Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diverse subtypes of astrocytes and their development during corticogenesis

Astrocytes are one of the most abundant cell types in the mammalian central nervous system, and are known to have a wide variety of physiological functions, including maintenance of neurons, formation of the blood brain barrier, and regulation of synapse functions. Although the migration and positioning of neurons has been extensively studied over the last several decades and many aspects have been uncovered, the process underlying glial development was largely unknown until recently due to the existence of multiple subtypes of glia and the sustained proliferative ability of these cells through adulthood. To overcome these difficulties, new gene transfer techniques and genetically modified mice were developed, and have been gradually revealing when and how astrocytes develop during corticogenesis. In this paper, I review the diversity of astrocytes and summarize our knowledge about their production and migration.
The Developmental Trajectories of Peer Victimization in Middle to Late Childhood and the Changing Nature of Their Behavioral Correlates

This study investigated the evolving relations between peer victimization and social/emotional difficulties in middle to late childhood. Peer assessments of peer victimization and social/emotional difficulties (aggressive behavior, social withdrawal, and emotional vulnerability) were collected over 4 years for 1,035 children attending Grades 3–6 and were analyzed via cross-lagged panels and trajectory analyses. All dimensions were highly stable and significantly related initially. Peer victimization became progressively less related to aggression and increasingly associated with withdrawal. Bidirectional contributions over 1-year periods were found between withdrawal and emotional vulnerability and victimization. Trajectory analyses revealed heterogeneity in peer victimization patterns, with a small group of children (4.5%) being extremely victimized and with another group (10%), less severely, but increasingly victimized over time. Compared to nonvictimized children, these children were generally more emotional and became less aggressive but more socially withdrawn over time. These small behavioral changes were not associated with decreases in victimization.
Norwegian scabies mimicking rupioid psoriasis*

Norwegian scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by an ectoparasite, Scarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis, which mainly affects immunosuppressed individuals. Clinically, it may simulate various dermatoses such as psoriasis, Darier's disease, seborrheic dermatitis, among others. This is a case report of a 33-year-old woman, immunocompetent, diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (cancer phobia), who had erythematous, well-defined plaques, covered with rupioid crusts, on her neck, axillary folds, breast, periumbilical region, groin area, besides upper back and elbows, mimicking an extremely rare variant of psoriasis, denominated rupioid psoriasis.
Mediation of Enhanced Transcription of the IL-10 Gene in T Cells, Upon Contact with Human Glioma Cells, by Fas Signaling Through a Protein Kinase A-Independent Pathway 1

Elevated expression of IL-10 has been frequently observed in tumor tissues and tumor-infiltrating cells. We show herein that transcription of the IL-10 gene in primary peripheral T cells and T cell lines is up-regulated upon contact with glioma cells without an induction of apoptosis in those T cells. Glioma-associated IL-10 induction was suppressed by interrupting the engagement of Fas and its ligand (Fas-L) with the antagonistic Ab, ZB4, by reducing Fas-L expression of glioma cells using the Fas-L-specific ribozyme, or by preventing cell-to-cell contact in a Transwell culture setting. Cross-linking of Fas with the agonistic Ab, CH-11, triggered apoptosis and enhanced the expression of IL-10 in Jurkat cells at the transcriptional and translational levels. Inhibiting caspase activities by caspase inhibitors, Z-VAD (Z-Val-Ala-Asp(Ome)-fluoromethylketone) and Z-IETD (Z-Ile-Glu(Ome)-Thr(Ome)-Asp(Ome)-fluoromethylketone), abolished this IL-10 induction in Jurkat cells. Intracellular staining detected IL-10 proteins in Fas-cross-linked Jurkat cells and in PHA-activated T cells. However, few IL-10 proteins were detectable in Jurkat cells cocultured with glioma cells, indicating a requirement of other factors for IL-10 production. Direct activation of protein kinase A (PKA) by forskolin elevated the transcription of IL-10 in Jurkat cells. However, KT5720, a selective PKA inhibitor, reduced neither anti-Fas-triggered nor glioma-associated IL-10 expression. Phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein and activating transcription factor-1 in Jurkat cells was not affected by coculturing with glioma cells or by anti-Fas treatment, further suggesting a PKA-independent pathway. In summary, our results demonstrate nonlethal cross-talk between tumor and immune cells leading to IL-10 dysregulation in T cells, which might contribute to Fas-L+ tumor-associated immunosuppression.
Efficient macromodeling for on-chip interconnects

The improved T and improved /spl Pi/ models are proposed for on-chip interconnect macromodeling. Using global approximations, simple approximation frames are derived and applied to modeling of on-chip distributed RC interconnects. The applications lead to equivalent circuit models for on-chip interconnects, which are represented by the improved T and improved /spl Pi/ models. By matching the first three moments of an open-ended interconnect, the improved /spl Pi/ model with AWE is consequently obtained, which retains the symmetric structure. The new models for distributed RC interconnects are independent of CMOS gates, and therefore can be directly incorporated into SPICE frames. Numerical experiments show that for current feature sizes, the improved T and improved /spl Pi/ modeling methods can be used to accurately evaluate on-chip interconnect effects, while the computational costs are comparable to the original T and original /spl Pi/ modeling. The presented macromodeling approaches are useful for quick simulation and layout optimization.
An additional role for the Brønsted acid-base catalysts of mandelate racemase in transition state stabilization.

