Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
False confessions: The relative importance of psychological, criminological and substance abuse variables

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the relative importance of psychological, criminological, and substance abuse variables in differentiating between alleged false confessors and other prison inmates. The participants were 509 inmates newly admitted to all Icelandic prisons over a four-year period. Sixty-two (12%) of the inmates claimed to have made a false confession to the police sometime in the past. A discriminant function analysis was used to identify the variables that best discriminated between the alleged false confessors and the other prison inmates. Out of 17 psychological variables and 16 criminological and substance abuse variables, two variables (number of previous imprisonments and the score on the Gough Socialisation Scale) correctly classified 93% of the non-false confessors and 32.3% of the alleged false confessors, with a total classification rate of 82.7%. The findings suggest that among Icelandic prison inmates, antisocial personality characteristics and the extent and severity of criminal behaviour, as judged by number of previous imprisonments, are the best predictors of offenders claiming to have made a false confession to the police. The implication is that among some prison inmates, making a false confession is a part of their criminal life style.
Biases Induced by Coarse Measurement Scales

Equations for calculating the biases induced by coarse measurement scales are derived. Equations for the expected value, variance, covariance, correlation coefficient, and reliability coefficient are provided. The equations can be used to study the effects of measurement scale coarseness. Examples are given that illustrate that biases can vary depending on the mean and variance of the quantities being measured, the number of scale points, the rule for assigning quantities to scale points, and the number of items in a scale. Equations for the bias limits are also derived. Under some conditions, the biases disappear as the number of scale points increases. To avoid bias, it is recommended that graphic rating scales be used.
Increasing Black Student Enrollment in Gifted Programs: An Exploration of the Pulaski County Special School District's Advocacy Efforts

An increasing amount of literature focuses on effective advocacy efforts that promote excellence in gifted education, yet educators know very little about successful advocacy efforts targeted to ensure equitable representation of Black students in programs for the gifted. In this article, the author presents findings and research of an advocacy event in Pulaski County, Arkansas, where one school district's efforts to desegregate their gifted program resulted in more Black students enrolled. Different phases of a Gifted Program Advocacy Model (G-PAM) are used to explain important components of the Pulaski County Special School District's advocacy efforts.
Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies

There is increasing interest in the beneficial clinical effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). Research has demonstrated their efficacy in a wide range of psychological conditions characterized by emotion dysregulation. Neuroimaging studies have evidenced functional and structural changes in a myriad of brain regions mainly involved in attention systems, emotion regulation, and self-referential processing. In this article we review studies on psychological and neurobiological correlates across different empirically derived models of research, including dispositional mindfulness, mindfulness induction, MBIs, and expert meditators in relation to emotion regulation. From the perspective of recent findings in the neuroscience of emotion regulation, we discuss the interplay of top-down and bottom-up emotion regulation mechanisms associated with different mindfulness models. From a phenomenological and cognitive perspective, authors have argued that mindfulness elicits a “mindful emotion regulation” strategy; however, from a clinical perspective, this construct has not been properly differentiated from other strategies and interventions within MBIs. In this context we propose the distinction between top-down and bottom-up mindfulness based emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, we propose an embodied emotion regulation framework as a multilevel approach for understanding psychobiological changes due to mindfulness meditation regarding its effect on emotion regulation. Finally, based on clinical neuroscientific evidence on mindfulness, we open perspectives and dialogues regarding commonalities and differences between MBIs and other psychotherapeutic strategies for emotion regulation.
Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure: persistence of structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities into adulthood.

BACKGROUND Human adolescence is a crucial stage of neurological development during which ethanol (EtOH) consumption is often at its highest. Alcohol abuse during adolescence may render individuals at heightened risk for subsequent alcohol abuse disorders, cognitive dysfunction, or other neurological impairments by irreversibly altering long-term brain function. To test this possibility, we modeled adolescent alcohol abuse (i.e., intermittent EtOH exposure during adolescence [AIE]) in rats to determine whether adolescent exposure to alcohol leads to long-term structural and functional changes that are manifested in adult neuronal circuitry. METHODS We specifically focused on hippocampal area CA1, a brain region associated with learning and memory. Using electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, and neuroanatomical approaches, we measured post-AIE changes in synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic structure in adulthood. RESULTS We found that AIE-pretreated adult rats manifest robust long-term potentiation, induced at stimulus intensities lower than those required in controls, suggesting a state of enhanced synaptic plasticity. Moreover, AIE resulted in an increased number of dendritic spines with characteristics typical of immaturity. Immunohistochemistry-based analysis of synaptic structures indicated a significant decrease in the number of co-localized pre- and postsynaptic puncta. This decrease is driven by an overall decrease in 2 postsynaptic density proteins, PSD-95 and SAP102. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings reveal that repeated alcohol exposure during adolescence results in enduring structural and functional abnormalities in the hippocampus. These synaptic changes in the hippocampal circuits may help to explain learning-related behavioral changes in adult animals preexposed to AIE.
Getting along with classmates in regular schools: a review of the effects of integration on the development of social relationships

