Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trolling in asynchronous computer-mediated communication: From user discussions to academic definitions

Abstract Whilst computer-mediated communication (CMC) can benefit users by providing quick and easy communication between those separated by time and space, it can also provide varying degrees of anonymity that may encourage a sense of impunity and freedom from being held accountable for inappropriate online behaviour. As such, CMC is a fertile ground for studying impoliteness, whether it occurs in response to perceived threat (flaming), or as an end in its own right (trolling). Currently, first and second-order definitions of terms such as im/politeness (Brown and Levinson, Politeness: Some universals in language use, Cambridge University Press, 1987; Bousfield, Impoliteness in interaction, John Benjamins, 2008; Culpeper, Reflections on impoliteness, relational work and power, Mouton de Gruyter, 2008; Terkourafi, Towards a unified theory of politeness, impoliteness, and rudeness, Mouton de Gruyter, 2008), in-civility (Lakoff, Civility and its discontents: Or, getting in your face, John Benjamins, 2005), rudeness (Beebe, Polite fictions: Instrumental rudeness as pragmatic competence, Georgetown University Press, 1995, Kienpointner, Functions of Language 4: 251–287, 1997, Kienpointner, Journal of Politeness Research 4: 243–265, 2008), and etiquette (Coulmas, Linguistic etiquette in Japanese society, Mouton de Gruyter, 1992), are subject to much discussion and debate, yet the CMC phenomenon of trolling is not adequately captured by any of these terms. Following Bousfield (in press), Culpeper (Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence, Cambridge University Press, 2010) and others, this paper suggests that a definition of trolling should be informed first and foremost by user discussions. Taking examples from a 172-million-word, asynchronous CMC corpus, four interrelated conditions of aggression, deception, disruption, and success are discussed. Finally, a working definition of trolling is presented.
Elevating the role of race in ethnographic research: navigating race relations in the field

Little work in the social sciences or in the field of education has fully explored the methodological issues related to the study of race and racism, yet qualitative researchers acknowledge that race plays (and should play) a role in the research process. Indeed, race frames and informs the context, practices and perspectives of everyday lived experiences in society and schools – even in those instances when race is not expressly recognised. In the case of ethnographic research, race emerges as a pivotal factor that is often undertheorised and sometimes unacknowledged. Though ethnographic research seeks to illuminate ‘culture’, and often does so in the context of research inquiries that are both racialised and that occur with researchers and participants who come from different racial backgrounds, this work often fails to place race at the centre. Drawing from data collected in a multi-sited ethnographic study on risk and academic achievement and using key insights from narrative inquiry and critical race theory in education, this paper examines how the construct of race informed and illuminated the research process for a Black female researcher whose participants were White. Findings highlight four areas of the research process implicated by race and the different racial positionalities' of the researcher and participants directly and indirectly connected to the study. These areas include: (1) identifying a relevant research question; (2) locating a research site; (3) making sense of the research context; and (4) navigating context, generating data, and managing relationships in the research site. These findings suggest helping novice qualitative researchers attend to issues of race, particularly when undertaking cross-racial ethnographic research.
A Computational Analysis Model for Complex Open-ended Analogical Retrieval

Although many computational models have successfully simulated the results of controlled psychological experiments, few researchers have attempted to apply their models to complex, realistic phenomena. In this study, MAC/FAC (“many are called, but few are chosen”), which models two stages of analogical reasoning (Forbus, Gentner, & Law, 1995), was applied to our experimental data. In our experiment, subjects were presented a cue story and asked to retrieve cases learned from everyday life. Next they rated the inferential soundness (goodness as an analogy) of each retrieved case. For each retrieved case, we used the algorithms of the MAC/FAC to compute two kinds of similarity scores: content vectors and structural evaluation scores. As a result, the computed content vectors explained the overall retrieval of cases well, whereas the structural evaluation scores had a strong relation to the rated scores. These results support the MAC/FAC’s theoretical assumption – different similarities are involved in the two stages of analogical reasoning.
Effect of Temperature upon Potassium-Stimulated Insulin Release and Calcium Entry in Mouse and Rat Islets

The effect of cooling to 27 degrees C was studied in islets of Langerhans exposed to 5 and 50 mM potassium in the absence of glucose. Membrane potential and insulin release were measured simultaneously from microdissected mouse islets while 45Ca outflow and insulin release were measured from collagenase-isolated rat islets. Cooling inhibited potassium-induced insulin release in both preparations. However, calcium entry estimated from electrical records and from 45Ca outflow experiments was only slightly affected by decreasing the temperature to 27 degrees C. It is concluded that the inhibition of insulin release caused by cooling to 27 degrees C can, within limits, be dissociated from calcium influx.
Ion channels as electrostatic amplifiers of charge fluctuations

