Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ECPB: Efficient Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme Supporting Batch Verification for VANETs

In this paper, we introduce an efficient Conditional Privacy-Preserving authentication scheme (ECPB) based on group signature for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Although group signature is widely used in VANETs for security requirements, the existing schemes based on group signatures suffer longer computational delays in the certificate revocation list (CRL) checking and in the signature verification process, leading to lower verification efficiency. In our scheme, membership validity (a validity period) is required when a vehicle applies for a group member and this validity is used to check whether the vehicle is still a group member or not, which can be used as a substitute for the CRL checks. Neglecting the CRL checks will sharply decrease the costs incurred in the signatures verification. In addition, our proposed scheme also supports batch verification. Experimental analysis proves that our proposed scheme exhibit improved efficiency over the existing schemes, in terms of verification delay and average delay.
Children’s Understanding of Globes as a Model of the Earth: A problem of contextualizing

Visual representations play an important role in science teaching. The way in which visual representations may help children to acquire scientific concepts is a crucial test in the debate between constructivist and socio‐cultural oriented researchers. In this paper, the question is addressed as a problem of how to contextualize conceptions and explanations in cognitive frameworks and visual descriptions in cultural contexts. Eleven children aged 6–8 years were interviewed in the presence of a globe. Those children who expressed views of the Earth that deviated from the culturally accepted view did not show any difficulties in combining these different ideas with the globe model. The way that this is possible is explained using a model of conceptual development as a process of differentiation between contexts and frameworks. The child must differentiate not only between the Earth as an area of flat ground in a common‐sense framework and the planet Earth in a theoretical framework, but also between these frameworks and the framework of the representation. It is suggested that a differentiation on a meta‐level is needed to distinguish which problems and explanations belong to which cognitive framework. In addition, the children must contextualize the visual description of the Earth in the globe in a cultural context to discern which mode of representation is used.
Can clone detection support quality assessments of requirements specifications?

Due to their pivotal role in software engineering, considerable effort is spent on the quality assurance of software requirements specifications. As they are mainly described in natural language, relatively few means of automated quality assessment exist. However, we found that clone detection, a technique widely applied to source code, is promising to assess one important quality aspect in an automated way, namely redundancy that stems from copy & paste operations. This paper describes a large-scale case study that applied clone detection to 28 requirements specifications with a total of 8,667 pages. We report on the amount of redundancy found in real-world specifications, discuss its nature as well as its consequences and evaluate in how far existing code clone detection approaches can be applied to assess the quality of requirements specifications in practice.
Bee algorithms for solving DNA fragment assembly problem with noisy and noiseless data

DNA fragment assembly problem is one of the crucial challenges faced by computational biologists where, given a set of DNA fragments, we have to construct a complete DNA sequence from them. As it is an NP-hard problem, accurate DNA sequence is hard to find. Moreover, due to experimental limitations, the fragments considered for assembly are exposed to additional errors while reading the fragments. In such scenarios, meta-heuristic based algorithms can come in handy. We analyze the performance of two swarm intelligence based algorithms namely Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and Queen Bee Evolution Based on Genetic Algorithm (QEGA) to solve the fragment assembly problem and report quite promising results. Our main focus is to design meta-heuristic based techniques to efficiently handle DNA fragment assembly problem for noisy and noiseless data.
Catching Up with Men?

This article used a case study to analyse representations of gender and sport in Finland's largest circulating daily newspaper. The textual analysis focused on five sports in which women are relative newcomers: boxing, ski jumping, hammer throwing, triple jump and pole vault. The article examines the different textual strategies that were used to (re)produce the two dominant discourses of trivialization/marginalization and equality.
Efficient Acquisition and Clustering of Local Histograms for Representing Voxel Neighborhoods

In the past years many interactive volume rendering techniques have been proposed, which exploit the neighboring environment of a voxel during rendering. In general on-the-fly acquisition of this environment is infeasible due to the high amount of data to be taken into account. To bypass this problem we propose a GPU preprocessing pipeline which allows to acquire and compress the neighborhood information for each voxel. Therefore, we represent the environment around each voxel by generating a local histogram (LH) of the surrounding voxel densities. By performing a vector quantization (VQ), the high number of LHs is than reduced to a few hundred cluster centroids, which are accessed through an index volume. To accelerate the required computational expensive processing steps, we take advantage of the highly parallel nature of this task and realize it using CUDA. For the LH compression we use an optimized hybrid CPU/GPU implementation of the k-means VQ algorithm. While the assignment of each LH to its nearest centroid is done on the GPU using CUDA, centroid recalculation after each iteration is done on the CPU. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the precomputed data, while the performance is increased by a factor of about 10 compared to previous approaches.
‘How does your teacher help you to make your work better?’ Children's understanding of formative assessment

