Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proteome Analyses of Heme-Dependent Respiration in Lactococcus lactis: Involvement of the Proteolytic System

ABSTRACT Sugar fermentation was long considered the sole means of energy metabolism available to lactic acid bacteria. We recently showed that metabolism of Lactococcus lactis shifts progressively from fermentation to respiration during growth when oxygen and heme are available. To provide insights into this phenomenon, we compared the proteomic profiles of L. lactis under fermentative and respiratory growth conditions in rich medium. We identified 21 proteins whose levels differed significantly between these conditions. Two major groups of proteins were distinguished, one involved in carbon metabolism and the second in nitrogen metabolism. Unexpectedly, enzymes of the proteolytic system (PepO1 and PepC) which are repressed in rich medium in fermentation growth were induced under respiratory conditions despite the availability of free amino acids. A triple mutant (dtpT dtpP oppA) deficient in oligopeptide transport displayed normal respiration, showing that increased proteolytic activity is not an absolute requirement for respiratory metabolism. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that pepO1 is induced under respiration-permissive conditions. This induction was independent of CodY, the major regulator of proteolytic functions in L. lactis. We also observed that pepO1 induction is redox sensitive. In a codY mutant, pepO1 expression was increased twofold in aeration and eightfold in respiration-permissive conditions compared to static conditions. These observations suggest that new regulators activate proteolysis in L. lactis, which help to maintain the energetic needs of L. lactis during respiration.
The Influence of Social Skills on Private and Interpersonal Emotional Disclosure of Negative Events

Abstract This study examined the influence of social skills on emotional disclosure in private and interpersonal settings. Eighty-five women with either high or low social skills disclosed an emotionally painful event in private (i.e., to a tape recorder) or to another participant with either high or low social skills (interpersonal condition). Increases in negative affect were greatest when disclosure was in the private (vs. interpersonal) condition and also when the discloser had high social skill (vs. low social skill). Interestingly, increases in positive affect were greatest in the interpersonal condition where both discloser and facilitator had high social skills. However, these facilitators themselves experienced decreases in their positive affect. The authors propose that an interactive transfer of positive affect between individuals of high social skills can provide an interpersonal interaction conducive to self-disclosure.
Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 mRNA and protein in the murine lung.

Evidence has accumulated suggesting that the various isoforms of beta-type transforming growth factors (TGF-beta s) regulate important functions in the lung; however, the cellular source of these proteins is not well defined. Northern blot analysis of murine lung tissue demonstrates that mRNA transcripts for all three TGF-beta isoforms are found from birth through adulthood. Although the level of expression for each TGF-beta is variable during the first 2 wk post partum, all three isoforms are equal in the adult lung. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis, we have localized both mRNA and protein expression for all three isoforms of TGF-beta in the adult murine lung. At low magnification, immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta proteins appears coincident in their pattern of expression with TGF-beta mRNAs in the large proximal conducting airways of the lung. However, on closer analysis, protein expression of all three TGF-beta isoforms is confined to the bronchiolar epithelium, while TGF-beta mRNA transcripts for each of the TGF-beta genes are found in smooth muscle cells and connective tissue fibroblasts lying subjacent to the epithelium. Although the levels of both TGF-beta mRNA and protein expression are high in the proximal bronchiolar tree, their signal intensities completely disappear as the terminal bronchioles progress to respiratory bronchioles. Additionally, in the lung vasculature, there is very high expression of all three TGF-beta mRNA transcripts in the smooth muscle cells of the large vessels. TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta but not TGF-beta1 proteins are expressed in these same smooth muscle cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Daily Sperm Production, Gonadal and Extra-Gonadal Sperm Reserves of Rabbits Fed Prebiotic and Probiotic Supplemented Diets

In a 12-week feeding trial, an investigation was conducted with 32 weaned crossbred rabbits with average weight of 691±61.00g to assess the testicular and epididymal sperm reserves and sperm production of rabbits fed dietary prebiotics (Biotronic®) and probiotics (BIOVET®-YC) at the recommended rates of 4kg/tonne and 500g/tonne respectively. The control diet 1 had neither probiotic nor prebiotic while prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic (prebiotic + probiotic) were added, at the recommended rates, to diets 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The 32 rabbits were randomly and equally allotted to the diets and housed individually. At the end of the feeding trial, 5 animals per treatment were sacrificed and their reproductive tracts dissected. The testes and epididymides were carefully sampled, weighed and processed. Results showed that the right, left and paired testes weights of the animals were not significantly different among the dietary treatments. However, the testicular sperm reserves were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatments. Sperm reserves in both left and right testicles of animals fed diets 2 and 3 were similar to the control animals but they were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed diet 4 containing the combination of prebiotic and probiotic. The epididymal sperm reserves were significantly (P<0.05) higher in rabbits fed prebiotic and symbiotic diets than those fed diet 3 and the control. The daily sperm production and sperm production efficiency were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments with the rabbits on diet 4 recording significantly (P<0.05) highest values (21.29 x10 6 spermatozoa/ml and 10.80 x10 6 spermatozoa/ml respectively). This study suggests that prebiotics (Biotronic®) and the combination of pre- and pro- biotics (Biovet®-YC) possess a potential to improve reproductive efficiency of rabbit bucks. Keywords: Prebiotics, probiotics, rabbits, sperm reserves, sperm production.
It's Not the Money, it's the Quest for a Happier Self: The Role of Happiness and Success Motives in the Link Between Financial Goals and Subjective Well-Being

