Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are All Distributed Teams the Same? Differentiating Between Temporary and Ongoing Distributed Teams

Distributed teams, sometimes called virtual teams, are becoming increasingly prevalent as businesses bring geographically dispersed members together to achieve a common goal. A framework for understanding geographically distributed teams based on their time span is yet to be developed. The authors believe that theory building in this area has centered on temporary teams and propose that many distributed teams have ongoing and recurring tasks. Using attention focus and the shadow of the future models, this article presents a framework for understanding the differences between temporary and ongoing distributed teams' structure, processes, and outcomes, suggesting that ongoing distributed teams must tackle more process and structural issues than temporary teams and that findings of virtual teams research thus far may not always apply here. The model also implies that ongoing distributed teams are more difficult to manage and experience greater variance in well-being outcome levels, whereas in temporary teams, members are more focused on task-related (production) outcomes.
RAD001 enhances the radiosensitivity of SCC4 oral cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint.

BACKGROUND Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase enhances the radiosensitivity of some cancer cells. We investigated the effect of RAD001, an mTOR inhibitor, on irradiated oral cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the radiosensitivity of SCC4 and SCC25 cells after treatment with RAD001. Target protein phosphorylation, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression were assessed in SCC4 cells treated with RAD001 with and without ionizing radiation. RESULTS RAD001 increased the radiosensitivity of SCC4 cells without affecting cell death; it also inhibited phosphorylation of mTOR, S6, and factor 4E binding protein 1 and reduced the clonogenic survival of irradiated cancer cells. RAD001 combined with radiation increased G2 arrest by activating CHK1, which phosphorylates CDC25C at Ser216, thereby inhibiting CDC2-cyclin B 1 complex formation. CONCLUSION RAD001 enhances the radiosensitivity of SCC4 cells by inhibiting mTOR signaling and inducing G2 cell-cycle arrest through disruption of the G2 checkpoint.
Detailed comparison of amyloid PET and CSF biomarkers for identifying early Alzheimer disease

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of CSF biomarkers and amyloid PET for diagnosing early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: From the prospective, longitudinal BioFINDER study, we included 122 healthy elderly and 34 patients with mild cognitive impairment who developed AD dementia within 3 years (MCI-AD). β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition in 9 brain regions was examined with [18F]-flutemetamol PET. CSF was analyzed with INNOTEST and EUROIMMUN ELISAs. The results were replicated in 146 controls and 64 patients with MCI-AD from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Results: The best CSF measures for identifying MCI-AD were Aβ42/total tau (t-tau) and Aβ42/hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) (area under the curve [AUC] 0.93–0.94). The best PET measures performed similarly (AUC 0.92–0.93; anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate/precuneus, and global neocortical uptake). CSF Aβ42/t-tau and Aβ42/p-tau performed better than CSF Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 (AUC difference 0.03–0.12, p < 0.05). Using nonoptimized cutoffs, CSF Aβ42/t-tau had the highest accuracy of all CSF/PET biomarkers (sensitivity 97%, specificity 83%). The combination of CSF and PET was not better than using either biomarker separately. Conclusions: Amyloid PET and CSF biomarkers can identify early AD with high accuracy. There were no differences between the best CSF and PET measures and no improvement when combining them. Regional PET measures were not better than assessing the global Aβ deposition. The results were replicated in an independent cohort using another CSF assay and PET tracer. The choice between CSF and amyloid PET biomarkers for identifying early AD can be based on availability, costs, and doctor/patient preferences since both have equally high diagnostic accuracy. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that amyloid PET and CSF biomarkers identify early-stage AD equally accurately.
Differentially private aggregation of distributed time-series with transformation and encryption

We propose the first differentially private aggregation algorithm for distributed time-series data that offers good practical utility without any trusted server. This addresses two important challenges in participatory data-mining applications where (i) individual users collect temporally correlated time-series data (such as location traces, web history, personal health data), and (ii) an untrusted third-party aggregator wishes to run aggregate queries on the data. To ensure differential privacy for time-series data despite the presence of temporal correlation, we propose the Fourier Perturbation Algorithm (FPAk). Standard differential privacy techniques perform poorly for time-series data. To answer n queries, such techniques can result in a noise of Θ(n) to each query answer, making the answers practically useless if n is large. Our FPAk algorithm perturbs the Discrete Fourier Transform of the query answers. For answering n queries, FPAk improves the expected error from Θ(n) to roughly Θ(k) where k is the number of Fourier coefficients that can (approximately) reconstruct all the n query answers. Our experiments show that k << n for many real-life data-sets resulting in a huge error-improvement for FPAk. To deal with the absence of a trusted central server, we propose the Distributed Laplace Perturbation Algorithm (DLPA) to add noise in a distributed way in order to guarantee differential privacy. To the best of our knowledge, DLPA is the first distributed differentially private algorithm that can scale with a large number of users: DLPA outperforms the only other distributed solution for differential privacy proposed so far, by reducing the computational load per user from O(U) to O(1) where U is the number of users.
A Multilevel Approach to Relating Subjective Workload to Performance After Shifts in Task Demand

