Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FREQUENT CLONALITY IN FUCOIDS (FUCUS RADICANS AND FUCUS VESICULOSUS; FUCALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) IN THE BALTIC SEA 1

Asexual reproduction by cloning may affect the genetic structure of populations, their potential to evolve, and, among foundation species, contributions to ecosystem functions. Macroalgae of the genus Fucus are known to produce attached plants only by sexual recruitment. Recently, however, clones of attached plants recruited by asexual reproduction were observed in a few populations of Fucus radicans Bergström et L. Kautsky and F. vesiculosus L. inside the Baltic Sea. Herein we assess the distribution and prevalence of clonality in Baltic fucoids using nine polymorphic microsatellite loci and samples of F. radicans and F. vesiculosus from 13 Baltic sites. Clonality was more common in F. radicans than in F. vesiculosus, and in both species it tended to be most common in northern Baltic sites, although variation among close populations was sometimes extensive. Individual clonal lineages were mostly restricted to single or nearby locations, but one clonal lineage of F. radicans dominated five of 10 populations and was widely distributed over 550 × 100 km of coast. Populations dominated by a few clonal lineages were common in F. radicans, and these were less genetically variable than in other populations. As thalli recruited by cloning produced gametes, a possible explanation for this reduced genetic variation is that dominance of one or a few clonal lineages biases the gamete pool resulting in a decreased effective population size and thereby loss of genetic variation by genetic drift. Baltic fucoids are important habitat‐forming species, and genetic structure and presence of clonality have implications for conservation strategies.
Effect of a Computer‐Based Intervention on Social Support for Chronically III Rural Women

&NA; Social support is a key factor in illness management. Despite the positive effects of support groups, there are barriers to participation by rural dwellers in face‐to‐face groups. To address these barriers, a computer‐based support group intervention, the Women to Women Project, was designed to provide peer support and health information through a computer‐based intervention. Data from three groups (intervention, information, comparison) of woman who participated in the program were analyzed. The pattern of improvement in social support was in the anticipated direction, but not significant in the main analysis. Exploratory analysis was conducted on a vulnerable subsample of women reporting low social support and high psychosocial distress. Results suggest that improvement in social support, based on the intervention, was greater for the vulnerable subsample as compared with the sample as a whole. An effective and efficient means of providing social support and facilitating the mobilization of this support is through self‐help groups; this study demonstrates that virtual support groups can increase perceived social support.
Validity and Reliability of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

There is limited published validity and reliability evidence to support using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Two studies were conducted to evaluate validity and reliability evidence for the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. In Study 1: 69 adults completed the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (three months apart; n = 54), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, fitness and anthropometric measures. All participants wore a pedometer and 53 participants wore an accelerometer for seven days at baseline. In Study 2, 16 adults completed the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire 10 days apart. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire moderate and vigorous minutes were correlated with the accelerometer moderate (r = 0.28) and vigorous (r = 0.48) physical activity. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were related for sedentary behaviors (r = 0.51), moderate-to-vigorous (r = 0.48) and vigorous (r = 0.63) PA. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with percent fat (r = −0.32), estimated VO2 max (r = 0.26), and step count (r = 0.39). The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire demonstrated graded differences across categories for step count, body mass index, waist circumference, percent fat, fitness, and accelerometer measured activity. Short-term test–retest reliability (10 days) ranged from 0.83 to 0.96 while long-term reliability (three months) was 0.53 to 0.83. These data provide low-to-moderate validity and generally acceptable reliability evidence for the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.
Modified protocol for enhanced recovery after surgery is beneficial for Chinese cancer patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy

Radical surgical resection remains the only effective treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. Effective protocols for recovery from post-operative complications that result in high rates of morbidity and mortality are therefore essential. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is an interdisciplinary multimodal concept based on modern anesthesia and analgesia combined with other fast rehabilitation parameters. It was first applied in the field of elective colorectal surgery, and eventually extended to several surgical diseases. In this study, we investigated the feasibility and safety of implementing the ERAS protocol in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We randomly divided 159 patients who underwent PD into two groups who were managed using either ERAS or the conventional protocol. We observed that in those treated with the ERAS protocol several post-operative recovery factors were greatly improved, and there were no complications requiring readmission. We therefore propose that ERAS can improve post-operative recovery of PD patients and shorten the waiting time to chemotherapy, which may improve the overall survival of surgically treated pancreatic cancer patients.
Dopaminergic Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Human Effort-Based Decision-Making

