Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wide-Area Fault Location of Transmission Lines by Hybrid Synchronized/Unsynchronized Voltage Measurements

Global positioning system (GPS) has been deployed in phasor measurement units and protective relays to provide synchronized measurements across the grid. Synchronized measurements, however, may not be available throughout the network either due to GPS signal loss (GSL) or basically lack of required infrastructure for synchronized sampling. This paper presents a novel method for wide-area fault location incorporating both synchronized and unsynchronized voltage measurements. Complex calculus is utilized to develop a system of equations based on phase angles of synchronized measurements and magnitudes of both synchronized and unsynchronized measurements. The distributed-parameter model of the transmission lines are considered and therefore the obtained results are also valid for long transmission lines. Moreover, the proposed formulation locates the fault irrespective of fault type. Electromagnetic transient simulations for WSCC 9-bus and a 22-bus sub-network of the IEEE 118-bus test system reveal that in the face of GSL, unsynchronized measurements significantly improve fault-location estimation when the synchronized measurements are sparse.
Managerial Ties and Exploratory Innovation: An Opportunity-Motivation-Ability Perspective

Drawing on the opportunity-motivation-ability perspective, this study examines the linkages of business and political ties to exploratory innovation, and explores the joint moderating effects of innovation orientation and absorptive capacity on the linkages. It finds that the positive linkage between business ties and exploratory innovation is jointly strengthened by innovation orientation and absorptive capacity, while the insignificant linkage of political ties to exploratory innovation is moderated negatively by the interaction of innovation orientation and absorptive capacity. This study enriches the discipline's knowledge on the antecedents of exploratory innovation. Moreover, it contextualizes the effects of managerial ties on an important but overlooked type of innovation—exploratory innovation—and illustrates how a firm can integrate managerial ties with innovation orientation and absorptive capacity to realize their implications for exploratory innovation, which advances our understanding of the relationships between managerial ties and firm innovations.
Effects of stocking density on growth performance, meat quality and tibia development of Pekin ducks.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of stocking density on performance, meat quality and tibia development in Pekin ducks reared on a plastic wire floor. A total of 372 healthy, 21-day-old, male ducks with similar body weight (BW) were randomly allotted to stocking densities of five (low), eight (medium) and 11 (high) birds/m2 . Each group had six replicates. Results showed that compared with the low density group, medium and high stocking density caused a decrease in final BW at 42 days old, and in average daily gain, European performance index (p < .01) and meat pH at 45 min postmortem (p < .001), and an increase of meat drip loss (p < .01). High stocking density resulted in an increase of feed/gain ratio (p < .001), but a decrease of tibia calcium (p < .01) and phosphorus content (p < .05). Meat color, shear force values, tibia size (weight, length, and width) and breaking strength were not significantly influenced by stocking density. In conclusion, stocking density over eight birds/m2 negatively affects growth performance, but meat quality and tibia development are not dramatically influenced. Based on this study, the stocking density of male Pekin ducks should be adjusted between five and eight birds/m2 .
Experimental investigation of the correlation between surface roughness and tool-life in micromilling

ABSTRACT Rapid tool-wear and unpredictable tool-failure is a major concern in micromilling operation. Failure of the tool in mid-way of machining may even lead to the discarding of the work-piece. Predicting tool-failure is necessary to avoid such damages. Several attempts have been made to study the effects of operating parameters on surface roughness during micromilling. However, not enough works relating the tool-life with roughness have been reported so far, and hence is the focus of this work. In this regard, experiments were conducted on SS304 using two-fluted WC end mills of diameter 500 μm under a single set of process parameters until tool-breakage. The feed-rate, rotational speed and depth of cut were 3 μm/flute, 50,000RPM and 50 μm respectively. Life varied for each tool at the same cutting and geometric parameters which is one of the characteristics of micromilling process. However, roughness variation with percentage tool-life gives an insight into using roughness as an indicator of tool-life. A random behavior of roughness was observed whenever the tool-tip was sharp and a constant roughness was observed when the tool was round. The broken tool analysis reveals similar breakage of all tools.
The Effect of Predictability of Visual Motion from Motor Commands on the Recognition Process of Self-Attribution

The recognition process of self-attribution, which is mainly caused by congruence between visual and proprioceptive information and between visual information and prediction from motor commands, has been extensively studied. However, it is still unclear as to which congruence plays the primary role in the process during the voluntary movements. We conducted a user study that distinguishes proprioceptive information and prediction from motor commands by displaying the modified images of the participants' hands in various rotation angles; this introduced the conflict between visual and proprioceptive information. The hand motions of the participants were restricted so that they could predict the visual motion of the images of their hands by the motor command even while the images were rotated. The result indicates that motion prediction plays a primary role in the recognition process of self-attribution, and this predictability depends on the motion pattern and appearance of the hand images.
Obesity paradox in cancer: new insights provided by body composition.

