Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children’s experiences of disability: pointers to a social model of childhood disability

The social model of disability has paid little attention to disabled children, with few attempts to explore how far it provides an adequate explanatory framework for their experiences. This paper reports findings from a two‐year study exploring the lived experiences of 26 disabled children aged 7–15. They experienced disability in four ways—in terms of impairment, difference, other people’s behaviour towards them, and material barriers. Most young people presented themselves as similar to non‐disabled children: it is suggested they may have lacked a positive language with which to discuss difference. It is further argued that Thomas’s (1999) social relational model of disability can help inform understandings of children’s experiences, with ‘barriers to being’ having particular significance.
An Institutional Theory of Leadership

Most theories of leadership are rooted in a psychological paradigm that treats leadership as an individual attribute, although one that may be situationally activated or constrained In this article, the authors propose a theory of leadership inspired by the institutional school of organizational analysis. Using an approach based on Weberian sociology, the authors link leadership to the legitimating principles and norms of the social structure in which leadership occurs. Four hypotheses are presented; (1) leadership strategies in any one sociocultural setting will have strong underlying similarities, (2) as an organization changes over time, strategies of leadership will also change, (3) organizations performing the same tasks-but based on different substantive principles-will exhibit different strategies of leadership, and (4) occupational and organizational subgroups based on distinctive norms will exhibit similar leadership styles across organizations, and will differ from other subgroups within a single organization. 7he authors conclude by proposing a research agenda based on institutional theory.
Stress Echocardiography Positivity Predicts Cancer Death

Background Stress echocardiography (SE) predicts cardiac death, but an increasing share of cardiac patients eventually die of cancer. The aim of the study was to assess whether SE positivity predicts cancer death. Methods and Results In a retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired single‐center, observational data, we evaluated 4673 consecutive patients who underwent SE from 1983 to 2009. All patients were cancer‐free at index SE and were followed up for a median of 131 months (interquartile range 134). We separately analyzed predetermined end points: cardiovascular, cancer, and noncardiovascular, noncancer death, with and without competing risk. SE was positive in 1757 and negative in 2916 patients; 869 cardiovascular, 418 cancer, and 625 noncardiovascular, noncancer deaths were registered. The 25‐year mortality was higher in SE‐positive than in SE‐negative patients, considering cardiovascular (40% versus 31%; P<0.001) and cancer mortality (26% versus 17%; P<0.01). SE positivity was a strong predictor of cancer (cause‐specific hazard ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.73; P=0.05) and cardiovascular mortality (1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.35; P=0.02). Fine–Gray analysis to account for competing risk gave similar results. Cancer risk diverged after 15 years, whereas differences were already significant at 5 years for cardiovascular risk. Conclusions SE results predict cardiovascular and cancer mortality. SE may act as a proxy of the shared risk factor milieu for cancer or cardiovascular death.
The role of the tutor in a college of further education: A comparison of skills used by personal tutors and by student counsellors when working with students in distress

Abstract The personal counselling role of the college tutor is compared with the work of the trained student counsellor. A survey questionnaire measuring tutors' perceptions of their role, and identifying skills used in its execution, was administered to a sample of tutors in a college of further education. Another version of the questionnaire was administered to a sample of student counsellors to measure commonly-used skills. It was found that a lot of role confusion exists, that untrained tutors use a smaller range of skills than counsellors, and that they tend more towards advice-giving and directive techniques. They feel unprepared and unsupported in their counselling role.
Bilingual Knowledge Acquisition from Korean-English Parallel Corpus Using Alignment

This paper snggests a method to align Korean-English parallel corpus. '1? he structural dissimilarity between Korean and Indo-European languages requires more flexible measures to evaluate the alignment candidates between the bilingual units than is used to handle the pairs of Indo-European languages. The flexible measure is intended to capture the dependency between bilingual items that can occur in different units according to different ordering rules. The proposed method to accomplish KoreanEnglish aligmnent takes phrases as an alignment unit that is a departure from the existing methods taking words as the unit. Phrasal alignment avoids the problem of alignment units and appease the problem of ordering mismatch. The parameters are estimated using the EM algorithm. The proposed alignment algorithm is based on dynamic programming. In the experimenl, s carried out on 253,000 English words and its Korean translations the proposed method achived 68.7% in accuracy at phrase level and 89.2% in accuracy with the bilingual dictionary induced from the alignment. 'File result of the alignment may lead to richer bilingual data than can be derived from only wordlevel aligments.
Parentage versus two‐generation analyses for estimating pollen‐mediated gene flow in plant populations

