Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atypical and Typical Winter Depressive Symptoms and Responsiveness to Light Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, or Combination Treatment

Abstract : This study examined whether atypical and typical depressive symptoms in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) differentially predict treatment outcome. Participants (N=61) fulfilled criteria for Major Depression, Recurrent with Seasonal Pattern, and completed a 6-week randomized clinical trial comparing light therapy (LT), group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), or combination therapy (CBT+LT). Atypical and typical symptoms were assessed using subscales of the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression - SAD Version (SIGH-SAD). Pre-treatment atypical symptom severity correlated significantly and positively with SIGH-SAD improvement and with post-treatment response and remission status, but did not significantly predict treatment outcome in multivariate analyses. Unexpectedly, severity of hyperphagia predicted poor post-treatment response and remission. Fatigue positively predicted post-treatment response and remission. Results revealed large and comparable improvements in atypical and typical symptoms over all three treatments. These findings suggest that atypical symptom severity is associated with favorable outcomes, regardless of treatment modality.
The Development of Orientation and Direction Selectivity in the Primary Visual Cortex and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Classic studies of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex (V1) in carnivores and primates have found that a majority of neurons in LGN exhibit a center-surround organization, while V1 neurons exhibit strong orientation selectivity and, in many species, direction selectivity. This has led to the prevailing model that orientation and direction selectivity are computed anew in the cortex. However, recent work in mice has indicated that direction-selective cells from the retina project directly to the LGN, and some species may have orientation and direction selectivity in the LGN. To examine whether LGN cells make a substantial contribution to cortical orientation selectivity, we examined orientation and direction selectivity in LGN and V1 neurons of a highly visual diurnal rodent: the gray squirrel. Although direction selectivity was weak overall, LGN layers 3abc exhibited elevated direction selectivity index values compared to LGN layers 1 and 2. These results suggest that, for central visual fields, the contribution of orientation-and direction-selective channels from the LGN to V1 is small in the squirrel. However, orientation and direction selectivity that may be found transiently during development, and might seed cortical orientation or direction selectivity, has yet to be studied. We performed electrophysiological records on ferrets at eye opening (P30-35). Preliminary results indicate that the developing LGN may exhibit some orientation and direction selectivity. Future experiments will involve collecting more data from ferrets early in development, at around the time of opening. The primary visual cortex (V1) is the first site in the primate visual system where there are close correspondences between the response properties of neurons and perceptual behaviors of the animal, making it a critical area for the study of cortical circuitry. Two fundamental response properties of neurons in V1 are the selectivity to stimulus orientation and direction. In this work, we will review the visual pathways, development, and models for the circuit origins of these computations in V1 and its antecedent structures, in particular the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Finally, we will describe the direction of our research addressing this field. Orientation selectivity, the preferential response of neurons to a stimulus (such as a bar of light) oriented at a particular angle, was first described in the primary visual cortex of the cat and has since been found in V1 in all examined mammals (Hubel and display a further type of selectivity for the stimulus direction of motion, or direction selectivity, in which the …
Transcriptional reprogramming underpins enhanced plant growth promotion by the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma hamatum GD12 during antagonistic interactions with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil

Summary The free‐living soil fungus Trichoderma hamatum strain GD12 is notable amongst Trichoderma strains in both controlling plant diseases and stimulating plant growth, a property enhanced during its antagonistic interactions with pathogens in soil. These attributes, alongside its markedly expanded genome and proteome compared with other biocontrol and plant growth‐promoting Trichoderma strains, imply a rich potential for sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides and fertilizers for the control of plant disease and for increasing yields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the transcriptional responses of GD12 underpinning its biocontrol and plant growth promotion capabilities during antagonistic interactions with the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil. Using an extensive mRNA‐seq study capturing different time points during the pathogen–antagonist interaction in soil, we show that dynamic and biphasic signatures in the GD12 transcriptome underpin its biocontrol and plant (lettuce) growth‐promoting activities. Functional predictions of differentially expressed genes demonstrate the enrichment of transcripts encoding proteins involved in transportation and oxidation–reduction reactions during both processes and an over‐representation of siderophores. We identify a biphasic response during biocontrol characterized by a significant induction of transcripts encoding small‐secreted cysteine‐rich proteins, secondary metabolite‐producing gene clusters and genes unique to GD12. These data support the hypothesis that Sclerotinia biocontrol is mediated by the synthesis and secretion of antifungal compounds and that GD12's unique reservoir of uncharacterized genes is actively recruited during the effective biological control of a plurivorous plant pathogen.
Interrelations of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism: folic acid clearance studies.

