Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Large Driving Record Samples and a Stochastic Approach for Real-World Driving Cycle Construction: Winnipeg Driving Cycle

The challenges in the development of plug-in electric vehicle PEV powertrains are efficient energy management and optimum energy storage, for which the role of driving cycles that represent driver behaviour is instrumental. Discrepancies between standard driving cycles and real driving behaviour stem from insufficient data collection, inaccurate cycle construction methodology, and variations because of geography. In this study, we tackle the first issue by using the collected data from real-world driving of a fleet of 76 cars for more than one year in the city of Winnipeg Canada, representing more than 44 million data points. The second issue is addressed by a proposed novel stochastic driving cycle construction method. The third issue limits the results to mainly Winnipeg and cities that have similar features, but the methodology can be used anywhere. The methodology develops the driving cycle using snippets extracted from recorded time-stamped speed of the vehicles from the collected database. The proposed Winnipeg Driving Cycle WPG01 characteristics are compared to eight existing standard driving cycles and are more able to represent aggressive driving, which is critical in PEV design. An attempt is made to isolate how many differences could be attributed to the sample size and the methodology. The proposed construction methodology is flexible to be optimized for any selection of driving parameters and thus can be a recommended approach to develop driving cycles for any drive train topology, including internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles. Characterization of vehicle parking durations and types of parking home, work, shopping, critical for duty cycles for PEV powertrains, are reported elsewhere. Here, the focus is on the mathematical approach to develop a drive cycle when a large database with high resolution of driving data is available.
Heterosexuality as an Organizing Principle in Women's Sport

This paper explores how heterosexual images structure representations of female elite athletes, and the different practices through which these are perpetuated, both by female athletes themselves, and by others. The focus is on how female athletes experience and reflect upon the relationship between being an athlete and conceptions of femininity with reference to the media, sponsors, fashion/sports clothing and the public. The data are drawn from in- depth interviews with 17 female elite athletes from four different sports in which female athletes perform particularly well internationally: athletics, cross-country skiing, handball and soccer. The findings suggest that the construction of heterosexuality as an organizing principle in women's sport is a complex process involving numerous factors. Female elite athletes are exposed to constraints and paradoxes in which the message is that they may participate in elite sports, but only as long as it does not weaken their hetero sexual attractiveness.
Use of Ovine-based Collagen Extracellular Matrix and Gentian Violet/Methylene Blue Antibacterial Foam Dressings to Help Improve Clinical Outcomes in Lower Extremity Wounds: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Dressings that provide broad spectrum metalloprotease reduction along with inherent aspects of an extracellular matrix may contribute to improved wound healing outcomes and shorter treatment times. OBJECTIVE The author performed a retrospective case series analysis to determine the clinical outcomes of regular debridement with the use of ovine-based collagen extracellular matrix dressings and gentian violet/methylene blue polyurethane antibacterial foam dressings in treating 53 patients with 53 chronic lower extremity wounds (diabetic foot ulcers [DFUs], venous leg ulcers, and heel pressure ulcers). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were treated twice weekly in an outpatient clinic for the first 4 weeks and weekly thereafter until closure. RESULTS Average body mass index (BMI) for the study population was 28.3, and the average patient age was 75.9 years. Mean percent wound surface area reduction at 4, 8, and 12 weeks was 38.5%, 73.3%, and 91.3%, respectively. Average time to closure for all wounds was 10.6 weeks (range, 5-24 weeks). All wounds were 100% reepithelialized by week 20 except 1 DFU that reepithelialized at week 24. The average cost of care for a single wound episode (from presentation to closure) was $2749.49. CONCLUSION Results of this analysis showed that the healing of chronic wounds in this series could be achieved at a reasonable cost with regular debridement and a collagen matrix dressing regimen, even in patients of advanced age and above average BMI as well as in wounds that did not achieve > 40% wound surface area reduction at 4 weeks.
TapDynamics : Strengthening User Authentication on Mobile Phones with Keystroke Dynamics

The convenience and ubiquity of mobile devices make them a rich source of personal data such as email and financial information. Unfortunately, this data is often guaded by only a simple drawing pattern or short PIN code, which recent literature has shown to be woefully insecure [1]; as a particularly scary example, Bonneau’s recent work suggests that an attacker can guess most users’ PIN codes after only eleven attempts [2]. With the the rise of smartphone theft, we see a crucial need for stronger security mechanisms that protect a user’s data on smartphones. Our project aims to address this problem by strengthening user authentication when a person unlocks/logs into a phone. Specifically, we construct and analyze four keystroke dynamic classifiers that use a smartphone’s sensors to learn the key tap behavior of the true owner. After this training, our classifiers can be used to determine whether a login attempt is being made by the true owner or by an attacker who has guessed the owner’s PIN.
Anopheline Mosquito Survival Strategies During the Dry Period in Western Kenya

