Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiographic evaluation of anatomical variables in maxilla and mandible in relation to dental implant placement

Introduction: Oral rehabilitation using implants is rapidly replacing tooth supported prostheses. The success of implants is largely dependent on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone. In this study, we assessed the location of limiting anatomical structures and the amount of alveolar bone available for implant placement. Materials and Method: Six hundred digital panoramic radiographs (300 males and 300 females) of dentate patients aged between 15-60 years were selected from the archives. The radiographs were subdivided into 3 groups with age interval of 15 years. Then the location of mental foramen, anterior loop, mandibular canal and maxillary sinus was determined. The amount of bone available was measured in both maxilla and mandible in the premolar and molar regions. Results: The mental foramen was most commonly located at the apex of the second premolar in both the genders. The anterior loop was more readily visible in the younger age group. The amount of bone available in the premolar and molar region of the mandible is nearly the same, while more bone is available in the premolar region of the maxilla. Conclusion: The location and morphology of anatomical structures of the jaws vary not only in different populations but also within the same population. The amount of bone available also showed variations in the same population and in the same individual on the right and left sides. The limiting anatomical structures govern the amount of bone available for possible implant placement.
Effects of Statins on the Recovery of Olfactory Function in a 3-Methylindole–Induced Anosmia Mouse Model

Background Despite the importance of olfactory function, no effective medications have been identified to treat olfactory disorders. This study was performed to evaluate the functional recovery of olfaction damaged by 3-methylindole (3MI) in a mouse model with hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins). Methods In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, 24 healthy female BALB/c mice (aged 9–10 weeks and weighing 18–20 g each) were randomly allocated to statin-treated or control groups. Olfactory loss was induced by i.p. injections of 3MI. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) or normal saline was then administered per os with a gastric tube for 3 weeks. The effects of treatment were evaluated by food-finding tests and Western blot analysis. Results Both groups showed complete losses of olfactory function 1 week after 3MI injection. Three weeks after 3MI injection, 9 of the 12 mice in the statin-treated group (75%) passed a food-finding test, in which they were able to find the food within 3 minutes, at least two times out of three trials. However, only two mice in the control group (16.6%) passed the food-finding test, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.004; chi-square test). The expression level of the olfactory marker protein was also elevated in the statin-treated group (p = 0.030; Wilcoxon rank sum test). Conclusion Statins are associated with recovery of olfaction after 3MI injection in a mouse model.
Measuring Russian Culture using Hofstede’s Dimensions

On analyse dans cet article les reponses de 250 Russes sur les cinq dimensions culturelles d'Hofstede. Les scores sont ventiles par sous-groupes selon l'âge, l'experience professionnelle, le metier, le nombre de subordonnes et la region. En moyenne, il apparait que la culture russe du milieu des annees 90 est moderee en individualisme, masculinite et distance hierarchique, et assez haute en paternalisme et controle de l'incertitude. La jeune generation qui parvint a l'adolescence lors de la perestroika (autour de 1990) a les plus hauts scores en masculinite et les plus faibles en paternalisme. Les individus du monde des affaires presentent un plus fort controle de l'incertitude que ceux du secteur universitaire.
Hispanic High Schoolers and Mathematics: Follow-Up of Students Who Had Participated in Two-Way Bilingual Elementary Programs

Abstract Research shows a serious underrepresentation of Hispanic students entering the math, science, and engineering fields, possibly fueled by a large gap in math achievement between Hispanic and Euro-American students. The current study addressed this concern by examining the general school-related attitudes, coursework, and achievement, with a focus on math for 139 high school students—Hispanics who were previous English language learners, native English-speaking Hispanics, and Euro-American English speakers—who had been enrolled in a two-way bilingual program throughout elementary school. The results showed that all three groups of students had positive attitudes toward math and school in general and were scoring at grade level in math. They were taking higher level college preparation math courses and getting mostly average grades (B's and C's) in those courses. These results suggest that the two-way bilingual program may provide the academic preparation and schooling attitudes, including in mathematics, that enable all three groups of students to be more successful than the average Hispanic and low-socioeconomic status students described in the literature.
Sensing and using social context

We present online algorithms to extract social context: Social spheres are labeled locations of significance, represented as convex hulls extracted from GPS traces. Colocation is determined from Bluetooth and GPS to extract social rhythms, patterns in time, duration, place, and people corresponding to real-world activities. Social ties are formulated from proximity and shared spheres and rhythms. Quantitative evaluation is performed for 10+ million samples over 45 man-months. Applications are presented with assessment of perceived utility: Socio-Graph, a video and photo browser with filters for social metadata, and Jive, a blog browser that uses rhythms to discover similarity between entries automatically.
Virtual Group Coaching: A Curriculum for Coaches and Educators

