Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Product of the Steel locus can replace leukemic cell interaction.

Mutations in the Steel locus, encoding a growth factor (Steel factor or SF) or c-kit, the gene encoding its receptor, result in severe anemia in the mouse. In the present study, we have addressed the mechanism of synergistic growth activation, at the cellular level, by SF and GM-CSF using the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML blasts). Our data indicate that SF drastically alleviates the requirement in cell interaction for blast colony formation in most of the samples tested. Analysis of cultures performed in the presence of SF and GM-CSF at different cell concentrations, ranging from 1,000 to 20,000 cells, suggested a single limiting element, i.e., the blast clonogenic cell, while 2 or more limiting elements were found in cultures stimulated with GM-CSF alone, suggesting interacting cell populations. The presence of membrane-bound SF was detected by immunofluorescence, suggesting the possibility that secreted or membrane-bound SF may, at least in part, contribute to the density-dependent growth of AML blasts. In all samples tested, SF appears to increase the responsiveness of AML blasts to GM-CSF, as demonstrated by a 3-fold decrease of GM-CSF half efficient concentration on addition of SF to the cultures. Exposure of AML blasts to SF did not affect GM-CSF receptor expression, suggesting that this increase in GM-CSF responsiveness is likely to occur at the postreceptor level. Interestingly, 2 of 15 AML samples surveyed did not respond to SF, and were both of the myelomonocytic or monocytic subtype, classified as M4 and M5, respectively.
Fen Öğretiminde Yapılandırmacılık Kuramının Öğrencilerin Başarılarına ve Bilgiyi Yapılandırmalarına Olan Etkisi

The aim of this research is to examine the effects of interactive group work and using different active learning methods leaning against constructivist theory on students’ achievement and their way of constructing the knowledge by using the unit ‘What are the things present in our body? How do we perceive our environment? ’ which is placed in 6th grade of science lesson in elementary education. In this research, the experimental group was taught by active teaching methods and techniques and cooperative learning which was based by constructivist theory. However the control group was taught traditionally. Before and after the application, each group was given achievement tests designed by the researcher. An interview was made with both of the groups in order to understand how the students construct the knowledge. Besides, each group received a last test of two-tier questions after the application. Finally, the effects of constructivism on the students’ achievement and their way of constructing the knowledge were examined and it is seen that there are significant differences in favor of experimental group.
Suzaku Results on Cygnus X-1 in the Low/Hard State

AbstractThe black-hole binary Cygnus X-1 was observed for 17 ks with the Suzaku X-ray observatory in 2005October, while it was in a low/hard state with a 0.7–300 keV luminosity of 4.6×10 37 erg s −1 . The XIS andHXD spectra, spanning 0.7–400 keV, were reproduced successfully incorporating a cool accretion disk anda hot Comptonizing corona. The corona is characterized by an electron temperature of ∼100 keV, and twooptical depths of ∼0.4 and ∼1.5 which account for the harder and softer continua, respectively. The disk hasthe innermost temperature of ∼0.2 keV, and is though to protrude half way into the corona. The disk notonly provides seed photons to the Compton cloud, but also produces a soft spectral excess, a mild reﬂectionhump, and a weakly broadened iron line. A comparison with the Suzaku data on GRO J1655−40 revealsseveral interesting spectral diﬀerences, which can mostly be attributed to inclination eﬀects assuming thatthe disk has a ﬂat geometry while the corona is grossly spherical. An intensity-sorted spectroscopy indicatesthat the continuum becomes less Comptonized when the source ﬂares up on times scales of 1–200 s, whilethe underlying disk remains unchanged.Key words: accretion disks — black hole physics — stars: individual (Cygnus X-1)— X-ray: binaries1. IntroductionLuminous soft X-ray radiation of accreting stellar-massblack holes (BHs) has generally been explained as thermalemission from optically-thick (in particular “standard”)accretion disks (Shakura & Sunyaev 1973; Makishimaet al. 1986; Dotani et al. 1997; Remillard & McClintock2006), which are expected to form around them underrather high accretion rates. In contrast, their hard X-rayproduction process is much less understood, even thoughintense hard X-ray emission characterizes black-hoe bina-ries (BHBs) among varioustypes of compact X-raysourcesin the Milky Way and Magellanic clouds.Indeed, BHBs often emit a major fraction of their ra-diative luminosity in the hard X-ray band, in the formof spectral hard-tail component if they are in so-calledhigh/soft state, or as the entire power-law (hereafter PL)like continua if they are in so-called low/hard state (here-after LHS) which appears under relatively low accretionrates. Furthermore, the hard X-ray emission (partic-ularly in the LHS) involves another interesting aspect,namely the long-known aperiodic variation over a widefrequency range (e.g., Oda et al. 1971; Oda 1977; Nolanet al. 1981; Miyamoto et al. 1991; Pottschmidt et al.2003; Remillard & McClintock 2006). These spectral andtiming studies are not limited to stellar-mass BHs, since a
Redundant Gene Selection Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Redundant gene selection is an important topic in the ¿eld of bioinformatics. This paper proposes a novel algorithm on Redundant Gene Selection by Particle Swarm Optimization (RGS-PSO), which tries to ? nd a compact gene subset with great predictive ability. Compared with the previous works, RGS-PSO measures the redundancy of feature set by the maximum feature inter-correlation, which is more reasonable than those by the averaged inter-correlation. The outstanding performance of RGS-PSO has been examined by the experiments on several real world microarray data sets.
Early Training May Exacerbate Brain Damage after Focal Brain Ischemia in the Rat

