Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived exploitative employee-organisation relationships: a multi-study investigation of a new construct

The employee-organisation relationship (EOR) has received considerable attention in the organisational behaviour literature. This line of research has heavily emphasised positive relationships, or has examined negative events within an overall positive or neutral relationship. Influenced by the tenets of social exchange theory (Blau, 1964) and the norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960), this strand of research assumes that positive and negative relationships are mirror opposites, rather than discrete forms of interaction. In an attempt to expand negative EOR research, this thesis focuses on exploitation, which has been under-researched in the organisational behaviour literature. This thesis presents a multi-study investigation of a new construct termed perceived exploitative employee-organisation relationships (PERs), employing five independent samples. First, a new measure was developed and evaluated using four samples. PERs were found to be distinct from related constructs, explaining additional variance in negative emotions above and beyond other established constructs. The new scale was then used to examine a hypothesised model of the antecedents and outcomes of such exploitative relationships in a longitudinal study of medical doctors in training. Findings indicate that an effort-reward imbalance which favours the organisation is a pre-condition for the development of PERs, supporting the distributive nature of this phenomenon. Contrary to expectations, however, abusive supervision was not found to predict exploitation perceptions among employees. PERs predicted several attitudinal and behavioural outcomes, and this relationship was partially mediated by the emotions of anger, hostility, shame and guilt. The findings appear to support a thesis of negative asymmetric relationships viewing negative and positive relationships as discrete phenomena that develop differently and have divergent impact on outcomes. The contributions and implications of this thesis as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Seasonality effects on pharmaceuticals and s‐triazine herbicides in wastewater effluent and surface water from the Canadian side of the upper Detroit River

The influence of seasonal changes in water conditions and parameters on several major pharmacologically active compounds (PhACs) and s‐triazine herbicides was assessed in the wastewater and sewage treatment plant (WSTP) effluent as well as the downstream surface water from sites on the Canadian side of the upper Detroit River, between the Little River WSTP and near the water intake of a major drinking water treatment facility for the City of Windsor (ON, Canada). The assessed PhACs were of neutral (carbamazepine, cotinine, caffeine, cyclophosphamide, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, pentoxifylline, and trimethoprim) and acidic (ibuprofen, bezafibrate, clofibric acid, diclofenac, fenoprofen, gemfibrozil, indomethacin, naproxen, and ketoprofen) varieties. The major assessed s‐triazine herbicides were atrazine, simazine, propazine, prometon, ametryn, prometryn, and terbutryn. At sampling times from September 2002 to June 2003, 15 PhACs were detected in the WSTP effluent at concentrations ranging from 1.7 to 1,244 ng/L. The PhAC concentrations decreased by as much 92 to 100% at the Little River/Detroit River confluence because of the river dilution effect, with further continual decreases at sites downstream from the WSTP. The only quantifiable s‐triazine in WSTP effluent, atrazine, ranged from 6.7 to 200 ng/L and was higher in Detroit River surface waters than in WSTP effluent. Only carbamazepine, cotinine, and atrazine were detectable at the low‐nanogram and subnanogram levels in surface waters near a drinking water intake site. Unlike the PhACs, atrazine in the Detroit River is not attributable to point sources, and it is heavily influenced by seasonal agricultural usage and runoff. Detroit River surface water concentrations of carbamazepine, cotinine, and atrazine may present a health concern to aquatic wildlife and to humans via the consumption of drinking water.
Mutagenic Potential ofBos taurus Papillomavirus Type 1 E6 Recombinant Protein: First Description

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is considered a useful model to study HPV oncogenic process. BPV interacts with the host chromatin, resulting in DNA damage, which is attributed to E5, E6, and E7 viral oncoproteins activity. However, the oncogenic mechanisms of BPV E6 oncoprotein per se remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Bos taurus papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E6 recombinant oncoprotein by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMNA) and comet assay (CA). Peripheral blood samples of five calves were collected. Samples were subjected to molecular diagnosis, which did not reveal presence of BPV sequences. Samples were treated with 1 μg/mL of BPV-1 E6 oncoprotein and 50 μg/mL of cyclophosphamide (positive control). Negative controls were not submitted to any treatment. The samples were submitted to the CBMNA and CA. The results showed that BPV E6 oncoprotein induces clastogenesis per se, which is indicative of genomic instability. These results allowed better understanding the mechanism of cancer promotion associated with the BPV E6 oncoprotein and revealed that this oncoprotein can induce carcinogenesis per se. E6 recombinant oncoprotein has been suggested as a possible vaccine candidate. Results pointed out that BPV E6 recombinant oncoprotein modifications are required to use it as vaccine.
Autism and performance on the suppression task: Reasoning, context and complexity

