Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Certainty of career choice at the beginning of university studies - general strategies and attributions in achievement situations, and career motives

Certainty of career choice at the beginning of university studies - general strategies and attributions in achievement situations, and career motives The focus of this paper is on certainty of career choice at the beginning of university studies, and how this relates to students' career motives and more general strategies and attributions in achievement situations. The paper sample comprised 137 first-year students of theology, who completed a questionnaire developed on the basis of earlier studies on motives for studying theology and certainty of career choice. The questionnaire included a section on strategies and attributions in achievement situations (SAQ), a section covering the reasons and motives for starting to study theology and a scale measuring uncertainty of career choice. According to the results, uncertainty of career choice related positively to being assured of a place to study, and negatively to having a spiritual calling, a helping orientation and self-fulfillment. In the first year of university studies it also related positively to task avoidance and social pessimism, and negatively to success expectation. Stepwise regression analysis showed that being assured of a place to study, having a spiritual calling and low self-fulfillment explained 57 percent of the total variance. The strategies and attributions the students used in achievement situations were very modest predictors of uncertainty in career choice. Success expectation and task avoidance explained nine percent of the variance.
Estimating a Convex Function in Nonparametric Regression

Abstract. A new nonparametric estimate of a convex regression function is proposed and its stochastic properties are studied. The method starts with an unconstrained estimate of the derivative of the regression function, which is firstly isotonized and then integrated. We prove asymptotic normality of the new estimate and show that it is first order asymptotically equivalent to the initial unconstrained estimate if the regression function is in fact convex. If convexity is not present, the method estimates a convex function whose derivative has the same Lp‐norm as the derivative of the (non‐convex) underlying regression function. The finite sample properties of the new estimate are investigated by means of a simulation study and it is compared with a least squares approach of convex estimation. The application of the new method is demonstrated in two data examples.
Opening the black box: Why and when workplace exclusion affects social reconnection behaviour, health, and attitudes

By integrating belongingness theory and the sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison (STTUC) theory, we explicate a process through which co-worker exclusion is positively related to social reconnection behaviour in the workplace. Specifically, we argued and found that exclusion prompts ingratiatory and citizenship behaviours via the perception of being envied by colleagues. Despite these positive outcomes, we also found the mediated relationship of exclusion and perceptions of being envied to be damaging to workers’ psychological health and work-related attitudes, and that these relationships were the strongest among employees with high positive affect (PA). We tested our model across two distinct samples that included full-time Dutch (Study 1) and American (Study 2) employees. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Towards professionalism: ethical perspectives of Israeli teachers

This study attempted to gain a better understanding of teachers’ perceptions about their ethical dilemmas and roles. Qualitative data were collected by interviewing 32 teachers in seven schools. Interviewees were asked to provide detailed descriptions of ethical dilemmas they had encountered. The coding process focused on critical incidents involving ethical considerations identified as conflictive. Results indicate a large number of dilemmas that can be sorted into five main categories. These include tensions between caring and adhering to formal codes; fair process and fair outcome; school and family agenda; autonomy and educational policy; own religious convictions and that of a colleague. The study may enhance our understanding of teachers’ roles and perceptions regarding these ethical dilemmas. Such understanding may help in the design of teacher education programmes focusing on ethics. More successful dealing with day‐to‐day ethical dilemmas may also help raise the status of the profession.
Diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography in detecting mediastinal lymphadenopathy in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography in the detection of chest lymphadenopathy in children with clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Design: Prospective cross sectional study. Setting: A short stay ward in a children’s hospital in South Africa. Patients: Consecutive children under 14 years of age admitted with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnostic test: Antero-posterior and/or lateral chest x rays interpreted independently and blind to the reference standard by three primary care clinicians and three paediatricians, all with a special interest in tuberculosis. Reference standard: Spiral chest computed tomography (CT) with contrast injection. Results: One hundred children (median age 21.5 months) were enrolled. Lymphadenopathy was present in 46 of 100 reference CT scans and judged to be present in 47.1% of x ray assessments. Overall sensitivity was 67% and specificity 59%. Primary care clinicians were more sensitive (71.5% v 63.3%, p = 0.047) and less specific (49.8% v 68.9%, p<0.001) than paediatricians. Overall accuracy was higher for the paediatricians (diagnostic odds ratio 3.83 v 2.49, p = 0.008). The addition of a lateral to an antero-posterior view did not significantly increase accuracy (diagnostic odds ratio 3.09 v 3.73, p = 0.16). Chance adjusted inter-observer agreement (κ) varied widely between viewer pairs, but was around 30%. Conclusions: Detection of mediastinal lymphadenopathy on chest x ray to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in children must be interpreted with caution. Diagnostic accuracy might be improved by refining radiological criteria for lymphadenopathy.
The Role of the State on Cross-National Homicide Rates

