Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Stability of Teacher Effects Upon Student Achievement

This review focuses on the stability, or consistency, of teacher effectiveness. In the review the term "teacher effects" refers to residual class mean achievement scores in which a measure of prior achievement or student aptitude is used to adjust posttest scores by regression. Although there have been numerous studies seeking to determine the correlates of teacher effects within a given time period, much less effort has been devoted to assessing the consistency of teacher effects across two intervals (e.g., two lessons or two years). This paper reviews and discusses nine studies concerned with the generality of teacher effects across two instructional periods. Nine studies are too few to support any conclusions, especially when the designs of the studies were not equally rigorous. Therefore, one of the purposes of writing the review is to call attention to the existing research in this area, and to the problems in interpreting the results. It is hoped that future studies will be conducted to replicate the existing studies and to help resolve some of the issues which they raise.
The Relationship Between Interpersonal Attachment Styles and Work Difficulties

Hazan and Shaver (1990) have argued that attachment theory can be used to predict relationships between adult attachment types (love) and aspects of work behavior. They found that anxious/ambivalent attachments were associated with poorer work performance. Avoidantly attached individuals tended to be overinvolved with work which resulted in effective work performance but disrupted home life. The present study aimed to develop scales of insecure attachment problems for use with a clinical population and to further replicate Hazan and Shaver's findings. In this context the study also looked at the effects of psychological interventions on attachment difficulties. Using data from 219 depressed clients receiving psychological treatment for stress at work, differences in orientation to work were associated with the two insecure attachment groups as predicted. The anxious/ambivalent scale correlated significantly with reported anxiety about work performance and relationships at work. In contrast, the avoidant scale correlated with concern over hours of work and difficulties in relationships at home and with social life. The study also found that relationship problems associated with insecure attachments were significantly helped by psychological treatments.
Flame propagation in a small-scale parallel flow

We consider the propagation of laminar premixed flames in the presence of a parallel flow whose scale is smaller than the laminar flame thickness. The study addresses fundamental aspects with relevance to flame propagation in narrow channels, to the emerging micro-combustion technology, and to the understanding of the effect of small scales in a (turbulent) flow on the flame structure. In part, the study extends the results of a previous analytical study carried out in the thick flame asymptotic limit which has in particular addressed the validity of Damköhler's second hypothesis in the context of laminar steady parallel flows. Several new contributions are made here. Analytical contributions include the derivation of an explicit formula for the effective speed of a premixed flame U T in the presence of an oscillatory parallel flow whose scale ℓ (measured with the laminar flame thickness δ L ) is small and amplitude A (measured with the laminar flame speed U L ) is (1). The formula shows a quadratic dependence on both the amplitude and the scale of the flow. The validity of the formula is established analytically in two distinguished limits corresponding to (1) frequencies of oscillations (measured with the natural frequency of the flame U L /δ L ), and to higher frequencies of (A/ℓ) (the natural frequency of the flow). The analytical study yields partial support of Damköhler's second hypothesis in that it shows that the flame behaves as a planar flame (to leading order) with an increased propagation speed which depends on both the scale and amplitude of the velocity fluctuation. However our formula for U T contradicts the formula given by Damköhler in his original paper where U T has a square root dependence on the scale and amplitude. Numerical contributions include a significant set of two-dimensional calculations which determine the range of validity of the asymptotic findings. In particular, these account for volumetric heat loss and differential diffusion effects. Good agreement between the numerics and asymptotics is found in all cases, both for steady and oscillatory flows, at least in the expected range of validity of the asymptotics. The effect of the frequency of oscillation is also discussed. Additional related aspects such as the difference in the response of thin and thick flames to the combined effect of heat loss and fluid flow are also addressed. It is found for example that the sensitivity of thick flames to volumetric heat loss is negligibly affected by the parallel flow intensity, in marked contrast to the sensitivity of thin flames. Interestingly, and somewhat surprisingly, thin flames are found to be more resistant to heat loss when a flow is present, even for unit Lewis number; this ceases to be the case, however, when the Lewis number is large enough.
Resilience of Israeli Body Handlers: Implications of Repressive Coping Style:

This study assessed posttraumatic and psychiatric symptomatology and perception of threat among Israeli rescue workers whose work involves body handling following terrorist attacks. In addition, implications of level of exposure and repressive coping style were examined. Eighty-seven volunteer body handlers filled out a battery of self-report questionnaires. Despite high levels of exposure, results revealed considerable resilience in these men. In addition, repressors reported lower levels of psychiatric symptomatology than nonrepressors. Several explanations are suggested for body handlers' resilience, among them their strong religious beliefs, their motivation as volunteers, and self-selection factors. Implications of repressive coping style are also discussed.
Decanucleotide insertion polymorphism of F7 significantly influences the risk of thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia

There is strong evidence that certain thrombophilic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) account for an increased risk of thrombosis. The additive impact of inherited thrombotic risk factors to a certain disease‐ immanent thrombotic risk is vastly unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of three novel, preselected SNPs on the risk of thrombosis in patients diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN).
Status of the MILC light pseudoscalar meson project

We discuss the current status of our calculation of the physics of π and K mesons using three dynamical flavors of improved staggered quarks. This year, we have a new ensemble with a lattice spacing of 0.06 fm and a light sea mass of 0.2ms, as well as significant increases in statistics at several coarser lattice spacings and/or heavier sea masses. Results for decay constants, quark masses, low energy constants, condensates, and Vus are presented.
VICISSITUDES OF THE IMPETUS FOR GROWTH AND CHANGE AMONG EMERGING ADULTS

The aim of this study was to understand why some emerging adults pursue their goals in effective ways while others become involved in projects or set goals that collapse after a period of time. In order to examine the inner processes which may explain this phenomenon, in-depth interviews were conducted with 70 emerging adults aged 21 to 26. The interviews revealed two main modes in the pursuit of goals among emerging adults. In the “doing-oriented” mode, individuals were extensively invested in a constant pursuit for its own sake, hardly thinking about what they do, and why. In contrast, in the “reflectiveoriented” mode, emerging adults were highly reflective about their behaviors, motivations, and future projected plans. Integrating developmental and psychoanalytic thinking, our data propose new understandings of the inner processes through which emerging adults may experience and direct their lives.
Towards heterogeneous network convergence: policies and middleware architecture for efficient flow assignment, rate allocation and rate control for multimedia applications

The convergence in access networks brings forth the challenge of resource allocation for applications with varying utilities over networks with time-varying and heterogeneous characteristics. Owing to an ever increasing demand and popularity, multimedia applications have been a key driving force behind the efforts targeted towards architectures, industrial standards, and polices for convergence. Multimedia applications use protocols and transport dynamics that constrain the manner in which these applications can utilize access networks. In this work, we propose middleware architecture and policies that target optimal rate allocation for multimedia applications by monitoring and stochastically modeling the variation in characteristics of the access networks, using the utilities of the media application when known, and accounting for the constraints imposed by application specific transport mechanisms. The proposed measures leverage our optimal rate allocation, rate control, and interface assignment techniques [17, 6, 24] to achieve enhanced multimedia performance and efficient utilization of the access networks.
Informational Environments: Organizational Contexts of Online Information Use

Before the Web, the story of online information services was largely one of over-estimates and unmet expectations. This study examines sustained use and non-use of online services within organizations in a way that overcomes limitations of the traditional approaches that repeatedly led to exuberant usage projections. By adopting an open-systems view, we see that firms in highly technical and highly institutional environments have many more incentives to gather data and go online than do firms in low-tech, unregulated industries. But firms make important choices about partnering and outsourcing that can shift informational activities across organizational boundaries. Our analysis focuses on the informational environments of firms in three industries: law, real estate and biotech/pharmaceuticals. This environmental model provides richer conceptualizations about the use of information and communication technologies, including Internet technologies, and better projections about future use. In support of our analysis, we briefly discuss insights from an ongoing intranets study informed by an informational environments perspective.
Malaysian weedy rice shows its true stripes: wild Oryza and elite rice cultivars shape agricultural weed evolution in Southeast Asia

Weedy rice is a close relative of domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) that competes aggressively with the crop and limits rice productivity worldwide. Most genetic studies of weedy rice have focused on populations in regions where no reproductively compatible wild Oryza species occur (North America, Europe and northern Asia). Here, we examined the population genetics of weedy rice in Malaysia, where wild rice (O. rufipogon) can be found growing in close proximity to cultivated and weedy rice. Using 375 accessions and a combined analysis of 24 neutral SSR loci and two rice domestication genes (sh4, controlling seed shattering, and Bh4, controlling hull colour), we addressed the following questions: (i) What is the relationship of Malaysian weedy rice to domesticated and wild rice, and to weedy rice strains in the USA? (ii) To what extent does the presence of O. rufipogon influence the genetic and phenotypic diversity of Malaysian weeds? (iii) What do the distributions of sh4 and Bh4 alleles and associated phenotypes reveal about the origin and contemporary evolution of Malaysian weedy rice? Our results reveal the following: independent evolutionary origins for Malaysian weeds and US strains, despite their very close phenotypic resemblance; wild‐to‐weed gene flow in Malaysian weed populations, including apparent adaptive introgression of seed‐shattering alleles; and a prominent role for modern Malaysian cultivars in the origin and recent proliferation of Malaysian weeds. These findings suggest that the genetic complexity and adaptability of weedy crop relatives can be profoundly influenced by proximity to reproductively compatible wild and domesticated populations.
A First Step Toward a Comprehensive Model of Integrated Socio-emotional Guidance: Investigating the Effect of Teachers’ Task Perception and a Supportive Network at School

