Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What makes a competent clinical teacher?

Background Clinical teaching competency is a professional necessity ensuring that clinicians’ knowledge, skills and attitudes are effectively transmitted from experts to novices. The aim of this paper is to consider how clinical skills are transmitted from a historical and reflective perspective and to link these ideas with student and teacher perceptions of competence in clinical teaching. Methods The reflections are informed by a Delphi process and professional development survey designed to capture students’ and clinicians’ ideas about the attributes of a competent clinical teacher. In addition, the survey process obtained information on the importance and ‘teachability’ of these characteristics. Results Four key characteristics of the competent teacher emerged from the Delphi process: clinically competent, efficient organizer, group communicator and person–centred. In a subsequent survey, students were found to be more optimistic about the ‘teachability’ of these characteristics than clinicians and scored the attribute of person-centredness higher than clinicians. Clinicians, on the other hand, ascribed higher levels of importance to clinical competency, efficient organization and group communication than students. Conclusions The Delphi process created a non-threatening system for gathering student and clinician expectations of teachers and created a foundation for developing methods for evaluating clinical competency. This provided insights into differences between teachers’ and students’ expectations, their importance, and professional development.
THE IMPACT OF LATE‐LIFE ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION ON COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY AND COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING SKILL ACQUISITION

Studies examining treatment moderators and mediators in late‐life anxiety and depression are sparse. Executive functioning skills decrease with age, and are poorer in the context of anxiety and depression. One of the key cognitive behavioral therapy techniques for anxiety and depression is cognitive restructuring (CR), which teaches people to identify and dispute maladaptive thoughts. There is evidence that cognitive flexibility (CF), one aspect of executive functioning, has a negative impact on CR skill acquisition in nonclinical older adults, and this warrants extension in a clinical sample.
Extending FF to Numerical State Variables

The FF system obtains a heuristic estimate for each state during a forward search by solving a relaxed version of the planning task, where the relaxation is to assume that all delete lists are empty. We show how this relaxation, and FF's heuristic function, can naturally be extended to planning tasks with constraints and effects on numerical state variables. First results show that the implementation, Metric-FF, is competitive with other approaches to numerical planning, performing well against one of the most recent approaches on a numerical version of the Logistics domain.
Filial belief and parent-child conflict.

This study examines the relation between filial belief and the frequency, origins, and solutions to parent-child conflict using an indigenous Chinese perspective. The Dual Filial Piety model is employed to categorize the four types of filial belief: nonfilial, authoritarian, reciprocal, and absolute. Questionnaires were completed by 773 junior and senior high school students from around Taiwan for the study. Results provided support for the indigenous Chinese notion that a child's filial beliefs relate to the level of parent-child conflict. The results go beyond this common conception to highlight that filial beliefs may have a particular role in decreasing self-centred but not inappropriate conflict between parents and children, and that reciprocal filial beliefs may have a more important role in decreasing conflict than authoritarian filial beliefs. Clear differences were identified in the reported origins of conflict (Demands Conflict with Desire. Unreasonable Behaviour, Demand Exceeds Ability, Role Conflict, Interparental Dispute. Immoral Demands) and solutions to conflict (self-sacrifice, compromise, refraining, ego-centred, escape) among the four filial types. Parent demands conflicting with the child's desire was the greatest source of conflict for each of the four filial types. Nonfilial types reported significantly more conflict than absolute types for four of the six origins of conflict examined. Low incidence of conflict may explain why the filial types did not differ for the remaining two origins. Overall, the four filial types reported self-sacrifice as their least used solution to parent-child conflict, and nonfilials reported significantly less use of this solution than the other three filial types. Absolutes and reciprocals reported significantly more use of refraining than the other two filial types. Results of this study provide the first empirical support for the Dual Filial Piety model and constitute a foundation for continued indigenous research on parent-child relations in Chinese culture. It is expected that an indigenous theory of parent-child relations incorporating the Dual Filial Piety model can eventually be integrated into a global psychology.
Mechanical filtering effect of elastic cover for tactile sensor

Tactile sensors are ordinarily covered with an elastic cover to protect the sensor from being damaged by shock or chemical contamination. The cover, however, greatly decreases the sensor's spatial resolution. This effect becomes serious in the fabrication of a high-spatial-resolution sensor, even if the cover is only 0.2 mm thick, when the sensor requires a spatial resolution of less than 1 mm. This paper analyzes the low-pass spatial filtering effect of the cover, calculates the filtering gain for different types of elastic cover materials using the finite-element method, and gives preliminary experimental results.
Effect of Wheat Maturity and Post-Harvest Temperature Treatments on the Quality of Grain and End-Products

