Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Binaries in Globular Clusters. II. A Search for Long-Period Binaries in M22

A catalog of 383 radial velocities for red giants in the globular cluster M22 has been compiled from the literature and from new observations accumulated between 1972 and 1994. This 22-year baseline is the longest available for any sample of globular cluster stars. Using 333 repeat velocities for 109 cluster members, we have carried out a search for spectroscopic binaries with periods in the range 0.2 -- 40 years and with mass ratios between 0.1 and 1.0. Although the velocities for these evolved stars show clear evidence for atmospheric motions, no star is convincingly found to exhibit a velocity variation greater than 7 km/s. By comparing the observed velocity variations to those found in a series of Monte-Carlo simulations, we estimate the cluster binary fraction to be X = 0.01 (circular orbits) and X = 0.03 (thermal orbits). These results are to be compared to the corresponding binary fraction of X = 0.12 for nearby solar-type stars having similar mass ratios and periods. We speculate that both the relative abundances of short- and long-period binaries in globular clusters and the large differences in measured binary fractions for clusters with high binary ionization rates (M22, Omega Cen) compared to those for clusters with low ionization rates (M71, M4, NGC 3201) point to a frequency-period distribution in which soft binaries have been disrupted by stellar encounters. Finally, we note that none of the three CH stars in our survey shows evidence for velocity variations; this is in stark contrast to field CH stars, virtually all of which are binaries. We argue that binaries in M22 which have binding energies similar to field CH stars are unlikely to have been disrupted by stellar encounters and suggest that the cluster CH stars are otherwise normal red giants which lie in the carbon-enriched tail of the cluster metallicity
Custodians of silences? School principal perspectives on the incidence and nature of homophobic bullying in primary schools in Ireland

The research reported in this paper sought to determine the level of awareness among school principals in primary schools in Ireland where homophobic bullying is concerned. International research has previously shown that school leaders as animators of school climate are often lacking in their responses to this type of bullying [Walton, G. 2004. “Bullying and Homophobia in Canadian Schools: The Politics of Policies, Programs, and Educational Leadership. ” Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education 1 (4): 23–36; Pizmony-Levy, O. , and J. G. Kosciw. 2016. “School Climate and the Experience of LGBT Students: A Comparison of the United States and Israel. ” Journal of LGBT Youth 13 (1–2): 46–66; Taylor, C. G. , E. J. Meyer, T. Peter, J. Ristock, D. Short, and C. Campbell. 2016. “Gaps Between Beliefs, Perceptions, and Practices: The Every Teacher Project on LGBTQ-Inclusive Education in Canadian Schools. ” Journal of LGBT Youth 13 (1–2): 112–140]. We sought to ascertain whether school principals in Ireland have had experience of dealing with this type of bullying, whether they believe it is a significant issue and what they perceive their role to be in relation to addressing homophobic bullying. The research focused on the views of school principals because of the critical role they play in policy implementation and school organisation. The research revealed that one in every two school principals had responded to homophobic bullying and that these same principals did not always consider the use of homophobic pejoratives to constitute homophobic bullying. The paper points to the need for further education and training for school leaders on the topic of homophobic bullying otherwise their perspectives will contribute to the many silences that surround this topic in primary schools in Ireland.
RXTE observation of NGC 6240: a search for the obscured active nucleus

ABSTRA C T The wide-band energy spectrum of NGC 6240 over the range 0.5‐200 keV is investigated using the RXTE and ASCA data. The RXTE data provide the spectrum beyond the ASCA range (0.5‐10 keV) with significant detection of signals up to 20 keV and upper limits above 20 keV. The spectrum above 10 keV is found to be very flat. A strong iron K emission line discovered in the previous ASCA observation is also confirmed with the RXTE Proportional Counter Array (PCA). These results provide further evidence for the dominance of a reflection component, i.e. emission from cool material illuminated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN). By fitting the spectra obtained with RXTE and ASCA simultaneously, we satisfactorily modelled the AGN spectrum with a Compton reflection component and probably a transmitted AGN component penetrating through a thick absorber. The X-ray luminosity of the AGN is estimated to be in the range 4 10 43 to 6 10 44 erg s 21 in the range 2‐10 keV, which categorizes NGC 6240 among the most luminous Seyfert nuclei. The ratio of the 2‐10 keV X-ray luminosity to the infrared luminosity, LX(2‐10 keV)/LIR ,i s 0.01‐0.1, which implies a quite substantial, if not dominant, contribution of AGN to the infrared luminosity.
Formulation of New Algorithmics for miRNAs

