Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a specific role of the anterior hippocampal region in successful associative encoding

It has been well established that the hippocampal formation plays a critical role in the formation of memories. However, functional specialization within the hippocampus remains controversial. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a face‐name associative encoding task, followed by a postscan recognition test for face memory and face‐name pair memory, we investigated the roles of anterior and posterior hippocampal regions in successful encoding of associations and items. Whole‐brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses revealed that the anterior hippocampal formation showed increased activation for subsequently remembered face‐name associations compared with pairs that were forgotten. In contrast, the posterior hippocampal formation showed activation above baseline during attempted encoding of face‐name pairs, but no evidence of differential activation based on subsequent memory. Furthermore, exploratory whole‐brain analyses revealed that a parahippocampal region, most likely corresponding to perirhinal cortex, showed subsequent memory effects for faces. These data provide evidence for functional specialization within the hippocampal formation based on the associative nature of the stimuli and subsequent memory. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased cardiovascular disease risk in Swedish persons with paraplegia: The Stockholm spinal cord injury study.

OBJECTIVE Comparison of prevalence of cardiovascular disease risks in persons with chronic traumatic paraplegia with those in the general population. DESIGN Cross-sectional comparative study. SUBJECTS A total of 135 individuals, age range 18-79 years, with chronic (> or = 1 year) traumatic paraplegia. METHODS The prevalences of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, overweight, and smoking, were assessed in the study population and were compared with an age- and gender-matched sample of the general population in the region under study. History of myocardial infarction and medication for dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were also recorded. chi2 tests were used to compare the paraplegic cohort with the general population sample. RESULTS Significantly more persons with paraplegia reported a history of myocardial infarction (5.9%) than those in the comparison group (0.7%). The prevalences of diabetes mellitus (5.9%), dyslipidaemia (11.1%), and hypertension (14.1%) were also significantly higher in the paraplegic group, as were drug treatment for these disorders. CONCLUSION Persons with paraplegia report increased prevalences of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, in particular, compared with the general population. Population-based screening and therapeutic counter-measures for these conditions may therefore be particularly indicated for this patient group.
GENDER, GREEDY INSTITUTIONS, AND THE DEPARTMENTAL COURT

This article seeks to identify, map and understand the ways in which the everyday beliefs and practices of British central government departments embed social constructions of masculinity and femininity. It draws on observational fieldwork and repeat interviews conducted between 2002 and 2004 to analyse the everyday practices of departmental courts. We argue these courts have gendered practices and are ‘greedy institutions’. We unpack their practices of hierarchy, civility, rationality, gendered division of work, and long hours. We argue that these practices have significant gender consequence most notably women have few institutional options but to ‘manage like men’.
Participating in Research on Romantic Breakups Promotes Emotional Recovery via Changes in Self-Concept Clarity

Romantic breakups are a significant source of stress and associated with a range of poor outcomes. This report investigated whether participating in a measurement-intensive study of coping alters the course of breakup-related recovery. Recently separated young adults (N = 210) were assigned to complete either four visits involving multimethod assessments over 9 weeks (measurement-intensive condition, n = 120) or only intake and exit assessments during the same period (pre–post condition, n = 90). Participants in the measurement-intensive condition reported larger decreases in self-concept disturbance over time; no other main effects were observed based on condition. Improvement in self-concept clarity (for people in the measurement-intensive condition) explained decreases in breakup-related emotional intrusion, loneliness, and the use of first-person plural words when describing the separation. This study highlights the importance of self-concept reorganization following a breakup and suggests that research assessing coping can effect change without creating explicit expectations of doing so.
Aspects théoriques et algorithmiques de l'optimisation semidéfinie. (Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects in Semidefinite Programming)

This work deals with different subjects on nonlinear semidefinite programming (SDP). Thus, while in the first two chapters we show some algorithmic aspects, in chapters 3 and 4 we study theoretical aspects as the perturbation analysis of this problem. In the first chapter we develop a global algorithm that extends the local one S-SDP. This algorithm is based on a Han penalty function and a line search strategy. The second chapter is focused on penalty and barrier methods for solving convex semidefinite programming problems. We prove the convergence of primal and dual sequences obtained by this method. Moreover, we study the two parameters algorithm and extend to semidefinite case the results that are known in usual convex programming. In the second part, that involves chapters 3 and 4, we are interested on the characterization of the strong regularity property in function of second-order optimality conditions. So, in chapter 3, we mainly deal with second-order cone programming problems, whose are a particular instance of semidefinite programming problems. We thus obtain a characterization in this particular case. Finally in chapter 4, we give necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain the strong regularity property in the semidefinite case. However, its characterization is still an open problem.
Gender Differences in Implicit Processing of Sexual Stimuli

