Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What English/Language Arts Teacher Candidates Learn During Coursework and Practica

This study investigates the learning reported by a set of volunteer participants from three university teacher education programs: from one Southwestern U.S. University, the program in secondary English/Language Arts Education and the program in Elementary Education; and from one Southeastern U.S. University, the program in secondary English/Language Arts Education. Based on interviews conducted between the end of coursework and the beginning of student teaching, this study uses a sociocultural perspective to consider not only the manner in which the teacher candidates’ learning was mediated by a host of factors, including formal teacher education courses and mentor teacher guidance, but also a wide range of factors that introduced competing conceptions of effective teaching. The interviews were analyzed collaboratively by the two authors, who relied on a sociocultural analysis attending to the pedagogical tools, attribution of learning to specific sources and the settings in which they were located, the areas of teaching in which the tools were applicable, and goals toward which the pedagogical tools were deployed. Findings suggest that even with the three programs having radically different structures and processes, the teacher candidates reported very similar learning, yet with variations conceivably following from their program structures. Furthermore, teacher education emerged as one of several sites of learning named by teacher candidates, rather than serving as their sole or even primary source of learning. The study concludes with a consideration of the many factors that contribute to teacher candidates’ conceptual understanding of effective teaching and the role of teacher education programs within this vast complex of goals, epistemologies, and practices.
Effects of perfusion pressure on tissue perfusion in septic shock

ObjectiveTo measure the effects of increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) on systemic oxygen metabolism and regional tissue perfusion in septic shock. DesignProspective study. SettingMedical and surgical intensive care units of a tertiary care teaching hospital. PatientsTen patients with the diagnosis of septic shock who required pressor agents to maintain a MAP ≥ 60 mm Hg after fluid resuscitation to a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) ≥ 12 mm Hg. InterventionsNorepinephrine was titrated to MAPs of 65, 75, and 85 mm Hg in 10 patients with septic shock. Measurements and Main ResultsAt each level of MAP, hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, PAOP, cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index, and systemic vascular resistance index), metabolic parameters (oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, arterial lactate), and regional perfusion parameters (gastric mucosal Pco2, skin capillary blood flow and red blood cell velocity, urine output) were measured.Increasing the MAP from 65 to 85 mm Hg with norepinephrine resulted in increases in cardiac index from 4.7 ± 0.5 L/min/m2 to 5.5 ± 0.6 L/min/m2 (p < 0.03). Arterial lactate was 3.1 ± 0.9 mEq/L at a MAP of 65 mm Hg and 3.0 ± 0.9 mEq/L at 85 mm Hg (NS). The gradient between arterial Pco2 and gastric intramucosal Pco2 was 13 ± 3 mm Hg (1.7 ± 0.4 kPa) at a MAP of 65 mm Hg and 16 ± 3 at 85 mm Hg (2.1 ± 0.4 kPa) (NS). Urine output at 65 mm Hg was 49 ± 18 mL/hr and was 43 ± 13 mL/hr at 85 mm Hg (NS). As the MAP was raised, there were no significant changes in skin capillary blood flow or red blood cell velocity. ConclusionsIncreasing the MAP from 65 mm Hg to 85 mm Hg with norepinephrine does not significantly affect systemic oxygen metabolism, skin microcirculatory blood flow, urine output, or splanchnic perfusion.
2. MODELING THE ADJUSTMENT OF LOCAL PRICES TO POLICY CHANGES . 3 3. SIMULATING THE ADJUSTMENT OF PRICES TO POLICY CHANGES IN GHANA

The response of local markets to sectoral and macroeconomic policy changes is a key determinant of the long term impact of policy reforms on reforming economies. In other words, changes in arbitrage costs that are associated with policy reforms as well as the level of integration among local markets exert a strong influence of the economic outcome of reform programs. The objective of this paper is to explore this question theoretically and empirically. A model that can be used to capture the long term process that is involved has been developed and tested using data from Ghana. The model is later applied to analyze the outcomes of further liberalization of groundnut markets in Senegal. The findings highlights the potential cost of failing to pay sufficient attention, when liberalizing domestic markets, to the emergence of a competitive and efficient private distribution sector. The results also indicate that, when state-run processing sectors with monopoly power are involved, effective liberalization of pricing and marketing policies in all likelihood would not yield the anticipated benefits, unless accompanied with efforts to improve productivity and cut unit costs of production in the processing sector.
Decomposition of High Angular Resolution Diffusion Images into a Sum of Self-Similar Polynomials on the Sphere

On an extruder for extruding foodstuffs a cutting means consisting of rotatable blades (36, 38, 40, 41) is provided. With the aid of these blades an extruded strand emerging from the nozzle (12) can be cut off or structured at the surface. The cutting blades are driven synchronously.
CCD photometry of the globular cluster NGC 5466. RR Lyrae light‐curve decomposition and the distance scale★

