Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Styles, Qualities, and Sexual Behavior in Young People's Romantic Relationships: A Longitudinal Examination of Within-person and Between-person Effects

The prevalence of early sexual behavior places many youth at risk for unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. The purpose of this study is to examine the interplay among romantic styles, relationship qualities, and sexual behavior at both the within-person and between-person levels. Frequencies of light nongenital, heavy nongenital, and genital sexual behavior were examined as well as risky sexual behavior. 200 young people from a community sample were assessed at six time points from ages 15 through 21. Avoidant styles were associated with less frequent sexual behavior at both withinand between-person levels, and with more risky sexual behavior at the between-person level. Support and more frequent sexual behavior were significantly associated at the within-person level, and gender moderated associations between support and sexual behavior at the between-person level. Participants who reported more negative interactions in comparison with their peers reported more frequent and more risky sexual behavior. Only avoidant styles exhibited a similar pattern of between-person and within-person associations with sexual behavior, suggesting that styles and qualities may operate at either or both levels depending on the construct in question. Associations among styles, qualities and sexual behavior may also depend on how sexual behavior is measured.
The cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal changes accompanying acute starvation in men and women

The effect of fasting for 12, 36 and 72 h was studied in twenty-nine healthy subjects (seventeen women and twelve men). Measurements were made of cardiovascular variables, metabolic rate, respiratory exchange ratio, plasma metabolites, insulin, thyroid hormones and catecholamines. During starvation there were no significant changes in blood pressure, whilst heart rate (beatslmin) increased at 36 h and remained elevated after 72 h (12 h 625 (SE 1.8), 36 h 68.0 (SE 1.9), 72 h 69 2 (SE 1.8); P< 0.001). Forearm blood flow (FBF), increased progressively from 3.32 (SE 0.20) to 6.21 (SE 0.46) m1/100 ml per min (P < 0.001). Resting metabolic rate (kJ/min) was significantly increased after 36 h of starvation (12 h 4 60 (SE 0.14), 36 h 4 88 (SE 0.13), P < 0.001), but was not significantly different from the 12 h value after 72 h (72 h 4.72 (SE 0.15) P = 0.06). The respiratory exchange ratio fell progressively from 0.80 to 076 to 0.72 (P < 0.001). Blood glucose fell, whilst plasma glycerol and β-hydroxybutyrate rose and plasma lactate did not change. Plasma insulin and free triiodothyronine fell during starvation. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were unchanged at 36 h, but were significantly increased after 72 h. Both sexes showed a similar pattern of response to starvation, although absolute values of blood pressure, forearm blood flow, metabolic rate and plasma catecholamines were higher in men than women. Acute starvation produces profound cardiovascular and metabolic changes which are not explained by the accompanying hormonal changes.
Customer Loyalty, Repurchase and Satisfaction: A Meta-Analytical Review

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between customer loyalty, repurchase/repurchase intent and satisfaction in order to attempt to resolve the mixed views on these concepts. A quantitative review of loyalty-repurchasesatisfaction constructs was conducted to identify the strength and direction of the researched relationships and the influence of possible moderating factors affecting those relationships. The Hunter and Schmidt (1990) meta-analytical technique and software were employed. The results demonstrate that loyalty and satisfaction indicate strong positive relationships (0.54). Repurchase and satisfaction display a complicated relationship, which confirmed the view that satisfaction does not explain repurchase behavior. Repurchase intent and satisfaction display strong positive relationships in the meta-analysis (0.63) and moderator analyses. Loyalty and repurchase/repurchase intent indicate the strongest positive relationship (0.71) among all conducted analyses. This study provides value to managers dealing with customer satisfaction, loyalty, and repurchase by presenting a detailed overview of these three concepts, and relationships between them.
Effect of carbonate chemistry manipulations on calcification, respiration, and excretion of a Mediterranean pteropod

