Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polygenic interactions with environmental adversity in the aetiology of major depressive disorder

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and disabling condition with well-established heritability and environmental risk factors. Gene–environment interaction studies in MDD have typically investigated candidate genes, though the disorder is known to be highly polygenic. This study aims to test for interaction between polygenic risk and stressful life events (SLEs) or childhood trauma (CT) in the aetiology of MDD. Method The RADIANT UK sample consists of 1605 MDD cases and 1064 controls with SLE data, and a subset of 240 cases and 272 controls with CT data. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were constructed using results from a mega-analysis on MDD by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. PRS and environmental factors were tested for association with case/control status and for interaction between them. Results PRS significantly predicted depression, explaining 1.1% of variance in phenotype (p = 1.9 × 10−6). SLEs and CT were also associated with MDD status (p = 2.19 × 10−4 and p = 5.12 × 10−20, respectively). No interactions were found between PRS and SLEs. Significant PRSxCT interactions were found (p = 0.002), but showed an inverse association with MDD status, as cases who experienced more severe CT tended to have a lower PRS than other cases or controls. This relationship between PRS and CT was not observed in independent replication samples. Conclusions CT is a strong risk factor for MDD but may have greater effect in individuals with lower genetic liability for the disorder. Including environmental risk along with genetics is important in studying the aetiology of MDD and PRS provide a useful approach to investigating gene–environment interactions in complex traits.
Stochastic Active-Transport Model of Cell Polarization

We present a stochastic model of active vesicular transport and its role in cell polarization, which takes into account positive feedback between membrane-bound signaling molecules and cytoskeletal filaments. In particular, we consider the cytoplasmic transport of vesicles on a two-dimensional cytoskeletal network, in which a vesicle containing signaling molecules can randomly switch between a diffusing state and a state of directed motion along a filament. Using a quasi-steady-state analysis, we show how the resulting stochastic hybrid system can be reduced to an advection-diffusion equation with anisotropic and space-dependent diffusivity. This equation couples to a reaction-diffusion equation for the membrane-bound transport of signaling molecules. We use linear stability analysis to derive conditions for the growth of a precursor pattern for cell polarization, and we show that the geometry of the cytoskeletal filaments plays a crucial role in determining whether the cell is capable of spontaneous cell.
DFDTA-MultiAtt: Multi-attention based deep learning ensemble fusion network for drug target affinity prediction

An essential step in the drug development process is the accurate detection of drug-target interactions (DTI). The importance of binding affinity values in understanding protein-ligand interactions was previously disregarded, and DTI prediction was only seen as a binary classification problem. In this regard, we introduced the DFDTA-MultiAtt model for predicting the drug target binding affinity in two stages using the structural and sequential information. The first step of the first stage involves retrieving features from sequence data using a bi-directional long short term memory (Bi-LSTM) architecture together with a multi-attention module and dilated convolutional neural network (dilated-CNN) architecture, and the second step features are learnt from structure representation once again using a dilated-CNN. To predict the binding affinity, the second stage uses an ensemble learning model. The proposed model also produces findings with a greater overall accuracy when compared to contemporary state-of-the-art methods. The model generates an enormous +0.006 concordance index (CI) score on the Davis dataset and reduces the mean square error (MSE) by 0.174 on the KIBA dataset.
The Longitudinal Variations of Upper Thermospheric Zonal Winds Observed by the CHAMP Satellite at Low and Midlatitudes

In this work, we investigate the longitudinal patterns of thermospheric zonal winds (~400 km) and their seasonal and solar activity dependence using CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload cross‐track wind data and Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) simulations. CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload data show that there are large longitudinal variations in thermospheric zonal winds. These longitudinal variations do not have significant solar activity dependence. In the northern hemisphere at low and middle latitudes, the daytime zonal winds are more westward between −90° and 90° longitudes and more eastward at other longitudes. The nighttime zonal wind direction with pattern is opposite to that in the daytime. In the southern hemisphere at low and middle latitudes, the local time variation of the longitudinal wind structure, including positive and negative peak locations, is almost the reverse of that in the northern hemisphere. Thus, the zonal wind patterns also show great hemispheric asymmetry. In addition, the longitudinal patterns of zonal winds in both hemispheres show seasonal variations. The longitudinal patterns during the June solstice are significantly different from those in other seasons. These observational results are well reproduced in TIEGCM simulations. To elucidate the physical processes responsible for the observed and simulated longitudinal patterns of the zonal winds, the TIEGCM is also run for different geomagnetic field configurations. A comparison between the TIEGCM results shows that geomagnetic field structure is the main cause of the large longitudinal variations of thermospheric zonal winds and their local time, hemispheric asymmetry, and seasonal changes at low and middle latitudes.
Miospore biozonation of cenomanian - santonian succession in Famo-1 well, Gongola Sub Basin, Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria

The Early Cretaceous succession penetrated by Famo-1 well in Gongola sub Basin, Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria were analyzed for its palynological content. This investigation produced significant Pollen and Spore and the assemblage reveals the dominance of angiosperm Pollen grain and pteridophytes spore. Gymnosperm pollen was scarce and less varied. The studied interval penetrated a sequence of sandstone, sandy shale and mudstone occurring at different intervals in the studied section of the well. Established on the stratigraphic distribution of the palynomorphs recovered from Famo-1 well, three informal assemblage palynozones covering the Early Cretaceous were identified. The zones are: Assemblage Zones I & II (Cenomanian); Assemblage Zone III (Turonian - Santonian). The different zones signifies a time stratigraphic unit comparable to the identified lithostratigraphic units penetrated by the well. The age (Cenomanian - Santonian) determinations are based on the known stratigraphic ranges of pollen and spores and their relative stratigraphic positions. Data from the studied well revealed that there is relatively higher frequency of the land derived pollen and spores compared to marine palynomorph abundance, which suggests a paralic condition of continental to shallow marine environment. The shallow marginal marine environment is further sustained by the presence of foraminifera test linings at some depths which are indicative of marine palaeoenvironment (inner neritic environment). Interpretations from the spore and pollen assemblages reveal sediment deposition took place in a wet to arid climate condition in marginal marine to nearshore environment. Keywords: Palynology, Gongola sub Basin, Cretaceous, Famo-1 Well
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (or OEIS) is a database of some 130000 number sequences. It is freely available on the Web (http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/) and is widely used. There are several ways in which it benefits research: 1 It serves as a dictionary, to tell the user what is known about a particular sequence. There are hundreds of papers which thank the OEIS for assistance in this way. 1 The associated Sequence Fans mailing list is a worldwide network which has evolved into a powerful machine for tackling new problems. 1 As a direct source of new theorems, when a sequence arises in two different contexts. 1 As a source of new research, when one sees a sequence in the OEIS that cries out to be analyzed. The 40-year history of the OEIS recapitulates the story of modern computing, from punched cards to the internet. The talk will be illustrated with numerous examples, emphasizing new sequences that have arrived in the past few months. Many open problems will be mentioned. Because of the profusion of books and journals, volunteers play an important role in maintaining the database. If you come across an interesting number sequence in a book, journal or web site, please send it and the reference to the OEIS. (You do not need to be the author of the sequence to do this.) There is a web site for sending in "Comments" or "New sequences". Several new features have been added to the OEIS in the past year. Thanks to the work of Russ Cox, searches are now performed at high speed, and thanks to the work of Debby Swayne, there is a button which displays plots of each sequence. Finally, a "listen" button enables one to hear the sequence played on a musical instrument (try Recamaan's sequence A005132! ).
Late quaternary radiolarians as proxies for past environmental conditions in the eastern and southern sectors of the Indian Ocean

This study falls into two parts. The first comprises a detailed study of the radiolarian sub-fossils from surface sediment samples from two sectors of the Indian Ocean an eastern sector lying between 12°S and 31°S and between 107°E and 128°E, and a southern sector between 3 1°S and 63°S and between 48°E and 111 °E. The second part of the thesis consists of the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions from four cores extracted from the southern Indian Ocean between the Kerguelen Plateau and the Southeast Indian Ridge. The study’s first part establishes the existence of eleven radiolarian assemblages, six in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and five in the southern Indian Ocean (SIO). The EIO assemblages can be associated with the sector’s currents, at least one of them being subsurface. The SIO assemblages correspond to the inter-frontal zones of the Southern Ocean. The first part of the study also establishes relationship between radiolarian taxa distributions and a number of oceanic variables (temperature, salinity, in situ density, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, and alkalinity) at depths from the ocean’s surface down to 500 metres below sea level. These relationship do not always hold for all depths in the water column or for all parts of the study area, thus demonstrating the need for care when attempting palaeoenvironmental reconstructions over a wide geographical area. The validity of the relationship between the radiolarian census data and sea-surface temperature (SST) is confirmed by reconstructing Last Glacial Maximum SSTs and comparing them with Barrows and Juggins’ (2005) SST study which is based on foraminifera and is generally accepted as the source of the best SST estimates for the Indian Ocean thus far. In the second part of this thesis, the palaeoenvironmental conditions over approximately the last 40 ka at the sites of four sediment cores (MD88-769, MD88-770, MD94-102, and MD94-103: all located in the southern Indian Ocean between the Kerguelen Plateau and the
Determination of deoxymyoglobin changes during graded myocardial ischemia: An in Vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy study

