Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes of Pregnancy in CKD and CKD Outcomes in Pregnancy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of published cohort studies and case-control studies to estimate (1) the risk of pregnancy complications among patients with CKD versus those without CKD and (2) the risk of CKD progression among pregnant patients versus nonpregnant controls with CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We searched electronic databases for studies published between 1946 and 2014, and we reviewed articles using validity criteria. Random-effects analytical methods were used. RESULTS Twenty-three studies (14 with data for adverse pregnancy outcomes and 9 for renal outcomes) with 506,340 pregnancies were included. Pregnancy with CKD had greater odds of preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR], 10.36; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 6.28 to 17.09), premature delivery (OR, 5.72; 95% CI, 3.26 to 10.03), small for gestational age/low birth weight (OR, 4.85; 95% CI, 3.03 to 7.76), cesarean section (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.01 to 3.54), and failure of pregnancy (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.13). Subgroup analysis showed that odds of preeclampsia (P<0.01) and premature delivery (P<0.01) were higher in women with nondiabetic nephropathy compared with diabetic nephropathy, and the odds of preeclampsia (P=0.01) and premature delivery (P<0.01) were higher in women with macroproteinuria compared with microproteinuria. The median for follow-up time for renal events was 5 years (interquartile range, 5-14.7 years). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of renal events between CKD pregnant women and those without pregnancy (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.35). Subgroup analysis showed that publication year, sample size, follow-up years, type of primary disease, CKD classification, level of serum creatinine at baseline, proteinuria, and level of systolic BP did not modify the renal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy are higher for women with CKD versus pregnant women without CKD. However, pregnancy was not a risk factor for progression of renal disease in women with CKD before pregnancy.
Haptic Seat Interfaces for Driver Information and Warning Systems

The implementation of haptic interfaces in vehicles has important safety and flexibility implications for lessening visual and auditory overload during driving. The present study aims to design and evaluate haptic interfaces with vehicle seats. Three experiments were conducted by testing a haptic seat in a simulator with a total of 20 participants. The first experiment measured reaction time, subjective satisfaction, and subject workloads of the haptic, visual, and auditory displays for the four signals primarily used by vehicle navigation systems. The second experiment measured reaction time, subjective satisfaction, and subjective workloads of the haptic, auditory, and multimodal (haptic + auditory) displays for the ringing signal used by in-vehicle Bluetooth hands-free systems. The third experiment measured drivers' subjective awareness, urgency, usefulness, and disturbance levels at various vibration intensities and positions for a haptic warning signal used by a driver drowsiness warning system. The results indicated that haptic seat interfaces performed better than visual and auditory interfaces, but the unfamiliarity of the haptic interface caused a lower subjective satisfaction for some criteria. Generally, participants showed high subjective satisfaction levels and low subjective workloads toward haptic seat interfaces. This study provided guidance for implementing haptic seat interfaces and identified the possible benefits of their use. It is expected that haptic seats implemented in vehicles will improve safety and the interaction between driver and vehicle.
Cell‐free synthesis and multifold screening of Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) variants after combinatorial mutagenesis of hot spots

We have developed a strategy for rapid and combinatorial optimization of the hot spot residues of enzymes. After combinatorial randomization of target locations in the Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) gene, the individual variant genes isolated in the E.coli cells were expressed in the cell‐free protein synthesis system to analyze different parameters of the resulting CalB variants. The enzymatic assays for the hydrolysis of para‐nitrophenyl‐ester (pNP‐ester) and triglyceride, synthesis of wax ester, and thermal stability of the variant enzymes were carried out simultaneously in 96‐well microtiter plates. From the 1,000 variant genes tested in each assay, we were able to identify a series of the variant enzymes having markedly improved hydrolytic, synthetic activity, or thermal stability. The improved traits of the cell‐free selected CalB variants were well reproduced when the corresponding genes were expressed in Pichia pastoris. Therefore, we expect that the proposed strategy of cell‐free expression screening can serve as a viable option for rapid and precise tuning of enzyme molecules, not only for analytical purposes but also for industrial applications through large scale production using microbial cells transformed with variant genes selected from the cell‐free expression screening. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2011
PROFESIONALISME PERAWAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF MASYARAKAT MADURA