Objective: The aim of this laboratory experiment was to demonstrate how taking a longitudinal, multilevel approach can be used to examine the dynamic relationship between subjective workload and performance over a given period of activity involving shifts in task demand. Background: Subjective workload and conditions of the performance environment are oftentimes examined via cross-sectional designs without distinguishing within- from between-person effects. Given the dynamic nature of performance phenomena, multilevel designs coupled with manipulations of task demand shifts are needed to better model the dynamic relationships between state and trait components of subjective workload and performance. Method: With a sample of 75 college students and a computer game representing a complex decision-making environment, increases and decreases in task demand were counterbalanced and subjective workload and performance were measured concurrently in regular intervals within performance episodes. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Results: Both between- and especially within-person effects were dynamic. Nevertheless, at both levels of analysis, higher subjective workload reflected performance problems, especially more downstream from increases in task demand. Conclusion: As a function of cognitive-energetic processes, shifts in task demand are associated with changes in how subjective workload is related to performance over a given period of activity. Multilevel, longitudinal approaches are useful for distinguishing and examining the dynamic relationships between state and trait components of subjective workload and performance. Application: The findings of this research help to improve the understanding of how a sequence of demands can exceed a performer’s capability to respond to further demands.
Supervised Learning of Semantics-Preserving Hashing via Deep Neural Networks for Large-Scale Image Search

This paper presents a supervised deep hashing approach that constructs binary hash codes from labeled data for large-scale image search. We assume that semantic labels are governed by a set of latent attributes in which each attribute can be on or off, and classification relies on these attributes. Based on this assumption, our approach, dubbed supervised semantics-preserving deep hashing (SSDH), constructs hash functions as a latent layer in a deep network in which binary codes are learned by the optimization of an objective function defined over classification error and other desirable properties of hash codes. With this design, SSDH has a nice property that classification and retrieval are unified in a single learning model, and the learned binary codes not only preserve the semantic similarity between images but also are efficient for image search. Moreover, SSDH performs joint learning of image representations, hash codes, and classification in a pointwised manner and thus is naturally scalable to large-scale datasets. SSDH is simple and can be easily realized by a slight modification of an existing deep architecture for classification; yet it is effective and outperforms other unsupervised and supervised hashing approaches on several benchmarks and one large dataset comprising more than 1 million images.
Development and Validation of the Psychological Maturity Assessment Scale (PSYMAS)

This research developed a new test in Spanish to assess psychological maturity in adolescents, called PSYMAS and consisting of the subscales work orientation, identity, and autonomy. PSYMAS was administered to 669 students between 15 and 18 years. The results showed that the factorial structure of the test is acceptable, and that, in addition to subscale scores, total scores can be calculated to measure the overall psychological maturity of the subject. The convergent and discriminant validity of the test was also assessed based on a comparison with the Big Five personality factors. The results indicated that the test does in fact allow prediction of results in relation to personality traits.
Facing guilt: Role of negative affectivity, need for reparation, and fear of punishment in leading to prosocial behaviour and aggression

The present study aims to further corroborate and to extend the scope of previous findings regarding the path of influence between negative affectivity, need for reparation and fear of punishment when examining the determinants and the motivational components of guilt. Data were collected from three different European countries (i.e. Italy, Hungary, and the Czech Republic). About 1100 young adolescents were involved in the research. The generalizability of a nomological network linking individual differences in Negative Affectivity to Need for Reparation, Fear of Punishment, Prosocial Behaviour, and Aggression has been investigated across countries and gender, by means of structural equation modelling. Need for Reparation turns out to be positively related to Prosocial Behaviour and negatively related to Aggression. Fear for Punishment turns out to be positively related to Aggression and negatively related to Prosocial Behaviour, with the exception of Hungary. Alternative paths of influence among considered variables have been examined. Practical implications for prevention and education are underlined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MdCOP1 Ubiquitin E3 Ligases Interact with MdMYB1 to Regulate Light-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Red Fruit Coloration in Apple1[W][OA]

