Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Salmonella entericaSerovar Typhi and S. enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Isolated from Patients in Japan

ABSTRACT The antibiotic susceptibilities of 62 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and 37 strains of S. entericaserovar Paratyphi A were investigated with 18 antibiotics. EighteenS. enterica serovar Typhi isolates and five S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, among which 10 S. entericaserovar Typhi isolates were nalidixic acid resistant and also showed decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility.
Should intranasal splints be used after nasal septal surgery?

BACKGROUND Intranasal splints are widely used after nasal septal surgery for prevention of intranasal adhesions and support of septal position. However, they have been shown to cause significant discomfort to patients. Here we examine the evidence regarding the utility of using intranasal splints after septal surgery and address the question of whether the benefits of their use outweigh the risks.
Strategies for increasing text-based interest and students' recall of expository texts.

RECENT RESEARCH has indicated that how interesting a text is will affect students' cognitive performance. This kind of "interestingness," or text-based interest, was the focus of the study. More specifically, the authors attempted to develop strategies to create text-based interest in expository texts used in schools in order to improve children's recall. Three versions of a single text were constructed utilizing three interest-evoking strategies. All fourthand sixthgrade students in one suburban school were randomly assigned to study and recall one of the versions. Although overall recall was relatively high across the three text versions as compared with recall of standard texts in an earlier study, the strategies did not result in any significant difference in recall. However, children's interest ratings indicated that two of the three strategies resulted in increased subjective interest. A content analysis performed on the recall protocols showed that the interest-evoking strategies were most effective in increasing children's recall of concrete, specific, or personally involving information, and did not enhance the acquisition of more abstract, general, or scientific information.
Mixed‐Age Groups in Swedish Nursery and Compulsory Schools

ABSTRACT In Swedish official documents for nursery and compulsory schools it is suggested that mixed‐age groups are beneficial to children's learning and socio‐emotional development. Early evaluations confirmed these assumptions. However, according to recent, more sophisticated evaluations, the mixed‐age group does not promote children's socio‐emotional or intellectual development.
Factors Related to the Completion of Domestic Violence Offender Treatment: The Colorado Experience

Abstract The majority of prior literature examining factors related to domestic violence treatment completion has used samples of male offenders only. This study identifies specific offender demographics, risk/protective factors, and treatment-relevant variables that are related to program treatment completion among a sample of 4,095 male and female domestic violence offenders who were court ordered to attend treatment in Colorado. Findings indicate that most of the significant predictors for female offenders were similar to those of male offenders. There were, however, additional predictors for male offenders that did not impact treatment completion for female offenders. Study limitations and implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Relative Performance of Certain Newer Insecticides against Pod Bug [ Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola)] on Long Duration Pigeonpea

Field experiments were conducted to observe, the relative performance of some new insecticides with novel mode of action (Acetamiprid 20 SP @20 g a.i./ha, Spinosad 45 % SC @73 g a.i./ha, Rynaxypyr 18.5 SC 30g a.i/ha, Dimethoate 30 EC @ 600 g a.i./ha, Profenophos+DDVP 20ml+0.5ml/lit, Acephate 75 SP @ 750 g a.i./ha) for the management of Pod bug [ Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola)] on Pigeon pea in field condition, during the kharif season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Among the insecticide tested, the lowest pod damage & grain damage by Pod bug was recorded in the plot treated with Rynaxypyr 18.5 SC @ 30g a.i./ha (10.33 &9.00% and 3.65 &2.05% respectively ) which is at par with Spinosad 45% SC @73 g a.i./ ha (12.66% & 10.00 % and 3.84% & 2.51 % respectively ).
Issues of Roadside Disposal Habit of Municipal Solid Waste, Environmental Impacts and Implementation of Sound Management Practices in Developing Country "Nigeria"

The municipal solid wastes in Nigeria contain all sources of unsorted wastes, such as commercial refuse, construction and demolition debris, garbage, electronic wastes etc, which are dumped indiscriminately on roadsides and any available open pits irrespective of the health implication on people. The aim is to emphasize various waste management options, which integrated waste management disclosed the hierarchy of waste management options, environmental impacts of those options where studied under health and social effects, and the legislation of Extended Producer Responsibility were suggested where by product take back by manufacturers, especially when remanufacturing and reuse is available to ensure sound management practice in developing country Nigeria.
Secure Secondary Communications with Curious Primary Users in Cognitive Underlay Networks

