Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employee Responses to Empowering Leadership: A Meta-Analysis

A recent and growing number of studies examined how empowering leadership influences employee outcomes. At the individual level, we meta-analyzed 55 independent samples to determine the association between empowering leader behaviors and subordinates’ responses. Results confirmed the positive links of empowering leadership with evaluations of the leader as well as with employee motivation and resources, attitudes, and performance; the strongest correlation was between empowering leadership and attitudes toward the leader (ρ = .59), whereas the weakest correlation was for empowering leadership with behavioral and performance outcomes (ρ = .31). However, the relationship of empowering leadership with subordinates’ emotions was not significant. Examination of potential moderators, including rating sources, nationality of sample, gender, and industry, did not explain much of the heterogeneity in the results. In sum, findings highlight the potential benefit of empowering leadership for individual and organizational outcomes. Thus, more knowledge about what causes empowering leadership could be useful.
Halo Substructure and the Power Spectrum

We present a semianalytic model to investigate the merger history, destruction rate, and survival probability of substructure in hierarchically formed dark matter halos and use it to study the substructure content of halos as a function of input primordial power spectrum. For a standard cold dark matter "concordance" cosmology (ΛCDM; n = 1, σ8 = 0.95) we successfully reproduce the subhalo velocity function and radial distribution profile seen in N-body simulations and determine that the rate of merging and disruption peaks ~10-12 Gyr in the past for Milky Way-like halos, while surviving substructures are typically accreted within the last ~0-8 Gyr. We explore power spectra with normalizations and spectral "tilts" spanning the ranges σ8 ≃ 1-0.65 and n ≃ 1-0.8, and include a "running-index" model with dn/d ln k = -0.03 similar to the best-fit model discussed in the first-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) report. We investigate spectra with truncated small-scale power, including a broken-scale inflation model and three warm dark matter cases with mW = 0.75-3.0 keV. We find that the mass fraction in substructure is relatively insensitive to the tilt and overall normalization of the primordial power spectrum. All of the CDM-type models yield projected substructure mass fractions that are consistent with, but on the low side, of published estimates from strong lens systems: f9 = 0.4%-1.5% (64th percentile) for subhalos smaller than 109 M☉ within projected cylinders of radius r < 10 kpc. Truncated models produce significantly smaller fractions, f9 = 0.02%-0.2% for mW ≃ 1 keV, and are disfavored by lensing estimates. This suggests that lensing and similar probes can provide a robust test of the CDM paradigm and a powerful constraint on broken-scale inflation/warm particle masses, including masses larger than the ~1 keV upper limits of previous studies. We compare our predicted subhalo velocity functions with the dwarf satellite population of the Milky Way. Assuming that dwarfs have isotropic velocity dispersions, we find that the standard n = 1 model overpredicts the number of Milky Way satellites at Vmax ≲ 35 km s-1, as expected. Models with less small-scale power do better because subhalos are less concentrated and the mapping between observed velocity dispersion and halo Vmax is significantly altered. The running-index model, or a fixed tilt with σ8 ~ 0.75, can account for the local dwarfs without the need for differential feedback (for Vmax ≳ 20 km s-1); however, these comparisons depend sensitively on the assumption of isotropic velocities in satellite galaxies.
W3touch: metrics-based web page adaptation for touch

Web designers currently face the increased proliferation and diversity of new touch devices which pose major challenges to the design task. This paper presents W3Touch - an interface instrumentation toolkit for web designers to collect user performance data for different device characteristics in order to help them identify potential design problems for touch interaction. Web designers can visualise the data aggregated by W3Touch and use simple metrics to automate the adaptation process for many different viewing and interaction contexts. In a series of experiments with web designers and users, we show that W3Touch is able to detect interaction problems that are hard to find using conventional methods and demonstrate how the tool was successfully used to automate the desktop-to-mobile migration of Wikipedia as an example.
Red fluorescent genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators for use in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

