Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compensated Deleterious Mutations in Insect Genomes

Relatively little is known about the importance of amino acid interactions in protein and phenotypic evolution. Here we examine whether mutations that are pathogenic in Drosophila melanogaster become fixed via epistasis in other Dipteran genomes. Overall divergence at pathogenic amino acid sites is reduced. However, ∼10% of the substitutions at these sites carry the exact same pathogenic amino acid found in D. melanogaster mutants. Hence compensatory mutation(s) must have evolved. Surprisingly, the fraction 10% is not affected by phylogenetic distance. These results support a selection-driven process that allows compensated amino acid substitutions to become rapidly fixed in taxa with large populations.
All-trans retinoic acid and low-dose cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of 'poor prognosis' acute myeloid leukemia.

Thirty-three patients with 'poor prognosis' acute myeloid leukemia, no longer suitable for aggressive chemotherapy, were treated with daily oral all-trans retinoic acid (45 mg/m2) daily and subcutaneous cytosine arabinoside (20 mg standard dose twice a day, day 1 to 10, every 4 weeks). Seventeen patients were males and 16 females, the median age was 67 (range 39-82 years). Eleven patients were at onset of disease, 15 were refractory to previous conventional therapies, three were in first relapse and three in second relapse and one patient had a secondary AML. Seventeen patients had a bone marrow blast infiltration < 50% and 16 > or = 50%. A total of 16 (48%) patients entered complete remission; the rate of complete remission increased to 88% in those patients (n = 17) with < 50% blast infiltration at the time of entering the study. Seventeen patients (52%) were resistant. The difference in response to therapy, according to bone marrow blast percentage (< or > or = 50%), was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Median duration of complete remission was 34.4 weeks (range 6.4-62.8). Mild to moderate hematologic toxicity was the most common side-effect. In conclusion all-trans retinoic acid and low-dose cytosine arabinoside appears to be an effective regimen for inducing complete remission in 'poor prognosis' acute myeloid leukemia and patients with < 50% bone marrow infiltration are likely to represent the ideal target to receive this combination therapy.
S-phase–specific radiosensitization by gemcitabine for therapeutic carbon ion exposure in vitro

Densely ionizing charged particle irradiation offers physical as well as biological advantages compared with photon irradiation. Radiobiological data for the combination of such particle irradiation (i.e. therapeutic carbon ions) with commonly used chemotherapeutics are still limited. Recent in vitro results indicate a general prevalence of additive cytotoxic effects in combined treatments, but an extension of established multimodal treatment regimens with photons to the inclusion of particle therapy needs to evaluate possible peculiarities of using high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. The present study investigates the effect of combined radiochemotherapy using gemcitabine and high-LET irradiation with therapeutic carbon ions. In particular, the earlier observation of S-phase specific radiosensitization with photon irradiation should be evaluated with carbon ions. In the absence of the drug gemcitabine, carbon ion irradiation produced the typical survival behavior seen with X-rays—increased relative biological efficiency, and depletion of the survival curve's shoulder. By means of serum deprivation and subsequent replenishment, ∼70% S-phase content of the cell population was achieved, and such preparations showed radioresistance in both treatment arms—,photon and carbon ion irradiation. Combined modality treatment with gemcitabine caused significant reduction of clonogenic survival especially for the S-phase cells. WIDR cells exhibited S-phase–specific radioresistance with high-LET irradiation, although this was less pronounced than for X-ray exposure. The combined treatment with therapeutic carbon ions and gemcitabine caused the resistance phenomenon to disappear phenotypically.
Helping People Change: A Textbook of Methods

