Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sampling algorithms for evolving datasets

Perhaps the most flexible synopsis of a database is a uniform random sample of the data; such samples are widely used to speed up the processing of analytic queries and data-mining tasks, to enhance query optimization, and to facilitate information integration. Most of the existing work on database sampling focuses on how to create or exploit a random sample of a static database, that is, a database that does not change over time. The assumption of a static database, however, severely limits the applicability of these techniques in practice, where data is often not static but continuously evolving. In order to maintain the statistical validity of the sample, any changes to the database have to be appropriately reflected in the sample. In this thesis, we study efficient methods for incrementally maintaining a uniform random sample of the items in a dataset in the presence of an arbitrary sequence of insertions, updates, and deletions. We consider instances of the maintenance problem that arise when sampling from an evolving set, from an evolving multiset, from the distinct items in an evolving multiset, or from a sliding window over a data stream. Our algorithms completely avoid any accesses to the base data and can be several orders of magnitude faster than algorithms that do rely on such expensive accesses. The improved efficiency of our algorithms comes at virtually no cost: the resulting samples are provably uniform and only a small amount of auxiliary information is associated with the sample. We show that the auxiliary information not only facilitates efficient maintenance, but it can also be exploited to derive unbiased, low-variance estimators for counts, sums, averages, and the number of distinct items in the underlying dataset. In addition to sample maintenance, we discuss methods that greatly improve the flexibility of random sampling from a system’s point of view. More specifically, we initiate the study of algorithms that resize a random sample upwards or downwards. Our resizing algorithms can be exploited to dynamically control the size of the sample when the dataset grows or shrinks; they facilitate resource management and help to avoid underor oversized samples. Furthermore, in large-scale databases with data being distributed across several remote locations, it is usually infeasible to reconstruct the entire dataset for the purpose of sampling. To address this problem, we provide efficient algorithms that directly combine the local samples maintained at each location into a sample of the global dataset. We also consider a more general problem, where the global dataset is defined as an arbitrary set or multiset expression involving the local datasets, and provide efficient solutions based on hashing.
Tunable electronic anisotropy in single-crystal A2Cr3As3 (A = K, Rb) quasi-one-dimensional superconductors

Single crystals of A2Cr3As3 (A = K, Rb) were successfully grown using a self-flux method and studied via structural, transport, and thermodynamic measurement techniques. The superconducting state properties between the two species are similar, with critical temperatures of 6.1 and 4.8 K in K2Cr3As3 and Rb2Cr3As3, respectively. However, the emergence of a strong normal state electronic anisotropy in Rb2Cr3As3 suggests a unique electronic tuningparameteriscoupledtotheinterchainspacinginthe A2Cr3As3 structure,whichincreaseswithalkali-metal ionicsizewhiletheone-dimensional[(Cr3As3) 2− ]∞ chainstructureitselfremainsessentiallyunchanged.Together with dramatic enhancements in both conductivity and magnetoresistance (MR), the appearance of a strong anisotropy in the MR of Rb2Cr3As3 is consistent with the proposed quasi-one-dimensional character of band structure and its evolution with alkali-metal species in this new family of superconductors.
Acute effects of exercise on energy intake and feeding behaviour

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the short-term effects of exercise of different intensities on energy intake. Eleven young men were submitted to three randomly assigned sessions (one control and two exercise sessions) in which they ate, ad libitum, foods from a buffet-type meal. The energy cost of exercise was the same in the two exercise sessions. Results showed that there was no significant change in post-exercise subjective levels of hunger and fullness as well as total energy and macronutrient intakes in comparison with the control session. However, when energy intake relative to expenditure was considered by subtracting the surplus of energy expended during exercise from total energy intake, high-intensity exercise exerted a greater reducing effect on this variable compared with the control and low-intensity exercise sessions. These results suggest that for a given level of energy expenditure, high-intensity exercise favours negative energy balance to a greater extent than low-intensity exercise.
The First Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate Co-Producing OXA-48 and NDM-1 in Turkey