There is consistent evidence for a moderate negative association between the pursuit of financial goals and subjective well-being (SWB; cf. Dittmar, 2008; Kasser & Kanner, 2004). However, there is some evidence to suggest that this negative link may hold only with respect to particular motives for wanting money (Sheldon, Ryan, Deci, & Kasser, 2004; Srivastava, Locke, & Bartol, 2001). We propose the quest for a happier self and success as two additional motives not examined previously, and examine a model in which the financial goal-SWB link is reduced to nonsignificance once money-motives are taken into account. Structural equation modeling in two studies, one with student samples from the United Kingdom and Iceland (N = 145, N = 139) and one with professional employees in the United Kingdom (N = 261), provides empirical support for the model, and demonstrates that the quest for a happier self through money is a particularly negative predictor of well-being.
Bifurcation to localized oscillations

A singular perturbation method is applied to a system of two weakly coupled strongly non-linear but non-identical oscillators. For certain parameter regimes, stable localized solutions exist for which the amplitude of one oscillator is an order of magnitude smaller than the other. The leading-order dynamics of the localized states is described by a new system of coupled equations for the phase difference and scaled amplitudes. The degree and stability of the localization has a non-trivial dependence on coupling strength, detuning, and the bifurcation parameter. Three distinct types of localized behaviour are obtained as solutions to these equations, corresponding to phase-locking, phase-drift, and phase-entrainment. Quantitative results for the phases and amplitudes of the oscillators and the stability of these phenomena are expressed in terms of the parameters of the model.
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Neutrophil Recruitment in Acute Lung Injury—A Unifying Hypothesis? What We Have Learned from Small Interfering RNAs

In spite of protective ventilatory strategies, Acute Lung Injury (ALI) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality. One reason for the lack of therapeutic options might be that ALI is a co-morbid event associated with a diverse family of diseases and, thus, may be the result of distinct pathological processes. Among them, activated neutrophil- (PMN-) induced tissue injury and epithelial cell apoptosis mediated lung damage represent two potentially important candidate pathomechanisms that have been put forward. Several approaches have been undertaken to test these hypotheses, with substantial success in the treatment of experimental forms of ALI. With this in mind, we will summarize these two current hypotheses of ALI briefly, emphasizing the role of apoptosis in regulating PMN and/or lung epithelial cell responses. In addition, the contribution that Fas-mediated inflammation may play as a potential biological link between lung cell apoptosis and PMN recruitment will be considered, as well as the in vivo application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a novel approach to the inhibition of ALI and its therapeutic implications.
An Experımental Study into the Effects of Structured Group Work on Students’ Collaboratıve Behavıours and Group Performances

Bu calisma, ogretmenin sinif icinde kullandigi grup calismasini gelistirmeyi veilerletmeyi amacladigi bir eylem arastirmasini temsil etmektedir. Calisma, grupcalismasini iki farkli sekilde yurutmenin etkilerinin arastirmaktadir: yapilandirilmisve yapilandirilmamis. Arastirma, Ankara’da, egitim dilinin Ingilizce oldugu bir ozelokulda, 2014-2015 akademik yilinda gerceklestirilmistir. Katilimcilar, deneyselamacla ogrenme stilleri goz onunde bulundurularak uc gruba ayrilmis 5. sinifogrencilerinden olusan 18 kisidir. Bu calismayi yurutmek icin tek grup zaman serisiarastirma deseni uygulanmistir. Bunun icin, her iki haftada bir yapilmak uzeretoplam 8 haftalik 4 farkli grup calismasi etkinligi duzenlenmistir. Katilimciogrenciler, Super Minds Level 6 (Puchta, Gerngross & Lewis-Jones, 2013)kitabindan yeni kelimeler ogrenmek amaciyla bu grup calismalarini yapmislardir.Kelime ogretiminden sonra, ogrenciler 3 gruba ayrilmis ve her gruba farkli birgorev verilmistir.
Systematic analysis of asymmetric partitioning of yeast proteome between mother and daughter cells reveals “aging factors” and mechanism of lifespan asymmetry

