Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraints

We analyse the implications of the Planck data for cosmic inﬂation. The Planck nominal mission temperature anisotropy measurements, combined with the WMAP large-angle polarization, constrain the scalar spectral index to be n s = 0 . 9603 ± 0 . 0073, ruling out exact scale invariance at over 5 σ. Planck establishes an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0 . 11 (95% CL). The Planck data thus shrink the space of allowed standard inﬂationary models, preferring potentials with V (cid:48)(cid:48) < 0. Exponential potential models, the simplest hybrid inﬂationary models, and monomial potential models of degree n ≥ 2 do not provide a good ﬁt to the data. Planck does not ﬁnd statistically signiﬁcant running of the scalar spectral index, obtaining d n s / dln k = − 0 . 0134 ± 0 . 0090. We verify these conclusions through a numerical analysis, which makes no slow-roll approximation, and carry out a Bayesian parameter estimation and model-selection analysis for a number of inﬂationary models including monomial, natural, and hilltop potentials. For each model, we present the Planck constraints on the parameters of the potential and explore several possibilities for the post-inﬂationary entropy generation epoch, thus obtaining nontrivial data-driven constraints. We also present a direct reconstruction of the observable range of the inﬂaton potential. Unless a quartic term is allowed in the potential, we ﬁnd results consistent with second-order slow-roll predictions. We also investigate whether the primordial power spectrum contains any features. We ﬁnd that models with a parameterized oscillatory feature improve the ﬁt by ∆ χ 2e ﬀ ≈ 10; however, Bayesian evidence does not prefer these models. We constrain several single-ﬁeld inﬂation models with generalized Lagrangians by combining power spectrum data with Planck bounds on f NL . Planck constrains with unprecedented accuracy the amplitude and possible correlation (with the adiabatic mode) of non-decaying isocurvature ﬂuctuations. The fractional primordial contributions of cold dark matter (CDM) isocurvature modes of the types expected in the curvaton and axion scenarios have upper bounds of 0.25% and 3.9% (95% CL), respectively. In models with arbitrarily correlated CDM or neutrino isocurvature modes, an anticorrelated isocurvature component can improve the χ 2e ﬀ by approximately 4 as a result of slightly lowering the theoretical prediction for the (cid:96) < ∼ 40 multipoles relative to the higher multipoles. Nonetheless, the data are consistent with adiabatic initial conditions. to the total CMB temperature anisotropy in the range 2 ≤ (cid:96) ≤ 2500. We also report − 2 ∆ ln L max for the best ﬁtting model in each case, relative to the best ﬁt 6-parameter Λ CDM model, with the number of additional parameters ∆ n . In the Gaussian approximation, − 2 ∆ ln L max corresponds to ∆ χ 2 . The general models have six parameters that specify the primordial correlation matrix at two scales k 1 and k 2 , thus allowing all spectral indices to vary (so, four parameters more than the pure adiabatic model).
Investigating the performance of module acquisition in cartesian genetic programming

Embedded Cartesian Genetic Programming (ECGP) is a form of the graph based Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) in which modules are automatically acquired and evolved. In this paper we compare the efficiencies of the ECGP and CGP techniques on three classes of problem: digital adders, digital multipliers and digital comparators. We show that in most cases ECGP shows a substantial improvement in performance over CGP and that the computational speedup is more pronounced on larger problems.
Who receives contraception counseling when starting new lupus medications? The potential roles of race, ethnicity, disease activity, and quality of communication

Objective Family planning discussions are an important aspect of medical care for women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as active disease is a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes, and the medications used for treatment can be harmful to the fetus when used during conception and pregnancy. Our objective was to examine the impact of patient perception of quality and type of communication on receiving contraception counseling. Methods Data were derived from patients enrolled in the University of California, San Francisco Lupus Outcomes Study. Individuals participate in a yearly structured telephone interview that includes assessment of contraception counseling when starting new medications, and measures of communication and decision making. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of not receiving contraception counseling. Results Of the 68 women included in this analysis, one-third did not receive contraception counseling when starting new medications. Older age, white race, depressive symptoms, and higher SLE disease activity were independently associated with not receiving contraception counseling. Participants who did not receive contraception counseling rated their physicians lower in shared decision-making (SDM) communication. Conclusions This study demonstrates a gap in family planning counseling among women with SLE starting new medications. Future studies to address these potential areas of intervention, including education about the need for contraception through menopause, and mechanisms to engage in SDM surrounding contraception are needed to improve quality of care for women with lupus.
Interaction with an animated agent in a spoken dialogue system

