Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BMP-4 and BMP-6 Involvement in the Osteogenic Properties of the HeLa Cell Line

The heterotopically induced ossicles are used in our research on bone tissue. The ossicles are formed in the thigh muscle of BALB/c mice under the influence of injected suspension of 3 × 106 HeLa cells. We postulate that the mechanism of bone induction is based on the secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-4 and BMP-6 by the grafted HeLa cells. This was proved by the use of specific immunohistochemical reaction and Western blots of conditioned culture medium. It seems that HeLa cells secrete BMPs continuously into the culture medium, even without contact with the mice muscle tissue, were induction of bone tissue is observed.
Q fever diagnosis in domestic ruminants

Q fever is an important zoonotic disease caused by infection with the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories, including the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) in England and Wales, have traditionally relied on the complement fixation test (CFT) for serological diagnosis. However, Q fever has assumed greater significance in recent years following several large human outbreaks linked to exposure to infected ruminants and it is essential that more reliable tests are introduced to detect the presence of C. burnetii infection in animals. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the performance of 3 commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of antibodies to C. burnetii and to compare the findings with the CFT using a sample panel of 548 sera from sheep, goats, and cattle, including animals of known disease status. The statistical analysis using TAGS (test accuracy in the absence of a gold standard) software and receiver operating characteristic techniques demonstrated that the 3 ELISAs all showed improved sensitivity over the CFT. The test based on ovine antigen demonstrated the best overall performance and therefore, the VLA has adopted this test for routine use.
Legislative Victory, Electoral Uncertainty: Explaining Outcomes in the Battles over Lesbian and Gay Civil Rights

Previous studies indicate that in cases of relatively low issue salience, the interest group model best explains lesbian and gay antidiscrimination policy in the American states. The analysis of state and local public policy prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation concludes that for cases of high issue salience, the morality politics model best describes outcomes. The interest group politics model is used here in a case study of Wisconsin's passage of a comprehensive antidiscrimination policy, while the morality politics model is used to investigate the electoral outcomes of anti-gay ballot initiatives in several states. The results of this analysis conform with prior research-when lesbian and gay issues are not salient, the interest group politics model best explains resulting policy, however, under salient conditions, the morality politics model best describes outcomes. Finally, the implications of this research for social scientists and activists are discussed. Copyright 2003 by The Policy Studies Organization.
Team Productivity and Individual Member Competence

This report provides a framework for examining in detail what we know and what we do not know about how the distribution of available individual capabilities on a team, the distribution of role assignments, and the organization of the parallel distributions of roles and individual capabilities contribute to team productivity. A list of classes of variables that may affect team productivity is reviewed along with the available correlational evidence. Then a more complex model, linking the classes of variables on the list, is discussed. This model describes what is logical to expect. Finally, the empirical evidence is presented to support the model’s linkages, along with suggestions and implications for immediate applications as well as more basic research requirements.
On the space complexity of randomized synchronization

The "wait-free hierarchy" provides a classification of multiprocessor synchronization primitives based on the values of n for which there are deterministic wait-free implementations of n-process consensus using instances of these objects and read-write registers. In a randomized wait-free setting, this classification is degenerate, since n-process consensus can be solved using only O(n) read-write registers. In this paper, we propose a classification of synchronization primitives based on the space complexity of randomized solutions to n-process consensus. A historyless object, such as a read-write register, a swap register, or a test&set register, is an object whose state depends only on the last nontrivial operation that was applied to it. We show that, using historyless objects, V(=n) object instances are necessary to solve n-process consensus. This lower bound holds even if the objects have unbounded size and the termination requirement is nondeterministic solo termination, a property strictly weaker than randomized wait-freedom.
Working with rules: lived democracy in school

This study focuses on an attempt by a Swedish secondary school teacher to fashion a more participatory education situation by involving his students in deciding the rules for their group work. Five group sessions were video recorded and examined using a conversation–analytic approach. The findings show a complex interplay between democratic and undemocratic elements in the interaction between the teacher and the students, as well as among the students themselves. Throughout the material, the students often reconnected to the democratic discourse of the teacher and employed it for various purposes. This also meant that the students’ work with the assignment was sometimes set aside. However, because it can be assumed that the students pick up new democratic competencies as they partake in the sessions, the teacher's participatory agenda can still be defended. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research.
The Dynamics of Gender Hegemony: Femininities, Masculinities and Social Change

