Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alliance rupture and repair processes in borderline personality disorder: A case study using dialogical sequence analysis

Objective: This study examined alliance rupture and repair processes in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and how the content of sessions interacts with the quality of the alliance. Design: A mixed methods single case study design was employed incorporating quantitative and qualitative measures of process and outcome. Methods: This case study examined a 22-year-old female with BPD who received 16 sessions of Cognitive Analytic Therapy. Measures of alliance, symptoms and global functioning were taken across multiple time-points. Selected sessions were analysed using dialogical sequence analysis (DSA), a theory-driven method of psychotherapy research that analyses utterances according to their author, addressee and referential object. Results: Quantitative data indicated symptom reduction without functional improvement. DSA demonstrated that the first exchanges in therapy were reflective of key relational themes. The case suggests that, rather than simply negotiating tasks and goals, repairing ruptures involves systematically linking the manifest topic to the client’s core problems. Conclusions: This case study points to the mediating role that the content of sessions has on alliance quality. Results underline the importance of the therapist stance, the need for a shared formulation to make sense of relational processes and the use of responsively timed interventions to decrease desperation and improve self-reflection.
Valid Confidence Intervals and Inference in the Presence of Weak Instruments

We investigate confidence intervals and inference for the instrumental variables model with weak instruments. Wald-based confidence intervals for a structural parameter perform poorly in that the probability they reject the null is far greater than their nominal size. We show that the preactice of "pre-testing" by looking at the significance of the fist-stage regression and then making inference based on the Wald statistic leads to extremely poor results when the instruments are very weak.
Asymptotic Giant Branch evolution at varying surface C/O ratio: effects of changes in molecular opacities

We investigate the eects of molecular opacities on the evolution of TP-AGB stars that experience the third dredge-up, i.e. with surface abundances of carbon and oxygen varying with time. To this aim, a routine is constructed to derive the molecular concentrations through dissociation equilibrium calculations, and estimate the opacities due to H2 ,H 2O, OH, C2, CN, and CO for any given density, temperature and chemical composition of the gas. Then, synthetic TP-AGB models with dredge-up are calculated by either adopting the newly developed routine, or interpolating between xed opacity tables for solar chemical composition. The comparison between the two cases shows that the change in the dominant opacity sources, as the C/O ratio grows from below to above unity, crucially aects the evolution of the eective temperature, i.e. causing a notable cooling of the carbon- rich models (with C/O> 1). From the comparison with observational data, it turns out that TP-AGB models with variable molecular opacities are able to reproduce the observed range of eective temperatures, mass-loss rates, and wind expansion velocities of C-type giants in the solar neighbourhood, otherwise failed if assuming xed molecular opacities for solar-scaled mixtures. Finally, we mention other possibly important evolutionary and observational eects that result from the adoption of the variable opacities, such as: i) signicant shortening of the C-star phase due to the earlier onset of the super-wind; ii) consequent reduction of the carbon yields; iii) reproduction of the observed range of near-infrared colours of C-stars.
Are dyslexics’ visual deficits limited to measures of dorsal stream function?

We tested the hypothesis that the differences in performance between developmental dyslexics and controls on visual tasks are specific for the detection of dynamic stimuli. We found that dyslexics were less sensitive than controls to coherent motion in dynamic random dot displays. However, their sensitivity to control measures of static visual form coherence was not significantly different from that of controls. This dissociation of dyslexics’ performance on measures that are suggested to tap the sensitivity of different extrastriate visual areas provides evidence for an impairment specific to the detection of dynamic properties of global stimuli, perhaps resulting from selective deficits in dorsal stream functions.
PAC-Bayesian Generalisation Error Bounds for Gaussian Process Classification

Approximate Bayesian Gaussian process (GP) classification techniques are powerful non-parametric learning methods, similar in appearance and performance to support vector machines. Based on simple probabilistic models, they render interpretable results and can be embedded in Bayesian frameworks for model selection, feature selection, etc. In this paper, by applying the PAC-Bayesian theorem of McAllester (1999a), we prove distribution-free generalisation error bounds for a wide range of approximate Bayesian GP classification techniques. We also provide a new and much simplified proof for this powerful theorem, making use of the concept of convex duality which is a backbone of many machine learning techniques. We instantiate and test our bounds for two particular GPC techniques, including a recent sparse method which circumvents the unfavourable scaling of standard GP algorithms. As is shown in experiments on a real-world task, the bounds can be very tight for moderate training sample sizes. To the best of our knowledge, these results provide the tightest known distribution-free error bounds for approximate Bayesian GPC methods, giving a strong learning-theoretical justification for the use of these techniques.
The Effects of Anticipated Future Investments on Firm Value : Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions

The Effects of Anticipated Future Investments on Firm Value: Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions by Ning Zhang Business Administration Duke University Date: _____________________ Approved: __________________ Qi Chen, Supervisor __________________ Frank Ecker __________________ Per Olsson __________________ David Robinson __________________ Katherine Schipper An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration in the Graduate School of Duke University 2013 Copyright by Ning Zhang 2013
Vectors or Graphs? On Differences of Representations for Distributional Semantic Models

Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs) have recently received increased attention, together with the rise of neural architectures for scalable training of dense vector embeddings. While some of the literature even includes terms like ‘vectors’ and ‘dimensionality’ in the definition of DSMs, there are some good reasons why we should consider alternative formulations of distributional models. As an instance, I present a scalable graph-based solution to distributional semantics. The model belongs to the family of ‘count-based’ DSMs, keeps its representation sparse and explicit, and thus fully interpretable. I will highlight some important differences between sparse graph-based and dense vector approaches to DSMs: while dense vector-based models are computationally easier to handle and provide a nice uniform representation that can be compared and combined in many ways, they lack interpretability, provenance and robustness. On the other hand, graph-based sparse models have a more straightforward interpretation, handle sense distinctions more naturally and can straightforwardly be linked to knowledge bases, while lacking the ability to compare arbitrary lexical units and a compositionality operation. Since both representations have their merits, I opt for exploring their combination in the outlook.
Towards Tracking Semantic Change by Visual Analytics

This paper presents a new approach to detecting and tracking changes in word meaning by visually modeling and representing diachronic development in word contexts. Previous studies have shown that computational models are capable of clustering and disambiguating senses, a more recent trend investigates whether changes in word meaning can be tracked by automatic methods. The aim of our study is to offer a new instrument for investigating the diachronic development of word senses in a way that allows for a better understanding of the nature of semantic change in general. For this purpose we combine techniques from the field of Visual Analytics with unsupervised methods from Natural Language Processing, allowing for an interactive visual exploration of semantic change.
Psychological capital in sport organizations: Hope, Efficacy, Resilience, and Optimism among Employees in Sport (HEROES)

ABSTRACT Research question: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of positive organizational behavior in sport organizations by better understanding sport employees’ psychological capital (PsyCap) for desirable attitudes (job satisfaction and psychological well-being), behaviors (citizenship), and performance. Further, we examine antecedents of PsyCap at the employee, the leader, and organizational level. Research methods: Through an in-depth literature review and series of panel discussions, we present a conceptual framework for sport employees working in sport teams at the professional or collegiate levels. Results and Findings: In detailing a conceptual model of Hope, Efficacy, Resilience, and Optimism among Employees in Sport (HEROES), we expand the knowledge on PsyCap by identifying the factors that potentially affect sport employee PsyCap and the outcomes that can be expected from PsyCap enhancement. Implications: Sport management researchers can empirically examine the proposed links in the HEROES model and look into which of the aforementioned components actively influence sport employees’ PsyCap, as well as which outcomes are most strongly affected by enhanced PsyCap.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN INTERNET CODE REUSE : A MODEL AND EMPIRICAL TEST 27 January 2011

Internet code, such as open source software code, which is available for gratis download from the Internet, is becoming an increasingly important element of code reuse in commercial software development. However, when individual developers practice such reuse in ad-hoc fashion, for different reasons they might disregard potentially existing license obligations, thereby causing serious legal, economic, and reputational issues for their employers and for themselves. In this study, we try to explicate the underlying drivers of such behavior. We employ the theories of planned behavior, ethical work climate, expected utility, and deterrence to model Internet code reuse as an individual-level ethical decision. With the use of a survey of 869 professional software developers, we find that between 15% and 21% of these developers have in the past, under time pressure, reused Internet code in such a way that disregarded license obligations. We show that developers’ attitude toward the behavior and their perceived subjective norm influence their intention to engage in such behavior. Further, we find that developers who anticipate more severe consequences for this behavior, and those who perceive less severe time pressure in their firms, hold a more negative attitude. Additionally, our results highlight an indirect effect of an ethical work climate of compliance with laws and codes on intention mediated by subjective norm. Overall, our study advances the theoretical understanding at the intersection of knowledge reuse and ethical behavior. Moreover, we offer managerial implications with respect to how to avoid economic and legal issues from violated license obligations that result from ad-hoc Internet code reuse.
The Relationship among Caregiver Burden, Demographic Variables, and the Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease—A Systematic Review of Studies Using Various Caregiver Burden Instruments

