Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Chinese Women Younger Than 30 Years and 30 Years or Older and Correlated Biochemical Indices.

Importance Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is considered an important marker of ovarian reserve; however, the exact function of AMH has yet to be determined. Objective Our purpose was to investigate factors correlated with AMH levels in Chinese women. Evidence Acquisition Healthy women were divided into 2 groups: aged younger than 30 years and 30 years or older. Anti-müllerian hormone levels and biochemical indices were compared between the groups. Results Eighty women younger than 30 and 29 women 30 years or older were included. The mean AMH level in women younger than 30 years was 8.2 ± 4.4 ng/mL (range, 0.1-17.2 ng/mL), and in those 30 years or older was 5.2 ± 4.3 ng/mL (range, 0.1-13.3 ng/mL). Half of women younger than 30 years had an AMH level above a median of 8.0 ng/mL (interquartile range, 4.9-11.2 ng/mL), whereas the median in those 30 years or older was 4.6 ng/mL (interquartile range, 1.3-8.5 ng/mL). In women younger than 30 years, calcium was positively correlated (P = 0.014) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was negatively correlated with AMH (P < 0.001). No correlations of calcium and SHBG with AMH were found in women 30 years or older, but a positive correlation between triglycerides and testosterone and AMH was noted (P = 0.020 and P = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions and Relevance Anti-müllerian hormone levels are positively or negatively correlated with testosterone, calcium, SHBG, and triglycerides in Chinese women.
Asymmetry and Defense in Self-Comparison: Differential Reactions to Feedback About the Rejected and Ideal Selves

This research extended Eisenstadt and Leippe's (1994) self-comparison model by examining acceptance and rejection of self-discrepant feedback and the consequences for the broader self-concept. According to the model, individuals should be more vulnerable to low-importance feedback. College students received bogus feedback about an important or unimportant, ideal or rejected trait, and rated the self-descriptiveness of that and other traits. Participants evinced greater and faster resistance to high-importance (vs. low-importance) feedback. Participants were especially susceptible to unimportant rejected feedback, but compensated by increasing the positivity of ratings on non-feedback traits. In contrast, participants resisted important rejected feedback, but evinced deflated positivity on other traits. Judgments were asymmetrical: Rejected feedback and nonfeedback traits were judged as less self-descriptive and were rated more quickly than actual or ideal traits, suggestive of defensive avoidance.
Positive Illusions in Parenting: Every Child Is Above Average

This study examined the paradox between the difficulties of parenting and the high levels of parenting satisfaction in terms of positive illusions. Results were consistent with a positive illusions model, as biological parents with a child between the ages of 2 and 5 reported unrealistically positive views of their children. They rated their own children as possessing more positive and less negative attributes than the average child. The more positively parents rated themselves, the more positively they rated their children. Parents' self-esteem scores, unrealistically positive ratings of the child, and positive illusions of parenting were related to 3 aspects of the parenting experience. This study extends the literature on positive illusions to encompass parents' positive illusions about their young children.
Quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of disability and lifetime depressive spectrum symptomatology.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of disability and lifetime subthreshold depressive symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Ninety-two subjects with a diagnosis of RA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were recruited at the Department of Rheumatology of the University Hospital, Pisa, Italy. Participants who met DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for current or previous Axis I disorders were excluded. Assessments of functional status and disability was conducted using both the ACR classification and the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Health-related Quality of Life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 health survey questionnaire (MOS-SF36) and lifetime depressive spectrum symptomatology using the Mood Spectrum Questionnaire, Self-Report version (MOODS-SR). RESULTS Comparison with MOS-SF36 Italian normative values indicated that RA patients were significantly impaired on mental and physical HRQoL areas. Correlations between MOODS-SR depressive scores and ACR severity (Spearman rho = 0.15, p = 0.07) and HAQ score (Spearman rho = 0.20, p = 0.05) were modest in absolute value and borderline significant. Lifetime mood depressive spectrum was related with impaired HRQoL levels, both in physical (except for bodily pain) and mental (except for social functioning) domains. Associations of mood depressive spectrum and general health, vitality, role emotional and mental health continued to be significant after controlling for functional status, duration of illness, age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Because lifetime mood depressive symptoms significantly contribute to impairment in HRQoL in RA patients without a past psychiatric history, even after controlling for functional status, duration of illness and demographic characteristics, these symptoms should be assessed for an accurate clinical evaluation and appropriate clinical management of RA patients.
An Observer-Based Psychoacoustic Procedure for Use with Young Infants.

