Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Intermediate‐acting Insulin Preparations to Daytime Insulin Treatment

Hyperglycaemia in the afternoon is often not prevented by increasing the intermediate insulin dose in C-peptide deficient Type 1 diabetic patients, particularly children, treated with two injections of mixtures of short- and intermediate-acting insulins. To provide a better understanding of this, 19 Type 1 diabetic patients were studied using the euglycaemic clamp technique, after SC injection of either soluble, isophane (NPH) or lente insulin, or mixtures of these preparations. SC injection of 0.6 U kg-1 insulin, as either intermediate-acting (isophane (NPH) or lente) insulin alone or as a mixture of 50% soluble + 50% intermediate-acting insulins, indicates that, for the same total dose of SC insulin, a shift from soluble to intermediate-acting insulin results in a major loss of activity during the first 6 h after injection, with no compensatory increase over the next 6 h. The morning hypoglycaemic activity depends on different mechanisms with isophane (NPH) or lente insulin; the effects of soluble and isophane (NHP) insulin are superimposed, while with lente insulin, the peak of soluble insulin is blunted. For the afternoon, even large doses of isophane (NPH) or lente insulin do not meet the peak of insulin requirements following lunch.
Estimating the risk of food stamp use and impoverishment during childhood.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the lifetime risk that an American child will reside in a household receiving food stamps and, as a result, will encounter poverty and a heightened exposure to food insecurity. DESIGN Thirty years of longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics survey data set. SETTING Nationally representative sample of the US population. PARTICIPANTS Approximately 90 000 childhood years of information are pooled together to create a series of life tables that span the ages of 1 to 20 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Self-reporting measure of whether survey households received the Food Stamp Program during the prior year. RESULTS Between the ages of 1 to 20 years, nearly half (49.2%) of all American children will, at some point, reside in a household that receives food stamps. Households in need of the program use it for relatively short periods but are also likely to return to the program at several points during the childhood years. Race, parental education, and head of household's marital status exert a strong influence on the proportion of children residing in a food stamp household. CONCLUSIONS American children are at a high risk of encountering a spell during which their families are in poverty and food insecure as indicated through their use of food stamps. Such events have the potential to seriously jeopardize a child's overall health.
LMI based neurocontroller for guaranteed cost control of discrete-time uncertain system

This paper investigates the application of neural networks to the guaranteed cost control problem of discrete time uncertain system. Based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) design approach, a class of a state feedback controller is established, and the sufficient conditions for the existence of guaranteed cost controller are derived by making use of the LMI. The novel contribution is that the neurocontroller is substituted for the additive gain perturbations. It is newly shown that although the neurocontroller is included in the discrete-time uncertain system, the robust stability for the closed-loop system and the reduction of the cost performance are attained.
Dynamic Video Deblurring Using a Locally Adaptive Blur Model

State-of-the-art video deblurring methods cannot handle blurry videos recorded in dynamic scenes since they are built under a strong assumption that the captured scenes are static. Contrary to the existing methods, we propose a new video deblurring algorithm that can deal with general blurs inherent in dynamic scenes. To handle general and locally varying blurs caused by various sources, such as moving objects, camera shake, depth variation, and defocus, we estimate pixel-wise varying non-uniform blur kernels. We infer bidirectional optical flows to handle motion blurs, and also estimate Gaussian blur maps to remove optical blur from defocus. Therefore, we propose a single energy model that jointly estimates optical flows, defocus blur maps and latent frames. We also provide a framework and efficient solvers to minimize the proposed energy model. By optimizing the energy model, we achieve significant improvements in removing general blurs, estimating optical flows, and extending depth-of-field in blurry frames. Moreover, in this work, to evaluate the performance of non-uniform deblurring methods objectively, we have constructed a new realistic dataset with ground truths. In addition, extensive experimental results on publicly available challenging videos demonstrate that the proposed method produces qualitatively superior performance than the state-of-the-art methods which often fail in either deblurring or optical flow estimation.
Relationship between interstitial and blood glucose in type 1 diabetes patients: delay and the push-pull phenomenon revisited.

