Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Effects Observed in Child Burn Patients During the Acute Phase of Hospitalization and Comparison With Pediatric Patients Awaiting Surgery

The main aim of this article is to examine, first, the emotional and behavioral reactions in children who have suffered burns, during their first days of hospitalization (N = 103) (ages, 1–17 years and average TBSA%, 12.84). In addition, in relationship to this question, the article compares a group of 33 of these children hospitalized for burns, with children awaiting surgery (N = 36), taking into account that all were awaiting surgery and all were from the same age group (6–14 years). The authors used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). For the population of 103 burn patients, the authors also used the Scale for Anxiety Behavior Observation during Hospitalization for the parents. The majority of children who suffer from burns are younger than 5 years. All present high levels of state anxiety and lower than average levels in trait anxiety. The older children suffer flame burns, which are greater in gravity and pain, require greater hospitalization time, and cause greater emotional and behavioral effects. The results of the comparison group show that the group awaiting minor surgery registered higher state anxiety (STAIC) levels and somatic complaints (CBCL). Where behavior is concerned, the children suffering from burns showed problems of attention and behavior (CBCL). The authors may conclude that the differences with respect to anxiety among child patients suffering from burns and those awaiting minor surgery are linked to the reason for hospital admission.
A Broadband Artificial Magnetic Conductor Reflecting Screen and Application in Microstrip Antenna for Radar Cross-Section Reduction

A miniaturized artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflecting screen with broad bandwidth (12.1–20.5 GHz, 51.5%) and polarization independence is proposed, which is arranged in a chessboard-like screen by combining two different square AMC unit cells to obtain a wide effective reflection phase difference of 180° ± 30°. It is applied in a microstrip antenna for radar cross-section (RCS) reduction based on the principle of destructive interference. The simulated results indicated that the in-band RCS reduction is achieved from 13.4–20.5 GHz (47.7%), corresponding to the range of effective phase difference. Besides, the out-of-band RCS reduction is also realized in this letter. The domain of −10 dB RCS reduction is widened to 13.4–26.9 GHz (67.0%) because of the cancellation between approximately perfect electric conductors and AMC. Moreover, the radiation performance of the composite antenna is kept well. Finally, the proposed low-RCS microstrip antenna is manufactured and measured. The measured results coincide well with the simulated counterpart.
Pulmonary Artery Enlargement Is Associated With Cardiac Injury During Severe Exacerbations of COPD.

BACKGROUND Relative pulmonary arterial enlargement, defined by a pulmonary artery to aorta (PA/A) ratio > 1 on CT scanning, predicts hospitalization for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). However, it is unclear how AECOPD affect the PA/A ratio. We hypothesized that the PA/A ratio would increase at the time of AECOPD and that a ratio > 1 would be associated with worse clinical outcomes. METHODS Patients discharged with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis of AECOPD from a single center over a 5-year period were identified. Patients were included who had a CT scan performed during the stable period prior to the index AECOPD episode as well as a CT scan at the time of hospitalization. A subset of patients also underwent postexacerbation CT scans. The pulmonary arterial diameter, ascending aortic diameter, and the PA/A ratio were measured on CT scans. Demographic data, comorbidities, troponin level, and hospital outcome data were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 134 patients were included in the study. They had a mean age of 65 ± 10 years, 47% were male, and 69% were white; overall, patients had a mean FEV1 of 47% ± 19%. The PA/A ratio increased from baseline at the time of exacerbation (0.97 ± 0.15 from 0.91 ± 0.17; P < .001). Younger age and known pulmonary hypertension were independently associated with an exacerbation PA/A ratio > 1. Patients with PA/A ratio > 1 had higher troponin values. Those with a PA/A ratio > 1 and troponin levels > 0.01 ng/mL had increased acute respiratory failure, ICU admission, or inpatient mortality compared with those without both factors (P = .0028). The PA/A ratio returned to baseline values following AECOPD. CONCLUSIONS The PA/A ratio increased at the time of severe AECOPD and a ratio > 1 predicted cardiac injury and a more severe hospital course.
Time to School Re-Entry After Burn Injury Is Quite Short

Returning to school is an important indicator of functional aptitude and emotional adjustment in school-aged patients after burn injury. Only two reports in the burn literature provide objective data on time to school re-entry. However, these analyses did not address the impact of patient and burn injury characteristics on time to return to school. The purpose of this study was to determine the time for school re-entry and to identify the factors associated with re-entry time in a cohort of burned children treated at our burn center. We performed a retrospective review of all school age children treated at our burn center from 1997 to 2003 who were entered into a federally funded longitudinal research database for patients with severe burn injury. Time to school re-entry after discharge was calculated for each patient, and multivariate regression was used to identify the factors associated with longer time to return to school. A total of 64 patients were included in this study. The average time to school re-entry was 10.5 days (range, 0–40) and the median time was 7.5 days. Gender (male), age, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated (P < .05) with longer time to return to school. The average time to school return is quite short. Further studies are needed to increase understanding of the factors influencing longer time to re-entry and also to examine children’s experiences upon re-entry.
Restructuring Charges, FAS 146, and the Accrual Anomaly

