Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Related Risk Factors for Injury Severity of E-bike and Bicycle Crashes in Hefei

Objective: To explore the related risk factors of injuries caused by e-bike and bicycle crashes in Hefei, Anhui. Methods: Between June 2009 and June 2011, the records of injuries were triggered by e-bike and bicycle crashes in Hefei maintained by 105th Hospital of PLA. A form was designed to document patient age, gender, road user category (driver, passenger, pedestrian), safety factors (safety devices present, speed, traffic violations), environmental factors (time of trauma, light conditions, road surface), crash mode, impact type, and vehicle type. Results: Of the 205 cases, 108 were female and 97 were male. One hundred forty-six patients suffered injuries due to e-bike accidents and 59 due to bicycle accident. The chi-squared test compared distribution of categorical variables suggested that age (P =.0250), road user category (P =.0278), traffic rule violations (P =.0132), crash mode (P =.0027), impact type (P =.0019), and vehicle type (P =.0219) are related to the severity of injuries caused by e-bike/bicycle crashes in Hefei. The multiple-factor nonconditional logistic regression analysis showed that injury severity is the most commonly sustained within the vehicle type (odds ratio [OR] = 14.418; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.680–44.418), followed by crash mode (OR = 11.556; 95% CI, 4.430–30.142), traffic rule violations (OR = 4.735; 95% CI, 1.934–11.594), and age (OR = 2.910; 95% CI, 1.213–6.979). Conclusions: With the study of e-bike/bicycle crashes in Hefei, primary identification of the risk factors for the traffic injuries is obtained. These findings are important in decision making regarding preventive measures.
Planning, Encoding, and Overcoming Conflict in Partial Occlusion Drawing: A Neo-Piagetian Model and an Experimental Analysis

A theoretical model of partial occlusion drawing is presented, along with three experiments. The experiments used the materials similarity effect, i.e., the fact that it is easier to draw partial occlusion when the model objects are quite different from each other (Cox, 1985). Experiment 1, with 172 5- to 8-year-old subjects, manipulated materials (similar vs dissimilar objects) and viewing condition (unlimited visibility vs screened after 5 s), to study whether planning or scanning is involved in partial occlusion drawing. The results were consistent with the planning hypothesis, but not with the scanning hypothesis. Experiment 2, with 76 first-graders, explored group-encoding of similar objects. Encoding was assessed from verbal descriptions. Layouts were described differently (similar objects yielding group descriptions), and different descriptions were correlated with different drawing strategies. We suggest that group-encoding of similar objects creates a drawing problem (Experiment 2), and planning is required to solve it (Experiment 1). A neo-Piagetian model that accounts for drawing performance in terms of incompatible sets of activated schemes and of an activation balance between them is presented. Both experimental manipulations and differences among subjects in attentional resources are assumed to affect this balance. Three predictions were derived on the conjoint effects of object similarity and subject's M capacity and field dependence on drawing; Experiment 3, with 79 first-graders, successfully tested them.
[Music versus diazepam to reduce preoperative anxiety: a randomized controlled clinical trial].

OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of music to that of diazepam in reducing preoperative anxiety. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized to 2 groups to receive diazepam or listen to music on the day of surgery and the previous day. Just before the operation, anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Cortisol levels, heart rate, and blood pressure were also recorded. RESULTS Two hundred seven patients were enrolled. No significant differences in any of the outcome measures (anxiety, cortisol level, heart rate, or blood pressure) were found between the 2 groups (music vs sedative). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that music is as effective as sedatives for reducing preoperative anxiety.
Synchronization properties of spindle oscillations in a thalamic reticular nucleus model.