ABSTRACT With a shift in education from the transition of knowledge to the facilitation of the fullest development of each student, social and emotional guidance of students has moved from the margin to the mainstream of education. With limited resources and many competing demands, however, implementing this social and emotional guidance is not always that simple. The authors’ aim, therefore, was to investigate what facilitates teachers to integrate social and emotional guidance into their teaching by means of a survey study involving 3,336 Flemish secondary education teachers. Several important factors including teachers’ task perception, professionalization, teacher communication, clear structures and procedures and principal support were identified; making a first step toward the development of a comprehensive model on integrated social and emotional guidance.
A fast, source-synchronous ring-based network-on-chip design

Most network-on-chip (NoC) architectures are based on a mesh-based interconnection structure. In this paper, we present a new NoC architecture, which relies on source synchronous data transfer over a ring. The source synchronous ring data is clocked by a resonant clock, which operates significantly faster than individual processors that are served by the ring. This allows us to significantly improve the cross section bandwidth and the latency of the NoC. We have validated the design using a 22 nm predictive process. Compared to the state-of-the-art mesh based NoC, our scheme achieves a 4.5× better bandwidth, 7.4× better contention free latency with 11% lower area and 35% lower power.
Leveraging supplemental representations for sequential transduction

Sequential transduction tasks, such as grapheme-to-phoneme conversion and machine transliteration, are usually addressed by inducing models from sets of input-output pairs. Supplemental representations offer valuable additional information, but incorporating that information is not straightforward. We apply a unified reranking approach to both grapheme-to-phoneme conversion and machine transliteration demonstrating substantial accuracy improvements by utilizing heterogeneous transliterations and transcriptions of the input word. We describe several experiments that involve a variety of supplemental data and two state-of-the-art transduction systems, yielding error rate reductions ranging from 12% to 43%. We further apply our approach to system combination, with error rate reductions between 4% and 9%.
Autorregulação da aprendizagem: contribuições da psicologia educacional para a formação de professores

Self-regulated learning has been considered an important construct in Educational Psychology since it encompasses many essential aspects for learning in an educational context. Thus, adopting self-regulated Learning Models as a major theoretical framework, In this paper we aim at describing and analyzing the foundations of self-regulated learning and its key concepts, as well as to show the relevance of this construct for teacher education. We hope to contribute not only to educate teachers with such qualities, but also to the creation of an educational culture with focus on the promotion of self-regulated learning as a fundamental goal of school psycho pedagogical projects.
Probabilistic bug-masking analysis for post-silicon tests in microprocessor verification

Post-silicon validation has become essential in catching hard-to-detect, rarely-occurring bugs that have slipped through pre-silicon verification. Post-silicon validation flows, however, are challenged by limited signal observability, which impacts their ability of diagnosing and detecting bugs. Indeed, bug manifestations during the execution of constrained-random tests may be masked and be unobservable from the test's outputs. The ability to evaluate the bug-masking rate of a test provides great value in generating and/or selecting effective tests for high coverage regressions. To this end, we propose an efficient, static bug-masking analysis solution, called BugMAPI. BugMAPI tracks the information flow in a test program, and it estimates the probability that bugs go undetected by the checking mechanisms in place in the post-silicon platform. To achieve this goal, we leverage static code analysis and a novel, lightweight, probability estimation algorithm. We evaluated BugMAPI on a range of industrial constrained-random tests and a range of bug injection models, and we found that it can estimate bugmasking rates with an accuracy of 77% in 3 orders-of-magnitude less time, compared to an ideal dynamic analysis solution.
Properly Maximal Points in Product Spaces

We study maximal points in a locally convex space partially ordered by a convex cone with a bounded base. Properly maximal points are defined and compared with other concepts of efficiency. Existence and density theorems are given which unify and generalize several results known in recent literature. Particular attention is paid on properly maximal points in a product space which has an interesting application in obtaining a multiplier rule for convex set-valued problems in a general setting.
Culture, Politics and Mass Publics: Traditional and Modern Supporters of The New Environmental Paradigm In Japan and the United States

