Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Letter by Landa et al regarding article, "Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, a major regulator of leptin-mediated control of cardiovascular function".

To the Editor: Recently, Belin de Chantemele et al1 reported that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B may be a major player in the leptin-mediated control of arterial blood pressure (ABP) in mice. We invite the authors to consider that the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) system may be involved in this pathway. Leptin effects include increases in sympathetic activity and inhibition of the starvation-induced suppression of thyroid hormones by upregulating preproTRH gene expression. Furthermore, we showed that intracerebroventricular leptin injections induce …
Social inclusion and leadership in education: An evolution of roles and values in the English education system over the last 60 years

This article reviews the changing relationships between education policies and their links to social disadvantage and conceptions of school leadership. The argument is that definitions of leadership evolve as the assumptions underpinning the relationships between society, the economy and education institutions change. The article draws on the case of English education policy developments over the last 60 years, and places debates about school leadership against a set of changing relationships between the state and the institutions of the market. Defining a good school leader very much depends on ideas about the core school functions as well as dominant ideas about how these functions relate the institution of the school to major social and economic structures.
Organizational values, work experiences and satisfactions among managerial and professional women

This study examined the relationship of managerial and professional womens’ perception of organizational values supportive of work‐personal life balance in their workplace and their work experiences, work and non‐work satisfactions and psychological well‐being. Data were collected from 251 women using anonymous questionnaires. Managerial women reporting organizational values more supportive of work‐personal life balance also reported greater job and career satisfaction, less work stress, less intention to quit, greater family satisfaction, fewer psychosomatic symptoms and more positive emotional well‐being. Interestingly, perceptions of organizational values supportive of work‐personal life balance were unrelated to hours and extra‐hours worked and job involvement.
Challenges of research(er) development in university schools of education: a Scottish case

From the 1990s the professional preparation of intending teachers in Scotland moved from monotechnic colleges to seven university schools of education. ‘Universitisation’ (Menter et al. 2006) created new opportunities for the creative adaptation of work cultures to value teaching and research. New appointments are expected to demonstrate research potential and to hold higher degrees. The need to build research capacity in and for teacher education is a recognised international priority and is particularly important given the demographic profile of the UK educational research community (Mills et al. 2006). Through a series of 19 semi-structured interviews in two schools of education located in research intensive universities in Scotland during 2009–10, this research explored: (1) the experiences and tactics of emerging researchers with teacher education roles; and (2) institutional strategies to promote research engagement and development. This small-scale exploratory study identifies diversity within the ‘academic tribes’ of teacher education (Bechler and Trowler 2001; Menter 2011) and suggests that research audits, in combination with political and economic influences on teacher education, may increase the bifurcation of research and teaching, inhibiting possibilities for productive interchange. A recalibration of school–university partnerships is suggested as one strategy to advance research-engaged professional education.
The Virtual Ethnographer: Fieldwork in Distributed Electronic Environments

The venues in which we carry out our fieldwork increasingly intertwine real and virtual activities as participants move materials and interactions online. This change in the nature of the field sites we observe requires an enhancement or even rethinking of traditional methodologies for studying work. This article draws on two studies—one in a distributed corporation and one of an online master's degree program—to outline some of the questions these settings raised and ways in which the ethnographers addressed them in the field. Technology-mediated settings require us to rethink concepts of presence and colocation, just as those we study must rethink them in the course of their own day-to-day interactions.
Assessment of the Contribution of Surface Roughness to Airframe Noise

The generation of sound by turbulent boundary-layer flow at low Mach number over a rough wall is investigated by applying a theoretical model that describes the scattering of the turbulence near field into sound by roughness elements. Attention is focused on the numerical method to approximately quantify the absolute level of far-field radiated roughness noise. Models for the source statistics are obtained by scaling smooth-wall data by the increased skin friction velocity and boundary-layer thickness for a rough surface. Numerical integration is performed to determine the roughness noise, and it reproduces the spectral characteristics of the available empirical formula and experimental data. Experiments are conducted to measure the radiated sound from two rough plates in an open jet. The measured noise spectra of the rough plates are above that of a smooth plate in 1–2.5 kHz frequency and exhibit reasonable agreement with the predicted level. Estimates of the roughness noise for a Boeing 757 sized aircraft wing with idealized levels of surface roughness show that in the high-frequency region the sound radiated from surface roughness may exceed that from the trailing edge, and higher overall sound pressure levels are observed for the roughness noise. The trailing edge noise is also enhanced by surface roughness somewhat. A parametric study indicates that roughness height and roughness density significantly affect the roughness noise with roughness height having the dominant effect. The roughness noise directivity varies with different levels of surface roughness.
Predictors of intentions to leave the ward, the hospital, and the nursing profession: A longitudinal study

