Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIRECT BENEFITS AND THE EVOLUTION OF FEMALE‐BIASED COOPERATIVE BREEDING IN SEYCHELLES WARBLERS

Abstract. — Inclusive fitness benefits have been suggested to be a major selective force behind the evolution of cooperative breeding. We investigated the fitness benefits selecting for cooperative breeding in the Seychelles warbler, Acrocephalus sechellensis. A microsatellite‐based genotyping method was used to determine the relatedness of subordinates to group offspring in an isolated population of Seychelles warblers. The indirect and direct breeding benefits accruing to individual subordinates were then calculated for every successful breeding event over a three‐year period. We show that female subordinates frequently gained parentage and that this, combined with high levels of extra group paternity, resulted in low levels of relatedness between subordinates and non descendent offspring within a territory. Direct breeding benefits were found to be significantly higher than indirect kin benefits for both female and male subordinates. As predicted, female subordinates gained significantly more direct breeding opportunities and therefore higher inclusive fitness benefits by being a subordinate within a group than did males. This may explain why most subordinates in the Seychelles warbler are female.
GRUPOS INTERACTIVOS EN AULA Y EL INCREMENTO DE LOS RESULTADOS DE APRENDIZAJE EN LENGUAJE EN UN COLEGIO VULNERABLE

Este articulo presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado el ano 2013 - 2014 en un colegio vulnerable en Los Angeles, Chile. Consistio en la incorporacion de grupos interactivos en aula en primero basico en Lenguaje. El objetivo fue determinar el incremento de los resultados de aprendizaje en dicha area. Se utilizo un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseno pre-experimental y aplicacion de CL-PT en el nivel senalado, antes y despues de la intervencion. El trabajo, ademas, considero la incorporacion en aula de colaboradores de aprendizaje: apoderados, alumnos de cursos superiores del mismo colegio, alumnas de pregrado y docentes de la Universidad. Los grupos interactivos involucran un cambio de paradigma que conlleva un fuerte compromiso social. Los resultados indican que se produjo un incremento significativo entre el pre y post test (CL-PT), lo que implico una mejora en el desarrollo del lenguaje.
The CoRoT space mission : early results Special feature Ground-based photometry of space-based transit detections : photometric follow-up of the CoRoT mission

The motivation, techniques and performance of the ground-based photometric follow-up of transit detections by the CoRoT space mission are presented. Its principal raison d’être arises from the much higher spatial resolution of common ground-based telescopes in comparison to CoRoT’s cameras. This allows the identification of many transit candidates as arising from eclipsing binaries that are contaminating CoRoT’s lightcurves, even in low-amplitude transit events that cannot be detected with ground-based obervations. For the ground observations, “on” – “off” photometry is now largely employed, in which only a short timeseries during a transit and a section outside a transit is observed and compared photometrically. CoRoTplanet candidates’ transits are being observed by a dedicated team with access to telescopes with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2 m. As an example, the process that led to the rejection of contaminating eclipsing binaries near the host star of the Super-Earth planet CoRoT-7b is shown. Experiences and techniques from this work may also be useful for other transit-detection experiments, when the discovery instrument obtains data with a relatively low angular resolution.
FAST ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSMISSION THROUGH ARBITRARILY SHAPED AIRBORNE RADOMES USING PRECORRECTED-FFT METHOD X.-C. Nie and N. Yuan

A fast technique based on the Poggio, Miller, Chang, Harrington and Wu (PMCHW) formulation and the precorrected- FFT method is presented for accurate and efficient analysis of electromagnetic transmission through dielectric radomes of arbitrary shape (including airborne radomes). The method of moments is applied to solve the integral equations in which the surfaces of the radomes are modeled using surface triangular patches and the integral equations are converted into a linear system in terms of the equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents. Next, the precorrected- FFT method, a fast approach associated with O(N 1.5 log N) or less complexity, is used to eliminate the requirement of generating and storing the square impedance matrix and to speed up the matrix-vector product in each iteration of the iterative solution. Numerical results are presented to validate the implementation and illustrate the accuracy of the method.
The fabrication of low-impedance nanoporous gold multiple-electrode arrays for neural electrophysiology studies

Neural electrodes are essential tools for the study of the nervous system and related diseases. Low electrode impedance is a figure of merit for sensitive detection of neural electrical activity and numerous studies have aimed to reduce impedance. Unfortunately, most of these efforts have been tethered by a combination of poor functional coating adhesion, complicated fabrication techniques, and poor fabrication repeatability. We address these issues with a facile method for reliably producing multiple-electrode arrays with low impedance by patterning highly adherent nanoporous gold films using conventional microfabrication techniques. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of self-assembled nanoporous gold results in a more than 25-fold improvement in the electrode–electrolyte impedance, where at 1 kHz, 850 kΩ impedance for conventional Au electrodes is reduced to 30 kΩ for nanoporous gold electrodes. Low impedance provides a superior signal-to-noise ratio for detection of neural activity in noisy environments. We systematically studied the effect of film morphology on electrode impedance and successfully recorded field potentials from rat hippocampal slices. Here, we present our fabrication approach, the relationship between film morphology and impedance, and field potential recordings.
Spoken Language Comprehension: An Experimental Approach to Disordered and Normal Processing.

