Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privileged mobilities: locating the expatriate in migration scholarship

Migrants who are privileged by citizenship, class or ‘race’ are largely still absent from mainstream migration research and theory; until recently, they were generally assumed to be adaptable and acceptable cosmopolites, positive drivers of cross-border transfers of knowledge and skills. This has been addressed by an emerging scholarship on ‘expatriates’. This article offers a review and critical reading of that literature; it considers the instabilities and ambiguities of the term ‘expatriate’ and situates expatriate migrants within the global economy, before examining the gendered nature of expatriation and attending to migrants' incorporation in host contexts and expatriate negotiations of identity. The literature suggests that at the heart of these processes lie complex configurations of racialisation, gender, class and nationality, often involving problematic reproductions of the colonial past. This article argues that these issues are inherently related to the category's inconsistencies, rendering it difficult as a ‘category of analysis’. Instead, rather than using the term as a pre-given conceptual frame, it needs to be treated as a ‘category of practice’ to be investigated in its own right. Especially as the subject becomes more established in migration studies, scholars need to reckon with the ongoing challenge that lies in studying the identity category ‘expatriate’ while resisting reproducing a reified understanding of it.
Density of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 messenger RNA-containing neurons that express the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND Disturbances of gamma-aminobutyric acid interneurons in the cerebral cortex contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The activity of these neurons is, in turn, modulated by glutamatergic inputs furnished by pyramidal neurons. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that glutamatergic inputs onto gamma-aminobutyric acid interneurons via the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor are altered in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. DESIGN A double in situ hybridization technique was used to simultaneously label the messenger RNA (mRNA) for the NMDA NR(2A) subunit with (35)sulfur and the mRNA for the 67-kDa isoform of the gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD(67)) with digoxigenin. SETTING Postmortem human brain studies. PARTICIPANTS We studied 17 subjects with schizophrenia, 17 subjects with bipolar disorder, and 17 normal control subjects. RESULTS The density of all GAD(67) mRNA-containing neurons was decreased by 53% and 28%, in layers 2 and 5, respectively, in subjects with schizophrenia, whereas in subjects with bipolar disorder there was a 35% reduction in layer 2 only. For GAD(67) mRNA-containing neurons that co-expressed NR(2A)mRNA, their numerical density was decreased by 73% and 52%, in layers 2 and 5, respectively, in subjects with schizophrenia and by 60% in layer 2 in those with bipolar disorder. In the schizophrenia group, the density of the GAD(67)mRNA-containing neurons that did not co-express NR(2A)mRNA was also decreased by 42% in layer 2. In both disease groups, the expression level of NR(2A)mRNA in GAD(67) mRNA-containing cells was unaltered. CONCLUSIONS The density of gamma-aminobutyric acid interneurons that express the NMDA NR(2A)subunit appears to be decreased in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Future studies will address whether subpopulations of these neurons may be differentially affected in the 2 conditions.
Availability and Use of Instructional Materials in the Teaching of Conflict and Conflict Resolution in Primary Schools in Nandi North District, Kenya.

This paper examines the availability and use of instructional resources necessary for teaching Conflict and Conflict Resolution as a topic in Social Studies subject in primary schools in Nandi North District in Kenya. The study was carried out through descriptive survey. The study population included Social Studies teachers in Kosirai Division of Nandi North District. From this population, a sample of 45 standard seven Social Studies teachers was drawn using purposive sampling. The instruments used for data collection were: a questionnaire, document analysis and classroom observation checklist. Descriptive statistics namely: frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that many of the primary school Social Studies teachers had not attended any in-service courses to induct them on how to teach emerging issues like Conflict and Conflict Resolution in the current primary curriculum. The teachers also lacked sufficient instructional materials for effective teaching of the topic. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the current preparation of teachers to teach Conflict and Conflict Resolution is inadequate with regards to their ability to design relevant teaching and learning resources and effectively use them in the teaching and learning process. In addition the available instructional materials in the sampled schools were insufficient. The study recommended the need for Social Studies teachers to be retrained and sensitized on the appropriate instructional materials for teaching Conflict and Conflict Resolution.
Nanomedicine Strategies to Target Tumor-Associated Macrophages

In recent years, the influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on cancer progression has been better understood. Macrophages, one of the most important cell types in the TME, exist in different subtypes, each of which has a different function. While classically activated M1 macrophages are involved in inflammatory and malignant processes, activated M2 macrophages are more involved in the wound-healing processes occurring in tumors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) display M2 macrophage characteristics and support tumor growth and metastasis by matrix remodeling, neo-angiogenesis, and suppressing local immunity. Due to their detrimental role in tumor growth and metastasis, selective targeting of TAM for the treatment of cancer may prove to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer. Due to the plastic nature of macrophages, their activities may be altered to inhibit tumor growth. In this review, we will discuss the therapeutic options for the modulation and targeting of TAM. Different therapeutic strategies to deplete, inhibit recruitment of, or re-educate TAM will be discussed. Current strategies for the targeting of TAM using nanomedicine are reviewed. Passive targeting using different nanoparticle systems is described. Since TAM display a number of upregulated surface proteins compared to non-TAM, specific targeting using targeting ligands coupled to nanoparticles is discussed in detail.
Delighted or Satisfied? Positive Emotional Responses Derived from Theme Park Experiences