Electrostatic interactions between ions in an ionic channel and the charge fluctuations in the channel mouth are considered. It is shown that the charge fluctuations can be enhanced in channels of low dielectric constant, resulting in strong modulation of the potential barrier at the selectivity site. It is conjectured that similar effects can alter transition probabilities in other molecular dynamical systems.
Targeting RNA transcription and translation in ovarian cancer cells with pharmacological inhibitor CDKI-73

Dysregulation of cellular transcription and translation is a fundamental hallmark of cancer. As CDK9 and Mnks play pivotal roles in the regulation of RNA transcription and protein synthesis, respectively, they are important targets for drug development. We herein report the cellular mechanism of a novel CDK9 inhibitor CDKI-73 in an ovarian cancer cell line (A2780). We also used shRNA-mediated CDK9 knockdown to investigate the importance of CDK9 in the maintenance of A2780 cells. This study revealed that CDKI-73 rapidly inhibited cellular CDK9 kinase activity and down-regulated the RNAPII phosphorylation. This subsequently caused a decrease in the eIF4E phosphorylation by blocking Mnk1 kinase activity. Consistently, CDK9 shRNA was also found to down-regulate the Mnk1 expression. Both CDKI-73 and CDK9 shRNA decreased anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 and induced apoptosis. The study confirmed that CDK9 is required for cell survival and that ovarian cancer may be susceptible to CDK9 inhibition strategy. The data also implied a role of CDK9 in eIF4E-mediated translational control, suggesting that CDK9 may have important implication in the Mnk-eIF4E axis, the key determinants of PI3K/Akt/mTOR- and Ras/Raf/MAPK-mediated tumorigenic activity. As such, CDK9 inhibitor drug candidate CDKI-73 should have a major impact on these pathways in human cancers.
Negotiating the Transnational Workplace: Indian Computer Professionals in Australia

Academics and journalists have responded in various ways to the recent influx of Indian computer professionals into Australia. Though references to their inflow on temporary visas are frequent, there is as yet no attempt to examine in detail their experiences in the workplace. This paper considers the workplace experiences of Indian computer professionals in Melbourne in the context of the discussion on transnational social spaces. It deals with a specific case study involving employees from an Indian subsidiary of an Australian financial institution who work here on temporary visas. The paper looks at three areas of their professional lives: communication, relations with co-workers and satisfaction in the workplace. It reveals that their presence in the transnational workplace is marked by contested identity, concerns about security of employment and different understandings of what constitutes effective communication. The paper demonstrates that the emergence of transnational social spaces has complex and contradictory outcomes.
Language Learning Motivation: A Descriptive and Causal Analysis

grative" and "instrumental" motivation in the learning of a non-native language. ' Integrative motivation was characterized by a desire "to learn more about the [second] language group," "to meet more and different people" (emphasis original), and to affiliate with and be accepted by the L2 group.2 On the other hand, instrumental motivation reflected a "more utilitarian value" placed on language study (such as anticipated usefulness in one's career). 3 Although the integrative/instrumental conceptualization has been valuable in providing a stimulus and channel for the investigation of the nature and impact of motivation in second language learning, there are several problems with this approach. First, it is not always easy to distinguish between integrative and instrumental motivation. In fact, it is possible that a particular reason for language study can be either integrative or instrumental, depending on the social and psychological factors involved.4 The difficulty of teasing apart integrativity and instrumentality in certain situations is illustrated by research on the learning of Spanish by Hispanic students at a Southwestern US university, as well as by a study of the learning of Hebrew among junior high school students in Toronto.5 In both cases, the investigators speculated that integrative motivation (a desire to affiliate with the L2 community) underlay apparent instrumentality (an interest in future occupational uses of the language). A second problem, one addressed by the present study, is whether the integrative/instrumental conceptualization captures the full spectrum of student motivation. It may be that, for a given population of second language students, there are reasons for language learning that are unrelated to either of the two motivational orientations. There has been little research con-
Quantitative Analysis of Telomerase in Feline Mammary Tissues

