Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaling laws for non-Euclidean plates and the W^{2,2} isometric immersions of Riemannian metrics

Recall that a smooth Riemannian metric on a simply connected domain can be realized as the pull-back metric of an orientation preserving deformation if and only if the associated Riemann curvature tensor vanishes identically. When this condition fails, one seeks a deformation yielding the closest metric realization. We set up a variational formulation of this problem by introducing the non-Euclidean version of the nonlinear elasticity functional, and establish its Γ-convergence under the proper scaling. As a corollary, we obtain new necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a W 2,2 isometric immersion of a given 2d metric into R 3 .
The contribution of economic freedom to world economic growth

This invention relates to a process for the production of lithium chloride substantially free of lithium salts of chlorine oxygen acids through substantially quantitative conversion of chlorine in a gas stream to lithium chloride. Chlorine in a gas stream is absorbed in a substantially saturated solution of lithium hydroxide until the lithium hydroxide is converted to a solution of lithium chloride containing lithium salts of chlorine oxygen acids. The latter solution is then treated with ammonia to convert lithium hypochlorite and lithium chlorite present therein to lithium chloride followed by acidification of the solution and treatment with an organic reducing agent to convert lithium chlorate and lithium perchlorate therein to lithium chloride.
Functional consequences of S1P receptor modulation in rat oligodendroglial lineage cells

Fingolimod (FTY720) and its phosphorylated form FTY720P are modulators of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) receptors, which are G‐protein coupled receptors linked to cell migration and vascular maturation. The efficacy of FTY720 in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and its animal models has been attributed to its inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking to target organs. In this study, we examined the role of S1P receptors in cultured rat oligodendrocytes (OLGs) and OLG progenitor cells (OPCs) using the active phosphorylated form of FTY720. We found that (1) FTY720P improves the survival of neonatal rat OLGs during serum withdrawal, which is associated with the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and Akt; (2) FTY720P regulates OPC differentiation into OLGs in a concentration‐dependent manner; and (3) S1P receptors are differentially modulated by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) resulting in downregulation of S1P5 and upregulation of S1P1 in OPCs. In addition, siRNA studies revealed that S1P1 participates in PDGF‐induced OPC mitogenesis. We conclude that S1P1 and S1P5 serve different functions during oligodendroglial development, and possibly during remyelination. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Illumination with monochromatic long-wavelength light promotes myopic shift and ocular elongation in newborn pigmented guinea pigs

The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-wavelength light (760 nm) promotes myopic shift in newborn guinea pigs during eye development. Newborn guinea pigs were raised in different types of illumination: long-wavelength light, mixed-wavelength light, and normal light. The guinea pigs that received long-wavelength light were raised in the illumination of long-wavelength light for 4 weeks and in the illumination of mixed light for another 2 weeks. The other animals were raised in the illumination of mixed light or normal light for 6 weeks. All the animals had measurements of refractive status and biometric parameters before and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after being raised in the illumination. Guinea pigs raised in long-wavelength light illumination developed a significant myopia, compared with those raised in mixed-light illumination after 4 weeks. Two weeks of recovery eliminated the refractive differences between the long-wavelength group and the mixed-light group. Compared with the guinea pigs raised in normal conditions, the guinea pigs raised in long-wavelength and mixed lights were more myopic and also showed longer vitreous chamber depth at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. These data suggest that illumination with monochromatic long-wavelength light may lead to myopia and to an abnormal visual experience in newborn pigmented guinea pigs.
Unsupervised Learning of Video Representations using LSTMs

