Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meme diffusion through mass social media 1 Motivation and Objectives

Online social media are rapidly complementing and even replacing person-to-person social contacts. The broadcast model of traditional mass media as channels for the diffusion of information is equally losing traction. As a result, online social networks and media have become a crucial turf on which public relations, marketing, and political battles are fought. Viral messages and political smear campaigns are increasingly designed specifically for social media. Here we propose to build a computational framework that will enable the study of meme diffusion in large-scale social media by collecting, analyzing, classifying, visualizing, and modeling massive streams of public micro-blogging data. While a number of websites have recently emerged that track popular and trending memes, such end-user services are not designed for scientific purposes. We aim to fill this gap by providing for the first time a large-scale infrastructure to delve deeply into a broad set of questions about how and why information spreads online. To enable this empirical analysis of meme diffusion, we will develop a unified framework that makes it possible to apply the same analytical methods to a broad variety of data feeds, e.g., Twitter, Google Buzz, Yahoo! Meme, and Facebook. In particular, the framework will model streams of social networking data as a series of events that represent interactions between actors and memes. As such it will facilitate comparison of the high-level statistical features across different Web 2.0 communities, the development of general models for the behavior of users, and models for the diffusion of ideas in a social network. The proposed project will thus span both technical and broad scientific challenges that lie at the intersection of computing and the social sciences. On the technical side, the framework will provide an unprecedented level of data interoperability for the real-time analysis of massive social media data streams on the order of millions of posts per day. More broadly, our framework will have tremendous impact on the emerging field of computational social science, greatly facilitating the study of the growing number of social phenomena that are mirrored online. Below are some key goals that our project will achieve.
Chemically Modified Eggshell Membrane as an Adsorbent for Solid-Phase-Extraction of Morphine Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis

In this project, eggshell membrane was used as a solid phase extraction sorbent for extraction of morphine followed by HPLC analysis. At first, raw eggshell membrane was used and then, because of low adsorption of morphine on untreated eggshell membrane (<70%), modification of eggshell membrane surface was carried out using different surfactants and amines. The amine modified eggshells characterized by Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy resulted in better adsorption of morphine. The effects of different factors on extraction efficiencies were investigated. Based on experimental results 20 ml of glutaraldehyde (35% V/V) and 2 mmoles of normal hexane amine have been chosen as the best condition for chemical modification. The optimum pH values for sample solution and washing buffer were 8. Application of 300.0 mg sorbent, 6 ml methanol as desorbing solvent, 0.5 ml of 5 mg l-1 morphine sample solution and 6 min for sorption and desorption times were among the best conditions for morphine pre-concentration. At the optimum conditions, the calibration plot of morphine was obtained with good linearity (R2 = 0.9990) and using this plot, figures of merit of the proposed method were evaluated. The proposed method presents suitable working linear ranges (0.5-10, mg l-1), good limit of detection (0.095 mg l-1), acceptable repeatability (%RSD ≤ 4.50) and good accuracy (recovery = 101.6%). Finally, the amount of spiked morphine to saliva as a real sample was determined using this method.
A Neurotechnology Approach to the Analysis of Electroacoustic Music: A Proposition

In this paper I propose an approach to the development of technology for the analysis of electroacoustic music, which is referred to as the neurotechnology approach. I propose the unprecedented possibility of developing tools for the analysis of electroacoustic music based on neurophysiologic models of our auditory system. These tools would reveal the representations that our brain produces at various stages of the auditory pathway, from the cochlea to the cortex. Firstly I describe the journey that sounds take through the auditory pathways from the ears up to the auditory cortices and then I enumerate the sorts of tools that could be developed based on the various stages of this journey and the types of information that they would elicit.
Near-adiabatic parameter changes in correlated systems: influence of the ramp protocol on the excitation energy

In this work, we study the excitation energy for slow changes of the hopping parameter in the Falicov–Kimball model with nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory. The excitation energy vanishes algebraically for long ramp times with an exponent that depends on whether the ramp takes place within the metallic phase, within the insulating phase or across the Mott transition line. For ramps within the metallic or the insulating phase, the exponents are in agreement with a perturbative analysis for small ramps. The perturbative expression quite generally shows that the exponent depends explicitly on the spectrum of the system in the initial state and on the smoothness of the ramp protocol. This explains the qualitatively different behaviors of gapless (e.g. metallic) and gapped (e.g. Mott insulating) systems. For gapped systems the asymptotic behavior of the excitation energy depends only on the ramp protocol and its decay becomes faster for smoother ramps. For gapless systems and sufficiently smooth ramps the asymptotics are ramp independent and depend only on the intrinsic spectrum of the system. However, the intrinsic behavior is unobservable if the ramp is not smooth enough. This is relevant for ramps to small interaction in the fermionic Hubbard model, where the intrinsic cubic fall-off of the excitation energy cannot be observed for a linear ramp due to its kinks at the beginning and the end.
Behavioral development in the honey bee: toward the study of learning under natural conditions.

