Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Heat Transfer in Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille Systems

The purpose of this work is to model turbulent Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flows submitted to a temperature gradient. These flows are relevant in many industrial applications including rotating machineries and more especially for the effective cooling of electric motors. Several turbulence closures (k-ω SST, RSM and LES) are first compared in the isothermal case and validated against the reliable experimental data of Escudier and Gouldson [1]. A detailed analysis of the coherent structures within the boundary layers is proposed. The model offering the best compromise between computational cost and accuracy is then used to perform more computations in the configuration with a temperature gradient considered by Kuosa et al. [2]. In their system, the air flow enters the rotor-stator cavity radially. Correlations for the average Nusselt numbers along the rotor and stator as a function of the control parameters (rotation rate, air flow rate, Prandtl number) are provided and compared with data available in the literature [3].
From Body Form to Biological Motion

In two experiments, we investigated time perception during apparent biological motion. Pictures of initial, intermediate, and final positions of a single movement were presented, with interstimulus intervals that were constant within trials but varied across trials. Movement paths were manipulated by changing the sequential order of body postures. Increasing the path length produced an increase in perceived movement velocity. To produce an implicit measure of apparent movement dynamics, we also asked participants to judge the duration of a frame surrounding the stimuli. Longer paths with higher apparent movement velocity produced shorter perceived durations. This temporal bias was attenuated for nonbody (Experiment 1) and inverted-body (Experiment 2) control stimuli. As an explanation for these findings, we propose an automatic top-down mechanism of biological-motion perception that binds successive body postures into a continuous percept of movement. We show that this mechanism is associated with velocity-dependent temporal compression. Furthermore, this mechanism operates on-line, bridging the intervals between static stimuli, and is specific to configural processing of body form.
Sequence to Backward and Forward Sequences: A Content-Introducing Approach to Generative Short-Text Conversation

Using neural networks to generate replies in human-computer dialogue systems is attracting increasing attention over the past few years. However, the performance is not satisfactory: the neural network tends to generate safe, universally relevant replies which carry little meaning. In this paper, we propose a content-introducing approach to neural network-based generative dialogue systems. We first use pointwise mutual information (PMI) to predict a noun as a keyword, reflecting the main gist of the reply. We then propose seq2BF, a “sequence to backward and forward sequences” model, which generates a reply containing the given keyword. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms traditional sequence-to-sequence models in terms of human evaluation and the entropy measure, and that the predicted keyword can appear at an appropriate position in the reply.
Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Circulating markers relevant to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are currently required. Lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), is considered a candidate marker associated with the presence of AAA. The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between circulating Lp(a) levels and the presence of AAA. The PubMed-based search was conducted up to April 30, 2015, to identify the studies focusing on Lp(a) levels in patients with AAA and controls. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random effects model, with standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary statistics. Overall, 9 studies were identified. After a combined analysis, patients with AAA were found to have a significantly higher level of Lp(a) compared to the controls (SMD: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.41-1.33, P < .001). This result remained robust in the sensitivity analysis, and its significance was not influenced after omitting each of the included studies from the meta-analysis. The present meta-analysis confirmed a higher level of circulating Lp(a) in patients with AAA compared to controls. High Lp(a) levels can be associated with the presence of AAA, and Lp(a) may be a marker in screening for AAA. Further studies are needed to establish the clinical utility of measuring Lp(a) in the prevention and management of AAA.
Associations between U.S. Adult Obesity and State and County Economic Conditions in the Recession

This study examines the association between state and county unemployment rates and individuals’ body weight status during the latest recession in the U.S. We used the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data in 2007, 2009 and 2011, which were collected from 722,692 American adults aged 18 or older. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25, and ≥30, respectively. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were applied to assess the association between BMI, risks of overweight and obesity, and state and county unemployment rates. State unemployment rates were negatively associated with individual BMI across years, while county unemployment rates were significantly positively associated with BMI and obesity rates in all years (p < 0.05). However, the scale of the positive relationship was reduced in 2009 and 2011. Stratified analyses were conducted among adults with employment and without employment. The unemployed group’s body weight status was not related to state- and county-level economic conditions in most times. In the pooled analyses with all three years’ data, the relationship between unemployment rates and body weight status were consistently reduced after the recession of 2008–2009. Our results indicated that macroeconomic conditions at different levels can have different associations with individuals’ obesity risk across time.
SUPERSYMMETRIC ROTATING BLACK HOLES AND CAUSALITY VIOLATION