the test results were interpreted by using the CLSI criteria. The Modified Hodge test (MHT) was used to screen for the production of carbapenemase, and carbapenem-resistant isolates were examined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction for the expression of blaKPC, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-48 [5, 6]. The nucleotide sequences were then analyzed by using an Applied Biosystems sequencer (ABI Prism 310 genetic analyzer; PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Multiple alignments were performed by using DNAMAN 4.1 software (Lynnon BioSoft, Quebec, Canada) for isolates producing NDM-1. Forty-nine of the 887 Enterobacteriaceae isolates (5.52%) were resistant to ≥1 of the three carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem), and MHT revealed that all 49isolates were strong carbapenemase producers. No isolates harbored blaKPC, although 48 harbored blaOXA-48, and 1 K. pneumoniae isolate that was recovered from a patient’s urine sample was positive for both blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1. This patient was a 75-yr-old woman who was living in Sanliurfa (on the southeastern border of Turkey) and was diagnosed as having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and hypotension. In 2013, she was transferred to the Pulmonary Diseases Department of a hospital in the central region of Turkey with severe shortness of breath, sluggishness, reduced consciousness, and weakness in her legs and arms. On the day after her admission, she developed severe respiratory fail
Wing Geometry and Kinematic Parameters Optimization of Flapping Wing Hovering Flight

How to efficiently mimic the wing shape and kinematics pattern of an able hovering living flier is always a concern of researchers from the flapping wing micro aerial vehicles community. In this work, the separate or combined optimizations of wing geometry or/and wing kinematic parameters are systematically performed to minimize the energy of hovering flight, firstly on the basis of analytically extended quasi-steady aerodynamic model by using hybrid genetic algorithm. Before the elaboration of the optimization problem, the parametrization description of dynamically scaled wing with non-dimensional conformal feature of insect-scale rigid wing is firstly proposed. The optimization results show that the combined optimization of wing geometry and kinematic parameters can obtain lower flapping frequency, larger wing geometry parameters and lower power density in comparison with those from other cases of optimization. Moreover, the flapping angle for the optimization involving wing kinematic parameters manifests harmonic shape profile and the pitch angle possesses round trapezoidal profile with certain faster time scale of pitch reversal. The combined optimization framework provides a novel method for the conceptual design of fundamental parameters of biomimetic flapping wing micro aerial vehicle.
Ambient Air Pollution Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hospital Cardiac Readmissions of Myocardial Infarction Survivors in Five European Cities

Background— Ambient air pollution has been associated with increases in acute morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of urban air pollution on cardiac hospital readmissions in survivors of myocardial infarction, a potentially susceptible subpopulation. Methods and Results— In this European multicenter cohort study, 22 006 survivors of a first myocardial infarction were recruited in Augsburg, Germany; Barcelona, Spain; Helsinki, Finland; Rome, Italy; and Stockholm, Sweden, from 1992 to 2000. Hospital readmissions were recorded in 1992 to 2001. Ambient nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and mass of particles <10 &mgr;m (PM10) were measured. Particle number concentrations were estimated as a proxy for ultrafine particles. Short-term effects of air pollution on hospital readmissions for myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and cardiac causes (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, dysrhythmia, or heart failure) were studied in city-specific Poisson regression analyses with subsequent pooling. During follow-up, 6655 cardiac readmissions were observed. Cardiac readmissions increased in association with same-day concentrations of PM10 (rate ratio [RR] 1.021, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.039) per 10 &mgr;g/m3) and estimated particle number concentrations (RR 1.026 [95% CI 1.005 to 1.048] per 10 000 particles/cm3). Effects of similar strength were observed for carbon monoxide (RR 1.014 [95% CI 1.001 to 1.026] per 200 &mgr;g/m3 [0.172 ppm]), nitrogen dioxide (RR 1.032 [95% CI 1.013 to 1.051] per 8 &mgr;g/m3 [4.16 ppb]), and ozone (RR 1.026 [95% CI 1.001 to 1.051] per 15 &mgr;g/m3 [7.5 ppb]). Pooled effect estimates for angina pectoris and myocardial infarction readmissions were comparable. Conclusions— The results suggest that ambient air pollution is associated with increased risk of hospital cardiac readmissions of myocardial infarction survivors in 5 European cities.
The regional pattern of retinoic acid synthesis by RALDH2 is essential for the development of posterior pharyngeal arches and the enteric nervous system

