Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Lobbying Approach to Evaluating the Whistleblower Provisions of the Dodd-Frank Reform Act of 2010

We evaluate the net costs and benefits of the whistleblower (WB) provisions adopted under the Doddâ€ Frank Reform Act of 2010 by examining investor responses to events related to the proposed regulations. We focus our main analysis on a sample of firms that lobbied against implementation of the WB provisions by submitting a comment letter to the SEC. Lobbying firms are characterized by weaker existing WB programs and greater degrees of managerial entrenchment than a matched control sample of similar nonâ€ lobbying firms. Shortâ€ window excess stock returns around events related to implementation of the WB rules are significantly more positive for the portfolio of lobbying firms than for their matched controls; this effect is also more pronounced for lobbying firms with weaker existing WB programs. These results suggest that investors expect the new WB provisions to provide net benefits by improving shareholder protection.Les auteurs A©valuent les coA»ts et les avantages nets des dispositions relatives A la dA©nonciation adoptA©es dans le cadre de la Doddâ€ Frank Reform Act of 2010, en examinant les rA©actions des investisseurs aux A©vA©nements liA©s A la rA©glementation proposA©e. L'essentiel de leur analyse porte sur un A©chantillon de sociA©tA©s qui ont fait pression contre l'adoption des dispositions relatives A la dA©nonciation en adressant une lettre d'observations A la SEC. Les sociA©tA©s qui se sont livrA©es A cette activitA© de lobbyisme se caractA©risent parÂ des programmes existants plus timides en matiA¨re de dA©nonciation et des degrA©s d'enracinement des dirigeants plus A©levA©s que les sociA©tA©s similaires d'un A©chantillon de contrA´le correspondant qui se sont abstenues de faire du lobbyisme. Les rendements excA©dentaires des titres observA©s pendant une pA©riode limitA©e entourant les A©vA©nements liA©s A la mise en A“uvre des dispositions relatives A la dA©nonciation sont sensiblement plus positifs dans le cas de lâ€™A©chantillon de sociA©tA©s ayant exercA© des pressions que dans celui de lâ€™A©chantillon correspondant de sociA©tA©s de contrA´le; cette observation est plus marquA©e encore dans le cas des sociA©tA©s ayant exercA© des pressions dont les programmes en placeÂ en matiA¨re de dA©nonciation sont plus timides. Ces rA©sultats semblent indiquer que les investisseurs s'attendent A ce que les nouvelles dispositions relatives A la dA©nonciation offrent, tout compte fait, des avantages en bonifiant la protection des actionnaires.
Siblings and Birth Order—Are They Important for the Occurrence of ADHD?

Objective: The associations of birth order, number of siblings, and ADHD was examined. Method: The analysis based on representative, epidemiological data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study (N = 13,488). Results: An increased risk for ADHD in firstborn versus youngest born children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.09, 1.58]) and also versus children with no sibling (OR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.03, 1.68]) was revealed, while number of siblings was not associated with ADHD. Results remained stable after controlling for confounders. Conclusion: Firstborn children may receive simultaneously less parental resources and more responsibilities if younger siblings are born. This happens during the vulnerable developmental period of ADHD. In addition, due to higher levels of insecurity, parents are assumed to focus more on potential physical or psychological abnormities in their firstborn children. This may result in a diagnostic bias in firstborn children.
Scaling regimes and linear/nonlinear responses of last millennium climate to volcanic and solar forcings

Abstract. At scales much longer than the deterministic predictability limits (about 10 days), the statistics of the atmosphere undergoes a drastic transition, the high-frequency weather acts as a random forcing on the lower-frequency macroweather. In addition, up to decadal and centennial scales the equivalent radiative forcings of solar, volcanic and anthropogenic perturbations are small compared to the mean incoming solar flux. This justifies the common practice of reducing forcings to radiative equivalents (which are assumed to combine linearly), as well as the development of linear stochastic models, including for forecasting at monthly to decadal scales. In order to clarify the validity of the linearity assumption and determine its scale range, we use last millennium simulations, with both the simplified Zebiak–Cane (ZC) model and the NASA GISS E2-R fully coupled GCM. We systematically compare the statistical properties of solar-only, volcanic-only and combined solar and volcanic forcings over the range of timescales from 1 to 1000 years. We also compare the statistics to multiproxy temperature reconstructions. The main findings are (a) that the variability in the ZC and GCM models is too weak at centennial and longer scales; (b) for longer than ≈ 50 years, the solar and volcanic forcings combine subadditively (nonlinearly) compounding the weakness of the response; and (c) the models display another nonlinear effect at shorter timescales: their sensitivities are much higher for weak forcing than for strong forcing (their intermittencies are different) and we quantify this with statistical scaling exponents.
How effective are public health education programs, unfettered farm markets and single sex schools?