Abstract The dry season survival mechanism of Anopheles gambiae Giles is one of the most vexing deficiencies in our understanding of the biology of the major malaria vectors. In this study, we examined the dynamics of anopheline adult mosquitoes, their larval habitats, and egg survival potential during the dry season in the basin region of Lake Victoria, western Kenya. Through field surveys, we demonstrated two survival strategies of An. gambiae sensu stricto during the dry season: continuous reproduction throughout the year and embryo dormancy in moist soil for at least several days. We further demonstrated that An. gambiae shows a strong preference for moist soil as an oviposition substrate rather than dry soil substrate under the insectary conditions. The observation that anopheline eggs remain a dormant stage to resist desiccation clearly contrasts the conventional wisdom that anopheline eggs hatch shortly after they are laid. Our results from western Kenya are consistent with the suggestion that anopheline mosquitoes do not necessarily suffer a severe population bottleneck during the dry season and thus maintain a large effective population size.
Status- and Stigma-related Consequences of Military Service and PTSD

This article describes an experimental study that investigates the status- and stigma-related consequences of military service and of experiences in war resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the study, participants interacted with fictitious partners whom they believed were real in four conditions: a control condition, a condition in which the “partner” was in the military, a condition in which the “partner” was a war veteran who had been deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan, and a condition in which the partner was a military veteran with PTSD who had been deployed. Results support predictions that military experience would advantage partners with respect to influence over participants, but that PTSD would be disadvantaging. Previous contact with veterans moderated this relationship, mitigating the loss of influence associated with PTSD. A prediction that PTSD would significantly increase social distance was not supported.
Young people with health conditions and the inclusive education problematic

This article revisits debates about inclusive education from the perspective of the Keeping Connected project, a qualitative longitudinal research project focusing on young people with health-related disrupted experiences of schooling. Drawing on findings from this project, three main arguments are advanced and illustrated in relation to inclusive education. First, voice and subjectivity are not identical for these young people, and inclusive education should be concerned with both. Second, a generic orientation to difference and heterogeneity is an insufficient approach to inclusive education; the specificities of how marginalisation and lack of opportunity is produced for this particular group need attention. Third, schooling is a social institution working and producing effects as a process over time, and this has implications for inclusive education perspectives. The article argues that Osberg and Biesta's proposed framework for inclusive curriculum does not avoid the conundrum it identifies in other inclusive education frameworks, and under-theorises the social, curriculum and subjectivity.
Rivalités, territoire et santé : enjeux et constats pour une vraie démocratie sanitaire

La sante est un champ sur lequel les rivalites, y compris territoriales, entre acteurs sont en expansion. Un recul du niveau de sante aurait de lourdes consequences politiques. Les dirigeants politiques ont reagi a ce danger en instituant un systeme de gestion recentre sur les decisions de l’Etat, mais en le regionalisant. Or le lien entre espace et sante est en train de se densifier : on voit croitre la segregation sociale, que ce soit pour l’habitat, l’offre de soins, ou les plus grandes densites de pathologies. L‘avancee majeure de la loi HPST est peut-etre d’avoir ouvert la voie a une regionalisation reelle du systeme de sante. Elle passerait par une prise en charge sciemment differenciee d’une region a l’autre. Mais la culture de sante publique de la classe politique s’appuie souvent sur des representations vieillies, naives ou meme erronees, trop centrees sur l’offre de soins, et la gestion differenciee de la sante selon le territoire necessiterait une tres solide construction sociale et democratique de son mode de gestion. Les determinants de sante ne sont plus que de facon minoritaire lies a l’offre de soins, comme le montre par exemple le niveau de couverture vaccinale, alors que le defi sanitaire majeur qui se presente a nous dans les prochaines annees oblige a repenser la sante publique : les baby-boomers arrivent a l’âge de l’enclenchement des premieres maladies chroniques.
Logic emulation with virtual wires

