Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contesting inner-city space : global trends, local exclusion/s and an alternative Christian spatial praxis

This article explores global patterns in the spatial formation of inner cities. It indicates how such patterns often perpetuate multiple local exclusions contributing to de-humanising and de-humanised inner-city spaces. It then explores an alternative Christian spatial praxis considering ways in which communities of faith can engage issues of inner-city space, land and housing to facilitate possible prophetic alternatives to the dominant trends.
Use of CT to evaluate pleural invasion in non-small cell lung cancer: measurement of the ratio of the interface between tumor and neighboring structures to maximum tumor diameter.

PURPOSE To develop a simple noninvasive technique for evaluating pleural invasion by using routine preoperative computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and written informed consent was obtained for performing the initial and follow-up CT studies. Preoperative CT findings (169 patients with possible pleural invasion) and pathologic diagnoses after surgical resection were evaluated. The length of the interface between the primary tumor and neighboring structures (arch distance) and the maximum tumor diameter were measured on CT images, after which arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratios were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the ratios. RESULTS Median arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratios for pleural invasion categories (pl1, pl2, pl3) assessed by using the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer TNM staging system were as follows: pl1, 0.206 (25th-75th percentile, 0-0.486); pl2, 0.638 (25th-75th percentile, 0.385-0.830); and pl3, 1.092 (25th-75th percentile, 1.045-1.214) (P < .001 between groups). On the basis of the ROC curves, the cut-off value for invasion was an arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio of 0.9. When the ratio was greater than 0.9, the sensitivity and specificity for thoracic invasion and area under the ROC curve were 89.7%, 96.0%, and 0.976, respectively, which represents an improvement over values obtained by using conventional criteria (radiologists A and B: 46.7% and 74.2% and 91.3% and 84.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION When diagnosing T3 or T4 lung cancer based on arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratios, a higher performance level was achieved than that with use of conventional criteria. Measurement of the ratios is a simple noninvasive technique for evaluating pleural invasion at CT.
The major myelin protein genes are expressed in the human thymus

Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) in man or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rodents, may include an associated immune response directed against myelin protein antigens such as the proteolipid protein (PLP) and the myelin basic protein (MBP). Development of an immune response has been attributed, in part, to the sequestration of central nervous system antigens behind the blood‐brain barrier. Recently, we identified a nova gene, the golli gene, which overlaps the mbp gene. The Golli transcription unit produces a family of mRNAs, and their corresponding proteins possess MBP epitopes known to be encephalitogenic in EAE. Transcription of the golli gene was detected in immune system tissue. Therefore, we wished to determine whether genes that encode the two major myelin protein components, PLP and MBP, were expressed in the human thymus. Our data demonstrate that both the plp and golli genes are transcribed in the fetal human thymus. Moreover, both the PLP and DM‐20 transcripts are produced from the plp gene, and the HOG 7 and HOG 5 transcripts are produced from the golli gene. Confocal fluorescent immunohistochemistry using antibodies for the PLP/DM‐20 and Golli proteins, co‐localized expression of these antigens to thymic macrophages. Thus, the plp and golli genes are expressed, and their corresponding protein produced, in an antigen presenting cell in the human immune system. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social Stratification of Musical Tastes : Questioning the Cultural Legitimacy Model

In sociological study of artistic tastes, the behavior of the upper classes is usually characterized by a penchant for “highbrow” arts and simultaneous rejection of popular arts and the products of mass culture. However, the trends brought to light by analysis of cultural practices survey data do not entirely confirm this representation. What distinguishes upper class behavior is in fact not so much familiarity with “legitimate” culture, as is often claimed, but diversity of stated preferences, in contrast to members of lower-status classes, whose preferences appear more exclusive. A contrast can therefore be established between the traditional model of cultural legitimacy and a model in terms of eclecticism. This article seeks to assess the import of the latter model on the basis of data on preferences in music from a 1997 survey of French cultural practices. First, French practices in this area unequivocally confirm the relevance of the eclecticism model, though that model appears more an extension of the cultural legitimacy model than a refutation of it. Second, the preference typology constructed through analysis of the data, and distribution of individuals by social factors among five music-listener profiles defined on the basis of that typology, forefront the importance of generation differences and uneven distribution of cultural capital and musical competence.
Sleep Deprivation Induced Plasma Amyloid-β Transport Disturbance in Healthy Young Adults.

