Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DYSMORPHOPHOBIA WITH BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER : A CASE REPORT

This case report describes the progression of dysmorphophobic symptoms in the dimension of intensity from a normal age related concern, to primary dysmorpliophobia, to a somatic delusion during depressive and manic phases of a bipolar affective disorder. The depressive episodes were resistant to drug treatment but responded to ECTs.
Basement‐membrane thickening of the vocal cords in sudden infant death syndrome

Sudden infant death syndrome remains the leading cause of death in infants between the ages of 1 month and 1 year. Diagnosis at autopsy is usually reached by process of elimination, as no obvious cause of death is recognized. The larynges of 23 sudden infant death syndrome victims, as well as 6 infants and 3 fetuses who died of other known causes, were examined in this study. While thickening of the basement membrane of the vocal cords was apparent in all sudden infant death syndrome victims, no such finding was present in the larynges of infants and fetuses dying of other causes. Thus, it is suggested that basement‐membrane thickening may serve as a diagnostic tool for identification of sudden infant death syndrome at autopsy.
PMR6, a Pectate Lyase–Like Gene Required for Powdery Mildew Susceptibility in Arabidopsis Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.003509.

The plant genes required for the growth and reproduction of plant pathogens are largely unknown. In an effort to identify these genes, we isolated Arabidopsis mutants that do not support the normal growth of the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum. Here, we report on the cloning and characterization of one of these genes, PMR6. PMR6 encodes a pectate lyase–like protein with a novel C-terminal domain. Consistent with its predicted gene function, mutations in PMR6 alter the composition of the plant cell wall, as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. pmr6-mediated resistance requires neither salicylic acid nor the ability to perceive jasmonic acid or ethylene, indicating that the resistance mechanism does not require the activation of well-described defense pathways. Thus, pmr6 resistance represents a novel form of disease resistance based on the loss of a gene required during a compatible interaction rather than the activation of known host defense pathways.
The combination of carbon dioxide with muscle: its heat of neutralization and its dissociation curve

THE anaerobic formation of 1 g. of lactic acid in muscle is accompanied by a liberation of heat which is estimated by Meyerhof and Suranyi(l) as 380 to 390, say 385, calories. The origin of the whole of this heat is still not clear. According to these authors about 180 calories, according to Slater(2) 235 calories, are due to the formation of dilute dissolved lactic acid from hydrated glycogen, as calculated from the difference between the heats of combustion and from the heats of dilution and hydration. There remain 205 calories, or 150 calories, respectively, to be explained. Meyerhof(3,4) has found the heat of acid dissociation of muscle proteins to be very high, namely about 12,600 calories per g. molecule, so that if the whole of the lactic acid formed were neutralized by combination with the alkali protein of the muscle, there would be about 140 calories available, an amount practically sufficient to account for the remaining heat if we accept Slater's value for the heat of combustion of glycogen, some 65 calories too little if we accept Meyerhof's value. If, however, an appreciable fraction of the neutralization were at the expense of other buffers, for example K2HPO4, the heat of neutralization might be much less, namely for the fraction neutralized in this way about 1700 calories per g. molecule, i.e. 19 calories per g. of lactic acid (Meyerhof (3)). It is very necessary, therefore, to ascertain the nature of the reaction by which in fact lactic acid is neutralized in muscle. Meyerhof and Lohmann(5) by alcoholic extraction of fatigued and unfatigued muscle arrived at the result that of all the base bound by lactic acid formed in muscle only one-half to two-thirds is derived from alkali protein, the remainder originating from other sources such 1 Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation.
CFD Study of the Flow in a Radial Electrorheological Fluid Clutch

Incorporation of electrorheological (ER) fluid properties within a general, but comprehensive design procedure is initiated by the adoption of a Bingham power law constitutive law into a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. CFD results are presented for the analysis of the complex flow of an electrorheological fluid in a radial shear clutch device under the influence of electric field. In such a device the fluid is sheared between a driven (rotating) and a parallel stationary shear plate. The ER fluid is modeled using a technique which can be employed for any fluid/field characterization. It is shown that the initial flow rate induced cooling cannot be maintained when a substantial field is applied and the clutch plates continue to slip.
Energy expenditure during walking and jogging.

