Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theorizing the Authentic

This article builds upon and extends the work of civic engagement, deliberative democracy, and discourse theorists by critically examining the ways in which civic engagement is currently conceptualized and utilized. Through this analysis, critical oversights, assumptions, and biases concerning the potential of public participation, the nature of who is or is not engaged, and the places where authentic engagement is occurring are revealed. To move the field forward and to prevent scholars and practitioners from inadvertently sustaining the very problems they are attempting to rectify, this author posits that a more critical and reflective approach to civic engagement and public participation efforts is needed. The article concludes with suggestions for alternative locations of engagement, future research, and public administration’s role in supporting and facilitating publicly engaged citizens.
Impact of TNF-α (rs1800629) and IL-6 (rs1800795) Polymorphisms on Cognitive Impairment in Asian Breast Cancer Patients

Objective Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, and cytokines are associated with the occurrence of post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between two common pro-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms namely, IL6-174 (rs1800795 G>C) and TNF-308 (rs1800629 G>A), and chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment (CACI) among Asian early-stage breast cancer patients. In addition, the differential effect of these SNPs on plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and the associations of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels with CACI were also assessed. Methods Asian early-stage breast cancer patients (Stage I to III) receiving chemotherapy were prospectively recruited from two cancer centers in Singapore. Patients' cognitive function was longitudinally assessed using the validated FACT-Cog (ver. 3) and an objective computerized battery, Headminder™ at three-time points. Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels were analyzed using the multiplex immunoassay, and genotyping was performed using Sanger sequencing. Regression analyses and generalized estimating equation were utilized for statistical analysis. Results A total of 125 patients were included (mean age: 50.3; Chinese: 80.8%; post-menopausal: 48.0%; 68.0% received anthracycline-based chemotherapy). 36.8% patients experienced self-perceived cognitive impairment, detected in memory (32.8%) and attention (34.2%) domains. Patients with higher levels of anxiety (p<0.001) and insomnia (p = 0.003) also reported more self-perceived cognitive impairment. Higher plasma concentrations of IL-6 were associated with greater severity of self-perceived cognitive impairment (p = 0.001). Polymorphisms of cytokine genes were not associated with expression of plasma cytokines. Conclusion Present findings further contribute to the growing evidence that supports the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the occurrence of cognitive impairment post-chemotherapy. However, genetic polymorphism of these cytokines did not play a major role to the cytokine fluctuations as well as cognitive impairment in this cohort. With an increasing evidence to support the cytokine hypothesis, future studies should investigate the role of anti-inflammatory agents in mitigating the cognitive impairment associated with chemotherapy.
Unpacking Customer Rage Elicitation

Unlike prior research that has confined customer rage to a single point in time, this article explores the unfolding of rage over three time periods, at the initial service failure (Episode 1) and two ineffective service recovery attempts (Episodes 2 and 3). In each episode, we examine the association between loss, or a threat of loss, of personal resources (e.g., self-esteem, sense of justice, sense of control, and economic resources such as time and money) and negative emotions. We empirically demonstrate for the first time that although rage may sometimes take place at the initial service failure (Episode 1), rage does not tend to be an immediate reaction. Rather, it is when service failures remain unresolved that residual negative emotions are carried forward into the next episode, so that rage is dominant in Episodes 2 and 3. This carryover of negative emotion spirals with more resources being threatened, propelling the customer into rage. The authors offer a methodological contribution demonstrating the dynamic nature of appraisals and emotions in a sequence of related episodes in the elicitation of rage. Finally, differences between U.S. and Thai responses are discussed with important theoretical and managerial implications.
A prospective evaluation of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis during thyroidectomy.

HYPOTHESIS Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after thyroidectomy can be unrecognized without routine laryngoscopy, and patients have a good potential for recovery during follow-up. DESIGN A prospective evaluation of vocal cord function before and after thyroidectomy. Periodic vocal cord assessment was performed until recovery of cord function. Persistent cord palsy for longer than 12 months after the operation was regarded as permanent. SETTING A university hospital with about 150 thyroid operations performed by 1 surgical team per year. PATIENTS From January 1, 1995, to April 30, 1998, 500 consecutive patients (84 males and 416 females) with documented normal cord function at the ipsilateral side of the thyroidectomy were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Vocal cord paralysis after thyroidectomy. RESULTS There were 213 unilateral and 287 bilateral procedures, with 787 nerves at risk of injury. Thirty-three patients (6.6%) developed postoperative unilateral cord paralysis, and 5 (1.0%) had recognizable nerve damage during the operations. Complete recovery of vocal cord function was documented in 26 (93%) of 28 patients. The incidence of temporary and permanent cord palsy was 5.2% and 1.4% (3.3% and 0.9% of nerves at risk), respectively. Among factors analyzed, surgery for malignant neoplasm and recurrent substernal goiter was associated with an increased risk of permanent nerve palsy. Primary operations for benign goiter were associated with a 5.3% and 0.3% incidence (3.4% and 0.2% of nerves at risk) of transient and permanent nerve palsy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Unrecognized recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred after thyroidectomy. Thyroid surgery for malignant neoplasms and recurrent substernal goiter was associated with an increased risk of permanent recurrent nerve damage. Postoperative vocal cord dysfunction recovered in most patients without documented nerve damage.
Releasing the hidden academic? Learning from teacher-educators’ responses to a writing support programme

