Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Science Education Improve the Image of Science

summary, pupils do see a positive role for science in the future, as does the average citizen, but this role is closely connected with the capacity of science to find immediate solutions to socially oriented problems. In this respect it could even be argued that pupils expect too much from science. What they do not fully realize is the role that fundamental science must play in the complex world of science and technology and in the solution of social problems. It is doubtful that information given to the public about science can do much to fill this gap, although scientists often suggest that it can. Can one expect that this necessarily rather superficial information will fill this gap when it appears that even “in-depth” study of science at school does not do so? It is interesting to note that the conclusions drawn from our study are similar to those of the much more thorough NAEP-study by Bybee et al. (1 980). This provides an in- teresting cross-cultural check on two countries with widely different educational systems and cultural backgrounds, although both of course belong to the same social and political part of the world. Or, could this similarity indicate that the social and political climate is the really important variable as far as the image of science is concerned?
Large scale reconstruction of haplotypes from genotype data

Critical to the understanding of the genetic basis for complex diseases is the modeling of human variation. Most of this variation can be characterized by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are mutations at a single nucleotide position. To characterize an individual's variation, we must determine an individual's haplotype or which nucleotide base occurs at each position of these common SNPs for each chromosome. In this paper, we present results for a highly accurate method for haplotype resolution from genotype data. Our method leverages a new insight into the underlying structure of haplotypes which shows that SNPs are organized in highly correlated "blocks". The majority of individuals have one of about four common haplotypes in each block. Our method partitions the SNPs into blocks and for each block, we predict the common haplotypes and each individual's haplotype. We evaluate our method over biological data. Our method predicts the common haplotypes perfectly and has a very low error rate (0.47%) when taking into account the predictions for the uncommon haplotypes. Our method is extremely efficient compared to previous methods, (a matter of seconds where previous methods needed hours). Its efficiency allows us to find the block partition of the haplotypes, to cope with missing data and to work with large data sets such as genotypes for thousands of SNPs for hundreds of individuals. The algorithm is available via webserver at http://www.cs. columbia.edu/compbio/hap.
Would You Buy a Used Car from a Self-enhancer? Social Benefits and Illusions in Trait Self-enhancement

Trait self-enhancement has been consistently associated with genuine adaptive benefits, as well as some social liabilities. In the current investigation, we examined whether self-enhancement might generate social benefits. Among a sample of high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attack (Study 1), trait self-enhancement was associated with leadership behaviors during the 9/11 attack, with a larger social network, and with greater daily contact with close friends/relatives. The association between self-enhancement and social network size was replicated in a college sample (Study 2), even when social desirability was statistically controlled. A previous finding (Bonanno, Rennicke, & Dekel, 2005) linking self-enhancement with reduced social constraints against personal disclosure was also replicated in Study 2. However, when compared with actual social constraints reported by participants' friends/relatives, self-enhancers' perceptions appeared to be illusory. Together, these findings suggest that self-enhancement is associated with genuine social benefits but also that self-enhancers tend to misperceive the way others respond to them.
INTERACTION OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT IN GERMINATION OF SEEDS '

and their similarity to action spectra for photoperiodism. Amer. Jour. Bot. 36: 194-204. 1949. 9. , PIRINGER, A. A. and HEINZE, P. H. Effect of light on the formation of a pigment in the tomato fruit cuticle. Plant Physiol. 29: 467-472. 1954. 10. TOOLE, E. H. , TOOLE, V. K. , BORTHWICK, H. A. , and HENDRICKS, S. B. Photocontrol of Lepidium seed germination. Plant Physiol. 30: 15-21. 1955. 11. WITHROW, R. B. Report of the Astrophysical Observatory, Rept. of Sec. and Financial Rept. Pp. 48-50. Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D. C. 1954.
Friendship in the Lives of Gay Men and Lesbians

Results from a survey of 283 gay men and lesbians contradict some of the findings of earlier research on gender differences in same-gender friendships. Data from a variety of scales and items indicate that, while gay males and lesbians value casual, close and best friendships equally (similar to research findings on heterosexual men and women), their definitions and enactments of friendship also were similar (unlike other research which supports differences along gender lines). However, some gender differences did persist in the ways gay men and lesbians dealt with conflict and sexuality within friendships. The implications of considering sexual orientation and gender in the study of friendship are discussed in terms of theoretical, methodological and socio-political issues.
Citizen Trust in Police

