Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HLA-DRB1*07:01 is associated with a higher risk of asparaginase allergies.

Asparaginase is a therapeutic enzyme used to treat leukemia and lymphoma, with immune responses resulting in suboptimal drug exposure and a greater risk of relapse. To elucidate whether there is a genetic component to the mechanism of asparaginase-induced immune responses, we imputed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in patients of European ancestry enrolled on leukemia trials at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (n = 541) and the Children's Oncology Group (n = 1329). We identified a higher incidence of hypersensitivity and anti-asparaginase antibodies in patients with HLA-DRB1*07:01 alleles (P = 7.5 × 10(-5), odds ratio [OR] = 1.64; P = 1.4 × 10(-5), OR = 2.92, respectively). Structural analysis revealed that high-risk amino acids were located within the binding pocket of the HLA protein, possibly affecting the interaction between asparaginase epitopes and the HLA-DRB1 protein. Using a sequence-based consensus approach, we predicted the binding affinity of HLA-DRB1 alleles for asparaginase epitopes, and patients whose HLA genetics predicted high-affinity binding had more allergy (P = 3.3 × 10(-4), OR = 1.38). Our results suggest a mechanism of allergy whereby HLA-DRB1 alleles that confer high-affinity binding to asparaginase epitopes lead to a higher frequency of reactions. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00137111, NCT00549848, NCT00005603, and NCT00075725.
Effects of passive smoking on heart rate variability, heart rate and blood pressure: an observational study.

BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases and death, and autonomic dysfunction (specifically, reduced heart rate variability (HRV)) is a predictor of increased cardiac risk. This study tests the hypothesis that ETS exposure reduces HRV in the general population and discusses possible pathways. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2001 and 2003 and is part of the SAPALDIA (Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults) study. The analysis included 1218 randomly selected non-smokers aged 50 and above who participated in 24-h electrocardiogram recordings. Other examinations included an interview, investigating health status (especially respiratory and cardiovascular health and health relevant behaviours and exposure to ETS) and measurements of blood pressure, body height and weight. RESULTS Subjects exposed to ETS at home or at work for more than 2 h/day had a difference of -15% in total power (95%CI: -26 to -3%), low frequency power (-28 to -1%), low/high frequency ratio (-26 to -3%) and -18% (-29 to -4%) in ultralow frequency power of HRV compared with subjects not exposed to ETS at home or work. We also found a 2.7% (-0.01 to 5.34%) higher heart rate during the recording in exposed subjects. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ETS at home and work is associated with lower HRV and with higher heart rate in an ageing population. Our findings suggest that exposure to ETS increases cardiac risk through disturbances in the autonomic nervous system.
Temperature Effects on the Development and Reproduction of Three Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Species Reared on Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs

The cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a generalist species and an important pest of Brassicaceae worldwide. Egg parasitoids are a feasible alternative for the control of this species. We evaluated the suitability of T. ni eggs as hosts for three Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species and their tolerance to survive and develop within a range of temperatures between 15 and 30°C under laboratory conditions. The species evaluated were Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman and Platner, and Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares. Parasitism rate was affected by temperature, parasitoid species, and by the interaction between these two factors. Parasitoids developed and reproduced in the range of temperatures evaluated, but Trichog. acacioi failed to parasitize T. ni eggs at 30°C. The highest parasitism rates of Trichog. atopovirilia and Trichog. pretiosum occurred at 20 and 25°C and Trichog. acacioi at 25°C, with parasitism rate above 70% in the three species. Parasitoid emergence was not affected by temperature or species. The estimated thermal constant and lower temperature threshold were 134.6 DD and 10.6°C for Trichog. pretiosum and 130.1 DD and 11.2°C for Trichog. atopovirilia. The results demonstrated that Trichog. pretiosum and Trichog. atopovirilia are the most suitable species for the control of T. ni, as they can remain active throughout the year in subtropical regions.
Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment in the presence of wavelength conversion for all-optical networks

