Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perioperative cerebral ischemia promote infiltrative recurrence in glioblastoma

Background Hypoxia is a key driver for infiltrative growth in experimental gliomas. It has remained elusive whether tumor hypoxia in glioblastoma patients contributes to distant or diffuse recurrences. We therefore investigated the influence of perioperative cerebral ischemia on patterns of progression in glioblastoma patients. Methods We retrospectively screened MRI scans of 245 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma undergoing resection for perioperative ischemia near the resection cavity. 46 showed relevant ischemia nearby the resection cavity. A control cohort without perioperative ischemia was generated by a 1:1 matching using an algorithm based on gender, age and adjuvant treatment. Both cohorts were analyzed for patterns of progression by a blinded neuroradiologist. Results The percentage of diffuse or distant recurrences at first relapse was significantly higher in the cohort with perioperative ischemia (61.1%) compared to the control cohort (19.4%). The results of the control cohort matched well with historical data. The change in patterns of progression was not associated with a difference in survival. Conclusions This study reveals an unrecognized association of perioperative cerebral ischemia with distant or diffuse recurrence in glioblastoma. It is the first clinical study supporting the concept that hypoxia is a key driver of infiltrative tumor growth in glioblastoma patients.
Explorer Cells expressing murine RAD 52 splice variants favor sister chromatid repair

expressing murine RAD52 splice variants favor sister chromatid repair' Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol 26, no. 10, pp. 3752-3763. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
How Much Do Trading Partners Matter for Economic Growth?

This paper empirically examines the extent to which a country's economic growth is influenced by the economies of its trading partners. Panel estimation results based on four decades of data for more than 100 countries show that trading partners' growth has a strong effect on domestic growth, even after controlling for the influence of common global and regional trends. The results are robust to instrumental variable estimation and other robustness tests. Trading partners' relative income levels are also positively correlated with growth, suggesting that the richer a country's trading partners, the stronger is conditional convergence. A general implication of the results is that countries benefit from trading with fast-growing and relatively more developed countries.
Do Firms’ Relationships with Principal Customers/Suppliers Affect Shareholders' Income?

In this paper, we examine whether a firm's relationship with its principal customers/suppliers affects its payout policies. A firm has customer–supplier relationships when its business depends on a small number of major customers/suppliers. The extant literature indicates two channels through which customer–supplier relationships might negatively affect a firm's dividend payments: 1) the high financial distress costs associated with relationship-specific investments and 2) the information certification effect of the principle customer. Consistent with expectations, our study reveals a negative relationship between a firm's dependence on customer–supplier relationships and its dividend payments. This result is robust to various model specifications and consistent with evidence regarding the time-series properties of dividends. Moreover, we find that high financial distress costs associated with relationship-specific investments are the key channel through which a firm's customer–supplier relationship affects its dividend payments. Overall, our results suggest that a firm's relationship with its non-financial stakeholders, such as principal customers/suppliers, is an important determinant of its shareholders' income.
Signal Modelling and Hidden Markov Models for Driving Manoeuvre Recognition and Driver Fault Diagnosis in an urban road scenario

Hidden Markov models (HMM) are used to identify a vehicle's manoeuvre sequence and its appropriateness for a given urban road driving situation. One of the novel aspects of this work has been the development of an efficient signal modelling approach to form a context-aware, flexible system which proved to respond well in urban road scenarios, especially in situations where the driver is likely to have an accident due to impaired performance. Another contribution has been to clarify how HMMs can be used not just to recognize vehicle manoeuvres but also to distinguish an impaired driver from a normal one in complex driving contexts. The system has worked well on simulator data and is about to be implemented in the real conditions of an urban trajectory.
An Introduction to Temporal Graphs: An Algorithmic Perspective*

Abstract A temporal graph is, informally speaking, a graph that changes with time. When time is discrete and only the relationships between the participating entities may change and not the entities themselves, a temporal graph may be viewed as a sequence G1, G2…, Gl of static graphs over the same (static) set of nodes V. Though static graphs have been extensively studied, for their temporal generalization we are still far from having a concrete set of structural and algorithmic principles. Recent research shows that many graph properties and problems become radically different and usually substantially more difficult when an extra time dimension is added to them. Moreover, there is already a rich and rapidly growing set of modern systems and applications that can be naturally modeled and studied via temporal graphs. This, further motivates the need for the development of a temporal extension of graph theory. We survey here recent results on temporal graphs and temporal graph problems that have appeared in the Computer Science community.
Quantitative Inflation Perceptions and Expectations of Italian Consumers

