Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coordination of Multiple Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Using Strategies Based on the Schooling Behaviour of Fish

Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (BAUVs) are Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that employ similar propulsion and steering principles as real fish. While the real life applicability of these vehicles has yet to be fully investigated, laboratory investigations have demonstrated that at low speeds, the propulsive mechanism of these vehicles is more efficient when compared with propeller based AUVs. Furthermore, these vehicles have also demonstrated superior manoeuvrability characteristics when compared with conventional AUVs and Underwater Glider Systems (UGSs). Further performance benefits can be achieved through coordination of multiple BAUVs swimming in formation. In this study, the coordination strategy is based on the schooling behaviour of fish, which is a decentralized approach that allows multiple AUVs to be self-organizing. Such a strategy can be effectively utilized for large spatiotemporal data collection for oceanic monitoring and surveillance purposes. A validated mathematical model of the BAUV developed at the University of Glasgow, RoboSalmon, is used to represent the agents within a school formation. The performance of the coordination algorithm is assessed through simulation where system identification techniques are employed to improve simulation run time while ensuring accuracy is maintained. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of implementing coordination algorithms based on the behavioural mechanisms of fish to allow a group of BAUVs to be considered self-organizing.
β-Amyloid accumulation in the human brain after one night of sleep deprivation

Significance There has been an emerging interest in sleep and its association with β-amyloid burden as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the evidence that acute sleep deprivation elevates β-amyloid levels in mouse interstitial fluid and in human cerebrospinal fluid, not much is known about the impact of sleep deprivation on β-amyloid burden in the human brain. Using positron emission tomography, here we show that acute sleep deprivation impacts β-amyloid burden in brain regions that have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Our observations provide preliminary evidence for the negative effect of sleep deprivation on β-amyloid burden in the human brain. The effects of acute sleep deprivation on β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance in the human brain have not been documented. Here we used PET and 18F-florbetaben to measure brain Aβ burden (ABB) in 20 healthy controls tested after a night of rested sleep (baseline) and after a night of sleep deprivation. We show that one night of sleep deprivation, relative to baseline, resulted in a significant increase in Aβ burden in the right hippocampus and thalamus. These increases were associated with mood worsening following sleep deprivation, but were not related to the genetic risk (APOE genotype) for Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, baseline ABB in a range of subcortical regions and the precuneus was inversely associated with reported night sleep hours. APOE genotyping was also linked to subcortical ABB, suggesting that different Alzheimer’s disease risk factors might independently affect ABB in nearby brain regions. In summary, our findings show adverse effects of one-night sleep deprivation on brain ABB and expand on prior findings of higher Aβ accumulation with chronic less sleep.
A Detailed Comparison among Dry, Wet and Gas Cooled Machining of Super Duplex Stainless Steel

In this paper, a detailed comparison between dry, wet and gas-cooled turning has been presented based on experimental study. Machining of super duplex stainless steel is considered. Cutting tool considered in this paper is uncoated carbide tool. The machining performances like tool wear, surface roughness, cutting zone temperature and the force acted along x axis have been considered during turning operation. Taguchi design of experiments is adopted and the response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the machining parameters like cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. Confirmation tests wereconducted at an optimal condition to make a comparison between the experimental results and the predicted values. It was observed that gas cooled machining provides a better machining performance while compared with the dry and the wet machining. Gas cooled machining is particularly needed in case of high speed machining and hard turning.
OMIP‐044: 28‐color immunophenotyping of the human dendritic cell compartment

This work describes the first 30-parameter immunophenotyping of the human dendritic cell (DC) compartment using fluorescent-based flow cytometry. The optimized panel allows for simultaneous detection of 21 myeloid-centric markers distinguishing all canonical DC subsets, with parallel enumeration of monocytes, T and B cells as well as NK cells. Thus, this panel will be useful for extensive phenotyping of immune cells from a variety of human samples limited in size.
Characterisation of Manganese Furnace Dust and Zinc Balance in Production of Manganese Alloys

Manganese furnace dust is made up of volatiles and raw materials fines collected from the off-gas during smelting of manganese alloys. Currently, manganese furnace dust is accumulated in large settling ponds. Major factors preventing recycling of the manganese furnace dust to the ferroalloy furnaces are handling, due to its tar content, and accumulation of zinc in the furnaces, which can cause irregularities in their operation. This paper presents characteristics of manganese furnace dust generated in ferromanganese and silicomanganese production at Tasmanian Electrometallurgical Company and analyses zinc balances in light of furnace dust recycling. If manganese furnace dust is recycled to the ferroalloy furnaces via the sinter plant, the overall zinc input will increase by 51-143 % depending on charging materials.
An Experimental and Analytical Study of Delamination of Unidirectional Specimens with Cut Central Plies

