Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Nonlinear Dynamical Perspective on Climate Prediction

Abstract A nonlinear dynamical perspective on climate prediction is outlined, based on a treatment of climate as the attractor of a nonlinear dynamical system D with distinct quasi-stationary regimes. The main application is toward anthropogenic climate change, considered as the response of D to a small-amplitude imposed forcing f. The primary features of this perspective can be summarized as follows. First, the response to f will be manifest primarily in terms of changes to the residence frequency associated with the quasi-stationary regimes. Second, the geographical structures of these regimes will be relatively insensitive to f. Third, the large-scale signal will be most strongly influenced by f in rather localized regions of space and time. In this perspective, the signal arising from f will be strongly dependent of D’s natural variability. A theoretical framework for the perspective is developed based on a singular vector decomposition of D’s tangent propagator. Evidence for the dyamical perspective .
The Evolution and Future of Diversity at Work

This article examines the evolution of diversity in the Journal of Applied Psychology. To begin, we explore foundations of the concept of diversity, including its appearance in both applied contexts and the scholarly literature. We then review the literature on diversity, including the development of its conceptualization and operationalizations over time, in the Journal and in the field of applied psychological science at large. We also examine the processes underlying the effects of diversity, and specific outcomes of diversity in organizations. To conclude, we offer a future research agenda that highlights diversity-related topics and issues important for advancing an understanding of diversity and moving the field forward, especially within the Journal. This work makes several contributions to research on diversity in organizations. First, we provide a lens for examining change in the study of diversity over time as well as a critical examination of the benefits and challenges associated with these changes. Second, we review the underlying mechanisms and key contextual influences on diversity effects in organizations. Third, our review examines the explanatory power of current diversity research and then uses this to develop a research agenda. By organizing the broad body of literature that exists on diversity, our article offers a sharp picture of what gaps in knowledge exist and where future research should focus.
Multisensory Integration of Sounds and Vibrotactile Stimuli in Processing Streams for “What” and “Where”

The segregation between cortical pathways for the identification and localization of objects is thought of as a general organizational principle in the brain. Yet, little is known about the unimodal versus multimodal nature of these processing streams. The main purpose of the present study was to test whether the auditory and tactile dual pathways converged into specialized multisensory brain areas. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare directly in the same subjects the brain activation related to localization and identification of comparable auditory and vibrotactile stimuli. Results indicate that the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and both left and right insula were more activated during identification conditions than during localization in both touch and audition. The reverse dissociation was found for the left and right inferior parietal lobules (IPL), the left superior parietal lobule (SPL) and the right precuneus-SPL, which were all more activated during localization conditions in the two modalities. We propose that specialized areas in the right IFG and the left and right insula are multisensory operators for the processing of stimulus identity whereas parts of the left and right IPL and SPL are specialized for the processing of spatial attributes independently of sensory modality.
Relationship among Photopic Negative Response, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, and Visual Field between Normal and POAG Eyes

Purpose. To determine the relationship among photopic negative response (PhNR) of the electroretinogram (ERG), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and the visual field in normal and glaucomatous patients. Methods. Thirty-eight normal volunteers and one hundred twenty-four patients with Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were enrolled in the study. The PhNRs were elicited by white stimuli on a white background and red stimuli on a blue background. The visual field parameters were measured using the standard automated perimetry (SAP). The spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness around the optic disc. Results. The PhNR amplitude (W/W, B/R), MD, and mean RNFL thickness in POAG eyes were significantly lower than normal eyes (P = 0.001). The R value in Normal + Glaucomatous group was higher than that of the only glaucomatous group. The R values of PhNR amplitude (B/R) with MD and RNFL were higher than those of PhNR amplitude (W/W). Significant linear association was found in the relationship between RNFL thickness and PhNR amplitude (B/R) (R 2 = 0.5, P = 0.001). However, significant curve associations were found in the relationship between MD and PhNR amplitude (B/R) and RNFL thickness (R 2 = 0.525, 0.442, P = 0.001). Conclusions. The ganglion cell activity can be more efficiently evaluated with the PhNR elicited with a red than with a broadband stimulus. The linear relationship between the PhNR amplitude and RNFL thickness indicates that inner retinal function declines proportionately with neural loss in glaucomatous eyes. The PhNR and RNFLT are more objective tools to detect glaucomatous damage than visual field.
Special Challenges in Career Management: Counselor Perspectives

