Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of albuterol and erythromycin for the treatment of acute bronchitis.

BACKGROUND Based on observations that pulmonary function tests of patients with acute bronchitis resemble those of patients with asthma, it was hypothesized that a bronchodilator may be an effective form of treatment for patients with acute bronchitis. METHODS Albuterol was compared with erythromycin in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded fashion. Participants were patients who presented to family physicians with a history of having a productive cough of less than 30 days' duration, no history or evidence of pneumonia, and no other pulmonary or cardiac disease. Patients completed a 7-day symptom diary and returned to their physician after 1 week of therapy for reexamination. RESULTS Patients treated with albuterol were less likely to be coughing after 7 days of treatment than patients treated with erythromycin (41% vs 88%, P less than .05). This was true for both smokers and nonsmokers and in patients with purulent-appearing sputum. Trends toward an earlier improvement in cough and an improved feeling of well-being also were observed in the albuterol group. No differences between groups were found as to the length of time before patients returned to work, the length of time until patients resumed normal activities, or the overall improvement in patient well-being. Minor side effects were equal in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Oral albuterol may be more effective than commonly used antibiotics in relieving the symptoms of acute bronchitis.
English with a Latin beat: Studies in Portuguese/Spanish—English interphonology (review)

(p. 97) suscite la réflexion : « Le changement demeure en partie un phénomène très mystérieux : on sait assez bien comment il fonctionne, mais guère pourquoi il intervient dans les langues ». Suit une discussion très intéressante sur la transmission des normes à l’école, l’échec scolaire et la montée de la violence verbale dans les classes en France. Le chapitre 5 traite des vernaculaires ou la façon dont les gens parlent dans la vie courante. L’étude des caractéristiques du « français populaire » est amorcée par l’intermédiaire d’études de cas puisés dans les travaux de différents auteurs qui ont étudié ces questions (Bauche, Léon, Berruto, Lodge, etc.). Deux autres sections discutent la langue des jeunes et les contacts de langues, notamment la pratique des jeunes issus de l’immigration. Le dernier chapitre traite de l’ajustement entre interlocuteurs (Pourquoi un locuteur ne parle-t-il pas toujours de la même façon ? ). L’auteure remet en question la représentation traditionnelle des niveaux de langue (soutenu, standard, familier, populaire). Un tel découpage pose problème, en effet, parce qu’il suggère que les niveaux pourraient se définir à travers des listes de phénomènes, comme le signale Gadet. Une brève conclusion rappelle les thèmes à l’étude et les buts de la recherche. Bref, par sa clarté, sa rigueur et son caractère synthétique, cette nouvelle édition constitue une version améliorée d’un excellent ouvrage susceptible d’aider chercheurs, enseignants et étudiants. La variation sociale en français est un livre dont la lecture se révèle aussi passionnante qu’instructive pour quiconque s’intéresse à l’enseignement du français, à la linguistique française, à la sociolinguistique ou tout simplement à la langue française.
A critical account of employability construction through the eyes of Chinese postgraduate students in the UK

This paper presents a multiple (n = 23), longitudinal case study of the construction of personal employability by Chinese students at a UK university. It draws on the work of Brown and Hesketh to frame notions of employability in order to understand how these students engage with the international and Chinese labour markets from their own perspectives. The findings suggest that although overseas education is still seen by these students as contributing to their employability in general, there is a decline in the labour market value of the ‘hard currencies’ that overseas qualification carries whilst the ‘soft currencies’ gained from the overseas experiences are of more significant merit. The study also reveals that some concepts developed by Brown and Hesketh, such as ‘purists’ vs. ‘players’ and ‘personal capital’, need to be interpreted and contextualised differently when applied in an international context and outlines how this might be achieved in relation to Chinese students by introducing a Chinese concept – ‘SuZhi’(素质). It is found that the discourse of ‘SuZhi’ has stronger explanatory power for the phenomenon being studied given its broader social applicability rather than being as directly and narrowly instrumental to employability as is the notion of personal capital.
Inner Creation in Knower and Known, Observer and Observed, Theorist and Theorized: I. Introduction