BACKGROUND Obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), appears to have a paradoxical protective effect in several chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE We investigated the obesity paradox in cancer patients by using body composition. DESIGN The study was an observational study of 175 cancer patients assessed before chemotherapy. Obesity was defined as BMI (in kg/m(2)) ≥30 or fat mass index (FMI; fat mass divided by the square of height) ≥5.2 (men) and ≥8.2 (women) measured by using a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Low muscle mass (sarcopenia) was defined as fat-free mass index (fat-free mass divided by the square of height) <17.5 (men) and <15.1 (women). RESULTS Most patients were women (65.7%) and had a mean (±SD) age of 56.9 ± 12.8 y. According to BMI criteria, 60% of patients were overweight or obese. The median survival time for overweight (2.64 y; range: 0.23-3.16 y) and obese (2.61 y; range: 0.26-3.20 y) patients was significantly higher than for patients with a normal (2.04 y; range: 0.06-3.05 y) or low (0.52 y; range: 0.19-0.98 y) BMI (P < 0.001). Sarcopenic patients had shorter survival, regardless of their FMI. Obesity predicted higher survival rates only when sarcopenia was absent. In a multivariate Cox regression model, sarcopenia was an independent predictor of higher mortality (HR: 5.19; 95% CI: 2.58, 10.43) after we controlled for BMI, age, and tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS The obesity paradox is present in cancer patients only when obesity is defined by BMI. Patients with sarcopenic obesity had the poorest prognosis. Cancer patients with high mortality risk can be identified by a body-composition assessment.
A Negative Low-Voltage Power Supply Integrated With High-Voltage Devices

A negative low-voltage power supply with the highest positive potential as reference is proposed in this paper. The proposed power supply is integrated with high-voltage devices. When the high-voltage devices are applied as a switch, negative low-voltage pulses are first produced from the positive high voltage applied on devices by using the designed junction termination of the devices. Then, a stable negative power voltage is finally produced from the negative low-voltage pulses by using a designed low-voltage circuit (LVC) that consists of pMOS and capacitors. The mechanism of the proposed power supply is verified using an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) device, whose junction termination is realized by the optimum variation lateral doping technique [breakdown voltage (BV) = 2100 V]. The simulation results show that the power supply can achieve a stable value of −6.2 V whenever the IGBT is operated at 500 or 1500 V. Moreover, an experimental sample of LVC is fabricated using a 0.5- $\mu \text{m}$ BiCMOS process. The transient experiments confirm that LVC can convert negative voltage pulses with different periods and amplitudes to a stable negative low voltage. The steady-state experiments show that the input BV of LVC is 57 V and its output voltages can be adjusted from −2 to −14.5 V.
Performance evaluation of rate-aware multiuser two-way fixed gain relay networks

In this paper, we study the performance of multiuser two-way relaying (TWR) system in cellular environment, wherein an Na-antenna base station (BS) wants to exchange information bidirectionally with one of the several single-antenna users (USs) with the aid of a fixed gain single-antenna relay terminal under different target rate requirements. In particular, we employ maximal ratio transmission (MRT)/maximal ratio combining (MRC) beamforming (BF) at the BS with user scheduling that maximizes the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We deduce a new expression for the exact overall outage probability (OOP) of the considered system under independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels. Moreover, we also derive a closed-form expression for the sum symbol error rate (SSER) to analyze the system error performance under various modulation schemes. Finally, the analytical findings are validated by the numerical and simulation results, and reveals that the diversity order of the considered system is independent of traffic asymmetry and decided by the minimum of the number of BS antennas and the number of USs.
Effects of helicity on Lagrangian and Eulerian time correlations in turbulence

Taylor series expansions of turbulent time correlation functions are applied to show that although to second order, helicity does not affect Lagrangian time correlations, the corresponding helicity effect on Eulerian time correlations is nonzero. This result is applied to two problems in which Eulerian time correlations are relevant: sound radiation and scattering by turbulence. Helicity shifts radiated sound to lower frequencies and increases the angle between scattered and incident sound waves.
Cell Interactions and Patterned Intercalations Shape and Link Epithelial Tubes in C. elegans