In this study both adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing controls were presented with conditional reasoning problems using familiar content. In this task both valid and fallacious conditional inferences that would otherwise be drawn can be suppressed if counterexample cases are brought to mind. Such suppression occurs when additional premises are presented, whose effect is to suggest such counterexample cases. In this study we predicted and observed that this suppression effect was substantially and significantly weaker for autistic participants. We take this as evidence that autistics are less contextualised in their reasoning, a finding that can be linked to research on autism on a variety of other cognitive tasks.
Comparison of Once and Twice Daily Dosing of Didanosine in Combination with Stavudine for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection

Objective To compare the antiviral activity, safety and tolerability of didanosine dosed once and twice daily when administered in combination with stavudine dosed twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with little or no previous exposure to antiretroviral drugs. Design Comparative, multicentre, randomized, open-label, short-term study. Patients and Methods Eighty-four HIV-1-infected adults with qualifying baseline CD4 cell counts of 200 to 500 cells/mm3 were included in the study. Of these, 43 patients received once daily didanosine plus twice daily stavudine (group A) and 41 subjects received twice daily didanosine plus twice daily stavudine (group B). The primary efficacy analysis used was the time-averaged difference (TAD) between treatment regimens of variations in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels from baseline over the first 12 weeks of therapy. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, CD4 cell counts and adverse events were monitored. Results: At week 12, median HIV-1 RNA variations were –1.18 log10 copies/ml in group A and –0.88 log10 copies/ml in group B. For patients who were followed up to week 24, median variations of HIV-1 RNA levels from baseline were –1.21 log10 copies/ml in group A and –0.78 log10 copies/ml in group B. The TAD between the two treatment groups for variations from baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA levels over the first 12 weeks was 0.10 log10 copies/ml (95% confidence interval, –0.19 to 0.40), indicating equivalence. Conclusion Once daily didanosine plus twice daily stavudine and twice daily didanosine plus twice daily stavudine are equally effective in reducing plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and increasing CD4 cell counts. Both regimens are safe and well tolerated.
Violence against Women in Scandinavia: a Description and Evaluation of two new Laws Aiming to Protect Women

Violence against women by a present or former male partner has over the last decade been given a higher priority in the political discussion in all of the Scandinavian countries. Increasingly, violence in intimate relationships is viewed as a public rather than a private matter in these countries. With this change in attitudes and levels of political interest, higher expectations are placed on official authorities, including the criminal justice system, to deal actively with this social problem. In all of the Scandinavian countries it may, for example, be decided by a prosecutor that a woman should be protected from a man by issuing a restraining order. Moreover, a new offence called ‘gross violation of a woman's integrity’ was introduced into the Swedish penal code in 1998. With this offence, less serious but repeated violent acts committed by a man against a present or former female partner are to be judged as one serious offence. The stipulated sanction for this offence is imprisonment between 6 months and 6 years. The purpose of this article is to evaluate how the police, the prosecutors and the courts deal with this new offence. The article also present results from an evaluation of restraining orders in Sweden.
DT-operators and decomposability of Voiculescu's circular operator

The DT-operators are introduced, one for every pair (μ, c ) consisting of a compactly supported Borel probability measure μ on the complex plane and a constant c 0. These are operators on Hilbert space that are defined as limits in *-moments of certain upper triangular random matrices. The DT-operators include Voiculescu's circular operator and elliptic deformations of it, as well as the circular free Poisson operators. We show that every DT-operator is strongly decomposable. We also show that a DT-operator generates a II1 -factor, whose isomorphism class depends only on the number and sizes of atoms of μ. Those DT-operators that are also R-diagonal are identified. For a quasi-nilpotent DT-operator T , we find the distribution of T*T and a recursion formula for general *-moments of T .
The Use of Hypnotics and Mortality - A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Sleep disorders, especially chronic insomnia, have become major health problem worldwide and, as a result, the use of hypnotics is steadily increasing. However, few studies with a large sample size and long-term observation have been conducted to investigate the relationship between specific hypnotics and mortality. Methods We conducted this retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Information from claims data including basic characteristics, the use of hypnotics, and survival from 2000 to 2009 for 1,320,322 individuals were included. The use of hypnotics was divided into groups using the defined daily dose and the cumulative length of use. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated from a Cox proportional hazards model, with two different matching techniques to examine the associations. Results Compared to the non-users, both users of benzodiazepines (HR = 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.78–1.85) and mixed users (HR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.42–1.47) had a higher risk of death, whereas the users of other non-benzodiazepines users showed no differences. Zolpidem users (HR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.71–0.75) exhibited a lower risk of mortality in the adjusted models. This pattern remained similar in both matching techniques. Secondary analysis indicated that zolpidem users had a reduced risk of major cause-specific mortality except cancer, and that this protective effect was dose-responsive, with those using for more than 1 year having the lowest risk. Conclusions The effects of different types of hypnotics on mortality were diverse in this large cohort with long-term follow-up based on representative claims data in Taiwan. The use of zolpidem was associated with a reduced risk of mortality.
Dissolution enhancement of glimepiride using modified gum karaya as a carrier

