory to pinpoint the source of soft -ray emission. Results: Our analysis shows that the soft -rays detected from PSR J1846-0258 include emission from both the pulsar and the pulsar wind nebula, but the measured spectral shape is dominated by the pulsar wind nebula. We discuss PSR J1846-0258 in the context of rotation-powered pulsars with high magnetic field strengths and review the anomalously high fraction of spin-down luminosity converted into X- and -ray emission in light of a possible overestimate of the distance to this pulsar.
QOS SERVICE ROUTING FOR SUPPORTING MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS

Based on the distributed and composable service model, the QoS service routing problem for supporting multimedia applications has emerged. Different from the conventional QoS data routing, QoS service routing presents additional challenges caused by the service availability, service dependency, and resource requirement heterogeneity issues, which make solutions for QoS data routing inapplicable to QoS service routing. Existing solutions for addressing this problem are either not generic enough or not integrated (service configuration selection is done separately from service path finding), so that they either become inapplicable to new environments/metrics or the computed paths are sub-optimal. This paper presents a generic and integrated approach for computing optimal service paths, and shows an aggregate performance function that optimizes several routing metrics at the same time. We adopt a global-view approach, so that service paths can be computed quickly in a single node, without flooding the network. The simulation performances show that is superior, and integrating service configuration selection with service path finding is desirable. keywords: QoS, service routing, overlay networks
The Health and Well-being of Service User and Carer Educators: a Narrative Enquiry into the Impact of Involvement in Healthcare Education

Service user and carer involvement is increasing in health and social care educationas a result of UK policy directives and Professional Statutory and Regulatory Body requirements. The study aimed to elicit the accounts of service user and carer educators' experiences in practice-based healthcare education in the UK. The overall aim was to illustrate the impact this has had on their health and well-being. A narrative inquiry approach was adopted in order to give a clearer and stronger voice to service users and carers by making their experience the primary focus of enquiry. Narratives were collected from five service users and carers who had extensive experience of involvement in healthcare education. The individual narrative material obtained was distilled into key points following a naturalistic perspective, ensuring that the findings and final story were a re-presentation of the narrator's experience. Participating in the research enabled the service users and carers to articulate specifically how involvement had positively affected their health and well-being. An additional outcome included the personal artefacts that can be utilised in teaching and learning in order to bring the service user and carer voice to life. This study contributes to the emerging knowledge and understanding that service user and carer involvement in health education can be a truly collaborative, enriching experience, producing profound personal change, with improvements in health and well-being. Effective involvement is dependent upon appropriate support networks whereby service users and carers develop connections with staff and other service users and carers that result in a sense of belonging.
A new viral marketing strategy with the competition in the large-scale online social networks

The problem of Influence Maximization (IM) on social networks proposed firstly by Kempe et al. (2003) has been researched and developed with many cases. However, the IM in limited time while unwanted users are restricted is still a new potential subject. In this paper, we conducted the research over model of information diffusion named Locally Bounded Diffusion and tested some useful heuristic algorithms. The results of the experiment on some real datasets of social networks show that the algorithm meta-heuristic generated better output than the others.