Mandelate racemase (MR) catalyzes the interconversion of the enantiomers of mandelate and serves as a paradigm for understanding the enzyme-catalyzed abstraction of an α-proton from a carbon acid substrate with a high pKa. The enzyme utilizes a two-base mechanism with Lys 166 and His 297 acting as Brønsted acid and base catalysts, respectively, in the R → S reaction direction. In the S → R reaction direction, their roles are reversed. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), MR is shown to bind the intermediate/transition state (TS) analogue inhibitor benzohydroxamate (BzH) in an entropy-driven process with a value of ΔCp equal to -358 ± 3 cal mol(-1) K(-1), consistent with an increased number of hydrophobic interactions. However, MR binds BzH with an affinity that is ∼2 orders of magnitude greater than that predicted solely on the basis of hydrophobic interactions [St. Maurice, M. , and Bearne, S. L. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 2524], suggesting that additional specific interactions contribute to binding. To test the hypothesis that cation-π/NH-π interactions between the side chains of Lys 166 and His 297 and the aromatic ring and/or the hydroxamate/hydroximate moiety of BzH contribute to the binding of BzH, site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate the MR variants K166M, K166C, H297N, and K166M/H297N and their binding affinity for various ligands determined using ITC. Comparison of the binding affinities of these MR variants with the intermediate/TS analogues BzH and cyclohexanecarbohydroxamate revealed that cation-π/NH-π interactions between His 297 and the hydroxamate/hydroximate moiety and the phenyl ring of BzH contribute approximately 0.26 and 0.91 kcal/mol to binding, respectively, while interactions with Lys 166 contribute approximately 1.74 and 1.74 kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, comparison of the binding affinities of these mutants with substrate analogues revealed that Lys 166 contributes >2.93 kcal/mol to the binding of (R)-atrolactate, and His 297 contributes 2.46 kcal/mol to the binding of (S)-atrolactate. These results are consistent with Lys 166 and His 297 playing dual roles in catalysis: they act as Brønsted acid-base catalysts, and they stabilize both the enolate moiety and phenyl ring of the altered substrate in the TS.
MrBayes tgMC3: A Tight GPU Implementation of MrBayes

MrBayes is model-based phylogenetic inference tool using Bayesian statistics. However, model-based assessment of phylogenetic trees adds to the computational burden of tree-searching, and so poses significant computational challenges. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been proposed as high performance, low cost acceleration platforms and several parallelized versions of the Metropolis Coupled Markov Chain Mote Carlo (MC3) algorithm in MrBayes have been presented that can run on GPUs. However, some bottlenecks decrease the efficiency of these implementations. To address these bottlenecks, we propose a tight GPU MC3 (tgMC3) algorithm. tgMC3 implements a different architecture from the one-to-one acceleration architecture employed in previously proposed methods. It merges multiply discrete GPU kernels according to the data dependency and hence decreases the number of kernels launched and the complexity of data transfer. We implemented tgMC3 and made performance comparisons with an earlier proposed algorithm, nMC3, and also with MrBayes MC3 under serial and multiply concurrent CPU processes. All of the methods were benchmarked on the same computing node from DEGIMA. Experiments indicate that the tgMC3 method outstrips nMC3 (v1.0) with speedup factors from 2.1 to 2.7×. In addition, tgMC3 outperforms the serial MrBayes MC3 by a factor of 6 to 30× when using a single GTX480 card, whereas a speedup factor of around 51× can be achieved by using two GTX 480 cards on relatively long sequences. Moreover, tgMC3 was compared with MrBayes accelerated by BEAGLE, and achieved speedup factors from 3.7 to 5.7×. The reported performance improvement of tgMC3 is significant and appears to scale well with increasing dataset sizes. In addition, the strategy proposed in tgMC3 could benefit the acceleration of other Bayesian-based phylogenetic analysis methods using GPUs.
Screening for depression in elderly Indian population

