Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of mobile telephone reminders on treatment outcome in HIV: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in India

Objective To assess whether customised mobile phone reminders would improve adherence to therapy and thus decrease virological failure among HIV infected patients starting antiretroviral treatment (ART). Design Randomised controlled trial among HIV infected patients initiating antiretroviral treatment. Setting Three diverse healthcare delivery settings in south India: two ambulatory clinics within the Indian national programme and one private HIV healthcare clinic. Participants 631 HIV infected, ART naïve, adult patients eligible to initiate first line ART were randomly assigned to mobile phone intervention (n=315) or standard care (n=316) and followed for 96 weeks. Intervention The intervention consisted of customised, interactive, automated voice reminders, and a pictorial message that were sent weekly to the patients’ mobile phones for the duration of the study. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was time to virological failure (viral load >400 copies/mL on two consecutive measurements). Secondary outcomes included ART adherence measured by pill count, death rate, and attrition rate. Suboptimal adherence was defined as mean adherence <95%. Results Using an intention-to-treat approach we found no observed difference in time to virological failure between the allocation groups: failures in the intervention and standard care arms were 49/315 (15.6%) and 49/316 (15.5%) respectively (unadjusted hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.47, P=0.95). The rate of virological failure in the intervention and standard care groups were 10.52 and 10.73 per 100 person years respectively. Comparison of suboptimal adherence was similar between both groups (unadjusted incidence rate ratio 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65, P=0.14). Incidence proportion of patients with suboptimal adherence was 81/300 (27.0%) in the intervention arm and 65/299 (21.7%) in the standard care arm. The results of analyses adjusted for potential confounders were similar, indicating no significant difference between the allocation groups. Other secondary outcomes such as death and attrition rates, and subgroup analysis also showed comparable results across allocation groups. Conclusions In this multicentre randomised controlled trial among ART naïve patients initiating first line ART within the Indian national programme, we found no significant effect of the mobile phone intervention on either time to virological failure or ART adherence at the end of two years of therapy. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN79261738.
Endoderm-derived Fgf3 is necessary and sufficient for inducing neurogenesis in the epibranchial placodes in zebrafish

In vertebrates, epibranchial placodes are transient ectodermal thickenings that contribute sensory neurons to the epibranchial ganglia. These ganglia innervate internal organs and transmit information on heart rate, blood pressure and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms that govern the induction and neurogenesis of the epibranchial placodes are only now being elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that endoderm is required for neurogenesis of the zebrafish epibranchial placodes. Mosaic analyses confirm that endoderm is the source of the neurogenic signal. Using a morpholino knockdown approach, we find that fgf3 is required for the majority of placode cells to undergo neurogenesis. Tissue transplants demonstrate that fgf3 activity is specifically required in the endodermal pouches. Furthermore, ectopic fgf3 expression is sufficient for inducing phox2a-positive neurons in wild-type and endoderm-deficient embryos. Surprisingly, ectodermal foxi1 expression, a marker for the epibranchial placode precursors, is present in both endoderm-deficient embryos and fgf3 morphants, indicating that neither endoderm nor Fgf3 is required for initial placode induction. Based on these findings, we propose a model for epibranchial placode development in which Fgf3 is a major endodermal determinant required for epibranchial placode neurogenesis.
Finite-Difference Mode Solver for Curved Waveguides With Angled and Curved Dielectric Interfaces

A finite-difference scheme for accurately analyzing step-index dielectric waveguides with angled and curved dielectric interfaces has been proposed by Chiang Here, this formulation is generalized to take into account a possible curvature of the entire waveguide along the propagation direction, and it is shown how Perfectly Matched Layers can be incorporated in order to accurately compute the bending or curvature loss of dielectric waveguides with step-index profiles of arbitrary shape. Furthermore, the formulation of the interface equations that relate the fields and their derivatives on both sides of a dielectric interface has been simplified, so that their implementation no longer requires any further explicit conversions between coordinate systems.
Evidence for fetal programming of obesity with a focus on putative mechanisms