The study reported in this paper is based on results from a Swedish database of spontaneous computer-directed speech. This database was investigated to determine how people adapt their language when they interact with computers. A spoken dialogue system with an animated agent, August, was installed in a public location in downtown Stockholm. Members of the general public were invited to interact with the system and dialogues were recorded. The database was collected during a period of six months and consists of transcriptions of more than ten thousand spontaneous utterances. The domain restrictions in this spoken dialogue system were minimal, and the users were not explicitly told what they could expect the system to understand. In this paper the users’ communicative strategies, as they are manifested in the input utterances, are studied. The influence of the interface design on user expectations is also discussed. Results indicate that user adaptation, as reflected in the corpus, comprises lexical as well as syntactical aspects
Higher Degrees of Recanalization after Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke Are Associated with Improved Outcome and Decreased Mortality: Pooled Analysis of the MERCI and Multi MERCI Trials

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the combined end point of partial and complete recanalization is a well-established predictor of good outcome following acute stroke intervention, few investigations have evaluated the effect of the degree of recanalization. We hypothesized that greater degrees of recanalization would be associated with a higher likelihood of favorable functional outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from MERCI and Multi MERCI—prospective single-arm trials of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke—were pooled. The TIMI score was used to define the degree of recanalization, and a favorable outcome was defined as an mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days. RESULTS: A total of 305 patients were included. Age, stroke severity, and site of arterial occlusion did not differ among groups stratified by the TIMI score. The unadjusted OR for a favorable outcome increased significantly as the TIMI score increased from 0 to 1 (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.7–20.0; P = .007) and from 2 to 3 (OR. 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2–4.5; P = .01) and the likelihood of death decreased significantly as the TIMI score increased from 2 to 3 (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.3; P = .05). In multivariate analysis, each increase in TIMI grade increased the odds of a good outcome 2.6-fold (95% CI, 1.9–3.4, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Increases in the TIMI score were highly associated with improved outcomes. This finding not only provides additional evidence that restoration of blood flow improves clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke but also suggests that interventionalists should strive for complete revascularization when they provide endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke.
Relations Among Notions of Security for Public-Key Encryption Schemes

We compare the relative strengths of popular notions of security for public-key encryption schemes. We consider the goals of privacy and non-malleability, each under chosen-plaintext attack and two kinds of chosen-ciphertext attack. For each of the resulting pairs of de nitions we prove either an implication (every scheme meeting one notion must meet the other) or a separation (there is a scheme meeting one notion but not the other, assuming the rst notion can be met at all). We similarly treat plaintext awareness, a notion of security in the randomoracle model. An additional contribution of this paper is a new de nition of non-malleability which we believe is simpler than the previous one.
Risk of gastric cancer after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of gastric cancer after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). DESIGN Rats randomly underwent 1 of the following: RYGB, duodenojejunal bypass (DJB), or a sham operation. Postoperatively, rats underwent a protocol of cancer induction by means of both continuous (200 ppm in tap water for 16 weeks) and intermittent (50-mg/kg intraesophageal injection, once a week, for 12 weeks) administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. SETTING Institut de Recherche Contre les Canceurs de l'Appareil Digestif-European Institute of Telesurgery. STUDY ANIMALS: Fifty-five Fischer 344 rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Seventeen weeks after the operation, we performed a pathologic examination of the whole stomach in all animals to assess for the presence of cancer and/or premalignant lesions. Bilirubin concentration, gastric bacterial flora, and any other pathologic findings were also recorded. RESULTS In rats in the sham and DJB groups, the incidence of gastric cancer was 85% and 75%, respectively (P = .63), whereas only 23% of rats in the RYGB group developed gastric cancer (4-fold reduction; P = .002). The remnant stomach of rats in the RYGB group also showed a lower bilirubin concentration (P < .01) and a lower bacterial count (P < .05) compared with both the DJB and sham groups. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that RYGB reduces the risk of gastric cancer in an experimental model of dietary-induced carcinogenesis. Lack of direct contact with carcinogens, lower bile reflux, and a lower bacteria concentration in the gastric content may be responsible for these observations. These data suggest that RYGB may be a safe option for the treatment of morbid obesity even in areas with high gastric cancer incidence.
Patterns of relatedness and parentage in an asocial, polyandrous striped hyena population