BACKGROUND The aim of this investigation was to compare the physiological and subjective responses during treadmill walking and jogging at several corresponding speeds in physically active young women. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Maximal oxygen uptake was determined during a continuous treadmill test to exhaustion. The walking protocol consisted of treadmill walking for five min at each of the following speeds: 4.0, 5.6, 7.2, 8.0, 8.8, 9.6 and 10.4 km.hr(-1). The jogging protocol consisted of treadmill walking for five min at 4.0, and 5.6 km.hr(-1) and treadmill jogging for five min at each of the following speeds: 7.2, 8.0, 8.8, 9.6 and 10.4 km.hr(-1). SETTING This research was performed at Washington University School of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen healthy women (mean+/-SE, age; 26.9+/-1.4 yrs, BMI; 22.5+/-0.70, VO2max; 41.9+/-1.9 ml.hr(-1). min(-1)) performed a maximal treadmill exercise test, a walking test and a jogging test. RESULTS The rate of oxygen consumption, calculated energy expenditure per distance (kJ.hr(-1). mile(-1)) and heart rates were significantly higher during walking compared to jogging at treadmill speeds > or =8.8 km.hr(-1). Plasma lactate concentration and respiratory exchange ratio were significantly higher at treadmill speeds > or =8.0 km.hr(-1) during walking as compared to jogging. Subjects subjectively rated their exertion during walking as being significantly greater when compared to jogging across the range of overlapping treadmill speeds. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that walking at speeds > or =8.0 km.hr(-1) resulted in rates of energy expenditure that were as high or higher than jogging at the same speeds. Also, the higher rates of energy expenditure during walking as compared to jogging at speeds greater than 8.0 km.hr(-1) were associated with higher heart rates, RER, RPE and plasma lactate response.
Children's social referencing reflects sensitivity to graded uncertainty

The ability to monitor epistemic uncertainty is critical for selfdirected learning. However, we still know little about young children’s ability to detect uncertainty in their mental representations. Here we asked whether a spontaneous information gathering behavior – social referencing – is driven by uncertainty during early childhood. Children ages 2-5 completed a word-learning task in which they were presented with one or two objects, heard a label, and were asked to put the labeled object in a bucket. Referential ambiguity was manipulated through the number of objects present and their familiarity. In Experiment 1, when there were two novel objects and a novel label, the referent was ambiguous; when there were two familiar objects, or only one novel or familiar object, the referent was known or could be inferred. In Experiment 2, there were either two novel objects, two familiar objects, or one familiar and one novel object; in the latter case the referent could be inferred by excluding the familiar object. To further manipulate the availability of referential cues, the experimenter gazed at either the target or the center of the table while labeling the object. In both experiments, children looked at the experimenter more often while making their response when the referent was ambiguous. In Experiment 2, children also looked at the experimenter more when there was one familiar and one novel object, but only when the experimenter’s gaze during labeling was uninformative. These results suggest that children’s social referencing is a sensitive index of graded epistemic uncertainty.
Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized in Oxygen and Water Low Pressure Discharges used as Reinforcement of Polyurethane Composites

The functionalization of multi-walled CNTs in O2/Ar and H2O/Ar low pressure capacitive discharges was studied by XPS and FT-IR. The pristine and functionalized CNTs were used as fillers in polyurethane paints. Successful plasma functionalization was confirmed by changes in atomic composition and chemical shift of XPS atomic signals. The functionalization was indicated also by the shift of IR absorption peaks corresponding to the motion of carbon skeleton, especially the peak at about 1560cm-1. The presence of carbonyl was confirmed by IR absorption peak at 1723cm-1 only for O2/Ar plasma. The plasma functionalized CNTs increased significantly the universal and plastic hardness of the CNTs reinforced polyurethane as compared to the composites with pristine CNTs.
Test result communication in primary care: a survey of current practice

Background The number of blood tests ordered in primary care continues to increase and the timely and appropriate communication of results remains essential. However, the testing and result communication process includes a number of participants in a variety of settings and is both complicated to manage and vulnerable to human error. In the UK, guidelines for the process are absent and research in this area is surprisingly scarce; so before we can begin to address potential areas of weakness there is a need to more precisely understand the strengths and weaknesses of current systems used by general practices and testing facilities. Methods We conducted a telephone survey of practices across England to determine the methods of managing the testing and result communication process. In order to gain insight into the perspectives from staff at a large hospital laboratory we conducted paired interviews with senior managers, which we used to inform a service blueprint demonstrating the interaction between practices and laboratories and identifying potential sources of delay and failure. Results Staff at 80% of practices reported that the default method for communicating normal results required patients to telephone the practice and 40% of practices required that patients also call for abnormal results. Over 80% had no fail-safe system for ensuring that results had been returned to the practice from laboratories; practices would otherwise only be aware that results were missing or delayed when patients requested results. Persistent sources of missing results were identified by laboratory staff and included sample handling, misidentification of samples and the inefficient system for collating and resending misdirected results. Conclusions The success of the current system relies on patients both to retrieve results and in so doing alert staff to missing and delayed results. Practices appear slow to adopt available technological solutions despite their potential for reducing the impact of recurring errors in the handling of samples and the reporting of results. Our findings will inform our continuing work with patients and staff to develop, implement and evaluate improvements to existing systems of managing the testing and result communication process.
Modeling transcription factor binding events to DNA using a random walker/jumper representation on a 1D/2D lattice with different affinity sites

