Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Row or Double-Row Fixation Technique for Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Meta-Analysis

Background The single-row and double-row fixation techniques have been widely used for rotator cuff tears. However, whether the double-row technique produces superior clinical or anatomic outcomes is still considered controversial. This study aims to use meta-analysis to compare the clinical and anatomical outcomes between the two techniques. Methods The Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for relevant studies published before November 1, 2012. Studies clearly reporting a comparison of the single-row and double-row techniques were selected. The Constant, ASES, and UCLA scale systems and the rotator cuff integrity rate were evaluated. The weighted mean differences and relative risks were calculated using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Results Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. The weighted mean differences of the ASES (−0.84; P = 0.04; I2 = 0%) and UCLA (−0.75; P = 0.007; I2 = 0%) scales were significantly low in the single-row group for full-thickness rotator cuff tears. For tear sizes smaller than 3 cm, no significant difference was found between the groups no matter in Constant (P = 0.95; I2 = 0%), ASES (P = 0.77; I2 = 0%), or UCLA (P = 0.24; I2 = 13%) scales. For tear sizes larger than 3 cm, the ASES (−1.95; P = 0.001; I2 = 49%) and UCLA (−1.17; P = 0.006; I2 = 0%) scales were markedly lower in the single-row group. The integrity of the rotator cuff (0.81; P = 0.0004; I2 = 10%) was greater and the partial thickness retear rate (1.93; P = 0.007; I2 = 10%) was less in the double-row group. Full-thickness retears showed no difference between the groups (P = 0.15; I2 = 0%). Conclusion The meta-analysis suggests that the double-row fixation technique increases post-operative rotator cuff integrity and improves the clinical outcomes, especially for full-thickness rotator cuff tears larger than 3 cm. For tear sizes smaller than 3 cm, there was no difference in the clinical outcomes between the two techniques. Level of Evidence Level I.
Age at natural menopause in Spain and the United States: Results from the DAMES project

Our research was undertaken to determine the median age of natural menopause and correlates of the timing of menopause in Spain and the United States (U.S.). A population‐based sample of 300 women from Madrid, Spain and a random sample of 293 women from Fallon Community Health plan (FCHP), a health maintenance organization (HMO) in central Massachusetts, were interviewed using a semi‐structured questionnaire. Logit analysis and logistic regression were used to estimate the median age at menopause and identify factors associated with it. The median age of natural menopause in Spain is estimated at 51.7 years, and in the U.S., it is 52.6 years. In Spain, women with any children (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.25, 1.36) and a lower body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.78) had later ages at menopause while current smokers (OR = 5.51, 95% CI: 1.82, 16.7) had earlier ages of menopause in a multivariate model. A multiplicative interaction between smoking status and parity was identified, and an interaction term included in the multivariate model (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.94). In the U.S., household income, marital status, and education level were statistically associated with age at natural menopause in bivariate models. These factors were no longer statistically significant after adjustments in a multivariate model. Oral contraceptive use, cycle length, and cycle regularity were not statistically associated with the age of menopause in either country. The ages of natural menopause in Spain and the U.S. are comparable to other industrialized nations. The factors associated with the timing of natural menopause, in particular smoking and BMI, are consistent with those identified in previous studies. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 17:331–340, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THEORY OF CLASSIFICATION: A SURVEY OF RECENT ADVANCES

The last few years have witnessed important new developments in the theory and practice of pattern classification. We intend to survey some of the main new ideas that have lead to these important recent developments. Resume. Durant ces dernieres annees, la theorie et la pratique de la reconnaissance des formes ont ´e marquees par des developpements originaux. Ce survol presente certaines des principales idees novatrices qui ont conduitces developpements importants.
Bioluminescent assays for ADME evaluation: dialing in CYP selectivity with luminogenic substrates

Introduction: The cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are central to ADME studies because of their central role in drug metabolism. Proper CYP assay design and a correct understanding of CYP assay selectivity are critical for generating and interpreting biologically relevant data during drug development. Bioluminescent CYP assays use luminogenic probe substrates that have the unique property of producing photons in a second reaction with luciferase. Areas covered: This article presents the general design principles for in vitro CYP assays. Specifically, the article focuses on the bioluminescent approach that couples CYP activity with photon production. Expert opinion: Highly selective luminogenic substrates for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP3A7, CYP4A and CYP4F have been developed with utility for interrogating the roles of these enzymes in biochemical and cell-based formats. These selective substrates are part of a larger collection of probes that deliver CYP inhibition and induction data that predict in vivo drug interactions. Furthermore, they support highly sensitive, rapid and scalable assays for cell-based and cell-free biochemical applications, which offer an alternative and often enabling option over conventional assay strategies.
A pilot, randomized, open‐label trial assessing safety and pharmakokinetic parameters of co‐administration of rivastigmine with risperidone in dementia patients with behavioral disturbances

The majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia display, in addition to cognitive impairment, various degrees of behavioral disturbances. As the use of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of cognitive impairment in dementia becomes widespread, many of these patients will be treated concomitantly with cholinesterase inhibitors and with anti‐psychotic drugs to ameliorate behavioral disturbances. Despite the widespread use of this combination in clinical practice, the safety and tolerability of such combination therapy has not been evaluated in controlled clinical trials. This pilot study examined the effects of addition of risperidone 0.5–2 mg/day to patients on rivastigmine 3–12 mg/day, and vice versa.
A review of solifenacin in the treatment of urinary incontinence

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition which has an adverse effect on quality of life. The presence of urgency incontinence confers significant morbidity above and beyond that of OAB sufferers who are continent. The primary treatment for OAB and urgency incontinence is a combination of behavioral measures and antimuscarinic drug therapy. The ideal antimuscarinic agent should effectively relieve the symptoms of OAB, with the minimum of side effects; it should be available as a once-daily sustained release formulation and in dosage strength that allows easy dose titration for the majority of sufferers. Solifenacin succinate was launched in 2005, and has been shown in both short and long term clinical trials to fulfill these requirements. Solifenacin is a competitive M3 receptor antagonist with a long half-life (45–68 hours). It is available in two dosage strengths namely a 5 or 10 mg once-daily tablet. The efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin for the treatment of all symptoms of OAB has been evaluated in a number of large, placebo controlled, randomized trials. Long-term safety, efficacy, tolerability and persistence with treatment have been established in an open label 40 week continuation study.
Gauge-invariant perturbations around symmetry-reduced sectors of general relativity: applications to cosmology

We develop a gauge-invariant canonical perturbation scheme for perturbations around symmetry-reduced sectors in generally covariant theories, such as general relativity. The central objects of investigation are gauge-invariant observables which encode the dynamics of the system. We apply this scheme to perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic sector (cosmology) of general relativity. The background variables of this homogeneous and isotropic sector are treated fully dynamically which allows us to approximate the observables to an arbitrary high order in a self-consistent and fully gauge-invariant manner. Methods to compute these observables are given. The question of back-reaction effects of inhomogeneities onto a homogeneous and isotropic background can be addressed in this framework. We illustrate the latter by considering homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi-I cosmologies as perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic sector.
Inhibition Effects of Some Lignans on Carbonic Anhydrase, Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzymes Leyla Polat Köse and İlhami Gülçin

Lignans are a large group of chemical compounds found in plants. They have effects on enzymes, protein synthesis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, growth factor and cell differentiation. In this study, inhibition effects of α-(-)-conidendrin, enterodiole, enterolactone, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, secoisolariciresinol and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside against carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (CA I, and II) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were investigated. The Ki values of the lignans were found to be in the ranges of 1.27-3.30 nM for CA I, 1.11-2.68 nM for CA II, 0.72-1.62 nM for AChE, and 0.08-0.20 nM for AChE.
Regression of prolactin-dependent rat mammary carcinoma in response to antihormone treatment.

Rabbit antibodies to purified rat prolactin were produced and injected into female Sprague-Dawley rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced, hormone-dependent mammary adenocarcinomas. Antihormone therapy caused a significantly increased incidence of tumor regression and a significantly decreased growth of tumors in these rats compared with controls receiving normal rabbit serum. These results provide further evidence to support the conclusion that 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary cancer is prolactin dependent.
Effect of Group Exercising and Adjusting the Brace at Shorter Intervals on Cobb Angle and Quality of Life of Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of group exercise with brace adjustment at shorter intervals than used in routine practice in late-onset idiopathic scoliosis patients. Design This was a quasi-experimental study. Thirty patients with progressive scoliosis curves of 15–50 degrees and a prescription for a brace were divided into experimental and control groups, both of which participated in an 11-wk treatment program. Those in the experimental group underwent brace adjustment twice per week and performed group exercise, whereas those in the control group received a routine protocol. The quality of life and Cobb angle of patients in both groups were evaluated based on baseline and final results of the 22-item Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire and primary and secondary radiographs. Results In the experimental group, the improvement in Cobb angle and patient satisfaction was greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, in patients with Cobb angles of less than 30 degrees, the self-image and satisfaction domains and the total scores of patients in the experimental group were significantly different from those in the control group at the final assessment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Brace adjustment at shorter intervals combined with group exercise increases patient satisfaction and reduces scoliosis Cobb angles.
Examining antecedents and outcomes of part‐time working nurses' motives to search and not to search for a full‐time position

