Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategies of Translation

Abstract The paper is concerned with the strategies of written translation. The first section deals with various definitions of the notion of translation strategy, terms used to describe that notion and classifications of translation strategies. The second section presents the results of some empirical studies on translation strategies. In the third section, Krzysztof Hejwowski’s concept of translation strategies is laid out and the results of a pilot study based on this concept are described
Vision, leadership and emotional intelligence transforming family business

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the role of emotional and social intelligence in family business leaders and how it can lead to a shared vision and dramatic increase in success of a family business.Design/methodology/approach – Single organization case study interpreted through Intentional Change Theory.Findings – Using emotional and social intelligence, two fifth‐generation family business members inspired others by building resonant relationships with them. They created a shared vision among the various stakeholders in the family, the organization and the community. They got others excited about the vision using positive, emotional contagion. The contagion and resonance spread to others in the family, organization, and region.Research limitations/implications – Although a case study, the implications for future research are to focus on the shared vision or lack thereof in family businesses, focus on resonant leadership, and multi‐level leadership.Practical implications – Visionary l.
An Agent-Based Approach to Option Pricing Anomalies

Psychological studies on decision-making under uncertainty, which have been inspired by Kahneman and Tversky's study, have attracted considerable interest in financial research as key factors to solve anomalies that cannot be explained by the traditional models. Recently, we proposed an agent-based prospect theoretical model and demonstrated that the loss-aversion feature of investors is capable of explaining a large number of financial stylized facts. This paper aims to extend the previous work to the field of option pricing. Two important anomalies in the field - the implied volatility smile and the skewness premium - will be analyzed. This study can be considered as an attempt to integrate the behavioral financial theory and the option pricing theory by using the agent-based approach.
Relationship between variations in posterior vitreous detachment and visual prognosis in idiopathic epiretinal membranes

Purpose To clarify the relationship between variations in posterior vitreous detachments (PVDs) and visual prognoses in idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERMs). Methods In this retrospective, observational, and consecutive case series, we observed variations in PVDs in 37 patients (mean age, 65.7±11.0 years) with ERMs and followed them for 2 years. Three PVD types were found biomicroscopically: no PVD, complete PVD with collapse (C-PVD with collapse), and partial PVD without shrinkage, with persistent vitreous attachment to the macula through the premacular hole of the posterior hyaloid membrane (P-PVD without shrinkage [M]). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured and converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA at the first visit and 2 years later. Results No PVD was observed in 16 of the 37 eyes (mean age, 61.3±11.3 years), C-PVD with collapse in 11 of the 37 eyes (mean age, 69.1±9.9 years), and P-PVD without shrinkage (M) in 10 of the 37 eyes (mean age, 69.3±10.9 years). The logMAR BCVA at the first visit was the worst in the P-PVD without shrinkage (M) group (0.22±0.35) compared with the no-PVD group (−0.019±0.07; P<0.01) and the C-PVD group (0.029±0.08; P<0.05). The logMAR BCVA 2 years later was also worst in the P-PVD without shrinkage (M) group (0.39±0.35) compared with the no-PVD group (0.04±0.13) and the C-PVD with collapse group (0.03±0.09; P<0.05 for both comparisons). The change in the logMAR BCVA over the 2-year follow-up period was worst in the P-PVD without shrinkage (M) group (0.17±0.23) compared with the no-PVD group (0.06±0.14) and the C-PVD with collapse group (0.0009±0.09; P<0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusion Cases with an ERM with a P-PVD without shrinkage (M) had a worse visual prognosis than those with an ERM with no PVD and C-PVD with collapse.
Effect of delayed supine positioning after induction of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section

Background: The study tested the hypothesis that the incidence of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section is less in parturients who remain in the sitting position for 3 min compared with parturients who are placed in the modified supine position immediately after induction of spinal anesthesia.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: An ultrastructural study, literature review, and reevaluation

Two cases of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy were examined by electron microscopy and an extensive review of the literature was performed. Ultrastructural examination revealed several features not previously described for this lesion. Three different types of melanin granule formation were observed, many cells had a single cilium, and cell junctions of the “close” or “modified‐tight” type were seen, but no desmosomes were found. The morphologic data were consistent with the concept that the tumor arises from neural crest cells. The review of the literature indicated that there have been 158 reported cases of this lesion, including the two reported here. There were five cases of malignant tumor reported for a rate of 3.2%. This rate of malignancy is very high in view of the fact that the tumor has been described as universally benign. The significance of this finding is discussed with regard to melanin‐producing lesions of the oral cavity.
Drawing a veil over managerialism: leadership and the discursive disguise of the New Public Management

