Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and preliminary validation of a Finnish version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)

Abstract Background: Eating behaviour can be viewed as a continuum, ranging from extremely restrictive to extremely disinhibited eating. Valid and reliable instruments are needed to ensure detection of individuals with risk for eating disorders (ED). Self-report methods are the most feasible, cost, and time efficient. One of the most widely used self-reports is the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a Finnish version of the EDE-Q version 6.0 and to assess its psychometric properties in adolescents, adults, and ED patients. Methods: The present study utilized data from three different samples: adolescents (n = 242), adults (n = 133), and ED patients (n = 52). The patient group comprised different EDs, but individual ED diagnoses were not studied separately. Data was collected January 2014 through June 2015. Results: The Finnish version of the EDE-Q showed acceptable-to-excellent internal consistency on all sub-scales in all three samples and discriminated patients from healthy individuals. Female participants generally scored higher than male and sex differences were more pronounced among the younger age group. Conclusions: The Finnish version of the EDE-Q can, based on this study, be regarded as reliable, valid, and functional. Further studies are needed to evaluate the population norms and to test the validity in individual ED diagnoses.
The utilization of critical care ultrasound to assess hemodynamics and lung pathology on ICU admission and the potential for predicting outcome

Aim Critical care ultrasound (CCUS) has been used by many Intensive Care Units(ICUs) worldwide, so as to guiding the diagnosis and the treatment. However, none of the publications currently systematically describe the utilization of CCUS to analyze the characteristics of hemodynamics and lung pathology upon the new admission to ICU and its potential role in patients’ prognosis prediction. In this retrospective clinical study, we have demonstrated and analyzed the characteristics of hemodynamics and lung pathology assessed by CCUS and investigated its potential to predict patient outcome. Methods We have described and analyzed the epidemic characteristics of hemodynamics and lung pathology assessed by CCUS on ICU admission, which based on our database of 451 cases from the biggest medical center in Western China, between November 2014 and October 2015. The patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, prognosis and ultrasonic pattern of hemodynamics and lung pathology had been analyzed. A bivariate logistic regression model was established to identify the correlation between the ultrasonic variables on admission and the ICU mortality. Results The mean age of the 451 patients was 56.7±18.7 years; the mean APACHE II score was 19.0±7.9, the ICU mortality was 30.6%. Patients received CCUS examination of pericardial, right ventricle (RV) wall motion, left ventricle (LV) wall motion, LV systolic function, LV diastolic function, lung and volume of inferior vena cava (IVC) were 423(93.8%), 418(92.7%), 392(86.9%), 389(86.3%), 383(84.9%), 440(97.6%), 336(74.5%), respectively; The univariate analysis revealed that length of mechanical ventilation was significantly correlated with the diameter of IVC, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE), mitral annular plane systolic excursion(MAPSE), early diastolic transmitral velocity to early mitral annulus diastolic velocity(E/e’) (p = 0.016, 0.011, 0.000, 0.049, respectively); The TAPSE, ejection fraction(EF), MAPSE, lung ultrasound score (LUS score) (p = 0.000, 0.028, 0.000, 0.011, respectively) were significantly related to ICU mortality. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that APACHE II, age, TAPSE, E/e’ are the independent risk factors for ICU mortality in our study. Conclusion CCUS examination on ICU admission which performed by the experienced physician provide valuable information to assist the caregivers in understanding the comprehensive outlook of the characteristics of hemodynamics and lung pathology. Those key variables obtained by CCUS predict the possible prognosis of patients, hence deserve more attention in clinical decision making.
Prevalence of Vector‐Borne Pathogens in Southern California Dogs With Clinical and Laboratory Abnormalities Consistent With Immune‐Mediated Disease

