Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvement of antibiotic prescription in outpatient care: a cluster-randomized intervention study using a sentinel surveillance network of physicians.

OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of implementing guidelines, coupled with individual feedback, on antibiotic prescribing behaviour of primary care physicians in Switzerland. METHODS One hundred and forty general practices from a representative Swiss sentinel network of primary care physicians participated in this cluster-randomized prospective intervention study. The intervention consisted of providing guidelines on treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (UTIs), coupled with sustained, regular feedback on individual antibiotic prescription behaviour during 2 years. The main aims were: (i) to increase the percentage of prescriptions of penicillins for all RTIs treated with antibiotics; (ii) to increase the percentage of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prescriptions for all uncomplicated lower UTIs treated with antibiotics; (iii) to decrease the percentage of quinolone prescriptions for all cases of exacerbated COPD (eCOPD) treated with antibiotics; and (iv) to decrease the proportion of sinusitis and other upper RTIs treated with antibiotics. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01358916). RESULTS While the percentage of antibiotics prescribed for sinusitis or other upper RTIs and the percentage of quinolones prescribed for eCOPD did not differ between the intervention group and the control group, there was a significant increase in the percentage of prescriptions of penicillins for all RTIs treated with antibiotics [57% versus 49%, OR=1.42 (95% CI 1.08-1.89), P=0.01] and in the percentage of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prescriptions for all uncomplicated lower UTIs treated with antibiotics [35% versus 19%, OR=2.16 (95% CI 1.19-3.91), P=0.01] in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS In our setting, implementing guidelines, coupled with sustained individual feedback, was not able to reduce the proportion of sinusitis and other upper RTIs treated with antibiotics, but increased the use of recommended antibiotics for RTIs and UTIs, as defined by the guidelines.
Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness

In 2 studies, the Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) Scale, a single-item, pictorial measure of closeness, demonstrated alternate-form and test-retest reliability; convergent validity with the Relationship Closeness Inventory (Berscheid, Snyder, & Omoto, 1989), the Sternberg (1988) Intimacy Scale, and other measures; discriminant validity; minimal social desirability correlations; and predictive validity for whether romantic relationships were intact 3 months later
Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 in the cerebrospinal fluid as an index of neurological disease

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a serpin proteinase inhibitor which regulates fibrinolysis and the proteinase cascade of tumour invasion. In this study, PAI-1 was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients without neurological disease and patients with various neurological disorders. The mean level of PAI-1 in the CSF of 28 patients without central nervous system (CNS) disease was 0.28 ± 0.03 (SEM) ng/ml. CSF PAI-1 was significantly increased in the following diagnostic categories: dementia (Alzheimer's disease), cerebral infarction, CNS infection, alcohol withdrawal seizures and CNS neoplasia. In all these disorders, with the exception of CNS infection, PAI-1 was also increased as a fraction of total CSF protein. CSF PAI-1 was not increased in patients with hydrocephalus or idiopathic seizure disorders. Complementary plasma samples were available for 18 of the 128 CSF specimens studied. For these cases, there was no correlation between plasma PAI-1 and CSF PAI-1 levels. PAI-1 may represent a non-specific marker of disease in the central nervous system.
The Mismanagement of Innovation

The paper argues the need for a sociology of management which relates the micro-sociology of management activities to the economic performance of the firm and to debates about power relations and the distribution of wealth. The substance of the paper is a study of a medium-sized British company in the computer components industry. The research focuses on the relationships between development engineers and managers, and analyses the structural reasons for the failure to innovate. In particular it shows that management, in attempting to pursue an instrumental rationality, undermined the achievement of their own objectives. The contradiction between the logic of short-term instrumental controls and the espoused organic, human resources model of management produced a damaging pattern of workplace relations characterised by distrust and defensiveness. The result was a motivational crisis over the management of innovation, which contributed to the eventual failure of the business.
An exploratory study of gender effect on student presentation evaluations: Does gender similarity make a difference?

