Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SVD-based design and new structures for variable fractional-delay digital filters

This paper shows that the problem of designing one-dimensional (1-D) variable fractional-delay (VFD) digital filter can be elegantly reduced to the easier subproblems that involve one-dimensional (1-D) constant filter (subfilter) designs and 1-D polynomial approximations. By utilizing the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the variable design specification, we prove that both 1-D constant filters and 1-D polynomials possess either symmetry or anti-symmetry simultaneously. Therefore, a VFD filter can be efficiently obtained by designing 1-D constant filters with symmetrical or antisymmetrical coefficients and performing 1-D symmetrical or antisymmetrical approximations. To perform the weighted-least-squares (WLS) VFD filter design, a new WLS-SVD method is also developed. Moreover, an objective criterion is proposed for selecting appropriate subfilter orders and polynomial degrees. Our computer simulations have shown that the SVD-based design and WLS-SVD design can achieve much higher design accuracy with significantly reduced filter, complexity than the existing WLS design method. Another important part of the paper proposes two new structures for efficiently implementing the resulting VFD filter, which require less computational complexity than the so-called Farrow structure.
Relationship Between Fatigue Index and Number of Repetition Maxima with Sub-Maximal Loads in Biceps Curl

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of repetition maxima to volitional failure (RM) at 60%, 75%, 90% of 1RM and fatigue index (FI), a determinant of the muscular endurance level. Thirty four resistance trained male participants attended two testing sessions. The first session was conducted to assess 1RM load and RM at 60%, 75% and 90% of 1RM in the supine biceps curl (SBC) exercise. In the second session, a FI test protocol consisting of five sets of SBC with 90 s rest between sets was performed to determine FI values. Each set was performed to volitional failure using a sub-maximal load in the range of 15-20RM. Hypothetical high FI and low FI groups (17 participants with the highest and lowest FI values, respectively) were formed for statistical analyses. ANOVA results revealed that RM at 60%, 75%, 90% of 1RM were not significantly different between FI groups when controlled for mean repetition tempo (p=0.11, p=0.38, p=0.13, respectively). Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed that no significant relationship was present between FI values and RM at 60%, 75%, 90% of 1RM (p=0.40, p=0.46, p=0.14, respectively). In conclusion, the muscular endurance level of participants defined in terms of FI value was not an indicator of RM in SBC. Therefore, athletes with different muscular endurance levels can use similar percentages of 1RM in biceps curl exercise in their training programs when the aim is to elicit training adaptations related to specific RM zones.
Suspicious Malicious Web Site Detection with Strength Analysis of a JavaScript Obfuscation

The cyber attacks using web sites for a personal information sale or break down the infrastructures are increasing. To prevent cyber attacks, virtual computer systems are hired and dynamic malicious web site analysis systems are used. However the dynamic analysis systems have to setting up a targeted environment and have a threat of real attack. Unlikely the dynamic analysis system, a static malicious web site analysis system can download a web page source and analysis the web page. The static analysis algorism also has problem, the analysis time is longer than dynamic systems and need a human checking. For this reason, this journal suggest new analysis system reducing the dynamic and static system's problems using suspicious malicious web site detection with strength analysis of a JavaScript obfuscation for new hybrid analysis system.
Non-Maxwellian Proton Velocity Distributions in Nonradiative Shocks

The Balmer line profiles of nonradiative supernova remnant shocks provide the means to measure the postshock proton velocity distribution. While most analyses assume a Maxwellian velocity distribution, this is unlikely to be correct. In particular, neutral atoms that pass through the shock and become ionized downstream form a nonthermal distribution similar to that of pickup ions in the solar wind. We predict the Hα line profiles from the combination of pickup protons and the ordinary shocked protons, and we consider the extent to which this distribution could affect the shock parameters derived from Hα profiles. The Maxwellian assumption could lead to an underestimate of shock speed by up to about 15%. The isotropization of the pickup ion population generates wave energy, and we find that for the most favorable parameters this energy could significantly heat the thermal particles. Sufficiently accurate profiles could constrain the strength and direction of the magnetic field in the shocked plasma, and we discuss the distortions from a Gaussian profile to be expected in Tycho’s supernova remnant.
Psychological Characteristics Differentiating Suicide Attempters from Ideators: An Examination of Acquired Capability for Suicide and Temperament