1. We address the hypothesis of Steriade and colleagues that the thalamic reticular nucleus (RE) is a pacemaker for thalamocortical spindle oscillations by developing and analyzing a model of a large population of all-to-all coupled inhibitory RE neurons. 2. Each RE neuron has three ionic currents: a low-threshold T-type Ca2+ current (ICa-T), a calcium-activated potassium current (IAHP) and a leakage current (IL). ICa-T underlies a cell's postinhibitory rebound properties, whereas IAHP hyperpolarizes the neuron after a burst. Each neuron, which is a conditional oscillator, is coupled to all other RE neurons via fast gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) and slow GABAB synapses. 3. For generating network oscillations IAHP may not be necessary. Synaptic inhibition can provide the hyperpolarization for deinactivating ICa-T that causes bursting if the reversal potentials for GABAA and GABAB synapses are sufficiently negative. 4. If model neurons display sufficiently powerful rebound excitability, an isolated RE network of such neurons oscillates with partial but typically not full synchrony. The neurons spontaneously segregate themselves into several macroscopic clusters. The neurons within a cluster follow the same time course, but the clusters oscillate differently from one another. In addition to activity patterns in which clusters burst sequentially (e.g., 2 or 3 clusters bursting alternately), a two-cluster state may occur with one cluster active and one quiescent. Because the neurons are all-to-all coupled, the cluster states do not have any spatial structure. 5. We have explored the sensitivity of such partially synchronized patterns to heterogeneity in cells' intrinsic properties and to simulated neuroelectric noise. Although either precludes precise clustering, modest levels of heterogeneity or noise lead to approximate clustering of active cells. The population-averaged voltage may oscillate almost regularly but individual cells burst at nearly every second cycle or less frequently. The active-quiescent state is not robust at all to heterogeneity or noise. Total asynchrony is observed when heterogeneity or noise is too large, e.g., even at 25% heterogeneity for our reference set of parameter values. 6. The fast GABAA inhibition (with a reversal potential more negative than, say, -65 mV) favors the cluster states and prevents full synchrony. Our simulation results suggest two mechanisms that can fully synchronize the isolated RE network model. With GABAA removed or almost totally blocked, GABAB inhibition (because it is slow) can lead to full synchrony, which is partially robust to heterogeneity and noise. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Corneal Equilibrium Flux as a Function of Corneal Surface Oxygen Tension.

PURPOSE Oxygen is essential for aerobic mammalian cell physiology. Oxygen tension (PO2) should reach a minimum at some position within the corneal stroma, and oxygen flux should be zero, by definition, at this point as well. We found the locations and magnitudes of this "corneal equilibrium flux" (xmin) and explored its physiological implications. METHODS We used an application of the Monod kinetic model to calculate xmin for normal human cornea as anterior surface PO2 changes from 155 to 20 mmHg. RESULTS We find that xmin deepens, broadens, and advances from 1.25 μm above the endothelial-aqueous humor surface toward the epithelium (reaching a position 320 μm above the endothelial-aqueous humor surface) as anterior corneal surface PO2 decreases from 155 to 20 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS Our model supports an anterior corneal oxygen flux of 9 μL O2 · cm · h and an epithelial oxygen consumption of approximately 4 μL O2 · cm · h. Only at the highest anterior corneal PO2 does our model predict that oxygen diffuses all the way through the cornea to perhaps reach the anterior chamber. Of most interest, corneal oxygen consumption should be supported down to a corneal surface PO2 of 60 to 80 mmHg but declines below this range. We conclude that the critical oxygen tension for hypoxia induced corneal swelling is more likely this range rather than a fixed value.
Locking intramedullary nails and locking plates in the treatment of two-part proximal humeral surgical neck fractures: a prospective randomized trial with a minimum of three years of follow-up.

BACKGROUND locking intramedullary nails and locking plates specially designed for proximal humeral fractures are widely used. The purpose of our study was to compare the outcomes between these two types of implants in patients with a two-part surgical neck fracture. The advantages and shortcomings of each method were analyzed. METHODS a prospective randomized study was performed. Fifty-one consecutive patients with a fresh two-part surgical neck fracture were randomized to be treated with a locking intramedullary nail (n = 25) or a locking plate (n = 26). Clinical and radiographic assessments were conducted at one year and three years after the surgery. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess shoulder pain. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores and Constant-Murley scores were recorded to evaluate shoulder function. RESULTS fracture union was achieved in all patients within three months after the surgery. At one year postoperatively, a significant difference (p = 0.024) was found with regard to the complication rate between the locking plate group (31%) and the locking nail group (4%). The average ASES score, median VAS score, and average strength of the supraspinatus were significantly better in the locking plate group (90.8 compared with 83.6 points [p = 0.021], 1.0 compared with 0.5 point [p = 0.042], and 77.4% compared with 64.3% [p = 0.032]). At three years postoperatively, no significant difference could be found in terms of any parameter between the two groups. Significant improvement in the VAS pain scores, ASES scores, and Constant-Murley scores were found between the one-year and three-year follow-up examinations in each group. CONCLUSIONS satisfactory results can be achieved with either implant in the treatment of two-part proximal humeral surgical neck fractures. There was no difference regarding the ASES scores between these two implants at the time of the final, three-year follow-up. The complication rate was lower in the locking intramedullary nail group, while fixation with a locking plate had the advantage of a better one-year outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effective Post-Silicon Validation of System-on-Chips Using Quick Error Detection