Many animal organs are composed largely or entirely of polarized epithelial tubes, and the formation of complex organ systems, such as the digestive or vascular systems, requires that separate tubes link with a common polarity. The Caenorhabditis elegans digestive tract consists primarily of three interconnected tubes—the pharynx, valve, and intestine—and provides a simple model for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms used to form and connect epithelial tubes. Here, we use live imaging and 3D reconstructions of developing cells to examine tube formation. The three tubes develop from a pharynx/valve primordium and a separate intestine primordium. Cells in the pharynx/valve primordium polarize and become wedge-shaped, transforming the primordium into a cylindrical cyst centered on the future lumenal axis. For continuity of the digestive tract, valve cells must have the same, radial axis of apicobasal polarity as adjacent intestinal cells. We show that intestinal cells contribute to valve cell polarity by restricting the distribution of a polarizing cue, laminin. After developing apicobasal polarity, many pharyngeal and valve cells appear to explore their neighborhoods through lateral, actin-rich lamellipodia. For a subset of cells, these lamellipodia precede more extensive intercalations that create the valve. Formation of the valve tube begins when two valve cells become embedded at the left-right boundary of the intestinal primordium. Other valve cells organize symmetrically around these two cells, and wrap partially or completely around the orthogonal, lumenal axis, thus extruding a small valve tube from the larger cyst. We show that the transcription factors DIE-1 and EGL-43/EVI1 regulate cell intercalations and cell fates during valve formation, and that the Notch pathway is required to establish the proper boundary between the pharyngeal and valve tubes.
Psychological assessment of primary aldosteronism: a controlled study.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate psychological correlates in a population with primary aldosteronism (PA) using methods found to be sensitive and reliable in psychosomatic research. METHODS Twenty-three PA patients (12 male, 11 female; mean age 50 ± 9 yr) were compared with 23 patients with essential hypertension (EH) (15 male, eight female; mean age 47 ± 8 yr) and 23 matched normotensive subjects. A modified version of the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, a shortened version of the structured interview for the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research, and two self-rating questionnaires, the Psychosocial Index and the Symptom Questionnaire, were administered. RESULTS Twelve of 23 patients with PA (52.2%) suffered from an anxiety disorder compared with four of 23 with EH (17.4%) and one control (4.3%) (P < 0.001). Generalized anxiety disorder was more frequent in PA than in EH patients and controls (P < 0.05). As assessed by Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research, irritable mood was more frequent in PA and EH compared with controls (P < 0.05) but did not differentiate PA from EH. According to Psychosocial Index results, patients with PA had higher levels of stress (P < 0.01) and psychological distress (P < 0.01) and lower level of well-being (P < 0.05) than controls. Compared with EH patients, PA patients had higher scores in stress subscale (P < 0.05). The Symptom Questionnaire showed higher levels of anxiety (P < 0.01), depression (P < 0.01) and somatization (P < 0.01) and lower physical well-being (P < 0.05) in PA than controls. CONCLUSION A role of mineralocorticoid regulatory mechanisms in clinical situations concerned with anxiety and stress is suggested.
Physiological changes in human cardiac sympathetic innervation and activity assessed by (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIGB) imaging.

BACKGROUND Physiologic changes in the human sympathetic nervous system (SNS) may be associated with cardiovascular diseases, so the present study assessed the age and gender differences in global cardiac SNS in normal subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The 163 subjects (74 men, 89 women; age range 40-89 years) whose coronary arteriogram was normal, and who had no other cardiac or neurohormonal diseases, and no medication affecting the autonomic nervous system were included. All study subjects underwent metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging. Both initial and delayed heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratios had a significant gender difference and showed a progressive decrease with aging. In addition, the initial H/M ratio had a significant positive correlation with the delayed H/M ratio (r=0.89, P<0.0001). Females (50-59 years) demonstrated significantly higher delayed H/M ratio than males of the same age. After the age of 60, the delayed H/M ratio in females progressively decreased with aging, similar to males. As for the washout rate, both genders had a significantly progressive increase with aging. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the delayed H/M ratio in 10 females with surgical menopause compared with 15 age-matched females without surgical menopause. CONCLUSION Cardiac SNS appears to be regulated by various physiological factors.
A Survey of Image-Based Techniques for Hair Modeling

With the tremendous performance increase of today’s graphics technologies, visual details of digital humans in games, online virtual worlds, and virtual reality applications are becoming significantly more demanding. Hair is a vital component of a person’s identity and can provide strong cues about age, background, and even personality. More and more researchers focus on hair modeling in the fields of computer graphics and virtual reality. Traditional methods are physics-based simulation by setting different parameters. The computation is expensive, and the constructing process is non-intuitive, difficult to control. Conversely, image-based methods have the advantages of fast modeling and high fidelity. This paper surveys the state of the art in the major topics of image-based techniques for hair modeling, including single-view hair modeling, static hair modeling from multiple images, video-based dynamic hair modeling, and the editing and reusing of hair modeling results. We first summarize the single-view approaches, which can be divided into the orientation-field and data-driven-based methods. The static methods from multiple images and dynamic methods are then reviewed in Sections III and IV. In Section V, we also review the editing and reusing of hair modeling results. The future development trends and challenges of image-based methods are proposed in the end.
Apoptotic and proliferative defects characterize ocular development in a microphthalmic BMP model.

