Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational approaches to figurative language

concepts that are associated with the same source domain are often related to each other in the way we conceptualise them, but their meanings are not necessarily synonymous or even semantically close. Compare, for example, the target concepts MARRIAGE and POLITICAL REGIME. Although not directly related in semantic space, they are both metaphorically mapped to the source concept of MECHANISM (e.g. “Our marriage is not really working” or “The wheels of Stalin’s regime were well oiled and already turning”). The expectation is that the target concepts’ conceptual relatedness should manifest itself in the examples of language use, i.e. they will appear in similar lexico-syntactic environments. As a result, target concepts associated with one source domain will appear together in one cluster produced using distributional clustering. Since the identification of new metaphorical associations is based on this hypothesis I first conducted a data study on the output of a state-of-the-art noun clustering method. I analysed the clusters produced by this method in order to confirm that abstract concepts get clustered together if they are associated with the same source domain and to estimate how frequently this happens.
Market Efficiency, Long-Term Returns, and Behavioral Finance

Market efficiency survives the challenge from the literature on long-term return anomalies. Consistent with the market efficiency hypothesis that the anomalies are chance results, apparent over-reaction to information is about as common as under-reaction. And post-event continuation of pre-event abnormal returns is about as frequent as post-event reversal. Consistent with the market efficiency prediction that apparent anomalies can also be due to methodology, the anomalies are sensitive to the techniques used to measure them, and many disappear with reasonable changes in technique.
Dynamic simulation of splashing fluids

We describe a method for modeling the dynamic behavior of splashing fluids. The model simulates the behavior of a fluid when objects impact or float on its surface. The forces generated by the objects create waves and splashes on the surface of the fluid. To demonstrate the realism and limitations of the model, images from a computer-generated animation are presented and compared with video frames of actual splashes occurring under similar initial conditions. <<ETX>>
Effect of Modification on the Physicochemical and ThermalProperties of Organophilic Clay Modified with Octadecylamine

Organophilic clay was modified by ion exchange reactions using Octadecylamine. The reaction process was carried out at a temperature of 70oC for 90 minutes reaction time in a batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer rotating at a speed of 300 rpm. Physicochemical and thermal properties of the clay before and after modification were determined and compared using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope/ Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDX),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). FESEM images show clearly the micro structural differences between the modified and unmodified clay while EDX shows a compositional changes between modified and unmodified clay with the presence of 7.27% carbon in the modified clay. The analysis of FT-IR spectra shows the attachment of some functional groups which are mostly alkyl and hallo-alkyl groups. This is an indication of proper modification. TGA plots of both pure unmodified and organically modified clay attained stability at a temperature between 500oC and 900oC after reduction in weight due to evaporation of moisture and decomposition of the adhered Alkylammonium salts between 30oC and 500oC. This confirmed that thermal stability of the organically modified clay compared favorably with pure natural clay under TGA.
Interactions of Outside Visual Cues and Motion Cueing Settings in Yaw Tracking

Knowledge of how human operators’ tracking behavior is affected by simulator motion cueing settings is of great value for flight simulator design and fidelity evaluations. Previous studies have revealed strong effects of degraded motion cueing quality on human operator control behavior in compensatory tracking, but the presented visual cues in such studies are often not consistent with what operators perceive in more realistic settings, as they typically do not include the visual cues provided by the out-of-the-window view from their vehicle. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the interaction of such outside visual cues and of motion cueing settings on human operator behavior. Thereto, an experiment in a flight simulator was conducted in which participants performed a yaw-axis target-following disturbance-rejection tracking task. The presence of an outside visual scene and simulator motion feedback quality were varied independently. In the experiment, motion cues were either absent or presented with varying attenuation induced by changing the break frequency of a first-order high-pass yaw motion filter. The results indicate a strong effect of outside visual cues on human operator control behavior in the absence of motion feedback, which is comparable to the measured effect of motion feedback. Overall, human operator control behavior was found to be less affected by varying motion cueing settings when the outside visual cues were available in parallel.
Stiffness adjustment of a series elastic actuator in a knee prosthesis for walking and running: The trade-off between energy and peak power optimization