ABSTRACT This paper on children's perceptions of formative assessment summarizes one important part of the research carried out by our project on teacher feedback which was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council1 over the two years 1994‐5. Our major research questions were: • What sort of feedback do teachers give children? • How do children interpret, understand and act on this feedback? The research involved both teachers and children directly in discussion of feedback and assessment through interviews. Observations and recording in classrooms were also carried out. The findings have shown that the role of feedback is central in learning, and that systematic study in this area can make an important contribution to the conceptual framework of the relationship between teaching, assessment and learning. Our discussions with children provided us with a range of insights into how they perceived feedback, what they felt about it and how they used it. The typology itself is presented in full in Tun.
Conditional Mate Choice Strategies in Humans: Evidence from ‘Lonely Hearts’ Advertisements

Advertisements from 'Lonely Hearts' columns in four US newspapers are used to test hypotheses about mate preferences by male and female humans. We first confirm conventional findings that, in general, men prefer young women whose reproductive value is high while women prefer men who are slightly older than themselves, that women seek resources while men seek physical attractiveness and that women are more choosy than men. We then go on to test a series of predictions derived from the hypothesis that an individual's preferences in these respects are likely to be contingent on what he/she has to offer. We show that women tend to become less demanding as they age (probably because reproductive value declines with age), whereas males become more demanding (probably because resources increase with age), that women (but not men) offering cues of physical attractiveness make higher demands than those that do not, that men (but not women) offering resources make higher demands than those that do not, that men with few resources to offer attempt to offset this disadvantage by offering cues of family commitment, that men and women with dependent offspring make lower demands than those without and that individuals from higher socio-economic groups (who are likely to have more resources to offer) make more demands than those from lower socio-economic groups.
Astronomers Mark Time: Discipline and the Personal Equation

The Argument It is often assumed that all sciences travel the path of increasing precision and quantification. It is also assumed that such processes transcend the boundaries of rival scientific disciplines. The history of the personal equation has been cited as an example: the “personal equation” was the name given by astronomers after Bessel to the differences in measured transit times recorded by observers in the same situation. Later in the nineteenth century Wilhelm Wundt used this phenomenon as a type for his experiments on reaction times. For historians of psychology, this has been taken to be an exemplary case where quantified laboratory science rescued astronomy by showing that this was really a psychological phenomenon measurable only in complication experiments. This paper challenges this story. Astronomers neither ignored, nor despaired of, the personality problem. Instead, the managers of the great observatories developed a new chronometric regime of vigilant surveillance of subordinate observers. The astronomers' solution was thus intimately connected with social and material changes in their way of life: a division of labor in the observatories, a network of observing sites, a mechanization of observation. The paper documents these changes and then presents a study of one case where managers, amateurs, and psychologists clashed for authority over the personality problem. Measurement is given its meaning when situated in specific contexts of styles of work and institutions. Disciplines give meanings to values, and often resist attempts by others to redefine these meanings or to gain authority over measurement. Quantification is not a self-evident nor inevitable process in science's history, but possesses a remarkable cultural history of its own.
EDUCATING PUPILS WITH EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOUR DIFFICULTIES: PEDAGOGY IS THE KEY!

What exactly is the relationship between problem behaviour and learning? Can a clearer understanding of this relationship contribute to an educational response to Emotional and Behaviour Difficulties (EBD)? This writer argues that it can and that pedagogy is the key! Under‐pinning this perspective, is the view that an educational re‐conceptualization of EBD is over‐due, and should involve a consideration of individual differences, teaching and learning. The conclusion reached is that an appropriate response to pupils experiencing EBD is one which is grounded in a model of effective teaching and learning.
Portfolio Choice and Equity Characteristics: Characterizing the Hedging Demands Induced by Return Predictability