This study assesses the extent to which Chinese citizens trust their police and explores factors that account for variation in public trust in police. Very few studies have empir ically examined Chinese attitudes toward police. Using conflict theory as the guiding theo retical framework and interview data collected from eight Chinese cities, the study tests the effects of conflict variables, including gender, age, education, income, employment, and perceived political influence, and relevant control variables on Chinese public trust in police. The results show that conflict variables only have a modest explanatory power o Chinese attitudes toward police. Younger Chinese and Chinese with lower levels of per ceived political power tend to have lower levels of trust in police. Chinese attitudes toward police are also influenced by satisfaction with public safety, governmental capability of dealing with crime, quality of life, and corruption among government officials Implications for future research are discussed.
A Study of Mullerian Anomalies in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India

: Mullerian developmental defects are congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract which may adversely affect a woman’s obstetric and gynaecological health . In the present study, all patients presenting with Mullerian anomalies in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, MMIMSR, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ambala , Haryana, North India, during the period from July 2013 to June 2014 were included. They were studied & results were analysed including the incidence & presenting complaints. They were classified into several groups using the AFS classification of Mullerian Anomalies ,evaluated properly and treated accordingly. It was concluded that with proper evaluation , diagnostic workup and judicious management options these patients could lead a healthy life thereafter.
Revolutionary love at work in an arctic school with conflicts

This paper explores how “revolutionary love” may be a viable response in a teacher’s pedagogical practices. To do so, we present an in-depth case study of one teacher in a reindeer herding village in Finnish rural north. The paper asks what does revolutionary love mean in teaching practice and what distinguishes loving from non-loving teaching practices? What are the implications for the prospects of personal and community transformation? The findings from this study show the manifestations of transformative loving responses in teaching practice and the opportunities that are created for learning and growth. The study has important implications for educational change in small communities and makes a contribution to considering love-as-revolutionary praxis in teaching.
Assessment of the level of muscular strength and volume in physically active English adults

72 544x376 Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE The aim of this study is to describe the muscular volume and strength of different body segments from a sample of 19 English male participants, with a mean age of 43.84 (±11.62). An isometric dynamometer (Standard type S) has been used for the strength measurements, as well as an isokinetic device (Cibex Norm, Ronkonkama, New York, U.S.A.) and a M.R. I scanner (Esaote G-Scan biomedical, Milan, Italy) for measuring the muscular volume. The Baecke Questionnaire (1982) helped to determine the participants habitual level of physical activity. The results reveal an inverse relationship between age and isometric strength of the biceps muscle (r=-.518; p<.05). In addition, there exists a correlation between the handgrip of the right hand and the left hand (r=.788; p<.001); torque of the knee extensor muscles and the ankle extensor muscles (r=.712; p<.01); time of torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles (r=.773; p<.001) volume of the biceps and triceps muscles (r=.849; p<.001), as well as several correlations between the different volumes of the quadriceps muscles. As a conclusion, age has a negative influence on the production of isometric strength of the biceps muscle, but not of the knee extensor muscles. As expected, the antagonistic muscle groups actuating around the knee, i.e. the extensor and flexor groups seem to be adapted to each other in terms of volume, strength and rate of force development.
Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age‐related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans

Resistance exercise training (RET) is one of the most effective strategies for preventing declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength with age. Hypertrophic responses to RET with age are diminished compared to younger individuals. In response to 6 weeks RET, we found blunted hypertrophic responses with age are underpinned by chronic deficits in long‐term muscle protein synthesis. We show this is likely to be the result of multifactorial deficits in anabolic hormones and blunted translational efficiency and capacity. These results provide great insight into age‐related exercise adaptations and provide a platform on which to devise appropriate nutritional and exercise interventions on a longer term basis.
The Development of New ‘Third-Cultural Spaces of Belonging’: British-Born Cypriot ‘Return’ Migrants in Cyprus

This paper explores spaces of belonging of British-born Cypriots who have ‘returned’ to the parental homeland, Cyprus. Drawing on life narratives and ethnographic observations collected during fieldwork in Cyprus, the findings demonstrate the potential limitations of exploring notions of ‘home’ and ‘belonging’ within ethnic, national or primordial cultural boundaries. Rather, my analysis indicates the need to focus on the new spaces of belonging formed around personal and social relations. These migrants draw upon a variety of home, expatriate and international relationships to create a space made up by components to which they feel they belong, characterised by their time, place, views and experiences. The privileging of such experiences of belonging over ‘traditional’ classifications of identity (such as ethnicity, religiosity and nationality) brings about a sense of unity defined by one's relations to (actual and metaphorical) spaces, beyond the traditional ‘here/there’ and ‘them/us’ dichotomies. By negotiating ‘essentialised’ and ‘non-essentialised’ notions of ‘home’, participants establish new ‘third-cultural spaces of belonging’—hybridised, yet located in Cyprus. Hence, being part of such a ‘third-cultural space’ and also of a ‘localised space’ are not mutually exclusive.
Multilingual Image Description with Neural Sequence Models

