Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality assessment in high-acuity surgery: volume and mortality are not enough.

Hypothesis A new quality assessment model for high-acuity surgery links process improvements with hospital costs and patient-centered outcomes and accurately reflects the clinical and economic impact of variance in patient acuity at the level of the practice and health care professional. Design Retrospective case series and cost analysis. Setting University tertiary care referral center. Patients A total of 296 patients undergoing elective pancreatic resection in 5 years. Main Outcome Measures Expected preoperative morbidity (evaluated using POSSUM [Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity]) was compared with observed morbidity (according to the Clavien complication scheme) and was correlated with total hospital costs per patient. Results As volume increased annually, patient acuity (expected morbidity) rose and complications declined. Overall, observed and expected morbidity rates were equal (54.1% vs 55.1%), for an observed-expected ratio of 0.98. Process improvement measures contributed to a steady decrease in the observed-expected morbidity ratio from 1.34 to 0.81 during the 5-year period. This decrease was strongly associated with significant cost savings as total costs per patient declined annually (from $31 541 to $18 829). This performance assessment model predicts that a 0.10 decrease in the observed-expected morbidity ratio equates to a $2549 cost savings per patient in our practice. Conclusions Despite increasing patient acuity, better clinical and economic outcomes were achieved across time. Approaches that mitigate the impact of preoperative risk can effectively deliver quality improvement, as illustrated by a reduced observed-expected morbidity ratio. This approach is valuable in analyzing performance and process improvements and can be used to assess intrapractice and interpractice variations in high-acuity surgery.
Gastric acid secretion and lower-esophageal-sphincter pressure in response to coffee and caffeine.

Caffeine stimulates gastric acid secretion and reduces the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter in man. These effects of caffeine have been used as evidence that regular coffee should not be used by patients with peptic-ulcer disease or gastroesophageal reflux. We compared the dose-response relations of caffeine, regular coffee and decaffeinated coffee for gastric acid secretion and sphincter pressure in normal subjects. Decaffeinated coffee gave a maximal acid response of 16.5 +/- 2.6 mEq per hour (mean +/- S.E.M.), which was similar to that of regular coffee, 20.9 +/- 3.6 mEq per hour, both values being higher than that of caffeine, 8.4 +/- 1.3, on a cup-equivalent basis. Sphincter pressure showed minimal changes in response to caffeine, but was significantly increased by both regular and decaffeinated coffee (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that clinical recommendations based upon the known gastrointestinal effects of caffeine may bear little relation to the actual observed actions of coffee or decaffeinated coffee.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE TREATMENT OF ECLAMPSIA *

PERHAPS an apology is due for choosing the treatment of eclampsia as a topic for this lecture. All over the world obstetricians have realized that eclampsia is a preventible disease. Efficient antenatal care and proper management of pre-eclampsia has almost eliminated eclampsia in Europe, England, America and other places where such care is available to all pregnant mothers. Unfortunately in many areas of Asia efficient antenatal care is available to only a minute fraction of the population and therefore to us eclampsia is a major obstetric problem even today. If I therefore talk about this subject in this country it is with the idea that I may be able to present before you in its proper perspective some of our problems, how we are meeting it and with what results. In this hospital during a period 1929-1933 the incidence of eclampsia was 2.1 per cent and in 1953-1958 period its incidence was still 1 -6 per cent. With the annual number of deliveries amounting to over 12,000 the magnitude of the problem becomes obvious. The aetiology of eclampsia is still obscure and so long as it is so our treatment will be symptomatic and empirical. I do not propose to go into the historical details of the treatment but wish to point out that for over 100 years controversies have raged regarding the best method of treat-
Superresolving SAR Tomography for Multidimensional Imaging of Urban Areas: Compressive sensing-based TomoSAR inversion

With reference to the current status of VHR spaceborne tomographic SAR inversion presented in this article, the following conclusions can be drawn: VHR tomographic SAR inversion is able to reconstruct the shape and motion of individual buildings and entire city areas. SR is crucial and possible, e.g., using CS, for VHR tomographic SAR inversion for urban infrastructure. The motion or deformation of buildings is often nonlinear (periodic, accelerating, stepwise, etc.). Multicomponent nonlinear motion of multiple scatterers can be separated. The 4-D point clouds retrieved by VHR TomoSAR has a point density comparable to LiDAR and can be potentially used for dynamic city model reconstruction.
Alcohol consumption, alcohol outlets, and the risk of being assaulted with a gun.

