Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enacting open disclosure in the UK National Health Service: A qualitative exploration

BACKGROUND Open and honest discussion between healthcare providers and patients and families affected by error is considered to be a central feature of high quality and safer patient care, evidenced by the implementation of open disclosure policies and guidance internationally. This paper discusses the perceived enablers that UK doctors and nurses report as facilitating the enactment of open disclosure. METHODS Semistructured interviews with 13 doctors and 22 nurses from a range of levels and specialities from 5 national health service hospitals and primary care trusts in the UK were conducted and analysed using a framework approach. RESULTS Five themes were identified which appear to capture the factors that are critical in supporting open disclosure: open disclosure as a moral and professional duty, positive past experiences, perceptions of reduced litigation, role models and guidance, and clarity. CONCLUSION Greater openness in relation to adverse events requires health professionals to recognise candour as a professional and moral duty, exemplified in the behaviour of senior clinicians and that seems more likely to occur in a nonpunitive, learning environment. Recognising incident disclosure as part of ongoing respectful and open communication with patients throughout their care is critical.
USING A MEANING-CENTRED LEADERSHIP MODEL TO IGNITE A FIELD OF INSPIRED CONNECTIONS IN YOUTH LEADERS

This article investigated whether teaching student leaders about the Meaning- Centred Leadership Model results in a significant improvement in their leadership potentials. The participants consisted of two groups of student leaders (N=18) from a satellite campus of a university of technology in South Africa. The article utilised both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was collected using Purpose in Life Test (PIL) and Youth Leadership Test (YLT). In addition, qualitative data was collected on the participants’ subjective experience of development in leadership potential. A non-equivalent control group design was employed. A ‘repeated measures’ t-test was used. The qualitative data was analysed by means of themes. The findings from this article indicate that a meaning-centred leadership model can be used to inspire young people in their leadership development. The levels of meaning of student leaders in the experimental group were significantly better after the intervention than before. In addition, there was a significant increase in the leadership aptitude of student leaders in the experimental group after the meaning-centred leadership model. Notable differences were also observed between the two groups, in the sense that the Purpose in Life and Youth Leadership Test scores of participants in the experimental group was significantly better after the intervention than before. The findings indicate that it is possible to inspire youth leaders in their leadership development for meaning by means of a meaning-centred leadership model, and that this helps in their transformational self-knowledge.
Highly Emissive Divalent-Ion-Doped Colloidal CsPb1–xMxBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals through Cation Exchange

Colloidal CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising phosphors and solar cell materials due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. These properties can be tailored by not only controlling the size and shape of the NCs but also postsynthetic composition tuning through topotactic anion exchange. In contrast, property control by cation exchange is still underdeveloped for colloidal CsPbX3 NCs. Here, we present a method that allows partial cation exchange in colloidal CsPbBr3 NCs, whereby Pb2+ is exchanged for several isovalent cations, resulting in doped CsPb1–xMxBr3 NCs (M= Sn2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+; 0 < x ≤ 0.1), with preservation of the original NC shape. The size of the parent NCs is also preserved in the product NCs, apart from a small (few %) contraction of the unit cells upon incorporation of the guest cations. The partial Pb2+ for M2+ exchange leads to a blue-shift of the optical spectra, while maintaining the high photoluminescence quantum yields (>50%), sharp absorption features, and narrow emission of the parent CsPbBr3 NCs. The blue-shift in the optical spectra is attributed to the lattice contraction that accompanies the Pb2+ for M2+ cation exchange and is observed to scale linearly with the lattice contraction. This work opens up new possibilities to engineer the properties of halide perovskite NCs, which to date are demonstrated to be the only known system where cation and anion exchange reactions can be sequentially combined while preserving the original NC shape, resulting in compositionally diverse perovskite NCs.
Effectiveness of a computerised system of patient education in clinical practice: a longitudinal nested cohort study

Introduction Developing electronic health record information systems is an international trend for promoting the integration of health information and enhancing the quality of medical services. Patient education is a frequent intervention in nursing care, and recording the amount and quality of patient education have become essential in the nursing record. The aims of this study are (1): to develop a high-quality Patient Education Assessment and Description Record System (PEADRS) in the electronic medical record (2); to examine the effectiveness of the PEADRS on documentation and nurses’ satisfaction (3); to facilitate communication and cooperation between professionals. Methods and analysis A quasi-experimental design and random sampling will be used. The participants are nurses who are involved in patient education by using traditional record or the PEADRS at a medical centre. A prospective longitudinal nested cohort study will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of the PEADRS, including (1): the length of nursing documentation (2); satisfaction with using the PEADRS; and (3) the benefit to professional cooperation. Ethics and dissemination Patient privacy will be protected according to Electronic Medical Record Management Practices of the hospital. This study develops a patient education digital record system, which would profit the quality of clinical practice in health education. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at scientific conferences.
Price-Based Resource Allocation for Edge Computing: A Market Equilibrium Approach

