Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Particle Precipitation Effects on Convection and the Magnetic Reconnection Rate in Earth's Magnetosphere

We investigate the connection between particle precipitation in the ionosphere to both the subsolar distance of the magnetopause and the reconnection rate using the OpenGGCM‐CTIM‐RCM model. We simulated two events, a calm period on 4 May 2005 and a storm period on 17 March 2013. We find that scaling the precipitation energy flux by several orders of magnitude, conductivities in the auroral oval are influenced which, in turn, influence the cross polar cap potentials. With the change in conductance, magnetospheric convection is enhanced or reduced, and the location of the subsolar distance of the magnetopause can change by up to one RE. The investigation of the reconnection rate for the varying precipitation simulations using the Hesse‐Forbes‐Bern method shows that particle precipitation affects the magnetic reconnection rate in these two events. The most notable differences, up to 40%, occur on short time scales, that is, hours. A relation for longer time scales (tens of hours) between precipitation and reconnection for these two events is more difficult to ascertain. Differences in cross polar cap potential (CPCP) and R can be explained by viscous interactions and polar cap saturation. We find that when precipitation was decreased, resulting in low polar conductance, viscous interactions are strong and CPCP is higher than R. For high precipitation, high conductance cases the polar cap is in the saturation regime and CPCP is lower than R. We find hemispheric asymmetries in the cross polar cap potential and in the calculated reconnection rate derived from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Left Atrial Mechanical Function and Aortic Stiffness in Middle-aged Patients with the First Episode of Atrial Fibrillation

Background: In the early stages of atrial remodeling, aortic stiffness might be an indication of an atrial myopathy, in particular, atrial fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between left atrial (LA) mechanical function, assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, and aortic stiffness in middle-aged patients with the first episode of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: This prospective study included 34 consecutive patients with the first episode of AF, who were admitted to Kartal Koşuyolu Research and Training Hospital between May 2013 and October 2015, and 31 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. During the 1st month (mostly in the first 2 weeks) following their first admission, 34 patients underwent the first pulse wave measurements. Then, 21 patients were recalled for their second pulse wave measurement at 11.8 ± 6.0 months following their initial admission. Echocardiographic and pulse wave findings were compared between these 34 patients and 31 healthy controls. We also compared the pulse wave and echocardiographic findings between the first and second measurements in 21 patients. Results: Pulse wave analysis showed no significant differences between the AF patients and healthy controls with respect to PWV (10.2 ± 2.5 m/s vs. 9.7 ± 2.1 m/s; P = 0.370), augmentation pressure (9.6 ± 7.4 mmHg vs. 9.1 ± 5.7 mmHg; P = 0.740), and aortic pulse pressure (AoPP; 40.4 ± 14.0 mmHg vs. 42.1 ± 7.6 mmHg, P = 0.550). The first LA positive peak of strain was inversely related to the augmentation pressure (r = −0.30; P = 0.02) and aortic systolic pressure (r = −0.26, P = 0.04). Comparison between the two consecutive pulse wave measurements in 21 patients showed similar results, except for AoPP. In 21 patients, the AoPP at the second measurement (45.1 ± 14.1 mmHg) showed a significant increase compared with AoPP at the first measurement (39.0 ± 10.6 mmHg, P = 0.028), which was also higher than that of healthy controls (42.1 ± 7.6 mmHg, P = 0.000). Conclusion: The association between aortic stiffness with reduced atrial strain and the key role of AoPP in the development of AF should be considered when treating nonvalvular AF patients with normal LA sizes.
Loss-of-Function Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2 Mutations in Melanoma