Surviving in a diverse environment requires corresponding organism responses. At the cellular level, such adjustment relies on the transcription factors (TFs) which must rapidly find their target sequences amidst a vast amount of non-relevant sequences on DNA molecules. Whether these transcription factors locate their target sites through a 1D or 3D pathway is still a matter of speculation. It has been suggested that the optimum search time is when the protein equally shares its search time between 1D and 3D diffusions. In this paper, we study the above problem using Monte Carlo simulations by considering a simple physical model. A 1D strip, representing a DNA, with a number of low affinity sites, corresponding to non-target sites, and high affinity sites, corresponding to target sites, is considered and later extended to a 2D strip. We study the 1D and 3D exploration pathways, and combinations thereof by considering three different types of molecules: a walker that randomly walks along the strip with no dissociation; a jumper that represents dissociation and then re-association of a TF with the strip at later time at a distant site; and a hopper that is similar to the jumper but it dissociates and then re-associates at a faster rate than the jumper. We analyze the final probability distribution of molecules for each case and find that TFs can locate their targets on the experimental time scale even if they spend only 15% of their search time diffusing freely in the solution. This agrees with recent experimental results obtained by Elf et al (2007 Science 316 1191) and is in contrast to previously reported theoretical predictions. Our results also agree with the experimental evidence for the role of chaperons and proteasomes in stabilizing and destabilizing TFs binding, respectively, during the regulation process. Therefore, the results of our manuscript can provide a refined theoretical framework for the process.
Magnetorheology of submicron diameter iron microwires dispersed in silicone oil

We investigate the magnetorheological (MR) properties of suspensions containing iron microwires with 260 nm diameter and two distinct length distributions of 5.4 ± 5.2 µm and 7.6 ± 5.1 µm suspended in silicone oil (0.45 Pa s). The rheological properties of these fluids were determined using a parallel plate rheometer equipped with a variable strength electromagnet. The shear stress was measured as a function of shear rate for increasing applied magnetic fields. These results were modeled using the Bingham-plastic constitutive model to determine the apparent yield stress and viscosity as a function of increasing volume fraction and length of microwires. At a saturated magnetic flux density, the yield stress using the 5.4 µm microwires was found to be 0.65, 2.23, and 4.76 kPa for the 2, 4, and 6 vol% suspensions, respectively. For the 7.6 µm wires, the yield stress increases to 8.2 kPa for the 6 vol% suspension. Compared with conventional MR fluids employing spherical particles, the degree of settling is markedly decreased in the microwire-based fluids. At 6 vol%, conventional fluids display appreciable settling whereas the microwire-based fluids display no discernable settling. Moreover, the rod-shaped microwires are shown to increase the yield stress of the fluids and enhance the MR performance.
A SINE in the genome of the cephalochordate amphioxus is an Alu element

Transposable elements of about 300 bp, termed “short interspersed nucleotide elements or SINEs are common in eukaryotes. However, Alu elements, SINEs containing restriction sites for the AluI enzyme, have been known only from primates. Here I report the first SINE found in the genome of the cephalochordate, amphioxus. It is an Alu element of 375 bp that does not share substantial identity with any genomic sequences in vertebrates. It was identified because it was located in the FoxD regulatory region in a cosmid derived from one individual, but absent from the two FoxD alleles of BACs from a second individual. However, searches of sequences of BACs and genomic traces from this second individual gave an estimate of 50-100 copies in the amphioxus genome. The finding of an Alu element in amphioxus raises the question of whether Alu elements in amphioxus and primates arose by convergent evolution or by inheritance from a common ancestor. Genome-wide analyses of transposable elements in amphioxus and other chordates such as tunicates, agnathans and cartilaginous fishes could well provide the answer.
Mutant Rab7 Causes the Accumulation of Cathepsin D and Cation-independent Mannose 6–Phosphate Receptor in an Early Endocytic Compartment