In the underlay cognitive radio network, the secondary users are allowed to transmit concurrently with the primary users , which shows great potential to relieve the spectrum scarcity problem. However, it raises significant security issues at the physical layer due to the spectrum sharing approach. Different from most present research, in this paper we study the secure communication problem between secondary users where the primary receiver is a curious passive adversary, i.e., an eavesdropper. Specifically, we consider the worst but common case where the primary receiver can decode the messages from its primary transmitter successfully before trying to decode secondary user's confidential messages. To protect these messages from being eavesdropped, we employ a fullduplex secondary receiver who can broadcast jamming signals to degrade eavesdropper's channel quality while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) for primary transmission. Following this framework, we formulate a secrecy capacity maximization problem and obtain the optimal power allocation scheme to allocate power between the secondary transmitter and the fullduplex secondary receiver. Simulations are presented to show the superiority of the optimal scheme over baseline algorithms.
Effects of Billing and Documentation Requirements on the Quantity and Quality of Teaching by Attending Physicians

Purpose. The Health Care Financing Administration's guidelines for billing and documentation by attending physicians have increased the amount of time that attending physicians spend documenting the services that they provide for patients. This study assessed the impact of these guidelines on attending physicians' teaching of housestaff on inpatient medical wards. Method. A survey of 92 housestaff from the department of medicine at one teaching hospital was conducted in 1998 to determine how attending physicians' billing and documentation requirements, clinic responsibilities, teaching styles, and inpatient census affected the quantity and quality of their teaching. The questionnaire included a rank-order analysis of factors affecting quantity and quality of attending physicians' teaching, as well as a five-point Likert scale assessing the quality of attending physicians' teaching. Results. All housestaff responded. A total of 39% of housestaff perceived billing and documentation requirements to be the major detriment to quantity of teaching by attending physicians, and 30% perceived these requirements to be the major detriment to quality of teaching by attending physicians. Housestaff perceived more teaching and higher-quality teaching on services where attending physicians did not perform billing and documentation during teaching rounds. Conclusion. Billing and documentation requirements are a major detriment to the quantity of teaching on inpatient services, especially when faculty attempt to meet these requirements during teaching rounds.
Populations of auditory cortical neurons can accurately encode acoustic space across stimulus intensity

The auditory cortex is critical for perceiving a sound's location. However, there is no topographic representation of acoustic space, and individual auditory cortical neurons are often broadly tuned to stimulus location. It thus remains unclear how acoustic space is represented in the mammalian cerebral cortex and how it could contribute to sound localization. This report tests whether the firing rates of populations of neurons in different auditory cortical fields in the macaque monkey carry sufficient information to account for horizontal sound localization ability. We applied an optimal neural decoding technique, based on maximum likelihood estimation, to populations of neurons from 6 different cortical fields encompassing core and belt areas. We found that the firing rate of neurons in the caudolateral area contain enough information to account for sound localization ability, but neurons in other tested core and belt cortical areas do not. These results provide a detailed and plausible population model of how acoustic space could be represented in the primate cerebral cortex and support a dual stream processing model of auditory cortical processing.
Heritage-Language Literacy Practices: A Case Study of Three Japanese American Families

This article documents the heritage-language (HL) literacy practices of three Japanese American families residing in a predominantly Anglo and Latino community. Through interviews and observations, this study investigates Japanese children's HL-literacy practices, parental attitudes toward HL literacy, and challenges in HL-literacy development in a setting with minimal access to other HL speakers and resources. The data show that Japanese-literacy practices differed in each family, reflecting the situated nature of literacy and each family's unique needs for literacy. By providing exposure to varied forms of literacy texts and practices, the parents were instrumental in supporting their children's Japanese-literacy skills. Japanese literacy gave the children a strong foundation upon which to build their HL, supported familial relations, and also created channels of communication among family members. Although the parents possessed a focused commitment to achieve native-like HL literacy skills for their children, they were skeptical that their children would be able to reach this goal. The lack of external support, such as HL-speaking peers, HL schools, and accessible information about pedagogical strategies and resources, was perceived as a barrier to their efforts in helping their children sustain a high level of interest in HL-literacy practices.
UBY - A Large-Scale Unified Lexical-Semantic Resource Based on LMF

We present Uby, a large-scale lexical-semantic resource combining a wide range of information from expert-constructed and collaboratively constructed resources for English and German. It currently contains nine resources in two languages: English WordNet, Wiktionary, Wikipedia, FrameNet and VerbNet, German Wikipedia, Wiktionary and GermaNet, and multilingual OmegaWiki modeled according to the LMF standard. For FrameNet, VerbNet and all collaboratively constructed resources, this is done for the first time. Our LMF model captures lexical information at a fine-grained level by employing a large number of Data Categories from ISOCat and is designed to be directly extensible by new languages and resources. All resources in Uby can be accessed with an easy to use publicly available API.
Using Common Psychological Terms to Describe Other People

