Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Head Impact Biomechanics in Women's College Soccer.

INTRODUCTION There are limited nonlaboratory soccer head impact biomechanics data. This is surprising given soccer's global popularity. Epidemiological data suggest that female college soccer players are at a greater concussion injury risk than their male counterparts. Therefore, the purposes of our study were to quantify head impact frequency and magnitude during women's soccer practices and games in the National Collegiate Athletic Association and to characterize these data across event type, playing position, year on the team, and segment of game (first and second halves). METHODS Head impact biomechanics were collected from female college soccer players (n = 22; mean ± SD age = 19.1 ± 0.1 yr, height = 168.0 ± 3.5 cm, mass = 63.7 ± 6.0 kg). We employed a helmetless head impact measurement device (X2 Biosystems xPatch) before each competition and practice across a single season. Peak linear and rotational accelerations were categorized based on impact magnitude and subsequently analyzed using appropriate nonparametric analyses. RESULTS Overall, women's college soccer players experience approximately seven impacts per 90 min of game play. The overwhelming majority (~90%) of all head impacts were categorized into our mildest linear acceleration impact classification (10g-20g). Interestingly, a higher percentage of practice impacts in the 20g-40g range compared with games (11% vs 7%) was observed. CONCLUSION Head impact biomechanics studies have provided valuable insights into understanding collision sports and for informing evidence-based rule and policy changes. These have included changing the football kickoff, ice hockey body checking ages, and head-to-head hits in both sports. Given soccer's global popularity, and the growing public concern for the potential long-term neurological implications of collision and contact sports, studying soccer has the potential to impact many athletes and the sports medicine professionals caring for them.
Sulfated Dextrans Enhance In Vitro Amplification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy PrPSc and Enable Ultrasensitive Detection of Bovine PrPSc

Background Prions, infectious agents associated with prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, and scrapie in sheep and goats, are primarily comprised of PrPSc, a protease-resistant misfolded isoform of the cellular prion protein PrPC. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is a highly sensitive technique used to detect minute amounts of scrapie PrPSc. However, the current PMCA technique has been unsuccessful in achieving good amplification in cattle. The detailed distribution of PrPSc in BSE-affected cattle therefore remains unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings We report here that PrPSc derived from BSE-affected cattle can be amplified ultra-efficiently by PMCA in the presence of sulfated dextran compounds. This method is capable of amplifying very small amounts of PrPSc from the saliva, palatine tonsils, lymph nodes, ileocecal region, and muscular tissues of BSE-affected cattle. Individual differences in the distribution of PrPSc in spleen and cerebrospinal fluid samples were observed in terminal-stage animals. However, the presence of PrPSc in blood was not substantiated in the BSE-affected cattle examined. Conclusions/Significance The distribution of PrPSc is not restricted to the nervous system and can spread to peripheral tissues in the terminal disease stage. The finding that PrPSc could be amplified in the saliva of an asymptomatic animal suggests a potential usefulness of this technique for BSE diagnosis. This highly sensitive method also has other practical applications, including safety evaluation or safety assurance of products and byproducts manufactured from bovine source materials.
Life satisfaction of urban residents: Do health perception, wealth, safety, community pride and, and cultural tourism matter?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between urban residents’ life satisfaction and five life domains –health perception, wealth, safety, community pride, and cultural tourism. A convenience sample of 364 urban residents was used. Discriminant function analysis was employed to discriminate between high and low life satisfaction groups based on five life domains. The results showed that life satisfaction was significantly related to the five life domains. It was also found that health perception was the strongest discriminator, followed by wealth and community pride.
Magnetic Transport in Spin Antiferromagnets for Spintronics Applications

