Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The O(N) model on a squashed S 3 and the Klebanov-Polyakov correspondence

We solve the O(N) vector model at large N on a squashed three-sphere with a conformal mass term. Using the Klebanov-Polyakov version of the AdS4/CFT3 correspondence we match various aspects of the strongly coupled theory with the physics of the bulk AdS Taub-NUT and AdS Taub-Bolt geometries. Remarkably, we find that the field theory reproduces the behaviour of the bulk free energy as a function of the squashing parameter. The O(N) model is realised in a symmetric phase for all finite values of the coupling and squashing parameter, including when the boundary scalar curvature is negative.
Biochemical Characterization and Membrane Topology of Alg2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Bifunctional α1,3- and 1,6-Mannosyltransferase Involved in Lipid-linked Oligosaccharide Biosynthesis*

N-Linked glycosylation involves the ordered, stepwise synthesis of the unique lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor Glc3Man9 GlcNAc2-PP-Dol on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), catalyzed by a series of glycosyltransferases. Here we characterize Alg2 as a bifunctional enzyme that is required for both the transfer of the α1,3- and the α1,6-mannose-linked residue from GDP-mannose to Man1GlcNAc2-PP-Dol forming the Man3GlcNAc2-PP-Dol intermediate on the cytosolic side of the ER. Alg2 has a calculated mass of 58 kDa and is predicted to contain four transmembrane-spanning helices, two at the N terminus and two at the C terminus. Contradictory to topology predictions, we prove that only the two N-terminal domains fulfill this criterion, whereas the C-terminal hydrophobic sequences contribute to ER localization in a nontransmembrane manner. Surprisingly, none of the four domains is essential for transferase activity because truncated Alg2 variants can exert their function as long as Alg2 is associated with the ER by either its N- or C-terminal hydrophobic regions. By site-directed mutagenesis we demonstrate that an EX7E motif, conserved in a variety of glycosyltransferases, is not important for Alg2 function in vivo and in vitro. Instead, we identify a conserved lysine residue, Lys230, as being essential for activity, which could be involved in the binding of the phosphate of the glycosyl donor.
Developmental Programming: Impact of Excess Prenatal Testosterone on Intrauterine Fetal Endocrine Milieu and Growth in Sheep1

Prenatal testosterone excess in sheep leads to reproductive and metabolic disruptions that mimic those seen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Comparison of prenatal testosterone-treated sheep with prenatal dihydrotestosterone-treated sheep suggests facilitation of defects by androgenic as well as androgen-independent effects of testosterone. We hypothesized that the disruptive impact of prenatal testosterone on adult pathology may partially depend on its conversion to estrogen and consequent changes in maternal and fetal endocrine environments. Pregnant Suffolk sheep were administered either cottonseed oil (control) or testosterone propionate in cottonseed oil (100 mg, i.m. twice weekly), from Day 30 to Day 90 of gestation (term is ∼147 d). Maternal (uterine) and fetal (umbilical) arterial samples were collected at Days 64–66, 87–90, and 139–140 (range; referred to as D65, D90, and D140, respectively) of gestation. Concentrations of gonadal and metabolic hormones, as well as differentiation factors, were measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer, radioimmunoassay, or ELISA. Findings indicate that testosterone treatment produced maternal and fetal testosterone levels comparable to adult males and D65 control male fetuses, respectively. Testosterone treatment increased fetal estradiol and estrone levels during the treatment period in both sexes, supportive of placental aromatization of testosterone. These steroidal changes were followed by a reduction in maternal estradiol levels at term, a reduction in activin A availability, and induction of intrauterine growth restriction in D140 female fetuses. Overall, our findings provide the first direct evidence in support of the potential for both androgenic as well as estrogenic contribution in the development of adult reproductive and metabolic pathology in prenatal testosterone-treated sheep.
A non-canonical mechanism for Crm1-export cargo complex assembly