The studies of many investigators have led to a unified concept of the megaloblastic anemias as a single morphologic entity due to defective nucleoprotein synthesis from various causes. The vast majority of patients with megaloblastic anemia have been found to have deficiency of vitamin B12, of folic acid, or of both vitamins. For this reason, the possible interrelations of these two vitamins have long piqued the curiosity of investigators (1, 2). Orally administered or injected pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) (folic acid) has been reported to disappear rapidly into the tissues of vitamin B12(leficient patients, as manifested by rapid disappearance of Streptococcus faecalis activity from serum and urine (3-6). 'The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether the rapid disappearance of folic acid activity for S. faecalis from the serum of subjects with pernicious anemia reflects tissue depletion of folic acid, as believed by prior investigators, or instead indicates inadequate utilization of folic acid due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Prior results of part of these studies (7-10) suggest that the latter is the case. Incidental to these observations, the effect of intravenously administered PGA on serum vitamin B12 and on erythrocyte folic acid activity was determined. The studies here presented elaborate on our preliminary reports (7-10), indicating that folic acid activity "piles up" in human serum in the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency. The accumulation of this folic acid activity (probably N5methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid) provides direct evidence of deranged folic acid metabolism due to vitamin B12 deficiency. This folic acid-vitamin B12 interrelationship may explain much of the confu-
VARIATION OF INNER RADIUS OF DUST TORUS IN NGC4151

Long-term optical and near-infrared monitoring observations for a type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) NGC 4151 were carried out for six years from 2001 to 2006 by using the MAGNUM telescope, and delayed response of flux variations in the K(2.2 μm) band to those in the V(0.55 μm) band was clearly detected. Based on cross-correlation analysis, we precisely measured a lag time Δt for eight separate periods and we found that Δt is not constant, changing between 30 and 70 d during the monitoring period. Since Δt is the light travel time from the central energy source out to the surrounding dust torus, this is the first convincing evidence that the inner radius of the dust torus did change in an individual AGN. In order to relate such a change of Δt with a change of AGN luminosity L, we present a method of taking an average of the observed V-band fluxes that corresponds to the measured value of Δt, and we find that the time-changing track of NGC 4151 in the Δt versus L diagram during the monitoring period deviates from the relation Δt ∝ L0.5 expected from dust reverberation. This result, combined with the elapsed time from period to period for which Δt was measured, indicates that the timescale of dust formation is about one year, which should be taken into account as a new constraint in future studies of dust evolution in AGNs.
Ieee Transactions on Image Processing 1 Transferring Visual Prior for Online Object Tracking

—Visual prior from generic real-world images can be learned and transferred for representing objects in a scene. Motivated by this, we propose an algorithm that transfers visual prior learned offline for online object tracking. From a collection of real-world images, we learn an over-complete dictionary to represent visual prior. The prior knowledge of objects is generic and the training image set does not necessarily contain any observation of the target object. During the tracking process, the learned visual prior is transferred to construct an object representation by sparse coding and multi-scale max pooling. With this representation, a linear classifier is learned online to distinguish the target from the background, and to account for the target and background appearance variations over time. Tracking is then carried out within a Bayesian inference framework, in which the learned classifier is used to construct the observation model and a particle filter is used to estimate the tracking result sequentially. Experiments on a variety of challenging sequences with comparisons to several state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that more robust object tracking can be achieved by transferring visual prior.
Prevention of Iatrogenic Atrial Tachycardia After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Ablation With a Modified Approach

Background—Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) is effective in curing atrial fibrillation (AF), but new-onset left atrial tachycardia (AT) is a potential complication. We evaluated whether a modified CPVA approach including additional ablation lines on posterior wall and the mitral isthmus would reduce the incidence of AT after PV ablation. Methods and Results—A total of 560 patients (291 men, 52%; age, 56.5±7.3 years) entered the study; 280 were randomized to CPVA alone (group 1) and 280 to modified CPVA (group 2). The primary end point was freedom from AT after the procedure. In group 1, 28 patients (10%) experienced new-onset AT, and 41 (14.3%) experienced recurrent AF. In group 2, 11 patients (3.9%) experienced AT, and 36 (12.9%) had recurrent AF. Group 1 was more likely to experience AT than group 2 (P=0.005). Freedom from AF after ablation was similar in both groups (P=0.57). Among those in group 1, gap-related macroreentrant AT was documented in 23 of the 28 patients (82%), and focal AT was found in 5 (18%). In group 2, gap-related macroreentrant AT was found in 8 of the 11 patients (73%), and focal AT was seen in 3 (27%). Two patients in group 1 and 1 patient in group 2 had both AT and AF. The strongest predictor of AT was the presence of gaps (P<0.001). Conclusions—Modified CPVA is as effective as CPVA in preventing AF but is associated with a lower risk of developing incessant AT.
Children Using Cochlear Implants Capitalize on Acoustical Hearing for Music Perception