The effect of various factors on delamination has been studied using uni directional glass fibre and carbon fibre-epoxy specimens with cut central plies. It is con cluded that the fracture energy is not a material constant. Among the various factors which affect the fracture energy, the specimen thickness and the through thickness normal stress are the two most significant ones. A simple model is proposed to take account of these two factors. The new model gives excellent correlation with experimental results and is able to account for the effect of through thickness compressive stresses in mode II fracture, which is ignored in conventional fracture mechanics calculations.
The Importance of Smoothness Constraints on Spectral Object Reflectances when Modeling Metamer Mismatching

This paper analyzes the influence of multi-spectral imaging onto the severity of metamer mismatching, in particular in the context of color-accuracy of machine vision. Camera signals associated with simulated as well as real world multi-spectral imaging systems when viewing different objects under different lighting conditions were calculated. Based on the calculated camera signals, the associated MMBs were computed when changing towards the CIE standard observer under illuminant D65. The results show that an increased number ofchannels used in multi-spectral imaging systems do not necessarily decrease the severity of metamer mismatching. However, it is also shown that this is due to the limited capabilities of current image acquisition models which are not able to correctly compute a realistic MMB as they neglect any smoothness constraints on spectral object reflectances.
Effect of interrupted motion on the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating nickel–titanium instruments

AIM To compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of WaveOne Gold (Denstply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), WaveOne (Dentsply Sirona) and Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) in interrupted reciprocation. METHODOLOGY Three groups of 18 instruments each of WaveOne Gold Primary, WaveOne Primary and Reciproc R25 were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests in reciprocation and interrupted reciprocation. The instruments in group 1 were tested in reciprocation, whereas in groups 2 and 3, reciprocation was interrupted for 1 s in every 5 s and 10 s, respectively. Cyclic fatigue resistance was tested using dynamic test devices in stainless steel, curved canals (60°, r = 5 mm) until fracture, and the time to fracture values were recorded. The lengths of the fractured tips were also recorded, and fractured surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests. RESULTS The cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Gold Primary was not affected by the interruptions (P > 0.05) and exhibited significantly greater cyclic fatigue resistance than WaveOne Primary and Reciproc R25 in all groups (P < 0.05). Interruptions reduced the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Primary and Reciproc R25 significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Interrupted reciprocation reduced the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary. The cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Gold Primary was greater than that of WaveOne Primary and was not dependent on the occurrence of interruptions.
What do Providers Want to Know about Opioid Prescribing? A Qualitative Analysis of Their Questions

Background: In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) responded to the opioid crisis with a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, requiring manufacturers of extended-release/long-acting opioids to fund continuing medical education based on the “FDA Blueprint for Prescriber Education. ” Topics in the Blueprint are “Assessing Patients for Treatment,” “Initiating Therapy, Modifying Dosing, and Discontinuing Use,” “Managing Therapy,” “Counseling Patients and Caregivers about Safe Use,” “General Drug Information,” and “Specific Drug Information. ” Based on the FDA Blueprint, Boston University School of Medicine's “Safe and Competent Opioid Prescribing Education” (SCOPE of Pain) offers live trainings for physicians and other prescribers. During trainings, participants submit written questions about the curriculum and/or their clinical experiences. Methods: The objective was to compare themes that arose from questions asked by SCOPE of Pain participants with content of the FDA Blueprint in order to evaluate how well the Blueprint answers prescribers’ concerns. The authors conducted qualitative analyses of all 1309 questions submitted by participants in 29 trainings across 16 states from May 2013 to May 2015, using conventional content analysis to code the questions. Themes that emerged from participants’ questions were then compared with the Blueprint. Results: Most themes fell into the topic categories of the Blueprint. Five main themes diverged: Participants sought information on (1) safe alternatives to opioids, (2) overcoming barriers to safe opioid prescribing, (3) government regulations of opioid prescribing, (4) the role of marijuana in opioid prescribing, and (5) maintaining a positive provider-patient relationship while prescribing opioids. Conclusions: In addition to learning the mechanics of safe opioid prescribing, providers want to understand government regulations and effective patient communication skills. Aware of the limitations of opioids in managing chronic pain, providers seek advice on alternatives therapies. Future updates to the FDA Blueprint and other educational guidelines on opioid prescribing should address providers’ additional questions.
A Reductions Approach to Fair Classification