Although previous research has established important links between economic factors (e.g., economic inequality), social support variables, ethnic fractionalization, and cross-national homicides, one important area remains unexplored. Relatively little is known about how the role of the state affects cross-national homicide rates. Using data from 183 nations, this study examined the effect of the role of the state (political instability, regime type, and use of the death penalty) on homicide rates. The findings indicate that homicide rates are higher in countries that are politically unstable. In addition, anocracies (transitional states that have a mixture of democratic and autocratic features) were found to be correlated with higher homicide rates. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Tears and transformation: feeling like crying as an indicator of insightful or “aesthetic” experience with art

This paper explores a fundamental similarity between cognitive models for crying and conceptions of insight, enlightenment or, in the context of art, “aesthetic experience. ” All of which center on a process of initial discrepancy, followed by schema change, and conclude in a proposed adjustment or “transformation” of one's self image/world-view. Because tears are argued to mark one of the only physical indicators of this cognitive outcome, and because the process is particularly salient in examples with art, I argue that crying may provide an intriguing marker for empirical study of art experience. To explore this parallel, I offer a review of crying theory as well as of tearful cases with art, pointing out the key cognitive elements. I then introduce an expanded crying model, based upon our recent model of art experience which does consider insight and adjustment or application of the self. I also consider multiple emotional and evaluative factors, which may co-vary with crying response. This theoretical discussion is then applied in three exploratory, survey-based studies conducted within U.K., Japan and U.S. museums, and including what is claimed to be the 20th century's most tear-inducing abstract paintings. Results showed—with cross-cultural consistency—significant relation between “feeling like crying” and a collection of responses posited to indicate a full progression to aesthetic experience, as well as to positive assessment of artwork goodness, beauty, understanding of meaning, and to final reported self reflection and epiphany. I argue that, beyond the question of why we may cry, by considering the implications of what tears may indicate within information processing, feeling like crying may indeed offer a compelling basis for empirically identifying outcomes of perceptual (art) experience.
Effects of a large-scale industrial disaster on rates of symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorders among schoolchildren in toulouse.

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been studied largely among adults and in the context of intentional, collective experiences such as war and terrorism. Far less is known about PTSD among adolescents and resulting from massive industrial accidents. Such an accident in Toulouse, France, 10 days after the World Trade Center disaster, provided an opportunity to examine its effects among adolescents already sensitized by media coverage of the World Trade Center disaster. OBJECTIVES (1) To assess the presence of symptoms consistent with PTSD (SCW-PTSD) among adolescents in Toulouse after a massive industrial accident, (2) to determine the "excess" of SCW-PTSD among those directly exposed vs those nondirectly exposed, and (3) to examine dosage effects for exposure and the cumulative effect on PTSD of accident-related experiences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A survey containing questions on exposure and SCW-PTSD was administered to students aged 11 years, 13 years, 15 years, and 17 years who were enrolled in randomly selected, grade-stratified classrooms from schools for directly exposed students (n = 577) in Toulouse and nondirectly exposed students (n = 900) in the region.Main Outcome Measure The prevalence of SCW-PTSD among directly exposed and nondirectly exposed students. RESULTS Nine months after the industrial accident, 44.6% of 11- and 13-year-old directly exposed students and 28.5% of 15- and 17-year-old directly exposed students still showed SCW-PTSD, compared with 22.1% of 11- and 13-year-old nondirectly exposed students and 4.4% of 15-year-old nondirectly exposed students. Among 11- and 13-year-olds, the likelihood of having SCW-PTSD was higher for girls who were enrolled in elementary schools, were personally injured, and had severe damage at home, as opposed to boys who were high-school students without severe damage at home or personal injury. Among the 15- and 17-year-olds, being a girl, 17 years old, and personally injured increased the likelihood of having SCW-PTSD, as opposed to 15-year-old boys who were not injured. The effects of injuries were cumulative: students injured personally and with an injured family member were more likely to have SCW-PTSD than those experiencing either personal or family injury but not both. Excess of SCW-PTSD attributable to direct exposure was 50.5% for 11-year-olds, 49.3% for 13-year-olds, and 73.5% for 15-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of Toulouse adolescents still had SCW-PTSD 9 months after the accident. Directly exposed students were far more likely to show SCW-PTSD than those nondirectly exposed, but both groups had SCW-PTSD at rates that were higher than expected. The symptoms were associated with demographic characteristics and direct experiences of trauma. Higher rates applied to students who were personally injured with injured family members and severe damage at home. Students with these characteristics predictive of SCW-PTSD should be given prompt attention to avoid long-lasting effects.
Using Psilocybin to Investigate the Relationship between Attention, Working Memory, and the Serotonin 1A and 2A Receptors

