Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Like a Dance”: Performing Good Care for Persons with Dementia Living in Institutions

Dementia care is demanding, and health care workers can become emotionally exhausted and frustrated. Particularly, demanding aspects of dementia care include patient agitation and care-resistant behaviour. The aim of this study is to describe skilled staff's understanding of high-quality praxis in dementia care units in nursing homes. Eight nurses and care workers were individually interviewed, and a qualitative design was used. Participants were recruited from two nursing homes in two towns in eastern Norway. The data were analysed following the hermeneutic tradition inspired by Kvale. The analyses revealed three main findings describing good care: (a) to find: to identify the patient's personal characteristics, state, and needs, (b) to follow: to choose the right time and the tempo and to adapt to the patient's sensitivity, and (c) to lead: to be in the forefront and prepared and to change the patient's state. An overall interpretation of the findings is described by the metaphor of a dance between the patient and the caregiver.
The validity of searching routinely collected general practice computer data to identify patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD): a manual review of 500 medical records.

BACKGROUND We conducted a search of 12 practices' routinely collected computer data in three localities across the UK and found that 4.9% of the registered population had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (equivalent to stages 3-5 CKD). Only 3.6% of these were known to have renal disease. Although UK general practice is computerized, important clinical data might be recorded in letters or free-text computer entries and might therefore be invisible to the standard computer search tools. We therefore manually searched through all the records of patients with stages 3-5 CKD in one practice, to test the validity of the computer generated diagnosis and to see if other relevant information was missed by the computer search. METHODS We identified 492 people with stages 3-5 CKD using computer searching and then manually searched their computer records and written notes for any missed data. The dataset included cardiovascular morbidities and risk factors including diabetes; drugs which may impair renal function; known renal disease; and terminal diagnoses and dementia. RESULTS The manual searches only added four renal diagnoses to the 36 already identified. Although heart failure and stroke appear to be over-estimated by computer searches, other cardiovascular diagnoses were reliably recorded. Cardiovascular risk factors and drug recording is a strength of general practice computer data. It is complete and contemporary, though most patients had scope to have their cardiovascular risk reduced further. Eighty-four percent had a haemoglobin estimation, and a higher proportion with reduced renal function were anaemic (P<0.001). Testing for proteinuria was less well recorded; negative stick tests were not recorded. Clinical diagnoses of prostatism and bladder outflow problems made these data hard to interpret. CONCLUSIONS Automated searching of general practice computer records could provide a reliable and valid way of identifying people with stages 3-5 CKD who could benefit from interventions readily available in primary care.
Numerical Approximation of Asymptotically Disappearing Solutions of Maxwell's Equations

This work is on the numerical approximation of incoming solutions to Maxwell's equations with dissipative boundary conditions, whose energy decays exponentially with time. Such solutions are called asymptotically disappearing (ADS) and they play an important role in inverse back-scattering problems. The existence of ADS is a difficult mathematical problem. For the exterior of a sphere, such solutions have been constructed analytically by Colombini, Petkov, and Rauch [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. , 139 (2011), pp. 2163--2173] by specifying appropriate initial conditions. However, for general domains of practical interest (such as Lipschitz polyhedra), the existence of such solutions is not evident. This paper considers a finite-element approximation of Maxwell's equations in the exterior of a polyhedron, whose boundary approximates the sphere. Standard Nedelec--Raviart--Thomas elements are used with a Crank--Nicolson scheme to approximate the electric and magnetic fields. Discrete initial conditions interpolating.
The Strain at Bone-Implant Interface Determines the Effect of Spinopelvic Reconstruction following Total Sacrectomy: A Strain Gauge Analysis in Various Spinopelvic Constructs

Purpose There is still some controversy regarding the optimal biomechanical concept for spinopelvic stabilization following total sacrectomy for malignancy. Strains at specific anatomical sites at pelvis/sacrum and implants interfaces have been poorly investigated. Herein, we compared and analyzed the strains applied at key points at the bone-implant interface in four different spinopelvic constructs following total sacrectomy; consequently, we defined a balanced architecture for spinopelvic fusion in that situation. Methods Six human cadaveric specimens, from second lumbar vertebra to proximal femur, were used to compare the partial strains at specific sites in a total sacrectomy model. Test constructs included: (1) intact pelvis (control), (2) sacral-rod reconstruction (SRR), (3) bilateral fibular flap reconstruction (BFFR), (4) four-rods reconstruction (FRR), and (5) improved compound reconstruction (ICR). Strains were measured by bonded strain gauges onto the surface of three specific sites (pubic rami, arcuate lines, and posterior spinal rods) under a 500 N axial load. Results ICR caused lower strains at specific sites and, moreover, on stress distribution and symmetry, compared to the other three constructs. Strains at pubic rami and arcuate lines following BFFR were lower than those following SRR, but higher at the posterior spinal rod construct. The different modes of strain distribution reflected different patient’s parameter-related conditions. FRR model showed the highest strains at all sites because of the lack of an anterior bracing frame. Conclusions The findings of this investigation suggest that both anterior bracing frame and the four-rods load dispersion provide significant load sharing. Additionally, these two constructs decrease the peak strains at bone-implant interface, thus determining the theoretical surgical technique to achieve optimal stress dispersion and balance for spinopelvic reconstruction in early postoperative period following total sacrectomy.
Radio tomographic imaging of the northern high‐latitude ionosphere on a wide geographic scale