Grounded in self-determination theory, this study sought to examine the antecedents and outcomes of part-time working nurses’ (n = 404) motives for searching and not searching for full-time employment. After controlling for various background variables, autonomous motivation and economic motivation to search for a fulltime job related positively to job search intensity, controlled motivation to search related negatively to experienced positive experiences of part-time work, whereas autonomous motivation not to search related negatively to job search intensity and positively to positive experiences from part-time work. Finally, experienced managerial autonomy support toward part-time work and negative feedback from colleagues regarding part-time work were established as contextual antecedents of part-time nurses’ autonomous and controlled motives to search and not to search.
End of Award Report: Mathematical Images and Identities: Education, Entertainment, Social Justice

I was talking about my friend who was the maths geek. He came back this summer and he has got like the pi symbol and it’s about an inch big tattooed on like the underside of his wrist. Everyone was telling me he had ‘pi’ and I was thinking, ‘why has he got a pie tattooed on his wrist? ’ And I was thinking, ‘what kind of pie would it be and why would you think let’s have a pie? ’ And then everyone was like, ‘what are you on about? Pi you know. ’ And I was like ‘oh! ’ But he thinks it is like the best thing ever, so much so that he has had it now permanently tattooed on him. [laughter] You wouldn’t go and get Marx, you know, ‘I really like Marx let’s have him tattooed,’ or something like that, you know. We start by juxtaposing this mathematical identity work from our data with a media image of 8-year-old Lisa Simpson thinking about pi and her father Homer Simpson thinking about pie (http://www.mathsci.appstate.edu/~sjg/simpsonsmath/). The link between the cartoon and the quotation from a social science undergraduate raises questions about the relationship between images and identities that are at the heart of this research. In many ways it is typical of how people position themselves relative to mathematics and mathematicians, in its distancing through easy use of ‘geek’ and multiple misunderstandings: that it is mathematical pi rather than edible pie; how anyone could relate to the symbol pi in that way; and even more, how someone could relate to a subject in that way; the comparison with Marx renders this obsessive and excessive. It is also typical in the way that people, whether they like and do mathematics or not, expect mathematics to be written on the body, though rarely so literally.
Phenotypic Plasticity, Costs of Phenotypes, and Costs of Plasticity

Why are some traits constitutive and others inducible? The term costs often appears in work addressing this issue but may be ambiguously defined. This review distinguishes two conceptually distinct types of costs: phenotypic costs and plasticity costs. Phenotypic costs are assessed from patterns of covariation, typically between a focal trait and a separate trait relevant to fitness. Plasticity costs, separable from phenotypic costs, are gauged by comparing the fitness of genotypes with equivalent phenotypes within two environments but differing in plasticity and fitness. Subtleties associated with both types of costs are illustrated by a body of work addressing predator‐induced plasticity. Such subtleties, and potential interplay between the two types of costs, have also been addressed, often in studies involving genetic model organisms. In some instances, investigators have pinpointed the mechanistic basis of plasticity. In this vein, microbial work is especially illuminating and has three additional strengths. First, information about the machinery underlying plasticity—such as structural and regulatory genes, sensory proteins, and biochemical pathways—helps link population‐level studies with underlying physiological and genetic mechanisms. Second, microbial studies involve many generations, large populations, and replication. Finally, empirical estimation of key parameters (e.g., mutation rates) is tractable. Together, these allow for rigorous investigation of gene interactions, drift, mutation, and selection—all potential factors influencing the maintenance or loss of inducible traits along with phenotypic and plasticity costs. Messages emerging from microbial work can guide future efforts to understand the evolution of plastic traits in diverse organisms.
Lifting the Burden of Women's Care Work: Should Robots Replace the “Human Touch”?

This paper treats the political and ethical issues associated with the new caretaking technologies. Given the number of feminists who have raised serious concerns about the future of care work in the United States, and who have been critical of the degree to which society “free rides” on women's caretaking labor, I consider whether technology may provide a solution to this problem. Certainly, if we can create machines and robots to take on particular tasks, we may lighten the care burden that women currently face, much of which is heavy and repetitious, and which results in injury and care “burnout” for many female caretakers. Yet, in some contexts, I argue that high-tech robotic care may undermine social relationships, cutting individuals off from the possibility of social connectedness with others.
“Keeping It Real”: An Evaluation Audit of Five Years of Youth-Led Program Evaluation

Youth are increasingly seen as competent in participating in research and program evaluation, two activities previously reserved for adults. This article is a report of the findings from an evaluation audit of Stand Up! Help Out! , a participatory action after-school youth leadership development program for disadvantaged urban youth that utilized youth evaluations to develop a best practices service model. The youths' feedback assisted providers in improving services so that youth engagement in the program was 99% (by comparison with national highs of 79%). Here, the authors describe an important aspect of the process of youth-led program evaluation leading to such high youth engagement: how youth interviewed each other so as to optimize the authenticity of their program evaluations and contributions to program design. Drawing from over 5 years of program evaluation data collected by youth, the authors report on the youths' experiences as informants and coresearchers, consider strategies used to help youth best describe their experiences in the program, and describe implications for other settings looking to incorporate youth-led program evaluation. Youth-led program evaluation has considerable promise for helping service providers make programs more meaningful for disadvantaged youth.
The fermion determinant in ( 4 , 4 ) 2 d lattice super -

