Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of the Yoshizawa effect in the Archontis dynamo

The generation of mean magnetic fields is studied for a simple non-helical flow where a net cross helicity of either sign can emerge. This flow, which is a lso known as the Archontis flow, is a generalization of the Arnold‐Beltrami‐Childress flow, but with the cosine terms omitted. The presence of cross helicity leads to a mean-field dynamo effect that is known as the Yoshizawa effect. Direct numerical simulations of such flows demonstrate the presence of magnetic fields on scales larger than the scale of the flow. Con trary to earlier expectations, the Yoshizawa effect is found to be proportional to the mean magnetic field and can therefore lead to its exponential instead of just linear amplification for magnetic Reynolds numbers that exceed a certain critical value. Unlike α effect dynamos, it is found that the Yoshizawa effect is not noticeably constrained by the presence of a conservat ion law. It is argued that this is due to the presence of a forcing term in the momentum equation which leads to a nonzero correlation with the magnetic field. Finally, the applicati on to energy convergence in solar wind turbulence is discussed.
Harnessing Our Inner Angels and Demons: What We Have Learned About Want/Should Conflicts and How That Knowledge Can Help Us Reduce Short-Sighted Decision Making

Although observers of human behavior have long been aware that people regularly struggle with internal conflict when deciding whether to behave responsibly or indulge in impulsivity, psychologists and economists did not begin to empirically investigate this type of want/should conflict until recently. In this article, we review and synthesize the latest research on want/should conflict, focusing our attention on the findings from an empirical literature on the topic that has blossomed over the last 15 years. We then turn to a discussion of how individuals and policy makers can use what has been learned about want/should conflict to help decision makers select far-sighted options.
Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Pressure Pain Threshold and EMG Power Spectrum of Masseter Muscle During Sustained Fatiguing Contraction

Kim C, McCall WD, Kim YK, Chung, JW: Effect of botulinum toxin on pressure pain threshold and EMG power spectrum of masseter muscle during sustained fatiguing contraction. Objectives:The aims of this study were to test the effect of botulinum toxin on a reversible, prolonged, experimental pain and on muscle fatigue in human masseter muscle, both caused by a sustained clench. Design:The masseter muscles were injected with botulinum toxin in 19 subjects and with isotonic saline in 16 subjects. We measured electromyographic activity at maximum voluntary contraction, pressure pain threshold before and after a 70% maximum voluntary contraction clench sustained to pain tolerance, and the median frequency of the electromyographic power spectrum during that clench at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 mos after botulinum toxin or saline injection. Results:After botulinum toxin injection, the botulinum toxin group had a reduced maximum voluntary contraction for the ensuing 3 mos and smaller decreases in pressure pain threshold from before to after the sustained clench. Also, the change in median frequency from before to after the sustained clench did not significantly differ during the postinjection sessions. However, postinjection, preclench median frequency was lower in the group injected with botulinum toxin. Conclusions:We interpret the reduced change in pressure pain threshold with botulinum toxin as a clinically modest but statistically significant analgesic effect on this model of acute muscle pain.
The Farnesoid X Receptor Modulates Adiposity and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Mice*

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor that plays a major role in the regulation of BA and lipid metabolism. Recently, several studies have suggested a potential role of FXR in the control of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, but its contribution to the maintenance of peripheral glucose homeostasis remains to be established. FXR-deficient mice display decreased adipose tissue mass, lower serum leptin concentrations, and elevated plasma free fatty acid levels. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed that FXR deficiency is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Moreover, whole-body glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp is decreased in FXR-deficient mice. In parallel, FXR deficiency alters distal insulin signaling, as reflected by decreased insulin-dependent Akt phosphorylation in both white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Whereas FXR is not expressed in skeletal muscle, it was detected at a low level in white adipose tissue in vivo and induced during adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Moreover, mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from FXR-deficient mice displayed impaired adipocyte differentiation, identifying a direct role for FXR in adipocyte function. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the FXR-specific synthetic agonist GW4064 enhanced insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Finally, treatment with GW4064 improved insulin resistance in genetically obese ob/ob mice in vivo. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be unraveled, these results clearly identify a novel role of FXR in the regulation of peripheral insulin sensitivity and adipocyte function. This unexpected function of FXR opens new perspectives for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Design Framework for an Adaptive MOOC Enhanced by Blended Learning: Supplementary Training and Personalized Learning for Teacher Professional Development.

