Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the working memory and language skills in the prediction of word problem solving in 4- to 7-year-old children

The aim of this study was to analyse the role of verbal and visuo-spatial working memory (WM) and language skills (vocabulary, listening comprehension) in predicting preschool and kindergarten-aged children’s ability to solve mathematical word problems presented orally. The participants were 116 Finnish-speaking children aged 4–7 years. The results showed that verbal WM (VWM) did not have a direct effect on word problems in young children but was indirectly related to word problems through vocabulary and listening comprehension. These results suggest that in young children, VWM resources support language skills which, furthermore, contribute to variation in solving orally presented word problems. The results also showed that visuo-spatial WM had a direct effect on performance in word problems, suggesting that it plays an important role in word problem solving among this age group.
Funktionelle Ergebnisse 3 Monate nach Implantation einer „Extended-Range-of-Vision“-Intraokularlinse

Zusammenfassung Ziel: Beurteilung der visuellen und refraktiven Ergebnisse 3 Monate nach Implantation einer „Extended-Range-of-Vision“-Intraokularlinse (ERV-IOL) im Rahmen der Kataraktoperation. Methode: In einer prospektiven multizentrischen Studie wurde bei Patienten mit einem kalkulierten postoperativen Astigmatismus ≤ 1,5 dpt im Rahmen der Kataraktoperation eine diffraktive ERV-IOL (TECNIS Symfony, Modell ZXR00, Abbott Medical Optics, USA) implantiert. Drei Monate postoperativ wurden der monokulare und binokulare Nah-, Intermediär- und Fernvisus, unkorrigiert und korrigiert, sowie die Refraktion evaluiert. Ergebnis: 18 Patienten (36 Augen) mit einem mittleren Alter von 63,4 ± 4,6 Jahren wurden im Rahmen der Studie bilateral an einer Katarakt operiert. Drei Monate postoperativ zeigte sich ein binokularer unkorrigierter Fernvisus (UDVA) von logMAR − 0,05 ± 0,11 bei einem korrigierten Fernvisus (CDVA) von logMAR − 0,14 ± 0,05. Der unkorrigierte binokulare Intermediärvisus (DIVA) lag bei logMAR − 0,09 ± 0,02, der binokulare unkorrigierte Nahvisus (UNVA) bei logMAR 0,19 ± 0,09. Eine postoperative Zielrefraktion von ± 0,75 erreichten 89 % der Patienten. Schlussfolgerung: Die Implantation einer ERV-Intraokularlinse bietet eine effektive Wiederherstellung für das Sehen in der Ferne und im Intermediärbereich. Auch in der Nähe erreichen die Patienten ein funktionelles Sehvermögen.
The Knowledge Bases of the Expert Teacher

Abstract In the late twentieth century, accountability and value for money are two of the major themes influencing developments in education. Reflecting these themes, recent government legislation has produced a set of teaching competences, later revised as standards, for use in initial teacher education and assessment of teaching performance. They are used as criteria for teacher training, in some cases forming the theoretical underpinning of courses. This article argues that that model of knowledge essential for teaching presented by the 10197 standards is impoverished. Instead there will be presented a comprehensive model of knowledge bases for teaching, which can inform our understanding of teaching and provide a more sophisticated theoretical underpinning than that imposed by government legislation. The model was developed through a recent doctoral study of subject knowledge and teaching competences. The model is illustrated by an example of teaching in history, which shows how it can act as a theore.
Leadership, power and racism: lifeguards’ influences on Aboriginal people’s experiences at a Northern Canadian aquatic facility

Using a Foucauldian and postcolonial lens, this case study examines the ways in which leadership styles used by lifeguards and supported by the structure, rules and regulations at a northern Canadian swimming pool influenced Aboriginal people’s experience of the facility. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews and a focus group were used to identify the ways in which Eurocentric lifeguard training, exercises of power, institutional racism and an absence of cultural competency can intersect to influence Aboriginal people’s use of a local pool and their considerations of lifeguarding as a potential employment opportunity. On the basis of these findings, the study suggests that the development and implementation of anti-discriminatory policies and procedures for swimming pools and the inclusion of cultural competency teachings in lifeguard training are necessary measures to enhance Aboriginal people’s experiences at northern swimming pools, to foster opportunities to become lifeguards and to augment Euro-Canadian lifeguards’ capacity to maintain a safe and welcoming aquatic environment in a cross-cultural context.
Social communication deficits in disruptive primary-school children

