Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping of ATP, Glucose, Glycogen, and Lactate Concentrations Within the Arterial Wall

Objective—In large- and medium-sized arteries, the diffusion distances for oxygen and nutrients are long. This has been suggested to make these vessels prone to develop local energy metabolic deficiencies that could contribute to atherogenesis. To validate this hypothesis, we introduced a new method to measure energy metabolites within the arterial wall at high spatial resolution. Methods and Results—Bioluminescence imaging was used to quantify local metabolite concentrations in cryosections of snap frozen (in vivo) and incubated pig carotid artery rings. Incubation at hypoxia resulted in increased lactate concentrations, whereas ATP, glucose, and glycogen concentrations were decreased, especially in the mid media, where concentrations of these metabolites were close to zero. In snap frozen arteries, glycogen concentrations were markedly higher in deep layers of the media than toward the lumen. ATP, glucose, and lactate were more homogenously distributed. Conclusions—Bioluminescence imaging is a new and powerful tool to assess arterial wall energy metabolism at high spatial resolution. Our experiments demonstrate heterogeneous distributions of energy metabolites under hypoxic in vitro conditions. Furthermore, we show that glycogen concentrations are higher in deep medial layers in vivo. This might represent a local adaptation to a low-oxygen microenvironment.
Simulation for Learning and Teaching Procedural Skills: The State of the Science

Introduction: Simulation is increasingly used to support learning of procedural skills. Our panel was tasked with summarizing the “best evidence. ” We addressed the following question: To what extent does simulation support learning and teaching in procedural skills? Methods: We conducted a literature search from 2000 to 2010 using Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, and PSYCHINFO databases. Inclusion criteria were established and then data extracted from abstracts according to several categories. Although secondary sources of literature were sourced from key informants and participants at the “Research Consensus Summit: State of the Science,” they were not included in the data extraction process but were used to inform discussion. Results: Eighty-one of 1,575 abstracts met inclusion criteria. The uses of simulation for learning and teaching procedural skills were diverse. The most commonly reported simulator type was manikins (n = 17), followed by simulated patients (n = 14), anatomic simulators (eg, part-task) (n = 12), and others. For research design, most abstracts (n = 52) were at Level IV of the National Health and Medical Research Council classification (ie, case series, posttest, or pretest/posttest, with no control group, narrative reviews, and editorials). The most frequent Best Evidence Medical Education ranking was for conclusions probable (n = 37). Using the modified Kirkpatrick scale for impact of educational intervention, the most frequent classification was for modification of knowledge and/or skills (Level 2b) (n = 52). Abstracts assessed skills (n = 47), knowledge (n = 32), and attitude (n = 15) with the majority demonstrating improvements after simulation-based interventions. Studies focused on immediate gains and skills assessments were usually conducted in simulation. Discussion: The current state of the science finds that simulation usually leads to improved knowledge and skills. Learners and instructors express high levels of satisfaction with the method. While most studies focus on short-term gains attained in the simulation setting, a small number support the transfer of simulation learning to clinical practice. Further study is needed to optimize the alignment of learner, instructor, simulator, setting, and simulation for learning and teaching procedural skills. Instructional design and educational theory, contextualization, transferability, accessibility, and scalability must all be considered in simulation-based education programs. More consistently, robust research designs are required to strengthen the evidence.
Experimental Study of Suffusion in Granular Soils

Internal erosion is one of the main causes of instabilities within hydraulic earth structures. The occurrence of breach in new structures underlines the emergency to quantify phenomena induced. Over the years, several methods have been developed to characterize and model internal erosion. The intention of this paper is to present a new experimental device named Cross Erosion Test (CET) and devoted to the characterisation of internal erosion. This test consists of the injection, in a first drilling, of clear water and the recovery, in another drilling, of water charged with particles. With this technique, main processes occurred can be identified. Moreover, preliminary experimental results show the possibility to characterize suffusion into a specific soil.
Stylometric Analysis of Bloggers' Age and Gender

We report results of stylometric differences in blogging for gender and age group variation. The results are based on two mutually independent features. The first feature is the use of slang words which is a new concept proposed by us for Stylometric study of bloggers. Slang is a non-dictionary word that has evolved with time due to its frequent and popular usage. For the second feature, we have analysed the variation in average length of sentences across various age groups and gender. These two features are then augmented with previous study results reported in literature for stylometric analysis of age and gender. The combined feature list enhances the accuracy by a remarkable extent in predicting age and gender. These experiments were done on a 20,000 blog corpus. Experimental results show that these features work well in detection of bloggers’ demography. However, gender determination is more accurate than age group detection over a data spread across all ages but the accuracy of age prediction increases if we sample data with remarkable age difference.
Role of intron-contained sequences in formation of moloney murine leukemia virus env mRNA

