Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Personality via Conditional Reasoning

People often rely on reasoning processes whose purpose is to enhance the logical appeal of their behavioral choices. These reasoning processes will be referred to as justification mechanisms. People favor only certain types of behaviors and develop justification mechanisms to support them because these behaviors allow them to express underlying dispositions. People with different dispositions are prone to develop different justification mechanisms. Reasoning that varies among individuals due to the use of these different justification mechanisms is described as conditional. A new system for measuring dispositional tendencies, or personality, was based on conditional reasoning. This system was applied to develop measures of achievement motivation and aggression. Initial tests suggested that the measurement system is valid. An additional study examined relationships between conditional reasoning and both self-report and projective measurements of the motives to achieve and to avoid failure.
The loss of transcriptional inhibition by the photoreceptor-cell specific nuclear receptor (NR2E3) is not a necessary cause of enhanced S-cone syndrome

Purpose To investigate functional consequence on photoreceptor-cell specific nuclear receptor (NR2E3) transcriptional activity of enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS) mutations localized in ligand binding domain (LBD). Methods Point mutations were introduced into the LBD of full length and Gal4 chimeric NR2E3 receptors and transcriptional activity was investigated by using transient co-transfection assay on corresponding luciferase reporters. Expression and DNA binding properties of transfected mutant and wild-type receptors were tested by Western blotting and gel shift assay. Results Our analysis show that two ESCS mutations, missense mutations R385P and M407K, abolished NR2E3 repressive activity in the context of full-length and Gal4 chimeric receptors, while W234S and R311Q mutants retained their repressive activity in both assays. All mutant receptors maintained their stability and DNA binding ability. Conclusions These results showed that NR2E3 mutations localized in LBD induce ESCS disease without affecting inhibitory activity as recorded in vitro. This demonstrates the absence of correlation between transcriptional inhibition and ESCS phenotype. This analysis suggests that NR2E3 might have transcriptional activation properties not yet identified.
Impact of Low Rotational Inertia on Power System Stability and Operation

Abstract Large-scale deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has led to significant generation shares of variable RES in power systems worldwide. RES units, notably inverter-connected wind turbines and photovoltaics (PV) that as such do not provide rotational inertia, are effectively displacing conventional generators and their rotating machinery. The traditional assumption that grid inertia is sufficiently high with only small variations over time is thus not valid for power systems with high RES shares. This has implications for frequency dynamics and power system stability and operation. Frequency dynamics are faster in power systems with low rotational inertia, making frequency control and power system operation more challenging. This paper investigates the impact of low rotational inertia on power system stability and operation, contributes new analysis insights and offers impact mitigation options.
Understanding Chinese educational leaders' conceptions in an international education context

This article presents the findings from an interpretative study of an Australian offshore leadership development programme conducted in China from 2002 to 2003. The study explored the conceptions of learning and leadership brought by a group of Chinese educational leaders to the course and investigated the perceived influence of the course upon their conceptions. It was a pre‐ and post‐ comparison case study, inspired by the phenomenographic approach which employed semi‐structured and in‐depth interviews of twenty participants over a 12‐month period. Comparison of their conceptions prior to and after the course indicated an expanded range of, and more complex conceptions. There was a general shift from content/utilitarian‐orientated learning conceptions to meaning/developmental‐orientated conceptions. There was also a shift from task/directive‐orientated conceptions about leadership to motivation/collaborative‐orientated conceptions. This study therefore makes a new contribution to understanding Chinese educational leaders' conceptions of learning and leadership in an international education context. *Ting Wang's manuscript was a finalist in the journal's 2005 graduate manuscript competition. Congratulations! For details of next year's competition, visit the journal's website or contact Michele Acker‐Hocevar at macker@fau.edu
THE EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION IN A MODEL WITH HETEROGENEOUS FIRMS AND CREDIT FRICTIONS

This paper examines the consequences of international financial integration in a two-sector standard incomplete markets model with occupational choice under risk and financial constraints affecting entrepreneurial activity. We endogenize international productivity differences and discuss the implications of international integration for the macroeconomy, inequality, and welfare. Lending countries are characterized by tighter domestic constraints and experience an increase in gross national product, whereas the gross domestic product effect is ambiguous. We conclude that international integration is beneficial only for economies where there are substantial financial constraints on entrepreneurial activity. Otherwise, a majority of households suffer, due to the unequal distribution of welfare gains and losses across the heterogeneous population.
Primer Sets Developed for Functional Genes Reveal Shifts in Functionality of Fungal Community in Soils