Since February 2003 ISAE collects quantitative inflation opinions, within its monthly survey on Italian consumers. Data confirms the severe overestimation of inflation already emerging from a companion study on Italian consumers (Del Giovane, Fabiani and Sabbatini, 2009); moreover, quantitative replies are in line with more traditional qualitative evaluations derived from the same survey, indicating that overestimation is not a random outcome resulting from casual answers. A first explanation calls for inadequate knowledge of inflation statistics: however, scarce information does not explain per se overestimation. Indeed, overestimation varies across personal characteristics and it is strongly correlated with assessments on economic conditions, those being more optimistic generally showing lower inflation opinions. It is possible that with a scarce statistical knowledge the consumers attribute to high inflation an “economic distress” mainly determined by slow growth of disposable income and psychological factors linked to socio-economic circumstances.
Exploring the Impact of Fit between Context Factors and Pricing Model Choice on the Success of IT Outsourcing Mega-Deals

The interplay between internal and external contextual factors and pricing model choice in IT outsourcing (ITO) contracts is still an under-researched area in the ITO literature. However, as past and current examples of outsourcing failures indicate, an informed selection of an adequate pricing model indeed plays a crucial, if not decisive role to ensure a successful deal outcome and to mitigate risks in the wake of the deal. Based on contingency theory, the paper at hand explores 60 ITO megadeals (> EUR 50 million) for the impact of the alignment of business objectives and market factors with pricing model choice on ITO deal performance. Our empirical results, which were based on a fitas-gestalts conceptualization, suggest that a high congruence of business objectives and market characteristics with pricing model attributes in ITO contracts engender better cost control and service results and a higher level of satisfaction after ITO deals than a low congruence of these factors. Our findings offer several interesting implications that can be used to improve pricing configurations in ITO deal contracts.
COOPERATIVE MODEL OF BACTERIAL SENSING

Bacterial chemotaxis is controlled by the signaling of a cluster of receptors. A cooperative model is presented, in which coupling between neighboring receptor dimers enhances the sensitivity with which stimuli can be detected, without diminishing the range of chemoeffector concentration over which chemotaxis can operate. Individual receptor dimers have two stable conformational states: one active, one inactive. Noise gives rise to a distribution between these states, with the probability influenced by ligand binding, and also by the conformational states of adjacent receptor dimers. The two-state model is solved, based on an equivalence with the Ising model in a randomly distributed magnetic field. The model has only two effective parameters, and unifies a number of experimental findings. According to the value of the parameter comparing coupling and noise, the signal can be arbitrarily sensitive to changes in the fraction of receptor dimers to which the ligand is bound. The counteracting effect of a change of methylation level is mapped to an induced field in the Ising model. By returning the activity to the prestimulus level, this adapts the receptor cluster to a new ambient concentration of chemoeffector, and ensures that a sensitive response can be maintained over a wide range of concentrations.
Gap Dynamics and Structure of Two Old-Growth Beech Forest Remnants in Slovenia

Context Due to a long history of intensive forest exploitation, few European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) old-growth forests have been preserved in Europe. Material and Methods We studied two beech forest reserves in southern Slovenia. We examined the structural characteristics of the two forest reserves based on data from sample plots and complete inventory obtained from four previous forest management plans. To gain a better understanding of disturbance dynamics, we used aerial imagery to study the characteristics of canopy gaps over an 11-year period in the Kopa forest reserve and a 20-year period in the Gorjanci forest reserve. Results The results suggest that these forests are structurally heterogeneous over small spatial scales. Gap size analysis showed that gaps smaller than 500 m2 are the dominant driving force of stand development. The percentage of forest area in canopy gaps ranged from 3.2 to 4.5% in the Kopa forest reserve and from 9.1 to 10.6% in the Gorjanci forest reserve. These forests exhibit relatively high annual rates of coverage by newly established (0.15 and 0.25%) and closed (0.08 and 0.16%) canopy gaps. New gap formation is dependant on senescent trees located throughout the reserve. Conclusion We conclude that these stands are not even-sized, but rather unevenly structured. This is due to the fact that the disturbance regime is characterized by low intensity, small-scale disturbances.
Combinatorial designs in multiple faults localization for battlefield networks

We present an application of combinatorial designs and variance analysis to correlating events in the midst of multiple network faults. The network fault model is based on the probabilistic dependency graph that accounts for the uncertainty about the state of network elements. Orthogonal arrays help reduce the exponential number of failure configurations to a small subset on which further analysis is performed. The preliminary results show that statistical analysis can pinpoint the probable causes of the observed symptoms with high accuracy and significant level of confidence. An example demonstrates how multiple soft link failures are localized in MIL-STD 188-220's datalink layer to explain the end-to-end connectivity problems in the network layer This technique can be utilized for the networks operating in an unreliable environment such as wireless and/or military networks.
Mismatch shocks , vacancies and unemployment

