Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathways to retirement: A career stage analysis of retirement age expectations

In western economies with aging populations, organizations are increasingly challenged to understand and manage employees’ retirement expectations. At the same time, employees’ relationships to retirement decisions and the age at which they expect to retire are likely to change as their careers unfold. This article seeks to inform the careers and management literatures on factors contributing to retirement intentions at different career stages. Using a sample of mid- and late career professionals with MBAs, we find that mid-career professionals expect to retire three years earlier than those in late career (age 62 versus age 65.) Work centrality is associated with intentions to retire later, while positive retirement attitudes and higher income are associated with intentions to retire earlier. Furthermore, the expected retirement age is more sensitive to income at mid-career (than at late career) and is more sensitive to work centrality at late career (than at mid-career). We discuss implications for careers research and for human resource management practice.
Direct Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Clinical and Radiological Outcomes

Objective According to the recent development of minimally invasive spinal surgery, direct lumbar interbody fusion (DLIF) was introduced as an effective option to treat lumbar degenerative diseases. However, comprehensive results of DLIF have not been reported in Korea yet. The object of this study is to summarize radiological and clinical outcomes of our DLIF experience. Methods We performed DLIF for 130 patients from May 2011 to June 2013. Among them, 90 patients, who could be followed up for more than 6 months, were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical outcomes were compared using visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Bilateral foramen areas, disc height, segmental coronal and sagittal angle, and regional sagittal angle were measured. Additionally, fusion rate was assessed. Results A total of 90 patients, 116 levels, were underwent DLIF. The VAS and ODI improved statistically significant after surgery. All the approaches for DLIF were done on the left side. The left and right side foramen area changed from 99.5 mm2 and 102.9 mm2 to 159.2 mm2 and 151.2 mm2 postoperatively (p<0.001). Pre- and postoperative segmental coronal and sagittal angles changed statistically significant from 4.1° and 9.9° to 1.1° and 11.1°. Fusion rates of 6 and 12 months were 60.9% and 87.8%. Complications occurred in 17 patients (18.9%). However, most of the complications were resolved within 2 months. Conclusion DLIF is not only effective for indirect decompression and deformity correction but also shows satisfactory mechanical stability and fusion rate.
Alogliptin in combination with metformin and pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Alogliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor recently marketed for once-daily administration in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fixed-dose combinations of alogliptin with both metformin and pioglitazone are also commercially available, providing a measure of convenience in addition to an effective mode of delivering combination therapy to improve glycemic control. Alogliptin has been studied clinically as initial therapy in treatment-naïve patients with T2DM and as initial therapy or add-on in combination with other antidiabetic agents. Clinical trial data with alogliptin demonstrate clinical efficacy in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose reductions when used both as monotherapy and as a component of two- or three-drug combination regimens for the treatment of T2DM. Extensive Phase II and Phase III clinical trial data support the use of alogliptin in combination with metformin and pioglitazone. Glycemic reduction with both combinations is similar to the sum of the respective monotherapies, with adverse event rates similar – or more moderate – than those observed with up-titration of monotherapy or the addition of other antihyperglycemic agents.
Fitting and Evaluating a Hearing Aid for Recipients of a Unilateral Cochlear Implant : The NAL Approach Part 1 . Hearing Aid Prescription

Research on Amplification Requirements and Validation In conjunction with the Children’s Cochlear Implant Centre in Sydney, NAL investigated the amplification requirements of 16 children who received unilateral cochlear implants and continued to use a hearing aid in the non-implanted ear. This research determined the best frequency response for understanding speech by using a paired-comparisons procedure. The gain required to equate loudness of speech between ears was determined by using a loudness balancing test. Four alternative frequency responses were used: 1) the NAL response, 2) a response that provided relatively more low-frequency emphasis, 3) a response that provided relatively more high-frequency emphasis, and 4) a response derived on the basis of equating loudness of warble tones in octave bands. These responses were compared in a round-robin fashion. The subjects were required to identify the response that amplified speech for the best intelligibility. The results show that, for all but 4 children, the preFitting and Evaluating a Hearing Aid for Recipients of a Unilateral Cochlear Implant: The NAL Approach
Threats, Bluffs, and Disclaimers in Negotiations