Abstract. Although shelled pteropods are expected to be particularly sensitive to ocean acidification, the few available studies have mostly focused on polar species and have not allowed determining which parameter of the carbonate system controls their calcification. Specimens of the temperate Mediterranean species Creseis acicula were maintained under seven different conditions of the carbonate chemistry, obtained by manipulating pH and total alkalinity, with the goal to disentangle the effects of the pH and the saturation state with respect to aragonite (Ωa). Our results tend to show that respiration, excretion as well as rates of net and gross calcification were not directly affected by a decrease in pH but decreased significantly with a decrease in Ωa. Due to the difficulties in maintaining pteropods in the laboratory and the important variability in their abundances in our study site, long-term acclimation as well as replication of the experiment was not possible. However, we strongly believe that these results represent an important step in the mechanistic understanding of the effect of ocean acidification on pteropods physiology.
Joint sensor placement and power rating selection in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks

In this paper, the focus is on optimal sensor placement and power rating selection for parameter estimation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We take into account the amount of energy harvested by the sensing nodes, communication link quality, and the observation accuracy at the sensor level. In particular, the aim is to reconstruct the estimation parameter with minimum error at a fusion center under a system budget constraint. To achieve this goal, a subset of sensing locations is selected from a large pool of candidate sensing locations. Furthermore, the type of sensor to be placed at those locations is selected from a given set of sensor types (e.g., sensors with different power ratings). We further investigate whether it is better to install a large number of cheap sensors, a few expensive sensors or a combination of different sensor types at the optimal locations.
Performance Assessment of a Warm Asphalt Binder in the Presence of Water by Using Surface Free Energy Concepts and Nanoscale Techniques

AbstractWarm mix asphalt (WMA) has been gaining attention in the past few years because it offers several advantages over traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA) during production and placement. The advantages include: (1) reduced energy consumption; (2) reduced emissions; (3) reduced binder aging; and (4) extended construction season in temperate climates. Moisture damage in a compacted HMA/WMA mixture can be defined as the separation of the asphalt binder from the surface of the aggregate in the presence of water. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the effects of water on the adhesion and cohesion forces in three asphalt binders (one HMA, two WMA) using four different cantilever tips with different materials. AFM is a microscope that can be used to makes high quality three-dimensional images for smooth and level surfaces. The asphalt binders were the HMA PG 70-22 binder; PG 70-22 mixed with a proprietary Sasol wax at 4% by weight to make a WMA binder; and PG 70-22 with a prop.
Why Classroom Climate Matters for Children High in Anxious Solitude: A Study of Differential Susceptibility

The goal of the current study was to examine the complex links among anxious solitude, classroom climate, engagement, achievement, and gender. In particular, drawing upon the differential susceptibility hypothesis (Belsky, 1997), we investigated if children high in anxious solitude were particularly sensitive and responsive to the classroom environment. Participants were N = 712 children in Grade 3, drawn from the National Institute of Child and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development data set. Classroom climate and engagement were assessed using the Classroom Observation Scale (NICHD, 1998). Teachers completed the Teacher Report Form (Achenbach, 1991) as a measure of anxious solitude and the Academic Rating Scale (NICHD, 2010) as a measure of achievement. Hypothesized associations among variables were tested by way of a moderated-mediation model. Among the results, engagement was found to mediate the relation between classroom climate and achievement. In addition, anxious solitude and gender were found to moderate the relation between classroom climate and engagement. Support for the differential susceptibility hypothesis was found, suggesting that children high in anxious solitude may be more reactive (both positively and negatively) to elements of the classroom environment. In addition, gender differences were observed, indicating that boys may be more responsive to the classroom environment as compared with girls. Implications for future research and educational policies are discussed.
Surface-charge-induced orientation of interfacial water suppresses heterogeneous ice nucleation on α -alumina (0001)