Several chains of receivers, measuring total electron content (TEC) during passes of satellites in the U.S. Navy Ionospheric Measuring System (NIMS), are operated at northern high latitudes by members of the International Ionospheric Tomography Community (IITC). Results are presented here of nearly simultaneous latitude‐altitude images of the ionosphere over Scandinavia, Greenland, and Alaska, generated from IITC data obtained on 20 September 2001 and interpreted in the context of an IMF‐dependent convection model. The images are compared with output from a coupled thermosphere‐ionosphere‐plasmasphere model and also with maps of high‐latitude TEC generated from GPS measurements. With Bz and By both weakly negative, the images and map reveal plasma features of a two‐cell convection pattern rotated slightly to earlier local magnetic times. The tomographic images provide details of map features such as a tongue of ionization created by solar EUV radiation on the dayside and entrained by convection into the polar cap from the western Russian sector. Combining latitude versus altitude tomographic images generated in different longitudinal sectors from polar‐orbiting beacon satellites such as those of NIMS with TEC maps from GPS offers an emerging opportunity for polar aeronomic studies, especially if further related to synoptic convection measurements. The results also demonstrate the potential role of wide‐scale radio tomography in the verification of ionospheric models.
Chaitin's halting probability and the compression of strings using oracles

If a computer is given access to an oracle—the characteristic function of a set whose membership relation may or may not be algorithmically calculable—this may dramatically affect its ability to compress information and to determine structure in strings, which might otherwise appear random. This leads to the basic question, ‘given an oracle A, how many oracles can compress information at most as well as A? ’ This question can be formalized using Kolmogorov complexity. We say that B≤LKA if there exists a constant c such that KA(σ)<KB(σ)+c for all strings σ, where KX denotes the prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity relative to oracle X. The formal counterpart to the previous question now is, ‘what is the cardinality of the set of ≤LK-predecessors of A? ’ We completely determine the number of oracles that compress at most as well as any given oracle A, by answering a question of Miller (Notre Dame J. Formal Logic, 2010, 50, 381–391), which also appears in Nies (Computability and randomness. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. Problem 8.1.13); the class of ≤LK-predecessors of a set A is countable if and only if Chaitin's halting probability Ω is Martin-Löf random relative to A.
The ozone response to ENSO in Aura satellite measurements and a chemistry‐climate simulation

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of inter‐annual variability in the tropical ocean and troposphere. Its impact on tropospheric circulation causes significant changes to the distribution of ozone. Here we derive the lower tropospheric to lower stratospheric ozone response to ENSO from observations by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instruments, both on the Aura satellite, and compare to the simulated response from the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry‐Climate Model (GEOSCCM). Measurement ozone sensitivity is derived using multiple linear regression to include variations from ENSO as well as from the first two empirical orthogonal functions of the quasi‐biennial oscillation. Both measurements and simulation show features such as the negative ozone sensitivity to ENSO over the tropospheric tropical Pacific and positive ozone sensitivity over Indonesia and the Indian Ocean region. Ozone sensitivity to ENSO is generally positive over the midlatitude lower stratosphere, with greater sensitivity in the Northern Hemisphere. GEOSCCM reproduces both the overall pattern and magnitude of the ozone response to ENSO obtained from observations. We demonstrate the combined use of ozone measurements from MLS and TES to quantify the lower atmospheric ozone response to ENSO and suggest its possible usefulness in evaluating chemistry‐climate models.
Reoperation After Cyst Excision with Hepaticojejunostomy for Choledochal Cysts: Our Experience in 18 Cases

