Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Access Issues and Engineering Faculty Attitudes and Practices

ABSTRACT The two primary means for accomplishing Open Access (OA) goals are the “author pays” or Gold model and the “self-archiving” or Green model, both of which can have variations or hybrids. There is a growing schism between proponents of the Gold and Green models. Scholar uptake on self-archiving has been very limited. At the same time, a great deal of concern has been expressed regarding the Gold model, particularly with regard to cost and the role of peer-review lite journals. With the evolving OA environment as a backdrop, the authors conducted a survey of university engineering faculty in order to better understand their OA practices and attitudes. The scholarly communication needs and activities of engineering faculty are more diverse than other scholars in that they have a broader and more varied literature, which includes journal articles, conference papers, technical reports, standards, handbook information, patents, and grey literature. The survey was comprised of 12 Likert scale questions and 3 open comment questions. The results of the survey of engineering faculty were consistent with other studies that have revealed concerns over the author pays model and a reluctance to self-archive in the university institutional repository (IR). Survey results showed that engineering faculty do not extensively publish in author pays Gold journals and had limited plans to do so in the future. In line with other studies, the survey revealed that there was a lack of familiarity with campus IRs and a very small uptake rate for depositing research output in institutional repositories.
Shopping behaviour and satisfaction outcomes

Abstract Shopping behaviour is an increasingly important area of research as firms seek to understand customer motivations and their purchase behaviour further. Despite the interest in shopping behaviour, it remains to be understood how these behaviours are related to satisfaction-related outcomes. A contribution to the academic literature as well as to managerial practice is made by identifying the relationship between three types of shopping behaviour: expectation congruence, satisfaction, and positive word-of-mouth communications. Specifically, the research examines if shoppers who engage in various types of shopping behaviour have the expectations of their shopping experience met, and whether this results in customer satisfaction and loyalty to that store. The research is based on a sample of 308 Wal-Mart and Target customers. The analysis of the data was performed with path modelling where the hypothesised model was supported and shown to have predictive relevance. In addition, significant moderating effects were found by gender for the relationship between shopping behaviour and expectation congruence and for the relationship between satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth communications.
Discussing stuttering with parents: A preliminary study of the experiences of adolescents who stutter

Abstract A qualitative approach was used to explore the experiences of adolescents who stutter (AWS) related to discussing aspects of their stuttering with their parents. Thematic analysis from semi-structured interviews revealed three major themes and seven minor themes. Major themes consisted of (1) discussions with parents; (2) decisions about speech therapy; and (3) types of parental assistance. Minor themes included (1) preference to talk with mothers; (2) speech techniques and general information; (3) parents’ idea to begin speech therapy; (4) participants’ idea to begin speech therapy; (5) reminders to use techniques and providing advice; (6) practicing speech techniques together; and (7) good listening skills and not interrupting. Findings from the data suggest that these participants discussed their speech therapy and stuttering differently with mothers and fathers with topics of discussion centered on speech skills, general information about stuttering, and what activities were done in the speech therapy sessions.
Prevalence of cdtABC genes encoding cytolethal distending toxin among Haemophilus ducreyi and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains.

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of the three cdtABC genes responsible for production of cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) in Haemophilus ducreyi and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains. Of 100 H. ducreyi strains from the culture collection of the University of Göteborg (CCUG), 27 strains with low or intermediate cytotoxic titre (< 1 in 10(4)) and 23 of the remaining isolates with a high cytotoxic titre (> or = 1 in 10(4)) were selected. Twenty-nine strains of H. ducreyi were isolated recently from patients with chancroid and 50 A. actinomycetemcomitans strains from patients with periodontitis. The cytotoxic activity on HEp-2 cells and the presence of cdtABC genes were studied by cytotoxicity assay of bacterial sonicates and PCR with primers specific for individual cdtA, B, and C genes of H. ducreyi in bacterial DNA preparations, respectively. All strains that manifested a cytotoxic titre in sonicate > or = 1 in 100 possessed all the three cdt genes. Eighteen of the 50 strains selected from the culture collection were negative and 32 positive for cdt genes. As all strains with a high cytotoxic titre gave positive PCR results, it can be assumed that the remaining 50 strains, which have high cytotoxic titre, would have been positive as well. Thus, it can be estimated that 82% of the culture collection strains had cdtABC genes. Similarly, 24 (83%) of 29 recent H. ducreyi isolates expressed the CDT activity and displayed all cdtABC genes. Forty-three (86%) of 50 strains of the closely related A. actinomycetemcomitans, expressing a cytotoxic activity > or = 1 in 100, also possessed all three genes. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of the cdtABC genes was highly conserved among H. ducreyi strains from different geographic areas. These results indicate that the majority of pathogenic H. ducreyi and A. actinomycetemcomitans strains express a CDT activity encoded by all three cdtABC.
Accelerating approximate subsequence search on large protein sequence databases