Abstract. Surface charge is one of the surface properties of atmospheric aerosols, which has been linked to heterogeneous ice nucleation and hence cloud formation, microphysics, and optical properties. Despite the importance of surface charge for ice nucleation, many questions remain on the molecular-level mechanisms at work. Here, we combine droplet-freezing assay studies with vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to correlate interfacial water structure to surface nucleation strength. We study immersion freezing of aqueous solutions of various pHs on the atmospherically relevant aluminum oxide α-Al2O3 (0001) surface using an isolated droplet on the surface. The high-pH solutions freeze at temperatures higher than that of the low-pH solution, while the neutral pH has the highest freezing temperature. On the molecular level, the SFG spectrum of the interfacial water changes substantially upon freezing. At all pHs, crystallization leads to a reduction of intensity of the 3400 cm−1 water resonance, while the 3200 cm−1 intensity drops for low pH but increases for neutral and high pHs. We find that charge-induced surface templating suppresses nucleation, irrespective of the sign of the surface charge. Heterogeneous nucleation is most efficient for the nominally neutral surface.
UV-irradiated mushrooms, enriched in vitamin D2, may improve vitamin D status in individuals with low but not high vitamin D status: new data from an ODIN systematic review and meta-analysis

There is a considerable mismatch between current intakes of vitamin D by many European populations and recommended target intakes for the vitamin [1]. While traditional fortification of milk and other dairy products remains important in tackling inadequate intake, additional strategic approaches to fortification, including biofortification, of a wider range of foods, have the potential to increase vitamin D intakes in the population [2]. Mushrooms are very rich in ergosterol, the principal sterol in fungi, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight naturally induces the conversion to ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) in a process resembling the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3 in humans. While wild mushrooms can naturally contain high concentrations of vitamin D2, the vitamin D2 content of cultivated mushrooms is very low because they are cultivated indoors without the benefit of UV light [3]. Artificial UV light technology offers potential to enhance the vitamin D2 content of commercial mushrooms and such UV-treated mushrooms are already on the market in Europe.
Movements of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Atlantic Forest remnants in southern Brazil

We used mark and recapture techniques to evaluate movements of bats within and between three brazilian forest remnants. We captured bats with mist-nets in four 1 ha plots representing different degrees of isolation of riparian (two plots) and submontane (two plots) forests between July 2002 and June 2003. Using numbered aluminium tags, we marked 635 bats of seven species and 54 individuals of six species were recaptured. Overall, we recaptured Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) (short-tailed fruit bat) most frequently, especially in plots where they were banded in the riparian forest plots. These results suggest that this bat has restricted feeding areas, which are probably determined by the abundance of Piper Linnaeus (Piperaceae), its preferred food item. In contrast, species of the genus Artibeus Leach, 1821 exhibited few recaptures, suggesting high mobility and larger feeding areas. In fact Artibeus seems to use more of the forest remnants in their search for food, especially Ficus Linnaeus (Moraceae), the preferred food of this bat. Our results suggest that even small forest isolates are valuable for the maintenance of some bat species because they offer many of the resources they need or because they are spatially distributed in a pattern that allows use of the entire landscape.
Influence of dental resin material composition on cross-polarization-optical coherence tomography imaging

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate cross-polarization-optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) signal attenuation through different resin material compositions. Four distinct composite systems were used: Filtek supreme ultra (FSU) (3M ESPE), IPS empress direct (EMD) (Ivoclar Vivadent), estelite sigma quick (SQK) (Tokuyama Dental), and Z100 (3M ESPE). Cross-sectional images of different composite-demineralized phantoms (n=108) were collected using a 1310-nm intraoral cross-polarization swept source OCT (CP-OCT) imaging system. %T quantified the CP-OCT signal attenuation. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer chemical analysis was utilized to determine how different matrix/filler compositions affected attenuation of the near infrared (NIR) signal. CP-OCT imaging of dental resin composites showed enormous variation in signal attenuation. For each of our composite systems, there was not a consistent attenuation difference in the NIR signal for A to D shades. The four composites had similar measured backscattering values but attenuated the overall signal to different degrees. When comparing the A2 shades between the four different composite systems, the order of highest to lowest of %T was EMD>Z100, FSU>SQK (ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.0001). As a result, we demonstrate the importance of understanding how the constituents of composite materials affect CP-OCT signal attenuation.
Permeability Versus Depth in the Upper Oceanic Crust' In Situ Measurements in DSDP Hole 504B, Eastern Equatorial Pacific