Background Studies investigating the prevalence of vector‐borne pathogens in southern California dogs are limited. Occult infections might be misdiagnosed as idiopathic immune‐mediated disease. Hypothesis/Objectives (1) To determine the prevalence of vector‐borne pathogens in southern California dogs with compatible clinical findings using PCR and serologic panels and (2) to determine whether testing convalescent samples and repeating PCR on acute samples using the same and different gene targets enhance detection. Animals Forty‐two client‐owned dogs with clinical signs of vector‐borne disease presenting to specialty practices in San Diego County. Methods Combined prospective and retrospective observational study. Forty‐two acute and 27 convalescent samples were collected. Acute samples were prospectively tested for antibodies to Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Bartonella, Babesia, Borrelia, and Anaplasma species. PCR targeting Ehrlichia, Babesia, Anaplasma, hemotropic Mycoplasma, and Bartonella species was also performed. Retrospectively, convalescent samples were tested for the same organisms using serology, and for Ehrlichia, Babesia, Anaplasma, and Bartonella species using PCR. Acute samples were retested using PCR targeting Ehrlichia and Babesia species. Results Evidence of exposure to or infection with a vector‐borne pathogen was detected in 33% (14/42) of dogs. Ehrlichia and Babesia species were most common; each was identified in 5 dogs. Convalescent serologic testing, repeating PCR, and using novel PCR gene targets increased detection by 30%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Repeated testing using serology and PCR enhances detection of infection by vector‐borne pathogens in dogs with clinical signs of immune‐mediated disease. Larger prevalence studies of emerging vector‐borne pathogens in southern California dogs are warranted.
Tutte Polynomial, Subgraphs, Orientations and Sandpile Model: New Connections via Embeddings

We define a bijection between spanning subgraphs and orientations of graphs and explore its enumerative consequences regarding the Tutte polynomial. We obtain unifying bijective proofs for all the evaluations $T_G(i,j),0\leq i,j \leq 2$ of the Tutte polynomial in terms of subgraphs, orientations, outdegree sequences and sandpile configurations. For instance, for any graph $G$, we obtain a bijection between connected subgraphs (counted by $T_G(1,2)$) and root-connected orientations, a bijection between forests (counted by $T_G(2,1)$) and outdegree sequences and bijections between spanning trees (counted by $T_G(1,1)$), root-connected outdegree sequences and recurrent sandpile configurations. All our proofs are based on a single bijection $\Phi$ between the spanning subgraphs and the orientations that we specialize in various ways. The bijection $\Phi$ is closely related to a recent characterization of the Tutte polynomial relying on combinatorial embeddings of graphs, that is, on a choice of cyclic order of the edges around each vertex.
Transcription factor co‐occupied regions in the murine genome constitute T‐helper‐cell subtype‐specific enhancers

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate cell‐type‐specific gene expression programs by combinatorial binding to cis‐genomic elements, particularly enhancers, subsequently leading to the recruitment of cofactors, and the general transcriptional machinery to target genes. Using data integration of genome‐wide TF binding profiles, we defined regions with combinatorial binding of lineage‐specific master TFs (T‐BET, GATA3, and ROR‐γt) and STATs (STAT1 and STAT4, STAT6, and STAT3) in murine T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cells, respectively. Stringently excluding promoter regions, we revealed precise genomic elements which were preferentially associated with the enhancer marks p300 and H3K4me1. Furthermore, closely adjacent TF co‐occupied regions constituted larger enhancer domains in the respective Th‐cell subset (177 in Th1, 141 in Th2, and 266 in Th17 cells) with characteristics of so‐called super‐enhancers. Importantly, 89% of these super‐enhancer regions were Th‐cell subtype‐specific. Genes associated with super‐enhancers, including relevant Th‐cell genes (such as Ifng in Th1, Il13 in Th2, and Il17a in Th17 cells), showed strong transcriptional activity. Altogether, the discovered catalog of enhancers provides information about crucial Th‐cell subtype‐specific regulatory hubs, which will be useful for revealing cell‐type‐specific gene regulation processes.
A comparison of two scoring systems for endoscopic grading of gastric ulceration in horses

