Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERSONNEL ATTITUDES AND MOTIVATION

In reviewing the research literature during 1974-1975, a number of distinct overall themes have emerged. First, a conceptual watershed seems to have been reached in that the theoretical schemas that have dominated the field of work motivation for the past decade are increasingly being described by their own proponents as being of limited usefulness and that much remains to be done in constructing more adequate theoretical frameworks. Second, there is an increasing concern with some of the basic methatheoretical assumptions that have been utilized in the study of work motivation and satisfaction. Thus there is great interest in such topics as (a) the logic of contingency (or moderator) models and their potential fruitfulness; (b) the traditional dependent variables of the field (work achievement and job satisfaction), and the societal and personal implications of encouraging the maximization of each outcome. A third theme concerns the vast cultural changes sweeping Western society concerning the meaning of work, the integration or acceleration of new groups into the workforce, the meaning of "success," the "fear of success" motive, and related topics. Tied in with these concerns is the continuing interest in the sociotechnical redesign of organizations and jobs as a mechanism for meeting these changes and for overcoming other problems that have plagued work organizations for years.
Effect of automated drug distribution systems on medication error rates in a short-stay geriatric unit

Rationale, aims and objectives To assess the impact of an automated drug distribution system on medication errors (MEs). Methods Before-after observational study in a 40-bed short stay geriatric unit within a 1800 bed general hospital in Valenciennes, France. Researchers attended nurse medication administration rounds and compared administered to prescribed drugs, before and after the drug distribution system changed from a ward stock system (WSS) to a unit dose dispensing system (UDDS), integrating a unit dose dispensing robot and automated medication dispensing cabinet (AMDC). Results A total of 615 opportunities of errors (OEs) were observed among 148 patients treated during the WSS period, and 783 OEs were observed among 166 patients treated during the UDDS period. ME [medication administration error (MAE)] rates were calculated and compared between the two periods. Secondary measures included type of errors, seriousness of errors and risk reduction for the patients. The implementation of an automated drug dispensing system resulted in a 53% reduction in MAEs. All error types were reduced in the UDDS period compared with the WSS period (P < 0.001). Wrong dose and wrong drug errors were reduced by 79.1% (2.4% versus 0.5%, P = 0.005) and 93.7% (1.9% versus 0.01%, P = 0.009), respectively. Conclusion An automated UDDS combining a unit dose dispensing robot and AMDCs could reduce discrepancies between ordered and administered drugs, thus improving medication safety among the elderly.
Unravelling Social Constructionism

Social constructionist research is an area of rapidly expanding influence that has brought together theorists from a range of different disciplines. At the same time, however, it has fuelled the development of a new set of divisions. There would appear to be an increasing uneasiness about the implications of a thoroughgoing constructionism, with some regarding it as both theoretically parasitic and politically paralysing. In this paper I review these debates and clarify some of the issues involved. My main argument is that social constructionism is not best understood as a unitary paradigm and that one very important difference is between what Edwards (1997) calls its ontological and epistemic forms. I argue that an appreciation of this distinction not only exhausts many of the disputes that currently divide the constructionist community, but also takes away from the apparent radicalism of much of this work.
Life Events and Schizophrenia: II. Impact of Life Events on Symptom Configuration

• This study investigates the impact of life events on symptom configuration in a group of 132 posthospitalized schizophrenics living in the community. Multivariate techniques were used to isolate specific dimensions of symptoms and to study the influence of life events, viewed in terms of number, the psychological control dimension, and qualitative nature, in contrast to other factors thought to determine symptoms. Life events exert their greatest influence on nonpsychotic symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and somatic concerns. Aspects of psychotic behavior such as grandiosity, delusions, and looseness of associations appear to be somewhat vulnerable to the impact of life events, particularly those events that are undesirable, social losses, and beyond individual psychological control. We discuss the findings in relation to the issue of causal effect in the study of life events and psychiatric impairment.
Factors Affecting the Length of Responses in Field Investigative Interviews of Children (FIIC) in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

In this study some of the most prominent variables considered to facilitate interviewee responses in the literature of field investigative interviews of children (FIIC) are reviewed and included in the analysis of 100 FIICs. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that of all the variables, the interviewer's utterances had the most impact on the children's responses, with the open questions eliciting the longest answers. The variable to follow was the children's age, with the oldest children yielding longer responses than the younger children to the open questions. Contrary to the hypothesis, the interviewer's competence, children's gender, and time of interview had little impact on the length of the children's responses. Possible explanations for the results are discussed.
Correcting menu usability problems with sound