Ca2+ is a key intermediary in a variety of signalling pathways and undergoes dynamic changes in its cytoplasmic concentration due to release from stores within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and influx from the extracellular environment. In addition to regulating cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals, these responses also affect the concentration of Ca2+ within the ER and mitochondria. Single fluorescent protein-based Ca2+ indicators, such as the GCaMP series based on GFP, are powerful tools for imaging changes in the concentration of Ca2+ associated with intracellular signalling pathways. Most GCaMP-type indicators have dissociation constants (Kd) for Ca2+ in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range and are therefore optimal for measuring cytoplasmic [Ca2+], but poorly suited for use in mitochondria and ER where [Ca2+] can reach concentrations of several hundred micromolar. We now report GCaMP-type low-affinity red fluorescent genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators for optical imaging (LAR-GECO), engineered to have Kd values of 24 μM (LAR-GECO1) and 12 μM (LAR-GECO1.2). We demonstrate that these indicators can be used to image mitochondrial and ER Ca2+ dynamics in several cell types. In addition, we perform two-colour imaging of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in cells expressing both cytoplasmic GCaMP and ER-targeted LAR-GECO1. The development of these low-affinity intensiometric red fluorescent Ca2+ indicators enables monitoring of ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ in combination with GFP-based reporters.
A Novel Generalized Congruence Neural Networks and Its Application in Identification Simulation

In this paper, a novel improved generalized congruence neural networks (NIGCNN) is presented, i.e. generalized piecewise derivative of error function is back propagated to adjust weights of GCNN, which solves the problem that the approximation method, adopted by GCNN and IGCNN, can not control the weight space very well. The results of approximation for sine function and identification simulation for nonlinear dynamical system show that NIGCNN is fully effective. In simulation, NIGCNN's stability is better than that of the previous two GCNNs, and is almost the same as that of the traditional BPNN, while its convergent speed is faster than that of the traditional BPNN, and is almost the same as that of the previous two GCNNs
Susceptibility of nonpromoter CpG islands to de novo methylation in normal and neoplastic cells.

BACKGROUND Many cancers display alterations in methylation patterns of CpG islands--stretches of DNA rich in CpG dinucleotides often associated with gene promoters that are involved in initiation of gene transcription. This methylation may perturb expression of genes critical to the regulation of cell proliferation. Aberrant methylation is not limited to a few genes or to promoter regions but has been found on a genome-wide scale in a variety of neoplasias, including colorectal cancer and acute myelogenous leukemia. Our goal was to characterize, in a quantitative manner, the profiles of abnormally methylated genes that may be specific for different cancers. METHODS Using a quantitative assay, methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension (MS-SNuPE), we have analyzed the methylation levels of promoter and exonic (coding region) CpG islands of two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [p15(INK4B) and p16(INK4A)] and the PAX6 gene, which encodes a transcriptional factor involved in neuronal proliferation, in DNA samples taken from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and colorectal cancer. RESULTS De novo methylation of all three exonic loci in tumors--relative to baseline levels found in nontumor tissue or blood--was observed in hematologic neoplasias and in solid tumors as well as in normal colonic tissue. However, methylation of promoter regions was more limited. Moreover, two different patterns of promoter methylation distinguished the leukemias from colorectal cancer: p15 promoter hypermethylation was found only in the leukemias, and p16 promoter hypermethylation occurred only in colon tumors. However, we did not address this issue prospectively; therefore, such an observation is only hypothesis generating. CONCLUSIONS The methylation patterns that we observed suggest that exonic CpG islands are more susceptible to de novo methylation than promoter islands and that methylation may be seeded in exonic regions, from which it can spread to other islands, including promoter regions. Subsequent selection of cells with a growth advantage conferred by spread of methylation into and inactivation of a particular promoter might then contribute to the genesis of a specific type of cancer.
Texts and Talk: A Close Look at Gender in Literature Discussion Groups.

This study investigated discourse according to gender-related patterns o f eight sixth-grade students (four boys and four girls) as they discussed four realistic fiction short stories in peer-led discussion groups that alternated between same-sex and mixedsex group compositions. Descriptive data were analyzed according to the constant comparative method o f analysis. Quantitative analysis was used to determine discourse patterns in terms o f frequency. Data were analyzed to answer the following questions: (1) Will the discourse patterns vary when the students discuss their responses in same-sex groups and mixedsex groups'7 If so, in what ways will they vary? (2) Will gender differences be apparent in the oral discussions'7 If so, what are the gender differences? (3) What texts or text elements will be woven into the students’ oral discussions? Will the texts woven into the students’ oral discussions reveal gender related patterns? The results indicated differences for all three questions. In same-sex groups, the boys tended to use a personal frame o f reference, to compare themselves to the action in the story with statements, and to include more off-focus comments, as well as motions or sounds; the girls tended to use a text-driven frame o f reference, compare themselves to the action in the story with questions, and to include few off-focus comments, motions, or sounds. The mixed-sex groups were more like the girls’ same-sex discussions. The girls were not silenced in the mixed-sex groups. Other differences included an emphasis on physical action for the boys and an emphasis on relationships and emotions for the girls. There was a difference in the types o f linking to other texts with the girls tending to make connections to elements o f the short stories in the study,
Cross validation of hard-copy and web-based formats of the Sport Imagery Ability Measure