Blocking probability has been one of the key performance indexes in the design of wavelength-routed all-optical WDM networks. Existing research has demonstrated that an effective Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) algorithm and wavelength conversion are two primary vehicles for improving the blocking performance. However, these two issues have largely been investigated separately; in particular the existing RWA algorithms have seldom considered the presence of wavelength conversion. In this paper, we firstly demonstrate that the existing dynamic RWA algorithms do not work well in the presence of wavelength conversion as they usually only take into account the current traffic, and do not explicitly consider the route lengths. We then propose a weighted least-congestion routing and first-fit wavelength assignment (WLCR-FF) algorithm that considers both the current traffic load and the route lengths jointly. We further introduce an analytical model that can evaluate the blocking performance for WLCR algorithm. We carry out extensive numerical studies over typical topologies including ring, mesh-torus, and the 14-node NSFNET; and compare the performance of WLCR-FF with a wide variety of existing routing algorithms including static routing, fixed-alternate routing and least-loaded routing. The results conclusively demonstrate that the proposed WLCR-FF algorithm can achieve much better blocking performance in the presence of sparse or/and full wavelength conversion.
REGULATION OF THE CELL SURFACE EXPRESSION OF HUMAN BCRP/ABCG2 BY THE PHOSPHORYLATION STATE OF AKT IN POLARIZED CELLS

Human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is believed to act as an efflux pump to protect the body from drugs and toxins. BCRP is known to accept many kinds of endogenous and exogenous compounds as substrates and to be localized on the apical membrane of various tissues. Expression of BCRP is also reported on the side population cells, and a recent report suggested involvement of Akt in the modulation of the side population phenotype. In the present study, we have characterized the effect of Akt on the polarized expression of BCRP using LLC-PK1 cells. After treatment with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, internalization of stably transfected BCRP from the apical surface was observed after immunohistochemical staining, and the relative expression level of BCRP on the cell surface decreased to 49 ± 14 and 51 ± 8% of the control for LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride] and wortmannin treatment, respectively. This phenomenon was supported by the observation of internalized BCRP in presence of dominant negative-Akt. When the cells were treated with epidermal growth factor, the cell surface expression of BCRP was increased to 228 ± 43% of the control accompanied by Akt stimulation. These results suggest that the relative expression of BCRP on the cell surface is regulated by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway with a positive correlation in polarized cells. Alteration in Akt activities may influence the cellular extrusion of BCRP substrates by modifying epithelial BCRP localization.
Neural Simpletrons - Minimalistic Probabilistic Networks for Learning With Few Labels

Deep learning is intensively studied from both the perspectives of unsupervised and supervised learning approaches. The combination of the two learning schemes is typically done using separate algorithms, often resulting in complex and heterogeneous systems that are equipped with large numbers of tunable parameters. In this work we study the potential of a tighter integration of unsupervised and supervised learning, and empirically highlight the model complexity vs. performance tradeoff. We aim at defining the most minimalistic system that learns from labeled and unlabeled data. First we derive neural update and learning rules based on an hierarchical Poisson mixture model for classification. The network is then scaled using standard deep learning techniques. We use the task of learning from data with few labels as a natural task in between unsupervised and supervised approaches. In quantitative evaluations on standard benchmarks, we find that a tighter integration of unsupervised and supervised learning results in very competitive performance for the minimalistic approach studied here. Furthermore, the used monolithic learning is amongst the least complex of all competitive approaches (lowest numbers of tunable parameters). Finally, in the limit of very few labels, we demonstrate applicability where other competitive systems have not been reported to operate, so far. In general, our study argues in favor of a stronger focus and integration of unsupervised learning in order to simplify and improve the capabilities of current deep learning approaches.
Long‐term mixed full‐donor chimerism with dominance reversion after a double‐unit cord blood transplant

To the Editor: Previous reports have documented that recipients of double-unit cord blood transplants (CBT) were eventually engrafted with only one of the two units after 4 months (1–6). We found long-term mixed full-donor chimerism (DC) and dominance reversion (DR) during regular follow-up for more than 16 months after doubleunit CBT in a 15-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B cell type with 47, XY, +13 diagnosed in 2003). Complete remission was achieved by induction, consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy. As no human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling or unrelated donor was available, a double-unit CBT (with a HLA 2-loci mismatch between donors and patient) was performed 16 months after initial diagnosis. The conditioning regimen was busulfan (4 mg ⁄kg ⁄day, day -7 to day -4), cyclophosphamide (60 mg ⁄kg ⁄day, day -3, day -2) and anti-thymocyte globulin (Fresenius, Gräfelfing, Germany; 15 mg ⁄kg ⁄day, day -2 to day 0). The characteristics of the patient and the cord blood (CB) are presented in Table 1. No information about T-cells in these two infused CB units was available. Cyclosporine and methotrexate were administered for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (300 lg ⁄day; Kirin, Tokyo, Japan) and Neumega (50 lg ⁄kg ⁄day; Wyeth, Madison, NJ, USA) were given from day 1 until neutrophil engraftment on day 35 and platelet engraftment on day 59 after CBT, respectively. Cord blood B (CB-B) cells were predominant in bone marrow since day 21 (Fig. 1). Full DC was achieved on day 35. The fraction of CB-B cells declined gradually from day 28 after CBT. Each of the two units contributed almost equally to the level of chimerism until day 170. Cord blood A (CB-A) cells began to predominate from day 253 and by day 479, cells were 70% of CB-A origin and 30% of CB-B origin. Barker et al. (2) assessed transplantation of two units of partially HLA-matched CBT in 23 patients with Figure 1 Engraftment kinetics analysed by the serial chimerism of recipient, cord blood A and cord blood B after double units of cord blood transplants (CBT). Mixed full-donor chimerism was detected until latest follow-up (479 days after CBT) and the dominance reversion was identified since day 133 after CBT with over-riding predominance since day 253 after CBT.
A simple decision task in a social context: Experiments, a model, and preliminary analyses of behavioral data