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides (nts) long with single-stranded RNA. miRNA targets the sequences of messenger RNA (mRNA) through incomplete base-pairing of the target sequence. The incomplete pairing of miRNA to mRNA triggers either translational repression or epigenetically mediated transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). miRNA and RNA silencing in mammalian cells may participate in natural ecological interactions and miRNA itself should contain the original information that is required to control viral proliferation, according to the hypothesis of RNA waves. While the hypothesis involves so-called resident and genomic miRNA as the genetic information, resident miRNAs may evolve and jump into other RNAs, and then become genomic miRNAs. Thus, the inheritable character may be acquired by both types of miRNAs. It is reasonable to believe that preparations of new algorithmics models for the flow of miRNAs may provide an opportunity to overcome the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic.
Interpopulation Variability Among Panstrongylus megistus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Brazil

Abstract Comparisons were made among Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister) from three areas of Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Santa Catarina), where populations differ with regard to their degree of association with human dwellings. The following characters were studied: morphology of the eggs and the male genitalia; morphometry of the head and thorax; isoenzyme profile; enzymatic activity of the ∝-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (∝-GPDH); and cytogenetics. In general, differences were observed in the weight, diameter, and length of the egg among Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Santa Catarina populations. Differences were not observed in the architecture of the egg exochorion. The size of the median process of the pygophore of the male genitalia of individuals from Bahia differed from the other two populations. The Minas Gerais population presented the largest number of denticles in the endosome process. The morphometry of the head and thorax differentiated Santa Catarina from the Bahia and Minas Gerais populations. Phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2., PGM) was the only enzyme out of 11 that showed polymorphism; the population from Minas Gerais was most polymorphic, whereas the population from Santa Catarina was monomorphic. Study of the ∝-GPDH activity and cytogenetics did not reveal differences among the three populations. Analysis of all the characters studied together with information on these three populations from previous publications allowed a phenogram to be constructed. Two distinct groups were evident, one represented by Santa Catarina and the other by Bahia and Minas Gerais. Considering the greater variability of the Minas Gerais and Bahia populations, we propose the inclusion of these states within the area of origin of P. megistus.
Taiwanese Stories of Dementia

This article explores how Taiwanese people construct and recount their experiences of dementia in factual and fictional stories. It compares the narrative meanings in Taiwanese stories with those of analogous mainland Chinese and Hong Kong accounts. The article finds that the Taiwanese stories differ from their mainland Chinese and Hong Kong counterparts in three ways. First, the onset of dementia is largely an unforeseen calamity for the Taiwanese storytellers, while it is an anticipatable life circumstance for the mainland Chinese and Hong Kong storytellers. Second, the Taiwanese storytellers tend to locate the cause for the deterioration of their elderly family member in illness, while the mainland Chinese and Hong Kong storytellers tend to explain away the deterioration of their elderly family member as normative aging. Third, the Taiwanese storytellers maintain their existing identities when faced with the newfound challenge of family caregiving in dementia, while the mainland Chinese and Hong Kong storytellers commonly appropriate the former culturally embodied identity of the family member whom they now care for.
AntConc: A Learner and Classroom Friendly, Multi-Platform Corpus Analysis Toolkit

AntConc is a freeware, multi-platform, multi-purpose corpus analysis toolkit, designed specifically for use in the classroom. It hosts a comprehensive set of tools including a powerful concordancer, word and keyword frequency generators, tools for cluster and lexical bundle analysis, and a word distribution plot. In this paper, I will describe each of these tools, and explain their value to learners. Then, I will discuss the current limitations of the software, before explaining how I hope it will be improved in future releases.
The Role of Recovery from Work in Work Stress-Related Drinking

Alcohol consumption has been linked to numerous adverse health and well-being outcomes; therefore determining what motivates individuals to drink is of utmost importance. One reason individuals may drink is to cope with work demands and their associated strain. This may be especially relevant for correctional officers (COs) as this occupation has been associated with high levels of job stressors and strain and heavy drinking. Drawing primarily on the job demands-resources and ego depletion models, this study examined how emotional job demands contribute to CO exhaustion and alcohol use. Additionally, interactions between common recovery from work experiences and exhaustion were tested to determine if recovery experiences could serve as a protective influence against work stress-related drinking. Participants were 1,370 correctional officers from 14 correctional facilities within the state of Oregon. Results indicate that exhaustion was positively related to both drinking quantity and drinking frequency and that emotional job demands had significant indirect effects on both types of drinking behaviors through employee exhaustion. The recovery experiences relaxation and detachment significantly moderated the relationship between exhaustion and drinking quantity, but not drinking frequency. Mastery experiences did not influence the strength of the positive relationship between exhaustion and either drinking outcome. These findings suggest that engaging in certain recovery experiences may lead to drinking fewer drinks on days when drinking, however the frequency of those days remains unaffected. RECOVERY AND WORK STRESS-RELATED DRINKING ii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge my committee, Drs. Charlotte Fritz, Cynthia Mohr, and Leslie Hammer, for the opportunities and support they provided throughout this process. I would also like to acknowledge Drs. Craig and Diana Shepherd for their unwavering love and encouragement. RECOVERY AND WORK STRESS-RELATED DRINKING iii
Stimulationsintensitäten in kognitiven Paradigmen

