Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Rhythm Skills: Links with Neural Consistency and Linguistic Ability

Durational patterns provide cues to linguistic structure, thus so variations in rhythm skills may have consequences for language development. Understanding individual differences in rhythm skills, therefore, could help explain variability in language abilities across the population. We investigated the neural foundations of rhythmic proficiency and its relation to language skills in young adults. We hypothesized that rhythmic abilities can be characterized by at least two constructs, which are tied to independent language abilities and neural profiles. Specifically, we hypothesized that rhythm skills that require integration of information across time rely upon the consistency of slow, low-frequency auditory processing, which we measured using the evoked cortical response. On the other hand, we hypothesized that rhythm skills that require fine temporal precision rely upon the consistency of fast, higher-frequency auditory processing, which we measured using the frequency-following response. Performance on rhythm tests aligned with two constructs: rhythm sequencing and synchronization. Rhythm sequencing and synchronization were linked to the consistency of slow cortical and fast frequency-following responses, respectively. Furthermore, whereas rhythm sequencing ability was linked to verbal memory and reading, synchronization ability was linked only to nonverbal auditory temporal processing. Thus, rhythm perception at different time scales reflects distinct abilities, which rely on distinct auditory neural resources. In young adults, slow rhythmic processing makes the more extensive contribution to language skills.
Sequence Learning Under Uncertainty in Children: Self-Reflection vs. Self-Assertion

We know that stochastic feedback impairs children’s associative stimulus–response (S–R) learning (Crone et al., 2004a; Eppinger et al., 2009), but the impact of stochastic feedback on sequence learning that involves deductive reasoning has not been not tested so far. In the current study, 8- to 11-year-old children (N = 171) learned a sequence of four left and right button presses, LLRR, RRLL, LRLR, RLRL, LRRL, and RLLR, which needed to be deduced from feedback because no directional cues were given. One group of children experienced consistent feedback only (deterministic feedback, 100% correct). In this condition, green feedback on the screen indicated that the children had been right when they were right, and red feedback indicated that the children had been wrong when they were wrong. Another group of children experienced inconsistent feedback (stochastic feedback, 85% correct, 15% false), where in some trials, green feedback on the screen could signal that children were right when in fact they were wrong, and red feedback could indicate that they were wrong when in fact they had been right. Independently of age, children’s sequence learning in the stochastic condition was initially much lower than in the deterministic condition, but increased gradually and improved with practice. Responses toward positive vs. negative feedback varied with age. Children were increasingly able to understand that they could have been wrong when feedback indicated they were right (self-reflection), but they remained unable to understand that they could have been right when feedback indicated they were wrong (self-assertion).
Estimation of the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes from primary care and secondary care source data: comparison of record linkage with capture-recapture analysis

Study objective: To compare multiple source linkage and capture-recapture analysis in determining the current age and gender specific prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a UK white population. To assess whole population trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment by comparison with previous studies. Design: Data were obtained from hospital sources and all 74 general practices in the study population. Analyses were carried out both by record linkage and by use of a two source capture-recapture model to correct for incomplete ascertainment. Setting: County of Clwyd, North Wales: total population 418 200. Main results: By record linkage the age adjusted prevalence of all diabetes was 2.04 (95% confidence intervals 2.00 to 2.09)% . Using the capture-recapture method it was 2.29 (2.24 to 2.33)%. From capture-recapture data the age adjusted prevalence of type 1 diabetes was 0.40 (0.37 to 0.43)% in men and 0.28 (0.25 to 0.30)% in women; the prevalence of type 2 was 2.03 (1.97 to 2.09)% in men and 1.67 (1.62 to 1.72)% in women. These figures represent an increase compared with previous surveys. The age specific prevalence of type 2 diabetes was greater in men in a ratio of approximately 1.5:1 and there were more patients treated by diet alone. Conclusions: Record linkage using multiple sources underestimates the prevalence of diabetes compared with capture-recapture estimates. The results suggest the prevalence of known diabetes in the UK has approximately doubled in less than 20 years. There is an increasing preponderance of male patients and of patients treated currently with diet alone.
Evolution and Functional Diversification of the Paired Box ( Rzx ) DNA-Binding Domains