In this article theories of gender hegemony are utilized to assess how changing norms impact upon the binary construction of gender. Transformed gender ideals have materialized in the figure of the ‘empowered’ and autonomous yet reassuringly feminine woman. Despite the assimilation of key attributes associated with masculinity this particular expression of idealized femininity does not necessarily rework dominant perceptions of gender difference and their organization into a relation of hierarchical complementarity. Through the review of key empirical studies which have examined identity work undertaken by young women and young men as they negotiate idealized gender norms, this article examines how hegemonic relations are reproduced alongside the production of plural femininities and masculinities. This analysis is discussed in relation to changes associated with a move from a private to a public gender regime, a perceived feminization of the public sphere, and the complication of contradictory gender ideals.
Lack of cross-reactivity between rofecoxib and aspirin in aspirin-sensitive patients with asthma.

BACKGROUND Patients with aspirin-sensitive respiratory disease experience cross-reactions to all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes. With the introduction of antiarthritis drugs, which selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2, questions are raised as to whether cross-reactivity occurs between aspirin and these new cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine whether rofecoxib cross-reacts in aspirin-sensitive patients with asthma. METHODS Sixty patients with asthma underwent doubleblinded, placebo-controlled oral challenges with rofecoxib (12.5 mg, 25 mg, and 2 placebos) over 48 hours in our General Clinical Research Center. The next day, aspirin sensitivity was proven in each of the 60 patients through use of single-blinded oral aspirin challenges. RESULTS None of the 60 patients experienced any symptoms, changes in nasal examination findings, or declines in FEV(1) values during their challenges with rofecoxib. All 60 patients experienced typical naso-ocular and asthmatic reactions to aspirin with a mean provoking dose of 61 mg. The exact 1-sided CI for the probability of rofecoxib inducing crossreactions in aspirin-sensitive patients with asthma is calculated to be between 0% and 0.05%. CONCLUSION Given that none of the 60 patients reacted to rofecoxib and given the statistical power of this large sample size, we conclude that cross-reactivity between aspirin and rofecoxib does not occur in patients with aspirin-sensitive respiratory disease. This does not exclude rofecoxib from participating in other types of reactions, including immune recognition after prior treatment with the drug. From the standpoint of the mechanisms involved in aspirin-induced respiratory reactions, this study strongly supports inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 as the essential initiator of these types of reactions.
How Important is Location in Saliency Detection

Current saliency detection methods mainly work on exploring the potential of low-level and high-level visual features, such as color, texture and face, but treat location information as a weak assistance or completely ignore it. In this paper, we reveal the importance of location information in saliency detection. We analyze the largest public image dataset for saliency detection THUS10000, and and the relationship between content location and saliency distribution. To further validate the effect of location information, we propose two location based saliency detection approaches, location based Gaussian distribution and location based saliency propagation, which make use of no or weak assistance of image content. Experimental results show that location based saliency detection can obtain much better performance than random selection, even better than most state-of-the-art saliency detection methods.
Structural integrity versus radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive and inflammatory disease often leading to irreversible destruction of articular structures and consequent disability. The key steps of RA pathogenetic mechanisms are the break of immune tolerance and the production of autoantibodies, followed by systemic and local inflammation resulting in damage of both subchondral bone (erosion) and cartilage (joint space narrowing (JSN)). Evidences from clinical trials suggest that erosions and JSN are the result of inter-related but partly independent pathogenetic pathways, in both cases mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, even if a direct effect of cyclic citrullinated peptides (anticitrullinated protein antibodies, ACPAs) on bone damage had been postulated. As a consequence, the suppression of inflammation provided by synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs results in a decreased progression of bone and cartilage damage, supporting the effectiveness of the treat-to-target strategy. Nevertheless, radiographic progression may also be detected in patients achieving a sustained clinical remission. Two main reasons for this apparent uncoupling between clinical synovitis and damage progression should be considered. First, in some cases, the use of composite indices to define remission may not be completely adequate to identify residual disease activity, requiring the concomitant introduction of more sensible tools such as imaging. Second, the direct effect of biological drugs on bone destruction inducers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, may explain the suppression of radiographic progression despite the persistence of clinical synovitis. In this review, we discuss the link between autoimmunity, inflammation, joint damage and disability, focusing on how radiographic progression may predict functional disability.
OPEN JUSTICE OR OPEN SEASON? DEVELOPMENTS IN JUDICIAL ENGAGEMENT WITH NEW MEDIA