The objective of this review is to find out what knowledge is available regarding the effects of integrating pupils the sensory, motor and/or mental disabilities is regular schools. This review is restricted to the effects of integration on the development of social contacts with classmates without disabilities. Analysis of 14 studies revealed contradictory conclusions: no effects were reported in some studies, while in others researchers found that special needs pupils in regular schools acquired more social contacts and friendships, and that regular and special schools differed in this respect. Only a few studies revealed negative effects of integration.
Characterization of Human CD39+ Th17 Cells with Suppressor Activity and Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Induced regulatory T-cells (iT-reg) and T helper type 17 (Th17) in the mouse share common CD4 progenitor cells and exhibit overlapping phenotypic and functional features. Here, we show that human Th17 cells endowed with suppressor activity (supTh17) can be derived following exposure of iT-reg populations to Th17 polarizing conditions. In contrast to “pathogenic” Th17, supTh17 display immune suppressive function and express high levels of CD39, an ectonucleotidase that catalyzes the conversion of pro-inflammatory extracellular nucleotides ultimately generating nucleosides. Accordingly, supTh17 exhibit nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity, as demonstrated by the efficient generation of extracellular AMP, adenosine and other purine derivatives. In addition supTh17 cells are resistant to the effects of adenosine as result of the low expression of the A2A receptor and accelerated adenosine catalysis by adenosine deaminase (ADA). These supTh17 can be detected in the blood and in the lamina propria of healthy subjects. However, these supTh17 cells are diminished in patients with Crohn’s disease. In summary, we describe a human Th17 subpopulation with suppressor activity, which expresses high levels of CD39 and consequently produces extracellular adenosine. As these uniquely suppressive CD39+ Th17 cells are decreased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, our findings might have implications for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches in these and potentially other immune disorders.
From leisure and disability to disability leisure: developing data, definitions and discourses

Although both disability studies and leisure studies have grown to become influential subject fields in their own right, there has been little discursive exchange between the two fields. This article seeks to address these equally significant gaps in disability research within leisure studies and leisure research within disability studies. Empirical data examining the role of leisure in the lives of a group of young people with cerebral palsy are introduced to contextualise definitions and discourses of leisure and disability. The article demonstrates that, for many young disabled people, the role of leisure in tackling social exclusion remains within the realms of policy rhetoric, rather than everyday reality. The dissonance between these agendas and actualities is reviewed in relation to definitions and discourses of disability and leisure evident in wider social policies, and in relation to definitions, discourses and models of disability that remain dominant within leisure provision.
COMMUNITY COLLEGE REVERSE TRANSFER STUDENTS: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

Reverse transfer students (i.e., students transferring from a baccalaureate institution to a community college) are either completers (i.e., earned a bachelor's degree) or noncompleters (i.e., did not earn a bachelor's degree). The investigation reported in this article included a procedure to construct-validate an instrument that captures data about why reverse transfer occurs and a discriminant-analysis profile that highlights differences among completers and noncompleters. The findings have implications for student recruitment, student services, and future research.
Postmodernist perceptions of teacher professionalism: a critique

This is an era of significant government involvement in schools in England, despite consistent rhetoric from the Department of Education to the contrary. In such a period, signs can be detected of the juncture between a postmodern identity and post-professional status, two models of teacher professionalism supposed in Hargreaves’ work on the fourth age of professionalism. This paper focuses on the former as the nature of the contemporary context. Defining features of postmodernity are considered through a focus on the broad issue of teacher professionalism. For this paper, this is embodied by teachers’ involvement with the development of the Primary National Curriculum for England. Evidence will be drawn from just before its 1988 introduction until 2013 in order to critique several of the key tenets of postmodernity as identified by Hargreaves. This is of particular importance in a context where a strong defence is necessary to enable the sustainment, and growth, of teachers’ professional autonomy. This paper aims to propose some strategies teachers could enact in the face of postmodern challenges.
Single-use MOSFET radiation dosimeters for the quality assurance of megavoltage photon beams

