Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choice: what, when and why? Exploring the importance of choice to disabled people

Extending choice and control over public services is central to current policies in England. Such policies have immense potential for independence and well‐being. However, it is still not clear how disabled people conceptualise choices, what choices are important, for which groups of people, in what areas of life and why. This paper presents findings from the first phase of a longitudinal qualitative study of choice and control over the life‐course. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with 111 participants including disabled young people with progressive conditions; their parents; adults and older people with fluctuating support needs and those experiencing sudden deterioration in health. The findings suggest that while most people across all study groups wanted to be able to make choices in all areas of their lives, there are significant differences in the importance they attach to specific choices. The findings have implications for service reforms and identify some policy and practice issues that need to be addressed.
Reel Latinas? Race, gender, and asymmetric recognition in contemporary film

This article argues that idealized portrayals of immigrants prevalent in political discourse must be scrutinized for their support of gender and racial nationalism and the effects they have on our understanding of (Latina/o) immigrant inclusion and democracy. Through the examination of three contemporary films with Latina leads – Real Women Have Curves, Spanglish, and Quinceañera – the article argues that these discourses rely on an asymmetric recognition of Latina/os. This form of recognition involves the denial by dominant groups of their inter-dependency with other groups and the imposition on Latina/os of an identity that does not threaten their privileged standing. The films offer views of Latina/o culture as overtly traditional; a “culture” that must either be abandoned or appropriated by anti-feminist (postfeminist) agendas in order to assuage anxieties regarding the transformations of the heteronormative middle-class family. The article concludes by drawing parallels between the positive portrayals of Latinas in these films and prominent arguments in the immigration debate that rely on constructions of deserving immigrants to push for extensions of membership.
A case of mandible Paget’s disease of the bone treated with intravenous neridronate

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a focal disorder of osteoclasts, leading to chaotic bone remodelling, and it is characterized by the presence of focal areas of excessive bone formation alongside with areas of focal bone resorption. The typical radiographic feature is the cotton wool appearance. To date, bisphosphonates are the mainstay of the treatment. We hereby report the case of a young woman presenting with mandible PDB, with a relevant diagnostic delay and mistakenly treated for five years with chronic oral corticosteroids. After our evaluation, the patient received treatment with intravenous neridronate (an amino-bisphosphonate licensed in Italy for the treatment of this disease), with achievement of clinical remission.
Determination of the Sea Surface Salinity Error Budget in the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission will provide sea surface salinity maps over the oceans, beginning in late 2009. In this paper an ocean salinity error budget is described, an analysis needed to identify the magnitude of the error sources associated with the retrieval. Instrumental, external noise sources, and geophysical errors have been analyzed, stressing their relative impact. This paper includes results from previous studies, addressing the impact of multisource auxiliary sea surface temperature and wind speed data on the final salinity error. It provides, moreover, a sensitivity analysis to the uncertainty of the auxiliary salinity field. Salinity retrieval has been addressed in a wide set of configurations of the inversion algorithm.
Cardiovascular Risk of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Coronary Heart Disease Patients

Background— Exercise performed at higher relative intensities has been found to elicit a greater increase in aerobic capacity and greater cardioprotective effects than exercise at moderate intensities. An inverse association has also been detected between the relative intensity of physical activity and the risk of developing coronary heart disease, independent of the total volume of physical activity. Despite that higher levels of physical activity are effective in reducing cardiovascular events, it is also advocated that vigorous exercise could acutely and transiently increase the risk of sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction in susceptible persons. This issue may affect cardiac rehabilitation. Methods and Results— We examined the risk of cardiovascular events during organized high-intensity interval exercise training and moderate-intensity training among 4846 patients with coronary heart disease in 3 Norwegian cardiac rehabilitation centers. In a total of 175 820 exercise training hours during which all patients performed both types of training, we found 1 fatal cardiac arrest during moderate-intensity exercise (129 456 exercise hours) and 2 nonfatal cardiac arrests during high-intensity interval exercise (46 364 exercise hours). There were no myocardial infarctions in the data material. Because the number of high-intensity training hours was 36% of the number of moderate-intensity hours, the rates of complications to the number of patient-exercise hours were 1 per 129 456 hours of moderate-intensity exercise and 1 per 23 182 hours of high-intensity exercise. Conclusions— The results of the current study indicate that the risk of a cardiovascular event is low after both high-intensity exercise and moderate-intensity exercise in a cardiovascular rehabilitation setting. Considering the significant cardiovascular adaptations associated with high-intensity exercise, such exercise should be considered among patients with coronary heart disease.
Political Participation and Ideological News Online: “Differential Gains” and “Differential Losses” in a Presidential Election Cycle

