Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Framing Feedback for School Improvement Around Distributed Leadership

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the utility of framing formative feedback to improve school leadership with a focus on task-based evaluation of distributed leadership rather than on role-based evaluation of an individual leader. Research Methods/Approach: Using data from research on the development of the Comprehensive Assessment of Leadership for Learning, we examine ways to design formative evaluation and feedback organized around distributed leadership practices. This study draws on qualitative data from iterative design research conducted with middle and high school principals, assistant principals, teachers, and staff in 2011. Findings: Many challenges in providing actionable, multirater feedback were addressed by using an assessment instrument that focused on measuring distributed instructional leadership practices. Users reported that task-based multirater feedback provided transparency in communicating a clear theory of action for school improvement and fostered formal and informal conversations around school improvement. Implications for Research and Practice: The study suggests that focusing on distributed leadership practices may help overcome some of the limitations to the use of evaluation feedback that is targeted to an individual leader. Key features of formative feedback design desired by school principals included transparency in the theory of action underlying assessment items to prime teachers and leaders for collaborative discussions of current and potential practices, and research-based guidance on next steps schools can take to build distributed instructional leadership capacity in their schools.
Late recovery from post-traumatic vegetative state

Aim: Late recovery of consciousness after 12 months in vegetative state is very rare and is almost invariably associated with severe disability. The aim of this study was to report that late recovery with moderate disability is possible, even after several months in vegetative state. Case report: This study describes the case of a 22-year-old male student who recovered consciousness from vegetative state 19 months after a traumatic brain injury which had occurred in December 2000. A further slow recovery of motor and cognitive functions up to a moderate disability was observed over 7 years after the brain injury. The patient now lives in the community, speaks, walks and undertakes daily living as well as outdoor leisure activities independently, has resumed his previous university studies and has a part-time non-competitive job. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that attaining a condition of independent living is possible even after more than 1 year of post-traumatic vegetative state, with an improvement of motor and cognitive functions that can continue for years. Cranioplasty and long-term rehabilitation programmes may be among the variables potentially influencing this unexpected recovery.
Effects of preoperative aspirin on perioperative platelet activation and dysfunction in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A prospective randomized study

The benefit of aspirin use after coronary artery bypass graft surgery has been well proven. However, the effect of preoperative aspirin use in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB) has not been evaluated sufficiently. To evaluate platelet function changes during OPCAB due to preoperative aspirin use, we conducted a randomized controlled trial using flow cytometry and the Multiplate® analyzer. Forty-eight patients scheduled for elective OPCAB were randomized to the aspirin continuation (100 mg/day until operative day) and discontinuation (4 days before the operative day) groups. Platelet function was measured using the platelet activation markers CD62P, CD63, and PAC-1 by flow cytometry, and platelet aggregation was measured using the Multiplate® analyzer, after the induction of anesthesia (baseline), at the end of the operation, and 24 and 48 h postoperatively. Findings of conventional coagulation assays, thromboelastography by ROTEM® assays, and postoperative bleeding—related clinical outcomes were compared between groups. No significant change in CD62P, CD63, or PAC-1 was observed at the end of the operation or 24 or 48 h postoperatively compared with baseline in either group. The area under the curve for arachidonic acid—stimulated platelet aggregation, measured by the Multiplate® analyzer, was significantly smaller in the aspirin continuation group (P < 0.01). However, chest tube drainage and intraoperative and postoperative transfusion requirements did not differ between groups. Our study showed that preoperative use of aspirin for OPCAB did not affect perioperative platelet activation, but it impaired platelet aggregation, which did not affect postoperative bleeding, by arachidonic acid.
Turnover intention among intensive care unit nurses in Alexandria, Egypt.

BACKGROUND Given the difficulty in recruiting new nurses, it is imperative to retain those already in the profession. This cross-sectional study explored the relationship of demographic and work-related factors, burnout, conflict management and relationship between nurses and physicians on turnover intentions among ICU nurses in eight major hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data on burnout, conflict management, nurse-physician communication, and turnover intention were collected by surveying 100 nurses in eight hospitals in Alexandria governorate. All nurses at the ICU of selected hospitals were approached (n=100) and a 47-item Likert scale questionnaire was administered to explore the factors affecting the turnover intention of ICU nurses in Alexandria. RESULTS ICU nurses exhibited a mean score for turnover intention of 3.23 (mean score percentage 65.0%). There was a moderately positive statistically significant correlation between turnover intention and emotional exhaustion (r=0.29, P<0.05), nurse-physician communication (r=0.25, P<0.05), and age (r=0.21, P<0.05). The predicting factors for turnover intention were emotional exhaustion and age. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Nurses turnover intention at the ICU of the selected hospitals is high and is significantly associated with nurses' emotional exhaustion, poor nurse-physician communication, and nurses age.
Survival of skin homografts in methylcholanthrene-treated mice and in mice with spontaneous mammary cancers.