We report that 10% of melanoma tumors and cell lines harbor mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. These novel mutations include three truncating mutations and 20 missense mutations occurring at evolutionary conserved residues in FGFR2 as well as among all four FGFRs. The mutation spectrum is characteristic of those induced by UV radiation. Mapping of these mutations onto the known crystal structures of FGFR2 followed by in vitro and in vivo studies show that these mutations result in receptor loss of function through several distinct mechanisms, including loss of ligand binding affinity, impaired receptor dimerization, destabilization of the extracellular domains, and reduced kinase activity. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of loss-of-function mutations in a class IV receptor tyrosine kinase in cancer. Taken into account with our recent discovery of activating FGFR2 mutations in endometrial cancer, we suggest that FGFR2 may join the list of genes that play context-dependent opposing roles in cancer. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(1):41–54)
Oligodendrocyte precursors originate in the parabasal band of the basal plate in prosomere 1 and migrate into the alar prosencephalon during chick development

Oligodendrocytes are the myelin‐forming cells in the central nervous system of vertebrates. Oligodendrocyte precursors arise from multiple restricted foci distributed along the antero‐posterior axis of the developing brain. In chick and mouse embryos, oligodendrocyte precursors of the anterior forebrain emerge from neuroepithelial cells of the subpallium and migrate tangentially to invade the entire telencephalon (Olivier et al. ( 2001 ) Development 128:1757–1769). In the diencephalon, oligodendrocyte neuroepithelial precursors seem to be mainly located in the basal plate of caudal prosomeres, but very little is known about their distribution and maturation at later stages of embryonic development. Thus, in this work, we studied the origin and migration of oligodendrocyte precursos in the diencephalon of quail‐chick chimeras. Homotopic and homochronic grafts demonstrated that, during embryonic development, diencephalic oligodendrocytes emerge from a common neuroepithelial domain in the basal plate of prosomere 1 and migrate tangentially, invading the dorsal regions of the diencephalic prosomeres and the telencephalon. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ursolic acid overcomes Bcl‐2‐mediated resistance to apoptosis in prostate cancer cells involving activation of JNK‐induced Bcl‐2 phosphorylation and degradation

Androgen‐independent prostate cancers express high levels of Bcl‐2, and this over‐expression of Bcl‐2 protects prostate cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Ursolic acid (UA) has demonstrated an anti‐proliferative effect in various tumor types. The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference between UA‐induced apoptosis in androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP cells and androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP‐AI cells and to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the apoptosis. We found that UA treatment in vitro can effectively induce apoptosis in LNCaP and LNCaP‐AI cells. UA can overcome Bcl‐2‐mediated resistance to apoptosis in LNCaP‐AI cells. Intrinsic apoptotic pathways can be triggered by UA treatment because c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is activated and subsequently provokes Bcl‐2 phosphorylation and degradation, inducing activation of caspase‐9. Although further evaluation is clearly needed, the present results suggest the potential utility of UA as a novel therapeutic agent in advanced prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 764–773, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Microbiological Quality on Marketed Frozen Turkey Breast and Thigh Meat

URKEY meat has a high nutritional value due to its abundance of vitamins, protein, and other growth-promoting ingredients. In this study, 100 turkey samples were gathered from various supermarkets across the governorate of Menofia, Egypt. Microbiological assessment of thigh and breast samples was done by measuring the aerobic plate count (APC), coliforms, Escherichia coli , Salmonella , and Staphylococcus aureus as well as yeast and mould count. Concerning the turkey meat samples, the mean total aerobic count values were 4.01 ± 0.21 log 10 CFU/g in the thigh and 3.19 ± 0.13 log 10 CFU/g in the breast. The thigh and breast had mean values of 3.21 ± 0.16 log 10 CFU/g and 2.02 ± 0.11 log 10 CFU/g, respectively, for total coliforms. The Staphylococcus aureus count was 2.11 ± 0.09 log 10 CFU/g in the thigh and 1.85 ± 0.08 log 10 CFU/g in the breast. While mould and yeast counts were 3.27 ± 0.11 log 10 CFU/g in the thigh and 2.55 ± 0.04 log 10 CFU/g in the breast. The incidence of E. coli was 42% in thigh samples and 26% in breast samples. Salmonella incidence represented 18% in thigh samples and 10% in breast samples. While the mould and yeast were 22% in thigh samples and 14% in breast samples. In conclusion, food-borne pathogens were found in most samples. These pathogens were higher in the thigh than those in breast samples. Consequently, strict hygiene measures should be conducted during the slaughtering, handling, and transporting of turkey meat.
Effective Analytical Placement for Advanced Hybrid-Row-Height Circuit Designs