Background: The point prevalence of depressive disorders in the elderly population in India varies from 13 to 25%. Since the World Health Organization (five) Well-being Index (1998 version) is simple and easy to administer, an attempt is made to evaluate the Indian version of this instrument to identify depression in the elderly Indian community. Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence of depression among the elderly population of rural areas of Udupi district, Karnataka, India. (2) To determine the validity and reliability of WHO (five) Well-being Index (1998 version) as a screening instrument to identify depressive disorders in elderly population in this Indian setting. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of eight months (from March 1 to October 31, 2002) in the three taluks of Udupi, Kundapura, and Karkala; belonging to the Udupi district of South India. We selected 627 people in the age group of 60 years and above for the study. Simple random sampling, without replacement method, using the probability proportionate to size (PPS) technique was used. The WHO (five) well-being index (1998 version) was validated against the major International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) depression inventory of mastering depression in primary care version 2.2. Proportions and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated and Kappa statistics was applied to determine the reliability of the screening instrument. P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of depression in elderly population was determined to be 21.7% (95% CI = 18.4 - 24.9). The Indian version of WHO-five well-being index (1998 version) showed a sensitivity of 97.0%, specificity of 86.4%, positive predictive value of 66.3% and an overall accuracy of 0.89. The Kappa statistics showed significantly high reliability of k = 0.71. Conclusion: The Indian version of "WHO (five) Well-being Index (1998 version)" was found to be an effective instrument for identifying depression in elderly Indian community.
CHOROIDAL DETACHMENT

The choroid (pronounced “CORE-oyd”) is a spongy layer of blood vessels that lines the back wall of the eye between the retina and the sclera (or the white part of the eye). It plays an important role in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the outer half of the retina. The choroid is normally directly next to the sclera, but can be displaced by fluid or blood, leading to a choroidal detachment (separation).
Reconfigurable Transmitarray Design Approaches for Beamforming Applications

Recent advances in wireless sensing and communications have resulted in the need for antennas capable of high-directivity reconfigurable beamforming. Transmitarrays have been shown to be viable architectures, and two general design approaches have emerged: the layered-scatterer approach and the guided-wave approach. In this paper, we first investigate the beamforming capability of the layered-scatterer approach, generalizing the approach using impedance surfaces. Using Floquet mode analysis, we show that when a structure of this type is used to produce a pencil beam at angles greater than 20 degrees off-broadside, significant side-lobes are produced at large angles, regardless of the aperture size. Next, we present a fully reconfigurable 6 × 6 transmitarray based on a guided-wave approach that experimentally demonstrates both pencil beam scanning over a 100 × 100-degree window as well as shaped-beam synthesis, over a 10 percent fractional bandwidth. The conclusion from our investigations into these two approaches is that for general beamforming applications, the guided-wave approach is superior, achieving good bandwidth, scanning range, insertion loss, and small structure thickness, with only moderate fabrication complexity.
An Examination of Magical Beliefs as Predictors of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions

Research suggests that the magical belief constructs of superstition, thought-action fusion (TAF), and magical ideation are related to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). However, the nature of these relationships is poorly understood. The current study improved on methodological limitations of previous studies and used the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) to conceptualize OCD as a dimensional construct. Relationships between magical belief constructs and four OCD symptom dimensions were examined in a large sample of undergraduates. The magical belief constructs were found to differentially predict all four OCD symptom dimensions. Specifically, magical ideation predicted the following three OCD symptom dimensions: contamination concerns and cleaning/washing compulsions; unacceptable violent, religious, and sexual obsessions and related compulsions; and symmetry obsessions and ordering compulsions. Superstition and TAF Likelihood-Self both predicted obsessions about responsibility for harm, injury, or bad luck and related compulsions. TAF Moral also predicted contamination concerns and cleaning/washing compulsions. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
QoE and energy consumption evaluation of adaptive video streaming on mobile device

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a standard for media streaming that has been largely adopted, as it allows improved quality of experience (QoE) and the streaming host only needs to adopt conventional web server infrastructure. Despite DASH's feasibility for enhancing QoE, mobile devices are constrained by battery capacity, and video streaming can be a major source of energy consumption. This work evaluates DASH for video streaming on mobile device, taking into account QoE and energy consumption, and the following factors are investigated: (i) network technology; (ii) network bandwidth; and (iii) video type (with and without DASH). Results demonstrate these factors and their interactions can have great influence on energy consumption and QoE.
The Magellanic Stream, High-Velocity Clouds, and the Sculptor Group