This book is about spoken language processing in aphasics, presented from the perspective of an experimental psycholinguist. ’ The author’s focus is on the aphasic’s ability to construct the various intermediate linguistic representations that most psycholinguistic models assume to be present between the initial sensory analysis of language input and the final conceptual representation of the speaker’s intended meaning. The unusual contribution of the book is that it brings many of the ‘on-line’ techniques currently used to investigate normal language processing to bear on the investigation of disordered language processing. Numerous experiments are presented, testing the range of spoken language processing abilities, including speech perception (with an identification task for consonants and vowels in words), word recognition (with words presented in isolation and in sentence context), with particula; attention to morphologically complex words, and sentence comprehension, including syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and prosodic aspects of processing. The author argues for the use of the ‘processing profile,’ an approach that is becoming more and more common in the study of aphasia: Deficits are mapped by proceeding level-bylevel through the language processing system, and successively excluding or registering difficulties at each level of analysis. This approach has two primary foci: First, the profiles are meant to provide a holistically accurate description of individual aphasics’ abilities, and second, they allow a point-by-point comparison of disordered systems to each other, and to normal ones. The author’s extensive knowledge of the range of auditory language processing phenomena in healthy adults gives breadth to the book’s coverage of the relationship between normal and disordered language processing behavior. The familiar cohort model, developed by the author with William Marslen-Wilson and others, is used to motivate the experiments and to explain the results. In addition, the model is assumed in the description of normal language processing to which disordered language processing can be compared via the ‘processing profiles. ’The author suggests that cognitive neuroscience has generally taken a modular approach by using aphasia research to reflect on the structure of the language processing system. Models of the system are often tested by searching for isolable, module-tied deficits and double dissociations. Tyler suggests that this approach
A SHIFT IN THE LONG‐TERM MODE OF FORAMINIFERAN SIZE EVOLUTION CAUSED BY THE END‐PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION

Size is among the most important traits of any organism, yet the factors that control its evolution remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate controls on the evolution of organismal size using a newly compiled database of nearly 25,000 foraminiferan species and subspecies spanning the past 400 million years. We find a transition in the pattern of foraminiferan size evolution from correlation with atmospheric pO2 during the Paleozoic (400–250 million years ago) to long‐term stasis during the post‐Paleozoic (250 million years ago to present). Thus, a dramatic shift in the evolutionary mode coincides with the most severe biotic catastrophe of the Phanerozoic (543 million years ago to present). Paleozoic tracking of pO2 was confined to Order Fusulinida, whereas Paleozoic lagenides, miliolids, and textulariids were best described by the stasis model. Stasis continued to best describe miliolids and textulariids during post‐Paleozoic time, whereas random walk was the best supported mode for the other diverse orders. The shift in evolutionary dynamics thus appears to have resulted primarily from the selective elimination of fusulinids at the end of the Permian Period. These findings illustrate the potential for mass extinction to alter macroevolutionary dynamics for hundreds of millions of years.
The Acute Relationships Between Affect, Physical Feeling States, and Physical Activity in Daily Life: A Review of Current Evidence

Until recently, most studies investigating the acute relationships between affective and physical feeling states and physical activity were conducted in controlled laboratory settings, whose results might not translate well to everyday life. This review was among the first attempts to synthesize current evidence on the acute (e.g., within a few hours) relationships between affective and physical feeling states and physical activity from studies conducted in free-living, naturalistic settings in non-clinical populations. A systematic literature search yielded 14 eligible studies for review. Six studies tested the relationship between affective states and subsequent physical activity; findings from these studies suggest that positive affective states were positively associated with physical activity over the next few hours while negative affective states had no significant association. Twelve studies tested affective states after physical activity and yielded consistent evidence for physical activity predicting higher positive affect over the next few hours. Further, there was some evidence that physical activity was followed by a higher level of energetic feelings in the next few hours. The evidence for physical activity reducing negative affect in the next few hours was inconsistent and inconclusive. Future research in this area should consider recruiting more representative study participants, utilizing higher methodological standards for assessment (i.e., electronic devices combined with accelerometry), reporting patterns of missing data, and investigating pertinent moderators and mediators (e.g., social and physical context, intensity, psychological variables). Knowledge gained from this topic could offer valuable insights for promoting daily physical activity adoption and maintenance in non-clinical populations.
Multi-objective human resources allocation in R&D projects planning