This paper examines portfolio allocation across equity portfolios formed on the basis of characteristics like size and book-to- market. In particular, the paper assesses the impact of return predictability on portfolio choice for a multi-period investor with a coefficient of relative risk aversion of 4. Compared to the investor’s allocation in her last period, return predictability with dividend yield causes the investor early in life to tilt her risky-asset portfolio away from high book-to-market stocks and away from small stocks. These results are explained using Merton’s (1973) characterization of portfolio allocation by a multiperiod investor in a continuous time setting. Abnormal returns relative to the investor’s optimal early-life portfolio are also calculated. These abnormal returns are found to exhibit the same cross-sectional patterns as abnormal returns calculated relative to the market portfolio: higher for small than large firms, and higher for high than low book-to-market firms. Thus, hedging demand may be a partial explanation for the high expected returns documented empirically for small firms and high book-to-market firms. However, even with this hedging demand, the investor wants to short-sell the low book-to market portfolio to hold the high book-to-market portfolio. The utility costs of using a value-weighted equity index or of ignoring predictability are also calculated. An investor using a value-weighted equity index would give up a much larger fraction of her wealth to have access to book-to-market portfolios than size portfolios. Finally, while an investor would give up a much larger fraction of her wealth to have access to dividend yield information than term spread information, term spread does have incremental benefits over and above just using dividend yield alone.
Effects of (Mis)Alignment Between Supervisory and Organizational Justice

This study aimed to verify the interactive effects of supervisory and organizational justice on supervisory (satisfaction with supervisor and trust in leadership) and organization-oriented outcomes (perceived psychological contract fulfillment and organizational citizenship behavior). The results of combined polynomial regression with response surface methodology confirmed that the positive interaction effects of justice sources on all measured outcomes are the most pronounced in situations when employees perceive treatment from both sources as fair. However, the effects of the degree and direction of misalignment between sources of justice reflect variously, given the observed outcomes and justice types. Interestingly, if one source is seen as fair and the other as unfair, most often it results in a more negative outcome than in a situation when both sources are perceived as unfair, regardless of target similarity. The obtained results highlight the need for increasing the congruence between organizational systems and supervisors' activities in human resource management processes.
Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Nationalism and War

Introduction: quarrel and impasse in a marriage. Part 1 Theory and method: pride and shame the master emotions alienation and conflict - a theory of interminable conflict. Part 2 Applications: the world social system - the origins of World War I the origins of World War II - Hitler's appeal to the Germans. Conclusion: acknowledgement and reconciliation.
Expression of cyclin E and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 in malignant lymphomas-prognostic implications.

Cyclin E and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 are two important regulators of the G1-S transition modulating the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases. Aberrations in the cell cycle control are often observed in tumors and might even be mandatory in tumor development. To investigate the importance of cell-cycle defects in malignant lymphomas we have characterized the expression of cyclin E and p27 in 105 newly diagnosed lymphomas using immunohistochemistry. A significant, inverse correlation between p27 and cyclin E expression was observed (rs = -.24, P = .02) and both proteins correlated with the S-phase fraction (rs = -.35, P < .001 and rs = . 45, P < .001, respectively). The inverse relationship between p27 expression and proliferation was abrogated in some lymphomas, suggesting that p27 downregulation can represent a genuine aberration. Survival analysis was performed in 105 patients with a median observation time of 86 months. Low p27 and high cyclin E expression were significantly associated with a poor prognosis (P = . 0001 and .03, respectively). In a multivariate Cox analysis, p27 expression, stage, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, grade, and age were independent prognostic factors, in contrast to S-phase fraction and cyclin E expression. This is the first report showing that p27 expression in malignant lymphomas has independent prognostic significance, which necessitates future studies regarding its more precise biological role in lymphoid tumorogenesis.
Characterizing the Influence of Crystal Orientation on Surface Recombination in Silicon Wafers

We present two approaches for evaluating the influence of crystal orientation on surface passivation of silicon wafers using photoluminescence imaging. The methods allow a variety of orientations that are not limited to (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) planes to be studied. The first approach is based on imaging carrier lifetimes in silicon strips containing different surface orientations that have been created from a single monocrystalline silicon wafer via laser cutting. The second approach is based on imaging carrier lifetimes among different grains in multicrystalline silicon wafers, which make use of their random distribution of crystal orientations. Both approaches are demonstrated with silicon-oxide-passivated samples. The results from both methods are consistent with each other, showing that the studied silicon oxide films provide a better passivation on surfaces with higher surface energy, such as (1 0 0) or (1 0 6) surfaces, compared with those with lower surface energy, such as (2 3 5) or (1 1 1) surfaces. The advantages and limitations of both approaches are also discussed and compared.
Body Satisfaction and Eating Disorder Behaviors Among Immigrant Adolescents in North America