MdMYB1 is a crucial regulator of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration in apple (Malus domestica). In this study, it was found that MdMYB1 protein accumulated in the light but degraded via a ubiquitin-dependent pathway in the dark. Subsequently, the MdCOP1-1 and MdCOP1-2 genes were isolated from apple fruit peel and were functionally characterized in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cop1-4 mutant. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that MdMYB1 interacts with the MdCOP1 proteins. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that MdCOP1s are necessary for the ubiquitination and degradation of MdMYB1 protein in the dark and are therefore involved in the light-controlled stability of the MdMYB1 protein. Finally, a viral vector-based transformation approach demonstrated that MdCOP1s negatively regulate the peel coloration of apple fruits by modulating the degradation of the MdMYB1 protein. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which light controls anthocyanin accumulation and red fruit coloration in apple and even other plant species.
Relationships between Stages and Processes of Change for Effective Stress Management in Japanese College Students

With a primary prevention focus, it would be important to help populations engage in stress management. The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change is one of potentially useful models to formulate interventions. The model describes behavior change as progression through five stages: precontemplation (not ready), contemplation (getting ready), preparation (ready), action, and maintenance. Processes of change (strategies and techniques to enhance the progression) facilitate stage transition. Their use is hypothesized to depend on stage of change. The processes tend to be used the least at the precontemplation stage. Use of experiential processes (affective and/or cognitive strategies such as seeking information) increase over time and tend to peak at the contemplation or preparation stage and then decease. In contrast, behavioral processes (behavioral strategies such as seeking social support) tend to be used most at the action and/or maintenance stage. This study examined relationships between stages and processes of change for effective stress management. Effective stress management is defined as any form of healthy activity such as exercising, meditating, relaxing, and seeking social support, which is practiced for at least 20 minutes. Four hundred and five Japanese college students participated in this study. A paper-pencil survey was conducted at colleges in Japan. The process use was least in precontemplation. Experiential processes peaked in preparation. Except for one experiential process, no significant difference was found between preparation and maintenance. Behavioral processes peaked in preparation, action, or maintenance. Most of these inter-stage differences of processes are in line with the prediction from the model. This study represented an initial but important test of validity of applying processes of change to stress management. The results partially supported its application.
Wireless Indoor Tracking System (WITS)

A wireless indoor tracking system is described in this paper, which can be used to track and locate both moving and static WLAN-enabled devices inside a building. The system is purely software based, which means an advantage for the existing WLAN. No additional hardware and costs are required. Using complex mathematic algorithms, the system determines the locations of the mobile devices according to the received signal strength from visible access points. Taking into account the historical signal strength, the interior structure of the building and available Bluetooth access points, the positioning and tracking accuracy achieved is very optimistic. Experimental results are reported at the end of the paper.
The Validity of the Randomized Response Technique

IN the considerable literature that has appeared on the randomized response technique (RRT), only one study (Lamb and Stem, 1978) has addressed its validity. However, this study utilized a convenience sample of rather small size, thereby limiting generalizability of results. Originally proposed by Warner (1965), RRT is a method designed to obtain reliable information when dealing with sensitive issues on surveys. In instances where the technique was used, it has been assumed that "reliable information" meant valid information. In the technical sense, this, of course, is not necessarily so. Therefore, it is the purpose of this research to investigate the validity of the technique, using a nationwide probability sample of adults. The split-sample version of the RRT developed by Moors (1971) was used in the present study. Parameters for maximizing the effectiveness of this technique in a field situation were established by Zdep and Rhodes (1976). Determining the validity of a method such as RRT is not easy, precisely because RRT offers an alternative to direct questioning in situations where direct questioning is likely to result in obtaining socially desirable responses rather than truthful responses. Validation, then, requires that RRT results be compared with some other estimate of the sensitive characteristic in the population. To be sure, if this estimate were available, there would be no need for using RRT, which is costly and inefficient to administer.
Old News: Representation and Academic Novelty

The new outstrips the old—but only sometimes. This short paper identifies four forms of ‘novelty’ in Anglophone human geography. In taking the case of a nascent ‘nonrepresentational geography’ some concerns are raised about the seeming ennui with representation as a research issue and as a practical and political resource. Far from insisting that ‘old’ intellectual fashions are better than new ones, we simply caution against travelling forward minus some important baggage. By way of seven theses, we finesse critical geography's engagement with representation and argue that any nonrepresentational ‘alternative’ should not be seen as jettisoning the substantial power of representational acts.
The structure of spiral galaxies: radial profiles in stellar Mass-to-Light ratio and the Dark Matter distribution