Formation of the Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope mRNA involves the removal of a 5,185-base pair-long intron. Deletion analysis of two Moloney murine leukemia virus-derived expression vectors revealed the existence of two short regions within the viral intron which are required for the efficient formation of the spliced RNA species. One region was present upstream from the 3' splice junction, extended at least 85 nucleotides beyond the splice site, and was not more than 165 nucleotides long. As yeast polymerase II introns, the Moloney murine leukemia virus intron contains the sequence 5'-TACTAAC-3' 15 nucleotides upstream from the 3' splice site. A second region located in the middle of the intron, within a 560-nucleotide-long sequence, was also essential for formation of the spliced RNA species. The efficient splicing of the env mRNA in the absence of expression of viral genes raises the possibility that similar mechanisms are used to remove introns of (some) cellular genes.
The effect of shear stress on the screw dislocation core structure in body-centred cubic lattices

The behaviour of the ½a<111> screw dislocation core in the presence of an external shear stress on {110} planes has been studied for a variety of effective interionic potentials, each representing a stable b. c. c. lattice. The distortion and motion of the core are described using the concept of fractional dislocations, which are imperfect dislocations bounding a ribbon of generalized (unstable) stacking fault. Three essentially distinct types of movement are found, and the relation of these to plastic flow and twinning in real b. c. c. metals is discussed. It is found that the movement of the dislocation core can be rationalized in terms of the relative stresses needed to create generalized stacking faults on {110} and {112} planes.
Quelques remarques concernant la thorie des corps ordonns diffrentiellement clos

We first propose a “geometrical” axiomatization for the theory of closed ordered differential fields (denoted CODF) introduced by M.Singer in 1978 (see [Si]). This axiomatization is the analogue of the Pierce-Pillay axiomatization for the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic zero (see [PP]). We also remark that a differential lifting principle can be used to prove that CODF has not the independence property (this result gives new examples of V-C classes of definable sets). The proof used here can be generalized to other examples of theories of differential fields. 1 Axiomatisation géométrique de la théorie des corps ordonnés différentiellement clos 1.1 Quelques rappels concernant CODF Dans ce qui suit nous utiliserons des résultats classiques d’algèbre différentielle, de géométrie algébrique et de théorie des modèles sans en préciser les références. On peut les trouver dans [Ho], [Ka], [Lg], et [Sh]. La notion de corps ordonné différentiel a été introduite par A.Robinson en 1973 (voir [Ro] ); en 1978, M.Singer montre que la théorie des corps ordonnés différentiels admet une modèle-complétion qu’il appelle la théorie des corps ordonnés différentiellement clos Cette recherche a bénéficié des supports du projet INTAS 2000-447 et d’un projet financé par la Banque Nationale de Belgique. Le second auteur est doctorant boursier du FRIA.
Influence of environmental variables in the efficiency of phage therapy in aquaculture

Aquaculture facilities worldwide continue to experience significant economic losses because of disease caused by pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug‐resistant strains. This scenario drives the search for alternative methods to inactivate pathogenic bacteria. Phage therapy is currently considered as a viable alternative to antibiotics for inactivation of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture systems. While phage therapy appears to represent a useful and flexible tool for microbiological decontamination of aquaculture effluents, the effect of physical and chemical properties of culture waters on the efficiency of this technology has never been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical and chemical properties of aquaculture waters (e.g. pH, temperature, salinity and organic matter content) on the efficiency of phage therapy under controlled experimental conditions in order to provide a basis for the selection of the most suitable protocol for subsequent experiments. A bioluminescent genetically transformed Escherichia coli was selected as a model microorganism to monitor real‐time phage therapy kinetics through the measurement of bioluminescence, thus avoiding the laborious and time‐consuming conventional method of counting colony‐forming units (CFU). For all experiments, a bacterial concentration of ≈ 105 CFU ml−1 and a phage concentration of ≈ 106–8 plaque forming unit ml−1 were used. Phage survival was not significantly affected by the natural variability of pH (6.5–7.4), temperature (10–25°C), salinity (0–30 g NaCl l−1) and organic matter concentration of aquaculture waters in a temperate climate. Nonetheless, the efficiency of phage therapy was mostly affected by the variation of salinity and organic matter content. As the effectiveness of phage therapy increases with water salt content, this approach appears to be a suitable choice for marine aquaculture systems. The success of phage therapy may also be enhanced in non‐marine systems through the addition of salt, whenever this option is feasible and does not affect the survival of aquatic species being cultured.
Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by subtype.