The principle of open justice underpins the trial procedures of common law systems but is subject to exceptions, including name suppression orders that in the main seek to ensure trials are fair. A degree of tension between the judiciary and the media is inevitable when publication of information is prohibited or postponed, but a relationship of interdependence tends to subsist between the courts and traditional media. The emergence of new media has disrupted the status quo, challenging both the traditional media's unique news publication capacity and the courts' practical ability to suppress information. This article focuses on the potential for juries being adversely influenced by digital information extraneous to the trial process, and is structured as follows: relevant principles are identified; the relationship between traditional media and the courts, and impact of new media are then outlined; responses to the challenges presented by new media follows, and conclusions are drawn. The article draws on Australasian precedent, in particular, recent developments in New Zealand case law and legislation relating to information suppression.
Astrophysical parameters of Galactic open clusters

We present a catalogue of astrophysical data for 520 Galactic open clusters. These are the clusters for which at least three most probable members (18 on average) could be identified in the ASCC-2.5, a catalogue of stars based on the Tycho-2 observations from the Hipparcos mission. We applied homogeneous methods and algorithms to determine angular sizes of cluster cores and coronae, heliocentric distances, mean proper motions, mean radial velocities, and ages. For the first time we derive distances for 200 clusters, radial velocities for 94 clusters, and ages of 196 clusters. This homogeneous new parameter set is compared with earlier determinations, where we find, in particular, that the angular sizes were systematically underestimated in the literature.
Managers, hierarchies and perceptions: a study of UK managers

Redundancy, delayering, downsizing and various other forms of organisational change, often accompanied by the managerial fad of the moment, have become increasingly prevalent over the last ten years. This paper is based on the results of a four‐year University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST)‐Chartered Management Institute (CMI) research programme (the Quality of Working Life Project) that was designed to explore the changing nature of managerial work in the UK and also to assess the impact of different forms of organisational change on managers’ perceptions of the organisations they work within. The analysis reported here indicates clearly that some forms of change (notably redundancy and delayering) have had particularly damaging effects on managers’ experiences in the workplace and ultimately on their behaviours within and beyond their organisations. The objectives of this paper are, first, to paint a picture of recent organisational change in the UK based on the responses of members of the CMI, second, to explore how change has affected managers’ perceptions of their organisations and their working lives and, third, to explore if different forms of change (particularly redundancy and delayering) have had a differential impact on managers’ perceptions of their organisations “as a place to work”.
Winning is Not Enough: The Effects of Competition and Achievement Orientation on Intrinsic Interest

Subjects were assigned to competition or no-competition groups. Competition subjects received information about their rival (establishing an expectancy for success or failure) or did not. Competition enhanced intrinsic interest for achievement-oriented individuals but undermined it for low achiever. The effects of competition also depended on the availability and valence of opponent information. An expectancy increased interest for high achievers but lowered it for low achier. Path models clarified the motivational processes mediating these effects. Both the personality characteristics of competing individuals and information about their opponents seem critical in determining intrinsic interest in this interpersonal competitive context.
The career life of academics: Boundaried or boundaryless?

The existence of tenure exerts opposing forces on the careers of academics. Ideally, tenure ensures academic freedom and individual autonomy. Yet tenure also regiments the lives of those on the tenure-track and often creates inertia for individuals once receiving it. Consequently, academic careers can be characterized as either boundaried or boundaryless, depending on the individual. This article develops a typology of four academic career types that identifies what differentiates tenure-track individuals who perceive themselves as having either boundaried or boundaryless careers in academia. The typology was developed using interview data from business school faculty, and then confirmed using qualitative data including faculty from multiple academic departments and disciplines. Finally, the typology makes its contribution to career theory by considering the additional impact of career stage theory for academics.
Judgments of Responsibility: A Foundation for a Theory of Social Conduct

1. The Anatomy of Responsibility 2. Responsibility and Achievement Evaluation 3. Responsibility and Stigmatization 4. AIDS and Stigmatization 5. Responsibility, Stigmatization, Mental Illness, and the Family 6. Helping Behavior 7. Aggression 8. Reducing Inferences of Responsibility: Excuses and Confession 9. On the Construction of Psychological Theory and Other Issues
Generalized discriminative feature transformation for speech recognition

We propose a new algorithm called Generalized Discriminative Feature Transformation (GDFT) for acoustic models in speech recognition. GDFT is based on Lagrange relaxation on a transformed optimization problem. We show that the existing discriminative feature transformation methods like feature space MMI/MPE (fMMI/MPE), region dependent linear transformation (RDLT), and a non-discriminative feature transformation, constrained maximum likelihood linear regression (CMLLR) are special cases of GDFT. We evaluate the performance of GDFT for Iraqi large vocabulary continuous speech recognition.
Agonist and antagonist activity of low efficacy D2 dopamine receptor agonists in rats discriminating d‐amphetamine from saline