To investigate the influence of input from fellow group members in a constrained decision-making context, we consider a game in which subjects freely select one of two options (A or B), and are informed of the reward resulting from that choice following each trial. Rewards are computed based on the fraction x of past A choices by two functions fA(x), fB(x) (unknown to the subject) which intersect at a matching point x¿ that does not generally represent globally optimal behavior. Playing individually, subjects typically remain close to the matching point, although some discover the optimum. We investigate the effects of additional feedback regarding the choices and reward scores of other players. We generalize a drift-diffusion model, commonly used to model individual decision making, to incorporate feedback from other players, study the resulting coupled stochastic differential equations, and compare the distributions of choices that they predict with those produced by a pool of subjects playing in groups of five without feedback and with feedback on other players¿ choices.
Mid-level Elements for Object Detection

Building on the success of recent discriminative mid-level elements, we propose a surprisingly simple approach for object detection which performs comparable to the current state-of-the-art approaches on PASCAL VOC comp-3 detection challenge (no external data). Through extensive experiments and ablation analysis, we show how our approach effectively improves upon the HOG-based pipelines by adding an intermediate mid-level representation for the task of object detection. This representation is easily interpretable and allows us to visualize what our object detector "sees". We also discuss the insights our approach shares with CNN-based methods, such as sharing representation between categories helps.
PEER VICTIMIZATION AND REJECTION SENSITIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: THE ROLE OF DAILY EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING WITH PEERS

While both peer victimization and rejection sensitivity are associated with a greater risk for depressive symptoms among adolescents (Bond et al., 2001; Marston et al., 2010), not all adolescents who have social difficulties develop depression. This study examined affective experiences with peers as possible moderators of the associations between victimization or rejection sensitivity and depression. Participants were adolescents ages 10-17 years, 29 of whom were currently experiencing a Major Depressive Episode at the time of the study and 31 of whom were age- and gender-matched controls with no lifetime history of Axis I psychopathology. A three-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol was used to assess daily affective responding in peer contexts. Negative affect, positive affect, and feelings of closeness and connectedness with peers were tested as possible moderators of the associations between victimization or rejection sensitivity and 1) depressive symptoms or 2) Major Depressive Disorder diagnosis. Additionally, group differences in peer victimization, rejection sensitivity, and affective responding in peer contexts were also examined. The study makes several contributions to the field: 1) finding differences in reports of peer victimization and rejection sensitivity for youth with MDD versus healthy controls, 2) finding consistent associations between peer victimization or rejection sensitivity and both depressive symptoms and MDD diagnostic status, 3) finding differences in intensity of negative affect experienced during interactions with peers for youth with MDD versus healthy controls, and 4) identifying unique associations between NA during peer interactions and depression, beyond the effects of rejection sensitivity or peer victimization. Also, exploratory analyses indicated that victimization, rejection sensitivity, and negative affect were also associated with anxiety symptoms across both groups and with anxiety disorder comorbidity among youth with MDD. Results suggest that adverse peer experiences, such as peer victimization, social-cognitive factors (e.g., rejection sensitivity), and negative emotional experiences in peer contexts are important factors in adolescent depression and anxiety and should be targets for further research and intervention.
The antioxidant effects of dry apricot in the various tissues of rats with induced cold restraint stress