Context. The colour and metallicity gradients observed in spiral galaxies suggest that the mass-to-light ratio (M� /L) of the stellar disc is a function of radius. This is indeed predicted by chemo-photometric models of galactic discs. Aims. We investigate the distribution of luminous and dark matter in spiral galaxies, taking into account the radial dependence of the stellar M� /L, which is usually assumed to be constant in studies of the mass structure. Methods. From earlier chemo-photometric models and in agreement with the observed radial profiles of galaxy colours, we derive the typical average M� /L profile of the stellar discs of spiral galaxies. We computed the corresponding variable mass-to-light (VML) stellar surface density profile and then the VML disc contribution to the circular velocity. We used the latter, combined with a wellstudied dark matter velocity profile, to mass model co-added rotation curves. Results. By investigating rotation curves in the framework of VML stellar discs, we confirm the scenario obtained with the constant M� /L assumption: a dark matter halo with a shallow core, an inner baryon-dominated region, and a larger proportion of dark matter in smaller objects. However, the resulting size of the the dark halo core and of the inner baryon dominance region are somewhat smaller. The stronger role that VML discs have in the innermost regions is important for constraining the galaxy mass structure in both Λ Cold Dark Matter and MOND scenarios.
DETERMINANTS OF COMPLIANCE TO IRON-FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN PASTORAL COMMUNITIES OF AFAR REGION : THE CASES OF MILLE AND ASSAITA DISTRICTS , AFAR , ETIOPIA-2015

Iron deficiency is the leading single nutrient deficiency in the world affecting the lives of more than 2 billion particularly in developing countries. Pregnant women are at high risk of iron deficiency due to increased nutrient requirement. WHO recommends supplementation to pregnant women with folic acid for 6 months to reduce the risk of iron deficiency anemia. This study intended to determine the compliance level and identify factors associated with iron folic acid supplementation among pregnant women. A facility based cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women with 450 samples. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. The level of compliance to iron folic acid supplementation was 22.9%. The independent predictors for this were residence, early registration for antenatal care, nutrition counseling and family support. Compliance level to iron-folic acid supplementation is very low as compared to the standards. Nutrition education should focus on the importance of compliance to iron folic acid for the pregnant women.
Theorizing Community Development

This paper attempts a parsimonious definition of community development. It proposes that the purpose of community development is the pursuit of solidarity and agency by adhering to the principles of self-help, felt needs and participation. The erosion of solidarity and agency has been a historic process, connected particularly to the rise of industrial capitalism, the nation-state, and instrumental reason. Examples of community development practice as a positive response to the erosion are given from the fields of public health, violence, micro-economic development, and food. It also argues that "place" as a proxy for community has become conceptually as well as practically inadequate, and that effective community development calls for micro-macro coordination.
Cognition and Policy Implementation: District Policymakers and the Reform of Mathematics Education

Using a cognitive lens, this article explores school districts' response to recent mathematics reforms. Analyzing the ideas about instruction that district leaders construct from the mathematics reforms, I identify dominant patterns in their understandings. Whereas district leaders in the study understood the mathematics reforms as representing change for their mathematics policies and programs, their understandings tended to miss the full import of the reforms. Focusing on the forms of the mathematics reforms rather than their epistemological and pedagogical functions, district leaders' understandings tended to focus on piecemeal changes that often missed the disciplinary particulars of the reforms. Based on this analysis, I argue for the inclusion of implementers' interpretation of the reform message, along with the more conventional variables such as local resistance to reform and limited local capacity to carry out reform proposals that dominate in the literature in models of the implementation process.
A Formally Verified Sorting Certifier

In this paper, we describe the use of the certification-trail technique as the basis of a hybrid framework for building formally verified software systems. Our technique involves formally verifying only a part of a software system; however, the technique yields a software system which still satisfies the most important correctness properties. Substantial savings in the overhead of software verification, and also in program running time, are shown to be possible in comparison to traditional methods. We apply our technique to the problem of sorting, since sorting represents one of the most basic operations in computer science, and a formally verified sorting certifier should have significant applicability. The results presented in this paper represent an enhancement of the certification-trail technique relative to the detection of incorrect computational output caused by software faults.