Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young Children's Limited and Narrow Exposure to Informational Text

Despite arguments for more fully including informational text in early childhood classrooms, research suggests that young children's exposure to the genre is quite limited. This article focuses on the informational books that children do encounter, specifically through read-alouds, and describes the narrow focus of those books. Informational read-alouds are overwhelmingly on topics of life science. The authors advocate for both increasing and broadening the informational books read aloud to young children and provide recommendations for ensuring productive read-aloud experiences.
Sporting Females: Critical Issues in the History and Sociology of Women's Sport

1. Theories of Sport - The Neglect of Gender 2. Sports Feminism - The Importance of Gender 3. Nature and Culture - Introducing Victorian and Edwardian Sport 4. The Legitimation of Female Exercise - The Case of Physical Education 5. Recreative and Competitive Sports - Expansion and Containment 6. The Interwar Years - Limitations and Possibilities 7. Femininity of Musculinity? - Images of Women's Sport 8. Relations of Power - Institutionalized Discrimination 9. Olympic Women - A Struggle for Recognition 10. Sport for All Women - Problems and Progress 11. Towards 2000 AD - Diversity and Empowerment.
A Shifting Paradigm

Effective teaching in multicultural settings requires the awareness and ability to adapt to diverse needs and viewpoints. Teachers’ multicultural efficacy may be gained from coursework or interactions within diverse communities. In this study the authors determined preservice teachers’ multicultural efficacy using the Multicultural Efficacy Scale (MES) and its relationship to education and personal characteristics. Study results revealed average levels of multicultural attitudes and efficacy and no relationship to coursework and personal characteristics. The authors did find a significant relationship to political worldviews. Results suggest that other variables may be making personal characteristics less influential on views of diversity.
Definition of a Stereotactic 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Template of the Human Insula

BACKGROUND: This study proposes a 3-dimensional (3-D) template of the insula in the bicommissural reference system with posterior commissure (PC) as the center of coordinates. OBJECTIVE: Using the bicommissural anterior commissure (AC)–PC reference system, this study aimed to define a template and design a method for the 3-D reconstruction of the human insula that may be used at an individual level during stereotactic surgery. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based morphometric analysis was performed on 100 cerebral cortices with normal insulae based on a 3-step procedure: Step 1: AC-PC reference system–based reconstruction of the insula from the 1-mm thick 3-D T1-weighted MRI slices. Step 2: Digitalization and superposition of the data obtained in the 3 spatial planes. Step 3: Representation of pixels as colors on a scale corresponding to the probability of localization of each insular anatomic component. RESULTS: The morphometric analysis of the insula confirmed our previously reported findings of a more complex shape delimited by 4 peri-insular sulci. A very significant correlation between the coordinates of the main insular structures and the length of AC-PC was demonstrated. This close correlation allowed us to develop a method that allows the 3-D reconstruction of the insula from MRI slices and only requires the localization of AC and PC. This process defines an area deemed to contain insula with 100% probability. CONCLUSION: This 3-D reconstruction of the insula should be useful to improve its localization and other cortical areas and allow the differentiation of insular cortex from opercular cortex. ABBREVIATIONS: AC, anterior commissure CI, confidence interval CIS, central insular sulcus PC, posterior commissure VPC, the perpendicular plane on AC-PC plane passes by the posterior commissural
#Occupy Wall Street

Recent events suggest that social media, also called web 2.0, can support mass social change. Although some critics have lamented how social media are eroding people’s ability to communicate, others have argued that social media may allow individuals to leverage their individual voices against authoritarian leaders. This article seeks to understand the ways in which individuals can use a particular social media platform, the microblog Twitter, to learn about the Occupy Wall Street movement. This article uses a mixed-methods approach, incorporating descriptive statistics, content analysis, and a case study of the author’s learning process to examine the existence of informal learning about the Occupy Wall Street movement. Scholars have proposed that informal learning about a social movement is associated with participation in the movement. This study suggests that Twitter supports multiple opportunities for participation in the Occupy movement—from creating, tagging, and sharing content to reading, watching, and following a hashtag—which may facilitate learners becoming more informed, engaged citizens. To help ground this discussion, an overview of the particular social and technical features of Twitter is provided. Second, several key learning theories that seem particularly synergistic with the affordances outlined and a review of the current state of research on learning within Twitter are described. Third, research questions, methods, and findings are presented, and a discussion that describes the implications for civic engagement in the democratic process is included.
The creative skills of culturally and linguistically diverse gifted students