The research project has developed a design framework for an adaptive MOOC that complements the MOOC format with blended learning. The design framework consists of a design model and a series of learning design principles which can be used to design in-service courses for teacher professional development. The framework has been evaluated by alpha-testing and beta-testing, and the relationship between design principles and the intended, the implemented and the attained designs has been analyzed. The project is methodologically inspired by Design Based Research.
Use of a scanning optical profilometer for toolmark characterization

An optical profilometer has been used to obtain 3-dimensional data for use in two research projects concerning toolmark quantification and identification. In the first study quantitative comparisons between toolmarks made using data from the optical system proved superior to similar data obtained using a stylus profilometer. In the second study the ability of the instrument to obtain accurate data from two surfaces intersecting at a high angle (approximately 90 degrees) is demonstrated by obtaining measurements from the tip of a flat screwdriver. The data obtained was used to produce a computer generated "virtual tool," which was then employed to create "virtual tool marks. " How these experiments were conducted and the results obtained will be presented and discussed.
Wanting to Be Different Predicts Nonmotivated Change

Actual–desired discrepancies in people’s self-concepts represent structural incongruities in their self-representations that can lead people to experience subjective conflict. Theory and research suggest that structural incongruities predict susceptibility to subtle influences like priming and conditioning. Although typically examined for their motivational properties, we hypothesized that because self-discrepancies represent structural incongruities in people’s self-concepts, they should also predict susceptibility to subtle influences on people’s active self-views. Across three studies, we found that subtle change inductions (self-evaluative conditioning and priming) exerted greater impact on active self-perceptions and behavior as actual–desired self-discrepancies increased in magnitude. Exploratory analyses suggested that these changes occurred regardless of the compatibility of the change induction with individuals’ desired self-views.
Accuracy of transbronchial needle aspiration for mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis

Background: The reported accuracy of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) for mediastinal staging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varies widely. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the accuracy of TBNA for mediastinal staging in NSCLC. Methods: Medline, Embase, and the bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched for studies evaluating TBNA accuracy with no language restriction. Meta-analytical methods were used to construct summary receiver-operating characteristic curves and to pool sensitivity and specificity. Results: Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria, including six studies that surgically confirmed all TBNA results and enrolled at least 10 patients with and without mediastinal metastasis (tier 1). Methodological quality varied but did not affect diagnostic accuracy. In tier 1 studies the median prevalence of mediastinal metastasis was 34%. Using a random effects model, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 39% (95% CI 17 to 61) and 99% (95% CI 96 to 100), respectively. Compared with tier 1 studies, the median prevalence of mediastinal metastasis (81%; p = 0.002) and pooled sensitivity (78%; 95% CI 71 to 84; p = 0.009) were higher in non-tier 1 studies. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the sensitivity of TBNA depends critically on the prevalence of mediastinal metastasis. The pooled major complication rate was 0.3% (95% CI 0.01 to 4). Conclusions: When properly performed, TBNA is highly specific for identifying mediastinal metastasis in patients with NSCLC, but sensitivity depends critically on the study methods and patient population. In populations with a lower prevalence of mediastinal metastasis, the sensitivity of TBNA is much lower than reported in recent lung cancer guidelines.
Mediastinal endocrine neoplasm in patients with multiple endocrine adenomatosis. A previously unrecognized association

Three cases of multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA) associated with a mediastinal endocrine neoplasm are presented. The mediastinal tumor was morphologically identical to the one described by us in 8 patients who did not have MEA. It behaved in an aggressive fashion and was the cause of death in all 3 cases. We regard this neoplasm as belonging to the family of carcinoid tumors and suggest an origin from the thymus gland.
Enhancement of echo-signal correlation in elastography using temporal stretching

Echo-signal decorrelation due to tissue compression is a significant source of error in tissue displacement estimates obtained using crosscorrelation. Tissue displacement estimates are used to compute strain values for imaging the elasticity of biological soft tissues. The correlation coefficient between the pre- and post-compression echo rf signals reduces rapidly with signal decorrelation due to increased compression. Miniscule reductions in the value of the correlation coefficient can have a significant impact on the performance of the strain estimator as illustrated by the strain filter. Reducing the rate of signal decorrelation using temporal stretching (which improves the value of the correlation coefficient), significantly improves the performance of the strain filter. The reduction in the rate of signal decorrelation with the subsequent increase in the correlation coefficient using temporal stretching is discussed in this paper. Theoretical, simulation and experimental results quantify the enhancement in the value of the correlation coefficient attained with temporal stretching.
Surgical treatment of articular calcaneal fractures.