Caring for a person with Parkinson’s disease (PD) extends far beyond the ordinary exchange of assistance among people in a close relationship. Caregivers must learn to cope with the patient’s increasing disability and loss of independence. The aim of this systematic review was to critically assess and summarize the evidence of the influence of the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with PD on caregiver burden by means of a caregiver burden instrument. In order to identify articles, electronic databases and reference lists were searched using the search word “Parkinson’s disease” in combination with “caregiver” or “carer” and with “burden” or “distress” or “stress” or “strain”. Thirty one articles were deemed eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. No studies were excluded due to low quality. The results revealed similar associations among caregiver burden, demographic variables and patient characteristics, across different caregiver burden instruments and various clinical scales. Higher PD stage and functional disability are the non-motor characteristics that contribute the most to caregiver burden. However, when comparing the impact of patient motor and non-motor symptoms, several studies found that mental symptoms had a stronger impact on caregiver burden than motor symptoms. No association was observed between caregiver burden and patient and caregiver demographics with the exception of the sub-scale analysis of caregiver burden in various age groups. Interpreting the results of studies that employ a range of different clinical assessment scales and burden instruments makes it challenging to provide a valid summary of caregiver burden in PD. The most commonly used analysis methods contribute little information about burden variation across caregiver groups or which areas are the most burdensome for caregivers. There is a need for a more uniform use of recommended instruments and for longitudinal studies.
Poverty and delinquency: A qualitative study on selected juvenile offenders in Malaysia

This qualitative case study explored the voices of juvenile offenders in Malaysia who were plagued with poverty, and brought to light their plight. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of poverty on the delinquent character and behavioural development of the children on three major crime-enhancing themes – miserable family conditions, school failure and association with deviant peers – to get a broader view of how poverty could influence their life trajectory. The purposive maximum variation sampling method was used in the selection of six young offenders between the ages of 13 and 17 years from Sekolah Tunas Bakti Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A multiple data collection method that included observation, in-depth case study and document analysis was used for data collection. Results showed that three major crime-enhancing themes due to poverty were strongly related to children’s delinquent character and behavioural development. The knowledge gained from this study will further contribute to understanding the real-life experiences of juvenile offenders, particularly those who are experiencing extreme deprivation, and it is hoped that the insight gained could help in the prevention and control of juvenile delinquent behaviour in Malaysia.
Effects of Environmental Measures on Intelligence in Young Children: Growth Curve Modeling of Longitudinal Data

Effects of different environmental measures on individual intellectual growth patterns were examined in 105 young children participating in a longitudinal study. Intelligence (Stanford-Binet, 4th edition) was measured at ages 3 through 6 years, and child's environment (HOME and SES) was assessed at age 3 years. Growth curve analyses revealed that HOME scores exerted a constant influence on the expected composite, verbal, and nonverbal intellectual skills at each age. Only SES influenced the rate of growth, specifically nonverbal intellectual skills. The magnitudes of these effects were moderate, but consistent, regardless of whether age-standardized or subscale raw scores were analyzed. These findings confirm that HOME and SES scores are more than just different types of measures of the child's environment.
Department of Economics Econometrics Working Paper Ewp0905 Capital Structures in an Emerging Market: a Duration Analysis of the Time Interval between Ipo and Seo in China*

