Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Critical Experiences in Moral Development: Implications for Justice and Care Orientations

In both a preliminary study and a main study, undergraduate subjects were asked to write an essay describing the one experience they considered as having been the most important in their moral development. In addition, they were asked to (a) rate the extent to which various moral lessons had been learned as a result of the experience and (b) complete the Bern Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bern, 1974). Independent Justice and Care dimensions emerged from factor analyses of subjects' ratings of lessons learned in both the preliminary and main studies. No relation was found between subjects' scores on the two lessons learned factors and their sex-role classification as determined by scores on the BSRI. However, in the main study, women rated themselves as having learned more of a moral lesson reflecting a care orientation from their most important moral experience than did men. Some sex differences were also observed in subjects' tendencies to cite particular experiences as having been most important in their mo.
Attitudes toward Mainstreaming Scale: Factorial Validity for a Lay Population

The factorial validity of the Attitudes Toward Mainstreaming Scale was supported for a general adult population. A principal components factoring procedure identified four factors: Classroom Functioning, Learning Capability I, Learning Capability II, and General Mainstreaming. Coefficients of internal consistency ranged from . 82 to . 90. Intercorrelations between factors ranged from . 41 to . 62. Results were compared to the factor structures previously identified for preservice and inservice teachers.
Safety and Sanctuary

Ethnographic research on Pentecostal youth in a Honduran colonia reveals the ways in which they maneuver through the violence in their community. They maintain an uneasy relationship with gang members in which they claim exemption from everyday violence because of their belief in being saved. Drawing on Pentecostalism's doctrine of separation from community life, they exclude themselves from violent retribution by appealing to their rights to the sanctuary of the church. A call to the sanctuary of Pentecostalism also allows many gang members to escape the violence of street life. Pentecostal conversion is thus one way for young men to present a reformed persona that the larger community affirms.
Monomeric Expression of Bovine β2-Integrin Subunits Reveals Their Role in Mannheimia haemolytica Leukotoxin-Induced Biological Effects

ABSTRACT The ruminant-specific leukotoxin (Lkt) of Mannheimia haemolytica is the key virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of lung injury in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Previous studies by us and others indicate that M. haemolytica Lkt binds to CD18, the β subunit of bovine β2-integrins on leukocytes, and that the species specificity of Lkt-induced effects is resident in the β subunit CD18 and not in the α subunit CD11. However, Lkt also binds to the CD11a subunit of LFA-1. Furthermore, antibodies specific for CD18 or CD11a inhibit signaling events leading to elevation of intracellular [Ca2+], tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytosolic domain of CD18, and cytolysis of bovine leukocytes. These observations underscore the need for further investigation to identify the precise subunit of bovine LFA-1 utilized by M. haemolytica Lkt as the functional receptor. For this purpose, monomeric bovine CD18 and CD11a and heterodimeric LFA-1 were expressed in the HEK-293 cell line by transfection, and the resulting transfectants were tested for susceptibility to Lkt-induced effects. All three transfectants effectively bound Lkt. However, Lkt-induced cytolysis was observed only with transfectants expressing monomeric bovine CD18 or LFA-1. Furthermore, intracellular [Ca2+] elevation following exposure to Lkt, which is a marker for postbinding signaling leading to cellular activation, was seen only with transfectants expressing monomeric bovine CD18 or LFA-1. These results clearly indicate that the bovine CD18 subunit of β2-integrins is the functional receptor for M. haemolytica Lkt.
Accelerated polyhedral visual hulls using OpenCL

We present a method for reconstruction of the visual hull (VH) of an object in real-time from multiple video streams. A state of the art polyhedral reconstruction algorithm is accelerated by implementing it for parallel execution on a multi-core graphics processor (GPU). The time taken to reconstruct the VH is measured for both the accelerated and non-accelerated implementations of the algorithm, over a range of image resolutions and number of cameras. The results presented are of relevance to researchers in the field of 3D reconstruction at interactive frame rates (real-time), for applications such as telepresence.
Maiorana&#8211;McFarland Class: Degree Optimization and Algebraic Properties

In this paper, we consider a subclass of the Maiorana-McFarland class used in the design of resilient nonlinear Boolean functions. We show that these functions allow a simple modification so that resilient Boolean functions of maximum algebraic degree may be generated instead of suboptimized degree in the original class. Preserving a high-nonlinearity value immanent to the original construction method, together with the degree optimization gives in many cases functions with cryptographic properties superior to all previously known construction methods. This approach is then used to increase the algebraic degree of functions in the extended Maiorana-McFarland (MM) class (nonlinear resilient functions F:GF(2)n |rarrGF(2)m derived from linear codes). We also show that in the Boolean case, the same subclass seems not to have an optimized algebraic immunity, hence not providing a maximum resistance against algebraic attacks. A theoretical analysis of the algebraic properties of extended Maiorana-McFarland class indicates that this class of functions should be avoided as a filtering function in nonlinear combining generators
Influence of Reaction Temperature and Water Content on Wheat Straw Pyrolysis

