Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peran Emosi Positif Memediasi Pengaruh Fashion Involvement Dan Hedonic Consumption Tendency Terhadap Impulse Buying

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruhn fashion involvement dan hedonic consumption tendency terhadap emosi positif, pengaruh fashion involvement, hedonic consumption tendency dan emosi positif terhadap impulse buying, dan peran emosi positif memediasi pengaruh fashion involvement dan hedonic consumption tendency terhadap impulse buying pada pelanggan produk fashion Discovery Shopping Mall Kuta. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan sampel adalah non-probability berbentuk purposive sampling dengan ukuran sampel sebanyak 105 orang responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner secara langsung pada pelanggan produk fashion Discovery Shopping Mall Kuta. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (path analysis) dan uji sobel. Terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara nfashion involvement dan hedonic consumption tendency terhadap emosi positif, hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara fashion involvement, hedonic consumption tendency dan emosi positif terhadap impulse buying. Emosi positif dapat berperan sebagai variabel mediasi yang signifikan antara pengaruh fashion involvement dan hedonic consumption tendency terhadap impulse buying.
Coordinate descent algorithms for lasso penalized regression

Imposition of a lasso penalty shrinks parameter estimates toward zero and performs continuous model selection. Lasso penalized regression is capable of handling linear regression problems where the number of predictors far exceeds the number of cases. This paper tests two exceptionally fast algorithms for estimating regression coefficients with a lasso penalty. The previously known l 2 algorithm is based on cyclic coordinate descent. Our new l 1 algorithm is based on greedy coordinate descent and Edgeworth's algorithm for ordinary l 1 regression. Each algorithm relies on a tuning constant that can be chosen by cross-validation. In some regression problems it is natural to group parameters and penalize parameters group by group rather than separately. If the group penalty is proportional to the Euclidean norm of the parameters of the group, then it is possible to majorize the norm and reduce parameter estimation to l 2 regression with a lasso penalty. Thus. the existing algorithm can be extended to novel settings. Each of the algorithms discussed is tested via either simulated or real data or both. The Appendix proves that a greedy form of the l 2 algorithm converges to the minimum value of the objective function.
Enhancing children’s literacy learning: from invented spelling to effective reading and writing

This longitudinal study aimed at testing the long-term impact of invented spelling activities conducted in kindergarten on children’s literacy skills throughout primary school until the end of Grade 3. The partici- pants were 100 Portuguese 5-year-olds that were randomly assigned into two equivalent groups and took part in 10 training sessions: invented spelling (experimental condition) or storybook reading (control con- dition). Writing and reading skills were tested in kindergarten, Grade 1 and Grade 3. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in kindergarten and benefited more from formal school teaching instruction. Lasting effects were found as the invented spelling condition presented statistically significant higher scores in reading and writing in primary education. These findings support empirical evidence for enhancing young children’s learning in favour of their later literacy performance.
Uncertainties, Trends, and Hottest and Coldest Years of U.S. Surface Air Temperature since 1895: An Update Based on the USHCN V2 TOB Data

ThispaperestimatesthesamplingerrorvariancesofgriddedmonthlyU.S. HistoricalClimatologyNetwork, version 2 (USHCN V2), time-of-observation-biases (TOB)-adjusted data. The analysis of mean surface air temperature (SAT) assesses uncertainties, trends, and the rankings of the hottest and coldest years for the contiguous United States in the period of 1895‐2008. Data from the USHCN stations are aggregated onto a2.5 83 3.58latitude‐longitudegridbyanarithmeticmeanofthestationsinsideagridbox.Thesamplingerror variances of the gridded monthly data are estimated for every month and every grid box with data. The gridded data and their sampling error variances are used to calculate the contiguous U.S. averages and their trends and associated uncertainties. The sampling error variances are smaller (mostly less than 0.28C 2 ) over the eastern United States, where the station density is greater and larger (with values of 1.38C 2 for some grid boxes in the earlier period) over mountain and coastal areas. In the period of 1895‐2008, every month from January to December has a positive linear trend. February has the largest trend of 0.1628C (10 yr) 21 , and September has the smallest trend at 0.0208C (10 yr) 21 . The three hottest (coldest) years measured by the
Hierarchical Data Structure for Real-Time Background Subtraction

This paper seeks to increase the efficiency of background subtraction algorithms for motion detection. Our method uses a quadtree-base hierarchical framework that samples a small portion of the pixels in each image and yet produces motion detection results that are very similar compared to the conventional methods that raster scan entire images. The hierarchical data structure presented in this paper can be used with any background subtraction algorithm that employs background modeling and motion detection on a per-pixel basis. We have tested our method using two common background subtraction algorithms: running average and mixture of Gaussian. Our experimental results show that the application of the hierarchical data structure significantly increases the processing speed for accurate motion detection. For example, the mixture of Gaussian method with our hierarchical data structure is able to process 1600 by 1200 images at 11~12 frames per second compared to 2~3 frames per second without using the hierarchical data structure.
Bidder preferences among auction institutions