Contents: Preface. Contributors. Part I: Psychological Perspectives For Career Management Professionals. A.J. Pickman, Reflections on Being an Outplacement Counselor. B.Z. Locker, Job Loss and Organizational Change: Psychological Perspectives. L.A. Chamberlain, Counseling the Person: Psychological Aspects of Career Counseling. S. Bowers, Identity Formation in Outplacement and Career Management Counselors. Part II: Counseling Special Populations. M.J. Carsman, Helping the Reluctant Networker. D. White, Career Development Counseling With Technologists and Scientists. A. Lands, Counseling Older Adults. M.A. Lee, Counseling Minority Clients. S.S. Spanier, Counseling Helpless Clients. G. Allison, Counseling Lawyers. J.J. Gallagher, Professional Standards in Outplacement Counseling. Part III: Innovative Approaches in Outplacement and Career Management. P. Prichard, Special Challenges in Leading Groups. R.J. Lee, Personal Business Ventures: A Proposal. J. Strewler, New Models for Career Centers. M.J. Carsman, Confronting Change and the New Technologies: A Guide for the Practitioner. K. Strickland, Executive Coaching: Helping Valued Executives Fulfill Their Potential. G.E. Hayes, Executive Coaching: A Strategy for Management and Organizational Development. C.W. Cates, Career Management: It's Not Just for the Outplaced. M. Axmith, The Evolving Workplace: Its Implications for Outplacement Practice.
Investment Risk Behavior in Different Domains: Entrepreneurs vs. Public Employees

The definition and measurement of risk propensity has long been a topic of debate among researchers, reflecting the perceived theoretical and practical importance of the construct.Recent work by Weber and collaborators suggests that such apparent domain differences in risk taking might have more to do with situational, domain-related differences in the perception of risk than with attitudes toward risk (Weber and Milliman, 1997; Weber, 2001). The bunjeejumpers may well dislike risk in both his recreational and social decisions (i.e., be consistently risk-averse across both domains) but perceive the risk of fall from a bridge to be very low (perhaps because it feels controllable) and the risk in social situations to be high.This study analyzes differences in risk behavior and risk propensity between different domains like entrepreneurs and people employed in public administration. We used a translated and validated version of the original Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale developed by Weber, Blais, and Betz in Italian language. This scale is for use in measuring, for several risky activities/behaviors, an individual’s behavioral likelihood, risk perception, and perception of expected benefit. The scale contains 40 items, evenly distributed across five general domains: financial decisions, health/safety, recreational, ethical, and social decisions. We investigated if entrepreneurs are more risk-taking in financial domain than people employed in public administration.
At-Risk Populations for Osteosarcoma: The Syndromes and Beyond

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. Most cases are sporadic without a known genetic or environmental cause. Heritable genetic predisposition syndromes are associated with a small percentage of osteosarcomas. Study of these rare disorders has provided insight into the molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Screening of at-risk families and surveillance of affected individuals for these syndromes may permit earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment of osteosarcoma in these populations. This paper reviews the genetic and clinical features of the known osteosarcoma predisposition syndromes.
A 13 kDa carboxy‐terminal fragment of ApoE stabilizes Abeta hexamers

The pathological role of ApoE4 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully elucidated yet but there is strong evidence that ApoE is involved in Abeta deposition, which is an early hallmark of AD neuropathology. Overexpression of ApoE in neuroblastoma cells (Neuro2a) leads to the generation of an intracellular 13 kDa carboxy‐terminal fragment of ApoE comparable to fragments seen in brains of AD patients. ApoE4 generates more of this fragment than ApoE2 and E3 suggesting a potential pathological role of these fragments in Alzheimer's disease. Analysis of this intracellular ApoE4 fragment by protease digest followed by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry showed the proteolytic cleavage site close to residue 187 of ApoE. We have engineered and expressed the corresponding ApoE fragments in vitro. The recombinant 13 kDa carboxy‐terminal fragment inhibited fibril formation of Abeta; this contrasts with the full‐length ApoE and the corresponding amino‐terminal ApoE fragment. Moreover, we show that the 13 kDa carboxy‐terminal fragment of ApoE stabilizes the formation of Abeta hexamers. Complexes of Abeta with the 13 kDa carboxy‐terminal ApoE fragment show toxicity in PC12 cells comparable to Abeta fibrils. These data suggest that cleavage of ApoE, leading to the generation of this fragment, contributes to the pathogenic effect of ApoE4 in AD.
Ultraviolet-activated persulfate oxidation of methyl orange: a comparison between artificial neural networks and factorial design for process modelling