Phylogenetic diversity of soil microbes is a hot topic at the moment. However, the molecular tools for the assessment of functional diversity in the fungal community are less developed than tools based on genes encoding the ribosomal operon. Here 20 sets of primers targeting genes involved mainly in carbon cycling were designed and/or validated and the functioning of soil fungal communities along a chronosequence of land abandonment from agriculture was evaluated using them. We hypothesized that changes in fungal community structure during secondary succession would lead to difference in the types of genes present in soils and that these changes would be directional. We expected an increase in genes involved in degradation of recalcitrant organic matter in time since agriculture. Out of the investigated genes, the richness of the genes related to carbon cycling was significantly higher in fields abandoned for longer time. The composition of six of the genes analyzed revealed significant differences between fields abandoned for shorter and longer time. However, all genes revealed significant variance over the fields studied, and this could be related to other parameters than the time since agriculture such as pH, organic matter, and the amount of available nitrogen. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the genes significantly different between fields were not related to the decomposition of more recalcitrant matter but rather involved in degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose.
Social Isolation and Social Support as Correlates of Television Viewing Motivations

Data from three computer-administered panel studies at the University of North Carolina were analyzed to explore relationships between motivations for television viewing and six individual-differences measures, including shyness, loneliness, self-esteem, and three measures of social support. Viewing motivations were supposed to be related to needs arising from two distinct sources: (a) social compensation, which included companionship, pass time, habit, and escape motivations, and (b) mood management, which included relaxation, entertainment, arousal, and information motivations. The results based on a sample of 290 undergraduates revealed that self-esteem and the three other social-support variables correlated positively with the mood-management viewing motive and negatively with the social-compensation viewing motive. Also as hypothesized, shyness and loneliness correlated positively with the social-compensation viewing motive.
Examining the role of explicit phonetic instruction in native-like and comprehensible pronunciation development: an instructed SLA approach to L2 phonology

This paper reports on an instructed second language acquisition study that investigated the effects of explicit phonetic instruction on second language pronunciation by adopting two different outcome measurements (i.e. a rubric of accentedness as well as comprehensibility). Twenty native Japanese learners of English in ESL (English as a second language) settings participated in the current study and were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. After they received four-hour instruction with the target pronunciation features of English-specific segmentals/æ,f,v,θ,ð,w,l,/, the comprehensibility and perceived foreign accent of the participants’ oral production in English were evaluated by four native English listeners. Results suggested that explicit instruction had a significant effect on comprehensibility especially in the sentence-reading task, although a significant reduction in foreign accent was not obtained in any contexts.
Supporting nomadic agent-based applications in the FIPA agent architecture

A high variety of Quality of Service (QoS) in data transmission over wireless networks creates challenges that have not been adequately addressed in today's Internet-based services. Whereas today's distributed applications may result in treating rapid and extreme changes in QoS as failures, in the nomadic environment comprising wireless data communications we consider them as a usual case. Therefore, the complexity of data transmission should be hidden from the nomadic user and applications and managed by an intelligent middleware. In this paper we present an agent-based middleware providing means for building adaptive applications for nomadic users. Our model introduces two agents for monitoring and controlling the wireless link, a QoS ontology and an efficient way for agent communication over the wireless link. Monitoring and controlling of the link is carried out by Monitor Agent and Control Agent. The ontology defines a QoS terminology and methods to access the services of monitor and control agents. The efficient way for agent communication consists of a bit-efficient encoding of agent messages and a message transport protocol designed for wireless links. Our implementation is built on top of FIPA-compliant agent platform.
Effect of School on Interest in Natural Sciences: A comparison of the Czech Republic, Germany, Finland, and Norway based on PISA 2006

The theme of this paper is students’ interest in future natural sciences‐related careers. It is based on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment survey that in 2006 focused attention on the science literacy achievements of students. The paper uses the methods of linear regression modelling and structural equation modelling in analysing the impact of student family background on the formation of interest in future science‐related educational and occupational careers relative to the impact of school characteristics. An almost negligible impact of family on interest formation was found in the Czech Republic, Germany, Finland, and Norway. On the other hand, the impact of school from the point of view of preparing students for future educational and career trajectories was found to be strong in all countries studied due to their influence on the degree of student awareness of science‐related career opportunities (‘science’, as used in this paper, refers to the natural sciences). From the educational policy point of view, the results support the importance of career guidance.
Shame and Fantasy in Athletes and Dancers