Harvesting wheat in a physiologically immature stage, combined with frequent frosts in Canada, poses challenges to farmers and grain processors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of harvesting immature wheat under normal and freezing temperatures on wheat quality. Six cultivars with a wide range of quality were grown in a randomized design. Samples were harvested weekly, starting one week past anthesis (WPA), until physiological maturity. One-half of the harvested wheat was immediately frozen to -18 o C and the other half was air-dried at ambient temperature. Wheat harvested at 4 to 6 WPA was chosen for further quality evaluation. Grain quality was assessed for colour, hardness, weight, diameter, protein content and protein composition. Flour quality was evaluated for colour and rheological properties by farinograph. End-product quality was evaluated by small-scale pan bread and small-scale tortilla baking tests. Grain and flour colour depended strongly on the maturity level of wheat at the time of harvest and post-harvest thermal treatment. Generally, immature (4 WPA) grain showed inferior quality (darker colour and harder grain) when compared to mature grain. When immature wheat was combined with a freezing treatment, additional deterioration in grain, flour and end-product quality was observed. Freezing of the grain at the immature stage resulted in darker grain and flour colour, inferior farinograph dough development time and farinograph stability, lower loaf volume and some inferior bread characteristics. Freezing of immature wheat halted development of polymeric protein and is likely the explanation for some of the observed flour and end-product quality defects.
Comparing analytical modeling with simulation for network processors: a case study

Programming network processors remains an art due to the variety of different network processor architectures and due to little support to reason and explore implementations on such architectures. We present a case study of mapping an IPv4 forwarding switch application on the Intel IXP1200 network processor and we compare this implementation with an analytical model of both the application and architecture used to evaluate different design alternatives. Our results not only show that we are able to model the IXP1200 and our application within 15% of the accuracy compared to that of IXP1200 simulation, but also find closely matching trends for different workloads. This shows the clear potential of such analytical techniques for design space exploration.
Intercellular transfer of transferrin receptor by a contact‐, Rab8‐dependent mechanism involving tunneling nanotubes

Intercellular communication between cancer cells, especially between cancer and stromal cells, plays an important role in disease progression. We examined the intercellular transfer of organelles and proteins in vitro and in vivo and the role of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in this process. TNTs are membrane bridges that facilitate intercellular transfer of organelles of unclear origin. Using 3‐dimensional quantitative and qualitative confocal microscopy, we showed that TNTs contain green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐early endosome antigen (EEA) 1, GFP Rab5, GFP Rab11, GFP Rab8, transferrin (Tf), and Tf receptor (Tf‐R) fused to mCherry (Tf‐RmCherry). Tf‐RmCherry was transferred between cancer cells by a contact‐dependent but secretion‐independent mechanism. Live cell imaging showed TNT formation preceding the transfer of Tf‐RmCherry and involving the function of the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rab8, which colocalized with Tf‐RmCherry in the TNTs and was cotransferred to acceptor cells. Tf‐RmCherry was transferred from cancer cells to fibroblasts, a noteworthy finding that suggests that this process occurs between tumor and stromal cells in vivo. We strengthened this hypothesis in a xenograft model of breast cancer using enhanced (e)GFP‐expressing mice. Tf‐RmCherry transferred from tumor to stromal cells and this process correlated with an increased opposite transfer of eGFP from stromal to tumor cells, together pointing toward complex intercellular communication at the tumor site. —Burtey, A. , Wagner, M. , Hodneland, E. , Skaftnesmo, K. O. , Schoelermann, J., Mondragon, I. R. , Espedal, H. , Golebiewska, A. , Niclou, S. P., Bjerkvig, R. , Kögel, T. , Gerdes, H. ‐H. Intercellular transfer of transferrin receptor by a contact‐, Rab8‐dependent mechanism involving tunneling nanotubes. FASEB J. 29, 4695‐4712 (2015). www.fasebj. org
Fatal Avian Influenza A H5N1 in a Dog

Avian influenza H5N1 virus is known to cross the species barrier and infect humans and felines. We report a fatal H5N1 infection in a dog following ingestion of an H5N1-infected duck during an outbreak in Thailand in 2004. With new reports of H5N1 virus continuing across Asia, Europe, and Africa, this finding highlights the need for monitoring of domestic animals during outbreaks.
Congenital facial teratoma in a neonate: Surgical management and outcome

Teratomas are among the most common tumors of childhood, but craniofacial teratomas are rare. They can be diagnosed antenatally. Craniofacial teratomas may cause airway obstruction in the newborn. We present a case of a newborn male child who was diagnosed to have a facial tumor in the 8th month of gestation. He was delivered normally and had no respiratory or feeding difficulties. He was also found to have a cleft palate. Serum alpha fetoprotein levels were normal. He underwent excision on day of life 9. At 11 months follow-up, he is well with no evidence of recurrence and good functional outcome.
Optimization of DFB Lasing in Chiral Photinic Media