Recently, hybrid-row-height designs have been introduced to achieve performance and area co-optimization in advanced nodes. Hybrid-row-height designs incur challenging issues to layout due to the heterogeneous cell and row structures. In this paper, we present an effective algorithm to address the hybrid-row-height placement problem in two major stages: (1) global placement, and (2) legalization. Inspired by the multi-channel processing method in convolutional neural networks (CNN), we use the feature extraction technique to equivalently transform the hybrid-row-height global placement problem into two sub-problems that can be solved effectively. We propose a multi-layer nonlinear framework with alignment guidance and a self-adaptive parameter adjustment scheme, which can obtain a high-quality solution to the hybrid-row-height global placement problem. In the legalization stage, we formulate the hybrid-row-height legalization problem into a convex quadratic programming (QP) problem, then apply the robust modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method (RMMSIM) to solve the QP efficiently. After RMMSIM-based global legalization, Tetris-like allocation is used to resolve remaining physical violations. Compared with the state-of-the-art work, experiments on the 2015 ISPD Contest benchmarks show that our algorithm can achieve 7%; shorter final total wirelength and $2.23 \times $ speedup.
Improving the Performance of the K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm with Parallelization in Dask

This study implements the K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) algorithm for classification tasks using the Python programming language in both serial and parallel modes. The execution times are measured and compared between the serial and parallel implementations, demonstrating a performance improvement in the parallel execution. The research aims to emphasize the significance of parallelization and computational efficiency enhancement in machine learning algorithms, specifically focusing on K-NN, using Python and tools such as DASK. Such studies are valuable for enhancing the performance of tasks related to data scientists and data analysts, benefiting from the accessibility and ease of parallelization offered by Python and related frameworks.
FusionNet: An Effective Network Phishing Website Detection Framework Based on Multi-Modal Fusion

Recently, the rapid advancement of communication technology has undoubtedly improved people's lives. Unfortunately, this progress has also given rise to a significant issue: the proliferation of phishing websites. Regrettably, phishing web sites have now emerged as one of the primary threats to cybersecurity. While there have been extensive efforts to develop anti-phishing techniques, many of these approaches focus solely on a single modality of information, such as the website's URL, HTML source code, or visual features. Given the growing sophistication of phishing attacks, relying on just one modality of information is no longer sufficient to accurately identify phishing websites. To tackle this challenge, our research aims to leverage the complementarity of various modalities to enhance phishing website detection. In this paper, we introduce a multi-modal framework called FusionNet to identify phishing web pages. This framework utilizes three distinct information modalities: URLs, HTML source codes, and visual features. Specifically, our approach first designs specific representation learning architectures tailored to each modality's unique properties. Subsequently, we incorpo-rate an attention mechanism to merge these representations, thereby exploiting the synergies between the multi-modal data. The learned feature representations are more discriminative, contributing to significantly improved phishing website detection accuracy. To evaluate the performance of FusionNet, we collect a dataset comprising phishing webpages, each sample contains all three modalities-URLs, HTML source codes, and visual features. Our extensive experiments conducted on this dataset demonstrate that FusionNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both robustness and accuracy.
Histomorphometricaland Histochemical Seasonal Variations in the Epididymis of Meriz in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

