Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Error Correction: Students’ Versus Teachers’ Perceptions

Few issues in second language teaching have generated as much controversy as that of error correction. In fact, one of the most discouraging experiences of L2 teachers is correcting errors especially those that recur in their students’ production. A possible explanation may be the mismatch between what teachers and students consider to be effective feedback on error correction. Although much has been published on error taxonomies, detection, analysis and evaluation, there is a dearth of research studies comparing teachers’ and students’ perceptions. This article endeavours to help fill this void. The study involved 21 informants. Eleven of them were undergraduate students who had no teaching experience or qualifications, whereas the other 10 were qualified teachers of English as a foreign language with between three and 13 years’ experience. After watching an excerpt from a commercially produced teaching video twice, the participants were asked to detect the error-correction moves made by the teacher, classify them, judge their efficiency and record their opinions individually and in groups. The results indicated that a significant percentage of the teacher’s error-correction moves went unnoticed. Teachers and students agreed that the most efficient corrections occurred when more time, longer explanations, and use of different correction strategies were utilised.
Novel High-Breakdown InGaAs/InAlAs pHEMTs for Radio Astronomy Applications

By optimising the epitaxial layer profile of InGaAs-InAlAs pHEMTs we have demonstrated improved DC and RF performance from a new, low-cost, 1 μm-gate device structure in terms of breakdown voltage, leakage current and output conductance. A simple fabrication process is employed that does not use double-recess or composite-channel structures. No penalty was incurred on cut-off frequency or gain due to this new design approach. High uniformity of device characteristics across wafers and between different process runs has been achieved by utilising highly optimised and controlled processing techniques. The room-temperature noise characteristics of these devices are better than 0.5 dB at 1.4 GHz and they show great potential for low-cost, ultra-low-noise LNAs operating at room temperature in the low-frequency radio astronomy band.
About User Preferences and Willingness to Pay for a Secure and Privacy Protective Ubiquitous Personal Assistant

As more and more objects and devices get “smart” and heavily interconnected via the Internet of Things (IoT), the need for intelligent, omnipresent and individualized assistance increases rapidly. In order to develop helpful and economically viable ubiquitous intelligent assistance, companies need insights about the users’ preferences and willingness to pay for different features of Ubiquitous Intelligent Assistants (UPAs). To date, the existing body of literature does not deliver expedient information on this topic. Our study contributes to the existing research by assessing the users’ preferences and willingness to pay for a highly secure and privacy stringent UPA. Based on a Choice-Based Conjoint analysis method, we found that the participants have serious concerns about the security and privacy of their personal data. Furthermore, we discovered that participants acknowledge that for additional security and privacy a higher cost is due. However, there is a discrepancy between the user’s valuation of high security and privacy features and the actual costs incurring to realize that high level of data protection. The resulting financing gap needs to be addressed through savvy business models, which according to our findings can include advertising or product differentiation, but by no means the monetization of the participants’ personal data.
Oxygen Utilization and Ventilation During Exercise in Patients with Chronic Cardiac Failure

Muscular work requires the integration of cardiopulmonary mechanisms for gas exchange and 02 delivery. In patients with chronic cardiac failure, the response of these mechanisms may be impaired, and the pattern of 02 utilization (VO2) and gas exchange during exercise would thus provide an objective assessment of the severity of heart failure. Accordingly, rates of air flow, 0, uptake, CO, elimination and minute ventilation were determined during progressive treadmill exercise in 62 patients with stable heart failure. Exercise cardiac output, systemic 0, extraction and lactate production were measured directly in 40 patients with heart failure of varying severity. As the severity of heart failure increased from class A to D, there was a progressive decrease in exercise capacity (from 1157 4 154 to 373 ± 157 seconds) and maximum VO, (23 ± 3.1 to 8.4 ± 1.5 ml/min/kg). These decreases corresponded with the reduced maximum cardiac output and stroke volume during exercise. The appearance of anaerobic metabolism (580 ± 17 to 157 ± 7 seconds of exercise) and the corresponding anaerobic threshold (17 ± 0.34 to 7.1 i 1.5 ml/min/kg), determined noninvasively, were reproducible and correlated with the rise in mixed venous lactate concentration. No apparent untoward effects were experienced during or after the progressive exercise test. We conclude that the measurement of respiratory gas exchange and air flow during exercise is an objective, reproducible and safe noninvasive method for characterizing cardiac reserve and functional status in patients with chronic cardiac failure.
GRACE TECHNICAL REPORTS Proceedings of the Sixth Asian Workshop on Foundations of Software