The emerging edge computing paradigm promises to deliver superior user experience and enable a wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this paper, we propose a new market-based framework for efficiently allocating resources of heterogeneous capacity-limited edge nodes (EN) to multiple competing services at the network edge. By properly pricing the geographically distributed ENs, the proposed framework generates a market equilibrium (ME) solution that not only maximizes the edge computing resource utilization but also allocates optimal resource bundles to the services given their budget constraints. When the utility of a service is defined as the maximum revenue that the service can achieve from its resource allotment, the equilibrium can be computed centrally by solving the Eisenberg-Gale (EG) convex program. We further show that the equilibrium allocation is Pareto-optimal and satisfies desired fairness properties including sharing incentive, proportionality, and envy-freeness. Also, two distributed algorithms, which efficiently converge to an ME, are introduced. When each service aims to maximize its net profit (i.e., revenue minus cost) instead of the revenue, we derive a novel convex optimization problem and rigorously prove that its solution is exactly an ME. Extensive numerical results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
The Efficiency of Tat Cell Penetrating Peptide for Intracellular Uptake of HIV-1 Nef Expressed in E. coli and Mammalian Cell.

BACKGROUND Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domains (PTDs) have been known as a new field in cargo delivery. These peptides such as Tat, Pep-1 and Cady-2 are able to deliver genes and biologically active proteins to cytoplasmic compartments via the plasma membrane. METHODS In current study, the efficiency of pEGFP-N1 eukaryotic vector for expression of HIV-1 Tat- Nef fusion was evaluated in HEK-293T cells using TurboFect transfection reagent. In addition, the recombinant GST-Tat-Nef protein was generated in E. coli and transfected using two amphipathic CPPs (Pep-1 and Cady-2) into mammalian cells. The size and morphology of the CPP/GST-Tat-Nef complexes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zetasizer, and SDS-PAGE. The transfection of HIV-1 GST-Tat-Nef protein was also analyzed using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. RESULTS Our data indicated that the recombinant GST-Tat-Nef protein generated in BL21 strain migrated as a clear band of ~ 52 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The results of SEM and Zetasizer confirmed the formation of protein/ Pep-1 or protein/ Cady-2 nanoparticles less than 200 nm in diameter. Tat CPP fused to Nef protein could deliver the recombinant Nef protein alone and notably by forming the noncovalent complexes with TurboFect, Pep-1 and Cady-2 as detected in western blotting. Moreover, intracellular uptake of Tat-Nef gene and subsequently its expression in mammalian cells was considerably higher than that for Nef gene. CONCLUSION This data indicated that the Tat gene sequence could also increase the transfection of Nef gene in vitro. Generally, the Tat-Nef interaction led to enhance further gene expression and also protein delivery.
Immuno-oncology comes of age-introduction.

T he history of cancer immunotherapy dates back to 1890 when Coley first demonstrated that bacterial products, he coined “Coley toxins,” could induce regression of established inoperable tumors. When Coley’s work was finally published in 1953, it sparked the beginning of cancer immunotherapy and led to the application of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for the treatment of solid tumors, such as bladder cancer, in the 1960s. Henceforth, research scientists have been striving to devise ways to reproducibly stimulate an effective anti-tumor immune response for the treatment of cancer. The next major milestones in immunotherapy came in the 1970s and 1980s with the discovery of cytokines such as interferon alpha (IFN-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), identification of the first tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), development of tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and the first successful application of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) to treat cancer. Clinical studies demonstrated that stimulating the antitumor immune response with immunomodulatory cytokines such as IFN-α or IL-2 could mediate regression of established tumors. These data ultimately led to regulatory approval of IFN-α2 for hairy cell leukemia in 1986 and recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in 1992 and metastatic melanoma in 1998. Among patients with advanced metastatic melanoma treated with highdose rIL-2, 5%– 10% experienced durable complete responses and many remained disease-free more than 20 years later. However, treatment with high-dose rIL2 did not improve overall survival and presents many challenges, including severe toxicity. Unfortunately, to this day, it remains unclear why a small percentage of patients benefit while the vast majority do not. No biomarker of response has ever been identified. During this time, landmark research was being conducted at the National Cancer Institute to isolate and characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which could now be grown ex vivo with IL-2. The culmination of this research led to the
Increased All-cause Mortality, Total Cardiovascular Disease and Morbidity in Hospitalized Elderly Patients with Orthostatic Hypotension.