Abstract In a buyer-seller simulation within two negotiation periods, we examined the attitudinal and behavioral consequences of variations in the communication of threats. Specifically, we examined the consequences of receiving no threat or a threat stated with, versus without, a disclaimer. In addition, we examined changes in subjects′ evaluations of their partner and negotiation outcomes after some were led to believe their partner had stated a false threat (a "bluff"). As expected, we found that while negotiators who used threats were perceived as more powerful, they were also perceived as less cooperative and achieved less integrative agreements than those who did not use threats. In addition, when information (allegedly from a constituent) identified the threat as a bluff, we found that the disclaimer lessened the negativity of re-evaluations of the negotiation partner. Taken together, our findings suggest that current theory regarding the effect of threats and bluffs in negotiation needs to be qualified by how these tactics are stated. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Exploring Exploration Orientation and its Determinants: Some Empirical Evidence

Adopting an information-process perspective, this article conceptualizes exploration orientation in terms of scope of information acquisition. In line with this conceptualization, a multidimensional operational measure of exploration orientation is developed and its internal consistency established. The measure appears to have nomological validity in that it behaves as predicted with measures of variables hypothesized to be related to exploration orientation. Consistent with the emerging co-evolution framework, environmental pressures as well as managerial intentions are found to influence an organization's exploration behaviour. Specifically, empirical results indicate that more environmental dynamism, a stronger organization mission, a prospector orientation and larger slack resources are associated with a greater exploration orientation. Implications, shortcomings and future research directions are discussed.
Farnesoid X Receptor, through the Binding with Steroidogenic Factor 1-responsive Element, Inhibits Aromatase Expression in Tumor Leydig Cells*

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates bile acid homeostasis. It is expressed in the liver and the gastrointestinal tract, but also in several non-enterohepatic tissues including testis. Recently, FXR was identified as a negative modulator of the androgen-estrogen-converting aromatase enzyme in human breast cancer cells. In the present study we detected the expression of FXR in Leydig normal and tumor cell lines and in rat testes tissue. We found, in rat Leydig tumor cells, R2C, that FXR activation by the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or a synthetic agonist GW4064, through a SHP-independent mechanism, down-regulates aromatase expression in terms of mRNA, protein levels, and its enzymatic activity. Transient transfection experiments, using vector containing rat aromatase promoter PII, evidenced that CDCA reduces basal aromatase promoter activity. Mutagenesis studies, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveal that FXR is able to compete with steroidogenic factor 1 in binding to a common sequence present in the aromatase promoter region interfering negatively with its activity. Finally, the FXR-mediated anti-proliferative effects exerted by CDCA on tumor Leydig cells are at least in part due to an inhibition of estrogen-dependent cell growth. In conclusion our findings identify for the first time the activators of FXR as negative modulators of the aromatase enzyme in Leydig tumor cell lines.
Cognitive processes in music performance anxiety

Music performance anxiety has been investigated either as a discrete phenomenon, or as a variant of social phobia. This study examined the theoretical adequacy of establishing music performance anxiety as a subtype of social phobia, using Rapee and Heimberg's (1997) model of anxiety in social-evaluative situations to account for the cognitions experienced by anxious individuals in solo musical performances. Similarities between the two phenomena in terms of important cognitive processes were revealed in a sample of 84 musicians. The two cognitive constructs in the model deemed to be critical to social phobia were also the only two constructs predicting music performance anxiety. It is concluded that social phobic models may provide a valid account of the cognitive processes occurring in music performance anxiety. These results are combined with additional epidemiological and etiological information in a cognitive conceptualisation of music performance anxiety.
Cleansing the Soul by Hurting the Flesh

Pain purifies. History is replete with examples of ritualized or self-inflicted pain aimed at achieving purification (Glucklich, 2001). Some people feel that they can achieve reparation for their sins by simply experiencing pain; this may be why seeking self-punishment is a basic response to feelings of guilt (Freud, 1916/1957; Nelissen & Zeelenberg, 2009). Why are pain and suffering believed to serve as atonement for sin? One reason may be that the experience of physical pain alleviates feelings of guilt associated with immoral behavior (Tangney, Stuewig, & Mashek, 2007). There has been very little research on the psychological benefits of experiencing pain. We tested two hypotheses relating to when and why people are likely to be motivated to experience pain—that people should be more motivated to subject themselves to a painful experience when they are reminded of their own immoral deeds, and that the experience of pain should reduce feelings of guilt.
Reengineering History: Social Resonances and Business Process Reengineering

