Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘All that Glitters is not Gold’: The Role of Impression Management in Data Breach Notification

Data breaches have become a seemingly unavoidable aspect of the information age for both consumers and organizations. Breaches have tangible consequences, including the increased possibility of identity theft for consumers who see their personally identifiable information (PII) compromised. Organizations also face particular issues from data breaches, including damage to organizational reputation. In the United States, organizations are required to notify consumers in the event of a data breach. These notifications feature some aspects that are mandated by the state. However, organizations could control many aspects through the use of perspectives such as speech act theory and impression management techniques. In this article two studies examined the performance of language in letters sent to notify consumers whose PII had been affected by a security breach. Study 1, using a theoretical framework consisting of speech act theory, conditions of felicity, and visual presentation, analyzed 212 letters for specific elements. Study 2 used a 2 × 2 between-subjects design in which participants received sample stimulus letters in order to measure the effectiveness of visual presentation techniques on consumers. The results suggest that use of impression management techniques can produce a positive outcome when organizations send notification letters.
A double-blind, randomized study of minocycline for the treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms in early-phase schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Current antipsychotics have only a limited effect on 2 core aspects of schizophrenia: negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline that has a beneficial effect in various neurologic disorders. Recent findings in animal models and human case reports suggest its potential for the treatment of schizophrenia. These findings may be linked to the effect of minocycline on the glutamatergic system, through inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and blocking of nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity. Other proposed mechanisms of action include effects of minocycline on the dopaminergic system and its inhibition of microglial activation. OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of minocycline as an add-on treatment for alleviating negative and cognitive symptoms in early-phase schizophrenia. METHOD A longitudinal double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used, and patients were followed for 6 months from August 2003 to March 2007. Seventy early-phase schizophrenia patients (according to DSM-IV) were recruited and 54 were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to minocycline 200 mg/d. All patients had been initiated on treatment with an atypical antipsychotic < or = 14 days prior to study entry (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or clozapine; 200-600 mg/d chlorpromazine-equivalent doses). Clinical, cognitive, and functional assessments were conducted, with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS Minocycline was well tolerated, with few adverse events. It showed a beneficial effect on negative symptoms and general outcome (evident in SANS, Clinical Global Impressions scale). A similar pattern was found for cognitive functioning, mainly in executive functions (working memory, cognitive shifting, and cognitive planning). CONCLUSIONS Minocycline treatment was associated with improvement in negative symptoms and executive functioning, both related to frontal-lobe activity. Overall, the findings support the beneficial effect of minocycline add-on therapy in early-phase schizophrenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00733057.
A Type System for Lock-Free Processes 1

Interpretation. An alternative way to analyze the behavior of a concurrent program would be to use abstract interpretation [4, 5]. Actually, from a very general viewpoint, our type-based analysis of locks can be seen as a kind of abstract interpretation. We can read a type judgment Γ P as “Γ is an abstraction of a concrete process P . ” (The relation “ ” corresponds to a pair of abstraction/concretization functions.) Indeed, we can regard a type environment as an abstract process: we have defined reductions of type environments in Section 3.7. The subject reduction property (Theorem 3.1) can be interpreted as “whenever a concrete process P is reduced to another concrete process Q, an abstraction Γ of P can also be reduced to another abstract process Δ which is an abstraction of Q. ” In other words, every reduction step of a concrete process is simulated by reduction of its abstract process. A concrete process is guaranteed to be lock-free, because the reliability condition (Definition 3.16) guarantees that an abstract process never falls into a lock,
The Effects of Advertiser Reputation and Extremity of Advertising Claim on Advertising Effectiveness

A factorial experiment was developed in which the reputation of the advertising firm and the extremity of the adverising claim were manipulated. Two levels of advertiser reputation, focusing on the expertise and trustworthiness of the sponsoring firm, were developed. Claim extremity was structured on a rank-order scale with product claims as first, third, fifth, or twentieth best among 100 competing brands. Product evaluation was significantly influenced by both independent variables and by the interaction between the two. Measures of ad credibility helped provide an explanation for the findings. Copyright 1990 by the University of Chicago.
Cell Cycle and Senescence Suppression of Ser / Thr Phosphatase 4 ( PP 4 C / PPP 4 C ) Mimics a Novel Post-Mitotic Action of Fostriecin , Producing Mitotic Slippage Followed by Tetraploid Cell Death

