Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theorizing gender equality: perspectives on power and legitimacy

This article develops new analytical tools for considering the dynamics of power in gender equality. This is done by focusing on a closely related concept, legitimacy, and utilizing it to shed light on the relations between gender equality and power. We develop a new concept to describe the "undecided" conceptual zone between what is considered "legitimate" and what is "illegitimate," that we have named "a-legitimate". The starting point is the idea that legitimacy is construed in a binary opposition with illegitimacy. Instead of being static, the struggles over definition of "legitimate" and "illegitimate" are an outcome of dynamic processes and fundamentally shaped by the "a-legitimate" that falls in-between.
Little in Common: Racial and Gender Differences in Adolescents' Television Diets

The assumption that adolescents exist in a common youth culture that cuts across race and gender lines is examined. A sample of 2,942 middle schoolers completed questionnaires. Of the 7 40 television shows listed, only 4 were watched regularly by at least one-third of 4 audience segments (Black females, Black males, White females, White males). Few Whites watched any of the Black teens' top IO shows, and only 2 of the girls' top IO shows were on the boys' list. These data provide little support for the notion of a common youth culture, at least as reflected in current television programming.
Comments on the paper by Andrea Colli

I shall focus my comments on three topics addressed in the paper by Andrea Colli. The first, and possibly the most important, concerns the mittelstand. Although I must admit that the idea of separating out medium-sized businesses is an interesting exercise for a country like Italy, a number of issues still remain unresolved. First, I have noticed that the classification criteria vary, both in terms of dimension and of the variable considered. For example, firms are classified in terms of employees (Table 1) and in terms of value added (Table 2) (see article). As already mentioned, the size of the classes of business is also defined in different ways; the main point being that the choice of class size strongly influences the conclusion reached. On the basis of Colli’s Tables 1 and 2, there is no evidence of the fundamental importance of medium-sized businesses. If we take the European definition, in 2001 the category of 50–249 employees covered 19 per cent of employment, which is near the EU average of 15 per cent; small businesses still constitute the largest class, by far exceeding the European average. Even adopting the more appropriate classification of Table 2, the importance of medium size firms is still low: 17.3 per cent vs 48.7 per cent of small firms (1–49 employees) and 34 per cent of large ones (4500). For these reasons, I believe there is still much work to be done before the phenomenon is clearly defined. Another point refers to the explanation of the recent increase in number of medium-sized businesses. Colli explains this as, in part, the effect of the discontinuation in the 1970s of many large businesses, which created opportunities for small and medium-size ones in almost all branches of manufacturing, and in part, a consequence of growing competition for the small businesses of the industrial districts on the international markets. This provoked a process of progressive natural selection, giving rise to a number of medium-sized, internationally active businesses. A way to test which of the two explanations better suits the case could be to focus on the inter-temporal mobility of firms instead of on the distribution, in benchmark years, of categories based on size. By adopting a survival and mobility approach, it may be easier to explain whether mittelstand was the result of the increase in size of small businesses or of the downsizing of the largest ones (Giannetti and Velucchi 2006). Journal of Modern Italian Studies 15(1) 2010: 61–63
Roles of nitric oxide in protective effect of berberine in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer mice

AbstractAim:To investigate the protective effects of berberine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice.Methods:Gastric ulcers were induced by oral ingestion of ethanol. Nitric oxide (NO) content was measured, and mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results:The ulcer index (UI) at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 6 h after oral administration of ethanol was 23.8±1.4, 23.3±2.2, 22.3±1.2 and 20.8±1.1, respectively. The UI in the berberine-treated groups (5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) was less than the control group. The content of NO in the control group was 73.3±7.3 μL/L, 94.0±9.2 μL/L, 109.6± 6.4 μL/L and 138.2±10.2 μL/L in gastric juice and 5.8±1.1 μmol/g protein, 8.3± 1.1 μmol/g protein, 9.8± 1.1 μmol/g protein and 11.9± 1.2 μmol/g protein in gastric tissue at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 6 h, respectively, after the oral administration of ethanol. The content of NO in the berberine-treated groups (5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) was higher than the control group at 1 h after the oral administration of ethanol (P<0.05), and was lower at 6 h (P<0.05). Analysis by RT-PCR showed that expression of eNOS was inhibited but iNOS expression was enhanced by ethanol. However, the expression of eNOS could be enhanced and iNOS expression could be inhibited by berberine (P<0.01). Conclusion:Berberine could significantly protect gastric mucosa from damage by ethanol. This effect may be related to the increased expression of eNOS mRNA and inhibited expression of iNOS mRNA.
An integrative body therapy approach: The Neo-Functionalism approach

Recent scientific evidence highlights the importance of the body, in its both cognitive and emotional aspects, and this stimulates therapists to seek more integrated forms of therapy. This article introduces the Neo-Funcionalism approach, which is a key therapeutic approach that emphasises the importance of the body. The first part of the article provides evidence supporting the approach and discusses two of its most important components: the ‘functions’ and the ‘basic experiences’. In the second part of the article, the two conceptual components are discussed with reference to a case report of therapeutic work.
The Challenge to Cumulative Learning: Do Introductory Courses Actually Benefit Advanced Students?