Targeted inactivation of the mouse retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2/ALDH1a2), the enzyme responsible for early embryonic retinoic acid synthesis, is embryonic lethal because of defects in early heart morphogenesis. Transient maternal RA supplementation from E7.5 to (at least) E8.5 rescues most of these defects, but the supplemented Raldh2–/– mutants die prenatally, from a lack of septation of the heart outflow tract (Niederreither, K., Vermot, J., Messaddeq, N., Schuhbaur, B., Chambon, P. and Dollé, P. (2001). Development 128, 1019-1031). We have investigated the developmental basis for this defect, and found that the RA-supplemented Raldh2–/– embryos exhibit impaired development of their posterior (3rd-6th) branchial arch region. While the development of the first and second arches and their derivatives, as well as the formation of the first branchial pouch, appear to proceed normally, more posterior pharyngeal pouches fail to form and the pharyngeal endoderm develops a rudimentary, pouch-like structure. All derivatives of the posterior branchial arches are affected. These include the aortic arches, pouch-derived organs (thymus, parathyroid gland) and post-otic neural crest cells, which fail to establish segmental migratory pathways and are misrouted caudally. Patterning and axonal outgrowth of the posterior (9th-12th) cranial nerves is also altered. Vagal crest deficiency in Raldh2–/– mutants leads to agenesis of the enteric ganglia, a condition reminiscent of human Hirschprung's disease. In addition, we provide evidence that: (i) wildtype Raldh2 expression is restricted to the posteriormost pharyngeal mesoderm; (ii) endogenous RA response occurs in both the pharyngeal endoderm and mesoderm, and extends more rostrally than Raldh2 expression up to the 2nd arch; (iii) RA target genes (Hoxa1, Hoxb1) are downregulated in both the pharyngeal endoderm and mesoderm of mutant embryos. Thus, RALDH2 plays a crucial role in producing RA required for pharyngeal development, and RA is one of the diffusible mesodermal signals that pattern the pharyngeal endoderm.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy using two static ports of tomotherapy for breast cancer after conservative surgery: dosimetric comparison with other treatment methods and 3-year clinical results

Abstract This study investigated the differences in dose–volume parameters for the breast and normal tissues during TomoDirectTM (TD) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), TD-3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and 3DCRT plans, all using two beams, and analyzed treatment outcomes of two-beam TD-IMRT for breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. Between August 2011 and January 2015, 152 patients were treated using two-beam TD-IMRT with 50 Gy/25 fractions. Among them, 20 patients with left-sided breast cancer were randomly chosen, and two-beam TD-IMRT, TD-3DCRT and 3DCRT plans were created for each patient. The homogeneity and conformity indices and various dose–volume parameters for the planning target volume and OARs were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3 years. Toxicities were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. TD-IMRT and TD-3DCRT showed better whole-breast coverage than 3DCRT (P < 0.001). Most of the mean values of dosimetric endpoints for OARs were better in TD-IMRT than in TD-3DCRT and 3DCRT. Overall survival rates were 97.7% and local control rates were 99.1% at 3 years. Regional control and distant metastasis control rates at 3 years were 98.6% and 96.8%, respectively. Twenty-four of the 152 patients had Grade 2 or higher acute radiation dermatitis. Four patients (4/146 = 2.7%) had Grade 2 radiation pneumonitis. There were no late adverse events of Grade 2 or higher. Two-beam TD-IMRT appeared to yield better dose distribution for whole-breast external-beam radiation therapy than TD-3DCRT and two-beam 3DCRT. The treatment appeared to provide low skin toxicity and acceptable tumor control.
r-Mode Runaway and Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars

We present a simple spin-evolution model that predicts that rapidly rotating accreting neutron stars will be confined mainly to a narrow range of spin frequencies: P = 1.5-5 ms. This is in agreement with current observations of neutron stars in both the low-mass X-ray binaries and the millisecond radio pulsars. The main ingredients in the model are (1) the instability of r-modes above a critical spin rate, (2) the thermal runaway that is due to the heat released as viscous damping mechanisms counteract the r-mode growth, and (3) a revised estimate of the strength of the dissipation that is due to the presence of a viscous boundary layer at the base of the crust in an old and relatively cold neutron star. We discuss the gravitational waves that are radiated during the brief r-mode-driven spin-down phase. We also briefly touch on how the new estimates affect the predicted initial spin periods of hot young neutron stars.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Reduced Brain Edema and Infarction Volume in Mice Lacking the Neuronal Isoform of Nitric Oxide Synthase after Transient Mea Occlusion

Infarct volume and edema were assessed after transient focal ischemia in mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene expression. With use of an 8-0 coated monofilament, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of mutant (n = 32) and wild-type mice [SV-129 (n = 31), C57Black/6 (n = 18)] were occluded for 3 h and reper­ fused for up to 24 h. Regional CBF (rCBF), neurological deficits, water content, and infarct volume were exam­ ined in all three strains. rCBF, blood pressure, and heart rate did not differ between groups when measured for 1 h after reperfusion. Neurological deficits were less severe in mutant mice after MCA occlusion. Brain water content Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous molecular mes­ senger involved in numerous biological processes NO is synthesized by NO syn­ thase (NOS), an enzyme for which at least three isoforms have been identified, including neuronal, endothelial, and inducible NOS (Nathan and Xie, 1994). NO has been implicated as a putative medi­ ator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) cytotoxicity in cultured cells (Dawson et aI., 1991) and in the pathophysiology of ischemic brain damage (Daw­ son et aI. 605 at 3 h after reperfusion and infarct volume at 24 h after reperfusion were greater in wild-type mice. These data indicate that genetic deletion of neuronal NOS confers resistance to focal ischemic injury in a reperfusion model. The findings agree with previous studies showing that tissue injury is less extensive after both permanent MCA occlusion and global ischemia in mice lacking neuronal NOS gene expression. Hence, NO may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage. Key Words: Brain edema"':'-Brain infarction-Mutant mice-Neuronal nitric oxide synthase-Regional cerebral blood flow­ Transient focal ischemia. ladecola et aI., 1994). This evidence is largely de­ rived from in vivo experiments showing that NOS inhibitors ameliorate tissue damage after middle ce­ rebral artery (MCA) occlusion (Nowicki et aI. Knockout mice deficient in the neuronal isoform have helped to clarify this controversy. Our labora­ tories observed that infarct volume was smaller in mutant mice with selective neuronal NOS gene de­ letion than in wild-type controls, whereas inhibition of endothelial NOS activity increased ischemic brain damage in these mutants. Hence, neuronal but not endothelial NOS has a negative impact on ischemic damage (Huang et aI., 1994). However, our previous report did not address the role of reperfusion injury in the context of focal ischemia. NO may promote tissue injury …
Auditory cortical images of cochlear-implant stimuli: coding of stimulus channel and current level.