This paper is the first part of a series. The series suggests that attitude toward equilibrium theorizing varies inversely with capacity for Rorschachian inner creation (production of Rorschach movement responses), regardless of discipline or of object of theory (e.g., biological, economic, psychological, or social systems). Positively, it suggests that capacity for inner creation may be conceived as a property of both subject and object, i.e., knower and known, observer and observed, theorist and theorized, that the capacity for Rorschachian inner creation is (among other things) the capacity for cognizing the capacity for inner creation in biological, economic, psychological, social, and other systems. More specifically, the series proposes an appeal of Hegelian, Marxian, and Schumpeterian theorizing that has nothing to do with politics, economics, or sociology, and that links it to the “Leibnizian” tradition in psychology. Similarly, it proposes that a kind of movement alleged to exist in life, nature, or history—whether by psychological specialists discussing change in mental patients or by sociologists and philosophers discussing social change—has much to do with the kind in the Rorschach test. In short, the series proposes (1) dialectical thinking as one dimension of what Rorschach meant by inner creation, (2) that such thinking may be seen as not only Hegelian-Marxian-Schumpeterian but also as what Allport meant by Leibnizian, and (3) that no matter how much political difference may exist between Leibnizian, Hegelian, Marxian, or Schumpeterian scholars and scientists, they are of kindred outlook when it comes to the attitudes, beliefs, or values that are the correlates of high Rorschach movement production.
[Necrotizing enterocolitis and apnoeas-bradycardias of the preterm newborn].

UNLABELLED We conducted a case control study during six and a half years with the objective to analyse the risk factors for NEC. POPULATION AND METHODS All cases of confirmed NEC matched to controls for identical gestational age and period of hospitalization; apnoeas-bradycardias prospectively counted. RESULTS Forty-five cases were compared to 89 controls. The isolated risk factors were: an intra-uterine growth retardation (OR = 3,65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1,54-8,63); a birth weight < 1000 g (OR = 8,16, CI 95%: 1,17-56,62), compared to a weight >/= 1500 g; a triple antibiotherapy (OR = 6,15, CI 95%: 1,16-32,45); an umbilical venous catheterization (OR = 2,64, CI 95%: 1,09-6,44); a number of simple apnoeas-bradycardias >/= 3rd tercile (n = 27) (OR = 4,54, CI 95%: 1,29-15,93), or severe (stimulated or with hypoxia) apnoeas-bradycardias >/= 3rd tercile (n = 8) (OR = 6,15, CI 95%: 1,59-23,75); an haemoglobin level lower than the 1(st) tercile (95 g/L) (OR = 5,90, CI 95%: 1,20-20,13); and milk thickening by Gumilk (OR = 2,78, CI 95%: 1,11-6,90). CONCLUSION In the present practices, anoxo-ischemic factors during the first week of life do not represent an important risk of NEC; a great vigilance must be exercised for indications of the triple antibiotherapy and the treatment of apnoeas-bradycardias.
Components of attention.

The study of human attention may be divided into three components. These are alertness, selectivity, and processing capacity. This paper outlines experimental techniques designed to separate these components and examine their interrelations within comparable tasks. It is shown that a stimulus may be used to increase alertness for processing all external information, to improve selection of particular stimuli, or to do both simultaneously. Development of alertness and selectivity are separable, but they may go on together without interference. Moreover, encoding a stimulus may proceed without producing interference with other signals. Thus, the contact between an external stimulus and its representation in memory does not appear to require processing capacity. Limited capacity results are obtained when mental operations such as response selection or rehearsal must be performed on the encoded information.
LD and Normal Adolescents' Causal Attributions of Success and Failure at Different Levels of Task Difficulty

The purpose of this study was to investigate learning disabled and normal adolescents' causal attributions of success and failure performances on various levels of task difficulty (easy, moderate, difficult). The results indicated that the students' perceptions of the task difficulty levels was a significant determinant of the two groups' differing causal attributions; locus of control was inadequate for explaining the differences in attribution ascribed by the two groups. In many respects, the learning disabled students' causal ascriptions for performance outcomes were similar to those of students classified as failure oriented.
Neuroprotective effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis in an oxidative stress model of cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion injury in rats

Context: The ischemic brain lesions induced in rats by temporary occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and restoration of blood flow to an ischemic brain region is associated with generation of reactive oxygen species with consequent reperfusion injury. Objective: The present study investigated the neuroprotective potential of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. (Malvaceae) in a bilateral common carotid artery (BCCA) occlusion model of global cerebral ischemic reperfusion. Materials and methods: The animals underwent 30 min BCCA occlusion and 45 min reperfusion. The methanol extract of H. sinensis (100, 200, 300 mg/kg/day for 6 days, p.o.) was administered 30 min before induction of BCCA occlusion. Results: The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion resulted in increase in lipid peroxidation, and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GSH) activity. The extract attenuated the ischemic reperfusion-induced increase in lipid peroxidation and fall in SOD, CAT, and GSH levels. The cerebral hypoperfusion caused a propensity towards anxiety and was accompanied by deficits of learning and memory. The extract ameliorated anxiety and there was improvement of learning and memory. Discussion: The administration of H. sinensis prevented the oxidative stress and the biochemical changes associated with cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. The mechanism of such protection of H. sinensis may be due to cerebral adaptation, through augmentation of cellular antioxidants such as GSH, SOD and CAT. The results suggest the protective role of H. sinensis in ischemic reperfusion injury. Conclusion: This study indicates the beneficial role of H. sinensis in cerebrovascular insufficiency states and dementia.
Work–family interface and its relationship with job performance: the moderating role of conscientiousness and agreeableness