Observations of the contemporary news media environment often revolve around the topics of ideological polarization and blurred boundaries between mass and interpersonal communication. This study explores these topics through a focus on the association between ideologically oriented online news use, commenting on online news, and political participation. We hypothesize that both ideological online news use generally and proattitudinal online news use are positively related to political participation and that online news commenting creates “differential gains” by augmenting these relationships. Yet we also hypothesize that counterattitudinal online news use is negatively related to political participation and that online news commenting creates “differential losses” by exacerbating this relationship. Analyses of two independently collected and nationally representative surveys found that frequent ideological online news use, proattitudinal online news use, and commenting are all positively related to political participation. We found no evidence for differential gains as a result of online commenting but only for differential losses—counterattitudinal online news use interacts with commenting to create a negative relationship with political participation.
Silence, Sports Bras, And Wrestling Porn

This study of televised sports news on three network affiliates and ESPN’s SportsCenter extends and expands on earlier studies in 1990 and 1994 to examine the quality and quantity of televised coverage of women’s sports.The dominant finding over the decade spanned by the three studies is the lack of change. Women’s sports are still “missing in action” on the nightly news, and are even less visible on SportsCenter. Textual analysis revealed some change over the decade, but mostly showed continued gender asymmetries in televised sports news and highlight shows: (a) the choice to devote a considerable proportion of the already-thin coverage of women’s sports to humorous feature stories on nonserious women’s sports, and (b) the (often humorous) sexual objectification of athlete women and nonathlete women. The authors conclude with a discussion of how and why television has continued to cautiously follow, rather than lead or promote, the growth in girls’ and women’s sports.
Young People and the Justice System: Consideration of Maturity in Criminal Responsibility

The age of majority determines when a young person is considered adult in the eyes of the law, and in many countries this is set at 18 years. This does not take into account the differing ways and time-frames in which young people mature and develop. In justice systems in which individuals can be awarded leniency due to mental impairment, it becomes apparent that a similar justification can be made for issues surrounding maturity. This is of particular importance due to a growing trend in the Western world for young people to be tried as adults based on their crime, rather than their individual culpability. The aim of this review was to consider the interaction between maturity and criminal culpability.
Cooperation and Competition Among Blackfoot Indian and Urban Canadian Children.

MILLER, ANTHONY G. , and THOMAS, RON. Cooperation and Competition among Blackfoot Indian and Urban Canadian Children. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1972, 43, 1104-1110. Blackfoot Indian and urban Canadian children played a game requiring cooperation under 2 reward conditions. Under a group reward condition children from both cultural backgrounds cooperated effectively. Later, when the children were rewarded individually, the Blackfoot children continued to cooperate even more effectively than under the group reward situation, while the urban group showed competitive behavior which grossly impaired their performance. In a second game which placed a premium on the inhibition of competitive responses for effective play, similar, although less striking, differences were found.
Advances in the Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech

Treatments for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) have a modest, but growing evidence base. A substantial number of treatment investigations have been reported since the publication of the first AOS treatment guidelines (Wambaugh, Duffy, McNeil, Robin, & Rogers, 2006a; 2006b). The authors have provided an overview of more recent AOS treatment evidence, along with a description of important advances, emerging trends, and new directions in the treatment of AOS.
Self-Injury and Postvention: Responding to the Family in Crisis

Postvention actions are commonly employed after completed suicides and suicide attempts but can be adapted to assist affected family members in dealing with other types of crisis. The authors adapt a postvention model to be applied to systemically working with families who have a member engaging in self-injurious behavior. Recommendations for counselors who work with youth who self-injure and their families are provided.
Six Randomized Evaluations of Microcredit : Introduction and Further Steps

Causal evidence on microcredit impacts informs theory, practice, and debates about its effectiveness as a development tool. The six randomized evaluations in this volume use a variety of sampling, data collection, experimental design, and econometric strategies to identify causal effects of expanded access to microcredit on borrowers and/or communities. These methods are deployed across an impressive range of locations—six countries on four continents, urban and rural areas—borrower characteristics, loan characteristics, and lender characteristics. Summarizing and interpreting results across studies, we note a consistent pattern of modestly positive, but not transformative, effects. We also discuss directions for future research. (JEL D14, G21, I38, O15, O16, P34, P36)
Degradation of the Gluconeogenic Enzymes Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and Malate Dehydrogenase Is Mediated by Distinct Proteolytic Pathways and Signaling Events*