We build a DSGE model that features nominal rigidities and search and matching frictions in the labor market. We introduce two non-standard features in the model: a shock to the e¢ ciency of the matching function, and a generalized hiring costs function as in Yashiv (2006). We estimate the model using Bayesian techniques and aggregate data up to 2010:Q3 on eight key macro variables, including vacancies and unemployment.We evaluate the importance of mismatch shocks in accounting for the recent behavior of the Beveridge curve. We nd evidence that matching e¢ ciency deteriorated substantially during the Great Recession. However, our results suggest that the rise in the unemployment rate is mainly due to cyclical factors rather than mismatch.
Dystrophin and utrophin have distinct effects on the structural dynamics of actin

We have used time-resolved spectroscopy to investigate the structural dynamics of actin interaction with dystrophin and utrophin in relationship to the pathology of muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin and utrophin bind actin in vitro with similar affinities, but the molecular contacts of these two proteins with actin are different. It has been hypothesized that the presence of two low-affinity actin-binding sites in dystrophin allows more elastic response of the actin–dystrophin–sarcolemma linkage to muscle stretches, compared with utrophin, which binds via one contiguous actin-binding domain. We have directly tested this hypothesis by determining the effects of dystrophin and utrophin on the microsecond rotational dynamics of a phosphorescent dye attached to C374 on actin, as detected by transient phosphorescence anisotropy (TPA). Binding of dystrophin or utrophin to actin resulted in significant changes in the TPA decay, increasing the final anisotropy (restricting the rotational amplitude) and decreasing the rotational correlation times (increasing the rotational rates and the torsional flexibility). This paradoxical combination of effects on actin dynamics (decreased amplitude but increased rate) has not been observed for other actin-binding proteins. Thus, when dystrophin or utrophin binds, actin becomes less like cast iron (strong but brittle) and more like steel (stronger and more resilient). At low levels of saturation, the binding of dystrophin and utrophin has similar effects, but at higher levels, utrophin caused much greater restrictions in amplitude and increases in rate. The effects of dystrophin and utrophin on actin dynamics provide molecular insight into the pathology of muscular dystrophy.
Economics & Corporate Culture

This is a draft of a chapter for the forthcoming Handbook of Corporate Culture. It surveys some of the existing literature on the economics of corporate culture and discusses how the existing literature on the economics of organization can be tied to research on corporate culture or given a corporate cultural "spin. " This chapter also discusses a number of avenues for future research.
GLP-1 Receptor Activation Inhibits VLDL Production and Reverses Hepatic Steatosis by Decreasing Hepatic Lipogenesis in High-Fat-Fed APOE*3-Leiden Mice

Objective In addition to improve glucose intolerance, recent studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism also decreases triglyceride (TG) levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GLP-1 receptor agonism on very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG production and liver TG metabolism. Experimental Approach The GLP-1 peptide analogues CNTO3649 and exendin-4 were continuously administered subcutaneously to high fat diet-fed APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice. After 4 weeks, hepatic VLDL production, lipid content, and expression profiles of selected genes involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Results CNTO3649 and exendin-4 reduced fasting plasma glucose (up to −30% and −28% respectively) and insulin (−43% and −65% respectively). In addition, these agents reduced VLDL-TG production (−36% and −54% respectively) and VLDL-apoB production (−36% and −43% respectively), indicating reduced production of VLDL particles rather than reduced lipidation of apoB. Moreover, they markedly decreased hepatic content of TG (−39% and −55% respectively), cholesterol (−30% and −55% respectively), and phospholipids (−23% and −36% respectively), accompanied by down-regulation of expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis (Srebp-1c, Fasn, Dgat1) and apoB synthesis (Apob). Conclusion GLP-1 receptor agonism reduces VLDL production and hepatic steatosis in addition to an improvement of glycemic control. These data suggest that GLP-receptor agonists could reduce hepatic steatosis and ameliorate dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dynamic Diffusion of Innovations: A Leader-Imitator Combined Structure Pattern

In this research, a model of diffusion of innovations was built in markets where the set of ultimate adopters consists of two segments: leaders, who are more in touch with new developments and who also affect the other segment, pure imitators, whose own adoptions do not affect leaders. The main results are: (1) The speed of innovations diffusion is not a monotonic process but a process of ascending in the beginning and descending after; (2) Diffusion in a mixture of leaders and imitators can exhibit a “gap” between the early and later stages of the diffusion curve; (3) Leaders play a critical role in the whole process of innovations diffusion.
The UN Declaration Of The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples And The Ainu Of Japan: Development And Challenges