Cochlear implants (CIs) electrically stimulate the auditory nerve providing children who are deaf with access to speech and music. Because of device limitations, it was hypothesized that children using CIs develop abnormal perception of musical cues. Perception of pitch and rhythm as well as memory for music was measured by the children’s version of the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA) in 23 unilateral CI users and 22 age-matched children with normal hearing. Children with CIs were less accurate than their normal hearing peers (p < 0.05). CI users were best able to discern rhythm changes (p < 0.01) and to remember musical pieces (p < 0.01). Contrary to expectations, abilities to hear cues in music improved as the age at implantation increased (p < 0.01). Because the children implanted at older ages also had better low frequency hearing prior to cochlear implantation and were able to use this hearing by wearing hearing aids. Access to early acoustical hearing in the lower frequency ranges appears to establish a base for music perception, which can be accessed with later electrical CI hearing.
Subcellular distribution of glycanases and related components in Ruminococcus albus SY3 and their role in cell adhesion to cellulose

Aims: To compare the subcellular distribution of glycanase‐related components between wild‐type Ruminococcus albus SY3 and an adhesion‐defective mutant, to identify their possible contribution to the adhesion process, and to determine their association with cellulosome‐like complexes.
Improved Salinity Tolerance of Rice Through Cell Type-Specific Expression of AtHKT1;1

Previously, cell type-specific expression of AtHKT1;1, a sodium transporter, improved sodium (Na+) exclusion and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis. In the current work, AtHKT1;1, was expressed specifically in the root cortical and epidermal cells of an Arabidopsis GAL4-GFP enhancer trap line. These transgenic plants were found to have significantly improved Na+ exclusion under conditions of salinity stress. The feasibility of a similar biotechnological approach in crop plants was explored using a GAL4-GFP enhancer trap rice line to drive expression of AtHKT1;1 specifically in the root cortex. Compared with the background GAL4-GFP line, the rice plants expressing AtHKT1;1 had a higher fresh weight under salinity stress, which was related to a lower concentration of Na+ in the shoots. The root-to-shoot transport of 22Na+ was also decreased and was correlated with an upregulation of OsHKT1;5, the native transporter responsible for Na+ retrieval from the transpiration stream. Interestingly, in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtHKT1;1 in the cortex and epidermis, the native AtHKT1;1 gene responsible for Na+ retrieval from the transpiration stream, was also upregulated. Extra Na+ retrieved from the xylem was stored in the outer root cells and was correlated with a significant increase in expression of the vacuolar pyrophosphatases (in Arabidopsis and rice) the activity of which would be necessary to move the additional stored Na+ into the vacuoles of these cells. This work presents an important step in the development of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants via targeted changes in mineral transport.
Discriminative analysis for image to sound mapping

This paper presents a comparison study of the existing methodologies for the conversion of images to sounds and determines the suitability and reliability of these techniques of data mapping. It also discusses enhancements that are needed to improve these mapping techniques. Many people have tried image-to-sound mapping or data-to-sound mapping and failed to prove the useful results and many people haven't followed the principles of psychoacoustics in implementing image to sound conversion methods. They failed to utilize the limitations of the human hearing system. The important bottleneck in this kind of experiments is that humans can't remember the normal sounds as compared to music. Most of the available tools have been tested on the participants and has been discovered that the technology available to convert data streams into sounds was not sufficient and needed an improvement.
Aspects of Exercise before or after Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review