Increasing evidence suggests a link between attention, working memory, serotonin (5-HT), and prefrontal cortex activity. In an attempt to tease out the relationship between these elements, this study tested the effects of the hallucinogenic mixed 5-HT1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin alone and after pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin. Eight healthy human volunteers were tested on a multiple-object tracking task and spatial working memory task under the four conditions: placebo, psilocybin (215 Ag/kg), ketanserin (50 mg), and psilocybin and ketanserin. Psilocybin significantly reduced attentional tracking ability, but had no significant effect on spatial working memory, suggesting a functional dissociation between the two tasks. Pretreatment with ketanserin did not attenuate the effect of psilocybin on attentional performance, suggesting a primary involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor in the observed deficit. Based on physiological and pharmacological data, we speculate that this impaired attentional performance may reflect a reduced ability to suppress or ignore distracting stimuli rather than reduced attentional capacity. The clinical relevance of these results is also discussed.
Effects of world class manufacturing on shop floor workers

Concerns the effects of world class manufacturing on the quality of working life of shop floor workers. Theoretically, it is grounded in the conflict between two opposing paradigms – the flexible specialisation thesis and labour process theory. Methodologically, it is based on qualitative data gathered in 1996 during in‐depth interviews with employees of a West of Ireland factory established in the use of world class manufacturing methods (fieldwork for a Masters degree minor dissertation). The results of the research indicate that the majority of world class manufacturing methods increase the intensity of work, without yielding proportionate compensation for workers. Based on these findings, the interpretation of world class manufacturing supported by labour process theory was found to be far more accurate a rendering than that promoted by the flexible specialisation thesis.
Molecular and Morpho-Agronomical Characterization of Root Architecture at Seedling and Reproductive Stages for Drought Tolerance in Wheat

Water availability is a major limiting factor for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in rain-fed agricultural systems worldwide. Root architecture is important for water and nutrition acquisition for all crops, including wheat. A set of 158 diverse wheat genotypes of Australian (72) and Indian (86) origin were studied for morpho-agronomical traits in field under irrigated and drought stress conditions during 2010–11 and 2011-12.Out of these 31 Indian wheat genotypes comprising 28 hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) and 3 tetraploid (T. durum) were characterized for root traits at reproductive stage in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. Roots of drought tolerant genotypes grew upto137cm (C306) as compared to sensitive one of 63cm with a mean value of 94.8cm. Root architecture traits of four drought tolerant (C306, HW2004, HD2888 and NI5439) and drought sensitive (HD2877, HD2012, HD2851 and MACS2496) genotypes were also observed at 6 and 9 days old seedling stage. The genotypes did not show any significant variation for root traits except for longer coleoptiles and shoot and higher absorptive surface area in drought tolerant genotypes. The visible evaluation of root images using WinRhizo Tron root scanner of drought tolerant genotype HW2004 indicated compact root system with longer depth while drought sensitive genotype HD2877 exhibited higher horizontal root spread and less depth at reproductive stage. Thirty SSR markers were used to study genetic variation which ranged from 0.12 to 0.77 with an average value of 0.57. The genotypes were categorized into three subgroups as highly tolerant, sensitive, moderately sensitive and tolerant as intermediate group based on UPGMA cluster, STRUCTURE and principal coordinate analyses. The genotypic clustering was positively correlated to grouping based on root and morpho-agronomical traits. The genetic variability identified in current study demonstrated these traits can be used to improve drought tolerance and association mapping.
For the Advancement of Music Education