Significance In this work, we took a proteome-centric view to analyze the cell division and lifespan asymmetry between mother and daughter cells in budding yeast. Using a flow cytometry-based, high-throughput approach, we quantified the partitioning of the proteome and identified 74 mother-enriched and 60 daughter-enriched proteins. Functional analysis of these proteins suggests mechanisms of asymmetric partitioning at an organelle/suborganelle level. We found that mother-enriched proteins are much more likely to becoming aging factors than those proteins chosen at random. The proposed mechanism, as supported by our single-cell observations, is that these proteins accumulate in old mother cells to a high level that becomes lifespan-limiting. Our work sheds new light on the mechanisms of asymmetric cell division and aging. Budding yeast divides asymmetrically, giving rise to a mother cell that progressively ages and a daughter cell with full lifespan. It is generally assumed that mother cells retain damaged, lifespan limiting materials (“aging factors”) through asymmetric division. However, the identity of these aging factors and the mechanisms through which they limit lifespan remain poorly understood. Using a flow cytometry-based, high-throughput approach, we quantified the asymmetric partitioning of the yeast proteome between mother and daughter cells during cell division, discovering 74 mother-enriched and 60 daughter-enriched proteins. While daughter-enriched proteins are biased toward those needed for bud construction and genome maintenance, mother-enriched proteins are biased towards those localized in the plasma membrane and vacuole. Deletion of 23 of the 74 mother-enriched proteins leads to lifespan extension, a fraction that is about six times that of the genes picked randomly from the genome. Among these lifespan-extending genes, three are involved in endosomal sorting/endosome to vacuole transport, and three are nitrogen source transporters. Tracking the dynamic expression of specific mother-enriched proteins revealed that their concentration steadily increases in the mother cells as they age, but is kept relatively low in the daughter cells via asymmetric distribution. Our results suggest that some mother-enriched proteins may increase to a concentration that becomes deleterious and lifespan-limiting in aged cells, possibly by upsetting homeostasis or leading to aberrant signaling. Our study provides a comprehensive resource for analyzing asymmetric cell division and aging in yeast, which should also be valuable for understanding similar phenomena in other organisms.
Labour complications remain the most important risk factors for perinatal mortality in rural Kenya.

OBJECTIVES To identify and quantify risk factors for perinatal mortality in a Kenyan district hospital and to assess the proportion of perinatal deaths attributable to labour complications, maternal undernutrition, malaria, anaemia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS A cross-sectional study of 910 births was conducted between January 1996 and July 1997 and risk factors for perinatal mortality were analysed. FINDINGS The perinatal mortality rate was 118 per 1000 births. Complications of labour such as haemorrhage, premature rupture of membranes/premature labour, and obstructed labour/ malpresentation increased the risk of death between 8- and 62-fold, and 53% of all perinatal deaths were attributable to labour complications. Placental malaria and maternal HIV, on the other hand, were not associated with perinatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS Greater attention needs to be given to the quality of obstetric care provided in the rural district-hospital setting.
The influence of verbal and nonverbal reinforcement combinations in the discrimination learning of middle- and lower-class preschool children.

The performance of lowerand middle-class preschool children on a discrimination task'was compared under 3 reinforcement combinations (Reward, Punishment, Reward-Punishment) and within each of these, verbal reinforcers ("Right" and "Wrong") and nonverbal reinforcers (Candy and a Sound). In confirmation of a previous study of school-age children, the Candy-Reward Ss of both socioeconomic groups were inferior to Ss given Punishment or Reward-Punishment combinations. The Ss rewarded by "Right", particularly lower-class Ss, were also inferior in performance, apparently due to inability to understand the reinforcement procedures.
The hybrid swarm intelligence for S-system model-based genetic network

The importance of any inferences that can be taken from underlying genetic networks of observed time-series data of gene expression patterns should not be overlooked. They are one of the largest topics within bioinformatics. The S-system model is one good choice for analyzing such genetic networks due to the fact that it can capture various dynamics. One problem this model faces is the fact that the number of S-system parameters is in proportion with the square of the number of genes. This is also the reasoning as to why the S-system model tends to be used on smaller scales. Its parameters are optimized by hybrid soft computing. Furthermore, it also uses the problem decomposition strategy to deal with the vast amount of problems a system might face. First of all the original problem is split into several smaller parts, which are then separately solved by the SSO. Afterwards, all of these separate solutions are merged together and used to solve the original problem along with the ABC. This shows the effectiveness of the SSO in solving such sub problems. Lastly, the SSO also utilizes the hybrid soft computing system, which infers the possibility of having S-systems on a larger scale.
Authentic versus fictitious online reviews: A textual analysis across luxury, budget, and mid-range hotels