Objective: The aim of present investigation is to enhance in vitro dissolution of poorly soluble drug glimepiride by preparing solid dispersions using modified gum karaya. Materials and Methods: Solid dispersions of drug were prepared by solvent evaporation method using modified gum karaya as carrier. Four batches of solid dispersion (SD1, SD4, SD9, and SD14) and physical mixture (PM1, PM4, PM9, and PM14) were prepared and characterized by differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-Ray diffraction (X-RD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Equilibrium solubility studies were carried out in shaker incubator for 24 h and in vitro drug release was determined using USP Dissolution Apparatus-II. Results: Maximum solubility and in vitro dissolution were observed with Batch SD4. No significant enhancement of dissolution characteristics were observed in the corresponding physical mixture PM4. Low viscosity with comparable swelling characteristics as compared to GK of modified form of gum karaya may lead to improvement in dissolution behavior of solid dispersion batches. Also, the conversion of crystalline form of drug to amorphous form may be a responsible factor, which was further confirmed by DSC, FTIR studies, and X-RD studies. SEM photographs of batch SD4 revealed porous nature of particle surface. Conclusion: Modified forms of natural carriers prove beneficial in dissolution enhancement of poorly soluble drugs and exhibited a great potential in novel drug delivery systems.
Improved Accuracy in Algebraic Splitting Methods for Navier-Stokes Equations

This paper studies a new alteration of Yosida algebraic splitting methods for the Navier--Stokes equations. By applying the usual or pressure-corrected Yosida splitting techniques to discretizations written in terms of velocity and pressure updates $(u^{n+1}-u^n,p^{n+1}-p^n)$, we show that the accuracy is increased by one full order in $\Delta t$ without any additional cost in the respective methods. Proofs of the convergence results are given both in linear algebraic and finite element frameworks. Several numerical tests are given which reveal the (sometimes dramatic) improvement in accuracy offered by the proposed fix.
Actas Urológicas Españolas Eau Guidelines on Urinary Incontinence Palabras Clave

Context: The first European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on incontinence were published in 2001. These guidelines were periodically updated in the past years. Objective: The aim of this paper is to present a summary of the 2009 update of the EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence (UI). Evidence acquisition: The EAU working panel was part of the 4th International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) and, with permission of the ICI, extracted the relevant data. The methodology of the 4th ICI was a comprehensive literature review by international experts and consensus formation. In addition, level of evidence was rated according to a modified Oxford system and grades of recommendation were given accordingly. Evidence summary: A full version of the EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence is available as a printed document (extended and short form) and as a CD-ROM from the EAU office or online from the EAU Web site and invasiveness of assessment of UI depend on severity and/or complexity of symptoms and clinical signs and are different for men, women, frail older persons, children, and patients with neuropathy. At the level of initial management, basic diagnostic tests are applied to exclude an underlying disease or condition such as urinary tract infection. Treatment is mostly conservative (lifestyle interventions, physiotherapy, physical therapy, pharmacotherapy) and is of an empirical nature. At the level of specialised management (when primary therapy failed, diagnosis is unclear, or symptoms and/or signs are complex/severe), more elaborate assessment is generally required, including imaging, endoscopy, and urodynamics. Treatment options include invasive interventions and surgery. Documento descargado de http://www.elsevier. es el 12/04/2017. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato. Conclusions: Treatment options for UI are rapidly expanding. These EAU guidelines provide ratings of the evidence (guided by evidence-based medicine) and graded recommendations for the appropriate assessment and according treatment options and put them into clinical perspective.
GENERALIZABILITY AND AUTOMATICITY OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING UNDER IMPLICIT, INCIDENTAL, ENHANCED, AND INSTRUCTED CONDITIONS