Had magnetic monopoles been ubiquitous as electrons are, we would probably have had a different form of matter, and power plants based on currents of these magnetic charges would have been a familiar scene of modern technology. Magnetic dipoles do exist, however, and in principle one could wonder if we can use them to generate magnetic currents. In the present work, we address the issue of generating magnetic currents and magnetic thermal currents in electrically-insulating low-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnets by invoking the (broken) electricity-magnetism duality symmetry. The ground state of these materials is a spin-liquid state that can be described well via the Jordan–Wigner fermions, which permit an easy definition of the magnetic particle and thermal currents. The magnetic and magnetic thermal conductivities are calculated in the present work using the bond–mean field theory. The spin-liquid states in these antiferromagnets are either gapless or gapped liquids of spinless fermions whose flow defines a current just as the one defined for electrons in a Fermi liquid. The driving force for the magnetic current is a magnetic field with a gradient along the magnetic conductor. We predict the generation of a magneto-motive force and realization of magnetic circuits using low-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnets. The present work is also about claiming that what the experiments in spintronics attempt to do is trying to treat the magnetic degrees of freedoms on the same footing as the electronic ones.
Efficient and Specific Analysis of Red Blood Cell Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acid Composition

Background Red blood cell (RBC) n-3 fatty acid status is related to various health outcomes. Accepted biological markers for the fatty acid status determination are RBC phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidyletholamine. The analysis of these lipid fractions is demanding and time consuming and total phospholipid n-3 fatty acid levels might be affected by changes of sphingomyelin contents in the RBC membrane during n-3 supplementation. Aim We developed a method for the specific analysis of RBC glycerophospholipids. The application of the new method in a DHA supplementation trial and the comparison to established markers will determine the relevance of RBC GPL as a valid fatty acid status marker in humans. Methods Methyl esters of glycerophospholipid fatty acids are selectively generated by a two step procedure involving methanolic protein precipitation and base-catalysed methyl ester synthesis. RBC GPL solubilisation is facilitated by ultrasound treatment. Fatty acid status in RBC glycerophospholipids and other established markers were evaluated in thirteen subjects participating in a 30 days supplementation trial (510 mg DHA/d). Outcome The intra-assay CV for GPL fatty acids ranged from 1.0 to 10.5% and the inter-assay CV from 1.3 to 10.9%. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation significantly increased the docosahexaenoic acid contents in all analysed lipid fractions. High correlations were observed for most of the mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and for the omega-3 index (r = 0.924) between RBC phospholipids and glycerophospholipids. The analysis of RBC glycerophospholipid fatty acids yields faster, easier and less costly results equivalent to the conventional analysis of RBC total phospholipids.
Ω and biasing from optical galaxies versus POTENT mass

The mass density field in the local universe, recovered by the POTENT method from peculiar velocities of $\sim$3000 galaxies, is compared with the density field of optically-selected galaxies. Both density fields are smoothed with a Gaussian filter of radius 12 $h^{-1}$ Mpc. Under the assumptions of gravitational instability and a linear biasing parameter $b\sbo$ between optical galaxies and mass, we obtain $\beta\sbo \equiv \om^{0.6}/b\sbo = 0.74 \pm 0.13$. This result is obtained from a regression of POTENT mass density on optical density after correcting the mass density field for systematic biases in the velocity data and POTENT method. The error quoted is just the $1\sigma$ formal error estimated from the observed scatter in the density--density scatterplot; it does not include the uncertainty due to cosmic scatter in the mean density or in the biasing relation. We do not attempt a formal analysis of the goodness of fit, but the scatter about the fit is consistent with our estimates of the uncertainties.
Editing beyond articles: diversity & dynamics of teamwork in open collaborations

We report a study of Wikipedia in which we use a mixed-methods approach to understand how participation in specialized workgroups called WikiProjects has changed over the life of the encyclopedia. While previous work has analyzed the work of WikiProjects in supporting the development of articles within particular subject domains, the collaborative role of WikiProjects that do not fit this conventional mold has not been empirically examined. We combine content analysis, interviews and analysis of edit logs to identify and characterize these alternative WikiProjects and the work they do. Our findings suggest that WikiProject participation reflects community concerns and shifts in the community's conception of valued work over the past six years. We discuss implications for other open collaborations that need flexible, adaptable coordination mechanisms to support a range of content creation, curation and community maintenance tasks.
Athletes' careers across cultures