The stages preceding and following the intention to withdraw from an organization have not been adequately examined. Data were collected at two time periods from a sample of 146 nurses working in a general hospital located in a large metropolitan area in Israel. Essentially, intention to withdraw from three levels — ward, hospital and profession — were examined. LISREL was used to test alternative longitudinal models for the best fitting set of linkages among variables. The findings supported a progression model of withdrawal intention. According to this conceptualization, a nurse first decides to leave the ward, then the hospital, and, finally, the profession. Theoretical and practical implications of the results were presented.
Cross‐border planning at the U.S.‐Mexico border: An institutional approach

Abstract The general objective of this article is to contribute to the understanding of cross‐border issues from an urban planning perspective. Cross‐border planning in this article is approached as an institution‐building process whose primary emphasis is on the facilitation of collective action with regards to the shared natural, built, and human environments constrained by territorial politics and boundaries of nation‐states. It is argued throughout the paper that the existing institutional framework at the U.S.‐Mexico border has been the result of a “muddling through” process. The existing cross‐border planning institutions are the result of an adjustment process, to a great extent due to challenges to the status quo by border actors and organizations. The main conclusion of the article is that the environment and the uncertainty that this poses for the future is an issue that decision makers have been able to “muddle through” more successfully and should continue doing so by fine‐tuning and supporting existing institutions and continuing the incremental process of institution building.
Long-Term Treatment and Diagnosis of Tetrahydrobiopterin-Responsive Hyperphenylalaninemia with a Mutant Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Gene

A novel therapeutic strategy for phenylketonuria (PKU) has been initiated in Japan. A total of 12 patients who met the criteria for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-responsive hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) with a mutant phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (EC 1.14.16.1) gene were recruited at 12 medical centers in Japan between June 1995 and July 2001. Therapeutic efficacy of BH4 was evaluated in single-dose, four-dose, and 1-wk BH4 loading tests followed by long-term BH4 treatment, and also examined in relation to the PAH gene mutations. The endpoints were determined as the percentage decline in serum phenylalanine from initial values after single-dose (>20%), four-dose (>30%), and 1-wk BH4 (>50%) loading tests. Patients with mild PKU exhibiting decreases in blood phenylalanine concentrations of >20% in the single-dose test also demonstrated decreases of >30% in the four-dose test. The 1-wk test elicited BH4 responsiveness even in patients with poor responses in the shorter tests. Patients with mild HPA, many of whom carry the R241C allele, responded to BH4 administration. No clear correlation was noted between the degree of decrease in serum phenylalanine concentrations in the single- or four-dose tests and specific PAH mutations. The 1-wk test (20 mg/kg of BH4 per day) is the most sensitive test for the diagnosis of BH4-responsive PAH deficiency. Responsiveness apparently depends on mutations in the PAH gene causing mild PKU, such as R241C. BH4 proved to be an effective therapy that may be able to replace or liberalize the phenylalanine-restricted diets for a considerable number of patients with mild PKU.
An Efficient Two-Stage Sparse Representation Method

There are a large number of methods for solving under-determined linear inverse problems. For large-scale optimization problem, many of them have very high time complexity. We propose a new method called two-stage sparse representation (TSSR) to tackle it. We decompose the representing space of signals into two parts”, the measurement dictionary and the sparsifying basis. The dictionary is designed to obey or nearly obey the sub-Gaussian distribution. The signals are then encoded on the dictionary to obtain the training and testing coefficients individually in the first stage. Then, we design the basis based on the training coefficients to approach an identity matrix, and we apply sparse coding to the testing coefficients over the basis in the second stage. We verify that the projection of testing coefficients onto the basis is a good approximation of the original signals onto the representing space. Since the projection is conducted on a much sparser space, the runtime is greatly reduced. For concrete realization, we provide an instance for the proposed TSSR. Experiments on four biometric databases show that TSSR is effective compared to several classical methods for solving linear inverse problem.
Flavonoid Intake and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Male Smokers (Finland)