The effect of methylcholanthrene (MC) on the survival of skin homografts was studied in various donor/host combinations. In systems where there was a strong antigenic difference involving the histocompatibility-2 (H-2) locus, MC did not influence the survival of the skin grafts. In weaker (non-H-2) antigenic systems the survival of the skin was prolonged in animals grafted shortly before, at the same time as, or shortly after the appearance of MC-induced sarcomas. In animals grafted during the earlier part of the latent period of tumor development, graft survival was not affected. The effect of the spontaneous mammary cancers was more variable, and most of the tumor-bearing animals did not show a depressed homograft response; the others, being in a highly advanced stage of the disease, showed moderate prolongation of graft survival.
Hybrid LQ-optimization using dynamic programming

In this paper we study the linear quadratic optimal control problem for linear hybrid systems in which transitions between different discrete locations occur autonomously when the continuous state intersects given switching surfaces. In particular, we make an explicit connection between the newly developed, Pontryagin-type Hybrid Maximum Principle and the Bellman Dynamic Programming approach. As a consequence, we extend the classic Riccati-formalism, derive the associated Riccati-type equations, and prove the discontinuity of the full “hybrid” Riccati matrix. Finally, we discuss some computational aspects of the obtained theoretical results and propose a numerical algorithm in the framework of an optimal feedback control law.
Administrative Rewards and Coordination among Committee Members.

Members of coordinating committees may develop contrasting and even conflicting intentions: to help their colleagues, to accomplish their individual assignments, and to work on the group's task. A number of coordinating committees in a large business firm were given an experimental task designed to simulate the conceptual characteristics of their committees. The effects of three different experimental conditions were examined, each conceived as likely to generate one or another of the three motives just described, and each representing a feasible emphasis in the reward system of a large organization. The results reveal that the potential rewards for individual success, group success, or both, create quite different styles of interpersonal relations and varied degrees of effectiveness in collaboration among members.1 Alvin Zander is professor of psychology and director of the Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan, and Donald Wolfe is associate professor of organizational behavior in the Division of Organizational Science, Case Institute of Technology.
Activity-Dependent Internalization of Smoothened Mediated by ß-Arrestin 2 and GRK2

Binding of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) to Patched (Ptc) relieves the latter's tonic inhibition of Smoothened (Smo), a receptor that spans the cell membrane seven times. This initiates signaling which, by unknown mechanisms, regulates vertebrate developmental processes. We find that two molecules interact with mammalian Smo in an activation-dependent manner: G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) leads to phosphorylation of Smo, and β-arrestin 2 fused to green fluorescent protein interacts with Smo. These two processes promote endocytosis of Smo in clathrin-coated pits. Ptc inhibits association of β-arrestin 2 with Smo, and this inhibition is relieved in cells treated with Shh. A Smo agonist stimulated and a Smo antagonist (cyclopamine) inhibited both phosphorylation of Smo by GRK2 and interaction of β-arrestin 2 with Smo. β-Arrestin 2 and GRK2 are thus potential mediators of signaling by activated Smo.
Signaling pathways for sphingosylphosphorylcholine-mediated mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), or lysophingomyelin, a wide-spectrum growth promoting agent for a variety of cell types (Desai, N. N., and S. Spiegel. 1991. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 181: 361-366), stimulates cellular proliferation of quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts to a greater extent than other known growth factors or than the structurally related molecules, sphingosine and sphingosine-1- phosphate. SPC potentiated the mitogenic effect of an activator of protein kinase C, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, and did not compete with phorbol esters for binding to protein kinase C in intact Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. However, downregulation of protein kinase C, by prolonged treatment with phorbol ester, reduced, but did not eliminate, the ability of SPC to stimulate DNA synthesis, indicating that SPC may act via both protein kinase C-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. SPC induced a rapid rise in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in viable 3T3 fibroblasts determined with a digital imaging system. Although the increases in [Ca2+]i were observed even in the absence of calcium in the external medium, no increase in the levels of inositol phosphates could be detected in response to mitogenic concentrations of SPC. Furthermore, in contrast to sphingosine or sphingosine-1-phosphate, the mitogenic effect of SPC was not accompanied by increases in phosphatidic acid levels or changes in cAMP levels. SPC, but not sphingosine or sphingosine-1-phosphate, stimulates the release of arachidonic acid. Therefore, the ability of SPC to act an extremely potent mitogen may be due to activation of signaling pathway(s) distinct from those used by sphingosine or sphingosine-1- phosphate.
Correlation between Hip Rotation Range-of-Motion Impairment and Low Back Pain. A Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Hip rotation range-of-motion (ROM) impairment has been proposed as a contributing mechanical factor in the development of low back pain (LBP) symptoms. There is a hypothesis which suggests that a limited range of hip rotation results in compensatory lumbar spine rotation. Hence, LBP may develop as the result. This article reviews studies assessing hip rotation ROM impairment in the LBP population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched without time restriction. Two authors independently selected related articles using the same search strategy and key words. RESULTS Among 124 articles 12 met the review inclusion criteria. The results of the studies are assessed in three sections, investigating the relationship between low back pain and 1) hip internal rotation ROM, 2) hip external rotation ROM and 3) hip total rotation ROM. Asymmetrical (right versus left, lead versus non-lead) and limited hip internal rotation ROM were common findings in patients with LBP. Reduced and asymmetrical total hip rotation was also observed in patients with LBP. However, none of the studies explicitly reported limited hip external rotation ROM. CONCLUSION The precise assessment of hip rotation ROM, especially hip internal rotation ROM, must be included in the examination of patients with LBP symptoms.
The Meaning of Syntactic Dependencies

This paper discusses the semantic content of syntactic dependencies. We assume that syntactic dependencies play a central role in the process of semantic interpretation. They are defined as selective functions on word denotations. Among their properties, special attention will be paid to their ability to make interpretation co-compositional and incremental. To describe the semantic properties of dependencies, the paper will be focused on two particular linguistic tasks: word sense disambiguation and attachment resolution. The second task will be performed using a strategy based on automatic acquisition from corpora.
Off the Beaten Path: Let's Replace Term-Based Retrieval with k-NN Search

Retrieval pipelines commonly rely on a term-based search to obtain candidate records, which are subsequently re-ranked. Some candidates are missed by this approach, e.g., due to a vocabulary mismatch. We address this issue by replacing the term-based search with a generic k-NN retrieval algorithm, where a similarity function can take into account subtle term associations. While an exact brute-force k-NN search using this similarity function is slow, we demonstrate that an approximate algorithm can be nearly two orders of magnitude faster at the expense of only a small loss in accuracy. A retrieval pipeline using an approximate k-NN search can be more effective and efficient than the term-based pipeline. This opens up new possibilities for designing effective retrieval pipelines. Our software (including data-generating code) and derivative data based on the Stack Overflow collection is available online.
ANALISA PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA, STRESS KERJA, DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION (STUDI PADA PT. DUTA SERVICE SEMARANG)

Abstrak Tingkat turnover yang tinggi mengakibatkan perusahaan harus mengeluarkan biaya tambahan untuk rekrutman hingga mendapatkan tenaga kerja yang berkualitas. Sebagai upaya untuk menekan terjadinya turnover pegawai, harus dimulai dari upaya perusahaan untuk menekan keinginan pegawai berpindah ke prusahaan lain. (turnover intention). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Stress Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi, dan Kepemimpinan terhadap Turnover Intention pada PT. Duta Service Semarang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan PT. Duta Service Semarang yang berjumlah 33 orang yang terletak di Puri Anjasmoro Blok D1 No. 1 Kelurahan Tawangsari Kota Semarang. Sampel yang dipilih dalam penelitian menggunakan metode sensus sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 33 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kepuasan Kerja, dan Komitmen Organisasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Turnover Intention . Stress Kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Turnover Intention . Angka koefisien determinasi (Adjusted R Square) dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 0,698. Dengan demikian maka variabel Kepuasan Kerja, Stress Kerja, dan Komitmen Organisasi mempunyai peranan 69,8% secara bersama-sama untuk dapat menjelaskan atau menerangkan variabel Turnover Intention. Kata kunci : Kepuasan Kerja, Stress Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi dan Turnover Intention.
Integrative analysis of ‘‐omics’ data using penalty functions