The Pax gene family consists of tissue-specific transcriptional regulators that always contain a highly conserved DNA-binding domain with six cx-helices (paired domain), and, in many cases, a complete or residual homeodomain. Numerous genes of this family have been identified in animals, with the largest number found in vertebrates. Our evolutionary analyses indicate that the vertebrate Pax gene family consists of four well-defined and statistically supported groups: group I (Pax-I, 9), II (Pax-2, 5, 8), III (Pax-3, 7), and IV (Pax-l, 6). Group I paired domains share a most recent common ancestor with Drosophila Pox meso, group II with Pox new-o, group III with paired and gooseberry, and group IV with the eyeless gene. Two groups containing complete homeodomains (III and IV) are distantly related, and the intergroup relationships are ((I,III),(II,IV)). These four major groups arose before the divergence of Drosophila and vertebrates prior to the Cambrian radiation of triploblastic metazoan body plans. We conducted an analysis of fixed radical amino acid differences between groups in a phylogenetic context. We found that all four fixed radical amino acid differences between groups I and III are located exclusively in the N-terminal a-helices. Similarly, groups II and IV show three fixed radical differences in these a-helices but at positions different from those in groups I and III. Implications of such fixed amino acid differences in potentially generating sequence recognition specificities are discussed in the context of some recent experimental findings.
Inhibition of Escherichia coliAcetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase by Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), the first enzyme of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, is inhibited by acylated derivatives of acyl carrier protein (ACP). ACP lacking an acyl moiety does not inhibit ACC. Acylated derivatives of ACP having chain lengths of 6 to 20 carbon atoms were similarly inhibitory at physiologically relevant concentrations. The observed feedback inhibition was specific to the protein moiety, as shown by the inability of the palmitoyl thioester of spinach ACP I to inhibit ACC.
Quality of life and parental styles assessed by adolescents suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases and their parents

Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in adolescents are chronic medical conditions with a substantial influence on the quality of life (QoL) of the families. Methods A total of 27 adolescents suffering from IBD, 39 healthy adolescents, and their parents were included in the cross-sectional study. The adolescents completed the questionnaires ADOR (parenting styles), KidScreen-10 (QoL), SAD (The Scale of Anxiety in Children), and CDI (Children’s Depression Inventory). The parents completed the BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory), BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory, second version), and PedsQL (Pediatrics Quality of Life) Family Impact Module. Results The parental styles of the parents of the IBD adolescents and controls were without significant differences. The only exception was that fathers’ positive parental style was significantly higher in the fathers of the controls. There were no statistically significant differences between the IBD children and controls in the QoL assessed using KidScreen-10. However, the QoL of the parents of the ill children was significantly lower than that of the parents of the controls (PedsQL total scores in mothers 66.84±14.78 vs 76.17±14.65 and in fathers 68.86±16.35 vs 81.74±12.89, respectively). The mothers of the IBD adolescents were significantly more anxious (BAI scores 9.50±10.38 vs 5.26±4.75) and the fathers more depressed (BDI-II scores 7.23±6.50 vs 3.64±3.51) than the parents of the controls, but there was no difference in the levels of anxiety or depression between the IBD adolescents and the controls. The positive parental style of both the parents of the children suffering from IBD positively correlated with the QoL of the adolescents evaluated by KidScreen-10. The positive parental style of the fathers negatively correlated with the children’s state and trait anxiety and negatively correlated with the severity of childhood depression. Conclusion The fathers of the IBD adolescents may exhibit low levels of positive parenting style and be mildly depressed, and the mothers tend to exhibit higher levels of anxiety.
Heterogeneous Conductance Levels of Native AMPA Receptors

The single-channel properties of AMPA receptors can affect information processing in neurons by influencing the amplitude and kinetics of synaptic currents, yet little is known about the unitary properties of native AMPA receptors in situ. Using whole-cell and outside-out patch-clamp recordings from granule cells in acute cerebellar slices, we found that migrating granule cells begin to express AMPA receptors before they arrive in the internal granule cell layer and receive synaptic input. At saturating agonist concentrations, the open probability of channels in outside-out patches from migrating cells was very high, allowing us to identify patches that contained only one or two active channels. Analysis of the single-channel activity in these patches showed that individual AMPA receptors exhibit as many as four distinguishable conductance levels. The conductance levels observed varied substantially for different channels, although on average the values fell within the range of unitary conductances estimated previously for synaptic AMPA receptors. In contrast to patches from migrating granule cells, we rarely observed directly resolvable single-channel currents in patches excised from the somata of granule cells in the internal granular layer, even though these cells gave large AMPA receptor whole-cell currents. We did, however, detect AMPA receptors with apparent unitary conductances of <1 pS in patches from both migrating and mature granule cells. Our results suggest that granule cells express a heterogeneous population of AMPA receptors, a subset of which are segregated to postsynaptic sites after synaptogenesis.
More Than a Dream: The Cristo Rey Story: How One School's Vision Is Changing the World by G. R. Kearney

squabble to a national war (p. 68), Berkman and Plutzer don’t even consider that letting educators and families choose schools could defuse the problem. They don’t even contemplate that letting all people choose what they want means they don’t have to engage in battles often resolved with lowest-common-denominator content no one likes but all can tolerate. Based only on what’s in this book, you could argue powerfully that school choice is the solution to the evolution problem. That choice doesn’t even get mentioned ultimately renders this important effort a little bit too narrow.
THE EFFECTS OF HUE AND BRIGHTNESS ON THE SIZE PERCEPTION