Using a province-wide school-based health survey, this article investigated body satisfaction as a mediator of the association between eating disorder behaviors and immigrant status. Participants were a sample of adolescent girls (n = 15,066) and boys (n = 14,200) who completed the 2008 McCreary Centre Society Adolescent Health Survey IV. Hypotheses were tested with general linear models complex samples analyses. Contrary to the hypotheses, adolescents born in North America displayed higher body satisfaction and lower prevalence rates of eating disorder behaviors compared to immigrant adolescents. Body satisfaction partially mediated the association between being born outside North America and binge eating and dieting behaviors for girls and boys, and purging for only boys. For those who had recently immigrated to North America, both boys and girls were more likely to engage in binge eating and display body dissatisfaction, and girls were more likely to diet. Body satisfaction partially mediated the association between the number of years in North America and binge eating for immigrant boys. The findings emphasize the need to understand the role of the immigration process in developing eating disorder behaviors for an adolescent population.
Welfare regimes and educational inequality: a cross‐national exploration

Research on welfare state regimes and research on educational policy share a common concern for the reduction of social inequality. On one hand, welfare state research is typically designed within a comparative approach where scholars investigate similarities and differences in social institutions across selected countries. On the other hand, the basic model of educational policy research is usually country specific and seldom identifies why and how we are to understand cross‐national differences pertaining to social inequality. The goal of the research is to bridge these two areas by testing socio‐economic gradients and educational outcomes among 15 industrialised countries (using 2003 PISA data) from a welfare state perspective. Results support Esping‐Andersen's ‘three worlds’ typology in that the level of between‐school educational inequality is the highest in conservative welfare states and is the lowest in social‐democratic countries.
Immunometabolism in Tuberculosis

Immunometabolism, the study of the relationship between bioenergetic pathways and specific functions of immune cells, has recently gained increasing appreciation. In response to infection, activation of the host innate and adaptive immune cells is accompanied by a switch in the bioenergetic pathway from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, a metabolic remodeling known as the Warburg effect, which is required for the production of antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory effector molecules. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the Warburg effect and discuss its association with the expression of host immune responses in tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We also discuss potential mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect with a focus on the expression and regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), the regulatory subunit of HIF-1, a major transcription regulator involved in cellular stress adaptation processes, including energy metabolism and antimicrobial responses. We also propose a novel hypothesis that Mtb perturbs the Warburg effect of immune cells to facilitate its survival and persistence in the host. A better understanding of the dynamics of metabolic states of immune cells and their specific functions during TB pathogenesis can lead to the development of immunotherapies capable of promoting Mtb clearance and reducing Mtb persistence and the emergence of drug resistant strains.
Three-year incidence and predictors of first-onset of DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in older adults: results from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rates of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders in older adults and to identify sociodemographic, psychopathological, health-related, and stress-related predictors of onset of these disorders. METHOD A nationally representative sample of 8,012 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above was interviewed twice over a period of 3 years, in 2000-2001 and 2004-2005. First incidence of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders was assessed over a period of 3 years using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version. RESULTS The 3-year incidence rates of DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were highest for nicotine dependence (3.38%) and major depressive disorder ([MDD] 3.28%) and lowest for drug use disorder (0.29%) and bipolar II disorder (0.34%). Incidence rates were significantly greater among older women for MDD (99% CI, 1.22-3.13) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; 99% CI, 1.20-4.26) and greater among older men for nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse and dependence. Posttraumatic stress disorder predicted incidence of MDD, bipolar I disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, and GAD, while Cluster B personality disorders predicted incident MDD, bipolar I and II disorders, panic disorder, social phobia, GAD, nicotine dependence, and alcohol dependence. Poor self-rated health increased the risk for the onset of MDD, whereas obesity decreased the incidence of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS Information about disorders that are highly incident in late life and risk factors for the onset of psychiatric disorders among older adults are important for effective early intervention and prevention initiatives.