The geodesics of the rotating extreme black hole in five spacetime dimensions found by Breckenridge, Myers, Peet and Vafa are Liouville integrable and may be integrated by additively separating the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. This allows us to obtain the Stackel-Killing tensor. We use these facts to give the maximal analytic extension of the spacetime and discuss some aspects of its causal structure. In particular, we exhibit a `repulson'-like behaviour occurring when there are naked closed timelike curves. In this case we find that the spacetime is geodesically complete (with respect to causal geodesics) and free of singularities. When a partial Cauchy surface exists, we show, by solving the Klein-Gordon equation, that the absorption cross section for massless waves at small frequencies is given by the area of the hole. At high frequencies a dependence on the angular quantum numbers of the wave develops. We comment on some aspects of `inertial time travel' and argue that such time machines cannot be constructed by spinning up a black hole with no naked closed timelike curves.
Corrosion of metal fasteners embedded in acetylated and untreated wood at different moisture contents

ABSTRACT Acetylated wood is now commercially available and designed to be used in certain outdoor applications as an alternative to preservative-treated wood. Fastener corrosion can be a concern in preservative treated wood when the wood remains wet for long periods. However, little data on the corrosiveness of acetylated wood exists beyond the product literature. Here we examine the corrosiveness of commercially obtained acetylated wood and compare it against unmodified (untreated) southern pine (Pinus spp.). Corrosion rates of plain carbon steel, hot dip galvanized steel, and stainless steel were calculated gravimetrically after a one year exposed in the wood. Four different moisture conditions were examined: 90% relative humidity (RH), 95% RH, 100% RH, and a fully water saturated condition. When compared to literature data on the corrosion of fasteners in preservative treated wood at 100% RH, the acetylated wood had much lower steel corrosion rates than all preservatives examined; the measured corrosion rates for galvanized steel were lower than all preservatives except chromated copper arsenate. These measured corrosion rates across a range of moisture conditions can be used to inform the selection of appropriate corrosion resistant fasteners when building with acetylated wood.
Depressive disease: life events and onset of illness.

This study examines the relationship between various possible precipitating events and the onset of unipolar depressive illness in 100 patients. The precipitating factors studied were: (1) deprivation prior to age 16 as a result of loss of parents by death, separation or divorce; (2) personal losses through death in the year before admission; (3) threatened personal losses; and (4) physical illness in the preceding six months. Patients whose depressive illness started before age 40 had a significantly higher incidence of real or threatened personal losses than did later-onset depressives (after 40). Twelve patients claimed a personal loss preceding the onset of depressive symptoms. Using 51 well relatives of the patients, matched for age and sex as controls, two claimed a similar type of personal loss. The difference between the two incidences, patient 12% and control of 3.9%, is not statistically significant.
Distribution and activity of Bacteria and Archaea in the deep water masses of the North Atlantic

We determined the distribution and activity of the major prokaryotic groups (Bacteria, Cren‐, and Euryarchaeota) inhabiting the deep water masses of the North Atlantic by following the path of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) from its formation in the Greenland‐Iceland‐Norwegian (GIN) Sea along its two major branches covering approximately the first 50 yr of the NADW in the oceanic conveyor belt system. The relative abundance of Eury‐ and Crenarchaeota, assessed by catalyzed reporter deposition‐fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD‐FISH), was significantly higher in the western branch (17% and 24% of 49,69‐diamidino‐2‐ phenylindole (DAPI)‐stained cells, respectively) than in the eastern (9% and 17%, respectively) branch of the NADW. In contrast, the relative abundance of Bacteria (30% of DAPI‐stained cells) did not differ between the western and the eastern basin. Prokaryotic production and turnover rates, however, were higher in the western than the eastern basin. Generally, the contribution of Euryarchaeota to total picoplankton was correlated positively with oxygen concentrations ( p < 0.001) and negatively with salinity ( p < 0.001) and temperature ( p < 0.001). The contribution of Crenarchaeota to total picoplankton correlated positively with oxygen ( p < 0.05) and negatively with salinity ( p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the crenarchaeotal contribution to picoplankton and nitrite concentration ( p < 0.001), especially in the oxygen minimum layer, suggesting their potential involvement in the marine nitrogen cycle as nitrifiers. The observed variability in archaeal abundance in relation to bulk prokaryotic activity supports the emerging notion that Archaea are a highly dynamic and metabolically active component of the deep ocean prokaryotic community.
An Efficient Intra Prediction Hardware Architecture for H.264 Video Decoding

In this paper, we present an efficient hardware architecture for real-time implementation of intra prediction algorithm used in H.264 / MPEG4 Part 10 video coding standard. The hardware design is based on a novel organization of the intra prediction equations. This hardware architecture is designed to be used as part of a H.264 video decoder for portable applications. The proposed architecture is implemented in Verilog HDL. The Verilog RTL is verified to work at 70 MHz in a Xilinx II FPGA. The FPGA implementation can process a VGA frame (640x480) in the worst case in 9.85 msec.
On numbers and games