It has long been noticed by artists, psychologists and other specialists on color that some colors make objects appear larger and some color smaller (Arnheim, 1954). However only a few experimental studies have been done on this problem. Warden and Flyn (1931) asked their subjects to rank according to apparent size eight rectangular cartons which were identical in physical size but different in color, but could not obtain consistent results, ranking order being different from one serial arrangement on the display-shelf to another. Gundlach and Macoubrey (1926) repeated the same experiment by means of two different methods, the method of rank order and the method of paired comparison, and showed that both methods gave highly correlated results, brighter carton appearing larger than the darker. Tamaike (1935) found that the hue and brightness of background also affected the apparant size of circular figure. Recently Ohshima and his collaborators (1952) reported that there were some interactioneffects between the hue of figure and background, and Bevan and Duke (1953) showed in their experiment in an outdoor field the existence of some effect of hue other than the above-mentioned effect of brightness of figure. The following experiments were planned to measure more systematically the effects of the hue and brightness of both figure and background on the apparent size, and to clarify the ambiguous tendencies found in the previous experiments.
Analysis of technical tactical training of highly skilled fighters of Greco-Roman wrestling

Annotation. An analysis is conducted 55 fights of fighters winners of final part of competitions. 15 basic technical actions which are most more frequent utillized sportsmen on international competitions are selected. It is certain that technical actions are conducted sportsmen to the bar (49 actions), in an orchestra (58 actions). Three gravimetric groups are exposed: small (55 kg, 60 kg); middle (66 kg, 74 kg, 84 kg); heavy (96 kg, 120 kg). It is set that the most informing at the estimation of economic tactical feasibilities of sportsmen is carried in itself by final part of competitions. It is determined effectiveness, efficiency, amount of attacking actions, technical arsenal. It is certain that fighters must conduct a fight in a high rate. Sportsmen must utillize moving, captures, jerks, shoves. A sportsman must during every period of fight execute 1-2 real attempts of leadthrough of receptions.
Dynamic queries for visual information seeking

Considers how dynamic queries allow users to "fly through" databases by adjusting widgets and viewing the animated results. In studies, users reacted to this approach with an enthusiasm more commonly associated with video games. Adoption requires research into retrieval and display algorithms and user-interface design. The author discusses how experts may benefit from visual interfaces because they will be able to formulate more complex queries and interpret intricate results. <<ETX>>
Role of selenium against lead toxicity in male rats

Male albino rats were intramuscularly administered a single dose of lead acetate (100 μmol/kg b.wt). Another group of rats were injected with sodium selenite (10 μmol/kg b.wt) before lead intoxication. After 3 and 24 hours, lead treatment resulted in significant increases in acid and alkaline phosphatases, GOT and GPT, total proteins, and cholesterol in serum. The total triglycerides in serum was decreased after 24 hours of intoxication. Lead treatment also produced significant elevation of lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney. The antioxidant capacity of hepatic and renal cells in terms of the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione content was diminished. It appears from these results that lead may exert its toxic effect via peroxidative damage to renal and hepatic cell membranes after 24 hours. Selenium administration prior to lead injection produced pronounced prophylactic action against lead effects, and it is observed that selenium enhances the endogenous antioxidant capacity of the cells by increasing the activities of the superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase and the glutathione content. As a result, the lipid peroxidation was decreased in both liver and kidney. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 12: 345–349, 1998
The Credit Channel and Monetary Transmission in Brazil and Chile: A Structured VAR Approach

We use an expectation-augmented SVAR representation of an open economy New Keynesian model to study monetary transmission in Brazil and Chile. The underlying structural model incorporates key structural features of Emerging Market economies, notably the role of a bank-credit channel. We find that interest rate changes have swifter effects on output and inflation in both countries compared to advanced economies and that exchange rate dynamics plays an important role in monetary transmission, as currency movements are highly responsive to changes in in policy-controlled interest rates. We also find the typical size of credit shocks to have large effects on output and inflation in the two economies, being stronger in Chile where bank penetration is higher.
The cellular level of TRIM31, an RBCC protein overexpressed in gastric cancer, is regulated by multiple mechanisms including the ubiquitin—proteasome system