자살잠재력은 자신에게 심각한 상해를 입힐 수 있는 능력을 말한다. 본 연구에서는 자살생각자와 자살시도자가 가진 심리적 특성의 차이를 자살잠재력과 기질변인을 중심으로 알아보았다. 온라인 설문조사를 통해 국내 성인을 대상으로 자살잠재력을 측정하는 자살잠재력-죽음에 대한 공포감소 척도(ACSS-FAD), 독일판 자살잠재력 척도(GCSQ), 리허설을 포함한 자살잠재력 척도(ACWRSS)와 자살잠재력과 관련이 있다고 보고된 기질변인인 공격성과 충동성을 측정하는 한국판 다차원적 충동성 척도(UPPS-P), 공격성 척도(AQ)를 실시하고 자살행동력을 조사하였다. 연구결과 자살잠재력 변인 중에는 지각된 자살잠재력과 자살에 대한 준비성만이 자살생각 집단과 자살시도 집단을 구분해주는 변인인 것으로 나타났다. 반면 자살잠재력의 주요 하위 요인인 죽음에 대한 공포감소와 통증감내력은 자살생각 집단과 자살시도 집단을 구분해주지 못하였다. 충동성 및 공격성과 같은 기질 변인은 자살생각 집단과 자살시도 집단을 구분해주지는 못하였지만 자살생각 집단과 자살시도 집단 모두 대조집단에 비해 부정적인 긴급성과 신체적 공격성이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 자살을 생각해 본 적은 있으나 자살을 시도해 본 적은 없는 사람에 비해 자살을 시도해본 적이 있는 성인은 스스로 자살을 행할 수 있는 능력이 있다는 주관적인 지각 수준이 높고 자살행동에 대한 정신적 표상행동을 더 많이 해본 사람들임을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 자살위험평가에서 정신적 리허설을 포함한 자살에 대한 준비행동과 개인의 지각된 자살잠재력 수준을 고려할 필요성을 시사한다.
Asymmetries in Price Developments: Some Micro Data Evidence

The paper calibrates a standard sectoral menu cost model on a new micro-level CPI data set of Hungary to explain the observed asymmetries in price developments as a response to value-added tax (VAT) changes. The model is able to reproduce important moments of the data, and nds that the major part of the asymmetry is explained by the presence of sectoral trend ination as was argued by Ball and Mankiw, 1994. It nds little evidence that strategic asymmetries emphasized recently by Devereux and Siu, 2007 have signicant eects on the results.
The Influence of Tissue Ischemia Time on RNA Integrity and Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDX) Engraftment Rate in a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Biobank

Introduction Bio-repositories are invaluable resources to implement translational cancer research and clinical programs. They represent one of the most powerful tools for biomolecular studies of clinically annotated cohorts, but high quality samples are required to generate reliable molecular readouts and functional studies. The objective of our study was to define the impact of cancer tissue ischemia time on RNA and DNA quality, and for the generation of Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDXs). Methods One-hundred thirty-five lung cancer specimens were selected among our Institutional BioBank samples. Associations between different warm (surgical) and cold (ex-vivo) ischemia time ranges and RNA quality or PDXs engraftment rates were assessed. RNA quality was determined by RNA integrity number (RINs) values. Fresh viable tissue fragments were implanted subcutaneously in NSG mice and serially transplanted. Results RNAs with a RIN>7 were detected in 51% of the sample (70/135), with values of RIN significantly lower (OR 0.08, P = 0.01) in samples preserved for more than 3 hours before cryopreservation. Higher quality DNA samples had a concomitant high RIN. Sixty-three primary tumors (41 adenocarcinoma) were implanted with an overall engraftment rate of 33%. Both prolonged warm (>2 hours) and ex-vivo ischemia time (>10 hours) were associated to a lower engraftment rate (OR 0.09 P = 0.01 and OR 0.04 P = 0.008, respectively). Conclusion RNA quality and PDXs engraftment rate were adversely affected by prolonged ischemia times. Proper tissue collection and processing reduce failure rate. Overall, NSCLC BioBanking represents an innovative modality, which can be successfully executed in routine clinical settings, when stringent Standard Operating Procedures are adopted.
Procrustean Normal Distribution for Non-Rigid Structure from Motion

