Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toll-like receptor cascade and gene polymorphism in host–pathogen interaction in Lyme disease

Lyme disease (LD) risk occurs in North America and Europe where the tick vectors of the causal agent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are found. It is associated with local and systemic manifestations, and has persistent posttreatment health complications in some individuals. The innate immune system likely plays a critical role in both host defense against B. burgdorferi and disease severity. Recognition of B. burgdorferi, activation of the innate immune system, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and modulation of the host adaptive responses are all initiated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A number of Borrelia outer-surface proteins (eg, OspA and OspB) are recognized by TLRs. Specifically, TLR1 and TLR2 were identified as the receptors most relevant to LD. Several functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in TLR genes, and are associated with varying cytokines types and synthesis levels, altered pathogen recognition, and disruption of the downstream signaling cascade. These single-nucleotide polymorphism-related functional alterations are postulated to be linked to disease development and posttreatment persistent illness. Elucidating the role of TLRs in LD may facilitate a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and can provide an insight into novel therapeutic targets during active disease or postinfection and posttreatment stages.
Employees’ burnout and emotional intelligence as mediator and moderator in the negative spiral of incivility

Purpose This paper aims to study how the negative spiral of incivility from customers to employees happens by measuring the mediating effect of employees’ burnout. Moreover, it investigates how to mitigate the detrimental influences of customer incivility by assessing the moderating effect of employees’ emotional intelligence. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional questionnaire survey using MTurk was conducted, targeting full-service restaurant employees. Descriptive statistic, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were applied. Findings The results presented that there is a direct relationship between customer incivility and employee incivility toward customers and coworkers. Additionally, employees’ burnout significantly mediates the relationship between customer incivility and employee incivility. Moreover, it presented the significant moderating effect of employees’ emotional intelligence on the relationship between customer incivility and employee incivility. Research limitations/implications Experiences of customer incivility during a service encounter directly trigger employee incivility. Moreover, customer incivility indirectly leads to employee incivility by increasing employees’ burnout. In addition, employees’ emotional intelligence mitigates a negative spiral of incivility from customers to employees. However, this study has limitations that provide suggestions for future research. Originality/value This research shows how customer incivility causes employee incivility in the workplace. It also shows a significant moderating role of employees’ emotional intelligence to mitigate the influence of customer incivility on employee incivility.
Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Administrasi Perpajakan Modern Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (Survey Terhadap Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Bandung Cibeunying).

Efforts through programs and activities of tax administration reform are realized through the implementation of modern tax administration system is intended to encourage tax payer compliance. Basically, the administration of the tax system which includes service tax and tax law enforcement affect taxpayer compliance. Therefore, the increase in community service became one of the important points of the overall tax administration reform in the DJP. The purpose of this research is to know how to influence the implementation of modern tax administration system of taxpayer compliance in Cibeunying KPP Pratama Bandung. The research data is processed using path analysis. Based on the results of this study concluded that the application of modern tax administration system on the influence of KPP Pratama Bandung Cibeunying on taxpayer compliance at a significance level a=0.5 . This is indicated by a large impact from the application of modern administrative system is 79,74%, while the remaining only 20.26% is influenced by factors other than the variables studied. Results of hypothesis testing showed that the application of modern administrative system is partly within the organizational structure, organizational procedures and organizational strategy affect taxpayer compliance, but organizational cultures doesn't have significant effect to taxpayer compliance.
A novel type of cell death of lymphocytes induced by a monoclonal antibody without participation of complement

A monoclonal antibody, RE2, raised by immunizing a rat with cell lysate of a mouse T cell clone, was found to directly kill interleukin 2- dependent T cell clones without participation of serum complement. Fab fragments of RE2 had no cytolytic activity, while the cross-linking of Fab fragments with anti-rat immunoglobulin reconstituted the cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was temperature dependent: the antibody could kill target cells at 37 degrees C but not at 0 degrees C. Sodium azide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and forskolin did not affect the cytolytic activity of RE2, while the treatment of target cells with cytochalasin B and D completely blocked the activity. This suggested that the cell death involves a cytoskeleton-dependent active process. Giant holes on the cell membrane were formed within 5 minutes after the treatment with RE2, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. There was no indication of DNA fragmentation nor swelling of mitochondria during the cytolysis, suggesting that the cell death is neither apoptosis nor typical necrosis. The antibody also killed T cell lymphomas and T and B cell hybridomas only when these cells were preactivated with concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, or phorbol myristate acetate. Preactivated peripheral T and B cells were sensitive to the cytotoxicity of RE2, while resting T and B cells were insensitive. These results provide evidence for a novel pathway of cell death of activated lymphocytes by membrane excitation.
The Role of Activist Hedge Funds in Distressed Firms