Logic emulation enables designers to functionally verify complex integrated circuits prior to chip fabrication. However, traditional FPGA-based logic emulators have poor inter-chip communication bandwidth, commonly limiting gate utilization to less than 20%. Global routing contention mandates the use of expensive crossbar and PC-board technology in a system of otherwise low-cost commodity parts. Even with crossbar technology, current emulators only use a fraction of potential communication bandwidth because they dedicate each FPGA pin (physical wire) to a single emulated signal (logical wire). Virtual wires overcome pin limitations by intelligently multiplexing each physical wire among multiple logical wires, and pipelining these connections at the maximum clocking frequency of the FPGA. The resulting increase in bandwidth allows effective use of low-dimension direct interconnect. The size of the FPGA array can be decreased as well, resulting in low-cost logic emulation. This paper covers major contributions of the MIT Virtual Wires project. In the context of a complete emulation system, we analyze phase-based static scheduling and routing algorithms, present virtual wires synthesis methodologies, and overview an operational prototype with 20 K-gate boards. Results, including in-circuit emulation of a SPARC microprocessor, indicate that virtual wires eliminate the need for expensive crossbar technology while increasing FPGA utilization beyond 45%. Theoretical analysis predicts that virtual wires emulation scales with FPGA size and average routing distance, while traditional emulation does not.
Towards an Organic Approach to Investigating CAF in Instructed SLA: The Case of Complexity

In this article, we examine current practices in the measurement of syntactic complexity to illustrate the need for more organic and sustainable practices in the measurement of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in second language production. Through in-depth review of examples drawn from research on instructed second language acquisition, we identify and discuss challenges to the evidentiary logic that underlies current approaches. We also illuminate critical mismatches between the interpretations that researchers want to make and the complexity measures that they use to make them. Building from the case of complexity, we point to related concerns with impoverished operationalizations of multidimensional CAF constructs and the lack of attention to CAF as a dynamic and interrelated set of constantly changing subsystems. In conclusion, we offer suggestions for addressing these challenges, and we call for much closer articulation between theory and measurement as well as more central roles for multidimensionality and dynamicity in future CAF research.
Value of 18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective study.

IMPORTANCE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the motor system, with extramotor involvement to a variable extent. Biomarkers for early differential diagnosis and prognosis are needed. An autosomal dominant hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) expansion in the noncoding region of the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene is the most frequent genetic cause of ALS, but its metabolic pattern has not been studied systematically. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of 18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography as a marker of ALS pathology and investigate whether a specific metabolic signature is present in patients with C9orf72 mutations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In total, 81 patients with a suspected diagnosis of ALS at University Hospital Leuven were prospectively investigated. All underwent detailed neurological examination and electrodiagnostic and genetic testing for the major known genetic causes of ALS (C9orf72, SOD1, TARDBP, and FUS). A diagnosis of ALS was made in 70 of 81 patients. Of these, 11 were C9orf72 positive and 59 were C9orf72 negative. In 7 patients, the diagnosis of primary lateral sclerosis was made; 4 patients had progressive muscular atrophy. A screened healthy control population was used for comparison. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Positron-emission tomographic data were spatially normalized and analyzed using a predefined volume of interest and a voxel-based analysis (SPM8). Discriminant analysis was done both volume of interest based and voxel based using a support vector machine approach. RESULTS Compared with control participants, 18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography showed perirolandic and variable prefrontal hypometabolism in most patients. Patients with primary lateral sclerosis showed a similar pattern. Patients with C9orf72-positive ALS had discrete relative hypometabolism in the thalamus and posterior cingulate compared with those with C9orf72-negative ALS. A posteriori-corrected discriminant analysis was able to correctly classify 95% of ALS cases and 71% of primary lateral sclerosis cases. Prefrontal hypometabolism was associated with reduced clinical functioning (ALS Functional Rating Scale). Extensive hypometabolism in the prefrontal or anterior temporal areas was present in 10% of patients and associated with significantly shorter survival as an independent factor (n = 63, P < .001). Patients who were C9orf72 positive did not differ in survival compared with those who were C9orf72 negative. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE 18Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography is a useful early diagnostic and prognostic marker for ALS. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is positive for C9orf72 is characterized by only mild cerebral metabolic differences that show no prognostic difference.
An ‘Invisible’ Problem? Uncovering the Nature of Racist Victimisation in Rural Suffolk

The issue of racist victimisation in rural areas has been largely overlooked in academic and political circles, although there is growing evidence to suggest that the prevalence and impact of racism are significant problems for minority ethnic groups living in rural parts of England. This article aims to address the paucity of research conducted in the area by outlining the findings of a study conducted in rural parts of Suffolk (a county in the east of England), which was based upon a series of interviews with victims of racial harassment and local agency workers, a questionnaire survey of minority ethnic groups and focus groups with members of the county's established white rural communities. In highlighting the prejudiced attitudes and stereotypes that affect the day-to-day existence of rural Suffolk's minority ethnic population, the article draws attention to the alarming nature and extent of racial harassment in typically intransient communities, together with the perceived sense of isolation suffered by victims of such harassment. The article also discusses the reasons behind victims' reluctance to report racist incidents, and offers suggestions as to how local agencies can make much-needed improvements to their response to victims in rural areas.
GREYC keystroke: A benchmark for keystroke dynamics biometric systems