Stable BHK cell lines inducibly expressing wild-type or dominant negative mutant forms of the rab7 GTPase were isolated and used to analyze the role of a rab7-regulated pathway in lysosome biogenesis. Expression of mutant rab7N125I protein induced a dramatic redistribution of cation-independent mannose 6–phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) from its normal perinuclear localization to large peripheral endosomes. Under these circumstances ∼50% of the total receptor and several lysosomal hydrolases cofractionated with light membranes containing early endosome and Golgi markers. Late endosomes and lysosomes were contained exclusively in well-separated, denser gradient fractions. Newly synthesized CI-MPR and cathepsin D were shown to traverse through an early endocytic compartment, and functional rab7 was crucial for delivery to later compartments. This observation was evidenced by the fact that 2 h after synthesis, both markers were more prevalent in fractions containing light membranes. In addition, both were sensitive to HRP-DAB– mediated cross-linking of early endosomal proteins, and the late endosomal processing of cathepsin D was impaired. Using similar criteria, the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein 120 was not found accumulated in an early endocytic compartment. The data are indicative of a post-Golgi divergence in the routes followed by different lysosome-directed molecules.
Febrile urinary tract infections in children.

Approximately 7 to 8% of girls and 2% of boys have a UTI during the first 8 years of life. Not all UTIs involve the kidney, but acute pyelonephritis is one of the most common serious bacterial infections in children. This review summarizes diverse views on this topic.
Change of the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Mortar Due to Damage by Freeze Thaw Cycles

This paper presents the experimental methods and findings in obtaining the strain behavior of mortar during freezing and thawing cycles (FTC) at the meso-scale under fully saturated condition and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and elastic modulus of mortar after FTC tests. A heat-cool cycle test comparing an oven-dried and undried mortar was also performed prior to the FTC test, confirming that oven drying at 105°C does not affect the CTE of samples, thereby ensuring the reliability of the results. During FTC with constant moisture content, a limitation in the increase in tensile strain was observed and this tensile strain decreased until contraction was observed. The contraction is attributed to the removal of gel pore water arising from negative pressures. Due primarily to the absence of available water supply, the displaced pore water cannot be refilled, which results in contraction at the end of the FTC. More importantly, the results show that after FTC, the CTE of frost damaged mortar increases while its elastic modulus decreases, primarily owing to microcracking when frost damage sets in. Microcracks act as broken bridges that can detach the aggregate from the hardened cement paste and in effect reduces the thermal restraints that each part (fine aggregate and cement paste) exerts on the other. The hardened cement paste can then expand/contract more freely under temperature variation, and thus can significantly affect (increase) the CTE of the whole composite (mortar). Further, stress transfer in the material is prevented due to microcracking resulting in elastic modulus reduction.
Personality-dependent dispersal in the invasive mosquitofish: group composition matters

Understanding/predicting ecological invasions is an important challenge in modern ecology because of their immense economical and ecological costs. Recent studies have revealed that within-species variation in behaviour (i.e. animal personality) can shed light on the invasion process. The general hypothesis is that individuals' personality type may affect their colonization success, suggesting that some individuals might be better invaders than others. We have recently shown that, in the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), social personality trait was an important indicator of dispersal distance, with more asocial individuals dispersing further. Here, we tested how mean personality within a population, in addition to individual personality type, affect dispersal and settlement decisions in the mosquitofish. We found that individual dispersal tendencies were influenced by the population's mean boldness and sociability score. For example, individuals from populations with more asocial individuals or with more bold individuals are more likely to disperse regardless of their own personality type. We suggest that identifying behavioural traits facilitating invasions, even at the group level, can thus have direct applications in pest management.
Death and gratitude: Death reflection enhances gratitude

Although gratitude is important to the good life, little is known about factors that enhance gratitude. Some have suggested that traumatic events such as near-death experiences and life-threatening illnesses might enhance gratitude. If reflecting on death causes one to appreciate life as a limited resource, this might enhance gratitude. This study investigated this theory. Participants were randomly assigned to a death reflection condition, a traditional mortality salience condition, or to a control condition. Participants in the death reflection and the mortality salience conditions showed enhanced gratitude compared to individuals in the control condition, supporting the theory that becoming aware of one's mortal limitations enhances gratitude for the life that what one has.
Security and Privacy in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Survey of Surveys

The following is a survey on surveys and may help the interested reader to find a way through the jungle of literature on the security and CPS topics out there already. In order to ease the search, the authors have provided a classification in CPS Domains, Attacks, Defenses, Research-trends, Network-security, Security level implementation, and Computational Strategies which makes this survey a unique and I believe very helpful article. —Jörg Henkel, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the major subunit of CS3 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

The complete nucleotide sequence of a 612-base-pair DNA fragment containing the gene for the major fimbrial subunit of CS3 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is presented. A possible promoter region, a ribosome-binding site, and two potential signal peptidase cleavage sites are indicated. Unlike the best-studied fimbrial proteins, the predicted CS3 sequence has no Cys residues.