In this paper we present an approach to multi-language image description bringing together insights from neural machine translation and neural image description. To create a description of an image for a given target language, our sequence generation models condition on feature vectors from the image, the description from the source language, and/or a multimodal vector computed over the image and a description in the source language. In image description experiments on the IAPR-TC12 dataset of images aligned with English and German sentences, we find significant and substantial improvements in BLEU4 and Meteor scores for models trained over multiple languages, compared to a monolingual baseline.
Differential Effects of Drug Interventions and Dietary Lifestyle in Developing Type 2 Diabetes and Complications: A Systems Biology Analysis in LDLr−/− Mice

Excess caloric intake leads to metabolic overload and is associated with development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Current disease management concentrates on risk factors of the disease such as blood glucose, however with limited success. We hypothesize that normalizing blood glucose levels by itself is insufficient to reduce the development of T2DM and complications, and that removal of the metabolic overload with dietary interventions may be more efficacious. We explored the efficacy and systems effects of pharmaceutical interventions versus dietary lifestyle intervention (DLI) in developing T2DM and complications. To mimic the situation in humans, high fat diet (HFD)-fed LDLr−/− mice with already established disease phenotype were treated with ten different drugs mixed into HFD or subjected to DLI (switch to low-fat chow), for 7 weeks. Interventions were compared to untreated reference mice kept on HFD or chow only. Although most of the drugs improved HFD-induced hyperglycemia, drugs only partially affected other risk factors and also had limited effect on disease progression towards microalbuminuria, hepatosteatosis and atherosclerosis. By contrast, DLI normalized T2DM risk factors, fully reversed hepatosteatosis and microalbuminuria, and tended to attenuate atherogenesis. The comprehensive beneficial effect of DLI was reflected by normalized metabolite profiles in plasma and liver. Analysis of disease pathways in liver confirmed reversion of the metabolic distortions with DLI. This study demonstrates that the pathogenesis of T2DM towards complications is reversible with DLI and highlights the differential effects of current pharmacotherapies and their limitation to resolve the disease.
The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work

Building on Kahn’ s (1990) ethnographic work, a e eld study in a U.S. Midwestern insurance company explored the determinants and mediating effects of three psychological conditions ‐ meaningfulness, safety and availability ‐ on employees’ engagement in their work. Results from the revised theoretical framework revealed that all three psychological conditions exhibited signie cant positive relations with engagement. Meaningfulness displayed the strongest relation. Job enrichment and work role e t were positively linked to psychological meaningfulness. Rewarding co-worker and supportive supervisor relations were positively associated with psychological safety, whereas adherence to co-worker norms and self-consciousness were negatively associated. Psychological availability was positively related to resources available and negatively related to participation in outside activities. Finally, the relations of job enrichment and work role e t with engagement were both fully mediated by the psychological condition of meaningfulness. The association between adherence to co-worker norms and engagement was partially mediated by psychological safety. Theoretical and practical implications related to psychological engagement at work are discussed. To explore the challenge to the human soul in organizations is to build a bridge between the world of the personal, subjective, and even unconscious elements of individual experience and the world of organizations that demand rationality, efficiency, and personal sacrifice . we must be willing to shift our viewpoint back and forth between what organizations want of people and what constitutes human complexity: the contradictory nature of human needs, desires, and experience. (Briskin, 1998, p. xii.) This quote from Briskin (1998), an organizational consultant, reflects the challenges that managers and researchers of organizations face as they seek to understand and
Neural Correlates of Biased Competition in Premotor Cortex

It has been proposed that whenever an animal faces several action choices, their neural representations are processed in parallel in frontoparietal cortex and compete in a manner biased by any factor relevant to the decision. We tested this hypothesis by recording single-unit activity in dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) while a monkey performed two delayed center-out reaching tasks. In the one-target task, a single target was presented and its border style indicated its reward value. The two-target task was the same except two targets were presented and the value of each was varied. During the delay period of the one-target task, directionally tuned PMd activity showed no modulation with value. In contrast, during the two-target task, the same neurons showed strong effects of the value associated with their preferred target, always in relation to the value of the other target. Furthermore, the competition between action choices was strongest when targets were furthest apart. This angular distance effect appeared in neural activity as soon as cells became tuned, while modulation by relative value appeared much later. All of these findings can be reproduced by a computational model which suggests that decisions between actions are made through a biased competition taking place within a sensorimotor map of potential actions.
A Novel Language-Model-Based Approach for Image Object Mining and Re-ranking

