Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“It can always happen”: The impact of urinary incontinence on elderly men and women

Objective. To determine the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) on the quality of life of the elderly in the general population and to identify factors with the greatest effect. Design. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of interview data. Setting. Patients from the nine family practices of the Nijmegen University Research Network. Subjects. Independently living patients aged 60 and over. Main outcome measures. All independently living patients aged 60 and over with uncomplicated UI were interviewed at home using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and open-ended questions. Results. In total, 56 men and 314 women were interviewed. A majority do not have such an impact. In the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) emotional well-being was most affected. Half to one-third of the patients felt nervous, embarrassed, or frustrated because of their incontinence. In the social domain “clothing” and “fear of odour” scored the highest impact. The most affected practical consequence in the IIQ was “going to places where you are not sure about the availability of a toilet” followed by “travelling longer than 20 minutes” and “entertainment”. Men reported higher impact scores than women, despite the fact that incontinence was less severe in men. The most important effect of incontinence reported in men was “being out of control” while most women considered “feeling impelled to take several precautions” to be the most important consequence of UI. Conclusion. UI affects nearly half of patients, particularly as regards their emotional well-being and in public activities. Men experienced more impact compared with women and experienced loss of control more often than women.
Discrimination of Transgenic Maize Kernel Using NIR Hyperspectral Imaging and Multivariate Data Analysis

There are possible environmental risks related to gene flow from genetically engineered organisms. It is important to find accurate, fast, and inexpensive methods to detect and monitor the presence of genetically modified (GM) organisms in crops and derived crop products. In the present study, GM maize kernels containing both cry1Ab/cry2Aj-G10evo proteins and their non-GM parents were examined by using hyperspectral imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) range (874.41–1733.91 nm) combined with chemometric data analysis. The hypercubes data were analyzed by applying principal component analysis (PCA) for exploratory purposes, and support vector machine (SVM) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) to build the discriminant models to class the GM maize kernels from their contrast. The results indicate that clear differences between GM and non-GM maize kernels can be easily visualized with a nondestructive determination method developed in this study, and excellent classification could be achieved, with calculation and prediction accuracy of almost 100%. This study also demonstrates that SVM and PLS–DA models can obtain good performance with 54 wavelengths, selected by the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling method (CARS), making the classification processing for online application more rapid. Finally, GM maize kernels were visually identified on the prediction maps by predicting the features of each pixel on individual hyperspectral images. It was concluded that hyperspectral imaging together with chemometric data analysis is a promising technique to identify GM maize kernels, since it overcomes some disadvantages of the traditional analytical methods, such as complex and monotonous sampling.
A 4-bar mechanism based for knee assist robotic exoskeleton using singular configuration

Recent progress in wearable exoskeleton robotics results from various needs of an aging society. This would spawn a vulnerable workforce in industry sectors to the near future. Thus, for the application to the industrial field, this work proposes an assistive robotic exoskeleton attached to the calf and thigh of the human leg to totally support a worker's body weight in stand-to-sit with the various seated positions. For this, in this work, a four-bar mechanism based various combinations of passive and active actuators are investigated. Finally the proposed system is composed of one rotary actuator and linear spring based on a four-bar mechanism, considering the high power efficiency for the weight and the mechanical solution to the backdrivability problem of a geared drive. From the extensive simulations, the basic actuation mechanism of the proposed assistive device is confirmed. Then it is verified from experimental results that the robotic exoskeleton can be used to aid who weighs maximum 85 kg in the arbitrary seated position and is actuated with nearly zero current consumption in the walking.
Extractive document summarization based on convolutional neural networks

Extractive summarization aims to generate a summary by ranking sentences, whose performance relies heavily on the quality of sentence features. In this paper, a document summarization framework based on convolutional neural networks is successfully developed to learn sentence features and perform sentence ranking jointly. We adapt the original CNN model to address a regression process for sentence ranking. Pre-trained word vectors are used to enhance the performance of our model. We evaluate our proposed method on the DUC 2002 and 2004 datasets covering single and multi-document summarization tasks respectively. The proposed system achieves competitive or even better performance compared with state-of-the-art document summarization systems.
δ13C is a signature of light availability and photosynthesis in seagrass