BACKGROUND Interpretation of glucose sensor results requires clarification of the relationship between interstitial (IG) and blood (BG) glucose. We examined the delay of IG upon BG change and reinvestigated the push-pull phenomenon in type 1 diabetes patients. The push-pull phenomenon postulates that IG shows a delayed increase but earlier decrease compared to BG. If so, postprandial sensor curves should have narrower peak widths than BG curves. METHODS For both sensors a two-point calibration procedure was used. Delay was assessed by shifting combined fitted postprandial glucose sensor curves horizontally. The sensor and BG peak widths of the separately fitted curves were assessed and compared. Peak width was re-assessed for the microdialysis sensor using raw current values to rule out any calibration effect on the shape of the curve. The contribution of instrumental delay to the earlier reported 7.1-min delay of the microdialysis sensor was calculated. RESULTS No delay [-2.2 +/- 6.2 (SD) min] was seen for the needle-type sensor. Instrumental delay was >6.2 min for the microdialysis sensor, accounting for more than 87% of the total reported delay of 7.1 +/- 5.5 min. Mean peak width for the BG curves was 100.8 +/- 25.0 min, for the needle-type sensor curves 110.0 +/- 20.5 min, and for the microdialysis sensor curves 104.6 +/- 21.7 min (P = 0.052 and P = 0.11 vs. BG, respectively). Mean peak width for the uncalibrated microdialysis current values was 105.0 +/- 23.1 min, which was not different from the peak width of the BG curves (P = 0.347). CONCLUSIONS IG-BG delay may be smaller than previously postulated. The sensor curves tended to have broader peaks than the BG curves, in contrast to the expected narrower peaks predicted by the push-pull phenomenon. This argues against the existence of the push-pull phenomenon.
Thomas E. Toon, The politics of early Old English sound change . New York and London: Academic Press, 1983. Pp. xv + 229.

One of the apparent curiosities in linguistics of the last twenty-five years is that although the 'Chomskyan revolution' has managed to overthrow the established order in almost every area of the subject, historical linguistics, and more especially historical phonology, has only been superficially affected. True enough, historical phonologists tend to use distinctive feature analysis, to write descriptions of sound changes in the same manner as generative phonologists write synchronic rules, and to employ quite generally and to the confusion of all much of the formal apparatus usually associated with generative phonology wherever this makes the description more precise and/or clear. On the other hand, specifically generative explanations of sound change, most clearly represented in King (1969), have found little favour, concepts such as analogy and splits and mergers have been maintained or reasserted more vigorously, and even, thanks to such papers as Hoenigswald (1978), the Neogrammarian doctrine of sound change is viewed much more sympathetically than once seemed possible. In these circumstances the present work acquires considerable interest, perhaps not unlike the interest of a lepidopterist in a new type of butterfly, of which a fine specimen has just been pinned on to a tray. For in this book Toon presents a frankly revisionist approach to Old English sound change, which is in effect yet another attack on traditional views of sound change, but from a direction rather different from that of generative phonology. The framework in which Toon operates is variationist, and he draws heavily on the work of Labov and of lexical diffusionists such as Wang. True enough, this is not the first such study of sound change; on the other hand it is surely the first such study which presents a variationist approach at book length to an area of historical phonology where the traditional Neogrammarian-ish theory has been fully articulated. For this work to be successful, therefore, it should achieve two goals: (i) it should be able to uncover errors in traditional analyses and rectify them; (ii) it should demonstrate that only a variationist approach can achieve this first goal. The book has a somewhat curious structure, although it is eventually possible to discern that the structure of the book and the structure of Toon's
Conjunctive Query Answering with OWL 2 QL

We present a novel rewriting technique for conjunctive query answering over OWL 2 QL ontologies. In general, the obtained rewritings are not necessarily correct and can be of exponential size in the length of the query. We argue, however, that in most, if not all, practical cases the rewritings are correct and of polynomial size. Moreover, we prove some sufficient conditions, imposed on queries and ontologies, that guarantee correctness and succinctness. We also support our claim by experimental results.
Inside the Television Newsroom: An Insider's View of International News Translation in Taiwan

As Taiwan is striving to become an integral part of the global community, the dissemination of international news and the diversity of its representation are increasingly vital in shaping people's knowledge of the world. This paper serves as a first-hand account of the work of a television news translator – a reflection on the author's five years experience in television and newspaper newsrooms. With an anecdotal start, the author revisits the routine in the newsroom to see how international news is processed and re-processed before being televised to the local audience. The author then attempts to deconstruct the process and strategies involved by looking into the concept of rewriting as opposed to translation, and how recent research perceives this sort of language transformation and manipulation in the fast-paced television newsroom. The linkage between translation and interpreting in the media context is another subject worth delving into in the future. In addition to the freedom a translator enjoys in the newsroom and its confines, this paper deals with journalistic hierarchy which reflects how news translators see themselves and how they are perceived, in the hope that the status of the translator can be elevated.
Alternative Theorems for Quadratic Inequality Systems and Global Quadratic Optimization