Even if the market penetration rate of biometric technologies is still far below its potential, many biometric systems are used in our daily real-life. One of the main reasons to its low proliferation is the lack of a generic and complete approach that quantifies the performance of biometric systems taking into account individuals' perception among the process. Among all the existing biometric modalities, authentication systems based on keystroke dynamics are particularly interesting. Many researchers proposed in the last decades some algorithms to increase the efficiency of this approach. Nevertheless, none significant benchmark is available and commonly used in the state of the art to compare them by using a similar and rigorous protocol. We propose in this paper: a benchmark testing suite composed of a database and a software that are available for the scientific community for the evaluation of keystroke dynamics based systems. Performance evaluation of various keystroke dynamics methods tested on the database is available in [1].
Lack of Acrosome Formation in Hrb-Deficient Mice

The sperm acrosome is essential for sperm-egg fusion and is often defective in men with nonobstructive infertility. Here we report that male mice with a null mutation in Hrb are infertile and display round-headed spermatozoa that lack an acrosome. In wild-type spermatids, Hrb is associated with the cytosolic surface of proacrosomic transport vesicles that fuse to create a single large acrosomic vesicle at step 3 of spermiogenesis. Although proacrosomic vesicles form in spermatids that lack Hrb, the vesicles are unable to fuse, blocking acrosome development at step 2. We conclude that Hrb is required for docking and/or fusion of proacrosomic vesicles during acrosome biogenesis.
The Changing Roles of Education and Ability in Wage Determination

This study examines changes in returns to formal education and cognitive skills over the past 20 years using the 1979 and 1997 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We show that cognitive skills had a 30%–50% larger effect on wages in the 1980s than in the 2000s. Returns to education were higher in the 2000s. These developments are not explained by changing distributions of workers’ observable characteristics or by changing labor market structure. We show that the decline in returns to ability can be attributed to differences in the growth rate of technology between the 1980s and 2000s.
Embodiment, Experience and Theory: In Defence of the Sociological Tradition

This paper examines whether the theoretical analyses and ambitions of sociologists of the body are increasingly making obstructive and irrelevant the subject boundaries and methodological conventions associated with their parent discipline. Concerns about the utility of the discipline have been expressed by a number of body studies emanating from within and outside of sociology. These imply that it is necessary to reject the dominant problematic of sociology and utilise non disciplinary resources if we are to understand issues surrounding the ‘lived experience’ of embodiment. In opposing this rejection of sociology, if not the use of other intellectual resources, I argue that the discipline contains much valuable theorising about experience which has yet to be developed by body theorists. Many of sociology's central concepts, indeed, evoke dimensions of human experience that remain highly pertinent to an understanding of the individual and societal significance of the body in the contemporary era. In order to illustrate this argument, I focus on the writings of Durkheim and Simmel. Their work is rarely central to writings on the body, but provides good examples of the diversity of theoretical approaches within sociology that remain relevant to body theorists. Specifically, I want to use it to develop the outlines of a theory of embodiment as a medium for the constitution of society which has at its centre a concern with human experience. I conclude by reassessing the strategic options sociologists of the body confront in developing their analyses.
CRISES, CONTINUITY, AND THE REFUGEE

Educational biography is a narrative account of a life, which represents and interprets an individual's educational experience, broadly defined. This article presents the educational biographies of three members of a Hmong refugee family. Yong Lee is a Hmong refugee who has recently moved with his family to Michigan. He is unemployed, and he, his wife, his mother, and his children subsist on welfare. The first part of this article consists of the Lee family educational biography, as told through the narratives of Yong Lee; his daughter Malee; and his eldest son, Jerry. The second part provides an interpretation of how crises and continuity shape the educational lives of the Lees as they negotiate the cultural borderlands of their situated and enduring selves. In the final part of this article, the author suggests ways in which such educational biographies can be used in the education of immigrants and all Americans.
A Literature Review of Social Mood

Emotions exert a significant influence on financial behavior. The "socionomic hypothesis" posits social mood, the collective mood of individuals, as a primary causal variable in financial and social trends. In order to provide a scientific basis for the study of social mood, this article reviews psychological research on major mood-related elements of personality: affect, motivation, and personality traits. We examine the structure and functions of these core personality dimensions, and discuss research on contagion processes by which individuals' moods spread and manifest in a collective social mood. We also address implications for financial and economic behavior. Social mood is rooted in empirically established personality dimensions that are fundamental to human nature, and can influence financial outcomes.