Through a focus upon the simultaneous rise of leadership and the New Public Management (NPM) within the context of education in England this article offers an analytical account of these developments and their entry into the field of education. This analysis is located within contradictions and tensions arising out of the agential promises inherent in the construction of leadership and the simultaneous managerialist and directive intent of the NPM. The way in which discourses of leadership and, more latterly, distributed leadership act to draw a veil over these tensions and contradictions is demonstrated within the context of research in two schools. The article concludes by examining how discourses of leadership have enabled schools and teachers to adapt to educational modernisation in ways that have undermined teacher professionalism.
English Teachers’ Cultural Models About Technology

Prompted by calls for research on technology-focused professional development, this ethnographic case study investigates how teachers’ participation in learning communities may influence technology integration within the secondary English curriculum. In this article, I draw on educational psychology, cognitive anthropology, and sociolinguistics to build a theory of teacher learning. I then take a microethnographic approach to discourse analysis to show how teachers’ use of language and contextualization cues within a learning community reflects their cultural models, or everyday beliefs, about technology. This study addresses two gaps in the literature. First, it explores the role of situated language in constructing English teachers’ cultural models related to technology. Second, it examines micro-level interactions within a professional learning community to understand how teacher learning occurs in social and cultural contexts. The analysis suggests that the implementation of educational reforms, including reforms associated with technology integration and literacy education, is often dependent upon teachers’ skills, values, and cultural models.
Dental Anomalies in a Brazilian Cleft Population

Objective The aim of this study was to radiographically investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies outside the cleft area in a group of Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). Design, Participants, and Setting A retrospective analysis of 207 panoramic radiographs of patients with NSCL/P aged 12 to 45 years without history of tooth extraction and orthodontic treatment was performed. Results Dental anomalies were found in 75.4% of the patients, and tooth agenesis (29.2%) and supernumerary tooth (2.6%) were the most common anomalies. The risk of agenesis was higher among the individuals with cleft palate (CP) compared with individuals with cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (CLP) (agenesis: CP versus CL: odds ratio 6.27, 95% confidence interval 2.21-17.8, P = .0003; CP versus CLP: odds ratio 2.94; 95% confidence interval 1.27-6.81, P = .01). The frequency of dental agenesis was higher in patients with unilateral complete CLP (agenesis: P < .0001), incomplete bilateral CLP (agenesis: P = .0013), complete CP (agenesis: P < .0001), and incomplete CP (agenesis: P < .0001). The frequency of supernumerary teeth was higher in patients with bilateral complete CLP (P < .0001). The frequency of dental agenesis (P < .0001) and ectopic tooth (P = .009) was higher than the frequency estimated for general population. Conclusions The prevalence of dental anomalies in patients with NSCL/P was higher than that reported in overall population. This study found preferential associations between dental anomalies and specific extensions of NSCL/P, suggesting that dental agenesis and ectopic tooth may be part of oral cleft subphenotypes.
Optimal Power Control for Cognitive Radio Networks Under Coupled Interference Constraints: A Cooperative Game-Theoretic Perspective

Distributed power control is investigated for cognitive radio networks (CRNs) based on a cooperative game-theoretic framework. Taking into consideration both network efficiency and user fairness, a cooperative Nash bargaining power-control game (NBPCG) model is formulated, where interference power constraints (IPCs) are imposed to protect the primary users' (PUs') transmissions, and minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirements are employed to provide reliable transmission opportunities to secondary cognitive users. An SINR-based utility function is designed for this game model, which not only reflects the spectrum efficiency of the CRN but also complies with all the axioms in the Nash theorem and, hence, facilitates efficient algorithmic development. The existence, uniqueness, and fairness of this game solution are proved analytically. To deal with the IPCs where the power-control decisions of all users are coupled, these IPCs are properly transformed into a pricing function in the objective utility. Accordingly, a Kalai-Smorodinsky (KS) bargaining solution and a Nash bargaining solution (NBS) are developed, which result in Pareto-optimal solutions to the NBPCG problem with different user-fairness policies. Theoretical analysis and simulations are provided to testify the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative game algorithms for efficient and fair power control in CRNs.
Who to blame when YouTube is not working? detecting anomalies in CDN-provisioned services

Internet-scale services like YouTube are provisioned by large Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), which push content as close as possible to the end-users to improve their Quality of Experience (QoE) and to pursue their own optimization goals. Adopting space and time variant traffic delivery policies, CDNs serve users' requests from multiple servers/caches at different physical locations and different times. CDNs traffic distribution policies can have a relevant impact on the traffic routed through the Internet Service Provider (ISP), as well as unexpected negative effects on the end-user QoE. In the event of poor QoE due to faulty CDN server selection, a major problem for the ISP is to avoid being blamed by its customers. In this paper we show a real case study in which Google CDN server selection policies negatively impact the QoE of the customers of a major European ISP watching YouTube. We argue that it is extremely important for the ISP to rapidly and automatically detect such events to increase its visibility on the overall operation of the network, as well as to promptly answer possible customer complaints. We therefore present an Anomaly Detection (AD) system for detecting unexpected cache-selection changes in the traffic delivered by CDNs. The proposed algorithm improves over traditional AD approaches by analyzing the complete probability distribution of the monitored features, as well as by self-adapting its functioning to dynamic environments, providing better detection capabilities.
A Finite Element Analysis of Mid-Shaft Femoral Tolerance under Combined Axial-Bending Loading