This article describes an observer-based technique for assessing auditory capacities of infants from 3 to 12 months of age. This technique, referred to as the Observer-based Psychoacoustic Procedure (OPP), combines features of the Forced-choice Preferential Looking technique developed by Teller (1979) and of Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (Moore; Thompson, & Thompson, 1975). The rationale behind the procedure and the specific techniques used in its application are detailed here. Psychometric functions and thresholds for pure-tone detection and frequency discrimination obtained with OPP are also presented. The results for 6-month-olds are compared with results from previous studies employing a visually reinforced head-turn procedure.
Changes in Gait and Texting Ability During Progressively Difficult Gait Tasks

To investigate the effects of a cell phone texting task on an individual’s ability to perform three ambulation-based tasks, each with different and progressively more difficult demands. 36 participants (24 male/12 female, average age 23.4) performed: a Timed Up & Go (TUG), stair ambulation (STAIR), and tandem gait (TAN). Participants completed each gait-based task under four conditions: as a practice, while holding their cellular device (baseline), while texting a message, and while reading a message. Statistically significant differences were found within the following variables: 1) mean time to complete a gait task increased through the conditions (Baseline, Texting, Reading), 2) mean number of gait deviations increased while texting during TAN condition in comparison to baseline, 3) mean characters per second became less only in the STAIR task, 4) mean number of texting errors per second increased only in the TAN task. The reduction of gait speed, from baseline to texting, were similar to each other (average 2.46 sec) despite the difficulty of the task (TUG, STAIR, TAN). Results of this study reaffirm that texting while walking produces slower gait. However, the degree that gait slows does not appear proportional to the level of difficulty of gait task. Comparatively, more challenging gait tasks resulted in increases in both path deviations, texting errors and decreases texting speed. These findings suggest that increased dual-task demands result in decreased efficiency in both texting and walking performance.
Men and Marriage Promotion: Who Marries Unwed Mothers?

This study expands upon current debates about marriage promotion by refocusing attention on men. The 2002 National Survey of Family Growth provides the first comprehensive data on detailed fertility and marital histories for men of reproductive age. These data are used to address the straightforward but neglected question of who typically marries unwed mothers. Analyses show that over 80 percent of men will marry by midlife but that men’s prior fertility, marital, and economic histories are critically linked to when and with whom they eventually form married families. Unwed fathers and those with few economic resources are more likely than other men to marry unwed mothers. The study provides a point of departure for understanding men’s marriages to low‐income, unwed mothers and for identifying a major barrier to policies that encourage marriage among the poor.
Newell's list

Newell wanted a theory of cognition to abide by some explicit criteria, here called the Newell Test. The test differs from the Turing Test because it is explicit. The Newell Test will include the Turing Test if its characterization of cognition is complete. It is not. Its use here is open-ended: A system that does not pass it well invites improvement.
Ideologies and utopias: education professionals' views of inclusion

The paper addresses the contrast between different elements in thinking about the appropriate educational placement for children with special educational needs. In particular, it is concerned with the tension between the widespread expressions of support for the principle of inclusion and a continuing level of support for separate special school provision. Evidence from interviews with education officers and headteachers of both special and mainstream schools in the UK demonstrates the support for inclusion as an ideal but also the relatively limited influence of such an ideal on education policy. Considerable reservations were expressed about the feasibility of inclusion, based on the types and severity of children's difficulties and the capacity of mainstream schools to meet them. Contrasting with support for inclusion was a set of views which stressed the primacy of meeting children's individual needs as overriding an ideological commitment to inclusionist ideals. Themes within utopian thinking, in particular, the distinction between hope and desire and the different functions which can be served by utopian ideals, are used to explore tensions and contradictions in the interview responses and in educational thinking more generally.
A Status Report of Teacher Education Program Evaluation

The status of the nature and extent of program evaluation of teacher education preparation programs has been for the most part unknown and, we believe, therefore misinterpreted. For example, Smith (1979) and Katz, Raths, Mohanty, Kurachi, and Irving (198 1) both found, based on ERIC searches, that there were few published reports describing institutions’ program evaluation efforts and consequent outcomes. Given the general lack of information available in the professional education literature regarding teacher education program evaluation, a survey was conducted to determine the current state of preservice and follow-up evaluation practice in teacher education. The results of that survey are reported and interpreted in this paper.
Gradient Methods for Stackelberg Games

Stackelberg games are two-stage games in which the first player (called the leader) commits to a strategy, after which the other player (the follower) selects a best-response. These types of games have seen numerous practical application in security settings, where the leader (in this case, a defender) must allocate resources to protect various targets. Real world applications include the scheduling of US federal air marshals to international flights, and resource allocation at LAX airport. However, the best known algorithm for solving general Stackelberg games requires solving Integer Programs, and fails to scale beyond a few (significantly smaller than 100) number of leader actions, or follower types. In this paper, we present a new gradient-based approach for solving large Stackelberg games in security settings. Large-scale control problems are often solved by restricting the controller to a rich parameterized class of policies; the optimal control can then be computed using Monte Carlo gradient methods. We demonstrate that the same approach can be taken in a strategic setting. We evaluate our approach empirically, demonstrating that it can have negligible regret against the leader's true equilibrium strategy, while scaling to large games.
Global Value Chains and Changing Trade Elasticities 1