Frictions to efficient bargaining provide an opportunity for a hedge fund to invest in distressed firms, facilitate reorganizations, and capture some of the rents from doing so. This paper considers a sample of 184 financially distressed firms for the period from 1998 to 2009, and finds that distressed investing has become an important avenue for activism by hedge funds. Distress-focused hedge funds utilize a „fulcrum‟ investment strategy so as to maximize their influence on the reorganization process. Empirical evidence is consistent with the view that hedge funds capture some of the rents they create by reorganizing the distressed firms. First, distress-oriented hedge funds tend to target economically healthy firms in which contracting difficulties are likely to prevent efficient reorganization. Second, hedge funds‟ presence as creditors leads to effective restructuring through both debt-equity swaps and pre-packaged filings. In addition, when hedge funds inject new equity capital into targeted firms, the duration of distress is significantly reduced. Both debt and equity investments by hedge funds are associated with significantly higher probabilities of successful restructuring. Lastly, distress-focused funds in my sample have produced an annual compounded return of 8.6% over the 1998-2009 period, which is economically significant, compared to 3.2% generated by the stock market over the same period. 1 Contacts: Jongha Lim, Doctoral student, Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, 2100 Neil Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; E-mail: lim_806@fisher.osu. edu. 2 I greatly appreciate the helpful comments and advice from Anil Makhija, Bernadette Minton, René Stulz, and Michael Weisbach. I am also grateful for valuable discussions with Jack Bao, Itzhak Ben-David, Ji-woong Chung, Isil Erel, Kewei Hou, Berk Sensoy, and Yingdi Wang. I thank seminar participants at the Ohio State University. I thank Wonik Choi for his great support. All errors are mine.
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Induces Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) Expression and Reduces Oxidative Stress via the p38/c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase–Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (p38/JNK–NRF2)-Mediated Antioxidant Pathway

The leaves of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. are used in the Garo, Pahan, and Teli tribal communities of Bangladesh as a traditional medicinal plant to treat hepatitis, diabetes, ulcers, heart disease, and dysentery. However, there have been limited phytochemical and biological studies on the bark of L. coromandelica. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activities of L. coromandelica bark extract (LCBE) and the underlying mechanism using RAW 264.7 cells. The LCBE was analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect its key polyphenolic compounds. Various in vitro antioxidant assays were performed using RAW 264.7 cells to assess the antioxidant effects of the LCBE and to understand the underlying molecular mechanism. HPLC revealed the presence of gallic acid, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in the LCBE. The extract showed a very potent capacity to scavenge numerous free radicals through hydrogen atom transfer and/or electron donation and also quenched cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation without showing any toxicity. The LCBE was found to combat the oxidative stress by enhancing the expression, at both transcriptional and translational levels, of primary antioxidant enzymes as well as phase II detoxifying enzymes, especially heme oxygenase 1, through the upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated pathway in RAW 264.7 cells via the phosphorylation of p38 kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The LCBE exhibited strong antioxidant activities and mitigated the cellular ROS production. These results provide scientific evidence of its potential as an ideal applicant for a cost-effective, readily available, and natural phytochemical, as well as a strategy for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress and attenuating disease progress.
Optimal STBC over PSK signal sets from cyclotomic field extensions

An n/spl times/l (l/spl ges/n) space time block code (STBC) C over a complex signal set S consists of a finite number of n/spl times/l matrices with elements from S. For quasi-static, flat fading channels, a primary performance index of C is the minimum of the rank of the difference of any two matrices, called the rank of the code. C is of full rank if its rank is n and is of minimum delay if l=n. The rate R, in bits per second per Hertz, of a full rank minimum delay code over S is upper bounded by log/sub 2/|S| and those meeting this bound are referred to as full rate codes. A full rank, full rate, minimum delay, space time block code over S is said to be rate-optimal. We present some general techniques for constructing rate-optimal codes from field extensions embedded in matrix rings. Working mostly with cyclotomic fields, we construct rate-optimal n/spl times/n STBCs over m-PSK signal sets for arbitrary values of m and a large set of values of n.
A taxonomy of call ordering problems

The order of method calls in a program can present subtle problems in ensuring the program's correctness. Some of the problems have been known under different names in the open literature. These include protocols, synchronisation, re-entrance, mandatory calls, and the indirect invariant effect. However, all these problems relate to the temporal ordering of method calls. In essence, the orderings constrain invocations of methods that share program state or otherwise need to cooperate. This paper proposes taxonomy of call ordering problems and their proposed solutions. The taxonomy classifies the problems by showing their common root and a few distinguishing properties. The paper also sketches the key features of a practical unifying solution to these call ordering problems.
Searching Questions by Identifying Question Topic and Question Focus

