Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hard-Earned Wisdom: Exploratory Processing of Difficult Life Experience Is Positively Associated With Wisdom

Laypersons and experts believe that wisdom is cultivated through a diverse range of positive and negative life experiences. Yet, not all individuals with life experience are wise. We propose that one possible determinant of growth in wisdom from life experience is self-reflection. In a life span sample of adults (N = 94) ranging from 26 to 92 years of age, we examined wisdom’s relationship to self-reflection by investigating “why” people report reflecting on the past (i.e., reminiscence functions) and “how” they reflect within autobiographical memories of difficult life events (i.e., autobiographical reasoning). We assessed wisdom using self-report, performance, and nomination approaches. Results indicated that wisdom was unrelated to the frequency of self-reflection; however, wiser people differed from others in their (a) reasons for reminiscence and (b) mode of autobiographical reasoning. Across 3 methods for assessing wisdom, wisdom was positively associated with exploratory processing of difficult life experience (meaning-making, personal growth), whereas redemptive processing (positive emotional reframing, event resolution) was positively associated with adjustment. This study suggests that developmental pathways in the wake of adversity may be partially determined by how individuals self-reflectively process significant life experiences.
Antagonism of P2Y12 or GPIIb/IIIa receptors reduces platelet-mediated myocardial injury after ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts

Summary Platelets activated during experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI) contribute to myocardial injury. This study aimed to investigate whether platelets from patients with AMI increase myocardial injury after ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts and the modification of this effect by the P2Y12 receptor antagonist cangrelor and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 40 minutes of global ischaemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Hearts (four simultaneous experiments per patient) were infused with platelets from nine AMI patients (seven thrombolysed, all on aspirin), untreated or incubated with 10 μM cangrelor or 5 μg/ml abciximab. Control experiments were performed using platelets from healthy volunteers and platelet-poor plasma. P-selectin expression on isolated platelets was higher in AMI patients than in controls and was not modified by the treatments. Control platelets or platelet-poor plasma did mild or no harm. In contrast, platelets from AMI patients significantly augmented myocardial injury, as demonstrated by worse left ventricular (LV) developed pressure, higher maximal LV end-diastolic pressure and coronary resistance, and greater lactate dehydrogenase release and infarct size. Both cangrelor and abciximab greatly attenuated these effects. In conclusion, activated platelets from AMI patients increase myocardial injury after ischaemia and reperfusion, and cangrelor and abciximab attenuate this effect. The results support the notion that very early antiplatelet treatment might reduce infarct size by direct effects on reperfused myocardium in these patients.
THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: THE POLARIZATION-SENSITIVE ACTPol INSTRUMENT

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) makes high angular resolution measurements of anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at millimeter wavelengths. We describe ACTPol, an upgraded receiver for ACT, which uses feedhorn-coupled, polarization-sensitive detector arrays, a 3° field of view, 100 mK cryogenics with continuous cooling, and meta material antireflection coatings. ACTPol comprises three arrays with separate cryogenic optics: two arrays at a central frequency of 148 GHz and one array operating simultaneously at both 97 GHz and 148 GHz. The combined instrument sensitivity, angular resolution, and sky coverage are optimized for measuring angular power spectra, clusters via the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) and kinetic SZ signals, and CMB lensing due to large-scale structure. The receiver was commissioned with its first 148 GHz array in 2013, observed with both 148 GHz arrays in 2014, and has recently completed its first full season of operations with the full suite of three arrays. This paper provides an overview of the design and initial performance of the receiver and related systems.
Oxidative Degradation of Atropine Drug by Permanganate Ion in Perchloric and Sulfuric Acid Solutions: A Comparative Kinetic Study

The kinetics of oxidations of atropine (ATR) by permanganate ion in both perchloric and sulfuric acid solutions was studied using spectrophotometric technique at a constant ionic strength of 1.2 moldm -3 and at 25°C. In both acids, the reactions showed a first order dependence with respect to [permanganate], whereas the orders with respect to [ATR] and [H + ] were found to be less than unity. The effect of acid concentration suggests that the reactions were acid-catalyzed. Variation of either ionic strength or dielectric constant of the medium had no effect significantly on the oxidation rates. The reactions mechanism adequately describing the kinetic results was proposed. In both acids, the main oxidation products of atropine were identified by spectral and chemical analyses as tropine and phenylmalonic acid. Under comparable experimental conditions, the oxidation rate of atropine in sulfuric acid was approximately three times higher than that in perchloric acid. The reactions constants involved in the different steps of the reactions mechanism have been evaluated. With admiration to the rate-limiting step of these reactions, the activation parameters have been evaluated and discussed.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASTITIS AGENTS AND SOMATIC CELL COUNT IN FOREMILK SAMPLES