In the analysis of omics data, integrative analysis provides an effective way of pooling information across multiple datasets or multiple correlated responses, and can be more effective than single dataset (response) analysis. Multiple families of integrative analysis methods have been proposed in the literature. The current review focuses on the penalization methods. Special attention is paid to sparse meta‐analysis methods that pool summary statistics across datasets, and integrative analysis methods that pool raw data across datasets. We discuss their formulation and rationale. Beyond ‘standard’ penalized selection, we also review contrasted penalization and Laplacian penalization that accommodate finer data structures. The computational aspects, including computational algorithms and tuning parameter selection, are examined. This review concludes with possible limitations and extensions. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:99–108. doi: 10.1002/wics.1322
The Impact of Military Status on Maternal and Child Outcomes In a Canadian Sample of Young Children

In the last decade, global instability has led to higher demands placed on military members and their families, especially in the area of deployment. Longer and more frequent deployments have had significant psychological consequences on soldiers who have been deployed. Deployment has also been shown to negatively impact child adjustment; however, the research in this area is limited, particularly within a Canadian military context. The purpose for the two current studies was to examine specific areas of child adjustment affected by military status, particularly deployment, and to explore potential pathways through which this impact occurs. Study 1 included an examination of the effect of military status on maternal depressive symptoms, parental stress, and marital satisfaction, as well as on the quality of the child's attachment to the parent at home. Further analyses were conducted to determine if maternal well-being mediated the effect of military status on attachment, and if there was a moderating role of social support on these associations. In Study 2, the unique role of military status in predicting reported behaviour problems over and above what was accounted for by child attachment and parental stress was explored. Findings from these studies revealed an association between deployment and higher levels of insecure attachment; and although deployment modestly predicted maternal depressive symptoms, there was no mediating effect found for maternal well-being. Furthermore, while insecure attachment and higher levels of parental stress were associated with elevated behaviour problems, deployment uniquely predicted conduct problems, internalizing problems, and total behaviour problems. Findings from the current studies add a valuable contribution to the limited available literature on how deployment affects young children in military families. Moreover these findings provide a basis in which to direct further research, and to also guide the development and implementation of interventions to support at-risk children in military families.
Demonstration of L-Shaped Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors

An L-shaped tunnel FET (TFET), which features band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) perpendicular to the channel direction, is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. It is more scalable than other vertical-BTBT-based TFET designs and provides more than 1000× higher ON-current (ION) than a conventional planar TFET with the same gate overdrive (Vov) of 0.8 V, due to improved subthreshold swing (S) and larger tunnel junction area. Its temperature dependence, constant S, and nonlinear output characteristics are discussed.
Stochastic modelling, Bayesian inference, and new in vivo measurements elucidate the debated mtDNA bottleneck mechanism

Dangerous damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be ameliorated during mammalian development through a highly debated mechanism called the mtDNA bottleneck. Uncertainty surrounding this process limits our ability to address inherited mtDNA diseases. We produce a new, physically motivated, generalisable theoretical model for mtDNA populations during development, allowing the first statistical comparison of proposed bottleneck mechanisms. Using approximate Bayesian computation and mouse data, we find most statistical support for a combination of binomial partitioning of mtDNAs at cell divisions and random mtDNA turnover, meaning that the debated exact magnitude of mtDNA copy number depletion is flexible. New experimental measurements from a wild-derived mtDNA pairing in mice confirm the theoretical predictions of this model. We analytically solve a mathematical description of this mechanism, computing probabilities of mtDNA disease onset, efficacy of clinical sampling strategies, and effects of potential dynamic interventions, thus developing a quantitative and experimentally-supported stochastic theory of the bottleneck. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07464. 001
Cultural Trends of Audience Online Interaction with Vocal Talent Shows: A Comparative Study between China and the US

Abstract This study examined cultural reflections online of audience comments on social network sites regarding vocal talent shows in China and the United States. The study applied dimensions of cross culture to investigate audience comments on the official social networking sites of The Voice of China and The Voice. Findings reflect Hofstede’s dimensions as applied to social media and illustrate how individuals alter their “local” cultural norms in the new media environment. The study specifically enhances the exploration of cultural manifestations in cyberspace, which fewer cross-cultural studies have researched.