This paper is concerned with the problem of question search. In question search, given a question as query, we are to return questions semantically equivalent or close to the queried question. In this paper, we propose to conduct question search by identifying question topic and question focus. More specifically, we first summarize questions in a data structure consisting of question topic and question focus. Then we model question topic and question focus in a language modeling framework for search. We also propose to use the MDLbased tree cut model for identifying question topic and question focus automatically. Experimental results indicate that our approach of identifying question topic and question focus for search significantly outperforms the baseline methods such as Vector Space Model (VSM) and Language Model for Information Retrieval (LMIR).
Exploring the Effect of Red and Blue on Cognitive Task Performances

Previous studies on the effect of color on cognitive task performances and have led to two different views. Some researchers think that the influence of red and blue on cognitive tasks is modulated by the difficulty of the task, and other researchers suggest that the influence mainly depends on the type of task. The current study combined these factors to investigate the effect of color on cognitive task performance. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the difficulty of the task to investigate the effect of red and blue on detail-oriented task performance (the proofreading task), whereas in Experiment 2 we manipulated task difficulty to explore the effect of red and blue on creative task performance (the Remote Associates Test). The results showed that red enhanced the performance on a simple detail-oriented task. However, blue improved the performance on a difficult detail-oriented task as well as on both simple and difficult creative tasks. The results of the current study indicate that the type and difficulty of the task together modulate the effect of color on cognitive performances.
Multimodal prediction of expertise and leadership in learning groups

In his study, we investigate low level predictors from audio and writing modalities for the separation and identification of socially dominant leaders and experts within a study group. We use a multimodal dataset of situated computer assisted group learning tasks: Groups of three high-school students solve a number of mathematical problems in two separate sessions. In order to automatically identify the socially dominant student and expert in the group we analyze a number of prosodic and voice quality features as well as writing-based features. In this preliminary study we identify a number of promising acoustic and writing predictors for the disambiguation of leaders, experts and other students. We believe that this exploratory study reveals key opportunities for future analysis of multimodal learning analytics based on a combination of audio and writing signals.
Relaxing monotonicity in the identification of local average treatment effects

In heterogeneous treatment effect models with endogeneity, the identification of the local average treatment effect (LATE) typically relies on an instrument that satisfies two conditions: (i) joint independence of the potential post-instrument variables and the instrument and (ii) monotonicity of the treatment in the instrument, see Imbens and Angrist (1994). We show that identification is still feasible when replacing monotonicity by a strictly weaker local monotonicity condition. We demonstrate that the latter allows identifying the LATEs on the (i) compliers (whose treatment reacts to the instrument in the intended way), (ii) defiers (who react counter-intuitively), and (iii) both populations jointly. Furthermore, (i) and (iii) coincides with standard LATE if monotonicity holds. We also present an application to the quarter of birth instrument of Angrist and Krueger (1991).
NewApproach for Detecting Unknown Malicious Executables

We present a method for detecting new malicious executables, which comprise the following steps: (a) in an offline training phase, finding a set of system call sequences that are characteristic only to malicious files, when such malicious files are executed, and storing said sequences in a database; (b) in a real time detection phase, for each running executable, continuously monitoring its issued system calls and comparing with the stored sequences of system calls within the database to determine whether there exists a match between a portion of the sequence of the run-time system calls and one or more of the database sequences, and when such a match is found, declaring said executable as malicious. We have evaluated our method and the preliminary results are promising and justify the use of system calls sequences for the purpose of detection of new malicious executables
Role Outcomes of School Division Socialization Tactics for Middle School Principals in Virginia