Reengineering has rapidly become the business buzzword of the early 1990s. This examination of the reengineering phenomenon sets out to consider the extent to which it is a new model for organizational change and offers some suggestions as to why it appears to have become so popular. It disputes some claims to novelty and internal coherence and argues that explanations for reengineering's popularity might be sought through an externalist rather than an internalist account. That is, that its popularity might best be explained not by considering the uniqueness or 'inherent' rationality of the ideas involved, an 'internalist' account, but rather through the ways in which the purveyors of reengineering manage, in and through their accounts, to construct a series of sympathetic 'resonances' or compatibilities, an 'externalist' account. These are construed to exist between their ideas and popular opinion, or zeitgeist, and also between the novelty of the ideas and the cultural antecedents.
The Diffusion of Ideas over Contested Terrain: The (Non)adoption of a Shareholder Value Orientation among German Firms

This study offers a sociopolitical perspective on the international spread of corporate governance models. We unpack the heterogeneity of interests and preferences across and within types of shareholders and senior managers over time in an analysis of the adoption of a shareholder value orientation among contemporary German firms. Using extensive data on more than 100 of the largest publicly traded German companies from 1990 to 2000, we find that the influence of major shareholder groups (e.g., banks, industrial corporations, governments, and families) and senior manager types (differing educational backgrounds and ages) can be clearly observed only after redefining these key actors according to common interests and preferences. We also find evidence that German firms engage in decoupling by espousing but not implementing a shareholder value orientation but show that the presence of more powerful and more committed key actors reduces the likelihood of decoupling. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on symbolic management, the diffusion of corporate practices, and the debate over the convergence of national governance systems. *
Modeling pronunciation variation for spontaneous speech synthesis

Integration of pronunciation modeling into speech synthesis makes synthetic speech more natural and colloquial. Pronunciation variation as one observable effect in spontaneous speech is a step towards spontaneous speech synthesis. In the previous works (see Proc. ICASSP, vol.1, p.417-20, Orlando, FL, USA, 2002 and Proc. ICASSP, Hong Kong, PR China, Apr. 2003) we introduced different duration control methods in speech synthesis. These methods are based on the observation that words, which are very likely to occur in a given context are pronounced faster and less accurately than improbable ones (see D. Jurafsky et al., Proc. ICASSP, vol.2, p.801-4, Salt Lake City, USA, 2001). Therefore we use the probability of a word in its context to either control directly the local speaking rate, or to select appropriate pronunciation variants in order to change the local speaking rate. Extending these methods by a pronunciation sequence model, we involve knowledge about how well two subsequent variants fit together. Using this proposed algorithm we could further improve the natural and colloquial listening impressions.
Exploring the Changing Face of Adequacy

Adequacy is a derived concept whose origins in the school finance literature probably stem from San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973), a landmark federal case. Although there is often a recycling of definitions, 3 decades later, there is still little consensus on how to operationalize that concept. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the different conceptualizations of adequacy and to document its evolution in the field. A critical historical mapping lays the groundwork for highlighting the future direction of research. This article relies on economical, sociological, and legally based perspectives, framing the discussion of adequacy around the notions of (a) adequacy of educational inputs, (b) adequacy in school processes, and (c) adequacy of educational outputs. Each focus draws on school-centered explanations of differences in attainment. Consequently, adequacy research looks largely at how policymakers can appropriately divide resources among schools (and ultimately students) to achieve desired results. There is a long-established focus in the literature on the appropriate levels of inputs and outputs in discussions of the adequacy of the education production function. Largely missing from that discussion, however, is a more detailed examination of the adequacy of the process, which speaks to the capacity of institutions to meet various standards set.
Effectiveness of alcohol treatment interventions integrated into routine tuberculosis care in Tomsk, Russia.

