Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What are you doing on Tinder? Impression management on a matchmaking mobile app

ABSTRACT Mobile dating applications such as Tinder have exploded in popularity in recent years. On Tinder, impression management begins with a motivation to download the app, the choice of one’s profile photos and an assessment of the expectations of potential Tinder matches. These processes occur in a technologically mediated environment of reduced cues and increased control, local proximity and a reduced filtering process. My focus in this paper is this first stage of impression management, which consists of both impression motivation and impression construction. Specifically, what are the pre-match impression management practices of Tinder users? I present the results of interviews with Tinder users in the Netherlands. Participants were recruited via a Tinder profile that advertised the study using the University emblem and a brief description. Interview questions focused on user understandings of self-presentation practices and profile construction. The interviews also examined how users evaluated their potential matches. Results show users’ motivations for using Tinder range from entertainment to ego-boost to relationship seeking, and these motivations sometimes change over time. Profile photos are selected in an attempt to present an ideal yet authentic self, and chosen as an illustration of not only one’s desirability but also of other indicators such as education level. Tinder users ‘swipe’ not only in search of people they like, but also for clues as to how to present themselves in order to attract others like them. This research offers insight into user experiences and perceptions within the still under-researched area of inquiry.
Isolation and Characterization of Gramineae and Fabaceae Soda Lignins

Some agricultural residues such as wheat or barley straw, as well as certain fast-growing plants like Leucaena leucocephala and Chamaecytisus proliferus, could be used as raw materials for the paper industry as an alternative to traditional plants (eucalyptus, pine, etc.). In the present study, four types of lignin obtained from the spent liquors produced by the pulping processes using the abovementioned feedstocks were isolated and characterized. Lignin samples were acquired through an acid precipitation from these spent liquors. The characterization of the precipitated lignin samples were performed using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and both liquid- and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to analyse the chemical structure, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for determining the thermal properties. Additionally, chemical composition of lignin fractions was also measured. Even though they were of different botanical origin, all the studied samples except for wheat straw lignin had a similar chemical composition and thermal behaviour, and identical chemical structure. Wheat straw lignin showed a greater amount of Klason lignin and lower carbohydrate content. Furthermore, this lignin sample showed a higher thermal stability and significantly different cross-peak patterns in the 2D-NMR experiments. The molecular structures corresponding to p-coumarate (PCA), ferulate (FA) and cinnamyl aldehyde end-groups (J) were only detected in wheat isolated lignin.
The association between adolescent entry into the trucking industry and risk of HIV among long-distance truck drivers in India

This study examines the relationship between entry into the trucking industry during adolescence and both sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among long-distance truck drivers in India. Data were sourced from a cross-sectional survey (sample size: 2066) undertaken in 2007 among long-distance truck drivers. The survey spread across major transshipment locations covering the bulk of India’s transport volume along four routes. Participants were interviewed about sexual behaviors and were tested for HIV and STIs. The present authors constructed two synthetic cohorts based on the participants’ duration of employment in the trucking industry: (1) low (duration ≤ 6 years) and (2) high experience (duration ≥ 7 years). Based on age at entry into the trucking industry, participants were termed as either adolescent (age at entry < 18 complete years) or adult entrants (age at entry ≥ 18 complete years). In the low-experience cohort, the adolescent entrants were more likely than the adult entrants to have sex with paid female partners (42.6% versus 27.2%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–2.9) and to practice inconsistent condom use with such partners (69.1% versus 26.8%, respectively; adjusted OR: 5.3; 95% CI: 2.4–11.6). However, no significant differences were found in STI and HIV prevalence between the adolescent and the adult entrants in this cohort. In the high-experience cohort, the adolescent entrants were about two times more likely than the adult entrants to practice inconsistent condom use with paid female partners (38.5% versus 26.7%, respectively; adjusted OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.8) and to test positive for HIV (7.4% versus 4.0%, respectively; adjusted OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.1) and syphilis (5.7% versus 3.5%, respectively; adjusted OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–3.1). These results suggest the need for focused behavioral change programs in HIV prevention interventions for adolescent truckers in India and elsewhere.
A New Shortest Paths Ranking Algorithm

Ranking shortest paths is a classical network problem consisting of the determination of the K shortest paths connecting a given initial{destination pair of nodes such as the distance of the k th path that is determined is no greater than the distance of any j th one, for some j > k. In this paper an algorithm for ranking paths is reviewed being its complexity improved in terms of the required memory space. This improvement allows the ranking of really larger problems in reasonably small execution times, which is comproved by the presented computational experiments. In fact, for randomly generated networks with 10000 nodes, the algorithm ranks more than half of a million of paths in a few cents of seconds of CPU execution time. This performance can be very important because of the potential practical applications of the problem, nameley as a subproblem of the constrained shortest path problem and of the multiobjective shortest path problem.
RegPredict: an integrated system for regulon inference in prokaryotes by comparative genomics approach