BACKGROUND We conducted a population-based case-control study to better delineate the relationship between individual alcohol consumption, alcohol outlets in the surrounding environment, and being assaulted with a gun. METHODS An incidence density sampled case-control study was conducted in the entire city of Philadelphia from 2003 to 2006. We enrolled 677 cases that had been shot in an assault and 684 population-based controls. The relationships between 2 independent variables of interest, alcohol consumption and alcohol outlet availability, and the outcome of being assaulted with a gun were analyzed. Conditional logistic regression was used to adjust for numerous confounding variables. RESULTS After adjustment, heavy drinkers were 2.67 times as likely to be shot in an assault when compared with nondrinkers (p < 0.10) while light drinkers were not at significantly greater risk of being shot in an assault when compared with nondrinkers. Regression-adjusted analyses also demonstrated that being in an area of high off-premise alcohol outlet availability significantly increased the risk of being shot in an assault by 2.00 times (p < 0.05). Being in an area of high on-premise alcohol outlet availability did not significantly change this risk. Heavy drinkers in areas of high off-premise alcohol outlet availability were 9.34 times (p < 0.05) as likely to be shot in an assault. CONCLUSIONS This study finds that the gun assault risk to individuals who are near off-premise alcohol outlets is about the same as or statistically greater than the risk they incur from heavy drinking. The combination of heavy drinking and being near off-premise outlets resulted in greater risk than either factor alone. By comparison, light drinking and being near on-premise alcohol outlets were not associated with increased risks for gun assault. Cities should consider addressing alcohol-related factors, especially off-premise outlets, as highly modifiable and politically feasible approaches to reducing gun violence.
P‐13: Photosensitivity of Amorphous IGZO TFTs for Active‐Matrix Flat‐Panel Displays

We studied the optical and electrical properties of the amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs). To develop a‐IGZO density‐of‐states model, intrinsic a‐IGZO optical properties such as optical band gap and Urbach energy, and TFT characteristics under illumination are investigated. During the a‐IGZO TFTs illumination with the wavelengths ranging from 460 to 660 nm, the off‐state drain current only slightly increases while a large increase was observed for the wavelength below 400 nm. Threshold voltage and subthreshold swing are also only slightly modified between 460 to 660 nm, while field‐effect mobility is almost unchanged in the investigated photon energy range. The observed results are consistent with the a‐IGZO optical energy band gap of about 3.05 eV. This study suggest that the a‐IGZO TFTs are light sensitive above 3.0 eV and photogenerated electrons are more mobile than holes within device channel region.
Are older women likely to use medicines than older men? (Results from AHAP study)

Background: The health of elderly population in the world has been an important issue in recent century and the use of appropriate or inappropriate medications is challenging among them. The purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of medication in elderly population in Amirkola, northern of Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on 1534 elderly subjects who participated in Amirkola Health and Ageing Project (AHAP) in 2013. The number of drugs that was used regardless of their indication in terms of age, level of education, disease, cognitive or depression and social support were recorded and compared in both sexes. Results: The mean number of drugs used in men and women was 2.1±2.45 and 3.59±2.75, respectively (P=0.000). Concurrent use of > 4 drugs was seen in 16.5% of men and in 35.12% of women (P=0.000). The difference for using the number of drugs was significant between sexes with low educational level, but was similar in educated individuals. The use of polypharmacy was associated with the number of concurrent diseases (r=0.58, P=000), cognitive status (r=0.065, P=0.012), social support (r=-0.1, P=0.008), and depression (r=0.273, P=0.000). Conclusion: The results show that the use of polypharmacy in the elderly population in Amirkola is relatively high and they need to be educated. Considering the other indices, this problem highly manifested more in the elderly women.
On the Problem of Prevention

Many disasters are foreshadowed by insufficient preventative care. In this paper, we argue that there is a true problem of prevention, in that insufficient care is often the result of rational calculations on the part of agents. We identify three factors that lead to dubious efforts in care. First, when objective risks of a disaster are poorly understood, positive experiences may lead to an underestimation of these risks and a corresponding underinvestment in prevention. Second, redundancies designed for safety may lead agents to take substandard care. Finally, elected officials have an incentive to underinvest in prevention for some disasters, especially those that are relatively unlikely.
Neurasthenia: Prevalence, disability and health care characteristics in the Australian community

Background Neurasthenia imposes a high burden on primary medical health care systems in all societies. Aims To determine the prevalence of ICD-10 neurasthenia and associated comorbidity, disability and health care utilisation. Method Utilisation of a national sample of Australian households previously surveyed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and other measures. Results Prolonged and excessive fatigue was reported by 1465 people (13.29% of the sample). Of these, one in nine people meet current ICD-10 criteria for neurasthenia. Comorbidity was associated with affective, anxiety and physical disorders. People with neurasthenia alone (< 0.5% of the population) were less disabled and used less services than those with comorbid disorders. Conclusions Fatigue is frequent in the Australian community and is common in people attending general practice. Neurasthenia is disabling and demanding of services largely because of its comorbidity with other mental and physical disorders. Until a remedy for persistent fatigue is provided, doctors should take an active psychological approach to treatment.
Statistical Dynamics of Coherent Quantum Systems Operating in the Presence of Quantum Noise

