Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing Serendipity of Recommender System with Ranking Topic Model

There are thousands of academic paper published each year, it is quite hard for researchers who enters a new field to discover relevant paper and novel paper to read, which we characterize as choice overload problem. Recommender system can help to alleviate the problem, but recommender system suffers from the intention gap problem which is the incapability of the system to accurately guess users' intentions. We proposed a ranking topic model based semantic re commendation framework which helps to introduce serendipity to the system. First, the proposed ranking topic model reorders learnt to pic distributions according to users' intentions. Then, learnt ordered topics are used as features to rank papers in the library accor ding to the relevancy to user query. At the same time, ranked topics also provide novelty to the results. Since there is little work on how to evaluate the serendipity degree of recommender system, we proposed two measure to evaluate this metric. We performed empirical experiments to test the efficiency of proposed framework with state-of-the-art counterparts, the comparison results revealed the su periority of our proposed algorithms. In the end, we illustrated our algorithms with an example and pointed out future research directions.
Transcriptional Profiling of Rice Early Response to Magnaporthe oryzae Identified OsWRKYs as Important Regulators in Rice Blast Resistance

Rice blast disease is a major threat to rice production worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying rice resistance to the causal agent Magnaporthe oryzae remain elusive. Therefore, we carried out a transcriptome study on rice early defense response to M. oryzae. We found that the transcriptional profiles of rice compatible and incompatible interactions with M. oryzae were mostly similar, with genes regulated more prominently in the incompatible interactions. The functional analysis showed that the genes involved in signaling and secondary metabolism were extensively up-regulated. In particular, WRKY transcription factor genes were significantly enriched among the up-regulated genes. Overexpressing one of these WRKY genes, OsWRKY47, in transgenic rice plants conferred enhanced resistance against rice blast fungus. Our results revealed the sophisticated transcriptional reprogramming of signaling and metabolic pathways during rice early response to M. oryzae and demonstrated the critical roles of WRKY transcription factors in rice blast resistance.
Attitudes of Secular and Religious Israeli Adolescents Towards Persons with Disabilities: a multidimensional analysis

Differences between religious and secular people in their attitudes towards persons with disabilities may originate in social-cultural factors, such as values and norms, as well as in personality factors like dogmatism. Since religious and secular people differ in these characteristics, it was expected that they would differ in their attitudes as well. Attitudes towards persons with disabilities reflect complex interpersonal and intrapersonal processes and therefore should be assessed with multidimensional measures. In the present study the attitudes of 83 religious and 51 secular Israeli adolescents were measured with Siller's Disability Factor Scale–General (DFS-G). The questionnaire included seven factors that reflect psychodynamic processes operating to protect the individual against the threat and anxiety associated with the presence of a person with a disability or even by the mere consideration of his/her condition. Level of dogmatism was measured as well. No differences in dogmatism were found between the two groups. Secular participants expressed more positive attitudes than religious participants on two attitude scales—Generalized Rejection and Authoritarian Virtuousness. These two scales express special, segregative, and unequal attitudes. The findings give some support to the claim that religious affiliation, even if it encourages care for persons with disabilities, is associated with segregation and attribution of unequal social status to these people.
Risk and uncertainty: Shifting decision making for aneuploidy screening to the first trimester of pregnancy

Purpose: The clinical introduction of first trimester aneuploidy screening uniquely challenges the informed consent process for both patients and providers. This study investigated key aspects of the decision-making process for this new form of prenatal genetic screening.Methods: Qualitative data were collected by nine focus groups that comprised women of different reproductive histories (N = 46 participants). Discussions explored themes regarding patient decision making for first trimester aneuploidy screening. Sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed to identify themes.Results: Multiple levels of uncertainty characterize the decision-making process for first trimester aneuploidy screening. Baseline levels of uncertainty existed for participants in the context of an early pregnancy and the debate about the benefit of fetal genetic testing in general. Additional sources of uncertainty during the decision-making process were generated from weighing the advantages and disadvantages of initiating screening in the first trimester as opposed to waiting until the second. Questions of the quality and quantity of information and the perceived benefit of earlier access to fetal information were leading themes. Barriers to access prenatal care in early pregnancy presented participants with additional concerns about the ability to make informed decisions about prenatal genetic testing.Conclusions: The option of the first trimester aneuploidy screening test in early pregnancy generates decision-making uncertainty that can interfere with the informed consent process. Mechanisms must be developed to facilitate informed decision making for this new form of prenatal genetic screening.
An Introduction to Galactic Chemical Evolution