Background Complete cyst excision with biliary reconstruction is the treatment of choice for choledochal cyst (CC). The aim of this article is to review our experience in patients who underwent reoperation between January 1995 and December 2014. Material/Methods The records of 18 patients (female/male, 15/3) were retrospectively analyzed including age, sex, cyst type, initial procedure, lab and imaging findings, indications for reoperation, intraoperative findings, and results of reoperation. The median follow-up period was 6 years. Results The rate of reoperation in this study was about 6.8%. Eighteen patients (7 type Ia, 2Ic, 9 IV-A) developed severe postoperative complications and required surgical intervention. The median time interval from primary surgery to reoperation was 19.5 months (range, 3 days to 8 years). Two early complications required surgery due to anastomotic bile leakage and intussusception. Sixteen late complications occurred, including 3 intrahepatic bile duct stenosis with calculi, 5 anastomotic strictures with/without stones, 4 intrapancreatic cyst remnants, 3 adhesive bowel obstructions, and 1 internal hernia. For patients with persistent dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct or anastomotic stricture, removal of stones and revision of hepaticojejunostomy were performed, with additional hepatic ductoplasty when necessary. Radical excision of the dilated cystic remnant in the head of pancreas was performed in 4 patients, with 1 needing additional pancreaticojejunostomy procedure. No deaths occurred. Sixteen patients recovered uneventfully after reoperation, and 2 wound infections developed. Conclusions A wide hepaticojejunostomy with/without ductoplasty is essential to prevent cholangitis, anastomotic stricture, and calculi formation. Complete cyst excision, including the intrapancreatic portion, should be meticulously pursued.
Research on user relationship networks of SNS based on the Forest Fire model

This paper aims to construct a simulation model of user relationship network in SNS. The Forest Fire model is put forward that it can achieve good results in user relationship network simulation despite some deficiency, through analysis of some existing network simulation models, and research on the regular patterns of the users' behavior in SNS. Then, the characteristic value called Reciprocity of the Forest Fire model was improved, and some parameters of the improved model are also optimized. The results of the optimization are compared with the actual data of the user relationship of the four typical social networks. The experimental results show that the improved model is more similar to the real user relationship networks, and it is proved that the improved forest fire model is more effective in the simulation of user relationship network of SNS.
X-ray He-like ions diagnostics: New computations for photoionized plasmas. I. Preliminary considerations

Using the new version of the photoionization code Titan designed for plane-parallel photoionized thick hot media, which is unprecedented from the point of view of line transfer, we have undertaken a systematic study of the influence of different parameters on the He-like and H-like emission of a medium photoionized by an X-ray source. We explain why in modelling the emitting medium it is important to solve in a self-consistent way the thermal and ionization equilibria and to take into account the interconnection between the different ions. We insist on the influence of the column density on the He-like ion emission, via stratification of ion species, temperature gradient, resonance trapping and continuum absorption, and we show that misleading conclusions can be deduced if it is neglected. In particular a given column density of an He-like ion can lead to a large range of total column densities and ionization parameters. We show also that there is a non-model-dependent relation between an ion column density and its corresponding temperature, and that the ion column density cannot exceed a maximum value for a given ionization parameter. We give the equivalent widths of the sum of the He-like triplets and the triplet intensity ratiosG and R, for the most important He-like ions, for a range of density, column density, and ionization parameter, in the case of constant density media. We show in particular that the line intensities from a given ion can be accounted for, either by small values of both the column density and of the ionization parameter, or by large values of both quantities, and it is necessary to take into account several ions to disentangle these possibilities. We show also that a "pure recombination spectrum" almost never exists in a photoionized medium: either it is thin, and resonance lines are formed by radiative excitation, or it is thick, and free-bound absorption destroys the resonance photons as they undergo resonant diffusion. Consequently, the G ratio is much smaller than the pure recombination ratio for a small value of the total column density, and it exceeds the recombination ratio for large values of the total column density and of the ionization parameter.
Kidney transplantation in children: impact of young recipient age on graft survival.

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that recipient age may have an effect on renal graft survival due to its potential influence on the competence of the immune system. A comparison of graft survival between children and elderly adults, however, has never been performed. METHODS Forty patients </=18 years old were included in the study group and compared with a control group of patients >/=65 years using a case-control analysis. Apart from age, matching criteria were the number of HLA mismatches and the date of transplantation. RESULTS The mean age differed by 57 years between study and control group (10 +/- 5 vs 67 +/- 2, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the number of initially non-functioning grafts, sex distribution, immunosuppression, number of HLA mismatches on the HLA-DR, -B and -A locus, cold ischaemia time and the number of patients with panel-reactive antibodies. The only difference was a lower donor age in the study group (17 +/- 14 vs 35 +/- 16, P < 0.001) compared with the control group. During the follow-up of 109 +/- 54 and 79 +/- 49 months, respectively, acute rejections were more frequent in the study group (25 vs 12, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in graft survival between both groups when death with functioning graft was excluded. CONCLUSIONS This study which compares two groups of patients with a mean age difference of 57 years could not demonstrate an effect of young recipient age on graft survival, though the incidence of acute rejections appeared to be significantly higher in the paediatric population. Thus paediatric renal transplanted patients do not seem to have a disadvantage regarding graft survival due to their young recipient age.
Branching Process Models

