Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease.

Practicable Only to a Degree The authors write that, according to the ESPEGHAN guidelines, the diagnosis can be confirmed without a biopsy in selected cases in patients with the “classic gastrointestinal manifestation of the disease” (1). The original article merely says: “Histological assessment may be omitted in symptomatic patients who have high IgA anti-TG2 levels (10 times above ULN), verified by EMA positivity, and are HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 heterodimer positive” (1). I cannot conclude any limitation to the “classic gastrointestinal manifestation” from the original article. Furthermore, Schuppan and Zimmer say that “testing of first-degree relatives for the HLA-DQ2/8 genotype or for anti-TG2 antibodies is recommended. ” If the ESPEGHAN criteria for the screening of at-risk patients were implemented in the way described in the article, then all first-degree relatives of patients with celiac disease would have to present to a human geneticist for diagnostic evaluation. The examination of asymptomatic relatives for HLA DQ2/8 is a predictive genetic examination; §7 (1) of the German Law on Genetic Diagnosis [Gendiagnostikgesetz] stipulates that a human geneticist is the only proper specialist to undertake this test, as far as I understand it. Whether this is really practical in view of a prevalence of celiac disease of 0.2% seems questionable to me. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2014. 0212a
Treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile

INTRODUCTION — Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) is one of the most common hospitalacquired (nosocomial) infections, and is an increasingly frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly hospitalized patients. C. difficile colonizes the human intestinal tract after the normal gut flora has been altered by antibiotic therapy and is the causative organism of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
Bribery and Control in Judgment Aggregation 1

In computational social choice, the complexity of changing the outcome of elections via manipulation, bribery, and various control actions, such as a dding or deleting candidates or voters, has been studied intensely. Endriss et al. [13, 14] initiate d th complexity-theoretic study of problems related to judgment aggregation. We extend their r esults on manipulation to a whole class of judgment aggregation procedures, and we obtain str o ge results by considering not only the classical complexity (NP-hardness) but the parame teriz d complexity (W[2]-hardness) of these problems with respect to natural parameters. Furth ermore, we introduce and study the closely related concepts of bribery and control in judgment aggregation. In particular, we study the complexity of changing the outcome of such procedures vi a control by adding, deleting, or replacing judges.
Comparative Study of Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes for Sentiment Analysis on Lecturer Performance

This study addresses the challenge of sentiment analysis within the Information Technology study program at Universitas Timor, aiming to compare the performance of Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) through 100 iterations. The dataset, comprising 21 instances of negative sentiment and 18 instances of positive sentiment, is analyzed using both methods, with accuracy and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) serving as key metrics. The sample size consists of 39 instances, and the results indicate significant variability in both accuracy and AUC, emphasizing the sensitivity of the models to dataset characteristics and random initialization. On average, SVM outperforms NB, with an accuracy of 0.5846 compared to 0.5075 and an AUC of 0.5916 compared to 0.4607.
Regularity and latency of units in ventral cochlear nucleus: implications for unit classification and generation of response properties.

1. The responses of neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) of decerebrate cats are described with regard to their regularity of discharge and latency. Regularity is measured by estimating the mean and standard deviation of interspike intervals as a function of time during responses to short tone bursts (25 ms). This method extends the usual interspike-interval analysis based on interval histograms by allowing the study of temporal changes in regularity during transient responses. The coefficient of variation (CV), equal to the ratio of standard deviation to mean interspike interval, is used as a measure of irregularity. Latency is measured as the mean and standard deviation of the latency of the first spike in response to short tone bursts, with 1.6-ms rise times. 2. The regularity and latency properties of the usual PST histogram response types are shown. Five major PST response type classes are used: chopper, primary-like, onset, onset-C, and unusual. The presence of a prepotential in a unit's action potentials is also noted; a prepotential implies that the unit is recorded from a bushy cell. 3. Units with chopper PST histograms give the most regular discharge. Three varieties of choppers are found. Chop-S units (regular choppers) have CVs less than 0.35 that are approximately constant during the response; chop-S units show no adaptation of instantaneous rate, as measured by the inverse of the mean interspike interval. Chop-T units have CVs greater than 0.35, show an increase in irregularity during the response and show substantial rate adaptation. Chop-U units have CVs greater than 0.35, show a decrease in irregularity during the response, and show a variety of rate adaptation behaviors, including negative adaptation (an increase in rate during a short-tone response). Irregular choppers (chop-T and chop-U units) rarely have CVs greater than 0.5. Choppers have the longest latencies of VCN units; all three groups have mean latencies at least 1 ms longer than the shortest auditory nerve (AN) fiber mean latencies. 4. Chopper units are recorded from stellate cells in VCN (35, 42). Our results for chopper units suggest a model for stellate cells in which a regularly firing action potential generator is driven by the summation of the AN inputs to the cell, where the summation is low-pass filtered by the membrane capacitance of the cell. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Survey of Markov Decision Programming Techniques Applied to the Animal Replacement Problem

