Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limited Feedback in Single and Multi-User MIMO Systems With Finite-Bit ADCs

Communication systems with low-resolution analog-to-digital-converters (ADCs) can exploit channel state information at the transmitter and receiver. This paper presents codebook designs and performance analyses for limited feedback MIMO systems with finite-bit ADCs. A point-to-point single-user channel is firstly considered. When the received signal is sliced by 1-bit ADCs, the absolute phase at the receiver is important to align the phase of the received signals. A new codebook design for beamforming, which separately quantizes the channel direction and the residual phase, is therefore proposed. For the multi-bit case where the optimal transmission method is unknown, suboptimal Gaussian signaling and eigenvector beamforming is assumed to obtain a lower bound of the achievable rate. It is found that to limit the rate loss, more feedback bits are needed in the medium SNR regime than the low and high SNR regimes, which is quite different from the conventional infinite-bit ADC case. Second, a multi-user system where a multiple-antenna transmitter sends signals to multiple single-antenna receivers with finite-bit ADCs is considered. Based on the derived performance loss due to finite-bit ADCs and finite-bit CSI feedback, the number of bits per feedback should increase linearly with the ADC resolution in order to restrict the rate loss.
RANTES, eotaxin and eotaxin‐2 expression and production in patients with aspirin triad

Background: Polyposis, asthma, aspirin‐intolerance and aspirin‐triad are mostly accompanied with eosinophilia of mucosal airways. Chemotactic cytokines, the CC‐chemokines regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed (RANTES), eotaxin, and eotaxin‐2 activate and attract eosinophilic leukocytes to the site of inflammation. This points to the implication of CC‐chemokines in eosinophilia of nasal tissue of these diseases.
Accelerated Alternating Projections for Robust Principal Component Analysis

We study robust PCA for the fully observed setting, which is about separating a low rank matrix $\boldsymbol{L}$ and a sparse matrix $\boldsymbol{S}$ from their sum $\boldsymbol{D}=\boldsymbol{L}+\boldsymbol{S}$. In this paper, a new algorithm, dubbed accelerated alternating projections, is introduced for robust PCA which significantly improves the computational efficiency of the existing alternating projections proposed in [Netrapalli, Praneeth, et al., 2014] when updating the low rank factor. The acceleration is achieved by first projecting a matrix onto some low dimensional subspace before obtaining a new estimate of the low rank matrix via truncated SVD. Exact recovery guarantee has been established which shows linear convergence of the proposed algorithm. Empirical performance evaluations establish the advantage of our algorithm over other state-of-the-art algorithms for robust PCA.
Large-Scale Temporal Gene Expression Profiling During Gonadal Differentiation and Early Gametogenesis in Rainbow Trout1

Abstract The overall understanding of the sex differentiation cascade in vertebrates is still growing slowly, probably because of the variety of vertebrate models used and the number of molecular players yet to be discovered. Finding conserved mechanisms among vertebrates should provide a better view of the key factors involved in this process. To this end, we used real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to produce a temporal map of fluctuations in mRNA expression of 102 genes during sex differentiation and early gametogenesis in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We used these 102 temporal gene expression patterns as a basis for a hierarchical clustering analysis to find characteristic clusters of coexpressed genes. Analysis of some of these gene clusters suggested a conserved overall expression profile between the sex differentiation cascade in fish and mammals. Among these conserved molecular mechanisms, sox9, dmrt1, amh, nr5a1, nr0b1, igf1, and igf1ra are, for instance, characterized as early expressed genes involved in trout testicular differentiation as it is known or suggested in mammals. On the contrary, foxl2, fst, and lhr are characterized as early expressed genes during trout ovarian differentiation, as also found in mammals. Apart from this high conservation, our analysis suggests some potential new players, such as the fshb subunit gene, which is detected here for the first time, to our knowledge, in the female differentiating gonad of a vertebrate species and displays a specific overexpression that coincides in timing with the occurrence of first oocyte meioses, or the pax2 gene, which displays an early and testis-specific expression profile.
Comparative aspects of cortical neurogenesis in vertebrates

