Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers' Beliefs and Understandings of Literacy in the Pre-School: Pre-School Literacy Project Stage 1

The role of literacy during the pre-school years is argued from evidence found in the international research literature and provides the starting point for exploring the beliefs and understandings of staff in 38 sessional pre-schools and two long-day childcare centres that included sessional pre-school programmes in Victoria (Australia). These professionals were found to be uncertain about their role with respect to young children's early literacy development, but they were keen to increase their knowledge and develop appropriate practice within the contexts of their centres. Reasons for these findings are explored. In particular, the distinction between literacy as social practice and literacy as reading and writing skill demarcated the understandings and practical implications for these pre-school teachers.
SUBCUTANEOUS COMPARED WITH INTRAVENOUS EPOETIN IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS

Background Several studies have suggested that if recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) is administered subcutaneously rather than intravenously, a lower dose may be sufficient to maintain the hematocrit at a given level. Methods In a randomized, unblinded trial conducted at 24 hemodialysis units at Veterans Affairs medical centers, we assigned 208 patients who were receiving long-term hemodialysis and epoetin therapy to treatment with either subcutaneous or intravenous epoetin. The dose was initially reduced until the hematocrit was below 30 percent and then was gradually increased to a level that would maintain the hematocrit in the range of 30 to 33 percent for 26 weeks. We compared the average doses in the 26-week maintenance phase and the discomfort associated with the two routes of administration. Results For the 107 patients treated by the subcutaneous route, the average weekly dose of epoetin during the maintenance phase was 32 percent less than that for the 101 patients treated by the intrav.
Children's activity levels and lesson context during third-grade physical education.

Little is known about children's activity levels during physical education classes and how they relate to the national health objectives for the year 2000 (U.S. Public Health Service, 1991). We systematically observed students' physical activity and associated variables in 293 third-grade physical education lessons in 95 schools in 4 Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) centers in California, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Texas. The influence of independent variables was assessed simultaneously by analysis of variance. Significant differences among study centers were evidenced for both physical activity and lesson context variables. Additionally, there were differences among variables for lesson location and teacher specialty, but not for teacher gender. Boys were more active than girls, but only during free play opportunities. The findings have widespread implications for educators responsible for developing and implementing health-related physical education programs, as well as for designing and conducting staff development.
More value through greater differentiation: Gender differences in value beliefs about math.

Expectancy-value theory (Eccles et al., 1983) is a prominent approach to explaining gender differences in math-related academic choices, with value beliefs acting as an important explanatory factor. Expectancy-value theory defines 4 value components: intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, and cost. The present study followed up on inconsistencies in research findings on gender differences in math values that might partially be due to differences in the operationalization of the value construct. To this end, we examined if subfacets of the 4 value components could be established empirically and if gender differences could be found on these facets. A total of 1,868 9th-grade students completed a set of 37 items assessing their value beliefs in mathematics. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the conceptual differentiation of value beliefs into a total of 11 value facets. Whereas the factor structure was invariant across gender, there were considerable differences in mean levels favoring boys on some but not all value facets. These gender differences depended not only on the value component but also on the specific facet under consideration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Angry at your boss: Who cares? Anger recognition and mediation effectiveness

The key to success for workplace mediators lies in establishing a relationship of understanding, empathy, and trust with the conflicting parties. Literature suggests that the recognition of parties’ emotions by the mediator is essential to obtain such a relation. Although anger is one of the most prevailing emotions in conflict, little is known about how parties react to the experience of anger recognition on the part of the mediator, how this affects their perceptions of mediation effectiveness, and whether this is moderated by the hierarchical position parties occupy. Drawing on theories of power, emotions, and conflict, this study tests the hypothesis that conflicting parties in workplace mediation who experience anger recognition on the part of the mediator perceive the mediation as more effective and that this is more so for subordinates than for supervisors. Data collected in real labour mediations support this. Implications for mediation theory and practice are discussed.
Transient thrombopenia after intravenous injection of certain fatty acids.