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the creative abilities of culturally and linguistically diverse students. The relationships among creativity and achievement, intelligence, nonverbal reasoning, and instructional climate were also examined. For the pupils in this study, moderate correlations were found between creativity and intelligence and between creativity and reading achievement. A low correlation was found between creativity and nonverbal‐reasoning skills. Significant relationships were found between creativity and several classroom variables. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of identifying gifted youth from culturally and linguistically different backgrounds.
Titin and nebulin content in human skeletal muscle following eccentric resistance exercise

We measured titin and nebulin content in muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis before and 24 h after one bout of high‐intensity eccentric knee extensor resistance exercise in seven men (26 ± 3 years). Titin and nebulin content were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after exercise by 30 and 15%, respectively. These results suggest that the structural components of the myofibrillar apparatus are degraded following high‐intensity eccentric resistance exercise in humans. Loss of these proteins may have important implications for the mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance exercise. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 289–292, 2002 DOI 10.1002/mus. 10037
Factor structure of the bem sex-role inventory: Implications for the study of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny

Abstract The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) was administered to 171 first-year undergraduates at Flinders University in 1975, and to a sample of 358 respondents consisting of third-year undergraduates at Flinders University, their parents, and siblings (14 years of age or older) tested in 1976 and 1977. The intercorrelations between respondents' scores on each of the 60 items of the BSRI, their BSRI masculinity scores, their BSRI femininity scores, their BSRI social desirability scores, and with sex of individual included as a variable, were subjected to factor analysis using the principal-factor procedure followed by varimax rotation. The factor analysis yielded 18 factors accounting for 73˙6% of the total variance in the initial study, and 15 factors accounting for 64˙3% of the total variance in the replication study. In both studies, the BSRI masculinity score loaded on two factors (dominance and independence) and the BSRI femininity score loaded on one (concern for others). The BSRI social desirability.
Factors related to radiation safety practices in California.

BACKGROUND A national study of radiologic technologists' radiation safety practices in 2003 documented poor compliance. In addition, the 2003 study found that years of work experience and length of employment at a work site were significantly related to adherence with safety practices. The current study is a refinement and extension of the 2003 study. PURPOSE To determine the degree of compliance with personnel radiation safety practices and patient radiation safety practices as correlated with initial professional education, highest level of education, years of employment in the radiologic sciences and type of work site. METHOD A 33-item questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 1500 California radiologic technologists certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. The return rate was 32%. RESULTS Mean scores were 77.1% for compliance with patient safety practices and 70.5% for compliance with personnel safety practices. Performance on individual items ranged from 95.6% to 27.4% compliance. Two independent variables, years of employment in the radiologic sciences and work site, were significantly related to adherence with safety practices (P < .05). CONCLUSION The results of this study corroborated those of the national study and indicated the need for educational and organizational interventions to increase compliance with safety practices for patients and personnel.
A study to determine the efficacy of combination LED light therapy (633 nm and 830 nm) in facial skin rejuvenation

Background. The use of visible or near infrared spectral light alone for the purpose of skin rejuvenation has been previously reported. A method of light emitting diode (LED) photo rejuvenation incorporating a combination of these wavelengths and thus compounding their distinct stimulation of cellular components is proposed. Objective. To assess the efficacy and local tolerability of combination light therapy in photo rejuvenation of facial skin. Methods. Thirty‐one subjects with facial rhytids received nine light therapy treatments using the OmniluxTM LED system. The treatments combined wavelengths of 633 nm and 830 nm with fluences of 126 J/cm2 and 66 J/cm2 respectively. Improvements to the skin surface were evaluated at weeks 9 and 12 by profilometry performed on periorbital casts. Additional outcome measures included assessments of clinical photography and patient satisfaction scores. Results. Key profilometry results Sq, Sa, Sp and St showed significant differences at week 12 follow‐up; 52% of subjects showed a 25%–50% improvement in photoaging scores by week 12; 81% of subjects reported a significant improvement in periorbital wrinkles on completion of follow‐up. Conclusion. OmniluxTM combination red and near infrared LED therapy represents an effective and acceptable method of photo rejuvenation. Further study to optimize the parameters of treatment is required.
Optimal restart times for moments of completion time

