Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Plaster, Digital and Reconstructed Study Model Accuracy

Objectives To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of a three-dimensional (3D) optical laser-scanning device to record the surface detail of plaster study models. To determine the accuracy of physical model replicas constructed from the 3D digital files. Design and setting A method comparison study using 30 dental study models held in the Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University. Materials and methods Each model was captured three-dimensionally, using a commercially available Minolta VIVID 900 non-contact 3D surface laser scanner (Konica Minolta Inc., Tokyo, Japan), a rotary stage and Easy3DScan integrating software (TowerGraphics, Lucca, Italy). Linear measurements were recorded between landmarks, directly on each of the plaster models and indirectly on the 3D digital surface models, on two separate occasions by a single examiner. Physical replicas of two digital models were also reconstructed from their scanned data files, using a rapid prototyping (RP) manufacturing process, and directly evaluated for dimensional accuracy. Results The mean difference between measurements made directly on the plaster models and those made on the 3D digital surface models was 0.14 mm, and was not statistically significant (P = 0.237). The mean difference between measurements made on both the plaster and virtual models and those on the RP models, in the z plane was highly statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusions The Minolta VIVID 900 digitizer is a reliable device for capturing the surface detail of plaster study models three-dimensionally in a digital format but physical models of appropriate detail and accuracy cannot be reproduced from scanned data using the RP technique described.
PrfA mediates specific binding of RNA polymerase of Listeria monocytogenes to PrfA‐dependent virulence gene promoters resulting in a transcriptionally active complex

There is accumulating evidence that the coordinate transcription of the virulence genes in Listeria monocytogenes constitutes a very complex regulation mechanism which might require other factors in addition to PrfA. We previously described an unknown proteinaceous component from crude bacterial cell extracts, which, together with PrfA, formed a specific complex (CI) in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) with an hly promoter probe. Here we identify the RNA polymerase (RNAP) of L. monocytogenes as an essential component of the CI complex. Addition of purified RNAP plus PrfA to the hly promoter probe allowed reconstitution of a complex migrating at the same height as CI. By using EMSA and DNaseI footprint experiments it could be shown that PrfA leads to an enhanced and specific binding of RNAP. Transcriptional activity of RNAP in vitro, using the actA promoter, was strictly dependent on PrfA.
Collective learning in schools: exploring the perceptions of leadership trainees

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore leadership trainees’ perceptions of determinants of collective learning in school settings and of the principal's role in collective learning.Design/methodology/approach – In total, 24 interviews were conducted with all leadership trainees in a university‐based principal preparatory program. Data analysis inductively generated themes that were grounded in the various perspectives articulated by leadership trainees.Findings – Leadership trainees pointed out three main difficulties facing collective learning: time and place; staff reaction to collective learning; and acceptance atmosphere. Trainees listed four main roles that principals have in shaping the collective learning process: administrator; team leader; collaborator; and visionary.Research limitations/implications – The findings call for ongoing research on the connection between leadership trainees’ conceptualizations of collective learning and their practical capabilities to initiate these learnin.
Socially organized role-taking: becoming an auction player.

Abstract Symbolic interaction theory often guides leisure research, and social interaction is touted as constitutive of the recreative experience. Absent from our literature is information about how social roles, which are the social mechanism for organizing interaction, develop in play. To build grounded theory about personal experience in freely chosen pursuits, a naturalistic investigation of personal goods auctions was conducted using participant observation methodology. The first analysis concluded that auction settings could be characterized as adult play‐worlds. One finding was that adults developed player roles to engage in auctions. In this new analysis, auction data were studied to learn how people become players at auctions. Three aspects of experience are discussed as findings relevant to role‐taking: the leisure experience as a developmental process; role forms taken in the transformation of people into players; and the role‐learning process. Findings suggest that play roles are personally co.
Characterization of mucus‐associated proteins from abalone (Haliotis) – candidates for chemical signaling