α-Tocopherol and β-carotene are the best known and most widely used natural antioxidant substances. Apricot contains β-carotene, tocopherols and flavonoids. This experimental study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Malatya kabashi apricot in stress-induced injury in various tissues of rats. In total, 32 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, apricot, stress and apricot-stress groups. Apricot was administrated to rats by gavage for 10 days in the apricot and apricot-stress groups. Then rats were kept at 4°C for 4 h in stress and apricot-stress groups. The rats were killed at the end of the experiment for biochemical and histological examinations. This study shows apricot supplementation decreased oxidative stress injury in both the stomach and intestine.
CLASSICAL HODGKIN AND REED‐STERNBERG CELLS DEMONSTRATE A NON‐CLONAL IMMATURE B LYMPHOID LINEAGE: EVIDENCE FROM A SINGLE CELL ASSAY AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (H & RS) cells are generally considered to be the neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease (HD), however such cells are only found in a minority of the lesions. Recently in a few studies on HD, the clonality of H & RS cells was examined, using a single‐cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination. To clarify the lineage and clonality of H & RS cells, we performed single cell PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH), and nine cases of classical HD were thus studied. By ISH, the immunoglobulin J chain, and the |gk and |gl light chain were rarely expressed in the H & RS cells, however, no T‐cell markers could be detected. The expression of the recombination activating genes (RAG‐1, 2) could be determined in the H & RS cells. We isolated CD30+ H & RS cells, CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells from suspended materials using a mechanical sorter. We performed single cell PCR in a sorted individual cell, to amplify the complementarity determining region of the Ig heavy chain (IgH) gene and T‐cell receptor γ chain (TCR γ) gene. In all cases, TCR γ could be frequently amplified in the T cells, but was only rarely amplified in the H & RS and B cells. In contrast, the IgH was frequently amplified in the H & RS and B cells, but not in the T cells. In addition, the PCR production of the H & RS cells all showed different lengths. The results therefore support the polyclonal nature and immature B lymphoid cell origin of H & RS cells.
Suicide among German Federal and State Police Officers

Most American studies report higher police officer suicide rates in comparison to age-matched populations. In the Federal Republic of Germany police organizations are comprised of Federal Customs, 16 state police, and 2 federal police organizations. A survey carried out in 1997 yielded higher suicide rates for police officers also in Germany in comparison to rates of the comparable age group (25 per 100,000 vs 20 per 100,000). The most commonly used suicide method was firearms (66–71%). Hypotheses often attribute this high suicidality among police officers to higher work stress than in other professions. Other hypotheses implicate individual variables such as psychiatric illnesses, alcoholism, and interpersonal and marital problems. A transactional model might explain these different views.
HCG-Activated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) Promote Trophoblast Cell Invasion

Successful embryo implantation and placentation depend on appropriate trophoblast invasion into the maternal endometrial stroma. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is one of the earliest embryo-derived secreted signals in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that abundantly expresses hCG receptors. The aims of this study were to estimate the effect of human embryo–secreted hCG on PBMC function and investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of activated PBMC in trophoblast invasion. Blood samples were collected from women undergoing benign gynecological surgery during the mid-secretory phase. PBMC were isolated and stimulated with or without hCG for 0 or 24 h. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expressions in PBMC were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The JAR cell line served as a model for trophoblast cells and was divided into four groups: control, hCG only, PBMC only, and PBMC with hCG. JAR cell invasive and proliferative abilities were detected by trans-well and CCK8 assays and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 expressions in JAR cells were detected by western blotting and real-time PCR analysis. We found that hCG can remarkably promote IL-1β and LIF promotion in PBMC after 24-h culture. PBMC activated by hCG significantly increased the number of invasive JAR cells in an invasion assay without affecting proliferation, and hCG-activated PBMC significantly increased MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF and decreased TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions in JAR cells in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that hCG stimulates cytokine secretion in human PBMC and could stimulate trophoblast invasion.
Microcytic hypochromic anemia in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a diagnostic pitfall.

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare, life-threatening disease of uncertain etiology, characterized by recurrent intra-alveolar hemorrhages and usually afflicting young adults or children(l). Symptoms of lung hemorrhage are often few and atypical(2). Consequently, the condition may go unrecognized for a few years or months, presenting as recurrent iron deficiency anemia with no actual hemoptysis(3). Failure to diagnose and treat the syndrome in early stages could result in progression and eventual respiratory failure because of pulmonary fibrosis(4). This commnunication shares the exprience of three cases of IPH, diagnosed over a two year