The trade collapse of 2008-2009 and the anemic trade growth since then raise the question of whether trade elasticities may be undergoing fundamental structural change. A potential source of such change is the spread of global value chains (GVCs), which have brought a marked increase in the use of intermediate goods and changes in the nature of trade competition. We review the recent literature on the impact of GVCs on measured trade elasticities and the ways in which their emergence may affect how we estimate and interpret trade responsiveness. We then draw out a few implications of recent research for global modeling. JEL codes: C5, F14, F23
Auditory evoked potentials as probes of hemispheric differences in cognitive processing.

The amplitude of auditory evoked potentials recorded from the cerebral hemispheres to pairs of task-irrelevant tones was related to differential hemispheric engagement in ongoing cognitive activity (for example, verbal versus musical). The hemisphere hypothesized to be most engaged in the ongoing cognitive task, as compared to the unengaged hemisphere, produced a greater potential difference between the temporal and reference electrode to the second of the tone pairs. These findings are related to "fast habituation" and "recovery cycle. ".
Working without a net: Time, performance, and turnover under maximally contingent rewards

Researchers examined the performance-turnover relationship under conditions of varying reward contingency with 189 sales representatives who earned base pay plus commission (moderately contingent rewards) during their first 2 months of work and commission-only pay (maximally contingent rewards) thereafter. As predicted by an expanded version of the contingent rewards hypothesis, the performance-turnover relationship was stronger under maximally contingent rewards, higher than any reported in the literature. Using event history analyses, the researchers also showed that current (time-dependent) performance affords a better prediction of turnover than average (time-stationary) performance. Performance velocity (slope overtime) had a further, unique effect on turnover risk. The implications of these findings for future studies of the employee turnover process and pay systems were discussed.
Cat and dog allergen in mattresses and textile‐covered floors of homes which do or do not have pets, either in the past or currently

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of cat and dog allergen in homes of families that had either never kept pets or kept or had kept cats or dogs. From a small residential area outside Stockholm consisting of 250 houses with similar exteriors 70 homes were included. Dust samples were collected from mattresses and textile‐covered floors. The levels of cat and dog allergen were analysed by ELISA. Fel dl was found in mattress dust in all 70 homes, median 0.5 μg/g [0.24–8.89 μg/g (quartiles)] and textile‐covered floors 0.7 μg/g (0.20–2.52 μg/g). Can fl, was found in 98% of the collected samples, mattress dust 1. 89μg/g (0.70–9.20 μg/g) and textile‐covered floor dust 2.5 μg/g (1.04–2.72 μg/g). There was a positive correlation (p < 0.001) between allergen levels in dust from mattresses and textile‐covered floors for both Fel dl(r = 0.68) and Can fl (r = 0.78). The highest levels of cat and dog allergen were found in homes with furred pets (p < 0.001). A significant (p < 0.001) difference was seen in the levels of Fel dl and Can f 1 between the homes of former pet‐owners and homes without pets. In summary; cat and dog allergens are present in homes regardless of whether such animals live in the house or not. Mattresses seem to be an underestimated reservoir for pet allergens even in homes without pets. It is important to note that the homes of former pet owners have much lower levels of allergen than current pet owners.
Antihypertensive drugs and risk of incident gout among patients with hypertension: population based case-control study