This paper presents the Quick Error Detection (QED) technique for systematically creating families of post-silicon validation tests that quickly detect bugs inside processor cores and uncore components (cache controllers, memory controllers, and on-chip interconnection networks) of multicore system on chips (SoCs). Such quick detection is essential because long error detection latency, the time elapsed between the occurrence of an error due to a bug and its manifestation as an observable failure, severely limits the effectiveness of traditional post-silicon validation approaches. QED can be implemented completely in software, without any hardware modification. Hence, it is readily applicable to existing designs. Results using multiple hardware platforms, including the Intel® Core™ i7 SoC, and a state-of-the-art commercial multicore SoC, along with simulation results using an OpenSPARC T2-like multicore SoC with bug scenarios from commercial multicore SoCs demonstrate: 1) error detection latencies of post-silicon validation tests can be very long, up to billions of clock cycles, especially for bugs inside uncore components; 2) QED shortens error detection latencies by up to nine orders of magnitude to only a few hundred cycles for most bug scenarios; and 3) QED enables up to a fourfold increase in bug coverage.
Pyramidal tract degeneration in sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease

We investigated the neuropathologic features of pyramidal tract degeneration in 27 cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD). The present study included 13 cases of subacute spongiform encephalopathy (SSE), 13 cases of panencephalopathic‐type (PE‐type) sCJD and one case of thalamic‐type sCJD. Pyramidal tract degeneration was observed in PE‐type sCJD cases with disease duration of more than 13 months. Cases of SSE, PE‐type sCJD of relatively short duration and thalamic‐type sCJD showed no pyramidal tract degeneration. All cases with pyramidal tract degeneration showed severe cerebral neocortical involvement with widespread cerebral white matter degeneration. The loss of myelin and axons and macrophage infiltration and fibrillary gliosis seen in these pyramidal tract lesions is consistent with secondary tract degeneration due to cerebral neocortical involvement. Interestingly, some cases with pyramidal tract degeneration showed a distal‐dominant pathology that we believe indicates retrograde degeneration or a “dying‐back” phenomenon of the pyramidal tract. Our results indicate that pyramidal tract degeneration is a late pathologic event in sCJD. Investigation of pyramidal tract degeneration may help clarify the mechanisms underlying the development of sCJD white matter pathology, particularly that of PE‐type sCJD.
From High-Level Deep Network Models to FPGA Acceleration

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are compute-intensive learning models with growing applicability in a wide range of domains. FPGAs are a compelling alternative to accelerate deep networks. However, using FPGAs for DNN acceleration is challenging since it requires long design cycles and expertise in hardware design. This work takes on this challenge, but instead of designing just an accelerator for a particular DNN model, it devises DNNWEAVER; a framework that automatically generates a synthesizable accelerator for a given (DNN, FPGA) pair using hand-optimized templates. DNNWEAVER uses Caffe [1] as the programming interface to provide a high level of abstraction to the programmers. We use DNNWEAVER to generate accelerators for the combinations of five different deep networks and two different FPGAs, Xilinx Zynq and Altera Stratix V. We rigorously compare the generated accelerators to multicore CPUs (ARM Cortex A15 and Xeon E3) and many-core GPUs (Tegra K1, GTX 650 Ti, and Tesla K40). In comparison, the generated accelerators deliver superior performance compared to CPUs and superior efficiency compared to GPUs; without requiring the programmers to participate in the arduous task of hardware design.
In Vivo Antiretroviral Activity of Stampidine in Chronically Feline Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Cats

ABSTRACT Here we report the antiretroviral activity of the experimental nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) compound stampidine in cats chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Notably, a single oral bolus dose of 50 or 100 mg of stampidine per kg resulted in a transient ≥1-log decrease in the FIV load of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells in five of six FIV-infected cats and no side effects. A 4-week stampidine treatment course with twice-daily administration of hard gelatin capsules containing 25 to 100 mg of stampidine per kg was also very well tolerated by cats at cumulative dose levels as high as 8.4 g/kg and exhibited a dose-dependent antiretroviral effect. One of three cats treated at the 25-mg/kg dose level, three of three cats treated at the 50-mg/kg dose level, and three of three cats treated at the 100-mg/kg dose level (but none of three control cats treated with placebo pills) showed a therapeutic response, as evidenced by a ≥1-log reduction in the FIV load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells within 2 weeks. The previously documented in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity of stampidine against primary clinical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates with genotypic and/or phenotypic NRTI resistance, together with its favorable animal toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo antiretroviral activity in FIV-infected cats, warrants further development of this promising new NRTI compound.
Tryptophan Fluorescence Reports Nucleotide-induced Conformational Changes in a Domain of the ArsA ATPase*