The Research Excellence Framework has led to increased scrutiny on the volume/quality of writing produced by academics within higher education institutions. This paper describes the initiation of a writing support programme for teacher educators in a new university and analyses its impact. A key finding has been that supporting staff to write is not simply a case of ‘hurrying them along’ but requires understanding of the particular barriers to writing for this group. We show how tailored interventions, with emphasis on professional development rather than the explicit demand for publications, may be a fruitful approach towards encouraging staff to write and publish.
Traumatic victimization, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse risk among juvenile justice-involved youth

Psychological trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among youth involved in the juvenile justice system. However, the impact on functioning and risky behavior of different forms of psychological trauma in this population is not known. In a sample of 264 youth (73% boys) ages 10–17 years old admitted within the prior 24–72 hours to pretrial juvenile detention centers, 61% reported a history of psychological trauma. Physical abuse, domestic violence, and traumatic neglect were independently associated with suicide ideation and drug and alcohol abuse risk. Findings suggest that education and treatment models are needed to address the impact of victimization, neglect, loss, and accidental trauma on health risks such as suicidality and substance abuse among juvenile justice-involved youth.
Diclofenac, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, inhibits DMH‐induced colon tumorigenesis through suppression of MCP‐1, MIP‐1α and VEGF

Angiogenesis is a physiological process involving growth of new blood vessels from pre‐existing ones; however, it also plays a critical role in tumor progression. It favors the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia, that is, from a state of cellular multiplication to uncontrolled proliferation. Therefore targeting angiogenesis will be profitable as a mechanism to inhibit tumor's lifeline. Further, it is important to understand the cross‐communication between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)—master switch in angiogenesis and other molecules in the neoplastic and pro‐inflammatory milieu. We studied the role of two important chemokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐lα] alongwith VEGF and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)‐induced chemopreventive effect in experimental colon cancer in rat. 1,2‐Dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 30 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously (s.c.) once‐a‐week) for 18 wk was used as pro‐carcinogen and diclofenac (8 mg/kg body weight, orally daily) as the preferential cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor. Expression of COX‐2 and VEGF was found to be significantly elevated in the DMH‐treated group as compared to the control, which was lowered notably by Diclofenac co‐administration with DMH. Gelatin zymography showed prominent MMP‐9 activity in the DMH‐treated rats, while the activity was nearly absent in all the other groups. Expression of MCP‐1 was found to be markedly increased whereas MIP‐1α expression was found to be decreased in colonic mucosa from DMH‐treated rats, which was reversed in the DMH + Diclofenac group. Our results indicate potential role of chemokines alongwith VEGF in angiogenesis in DMH‐induced cancer and its chemoprevention with diclofenac. Mol. Carcinog. ©2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphatic networks in the periodontal tissue and dental pulp as revealed by histochemical study

The structural organization and fine distribution of the lymphatic networks in the periodontal tissues (gingiva, periodontal membrane, and alveolar process) and dental pulp of animals and humans were reviewed with special reference to histochemical examination by light and electron microscopy. The distinction between lymphatics and blood vessels was made on cryostat sections of undecalcified and calcified teeth treated with EDTA solution and whole mount preparations of periodontal membranes using 5′‐nucleotidase (5′‐Nase)‐alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) double staining. This staining procedure allowed lymphatic vessels in the periodontal tissue and dental pulp to be differentiated from blood vessels. The specificity and localization of the enzyme reactions were confirmed by comparative histochemical studies of the same specimen with light microscopy and scanning or transmission electron microscopy. Well‐developed 5′‐Nase‐positive lymphatic networks were observed on the tissue sections and whole mount preparations of the gingiva, periodontium, and dental pulp. More lymphatic vessels were seen in the root area of the periodontium than in the cervical area. In the dental pulp, lymphatic vessels were more numerous in the central part than in the peripheral odontoblastic layer. These distributions of the lymphatic capillary networks are discussed in relation to their ability to supply lymph to the teeth. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:50–59, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI Anatomy of the Tibial ACL Attachment and Proximal Epiphysis in a Large Population of Skeletally Immature Knees