BACKGROUND Although Leriche (in 1921) and Judet (in 1954) introduced screw or plate fixation of the broken calcaneus, surgical treatment using open anatomical reduction and stable internal osteosynthesis only appeared in the early 1980s. This was made possible by the introduction of imaging methods such as CT, which allowed for better detection of the fracture pathology and provided the basis for new surgical strategies, e.g. anatomically-shaped calcaneal plates, available since the early 1990s. MATERIAL AND METHODS During a 3-year period (2002-2005) the authors operated 23 dislocated calcaneal fractures (19 men, 4 women, 19-57 years of age) involving the posterior calcaneo-talar joint (Sanders II and III according to CT-based classification). Treatment involved open reduction and internal fixation of the calcaneus through an extended lateral approach. Fixation was performed using lag screws and a reconstruction plate. We describe both the anatomic results (evaluation of the posterior articular surface of the calcaneus and the Bohler angle) and the functional outcome, using the Creighton-Nebraska system. RESULTS In this prospectively evaluated group we achieved 12 good and 11 very good anatomical results, and 2 fair, 16 good and 5 very good functional outcomes at follow-up (at least one year after surgery). Infections occurred in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS The treatment option described here requires careful preoperative planning, with evaluation of the fracture pattern and patient condition, and good surgical expertise, but it provides good medium-term (1-3 years) outcome. The presence ofa good or very good reduction does not always correlate with the functional outcome.
The effect of pre‐emptive use of minimal dose fentanyl on fentanyl‐induced coughing

We performed a randomised, double‐blind study to evaluate the effect of the pre‐emptive use of minimal dose intravenous fentanyl (25 μg) on the incidence of cough caused by a larger bolus of intravenous fentanyl. Six hundred patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive either 0.5 ml saline 0.9% 1 min before administration of fentanyl 150 μg (3 ml), or pre‐emptive fentanyl 25 μg (0.5 ml) 1 min before administration of fentanyl 125 μg or 150 μg. The incidence of fentanyl‐induced cough was significantly lower in both pre‐emptive groups (7 (3.5%) for 125 μg fentanyl and 15 (7.5%) for 150 μg fentanyl) than in the saline group (37 (18.5%); p = 0.001). We conclude that pre‐emptive use of fentanyl 25 μg, administered 1 min before bolus injection of fentanyl (125 or 150 μg), can effectively suppress fentanyl‐induced cough.
Learning from play: design and technology, imagination and playful thinking

This paper considers what children can learn from play and explores what can be learned from a comparison between play and DT 'decentration' and the development of flexible thinking and, finally, mediation and the development of forms of representation. The High/Scope approach is described as an example of an early years curriculum which actively supports these functions of play and the relevance of this approach to the teaching of D&T is considered. It is argued that D&T teaching, like play, can help to promote creative, critical and playful thinking by helping children to internalise and develop their imagination. It is also argued that the development of imagination is dependent on learning to use tools of thought and that these tools evolve as they are used in playful, innovative ways.
Validity of four screening scales for major depression in MS

Background: There is a role for brief assessment instruments in detection and management of major depression in MS. However, candidate scales have rarely been validated against a validated diagnostic interview. In this study, we evaluated the performance of several candidate scales: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, PHQ-2, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression rating scale (CES-D), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) in relation to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Methods: The sample was an unselected series of 152 patients attending a multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic. Participants completed the scales during a clinic visit or returned them by mail. The SCID was administered by telephone within two weeks. The diagnosis of major depressive episode, according to the SCID, was used as a reference standard. Receiver-operator curves (ROC) were fitted and indices of measurement accuracy were calculated. Results: All of the scales performed well, each having an area under the ROC > 90%. For example, the PHQ-9 had 95% sensitivity and 88.3% specificity when scored with a cut-point of 11. This cut-point achieved a 56% positive predictive value for major depression. Conclusions: While all of the scales performed well in terms of their sensitivity and specificity, the availability of the PHQ-9 in the public domain and its brevity may enhance the feasibility of its use.
A Comprehensive EA Benefit Realization Model--An Exploratory Study

Enterprise architecture (EA) management has become an intensively discussed approach to manage enterprise transformations. While there is a strong interest in EA frameworks and EA modeling, a lack of knowledge remains about the theoretical foundation of EA benefits. In this paper, we identify EA success factors and EA benefits through a literature review, and integrate these findings with the DeLone & McLean IS success model to propose a theoretical model explaining the realization of EA benefits. In addition, we conducted semi-structured interviews with EA experts for a preliminary validation and further exploration of the model. We see this model as a first step to gain insights in and start a discussion on the theory of EA benefit realization. In future research, we plan to empirically validate the proposed model.
The fish embryo toxicity test as a replacement for the larval growth and survival test: A comparison of test sensitivity and identification of alternative endpoints in zebrafish and fathead minnows

