Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Codon-Anticodon Interaction at the P Site Is a Prerequisite for tRNA Interaction with the Small Ribosomal Subunit*

The arrival of high resolution crystal structures for the ribosomal subunits opens a new phase of molecular analysis and asks for corresponding analyses of ribosomal function. Here we apply the phosphorothioate technique to dissect tRNA interactions with the ribosome. We demonstrate that a tRNA bound to the P site ofnon-programmed 70 S ribosomes contacts predominantly the 50 S, as opposed to the 30 S subunit, indicating that codon-anticodon interaction at the P site is a prerequisite for 30 S binding. Protection patterns of tRNAs bound to isolated subunits andprogrammed 70 S ribosomes were compared. The results suggest the presence of a movable domain in the large ribosomal subunit that carries tRNA and reveal that only ∼15% of a tRNA, namely residues 30 ± 1 to 43 ± 1, contact the 30 S subunit of programmed 70 S ribosomes, whereas the remaining 85% make contact with the 50 S subunit. Identical protection patterns of two distinct elongator tRNAs at the P site were identified as tRNA species-independent phosphate backbone contacts. The sites of protection correlate nicely with the predicted ribosomal-tRNA contacts deduced from a 5.5-Å crystal structure of a programmed 70 S ribosome, thus refining which ribosomal components are critical for tRNA fixation at the P site.
The Effects of Terlipressin on Regional Hemodynamics and Kidney Function in Experimental Hyperdynamic Sepsis

Background and Aims Although terlipressin (TP) may improve renal function in cirrhotic patients, its use in sepsis remains controversial due to concerns about regional ischemia. We investigated the effects of TP on regional hemodynamics and kidney function in experimental hyperdynamic sepsis. Methods We studied thirteen merino ewes in a university physiology laboratory using a randomized controlled cross over design. We implanted flow probes around the pulmonary, circumflex coronary, superior mesenteric, renal and iliac arteries. We injected live Escherichia coli and induced hyperdynamic sepsis. We treated animals with either bolus vehicle or a single dose of TP (sTP = 1 mg). In a second group, after 1 mg of TP, two additional bolus injections (mTP) of 0.5 mg were given at 2 hourly intervals. Main Results sTP (1 mg) significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) (74 to 89 mmHg; P<0.0001) creatinine clearance (31 to 85 mL/min; P<0.0001) and urine output (24 to 307 mL/hr) (P<0.0001). However, it decreased CO (5.7 to 3.9 L/min; p<0.0001), coronary blood flow (CBF) (43 to 32 mL/min; p<0.0001) and mesenteric blood flow (MBF) (944 to 625 mL/min; p = 0.004) and increased blood lactate (2.1 to 4.0 mmol/L; p<0.0001). Extra doses of TP caused little additional effect. Conclusions In hyperdynamic sepsis, bolus TP transiently improves MAP and renal function, but reduces CO, CBF and MBF, and increases blood lactate. Caution should be applied when prescribing bolus TP in septic patients at risk of coronary or mesenteric ischemia.
Performance of a Multi-Interface based Wireless Mesh Backbone to support VoIP Service Delivery

In this paper we evaluate the performance of a wireless IEEE 802.11-based node multi-hop mesh backbone for the provision of VoIP services, in the cases when nodes are provided with just a single NIC and when they are equipped with more than one NIC and different codecs are used. In particular, we show that the hard delay and packet loss constraints demanded by real time services constrain the size of the wireless backhaul to a few nodes when single-NIC nodes are used. Furthermore, this constraint depends on the link rate. This limitation is due to overlapping carrier sensing ranges that generate additional delay due to contention, which results in a strong degradation of the overall quality of the conversation. For the scenarios tested, the utilization of multi-NIC nodes overcomes these problems by allowing keeping the delay and losses within acceptable values while permitting larger wireless backhauls in terms of number of nodes. In this way, the MAC 802.11 policy keeps on playing a prevalent role in the very actual trend to build `all-wireless' architectures in spite of the limitations experienced in the single-NIC case
Prognostic Value of Homotypic Cell Internalization by Nonprofessional Phagocytic Cancer Cells