We establish alternative theorems for quadratic inequality systems. Consequently, we obtain Lagrange multiplier characterizations of global optimality for classes of nonconvex quadratic optimization problems. We present a generalization of Dine's theorem to a system of two homogeneous quadratic functions with a regular cone. The class of regular cones are cones $K$ for which $(K\cup-K)$ is a subspace. As a consequence, we establish a generalization of the powerful $S$-lemma, which paves the way to obtain a complete characterization of global optimality for a general quadratic optimization model problem involving a system of equality constraints in addition to a single quadratic inequality constraint. We then present an alternative theorem for a system of three nonhomogeneous inequalities by way of establishing the convexity of the joint-range of three homogeneous quadratic functions using a regular cone. This yields Lagrange multiplier characterizations of global optimality for classes of trust-region type problems with two inequality constraints. Finally, we establish an alternative theorem for systems involving an arbitrary finite number of quadratic inequalities involving Z-matrices, which are matrices with nonpositive off diagonal elements, and present necessary and sufficient conditions for global optimality for classes of nonconvex inequality constrained quadratic optimization problems.
synaesthetic colour embedded shapes , but without pre-attentive ' popout ' of Grapheme-colour synaesthesia improves detection of Supplementary data

Supplementary data tml http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2009/12/04/rspb.2009. 1765.DC1. h "Data Supplement" References -urls http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/early/2009/12/04/rspb.2009. 1765.full. html#related Article cited in: ml#ref-list-1 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/early/2009/12/04/rspb.2009. 1765.full. ht This article cites 32 articles, 5 of which can be accessed free
Factors Affecting Acceptance of Smartphone Application for Management of Obesity

Objectives The factors affecting the acceptance of mobile obesity-management applications (apps) by the public were analyzed using a mobile healthcare system (MHS) technology acceptance model (TAM). Methods The subjects who participated in this study were Android smartphone users who had an intent to manage their weight. They used the obesity-management app for two weeks, and then completed an 18-item survey designed to determine the factors influencing the acceptance of the app. Three questions were asked pertaining to each of the following six factors: compatibility, self-efficacy, technical support and training, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavior regarding intention to use. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of the scales. Pathway analysis was also performed to evaluate the MHS acceptance model. Results A total of 94 subjects participated in this study. The results indicate that compatibility, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use significantly affected the behavioral intention to use the mobile obesity-management app. Technical support and training also significantly affected the perceived ease of use; however, the hypotheses that self-efficacy affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were not supported in this study. Conclusions This is the first attempt to analyze the factors influencing mobile obesity-management app acceptance using a TAM. Further studies should cover not only obesity but also other chronic diseases and should analyze the factors affecting the acceptance of apps among healthcare consumers in general.
Deciphering the Neural Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Status Report and Directions for Future Research

Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) contributes appreciably to the control of physiological function, such that pathological alterations in SNA can lead to a variety of diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss the characteristics of SNA, briefly review the methodology that has been used to assess SNA and its control, and to describe the essential role of neurophysiological studies in conscious animals to provide additional insights into the regulation of SNA. Studies in both humans and animals have shown that SNA is rhythmic or organized into bursts whose frequency varies depending on experimental conditions and the species. These rhythms are generated by brainstem neurons, and conveyed to sympathetic preganglionic neurons through several pathways, including those emanating from the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Although rhythmic SNA is present in decerebrate animals (indicating that neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord are adequate to generate this activity), there is considerable evidence that a variety of supratentorial structures including the insular and prefrontal cortices, amygdala, and hypothalamic subnuclei provide inputs to the brainstem regions that regulate SNA. It is also known that the characteristics of SNA are altered during stress and particular behaviors such as the defense response and exercise. While it is a certainty that supratentorial structures contribute to changes in SNA during these behaviors, the neural underpinnings of the responses are yet to be established. Understanding how SNA is modified during affective responses and particular behaviors will require neurophysiological studies in awake, behaving animals, including those that entail recording activity from neurons that generate SNA. Recent studies have shown that responses of neurons in the central nervous system to most sensory inputs are context-specific. Future neurophysiological studies in conscious animals should also ascertain whether this general rule also applies to sensory signals that modify SNA.
Poly-phase coded waveform design with expanded mainlobe width