Fostriecin is a natural product purified from Sterptomyces extracts with antitumor activity sufficient to warrant human clinical trials. Unfortunately, difficulties associated with supply and stable drug formulation stalled further development. At a molecular level, fostriecin is known to act as a catalytic inhibitor of four PPPfamily phosphatases, and reports describing the design of molecules in this class suggest derivatives targeting enzymes within the fostriecin-sensitive subfamily can be successful. However, it is not clear if the tumorselective cytotoxicity of fostriecin results from the inhibition of a specific phosphatase, multiple phosphatases, or a limited subset of fostriecin sensitive phosphatases. How the inhibition of sensitive phosphatases contributes to tumor-selective cytotoxicity is also not clear. Here, high-content time-lapse imaging of live cells revealed novel insight into the cellular actions of fostriecin, showing that fostriecin-induced apoptosis is not simply induced following a sustained mitotic arrest. Rather, apoptosis occurred in an apparent second interphase produced when tetraploid cells undergo mitotic slippage. Comparison of the actions of fostriecin and antisense-oligonucleotides specifically targeting human fostriecin-sensitive phosphatases revealed that the suppression PP4C alone is sufficient to mimic many actions of fostriecin. Importantly, targeted suppression of PP4C induced apoptosis, with death occurring in tetraploid cells following mitotic slippage. This effect was not observed following the suppression of PP1C, PP2AC, or PP5C. These data clarify PP4C as a fostriecinsensitive phosphatase and demonstrate that the suppression of PP4C triggers mitotic slippage/apoptosis. Implications: Future development of fostriecin class inhibitors should consider PP4C as a potentially important target. Mol Cancer Res; 11(8); 845–55. 2013 AACR.
Impaired Pressure Sensation in Mice Lacking TRPV4*

The sensation of pressure, mechanosensation, in vertebrates remains poorly understood on the molecular level. The ion channel TRPV4 is in the TRP family and is a candidate for a mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channel. It is located in dorsal root ganglia. In the present study, we show that disrupting the Trpv4 gene in mice markedly reduced the sensitivity of the tail to pressure and acidic nociception. The threshold to noxious stimuli and the conduction velocity of myelinated nerve responding to stimuli were also impaired. Activation of unmyelinated nerve was undetected. However, the mouse still retained olfaction, taste sensation, and heat avoidance. The TRPV4 channel expressed in vitro in Chinese hamster ovary cells was opened by low pH, citrate, and inflation but not by heat or capsaicin. These data identify the TRPV4 channel as essential for the normal detection of pressure and as a receptor of the high-threshold mechanosensory complex.
After the fall of the Berlin Wall: perceptions and consequences of stability and change among middle-aged and older East and West Germans.

OBJECTIVES This study empirically tested the self-systems theory of subjective change in light of the rapid change after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The theory predicts that individuals have a tendency to perceive stability and that perceived stability exerts a strong positive effect on subjective well-being. We would expect perceptions of decline and, to a lesser extent, perceptions of improvement to be related to lower levels of subjective well-being. METHODS Data were from respondents aged 40-85 years who participated in the German Aging Survey. We used measures of well-being and temporal comparisons during the past 10 years (1986-1996). RESULTS West Germans reported more stability than East Germans, in particular in the public domain and in older age groups. Compared with perceptions of stability, perceptions of decline were related to less life satisfaction and more negative affect, and perceptions of growth to more negative affect. Temporal comparisons were unrelated to positive affect. DISCUSSION Our findings both confirm and reject the self-systems theory of subjective change as it relates to the fall of the Berlin Wall. Studying temporal comparisons is important in understanding the effects of historical events and their timing within an individual life course.
An investigation of player to player character identification via personal pronouns

The player character is an important feature of many games, where it is through the character that the player interacts with game world. There has been considerable interest in the relationship between the player and the player character. Much of this work has examined the identification of players with their characters, generally taking either a textual analysis approach, or has been empirical work that has explicitly identified the idea of identification through survey instruments, etc. The work presented here takes a different empirical approach, focusing on the use of various pronoun forms (first, second, third) as an indication of the relationship between player and character. Results indicate that the presence of story and information about the player character had no effect on identification with the plater character. However, characteristics of the players, particularly gender and general experience in playing video games, did have a statistically significant affect, indicating that different levels of identification are more dependent on the player than on the game. This indicates that players are not a homogeneous group with respect to player character identification and is an important consideration for designers to recognise.
Removal and Biodegradation of Nonylphenol by Four Freshwater Microalgae

