Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast detection of XML structural similarity

Because of the widespread diffusion of semistructured data in XML format, much research effort is currently devoted to support the storage and retrieval of large collections of such documents. XML documents can be compared as to their structural similarity, in order to group them into clusters so that different storage, retrieval, and processing techniques can be effectively exploited. In this scenario, an efficient and effective similarity function is the key of a successful data management process. We present an approach for detecting structural similarity between XML documents which significantly differs from standard methods based on graph-matching algorithms, and allows a significant reduction of the required computation costs. Our proposal roughly consists of linearizing the structure of each XML document, by representing it as a numerical sequence and, then, comparing such sequences through the analysis of their frequencies. First, some basic strategies for encoding a document are proposed, which can focus on diverse structural facets. Moreover, the theory of discrete Fourier transform is exploited to effectively and efficiently compare the encoded documents (i.e., signals) in the domain of frequencies. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the approach, also in comparison with standard methods.
Learning to surf: multiagent systems for adaptive web page recommendation

Imagine a newspaper personalized for your tastes. Instead of a selection of articles chosen for a general audience by a human editor, a software agent picks items just for you, covering your particular topics of interest. Since there are no journalists at its disposal, the agent searches the Web for appropriate articles. Over time, it uses your feedback on recommended articles to build a model of your interests. This thesis investigates the design of "recommender systems" which create such personalized newspapers. Two research issues motivate this work and distinguish it from approaches usually taken by information retrieval or machine learning researchers. First, a recommender system will have many users, with overlapping interests. How can this be exploited? Second, each edition of a personalized newspaper consists of a small set of articles. Techniques for deciding on the relevance of individual articles are well known, but how is the composition of the set determined? One of the primary contributions of this research is an implemented architecture linking populations of adaptive software agents. Common interests among its users are used both to increase efficiency and scalability, and to improve the quality of recommendations. A novel interface infers document preferences by monitoring user drag-and-drop actions, and affords control over the composition of sets of recommendations. Results are presented from a variety of experiments: user tests measuring learning performance, simulation studies isolating particular tradeoffs, and usability tests investigating interaction designs.
Regulation of SREBP Processing and Membrane Lipid Production by Phospholipids in Drosophila

Animal cells exert exquisite control over the physical and chemical properties of their membranes, but the mechanisms are obscure. We show that phosphatidylethanolamine, the major phospholipid inDrosophila, controls the release of sterol regulatory element–binding protein (SREBP) from Drosophila cell membranes, exerting feedback control on the synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids. The finding that SREBP processing is controlled by different lipids in mammals and flies (sterols and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively) suggests that an essential function of SREBP is to monitor cell membrane composition and to adjust lipid synthesis accordingly.
Protein Ingestion before Sleep Increases Overnight Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates in Healthy Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging has been attributed to the blunted anabolic response to protein intake. Presleep protein ingestion has been suggested as an effective strategy to compensate for such anabolic resistance.Objective: We assessed the efficacy of presleep protein ingestion on dietary protein digestion and absorption kinetics and overnight muscle protein synthesis rates in older men.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design, 48 older men (mean ± SEM age: 72 ± 1 y) ingested 40 g casein (PRO40), 20 g casein (PRO20), 20 g casein plus 1.5 g leucine (PRO20+LEU), or a placebo before sleep. Ingestion of intrinsically l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine- and l-[1-13C]-leucine-labeled protein was combined with intravenous l-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and l-[1-13C]-leucine infusions during sleep. Muscle and blood samples were collected throughout overnight sleep.Results: Exogenous phenylalanine appearance rates increased after protein ingestion, but to a greater extent in PRO40 than in PRO20 and PRO20+LEU (P < 0.05). Overnight myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (based on l-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine) were 0.033% ± 0.002%/h, 0.037% ± 0.003%/h, 0.039% ± 0.002%/h, and 0.044% ± 0.003%/h in placebo, PRO20, PRO20+LEU, and PRO40, respectively, and were higher in PRO40 than in placebo (P = 0.02). Observations were similar based on l-[1-13C]-leucine tracer (placebo: 0.047% ± 0.004%/h and PRO40: 0.058% ± 0.003%/h, P = 0.08). More protein-derived amino acids (l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine) were incorporated into myofibrillar protein in PRO40 than in PRO20 (0.033 ± 0.002 and 0.019 ± 0.002 MPE, respectively, P < 0.001) and tended to be higher than in PRO20+LEU (0.025 ± 0.002 MPE, P = 0.06). Conclusions: Protein ingested before sleep is properly digested and absorbed throughout the night, providing precursors for myofibrillar protein synthesis during sleep in healthy older men. Ingestion of 40 g protein before sleep increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during overnight sleep. These findings provide the scientific basis for a novel nutritional strategy to support muscle mass preservation in aging and disease. This trial was registered at www.trialregister. nl as NTR3885.
Emotion Knowledge and Self-Regulation as Predictors of Preschoolers’ Cognitive Ability, Classroom Behavior, and Social Competence

