Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A relevance-theoretic perspective on humorous irony and its failure

Abstract This paper adopts the relevance-theoretic account of irony to describe the features of humorous irony and to elucidate the nuances of its failure. In connection to the humorous potential of irony, a number of properties it shares with some types of humor are discussed, such as exploiting incongruity, being targeted at a victim, being creative, carrying an element of surprise, involving metarepresentational abilities, and establishing a bond between the speaker and hearer. It is further observed that ironic utterances produced for the purpose of generating humor and increasing rapport between interlocutors may fail to achieve this aim to various degrees and due to a number of causes. Analyses of several examples indicate that the various causes of ironic misfires can be traced to failures of the inferential processes postulated by Relevance Theory as responsible for communicating irony: identifying a dissociative propositional attitude, representing the content of the proposition echoed, and attributing it to a source. Besides, it is claimed that humorous irony is used not only to communicate an attitude but also to have it accepted by the hearer, which is why the latter's rejection of the speaker-envisaged ironic attitude counts as another type of irony failure.
Evidence Base for the Use of Stimulant Medication in Preschool Children With ADHD

Increasingly, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is being recognized as a valid disorder in preschool-aged children. There are only limited data available, however, to provide useful guidelines for the pharmacological management of this impairing condition in this age range. This article (1) reviews the available studies on stimulant treatment in preschoolers with ADHD; (2) provides an overview of the recently completed National Institute of Mental Health–funded Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS); (3) highlights special considerations in conducting psychopharmacological research in this age range; and (4) provides clinical guidelines for managing the ADHD in preschoolers on the basis of available evidence.
Independent and Redundant Information in Nearby Cortical Neurons

In the primary visual cortex (V1), nearby neurons are tuned to similar stimulus features, and, depending on the manner and time scale over which neuronal signals are analyzed, the resulting redundancy may mitigate deleterious effects of response variability. We estimated information rates in the short–time scale responses of clusters of up to six simultaneously recorded nearby neurons in monkey V1. Responses were almost independent if we kept track of which neuron fired each spike but were redundant if we summed responses over the cluster. Redundancy was independent of cluster size. Summing neuronal responses to reduce variability discards potentially useful information, and the discarded information increases with cluster size.
A new method of determination of phases and symmetry in stand-to-sit-to-stand movement

ObjectivesDetermination of the phases in a stand-to-sit-to-stand task based on a derivative of the parameter with the lowest variance calculated based on the modified symmetry index.Material and MethodsThe study group comprised 11 healthy women and 11 healthy men from the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The examination of the kinematic and kinetic parameters of sitting down and standing up from a chair was carried out using the Vicon Mx system and Kistler force platforms.ResultsThe modified symmetry index was employed to select the parameters used to choose those with the lowest variance. Consequently, the phases in a stand-to-sit-to-stand task were determined.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that the task of sitting down is a reverse task with respect to standing up in terms of the symmetry of the parameters analyzed.
Playful Campaigning

While gamification is becoming an increasingly popular tool in HCI, it is often criticized for not being meaningful. In this work, we present a new approach: narrative-oriented gamification, applied in the context of environmental conservation. A biodata-driven game experience was developed to raise awareness during an environmental non-governmental organization (NGO) event at a music festival. The NGO representatives developed narratives, tailored to each potential outcome of the game, which encouraged participants to immediately reflect on the broader environmental issues and take action. In this paper we present the findings from this work suggesting that this form of gamification, predicated on narrtives and reflection, can be a powerful tool for creating engagement with, and raising public awareness of, environmental issues.
Perfectionism and Its Relationship to Racial Identity, Satisfaction with Life, Stress and Coping

Perfectionism and Its Relationship to Racial Identity, Satisfaction with Life, Stress and Coping. (August 2009) Angela M. Bowman Heads, B.S., University of Houston; M.A., Prairie View A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Linda G. Castillo The study of perfectionism has grown over the past few years with most of the interest focused on the relationship between perfectionism and psychological functioning. Although the literature on perfectionism has continued to increase, the study of the impact of cultural differences on perfectionism and psychological functioning has been understudied. This study examines the relationships between racial identity, perfectionism and satisfaction of life along with other factors that may mediate this relationship such as coping style and stress. A multicultural model of the stress process posited by Slavin, Rainer, et al. (1991) provides a basis for examining the importance of cultural influences on perfectionism. 122 African American women were recruited via university organization listservs and email lists and through direct contact with university professors to complete surveys on perfectionism, life satisfaction, stress and coping. Analysis of data indicated that individuals in the pre-encounter status of racial identity reported lower satisfaction with life. This finding is consistent with
United in the Name of Justice: How Conformity Processes in Social Media May Influence Online Vigilantism