The Magellanic Stream is a 100° × 10° filament of gas that lies within the Galactic halo and contains ~2 × 108 M☉ of neutral hydrogen. In this paper we present data from the H I Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS) in the first complete survey of the entire Magellanic Stream and its surroundings. We also present a summary of the reprocessing techniques used to recover large-scale structure in the Stream. The substantial improvement in spatial resolution and angular coverage compared to previous surveys reveals a variety of prominent features, including bifurcation along the main Stream filament; dense, isolated clouds that follow the entire length of the Stream; head-tail structures; and a complex filamentary web at the head of the Stream where gas is being freshly stripped away from the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Bridge. Debris that appears to be of Magellanic origin extends out to 20° from the main Stream filaments. The Magellanic Stream has a velocity gradient of 700 km s-1 from the Clouds to the tail of the Stream, ~390 km s-1 greater than that due to Galactic rotation alone, therefore implying a noncircular orbit. The dual filaments comprising the Stream are likely to be relics from gas stripped separately from the Magellanic Bridge and the SMC. This implies that (1) the Bridge is somewhat older than conventionally assumed; and (2) the Clouds have been bound together for at least one or two orbits. The transverse velocity gradient of the Stream also appears to support long-term binary motion of the Clouds. A significant number of the most elongated cataloged Stream clouds (containing ~1% of the Stream mass) have position angles aligned along the Stream. This suggests the presence of shearing motions within the Stream, arising from tidal forces or interaction with the tenuous Galactic halo. As previously noted, clouds within one region of the Stream, along the sight line to the less distant half (southern half on the sky) of the Sculptor Group, show anomalous properties. There are more clouds along this sight line than any other part of the Stream, and their velocity distribution significantly deviates from the gradient along the Stream. We argue that this deviation could be due to a combination of halo material, and not to distant Sculptor clouds, based on a spatial and kinematic comparison between the Sculptor Group galaxies and the anomalous clouds and the lack of cloud detection in the northern half of the group. This result has significant implications for the hypothesis that there might exist distant, massive high-velocity clouds within the Local Group. Cataloged clouds within the Magellanic Stream do not have a preferred scale size. Their mass spectrum f(M) ∝ M and column density spectrum f(N) ∝ N are steep compared with Lyα absorbers and galaxies, and similar to the anomalous clouds along the Sculptor Group sight line.
Reliability and validity of data for 2 newly developed shuttle run tests in children with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of data obtained with 2 newly developed shuttle run tests (SRT-I and SRT-II) to measure aerobic power in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were classified at level I or II on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The SRT-I was developed for children at GMFCS level I, and the SRT-II was developed for children at GMFCS level II. SUBJECTS Twenty-five children and adolescents with CP (10 female, 15 male; mean age = 11.9 years, SD = 2.9), classified at GMFCS level I (n = 14) or level II (n = 11), participated in the study. METHODS To assess test-retest reliability of data for the 10-m shuttle run tests, the subjects performed the same test within 2 weeks. To examine validity, the shuttle run tests were compared with a GMFCS level-based treadmill test designed to measure peak oxygen uptake. RESULTS Statistical analyses revealed test-retest reliability for exercise time (number of levels completed) (intraclass correlation coefficients of .97 for the SRT-I and .99 for the SRT-II) and reliability for peak heart rate attained during the final level (intraclass correlation coefficients of .87 for the SRT-I and .94 for the SRT-II). High correlations were found for the relationship between data for both shuttle run tests and data for the treadmill test (r = .96 for both). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results suggest that both 10-m shuttle run tests yield reliable and valid data. Moreover, the shuttle run tests have advantages over a treadmill test for children with CP who are able to walk and run (GMFCS level I or II).
Hepatoprotective Effect of Artichoke Extract against Pre-cancerous Lesion of Experimentally Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver. It is now the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The incidence of HCC is highest in Asia and Africa, where the endemic high prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C strongly predisposes to the development of chronic liver disease and subsequent development of HCC. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of cynara scolymus leaves extract against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 3ml/kg b.wt -induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar albino rats. Main methods: rats were pretreated with Cynara scolymus extract, silymarin or both for six weeks prior to the injection of NDEA. Then rats administered with a single intraperitoneal injection of NDEA followed by subcutaneous injections of CCl4 once a week for 6 weeks and the pretreatment was continued for another six weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis and liver tissues were histopathologically examined. Results of the current study showed significant increase in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) as well as significant decrease in albumin was observed in NDEA-intoxicated group, compared to normal control group. Pretreatment with Cynara scolymus extract, silymarin and their combination limited the increase in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and produced significant increase in albumin, compared to NDEA- intoxicated group. Histopathological examination of liver of NDEA and Ccl4 treated group revealed obvious cellular damage and hepatocellular carcinoma with frequent mitotic activity and nuclear pleomorphism, meanwhile other groups pretreated with either silymarin, Cynara scolymus extract or a combination of silymarin and Cynara scolymus extract revealed improvement in the liver architecture . The current results indicated that Cynara scolymus extract possess hepatoprotective effect. (Ramadan, A., Nehal A. Afifi, Nemat Z. Yassin, Rehab F. Abdel-Rahman, Azza H. M. Hassan and Hany M. Fayed. Hepatoprotective Effect of Artichoke Extract against Pre-cancerous Lesion of Experimentally Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(4):43-50). (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 4