The major difficulties of the animal replacement problem are identified as uniformity, herd restraints and the "curse of dimensionality". Approaches for circumventing these difficulties using Markov decision programming methods are systematically discussed, and possible optimisation techniques are described and evaluated. Assuming that the objective of the farmer is maximum net returns from the entire herd, relevant criteria of optimality are discussed. It is concluded that a Bayesian technique is a promising approach as concerns the uniformity problem, that parameter iteration may be used under herd restraints, and that hierarchic Markov processes have contributed to the solution of the dimensionality problem. Copyright 1994 by Oxford University Press.
Water Restrictions and Water Use: An Analysis of Water Restriction Effects in Norfolk County

This paper aims to determine what effect water restrictions in Norfolk County, Massachusetts have on residential water usage. Using data from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, this paper analyzes subsequent municipal water usage within and across towns after water restrictions, both mandatory and voluntary, are implemented. Accounting for town fixed effects, the results indicate that for some towns, water restrictions do in fact have a significant impact on decreasing water usage.
Unlocking efficiency and scalability of reversible logic synthesis using conventional logic synthesis

Latest quantum technologies promise realization of extremely large circuits, whereas, reversible logic synthesis, the key automation step for quantum computing, suffers from scalability bottleneck. Scalability can be achieved with Decision Diagram (DD)-based synthesis at the cost of significant ancilla/garbage lines overhead. In this paper, we present a novel hierarchical reversible logic synthesis, where DD-based synthesis is invoked within an And-Inverter Graph (AIG)-based synthesis wrapper, balancing scalability and performance. The resulting tool can synthesize much larger functions (512-inputs), provides excellent flexibility, and restricts ancilla overhead. On average, line-count and gate-count reductions of 94% and 35% respectively, are achieved, compared to state-of-the-art.
Timing of exhumation and deformation across the Taimyr fold–thrust belt: insights from apatite fission track dating and balanced cross-sections

Abstract The exhumation and shortening history associated with the Taimyr fold–thrust belt is determined using apatite fission track and balanced cross-section analysis. Eighteen samples from across northern, central and southern Taimyr are used for apatite fission track analysis. These include granite, meta-arenite and sandstone samples with stratigraphic ages ranging from the late Proterozoic to Early Cretaceous. Fission track lengths and central ages are used to model the thermal history of the region and indicate three episodes of cooling in the Early Permian, earliest Triassic and Late Triassic. The thermochronological data are integrated with two balanced regional cross-sections. The regional structural style of deformation reflects a thick-skinned thrust system with 15% shortening (minimum estimate). This is consistent with thickening during early Permian Uralian orogenesis, followed by later heating, uplift and cooling associated with Siberian Trap magmatism and/or Mesozoic transpression.
Smoking cessation in pregnancy

Background: Pregnant women who continue to smoke expose their developing fetus to a wide range of risks. Assisting these patients to stop smoking can be an important intervention for the health of the baby and the mother. The management of pregnant smokers can be challenging, due to the potential risks of pharmacotherapy. There are a number of options available to the clinician to aid smoking cessation in non pregnant women. These include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, varenicline, and a range of non-drug therapies. Objective: To provide guidance to prescribers on the best way to manage smoking cessation in the pregnant patient, reviewing the risks and efficacy of the different approaches. Methods: An extensive literature search was carried out to find original studies which examined issues surrounding the safety and efficacy of methods of smoking cessation in pregnancy. Results/conclusion: NRT is the agent of choice for smoking cessation in pregnancy as the safety of other therapies in pregnancy have not yet been proved.
Spanning the 4 kbps divide using pulse modeled residual

This paper reports a scalable method for coding the LP residual. The scalable method is capable of increasing the accuracy of the reconstructed speech from a parametric representation at low rates to a more accurate waveform matched representation at higher rates. The method entails pitch length segmentation, decomposition into pulsed and noise components and modeling of the pulsed components using a fixed shape pulse model in a closed-loop, analysis by synthesis system.
Comparative study of the molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer “bulk” polymerization and traditional radical “bulk” polymerization