We use Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks to learn representations of video sequences. Our model uses an encoder LSTM to map an input sequence into a fixed length representation. This representation is decoded using single or multiple decoder LSTMs to perform different tasks, such as reconstructing the input sequence, or predicting the future sequence. We experiment with two kinds of input sequences - patches of image pixels and high-level representations ("percepts") of video frames extracted using a pretrained convolutional net. We explore different design choices such as whether the decoder LSTMs should condition on the generated output. We analyze the outputs of the model qualitatively to see how well the model can extrapolate the learned video representation into the future and into the past. We further evaluate the representations by finetuning them for a supervised learning problem - human action recognition on the UCF-101 and HMDB-51 datasets. We show that the representations help improve classification accuracy, especially when there are only few training examples. Even models pretrained on unrelated datasets (300 hours of YouTube videos) can help action recognition performance.
Towards an Empirical Foundation for Assessing Bayesian Optimization of Hyperparameters

Progress in practical Bayesian optimization (BO) is hampered by the fact that the only available standard benchmarks are artificial test functions that are not representative of practical applications. To alleviate this problem, we introduce a library of benchmarks from the prominent application of hyperparameter optimization and use it to compare Spearmint, TPE, and SMAC, three recent BO methods for hyperparameter optimization.
Different Prevalence of Thromboembolism in the Subtypes of Congenital Antithrombin III Deficiency:Review of 404 Cases

Congenital antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency is an heterogeneous disorder. The variants of the disease have been classified into 2 types and 5 subtypes (1, 2), as follows: Type I: low functional and immunoreactive AT III; subtype la: reduced synthesis and/or increased turnover of a normal molecule; subtype lb: reduced synthesis and/or increased turnover of AT III molecules with abnormal heparin-binding properties; type II: low functional but normal immunoreactive AT III; subtype IIa: func­ tional abnormalities involving both the active and the heparin­ binding sites; subtype IIb: functional abnormalities limited to the active site; subtype lie: functional abnormalities limited to the heparin-binding site. To establish whether these subtypes are associated with a different risk of thromboembolism we reviewed the clinical history of 404 cases of congenital AT III deficiency, 401 lieteiozygous and 3 homozygous, belongig to 82 families, hitherto reported in literature. The chi square method has been used for statistics. The results are shown in the Tahir. The prevalence rate of thromboembolism in nil the 404 eases analyzed was 51%, accoiding to pieviuusly published data (3). Similar values were observed for variants I a, Tb, II a and IIb. Two striking differences were noted for variant lie (4-13): 1. the prevalence rate of thromboembolism in heterozygous was 6%, significantly lower than in the other variants, 2. all the three homozygous reported m literature belong to this variant and had thrombosis. These differences cannot be explained by age, since the median age of patients with subtype lie is similar to that of patients with other subtypes. Our analysis confirms and extends recent observations that the incidence of thrombotic events in patients with isolated heparin cofactor defects is low (13, 14). The clinical picture of variant lie is peculiar and, in some cases, suggestive of a recessive pattern of inheritance. Since this variant is characterized by a discrete alteration limited to the heparin-AT III reaction, it appears that in the heterozygous state the functional defects involving only the heparin-binding properties of the molecule are clinically milder than those affecting the active (anti-thrombin and anti-Xa) site. Nevertheless, the presence of thrombosis in all the homozygous lie patients indicates that the AT Ill-heparin interaction is physiologically relevant “in vivo”. Finally, the present analysis shows that the characterization of the subtype in inherited AT III deficient families is clinically important and should be done in all cases.
Kinematics of the Høybakken detachment zone and the Møre–Trøndelag Fault Complex, central Norway

The tectonic disintegration of the Caledonian orogen through combined extension, contraction and strike-slip was characterized by spatial and temporal strain partitioning through a period of at least 30 Ma. Early to Mid-Devonian exhumation of the Central Norway basement window was associated with retrograde, top-to-the-SW extensional shearing in the Høybakken detachment zone, sinistral shearing along the Møre–Trøndelag Fault Complex, and formation of extension-parallel folds. Progressive exhumation led to increasing strain localization and to the transition from ductile to brittle deformation. In the interval between c. 370 and 320 Ma, the Høybakken detachment fault cut previously folded detachment mylonites, capturing mylonites in its hanging wall. 40Ar/39Ar mica and K-feldspar ages indicate a Late Devonian or younger age for the uppermost parts of the adjacent ‘Old Red’ basin. Gentle folding of this stratigraphic level attests to the continuation of shortening and orogen-oblique extension into Late Devonian–Carboniferous time. Shortening was intensified along strands of the Møre–Trøndelag Fault Complex, as shown by mutually cross-cutting reverse and strike-slip faults. ‘Flower structures’ may be particularly common in constrictional strain systems where strike-slip faults develop parallel to the principal elongation trend, but normal to the principal axis of shortening.
Isolation of Amino Acid Transport-negative Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Cells with Repressed Transport Activity

