Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thresholds for Size and Complexity Metrics: A Case Study from the Perspective of Defect Density

Practical guidelines on what code has better quality are in great demand. For example, it is reasonable to expect the most complex code to be buggy. Structuring code into reasonably sized files and classes also appears to be prudent. Many attempts to determine (or declare) risk thresholds for various code metrics have been made. In this paper we want to examine the applicability of such thresholds. Hence, we replicate a recently published technique for calculating metric thresholds to determine high-risk files based on code size (LOC and number of methods), and complexity (cyclomatic complexity and module interface coupling) using a very large set of open and closed source projects written primarily in Java. We relate the threshold-derived risk to (a) the probability that a file would have a defect, and (b) the defect density of the files in the high-risk group. We find that the probability of a file having a defect is higher in the very high-risk group with a few exceptions. This is particularly pronounced when using size thresholds. Surprisingly, the defect density was uniformly lower in the very high-risk group of files. Our results suggest that, as expected, less code is associated with fewer defects. However, the same amount of code in large and complex files was associated with fewer defects than when located in smaller and less complex files. Hence we conclude that risk thresholds for size and complexity metrics have to be used with caution if at all. Our findings have immediate practical implications: the redistribution of Java code into smaller and less complex files may be counterproductive.
Ultrasonic Transducer Fabricated Using Lead-Free BFO-BTO+Mn Piezoelectric 1-3 Composite

Mn-doped 0.7BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3 (BFO-0.3BTO+Mn 1% mol) lead-free piezoelectric ceramic were fabricated by traditional solid state reaction. The phase structure, microstructure, and ferroelectric properties were investigated. Additionally, lead-free 1–3 composites with 60% volume fraction of BFO-BTO+Mn ceramic were fabricated for ultrasonic transducer applications by a conventional dice-and-fill method. The BFO-BTO+Mn 1-3 composite has a higher electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt = 46.4%) and lower acoustic impedance (Za ~ 18 MRayls) compared with that of the ceramic. Based on this, lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composite, single element ultrasonic transducer with a center frequency of 2.54 MHz has been fabricated and characterized. The single element transducer exhibits good performance with a broad bandwidth of 53%. The insertion loss of the transducer was about 33.5 dB.
A study of frequency diversity MIMO radar beamforming

Compared to traditional phased-array radar, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar can transmit multiple probing signals that are correlated or uncorrelated with each other. An interesting current research topic in MIMO radar is the frequency diversity MIMO (f-MIMO) radar. The frequency between two adjacent transmitted signals of f-MIMO radar are not identical but stepped uniformly at the same time. In this paper, a f-MIMO radar array processing model is developed. It is shown that the f-MIMO radar array processing can form a range-dimension beam, so it has the ability to distinguish targets in different ranges. The range resolution of array processing is derived, and then, the virtual array aperture of f-MIMO radar is also investigated.
Compact and Sharp Skirts Microstrip Dual-Mode Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Using a Single Quadruple-Mode Resonator (QMR)

A new type of microstrip dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) using a single quadruple-mode resonator (QMR) is proposed in this paper. The classical even-/odd-mode method is applied to analyze the characteristics of the proposed resonator, which shows that it has two pairs of symmetrical resonant modes. Owing to the inherent characteristic of a dual-mode resonator and source-load coupling, four transmission zeros can be produced and these four resonant modes can be divided in two groups, resulting in a dual-band BPF with two resonant modes in each passband. As examples, two dual-mode dual-band BPFs, Filter A with central frequencies (CFs) at 1.99/5.58 GHz and -3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 62.3%/19.7%, while Filter B with CFs at 1.64/5.26 GHz and -3-dB FBW of 32.9%/7.6%, are designed and fabricated. An aperture-backed compensation technique is employed in such two filters to enhance the coupling strength between the feeding lines and QMR. Furthermore, a meander coupled-line section is employed in the Filter A design, while a defected microstrip structure is introduced in Filter B design, so as to increase much more design freedoms for tuning filter performance. The fabricated two filters exhibit simple design procedures, low insertion losses, good return losses, sharp shirts, and compact sizes. Moreover, two BPFs do not need external input/output impedance transformation feeding lines.
Improved Neural Classifier for Microscrew Shape Recognition 1

We propose a neural network based vision system for attending micropieces manufacturing process in micromechanics. The system permits us to recognize the shape of micropieces (screws of 3 mm diameter) in order to get information for controlling and improving the manufacturing process. The neural classifier used for the shape recognition task is termed Limited Receptive Area Grayscale (LIRA Grayscale). The developed vision system has a recognition rate of 98.90%. This work is moti vated by the idea of obtaining an automated control system for micromachines. This paper contains a detailed description of the model and learning rules, and discusses future perspectives.
The C-terminus SH3-binding domain of Kv1.3 is required for the actin-mediated immobilization of the channel via cortactin