1H NMR spectroscopy was used to detect the proximal histidyl Nδ, proton signal of deoxymyoglobin from canine hearts in vivo during graded myocardial ischemia. The NMR signal intensity provided an indicator of intracellular oxygenation in myocardium. The relationship between the myocardial blood flow and the deoxymyoglobin concentration was successfully measured during resting, partial, and complete coronary artery occlusion conditions. The results demonstrate the feasibility to detect deoxymyoglobin using a 1H NMR spectroscopy technique in living hearts for the first time and the possibility to use this technique for investigating myocardial oxidative metabolism nondestructively and repetitively.
Cultural Value Orientations and Alcohol Consumption in 74 Countries: A Societal-Level Analysis

A significant proportion of all deaths globally can be attributed to alcohol consumption. Although a range of correlates of alcohol consumption have already been identified at the individual level, less is understood about correlates at the macro level, such as cultural values. As a development in this understanding may prove useful for global health organizations aiming to tackle the problems associated with excessive drinking, our aim was to investigate the association between encultured alcohol consumption and Cultural Value Orientations. We obtained data describing average alcohol consumption and Cultural Value Orientations, for 74 countries, from an online data repository. To assess whether Cultural Value Orientations are associated with alcohol consumption we calculated partial correlations and performed a ridge regression analysis. Our analyses revealed that Cultural Value Orientations were significantly associated with alcohol consumption, even after controlling for average income and education level. A profile emerged in which values of autonomy and harmony were shown to be positively associated with alcohol consumption, and hierarchy and embeddedness negatively associated with alcohol consumption. The effect was modified by gender. Changes in cultural Harmony, Mastery, Autonomy and Egalitarianism were associated with increases in alcohol consumption in males, but not females, while changes in cultural Embeddedness and Hierarchy were associated with decreases in consumption in females, but no change in males. Finally, we demonstrate that latitude, and by extension its covariates such as climatic demands, partially accounted for the effect of harmony and affective autonomy on alcohol consumption. This research highlights that cultural values, and their interaction with gender, should be an important consideration for international public health organizations aiming to tackle the problems associated with alcohol consumption, but that future research is required to fully understand the link between cultural values and alcohol.
Studies on Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient for Yield and Its Component Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)

The present investigation was carried out taking collection of fifty wheat genotype from different eco-geographic origin. Data on eight quantitative characters viz ; Plant height, reproductive tillers/plant, length of spike, spikelets/spike, days to maturity, grains/spike, test weight and grain yield/plant were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for almost all the traits under study. The genotypes showed moderate to high level of genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV). The magnitudes of phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) for all the characters were slightly higher than their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), indicated very less environmental influence on the expression of the characters. Higher estimate of GCV (15.55) was recorded for Length of spike followed by grain yield per plant (14.91). Analysis of correlation revealed that in general, the magnitude of genotypic correlation coefficients was higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficients, suggesting the existence of inherent association among the traits studied. Plant height, reproductive tillers per plant, spikelets per spike, grains per spike and test weight had high positive correlation with grain yield per plant and also having maximum direct positive effect on it. The studies suggest that the selection pressure should be exercised simultaneously on plant height, reproductive tillers per plant, spikelets per spike, grains per spike and test weight to obtain maximum yield. Keywords: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Spikelets, variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis.
Personality and leadership: a qualitative and quantitative review.