A well-defined deformation model can be vital for non-rigid structure from motion (NRSfM). Most existing methods restrict the deformation space by assuming a fixed rank or smooth deformation, which are not exactly true in the real world, and they require the degree of deformation to be predetermined, which is impractical. Meanwhile, the errors in rotation estimation can have severe effects on the performance, i.e., these errors can make a rigid motion be misinterpreted as a deformation. In this paper, we propose an alternative to resolve these issues, motivated by an observation that non-rigid deformations, excluding rigid changes, can be concisely represented in a linear subspace without imposing any strong constraints, such as smoothness or low-rank. This observation is embedded in our new prior distribution, the Procrustean normal distribution (PND), which is a shape distribution exclusively for non-rigid deformations. Because of this unique characteristic of the PND, rigid and non-rigid changes can be strictly separated, which leads to better performance. The proposed algorithm, EM-PND, fits a PND to given 2D observations to solve NRSfM without any user-determined parameters. The experimental results show that EM-PND gives the state-of-the-art performance for the benchmark data sets, confirming the adequacy of the new deformation model.
A biophysical study of integral membrane protein folding.

In order to characterize the thermodynamic constraints on the process of integral membrane protein folding and assembly, we have conducted a biophysical dissection of the structure of bacteriorhodopsin (BR), a prototypical alpha-helical integral membrane protein. Seven polypeptides were synthesized, corresponding to each of the seven transmembrane alpha-helices in BR, and the structure of each individual polypeptide was characterized in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles. Five of the seven polypeptides form stable transmembrane alpha-helices in isolation from the remainder of the tertiary structure of BR. However, using our reconstitution protocols, the polypeptide corresponding to the F helix in BR does not form any stable secondary structure in reconstituted vesicles, and the polypeptide corresponding to the G helix forms a hyperstable beta-sheet structure with its strands oriented perpendicular to the plane of the membrane. [The polypeptide corresponding to the C helix spontaneously equilibrates in a pH-dependent manner between a transmembrane alpha-helical conformation, a peripherally bound nonhelical conformation, and a fully water soluble conformation; the conformational properties of this polypeptide are the subject of the accompanying paper: Hunt et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 15177-15192. ] Our observations suggest that the folding of alpha-helical integral membrane proteins may proceed spontaneously. However, the preference for a non-native conformation exhibited by two of the polypeptides suggests that the formation of some transmembrane substructures could require external constraints such as the links between the helices, interactions with the rest of the protein, or the involvement of cellular chaperones or translocases. Our results also suggest a strategy for improving the thermodynamic stability of alpha-helical integral membrane proteins, a goal that could facilitate attempts to overexpress and/or refold them.
Socioeconomic Position and Survival After Stroke in Denmark 2003 to 2012: Nationwide Hospital-Based Study

Background and Purpose— The risk for stroke is higher in low-income groups. It is not clear whether these groups also have a higher risk for death after a stroke. Methods— We studied survival in relation to income and level of education in all patients aged >40 years admitted to hospital for stroke in Denmark in 2003 to 2012. All Danish hospitals report data to the Danish Stroke Register for all patients admitted for acute stroke, including age, sex, stroke severity, subtype, and a cardiovascular risk profile. Information on income and education was obtained from Statistics Denmark; deaths from all causes from the Civil Registration Registry. Results— Information on education and disposable income was available for 56 581 Danes hospitalized for stroke during the 9.5-year study period. Median length of follow-up was 3.1 years. For the entire follow-up period, there was a significant, stepwise, independent relation between income and risk for death after stroke, which was 30% higher for the lowest than for the highest quintile income group (relative risk, 0.70, 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.74). People aged <65 years with basic education had a slightly higher risk for death than those with the longest (relative risk, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.30). Death within 1 month was not associated with income or education. Conclusions— The survival of patients with low income was reduced by 30% as compared with those with high income. Education had only a modest effect and only in patients aged <65 years. The impact of socioeconomic position was on late but not on early poststroke death.
Causal relationships of sport and exercise involvement with goal orientations, perceived competence and intrinsic motivation in physical education: A longitudinal study