Creative Music PROGRESS reports and glimpses of plans for the coming season are presented in these columns by the national chairmen of the MENC Projects Committee organizations, Curriculum Consultants groups, and Special Committees. Contributions from the president of the National School Band, Orchestra, and Vocal Association, the president of the Music Education Exhibitors Association, and the chairman of the Music Education Research Council complete the symposium. It is significant that in this impressive compendium of current and projected activities "for the Advancement of Music Education," frequent reference is made to activities at the state level. The part taken by the state associations is attested in the 100 per cent response to the Journal's annual roll call of states, also a feature of this "Preview" Issue. B UILDING on the excellent aims and objectives as outlined in the widely accepted Music Education Source Book, the large committee on the study of creative music in modern education has gone about seeing what is actually being done over the United States. The findings are surprisingly encouraging. Not in just one section of the country do we find concrete evidence of creative teaching and of the teaching of creative music but in a number of places within each section and in every section of the country. The most encouraging trend is the ever-increasing variety of creative approaches to music teaching in general, resulting in a closer integration of music with student life-one evidence of which is original composition on all levels. The convention programs of this committee provided a review of this biennium's activities and gave direction to the next. They included comprehensive reports from all six Divisions; demonstrations of creative work from kindergarten through high school and beyond; inspirational speakers; announcements of next year's national projects with Scholastic and Collier's magazines; exhibits; a joint meeting of film, radio, recording and creative committees; and panel discussion. The panel discussion concluded that creative music is established as an important part of general music education; that progress has been made in developing creative teaching; and that the entire educative process should be under constant surveillance in further promoting creative music.
Are teachers' beliefs related to their preferences for ADHD interventions? Comparing teachers in the United States and New Zealand

This investigation examined the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and their preferences for classroom interventions for behaviours consistent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Teacher ratings of intervention acceptability, effectiveness, and rate of change were compared across United States and New Zealand samples. Beliefs examined were personal teaching efficacy, general teaching efficacy, and pupil control ideology (PCI). Samples were compared regarding their preferences for the daily report card, response cost technique, classroom lottery, and medication as classroom strategies for managing ADHD-related behavioural concerns. Data were analysed using general linear modelling techniques, and an interaction was demonstrated between ADHD intervention x PCI x nationality. Differences were observed for ADHD interventions across samples based upon pupil control orientations. Implications for educators and their classroom practices are discussed.
Fibronectin Matrix Regulates Activation of RHO and CDC42 GTPases and Cell Cycle Progression

Adherent cells assemble fibronectin into a fibrillar matrix on their apical surface. The fibril formation is initiated by fibronectin binding to the integrins α5β1 and αvβ3, and is completed by a process that includes fibronectin self-assembly. We found that a 76– amino acid fragment of fibronectin (III1-C) that forms one of the self-assembly sites caused disassembly of preformed fibronectin matrix without affecting cell adhesion. Treating attached fibroblasts or endothelial cells with III1-C inhibited cell migration and proliferation. Rho-dependent stress fiber formation and Rho-dependent focal contact protein phosphorylation were also inhibited, whereas Cdc42 was activated, leading to actin polymerization into filopodia. ACK (activated Cdc42-binding kinase) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), two downstream effectors of Cdc42, were activated, whereas PAK (p21-activated kinase) and JNK/SAPK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/ stress-activated protein kinase) were inhibited. III1-C treatment also modulated activation of JNK and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) in response to growth factors, and reduced the activity of the cyclin E–cdk2 complex. These results indicate that the absence of fibronectin matrix causes activation of Cdc42, and that fibronectin matrix is required for Rho activation and cell cycle progression.
DENSITY BOUNDS FOR THE 3 x + 1 PROBLEM . II

The 3x + 1 function T(x) takes the values (3x+l)/2 if x is odd and x/2 if x is even. Let a be any integer with a £ 0 (mod 3). If na(x) counts the number of n with |«| < x which eventually reach a under iteration by T, then for all sufficiently large x , na(x) > xsx . The proof is based on solving nonlinear programming problems constructed using difference inequalities of Krasikov.
The assessment of IFN-gamma and its regulatory cytokines in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES To assess the role of IFN-gamma and its regulatory cytokines in active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN Cytokines were measured in the plasma of TB patients and healthy subjects with different risk for TB exposure. In addition, cytokine profile was assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) of six TB patients and nine normal controls. RESULTS Circulating IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-18 were higher in TB patients than in control groups. Plasma IL-12 levels were extremely variable, and no difference was observed among study groups. An inverse correlation between plasma IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels was found in TB patients. Furthermore, circulating IL-18 correlated with IL-10 but not with IFN-gamma levels. Finally, IFN-gamma, IL-18 and IL-12 were increased in the BALf of TB patients, whereas no difference was observed in IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS In human TB, at least at certain disease stages, there is a differential compartmentalization of the IFN-gamma-regulatory factors IL-12 and IL-10, the former being concentrated in the lungs and the latter being present in peripheral circulation. In addition, our findings address more critically the role of IL-18 in the host response to tuberculosis infection in humans.