PURPOSE Vision is critically dependent on ocular size, which is regulated by environmental and genetic factors. Mutation of human Growth and Differentiation Factor 6 (GDF6) or zebrafish gdf6a results in a spectrum of small eye phenotypes (microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma). However, current models do not explain their etiology fully. As such, analyses of apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were undertaken in a zebrafish gdf6a mutant. METHODS Microarray analysis was performed at 2 days after fertilization to uncover novel gdf6a-dependent cell cycle regulators. Altered expression of Gdf6a targets was confirmed by in situ hybridization, and resulting changes in cell proliferation were assessed by phosphohistone H3 immunohistochemistry. Analysis of apoptosis was evaluated through activated Caspase 3 immunohistochemistry and chemical inhibitors of cell death. RESULTS Reduced numbers of retinal progenitor cells are observed at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf), resulting in microphthalmic eyes in gdf6a(-/-) embryos. At 28 hpf, a wave of apoptosis occurs; however, apoptosis inhibition does not rescue eye size, indicating a limited contribution. Mutants display altered proliferation and expression levels of cell cycle regulators, including members of the forkhead box i (foxi) transcription factor family expressed in the ciliary marginal zone. Notably, inhibition of foxi2 in gdf6a(-/-) embryos further reduces eye size. CONCLUSIONS These data support a model whereby the gdf6a(-/-)-induced microphthalmia is based on early regulation of retinal progenitor cell number, and later by regulation of proliferation in the ciliary marginal zone. Foxi genes represent downstream effectors of Gdf6a function in the CMZ required for eye size determination.
Characterization of conditional state-engineering quantum processes by coherent state quantum process tomography

Conditional quantum optical processes enable a wide range of technologies from generation of highly non-classical states to implementation of quantum logic operations. The process fidelity that can be achieved in a realistic implementation depends on a number of system parameters. Here we experimentally examine Fock state filtration, a canonical example of a broad class of conditional quantum operations acting on a single optical field mode. This operation is based upon interference of the mode to be manipulated with an auxiliary single-photon state at a beam splitter, resulting in the entanglement of the two output modes. A conditional projective measurement onto a single photon state at one output mode heralds the success of the process. This operation, which implements a measurement-induced nonlinearity, is capable of suppressing particular photon-number probability amplitudes of an arbitrary quantum state. We employ coherent-state process tomography to determine the precise operation realized in our experiment, which is mathematically represented by a process tensor. To identify the key sources of experimental imperfection, we develop a realistic model of the process and identify three main contributions that significantly hamper its efficacy. The experimentally reconstructed process tensor is compared with the model, yielding a fidelity better than 0.95. This enables us to identify three key challenges to overcome in realizing a filter with optimal performance—namely the single-photon nature of the auxiliary state, high mode overlap of the optical fields involved, and the need for photon-number-resolving detection when heralding. The results show that the filter does indeed exhibit a non-linear response as a function of input photon number and preserves the phase relation between Fock layers of the output state, providing promise for future applications.
Quantum coherence in ion channels: resonances, transport and verification

Recently it was demonstrated that long-lived quantum coherence exists during excitation energy transport in photosynthesis. It is a valid question up to which length, time and mass scales quantum coherence may extend, how one may detect this coherence and what, if any, role it plays in the dynamics of the system. Here we suggest that the selectivity filter of ion channels may exhibit quantum coherence, which might be relevant for the process of ion selectivity and conduction. We show that quantum resonances could provide an alternative approach to ultrafast two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy to probe these quantum coherences. We demonstrate that the emergence of resonances in the conduction of ion channels that are modulated periodically by time-dependent external electric fields can serve as signatures of quantum coherence in such a system. Assessments of experimental feasibility and specific paths towards the experimental realization of such experiments are presented.
Make Yourself at Phone: Reimagining Mobile Interaction Architectures With Emergent Users

We present APPropriate -- a novel mobile design to allow users to temporarily annex any Android device for their own use. APPropriate is a small, cheap storage pod, designed to be easily carried in a pocket or hidden within clothing. Its purpose is simple: to hold a copy of the local content an owner has on their mobile, liberating them from carrying a phone, or allowing them to use another device that provides advantages over their own. Picking up another device when carrying APPropriate transfers all pertinent content to the borrowed device (using local no-cost WiFi from the APPropriate device), transforming it to give the impression that they are using their own phone. While APPropriate is useful for a wide range of contexts, the design was envisaged through a co-design process with resource-constrained emergent users in three countries. Lab studies and a subsequent deployment on participants' own devices identified key benefits of the approach in these contexts, including for security, resource sharing, and privacy.