Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Religion on Voting For Female Congressional Candidates

Abstract Research shows that areas with high levels of aggregate religiosity are less likely to elect female candidates to national, state, and local offices. These studies, however, do not determine the causal mechanisms underlying this relationship. In the present analysis, we seek to examine what role, if any, religious exposure and tradition play in determining individuals’ general election vote choices in mixed-gender contests. To explore this relationship, we use data from the 2010 and 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Studies. We find some evidence of a relationship between religious beliefs and voting for female congressional candidates; when compared to secular voters, evangelical Protestants and Catholics are more likely to vote for Republican women and less likely to support Democratic women. Our results, however, also underscore partisan identities’ central role in shaping individual vote choice, regardless of a candidate's gender.
Pride, Shame, and Group Identification

Self-conscious emotions such as shame and pride are emotions that typically focus on the self of the person who feels them. In other words, the intentional object of these emotions is assumed to be the subject that experiences them. Many reasons speak in its favor and yet this account seems to leave a question open: how to cash out those cases in which one genuinely feels ashamed or proud of what someone else does? This paper contends that such cases do not necessarily challenge the idea that shame and pride are about the emoting subject. Rather, we claim that some of the most paradigmatic scenarios of shame and pride induced by others can be accommodated by taking seriously the consideration that, in such cases, the subject “group-identifies” with the other. This is the idea that, in feeling these forms of shame or pride, the subject is conceiving of herself as a member of the same group as the subject acting shamefully or in an admirable way. In other words, these peculiar emotive responses are elicited in the subject insofar as, and to the extent that, she is (or sees herself as being) a member of a group – the group to which those who act shamefully or admirably also belong. By looking into the way in which the notion of group identification can allow for an account of hetero-induced shame and pride, this paper attempts to achieve a sort of mutual enlightenment that brings to light not only an important and generally neglected form of self-conscious emotions, but also relevant features of group identification. In particular, it generates evidence for the idea that group identification is a psychological process that the subject does not have to carry out intentionally in the sense that it is not necessarily triggered by the subject’s conative states like desires or intentions.
Predicting Movie Box Office Profitability: A Neural Network Approach

In this research, we have developed a model for predicting the profitability class of a movie namely "Profit" and "Loss" based on the data about movies released between the years 2010 and 2015. Our methodology considers both historical data as well as data extracted from the social media. This data is normalized and then given a weight using standard normalization techniques. The cleaned and normalized dataset is then used to train a back-propagation cross entropy validated neural network. Results show that our strategy of identifying the class of success is highly effective and accurate when compared to the results from using a support machine vector on the data.
Estimation of the CoM and CoP using a 3D body scanning systems: Validation with force plate: A case study

Human body Center of Mass (CoM) and Center of Pressure (CoP) kinematics are related to stability and balance control. However their evaluation can only be performed in motion analysis lab using different techniques. One of the more accurate is based on the segmental method, in which the body is modelled as a set of rigid bodies, each of which has different mass properties. In this study, we proposed an alternative estimation of the CoM and CoP, based on the segmental method and the 3D scanning of the human body. Knowing the CoM of each segment, the position of the overall CoM and CoP for poses different from the one used during the body acquisition could be predicted. The proposed method was validated by asking to a subject to assume different postures while standing on a force platform by comparing the resulting CoP with the one estimated with the segmental model. Although the approximations introduced in the model results were comparable.
Direct Projections from Cochlear Nuclear Complex to Auditory Thalamus in the Rat

It is known that the dorsal cochlear nucleus and medial geniculate body in the auditory system receive significant inputs from somatosensory and visual–motor sources, but the purpose of such inputs is not totally understood. Moreover, a direct connection of these structures has not been demonstrated, because it is generally accepted that the inferior colliculus is an obligatory relay for all ascending input. In the present study, we have used auditory neurophysiology, double labeling with anterograde tracers, and retrograde tracers to investigate the ascending projections of the cochlear nuclear complex. We demonstrate that the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the small cell cap of the ventral cochlear nucleus have a direct projection to the medial division of the medial geniculate body. These direct projections from the cochlear nucleus complex bypass the inferior colliculus and are widely distributed within the medial division of the medial geniculate, suggesting that the projection is not topographic. As a nonlemniscal auditory pathway that parallels the conventional auditory lemniscal pathway, its functions may be distinct from the perception of sound. Because this pathway links the parts of the auditory system with prominent nonauditory, multimodal inputs, it may form a neural network through which nonauditory sensory and visual–motor systems may modulate auditory information processing.
Identifying Sleep Regulatory Genes Using a Drosophila Model of Insomnia