Background Parent and teacher data, from questionnaire surveys, suggest that school-identified disruptive children often have pragmatic language deficits of an autistic type. Aims This replication study aimed to confirm earlier findings, using individual clinical assessment to investigate traits of autism-spectrum disorder in disruptive children. Method Persistently disruptive children (n = 26) and a comparison group (n = 22) were recruited from primary schools in a deprived inner-city area. Measures included standardised autism diagnostic interviews (with parents) and tests of IQ, social cognition, theory of mind and attention (with children). Results The disruptive children possessed poorer pragmatic language skills (P<0.0001) and mentalising abilities (P<0.05) than comparisons. Nine disruptive children (35%) met ICD–10 criteria for atypical autism or Asperger syndrome. Conclusions Many persistently disruptive children have undetected disorders of social communication, which are of potential aetiological significance.
SEXUAL CONFLICT OVER MATING IN A SPIDER: INCREASED FECUNDITY DOES NOT COMPENSATE FOR THE COSTS OF POLYANDRY

Abstract Female multiple mating (polyandry) is a widespread but costly behavior that remains poorly understood. Polyandry may arise when whatever benefits females accrue from multiple mating outweigh the costs, or males manipulate females against the females' best interests. In a polyandrous spider Stegodyphus lineatus females may mate with up to five males, but behave aggressively toward additional males after the first mating. Female aggressiveness may act to select for better quality males. Alternatively, females may try to avoid superfluous matings. To test these alternatives, we allocated females into single-mating (SM) and double-mating treatments. Double-mated females either accepted (DM) or rejected (RE) the second male. DM females laid more eggs, but did not produce more offspring than SM and RE females. Offspring of DM females were smaller at dispersal than offspring of SM and RE females. Also, nest failure was significantly more common in DM females. Paternal variables did not influence female reproductive success, whereas maternal body condition explained much of the variation. We show that polyandry is costly for females despite the production of larger clutches and suggest that multiple mating results from male manipulation of female remating behavior.
Funipuncture for fetocide in late termination of pregnancy

The most widely used method for fetocide in late termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormalities (TOPFA) consists of injecting of potassium chloride (KCl) into the fetal heart and is likely to be painful after 22 weeks of gestation. We studied ten consecutive women undergoing TOPFA between 22 and 38 weeks. This technique for fetocide consisted of a single umbilical vein puncture under ultrasound guidance with injections of sufentanil 5 µg followed by KCl 2 g. No electrocardiographic modifications could be observed and maternal plasma potassium levels did not show any significant variation throughout the procedure. Fetal umbilical phlebotomy for fetal analgesia followed by fetocide therefore appears to be a safe procedure for the mother and allows the fetus to die without pain when late termination of pregnancy (TOP) is indicated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug sensitivity pattern of the pathogenic microorganisms causing atticoantral type of chronic suppurative otitis media

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the common otological problems in our community and atticoantral type is associated with increased incidence of intracranial and extracranial complications. The aim of this study is to determine the type and pattern of drug susceptibility of the pathogenic microorganisms causing atticoantral disease, which could lead to better therapeutic decisions, thereby reducing the potential risks of complications. Total 42 Patients with persistent otorrhea for more than 3 months with atticoantral type of chronic otitis media were selected. The exudates were collected under sterile conditions and inoculated onto culture media; bacterial growth and drug sensitivity pattern were studied. This study analyzes the causal organisms and their sensitivity to various antimicrobial agents. Most frequently isolated agents were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.4%) followed by proteus mirabilis (23.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.8%) while other organisms such as Providencia species, Escherichia coli, Klebsella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter species were the less commonly involved organisms. Drug sensitivities pattern of P. aeruginosa showed that ciprofloxacin was active against the majority of isolates (93.9%) followed by ceftazidime 86.2% and amikacin 76.2%. Whereas the sensitivity of P. mirabilis was 100% to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin, 95.2% to amoxil/clavulanic acid and amikacin. All (100%) of the Staphylococcus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, 96.2% to ciprofloxacin and 93.1% were sensitive to amoxil/clavulanic acid. Continuous and periodic evaluation of microbiological pattern and drug sensitivity of atticoantral CSOM is necessary to decrease the potential risks of complications by early institution of appropriate systemic and topical antibiotic alongside mastoid exploration. We believe that our data may contribute to an effective medical management of atticoantral disease. Since the most common organisms in our clinical set up being P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis which showed a highly percentage susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, thus making it an empirical antibiotic combination therapy of choice in the recent time.
Assistive Technology and Universal Design for Learning : Two Sides of the Same Coin