Methods are described for the isolation of amino acid transport-negative mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for the preparation of cells with repressed, specific amino acid permeases. P. aeruginosa was resistant to high concentrations of the majority of the 53 amino acid analogues examined and was unaffected by low concentrations of any of them. Cells which had been grown in the presence of sublethal concentrations of the few analogues which were inhibitory were subsequently more resistant to the analogues. These cells were also defective in the transport of the corresponding amino acid, as the analogue caused repression of the synthesis of the specific amino acid permease. The cells with repressed transport activity rapidly regained their normal level of constitutive permease when grown in the absence of the analogue. Higher levels of the permeases were induced when these cells were grown in the presence of the appropriate amino acid. The possible mechanisms for the mode of regulation of amino acid permeases are discussed.
Shrink to Fit or Prune to Strengthen: Adapting the Strategic Plan in an Academic Library as Response to Environmental Change

Abstract In this study, we intend to observe how a strategic plan can be used as a risk management tool, in the scope of academic libraries. Risk is perceived by individuals and institutions when faced with environmental changes that threaten stability or integrity. In libraries, these changes show in structural alterations, that is, in decreasing human, material, and financial resources; this implies having to develop strategies to accommodate new situations. Inspired by concepts from the fields of management and psychology, this article analyzes risk management and strategic planning as an adaptive response to change. This idea is furthered with the case study of a university library, which shows how adapting to such challenges is possible. We report a management strategy that includes a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis about the performance of the library, and the subsequent reorganization of fields of action and redefinition of goals and tasks. The strategy comprises all the efforts made by the library to deal with specific demands, both internal and external, which triggered stress situations and coping with them, revealing a successful adaptation in light of change. The study concludes that reducing and concentrating efforts is one way to respond to everyday organizational challenges, looked upon as risks. This case can serve as an example and source of inspiration for other libraries dealing with diminished resources.
Pre-miR-146a (rs2910164 G>C) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Genetically and Functionally Associated with Leprosy

Mycobacterium leprae infects macrophages and Schwann cells inducing a gene expression program to facilitate its replication and progression to disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and could be involved during the infection. To address the genetic influence of miRNAs in leprosy, we enrolled 1,098 individuals and conducted a case-control analysis in order to study four miRNAs genes containing single nucleotide polymorphism (miRSNP). We tested miRSNP-125a (rs12975333 G>T), miRSNP-223 (rs34952329 *>T), miRSNP-196a-2 (rs11614913 C>T) and miRSNP-146a (rs2910164 G>C). Amongst them, miRSNP-146a was the unique gene associated with risk to leprosy per se (GC OR = 1.44, p = 0.04; CC OR = 2.18, p = 0.0091). We replicated this finding showing that the C-allele was over-transmitted (p = 0.003) using a transmission-disequilibrium test. A functional analysis revealed that live M. leprae (MOI 100∶1) was able to induce miR-146a expression in THP-1 (p<0.05). Furthermore, pure neural leprosy biopsies expressed augmented levels of that miRNA as compared to biopsy samples from neuropathies not related with leprosy (p = 0.001). Interestingly, carriers of the risk variant (C-allele) produce higher levels of mature miR-146a in nerves (p = 0.04). From skin biopsies, although we observed augmented levels of miR-146a, we were not able to correlate it with a particular clinical form or neither host genotype. MiR-146a is known to modulate TNF levels, thus we assessed TNF expression (nerve biopsies) and released by peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with BCG Moreau. In both cases lower TNF levels correlates with subjects carrying the risk C-allele, (p = 0.0453 and p = 0.0352; respectively), which is consistent with an immunomodulatory role of this miRNA in leprosy.
Genetic Diversity Studied on Some Polyembryoinc& Monoembryonic Mango Genotypes using Morphological and Molecular markers

