Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What happens post-deportation? The experience of deported Afghans

Deportation, understood as the physical removal of someone against their will from the territory of one state to that of another, has moved to the forefront of academic and policy agendas. Although there is a growing literature on legislation and policy, there is very little in-depth data on what happens post-deportation. In this article, we examine possible post-deportation outcomes. We argue that, whatever reasons existed for people to migrate in the ﬁrst place, deportation adds to these and creates at least three additional reasons that make adjustment, integration, or reintegration difﬁcult, if not impossible. These include the impossibility of repaying debts incurred by migration, the existence of transnational and local ties, the shame of failure, and the perceptions of ‘contamination’. We draw on a mixture of quantitative and qualitative data gathered in Europe and Afghanistan to argue that many deported Afghans at- tempt and succeed in re-migrating.
Emergence of White-Lie Telling in Children Between 3 and 7 Years of Age

White-lie-telling behavior in 3 to 7-years-olds was examined using a Reverse Rouge Task. Before children took a photograph of the experimenter, the experimenter asked, "Do I look okay for the photo? " In the experimental condition, the experimenter's nose had a visible mark; in the control condition, it did not. Most of the children in the experimental condition told white lies. Undergraduates who saw children's videotaped responses could not discriminate the white-lie tellers from the control nonliars. Analysis of the children's expressive behavior revealed that white-lie tellers only differed from control nonliars on three categories. Results suggest that children are not always candid truth tellers. They are able to use both verbal and nonverbal display rules and tell white lies in politeness situations.
Relative Reading Achievement: A Longitudinal Study of 187 Children from First through Sixth Grades.

This article reports results of a longitudinal study of relative reading achievement of 87 boys and 100 girls from 1st through 6th grades. Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests (W. H. MacGinitie, J. Kamons, R. L. Kowalski, R. K. MacGinitie, & T. MacKay, 1980) data were drawn from records of 1 rural school district in Eastern Canada. There was a systematic relationship between gender and reading categorization in Grades 1-3, with more boys below average, and no systematic relationship in Grades 4-6. Probabilities of 6th-grade reading-achievement categorization conditioned on 1st-grade achievement were used to challenge the stability of reading categorization reported in previous studies. The courses of relative reading achievement over the 6 grades of key subgroups of children were followed to show how reading-achievement categorization changes. The implications include a case for early reading intervention and for reconsideration of the view that relative reading achievement is largely immutable.
Children, Parents and Food

Examines aspects of the child′s early experience with food and eating in order to reveal how these experiences shape children′s food acceptance patterns. The transition from suckling to consuming an omnivorous diet is critical to the child′s growth and health. Despite the necessity of a varied diet, children do not readily accept new foods, and are often very neophobic. Repeated experience is necessary to transform the initial neophobic response. The social contexts and physiological consequences of eating also shape children′s food acceptance patterns through associative conditioning, in which foods′ sensory cues are associated with the contexts and consequences of ingestion. Children are responsive to the energy density of foods and can adjust intake based on foods′ energy density. Such responsiveness is easily disrupted when parents employ child‐feeding tactics to control what and how much children will eat. Limited evidence suggests that such child‐feeding practices may focus the child away from hunge.
Neural Processing of Emotional Prosody across the Adult Lifespan

Emotion recognition deficits emerge with the increasing age, in particular, a decline in the identification of sadness. However, little is known about the age-related changes of emotion processing in sensory, affective, and executive brain areas. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated neural correlates of auditory processing of prosody across adult lifespan. Unattended detection of emotional prosody changes was assessed in 21 young (age range: 18–35 years), 19 middle-aged (age range: 36–55 years), and 15 older (age range: 56–75 years) adults. Pseudowords uttered with neutral prosody were standards in an oddball paradigm with angry, sad, happy, and gender deviants (total 20% deviants). Changes in emotional prosody and voice gender elicited bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG) responses reflecting automatic encoding of prosody. At the right STG, responses to sad deviants decreased linearly with age, whereas happy events exhibited a nonlinear relationship. In contrast to behavioral data, no age by sex interaction emerged on the neural networks. The aging decline of emotion processing of prosodic cues emerges already at an early automatic stage of information processing at the level of the auditory cortex. However, top-down modulation may lead to an additional perceptional bias, for example, towards positive stimuli, and may depend on context factors such as the listener's sex.
Normative predictions of collectivist-individualist intentions and behaviour of Indians