Over the past decade, evolving technologies have revolutionized the way we do business, communicate, make war, farm, and provide medical treatment. New technologies are also transforming education, and in no domain more dramatically or successfully than in the education of students with disabilities. Although the existing benefits of technology for students with disabilities are already widely recognized (e.g., Edyburn, 2003; Hasselbring & Glaser, 2000; Raskind & Higgins 1995; Rose & Meyer, 2002), the potential benefits are likely to be even more profound and pervasive than present practices would suggest. To ensure full realization of technology's potential for students with disabilities, the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) has funded two national centers that have a strong focus on technology: the National Assistive Technology Research Institute (NATRI) at the University of Kentucky and The National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum (NCAC) at CAST. While both centers focus on the role of technology, their work is neither duplicative nor competitive. Rather, each is researching a distinct role for technology in improving education for students with disabilities, assistive technology (AT) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL), respectively. The question of how these two approaches can enhance and even support one another for the further benefit of students with disabilities is fundamentally important. We have engaged in early discussion of this issue with the National Center for Technology Innovation (NCTI) at the American Institutes for Research (AIR) and Pip Campbell and Suzanne Milbourne at Thomas Jefferson University, organizations whose OSEP-supported work is also at the forefront of technology in special education. In this article we provide a framework for further discussion of this significant issue by articulating the points of commonality and difference between AT and UDL. Some individuals may see AT and UDL as identical, or conversely, antithetical. We believe that neither view is accurate but instead that AT and UDL, while different, are completely complementary—much like two sides of the same coin. We believe that advances in one approach prompt advances in the other and that this reciprocity will evolve in ways that will maximize their mutual benefits, making it essential that both approaches are pursued vigorously and distinctively. Through a better understanding and melding of AT and UDL, we believe that the lives of individuals with disabilities will ultimately be improved.
Effects of Wheat and Oat-Based Whole Grain Foods on Serum Lipoprotein Size and Distribution in Overweight Middle Aged People: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction Epidemiological studies suggest three daily servings of whole-grain foods (WGF) might lower cardiovascular disease risk, at least partly by lowering serum lipid levels. We have assessed the effects of consuming three daily portions of wholegrain food (provided as wheat or a mixture of wheat and oats) on lipoprotein subclass size and concentration in a dietary randomised controlled trial involving middle aged healthy individuals. Methods After a 4-week run-in period on a refined diet, volunteers were randomly allocated to a control (refined diet), wheat, or wheat + oats group for 12 weeks. Our servings were determined in order to significantly increase the intakes of non starch polysaccharides to the UK Dietary Reference Value of 18 g per day in the whole grain groups (18.5 g and 16.8 g per day in the wheat and wheat + oats groups respectively in comparison with 11.3 g per day in the control group). Outcome measures were serum lipoprotein subclasses' size and concentration. Habitual dietary intake was assessed prior and during the intervention. Of the 233 volunteers recruited, 24 withdrew and 3 were excluded. Results At baseline, significant associations were found between lipoprotein size and subclasses' concentrations and some markers of cardiovascular risk such as insulin resistance, blood pressure and serum Inter cellular adhesion molecule 1 concentration. Furthermore, alcohol and vitamin C intake were positively associated with an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein profile, with regards to lipoprotein size and subclasses' distribution. However, none of the interventions with whole grain affected lipoprotein size and profile. Conclusion Our results indicate that three portions of wholegrain foods, irrelevant of the type (wheat or oat-based) do not reduce cardiovascular risk by beneficially altering the size and distribution of lipoprotein subclasses. Trial Registration www.Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN 27657880.
INFLUENCE DU POIDS VIF ET DU NIVEAU D'INGESTION SUR LE COMPORTEMENT ALIMENTAIRE ET MÉRYCIQUE DU MOUTON

unitaires d’ingestion et de rumination diminuent. Par contre, il est difficile de dire si les variations de la durée unitaire d’ingestion sont la cause ou la conséquence des variations des quantités ingérées. Enfin dans cette expérience la rumination apparaît plus comme un phénomène passif influencé par les quantités ingérées.
Mapping theories of developmental language impairment: Premises, predictions and evidence

This paper presents the case for a mapping theory of developmental language impairment, which branches into a theory that Specific Language Impairment (SLI) arises from impaired phonological processing and the consequent disruption of the mapping process through which the words and sentence structure of a language are established. The prelude to the case is that the mapping process, which is a sine qua non of language acquisition, is the first place to look for possible sources of deficits in language acquisition; that recent research on the mapping process points up the contribution of complex phonological processing not just in the segmentation and representation of lexical phonology, but in wider lexical and syntactic development; and that phonological processing is therefore a plausible source of the deficits observed in SLI. Detailed analysis of the mapping process and the role of phonological processing gives rise to specific predictions which are evaluated against wide-ranging research findings on children with SLI. It is argued that the phonological theory provides a better fit with this empirical evidence than theories which posit either specific grammatical deficits or low-level auditory processing deficits, and offers more far-reaching insights than theories which invoke a general limitation in processing capacity. The paper concludes with wider implications, further predictions, and further questions arising from the mapping theory of developmental language impairment and its particular instantiation in the phonological theory of SLI.
Personality and the psychology of learning