Some readers know to play the game of nim well, fewer play a perfect annihilation game, and nobody knows whether there exists an opening move in chess that will guarantee a win for white. These games and many more, belong to the family of combinatorial games, by which we mean the set of all two-player perfect-information games without chance moves and with outcomes lose or win (and sometimes: dynamic tie). The motivation for ONAG may have been, and perhaps was-and I would like to think that it was-the attempt to bridge the theory gap between nim-like and chess-like games. Why is there a gap? Every combinatorial game can be described as a directed graph called game-graph, whose vertices are the game positions, and (u, v) is a directed edge if and only if there is a move from position u to position v. Denote by N the set of all positions from which the Next (first) player can force a win; by P the set of all positions from which the Previous (second) player can force a win; and by T the set of all (dynamic) Tie positions, which are positions from which no player can force a win and therefore both can avoid losing. In an acyclic game-graph there cannot be any tie positions. The N, P, T classification of any game graph R = (V, E) can be determined in 0(\V\ + \E\) steps [8]. For both nim and chess, a finite game-graph can be constructed and the N, P, T classification can be determined. So both games are solvable in principle. If we play nim with n piles, each pile containing at most k tokens, then the game-graph contains (k + \) vertices. Suppose that in (generalized) chess played on an « X « board there are k different pieces. If k is about n/2, then the game-graph of chess contains O (2") vertices. So both game-graphs have exponentially many vertices, and thus both games appear intractable in the usual sense of computational complexity [1, Chapter 10], [14, Chapter 9], namely a computation appears to be required which is asymptotically exponential. From a computational efficiency standpoint, the essential difference between nim and chess is that nim can be viewed as a disjunctive compound (sum) of independent games, namely the individual piles. A disjunctive
Neural net robot controller: Structure and stability proofs

A multilayer neural net (NN) controller for a general serial-link robot arm is developed. The structure of the NN controller is derived using a filtered error approach. It is argued that standard backpropagation tuning, when used for real-time closed-loop control, can yield unbounded NN weights if: (1) the net can not exactly reconstruct a certain required control function, (2) there are bounded unknown disturbances in the robot dynamics, or (3) the robot arm has more than one link (i.e. nonlinear case). On-line weight tuning algorithms including correction terms to backpropagation, plus an added robustifying signal, guarantee tracking as well as bounded weights. The correction terms involve a second-orderforward-propagated wave in the backprop network.
Interindividual variation in serum cholesterol is associated with regional white matter tissue integrity in older adults

Prior research has demonstrated links among vascular health and the occurrence of stroke, mild cognitive decline, and dementia in older adults. However, little is known about whether normal variation in vascular indicators may be related to changes in neural tissue integrity. Even less is known about how the brain is affected by cholesterol levels in the normal to moderate risk range, leading up to overt disease pathology. This study examined associations between serum lipid levels and DTI indicators of white matter (WM) structural integrity in a sample of 125 generally healthy older adults aged 43–87 years. Whole‐brain voxelwise analysis, controlling for age and gender, revealed low density lipoprotein levels (LDL) as the most robust correlate of regional WM structural integrity of the measured lipids. Higher LDL was associated with decreased WM integrity in right frontal and temporal regions, the superior longitudinal fasciculus and internal/external capsules. Increasing LDL was associated with increased radial and axial diffusivity; however, more widespread statistical effects were found for radial diffusivity. These findings suggest that normal interindividual variation in lipid levels is associated with compromised regional WM integrity, even in individuals below clinical thresholds for hyperlipidemia. Given the prevalence of cholesterol‐associated sequelae in older adults, and mounting evidence suggesting a vascular role in the etiology of dementia, the current data suggest that understanding the relationship between cholesterol and brain tissue microstructure may have important clinical implications for early detection of vascular‐related cognitive disorders and optimal regulation of serum lipids to maintain neural health in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low-complexity near-maximum-likelihood detection and precoding for MIMO systems using lattice reduction

We consider the lattice-reduction-aided detection scheme for 2/spl times/2 channels recently proposed by H. Yao and G.W. Wornell (see Proc. IEEE Globecom, 2002). By using an equivalent real-valued substitute MIMO channel model, their lattice reduction algorithm can be replaced by the well-known LLL (Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz) algorithm (Lenstra, A.K. et al., 1982), which enables the application of the algorithm to MIMO systems with arbitrary numbers of dimensions. We show how lattice reduction can also be favourably applied in systems that use precoding and give simulation results that underline the usefulness of this approach.
Deep Unfolding for Topic Models