We consider an exponentially growing cell populations modeled as a multi-type branching process in which type i cells are those with i ≥ 0 mutations and we let Zi(t) be the number of type i cells at time t. Type i cells give birth at rate ai and die at rate bi, where the growth rate λi = ai − bi > 0. Thinking of cancer we will usually restrict our attention to the case in which i → λi is increasing, but we will see an application later in the chapter with λ1 < λ0. To take care of mutations we suppose that individuals of type i in addition give birth at rate ui+1 to individuals of type i + 1. This is slightly different than the approach of having mutations with probability ui+1 at birth, which translates into a mutation rate of aiui+1, and this must be kept in mind when comparing results.
The 8 O’Clock Arc: A Serendipitous Discovery of a Strongly Lensed Lyman Break Galaxy in the SDSS DR4 Imaging Data

We report on the serendipitous discovery of the brightest Lyman break galaxy (LBG) currently known, a galaxy at z = 2.73 that is being strongly lensed by the z = 0.38 luminous red galaxy (LRG) SDSS J002240.91+143110.4. The arc of this gravitational lens system, which we have dubbed the "8 o'clock arc" due to its time of discovery, was initially identified in the imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4; followup observations on the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory confirmed the lensing nature of this system and led to the identification of the arc's spectrum as that of an LBG. The arc has a spectrum and a redshift remarkably similar to those of the previous record-holder for brightest LBG (MS 1512-cB58, also known as cB58), but, with an estimated total magnitude of (g, r, i) = (20.0, 19.2, 19.0) and surface brightness of (μg, μr, μi) = (23.3, 22.5, 22.3) mag arcsec-2, the 8 o'clock arc is thrice as bright. The 8 o'clock arc, which consists of three lensed images of the LBG, is 162° (9.6'') long and has a length-to-width ratio of 6 : 1. A fourth image of the LBG—a counterimage—can also be identified in the ARC 3.5 m g-band images. A simple lens model for the system assuming a singular isothermal ellipsoid yields an Einstein radius of θEin = 3.32′′ ± 0.16′′, a total mass for the lensing LRG (within the 12.1 ± 0.6 h-1 kpc enclosed by the Einstein radius) of 1.35 × 1012 h-1M☉, and a magnification factor for the LBG of 12.3. The LBG itself is intrinsically quite luminous (≈11L*) and shows indications of massive recent star formation, perhaps as high as 160 h-1 M☉ yr-1.
A COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING GRAMMAR: THEORY AND PRACTICE

Since the introduction of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), many textbooks have been written to incorporate communicative activities, authentic materials and personalized contexts. However, where the teaching and learning of grammar is concerned, most textbooks do not reflect CLT principles. As demonstrated in this paper, grammar activities in some Malaysian and Taiwanese textbooks retain the structural method of teaching grammar. This paper suggests five methods so that grammar activities can be made more communicative by retaining some practices of the structural syllabus.
Good Geography, Good Institutions? Historical Evidence from Nineteenth-Century British Colonies

This paper uses a historical natural experiment – the opening of the Suez Canal – to investigate the relationship between geography and the formation of institutions. While the conventional view is that good geography (commodity endowment) inevitably favours the creation of extractive institutions, we discover that a second aspect of geography – location – may in fact encourage the establishment of non-extractive institutions when rent extraction by elites depends on the productivity of non-elites. Specifically, we find that entrepot colonies (Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements) received larger public investments in the post-Suez period than resource colonies (British India, Ceylon, and West Africa), after accounting for year effects and permanent differences across colonies. We demonstrate, using supplementary data, that the entrepot colonies' locational advantage, coupled with their lack of extractable resources, plays a key role in explaining our empirical findings.
Acoustical analysis of vowel duration in Palestinian Arabic speaking aphasics

The current study investigates vowel durations of Arabic- speaking Broca’s aphasics. Three subjects diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia and three normal speakers participated in this study. Vowel durations of the short Arabic vowels (/i/, /a/, /u/) preceding voiced and voiceless fricatives were measured and analyzed. The effects of voicing on vowel duration are also investigated. The results show that the normal speakers as well as Broca’s aphasics complied with the phonological rule, vowels being longer preceding voiced fricatives. It is also demonstrated that vowel durations were significantly greater for Broca’s aphasics compared to normal speakers. Finally, this study is brought to bear on several aspects concerning timing and prosodic impairments of Broca’s aphasic speech. The finding may also have clinical applications concerning speech and language therapy in Palestine.