This study examines the relationship between work–family interface and job performance. Furthermore, it focuses on the moderating role of conscientiousness, agreeableness, and the relationship between work–family interface (inter-role conflict and inter-role integration) and job performance. A purposive sample of 345 residents of Karachi consisting of 173 males and 172 females, belonging to double income families and employed in various factories, participated in the study. Data were collected using the Work–Family Interface Scale, the Job Performance Scale, and two personality dimensions of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Conscientiousness and Agreeableness). Multiple regression analysis results indicated that the inter-role conflict dimension of work–family interface and agreeableness dimension of personality were significantly negatively associated with job performance. Conscientiousness and agreeableness significantly moderated inter-role integration and job performance, whereas no evidence was found of them having a moderating role in inter-role conflict and job performance. This research contributes towards an understanding of the role of positive dispositional attributes moderating between both aspects of work–family interface and job performance.
On the Impact of Personality in Massive Open Online Learning

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have gained considerable momentum since their inception in 2011. They are, however, plagued by two issues that threaten their future: learner engagement and learner retention. MOOCs regularly attract tens of thousands of learners, though only a very small percentage complete them successfully. In the traditional classroom setting, it has been established that personality impacts different aspects of learning. It is an open question to what extent this finding translates to MOOCs: do learners' personalities impact their learning & learning behaviour in the MOOC setting? In this paper, we explore this question and analyse the personality profiles and learning traces of hundreds of learners that have taken a EX101x Data Analysis MOOC on the edX platform. We find learners' personality traits to only weakly correlate with learning as captured through the data traces learners leave on edX.
A re-examination of religious fundamentalism: positive implications for coping

The majority of the research on religious fundamentalism explores its negative implications. Religious coping theory provides an opportunity to examine both positive and negative implications of fundamentalism. The present study incorporated various advanced methodologies utilised in the religious coping literature (mediation analyses, hierarchical regression procedures, and longitudinal design) to assess the relationship between religious fundamentalism and religious coping in 723 American college students. Religious fundamentalism was associated with a number of religious coping strategies that have positive implications and inversely related to religious coping with negative associations. Fundamentalism predicted religious coping over and above right-wing authoritarianism and religious orthodoxy. The religious coping methods mediated the relationship between religious fundamentalism and adjustment to stress both concurrently and over time. Limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are offered.
Response to intervention: Accountability in action

Response to Intervention (RTI) is a popular if controversial initiative developed largely in the USA, but which is, as yet, little known in general education in Australia. However, this may change given the increased attention to accountability in recent times. The national NAPLAN and international PISA assessments are leading to pressure being placed on schools to lift student performance. It is possible that RTI may be seen by school systems as a means of providing data demonstrating effectiveness, and also a way of providing a direction for schools' responses to that data. The expectation that general education teachers provide evidence-based instruction and regular progress monitoring would, however, represent a significant change when compared to current practice in Australia. This paper presents a brief history of the development of RTI, an introduction to the RTI framework and its application in regular and special education. It also examines some of the issues that would arise if it were to be introduced into Australian mainstream education.
Fostering Organizational Learning: The Impact of Work Design on Workarounds, Errors, and Speaking Up about Internal Supply Chain Problems

A potential avenue for organizational learning is frontline employees’ experience with internal supply chain problems. However, extensive research has established that employees rarely speak up to managers about problems. They tend to work around problems without additional effort to create organizational learning. This paper tests the premise that managerial action, via work design, can alter this dynamic. We use laboratory experiments to test the impact of three work design variables on proactive, improvement-oriented behaviors, workarounds, and errors. We find that two out of the three work design variables were effective at inducing proactive improvement-oriented behavior. Our results suggest that small changes in job design can reduce employee silence about organizational problems. Furthermore, we test the impact of the variables on risky workarounds and errors to account for unanticipated negative effects of work design to facilitate speaking up.
Competencies acquisition through self‐directed learning among Malaysian managers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how Malaysian managers acquire job competencies through self‐directed learning activities at their workplace. Specifically it aims to investigate what types of job competencies are required for the managers, how they learn to acquire those competencies, and whether the managers have the self‐directed learning attributes and capability to acquire job competencies by self‐directed learning activities.Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected through survey. The survey adapted the Self‐Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) developed by Guglielmino. In total 238 respondents participated in this study.Findings – The findings show that the respondents have identified communication, managerial, and job knowledge as the main competencies required for their jobs. Most of these competencies are acquired through on‐the‐job training, working as part of a team and self‐education. The findings also reveal that the respondents do possess the attributes of.
Global analysis of protein-protein interactions reveals multiple CYP2E1-reductase complexes.