The purpose of this study was to validate immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an alternative to telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) analysis to detect telomerase activity. TRAP–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactivity was compared with telomerase reverse transcription (TERT) IHC staining in 22 feline mammary tissues (6 normal mammary glands, 2 dysplastic mammary glands, 1 fibroadenoma, and 13 malignant neoplasms [6 solid mammary carcinomas, 2 squamous-cell carcinomas, 4 tubulopapillary mammary carcinomas, and 1 mammary carcinosarcoma]). TERT IHC staining revealed enzymatic expression in nuclear, nucleolar, cytoplasmic, and combined nuclear and nucleolar staining patterns that were separately quantified by image analysis and expressed as the absolute number (average) of positive cells or percentage of positive cells with respect to overall cellularity. With TERT IHC staining, the absolute number and percentage of cells with positive nuclei and nucleoli within the same cell were the variables with the greatest discrimination between benign and malignant mammary lesions (analysis of variance [ANOVA], average P < 0.0001; percentage P < 0.001). For TRAP-ELISA–positive versus TRAP-ELISA–negative tissues, a positive test result provided greater differentiation between malignant versus benign mammary lesions (ANOVA, average P = 0.00038; percentage P = 0.0022). The same IHC pattern of expression showed a proportional and significant (average P = 0.004; percentage P = 0.002) but low (average R = 0.60; percentage R = 0.63) correlation with TRAP-ELISA by the Pearson test. The correlation coefficients obtained show that IHC and TRAP cannot be considered interchangeable because the 2 methods are more complementary than exclusive.
Queer as Intersectionality: Theorizing Gay Muslim Identities

I begin by identifying characterizations of Muslim identities as antithetical to a wide range of western values, including democracy, secularization, gender equality and sexual diversity. I argue that issues of gender and sexuality represent a problematic around modernity and its values but one that is more complex than the putative clash of civilizations discourse. I suggest that gay Muslims represent an intersectional location that productively illuminates this problematic, because their existence challenges the positioning of western and eastern cultures as mutually exclusive and oppositional. I then theorize this intersectionality using queer theory, arguing that there is an affinity between the queer emphasis on deferred ontology and intersectional emphasis on standpoint, suggesting an understanding of intersectionality as productively queer, and queer as necessarily intersectional. In conclusion I sketch out the implications of such theorizing for research on gay Muslim identities.
Spontaneous Rupture of a Silicone Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Presenting Outflow Failure and Peritonitis

1. Gokal r. CAPD overview. Perit Dial Int 1996; 16(Suppl 1): S13–18. 2. Chen WM, Cheng Cl. A simple method to prevent peritoneal dialysis catheter tip migration. Perit Dial Int 2007; 27:554–6. 3. Gokal r, Alexander S, Ash S, Chen TW, Danielson A, holmes C, et al. Peritoneal catheters and exit-site practices toward optimum peritoneal access. Perit Dial Int 1998; 18: 11–13. 4. eklund Bh. Surgical implantation of CAPD catheters: presentation of midline incision-lateral placement method and review of 110 procedures. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995; 10:386–90. 5. Bay Wh, Cerilli GJ, Perrine V, Powell S, erlich l. Analysis of a new technique to stabilize the chronic peritoneal dialysis catheter. am J Kidney Dis 1983; 2:133–5. 6. Diaz-Buxo JA. Mechanical complications of chronic peritoneal dialysis catheters. Semin Dial 1991; 4:106–11. 7. Santarelli S, Zeiler M, Marinelli r, Monteburini T, Federico A, Ceraudo e. Videolaparoscopy as rescue therapy and placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters: a thirty-two case single centre experience. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:1348–54. 8. ogünç G. Malfunctioning peritoneal dialysis catheter and accompanying surgical pathology repaired by laparoscopic surgery. Perit Dial Int 2002; 22:454–62. doi:10.3747/pdi.2010. 00017
A Socio-Cognitive Model of Video Game Usage

This study proposed and tested a theoretical model of video game consumption that integrated Bandura's (1991) social cognitive theory of self-regulation and Csikszentmihalyi's (1975) theory of flow experience. By investigating the linkage between flow experience and self-regulation in decision-making processes in media usage, this study sought to explicate socio-cognitive mechanisms of video game consumption behavior. Significant impacts of flow experience on self-reactive outcome expectations, deficient self-regulation, and habit strength in video game play were found among 388 college undergraduate students. However, no direct impact of flow experience on playing video games was evident.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Structure, Diffusivity, and Copper Immobilization in a Phototrophic Biofilm

ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to spatially resolve the structure, water diffusion, and copper transport of a phototrophic biofilm and its fate. MRI was able to resolve considerable structural heterogeneity, ranging from classical laminations ∼500 μm thick to structures with no apparent ordering. Pulsed-field gradient (PFG) analysis spatially resolved water diffusion coefficients which exhibited relatively little or no attenuation (diffusion coefficients ranged from 1.7 × 10−9 m2 s−1 to 2.2 × 10−9 m2 s−1). The biofilm was then reacted with a 10-mg liter−1 Cu2+ solution, and transverse-parameter maps were used to spatially and temporally map copper immobilization within the biofilm. Significantly, a calibration protocol similar to that used in biomedical research successfully quantified copper concentrations throughout the biofilm. Variations in Cu concentrations were controlled by the biofilm structure. Copper immobilization was most rapid (∼5 mg Cu liter−1 h−1) over the first 20 to 30 h and then much slower for the remaining 60 h of the experiment. The transport of metal within the biofilm is controlled by both diffusion and immobilization. This was explored using a Bartlett and Gardner model which examined both diffusion and adsorption through a hypothetical film exhibiting properties similar to those of the phototrophic biofilm. Higher adsorption constants (K) resulted in longer lag times until the onset of immobilization at depth but higher actual adsorption rates. MRI and reaction transport models are versatile tools which can significantly improve our understanding of heavy metal immobilization in naturally occurring biofilms.
Evaluation of the ORCHIDEE ecosystem model over Africa against 25 years of satellite‐based water and carbon measurements