Preferences for different combinations of costs and benefits are a key source of variability in economic decision-making. However, the neurochemical basis of individual differences in these preferences is poorly understood. Studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated that direct manipulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) significantly impacts cost/benefit decision-making, but less is known about how naturally occurring variation in DA systems may relate to individual differences in economic behavior. In the present study, 25 healthy volunteers completed a dual-scan PET imaging protocol with [18F]fallypride and d-amphetamine to measure DA responsivity and separately completed the effort expenditure for rewards task, a behavioral measure of cost/benefit decision-making in humans. We found that individual differences in DA function in the left striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex were correlated with a willingness to expend greater effort for larger rewards, particularly when probability of reward receipt was low. Additionally, variability in DA responses in the bilateral insula was negatively correlated with willingness to expend effort for rewards, consistent with evidence implicating this region in the processing of response costs. These findings highlight the role of DA signaling in striatal, prefrontal, and insular regions as key neurochemical mechanisms underlying individual differences in cost/benefit decision-making.
Young men in love: the (re)making of heterosexual masculinities through “serious” relationships

In this paper I examine how young men's experience of what they termed “serious” relationships are contexts in which they were engaged in the processes of exploring and, in some important ways, remaking their masculine identities. I refer to data drawn from in-depth interviews with eight middle-class, white young men who are reaching the end of their studies in a Scottish secondary school and planning to enter higher education. I identify and explore aspects of the intimate relationship in which these young men contest culturally patterned discourses of gender difference and show how, in trying to resolve these differences, their sense of masculine identities is altered. I suggest that familiar gendered differences – relating to the ways that sex and love, commitment and independence and emotional expressiveness are linked to heterosexual masculinity and femininity – are three of the distinct fields of which these young men are aware and via which they engage in “gender” work. I argue that how this work is done, the resources employed and the meanings that are generated are independent on specific local and temporal realities of these young men lives.
Teaching Social Studies to Upper Elementary Students With Learning Disabilities

The authors report the effects of a single-case, multiple-probe design investigation for students with learning disabilities (LD) in Grades 4 and 5. Seven students classified as LD and with persistent difficulty with informational-text comprehension from two elementary schools participated. The study compared social studies learning across two conditions: a text-based summarization baseline and a treatment that used graphic organizers and explicit instruction. Results suggest the manifestation of a functional relation for all students on daily content quizzes and minimal performance overlap between conditions. On a pre/post social studies measure, students at both schools improved, but students at School B made greater gains at posttest. Results suggest that treatment components that have been effective for students in secondary school are promising for enhancing learning with social studies text in students with LD in Grades 4 and 5.
‘Zeitgeist’and minority influence—where is the causality: A comment on Clark (1990)

Does the mood of the time (Zeitgeist) facilitate the influence minorities are able to exercise, or is it itself a direct product of minority influence ? It is argued, from a social psychological definition of the minority-majority relation, that the former interpretation fails to explain many of the observed effects and in particular the conversion effect. A model is offered that is consistent with the second interpretation.
The Economics of Contingent Re-auctions

We consider an auction environment where an object can be sold with usage restrictions that generate benefits to the seller but decrease buyers' valuations. In this environment, sellers such as the FCC have used "contingent re-auctions," offering the restricted object with a reserve price, but re-auctioning it without restrictions if the reserve is not met. We show that contingent re-auctions are generally neither efficient nor optimal for the seller. We propose an alternative "exclusive-buyer mechanism" that can implement the efficient outcome in dominant strategies. In certain environments, parameters can be chosen so the seller's surplus is maximized across all selling procedures. (JEL D44, D82, H82)
The scientific study of inspiration in the creative process: challenges and opportunities