The present studies investigated whether men and women differ in cognitive–motivational processing of sexual stimuli in order to better understand the commonly observed gender differences in sexual outcome variables. Because these processes often operate without conscious control, we focused specifically on automatic stimulus processing. Using a series of implicit tasks, we measured inhibition, attentional orientation, appraisal and approach–avoidance motivation regarding sexually explicit stimuli in male and female students. Results showed that men were more strongly motivated to approach sexual stimuli than women and were better able to inhibit sexual information as to prevent activation of the sexual response. With regard to attentional orientation, men were more easily drawn by sexual cues than women, yet only when the cues were presented long enough to allow more elaborative processing. No gender differences were found in the implicit evaluation of sexual information, although men and women did differ at the level of self–reported sexual evaluations. Our results indicate the importance of incorporating information–processing mechanisms and emotion regulation strategies into the conceptualization of the sexual response and promote further research on the specificity, robustness, predictive validity and malleability of the cognitive–motivational processes underlying sexual arousal. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Parallel symbolic sensitivity analysis of large-scale linear analogue circuits

This paper presents a new effective method for symbolic sensitivity analysis of large scale analogue circuits. Based on the "sequence of expressions" (SOE) approach the sensitivities with respect to all parameters are calculated in parallel. Experimental results show that a significant acceleration compared to previously described symbolic procedures is achieved and that the method can be faster than the numerical adjoint approach.
The cultural understanding of inclusion and its development within a centralised system

This paper discusses inclusion in relation to centralised systems, in particular the constraints central control makes upon decisions at school level. The discussion is empowered by an evaluative case study research undertaken to understand the development of inclusion in contexts where flexible teaching and curriculum change are sometimes hard to find. In particular, based on a systems approach, this research describes and evaluates an attempt in a Greek primary school to implement inclusive practices, aiming to analyse the problems and prospects of inclusion in a highly centralised system, entirely controlled by the Ministry of Education. The inclusive practices developed in this school were based on a collaborative teacher model, offering new roles to mainstream teachers. The research data come from a diary, group interviews, classroom and meetings observations, and document analysis. The study reveals several obstacles to inclusion, besides the good practices which promote it. The main argument is that a centralised system favours the integration of students with disabilities more than their inclusion.
Improving the Thermostability and Activity of a Thermophilic Subtilase by Incorporating Structural Elements of Its Psychrophilic Counterpart

ABSTRACT The incorporation of the structural elements of thermostable enzymes into their less stable counterparts is generally used to improve enzyme thermostability. However, the process of engineering enzymes with both high thermostability and high activity remains an important challenge. Here, we report that the thermostability and activity of a thermophilic subtilase were simultaneously improved by incorporating structural elements of a psychrophilic subtilase. There were 64 variable regions/residues (VRs) in the alignment of the thermophilic WF146 protease, mesophilic sphericase, and psychrophilic S41. The WF146 protease was subjected to systematic mutagenesis, in which each of its VRs was replaced with those from S41 and sphericase. After successive rounds of combination and screening, we constructed the variant PBL5X with eight amino acid residues from S41. The half-life of PBL5X at 85°C (57.1 min) was approximately 9-fold longer than that of the wild-type (WT) WF146 protease (6.3 min). The substitutions also led to an increase in the apparent thermal denaturation midpoint temperature (Tm ) of the enzyme by 5.5°C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Compared to the WT, PBL5X exhibited high caseinolytic activity (25 to 95°C) and high values of Km and k cat (25 to 80°C). Our study may provide a rational basis for developing highly stable and active enzymes, which are highly desired in industrial applications.
Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori in vivo by confocal laser endoscopy.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Confocal laser endomicroscopy enables subsurface microscopic imaging of living tissue during ongoing endoscopy. This case report describes the in vivo detection of Helicobacter pylori by endomicroscopy. METHODS Endomicroscopy (Pentax, Tokyo, EC-3870CIFK) was performed by using two different contrast stains: Topical Acriflavine in addition to intravenously applied fluorescein netted the surface and allowed identification of focal accumulation of Helicobacter pylori at the surface and in deeper layer of the gastric epithelium. Biopsies were performed at the antrum and corpus for urease testing and histology. In addition, biopsies were cultured for Helicobacter pylori. Cultured bacteria were re-assessed ex vivo using confocal microscopy with and without acriflavine staining. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori infection could be detected in a 70-year-old male by endomicroscopy. Accumulated, as well as single bacteria, could be observed and the distinct shape and flagella of Helicobacter pylori could be identified. Helicobacter pylori infection was proved by histology. Furthermore, ex vivo examination of cultures proved the presence of Helicobacter pylori and the active uptake of acriflavine into the bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Endomicroscopy is a new diagnostic approach, which enables the immediate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in vivo during standard video endoscopy.
A Joint Rule Selection Model for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation

In hierarchical phrase-based SMT systems, statistical models are integrated to guide the hierarchical rule selection for better translation performance. Previous work mainly focused on the selection of either the source side of a hierarchical rule or the target side of a hierarchical rule rather than considering both of them simultaneously. This paper presents a joint model to predict the selection of hierarchical rules. The proposed model is estimated based on four sub-models where the rich context knowledge from both source and target sides is leveraged. Our method can be easily incorporated into the practical SMT systems with the log-linear model framework. The experimental results show that our method can yield significant improvements in performance.
Evaluation of an improved branch-site likelihood method for detecting positive selection at the molecular level.

Detecting positive Darwinian selection at the DNA sequence level has been a subject of considerable interest. However, positive selection is difficult to detect because it often operates episodically on a few amino acid sites, and the signal may be masked by negative selection. Several methods have been developed to test positive selection that acts on given branches (branch methods) or on a subset of sites (site methods). Recently, Yang, Z. , and R. Nielsen (2002. Codon-substitution models for detecting molecular adaptation at individual sites along specific lineages. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:908-917) developed likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) based on branch-site models to detect positive selection that affects a small number of sites along prespecified lineages. However, computer simulations suggested that the tests were sensitive to the model assumptions and were unable to distinguish between relaxation of selective constraint and positive selection (Zhang, J. 2004. Frequent false detection of positive selection by the likelihood method with branch-site models. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21:1332-1339). Here, we describe a modified branch-site model and use it to construct two LRTs, called branch-site tests 1 and 2. We applied the new tests to reanalyze several real data sets and used computer simulation to examine the performance of the two tests by examining their false-positive rate, power, and robustness. We found that test 1 was unable to distinguish relaxed constraint from positive selection affecting the lineages of interest, while test 2 had acceptable false-positive rates and appeared robust against violations of model assumptions. As test 2 is a direct test of positive selection on the lineages of interest, it is referred to as the branch-site test of positive selection and is recommended for use in real data analysis. The test appeared conservative overall, but exhibited better power in detecting positive selection than the branch-based test. Bayes empirical Bayes identification of amino acid sites under positive selection along the foreground branches was found to be reliable, but lacked power.
Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase , a Cytosolic Subunit of Nicotinamide phox p40 Oxygen Species through Association with Reactive the CD40 Signaling by Production of Role of TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 in

To extend our previous report, which showed the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) after the CD40 ligation in the B cells, we further examined the possible mechanisms for ROS production and the involvement of CD40-induced ROS in p38 activation. Our research shows that the stimulation of WEHI 231 B lymphomas with anti-CD40 induced ROS production and p38 activation. An antioxidant N -acetyl- L -cysteine or an inhibitor for NADPH oxidase blocked both of these, but the inhibitors for 5-lipoxygenase did not. We also show that the treatment of cells with inhibitors for the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) interfered with the CD40-induced ROS production and p38 activation. In addition, when overexpressed with a dominant negative form of either Rac1 (N17Rac1) or the TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 3, the WEHI 231 B cells did not show a full response to the CD40 stimulation to produce ROS. Molecular association studies further revealed that the TRAF3 association with p40 phox , a cytosolic subunit of NADPH oxidase and p85 (a subunit of PI3-K), may possibly be responsible for the production of ROS by CD40 stimulation in WEHI 231 B cells. Collectively, these data suggest that the CD40-induced ROS production by NADPH oxidase in WEHI 231 requires the role of TRAF3, as well as activities of PI3-K and Rac1. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 172: 231–239. digestion with trypsin. The recovered peptides were desalted and concentrated using C 18 ZipTips (Millipore, Bedford, MA), eluting peptides in 50% (v/v) acetonitrile/water. The samples were co-crystallized with matrix ( (cid:3) -cyano-4-hydroxy-trans- cinnamic acid; Hewlett-Packard, Meriden, CT) on gold-coated sample plates. A mass analysis of the resultant peptide mixtures was performed using a Voyager DE-STR (Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of ﬂight mass spec- trometry (MALDI-TOF MS) that operates in the positive-ion reﬂector mode. MALDI-TOF mass spectra were collected over the mass range from 800 to 3500 Da and calibrated with standard peptides. The proteins were identiﬁed by peptide mass ﬁngerprinting (using MS-Fit) that searched against a mammalian subset in the SWISS-PROT, or in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant protein database.
Clinical efficacy of the first metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty as a curative procedure for hallux interphalangeal joint wounds in patients with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty compared with standard, nonsurgical management of wounds at the plantar hallux interphalangeal joint in patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated 41 patients with ulcers classified as University of Texas Grade 1A or 2A at the plantar aspect of the hallux interphalangeal joint using a case-control model [correction]. Case subjects were patients treated with resectional arthroplasty and control subjects received standard nonsurgical care. Both groups received standard off-loading and wound care. Outcomes included time to healing, reulceration, infection, and amputation. RESULTS The surgery group healed significantly faster than patients in the standard therapy group (standard 67.1 +/- 17.1 versus surgery 24.2 +/- 9.9 days, P = 0.0001), and they had fewer recurrent ulcers (standard 35.0 versus surgery 4.8%, P = 0.02, odds ratio 7.6, 95% CI 1.1-261.7) Both groups had similar rates of infection (standard 38.1 versus surgery 40.0%, P = 0.9) and amputation (standard 10.0 versus surgery 4.8%, P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that resectional arthroplasty is a safe and effective procedure to treat wounds of the plantar hallux compared with nonsurgical therapy.
Supervision and Satisfaction Among School Psychologists