The formalism of the simple model of galactic chemical evolution (GCE) and its main ingredients (stellar properties, initial mass function, star formation rate and gas flows) are presented in this tutorial. It is stressed that GCE is not (yet) an astrophysical theory, but it merely provides a framework in which the large body of data concerning the chemical composition of stars and gas in galaxies may be intrepreted. A few examples illustrating those concepts are provided, through studies of the Solar neighborhood and of the Milky Way's halo.
Downward Nominal-Wage Rigidity: A Critical Assessment and Some New Evidence for Canada

Labour market observers have long suspected that, for a variety of rea employers are unwilling to reduce the nominal wages paid to their work even when employers experience severe financial difficulties. (See Be 1999 for recent evidence.) Starting with Keynes’ General Theory , this presumed downward nominal-wage rigidity (DNWR) has played a promin role in many models of the labour market and the macroeconomy. On Keynes’ conjectures was that in a period of deflation, such as the G Depression of the 1930s, DNWR resulted in higher real wages, which m the Depression longer and deeper.
Poly(A) binding protein abundance regulates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F assembly in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells

By commandeering cellular translation initiation factors, or destroying those dispensable for viral mRNA translation, viruses often suppress host protein synthesis. In contrast, cellular protein synthesis proceeds in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected cells, forcing viral and cellular mRNAs to compete for limiting translation initiation factors. Curiously, inactivating the host translational repressor 4E-BP1 in HCMV-infected cells stimulates synthesis of the cellular poly(A) binding protein (PABP), significantly increasing PABP abundance. Here, we establish that new PABP synthesis is translationally controlled by the HCMV-encoded UL38 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1-activator. The 5′ UTR within the mRNA encoding PABP contains a terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) element found in mRNAs, the translation of which is stimulated in response to mitogenic, growth, and nutritional stimuli, and proteins encoded by TOP-containing mRNAs accumulated in HCMV-infected cells. Furthermore, UL38 expression was necessary and sufficient to regulate expression of a PABP TOP-containing reporter. Remarkably, preventing the rise in PABP abundance by RNAi impaired eIF4E binding to eIF4G, thereby reducing assembly of the multisubunit initiation factor eIF4F, viral protein production, and replication. This finding demonstrates that viruses can increase host translation initiation factor concentration to foster their replication and defines a unique mechanism whereby control of PABP abundance regulates eIF4F assembly.
Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS): International Accountability and Implications for Science Instruction

International educational comparisons are relatively recent phenomena and have long been the source of international debate. Since the formation of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) in the 1950s, assessments have grown increasingly more valid and reliable. TIMSS is an exemplary attempt at cross-national comparison. In trying to link results to practice, TIMSS released video studies that attempt to compare teaching methodologies employed in science in various countries. Much has been made of the TIMSS report and the pedagogy displayed in the video studies, but one question remains unanswered. What are the implications for science instruction based on cross-national comparisons? In countries such as the USA and the United Kingdom, the TIMSS reports have been the basis of much criticism of science instruction. This article explores the implications of the TIMSS reports and offers recommendations for the use of cross-national comparisons to impact classroom instruction.
Word2Vec is a special case of Kernel Correspondence Analysis and Kernels for Natural Language Processing.

We show that correspondence analysis (CA) is equivalent to defining a Gini index with appropriately scaled one-hot encoding. Using this relation, we introduce a nonlinear kernel extension to CA. This extended CA gives a known analysis for natural language via specialized kernels that use an appropriate contingency table. We propose a semi-supervised CA, which is a special case of the kernel extension to CA. Because CA requires excessive memory if applied to numerous categories, CA has not been used for natural language processing. We address this problem by introducing delayed evaluation to randomized singular value decomposition. The memory-efficient CA is then applied to a word-vector representation task. We propose a tail-cut kernel, which is an extension to the skip-gram within the kernel extension to CA. Our tail-cut kernel outperforms existing word-vector representation methods.
Student Difficulties in Socio‐scientific Argumentation and Decision‐making Research Findings: Crossing the borders of two research lines

Students' poor argumentation in the context of socio‐scientific issues has become a concern in science education. Identified problems associated with student argumentation in socio‐scientific issues are misevaluation of evidence, naïve nature of science conceptualizations, and inappropriate use of value‐based reasoning. In this theoretical paper, the authors propose that incorporation of decision‐making research findings to argumentation research may help students overcome these problematic areas. For this aim, decision‐making research findings about value‐focused decision‐making framework and common heuristics have been discussed. Specifically, the authors propose that explicit teaching of argumentation research should provide students a decision‐making framework in which students can consider their values about a socio‐scientific issue and assess different alternatives as well as incorporate teaching about common heuristics. The authors believe that this incorporation is necessary for a quality student argumentation in socio‐scientific issues.
College Information, Support, and Opportunities For All?