Extending research on the protective effect of flavonoids in cell culture and animal studies, we examined the association between consumption of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods and development of exocrine pancreatic cancer within the α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. Of the 27,111 healthy male smokers (50-69 years) who completed a self-administered dietary questionnaire at baseline, 306 developed exocrine pancreatic cancer during follow-up (1985-2004; median, 16.1 years). Intakes of total flavonoids, three flavonoid subgroups, seven individual flavonoids, and flavonoid-rich foods were estimated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, flavonoid intake was not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer. However, in stratified analysis, greater total flavonoid intake was associated with decreased pancreatic cancer risk in participants randomized during the trial to placebo (fourth versus first quartile: hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.78; Ptrend = 0.009) and not to supplemental α-tocopherol (50 mg/d) and/or β-carotene (20 mg/d; Pinteraction = 0.002). Similar patterns and significant interactions were observed for flavonols, flavan-3-ols, kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, and epicatechin. Our data suggest that a flavonoid-rich diet may decrease pancreatic cancer risk in male smokers not consuming supplemental α-tocopherol and/or β-carotene. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(3):553–62)
Hamster-Adapted Sin Nombre Virus Causes Disseminated Infection and Efficiently Replicates in Pulmonary Endothelial Cells without Signs of Disease

ABSTRACT To date, a laboratory animal model for the study of Sin Nombre virus (SNV) infection or associated disease has not been described. Unlike infection with Andes virus, which causes lethal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)-like disease in hamsters, SNV infection is short-lived, with no viremia and little dissemination. Here we investigated the effect of passaging SNV in hamsters. We found that a host-adapted SNV achieves prolonged and disseminated infection in hamsters, including efficient replication in pulmonary endothelial cells, albeit without signs of disease.
Using social identities to motivate athletes towards peak performance at the London 2012 Olympic Games: reflecting for Rio 2016

The purpose of the present paper is to illustrate how leaders can create high performance environments. Using Team Great Britain (TeamGB) cycling’s performance director as a case example, we discuss how leaders can develop social identities (i.e. an emotional attachment and sense of belonging) and shape group meanings as mechanisms through which performance excellence can be achieved. We draw on a contemporary theory of leadership derived from organisational and social psychology to explain how leaders can act to strengthen the emotional bonds within their sport group and motivate athletes to embrace specific group meanings. The present paper also reflects on the lessons learnt from London 2012 that could inform leadership practice in preparation for Rio 2016. In particular, the leaders’ role in developing social identities and distinctive group meanings is important to create an environment conducive to optimum performance. In sum, a social identity approach to leadership detailed within the current paper provides a useful framework to help maximise the opportunities that TeamGB gleaned from London 2012 in order to deliver performance excellence again in Rio 2016.
A Social Cognitive Framework for Career Choice Counseling

This article extends social cognitive career theory by suggesting how several of its major hypotheses can be applied to counseling persons with career choice difficulties. Several theory-derived counseling strategies are described that can be used to assist clients in developing a broad array of career options, analyzing and overcoming barriers to career choice, and counteracting choice-limiting self-efficacy beliefs. Each strategy is illustrated with a case example. Future research needs related to the counseling model are discussed.
The body as curriculum: Learning with adolescent girls

We discuss a curriculum project focused on the body as a legitimate area for study and on storytelling, reflection and critical analysis as legitimate learning processes. We used feminist and activist perspectives to examine the curricular processes used in work with four adolescent girls to help them and us understand how they experienced their bodies, the themes of the body that emerged, and the curricular processes and strategies that successfully supported critique. Analysis of our data revealed two major themes: being noticed and regulating their bodies. The girls experienced beauty as a means for being noticed by boys and accepted by girls. Standards of beauty were refracted through a lens of white supremacy. All four girls expressed dissatisfaction with their bodies and described active and strategic efforts to monitor, restrict, and control them. They expressed resistance to bodily regulation through critiques of 'other' girls. The findings of this study suggest a need for inquiry-based integrated physical education and language arts curricula based on girls' questions and concerns of the body.
Corporate reputation and organisational performance: an Australian study

Purpose – To test for a relationship between corporate reputation and financial performance, using Australian data.Design/methodology/approach – Econometric modelling.Findings – No causal relationship between corporate reputation and financial performance (in either direction) was found. This is contrary to some findings in other countries. Reputation may not have a significant impact on performance in Australia. There may be weaknesses in the existing measure of reputation, or the finding may be due to unobserved variability in the intervening variable of managerial exploitation of the reputation.Research limitations/implications – The findings may be specific to Australia. In Australia, the linkage between reputation and performance may be too small to be significant in the available sample. It is argued that in corporate practice the link between reputation and performance proceeds via strategy and competitive advantage. Having a reputation resource is not enough; it needs to be managed well and exploi.
Multi-View Unsupervised User Feature Embedding for Social Media-based Substance Use Prediction