Although it is widely accepted that sleep must serve an essential biological function, little is known about molecules that underlie sleep regulation. Given that insomnia is a common sleep disorder that disrupts the ability to initiate and maintain restorative sleep, a better understanding of its molecular underpinning may provide crucial insights into sleep regulatory processes. Thus, we created a line of flies using laboratory selection that share traits with human insomnia. After 60 generations, insomnia-like (ins-l) flies sleep 60 min a day, exhibit difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and show evidence of daytime cognitive impairment. ins-l flies are also hyperactive and hyperresponsive to environmental perturbations. In addition, they have difficulty maintaining their balance, have elevated levels of dopamine, are short-lived, and show increased levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. Although their core molecular clock remains intact, ins-l flies lose their ability to sleep when placed into constant darkness. Whole-genome profiling identified genes that are modified in ins-l flies. Among those differentially expressed transcripts, genes involved in metabolism, neuronal activity, and sensory perception constituted over-represented categories. We demonstrate that two of these genes are upregulated in human subjects after acute sleep deprivation. Together, these data indicate that the ins-l flies are a useful tool that can be used to identify molecules important for sleep regulation and may provide insights into both the causes and long-term consequences of insomnia.
Empirical Findings on Prevalence and Risk Groups of Bullying in the Workplace

This chapter aims at summarising some descriptive empirical fi ndings of bullying in the workplace. We will start with the frequency and the duration of bullying. This is followed by an examination of the number, gender, and status of bullies and victims; the distribution of bullying across industries and occupations; and the use of various categories of bullying. The empirical basis of this chapter is restricted to studies carried out in Europe (see Table 3.3, Appendix, for an overview of the included studies). The phenomenon of bullying, which includes being exposed to persistent insults or offensive remarks, persistent criticism, and personal or even physical abuse, has been labelled “mobbing at work” in some Scandinavian and German countries (Leymann, 1996) and “bullying at work” in many Englishspeaking countries (Liefooghe and Olafsson, 1999). Typically, a victim is CONTENTS
Does access to external storage lead to less emphasis on learning

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of having access to external memory storage on what students encode in internal memory. The accessibility of external information makes it very easy to get to without having to exert a lot of mental effort. I investigated how typing and saving notes about facts on a computer would impact internal memory if participants knew they would have access to their notes when tested on the facts. In Experiment 1 participants heard trivia facts and took notes on each one, which they saved to one of six folders. Half of the participants were told they would be able to access the folders during the test while the other half were told they would not. At test, participants were asked if they recognized a fact as one they had studied and into which folder they had saved notes about that fact. Although no participants actually were given access to their notes during the recognition test, fact memory was close to ceiling for both groups and was higher than folder memory, with no differences between access groups. Experiment 2 included easy and difficult facts and participants were given a cued recall test on both the facts and the folders. Access condition had no effect, but cued recall was higher for easy facts, and more folders were recalled than facts when the facts were hard. Performance also depended on the quality of notes that participants had taken, with higher quality notes for easier facts. Further investigation is needed to determine how information is prioritized for encoding internally when it is also available externally.
PAPR Reduction in LFDMA Using Hadamard Transform Technique

The power consumption is an essential issue for designers of mobile devices. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) suffers from its Peak – to – Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. The Discrete Fourier Transmission Spread OFDM (DFTS-OFDM) based on Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) has been widely adopted due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of transmits signals compared with OFDM. There are three types of mapping in SCFDMA. These namely Localized FDMA (LFDMA), Distributed FDMA (DFDMA), and Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA). In this paper, we propose a modified SCFDMA. This is based on using Hadamard transform instead of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Utilizing LFDMA Mapping techniques this is proposed for uplink scenario of LTE. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces PAPR compared to the conventional SCFDMA while the BER does not degraded.
Value Learning and Arousal in the Extinction of Probabilistic Rewards: The Role of Dopamine in a Modified Temporal Difference Model

Because most rewarding events are probabilistic and changing, the extinction of probabilistic rewards is important for survival. It has been proposed that the extinction of probabilistic rewards depends on arousal and the amount of learning of reward values. Midbrain dopamine neurons were suggested to play a role in both arousal and learning reward values. Despite extensive research on modeling dopaminergic activity in reward learning (e.g. temporal difference models), few studies have been done on modeling its role in arousal. Although temporal difference models capture key characteristics of dopaminergic activity during the extinction of deterministic rewards, they have been less successful at simulating the extinction of probabilistic rewards. By adding an arousal signal to a temporal difference model, we were able to simulate the extinction of probabilistic rewards and its dependence on the amount of learning. Our simulations propose that arousal allows the probability of reward to have lasting effects on the updating of reward value, which slows the extinction of low probability rewards. Using this model, we predicted that, by signaling the prediction error, dopamine determines the learned reward value that has to be extinguished during extinction and participates in regulating the size of the arousal signal that controls the learning rate. These predictions were supported by pharmacological experiments in rats.
Five strategies for improving group effectiveness