This study was carried out during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons on eight years old trees to study the cross among some mango cultivars (Mangifera indica) monoembryonic (Keitt – Zill – Sensation) and polyembryonic mango (13/1SabraPeetch) on the orchard of the Tropical fruit garden in Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt. Physical and chemical characteristics of fruits were study besides of molecular characterization (RAPD). The data showed that the Keitt cultivar had significantly higher average fruit lengths. On the country, Zill cultivar recorded the lowest one. Also, Keitt cultivar had the biggest in weight fruit followed by Sensation, but Peetch and Zill produced the smallest one. Furthermore, Zill fruit gave the highest values of non-reducing sugar and the lowest one was clear in Peetch fruit. Meanwhile, the total sugar percentages revealed that Zill cultivar recorded the greatest content. The highest value of the acidity percentage was found in Sabra fruit and the lowest value was found in Zill fruit. However, the highest Vit.C was clear in Keitt fruit and the lowest one was shown in 13/1 fruit. Moreover, genetic studies was used to determined genetic variability, relationship and identify unique molecular marker characterizing six mango genotypes and their hybrids using eight of the RAPD primers. Number of polymorphic bands ranged from 5 to 24, detecting 99 polymorphic bands with an average 12.3 bands / primer. The highest number of polymorphic bands (24) was obtained with primer OPO16, representing the highest percentage (100%) of polymorphism. H13 was closely related to Keitt genotype, H5 was closely Zill genotype and Sensation genotype revealed genetic relation with hybrids (H11, H1, H10 and H12).
Complete chloroplast genome of a Mangrove Natural Hybrid, Rhizophora × lamarckii

Abstract Rhizophora × lamarckii is a natural hybrid of R. apiculata and R. stylosa, and it is also an endangered mangrove material in China with the exclusive location in Hainan Island. In this paper, we reported and characterized the complete chloroplast genome sequence of R. × lamarckii by assembling from short reads generated using Illumina sequencing. Total chloroplast genome size was 164,325 bp, including inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,325 bp, separated by a large single copy (LSC) and a small single copy (SSC) of 92,433 bp and 19,244 bp, respectively. A total of 121 genes, including 42 tRNAs, eight rRNAs, and 81 protein-coding genes, were identified. The GC content of R. × lamarckii is 34.67%. Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood algorithm showed that R. × lamarckii is sister to a clade with four species in the order Malpighiales.
Advances and New Technologies towards Clinical Application of Oral Stem Cells and Their Secretome