We explored the role of light‐saturated (carbon‐limited) photosynthesis on δ13C of turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Kö;nig) populations from the clear, blue waters of the Great Bahama Bank and the turbid, green waters of Florida Bay using field observations and radiative transfer models. Consistent with numerous previous observations, leaf δ13C decreased significantly with water depth in both regions. However the δ13C for Bahamas turtlegrass was 3‰ heavier than that for Florida Bay turtlegrass at equivalent depths, and broadband irradiance explained even less of the δ13C variations than depth. Instead, leaf δ13C showed a stronger relationship to the fraction of the day that photosynthesis of the intact plant canopy was carbon‐limited. When the Bahamas and Florida Bay δ13C values were related to the fraction of the day that photosynthesis was carbon‐limited, the variations in leaf δ13C observed for Florida and Bahamas populations collapsed into a single relationship that explained 65% of the variation in leaf δ13C. Consequently, turtlegrass from the Bahamas was isotopically heavier than Florida Bay populations growing at equivalent depths because they were more carbon‐limited ( = light‐saturated) for a larger fraction of the day. The ability to predict turtlegrass δ13C from the daily period of carbon‐limited photosynthesis provides a mechanistic link to fundamental relationships between light and photosynthesis that can transcend geographic differences in depth and water‐column optical properties, and may permit leaf δ13C to provide a robust indicator of recent photosynthetic performance and plant survival in response to changing environmental conditions.
Occupational health care return-to-work practices for workers with job burnout

Abstract Background: Occupational health care supports return to work in cases of burnout; however, there is little research on return-to-work practices. Aim: To describe occupational health care return-to-work practices for workers with burnout and to identify potential for the development of the practices. Methods: Open-ended interviews and essays were used to collect data from 25 occupational health care professionals. A qualitative content analysis method was used. Results: Occupational health care was involved in the return-to-work support in the off-work, work re-entry and maintenance phases during the return-to-work process. However, occupational health care had no influence in the advancement phase. The key return-to-work actions were: (i) defining burnout, (ii) supporting disengagement from work, (iii) supporting recovery, (iv) determining the return-to-work goal, (v) supporting re-engagement with work, (vi) monitoring the job–person match, (vii) re-evaluating the return-to-work goal, (viii) supporting the maintenance of the achieved return-to-work goal, and, where appropriate, (ix) supporting an alternative return-to-work goal. There were varied return-to-work practices among the occupational health care centers evaluated. Conclusions: The occupational health care return-to-work practices for workers with burnout are described with recommendations to further develop common practice guidelines.
Heat Induction of Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I in the Symbiotic Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium1

Cyclic electron flow is accelerated under heat stress in Symbiodinium to promote photoprotective thermal energy dissipation. Increases in seawater temperature impair photosynthesis (photoinhibition) in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium within cnidarian hosts, such as corals and sea anemones, and may destroy their symbiotic relationship. Although the degree of photoinhibition in Symbiodinium under heat stress differs among strains, the differences in their responses to increased temperatures, including cyclic electron flow (CEF), which sustains photoprotective thermal energy dissipation, have not been investigated. Here, we examined CEF in cultured Symbiodinium cells or those in an endosymbiotic relationship within a cnidarian host. The light-dependent reduction of the primary electron donor photosystem I, i.e. P700+, was enhanced in any Symbiodinium cell by increasing temperatures, indicating CEF was induced by heat, which was accompanied by thermal energy dissipation activation. The critical temperatures for inducing CEF were different among Symbiodinium strains. The clade A strains with greater susceptibility to photoinhibition, OTcH-1 and Y106, exhibited higher CEF activities under moderate heat stress than a more phototolerant clade B strain Mf1.05b, suggesting that the observed CEF induction was not a preventive measure but a stress response in Symbiodinium.
Symmetrie and Asymmetrie Nuclear Matter in the Thomas-Fermi Model at Finite Temperatures

Abstract The properties of warm symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter are investigated in the frame of the Thomas-Fermi approximation using a recent modern parameterization of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction of Myers and Świątecki. Special attention is paid to the liquid-gas phase transition, which is of special interest in modern nuclear physics. We have determined the critical temperature, critical density and the so-called flash temperature. Furthermore, the equation of state for cold neutron star matter is calculated.
Characterization and modeling of the effective electrical conductivity of a carbon nanotube/polymer composite containing chain-structured ferromagnetic particles

The effective electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composites with chain-structured ferromagnetic particles has been investigated by experiments and micromechanics-based modeling. A multi-scale modeling approach is used to consider different size of fillers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and particles as well as their distribution in the matrix. At nanoscale, for multi-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composite, eight-chain model and influence of waviness of multi-walled carbon nanotube are considered to render an effective electrical conductivity. At microscale, ferromagnetic particles are aligned in the matrix made of the multi-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composite, and an analytical model is established based on representative volume element. The influence of inter-particle distance is evaluated. The proposed analytic results agree well with the experimental results. The present model can be a useful tool for design and analysis of these composites for sensing applications considering their percolation threshold and overall electrical conductivity.
Farmer perceptions of soil quality and their relationship to management-sensitive soil parameters