This article provides a qualitative review of the trait perspective in leadership research, followed by a meta-analysis. The authors used the five-factor model as an organizing framework and meta-analyzed 222 correlations from 73 samples. Overall, the correlations with leadership were Neuroticism = -. 24, Extraversion = . 31, Openness to Experience = . 24, Agreeableness = . 08, and Conscientiousness = . 28. Results indicated that the relations of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness with leadership generalized in that more than 90% of the individual correlations were greater than 0. Extraversion was the most consistent correlate of leadership across study settings and leadership criteria (leader emergence and leadership effectiveness). Overall, the five-factor model had a multiple correlation of . 48 with leadership, indicating strong support for the leader trait perspective when traits are organized according to the five-factor model.
Pre Gestational Thalassemia Screening in Mainland China: The First Two Years of a Preventive Program

Abstract In this study, we report the experience of a pre gestational thalassemia screening program at a single center in Southern China. Free thalassemia screening, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis (PND) for couples planning pregnancy were implemented over a 2-year period. Among a total of 83,062 screened individuals (41,531 couples), the allele frequencies of β-thalassemia (β-thal), – –SEA and – –THAI deletions were 3.79, 5.75 and 0.028%, respectively. Out of the 41,531 couples, 11,039 couples had at least one partner who had a positive screening test; of these, 455 at-risk couples (1.07%) were identified, including 68 (0.16%) for β-thal, 162 (0.39%) for Hb Bart’s (γ4) hydrops fetalis, 190 (0.46%) for deletional Hb H (β4) disease and 25 (0.06%) for nondeletional Hb H disease. Of the 455 at-risk couples, 90 were already pregnant and 66 underwent PND at 10-13 weeks’ gestation, resulting in 15 affected fetuses. The remaining 355 at-risk couples were still preparing for pregnancy, and they were on the list for follow-up. There is considerable scope for facilitating timely PND through improved organization and screening strategy. The pre pregnancy screening is a feasible and effective approach to thalassemia prevention.
Monanchomycalin C, a New Pentacyclic Guanidine Alkaloid from the Far-Eastern Marine Sponge Monanchora Pulchra

A new pentacyclic guanidine alkaloid, monanchomycalin C (1), along with the earlier known ptilomycalin A (2), were isolated from the Far-Eastern marine sponge Monanchora pulchra. The structure of 1 was elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 8.2 μM and 4.3 μM, respectively.
International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 2009 Assessing Public Opinions Through Web 2 . 0 : A Case Study on Wal-Mart

The recent advancement of Web 2.0 enables people to exchange their opinions on a variety of topics. Among these discussions, the opinions of employees, customers, and investors are of great interest to companies. Insight into such perspectives can help managers make better decisions on business policies and strategy. However, assessing online opinions is a nontrivial task. The high volume of messages, casual writing style, and the significant amount of noise require the application of sophisticated text mining techniques to digest the data. Previous research has successfully applied sentiment analysis to assess online opinions on specific items and topics. In this research, we propose the integration of topic analysis with sentiment analysis methods to assess the public opinions expressed in forums with diverse topics of discussion. Using a WalMart-related Web forum as an example, we found that combining the two types of analysis can provide us with improved ability to assess public opinions on a company. Through further analysis on one cluster of discussions, several abnormal traffic and sentiment patterns were identified related to Wal-Mart events. The case study validates the propose framework as an IT artifact to assess online public opinion on companies of interest. Our research promotes further efforts to combine topic and sentiment analysis techniques in online research supporting business decision making.
Application of a protocol for magnetic resonance spectroscopy of adrenal glands: an experiment with over 100 cases

Objective To evaluate a protocol for two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) (Siemens Medical Systems; Erlangen, Germany) in the detection of adrenal nodules and differentiation between benign and malignant masses (adenomas, pheochromocytomas, carcinomas and metastases). Materials and Methods A total of 118 patients (36 men; 82 women) (mean age: 57.3 ± 13.3 years) presenting with 138 adrenal nodules/masses were prospectively assessed. A multivoxel system was utilized with a 2D point-resolved spectroscopy/chemical shift imaging sequence. The following ratios were calculated: choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr), 4.0–4.3/Cr, lipid (Lip)/Cr, Cho/Lip and lactate (Lac)/Cr. Results 2D-1H-MRS was successful in 123 (89.13%) lesions. Sensitivity and specificity values observed for the ratios and cutoff points were the following: Cho/Cr ≥ 1.2, 100% sensitivity, 98.2% specificity (differences between adenomas/pheochromocytomas and carcinomas/ metastases); 4.0–4.3 ppm/Cr ≥ 1.5, 92.3% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity (differences between carcinomas/pheochromocytomas and adenomas/metastases); Lac/Cr ≤ –7.449, 90.9% sensitivity and 77.8% specificity (differences between pheochromocytomas and carcinomas/adenomas). Conclusion Information provided by 2D-1H-MRS were effective and allowed for the differentiation between adrenal masses and nodules in most cases of lesions with > 1.0 cm in diameter.