I n t r o d u c t i o n The adult worker honey bee is a sophisticated learner in a small package. To a certain extent, the same may be said of many insects. But the striking tendency of the social insects-the ants, bees, wasps, and te rmi testo organize social life on the basis of age polyethism (division of labor by worker age) results in a relatively prolonged period of adult behavioral development (Wilson 1971; H611dobler and Wilson 1990). In colonies of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, young adult workers rear the next generation and store food; middle-aged workers maintain the physical structure of the hive; and the oldest workers forage (Winston 1987; Robinson 1992; Moritz and Southwick 1993). T h e s e different tasks require different skills and provide different opportunit ies for skill improvement (learning). How best can one study the neural correlates of learning in the honey bee? The honey bee can be (and has been, with fruitful results) tested in well-defined learning paradigms in the laboratory and then probed by electrophysiological, anatomical, biochemical, and molecular means (for review, see Menzel 1990; see also Hammer and Menzel 1995). This approach takes advantage of the many economies and conveniences of using arthropod nervous systems for the experimental study of neural function but denies the bee's rich social life. The honey bee can also be studied within its own social and ecological context. With this approach, one focuses on the cellular mechanisms supporting the naturally occurring changes in behavior that accompany behavioral maturation and the accumulation of experience in a free-living animal. A long tradition of honey bee ethology, in particular, studies of foraging behavior (Lindauer 1961; von Frisch 1967; Seeley 1985), has provided insights into the relationship of the sensory and learning capacities of bees as they relate to floral stimuli (for review, see Menzel 1985). To date, however, even the most "natural" studies of neural mechanisms in honey bees have by and large lacked a developmental context. Behavioral development is widespread in the animal kingdom. As individuals age, their responses to the environment change predictably. Often, an individual's behavioral responses increase in complexity and involve learning and memory. A child refines its ability to reach for objects in its visual field (Thelen and Corbetta 1994): a worker bee shifts from hive activities to foraging and becomes efficient at searching for
Reject Option Paradigm for the Reduction of Support Vectors

In this paper we introduce a new conceptualization for the reduction of the number of support vectors (SVs) for an ecient design of support vector machines. The techniques here presented provide a good balance between SVs reduction and generalization capability. Our pro- posal explores concepts from classication with reject option. These meth-
TEACHING CHALLENGES AFFECTING STEM RESUSCITATION IN ZIMBABWE

Although Zimbabwe has tried devoting resources to address vast educational challenges, literature reviewed has indicated that Zimbabwe education system despite reconstruction efforts still lacks priority towards consolidation and improvement of both quality and quantity in STEM pedagogy. This research through constant comparison of gathered data analysed learner-centred STEM education access challenges, from the internet and libraries. Data collection and analysis took place simultaneously. The research found out that, sustainability of science oriented education (STEM) greatly depends on both quality and quantity educational improvement. Closely associated with the discussion of quality are debates on the appropriateness of teaching pedagogies to promote STEM individualised intellectual empowerment, for both life-skills and socio-economic transformation. STEM focused education is not a new philosophical concept in the history of African and Western philosophies of education. Contemporary Zimbabwe education system curriculum does embrace both science and arts education orientations. In the dual education orientation the key qualitative teaching and learning challenge in Zimbabwe today is educational discrimination through STEM streaming-challenging 21st education theoretical trends of inclusive education for all. Given the challenge this research concluded that, STEM sustainability greatly relies on how STEM is democratised and taught in the classroom. The major recommendation is individualised teaching approaches of STEM subjects. Article visualizations:
Dynamic analysis of a lean cell under uncertainty

One of the ultimate targets of lean manufacturing paradigm is to balance production and produce at takt time in production cells. This paper investigates the performance of a lean cell that implements the previous lean goals under uncertainty. The investigation is based on a system dynamics approach to model a dynamic lean cell. Backlog is used as a performance metric that reflects the cell's responsiveness. The cell performance is compared under certain and uncertain external (demand) and internal (machine availability) conditions. Results showed that although lean cell is expected to be responsive to external demand with minimum waste, however, this was not the case under the considered uncertain conditions. The paper proposes an approach to mitigate this problem through employing dynamic capacity policy. Furthermore, the paper explores the effect of the delay associated with the proposed capacity policies and how they affect the lean cell performance. Finally, various recommendations are presented to better manage the dynamics of lean manufacturing systems.
The Streptococcus pneumoniae Pilus-1 Displays a Biphasic Expression Pattern