The ability of the low efficacy D2 agonists preclamol and SDZ 208–911 to both antagonise, and substitute for, the d-amphetamine discriminative cue was investigated in rats trained to discriminate d-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) from saline. All doses of preclamol (2.0–16.0 mg/kg) and SDZ 208–911 (0.125–1.0 mg/kg) only partially antagonised d-amphetamine discrimination. In contrast, the lower efficacy D2 agonist SDZ 208–912 completely blocked the cueing properties of d-amphetamine. Preclamol (4.0 and 16.0 mg/kg) and SDZ 208–911 (1.0 mg/kg) also partially substituted for d-amphetamine. In an additional study, the former drug enhanced the discriminative effects of a low dose of d-amphetamine (0.125 mg/kg), whilst antagonising the effects of the training dose. Preclamol also partially antagonised the ability of the selective D2 agonist quinpirole (0.125 mg/kg) to substitute for d-amphetamine. In contrast to the drug discrimination Findings, preclamol completely antagonised the loco-motor hyperactivity induced by acute d-amphetamine, in animals which had received the same long-term d-amphetamine treatment as the drug discrimination rats. The present findings reveal that preclamol and SDZ 208–911 can exert both agonist and antagonist activity in animals trained to discriminate d-amphetamine from saline. This partial agonist profile is probably due to the low efficacy D2 agonists interacting with a postsynaptic D2 receptor population possessing a higher response capability than those D2 receptors mediating d-amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity.
DOWEC CONCEPT STUDY; EVALUATION OF WIND TURBINE CONCEPTS FOR LARGE SCALE OFFSHORE APPLICATION

The economics of offshore wind energy may probably be improved by application of very large wind turbines in large wind farms. However a gradual upscale of an existing wind turbine design towards 5 or 6 MW is not as straightforward as it may seem. The goal of the Dutch Offshore Wind Energy Converter (DOWEC) Concept Study is to make an inventory of all wind turbine concepts in order to select the most optimal concept for a 5 to 6 MW offshore wind turbine. In the first phase the DOWEC Concept Study aims at the choice of the optimal wind turbine concept. The wind turbine will not be treated as an isolated system. Designs of different wind turbine concepts will be evaluated as an integral part of the complete large-scale offshore wind farm. All significant properties like the structural loads, the power performance, the system reliability, the costs of the electric infrastructure, maintenance costs and installation costs will be determined for the optimised designs. A quantitative ranking will then be made based on the cost of generated energy. Furthermore qualitative criteria like development risk and market potential will be taken into consideration when finalising the choice of concept. The DOWEC concept study serves as a first design phase. The overall DOWEC development comprises of the design, the construction and the prototype testing. Marine testing of the 5 to 6 MW turbine is planned in 2008. Onshore testing of a 3 MW research and development prototype is scheduled for the end of 2001. This paper describes the approach and the current achievements of the project.
Hegemonic Enterprises and Instrumentalities of Survival: Ethnicity and Democracy in Kenya

The concept of “social change” is more than a mere umbrella for several parallel, probably somewhat related, changes in diverse aspects of social life; it also denotes the systematic transformation of a particular society. But at what level do we set “society”? It was much easier as late as the 1940s, to speak of local social systems like those of Asante or the Luo as being societies [rather] than whole colonies like the Gold Coast or Kenya. (Peel 1984 :142)
Genetic variation of the APOE promoter and outcome after head injury

The APOE-ε4 allele is associated with risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and poorer outcome after head injury. Several studies show that polymorphisms in the promoter that influence APOE expression also increase risk for AD. The authors’ data from a study of 92 patients are consistent with a possible influence of the G-219T promoter polymorphism on outcome after head injury. The group with unfavorable outcome had a genotype frequency distribution similar to that found in AD.
Reading Manga: Patterns of Personal Literacies Among Adolescents

Sales of manga or Japanese comics dominate the publishing market in Japan. Manga cater for a wide variety of readers, ranging from children’s comics to adult pornography. In this paper, we focus on adolescent readers and describe patterns of learning to read manga. The findings demonstrate the importance of belonging to a community of readers since this community enables readers to share ideas and provides a resource for developing reading skills. These skills are self-taught, developed outside the classroom, since the reading of manga is generally frowned upon in most schools. Being aware of how actively adolescents read manga as well as of the kinds of skills needed to understand these texts would provide teachers with a deeper understanding of their students’ reading skills.