Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Were You Worried About? Actors' Concerns About Revealing Fears and Insecurities Relative to Observers' Reactions

In three studies, participants provided information about themselves and/or received information provided by a peer describing either personal fears and insecurities or related (but non-negative) information. The results suggest that when individuals disclose fears and insecurities, they think that others will like them less than those others in fact do. Studies 2 and 3 explored two potential sources of this effect. One involved disclosers' heightened perceptions of the negativity of their disclosures; the other involved disclosers' failure to recognize the extent to which recipients' liking for them was influenced by the apparent honesty and genuineness of their disclosures (rather than the negativity of those disclosures). The second of these two sources was supported. Implications for self-disclosure and intimacy are discussed.
Recent Advances in Electrospun Nanofiber Interfaces for Biosensing Devices

Electrospinning has emerged as a very powerful method combining efficiency, versatility and low cost to elaborate scalable ordered and complex nanofibrous assemblies from a rich variety of polymers. Electrospun nanofibers have demonstrated high potential for a wide spectrum of applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, energy conversion and storage, or physical and chemical sensors. The number of works related to biosensing devices integrating electrospun nanofibers has also increased substantially over the last decade. This review provides an overview of the current research activities and new trends in the field. Retaining the bioreceptor functionality is one of the main challenges associated with the production of nanofiber-based biosensing interfaces. The bioreceptors can be immobilized using various strategies, depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of both bioreceptors and nanofiber scaffolds, and on their interfacial interactions. The production of nanobiocomposites constituted by carbon, metal oxide or polymer electrospun nanofibers integrating bioreceptors and conductive nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles) has been one of the major trends in the last few years. The use of electrospun nanofibers in ELISA-type bioassays, lab-on-a-chip and paper-based point-of-care devices is also highly promising. After a short and general description of electrospinning process, the different strategies to produce electrospun nanofiber biosensing interfaces are discussed.
Lack of a temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia following NMDA-induced lesions of the basolateral amygdala assessed with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.

M. Kim and M. Davis (1993b) previously reported that electrolytic lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala, made 6 or 30 days after training, completely blocked the expression of fear-potentiated startle in rats. The present study shows that excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala also block fear-potentiated startle and do so whether the lesions are made soon (i.e., 6 days) or long (i.e., 30 days) after training. The relevance of these findings to various theories of amygdala function is discussed.
Lifestyle correlates of musical preference: 2. Media, leisure time and music

Several studies indicate that musical preferences provide a means of discriminating between social groups, and suggest indirectly that musical preferences should correlate with a variety of different lifestyle choices. In this study, 2532 participants responded to a questionnaire asking them to state their musical preference and also to provide data on various aspects of their lifestyle (namely media preferences, leisure interests and music usage). Numerous associations existed between musical preference and these aspects of participants’ lifestyle. The nature of these associations was consistent in part with previous research on taste publics concerning the high-culture-low-culture divide, such that fans of ‘high-art’ and ‘low-art’ musical styles demonstrated a preference for other ‘high-art’ and ‘low-art’ media objects respectively, as reflected in reading, TV and radio preferences, and leisure activities.
Children with ADHD treated with long-term methylphenidate and multimodal psychosocial treatment: impact on parental practices.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that multimodal psychosocial intervention, which includes parent training, combined with methylphenidate significantly enhances the behavior of parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), compared with methylphenidate alone and compared with methylphenidate and nonspecific psychosocial treatment (attention control). METHOD One hundred three children with ADHD (ages 7-9), free of conduct and learning disorders, who responded to short-term methylphenidate therapy were randomized for 2 years to receive either (1) methylphenidate treatment alone; (2) methylphenidate plus psychosocial treatment that included parent training and counseling, social skills training, academic assistance, and psychotherapy; or (3) methylphenidate plus attention control treatment. Parents rated their knowledge of parenting principles and negative and positive parenting behavior. Children rated their parents' behavior. RESULTS Psychosocial treatment led to significantly better knowledge of parenting principles but did not enhance parenting practices, as rated by parents and children. Significant improvement in mothers' negative parenting occurred across all treatments and was maintained. CONCLUSIONS In nonconduct-disordered, stimulant-treated children with ADHD, parent training does not improve self-rated parental behavior. The benefits of brief stimulant treatment for negative parental behavior are sustained with extended treatment.
Exploring Different Dimensions of Attention for Uncertainty Detection