In this case, 10 Latina/o high school seniors and one high school counselor share their perspectives on how college information and opportunities are distributed in their school. In doing so, it becomes evident that efforts are not systematic or equitable. As a result, dilemmas arise when some students are denied the opportunity to attend a college fair held off campus during the school day and find alternative means of doing so. Current and aspiring educational leaders are urged to consider the ethical, safety, and policy issues related to the immediate dilemmas and the larger concern regarding the school’s college-going culture.
What Works in Policing?

This research reports the relationship between serious crime, drug arrests, and nuisance abatement seizures in New York between the years 1995 and 2001. Over the last decade, New York City experienced a dramatic decrease in crime. One of the more prominent explanations of this crime decrease is a variant of the “Broken Windows” theory posited by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in 1982. This research tests this theory in that it uses drug arrests and nuisance abatement closings as a proxy for “broken windows” and FBI Part I Index crimes as a measure of serious crime. The results of the analyses showed that the rate of marijuana arrest and the closing of drug locations through nuisance abatement statutes are inversely related to the crime rate, and that the rate of controlled substance arrest is directly related to crime rate.
Qualitative analysis and simultaneous quantification of phenolic compounds in the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza by HPLC-DAD and ESI/MS(n).

INTRODUCTION The increasing demands of roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza almost exhausted the wild Salvia sources in China. However, the content and composition of phenolic acids in the aerial parts of the plant and their potential to be used as a substitute has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza as new natural sources of phenolic acids. METHODOLOGY HPLC coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (ESI/MS(n) ) has been used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. RESULTS A total of 38 phenolic compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. A quantitative HPLC-DAD method allowing the simultaneously quantification of six phenolic acids was optimized and validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection and quantification. Calibration curves showed good linear regression (r² > 0.9991) within test ranges; the recoveries ranged between 95.64 and 101.67% and the RSDs were less than 3.01%. CONCLUSION The developed methods have been proved to be effective for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza. The results obtained suggest that the aerial parts of the plant could be used as an alternative source of sage phenolics.
Parentage and Sibship Inference From Multilocus Genotype Data Under Polygamy

Likelihood methods have been developed to partition individuals in a sample into sibling clusters using genetic marker data without parental information. Most of these methods assume either both sexes are monogamous to infer full sibships only or only one sex is polygamous to infer full sibships and paternal or maternal (but not both) half sibships. We extend our previous method to the more general case of both sexes being polygamous to infer full sibships, paternal half sibships, and maternal half sibships and to the case of a two-generation sample of individuals to infer parentage jointly with sibships. The extension not only expands enormously the scope of application of the method, but also increases its statistical power. The method is implemented for both diploid and haplodiploid species and for codominant and dominant markers, with mutations and genotyping errors accommodated. The performance and robustness of the method are evaluated by analyzing both simulated and empirical data sets. Our method is shown to be much more powerful than pairwise methods in both parentage and sibship assignments because of the more efficient use of marker information. It is little affected by inbreeding in parents and is moderately robust to nonrandom mating and linkage of markers. We also show that individually much less informative markers, such as SNPs or AFLPs, can reach the same power for parentage and sibship inferences as the highly informative marker simple sequence repeats (SSRs), as long as a sufficient number of loci are employed in the analysis.
A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP AMONG LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, THE OPERATION OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES JOB SATISFACTION

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship among leadership, organizational culture, the operation of learning organization and employees' job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative research design was employed. A total of 1,000 questionnaires were mailed out and received 134 valid replies.Findings – The research results indicate that the various operation extents of learning organization have significant difference under the dimensions of leadership, organizational culture and the operation of learning organization. Both leadership and organizational culture can positively and significantly affect the operation of learning organization. In addition, the operation of learning organizations has a significantly positive effect on employees' job satisfaction.Research limitations/implications – Although this research is adopted with questionnaire investigation and concise questions to the best of one's ability it is still not known whether the respondents ca.
The Parental Investment Strategy of an Avian Cooperative Breeder Differs between a Fragmented and an Unfragmented Landscape