We investigated the applicability of single-use MOSFET detectors as quality-assurance devices. Using ten accelerators available at our institution, we performed output measurements in both water and solid phantoms under photon irradiation. The MOSFET detectors performed well within the manufacturer's specifications, with average deviations of 2.1% and 0.7% for the 6 and 18 MV beams, respectively. The strength of the detector's design, including its wireless set-up, factory calibration and direct read-out, makes the system an acceptable independent quality-assurance device for use in verifying machine output within an accuracy of ±5%. The MOSFET detectors provide a quick check of machine output, which can be efficacious in detecting gross errors in machine calibrations.
Undergraduate students' performance: the case of University of Malaya

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the undergraduate students' performance in the Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya and the factors influencing the performance of the undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approach – The performance of the undergraduate students in this study is measured by their cumulative grade point average (CGPA) in the final semester. In this study, the students' demographic profile, entry qualifications and the subjects taken by the students in pre‐university level are used as the predictor variable for the students' performance in the degree programme.Findings – The result of the study shows that the predictor variables do explain the variance in the students' final CGPA. In addition, it was found that knowledge prior to entering the university such as economics, mathematics and accounting is crucial in assisting the students in undertaking the courses in both business and accounting programme. The study also found that female students pe.
Are Bone Allografts Safe and Effective for Today's Dental Practitioner?

A wide variety of dental procedures, including ridge and sinus augmentation, treatment of bony defects, and extraction socket preservation, may require a bone grafting material. To meet this need, there are many choices available including alloplasts, xenografts, autografts, and allografts. In particular, allografts, being a natural, human biological matrix and readily available have proven clinically reliable. However, not all allografts are equal in terms of processing, sterility, and proven clinical performance for dental applications. Here, we review the use of disinfected and terminally sterilized bone allografts for dental applications.
High convection volume in online post-dilution haemodiafiltration: relevance, safety and costs

Increasing evidence suggests that treatment with online post-dilution haemodiafiltration (HDF) improves clinical outcome in patients with end-stage kidney disease, if compared with haemodialysis (HD). Although the primary analyses of three large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed inconclusive results, post hoc analyses of these and previous observational studies comparing online post-dilution HDF with HD showed that the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality is lowest in patients who are treated with high-volume HDF. As such, the magnitude of the convection volume seems crucial and can be considered as the ‘dose’ of HDF. In this narrative review, the relevance of high convection volume in online post-dilution HDF is discussed. In addition, we briefly touch upon some safety and cost issues.
Prolonged herpes simplex virus latency in vitro after treatment of infected cells with acyclovir and human leukocyte interferon

We previously demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can be established in a latent form in vitro by the treatment of HSV-infected human cells with (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) in combination with human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha). We now report that the substitution of BVDU with 9-[(2-hydoxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir; ACV) during a combined treatment with IFN-alpha inhibited HSV-1 replication and established in vitro virus latency that could be maintained for a longer period after inhibitor removal and a continued incubation at 37 degrees C. By contrast, the treatment of HSV-1-infected cells with combined IFN-alpha and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine, a congener of ACV, failed to establish in vitro virus latency. Furthermore, none of these inhibitors used alone was sufficient to establish in vitro virus latency. The use of nucleoside analogs differing from BVDU in their modes of action has enabled us to initiate studies designed to extend in vitro virus latency.
Strategic design of protocols to evaluate vision in research on aphasia and related disorders