Profesionalisme perawat dari perspektif perawat mungkin berbeda dengan perspektif pasien. Perawat akan mengacu pada standart praktik pelayanan professional untuk menunjukan sikap caring dan professional mereka, (Abi muhlisin, 2008) sedangkan pasien menilai perawat professional jika mereka puas dengan pelayanan yang didapat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana makna profesionalisme perawat dalam perspektif masyarakat Madura. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sebuah,Tehnik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling, pada orang dan keluarga yang pernah menjalani rawat inap dirumah sakit / Puskesmas di kabupaten sumenep, paling sedikit 7hari, dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden masyarakat Madura pernah menerima pelayanan yang kurang baik dari pelayanan kesehatan sehingga mempengauhi perspeksif mereka, Perawat profesional dalam perpesktif masyarakat Madura adalah perawat yang lembut penuh kasih sayang dalam merawat pasien, masyarakat Madura cenderung tidak memperhatikan tingkat pendidikan perawat atau keterampilan teknisnya dalam menilai profesionalisme perawat. Perawat Madura sebaiknya memasukkan nilai nilai budaya lokal dalam praktek pelayanan professional, misalnya peka terhadap budaya Madura dalam menjenguk orang sakit, memberikan pelayanan yang lembut penuh kasih sayang daripada sekedar keterampilan teknis perawat, Keywords: profesionalisme, perawat, persepektif, Madura
Technology and Organization Structure: A Re-examination of the Findings of the Aston Group

Investigators of organizational behavior disagree about the importance of technology in a theory of organizational structure. The Aston group asserts that its research shows technology to be much less important than other variables, such as size. Their findings are reanalyzed, using path analysis to investigate the implications of their conclusions. A plausible theory which treats technology as an independent variable is then developed. Finally, a fairly complex model of organizational structure is reconstructed from the Aston group's data. Both these efforts reaffirm the value of treating technology as an independent variable and of using theory-oriented path analysis.
Mu and kappa opioid receptors in periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla

THE periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventrome-dial medulla (RVM) are important brain stem pain modulating regions. Recent evidence suggests that κ opioids antagonize the effects of μ opioids in the RVM. However, the anatomical relationship between μ and κ opioid receptors in PAG and RVM is not well characterized. This study examined relationships between μ and κ opioid receptor immunoreactivity (IR) and mRNA in PAG and RVM. Brain slices were processed for either immunocytochemistry or in situ hybridization. We found considerable anatomical overlap of μ and κ opioid IR and mRNA in the RVM and PAG. These results provide an anatomical basis for recent behavioral and electrophysiological findings in RVM, and suggest modulatory interactions between μ and κ opioids in PAG.
Reactivation of Spares for Off-Chip Memory Repair After Die Stacking in a 3-D IC With TSVs

Memory, especially DRAM, is one of the candidates to be considered in three-dimensional integrated circuit (3-D IC), and in particular, to be heterogeneously stacked with a system on chip (SOC) for mobile applications. Even though the memory is tested and repaired beforehand, the known good die (KGD) can become bad during the integration process. Traditional schemes may not be able to redo the repair and obtain a known good stack (KGS), let alone unused spares be reused. We propose an off-chip repair scheme to deal with the inaccessibility from outside of the memory die. Using a through silicon via (TSV) to access the redundancy control circuit (RCC), we reactivate the unused spares by overwriting their states as if the corresponding fuses are blown. Even when the row or column, which has already been repaired, is damaged again, we are able to replace it with a new spare. Our simulation using a 65 nm process technology shows that the maximum timing penalty of the off-chip repair is only 93ps, compared to the on-chip method. The area overhead is estimated to be 490 μm2 per fuse set by using a 5 μm diameter TSV process. Most importantly, the yield improvement of a two-die stacked memory can be over 50% with yield excursion reduced to 8%.
Predictors of Serum Total IgE in a Random Sample of 7–17 Year Old Children

Background. There is little knowledge of the causes for raised serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in children. We investigated the association between perinatal, socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and early life factors, and total serum IgE. Methods. In a random sample of 7–17 year old children, data on possible risk factors were collected using a questionnaire and total serum IgE was measured in venous blood. Airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine was measured and skin prick tests were performed using common aeroallergens. Data was analysed using linear regression. Results. Positive skin prick test (P < .001), airway hyperresponsiveness (P = .003), atopic dermatitis (P = .046), and parental predisposition to allergy (P = .047) showed a significant relation to serum total IgE levels. There was no association of smoking to serum total IgE. Conclusions. This study showed a strong positive relationship between markers of the atopic syndrome and serum total IgE levels in children. In contrast to some earlier studies, we did not find a significant relation between smoking status and IgE.
Evaluation of three commercial agglutination tests for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus

Three commercially available rapid slide agglutination tests for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated with 354 recent clinical isolates (165 strains of S. aureus). The test results of two latex agglutination products, SeroSTAT Staph (Scott Laboratories, Inc.) and Staphylatex (American Micro Scan), and one hemagglutination product, Staphyloslide (BBL Microbiology Systems), were compared with the results of the tube coagulase test, which was read at 4 h (4-h tube coagulase test) and, if negative, again after overnight incubation at room temperature (24-h tube coagulase test). Discrepancies between agglutination and tube coagulase identifications were resolved by use of the thermonuclease, mannitol fermentation, and slide coagulase tests. All sensitivities, specificities, predictive values of a positive result, and predictive values of a negative result for the three agglutination tests were at least 98.8% and comparable with the 4-h tube coagulase test. Best results were obtained with the 24-h tube coagulase test, which yielded one false-negative and no false-positive tests. Agglutination identifications may be performed on organisms taken directly from a primary plate when sufficient growth is present. Kit agglutination procedures yield rapid and reliable identifications and are easy to perform. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of the 24-h tube coagulase test.
THE ROBUSTNESS OF CRITICAL PERIOD EFFECTS IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

This study was designed to test the Fundamental Difference Hypothesis (Bley-Vroman, 1988), which states that, whereas children are known to learn language almost completely through (implicit) domain-specific mechanisms, adults have largely lost the ability to learn a language without reflecting on its structure and have to use alternative mechanisms, drawing especially on their problem-solving capacities, to learn a second language. The hypothesis implies that only adults with a high level of verbal analytical ability will reach near-native competence in their second language, but that this ability will not be a significant predictor of success for childhood second language acquisition. A study with 57 adult Hungarian-speaking immigrants confirmed the hypothesis in the sense that very few adult immigrants scored within the range of child arrivals on a grammaticality judgment test, and that the few who did had high levels of verbal analytical ability; this ability was not a significant predictor for childhood arrivals. This study replicates the findings of Johnson and Newport (1989) and provides an explanation for the apparent exceptions in their study. These findings lead to a reconceptualization of the Critical Period Hypothesis: If the scope of this hypothesis is limited to implicit learning mechanisms, then it appears that there may be no exceptions to the age effects that the hypothesis seeks to explain.
The prevalence of vascular calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional observational study

Background: This multicenter international cross-sectional observational study characterized vascular and valvular calcification burden and correlations with pulse pressure, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in prevalent hemodialysis patients. Methods: We enrolled 275 consecutive adults with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis for ⩾3 months. Coprimary endpoints were prevalences of: (1) echocardiographic calcification in mitral valve, aortic valve or mitral annulus; (2) aortoiliac tree vascular calcifications by plain lateral lumbar X-ray. Correlations among calcification sites and with demographics and comorbidities were determined. Pulse pressures were determined. Results: Subjects’ mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 56 ± 15.9 years; mean (SD) dialysis duration was 4.5 ± 4.3 years. Overall, 100% of echocardiographically imaged patients (n = 243) had calcification in aortic valve, mitral valve, or mitral annulus; 77.8% of X-rayed patients (n = 248) had abdominal aortic calcification. Radiographic abdominal aortic calcification score correlated significantly with calcification of aortic valve (p < 0.0001) and mitral annulus (p = 0.0001) but not mitral valve. Aortic valve, mitral valve, and mitral annulus calcification correlated significantly among themselves (p < 0.0001). Moderate/severe aortic valve calcification was significantly more prevalent in patients aged ⩾65 years than <65 years, men than women, and Whites than African Americans. Pulse pressure correlated significantly with vascular calcification score (p = 0.0049) but not with valvular calcification at any site. Conclusions: Vascular and valvular calcification are highly prevalent in the hemodialysis population. Peripheral vascular calcification correlates significantly with elevated pulse pressure and can be assessed easily using lateral lumbar X-ray. Further studies investigating the interaction between pulse pressure and development or progression of vascular calcification are of interest.
One-Step, Multiplex, Real-Time PCR Assay with Molecular Beacon Probes for Simultaneous Detection, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1, 2, and 3

ABSTRACT A single-tube, multiplex, real-time PCR assay with molecular beacons was established in which various probes were used for the simultaneous detection, differentiation, and quantification of human T-cell leukemia virus types 1, 2, and 3 (HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and HTLV-3, respectively) and of simian T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 3 (STLV-1 and STLV-3, respectively). The quantitative amplification of the standards with MT4 (HTLV-1) and C19 (HTLV-2) cell lines and a molecular clone of HTLV-3 was linear, with the simplex and multiplex methods having similar efficiencies. A maximum difference of 0.9 (mean, 0.4; range, 0.0 to 0.9) was found between threshold cycle values in single and multiplex reactions. The efficiency with each probe in the multiplex reaction was close to 100%, indicating strong linear amplification. The albumin gene was used to standardize the copy number. Comparable results for the detection and quantification of HTLV-1 were obtained with our new methods and with other real-time PCR methods described previously. With our new multiplex assay, however, we were able to detect and quantify HTLV-2 and -3 and STLV-1 and -3 in clinical specimens, with an excellent dynamic range of 106 to 100 copies per assay, which the other assays could not do. Thus, it will be possible to determine a wide range of HTLV types in both standard and clinical samples, with a detection of 1 to 10 HTLV copies in samples containing at least 100 cells. Furthermore, our system can provide evidence for multiple infections with the three HTLV types, with separate proviral load results. Our new method also could be used for epidemiological studies in Africa and in countries where HTLVs and STLVs are endemic.
Ethanol Inhibition of Reticulocyte Protein Synthesis: The Role of Haem