In order to advance the understanding of conformity processes in online environments, this research examined how peer reactions to an ethically questionable call to vigilantism on Facebook influence the individual’s responses to this initiative. In an experiment, we varied peer reactions in form of textual comments and numeric displays (the number of people who have already “liked” or “shared” a message). While the valence of peer comments and numeric information had an interaction effect on the individual’s intention to support this call online, offline support intentions and attitudes toward the call were only affected under conditions of high identification with commenters. Dispositional altruism and empathy directly influenced individuals’ willingness to participate in this initiative of vigilantism—independently of other users’ reactions. Implications for theoretical models of conformity processes in online realms are discussed.
Chemical defense in the microplankton I: Feeding and growth rates of heterotrophic protists on the DMS‐producing phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi

In this study, the hypothesis that Emiliania huxleyi, a cosmopolitan, bloom‐forming coccolithophorid, produces chemical defenses against protist grazers was tested using four axenic strains of the alga. The putative chemical defense involves the cleavage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by the enzyme DMSP lyase to yield dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylate. Out of six tested protist grazer species, five (including ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates) showed lower feeding rates on E. huxleyi strains with high DMPS lyase activity than on low‐lyase strains. Reductions in population growth rate were consistent with feeding reductions. These results suggest that high levels of DMSP lyase activity somehow promote reduced palatability, although covariation of E. huxleyi protein and carbohydrate content with DMSP lyase activity meant that prey “nutritional quality” could not be ruled out as a contributing factor. Additional experiments with the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Amphidinium longum demonstrated that (1) individuals need not ingest E. huxleyi cells to receive the “don't eat me” cue and (2) exposure to high‐lyase E. huxleyi cells confers no harmful consequences in terms of the ability to feed and grow on alternate phytoplankton prey. Thus, factors promoting reduced grazing on high‐lyase E. huxleyi are hypothesized to constitute signals rather than acute toxins. Furthermore, although cell surface carbohydrates (as assayed by lectin binding) showed few differences among strains, results of feeding studies indicate that the deterrent signal resides on the cell surface or in the near‐cell dissolved phase. Behavior responses to such cues might play an important role in the outcome of encounters between protist grazers and their prey, with profound consequences for planktonic community structure.
Science in Culture

In this commentary, we explore the factors that contributed to festival goers’ choice to attend science-based events at a summer cultural festival. We evaluated the impact of such events on the audiences: their levels of engagement, reasons for participation, and their views on and reactions to the events. Presented with a variety of cultural events, attendances at science-based events were strong, with high levels of enjoyment and engagement with scientists and other speakers. Moreover, audiences saw science not as something distinct from “cultural” events but as just another option: Science was culture.
Establishing a Risk-Dosage Research Agenda: Implications for Policy and Practice

Numerous studies on the risk principle provide evidence that correctional practitioners should vary treatment by risk by providing more services to higher risk offenders than to lower risk offenders. Until recently, however, few studies have identified how much more treatment is required to impact recidivism for higher risk offenders compared to their lower risk counterparts. This article summarizes the empirical evidence on the risk-dosage relationship, identifies remaining gaps in the literature, and argues for a comprehensive research agenda that focuses on the most effective execution of risk-based dosage in corrections. Findings from current studies are also discussed in terms of policy and practical implications for the field.
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and depression: A comparison of stability and course

ABSTRACT Cognitive deficits are clinically relevant features in schizophrenia and depression, yet little comparative data on changes in both disorders is available. This study compares cognitive performance of inpatients with schizophrenia (N = 52) and unipolar major depression (N = 67) during psychiatric treatment, assessing performance twice: after admission to hospital (acute) and prior to discharge (postacute) on average seven weeks later. A group of healthy controls was tested at comparable intervals. Data was analyzed using a multivariate linear model. Patients with schizophrenia and depression showed significantly impaired performance compared to healthy controls. On follow-up both patient groups showed improved performance. Contrary to expectation, patients with schizophrenia showed greater improvement in verbal memory, visual memory, and psychomotor speed than depressive patients. Verbal fluency presented as a possible candidate to differentiate between both disorders. Similar profiles of generalized cognitive deficits were observed in both patient-groups on acute and postacute assessment, which might indicate trait-like deficits with persistent functional implications in both disorders. Findings do not support assumptions of greater cognitive impairment in schizophrenia compared to depression. A distinction of the disorders on the grounds of cognitive functioning seems to be less specific than presumed.
Pathogenesis of Nonocclusive Ischemic Colitis