Poly-phase coded waveform design with low sidelobe level is an important issue. The sidelobe level of a poly-phase coded waveform achieved by a waveform design algorithm often depends on the degrees of freedom available for optimization. In this paper, we introduce a concept to exploit more degrees of freedom for a given pulse time duration, by allowing for more codes inside whereas keeping a low range resolution. Based on this concept, a waveform design criterion, which is a minimax optimization problem, is proposed. The optimization problem is solved by the least-pth algorithm which uses the L-BFGS as its sub-algorithm. Numerical results show that the additional degrees of freedom can decrease the peak sidelobe level of polyphase coded waveform from -32.6dB for 64 codes to -37.0dB for 256 codes with the same range resolution and pulse width.
CD8+/CD57+ cells and apoptosis suppress T‐cell functions in multiple myeloma

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CD8+/CD57+ lymphocytes in the immune dysregulation of multiple myeloma (MM). Cytofluorimetry of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) purified from 39 MM patients showed an inverse relationship between the percentage of CD8+/CD57+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. Analysis of their activation antigens revealed that they were prevalently HLA‐DR+ and Fas+. Removal of CD8+/CD57+ cells from MM PBL significantly improved cell proliferation and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)‐induced polyclonal Ig production in vitro, whereas the addition of supernatants from patients' CD8+/CD57+ cell cultures to normal PBL suppressed both the PWM‐driven Ig synthesis and the proliferative rate of stimulated PBL, supporting the contention that CD8+/CD57+ cells release in vitro an inhibitory factor that is directly involved in T‐cell regulatory function. However, since the proliferative recovery of PWM‐ and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated MM PBL in the absence of CD8+/CD57+ lymphocytes was only partial, a dysregulated activation‐induced apoptosis was anticipated. In fact, patients' PBL displayed an increased susceptibility to apoptosis and this was significantly enhanced after PWM and, even more, after PHA stimulation. Analysis of CD57 antigen expression on apoptotic or viable cells demonstrated a substantial defect of apoptosis in the CD8+/CD57+ population. Our results indicate that both the immunosuppressive effect of CD8+/CD57+ cells and the enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis of PBL could be involved in the pathogenesis of the immunodeficiency observed in this disease.
High Prevalence Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Endocervical Samples of Infertile Women Attending University Hospital in Manaus-Amazonas, Brazil

Background: We established for the first time the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among infertile women in Manaus Amazonas Brazil using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Methods: 106 women were studied at a public university hospital fertility clinic for infertility problems correlated with chlamydia infection. Social-economic and clinical information was obtained before medical examination to obtain samples for the amplification of C. trachomatis DNA plasmid. Results: The prevalence of chlamydial infection among infertile women was 52.8, and 51.8% of the positive participants were older than 30 years of age (p = 0.8697). Of the 56 women positive for C. trachomatis, 31 (55.4%) had never given birth, while 9 (16%) had a pregnancy resulting in fetal death. Our findings also revealed that these patients had a low socio-economic status and high unemployment (p = 0.0274), and a significant association of 5% (p < 0.05) of chlamydial infection with family income. Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of C. trachomatis, concerns about effects on reproductive health and fertility are undertaken. Therefore, we believe it is extremely necessary to implement large-scale PCR-based screening as part of routine clinical detection programs concerning preventive effects of chlamydial infection among this population.
Preattentive analysis of facial expressions of emotion

Abstract Some experiments have shown that a face having an expression different from the others in a crowd can be detected in a time that is independent of crowd size. Although this pop-out effect suggests that the valence of a face is available preattentively, it is possible that it is only the detection of sign features (e.g. angle of brow) which triggers an internal code for valence. In experiments testing the merits of valence and feature explanations, subjects searched displays of schematic faces having sad, happy, and vacant mouth expressions for a face having a discrepant sad or happy expression. Because inversion destroys holistic face processing and the implicit representation of valence, a critical test was whether pop-out occurred for inverted faces. Flat search functions (pop-out) for upright and inverted faces provided equivocal support for both explanations. But intercept effects found only with normal faces indicated valences had been analysed at an early stage of stimulus encoding.
Dreams of Truck Drivers: A Test of the Continuity Hypothesis of Dreaming

Empirical studies largely support the continuity hypothesis of dreaming. The present study investigated the frequency and emotional tone of dreams of truck drivers. On the one hand, the findings of the present study partly support the continuity regarding the time spent with driving/being in the truck and driving dreams and, on the other hand, a close relationship was found between daytime mood (feelings of stress, job satisfaction) and dream emotions, i.e., different dream characteristics were affected by different aspects of daytime activity. The results, thus, indicate that it is necessary to define very clearly how this continuity is to be conceptualized. The approach of formulating a mathematical model (cf. [1]) should be adopted in future studies in order to specify the factors and their magnitude in the relationship between waking and dreaming.