Intravenous injections of various fatty acids in rabbits caused marked thrombopenia lasting 1-2 hr. The most active saturated fatty acids were myristic acid (14:O) and lauric acid (12: 0). Activity decreased with increasing and decreasing chain length, but behenic acid (22 : 0) had, on a molar basis, activity similar to that of lauric acid. Of the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (18: 1) was active only at high doses, whereas linoleic (18: 2) and linolenic acid (18: 3) had an effect comparable to palmitic acid (16 : 0). Intraperitoneal administration of the fatty acids caused no thrombopenia. The thrombopenic effect of the fatty acids was greatly reduced if the solutions were mixed with serum before injection.
Future mobile health systems: designing personal mobile applications to assist self diagnosis

In Europe we live in an increasingly ageing society and solutions that help that ageing society to self care in context are a major goal for the EU and UK governments. Given this climate coupled with the fact that more than 80% of people aged 35--54 own a mobile phone (National Statistics, 2003) we believe that developing an easy to use application for self diagnosis may be of great use to this age group as they grow older. In our paper we present how we designed one such mobile application, targeted to 40--55 years olds with declining eyesight. Our system enables users to undertake self diagnosis via their mobile phone. This article reports our findings on the challenges of interface design for this particular age group.
Punitive emotions and norm violations

The recent literature on social norms has stressed the centrality of emotions in explaining punishment and norm enforcement. This article discusses four negative emotions (righteous anger, indignation, contempt, and disgust) and examines their relationship to punitive behavior. I argue that righteous anger and indignation are both punitive emotions strictly speaking, but induce punishments of different intensity and have distinct elicitors. Contempt and disgust, for their part, cannot be straightforwardly considered punitive emotions, although they often blend with a colder form of indignation to favor low-cost, indirect, and collective forms of punishment such as mockery, exclusion, and ostracism.
Resultant muscle torque and electromyographic activity during high intensity elastic resistance and free weight exercises

Abstract The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare Resultant Muscle Torque (RMT) and muscle activation (EMG) pattern, during resistance exercise comprising eight repetitions maximum (8 RM) biceps curl with elastic resistance and free weight exercise. Sixteen male and female recreationally active subjects completed 8 RM biceps curl by each of three modalities of resistance exercise: (i) dumbbell (DB), (ii) elastic tubing with original un-stretched length at the commencement of contraction (E0), and (iii) elastic tubing with 30% decrement of original length (E30) at the commencement of contraction. The magnitude of muscle activation, external force, acceleration as well as range of motion (ROM) were quantified and synchronised by specific software. The data were collected from all eight repetitions but the first (initial), the fifth (middle) and the eighth (last) repetitions were selected for further data analysis. Each selected repetition was partitioned into a concentric and eccentric phase and then each phase was further divided into three equal segments (3 concentric and 3 eccentric = 6 segments per repetition). The EMG and RMT data demonstrated a bell-shaped muscle activation and muscle torque production pattern for the three modes of exercise. The E30 resulted in 15.40% and 14.89% higher total EMG (µV) as well as 36.85% and 17.71% higher RMT (N · m) than E0 and DB, respectively (all P <0.05). These findings support the contention that an elastic resistance device (E30) has the capacity to provide an appropriate high resistance stimulus to meet the training requirement of elite athletes.
Relationships between Flood Control, Kala-Azar, and Diarrheal Disease in Bangladesh

In 1990, a large flood-control project called the Flood Action Plan (FAP) was started in Bangladesh. The FAP built many embankments to divert water during the rainy season. This paper includes two case studies of diseases that are related to flood control in Bangladesh: kala-azar and diarrheal disease. Kala-azar is caused by the protozoan Leishmania donovani and is transmitted to humans by the sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes. It was found that the incidence of kala-azar in embanked areas of northwest Bangladesh was significantly higher than the incidence in nonembanked areas. This can be attributed to the lack of seasonal flooding in the embanked areas, because flooding reduces the number of P. argentipes larvae in these areas. Hood control is also related to diarrheal disease near the Bay of Bengal. Diarrheal disease incidence data were collected for people who were hospitalized at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Hospital from 1 January 1992 to 31 December 1994. Individuals living in flood-controlled areas were 2.47 times more likely to be hospitalized with cholera than those living outside flood-controlled areas. The relationship between flood control and noncholera diarrhea was not quite as strong with a relative-risk ratio of 1.42.
SNP Discovery and Chromosome Anchoring Provide the First Physically-Anchored Hexaploid Oat Map and Reveal Synteny with Model Species

A physically anchored consensus map is foundational to modern genomics research; however, construction of such a map in oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42) has been hindered by the size and complexity of the genome, the scarcity of robust molecular markers, and the lack of aneuploid stocks. Resources developed in this study include a modified SNP discovery method for complex genomes, a diverse set of oat SNP markers, and a novel chromosome-deficient SNP anchoring strategy. These resources were applied to build the first complete, physically-anchored consensus map of hexaploid oat. Approximately 11,000 high-confidence in silico SNPs were discovered based on nine million inter-varietal sequence reads of genomic and cDNA origin. GoldenGate genotyping of 3,072 SNP assays yielded 1,311 robust markers, of which 985 were mapped in 390 recombinant-inbred lines from six bi-parental mapping populations ranging in size from 49 to 97 progeny. The consensus map included 985 SNPs and 68 previously-published markers, resolving 21 linkage groups with a total map distance of 1,838.8 cM. Consensus linkage groups were assigned to 21 chromosomes using SNP deletion analysis of chromosome-deficient monosomic hybrid stocks. Alignments with sequenced genomes of rice and Brachypodium provide evidence for extensive conservation of genomic regions, and renewed encouragement for orthology-based genomic discovery in this important hexaploid species. These results also provide a framework for high-resolution genetic analysis in oat, and a model for marker development and map construction in other species with complex genomes and limited resources.
Adopting a “satisficing” model for school performance in students' views of learning

This study explored students' views on learning in a sample of 171 secondary school students. The answers on an open-ended task were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The views on school learning were mostly reflected in the things students do in school in order to be good learners. Factor analysis of students' views of school learning showed they referred more to pragmatic categories, passive learning strategies, and grades than to active learning motives and understanding. The most dominant factor in students' views of school learning, adequate school performance, does not relate to actual learning processes but can be viewed as the minimal compliance behaviors students must perform in order to keep up in school by “satisficing” (Simon, 1955) – satisfying and sufficing – the teachers (task completion and class participation). Theoretical and educational implications were discussed to heighten educators' awareness of students' thinking about learning.
Time Course of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Knee Extensor Eccentric Training

Abstract This study investigated the chronology of neural and morphological adaptations to knee extensor eccentric training and their contribution to strength gains in isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle actions. 20 male healthy subjects performed a 12-week eccentric training program on an isokinetic dynamometer, and neuromuscular evaluations of knee extensors were performed every 4 weeks. After 12 training weeks, significant increases were observed for: isometric (24%), concentric (15%) and eccentric (29%) torques; isometric (29%) and eccentric (33%) electromyographic activity; muscle thickness (10%) and anatomical cross-sectional area (19%). Eccentric and isometric torques increased progressively until the end of the program. Concentric torque and muscle mass parameters increased until the eighth training week, but did not change from this point to the twelfth training week. Eccentric and isometric activation increased at 4 and 8 training weeks, respectively, while no change was found in concentric activation. These results suggest that: 1) the relative increment in concentric strength was minor and does not relate to neural effects; 2) eccentric and isometric strength gains up to 8 training weeks are explained by the increased neural activation and muscle mass, whereas the increments in the last 4 training weeks seem to be associated with other mechanisms.
Lack of clonal BCRA2 gene deletion on chromosome 13in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Chromosome 13q deletion is among the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We investigated the 13q14.3 deletion in 44 CLL patients by Southern blotting following purification of clonal B CLL cells to >90%. Two sets of probes were used to investigate the site of clonal deletion, the D13S25 and D13S319 markers (at 13q14.3) and probes for exons 11 and 26–27 of the BRCA2 gene (at 13q12). Homozygous and heterozygous deletion at the 13q14.3 region was found in five and 17 patients, respectively. Despite the recent report of the BRCA2 gene involvement in >80% of CLL patients, we failed to detect a single case of homozygous or heterozygous deletion involving the 13q12 region. Our data support previous findings that the 13q14.3, and not the 13q12 region, is the major site of candidate tumour suppressor gene(s) in CLL.
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Overexpression of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 in Human and Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Deregulations in insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathways may contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma. Although intracellular insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) is the main effector of insulin signaling in the liver, its role in hepatocarcinogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that IRS-2 was overexpressed in two murine models of hepatocarcinogenesis: administration of diethylnitrosamine and hepatic overexpression of SV40 large T antigen. In both models, IRS-2 overexpression was detected in preneoplastic lesions and at higher levels in tumoral nodules. IRS-2 overexpression associated with IGF-2 and IRS-1 overexpression and with GSK-3 (cid:1) inhibition. Increased expression of IRS-2 was also detected in human hepatocellular carcinoma specimens and hepatoma cell lines. In murine and human hepatoma cells, IRS-2 protein induction associated with increased IRS-2 mRNA levels. The functionality of IRS-2 was demonstrated in Hep3B cells, in which IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with phosphati-dylinositol-3 kinase were induced by IGF-2. More-over, down-regulation of IRS-2 expression increased apoptosis
Evidence for loss of synaptic AMPA receptors in anterior piriform cortex of aged mice