Inspiration is a motivational state that compels individuals to bring ideas into fruition. Creators have long argued that inspiration is important to the creative process, but until recently, scientists have not investigated this claim. In this article, we review challenges to the study of creative inspiration, as well as solutions to these challenges afforded by theoretical and empirical work on inspiration over the past decade. First, we discuss the problem of definitional ambiguity, which has been addressed through an integrative process of construct conceptualization. Second, we discuss the challenge of how to operationalize inspiration. This challenge has been overcome by the development and validation of the Inspiration Scale (IS), which may be used to assess trait or state inspiration. Third, we address ambiguity regarding how inspiration differs from related concepts (creativity, insight, positive affect) by discussing discriminant validity. Next, we discuss the preconception that inspiration is less important than “perspiration” (effort), and we review empirical evidence that inspiration and effort both play important—but different—roles in the creative process. Finally, with many challenges overcome, we argue that the foundation is now set for a new generation of research focused on neural underpinnings. We discuss potential challenges to and opportunities for the neuroscientific study of inspiration. A better understanding of the biological basis of inspiration will illuminate the process through which creative ideas “fire the soul,” such that individuals are compelled to transform ideas into products and solutions that may benefit society.
A DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate eradicates high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor-initiating cells in vivo

Targeting DLL3 with an antibody-drug conjugate eliminates tumor-initiating cells in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine cancers. Not just another Notch Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, such as small cell lung cancer, are among the most difficult cancers to treat. Although standard chemotherapy regimens are available for this type of cancer, their effects are only transient, and the tumors typically acquire resistance to the drugs very quickly. Saunders et al. have discovered that DLL3, a ligand in the Notch signaling pathway, is associated with the neuroendocrine cancer phenotype. The authors targeted DLL3 with an antibody conjugated to a cytotoxic drug, which proved to be much more effective than standard chemotherapy for treating patient-derived tumor xenografts. Unlike chemotherapy, the anti-DLL3 treatment appeared to be particularly effective against tumor-initiating cells, which may account for its efficacy. The high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), remain among the most deadly malignancies. Therapies that effectively target and kill tumor-initiating cells (TICs) in these cancers should translate to improved patient survival. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors serve as excellent models to study tumor biology and characterize TICs. Increased expression of delta-like 3 (DLL3) was discovered in SCLC and LCNEC PDX tumors and confirmed in primary SCLC and LCNEC tumors. DLL3 protein is expressed on the surface of tumor cells but not in normal adult tissues. A DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), SC16LD6.5, comprised of a humanized anti-DLL3 monoclonal antibody conjugated to a DNA-damaging pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer toxin, induced durable tumor regression in vivo across multiple PDX models. Serial transplantation experiments executed with limiting dilutions of cells provided functional evidence confirming that the lack of tumor recurrence after SC16LD6.5 exposure resulted from effective targeting of DLL3-expressing TICs. In vivo efficacy correlated with DLL3 expression, and responses were observed in PDX models initiated from patients with both limited and extensive-stage disease and were independent of their sensitivity to standard-of-care chemotherapy regimens. SC16LD6.5 effectively targets and eradicates DLL3-expressing TICs in SCLC and LCNEC PDX tumors and is a promising first-in-class ADC for the treatment of high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.
Japanese large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition system based on microsoft whisper

Input of Asian ideographic characters has traditionally been one of the biggest impediments for information processing in Asia. Speech is arguably the most effective and efficient input method for Asian non-spelling characters. This paper presents a Japanese large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition system based on Microsoft Whisper technology. We focus on the aspects of the system that are language specific and demonstrate the adaptability of the Whisper system to new languages. In this paper, we demonstrate that our pronunciation/part-of-speech distinguished morpheme based language models and Whisper based Japanese senonic acoustic models are able to yield state-of-the-art Japanese LVCSR recognition performance. The speaker-independent character and Kana error rates on the JNAS database are 10% and 5% respectively.
Theoretical isochrones in several photometric systems. II. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey ugriz system

Following Paper I, we provide extended tables of bolometric corrections, extinction coeffi cients, stellar isochrones, and integrated magnitudes and colours of single-burst stellar populations, for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) ugriz photometric system. They are tested on comparisons with DR1 data for a few stellar systems, namely the Palomar 5 and NGC 2419 globular clusters and the Draco dSph galaxy.
Gradient-Based Methods for Sparse Recovery

The convergence rate is analyzed for the sparse reconstruction by separable approximation (SpaRSA) algorithm for minimizing a sum $f(\mathbf{x})+\psi(\mathbf{x})$, where $f$ is smooth and $\psi$ is convex, but possibly nonsmooth. It is shown that if $f$ is convex, then the error in the objective function at iteration $k$ is bounded by $a/k$ for some $a$ independent of $k$. Moreover, if the objective function is strongly convex, then the convergence is $R$-linear. An improved version of the algorithm based on a cyclic version of the BB iteration and an adaptive line search is given. The performance of the algorithm is investigated using applications in the areas of signal processing and image reconstruction.
UNDERSTANDING CHINA'S ANTISATELLITE TEST

