Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organisational Justice, Individual Differences and Counterproductive Work Behaviour: A Longitudinal Study in New Zealand and Thailand

Although extensive research has investigated the effects of perceptions of organisational justice and personality traits on counterproductive work behaviour (CWB), few studies have examined the overall process in which justice perceptions mediate the relationships of outcome satisfaction, opportunity to voice, leader-member exchange (LMX) and communication quality with CWB, and the moderating effects of individual differences (agreeableness, conscientiousness, self-control, collectivism and power distance). Additionally, cultural differences may alter individuals’ justice perceptions and their responses to those perceptions. The primary purpose of this research was to examine whether the justice antecedent-justice-CWB model and the moderating influence of the above individual differences would be generalizable to New Zealand and Thailand. A two-wave longitudinal design was employed for main effect, mediation and moderation analyses in this research. Respondents representing a wide variety of organisations in New Zealand (N = 624 at Time 1, N = 276 at Time 2) and Thailand (N = 480 at Time 1, N = 242 at Time 2) completed selfreport questionnaires, with two data collection points separated by a six-month time interval. Mediation analyses showed that the justice antecedent-justice-CWB model was applicable to both samples, indicating that the four forms of perceived justice (distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justice) functioned as mediators. In addition, justice antecedents (outcome satisfaction, opportunity to
A wirelessly powered and controlled device for optical neural control of freely-behaving animals

Optogenetics, the ability to use light to activate and silence specific neuron types within neural networks in vivo and in vitro, is revolutionizing neuroscientists' capacity to understand how defined neural circuit elements contribute to normal and pathological brain functions. Typically, awake behaving experiments are conducted by inserting an optical fiber into the brain, tethered to a remote laser, or by utilizing an implanted light-emitting diode (LED), tethered to a remote power source. A fully wireless system would enable chronic or longitudinal experiments where long duration tethering is impractical, and would also support high-throughput experimentation. However, the high power requirements of light sources (LEDs, lasers), especially in the context of the extended illumination periods often desired in experiments, precludes battery-powered approaches from being widely applicable. We have developed a headborne device weighing 2 g capable of wirelessly receiving power using a resonant RF power link and storing the energy in an adaptive supercapacitor circuit, which can algorithmically control one or more headborne LEDs via a microcontroller. The device can deliver approximately 2 W of power to the LEDs in steady state, and 4.3 W in bursts. We also present an optional radio transceiver module (1 g) which, when added to the base headborne device, enables real-time updating of light delivery protocols; dozens of devices can be controlled simultaneously from one computer. We demonstrate use of the technology to wirelessly drive cortical control of movement in mice. These devices may serve as prototypes for clinical ultra-precise neural prosthetics that use light as the modality of biological control.
Kernel regression estimates of time delays between gravitationally lensed fluxes

Strongly lensed variable quasars can serve as precise cosmological probes, provided that time delays between the image fluxes can be accurately measured. A number of methods have been proposed to address this problem. In this paper, we explore in detail a new approach based on kernel regression estimates, which is able to estimate a single time delay given several datasets for the same quasar. We develop realistic artificial data sets in order to carry out controlled experiments to test of performance of this new approach. We also test our method on real data from strongly lensed quasar Q0957+561 and compare our estimates against existing results.
The embryonic origins of hematopoietic stem cells: a tale of hemangioblast and hemogenic endothelium

The developmental origin of hematopoietic stem cells has been for decades the subject of great interest. Once thought to emerge from the yolk sac, hematopoietic stem cells have now been shown to originate from the embryonic aorta. Increasing evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem cells are produced from an endothelial intermediate designated by the authors as hemangioblast or hemogenic endothelium. Recently, the allantois in the avian embryo and the placenta in the mouse embryo were shown to be a site of hematopoietic cell production/expansion and thus appear to play a critical role in the formation of the hematopoietic system. In this review we shall give an overview of the data obtained from human, mouse and avian models on the cellular origins of the hematopoietic system and discuss some aspects of the molecular mechanisms controlling hematopoietic cell production.
The effect of virtual channel organization on the performance of interconnection networks