Deep unfolding provides an approach to integrate the probabilistic generative models and the deterministic neural networks. Such an approach is benefited by deep representation, easy interpretation, flexible learning and stochastic modeling. This study develops the unsupervised and supervised learning of deep unfolded topic models for document representation and classification. Conventionally, the unsupervised and supervised topic models are inferred via the variational inference algorithm where the model parameters are estimated by maximizing the lower bound of logarithm of marginal likelihood using input documents without and with class labels, respectively. The representation capability or classification accuracy is constrained by the variational lower bound and the tied model parameters across inference procedure. This paper aims to relax these constraints by directly maximizing the end performance criterion and continuously untying the parameters in learning process via deep unfolding inference (DUI). The inference procedure is treated as the layer-wise learning in a deep neural network. The end performance is iteratively improved by using the estimated topic parameters according to the exponentiated updates. Deep learning of topic models is therefore implemented through a back-propagation procedure. Experimental results show the merits of DUI with increasing number of layers compared with variational inference in unsupervised as well as supervised topic models.
Uterine artery embolization: A soccour for bleeding uterus

Percutaneous transcatheter embolization is being used in a variety of clinical situations in the pelvis since last few decades ever since it was used the 1st time in 1979 to treat a case of obstetrical hemorrhage. [1] Embolization has been used to arrest bleeding following major pelvic trauma, in the postpartum period, following hysterectomy, in advanced pelvic cancer and for patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. [2] Embolization may be used as an adjunct to surgery in cases of vascular tumors and arteriovenous malformations. It may help to debulk or devascularize the tumors thus making the operation easier and reducing the transfusion requirements. Embolization has recently also been considered for the treatment of uterine fibroids as these are common tumors often associated with abnormal bleeding.
Technology Evaluation: A Randomized Trial of Electronic Clinical Reminders to Improve Quality of Care for Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an integrated patient-specific electronic clinical reminder system on diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) care and to assess physician attitudes toward this reminder system. DESIGN We enrolled 194 primary care physicians caring for 4549 patients with diabetes and 2199 patients with CAD at 20 ambulatory clinics. Clinics were randomized so that physicians received either evidence-based electronic reminders within their patients' electronic medical record or usual care. There were five reminders for diabetes care and four reminders for CAD care. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was receipt of recommended care for diabetes and CAD. We created a summary outcome to assess the odds of increased compliance with overall diabetes care (based on five measures) and overall CAD care (based on four measures). We surveyed physicians to assess attitudes toward the reminder system. RESULTS Baseline adherence rates to all quality measures were low. While electronic reminders increased the odds of recommended diabetes care (odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.67) and CAD (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.55), the impact of individual reminders was variable. A total of three of nine reminders effectively increased rates of recommended care for diabetes or CAD. The majority of physicians (76%) thought that reminders improved quality of care. CONCLUSION An integrated electronic reminder system resulted in variable improvement in care for diabetes and CAD. These improvements were often limited and quality gaps persist.
The Impact of HER2/neu Expression Level on Response to the E75 Vaccine: From U.S. Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-01 and I-02

Purpose: HER2/neu, a source of immunogenic peptides, is expressed in >75% of breast cancer patients. We have conducted clinical trials with the HER2/neu E75 peptide vaccine in breast cancer patients with varying levels of HER2/neu expression. Vaccine response based on HER2/neu expression level was analyzed. Experimental Design: Patients were stratified by HER2/neu expression. Low expressors (n = 100) were defined as HER2/neu immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ to 2+ or fluorescence in situ hybridization < 2.0. Overexpressors (n = 51) were defined as IHC 3+ or fluorescence in situ hybridization ≥ 2.0. Additional analyses were done stratifying by IHC status (0-3+). Standard clinocopathlogic factors, immunologic response (in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions; ex vivo human leukocyte antigen A2:immunoglobulin G dimer assay), and clinical responses (recurrence; mortality) were assessed. Results: Low-expressor (control, 44; vaccinated, 56) versus overexpressor patients (control, 22; vaccinated, 29) were assessed. Low expressors, overexpressors, and most IHC-status vaccinated groups responded immunologically. Vaccinated low-expressor patients had larger maximum immunologic responses compared with overexpressor patients (P = 0.04), and vaccinated IHC 1+ patients had increased long-term immune response (P = 0.08). More importantly, compared with controls, low-expressor patients had a mortality reduction (P = 0.08). The largest decrease in mortality was seen in IHC 1+ patients (P = 0.05). In addition, a subset of overexpressor patients (n = 7) received trastuzumab before vaccination, and this combination seems safe and immunologically beneficial. Conclusions: Most patients with various levels of HER2/neu expression responded immunologically and seemed to benefit from vaccination. The low expressors, specifically IHC 1+ patients, had more robust immunologic responses and may derive the greatest clinical benefit from the E75 vaccine.