The transport receptor Crm1 mediates the export of diverse cargos containing leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NESs) through complex formation with RanGTP. To ensure efficient cargo release in the cytoplasm, NESs have evolved to display low affinity for Crm1. However, mechanisms that overcome low affinity to assemble Crm1-export complexes in the nucleus remain poorly understood. In this study, we reveal a new type of RanGTP-binding protein, Slx9, which facilitates Crm1 recruitment to the 40S pre-ribosome-associated NES-containing adaptor Rio2. In vitro, Slx9 binds Rio2 and RanGTP, forming a complex. This complex directly loads Crm1, unveiling a non-canonical stepwise mechanism to assemble a Crm1-export complex. A mutation in Slx9 that impairs Crm1-export complex assembly inhibits 40S pre-ribosome export. Thus, Slx9 functions as a scaffold to optimally present RanGTP and the NES to Crm1, therefore, triggering 40S pre-ribosome export. This mechanism could represent one solution to the paradox of weak binding events underlying rapid Crm1-mediated export. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.05745. 001
Facilitators and barriers to help-seeking for breast and cervical cancer symptoms: a qualitative study with an ethnically diverse sample in London

Earlier diagnosis of cancer has become a policy priority. There is evidence that minority ethnic groups are more likely to delay help‐seeking for cancer symptoms, but few studies have explored reasons for delay in these groups. The present study explored facilitators and barriers to help‐seeking for breast and cervical cancer in an ethnically diverse sample of women.
The Novice as Expert: Writing the Freshman Year

Why do some students prosper as college writers, moving forward with their writing, while others lose interest? In this essay we explore some of the paradoxes of writing development by focusing on the central role the freshman year plays in this development. We argue that students who make the greatest gains as writers throughout college (1) initially accept their status as novices and (2) see in writing a larger purpose than fulfilling an assignment. Based on the evidence of our longitudinal study, we conclude that the story of the freshman year is not one of dramatic changes on paper; it is the story of changes within the writers themselves.
Temporal-order judgment of visual and auditory stimuli: modulations in situations with and without stimulus discrimination

Temporal-order judgment (TOJ) tasks are an important paradigm to investigate processing times of information in different modalities. There are a lot of studies on how temporal order decisions can be influenced by stimuli characteristics. However, so far it has not been investigated whether the addition of a choice reaction time (RT) task has an influence on TOJ. Moreover, it is not known when during processing the decision about the temporal order of two stimuli is made. We investigated the first of these two questions by comparing a regular TOJ task with a dual task (DT). In both tasks, we manipulated different processing stages to investigate whether the manipulations have an influence on TOJ and to determine thereby the time of processing at which the decision about temporal order is made. The results show that the addition of a choice RT task does have an influence on the TOJ, but the influence seems to be linked to the kind of manipulation of the processing stages that is used. The results of the manipulations indicate that the temporal order decision in the DT paradigm is made after perceptual processing of the stimuli.
Design Optimization of Single-/Dual-Band FET LNAs Using Noise Transformation Matrix