Assessment of contemporary pollen‐mediated gene flow in plants is important for various aspects of plant population biology, genetic conservation and breeding. Here, through simulations we compare the two alternative approaches for measuring pollen‐mediated gene flow: (i) the neighborhood model — a representative of parentage analyses, and (ii) the recently developed twogener analysis of pollen pool structure. We investigate their properties in estimating the effective number of pollen parents (Nep) and the mean pollen dispersal distance (δ). We demonstrate that both methods provide very congruent estimates of Nep and δ, when the methods’ assumptions considering the shape of pollen dispersal curve and the mating system follow those used in data simulations, although the neighborhood model exhibits generally lower variances of the estimates. The violations of the assumptions, especially increased selfing or long‐distance pollen dispersal, affect the two methods to a different degree; however, they are still capable to provide comparable estimates of Nep. The neighborhood model inherently allows to estimate both self‐fertilization and outcrossing due to the long‐distance pollen dispersal; however, the twogener method is particularly sensitive to inflated selfing levels, which in turn may confound and suppress the effects of distant pollen movement. As a solution we demonstrate that in case of twogener it is possible to extract the fraction of intraclass correlation that results from outcrossing only, which seems to be very relevant for measuring pollen‐mediated gene flow. The two approaches differ in estimation precision and experimental efforts but they seem to be complementary depending on the main research focus and type of a population studied.
Occupancy, Spatial Variance, and the Abundance of Species

A notable and consistent ecological observation known for a long time is that spatial variance in the abundance of a species increases with its mean abundance and that this relationship typically conforms well to a simple power law (Taylor 1961). Indeed, such models can be used at a spectrum of spatial scales to describe spatial variance in the abundance of a single species at different times or in different regions and of different species across the same set of areas (Taylor et al. 1978; Taylor and Woiwod 1982).
Long-term Glioblastoma Multiforme Survivors: a Population-based Study

ABSTRACT: Background: Long-term glioblastoma multiforme survivors (LTGBMS) are uncommon. The frequency which these occur in an unselected population and factors which produce these unusually long survivors are unknown. Objectives: To determine in a population- based study 1) the frequency of LTGBMS in a population and 2) identify which patient, treatment or tumor characteristics would predict which glioblastoma (GBM) patient would become a LTGBMS. Methods: The Alberta Cancer Registry was used to identify all patients diagnosed with GBM in southern Alberta between 1/1/75 - 12/31/91. Patient charts were reviewed and histology re-examined by a blinded neuropathologist. LTGBMS were defined as GBM patients surviving ≥ 3 years after diagnosis. Each LTGBMS was compared to three age-, gender-, and year of diagnosis-matched controls to compare patient, treatment, and tumor factors to GBM patients without long-term survival. Results: There were 279 GBMs diagnosed in the study period. Five (1.8%) survived ≥ three years (range, 3.2-15.8 years). Seven additional long-term survivors, who carried a diagnosis of GBM, were excluded after neuropathologic review; the most common revised diagnosis was malignant oligodendroglioma. LTGBMS (avg. age = 45 years) were significantly younger when compared to all GBM patients (avg. age = 59 years, p - 0.0001) diagnosed in the study period. LTGBMS had a higher KPS at diagnosis (p = 0.001) compared to controls. Tumors from LTGBMS tended to have fewer mitoses and a lower Ki-67 cellular proliferative index compared to controls. Radiation-induced dementia was common and disabling in LTGBMS. Conclusions: These data highlight the dismal prognosis for GBM patients who have both a short median survival and very small chance (1.8%) of long-term survival. The LTGBMS were younger, had a higher performance status, and their tumors tended to proliferate less rapidly than control GBM patients. When long-term survival does occur it is often accompanied by severe treatment-induced dementia.
Dual Relationships Between Therapist and Client: A National Study of Psychologists, Psychiatrists, and Social Workers

4,800 psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers were surveyed (return rate = 49%) to examine attitudes and practices regarding dual professional roles, social involvements, financial involvements, and incidental involvements. Half of the Ss rated the degree to which each behavior was ethical; the other half reported how often they engaged in each behavior. A majority believed dual role behaviors to be unethical under most conditions; most reported that they had rarely or never engaged in the behaviors. 10 factors (therapist gender, profession, age, experience, marital status, region of residence, client gender, practice setting, theoretical orientation, and practice locale) were examined for their relation to beliefs and behaviors. A higher proportion of male than of female therapists were perpetrators of sexual and nonsexual dual relationships. The professions did not differ among themselves in terms of (a) sexual intimacies with clients before or after termination, (b) nonsexual dual professional roles, (c) social involvements, or (d) financial involvements with patients. 10 specific training implications are discussed in light of the exploitive and clinically harmful nature of dual relationships.
OC-035 Elastography for the diagnosis of severity of fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis

Introduction Transient elastography is a non-invasive method developed as an alternative to liver biopsy to assess fibrosis severity. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the performance of elastography in diagnosing fibrosis using liver biopsy as the reference standard. Methods Electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science citation index and Cochrane Library; and hand-search of major conference abstracts and article references were performed by two authors independently. Included studies used biopsy as reference standard, reported on data necessary to calculate the true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative diagnostic results of elastography for a fibrosis stage and had a 3-month maximum interval between tests. METAVIR F2 and cirrhosis were analysed. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS tool. Data were combined using the hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristics, and bivariate normal random-effects analysis of sensitivity and specificity methods, using the METANDI module. Results We identified 40 eligible studies (32 full papers). No article was assessed as adequate for all the questions in QUADAS. Only nine studies had both an acceptable reference and index test quality. Overall, the summary sensitivity and specificity was 0.79 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.82) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.83) for F2 and 0.83 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.86) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.91) for cirrhosis. With an elastography result at or over the threshold value as determined in each study, for F2 or cirrhosis (“positive” result), the corresponding post-test probability for presence of these stages (if pre-test probability was 50%) was 78%, and 88%, respectively, while values falling below those thresholds (“negative” result), the post-test probability was 21% and 16%, respectively. No optimal stiffness cut-offs for specific fibrosis stages were validated in independent cohorts. There was a wide range and overlap of cut-offs within and between different fibrosis stages. Conclusion Elastography is a good screening test for cirrhosis, with an 88% disease probability following a “positive” measurement, and a slightly worse tool in F=2. However, a “negative” measurement is less accurate, with disease being present in 15–20% of cases depending on fibrosis stage. Validation of liver stiffness cut-offs is required before elastography can be considered as sufficiently accurate for non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis stages.
Video and clinical screening of national rugby league players suspected of sustaining concussion

ABSTRACT Primary Objective: This study reviewed the available sideline Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-Third Edition (SCAT3) performance of players who were removed from play using the ‘concussion interchange rule’ (CIR), the available video footage of these incidences, and associated return to play and concussion diagnosis decisions. Research Design: Descriptive, observational case series. Methods and Procedures: Data were collected from all NRL players who used the CIR during the 2014 season. Main Outcomes and Results: Complete SCAT3 and video analysis data were available for 38 (23%) of 167 uses of the concussion interchange rule, of which 20 (52.6%) players were medically diagnosed with concussion. Those with video evidence of unresponsiveness performed more poorly on the modified Balance Error Scoring System (M-BESS; p = .04; Cohen’s d = .69) and reported greater symptoms (p = .03; d = .51). Similarly, players with a vacant stare reported greater symptoms (p = .05; d = .78). Those who demonstrated three signs (unresponsiveness, vacant stare and gait ataxia) performed more poorly on the M-BESS (p = .03; d = 1.4) and reported greater symptoms than those with no observable signs (p = .03; d = 1.4). Conclusions: The SCAT3 is sensitive to the acute effects of concussion in professional athletes; however, a minority of injured athletes might go undetected by this test.
School-Based Induction Tutors: A Challenging Role

Since September 1999, all Newly Qualified Teachers (NQTs) in England who wish to teach in the maintained sector have to complete an induction period. In the light of the introduction of this statutory policy, this article critically examines the key role of the school-based induction tutor in managing the process. It draws upon an analysis of the government's induction circulars (DfEE 1999, 2000; DfES 2001) and uses empirical data from a large, national DfES-funded project which evaluated the implementation of the policy. It is argued that, for the majority of schools the work of the induction tutor within the whole school context, including management by the headteacher, is the major factor in the success of the policy. Further, it is argued that there remain some tensions in the policy between the professional development and the assessment agenda.
Managing and training for virtual teams in India

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the current and potential use of virtual teams in the Indian context.Design/methodology/approach – The use of virtual styles and strategies was assessed through a series of questionnaires, focusing on managerial aspects. The sample consisted of companies and individuals from Europe, who work on virtual assignments. The results were analysed, paying particular attention to the actual usage and potential future usage of virtual assignments.Findings – It was found that a disparity between the actual and the potential use of virtual delegates exists. Furthermore, the increasing use of virtual delegates requires tailored intercultural training, which meets the specific demands of these delegates and the requirements of virtual teamwork. The paper goes on to discuss how traditional training can be adapted for the training of virtual assignees.Originality/value – The findings have implications for both academics and practitioners, as they indicate that there .
Purinergic axis in cardiac blood vessels. Agonist-mediated release of ATP from cardiac endothelial cells.

