Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colorectal carcinoma: the management of polyps, (neo)adjuvant therapy, and the treatment of metastases.

BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second most common type of cancer in Germany. In view of recent major changes in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the S3 guideline for CRC published in its full version in 2004 was partially updated in 2008 and again in 2009. METHOD The literature was systematically searched for all articles published from 2004 onward concerning polyp management, (neo-)adjuvant treatment, and treatment of metastatic disease. Evidence-based recommendations were developed in a consensus conference. RESULTS For some patients who have undergone polypectomy, the time to follow-up with colonoscopy can be lengthened. In UICC stage III colon cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy with an oxaliplatin-based regimen is recommended. In stage II colon cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered mainly when risk factors are present. In stages II and III, neo-adjuvant therapy should be given before resection in rectal cancer. In patients with metastatic disease, the use of all possible treatment options results in a median overall survival time of 24 months. In some patients with primarily non-resectable liver metastases, systemic treatment may enable a secondary, potentially curative resection. Therapeutic agents are chosen individually on the basis of clinical factors including the goal of treatment, the patient's general condition, and tumor molecular markers. CONCLUSION The S3 guideline contains evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Broad implementation of the guideline will be essential for improved patient care.
Meconium Passage in Utero: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Management

Meconium passage in newborn infants is a developmentally programmed event normally occurring within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth. Intrauterine meconium passage in near-term or term fetuses has been associated with fetomaternal stress factors and/or infection, whereas meconium passage in postterm pregnancies has been attributed to gastrointestinal maturation. Despite these clinical impressions, little information is available on the mechanism(s) underlying the normal meconium passage that occurs immediately after birth or during the intrauterine period of fetal development. Birth itself is a stressful process and it is possible that fetal stress-mediated biochemical events may regulate the meconium passage occurring either during labor or after birth. Aspiration of meconium during intrauterine life may result in or contribute to meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), representing a continued leading cause of perinatal death. This article reviews aspects of meconium passage in utero, its consequences, and management. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the composition of meconium, to outline the timetable of fetal gastrointestinal development, to summarize the theories of fetal meconium passage, to describe the effects of amniotic fluid meconium, to relate the clinical outcome in the presence of meconium, to describe the condition of meconium aspiration syndrome, and to review the use of amnioinfusion for amniotic fluid meconium.
I Am Having a Dilemma

The purpose of this study is to better understand factors underlying local residents’ responses to mega event development. The authors suggest that residents’ intention to give or withhold support of hosting an event in the community can be viewed as a social dilemma and examine the effects of event publicity, perceived fairness of event portrayal, and residents’ commitment to the event. In a field study that assesses the impact of 2012 Olympic and Paralympic sailing events on residents at Weymouth and Portland, United Kingdom, the study finds that event publicity is linked to residents’ supporting behaviors indirectly through commitment. Perceived fairness of event portrayal is identified as a moderator of the event publicity effect. Specifically, when media reports of the event are considered biased or unfair, the effect of both positive and negative event publicity is attenuated. The findings have implications for event organizations and local authorities in stakeholder relationship management.
The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Color and Luminosity Dependence of Galaxy Clustering at z ∼ 1

We present measurements of the color and luminosity dependence of galaxy clustering at z ∼ 1 in the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey. Using volume-limited subsamples in bins of both color and luminosity, we find the following: (1) The clustering dependence is much stronger with color than with luminosity and is as strong with color at z ∼ 1 as is found locally. We find no dependence of the clustering amplitude on color for galaxies on the red sequence, but a significant dependence on color for galaxies within the blue cloud. (2) For galaxies in the range L/L* ∼ 0.7–2, a stronger large-scale luminosity dependence is seen for all galaxies than is seen for red and blue galaxies separately. The small-scale clustering amplitude depends significantly on luminosity for blue galaxies, with brighter samples having a stronger rise on scales rp < 0.5 h−1 Mpc. (3) Redder galaxies exhibit stronger small-scale redshift-space distortions (“fingers of god”), and both red and blue populations show large-scale distortions in ξ (rp,π) due to coherent infall. (4) While the clustering length, r0, increases smoothly with galaxy color (in narrow bins), its power-law exponent, γ, exhibits a sharp jump from the blue cloud to the red sequence. The intermediate-color “green” galaxy population likely includes transitional galaxies moving from the blue cloud to the red sequence; on large scales green galaxies are as clustered as red galaxies but show infall kinematics and a small-scale correlation slope akin to the blue galaxy population. (5) We compare our results to a semianalytic galaxy formation model applied to the Millennium Run simulation. Differences between the data and the model suggest that in the model star formation is shut down too efficiently in satellite galaxies.
Conversations in Slow Motion: Computer-Mediated Communication in the Foreign Language Classroom.