This study examines bidder preferences between alternative auction institutions. We seek to characterize experimentally the degree to which bidders prefer an ascending auction to a sealed bid auction. We find very strong ceteris paribus preferences for the ascending institution with bidders choosing it overwhelmingly often when entry prices for the two auctions are the same. When the entry prices of the two auctions differ, many subjects can be shown to be willing to pay more to enter the ascending auction than is explainable by their risk attitudes when accounting for their expectations about the risk preferences of their opponents. (JEL C91, D44) Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Origins of Knowledge: Insights from Precocial Species

Behavioral responses are influenced by knowledge acquired during the lifetime of an individual and by predispositions transmitted across generations. Establishing the origin of knowledge and the role of the unlearned component is a challenging task, given that both learned and unlearned knowledge can orient perception, learning, and the encoding of environmental features since the first stages of life. Ethical and practical issues constrain the investigation of unlearned knowledge in altricial species, including human beings. On the contrary, precocial animals can be tested on a wide range of tasks and capabilities immediately after birth and in controlled rearing conditions. Insects and precocial avian species are very convenient models to dissect the knowledge systems that enable young individuals to cope with their environment in the absence of specific previous experience. We present the state of the art of research on the origins of knowledge that comes from different models and disciplines. Insects have been mainly used to investigate unlearned sensory preferences and prepared learning mechanisms. The relative simplicity of the neural system and fast life cycle of insects make them ideal models to investigate the neural circuitry and evolutionary dynamics of unlearned traits. Among avian species, chicks of the domestic fowl have been the focus of many studies, and showed to possess unlearned knowledge in the sensory, physical, spatial, numerical and social domains. Solid evidence shows the existence of unlearned knowledge in different domains in several species, from sensory and social preferences to the left-right representation of the mental number line. We show how non-mammalian models of cognition, and in particular precocial species, can shed light into the adaptive value and evolutionary history of unlearned knowledge.
Hybrid optical amplifiers: Design and investigation

This paper proposes two scheme of hybrid fiber amplifiers with each using a single-wavelength pump laser diode at around 1495 nm. The hybrid amplifier is applied in a 100 km range for both unidirectional and bidirectional transmissions. A single-wavelength pump source is used to pump both the C band Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and L band Raman fiber amplifier (RFA). Using the concept of pump reused and pump sharing, the average gain and noise figure are 20 dB and 6.5 dB, respectively, with input power of -20 dBm.
Detection and Assay of Mitochondrial Aspartate Aminotransferase in Serum

Aspartate aminotransfcrase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2. 6.1.1) comprises two isoen&ymcs. One is anionic, is associated with the soluble fraction of the cell and ordinarily forms the bulk of the scrum activity. The other is cationic, and is associated with the mitochondria (1—7). Each may in turn be subdivisible (8—10), but it is unlikely that this will influence the present results. In suitable conditions of electrophoresis, the cationic isoenfcyme is bound to a2-macroglobulin, and migrates as a compact and sharply defined sone to a distinctive position, "zone " (7). For present purposes, this phenomenon is useful in that the activity is concentrated into a small area, making detection more sensitive. The physical basis and the specificity of this procedure have been established by extensive experiments (7,12,13) but it was not suspected that cationic aspartatc aminotransferase might be present in normal scrum. Tn developing a serum assay, sensitivity was further increased by altering the substrate concentrations towards the optima for cationic isoen^ymc (11), and by reducing the amount of NADH used. As a result zone II was now detected in normal serum specimens. This paper describes the assay procedure and also the experiments undertaken to confirm the nature of the observed activity,
ASSEMBLY AND AGGREGATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS IN TOMATO LEAFLETS

Cells of tomato leaflets (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) were studied by phase and electron microscopy at various intervals after inoculation with a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Forty-eight hours after inoculation, prior to the development of assayable virus, individual TMV particles, and also particle aggregates, were observed in the ground cytoplasm of mesophyll cells. The most rapid synthesis of virus occurred between 80 and 300 hours after inoculation. Cytological changes during this time were characterized by an increased number of individual particles in the cytoplasm, growth of some aggregates, distortion and vacuolation of chloroplasts, and formation of filaments in the cytoplasm which were approximately four times the size of TMV. These filaments were interpreted as possible developmental forms of the TMV particle. Vacuoles in chloroplasts commonly contained virus particles. Evidence indicated that TMV was assembled in the ground cytoplasm and, in some cases, subsequently was enveloped by distorted chloroplasts.
Differential Regulation of Angiotensin Peptide Levels in Plasma and Kidney of the Rat