The Streptococcus pneumoniae pilus-1 is encoded by pilus islet 1 (PI-1), which has three clonal variants (clade I, II and III) and is present in about 30% of clinical pneumococcal isolates. In vitro and in vivo assays have demonstrated that pilus-1 is involved in attachment to epithelial cells and virulence, as well as protection in mouse models of infection. Several reports suggest that pilus-1 expression is tightly regulated and involves the interplay of numerous genetic regulators, including the PI-1 positive regulator RlrA. In this report we provide evidence that pilus expression, when analyzed at the single-cell level in PI-1 positive strains, is biphasic. In fact, the strains present two phenotypically different sub-populations of bacteria, one that expresses the pilus, while the other does not. The proportions of these two phenotypes are variable among the strains tested and are not influenced by genotype, serotype, growth conditions, colony morphology or by the presence of antibodies directed toward the pilus components. Two sub-populations, enriched in pilus expressing or not expressing bacteria were obtained by means of colony selection and immuno-detection methods for five strains. PI-1 sequencing in the two sub-populations revealed the absence of mutations, thus indicating that the biphasic expression observed is not due to a genetic modification within PI-1. Microarray expression profile and western blot analyses on whole bacterial lysates performed comparing the two enriched sub-populations, revealed that pilus expression is regulated at the transcriptional level (on/off regulation), and that there are no other genes, in addition to those encoded by PI-1, concurrently regulated across the strains tested. Finally, we provide evidence that the over-expression of the RrlA positive regulator is sufficient to induce pilus expression in pilus-1 negative bacteria. Overall, the data presented here suggest that the observed biphasic pilus expression phenotype could be an example of bistability in pneumococcus.
The role of E+A and post-starburst galaxies – I. Models and model results

Different compositions of galaxy types in the field in comparison to galaxy clusters as described by the morphology-density relation in the local universe is interpreted as a result of transformation processes from late- to early-type galaxie s. This interpretation is supported by the Butcher-Oemler effect. We investigate E+A galaxies as an intermediate state between latetype galaxies in low density environments and early-type galaxies in high density environment to constrain the possible transformation processes. For this purpose we model a grid of post-starburst galaxies by inducing a burst and/ or a halting of star formation on the normal evolution of spiral galaxies with our galaxy evolution code GALEV. From our models we find that the common E+A criteria exclude a significant number of post-starburst galaxies and propose that comparing their spectral energy distributions leads to a more suffi cient method to investigate post-starbust galaxies. We predict that a higher number of E+A galaxies in the early universe can not be ascribed solely to a higher number of starburst, but is a result of a lower metallicity an d a higher burst strength due to more gas content of the galaxies in the early universe. We find that even galaxies with a normal evolution without a starburst have a Hδ-strong phase at early galaxy ages.
Effective action of string theory flux compactifications

We discuss four dimensional effective actions of string theory flux compactifications. These effective actions describe four dimensional gravity coupled to overall Kahler modulus of the compactification manifold. We demonstrate the agreement between ten dimensional equations of motion of supergravity with localized branes, and equations of motion derived from the effective action. The agreement is lost however if one evaluates the full effective action on the equations of motion for a subset of the supergravity modes, provided these modes depend on-shell on the Kahler modulus.
Analysis of Emotion Regulation in Spanish Adolescents: Validation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

Emotion regulation (ER) is a basic psychological process that has been broadly linked to psychosocial adjustment. Due to its relationship with psychosocial adjustment, a significant number of instruments have been developed to assess emotion regulation in a reliable and valid manner. Among these, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross and John, 2003) is one of the most widely used, having shown good psychometric properties with adult samples from different cultures. Studies of validation in children and adolescents are, however, scarce and have only been developed for the Australian and Portuguese populations. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the ERQ for use in adolescents and determine possible differences according to the gender and age of young people. The sample consisted of 2060 adolescents (52.1% boys). Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA), multi-group analysis and Two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed and the percentiles calculated. The results of the AFE and CFA corroborated the existence of two factors related to the emotion regulation strategies of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, showing acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Both factors also showed good criterion validity with personality traits, self-esteem, and social anxiety. Differences in cognitive reappraisal were found with regard to age, with younger students exhibiting the greatest mastery of this strategy. Gender differences were observed regarding the expressive suppression strategy, with boys being more likely to use this strategy than girls. A gender-age interaction effect was also observed, revealing that the use of the expressive suppression strategy did not vary by age in girls, and was more widely used by boys aged 12–14 years than those aged 15–16 years. However, we found evidence of measurement invariance across sex and age groups. The results suggest that the ERQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to evaluate emotion regulation strategies in adolescents.
Egg Food Challenges are Associated with More Gastrointestinal Reactions