We model the durations between firms' " Initial Public Offerings " (IPOs) and their subsequent " Seasoned Equity Offerings " (SEOs) in China during the period from 1 January 2001 to 1 July 2006. Duration analysis is applied by using the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier estimator of the hazard function, and parametric accelerated failure time models with time-varying covariates. The results of this analysis have important implications for the capital structure in emerging markets. Our evidence on financing decisions in China contradicts the predictions of both the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory. Firms do not issue equity after debt financing to offset the deviation from the target leverage ratio. Profitability is negatively related to debt ratios. Limited access to the corporate bond market and the privilege of the low effective tax rate that local governments give to firms have increased the cost of debt and decreased the benefit of debt, and make firms in China under-utilize the tax shield of debt. The most surprising finding is that profitability is positively related to the conditional probability of equity financing. Firms may intentionally manipulate the earnings to minimize the adverse section costs associated with equity financing and to meet the earnings requirement of China Securities Regulatory Commission set for SEO qualifications. Market timing is an important consideration when firms in China undertake equity financing.
On the dynamics of work identity in atypical employment: setting out a research agenda

ABSTRACT Starting from the notion that work is an important part of who we are, we extend existing theory making on the interplay of work and identity by applying them to (so called) atypical work situations. Without the contextual stability of a permanent organizational position, the question “who one is” will be more difficult to answer. At the same time, a stable occupational identity might provide an even more important orientation to one’s career attitudes and goals in atypical employment situations. So, although atypical employment might pose different challenges on identity, identity can still be a valid concept to assist the understanding of behaviour, attitudes, and well-being in these situations. Our analysis does not attempt to “reinvent” the concept of identity, but will elaborate how existing conceptualizations of identity as being a multiple (albeit perceived as singular), fluid (albeit perceived as stable), and actively forged (as well as passively influenced) construct that can be adapted to understand the effects of atypical employment contexts. Furthermore, we suggest three specific ways to understand the longitudinal dynamics of the interplay between atypical employment and identity over time: passive incremental, active incremental, and transformative change. We conclude with key learning points and outline a few practical recommendations for more research into identity as an explanatory mechanism for the effects of atypical employment situations.
Effects of Pre-reading Activities on EFL Reading by Iranian College Students

This study investigated the effects of two pre-reading activities (class discussion and vocabulary definitions) and a control condition on the reading comprehension of 57 Iranian college freshmen. It also investigated the differential facilitative effect of the two pre-reading activities on the students' comprehension. Each student read an expository text under one of the three conditions and immediately afterwards answered a 9-item short answer test designed to measure comprehension of the text. A one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc comparison test were applied to the results. This revealed that the two pre-reading activities produced significantly higher comprehension scores than the control condition. Vocabulary definitions activity resulted in increased comprehension compared with the control condition, but was significantly less effective than the class discussion activity. Results of the study were interpreted in relation to the schema-theoretic view of the reading process, and to their implications for EFL reading instruction.
Policing in a Largely Minority Jurisdiction: The Influence of Appearance Characteristics Associated with Contemporary Hip-Hop Culture on Police Decision-Making

To date, the main lines of inquiry on the topic of policing bias have relied upon the operationalization of simple interracial/ethnic distinctions to determine if Black or Brown citizens receive disproportionately harsh treatment compared to Whites in a jurisdiction. Failing that, ecological models have been applied, built around the notion of territorial learning or “out-of-place” policing, meaning that the police more aggressively target racial minorities in areas where they are unexpected to be inhabitants. This study seeks to take the inquiry to a more refined level, examining the sorts of legal and extra-legal factors that account for within-race discretionary outcomes. Drawing upon ride-along data gathered in a largely African American metropolitan jurisdiction in the Southeast, we show that extralegal appearance factors associated with the contemporary hip-hop culture (i.e. dreadlocks, cornrows, afros, braids, gold teeth, saggy pants) are predictive of more severe formal outcomes imposed by officers than other relevant predictors. We ground this research in the police discretion and implicit bias literature to better inform theory and practice.
Comparative analysis of Dutch Reformed communities’ coverage in Canadian mainstream and Reformed mass media

This paper is a comparative study of how Dutch Reformed communities selfrepresent themselves in their printed media and the ways these communities are covered in Canadian daily newspapers. The cases are chosen from 2005 until 2016. This research demonstrates that mainstream media forms a positive image of Dutch Reformed groups, although it seems dated because the majority of publications refer to the communities’ experience of post-war immigration and memories about World War II. Also, mainstream newspapers do not provide the reader with clear comprehension of the social role that Dutch Reformed communities play today. However, Reformed magazines give a deeper understanding of Canadian Reformed communities’ worldview, but their target audience is narrower, and, as a result, they cannot transform public perception of these religious groups.