Helping People Change-Richard Boyatzis 2019-08-20 You're trying to help--but is it working? Helping others is a good thing. Often, as a leader, manager, doctor, teacher, or coach, it's central to your job. But even the most well-intentioned efforts to help others can be undermined by a simple truth: We almost always focus on trying to "fix" people, correcting problems or filling the gaps between where they are and where we think they should be. Unfortunately, this doesn't work well, if at all, to inspire sustained learning or positive change. There's a better way. In this powerful, practical book, emotional intelligence expert Richard Boyatzis and Weatherhead School of Management colleagues Melvin Smith and Ellen Van Oosten present a clear and hopeful message. The way to help someone learn and change, they say, cannot be focused primarily on fixing problems, but instead must connect to that person's positive vision of themselves or an inspiring dream or goal they've long held. This is what great coaches do--they know that people draw energy from their visions and dreams, and that same energy sustains their efforts to change, even through difficult times. In contrast, problem-centered approaches trigger physiological responses that make a person defensive and less open to new ideas. The authors use rich and moving real-life stories, as well as decades of original research, to show how this distinctively positive mode of coaching—what they call "coaching with compassion"--opens people up to thinking creatively and helps them to learn and grow in meaningful and sustainable ways. Filled with probing questions and exercises that encourage self-reflection, Helping People Change will forever alter the way all of us think about and practice what we do when we try to help.
Optimal feedback control successfully explains changes in neural modulations during experiments with brain-machine interfaces

Recent experiments with brain-machine-interfaces (BMIs) indicate that the extent of neural modulations increased abruptly upon starting to operate the interface, and especially after the monkey stopped moving its hand. In contrast, neural modulations that are correlated with the kinematics of the movement remained relatively unchanged. Here we demonstrate that similar changes are produced by simulated neurons that encode the relevant signals generated by an optimal feedback controller during simulated BMI experiments. The optimal feedback controller relies on state estimation that integrates both visual and proprioceptive feedback with prior estimations from an internal model. The processing required for optimal state estimation and control were conducted in the state-space, and neural recording was simulated by modeling two populations of neurons that encode either only the estimated state or also the control signal. Spike counts were generated as realizations of doubly stochastic Poisson processes with linear tuning curves. The model successfully reconstructs the main features of the kinematics and neural activity during regular reaching movements. Most importantly, the activity of the simulated neurons successfully reproduces the observed changes in neural modulations upon switching to brain control. Further theoretical analysis and simulations indicate that increasing the process noise during normal reaching movement results in similar changes in neural modulations. Thus, we conclude that the observed changes in neural modulations during BMI experiments can be attributed to increasing process noise associated with the imperfect BMI filter, and, more directly, to the resulting increase in the variance of the encoded signals associated with state estimation and the required control signal.
Naturally Acquired Antibodies against Four Enterococcus faecalis Capsular Polysaccharides in Healthy Human Sera

ABSTRACT Healthy human sera (HHS) contain naturally acquired enterococcal antibodies which promote neutrophil-mediated killing. The target antigens remain unknown. The present study used a capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate whether the HHS antibodies of 12 healthy donors bound to the CPS of four E. faecalis serotypes (CPS-A to CPS-D) and then employed an opsonic-killing assay to determine if these antibodies mediated phagocyte-dependent killing. All HHS contained immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies directed against capsular polysaccharides of the four serotypes. Absorption of the sera with homologous and heterologous strains showed a majority of antibodies to be cross-reactive among the prototype strains. The susceptibility of the four prototype strains to opsonic killing varied. Opsonic killing of CPS-A and CPS-B strains was significantly higher than killing of CPS-C and CPS-D strains. Absorption studies revealed that the opsonic killing of HHS was only partially type specific, with cross-reactivity between CPS-A and CPS-B strains and between CPS-C and CPS-D strains. These data indicate that healthy individuals possess opsonic antibodies specific for CPS-A and CPS-B but only low titers of opsonic antibodies against CPS-C and CPS-D. Titers of opsonic antibodies did not correlate with antibody titers measured by ELISA. Whether this lack of correlation is due to the low frequency of opsonic antibodies or to increased resistance to the opsonophagocytic killing of some serotypes remains to be determined.
EFFECTS OF REDUCING DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN WITH AMINO ACIDS SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL WHITE LEGHORN LAYERS DURING LATE PRODUCTION PERIOD