RegPredict web server is designed to provide comparative genomics tools for reconstruction and analysis of microbial regulons using comparative genomics approach. The server allows the user to rapidly generate reference sets of regulons and regulatory motif profiles in a group of prokaryotic genomes. The new concept of a cluster of co-regulated orthologous operons allows the user to distribute the analysis of large regulons and to perform the comparative analysis of multiple clusters independently. Two major workflows currently implemented in RegPredict are: (i) regulon reconstruction for a known regulatory motif and (ii) ab initio inference of a novel regulon using several scenarios for the generation of starting gene sets. RegPredict provides a comprehensive collection of manually curated positional weight matrices of regulatory motifs. It is based on genomic sequences, ortholog and operon predictions from the MicrobesOnline. An interactive web interface of RegPredict integrates and presents diverse genomic and functional information about the candidate regulon members from several web resources. RegPredict is freely accessible at http://regpredict.lbl. gov.
Effect of differential rotation on nonlinear mean electromotive force in a turbulent flow

An effect of the differential rotation on the nonlinear electromotive force in MHD turbulence is found. It includes a nonhelical $\alpha$ effect which is caused by a differential rotation, and it is independent of a hydrodynamic helicity. There is no quenching of this effect contrary to the quenching of the usual $\alpha$ effect caused by a hydrodynamic helicity. The nonhelical $\alpha$ effect vanishes when the rotation is constant on the cylinders which are parallel to the rotation axis. The mean differential rotation creates also the shear-current effect which changes its sign with the nonlinear growth of the mean magnetic field. However, there is no quenching of this effect. These phenomena determine the nonlinear evolution of the mean magnetic field. An effect of a uniform rotation on the nonlinear electromotive force is also studied. A nonlinear theory of the ${\bf \Omega} {\bf \times} \bar{\bf J}$ effect is developed, and the quenching of the hydrodynamic part of the usual $\alpha$ effect which is caused by a uniform rotation and inhomogeneity of turbulence, is found. Other contributions of a uniform rotation to the nonlinear electromotive force are also determined. All these effects are studied using the spectral $\tau$ approximation (the third-order closure procedure). An axisymmetric mean-field dynamo in the spherical and cylindrical geometries is considered. The nonlinear saturation mechanism based on the magnetic helicity evolution is discussed. It is shown that this universal mechanism is nearly independent of the form of the flux of magnetic helicity, and it requires only a nonzero flux of magnetic helicity. Astrophysical applications of these effects are discussed.
Teaching Diversity

This article is targeted to faculty teaching race and ethnicity, racism, diversity, and multicultural courses. Many students equate race with skin color. The premise of this article is that to teach students about the social construction of race, teachers must first know enough science to teach students that race is not biological. This article examines the biology of race by showing how advances in DNA sequencing led to genetics research that supports arguments that race is not biological. DNA comparisons show that all human populations living today are one species that came from Africa. The article explains the migration of humans out of Africa about 60,000 years ago and how they populated Australia, then Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The article shows how recent research maps the timing of the migration and admixture of specific population groups into Europe and India. The article shows how a mutation in one nucleotide can result in a trait like blue eyes, or Hemoglobin S (which confers resistance to malaria), which can be subject to evolution through natural selection. DNA comparisons show how natural selection shaped the genetics of human skin color to adapt to less UV light in the northern latitudes of Europe and Asia. The article shows that there is no relation between skin color or other “racial” characteristics and complex traits like intelligence. The science in this article will help teachers explain that as race is not biological, race is socially constructed and culturally enacted.
Scaling Up Class-Specific Kernel Discriminant Analysis for Large-Scale Face Verification

In this paper, a novel approximate solution of the criterion used in non-linear class-specific discriminant subspace learning is proposed. We build on the class-specific kernel spectral regression method, which is a two-step process formed by an eigenanalysis step and a kernel regression step. Based on the structure of the intra-class and out-of-class scatter matrices, we provide a fast solution for the first step. For the second step, we propose the use of approximate kernel space definitions. We analytically show that the adoption of randomized and class-specific kernels has the effect of regularization and Nyström-based approximation, respectively. We evaluate the proposed approach in face verification problems and compare it with the existing approaches. Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approximate class-specific kernel spectral regression method, since it can provide satisfactory performance and scale well with the size of the data.
SOMNOLENCE, FATIGUE ET FONCTIONNEMENT ATTENTIONNEL SUITE À UN TRAUMATISME CRANIOCÉRÉBRAL