The key gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is subjected to catabolite inactivation and degradation when glucose-starved cells are replenished with fresh glucose. In various studies, the proteasome and the vacuole have each been reported to be the major site of FBPase degradation. Because different growth conditions were used in these studies, we examined whether variations in growth conditions could alter the site of FBPase degradation. Here, we demonstrated that FBPase was degraded outside the vacuole (most likely in the proteasome), when glucose was added to cells that were grown in low glucose media for a short period of time. By contrast, cells that were grown in the same low glucose media for longer periods of time degraded FBPase in the vacuole in response to glucose. Another gluconeogenic enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) showed the same degradation characteristics as FBPase in that the short term starvation of cells led to a non-vacuolar degradation, whereas long term starvation resulted in the vacuolar degradation of this protein. The N-terminal proline is required for the degradation of FBPase and MDH2 for both the vacuolar and non-vacuolar proteolytic pathways. The cAMP signaling pathway and the phosphorylation of glucose were needed for the vacuolar-dependent degradation of FBPase and MDH2. By contrast, the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway was not involved in the non-vacuolar degradation of these proteins, although the phosphorylation of glucose was required.
Women Politicians: Transforming Westminster?

На материалах исследования британского парламента показывается, как гендер влияет на политические позиции, приоритеты и роли депутатов. Для женщин-политиков наиболее близки острые социальные проблемы и права женщин. По сравнению с коллегами–мужчинами женщины-депутаты придают большее значение работе в своем избирательном округе, чем в самом парламенте. В целом же автор отмечает, что гендерный разрыв среди политиков довольно незначительный и большее представительство женщин может изменить политическую повестку дня и общий политический стиль британского парламента к лучшему.
A cross-cultural analysis of autonomy in education

In this article I highlight recent (published after 2000) cross-cultural studies on the role of autonomous academic motivation and autonomy support in students' cognitive and psychological development. The self-determination theory (SDT) thesis of a universal beneficial role of autonomous motivation is supported by numerous empirical results from educational researchers from diverse educational settings around the world. These results are discussed in terms of the importance of recognizing students' basic needs for autonomy in learning environments, and the cultural deterministic models of socio-cultural differences that have obscured that need. Studies within the SDT provide strong psychological evidence to support a more interactive, multidimensional picture of human nature in various sociocultural contexts.
Word and print awareness in 4-year-old children

Word and print awareness comprise key elements of young children’s emergent literacy development. There are currently few assessment instruments for examining preschool children’s skills in these areas. This article describes two informal measures that may be used to examine word and print awareness in preschool children. Results of administering these measures, referred to as the Preschool Word and Print Awareness assessment, to 30 typically developing preschool children are presented. This protocol as well as the developmental observations presented may be useful to early childhood educators and speech-language pathologists who wish to examine young children’s emergent literacy knowledge.
Cardioprotective effects of ingliforib, a novel glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor.

Interventions such as glycogen depletion, which limit myocardial anaerobic glycolysis and the associated proton production, can reduce myocardial ischemic injury; thus it follows that inhibition of glycogenolysis should also be cardioprotective. Therefore, we examined whether the novel glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor 5-Chloro-N-[(1S,2R)-3-[(3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)]-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (ingliforib; CP-368,296) could reduce infarct size in both in vitro and in vivo rabbit models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (30 min of regional ischemia, followed by 120 min of reperfusion). In Langendorff-perfused hearts, constant perfusion of ingliforib started 30 min before regional ischemia and elicited a concentration-dependent reduction in infarct size; infarct size was reduced by 69% with 10 microM ingliforib. No significant drug-induced changes were observed in either cardiac function (heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure) or coronary flow. In open-chest anesthetized rabbits, a dose of ingliforib (15 mg/kg loading dose; 23 mg.kg(-1). h(-1) infusion) selected to achieve a free plasma concentration equivalent to an estimated EC(50) in the isolated hearts (1.2 microM, 0.55 microg/ml) significantly reduced infarct size by 52%, and reduced plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. Furthermore, myocardial glycogen phosphorylase a and total glycogen phosphorylase activity were reduced by 65% and 40%, respectively, and glycogen stores were preserved in ingliforib-treated hearts. No significant change was observed in mean arterial pressure or rate-pressure product in the ingliforib group, although heart rate was modestly decreased postischemia. In conclusion, glycogen phosphorylase inhibition with ingliforib markedly reduces myocardial ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo; this may represent a viable approach for both achieving clinical cardioprotection and treating diabetic patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Treating criminal psychopaths in a therapeutic community program