Restart is an application-level technique that speeds up jobs with highly variable completion times. The authors present an efficient iterative algorithm to determine the restart strategy that minimises higher moments of completion time, when the total number of restarts is finite. They demonstrate its computational efficiency in comparison with alternative algorithms. They also discuss fast approximations to determine close to optimal restart times for limiting cases.
Communication Complexity of Distributed Statistical Algorithms

This paper constructs bounds on the minimax risk under loss functions when statistical estimation is performed in a distributed environment and with communication constraints. We treat this problem using techniques from information theory and communication complexity. In many cases our bounds rely crucially on metric entropy conditions and the classical reduction from estimation to testing. A number of examples exhibit how bounds on the minimax risk play out in practice. We also study distributed statistical estimation problems in the context of PAC-learnability and derive explicit algorithms for solving classical problems. We study the communication complexity of these algorithms.
Chronic Offenders or Socially Disadvantaged Youth? Institutionalized Males as Missing Cases in School‐based Delinquency Research

Previous criminological studies comparing institutional youth populations with community samples have for the most part focused on youths institutionalized primarily as a result of involvements in delinquency. The present study compares levels of social disadvantage and criminal involvement within a nationally representative sample of Swedish schoolboys with those of a national population of institutionalized males that includes both serious young offenders and youths institutionalized for other reasons. Whilst at the aggregate level, mean levels of offending are higher within the institutional sample, the institutional population includes youths from across the entire range of levels of offending. Levels of social disadvantage are substantially elevated among the institutionalized males by comparison with the school sample. The study notes that institutionalized samples, where these include both young offenders and youths institutionalized for other reasons, may provide a fruitful ground for life‐course research into the way involvements in crime interact with other indicators of social disadvantage to affect the likelihood of continued marginalization into adulthood.
Emerging Adult Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors

Numerous studies have shown how shyness affects individuals in childhood and adolescence; however, little is known about the effects shyness may have in emerging adulthood. This study addressed how shyness may be associated with sexual attitudes and behaviors of emerging adult men and women. Participants included 717 students from four college sites across the United States, who were largely female (69%), European American (69%), unmarried (100%), and living outside their parents’ home (90%). Results suggested that shyness was positively associated with sexual attitudes (reflecting more liberal views) for men whereas shyness was negatively associated with sexual attitudes for women. Shyness was positively associated with solitary sexual behaviors of masturbation and pornography use for men. Shyness was also negatively associated with relational sexual behaviors (coital and noncoital) and number of lifetime partners for women. Implications for these findings are discussed.
Tile-based bottom-up compilation of custom mesh-of-functional-units FPGA overlays

Mesh-of-functional-units (mesh-of-FUs) overlays can deliver high-performance because they expose the massively parallel FPGA fabric and have the ability to be customized for different applications. However, a key challenge is how to quickly compile a number of custom mesh-of-FUs overlays to FPGA fabric such that they achieve high fMAX and scale to large mesh sizes. We propose a tile-based bottom-up CAD flow that utilizes the hierarchical physical design techniques of partitioning and floorplanning. Our flow partitions the overlay circuit into tiles, groups of adjacent overlay cells, and then compiles the tiles to a rectangular coarse-grain floorplan. Independent compilation of tiles is made possible by inserting complementary elastic buffers on inter-tile paths to ensure that these paths are not a bottleneck for fMAX. As a result, an overlay can be formed by only “stitching” a set of pre-compiled tiles.We show that compared to the flat flow, our bottom-up flow results in higher fMAX that degrades little with increasing overlay size. Further, our flow can generate a library of pre-compiled tiles that can be reused - it can stitch a set of library tiles into a new overlay in only 35 minutes. It also allows a divide-and-conquer overlay compilation flow by compiling its tiles in parallel on multiple machines.
Algebraic Algorithms