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of reaction temperature and wheat straw moisture content on the pyrolysis product yields, in the temperature range of 475-575 °C. Samples of straw with moisture contents from 1.5 wt % to 15.0 wt % were fed to a bench scale Pyrolysis Centrifuge Reactor (PCR). The experimental results show that the changes in straw moisture content have no significant effect on the distribution of pyrolysis product yields. The maximum bio-oil yields approximately 60 (wt %, on dry ash free feedstock basis) was observed around 525 °C 550 °C for all straw moisture levels. The water content in the wet straw bio-oil was the highest. The heating value of bio-oil and solid char were measured and the percentages of its energy distribution were calculated. The energy distributions of bio-oil, char and gas were 5669 % 24-33 %, and 2-19 %, respectively. Keywords—Flash pyrolysis, moisture content, wheat straw, bio-
‘We took a bath with the chickens’: memories of childhood visits to the homeland by second‐generation Greek and Greek Cypriot ‘returnees’

Drawing on a wider study of 90 second-generation Greeks and Greek Cypriots who have relocated to their ancestral homeland, in this article we focus on the significance of childhood visits to the homeland. Freedom – how children were allowed to roam free and stay up late – is the key trope of such memories, in contrast with the strict spatio-temporal parenting they received in the host country. Different, sometimes less pleasant memories, however, emerge when the visits took place during later, teenage years. We explore the connections between childhood visits and adult relocation. Adult returnees find that settlement in the homeland produces a new set of challenges and reactions that differ markedly from childhood experiences and memories. They engage a second narrative trope, nostalgia, reflecting on the loss of the ‘authentic’ nature of the homeland and its customs and values. Instead, they highlight the materialism and xenophobia of Greek and Cypriot society nowadays. However, they see the ‘homeland’ as a safer place in which to raise their own children.
Stability Analysis of Discrete-Time Systems With Quantized Feedback and Measurements

This paper considers a quantized system with finite-level quantized input computed from quantized measurements (QIQM). The problem of globally asymptotic stability of QIQM system is transferred to the one of an equivalent system depending on a multiplier which is nonnegative and bounded. It is the focus of this paper to discuss the nonnegativity and boundness of the multiplier. A sufficient condition is given for the globally asymptotic stability of QIQM system. Note the main method used here is similar to the one used by Richter and Misawa, in which the uniform quantizer is employed. This paper is the extension of that work to the logarithmic quantization which is more advantage than the uniform one. A numerical simulation is presented at last to show the effectiveness of the main results and the advantage of logarithmic quantization compared to uniform quantization.
Innovative short-term wind generation prediction techniques

This paper provides an overview of research into short-term prediction techniques to assist with the operation of windpower generators. Windpower provides a new challenge to generator operators. Unlike conventional power generation sources, windpower generators supply intermittent power, have no intrinsic ability for power storage and cannot be easily ramped up to meet requirements. However, windpower is presently the fastest growing power generation sector in the world; so these problems must be solved. To be able to operate effectively, accurate short-term forecasts are essential. Knowing the future generation output from wind turbines is useful for generators, schedulers, transmission operators, network managers and energy traders. However, the difficulties of short-term wind prediction are well documented. To solve this problem, this research introduces a novel approach - the application of an adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to forecasting a wind time series. A persistence model is also created to provide a benchmark of the performance. To illustrate the techniques developed, a case study is presented based on the state of Tasmania, the major island, south of mainland Australia
Second order statistics of NLOS indoor MIMO channels based on 5.2 GHz measurements

Herein, results from measurements conducted by the University of Bristol are presented. The channel characteristics of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) indoor systems at 5.2 GHz are studied. Our investigation shows that the envelope of the channel for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indoor situations are approximately Rayleigh distributed and consequently we focus on a statistical description of the first and second order moments of the narrowband MIMO channel. Furthermore, it is shown that for NLOS indoor scenarios, the MIMO channel covariance matrix can be well approximated by a Kronecker product of the covariance matrices describing the correlation at the transmitter and receiver side respectively. A statistical narrowband model for the NLOS indoor MIMO channel based on this covariance structure is presented.
Teaching the Tax Code: Earnings Responses to an Experiment with EITC Recipients