Bone fractures occur frequently at mid-shaft femoral site during frontal and offset automotive crashes. Because these injuries are expensive, it is crucial to understand the injury mechanisms if this injury is to be prevented. The experimental investigation of femoral shaft tolerance under loading corresponding to real world accidents requires a challenging test setup that allows applying external loads in controlled conditions, mimics the boundary conditions of the femur, and measures the loads at the mid-shaft cross-section of the femur. In addition, the variability of mechanical and structural properties of the specimens complicates the determination of the injury tolerance of the femur under different loading conditions. A numerical alternative is presented in the current study. First, a subject specific finite element model of a femur is developed based on medical images. Then, the parameters of two material models frequently used to approximate the cortical bone properties are identified using the Successive Response Surface Methodology in the ranges reported in the literature. The objective function is defined based on the impact force data recorded during a three-point bending test and its corresponding numerical simulations. The polynomial meta-models implemented in LS-Opt converge at close values of the material parameters suggesting good performance of the heuristic design search in the current identification problem. The femoral tolerance at mid-shaft location is determined using a virtual test setup that applies combined axial –sagittal bending loading through an axial preload along the knee-hip line and a transversal impact load at the mid-shaft site along anterior-posterior or posterior-anterior directions. The femoral tolerance curves calculated based on external loads show sensitivity with respect to the impact direction of transversal load due to the initial curvature of the femur, but insignificant dependence on the material mode, or the failure criteria used for femoral cortical bone. In addition to suggesting a numerical approach that uses finite element simulations and optimization techniques to determine the injury tolerance of long bones, the results highlight the predominant role of the bending loading in a combined loading of the femur.
Diffusion tensor imaging in the study of language and aphasia

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an emerging research technique that is used to map and characterise white matter tracts in the healthy and damaged brain. Aims: The aim of this paper is to familiarise the readers with DTI while giving the tools to understand and evaluate recent developments in aphasia research that use DTI methodology. Main Contribution: Principles of DTI technology as well as its main caveats are described. An overview of studies that used DTI to explore the language system and aphasia is given. Future directions and the potential contribution of DTI to the understanding of aphasia diagnosis and recovery are highlighted. Conclusions: DTI is an emerging technology, increasingly being applied to further our understanding of aphasia and its recovery. So far it has contributed to our knowledge in four areas of research. In the area of brain anatomy it is used to redefine the borders between various parts of the cortex based on their structural connectivity, to acquire a more accurate map of the tracts connecting the various parts of the language system, and to measure hemispheric asymmetry. Future studies might be able to further our understanding of language anatomy and relate hemispheric asymmetry to recovery potential. Second, DTI can help in relating structure to function. So far many studies focused on repetition deficits and conduction aphasia. Future studies can explore the anatomy of other language deficits. Third, DTI has been used in the study of brain damage and recovery. Studies have documented the damage that occurs to white matter following stroke and other insults, and the spontaneous reorganisation that follows. In the future DTI might contribute to the debate about the role of the right hemisphere in recovery from aphasia. Lastly, in the area of aphasia rehabilitation there is great lack of data. The studies reviewed here have shown that rehabilitation potential is dependent on white matter integrity and that white matter changes can occur as a result of therapy. Future studies should further our understanding of the role of white matter integrity in recovery, therefore contributing to the question of why some patients show good recovery while others do not. Future studies should also try and map white matter changes that are associated with successful versus unsuccessful rehabilitation, and with different stages of recovery.
Circulating Transforming Growth Factor-&bgr; in Marfan Syndrome