Abstract AIM: To compare two scoring systems for grading gastric ulcers in adult horses. METHODS: Digitised recordings of gastroscopy examinations of 22 horses that were part of a study on prevalence of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand were reviewed independently by three examiners. All stomachs were graded by each examiner using two different grading systems, the Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (EGUC) system and the Number/Severity (N/S) system. RESULTS: All examiners commented that the EGUC system was quicker and easier to use. There was no significant difference between examiners in the grades assigned using the EGUC system (p=0.31) and the agreement between examiners was high (Kappa values of 0. 851vs2, 0.881vs3 and 0.802vs3). There was a significant difference between examiners in the grades assigned using the severity component of the N/S system (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The EGUC system was more repeatable, and was faster and easier to use than the N/S system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The EGUC system is suitable as a standard scoring system due to its ease of use, and the repeatability and correlation of grades assigned between independent examiners. Use of a standard scoring system will more easily allow comparisons to be made between different research groups and clinicians.
Game Analysis of Product Innovations Aimed at Differentiation in Markets with Network Externalities

A two-stage duopoly game model is proposed in markets with network externalities where firms compete in product innovation first and then quantity. The product innovation is aimed at increasing product differentiation. First we investigate private optimum and analyze how network externality and compatibility affecting firms' incentives to invest. Then we study social optimum investment and compare the social and private incentives to product innovation for differentiation. The main results are as follows: (i) the firm with low marginal cost investing more than the one with high marginal cost may happen only when the market exists network externality and products have some compatibility between firms at the same time; (ii) when firms' marginal costs are equal, the private optimal R&D efforts increase with network strength and compatibility; But when firms' marginal costs are different, the optimal R&D effort of the firm with low marginal cost may decrease with network strength; (iii) the private incentive to provide product differentiation is lower than the social incentive.
Previous Exposure to an RNA Virus Does Not Protect against Subsequent Infection in Drosophila melanogaster

Background Immune priming has been shown to occur in a wide array of invertebrate taxa, with individuals exposed to a pathogen showing increased protection upon subsequent exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying immune priming are poorly understood. The antiviral RNAi response in Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal candidate for providing a specific and acquired response to subsequent infection. We exposed D. melanogaster to two challenges of a virus known to produce an antiviral RNAi response, to examine whether any protective effects of prior exposure on survival were observed. Results In this experiment we found no evidence that prior exposure to Drosophila C Virus (DCV) protects flies from a subsequent lethal challenge, with almost identical levels of mortality in flies previously exposed to DCV or a control. Conclusions Our results confirm the finding that ‘acquired’ immune responses are not ubiquitous across all invertebrate-pathogen interactions. We discuss why we may have observed no effect in this study, with focus on the mechanistic basis of the RNAi pathway.
Lysis of Streptococcus mutans by hen egg white lysozyme and inorganic sodium salts

Streptococcus mutans BHT was grown in a synthetic medium containing radioactive thymidine to monitor deoxyribonucleic acid release. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that although lysozyme alone could not liberate deoxyribonucleic acid, cellular deoxyribonucleic acid was liberated from lysozyme-treated cells by addition of low concentrations of inorganic sodium salts. When the salts were tested for their ability to dislodge cell-bound tritiated lysozyme, the extent of the initial release of enzyme by individual anions correlated with the anion potency for deoxyribonucleic acid liberation (SCN- greater than ClO4- greater than I- greater than Br- greater than NO3- greater than Cl- greater than F-), although the total amount of lysozyme dislodged did not correspond directly with cell lysis. Differences in the effectiveness of anions (SCN-, HCO3-, Cl- and F-) in potentiating cell lysis could be enhanced or minimized by varying the lysozyme, anion, and bacterial cell concentrations. As the anion concentration was increased for each enzyme concentration and cell concentration, the lysis increased, in some cases markedly, until maximum levels of released deoxyribonucleic acid were attained. The maximum levels of lysis of SCN- and HCO3- were similar and were greater than those for Cl- and F-. In addition, the maximum levels were observed to increase for each of the anions as the concentration of lysozyme increased.
PPADS: Physician-PArent Decision-Support for Neonatal Intensive Care

