Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are galaxies with active galactic nuclei a transition population

We present the results of an analysis of a well-selected sample of galaxies with active and inactive galactic nuclei from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, in the range 0.01 < z < 0.16. The SDSS galaxy catalogue was split into two classes of active galaxies, Type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) and composites, and one set of inactive, star-forming/passive galaxies. For each active galaxy, two inactive control galaxies were selected by matching redshift, absolute magnitude, inclination, and radius. The sample of inactive galaxies naturally divides into a red and a blue sequence, while the vast majority of AGN hosts occur along the red sequence. In terms of Ha equivalent width (EW), the population of composite galaxies peaks in the valley between the two modes, suggesting a transition population. However, this effect is not observed in other properties such as the colour-magnitude space or colour-concentration plane. Active galaxies are seen to be generally bulge-dominated systems, but with enhanced Hα emission compared to inactive red-sequence galaxies. AGN and composites also occur in less dense environments than inactive red-sequence galaxies, implying that the fuelling of AGN is more restricted in high-density environments. These results are therefore inconsistent with theories in which AGN host galaxies are a 'transition' population. We also introduce a systematic 3D spectroscopic imaging survey, to quantify and compare the gaseous and stellar kinematics of a well-selected, distance-limited sample of up to 20 nearby Seyfert galaxies, and 20 inactive control galaxies with well-matched optical properties. The survey aims to search for dynamical triggers of nuclear activity and address outstanding controversies in optical/infrared imaging surveys.
Regimes of Information: Land Use, Management, and Policy

Socio-ecological systems are inherently complex. One source of complexity is the uncertainties involved in the decisions and behaviors of human actors that determine how landholdings are managed. Land management decisions are often influenced by diverse factors and considerations. Particularly significant among these are (1) the sources of information land managers utilize with their perceived quality, reliability, and accessibility; (2) the social networks of the decision maker with their pertinent history, appeal, and authority; and (3) the interests, resources, and prior experiences of individual decision makers. This degree of diversity and uncertainty gives rise to behaviors that cannot be entirely explained in terms of rational choice or any variation thereof. How can we best understand and explain these behaviors, as spatial but also social and informational, in land-use decision making? This article presents the case of land management in a county in the Midwest United States to develop a conceptual model of decision making of environmental resources in socio-ecological systems. This model conceives environmental decision making as a multivalent process that operates on the basis of different “regimes of worth,” incorporating not only the economic value of outcomes but also other personal and social values within different worlds or polities. These worlds, in turn, incorporate particular “regimes of information” based on particular higher principles that they uphold. The article examines these regimes, provides examples of what constitutes information in each regimes, and explores the management and policy implications of this framework.
Sodium Nitrite Provides Angiogenic and Proliferative Effects In vivo and In vitro

Background Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. Many factors and substances may stimulate angiogenesis and exhibit proliferative effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the angiogenic and proliferative effects of sodium nitrite. Material/Methods The angiogenic activity of sodium nitrite was examined in vivo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and in vitro in tube formation assay of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The proliferative activity of sodium nitrite was also determined through MTT assay on HUVECs. Results In CAM assay, sodium nitrite had an angiogenic effect especially at high concentrations compared with the control group and this was statistically significant. There was a proliferative effect on HUVECs in the presence of sodium nitrite for 24 and 48 h, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). Comparing the tube length/area ratio values, there was statistically significant increase in the sodium nitrite group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions The results provide evidence that sodium nitrite induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
Human Neuromagnetic Steady-State Responses to Amplitude-Modulated Tones, Speech, and Music