This paper describes the design optimization of single- and dual-band inductively source degenerated field-effect transistor low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) using an analytical formula of noise parameters derived through a noise transformation matrix. The dual-band LNA design can be directly expanded from the single-band LNA design using a noise transformation matrix. The derived noise formulas of LNAs reveal that a simultaneous noise and input match (SNIM) can be obtained at a single frequency for a single-band LNA. For a concurrent dual-band LNA, the simultaneous noise match cannot be achieved at two different operating frequencies and thus a balanced design in noise performance is developed using a noise transformation matrix. This paper demonstrates a 5-GHz single-band and a 2.4/5-GHz concurrent dual-band two-stage single-voltage-supply LNA using 0.15- μm depletion-mode pseudomorphic HEMT technology to verify design methodology. The inductively source-degenerated common-source amplifier is applied at the input stage. The 5-GHz common-source common-drain (CS-CD) LNA shows 1.4-dB noise figure (NF) with an SNIM. Moreover, the 2.4/5-GHz CS-CD concurrent dual-band LNA has a balanced noise performance of 2.2-dB NF at 2.4 GHz and 2.0-dB NF at 5 GHz, respectively.
Rationale of Cruciate Retaining Design in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of Clinical Analysis and its Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Over the years, proponents of total knee designs (cruciate retaining and posterior stabilised) have conducted several long-term studies to claim the potential of these designs in several subsets of patients. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has also been one such domain where numerous studies were conducted in the past. A general perception among majority of arthroplasty surgeons is that, posterior stabilised (PS) is the implanted design of choice among patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, with the available literature there is a significant disparity related to the selection of implants in patients with rheumatoid RA. In this review of literature, an attempt is made to identify the clinical performance and role of one such implant design, the cruciate retaining (CR) prosthesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The review was conducted after a series of advanced search in the following medical databases; Pub med, Biomed central, Cochrane and Google scholar for articles related to long term follow up studies of cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis using the keywords cruciate retaining prosthesis, total knee arthroplasty, rheumatoid arthritis. Results: The available data demonstrate that the CR design is attributed with an excellent long term survivorship and functional outcome even in follow up studies up to twenty-five years. Conclusion: The advantages of using a CR design are long term survivorship, controlled femoral roll back and preservation of bone stock. Thus, the data gathered in this review lead to a consideration that the CR design is an implant design on par with PS design in patients with RA.
Atomizer: a dynamic atomicity checker for multithreaded programs

Summary form only given. Ensuring the correctness of multithreaded programs is difficult, due to the potential for unexpected interactions between concurrent threads. We focus on the fundamental noninterference property of atomicity and present a dynamic analysis for detecting atomicity violations. This analysis combines ideas from both Lipton 's theory of reduction and earlier dynamic race detectors such as Eraser. Experimental results demonstrate that this dynamic atomicity analysis is effective for detecting errors due to unintended interactions between threads. In addition, the majority of methods in our benchmarks are atomic, supporting our hypothesis that atomicity is a standard methodology in multithreaded programming.
The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression: INDIVIDUAL FACTORS AND VIOLENCE

conduct disorder, aggression and hyperactivity, represents a major factors lead to antisocial and violent behavior more strongly, and sometimes only, T. Vazsonyi, ed. , & I. D. Waldman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of violent behavior. The authors are grateful to Michael Lamb, Rolf Loeber, John Archer, and Aaron Sell for their insightful comments on earlier drafts of this chapter, and to members. While the granulation of violence and aggression is useful, for the purposes here, violence is Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in The Cambridge handbook of violent behaviour and aggression.
Confusion in the Ranks: IT Service Management Practice and Terminology

Abstract The Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) movement is gaining adopters throughout the world, expanding from the 2005 ratification of International Standards Organization (ISO) ISO/IEC 20000. However, this concept grew out of older frameworks such as Britain's IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and U.S. service level management (SLM). To further confuse the landscape, there are also related terms such as business service management (BSM), the Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (CobiT), and IT governance. There is a lack of descriptive academic literature currently published, which has mainly focused on prescriptive pieces. This paper gives a background on the several contributing frameworks mentioned above, and reports on a survey U.S. IT managers to determine the extent of understanding of these terms and frameworks. The findings indicate that ITSM adoption and knowledge may be lower than some studies have indicated. There is also conceptual confusion about what constitutes ITSM, with conflation of terms and practices.
Quinidine Syncope: Paroxysmal Ventricular Fibrillation Occurring during Treatment of Chronic Atrial Arrhythmias