Living in groups is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. For free‐spawning aquatic animals, such as the abalone (Haliotis), being in the close proximity to potential mating partners enhances reproductive success. In this study, we investigated whether chemical cues could be present in abalone mucus that enable species‐specific aggregation. A comparative MS analysis of mucus obtained from trailing or fixed stationary Haliotis asinina, and from seawater surrounding aggregations, indicated that water‐soluble biomolecules are present and that these can stimulate sensory activity in conspecifics. Purified extracts of trail mucus contain at least three small proteins [termed H. asinina mucus‐associated proteins (Has‐MAPs)‐1–3], which readily diffuse into the surrounding seawater and evoke a robust cephalic tentacle response in conspecifics. Mature Has‐MAP‐1 is approximately 9.9 kDa in size, and has a glycine‐rich N‐terminal region. Has‐MAP‐2 is approximately 6.2 kDa in size, and has similarities to schistosomin, a protein that is known to play a role in mollusc reproduction. The mature Has‐MAP‐3 is approximately 12.5 kDa in size, and could only be identified within trail mucus of animals outside of the reproductive season. All three Has‐MAP genes are expressed at high levels within secretory cells of the juvenile abalone posterior pedal gland, consistent with a role in scent marking. We infer from these results that abalone mucus‐associated proteins are candidate chemical cues that could provide informational cues to conspecifics living in close proximity and, given their apparent stability and hydrophilicity, animals further afield.
Effects of Electroacupuncture on Intraoperative and Postoperative Analgesic Requirement

Acupuncture has been shown to be effective in experimental and clinical acute pain settings. This study aims to evaluate the effect of preoperative electroacupuncture (EA) on intraoperative and postoperative analgesic (alfentanil and morphine) requirement in patients scheduled for gynaecologic lower abdominal surgery. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group I (control group) –received placebo EA for 45 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia (GA); Group II –preoperative EA instituted 45 minutes before induction of GA; Group III – 45 minutes of postoperative EA. The Bispectral Index monitor was used intraoperatively to monitor the hypnotic effect of anaesthetic drugs, and alfentanil was titrated to maintain the blood pressure and pulse rate within ±15% of basal values. Postoperative pain was managed by intravenous morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device. Patients in Group II (0.44 ± 0.15μg/kg/min) received less alfentanil than those in Group III (0.58 ± 0.22μg/kg/min) (p=0.024), but not significantly less than those in Group I (0.51 ± 0.21μg/kg/min) (p=0.472). Postoperative morphine consumption was numerically lower in Group II compared with the other groups; however, the difference was statistically significant only during the period of 6–12 hours between Group II [0.03 (0.05) mg/kg] and Group I [0.10 (0.11) mg/kg] (p=0.015), and Group II and Group III [0.08 (0.10) mg/kg] (p=0.010). The 24-hour cumulative morphine consumption for Group II (0.52 ± 0.19mg/kg) was less than that for either Group I (0.68 ± 0.38mg/kg) or Group III (0.58 ± 0.27mg/kg), but the difference did not reach significance. In conclusion, preoperative EA leads to a reduced intraoperative alfentanil consumption, though this effect may not be specific, and has a morphine sparing effect during the early postoperative period.
The significance of human–animal relationships as modulators of trauma effects in children: a developmental neurobiological perspective

Emotional stress and trauma impacts the neurobiology of children. They are especially vulnerable given the developmental plasticity of the brain. The neural synaptic circular processes between the anterior cingulated cortex, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and the hypothalamus are altered. Trauma results in the release of the peptide glucocortisoid, or cortisol leading to an ongoing over‐arousal of the anatomic nervous system. Kindling (sensitivity) of the brain, a result of stress, ironically makes the brain more receptive to attunement and enriched environments. Attunement with others as well as enriched environments is prophylactic, contributing to resilience and normal brain development. Animals are often attachment objects for children. Touch, proximity and mind–body interaction with animals have been found to contribute to stress reduction and trauma recovery. Future interdisciplinary exploration of the use of equine–human relationships as a preferred way of treating traumatised children should consider neural responses.
Exploring reciprocity through the lens of the psychological contract: Employee and employer perspectives

This article explores reciprocity within the exchange relationship between the employee and employer using the psychological contract framework. Specifically, we examine the bi-directionality of the norm of reciprocity. We hypothesize that there will be a positive relationship between perceived employer obligations, fulfilment of obligations, and employee obligations and fulfilment. In addition, we hypothesize that employee fulfilment of obligations will be positively associated with perceived employer obligations. Using a longitudinal survey of 1400 public sector employees and 84 managers, our findings suggest that there is broad agreement between the two parties regarding the norm of reciprocity that governs the relationship. We found that perceived employer obligations at time 1 is positively associated with employees' fulfilment of obligations at time 2 and perceived employer fulfilment of obligations at time 1 is positively related to employee obligations and fulfilment of obligations at time 2. Furthermore, we found that employee fulfilment of obligations at time 1 is positively associated with perceived employer obligations at time 2. Overall, these findings provide initial empirical support for the norm of reciprocity in exchange relationships from both the perspective of employees as well as managers, as employer representatives.
Efficient pose tracking on mobile phones with 3D points grouping