Previous research has questioned the educational value of taking introductory courses in psychology. Study 1 confirmed the usual null to negative associations between taking introductory psychology and performance in a subsequent psychology course. Study 2 showed that, after controlling for IQ, there was actually a positive association between taking introductory psychology and performance on a psychology knowledge pretest, which, in turn, was positively associated with course performance. Partial correlation analyses suggested that the apparent disadvantages of introductory psychology are an artifact of self-selection. Specifically, although taking introductory psychology provides beneficial knowledge, the choice to take the course may indicate a maladaptive scholastic style—possibly antiscientific mindedness. We recommend advertising psychology courses more properly as science-oriented to avoid misleading potential students.
Differential Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Computed Tomography

Multislice spiral CT is a perfect imaging modality to evaluate large area in a short time and visualize lesion optimally with an injection of contrast media (c/m). Scanning may include unenhanced images (without c/m), arterial, portal venous and delayed phases. The speed of contrast injection and optimal scanning protocol are crucial to separate all phases, what is very important in differential diagnostics of FLL.
Vertrauen in den Arzt („VIA”) - Psychometrische Testung der deutschen Version der „Trust in Physician Scale”

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The trust of a patient in his or her physician is seen as a core element of the doctor-patient relationship and as a predicting factor for the health-related outcome. No German-language instrument for the assessment of this construct has previously been available. In this article, a German version of the “Trust in Physician Scale” is presented and its psychometric testing described. The results obtained on the use of the scale to assess the outcome of rehabilitation treatment are also discussed. METHODS: After the original questionnaire was translated and subjected to pilot testing, the scale and other assessment instruments to analyse patient satisfaction and rehabilitation outcome were used in the case of 460 patients at three orthopaedic rehabilitation centres. The psychometric tests contained analyses on the distribution of values, reliability analyses and the construct validity of the scale. Using linear regression analyses, it was analyzed if the “Trust in Physician Scale” predicted outcome. RESULTS: With a percentage of 1.4 to 8.8% missing values, the distribution of values obtained using the scale indicates a good level of acceptance and practicability, although marked ceiling effects became apparent: 21% of patients achieve top-of-the-scale values. Cronbachs α was good (0.90) but the item-scale correlation for two items proved to be unsatisfactory (<0.40). With correlation coefficients up to 0.59, the correlation of results with patient satisfaction indicate the validity and discreteness of the construct. The results of regression analysis provide evidence that the scale predicts psychosocial outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The results correspond closely to the current international empirical literature. It is planned to continue testing the scale and to evaluate the significance of this component of the doctor-patient relationship in future studies.
The Complexity and Dynamics of Histone Modifications In the Yeast Stress Response

In the nucleus, DNA the chief carrier of biological information is surrounded by a multitude of proteins, and most importantly by histones. Nucleosomes are repeating units of DNA and histones that compact the large DNA molecule, but also pose a barrier to cellular machinery that accesses and manipulates the information content of the DNA. Therefore, these processes must somehow interact with nucleosomes in a transient manner to carry out their function. This interaction involves removal of nucleosomes, but also assembly, post translational modifications and exchange of certain nucleosomal sub units with other ones. This variety allows for a potentially vast amount of possible nucleosomal states. However, only a handful of these states seem to be manifested in nucleosomes in vivo, raising the question why do cells (yeast to human) need this potentially complex ”code”, if they only employ such a small part of it? Another outstanding gap in our understanding of chromatin is related to transcription. Transcription is a major player in shaping the chromatin landscape in vivo, yet the interactions between transcription and chromatin are far from being fully understood. In many cases correlations are known, in some cases mechanisms were beautifully described [71], but a broad picture of events occurring during transcription dependencies in time and space between the components is missing. In this work we monitored the dynamics of 25 different histone post translational modifications, the levels of a histone variant (H2A.Z) and nucleosome occupancy on a genome wide scale, through the response of yeast to oxidative diamide stress. Our results capture most of known chromatin biology, and greatly extend it with six new antibodies in yeast and the first ever genome wide dynamics study. Surprisingly, we find that complexity of the histone state is generally low throughout the induction process, at least in the population mean, but we also find specific groups of genes whose nucleosomes occupy states unseen in mid-log steady state. We also use this complex data to uncover relations between chromatin state and genomic processes, such as replication and replication independent nucleosome turnover. Finally, we provide a comprehensive view of a genome during transcriptional reprogramming.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH GEOPHAGIA IN GHANA