We report the results of CCD V and r photometry of the globular cluster NGC 5466. The difference image analysis technique adopted in this work has resulted in accurate time-series photometry even in crowded regions of the cluster enabling us to discover five probably semiregular variables. We present new photometry of three previously known eclipsing binaries and six SX Phe stars. The light curves of the RR Lyrae stars have been decomposed in their Fourier harmonics and their fundamental physical parameters have been estimated using semi-empirical calibrations. The zero-points of the metallicity, luminosity and temperature scales are discussed and our Fourier results are transformed accordingly. The average iron abundance and distance to the Sun derived from individual RR Lyrae stars, indicate values of [Fe/H] = -1.91 ± 0.19 and D = 16.0 ± 0.6 kpc, or a true distance modulus of 16.02 ± 0.09 mag, for the parent cluster. These values are, respectively, in the Zinn & West metallicity scale and in agreement with recent luminosity determinations for the RR Lyrae stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The M v -[Fe/H] relation has been recalibrated as M v = +(0.18 ± 0.03)[Fe/H] + (0.85 ± 0.05) using the mean values derived by the Fourier technique on RR Lyrae stars in a family of clusters. This equation predicts M v = 0.58 mag for [Fe/H] = -1.5, in agreement with the average absolute magnitude of RR Lyrae stars calculated from several independent methods. The M v -[fe/H] relationship and the value of [Fe/H] have implications on the age of the globular clusters when determined from the magnitude difference between the horizontal branch and the turn-off point (HB-TO method). The above results however would not imply a change in the age of NGC 5466, of 12.5 ± 0.9 Gyr, estimated from recent isochrone fitting.
Shared housing among young adults: avoiding complications in domestic relationships

ABSTRACT One pathway by which young adults in the Western world are navigating housing difficulties is to pragmatically share costs by living or flatting with peers. The current study sought to add to the limited literature on this lifestyle through the application of discursive psychology to understanding the social dynamics of relationships in the intimacy of these households. Data was drawn from interviews with experienced New Zealand house sharers aged 20–35. Analysis is presented of two spontaneous discourses, which emerged, both dealing with competing tensions on the merits of living with couples or single people and friends or strangers. Whereas couples are not averse to sharing with other couples, single people tend to elect to share with unattached individuals. Favouring friends as housemates was the norm among town dwellers, while city folk were more open to flatting with strangers. Talk was driven by the unquestioned value associated with having a working living arrangement, demonstrating the acute awareness young adults have of potential problems that can destabilise or sustain domestic harmony. Valuable insight is provided into the complexity of shared housing relationships as well as contemporary young adulthood.
Ethnic and Gender Differences in Applicants' Decision-Making Processes: An Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action

Although a growing proportion of the new entrants into the workforce consist of women and ethnic minorities, relatively little is known about the recruitment and job choice processes of these applicant groups. Therefore, this study investigated cultural and gender differences in job application decision processes among 191 job seekers looking for temporary employment. The theory of reasoned action (TRA) was found to be a valid framework to explain job application decisions, although gender differences existed in the strength of the relations. Job attractiveness and perceived person-organization fit added to the prediction of job application intention over and beyond the TRA variables.
Associations between Environmental Quality and Mortality in the Contiguous United States, 2000–2005

Background: Assessing cumulative effects of the multiple environmental factors influencing mortality remains a challenging task. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative environmental quality and all-cause and leading cause-specific (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) mortality rates. Methods: We used the overall Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its five domain indices (air, water, land, built, and sociodemographic) to represent environmental exposure. Associations between the EQI and mortality rates (CDC WONDER) for counties in the contiguous United States (n = 3,109) were investigated using multiple linear regression models and random intercept and random slope hierarchical models. Urbanicity, climate, and a combination of the two were used to explore the spatial patterns in the associations. Results: We found 1 standard deviation increase in the overall EQI (worse environment) was associated with a mean 3.22% (95% CI: 2.80%, 3.64%) increase in all-cause mortality, a 0.54% (95% CI: –0.17%, 1.25%) increase in heart disease mortality, a 2.71% (95% CI: 2.21%, 3.22%) increase in cancer mortality, and a 2.25% (95% CI: 1.11%, 3.39%) increase in stroke mortality. Among the environmental domains, the associations ranged from –1.27% (95% CI: –1.70%, –0.84%) to 3.37% (95% CI: 2.90%, 3.84%) for all-cause mortality, –2.62% (95% CI: –3.52%, –1.73%) to 4.50% (95% CI: 3.73%, 5.27%) for heart disease mortality, –0.88% (95% CI: –2.12%, 0.36%) to 3.72% (95% CI: 2.38%, 5.06%) for stroke mortality, and –0.68% (95% CI: –1.19%, –0.18%) to 3.01% (95% CI: 2.46%, 3.56%) for cancer mortality. Air had the largest associations with all-cause, heart disease, and cancer mortality, whereas the sociodemographic index had the largest association with stroke mortality. Across the urbanicity gradient, no consistent trend was found. Across climate regions, the associations ranged from 2.29% (95% CI: 1.87%, 2.72%) to 5.30% (95% CI: 4.30%, 6.30%) for overall EQI, and larger associations were generally found in dry areas for both overall EQI and domain indices. Conclusions: These results suggest that poor environmental quality, particularly poor air quality, was associated with increased mortality and that associations vary by urbanicity and climate region. Citation: Jian Y, Messer LC, Jagai JS, Rappazzo KM, Gray CL, Grabich SC, Lobdell DT. 2017. Associations between environmental quality and mortality in the contiguous United States, 2000–2005. Environ Health Perspect 125:355–362; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/EHP119
Syndecan regulates cell migration and axon guidance in C. elegans

During nervous system development, axons that grow out simultaneously in the same extracellular environment are often sorted to different target destinations. As there is only a restricted set of guidance cues known, regulatory mechanisms are likely to play a crucial role in controlling cell migration and axonal pathfinding. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) carry long chains of differentially modified sugar residues that have been proposed to encode specific information for nervous system development. Here, we show that the cell surface proteoglycan syndecan SDN-1 functions autonomously in neurons to control the neural migration and guidance choices of outgrowing axons. Epistasis analysis suggests that heparan sulfate (HS) attached to SDN-1 can regulate guidance signaling by the Slit/Robo pathway. Furthermore, SDN-1 acts in parallel with other HSPG core proteins whose HS side chains are modified by the C5-epimerase HSE-5, and/or the 2O-sulfotransferase HST-2, depending on the cellular context. Taken together, our experiments show that distinct HS modification patterns on SDN-1 are involved in regulating axon guidance and cell migration in C. elegans.
Readmissions due to traffic accidents at a general hospital 1

Abstract Objective: to verify the occurrence and the causes of hospital readmissions within a year after discharge from hospitalizations due to traffic accidents. Methods: victims of multiple traumas due to traffic accidents were included, who were admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Sociodemographic data, accident circumstances, body regions affected and cause of readmission were collected from the patient histories. Results: among the 109 victims of traffic accidents, the majority were young and adult men. Most hospitalizations due to accidents involved motorcycle drivers (56.9%). The causes of the return to the hospital were: need to continue the surgical treatment (63.2%), surgical site infection (26.3%) and fall related to the physical sequelae of the trauma (10.5%). The rehospitalization rate corresponded to 174/1,000 people/year. Conclusion: the hospital readmission rate in the study population is similar to the rates found in other studies. Victims of severe limb traumas need multiple surgical procedures, lengthier hospitalizations and extended rehabilitation.
Saturn: a Distributed Metadata Service for Causal Consistency

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of Saturn, a metadata service for geo-replicated systems. Saturn can be used in combination with several distributed and replicated data services to ensure that remote operations are made visible in an order that respects causality, a requirement central to many consistency criteria. Saturn addresses two key unsolved problems inherent to previous approaches. First, it eliminates the tradeoff between throughput and data freshness, when deciding what metadata to use for tracking causality. Second, it enables genuine partial replication, a key property to ensure scalability when the number of geo-locations increases. Saturn addresses these challenges while keeping metadata size constant, independently of the number of clients, servers, data partitions, and locations. By decoupling metadata management from data dissemination, and by using clever metadata propagation techniques, it ensures that the throughput and visibility latency of updates on a given item are (mostly) shielded from operations on other items or locations. We evaluate Saturn in Amazon EC2 using realistic benchmarks under both full and partial geo-replication. Results show that weakly consistent datastores can lean on Saturn to upgrade their consistency guarantees to causal consistency with a negligible penalty on performance.
Comparing the Effect of Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) and Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) on Respiratory Parameters in Neurosurgical ICU Patients