The purpose of the study was to determine the microorganism species dependently on somatic cell count (SCC) in foremilk (inflammatory secretion) samples. Bacteriological examinations of 18 713 samples taken from clinically and subclinically (CMT positive) inflamed quarters were performed according to standard methods. Above 13% of the samples originated from quarters previously treated with antibiotics, and 75% of them were free from infection. Milk samples with SCC lower than 200 000 were mostly (59.6%) culture negative. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staph. aureus and Streptococcus sp. were mostly noted in samples with 200 000-2 000 000 of SCC/ml. Samples having more than 2 million/ml of SCC were infected mainly with CAMP-negative and CAMP-positive streptococci and Gramnegative bacilli. The highest SCC (≥10 mln/ml) in foremilk samples were associated with intramammary infections by Arcanobacterium pyogenes (95.5%), Streptococcus agalactiae (57.6%) and Gram-negative organisms (46.5%). Very high SCC (≥5mln/ml) was connected with infections caused by Prototheca sp. (64.5%), Yeast-like fungi (60.2%) and Streptococcus sp. (55.1%). Staph. aureus (76.2%), CNS (84.2%), Gram-positive bacilli (72.4%) and Corynebacterium sp. (83.2%) caused an increase in SCC that was smaller than 5 mln/ml.
Fundamental drivers for endolithic microbial community assemblies in the hyperarid Atacama Desert

In hyperarid deserts, endolithic microbial communities colonize the rocks' interior as a survival strategy. Yet, the composition of these communities and the drivers promoting their assembly are still poorly understood. We analysed the diversity and community composition of endoliths from four different lithic substrates - calcite, gypsum, ignimbrite and granite - collected in the hyperarid zone of the Atacama Desert, Chile. By combining microscopy, mineralogy, spectroscopy and high throughput sequencing, we found these communities to be highly specific to their lithic substrate, although they were all dominated by the same four main phyla, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria. Our finding indicates a fine scale diversification of the microbial reservoir driven by substrate properties. The data suggest that the overall rock chemistry and the light transmission properties of the substrates are not essential drivers of community structure and composition. Instead, we propose that the architecture of the rock, i.e., the space available for colonization and its physical structure, linked to water retention capabilities, is ultimately the driver of community diversity and composition at the dry limit of life.
Change in skeletal muscle stiffness after running competition is dependent on both running distance and recovery time: a pilot study

Long-distance running competitions impose a large amount of mechanical loading and strain leading to muscle edema and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Damage to various muscle fibers, metabolic impairments and fatigue have been linked to explain how DOMS impairs muscle function. Disruptions of muscle fiber during DOMS exacerbated by exercise have been shown to change muscle mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to quantify changes in mechanical properties of different muscles in the thigh and lower leg as function of running distance and time after competition. A custom implementation of Focused Comb-Push Ultrasound Shear Elastography (F-CUSE) method was used to evaluate shear modulus in runners before and after a race. Twenty-two healthy individuals (age: 23 ± 5 years) were recruited using convenience sampling and split into three race categories: short distance (nine subjects, 3–5 miles), middle distance (10 subjects, 10–13 miles), and long distance (three subjects, 26+ miles). Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) measurements were taken on both legs of each subject on the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), soleus, lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG), biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. For statistical analyses, a linear mixed model was used, with recovery time and running distance as fixed variables, while shear modulus was used as the dependent variable. Recovery time had a significant effect on the soleus (p = 0.05), while running distance had considerable effect on the biceps femoris (p = 0.02), vastus lateralis (p < 0.01) and semitendinosus muscles (p = 0.02). Sixty-seven percent of muscles exhibited a decreasing stiffness trend from before competition to immediately after competition. The preliminary results suggest that SWE could potentially be used to quantify changes of muscle mechanical properties as a way for measuring recovery procedures for runners.
The role of the general dental practitioner in managing the oral care of head and neck oncology patients.

