Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The DPOSS II compact group survey: first spectroscopically confirmed candidates

This paper presents the results of a pilot redshift survey of 18 candidate compact groups from the distant DPOSS survey that extends to redshift ∼0.2 the available surveys of compact groups of galaxies, mainly Hickson Compact Groups and Southern Compact Groups. The goal of our survey was to confirm group membership via redshift information and to measure the characteristic parameters of a representative, albeit small, sample of DPOSS survey groups. Of the 18 candidates observed, seven are found to be indeed isolated compact groups, i.e. groups with 3 or more concordant members and with no neighbouring known cluster, while 7 are chance projection configurations on the sky. Three remaining candidates, despite having 3 or more concordant member galaxies, are located in the neighbourhood of known clusters, while another candidate turned out to be a dense sub-condensation within Abell 0952. The median redshift of our 7 confirmed groups is z ∼ 0.12, to be compared with a median redshift of 0.03 for the local sample of compact groups by Hickson. The typical group size is ∼50 kpc, and the median radial velocity dispersion is 167 km s −1 , while typical crossing times range from 0.005 H −1 0 to 0.03 H −1 0 with a median value of 0.018 H −1 0 , all similar to the values usually found in the literature for such structures in the local universe. The average mass-to-light ratio for our groups, M/LB ,i s 92h, higher than the value found for nearby Hickson compact groups but lower than that found for loose groups. Our results suggest that, once full redshift information for its members becomes available, the DPOSS sample will provide a reference sample to study the properties of compact groups beyond the local universe.
Genetic algorithms based dynamic search spaces for global power system stabilizer optimization

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are powerful optimization techniques. The optimization performance depends highly on the determination of optimized parameter search spaces, which remain unchanged during GA running. Hence, the objective function evolution may decelerate or even stabilize well before attaining the optimal solution. This article proposes an approach of GAs based dynamic search spaces. It focuses on improving the search space boundaries and allowing GAs to discover new search spaces which are not accessible initially. A GA using this approach is developed and validated to the optimization of power system stabilizer parameters within a multimachine system (16-generator and 68-bus). The obtained results are evaluated and compared with those of ordinary GAs and literature. They show significant improvement in terms of optimization performance and convergence rate.
Variance Risk Premiums and the Forward Premium Puzzle

We provide new empirical evidence that world currency and U.S. stock variance risk premiums have nonredundant and significant predictive power for the appreciation rates of 22 with respect to the U.S. dollar, especially at the four-month and one-month horizons, respectively. The heterogeneous exposures of currencies to the currency variance risk premium are systematically rising along the line of inflation risk. We rationalize these findings in a consumption-based asset pricing model, with local consumption uncertainty and global inflation uncertainty characterized, respectively, by the stock and currency variance risk premiums.
Treatment of depression in late life

This paper updates the 1996 review of treatment approaches published in the Am J Geriatr Psychiatry (1996;4[suppl 1]:S51-S65 [see ref33]) and a chapter in A Guide to Treatments that Work (Nathan PE, Gorman JM, eds), Oxford University Press, New York, 1998 [see ref 54]:. The major focus is on psychophannacoiogy with attention also to the évidence for the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and somatic approaches.
Religion and Democratic Citizenship: A Multilevel Examination

Abstract We conduct a multilevel examination of the relationship between religiosity and democratic citizenship norms and behaviors using International Social Survey Program data. We analyze how democratic engagement varies according to individual and national average religious involvement in 28 predominantly-Christian democracies. We find that (1) individual-level religious attendance is positively linked to both what people say (norms) and what they do (participation); (2) nations with higher aggregate national attendance participate less politically; and (3) the relationship between individual-level religious engagement and citizenship varies by national religious context. More specifically, individual religious attendance matters more where it is more distinctive (i.e., in more secular countries). Individual-level religious participation is generally conducive to citizenship, but its impact is context-dependent.
The performance of delta check methods.