Early overuse of a lesioned forelimb, induced by immediate immobilization of the intact forelimb after a cortical lesion, has been reported to increase tissue damage and delay functional recovery. To investigate if early training without immobilization of the intact forelimb could increase tissue loss and reduce recovery, the middle cerebral artery was ligated distal to the striatal branches in 25 male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Control rats were housed in standard cages, training rats were transferred to larger cages allowing various activities and received additional special training 1 hour a day starting either 24 hours or 7 days after the ligation. The rats were tested on a rotating pole, in a leg placement test, and in a water maze and they were killed 6 weeks after the ligation. Delayed training resulted in the best overall performance; however, both training groups performed better than standard rats on the rotating pole. The cortical infarct volume was larger in the early training group than in the other two groups (P < .005), possibly related to increased glutamate release and peri-infarct cortical hyperexcitability.
İLKÖĞRETİM 7. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KÜLTÜREL MİRASLA İLGİLİ BAŞARI DÜZEYLERİ VE TUTUMLARININ BAZI DEĞİŞKENLERCE İNCELENMESİ (ADIYAMAN ÖRNEĞİ)

Bu arastirmanin amaci, ilkogretim 7. sinif ogrencilerinin kulturel miras ile ilgili basari duzeylerini ve tutumlari bazi degiskenler ile incelemektir. Arastirmanin kuramsal cercevesinde egitim-kultur iliskisi, sosyal bilgiler dersinde kulturel mirasin onemi ve egitimi ele alinmaktadir. Nicel arastirma yontemlerinden tarama yonteminin kullanildigi bu calisma, Adiyaman ili ve Kâhta ilcesindeki 14 okulda toplam 425 ogrenciye uygulanmistir. Bu arastirma sonucunda, uygulamaya dâhil edilen 7. sinif ogrencilerinin kulturel mirasa yonelik basarilarinin orta duzeyde oldugu, kulturel mirasa yonelik tutumlarinin ise olumlu oldugu tespit edilmistir. Ayni zamanda kulturel mirasa yonelik tutum ile basari arasinda pozitif bir iliskinin oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Kisacasi kulturel mirasa yonelik basari arttikca kulturel mirasa yonelik tutum da artmistir. Tersinden okursak kulturel mirasa yonelik tutum arttikca kulturel mirasa yonelik basari da artmistir. Bu arastirma sonucunda cinsiyetin kulturel mirasa yonelik tutumu ve basariyi etkilemedigi fakat Sosyo- ekonomik duzeyin kulturel mirasa yonelik basariyi ve tutumu etkiledigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Geliri asgari gecim seviyesinin altinda olan ailelerin cocuklarinin kulturel mirasa yonelik basarilari ve tutumlari dusmektedir. Anne- babanin egitim seviyesi arttikca basari ve tutum da artmaktadir.
Cell types in the pituitary of the medaka, Oryzias latipes.