Objectives: Auditory steady-state responses that can be elicited by various periodic sounds inform about subcortical and early cortical auditory processing. Steady-state responses to amplitude-modulated pure tones have been used to scrutinize binaural interaction by frequency-tagging the two ears’ inputs at different frequencies. Unlike pure tones, speech and music are physically very complex, as they include many frequency components, pauses, and large temporal variations. To examine the utility of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) steady-state fields (SSFs) in the study of early cortical processing of complex natural sounds, the authors tested the extent to which amplitude-modulated speech and music can elicit reliable SSFs. Design: MEG responses were recorded to 90-s-long binaural tones, speech, and music, amplitude-modulated at 41.1 Hz at four different depths (25, 50, 75, and 100%). The subjects were 11 healthy, normal-hearing adults. MEG signals were averaged in phase with the modulation frequency, and the sources of the resulting SSFs were modeled by current dipoles. After the MEG recording, intelligibility of the speech, musical quality of the music stimuli, naturalness of music and speech stimuli, and the perceived deterioration caused by the modulation were evaluated on visual analog scales. Results: The perceived quality of the stimuli decreased as a function of increasing modulation depth, more strongly for music than speech; yet, all subjects considered the speech intelligible even at the 100% modulation. SSFs were the strongest to tones and the weakest to speech stimuli; the amplitudes increased with increasing modulation depth for all stimuli. SSFs to tones were reliably detectable at all modulation depths (in all subjects in the right hemisphere, in 9 subjects in the left hemisphere) and to music stimuli at 50 to 100% depths, whereas speech usually elicited clear SSFs only at 100% depth. The hemispheric balance of SSFs was toward the right hemisphere for tones and speech, whereas SSFs to music showed no lateralization. In addition, the right lateralization of SSFs to the speech stimuli decreased with decreasing modulation depth. Conclusions: The results showed that SSFs can be reliably measured to amplitude-modulated natural sounds, with slightly different hemispheric lateralization for different carrier sounds. With speech stimuli, modulation at 100% depth is required, whereas for music the 75% or even 50% modulation depths provide a reasonable compromise between the signal-to-noise ratio of SSFs and sound quality or perceptual requirements. SSF recordings thus seem feasible for assessing the early cortical processing of natural sounds.
Antibody responses measured by various serologic tests in pigs orally inoculated with low numbers of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

OBJECTIVE To follow antibody responses measured by various serologic tests in pigs orally inoculated with low (< or = 10 oocysts) numbers of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. ANIMALS 24, 2- to 3-month-old pigs. PROCEDURE Pigs (n = 42) were inoculated orally with 10 (14 pigs) or 1 (28 pigs) infective oocysts, and 6 pigs served as uninoculated controls. Blood (serum) samples were obtained at 1- to 3-week intervals until euthanasia. At necropsy, the brain, heart, and tongue of pigs were bioassayed in mice and cats for isolation of T gondii. Modified agglutination test (MAT), using whole, fixed tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol; latex agglutination test (LAT); indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT); Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT); and ELISA were used to evaluate serologic responses to T gondii. RESULTS T gondii was isolated from tissues of 13 of 14 pigs each fed 10 oocysts, 17 of 28 pigs each fed 1 oocyst, and 0 of 6 control pigs. 29 of 30 T gondii-infected pigs developed antibodies when measured by MAT, DT, and ELISA; the 1 seronegative-infected pig had been fed 10 oocysts and was euthanatized 69 days after inoculation. LAT detected antibodies in 26 of 30 T gondii-infected pigs. IHAT detected antibodies in 11 T gondii-infected pigs. CONCLUSION MAT, DT, and ELISA were more sensitive serologic assays than LAT and IHAT for detecting antibodies induced by low numbers of T gondii in pigs.
THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCADIAN TYPOLOGY (MORNINGNESS-EVENINGNESS) AND ANXIETY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

People’s health and well-being maybe determined by the interaction of endogenous and external rhythms. Late chronotypes should become anxious. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between circadian types (morningness-eveningness) and anxiety among the university students. Materials & Methods: The method of present study was causal-comparative. Research participants were 288 (123 boys and 165 girls) of the university students. The scores obtained on the morningness-eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) of Horn and Ostberg and state-trait anxiety inventory of spielberg. Data were analyzed by multivariable analysis of variance (Manova) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) between two independent groups. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between two circadian type and anxiety (p<0/001). The result of Manova showed that there are significant differences between two circadian types in state-trait anxiety. The results of ANOVA showed that in circadian types and state-trait anxiety there isn’t significant differences between two groups. Conclusion : Based on the findings of this study could be concluded that the anxiety is related to circadian type eveningness.
A New and Feasible Protocol for Semi-quantum Key Distribution

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols make it possible for two quantum parties to generate a secret shared key. Semi-quantum Key Distribution (SQKD) protocols, such as "QKD with classical Bob" and "QKD with classical Alice" (that have both been proven robust), achieve this goal even if one of the parties is classical. However, the currently existing SQKD protocols are not experimentally feasible with the current technology. Here we suggest a new protocol ("Classical Alice with a controllable mirror") that can be experimentally implemented with the current technology, and prove it to be robust.
Expectation of Recovery From Low Back Pain: A Longitudinal Cohort Study Investigating Patient Characteristics Related to Expectations and the Association Between Expectations and 3-Month Outcome