BACKGROUND Sleep is an important physiological process and beneficial in the removal of brain metabolites and functional recovery. Prior studies have shown that sleep disorders are significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to characterize the effect of short-term total sleep deprivation (TSD) on plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) concentrations. METHODS A clinical trial was conducted between March 1, 2016, and April 1, 2016. Twenty volunteers (age 27.3±3.4 years) with normal cognitive function and sleeping habits were recruited from the local population. Participants underwent 24 h of TSD. Periprocedural blood samples were collected to compare the changes of plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP-1), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA). RESULTS TSD increased morning plasma Aβ40 levels by 32.6% (p < 0.001) and decreased the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio by 19.3% (p < 0.001). A positive relationship was found between TSD duration and plasma Aβ40 level (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio (r = 0.25, p = 0.003). Plasma concentrations of sLRP1 (p = 0.018) and sRAGE (p = 0.001) decreased significantly after TSD. Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma concentrations correlated with plasma levels of sLRP1 and sRAGE. Serum SOD decreased after TSD (p = 0.005), whereas serum MDA was increased (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Sleep deprivation can lead to an elevation of plasma Aβ40 and decrease of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. The underlying mechanisms may be related to increased oxidative stress and impaired peripheral Aβ clearance as pathomechanisms of AD.
Brief Interventions with Children in a Battered Women's Shelter: A Model Preventive Program.

HONORE M. HUGHES** A description is presented of a number of brief interventions which were implemented for purposes of providing services directly to children which interrupted the cyclical perpetuation of violence across generations of families. The model preventive program included intervention with: 1) children, 2) mothers, 3) schools, and 4) shelter staff members. Children's services consisted of individual counseling as well as peer, sibling, and family group meetings. Mothers received education regarding parenting skills and child development. A school liaison system was established; the shelter staff members were trained regarding child advocacy and child development. Informal assessment, intervention strategies, and limitations of the program are also discussed.
Improved wave-digital approach to numerically integrating the PDES of fluid dynamics

Wave-digital principles can be used advantageously for numerically integrating partial differential equations (PDEs) describing physical systems. The resulting algorithms are massively parallel, fully local, and achieve high robustness by using a multidimensional extension of the inherent physical passivity of the original physical system. As has been shown previously, the approach is applicable also to the nonlinear PDEs of fluid dynamics, and this without requiring large systems of algebraic equations to be inverted. It will be shown that important improvements can be obtained on the one hand by arriving at a substantially better algorithm, and on the other, by systematizing the derivation and refining the earlier way of proceeding.
The lion's den: professional defences in the treatment of dangerous patients

The spate of inquiries after homicides by mentally ill people in Britain since 1992 has stimulated concerns to improve management of the risk of violence. These reports repeatedly describe poor-quality care by professionals, citing a seeming disregard of personal distress and an unwillingness to permit access to support services. Despite the number of examples of such professional 'carelessness', there has been little attempt to understand them theoretically. This paper considers a theoretical framework which suggests that apparently insensitive behaviour stems from the deployment of rationalizations for denying care to mentally ill individuals, in situations in which professionals experience powerlessness to intervene effectively. Examples of such rationalizations are drawn from a study of 40 published inquiries after homicide. The authors conclude by considering the implications of their analysis for policy and professional development.
Visually significant QR codes: Image blending and statistical analysis

QR codes are widely used as a means of conveying textual information, such as emails, hyperlinks, or phone numbers, through images that are interpreted using a smartphone camera. The codes take up valuable space in print media. The random appearance of QR codes not only detracts from the production values of the advertisement in which they appear, but the codes are also visually insignificant in the sense that a human cannot discern the vendor, brand, or purpose of the code just by looking at it, without the aid of scanning software. Though neither the aesthetics nor the visual significance of the code matter for scanning purposes, they do matter for advertising layout and, more importantly, can provide valuable brand distinction. In this paper, we show how the visually significant QR codes may be obtained by image blending. Unlike various ad-hoc methods that have been proposed by others, our method leaves completely intact the error correction budget of the code. Our method allows images as diverse as corporate logos and family photographs to be embedded in the code in full color. We provide a detailed statistical analysis of the method to show the effect of blending on error rates in noisy environments.
Teaching the Mathematically Gifted: Featuring a Teacher