The percentage of mislabeled specimens detected (true-positive rate) and the percentage of correctly labeled specimens misidentified (false-positive rate) were computed for three previously proposed delta check methods and two linear discriminant functions. The true-positive rate was computed from a set of pairs of specimens, each having one member replaced by a member from another pair chosen at random. The relationship between true-positive and false-positive rates was similar among the delta check methods tested, indicating equal performance for all of them over the range of false-positive rate of interest. At a practical false-positive operating rate of about 5%, delta check methods detect only about 50% of mislabeled specimens; even if the actual mislabeling rate is moderate (e.g., 1%), only abot 10% of specimens flagged a by a delta check will actually have been mislabeled.
Market Preferences and Process Selection: The Value of Perfect Flexibility

In this paper we investigate the selection of process technologies under conditions of stochastic market preferences. We assume that the market evolves over time through m states or scenarios defined by the preferences of the market. In response to this evolving marketplace, a producer can respond by switching its facilities to one of t technological states defined by plant capabilities. We model the evolution of market preferences and policies for process selection as a Markov Decision Process and find optimal process adoption policies. In addition to optimal strategies, we define two alternative adoption strategies. “Perfect flexibility” is defined as the increase in profit that can be obtained by instantly matching process technologies to changes in market preferences, compared to a “robust” policy of selecting and employing only a single process technology. With an objective of profit maximization, we show that when the cost of switching production processes is very high, the optimal policy is to select a single robust process and to never switch from it. In contrast, when process-switching costs are zero we show that the optimal policy is perfect flexibility where production processes are immediately matched to market preferences. An optimal production policy provably exists between these two extreme policies. We define the expected value of perfect flexibility as the difference in expected profits between a perfectly flexible policy and a robust policy. The expected value of perfect flexibility provides an upper bound to the benefit of process switching and product flexibility when market preferences are uncertain. Several numerical examples illustrate our findings.
Lower-body power in boxers is related to activity during competitive matches

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to create an activity profile of high-level boxing performance and to identify associations between boxers’ lower-body power capabilities and their activity profile. Eight high-level boxing athletes participated in the study. Lower-body power capabilities were calculated from counter-movement jumps (CMJs) and squat jumps (SJs) using a force plate. The boxing performance analysis consisted of 30 different variables gathered from 18 bouts from various international matches. The results demonstrated that boxing athletes delivered 22.3 ± 5.3 punches per min. The effectiveness of head punches was 14.3 ± 3.9%. CMJ height was correlated with the total number of punches thrown to the body and SJ height with rear-hand hooks (r = 0.735 and r = 0.793, respectively). The rate of SJ force development was correlated with the straight rear-hand punches (r = 0.751) and head punches effectiveness (r = 0.750). SJ peak power was inversely correlated with total stop frequency (r = – 0.786). In conclusion, the athletes who displayed higher power values in the CMJ and SJ tests were also more active during competitive bouts and accumulated less stoppage time during the competitive boxing bouts. More explosive boxers had higher effectiveness of head punches.
What is Style

A central aspect of architectural design is the use of recurring organizational patterns and idioms| or architectural styles [GS93, PW92, MG92, GHJV94]. Examples include generic system organizations such as those based on data ow or layers, as well as speci c organizational structures such as the classical decomposition of a compiler, the OSI communication stack, and the MVC user interface paradigm. The principled use of architectural styles has a number of practical bene ts. First, it promotes design reuse: routine solutions with well-understood properties can be reapplied to new problems with con dence. Second, it can lead to signi cant code reuse: often the invariant aspects of an architectural style lend themselves to shared implementations. Third, it is easier for others to understand a system's organization if conventionalized structures are used. For example, even without giving details, characterization of a system as a \client-server" organization immediately conveys a strong image of the kinds of pieces and how they t together. Fourth, use of standardized styles supports interoperability. Examples include CORBA object-oriented architecture [Cor91], and event-based tool integration [Ger89]. Fifth, by constraining the design space, an architectural style often permits specialized, style-speci c analyses. For example, it is possible to analyze pipelter systems for schedulability, throughput, latency, and deadlock-freedom. Such analyses might not be meaningful for an arbitrary, ad hoc architecture { or even one constructed in a di erent style. Sixth, it is usually possible to provide style-speci c visualizations: this makes it possible to provide graphical and textual renderings that match engineers' domain-speci c intuitions about how their designs should be depicted. Unfortunately, the use of architectural styles is almost completely ad hoc. It is virtually impossible to answer with any precision what aspects of system design can/should be speci ed by a style, to compare di erent styles based on their properties, to relate systems developed in di erent styles, to develop general-purpose tools for exploiting style, to select appropriate styles for a given problem, or to combine several styles to produce a new one. Evidentally what is needed (among other things) is a more rigorous basis for understanding architectural style and ways to exploit it. In this paper I brie y outline and compare three approaches to providing such a basis.
Bootpacking and Systematic Application of Explosives: Shear Plane Disruption Technique in the Continental Climate