This study examined the supervision arrangements and job satisfaction among school psychologists in Victoria, Australia. Participation in professional supervision was explored in relation to the type of employment and job satisfaction. The results revealed that the frequency of participation in supervision activities was less than optimal, with many school psychologists reporting that they were unsatisfied with their supervision arrangements. Although school psychologists reported that they were generally satisfied with the nature of activities that make up their role, those in the Government school sector reported less satisfaction relative to those working in Catholic and Independent schools. Overall, more school psychologists working in Catholic schools reported that they participated in supervision than Government and Independent school psychologists. It is notable that many Catholic schools paid for supervision among school psychologists. Implications for practice and scholarship in the field of school psychology are discussed.
Quality of life in aphasia: Validation of a pictorial self-rating procedure

Methods & Procedures: Quality of life was assessed for stroke patients with aphasia in postacute and chronic stages by means of the Aachen Life Quality Inventory (ALQI), a German adaptation of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). A modified written version of the ALQI was given to relatives, and a newly developed pictorial version designed to minimise language demands was given to aphasic patients. Ratings of 24 patient-relative pairs were assessed. Outcomes & Results: Overall the two versions were found to be highly parallel and internally consistent, and they could be separated equally well along physical and psychosocial dimensions. In addition to rating complaints, patients were asked to score the burden caused by them; high intercorrelations between complaints and burden were found. The physical subscore was influenced by presence and degree of hemiparesis, and the psychosocial subscore by patients' mood state as rated by the relatives. Age had an impact on relatives' ratings of language and cognition as well as on physical functions. Patients and relatives differed in rating of psychosocial and cognitive complaints. Relatives took a more functional perspective; patient ratings were more dependent upon degree and quality of the aphasic impairment.
Conflict Specific Capital: The Role of Weapons Acquisition in Civil War

This article presents a correspondence between the mode of weapons acquisition by armed opposition groups and the form of a civil war. The mode of arms acquisition is affected by two factors—availability and control over the acquisition process. Variations in the mode of arms acquisition correspond to three types of insurgency: led by a single and organized group, warlordism, and disorganized armed bands. This article discusses how weapons acquisition is considered in the existing literature on arms and civil conflict, and examines the definitions of arms availability. It provides new insights on the availability and control of weapons in civil conflict and provides examples from Nepal, Iraq, and Afghanistan. The article concludes with an examination of the policy implications of its findings.
Occupational dermatoses from exposure to epoxy resin compounds in a ski factory

Of 22 workers in a ski factory, occupational allergic contact dermatitis was found in 8. 6 were sensitive to epoxy resin compounds, i.e. epoxy resins, hardeners or diluents. I to cobalt in glass‐fiber reinforcements, and I to formaldehyde in a urea–formaldehyde glue and a lacquer. 4 workers had irritant contact dermatitis from epoxy resin compounds, lacquers, sanding dust. or glass‐fiber dust. 3 had contact allergy from a new sensitizer, diethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether, in a reactive diluent. Immediate transfer of workers sensitized to epoxy resin from epoxy exposure prevents aggravation of their dermatitis and broadening of the sensitization to epoxy hardeners, diluents and other compounds.