The purpose of this multi-sample study was to examine the psychometric characteristics, factor structure, and measurement invariance of the hard-copy and web-based versions of a measure of sport imagery ability, termed Sport Imagery Ability Measure (SIAM). In the first sample, Spanish athletes (N = 274, 161 men, 113 women, Mage = 21.91, SD = 6.67) completed a hard-copy version of the SIAM. A newly developed web-based version of the SIAM was cross validated in an independent group (N = 266, 147 men, 119 women, Mage = 25.93, SD = 9.84). A small group of participants (n = 16) completed both versions. Exploratory structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis of the data from the hard-copy version showed that a 3-factor (i.e. generation, feeling, and single senses) solution of the SIAM reached satisfactory fit indices. The 3-factor solution showed good fit to the data obtained through the web-based version of the SIAM. Multi-group comparisons provided support for measurement invariance across gender and competitive level. Evidence of full invariance of factor loadings was obtained for both formats of administration indicating that the factor structure was held across groups, while partial invariance was seen for item intercepts indicating inequality in the intercepts of some indicators.
Inflatable penile prostheses for the treatment of erectile dysfunction

Male erectile dysfunction is a common medical condition. Recent advances in our understanding of corpora cavernosa physiology have resulted in three effective oral medications (sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil – all phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors), which can effectively treat many men with erectile dysfunction. However, a large number of men are not adequately treated by these medications due to their cost, side effects, contraindications or lack of a satisfactory erectile response. For men who do not respond to less invasive therapy, an inflatable penile prosthesis can provide an excellent alternative. This article will review and critique the currently available inflatable penile prostheses in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Approximate Symmetry Detection in Partial 3D Meshes

Symmetry is a common characteristic in natural and man‐made objects. Its ubiquitous nature can be exploited to facilitate the analysis and processing of computational representations of real objects. In particular, in computer graphics, the detection of symmetries in 3D geometry has enabled a number of applications in modeling and reconstruction. However, the problem of symmetry detection in incomplete geometry remains a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a vote‐based approach to detect symmetry in 3D shapes, with special interest in models with large missing parts. Our algorithm generates a set of candidate symmetries by matching local maxima of a surface function based on the heat diffusion in local domains, which guarantee robustness to missing data. In order to deal with local perturbations, we propose a multi‐scale surface function that is useful to select a set of distinctive points over which the approximate symmetries are defined. In addition, we introduce a vote‐based scheme that is aware of the partiality, and therefore reduces the number of false positive votes for the candidate symmetries. We show the effectiveness of our method in a varied set of 3D shapes and different levels of partiality. Furthermore, we show the applicability of our algorithm in the repair and completion of challenging reassembled objects in the context of cultural heritage.
Rap music in minority languages in secondary education: a case study of Catalan rap

This article explores hip hop music as a powerful tool for educational institutions to promote minority languages among teenagers living in multilingual contexts. It reports on an educational experience in secondary education that consisted of a series of rhyme workshops given by a guest hip hop artist in a secondary school in Catalonia, where two main languages (Spanish and Catalan) coexist in an unbalanced situation that favours Spanish for peer-communication. Drawing on two articulated pieces of fieldwork (the first one in the classroom and the second outside school with three students who were emergent rappers), the study shows a rift between language practices in the classroom and hip hop language practices in the teenagers’ lives. It also shows the powerful effect of bringing a professional musician into the classroom and how the school can have an impact on the language practices of the students outside school.
Key Dimensions of Inhibitors for the Deployment of Web-Based Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce

There has been a rapid increase in the number of firms undertaking business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (e-commerce) initiatives. Although there are various benefits to B2B e-commerce, there are also inhibitors to its deployment. This study empirically investigates the inhibitors for deploying Web-based B2B e-commerce applications in organizations. A field survey of senior IT executives was conducted to examine the key problems that inhibit the deployment of Web-based B2B e-commerce. A comprehensive list of inhibitors was derived from an extensive review of the literature and pretested with senior IT executives. Data from 249 firms were factor analyzed to yield the underlying structural dimensions of inhibitors impacting the deployment of Web-based B2B e-commerce. Univariate t-test and multivariate discriminant analysis were carried out on the resulting ten dimensions to compare B2B (i.e., firms who have deployed B2B) and non-B2B firms (i.e., firms who have not deployed B2B). The results suggest that key inhibitors in B2B deployment are the lack of top management support, unresolved technical issues, the lack of e-commerce strategy, and the difficulties in cost-benefit assessment of e-commerce investments. Implications of the results for researchers and IT/engineering management executives are discussed
The Distribution of H13CN in the Circumstellar Envelope around IRC+10216