Neural networks with attention have proven effective for many natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we develop attention mechanisms for uncertainty detection. In particular, we generalize standardly used attention mechanisms by introducing external attention and sequence-preserving attention. These novel architectures differ from standard approaches in that they use external resources to compute attention weights and preserve sequence information. We compare them to other configurations along different dimensions of attention. Our novel architectures set the new state of the art on a Wikipedia benchmark dataset and perform similar to the state-of-the-art model on a biomedical benchmark which uses a large set of linguistic features.
Indicators of Deprivation in People and Places: Longitudinal Perspectives

The Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study of England and Wales is used to describe the prevalence in individuals, over time, of a set of variables commonly used in the construction of indicators of area deprivation. These variables are: housing tenure, car access, low skill, and unemployment. Over three censuses between 1971 and 1991, these states appear neither completely permanent nor entirely random. The picture is one of changing fortunes; many individuals temporarily disadvantaged revolving around a core of those experiencing more long-term disadvantage. This is especially true of unemployment. Used in multivariate models to predict health and deprivation outcomes in 1991, the individual characteristics from both 1971 and 1981 have stronger predictive power than ward scores on deprivation indicators. The relation between spatial mobility and the health and social outcomes appears favourable only for young adults.
Prevalence and Characterization of Class I Integrons among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Patients in Nanjing, China

ABSTRACT Class I integrons were detected in 40.8% (40/98) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and 52.8% (56/106) of Acinetobacter baumannii strains in the Nanjing area of China, including several cassette arrays not previously reported.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of Host Phosphodiesterase-4 Improves Isoniazid-Mediated Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The lengthy duration of multidrug therapy needed to cure tuberculosis (TB) poses significant challenges for global control of the disease. Moreover, chronic inflammation associated with TB leads to pulmonary damage that can remain even after successful cure. Thus, there is a great need for the development of effective shorter drug regimens to improve clinical outcome and strengthen TB control. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is emerging as a novel adjunctive strategy to enhance the efficacy and shorten the duration of TB treatment. Previously, we showed that the administration of CC-3052, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (PDE4i), reduced the host inflammatory response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and improved the antimicrobial efficacy of isoniazid (INH) in both the mouse and rabbit models. In the present study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and explored the mechanism underlying the efficacy of a more potent PDE4i, CC-11050, as adjunct to INH treatment in a mouse model of pulmonary Mtb infection. Genome-wide lung transcriptome analysis confirmed the dampening of inflammation and associated network genes that we previously reported with CC-3052. Consistent with the reduction in inflammation, a significant improvement in Mtb control and pathology was observed in the lungs of mice treated with CC-11050 plus INH, compared to INH alone. This important confirmatory study will be used to help design upcoming human clinical trials with CC-11050 as an HDT for TB treatment.
Power Losses in Long String and Parallel-Connected Short Strings of Series-Connected Silicon-Based Photovoltaic Modules Due to Partial Shading Conditions

Configuration of a photovoltaic (PV) power generator has influence on the operation of the generator, especially if it is prone to partial shading. In this paper, the mismatch losses and the power losses due to failure in tracking of the global maximum power point of a long string of 18 series-connected PV modules and three short strings of six series-connected PV modules connected in parallel are investigated under different partial shading conditions by using a MATLAB Simulink simulation model. The generators with parallel-connected short strings are studied in case when they have the same operating voltage and when they operate as separate strings. The results show that long series connection of modules and parallel connections of strings via a single inverter to the electrical grid should be minimized to avoid losses in case of partial shading conditions. Under partial shading conditions, short strings operating separately have the lowest power losses.
Area-I/O flip-chip routing for chip-package co-design

The area-I/O flip-chip package provides a high chip-density solution to the demand of more I/Opsilas in VLSI designs; it can achieve smaller package size, shorter wirelength, and better signal and power integrity. In this paper, we introduce the routing problem for chip and package co-design and present the first work in the literature to handle the multiple Re-Distribution Layer (RDL) routing problem for flip-chip designs, considering pin and layer assignment, total wirelength minimization, and chip-package co-design. Our router adopts a two-stage technique of global routing followed by RDL routing. The global routing assigns each block port to a unique bump pad via an I/O pad and decides the RDL routing among I/O pads and bump pads. Based on the minimum-cost maximum-flow algorithm, we can guarantee 100% RDL routing completion after the assignment and the optimal solution with the minimum wirelength. The RDL routing efficiently distributes the routing points between two adjacent bump pads and then generates a 100% routable sequence to complete the routing. Experimental results based on 10 industry designs demonstrate that our router can achieve 100% routability and the optimal routing wirelength under reasonable CPU times, while related works cannot.
Financial Opening: Evidence and Policy Options