T HIS STUDY investigated the histomorphometrical and histochemical characteristics of the epididymal duct in 24 sexually mature male Merize bucks across seasons. This duct was divided into six segments; IS of the caput, PS, MS and DS of the corpus and PS and DS of the cauda. The maximum total diameter, epithelial height and luminal diameter of all epididymal segments were significantly higher (p<0.05) in autumn (October) compared to other seasons. The epithelial lining of the epididymal duct consisted of a pseudostratified columnar encompassing five distinct cell types: PCs, BCs, ACs, NCs, and CCs. Intraepithelial glands were notably present exclusively in the IS. PCs had lightly stained nuclei and abundant cytoplasm indicating increased activity during autumn compared to darkly stained nuclei and scant cytoplasm in other seasons. The cytoplasmic granules, apical blebs, stereocilia and secretion of the PCs as well as cytoplasmic granules and globules of the BCs along with the secretion of intraepithelial glands exhibited a strong positive reaction for PAS and Diastase-PAS stains during autumn and a moderate reaction with same stains during other seasons indicating the presence of neutral glycoproteins. Furthermore, the stereocilia showed a strong reaction with AB (pH 2.5) in autumn and a moderate reaction during other seasons showing the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides. ACs, NCs and CCs were more numerous in autumn, winter and spring but less in summer. Immune cells were consistently present throughout the epididymal duct in all seasons. The PMC was thick and the ICT contained numerous blood vessels in autumn.
On-line new event detection and tracking

We de(cid:12)ne and describe the related problems of new event detection and event tracking within a stream of broadcast news stories. We focus on a strict on-line setting|i.e., the system must make decisions about one story before looking at any subsequent stories. Our approach to detection uses a single pass clustering algo-rithm and a novel thresholding model that incorporates the properties of events as a major component. Our approach to tracking is similar to typical information (cid:12)lter-ing methods. We discuss the value of \surprising" features that have unusual occurrence characteristics, and brie(cid:13)y explore on-line adaptive (cid:12)ltering to handle evolving events in the news. New event detection and event tracking are part of the Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) initiative.
Push vs. pull in Web-based network management

In this paper, we build on the concept of the embedded management application, proposed by Wellens and Auerbach (1996), and present two models of network management application designs that rely on Web technologies. First, the pull model, based on the request/response paradigm, is a generalization of data polling in the SNMP management framework. We explain how to use it for ad hoc management (e.g., troubleshooting) and regular management (e.g., network monitoring). Second, the push model is a novel approach that relies on the publish/subscribe/distribute paradigm. It is better suited to regular management than the pull model, and allows administrators to conserve network bandwidth as well as CPU time on the management station.
The performance of grouted and un-grouted helical piles in sand

Abstract Helical piles, which have been widely applied as a deep foundation system from small to large load ranges, are very suitable for different kinds of applications. Therefore, concerns about their axial qualification and quantification bearing capacities and performance characteristics seem to be warranted. Tests of full-scale axial compression and tension performed on large capacity helical piles sited in the sand deposit in Babolsar are reported in this study and considerations of design, procedures of installing and full-scale field load test results are discussed. The results in grouted and un-grouted conditions about axial static loading and tension on single-, double- and triple-helix helical piles indicated that in spite of unsuitable cylindrical performance of helical piles in sandy soil which was more confidence-based on resistance, axial compression resistance of the piles increased substantially after grouting, and grouting process had a slighter effect on tensile resistance.
Biologic Effects of Nitrous Oxide: A Mechanistic and Toxicologic Review

Nitrous oxide is the longest serving member of the anesthesiologist’s pharmacologic armamentarium but remains a source of controversy because of fears over its adverse effects. Recently, the Evaluation of Nitrous oxide In a Gas Mixture for Anaesthesia (ENIGMA) trial reported that nitrous oxide use increases postoperative complications; further preclinical reports have suggested that nitrous oxide may contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction in the young and elderly. Therefore, nitrous oxide’s longevity in anesthetic practice is under threat. In this article, the authors discuss the evidence for the putative toxicity of nitrous oxide, from either patient or occupational exposure, within the context of the mechanism of nitrous oxide’s action. Although it would seem prudent to avoid nitrous oxide in certain vulnerable populations, current evidence in support of a more widespread proscription from clinical practice is unconvincing.
Effect of Exposure to a Safe Zone Symbol on Perceptions of Campus Climate for LGBTQ Students