Background: Orthostatic hypotension is a common finding in elderly patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Known risk factors for orthostatic hypotension are age, multiple medications, smoking, low BMI, hypertension and diabetes. Most of the knowledge on orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular endpoints and mortality comes from prospective cohort data and there are few clinical studies performed in the very elderly. Methods: From 2014 to May 2017 a team composed of a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist supervised by a medical doctor visited newly hospitalized patients at Lund’s University Hospital. The team measured BMI, blood pressure, pulse, saturation and registered the patients’ age, sex, number and types of medications and symptoms for admittance. They were also able to register blood tests taken, the patients’ final diagnosis, the number of days in hospital, the number of medications at discharge, the number of re-hospitalizations and the number of deaths at follow-up after 6 months. Patients with complete blood pressure measurements both in the lying position and standing position were included in our study (n=210). These patients were divided into two groups, the orthostatic hypotension group (OH-group, n=119) and the normotensive group (NT-group, n=91). The division was made based on the generally accepted definition of orthostatic hypotension. Calculations for comparison in-between the two groups were done using the Student’s T-test or Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables and the Pearsons Chi-square test for dichotomous variables. Results: During follow-up 14 of 91 patients died in the NT-group compared to 32 of 119 in the OH-group (p<0,05). At discharge 41 of 91 patient had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease in the NT-group compared to 70 of 119 patients in the OH-group (p<0,05). The patients in the NT-group stayed at the hospital for a mean of 8,38 days compared to the patients from the OH-group whom stayed for a mean of 9,86 days (p<0,05). Conclusions: This study has shown that there is increased cardiovascular disease, morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with orthostatic hypotension compared to patients without orthostatic hypotension in a hospital setting. The study results indicate the importance of taking orthostatic blood pressure tests in elderly patients.
Cognitive and learning styles of the Faculty of Engineering and Technology students: University of Botswana

This study was conducted to determine whether University of Botswana admissions criteria and students learning styles were predictors of academic performance and degree completion at the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. Field dependence/field independence is a dimension of cognitive style that influences students learning styles. The Group Embedded Figures Test was administered to 77 University of Botswana second year engineering and technology students. The students' Grade Point Average score and the Group Embedded Figures Test were used for analysis to determine students' achievement scores against their cognitive learning styles. SPSS was used in the analysis stage. The results indicate that the Faculty of Engineering and Technology attracts the right calibre of students as the majority of them were highly field independent (analytic), but their academic performance in terms of the Grade Point Average was rather moderate due to a number of factors, such as lack of motivation.
Access Types Effect on Internet Video Services and Its Implications on CDN Caching

Video providers heavily rely on geographically distributed content distribution networks (CDNs) to place video content as close to users as possible, with an aim of improving video quality and avoiding single point of failure at the server side. The effectiveness of CDNs is mostly dependent on the content consumption patterns. Currently, video providers are offering access to content from different platforms (e.g., mobile devices and PC clients), which might result in distinct video content consumption patterns and finally affect the efficiency of CDN caching. Nevertheless, the access type effect on Internet videos is not well understood. In this paper, using a data set consisting of 26 million video requests of a large-scale commercial video-on-demand system, we study the effect of three main access types, i.e., proprietary software on PC clients, Web browser, and mobile apps. Several observations suggest that access types should be considered carefully in CDN design. In particular, the user engagement, user interests in content, and video popularity dynamics patterns, three important factors for video caching, vary remarkably in the three access types. Leveraging off our findings, we propose an access type-aware CDN caching system that associates a cache for each access type and also several optimizations, including partial caching of videos based on chunk-level caching, cross-platform read-only cache access, and prefiltering of the least popular videos. Trace-driven simulations demonstrate that the access type-aware CDN caching achieves high cache hit rate and, more importantly, greatly reduces the disk load that is measured by the number of cache replacement operations.
Daily energy expenditure of free‐living male Wood Mice in different habitats and seasons