This paper evaluates the empirical evidence of increasing the chances of financial crises induced by opening up developing countries to short-term capital inflows, and appraises the various proposals made for mitigating the severity of financial crises. We point out that there is solid evidence that financial opening increases the chance of financial crises. There is more tenuous evidence that financial opening contributes positively to long-run growth. Hence, there may be a complex trade off between the adverse intermediate run and the beneficial long run effects of financial opening. The literature is abounded with proposals aimed at improving this intertemporal trade-off, reducing the costs of financial crises. A version of the Lucas critic may limit the welfare gain of these proposals. Hence, a better understanding of the structural characteristics leading to exposure and crises is the key for designing a successful restructuring of the global capital market. Some of the reforms may fall short of success due to coordination failure: they may be effective only if they were adopted comprehensively by all the relevant financial centers. Finally, some of the proposals may be too optimistic, ignoring the time inconsistency and political economy considerations, as well as presuming the ability to verify unambiguously the quality of adjustment.
POSITIVE CHANGES IN OUTLOOK FOLLOWING TRAUMA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SUBSEQUENT POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY

Interest in the potential for positive adjustment following trauma has prompted consideration of its clinical utility in working with people who have been traumatized. However, very little empirical research has addressed the issue of how the experience of positive changes may impact on chronic psychological distress. The present study examined the longitudinal associations of psychological distress (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression, and anxiety) and positive changes over a 6-month interval in 40 people who had been severely traumatized. Analyses indicated that the experience of positive changes predicted lower levels of PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety, over the 6-month interval. The discussion suggests directions for further research and potential implications of the findings for clinical work with traumatized people.
The Elaboration Continuum by Any Other Name Does Not Smell as Sweet

and willing to process them. Thus, far from having collapsed, the theoretical structure on which most of recent persuasion research has been based has remained solid. The major theoretical contribution made by Kruglanski and Thompson may therefore not lie in their rejection of the dual-process assumption but in their demonstration that this assumption was not really essential for most of the theoretical predictions derived from dual-process theories.
Equalities and Gay and Lesbian Young People: Implications for educational psychologists

This paper describes the work of one Educational Psychology Service in examining educational issues around gay and lesbian young people, and exploring how educational psychologists may be able to make a positive contribution. Set within a whole service approach to equalities, the paper suggests concrete ways in which the profession can make a difference for this potentially vulnerable population of young people.
Embodied Conversational Agents as a UI Paradigm: A Framework for Evaluation

Research on embodied conversational agent interfaces has produced widely divergent results. We suggest that this is due to insufficient consideration of key factors that influence the perception and effectiveness of agent-based interfaces. Thus, we propose a framework for the evaluation of conversational agent interfaces that can systematize the research. The framework emphasizes features of the agent, characteristics of the user, and the task the user is performing. We have conducted experiments within this framework. The first study manipulated the agent's appearance (lifelike versus iconic) and the nature of the user's task (carrying out procedures versus providing opinions). We found that the perception of the agent was strongly influenced by the task while features of the agent that we manipulated had little effect. The second study (in progress) manipulates the initiative of the agent (proactive versus reactive). Initial analysis of the data showed that the participants strongly preferred proactive agents while initiative of the agent had little effect on their task performance.
School Leadership and Three Waves of Education Reforms

This paper aims to report how school leadership is challenged by the three waves of education reform and development in Hong Kong. Since the 1970s, school leaders in the first wave were mainly concerned with achievement of the planned goals through improvement of teaching and learning. In the 1990s, school leaders of the second wave often focused on interface improvement through various types of quality inspection and assurance. In facing the challenges in the new century, the third wave of changes in Hong Kong is moving towards the pursuit of future effectiveness. The school leaders need to be concerned with enhancing educational relevance and creating new goals. This paper will discuss how the leadership conceptions and concerns of the third wave in Hong Kong are completely different from the traditional thinking. Implications are drawn for educators, policy-makers, and scholars in different parts of the world.
Student engagement with school: Critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct.

Research supports the connection between engagement, achievement, and school behavior across levels of economic and social advantage and disadvantage. Despite increasing interest and scientific findings, a number of interrelated conceptual and methodological issues must be addressed to advance this construct, particularly for designing data-supported interventions that promote school completion and enhanced educational outcomes for all students. Of particular concern is the need to (a) develop consensus on the name of the construct, (b) identify reliable measures of the dimensions of the construct, and (c) complete the construct validation studies needed to move research and intervention forward. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fear of failure: implications for military health care specialist student training.

During scholastic or physical performance testing, individuals who fear failure tend to focus on their fears instead of the task and often perform poorly. This study examined the relationship between fear-of-failure (FoF) and performance among 200~students (male=140, female =60) attending Health Care Specialist Advanced Individual Training (AIT) at Ft. Sam Houston. Performance measures included grade point average, pass/fail status, Army Physical Fitness Test scores, and number of musculoskeletal injuries. Pearson Product Moment Correlations revealed that Soldiers who scored higher on a FoF scale also had higher final grades (r=0.16, p=0.02, r;{2}=0.026). No significant correlations were found between FoF and other performance measures. While the variation in GPA accounted for by FoF was small (2.6%), this finding demonstrates a positive relationship that differs from previous studies. This finding may be explained by the concepts of failure avoidance and success orientation (self confidence and motivation), as well as the unique military setting. Suggestions for designing military educational interventions during AIT and throughout one's military career are offered.
Scottish devolution and the Scottish diaspora

This paper describes the relationship that exists between Scotland and its diaspora and the ways in which this has changed since the advent of devolution. Based on interviews carried out primarily in the United States, it explores how members of the diaspora have adopted a less historical and sentimental approach to their ‘homeland’ and are increasingly knowledgeable about Scottish constitutional change. In part this has resulted from the growth of the internet and the ease of finding out about developments in Scotland itself, as well as the greater ease and affordability of travel back to Scotland. But, most importantly, the existence of a government in Edinburgh has allowed Scottish politicians and organizations to engage with the diaspora in events such as Tartan Day, in a way in which London-based politicians were never likely to do. Tourist developments promoted by the Scottish government, such as the Year of Homecoming in 2009, have also been highly significant. Thus links between Scotland and its diaspora have been changed and strengthened in various ways.
Impact of Structural and Psychological Empowerment on Job Strain in Nursing Work Settings: Expanding Kanter’s Model

Objective In this study, we tested an expanded model of Kanter’s structural empowerment, which specified the relationships among structural and psychological empowerment, job strain, and work satisfaction. Background Strategies proposed in Kanter’s empowerment theory have the potential to reduce job strain and improve employee work satisfaction and performance in current restructured healthcare settings. The addition to the model of psychological empowerment as an outcome of structural empowerment provides an understanding of the intervening mechanisms between structural work conditions and important organizational outcomes. Methods A predictive, nonexperimental design was used to test the model in a random sample of 404 Canadian staff nurses. The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire, the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire, the Job Content Questionnaire, and the Global Satisfaction Scale were used to measure the major study variables. Results Structural equation modelling analyses revealed a good fit of the hypothesized model to the data based on various fit indices (χ2 = 1140, df = 545, χ2/df ratio = 2.09, CFI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.050). The amount of variance accounted for in the model was 58%. Staff nurses felt that structural empowerment in their workplace resulted in higher levels of psychological empowerment. These heightened feelings of psychological empowerment in turn strongly influenced job strain and work satisfaction. However, job strain did not have a direct effect on work satisfaction. Conclusions These results provide initial support for an expanded model of organizational empowerment and offer a broader understanding of the empowerment process.
Quality of Life of Older Malaysians Living Alone

According to the 2000 census report, about 7% of the 1.4 million people 60 years and over in Malaysia live alone. This study investigated socioeconomic factors affecting the quality of life of this vulnerable population. Data from a subsample of the study on Mental Health and Quality of Life of Older Malaysians were used in this paper. About 10% of the original sample or 299 older persons aged 60 years and over were living alone. Perceived quality of life was measured by asking “In general, how do you perceive your quality of life? ” on a 5-point Likert Scale response. A multinomial regression model was utilized to identify variables associated with perceived quality of life in older person living alone. Results revealed four factors significantly predicted their perceived quality of life, which include self rated health, gender, employment status, and level of education. In conclusion, self rated health and level of education had significant positive effects on perceived quality of life; elderly women and employed older persons were more likely to fall in the poor perceived quality of life group. The findings of this study posited that self-rated health and level of education have significant positive effects on the perceived quality of life; being female and employed are related to lower quality of life of an older person living alone.