An investigation was conducted to determine the risks associated with the ingestion of some geophagy clays mined in Ghana, Nigeria and Cote d’voire. These clays are widely distributed through major marketing centres in Ghana and within the West African sub-region. Samples of the geophagy clays were purchased from selected markets in the Greater Accra region and then subjected to X-ray fluorescence analysis to determine the levels of heavy metals present in them and their potential effects on consumers. The results indicate that the levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and cobalt contained in 70g of the geopagy clay were far higher than the WHO/FAO and USDA approved maximum daily tolerable intake. This was interpreted to mean that consumers were at risk of heavy metal contamination which could lead to various diseases. The extent of bioavailability of these toxic elements to consumers of the clay was however not established. It was concluded that geophagy clay sold on Ghanaian markets could have potentially negative health impact on consumers if consumed at 70g per day or more and on regular basis.
Dynamic Demand Control with Differentiated QoS in User-in-the-Loop Controlled Cellular Networks

Cellular communications now and beyond 2020 faces a number of challenges. One of the trends is the ever increasing demand for data rate due to smart mobile devices with an estimated traffic growth of almost 100% per annum. Even with new cellular generation cycles every few years the same increase rate cannot be provided on the supply side. Neither anywhere nor anytime. The gap between supply and demand of wireless capacity will shorten and the conventional over-provisioning approach will not be possible anymore, especially during busy hours. The consequences are more frequent congestion situations with broken application traffic. The quality-of-experience will suffer as user expectations are high and steamed-up by advertising. An inadequate tariff system concentrating on flat-rates is also counterproductive for stability and energy-efficiency. In this paper the temporal user-in-the-loop (UIL) control approach is assumed. This user-centric model implements demand shaping by incentives in form of a dynamic usage-based tariff which adjusts based on the level of congestion in the busy hours. This is comparable to the smart grid operation principle. The novelty in this paper is the differentiated treatment for the exemplary service classes voice, video and data, for which new quantitative user response data is utilized. The control approach performance is calculated and results for stationary and dynamic scenarios are presented.
Reduced Variability of Auditory Alpha Activity in Chronic Tinnitus

Subjective tinnitus is characterized by the conscious perception of a phantom sound which is usually more prominent under silence. Resting state recordings without any auditory stimulation demonstrated a decrease of cortical alpha activity in temporal areas of subjects with an ongoing tinnitus perception. This is often interpreted as an indicator for enhanced excitability of the auditory cortex in tinnitus. In this study we want to further investigate this effect by analysing the moment-to-moment variability of the alpha activity in temporal areas. Magnetoencephalographic resting state recordings of 21 tinnitus subjects and 21 healthy controls were analysed with respect to the mean and the variability of spectral power in the alpha frequency band over temporal areas. A significant decrease of auditory alpha activity was detected for the low alpha frequency band (8–10 Hz) but not for the upper alpha band (10–12 Hz). Furthermore, we found a significant decrease of alpha variability for the tinnitus group. This result was significant for the lower alpha frequency range and not significant for the upper alpha frequencies. Tinnitus subjects with a longer history of tinnitus showed less variability of their auditory alpha activity which might be an indicator for reduced adaptability of the auditory cortex in chronic tinnitus.
Nutritional Quality and Bioactive Compounds of Some Fruit Juices

Background: fruit juices are a ready and rich sources of vitami ns, fiber and minerals for human consumption due to its uses as medecin, food and appetites. Juices are more convenient to c onsume, and have in general a longer shelf-life tha n fresh fruit. Objective: The present study was aimed to determine the physicochemical ch ra teristic of some fruit juices including Commerc ial Grape Nectar (CGN), Fresh Grape Must (FGM) Tangerine Juice Pasteurized in Bat h-water (TJPB) and in Micro-wave oven (TJPM) and to determine some bioactive compounds in grape juices. Results: obtained results show that all juices analyzed had relevant physicochemical composition; however, the quantity of analyzed compounds was different in eac h case. Conclusion: Given the obtained characterization, the beverages nalyzed in this work can be considered as good sources of nutritive compounds that are indispensable to healthy feedin g habits, thus, their consumption should be stimulated .
A procolophonoid reptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Triassic of Brazil