The development of children’s cognitive and social skills is a topic of considerable importance and interest in education and educational psychology. The current study examines whether emotion knowledge and self-regulation predict cognitive competence, social competence, and classroom behavior problems among a sample of 74 preschoolers (40 boys). A hierarchical regression was used to control for age, child gender, and family income level before predicting cognitive competence, social competence, and classroom behavior problems from emotion knowledge and self-regulation. Emotion knowledge incrementally predicted both cognitive competence (ΔR2 = .06) and social competence (ΔR2 = .08) but not classroom behavior problems. Conversely, self-regulation predicted classroom behavior problems (ΔR2 = .07) but not cognitive or social competence. In addition, results demonstrated that the situation knowledge (not the expression knowledge) component of emotion knowledge was the active ingredient for both cognitive and social competence. However, different aspects of self-regulation were relevant for different outcomes: The attentional control element was important for cognitive competence, whereas the positive emotionality element was important for social competence and behavior problems. The study demonstrates that emotion-related competencies are important prerequisites for valued educational and social outcomes in preschoolers.
Mass Flow Calorimetry

Discussion of the Mass Flow first principles calorimeter in this paper is based primarily on the analysis and experience gained at SRI in answering the question: “is there a Fleischmann Pons heat effect (FPE)”? Subsequently other mass flow calorimeters, or more generically heat balance calorimeters, were designed to answer this same question and some comment will be directed to the technical differences resulting from different design philosophies, specifically those designed and operated by ENEA, and Energetics Technologies. Discussion will be undertaken of ideal and non-ideal calorimeter operation, design principles and practical implementation including long and short term accuracy and sensitivity as well as limitations of heat balance calorimeters as the vehicle chosen to study the FPE.
Novel Fastidious, Partially Acid-Fast, Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacillus Associated with Abscess Formation and Recovered from Multiple Medical Centers

ABSTRACT We report a novel anaerobe causing abscess in four patients at three hospitals. In the clinical specimen, bacilli were branching, Gram positive, and acid fast. The organism grew slowly and was not identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Our findings support the description of a new genus and species of the suborder Corynebacterineae.
Öğretmenlerin Perspektifinden Özel Eğitimde Yaşanan Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri: Muş İl Örneği

This study aims to determine problems existing at special education and bring forward solution proposals to these problems, in the direction of teachers prospects whom employed at Special Education Application Center and Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers. Within the scope of this study it has been interviewed with nine teachers graduated from different branches such as special education teaching, preschool teaching, primary teaching and some others. One of the qualitative research methods, “semi-structured interview form” was used to collect datas. Participants were asked fourteen questions about instruction process, physical environment and relations among students’ parents, administers and teachers. They stated a great deal of problems existing and indicated that even they * Ars. Gor. , Mus Alparslan Universitesi. Islami Ilimler Fakultesi. IDKAB Bolumu. , tecellikarasu@hotmail.com ** Ars. Gor. , Mus Alparslan Universitesi. Egitim Fakultesi. Ilkogretim Bolumu. Matematik Egitimi, yilmazmutlu49@hotmail.comcan generate solutions to only a few of these problems with individual and institutional efforts, they can’t deal with other problems because of they are being overcome just by higher authorities
Child Support Judgments: Comparing Public Policy to the Public's Policy