This article presents an overview of early research into an innovative use of networked computers as a research and didactic tool. The focus will be on a preliminary study of computer-mediated discussion on networked computers examining student-student and student-teacher interaction in real time within the context of an Intermediate French course at the university level. Because of the rapid nature of the electronic exchanges, the resulting 'conversation' is in fact a hybrid phenomenon that falls somewhere between writing and speaking, hence the title 'Conversations in Slow Motion. ' Recent research into this innovative use of the computer to enhance classroom discussion is showing positive results in terms of linguistic, cognitive, and affective benefits to the foreign language learner.
Association analysis of MAOA and COMT with neuroticism assessed by peers

There are several reported associations between depressive disorders, panic disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and a variety of polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene. Associations have also been reported between the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene and both OCD and bipolar depression. However, the role of these markers has not been explored for the personality trait of neuroticism (N), a normally distributed quantitative trait, which is highly genetically correlated with anxiety and depression and may be a vulnerability to either type of disorder. We explored the possible role of MAOA, COMT, and their interaction on N using a selected extremes design. From a sample of 2,085 individuals, each assessed for N by two independent peers rather than using self‐report questionnaires, we selected 57 individuals from the top 10% of scores, and 62 individuals from the bottom 10%. Using selected extreme low subjects as the controls, rather than an unselected control group gives roughly twice the power of a standard case‐control design. We typed a functional variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the MAOA gene promoter, and a functional polymorphism in the coding region of the COMT gene. Two novel alleles in the MAOA VNTR were identified on the basis of their size, and their structure examined by sequencing analysis. We found weak evidence for association with COMT genotype, when the females and males were considered separately, and for MAOA genotype in males only. There was no significant interaction between COMT and MAOA. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Stimulus Meaningfulness on the Formation of Equivalence Classes

The current study investigated the effect of stimulus meaningfulness on the formation of equivalence classes in a conditional discrimination training task. Nonsense syllables rated as high or low in meaningfulness (m) on the Glaze (1928) and Krueger (1934) rating scales were presented in a matching-to-sample task. Thirteen participants were trained to produce B1 and C1 given the sample A1, B2 and C2 given A2, and B3 and C3 given A3. Participants’ performances during training and the emergence of a derived set of responses during testing (B1-C1, B2-C2, B3-C3) were analyzed as a function of m of stimuli within the relations. Training performances were predicted by m of the stimuli, with less error overall associated with low m configurations, and less error where sample and comparison items matched in terms of m (both high or both low).
Clinical Investigation : Gynecologic Cancer Trends in the Utilization of Adjuvant Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy and / or External Beam Radiation Treatment in Stage I and II Endometrial Cancer : A Surveillance , Epidemiology , and End-Results Study

Trends in the Utilization of Adjuvant Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy and/or External Beam Radiation Treatment in Stage I and II Endometrial Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results Study Mehul K. Patel, M.D.,* Michele L. Cote, Ph.D.,y Rouba Ali-Fehmi, M.D.,z Thomas Buekers, M.D.,x Adnan R. Munkarah, M.D.,x and Mohamed A. Elshaikh, M.D.* *Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; yKarmanos Cancer Institute and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; zDepartment of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; and xDepartment of Women’s Health Services, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
Social factors modulating attention patterns in carrion crows

A benefit of group living is the opportunity for individuals to gain valuable information from others, for example about predators, food sources or mate quality. However paying attention to conspecifics also induces costs such as time constraints. In order to optimize information-gaining processes individuals are expected to be selective with regards to whom and what they pay attention to. This selectivity may depend on factors like context, sex, age and social status of both the observing individual and the model. In the present study, we investigated the attention patterns in carrion crows (Corvus corone corone). Since carrion crows live in complex societies where the use of social information is likely to be highly beneficial, we expect attention patterns to be strongly affected by social factors. Nineteen captive crows were presented with either familiar or unfamiliar and kin or non-kin model individuals. We quantified the duration and frequency each observer watched the model in each experimental session. Familiarity with the model did neither affect watching duration nor frequency. However, there was an effect of kinship on individual attention, with male crows observing non-kin at higher frequency than kin, whereas female observers showed no preference. We also found an effect of the percentage of group members watching within a session and attentiveness of each observer. Overall, our study shows that social factors affect attention patterns in crows.
Re-examination of the relation between the vocal tract and the vowel sound with electromagnetic articulography (EMA) in vocalizations