The purpose of this paper is to present five strategies that can help organizations improve productivity in decision making and problem solving groups. These strategies are: Developing and building teams with the appropriate participants. Undertaking techniques that will improve and enhance team creativity. Coaching the team members and training them to improve their behaviour, communication and thinking skills. Planning the team event and supporting the meeting by using effective facilitation techniques and interventions. Utilizing the appropriate technology in order to improve communication, idea generation and group memory. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of hydraulic tests at different scales to characterize fracture network properties in the weathered‐fractured layer of a hard rock aquifer

The hydrodynamic properties of the weathered‐fractured layer of a hard‐rock pilot watershed in a granitic terrain are characterized using hydraulic tests at different scales. The interpretation of numerous slug tests leads us to characterize the statistical distribution of local permeabilities in the wells. The application of flowmeter profiles during injection tests determines the vertical distribution of conductive fracture zones and their permeabilities. It appears that the extension of the most conductive part of the weathered‐fractured layer is limited down to 35 m depth. The partition of drainage porosity between blocks (90%) and fractures (10%) is determined thanks to the interpretation of pumping tests using a double‐porosity model. The application of anisotropic and single‐fracture analytical solutions on pumping test data allows us to determine, respectively, the degree of anisotropy of permeability (Kr/Kz = 10) and the radius (4–16 m) of the horizontal conductive fractures crossed by the wells. Two different scales of fracture networks are identified: the primary fracture network (PFN), which affects the matrix on a decimeter scale by contributing to an increase in the permeability and storage capacity of the blocks, and the secondary fracture network (SFN), which affects the blocks at the borehole scale. SFN is composed of two sets of fractures. The main set of horizontal fractures is responsible for the subhorizontal permeability of the weathered‐fractured layer. A second set of less permeable subvertical fractures insures the connectivity of the aquifer at the borehole scale. The good connectivity of fracture networks is shown by fractional‐dimension flow solutions. The absence of scale effect in the study area suggests that the hydraulic conductivity at the borehole scale is laterally homogeneous. Finally, the analysis and synthesis of the hydrodynamic properties allow us to propose a comprehensive hydrodynamic model of the fractured‐weathered layer. Many geological and hydrogeological indicators suggest that a continuous and laterally homogeneous weathering process is responsible for the origin of the fractures and permeability encountered in the aquifer. These results confirm the major role played by weathering in the origin of fractures and on resulting hydrodynamic parameters in the shallow part of hard‐rock aquifers.
Risk-based regulation and reforms to fitness to practise tribunals in the United Kingdom: Serving the public interest?

In this paper, I outline recent policy reforms to the General Medical Council (GMC) and how these are designed to promote greater public confidence in its management of the patient complaint and fitness to practise tribunal process. I explore how in spite of a decade of reform, potential for bias remains in relation to how issues of race and ethnicity, disability, age, class, gender and English language proficiency intersect with complaint making and case progression. I draw on reviews of and data from the GMC to examine the key issues surrounding the representativeness of the medical tribunal process, in terms of members’ age, gender and race and ethnicity. I note that, as in other high-income countries, there is a tendency within the United Kingdom (UK) for the risk-focused regulatory system to focus its reforming agenda on the more effective performance management of cost and risk, rather than on inculcating a more diverse patient presence and biographical profile within the day-to-day operation of regulatory regimes. I argue that this might unintentionally lead to the promotion of an optimism bias within risk-focused regulatory systems, potentially leading to a failure to communicate realistic perceptions of medical risk to patients and their families, and in doing so perhaps serving to further exacerbate the situation when instances of medical error and negligence occur. I conclude that current regulatory reforms in the UK are unlikely as a result to as fully promote the public interest and patient safety as they intend.
Quadratic Programming Approach to Coupled Resonator Filter CAD