Background— Marfan syndrome (MFS) is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene and dysregulation of transforming growth factor-&bgr; (TGF-&bgr;). Recent evidence suggests that losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 blocker that blunts TGF-&bgr; activation, may be an effective treatment for MFS. We hypothesized that dysregulation of TGF-&bgr; might be mirrored in circulating TGF-&bgr; concentrations. Methods and Results— Serum obtained from MFS mutant mice (Fbn1C1039G/+) treated with losartan was analyzed for circulating TGF-&bgr;1 concentrations and compared with those from placebo-treated and wild-type mice. Aortic root size was measured by echocardiography. Data were validated in patients with MFS and healthy individuals. In mice, circulating total TGF-&bgr;1 concentrations increased with age and were elevated in older untreated Fbn1C1039G/+ mice compared with wild-type mice (P=0.01; n=16; mean±SEM, 115±8 ng/mL versus n=17; mean±SEM, 92±4 ng/mL). Losartan-treated Fbn1C1039G/+ mice had lower total TGF-&bgr;1 concentrations compared with age-matched Fbn1C1039G/+ mice treated with placebo (P=0.01; n=18; 90±5 ng/mL), and circulating total TGF-&bgr;1 levels were indistinguishable from those of age-matched wild-type mice (P=0.8). Correlation was observed between circulating TGF-&bgr;1 levels and aortic root diameters in Fbn1C1039G/+ and wild-type mice (P=0.002). In humans, circulating total TGF-&bgr;1 concentrations were elevated in patients with MFS compared with control individuals (P<0.0001; n=53; 15±1.7 ng/mL versus n=74; 2.5±0.4 ng/mL). MFS patients treated with losartan (n=55) or &bgr;-blocker (n=80) showed significantly lower total TGF-&bgr;1 concentrations compared with untreated MFS patients (P≤0.05). Conclusions— Circulating TGF-&bgr;1 concentrations are elevated in MFS and decrease after administration of losartan, &bgr;-blocker therapy, or both and therefore might serve as a prognostic and therapeutic marker in MFS.
Perceived Parental Upbringing and the Materialism of Young Adults

The aim of the study was to determine whether the level and structure of young adults’ materialism varied depending on parental attitudes toward upbringing and whether a negative assessment of the family of origin’s material situation and a low level of meeting material needs in childhood contributed to the formation of materialistic attitudes. The sample comprised 453 individuals: 335 women (74%) and 118 men (26%). The results indicated that parental attitudes toward upbringing played an important role in forming materialistic orientations in young people. Materialism is associated with parental attitudes of rejection and over-protection. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to determine whether the level and structure of young adults’ materialism varied depending on their parents’ attitudes toward upbringing. The analysis revealed that groups with different perceptions of these parental attitudes viewed them solely within the scope of variables describing materialism as the importance of possessing and acquiring money to fulfill one’s main goals in life (that being the case for all its dimensions). The “traditional” understanding of materialism (and the most common one in specialist literature), that is, regarding the possession of material goods as a source of happiness and an indicator of success in life, was non-differentiating.
Achieving Harmony among Different Social Identities within the Self-Concept: The Consequences of Internalising a Group-Based Philosophy of Life

It can be hard for individuals to manage multiple group identities within their self-concept (e.g., being a Christian and a woman). We examine how the inter-identity fit between potentially conflicting identities can become more harmonious through a self-defining group philosophy for life. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that holistic group identities (based in group philosophies for life that prescribe the behavior of their members in any situation, such as religion) become more strongly related to other identities in the self-concept (e.g., gender) when they are strongly self-defining (i.e., devotedly applied to daily life). In three studies we investigated the inter-identity fit between individuals’ (highly holistic) religious identity and (less holistic) gender identity. Results provided converging support for our hypothesis across diverging methods (explicit questionnaires, more implicit associations, and a novel network analysis of group traits). We discuss the importance of understanding how some (i.e., holistic and self-defining) group identities may harmonize otherwise less harmonious group identities within one’s self-concept.
The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in bovine faecal, rumen and carcass samples at a commercial abattoir.

AIMS To determine the prevalence, serotype and antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella isolates in cattle and on carcasses at a commercial Irish abattoir. METHODS AND RESULTS Faecal, rumen and carcass samples were collected from a beef abattoir over a 12-month period and examined for the presence of Salmonella spp. Isolates were serotyped, phage typed (when serotype was found to be S. Typhimurium) and tested for susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics. Salmonella was isolated from 2% of faecal, 2% of rumen and 7.6% of carcass samples. Salmonella was most frequently isolated from samples taken during the period August to October. S. Dublin was isolated from 72% of positive samples. S. Agona and S. Typhimurium definitive type (DT)104 were each isolated from 14% of positive samples. All S. Typhimurium DT104 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphafurazole and tetracycline (ACSSuT). On occasion, from a single animal, the same serotype was isolated from more than one sample (i.e. faeces and rumen; faeces and carcass; rumen and carcass; faeces, rumen and carcass). CONCLUSIONS Salmonella is present in cattle at slaughter and on beef carcasses at an Irish abattoir, with a higher frequency of occurrence during the period August to October. Most isolates from the study are not commonly associated with human clinical infection, with the exception of S. Typhimurium DT104 (R-type ACSSuT). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides epidemiological data that is necessary for the understanding of beef as a source of human Salmonella infection.