Polarization of Kv1.3 channels is a necessary step in T-cell activation and motility. Nonetheless, the mechanisms regulating the Kv1.3 channel's membrane movement are not understood. This study provides evidence that cortactin, an actin-binding protein, controls Kv1.3 membrane motility via the channel's SH3 domain.
Novel Molecular Tumor Cell Markers in Regional Lymph Nodes and Blood Samples from Patients Undergoing Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction Recent evidence suggests that microscopic lymph node metastases and circulating tumor cells may have clinical importance in lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to identify new molecular markers for tumor cells in regional lymph nodes (LNs) and peripheral blood (PB) from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Candidate markers were selected based on digital transcript profiling and previous literature. KRT19, CEACAM5, EPCAM, DSG3, SFTPA, SFTPC and SFTPB mRNA levels were initially validated by real-time reverse transcription PCR-based quantification in 16 NSCLC tumors and 22 LNs and 12 PB samples from individuals without known cancer. Five of the candidate markers were selected for secondary validation by quantification in parallel tumor biopsies, regional LNs and PB samples from 55 patients undergoing surgery for NSCLC. LN and PB marker status were compared to clinicopathological patient data. Results All selected markers except DSG3 were present at high levels in the primary tumors and at very low or non-detectable levels in normal LNs and PB in the first round of validation, indicating a potential for detecting tumor cells in NSCLC patients. The expression profiles of KRT19, CEACAM5, DSG3, SFTPA and SFTPC mRNA were confirmed in the larger group during the secondary validation. Using the highest normal LN level of each marker as threshold, 39 (71%) of the 55 patients had elevated levels of at least one marker in regional LNs. Similarly, 26 (47%) patients had elevated levels of at least one marker in PB. A significantly higher number of patients with adenocarcinomas had positive LN status for these markers, compared with other histological types (P = 0.004). Conclusions Several promising molecular tumor cell markers in regional LNs and PB were identified, including the new SFTPA and SFTPC mRNAs. Clinical follow-up in a larger cohort is needed to elucidate their prognostic value.
Neo-epitope Peptides as Biomarkers of Disease Progression for Muscular Dystrophies and Other Myopathies

For several decades, serological biomarkers of neuromuscular diseases as dystrophies, myopathies and myositis have been limited to routine clinical biochemistry panels. Gauging the pathological progression is a prerequisite for proper treatment and therefore identifying accessible, easy to monitor biomarkers that can predict the disease progression would be an important advancement. Most muscle diseases involve accelerated muscle fiber degradation, inflammation, fatty tissue substitution and/or fibrosis. All these pathological traits have been shown to give rise to serological peptide biomarkers in other tissues, underlining the potential application of existing biomarkers of such traits in muscle disorders. A significant quantity of tissue is involved in these pathological mechanisms alongside with qualitative changes in protein turnover in myofibrillar, extra-cellular matrix and immunological cell protein fractions accompanied by alterations in body fluids. We propose that protein and peptides can leak out of the afflicted muscles and can be of use in diagnosis, prediction of pathology trajectory and treatment efficacy. Proteolytic cleavage systems are especially modulated during a range of muscle pathologies, thereby giving rise to peptides that are differentially released during disease manifestation. Therefore, we believe that pathology-specific post-translational modifications like cleavages can give rise to neoepitope peptides that may represent a promising class of peptides for discovery of biomarkers pertaining to neuromuscular diseases.
Erratum: “The Hipparcos–Gaia Catalog of Accelerations” (2018, ApJS, 239, 31)

We correct an error in the calculation of the perspective acceleration in R.A. of the published catalog (nonlinear_dpmra in the catalog). The error was due to an inconsistency in the computation of linearized motion between the use of a mean decl. and the decl. at the data release 2 (DR2) epoch. The correction is significant only for very nearby stars at substantial decl. ; it is below 0.1 mas yr for all but 31 stars. The perspective acceleration in decl. is unaffected. We also added the radial velocity measurements compiled in the Extended Hipparcos catalog (XHIP; Anderson & Francis 2012), to compute the perspective acceleration for stars without radial velocities published in Gaia DR2 (DR2 takes precedence). This adds nearly 17,000 radial velocity measurements to the catalog. Missing radial velocities had been assumed to be zero for the purposes of computing perspective accelerations. Stars without radial velocities in either XHIP or DR2 are still assumed to have zero radial velocities. Again, this makes a difference for very nearby stars. We added one extra column in the fits table, radial_velocity_source, which is either Gaia_DR2, XHIP, or None. The revised catalog adds Kapteynʼs star (Hip 24186), which has particularly large proper motions, radial velocity, and perspective acceleration. The corrected catalog supersedes the previously published version for all uses.
A CMOS voltage reference without resistors for ultra-low power applications

A MOSFET-only reference is fabricated in 0.18 mum CMOS technology. It uses stacked transistors biased in weak inversion to shift the produced negative temperature coefficient to relax the requirement for the weighting gain. The temperature dependence and the supply sensitivity of the output are 127 ppm/degC and 6 mV/V, respectively. The chip occupies 0.004 mm2 and consumes less than 40 nW at 0.7 V supply.
Hyperlipidemia aggravates renal disease in B6.ROP Os/+ mice.