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF FIGURES . x CHAPTER ONE: THE PROBLEM . 1 The Background for the Study. 1 The Statement of the Problem . 1 The Purpose of the Study . 2 The Design of the Study. 2 Delimitations . 2 Research Limitations . 2 Research Assumptions. 3 Research Questions . 4 Definitions . 4 Constitutive and Operational Definitions for Socialization Tactics. 6 Collective v. Individual. 6 Formal v. Informal. 6 Investiture v. Divestiture. 6 Sequential v. Random . 6 Serial v. Disjunctive. 6 Fixed v. Variable . 7 Constitutive and Operational Definitions for Role Outcomes. 7 Role Orientation . 7 Role Conflict . 7 Role Ambiguity . 7 Constitutive and Operational Definitions for the Demographics of Principals . 7 Age. 7 Gender. 8 Ethnicity . 8 Experience. 8 Constitutive and Operational Definitions for the Characteristics of School Divisions 8 Size. 8 Wealth . 8 Region . 8 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE. 10 Conceptual Overview of Organizational Socialization. 10 Socialization Defined . 10
Characterization of Aromatase Binding Agents from the Dichloromethane Extract of Corydalis yanhusuo Using Ultrafiltration and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Aromatase represents an important target for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. In the present study, nine alkaloids from the dichloromethane extract of Corydalis yanhusuo were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and tested for their aromatase binding activities using an ultrafiltration LC-MS method by investigating the differences of peak areas of compounds before and after incubations with aromatase. It was demonstrated that the quaternary protoberberine alkaloids and the tertiary protoberberine alkaloids exhibited potent aromatase binding activities. The quaternary ammonium group and the methyl group at C-13 position of tertiary protoberberine alkaloids might be necessary for the activity. The findings should provide guidance for the discovery of potential aromatase inhibitors from natural products.
Navigating in a Virtual 3d-maze: Two Competitive Frames of References for Perceiving and Memorising

Although recent studies have brought new insights concerning the mechanisms of spatial memory and cognitive strategies during navigation, most of these studies have concerned 2D navigation and little is know concerning the problem of 3D spatial memory. In a previous experiment we have studied the influence of the relation between egocentric and allocentric frame of references on memorisation of complex 3D-structured environments in which one moved. These environments could represent buildings with several floors or a space station. In terrestrial navigation, self-motion includes yaw rotations and eventually vertical translations at vertical sections whereas in weightless navigation one can move along or turn about any axis. Results have shown that when only one mental rotation (the yaw) had to be performed to shift from egocentric to allocentric reference frame, memorisation of such corridors was improved. In a first experiment, we investigated if any single rotation axis is enough to facilitate this reference shift, and if not what in the terrestrial condition lead to better performances since three aligned axes could facilitate the reference shift (gravity, body and displacement's rotation axes). We compared in a computerised 3D-reproduction of the maze task the four conditions defined by dissociating these axes. Field dependent (FD) and independent (FI) subjects as determined by the rod and frame test showed distinct effects of the navigation conditions. FD group performances strongly degraded when gravity and body axis were conflicting, independently of the rotation axis whereas FI subjects performances only slightly decreased when the body was tilted and the rotation axis aligned with gravity. Besides tilting the body in the control condition only deteriorated performances for FD group. A third experiment was sent on board of the International Space Station and three cosmonauts were involved in this study. Since gravity could provide the reference frame for the terrestrial condition, we wanted to check if the suppression of sensed gravity would change the relative performances of weightless and terrestrial condition. Results apparently indicate that the suppression of sensed gravity doesn't affect at short term the performances of each condition, but could affect performances at long term in longer flights.
Sublogarithmic searching without multiplications

We show that a unit-cost RAM with word length w can maintain an ordered set of w-bit integers (or binary strings) under the operations search, insert, delete, nearest neighbour in O(/spl radic/(logn)) worst-case time and range queries in O(/spl radic/(logn)+size of output) worst-case time. The operations rely on AC/sup 0/ instructions only, thereby solving an open problem posed by Fredman and Willard. The data structure is simple. We also present a static data structure that can process a set of /spl Theta/O(logn) searches in O(lognloglogn) time.
Asymptotic Properties of Hilbert Geometry

We show that the spheres in Hilbert geometry have the same volume growth entropy as those in the Lobachevsky space. We give the asymptotic estimates for the ratio of the volume of metric ball to the area of the metric sphere in Hilbert geometry. Derived estimates agree with the well-known fact in the Lobachevsky space
Do Growth-Option Firms Use Less Relative Performance Evaluation?

ABSTRACT: The use of relative performance evaluation (RPE) in compensation contracts for CEOs at growth-option (GO) firms that operate in more volatile environments can provide insurance against common exogenous shocks and thus reduce the amount of risk that CEOs face. However, the implementation of RPE for high-GO firms can be impaired by these firms' inability to find a peer group that captures common risk exposure. This paper studies GO firms' reliance on RPE and finds that the use of RPE in CEO compensation contracts varies negatively with a firm's level of growth options. The tests use three proxies for growth options: the market-to-book value of assets, research and development expenses scaled by assets, and a factor obtained from a principal component analysis. The results are robust to controlling for the impact of other firm characteristics on pay-for-performance sensitivities. Data Availability: All data are obtained from publicly available sources.