The fish embryo toxicity (FET) test has been proposed as an alternative to the larval growth and survival (LGS) test. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the sensitivity of the FET and LGS tests in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and to determine if the inclusion of sublethal metrics as test endpoints could enhance test utility. In both species, LGS and FET tests were conducted using 2 simulated effluents. A comparison of median lethal concentrations determined via each test revealed significant differences between test types; however, it could not be determined which test was the least and/or most sensitive. At the conclusion of each test, developmental abnormalities and the expression of genes related to growth and toxicity were evaluated. Fathead minnows and zebrafish exposed to mock municipal wastewater‐treatment plant effluent in a FET test experienced an increased incidence of pericardial edema and significant alterations in the expression of genes including insulin‐like growth factors 1 and 2, heat shock protein 70, and cytochrome P4501A, suggesting that the inclusion of these endpoints could enhance test utility. The results not only show the utility of the fathead minnow FET test as a replacement for the LGS test but also provide evidence that inclusion of additional endpoints could improve the predictive power of the FET test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1369–1381. © 2015 SETAC
Sexually Aggressive Children: Coming To Understand Them

Foreword - William N Friedrich Preface - Alison Gray and William Pithers Introduction - Sharon K Araji Identifying, Labeling and Explaining Children's Sexually Aggressive Behaviors - Sharon K Araji Sexually Aggressive Children - Sharon K Araji Social Demographics and Psychological Characteristics Sexually Abusive Children - Sharon K Araji and Rebecca L Bosek Familial, Extrafamilial Environments and Situational Risk Factors Theories Explaining Children's Sexually Abusive and Sexually Aggressive Behaviors - Sharon K Araji Redirecting Children's Sexually Abusive and Sexually Aggressive Behaviors - Elizabeth A Sirles, Sharon K Araji and Rebecca L Bosek Programs and Practices Closing the Cracks - Sharon K Araji Systemwide Response Needed
Future Context Attention for Unidirectional LSTM Based Acoustic Model

Recently, feedforward sequential memory networks (FSMN) has shown strong ability to model past and future long-term dependency in speech signals without using recurrent feedback, and has achieved better performance than BLSTM in acoustic modeling. However, the encoding coefficients in FSMN is context-independent while context-dependent weights are commonly supposed to be more reasonable in acoustic modeling. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture called attention-based LSTM, which employs context-dependent scores or context-dependent weights to encode temporal future context information with the help of a kind of attention mechanism for unidirectional LSTM based acoustic model. Preliminary experimental results on TIMIT corpus have shown that the proposed attention-based LSTM achieves a phone error rate (PER) of 20.8% while PER is 20.1% for BLSTM. We have also presented a lot of experiments to evaluate different context attention methods.
A survey of sparse matrix-vector multiplication performance on large matrices

We contribute a third-party survey of sparse matrix-vector (SpMV) product performance on industrial-strength, large matrices using: (1) The SpMV implementations in Intel MKL, the Trilinos project (Tpetra subpackage), the CUSPARSE library, and the CUSP library, each running on modern architectures. (2) NVIDIA GPUs and Intel multi-core CPUs (supported by each software package). (3) The CSR, BSR, COO, HYB, and ELL matrix formats (supported by each software package).
Maternal High Folic Acid Supplement Promotes Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance in Male Mouse Offspring Fed a High-Fat Diet

Maternal nutrition may influence metabolic profiles in offspring. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal folic acid supplement on glucose metabolism in mouse offspring fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Sixty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly assigned into three dietary groups and fed the AIN-93G diet containing 2 (control), 5 (recommended folic acid supplement, RFolS) or 40 (high folic acid supplement, HFolS) mg folic acid/kg of diet. All male offspring were fed HFD for eight weeks. Physiological, biochemical and genetic variables were measured. Before HFD feeding, developmental variables and metabolic profiles were comparable among each offspring group. However, after eight weeks of HFD feeding, the offspring of HFolS dams (Off-HFolS) were more vulnerable to suffer from obesity (p = 0.009), glucose intolerance (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (p < 0.001), compared with the controls. Off-HFolS had reduced serum adiponectin concentration, accompanied with decreased adiponectin mRNA level but increased global DNA methylation level in white adipose tissue. In conclusion, our results suggest maternal HFolS exacerbates the detrimental effect of HFD on glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male offspring, implying that HFolS during pregnancy should be adopted cautiously in the general population of pregnant women to avoid potential deleterious effect on the metabolic diseases in their offspring.