Summary. Ethanol, in concentrations of 0.05–0.8 M, inhibited intact human and rabbit reticulocyte protein synthesis in the presence of iron‐transferrin for endogenous haem synthesis. Associated with this effect there was a conversion of polyribosomes to monoribosomes and a decreased incorporation of radioactive leucine into nascent globin chains. When physiological levels of ethanol (0.05–0.1 M) were used, these effects were prevented by incubation with 50 μM haemin and reversed by removing the alcohol and reincubating with iron‐transferrin or haemin. The polyribosomal disaggregation was also prevented by stopping ribosomal movement with 5 mM cycloheximide. Neither ATP nor GSH levels were altered in the presence of ethanol. When non‐physiological levels of 0.8 M ethanol were used, haemin did not prevent the inhibition of protein synthesis. Likewise, in the rabbit reticulocyte cell‐free lysate system containing haemin inhibition was noted at concentrations greater than 0.05 M ethanol. The polyribosomal disaggregation in reticulocytes incubated with 0.8 M ethanol was associated with decreased dissociation of monoribosomes into subunits. Similarly, when ribosomes were directly suspended cell‐free in 0.1 or 0.8 M ethanol there was a decreased percentage of subunits.
Impairment of functioning and substance use in a Latino population

ABSTRACT This study investigated the association of academic outcomes, romantic relationships, and substance use (tobacco, marijuana, cocaine) with alcohol dependence in a sample of Latino (N = 1,143) college students. Secondary data analysis was conducted on measures of grade point average in college, relationship satisfaction, drug use, and alcohol dependence. Latino college students who reported alcohol dependency had significant relational dissatisfaction and poor academic outcomes. Thus, lower grade point average and relationship dissatisfaction were associated with alcohol dependence. By focusing specifically on a Mexican American population, this study adds important information to current research regarding the commonality and differences across cultural groups regarding drug use and dependence and further clarifies the risk factors associated with substance use and dependency in a population that is vulnerable for at-risk behaviors. This study also offers insight into potential targets of treatment and intervention for this cultural group.
A novel text mining approach based on TF-IDF and Support Vector Machine for news classification

With the development of weblogs and social networks, many news providers share their news headlines on different websites and weblogs. One of the main text mining topics is how to classify news into different groups. This study aims to classify news into various groups so that users can identify the most popular news group in the desired country at any given time. Based on Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), a news classification method was proposed. The proposed approach is comprised of three different steps: 1) text preprocessing, 2) feature extraction based on TF-IDF, and 3) classification based on SVM. The proposed approach was evaluated using two BBC datasets and five groups of 20Newsgroup datasets. The classification precisions were obtained as 97.84% and 94.93% for BBC and 20Newsgroup datasets respectively. These are very desirable results in comparison with other classification methods.
Evaluation of breeding objectives for purebred and crossbred selection schemes for adoption in indigenous chicken breeding programmes

1. The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic and economic breeding objectives for an indigenous chicken (IC) breeding programme in Kenya. 2. A closed three-tier nucleus breeding programme with three breeding objectives and two selection schemes was simulated. The breeding objectives included IC dual-purpose (ICD) for both eggs and meat, IC layer (ICL) for eggs and IC broiler (ICB) for meat production. 3. Pure line selection scheme (PLS) for development of IC pure breeds and crossbreeding scheme (CBS) for the production of hybrids were considered. Two-and three-way crossbreeding strategies were evaluated under CBS and the impact of nucleus size on genetic gains and profitability of the breeding programme were investigated. 4. Males were the main contributors to genetic gains. The highest genetic gains for egg number (2·71 eggs) and growth traits (1·74 g average daily gain and 57·96 g live weight at 16 weeks) were realised under PLS in ICL and ICB, respectively. 5. The genetic response for age at first egg was desirable in all the breeding objectives, while that for fertility and hatchability were only favourable under ICL and PLS in ICD. Faecal egg count and immune antibody response had low, but positive gains except under PLS where the later was unfavourable. ICB was the most profitable breeding objective, followed by ICD and ICL under all the selection schemes. 6. Although PLS was superior in genetic gains and profitability and recommended in breeding programmes targeting ICL and ICB, a three line CBS should be considered in development of a dual-purpose breed. 7. Increasing the nucleus size beyond 5% of the IC population was not attractive as it resulted in declining profitability of the breeding programme.