In ankle-foot prostheses a serial spring can assist the motor to reduce peak power (PP) and energy requirements (ER) during locomotion. Similar benefits can be expected for an active knee prosthesis. We compare the situation of a direct drive with a series elastic actuator optimized for minimal ER or for minimal PP. The simulations indicate that at the knee joint a serial spring can highly reduce ER and PP in running and fast walking. Around preferred walking speed (1.3m/s) only a reduction in ER is found. The optimal stiffness changes with speed and gait. Still it is possible to use one constant stiffness for a huge range of walking and running speeds with only moderate increases of ER and PP in comparison to speed and gait optimized values.
Cardiovascular Reflexes Stimulated by Reperfusion of Ischemic Myocardium in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially of the inferior left ventricular wall, where most cardiac receptors with vagal afferents that are stimulated during coronary occlusion are located, is commonly associated with reflex hypotension and sinus bradycardia. To determine whether reperfusion of an acutely ischemic area can activate cardiac reflexes, changes in the heart rate, arterial pressure and rhythm were correlated with the time course and location of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in 41 patients with AMI. Of the 27 patients with successful reperfusion, 17 developed significant transient bradycardia and hypotension and one became tachycardic and hypertensive at the time of recanalization. Spontaneous reversion of the bradycardia and hypotension occurred definitely in six patients and possibly in more (nine reverted after atropine and two after fluids). A positive correlation existed between the changes in heart rate and blood pressure, in contrast to the usual inverse relationship when baroreceptors are stimulated. Two of the three patients in whom reperfusion was transient also developed hypotension and bradycardia. In contrast, all 11 patients with persistent occlusion demonstrated no reflex cardiovascular changes during intracoronary thrombolytic therapy. Thus, successful reperfusion in AMI stimulates cardioinhibitory and vasodepressor (Bezold-Jarisch) reflexes. These findings raise the possibility that the transient hypotension and bradycardia observed during AMI, particularly inferior MI, may sometimes reflect the occurrence of spontaneous reperfusion of the acutely ischemic myocardium.
Population-based Surveillance for Medically Attended Human Parainfluenza Viruses From the Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project, 2010–2014

Background: Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) have been shown to contribute substantially to pediatric hospitalizations in the United States. However, to date, there has been no systematic surveillance to estimate the burden among pediatric outpatients. Methods: From August 2010 through July 2014, outpatient health care providers with enumerated patient populations in 13 states and jurisdictions participating in the Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project conducted surveillance of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI). Respiratory specimens were collected from the first 10 ILI patients each week with demographic and clinical data. Specimens were tested for multiple respiratory viruses, including PIV1–4, using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assays. Cumulative incidence was calculated using provider patient population size as the denominator. Results: PIVs 1–3 were detected in 8.0% of 7716 ILI-related outpatient specimens: 30% were PIV1, 26% PIV2 and 44% PIV3. PIV circulation varied noticeably by year and type, with PIV3 predominating in 2010–2011 (incidence 110 per 100,000 children), PIV1 in 2011–2012 (89 per 100,000), dual predominance of PIV2 and PIV3 (88 and 131 per 100,000) in 2012–2013 and PIV3 (100 per 100,000) in 2013–2014. The highest incidence of PIV detections was among patients aged <5 years (259–1307 per 100,000). The median age at detection for PIV3 (3.4 years) was significantly lower than the median ages for PIV1 (4.5 years) and PIV2 (7.0 years; P < 0.05). Conclusions: PIVs 1–3 comprise a substantial amount of medically attended pediatric ILI, particularly among children aged <5 years. Distinct seasonal circulation patterns as well as significant differences in rates by age were observed between PIV types.
Management Earnings Forecasts: A Review and Framework

SYNOPSIS: In this paper, we provide a framework in which to view management earnings forecasts. Specifically, we categorize earnings forecasts as having three components—antecedents, characteristics, and consequences—that roughly correspond to the timeline associated with an earnings forecast. By evaluating management earnings forecast research within the context of this framework, we render three conclusions. First, forecast characteristics appear to be the least understood component of earnings forecasts—both in terms of theory and empirical research—even though it is the component over which managers have the most control. Second, much of the prior research focuses on how one forecast antecedent or characteristic influences forecast consequences and does not study potential interactions among the three components. Third, much of the prior research ignores the iterative nature of management earnings forecasts—that is, forecast consequences of the current period influence antecedents and chosen character.
Galaxy Clustering around Nearby Luminous Quasars

We examine the clustering of galaxies around a sample of 20 luminous low redshift (z 100 kpc). Our results reinforce the idea that low redshift quasars are located preferentially in groups of 10-20 galaxies rather than in rich clusters. We see no significant difference in the clustering amplitudes derived from radio-loud and radio-quiet subsamples.
A Case for Renewed Activity in the Giant Radio Galaxy J0116–473