With the rapid growth of computational capability and popularity of mobile phones, Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) in large scale 3D scenes becomes an emerging field in recent years. The core of MAR is to continuously compute a precise 6 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) camera pose for each frame, i.e. localization. However, as a crucial part of localization, the 2D-3D points matching is usually inefficient due to the usage of traditional features, e.g. SIFT, and the large number of 3D points candidates. This paper aims to tackle this problem by designing an efficient 6DOF pose tracking system on mobile phone. In this system, binary features are used in both offline sparse reconstruction and online tracking, while a PCA-based 3D points partition method is proposed to reduce the searching space of 2D-3D points matching, making it capable to achieve a low computational cost. Experiments on a NOKIA N900 smartphone show that our system could efficiently and robustly estimate the 6DOF camera pose.
PP2A-Twins Is Antagonized by Greatwall and Collaborates with Polo for Cell Cycle Progression and Centrosome Attachment to Nuclei in Drosophila Embryos

Cell division and development are regulated by networks of kinases and phosphatases. In early Drosophila embryogenesis, 13 rapid nuclear divisions take place in a syncytium, requiring fine coordination between cell cycle regulators. The Polo kinase is a conserved, crucial regulator of M-phase. We have recently reported an antagonism between Polo and Greatwall (Gwl), another mitotic kinase, in Drosophila embryos. However, the nature of the pathways linking them remained elusive. We have conducted a comprehensive screen for additional genes functioning with polo and gwl. We uncovered a strong interdependence between Polo and Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) with its B-type subunit Twins (Tws). Reducing the maternal contribution of Polo and PP2A-Tws together is embryonic lethal. We found that Polo and PP2A-Tws collaborate to ensure centrosome attachment to nuclei. While a reduction in Polo activity leads to centrosome detachments observable mostly around prophase, a reduction in PP2A-Tws activity leads to centrosome detachments at mitotic exit, and a reduction in both Polo and PP2A-Tws enhances the frequency of detachments at all stages. Moreover, we show that Gwl antagonizes PP2A-Tws function in both meiosis and mitosis. Our study highlights how proper coordination of mitotic entry and exit is required during embryonic cell cycles and defines important roles for Polo and the Gwl-PP2A-Tws pathway in this process.
Beyond Power Calculations

Statistical power analysis provides the conventional approach to assess error rates when designing a research study. However, power analysis is flawed in that a narrow emphasis on statistical significance is placed as the primary focus of study design. In noisy, small-sample settings, statistically significant results can often be misleading. To help researchers address this problem in the context of their own studies, we recommend design calculations in which (a) the probability of an estimate being in the wrong direction (Type S [sign] error) and (b) the factor by which the magnitude of an effect might be overestimated (Type M [magnitude] error or exaggeration ratio) are estimated. We illustrate with examples from recent published research and discuss the largest challenge in a design calculation: coming up with reasonable estimates of plausible effect sizes based on external information.
Measuring Singing Voice Development in the Elementary General Music Classroom

The primary goal of this study was to examine the reliability of Rutkowski's Singing Voice Development Measure for use in the general music classroom, Grades 1-6. Results indicated that the rating scale, although originally designed for young children, is reliable for use when children in Grades 1-5 perform a short major song in solo. Results from ancillary problems indicate that (a) elementary children may have a better use of their singing voice when performing a major song than a minor song, and (b) a large portion of the children sampled did not have full use of their singing voice.
Emergency contraceptive knowledge and practice among unmarried women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria.

BACKGROUND With a high incidence of unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortion especially among unmarried women in developing countries, there is need to promote emergency contraception (EC). OBJECTIVE To assess the unmarried women's knowledge, attitude and practice of EC. METHODS A random sample of a cross-section of 594 unmarried women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria, was surveyed with questionnaire between January and April 2004. RESULTS Of the 1,160 unmarried women interviewed initially, 51% had heard of EC. One hundred (16.9%) knew the correct meaning of EC and these were mainly those with higher educational qualification, previous unwanted pregnancy, or had used modern contraception (p<0.05). Other respondents mentioned vaginal douching, application of traditional remedies to the vagina as effective emergency contraceptives. Although sixty percent (n=354) of respondents had used regular modern contraception, only 20% (n=119) had ever used EC. Few respondents knew correctly how EC function and the recommended timeframe for use. The two most common sources of information about EC were mass media (49.2%) and friends (28.8%). Seventy three percent (n=87) of emergency contraceptive users had some difficulties obtaining EC due to non-availability (n=42), attitude of health service providers to unmarried women demanding contraception (n=28) and cost (n=17). The attitude of the health service providers may have accounted for the dearth of information on EC even among users. Sixty-seven percent of respondents favored the use of EC by unmarried women. Opposition to the use of EC by unmarried women is because ofbeliefthat it has some health effect (n=72), induces abortion (n=80) and for religious reasons (n=42). CONCLUSION Provision of appropriate information and access to EC, better service providers' attitude towards unmarried women is advocated.
Expansion and social selection in education in England and Scotland