Purified endothelial cells isolated from guinea pig hearts by enzymatic perfusion were grown in monolayer culture and used to test the ability of a variety of vasoactive agents to stimulate ATP release from these cells. Stimulation of endothelial cells with the peptide agonist bradykinin (1 nmol/L), acetylcholine (1 mumol/L), serotonin (1 mumol/L), or adenosine 5'-diphosphate (10 mumol/L) resulted in the rapid appearance of ATP in the incubation medium determined with the firefly luciferase assay for ATP. Addition of antagonists for muscarinic (atropine, 0.1 mumol/L) and purinergic (suramin, 100 mumol/L; reactive blue-2, 100 mumol/L) receptors suggested that ATP release from these cells was receptor-mediated. Bradykinin-induced release of ATP was rapid (peak < 30 seconds at 3 nmol/L bradykinin), dose-dependent (EC50, 0.18 nmol/L), and diminished with repeated administration of agonist. Desensitization to bradykinin also affected the ability of acetylcholine to induce release and was reversible when cells were returned to growth conditions for short periods. Measurement of released adenyl purines as their fluorescent N6-ethenopurine derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the origin of the purine released to be ATP and confirmed its rapid dephosphorylation. Addition of the purine nucleotide analogues 2-methylthio-ATP (2-methyl-S-ATP), ADP, and beta gamma-methylene ATP to endothelial cell cultures resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the appearance of ATP measured in the medium bathing the cells at 30 seconds, suggesting the presence of ATP-induced ATP release. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cross-layer Design of Distributed Control over Wireless Networks

It is my great pleasure to contribute this paper in honor of Pravin Varaiya on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Pravin has been an amazing advisor, mentor, colleague and friend, as well as an inspiration throughout my career. I am continually awed by Pravin’s brilliant intellect, deep and broad knowledge on so many subjects, and his impeccably high standards in research. He has a unique ability to distill complex research problems down to their basic inner core, from which he develops simple and elegant solutions. It has been a real privilege to collaborate with him and to learn from him. I am also deeply grateful for his unwavering support and mentoring from the day I entered the Ph.D. program until today. Most of all, I treasure the friendship that has developed with him and Ruth, and look forward to many more years of collaboration and dynamic dinners together. AJG
Should He Chitchat? The Benefits of Small Talk for Male Versus Female Negotiators

Past research links the use of small talk in negotiations to positive outcomes. We posit that men and women may not benefit equally from small talk. Building on stereotype and environmental certainty theories, we propose contexts when male negotiators who small talk are perceived more favorably. Studies 1a/1b show that men enjoy a social boost from small talk when cues for behavior are not strongly articulated. Study 2 identifies a social boost from small talk to both genders when cues for behavior are clearly articulated, but this boost only translates into better deals for men who small talk. Overall, small talk in negotiations has a stronger, more consistent effect for men.
Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies of University of Botswana English as Second Language students of different academic reading proficiencies

This study explored metacognitive awareness level of University of Botswana students in the Faculty of Social Sciences. It also considered the more recent research focusing on the role of metacognitive awareness in reading and how it relates to proficiency. The following questions are addressed: (1) What are the self-reported reading proficiencies of the University of Botswana students? (2) Are the University of Botswana students aware of their metacognitive reading strategies? (3) What kind of metacognitive reading strategies are frequently used? (4) Is there a difference in metacognitive awareness of reading strategies used by high- and low-proficiency students respectively? The Survey of Reading Strategies Questionnaire (SORS) developed by Mokhtari and Sheorey (2002), and the semi-structured interview technique were used to collect data for this study. The findings indicate that University of Botswana English as Second Language (ESL) students reported high reading proficiency and high use of metacognitive strategies, but there was no vast difference in terms of proficiency. Students who reported their proficiency as high had an edge over low-proficiency ones mainly because their management and monitoring of reading was guided more by the goals they have set themselves than by the tests and assignments they were supposed to write.
Association of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Start Codon FokI Polymorphism with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Background: Vitamin D start codon polymorphism has been suggested to be associated with the increase risk of developing different hematological malignancies including AML. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between VDR start codon F/f polymorphism and the risk of AML among Sudanese. Study Design: Hospital-based case-control study. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 Sudanese patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were enrolled in this study. In addition 37 age and sex matched healthy volunteers were included as a control group. Five milliliters (ml) of venues blood were collected and pour into K3 ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and genomic DNA was extracted from all samples using salting out method. A 260 bp fragment of VDR gene was amplified by PCR and digested by restriction enzyme (FokI) to detect the polymorphism. Results: The result showed that the genotype FF was the most frequent (72.2%) in patient with AML, followed by the genotype Ff (27.8%). Also in the healthy control group the genotype FF was the