Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regularization Path of Cross-Validation Error Lower Bounds

Careful tuning of a regularization parameter is indispensable in many machine learning tasks because it has a significant impact on generalization performances. Nevertheless, current practice of regularization parameter tuning is more of an art than a science, e.g., it is hard to tell how many grid-points would be needed in cross-validation (CV) for obtaining a solution with sufficiently small CV error. In this paper we propose a novel framework for computing a lower bound of the CV errors as a function of the regularization parameter, which we call regularization path of CV error lower bounds. The proposed framework can be used for providing a theoretical approximation guarantee on a set of solutions in the sense that how far the CV error of the current best solution could be away from best possible CV error in the entire range of the regularization parameters. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that a theoretically guaranteed choice of a regularization parameter in the above sense is possible with reasonable computational costs.
Regular Traveling Waves in a One-Dimensional Network of Theta Neurons

This paper focuses on regular traveling waves, or waves that propagate smoothly, in a one-dimensional network of theta neurons. We show that when coupling strength is sufficiently large, there exist two traveling wave solutions for this network. Moreover, the cells in the network spike more than one time after joining the wave; that is, some form of synaptic depression or other adaptive mechanism must exist to attain single-spike traveling waves. We also present results about how the behavior of solutions to this network depends on the maximal synaptic coupling strength and the wave speed. This is relevant to consideration of uniqueness and to bounding the range of coupling strengths for which waves exist.
Winning the Job Placement Competition: Industry’s Message and Academia’s Response

Hospitality undergraduates enter today’s workforce plagued by the fear of procuring a job in their chosen hospitality career. Hospitality management graduates’ unemployment rate hovers around an estimated 6.0%. A multitude of studies have been done to examine and explore attractive knowledge, skills, and abilities and attributes needed from quality graduates, but a paucity of studies have been used to understand marketing and presenting tactics for future hospitality graduates. This study seeks to explore strategies and actions that are currently being utilized or that could be designed and implemented to improve hospitality students’ position in their competitive job market. When these favorable strategies and/or gaps are identified, attempts can be made to execute them in future academic programs, which can ultimately enhance hospitality management students’ job placement success. Academic programs can use this information to combat teaching issues that challenge the process of educating 21st-century millennial students.
Social Capital, Gender and Educational Level - Impact on Self-Rated Health

Objectives: Social capital has been recognized as one important social determinant for health, but we still have limited knowledge about how it can be used to explain inequality in health. This study investigated the links between individual social capital and self-rated health by gender and educational level, and analyzed if access to social capital might explain the observed disparities in self-rated health between men and women and different educational groups. Study design: A cross-sectional survey in Northern Sweden. Methods: A social capital questionnaire was constructed and mailed to 15 000 randomly selected individuals. Different forms of structural and cognitive social capital were measured. Self-rated health was used as the outcome measure. Crude and adjusted OR and 95% CI were calculated for good self- rated health and access to each form of social capital. Multivariate regression was used to analyze how sociodemographic factors and access to social capital might influence differences in self-rated health by gender and educational level. Results: Access to almost each form of social capital significantly increased the odds for good self-rated health for all groups. A higher education significantly increased the odds for access to each form of social capital, and being a man significantly increased the odds for having access to some forms of social capital. The health advantage for higher educated and men partly decreased when controlling for access to social capital. Conclusions: Access to social capital can partly explain the observed health inequality between men and women and different educational groups. Strengthening social capital might be one way of tackling health inequality. It is important to consider the structural conditions that create unequal opportunities for different groups to access social capital.
Effect of hydrogen sulfide on inflammatory cytokines in acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is believed to be involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes, and now it is recognized as the third endogenous signaling gasotransmitter, following nitric oxide and carbon monoxide; however, the effects of H2S on inflammatory factors in acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats have not been clarified. In the present study, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was used as the H2S donor. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, ischemia, ischemia + low-dose (0.78 mg/kg) NaHS, ischemia + medium-dose (1.56 mg/kg) NaHS, ischemia + high-dose (3.12 mg/kg) NaHS and ischemia + propargylglycine (PPG) (30 mg/kg). The rats in each group were sacrificed 6 h after the surgery for sample collection. Compared with the ischemia group, the cardiac damage in the rats in the ischemia + NaHS groups was significantly reduced, particularly in the high-dose group; in the ischemia + PPG group, the myocardial injury was aggravated compared with that in the ischemia group. Compared with the ischemia group, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum of rats in the ischemia + medium- and high-dose NaHS groups were significantly reduced, and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA and nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein in the myocardial tissues of rats was significantly reduced. In the ischemia + PPG group, the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the serum were significantly increased, the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA was increased, although without a significant difference, and the expression of NF-κB was increased. The findings of the present study provide novel evidence for the dual effects of H2S on acute myocardial ischemia injury via the modulation of inflammatory factors.
Dental caries and associated factors in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to describe the dental health status of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, and to identify sociodemographic factors, oral health behaviours, attitudes and knowledge related to dental caries experience. METHODS The study took the form of a cross-sectional survey of 838 children in upper primary schools. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used. Dental caries was measured using World Health Organization criteria. Sociodemographic factors, oral health behaviours, attitudes and knowledge were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS The prevalence of dental caries in the permanent dentition was 27%. The mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth was 0.5 (SD=0.9). The decayed component (D) constituted 91% of the total number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that children had a higher risk of having dental caries if they lived in urban area [OR=1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-2.1], had visited a dentist (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.2-2.2), did not use a toothbrush (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.2-2.9), consumed sweets (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0-1.9) or performed poorly in school (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.0-2.3). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of caries in this sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren was low compared to that in other developing countries. The present study indicated that urban living conditions were associated with more dental caries. Since urbanization is rapid in India, oral health promotion at the present time would be valuable to prevent increased caries prevalence.
Characterization of MYG1 gene and protein: subcellular distribution and function