This paper examines trends in social class inequalities in young people’s educational attainment and HE entry between the mid‐1980s and the end of the 1990s in England and Scotland. Using time‐series data derived from the Scottish School Leavers Surveys and the England (and Wales) Youth Cohort Study, changes in both absolute and relative social class differences within and across the two countries were analysed through the use of a series of ordered logits. The results show that Scotland has higher educational attainment rates but also higher social class inequalities than England. Moreover, while in England social class inequalities at upper‐secondary and tertiary level have declined over time, in Scotland no evidence of such trend has been found. The conclusions highlight that possible explanations for these patterns reside in the different features of the two education systems and in the remarkable educational success of the Scottish middle class.
P3.7 APPLICATION OF THE LOCAL ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION SYSTEM (LAPS) DIABATIC INITIALIZATION OF MESOSCALE NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS FOR THE IHOP-2002 FIELD EXPERIMENT

The NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory’s (FSL) Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) (Albers et al., 1996) has been enhanced over the last few years to provide a capability for initializing mesoscale numerical weather prediction models with clouds and precipitation present in the initial conditions (Shaw et al., 2001). This diabatic initialization procedure has been referred to as the “hot start” technique. The basic technique involves the use of the three-dimensional LAPS cloud analysis, which includes all microphysical species to diagnose estimated vertical velocity profiles based on cloud type, depth, horizontal scale, and stability criteria (Schultz and Albers, 2001). These estimates are then used as constraints in a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) step along with a first-guess field, the LAPS univariate temperature, moisture, height, and wind analyses to develop model initial conditions that are in dynamic balance with the observed cloud field while maintaining consistency with the observations. The LAPS method of balancing the dynamic fields with the cloud analysis is more fully described in McGinley and Smart (2001). What makes LAPS unique in this application is its ability to use virtually all operationally available sources of meteorological information, including wideband WSR-88D data and GOES imagery, in a computationally efficient manner. This technique has been used in mesoscale NWP models at FSL to improve explicit short-range forecasts of clouds and precipitation since the summer of 2000 (Shaw et al., 2001). During the summer of 2002, this technique was used to initialize a nested MM5 domain at 12-km grid spacing for the outer grid and 4-km grid spacing for the inner grid (Fig. 1). The grids were made available to forecasters supporting the IHOP field operations via FSL’s FX-Net client software. Additionally, the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) were verified against point observations and the NCEP Stage IV precipitation analyses via FSL’s Real-Time Verification System (RTVS) (Mahoney et al., 2002). Fig. 1. MM5 domain used for the IHOP field experiment. Grid-spacing on the outer domain is 12 km. The inner nest (box in center of figure) utilized 4 km grid spacing.
One step further in assessing how interpretations influence the process of psychotherapy

The question of how interpretations take effect is among the most important in psychotherapy research. In a landmark study, Silberschatz, Fretter, and Curtis (1986) developed a method to assess the compatibility between an interpretation and a patient's psychology (the patient's unconscious plan), and demonstrated that this factor-plan compatibility-may contribute substantially to an interpretation's effect. However, they did not consider the following possibility: An interpretation might be plan compatible in terms of content, but incompatible in terms of process (e.g., an interpretation accurately identifying a patient's fear of acting independently may be delivered in a controlling way), or vice-versa. In a reanalysis of data provided by Silberschatz et al. (1986), we demonstrate that raters can reliably distinguish content from process in evaluating plan compatibility. We demonstrate, further, that a distinction between content and process plan compatibility may increase the amount of explained variance in Patient Experiencing scores. Of particular interest is an analysis of interpretations in which the aspects of plan compatibility (content or process) differed, which showed that the aspect of plan compatibility most highly correlated with Experiencing varied across the cases. This finding suggests that attention to the distinct contributions of content and process to plan compatibility may help further our understanding of how individual patients listen to and utilize therapist interventions.