Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Difference Between Published and Unpublished Effect Sizes

Practitioners and policymakers rely on meta-analyses to inform decision making around the allocation of resources to individuals and organizations. It is therefore paramount to consider the validity of these results. A well-documented threat to the validity of research synthesis results is the presence of publication bias, a phenomenon where studies with large and/or statistically significant effects, relative to studies with small or null effects, are more likely to be published. We investigated this phenomenon empirically by reviewing meta-analyses published in top-tier journals between 1986 and 2013 that quantified the difference between effect sizes from published and unpublished research. We reviewed 383 meta-analyses of which 81 had sufficient information to calculate an effect size. Results indicated that published studies yielded larger effect sizes than those from unpublished studies ( d ¯ = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [0.10, 0.25]). Moderator analyses revealed that the difference was larger in meta-analyses that included a wide range of unpublished literature. We conclude that intervention researchers require continued support to publish null findings and that meta-analyses should include unpublished studies to mitigate the potential bias from publication status.
EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EPITHELIAL RETICULAR CELL AND WHOLE ORGAN THYMUS GRAFTS IN NEONATALLY THYMECTOMIZED MICE

Neonatally thymectomized mice were implanted with thymus grafts composed of epithelial reticular cells for periods of 7 and 14 days. Regardless of whether the grafts were placed immediately after thymectomy, or at 3 wk of age, there was little recovery of the lymphocyte depletion and impaired immunologic responsiveness, characteristically found in a neonatally thymectomized host. The findings were similar in animals studied at 2 months or 2 wk after graft removal. Many of the short-term remnant grafts were populated with lymphocytes and had attained the morphologic appearance of thymus by 14 days. A lesser degree of lymphocyte depletion and impaired responsiveness to SRBC occurred if thymectomy was delayed until 7 days of age, if remnant grafts were removed after 2 months, and if intact neonatal thymus was used for the short-term grafts. Complete normality was found in some of the animals in all of these groups. These observations suggest a direct role for mature thymus lymphocytes in reconstituting the neonatally thymectomized host and indicate that epithelial cell function is to direct the maturation of cells that ultimately behave as thymus lymphocytes.
Association between lumbopelvic pain, disability and sick leave during pregnancy – a comparison of three Scandinavian cohorts.

OBJECTIVE To explore the association between disability and sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain in pregnant women in 3 cohorts in Sweden and Norway and to explore possible factors of importance to sick leave. A further aim was to compare the prevalence of sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain. DESIGN/SUBJECTS Pregnant women (n = 898) from two cohorts in Sweden and one in Norway answered to questionnaires in gestational weeks 10–24; two of the cohorts additionally in weeks 28–38. METHODS Logistic regression models were performed with sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain as dependent factor. Disability, pain, age, parity, cohort, civilian status, and occupational classification were independents factors. RESULTS In gestational weeks 10–24 the regression model included 895 cases; 38 on sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain. Disability, pain and cohort affiliation were associated with sick leave. In weeks 28–38, disability, pain and occupation classification were the significant factors. The prevalence of lumbopelvic pain was higher in Norway than in Sweden (65%, vs 58% and 44%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Disability, pain intensity and occupation were associated to sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain. Yet, there were significant variations between associated factors among the cohorts, suggesting that other factors than workability and the social security system are also of importance.
ESTROUS CYCLE ALTERS NAPHTHALENE METABOLISM IN FEMALE MOUSE AIRWAYS

Previous studies have shown variability in naphthalene cytotoxicity, expression of CYP2F2 gene and protein, and naphthalene metabolism in random cycling female mice (NIH:Swiss). CYP2F2 metabolizes naphthalene to cytotoxic metabolites in lungs of mice. This study was designed to address the question: do hormonal changes associated with the estrous cycle alter metabolism of naphthalene in the lung? Adult virgin female mice were manipulated into defined stages of the reproductive cycle: estrus, proestrus, and noncycling. Cycling was confirmed by cytology on vaginal swabs. At specific cycle times, extrapulmonary (tracheal and bronchial) and intrapulmonary (bronchiolar) conducting airways were microdissected from the lung parenchyma and incubated with naphthalene, and the products of naphthalene metabolism were trapped and measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Circulating estradiol levels were measured at necropsy using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CYP2F2 gene expression was determined by airway level using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and did not vary by estrous cycle stage in intrapulmonary airways but did in extrapulmonary airways. Metabolism of naphthalene varied significantly by estrous cycle stage with the highest level of total metabolism occurring in proestrus (when estrogen is lowest) in intrapulmonary airways. Total activity and metabolite profiles in both extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways were affected by cycle stage. We conclude that the hormonal patterns associated with different stages of the estrous cycle 1) alter metabolism of naphthalene in the lungs of mice and 2) alter naphthalene metabolism differentially in extrapulmonary versus intrapulmonary airways.
REVERSAL OF FORTUNE: The Resurgence of Individual Risk Assessment in Criminal Justice