Background: Bariatric surgery has a considerable effect on weight loss. A positive relation of exercise and weight loss has been described before. However, the mode of exercise and its timing pre- or postoperatively or a combination remains unclear. Methods: A multi-database search was conducted. Identified articles were reviewed on description of exercise, timing around a bariatric intervention, and outcome. Methodological quality of the included studies was rated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. A Cohen's kappa score assessed the level of agreement. Outcome measurements were improvement of anthropometric and physical fitness variables, operation related complications, weight regain, and quality of life. Results: A total of 8 prospective studies were included. Four focused on training before and 4 on training after a bariatric procedure. Details of exercises varied from 45 min treadmill up to full descriptive programs. Supervision was frequently included. Significant improvement was encountered for biometric results physical fitness variables. Conclusion: In the majority of reports on exercising in a (future) bariatric population, positive effects on anthropometrics, cardiovascular risk factors and physical fitness were described. However, the results were not unanimous, with a wide range of exercise programs and perioperative timing, therefore hampering adequate practical guidance.
Reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortical hemodynamic response in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during the verbal fluency task

Background Near-infrared spectroscopy has helped our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and has advantages including noninvasiveness, lower cost, and ease of use compared with other imaging techniques, like functional magnetic resonance imaging. The verbal fluency task is the most common and well established task used to assess cognitive activation during near-infrared spectroscopy. Recent functional neuroimaging studies have shown that the orbitofrontal cortex and other brain regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, may play important roles in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to evaluate hemodynamic responses in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with OCD using near-infrared spectroscopy during the verbal fluency task and to compare these with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex responses in healthy controls. Methods Twenty patients with OCD and 20 controls matched for age, gender, handedness, and estimated intelligence quotient participated in this study. The verbal fluency task was used to elicit near-infrared spectroscopic activation and consisted of a 30-second pre-task, followed by three repetitions of a 20-second verbal fluency task (total 60 seconds), followed by a 70-second post-task period. The near-infrared spectroscopy experiment was conducted on the same day as surveys of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Z-scores for changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin were compared between the OCD patients and controls in 14 channels set over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar areas. Results During the verbal fluency task, significant task-related activation was detected in both the OCD group and the controls. Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly smaller in the OCD group than in the controls, but were not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion Patients with OCD have reduced prefrontal, especially right dorsolateral prefrontal, cortical hemodynamic responses as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during the verbal fluency task. These results support the hypothesis that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays a role in the pathophysiology of OCD.
Life Skills Interventions to Improve Social Confidence, Self-Management, and Protection against Drug Use in Rural Elementary School Aged Children

ABSTRACT This pilot project evaluated the effectiveness of a life skills training program for elementary-school-aged children for development of social confidence, self-management, and general social and drug resistance skills. The setting was a rural community after-school program. Children participated in 30-min weekly sessions for 8 weeks. Pre- and posttest scores were analyzed to determine effectiveness of the program. Results showed improvements in antismoking and antidrinking attitudes and use of self-management and general social skills, and social confidence in conflict situations. The life skills training intervention serves as a potential supplement to community programs for the prevention of behaviors such as bullying, smoking and drug use among elementary school aged children.
On Binary Classification with Single-Layer Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional neural networks are becoming standard tools for solving object recognition and visual tasks. However, most of the design and implementation of these complex models are based on trail-and-error. In this report, the main focus is to consider some of the important factors in designing convolutional networks to perform better. Specifically, classification with wide single-layer networks with large kernels as a general framework is considered. Particularly, we will show that pre-training using unsupervised schemes is vital, reasonable regularization is beneficial and applying of strong regularizers like dropout could be devastating. Pool size is also could be as important as learning procedure itself. In addition, it has been presented that using such a simple and relatively fast model for classifying cats and dogs, performance is close to state-of-the-art achievable by a combination of SVM models on color and texture features.
FLIC: Fast, lightweight checkpointing for mobile virtualization using NVRAM

Checkpointing is a key enabler of hibernation, live migration and fault-tolerance for virtual machines (VMs) in mobile devices. However, checkpointing a VM is usually heavy-weight: the VM's entire memory needs to be dumped to storage, which induces a significant amount of (slow) I/O operations, degrading system performance and user experience. In this paper, we propose FLIC, a fast and lightweight checkpointing machinery for virtualized mobile devices by taking advantages of recent byte-addressable, non-volatile memory (NVRAM). Instead of saving the VM's entire memory to storage, we store its working set pages in NVRAM, avoiding accessing slow flash memory (compared to server-grade SSDs). To cope with the energy constraint of mobile systems, we further deduplicate VM snapshots, reducing the VM's image size and saving storage space. Experimental results based on an Exynos 5250 SoC show that our approach can effectively improve the performance of checkpointing in mobile virutalization and save energy.