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become an important experimental tool for exploring the brain’s functional anatomy. As TMS interferes with neural activity, the hypothetical function of the stimulated area can thus be tested. One unresolved methodological issue in TMS experiments is the question of how to adequately calibrate stimulation intensities. The motor threshold (MT) is often taken as a reference for individually adapted stimulation intensities in TMS experiments, even if they do not involve the motor system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether it is reasonable to adjust stimulation intensities in each subject to the individual MT if prefrontal regions are stimulated prior to the performance of a cognitive paradigm. Methods and Findings: Repetitive TMS (rTMS) was applied prior to a working memory task, either at the ‘fixed’ intensity of 40% maximum stimulator output (MSO), or individually adapted at 90% of the subject’s MT. Stimulation was applied to a target region in the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (pMFG), as indicated by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) localizer acquired beforehand, or to a control site (vertex). Results show that MT predicted the effect size after stimulating subjects with the fixed intensity (i.e., subjects with a low MT showed a greater behavioral effect). Nevertheless, the individual adaptation of intensities did not lead to stable effects. Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest assessing MT and account for it as a measure for general cortical TMS susceptibility, even if TMS is applied outside the motor domain. Citation: Kaminski JA, Korb FM, Villringer A, Ott DVM (2011) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Intensities in Cognitive Paradigms. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0024836 Editor: Joseph Najbauer, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, United States of America Received April 20, 2011; Accepted August 22, 2011; Published September 29, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Kaminski et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This research was funded by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. JAK’s work was additionally supported with two travel grants from the German National Academic Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: ottd@cbs.mpg. de . These authors contributed equally to this work.
Red tape and transformational leadership: an organizational echelons perspective

Purpose Using the concept red tape, the purpose of this paper is to understand how job context, and especially hierarchical position, shapes the effects of transformational leadership on employee rule perception. Design/methodology/approach A survey of South Korean central government employees across a range of organizations and hierarchical positions is used to capture perception of rule dysfunction and leadership. Hierarchical linear modeling is used to test the hypotheses generated from a review of relevant literature. Findings The analysis suggests that perceived transformational leadership behaviors are associated with weakened perception of rule dysfunction. However, this relationship is relevant only for employees at higher echelons of the organization, which in turn suggests that the rule perception of frontline employees is determined by other factors. Research limitations/implications The principle limitation of this study is its use of cross-sectional data, which precludes the demonstration of causal influence between the dependent and independent variables. Originality/value This study makes several contributions to the literature. Most importantly, while it has been found that characteristics at the organization level influence the effects of transformational leadership, the present study extends this theory to individual job context by incorporating hierarchical level into the analysis.
Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Search Method and Test Sample

In this paper we present results of a pilot study to use imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to search for low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies. For our pilot study we use a test sample of 92 galaxies from the Impey et al. catalog distributed over 93 SDSS fields of the Early Data Release (EDR). Many galaxies from the test sample are either LSB or dwarf galaxies. To deal with the SDSS data most effectively, a new photometry software was created, which is described in this paper. We present the results of the selection algorithms applied to these 93 EDR fields. Two galaxies from the Impey et al. test sample are very likely artifacts, as confirmed by follow-up imaging. With our algorithms we were able to recover 87 of the 90 remaining test sample galaxies, implying a detection rate of ∼96.5%. The three missed galaxies fall too close to very bright stars or galaxies. In addition, 42 new galaxies with parameters similar to the test sample objects were found in these EDR fields (i.e., ∼47% additional galaxies). We present the main photometric parameters of all identified galaxies and carry out first statistical comparisons. We tested the quality of our photometry by comparing the magnitudes for our test sample galaxies and other bright galaxies with values from the literature. All these tests yielded consistent results. We briefly discuss a few unusual galaxies found in our pilot study, including an LSB galaxy with a two-component disk and 10 new giant LSB galaxies.
Central venous port-related infection in patients with malignant tumors: An observational study