11 CHAPTER 1 PUBLIC HEALTH MOVEMENTS, LOCAL POOR RELIEF AND CHILD MORTALITY IN AMERICAN CITIES: 1923-1932 . 13 1.
Police-Community Relations in Cincinnati

6 Jump down to document THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world.
The influence of culture on judgments of accountants in Fiji

This study examines whether culture affects interpretation and application of International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Specifically, it investigates the influence of culture on the propensity to frame and execute judgments by professional accountants from two different ethnic groups in Fiji (Fijians and Indo-Fijians) while applying selected IAS/IFRS. No significant differences in the propensity to make judgments or the nature of judgments formulated by the professional accountants were detected. The results suggest that one or more sources of professional influence serve to override the different cultural values of the two ethnic groups while providing judgments.
Estimating Family Long-Term Care Decisions in the Presence of Endogenous Child Characteristics

This paper estimates the effects of various parent and child characteristics on the choice of care arrangement of the parent taking into account the potential endogeneity of some of the child characteristics. This potential endogeneity is controlled for by using an instrumental variables approach with panel data. The procedure conditions on the parent receiving no significant care in the first year of the panel causing first year variables to be valid instruments for the second year variables. The estimation procedure shows that, after controlling for endogeneity, potentially endogenous child variables have smaller effects. The estimates predict moderate effects of parent sex, age, race, and health and child sex and marital status, and large effects of parent marital status and child distance.
Identification of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Data Normalization in Cannabis sativa Stem Tissues

Gene expression profiling via quantitative real-time PCR is a robust technique widely used in the life sciences to compare gene expression patterns in, e.g., different tissues, growth conditions, or after specific treatments. In the field of plant science, real-time PCR is the gold standard to study the dynamics of gene expression and is used to validate the results generated with high throughput techniques, e.g., RNA-Seq. An accurate relative quantification of gene expression relies on the identification of appropriate reference genes, that need to be determined for each experimental set-up used and plant tissue studied. Here, we identify suitable reference genes for expression profiling in stems of textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), whose tissues (isolated bast fibres and core) are characterized by remarkable differences in cell wall composition. We additionally validate the reference genes by analysing the expression of putative candidates involved in the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway and in the first step of the shikimate pathway. The goal is to describe the possible regulation pattern of some genes involved in the provision of the precursors needed for lignin biosynthesis in the different hemp stem tissues. The results here shown are useful to design future studies focused on gene expression analyses in hemp.
Internet marketing research in hospitality and tourism: a review and journal preferences

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide a progress review of published Internet marketing research within the top eight hospitality and tourism journals and to provide suggestions on future research directions. Design/methodology/approach – The study collected 331 Internet marketing-related articles published in the top eight hospitality and tourism journals during the period of 1996-2013. Using content analysis, the study analyzed and discussed research topics, research methods and industry sectors of selected articles. The study period was broken into three sub-periods and used correspondence analysis (CA) to examine the significant changes of topical areas over time. A follow-up CA was conducted to compare the topical and methodological preferences of the selected eight journals. Findings – In all, 5-category and 27-subcategory classifications of research topics were identified in the study. The two-dimensional perceptual map indicates that Internet marketing research in the hospitality and t.
EAST/SeSAME syndrome: Review of the literature and introduction of four new Latvian patients

EAST (Epilepsy, Ataxia, Sensorineural deafness, Tubulopathy) or SeSAME (Seizures, Sensorineural deafness, Ataxia, Mental retardation, and Electrolyte imbalance) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome first described in 2009 independently by Bockenhauer and Scholl. It is caused by mutations in KCNJ10, which encodes Kir4.1, an inwardly rectifying K+ channel found in the brain, inner ear, kidney and eye. To date, 16 mutations and at least 28 patients have been reported. In this paper, we review mutations causing EAST/SeSAME syndrome, clinical manifestations in detail, and efficacy of treatment in previously reported patients. We also report a new Latvian kindred with 4 patients. In contrast to the majority of previous reports, we found a progressive course of the disorder in terms of hearing impairment and neurologic deficit. The treatment is based on antiepileptic drugs, electrolyte replacement, hearing aids and mobility devices. Future research should concentrate on recognizing the lesions in the central nervous system to evaluate new potential diagnostic criteria and on formally evaluating intellectual disability.
Shear bond strength evaluation of resin composite bonded to three different liners: TheraCal LC, Biodentine, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement using universal adhesive: An in vitro study