1. The daily energy expenditure of free-living adult male Wood Mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, from deciduous woodland and maritime sand-dune was estimated using the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique and time–energy budget models. 2. Method of calculation had a small effect on the calculated energy demands. There were no significant differences in energy expenditure across sites or seasons despite large differences in home range among mice from different sites. Mice in winter, and on the sand-dunes, had lower body masses, which offset the effects of larger home ranges and colder temperatures. 3. The daily energy expenditure for a Wood Mouse of mean body mass (20·5 g) was 67·9 kJ day–1 (n = 19) This was comparable to other similar size rodents (slightly higher), and did not deviate significantly from allometric predictions. 4. Variation in daily energy expenditure among individuals was not explained by ambient temperature, home range size, body mass, change in body mass, time spent active and the distance or speed of travel. 5. Sustainable metabolic rates approximated to five times basal metabolism and were within the range previously reported but higher than most other estimates of free-living energy demands. 6. Rates of water influx and efflux were significantly greater for Wood Mice on the sand-dunes (influx, 9·3 ± 1·14 ml day–1, efflux, 10·2 ± 1·10 ml day–1) than for animals in the woodland (influx, 6·3 ± 0·48 ml day–1, efflux, 6·2 ± 0·47 ml day–1). This was probably due to differences in the water content of their diets (seed in woodland and invertebrate on the sand-dunes). 7. The time–energy budget models yielded estimates of energy expenditure considerably lower than the doubly labelled water estimate. Potential reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
CT-SRCNN: Cascade Trained and Trimmed Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Super Resolution

We propose methodologies to train highly accurate and efficient deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image super resolution (SR). A cascade training approach to deep learning is proposed to improve the accuracy of the neural networks while gradually increasing the number of network layers. Next, we explore how to improve the SR efficiency by making the network slimmer. Two methodologies, the one-shot trimming and the cascade trimming, are proposed. With the cascade trimming, the network's size is gradually reduced layer by layer, without significant loss on its discriminative ability. Experiments on benchmark image datasets show that our proposed SR network achieves the state-of-the-art super resolution accuracy, while being more than 4 times faster compared to existing deep super resolution networks.
Just Spaces: Does Courtroom Design Affect How the Defendant Is Perceived?

A variety of factors beyond the evidence itself have been shown to influence jurors’ perceptions. One potentially biasing factor that has not received much attention is the design of the courtroom. This exploratory study examined the effect of courtroom design, and more specifically where the defendant was positioned (in an open dock, in an open dock guarded by a correctional officer, in a dock surrounded by glass, or at the bar table) on mock jurors’ perceptions of the defendant. The participants (n = 258) described the defendant in more negative terms when the defendant was portrayed in either an open dock, glass dock, or in the presence of a correctional officer compared to when the defendant was portrayed as sitting at the bar table with the defence counsel.
The Death Receptor 3–TNF-like protein 1A pathway drives adverse bone pathology in inflammatory arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of synovial joints that is associated with cartilage and bone destruction. Death Receptor 3 (DR3), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member, has recently been associated with the pathogenesis of RA. We demonstrate that absence of DR3 confers resistance to the development of adverse bone pathology in experimental antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). DR3ko mice exhibited a reduction in all histopathological hallmarks of AIA but, in particular, failed to develop subchondral bone erosions and were completely protected from this characteristic of AIA. In contrast, TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A), the ligand for DR3, exacerbated disease in a dose- and DR3-dependent fashion. Analysis of osteoclast number within AIA joint revealed a reduction in areas susceptible to bone erosion in DR3ko mice, whereas in vitro osteoclastogenesis assays showed that TL1A could directly promote osteoclastogenesis in mouse and man. Treatment with antagonistic anti-TL1A mAb protected animals in a systemic model of RA disease collagen-induced arthritis. We therefore conclude that the DR3–TL1A pathway regulates joint destruction in two murine models of arthritis and represents a potential novel target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory joint disease.
MC-GAN: Multi-conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Image Synthesis

In this paper, we introduce a new method for generating an object image from text attributes on a desired location, when the base image is given. One step further to the existing studies on text-to-image generation mainly focusing on the object's appearance, the proposed method aims to generate an object image preserving the given background information, which is the first attempt in this field. To tackle the problem, we propose a multi-conditional GAN (MC-GAN) which controls both the object and background information jointly. As a core component of MC-GAN, we propose a synthesis block which disentangles the object and background information in the training stage. This block enables MC-GAN to generate a realistic object image with the desired background by controlling the amount of the background information from the given base image using the foreground information from the text attributes. From the experiments with Caltech-200 bird and Oxford-102 flower datasets, we show that our model is able to generate photo-realistic images with a resolution of 128 x 128. The source code of MC-GAN is released.