We present a systematic approach for achieving fairness in a binary classification setting. While we focus on two well-known quantitative definitions of fairness, our approach encompasses many other previously studied definitions as special cases. The key idea is to reduce fair classification to a sequence of cost-sensitive classification problems, whose solutions yield a randomized classifier with the lowest (empirical) error subject to the desired constraints. We introduce two reductions that work for any representation of the cost-sensitive classifier and compare favorably to prior baselines on a variety of data sets, while overcoming several of their disadvantages.
SNCA, a novel biomarker for Group 4 medulloblastomas, can inhibit tumor invasion and induce apoptosis

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. It contains at least four distinct molecular subgroups. The aim of this study is to explore novel diagnostic and potential therapeutic markers within each subgroup of MB, in particular within Group 4, the largest subgroup, to facilitate diagnosis together with gene therapy. One hundred and six MB samples were examined. Tumor subtype was evaluated with the NanoString assay. Several novel tumor related genes were shown to have high subgroup sensitivity and specificity, including PDGFRA, FGFR1, and ALK in the WNT group, CCND1 in the SHH group, and α‐synuclein (SNCA) in Group 4. Knockdown and overexpression assays of SNCA revealed the ability of this gene to inhibit tumor invasion and induce apoptosis. Methylation‐specific PCR and pyrosequencing analysis showed that epigenetic mechanisms, rather than DNA hypermethylation, might play the key role in the regulation of SNCA expression in MB tumors. In conclusion, we identify SNCA as a novel diagnostic biomarker for Group 4 MB. Some other subgroup signature genes have also been found as candidate therapeutic targets for this tumor.
What happens to unprepared root canal walls: a correlative analysis using micro‐computed tomography and histology/scanning electron microscopy

AIM To microscopically examine the cleanliness of root canal walls that remained unprepared as revealed by micro-CT. METHODOLOGY The root canals of 10 freshly extracted mandibular premolars with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis along with the mesiobuccal canals of 11 mandibular molars with vital pulps were prepared using Reciproc instruments R40 and R25, respectively, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Specimens were scanned in micro-CT before and after preparation, and the unprepared areas were identified. The outer root surface corresponding to the untouched areas was marked on each root third to guide further analysis using histological (for teeth with vital pulps) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM; for necrotic teeth) examination. In the teeth with vital pulps, the root canal area occupied by tissue remnants was calculated. In SEM analysis of teeth with necrotic pulps, scores were attributed for the amount of debris on the untouched areas. RESULTS The proportion of unprepared areas in the mesiobuccal molar canals was 18.1% and 9.6% over the full canal length and apical canal, respectively. In premolars, corresponding figures were 34.6% and 17.6%, respectively. Histological analysis of canals with vital pulps revealed tissue remnants over the untouched walls almost exclusively in the apical canal. SEM analysis of the canals with necrotic pulps revealed debris along the untouched walls in all root canal thirds. CONCLUSION The areas that remain untouched by Reciproc instruments used with 2.5% NaOCl irrigation as revealed by micro-CT analysis were usually covered with debris, in the form of pulp tissue remnants, bacteria and dentine chips, especially in the apical root canal.
Fully Convolutional Network and Region Proposal for Instance Identification with Egocentric Vision

This paper presents a novel approach for egocentric image retrieval and object detection. This approach uses fully convolutional networks (FCN) to obtain region proposals without the need for an additional component in the network and training. It is particularly suited for small datasets with low object variability. The proposed network can be trained end-to-end and produces an effective global descriptor as an image representation. Additionally, it can be built upon any type of CNN pre-trained for classification. Through multiple experiments on two egocentric image datasets taken from museum visits, we show that the descriptor obtained using our proposed network outperforms those from previous state-of-the-art approaches. It is also just as memory-efficient, making it adapted to mobile devices such as an augmented museum audio-guide.
Self‐concept in institutionalized children with disturbed attachment: The mediating role of exploratory behaviours