We conducted a randomized experiment with 43,000 EITC recipients at H&R Block. Tax preparers gave simple, personalized information about the EITC schedule to half of their clients. We find no significant effects of information provision on earnings in the subsequent year in the full sample. Further exploration uncovers evidence of heterogeneous treatment effects on both self-employment income and wage earnings across the 1,461 tax preparers involved in the experiment. Providing information about tax incentives does not systematically effect earnings on average. However, tax preparers may influence their clients' earnings decisions by providing advice about how to respond to tax incentives. (JEL H23, H24, H26, J23, J31)
Language Maintenance and Language Shift Among Chinese Immigrant Parents and Their Second-Generation Children in the U.S.

This study examines the language experiences of two distinct Chinese immigrant groups in the U.S.: a Mandarin-speaking group and a Fujianese-speaking group across two generations. The different language trajectories of the parents' generation, along with their social class and different settlement patterns in the U.S., shaped the second-generation children's different perceptions towards their heritage language and English. Because of these underlying sociocultural forces and the different power relations between the heritage language and English in U.S. society, the maintenance of the heritage language is kept at a minimum level of communication for the Fujianese children, but is resisted by the Mandarin children.
Wrinkling Phenomena in Neo-Hookean Film/Substrate Bilayers

Wrinkling modes are determined for a two-layer system comprised of a neo-Hookean film bonded to an infinitely deep neo-Hookean substrate with the entire bilayer undergoing compression. The full range of the film/substrate modulus ratio is considered from the limit of a traction-free homogeneous substrate to very stiff films on compliant substrates. The role of substrate prestretch is considered wherein an unstretched film is bonded to a prestretched substrate with wrinkling arising as the stretch in the substrate is relaxed. An exact bifurcation analysis reveals the critical strain in the film at the onset of wrinkling. Numerical simulations carried out within a finite element framework uncover advanced post-bifurcation modes including period-doubling, folding and a newly identified mountain ridge mode.
Agnostic Online Learning

We study learnability of hypotheses classes in agnostic online prediction models. The analogous question in the PAC learning model [Valiant, 1984] was addressed by Haussler [1992] and others, who showed that the VC dimension characterization of the sample complexity of learnability extends to the agnostic (or ”unrealizable”) setting. In his influential work, Littlestone [1988] described a combinatorial characterization of hypothesis classes that are learnable in the online model. We extend Littlestone’s results in two aspects. First, while Littlestone only dealt with the realizable case, namely, assuming there exists a hypothesis in the class that perfectly explains the entire data, we derive results for the non-realizable (agnostic) case as well. In particular, we describe several models of non-realizable data and derive upper and lower bounds on the achievable regret. Second, we extend the theory to include margin-based hypothesis classes, in which the prediction of each hypothesis is accompanied by a confidence value. We demonstrate how the newly developed theory seamlessly yields novel online regret bounds for the important class of large margin linear separators.
Recreation Specialization and Site Choice Among Vehicle-Based Campers

Recreation specialization theory predicts that individuals will differ in their physical, management, and social setting preferences. Few studies, however, support the hypothesis that individuals choose recreation settings consistent with their level of specialization. This study examined the association between behavioral, cognitive, and affective dimensions of specialization and site choice among vehicle-based campers in Alberta, Canada. Data were collected using on-site interviews and a mail survey. Campers at unmanaged sites (no facilities and services) had higher centrality scores, had greater familiarity with the site and more experience with unmanaged sites, and a higher level of bush skill than campers at managed sites. An ordered multinomial logit model showed that the more familiar individuals were with the site and campground type, the higher the level of bush skill, and the more important and central camping was in an individual's life, the greater the probability of choosing a campground type that required a higher degree of self-reliance and decreased dependence on facilities and services. Higher household income increased the probability of camping at managed sites, suggesting that income might limit the expression of specialization by constraining choice to affordable options.
Effect of mineral sulphur availability on nitrogen and sulphur uptake and remobilization during the vegetative growth of Brassica napus L.