TRIM (tripartite motif) family proteins, comprising RING finger, B‐box and coiled‐coil domains, are involved in various cellular processes including tumour development and antiviral response. One of the family proteins, TRIM31, was originally identified as a gene induced by growth‐suppressive retinoid. Our previous study showed that TRIM31 is up‐regulated in stomach cancer and that TRIM31 protein possesses the common features of the TRIM protein family, for example, ubiquitin ligase activity and homo‐oligomerization tendency. Interestingly, TRIM31 negatively regulates growth of certain cell types despite its overexpression in gastric cancer tissues. We herein demonstrated that upon exogenous expression in 293 cells, TRIM31 is polyubiquitylated, which promotes its degradation in the proteasome pathway. The proteasome‐mediated degradation of endogenous TRIM31 was further confirmed in AsPC‐1 pancreatic cancer cells. Thus, this posttranslational modification governs the intracellular abundance of TRIM31, which is also dependent on inducible transcription as well as alternative splicing. The complicated control of the intracellular TRIM31 protein level may relate to its seemingly contradictory behaviours in the cancer pathology or the urgent response to viral infection.
ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND DNA PROTECTING ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT ASTERACEAE PLANTS

Asteraceae is the largest family of flowering plants, traditionally known for its medicinal properties. In the present study antioxidant properties of 10 selected Asteraceae species were assessed by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3- thylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. The plants were extracted sequentially in soxhlet apparatus with petroleum ether, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol and water in the increasing order of polarity. These extracts were subjected to find its antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents. Antibacterial activity against some human pathogenic bacteria was tested by agar disk diffusion method. Among all the organic solvent extracts, methanol extracts had very good antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The extracts showed inhibition of human pathogenic bacteria in the order: Escherichia coli > Klebsiella pneumonia > Shigella flexneri > Staphylococcus aureus > Bacillus subtilis > Bacillus cereus . Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 100 µg/100 µl for many plant extracts, whereas MIC of G. bosvallea and W. trilobata was 70 µg/100 µl for Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Shigella flexneri . The extracts were tested for pTZ57R/T plasmid DNA protection against hydroxyl radicals as evidenced by DNA fragmentation assay. Significant and positive linear correlations (R 2 = 0.9294) were found between total antioxidant capacities and phenolic contents indicating that phenolics were the dominant antioxidant constituents in tested medicinal plants which are discussed in this manuscript. Our study clearly demonstrated that the selected plants have good antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA protecting properties.
Word-Based Dialog State Tracking with Recurrent Neural Networks

Recently discriminative methods for tracking the state of a spoken dialog have been shown to outperform traditional generative models. This paper presents a new wordbased tracking method which maps directly from the speech recognition results to the dialog state without using an explicit semantic decoder. The method is based on a recurrent neural network structure which is capable of generalising to unseen dialog state hypotheses, and which requires very little feature engineering. The method is evaluated on the second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC2) corpus and the results demonstrate consistently high performance across all of the metrics.
Arabidopsis AtGPAT 1 , a Member of the Membrane-Bound Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase Gene Family , Is Essential for Tapetum Differentiation and Male Fertility

Membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15) mediates the initial step of glycerolipid biosynthesis in the extraplastidic compartments of plant cells. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a novel GPAT gene family from Arabidopsis, designated AtGPAT . The corresponding polypeptides possess transmembrane domains and GPAT activity when expressed heterologously in a yeast lipid mutant. The functional significance of one isoform, AtGPAT1, is the focus of the present study. Disruption of the AtGPAT1 gene causes a massive pollen development arrest, and subsequent introduction of the gene into the mutant plant rescues the phenotype, illustrating a pivotal role for AtGPAT1 in pollen development. Microscopic examinations revealed that the gene lesion results in a perturbed degeneration of the tapetum, which is associated with altered endoplasmic reticulum profiles and reduced secretion. In addition to the sporophytic effect, AtGPAT1 also exerts a gametophytic effect on pollen performance, as the competitive ability of a pollen grain to pollinate is dependent on the presence of an AtGPAT1 gene. Deficiency in AtGPAT1 correlates with several fatty acid composition changes in flower tissues and seeds. Unexpectedly, however, a loss of AtGPAT1 causes no significant change in seed oil content.