We compared the effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on components of the renin-angiotensin system in plasma and kidney of male Sprague-Dawley rats administered perindopril in their drinking water at two doses (1.4 and 4.2 mg/kg) over 7 days. Eight angiotensin peptides were measured in plasma and kidney: angiotensin-(l–7), angiotensin II, angiotensin-(l–9), angiotensin I, angiotensin-(2–7), angiotensin III, angiotensin-(2–9), and angiotensin-(2–10). In addition, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, renin, and angiotensinogen were measured in plasma, and renin, angiotensinogen, and their respective messenger RNAs were measured in kidney; angiotensinogen messenger RNA was also measured in liver. In plasma, the highest dose of perindopril reduced angiotensin converting enzyme activity to 11% of control, increased renin 200-fold, reduced angiotensinogen to 11% of control, increased angiotensin-(l–7), angiotensin I, angiotensin-(2–7), and angiotensin-(2-10) levels 25-, 9-, 10-, and 13-fold, respectively; angiotensin II levels were not significantly different from control. By contrast, for the kidney, angiotensin-(l–7), angiotensin I, angiotensin-(2–7), and angiotensin- (2–10) levels did not increase; angiotensin II levels fell to 14% of control, and angiotensinogen fell to 12% of control. Kidney renin messenger RNA levels increased 12-fold, but renal renin content and angiotensinogen messenger RNA levels in kidney and liver were not influenced by perindopril treatment. These results demonstrate a differential regulation of angiotensin peptides in plasma and kidney and provide direct support for the proposal that the cardiovascular effects of converting enzyme inhibitors depend on modulation of tissue angiotensin systems. Moreover, the failure of kidney angiotensin I levels to increase with perindopril treatment, taken together with the fall in kidney angiotensinogen levels, suggests that angiotensinogen may be a major rate-limiting determinant of angiotensin peptide levels in the kidney.
The Critical Period Hypothesis Revisited

Nowadays there seems to be a wide acceptance that there is a CP for first language (FL) acquisition, with compelling evidence that, unless they are exposed to language in the early years of life, humans lose the ability to learn a language, especially its grammatical system. The situation with (adult) SL acquisition however appears to be far less clear. While it is true that very few adult SL learners achieve native competence in the SL, some competence is nevertheless acquired, which seems to go against the notion of a biological constraint on language learning. It is true that prepubescent learners as a rule achieve higher levels of proficiency in the SL than adult learners and that generally only very young starters can hope to achieve native competence in the SL. Critics of the CP hypothesis however point out that the attested age-related decline in adult SL learning ability is too gradual to be seen as the result of a critical period. They also point to the nature of errors which adult SL learners have been found to make: more often than not these errors affect SL structures which are different from the learners' FL. If a biological constraint was at play‐critics have argued‐then SL learners should make errors across the board, not only where the learners' FL and SL differ. The issue of CP is closely related to the issue of access to Universal Grammar (UG) in SL learning: a CP hypothesis would entail that after a certain age (e.g. early teens) UG is no longer available. Following the Fundamental Difference (FD) hypothesis proposed in Bley-Vroman (1989), the paper assumes that, in contrast to first language acquisition, SL learning uses the FL (rather than UG) as a knowledge base and involves general (rather than domain-specific) cognitive procedures. The paper argues that such an approach provides a neat account for some of the issues claimed to be problematic for the CP hypothesis.
Tri-trophic effects of plant defenses: chickadees consume caterpillars based on host leaf chemistry.

Few studies have addressed how plant chemical defenses that directly affect herbivores in turn affect consumption patterns of vertebrates at higher trophic levels. We studied how variable foliar chemistry of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) affects the diet preferences of an avian insectivore feeding on an introduced herbivore, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) were offered paired choices of gypsy moth caterpillars feeding on one of three genotypes of aspen that differed in chemical composition. Chickadees chose to eat caterpillars fed aspen foliage with low levels of both condensed tannins and phenolic glycosides, or caterpillars fed foliage with high levels of tannins and low levels of phenolic glycosides, over caterpillars fed foliage with low levels of condensed tannins and high levels of phenolic glycosides. In addition, diet choices of the birds were affected by their previous experience. These findings are consistent with the “extended phenotype” concept, in that genetically-based chemical traits in an ecologically dominant plant influence the feeding behavior of third trophic level organisms, whose efficacy as regulators of herbivore populations may in turn be modified.
Galaxy number counts—IV. Surveying the Herschel Deep Field in the near-infrared