Background information. MYG1 [Melanocyte proliferating gene 1, also known as Gamm1 (NM_021640)] is a recently described gene of unknown function. MYG1 orthologues are found in simple as well as complex eukaryotes. According to sequence homology, MYG1 is considered to have a metal‐dependent protein hydrolase (UPF0160) domain. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression and subcellular localization of MYG1 protein and to identify physiological processes connected to MYG1 function.
Acid conditioning combined with single-component and two-component dentin bonding agents.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to compare ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid conditioning and phosphoric acid conditioning of dentin in combination with two principally different commercial dentin bonding systems. METHOD AND MATERIALS Twenty-one extracted human third molars were used. All teeth were caries free, and no teeth were root filled. In total, 29 pairs of dentin surfaces were obtained from 21 teeth. One dentin surface in each pair was etched with a 32% phosphoric acid gel for 15 seconds, and the opposite surface was etched with a 24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel for 3 minutes. One experimental group of 15 dentin surface pairs was subsequently bonded with All-Bond 2, a two-component system, and the other group of 14 pairs was bonded with Prime & Bond NT, a one-bottle adhesive. A flowable resin composite was inserted in the experimental cavity and light cured. Shear bond strength testing was performed according to the protocol of the International Organization for Standardization. RESULTS The combination of conditioning with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and bonding with All-Bond 2 was significantly better than all other combinations, providing a shear bond strength that was 61% to 123% greater. CONCLUSION Use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in combination with All-Bond 2 resulted in a significantly greater bond strength to dentin than did conventional acid etching.
On truth discovery in social sensing: A maximum likelihood estimation approach

This paper addresses the challenge of truth discovery from noisy social sensing data. The work is motivated by the emergence of social sensing as a data collection paradigm of growing interest, where humans perform sensory data collection tasks. A challenge in social sensing applications lies in the noisy nature of data. Unlike the case with well-calibrated and well-tested infrastructure sensors, humans are less reliable, and the likelihood that participants' measurements are correct is often unknown a priori. Given a set of human participants of unknown reliability together with their sensory measurements, this paper poses the question of whether one can use this information alone to determine, in an analytically founded manner, the probability that a given measurement is true. The paper focuses on binary measurements. While some previous work approached the answer in a heuristic manner, we offer the first optimal solution to the above truth discovery problem. Optimality, in the sense of maximum likelihood estimation, is attained by solving an expectation maximization problem that returns the best guess regarding the correctness of each measurement. The approach is shown to outperform the state of the art fact-finding heuristics, as well as simple baselines such as majority voting.
A Practical Iron Loss Calculation for AC Filter Inductors Used in PWM Inverters