Background Various modes of mechanical ventilation have different effects on respiratory variables. Lack of patients’ neuro-ventilatory coordination and increasing the work of breathing are major disadvantages in mechanically ventilated patients. Objectives This study is conducted to compare the respiratory parameters differences in Adaptive support ventilation (ASV) and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) modes in neurosurgical ICU patients. Methods In a crossover study, patients under mechanical ventilation in neurosurgical ICU were enrolled. The patients alternatively experienced two types of ventilations for 30 minutes (adaptive support ventilation and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation). The respiratory parameters (tidal volume, respiratory rate, airway pressure, lung compliance, end-tidal carbon dioxide, peripheral oxygenation and respiratory dead space), hemodynamic variables, every 10 minutes and arterial blood gas analysis at the end of each 30 minutes were recorded. Results were compared and analyzed with SPSS v.19. Results Sixty patients were involved in this study. In ASV mode, values including peak airway pressure (P-peak), end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), tidal volume and respiratory dead space were significantly lower than SIMV mode. Although the mean value for dynamic compliance had no significant difference in the two types of ventilation, it was better in ASV mode. Conclusions ASV mode compared with SIMV mode can lead to improve lung compliance and respiratory dead space.
Yeast Pab1 interacts with Rna15 and participates in the control of the poly(A) tail length in vitro

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the single poly(A) binding protein, Pab1, is the major ribonucleoprotein associated with the poly(A) tails of mRNAs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We found that Pab1 interacts with Rna15 in two-hybrid assays and in coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Overexpression of PAB1 partially but specifically suppressed the rna15-2 mutation in vivo. RNA15 codes for a component of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor CF I, one of the four factors needed for pre-mRNA 3'-end processing. We show that Pab1 and CF I copurify in anion-exchange chromatography. These data suggest that Pab1 is physically associated with CF I. Extracts from a thermosensitive pab1 mutant and from a wild-type strain immunoneutralized for Pab1 showed normal cleavage activity but a large increase in poly(A) tail length. A normal tail length was restored by adding recombinant Pab1 to the mutant extract. The longer poly(A) tails were not due to an inhibition of exonuclease activities. Pab1 has previously been implicated in the regulation of translation initiation and in cytoplasmic mRNA stability. Our data indicate that Pab1 is also a part of the 3'-end RNA-processing complex and thus participates in the control of the poly(A) tail lengths during the polyadenylation reaction.
Cognitive and Motivational Consequences of Adapting an Agent Metaphor in Multimedia Learning: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs?

This paper reviews a set of studies designed to test the hypothesis that the presence of animated pedagogical agents in multimedia environments can promote deep learning. This was done by first comparing the learning and motivational outcomes of students who learned in the context of social-agency to students who learned in a more traditional text and graphics context. Second, the particular features of the social-agency environment were manipulated to examine which of its attributes (e.g., visual and auditory presence, students' interaction, and agents' learning style) are most important in the promotion of meaningful learning. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are'discussed. (Contains 23 references.) (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 Cognitive and Motivational Consequences of Adapting an Agent Metaphor in Multimedia Learning: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs? PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Repetitive fracturing during spine extrusion at Unzen volcano, Japan

Abstract. Rhythmic seismicity associated with spine extrusion is a well-documented phenomenon at a number of dome-forming volcanic systems. At Unzen volcano, Japan, a 4-year dome-forming eruption concluded with the emplacement of a spine from October 1994 to February 1995, offering a valuable opportunity to further investigate seismogenic processes at dome-forming volcanoes. Using continuous data recorded at a seismic station located close to the dome, this study explores trends in the seismic activity during the extrusion of the spine. We identify a total of 12 208 volcano-seismic events in the period between October 1994 and February 1995. Hourly event counts indicate cyclic activity with periods of ∼ 40 to ∼ 100 h, attributed to pulsatory ascent defined by strain localisation and faulting at the conduit margins. Waveform correlation revealed two strong clusters (a.k.a. multiplets, families) which are attributed to fracturing along the margins of the shallow, ascending spine. Further analysis indicates variable seismic velocities during the spine extrusion as well as migration of the cluster sources along the spine margins. Our interpretation of the results from seismic data analyses is supported by previously published field and experimental observations, suggesting that the spine was extruded along an inclined conduit with brittle and ductile deformation occurring along the margins. We infer that changes in stress conditions acting on the upper and lower spine margins led to deepening and shallowing of the faulting sources, respectively. We demonstrate that the combination of geophysical, field and experimental evidence can help improve physical models of shallow conduit processes.
The Creative Vision: A Longitudinal Study of Problem Finding in Art by Jacob W. Getzels and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, The Creativity Question ed. by Albert Rothenberg and Carl R. Hausman (review)

Of particular insight and interest is Rank’s description of the growth of individual artists who are conscious not only of their creative work and their artistic mission but also of their own personality and productiveness, even making for themselves the experiences they need for their art, as it were, turning life into art. One should not be deterred by the Teutonisms and the encyclopedic illustrative material from myth, ethnology and cultural, folk and art history, in keeping with the allencompassing aspirations of theoretical works of this period. There is much of general and particular interest to repay careful reading in this complex book, not least its stimulating analysis of the predicament of artists in industrial societies as compared to their counterparts in less self-conscious societies throughout the world and history, and Rank’s perceptive interpretation of that elusive phenomenon, ‘the artist type’.