▪ Abstract During the 1970s, the enterprise of individual risk assessment in the criminal justice system came under sharp attack from a number of angles, including legal, political, and empirical. A particularly acute site of this controversy was the use of psychological expertise to make individual risk assessments of persons with mental illness who found themselves within the criminal justice system. Successful court challenges to the procedures under which such persons were held in custody as dangerous were followed by empirical research on those persons released. The result was something of a paradigm crisis in the use of individual risk assessment in criminal justice and growing calls for its abandonment. By the 1990s, however, risk assessment was becoming more important than ever to the criminal justice system. This resurgence reflected the political demand for strategies to prevent violent crime and led to significant investments in research and policy development. In the new paradigm of risk asses.
The perspectives of Singapore secondary school students with vision impairments towards their inclusion in mainstream education

Students with vision impairments in Singapore are educated in segregated settings from an early age. On completing primary school these students continue their education in mainstream secondary school settings. This transition requires considerable adjustment on the part of students with vision impairments. The present research explored the social and emotional needs of students with vision impairments in mainstream secondary schools in Singapore. Data were gathered from nine students through semi‐structured interviews and casual observations. Individuals were also asked to record their experiences using a diary. Four propositions were developed. One, students with vision impairments express a need to have their feelings and abilities acknowledged by significant others. Two, the initial experience of students with vision impairments is such that they have to make major adjustments to adjust to their new learning environment. Three, students with vision impairments state they benefit from receiving support.
Nearest-Neighbor Distributed Learning by Ordered Transmissions

The problem of distributed learning in wireless sensor networks is addressed, with the perspective of implementing nearest-neighbor (NN) regression in a decentralized way, with communication constraints. Elaborating on the ordered-transmission idea of Blum and Sadler , a universal channel access policy is designed that, without inter-sensor coordination, enables the fusion center to recover exactly the training-set labels it needs, while less informative labels are not delivered at all. Exploiting the aforementioned access policy, two different paradigms are then considered. In the first one, a constraint is imposed on the number of channel accesses, and a distributed regression algorithm is proposed reaching an asymptotic performance of twice the minimum achievable mean-squared error, while requiring just a single channel access. In the second one, a constraint is imposed on the number of quantization bits, and the focus is on devising consistent kn-NN regression rules. The noiseless case with quantized data is preliminarily addressed. Then, the role of the channel is explicitly taken into account, and a scheme with one-bit quantizers is proposed, reaching consistency over binary symmetric channels. Finally, it is argued that the inference task can be naturally suited to uncoded communications. Accordingly, two schemes are proposed, ensuring consistency over coherent and noncoherent channels, respectively; possible gains over the coded schemes are discussed.
The stability of job and family involvement: Applying the multi-wave, multi-variable technique to longitudinal data

The main aim of the study was to examine the stability of job and family involvement, applying multi-wave, multi-variable modelling within the framework of LISREL models. The abbreviated job and family involvement scales based on Kanungo's (1979, 1982) motivational model were examined on the basis of 3-year longitudinal data. The study was carried out by means of questionnaires, which were filled in by Finnish employees (n = 109) on three occasions. The results show that both job and family involvement remained relatively stable during the follow-up period. Further, the scales showed reasonable unidimensionality across time. In addition, the item reliability of the scales was found to be adequate. Of the demographic characteristics studied (i.e. gender, age, socioeconomic status, presence of children at home, age of the youngest child) only gender had a significant effect on involvement: men were found to be more involved with their jobs than were women.
New Age Beliefs and Societal Risk Perception1

The New Age movement is a transpersonal movement focused on mystic awakening and human potential development. It has become an important component in modern risk discourse, as it often goes hand in hand with technology opposition and worries about technology risks. The present study examined the possible relationships between New Age beliefs and societal risk perception. It was shown that several hazards—particularly the ones at the center of current debates about security policies and environmental policies—were perceived as significantly riskier by the New Agers than by others. These (hot) hazards include nuclear waste storage, chemical plants, urban violence, genetically engineered organisms, marijuana, and hospital waste.
Towards critical geographies of the university campus: understanding the contested experiences of Muslim students