This doctoral dissertation focused on sleepiness, fatigue, sleep, and attention in the long term following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study aimed to document the presence and severity of sleepiness, fatigue and sleep problems. Another objective was to assess the attentional aspects of speed of information processing, selective attention, and sustained attention. The dissertation was also intended to explore the relationships between sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep, on one hand, and attentional functioning, on the other hand. Twenty-two adults who had sustained a moderate to severe TBI between 1 and 11 years prior to their enrolment in the study were compared to 22 control participants matched on age, sex, and education. The main outcome measures included nighttime and daytime polysomnographic recordings, three neuropsychological tests of attention, a driving simulator task, and subjective measures of sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep. Results of the first empirical paper indicated a significantly higher level of fatigue in TBI participants compared to controls, whereas groups did not differ on objective or subjective sleepiness measures. The impact of sleepiness on general productivity, the time spent in bed at night, and the frequency and duration of daytime napping were greater in the TBI group. Results of the second empirical paper revealed a poorer performance in TBI compared to control individuals on measures tapping speed of information processing and sustained attention derived from the neuropsychological tests and the driving simulator task, while groups did not differ on selective attention. Significant correlations were observed between poorer attentional performance and poorer sleep continuity or higher levels of sleepiness, mainly in the TBI group. No relationship was found between cognitive performance and subjective fatigue. This dissertation suggests that fatigue is a more prominent symptom than sleepiness when assessed several years after TBI. The use of compensatory strategies such as increasing sleep opportunities appears to be a common practice. Results add to the existing evidence that speed of information processing is still impaired several years after TBI and indicate that sustained attention may also be compromised. Attention seems to be associated with sleep continuity and daytime sleepiness, suggesting that patients, clinicians, and researchers alike should take notice of this interaction.
Pathoadaptive Mutations of Escherichia coli K1 in Experimental Neonatal Systemic Infection

Although Escherichia coli K1 strains are benign commensals in adults, their acquisition at birth by the newborn may result in life-threatening systemic infections, most commonly sepsis and meningitis. Key features of these infections, including stable gastrointestinal (GI) colonization and age-dependent invasion of the bloodstream, can be replicated in the neonatal rat. We previously increased the capacity of a septicemia isolate of E. coli K1 to elicit systemic infection following colonization of the small intestine by serial passage through two-day-old (P2) rat pups. The passaged strain, A192PP (belonging to sequence type 95), induces lethal infection in all pups fed 2–6 x 106 CFU. Here we use whole-genome sequencing to identify mutations responsible for the threefold increase in lethality between the initial clinical isolate and the passaged derivative. Only four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in genes (gloB, yjgV, tdcE) or promoters (thrA) involved in metabolic functions, were found: no changes were detected in genes encoding virulence determinants associated with the invasive potential of E. coli K1. The passaged strain differed in carbon source utilization in comparison to the clinical isolate, most notably its inability to metabolize glucose for growth. Deletion of each of the four genes from the E. coli A192PP chromosome altered the proteome, reduced the number of colonizing bacteria in the small intestine and increased the number of P2 survivors. This work indicates that changes in metabolic potential lead to increased colonization of the neonatal GI tract, increasing the potential for translocation across the GI epithelium into the systemic circulation.
Properties of the thalamic projection from the posterior medial nucleus to primary and secondary somatosensory cortices in the mouse

Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) receives two distinct classes of thalamocortical input via the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways, the former via ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM), and the latter, from the posterior medial nucleus (POm). These projections have been described as parallel thalamocortical pathways. Although the VPM thalamocortical projection has been studied in depth, several details of the POm projection to S1 are unknown. We studied the synaptic properties and anatomical features in the mouse of the projection from POm to all layers of S1 and to layer 4 of secondary somatosensory cortex (S2). Neurons in S1 responded to stimulation of POm with what has been termed Class 2 properties (paired-pulse facilitation, small initial excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), a graded activation profile, and a metabotropic receptor component; thought to be modulatory), whereas neurons in layer 4 of S2 responded with Class 1A properties (paired-pulse depression, large initial EPSPs, an all-or-none activation profile, and no metabotropic receptor component, thought to be a main information input). Also, labeling from POm produced small boutons in S1, whereas both small and large boutons were found in S2. Our data suggest that the lemniscal and paralemniscal projections should not be thought of as parallel information pathways to S1 and that the paralemniscal projection may instead provide modulatory inputs to S1.
Spousal violence against women and help seeking behaviour.