One leading framework for image object mining is the bag-of-words (BOW) approach. The idea is to encode an image as a collection of visual words of the quantized local patches. Objects in the image can then be retrieved through inferring the semantic topics associated with the set of visual words. However, the visual BOW mining framework is apt to suffer from the so-called term-mismatch problem (a.k.a. vocabulary problem). This is caused by the poverty of query information, and consequently becomes an obstacle to deal with synonymy (i.e., different visual words for describing the same object). In this paper, we propose a novel language-model-based approach with pseudo-relevance feedback for addressing the vocabulary problem in visual BOW mining. We employ the pseudo positive images produced in response to the original query as a set of "cues" to gradually refine the query language model. Unlike traditional approaches that only ruggedly append feedback information into the original query, the proposed approach reconstructs the query language model with finer granularities so that the query concepts can be captured more accurately. The proposed approach is experimentally evaluated using two different types of image object databases. Our algorithms are shown to bring significant improvement in the retrieval accuracy over a non-feedback baseline, and achieve better performance than conventional feedback approaches.
Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and economic burden in patients treated for neuroendocrine tumors in the United States: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective: To assess patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource utilization (HRU)/costs of individuals treated for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in the US. Methods: Using a US administrative claims database, this study identified commercially-insured adults newly diagnosed with carcinoid tumors (ICD-9-CM: 209.xx) or pancreatic islet cell tumors (ICD-9-CM: 157.4 and 211.7) between July 1, 2007 and December 31, 2010 (date of first observed diagnosis denoted the index date). Patients were required to have 6-month pre-index and 12-month post-index continuous enrollment, and treatment by medical and/or surgical therapy during the 12-month follow-up. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess demographic/clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, HRU, and total healthcare cost in two mutually exclusive cohorts, medical and surgical therapy. Results: This study included 625 individuals with NETs treated with medical therapy (mean age: 54.2 years; 53.4% female) and 831 treated with surgical therapy (mean age: 51.3 years; 52.6% female). Among the medical therapy cohort, carcinoid syndrome (72.3%), liver metastasis (62.6%), and diarrhea (28.3%) were the most prevalent symptoms/co-morbidities in the 12-month post-index period; 92.3% received octreotide long-acting release, 35.8% had hospitalization admissions, and 37.9% had emergency room visits. The total monthly healthcare cost increased from $5629.7 in the pre-index period to $9093.3 in the post-index period. Among the surgical therapy cohort, carcinoid syndrome (40.3%), nausea and/or vomiting (28.5%), and liver metastasis (24.3%) were the most prevalent symptoms/comorbidities in the 12-month post-index period; 31.4% received surgical resection or removal of large intestine, 94.7% had hospitalization admissions, and 45.5% had emergency room visits. The total monthly healthcare cost increased from $2547.9 in the pre-index period to $8810.4 in the post-index period. Conclusion: Substantial clinical and economic burden exists among individuals with NET treated with medical or surgical therapies. Future research should investigate this treated sub-population considering a longer follow-up due to slow disease progression.
B Cell Depletion in HIV-1 Subtype A Infected Ugandan Adults: Relationship to CD4 T Cell Count, Viral Load and Humoral Immune Responses

To better understand the nature of B cell dysfunctions in subjects infected with HIV-1 subtype A, a rural cohort of 50 treatment-naïve Ugandan patients chronically infected with HIV-1 subtype A was studied, and the relationship between B cell depletion and HIV disease was assessed. B cell absolute counts were found to be significantly lower in HIV-1+ patients, when compared to community matched negative controls (p<0.0001). HIV-1-infected patients displayed variable functional and binding antibody titers that showed no correlation with viral load or CD4+ T cell count. However, B cell absolute counts were found to correlate inversely with neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against subtype A (p = 0.05) and subtype CRF02_AG (p = 0.02) viruses. A positive correlation was observed between subtype A gp120 binding antibody titers and NAb breadth (p = 0.02) and mean titer against the 10 viruses (p = 0.0002). In addition, HIV-1 subtype A sera showed preferential neutralization of the 5 subtype A or CRF02_AG pseudoviruses, as compared with 5 pseudoviruses from subtypes B, C or D (p<0.001). These data demonstrate that in patients with chronic HIV-1 subtype A infection, significant B cell depletion can be observed, the degree of which does not appear to be associated with a decrease in functional antibodies. These findings also highlight the potential importance of subtype in the specificity of cross-clade neutralization in HIV-1 infection.