We investigated patterns of relatedness and reproduction in a population of striped hyenas in which individuals are behaviourally solitary but form polyandrous spatial groups consisting of one adult female and multiple adult males. Group‐mate males were often close relatives, but were unrelated or distantly related in some cases, indicating that male coalitions are not strictly a result of philopatry or dispersal with cohorts of relatives. Most male–female pairs within spatial groups were unrelated or only distantly related. Considering patterns of relatedness between groups, relatedness was significantly higher among adult males living in non‐neighbouring ranges than among neighbouring males. Mean relatedness among male–female dyads was highest for group‐mates, but relatedness among non‐neighbouring males and females was also significantly higher than among dyads of opposite‐sex neighbours. Female–female relatedness also increased significantly with increasing geographic separation. These unusual and unexpected patterns may reflect selection to settle in a nonadjacent manner to reduce inbreeding and/or competition among relatives for resources (both sexes), or mates (males). Finally, resident males fathered the majority of the resident female's cubs, but extra‐group paternity was likely in 31% of the cases examined, and multiple paternity was likely in half of the sampled litters.
Design of real-time reconfigurable fuzzy logic controller with M-FRHC rule reduction technique

This paper presents a generic hardware architecture based type-I Mamdani fuzzy logic controller (FLC) implemented on a programmable device, which can be remotely configured in real-time over Ethernet. This feature of reconfigurability enables a user to change fuzzy parameters in real-time, eliminating repeated hardware programming. Real- ization of these systems is generally difficult as the computational requirement is exponentially related to the number of inputs. This is achieved by significantly reducing the Rulebase to make inference time perceivable for real-time applications. An algorithm for Rulebase reduction is proposed and implemented which reduces effective rules without compromising sys- tem accuracy leading to improved cycle time in terms of fuzzy logic operations per second (FzLOPS). A hardware software co-design architecture for the proposed generic FLC is developed on TI C6748 DSP with Sys/BIOS RTOS and seamlessly integrated with a web based user interface (WebUI) for reconfigurability. The WebUI acquires the fuzzy parameters from users and a server application is dedicated to data communication between the hardware and the server. Analysis of this design is carried out by using hardware-in-loop (HIL) test to control various plant models in Simulink/Matlab environment. Performance of the proposed system is compared to Fuzzy Toolbox of Matlab and PID controllers.
Activation loop phosphorylation regulates B‐Raf in vivo and transformation by B‐Raf mutants

Despite being mutated in cancer and RASopathies, the role of the activation segment (AS) has not been addressed for B‐Raf signaling in vivo. Here, we generated a conditional knock‐in mouse allowing the expression of the B‐RafAVKA mutant in which the AS phosphoacceptor sites T599 and S602 are replaced by alanine residues. Surprisingly, despite producing a kinase‐impaired protein, the BrafAVKA allele does not phenocopy the lethality of Braf‐knockout or paradoxically acting knock‐in alleles. However, BrafAVKA mice display abnormalities in the hematopoietic system, a distinct facial morphology, reduced ERK pathway activity in the brain, and an abnormal gait. This phenotype suggests that maximum B‐Raf activity is required for the proper development, function, and maintenance of certain cell populations. By establishing conditional murine embryonic fibroblast cultures, we further show that MEK/ERK phosphorylation and the immediate early gene response toward growth factors are impaired in the presence of B‐RafAVKA. Importantly, alanine substitution of T599/S602 impairs the transformation potential of oncogenic non‐V600E B‐Raf mutants and a fusion protein, suggesting that blocking their phosphorylation could represent an alternative strategy to ATP‐competitive inhibitors.
High-resolution integrated magnetobiostratigraphy of a new middle Eocene section from the Neotethys (Elazig Basin, eastern Turkey)

The progressive closure of the Neotethys Ocean had a profound impact on the oceanclimate system during the Cenozoic. In this perspective, Turkey represents a key area for studying the climate evolution during the Eocene, because it was located at the gateway between the Neotethys and the Atlantic Ocean. Here, we present a high-resolution integrated magnetobiostratigraphic record of a new middle Eocene sedimentary section from the Elazığ Province, eastern Turkey. The continuous, undisturbed, and undeformed sedimentary record, together with preserved geomagnetic signal and fossil assemblages, allows the establishment of a detailed age model, which spans from the upper part of chron C19n.1r to the base of chron C17n.1n (42.4–37.8 Ma). Field observations and paleontological and paleomagnetic data show that the section has not been affected by the widespread tectonic deformation that characterizes the region. We suggest that the magnetostratigraphically and biostratigraphically calibrated Baskil section represents a new, outstanding shallowto deep-marine sequence where paleoceanographic and paleogeographic studies can be conducted to understand the middle Eocene climate evolution.
Depression Following Hysterectomy and the Influencing Factors