Family-centered care is becoming the new standard for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients. In support of this, we developed the Physician PArent Decision Support System (PPADS), which provides clinical updates and predictions of clinical outcomes for infants in the NICU to the neonatologists, and provides an aid to parents for making difficult decisions on the direction of care of their infant with the health care team. The tool may lead to earlier intervention, better allocation of resources, and reduction of the negative outcomes. The tool underwent a usability study with 8 parents whose infant survived the NICU stay and 5 neonatologists. Both parents and physicians thought the tool was easy to use, useful, and would help improve team communication. The next usability study will be with parents whose infant died while in the NICU, and then conduct a randomized prospective study with parents who have a sick infant admitted to the NICU.
Cultural Identity and Reentry in Short-Term Student Missionaries

This study explores the relationship between cross cultural reentry and cultural identity in college student participants in short-term international mission trips. Twenty undergraduate students from a Christian college participated in focus groups discussing the question, “How did your experiences on your trip(s) influence your view of your home culture? ” The discussion transcripts were coded, and analyzed according to (a) frequency, the number of times a theme was addressed; (b) extensiveness, the number of people who discussed a theme; and (c) intensity, the emotional strength of a response (Krueger, 1998). Negative reactions to home culture were the most frequent, extensive, and intense themes, followed by themes related to cultural awareness and personal growth. Other themes addressed adjustment and positive reactions to home culture. The findings imply that participants in short-term mission trips experience challenges to cultural identity, characterized by negative reactions. Recommendations for sending missions agencies are provided.
Behavioral characterization of mice lacking GIRK/Kir3 channel subunits

G protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels mediate the postsynaptic inhibitory effects of many neurotransmitters and drugs of abuse. The lack of drugs selective for GIRK channels has hindered our ability to study their contributions to behavior. Here, we assessed the impact of GIRK subunit ablation on several behavioral endpoints. Mice were evaluated with respect to open‐field motor activity and habituation, anxiety‐related behavior, motor co‐ordination and ataxia and operant performance. GIRK3 knockout (−/−) mice behaved indistinguishably from wild‐type mice in this panel of tests. GIRK1−/− mice and GIRK2−/− mice, however, showed elevated motor activity and delayed habituation to an open field. GIRK2−/− mice, and to a lesser extent GIRK1−/− mice, also displayed reduced anxiety‐related behavior in the elevated plus maze. Both GIRK1−/− mice and GIRK2−/− mice displayed marked resistance to the ataxic effects of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen in the rotarod test. All GIRK−/− mice were able to learn an operant task using food as the reinforcing agent. Within‐session progressive ratio scheduling, however, showed elevated lever press behavior in GIRK2−/− mice and, to a lesser extent, in GIRK1−/− mice. Phenotypic differences between mice lacking GIRK1, GIRK2 and GIRK3 correlate well with the known impact of GIRK subunit ablation on neurotransmitter‐gated GIRK currents, arguing that most neuronal GIRK channels contain GIRK1 and/or GIRK2. Altogether, our data suggest that GIRK channels make important contribution to a range of behaviors and may represent points of therapeutic intervention in disorders of anxiety, spasticity and reward.
Decomposition of a Multiobjective Optimization Problem Into a Number of Simple Multiobjective Subproblems