It is known that the most low distributed feedback (DFB) lasing threshold in chiral photinic media (for the definitnes we shall speak below about chiral liquid crystals (CLC)) was observed at the localized mode frequencies (for example at edge mode (EM) frequency). The DFB lasing threshold at the localized mode frequencies in CLCs is rather complicatedly dependent on the CLC and the used in experiments cell parameters. Similar complicated relations exist in the anomalously strong (at the localized mode frequencies) absorption effect revealing themselves, in particular, in the luminescence spectra. Below the results of a theoretical studying of the dependence of the DFB lasing efficiency and the luminescence spectra for CLCs on the relationships of the parameters under discussion are reported. Obtained results explain the experimentally observed non-monotonic dependence of the DFB lasing threshold on the pumping intensity. Options of the experimental observation of the predicted effects are discussed.
FUS/TLS assembles into stress granules and is a prosurvival factor during hyperosmolar stress

FUsed in Sarcoma/Translocated in LipoSarcoma (FUS/TLS or FUS) has been linked to several biological processes involving DNA and RNA processing, and has been associated with multiple diseases, including myxoid liposarcoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS‐associated mutations cause FUS to associate with stalled translational complexes called stress granules under conditions of stress. However, little is known regarding the normal role of endogenous (non‐disease linked) FUS in cellular stress response. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous FUS exerts a robust response to hyperosmolar stress induced by sorbitol. Hyperosmolar stress causes an immediate re‐distribution of nuclear FUS to the cytoplasm, where it incorporates into stress granules. The redistribution of FUS to the cytoplasm is modulated by methyltransferase activity, whereas the inhibition of methyltransferase activity does not affect the incorporation of FUS into stress granules. The response to hyperosmolar stress is specific, since endogenous FUS does not redistribute to the cytoplasm in response to sodium arsenite, hydrogen peroxide, thapsigargin, or heat shock, all of which induce stress granule assembly. Intriguingly, cells with reduced expression of FUS exhibit a loss of cell viability in response to sorbitol, indicating a prosurvival role for endogenous FUS in the cellular response to hyperosmolar stress. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2222–2231, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical Approaches for Rib Fracture Fixation

Summary: Operative management of thoracic injuries is an increasingly accepted technique, with multiple reports of improved patient outcomes as compared with nonoperative treatment. Despite the evolving support of rib fracture fixation, descriptions of surgical approaches and tactics remain limited. We present this information to allow surgeons to begin or improve treatment of these injuries. In addition, we present the initial treatment results of a series of 21 patients treated with the approaches described within.
Association of the apolipoprotein E genotype with memory performance and executive functioning in cognitively intact elderly.

OBJECTIVE To test for a possible effect of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) allele on memory performance and executive functioning (EF) in cognitively intact elderly. METHOD The authors studied 202 randomly selected and cognitively intact older adults (65+ years) of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases Health Care Study. Intact global cognitive functioning was defined using a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 28. Performance in memory was assessed with the CERAD Word List and Constructional Praxis Recall, performance in EF with the Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B). Multivariable linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between cognitive performance and APOE status, controlled for covariates. RESULTS Among the cognitively intact older adults, 21.3% (n = 43) were carriers of the APOE ε4 allele. Carriers did not differ significantly from noncarriers in terms of age, gender, intelligence level, or performance in memory but showed a significantly lower TMT-B performance as a measure of EF (TMT-B M time/SD = 105.6/36.2 vs. 91.9/32.7 s; Mann-Whitney U = 4,313.000; p = .009). The association between lower TMT-B performance and APOE ε4 genotype remained significant in multivariable linear regression analysis. Similar findings were found for the subsample of those 78 elderly, who reached a perfect MMSE-score of 30. CONCLUSIONS A lower EF performance in cognitively intact older APOE ε4 allele carriers might be related to an early Alzheimer's dementia (AD) prodrome. In this case, a stronger focus on first subtle changes in EF may help to improve early AD detection in those being at genetic risk.
The Design and Analysis of Graphical Passwords

In this paper we propose and evaluate new graphical password schemes that exploit features of graphical input displays to achieve better security than text-based passwords. Graphical input devices enable the user to decouple the position of inputs from the temporal order in which those inputs occur, and we show that this decoupling can be used to generate password schemes with substantially larger (memorable) password spaces. In order to evaluate the security of one of our schemes, we devise a novel way to capture a subset of the "memorable" passwords that, we believe, is itself a contribution. In this work we are primarily motivated by devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) that offer graphical input capabilities via a stylus, and we describe our prototype implementation of one of our password schemes on such a PDA, namely the Palm PilotTM.
Alignment of the Spins of Supermassive Black Holes Prior to Coalescence