Although a single binary functional complex between cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP for a specific isoform) and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) has been generally accepted in the literature, this simple model failed to explain the experimentally observed catalytic activity of recombinant CYP2E1 in dependence on the total concentration of the added CPR-K56Q mutant. Our rejection of the simplest 1:1 binding model was based on two independent lines of experimental evidence. First, under the assumption of the 1:1 binding model, separate analyses of titration curves obtained while varying either P450 or CPR concentrations individually produced contradictory results. Second, an asymmetric Job plot suggested the existence of higher order molecular complexes. To identify the most probable complexation mechanism, we generated a comprehensive data set where the concentrations of both P450 and P450 were varied simultaneously, rather than one at a time. The resulting two-dimensional data were globally fit to 32 candidate mechanistic models, involving the formation of binary, ternary, and quaternary P450.CPR complexes, in the absence or presence or P450 and CPR homodimers. Of the 32 candidate models (mechanisms), two models were approximately equally successful in explaining our experimental data. The first plausible model involves the binary complex P450.CPR, the quaternary complex (P450)2. (CPR)2, and the homodimer (P450)2. The second plausible model additionally involves a weakly bound ternary complex (P450)2.CPR. Importantly, only the binary complex P450.CPR seems catalytically active in either of the two most probable mechanisms.
Effects of Radiation Therapy on Myocardial Cell Integrity and Pump Function: Which Role for Cardiac Biomarkers?

Background: Radiation therapy to the mediastinum and breast can be associated with cardiac complications. Cardiac damage may manifest early during radiation therapy or occur late, years after radiation therapy has been finished. Hypothesis: Myocardial damage is associated with the release of both troponin I (TnI) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The current study sought to determine whether radiation treatment to the mediastinum and breast leads to the release of cardiac biomarkers. Methods: The study comprised 23 patients: 18 with lung cancer and 5 with breast cancer. Radiation therapy was performed for up to 6 weeks. Total radiation dose was >45 Gy in each patient with a dose of 1.8 Gy per fraction. Blood samples to determine TnI and BNP were taken before and once a week during radiation therapy. Echocardiography was done before and after radiation had been finished. Results: Two patients died during the study. Both TnI and BNP levels increased significantly during the study (log10 scale); however, absolute and mean values remained on a relatively low level (mean preradiation and postradiation TnI: 0.007 ± 0.008, 0.014 ± 0.01 ng/ml; mean preradiation and postradiation BNP: 123 ± 147, 159 ± 184 pg/ml). Conclusion: Radiation therapy leads to cardiac cell damage and changes in the left ventricular loading conditions as suggested by a significant increase of the cardiac biomarkers TnI and BNP. Determination of serum levels seems to be superior to echocardiography in detecting radiation-induced cardiac damage. Serial measurements of cardiac biomarkers may facilitate the management of patients undergoing radiation therapy and may help to define subgroups at high risk of developing heart failure.
Impact or Content?

Should public broadcasters pay more attention to ratings, even if this will inevitably entail a lowering of quality? Or should they remain loyal to what they have been doing all along, focusing on their core business of quality programming, even if this means that their audience is likely to become smaller in the years ahead? The issue of ratings versus quality continues to haunt public broadcasting as an unresolved dilemma. This article explores the available exit options. Contrary to the view of most involved - those in the industry, academics and literary critics - the article describes how public broadcasters can better achieve their three main objectives (making quality programmes, supplying good information and involving people in a democratic culture), if they pay more attention to their audiences and also consider ‘impact’ as a hallmark of public quality programming. The ‘enjoyer’, should be taken just as seriously as the familiar ‘citizen’ and ‘consumer’. The argument is based on the careful analysis of policy documents and in-depth interviews with 48 professionals that leads to a breakdown of professional TV quality discourse into five different, often contradictory, repertoires - a taxonomy that is more productive than those commonly used
Assessment of a novel hybrid Delphi and Nominal Groups technique to evaluate quality indicators.

OBJECTIVE To test the implementation of a novel structured panel process in the evaluation of quality indicators. DATA SOURCE National panel of 64 clinicians rating usefulness of indicator applications in 2008-2009. STUDY DESIGN Hybrid panel combined Delphi Group and Nominal Group (NG) techniques to evaluate 81 indicator applications. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The Delphi Group and NG rated 56 percent of indicator applications similarly. Group assignment (Delphi versus Nominal) was not significantly associated with mean ratings, but specialty and research interests of panelists, and indicator factors such as denominator level and proposed use were. Rating distributions narrowed significantly in 20.8 percent of applications between review rounds. CONCLUSIONS The hybrid panel process facilitated information exchange and tightened rating distributions. Future assessments of this method might include a control panel.