In this paper, we study the problem on how to build a persistent index structure for protein sequences to support approximate match. The suffix tree has been proposed as a solution to index sequence database and has been deployed on organizing DNA sequences (Hunt et al. (2001)). Unfortunately, it suffers from the problem of "memory bottleneck" that prevents it from being applied efficiently to a large database. The performance even degrades further for protein database due to a larger fanout at each node. Here, we employ an indexing structure, called BASS-tree, to support approximate match in sublinear time on a large protein database. We call this indexing method the sequence approximate match index method. The search of approximate matches can be properly directed to the portion in the database with a high potential of matching quickly. It is demonstrated in our experiments that the potential performance improvement is in an order of magnitude over alternative methods such as the BLAST algorithm and the suffix tree.
[O I] 63 Micron Emission from High- and Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus Galaxies

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was used to search for a tracer of the warm and dense neutral interstellar medium, the [O I] 63.18 μm line, in four ultraluminous IRAS sources lying at redshifts between 0.6 and 1.4. While these sources are quasars, their infrared continuum emission suggests a substantial interstellar medium. No [O I] flux was detected after probing down to a 3 σ sensitivity level sufficient for detecting line emission in starbursts with similar continuum emission. However, if the detection threshold is slightly relaxed, one target is detected with 2.7 σ significance. For this radio-quiet quasar, there is likely a substantial dense and warm interstellar medium; the upper limits for the three radio-loud sources do not preclude the same conclusion. Using a new, uniformly processed database of the ISO extragalactic far-infrared spectroscopy observations, we show that nearby Seyfert galaxies typically have higher [O I]-to-far-infrared ratios than do normal star-forming galaxies, so the lack of strong [O I] 63 μm emission from these high-redshift ultraluminous sources cannot be attributed to their active cores.
Do Shared Values Underpin National Identity? Examining the Role of Values in National Identity in Canada and the United Kingdom

This article examines whether shared national values form a vital component in the construction and development of national identity. In so doing, it challenges Kymlicka and Norman in their assumption that shared values have little relevance for national identity. Drawing upon competing nationalist discourses in Canada, Quebec, Scotland and the United Kingdom, we argue that the idea of shared values serves as a useful tool in shaping and reinforcing national identities within multinational states. Such values contribute to defining the collective conception of national identity, describing who we are as a people, and what it is that binds us together while distinguishing us from others.
Squeezing Components in Linear Quantum Feedback Networks

The aim of this article is to extend linear quantum dynamical network theory to include static Bogoliubov components (such as squeezers). Within this integrated quantum network theory, we provide general methods for cascade or series connections, as well as feedback interconnections using linear fractional transformations. In addition, we define input-output maps and transfer functions for representing components and describing convergence. We also discuss the underlying group structure in this theory arising from series interconnection. Several examples illustrate the theory.
Aberrant Maspin mRNA Expression is Associated with Clinical Outcome in Patients with Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the expression level of maspin mRNA in pulmonary adenocarcinoma and to clarify its clinical significance in prediction of prognosis. Material/Methods RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue blocks of 30 pairs of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AC) tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANT) and in another 81 AC tissues. Expression of maspin mRNA was tested by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the potential relationship between maspin mRNA expression and clinic pathological features of AC patients was analyzed. Results The expression of maspin mRNA was upregulated in AC samples compared with the ANT (p<0.001). Patients at advanced clinical stage (III) and patients with lymphatic metastasis showed higher maspin mRNA expression level than those in early-stage patients (I and II) (p=0.038) or with non-lymphatic metastasis (p=0.034). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly worse in high maspin mRNA expression AC patients (p=0.007). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of maspin mRNA was an independent prognostic marker for AC (p=0.040). Conclusions Our study reveals that maspin mRNA was significantly up-regulated in tissues of AC patients. Maspin mRNA may be useful as a new marker of prognosis in AC.
Reader-Aware Multi-Document Summarization: An Enhanced Model and The First Dataset

We investigate the problem of reader-aware multi-document summarization (RA-MDS) and introduce a new dataset for this problem. To tackle RA-MDS, we extend a variational auto-encodes (VAEs) based MDS framework by jointly considering news documents and reader comments. To conduct evaluation for summarization performance, we prepare a new dataset. We describe the methods for data collection, aspect annotation, and summary writing as well as scrutinizing by experts. Experimental results show that reader comments can improve the summarization performance, which also demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed dataset.
Deep Brain Stimulation in Schizophrenia