QUINIDINE occupies an almost unique place in the therapy of cardiac arrhythmias. In the 45-odd years of its clinical use only very few drugs possessing similar pharmacologic properties have been found, but none could match quinidine in its broad therapeutic applications. Consequently, the knowledge concerning its clinical use and toxicity is of considerable importance, for patients who tolerate this drug poorly or are hypersensitive to it may face the prospect of inability to have normal cardiac rhythm restored or maintained. The pharmacology and toxicology of quinidine have been the subject of several reviews,'5 but certain aspects of it are still poorly understood. The purpose of this communication is to focus attention on syncopal attacks occurring during quinidine therapy and apparently related to paroxysms of ventricular flutter or fibrillation. Until very recently such ventricular arrhythmias have been considered a very rare manifestation of quinidine toxicity,5 yet they may well be occurring quite frequently, unrecognized, in the course of quinidine therapy.
Wheeze sound analysis using computer-based techniques: a systematic review

Abstract Wheezes are high pitched continuous respiratory acoustic sounds which are produced as a result of airway obstruction. Computer-based analyses of wheeze signals have been extensively used for parametric analysis, spectral analysis, identification of airway obstruction, feature extraction and diseases or pathology classification. While this area is currently an active field of research, the available literature has not yet been reviewed. This systematic review identified articles describing wheeze analyses using computer-based techniques on the SCOPUS, IEEE Xplore, ACM, PubMed and Springer and Elsevier electronic databases. After a set of selection criteria was applied, 41 articles were selected for detailed analysis. The findings reveal that 1) computerized wheeze analysis can be used for the identification of disease severity level or pathology, 2) further research is required to achieve acceptable rates of identification on the degree of airway obstruction with normal breathing, 3) analysis using combinations of features and on subgroups of the respiratory cycle has provided a pathway to classify various diseases or pathology that stem from airway obstruction.
Soil CO2 respiration: Comparison of chemical titration, CO2 IRGA analysis and the Solvita gel system

Abstract The measurement of soil carbon dioxide respiration is a means to gauge biological soil fertility. Test methods for respiration employed in the laboratory vary somewhat, and to date the equipment and labor required have somewhat limited more widespread adoption of such methodologies. The purpose of this research is to compare the results of measured soil CO2 respiration using three methods: (1) titration method; (2) infrared gas analysis (IRGA); and (3) the Solvita gel system for soil CO2 analysis. We acquired 36 soil samples from across the USA for comparison, which ranged in pH from 4.5 to 8.5, organic C from 0.8 to 4.6% and the clay content from 6 to 62%. All three methods were highly correlated with each other after 24-h of incubation (titration and Solvita r2=0.82, respirometer and Solvita r2=0.79 and titration versus respirometer r2=0.95). The 24-h (1-day) CO2 release from all three methods was also highly correlated to both basal soil respiration (7–28 days) and cumulative 28-day CO2 respiration. An additional 24 soil samples were acquired and added to the original 36, for a total of 60 soil samples. These samples were used for calibration of the Solvita gel digital color reader results using CO2-titration results and regression analysis. Regression analysis resulted in the equation y=20.6∗(Solvita number)−16.5 with an r2 of 0.83. The data suggest that the Solvita gel system for soil CO2 analysis could be a simple and easily used method to quantify soil microbial activity. Applications may also exist for the gel system for in situ measurements in surface gas chambers. Once standardized soil sampling and laboratory analysis protocols are established, the Solvita method could be easily adapted to commercial soil testing labs as an index of soil microbial activity.
3D Global Simulation of the Interaction of Interplanetary Shocks with the Magnetosphere

Using the recently developed PPMLR‐MHD code, we present 3D global simulation of the interaction of the interplanetary(IP) shock with the magnetosphere with emphasis on the the effect of shock orientation. We investigate its impact on the sudden commencement(SC) of geomagnetic storms and the magnetospheric responses. Generally speaking, a highly oblique shock causes asymmetric compression of the magnetosphere with respect to the noon‐midnight meridian, and requires more time to compress the forward part of the magnetosphere, which producing longer rise time of SC. Even if the solar wind dynamic pressure changed similarly at a solar wind monitor, the responses of the magnetosphere could vary depending on the orientation of the causative IP shock. The effect of the shock orientation is of great help to understand space weather processes.
Clinical importance and representation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile cultivated from stool samples of hospitalized patients