This study investigated student perceptions of campus climate after brief exposure to a Safe Zone symbol. Undergraduates (N = 265; 78% female, 80% white, 14% LGBTQ, 18-23 years old) were randomly assigned to read an excerpt from a fictitious course syllabus that either did or did not feature a Safe Zone symbol. Afterwards, participants rated campus climate characteristics for LGBTQ students. Participants who viewed a Safe Zone symbol reported more positive campus climate characteristics for LGBTQ students than those who did not view a Safe Zone symbol. Exposure to the symbol was not associated with perceptions of negative campus climate characteristics. The current results provide initial experimental evidence that displaying Safe Zone symbols can promote inclusive, accepting perceptions of the campus community.
Early Evolution of Conserved Regulatory Sequences Associated with Development in Vertebrates

Comparisons between diverse vertebrate genomes have uncovered thousands of highly conserved non-coding sequences, an increasing number of which have been shown to function as enhancers during early development. Despite their extreme conservation over 500 million years from humans to cartilaginous fish, these elements appear to be largely absent in invertebrates, and, to date, there has been little understanding of their mode of action or the evolutionary processes that have modelled them. We have now exploited emerging genomic sequence data for the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, to explore the depth of conservation of this type of element in the earliest diverging extant vertebrate lineage, the jawless fish (agnathans). We searched for conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) at 13 human gene loci and identified lamprey elements associated with all but two of these gene regions. Although markedly shorter and less well conserved than within jawed vertebrates, identified lamprey CNEs are able to drive specific patterns of expression in zebrafish embryos, which are almost identical to those driven by the equivalent human elements. These CNEs are therefore a unique and defining characteristic of all vertebrates. Furthermore, alignment of lamprey and other vertebrate CNEs should permit the identification of persistent sequence signatures that are responsible for common patterns of expression and contribute to the elucidation of the regulatory language in CNEs. Identifying the core regulatory code for development, common to all vertebrates, provides a foundation upon which regulatory networks can be constructed and might also illuminate how large conserved regulatory sequence blocks evolve and become fixed in genomic DNA.
A Large Plasmodium vivax Reservoir and Little Population Structure in the South Pacific

Introduction The importance of Plasmodium vivax in malaria elimination is increasingly being recognized, yet little is known about its population size and population genetic structure in the South Pacific, an area that is the focus of intensified malaria control. Methods We have genotyped 13 microsatellite markers in 295 P. vivax isolates from four geographically distinct sites in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and one site from Solomon Islands, representing different transmission intensities. Results Diversity was very high with expected heterozygosity values ranging from 0.62 to 0.98 for the different markers. Effective population size was high (12′872 to 19′533 per site). In PNG population structuring was limited with moderate levels of genetic differentiation. F ST values (adjusted for high diversity of markers) were 0.14–0.15. Slightly higher levels were observed between PNG populations and Solomon Islands (F ST = 0.16). Conclusions Low levels of population structure despite geographical barriers to transmission are in sharp contrast to results from regions of low P. vivax endemicity. Prior to intensification of malaria control programs in the study area, parasite diversity and effective population size remained high.
Has the Fed Been a Failure?

As the 100th anniversary of the 1913 Federal Reserve Act approaches, we assess whether the nation’s experiment with the Federal Reserve has been a success or a failure. Drawing on a wide range of recent empirical research, we find the following: (1) The Fed’s full history (1914 to present) has been characterized by more rather than fewer symptoms of monetary and macroeconomic instability than the decades leading to the Fed’s establishment. (2) While the Fed’s performance has undoubtedly improved since World War II, even its postwar performance has not clearly surpassed that of its undoubtedly flawed predecessor, the National Banking system, before World War I. (3) Some proposed alternative arrangements might plausibly do better than the Fed as presently constituted. We conclude that the need for a systematic exploration of alternatives to the established monetary system is as pressing today as it was a century ago.