In a R&D department, several projects may have to be implemented simultaneously within a certain period of time by a limited number of human resources with diverse skills. This paper proposes an optimisation model for the allocation of multi-skilled human resources to R&D projects, considering individual workers as entities having different knowledge, experience and ability. The model focuses on three fundamental aspects of human resources: the different skill levels, the learning process and the social relationships existing in working teams. The resolution approach for the multi-objective problem consists of two steps: firstly, a set of non-dominated solutions is obtained by exploring the optimal Pareto frontier and secondly, based on further information, the ELECTRE III method is utilised to select the best compromise with regards to the considered objectives. The uncertainty associated to each solution is modelled by fuzzy numbers and used in establishing the threshold values of ELECTRE III, while the weights of the objectives are determined taking into account the influence that each objective has on the others.
How Students Can Get Better Grades – Cognitive Skills Influencing Academic Performance

Knowing the skills/factors that affect academic performance, we could intervene and students could realise the components influencing higher academic success. Intelligence is the capacity to solve problems by thinking, being posited as a general ability that accounts for the co-variation of many specific abilities. Both nonverbal and verbal intelligence are determined by a combination of innate capacities and acquired skills/knowledge. Attention appears to be a ubiquitous feature in perceptual experience, being plausibly a feature of cognition as well. Visual memory encompasses memory representations that maintain data about the perceptual properties of viewed stimuli, while auditory memory involves the retention of auditory information to allow time for comprehension to occur. The purpose of our research is to explore and identify cognitive skills that significantly influence academic performance (the grades/marks obtained by the students). The participants were 2 year students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports within the National University of Physical Education and Sports of Bucharest, aged between 19 and 22 years. The instruments used to explore the cognitive abilities of the students were: the Prague Distributive Attention Test, the Visual Short-Term Memory Test, the Rey Auditory Test and Abstract Reasoning Test. To verify the degree of association between variables, the Sommer’s d-indicator was used. The results underline significant positive associations between the results for short-term auditory memory, nonverbal intelligence and the academic performance of the students. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.UK
Pricing in the International Takeoff of New Products

This study focuses on the effect of two dimensions of price (relative price and price volatility) on the international takeoff of new products. The study examines these drivers of takeoff using a novel data set of bimonthly observations of 7 new consumer electronic products in 8 countries. The empirical analysis reveals that both relative price and price volatility significantly impact the hazard of takeoff. However, although the effect of relative price is stable across contexts, the effects of price volatility are moderated by wealth, culture, and contagion. The use of temporally disaggregate data at the bimonthly level allows for the identification of the effect of price volatility and enables a more precise identification of takeoff than that achievable with annual data.
Tardive Syndromes are Rarely Reversible after Discontinuing Dopamine Receptor Blocking Agents: Experience from a University-based Movement Disorder Clinic

Background Several studies have examined reversibility of tardive syndromes (TS), primarily in psychotic patients who are maintained on dopamine receptor blocking drugs. The results have varied widely. However, few have assessed remission rates after discontinuing the offending agents. This study evaluated reversibility of TS in patients who permanently withdrew the causative agent(s). We also examined for any possible clinical predictors of reversibility. Methods A retrospective cohort of 108 TS patients was studied. Most of the patients were not psychotic; most patients were being treated either for a mood disorder with atypical antipsychotics or for a gastrointestinal disturbance with metoclopramide. Patients were stratified on the basis of reversibility, and statistical tests were used for subgroup comparisons of relevant clinical variables. Logistic regression was undertaken to identify clinical variables predictive of reversibility. Results Only 13% of the cohort experienced reversibility of the TS, 2% without medical intervention. When stratified by reversibility, there were no significant differences in any study variables between subgroups. None of the study variables predicted reversibility in the logistic regression. Discussion Our study demonstrated a low remission rate for TS in a cohort of psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients seen in a movement disorder clinic after the offending agents were completely withdrawn. Such a finding has significant prognostic implications. It is possible that limitations of the retrospective design may have resulted in an underestimation. There is a clear need for prospective, multicenter, clinical trials in populations that can be safely withdrawn from dopamine receptor blocking agents so that true remission rates can be measured.
Selective innervation of transplanted limb muscles by regenerating motor axons in the axolotl