Five hundred and thirty-four college students, drawn from five distantly located cities in India that varied in affluence and infrastructural facilities, participated in a study designed to understand their normative predictions about people's responses to 20 situations. The responses consisted of five combinations: collectivist behaviour with collectivist intention (CC), individualist behaviour with individualist intention (II), collectivist behaviour with individualist intention to behave subsequently in an individualist way or to serve individualist intention (CI), individualist behaviour with collectivist intention to behave subsequently in a collectivist way or to serve a collectivist purpose (IC), and a mix of collectivist and individualist intention and behaviour (C&I). The findings indicated that the situations involving family members were reported to induce collectivism in behaviour as well as intentions. However, compelling personal needs were believed to lead to serve individualist interests, .
Between feminism and anorexia: An autoethnography

Critical feminist work on eating disorders has grown substantially since its establishment in the 1980s, and has increasingly incorporated the use of anorexic stories, voices and experiences. Yet rarely do such accounts offer the anorexic a space to respond to the now established feminist conceptions of the problem which structure the books or articles in which they appear. Anorexic or recovered anorexic voices are used by the researcher to interpret the role played by gender, even while the subjects are invited to respond to and critique, medical and popular discourses on the disorder. This lack of dialogue is all the more striking in the context of the feminist aim to challenge the silencing of the anorexic voice when it comes to women’s own interpretations of their starving, treatment and construction. As someone who suffered from anorexia for 20 years, this article offers an autoethnographic account of my experience of encountering the feminist literature on anorexia in a bid to speak back, or enter into a dialogue between feminist politics and eating disorder experience.
Breeding Sweet Basil for Chilling Tolerance

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L., Lamiaceae) is a tropical species native to East Africa (Simon et al. 1990; Vieira and Simon 2000, 2006; Vieira et al. 2003). Sweet basil can be damaged in the field by chilling temperatures in spring and fall, and when stored and transported. Temperatures below 5°C lead to significant leaf necrosis and damage has been observed when temperatures drop below 10°C (Lange and Cameron 1997). Chilling causes brown discoloration of interveinal leaf areas, an increase of leaf blade thickening, decrease of plant growth, a reduction of the postharvest shelf life, and deterioration of quality and marketability (Cantwell and Reid 1993; Lange and Cameron 1994). The present study was undertaken to identify and develop chilling tolerant basil.
Effects of ideological and relational psychological contract breach and fulfilment on volunteers’ work effort

The ideological psychological contract (PC) describes perceived obligations related to an organization’s mission, values, and principles. The lack of research regarding ideological PC breach and fulfilment is surprising, as theory states that this PC type has distinct effects on outcomes. We address this gap in the literature and investigate how ideological PC breach and fulfilment influence volunteers’ work effort and whether this effect differs from relational PC breach and fulfilment. We measured promised and delivered ideological and relational inducements on two separate occasions and used polynomial regressions and response surface analyses to test our hypotheses. In the case of ideological PC fulfilment, results indicated that work effort increases in situations of mutual-low and mutual-high obligations. In the case of ideological PC breach, work effort increases in situations of under- and overfulfilment. We conclude that underfulfilment of ideological PCs differed from relational PCs, as work effort decreases in the case of the latter. Hence, our findings demonstrate the importance of considering the unique nature of ideological obligations in the PC literature.
Intellectual, Neurologic, and Neuropsychologic Outcome in Untreated Subjects with Nonphenylketonuria Hyperphenylalaninemia

Based on the serum phenylalanine levels under free diet patients with hyperphenylalaninemia are classified as “classical” (>1200μmol/L), “mild” (600-1200 μmol/L), or“nonphenylketonuria (PKU)-hyperphenylalaninemia” (<600μmol/L). Recent studies revealed intellectual, neurologic, and neuropsychologic deficits as well as abnormalities of cerebral white matter(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) in patients with early and adequately treated PKU. In addition deficits in IQ were reported for a group of 4-y-old patients with untreated mild PKU and non-PKU hyperphenylalaninemia (serum phenylalanine levels below 900 μmol/L). As a consequence, a lifelong diet with serum phyenylalanine levels below 400 μmol/L was recommended even for those patients with serum phenylalanine levels remaining consistently between 400 and 600 μmol/L. Generally patients with non-PKU hyperphenylalaninemia were not treated, as a normal outcome was suspected, but the clinical development of patients with non-PKU hyperphenylalaninemia was not so far studied systematically. We assessed 28 untreated patients with non-PKU hyperphenylalaninemia (age: mean = 21.8, SD = 4.2 y) for IQ, school and job career, clinical-neurologic development, fine motor performances, selective and sustained attention, as well as for frontal lobe-dependent“executive functions. ” In addition, cranial MRI was obtained in 10 of these patients. Compared with healthy control subjects, matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, the patients reached normal results in all clinical and psychometric tests. Cranial MRI revealed no abnormalities. Additionally, no significant correlations between serum phenylalanine levels and test results were obtained. In the absence of any demonstrative effect, treatment is unlikely to be of significant effect in patients with non-PKU hyperphenylalaninemia.
In vivo efficacy of melanoma internal radionuclide therapy with a 131I‐labelled melanin‐targeting heteroarylcarboxamide molecule