In this article I investigate successful teaching of gifted students focusing on an outstanding mathematics teacher, A. R. Mayzelis, who had been teaching for over half a century in St. Petersburg’s mathematics school. As one of his former students, in this case study I perform content analysis of a book A. R. Maizelis: In Memoriam (Karp, 2007) in two directions. First, I analyze characteristics of mathematics teaching that are especially important in the eyes of the teacher. Second, I examine qualities of the teacher and teaching that his graduates value most in his work. It follows that teaching the mathematically gifted must be challenging, respectful, inspiring, open, critical, creative, demanding, differential, and joyful. The study demonstrates that the qualities of teaching are interweaved with very special characteristics required from a teacher and with the traits that can be developed in the gifted students. RésuméCet article porte sur l’enseignement fructueux des mathématiques aux étudiants doués, en particulier celui d’un enseignant exceptionnel, A. R. Mayzelis, qui a enseigné pendant plus d’un demi-siècle dans une école de mathématiques de Saint-Pétersbourg. En tant qu’ancien élève, je fais dans cette étude de cas une analyse sur deux niveaux des contenus d’un livre intitulé A. R. Maizelis: In Memoriam (Karp, 2007). En premier lieu j’analyse les aspects de l’enseignement des mathématiques qui sont particulièrement importants aux yeux de l’enseignant. En second lieu, je me penche sur les qualités de l’enseignant et de son enseignement que ses anciens élèves ont apprécié le plus chez lui. Il ressort que l’enseignement destiné aux étudiants doués doit être stimulant, respectueux, inspirant, ouvert, critique, créatif, exigeant, différencié et joyeux. L’étude montre que les qualités d’un tel enseignement associent certaines caractéristiques toutes particulières attendues chez un enseignant, à certains traits susceptibles d’être développés chez les étudiants doués.
Occupational Stress in Veterinary Nurses: Roles of the Work Environment and Own Companion Animal

ABSTRACT Veterinary nursing has been identified as an occupation at risk for occupational stress and burnout, but a better understanding of job stressors and influencing factors is needed. The aim of this study was to examine occupational stress in a veterinary nursing population based on established work stress theories. This study sought to determine which environmental aspects of the work situation may be detrimental to well-being and which factors may operate to reduce job stress. A sample of South Australian veterinary nurses (n = 127) completed a postal questionnaire about their work environment (job demands and control, work social supports) and their psychological distress, work burnout, and job satisfaction, with a response rate of 76.5%. The potential influence of attachment to participants' own companion animals was investigated using the Owner Pet Relationship Scale. Hierarchical regressions then explored the contribution to psychological outcomes, of social support at work and attachment to own companion animal, after controlling for work load, exposure to euthanasia, contact with clients, work demands, and work control. While social support at work ameliorated occupational stress, attachment to companion animal was linked to decreased job satisfaction. Supportive interpersonal relations in the workplace have a key role in veterinary nurses' job satisfaction. Management skill training may have a role in the development of more satisfying workplaces for the veterinary nursing sector, which may have implications for the undergraduate and post-registration training of veterinary practice managers.
Application of Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Fatigue Crack Propagation Life of Aluminum Alloys

Purpose: In this work, fatigue crack propagation life of 7020 T7 and 2024 T3 aluminum alloys under the influence of load ratio was predicted by using artificial neural network (ANN). Design/methodology/approach: Numerous phenomenological models have been proposed for predicting fatigue life of the components under the influence of load ratio to take into account the mean load effect. Findings: In current research, an automatic prediction methodology has been adopted to estimate the constant amplitude loading fatigue life under the above condition by applying artificial neural network (ANN). Practical implications: ANNs show great potential for predicting fatigue crack growth rate especially by interpolation within the tested range. However, its benefit is lost when the model is needed to extrapolate the available experimental data. Originality/value: The predicted results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental findings when tested on two aluminum alloys 7020 T7 and 2024 T3 respectively.
Chromoblastomycosis produced by Aureobasidium pullulans in an immunosuppressed patient.

Black fungi," or dematiaceous fungi, are characterized by the development of a brown to black color in their vegetative cells and/or conidia. This color is due to dihydroxynaphthalene. Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous infection of the skin caused by species of dematiaceous fungi. Chromoblastomycosis or pseudocarcinomatous cutaneous infections caused by species ofAureobasidiumhave not previously been reported, to our knowledge. We describe a liver transplant recipient who developed a cutaneous infection byAureobasidium pullulansfollowing treatment with tacrolimus. Report of a Case. A 55-year-old man with cirrhosis caused by the hepatitis C virus received a liver transplant in January 1994. After the procedure the patient was treated with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and methylprednisolone acetate. Between February and June 1994 the patient received 6 boluses of 1 g of methylprednisolone acetate for 2 acute rejection episodes. In December 1994 he developed chronic rejection and rescue treatment was started with
Satiating Capacity and Post-Prandial Relationships between Appetite Parameters and Gut-Peptide Concentrations with Solid and Liquefied Carbohydrate