This paper examines the putative link between Postmaterial values and the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) among mass publics in Japan (Shizuoka Prefecture) and the United States (Spokane, Washington). Unlike Western postindustrial nations, in Japan support for environmentalism comes from two distinct sources--one traditional and the other modern. In Japan, materialist supporters of the NEP are generally indistinct from materialist nonadherents to the NEP, but they are quite distinct in political and personal attributes from the postmaterialist supporters of the NEP. In the U.S., in contrast, the materialist NEP support group is indeed distinct from both the materialist non-NEP group and from the postmaterialist pro-NEP group. This pattern of findings is attributed to the traditional Japanese view of the unity of nature and humans, a view that is mirrored in the New Environmental Paradigm. Unlike the United States, then, in Japan the New Environmental Paradigm is not really all that new.
A Keck HIRES Doppler Search for Planets Orbiting Metal-Poor Dwarfs. I. Testing Giant Planet Formation and Migration Scenarios

We describe a high-precision Doppler search for giant planets orbiting a well-defined sample of metal-poor dwarfs in the field. This experiment constitutes a fundamental test of theoretical predictions, which will help discriminate between proposed giant planet formation and migration models. We present details of the survey, as well as an overall assessment of the quality of our measurements, making use of the results for stars that show no significant velocity variation.
Perception

Perception is a very complex cognitive process that yields a unique picture of the world, a picture that may be quite different from reality. A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived, or in the context of the situation in which perception is made. Understanding the complex process of perception is very important in the study of Organizational Behaviour as human behaviour is based on their perception of what reality is and not on reality itself. Recognition of the difference between perceptual world and the real world is not only vital to the understanding of Organizational Behaviour but also essential for any individual to achieve the ultimate goal (that is, Moksha). This article explores the understanding of perception process in the spiritual perspective. The objective of the article is to synchronize the psychological perspective with the scriptures’ perspective of the perceptual process. Incorrect perceptions known as illusions (caused by Maya) and reasons underlying the perception distortions can be better examined, understood and controlled by the underlying philosophies in the Vedic literature, Bhagwad Gita and various Indian scriptures. The concept of Samskara, Sthitaprajna and Anaasakti mentioned in scriptures provide an insight for improving perception.
The mechanical properties of the rubber elastic polymer polydimethylsiloxane for sensor applications

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a commercially available physically and chemically stable silicone rubber. It has a unique flexibility with a shear elastic modulus due to one of the lowest glass transition temperatures of any polymer . Further properties of PDMS are a low change in the shear elastic modulus versus temperature , virtually no change in G versus frequency and a high compressibility. Because of its clean room processability, its low curing temperature, its high flexibility, the possibility to change its functional groups and the very low drift of its properties with time and temperature, PDMS is very well suited for micromachined mechanical and chemical sensors, such as accelerometers (as the spring material) and ISFETs (as the ion selective membrane). It can also be used as an adhesive in wafer bonding, as a cover material in tactile sensors and as the mechanical decoupling zone in sensor packagings.
An Arabidopsis SET domain protein required for maintenance but not establishment of DNA methylation

Cytosine methylation is critical for correct development and genome stability in mammals and plants. In order to elucidate the factors that control genomic DNA methylation patterning, a genetic screen for mutations that disrupt methylation‐correlated silencing of the endogenous gene PAI2 was conducted in Arabidopsis. This screen yielded seven loss‐of‐function alleles in a SET domain protein with histone H3 Lys9 methyltransferase activity, SUVH4. The mutations conferred reduced cytosine methylation on PAI2, especially in non‐CG sequence contexts, but did not affect methylation on another PAI locus carrying two genes arranged as an inverted repeat. Moreover, an unmethylated PAI2 gene could be methylated de novo in the suvh4 mutant background. These results suggest that SUVH4 is involved in maintenance but not establishment of methylation at particular genomic regions. In contrast, a heterochromatin protein 1 homolog, LHP1, had no effect on PAI methylation.
A review of research on Project STAR and path ahead

Understanding the effects of class size reduction (CSR) has been an enduring issue in education. For the past 3 decades, Project STAR has stimulated research and policy discussions regarding the effects of CSR on a variety of outcomes. Schanzenbach (2007) reviewed STAR studies and concluded that small classes improved student academic outcomes. Since her review, however, some research has challenged this conclusion. This paper reviews these recent challenges, comparing past and recent studies. This review is considered together with studies on large-scale CSR policies in the US and CSR studies outside the US. We conclude by suggesting a direction for future research.