A statistical characterization of the quantum state of polarization for a coherent quantum system disturbed by quantum noise is presented. The composite quantum system consists of an integer number ${N_s}$ of mutually polarized photons disturbed by quantum noise which consists of an average number $\mathcal{N}$ of thermal radiation quanta plus the zero-point energy fluctuations. The interacting and coupled dynamics of the quantum system polarization is modeled by mutually coupled energy balanced stochastic differential equations mimicking the motion of Huygens mutually coupled pendulum clocks. The Markovian nature of the quantum noise allows one to use the Fokker–Planck (FP) apparatus to develop a coherency distribution which lives on a Clifford horn torus. Using this distribution, distributions for the Quantum State-of-Polarization, the Quantum Degree-of-Polarization, the circular moments, and the azimuthal and longitudinal polarization state jitters are derived. It is shown that the stable polarization states of quantum system equilibrium define a Bravais lattice in phase space. From this perspective, it is shown that quantum polarization interruptions are at the heart of certain quantum decoherence effects, e.g., polarization slips and flips, while pendula-like clock synchronization is at the heart of maintaining and sustaining coherency among the parts (photons) of coherent quantum systems. A classical world to quantum world “transition boundary” is identified as a function of quantum system parameters. This function is used to partition the electromagnetic spectrum into three disjoint regions of operation: a classical, a transition, and a quantum communications region. The results presented will find applications to the problem of evaluating single and multiphoton quantum communication system performance and in the system engineering design of quantum communication systems and a quantum internet connecting quantum computers.
Network Topologies and Convergent Aetiologies Arising from Deletions and Duplications Observed in Individuals with Autism

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are highly heritable and characterised by impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. Considering four sets of de novo copy number variants (CNVs) identified in 181 individuals with autism and exploiting mouse functional genomics and known protein-protein interactions, we identified a large and significantly interconnected interaction network. This network contains 187 genes affected by CNVs drawn from 45% of the patients we considered and 22 genes previously implicated in ASD, of which 192 form a single interconnected cluster. On average, those patients with copy number changed genes from this network possess changes in 3 network genes, suggesting that epistasis mediated through the network is extensive. Correspondingly, genes that are highly connected within the network, and thus whose copy number change is predicted by the network to be more phenotypically consequential, are significantly enriched among patients that possess only a single ASD-associated network copy number changed gene (p = 0.002). Strikingly, deleted or disrupted genes from the network are significantly enriched in GO-annotated positive regulators (2.3-fold enrichment, corrected p = 2×10−5), whereas duplicated genes are significantly enriched in GO-annotated negative regulators (2.2-fold enrichment, corrected p = 0.005). The direction of copy change is highly informative in the context of the network, providing the means through which perturbations arising from distinct deletions or duplications can yield a common outcome. These findings reveal an extensive ASD-associated molecular network, whose topology indicates ASD-relevant mutational deleteriousness and that mechanistically details how convergent aetiologies can result extensively from CNVs affecting pathways causally implicated in ASD.
Symptom Manifestation and Impairments in College Students With ADHD

To better understand the nature of impairment resulting from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for students in a post-secondary education (PSE) setting, the authors analyzed the symptoms and associated impairment of 135 students with a diagnosis of ADHD who were recruited via Student Disability Services in Canadian post-secondary institutions. The authors (a) developed a novel semistructured telephone interview based on the 6-item Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener–Telephone Interview With Probes (ASRS-TIPS) to elicit students’ descriptions of their behavior for each symptom they endorsed, (b) administered standardized tests of executive functioning (EF) and academic fluency, and (c) obtained self-reports of grade point averages (GPAs), EF, cognitive failures, psychopathology, distress, and resilience. Qualitative analysis of the ASRS-TIPS revealed significant impairment relating to symptoms of ADHD in the PSE setting. Students reported clinically significant symptoms of ADHD, psychological distress, and impairment in EF (67%, severe range) and cognitive failure (62%, atypical range) in everyday life. By contrast, their GPAs and standardized scores of EF and academic fluency were in the average range. Standardized scores and GPAs did not capture the impairment that participants experienced in their PSE settings. The ASRS-TIPS may provide a useful tool to help document how these students’ symptoms impair functioning in the PSE setting.
Cortical Spreading Depression in Rats