UNLABELLED The general dental practitioner (GDP) plays a critical role in managing head and neck cancer patients. The first and most important role is to offer preventive services, particularly to smokers and to patients who drink alcohol to excess. It is of critical importance that every patient has a systematic examination of oral soft tissues when seen by a GDP. All patients with suspicious lesions should be referred for urgent attention to a specialist centre. Once oral cancer has been diagnosed, GDPs may be presented with patients requiring urgent dentistry, including extractions before commencement of treatment, requiring palliation of symptoms during treatment, or requiring general dentistry after treatment. Radiotherapy provides increased survival but has serious adverse consequences, which may be lifelong, including dry mouth, radiation caries, limitation of mouth opening and high risk of osteonecrosis after extractions. Extraction of teeth in irradiated bone should be referred to specialist centres. Improving survival rates and an ageing population mean that GDPs will see many more survivors of head and neck cancer in the future, with an increased burden of dental care in the longer-term and an increased need for monitoring and secondary prevention. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The management of patients with head and neck cancer is complex and involves a multi-disciplinary team, both in the primary treatment but also in the long-term care. This paper reviews the consequences of treatment for head and neck cancer and gives practical advice for GDPs and their team in the long-term care of these patients.
Restoration of Shellfishing Waters in a Tidal Creek Following Limited Dredging

A moderately-developed tidal creek feeding the U.S. Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway was closed to shellfishing for a number of years because of high fecal coliform counts. An investigation was unable to determine an anthropogenic source for the contamination. Because dung piles and other wild animal signs were concentrated in the most affected area of the creek animals were assumed to be a major source of the coliform pollution. Over the years a sandbar had accumulated across the mouth of the creek, impeding flow into the creek. A coalition consisting of a concerned citizen's group, local government, and university scientists obtained permits to conduct limited creek-mouth dredging to improve flushing and increase salinity in polluted areas. Following dredging, fecal coliform counts decreased 35 to 60% creek-wide, with greatest decreases in stations midway up the creek. Nitrate concentrations decreased significantly and turbidity increased significantly at two creek stations. A continuous monitor located midway up the creek recorded higher salinities and less intertidal salinity variability following dredging than before dredging. The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries reopened the creek to shellfishing a year after dredging. While dredging proved to lower fecal coliform counts to acceptable levels, it did not remove the source of contamination; rather, it alleviated the symptoms.
AN EXTENDED FLOWERING AND FRUITING SEASON HAS FEW DEMOGRAPHIC EFFECTS IN A MEDITERRANEAN PERENNIAL HERB

The Mediterranean perennial herb Lobularia maritima shows an exceptionally extended flowering and fruiting that lasts for 10 months, from early September to late June. We hypothesized that such an extended phenology may be a flexible mechanism that enhances population persistence in variable Mediterranean environments, as fecundity in one part of the season could compensate for reproductive failure in another part of the season. We predicted that (1) fecundities throughout the year would significantly contribute to mean population growth rate λ, (2) negative covariances among fecundities in different periods of the year would reduce variance in population growth rate, and (3) extended flowering and fruiting would enhance long-term stochastic population growth rates. We used a periodic matrix model to describe the demography of a L. maritima population over five years, in which each year was divided into six periods of two months each. Population growth rates varied from a low of 0.25 to a high of 4.81 ove.
Three-year postoperative outcomes between MIS and conventional TLIF in1-segment lumbar disc herniation

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes between minimally invasive (MIS) and conventional transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in treating one-segment lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Material and methods: One-hundred and six patients treated by MIS-TLIF (50 cases) or conventional TLIF (56 cases) were included. Perioperative results were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiologic parameters were based on a comparison of preoperative and three-year postoperative lumbar lordosis, segmental lordosis, sacral slope, the cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscle and fusion rates. Results: MIS TILF had significantly less blood, shorter operation time, mean return to work time and lower intramuscular pressure compared with the conventional group during the operation. VAS scores for lower back pain and ODI in MIS-TLIF were significantly decreased. The mean cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscle was significantly decreased after surgery in the conventional TLIF group and no significant intragroup differences were established in the MIS-TLIF group. No significant differences were found in fusion rate, lumbar lordosis, segmental lordosis and sacral slope. Conclusions: Both MIS and conventional TLIF were beneficial for patients with LDH. However, MIS-TLIF manifests a great improvement in perioperative outcomes, low back pain, disability and preventing paraspinal muscle atrophy during the follow-up period observation.
Cytochrome P450 Organization and Function Are Modulated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Phospholipid Heterogeneity

Cytochrome P450s (P450s) comprise a superfamily of proteins that catalyze numerous monooxygenase reactions in animals, plants, and bacteria. In eukaryotic organisms, these proteins not only carry out reactions necessary for the metabolism of endogenous compounds, but they are also important in the oxidation of exogenous drugs and other foreign compounds. Eukaryotic P450 system proteins generally reside in membranes, primarily the endoplasmic reticulum or the mitochondrial membrane. These membranes provide a scaffold for the P450 system proteins that facilitate interactions with their redox partners as well as other P450s. This review focuses on the ability of specific lipid components to influence P450 activities, as well as the role of the membrane in P450 function. These studies have shown that P450s and NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase appear to selectively associate with specific phospholipids and that these lipid–protein interactions influence P450 activities. Finally, because of the heterogeneous nature of the endoplasmic reticulum as well as other biologic membranes, the phospholipids are not arranged randomly but associate to generate lipid microdomains. Together, these characteristics can affect P450 function by 1) altering the conformation of the proteins, 2) influencing the P450 interactions with their redox partners, and 3) affecting the localization of the proteins into specific membrane microdomains.
The Automated Detection of Racist Discourse in Dutch Social Media