Purpose – This study aims to examine the potential effects of the gender similarity between the presenter and evaluator on the presentation evaluation scores obtained with an evaluation form.Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from marketing students at two universities in the USA. A rubric and separate survey instrument were used to capture student presentation evaluation scores and perceptions of gender differences in various aspects of presentation quality.Findings – Findings indicate that gender of evaluators or presenters did not have any significant effect on presentation scores. The survey of student perceptions of gender effect on student presentations indicate that while female students seem to be perceived as better presenters than male students, the study found no consistent patterns of gender effect on presentation evaluations.Research limitations/implications – Only four evaluation criteria were used to measure presentation quality.Originality/value – The results of this exp.
Predisposing Childhood Factors for Men Who Kill Their Intimate Partners

Abstract Various studies have shown high rates of child abuse and childhood exposure to domestic violence among men who abuse their female partners. This study sought to explore these as possible predisposing factors for 31 men who killed their intimate partners as well as 20 men who attempted to kill their partners. Data about perpetrators' upbringings was collected as part of a larger study about intimate partner homicides that included in-depth interviews with killers as well as victims of attempted homicide. We found high rates of child abuse and spouse abuse for both sets of perpetrators; predominantly their fathers were the abusing parent. The findings support social learning theory, which holds that violence is learned through modeling from parents, but also psychodynamic theories that view violence as a defensive adaptation to childhood trauma and other adverse conditions.
*Happiness and Public Policy: A Challenge to the Profession

The theory behind public economics needs radical reform. It fails to explain the recent history of human welfare and it ignores some of the key findings of modern psychology. Indeed these two failings are intimately linked: it is because the theory ignores psychology that it is unable to explain the facts. The fact is that, despite massive increases in purchasing power, people in the West are no happier than they were fifty years ago. We know this from population surveys and other supporting evidence which I shall review. The most obvious explanations come from three standard findings of the new psychology of happiness. 1 First, a person’s happiness is negatively affected by the incomes of others (a negative externality). Second, a person’s happiness adapts quite rapidly to higher levels of income (a phenomenon of addiction). And third, our tastes are not given ‐ the happiness we get from what we have is largely culturally determined. These findings provide a challenge to the theory and conclusions of public economics, as set out for example in Atkinson and Stiglitz (1980). The challenge to public economics is to incorporate the findings of modern psychology while retaining the rigour of the cost‐benefit framework which is the strength and glory of our subject. 2 In what follows I shall first review the measurement of happiness. Then I shall take the three findings that I discussed one by one, and pursue the policy implications of each of them. I shall end with some overall reflections.
The dual role of candida glabrata drug:H+ antiporter CgAqr1 (ORF CAGL0J09944g) in antifungal drug and acetic acid resistance

Opportunistic Candida species often have to cope with inhibitory concentrations of acetic acid, in the acidic environment of the vaginal mucosa. Given that the ability of these yeast species to tolerate stress induced by weak acids and antifungal drugs appears to be a key factor in their persistence and virulence, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the drug:H+ antiporter CgAqr1 (ORF CAGL0J09944g), from Candida glabrata, was identified as a determinant of resistance to acetic acid, and also to the antifungal agents flucytosine and, less significantly, clotrimazole. These antifungals were found to act synergistically with acetic acid against this pathogen. The action of CgAqr1 in this phenomenon was analyzed. Using a green fluorescent protein fusion, CgAqr1 was found to localize to the plasma membrane and to membrane vesicles when expressed in C. glabrata or, heterologously, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Given its ability to complement the susceptibility phenotype of its S. cerevisiae homolog, ScAqr1, CgAqr1 was proposed to play a similar role in mediating the extrusion of chemical compounds. Significantly, the expression of this gene was found to reduce the intracellular accumulation of 3H-flucytosine and, to a moderate extent, of 3H-clotrimazole, consistent with a direct role in antifungal drug efflux. Interestingly, no effect of CgAQR1 deletion could be found on the intracellular accumulation of 14C-acetic acid, suggesting that its role in acetic acid resistance may be indirect, presumably through the transport of a still unidentified physiological substrate. Although neither of the tested chemicals induces changes in CgAQR1 expression, pre-exposure to flucytosine or clotrimazole was found to make C. glabrata cells more sensitive to acetic acid stress. Results from this study show that CgAqr1 is an antifungal drug resistance determinant and raise the hypothesis that it may play a role in C. glabrata persistent colonization and multidrug resistance.
Studying social work: Choice or compromise? Students' views in a social work school in Greece

This article reports the findings of a study that explored factors affecting the choice to graduate from social work made by active students in one of the three social work departments in Greece. Research focused mainly on structural factors (students' socio-economic background and demographic characteristics, the educational system and the system of admission to higher education). It also touched briefly upon students' prevailing work values. Findings indicate that students' socio-economic background and the educational system's structure play a significant role in their choice to graduate from social work. These structural factors seem to have caused their educational/ occupational choice to be a rather limited one, since approximately 30% of the students decided to graduate as a form of compromise. Students rated intrinsic work values highly, which is consistent with prior research findings.
Reactivation of seizure‐related changes to interictal spike shape and synchrony during postseizure sleep in patients