The Ainu are an indigenous people who originally inhabited the Japanese island of Hokkaido and the far-eastern region of Russia. The Japanese government had for many years held the position that the Ainu are not indigenous peoples, rather one of the ethnic minority groups. However, in 2008, the National Diet of Japan recognized the Ainu as an indigenous people for the first time. In response to the historic Resolution, the Advisory Council for Future Ainu Policy (ACFAP) was established in August 2008 and Japan’s indigenous movement gained momentum. The purpose of this paper is thus two-fold. The first aim is to review the trajectory of Japan’s indigenous policies after the Meiji restoration of 1868. The second aim is to illuminate to what extent the rights of indigenous peoples stipulated in the Declaration are promoted in the current political context, specifically in Hokkaido. By reviewing the final report submitted by the ACFAP in July 2009 and the current discussion within the Council for Ainu Policy Promotion (CAPP), the study posits a future agenda in terms of the implementation of the Declaration at the national level.
Evolution of DA white dwarfs in the context of a new theory of convection

In this study we compute the structure and evolution of carbon-oxygen DA white dwarfs by means of a detailed and updated evolutionary code. We treat the energy transport by convection within the formalism of the full spectrum turbulence theory, as given by the Canuto, Goldman and Mazzitelli (CGM) model. We explore the effect of various hydrogen layer masses on both the surface gravity and the hydrogen burning. Convective mixing at low luminosities is also considered. One of our main interests in this work has been to study the evolution of ZZ Ceti models, with the aim of comparing the CGM and mixing length theory (MLT) predictions. In this connection, we find that the temperature profile given by the CGM model is markedly different from that of the ML1 and ML2 versions of MLT. We have also computed approximate effective temperatures for the theoretical blue edge of the DA instability strip by using thermal timescale arguments for our evolving models. In this context, we found that the CGM theory leads to blue edges that are cooler than the observed ones. However, because the determination of the atmospheric parameters of ZZ Ceti stars is dependent on the assumed convection description in model atmosphere calculation, observed blue edges computed considering the CGM theory are required in order to perform a sef consistent comparison of our results with observations. Finally, detailed pulsation calculations of ZZ Ceti models considering the CGM convection would be necessary to place the results found in this paper on a firmer basis.
Distributed complex event processing for mobile large-scale video applications

A recent trend in communication networks---sometimes referred to as fog computing---offers to execute computational tasks close to the access points of the networks. This enables mobile Complex Event Processing (CEP) middlewares to significantly reduce end-to-end latencies and bandwidth usage by migrating operators when event sources and consumers change their location. This demonstration shows the impact of proactive migration strategies on the perceived end user quality in the context of a video monitoring application.
Chemical contribution to future tropical ozone change in the lower stratosphere

Abstract. The future evolution of tropical ozone in a changing climate is investigated by analysing time slice simulations made with the chemistry–climate model EMAC. Between the present and the end of the 21st century a significant increase in ozone is found globally for the upper stratosphere and the extratropical lower stratosphere, while in the tropical lower stratosphere ozone decreases significantly by up to 30%. Previous studies have shown that this decrease is connected to changes in tropical upwelling. Here the dominant role of transport for the future ozone decrease is confirmed, but it is found that in addition changes in chemical ozone production and destruction do contribute to the ozone changes in the tropical lower stratosphere. Between 50 and 30 hPa the dynamically induced ozone decrease of up to 22% is amplified by 11–19% due to a reduced ozone production. This is counteracted by a decrease in the ozone loss causing an ozone increase by 15–28%. At 70 hPa the large ozone decrease due to transport (−52%) is reduced by an enhanced photochemical ozone production (+28%) but slightly increased (−5%) due to an enhanced ozone loss. It is found that the increase in the ozone production in the lowermost stratosphere is mainly due to a transport induced decrease in the overlying ozone column while at higher altitudes the ozone production decreases as a consequence of a chemically induced increase in the overlying ozone column. The ozone increase that is attributed to changes in ozone loss between 50 and 30 hPa is mainly caused by a slowing of the ClOx and NOx loss cycles. The enhanced ozone destruction below 70 hPa can be attributed to an increased efficiency of the HOx loss cycle. The role of ozone transport in determining the ozone trend in this region is found to depend on the changes in the net production as a reduced net production also reduces the amount of ozone that can be transported within an air parcel.