According to the lexical approach to personality, psychological adjectives used in everyday language (e.g., “extraverted”) are a valid basis for describing the psychological properties that can be measured using personality inventories. In the present contribution, both the foundations and the consequences of this approach are subjected to a critical analysis, which comes to the conclusion that it is based on a mistaken conception of psychological terms and a questionable assumption as to the purpose of personality inventories. A fresh method is therefore put forward, defending a polysemous approach to psychological terms, partly inspired by Wittgenstein's second philosophy (1953). This approach stresses the fact that every adjective encompasses different meanings (i.e., no adjective can be summed up by a single essential meaning); and one of these meanings may become dominant, to the detriment of the others, according to the forms of life (i.e., social and linguistic practices) in which people are objectively involved. The need to link the definition of adjectives to peoples' concrete forms of life paves the way for a new and radically different program of research from that constructed within the framework of the lexical hypothesis.
observations and suggestions

Based on international experience, housing policies should adopt an integrated approach connecting the provision of low-income housing to social programs, and addressing the new housing needs arising from demographic and social changes. In this process, it is important to clearly define targets and eligibility criteria to enhance policy effectiveness. In light of the existing low-income housing shortage, it seems appropriate to rely more on supply-side incentives in the short-to-medium term, while targeting an increased reliance on demand subsidies in the longer run. From the institutional point of view, low-income housing policies are in general decentralized, and the most successful programs worldwide have relied on good central-local coordination supported by appropriate legislation and incentives at both levels. Institutional arrangements are usually underpinned by measures to ease the access of low-income groups to housing finance, including public mortgages or guarantees, more flexible borrowing terms and preferential rates. The establishment of a National Housing Agency is an option for consideration. The agency could play a meaningful role in the preparation and execution of a National Housing Plan, in the establishment of a low-income housing finance scheme, and developing initiatives to foster the construction of low-income housing by the private sector. 17 February 2009
A Probabilistic Model for Learning Multi-Prototype Word Embeddings

pages 151–160, Dublin, Ireland, August 23-29 2014. A Probabilistic Model for Learning Multi-Prototype Word Embeddings Fei Tian†, Hanjun Dai∗, Jiang Bian‡, Bin Gao‡, Rui Zhang? , Enhong Chen†, Tie-Yan Liu‡ †University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China ∗Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China ‡Microsoft Research, Building 2, No. 5 Danling Street, Beijing, P.R. China ? Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China †tianfei@mail.ustc.edu.cn, †cheneh@ustc.edu.cn, ∗daihanjun@gmail.com, ‡{jibian, bingao, tyliu}@microsoft.com, ? rayz0620@hotmail.com Abstract
Cardiac strain comparison between workers with normal weight and overweight in the hot humid weather of the Persian Gulf region

Background: In the hot weather, overweight and obesity are considered as significant risk factors for the incidence of cardiac strain in workers. This study is aimed at comparing the cardiac strain among overweight and normal-weighted workers, in the hot, humid conditions of the south of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 workers in the south of Iran, in the summer of 2010. The heart rate was measured at rest and at actual work. Cardiac strain based on the working heart rate (WHR), the relative cardiac cost (RCC), the net cardiac cost (NCC), the load relative cardiovascular (CVL), and heart rate reduction were analyzed in 35 normal weight people (BMI <25) and 36 people who were overweight (BMI >25), using descriptive statistics and t- tests. Results: In 42% of the total workers, the body mass index was more than 25. The average temperature of the two groups was not significantly different. The mean WHR in these two groups was 101 ± 20.3 and 112 ± 18.9, respectively (P = 0.026). Percentages that exceeded the acceptable limits in parameters of NCC, RCC, WHR, CVL, and the Brouha index, were significantly higher in overweight people than those in people with normal weight. Conclusions: Based on the study results, the severity of cardiac strain was higher in overweight workers when compared with normal weight workers. Hence, in order to decrease the cardiac strain, selecting overweight individuals for these jobs should be avoided, as also some vital intervention for losing weight, such as, nutrition education and encouraging them to increase their physical activity, should be implemented.
The Emergence of the African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States: An Aspect of African and Caribbean International Cooperation