Contents. Editors and Contributors. Acknowledgements. Sidonio Serpa, Foreword. Tatiana V. Ryba and Natalia B. Stambulova, Turn to a Culturally Informed Career Research and Assistance in Sport Psychology. Tim Chambers, Sandy Gordon, and Tony Morris, Athletes' Careers in Australia: From Retirement to Education and Beyond. Paul Wylleman, Anke Reints, and Paul De Knop, Athletes' Careers in Belgium: A Holistic Perspective to Understand and Alleviate Challenges Occurring throughout the (Post-)Athletic Career. Maria Regina Ferreira Brandao and Lenamar Fiorese Vieira, Athletes' Careers in Brazil: Research and Application in the Land of Ginga. Robert J. Schinke, Jessica Cummings, and Justin Bonhomme, Athletes' Careers in Canada: Four Decades of Research and Practice. Zhijian Huang, Menglin Chen, and Na Qiao, Athletes' Careers in China: Advances in Athletic Retirement Research and Assistance. Kristoffer Henriksen and Mette Christensen, Athletes' Careers in Denmark: Nurturing Athletic Talents. Nadine Debois and Veronique Leseur, Athletes' Careers in France: In Pursuit of Excellence in Sport and Life. Dorothee Alfermann and Franziska Preis, Athletes' Careers in Germany: Research and Assistance Programs. Stiliani "Ani" Chroni, Eleni Diakaki, and Athanasios Papaioannou Athletes' Careers in Greece: Impulses for Culturally Infused Future. Norishige Toyoda, Athletes' Careers in Japan: Before and After Termination in Sports. Cristina Fink, Athletes' Careers in Mexico: Learning How to Handle Transitions. Christina Ryan and Holly Thorpe, Athletes' Careers in New Zealand (Aotearoa): The Impact of the Graham Report and the Carding System. Natalia Stambulova and Elena Hvatskaya, Athletes' Careers in Russia: From 1980 Moscow to 2014 Sochi Olympics. Sasa Cecic Erpic, Athletes' Careers in Slovenia: Remarkable Sporting Achievements of a Small Country. Miquel Torregrosa and M* Dolores Gonzalez Athletes' Careers in Spain: Professionalization and Developmental Consequences. Natalia Stambulova and Urban Johnson Athletes' Careers in Sweden: Facilitating Socialization into Sports and Re-Socialization upon Retirement. Sunghee Park, David Lavallee, and David Tod, Athletes' Careers in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland: Differences in the Evolution of Research and Support Programs between the Two Neighbor Nations. Albert Petitpas, Judy Van Raalte, & Britton Brewer, Athletes' Careers in the United States: Developmental Programming for Athletes in Transition. Natalia B. Stambulova and Tatiana V. Ryba, Setting the Bar: Towards Cultural Praxis of Athletes' Careers.
Additional Figures

Additional Figure 1 Simple simulation model Additional Figure 2 Lun simulation model Additional Figure 3 Lun 2 simulation model Additional Figure 4 Benchmarking (genes) Additional Figure 5 Benchmarking (cells) Additional Figure 6 Camp dataset comparison Additional Figure 7 Klein dataset comparison Additional Figure 8 Tung dataset comparison Additional Figure 9 Zeisel dataset comparison Additional Figure 10 Engel dataset comparison Additional Figure 11 Dataset processing times Additional Figure 12 MADs heatmap Additional Figure 13 Filtered Tung dataset comparison Additional Figure 14 Gene goodness-of-fit Additional Figure 15 Example non-linear gene Additional Figure 16 Dispersion estimation Additional Figure 17 Mean-zeros relationship
Apoptotic mechanisms after cerebral ischemia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traditionally, cell death after cerebral ischemia was considered to be exclusively necrotic in nature, but research over the past decade has revealed that after a stroke, many neurons in the ischemic penumbra will undergo apoptosis. SUMMARY OF REVIEW This brief review provides a general overview and update of various signaling pathways in the development of apoptosis in ischemic lesions. Cerebral ischemia triggers two general pathways of apoptosis: the intrinsic pathway, originating from mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and associated stimulation of caspase-3; and the extrinsic pathway, originating from the activation of cell surface death receptors, resulting in the stimulation of caspase-8. Although many of the key apoptotic proteins have been identified, our understanding of the complex underlying mechanisms remains poor and hence treatment of stroke patients by manipulating apoptotic pathways remains a daunting task. However, recent advances in the field have helped broaden our knowledge of apoptosis after cerebral ischemia. Further to the simplistic concept that stroke-induced apoptosis occurs predominantly in neurons and is caspase-dependent, accumulating evidence now indicates that apoptosis is prevalent in nonneuronal cells and that caspase-independent mechanisms also play a key role. CONCLUSIONS Although the ischemic penumbra is under threat of infarction, it is potentially salvageable and thus represents an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Beyond territory : dynamic geographies of knowledge creation, diffusion, and innovation