In this study, we examine the role of restructuring charges in the existence and subsequent weakening of the widely documented accrual anomaly. We find that prior to 2003 the significant positive abnormal hedge returns experienced by accrual based strategies were influenced by a subset of firms with high restructuring charges. After 2003, with the introduction of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146 changing the accounting for restructuring charges, restructuring firms no longer experience significant abnormal returns thereby weakening the accrual anomaly. Our results suggest that the regulatory changes have had an effect on impairing the role of restructuring charges in the accrual anomaly by improving the market's ability to correctly assess the valuation implications of restructuring charges in the low accruals portfolios.
Robots And Racism

Most robots currently being sold or developed are either stylized with white material or have a metallic appearance. In this research we used the shooter bias paradigm and several questionnaires to investigate if people automatically identify robots as being racialized, such that we might say that some robots are "White" while others are "Asian", or "Black". To do so, we conducted an extended replication of the classic social psychological shooter bias paradigm using robot stimuli to explore whether effects known from human-human intergroup experiments would generalize to robots that were racialized as Black and White. Reaction-time based measures revealed that participants demonstrated ‘shooter-bias’ toward both Black people and robot racialized as Black. Participants were also willing to attribute a race to the robots depending on their racialization and demonstrated a high degree of inter-subject agreement when it came to these attributions.
Marital-role quality and stress-related psychobiological indicators

Background: The quality of one’s marital relationship is gaining recognition as a potential stressor associated with negative health outcomes.Purpose: In this study, we estimated the relationship between marital-role quality and three psychobiological stress indicators (self-reported stress, cortisol levels, and ambulatory blood pressure). Method: Participants were 105 middle-age adults (67 men, 38 women) who had previously taken part in the Whitehall psychobiology study. Ambulatory monitoring and saliva sampling were carried out over a working day, and marital relationships were assessed with the Marital/Partner Role Quality scales.Results: We found that marital-role concerns (but not marital-role rewards) were related to all three psychobiological stress indicators; results did not vary by gender. Specifically, participants with more marital concerns reported greater stress throughout the day (p=.014), showed an attenuated cortisol increase following waking (p=.042) and a flatter cortisol slope over the day (p=.010), and had elevated ambulatory diastolic blood pressure over the middle of the workday (p=.004), with a similar trend in systolic pressure (p=.069). Conclusions: The results suggest that in addition to the carryover of work stress into domestic life that has been evident for many years, there are also influences of domestic strain on biological function over the working day and evening. Previous research suggests that a possible mechanism linking troubled marriages to health outcomes is depressed immune functioning. This study suggests a second mechanism—poorer stress-related biological response.
Old Bands, New Tracks—Revisiting the Band Model for Robust Hypothesis Testing

The density band model proposed by Kassam [1] for robust hypothesis testing is revisited. First, a novel criterion for the general characterization of least favorable distributions is proposed that unifies existing results. This criterion is then used to derive an implicit definition of the least favorable distributions under band uncertainties. In contrast to the existing solution, it only requires two scalar values to be determined and eliminates the need for case-by-case statements. Based on this definition, a generic fixed-point algorithm is proposed that iteratively calculates the least favorable distributions for arbitrary band specifications. Finally, three different types of robust tests that emerge from band models are discussed and a numerical example is presented to illustrate their potential use in practice.
Understanding Linux Malware

For the past two decades, the security community has been fighting malicious programs for Windows-based operating systems. However, the recent surge in adoption of embedded devices and the IoT revolution are rapidly changing the malware landscape. Embedded devices are profoundly different than traditional personal computers. In fact, while personal computers run predominantly on x86-flavored architectures, embedded systems rely on a variety of different architectures. In turn, this aspect causes a large number of these systems to run some variants of the Linux operating system, pushing malicious actors to give birth to ""Linux malware. "" To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no comprehensive study attempting to characterize, analyze, and understand Linux malware. The majority of resources on the topic are available as sparse reports often published as blog posts, while the few systematic studies focused on the analysis of specific families of malware (e.g., the Mirai botnet) mainly by looking at their network-level behavior, thus leaving the main challenges of analyzing Linux malware unaddressed. This work constitutes the first step towards filling this gap. After a systematic exploration of the challenges involved in the process, we present the design and implementation details of the first malware analysis pipeline specifically tailored for Linux malware. We then present the results of the first large-scale measurement study conducted on 10,548 malware samples (collected over a time frame of one year) documenting detailed statistics and insights that can help directing future work in the area.
TSH ≥2.5 mIU/l is Associated with the Increased Oxidative Damage to Membrane Lipids in Women of Childbearing Age with Normal Thyroid Tests