Ski areas have long practiced avalanche risk reduction in order to provide continual skiing opportunities to guests in avalanche terrain, which differs from the backcountry practice of avalanche terrain avoidance during periods of poor stability. This paper explores the relationship between early season boot packing or "Systematic Application of Explosives" (SAE) and shear plane disruption or limitation in a ski area setting in the Colorado Rockies. Alternatives to boot packing, particularly the use of 1kg cast explosives in a 10 x10 meter grid (SAE), are presented. Shear plane disruption is stressed as the primary goal of boot packing, SAE, or ski compaction, and is presented in this paper as an effective method of avalanche risk reduction. Rationales based on the literature are cited. Follow up methods to ensure continual shear plane disruption with each storm throughout the season are discussed. An experiment designed to evaluate the snow strengthening effect of explosives used for the SAE disruption technique is presented. Twenty years of results clearly indicate interference with the 10+ year natural avalanche cycle; the empirical evidence supports the contention that shear plane disruption is an effective method of avalanche risk reduction.
Food safety requirements in African green bean exports and their impact on small farmers

"Many African countries have moved into the production of non-traditional agricultural products, in an effort to diversify their exports and increase foreign currency earnings. However, in order to access developed country markets and urban domestic markets, these products must meet food safety requirements, including protocols relating to pesticide residues, field and pack house operations, and traceability. Faced with stringent food safety requirements, companies that establish production centers in low-income countries might exclude poor farmers, thus negatively impacting the poor. We herein study this issue in the case of the green bean export sectors in three African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya and Zambia. In the short-term, stringent food safety standards have screened out smallholders in all these countries, excluding them from the green bean export chain. However, some institutional arrangements have helped support the smallholders who continue to function in the export-oriented green bean supply chains. In particular, public-private partnerships have played a key role in creating farm-to-fork linkages that can satisfy market demands for food safety while retaining smallholders in the supply chain. Furthermore, organized producer groups capable of monitoring their own food safety requirements through collective action have become attractive to buyers who are looking for ways to ensure traceability and reduce transaction costs. " from Authors' Abstract
DISENTANGLING THE EFFECTS OF GEOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL ISOLATION ON GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION

Populations can be genetically isolated both by geographic distance and by differences in their ecology or environment that decrease the rate of successful migration. Empirical studies often seek to investigate the relationship between genetic differentiation and some ecological variable(s) while accounting for geographic distance, but common approaches to this problem (such as the partial Mantel test) have a number of drawbacks. In this article, we present a Bayesian method that enables users to quantify the relative contributions of geographic distance and ecological distance to genetic differentiation between sampled populations or individuals. We model the allele frequencies in a set of populations at a set of unlinked loci as spatially correlated Gaussian processes, in which the covariance structure is a decreasing function of both geographic and ecological distance. Parameters of the model are estimated using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We call this method Bayesian Estimation of Differentiation in Alleles by Spatial Structure and Local Ecology (BEDASSLE), and have implemented it in a user‐friendly format in the statistical platform R. We demonstrate its utility with a simulation study and empirical applications to human and teosinte data sets.
Concentration of Measure for Block Diagonal Matrices With Applications to Compressive Signal Processing

Theoretical analysis of randomized, compressive operators often depends on a concentration of measure inequality for the operator in question. Typically, such inequalities quantify the likelihood that a random matrix will preserve the norm of a signal after multiplication. Concentration of measure results are well established for unstructured compressive matrices, populated with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random entries. Many real-world acquisition systems, however, are subject to architectural constraints that make such matrices impractical. In this paper we derive concentration of measure bounds for two types of block diagonal compressive matrices, one in which the blocks along the main diagonal are random and independent, and one in which the blocks are random but equal. For both types of matrices, we show that the likelihood of norm preservation depends on certain properties of the signal being measured, but that for the best case signals, both types of block diagonal matrices can offer concentration performance on par with their unstructured, i.i. d. counterparts. We support our theoretical results with illustrative simulations as well as analytical and empirical investigations of several signal classes that are highly amenable to measurement using block diagonal matrices. We also discuss applications of these results in ensuring stable embeddings for various signal families and in establishing performance guarantees for solving various signal processing tasks (such as detection and classification) directly in the compressed domain.
Proteomic identification of oxidatively modified proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain. Part II: dihydropyrimidinase‐related protein 2, α‐enolase and heat shock cognate 71