Study Design. A prospective cohort study conducted in general practice (GP) and chiropractic practice (CP). Objective. To explore which patient characteristics were associated with recovery expectations in patients with low back pain (LBP), whether expectations predicted 3-month outcome, and to what extent expectations were associated with empirical prognostic factors. Summary of Background Data. Patients' recovery expectations have been associated with prognosis, but it is largely unknown why patients expect what they do, and how expectations relate to other prognostic factors. Methods. A total of 1169 participants completed questionnaires at their first consultation due to LBP, and 78% were followed for 3 months. At baseline, recovery expectations were measured on a 0 to 10 scale. Outcome measures were LBP intensity and global perceived effect. Associations were tested in regression models, and the predictive capacity of expectations described in terms of adjusted R2 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Correlations between predicted expectations and prognosis were quantified by the Spearman rho. Results. Expectations were associated with known prognostic factors, mainly LBP history, but were only partly explained by measured factors (adjusted R2, 35% [CP]/55% [GP]). Expectations had statistically significant associations with both outcomes after adjusting for other baseline factors, but explained only a little of the variance in LBP (adjusted R2: 0.11 CP/0.32 GP) and did not add to the explained variance. The prediction of global perceived effect was limited in CP (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.59), but more substantial in GP (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.77) patients. Correlations between predicted expectations and predicted outcome were strong. Conclusion. Patients' recovery expectations were associated mainly with LBP history and were generally, but not consistently, similar to an empirically predicted prognosis. Expectations were significantly associated with outcome, and may, at least for some outcomes, be a relevant proxy for more complex models. Future studies should explore the effect of addressing negative recovery expectations. Level of Evidence: 2
Reverse Nearest Neighbor Queries for Dynamic Databases

In this paper we propose an algorithm for answering reverse nearest neighbor RNN queries a problem formulated only recently This class of queries is strongly related to that of nearest neighbor NN queries although the two are not necessarily complementary Unlike nearest neighbor queries RNN queries nd the set of database points that have the query point as the nearest neighbor There is no other proposal we are aware of that provides an algorithmic approach to answer RNN queries The earlier approach for RNN queries KM is based on the pre computation of neighborhood information that is organized in terms of auxiliary data structures It can be argued that the pre computation of the RNN information for all points in the database can be too restrictive In the case of dynamic databases insert and update operations are expensive and can lead to modi cations of large parts of the auxiliary data structures Also answers to RNN queries for a set of data points depend on the number of dimensions taken in considerations when initializing the data structures We propose an algorithmic approach that is exible enough to support a larger class of RNN queries and in order to support them we also extend the current method of nearest neighbor search to that of conditional nearest neighbor
Role of Physicochemical Properties in Nanoparticle Toxicity

With the recent rapid growth of technological comprehension in nanoscience, researchers have aimed to adapt this knowledge to various research fields within engineering and applied science. Dramatic advances in nanomaterials marked a new epoch in biomedical engineering with the expectation that they would have huge contributions to healthcare. However, several questions regarding their safety and toxicity have arisen due to numerous novel properties. Here, recent studies of nanomaterial toxicology will be reviewed from several physiochemical perspectives. A variety of physiochemical properties such as size distribution, electrostatics, surface area, general morphology and aggregation may significantly affect physiological interactions between nanomaterials and target biological areas. Accordingly, it is very important to finely tune these properties in order to safely fulfill a bio-user’s purpose.
Deciphering the role of hedgehog signaling in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Pancreatic cancer, mostly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the US, with a dismal median survival of 6 months. Thus, there is an urgent unmet need to identify ways to diagnose and to treat this deadly cancer. Although a number of genetic changes have been identified in pancreatic cancer, their mechanisms of action in tumor development, progression and metastasis are not completely understood. Hedgehog signaling, which plays a major role in embryonic development and stem cell regulation, is known to be activated in pancreatic cancer; however, specific inhibitors targeting the smoothened molecule failed to improve the condition of pancreatic cancer patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, results regarding the role of Hh signaling in pancreatic cancer are controversial with some reporting tumor promoting activities whereas others tumor suppressive actions. In this review, we will summarize what we know about hedgehog signaling in pancreatic cancer, and try to explain the contradicting roles of hedgehog signaling as well as the reason(s) behind the failed clinical trials. In addition to the canonical hedgehog signaling, we will also discuss several non-canonical hedgehog signaling mechanisms.
Efficacy and Safety of Conversion from Twice‐daily to Once‐daily Tacrolimus in a Large Cohort of Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients

Prolonged‐release tacrolimus was developed to provide a more convenient once‐daily dosing that could improve patient adherence. We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational, 12‐month study to describe the efficacy, safety and patient preference of conversion from tacrolimus twice‐daily to once‐daily formulation in stable kidney transplant recipients in routine clinical practice. Conversion was made on a 1 mg: 1 mg basis (1 mg: 1.1 mg in patients with trough levels <6 ng/mL). The study included 1832 patients (mean age (±SD): 50.0 ± 13.4 years; 62.7% male). After conversion, a modest reduction in tacrolimus trough levels, necessitating an increase in daily dose, was observed (mean changes at 12 months of –9.1% and +1.24%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Mean glomerular filtration rate did not change significantly (56.5 ± 19.7 mL/min at conversion vs. 55.7 ± 20.6 mL/min at 12 months). Proteinuria, blood pressure, lipid, hepatic and glucose parameters remained stable. Eight patients (0.4%) had acute rejection and 34 patients (1.85%) discontinued treatment. Almost all patients (99.4%) preferred the once‐daily formulation, because of less frequent dosing (66%) and improved adherence (34%). In conclusion, at similar doses to twice‐daily tacrolimus, once‐daily formulation provided stable renal function, a low acute rejection rate, and good tolerability in stable kidney transplant recipients in the routine clinical practice setting.
Mining sequential patterns

We are given a large database of customer transactions, where each transaction consists of customer-id, transaction time, and the items bought in the transaction. We introduce the problem of mining sequential patterns over such databases. We present three algorithms to solve this problem, and empirically evaluate their performance using synthetic data. Two of the proposed algorithms, AprioriSome and AprioriAll, have comparable performance, albeit AprioriSome performs a little better when the minimum number of customers that must support a sequential pattern is low. Scale-up experiments show that both AprioriSome and AprioriAll scale linearly with the number of customer transactions. They also have excellent scale-up properties with respect to the number of transactions per customer and the number of items in a transaction. <<ETX>>
The New Flagship University: changing the paradigm from global ranking to national relevancy

Well over 50 years ago, and in the immediate post-Sputnik era, Clark Kerr saw America’s leading universities as increasingly complex “multiversities,” with ever a growing number of academic programs, a more active role in socioeconomic mobility and economic development, and as the drivers of knowledge production and innovation (Kerr 2001: xi). This vision of the multiversity has since become an international model, fueled by a tremendous growth in the number of students in most nations and a remarkable investment in research and development. Research-intensive universities now find themselves as the focus of increased expectations and political interest worldwide.
Neural representation of surface ordering in visual Areas V1, V2 and MT

Visual cortical areas V1, V2 and MT may participate in the representation of surface ordering, the arrangement of one surface in front of another. This work investigates the role of neurons of V1 and V2 in figure-ground representation in static stimuli, as well as the role of MT in surface ordering in dynamic stimuli. Electrical recordings were made in V1 and V2 to determine whether neurons in these areas encode information about the identities of figure and ground, and also whether they respond to figure-ground cues. We recorded from 3 monkeys, one trained on a fixation task, and the other two on a match-to-sample task that ensured attention to the stimuli. The stimuli consisted of rectangles of differing contrast arranged in an unambiguous or ambiguous figure-ground configuration. The stimuli were positioned such that the cells' receptive fields were located either at the border between rectangles or in the interiors of rectangles. Cells demonstrating selectivity at borders or interiors of unambiguous figure-ground stimuli were considered selective for border ownership or figure vs. ground, respectively. Cells showing selectivity at borders or interiors of ambiguous figure-ground stimuli were considered selective for figure-ground cues. Preliminary experiments on the fixating monkey suggested that a small fraction of cells in V1 and V2 might play a role in figure-ground interpretation. The results from the awake behaving monkeys further support the hypothesis that V1 and V2 play a role in figure-ground perception. In both areas we found cells demonstrating selectivity for border ownership, and in V2 we found cells demonstrating selectivity for figure over ground. However, in V1 and V2 there was also evidence a separate population was responding to the presence of figure-ground cues in the stimulus. The experiments in MT were performed on two awake behaving monkeys. The stimuli were transparent rotating cylinders comprised of random dots moving along a sinusoidal gradient. The stimuli were bistable? perceived to rotate in one direction or its opposite. The monkeys indicated in which direction they perceived the cylinder? s front surface rotating. Cells were found whose firing correlated with the monkeys? bistable percept, even though the stimuli were identical.