Aims: To compare and evaluate the bonding ability of resin composite (RC) to three different liners: TheraCal LC TM (TLC), a novel resin-modified (RM) calcium silicate cement, Biodentine TM (BD), and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) using an universal silane-containing adhesive and characterizing their failure modes. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted intact human molars with occlusal cavity (6-mm diameter and 2-mm height) were mounted in acrylic blocks and divided into three groups of 10 samples each based on the liner used as Group A (TLC), Group B (BD), and Group C (RMGIC). Composite post of 3 mm diameter and 3 mm height was then bonded to each sample using universal adhesive. Shear bond strength (SBS) analysis was performed at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: No significant difference was observed between group A and group C (P = 0.573) while group B showed the least bond strength values with a highly significant difference (P = 0.000). The modes of failure were predominantly cohesive in Groups A and B (TLC and BD) while RMGIC showed mixed and adhesive failures. Conclusions: Hence, this present study concludes that the bond strength of composite resin to TLC and RMGIC was similar and significantly higher than that of BD following application of universal adhesive.
The Persistence of Media Control Under Consolidated Authoritarianism: Containing Kazakhstan’s Digital Media

Citizens of Kazakhstan have greater access to the Internet now than at any time in the past. However, the Nazarbaev regime has systematically cut off the supply of political analysis on the country’s web sites while simultaneously shifting popular on-line consumption habits in non-political directions. The result is that the presence of the Internet in Kazakhstan is helping the authoritarian regime remain in power.
Crossing Boundaries: Organization Design Parameters Surrounding CDOs and Their Digital Transformation Activities

textabstractMore and more companies are installing Chief Digital Officer (CDO) positions in order to support the progress of their digital transformation. Since the employment of CDOs may influence companies' organizing logics, we conducted a multiple case study analysis to investigate the organization design parameters surrounding CDOs and their digital transformation activities. By examining the governance architectures in which the companies embed their CDOs (vertical dimension) and the horizontal coordination mechanisms utilized by CDOs (horizontal dimension), we shed light on two dimensions of companies' organizing logics. Our results indicate that CDOs need sufficient influence in the organization to pursue transformation activities and that the vertical and horizontal dimensions of companies' organizing logics are not independent of each other.
Equity, Social Justice, and Sustainable Urban Transportation in the Twenty-First Century

As an ever-increasing proportion of the world population lives in urban areas, one of the most important equity and social justice challenges governments and public administrations face is urban land-use and transportation issues. Within the context of this challenge, social justice, land use, transportation, health, and environmental dimensions are presented here as "a bundle of tangled elements sensitive to design. " The types of interdependence between these different dimensions are then described in more detail and further characterized as part of a sequential-type interdependence. Using notions coming from New Institutional Economics, different modes of governance are examined, and it is found that hierarchy, as opposed to market, is the mode of governance best suited to the task of achieving a more equitable and sustainable urban life. Within this context of the hierarchical mode of governance, professional public administration will be called upon to play a more active role than it has played until now.
Letters of Application and Résumés: A Comparison of Corporate Views

Faculty members at the University of Southwestern Louisiana conducted a survey of the 500 largest corporations in the United States as listed in the Fortune directory, 1984. This survey asked the chief personnel officer of those corporations their preferences concerning content, appearance, and length of letters of application and r6sum6s. Of the 500 opinionaires that were mailed, 226 were returned; a 45.2 percent response. The respondents were asked to indicate (1) strong agreement, (2) moderate agreement, (3) undecided, (4) moderate disagreement, or (5) strong disagreement; (a) meaning not clear,
Autoregressive approaches to import--export time series II: a concrete case study

The present work constitutes the second part of a two-paper project that, in particular, deals with an in-depth study of effective techniques used in econometrics in order to make accurate forecasts in the concrete framework of one of the major economies of the most productive Italian area, namely the province of Verona. It is worth mentioning that this region is indubitably recognized as the core of the commercial engine of the whole Italian country. This is why our analysis has a concrete impact; it is based on real data, and this is also the reason why particular attention has been taken in treating the relevant economical data and in choosing the right methods to manage them to obtain good forecasts. In particular, we develop an approach mainly based on vector autoregression where lagged values of two or more variables are considered, Granger causality, and the stochastic trend approach useful to work with the cointegration phenomenon.
Pro-poor growth and social protection in South Africa: Exploring the interactions