This paper sets out an agenda for advancing critical geographies of the university campus. Despite the plethora of scholarship that highlights the complexity evident within other social locations, scales and sites, there is a dearth of geographical research about the construction and contestation of social and spatial relations experienced on university campuses. By exploring understandings of the contradictory and contested nature of everyday spaces developed by social and cultural geographers, I suggest that scholarship could usefully be extended to interrogate the complex ways in which different university campuses are constructed, contested and experienced. This paper explores these multiple constructions of the university campus through the narratives of 29 Muslim students attending a British higher education institution. I use these data to explore the multiple and contradictory discourses that students utilise, which simultaneously construct the university campus as tolerant and diverse and as discriminatory and exclusionary. This paper draws attention to the significance of spaces within universities as well as to the management of university space as crucial factors in providing environments suited to an increasingly diverse student body.
Strategic Internal Communication

The current study investigates how leadership influences internal public relations by building the linkage between transformational leadership, the use of communication channels, symmetrical communication, and employee satisfaction. Furthermore, it examines the effectiveness of various internal communication channels. Through a web survey of 400 employees working in medium-sized and large corporations in the United States, the study showed that transformational leadership positively influences the organization’s symmetrical internal communication and employee relational satisfaction. Transformational leaders most often use information-rich face-to-face channels to communicate with followers. Leaders’ use of face-to-face channels is positively associated with employee satisfaction. Employees mostly prefer emails to receive information from the organization regarding new decisions, policies, events, or changes, followed by general employee meetings and interpersonal communication with managers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Effect of Green Marketing on Consumer Purchase Intentions With Regard to the Company's Image as a Mediator in the Retail Setting Case study: The Customers of Naghshe-e Jahan Sugar Company

The current study investigated the effect of green marketing on consumer's intention to purchase by considering the corporate image as an intermediator in retail-sale environment. Three variables of social responsibility, product image and corporate reputation were studied as factors of the corporate image. The statistical population included citizens who were beyond 20 year old in Isfahan province and the data collected from two-hundred eighty four respondents. Researcher self-made questionnaire was used to collect the required data. First, thirty questionnaires were distributed and reliability of the tool was estimated 93% by calculating the Cronbach's alpha. Simple random sampling method was utilized. Data analysis was conducted using Amos and SPSS 19 software. The study was conducted using descriptivefield method. For data analysis in descriptive statistics section, standards such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and diagrams to describe the variables and questions of the questionnaire were applied. In inferential statistics section analysis of structural equations models and t-test were used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that green marketing has a significant effect on social responsibility and product image. The effect of green marketing on corporate reputation is not significant and three factors of corporate image have a direct effect on intention to purchase. Given to indirect effects among the variables, green marketing has a significant effect on intention to purchase.
The applicability of the concept of national innovation systems to transition economies

Summary This article aims at gaining a deeper insight into the structure of National Innovation Systems (NIS) in transition economies, which may allow for developing policy recommendations that help to stimulate more systemic and effective NIS in these countries. A great part of the existing studies focusing on NIS in less developed and transition countries argue that the specific nature of the NIS and related problems in less successful countries in terms of technological development and economic performance are different from developed countries. Therefore, we have to identify approaches on analyzing innovation systems that do work in transition economies. The following questions will be answered: Why is the NIS important for the economic development of a country? What are the approaches of NIS that are applicable to the specific situation of transition countries? Refering to the fact that a process-based approach is appropriate to describe and analyze the innovation systems of countries in transition: What are the most important types of knowledge and learning processes for these countries?
Where economics and neuroscience might meet

Contrary to what is claimed by Gul and Pesendorfer (2008), in this paper I argue that neuroscience and economics can meet in ways that speak to the interests of economists. As Bernheim (2009) argues, economists seem to be primarily interested in novel models that link ‘traditional’ environmental variables (such as prices and taxes) to choice behavior in a more accurate way than existing models. Neuroscience might be helpful here, since especially computational neuroscience is also in the business of mapping environmental variables on to behavior. Given that experimental findings seem to show that choice behavior displays great context-sensitivity, I discuss two tentative ways in which neuroscience might be helpful. Neuroscience might be able to identify a multitude of environmental variables and the choice algorithms in the brain that they activate. Going this way might lead to novel models that differ markedly from standard economic models. Alternatively, neuroscience might be able to provide more theoretical guidance as to how individuals model the situations they are in. In principle, this route might leave standard economic models largely intact while improving their predictive record.
Optimism and pessimism in elementary school-aged children.