The pituitary gland of the medaka Oryzias latipes consists of three portions: the pars distalis, the pars intermedia and the neurohypophysis. The pars distalis is further divisible into rostral and proximal zones. On the basis of differences in tinctorial and histochemical properties, eight different cell types are distinguished. The rostral pars distalis contains two types of acidophils: one is clearly revealed by acid violet (Type 1, probably cells producing prolactin-like hormone) and the other type is distinguished by lead haematoxylin (Type 2, probably corticotropic cells). The proximal pars distalis contains two types of basophils, probably gonadotropic cells (Type 3) and thyrotropic cells (Type 4), which distinguished from each other by the differences in avidity for dyes, size and location. Further, the proximal pars distalis contains orange G-positive acidophils (Type 5, probably somatotropic cells) and relatively many chromophobes (Type 6). The pars intermedia contains acidophils (Type 7) and basophils (Type 8); the former is lead haematoxylin-and Gomori-positive and the latter is aniline blue-and PAS-positive. The neurohypophysis is roughly divisible into a rostral portion containing mostly Gomori-negative fibers and a caudal portion containing mostly Gomori-positive fibers.
Secure Search via Multi-Ring Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Secure search is the problem of securely retrieving from a database table (or any unsorted array) the records matching speci ed attributes, as in SQL SELECT. WHERE. queries, but where the database and the query are encrypted. Secure search has been the leading example for practical applications of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) since Gentry's seminal work in 2009, attaining the desired properties of a single-round low-communication protocol with semantic security for database and query (even during search). Nevertheless, the wide belief was that the high computational overhead of current FHE candidates is too prohibitive in practice for secure search solutions (except for the restricted case of searching for a uniquely identi ed record as in SQL UNIQUE constrain and Private Information Retrieval). This is due to the high degree Ω(m) for m the number of database records of existing solutions, which is too slow even for moderate sizes m such as a few thousands. We present the rst algorithm for secure search that is realized by a polynomial of logarithmic degree logm. We implemented our algorithm in an open source library based on HElib, and ran experiments on Amazon's EC2 cloud with up to 100 processors. Our experiments show that we can securely search to retrieve database records in a rate of searching in millions of database records in less than an hour on a single machine. We achieve our result by: (1) Designing a novel sketch that returns the rst strictly-positive entry in a (not necessarily sparse) array of non-negative real numbers; this sketch may be of independent interest. (2) Suggesting a multi-ring evaluation of FHE instead of a single ring as in prior works and leveraging this to achieve an exponential reduction in the degree.
Cutaneous Lymphoid Hyperplasia and Other Lymphoid Infiltrates of the Breast Nipple: A Retrospective Clinicopathologic Study of Fifty-Six Patients

This study characterizes the clinicopathological spectrum of lymphoproliferations involving the breast nipple and/or areola. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular-genetic, and clinical features of 58 specimens from 56 patients were analyzed. They were re-diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH, n = 44); other benign lymphoid infiltrates (OBLI, n = 8); peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (n = 1); cases with overlapping features of CLH and B-cell lymphoma (n = 3), one of them composed of spindle cells. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia infiltrates were dense, composed mainly of B cells forming follicles with germinal centers (GC). Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia frequently showed features suggesting a malignancy as coalescing follicles with non-polarized germinal centers lacking mantle zones, and smudged infiltrates of lymphoid cells spreading into collagen (often as “Indian files”), smooth muscle, vessel walls, and nerve sheaths. Only two cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias recurred; otherwise all patients are without disease (mean follow-up 62 months). Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was detected in five, and of T-cell receptor γ gene in two cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the patients fared well too. In 47% of cases Borrelia burgdorferi was detected by polymerase chain reaction and/or serology, of which one was monoclonal. We conclude that cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is the most common lymphoproliferation of the breast nipple, rarely recognized clinically, and often overdiagnosed histologically as lymphoma.
Structure-preserving dual-energy CT for luggage screening

We propose a new structure-preserving dual-energy (SPDE) CT inversion technique for luggage screening, which can mitigate metal artifacts and provide precise object localization. Such artifact reduction can increase material identification accuracy in security applications. Our main objective is formation of enhanced photoelectric and Compton pixel property images from dual-energy X-ray tomographic data. We achieve this aim by incorporating three important elements in a single unified framework. First, we generate our images as the solution of a joint optimization problem, which explicitly models the projection process. Second, we include metal aware data weighting to reduce streaks and metal artifacts. Third, we estimate a regularized joint boundary field and apply it to both the photoelectric and Compton images in order to improve object localization as well as smoothing inside the objects. We evaluate the performance of the method using real dual-energy data. We demonstrate a significant reduction in noise and metal artifacts.
Discussions in the comments section: Factors influencing participation and interactivity in online newspapers’ reader comments

Posting comments on the news is one of the most popular forms of user participation in online newspapers, and there is great potential for public discourse that is associated with this form of user communication. However, this potential arises only when several users participate in commenting and when their communication becomes interactive. Based on an adaption of Galtung and Ruge’s theory of newsworthiness, we hypothesized that a news article’s news factors affect both participation levels and interactivity in a news item’s comments section. The data from an online content analysis of political news are consistent with the hypotheses. This article explores the ways in which news factors affect participation levels and interactivity, and it discusses the theoretical, normative, and practical implications of those findings.
Evolution and Phylogenetic Diversity of Yam Species (Dioscorea spp.): Implication for Conservation and Agricultural Practices

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) consist of approximately 600 species. Presently, these species are threatened by genetic erosion due to many factors such as pest attacks and farming practices. In parallel, complex taxonomic boundaries in this genus makes it more challenging to properly address the genetic diversity of yam and manage its germplasm. As a first step toward evaluating and preserving the genetic diversity yam species, we use a phylogenetic diversity (PD) approach that has the advantage to investigate phylogenetic relationships and test hypotheses of species monophyly while alleviating to the problem of ploidy variation within and among species. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 62 accessions from 7 species from three regions of Cameroon showed that most Dioscorea sections were monophyletic, but species within sections were generally non-monophyletic. The wild species D. praehensilis and cultivated D. cayenensis were the species with the highest PD. At the opposite, D. esculenta has a low PD and future studies should focus on this species to properly address its conservation status. We also show that wild species show a stronger genetic structure than cultivated species, which potentially reflects the management of the yam germplasm by farmers. These findings show that phylogenetic diversity is a promising approach for an initial investigation of genetic diversity in a crop consisting of closely related species.
Surface embeddings of Steiner triple systems