Future human-computer interfaces will use more than just graphical output to display information. In this paper we suggest that sound and graphics together can be used to improve interaction. We describe an experiment to improve the usability of standard graphical menus by the addition of sound. One common difficulty is slipping off a menu item by mistake when trying to select it. One of the causes of this is insufficient feedback. We designed and experimentally evaluated a new set of menus with much more salient audio feedback to solve this problem. The results from the experiment showed a significant reduction in the subjective effort required to use the new sonically-enhanced menus along with significantly reduced error recovery times. A significantly larger number of errors were also corrected with sound.
A comparison of preschoolers' recall of experienced versus non‐experienced events across multiple interviews

Preschool children's recall of both experienced and non-experienced activities was examined across three interviews. One hundred and six children aged 4 to 5 years (58 males, 48 females) from both low and high socioeconomic status areas participated in an event called the Deakin Activities, which consisted of two experienced activities. One or two days later, the children were asked to recall what happened in the two activities and an activity they had not experienced which was suggested to have occurred along with the experienced activities. Next, children were given false suggestions about one of the experienced (true-biased) activities and the non-experienced (false) activity. For the remaining experienced (true-unbiased) activity, no questions were asked. Three and eight days after the activities were presented, children were again required to recall all three activities in their own words while a variety of suggestive techniques were used as encouragers. The results revealed that irrespective of the SES group, assent rates across the true and false activities became more similar after the first interview. Furthermore, children's narratives about the false activity became more similar in detail, structure and quality to their narratives about the true activities across interviews. However, the rate of fantastic/improbable details was higher for the false activity compared to the true activities, children reported more interviewer suggestions about the false activity than the true-biased activity, and there were fewer confabulation errors reported about the false activity compared to the true activities. The implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remodelling of the pulmonary arteries during recovery from pulmonary hypertension induced by neonatal hypoxia

Little is understood of the mechanisms involved in reducing pulmonary arterial wall thickness on recovery from pulmonary hypertension and the present study sought to clarify the events that occur. Piglets were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 3 days, either from birth or from 3 days of age, and others were exposed for 11 days starting at 3 days. All recovered in room air for up to 6 days. Using light and electron microscopy, the pulmonary artery wall thickness, the relative contribution of smooth muscle and matrix, smooth muscle cell replication, and apoptosis were assessed after hypoxic exposure and during recovery from hypoxic exposure. In elastic arteries, after 6 days' recovery in room air, a reduction in wall thickness to normal was associated with a similar reduction in proportional area of smooth muscle cells and matrix (p < 0.05), increased apoptosis (p < 0.05), and an abnormally low replication rate (p < 0.05). In peripheral muscular arteries, an increase in external diameter, and wall thinning on recovery, was achieved by smooth muscle cell remodelling and a reduction in cell replication (p < 0.05). Apoptosis did not contribute. Thus, different mechanisms are involved in recovery from hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension in elastic and muscular pulmonary arteries. Recovery is slower in animals exposed from birth rather than from 3 days of age. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Nature and Frequency of Cyber Bullying Behaviors and Victimization Experiences in Young Canadian Children

As access to technology is increasing in children and adolescents, there are growing concerns over the dangers of cyber bullying. It remains unclear what cyber bullying looks like among young Canadian children and how common these experiences are. In this study, we examine the psychometric properties of a measure of cyber bullying behaviors and victimization experiences. We also examine the frequency of these behaviors and experiences among fifth- and sixth-grade Canadian children at the beginning (n = 714) and end (n = 638) of a school year. Children’s cyber bullying behaviors and victimization experiences were relatively stable across the school year and were highest for sixth-grade students who reported greater access to and use of technology. Cyber bullying behaviors representing joking around were endorsed more frequently than aggressive types of behaviors (i.e., spreading rumours or posting embarrassing pictures online). Implications for school-based prevention efforts are discussed.
Absence of light-induced proton extrusion in a cotA-less mutant of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803

cotA of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 was isolated as a gene that complemented a mutant defective in CO2 transport and is homologous to cemA that encodes a chloroplast envelope membrane protein (A. Katoh, K.S. Lee, H. Fukuzawa, K. Ohyama, and T. Ogawa, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:4006-4010, 1996). A mutant (M29) constructed by replacing cotA in the wild-type (WT) Synechocystis strain with the omega fragment was unable to grow in BG11 medium (approximately 17 mM Na+) at pH 6.4 or at any pH in a low-sodium medium (100 microM Na+) under aeration with 3% (vol/vol) CO2 in air. The WT cells grew well in the pH range between 6.4 and 8.5 in BG11 medium but only at alkaline pH in the low-sodium medium. Illumination of the WT cells resulted in an extrusion followed by an uptake of protons. In contrast, only proton uptake was observed for the M29 mutant in the light without proton extrusion. There was no difference in sodium uptake activity between the WT and mutant. The mutant still possessed 51% of the WT CO2 transport activity in the presence of 15 mM NaCl. On the basis of these results we concluded that cotA has a role in light-induced proton extrusion and that the inhibition of CO2 transport in the M29 mutant is a secondary effect of the inhibition of proton extrusion.
Apsidal motion in the massive binary HD 152248