A novel iron loss calculation method is proposed based on an iron loss map for an AC filter inductor used in a pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) inverter. The iron loss map, previously reported by the authors, is created by measuring the dynamic minor loop on the B-H plane, and this is used for the calculation of inductor iron loss in the dc chopper circuit. However, in the case of an AC filter inductor used in a PWM inverter, the iron loss map cannot be directory applied to the iron loss calculation. In this paper, an iron loss calculation for an ac filter inductor is presented by expanding the loss map method. We describe the principle of expansion and the practical procedure for the calculation, which utilizes the loss map and a conventional circuit simulator. Iron loss for the ac filter inductor under some typical modulation methods of the PWM inverter are calculated and discussed with regard to the relation between the modulation methods and iron loss. The calculated results are verified using experimental results from a 500-W inverter setup. The inductor loss and conversion efficiency of the PWM inverter are measured for each modulation method.
Animals in translation : using the mysteries of autism to decode animal behavior

Profoundly attracted to animals from childhood, Temple Grandin began early on to make links between the autistic and the animal views of the world. Farmers and breeders were baffled that she could come in and invariably pinpoint the cause of any aberrant or troublesome behaviour in their animals. Grandin, in turn, was baffled that they couldn't spot the problems themselves - until she realized that they just weren't visually oriented the way she and the animals were: and that meant really taking in ALL of the details of the scene. 'Normal people', as she consistently calls them, might use their more prominent frontal lobes to tidy experience into language and concepts, but miss a whole 'register' of visual data that didn't fit their expectations. Animals in Translation is an astonishing tale of curing rapist roosters, honouring the genius of squirrels, the rhyming schemes of whale-song or diagnosing why a horse might be afraid of all men in black hats. Full of specific practical advice as well as startling information - with 'A Behaviour Troubleshooting Guide' for animals at the end, this book will be treasured by animal handlers, farmers and breeders, pet owners and all animal lovers - and it is as much a revelation about life with autism as it is about life with animals.
Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 as a Predictor of Outcome During General Ward-Based Noninvasive Ventilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Respiratory Failure

Background Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may reduce the need for intubation and mortality associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with type II respiratory failure. Early and simple predictors of NIV outcome could improve clinical management. This study aimed to assess whether nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) is a useful outcome predictor in COPD patients with type II respiratory failure treated by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Material/Methods This prospective observational study enrolled COPD patients with type II respiratory failure who accepted NIPPV. Patients were submitted to NRS2002 evaluation upon admission. Biochemical tests were performed the next day and blood gas analysis was carried out prior to NIPPV treatment and 4 hours thereafter. Patients were divided into NRS2002 score ≥3 and NRS2002 score <3 groups and NIV failure rates were compared between both groups. Results Of the 233 patients, 71 (30.5%) were not successfully treated by NIPPV. The failure rate was significantly higher in the NRS2002 score ≥3 group (35.23%) in comparison with patients with NRS2002 score <3 (15.79%) (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that PaCO2 (OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.172–1.671, p<0.05) prior to NIPPV treatment and NRS2002 score ≥3 (OR 1.76, 95%CI 1.303–2.374, p<0.05) were independent predictive factors for NIPPV treatment failure. Conclusions NRS2002 score ≥3 and PaCO2 values at admission may predict unsuccessful NIPPV treatment of COPD patients with type II respiratory failure and help to adjust therapeutic strategies. NRS2002 is a noninvasive and simple method for predicting NIPPV treatment outcome.
Mammographic mass classification according to Bi-RADS lexicon

The goal of this study is to propose a computer-aided diagnosis system to differentiate between four breast imaging reporting and data system (Bi-RADS) classes in digitised mammograms. This system is inspired by the approach of the doctor during the radiologic examination as it was agreed in BI-RADS, where masses are described by their form, their boundary and their density. The segmentation of masses in the authors’ approach is manual because it is supposed that the detection is already made. When the segmented region is available, the features extraction process can be carried out. 22 visual characteristics are automatically computed from shape, edge and textural properties; only one human feature is used in this study, which is the patient's age. Classification is finally done using a multi-layer perceptron according to two separate schemes; the first one consists of classify masses to distinguish between the four BI-RADS classes (2, 3, 4 and 5). In the second one the authors classify abnormalities on two classes (benign and malign). The proposed approach has been evaluated on 480 mammographic masses extracted from the digital database for screening mammography, and the obtained results are encouraging.
The Defences of the Weak : A Sociological Study of a Norwegian Correctional Institution