In this work, the degradation of the azo dye methyl orange in model aqueous solutions by UVC light-induced persulfate oxidation was studied. Five operating parameters that may influence the decolorization kinetics were evaluated, namely, methyl orange (MO) (5–50 mg L^−1) and sodium persulfate (SPS) (50–150 mg L^−1) concentration, reaction time (up to 60 min), (un-buffered) solution pH (3–9) and the addition of NaCl (0–500 mg L^−1). The process was simulated, applying and comparing two methodologies, namely two-level factorial design and an artificial neural network (ANN). It was found that MO concentration is the most influential parameter, followed by the reaction time and SPS concentration, while the effects of solution pH and the addition of sodium chloride are statistically less significant; this order of significance was predicted by both methodologies. The ANN can simulate the process more accurately ( i.e. in terms of R ^2, mean square error (MSE) and residuals) than factorial design, although it needs significantly larger sets of data and longer computational time.
Feature Reduction via Generalized Uncorrelated Linear Discriminant Analysis

High-dimensional data appear in many applications of data mining, machine learning, and bioinformatics. Feature reduction is commonly applied as a preprocessing step to overcome the curse of dimensionality. Uncorrelated linear discriminant analysis (ULDA) was recently proposed for feature reduction. The extracted features via ULDA were shown to be statistically Uncorrelated, which is desirable for many applications. In this paper, an algorithm called ULDA/QR is proposed to simplify the previous implementation of ULDA. Then, the ULDA/GSVD algorithm is proposed, based on a novel optimization criterion, to address the singularity problem which occurs in undersampled problems, where the data dimension is larger than the sample size. The criterion used is the regularized version of the one in ULDA/QR. Surprisingly, our theoretical result shows that the solution to ULDA/GSVD is independent of the value of the regularization parameter. Experimental results on various types of data sets are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and to compare it with other commonly used feature reduction algorithms
The effect of treatment of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations on airways and systemic inflammation

Chronic infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) and airway inflammation leads to progressive lung injury. Neutrophils are considered to be responsible for the onset and promotion of the inflammatory response within the CF lung. The relationship between infection and inflammation is complex but circulating inflammatory markers may not truly reflect the local inflammatory response in the lung. The aims of this study were to investigate the change of inflammatory biomarkers and cells within sputum and blood before and after intravenous antibiotics for a pulmonary exacerbation of CF.
SIGNATURE OF DECONFINEMENT WITH SPIN-DOWN COMPRESSION IN COOLING HYBRID STARS

The thermal evolution of neutron stars is coupled to their spin down and the resulting changes in structure and chemical composition. This coupling correlates stellar surface temperatures with rotational state as well as time. We report an extensive investigation of the coupling between spin down and cooling for hybrid stars which undergo a phase transition to deconfined quark matter at the high densities present in stars at low rotation frequencies. The thermal balance of neutron stars is re-analyzed to incorporate phase transitions and the related latent heat self-consistently, and numerical calculations are undertaken to simultaneously evolve the stellar structure and temperature distribution. We find that the changes in stellar structure and chemical composition with the introduction of a pure quark matter phase in the core delay the cooling and produce a period of increasing surface temperature for strongly superfluid stars of strong and intermediate magnetic field strength. The latent heat of deconfinement is found to reinforce this signature if quark matter is superfluid and it can dominate the thermal balance during the formation of a pure quark matter core. At other times, it is less important and does not significantly change the thermal evolution.
Insecticidal and Fungicidal Compounds from Isatis tinctoria

Tryptanthrin (1), indole-3-acetonitrile (2) and p-coumaric acid methylester (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Isatis tinctoria L. The compounds show insecticidal and antifeedant activity against termites (Reticulitermis santonensis), insect preventive and control activity against larvae of the house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus) and fungicidal activity against the brown-rot fungus (Coniophora puteana).
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2003 update on the role of bisphosphonates and bone health issues in women with breast cancer.

PURPOSE To update the 2000 ASCO guidelines on the role of bisphosphonates in women with breast cancer and address the subject of bone health in these women. RESULTS For patients with plain radiographic evidence of bone destruction, intravenous pamidronate 90 mg delivered over 2 hours or zoledronic acid 4 mg over 15 minutes every 3 to 4 weeks is recommended. There is insufficient evidence supporting the efficacy of one bisphosphonate over the other. Starting bisphosphonates in women who demonstrate bone destruction through imaging but who have normal plain radiographs is considered reasonable treatment. Starting bisphosphonates in women with only an abnormal bone scan but without evidence of bone destruction is not recommended. The presence or absence of bone pain should not be a factor in initiating bisphosphonates. In patients with a serum creatinine less than 3.0 mg/dL (265 mumol/L), no change in dosage, infusion time, or interval is required. Infusion times less than 2 hours with pamidronate or less than 15 minutes with zoledronic acid should be avoided. Creatinine should be monitored before each dose of either agent in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling. Oncology professionals, especially medical oncologists, need to take an expanded role in the routine and regular assessment of the osteoporosis risk in women with breast cancer. The panel recommends an algorithm for patient management to maintain bone health. CONCLUSION Bisphosphonates provide a supportive, albeit expensive and non-life-prolonging, benefit to many patients with bone metastases. Current research is focusing on bisphosphonates as adjuvant therapy. Although new data addressing when to stop therapy, alternative doses or schedules for administration, and how to best coordinate bisphosphonates with other palliative therapies are needed, they are not currently being investigated.
What's New in Shock, May 2016?