BACKGROUND Some autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders are associated with increased risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Because different NHL subtypes develop at different stages of lymphocyte differentiation, associations of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders with specific NHL subtypes could lead to a better understanding of lymphomagenic mechanisms. METHODS In a population-based case-control study in Denmark and Sweden, 3055 NHL patients and 3187 matched control subjects were asked about their history of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, markers of severity, and treatment. Logistic regression with adjustment for study matching factors was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NHL overall and for NHL subtypes. RESULTS Risks of all NHL were increased in association with rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.9), primary Sjögren syndrome (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 1.4 to 27), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.0 to 22), and celiac disease (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0 to 4.8). All of these conditions were also associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and some were associated with marginal zone, lymphoplasmacytic, or T-cell lymphoma. Ever use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic corticosteroids, and selected immunosuppressants was associated with risk of NHL in rheumatoid arthritis patients but not in subjects without rheumatoid arthritis. Also, multivariable adjustment for treatment had little impact on risk estimates. Psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory bowel disorders were not associated with increased risk of NHL overall or of any NHL subtype. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the associations between certain autoimmune disorders and risk of NHL and suggest that the associations may not be general but rather mediated through specific NHL subtypes. These NHL subtypes develop during postantigen exposure stages of lymphocyte differentiation, consistent with a role of antigenic drive in autoimmunity-related lymphomagenesis.
What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns

Many industries are geographically concentrated. Many mechanisms that could account for such agglomeration have been proposed. We note that these theories make different predictions about which pairs of industries should be coagglomerated. We discuss the measurement of coagglomeration and use data from the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Research Database from 1972 to 1997 to compute pairwise coagglomeration measurements for U.S. manufacturing industries. Industry attributes are used to construct measures of the relevance of each of Marshall's three theories of industry agglomeration to each industry pair: (1) agglomeration saves transport costs by proximity to input suppliers or final consumers, (2) agglomeration allows for labor market pooling, and (3) agglomeration facilitates intellectual spillovers. We assess the importance of the theories via regressions of coagglomeration indices on these measures. Data on characteristics of corresponding industries in the United Kingdom are used as instruments. We find evidence to support each mechanism. Our results suggest that input-output dependencies are the most important factor, followed by labor pooling.
A shift in erythrocyte histone H1 complement following selection in quail (Coturnix japonica)

This work was aimed at comparing distribution of isoforms for polymorphic histone H1 variants H1.b and H1.z and variably abundant histone H1.d subtype between quail ( Coturnix japonica ) population selected for a high egg yolk cholesterol content and the control birds. The isoforms of histone H1.b (H1.b1, H1.b2) and histone H1.z (H1.z1, H1.z2) differed in their apparent molecular weights judging from their differential migration rates in one- and two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Stained histone H1.d bands and spots in one-dimensional acetic acid-urea and two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel patterns, respectively, exhibited differential intensities among quail individuals. Histone H1.d phenotypes with high (d h ), intermediate (d h d l ), and low (d l ) amount of protein, displaying a small within-phenotype variability of the protein band intensities (coefficients of band variation below a threshold value of 0.25) were shown to be inherited in a Mendelian fashion with two alleles at a locus contributing to the band intensity. The frequencies of histone H1 alleles at loci H1.b (χ 2 = 13.32, d.f. = 1, P < 0.001), H1.z (χ 2 = 21.84, d.f. = 1, P < 0.001), and H1.d (χ 2 = 8.98, d.f. = 1, P < 0.01) were found to be statistically significant among the control and selected population. In general, a moderate degree of genetic divergence (F ST equal to 0.07 and 0.1 at loci H1.b and H1.z, respectively) was observed among the control and selected quail populations. Selection may directly or indirectly affect the complement of H1 histones because of their presumably differential interactions with DNA and/or DNA-associated proteins resulting in alterations in the chromatin function.
SME e-procurement adoption in Hong Kong - the roles of power, trust and value

The objective of this research is to test a model of electronic procurement (e-procurement) adoption behavior by small- to medium-sized enterprises (SME). We investigate the phenomenon from the perspective of buyer-seller relationship and argue that, value of e-procurement adoption, trust on supplier, trust on IT, power of e-procurement and power of suppliers are factors leading to SME's adoption behavior. Research findings from the four case studies provide some evidence that the former four factors have significant effect on SME's e-procurement adoption behavior when the last one does not. This study contributes to a better understanding of how and why SME in Hong Kong employ e-procurement using a snapshot approach. Practical and theoretical implications are also provided.
Pricing Model for TV White Spaces Channels With Different Priorities