We investigated the differences in internalized shame and fantasy proneness between a group of athletes (n = 99) and a group of dancers (n = 140). We wanted to examine Schoenleber and Berenbaum's model that fantasy is a maladaptive preventive coping strategy for internalized shame. The multivariate analysis of covariance (gender as covariate) analyses indicated that (a) dancers had higher internalized shame and fantasy proneness when compared with athletes and (b) dancers' higher levels of fantasy proneness did not effectively reduce their internalized shame. We recommend that mental health workers who work with dancers and athletes include approaches that encompass shame regulation and that higher fantasy proneness is potentially associated with higher shame.
Innovative wafer-level encapsulation & underfill material for silicon interposer application

This paper is dedicated to the full integration of a new silicone-based material for Molding-Underfilling (MUF) on silicon interposer wafers containing Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) and top dice. The developments were carried out in the frame of “silicon package” where the silicon interposer is either reported on P-BGA or directly assembled on board. After a materials screening with regard to warpage issue, “molding last” was studied with the selected material, including compatibility with temporary bonding debonding, bumping, sawing and report on organic substrate. A focus is made on void-less molding-underfilling process development and wafer level reliability evaluation of first level (die to wafer) interconnections and TSV subjected to thermal cycles. For this study, a molding-last approach using a dry-film lamination process has been chosen. 170μm thick dice have been assembled on 120μm thin silicon interposers having 60μm diameter TSV via-last and encapsulated with optimized wafer-level MUF process. Electrical performances of the 35μm high Cu pillars interconnections have been measured on the interposer backside thanks to TSVs and rerouting. While the daisy chains resistances remained in specifications after molding and pre-conditioning, some electrical failures appeared after 250 thermal cycles. Cross-sections have highlighted cracks in solder joints leading to the development of an improved version of the compound. Finally, a complete test vehicle with a molded-underfilled interposer reported on an organic substrate has been achieved.
Conscious and subconscious attitudes towards English influence in the Nordic countries: evidence for two levels of language ideology

Abstract The article reports on how the present-day influence from English is perceived and assessed in seven Nordic communities. The focus is on comparison, between the seven communities, and between two data sets obtained under different conditions of consciousness. The comparisons show that the populations reproduce the “purism level” of their own community's official language policy in their consciously offered responses to questions in a telephone survey, while the purism–laissez-faire ranking of the communities is turned upside down in a subconsciously offered data set obtained in a speaker evaluation experiment based on the matched-guise technique. In the same way, analyses of how the evaluative reactions correlate with social-group divisions show reproduction and non-reproduction of the stereotypically expected correlations, in the conscious and subconscious conditions respectively.
Utilization of Evaluations of Small-scale Innovative Educational Projects

Evaliiations were in tended to be an integral part of the national effort to substantially upgrade our educational system under the provisions of the Elementary and Secondary Educa t ion Act of 1965 (ESEA), but there is some doubt whether it actually played that role. The evaluations of Title IV-C projects in the State of Minnesota funded in FY 1975 and FY 1976 are the focus of this study; its purpose is to examine educat ional evaluation utilization by addressing the following questions: (1) What is the reported level of utilization of the 47 evaluations examined? , (2) What factors are related to the reported level of utilization? , and (3) How is the level of utilization related to the role of eva lua t ion in the process of p lanned change? Before describing the study, a review of the utilization l i terature wil l be provided as the structure in which the study is embedded.
Inequalities in access to diabetes care: evidence from a historical cohort study

Objective—To establish which factors predict attendance at a hospital diabetes clinic and for diabetes review in general practice. Design—A historical cohort study of individuals with diabetes identified from general practice records. Information on service contacts and other clinical, social, and demographic variables was collected from general practice records and postal questionnaires. Setting—Seven Leicestershire general practices. Subjects—Individuals registered with study practices who had a diagnosis of diabetes made before 1990. Main outcome measurements—Attendance at a hospital diabetes clinic or for a documented diabetes review in general practice at least once between 1990 and 1995. Results—124 (20%) had at least one recorded diabetes review in general practice and 332 (54%) attended a hospital diabetes clinic at least once. The main predictors of attending a hospital clinic were younger age, longer duration of diabetes, and treatment with insulin. Access to a car (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.71), home ownership (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.58) and a non-manual occupation (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.24) were all associated with an increased likelihood of attending, although living in a less deprived area was not. The main predictors of attending for review in general practice were older age, less co-morbidity, and being white. Living in a more deprived area was related to a reduced chance of review in general practice (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.86) while individual socioeconomic indicators were not. Conclusions—Whilst an indicator of area deprivation predicts reduced likelihood of review in general practice, individual indicators predict reduced likelihood of attending outpatients. This suggests a need for different approaches to tackling inequalities in access to care in primary and secondary care settings. (Quality in Health Care 2000;9:85–89)
A Large-Scale Pseudoword-Based Evaluation Framework for State-of-the-Art Word Sense Disambiguation