We present Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) radio observations of the giant radio galaxy J0116-473 at 12 and 22 cm wavelengths in total intensity and polarization. The images clearly reveal a bright inner-double structure within more extended edge-brightened lobe emission. The lack of hot spots at the ends of the outer lobes, the strong core, and the inner-double structure with its edge-brightened morphology lead us to suggest that this giant radio galaxy is undergoing renewed nuclear activity: J0116-473 appears to be a striking example of a radio galaxy in which a young double source is evolving within older lobe material. We also report the detection of a megaparsec-long linear feature that is oriented perpendicular to the radio axis and has a high fractional polarization.
Multiple Modes of Synaptic Excitation of Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells

Inhibition generated by granule cells, the most common GABAergic cell type in the olfactory bulb, plays a critical role in shaping the output of the olfactory bulb. However, relatively little is known about the synaptic mechanisms responsible for activating these interneurons in addition to the specialized dendrodendritic synapses located on distal dendrites. Using two-photon guided minimal stimulation in acute rat brain slices, we found that distal and proximal excitatory synapses onto granule cells are functionally distinct. Proximal synapses arise from piriform cortical neurons and facilitate with paired-pulse stimulation, whereas distal dendrodendritic synapses generate EPSCs with slower kinetics that depress with paired stimulation. Proximal cortical feedback inputs can relieve the tonic Mg block of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at distal synapses and gate dendrodendritic inhibition onto mitral cells. Most excitatory synapses we examined onto granule cells activated both NMDARs and AMPA receptors, whereas a subpopulation appeared to be NMDAR silent. The convergence of two types of excitatory inputs onto GABAergic granule cells provides a novel mechanism for regulating the degree of interglomerular processing of sensory input in the olfactory bulb through piriform cortex/olfactory bulb synaptic interactions.
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There is a strong drive toward handheld communication devices with building blocks that are fully integrated in standard CMOS technologies. Although there are obvious cost, size, and repeatability advantages, it is particularly challenging to implement fully integrated power amplifiers with no external matching in standard CMOS under the large supply variations and harsh load mismatches present in handheld devices.
Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics at Yale University Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No . 1823 OPTIMALLY EMPTY PROMISES AND ENDOGENOUS SUPERVISION

We study optimal contracting in a team setting with peer monitoring andmoral hazard. This environment reflects stylized characteristics of production environments with complex tasks: agents have many opportunities to shirk, task-level monitoring is needed to provide useful incentives, and it is difficult to write performance-based clauses into explicit contracts. Incentives are provided informally, using wasteful punishments like guilt and shame, or slowed promotion. These features give rise to optimal contracts with “empty promises” and endogenous supervision structures. Agents make promises that they don’t necessarily intend to keep, leading to the optimal concentration of supervisory responsibility in the hands of one or two agents.
Elevated C-reactive protein is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese Americans.

OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence from a cohort of Caucasians recently suggests that an elevated level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, Japanese subjects are skewed to lower CRP concentrations than westerners. Therefore, the effect of CRP on the development of type 2 diabetes among Japanese is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined 396 male and 551 female nondiabetic Japanese Americans who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) and were then followed for an average of 6.5 years. We investigated whether elevated serum CRP level is a risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes among these subjects. RESULTS Subjects with a high CRP level showed a significantly higher incidence of type 2 diabetes compared with subjects with a low level among both men (P = 0.028) and women (P = 0.004) in a log-rank test. In a Cox proportional hazards model dividing quartiles of CRP, the hazard ratios for diabetes development in the highest versus lowest quartile of CRP levels were 2.84 (95% CI 1.09-7.39) among men and 3.11 (1.25-7.75) among women after adjustment for age, smoking, family history of diabetes, classification of a 75-g GTT, hormone replacement therapy (among women), BMI, and homeostasis model assessment. CONCLUSIONS Among Japanese Americans, CRP may be a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes independent of either obesity or insulin resistance. Our results suggest that inflammation may be closely related to the mechanism of type 2 diabetes among Japanese Americans.
Quasinormable Spaces and the Problem of Topologies of Grothendieck

This article is dedicated to the study of quasinormable injective tensor products of locally convex spaces and quasinormable spaces of continuous linear operators. The stability of the quasinormability is obtained in the frame of the class of spaces which are quasinormable by operators; this class, introduced and studied here, contains many function spaces. The problems considered in the article are closely related to the problem of topologies of Grothendieck. A characterization of the quasinormable spaces which are (FBa)-spaces in the sense of Taskinen is obtained and new examples and counterexamples are given. In particular we show that the quasinormable space l p+ is a concrete example of a non-(FBa)-space. Grothendieck (see 30, 31]) studied locally convex properties of function spaces, such as spaces of sequences, of diierentiable functions, analytic functions, distributions, etc. There are a lot of examples of spaces of vector-valued functions which can be represented as tensor products or as spaces of continuous and linear mappings and it is convenient to know their topological structure. The aim of this article is to study the stability of the property of being quasi-normable under the formation of injective tensor products or of spaces of continuous and linear mappings. The class of quasinormable locally convex spaces was introduced and studied by Grothendieck as a class containing most of the usual function spaces. Banach spaces and Schwartz spaces are examples of quasi-normable spaces. The typical examples of quasinormable spaces which are neither normable nor Montel are the following: the space C(X) endowed with the compact open topology for every completely regular Hausdorr space X , the spaces C k (() (k 2 N, an open subset of R N), every non-trivial quojection, every non-trivial (gDF)-space which is not Montel, the spaces B 0 (R N) and B(R N) of Schwartz and the local spaces B loc p;k (() of HH ormander. More precisely we investigate the following questions:
A Framework for Evaluating Video Transmission over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