Extant literature suggests that authentic and fictitious online reviews could be distinguished by leveraging on their textual characteristics. However, nuances in textual differences between authentic and fictitious reviews across different categories of hotels remain largely unknown. Therefore, this paper analyzes textual differences between authentic and fictitious reviews across three hotel categories, namely, luxury, budget, and mid-range. It leverages on four possible textual characteristics – comprehensibility, specificity, exaggeration, and negligence – that could offer clues to ascertain review authenticity. Using a dataset of 1800 reviews (900 authentic + 900 fictitious), the results suggest that differences between authentic and fictitious reviews are largely inconsistent across hotel categories. This generally points to the difficulties in ascertaining review authenticity, which in turn offer implications for both research and practice.
An Empirical Study of Bugs in Software Build Systems

Build system converts source code, libraries and other data into executable programs by orchestrating the execution of compilers and other tools. The whole building process is managed by a software build system, such as Make, Ant, CMake, Maven, Scons, and QMake. The reliability of software build systems would affect the reliability of the build process. In this paper, we perform an empirical study on bugs in software build systems. We analyze four software build systems, Ant, Maven, CMake and QMake, which are four typical and widely-used software build systems, and can be used to build Java, C, C++ systems. We investigate their bug database and code repositories, randomly sample a set of bug reports and their fixes (800 bugs reports totally, and 199, 250, 200, and 151 bug reports for Ant, Maven, CMake and QMake, respectively), and manually assign them into various categories. We find that 21.35% of the bugs belong to the external interface category, 18.23% of the bugs belong to the logic category, and 12.86% of the bugs belong to the configuration category. We also investigate the relationship between bug categories and bug severities.
Page-level template detection via isotonic smoothing

We develop a novel framework for the page-level template detection problem. Our framework is built on two main ideas. The first is theautomatic generation of training data for a classifier that, given apage, assigns a templateness score to every DOM node of the page. The second is the global smoothing of these per-node classifier scores bysolving a regularized isotonic regression problem; the latter follows from a simple yet powerful abstraction of templateness on a page. Our extensive experiments on human-labeled test data show that our approachdetects templates effectively.
Street gang participation in Europe: A comparison of correlates

The literature on risk factors for joining street gangs has relied mainly on surveys of US youth. This article addresses the consistency of correlates of street gang involvement in several European countries. We utilize self-report surveys of middle school students in 19 European countries. We employ the Eurogang definition of gang membership and address the degree to which risk indicators from multiple ecological domains surface with some regularity across these different country contexts. Delinquent offending and negative peer behaviours emerge as the most influential and consistent correlates of gang involvement. We consider the implications of our findings for revealing a generalizable pattern of gang participation among European youth as well as the theoretical implications of the significant gang correlates.
Scoring L2 Writing Samples: Exploring the Relative Effectiveness of Two Different Diagnostic Methods

In line with an increased emphasis on the development of second language (L2) students' writing proficiency there has been an increasing demand for valid and reliable means of testing such proficiency. Validity and reliability relate to the meaningfulness and accuracy of the scores awarded in relation to the measurement of an underlying construct. When timed writing tests are used, reliability is determined by the extent to which the scoring criteria not only reflect the construct but can also be used consistently by raters. Two main types of scoring criteria are holistic scoring rubrics and multiple trait analytic rubrics. Both have strengths and weaknesses. The study reported here was an exploratory case study set up to investigate two different diagnostic rating scales developed to measure the writing proficiency of intermediate level writers of English as an L2. A set of writing samples (n = 30) was scored by two independent raters using one type of rubric, and then re-scored using the other. It was found that both rubrics could be used with a high degree of reliability, both individually and in comparison with each other. Raters expressed a preference for the more analytical of the two. The paper concludes by discussing the relative effectiveness of each rating scale.
Positive Education for School Leaders: Exploring the Effects of Emotion-Gratitude and Action-Gratitude

This qualitative study describes the effect of two gratitude interventions designed to trigger emotion-gratitude (gratitude diary) and action-gratitude (gratitude letter) in school leaders. Case study methodology was applied to analyse reflective journals of 27 school leaders. The gratitude diary served to foster a more balanced view of the positive and negative events that occur at school, to engage in more appreciative problem solving (with respect to their role as mediators), to see the value in relationships, and to experience positive emotions such as hope, happiness and optimism. However, the gratitude diary also triggered a frustration in school leaders who were dealing with the paradox of having to look for things to feel grateful for at school when their role required an emphasis on fixing problems. The gratitude letter prompted emotional catharsis, a desire to invest in professional relationships, greater use of gratitude in leadership roles, and sparked reciprocated gratitude from staff and students (as reported by the school leaders). On the downside, the gratitude letter created feelings of vulnerability and concern for the potential ill-ease that the letter might cause for the recipient. Gratitude was not only used during the ‘good times’ of leadership but was also drawn upon to deal effectively with the difficult aspects, such as conflict. The results suggest that both types of gratitude interventions have value for school leaders and that leaders need to mutually attend to the emotional element of gratitude and the action element of gratitude.