We present two experiments on the automated detection of racist discourse in Dutch social media. In both experiments, multiple classifiers are trained on the same training set. This training set consists of Dutch posts retrieved from two public Belgian social media pages which are likely to attract racist reactions. The posts were labeled as racist or non-racist by multiple annotators, who reached an acceptable agreement score. The different classification models all use the Support Vector Machine algorithm, but use different (sets of) linguistic features, which can be lexical, stylistic or dictionary-based. In the first experiment, the models are evaluated on a test set containing unseen comments retrieved from the same pages as the training set (and thus also skewed towards racism). In the second experiment, the same models from Experiment 1 are tested on an alternative test set, containing more neutral comments, retrieved from the social media page of a Belgian newspaper. In both experiments, the best performing model relies on a dictionary containing different word categories specifically related to racist discourse. It reaches an F-score of 0.47 (exp. 1) and 0.40 (exp. 2) for the racist class and ROC Area Under Curve scores of 0.64 (exp. 1) and 0.73 (exp. 2). The dictionaries, code, and the procedure for requesting the corpus are available at: https://github.com/clips/hades
The Ontogeny and Population Variability of Human Hepatic NADPH Dehydrogenase Quinone Oxido-Reductase 1 (NQO1)

The NADPH dehydrogenase quinone oxido-reductase 1 (NQO1) enzyme is an antioxidant and metabolic enzyme that performs two electron reduction of quinones and other chemicals. Based on the physiologic role(s) of NQO1, we hypothesized that expression and activity of this enzyme would vary with age and other demographic variables. Cytosols from 117 archived human livers were investigated for changes in NQO1 with age, sex, obesity, and ethnicity. Protein expression but not activity of NQO1 was weakly negatively correlated with age (Spearman r = -0.2, P = 0.03). No sex differences were observed for either protein expression or activity and for ethnicity; Caucasians had greater NQO1 activity than Asians (P < 0.05). Overweight children had statistically significantly higher NQO1 activity as compared with ideal weight children (P < 0.05) although this difference was not observed in adults. These findings establish that NQO1 is approximately as active in children as adults. However, modeled NQO1 clearance (both allometric and physiologically based pharmacokinetics) predicted maturation at 23 to 26 years. This is almost certainly an overestimate, with error in the model resulting from a small sample size and inability to scale for age-related changes in hepatic cellularity and/or cytosolic protein content, and indicates a delay in reaching maximum clearance through the NQO1 pathway that is affected by physiologic development as much, or more than, biochemical development. Obesity may increase hepatic NQO1 activity in children, which is likely a protective mechanism in oxidative stress, but may also have significant implications for drug and chemical disposition in obese children.
Assessment of genotoxicity and genomic instability in rat primary astrocytes exposed to 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation and chemicals

Abstract Purpose: We examined genotoxicity, co-genotoxicity and induced genomic instability (IGI) in primary astrocytes exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Materials and methods: Rat primary astrocytes were exposed to 872 MHz GSM-modulated or continuous wave (CW) RF radiation at specific absorption rates of 0.6 or 6.0 W/kg for 24 h. Menadione (MQ) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; only in genotoxicity experiments) were used as co-exposures. Alkaline Comet assay and flow cytometric micronucleus scoring were used to detect genetic damage. Results: No IGI was observed from RF radiation alone or combined treatment with MQ. RF radiation alone was not genotoxic. RF radiation combined with chemical exposure showed some statistically significant differences: increased DNA damage at 6.0 W/kg but decreased DNA damage at 0.6 W/kg in cells exposed to GSM-modulated RF radiation and MQ, and increased micronucleus frequency in cells exposed to CW RF radiation at 0.6 W/kg and MMS. Conclusions: Exposure to GSM modulated RF radiation at levels up to 6.0 W/kg did not induce or enhance genomic instability in rat primary astrocytes. Lack of genotoxicity from RF radiation alone was convincingly shown in multiple experiments. Co-genotoxicity of RF radiation and genotoxic chemicals was not consistently supported by the results.