Background. In this study, we investigated the prognostic role of homotypic tumor cell cannibalism in different cancer types. Methods. The phenomenon of one cell being internalized into another, which we refer to as “cell-in-cell event,” was assessed in 416 cases from five head and neck cancer cohorts, as well as one anal and one rectal cancer cohort. The samples were processed into tissue microarrays and immunohistochemically stained for E-cadherin and cleaved caspase-3 to visualize cell membranes and apoptotic cell death. Results. Cell-in-cell events were found in all of the cohorts. The frequency ranged from 0.7 to 17.3 cell-in-cell events per mm2. Hardly any apoptotic cells were found within the cell-in-cell structures, although apoptotic cell rates were about 1.6 to two times as high as cell-in-cell rates of the same tissue sample. High numbers of cell-in-cell events showed adverse effects on patients' survival in the head and neck and in the rectal cancer cohorts. In multivariate analysis, high frequency was an adverse prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with head and neck cancer (p = 0.008). Conclusion. Cell-in-cell events were found to predict patient outcomes in various types of cancer better than apoptosis and proliferation and might therefore be used to guide treatment strategies.
The effects of power, knowledge, and trust on income disclosure in surveys

Objective. Research documents that income nonresponse is not randomly distributed, yet the reasons why some groups are less willing than others to disclose their incomes have not been developed. The authors propose that powerlessness in the household and in society in general increases the likelihood of income nonresponse because it decreases knowledge and trust. Knowledge in turn affects the ability to report household income, and mistrust affects the willingness to report income. Methods. The authors analyze exact income nonresponse and complete income nonresponse in a national probability sample of 2,031 respondents interviewed by telephone in 1990. Results. Homemakers and those with little household power are less likely to report exact income ; African Americans, the poorly educated, and people who feel powerlessness are less likely to report exact income; and respondents who mistrust others are less likely to report any income. Counter to expectations, the odds of both types of income nonresponse increase with economic advantage. Conclusion. Viewing survey respondents as thinking agents constrained and empowered by broader social relations helps explain income nonresponse
The mass function of dense molecular cores and the origin of the IMF

Context. Stars form in the cold dense cores of interstellar molecular clouds and the detailed knowledge of the spectrum of masses of such cores is clearly a key for the understanding of the origin of the IMF. To date, observations have presented somewhat contradictory evidence relating to this issue. Aims. In this paper we propose to derive the mass function of a complete sample of dense molecular cores in a single cloud employing a robust method that uses uses extinction of background starlight to measure core masses and enables the reliable extension of such measurements to lower masses than previously possible. Methods. We use a map of near-infrared extinction in the nearby Pipe dark cloud to identify the population of dense cores in the cloud and measure their masses. Results. We identify 159 dense cores and construct the mass function for this population. We present the first robust evidence for a departure from a single power-law form in the mass function of a population of cores and find that this mass function is surprisingly similar in shape to the stellar IMF but scaled to a higher mass by a factor of about 3. This suggests that the distribution of stellar birth masses (IMF) is the direct product of the dense core mass function and a uniform star formation efficiency of 30%±10%, and that the stellar IMF may already be fixed during or before the earliest stages of core evolution. These results are consistent with previous dust continuum studies which suggested that the IMF directly originates from the core mass function. The typical density of ∼10 4 cm −3 measured for the dense cores in this cloud suggests that the mass scale that characterizes the dense core mass function may be the result of a simple process of thermal (Jeans) fragmentation.
Venezuela, from Charisma to Mimicry: The Rise and Fall of a Televised Political Drama

ii Theoretical Framework . 1 Symbolic Code . 2 Narrative, Persuasion, and Emotion . 5 Historical, Political, and Social Contexts . 8 Methodological Approach . 15 Analytic Method . 15 Relevance of Roy Chaderton to Venezuelan Foreign Policy . 17 Significance of the TV Program Zurda Konducta . 18 Data Analysis . 20 Melodrama and Symbolic Associations . 20 Types of People . 25 Conclusions . 32 References . 35
Reform der Lehrerbildung in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz

Die Lehrerbildung befindet sich in Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz derzeit im Umbruch. Im vorliegenden ersten Teilband zur Reform der Lehrerbildung wird die Situation in den drei Landern analysiert und es werden grundlegende und Theorie basierte Uberlegungen und Konzeptionen zu notwendigen Reformen vorgestellt. Anschliesend werden ausgewahlte Forschungsprojekte zum aktuellen Stand der Lehrerbildung und den hieran anset- zenden Entwicklungsmasnahmen prasentiert
Anthropometric and kinematic influences on release speed in men’s fast-medium bowling

The main aim of this study was to identify significant relationships between selected anthropometric and kinematic variables and ball release speed. Nine collegiate fast-medium bowlers (mean - s : age 21.0 - 0.9 years, body mass 77.2 - 8.1 kg, height 1.83 - 0.1 m) were filmed and reconstructed three-dimensionally. Ball release speeds were measured by a previously validated Speedchek™ Personal Sports Radar (Tribar Industries, Canada). Relationships between selected anthropometric variablesand ball release speed and between kinematic variables and ball release speed were investigated using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients ( r ). A significant relationship was found between the horizontal velocity during the pre-delivery stride ( r = 0.728, P ≪ 0.05) and ball release speed (31.5 - 1.9 m·s -1 ). We believe that the high correlation was due to the bowlers using techniques that allowed them to contribute more of the horizontal velocity created during the run-up to ball release speed. We also found that the angular velocity (40.6 - 3.4 rad·s -1 ) of the right humerus had a low correlation ( r = 0.358, P > 0.05) with ball release speed. Although the action of the wrist was not analysed because of an inadequate frame rate, we found high correlations between ball release speed and shoulder-wrist length (661 - 31 mm; r = 0.626, P ≪ 0.05) and ball release speed and total arm length (860 - 36 mm; r = 0.583, P ≪ 0.05). We conclude that the variance in release speed within this group may be accounted for by the difference in radial length between the axis of rotation at the glenohumeral joint and the release point.
The coset equivalence relation and topologies on subgroups

The paper studies the structure of the homogeneous space $G/H$, for $G$ a Polish group and $H< G$ a Borel, not necessarily closed subgroup of $G$, from the point of view of the theory of definable equivalence relations. It makes a connection between the complexity of the natural {\it coset equivalence relation} associated with $G/H$ and {\it Polishability} of $H$, that is, the possibility of introducing a Polish group topology on $H$ respecting its Borel structure. In particular, it is proved that if $H$ is an Abelian Borel subgroup of a Polish group $G$, then either $H$ is Polishable or ${\Bbb E}_1$ continuously embeds into the coset equivalence relation induced by $H$ on $G$. The same conclusion is shown to hold if $H$ is an increasing union of a sequence of Polishable subgroups of $G$.
The U.S. Current Account Deficit and the Expected Share of World Output

We investigate the possibility that the large current account deficits of the U.S. are the outcome of optimizing behavior. We develop a simple long-run world equilibrium model in which the current account is determined by the expected discounted present value of its future share of world GDP relative to its current share of world GDP. The model suggests that under some reasonable assumptions about future U.S. GDP growth relative to the rest of the advanced countries -- more modest than the growth over the past 20 years -- the current account deficit is near optimal levels. We then explore the implications for the real exchange rate. Under some plausible assumptions, the model implies little change in the real exchange rate over the adjustment path, though the conclusion is sensitive to assumptions about tastes and technology. Then we turn to empirical evidence. A test of current account sustainability suggests that the U.S. is not keeping on a long-run sustainable path. A direct test of our model finds that the dynamics of the U.S. current account -- the increasing deficits over the past decade -- are difficult to explain under a particular statistical model (Markov-switching) of expectations of future U.S. growth. But, if we use survey data on forecasted GDP growth in the G7, our very simple model appears to explain the evolution of the U.S. current account remarkably well. We conclude that expectations of robust performance of the U.S. economy relative to the rest of the advanced countries is a contender -- though not the only legitimate contender -- for explaining the U.S.
Identification of Alternatively Translated Tetherin Isoforms with Differing Antiviral and Signaling Activities