A computer-aided design technique for coupled resonator filters is presented. The technique is formulated as a bound constrained quadratic programming (QP) problem and predicated upon coupling matrix identification. The identification relies on the derivation of a rational model of the filter response and is formulated as a bound constrained QP problem. The definition of the optimization procedure in the form of a QP problem with an assumption of linear dependence of the coupling coefficients on filter geometrical dimensions leads to a significant reduction of the number of the full-wave electromagnetic simulations required to satisfy specifications. The proposed procedure is verified by designing and fabricating three microstrip filters
A General Multiple Distributed Lag Framework for Estimating the Dynamic Effects of Promotions

Game attendance resulting from ticket sales is the single largest revenue stream for Major League Baseball MLB teams. We propose a general multiple distributed lag framework following the Koyck family of models for estimating MLB attendance drivers and focus specifically on the differential direct and carryover effects of in-game promotions. By setting various model constraints, the proposed framework incorporates different forms of serial correlation and promotion-specific dynamic effects. Using information model-selection heuristics, we select an optimal model of attendance drivers for the Pittsburgh Pirates' 2010--2012 MLB seasons. We demonstrate that our newly proposed model with an unrestricted serial correlation structure performs best. We find that although kids promotions have the highest direct effect on attendance, giveaway and entertainment promotions have substantial carryover effects and the largest total effects. We use our results to optimize the Pirates' promotional schedule and find that a reallocation of resources across promotional categories can increase profits between 39% and 88%. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1287/mnsc.2013. 1856 . This paper was accepted by Eric Bradlow, special issue on business analytics.
Deep Chandra and Multicolor HST Observations of the Jets of 3C 371 and PKS 2201+044

This paper presents multiwavelength imaging and broadband spectroscopy of the relativistic jets in the two nearby radio galaxies 3C 371 and PKS 2201+044, acquired with Chandra, HST, VLA, and MERLIN. Radio polarization is also presented for 3C 371. The two sources stand out as "intermediate" between FR I and FR II type galaxies; their cores are classified as BL Lacertae objects, although broad and narrow optical emission lines were detected at times. The multiwavelength images show jet morphologies with the X-ray emission peaking closer to the nucleus than the longer wavelengths. The jets are resolved at all wavelengths in a direction perpendicular to the jet axis. The jets SEDs are consistent with a single spectral component from radio to X-rays, interpreted as synchrotron emission. The SEDs show a progressive softening from the inner to the outer regions of the jet, indicating that the electron break energy moves to lower energies with distance from the core. Overall, the X-ray and multiwavelength properties of the jets of 3C 371 and PKS 2201+044 appear intermediate between those of FR I and FR II galaxies.
Efficient Experimental Design for the Behrens-Fisher Problem With Application to Bioassay

A common experimental design for the problem of comparing two means from a normal distribution assumes knowledge of the ratio of the population variances. The optimal sampling ratio is proportional to the square root of this quantity. This article demonstrates that a misspecification of the ratio of the population variances can cause a substantial loss in power of the corresponding tests. As a robust alternative, a maximin approach is used to construct designs, which are efficient, whenever the experimenter is able to specify a specific region for the ratio of the population variances. The advantages of the robust designs for inference in the Behrens-Fisher problem are illustrated in a simulation study and an application to the design of experiment for bioassay is presented.
Reputation Management in P 2 P Networks : The EigenTrust Algorithm

Peer-to-Peer networks is a fast developing branch of Computer Science and many researchers are developing new algorithms for such systems. After the success of systems like Gnapster, Kazza, the use of such networks became a necessity. Unfortunately the open and anonymous nature of these systems, makes the surveillance of the network almost impossible, leaving many open doors for malicious individuals, who want to profit from what the system is offering. This lack of accountability opens new problems for P2P Systems, like: Anonymity, Scalability, Incentives, Security, Trust, Load Management, Correctness, etc.
Selection Issues of Formative Models

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of the issues related to formative modeling and the implications for its use, including some practical suggestions on methods for utilizing causal indicators within models. Design/methodology/approach In order to understand and explore the issues relating to formative models, this paper explores both formative and reflective indicators that together address the basic approach to the causal relationship within measurement models in structural equations modeling. Process recommendations for formative model/variable conceptualization and development are presented as well as a discussion of several evaluative issues including identification and proportionality. Some of the main arguments for and against its use are also discussed. Findings While the literature on formative models stresses its contribution to behavioral sciences, perhaps its greatest contribution is the flexibility of choice that it provides researchers in the development of models to more accurately estimate the relationship under consideration. Originality/value The paper contributes to the on-going debate on the relative advantages and disadvantages of the formative and reflective approaches to modeling and examination. Although the pendulum has swung in recent years away from an almost singular focus on reflective models, both approaches provide useful and complementary tools to theoretical management research modeling.