Over a period of more than 40 years, Computer Scientists have been proposing mathematical approaches to software development. We have seen countless papers about: • Description and analysis of networks of hardware elements (logic design) • Specification and verification of sequential programs. • Specification and verification of concurrently executing programs • Specification and description of module and component interfaces • Description of a module or components internal design decisions • Description/Specification of a component or modules external behaviour • Description/Specification of a computer systems external behaviour In this talk I present an approach that can be applied to all of these problems. It allows designers to use the same notation throughout and to check on the correctness of the results at the end of each design phase. The functional approach defines the content of each document. Tabular expressions have the precision of conventional mathematics but present information in a way that is easy for developers to use.
Haematopoietic stem cell survival and transplantation efficacy is limited by the BH3-only proteins Bim and Bmf

Anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family members are critical for the regulation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) survival. Little is known about the role of their pro‐apoptotic antagonists, i.e. ‘BH3‐only’ proteins, in this cell compartment. Based on the analysis of cytokine deprivation‐induced changes in mRNA expression levels of Bcl‐2 family proteins, we determined the consequences of BH3‐only protein depletion on HSPC survival in culture and, for selected candidates, on engraftment in vivo. Thereby, we revealed a critical role for Bim and Bmf as regulators of HSPC dynamics both during early engraftment and long‐term reconstitution. HSPCs derived from wild‐type donors were readily displaced by Bim‐ or Bmf‐deficient or Bcl‐2‐overexpressing HSPCs as early as 10 days after engraftment. Moreover, in the absence of Bim, significantly lower numbers of transplanted HSPCs were able to fully engraft radio‐depleted recipients. Finally, we provide proof of principle that RNAi‐based reduction of BIM or BMF, or overexpression of BCL‐2 in human CD34+ cord blood cells may be an attractive therapeutic option to increase stem cell survival and transplantation efficacy.
Finding people and their utterances in social media

Since its introduction, social media, "a group of internet-based applications that (.) allow the creation and exchange of user generated content" [1], has attracted more and more users. Over the years, many platforms have arisen that allow users to publish information, communicate with others, connect to like-minded, and share anything a users wants to share. Text-centric examples are mailing lists, forums, blogs, community question answering, collaborative knowledge sources, social networks, and microblogs, with new platforms starting all the time. Given the volume of information available in social media, ways of accessing this information intelligently are needed; this is the scope of my research. Why should we care about information in social media? Here are three examples that motivate my interest. (A) Viewpoint research; someone wants to take note of the viewpoints on a particular issue. (B) Answers to problems; many problems have been encountered before, and people have shared solutions. (C) Product development; gaining insight into how people use a product and what features they wish for, eases the development of new products. Looking at these examples of information need in social media, we observe that they revolve not just around relevance in the traditional sense (i.e., objects relevant to a given topic), but also around criteria like credibility, authority, viewpoints, expertise, and experiences. However, these additional aspects are typically conditioned on the topical relevance of information objects. In social media, "information objects" come in several types but many are utterances created by people (blog posts, emails, questions, answers, tweets). People and their utterances offer two natural entry points to information contained in social media: utterances that are relevant and people that are of interest. I focus on three tasks in which the interaction between the two is key.
Nitrification - Denitrification Reactions in Flooded Soil.

Losses of applied N in flooded soils are greatly influenced by nitrification-denitrification reactions. Tracer studies using labelled ammonium sulfate were conducted to demonstrate the pathways of N loss in flooded soil. + — The roles of NH4 -N diffusion, nitrification, NO 3 -N diffusion and denitrification in controlling N loss from continuously flooded soil * 1 were evaluated m independent experiments. The slow rate of NH4 -N diffusion from the anaerobic layer to the overlying aerobic layer, and the slow rate of nitrification in the aerobic layer indicate that these two processes are limiting steps in controlling N loss. Nitrate diffusion from the aerobic layer to the underlying anaerobic layer and denitrification in the anaerobic layer were found to proceed at faster rates and are not likely to limit N loss in a flooded soil. Increasing the concentration of 0 3 in the atmosphere above the flood­ water increased NH*-N loss. Oxygen aided in development of a thick aerobic layer, thus increasing the zone of nitrification. The final gaseous end products of nitrification-denitrification reaction were N 2 and N2 O. The total loss of NH^-N from a soil column (15-cm depth) by nitrification-denitrification was equivalent to 12.43 g N/m^ (124.3 kg/ha) for a 1 2 0 -day incubation period when the initial concentration of NH^-N was 44.84 g N/m (448.4 kg/ha). Diffusion of NH4 -N from the
Adequate phosphate binding with lanthanum carbonate attenuates arterial calcification in chronic renal failure rats.