A Steiner triple system of order n (STS(n)) is said to be embeddable in an orientable surface if there is an orientable embedding of the complete graph Kn whose faces can be properly 2-colored (say, black and white) in such a way that all black faces are triangles and these are precisely the blocks of the STS(n). If, in addition, all white faces are triangular, then the collection of all white triangles forms another STS(n); the pair of such STS(n)s is then said to have an (orientable) bi-embedding. We study several questions related to embeddings and bi-embeddings of STSs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 6: 325–336, 1998
Historical Legacies of Interethnic Competition

How do historical legacies shape contemporary political outcomes? The article proposes a novel attitudinal mechanism through which distant interethnic competition can influence political preferences in the present. It theorizes that historically conditioned predispositions at the local level can moderate the effects of national-level framing of a policy issue. Using Poland as a test case, I show that subnational variation in support for EU accession was influenced by populist claims about the increase in Jewish influence in the postaccession period. Anti-Semitic cues resonated with voters in areas with historically large Jewish populations and a contentious interethnic past, where latent anti-Semitism persisted throughout the communist period. To provide evidence for this argument, the article draws on rich historical and contemporary data at the county, town, and individual level of analysis and utilizes novel research methods.
A Diagnostic Point of View for the Optimization of Preparation Costs in Runtime Testing

Runtime testing is emerging as the solution for the validation and acceptance testing of service-oriented systems, where many services are external to the organization, and duplicating the system's components and their context is too complex, if possible at all. In order to perform runtime tests, an additional expense in the test preparation phase is required, both in software development and in hardware. Preparation cost prioritization methods have been based on runtime testability (i.e, coverage) and do not consider whether a good runtime testability is sufficient for a good runtime diagnosis quality in case faults are detected, and whether this diagnosis will be obtained efficiently (i.e., with a low number of test cases). In this paper we show (1) the direct relationship between testability and diagnosis quality, that (2) these two properties do not guarantee an efficient diagnosis, and (3) a measurement that ensures better prediction of efficiency.
Numerical Modeling of Present-Day Mantle Convection

i Charles University in Prague Faculty of Mathematics and Physics PSfrag replacements N (m) γ (mgal) ∂ ln ρ/∂ ln v Depth (km) Amplitude Normalized power Harmonic degree S-wave P -wave δvP (%) δvS (%) 220 km 790 km 1510 km 2080 km 2510 km (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) Spheroidal flow (10 m/s) Spheroidal flow (10 m/s) Spheroidal flow (10 m/s) Pressure (10 Pa) Pressure (10 Pa) Pressure (δρ (kg/m) Normalized goid f (N/m) Radius (m) Radius (m) Colatitude () Colatitude () εRMS (Pa) εRMS (m/s) NFE j max (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
Collecting data from elites and ultra elites: telephone and face-to-face interviews with macroeconomists

This article explores the author's experiences of conducting both face-to-face and telephone interviews with elite and ultra-elite respondents. It draws upon the author's PhD research that uses a Sociology of Scientific Knowledge perspective to understand the social construction of macroeconomics. The article demonstrates how this perspective, and contributions from broader methodological texts, shaped the evolving research practice. The author reflects upon the distance between themselves as a relatively novice researcher and the high status position of the elite and ultra-elite respondents. This is followed with a discussion of several practical issues that arose from the research experience that would usefully inform the work of any researcher considering utilising telephone interviews. The article concludes that telephone interviewing with elite and ultra-elite respondents is both a productive and valid research option.
Who Inherits the State? Colonial Rule and Postcolonial Conflict

Postulating grievance-based mechanisms, several recent studies show that politically excluded ethnic groups are more likely to experience civil conflict. However, critics argue that endogeneity may undermine this finding since governments' decisions to include or exclude could be motivated by the anticipation of conflict. We counter this threat to inference by articulating a causal pathway that explains ethnic groups' access to power independently of conflict. Focusing on postcolonial states, we exploit differences in colonial empires' strategies of rule to model which ethnic groups were represented in government at the time of independence. This identification strategy allows estimating the exogenous effect of inclusiveness on conflict. We find that previous studies have tended to understate the conflict-dampening impact of political inclusion. This finding suggests that grievances have been prematurely dismissed from conventional explanations of conflict, and that policy makers should consider conflict resolution methods based on power sharing and group rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]