The mammalian neocortex consists of six layers. By contrast, the reptilian and avian cortices have only three, which are believed to be equivalent to layers I, V and VI of mammals. In mammals, the majority of cortical cell proliferation occurs in the ventricular and subventricular zones, but there are a small number of scattered individual divisions throughout the cortex. Neurogenesis in the cortical subventricular zone is believed to contribute to the supragranular layers. To estimate the proportions of different forms of divisions in reptiles and birds, we examined the site of proliferation in embryonic turtle (stages 18–25) and chick (embryonic days 8–15) brains using phospho‐histone H3 (a G2 and M phase marker) immunohistochemistry. In turtle, only few scattered abventricular H3‐immunoreactive cells were found outside the ventricular zone; the majority of the H3‐immunoreactive cells were located in the ventricular zone throughout the entire turtle brain. Ventricular zone cell proliferation peaks at stages 18 and 20, before an increase of abventricular proliferation at stages 23 and 25. In turtle cortex, however, abventricular proliferation at any given stage never exceeded 17.5 ± 2.47% of the total division and the mitotic profiles did not align parallel to the ventricular zone. Phospho‐histone H3 immunoreactivity in embryonic chick brains suggests the lack of subventricular zone in the dorsal cortex, but the presence of subventricular zone in the ventral telencephalon. We were able to demonstrate that the avian subventricular zone is present in both pallial and subpallial regions of the ventral telencephalon during embryonic development, and we characterize the spatial and temporal organization of the subventricular zone. Comparative studies suggest that the subventricular zone was involved in the laminar expansion of the cortex to six layers in mammals from the three‐layered cortex found in reptiles and birds. Within mammals, the number of neurons in a cortical column appears to be largely constant; nevertheless, there are considerable differences between the germinal zones in mammalian species. It is yet to be determined whether these elaborations of the subventricular zone may have contributed to cell diversity, tangential expansion or gyrus formation of the neocortex and whether it might have been the major driving force behind the evolution of the six‐layered neocortex in mammals.
Rapid Assessment of Ecosystem Service Co-Benefits of Biodiversity Priority Areas in Madagascar

The importance of ecosystems for supporting human well-being is increasingly recognized by both the conservation and development sectors. Our ability to conserve ecosystems that people rely on is often limited by a lack of spatially explicit data on the location and distribution of ecosystem services (ES), the benefits provided by nature to people. Thus there is a need to map ES to guide conservation investments, to ensure these co-benefits are maintained. To target conservation investments most effectively, ES assessments must be rigorous enough to support conservation planning, rapid enough to respond to decision-making timelines, and often must rely on existing data. We developed a framework for rapid spatial assessment of ES that relies on expert and stakeholder consultation, available data, and spatial analyses in order to rapidly identify sites providing multiple benefits. We applied the framework in Madagascar, a country with globally significant biodiversity and a high level of human dependence on ecosystems. Our objective was to identify the ES co-benefits of biodiversity priority areas in order to guide the investment strategy of a global conservation fund. We assessed key provisioning (fisheries, hunting and non-timber forest products, and water for domestic use, agriculture, and hydropower), regulating (climate mitigation, flood risk reduction and coastal protection), and cultural (nature tourism) ES. We also conducted multi-criteria analyses to identify sites providing multiple benefits. While our approach has limitations, including the reliance on proximity-based indicators for several ES, the results were useful for targeting conservation investments by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF). Because our approach relies on available data, standardized methods for linking ES provision to ES use, and expert validation, it has the potential to quickly guide conservation planning and investment decisions in other data-poor regions.
Twelve tips to stimulate intrinsic motivation in students through autonomy-supportive classroom teaching derived from Self-Determination Theory

Background: Self-Determination Theory (SDT) of motivations distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Intrinsic motivation is observed when one engages in an activity out of genuine interest and is truly self-determined. Intrinsic motivation is the desired type of motivation for study as it is associated with deep learning, better performance and positive well-being in comparison to extrinsic motivation. It is dependent on the fulfilment of three basic psychological needs described by SDT. These are the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. According to SDT, autonomy-supportive teaching is important, because it makes students feel autonomous and competent in their learning and also supported (relatedness) by their teachers. Aim: The concept of autonomy-supportive teaching is relevant to medical education, but less known. Through this article, we aim to make this concept understood and practically used by medical teachers. Methods: We used SDT literature as a basis to formulate these 12 tips. Results: We present 12 practical tips derived from SDT, for teachers in health professions, on how to engage in autonomy-supportive teaching behaviours in order to stimulate intrinsic motivation in their students. Conclusion: These tips demonstrate that it is not difficult to engage in autonomy-supportive teaching behaviour. It can be learned through practice and self-reflection on teaching practices.
Forward and Reverse Gradient-Based Hyperparameter Optimization

We study two procedures (reverse-mode and forward-mode) for computing the gradient of the validation error with respect to the hyperparameters of any iterative learning algorithm such as stochastic gradient descent. These procedures mirror two methods of computing gradients for recurrent neural networks and have different trade-offs in terms of running time and space requirements. Our formulation of the reverse-mode procedure is linked to previous work by Maclaurin et al. [2015] but does not require reversible dynamics. The forward-mode procedure is suitable for real-time hyperparameter updates, which may significantly speed up hyperparameter optimization on large datasets. We present experiments on data cleaning and on learning task interactions. We also present one large-scale experiment where the use of previous gradient-based methods would be prohibitive.
Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels.