In situ permeabilities measured within the upper kilometer of oceanic crust in hole 504B on the south flank of the Costa Rica Rift decrease exponentially from 10−13 to 10−14 m2 in layer 2A (the upper 150 m) to 10−15 to 10−17 m2 in layer 2B (150–550 m into basement), and to 10−17 m2 and lower in layer 2C (deeper than 550 m). We estimate the permeability (k) versus depth (z) to vary as k(z) = 0.11e(−z/50) × 10−12 m2. If this permeability versus depth function is representative of the oceanic crust in general, then hydrothermal convection would be vertically stratified, with the most vigorous circulation confined to the shallowest pillow basalt layers of the crust. The use of a full suite of geophysical logs (including borehole televiewer imagery; multichannel, full waveform sonic; nuclear; and variable spacing electrical resistivity logs) allows the characterization of the scale and interconnectedness of fractures, and the degree of infilling of these fractures by alteration minerals. At hole 504B, we observe a relationship between permeability and fracture porosity, determined from the geophysical logs. If fractures with similar aspect ratios are encountered at other oceanic sites, then prediction of the permeability of the oceanic crust to within an order of magnitude is possible from geophysical logs. At hole 395A in the Atlantic, for example, in situ permeability measurements yielded values similar to those predicted by the logging relationships established at hole 504B.
Executive control deficits as a prodrome to falls in healthy older adults: a prospective study linking thinking, walking, and falling.

BACKGROUND Executive function (EF) deficits may increase fall risk, even among older adults with no overt cognitive impairment. Indeed, the effects of dual tasking (DT) on gait, a challenge to executive control, are more exaggerated in persons with a history of falls. Prospective evidence is, however, lacking. METHODS We prospectively evaluated whether EF predicts falls over a 2-year period among 262 community-living, healthy, and well-functioning older adults, focusing on the 201 who reported no falls during the previous year. At baseline, participants completed a computerized cognitive battery that generated an index of EF and other cognitive domains. Gait was assessed using performance-based tests and by quantifying walking during single- and dual-task conditions. RESULTS The 262 participants (mean age: 76.3 ± 4.3 years, 60.3% women) had intact cognitive function on testing, a low comorbidity index, and good mobility. The EF index predicted future falls. Among those who reported no previous falls, participants in the worst EF quartile were three times more likely to fall during the 2 years of follow-up, and they were more likely to transition from nonfaller to faller sooner. DT gait variability also predicted future falls and multiple falls, whereas other measures of cognitive function, gait, and mobility did not. CONCLUSIONS Among healthy older adults, individuals with poorer EF are more prone to falls. Higher-level cognitive functions such as those regulated by the frontal lobes are apparently needed for safe everyday navigation that demands multitasking. Optimal screening, early detection, and treatment of falls should, apparently, also target this cognitive domain.
Aircraft Observations of the Marine Boundary Layer Adjustment near Point Arguello, California

AbstractNortherly winds set up by synoptic conditions are persistent in the marine boundary layer (MBL) off the California coast from late spring through summer. Wind, pressure, and MBL height are modulated as the low-level flow impinges on the points and capes along the California coast. The Precision Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Experiment was conducted in May and June of 2012 with the primary goal to directly measure the dynamics responsible for the wind field near Point Arguello and Point Conception. Detailed measurements of the horizontal pressure field within the MBL were made using the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft. Airborne measurements made during cases of strong northerly wind show an abrupt adjustment of the MBL near Point Arguello, including a modulation of the horizontal pressure gradient force and a near collapse of the MBL. Airborne lidar measurements complement measurements of the horizontal pressure field and help to elucidate the large changes in the MBL height in.
Financial Markets and Genetic Variation