This study evaluates the impact of South Africa's long-term economic growth on household poverty and inequality between 1995 and 2005. We find a decline in aggregate levels of poverty, but increasing levels of inequality. The evidence suggests that the growth model provides substantial redistributive income support to the poor through the social grant programme, whilst offering few returns to those in the middle of the distribution.
The antimicrobial activity of cationic proteins isolated from the cells in bulk milk samples

SUMMARY Cationic proteins isolated from the cells in bulk milk samples were shown to inhibit the growth of two pathogenic strains of staphylococci and also Streptococcus agalactiae S 13. Polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis studies on these proteins revealed the presence of at least 9 components some of which had isoelectric pH's between 7·0 and 9·0. Trace amounts of the isolated protein had isoelectric pH's greater than 9·0. Staphylococci incubated with milk-cell cationic proteins absorbed the protein, thereby allowing the organism to be stained with the anionic dye Fast Green FCF. Protein-treated staphylococci in isotonic solutions autoagglutinated. This autoagglutination was more marked in hypo- and hypertonic solutions. Lysozyme was not demonstrated in the isolated protein fractions in assays involving incubation with Micrococcus lysodeikticus for 90 min. The antimicrobial activity of the cationic proteins isolated from the bulk milk samples was not destroyed after heating to temperatures up to 70° C for 30 min., whereas at higher temperatures the activity diminished and was almost completely lost at 100° C.
Evaluating the clinical quality of restorations.

A new method for rating the quality of restorations has been developed and field tested. It involves the same operational procedures that a dentist uses to evaluate restorations in a new patient. The two designations, “satisfactory” and “not acceptable,” are each broken into two categories that are rated on the basis of surface and color, anatomic form, and marginal integrity. If a restoration does not meet all standards, the reason is included in the evaluation. In a field test of the system, two examiners agreed on the final ratings of about 1,000 restorations in 92% of the instances, and with their first rating in a reexamination of the same restoration in 89% of the instances.
Cognitive Biases in Market Forecasts

Will the DJIA soar to 36,000 or plummet to 3,600? The desire to know the future is so strong that it blinds us to the fallibility of forecasts. The authors find that P/E ratios and dividend yields provide no help in forecasting one or two–year stock returns, and even ten–year forecasts are far from reliable. They trace the belief that P/E ratios and dividend yields provide reliable forecasts of returns to cognitive errors and discuss statistical and organizational remedies.
The Degrees-of-Freedom Problem and Implied Cost of Equity Capital

Bias in implied cost of equity estimates arises from analyst optimism and a degrees-of-freedom problem. The common practice in empirical studies of using a proxy for the earnings forecast horizon beyond two years in the Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth (OJ) model is potentially biased. We derive a generalized OJ model over a T period forecast horizon and indicate the extent of this bias. The implied cost of equity capital is obtained from a quadratic equation, where our constant term comprises T short-term annual earnings per share growth rates, rather than just the next-period counterpart in the OJ model.
Defining E-cadherin-associated protein complexes in epithelial cells : plakoglobin-and-catenin are distinct components

Cell adhesion is vitally important during development and in the adult organism, being necessary in sorting of cells, induction of cellular morphogenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity (reviewed by Edelman and Crossin, 1991; Takeichi, 1991). The cadherins are a family of Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecules that are involved in the formation and maintenance of cell-cell contacts (Kemler, 1992; Takeichi, 1991). Cadherin-mediated cell adhesion requires homotypic interactions between cadherin molecules on adjacent cells (Nagafuchi et al., 1987). There is increasing evidence that cadherin function is modulated by cytosolic proteins that bind to the C terminus of cadherins (Nagafuchi and Takeichi, 1988; Ozawa et al., 1989, 1990). First, the amino acid sequence of the cytoplasmic domain of all cadherins is highly conserved (Hirano et al., 1987), and this domain associates with distinct cytosolic proteins, termed catenins (Nagafuchi and Takeichi, 1988; Ozawa et al., 1989, 1990). Second, deletion of this catenin-binding domain generates cadherins that cannot mediate cell-cell adhesion (Nagafuchi and Takeichi, 1988; Ozawa et al., 1990). Third, overexpression of the cadherin cytoplasmic domain acts as a dominant negative mutation that competes with endogenous cadherin for catenins and generates an adhesion-defective phenotype (Kintner, 1992). Although the catenins are important for cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, their functions are presently 751 Journal of Cell Science 104, 751-762 (1993) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1993