The ars operon of plasmid R773 encodes an ATP-dependent extrusion pump for arsenite and antimonite in Escherichia coli. The ArsA ATPase is the catalytic subunit of the pump protein, with two nucleotide binding consensus sequences, one in the NH2-terminal half and one in the COOH-terminal half of the protein. A 12-residue consensus sequence (DTAPTGHTIRLL) has been identified in ArsA homologs from eubacteria, archebacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. ArsA enzymes were constructed containing single tryptophan residues at either end of this conserved sequence. The emission spectrum of the fluorescence of the tryptophan on the COOH-terminal end (Trp-159) indicated a relatively hydrophilic environment for this residue. An increase in intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and a blue shift of the maximum emission wavelength were observed upon addition of MgATP, indicating movement of Trp-159 into a relatively less polar environment. No fluorescence response was observed with MgADP, with nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs, or with MgATP by catalytically inactive enyzmes. This suggests that the location Trp-159 is shifted only during hydrolysis of ATP. In contrast, the emission spectrum of Trp-141, located on the NH2-terminal side of the consensus sequence, indicated a relatively nonpolar environment. The maximum emission wavelength red shifted upon addition of MgADP. MgATP slowly produced a response that correlated with product formation, suggesting that the environment of Trp-141 is sensitive only to MgADP binding. Thus, during ATP hydrolysis the COOH-terminal end of the conserved domain moves into a less polar environment, whereas the NH2-terminal end moves into a more hydrophilic environment as product is formed. A hypothesis is presented in which the conserved domain of ArsA and homologs is an energy transduction domain involved in transmission of the energy of ATP hydrolysis to biological functions such as transport.
Multiple attributes-based data recovery in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since many basic scientific works heavily rely on the complete sensory data, data recovery is an indispensable operation against the data loss. Several works have studied the missing value problem. However, existing solutions cannot achieve satisfactory accuracy due to special loss patterns and high loss rates in WSNs. In this work, we propose a multiple attributes-based recovery algorithm which can provide high accuracy. Firstly, based on two real datasets, the Intel Indoor project and the GreenOrbs project, we reveal that such correlations are strong, e.g., the change of temperature and light illumination usually has strong correlation. Secondly, motivated by this observation, we develop a Multi-Attribute-assistant Compressive-Sensing-based (MACS) algorithm to optimize the recovery accuracy. Finally, real trace-driven simulation is performed. The results show that MACS outperforms the existing solutions. Typically, MACS can recover all data with less than 5% error when the loss rate is less than 60%. Even when losing 85% data, all missing data can be estimated by MACS with less than 10% error.
Novel stimulus‐induced calcium efflux in Drosophila mushroom bodies

The mushroom body (MB) is an important part of the Drosophila brain, and is involved in many behaviors, including olfactory learning and memory and some visual cognition. However, the physiological properties of MB neurons remain elusive. Here we used a calcium‐imaging technique to study calcium signals in Drosophila MB. We found that, rather than increasing calcium spread, electrical stimuli dramatically decreased calcium signals in the terminals of MB fibers. This novel calcium decrease occurred at all developmental stages from larvae to adults, but was specific for certain regions of the MB neurons. GABA receptor blockade promoted calcium propagation through the MB fibers, but did not disrupt the stimulus‐induced decrease in calcium. Furthermore, this decrease in calcium was independent of extracellular calcium concentration and was not due to altered uptake by intracellular calcium stores and mitochondria. Rather, we found that inhibition of sodium–calcium exchangers significantly attenuated the stimulus‐induced decrease in calcium, whereas the decrease persisted when membrane calcium pumps were blocked. Our findings indicate that MB neurons exhibit a novel stimulus‐induced calcium efflux, which may be importantly regulated by sodium–calcium exchangers in the Drosophila MB.
Histopathological Changes in Third-Instar and Adult Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) After in vitro Heat Treatment

ABSTRACT. The Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most harmful pests of mango causing direct damage by oviposition on the fruit pulp. Mango for export is subjected to hydrothermal treatment as a quarantine method for the control of this pest, but exposure to heat for long periods of time reduces considerably the quality and shelf-life of treated fruit. The aim of this work was to study morphological changes of third-instar larvae and adults of A. ludens after in vitro exposure to high temperature at sublethal times. A heating block system was used to expose larvae at 46.1°C for 19.6 and 12.9 min, producing 94.6 and 70% mortality, respectively. Treated larvae were processed for optical microscopy. A fraction of surviving treated larvae was separated into containers with artificial diet to allow development into adults. Adult sexual organs were dissected and processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. Results showed that 94.6% of the treated larvae died at 46.1°C for 19.6 min and none of the surviving larvae eclosed to adulthood, as they developed as malformed puparia. For the in vitro treatment at 46.1°C during 12.9 min, 70% of the treated larvae died and only 3.75% reached the adult stage, but ultrastructural damage in the male testes and in the female ovaries was observed. Additionally, 11.1% of the adult flies from the in vitro treatment also showed wing malformation and were incapable of flying. The analysis showed that surviving flies were unable to reproduce.