INTRODUCTION Reduction of renal mass is frequently associated with progressive loss of kidney function. We examined the effects of hyperlipidemia on renal pathology and mediators of tissue damage in B6.ROP Os/+ mice, a model of reduced renal mass. METHODS C57BL/6 control mice and B6.ROP Os/+ mice were fed normal rodent chow or a high fat, high cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 12 weeks. Kidney function and renal pathology were assessed. RESULTS Hyperlipidemia led to a decline in kidney function in C57BL/6 mice. Renal pathology was characterized by an increase in glomerular matrix and cellularity, glomerular and tubulointerstitial macrophage influx, and increased tubular epithelial cell turnover. Chow-fed B6.ROP Os/+ animals demonstrated glomerular hypertrophy with an increase in mesangial matrix and cellularity that was characterized by macrophage influx and increased proliferation. The tubulointerstitium showed increased macrophages as well as tubular atrophy and dilation. Renal pathology was accompanied by an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and proteinuria. Hyperlipidemia in B6.ROP Os/+ mice resulted in increased plasma BUN compared to chow-fed B6.ROP Os/+ animals and aggravated renal pathology by further increasing glomerular matrix and glomerular hypercellularity. Glomerular hypercellularity was associated with increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF B) and its receptor beta. Glomerular transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expression was increased in B6.ROP Os/+ mice, hyperlipidemic C57BL/6 mice and hyperlipidemic B6.ROP Os/+ animals compared to controls and correlated with the amount of mesangial matrix. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that hyperlipidemia worsens renal pathology in B6.ROP Os/+ mice with a decline in renal function mediated at least in part through increased renal expression of the cytokines PDGF B and TGF-beta.
Learning with Incremental Iterative Regularization

Within a statistical learning setting, we propose and study an iterative regularization algorithm for least squares defined by an incremental gradient method. In particular, we show that, if all other parameters are fixed a priori, the number of passes over the data (epochs) acts as a regularization parameter, and prove strong universal consistency, i.e. almost sure convergence of the risk, as well as sharp finite sample bounds for the iterates. Our results are a step towards understanding the effect of multiple epochs in stochastic gradient techniques in machine learning and rely on integrating statistical and optimization results.
Bow Ties, Metabolism and Disease

Highly organized, universal structures underlying biological and technological networks mediate effective trade-offs among efficiency, robustness and evolvability, with predictable fragilities that can be used to understand disease pathogenesis. The aims of this article are to describe the features of one common organizational architecture in biology, the bow tie. Large-scale organizational frameworks such as the bow tie are necessary starting points for higher-resolution modeling of complex biologic processes Systems biology is a multidisciplinary approach for describing, understanding and controlling the properties and dynamics of whole biological networks and systems that combines high-throughput data generation with new computational and mathematical tools [1]. The long-term goal in systems biology – that is, the integration of information from varied sources into models that are in some sense 'complete' – will require the connection of data and models at several levels of abstraction and detail [2]. Without an organizational framework, however, the sheer complexity of whole cells and organisms can be overwhelming, and model-based predictions about the nature of rare events of greatest interest (i.e. disease states) will be difficult to extract. Thus, complex systems can be understood only by identifying their organizing principles, theories, design rules and, in particular, protocols. By protocols, we mean the rules and interfaces by which modules interact; these protocols are organized within a global framework referred to as the 'architecture' [3]. Engineering approaches to understand the organizational principles of biological networks have had both a rich, successful history and a recent revival in interest [4]. Engineering tools have been used to identify important biological motifs and modules [5], as well as their regulation by universal principles of robustness [3]. Even in engineering, however, complex networks such as very-large-scale integrated circuits are not modeled simultaneously at the level of whole-chip or 'device physics', but instead are modeled with a hierarchy of schemes of various resolution. Here we address global architectures and protocols that complement the device physics of local circuit motifs [6]. The natural language in which to describe these universal principles is, of course, mathematical. Unfortunately, theory for the type of distributed and asynchronous global control used in biology is relatively new [7]. Nevertheless, from existing concepts it is possible to distill insight into candidate universal architectures that can be tentatively confirmed by comparing biological systems with one another and with technological systems. 'Bow-tie' structures and protocols in metabolism Although bacterial metabolism is probably the best-studied biological network, little …
Advanced Carbon‐Based Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