AIMS To test the feasibility and effectiveness of brief counseling intervention (BCI) and naltrexone integrated into tuberculosis (TB) care in Tomsk, Russia. DESIGN Using a factorial randomized controlled trial design, patients were randomized into: naltrexone (NTX), brief behavioral compliance enhancement therapy (BBCET), treatment as usual (TAU) and BCI. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS In the Tomsk Oblast, hospitalized TB patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) by the DSM-IV were referred at the start of TB treatment. Of the 196 participants, the mean age was 41 years and 82% were male. Severe TB (84.7% had cavitary disease) and smoking (92.9%) were common. The majority had a diagnosis of an AUD (63.0%); 27.6% reported nearly daily drinking and consumed a median of 16 standard drinks per day. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcomes were 'favorable' TB outcome (cured, completed treatment) and change in mean number of abstinent days in the last month of study compared with baseline. Change in mean number of heavy drinking days, defined as four drinks per day and five drinks per day for women and men, respectively, and TB adherence, measured as percentage of doses taken as prescribed under direct observation, were secondary outcomes. Analysis based on 'intention-to-treat' was performed for multivariable analysis. FINDINGS Primary TB and alcohol end-points between naltrexone and no-naltrexone or BCI and no-BCI groups did not differ significantly. TB treatment adherence and change in number of heavy drinking days also did not differ significantly among treatment arms. Among individuals with a prior quitting attempt (n = 111), naltrexone use was associated with an increased likelihood of favorable TB outcomes (92.3% versus 75.9%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In Tomsk Oblast, Russia, tuberculosis patients with severe alcohol use disorders who were not seeking alcohol treatment did not respond to naltrexone or behavioral counselling integrated into tuberculosis care; however, those patients with past attempts to quit drinking had improved tuberculosis outcomes.
A model for managing collections of patterns

Data mining algorithms are now able to efficiently deal with huge amount of data. Various kinds of patterns may be discovered and may have some great impact on the general development of knowledge. In many domains, end users may want to have their data mined by data mining tools in order to extract patterns that could impact their business. Nevertheless, those users are often overwhelmed by the large quantity of patterns extracted in such a situation. Moreover, some privacy issues, or some commercial one may lead the users not to be able to mine the data by themselves. Thus, the users may not have the possibility to perform many experiments integrating various constraints in order to focus on specific patterns they would like to extract. Post processing of patterns may be an answer to that drawback. Thus, in this paper we present a framework that could allow end users to manage collections of patterns. We propose to use an efficient data structure on which some algebraic operators may be used in order to retrieve or access patterns in pattern bases.
The sense of an ending: A case of prosodic delay

Studies of normal and atypical prosodic development show that some children learning English invariably locate the main prosodic prominence at the end of the utterance, even though the main focus of information may come earlier. A case study is presented of David, a speech- and language-impaired child from the West Midlands of England who displayed this prosodic pattern at the age of 5, but not a year later. Since marked prosodic differences exist between the regional accent that he is exposed to and other varieties of English, David's prosodic behaviour is compared to that of adults and children speaking the same West Midlands variety. The analysis draws on techniques developed within conversation analysis to explore the relationship between prosodic detail and interactional behaviour. It is argued that, in order to maintain conversational interaction, children such as David may be using their prosodic resources to delimit unambiguously the end of their turn at talk, and that this is at the expense of cl.
Preparation for the First Year of Teaching: Beginning Teachers' Views about Their Needs

In this study we asked beginning elementary teachers about their needs as first-year teachers and the adequacy of their preservice program in helping to meet them. The new teachers varied in satisfaction with their preparation but showed considerable consensus on their needs. They felt the study of both theory and practice should be conducted in depth and focused on certain key areas. The main areas mentioned included comprehensive planning for the whole year, how to set up the program, assessment and evaluation, and implementation of effective group work.
Deception by Implication: An Experimental Investigation

A computer-based measurement procedure was developed to assess the deceptive effects of advertising claims. The study investigated various message forms identified in past research as having the potential to deceive the consumer by implying unrealistically high levels of brand attribute performance. Deception was assessed by comparing consumer responses to the questionable claims against responses to the presentation of no attribute information and true information. Results across a set of computer-constructed ads for hypothetical ibuprophen-based brands of pain reliever showed that expansions of literally true claims, and, to a lesser extent, qualified expansionary claims, increased false brand attribute beliefs, affect, and purchase intentions in comparison to the control conditions. Implications for the detection of deceptive advertising claims are drawn.
Influence of Primary Performance Instrument and Education Level on Music Performance Evaluation

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact that education level and primary performance instrument have on the evaluation of music performances. Participants (N = 423) in the study were middle school (n = 187), high school (n = 113), and college (n = 123) musicians who performed on either a brass (n = 115) or a nonbrass (n = 301) instrument. They listened to six junior high trumpet performances by players of various abilities. Results indicated statistically significant findings on six of seven performance subareas for the interaction of education level and performer, and significant main effects for performance instrument, education level, and performer. For many subarea-by-performer interactions, middle and high school students rated performances lower than did college students. In all performance areas (except melodic accuracy), there was a strong lack of influence for instrument (brass, nonbrass) on evaluation. The results suggest that it may be prudent to incorporate activities that help develop evaluation skills in middle and high school instrumental rehearsals.