Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic tunneling of obliquely incident waves through a single-negative slab paired with a double-positive uniaxial slab

We show that, under appropriate oblique-incidence and polarization conditions, the inherent opaqueness of a homogeneous, isotropic single-negative slab may be perfectly compensated (in the ideal lossless case) by a homogeneous, anisotropic (uniaxial) double-positive slab, so that complete tunneling (with total transmission and zero phase delay) occurs. We present an analytical and numerical study aimed at deriving the basic design rules, elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms, and exploring the role of the various involved parameters.
The energetic consequences of parasitism: effects of a developing infection of Trichostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda) on red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) energy balance, body weight and condition

SUMMARY The timing of the energetic consequences of a developing, single-dose infection of Trichostrongylus tenuis larvae was investigated in captive red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. At 12 days post-infection (p.i.), infected birds had a resting metabolic rate 16% greater than controls and thenceforth lost weight at a faster rate than controls. At 16 days p.i. infected birds consumed 38% less energy and excreted 33% less energy than controls. The estimated total daily energy expenditure and energy expended on activity for infected birds at 16 days p.i. were 36% and 83% lower, respectively, than for controls. Infected birds lost condition from 16 days p.i. onwards. The period of energy imbalance at 12–16 days p.i. coincided with development of late 4th-stage larvae into adult worms and the onset of patency. After this, the effects on energy balance diminished. Synchronous development of previously arrested T. tenuis larvae in wild birds in spring probably has similar effects to those reported here and places grouse under conditions of energy imbalance. The observed effects on energy balance provide a possible mechanism by which the parasite can reduce fecundity and survival of infected grouse.
Why Should Women Get Less? Evidence on the Gender Pay Gap from Multifactorial Survey Experiments

Gender pay gaps likely persist in Western societies because both men and women consider somewhat lower earnings for female employees than for otherwise similar male employees to be fair. Two different theoretical approaches explain “legitimate” wage gaps: same-gender referent theory and reward expectations theory. The first approach states that women compare their lower earnings primarily with that of other underpaid women; the second approach argues that both men and women value gender as a status variable that yields lower expectations about how much each gender should be paid for otherwise equal work. This article is the first to analyze hypotheses contrasting the two theories using an experimental factorial survey design. In 2009, approximately 1,600 German residents rated more than 26,000 descriptions of fictitious employees. The labor market characteristics of each employee and the amount of information given about them were experimentally varied across all descriptions. The results primarily support reward expectations theory. Both men and women produced gender pay gaps in their fairness ratings (with the mean ratio of just female-to-male wages being .92). Respondents framed the just pay ratios by the gender inequalities they experienced in their own occupations, and some evidence of gender-specific evaluation standards emerged.
Outsourced Biometric Identification With Privacy

Biometric identification typically scans a large-scale database of biometric records for finding a close enough match of an individual. This paper investigates how to outsource this computationally expensive scanning while protecting the privacy of both the database and the computation. Exploiting the inherent structures of biometric data and the properties of identification operations, we first present a privacy-preserving biometric identification scheme which uses a single server. We then consider its extensions in the two-server model. It achieves a higher level of privacy than our single-server solution assuming two servers are not colluding. Apart from somewhat homomorphic encryption, our second scheme uses batched protocols for secure shuffling and minimum selection. Our experiments on both synthetic and real data sets show that our solutions outperform existing schemes while preserving privacy.
School Experiences of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder Within the Context of Student Wellbeing: A Review and Analysis of the Literature

There has been an increasing body of research on student wellbeing in recent years. Despite this, there is much debate on the notion of student wellbeing, along with a lack of studies focusing on the wellbeing of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 12 studies on the wellbeing of typically developing students were used to identify the domains that comprise student wellbeing. Four studies on the school experiences of students with ASD were also included to investigate how the school experiences of students with ASD relate to the domains of student wellbeing. These articles were located through electronic and hand searches. Eight domains of student wellbeing were identified, along with 8 themes derived from the school experiences of students with ASD. Results support several recommendations for schools to promote the development of the domains of student wellbeing for students with ASD.
Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Uganda, 2017: A One Health perspective