Abstract Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome (a clustering of three or more of increased waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose and fasting plasma triacylglycerol levels and reduced HDL levels), and a marked increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes and CHD. The impact of obesity differs between individuals, particularly between men and women and between ethnic groups. For example, in South Asians, although overall obesity is less prevalent, central obesity and the metabolic syndrome are more prevalent than in Europeans and this pattern is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and CHD at an earlier age. It is important to examine individual risk factors contributing to obesity because they may have a different impact in population subgroups. Many factors contribute to the aetiology of obesity and there is increasing evidence to suggest that altered early development is one such factor and is associated with abnormal fat accumulation, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in later life. The present review presents this evidence and discusses some of the mechanisms that may be involved in the pathogenesis of the programming of obesity.
Social research methods : a reader

1. Methodological Awareness 2. Social Research as Science 3. Collecting Quantitative Data 4. Analysing Quantitative Data 5. Critiques of Quantification 6. The Limits of Science 7. Ethnography: The qualitative alternative 8. Qualitative Interviewing 9. Other Sources of Qualitative Data 10. Analysing Qualitative Data 11. Structuralism, Post-Structuralism and the Linguistic Turn 12. Reflexivity and Representation 13. Postmodernism 14. Political and Ethical Aspects of Research Practice 15. Paradigm Disputes and Resolutions
Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Different Brown and Red Spanish Edible Seaweeds

This article reports a study of the nutritional composition, total dietary fiber (TDF), mineral contents, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, polyphenolic concentration and antioxidant activity of three Spanish seaweeds: two brown seaweeds (Himanthalia elongata and Undaria pinnatifida) and one red (Porphyra umbilicalis). TDF and ash were the most abundant components in the brown seaweeds, while TDF and protein were the main components in the red one. In all seaweeds, the lipid contents were very low but the polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were high. Although the red seaweed contained significantly (p < 0.05) more protein content than the brown ones, all three contained all the essential amino acids at levels comparable to FAO/WHO requirements. The brown seaweeds contained significantly more minerals than the red one; they are a rich source of K, Na, Ca and Mg and present a beneficial Na/K ratio. Himanthalia elongata displayed remarkably high polyphenolic content, endowing it with appreciable antioxidant activity. These seaweeds offer considerable potential as functional food ingredients due to components like dietary fiber, minerals and trace elements, protein and lipids, which produce many different kinds of biological activities, and also to their high antioxidant capacity.
Health beliefs about osteoporosis and osteoporosis screening in older women and men

Objective: To examine older adults’ beliefs about osteoporosis and osteoporosis screening to identify barriers to screening. Design: Cross-sectional mailed survey. Setting: Western Pennsylvania. Methods: Surveys were mailed to 1,830 women and men aged 60 years and older. The survey assessed socio-demographic characteristics, osteoporosis and general health-related characteristics, and beliefs about osteoporosis severity, susceptibility, screening self-efficacy, and screening response efficacy. Analyses included Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare belief dimension scores, and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses to evaluate association between osteoporosis beliefs and potential explanatory variables. Results: Surveys were completed by 1,268 individuals (69.3 per cent). Mean age of respondents was 73.3 years, and most were female (58.7 per cent). Individuals demonstrated greatest belief in the severity of osteoporosis and least belief in personal susceptibility (P < .001). Older individuals believed less strongly than younger individuals in osteoporosis severity (OR, 0.95 per one year increase in age; 95 per cent CI, 0.92—0.97) and response efficacy (OR, 0.97 per one year increase in age; 95 per cent CI, 0.95—0.99). Women believed more strongly than men in osteoporosis susceptibility (OR, 1.87; 95 per cent CI, 1.38—2.53) and screening self-efficacy (OR, 2.87; 95 per cent CI, 1.17—7.07). Individuals with high self-rated health status had greater belief than those with low self-rated health status in screening self-efficacy (OR, 3.59; 95 per cent CI, 1.89—6.83). Conclusion: Older adults demonstrate several beliefs that may be barriers to osteoporosis screening, including low belief in susceptibility to osteoporosis. These beliefs should be targeted with patient education to improve screening rates.
Establishment and characterization of a receptor-negative, hormone-nonresponsive breast cancer cell line from an Iraqi patient