In this paper, we demonstrate how the state-of-the-art machine learning and text mining techniques can be used to build effective social media-based substance use detection systems. Since a substance use ground truth is difficult to obtain on a large scale, to maximize system performance, we explore different unsupervised feature learning methods to take advantage of a large amount of unsupervised social media data. We also demonstrate the benefit of using multi-view unsupervised feature learning to combine heterogeneous user information such as Facebook “likes” and “status updates” to enhance system performance. Based on our evaluation, our best models achieved 86% AUC for predicting tobacco use, 81% for alcohol use and 84% for illicit drug use, all of which significantly outperformed existing methods. Our investigation has also uncovered interesting relations between a user’s social media behavior (e.g., word usage) and substance use.
Las situaciones de resolución de problemas como estrategia de trabajo con niños diagnosticados con TDAH

En este articulo se presenta una discusion sobre las oportunidades que ofrecen las situaciones de resolucion de problema (SRP) como herramienta de trabajo con ninos diagnosticados con trastorno de deficit de atencion por hiperactividad (TDAH). Los argumentos surgen de los resultados de tres estudios, uno de revision y dos empiricos. Los resultados del estudio de revision muestran que en el proceso de diagnostico de TDAH se utilizan predominantemente pruebas objetivas tipo test. El 100% utiliza analisis de tipo cuantitativo y solo un reducido numero de investigadores llama la tencion sobre la necesidad enriquecer los analisis cuantitativos con cualitativos tales como los que se pueden usar en SRP abiertas. Los resultados del primer estudio empirico con ninos diagnosticados con TDAH, mostro que cuando un test de tipo psicometrico como el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, se presenta al nino como tarea cognitiva y se le anima a verbalizar acerca de los pensamientos que subyacen a sus acciones, se encuentran favorecidas la autorreflexion y la inhibicion de respuestas impulsivas. En el segundo estudio empirico, una de SRP denominada «El Demoledor», permitio evidenciar que ninos diagnosticados con TDAH, son capaces de tomar conciencia respecto a la ineficacia de sus estrategias, y en consecuencia, ajustan sus estrategias a las caracteristicas de la tarea o las cambian por otras mas funcionales. Los resultados de estos dos estudios, enfocados en comprender las acciones de los ninos durante el proceso de resolucion, mas que evaluar, permitieron concluir que las SRP se presentan como un escenario flexible que permite a ninos diagnosticados con TDAH contrastar sus teorias, proponer y evaluar soluciones alternativas, de manera controlada y efectiva.
Scaling of Hydrophobic Solvation Free Energies

We have calculated the free energy of solvation for hard sphere solutes, as large as 20 A in diameter, in two simple-point-charge models of water. These results were obtained using umbrella sampling of ensembles with fixed, ambient temperature and pressure. For the same water models, we have also calculated the surface tension of a liquid−vapor interface at room temperature. Analogous calculations were carried out for three thermodynamic states of the Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid near liquid−vapor coexistence. For both water and the LJ fluid at the conditions we have simulated, extrapolation of our results suggests that the planar interface between coexisting liquid and vapor phases has the same surface tension as the planar limit of hard sphere solvation. We expect this correspondence to be a general result for fluids at thermodynamic states close to phase coexistence, as measured by the difference in chemical potential between bulk liquid and vapor phases, and far from the critical point. The solvation free.
Anatomy and histochemistry of hindlimb flight posture in birds. I. The extended hindlimb posture of shorebirds

Birds utilize one of two hindlimb postures during flight: an extended posture (with the hip and knee joints flexed, while the ankle joint is extended caudally) or a flexed posture (with the hip, knee, and ankle joints flexed beneath the body). American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and Black‐necked Stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) extend their legs caudally during flight and support them for extended periods. Slow tonic and slow twitch muscle fibers are typically found in muscles functioning in postural support due to the fatigue resistance of these fibers. We hypothesized that a set of small muscles composed of high percentages of slow fibers and thus dedicated to postural support would function in securing the legs in the extended posture during flight. This study examined the anatomy and histochemical profile of eleven hindlimb muscles to gain insight into their functional roles during flight. Contrary to our hypothesis, all muscles possessed both fast twitch and slow twitch or slow tonic fibers. We believe this finding is due to the versatility of dynamic and postural functions the leg muscles must facilitate, including standing, walking, running, swimming, and hindlimb support during flight. Whether birds use an extended or flexed hindlimb flight posture may be related to the aerodynamic effect of leg position or may reflect evolutionary history. J. Morphol. , 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.