BACKGROUND Hyperphosphataemia is a risk factor for arterial calcification contributing to the high cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Calcium-based phosphate binders can induce hypercalcaemia and are associated with progression of vascular calcification. Therefore, the effect of lanthanum carbonate, a non-calcium phosphate binder, on the development of vascular calcification was investigated in uraemic rats. METHODS Chronic renal failure (CRF) was induced by feeding rats an adenine-enriched diet for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks, 1% or 2% lanthanum carbonate was added to the diet for 6 weeks. Calcification in the aorta, carotid and femoral arteries was evaluated histomorphometrically, biochemically and by ex vivo micro-CT. Chondro-/osteogenic conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells was also analysed in the rat aorta. RESULTS Treatment with 1% lanthanum carbonate (1% La) did not reduce vascular calcification, but in the 2% lanthanum carbonate (2% La) group vascular calcium content and area% Von Kossa positivity were decreased compared with control CRF rats. The aortic calcified volume measured with ex vivo micro-CT was significantly reduced in rats treated with 2% La. Although calcification was inhibited by treatment with 2% La, the chondrocyte transcription factor sox-9 was abundantly expressed in the aorta. CONCLUSION Treatment of CRF rats with 2% La reduces the development of vascular calcification by adequate phosphate binding resulting in a decreased supply of phosphate as a substrate for vascular calcification.
Future changes in thermal comfort conditions over China based on multi-RegCM4 simulations

ABSTRACT A set of high resolution (25 km) 21st century climate change projections using the regional climate model RegCM4 driven by four global model simulations were conducted over East Asia under the mid-range RCP4.5 scenario. In the present paper, the authors investigate the change in thermal comfort conditions over china based on an ensemble of the projections, using the index of effective temperature (ET), which considers the aggregate effects of temperature, relative humidity, and wind on human thermal perception. The analysis also accounts for exposure as measured by distributed population amount scenarios. The authors find that the general increase in ET leads to a large increase in population exposure to very hot days (a China-aggregated six-fold increase in ‘person-days’ by the end of the 21st century. There is a decrease in cool, cold, and very cold person-days. Meanwhile, a decrease in comfortable day conditions by 22% person-days is found despite an increase in climate-based comfortable days. Analysis of the different contributions to the changes (climate, population, and interactions between the two) show that climate effects play a more important role in the hot end of the thermal comfort categories, while the population effects tend to be dominant in the cold categories. Thus, overall, even a mid-level warming scenario is found to increase the thermal stress over China, although there is a strong geographical dependence. The inclusion of population exposure strongly modulates the climate-only signal, which highlights the need for including socioeconomic factors in the assessment of risks associated with climate change. Graphical Abstract
An Empirical Analysis of Phishing Blacklists

In this paper, we study the eectiveness of phishing blacklists. We used 191 fresh phish that were less than 30 minutes old to conduct two tests on eight anti-phishing toolbars. We found that 63% of the phishing campaigns in our dataset lasted less than two hours. Blacklists were ineective when protecting users initially, as most of them caught less than 20% of phish at hour zero. We also found that blacklists were updated at dierent speeds, and varied in coverage, as 47% - 83% of phish appeared on blacklists 12 hours from the initial test. We found that two tools using heuristics to complement blacklists caught signicantly more phish initially than those using only blacklists. However, it took a long time for phish detected by heuristics to appear on blacklists. Finally, we tested the toolbars on a set of 13,458 legitimate URLs for false positives, and did not nd any instance of mislabeling for either blacklists or heuristics. We present these ndings and discuss ways in which anti-phishing tools can be improved.
Field Testing of Regulatory Focus Theory

Three field experiments using the offensive and defensive characteristics of baseball games to manipulate promotion and prevention focus of baseball audiences were conducted to test hypotheses of regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997). The results indicate that people with a promotion and prevention focus differed in their emotions (Study 1), motivation, openness to change (Study 2), and cognition (Study 3). Promotion focus triggered more cheerfulness–dejection emotions, eagernessrelated motivation, openness to change, and creative thinking in problem resolving; whereas prevention focus evoked more quiescence–agitation emotions, vigilance-related motivation, preference for stability, and less creativity. In general, the results indicate that regulatory focus may result in various psychological consequences in a real-world setting. jasp_766 1565.1581
Matching fluid simulation elements to surface geometry and topology

We introduce an Eulerian liquid simulation framework based on the Voronoi diagram of a potentially unorganized collection of pressure samples. Constructing the simulation mesh in this way allows us to place samples anywhere in the computational domain; we exploit this by choosing samples that accurately capture the geometry and topology of the liquid surface. When combined with high-resolution explicit surface tracking this allows us to simulate nearly arbitrarily thin features, while eliminating noise and other artifacts that arise when there is a resolution mismatch between the simulation and the surface---and allowing a precise inclusion of surface tension based directly on and at the same resolution as the surface mesh. In addition, we present a simplified Voronoi/Delaunay mesh velocity interpolation scheme, and a direct extension of embedded free surfaces and solid boundaries to Voronoi meshes.
Surface water quality assessment of the main tributaries in the lower São Francisco River , Sergipe Avaliação da qualidade da água superficial dos principais afluentes do baixo rio São Francisco em Sergipe