The ever‐increasing demand for large‐scale energy storage systems requires novel battery technologies with low‐cost and sustainable properties. Due to earth‐abundance and cost effectiveness, the development of rechargeable potassium ion batteries (PIBs) has recently attracted much attention. Since carbon‐based materials are abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic, and safe, extensive feasibility investigations have suggested that they can become promising anode materials for PIBs. This review not only attempts to provide better understanding of the potassium storage mechanism, but also summarizes the availability of new carbon‐based materials and their electrochemical performance covering graphite, graphene, and hard carbon materials plus carbon‐based composites. Finally, the critical issues, challenges, and perspectives are discussed to demonstrate the developmental direction of PIBs.
A dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic study of subcutaneously administered recombinant human interleukin 12 and its biological effects in Japanese patients with advanced malignancies.

A pilot dose-escalation study of recombinant human interleukin 12 (rhIL-12) was conducted in Japanese patients with advanced malignancies. Cohorts of three patients received escalating doses of rhIL-12 that increased from 50 to 300 ng/kg/day s.c. three times a week for 2 weeks followed by 1-week rest. The same dosage and schedule was repeated for two additional courses. Sixteen previously treated patients were registered, and 15 were evaluated. Common toxicities were fever and leukopenia; the abnormality of laboratory tests included elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein, and beta2-microglobin. Dose-limiting toxicity was the grade 3 elevation of aminotransferases, and was observed in two of six patients at the 300-ng/kg dose level after the first course in one patient and after the third course in the other. Leukopenia was observed at all of the dose levels; two of six patients at 300 ng/kg experienced grade 3 leukopenia. Thus, 300 ng/kg was determined to be the maximum acceptable dose. Peak plasma levels of rhIL-12 decreased in the second courses, but the areas under the curve were almost the same in the first and second courses. Biological effects included increases of plasma levels of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and neopterin. In two patients with renal cell carcinoma, complete response and partial response of metastatic tumors were observed with 50 and 300 ng/kg; the responses lasted for 5 and 3.5 months, respectively. Although immunological response to rhIL-12 varies depending on administration route and schedule and on patients' physiological conditions, the recommended dose for Phase II studies is 300 ng/kg s.c. three times a week for 2 weeks followed by 1-week rest.
On the Development of an Intelligent Fun Portal : Techniques and Algorithms

We describe a web intelligent system that demonstrates many of the challenges and implications arising from building such systems on the web. The particular system is an on-line fun portal that adopts several key ideas spanning from site design to user walk-through and user-input analysis, in order to “intelligently” adapt to user interests and, consequently, improve user experience. We build on concepts from machine learning and statistics (naïve Bayes analysis and user models), agent theory (dynamic responses by examining the environment), friendly user interfaces (easy navigation, environment customization) as well as on several ideas for efficient and timely data manipulation (incremental version of algorithms and extended caching).
Low socioeconomic class is a risk factor for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms: a population based study in 15 000 Australian adults

BACKGROUND The association of social class with health has been extensively studied, yet relationships between social class and gastrointestinal symptoms remain almost unexplored. AIMS To examine relationships between social class and gastrointestinal symptoms in a population sample. METHODS The prevalence of 16 troublesome gastrointestinal symptoms was determined by a postal questionnaire sent to 15 000 subjects (response rate 60%) and compared with a validated composite measure of socioeconomic status (index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage). Comparisons across social class were explored for five symptom categories (oesophageal symptoms; upper dysmotility symptoms; bowel symptoms; diarrhoea; and constipation). Results are reported as age standardised rate ratios with the most advantaged social class as the reference category. RESULTS There were clear trends for the prevalence rates of all gastrointestinal symptoms to increase with decreasing social class. These trends were particularly strong for the five symptom categories. Lower social class was associated with a significantly (p<0.0001) higher number of symptoms reported overall and with a higher proportion of individuals reporting 1–2 symptoms and more than five symptoms. In both sexes, the most pronounced effects for subjects in the lowest social class were found for constipation (males: rate ratio 1.83 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.16–2.51); females: rate ratio 1.68 (95% CI 1.31–2.04)) and upper dysmotility symptoms (males: rate ratio 1.45 (95% CI 1.02–1.88); females: rate ratio 1.35 (95% CI 1.07–1.63)). Oesophageal symptoms and diarrhoea were not associated with social class. CONCLUSIONS Troublesome gastrointestinal symptoms are linked to socioeconomic status with more symptoms reported by subjects in low socioeconomic classes. Low socioeconomic class should be considered a risk factor for both upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms.