Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of statin use during hospitalization for intracerebral hemorrhage on mortality and discharge disposition.

IMPORTANCE Statin use during hospitalization is associated with improved survival and a better discharge disposition among patients with ischemic stroke. It is unclear whether inpatient statin use has a similar effect among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). OBJECTIVE To determine whether inpatient statin use in ICH is associated with improved outcomes and whether the cessation of statin use is associated with worsened outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective cohort study of 3481 patients with ICH admitted to any of 20 hospitals in a large integrated health care delivery system over a 10-year period. Detailed electronic medical and pharmacy records were analyzed to explore the association between inpatient statin use and outcomes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measures were survival to 30 days after ICH and discharge to home or inpatient rehabilitation facility. We used multivariable logistic regression, controlling for demographics, comorbidities, initial severity, and code status. In addition, we used instrumental variable modeling to control for confounding by unmeasured covariates at the individual patient level. RESULTS Among patients hospitalized for ICH, inpatient statin users were more likely than nonusers to be alive 30 days after ICH (odds ratio [OR], 4.25 [95% CI, 3.46-5.23]; P < .001) and were more likely than nonusers to be discharged to their home or an acute rehabilitation facility (OR, 2.57 [95% CI, 2.16-3.06]; P < .001). Patients whose statin therapy was discontinued were less likely than statin users to survive to 30 days (OR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.12-0.21]; P < .001) and were less likely than statin users to be discharged to their home or an acute rehabilitation facility (OR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.20-0.35]; P < .001). Instrumental variable models of local treatment environment (to control for confounding by unmeasured covariates) confirmed that a higher probability of statin therapy was associated with a higher probability of 30-day survival (with an increase in probability of 0.15 [95% CI, 0.04-0.25]; P = .01) and a better chance of being discharged to home or an acute rehabilitation facility (with an increase in probability of 0.13 [95% CI, 0.02-0.24]; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Inpatient statin use is associated with improved outcomes after ICH, and the cessation of statin use is associated with worsened outcomes after ICH. Given the association between statin cessation and substantially worsened outcomes, the risk-benefit balance of discontinuing statin therapy in the acute setting of ICH should be carefully considered.
Modelling Nonstationary Gene Regulatory Processes

An important objective in systems biology is to infer gene regulatory networks from postgenomic data, and dynamic Bayesian networks have been widely applied as a popular tool to this end. The standard approach for nondiscretised data is restricted to a linear model and a homogeneous Markov chain. Recently, various generalisations based on changepoint processes and free allocation mixture models have been proposed. The former aim to relax the homogeneity assumption, whereas the latter are more flexible and, in principle, more adequate for modelling nonlinear processes. In our paper, we compare both paradigms and discuss theoretical shortcomings of the latter approach. We show that a model based on the changepoint process yields systematically better results than the free allocation model when inferring nonstationary gene regulatory processes from simulated gene expression time series. We further cross-compare the performance of both models on three biological systems: macrophages challenged with viral infection, circadian regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana, and morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.
The QARMA Block Cipher Family. Almost MDS Matrices Over Rings With Zero Divisors, Nearly Symmetric Even-Mansour Constructions With Non-Involutory Central Rounds, and Search Heuristics for Low-Latency S-Boxes