and Fuels Changzhi Li,† Xiaochen Zhao,† Aiqin Wang,† George W. Huber,†,‡ and Tao Zhang*,† †State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
Labeled Sequent Calculus and Countermodel Construction for Justification Logics

Justification logics are modal-like logics that provide a framework for reasoning about justifications. This paper introduces labeled sequent calculi for justification logics, as well as for hybrid modal-justification logics. Using the method due to Sara Negri, we internalize the Kripke-style semantics of justification logics, known as Fitting models, within the syntax of the sequent calculus to produce labeled sequent calculus. We show that our labeled sequent calculi enjoy a weak subformula property, all of the rules are invertible and the structural rules (weakening and contraction) and cut are admissible. Finally soundness and completeness are established, and termination of proof search for some of the labeled systems are shown. We describe a procedure, for some of the labeled systems, which produces a derivation for valid sequents and a countermodel for non-valid sequents. We also show a model correspondence for justification logics in the context of labeled sequent calculus.
Decorrelation by Recurrent Inhibition in Heterogeneous Neural Circuits

The activity of neurons is correlated, and this correlation affects how the brain processes information. We study the neural circuit mechanisms of correlations by analyzing a network model characterized by strong and heterogeneous interactions: excitatory input drives the fluctuations of neural activity, which are counterbalanced by inhibitory feedback. In particular, excitatory input tends to correlate neurons, while inhibitory feedback reduces correlations. We demonstrate that heterogeneity of synaptic connections is necessary for this inhibition of correlations. We calculate statistical averages over the disordered synaptic interactions and apply our findings to both a simple linear model and a more realistic spiking network model. We find that correlations at zero time lag are positive and of magnitude , where K is the number of connections to a neuron. Correlations at longer timescales are of smaller magnitude, of order K−1, implying that inhibition of correlations occurs quickly, on a timescale of . The small magnitude of correlations agrees qualitatively with physiological measurements in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. The model could be used to study correlations in brain regions dominated by recurrent inhibition, such as the striatum and globus pallidus.
Protective Role of Taurine against Arsenic-Induced Mitochondria-Dependent Hepatic Apoptosis via the Inhibition of PKCδ-JNK Pathway

Background Oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxic effect of arsenic (As) is mainly due to the depletion of glutathione (GSH) in liver. Taurine, on the other hand, enhances intracellular production of GSH. Little is known about the mechanism of the beneficial role of taurine in As-induced hepatic pathophysiology. Therefore, in the present study we investigated its beneficial role in As-induced hepatic cell death via mitochondria-mediated pathway. Methodology/Principal Findings Rats were exposed to NaAsO2 (2 mg/kg body weight for 6 months) and the hepatic tissue was used for oxidative stress measurements. In addition, the pathophysiologic effect of NaAsO2 (10 µM) on hepatocytes was evaluated by determining cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS generation. As caused mitochondrial injury by increased oxidative stress and reciprocal regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL/Bad, Bax, Bim in association with increased level of Apaf-1, activation of caspase 9/3, cleavage of PARP protein and ultimately led to apoptotic cell death. In addition, As markedly increased JNK and p38 phosphorylation with minimal disturbance of ERK. Pre-exposure of hepatocytes to a JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented As-induced caspase-3 activation, ROS production and loss in cell viability. Pre-exposure of hepatocytes to a p38 inhibitor SB2035, on the other hand, had practically no effect on these events. Besides, As activated PKCδ and pre-treatment of hepatocytes with its inhibitor, rottlerin, suppressed the activation of JNK indicating that PKCδ is involved in As-induced JNK activation and mitochondrial dependent apoptosis. Oral administration of taurine (50 mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks) both pre and post to NaAsO2 exposure or incubation of the hepatocytes with taurine (25 mM) were found to be effective in counteracting As-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance Results indicate that taurine treatment improved As-induced hepatic damages by inhibiting PKCδ-JNK signalling pathways. Therefore taurine supplementation could provide a new approach for the reduction of hepatic complication due to arsenic poisoning.
Resistance to Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Various Soybean Lines Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Abstract The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. , native to Asia, has recently become a principal pest of this crop in many areas of North America. Insecticides are currently used to manage A. glycines, but host plant resistance is a potential alternative management tool. Tests were conducted to determine resistance to A. glycines among soybean lines. ‘Cobb,’ ‘Tie-feng 8,’ and ‘Jackson’ were resistant to population growth of A. glycines compared with ‘Cook’ and ‘91B91,’ a susceptible control. Antibiosis was evident in Cobb, Jackson, and Tie-feng 8 from lowered survival of first generation A. glycines, and in Cobb, Jackson, Tie-feng 8, and ‘Braxton’ from diminished reproduction by first generation aphids. Antixenosis was apparent in Cobb and Jackson during initial infestation of aphid population growth tests, because A. glycines were unsettled and dispersed readily from placement points on unifoliolate leaves. Decreased nymphiposition by A. glycines occurred on Cobb and Jackson, and it may have been caused by antibiotic chemicals in these lines, failure of aphids to settle, or both. Differences in distribution of A. glycines between unifoliolate leaves and other shoot structures suggest that unifoliolate leaves were acceptable feeding sites on 91B91 and Cook, whereas unifoliolate leaves and other shoot structures were roughly equally acceptable feeding sites on Braxton, Tie-feng 8, Jackson, and Cobb. However, Jackson and Cobb had relatively low counts of A. glycines on shoots that may have been due to abandonment of plants by aphids, decreased aphid survival, or both. Results confirm earlier findings that Jackson is a strong source of resistance to A. glycines, and they suggest that Tie-feng 8, Braxton, and especially Cobb are potentially useful sources of resistance.
ICAM-3 interacts with LFA-1 and regulates the LFA-1/ICAM-1 cell adhesion pathway