Background: To aid in performing anatomic physeal-sparing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, it is important for surgeons to have reference data for the native ACL attachment positions and epiphyseal anatomy in skeletally immature knees. Purpose: To characterize anatomic parameters of the ACL tibial insertion and proximal tibial epiphysis at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large population of skeletally immature knees. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The ACL tibial attachment site and proximal epiphysis were examined in 570 skeletally immature knees with an intact ACL (age, 6-15 years) using 1.5-T proton density–weighted sagittal MRI; also measured were the tibial anteroposterior diameter; anterior, central, and posterior ACL attachment positions; vertical height of the epiphysis; and maximum oblique epiphyseal depth extending from the ACL tibial attachment center to the tibial tuberosity. Results: In adolescents (11-15 years of age), the center of the ACL’s tibial attachment was 51.5% ± 5.7% of the anteroposterior diameter of the tibia, with no significant differences between sexes or age groups (P > .05 in all cases). Mean vertical epiphyseal height was 15.9 ± 1.7 mm in the adolescent group, with significant differences between 11-year-olds (15.2 ± 1.5 mm) and 15-year-olds (16.6 ± 1.6 mm), P < . 001, and between males (16.6 ± 1.5 mm) and females (14.8 ± 1.4), P < . 001. Mean maximum oblique depth was 30.0 ± 5.3 mm, with a significant difference between 11-year-olds (26.7 ± 4.9 mm) and 15-year-olds (32.7 ± 5.1 mm), P < . 001, and between males (29.7 ± 6.4 mm) and females (27.8 ± 5.2 mm), P < . 001. The maximum oblique depth occurred at a mean angle of ~50°, and this angle did not change with age or sex. There was a significant moderate correlation (r = 0.39, P < .001) between epiphyseal vertical height and maximum oblique depth. Conclusion: The center of the ACL tibial attachment was consistently near 51% of the anteroposterior diameter, regardless of age or sex. The vertical depth of the tibial epiphysis was ~16 mm in adolescents. Maximum oblique depth from ACL attachment was ~30 mm, occurring at a mean angle ~50° regardless of age or sex. The normative values for tibial ACL attachment and epiphyseal anatomy presented here may be helpful in selecting candidates for surgery and in planning surgical approaches for pediatric ACL reconstruction.
Integrating Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and Behavioral Activation for the Treatment of Relationship Distress

The following case study demonstrates the potential for an integrated behavioral treatment to improve interpersonal functioning, specifically within a romantic relationship. This integrated treatment utilizes strategies from both Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) and Behavioral Activation (BA), and thus is termed FAP-Enhanced BA (FEBA). This case study represents an initial attempt to apply FEBA to a 22-year-old female undergraduate, Megan, presenting with relationship distress. Megan and her partner both completed a pretreatment and posttreatment assessment that included self-report questionnaires in addition to a conflict-interaction task that was later coded for the presence of specific emotions. After the pretreatment assessment, Megan participated in 8 sessions of FEBA. Session-by-session descriptions and data will be presented, as well as data from the pretreatment and posttreatment assessments.
The ethics of gatekeeping tests: what have we learned in a hundred years?

Tests have always been used as a means of political and social control. Critics have emphasized their unfairness and what Edgeworth called their 'unavoidable uncertainty'. Test results are unreliable, especially at the extremes, and their pre dictive power is weak. Language testers above all need to be sceptical; they should insist that the most complete information about candidates be made available for selection decision-making.
Separation by Television Program: Understanding the Targeting of Political Advertising in Presidential Elections

Although conventional wisdom suggests that imbalanced message flows are relatively rare in presidential campaigns, this view relies on the assumption that competing campaigns allocate their advertising similarly. In this research, we show that this assumption is false. We combine ad tracking data from the Wisconsin Advertising Project with a unique collection of survey data on the audience for various program genres. Examining advertising in the 2000, 2004, and 2008 U.S. presidential races, we find that the Republican and Democratic candidates distributed their advertising differently across different program genres, reaching different types of voters. A form of microtargeting has increasingly entered into the realm of political advertising buys. We find that who sees certain political ads is more nonrandom than scholars had previously thought, and we find that unbalanced message flows (a precondition for ad persuasion) are more prevalent than conventional wisdom has suggested.
Influence of Knee Flexion Angle and Age on Triceps Surae Muscle Activity During Heel Raises