ABSTRACT This study uses cognitive appraisal theory (CAT) to explain why some visitors may be delighted and others satisfied having had similar experiences, as well as the respective effects of these two outcomes on revisit intentions. A survey (n = 645) of visitors to a theme parks showed that tourists’ different evaluations of their experience on certain appraisal dimensions proposed by CAT, such as the degree of goal realization, goal relevance, and novelty, led to either delight or satisfaction. Tourists’ level of loyalty intentions also varied systematically with their particular emotional response. These findings provide practitioners with an understanding of how to design favorable experiences for their customers.
Was it justified? Applying attribution theory to corporate violence

Abstract Despite increasing public concern about corporate crime, socio-demographic variation in perceived seriousness and punitiveness continues to emerge. This study investigates whether differences in opinion about corporate violence originate from adherence to either dispositional or situational blame attribution styles. Four hundred and eight participants completed an online survey that measured their attribution style as well as their perceived seriousness of corporate violence, and punitiveness toward its perpetrators. Results of statistical analyses bring partial support for attribution theory. As expected, subjects more likely to endorse a dispositional attribution style (e.g. Blacks) generally displayed greater perceived seriousness of corporate violence and punitiveness toward its perpetrators. Nevertheless, the hypothesis that right-leaning political and religious ideology was predictive of a situational attribution style received little support. This study provides support for Unnever, Benson and Cullen’s hypothesis that Blacks’ negative attitudes toward corporate crime might be an expression of resistance against a system of white domination (2008). Implications of these findings are discussed.
Abl2/Abl-related Gene Stabilizes Actin Filaments, Stimulates Actin Branching by Actin-related Protein 2/3 Complex, and Promotes Actin Filament Severing by Cofilin*

Background: Arg/Abl2 has two actin-binding domains, but how they influence actin filaments was unknown. Results: Arg and cortactin cooperatively stabilize actin filaments; Arg enhances Arp2/3 complex activation and stimulates severing by cofilin. Conclusion: Arg directly regulates actin filament stability, branching, and severing, which are modulated by cortactin. Significance: These activities may underlie the control of actin-based cellular structures by Arg. Both Arp2/3 complex and the Abl2/Arg nonreceptor tyrosine kinase are essential to form and maintain diverse actin-based structures in cells, including cell edge protrusions in fibroblasts and cancer cells and dendritic spines in neurons. The ability of Arg to promote cell edge protrusions in fibroblasts does not absolutely require kinase activity, raising the question of how Arg might modulate actin assembly and turnover in the absence of kinase function. Arg has two distinct actin-binding domains and interacts physically and functionally with cortactin, an activator of the Arp2/3 complex. However, it was not known whether and how Arg influences actin filament stability, actin branch formation, or cofilin-mediated actin severing or how cortactin influences these reactions of Arg with actin. Arg or cortactin bound to actin filaments stabilizes them from depolymerization. Low concentrations of Arg and cortactin cooperate to stabilize filaments by slowing depolymerization. Arg stimulates formation of actin filament branches by Arp2/3 complex and cortactin. An Arg mutant lacking the C-terminal calponin homology actin-binding domain stimulates actin branch formation by the Arp2/3 complex, indicative of autoinhibition. ArgΔCH can stimulate the Arp2/3 complex even in the absence of cortactin. Arg greatly potentiates cofilin severing of actin filaments, and cortactin attenuates this enhanced severing. The ability of Arg to stabilize filaments, promote branching, and increase severing requires the internal (I/L)WEQ actin-binding domain. These activities likely underlie important roles that Arg plays in the formation, dynamics, and stability of actin-based cellular structures.
Are there Differences in Teamwork Across Team Type?

Team performance is a complex and illusive phenomena that has not yet been fully understood. Teams rely on certain underlying processes to shape their performance. These underlying processes (i.e., “the black box”) have been investigated over the last few years. However, a significant amount of the research has relied on command-and-control teams. The current study focuses on the differentiation of teams based on interdependence, performance arrangement and shared awareness to test the relationship between performance and teamwork behaviors. In addition, the effects of stress, operationalized as workload using a secondary task was also tested. Results showed some support for different communication patterns in different team types. No effects of workload were found. These results should be further investigated and applied to future team research.
Psycho-neuro-immunological treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with major depression - a single case report

Summary A female patient, who was suffering major depression and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), sought treatment in the Jozuka Mental Clinic. She was treated using a psycho-neuro-immunological approach. The treatments applied were psychotherapy, the antidepressant fluvoxamine, glycyrrhizinic acid and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Biochemical, endocrinological and immunological examinations were performed regularly. Improvement of liver function and reduction of α-fetoprotein were observed. The levels of DHEA, natural killer cell activity and cytokines (interleukines IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, interferon IFN-γ) were normalised. Now, more than two and a half years after her admission, the patient is still well and symptom-free. While this may be a case of spontaneous regression, the results suggest that a psycho-neuro-immunological approach to treating the patient's depression and cancer was helpful for her recovery.
Differences between Early-Blind, Late-Blind, and Blindfolded-Sighted People in Haptic Spatial-Configuration Learning and Resulting Memory Traces

The roles of visual and haptic experience in different aspects of haptic processing of objects in peripersonal space are examined. In three trials, early-blind, late-blind, and blindfolded-sighted individuals had to match ten shapes haptically to the cut-outs in a board as fast as possible. Both blind groups were much faster than the sighted in all three trials. All three groups improved considerably from trial to trial. In particular, the sighted group showed a strong improvement from the first to the second trial. While superiority of the blind remained for speeded matching after rotation of the stimulus frame, coordinate positional-memory scores in a non-speeded free-recall trial showed no significant differences between the groups. Moreover, when assessed with a verbal response, categorical spatial-memory appeared strongest in the late-blind group. The role of haptic and visual experience thus appears to depend on the task aspect tested.
Incorporation of nitrogen into rumen bacterial fractions of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. Ammonia assimilation into intracellular bacterial amino acids

1. Experiments were carried out in vivo to investigate the pathways of ammonia incorporation into rumen bacteria, bacterial fractions and free amino acids within the bacteria. 2. Steers were alternately given two isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing the nitrogen mainly as either urea or decorticated groundnut meal (DCGM). At the end of each period on a given diet, a solution of 15NH4Cl was infused into the rumen and samples of rumen contents were removed at 2, 10, 20 and 90 min and 5, 10 and 24 h afterwards. Concentrations of ammonia and its 15N enrichment were determined and samples of mixed rumen bacteria were prepared. Bacteria were disrupted ultrasonically and separated into bacterial protein, cell wall and protein-free cell supernatant fractions. Amino acids were separated after hydrolysis and their 15N contents determined. 3. A rumen fluid circulation pump was developed so that representative samples could be taken at very short time intervals after the introduction of the 15N label. 4. Rumen pH changes, rumen fluid dilution rates and patterns of rumen ammonia concentrations were consistent with normal rumen metabolism. Net bacterial synthesis (as calculated from the net outflow of bacteria from the rumen) was significantly (P < 0·05) greater with the DCGM diet (12·4 g bacterial N/d) than with the ureadiet (9·24 g bacterial N/d). 5. With both diets the 15N label rapidly left the rumen ammonia pool and entered the rumen bacteria. Analysis of the bacterial fractions indicated that the label appeared rapidly in the protein-free cell supernatant fraction and more slowly in the bacterial protein and cell wall fractions. 6. With the DCGM diet bacteria apparently utilized intracellular label less efficiently than with the urea diet. The proportion of N in the protein-free cell supernatant was higher with the DCGM diet, suggesting increased levels of intracellular amino acids and peptides, following extracellular protein degradation. 7. Levels of enrichment of the amino acids alanine and glutamate in the protein-free cell supernatant fraction suggested that the enzymes alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1. 4. 1. 1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 4. 1. 2 and 1. 4. 1. 4) may be the major enzymes for assimilating ammonia when concentrations of soluble carbohydrate and rumen ammonia are high in the rumen. 8. The high levels of intracellular alanine are discussed with reference to publishedwork on the excretion of alanine by rumen bacteria.
Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Infected with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in South Korea in 2014

SUMMARY Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N8 subtype was isolated from a young ostrich in South Korea in March 2014. Clinical signs characterized by anorexia, depression, and signs of nervousness were observed. The isolated A/ostrich/Korea/H829/2014 (H5N8) virus had a cleavage site motif containing multiple basic amino acids, typical of HPAI virus. The phylogenetic tree of the hemagglutinin gene of the H5 HPAI virus showed that this ostrich H5N8 virus belongs to clade 2.3. 4.4 viruses together with H5N8 strains isolated from ducks and wild birds in South Korea in 2014. Pathologically, redness of pancreas, enlargement and hemorrhage of spleen, friability of brain, and hydropericardium were prominently found. Histologic legions were observed in pancreas, spleen, liver, lung, heart, and brain, and influenza A nucleoproteins were detected in the same organs by immunohistochemistry. Other ostriches farmed together in open camps were not infected with HPAI virus based on the serologic and virologic tests. The findings indicate that ostriches are susceptible to H5N8 HPAI virus, but this virus does not spread efficiently among ratites.
Head and neck cancer: dedicated FDG PET/CT protocol for detection--phantom and initial clinical studies.