In vowel production theory the vowel sound is related directly to defined positions of the articulators. A re-examination of tongue, lips and jaw positions with the dynamic method of electromagnetic articulography (EMA) was carried out on German vowels in spontaneous speech and in isolated and sustained vocalizations at different levels of FO. It was found that: (i) one vowel sound can be represented by two very different positions of the articulators, and (ii) two vowel sounds of different vowel identities can be represented by similar positions. Examples of our results are presented, and the implications for the articulatory process, as well as for diagnosis and treatment of patients with speech motor disorders, are discussed.
Negotiating Boundaries and Bonds: Frequency of Young Children’s Socialization to Their Ethnic/Racial Heritage

This study addressed intergroup differences in how often U.S. families socialized young children to their ethnic/racial heritage using nationally representative survey data gathered as part of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K). The sample (N = 18,827) included young White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multiracial children. Among other things, the authors found that families raising young American Indian children were likely to socialize them frequently to their ethnic/racial heritage. Also, most intergroup differences in frequency of ethnic/racial socialization were robust across child gender and parental education.
Leveraging Multiple Domains for Sentiment Classification

Sentiment classification becomes more and more important with the rapid growth of user generated content. However, sentiment classification task usually comes with two challenges: first, sentiment classification is highly domain-dependent and training sentiment classifier for every domain is inefficient and often impractical; second, since the quantity of labeled data is important for assessing the quality of classifier, it is hard to evaluate classifiers when labeled data is limited for certain domains. To address the challenges mentioned above, we focus on learning high-level features that are able to generalize across domains, so a global classifier can benefit with a simple combination of documents from multiple domains. In this paper, the proposed model incorporates both sentiment polarity and unlabeled data from multiple domains and learns new feature representations. Our model doesn’t require labels from every domain, which means the learned feature representation can be generalized for sentiment domain adaptation. In addition, the learned feature representation can be used as classifier since our model defines the meaning of feature value and arranges high-level features in a prefixed order, so it is not necessary to train another classifier on top of the new features. Empirical evaluations demonstrate our model outperforms baselines and yields competitive results to other state-of-the-art works on benchmark datasets.
Being Green Against the Wind? The Moderating Effect of Munificence on Acquiring Environmental Competitive Advantages

We analyze the effect of munificence on the development of a proactive environmental strategy (PES) and firm performance. In addition, we examine the moderating role of perceived munificence on the association between innovation capabilities and PES and between PES and firm performance. These relationships are tested in a sample consisting in 263 Spanish agricultural firms operating in three different geographical clusters. Our results broadly support our hypotheses and suggest that although perceived munificence favors the development of a PES, it is in hostile environments where PES generates competitive advantages.
Shielding Effectiveness of Modern Energy-Saving Glasses and Windows

Thin metal coatings on glass are widely used in modern windows to improve their thermal properties. However, while there are some available papers on the properties of microwave propagation through commercial metallized windows glass below 6 GHz there seems to be a lack of papers regarding metallized multiglazed windows at higher frequencies. Such data are of the great importance when designing modern microwave communication systems working in urban environments. In this paper, the shielding effectiveness (SE) of modern energy-saving glasses and windows were investigated at microwave frequencies from 1 to 20 GHz. Wide measurement range together with proposed fast calculation procedure based on the matrix multiplication method, allowed us to elucidate the reasons responsible for the extremes in dependencies of SE on frequency. It was also shown that by comparing measured and calculated results, the conductivity of the thin metallic layer used in modern energy-saving windows can be determined. During the study, we found that attenuation of microwave radiation passing through modern windows can be as high as 60 dB.
Cognitive deficits, psychopathology, and psychosocial functioning in bipolar mood disorder.