The removal and biodegradation of nonylphenol (NP) by four freshwater microalgae, including three green algae (Scendesmus quadriauda, Chlorella vulgaris, and Ankistrodesmus acicularis) and one cyanobacterium (Chroococcus minutus) were studied in bacteria-free cultures exposed to different concentrations of NP for 5 days. All four algal species showed a rapid and high ability to remove NP (including bioaccumulation and biodegradation). Among these species, A. acicularis (Ankistrodesmus acicularis) had the highest NP removal rate (83.77%) at 120 h when exposed to different NP treatments (0.5–2.5 mg·L−1), followed by C. vulgaris (Chlorella vulgaris) (80.80%), S. quadriauda (Scendesmus quadriauda) (70.96%) and C. minutus (Chroococcus minutus) (64.26%). C. vulgaris had the highest NP biodegradation percentage (68.80%) at 120 h, followed by A. acicularis (65.63%), S. quadriauda (63.10%); and C. minutus (34.91%). The extracellular NP contents were lower than the intracellular NP contents in all tested algae. The ratio of the extracellular NP content and the intracellular NP content ranged from 0.04 to 0.85. Therefore, the removal of NP from the medium was mainly due to the algal degradation. These results indicate that A. acicularis and C. vulgaris are more tolerant to NP and could be used for treatment of NP contaminated aqueous systems effectively by bioremoval and biodegradation.
An analysis on muscle tone and stiffness during sling exercise on static prone position

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the muscle tone and stiffness of the lumbar region while individuals adopted the static prone position using sling suspension. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 30 healthy women in their 20s. The muscle tone and stiffness of the upper and lower lumbar regions of the sling suspension group and a control group were measured using myotonmetory as they maintained the static prone positon. [Results] The sling suspension group showed statistically significant declines in the muscle tone and stiffness of the upper lumbar region 5–10 min after adopting the initial prone position. They also showed statistically significant declines in the muscle tone and stiffness of the lower lumbar region immediately after being suspended in the slings and a statistically significant decline in the muscle tone of the lower lumbar region 5–10 min after adopting the initial prone position during which the sling suspension was applied. In contrast, the muscle tone and stiffness of the lumbar region of the control group increased while maintaining the static prone position. [Conclusion] The static prone position performed on a treatment table using sling suspension can be an effective intervention for reducing the muscle tone and stiffness of the lumbar region.
Egr‐1 and serum response factor are involved in growth factors‐ and serum‐mediated induction of E2‐EPF UCP expression that regulates the VHL‐HIF pathway

E2‐EPF ubiquitin carrier protein (UCP) has been shown to be highly expressed in common human cancers and target von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) for proteosomal degradation in cells, thereby stabilizing hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α. Here, we investigated cellular factors that regulate the expression of UCP gene. Promoter deletion assay identified binding sites for early growth response‐1 (Egr‐1) and serum response factor (SRF) in the UCP promoter. Hepatocyte or epidermal growth factor (EGF), or phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate induced UCP expression following early induction of Egr‐1 expression in HeLa cells. Serum increased mRNA and protein levels of SRF and UCP in the cell. By electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, sequence‐specific DNA‐binding of Egr‐1 and SRF to the UCP promoter was detected in nuclear extracts from HeLa cells treated with EGF and serum, respectively. Overexpression of Egr‐1 or SRF increased UCP expression. RNA interference‐mediated depletion of endogenous Egr‐1 or SRF impaired EGF‐ or serum‐mediated induction of UCP expression, which was required for cancer cell proliferation. Systemic delivery of EGF into mice also increased UCP expression following early induction of Egr‐1 expression in mouse liver. The induced UCP expression by the growth factors or serum increased HIF‐1α protein level under non‐hypoxic conditions, suggesting that the Egr‐1/SRF‐UCP‐VHL pathway is in part responsible for the increased HIF‐1α protein level in vitro and in vivo. Thus, growth factors and serum induce expression of Egr‐1 and SRF, respectively, which in turn induces UCP expression that positively regulates cancer cell growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1117–1127, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic circulatory response to stress of simulated flight and to physical exercise before and after propranolol blockade.

Stress can induce profound responses in the cardiovascular system. In such situations increased systemic blood pressure and flow have been observed (Groilman, 1929; Stead et al., 1945; Hickam, Cargill, and Golden, 1948; Stevenson, Duncan, and Wolff, 1949; Wolf et al., 1955). Much of our further knowledge of the responses to emotional stimuli on central and regional hamodynamics in man has been summarized by Brod (1963). In most investigations the experimental situations and environments cannot be considered representative of day-to-day stressful occurrences. For example, most often stimuli such as mental arith-
Native and Nonnative Judgments of Intelligibility and Irritation

This study compares the reactions of native English speakers and native Spanish speakers who listened to tapes of Puerto Rican learners of English of various levels of proficiency. The listeners completed a questionnaire that examines the following variables: intelligibility, grammar, pronunciation, intonation, wrong words, voice, hesitations, distraction and annoyance. It was found that the English and Spanish listeners differed principally in how they rated the linguistic form of the speakers and in the annoyance reported. The Spanish listeners rated the linguistic form much lower than did the English listeners and also reported more annoyance. This indicates that the Spanish listeners were less tolerant toward nonnative speech than were the English listeners. In addition, pronunciation and hesitations were reported by both groups of listeners to be, overall, the features most distracting from the message.
In vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses and titers of humoral antibodies from periodontitis patients to oral spirochete isolates