American novelist Katherine Dunn’s famous quote, ‘‘Prior to penicillin and medical research, death was an everyday occurrence. It was intimate,’’ envisions the advancement of medical research to meet the quality and expectancy of life. The journal Shock has been a pioneer in focusing cutting edge progresses in the fields of trauma, hemorrhage, and sepsis to meet 21st century’s public health demands. The current issue of Shock features an exclusive collection of clinical and basic science articles from a diverse group of investigators representing several renowned institutions of four continents of the world. The readers of this latest issue of Shock will also have the flavor of two interesting review articles demonstrating a highthroughput screening of current literature resources. Toward exploring what’s new in Shock, the scientific community may discover it to begin with a very informative review article created by Krezalek et al. (1) focusing the fine-tuning aspects of intestinal microbiome and their possible shift into pathogenic biome to govern the course and outcome of sepsis following surgery. This is a well-written review article addressing a real-time concern of early versus late mortality in sepsis. This time shift may be a result of prolonged exposure of the host to the virulent pathogens arisen from health-promoting gut flora. The article provides valuable information collected from resourceful literature archives and also presents easy illustrating cartoons, which unequivocally depicts the interaction between intestinal microbiome versus pathobiome and their effect on immune system linking to the different phases of sepsis. Thus, the article describing the novel aspects of unavoidable transition of the normal gut microbiome to pathobiome during the course of critical illness may shift the existing paradigm of disease pathogenesis and implicates an interesting field of future studies. Multiple organ failure (MOF) following shock is a lifethreatening clinical problem and its pathophysiology is still under investigation. Altshuler et al. (2) in their superb review article have provided information regarding this need by dissecting the broad subject matter of organ injury. Here, the authors present in a comprehensible way to unveil how the digestive enzymes that are synthesized in the pancreas and discharged into the small intestine as requirement for normal
The Impact II, a Very High-Resolution Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Instrument (QTOF) for Deep Shotgun Proteomics*

Hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry is one of the two major principles used in proteomics. Although based on simple fundamentals, it has over the last decades greatly evolved in terms of achievable resolution, mass accuracy, and dynamic range. The Bruker impact platform of QTOF instruments takes advantage of these developments and here we develop and evaluate the impact II for shotgun proteomics applications. Adaption of our heated liquid chromatography system achieved very narrow peptide elution peaks. The impact II is equipped with a new collision cell with both axial and radial ion ejection, more than doubling ion extraction at high tandem MS frequencies. The new reflectron and detector improve resolving power compared with the previous model up to 80%, i.e. to 40,000 at m/z 1222. We analyzed the ion current from the inlet capillary and found very high transmission (>80%) up to the collision cell. Simulation and measurement indicated 60% transfer into the flight tube. We adapted MaxQuant for QTOF data, improving absolute average mass deviations to better than 1.45 ppm. More than 4800 proteins can be identified in a single run of HeLa digest in a 90 min gradient. The workflow achieved high technical reproducibility (R2 > 0.99) and accurate fold change determination in spike-in experiments in complex mixtures. Using label-free quantification we rapidly quantified haploid against diploid yeast and characterized overall proteome differences in mouse cell lines originating from different tissues. Finally, after high pH reversed-phase fractionation we identified 9515 proteins in a triplicate measurement of HeLa peptide mixture and 11,257 proteins in single measurements of cerebellum—the highest proteome coverage reported with a QTOF instrument so far.
Individual differences in job‐related relocation readiness

Purpose – Previous research has demonstrated the positive impact of relocation mobility on career success. Based on conservation‐of‐resources theory and knowledge about resistance to change, this study aims to explore the role of personality dispositions and social orientations in explaining job‐related relocation readiness.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 380 German employees (study 1), unemployed individuals (study 2), and apprentices (study 3) were surveyed on their relocation readiness, personality dispositions (neuroticism, openness to experience, uncertainty tolerance), and social orientations (individualism, collectivism, social norms –i.e. the perceived social endorsement of relocation mobility) in three cross‐sectional studies and one longitudinal study (study 4). Findings – Findings show that high levels of neuroticism (study 1) and collectivism (studies 1‐3) made individuals less ready to relocate, whereas high levels of openness to experience (study 2), uncertainty tolerance (studies 1‐.