This experimental study examines the extent to which 60 adult Japanese ESL learners were able to acquire a rule regulating the argument structure frames of novel verbs of English after exposure to grammatical examples of sentences containing the verbs. Training took place under conditions with no focus on form (implicit and incidental conditions) and with focus on form (enhanced and instructed conditions). The presentation of instances during training was manipulated as a test of predictions made by Logan's (1988, 1990, 1992) memory-based instance theory of automaticity. Results measured in reaction times show similar slopes for automaticity on trained examples in each condition but significant differences in the extent of learning, with the focus on form conditions outperforming the no focus on form conditions in transfer of learned knowledge to accurate judgments of new ungrammatical sentences. Implications are drawn from the results regarding the acquisition of rule-based versus memory-based knowledge from exposure to stimuli in each training condition and the influence of this knowledge on decision-making about grammaticality during the transfer task.
Cohesion analysis of the expository discourse of normal, fluent aphasic and demented adults: A role in differential diagnosis?

The quantitative and qualitative use of cohesive ties in the expository discourse of groups of normal young adults, normal older adults, older people with anomic aphasia and older people with probable Alzheimer's Disease (AD) was investigated. Lack of a published suitable diagnostic tool which can differentiate the language disorder of fluent aphasia and the language disorder associated with AD, plus a dearth of normative data concerning the use of cohesion in the above groups, were the main foci of the investigation. It aimed to describe patterns of cohesion for each group, to compare group patterns and to focus specifically on whether any variations in use could significantly differentiate the discourse of people with AD from that of people with anomic aphasia. Discourse samples were subjected to analysis for appropriate and disrupted cohesive ties. Results revealed both quantitative and qualitative differences in the discourse cohesion of the groups, indicating how language use changes through senescen.
A 10-year cohort study of the burden and risk of in-hospital falls and fractures using routinely collected hospital data

Objectives To document the burden of in-hospital falls and fractures, and to identify factors that may increase the risk of these events. Design A retrospective cohort analysis Setting The study was set in the State of Victoria, Australia. Participants Hospital episode data collected in the Victoria Admitted Episodes Dataset, for all multiday-stay patients 18 years or more admitted to Victorian public hospitals; 1 July 1998 to 30 June 2008. Diagnoses were defined by the International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM), which includes an in-hospital diagnostic timing code. Outcome measures included rates of in-hospital falls and fractures, length of hospital stay and mortality. Variables included in risk adjustment included financial year, individual demographic and comorbidity data, and hospital characteristics. Results There were 3 345 415 episodes: 21 250 (0.64%) in-hospital falls and 4559 (0.14%) fractures. In-hospital fall (IHF) episode rates increased over the study period, but fracture episode rates were stable. Mortality (HR 1.3, CI 1.3 to 1.5) and length of stay (median 19 days vs 5 days, p<0.0001) were increased with IHF. Risk factors for IHF included dementia (rate ratio 1.7, CI 1.6 to 1.8) and delirium (rate ratio 1.8, CI 1.6 to 2.0). Conclusions Routinely collected data that include a hospital diagnostic timing code offer a standard method of quantifying in-hospital falls and fractures. Unselected in-hospital falls data may be subject to reporting and documentation bias. The utility of using robust selected injuries such as IHF-related fracture as a quality-of-care indicator requires further investigation.
THE CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES IN THE GALACTIC CENTER FROM THE ATMOSPHERES OF RED SUPERGIANTS

The Galactic center (GC) has experienced a high degree of recent star-forming activity, as evidenced by the large number of massive stars currently residing there. The relative abundances of chemical elements in the GC may provide insights into the origins of this activity. Here, we present high-resolution H-band spectra of two red supergiants (RSGs) in the GC (IRS 7 and VR 5-7), and in combination with spectral synthesis we derive abundances for Fe and C, as well as other α-elements Ca, Si, Mg Ti, and O. We find that the C depletion in VR 5–7 is consistent with the predictions of evolutionary models of RSGs, while the heavy depletion of C and O in IRS 7′s atmosphere is indicative of deep mixing, possibly due to fast initial rotation and/or enhanced mass loss. Our results indicate that the current surface Fe/H content of each star is slightly above solar. However, comparisons to evolutionary models indicate that the initial Fe-to-H ratio was likely closer to solar, and has been driven higher by H depletion at the stars' surface. Overall, we find α-to-Fe ratios for both stars, which are consistent with the thin Galactic disk. These results are consistent with other chemical studies of the GC, given the precision to which abundances can currently be determined. We argue that the GC abundances are consistent with a scenario in which the recent star-forming activity in the GC was fueled by either material traveling down the Bar from the inner disk, or from the winds of stars in the inner bulge—with no need to invoke top-heavy stellar initial mass functions to explain anomalous abundance ratios.