A Therapeutic Community (TC) treatment program for adult male offenders is summarized and treatment outcome data are discussed. Psychopaths showed less clinical improvement, displayed lower levels of motivation and were discharged from the program earlier than non-psychopaths. There were significant positive treatment effects for the non-psychopaths and a mixed group. Psychopathy Checklist scores (Hare, 1985) consistently postdict and predict treatment outcome and attrition from the program.
Amantadine Ameliorates Dopamine-Releasing Deficits and Behavioral Deficits in Rats after Fluid Percussion Injury

Aims To investigate the role of dopamine in cognitive and motor learning skill deficits after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), we investigated dopamine release and behavioral changes at a series of time points after fluid percussion injury, and explored the potential of amantadine hydrochloride as a chronic treatment to provide behavioral recovery. Materials and Methods In this study, we sequentially investigated dopamine release at the striatum and behavioral changes at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after fluid percussion injury. Rats subjected to 6-Pa cerebral cortical fluid percussion injury were treated by using subcutaneous infusion pumps filled with either saline (sham group) or amantadine hydrochloride, with a releasing rate of 3.6mg/kg/hour for 8 weeks. The dopamine-releasing conditions and metabolism were analyzed sequentially by fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Novel object recognition (NOR) and fixed-speed rotarod (FSRR) behavioral tests were used to determine treatment effects on cognitive and motor deficits after injury. Results Sequential dopamine-release deficits were revealed in 6-Pa-fluid-percussion cerebral cortical injured animals. The reuptake rate (tau value) of dopamine in injured animals was prolonged, but the tau value became close to the value for the control group after amantadine therapy. Cognitive and motor learning impairments were shown evidenced by the NOR and FSRR behavioral tests after injury. Chronic amantadine therapy reversed dopamine-release deficits, and behavioral impairment after fluid percussion injuries were ameliorated in the rats treated by using amantadine-pumping infusion. Conclusion Chronic treatment with amantadine hydrochloride can ameliorate dopamine-release deficits as well as cognitive and motor deficits caused by cerebral fluid-percussion injury.
Selective recruitment of eosinophils by substance P after repeated allergen exposure in allergic rhinitis

We have investigated the nasal response to substance P after pollen exposure in seasonal allergic rhinitic patients. Seven patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis were studied during the pollen season, 24 h after nasal challenge with pollen. They received increasing doses of nebulized substance P (0 to 80 nmol) in each nostril. Responses were assessed by measurement of nasal airway resistance by posterior rhinomanometry and quantification of albumin, histamine, and inflammatory cells in the nasal lavage fluid. Nasal airway resistance increased in a dose‐dependent manner after substance P challenge. Protein and albumin in nasal lavage fluids increased after administration of substance P: from 2.6 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 1.1 mg for protein (P≤0.01) and from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.6 mg for albumin (P≤0.02). Expressed as a percentage of total protein, albumin increased from 10.5 ± 3.6% to 39.9 ± 3.5% (P≤0.02), suggesting occurrence of plasma leakage. No histamine release was observed after challenge with substance P. Total cell counts significantly increased from 11.4 ± 2.4 to 41.8 ± 17.3 × 103 cells/ml after substance P (P≤0.05). Eosinophils were already numerous before substance P challenge (2.1 ± 0.7 × 103 cells/ml), and the number of eosinophils markedly increased in all patients after substance P (for the whole group, 25.8 ± 13.3 cells/ml, P≤0.05). In contrast, the number of neutrophils only slightly increased in five patients, and changes did not reach significance for the group as a whole. Our results show that substance P induces nasal obstruction and albumin extrusion in allergic rhinitic patients after repeated pollen exposure. These vascular phenomena are associated with recruitment of eosinophils. Since substance P is known to be released after nasal allergen challenge, our data suggest a role for substance P in the chronic eosinophilic inflammation of the nasal mucosa observed in symptomatic allergic rhinitis.
Individual and Situational Influences on Declining Hunter Effort in Illinois

This study examines individual and situational influences on declining hunter effort in Illinois. Data were obtained from a self-administered mail survey of 2,872 (response rate = 67%) resident hunters in Illinois. A series of four separate logistic regressions were constructed to model demographics, past experience, and perceived personal and situational constraints related to declining hunter effort. A final model included variables from each of the separate regressions. Nine variables were significant predictors of hunter effort in the final model: four perceived personal constraints (lack of time, interest, finances, and poor health), three situational constraints (not enough game, no land available for hunting, and too many regulations), and two past experience variables (years of hunting experience and days afield during prior season). None of the demographic variables had a significant influence on hunter effort after controlling for the other predictors in the model. The final model that included past experience and the two sets of perceived constraint measures (personal and situational) explained 91% of the variance and correctly classified 97% of hunters in both the "decreased" and "did not decrease" categories. Discussion focuses on the need for understanding perceived constraints to hunting participation that are within the control of management agencies.