Virtual group coaching exists at the intersection of coaching and the group experience. At a high level, virtual group coaching can be defined as exploring the coaching process with a group of individuals who are being coached by a professional coach utilizing the vehicle of group process to accomplish the goals and objectives of the individual. Currently, there exist no guidelines or standards for group coaching regarding approach or educational curriculum. As the field of coaching matures and evolves, investigating and gaining an understanding of what coaches need to know in order to effectively coach a virtual group will be not only helpful but necessary. Insights found in this article have been gained from both the author's research and experience as a group coach.
Alteration of Hippocampal Cytokines and Astrocyte Morphology Observed in Rats 24 Hour after Fluid Percussion Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the few known etiological factors contributing to the development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). An understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of PTE is vital because PTEs are amongst the most difficult to treat, and are often resistant to first and second line anti-epileptic treatment regimens. TBI-induced inflammation, neuroplasticity and neuropathology in the hippocampus have been observed in animal models of TBI. Components of these alterations have been implicated in TBI-pathogenesis and the epileptogenic development of PTE. However, the early time course of these changes is not fully elucidated. This study was designed to examine inflammation and neuropathology in the hippocampus in a rat fluid percussion injury (FPI) model of PTE. Cytokine analyses in the hippocampus, as well as astrocyte morphology were assessed to determine early inflammatory changes after TBI. To examine early seizure-promoting neuropathology, we performed stereological analysis of parvalbumin-labeled interneurons in the hippocampus at 24 hrs after TBI. The results demonstrate that FPI in rats results in early hippocampal inflammation, but not a loss of parvalbumin-labeled interneurons.
A Survey on Pixel-Based Skin Color Detection Techniques

Skin color has proven to be a useful and robust cue for face detection, localization and tracking. Image content filtering, content-aware video compression and image color balancing applications can also benefit from automatic detection of skin in images. Numerous techniques for skin color modelling and recognition have been proposed during several past years. A few papers comparing different approaches have been published [Zarit et al. 1999], [Terrillon et al. 2000], [Brand and Mason 2000]. However, a comprehensive survey on the topic is still missing. We try to fill this vacuum by reviewing most widely used methods and techniques and collecting their numerical evaluation results.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Coinfection among HIV-Positive Women in South Africa and Botswana

There is progressive concern about the evolving burden of morbidity and mortality caused by coinfection with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in sub-Saharan Africa, but the epidemiology and impact of this problem are not well defined. We therefore set out to assimilate more information about the nature of HBV/HIV coinfection in this region by undertaking a retrospective observational study of southern African adult women. We used samples from previously recruited HIV-1 positive women attending antenatal clinics in three settings in South Africa and Botswana (n = 950) and added a small cohort of HIV-negative antenatal South African women for comparison (n = 72). We tested for HBsAg and followed up HBsAg-positive samples by testing for HBeAg, HBV DNA, HBV genotype, presence of drug-resistance associated mutations (RAMs) and HDV. We identified HBsAg in 72 individuals (7% of the whole cohort), of whom 27% were HBeAg-positive, and the majority HBV genotypes A1 and A2. We did not detect any HDV coinfection. HBV prevalence was significantly different between geographically distinct cohorts, but did not differ according to HIV status. Among adults from South Africa, HBV/HIV coinfected patients had lower CD4+ T cell counts compared to those with HIV-monoinfection (p = 0.02), but this finding was not replicated in the cohort from Botswana. Overall, these data provide a snapshot of the coinfection problem at the heart of the HIV/HBV co-epidemic, and are important to inform public health policy, resource allocation, education, surveillance and clinical care.
Topology and seasonal evolution of the network of extreme precipitation over the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka

Abstract. This paper employs a complex network approach to determine the topology and evolution of the network of extreme precipitation that governs the organization of extreme rainfall before, during, and after the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) season. We construct networks of extreme rainfall events during the ISM (June–September), post-monsoon (October–December), and pre-monsoon (March–May) periods from satellite-derived (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission, TRMM) and rain-gauge interpolated (Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards the Evaluation of Water Resources, APHRODITE) data sets. The structure of the networks is determined by the level of synchronization of extreme rainfall events between different grid cells throughout the Indian subcontinent. Through the analysis of various complex-network metrics, we describe typical repetitive patterns in North Pakistan (NP), the Eastern Ghats (EG), and the Tibetan Plateau (TP). These patterns appear during the pre-monsoon season, evolve during the ISM, and disappear during the post-monsoon season. These are important meteorological features that need further attention and that may be useful in ISM timing and strength prediction.
Treatment of newly diagnosed children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia: a Childrens Cancer Group study.

PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to determine if the addition of etoposide, thioguanine, and dexamethasone to daunorubicin and cytarabine (five-drug regimen) during induction would improve remission induction rates and survival of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) when compared with the standard regimen of cytarabine and daunorubicin (7 + 3) and whether allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or intensive chemotherapy consolidation with or without maintenance would give a superior outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 591 assessable children with AML entered Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) trial 213 between January 1986 and February 1989. The status of patients as of September 1, 1992 forms the basis of this report. The results were compared with previous AML studies. RESULTS The projected survival rate of all patients at 5 years is 39% (event-free survival [EFS] rate, 31%), which is superior to that of the prior CCG study (P = .01). The induction rate was 79% for 7 + 3 and 76% for the five-drug regimen (not significant). Comparisons of BMT to chemotherapy favored BMT, but these differences do not always reach statistical significance (eg, 5-year disease-free survival [DFS] rate, 46% v 38% [P = .06] with donor available and 54% v 37% [P = .002] if treated according to protocol intent). No benefit for maintenance therapy was found and, in some comparisons, it was inferior to discontinuation of therapy (5-year survival rate, 46% v 68%, P < .01). CONCLUSION The 5-year EFS rate of patients with AML is 31% and has improved. The five-drug induction regimen is no better than standard induction, BMT appears superior to chemotherapy, and maintenance therapy was not beneficial.
Uptake of gold- and [3H]cholesteryl linoleate-labeled human low density lipoprotein by cultured rat granulosa cells: cellular mechanisms involved in lipoprotein metabolism and their importance to steroidogenesis

We used electron microscopy, acid hydrolase cytochemistry, and biochemistry to analyze the uptake and metabolism of colloidal gold- and [3H]cholesteryl linoleate-labeled human low density lipoprotein (LDL) by cultured rat granulosa cells. The initial interaction of gold- LDL conjugates with granulosa cells occurred at binding sites diffusely distributed over the plasma membrane. After incubation with ligand in the cold, 99.9% of the conjugates were at the cell surface but less than 4% lay over coated pits. Uptake was specific since it was decreased 93-95% by excess unconjugated LDL and heparin, but only 34- 38% by excess unconjugated human high density lipoprotein. LDL uptake was related to granulosa cell differentiation; well-luteinized cells bound 2-3 times as much gold-LDL as did poorly luteinized cells. Ligand internalization was initiated by warming and involved coated pits, coated vesicles, pale multivesicular bodies (MVBs), dense MVBs, and lysosomes. A key event in this process was the translocation of gold- LDL conjugates from the cell periphery to the Golgi zone. This step was carried out by the pale MVB, a prelysosomal compartment that behaves like an endosome. Granulosa cells exposed to LDL labeled with gold and [3H]cholesteryl linoleate converted [3H]sterol to [3H]progestin in a time-dependent manner. This conversion was paralleled by increased gold- labeling of lysosomes and blocked by chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal activity. In brief, granulosa cells deliver LDL to lysosomes by a receptor-mediated mechanism for the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters. The resulting cholesterol is, in turn, transferred to other cellular compartments, where conversion to steroid occurs. These events comprise the pathway used by steroid-secreting cells to obtain the LDL- cholesterol vital for steroidogenesis.
Argument and verbal aggression in constructive and destructive family and organizational disagreements

This study explored the extent to which argumentative and verbally aggressive behavior is perceived in family and organizational disagreement situations which are either constructive or destructive. The comparison of participants’ and observers’ perceptions was of interest. Three hypotheses were derived from a recently developed model of aggressive forms of communication. Participants (N = 137) described in writing an experienced family or organizational disagreement which was either constructive or destructive. Later, 137 persons (observers) read the descriptions. Both participants and observers rated the communication described in terms of argumentative and verbally aggressive conduct. Considerable support was observed for two of the three hypotheses. More argument and less verbal aggression were observed in constructive as compared to destructive disagreements regardless of context. More verbal aggression was reported in family as compared to organizational disagreements. Finally, participants, when co.
The Craft of Robbers of Cash-in-transit Vans: Crime Facilitators and the Entrepreneurial Approach

Abstract Cash-in-transit vans are an attractive target for robbers because they are lucrative. Yet they are risky too; vans are mobile, guards have to be confronted directly, and there are higher levels of security than found in most other targets. Therefore this type of robbery attracts the attention of ‘professionals’; that is those who are dedicated and skilled and better able to manage the risks associated with their offending. Indeed, if robberies are to be successful, which at a minimum means obtaining expected rewards and avoiding arrest and prosecution, it is crucial that various types of risks are managed carefully and well. This paper provides a rare insight into the craft of the ‘professional’ robber. Specifically, it discusses how robbers use their experience, attitude to the offence, approach to planning and use of violence to reduce the risks of things going wrong. It is suggested that the entrepreneurial aspects of cash-in-transit robbery means that attempts at prevention may best be focussed on reducing the opportunities rather than tackling the types of facilitators discussed in this paper.
Hd6, a rice quantitative trait locus involved in photoperiod sensitivity, encodes the α subunit of protein kinase CK2