Introduction 1. Territorial and Relational Dynamics in Knowledge Creation Diffusion and Innovation: An Introduction Harald Bathelt, Maryann P. Feldman and Dieter F. Kogler Part 1: Agglomeration - Aspects of Specialization and Diversity 2. Where do They Come From, and to Whom do they Flow? W. Mark Brown and David L. Rigby 3. Local Diversity and Creative Economic Activity in Canadian City-Regions Greg Spencer 4. Technological Relatedness and Regional Branching Ron Boschma and Koen Frenken 5. Evolution of the Geographical Concentration Pattern of the Danish IT Sector Christian R. Ostergaard and Bent Dalum Part 2: Beyond Territory - Evoutionary Spatio-Sectoral Dynamics 6. The Emerging Industry Puzzle: Optics Unplugged Maryann P. Feldman and Iryna Lendel 7. Food Geography and the Organic Empire Modern Quests for Cultural-Creative Related Theory Phil Cooke 8. Beyond Spillovers - Interrogating Innovation and Creativity in the Peripheries Andrey N. Petrov 9. The BioValley - Knowledge Dyanmics in a TNC headquarter location Bernhard Fuhrer and Paul Messerli Part 3: Making Connections - Bridging the Local and the Global 10. Islands of Expertise - Global Knowledge Transfer in a Technology Service Firm Johannes Gluckler 11. The Changing and Diverse Roles of RIS in the Globalizing Knowledge Economy: A Theoretical Re-Examination with Illustrations from the Nordic Countries Bjorn Asheim, Arne Isaksen, Jerker Moodysson, Markku Sotarauta 12. Globaal Buzz at International Trade Fairs: A Relational Perspective Nina Schuldt and Harald Bathelt 13. Dyanic Geographies of Knowledge Creation, Diffusion and Innovation: Present and Future Diections Dieter F. Kogler, Harald Bathelt and Maryann P. Feldman
Matrizes Progressivas do Raven Infantil: um estudo de validação para o Brasil

EnglishThe purpose of the research was to establish the validity of the Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) for Brazil. Data were gathered from a sample of 9,929 students of the public educational system of Brasilia, Brazil. Factor analysis showed the presence of four factors, which were recognized as analogical-abstract reasoning, analogical-concrete reasoning, perception of the gestalt, and deductive reasoning. However, only deductive reasoning (15 items) appeared consistent. Furthermore, the four factors showed substantial covariance, which allowed for the extraction of a general factor, composed of 25 of the 36 items, identified as analogical reasoning. The deductive reasoning and the general factor appeared difficult for the children, presenting an index of b = 0.82 and b = 0.52, respectively. The conclusion was that the CPM are adequate for the assessment of analogical reasoning of Brazilian children, but several items of the original test appeared useless and item 24 was inadequate. portuguesO artigo apresenta a validacao do Raven Infantil para o Brasil, baseada numa amostra de 9.929 criancas do sistema educacional do Distrito Federal. A analise fatorial verificou a presenca de 4 fatores no teste, sendo estes reconhecidos como raciocinio analogico-abstrato, raciocinio analogico-concreto, percepcao da gestalt e raciocinio dedutivo. Destes, apenas o raciocinio analogico-abstrato, composto de 15 itens, se mostrou consistente. Ademais, os quatro fatores estao correlacionados, permitindo a extracao de um fator geral, constituido por 25 dos 36 itens do teste original, o qual foi denominado de raciocinio analogico. O fator de raciocinio analogico-abstrato se mostrou bastante dificil para a maioria das criancas, apresentando um indice de dificuldade de b = 0,82, enquanto o fator geral se apresentou menos dificil, mas ainda acima da media geral de aptidao das criancas (b = 0,52). Conclui-se que o Raven Infantil e um teste adequado para avaliar o aspecto de raciocinio analogico de criancas brasileiras, mas uma serie de itens se mostra, pelo menos, inutil no teste, sendo o item 24 totalmente inadequado.
Playing level achieved, throwing history, and humeral torsion in Masters baseball players