Any child support regime necessarily makes policy choices about how parental income should be shared between the two parental households. Those choices involve balancing the claims of the child, the claims of the custodial parent for help with the expenses of providing for the child, and the claims of the support obligor for autonomy in deciding how to spend his own earnings. That balancing task is complicated by the fact that the child and the custodial parent necessarily share a living standard, so that any child support transfer, large or small, will unavoidably benefit the custodial parent as well as the child. This article reports the findings of an empirical study designed to reveal the policies favoured by the British public on these questions. It then compares the public's preferred policies to the policy choices implicit in the current UK child support schedule. It concludes that there are important gaps between the two, and recommends that consideration be given to amending the current UK law to better align it with the public's values on these matters. This paper, aimed at an academic audience, is a more comprehensive and technically complete presentation of an earlier paper, "Child Maintenance: How Much Should the State Require Fathers to Pay When Families Separate? ", which was aimed at a general audience and published online as part of British Social Attitudes 2013.
Selective Neck Dissection for Clinically Node-Positive Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose The treatment of a clinically node-positive (cN+) neck is important in the management of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the extent of neck dissection (ND) remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether level IV or V can be excluded in therapeutic ND for cN+ OSCC patients. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 92 patients who underwent a comprehensive or selective ND as a therapeutic treatment of cN+ OSCC from January 1993 to February 2009. Results The incidence rate of metastasis to level IV or V was 22% (16 of 72) on the ipsilateral neck. Of 67 cases without clinically suspicious nodes at level IV or V, 11 cases (16%, 11 of 67) had pathologically proven lymphatic metastasis to level IV or V. Only a nodal staging above N2b was significantly relevant with the higher rate of level IV or V lymph node metastasis (p=0.025). In this series, selective ND, combined with proper adjuvant therapy, achieved regional control and survival rates comparable to comprehensive ND in patients under the N stage of cN2a OSCC. Conclusion In conclusion, level IV and V patients can avoid recurrence under cN2a OSCC.
Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis with hepatic dissemination: a case report

Introduction: Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is an emerging fungal infection with a few cases reported worldwide. It is caused by Basidiobolus ranarum, which does not usually invade blood vessels and rarely disseminates. Case presentation: We present a rare case of GIB with hepatic dissemination in a 12-year-old Yemeni boy living in southwestern Saudi Arabia. The initial provisional diagnosis was intestinal lymphoma, and a right hemicolectomy was carried out, but histopathological assessment ruled out lymphoma and suggested intestinal tuberculosis. Two weeks after starting antituberculous medications, the patient was referred to our hospital because of fever and right upper abdominal discomfort. There was leukocytosis with marked eosinophilia, and a liver biopsy showed evidence of B. ranarum infection. A second opinion by histopathological examination of resected tissues diagnosed colonic basidiobolomycosis. The patient was treated successfully with itraconazole. Conclusion: GIB is an emerging disease in southwestern Saudi Arabia and should be considered in a patient with an abdominal mass and eosinophilia coming from this region. Persistent elevation of leukocytes and eosinophils after surgical resection of the affected tissue could be used as a predictor of fungal dissemination. Further research is needed for a better understanding of GIB.
Social Affiliation Needs as a Motivator of Risky Online Behaviour

In spite of the risks, people often share large quantities of personal information online. The objective of this research was to gain an understanding as to why people take such risks when engaging with others on social networking sites like Facebook. Initially the existence of online communities had to be established, and consideration given to the possibility that these online communities reflected groups found in the real world. The following hypotheses were then tested using an online survey with Likert Scale questions and freeform questions. This data was then triangulated by and supplemented with data received as a result of semi-structured interviews. Interview and survey questions were informed by a full literature review undertaken on the topic. H1: Humans mimic online behaviours including risky behaviours to gain acceptance in online communities. There was insufficient support for this hypothesis. This may be due to the fact that online and real world groups differ in terms of the way in which they communicate. The five senses are not fully engaged in online communication and there is an absence of body language and other non-verbal communication. This difference may determine that there is less need for social affiliation online than in the real world. H2: The need for personal safety online is secondary to the need for social affiliation. Again there was insufficient support for this hypothesis, and even those with online communities of trusted friends drawn from the real world were concerned for their personal safety and configured their privacy settings. However these people were comfortable sharing personal information online with trusted friends, demonstrating that they were under the illusion that their information was private. H3: Humans reflect the values of their friends on social networks to gain their approval. This hypothesis was well supported and indications were that people were more prepared to share personal information online with those who shared their values. They are also unlikely to share controversial information that violated their personal values. The results of this research were viewed through the lens of "The Online Disinhibition Effect" (Suler, 2004), and recommendations made to companies planning online business.
Training sequence versus cyclic prefix-a new look on single carrier communication

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), with the help of a cyclic prefix, enables low complexity frequency domain equalization, but suffers from a high crest factor. Single carrier with cyclic prefix (SC-CP) has the same advantage with similar performance, but with a lower crest factor and enhanced robustness to phase noise. The cyclic prefix is overhead, so we put more information in it by implementing this cyclic prefix as a training sequence (TS). This new training aided frequency domain equalized single carrier (TASC) scheme offers us additional known symbols and enables better synchronization and (potentially) channel estimation, with the same performance as SC-CP.
Assessment of Electrical Charge on Airborne Microorganisms by a New Bioaerosol Sampling Method