Breeder investment strategies in offspring care may vary between cooperatively breeding bird species. This is most readily observed in the provisioning of nestlings. In the presence of helpers, breeders may reduce their provisioning effort so that the total (group) provisioning rate remains relatively constant (see, e.g., Brown et al. 1978; Lewis 1981; Curry 1988; Russell and Rowley 1988; Wright and Dingemanse 1999). This investment strategy can be described as compensatory. In circumstances where breeders retain the same provisioning effort regardless of the level of help, there is often a positive correlation between total provisioning rate and the number of helpers, and this strategy can be described as additive (see, e.g., Mumme et al. 1990; Walters 1990; Emlen and Wrege 1991). Hatchwell (1999) reviewed the incidence of compensatory and additive care in 27 cooperatively breeding bird species. Based on interspecific comparisons, one of his main conclusions was that care was additive when nestling starvation (resulting in brood reduction) was frequent and compensatory when starvation (and brood reduction) was rare. He also showed that both investment strategies could occur in the same species (Aegithalos caudatus) depending on the number of helpers. However, Hatchwell did not discuss the potential causes of nestling starvation and what influence these may have on breeder investment strategies. One potential cause of starvation and a variable investment
Measuring Political Will in Organizations: Theoretical Construct Development and Empirical Validation

Political will is widely recognized as an important, yet profoundly underinvestigated, construct that lacks conceptual clarity and valid measurement. To address this lack, we conducted four studies encompassing six samples (N = 925) from three countries (United States, Greece, and United Kingdom) that establish the psychometric properties and nomological network of the Political Will Scale. We demonstrate that the scale exhibits both convergent and discriminant validity with several conceptually related constructs while also determining that political will positively relates to influence and work-related behaviors. As an extension of our findings, political will seems to explain variance over and above political skill in relation to influence tactics, status, and career growth potential. The theoretical implications of this new scale are discussed in relation to organizational politics, leadership, and social change.
Children's Reasoning about Three Authority Attributes: Adult Status, Knowledge, and Social Position.

The study examined the development of authority concepts with regard to three attributes of authority figures: adult status, knowledge, and social position. Subjects (40 male, 40 female) in Grades 1-7, from schools with programs that place children in positions of authority, were interviewed to assess their evaluations of commands from single individuals possessing different authority attributes and their choices between different individuals who gave opposing commands.
Psychopathy in Female Offenders

Psychopathy is an important clinical construct in explaining criminal behavior, determining the likelihood of treatment response, and evaluating risk assessment. The majority of past research has focused on male offenders or male forensic patients. Psychopathy in females is relatively unexplored. The current study was designed to further investigate the underlying dimensions of psychopathy in females. Utilizing a sample of 119 female inmates from a large metropolitan area jail, a series of confirmatory factor analyses was undertaken. Previous research and clinical tradition suggest the use of a two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy. More recent research suggests that a three-factor model may better capture the underlying dimensions of psychopathy. Two-factor models of psychopathy were not confirmed. However, the three-factor model reproduced the data extremely well. Clinical and research implications of this finding are addressed.
Pressure Ulcer Risk Evaluation in Critical Patients: Clinical and Social Characteristics

Background: Pressure ulcers increase hospital stays and treatment costs due to their complications. Therefore, recognizing factors that contribute to pressure ulcer risk are important to patient safety. Objective: To evaluate the association between the scores of the Waterlow, Braden, and Norton scales and clinical and social characteristics in critically ill patients. Method: A cross-sectional study of 78 patients in an adult intensive care unit of a university hospital in Northeastern Brazil was conducted from July to December 2015. Data included social and clinical information and the risk factors of the Braden, Norton and Waterlow scales. Data were analysed by the descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most of the participants were female, adults and elderly people with brown skin colour, low education levels and insufficient income. Most of them showed a high risk for developing pressure ulcers using the three evaluated scales. Age, smoking status, diabetes and hypertension were associated with scores on the Waterlow, Braden and Norton scales. Conclusion: Age, use of the tobacco, diabetes and hypertension were associated with the risk of pressure ulcers in ICU patients.