We find that the fermion determinant is not generally positive in a class of lattice actions recently constructed by Cohen et al. [hep-lat/0307012]; these are actions that contain an exact lattice supersymmetry and have as their target (continuum) theory (4,4) 2-dimensional super-Yang-Mills. We discuss the implications of this finding for lattice simulations and give some preliminary results for the phase of the determinant in the phase-quenched ensemble. ∗giedt@physics.utoronto. ca
The antiviral protein, viperin, localizes to lipid droplets via its N-terminal amphipathic α-helix

Lipid droplets are intracellular lipid-storage organelles that are thought to be derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Several pathogens, notably hepatitis C virus, use lipid droplets for replication. Numerous questions remain about how lipid droplets are generated and used by viruses. Here we show that the IFN-induced antiviral protein viperin, which localizes to the cytosolic face of the ER and inhibits HCV, localizes to lipid droplets. We show that the N-terminal amphipathic α-helix of viperin that is responsible for ER localization is also necessary and sufficient to localize both viperin and the fluorescent protein dsRed to lipid droplets. Point mutations in the α-helix that prevent ER association also disrupt lipid droplet association, and sequential deletion mutants indicate that the same number of helical turns are necessary for ER and lipid droplet association. Finally, we show that the N-terminal amphipathic α-helix of the hepatitis C viral protein NS5A can localize dsRed and viperin to lipid droplets. These findings indicate that the amphipathic α-helices of viperin and NS5A are lipid droplet-targeting domains and suggest that viperin inhibits HCV by localizing to lipid droplets using a domain and mechanism similar to that used by HCV itself.
Real-time error protection of embedded codes for packet erasure and fading channels

Reliable real-time transmission of packetized embedded multimedia data over noisy channels requires the design of fast error control algorithms. For packet erasure channels, efficient forward error correction is obtained by using systematic Reed-Solomon (RS) codes across packets. For fading channels, state-of-the-art performance is given by a product channel code where each column code is an RS code and each row code is a concatenation of an outer cyclic redundancy check code and an inner rate-compatible punctured convolutional code. For each of these two systems, we propose a low-memory linear-time iterative improvement algorithm to compute an error protection solution. Experimental results for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional set partitioning in hierarchical trees coders showed that our algorithms provide close to optimal average peak signal-to-noise ratio performance, and that their running time is significantly lower than that of all previously proposed solutions.
Increased risk of colorectal cancer among patients with biliary tract inflammation: A 5‐year follow‐up study

The purpose of the study was to investigate the risk of colorectal cancer among patients with biliary tract inflammation (BTI) compared to non‐BTI patients during a 5‐year follow‐up period. The study group comprised 1,613 patients with BTI, among which 32 cases (1.98%) developed colorectal cancer. The comparison group included 8,065 randomly selected subjects (5 for every patient with BTI), 74 of whom contracted colorectal cancer (0.92%). Stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions were calculated to estimate the adjusted hazard of colorectal cancer between the study group and comparison group. The adjusted hazard ratio for colorectal cancer for patients with BTI was 6.54 times (95% CI = 3.07–13.92) as high as for those without BTI within a 1‐year follow‐up period, 3.20 times (95% CI = 1.93–5.30) as high within a 3‐year follow‐up period, and 2.21 times (95% CI = 1.45–3.37) as high within a 5‐year follow‐up period. We also found that the adjusted hazard ratio for colorectal cancer for those with bile duct inflammation was 3.30 times (95% CI = 1.87–5.84) as high as for those without BTI within the 5‐year follow‐up period. However, no increased hazard of colorectal cancer was observed for patients with gallbladder inflammation. We concluded that patients with BTI had a significantly higher risk of colorectal cancer compared to patients without BTI.
Nativelikeness and non-nativelikeness in L2A research

Abstract This commentary addresses the use of nativelikeness and non-nativelikeness in research relating to the age factor in L2A. I suggest that, in the context of the Critical Period Hypothesis as it applies to L2A, the criteria of nativelikeness and non-nativelikeness may be subject to abuse. I also argue that the use of the monolingual native standard for falsification of the CPH is undermined by departures from monolingual nativelikeness that are artifacts of the nature of bilingualism. Finally, I discuss ways that evidence of (non-) nativelikeness can be put to constructive use in research that investigates the upper limits of L2A attainment.