Bioaerosol sampling is necessary to monitor and control human exposure to harmful airborne microorganisms. An important parameter affecting the collection of airborne microorganisms is the electrical charge on the microorganisms. Using a new design of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for bioaerosol sampling, the polarity and relative strength of the electrical charges on airborne microorganisms were determined in several laboratory and field environments by measuring the overall physical collection efficiency and the biological collection efficiency at specific precipitation voltages and polarities. First, bacteria, fungal spores, and dust dispersed from soiled carpets were sampled in a walk-in test chamber. Second, a simulant of anthrax-causing Bacillus anthracis spores was dispersed and sampled in the same chamber. Third, bacteria were sampled in a small office while four adults were engaged in lively discussions. Fourth, bacteria and fungal spores released from hay and horse manure were sampled in a horse barn during cleanup operations. Fifth, bacteria in metalworking fluid droplets were sampled in a metalworking simulator. It was found that the new ESP differentiates between positively and negatively charged microorganisms, and that in most of the tested environments the airborne microorganisms had a net negative charge. This adds a signature to the sampled microorganisms that may assist in their identification or differentiation, for example, in an anti-bioterrorism network.
SHP-1 Regulation of Mast Cell Function in Allergic Inflammation and Anaphylaxis

Allergic inflammation and severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) are important in allergen induced diseases. Bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are ubiquitous and can facilitate allergen induced Th2 immune responses. Phosphatase SHP-1 is critical in regulating immunological homeostasis and in allergen induced Th2 immune responses in the lung. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of allergic inflammation and allergen induced anaphylaxis are still not completely elucidated and it is unclear whether SHP-1 plays any role in LPS-induced airway inflammation and in allergen-induced anaphylaxis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that phosphatase SHP-1 plays an important role in allergic inflammation and anaphylaxis and determined whether its effects are through regulation of mast cell functions. SHP-1 deficient (mev/+ and mev/mev) and mast cell deficient (KitW-sh) mice were examined in their responses to LPS airway stimulation and to ovalbumin (OVA) allergen induced systemic anaphylaxis. Compared to wild type mice, mev/+ mice had significantly enhanced LPS induced airway inflammation and OVA induced anaphylactic responses, including hypothermia and clinical symptoms. These changes were mast cell dependent as KitW-sh mice had reduced responses whereas adoptive transfer of mast cells restored the responses. However, T and B cells were not involved and macrophages did not play a significant role in LPS induced airway inflammation. Interestingly, basophil differentiation from SHP-1 deficient bone marrow cells was significantly reduced. These findings provided evidence that through regulation of mast cell functions SHP-1 plays a critical role as a negative regulator in allergic inflammation and in allergen induced anaphylaxis. In addition, SHP-1 seems to be required for normal basophil development.
Separación, pérdida y nuevas vinculaciones: el apego en la adopción

Children’s integration into new families through adoption creates a context in which new emotional bonds can be developed, but it is a process that also implies separation and loss. Adoption offers a unique opportunity for the study of attachment, and at the same time, attachment theory helps us better to understand one of the most important processes implied by adoption. This article summarizes the main empirical findings about attachment in adopted children, including indiscriminate friendliness. Research has shown that adopted children can build secure attachments with their adoptive parents, but the available evidence also shows that the influence of past adversity will mediate the process and that emotional recovery will happen earlier at the behavioural level than at the representational one.
A Cyanobacterial Lipopolysaccharide Antagonist Inhibits Cytokine Production Induced by Neisseria meningitidis in a Human Whole-Blood Model of Septicemia

ABSTRACT Septicemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis is characterized by increasing levels of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (Nm-LPS) and cytokine production in the blood. We have used an in vitro human whole-blood model of meningococcal septicemia to investigate the potential of CyP, a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-MD-2 antagonist derived from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria planktothrix FP1, for reducing LPS-mediated cytokine production. CyP (≥1 μg/ml) inhibited the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 (by >90%) and chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (by ∼50%) induced by the treatment of blood with pure Nm-LPS, by isolated outer membranes, and after infection with live meningococci of different serogroups. In vitro studies with human dendritic cells and TLR4-transfected Jurkat cells demonstrated that CyP competitively inhibited Nm-LPS interactions with TLR4 and subsequent NF-κB activation. These data demonstrate that CyP is a potent antagonist of meningococcal LPS and could be considered a new adjunctive therapy for treating septicemia.