Humoral antibodies and in vitro blastogenic responses of patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis and of orally healthy (control) individuals to 11 spirochetes were assayed. Eight isolates of Treponema denticola, two isolates of T. vincentii, and one isolate of T. phagedenis were grown anaerobically, sonicated, and centrifuged to remove cellular debris. The blastogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured by [3H]-thymidine uptake. Antibody titers (immunoglobulins A, G, and M) to the spirochetes were measured with the micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dark-field microscopic enumeration of spirochetes was made from subgingival plaque. Spirochetes comprised 20% of the total number of microorganisms seen in plaque from the patients, whereas no spirochetes were seen in plaque from the controls. The blastogenic responses to the spirochetes were not statistically different (P greater than 0.05) between patients and controls. The immunoglobulin G and M antibody titers of the patients were generally lower than the titers of the controls, but the differences were rarely statistically significant. In contrast, the patients possessed significantly higher immunoglobulin A titers to seven spirochetes (T. denticola). No correlation was found between the percentage of spirochetes in the plaque sample and the blastogenic responses or titers of antibodies from an individual to the 11 spirochetes.
Supported planar germanium waveguides for infrared evanescent-wave sensing.

We have fabricated miniature planar IR waveguides with thicknesses of 30-50 mum, consisting of 12-mm long, 2-mm wide strips of Ge supported on ZnS substrates. Evidence for efficient propagation of broadband IR light through these waveguides is provided by the presence of characteristic high- and low-frequency optical cutoffs of Ge; by the observation of an oscillatory interference pattern in the transmittance spectrum, which exhibits a dependence on waveguide thickness and propagation angle that closely matches waveguide theory; and by the detection of strong evanescent-wave absorption from small (2 mm(2)) droplets of liquid, e.g., water, on the waveguide surface. As also predicted by theory, the surface sensitivity (detected light absorbance per unit area of sample-waveguide contact) is shown to increase as a function of incidence or bevel angle.
High on Modernity? Explaining the Failings of Tanzanian Villagisation1

The conceptual fluidity and analytical multi-valence of Seeing Like a State’s key concept, high modernism, make it well nigh impossible to put it in a box. To nonetheless delineate its contours, I will put it in two. First, the notion may be read as an organising concept for some quite specific explanatory claims in answer to the question raised in the book’s subtitle, how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. In this strand of the book’s analysis, high modernist schemes’ failures are portrayed to arise directly out of their excessive reliance on generalising, propositional, ‘scientific’ knowledge (juxtaposed to metis – experiential ‘knowing how’ within a specific context) and/or the visual shorthand for such knowledge, a Cartesian aesthetics of orderliness. They fail because their attempt to reorder functioning ‘organic’ systems of life and production in accordance with generalised propositional knowledge and a Cartesian sense of orderliness produces what Scott (1998:228) calls the ‘environmental and social taxidermy’ of a dysfunctional world in the image of the high modernist plan.
Age and Crime

The age-crime curve, increasing to a peak in the teenage years and then decreasing, is well-known. Less well-known is that it seems to reflect variations in prevalence (the proportion of persons who are offenders) rather than incidence (the rate of offending by offenders). Age-crime curves for individuals do not resemble the aggregate curve since incidence does not change consistently between the onset and the termination of criminal careers. This has major implications for criminal justice policy since the greatest residual length of criminal careers, and hence the greatest potential incapacitative effect, may be between ages thirty and forty, not at the peak age. Different types of offenses peak at different ages; this probably reflects crime switching rather than the replacement of one group of offenders by another. There is little specialization in offending, but specialization does increase with age. Age effects need to be separated from period and cohort effects. The age-crime curve probably reflects decreasing parental controls, a peaking of peer influence in the teenage years, and then increasing family and community controls with age.
Who Complains About Alligators? Cognitive and Situational Factors Influence Behavior Toward Wildlife

Understanding perceptual and situational factors underlying nuisance complaints can help managers maintain carnivore populations while mitigating conflicts with people. Our study uses data from a mail survey (n = 467 complainants about nuisance alligators, and n = 669 random Florida residents) and a three-step binary logistic regression analysis to examine how general attitudes, specific beliefs, and situational factors influence the behavior of reporting nuisance alligators. Residence adjacent to fresh water, the presence of outdoor pets, higher risk belief scores, higher nuisance belief scores, higher education, and older age were all related to complaining about an alligator, whereas general attitude toward alligators was not. Results are consistent with the “specificity principle” for attitude–behavior correspondence and emphasize the importance of situational factors as behavioral determinants. Targeted harvest areas can help to manage complaints in marginal habitats where risk from alligators is persistent. Information about protective behaviors and benefits of alligators can motivate residents to avoid dangerous encounters.