Recent numerical relativistic simulations of black hole coalescence suggest that in certain alignments the emission of gravitational radiation can produce a kick of several thousand kilometers per second. This exceeds galactic escape speeds; hence, unless there is a mechanism to prevent this, one would expect many galaxies that had merged to be without a central black hole. Here we show that in most galactic mergers, torques from accreting gas suffice to align the orbit and spins of both black holes with the large-scale gas flow. Such a configuration has a maximum kick speed <200 km s-1, safely below galactic escape speeds. We predict, however, that in mergers of galaxies without much gas, the remnant will be kicked out several percent of the time. We also discuss other predictions of our scenario, including implications for jet alignment angles and X-type radio sources.
The Impact of the Thai Motorcycle Transition on Road Traffic Injury: Thai Cohort Study Results

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of motorcycle to car transitioning and urbanisation on traffic injury rates in Thailand. Design Analysis of two consecutive surveys of a large national cohort study. Setting Thailand. Participants The data derived from 57,154 Thai Cohort Study (TCS) participants who provided relevant data on both the 2005 and 2009 surveys. Primary and secondary outcome measures Motorcycle and car traffic crash injury self-reported in 2009, with twelve months’ recall. Results In 2009, 5608(10%) participants reported a traffic crash injury. Most crashes involved a motorcycle (74%). Car access increased and motorcycle use decreased between 2005 and 2009. Among those who used a motorcycle at both time points, traffic injury incidence was 2.8 times greater compared to those who did not use a motorcycle at either time point. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test longitudinal and cross sectional factors associated with traffic crash injury: in the adjusted model, cars were negatively and motorcycles positively associated with injury. Living in an urban area was not injury protective in the adjusted model of traffic crash injury. Conclusions Ongoing urbanisation in Thailand can be expected to lead to further reductions in road traffic injuries based on transition from motorcycles to cars in urban areas. Cities, however, do not provide an intrinsically safer traffic environment. To accommodate a safe transition to car use in Thailand, traffic infrastructural changes anticipating the growing car density in urban areas is warranted.
The RNA degradosome in Bacillus subtilis: identification of CshA as the major RNA helicase in the multiprotein complex

In most organisms, dedicated multiprotein complexes, called exosome or RNA degradosome, carry out RNA degradation and processing. In addition to varying exoribonucleases or endoribonucleases, most of these complexes contain a RNA helicase. In the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, a RNA degradosome has recently been described; however, no RNA helicase was identified. In this work, we tested the interaction of the four DEAD box RNA helicases encoded in the B. subtilis genome with the RNA degradosome components. One of these helicases, CshA, is able to interact with several of the degradosome proteins, i.e. RNase Y, the polynucleotide phosphorylase, and the glycolytic enzymes enolase and phosphofructokinase. The determination of in vivo protein–protein interactions revealed that CshA is indeed present in a complex with polynucleotide phosphorylase. CshA is composed of two RecA‐like domains that are found in all DEAD box RNA helicases and a C‐terminal domain that is present in some members of this protein family. An analysis of the contribution of the individual domains of CshA revealed that the C‐terminal domain is crucial both for dimerization of CshA and for all interactions with components of the RNA degradosome, including RNase Y. A transfer of this domain to CshB allowed the resulting chimeric protein to interact with RNase Y suggesting that this domain confers interaction specificity. As a degradosome component, CshA is present in the cell in similar amounts under all conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that CshA is the functional equivalent of the RhlB helicase of the Escherichia coli RNA degradosome.
Barriers to education in cardiac rehabilitation within an Iranian society: A qualitative descriptive study

Abstract Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes that include patient education aim to maximise physical, psychological and social functioning, and enable people with acute coronary syndrome to lead fulfilling and productive lives. Despite strong evidence for the benefits of patient education, various barriers exist that need to be addressed to ensure the effective delivery of care. This study explores patients/family members and health professionals’ perceptions and experiences of the barriers to cardiac rehabilitation education in an Iranian context. Methods: A thematic analysis of in-depth interviews was undertaken using a constant comparative approach. Participants (10 health professionals, 15 patients/family members) were recruited from educational-medical centers and hospitals in Iran. Credibility and trustworthiness were grounded on four aspects: factual value, applicability, consistency and neutrality. Results: Five major barriers to cardiac rehabilitation were identified relating to human resources, service provision, available educational services, unfavourable attitudes and collaboration gaps. Two main challenges exist to the provision of effective patient education; inadequate human resources in the hospital wards, specifically in terms of trained health care professionals and service users specific health related views and behaviours. Conclusion: Barriers to comprehensive patient education and cardiac rehabilitation in Iran must be addressed and urgent consideration should be given to the introduction and evaluation of education programmes to prepare health/support system professionals as well as service users, and cardiac rehabilitation services that employ a collaborative and individualised approach. This in turn may reduce the burden of CVD and improve the overall health and quality of life for people in Isfahan Iran.