This is a preliminary version of a Chapter on Algebraic Algorithms in the upcoming Computing Handbook Set Computer Science (Volume I), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group. Algebraic algorithms deal with numbers, vectors, matrices, polynomials, formal power series, exponential and differential polynomials, rational functions, algebraic sets, curves and surfaces. In this vast area, manipulation with matrices and polynomials is most fundamental for modern computations in Sciences, Engineering, and Signal and Image Processing. They include the solution of a polynomial equation and linear and polynomial systems of equations, univariate and multivariate polynomial evaluation, interpolation, factorization and decompositions, rational interpolation, computing matrix factorization and decompositions (which in turn include various triangular and orthogonal factorizations such as LU, PLU, QR, QRP, QLP, CS, LR, Cholesky factorizations and eigenvalue and singular value decompositions), computation of the matrix characteristic and minimal polynomials, determinants, Smith and Frobenius normal forms, ranks, and (generalized) inverses, univariate and multivariate polynomial resultants, Newton’s polytopes, greatest common divisors, and least common multiples as well as manipulation with truncated series and algebraic sets. Such problems can be solved based on the error-free symbolic computations with infinite precision. The computer library GMP and computer algebra
Expectations and levels of understanding when using mobile phones among 9–11-year olds in Wales, UK

There is growing interest in examining the use of mobile technology among children. The present study extended this literature among a sample of 9–11-year olds in Wales, UK in three ways. First, to examine the level of mobile phone ownership; second, to consider how mobile phones are used, investigate timescales and expectations when communicating via a mobile phone; and third to explore the emotional impact of not having a text or phone call responded to. A sample of 57 children completed a self-report questionnaire focusing on the expectations and levels of understanding when making and receiving mobile phone calls and text messages. Results suggest that ownership and usage of a mobile phone is high amongst young children; however a lack of developmental and emotional maturity, highlighted by the expectation of immediate responses and the egocentric reasons given, may cause unnecessary distress among a proportion of children. Directions for future work are proposed.
Association of anti-PLA₂R antibodies with outcomes after immunosuppressive therapy in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

BACKGROUND The optimal timing and duration of immunosuppressive therapy for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) have been debated. This study aimed to evaluate whether measuring the antibody against the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R-ab) at start and end of therapy predicts long-term outcome and therefore may inform this debate. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This observational study included all consecutive high-risk patients with progressive iMN observed from 1997 to 2005 and treated with oral cyclophosphamide (CP) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in combination with corticosteroids for 12 months. Patients were prospectively followed, and outcome was ascertained up to 5 years after completion of immunosuppressive therapy. Serum samples were collected before and after completion of therapy. PLA2R antibodies were determined retrospectively in stored samples using ELISA. RESULTS In total, 48 patients (37 men) were included. The median age was 55 years (range, 34-75), and the median serum creatinine level was 1.60 mg/dl (range, 0.98-3.37 mg/dl). Twenty-two patients received MMF and 26 received CP. At baseline, PLA2R-abs were present in 34 patients (71%). Baseline characteristics and outcome did not significantly differ between patients negative or positive for PLA2R-ab. In PLA2R-ab-positive patients, treatment resulted in a rapid decrease of antibodies: median anti-PLA2R-ab, 428 U/ml (range, 41-16,260 U/ml) at baseline and 24 U/ml (range, 0-505 U/ml) after 2 months. The PLA2R-ab levels at baseline did not predict initial response, but antibody status at end of therapy predicted long-term outcome: After 5 years, 14 of 24 (58%) antibody-negative patients were in persistent remission compared with 0 of 9 (0%) antibody-positive patients (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that in PLA2R-ab-positive patients, measuring PLA2R-abs at the end of therapy predicts the subsequent course.
Context as a Moderator in Relationships between Attribute Variables and Hypnotizability

Subjects who had been tested in the previous 3 months for hypnotizability completed questionnaires that assessed trait indexes of absorption in imaginings, dissociation, and temporal lobe dysfunction. Half of the subjects completed the questionnaires in a context unrelated to their earlier hypnotizability testing while the remainder were explicitly informed of the experimenter's interest in the relationship between their questionnaire responses and hypnotizability. Correlations between each attribute variable and all indexes of hypnotizability were never significant in the out-of-context condition and always significant in their context condition. In addition, regression analyses indicated that context added significantly to the prediction of subjective hypnotizability scores by each of the attribute variables. Implications are discussed.
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