We present results from two new near-infrared imaging surveys. One survey covers 47.2 arcmin2 to K(3σ)=20 mag whilst a second, deeper catalogue covers a subarea of 1.8 arcmin2 to K(3σ)=22.75 mag. Over the entire area we have extremely deep optical photometry in four bandpasses (UBRI), allowing us to track the colour evolution of galaxies to very faint magnitude limits. Our K-band number counts are consistent with the predictions of non-evolving models with 0q00.5. The K-selected (B−K) galaxy colour distributions from our surveys move sharply bluewards fainter than K∼20. At brighter magnitudes (K 4 and 19 4 galaxies at K∼20 are lower than the predictions of passively evolving models or PLE models with a low level of continuing star formation, suggesting that at least part of the larger deficiency observed in (B−K) at K∼20 may be caused by star formation rather than dynamical merging. As we and others have noted, the number redshift distribution at 18 1. Dynamical merging is one possible solution to reduce the numbers of these galaxies but (as we have suggested previously) a dwarf-dominated initial mass function for early-type galaxies could offer an alternative explanation; we show here that such a model reproduces well the optical–infrared colour distributions and K-band galaxy counts.
Enumeration of Costas Arrays Using GPUs and FPGAs

The enumeration of Costas arrays is a problem that grows factorially with input size and that has lately been completed for sizes up to 28 using computer clusters. This paper presents designs for solving this problem using, separately, GPUs and FPGAs. Both implementations rely on Costas array symmetries to reduce the search space and perform concurrent explorations over the remaining candidate solutions. The fine grained parallelism utilized to evaluate and progress the exploration, coupled with the additional concurrency provided by the multiple instanced cores allowed the FPGA (XC5VLX330-2) implementation to achieve speedups of up to 40 times over the GPU (GeForce GTX 480). Estimates for bigger sizes, up to N=28 indicate a speedup of 4.44 times over the fastest reported software implementation.
Comparative analysis of perinatal outcome of spontaneous pregnancy reduction and multifetal pregnancy reduction in triplet pregnancies conceived after assisted reproductive technique

INTRODUCTION: With the advent of assisted reproductive treatment options, the incidence of multiple pregnancies has increased. Although the need for elective single embryo transfer is emphasized time and again, its uniform applicability in practice is yet a distant goal. In view of the fact that triplet and higher order pregnancies are associated with significant fetomaternal complications, the fetal reduction is a commonly used option in such cases. This retrospective study aims to compare the perinatal outcome in patients with triplet gestation who have undergone spontaneous fetal reduction (SFR) as against those in whom multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) was done. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, eighty patients with triplet gestation at 6 weeks were considered. The patients underwent SFR or MFPR at or before 12-13 weeks and were divided into two groups (34 and 46), respectively. RESULTS: Our study found no statistical difference in perinatal outcome between the SFR and MFPR groups in terms of average gestational age at delivery, abortion rate, preterm delivery rate, and birth weight. The study shows that the risk of aborting all fetuses after SFR is three times (odds ratio [OR] = 3.600, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2794-46.388) that of MFPR in subsequent 2 weeks. There were more chances of loss of extra fetus in SFR (23.5%) group than MFPR group (8.7%) (OR = 3.889, 95% CI = 1.030-14.680). As neither group offers any significant benefit from preterm delivery, multiple pregnancies continue to be responsible for preterm delivery despite fetal reduction. CONCLUSION: There appears to be some advantages of MFPR in perinatal outcome when compared to SFR, especially if the latter happens at advanced gestation. Therefore, although it is advisable to wait for SFR to occur, in patients with triplet gestation at 11-12 weeks, MFPR is a viable option to be considered.
Identification of Putative Ortholog Gene Blocks Involved in Gestant and Lactating Mammary Gland Development: A Rodent Cross-Species Microarray Transcriptomics Approach

The mammary gland (MG) undergoes functional and metabolic changes during the transition from pregnancy to lactation, possibly by regulation of conserved genes. The objective was to elucidate orthologous genes, chromosome clusters and putative conserved transcriptional modules during MG development. We analyzed expression of 22,000 transcripts using murine microarrays and RNA samples of MG from virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats by cross-species hybridization. We identified 521 transcripts differentially expressed; upregulated in early (78%) and midpregnancy (89%) and early lactation (64%), but downregulated in mid-lactation (61%). Putative orthologous genes were identified. We mapped the altered genes to orthologous chromosomal locations in human and mouse. Eighteen sets of conserved genes associated with key cellular functions were revealed and conserved transcription factor binding site search entailed possible coregulation among all eight block sets of genes. This study demonstrates that the use of heterologous array hybridization for screening of orthologous gene expression from rat revealed sets of conserved genes arranged in chromosomal order implicated in signaling pathways and functional ontology. Results demonstrate the utilization power of comparative genomics and prove the feasibility of using rodent microarrays to identification of putative coexpressed orthologous genes involved in the control of human mammary gland development.