Background Zoonotic diseases continue to be a public health burden globally. Uganda is especially vulnerable due to its location, biodiversity, and population. Given these concerns, the Ugandan government in collaboration with the Global Health Security Agenda conducted a One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Workshop to identify zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern to the Ugandan government. Materials and methods The One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization tool, a semi-quantitative tool developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was used for the prioritization of zoonoses. Workshop participants included voting members and observers representing multiple government and non-governmental sectors. During the workshop, criteria for prioritization were selected, and questions and weights relevant to each criterion were determined. We used a decision tree to provide a ranked list of zoonoses. Participants then established next steps for multisectoral engagement for the prioritized zoonoses. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated how criteria weights impacted disease prioritization. Results Forty-eight zoonoses were considered during the workshop. Criteria selected to prioritize zoonotic diseases were (1) severity of disease in humans in Uganda, (2) availability of effective control strategies, (3) potential to cause an epidemic or pandemic in humans or animals, (4) social and economic impacts, and (5) bioterrorism potential. Seven zoonotic diseases were identified as priorities for Uganda: anthrax, zoonotic influenza viruses, viral hemorrhagic fevers, brucellosis, African trypanosomiasis, plague, and rabies. Sensitivity analysis did not indicate significant changes in zoonotic disease prioritization based on criteria weights. Discussion One Health approaches and multisectoral collaborations are crucial to the surveillance, prevention, and control strategies for zoonotic diseases. Uganda used such an approach to identify zoonoses of national concern. Identifying these priority diseases enables Uganda’s National One Health Platform and Zoonotic Disease Coordination Office to address these zoonoses in the future with a targeted allocation of resources.
Genetic Alterations in Ulcerative Colitis‐associated Neoplasia Focusing on APC, K‐ras Gene and Microsatellite Instability

The status of genetic alterations in ulcerative colitis (UC)‐associated neoplasia (UCAN) was investigated focusing on microsatellite instability (MSI) which is seen in a certain fraction of colorectal carcinomas, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and K‐ras gene, in which mutations occur in the early stage of sporadic colorectal tumorigenesis. Thirty‐one UCAN from 15 UC patients who had undergone colorectal resection at our institution were investigated. There were 8 lesions of invasive carcinoma, 15 high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and 8 low‐grade dysplasia (LGD). DNA was extracted from each neoplastic lesion and corresponding non‐neoplastic tissue by a microdissection method. MSI status at 9 microsatellite loci, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the APC locus, and K‐ras codon 12 point mutation were examined. As for MSI, 4/31 (13%) UCAN (carcinoma: 1/8 (13%), HGD: 2/15 (13%), LGD: 1/8 (13%)) were MSI‐high (3 or more unstable loci) and 12/31 (39%) UCAN (carcinoma: 3/8 (38%), HGD: 6/15 (40%), LGD: 3/8 (38%)) were MSI‐low (1 or 2 unstable loci). LOH at the APC locus was not found in 9 UCAN from 6 informative (heterozygous) cases. The K‐ras mutation rate of UCAN was 3/31 (9.7%) (carcinoma: 2/8 (25%), HGD: 1/15 (7%) and LGD: 0/8). MSI is relatively common in UCAN and is present at the early stage of tumorigenesis of UCAN, while the involvement of genetic alterations of the APC gene and K‐ras gene is small. MSI may be one of the mechanisms of the increased neoplastic risk in UC, and UCAN may develop through a different carcinogenic pathway from sporadic carcinomas.
Prevention of pin track infection in external fixation with silver coated pins: clinical and microbiological results.

Pin tract infection is a frequent complication of external fixation; according to literature its frequency ranges from 2-30%. The recent introduction of silver coating of polymeric materials was found to decrease bacterial adhesion; its clinical use with Foley catheters and central venous catheters led to significant results. To verify the ability of the same silver coating to decrease the bacterial colonization on external fixation screws, a prospective randomized study was carried out on 24 male patients; a total of 106 screws were implanted in the lower limb to fix femoral or tibial diaphyseal fractures: 50 were coated with silver and 56 were commercially available stainless steel screws. Although the coated screws resulted in a lower rate of positive cultures (30.0%) than the uncoated screws (42.9%), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.243). The clinical behavior of the coated screws did not differ from that of the uncoated ones. Furthermore, the implant of silver-coated screws resulted in a significant increase in the silver serum level. These results led us to consider it ethically unacceptable to continue this investigation.
CPU workload forecasting of machines in data centers using LSTM recurrent neural networks and ARIMA models