Abstract Humeral torsion is thought to be beneficial for throwing. To examine this hypothesis, the throwing and non-throwing arms of 84 Masters baseball players over 35 years of age were measured for humeral torsion, and the highest playing level they achieved and their playing history were recorded. Regression analyses were used to obtain predictors of the highest playing level achieved, throwing arm humeral torsion, and side-to-side difference in humeral torsion. Equations accounting for 36%, 46%, and 12% of the variance respectively were produced. Achieving representative level playing status was associated with the number of seasons played under 16 years of age and having greater throwing arm humeral retrotorsion. Throwing arm humeral retrotorsion was associated with non-throwing arm humeral retrotorsion and an increased number of seasons played before the age of 16 years. A model in which repeated throwing develops an adaptive unilateral bone torsion along with growth in baseball expertise is proposed. Thus dominant arm humeral retrotorsion is a predictor of highest baseball playing level achieved, which in turn is influenced by genetic endowment (as seen in the torsion of the non-throwing arm) and amount of throwing activity, particularly prior to the age of 16.
Privacy Mechanisms for Context-Aware , Group-based Mobile Social Software

With the recent surge of mobile social software and the increasing trend of mobile adoption, users are becoming inundated with opportunities to disclose their contextual information for these systems, but are often left without the proper tools to preserve their privacy when doing so. The goal of my research is to address this gap in privacy management by designing, developing, and evaluating a set of privacy mechanisms that are specifically targeted for protecting end-user personal privacy when disclosing contextual information for mobile social systems. ACM CLASSIFICATION: H5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation]: User Interfaces. General terms: Design, Human Factors
Serodiagnosis of Chronic and Acute Chagas' Disease with Trypanosoma cruzi Recombinant Proteins: Results of a Collaborative Study in Six Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to diagnose Chagas' disease by a serological test was performed with Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant antigens (JL8, MAP, and TcPo). High sensitivity (99.4%) and specificity (99.3%) were obtained when JL8 was combined with MAP (JM) and tested with 150 serum samples from chagasic and 142 nonchagasic individuals. Moreover, JM also diagnosed 84.2% of patients in the acute phase of T. cruzi infection.
The Role of Lao PDR in the Ivory Trade

INTRODUCTION T is limited information on the ivory trade in Lao PDR but the presence of Asian Elephant Elephas maximus populations and a geographic position—situated between the world’s largest ivory traders Thailand and China—as well as the presence of ivory for sale in the country, may suggest an emerging role for the country in the international ivory trade. Six towns known for their involvement in wildlife trade were surveyed in order to quantify the levels of open trade in ivory. In three of these towns, ivory was observed for sale, with the vast majority in Vientiane. Here, 2391 pieces of ivory, including bangles, earrings, name seals and raw tusks, were openly offered for sale in 22 outlets. Information from vendors indicated that the ivory originated from Lao PDR and not from neighbouring countries (Thailand, Viet Nam) or Africa, but forensic analysis would be necessary to determine the origin of the ivory more precisely. Prices were advertised in US dollars or Chinese Yuan Renminbi, clearly suggesting an international clientele, a fact confirmed by most vendors. However, recent seizures data also suggest that Lao PDR may also be playing a transit country role for African ivory.