On 6 June 1975, 46 countries, 37 African, 6 Caribbean, and 3 Pacific signed the Georgetown Agreement establishing the African Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP). This agreement represents the culmination of months of cooperation and coordination among these countries in their negotiations to establish a new model of economic cooperation between themselves and the European Economic Community (EEC). Whatever the merits or demerits of the Lome Convention in specific economic, political, and institutional terms, there is general agreement that the protracted negotiations provided an opportunity for the 46 countries to forge links that have had and will continue to have far reaching implications for the efforts at mutual cooperation and effective action between Third World countries, particularly between those in Africa and the Caribbean, on the international scene. Isebill V. Gruhn (1976: 241) has suggested that: The discussions leading up to the Lome Convention and the Convention itself are most likely of greater significance and interest, at least in the short range, to the student of international affairs than to the student of economic development. To the extent that the emergence of the ACP is regarded as one of the most important outcomes of the Lome negotiations, the available evidence tends to support that interpretation. The ACP marks a significant milestone in the years of endeavor to establish an institutional framework for Afro/Caribbean collaboration in international relations. It has long been accepted that on several of the major issues confronting the international community such as imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism, apartheid, and the restructuring of the international system, Africa and Caribbean have had similar interests. While these interests have been articulated by the various states at different international meetings, they have lacked an institutional arrangement for their harmonization and joint orchestration.
To risk or not to risk it: student (non‐)engagement with seen examination questions

This case study explores students’ perceptions of seen examination questions about topics not covered by the formal curriculum of a final‐year economics module and of the associated group support sessions. Eight semi‐structured interviews with a total of 13 students were analysed. Contrary to expectations, learners taking a strategic approach to the module were not attracted by the seen questions. The uncertainty of an unfamiliar assessment format and the prospect of undertaking independent research and group work were perceived as involving more risks than the familiar unseen examination. Take‐up for the seen examination questions was low, and the students who did not answer a seen question tended to make workload considerations as well as concerns about group work for assessment purposes responsible for their decision. Despite not participating in the group support sessions, a few students researched the seen question in conjunction with trusted fellow students or on their own. The students who answered a seen question enjoyed the autonomy which the seen exam questions provided, while other students were critical of the way in which their autonomy might be externally controlled. The study provides insight into the impact of assessment on risk taking and students’ perception of risk associated with this type of assessment.
Genetic Structure of and Evidence for Admixture between Western and Korean Native Pig Breeds Revealed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Comprehensive information on genetic diversity and introgression is desirable for the design of rational breed improvement and conservation programs. Despite the concerns regarding the genetic introgression of Western pig breeds into the gene pool of the Korean native pig (KNP), the level of this admixture has not yet been quantified. In the present study, we genotyped 93 animals, representing four Western pig breeds and KNP, using the porcine SNP 60K BeadChip to assess their genetic diversity and to estimate the level of admixture among the breeds. Expected heterozygosity was the lowest in Berkshire (0.31) and highest in Landrace (0.42). Population differentiation (FST) estimates were significantly different (p<0.000), accounting for 27% of the variability among the breeds. The evidence of inbreeding observed in KNP (0.029) and Yorkshire (0.031) may result in deficient heterozygosity. Principal components one (PC1) and two (PC2) explained approximately 35.06% and 25.20% of the variation, respectively, and placed KNP somewhat proximal to the Western pig breeds (Berkshire and Landrace). When K = 2, KNP shared a substantial proportion of ancestry with Western breeds. Similarly, when K = 3, over 86% of the KNP individuals were in the same cluster with Berkshire and Landrace. The linkage disquilbrium (LD) values at r2 0.3, the physical distance at which LD decays below a threshold of 0.3, ranged from 72.40 kb in Landrace to 85.86 kb in Yorkshire. Based on our structure analysis, a substantial level of admixture between Western and Korean native pig breeds was observed.
SBC for motion assist using neural oscillator

In this paper we propose a framework for synchronization based control (SBC) using neural oscillators for motion assist. A neural oscillator is used to accomplish synchronization and entrainment between periodic motions by the human and robot. The mutual joint torque between the human and robot is used as an external input signal for the neural oscillator, which generates the desired trajectory of a robot joint angle, so that the robot motion synchronizes with the external mutual joint torque. The validity and feasibility of the proposed method is examined from three points of view. The first is whether synchronization of action between human and robot can be realized. The second is whether the assist effect can be obtained, and the third is whether the proposed method has an acceptable level of usability for the user. We explored those three points of view by conducting computer simulations on a human-motion assist system and experiments with a joint torque sensing robot suit.