Abstract Purpose. We evaluated the characteristics of central venous port (CVP)-related infection with microbiological assessments in patients with malignant tumors. Materials and methods. In a prospective setting, patients with CVP for the treatment of malignant tumors were enrolled in this study. The incidence of CVP-related infection during three months was determined. Microbiological surveillance from skin swab was performed before and after CVP placement. Results. Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in this study, and 60 CVPs were implanted. Thirty-six (61%) patients had head and neck malignancies. Access route was subclavian vein in 43 (71.7%) CVPs and forearm vein in 17 (28.3%). CVP-related infection was observed in three (5.1%) patients: port-pocket infection in one and probable CVP-related infection in two patients, respectively. No definitive CVP-related bloodstream infection was observed. Before the placement of CVP, colonization at the insertion site was observed in ten subclavian CVP patients, while no colonization was observed in the forearm CVP patients. At 1 and 4 weeks, detection rates of colonization were also higher in subclavian CVP patients. No definitive relationship was demonstrated between skin colonization and clinical development of CVP-related infection. Conclusion. The rate of CVP-related infection in this prospective evaluation in patients with malignant tumors was comparable to previous studies. Colonization of the skin was more prominent in the subclavian site than in the forearm site. Although skin colonization was not proven to be a risk factor of infection, these results may draw attention to the adequate maintenance of CVP. (Trial registration: UMIN000003664).
Linkage and association studies of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in juvenile oligoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES Multiple independent juvenile oligoarthritis susceptibility loci have been identified within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), including HLA-A, HLA-DRB1 and an as yet unlocalized effect in the centromeric class I region. The discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) gene resides within this region and codes for a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in regulating cell attachment to collagen, chemotaxis, proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production. DDR1 expression in chondrocytes has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to investigate expression of DDR1 in healthy chondrocytes and to identify linkage and association of this candidate gene with juvenile oligoarthritis. METHODS A set of 135 simplex juvenile idiopathic arthritis families consisting of one affected child and healthy parent(s) and 199 healthy unrelated individuals were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the DDR1 gene using the primer extension SNaPshot trade mark method. Single-point and multipoint transmission disequilibrium tests were carried out with the ETDT and TDTPHASE packages. Allele frequency comparisons between cases and controls were carried out with the chi(2) test. DDR1 expression was investigated in normal articular cartilage by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence methods. RESULTS No linkage and association with any of the six SNPs or their haplotypic combinations were observed in the families studied. No significant differences were observed in allele frequencies between patients and controls. DDR1 expression was found in normal articular cartilage by RT-PCR and by immunofluorescence. CONCLUSIONS The DDR1 SNPs examined are not involved in susceptibility to juvenile oligoarthritis.
Body image, health, and physical activity in pregnant women : a composite analysis

Women’s appearances are often judged by stringent, societal expectations, notably that of the thin-ideal. Pregnancy presents a definitive, yet naturally-occurring deviation from this norm. Research findings on how pregnant women cope with bodily changes however, are equivocal. Some feel protected from appearance-related concerns, whilst others experience increased body dissatisfaction. The aim of the present research was to build a composite understanding of factors that have an influence on body image attitudes and coping strategies in nulliparous women. Underpinned by a new realist and pragmatic approach, the research comprised of qualitative and quantitative components. The first aim was to explore messages about the pregnant body, and the role of exercise in UK magazines and online news sites. A qualitative, thematic examination of articles revealed a stark “invisibility” of the pregnant body in fashion magazines and a disparity in exercise messages and bodily portrayals among news and magazine publications. Overwhelmingly, beauty equated with the thin-ideal, not the pregnant body in news sites and fashion magazines. Study 1’s findings and existing pregnancy research guided Study 2; an exploration of women’s thoughts about their pregnant bodies, the role of exercise, and media-related, bodily descriptions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine pregnant women. Thematic analysis revealed that although women accepted their pregnant bodies, they experienced unwelcomed appearance-related comments, comparisons, and physical contact by others. Their pregnant bodies were perceived as being persistently scrutinised. Finally, a quantitative exploration of appearance-related experiences was conducted, using an online questionnaire administered to 181 pregnant women. Guided by Cash’s (2011a) theoretical model, a multitude of complex factors were examined using path analysis. The model revealed that body appreciation / acceptance, body shame and surveillance, fitness / health attitudes, and appearance evaluation / investment were influenced by historical (e.g., self-esteem, public self-consciousness) and proximal factors (e.g., social comparison). Exercise participation, clothing for concealment, and avoidance / fixing behaviours were associated with shame and surveillance, appearance comparisons, and physical discomforts in pregnancy. The present research indicates that women experience complex appearance- and fitness-related issues in pregnancy. The research concludes by highlighting the importance of nurturing self-esteem in pregnancy to increase body confidence and protect against negative coping strategies through the transition towards motherhood.