Abstract Little information exists about the causal relationships of sport and exercise participation with goal orientations, perceived athletic competence and intrinsic motivation in physical education. A longitudinal study was conducted involving 882 Greek students who completed questionnaires on three occasions: 3 – 5 weeks into the academic year, 3 – 6 weeks before the end of the academic year, and 7 months later. The data were analysed using structural equation models, controlling for age. Task orientation and intrinsic motivation in physical education at the beginning of the academic year predicted sport and exercise participation 7 and 14 months later. Perceived athletic competence both at the beginning and end of the academic year predicted sport and exercise participation 7 and 14 months later, while ego orientation did not predict sport and exercise involvement at either time. Previous sport and exercise participation had positive effects on task orientation and perceived athletic competence 3 – 6 weeks before the end of the academic year and predicted all cognitive-affective constructs 7 months later. These results imply that the cultivation of task orientation, intrinsic motivation in physical education and perceived athletic competence will help to promote sport and exercise participation in adolescence.
Consistent Weighted Sampling Made Fast, Small, and Easy

Document sketching using Jaccard similarity has been a workable effective technique in reducing near-duplicates in Web page and image search results, and has also proven useful in file system synchronization, compression and learning applications. Min-wise sampling can be used to derive an unbiased estimator for Jaccard similarity and taking a few hundred independent consistent samples leads to compact sketches which provide good estimates of pairwise-similarity. Subsequent works extended this technique to weighted sets and show how to produce samples with only a constant number of hash evaluations for any element, independent of its weight. Another improvement by Li et al. shows how to speedup sketch computations by computing many (near-)independent samples in one shot. Unfortunately this latter improvement works only for the unweighted case. In this paper we give a simple, fast and accurate procedure which reduces weighted sets to unweighted sets with small impact on the Jaccard similarity. This leads to compact sketches consisting of many (near-)independent weighted samples which can be computed with just a small constant number of hash function evaluations per weighted element. The size of the produced unweighted set is furthermore a tunable parameter which enables us to run the unweighted scheme of Li et al. in the regime where it is most efficient. Even when the sets involved are unweighted, our approach gives a simple solution to the densification problem that other works attempted to address. Unlike previously known schemes, ours does not result in an unbiased estimator. However, we prove that the bias introduced by our reduction is negligible and that the standard deviation is comparable to the unweighted case. We also empirically evaluate our scheme and show that it gives significant gains in computational efficiency, without any measurable loss in accuracy.
Using Spatial Microsimulation techniques in the Aggregation of Environmental Benefit Values: An Application to Corncrake Conservation on Irish Farmland

This paper considers the use of spatial microsimulation techniques in the growing area of Benefits Transfer. Benefits transfer involves the results of existing environmental valuation studies being applied to different policy contexts such as alternative populations or environmental sites. The spatial microsimulation model developed in this paper uses a combinational optimatisation technique called simulated annealing to match the Irish Census of Agriculture data to a Contingent Valuation Survey that contains information on Irish farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) to have the corncrake restored as a common sight in the Irish countryside. We then use this matched farm survey and Census information to produce small area population environmental benefit microdata estimates for the year 2005. These figures are then aggregated to get a total value figure for the farming community of Corncrake conservation in Ireland and compared to figures derived using more standard approaches to calculating aggregate environment benefit values. † Corresponding author. T el: +353(0) 91 845269, Fax: +353(0) 91 845296, email: stephen.hynes@teagasc.ie
Exploring the use of conditional random field models and HMMs for historical handwritten document recognition