Context. The eccentric massive binary HD 152248 (also known as V1007 Sco), which hosts two O7.5 III-II(f) stars, is the most emblematic eclipsing O-star binary in the very young and rich open cluster NGC 6231. Its properties render the system an interesting target for studying tidally induced apsidal motion. Aims. Measuring the rate of apsidal motion in such a binary system gives insight into the internal structure and evolutionary state of the stars composing it. Methods. A large set of optical spectra was used to reconstruct the spectra of the individual binary components and establish their radial velocities using a disentangling code. Radial velocities measured over seven decades were used to establish the rate of apsidal motion. We furthermore analysed the reconstructed spectra with the CMFGEN model atmosphere code to determine stellar and wind properties of the system. Optical photometry was analysed with the Nightfall binary star code. A complete photometric and radial velocity model was constructed in PHOEBE 2 to determine robust uncertainties. Results. We find a rate of apsidal motion of (1.843−0.083+0.064)° yr−1. The photometric data indicate an orbital inclination of (67.6−0.1+0.2)° and Roche-lobe filling factors of both stars of about 0.86. Absolute masses of 29.5−0.4+0.5 M⊙ and mean stellar radii of 15.07−0.12+0.08 R⊙ are derived for both stars. We infer an observational value for the internal structure constant of both stars of 0.0010 ± 0.0001. Conclusions. Our in-depth analysis of the massive binary HD 152248 and the redetermination of its fundamental parameters can serve as a basis for the construction of stellar evolution models to determine theoretical rates of apsidal motion to be compared with the observational one. In addition, the system hosts two twin stars, which offers a unique opportunity to obtain direct insight into the internal structure of the stars.
A location-aware publish/subscribe framework for parameterized spatio-textual subscriptions

With the rapid progress of mobile Internet and the growing popularity of smartphones, location-aware publish/subscribe systems have recently attracted significant attention. Different from traditional content-based publish/subscribe, subscriptions registered by subscribers and messages published by publishers include both spatial information and textual descriptions, and messages should be delivered to relevant subscribers whose subscriptions have high relevancy to the messages. To evaluate the relevancy between spatio-textual messages and subscriptions, we should combine the spatial proximity and textual relevancy. Since subscribers have different preferences - some subscribers prefer messages with high spatial proximity and some subscribers pay more attention to messages with high textual relevancy, it calls for new location-aware publish/subscribe techniques to meet various needs from different subscribers. In this paper, we allow subscribers to parameterize their subscriptions and study the location-aware publish/subscribe problem on parameterized spatio-textual subscriptions. One big challenge is to achieve high performance. To meet this requirement, we propose a filter-verification framework to efficiently deliver messages to relevant subscribers. In the filter step, we devise effective filters to prune large numbers of irreverent results and obtain some candidates. In the verification step, we verify the candidates to generate the answers. We propose three effective filters by integrating prefix filtering and spatial pruning techniques. Experimental results show our method achieves higher performance and better quality than baseline approaches.
Implementing Statistical Criteria to Select Return Forecasting Models: What Do We Learn?

Statistical model selection criteria provide an informed choice of the model with best external (i.e., out-of-sample) validity. Therefore they guard against overfitting ('data snooping'). We implement several model selection criteria in order to verify recent evidence of predictability in excess stock returns and to determine which variables are valuable predictors. We confirm the presence of in-sample predictability in an international stock market dataset, but discover that even the best prediction models have no out-of-sample forecasting power. The failure to detect out-of-sample predictability is not due to lack of power. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
A Miniaturized pH Sensor With an Embedded Counter Electrode and a Readout Circuit

Electrolyte insulator semiconductor capacitors (EISCAPs) show a shift in the measured capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics with changes in the pH of the electrolyte and has the potential to be used as biosensors. The choice of an electrode to the EISCAP is important for reliable measurements. Here, we discuss a silicon-based EISCAP sensor bonded to a glass wafer with an embedded electrode. Three noble metal electrodes (Pt, Au, Ag) are studied for the ease of integration and performance and it is found that the chloridized Ag electrodes exhibit the highest pH sensitivity and the lowest electrode potential drift with time. A readout system that measures the pH of the electrolyte under test is developed and implemented in a programmable system on chip. Calibration of the EISCAP to account for sensor process variations is also incorporated. The pH measurement data on the miniaturized EISCAPs is presented.
On the Problem of Over-researched Communities: The Case of the Shatila Palestinian Refugee Camp in Lebanon