A new breast cancer cell line (AMJ13) has been established from an Iraqi breast cancer patient. It is considered unique because it is the first for an Iraqi population, and is expected to be a useful tool in breast cancer research. The AMJ13 cell line was established from the primary tumor of a 70-year-old Iraqi woman with a histological diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The cells were morphologically characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy, and found to be elongated multipolar epithelial-like cells with a population doubling time of 22 hours. The anchorage-independent growth ability test showed that the cells were able to grow in semisolid agarose, confirming their transformed nature. Cytogenetic study of these cells showed chromosomal aberrations with many structural and numerical abnormalities, producing chromosomes of unknown origin called marker chromosomes. Immunocytochemistry showed that the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor were not expressed, and a weak positive result was found for HER2/neu gene expression. AMJ13 cells were positive for BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as for vimentin. This cell line should be useful when testing new therapies for breast cancer in the Middle East.
Tin-containing silicates: alkali salts improve methyl lactate yield from sugars.

This study focuses on increasing the selectivity to methyl lactate from sugars using stannosilicates as heterogeneous catalyst. All group I ions are found to have a promoting effect on the resulting methyl lactate yield. Besides, the alkali ions can be added both during the preparation of the catalyst or directly to the solvent mixture to achieve the highest reported yield of methyl lactate (ca. 75 %) from sucrose at 170 °C in methanol. The beneficial effect of adding alkali to the reaction media applies not only to highly defect-free Sn-Beta prepared through the fluoride route, but also to materials prepared by post-treatment of dealuminated commercial Beta zeolites, as well as ordered mesoporous stannosilicates, in this case Sn-MCM-41 and Sn-SBA-15. These findings open the door to the possibility of using other preparation methods or different Sn-containing silicates with equally high methyl lactate yields as Sn-Beta.
Body dissatisfaction in children and preadolescents: A systematic review / Insatisfacción corporal en niños y preadolescentes: Una revisión sistemática

Abstract. Body dissatisfaction has been extensively studied in populations of all ages, however, no revisions to provide information about what has been found, inconsistencies, limitations and possible direction future research should take in children and preadolescents. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of body dissatisfaction in children and preadolescents. To fulfill this purpose, we conducted a search in the databases of MEDLINE, Science Direct and Scopus, with the following keywords: body dissatisfaction, body perception, self-evaluation, body concept, preadolescents, and preteen children in different combinations, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed 63 articles. In the studies reviewed there is no consensus about the approach of body dissatisfaction, are permeated by methodological problems, mainly in the way that is evaluated in childhood because of the difficulty of children to understand the assessment tools, giving result in inconsistent results, further research is less in preadolescence where accurate estimation of body dissatisfaction. That is why it is considered to extend the research in children, with the inclusion of development that would create assessment methods according to age. Key words: Body dissatisfaction, body image, children, preadolescents. Resumen. La insatisfaccion corporal ha sido ampliamente estudiada en poblaciones de todas las edades, sin embargo, no hay revisiones que proporcionen informacion acerca de lo que se ha encontrado, las inconsistencias, limitaciones y la posible direccion que deben tomar futuras investigaciones en ninos y preadolescentes. Por lo cual, el objetivo de este articulo fue realizar una revision sistematica de la insatisfaccion corporal en ninos y preadolescentes. Para cumplir este proposito, se realizo una busqueda de articulos en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, Science Direct y Scopus, con las siguientes palabras clave: body dissatisfaction, body perception, self- evaluation, body concept, preadolescents, preteen y children en diferentes combinaciones, de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusion y exclusion se analizaron 63 articulos. En los estudios analizados no hay un consenso acerca del abordaje de la insatisfaccion corporal, se encuentran permeados por problemas metodologicos, fundamentalmente en la forma en la que se evalua en la infancia debido a la dificultad de los ninos para comprender las herramientas de evaluacion, dando como resultado resultados inconsistentes, adicionalmente hay menos investigacion que en la preadolescencia donde es precisa la estimacion de la insatisfaccion corporal. Es por ello que se considera extender la investigacion en poblacion infantil, con la inclusion del desarrollo que permitiria crear metodos de evaluacion de acuerdo a la edad. Palabras clave: Insatisfaccion corporal, imagen corporal, ninos, preadolescentes.
Expression and activity of the Hxt7 high‐affinity hexose transporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