Abstract According to current recommendations, a TSH value of <2.5 mIU/l should be maintained during preconception and pregnancy. The same recommendation, however, does not relate to all women of childbearing age. The aim of the study was to evaluate relationship between lipid peroxidation (LPO; index of oxidative damage to membrane lipids) and thyroid tests and other parameters, which may be affected by thyroid dysfunction, in euthyroid women of childbearing age. Ninety nine female inpatients with normal thyroid tests (TSH 0.27–4.2 mIU/l), aged 18–48 years, were prospectively enrolled. Blood concentrations of malondialdehyde+4-hydroxyalkenals (LPO index) were measured spectrophotometrically. Thyroid tests (TSH, FT4, FT3), thyroid antibodies and other laboratory parameters [cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDLC), LDL cholesterol, HDLC/cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, glucose, CRP, iron] were measured with standard methods. Blood LPO level was higher in women with TSH≥2.5 mIU/l than in women with TSH<2.5 mIU/l. Positive correlation was found between TSH concentration and LPO level (r=0.210, p=0.037). In the univariate regression analysis, blood LPO level did constitute the only independent factor associated with TSH≥2.5 mIU/l. Abnormal HDLC/cholesterol ratio occurred more frequently in subjects with TSH≥2.5 mIU/l. Additionally, LPO level correlated positively with triglyceride concentration (r=0.340, p=0.001), whereas it correlated negatively with HDLC concentration (r=–0.335, p=0.001) and with HDL/cholesterol ratio (r=–0.331, p=0.001). In conclusion, in women of childbearing age with normal thyroid tests, TSH≥2.5 mIU/l is associated with higher oxidative damage to membrane lipids and less favorable lipid profile, which supports our standpoint that TSH of less than 2.5 mIU/l should be maintained in all women of childbearing age.
Galaxy Zoo:quantifying morphological indicators of galaxy interaction

We use Galaxy Zoo 2 visual classifications to study the morphological signatures of interaction between similar-mass galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that many observable features correlate with projected pair separation – not only obvious indicators of merging, disturbance and tidal tails, but also more regular features, such as spiral arms and bars. These trends are robustly quantified, using a control sample to account for observational biases, producing measurements of the strength and separation scale of various morphological responses to pair interaction. For example, we find that the presence of spiral features is enhanced at scales ≲ 70 h− 170 kpc, probably due to both increased star formation and the formation of tidal tails. On the other hand, the likelihood of identifying a bar decreases significantly in pairs with separations ≲ 30 h− 170 kpc, suggesting that bars are suppressed by close interactions between galaxies of similar mass. We go on to show how morphological indicators of physical interactions provide a way of significantly refining standard estimates for the frequency of close pair interactions, based on velocity offset and projected separation. The presence of loosely wound spiral arms is found to be a particularly reliable signal of an interaction, for projected pair separations up to ∼100 h− 170 kpc. We use this indicator to demonstrate our method, constraining the fraction of low-redshift galaxies in truly interacting pairs, with M* > 109.5 M⊙ and mass ratio <4, to be between 0.4 and 2.7 per cent.
Modeling and reconfiguration of middle Egypt distribution network

This paper develops a new power flow algorithm that can be used for modeling radial distribution networks. The model is valid for any number of laterals or sub-laterals with unlimited number of nodes. The algorithm is based on Backward/Forward Sweep method and has been programmed under MATLAB platform version R2016b. The validity of the proposed model is tested on the 69-node test feeder. The results are compared to those of other publications. The comparison has asserted the effectiveness of the proposed model to analyse distribution networks. A practical case study of 11 kV distribution network feeds residential rural loads in middle Egypt is modelled and analyzed by the proposed program. The model confirms that the reconfiguration improves the behaviour of the network, releases more capacity of the same existing assets and reduces the power losses.
Motivation Modulates Visual Attention: Evidence from Pupillometry