In this paper we explore different approaches for improving the performance of dependency models on discrete features for handwriting recognition. Hidden Markov models have often been used for handwriting recognition. Conditional random fields (CRF's) allow for more general dependencies and we investigate their use. We believe that this is the first attempt at apply CRF's for handwriting recognition. We show that on the whole word recognition task, the CRF performs better than a HMM on a publicly available standard dataset of 20 pages of George Washington's manuscripts. The scale space for the whole word recognition task is large - almost 1200 states. To make CRF computation tractable we use beam search to make inference more efficient using three different approaches. Better improvement can be obtained using the HMM by directly smoothing the discrete features using the collection frequencies. This shows the importance of smoothing and also indicates the difficulty of training CRF's when large state spaces are involved
Professionalism in the legal profession – can you teach it? A phenomenographic study of Irish legal education stakeholders’ perceptions

ABSTRACT This paper explores the teaching of legal professionalism in Ireland using interview data from the principal stakeholders in the legal profession education system including students (the trainee solicitors). The data was analysed phenomenographically in order to determine the extent to which there was variation in perceptions among these stakeholders as to what professionalism means and how best to teach or instil the notion. The findings indicate diverse perceptions among stakeholders that reflect a lack of shared understanding of professionalism and how to teach or instil professionalism. The study critically discusses the findings in light of relevant literature and concludes that a coordinated approach to understanding and fostering professionalism will help bridge this gap in perceptions and raise professional standards.
Efectos de dos formatos instructivos, Educación Deportiva e Instrucción Directa, en la respuesta psicológica de estudiantes de secundaria

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of two instructional approaches, Sport Education and Direct Instruction, in a large sample of Spanish secondary education students’ psychological response. 217 (113 males, 104 females) students (12-17 years) from one urban, coeducational high school (grades 8-11th) agreed to participate. On each grade, all subjects were randomly distributed in two study groups: the experimental group experienced Sport Education, while the comparison group experienced Direct Instruction. Several subscales extracted from different questionnaires (PLOC, BPNES, IMI, SGS-PE, PMCSQ-2) were used to measure the effects of the intervention program. All data was analyzed using the SPSS 19.0 statistical program. Results showed that the Sport Education group significantly improved intrinsic motivation, autonomy, competence, interest, boredom, social responsibility, social relationship and cooperative learning. The Direct Instruction group showed significant gains only in autonomy, social responsibility and cooperative learning. Sport Education can significantly promote adaptive psychological responses in adolescents.
Two forms of minimality in ASPIC `

Many systems of structured argumentation explicitly require that the facts and rules that make up the argument for a conclusion be the minimal set required to derive the conclusion. aspic ` does not place such a requirement on arguments, instead requiring that every rule and fact that are part of an argument be used in its construction. Thus aspic ` arguments are minimal in the sense that removing any element of the argument would lead to a structure that is not an argument. In this paper we discuss these two types of minimality and show how the ﬁrst kind of minimality can, if desired, be recovered in aspic ` .
Dynamic Voltage Scaling in Multitier Web Servers with End-to-End Delay Control

The energy and cooling costs of Web server farms are among their main financial expenditures. This paper explores the benefits of dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for power management in server farms. Unlike previous work, which addressed DVS on individual servers and on load-balanced server replicas, this paper addresses DVS in multistage service pipelines. Contemporary Web server installations typically adopt a three-tier architecture in which the first tier presents a Web interface, the second executes scripts that implement business logic, and the third serves database accesses. From a user's perspective, only the end-to-end response across the entire pipeline is relevant. This paper presents a rigorous optimization methodology and an algorithm for minimizing the total energy expenditure of the multistage pipeline subject to soft end-to-end response-time constraints. A distributed power management service is designed and evaluated on a real three-tier server prototype for coordinating DVS settings in a way that minimizes global energy consumption while meeting end-to-end delay constraints. The service is shown to consume as much as 30 percent less energy compared to the default (Linux) energy saving policy