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which oxidative stress has been implicated as an important event in the progression of the pathology. In particular, it has been shown that protein modification by reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs to a greater extent in AD than in control brain, suggesting a possible role for oxidation‐related decrease in protein function in the process of neurodegeneration. Oxidative damage to proteins, assessed by measuring the protein carbonyl content, is involved in several events such as loss in specific protein function, abnormal protein clearance, depletion of the cellular redox‐balance and interference with the cell cycle, and, ultimately, neuronal death. The present investigation represents a further step in understanding the relationship between oxidative modification of protein and neuronal death in AD. Previously, we used our proteomics approach, which successfully substitutes for labor‐intensive immunochemical analysis, to detect proteins and identified creatine kinase, glutamine synthase and ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L−1 as specifically oxidized proteins in AD brain. In this report we again applied our proteomics approach to identify new targets of protein oxidation in AD inferior parietal lobe (IPL). The dihydropyrimidinase related protein 2 (DRP‐2), which is involved in the axonal growth and guidance, showed significantly increased level in protein carbonyls in AD brain, suggesting a role for impaired mechanism of neural network formation in AD. Additionally, the cytosolic enzyme α‐enolase was identified as a target of protein oxidation and is involved the glycolytic pathway in the pathological events of AD. Finally, the heat shock cognate 71 (HSC‐71) revealed increased, but not significant, oxidation in AD brain. These results are discussed with reference to potential involvement of these oxidatively modified proteins in neurodegeneration in AD brain.
End-to-End Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data

In this paper, we present an end-to-end pipeline for sentiment analysis of a popular micro-blogging website called Twitter. We acknowledge that much of current research adheres to parts of this pipeline. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work that explores the classiﬁer design issues explored in this paper. We build a hierarchal cascaded pipeline of three models to label a tweet as one of Objective, Neutral, Positive, Negative class. We compare the performance of this hierarchal pipeline with that of a 4-way classiﬁcation scheme. In addition, we explore the trade-off between making a prediction on lesser number of tweets versus F1-measure. Overall we show that a cascaded design is better than a 4-way classiﬁer design.
On Reducing the Complexity of Illumination Cones for Face Recognition

In our previous work [1], we have demonstrated how to arrange physical lighting so that the acquired images of a human face can be directly used as the basis vectors of a lowdimensional linear space. The “universal configuration” computed in [1] has been shown to provide a good basis for face recognition under a wide range of lighting conditions. In this paper, we propose a more rigorous formulation of the problem of computing the universal configuration. We propose a new objective function Ob and define the domain of Ob, in which we seek our universal configuration. Recognition experiments and other results reported in the paper have validated this new approach.
What's worth fighting for?: Working together for your school

Two challenges that face educators--developing interactive professionalism in the schools, and facilitating teacrc! rs and principals as change agents--are examined in this book. Chapter 1 examines the following problem areas in educational change: overload; isolation; "groupthink"; untapped competence; narrow roles; and failed reform. A holistic understanding of the teacher is presented in the second chapter, and the social and working conditions of "total schools" are discussed in chapter 3. The paradox of individuality and collegiality is examined, showing how they can be reconciled in order to improve schools. Chapter 4 offers action guidelines for teachers, principals, and educators. Successful reform is based on improving teachers and school working conditions, which in turn leads to student improvement. (82 references) (LMI) ** ***** ******************************************** ***** *************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ****************************** ***** ************************************ V CNIPANTSIENT OF MUTATION Office or Clucshonw Romettli end Ifinwevealem EDUCATIONAt RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER tERO Imo (InCument hie 1:4110 reproduced as ieroved from the PIMA or Orpenitenon originating it o MINN changes nine been made to moms* reproduction Quality Points of nee or opinions stetect n Ind documem do not necestenty represent official Rt position Or sotto, "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MAI EMAL IN OTHER THAN PAPER COPY HAS BEEN
Near Field Measurements to Predict the Electromagnetic Emission of Integrated Circuits

Employing electromagnetic emission measurements early in the design process is more and more essential as the high clock speeds of integrated circuits (ICs) lead to increased challenges in meeting the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. Due to the shrinking time to market the characterization of the electromagnetic emission during the design cycle according to the chip level standards is often not feasible as special EMC test boards have to be designed, which often takes a long time. Therefore simple measurement techniques that can be applied using every evaluation or demo board are more and more required to give the designers first hints about the electromagnetic emission of an IC. In this paper a simple measurement technique to determine the radiated electromagnetic emissions of ICs is presented. This method is based on the measurement of the near electric and magnetic field components that are emitted out of the surface of an IC package. An advantage of this measurement technique is that it can be used without the need to build a special EMC test board.