This paper introduces QARMA, a new family of lightweight tweakable block ciphers targeted at applications such as memory encryption, the generation of very short tags for hardware-assisted prevention of software exploitation, and the construction of keyed hash functions. QARMA is inspired by reflection ciphers such as PRINCE, to which it adds a tweaking input, and MANTIS. However, QARMA differs from previous reflector constructions in that it is a three-round Even-Mansour scheme instead of a FX-construction, and its middle permutation is non-involutory and keyed . We introduce and analyse a family of Almost MDS matrices defined over a ring with zero divisors that allows us to encode rotations in its operation while maintaining the minimal latency associated to {0, 1}-matrices. The purpose of all these design choices is to harden the cipher against various classes of attacks. We also describe new S-Box search heuristics aimed at minimising the critical path. QARMA exists in 64- and 128-bit block sizes, where block and tweak size are equal, and keys are twice as long as the blocks. We argue that QARMA provides sufficient security margins within the constraints determined by the mentioned applications, while still achieving best-in-class latency. Implementation results on a state-of-the art manufacturing process are reported. Finally, we propose a technique to extend the length of the tweak by using, for instance, a universal hash function, which can also be used to strengthen the security of QARMA.
Potential role of hepatocyte growth factor, a novel angiogenic growth factor, in peripheral arterial disease: downregulation of HGF in response to hypoxia in vascular cells.

BACKGROUND Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a novel angiogenic growth factor, plays an important role in angiogenesis, regulation of local HGF production under hypoxia has not yet been clarified in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC). Thus, we have studied the role of HGF in hypoxia-induced endothelial injury and the regulation of local vascular HGF expression in response to hypoxia. METHODS AND RESULTS HGF attenuated hypoxia-induced endothelial cell death. Importantly, hypoxic treatment of EC resulted in a significant decrease in local HGF production according to the severity of hypoxia and increased VEGF. Similarly, hypoxia significantly decreased in mRNA and protein of HGF and increased VEGF production in VSMC. In organ culture system, local HGF production was also significantly decreased by hypoxia (P<0.01). Downregulation of HGF by hypoxia is due to a significant decrease in cAMP, as hypoxic treatment decreased cAMP, a stimulator of HGF. Although active TGF-beta, a suppressor of HGF, was increased at 72 hours after hypoxic treatment, treatment of anti-TGF-beta antibody did not attenuate decreased HGF production. Finally, rHGF was intra-arterially administered into unilateral hind limb ischemia rabbits, to evaluate in vivo angiogenic activity. Of importance, a single intra-arterial administration of rHGF reduced severe necrosis due to ischemia in rabbit muscle, accompanied by a significant increase in angiographic score (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data demonstrated that hypoxic treatment of vascular cells significantly downregulated HGF production due to decreased cAMP, suggesting their potential roles in the pathophysiology of ischemic diseases. Moreover, administration of rHGF induced therapeutic angiogenesis, accompanied by improvement of necrotic changes in the ischemic hind limb model, as cytokine supplement therapy for peripheral arterial disease.
Gravitational effects on the high energy emission of accreting black holes

Context. We extend the investigation of general relativistic effects on the observed X-ray continuum of Kerr black holes in the context of the light bending model (Miniutti & Fabian 2004). Aims. Assuming a ring-like illuminating source, co-rotating with the underlying accretion disk, we study the shape and normalisation of the primary and disc reflected continuum as well as the dependence of the observed spectrum on the line of sight for various source heights and radii. Methods. These calculations are performed using Monte-Carlo methods to compute the angle dependent reflection spectrum from the disc. The effects of general relativity are illustrated by a comparison with Newtonian and Special Relativity calculations. Results. Relativistic distortions can strongly affect the shape of the reflected spectrum. Light bending can dramatically increase the observable reflected flux and reduce the primary emission. In addition, multiple reflections due to the reflected photons deflected toward the disc can alter significantly the shape of the spectrum above 10 keV. We explore the predicted variations of the observed reflected and primary fluxes with the height and radius of the source. Large variations of the ring radius at constant height can lead to an (unobserved) anti-correlation between primary and reflected flux. In another side, the variability behaviour of several sources can be reproduced if the ring source radius is small (<5 r g ), and its height varies by a large factor. In particular, a non-linear flux-flux relation, similar to that observed in several sources, can be produced. We compare our model with the flux-flux plot of NGC 4051, and find an agreement for low inclination angles (<20°), ring source radius ≤3 r g and a height varying between 0.5 to 10 r g . Regarding the angular distribution of the radiation, we find some important qualitative differences with respect to the Newtonian case. The reflected flux at larger inclination is relatively stronger than in the Newtonian model, the reflection fraction increasing with inclination.
Measuring Income Tax Evasion using Bank Credit: Evidence from Greece∗