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has successfully advanced treatment options of putative therapy-resistant neuropsychiatric diseases. Building on this strong foundation more and more mental disorders in the stadium of therapy-resistance are considered as possible indications for DBS. Especially schizophrenia with its associated severe and difficult to treat symptoms is gaining attention. This attention demands critical questions regarding the assumed mechanisms of DBS and its possible influence on the supposed pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here we synoptically compare current approaches and theories of DBS and discuss the feasibility of DBS in schizophrenia as well as the transferability from other psychiatric disorders successfully treated with DBS. For this we consider recent advances in animal models of schizophrenic symptoms, results regarding the influence of DBS on dopaminergic transmission as well as data concerning neural oscillation and synchronization. In conclusion the use of DBS for some symptoms of schizophrenia seems to be a promising approach, but the lack of a comprehensive theory of the mechanisms of DBS as well as its impact on schizophrenia might void the use of DBS in schizophrenia at this point.
“I never thought of it as freezing”: How students answer questions on large‐scale science tests and what they know about science

Education policy in the U.S. in the last two decades has emphasized large-scale assessment of students, with growing consequences for schools, teachers, and students. Given the high stakes of such tests, it is important to understand the relationships between students' answers to test items and their knowledge and skills in the tested content area. Due to persistent test score gaps, students from historically non-dominant communities, and their teachers and schools, are differentially affected by the consequences of large-scale testing. As a result, it is particularly important to understand how students from historically non-dominant communities interact with test items on large-scale tests. We report on a study in which we interviewed 36 students about their responses to six multiple-choice science test items from the Massachusetts state science assessment for fifth grade. The 36 students included 12 students from low-income households, 12 English Language Learners, and 12 middle-class native English speakers. We found that for five of the six selected test items, students' descriptions of the science content knowledge they used to answer the test items frequently did not match the content knowledge targeted by the items. In addition, students from low-income households and English Language Learners were more likely than middle-class native English speakers to answer incorrectly despite demonstrating knowledge of the targeted science content for the items. We argue that such evidence challenges the expectation that students' answers to individual test items reflect their knowledge of the targeted science content, and that evidence of this kind should be included in investigations of the validity of large-scale tests. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 778–803, 2012
Use of miswak versus toothbrushes: oral health beliefs and behaviours among a sample of Jordanian adults.

OBJECTIVE This descriptive survey aimed at determining the perceived relationship among miswak, the toothbrush, and toothbrush-plus-miswak usage on oral health beliefs and behaviours of Jordanian adults, 18-60 years old, seeking dental care in the city of Irbid, northern Jordan. METHODS Patients (n = 138) voluntarily completed a self-designed questionnaire prior to their dental appointments at public and private clinics. RESULTS Overall, the level of oral health knowledge was low; of 71 people who attempted to define dental plaque, only 26% knew the meaning of dental plaque. While 12% have never been to a dentist, and 12% visit the dentist on a regular basis, the majority (63.2%) of the respondents reported that they visit the dentist only when they have pain. The majority (72%) use the toothbrush, 20.5% use the toothbrush-plus-miswak and only 3% use miswak alone. Toothbrush users believe that using the toothbrush-plus-miswak is most effective in reducing mouth debris (chi2 = 32.069, d.f. = 16, P = 0.01); and level of education is significantly associated with the type of oral cleaning device used (chi2 = 25.817, d.f. = 12, P = 0.05). There was no significant difference between toothbrush users and toothbrush-plus-miswak users in terms of how they perceive their oral health status. About 19% of the study participants use dental floss, 60.9% use mouth rinses and 8.3% use inter-dental brushes. Educated people (baccalaureate or associate degrees) tended to use toothbrushes and toothbrush-plus-miswak. The toothbrush-plus-miswak users are most likely to spend 1-2 min each day cleaning their teeth (chi2 = 34.9, d.f. = 20, P = 0.02) than those using other devices. Respondents who use the toothbrush are most likely to visit the dentist when they have pain (chi2 = 34.02, d.f. = 12, P = 0.00) than those using other devices. CONCLUSION The oral health awareness level among Jordanian adults is poor and needs to be improved. Evidence-based and community-based dental health education and a philosophical change from disease-oriented and pain management care to primary preventive care are highly recommended for the Jordanian population.
Long-term Consequences of the Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Eclampsia and Preeclampsia: A Review of the Obstetric and Nonobstetric Literature