High‐affinity hexose transport is required for efficient utilization of low hexose concentrations by the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These low concentrations occur during the late exponential phase of batch growth on hexoses, during hexose‐limited chemostat or fed‐batch culture, or during growth on sugars such as sucrose and raffinose that are hydrolysed to hexoses outside the cell. The expression of the Hxt7 high‐affinity glucose transporter of S. cerevisiae was examined during batch growth on glucose medium in a wild‐type strain and a strain expressing only HXT7 (i.e. with null mutations in HXT1–HXT6). In the wild‐type strain, HXT7 transcription was repressed at high glucose and was detected when the glucose in the culture approached depletion. In the HXT7‐only strain, transcription of HXT7 was constitutive throughout the glucose growth phase and was increased further at low glucose concentrations. After glucose depletion, the levels of HXT7 mRNA declined rapidly in both strains. In contrast, the Hxt7 protein was relatively stable after glucose depletion. By monitoring the subcellular localization of an Hxt7::GFP fusion protein it was observed that Hxt7 was localized in the plasma membrane, even when expressed at high glucose concentrations in the HXT7‐only strain. After glucose depletion Hxt7 was gradually endocytosed and targeted to the vacuole for degradation. The Hxt7::GFP fusion protein was a fully functional hexose transporter with a catalytic centre activity of approximately 200/sec. It is concluded that repression of HXT7 and degradation of Hxt7 at high glucose concentrations is dependent on a high glucose transport capacity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) C-344T polymorphism, plasma aldosterone, renin activity and blood pressure in a multi-ethnic population

Background The aldosterone synthase gene (CYP1B2) locus is a candidate region involved in the development of hypertension. Objective To study the relationship between the C-344T CYP1B2 polymorphism, plasma aldosterone, renin activity and blood pressure in a multi-ethnic population. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study of 1313 middle-aged men and women (456 white, 441 of African origin and 416 South Asian). Anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemistry, questionnaire data and timed urine collections were taken with standardized techniques. All were genotyped for the C-344T CYP11B2 polymorphism. Results The frequency of the C allele was significantly lower in people of African origin (0.21) than in white (0.46) and South Asian (0.43) (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex and ethnicity the TT genotype was associated with 14% higher plasma aldosterone levels, 3.7 mmHg higher systolic and 2.1 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure than CC (P for linear trend < 0.05). No significant interactions with age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and fractional excretion of sodium were found in the associations between genotype and both blood pressure and aldosterone levels. In a sub-sample of participants in which plasma renin activity was measured (n = 457), a significant excess of T alleles was found in those with a raised (⩾ 750) aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR). Conclusion In this multi-ethnic population, the C-344T CYP1B2 polymorphism is associated with blood pressure, plasma aldosterone levels and ARR. Although significant differences in allele frequencies were found between groups, ethnicity does not explain the results.
Structural resonances observed in the Raman spectra of optically levitated liquid droplets.