Background Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecological surgeries performed worldwide. However, women undergoing this surgery often experience negative emotional reactions. Objectives This study was done with the aim of investigating the relationship between hysterectomy and postoperative depression, three months after the procedure. Materials and Methods This longitudinal study was conducted in the province of Khorasan-Razavi in Iran, using multistage sampling. At first, three cities were selected from the province by cluster sampling; then, five hospitals were randomly selected from these cities. The participants included 53 women who were hysterectomy candidates in one of the five selected hospitals. The participants’ demographics and hysterectomy procedure information were entered into two separate questionnaires, and the Beck depression inventory (BDI) was employed to measure their severity of depression before and three months after the surgery. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 16 was used for the statistical analysis, and a P value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The means and standard deviations of the participants’ depression scores before and three months after their hysterectomies were 13.01 ± 10.1 and 11.02 ± 10.3, respectively. Although the mean score of depression decreased three months after the hysterectomy, the difference was not statistically significant. However, a significant relationship was found between the satisfaction with the outcome of the hysterectomy and the postoperative depression score (P = 0.04). Conclusions In this study, undergoing a hysterectomy did not show a relationship with postoperative depression three months after the surgery. Moreover, the only factor related to depression following a hysterectomy was satisfaction with the surgery.
Long Term Functional Outcome of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement vs. Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and Extracapsular Repair in a Heterogeneous Population of Dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine a long term function of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) for treatment of ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs, and to compare this to the long term function of previously reported tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), extracapsular reconstruction (ECR), and a population of normal dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS Dogs with unilateral ruptured CCL treated with TTA (n = 14), TPLO (n = 15), and ECR (n = 23), and normal adult dogs (control, n = 80). MATERIALS AND METHODS Force plate gait analysis was performed at 1 time point for the normal control group and preoperatively, and at 2 and 8 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively for the treatment groups. Using serial force plates, symmetry indices (SI) were calculated between the operated and unoperated pelvic limbs for peak vertical force (PVF), contact time (CT), and vertical impulse (VI). Ground reaction forces (GRF) of the treatment and control group were compared using a general linear model. RESULTS Walk SI for dogs with TTA were not significantly different from the control group at 12 months postoperatively. At the trot, neither TTA nor ECR achieved normal GRF. SI of the TPLO group were not different from the normal control group by 6-12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION At the walk, TTA achieves normal function by 12 months; however, at the trot TTA is indistinguishable from ECR. TPLO resulted in operated limb function that was similar to the control population by 6-12 months postoperatively at the walk and the trot.
Stable Camera Motion Estimation Using Convex Programming

We study the inverse problem of estimating $n$ locations $\mathbf{t}_1, \mathbf{t}_2, \ldots, \mathbf{t}_n$ (up to global scale, translation, and negation) in $\mathbb{R}^d$ from noisy measurements of a subset of the (unsigned) pairwise lines that connect them, that is, from noisy measurements of $\pm \frac{\mathbf{t}_i - \mathbf{t}_j}{\|\mathbf{t}_i - \mathbf{t}_j \|_2}$ for some pairs $(i,j)$ (where the signs are unknown). This problem is at the core of the structure from motion (SfM) problem in computer vision, where the $\mathbf{t}_i$ represent camera locations in $\mathbb{R}^3$. The noiseless version of the problem, with exact line measurements, has been considered previously under the general title of parallel rigidity theory, mainly in order to characterize the conditions for unique realization of locations. For noisy pairwise line measurements, current methods tend to produce spurious solutions that are clustered around a few locations. This sensitivity of the location estimates is a well-known pr.
Spatial clustering of TB-infected cattle herds prior to and following proactive badger removal

SUMMARY Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is primarily a disease of cattle. In both Ireland and the UK, badgers (Meles meles) are an important wildlife reservoir of infection. This paper examined the hypothesis that TB is spatially correlated in cattle herds, established the range of correlation and the effect, if any, of proactive badger removal on this. We also re-analysed data from the Four Area Project in Ireland, a large-scale intervention study aimed at assessing the effect of proactive badger culling on bovine TB incidence in cattle herds, taking possible spatial correlation into account. We established that infected herds are spatially correlated (the scale of spatial correlation is presented), but at a scale that varies with time and in different areas. Spatial correlation persists following proactive badger removal.