This part of the SAFE Baseline Report identifies: (1) Prevalence of different forms of spousal violence against women in the slums covered by the SAFE; (2) Help seeking behaviour of the abused women; and (3) Attitudes of the women and men regarding gender equality and violence against women in these communities.
The landscape of impoliteness research

Abstract This article attempts to give a state-of-the-art picture of impoliteness studies and to indicate a few prospective research directions to enrich them. It critically surveys a number of theoretical and methodological problems (impoliteness vs. rudeness; intention; sanctioned face-threat; and impoliteness strategies), as well as the paramount topics of investigation (such as disagreement; arguments; insults, taboo words; or sarcasm), and discourse domains in which impoliteness can be found. Importantly, this paper brings to focus a selection of notions central to impoliteness, albeit not yet widely recognized in the scholarship on impoliteness. These include: slurs; pejoratives; and a number of phenomena promoted by computer mediated communication (e.g., flaming or trolling).
Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms Isolated from a Deep Greenland Glacier Ice Core

ABSTRACT We studied a sample from the GISP 2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project) ice core to determine the diversity and survival of microorganisms trapped in the ice at least 120,000 years ago. Previously, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences in a clone library obtained by PCR amplification from genomic DNA extracted from anaerobic enrichments. Here we report the isolation of nearly 800 aerobic organisms that were grouped by morphology and amplified rDNA restriction analysis patterns to select isolates for further study. The phylogenetic analyses of 56 representative rDNA sequences showed that the isolates belonged to four major phylogenetic groups: the high-G+C gram-positives, low-G+C gram-positives, Proteobacteria, and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group. The most abundant and diverse isolates were within the high-G+C gram-positive cluster that had not been represented in the clone library. The Jukes-Cantor evolutionary distance matrix results suggested that at least 7 isolates represent new species within characterized genera and that 49 are different strains of known species. The isolates were further categorized based on the isolation conditions, temperature range for growth, enzyme activity, antibiotic resistance, presence of plasmids, and strain-specific genomic variations. A significant observation with implications for the development of novel and more effective cultivation methods was that preliminary incubation in anaerobic and aerobic liquid prior to plating on agar media greatly increased the recovery of CFU from the ice core sample.
Modulation of heart rate by temporally patterned vagus nerve stimulation in the anesthetized dog

Despite current knowledge of the myriad physiological effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in various mammalian species (including humans), the impact of varying stimulation parameters on nerve recruitment and physiological responses is not well understood. We investigated nerve recruitment, cardiovascular responses, and skeletal muscle responses to different temporal patterns of VNS across 39 combinations of stimulation amplitude, frequency, and number of pulses per burst. Anesthetized dogs were implanted with stimulating and recording cuff electrodes around the cervical vagus nerve, whereas laryngeal electromyogram (EMG) and heart rate were recorded. In seven of eight dogs, VNS‐evoked bradycardia (defined as ≥10% decrease in heart rate) was achieved by applying stimuli at amplitudes equal to or greater than the threshold for activating slow B‐fibers. Temporally patterned VNS (minimum 5 pulses per burst) was sufficient to elicit bradycardia while reducing the concomitant activation of laryngeal muscles by more than 50%. Temporal patterns of VNS can be used to modulate heart rate while minimizing laryngeal motor fiber activation, and this is a novel approach to reduce the side effects produced by VNS.
A novel classification of colorectal tumors based on microsatellite instability, the CpG island methylator phenotype and chromosomal instability: implications for prognosis.

BACKGROUND We studied the overlap between the major (epi)genomic events microsatellite instability (MSI), the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and chromosomal instability (CIN) in colorectal cancer (CRC), and whether specific (epi)genotypes were associated with CRC-related deaths. PATIENTS AND METHODS Molecular analyses using tumor DNA were successful in 509 CRC cases identified within the Netherlands Cohort Study in the period 1989-1993. Follow-up for the vital status until May 2005 was 100%. RESULTS MSI (12.6%), CIMP-only (5.3%), CIMP + CIN (13.4%), CIN-only (58.2%) and triple-negative tumors (10.6%) differed significantly regarding tumor localization, differentiation grade, initial adjuvant therapy (AT) use and genetic characteristics (P ≤ 0.03). CIMP-only, CIMP + CIN and triple-negative tumors, compared with CIN-only tumors, were significantly associated with a 3.67, 2.44 and 3.78-fold risk of CRC-related deaths after 2-year follow-up (95% confidence intervals, CIs, 1.70-7.91, 1.35-4.41 and 1.97-7.25, respectively), but not after late follow-up. MSI tumors were borderline significantly associated with a 0.40-fold risk of CRC-related deaths after late follow-up (95% CI 0.15-1.03). CONCLUSION(S) This is the first study to show that specific (epi)genotypes may hold a differential prognostic value that may vary over time. Although no specific treatment data were available, an explanation for the differential findings over time might be that (epi)genotypes modify therapy response.