Background Differences in satiating capacity of liquid and solid meals are unclear. Objective Investigating appetite parameters, physiological measurements and within-subject relationships after consumption of a single macronutrient, subject-specific carbohydrate meal in liquefied versus solid form, controlled for energy density, weight and volume. Design In a cross-over design, ten male subjects (age = 21.1±3.9 y, BMI = 22.4±1.2 kg/m2) consumed a solid (CS, whole peaches +750 ml water) and liquefied carbohydrate (CL, peach blended in 500 ml water +250 ml water) lunch. Appetite profiles, insulin-, glucose- and ghrelin concentrations were measured over three hours. Post-prandial relationships between appetite and blood parameters were calculated using subject-specific regression analyses. Results Fullness ratings were higher in the CL (85±5 mm) compared to the CS condition (73±8 mm) at 20 min (p<0.03). Glucose concentrations peaked 20 to 30 min after the start of the lunch in the CL condition, and 30 to 40 min after start of the CS condition. Correspondingly, insulin concentrations were peaked at 20–30 min in the CL condition, and at 30–40 min in the CS condition. AUC or condition x time interactions were not different comparing the CL and the CS condition. Insulin was significantly higher in the CS compared to the CL condition 40 min after the start of the lunch (p<0.05). Fullness scores were significantly related to insulin concentrations but not to glucose concentrations; desire to eat scores were significantly associated with ghrelin concentrations in both, the CL and the CS condition. The relationship between fullness scores and glucose concentrations was not statistically significant. Conclusion Liquefied and solid carbohydrate meals do not differ in satiating capacity, supported by appetite profile and relevant blood parameters. Postprandially, fullness and desire to eat were associated with respectively insulin and ghrelin concentrations.
Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs to Cortical Neurons Decouple Firing Irregularity from Rate Modulations

In vivo cortical neurons are known to exhibit highly irregular spike patterns. Because the intervals between successive spikes fluctuate greatly, irregular neuronal firing makes it difficult to estimate instantaneous firing rates accurately. If, however, the irregularity of spike timing is decoupled from rate modulations, the estimate of firing rate can be improved. Here, we introduce a novel coding scheme to make the firing irregularity orthogonal to the firing rate in information representation. The scheme is valid if an interspike interval distribution can be well fitted by the gamma distribution and the firing irregularity is constant over time. We investigated in a computational model whether fluctuating external inputs may generate gamma process-like spike outputs, and whether the two quantities are actually decoupled. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of cortical neurons were performed to confirm the predictions of the model. The output spikes were well fitted by the gamma distribution. The firing irregularity remained approximately constant regardless of the firing rate when we injected a balanced input, in which excitatory and inhibitory synapses are activated concurrently while keeping their conductance ratio fixed. The degree of irregular firing depended on the effective reversal potential set by the balance between excitation and inhibition. In contrast, when we modulated conductances out of balance, the irregularity varied with the firing rate. These results indicate that the balanced input may improve the efficiency of neural coding by clamping the firing irregularity of cortical neurons. We demonstrate how this novel coding scheme facilitates stimulus decoding.
Maladaptive emotion regulation and aggression in adult offenders

Many empirical studies have explored the relationship between anger dysregulation and aggression; few have explored the association between emotion regulation more generally and aggressive behavior in adults. This study sought to determine whether adaptive emotion regulation was associated with aggression in adult offenders, and whether proficiency in three emotion skills – emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, and access to a variety of emotion regulation strategies – was related to adaptive emotion regulation. Results suggest that offenders with a maladaptive emotion regulation style reported more extensive histories of aggression than those with an adaptive emotion regulation style. It was also found that self-reported emotional awareness and access to effective emotion regulation strategies contributed to adaptive emotion regulation. These findings indicate the potential utility of including emotion-related modules in treatment programs for violent offending populations.
Revolutionizing Ritual Interaction in the Classroom Constructing the Chinese Renaissance of the Twenty-First Century

Over the past decade, educational leaders in China have maintained that the pattern of social interactions in Chinese classrooms is not conducive to the cultivation of innovativeness and creativity and that this lack of creativity is a major barrier to China’s global competitiveness. One key response has been the implementation of the 2001 New Curriculum reforms in basic education. This article draws on qualitative classroom observation and in-depth interview data, as well as quantitative survey data, from Gansu province to investigate the extent to which classroom interactions differ substantially in Chinese primary school classrooms that are implementing the New Curriculum reforms compared with those that are not. To the extent that individuals are constructed by the interactions in which they participate, changes in classrooms could have far-reaching implications for contemporary youth socialized differently than those of previous generations, and for the future social, cultural, and political order of.