Most of previous studies have assessed the performance issues for regular buffer and virtual channel organizations and have not considered overall buffer size constraint. In this paper, the performance of mesh-based interconnection networks (mesh, torus and hypercube networks) under different traffic patterns (uniform, hotspot, and matrix-transpose) is studied. We investigate the effect of the number of virtual channels and their buffer lengths, on the performance of these topologies when the total buffer size associated to each physical channel (and thus router buffer size) is fixed. The results show that the optimal number of virtual channels and buffer length highly depends on the traffic pattern assumed.
Pharmacologic treatment of first-episode schizophrenia: a review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE To review the evidence base for the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic medication for the treatment of the first episode of schizophrenia. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE databases were searched for published articles in English over the last 25 years, from January 1986 to January 2011, on choice of antipsychotic treatment for the first episode of schizophrenia, with an emphasis on efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic drugs in the acute phase of psychotic illness. STUDY SELECTION The keywords antipsychotic drugs and schizophrenia were used in combination with drug treatment, pharmacologic treatment, efficacy, and tolerability in addition to atypical antipsychotics, first-generation antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotics, first-episode psychosis, and acute psychotic episode. DATA SYNTHESIS At present, there is no convincing evidence to guide clinicians in choosing a single first-line antipsychotic that is effective in treating the positive and negative symptoms of the first episode of schizophrenia. Even though second-generation antipsychotic drugs offer potential benefits in terms of less extrapyramidal side effects and some benefits in treating negative, affective, and cognitive symptoms, these drugs are not without their own side effects. CONCLUSIONS With the introduction of a number of second-generation antipsychotic drugs there have been significant advances in antipsychotic drug treatment over the last decade. Despite these advances, there are still a number of limitations in continued use of some antipsychotic medications due to their efficacy and tolerability issues in the acute and early maintenance phases of psychosis. Active research in this area would provide more promising results of improved efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic medication.
Estrogen synthesis by osteoblast cell lines.

Estrogens play a central role in modulating bone turnover and in the postmenopausal female are formed almost exclusively by peripheral conversion of sex steroid precursors derived from the adrenals. In this study we have demonstrated that three human osteoblastic cell lines [HOS, U20S (HTB96) and MG63] possess the enzymes necessary for estrogen synthesis and metabolism. Aromatase, estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (reductive and oxidative) and estrone sulfatase activities were measured in whole cell monolayers over a 20 h period by isotopic assay techniques. Significant aromatase activity was detected in all three cell lines ranging from 1.8 +/- 0.2 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells (mean +/- S.D., n = 3) for MG63 cells to 51 +/- 1.5 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for HOS cells. The specific aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (1 mumol/L) completely inhibited aromatase activity in these cells. Two of the cell lines, HOS and MG63, had significant estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity with oxidative (32.7 +/- 1.9 and 1068.4 +/- 40.2 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells respectively) predominant over reductive activity (1.6 +/- 0.4 and 38.7 +/- 1.8 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells). All three cell lines were able to hydrolyse estrone sulfate to estrone with activities ranging from 13.3 +/- 1.5 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for U20S cells to 482.2 +/- 3.7 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for MG63 cells. Since estrogen has been implicated as a critical factor in the modulation of bone resorption and formation, the regulation of skeletal estrogen production, particularly at the time of the menopause, is likely to be an important mechanism by which bone volume is determined in physiological and pathological states.
Why do leafcutter bees cut leaves? New insights into the early evolution of bees

Stark contrasts in clade species diversity are reported across the tree of life and are especially conspicuous when observed in closely related lineages. The explanation for such disparity has often been attributed to the evolution of key innovations that facilitate colonization of new ecological niches. The factors underlying diversification in bees remain poorly explored. Bees are thought to have originated from apoid wasps during the Mid-Cretaceous, a period that coincides with the appearance of angiosperm eudicot pollen grains in the fossil record. The reliance of bees on angiosperm pollen and their fundamental role as angiosperm pollinators have contributed to the idea that both groups may have undergone simultaneous radiations. We demonstrate that one key innovation—the inclusion of foreign material in nest construction—underlies both a massive range expansion and a significant increase in the rate of diversification within the second largest bee family, Megachilidae. Basal clades within the family are restricted to deserts and exhibit plesiomorphic features rarely observed among modern bees, but prevalent among apoid wasps. Our results suggest that early bees inherited a suite of behavioural traits that acted as powerful evolutionary constraints. While the transition to pollen as a larval food source opened an enormous ecological niche for the early bees, the exploitation of this niche and the subsequent diversification of bees only became possible after bees had evolved adaptations to overcome these constraints.
Increase in interleukin-1 beta in late-life depression