Several strategies are being developed to minimize nitrogen (N) pollution from poultry waste in areas with high concentrations of commercial poultry operations. This study focus on the effect of feeding reduced protein (CP) diets on laying hens housed under commercial conditions. The experiment was carried out using 144 Hy-Line W-36 hens which were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatment groups. Corn-soy based diets varying in dietary crude protein (CP) levels supplemented with commercially amino acids as follows: [1] 17% CP + Met, [2] 16% CP + Met & Lys, [3] 15% CP + Met & Lys, and [4] 14% CP + Met, Lys & Thr, were fed to layers from 53 to 64 weeks of age. Cage was considered the experimental unit (4 hens/cage), and each treatment was replicated 9 times. Using final body weights (BW), feed consumption (FC), protein intake (PI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production (EP), egg weights (EW), egg mass (EM) and egg components and solids data as growth and productive parameters during the studied period (11 weeks), one slope, broken-line regression models were employed to estimate the break point for each parameter due to reducing CP in Commercial White Leghorn hens diets. Mean differences in BW, FC and FCR among dietary CP levels were not significantly different. However, PI data showed that reducing dietary CP levels resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.001) PI linear reduction in hens fed the 14% CP consuming the lowest PI 13.10 g/ hen as compared to all other dietary CP treatments. Estimating PI break point, hens fed the 16.78% CP consumed 16.01 g/ hen which was similar (P ≤ 0.001) to 17% CP and higher than hens fed 14, 15 or 16% CP, respectively. Numerically higher EP was recorded for hens fed on the 17% CP diet (84.74%), and heavier EW was recorded for the 16% CP (63.34 g). Albumen solids were reduced
A Compact Formulation for the $\ell _{2,1}$ Mixed-Norm Minimization Problem

Parameter estimation from multiple measurement vectors (MMVs) is a fundamental problem in many signal processing applications, e.g., spectral analysis and direction-of-arrival estimation. Recently, this problem has been addressed using prior information in form of a jointly sparse signal structure. A prominent approach for exploiting joint sparsity considers mixed-norm minimization in which, however, the problem size grows with the number of measurements and the desired resolution, respectively. In this work, we derive an equivalent, compact reformulation of the $\ell _{2,1}$ mixed-norm minimization problem that provides new insights on the relation between different existing approaches for jointly sparse signal reconstruction. The reformulation builds upon a compact parameterization, which models the row-norms of the sparse signal representation as parameters of interest, resulting in a significant reduction of the MMV problem size. Given the sparse vector of row-norms, the jointly sparse signal can be computed from the MMVs in closed form. For the special case of uniform linear sampling, we present an extension of the compact formulation for gridless parameter estimation by means of semidefinite programming. Furthermore, we prove in this case the exact equivalence between our compact problem formulation and the atomic-norm minimization. Additionally, for the case of irregular sampling or a large number of samples, we present a low complexity, grid-based implementation based on the coordinate descent method.
Nurses’ Pain Management for Hospitalized Elderly Patients With Postoperative Pain

Using the theory of planned behavior, the study aim was to determine the relationships among nurses’ beliefs, attitudes, perceived norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behavior regarding pain management for hospitalized elderly patients with postoperative pain. A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 140 nurses working in adult surgical units at three hospitals. Based on path analyses, nurses’ behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, respectively, had direct effects on their attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control regarding pain management. Nurses’ attitudes and perceived norms had direct effects on their pain management intentions. However, nurses’ intentions had no direct effect on their behavior (measured by responses to questions about case study vignettes). This study highlights the need for education that enhances nurses’ perceptions of pain management benefits, the influence of normative referents, and their ability to assess pain and administer pro re nata (PRN) opioid analgesics.
‘The doctor’s mother’ or ‘the mother of the doctor’?: Syntactic priming of possessive noun phrases in English preschoolers

syntax in young children’s noun phrases. The Proceedings of the 29 th Boston University Conference on Language Development. Brugos, A. , Clark-Cotton, M.R. , and Ha, S. (Eds.), 109-121. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press. Branigan, H.P., Pickering, M.J. and Cleland, A.A. (2000). Syntactic co-ordination in dialogue. Cognition
Neurophysiological assessment of divers with medical histories of neurological decompression illness.