We document that in semiformal economies, banks lend to tax-evading individuals based on the bank’s assessment of the individual’s true income. This observation leads to a novel approach to estimate tax evasion. We use microdata on household credit from a Greek bank, and replicate the bank underwriting model to infer the banks estimate of individuals’ true income. We estimate that 43%-45% of self-employed income goes unreported and thus untaxed. For 2009, this implies 28.2 billion euros of unreported income, implying foregone tax revenues of over 11 billion euros or 30% of the deficit. Our method innovation allows for estimating the industry distribution of tax evasion in settings where uncovering the incidence of hidden cash transactions is difficult using other methods. Primary tax-evading industries are professional services – medicine, law, engineering, education, and media. We conclude with evidence that contemplates the importance of institutions, paper trail and political willpower for the persistence of tax evasion. ∗We thank our referees and the editor for many insightful comments and useful suggestions. We are grateful for helpful comments from Loukas Karabarbounis, Amit Seru, Annette Vissing-Jorgensen, Luigi Zingales, our discussants Michelle Hanlon, Elias Papaioannou, Dina Pomeranz, and seminar participants at Chicago Booth, Berkeley Haas, INSEAD, Catholica Lisbon School of Business, London Business School, NOVA School of Business, UBC, LSE, Norwegian School of Economics, Tilburg University, Erasmus University, UNC, UCLA, Copenhagen Business School, Kellogg, MIT Sloan, Cleveland Fed, University of Lausanne, NBER Public Economic meeting, Booth-Deutschebank Symposium, the Political Economy in the Chicago area conference, NBER Corporate Finance Summer Institute and the Western Finance Association meetings. This research was funded in part by the Fama-Miller Center for Research in Finance, the Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship at the University of Chicago, Booth School of Business, and the Goult Faculty Research Endowment. Tsoutsoura gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Charles E. Merrill and the PCL Faculty Research Funds at the University of Chicago, Booth School of Business. This paper was previously circulated under the title: “Tax Evasion Across Industries: Soft Credit Evidence from Greece”.
Plasmid expression and maintenance during long-term starvation-survival of bacteria in well water

Strains of enteric bacteria and pseudomonads containing plasmid R388::Tnl721 (Tpr, Tcr) or pRO101 (Hgr, Tcr) were starved for over 250 days in sterile well water to evaluate effects of starvation-survival on plasmid expression and maintenance. Viable populations dropped to between approximately 0.1 and 1% of the initial populations. Escherichia coli(pRO101) and Pseudomonas cepacia(pRO101) lost both viability and plasmid expression at a lower rate than strains containing R388::Tnl721. Three patterns of host-plasmid interaction were detected: (i) no apparent loss of plasmid expression, (ii) loss of plasmid expression on initial recovery with subsequent expression upon resuscitation, and (iii) loss of capability to produce functional plasmid resistance.
Oblique incidence design of meander-line polarizers for dielectric lens antennas

A method to design planar multilayer meander-line polarizers is given. The proposed procedure is based on transmission line circuit theory and on full-wave unit cell analysis in frequency domain. The hybrid combination of those two techniques paves the way for the polarizer design process and avoids heavy full-wave optimizations. This procedure is originally aimed for polarizers acting on lens antennas and is suitable for plane waves impinging with arbitrary angles on the polarizer. To validate the proposed method, two polarizers have been manufactured in Ka-band, one for normal and one for oblique incidence. Designs, prototypes and measurements made on a complete Ka-band lens antenna subsystem are shown in this paper.
Dietary restriction and aging, 2009