Contamination of water body by diffuse and point sources in springs has caused concerns mainly due to restrictions on its quality. The problem becomes more serious when contamination affects water for human consumption, as occurs in the river São Francisco, which supplies several municipalities of Sergipe. In this sense, the objective of the study was to evaluate water quality in eleven tributaries of the São Francisco river in its low course in the period from 2013 to 2014, in order to subsidize decision making by public management bodies operating in the region. For this purpose, it was used the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI), as well the hierarchical grouping techniques associated to the samples to compare the different causes of contamination of each source. The lowest WQI values were observed in the rivers Betume and Jacaré and they were associated with high concentrations of coliforms related to the disposal of domestic effluents from the riverside cities. It was observed a tendency to eutrophication in the Jacaré stream, Santo Antônio, Pilões, Papagaio and Capivara rivers demonstrated by the high TSI in the rainy season. The results of the cluster analysis were close to their Euclidean distance, and showed that there were similarity relationships between the different water sources related to their parameters of water quality. In this piece of work, we also used the Factor Analysis resulted in the selection of five factors of water quality indicators which are mainly related to mineral content, organic matter, surface runoff and the level of pollution. Thus, it is concluded that the water quality of the São Francisco river tributaries is at a strong tendency towards contamination and that its tributaries need a constant monitoring for the environmental management decisions to be the most adequate for the sustainable survival of the riverside communities.
Control software for home automation, design aspects and position paper

The home is an eternal, heterogeneous, distributed computing environment which must be secure and reliable. Computers and embedded processors in the home are all different shapes and sizes and ages. Hence the home poses one of the most challenging environments for co-operative programming. We envisage that control software is introduced into the home by four different methods varying from embedded ROM code to applets generated from a combination of natural language and gesture with wands. But we argue that, in the long term, all of it must be represented in a common, formally-verifiable language and conform to a common scripting convention. The AutoHan project at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory is the umbrella under which we are trying to grow these ideas.
Shuttling of the chaperones Unc45b and Hsp90a between the A band and the Z line of the myofibril

The formation of thick filaments in striated muscle involves the chaperones Hsp90a and Unc45. We show that Unc45b and Hsp90a, two zebrafish orthologues, colocalize with myosin during myofibrillogenesis and associate with the Z line when myofibril assembly is completed. In response to stress or damage to the myofiber, Unc45b and Hsp90a dissociate from the Z line and transiently associate with myosin. Although chaperone activity of Unc45b requires the full-length protein, only the central and Unc45-Cro1p-She4p domains are required to anchor it to the Z line, and multiple subdomains mediate association with nascent myosin. We propose that the Z line serves as a reservoir for chaperones, allowing a rapid mobilization in response to muscle damage. Our data are consistent with a differential affinity model as an explanation for the shuttling of the chaperones between the Z line and myosin.
Glucose Oscillations Can Activate an Endogenous Oscillator in Pancreatic Islets

Pancreatic islets manage elevations in blood glucose level by secreting insulin into the bloodstream in a pulsatile manner. Pulsatile insulin secretion is governed by islet oscillations such as bursting electrical activity and periodic Ca2+ entry in β-cells. In this report, we demonstrate that although islet oscillations are lost by fixing a glucose stimulus at a high concentration, they may be recovered by subsequently converting the glucose stimulus to a sinusoidal wave. We predict with mathematical modeling that the sinusoidal glucose signal’s ability to recover islet oscillations depends on its amplitude and period, and we confirm our predictions by conducting experiments with islets using a microfluidics platform. Our results suggest a mechanism whereby oscillatory blood glucose levels recruit non-oscillating islets to enhance pulsatile insulin output from the pancreas. Our results also provide support for the main hypothesis of the Dual Oscillator Model, that a glycolytic oscillator endogenous to islet β-cells drives pulsatile insulin secretion.
Mechanisms of the Regulation of the Intestinal Na+/H+Exchanger NHE3

A major of Na+ absorptive process in the proximal part of intestine and kidney is electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ by Na+/H+ exchanger type 3 (NHE3). During the past decade, significant advance has been achieved in the mechanisms of NHE3 regulation. A bulk of the current knowledge on Na+/H+ exchanger regulation is based on heterologous expression of mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers in Na+/H+ exchanger deficient fibroblasts, renal epithelial, and intestinal epithelial cells. Based on the reductionist's approach, an understanding of NHE3 regulation has been greatly advanced. More recently, confirmations of in vitro studies have been made using animals deficient in one or more proteins but in some cases unexpected findings have emerged. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of recent progress in the regulation and functions of NHE3 present in the luminal membrane of the intestinal tract.