The aim of this article is to examine the interaction between personality and learning in order to find clues to the role that a student's personality plays in the process of adaptation and learning. To scrutinize such an expansive area requires that I cover a lot of territory in a small space, condensing many components and processes. Wherever meaningful, I will direct readers to sources that provide greater depth of coverage. The article is divided into four sections. The first section covers personality theories and models based on a structure‐oriented view of personality. The second section addresses personality from a process‐oriented viewpoint. Current research findings that relate personality characteristics explicitly to learning processes, strategy use, and metacognition are briefly reviewed. The third section goes one step further and discusses second‐generation process‐oriented personality models. These models are applied to student behaviour during actual learning episodes. A general outline of my model of the adaptable learning process is given and it is argued that the quality of subjective experience is not just an outcome of personality characteristics. It is influenced by student * situation transactions. In the fourth section, conclusions and suggestions for future research are given.
Dynamic Autoregulation Testing in the Posterior Cerebral Artery

Background and Purpose— Dynamic autoregulation has been studied predominantly in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Because certain clinical conditions, ie, presyncopal symptoms or hypertensive encephalopathy, suggest a higher vulnerability of autoregulation within posterior parts of the brain, we investigated whether the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) is modulated differently within the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Methods— Spontaneous oscillations of CBFV and arterial blood pressure (ABP) in the frequency range of 0.5 to 20 cycles per minute were studied in 30 volunteers (supine and tilted positions). Analysis was based on the “high-pass filter model,” which predicts a specific frequency-dependent phase and amplitude relationship between oscillations in CBFV to ABP. These parameters, characterized as phase shift angles and transfer function gains, were calculated from simultaneously recorded beat-to-beat blood pressure and transcranial Doppler signals of the PCA and MCA by means of cross-spectrum analysis. Results— In the MCA and PCA, phase shift angles were decreased, and gains were elevated with increasing oscillation frequency. The PCA gain values in supine and tilted positions were significantly higher than in the MCA. Conclusions— The phase and amplitude relationship between CBFV and ABP showed a frequency dependence in the PCA similar to that in the MCA. The study therefore suggests that the high-pass filter model of dynamic cerebral autoregulation can be applied to the PCA. In this model the generally higher gain values in the PCA indicate a lower damping of ABP oscillations, which are transmitted to the posterior part of cerebral circulation.
Ejection Time by Ear Densitogram and Its Derivative: Clinical and Physiologic Applications

Ear densitographic ejection times (EDET) and first derivative ear densitogram ejection times (dEDET) were studied to determine whether their reliability and validity justify their substitution for ejection times derived from the far less stable carotid pulse tracing. Inter- and intra-subject comparisons were made on thirty individuals under a wide variety of disease and challenge states. Statistical analysis of the data-which had been obtained through a blinded procedure-showed an overall correlation (r) of . 98 for carotid vs EDET and . 99 for carotid vs dEDET. The t-test demonstrated no significant differences among ejection times derived from the three methods. Moreover, the close tracking at rest and during challenges of ejection times derived from these curves with those from the carotid indicate that either method may be substituted for standard carotid curves without sacrificing reliability or validity of the measure. Both ear curves offer distinct advantages over carotid pulse curves because their sensor is self-retaining and they remain stable during exercise and other body and respiratory movements. The additional feature of simplicity in reading the first derivative of the ear densitogram over its undifferentiated curve makes dEDET the preferred method.
The Effect of Kettlebell Swing Load and Cadence on Physiological, Perceptual and Mechanical Variables

This study compared the physiological, perceptual and mechanical responses to kettlebell swings at different loads and swing speeds. Following familiarization 16 strength trained participants (10 males, six females, mean age ± SD = 23 ± 2.9) performed four trials: 2 min kettlebell swings with an 8 kg kettlebell at a fast cadence; 2 min kettlebell swings with an 8 kg kettlebell at a slow cadence; 4 min kettlebell swings with a 4 kg kettlebell at a fast cadence; 4 min kettlebell swings with a 4 kg kettlebell at a slow cadence. Repeated measured analysis of variance indicated no significant differences in peak blood lactate or peak net vertical force across loads and cadences (P > 0.05). Significant main effect for time for heart rate indicated that heart rate was higher at the end of each bout than at mid-point (P = 0.001). A significant Load X cadence interaction for rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (P = 0.030) revealed that RPE values were significantly higher in the 8 kg slow cadence condition compared to the 4 kg slow (P = 0.002) and 4 kg fast (P = 0.016) conditions. In summary, this study indicates that the physiological and mechanical responses to kettlebell swings at 4 kg and 8 kg loads and at fast and slow cadence were similar, whereas the perceptual response is greater when swinging an 8 kg kettlebell at slow cadence.