Increasing evidence suggests that action planning does not only affect the preparation and execution of overt actions but also “works back” to tune the perceptual system toward action-relevant information. We investigated whether the amount of this impact of action planning on perceptual selection varies as a function of motivation for action, which was assessed online by means of pupillometry (Experiment 1) and visual analog scales (VAS, Experiment 2). Findings replicate the earlier observation that searching for size-defined targets is more efficient in the context of grasping than in the context of pointing movements (Wykowska et al., 2009). As expected, changes in tonic pupil size (reflecting changes in effort and motivation) across the sessions, as well as changes in motivation-related scores on the VAS were found to correlate with changes in the size of the action-perception congruency effect. We conclude that motivation and effort might play a crucial role in how much participants prepare for an action and activate action codes. The degree of activation of action codes in turn influences the observed action-related biases on perception.
Viral-host interaction in kidney reveals strategies to escape host immunity and persistently shed virus to the urine

Hepatitis A virus is one of five types of hepatotropic viruses that cause human liver disease. A similar liver disease is also identified in ducks caused by Duck Hepatitis A virus (DHAV). Notably, many types of hepatotropic viruses can be detected in urine. However, how those viruses enter into the urine is largely unexplored. To elucidate the potential mechanism, we used the avian hepatotropic virus to investigate replication strategies and immune responses in kidney until 280 days after infection. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to detect viral distribution and copies in the kidney. Double staining of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells and virus and qPCR were used to investigate T cell immune responses and expression levels of cytokines. Histopathology was detected by standard HE staining. In this study, viruses were persistently located at scattered renal tubules. No CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were recruited to the kidney, which was only accompanied by transient cytokine storms. In conclusion, the extremely scattered infection was the viral strategy to escape host immunity and may persistently shed virus into urine. The deletion of Th or Tc cell responses and transient cytokine storms indeed provide an advantageous renal environment for their persistent survival.
Nutrient Requirements Total Antioxidant Capacity of Plant Foods , Beverages and Oils Consumed in Italy Assessed by Three Different In Vitro Assays 1

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an inverse association between consumption of fruits and vegetables and morbidity and mortality from degenerative diseases. The antioxidant content of fruits and vegetables may contribute to the protection they offer from disease. Because plant foods contain many different classes and types of antioxidants, knowledge of their total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which is the cumulative capacity of food components to scavenge free radicals, would be useful for epidemiologic purposes. To accomplish this, a variety of foods commonly consumed in Italy, including 34 vegetables, 30 fruits, 34 beverages and 6 vegetable oils, were analyzed using three different assays, i.e., Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total radicaltrapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP). These assays, based on different chemical mechanisms, were selected to take into account the wide variety and range of action of antioxidant compounds present in actual foods. Among vegetables, spinach had the highest antioxidant capacity in the TEAC and FRAP assays followed by peppers, whereas asparagus had the greatest antioxidant capacity in the TRAP assay. Among fruits, the highest antioxidant activities were found in berries (i.e., blackberry, redcurrant and raspberry) regardless of the assay used. Among beverages, coffee had the greatest TAC, regardless of the method of preparation or analysis, followed by citrus juices, which exhibited the highest value among soft beverages. Finally, of the oils, soybean oil had the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by extra virgin olive oil, whereas peanut oil was less effective. Such data, coupled with an appropriate questionnaire to estimate antioxidant intake, will allow the investigation of the relation between dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress–induced diseases. J. Nutr. 133: 2812–2819, 2003.
Heat flux mapping of oxyacetylene flames and their use to characterise Cf-HfB2 composites

Cost effective and fast ultra-high-temperature testing methods such as oxyacetylene torch testing are extremely useful for the rapid screening of ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) materials for hypersonic applications. There is no report in the literature, however, of an organised study to measure the heat flux and how it varies with gas flow rate, gas flow ratio and distance from the nozzle tip for an oxyacetylene flame. In this paper, the authors report for the first time the heat flux mapping of an oxidising, neutral and reducing flame. The measured heat flux was as high as ∼17 MW m−2 at a distance of 10 mm from the nozzle, which is much higher than that previously reported in the literature. Torch testing was carried out for Cf-HfB2 UHTC composites at this heat flux and the results are presented along with detailed microstructural characterisation.
A Study of Immediate Requery Behavior in Search

When search results fail to satisfy users» information needs, users often reformulate their search query in the hopes of receiving better results. In many cases, users immediately requery without clicking on any search results. In this paper, we report on a user study designed to investigate the rate at which users immediately reformulate at different levels of search quality. We had users search for answers to questions as we manipulated the placement of the only relevant document in a ranked list of search results. We show that as the quality of search results decreases, the probability of immediately requerying increases. We find that users can quickly decide to immediately reformulate, and the time to immediately reformulate appears to be independent of the quality of the search results. Finally, we show that there appears to be two types of users. One group has a high probability of immediately reformulating and the other is unlikely to immediately reformulate unless no relevant documents can be found in the search results. While requerying takes time, it is the group of users who are more likely to immediately requery that are able to able find answers to questions the fastest.