OBJECTIVE--To examine the possibility that subclinical damage may persist after clinical recovery from neurological decompression illness. METHODS--The neuraxes of 71 divers with medical histories of neurological decompression illness and 37 non-diver controls were examined by recording the somatosensory evoked potentials produced on stimulation of the posterior tibial and median nerves. RESULTS--Although the tests gave some objective support for the presence of "soft" residual neurological symptoms and signs, no evidence was given for the presence of subclinical damage. CONCLUSIONS--The contention that neurological damage persists after full clinical recovery from the neurological decompression illness was not supported.
A Dynamic and Stochastic Analysis of Decision Making in Arranged Marriages

In a recent paper, Batabyal (Theory and Decision, 1997) has analysed the decision making process in arranged marriages. In particular, Batabyal shows that a marrying agent's optimal policy depends only on the nature of the current marriage proposal, independent of whether there is recall of previous marriage proposals. In this paper, this line of enquiry is continued by focusing on the decision problem faced by a marrying agent who wishes to maximize the probability of getting married to the best possible person. Inter alia, it is shown that this agent's optimal policy calls for waiting a while, and saying yes to the first candidate thereafter.
Networked Masculinities and Social Networking Sites: A Call for the Analysis of Men and Contemporary Digital Media

It is of course recognised that technology is gendered and is implicated in gender relations. However, it continues to be the case that men’s experiences with technology are underexplored and the situation is even more problematic where digital media is concerned. Over the past 30 years we have witnessed a dramatic rise in the pervasiveness of digital media across many parts of the world and as associated with wide ranging aspects of our lives. This rise has been fuelled over the last decade by the emergence of Web 2.0 and particularly Social Networking Sites (SNS). Given this context, I believe it is necessary for us to undertake more work to understand men’s engagements with digital media, the implications this might have for masculinities and the analysis of gender relations more generally. To begin to unpack this area, I engage theorizations of the properties of digital media networks and integrate this with the masculinity studies field. Using this framework, I suggest we need to consider the rise in what I call networked masculinities - those masculinities (co)produced and reproduced with digitally networked publics. Through this analysis I discuss themes related to digital mediators, relationships, play and leisure, work and commerce, and ethics. I conclude that as masculinities can be, and are being, complicated and given agency by advancing notions and practices of connectivity, mobility, classification and convergence, those engaged with masculinity studies and digital media have much to contribute.
Delay-Limited Source and Channel Coding of Quasi-Stationary Sources over Block Fading Channels: Design and Scaling Laws

In this paper, delay-limited transmission of quasi-stationary sources over block fading channels is considered. Considering distortion outage probability as the performance measure, two source and channel coding schemes with power adaptive transmission are presented. The first one is optimized for fixed rate transmission, and hence enjoys simplicity of implementation. The second one is a high performance scheme, which also benefits from optimized rate adaptation with respect to source and channel states. In high SNR regime, the performance scaling laws in terms of outage distortion exponent and asymptotic outage distortion gain are derived, where two schemes with fixed transmission power and adaptive or optimized fixed rates are considered as benchmarks for comparisons. Various analytical and numerical results are provided which demonstrate a superior performance for source and channel optimized rate and power adaptive scheme. It is also observed that from a distortion outage perspective, the fixed rate adaptive power scheme substantially outperforms an adaptive rate fixed power scheme for delay-limited transmission of quasi-stationary sources over wireless block fading channels. The effect of the characteristics of the quasi-stationary source on performance, and the implication of the results for transmission of stationary sources are also investigated.
Crossing cultures: US student teacher observations of pedagogy, learning, and practice in Plymouth, UK schools