Objective To determine the independent associations of antihypertensive drugs with the risk of incident gout among people with hypertension. Design Nested case-control study. Setting UK general practice database, 2000-7. Participants All incident cases of gout (n=24 768) among adults aged 20-79 and a random sample of 50 000 matched controls. Main outcome measure Relative risk of incident gout associated with use of antihypertensive drugs. Results After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, visits to the general practitioner, alcohol intake, and pertinent drugs and comorbidities, the multivariate relative risks of incident gout associated with current use of antihypertensive drugs among those with hypertension (n=29 138) were 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.93) for calcium channel blockers, 0.81 (0.70 to 0.94) for losartan, 2.36 (2.21 to 2.52) for diuretics, 1.48 (1.40 to 1.57) for β blockers, 1.24 (1.17 to 1.32) for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and 1.29 (1.16 to 1.43) for non-losartan angiotensin II receptor blockers. Similar results were obtained among those without hypertension. The multivariate relative risks for the duration of use of calcium channel blockers among those with hypertension were 1.02 for less than one year, 0.88 for 1-1.9 years, and 0.75 for two or more years and for use of losartan they were 0.98, 0.87, and 0.71, respectively (both P<0.05 for trend). Conclusions Compatible with their urate lowering properties, calcium channel blockers and losartan are associated with a lower risk of incident gout among people with hypertension. By contrast, diuretics, β blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and non-losartan angiotensin II receptor blockers are associated with an increased risk of gout.
Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Maxillomandibular Advancement for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term clinical effectiveness and safety of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) for the treatment of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS A prospective two-center cohort study design was used to evaluate OSA patients who underwent MMA > 2 years ago. The primary outcome measure was the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Secondary outcome measures included blood pressure (BP), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), and quality of life (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire [FOSQ]). RESULTS 30 adult patients (80% men, age 50.5 ± 9.6 years [mean ± SD]) participated in the study. The AHI decreased from a mean of 49 to 10.9 events/h (p < 0.0001) at the time of long-term evaluation (6.6 ± 2.8 years after MMA), with 46.7% of patients obtaining an AHI < 5 and 83.4% of patients attaining an AHI ≤ 15 events/h. The mean diastolic BP decreased from 83.7 to 79.0 mm Hg (p < 0.05). ESS decreased from a mean of 12.1 to 6.0 (p < 0.01). FOSQ increased from a mean of 12.6 to 17.3 (p < 0.05). Few long-term treatment-related adverse events occurred, which had minimal impact on quality of life (QOL). CONCLUSIONS MMA is a clinically effective and safe long-term treatment for most patients with moderate-to-severe OSA as demonstrated by significant decreases in AHI, diastolic BP, and subjective sleepiness, with concomitant significant improvements in QOL. The results of this small cohort study suggest that MMA should be considered as the alternative treatment of choice for patients with severe OSA who cannot fully adhere to CPAP therapy.
Longitudinal Pathways From Math Intrinsic Motivation and Achievement to Math Course Accomplishments and Educational Attainment

Abstract Across 20 years, pathways from math intrinsic motivation and achievement (ages 9–17) to high school math course accomplishments and educational attainment (age 29) were analyzed. Academic intrinsic motivation was the theoretical foundation. To determine how initial status and change in motivation and achievement related to course accomplishments and educational attainment, a latent curve model was fit to data from the Fullerton Longitudinal Study. Levels of motivation and achievement at 9 had positive, direct, and mutually indirect paths to course accomplishments. Dual declines in motivation and achievement related to course accomplishments, directly for achievement, and indirectly for motivation via achievement. Greater decline corresponded to fewer course accomplishments which in turn predicted, and served as a mediator to educational attainment. Implications are discussed.
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Notes on Early Positive Psychology (Psychofortology)

Psychofortology is an alternative designation for positive psychology, and fortology (Latin fortis = strong) an antonym for pathology. The strengths paradigm has ancient origins. In this article brief reviews are presented of contributions made during the first eight decades of the twentieth century by mainly psychologists and psychiatrists. Among the most outstanding were James, Jung, Allport, Murray, Rogers, Frankl, Maslow, Csikszentmihalyi and Antonovsky; in all, some 40 forerunners are mentioned. By way of integration, their concepts are classified in terms of J. M. Digman's (1997) higher order personality factors a (socialisation process) and β (personal growth), as well as spirituality/religiousness. A preponderance of the personal growth category was noticeable, particularly from the late 1950s until the early 1970s. The relative neglect of socialisation and interdependencies deserves to be remedied in fortological theory and research.
The Good Lives Model and therapeutic environments in forensic settings

Purpose – There is increasing interest in applying strength-based approaches to offender rehabilitation. The purpose of this paper is to use the Good Lives Model (GLM) as an example to illustrate the fit that exists between strength-based approaches to offender rehabilitation and therapeutic communities. Design/methodology/approach – The authors briefly describe the GLM before discussing the key themes that link the two perspectives; the authors argue they naturally fit together in a number of areas. Findings – Both perspectives emphasise the importance of creating a safe and trusting therapeutic environment in which capacities (e.g. skills) can be developed that assist individuals to go on to live lives which are personally meaningful, and in which all their needs are met, enabling them to live offence free. Both also place importance on the role of personal responsibility. Originality/value – The authors conclude the GLM could usefully contribute to improving outcomes for those transitioning into the co.
Reshaping Fatherhood: The Social Construction of Shared Parenting

PART ONE: BACKGROUND Introduction Academic Discourses Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Fatherhood PART TWO: MEANING-MAKING Diversity of Styles in Sharing Parenting Diversity of Paths What Influenced Men and Women To Move toward Shared Parenting Guiding Light Foundations for Sharing Parenting Tag-Team Parenting and the Mechanisms of Sharing Parenting The Dance of Father Involvement Men's and Women's Connected Experiences Sharing Parenting and the Reciprocal Revisioning of Both Fatherhood and Motherhood PART THREE: RELEXIVE COMMENTARY Reshaping Parenthood Possibilities to Inform Alternative Discourse Revisioning Dominant Discourses and Final Reflections Implications of Taking a Different View