Abstract A critical step in the quantification of soil quality (SQ) is the selection of SQ benchmarks. The benchmarks used in this study were SQ ratings made by 32 farmer collaborators representing a range of farming systems, scales of operation and geographic locations in the Mid-Atlantic region of USA. Soils from 45 pairs of sites identified by their farmers as having good and poor SQ were sampled over three seasons and analyzed for 19 soil parameters. Farmer judgments of SQ were based on many factors, most commonly soil organic matter, crop performance, soil water availability and erosion history. Selected individual soil parameters were normalized and integrated into an additive SQ index (SQI). Three additional indices were developed using discriminant analysis. The level of agreement between individual parameters, SQIs and farmer SQ ratings was evaluated using paired t-tests and mean percent difference values. The additive SQI was found to have the highest level of agreement with farmer SQ ratings (P<0.0001), demonstrating that a linear combination of soil parameters can be assembled that is more in agreement with holistic SQ criteria, such as farmer SQ ratings, than individual soil parameters. Extractable C from microwave (MW) sterilized soil (a measure of microbial biomass) was the individual parameter that best agreed with farmer SQ ratings (P<0.0001). Five additional soil C parameters, as well as aggregate stability, also agreed well with farmer SQ ratings (all P values <0.0005). The three parameters with the highest ratio of mean percent difference to coefficient of variation (an indication of parameter reliability) were extractable C from MW sterilized soil, anthrone reactive C and macroaggregate stability (14.2, 7.7 and 3.7, respectively). Mineral fertility parameters (pH, Ca, Ca:Mg ratio, P and K) were not significantly related to farmer SQ ratings (P values >0.05). The strong relationships observed between soil C parameters, soil structural parameters and farmer SQ ratings suggest that efforts to improve SQ in the study region should focus on monitoring and enhancement of soil C and soil structure.
Imbalance properties of centre‐stratified permuted‐block and complete randomisation for several treatments in a clinical trial

Randomisation schemes are rules that assign patients to treatments in a clinical trial. Many of these schemes have the common aim of maintaining balance in the numbers of patients across treatment groups. The properties of imbalance that have been investigated in the literature are based on two treatment groups. In this paper, their properties for K > 2 treatments are studied for two randomisation schemes: centre‐stratified permuted‐block and complete randomisation. For both randomisation schemes, analytical approaches are investigated assuming that the patient recruitment process follows a Poisson–gamma model. When the number of centres involved in a trial is large, the imbalance for both schemes is approximated by a multivariate normal distribution. The accuracy of the approximations is assessed by simulation. A test for treatment differences is also considered for normal responses, and numerical values for its power are presented for centre‐stratified permuted‐block randomisation. To speed up the calculations, a combined analytical/approximate approach is used. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing Classroom Learning Experience by Providing Structures to Microblogging-based Activities

Microblogging tools such as Twitter have been frequently adopted in educational settings to facilitate learning in recent years. Although the original purpose of microblogging tools is to connect with others in a wide network and instantly share what is happening to them with the rest of the world, educators have vigorously attempted to repurpose the utilization of the tool and integrate it into various educational settings to promote student learning.
Dynamic model of three wheeled Narrow Tilting Vehicle and optimal tilt controller design

The traffic congestion is growing in urban area these days. This is because the number of the automobiles is increasing rapidly. To solve this problem, there are many solutions. One of them is to increase the flow rate of a particular traffic artery. A converse approach to increase the flow rate is to make the vehicle smaller and narrower. We developed a new conceptual Narrow Tilting Vehicle (NTV) that has one front wheel and two rear wheels. Also, it is very narrow and all three wheels can tilt to improve the stability during turning. In this paper, we derive a new switching dynamical model of NTV. This model considers several NTV states including normal running, temporary running with one rear wheel not on the ground and totally falling down. Based on this model, a simulation platform is established, which is useful to test different control methods and to investigate dangerous driving situations in case hurt drivers in real experiments. The effectiveness of proposed dynamical model is verified through comparison study of simulations and corresponding experiments.
Logical characterization of weighted pebble walking automata