We propose a framework that facilitates the transmission of video over multi-hop wireless networks by using various routing techniques for route establishment. We denote this framework by ad hoc EvalVid. This framework allows the performance of different routing techniques to be studied under different network conditions. The results of our study show that 1) dynamic manet on demand (DYMO) routing protocol can still deliver good quality of video streams under extreme network conditions, 2) ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol is best suited for large-sized networks with light loads and 3) optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR) is likely not suitable for real-time video transmission.
Treasury Liquidity and Funding Liquidity : Evidence from Mutual Fund Returns

This paper links the liquidity of US Treasuries and funding liquidity. A positive shock to Treasury illiquidity predicts a decrease in funding liquidity as measured by the TreasuryEurodollar spread or the VIX. The pricing implications of funding liquidity are tested on the portfolio levels of open-ended mutual funds. After controlling for stock liquidity mutual funds in the high bond liquidity beta decile outperform funds in the low bond liquidity beta decile by 5.5% per annum. This premium is observed across active equity and corporate bond funds and varies based on the fund’s style. Funds sorted into the highest quintile lagged alpha and highest quintile lagged bond liquidity beta produce a significant premium of 3.1% per year for both active equity and corporate bond funds. Across funds, bond liquidity beta is positively related to the fund’s age and manager’s tenure, and negatively related to the fund’s turnover. I am grateful to Yakov Amihud for helpful suggestions and discussions. * Ruslan Goyenko, McGill University, 1001 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G5. E-mail: ruslan.goyenko@mcgill.ca.
E ¢ cient Design with Interdependent Valuations

We study e¢cient, Bayes-Nash incentive compatible mechanisms in a social choice setting that allows for informational and allocative externalities. We show that such mechanisms exist only if a congruence condition relating private and social rates of information substitution is satis.ed. If signals are multi-dimensional, the congruence condition is determined by an integrability constraint, and it can hold only in non-generic cases where values are private or a certain symmetry assumption holds. If signals are one-dimensional, the congruence condition reduces to a monotonicity constraint and it can be generically satis.ed. We apply the results to the study of multi-object auctions, and we discuss why such auctions cannot be reduced to one-dimensional models without loss of generality.
Structure and evolution of low‐mass W UMa‐type systems

The structure and evolution of low-mass W UMa type contact binaries are discussed by employing Eggleton’s stellar evolution code (Eggleton 1971, 1972, 1973). Assuming that these systems completely satisfy Roche geometry, for contact binaries with every kind of mass ratios (0.02�1.0), we calculate the relative radii (R1,2/A, where R1,2 are the radii of both stars, and A the orbital separation) of both components of contact binaries in different contact depth between inner and outer Roche lobes. We obtain a radius grid of contact binaries, and can ensure the surfaces of two components lying on an equipotential surface by interpolation using this radius grid when we follow the evolution of the contact binaries. Serious uncertainties concern mainly the transfer of energy in these systems, i.e., it is unclear that how and where the energy is transferred. We assume that the energy transfer takes place in the different regions of the common envelope to investigate the effects of the region of energy transfer on the structure and evolution of contact binaries. We find that the region of energy transfer has significant influence on the structure and evolution of contact binaries, and conclude that the energy transfer may occur in the outermost layers of the common convective envelope for W-type systems, and this transfer takes place in the deeper layers of the common envelope for A-type systems. Meanwhile, if we assume that the energy transfer takes place in the outermost layers for our model with low total mass, and find that our model steadily evolves towards a system with a smaller mass ratio and a deeper envelope, suggesting that some A-type W UMa systems with low total mass could be considered as the later evolutionary stages of W-subtype systems, and that the surface temperature of the secondary excesses that of the primary during the time when the primary expands rapidly, or the secondary contracts rapidly, suggesting that W-subtype systems may be caused by expansion of the primary, or by the contraction of the secondary.