Structural resonances have been found in the Raman spectra of optically levitated liquid droplets of mixtures of water and glycerol. The observed resonances could be assigned by using the well-known Lorenz-Mie formalism. It was found that for the particular droplet under investigation quite high-order numbers (l = 8,9) of the natural modes of oscillation of a sphere play a dominant role. We describe the intensities of the resonances in the Raman spectrum particularly through the volume averaged internal field intensity. We show further that the internal angle-averaged electric field intensity is localized near, but not confined to, the sphere surface.
Sparser Johnson-Lindenstrauss Transforms

We give two different and simple constructions for dimensionality reduction in <i>ℓ</i><sub>2</sub> via linear mappings that are sparse: only an <i>O</i>(<i>ϵ</i>)-fraction of entries in each column of our embedding matrices are non-zero to achieve distortion 1 + <i>ϵ</i> with high probability, while still achieving the asymptotically optimal number of rows. These are the first constructions to provide subconstant sparsity for all values of parameters, improving upon previous works of Achlioptas [2003] and Dasgupta et al. [2010]. Such distributions can be used to speed up applications where <i>ℓ</i><sub>2</sub> dimensionality reduction is used.
Incorporation of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid (trans-11 18:1) into plasma and leucocyte lipids in healthy men consuming dairy products naturally enriched in these fatty acids

The present study investigated whether consuming dairy products naturally enriched in cis-9, trans-11 (c9, t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by modification of cattle feed increases the concentration of this isomer in plasma and cellular lipids in healthy men. The study had a double-blind cross-over design. Subjects aged 34–60 years consumed dairy products available from food retailers for 1 week and then either control (0·17 g c9, t11 CLA/d; 0·31 g trans-vaccenic acid (tVA)/d) or CLA-enriched (1·43 g c9, t11 CLA/d; 4·71 g tVA/d) dairy products for 6 weeks. After 7 weeks washout, this was repeated with the alternate products. c9, t11 CLA concentration in plasma lipids was lower after consuming the control products, which may reflect the two-fold greater c9, t11 CLA content of the commercial products. Consuming the CLA-enriched dairy products increased the c9, t11 CLA concentration in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) (38%; P=0·035), triacylglycerol (TAG) (22%; P<0·0001) and cholesteryl esters (205%; P<0·0001), and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (238%; P<0·0001), while tVA concentration was greater in plasma PC (65%; P=0·035), TAG (98%; P=0·001) and PBMC (84%; P=0·004). Overall, the present study shows that consumption of naturally enriched dairy products in amounts similar to habitual intakes of these foods increased the c9, t11 CLA content of plasma and cellular lipids.
The type IIb SN 2008ax: the nature of the progenitor

A source coincident with the position of the type IIb supernova (SN) 2008ax is identified in pre-explosion HST WFPC2 observations in three optical filte rs. We identify and constrain two possible progenitor systems: (1) a single massive star that lost most of its hydrogen envelope through radiatively driven mass loss processes, prior to ex ploding as a helium-rich Wolf-Rayet star with a residual hydrogen envelope, and (2) an interacting binary in a low mass cluster producing a stripped progenitor. Late time, high resolutio n observations along with detailed modelling of the SN will be required to reveal the true nature of this progenitor star.
On the distance of stabilizer quantum codes given by $J$-affine variety codes

Self-orthogonal $J$-affine variety codes have been successfully used to obtain quantum stabilizer codes with excellent parameters. In a previous paper we gave formulae for the dimension of this family of quantum codes, but no bound for the minimum distance was given. In this work, we show how to derive quantum stabilizer codes with designed minimum distance from $J$-affine variety codes and their subfield-subcodes. Moreover, this allows us to obtain new quantum codes, some of them either, with better parameters, or with larger distances than the previously known codes.
Coping With Threatened Identities

People cope with threats to their identities in many different ways. Until the original publication of this title in 1986, there had been no theoretical framework within which to analyse their strategies for doing this, or to examine the nature and impact of the threatening experiences themselves. This book proposes an integrative model which explores the structure of identity and the principles directing its development.