This study quantified the accuracy with which populations of neurons in the auditory cortex can represent aspects of electrical cochlear stimuli presented through a cochlear implant. We tested the accuracy of coding of the place of stimulation (i.e., identification of the active stimulation channel) and of the stimulus current level. Physiological data came from the companion study, which recorded spike activity of neurons simultaneously from 16 sites along the tonotopic axis of the guinea pig's auditory cortex. In that study, cochlear electrical stimuli were presented to acutely deafened animals through a 6-electrode animal version of the 22-electrode Nucleus banded electrode array (Cochlear). Cochlear electrode configurations consisted of monopolar (MP), bipolar (BP + N) with N inactive electrodes between the active and return electrodes (0 < or = N < or = 3), tripolar (TP) with one active electrode and two flanking return electrodes, and common ground (CG) with one active electrode and as many as five return electrodes. In the present analysis, an artificial neural network was trained to recognize spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activity in response to single presentations of particular stimuli and, thereby, to identify those stimuli. The accuracy of pair-wise discrimination of stimulation channels or of current levels was represented by the discrimination index, d', where d' = 1 was taken as threshold. In many cases, the threshold for discrimination of place of cochlear stimulation was < 0.75 mm, and the threshold for discrimination of current levels was < 1 dB. Cochlear electrode configurations varied in the accuracy with which they signaled to the auditory cortex the place of cochlear stimulation. The BP + N and TP configurations provided considerably greater sensitivity to place of stimulation than did the MP configuration. The TP configuration maintained accurate signaling of place of stimulation up to the highest current levels, whereas sensitivity was degraded at high current levels in BP + N configurations. Electrode configurations also varied in the dynamic range over which they signaled stimulus current level. Dynamic ranges were widest for the BP + 0 configuration and narrowest for the TP configuration. That is, the configuration that showed the most accurate signaling of cochlear place of stimulation (TP) showed the most restricted dynamic range for signaling of current level. These results suggest that the choice of the optimal electrode configuration for use by human cochlear-prosthesis users would depend on the particular demands of the speech-processing strategy that is to be employed.
Integration of DNN based speech enhancement and ASR

Speech enhancement employing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is gaining strength as a data-driven alternative to classical Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) enhancement approaches. In the past, Observation Uncertainty approaches to integrate MMSE speech enhancement with Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) have yielded good results as a lightweight alternative for robust ASR. In this paper we thus explore the integration of DNN-based speech enhancement with ASR by employing Observation Uncertainty techniques. For this purpose, we explore various techniques and approximations that allow propagating the uncertainty of inference of the DNN into feature domain. This uncertainty can then be used to dynamically compensate the ASR model utilizing techniques like uncertainty decoding. We test the proposed techniques on the AURORA4 corpus and show that notable improvements can be attained over the already effective DNN enhancement.
[Survival time of advanced gastric cancer patients treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy].

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer has a low survival rate while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy has effects in inhibiting tumor growth, lengthening survival time and improving the quality of life. OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy on the survival time and quality of life of advanced gastric cancer patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS A total of 95 advanced gastric cancer patients were enrolled and divided into comprehensive group (48 cases) and control group (47 cases). The patients in the comprehensive group from the First Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, were treated with TCM therapy and chemotherapy based on the gastric cancer treatment guidelines made by the First Department of Oncology of Longhua Hospital, and the patients in the control group from Renji Hospital and Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai were treated with chemotherapy only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The survival time in the two groups were observed and compared. The Karnofsky score, body weight, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) score, response rate and chemotherapy-related adverse events in the comprehensive group were observed. RESULTS The estimated median survival time in the comprehensive group was 16.12 months, longer than 9.64 months in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of function and symptom of EORTC QLQ-C30 in the comprehensive group decreased, while the overall health status increased, and the results indicated that the quality of life of the patients in the comprehensive group was improved. In the comprehensive group, the body weight after treatment was higher than that before treatment (P=0.037), while there was no difference in Karnofsky scores between that before and after treatment (P=0.061). All the patients in the comprehensive group were assessable. The complete response rate was 0, 3 cases had a partial response, 34 cases had stable disease, and 11 cases had disease progression. The overall response rate was 6.25% (3/48), and the disease control rate was 77.08% (37/48). No patient withdrew because of severe adverse events and there was no chemotherapy-related death. CONCLUSION Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine can prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life of advanced gastric cancer patients, and enhance the comprehensive effects.