Concerns about the problem of over-research have been reported in communities around the world, and across a wide range of fields of social science research practice for decades. Yet, despite this, over-research remains under-addressed by social scientists as a significant research concern. In this article, we discuss the problem of over-research as articulated by the residents of the Shatila Palestinian refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon – a camp which is probably one of the most heavily researched neighbourhoods anywhere, and certainly within the Palestinian diaspora. Concerns voiced by Shatila residents focus on three issues, in particular: the relationship of research to expectations and promises of social change; alienation from researcher practices and questions and misgivings about researcher identities and agendas; and the impact of research on social relationships and identities within the Shatila camp itself.
Childhood leprosy through the post-leprosy-elimination era: a retrospective analysis of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of disease over eleven years from a tertiary care hospital in North India.

BACKGROUND Children are believed to be the most vulnerable group for leprosy and childhood leprosy reflects disease transmission in the community as well as the efficiency of ongoing disease control programmes. Objectives: To study the epidemiological and clinical trends of childhood cases of leprosy at a tertiary care hospital in North India during 2001-2011. METHODS A retrospective study was undertaken analysing the clinic records of children with leprosy less than or equal to 18 years registered at the leprosy clinic of this institute over an 11-year period. Demographic and disease characteristics including age, sex, history of contact, duration of disease, clinical pattern, bacteriological and histopathological parameters, reactions and disabilities were noted from a predesigned format. RESULTS A total of 1225 cases of leprosy were registered during this period, of whom 59 (4·81%) were children. The mean age of the patients was 10·06 ± 3·35 years with a male preponderance (3·9: 1). History of close contact with a leprosy case was present in 15 (25·4%) patients. Mean duration of illness before diagnosis was 18·5 months (range: 1-70 months). Borderline tuberculoid (BT) was the commonest clinical type in 40 children (67·8%), followed by lepromatous (LL) in 7 (11·9%), borderline lepromatous (BL) in 6 (10·1%), pure neuritic (PNL) in 2 (3·4%), tuberculoid (TT), mid-borderline (BB), histoid and indeterminate leprosy in 1 patient (1·7%) each. Lesions were located over upper extremity in 32 (54·2%), lower extremity in 29 ( 49·2% ), face in 27 ( 45·8%) and trunk in 26 ( 44·1%) patients. A single lesion was observed in 23 (39%), 2-5 lesions in 12 (20·3%) and more than five lesions in 22 (37·3%) children. The slit skin smear was positive in 17 (28·8%) patients. Lepra reactions were observed in 20 patients (33·9%), of whom 14 (70%) had Type 1, and six (30%) had Type 2 lepra reaction. Thickened peripheral nerve trunks were present in 48 (81·4%) children, of which, 27 (56-3%) had more than one thickened nerve and 21 (43·7%) had only a single nerve involved. Neuritis occurred in 9 (15·3%) and disability (both· grade 1 and 2) at the time of diagnosis was noted in 24 (40-7%) patients. Six (10·2%) children defaulted from treatment. Three cases (5·1%) of relapse were observed. CONCLUSIONS Childhood leprosy cases and their complications continue to present in alarming numbers in India and this suggests possible gaps in the national programmes aimed at leprosy elimination. We stress the importance of continuous and sustained efforts for early case detection in the community in general, and close follow-up of susceptible children amongst household contacts of leprosy cases in the post-leprosy-elimination era.
Food Deserts, Oases, or Mirages?

In light of claims that many low-income urban neighborhoods are “food deserts,” this article reports on pilot research to assess whether and how small, full-service food retailers contribute to urban food security. It demonstrates that such stores meet many of the criteria for community food security by providing a wide variety of relatively low-cost foods. At the same time, their geographic unevenness, tendency to target particular ethnic clienteles, and inability to address affordability in an absolute sense place some caveats on the conclusions and suggest the need for more fine-grained research regarding how the unique economic development histories and cultural politics of neighborhoods affect food availability.
Self-directed learning: an alternative form of training

Undervisningsdifferentiering i engelsk, fransk, tysk. DK Vejle: Kroghs forlag. HUTTUNEN, I. (1986). Towards learner autonomy in foreign language learning in senior secondary school. Oulu, University of Oulu: Acta Universitatis Ouluensis, Series E, no. 3. HUTTUNEN, I. (ed.) (1994). Miten oppilas kehittyisi paremmakUppsala. si kielten oppijaksi? [How could a student become a better learner of languages? ] Reports of the Council of Europe's Modern Language Project. Oulu: University of Oulu, Faculty of Educational Sciences. 55/1994. HUTTUNEN, I. (forthcoming) Metacognition in the process of development towards learner autonomy. University of