Local field potentials (LFPs) arise from synchronous activation of millions of neurons, producing seemingly consistent waveform shapes and relative synchrony across electrodes. Interictal spikes (IISs) are LFPs associated with epilepsy that are commonly used to guide surgical resection. Recently, changes in neuronal firing patterns observed in the minutes preceding seizure onset were found to be reactivated during postseizure sleep, a process called seizure‐related consolidation (SRC), due to similarities with learning‐related consolidation. Because IISs arise from summed neural activity, we hypothesized that changes in IIS shape and relative synchrony would be observed in the minutes preceding seizure onset and would be reactivated preferentially during postseizure slow‐wave sleep (SWS).
Characterization of Grewia Gum, a Potential Pharmaceutical Excipient

Grewia gum was extracted from the inner stem bark of Grewia mollis and characterized by several techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis of the extracted sample. Spectroscopic techniques such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and H and C 1 13 NMR techniques were also used to characterize the gum. The results showed that grewia gum is a typically amorphous polysaccharide gum containing glucose, rhamnose, galactose, arabinose and xylose as neutral sugars. It has an average molecular weight of 5925 kDa expressed as the pullulan equivalent. The gum slowly hydrated in water, dispersing and swelling to form a highly viscous dispersion exhibiting pseudoplastic flow behaviour. The polysaccharide gum is thermally stable and may have application as stabilizer or suspending agent in foods, cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals. It may have application as a binder or sustained-release polymer matrix in tablets or granulations.
Devic's syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus and probable antiphospholipid syndrome.

as the immunomodulatory drugs typically used for MS will beineffective for relapse prevention in NMO and severe refractoryattacks in NMO usually necessitate rescue plasmapheresis or moreeffective immunosuppressive therapies [3]. In the management of this suspected case of NMO, the authorsmade use of investigatory tools such as cerebrospinal ﬂuid analysisand MRI of the brain/spinal cord in diagnosis. However, asindicated by de Seze et al. [2], even when all these investigatoryarmaments are summoned there is still the pitfall of misdiagnosisand the inability to distinguish the two. Recently, using thetechnique of dual immunostaining, Lennon et al. [4] havedemonstrated that a serum autoantibody marker, NMO-IgG,is highly speciﬁc for neuromyelitis optica and can signiﬁcantlycurtail the diagnostic ambiguity.Perhaps, with the aid of a speciﬁc autoantibody marker, themanagement of this patient might have been more streamlined.The authors have declared no conﬂicts of interest.A. Y. K. C
Being an Artist Teacher: A Liberating Identity?.

Education as a liberating and democratic process remains an aim and belief in discourses within the field and beyond. The arts also have a tradition in which ‘artistic freedom’ is valued even if what constitutes artistic freedom is contested. In this article an educational discourse in which dialogue is considered a means to personal and collective liberation through education is highlighted and related to ‘artistic freedom’ and the dual roles of artist and teacher, in which learners and teachers are encouraged to contribute to and change culture as well as study and absorb it. Conceptualisations of the artist teacher and professional development and practices associated with these are considered to open up creative possibilities for art teachers without undermining other positive aspects of identity as a teacher and practitioner.
A New Kind of and Reversible Brainstem Involvement in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome as an Initial Manifestation

ABSTRACT The prevalence of abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) varies in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients and they are generally multiple hyperintense areas in the subcortical and periventricular white matter on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. Here, we report brainstem involvement in a patient with pSS that was extensive on MRI, but reversible. The patient's outcome was positive. To our knowledge, a similar case has not previously been described.
Memory for Pictures and Words following Literal and Metaphorical Decisions

The recognition memory of words and pictures was tested following a study session where the stimuli entered metaphorical or literal decision tasks. The results confirmed a picture superiority effect in the sense that the memory for pictures under all conditions was better than the memory for words. However, a metaphorical task at study had opposite effects on the long-term memory for pictures and words, producing better memory for words and poorer memory for pictures compared to a literal decision task at study. The results are interpreted within the concept of dual coding.
Minimizing the Multi-view Stereo Reprojection Error for Triangular Surface Meshes