Few studies have evaluated land surface models for African ecosystems. Here we evaluate the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) process‐based model for the interannual variability (IAV) of the fraction of absorbed active radiation, the gross primary productivity (GPP), soil moisture, and evapotranspiration (ET). Two ORCHIDEE versions are tested, which differ by their soil hydrology parameterization, one with a two‐layer simple bucket and the other a more complex 11‐layer soil‐water diffusion. In addition, we evaluate the sensitivity of climate forcing data, atmospheric CO2, and soil depth. Beside a very generic vegetation parameterization, ORCHIDEE simulates rather well the IAV of GPP and ET (0.5 < r < 0.9 interannual correlation) over Africa except in forestlands. The ORCHIDEE 11‐layer version outperforms the two‐layer version for simulating IAV of soil moisture, whereas both versions have similar performance of GPP and ET. Effects of CO2 trends, and of variable soil depth on the IAV of GPP, ET, and soil moisture are small, although these drivers influence the trends of these variables. The meteorological forcing data appear to be quite important for faithfully reproducing the IAV of simulated variables, suggesting that in regions with sparse weather station data, the model uncertainty is strongly related to uncertain meteorological forcing. Simulated variables are positively and strongly correlated with precipitation but negatively and weakly correlated with temperature and solar radiation. Model‐derived and observation‐based sensitivities are in agreement for the driving role of precipitation. However, the modeled GPP is too sensitive to precipitation, suggesting that processes such as increased water use efficiency during drought need to be incorporated in ORCHIDEE.
Crushed cartilage grafts for concealing irregularities in rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical outcome of crushed cartilage grafts used to conceal contour irregularities in rhinoplasty. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 462 patients in whom crushed autogenous cartilage grafts were used, selected from a total of 669 patients in whom rhinoplasty procedures were performed at our institution between June 1, 1999, and June 1, 2006. The grafts were used as slightly, moderately, significantly, or severely crushed. RESULTS Eight hundred nine cartilage grafts (41 slightly crushed grafts [5%], 650 moderately crushed grafts [80%], and 118 significantly crushed grafts [15%]) were used in 462 patients. Resorption occurred in 11 of the 462 patients (2.4%). All of the resorbed grafts (6 moderately crushed grafts and 5 significantly crushed grafts) had been placed in the dorsal area. The resorption rate of those grafts was lower in the moderately crushed cartilage grafts (6 of 284 grafts [2.1%]) than in the significantly crushed grafts (5 of 38 grafts [13.1%]). There was no resorption of slightly crushed grafts. CONCLUSIONS The degree of crushing applied is important for long-term clinical outcome of autogenous crushed cartilage grafts. Slight or moderate crushing of cartilage creates an outstanding graft material for concealing irregularities and provides both excellent long-term clinical outcome and predictable esthetic results.
Predicting donation among an Irish sample of donors and nondonors: extending the theory of planned behavior

BACKGROUND: Research has indicated the ability of the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict blood donation. This study tested an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control with the addition of past behavior, moral norm, self‐identity, and anticipated regret) in predicting donation intention and behavior among donors and nondonors and if forming implementation intentions improved attendance at a mobile blood donation clinic.
Desiring and Avoiding Close Romantic Attachment in Response to Mortality Salience

The purpose of this study was to examine individual differences in the effects of mortality salience on romantic attachment style. Participants were categorized as high or low in both agency and communion. After exposure to either a mortality salience or a control videotape, participants rated the idealness of Hazan and Shaver's (1987) three romantic attachment styles and rated the appeal of romantic involvement. Participants who were high in agency responded to mortality salience with increased endorsement of avoidant attachment, decreased endorsement of secure and anxious-ambivalent attachment, and diminished desire for involvement in a romantic relationship. Participants who were low in communion responded to morality salience with increased endorsement of anxious-ambivalent attachment. The results are discussed in light of research on defense mechanisms, Becker's (1973) theories about the role of romance in symbolic transcendence of death, and terror management theory (Solomon, Greenberg,&Pyszczynski, 1991).