In discussing China's January 2007 hit-to-kill intercept of the Chinese weather satellite FengYun-1C, most American analysts sought the “message” for the United States—either by asserting that China's test was a deliberate step toward a comprehensive counterspace capability to offset U.S. conventional military superiority or an attempt to force the United States to the negotiating table on “the prevention of an arms race in outer space. ” Chinese officials, after a long silence, eventually claimed the test was an “experiment” that was “not targeted at any country. ” We traveled to China several times in 2007 and had a series of conversations with Chinese individuals knowledgeable about the history of this particular antisatellite program and with access to information about the decision-making process prior to and after the final test. These discussions were off the record, not for attribution, given the sensitivity of the subject. They reflected the views of some of the key institutions involved in the test from the State, the Communist Party, the People's Liberation Army, and aerospace experts involved in debris calculations. The information conveyed to us suggests that American commentators tend to place much greater importance on the United States as a driver in China's decision to develop the technology and conduct the test than do the Chinese.
Dilemmas of emotion work in nursing under market‐driven health care

Therapeutic emotion work is one aspect of a range of emotion work performed by nurses as they manage their own and their patients’ feelings with the intention of improving health outcomes. Nurses have developed, sustained and passed on these often “invisible” knowledges and skills with little official recognition. Recent structural changes implemented under the logics of managed care have paradoxically both diminished and accentuated the importance of emotion work. For the nurses interviewed in this qualitative study, competing work models of productivity, efficiency and caring have led to both anger and sadness over what is being lost, and to various accommodations to “make it work. ” What happens to interpersonal labour when the time to accomplish it is dramatically reduced, yet demands for patient satisfaction and quality customer relations have increased?
The Case for Diet Diaries in Longitudinal Studies

Dietary assessment is an important component of longitudinal studies, allowing examination of the role of nutritional factors on health and societal outcomes. Dietary intake can be assessed by a number of methods, varying in respondent and interviewer burden, cost, and detail of type and quantity, as well as frequency of foods consumed. Many longitudinal studies utilise Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) because of ease of administration and low cost, but these lack food detail, rely on good memory and have been questioned in terms of their capability to show diet–disease relationships. Estimated diet diaries are growing in popularity because of lower respondent burden than weighed records yet providing equally valid information, with more detail than FFQs. Costs of coding and translation to nutrients can be built into study budgets; estimated diaries should be considered for longitudinal studies to enable the role of diet in health and lifestyle to be accurately investigated.
The Relationship among Self-Concept, Self-Efficacy, and Performance in Mathematics during Secondary School.

The relationship among self-concept, self-efficacy, and performance in mathematics was examined among 416 high school students. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing mathematics self-concept and mathematics self-efficacy. Performance was assessed using end-of-term exam results in mathematics. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the existence of two self-concept components--a competency component and an affective component. Self-efficacy items and the competency items of self-concept also loaded on a single factor. Social comparison information was equally influential in the formation of each construct. Self-efficacy beliefs, however, were identified as most highly related with performance in mathematics and percentages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Real-time Dynamic MRI Reconstruction using Stacked Denoising Autoencoder

In this work we address the problem of real-time dynamic MRI reconstruction. There are a handful of studies on this topic; these techniques are either based on compressed sensing or employ Kalman Filtering. These techniques cannot achieve the reconstruction speed necessary for real-time reconstruction. In this work, we propose a new approach to MRI reconstruction. We learn a non-linear mapping from the unstructured aliased images to the corresponding clean images using a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE). The training for SDAE is slow, but the reconstruction is very fast - only requiring a few matrix vector multiplications. In this work, we have shown that using SDAE one can reconstruct the MRI frame faster than the data acquisition rate, thereby achieving real-time reconstruction. The quality of reconstruction is of the same order as a previous compressed sensing based online reconstruction technique.
Out of Cash

This is a report on the effects of party reform and federal election campaign finance reform on the US presidential pre-nomination process. It provides empirical support for commonly held perceptions about the importance of a first- or second-place finish in the New Hampshire primary. Specifically, a regression equation is used to demonstrate that the withdrawal dates of third-or-worse finishers can be predicted from the amount of the first 2 months of matching funds disbursements. A liberalization of the financial regulations or some restoration of state party control over delegate selection is needed, but not likely to occur.