Tetherin (BST-2/CD317/HM1.24) is an IFN induced transmembrane protein that restricts release of a broad range of enveloped viruses. Important features required for Tetherin activity and regulation reside within the cytoplasmic domain. Here we demonstrate that two isoforms, derived by alternative translation initiation from highly conserved methionine residues in the cytoplasmic domain, are produced in both cultured human cell lines and primary cells. These two isoforms have distinct biological properties. The short isoform (s-Tetherin), which lacks 12 residues present in the long isoform (l-Tetherin), is significantly more resistant to HIV-1 Vpu-mediated downregulation and consequently more effectively restricts HIV-1 viral budding in the presence of Vpu. s-Tetherin Vpu resistance can be accounted for by the loss of serine-threonine and tyrosine motifs present in the long isoform. By contrast, the l-Tetherin isoform was found to be an activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling whereas s-Tetherin does not activate NF-κB. Activation of NF-κB requires a tyrosine-based motif found within the cytoplasmic tail of the longer species and may entail formation of l-Tetherin homodimers since co-expression of s-Tetherin impairs the ability of the longer isoform to activate NF-κB. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism for control of Tetherin antiviral and signaling function and provide insight into Tetherin function both in the presence and absence of infection.
How do primary school teachers develop knowledge by crossing boundaries in the school–university partnership? A case study in China

ABSTRACT University experts typically serve as knowledge sources for teacher learning. Experts in China are no exception. Nevertheless, minimal attention has been focused on knowledge flow between experts and teachers, and its contribution to teacher knowledge development. Drawing on the perspective of knowledge process across boundaries, this qualitative study investigates knowledge growth of primary school teachers involved in a small-scale school–university partnership in Northern China. In-depth interview was adapted as the main approach to collecting data. Nine participating teachers, two school administrators, and one university expert were interviewed. Findings show that expert-led knowledge transfer (knowledge-for-practice is directly delivered) and teacher-involved knowledge translation (knowledge-in-practice is reframed and situated) are the main focus of the partnership studied. However, collaboration-oriented knowledge transformation (altering existing knowledge and creating knowledge-of-practice) is insufficiently emphasised. Furthermore, this study discusses significant implications for advancing the transformation of knowledge and expert–teacher collaborative knowledge creation as well as for further study.
Category-Aware API Clustering and Distributed Recommendation for Automatic Mashup Creation