FISCHER, MARIELLEN, and LEITENBERG, HAROLD. Optimism and Pessimism in Elementary SchoolAged Children. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1986, 57, 241-248. A study of young children's expectancies about their general success or failure in adult life revealed that the overwhelming majority were quite optimistic and minimally pessimistic. There were no sex differences and no age differences in either optimism or pessimism within this predominantly Caucasian sample of 9-13-year-olds. A psychometric analysis indicated that optimism and pessimism could be considered as separate factors rather than as opposite poles of a single factor. There was also a stronger negative association between pessimism and self-esteem than a positive association between optimism and self-esteem. Finally, children's optimism or pessimism about their distant future was not related to their current social success or failure, as measured by their popularity with peers.
The Relationship Between Unstable Self-Esteem and Aggression

This study examines whether the instability of self-esteem (i.e., a high intraindividual variability in self-esteem) is differentially associated with different types of aggressive behavior by using a sample of 235 preadolescent children. Self-esteem was measured four times for four consecutive days, and proactive and reactive aggressive behaviors were assessed by peer nominations. The latent trait-state-occasion model was used to describe the stable trait and the fluctuating state components of self-esteem. The empirical results indicated that the state component of self-esteem, not the trait component, had a significant association with aggressive behaviors. When controlling the trait component, the state component was positively related to reactive aggression and negatively related to proactive aggression. Implications for future research were discussed.
Advertising Effects on Attributes Recalled and Criteria Used for Brand Evaluations

An information processing framework is used to investigate the effects of prominence in an advertisement on attribute recall and use in subsequent brand evaluation. The mediating effects of self-perceptions of familiarity and processing task are examined. A target attribute was more likely to be recalled and nontarget attributes were less likely to be recalled when the target attribute was prominent in the advertisement than when it was not prominent. Also, a target attribute was more likely to affect brand evaluation when it was prominent and the evaluator was familiar with the product, regardless of the individual's processing task upon exposure.
Optimization is easy and learning is hard in the typical function

Elementary results in algorithmic information theory are invoked to show that almost all finite functions are highly random. That is, the shortest program generating a given function description is rarely much shorter than the description. It is also shown that the length of a program for learning or optimization poses a bound on the algorithmic information it supplies about any description. For highly random descriptions, success in guessing values is essentially accidental, but learning accuracy can be high in some cases if the program is long. Optimizers, on the other hand, are graded according to the goodness of values in partial functions they sample. In a highly random function, good values are as common and evenly dispersed as bad values, and random sampling of points is very efficient.
Reducing access latency of MLC PCMs through line striping

Although phase change memory with multi-bit storage capability (known as MLC PCM) offers a good combination of high bit-density and non-volatility, its performance is severely impacted by the increased read/write latency. Regarding read operation, access latency increases almost linearly with respect to cell density (the number of bits stored in a cell). Since reads are latency critical, they can seriously impact system performance. This paper alleviates the problem of slow reads in the MLC PCM by exploiting a fundamental property of MLC devices: the Most-Significant Bit (MSB) of MLC cells can be read as fast as SLC cells, while reading the Least-Significant Bits (LSBs) is slower. We propose Striped PCM (SPCM), a memory architecture that leverages this property to keep MLC read latency in the order of SLC's. In order to avoid extra writes onto memory cells as a result of striping memory lines, the proposed design uses a pairing write queue to synchronize write-back requests associated with blocks that are paired in striping mode. Our evaluation shows that our design significantly improves the average memory access latency by more than 30% and IPC by up to 25% (10%, on average), with a slight overhead in memory energy (0.7%) in a 4-core CMP model running memory-intensive benchmarks.
Two–dimensional rigid polycrystals whose grains have one ductile direction

We consider polycrystals with perfectly plastic grains. We study the two‐dimensional problem that results if the textures and applied stresses are compatible with antiplane deformation. We show that the order of magnitude of recently introduced outer bounds on the strength domain of polycrystals is sharp even under the assumption of square symmetry on the texture. We also conclude that the fact that the texture has square symmetry is not enough information to predict the behaviour of polycrystals if the grains are highly anisotropic.