Background: Most experimental and assessment tasks in studies of neurogenic language disorders rely on visual information processing. Given that many patients with such disorders have visual deficits, failure to describe and/or control for visual function may lead to invalid data collection and interpretation. A review of literature on participant description in aphasia research indicates a clear need for improvement in the description of and control for visual acuity, colour perception, visual fields, visual attention, and ocular motor functions. Few authors control for or describe even basic aspects of vision. This work was supported in part by grant number DC00153‐01A1 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. The author wishes to thank Dr Patrick Lavin and Dr Sherry Crawford for expert guidance and training on visual assessment procedures, and Dr Petula Vaz for assistance with visual assessment resources. Aims: Strategic design of visual screening protocols is advocated. Appropriate selection of screening methods depends on specific assessment and experimental tasks to be administered in a given study. Researchers are encouraged to implement, and to describe in published reports, specific procedures to address visual acuity, colour perception, visual fields, visual attention, and ocular motor functions. Main Contribution: Visual characteristics are presented within a framework of (1) those that may be evaluated as part of a case history and (2) those that may be directly screened by experimenters or assessed by collaborating professionals. Recommended screening procedures, and their relevance to various assessment and experimental tasks, are described to assist researchers in strategically designing visual assessment protocols for future studies involving individuals with aphasia and related disorders. Conclusions: Improved assessment of visual function will improve the validity, quality, and replicability of research as well as readers' interpretations of published data and authors' conclusions. Formative feedback concerning appropriate participant control and description is critical for improving the peer review process for research publication and funding. As training in visual assessment is not central to the training of most researchers in neurogenic communication disorders, further focus on this important issue within graduate programmes and continuing education curricula is needed.
Effectiveness of a program on evidence-based dentistry in dental students

INTRODUCTION: Evidence-based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral healthcare by combining the best scientific evidence and clinical diagnostics, clinical expertise of the dentist, and the patient's treatment needs and preferences. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an education program on EBD offered in a community-dentistry course in improving knowledge and attitudes of students in this regard. STUDY METHODS: By a quasi-experimental study design, 64 senior dental students of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan recruited in a controlled trial. All of the students were randomized as intervention (32) and control (32) groups. A course-based educational program on EBD was randomly assigned to one group. Actual knowledge, self-assessed knowledge, and attitudes, before and after education, were measured in both groups. A questionnaire consisted of 40 items developed by the researcher was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The difference between mean scores at two timelines were measured and compared in three fields by paired t-test and independent t-test analysis via SPSS version 20 software. RESULTS: While the mean scores of actual and self-assessed knowledge and attitude were not significantly different between two groups at the beginning of the program (P > 0.05), the mean scores of all fields in the intervention group were significantly more than those of the control group after education (P < 0.001). The effect size of intervention was 86%, 62%, and 57% in three fields, respectively. There was not a significant difference between mean scores of three fields in the control group, after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Due to the poor knowledge and attitudes of students and improved knowledge and attitudes of the intervention group after education, the education program seems to be effective. Durability of educational impact and evaluating evidence-based performance can be studied in the future.
Study of P/E Cycling Endurance Induced Degradation in SANOS Memories Under NAND (FN/FN) Operation

Program/Erase (P/E) cycling endurance in poly-Si/Al2O3/SiN/SiO2/Si (SANOS) memories is systematically studied. Cycling-induced trap generation, memory window (MW) closure, and eventual stack breakdown are shown to be strongly influenced by the material composition of the silicon nitride (SiN) charge trap layer. P/E pulsewidth and amplitude, as well as starting program and erase flatband voltage (VFB) levels (therefore the overall MW), are shown to uniquely impact stack degradation and breakdown. An electron-flux-driven anode hole generation model is proposed, and trap generation in both SiN and tunnel oxide are used to explain stack degradation and breakdown. This paper emphasizes the importance of SiN layer optimization for reliably sustaining large MW during P/E operation of SANOS memories.
Gender and patterns of language development in mother-toddler and father-toddler dyads

The study examined parent, child, and dyadic gender effects in parent reports of words and MLUs. Mothers and fathers from 113 families completed the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Toddlers when the toddlers were 1;7; half completed a follow-up at 2;0. Child gender differences in words and MLUs increased over time and parent gender differences decreased. Dyadic analyses revealed bidirectional influences. At 1;7, dyadic scores for words and MLUs displayed a descending pattern from mother—daughter, to mother—son, to father—daughter, to father—son dyads. At 2;0, the most and fewest words were reported in mother—daughter and mother—son dyads, respectively; and the longest and shortest MLUs in father—daughter and father—son dyads, respectively. The data raise questions about the ‘bridge hypothesis. ’ They suggest that fathers are more likely to provide a bridge for daughters than for sons; daughters may play an active role in eliciting this behavior.