Abstract Hébert-Losier, K, Schneiders, AG, García, JA, Sullivan, SJ, and Simoneau, GG. Influence of knee flexion angle and age on triceps surae muscle activity during heel raises. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 3124–3133, 2012—Triceps surae and Achilles tendon injuries are frequent in sports medicine, particularly in middle-aged adults. Muscle imbalances and weakness are suggested to be involved in the etiology of these conditions, with heel-raise testing often used to assess and treat triceps surae (TS) injuries. Although heel raises are recommended with the knee straight for gastrocnemius and bent for soleus (SOL), the extent of muscle selectivity in these positions is not clear. This study aimed to determine the influence of knee angle and age on TS muscle activity during heel raises. Forty-eight healthy men and women were recruited from a younger-aged (18–25 years) and middle-aged (35–45 years) population. All the subjects performed unilateral heel raises in 0° and 45° knee flexion (KF). Soleus, gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) surface electromyography signals were processed to compute root-mean-square amplitudes, and data were analyzed using mixed-effects models and stepwise regression. The mean TS activity during heel raises was 23% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction when performed in 0° KF and 21% when in 45°. Amplitudes were significantly different between TS muscles (p < 0.001) and KF angles (p < 0.001), with a significant interaction (p < 0.001). However, the age of the population did not influence the results (p = 0.193). The findings demonstrate that SOL activity was 4% greater when tested in 45° compared with 0° KF and 5% lower in the GM and GL. The results are consistent with the recommended use of heel raises in select knee positions for assessing, training, and rehabilitating the SOL and gastrocnemius muscles; however, the 4–5% documented change in activity might not be enough to significantly influence clinical outcome measures or muscle-specific benefits. Contrary to expectations, TS activity did not distinguish between middle-aged and younger-aged adults, despite the higher injury prevalence in middle age.
Myths and Enabling Fictions of ‘Origin’ in the Editing of Shakespeare

The debate in NTQ about editing Shakespeare has engaged with the practices embodied in recent scholarly projects from the Oxford Complete Works (1986) to the continuing ‘Shakespearean Originals’ series. The issues raised have been philosophical, concerning the nature of authorial subjectivity, and practical, concerning the interventions made by editors in manifestly corrupt or incomplete texts. Here, Gabriel Egan surveys the progress of the debate and responds in detail to Andrew Spong's defence in NTQ 45 of the principles embodied in the ‘Shakespearean Originals’ series. Rejecting Spong's claim that editorial interference cannot be justified and that early printed texts must be ‘cordoned off’, Egan argues the necessity of explained interference based on ‘enabling fictions’ of authorial intention. Since all textual transmission is necessarily mediation, he argues that scrupulous explication of interference is called for, and that this is lacking in the ‘Shakespearean Originals’ produced to date. Gabriel Egan is completing a PhD on Shakespearean original staging at the Shakespeare Institute in Stratford-on-Avon.
Role‐Playing and Playing Roles: The Person, Player, and Persona in Fantasy Role‐Playing

In fantasy role-playing games, participants collectively create and play fantasy personas in an imaginary universe by using a vast system of rules that function as guidelines for make-believe action and interaction. Consequently, role-playing games obligate participants to occupy a liminal role located in the boundaries of persona, player, and person. This study, based on approximately ninety hours of participant observation and forty interviews with thirty role-players, explores how role-players actively negotiate these symbolic boundaries: how role-players carve out distinct spheres of meaning between themselves, their fantasy personas, and status as players of these games. It also illustrates how these distinctions fail. Boundaries erupt and role-players prove unable to compartmentalize themselves so discretely. Through the lens of these games, we can examine simplified and exaggerated dynamics and entertain the possibility that we are all players located at the liminal margins between the people we believe ourselves to be and the personas we perform in situated social encounters. Roles may not only be played but also played at , as when children, stage actors, and other kinds of cutups mimic a role for the avowed purpose of make-believe; here, surely, doing is not being. But this is easy to deal with. A movie star who plays at being a doctor is not in the role of doctor but in the role of actor; and this latter role, we are told, he is likely to take quite seriously. The work of his role is to portray a doctor, but the work is only incidental; his actual role is no more make-believe than that of a real doctor—merely better paid. These desperate performers are caught exactly between illusion and reality, and must lead one audience to accept the role portrait as real, even while assuring another audience that the actor in no way is convincing himself. —Erving Goffman, Encounters
Self-determination in rehabilitation: a qualitative case study of three young offenders on community orders

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider how male young offenders on community orders made sense of their offending behaviour as well as considering the extent these views aligned with traditional stereotypes of masculinity.Design/methodology/approach – The research adopted a qualitative approach, using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews followed by interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify themes within the participant's narratives.Findings – Two master themes were identified; “dissociating from an offender identity and authoring a new non‐offender identity” as well as “masculinity as multifaceted”. These themes were interpreted using self‐determination theory, highlighting the importance of intrinsic motivation and specific environmental conditions in enabling change and exploration of new identities.Research limitations/implications – This work was based on a small sample size. Whilst this permitted an in‐depth analysis it is acknowledged that this may have implications for making.