This article proposes a variational multi-view stereo vision method based on meshes for recovering 3D scenes (shape and radiance) from images. Our method is based on generative models and minimizes the reprojection error (difference between the observed images and the images synthesized from the reconstruction). Our contributions are twofold. 1) For the first time, we rigorously compute the gradient of the reprojection error for non smooth surfaces defined by discrete triangular meshes. The gradient correctly takes into account the visibility changes that occur when a surface moves; this forces the contours generated by the reconstructed surface to perfectly match with the apparent contours in the input images. 2) We propose an original modification of the Lambertian model to take into account deviations from the constant brightness assumption without explicitly modelling the reflectance properties of the scene or other photometric phenomena involved by the camera model. Our method is thus able to recover the shape and the diffuse radiance of non Lambertian scenes.
Journalism Innovation and the Ecology of News Production

This monograph develops and tests a news ecology model to help explain development and stasis of news forms and practices. The model predicts that emerging media form populations as they pursue similar resources and that later, forms and practices tend to become more similar and more legitimate to would-be entrants and to other institutions. The model is tested through an analysis of the health blog population and case studies of two city news environments. Results offered evidence that emerging media develop population forms that shift from an instrumental to an institutional orientation as they gain public legitimacy and become increasingly specialized.
Managing Education Programs: A Micro-behavioral Analysis

DUCATION MANAGERS-school principals and proE gram directors-are as important to the well-being of the education enterprise as are teachers and students. Policymakers expect the managers to maintain established programs and implement new ones. Analysts and evaluators find that the school principal or program manager is a key figure in the success o r failure of innovations. ' Superintendents, teachers, and parents all expect the principal to provide leadership at the school building level. Particularly in a time of declining enrollments, when every dollar in the school budget must be stretched, the school manager is a key figure in producing and maintaining a high quality education program. Yet, in comparison with students and teachers, education managers have not been the subject of a great deal of behavioral research. Gross and Herriott (1964) investigated opinions about the professional leadership of elementary school principals. Cuban (1977) analyzed the impact of urban school superintendents on their districts. Cohen and March (1974) investigated the careers and impact of college presidents on their institutions. Analysts whose primary interest is innovations o r classroom practices acknowledge the importance of , but d o not directly document, the impact of the education manager (for example, Herman et al. 1975; Smith and Keith 1971; Gross et al. 1971). With the exception of Wolcott's (1973) ethnographic study of an elementary school principal, there is little empirically based knowledge of school manager behavior. Expanding our empirically based knowledge of school manager behavior can serve several useful purposes. First, it is commonly asserted that school managers influence teacher and student behavior. Only by understanding what school managers actually do is it possible to determine how that influence occurs. Second, policymakers from school superintendents to the U.S. Commissioner of Education rely on school managers as key figures in any effort a t educational reform. Understanding common patterns of school manager behavior can assist policymakers in identifying both appropriate and inappropriate strategies for intervening in that
The Rural Church Is Different: the Case of Anglican Confirmation

This paper explores the different approaches to confirmation displayed by samples of 1,553 rural churches, 983 urban churches and 584 suburban churches. The data demonstrate four distinctive features of confirmation in rural churches. There is a considerably higher number of confirmands per capita of the population. There is a higher proportion of male confirmands. There is a higher proportion of pre-teenage and teenage confirmands. The confirmation of younger candidates in the rural church is associated with some positive signs of church growth. By way of contrast emphasis on confirmation under the age of fourteen years in the urban church tends to be associated with signs of church decline. These findings draw attention to the distinctive experience of the rural church and warn against the uncritical generalisation of pastoral recommendations modelled on urban experiences.
Computing Geometric Properties of Images Represented by Linear Quadtrees

The region quadtree is a hierarchical data structure that finds use in applications such as image processing, computer graphics, pattern recognition, robotics, and cartography. In order to save space, a number of pointerless quadtree representations (termed linear quadtrees) have been proposed. One representation maintains the nodes in a list ordered according to a preorder traversal of the quadtree. Using such an image representation and a graph definition of a quadtree, a general algorithm to compute geometric image properties such as the perimeter, the Euler number, and the connected components of an image is developed and analyzed. The algorithm differs from the conventional approaches to images represented by quadtrees in that it does not make use of neighbor finding methods that require the location of a nearest common ancestor. Instead, it makes use of a staircase-like data structure to represent the blocks that have been already processed. The worst-case execution time of the algorithm, when used to compute the perimeter, is proportional to the number of leaf nodes in the quadtree, which is optimal. For an image of size 2n × 2n, the perimeter algorithm requires only four arrays of 2n positions each for working storage. This makes it well suited to processing linear quadtrees residing in secondary storage. Implementation experience has confirmed its superiority to existing approaches to computing geometric properties for images represented by quadtrees.