The advent of Data Science has led to data being evermore useful for an increasing number of organizations who want to extract knowledge from it for financial and research purposes. This has triggered data to be mined at an even faster pace causing the rise of Data Centers that host over thousands of machines together with thousands of jobs running in each of those machines. The growing complexities associated with managing such a huge infrastructure has caused the scheduling management systems to be inefficient at resource allocation across these machines. Hence, resource usage forecasting of machines in data centers is a growing area for research. This study focuses on the Time Series forecasting of CPU usage of machines in data centers using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network and evaluating it against the widely used and traditional autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for forecasting. The final LSTM model had a forecasting error in the range of 17–23% compared to ARIMA model's 3742%. The results clearly show that LSTM models performed more consistently due to their ability to learn non-linear data much better than ARIMA models.
GrapH: Traffic-Aware Graph Processing

Distributed graph processing systems such as Pregel, PowerGraph, or GraphX gained popularity due to their superior performance of data analytics on graph-structured data. These systems employ partitioning algorithms to parallelize graph analytics while minimizing inter-partition communication. Recent partitioning algorithms, however, unrealistically assume a uniform and constant amount of data exchanged between graph vertices (i.e., uniform vertex traffic) and homogeneous network costs between workers hosting the graph partitions. This leads to suboptimal partitioning decisions and inefficient graph processing. To this end, we developed GrapH, the first graph processing system using vertex-cut graph partitioning that considers both, diverse vertex traffic and heterogeneous network costs. The main idea is to avoid frequent communication over expensive network links using an adaptive edge migration strategy. Our evaluations show an improvement of 10 percent in graph processing latency and 60 percent in communication costs compared to state-of-the-art partitioning approaches.
Study of Bioaerosols in Surgical Theaters and Intensive Care Units from a Public General Hospital

The health of building occupants may be affected by bioaerosols, particularly aerosolized bacteria and fungi. We determined airborne bacteria and fungi in 31 settings from a public general hospital. Air samples were taken by the impaction method on solid surface. Microbial identification was run by standard microbiological techniques. Results were interpreted by the criteria from The Spanish Association of Hospital Engineering and Canadian Health and Wealth Department. Results showed microbial density values ranging from 1 UFC/m to 222 UFC/m. In general, bacteria in surgical and non-surgical settings were within the ̈clean ̈ range. However, the Oto-rhino M2 surgery room, D surgery room and the Nephrology surgery room exceeded the non-contaminated range. The Sterilization room and the Neonatal intensive care unit also depicted bacteria and fungi contamination, respectively. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus was found in the Traumatology J surgery room and in the Urology S1 surgery room, while Serratia marcescens was isolated in the Nephrology surgery room. Therefore, J and S1 surgery rooms were also considered contaminated regardless of their low bacterial count. Bacterial identification revealed 14 genera and 8 species, being coagulase-negative Staphylococcus the most frequent bacterial isolate. The majority of the locations showed fungal densities values within the ̈very clean ̈ and ̈clean ̈ ranges, showing the isolation of 12 genera and 5 species. Aspegillus and Penicillum spp. were the most frequent fungal isolates. The indoor air microbiological quality in white theaters was determined by a rapid cultured-based method and a combination of indoor air microbiological quality criteria .
On the Nature of Microwave Response of the Resonator With a Thin FeSe1-x Tex Film Near Critical Temperature

Earlier, the authors found a feature in the form of a nonmonotonicity at <italic>T < T<sub>c</sub> </italic> in the temperature dependence of the Q-factor of a cavity resonator with the H<sub>011</sub> mode, when the FeSe<sub>1-</sub><italic><sub>x</sub></italic>Te<italic><sub>x</sub></italic> superconductor thin film is perpendicular to the microwave magnetic field of the resonator. In this paper, it has been shown experimentally that this nonmonotonicity is absent when the film is parallel to the magnetic field. In both cases, the film is located inside the resonator. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the Q-factor of the resonator with the film in comparison with the results of solving the model electrodynamic problem confirms the conclusion that the nature of the observed feature is due to a change in the orientation and distribution of the microwave magnetic field in the film as the temperature is raised to <italic>T </italic>≤<italic> T<sub>c</sub></italic>. Obviously, the conclusions drawn are of a general nature and do not depend on the kind of type-II superconductor, the thin film of which is located in the resonator.
Practical Utility of the Revised European‐American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms for Japanese Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphomas

A clinicopathological study of 515 non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases was performed using the revised European‐American classification of lymphoid neoplasms (REAL classification) in an HTLV1‐nonendemic area of Japan. The following characteristics were revealed: 1) frequency of extranodal lymphomas was high (59%) with 79% B‐cell lymphomas in this series, while the overall ratio of B:T/NK lineage was 3.7:1; 2) the most common type was the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (46%), follicle center lymphomas occurred at an incidence lower (15%) than that in European and American populations, and marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas accounted for as much as 12%; 3) peripheral T‐cell lymphomas were common (19%), with the unspecified type predominant (11%), while adult T‐cell lymphomas were present at a level equivalent to that among European and American patients (1%). Clear segregation of survival curves was rated according to cell lineage and B‐cell lymphomas had a better prognosis than T/NK‐cell lymphomas. Furthermore, new subtypes in the REAL classification, such as marginal zone B‐cell and mantle cell lymphomas, exhibited distinct curves. Taken altogether, the REAL classification demonstrated advantages for assessment of Japanese NHL cases.
Cardiovascular risk factors in young male adults: impact of physical activity and parental education

Background This study was conducted to assess whether choices of physical activity, smoking status, and parental education and income were correlated with the health status of young adult males which are important for preventive health policy. Methods 491 18–29-year old males from lower socioeconomical districts in Turkey participated in this study. Information about demographic characteristics, parental education, household income, smoking status, and physical activity was obtained by means of a standardized questionnaire. BMI and metabolic parameters (serum lipid profile) were assessed. Results Mean total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels were in the normal range. The physically active group displayed a better lipid profile. No relationship was found between parental education and serum lipids. Smoking was slightly correlated with household income (r=103, p=0.022). Conclusion Young adult males who participate in relatively high levels of physical activity are at lower CHD risk than less active ones. The present study also showed that lower socioecnomic status does not always correlate with higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, data supports that while family history cannot be changed, HDL levels can be modulated by lifestyle factors as in other populations and that with the determined benefits of increasing physical activity and thus, HDL levels, policy reform in schools to promote physical activity are warranted.
Can only poorer European countries afford large carnivores?

Background One of the classic approaches in environmental economics is the environmental Kuznets curve, which predicts that when a national economy grows from low to medium levels, threats to biodiversity conservation increase, but they decrease when the economy moves from medium to high. We evaluated this approach by examining how population densities of the brown bear (Ursus arctos), gray wolf (Canis lupus), and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were related to the national economy in 24 European countries. Methodology/Principal findings We used forest proportions, the existence of a compensation system, and country group (former socialist countries, Nordic countries, other countries) as covariates in a linear model with the first- and the second-order polynomial terms of per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Country group was treated as a random factor, but remained insignificant and was ignored. All models concerning brown bear and wolf provided evidence that population densities decreased with increasing GDP, but densities of lynx were virtually independent of GDP. Models for the wolf explained >80% of the variation in densities, without a difference between the models with all independent variables and the model with only GDP. For the bear, the model with GDP alone accounted for 10%, and all three variables 33%, of the variation in densities. Conclusions Wolves exhibit a higher capacity for dispersal and reproduction than bear or lynx, but still exists at the lowest densities in wealthy European countries. We are aware that several other factors, not available for our models, influenced large carnivore densities. Based on the pronounced differences among large carnivore species in their countrywide relationships between densities and GDP, and a strikingly high relationship for the gray wolf, we suggest that our results reflected differences in political history and public acceptance of these species among countries. The compensation paid for the damages caused by the carnivores is not a key to higher carnivore densities, but might be necessity for the presence of large carnivores to be accepted in countries with high GDP.
Investigation of a Multi-Component Intervention Addressing Mathematical Reasoning and Self-Regulation of Behavior for Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities.

Investigation of a Multi-Component Intervention Addressing Mathematical Reasoning and SelfRegulation of Behavior for Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities Marie B. Fisher Chair of Supervisory Committee: Professor Douglas Cheney Special Education For students with Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities (EBD), negative student outcomes are the poorest across disability categories, including high rates of school dropouts, unemployment and incarcerations. Mathematically, students with EBD receiving instruction in special education settings experience practices not consistent with recommendations for high quality mathematics instruction, resulting in 73% of students performing below the 50 th percentile on standardized mathematics achievement tests (Wagner, Kutash, Duchnowski, Epstein, & Sumi, 2005). This study focused on the development and implementation of a multicomponent mathematics/behavior intervention addressing mathematical reasoning and meaningful mathematics participation for elementary students with EBD. Participants for this study included 3 upper elementary students who were identified with EBD and low performance in mathematics. Each student participated in one-on-one instruction approximately 4 days per week for 20 minute over 4 weeks (n=16 sessions). A single-subject multiple baseline research design was implemented and intervention sessions were video recorded for further analysis. The intervention was effective in improving student outcomes in developing a deeper level of place value understanding, more efficient strategy use and an increase in productive participation.