Bisphenol A (BPA) and propranolol‐imprinted polymers have been prepared via both reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer “bulk” polymerization (RAFTBP) and traditional radical “bulk” polymerization (TRBP) under similar reaction conditions, and their equilibrium binding properties were compared in detail for the first time. The chemical compositions, specific surface areas, equilibrium bindings, and selectivity of the obtained molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were systematically characterized. The experimental results showed that the MIPs with molecular imprinting effects and quite fast binding kinetics could be readily prepared via RAFTBP, but they did not show improved template binding properties in comparison with those prepared via TRBP, which is in sharp contrast to many previous reports. This could be attributed to the heavily interrupted equilibrium between the dormant species and active radicals in the RAFT mechanism because of the occurrence of fast gelation during RAFTBP. The findings presented here strongly demonstrates that the application of controlled radical polymerizations (CRPs) in molecular imprinting does not always benefit the binding properties of the resultant MIPs, which is of significant importance for the rational use of CRPs in generating MIPs with improved properties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foodstuffs for Preventing Cancer: The Preclinical and Clinical Development of Berries

Laboratory research involving berries is a promising example of food-based cancer prevention. Berries contain many known chemopreventive agents such as anthocyanins and ellagitannins that can be greatly concentrated in freeze-dried berry powders. Based on our program of berry research, this commentary presents the first reported stepwise scheme for the preclinical and clinical development of foodstuffs for cancer prevention. Our preclinical work within this scheme includes promising approaches for assessing the chemopreventive potential of berry powder and berry extracts in preclinical model systems, for determining the mechanisms of action of these agents, and for identifying the active constituents in berries. The commentary also presents preliminary results of clinical trials in the oral cavity, esophagus, and colon using various formulations of freeze-dried berries. The relative merits of berry powders, extracts, or individual constituents (anthocyanins) for cancer prevention are also discussed.
Small-world MCMC and convergence to multi-modal distributions: From slow mixing to fast mixing

We compare convergence rates of Metropolis‐Hastings chains to multi-modal target distributions when the proposal distributions can be of “local” and “small world” type. In particular, we show that by adding occasional long-range jumps to a given local proposal distribution, one can turn a chain that is “slowly mixing” (in the complexity of the problem) into a chain that is “rapidly mixing. ” To do this, we obtain spectral gap estimates via a new state decomposition theorem and apply an isoperimetric inequality for log-concave probability measures. We discuss potential applicability of our result to Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo schemes.
The Influence Of Employee Selection On Employee Performance With Career Development As A Mediation Variable Case Study At PT Ilmukomputercom Braindevs Sistema

Employee performance is very important in the company to be able to achieve the goals set. Various efforts can be made to improve employee performance, including by knowing what factors can affect employee performance. The purpose of this study was to partially examine the effect of selection and employee career development on employee performance at PT IlmuKomputerCom Braindevs Sistema as well as the effect of employee selection on employee performance with career development as a mediating variable. The population in this study was 40 employees of PT IlmuKomputerCom Braindevs Sistema. Sampling in this study used a sampling technique, namely using all employees of PT IlmuKomputerCom Braindevs Sistema as samples in the study. The data collection technique used in this study was a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is a quantitative analysis technique using the t test and Sobel test. The results of data analysis show that partially selection and employee career development have an effect on employee performance at PT IlmuKomputerCom Braindevs Sistema with a sig value t-table.
Localization of L11 protein on the ribosome and elucidation of its involvement in EF-G-dependent translocation.

L11 protein is located at the base of the L7/L12 stalk of the 50 S subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome. Because of the flexible nature of the region, recent X-ray crystallographic studies of the 50 S subunit failed to locate the N-terminal domain of the protein. We have determined the position of the complete L11 protein by comparing a three-dimensional cryo-EM reconstruction of the 70 S ribosome, isolated from a mutant lacking ribosomal protein L11, with the three-dimensional map of the wild-type ribosome. Fitting of the X-ray coordinates of L11-23 S RNA complex and EF-G into the cryo-EM maps combined with molecular modeling, reveals that, following EF-G-dependent GTP hydrolysis, domain V of EF-G intrudes into the cleft between the 23 S ribosomal RNA and the N-terminal domain of L11 (where the antibiotic thiostrepton binds), causing the N-terminal domain to move and thereby inducing the formation of the arc-like connection with the G' domain of EF-G. The results provide a new insight into the mechanism of EF-G-dependent translocation.
Mildly elevated serum total bilirubin levels are negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis among elderly persons with type 2 diabetes