A new type of TV white space (TVWS) channel called the high priority channel (HPC) has been proposed by the regulator of Singapore. The HPCs are TVWS channels that will always be available to unlicensed white space devices (WSDs) although a white space database (WSDB) provider may impose fees to WSDs for using HPCs. The HPC is of interest to WSDB providers since it creates a new business opportunity for them. In this letter, we investigate the optimal fee for using HPCs such that the WSDB provider achieves the maximum revenue. The solution of the optimal fee is provided in this letter. From this study, it is observed that WSDB provider should not always increase the fee when the total number of WSDs increases as our results show that sometimes lowering the fee to attract more WSDs to use HPCs actually increases the revenue.
Neural induction: old problem, new findings, yet more questions

During neural induction, the embryonic neural plate is specified and set aside from other parts of the ectoderm. A popular molecular explanation is the `default model' of neural induction, which proposes that ectodermal cells give rise to neural plate if they receive no signals at all, while BMP activity directs them to become epidermis. However, neural induction now appears to be more complex than once thought, and can no longer be fully explained by the default model alone. This review summarizes neural induction events in different species and highlights some unanswered questions about this important developmental process.
Assessing the axonal translocation of CeO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles in the sciatic nerve fibers of the frog: an ex vivo electrophysiological study

The axonal translocation of two commonly used nanoparticles in medicine, namely CeO2 and SiO2, is investigated. The study was conducted on frog sciatic nerve fibers in an ex vivo preparation. Nanoparticles were applied at the proximal end of the excised nerve. A nerve stimulation protocol was followed for over 35 hours. Nerve vitality curve comparison between control and exposed nerves showed that CeO2 has no neurotoxic effect at the concentrations tested. After exposure, specimens were fixed and then screen scanned every 1 mm along their length for nanoparticle presence by means of Fourier transform infrared microscopy. We demonstrated that both nanoparticles translocate within the nerve by formation of narrow bands in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum. For the CeO2, we also demonstrated that the translocation depends on both axonal integrity and electrical activity. The speed of translocation for the two species was estimated in the range of 0.45–0.58 mm/h, close to slow axonal transportation rate. Transmission electron microscopy provided direct evidence for the presence of SiO2 in the treated nerves.
Attention Modulates Spatial Precision in Multiple-Object Tracking

We present a computational model of multiple-object tracking that makes trial-level predictions about the allocation of visual attention and the effect of this allocation on observers' ability to track multiple objects simultaneously. This model follows the intuition that increased attention to a location increases the spatial resolution of its internal representation. Using a combination of empirical and computational experiments, we demonstrate the existence of a tight coupling between cognitive and perceptual resources in this task: Low-level tracking of objects generates bottom-up predictions of error likelihood, and high-level attention allocation selectively reduces error probabilities in attended locations while increasing it at non-attended locations. Whereas earlier models of multiple-object tracking have predicted the big picture relationship between stimulus complexity and response accuracy, our approach makes accurate predictions of both the macro-scale effect of target number and velocity on tracking difficulty and micro-scale variations in difficulty across individual trials and targets arising from the idiosyncratic within-trial interactions of targets and distractors.
The genus Hammondia is paraphyletic

The phylogenetic relationships amongst Hammondia, Neospora and Toxoplasma were investigated by DNA sequence comparisons of the D2/D3 domain of the large subunit ribosomal DNA and the internal transcribed spacer 1. The results obtained allow us to reject the hypothesis that N. caninum and H. heydorni are the same species and show that Hammondia hammondi is probably the sister taxon to Toxoplasma gondii.
Detailed OFDM modeling in network simulation of mobile ad hoc networks

In mobile ad hoc network (MANET) studies, it is imperative to use highly detailed device models as they provide high layer protocols with good prediction of underlying wireless communication performance. However, such studies often utilize abstract models for execution speed and simplicity. This paper first shows that physical layer variables including path loss, shadowing, multipath, Doppler have significant effects on the predicted overall networking performance. It then proposes an approach to simulate details of wireless propagation and radio characteristics in networking studies while still maintaining a reasonable simulation execution time. Through our runtime performance studies with detailed OFDM Simulink/MATLAB models and QualNet network simulator, it is shown that the proposed approach can improve the simulation runtime performance by three to four orders of magnitudes without compromising the fidelity of simulation results.