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is an important neurophysiological phenomenon, which was first discovered more than 60 years ago. Optical intrinsic signal imaging (OISI) is a neuroimaging technique that can monitor a large region of the cortex with both higher temporal and spatial resolution. This technique is particularly suitable for the investigation of CSD wave propagation. However, all the previous work performed with OISI focused only on one hemisphere of animal brain, so the potential useful information from the contralateral side was lost. Although the feasibility of OISI of CSD has been demonstrated, reliable detection of small intrinsic optical signals associated with CSD is still challenging but very important for the better understanding of CSD. Previous investigations on OISI around 550 nm suggested three or four phases of optical responses associated with stimulation-evoked CSD, but this is still under debate. This is an important issue for considering the physiological sources of optical signals. The failure to unambiguously determine the phases of optical signals may be partly due to the loss of quantitative assessment of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in optical imaging. In biparietal imaging, the hemisphere without CSD would help to determine the noise level of optical recording. To our knowledge, no research visualizing the simultaneous CSD waves in the bilateral hemisphere has been conducted yet. In this study, OISI at 550 nm was selected to monitor the biparietal cortex simultaneously during CSD in rats. The study aimed to clarify the multiphases of reflectance and to compare the bilateral properties of CSD induced by pinprick or K+, and the results would improve the understanding of CSD.
A trust‐based study of CS influence on OCB in Iranian Water Resources Management Company

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of communication satisfaction (CS) on employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), considering the role of organizational trust as a mediating variable within the Iranian cultural context.Design/methodology/approach – This paper builds a conceptual model, based on literature review, to illustrate the effect of communication satisfaction on employees’ OCBs within the Iranian national context. Out of 194 questionnaires distributed among the employees of Iranian Water Resources Management Company, one of the well‐recognized companies in the Iranian water industry, 173 filled in the questionnaires completely.Findings – The paper addresses the main components forming communication satisfaction, organizational trust and OCBs referring to the role of Iranian cultural dimensions. The result of analyzing the research model by using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique shows that communication satisfaction has a positive effect on organ.
A Micro-Level Analysis of Support in Britain for the War in Afghanistan

Research Highlights and Abstract The article conducts a detailed and robust analysis of the social and attitudinal underpinnings of general support for the war in Afghanistan. The article contributes to scholarly understanding of public attitudes in Britain on foreign policy issues and to the wider literature on public opinion and war. The findings underline the long-standing ‘gender gap’ in attitudes to war, with men more in favour. Labour partisanship and political knowledge are directly related to support for the war, though there is only weak evidence that the effects of partisanship are mediated via political knowledge. This article analyses the micro-level factors affecting public opinion in Britain towards the long-running war in Afghanistan, a major foreign policy issue in the post-9-11 era. It examines the effects of social and attitudinal factors, including perceptions of how the war is going. There is a strong evidence of a ‘gender gap’, with men more in favour, while those with higher educational attainment are more supportive. Perceptions of the war's progress play a strong role in shaping general support. Labour partisans are more supportive while political knowledge is positively-related to support for the war. There is weaker evidence that the effects of partisanship are mediated via political knowledge. This article contributes to the scholarly understanding of public attitudes in Britain on foreign policy issues and to the wider literature on public opinion and military intervention.
Coexpressed D1- and D2-Like Dopamine Receptors Antagonistically Modulate Acetylcholine Release in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dopamine acts through two classes of G protein-coupled receptor (D1-like and D2-like) to modulate neuron activity in the brain. While subtypes of D1- and D2-like receptors are coexpressed in many neurons of the mammalian brain, it is unclear how signaling by these coexpressed receptors interacts to modulate the activity of the neuron in which they are expressed. D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors are also coexpressed in the cholinergic ventral-cord motor neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans. To begin to understand how coexpressed dopamine receptors interact to modulate neuron activity, we performed a genetic screen in C. elegans and isolated mutants defective in dopamine response. These mutants were also defective in behaviors mediated by endogenous dopamine signaling, including basal slowing and swimming-induced paralysis. We used transgene rescue experiments to show that defects in these dopamine-specific behaviors were caused by abnormal signaling in the cholinergic motor neurons. To investigate the interaction between the D1- and D2-like receptors specifically in these cholinergic motor neurons, we measured the sensitivity of dopamine-signaling mutants and transgenic animals to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb. We found that D2 signaling inhibited acetylcholine release from the cholinergic motor neurons while D1 signaling stimulated release from these same cells. Thus, coexpressed D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors act antagonistically in vivo to modulate acetylcholine release from the cholinergic motor neurons of C. elegans.