We investigate the extent to which a country’s degree of genetic variation contributes to the observed variation in financial market activity across countries. We postulate that genetic variation can affect financial markets through its impact on aggregate investment behavior, innovation in the financial sector, and productivity. Our country-level, cross-sectional analysis reveals a significant hump-shaped relation between a country’s predicted genetic variation and the size of its financial markets. This result is consistent with the conjecture that at relatively intermediate degrees of genetic variation, the associated intermediate levels of trust and risk-taking within the country result in the largest investment flows into public financial markets. Our results are robust to different measres of financial market size, several regression specifications, and the inclusion of a broad range of controls such as legal origin, institutional characteristics, culture, natural endowment, and trade openness. Our main findings appear to be restricted specifically to equity markets (vs. debt markets) where there is relatively more uncertainty and, thus, trust and risk-taking are relatively more important. Additional analysis suggests that better overall country-level governance can moderate the role that genetic variation plays in shaping equity market size.
From air quality to climate: Impact of aerosol sources on optical properties at urban, regional and continental levels in the north-western Mediterranean

Further research is needed to reduce the existing uncertainties on the effect that specific aerosol sources have on radiative forcing, thus supporting the assessment of future mitigation strategies which should be focused on both air quality and climate, and not acting separately. This study presents a new approach aimed at quantifying the mass scattering and absorption efficiencies (MSE and MAE) of different aerosol sources at urban (Barcelona-BCN), regional (Montseny-MSY) and remote (Montsec-MSA) background sites in the northwestern (NW) Mediterranean. An analysis of source apportionment to the measured scattering and absorption coefficients was performed by means of a multilinear regression (MLR) model during 2010–2014 at BCN and MSY and during 2011–2014 at MSA. The source contributions to PM 10 mass, identified by means of the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, were used as dependent variables in the MLR model in order to take into account the internal mixing state of atmospheric aerosols. Seven aerosol sources were obtained at MSA and MSY and 8 sources at BCN. Mineral , Aged marine , Ammonium sulfate , Ammonium nitrate and V-Ni bearing sources were common at the three sites. Traffic , Industrial/metallurgy and Road-resuspension were isolated at BCN, whereas Industrial/Traffic and Aged organics were solely identified at MSY and MSA. The highest MSE were found for Ammonium sulfate (4.5 and 10.7 m 2 g −1 ), Ammonium nitrate (8.8 and 7.8 m 2 g −1 ) and V-Ni (8 and 3.5 m 2 g −1 ) at MSY and MSA respectively, dominating the scattering throughout the year with marked seasonal trends. V-Ni bearing , originated mainly from shipping emissions, simultaneously contributed to both scattering and absorption being the second most efficient absorptive source in BCN (0.9 m 2 g −1 ). The Traffic source at BCN and the equivalent Industrial/Traffic at MSY and MSA mainly governed the light absorption and exhibited the highest MAE (1.7, 0.9 and 0.2 m 2 g −1 , respectively). Sources predominantly composed by fine and relatively dark particles such as Industrial/Traffic , Aged organics and V-Ni were simultaneously characterized with low single scattering albedo (SSA) and high scattering Angstrom exponent (SAE). Conversely, Mineral and Aged marine showed the highest SAE and the lowest SSA, being scattering the dominant process in the light extinction. The good agreement between modeled and measured optical properties allowed for the reconstruction of scattering, absorption and SSA time series by means of the PMF-MLR technique for the period 2004–2014 at MSY. Significant decreasing trends were found for the modeled scattering and absorption (−4.6 and −4.1 % y −1 ) coefficients. Interestingly, the observed reduction in the SSA (−0.11 % y −1 ) might suggests a less effectiveness of the air quality strategies focused on reducing pollutants containing black carbon (BC) particles, which highly contribute to light absorption and thus climate warming.