The nonocclusive component of ischemic colitis in anesthetized pigs was mimicked using cardiogenic shock produced by pericardial tamponade. Increases in pericardial pressure produced decreases in arterial pressure (PA) and cardiac output (CO), with corresponding rises in total peripheral resistance (i.e., cardiogenic shock). This was associated with marked reductions in blood flow through the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), due primarily to disproportionate increases in IMA vascular resistance. Levels of plasma renin activity correlated closely with these changes in mesenteric hemodynamics. Confirmed, total alpha adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine failed to block this selective mesenteric vasoconstriction, while ablation of the renin-angio-tensin axis with captopril completely abolished it, thereby ameliorating the colonic ischemia. Central intravenous infusions of pathophysiologic levels of angiotensin II, without tamponade, mimicked the response to shock seen with tamponade alone. In an additional group of pigs, 4 hours of sustained shock (tamponade) followed by 2 hours of normotension (release of tamponade and resuscitation) produced lesions characteristic of ischemic colitis, including full-thickness mucosal ulceration. Such lesions were ameliorated significantly in pigs in which the renin-angiotensin system had been ablated by bilateral nephrectomy. Nonocclusive ischemic colitis appears to be mediated primarily by a remarkable sensitivity of the colonic vasculature to the renin-angiotensin axis.
Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based VITEK MS System for the Identification of Acinetobacter Species from Blood Cultures: Comparison with VITEK 2 and MicroScan Systems

Background Acinetobacter species are the leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI), but their correct identification is challenging. We evaluated the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based VITEK MS (bioMérieux, France), and two automated systems, VITEK 2 (bioMérieux) and MicroScan (Siemens, USA) for identification of Acinetobacter BSI isolates. Methods A total of 187 BSI isolates recovered at a university hospital in Korea between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed. The identification results obtained using VITEK MS and two automated systems were compared with those of rpoB sequencing. Results Of 187 isolates analyzed, 176 were identified to the species level by rpoB sequencing: the Acinetobacter baumannii group (ABG; 101 A. baumannii, 43 A. nosocomialis, 10 A. pittii isolates) was most commonly identified (82.4%), followed by Acinetobacter genomic species 13BJ/14TU (5.3%), A. ursingii (2.1%), A. soli (2.1%), A. bereziniae (1.1%), and A. junii (1.1%). Correct identification rates to the species group (ABG) level or the species level was comparable among the three systems (VITEK MS, 90.3%; VITEK 2, 89.2%; MicroScan, 86.9%). However, VITEK MS generated fewer misidentifications (0.6%) than VITEK 2 (10.8%) and MicroScan (13.1%) (P<0.001). In addition, VITEK MS demonstrated higher specificity (100%) for discrimination between ABG and non-ABG isolates than the other systems (both, 31.8%) (P<0.001). Conclusions The VITEK MS system is superior to the VITEK 2 and MicroScan systems for identification of Acinetobacter BSI isolates, with fewer misidentifications and better discrimination between the ABG and non-ABG isolates.
Self-concept and Family: A study on Greek secondary school students

The aim of the study is twofold. On the one hand it concerns the measurement and the examination of the subjects’ self-concept and on the other the detection and justification of the role of family in its configuration. The study analyzed the data collected from the answers to a research questionnaire of 1344 15-and 16-year-old school students in the Prefecture of Thessaloniki, Greece) with the use of a stratified random sampling technique. The first important finding concerned the high degree of the general self-concept of the adolescents. Among the seven specific sectors of the general self-concept a major variation was noted, with the higher average to be traced in the relationship that the students have configured with their peers and the lower one in the valuation of their academic competence. The second important finding was the ascertainment of the essential contribution of the family.
magyarlanc: A Tool for Morphological and Dependency Parsing of Hungarian

Hungarian is the stereotype of morphologically rich and free word order languages. Here, we introduce magyarlanc, a natural language toolkit developed for the linguistic preprocessing ‐ segmentation, morphological analysis, POS-tagging and dependency parsing ‐ of Hungarian texts. We hope that the free availability of the toolkit fosters the research not just on the Hungarian language but on all the morphologically rich languages in general. The main novelties of the tool are the application of a new harmonized morphological coding system of Hungarian, the datadriven approach and the integration of a dependency parser. The system is implemented in JAVA, hence it can be used in a platform-independent way.
State of the Art of Structural Control

t years, considerable attention has been paid to research elopment of structural control devices, with particular emon alleviation of wind and seismic response of buildings ges. In both areas, serious efforts have been undertaken in two decades to develop the structural control concept into ble technology. Full-scale implementation of active conems have been accomplished in several structures, mainly n; however, cost effectiveness and reliability considerave limited their wide spread acceptance. Because of their ical simplicity, low power requirements, and large, conforce capacity, semiactive systems provide an attractive ive to active and hybrid control systems for structural vireduction. In this paper we review the recent and rapid ments in semiactive structural control and its implemenfull-scale structures.
Clinical and economic impact of Apligraf® for the treatment of nonhealing venous leg ulcers