Because it has a high demand for sulphur (S), oilseed rape is particularly sensitive to S limitation. However, the physiological effects of S limitation remain unclear, especially during the rosette stage. For this reason a study was conducted to determine the effects of mineral S limitation on nitrogen (N) and S uptake and remobilization during vegetative growth of oilseed rape at both the whole-plant and leaf rank level for plants grown during 35 d with 300 μM 34SO42– (control plants; +S) or with 15 μM 34SO42– (S-limited plants; –S). The results highlight that S-limited plants showed no significant differences either in whole-plant and leaf biomas or in N uptake, when compared with control plants. However, total S and 34S (i.e. deriving from S uptake) contents were greatly reduced for the whole plant and leaf after 35 d, and a greater redistribution of endogenous S from leaves to the benefit of roots was observed. The relative expression of tonoplast and plasmalemma sulphate transporters was also strongly induced in the roots. In conclusion, although S-limited plants had 20 times less mineral S than control plants, their development remained surprisingly unchanged. During S limitation, oilseed rape is able to recycle endogenous S compounds (mostly sulphate) from leaves to roots. However, this physiological adaptation may be effective only over a short time scale (i.e. vegetative growth).
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Arabic version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale

The aim of this study was to examine the factorial structure of the Arabic version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS-Ar) using a confirmatory factor analysis. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study in which individuals with lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders were recruited. During the testing session, participants completed the LEFS-Ar in addition to general information form and anthropometric measurements. A hypothesized one-factor structure underlying the 20 items of the LEFS-Ar was examined using a confirmatory factor analysis. The fit of the observed data to the hypothesized factorial structure was examined using multiple fit statistics including &khgr;2, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), comparative-fit index (CFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). A total of 160 patients with lower extremity dysfunctions participated in this study. The fit statistics showed the following: &khgr;2 goodness fit statistic=654.390 (d.f.=170, P<0.001), TLI=0.754, CFI=0.78, and RMSEA=0.134 (90% CI=0.123–0.145). These fit statistics indicate that the data do fit the one-factor structure proposed in this study. Examination of standardized residuals and modification indices pointed to areas of misfit within the model. The findings of the current study do not support the hypothesized one-factor structure of the LEFS-Ar and suggest that modifications are needed to the LEFS-Ar to yield a unidimensional measure of lower extremity function (i.e. activity limitation due to lower extremity dysfunction).
Speech recognition, working memory and conversation in children with cochlear implants

Abstract This study examined the relationship between speech recognition, working memory and conversational skills in a group of 13 children/adolescents with cochlear implants (CIs) between 11 and 19 years of age. Conversational skills were assessed in a referential communication task where the participants interacted with a hearing peer of the same age and gender. The measures were the number of requests for clarification produced, time used to solve the task and the proportion of the different types of requests for clarification made by the participants with CIs. The results revealed that speech recognition correlated significantly with the general measures of conversational skills (time to solve the task and the total number of requests for clarification used). General working memory was associated with certain types of requests for clarification. The participants with better working memory capacity used more requests for confirmation of new information (i.e. made more suggestions of their own) and fewer requests for confirmation of already given information compared to the participants with poorer working memory. It thus seems as if both speech recognition and working memory contribute to conversational skills but in different ways. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Two Exercise Programs Using the Falls Efficacy Scale, Berg Balance Scale and Ankle Dorsiflexor Strength in Older Adults

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two exercise programs with three different measurements (Falls Efficacy Scale–FES, Berg Balance Scale–BBS, and bilateral ankle dorsiflexor strength–ADFS) and to determine if these measurements correlate to each other. Thirteen pairs of subjects residing in a senior living community were recruited and matched for age, gender, and assistive device. The matched subjects were randomly divided into one of two exercise groups–resistance group (RG) provided with the exercise combination of resistance strengthening, balance and gait or seated group (SG) provided with seated range of motion exercise. Eleven pairs completed the 12-week exercise program. The results revealed that subjects in the RG made more improvement in fear of falling, balance, and ankle dorsiflexor strength than those in the SG. The decrease of FES score (fear of falling) is moderately correlated with the increase of BBS (balance) and ADFS scores. The improved BBS is also moderately correlated with the increased ADFS.
Differential treatment of siblings: interview and diary analyses comparing two family contexts.

We assessed parental differential treatment of siblings (maternal time, affection, discipline) in normal and high-risk families. Differential treatment was measured using home interviews, nightly phone ratings, and daily diaries tracking how mothers spent their time. Subjects were 40 mothers of toddlers (average age 2 years) and preschoolers (average age 4 1/2 years): half were caring for a younger child with a chronic illness (i.e., cystic fibrosis), and half were caring for two healthy children. Little evidence of parental differential treatment was found in the home or phone interview data. However, on the diary variables, both quantitative and qualitative differences in parental treatment were found in cystic fibrosis (CF) versus comparison families. Specifically, mothers spent more individual time with younger, chronically ill children in play and mealtime activities than with their older, healthy siblings. Further, mothers in the CF group rated time spent with older children as significantly more negative than time spent with younger children. Convergence between measures of differential treatment and advantages of using a high-risk comparison approach are discussed.