Preface. Part 1: Introduction. 1. The Problem. 2. Some Definitions and Propositions. 3. Preventive Measures and the Preventive Detention Institution. Part 2: The Rise and Functions of Censoriousness. 4. The Staff Context. 5. Staff Distribution as Seen by Inmates. 6. Elements of a Patriarchal Regime. 7. The Disrupted Society. 8. Censoriousness: Models of Justice. 9. Censoriousness: Models of Efficiency. 10. Censoriousness: A Concluding Statement. 11. Problems of Defensive Effectiveness. Part 3: Some Conclusions. 12. The Defences of the Weak. Appendix: Methods and Techniques. Bibliography. Index.
Adometer: Push the Limit of Pedestrian Indoor Localization through Cooperation

Existing work on indoor localization achieves accuracy by conducting site surveys or deploying additional infrastructures. In this paper, we study the feasibility of designing a low cost scheme, which is based on pedestrian dead reckoning and free from these requirements. Our method targets the scenarios where there are a large number of pedestrians in the public places holding their mobile phones while walking. First, we make one key observation that positioning errors brought by different pedestrians are diverse and can be mutually compensated. Second, we leverage the acoustic communication ability in mobile phone to enable users to exchange their locations when they meet with each other within a short distance. The received location information is crowdsourced to get a better location estimate. Finally, we use extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed scheme; the experiments are conducted in a 3,500 square-meter area with more than 18 hours (more than 100 km) real walking traces. Results show that our method is able to reduce the median localization error to 4 m when the user density of the area is more than 50/3,500 per square-meter.
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator: premovement electrical potentials

For the first time, here we characterize a bulbar reticular activating system (RAS) of neurons in decerebrate, deafferented and decerebellated cats producing a premovement electrical potential that we named obex slow potential (OSP). The OSP occurs about 0.8 ± 0.4 sec prior to the onset of a fictive‐scratching‐episode. Here, we describe two classes of bulbar neurons, off‐on, which are silent but exhibit a 80 ± 56 Hz firing discharge at the beginning of (and during) the OSP, and on‐off interneurons, with a 27 ± 14 Hz firing activity that stops at the beginning of (and during) the OSP. We suggest that these OSP‐associated neurons belong to a descending RAS, which contributes to the activation of the spinal central pattern generators.
Clinical Trial of a New Glass Ionomer for an Atraumatic Restorative Treatment Technique in Class I Restorations Placed in Latvian School Children

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new glass ionomer filling material (ChemFlex™) using the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach in class I cavities in the permanent dentition of Latvian schoolchildren. Methods: A total of 63 fillings (40 test and 23 control) were placed using the ART technique in 41 schoolchildren in Riga at the Stomatology Institute of the Medical Academy of Latvia. These fillings were then blindly assessed after 2 years. Results: The complete success rate for both the test and the control material fillings were 92.5 and 94.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The new glass ionomer filling has shown a good performance in terms of retention, marginal failure and fractures in class I cavities.
Competency-based medical education in two Sub-Saharan African medical schools

Background Relatively little has been written on Medical Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, although there are over 170 medical schools in the region. A number of initiatives have been started to support medical education in the region to improve quality and quantity of medical graduates. These initiatives have led to curricular changes in the region, one of which is the introduction of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME). Institutional reviews This paper presents two medical schools, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, which successfully implemented CBME. The processes of curriculum revision are described and common themes are highlighted. Both schools used similar processes in developing their CBME curricula, with early and significant stakeholder involvement. Competencies were determined taking into consideration each country’s health and education systems. Final competency domains were similar between the two schools. Both schools established medical education departments to support their new curricula. New teaching methodologies and assessment methods were needed to support CBME, requiring investments in faculty training. Both schools received external funding to support CBME development and implementation. Conclusion CBME has emerged as an important change in medical education in Sub-Saharan Africa with schools adopting it as an approach to transformative medical education. Makerere University and the University of Ibadan have successfully adopted CBME and show that CBME can be implemented even for the low-resourced countries in Africa, supported by external investments to address the human resources gap.