Egg allergy is a common pediatric allergy, and is usually outgrown by elementary school age. There is, therefore, a need to perform an oral food challenge (OFC) to establish the presence of food allergy to egg. In this study, we conducted a retrospective review of 2304 OFCs at a pediatric center and analyzed the severity of reactions during egg OFCs and compared them with other foods. The gastrointestinal system (GI) has been reported as more affected in egg food challenge. This study confirmed that 11% of patients undergoing egg OFC had GI symptoms vs. 7% undergoing food challenges for other foods or compared to milk, peanut and tree nut, individually. However, the involvement of lower respiratory tract was less frequent with egg than observed in peanut and tree nut OFC and similar to observed rate in milk. In conclusion, our study confirmed that OFC to egg causes more GI symptoms and less respiratory symptoms compared to other foods, in particular peanuts and tree nuts. However, 27% of children who failed egg OFC had lower respiratory tract reactions and required the use of epinephrine, similarly to children undergoing milk challenge.
Comparative Analysis of Genes Regulated by PML/RARα and PLZF/RARα in Response to Retinoic Acid Using Oligonucleotide Arrays

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with chromosomal translocations involving retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and its fusion partners including promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) . Using oligonucleotide arrays, we examined changes in global gene expression mediated by the ectopic expression of either PML/RARα (retinoid-sensitive) or PLZF/RARα (retinoid-resistant) in U937 cells. Of more than 5000 genes analyzed, 16 genes were commonly up-regulated, and 57 genes were down-regulated by both fusion proteins suggesting their role in the APL phenotype. In our APL model, for example, TNFAIP2, TNFR2, ELF4, RAR γ, and HoxA1 were down-regulated by both fusion proteins in the absence of retinoic acid (RA). RA strongly up-regulated these genes in PML/RARα, but not in PLZF/RARα expressing U937 cells. Expression studies in NB4, retinoid-resistant NB4-R2, normal human CD34+ cells, and APL patient samples strongly suggest their role in the regulation of granulocytic differentiation. Furthermore, combined treatment with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and RA synergistically enhanced granulocytic differentiation in NB4 cells but not in NB4-R2 cells. Our data indicate that APL pathogenesis and retinoid-induced granulocytic differentiation of APL cells involve genes in the cell death pathway, and that cooperation between the RA and TNFα signaling pathways exists. Targeting both the retinoid-dependent differentiation and the cell death pathways may improve leukemic therapy, especially in retinoid-resistant acute myeloid leukemia. (Blood. 2003;102:3727-3736)
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Malaria Vector Control Measures in Urban Settings of Dakar by a Specific Anopheles Salivary Biomarker

Standard entomological methods for evaluating the impact of vector control lack sensitivity in low-malaria-risk areas. The detection of human IgG specific to Anopheles gSG6-P1 salivary antigen reflects a direct measure of human–vector contact. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a range of vector control measures (VCMs) in urban settings by using this biomarker approach. The study was conducted from October to December 2008 on 2,774 residents of 45 districts of urban Dakar. IgG responses to gSG6-P1 and the use of malaria VCMs highly varied between districts. At the district level, specific IgG levels significantly increased with age and decreased with season and with VCM use. The use of insecticide-treated nets, by drastically reducing specific IgG levels, was by far the most efficient VCM regardless of age, season or exposure level to mosquito bites. The use of spray bombs was also associated with a significant reduction of specific IgG levels, whereas the use of mosquito coils or electric fans/air conditioning did not show a significant effect. Human IgG response to gSG6-P1 as biomarker of vector exposure represents a reliable alternative for accurately assessing the effectiveness of malaria VCM in low-malaria-risk areas. This biomarker tool could be especially relevant for malaria control monitoring and surveillance programmes in low-exposure/low-transmission settings.
A flexible locality-aware peer-to-peer streaming system

Purpose – Peer‐to‐peer (P2P) streaming quickly emerges as an important application over the internet. A lot of systems have been implemented to support peer‐to‐peer media streaming. However, some problems still exist. These problems include non‐guaranteed communication efficiency, limited upload capacity and dynamics of suppliers which are all related to the overlay topology design. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel overlay construction framework for peer‐to‐peer streaming.Design/methodology/approach – To exploit the bandwidth resource of neighboring peers with low communication delay, application of the grouping method was proposed to construct a flexible two‐layered locality‐aware overlay network. In the proposed overlay, peers are clustered into locality groups according to the communication delays of peers. These locality groups are interconnected with each other to form the top layer of the overlay. In each locality group, peers form an overlay mesh for transmitting stream to other peer.