The aim of this study was to fortify the clinical importance and representation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from stool samples of hospitalized patients. This survey included 80 hospitalized patients with diarrhea and positive findings of Clostridium difficile in stool samples, and 100 hospitalized patients with formed stool as a control group. Bacteriological examination of a stool samples was conducted using standard microbiological methods. Stool sample were inoculated directly on nutrient media for bacterial cultivation (blood agar using 5% sheep blood, Endo agar, selective Salmonella Shigella agar, Selenite-F broth, CIN agar and Skirrow’s medium), and to selective cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar (CCFA) (Biomedics, Parg qe tehnicologico, Madrid, Spain) for isolation of Clostridium difficile. Clostridium difficile toxin was detected by ELISA-ridascreen Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B (R-Biopharm AG, Germany) and ColorPAC ToxinA test (Becton Dickinson, USA). Examination of stool specimens for the presence of parasites (causing diarrhea) was done using standard methods (conventional microscopy), commercial concentration test Paraprep S Gold kit (Dia Mondial, France) and RIDA®QUICK Cryptosporidium/Giardia Combi test (R-Biopharm AG, Germany). Examination of stool specimens for the presence of fungi (causing diarrhea) was performed by standard methods. All stool samples positive for Clostridium difficile were tested for Rota, Noro, Astro and Adeno viruses by ELISA – ridascreen (R-Biopharm AG, Germany). In this research we isolated 99 Clostridium difficile strains from 116 stool samples of 80 hospitalized patients with diarrhea. The 53 (66.25%) of patients with diarrhea were positive for toxins A and B, one (1.25%) were positive for only toxin B. Non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from samples of 26 (32.5%) patients. However, other pathogenic microorganisms of intestinal tract cultivated from samples of 16 patients. Examination of cultivated colonies revealed that most of cultivated species belonged to genera of Campylobacter spp. , Salmonella spp. , and Candida spp. In control group, toxigenic Clostridium difficile cultivated from stool samples of two patients (2%) and non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile from samples of five patients (5%). This research confirmed clinical importance of toxigenic Clostridium difficile found in liquid stool samples of hospitalized patient, and the possibility of asymptomatic carriage in 2% of patients with formed stool.
Benchmarking B-Cell Epitope Prediction for the Design of Peptide-Based Vaccines: Problems and Prospects

To better support the design of peptide-based vaccines, refinement of methods to predict B-cell epitopes necessitates meaningful benchmarking against empirical data on the cross-reactivity of polyclonal antipeptide antibodies with proteins, such that the positive data reflect functionally relevant cross-reactivity (which is consistent with antibody-mediated change in protein function) and the negative data reflect genuine absence of cross-reactivity (rather than apparent absence of cross-reactivity due to artifactual masking of B-cell epitopes in immunoassays). These data are heterogeneous in view of multiple factors that complicate B-cell epitope prediction, notably physicochemical factors that define key structural differences between immunizing peptides and their cognate proteins (e.g., unmatched electrical charges along the peptide-protein sequence alignments). If the data are partitioned with respect to these factors, iterative parallel benchmarking against the resulting subsets of data provides a basis for systematically identifying and addressing the limitations of methods for B-cell epitope prediction as applied to vaccine design.
A Low-Power Switched-Capacitor Capacitive Transducer With High Resolution

A new capacitive transducer using a pseudodifferential-input-single-ended output topology for low- power portable applications is presented. This is based on a switched-capacitor chopper-stabilized pseudodifferential integrator structure that is cascaded with a chopper-stabilized differential difference amplifier, consisting of a single output and a bandpass AC output. The measured results have shown that the transducer integrated circuit, with a sampling rate of 64 kHz in a 0.6-mum CMOS technology, dissipates 820 muA at a 3.3-V supply and exhibits a low noise characteristic. For a 100-Hz bandwidth, the input-referred minimum detectable capacitances are 57.24 and 33.82 aF with reference to the single output and the bandpass output, respectively.