&NA; This review summarizes the long-term consequences of the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) that have been described in the obstetric literature (eclampsia and preeclampsia) and compares these with data from the nonobstetric literature. Preeclampsia is characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy. Neurological symptoms include headache; visual deficits; confusion; seizures; and, in the most severe cases, intracranial hemorrhage. Eclampsia is an acute cerebral complication of preeclampsia, defined as the occurrence of tonic-clonic seizures in pregnant or recently postpartum women. With severe preeclampsia, in conjunction with neurological symptoms, or eclampsia, neuroimaging changes consistent with PRES can be seen. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a specific clinicoradiological syndrome presenting with headaches, visual impairment, seizures, and altered mental status. Characteristic neuroimaging features are consistent with cerebral edema predominantly in the parietal and occipital lobes. In addition to preeclampsia/eclampsia, PRES has been associated with various conditions in the nonobstetric population, that is, severe hypertension, transplantation, or autoimmune disease, in combination with immunosuppressive therapy or high-dose chemotherapy for various malignant conditions. Long-term sequelae of both preeclampsia/eclampsia and other PRES-related conditions are poorly described. After eclampsia or preeclampsia, nonspecific white matter lesions may be found on magnetic resonance imaging, which may or may not be related to the PRES episode. Previously (pre)eclamptic women report cognitive failures; however, no neurocognitive impairment has been shown so far. Various nonobstetric PRES-related conditions have been described with long-term neuroimaging abnormalities as well as cognitive problems, epilepsy, or visual impairment. Although no firm conclusions can be drawn because of the heterogeneity of reported cases, some general comments can be made. Because most persistent long-term problems are present in the nonobstetric population, the main determinant for these long-term problems may be the underlying condition that gave rise to the PRES episode. In addition, most reports suggest that late diagnosis or inadequate therapy may contribute, emphasizing the need for early recognition, adequate treatment, follow-up, and support. Target Audience Obstetricians and gynecologists, neurologists, radiologists, ophthalmologists, psychologists Learning Objectives After completing this CME activity, the reader should be able to identify the clinicoradiological syndrome and pathophysiology of PRES in preeclampsia/eclampsia, evaluate long-term consequences and complaints in formerly preeclamptic and eclamptic women, and determine the need for early magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of PRES.
Regulation of the Gravitorpic Response and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Gravistimulated Snapdragon Spikes by Calcium Chelators and Ethylene Inhibitors

The possible involvement of Ca2+ as a second messenger in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) shoot gravitropism, as well as the role of ethylene in this bending response, were analyzed in terms of stem curvature and gravity-induced asymmetric ethylene production rates, ethylene-related metabolites, and invertase activity across the stem. Application of Ca2+ chelators (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, trans-1,2-cyclohexane dinitor-N,N,N[prime],N[prime]-tetraacetic acid, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N[prime],N[prime],-tetraacetic acid) or a Ca2+ antagonist (LaCl3) to the spikes caused a significant loss of their gravitorpic response following horizontal placement. Conversely, the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or the agonist Bay K-8644 increased gravibending. Longitudinally halved stem sections had significantly higher amounts of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and 1-(malonylamino) cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid compared with vertical controls, with the extra production arising exclusively from the lower half of the stem. trans-1,2-cyclohexane dinitro-N,N,N[prime],N[prime]-tetraacetic acid pretreatment completely abolished the gravity-induced ethylene gradient across the stem, thereby leading to a significant reduction of the curvature. Similarly, reduction of the ethylene produced in the gravistimulated stems with CoCl2 or inhibition of its action by silver thiosulfate or 2,5-norbornadiene significantly inhibited the subsequent gravibending. Silver thiosulfate and CoCl2 also abolished the gravity-induced gradient of invertase activity across the stem, which is associated with the asymmetric stem elongation. These results suggest that cytosolic Ca2+ may regulate auxin action in snapdragon spikes, manifested as increased ethylene production, which is, in turn, intimately correlated with stem bending. Therefore, both hormones seem to play significant roles in induction and progress of the gravibending of snapdragon spikes.
Sportswear Evaluative Criteria Segments: Benefits Sought, Attitudes toward Imported and Domestic Brands, and Sportswear Image Preferences

The purposes of this study were to segment consumer groups by evaluative criteria and to find the differences among the groups in regard to sportswear benefits sought, domestic and imported brand attitudes, and sportswear image preferences. The subjects used for the study were 773 male and female consumers who were residents in Seoul. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, and chi-square test. The results showed that there were two sportswear segments : brand/design-oriented group and function-oriented group. Statistical analyses showed that the two sportswear segments were different in regard to sportswear benefits sought, domestic and imported brands attitudes, sportswear image preferences, and demographics. Brand/design-oriented group sought the benefits of sex appeal/impression improvement, individuality, and conspicuousness, had a more favorable attitude toward imported brands, and preferred a prestigious image. They were relatively younger and had a higher income. In the meanwhile, function oriented group sought a comfort benefit from sportswear, had a more favorable attitude toward domestic brands, and preferred simple and active images. There were more high school graduates and home makers in function-oriented group. The implications of the study were discussed.