Mashup has emeraged as a promising way to allow developers to compose existed APIs (services) to create new or value-added services. With the rapid increasing number of services published on the Internet, service recommendation for automatic mashup creation gains a lot of momentum. Since mashup inherently requires services with different functions, the recommendation result should contain services from various categories. However, most existing recommendation approaches only rank all candidate services in a single list, which has two deficiencies. First, ranking services without considering to which categories they belong may lead to meaningless service ranking and affect the recommendation accuracy. Second, mashup developers are not always clear about which service categories they need and services in which categories cooperate better for mashup creation. Without explicitly recommending which service categories are relevant for mashup creation, it remains difficult for mashup developers to select proper services in a mixed ranking list, which lower the user friendliness of recommendation. To overcome these deficiencies, a novel category-aware service clustering and distributed recommending method is proposed for automatic mashup creation. First, a Kmeans variant(vKmeans) method based on topic model Latent Dirichlet Allocation is introduced for enhancing service categorization and providing a basis for recommendation. Second, on top of vKmeans, a service category relevance ranking (SCRR) model, which combines machine learning and collaborative filtering, is developed to decompose mashup requirements and explicitly predict relevant service categories. Finally, a category-aware distributed service recommendation (CDSR) model, which is based on a distributed machine learning framework, is developed for predicting service ranking order within each category. Experiments on a real-world dataset have proved that the proposed approach not only gains significant improvement at precision rate but also enhances the diversity of recommendation results.
Serial Changes in Plasma Levels of Cytokines in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Objectives Inflammation is known to be a major determinant of the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study we have evaluated the plasma levels of cytokines – tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF), interleukin-1α(IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ(IFN), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) – to examine the association between these cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with CAD. Methods Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS; n = 20) were compared with patients with stable angina (SA; n = 20) and with control volunteers (C; n = 20). Blood samples were collected at the time of admission from all patients and 15 and 30 days thereafter. Results CRP levels (20.8 ± 8.8 mg/L) (mean ± SEM) were higher at baseline in ACS than SA patients (4.1 ± 0.8 mg/L) or the control subjects (5.1 ± 1.8 mg/L) (p < 0.05). At admission, IL-6 was detected in 50% of the ACS patients and 5% of the SA patients or control subjects, while TNF was detected in 35% of the ACS and SA patients but only in 5% of control subjects. Subsequently, IL-6 levels declined and were no longer detectable, while TNF levels increased among ACS patients at all time periods tested when compared with other patients. The presence of IL-1 and IL-10 were not detectable in the blood samples examined, and IFN could only be detected in the ACS group. A significant correlation was observed between IL-6 and CRP levels (r = 0.4; p < 0.01) in all groups. There were no correlations among any of the other cytokines and CRP levels. Conclusions Our study demonstrates raised levels of TNF, IL6, IFN, and CRP in patients with ACS and a positive correlation between IL6 and CRP but not with the other cytokines.
Automatic Detection of Speaker Attributes Based on Utterance Text

In this paper, we present models for detecting various attributes of a speaker based on uttered text alone. These attributes include whether the speaker is speaking his/her native language, the speaker’s age and gender, and the regional information reported by the speakers. We explore various lexical features as well as features inspired by Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count and Dictionary of Affect in Language. Overall, results suggest that when audio data is not available, by exploring effective feature sets only from uttered text and system combinations of multiple classification algorithms, we can build high quality statistical models to detect these attributes of speakers, comparable to systems that can exploit the audio data.
Organizational Legitimacy: Six Key Questions

Legitimacy is a fundamental concept of organizational institutionalism. It influences how organizations behave and has been shown to affect their performance and survival (Pollock & Rindova, 2003; Singh, Tucker, & House, 1986). As developed in organizational institutionalism the term has spread widely across the social sciences, and because of this, our current understandings of legitimacy and how it is managed are much more nuanced and elaborate than portrayed in early institutional accounts. In this chapter, we seek to bring greater clarity and order to the growing and sometimes confusing literature, focusing on the conceptualization of legitimacy itself and how it changes over time.This chapter builds from the previous edition (Deephouse & Suchman, 2008, available online at www.sage.org/organizational institutionalism/legitimacy). In updating that chapter we reviewed 1299 publications and conference papers that had the string “legitim” in the title, abstract, or keywords. Reflecting the reach and power of legitimacy, these publications included books and a wide range of journals and across a wide range of disciplines (e.g., communication, political science, public administration, and sociology -- not just management). Our goal was both to identify both broad trends in theory and research and possible theoretical innovations and also to highlight important applications for scholars in organizational institutionalism. From this review we identified six central questions around which this chapter is arranged: What is organizational legitimacy? Why does legitimacy matter? Who confers legitimacy, and how? What criteria are used (for making legitimacy evaluations)? How does legitimacy change over time? These questions are shown in Figure 1.1. Our final section asks “Where do we go from here? ” and offers suggestions for future research.