The development of alternative therapies for melanoma treatment is of great interest as long‐term tumour regression is not achieved with new targeted chemotherapies on selected patients. We previously demonstrated that radioiodinated heteroarylcarboxamide ([131I]ICF01012) induced a strong anti‐tumoural effect by inhibiting both primary tumour growth and dissemination process in a B16BL6 melanoma model. In our study, we show that a single injection of [131I]ICF01012 (ranging from 14.8 to 22.2 MBq) was effective and associated with low and transient haematological toxicity. Concerning pigmented organs, cutaneous melanocytes and skin were undamaged. In 30% of treated animals, no histological alteration of retina was observed, and in the remaining 70%, damages were restricted to the optic nerve area. Using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose methodology, we determined that the absorbed dose in major organs is very low (<4 Gy) and that a delivery of 30 Gy to the tumour is sufficient for an effective anti‐tumoural response. Molecular analyses of treated tumours showed a strong radiobiological effect with a decrease in proliferation, survival and pro‐angiogenic‐related markers and an increase in tumour suppressor gene expression, melanogenesis and anti‐angiogenic markers. All these features are in accordance with a tumour cell death mechanism that mainly occurs by mitotic catastrophe and provide a better understanding of in vivo anti‐tumoural effects of [131I] radionuclide. Our findings raise [131I]ICF01012 a good candidate for disseminated melanoma treatment and strongly support transfer of [131I]ICF01012 to clinical trial.
Contingent, Temporary Unemployment Insurance's Impacts on Employment and Unemployment Durations

This paper studies contingent, temporary unemployment insurance (UI) coverage’s impacts on employment and unemployment durations using a duration model extended with heaping considerations and a recent Canadian panel data. A unique source of identification here is the Employment Insurance (EI) reform of Canada in the 1996. Based on the estimated coefficients from the duration models, the simulations suggest that UI increases unemployment rates by 2% and 5% in the non-seasonal and seasonal sectors respectively.
The effect of developing reflective thinking on metacognitional awareness at primary education level in Turkey

Reflective thinking enables the individual to realize his or her own learning and thinking processes, reflect the weaknesses and strengths in them and find the suitable development and renewable methods for weak elements, and also further strengthen the strong elements. This study is built upon research regarding whether or not the acquisition of this thinking ability by 5th class students in primary education can affect their metacognitional awareness levels. It was found that the activities developing reflective thinking on the experiment group meaningfully increased the metacognitional awareness of students in contrast to the control group. In addition, no meaningful difference was detected between metacognitional awareness levels of students and their gender.
Effects of self-efficacy-enhancing interventions on the math/science self-efficacy and career interests, goals, and actions of career undecided college students.

This investigation evaluated the effects of both performance accomplishment and vicarious learning experiences on the math/science self-efficacy and career interests, goals (i.e., aspirations), and actions (i.e., choice of major and enrollment in courses) of career undecided college students. Undergraduates who possessed at least a moderate level of math ability and who self-reported at least a moderate level of career undecidedness were randomly assigned to I of 4 treatment conditions: performance accomplishment only, vicarious learning only, combined treatment (performance accomplishment and vicarious learning), or the control group. Pre- and posttreatment assessments of participants' math/science self-efficacy, vocational interests, career aspirations, and career choice actions (i.e., choice of major and courses) revealed significant effects of the performance accomplishment and combined treatments on several of the dependent variables. Theoretical and counseling implications of the results are discussed.
Measuring progress in meeting healthy people goals for low birth weight and infant mortality among the 100 largest cities and their suburbs

We examined the progress of the nation's 100 largest cities and their surrounding suburban areas toward achieving Healthy People 2000/2010 goals for two measures of infant health: low birth weight (LBW) and infant mortality (IM). Using data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we compared 1990 and 2000 urban and suburban LBW and IM rates to target rates for Healthy People 2000 and 2010 objectives. Although the 2000 LBW weight rate for the 100 largest cities was higher than the average for the suburbs (8.9% vs. 7.1%), the increase in LBW rates for the suburbs was nearly four times that of the cities (15.7% vs. 4.1%). Suburban and urban white infants led the increases in LBW rates; urban and suburban black infants showed a slight decrease or no change in LBW rates. Neither cities nor suburbs, on average, met the 2000 target rate of 5%. It appears unlikely that most of the 100 largest cities and suburbs will meet the Healthy People 2010 goal, which remains at 5%, without reductions in preterm births, nationally on the rise. The IM rate declined across most cities and suburbs between 1990 and 2000. However, the 100 largest cities on average did not meet the 2000 IM rate target of 7 infant deaths per 1000 live births; their suburbs did (8.5 vs. 6.4, respectively). The cities and suburbs that did not meet the 2000 target may be especially challenged to meet the 2010 goal for IM unless rates of preterm births are reduced. With the continuing black-white disparities in LBW and IM rates and the overall differences in the racial composition of the largest cities and suburbs, strategies for meeting Healthy People goals will likely need to be targeted to the specific populations they serve.
Transformation of spatiotemporal dynamics in the macaque vestibular system from otolith afferents to cortex