Dietary restriction (DR) is a robust nongenetic, nonpharmacological intervention that is known to increase active and healthy lifespan in a variety of species. Despite a variety of differences in the protocols and the way DR is carried out in different species, conserved relationships are emerging among multiple species. 2009 saw the field of DR mature with important mechanistic insights from multiple species. A report of lifespan extension in rapamycin‐treated mice suggested that the TOR pathway, a conserved mediator of DR in invertebrates, may also be critical to DR effects in mammals. 2009 also saw exciting discoveries related to DR in various organisms including yeast, worms, flies, mice, monkeys and humans. These studies complement each other and together aim to deliver the promise of postponing aging and age‐related diseases by revealing the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of DR. Here, we summarize a few of the reports published in 2009 that we believe provide novel directions and an improved understanding of dietary restriction.
The presence of the past : male violence in the family

Patriarchal contributions to the construction of male violence the contributions of the modern family to male violence the contributions of the modern family to male violence the contributions of male gender construction and reproduction to male violence, female target - the low self-esteem and high emotional dependency nexus what can be done to prevent male violence? conclusions.
Celastrol induces proteasomal degradation of FANCD2 to sensitize lung cancer cells to DNA crosslinking agents

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway plays a key role in interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and maintenance of the genomic stability, while inhibition of this pathway may sensitize cancer cells to DNA ICL agents and ionizing radiation (IR). The active FA core complex acts as an E3 ligase to monoubiquitinate FANCD2, which is a functional readout of an activated FA pathway. In the present study, we aimed to identify FANCD2‐targeting agents, and found that the natural compound celastrol induced degradation of FANCD2 through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. We demonstrated that celastrol downregulated the basal and DNA damaging agent‐induced monoubiquitination of FANCD2, followed by proteolytic degradation of the substrate. Furthermore, celastrol treatment abrogated the G2 checkpoint induced by IR, and enhanced the ICL agent‐induced DNA damage and inhibitory effects on lung cancer cells through depletion of FANCD2. These results indicate that celastrol is a FANCD2 inhibitor that could interfere with the monoubiquitination and protein stability of FANCD2, providing a novel opportunity to develop FA pathway inhibitor and combinational therapy for malignant neoplasms.
Recommendation-Based Trust Management in Body Area Networks for Mobile Healthcare

Wireless body area networks (BAN) has recently emerged as an important enabling technology to support various telehealth applications. Because of its unique application domain, it is critical to ensure the trustworthy and reliable gathering of patient's physiological data. In this paper, a trust management scheme (BAN-Trust) is proposed that does not rely on any encryption technique, and it can be efficiently deployed on commercial off-the-shelf sensor devices. The effectiveness of the BAN-Trust scheme is validated through experiments.
Adaptive Control of a Vibratory Angle Measuring Gyroscope

This paper presents an adaptive control algorithm for realizing a vibratory angle measuring gyroscope so that rotation angle can be directly measured without integration of angular rate, thus eliminating the accumulation of numerical integration errors. The proposed control algorithm uses a trajectory following approach and the reference trajectory is generated by an ideal angle measuring gyroscope driven by the estimate of angular rate and the auxiliary sinusoidal input so that the persistent excitation condition is satisfied. The developed control algorithm can compensate for all types of fabrication imperfections such as coupled damping and stiffness, and mismatched stiffness and un-equal damping term in an on-line fashion. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control algorithm that is capable of directly measuring rotation angle without the integration of angular rate.
The origin of mass

The origin of mass is one of the deepest mysteries in science. Neutrons and protons, which account for almost all visible mass in the Universe, emerged from a primordial plasma through a cataclysmic phase transition microseconds after the Big Bang. However, most mass in the Universe is invisible. The existence of dark matter, which interacts with our world so weakly that it is essentially undetectable, has been established from its galactic-scale gravitational effects. Here we describe results from the first truly physical calculations of the cosmic phase transition and a groundbreaking first-principles investigation into composite dark matter, studies impossible with previous state-of-the-art methods and resources. By inventing a powerful new algorithm, “DSDR,” and implementing it effectively for contemporary supercomputers, we attain excellent strong scaling, perfect weak scaling to the LLNL BlueGene/Q two million cores, sustained speed of 7.2 petaflops, and time-to-solution speedup of more than 200 over the previous state-of-the-art.
The Kupffer Cell Number Affects the Outcome of Living Donor Liver Transplantation from Elderly Donors

Background There have been no previous reports how Kupffer cells affect the outcome of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with an elderly donor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of Kupffer cells on LDLT. Methods A total of 161 adult recipients underwent LDLT. The graft survival, prognostic factors for survival, and graft failure after LDLT were examined between cases with a young donor (<50, n = 112) and an elderly donor (≥50, N = 49). The Kupffer cells, represented by CD68-positive cell in the graft, were examined in the young and elderly donors. Results In a multivariable analysis, a donor older than 50 years, sepsis, and diabetes mellitus were significant predictors of graft failure after LDLT. The CD68 in younger donors was significantly more expressed than that in elderly donors. The group with a less number of CD68-positive cells in the graft had a significantly poor survival in the elderly donor group and prognostic factor for graft failure. Conclusions The worse outcome of LDLT with elderly donors might be related to the lower number of Kupffer cells in the graft, which can lead to impaired recovery of the liver function and may predispose patients to infectious diseases after LDLT.
x11 performance increase, x6.9 endurance enhancement, 93% energy reduction of 3D TSV-integrated hybrid ReRAM/MLC NAND SSDs by data fragmentation suppression

A 3D through-silicon-via (TSV) -integrated hybrid ReRAM/multi-level-cell (MLC) NAND solid-state drives' (SSDs') architecture is proposed for PC, server and smart phone applications. NAND-like interface (I/F) and sector-access overwrite policy are proposed for the ReRAM. Furthermore, intelligent data management algorithms are proposed. The proposed algorithms suppress data fragmentation and excess usage of the MLC NAND by storing hot data in the ReRAM. As a result, 11 times performance increase, 6.9 times endurance enhancement and 93% write energy reduction are achieved compared with the conventional MLC NAND SSD. Both ReRAM write and read latency should be less than 3μs to obtain these improvements. The required endurance for ReRAM is 105. 3D TSV interconnects reduce the energy consumption by 68%.
Quo vadis Open-IX?

The recently launched initiative by the Open-IX Association (OIX) to establish the European-style Internet eXchange Point (IXP)model in the US suggests an intriguing strategy to tackle a problem that some Internet stakeholders in the US consider to be detrimental to their business; i.e., a lack of diversity in available peering opportunities. We examine in this paper the cast of Internet stakeholders that are bound to play a critical role in determining the fate of this Open-IX effort. These include the large content and cloud providers, CDNs, Tier-1 ISPs, the well-established and some of the newer commercial datacenter and colocation companies, and the largest IXPs in Europe. In particular, we comment on these different parties' current attitudes with respect to public and private peering and discuss some of the economic arguments that will ultimately determine whether or not the currently pursued strategy by OIX will succeed in achieving the main OIX-articulated goal -- a more level playing field for private and public peering in the US such that the actual demand and supply for the different peering opportunities will be reflected in the cost structure.
Ekologi politik nelayan

Pendahuluan Ekologi Politik: Perspektif Baru Memandang Perikanan dan Kelautan Bab 1 Menuju Perikanan dan Kelautan Berkelanjutan : Kerangka Paradigmatik Bab 2 Politik Pembangunan Kelautan dan Perikanan : Dari Kabinet Gotong Royong hingga Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu Bab 3 Merespon Isu-isu Kelautan Perikanan Indonesia : Dari Global ke Lokal Bab 4 Desentralisasi Kelautan dan Perikanan : Upaya Meluruskan Ide Dasar dan Merenda Gagasan Bab 5 Membangun Kekuatan Sosial-Politik Nelayan