PURPOSE To retrospectively compare the sensitivity of a dedicated fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) protocol versus a standard whole-body PET/CT protocol for detection of head and neck cancer, with biopsy and follow-up as reference standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. Dedicated and standard PET/CT protocols were performed in a phantom and in 55 patients suspected of having head and neck cancer (28 men, 27 women; age range, 21-79 years). The neck phantom contained four 4.4-9.8-mm-diameter spheres. Standard protocol consisted of a midcranium to proximal thigh emission scan of 2-4 minutes per bed position. Dedicated protocol was an 8-minute head and neck scan. Reconstructed field of view and pixel size, respectively, were 30 cm and 2.34 mm for the dedicated and 50 cm and 3.91 mm for the standard protocol. FDG uptake was evaluated visually and semiquantitatively by using standardized uptake values (SUVs). Mean SUV was compared between dedicated and standard protocols with a t test modified for clustered sampling. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. A two-tailed P value was used. RESULTS In the phantom study, a larger percentage difference (20%-27%) in sphere-to-background ratios with the dedicated than with the standard protocol was observed for 6.0-9.8-mm spheres. In the clinical study, a total of 149 lymph nodes were identified. Five malignant and six benign lymph nodes (mean diameter, 7.1 mm) were visually identified with the dedicated protocol only. SUVs with the dedicated protocol were significantly higher than those with the standard protocol (P<.001). Area under the ROC curve was 0.94 for the dedicated and 0.92 for the standard protocol (P=.56). CONCLUSION FDG PET with either the standard or dedicated protocol was more sensitive than CT for evaluating head and neck lymph nodes. The dedicated protocol improved the detectability of smaller nodes.
Measurement system for characterization of gas-liquid two-phase flow in micro-channel

A measurement system is developed for the parameter detection and flow characterization of gas-liquid two-phase flow in micro-channel. Electrical capacitance measurement system and optical measurement system are designed for the micro-channels with different inner diameters of 4.0 mm, 3.1 mm and 1.8 mm respectively. In experiment, bubble flow, stratified flow, slug flow and annular flow are observed. PSD (Power Spectrum Density) and PDF (Probability Density Function) methods are used to analyze the capacitance and optical signals. The results show that the stratified flow can not be observed in the pipe with inner diameter of 1.8 mm, and that the PSD and PDF curve can be used to characterize different flow regimes of gas-liquid two-phase flow in micro-channel. So the constructed measurement system is effective, and can be used to analyze flow characteristics and identify flow regime of gas-liquid two-phase flow in micro-channel.
Michigan Mute Swan Management: A Case Study to Understand Contentious Natural Resource Management Issues

ABSTRACT U.S. state fish and wildlife agencies have responded to perceived ecological and social threats posed by mute swans by implementing population control strategies. In Michigan, some stakeholder groups have vocally opposed particular control activities. To better understand and characterize key aspects of the underlying media dialogue about mute swan management in Michigan, one factor in the development of public perceptions about wildlife issues, we conducted a qualitative content analysis of Michigan-specific online news articles. Results revealed tensions between stakeholder groups about management priorities were rooted in differing ideas about healthy social and ecological systems, appropriate wildlife behavior, and the acceptability of lethal control (i.e., shooting living birds). Characterizing which stakeholder groups aligned with particular arguments might allow managers to tailor and direct messaging to specific audiences.
Impact of Genetic Counseling and Connexin-26 and Connexin-30 Testing on Deaf Identity and Comprehension of Genetic Test Results in a Sample of Deaf Adults: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study

Using a prospective, longitudinal study design, this paper addresses the impact of genetic counseling and testing for deafness on deaf adults and the Deaf community. This study specifically evaluated the effect of genetic counseling and Connexin-26 and Connexin-30 genetic test results on participants' deaf identity and understanding of their genetic test results. Connexin-26 and Connexin-30 genetic testing was offered to participants in the context of linguistically and culturally appropriate genetic counseling. Questionnaire data collected from 209 deaf adults at four time points (baseline, immediately following pre-test genetic counseling, 1-month following genetic test result disclosure, and 6-months after result disclosure) were analyzed. Four deaf identity orientations (hearing, marginal, immersion, bicultural) were evaluated using subscales of the Deaf Identity Development Scale-Revised. We found evidence that participants understood their specific genetic test results following genetic counseling, but found no evidence of change in deaf identity based on genetic counseling or their genetic test results. This study demonstrated that culturally and linguistically appropriate genetic counseling can improve deaf clients' understanding of genetic test results, and the formation of deaf identity was not directly related to genetic counseling or Connexin-26 and Connexin-30 genetic test results.