Sensory signals undergo substantial recoding when neural activity is relayed from sensors through pre-thalamic and thalamic nuclei to cortex. To explore how temporal dynamics and directional tuning are sculpted in hierarchical vestibular circuits, we compared responses of macaque otolith afferents with neurons in the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei, as well as five cortical areas, to identical three-dimensional translational motion. We demonstrate a remarkable spatio-temporal transformation: otolith afferents carry spatially aligned cosine-tuned translational acceleration and jerk signals. In contrast, brainstem and cerebellar neurons exhibit non-linear, mixed selectivity for translational velocity, acceleration, jerk and position. Furthermore, these components often show dissimilar spatial tuning. Moderate further transformation of translation signals occurs in the cortex, such that similar spatio-temporal properties are found in multiple cortical areas. These results suggest that the first synapse represents a key processing element in vestibular pathways, robustly shaping how self-motion is represented in central vestibular circuits and cortical areas. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.20787. 001
Testing the Incremental Effect of Professional Commitment on Intent to Leave One's Profession beyond the Effects of External, Personal, and Work-Related Variables☆

Abstract There has been less empirical research focusing on intent to leave one's profession than on other types of interrole transitions. Using a longitudinal sample of 457 repeat-respondent medical technologists, this study found that younger and less satisfied medical technologists had a higher intent to leave their profession. Also, men showed a stronger intent to leave than women. After controlling for these initial correlates, professional commitment accounted for significant additional variance in intent to leave profession.
Information in (and not in) the Term Structure

Standard approaches to building and estimating dynamic term structure models rely on the assumption that yields can serve as the factors. However, the assumption is neither theoretically necessary nor empirically supported. This article documents that almost half of the variation in bond risk premia cannot be detected using the cross-section of yields. Fluctuations in this hidden component have strong forecast power for both future short-term interest rates and excess bond returns. They are also negatively correlated with aggregate economic activity, but macroeconomic variables explain only a small fraction of variation in the hidden factor. The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Judgment Accuracy and Outcomes in Negotiation: A Causal Modeling Analysis of Decision-Aiding Effects

Abstract This study examines how interaction structure (no formal structure versus modified Nominal Group Technique) and communication channels (face-to-face versus computer-mediated) affect negotiation performance by changing negotiation judgment accuracy. Participants assumed the role of a selling division manager or one of two buying division managers and completed an intra-organizational transfer pricing negotiation task in groups of three members each. In half of all groups, members interacted freely without any formal structure; in the other half, members interacted using a two-step, modified Nominal Group Technique. Within each of these two conditions, half the groups met directly and communicated face-to-face; in the other half, members were physically isolated and communicated with the aid of a simultaneous electronic-messaging facility. Results showed that unstructured groups and computer-mediated groups had lower judgment accuracy, obtained lower outcomes, and distributed resources more unequally than structured groups and face-to-face groups, respectively. Further analyses using causal modeling revealed that judgment accuracy played a significant role in determining negotiation outcomes. Specifically, negotiation structure caused increases in both individual and group profits and decreases in inequality of resource distribution by reducing fixed-sum error. Computer-mediated communication increased both fixed-sum error and incompatibility error and these increases explained the effects of communication medium on resource distribution. However, changes in fixed-sum error only partially explained the effects of communication medium on individual and group profits. Changes in incompatibility error did not explain any of the effects of communication medium on profits. These results are discussed in terms of implications for the design and implementation of decision aids for small group negotiation.
The effect of probabilistic phonotactics on lexical acquisition

The effect of probabilistic phonotactics on lexical acquisition in typically developing children was examined to determine whether a lexical or sublexical level of language processing dominates lexical acquisition. Sixty-one normally achieving 7, 10, and 13 year-old children participated in a word learning task, involving non-words of varying probabilistic phonotactics. Non-words were presented in a lecture format and recognition memory was tested following a 7 minute filled delay. Results showed that 10 and 13 year-old children recognized more high probability non-words than low probability non-words. In contrast, 7 year-old children showed no consistent effect of probabilistic phonotactics on lexical acquisition. These findings suggest that the sublexical level of processing dominates word learning during the initial phases in older children. This, in turn, raises questions about the mental representations of words and the effect of phonological knowledge on lexical acquisition in young children. Implic.