Weighted automata are a conservative quantitative extension of finite automata that enjoys applications, e.g., in language processing and speech recognition. Their expressive power, however, appears to be limited, especially when they are applied to more general structures than words, such as graphs. To address this drawback, weighted automata have recently been generalized to weighted pebble walking automata, which proved useful as a tool for the specification and evaluation of quantitative properties over words and nested words. In this paper, we establish the expressive power of weighted pebble walking automata in terms of transitive closure logic, lifting a similar result by Engelfriet and Hoogeboom from the Boolean case to a quantitative setting. This result applies to general classes of graphs, including all the aforementioned classes.
Extinction risk and bottlenecks in the conservation of charismatic marine species

The oceans face a biodiversity crisis, but the degree and scale of extinction risk remains poorly characterized. Charismatic species are most likely to garner greatest support for conservation and thus provide a best‐case scenario of the status of marine biodiversity. We summarize extinction risk and diagnose impediments to successful conservation for 1,568 species in 16 families of marine animals in the movie Finding Nemo. Sixteen percent (12–34%) of those that have been evaluated are threatened, ranging from 9% (7–28%) of bony fishes to 100% (83–100%) of marine turtles. A lack of scientific knowledge impedes analysis of threat status for invertebrates, which have 1,000 times fewer conservation papers than do turtles. Legal protection is severely deficient for sharks and rays; only 8% of threatened species in our analysis are protected. Extinction risk among wide‐ranging taxa is higher than most terrestrial groups, suggesting a different conservation focus is required in the sea.
Comparative anatomy of stems and leaves of plectranthus L. (Lamiaceae) in Saudi Arabia and systematic implications

A comparative anatomical study of the Plectranthus species growing in Saudi Arabia by using light microscopy method in order to evaluate their diagnostic value for systematic studies. Macro‐ and micromorphological characters, including stem, leaf, petiole anatomical, and trichome structures are presented. Descriptions of stem shape in cross‐section, epidermal cell shape, cortex, pith, vascular bundles, leaf shape in cross‐section, mesophyll, types and distribution of trichomes are presented. Taxonomic phylogenetic implications of stem, leaf, and trichomes anatomical micromorphology are also discussed in comparison with the available gross morphological and molecular data. Results of the present study offer useful data for evaluating the taxonomy of Plectranthus both at subgeneric and sectional levels. Moreover, our results indicate some degree of similarity among the species of subgenus Germanea and support the monophyly of this subgenus. A remarkable result from this study was identifying P. arabicus with distinctive characters and suggesting that it should be treated as a separate subgenus. Likewise, distinguishing differences between closely related endemic species P. asirensis and P. hijazensis are offered, and should be conserved as a different subgenus. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on studied characters is provided. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:583–594, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A note on the knot Floer homology of fibered knots

We prove that the knot Floer homology of a fibered knot is nontrivial in its next-to-top Alexander grading. Immediate applications include new proofs of Krcatovich's result that knots with $L$-space surgeries are prime and Hedden and Watson's result that the rank of knot Floer homology detects the trefoil among knots in the 3--sphere. We also generalize the latter result, proving a similar theorem for nullhomologous knots in any 3--manifold. We note that our method of proof inspired Baldwin and Sivek's recent proof that Khovanov homology detects the trefoils. As part of this work, we also introduce a numerical refinement of the Ozsv\'ath-Szab\'o contact invariant. This refinement was the inspiration for Hubbard and Saltz's annular refinement of Plamenevskaya's transverse link invariant in Khovanov homology.
Improved Neural Machine Translation with a Syntax-Aware Encoder and Decoder

Most neural machine translation (NMT) models are based on the sequential encoder-decoder framework, which makes no use of syntactic information. In this paper, we improve this model by explicitly incorporating source-side syntactic trees. More specifically, we propose (1) a bidirectional tree encoder which learns both sequential and tree structured representations; (2) a tree-coverage model that lets the attention depend on the source-side syntax. Experiments on Chinese-English translation demonstrate that our proposed models outperform the sequential attentional model as well as a stronger baseline with a bottom-up tree encoder and word coverage.
Bioinformatics Applications Note Genetics and Population Analysis Popoolation2: Identifying Differentiation between Populations Using Sequencing of Pooled Dna Samples (pool-seq)

Sequencing pooled DNA samples (Pool-Seq) is the most cost-effective approach for the genome-wide comparison of population samples. Here, we introduce PoPoolation2, the first software tool specifically designed for the comparison of populations with Pool-Seq data. PoPoolation2 implements a range of commonly used measures of differentiation (F ST , Fisher's exact test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test) that can be applied on different scales (windows, genes, exons, SNPs). The result may be visualized with the widely used Integrated Genomics Viewer.