It has been suggested that age-related impairments in learning and memory may be due to age-related deficits in long-term potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. For example, olfactory discrimination learning is significantly affected by aging in mice and this may be due, in part, to diminished synaptic plasticity in piriform cortex. In the present study, we tested for alterations in electrophysiological properties and synaptic transmission in this simple cortical network. Whole-cell recordings were made from principal neurons in slices of anterior piriform cortex from young (3–6 months old) and old (24–28 months) C57Bl/6 mice. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) mediated by AMPA receptors were collected from cells in presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and held at -80 mV in voltage-clamp. Amplitudes of mEPSCs were significantly reduced in aged mice, suggesting that synaptic AMPA receptor expression is decreased during aging. In a second set of experiments, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (s/mEPSCs) were recorded in slices from different cohorts of young and old mice, in the absence of TTX. These currents resembled mEPSCs and were similarly reduced in amplitude in old mice. The results represent the first electrophysiological evidence for age-related declines in glutamatergic synaptic function in the mammalian olfactory system.
Privacy-enhanced personalization

Consumer surveys show that online users value personalized content [5]. At the same time, providing personalization on websites seems quite profitable for web vendors [2, 6-8]. This win-win situation is however marred by privacy concerns since personalizing people's interaction entails gathering considerable amounts of data about them. As numerous recent surveys have consistently demonstrated, computer users are very concerned about their privacy on the Internet. Moreover, the collection of personal data is also subject to legal regulations in many countries and states. Both user concerns and privacy regulations impact frequently-used personalization methods. This workshop will explore the potential of research on "privacy-enhanced personalization," which aims at reconciling the goals and methods of user modeling and personalization with privacy constraints imposed by individual preferences, conventions and laws.
Relationship quality and oxytocin

Prior studies report that couples with higher relationship quality show higher oxytocin (OT) levels, yet other studies report those with higher distress have increased OT. This study investigated these competing predictions in the context of a support enhancement intervention among 34 young married couples (N = 68). Preintervention marital quality (Dyadic Adjustment Scale) was examined for associations with plasma and salivary OT levels 4 weeks apart and for changes between these time points within the intervention group. High relationship quality, not distress, was associated with higher OT in both saliva and plasma at both time points. No significant interaction was found between marital quality and intervention condition; relationship quality and support intervention were both independently associated with higher postintervention OT levels.
Navigation in total-knee arthroplastyCT-based implantation compared with the conventional technique

Background Exact axial limb alignment in total-knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important for a successful outcome. We evaluated the efficiency of computer-assisted implantation in TKA and compared it with the classical surgeon-controlled technique. Patients and methods We implanted 100 TKA using either the computer-assisted technique (50) or the conventional approach (50). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the preoperative leg deformity. Accuracy of implantation was determined in postoperative long-leg coronal and lateral radiographs. Results A postoperative leg axis between 3° varus and 3° valgus was achieved in 46 patients in the group with computer-assisted implantation and 36 patients in the control group (p=0.01). A significant difference was also seen for the femoral component alignment in frontal plane. No complications influencing the clinical outcome were observed. Interpretation A CT-based navigation system improves the accuracy of TKA, but higher costs and time-consuming planning will mean that its usage is limited to special cases. Additional tools such as ligament balancing, which are presently only available with the CT-free software module, require to be added to the CT-based system.
Finding a Fit: Understanding Black Immigrant Students’ Engagement in Campus Activities

This qualitative study examined how both racial and ethnic identity shaped 23 Black immigrants students’ patterns of engagement. Students more often chose to meaningfully engage in culturally based organizations, differentiating between groups with a racial and ethnic focus. Whereas many students perceived the unique benefits of ethnically focused groups, some students, particularly those who were not first generation immigrants, found these groups exclusionary. Varying levels of complexity in meaning making influenced students’ decision making about which groups to join and whether certain identities were perceived to be in conflict.
Uptake and degradation of natural surfactant by isolated rat granular pneumocytes.

It has been previously shown that isolated granular pneumocytes internalize and degrade dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in synthetic lipid vesicles and reutilize degradation products for phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis. In this study, we evaluated the uptake and degradation of radiolabeled natural surfactant (NS) isolated from lung lavage after perfusing isolated rat lungs with [3H]choline. Uptake of NS by isolated granular pneumocytes was increased approximately fourfold compared with synthetic liposomes, suggesting that physical form or a component (e.g., a protein) of NS plays a role in phospholipid uptake by these cells. Uptake was significantly decreased by metabolic inhibitors, indicating an energy requirement for this process. After 2-h incubation, the pattern of radioactivity in cells compared with NS showed a significant decrease in PC and DSPC and increase in free choline, choline phosphate, and CDP-choline. This pattern of metabolism indicates degradation of PC and metabolic reutilization of products. These studies support the hypothesis that alveolar phospholipids are accumulated and reutilized by granular pneumocytes for surfactant synthesis.