The small tetrapod Candelaria barbouri, from the Middle Triassic of southern Brazil, is the first example of an owenettid procolophonoid outside Africa and Madagascar. Candelaria barbouri was originally described as a primitive procolophonid; however, a re–examination of the holotype, as well as new material, reveals that C. barbouri is in fact the youngest member of the Owenettidae, extending the chronological range of the group by more than 10 million years. The recognition of C. barbouri as an owenettid points to a broader diversity and distribution for owenettids than hitherto thought. In addition, C. barbouri is the first member of the Owenettidae to exhibit temporal fenestrae, a discovery that draws attention to the significance of this feature in ‘anapsid’ reptiles.
Dynamics of Neural Systems with Discrete and Distributed Time Delays

In real-world systems, interactions between elements do not happen instantaneously, due to the time required for a signal to propagate, reaction times of individual elements, and so forth. Moreover, time delays are normally nonconstant and may vary with time. This means that it is vital to introduce time delays in any realistic model of neural networks. In order to analyze the fundamental properties of neural networks with time-delayed connections, we consider a system of two coupled two-dimensional nonlinear delay differential equations. This model represents a neural network, where one subsystem receives a delayed input from another subsystem. An exciting feature of the model under consideration is the combination of both discrete and distributed delays, where distributed time delays represent the neural feedback between the two subsystems, and the discrete delays describe the neural interaction within each of the two subsystems. Stability properties are investigated for different commonly used distribu.
PSYCHO‐LOGIC: A POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE TO PIAGET'S FORMULATION

Summary. The limitations of children's reasoning observed by Piaget can be described by a restricted logical system, called a psycho-logic. It is shown that psycho-logic can be simply represented by a small set of finite Boolean algebras. These are interpreted to suggest that limitations of reasoning correspond to limitations of immediate memory or attention.
Low distortion embeddings for edit distance

We show that 0,1<sup>d</sup> endowed with edit distance embeds into <i>l</i><inf>1</inf> with distortion 2<sup>O</sup>(√log <i>d</i>log log <i>d</i>). We further show efficient implementations of the embedding that yield solutions to various computational problems involving edit distance. These include sketching, communication complexity, nearest neighbor search. For all these problems, we improve upon previous bounds.
Co-Circulation of Dengue Virus Type 3 Genotypes in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR

During the 2012 epidemic of dengue in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR, a major serotype switch from dengue 1 to 3 was observed. A molecular epidemiology study demonstrated that dengue 3 remained the predominant serotype in 2013, but also revealed the co-circulation of two genotypes, supporting the hypothesis of multiple geographic origins of dengue 3 strains circulating in Vientiane capital.
Metamorphosis in the craniiform brachiopod Novocrania anomala Running title : Metamorphosis in Novocrania

Postprint This is the accepted version of a paper published in Zoomorphology. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Metamorphosis in Craniiformea revisited: Novocrania anomala shows delayed development of the ventral valve. Access to the published version may require subscription. Abstract Keywords ontogeny, development, craniiformea, phylogeny, morphology 2 Introduction
The Geography of Solar Photovoltaics (PV) and a New Low Carbon Urban Transition Theory

This paper examines the early phases of a 21st century energy transition that involves distributed generation technologies employing low or zero carbon emission power sources and their take-up within Australia, with particular reference to the major cities and solar photovoltaics (PV). This transition is occurring in a nation with significant path dependency to overcome in relation to fossil fuel use. Tracking the diffusion of solar PV technology within Australia over the past decade provides a basis for assessing those factors underpinning its exponential growth and its associated geography of diffusion. Positive evidence that there are pathways for cities to decarbonise is apparent but there appear to be different pathways for different city forms with lower density suburban areas showing the biggest take-up of household-based energy technologies. This suggests a model for the low carbon urban transition involving combinations of simple technological changes and harder structural changes, depending upon which parts of the urban fabric are in focus. This is being called a New Low Carbon Urban Transition Theory.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Spanish and English Interventions for First-Grade English Language Learners at Risk for Reading Problems

Abstract We provide data 3 to 4 years postintervention for four samples of English language learners from two sequential Grade 1 cohorts who received supplemental Grade 1 reading interventions in Spanish or English and for whom the language of instruction for intervention was matched with language of core reading instruction. Participants were 300 students at risk for reading difficulties who were randomly assigned to intervention or comparison groups; there were 186 students from the four samples assessed in both languages (Spanish, English) 3 or 4 years after intervention completion (Spring Grade 4 or 5). Findings from the Spanish study revealed few statistically significant differences in favor of intervention students on Spanish measures, although effect sizes generally favored this group (median d = +0.33). Findings from the English study also revealed few statistically significant differences in favor of intervention students, though again, effect sizes were positive (median d = +0.23). Transfer effects were generally small, though nearly all were positive. Although the effects were small, receipt of intervention in Grade 1 was associated with clinically significant gains in a variety of literacy-related domains 3 to 4 years after the termination of supplemental instruction.