H13CN J = 8 → 7 submillimeter line emission produced in the circumstellar envelope around the extreme carbon star IRC+10216 has been imaged at subarcsecond angular resolution using the SMA. Supplemented by a detailed excitation analysis, the average fractional abundance of H13CN in the inner wind (≲5 × 1015 cm) is estimated to be about 4 × 10-7, translating into a total HCN fractional abundance of 2 × 10-5 using the isotopic ratio 12C/13C = 50. Multitransitional single-dish observations further require the H13CN fractional abundance to remain more or less constant in the envelope out to a radius of ≈4 × 1016 cm, where the HCN molecules are effectively destroyed, most probably, by photodissociation. The large amount of HCN present in the inner wind provides effective line cooling that can dominate over that generated from CO line emission. It is also shown that great care needs to be taken in the radiative transfer modeling where nonlocal, and non-LTE, effects are important and where the radiation field from thermal dust grains plays a major role in exciting the HCN molecules. The amount of HCN present in the circumstellar envelope around IRC+10216 is consistent with predicted photospheric values based on equilibrium chemical models and indicates that any nonequilibrium chemistry occurring in the extended pulsating atmosphere has no drastic net effect on the fractional abundance of HCN molecules that enters the outer envelope. It further suggests that few HCN molecules are incorporated into dust grains.
Statistical Learning in Automated Troubleshooting: Application to LTE Interference Mitigation

This paper presents a method for automated healing as part of offline automated troubleshooting. The method combines statistical learning with constraint optimization. The automated healing aims at locally optimizing the radio-resource management (RRM) or system parameters of cells with poor performance in an iterative manner. The statistical learning processes the data using logistic regression (LR) to extract closed-form (functional) relations between key performance indicators (KPIs) and RRM parameters. These functional relations are then processed by an optimization engine that proposes new parameter values. The advantage of the proposed formulation is the small number of iterations required by the automated healing method to converge, making it suitable for offline implementation. The proposed method is applied to heal an intercell-interference-coordination (ICIC) process in a third-generation (3G) long-term evolution (LTE) network, which is based on the soft-frequency reuse scheme. Numerical simulations illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach.
The Reliability of Television Broadcasting Statistics in Soccer

The aim of this study was to determine if match statistics provided by television companies are a reliable measure of performance. Statistics for six performance indicators were collated from thirty teams over fifteen soccer matches presented by four independent broadcasting companies. Independent post-match analysis was also conducted analyzing the same six performance indicators used by the broadcasting companies. Mean percentage error was calculated for each pair (10 pairs) of observations for each of the six performance indicators. Mean percentage errors above 10% and up to 59.51% were identified between television company statistics and the independent post-match analysis within five out of the six performance indicators assessed. It is possible that different analysis techniques, analyst errors, unclear referee signals and differing operational definitions contributed to the unexpected statistical variations. The study highlights the need for universally accepted performance definitions within soccer. Due to the variability in statistics between companies and the post-match data analysis, viewers and researchers should view television company statistical data with caution and only use the data as a guide to individual, team and match performance and not as an exact measure.
Amygdalar Function Reflects Common Individual Differences in Emotion and Pain Regulation Success

Although the co-occurrence of negative affect and pain is well recognized, the mechanism underlying their association is unclear. To examine whether a common self-regulatory ability impacts the experience of both emotion and pain, we integrated neuroimaging, behavioral, and physiological measures obtained from three assessments separated by substantial temporal intervals. Our results demonstrated that individual differences in emotion regulation ability, as indexed by an objective measure of emotional state, corrugator electromyography, predicted self-reported success while regulating pain. In both emotion and pain paradigms, the amygdala reflected regulatory success. Notably, we found that greater emotion regulation success was associated with greater change of amygdalar activity following pain regulation. Furthermore, individual differences in degree of amygdalar change following emotion regulation were a strong predictor of pain regulation success, as well as of the degree of amygdalar engagement following pain regulation. These findings suggest that common individual differences in emotion and pain regulatory success are reflected in a neural structure known to contribute to appraisal processes.