Abstract Diabetes is strongly associated with several mechanisms of tissue damage such as oxidative stress. Serum bilirubin may have a beneficial role in preventing oxidative changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Limited information is available on whether serum bilirubin is an independent confounding factor for carotid atherosclerosis among elderly persons with type 2 diabetes. The study subjects were 169 men aged 79 ± 8 (mean ± SD) years and 205 women aged 81 ± 8 years that were enrolled consecutively from patients in the medical department. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque were derived via B-mode ultrasonography. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum total bilirubin (β = −0.160) was significantly associated with carotid IMT. Compared to subjects with a serum total bilirubin of tertile-1 (0.13–0.58 mg/dL), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of carotid IMT ≥1.0 mm including plaque and carotid plaque was 0.46 (0.23–0.93) and 0.32 (0.17–0.60) in the Tertile-3 group (0.87–1.93 mg/dL), respectively. Next, data were further stratified by gender, age, smoking status, medication and prevalence of CVD. There were no significant differences in serum total bilirubin levels between selected subgroups. Our data demonstrated a negative association between serum total bilirubin and carotid atherosclerosis among elderly persons with type 2 diabetes.
A prelearning manipulation falsifies a pure associational deficit account of retrieval shift during skill acquisition

ABSTRACT Older adults adopt memory-based response strategies during consistent practice more slowly and less completely than younger adults. In two experiments, participants either prelearned all, half, or none of the noun-pair stimuli prior to the completion of a standard noun-pair lookup task. Higher proportions of prelearning generally led to a faster and more complete strategic shift from visual scanning to memory retrieval during the lookup task, and a strong prelearning criterion for all items eliminated the age-related slowing of retrieval shift. However, the 50% prelearned condition resulted in strategy shift that was inconsistent with simple mechanistic associative learning, revealing a strategic set that was retrieval-avoidant in older adults.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Genetic and Inherited Diseases Elimination of Myostatin Does Not Combat Muscular Dystrophy in dy Mice but Increases Postnatal Lethality

Myostatin is a TGFfamily member and a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. It has been proposed that reduction or elimination of myostatin could be a treatment for degenerative muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy. Laminin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy is one of the most severe forms of muscular dystrophy. To test the possibility of ameliorating the dystrophic phenotype in laminin deficiency by eliminating myostatin, we crossed dy laminin 2-deficient and myostatin null mice. The resulting double-deficient dy/dy;Mstn / mice had a severe clinical phenotype similar to that of dy/dy mice, even though muscle regeneration was increased. Degeneration and inflammation of muscle were not alleviated. The pre-weaning mortality of dy/dy;Mstn / mice was increased compared to dy/dy, most likely due to significantly less brown and white fat in the absence of myostatin, and postweaning mortality was not significantly improved. These results show that eliminating myostatin in laminin-deficiency promotes muscle formation, but at the expense of fat formation, and does not reduce muscle pathology. Any future therapy based on myostatin may have undesirable side effects. (Am J Pathol 2005, 166:491–497)
Optical Three-Dimensional Imaging for Objective Evaluation of the Donor Site after Anterolateral Thigh Flap Surgery

Background: The high volume of the fasciomyocutaneous anterolateral thigh flaps (ALT) is suitable for the reconstruction of pronounced soft tissue defects. At the same time, harvesting ALT results in a drastic change in thigh shape. Here, we present an optical three-dimensional imaging method for thigh comparison, which can be an objective and reproducible method for evaluating donor sites after ALT harvesting. Methods: In total, 128 thighs were scanned with an optical three-dimensional scanner, Vectra XT ®. Sixty-eight non-operated right and left thighs were compared and served as a control. Sixty thighs were scanned in the ALT group. The average surface area deviations, thigh volume, thigh circumference, and flap ratio to thigh circumference were calculated. The results were correlated with Δthigh circumference and Δvolume of the unoperated thighs of the control group. Results: No significant difference between the thigh volumes of the right and left thighs was found in the control group. Removal of an ALT flap showed a significant (p < 0.007) volume reduction compared to unoperated thighs (2.7 ± 0.8 L and 3.3 ± 0.9 L, respectively). Flap area correlated strongly with the Δthigh circumference (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and Δvolume (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Strong correlations were observed between flap ratio and thigh circumference with Δhigh circumference (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) and Δvolume (r = 0.46, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Optical three-dimensional imaging provides an objective and reproducible tool for detecting changes in thigh morphology volume differences after ALT harvesting.
Measure of the ability to rotate mental images.

The aim of this study was to design an innovative test to measure the ability to rotate mental images. An unfolded cube was designed, which participants had to reassemble mentally, prior to mentally rotating the image, and answering 23 questions concerning the cube. The Measure of the Ability to Rotate Mental Images (MARMI) test was administered to 354 participants. Cronbach alpha was . 90, and high correlations between this test and other image rotation and spatial image tests were found. However, poor correlations were observed between test scores and the responses to the visual imagery vividness questionnaire. Both test reliability and validity underscore that it is a good instrument for measuring the ability to rotate mental images.