OBJECTIVE: Depression has been associated with increases in circulating cytokines in younger adults, and there is evidence for prefrontal inflammation in late-life depression. The authors tested the hypothesis that levels of cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) would be higher in subjects with late-life major depression. METHOD: Serum levels of IL-1β were measured in three groups of subjects who were older than 60: 19 subjects with major depression, 20 subjects with subsyndromal depression, and 21 healthy comparison subjects. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale were used to assess severity of depression. RESULTS: Compared with healthy subjects, those with major depression had significantly higher levels of IL-1β (170%); the higher levels of IL-1β strongly correlated with current depression severity. There were no significant differences between subjects with subsyndromal depression and the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the existence of an inf.
The Contributions of Emotional Engagement with Trauma Material to Outcome in Two Versions of Emotion Focused Trauma Therapy (EFTT)

The present study replicated and extended previous research on Emotion Focused Therapy for Trauma (EFTT; Paivio, Hall, Holowaty, Jellis, & Tran, 2001) employing the imaginal confrontation (IC) reexperiencing procedure. The present study had two objectives. The first was to examine the contributions of emotional engagement with trauma material to outcome in two versions of EFTT, each employing a different reexperiencing procedure. These procedures are the IC and empathic exploration (EE) of trauma memories with the therapist. The second objective was to investigate the relative predictive validity of different measurement perspectives of emotional engagement to outcome in the two versions of EFTT. In addition, because both alliance quality and frequency of participation in reexperiencing procedures have been associated with outcome (Paivio et al., 2001) these process variables also were examined. Clients were randomly assigned to therapy condition: 21 clients completed EFTT with IC and 26 clients completed EFTT with EE. Alliance quality was measured with client self-reports on the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI; Horvath & Greenberg, 1989). Emotional engagement was measured through observer-ratings of videotaped sessions employing the IC and EE procedure using the Levels of Engagement Scale (LES; Paivio et al., 2001) and client self-reports using the Post Session Questionnaire (PSQ; Paivio, Jarry, Chagigiorgis, Hall, & Ralston, in press). Emotional distress was measured with client self-reported subjective units of distress (SUDS) during IC and EE work. Treatment outcome was measured through 7 self-report questionnaires. In terms of similarities between IC and EE, clients reported moderate levels of engagement, from both observer-rated (LES) and self-reported (PSQ) measurement
Convolutional neural network for motorbike detection in dense traffic

Motorbike detection is not a novel problem. However, as it is not a common vehicle in most countries in the world, there is barely enough research on vision-based methods for motorbike detection, even more so for motorbike detection in dense clusters. In this work, we proposed a detection method that is able to overcome fair occlusions in traffic images. The method is centered around a robust model: the convolutional neural network (CNN) with multiple layers. The CNN model has been proven to achieve state-of-the-art results in multiple vision tasks. Although having a straightforward mechanic, the CNN we constructed is able to achieve positive and stable results throughout a difficult test dataset for motorbike detection.
Energy Balance After Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 ( SGLT 2 ) Inhibition

Eighty-six patients with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c = 7.86 0.8% [62 6 9 mmol/mol], estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] = 89 6 19 mL · min · 1.73 m) received empagliflozin (25 mg/day) for 90 weeks with frequent (n = 11) assessments of body weight, eGFR, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Time-dependent glucose filtration was calculated as the product of eGFR and FPG; time-dependent glycosuria was estimated from previous direct measurements. The relation of calorie-to-weight changes was estimated using a mathematical model of human energy metabolism that simulates the time course of weight change for a given change in calorie balance and calculates the corresponding energy intake changes.
Substance Abuse Counselors' Implementation of Tobacco Cessation Guidelines

Abstract This study assessed the extent of implementation of the Public Health Service tobacco cessation guidelines among a national sample of counselors working in five different types of substance abuse treatment programs. Further, we identified implementation patterns among counselors using cluster analysis and considered differences in counselor characteristics based on their cluster membership. Data were obtained from the 2008 Managing Effective Relationships in Treatment Services (MERITS I) project. Counselors (N = 615) working in Clinical Trials Network (CTN) affiliated community treatment programs completed paper-and-pencil surveys. Implementation of the guidelines was inconsistent and selective. Counselors could be grouped into low versus high implementers. Some counselor characteristics differed based on their implementation cluster membership.
Trends in the prevalence and treatment of hypertension in Halifax County from 1985 to 1995.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to document changes in the prevalence and treatment of hypertension in Halifax County from 1985 to 1995 in an effort to observe, at the population level, the consequences of the availability of new antihypertensive medications. METHODS The study population comprised a random sample of Halifax County residents, aged 25-64 years, who responded to the 1985 and 1995 surveys of the Halifax County MONICA Project and residents who responded to the Nova Scotia Health Survey conducted in 1995. Data from the two 1995 surveys were pooled. Information on hypertension awareness and use of medication were obtained through questionnaires, and blood pressure was measured according to a standard protocol, using phase I and V of Korotkoff sounds as respective markers for systolic and diastolic pressures. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater and a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater. Changes in the prevalence of hypertension, prescribing trends and medication costs were examined, and the association between the type of antihypertensive treatment and characteristics of the respondents with self-reported hypertension was investigated by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 917 people interviewed in 1985 and the 1338 in 1995, 274 (29.9%) and 356 (26.6%), respectively, reported a history of hypertension. When age was controlled for, the proportion of respondents reporting hypertension did not differ between survey years or between men and women. The proportion of treated respondents who had uncontrolled hypertension increased between 1985 and 1995, from 32.6% to 57.4% among men and from 38.0% to 42.6% among women. An increase was seen in the use of calcium-channel blockers (from 2.1% to 19.7%) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (from 5.2% to 25.4%); the proportion of patients receiving combination therapy or diuretics decreased (from 39.6% to 15.6% and from 31.3% to 17.2% respectively). These changes were associated with an increase in the average daily cost of medication from $0.48 to $0.85 per patient. INTERPRETATION The shift to new antihypertensive drugs was not associated with improved blood pressure control, but it was associated with an increase in average medication costs per patient. Uncontrolled hypertension remains a public health problem.
Downregulatory cytokines in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid from infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity

Chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) is associated with an inflammatory response in the preterm lung and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid (TAF). We investigated TAF levels of transforming growth factor‐ß1(TGF‐ß1), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) cytokines possibly important in downregulating the proinflammatory response and/or inducing lung fibrosis in infants with developing and established CLD. Infants with CLD (n = 24) were compared with preterm infants with RDS that resolved (n = 22) and postoperative infants without lung disease (n= 23). TAF levels of TGF‐ß1, IL‐10, IL‐4 and IL‐12 were studied by quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Levels of TGF‐ß1 were significantly higher during the first week of life in infants who developed CLD, remained high at 2 wk and past 4 wk of age. TAF levels of TGF‐ß1 did not decrease significantly in six infants with CLD after treatment with steroids. TAF IL‐10 was detected in 12/46 (26%) preterm infants. Infants with CLD or RDS were more likely to have measurable TAF levels of IL‐10, compared with the postoperative infants without lung disease (p < 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). TAF levels of IL‐4 or IL‐12 were below the detection limits in all samples.
A Fully Parallel Reverse Converter

The residue number system (RNS) is popular in high performance computation applications because of its carry-free nature. The challenges of RNS systems design lie in the moduli set selection and in the reverse conversion from residue representation to weighted representation. In this paper, we proposed a fully parallel reverse conversion algorithm for the moduli set {r – 2, r – 1, r}, based on simple mathematical relationships. Also an efficient hardware realization of this algorithm is presented. Our proposed converter is very faster and results to hardware savings, compared to the other reverse converters. Keywords—Reverse converter, residue to weighted converter, residue number system, multiple-valued logic, computer arithmetic.
Brief introduction to unprovability

The article starts with a brief survey of Unprovability Theory as of autumn 2006. Then, as an illustration of the subject’s model-theoretic methods, we re-prove exact versions of unprovability results for the Paris-Harrington Principle and the KanamoriMcAloon Principle using indiscernibles. In addition, we obtain a short accessible proof of unprovability of the Paris-Harrington Principle. The proof employs old ideas but uses only one colouring and directly extracts the set of indiscernibles from its homogeneous set. We also present modified, abridged statements whose unprovability proofs are especially simple. These proofs were tailored for teaching purposes. The article is intended to be accessible to the widest possible audience of mathematicians, philosophers and computer scientists as a brief survey of the subject, a guide through the literature in the field, an introduction to its model-theoretic techniques and, finally, a model-theoretic proof of a modern theorem in the subject. However, some understanding of logic is assumed on the part of the readers. The intended audience of this paper consists of logicians, logic-aware mathematicians and thinkers of other backgrounds who are interested in unprovable mathematical statements. The paper starts with a brief survey, listing many important achievements and directions of the subject. Most of the results speak for themselves and we omit a discussion of how they are interrelated as well as the story of the subject’s big questions, goals, exciting conjectures and dreams which is presumed to be partly known to the readers. The survey is biased towards the Paris-Harrington Principle and its exact versions (understanding this topic is an excellent first step for anyone who decides to study unprovability). In the second part of the paper the reader will find full and very accessible unprovability proofs developed for teaching purposes: the optimal unprovability proof of the Paris-Harrington Principle, two abridged statements whose unprovability proofs are simplest possible and, finally, a model-theoretic proof of some threshold results (exact unprovability results).