The interaction of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with its ligands mediates multiple cell adhesion processes of capital importance during immune responses. We have obtained three anti-ICAM-3 mAbs which recognize two different epitopes (A and B) on the intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) as demonstrated by sequential immunoprecipitation and cross-competitive mAb-binding experiments. Immunoaffinity purified ICAM-3-coated surfaces were able to support T lymphoblast attachment upon cell stimulation with both phorbol esters and cross-linked CD3, as well as by mAb engagement of the LFA-1 molecule with the activating anti-LFA-1 NKI-L16 mAb. T cell adhesion to purified ICAM-3 was completely inhibited by cell pretreatment with mAbs to the LFA-1 alpha (CD11a) or the LFA-beta (CD18) integrin chains. Anti-ICAM-3 mAbs specific for epitope A, but not those specific for epitope B, were able to trigger T lymphoblast homotypic aggregation. ICAM-3-mediated cell aggregation was dependent on the LFA-1/ICAM-1 pathway as demonstrated by blocking experiments with mAbs specific for the LFA-1 and ICAM-1 molecules. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies on ICAM-3-induced cell aggregates revealed that both LFA-1 and ICAM-1 were mainly located at intercellular boundaries. ICAM-3 was located at cellular uropods, which in small aggregates appeared to be implicated in cell-cell contacts, whereas in large aggregates it appeared to be excluded from cell-cell contact areas. Experiments of T cell adhesion to a chimeric ICAM-1-Fc molecule revealed that the proaggregatory anti-ICAM-3 HP2/19 mAb was able to increase T lymphoblast attachment to ICAM-1, suggesting that T cell aggregation induced by this mAb could be mediated by increasing the avidity of LFA-1 for ICAM-1. Moreover, the HP2/19 mAb was costimulatory with anti-CD3 mAb for T lymphocyte proliferation, indicating that enhancement of T cell activation could be involved in ICAM-3-mediated adhesive phenomena. Altogether, our results indicate that ICAM-3 has a regulatory role on the LFA-1/ICAM-1 pathway of intercellular adhesion.
Fast robust correlation

A new, fast, statistically robust, exhaustive, translational image-matching technique is presented: fast robust correlation. Existing methods are either slow or non-robust, or rely on optimization. Fast robust correlation works by expressing a robust matching surface as a series of correlations. Speed is obtained by computing correlations in the frequency domain. Computational cost is analyzed and the method is shown to be fast. Speed is comparable to conventional correlation and, for large images, thousands of times faster than direct robust matching. Three experiments demonstrate the advantage of the technique over standard correlation.
Effect of pre-processing methods on microarray-based SVM classifiers in affymetrix genechips

Affymetrix High Oligonucleotide expression arrays are widely used for the high-throughput assessment of gene expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. Although disputed by several authors, there are non-biological variations and systematic biases that must be removed as much as possible through the pre-processing step before an absolute expression level for every gene is assessed. It is important to evaluate microarray pre-processing procedures not only to the detection of differentially expressed genes, but also to classification, since a major use of microarrays is the expression-based phenotype classification. Thus, in this paper, we use several cancer microarray datasets to assess the influence of five different pre-processing methods in Support Vector Machine-based classification methodologies with different kernels: linear, Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) and polynomial.