This letter suggests an approach for decomposing a multiobjective optimization problem (MOP) into a set of simple multiobjective optimization subproblems. Using this approach, it proposes MOEA/D-M2M, a new version of multiobjective optimization evolutionary algorithm-based decomposition. This proposed algorithm solves these subproblems in a collaborative way. Each subproblem has its own population and receives computational effort at each generation. In such a way, population diversity can be maintained, which is critical for solving some MOPs. Experimental studies have been conducted to compare MOEA/D-M2M with classic MOEA/D and NSGA-II. This letter argues that population diversity is more important than convergence in multiobjective evolutionary algorithms for dealing with some MOPs. It also explains why MOEA/D-M2M performs better.
A qualitative review of sports concussion education: prime time for evidence-based knowledge translation

Background Educating athletes, coaches, parents and healthcare providers about concussion management is a public health priority. There is an abundance of information on sports concussions supported by position statements from governing sport and medical organisations. Yet surveys of athletes, parents, coaches and healthcare providers continue to identify multiple barriers to the successful management of sports concussion. To date, efforts to provide education using empirically sound methodologies are lacking. Purpose To provide a comprehensive review of scientific research on concussion education efforts and make recommendations for enhancing these efforts. Study design Qualitative literature review of sports concussion education. Methods Databases including PubMed, Sport Discus and MEDLINE were searched using standardised terms, alone and in combination, including ‘concussion’, ‘sport’, ‘knowledge’, ‘education’ and ‘outcome’. Results Studies measuring the success of education interventions suggest that simply presenting available information may help to increase knowledge about concussions, but it does not produce long-term changes in behaviour among athletes. Currently, no empirical reviews have evaluated the success of commercially available sports concussion applications. The most successful education efforts have taken steps to ensure materials are user-friendly, interactive, utilise more than one modality to present information and are embedded in mandated training programmes or support legislation. Psychosocial theory-driven methods used to understand and improve ‘buy in’ from intended audiences have shown promise in changing behaviour. Conclusions More deliberate and methodologically sound steps must be taken to optimise education and knowledge translation efforts in sports concussion.
Luminosity function of GRBs

We attempt to constrain the luminosity function of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) from the observed number count{flux relation and the afterglow redshift data. We assume three classes of luminosity functions for our analysis: (a) Log-normal distribution, (b) Schechter distribution, and (c) Scale-free distribution. We assume several models of the evolution of the GRB population for each luminosity function. Our analysis shows that: (a) log-normal is the only luminosity function that is compatible with both the observations. This result is independent of the GRB evolution model, (b) for log-normal function, the average photon luminosity L0 and the width of the luminosity function that are compatible with both the observations fall in the range: 10 55 s 1 < L0 < 10 56 s 1 and 2 < < 3, (c) the agreement of observations with other luminosity functions requires the GRB population to evolve more strongly than the evolution of the star-formation rate of the universe.
The RNA-binding domain of influenzavirus non-structural protein-1 cooperatively binds to virus-specific RNA sequences in a structure-dependent manner

Influenzavirus non-structural protein NS1 is involved in several steps of the virus replication cycle. It counteracts the interferon response, and also exhibits other activities towards viral and cellular RNAs. NS1 is known to bind non-specifically to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as well as to viral and cellular RNAs. We set out to search whether NS1 could preferentially bind sequence-specific RNA patterns, and performed an in vitro selection (SELEX) to isolate NS1-specific aptamers from a pool of 80-nucleotide(nt)-long RNAs. Among the 63 aptamers characterized, two families were found to harbour a sequence that is strictly conserved at the 5′ terminus of all positive-strand RNAs of influenzaviruses A. We found a second virus-specific motif, a 9 nucleotide sequence located 15 nucleotides downstream from NS1’s stop codon. In addition, a majority of aptamers had one or two symmetrically positioned copies of the 5′-GUAAC / 3′-CUUAG double-stranded motif, which closely resembles the canonical 5′-splice site. Through an in-depth analysis of the interaction combining fluorimetry and gel-shift assays, we showed that NS1’s RNA-binding domain (RBD) specifically recognizes sequence patterns in a structure-dependent manner, resulting in an intimate interaction with high affinity (low nanomolar to subnanomolar KD values) that leads to oligomerization of the RBD on its RNA ligands.