The objective of this study was to study the relationship of poor functioning, cognition, and psychopathology in bipolar mood disorder. The authors assessed 36 patients with bipolar mood disorder (23 VA, 13 community) for the presence of psychopathology, cognitive deficits, and psychosocial impairment. The authors assessed psychopathology using screening and follow-up questions based on the schedule for affective disorder and schizophrenia, lifetime version (SADS-L), schedule for the assessment for negative symptoms (SANS), and schedule for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS), and psychosensory features using the "Profile of Psychomotor Symptoms. " They tested cognitive functioning in the following domains: 1) general intelligence and language, 2) verbal and visual memory, and 3) visuospatial functioning. They also assessed psychosocial functioning using a structured scale to assess maladjustment and an impairment rating scale. Patients with bipolar disorder showed significant impairment compared to age equivalent normals in several cognitive domains. Anhedonia was related to memory deficits. Memory deficits were also associated with poor psychosocial functioning. This study demonstrates that nondemented, asymptomatic patients with bipolar disorder exhibit substantial cognitive deficits that are associated with poor functioning, and anhedonia and avolition best predict this outcome.
iSAX 2.0: Indexing and Mining One Billion Time Series

There is an increasingly pressing need, by several applications in diverse domains, for developing techniques able to index and mine very large collections of time series. Examples of such applications come from astronomy, biology, the web, and other domains. It is not unusual for these applications to involve numbers of time series in the order of hundreds of millions to billions. However, all relevant techniques that have been proposed in the literature so far have not considered any data collections much larger than one-million time series. In this paper, we describe iSAX 2.0, a data structure designed for indexing and mining truly massive collections of time series. We show that the main bottleneck in mining such massive datasets is the time taken to build the index, and we thus introduce a novel bulk loading mechanism, the first of this kind specifically tailored to a time series index. We show how our method allows mining on datasets that would otherwise be completely untenable, including the first published experiments to index one billion time series, and experiments in mining massive data from domains as diverse as entomology, DNA and web-scale image collections.
Mechanism Underlying Initiation of Paroxysmal Atrial Flutter/Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Foci: A Simulation Study

Background— The mechanisms underlying paroxysmal atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation initiation by ectopic foci from various locations are unclear. Methods and Results— We used parallel computational techniques to study an anatomically accurate 3-dimensional atrial structure incorporating a detailed ionic-current model of an atrial myocyte. At the single-cell level, upregulation of the L-type Ca2+ current ICa,L steepened restitution curves of action potential duration and conduction velocity compared with the control. Spontaneous firings of ectopic foci, coupled with sinus activity, produced dynamic spatial dispersions of repolarization, including discordant alternans, which caused conduction block and reentry only for the elevated ICa,L case. For each foci location, a vulnerable window for atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation induction was identified as a function of the coupling interval and focus cycle length. For ectopic foci in the pulmonary veins and left atrium, the site of conduction block and reentry gradually shifted, as a function of coupling interval, from the right atrium to the interatrial area and finally to the left atrium. The size of the vulnerable window was largest for pulmonary vein foci, becoming markedly smaller for right atrial foci, especially those near the sinoatrial node. Conclusions— These findings suggest that a mechanism of dynamically induced repolarization dispersion, especially discordant alternans, underlies the induction of atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation by atrial ectopic foci. The sites and likelihood of reentry induction varied according to ectopic focus location and timing, with the largest vulnerable window corresponding to the pulmonary vein region.
THE DISTINCTIVENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SCIENCE TEACHING IN THE MALAYSIAN ‘SMART SCHOOL’

A recent reform initiative in the Malaysian educational system has sought to develop ‘Smart’ schools, intended to better prepare students for adult life in a developing economy and to increase the flow of young people prepared for scientific and technological careers. The study reported in this paper examined lower-secondary science teaching, comparing two Smart schools officially judged to be successfully implementing the reform, with two neighbouring Mainstream schools. Through analysis of classroom observation, supported by teacher interview and student report, the distinctive features of science teaching in the Smart schools were found to be use of ICT-based resources and of student-centred approaches, often intertwined to provide extended support for learning; accompanied by a near absence of the note giving and copying prevalent in the Mainstream schools. Through analysis of measures of student attitude to science, science process skills, and general science attainment, science teaching in Smart schools was found to be relatively effective overall. However, while the positive attitude effect was general, both academic effects were much weaker amongst students who had been of lower attainment on entry to secondary school.