International internships can assist pre-service teachers in beginning to build a repository of successful strategies for learning and becoming members of the global educational community. These include school settings and scheduling; use of curriculum and resources; instructional skills and strategies, including lesson planning; and classroom management, including management of student behaviours. The current study examines the reflections of 56 undergraduate teacher education students from Florida who took part in a three-week international internship in Plymouth, UK. The primary purpose of the study was to determine the areas in which the experience had an impact on their pedagogical awareness. Specifically, the research question was: ‘How does the short-term study abroad internship impact pre-service teachers' perceptions or understanding of: professional school relationships, and classroom management and structure? '
Career Development and Counseling

Preface. Contributors. SECTION ONE: MAJOR THEORIES OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT, CHOICE, AND ADJUSTMENT. 1. The Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment (Rene V. Dawis). 2. Holland's Theory of Vocational Personalities in Work Environments (Arnold R. Spokane and Maria Cristina Cruza-Guet). 3. The Theory and Practice of Career Construction (Mark L. Savickas). 4. Applying Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise in Career Guidance and Counseling (Linda S. Gottfredson). 5. A Social Cognitive View of Career Development and Counseling (Robert W. Lent). SECTION TWO: INFORMATIVE RESEARCH. 6. Occupational Aspirations: Constructs, Meanings, and Application (Jay W. Rojewski). 7. Job Search Success: A Review and Integration of the Predictors, Behaviors, and Outcomes (Alan M. Saks). 8. Theories and Research on Job Satisfaction (Barbara A. Fritzsche and Tiffany J. Parrish). 9. Work Performance and Careers (Joyce E. A. Russell). 10. Career Development in Context: Research with People of Color (Roger L. Worthington, Lisa Y. Flores, and Rachel L. Navarro). 11. Women's Career Development (Nancy E. Betz). SECTION THREE: ASSESSMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION. 12. Assessment of Interests (Jo-Ida C. Hansen). 13. Assessment of Needs and Values (James B. Rounds and Patrick Ian Armstrong). 14. Ability Assessment in Career Counseling (Nancy E. Ryan Krane and William C. Tirre). 15. Beyond Interests, Needs/Values, and Abilities: Assessing Other Important Career Constructs over the Life Span (Jane L. Swanson and Catalina D'Achiardi). 16. Occupational Classification and Sources of Occupational Information (Paul A. Gore Jr. and Jorie L. Hitch). SECTION FOUR: CAREER INTERVENTIONS ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN. 17. Promoting Career Development and Aspirations in School-Age Youth (Sherri L. Turner and Richard T. Lapan). 18. Counseling for Career Choice: Implications for Improving Interventions and Working with Diverse Populations (Matthew J. Miller and Steven D. Brown). 19. Counseling for Choice Implementation (LaRae M. Jome and Susan D. Phillips). 20. Counseling for Work Adjustment (Barbara Griffin and Beryl Hesketh). 21. Counseling for Retirement (Harvey L. Sterns and Linda Mezydlo Subich). SECTION FIVE: SPECIAL NEEDS AND APPLICATIONS. 22. Promoting the Career Development and Academic Achievement of At-Risk Youth: College Access Programs (Consuelo Arbona). 23. Promoting the Career Potential of Youth with Disabilities (Ellen S. Fabian and James J. Liesener). 24. Broadening Our Understanding of Work-Bound Youth: A Challenge for Career Counseling (Cindy L. Juntunen and Kara Brita Wettersten). 25. Blending Promise with Passion: Best Practices for Counseling Intellectually Talented Youth (John A. Achter and David Lubinski). 26. Counseling for Career Transition: Career Pathing, Job Loss, and Reentry (Becky L. Bobek and Steven B. Robbins). Author Index. Subject Index.