BACKGROUND Self-concept is seen as both an outcome of sociocognitive and emotional development, and a factor in social and mental health outcomes. Although the contribution of attachment experiences to self-concept has been limited to quality of primary attachment relationships, little is known of the effects of disturbed attachment on self-concept in institutionalized children. Thus, the current study examined associations between disturbed attachment behaviours in institutionalized children and self-concept, testing limited exploration as an explanatory factor. METHODS Thirty-three institutionalized children, aged 4-12, participated in a multimethod and multi-informant assessment of disturbed attachment behaviours (i.e., Disturbances of Attachment Interview and Behavioral Signs of Disturbed Attachment in Young Children), self-concept (i.e., Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children), and exploratory behaviours (i.e., Student Exploratory Behaviours Observation Scale). Analyses were conducted using bootstrapping techniques. RESULTS Global self-concept converged with teacher-rated children's self-concept, except for physical competence domain. Disturbed attachment behaviours were identified in 62.5% of the children, and this was associated with lower levels of exploration and lower scores on self-concept, compared with children without disturbed attachment behaviours. Furthermore, exploratory behaviours mediated the effects of disturbed attachment behaviours on self-concept. CONCLUSIONS Institution-reared children with disturbed attachment behaviours were likely to have a negative perception of self and one's own competences. Limited exploratory behaviours explained this linkage. Targeting disordered attachment in children reared in institutions and their caregivers should become a high priority as a means for preventing socioemotional development issues.
Index report of cutaneous angiosarcomas with strong positivity for tyrosinase mimicking melanoma with further evaluation of melanocytic markers in a large angiosarcoma series

Cutaneous angiosarcoma can be challenging to diagnose particularly when poorly vasoformative and studied on biopsies. We report a case of a cutaneous angiosarcoma with strong positivity for tyrosinase, the first to our knowledge, initially misdiagnosed as melanoma. We subsequently evaluated the reactivity of panmelanocytic cocktail (tyrosinase, HMB‐45 and Melan‐A), SOX10, tyrosinase and MITF in a large tissue microarray (TMA) of angiosarcoma. The TMA included 142 cases of angiosarcomas (29 cutaneous, 22 primary breast, 41 post‐radiation breast, 15 visceral, 26 deep soft tissue and bone, 5 chronic lymphedema‐associated and 4 angiosarcomas arising in other sarcomas). Immunohistochemical studies were performed with anti‐panmelanocytic cocktail, anti‐SOX10, anti‐MITF and anti‐tyrosinase antibodies. TMA staining results were scored on intensity and percentage of tumoral labeling. Aside from the index case, no cases (0 of 133) showed positivity for tyrosinase including 28 cutaneous angiosarcomas. One breast angiosarcoma (1 of 131) was positive for MITF. All cases were negative for SOX10 and panmelanocytic cocktail (0 of 132). Angiosarcomas can rarely be positive for tyrosinase and MITF. Pathologists should be cognizant of these rare exceptions to prevent confusion with melanoma. Additional immunohistochemical markers for vascular and melanocytic differentiation, thorough histological examination for vasoformative and in situ areas as well as clinical impression are helpful in these exceptionally problematic cases.
Does habitat disturbance affect stress, body condition and parasitism in two sympatric lemurs?

Abstract Understanding how animals react to human-induced changes in their environment is a key question in conservation biology. Owing to their potential correlation with fitness, several physiological parameters are commonly used to assess the effect of habitat disturbance on animals’ general health status. Here, we studied how two lemur species, the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) and the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), respond to changing environmental conditions by comparing their stress levels (measured as hair cortisol concentration), parasitism and general body condition across four habitats ordered along a gradient of human disturbance at Kirindy Forest, Western Madagascar. These two species previously revealed contrasting responses to human disturbance; whereas M. murinus is known as a resilient species, C. medius is rarely encountered in highly disturbed habitats. However, neither hair cortisol concentrations nor parasitism patterns (prevalence, parasite species richness and rate of multiple infections) and body condition varied across the gradient of anthropogenic disturbance. Our results indicate that the effect of anthropogenic activities at Kirindy Forest is not reflected in the general health status of both species, which may have developed a range of behavioural adaptations to deal with suboptimal conditions. Nonetheless, a difference in relative density among sites suggests that the carrying capacity of disturbed habitat is lower, and both species respond differently to environmental changes, with C. medius being more negatively affected. Thus, even for behaviourally flexible species, extended habitat deterioration could hamper long-term viability of populations.
Notice of RetractionThe Effects of a Firm's Innovative and Risk Taking Propensities on its Innovation Performance

This study reports on results of an empirical investigation designed to assess the impact of a firm's propensities of innovativeness and risk taking upon its innovation performance in the Chinese transitional economic context. The key findings of this research are based on data collected from 207 senior and middle managers. The results indicate that a firm's propensity of innovativeness is an important factor in understanding its innovation performance. The research also demonstrates that a firm's risk taking propensity does not improve its innovation performance. Implications of these findings and limitations of this study are discussed.