Oral and dental diseases are major public health problems worldwide with profound effects on quality of life. Recent advances in tissue engineering have raised significant hopes for innovative alternative therapies based on regeneration strategies for tissues in the whole craniofacial area. The discovery and subsequent characterization of stem cells (SCs) from various oral sources, in conjunction with the cutting edge basic research of recent years towards understanding their biology, have expanded and deepened our knowledge of the complex role of SCs in developmental and repair processes. The application of this knowledge in translational studies has been a decisive milestone in bringing these technologies closer to clinical applications. Amazing technological advances, such as bioprinting for fabricating customized biomimetic scaffolds and tissue-specific organoids, development of bioreactors for manipulating the stem cell niche, use of microfluidics for single-cell analysis, and many others, have provided valuable tools for translating scientific advances into clinical settings. The establishment of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) protocols according to European regulations has facilitated feasibility and " proof-of-concept " clinical trials on the application of oral SCs in orofacial tissue regeneration. Most recently, the possibility of using the plethora of secreted trophic and immunomodula-tory cytokines produced by SCs (secretome) as a therapeutic surrogate module for cells has been proposed as a safer alternative to stem cell transplantation, raising the therapeutic dilemma: stem cell or secretome therapy? In this special issue, 9 papers focusing on advances and new technologies towards understanding the activation, recruitment, and clinical application of oral SCs and their secretome have been selected after being peer-reviewed from a number of submissions. These articles encompass multiple components of craniofacial tissue engineering, from teeth to salivary gland regeneration and neurovascular engineering. Some of the papers present novel aspects of the biological characteristics of different oral stem cell populations and their potential to regenerate specific tissues. In particular, K. have coauthored a review article about gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs) as a promising tool to regenerate oral tissues. Using pertinent selections from the literature, the authors have provided a succinct overview of the isolation of G-MSCs, their characterization, and regenerative capacity. Although the available experimental data suggest potential therapeutic applications of G-MSCs, further studies are essential before the clinical use of these specific SCs could become a reality. Recent data also indicate that MSCs isolated from gingival tissue and dental follicles of children may have a multilineage differentiation potential, making them …
Diagnostic Classification of First-Ever Admissions to Chainama Hills Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Summary All new female indigenous Zambian patients (180) admitted to Chainama Hills Hospital from 1 June 1974 to 31 May 1975 were seen by the authors and given a firm diagnosis before they were started on treatment. The diagnostic classification of these patients was compared to that of a similar group of patients (163) admitted to the same hospital from 1 June 1973 to 31 May 1974. Forty-two per cent of the patients in 1974/75 were given a diagnosis of depression as compared to 26 per cent in 1973/74; 14 per cent of those in 1974/75 had a diagnosis of schizophrenia as compared to 21 per cent in 1973/74, and 3 per cent of the patients in 1974/75 fell into the group of ‘not yet diagnosed’ as opposed to 27 per cent in 1973/74. The ‘acute transient psychoses' were noted for their relative rarity in the two groups. A plea is made for all psychiatrists working in Africa to give diagnosis the importance it deserves.
Semi-Supervised Multimodal Deep Learning for RGB-D Object Recognition

This paper studies the problem of RGB-D object recognition. Inspired by the great success of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) in AI, researchers have tried to apply it to improve the performance of RGB-D object recognition. However, DCNN always requires a large-scale annotated dataset to supervise its training. Manually labeling such a large RGB-D dataset is expensive and time consuming, which prevents DCNN from quickly promoting this research area. To address this problem, we propose a semi-supervised multimodal deep learning framework to train DCNN effectively based on very limited labeled data and massive unlabeled data. The core of our framework is a novel diversity preserving co-training algorithm, which can successfully guide DCNN to learn from the unlabeled RGB-D data by making full use of the complementary cues of the RGB and depth data in object representation. Experiments on the benchmark RGB-D dataset demonstrate that, with only 5% labeled training data, our approach achieves competitive performance for object recognition compared with those state-of-the-art results reported by fully-supervised methods.
Numerical simulations of a non-commutative theory: The Scalar model on the fuzzy sphere

We address a detailed non-perturbative numerical study of the scalar theory on the fuzzy sphere. We use a novel algorithm which strongly reduces the correlation problems in the matrix update process, and allows the investigation of different regimes of the model in a precise and reliable way. We study the modes associated to different momenta and the role they play in the ``striped phase'', pointing out a consistent interpretation which is corroborated by our data, and which sheds further light on the results obtained in some previous works. Next, we test a quantitative, non-trivial theoretical prediction for this model, which has been formulated in the literature: The existence of an eigenvalue sector characterised by a precise probability density, and the emergence of the phase transition associated with the opening of a gap around the origin in the eigenvalue distribution. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by our numerical results. Finally, we propose a possible method to detect numerically the non-commutative anomaly predicted in a one-loop perturbative analysis of the model, which is expected to induce a distortion of the dispersion relation on the fuzzy sphere.