Hd6 is a quantitative trait locus involved in rice photoperiod sensitivity. It was detected in backcross progeny derived from a cross between the japonica variety Nipponbare and the indica variety Kasalath. To isolate a gene at Hd6, we used a large segregating population for the high-resolution and fine-scale mapping of Hd6 and constructed genomic clone contigs around the Hd6 region. Linkage analysis with P1-derived artificial chromosome clone-derived DNA markers delimited Hd6 to a 26.4-kb genomic region. We identified a gene encoding the α subunit of protein kinase CK2 (CK2α) in this region. The Nipponbare allele of CK2α contains a premature stop codon, and the resulting truncated product is undoubtedly nonfunctional. Genetic complementation analysis revealed that the Kasalath allele of CK2α increases days-to-heading. Map-based cloning with advanced backcross progeny enabled us to identify a gene underlying a quantitative trait locus even though it exhibited a relatively small effect on the phenotype.
Fruit quality, anthocyanin and total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of 45 blueberry cultivars grown in Suwon, Korea

Blueberry fruits from 45 commercial cultivars (39 northern highbush and 6 half highbush blueberry) grown in Suwon, Korea were analyzed for fruit size, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Fruit characteristics varied widely among the 45 blueberry cultivars. Fruit weight ranged from 0.9 to 3.6 g, soluble solids content from 8.3 to 14.3 °Brix, and titratable acidity from 0.8% to 3.6%. Antioxidant activity ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of fresh berries in different blueberry cultivars. Among the 45 blueberry cultivars, high amounts of anthocyanins and polyphenols, and high antioxidant activity were observed in ‘Elliott’, ‘Rubel’, ‘Rancocas’, and ‘Friendship’.
A systematic review of physical activity policy recommendations and interventions for people with mental health problems in Sub-Saharan African countries

Introduction There is a need for interventions to address the escalating mental health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Implementation of physical activity (PA) within the rehabilitation of people with mental health problems (PMHP) could reduce the burden and facilitate recovery. The objective of the current review was to explore (1) the role of PA within mental health policies of SSA countries, and (2) the current research evidence for PA to improve mental health in SSA. Methods We screened the Mental Health Atlas and MiNDbank for mental health policies in SSA countries and searched PubMed for relevant studies on PA in PMHP in SSA. Results Sixty-nine percent (=33/48) of SSA countries have a dedicated mental health policy. Two of 22 screened mental health policies included broad physical activity recommendations. There is clear evidence for the role of PA in the prevention and rehabilitation of depression in SSA. Conclusion Despite the existing evidence, PA is largely a neglected rehabilitation modality in the mental health care systems of SSA. Continued education of existing staff, training of specialized professionals and integration of PA for mental health in public health awareness programs are needed to initiate and improve PA programs within the mental health care systems of SSA.
A Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Perspective on New Product Selling: A Framework for Future Research

Building on job demands-resources (JD-R) theory, a comprehensive model of the determinants of salesperson new product selling outcomes is proposed. Existing empirical support for the proposed model is then assessed through a detailed review of published empirical studies. The results of this comparative process reveal research is needed that (1) explores important causal linkages implied by JD-R theory that have not been considered in previous research (e.g., new product selling demands → burnout → outcomes); (2) proceeds from a more robust understanding of the factors relevant to new product selling situations, including an expanded array of selling demands (e.g., balancing of new and old products), selling resources (e.g., customer orientation), and selling outcomes (e.g., customer satisfaction); and (3) employs growth (e.g., new product burnout growth) and multisource (e.g., customer and salesperson perceptions) data to improve understanding of the determinants of new product selling outcomes. Aside from fully explicating these knowledge needs, this effort contributes to the literature by advancing a JD-R-based integrative framework for research in this domain, recasting new product selling as a multifaceted job demand, and by presenting one of the first applications of JD-R theory within a sales context.
Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy within the Organizational Context

The self-concept has emerged as an important component of organizational paradigms. This article reviews the conceptual meanings of self-esteem and self-efficacy, clarifies the relation-ship between the two perceptions of the self, and discusses how an understanding of them can lead to better organization management. An empirical examination explored the intervening role of organization-based self-esteem in the relationship between generalized self-efficacy and explored two outcomes-employees' job performance and job-related affect (job satisfaction). Organization-based self-esteem emerged as the stronger predictor of ratings of performance and employee satisfaction, and it appears to act as a mediator in the relationship between generalized self-efficacy and these employee responses. The managerial implications of these results are discussed.