The segmental pattern of motor innervation of hindlimb muscles in the axolotl was studied before and after reinnervation. To ascertain the specificity of reinnervation, the four spinal nerves innervating the hindlimb were severed and allowed to regenerate. The segmental origin of axons reinnervating particular muscles was then determined by intracellular recording from muscle fibers. Muscles were reinnervated in a specific manner: From the outset, the axons reinnervating each muscle originated largely from segmentally appropriate spinal nerves in the proper proportions, suggesting that a reliable mechanism of selective synapse regeneration exists even in mature axolotls. To examine the selectivity of reinnervation, individual muscles were transplanted to novel positions within the limb and the specificity of their reinnervation determined. Even after being moved to new positions, muscles were reinnervated for the most part by axons of appropriate segmental origin. Therefore, cues must exist on or within limb muscles that regenerating motor axons recognize and use to discriminate between different muscles during synapse formation. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms that promote the reestablishment of correct connections during reinnervation of axolotl limbs may be the selective formation of synapses with appropriate target cells.
Accurate confidence aware clustering of array CGH tumor profiles

MOTIVATION Chromosomal aberrations tend to be characteristic for given (sub)types of cancer. Such aberrations can be detected with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Clustering aCGH tumor profiles aids in identifying chromosomal regions of interest and provides useful diagnostic information on the cancer type. An important issue here is to what extent individual aCGH tumor profiles can be reliably assigned to clusters associated with a given cancer type. RESULTS We introduce a novel evolutionary fuzzy clustering (EFC) algorithm, which is able to deal with overlapping clusterings. Our method assesses these overlaps by using cluster membership degrees, which we use here as a confidence measure for individual samples to be assigned to a given tumor type. We first demonstrate the usefulness of our method using a synthetic aCGH dataset and subsequently show that EFC outperforms existing methods on four real datasets of aCGH tumor profiles involving four different cancer types. We also show that in general best performance is obtained using 1- Pearson correlation coefficient as a distance measure and that extra preprocessing steps, such as segmentation and calling, lead to decreased clustering performance. AVAILABILITY The source code of the program is available from http://ibi.vu. nl/programs/efcwww
UdS-(retrain|distributional|surface): Improving POS Tagging for OOV Words in German CMC and Web Data

We present in this paper our three system submissions for the POS tagging subtask of the Empirist Shared Task: Our baseline systemUdS-retrain extends a standard training dataset with in-domain training data; UdSdistributional and UdS-surface add two different ways of handling OOV words on top of the baseline system by using either distributional information or a combination of surface similarity and language model information. We reach the best performance using the distributional model.
Remote Sensing Artificial Neural Network Modeling of High Arctic Phytomass Using Synthetic Aperture Radar and Multispectral Data

Vegetation in the Arctic is often sparse, spatially heterogeneous, and difficult to model. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has shown some promise in above-ground phytomass estimation at sub-arctic latitudes, but the utility of this type of data is not known in the context of the unique environments of the Canadian High Arctic. In this paper, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were created to model the relationship between variables derived from high resolution multi-incidence angle RADARSAT-2 SAR data and optically-derived (GeoEye-1) Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values. The modeled SAVI values (i.e., from SAR variables) were then used to create maps of above-ground phytomass across the study area. SAVI model results for individual ecological classes of polar semi-desert, mesic heath, wet sedge, and felsenmeer were reasonable, with r 2 values of 0.43, 0.43, 0.30, and 0.59, respectively. When the outputs of these models were combined to analyze the relationship between the model output and SAVI as a group, the r 2 value was 0.60, with an 8% normalized root mean square error (% of the total range of phytomass values), a positive indicator of a relationship. The above-ground phytomass model also resulted in a very strong relationship (r 2 = 0.87) between SAR-modeled and field-measured phytomass. A positive relationship was also found between optically derived SAVI values and field measured phytomass (r 2 = 0.79). These relationships demonstrate the utility of SAR data, compared to using optical data alone, for modeling OPEN ACCESS 2135 above-ground phytomass in a high arctic environment possessing relatively low levels of vegetation.
What, when, how and why: Coaches' perceptions of coaching in junior rugby league

An increasing body of research has explored how sports coaches learn and develop. However, insight into the fundamental dimensions that underpin coach learning in grassroots and/or junior sport could be more comprehensive. Accordingly, the current study aimed to explore junior rugby league coaches’ perceptions of the acquisition of new coaching knowledge, how this perceived learning is integrated with their coaching practice, and why they perceive different learning sources as an appropriate knowledge base from which to draw. Responses to an online survey, completed by practicing junior rugby league coaches (N = 111), were analysed descriptively and inductively. Findings suggest that informal learning sources were the most prevalent source of learning for coaches, although a rationale for such an emphasis was relatively unfounded. Coaches also appeared to find formal coach education useful; however, the content and suitability of current coaching qualifications when applied to junior modified versions of rugby league appears questionable.