The evaluation of several tasks in lexical semantics is often limited by the lack of large amounts of manual annotations, not only for training purposes, but also for testing purposes. Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a case in point, as hand-labeled datasets are particularly hard and time-consuming to create. Consequently, evaluations tend to be performed on a small scale, which does not allow for in-depth analysis of the factors that determine a systems' performance.In this paper we address this issue by means of a realistic simulation of large-scale evaluation for the WSD task. We do this by providing two main contributions: First, we put forward two novel approaches to the wide-coverage generation of semantically aware pseudowords (i.e., artificial words capable of modeling real polysemous words); second, we leverage the most suitable type of pseudoword to create large pseudosense-annotated corpora, which enable a large-scale experimental framework for the comparison of state-of-the-art supervised and knowledge-based algorithms. Using this framework, we study the impact of supervision and knowledge on the two major disambiguation paradigms and perform an in-depth analysis of the factors which affect their performance.
Social Work with Aboriginal Clients: Perspectives on Educational Preparation and Practice

Abstract The many Aboriginal and non Aboriginal social workers who work with Aboriginal communities to address health and socioeconomic disadvantage have a key role to play in reducing the continuing inequalities experienced by many Aboriginal clients in Australia. The need for more culturally-responsive practice is well recognised, as historic barriers to effective practice and relationships persist. This paper describes the views of Aboriginal people about the knowledge that social workers need to possess for effective work with Aboriginal clients, and the ways that this might be learned. Four focus groups with 30 urban Aboriginal community members identified three key areas of knowledge: Aboriginal history and its impact; cultural knowledge (including family and community structures); and the impact of social work interventions. Suggested methods for learning include building consultation and community connections, and field-education placements. The paper recommends that social work education prepares students for more effective practice with Aboriginal client groups by incorporating these content areas and methods into the core curricula.
Negative BOLD in default-mode structures measured with EEG-MREG is larger in temporal than extra-temporal epileptic spikes

Introduction: EEG-fMRI detects BOLD changes associated with epileptic interictal discharges (IED) and can identify epileptogenic networks in epilepsy patients. Besides positive BOLD changes, negative BOLD changes have sometimes been observed in the default-mode network, particularly using group analysis. A new fast fMRI sequence called MREG (Magnetic Resonance Encephalography) shows increased sensitivity to detect IED-related BOLD changes compared to the conventional EPI sequence, including frequent occurrence of negative BOLD responses in the DMN. The present study quantifies the concordance between the DMN and negative BOLD related to IEDs of temporal and extra-temporal origin. Methods: Focal epilepsy patients underwent simultaneous EEG-MREG. Areas of overlap were calculated between DMN regions, defined as precuneus, posterior cingulate, bilateral inferior parietal and mesial prefrontal cortices according to a standardized atlas, and significant negative BOLD changes revealed by an event-related analysis based on the timings of IED seen on EEG. Correlation between IED number/lobe of origin and the overlap were calculated. Results: 15 patients were analyzed, some showing IED over more than one location resulting in 30 different IED types. The average overlap between negative BOLD and DMN was significantly larger in temporal (23.7 ± 19.6 cm3) than extra-temporal IEDs (7.4 ± 5.1 cm3, p = 0.008). There was no significant correlation between the number of IEDs and the overlap between DMN structures and negative BOLD areas. Discussion: MREG results in an increased sensitivity to detect negative BOLD responses related to focal IED in single patients, with responses often occurring in DMN regions. In patients with high overlap with the DMN, this suggests that epileptic IEDs may be associated with a brief decrease in attention and cognitive ability. Interestingly this observation was not dependent on the frequency of IED but more common in IED of temporal origin.
Collective identities, friends, enemies

Abstract This essay explores the inherent issues, questions and complexities that surround the notion of the European cultural identities. The article points out that, quite apart from the economic entities that constitute the European continent, Europe is abo a problematic socio‐cultural and socio‐political entity. The socio‐cultural and geo‐political legacy of the Cold War as well as the perceived cultural threat west of the Atlantic, have seriously questioned what the term ‘European identity’ means. The issue of European and national identity, with all its political connotations, however, will play a central role in the changes of the European cultural and political space in the years to come. This essay provides both theoretical and historical reflections on how these factors will shape the developments of the future.