Background Controlled studies have shown that Apligraf® (Organogenesis Inc., Canton, USA) is more economical and more effective at healing venous leg ulcers (VLUs) than compression therapy alone. However, the clinical and economic impact of Apligraf on healing VLUs in clinical practice has not been fully examined.
Understanding Female Aggression in Situationally Violent Relationships: A Qualitative Study

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii CHAPTER I: Introduction 1 The Problem and it’s Setting 1 Rational for Study 5 Theoretical Framework 7 Purpose of the Study 9 CHAPTER II: Literature Review 11 Brief history of IPV 11 Gender symmetry and female aggression 14 Contextual factors in female aggression 17 Motivations behind female aggression 23 CHAPTER III: Methods 27 Participants and the Selection Process 27 Procedures 28 Instruments 29 Design and Analysis 30 CHAPTER IV: Results 33 Demographics 33 Couple 1 35 Couple 2 37
A comparison of feature descriptors for visual SLAM

Feature detection and feature description plays an important part in Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM). Visual features are commonly used to efficiently estimate the motion of the camera (visual odometry) and link the current image to previously visited parts of the environment (place recognition, loop closure). Gradient histogram-based feature descriptors, like SIFT and SURF, are frequently used for this task. Recently introduced binary descriptors, as BRIEF or BRISK, claim to offer similar capabilities at lower computational cost. In this paper, we will compare the most popular feature descriptors in a typical graph-based VSLAM algorithm using two publicly available datasets to determine the impact of the choice for feature descriptor in terms of accuracy and speed in a realistic scenario.
Australian, Greek and Italian parents: Differentials in the value and cost of children

Analysis of Australian responses to the open-ended and structured questions indicated some variations in the value and cost of children across socio-economic status groups. The professional groups, with greater access to economic resources, mentioned less often the Economic Costs, and highlighted more the Restrictions on Freedom. Employed in professional occupations, these parents were often in a position where not only children, but the parents also were competing for personal time. Most differences between husbands and wives could be ascribed readily to the effects of socially defined sex roles. This essential lack of difference between spouses indicates that in surveys limited by time and financial support, a smaller sample of one of the sex groups could be taken. Australian working women seemed less concerned about the Stimulation and Fun benefits of having children, as such gratification may have been provided in their jobs. The companionship of other women, and the enjoyment and activity of the working role, provide alternative means of possibly fulfilling needs, which in the past have been fulfilled through childrearing.
The Antioxidant Cocktail, Effective Microorganism X (EM-X), Protects Retinal Neurons in Rats Against N -methyl- d -aspartate Excitotoxicity In Vivo

Injection of the glutamate agonist N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) into the vitreous body of rats resulted in severe degeneration of neurons in the retina, with a loss of 81% of ganglion cells and 43% of non-ganglion cells. The cocktail EM-X is a novel antioxidant drink derived from ferment of unpolished rice, papaya and sea-weeds with effective microorganisms (EM-X). In animals treated with an intra-peritoneal injection of EM-X, the loss of ganglion cells was reduced to 55% and that of non-ganglion cells to 34% when compared to untreated NMDA-injected retinas. Cell degeneration resulting from NMDA excitotoxicity, is thought to be mediated via oxidative stress mechanisms. The neuroprotective effect of the EM-X in this system is therefore likely to be due, at least in part, to its flavonoids, saponins, vitamin E and ascorbic content.
ynamic topographic apping of the human ladder during voiding sing functional ear-infrared spectroscopy

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An Organismal Perspective on the Evolution of Insect Societies

Insect societies, i.e. the colonies of eusocial ants, bees, wasps and termites, have been likened to multicellular organisms for more than a century. This framework of “superorganisms” has to date largely been used as a mechanistic description of colony functioning, or as an example of an evolutionary transition in individuality. Here I take the superorganismal view a step further, and explore what can potentially be gained if we truly accept insect societies as organisms. I suggest ways to test evolutionary theories about organismal features originally derived for solitary organisms using traits of insect societies as analogies. I explore examples such as evolution of anisogamy, sex allocation and fertilization strategies and life histories, and point out promising directions for comparative work, and potential confounding factors in such analyses, derived from social insect studies.