Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infants' perception of goal-directed actions on video

Imitation studies and object search studies show that infants have difficulties using action information presented on video to guide their own behaviour. The present study investigated whether infants also have problems interpreting information shown on video relative to real live information. It was examined whether 6-month-olds interpret an action with a salient action effect as goal-directed when it is performed by an actor on a video-screen and when it is performed by a live actor. A video presentation of a goal-directed action display was presented to one group of infants, and another group received the same action display, matched in all details, live on a stage. Results indicate that 6-month-olds in the video group as well as in the live group interpreted the human action as goal-directed. Moreover, comparison across both groups revealed no difference in the overall looking pattern between the video and the live presentation group. Thus, our findings show that infants as young as 6 months of age can take important information from video clips and interpret televised actions in meaningful ways that is equivalent to their interpretation of live actions.
More than meets the eye: the use of videonarratives to facilitate doctoral students’ reflexivity on their doctoral journeys

This article discusses findings from a UK Higher Education Academy project, which used digital video to promote doctoral students’ reflexivity. The project aimed to facilitate doctoral students’ research skills through the making of videonarratives; create spaces for reflexivity on the relations between research, narrative and identity; and consider the opportunities and problems offered by the use of digital video as a research method. In its focus on the relations between reflexivity, doctoral research and the use of digital video the project sought to make a contribution to a currently under‐researched and theoretically under‐elaborated aspect of doctoral education. The article discusses findings from the project, identifies the key role played by narrative in emerging doctoral researcher identities, and argues that these findings provide a stimulus for a more critical interrogation of recent and increasingly performative constructions of doctoral study.
Effect of Type 1 Diabetes on Carotid Structure and Function in Adolescents and Young Adults

OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes mellitus causes increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in adults. We evaluated IMT in young subjects with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants with type 1 diabetes (N = 402) were matched to controls (N = 206) by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Anthropometric and laboratory values, blood pressure, and IMT were measured. ANCOVA was used to assess differences controlling for demographic risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and HbA1c. RESULTS Subjects were 18.9 ± 3.3 years old (50% male, 82.7% non-Hispanic white). Youth with type 1 diabetes had thicker bulb IMT, which remained significantly different after adjustment for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Age, sex, adiposity, and systolic blood pressure were consistent significant determinants of IMT. Adjustment for HbA1c eliminated the difference, suggesting the difference was attributable to poor glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Carotid IMT may be increased in youth with type 1 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Better control of diabetes may be essential in preventing progression of atherosclerosis.
Moderating effect of institutional responsiveness on the relationship between green leadership and green competitiveness

With a growing focus among firms globally on saving energy and increasing environmental awareness, it is critical to explore the implementation of corporate greening in subsidiaries of multinational companies. Multinational companies need to respond simultaneously to institutional requirements and pressures for corporate greening. In this study we utilized the natural-resource-based view to investigate how green leadership can enhance green competi- tiveness. Based on a quantitative analysis of 212 subsidiaries of multinational companies in China, we found that green leadership positively influences green competiveness. Further, this relationship was found to be stronger in firms with higher (more active) levels of institutional responsiveness. We highlight practical implications and make suggestions for theoretical development.
Determining relative importance of predictors with the observational design.

A recent comparison of typical extreme-groups designs and observational designs (G. H. McClelland & C. M. Judd, 1993) showed that extreme-groups designs have greater power to detect interactions than do observational designs and that extreme-groups designs provide estimates of unstandardized parameter values that have smaller standard errors than do estimates provided by observational designs. In this study, this discussion is taken a step further by investigation of the advantages and disadvantages associated with inferences drawn from extreme-groups and observational designs for the estimation of standardized effects. Observational designs, through accurate estimation of predictor variances, are concluded to be superior for the purposes of standardized parameter estimation. Finally, various ways of adapting extreme-groups designs to better justify inferences concerning population distributions are suggested.
Typed query languages for databases containing queries

Abstract This paper introduces and studies the relational meta algebra , a statically typed extension of the relational algebra to allow for meta programming in databases. In this meta algebra one can manipulate database relations involving not only stored data values (as in classical relational databases) but also stored relational algebra expressions. Topics discussed include modeling of advanced database applications involving “procedural data” ; desirability as well as limitations of a strict typing discipline in this context; equivalence with a first-order calculus; and global expressive power and non-redundancy of the proposed formalism.
Perceptual crossing: the simplest online paradigm

Researchers in social cognition increasingly realize that many phenomena cannot be understood by investigating offline situations only, focusing on individual mechanisms and an observer perspective. There are processes of dynamic emergence specific to online situations, when two or more persons are engaged in a real-time interaction that are more than just the sum of the individual capacities or behaviors, and these require the study of online social interaction. Auvray et al.'s (2009) perceptual crossing paradigm offers possibly the simplest paradigm for studying such online interactions: two persons, a one-dimensional space, one bit of information, and a yes/no answer. This study has provoked a lot of resonance in different areas of research, including experimental psychology, computer/robot modeling, philosophy, psychopathology, and even in the field of design. In this article, we review and critically assess this body of literature. We give an overview of both behavioral experimental research and simulated agent modeling done using the perceptual crossing paradigm. We discuss different contexts in which work on perceptual crossing has been cited. This includes the controversy about the possible constitutive role of perceptual crossing for social cognition. We conclude with an outlook on future research possibilities, in particular those that could elucidate the link between online interaction dynamics and individual social cognition.
Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) combined with tacrolimus in intestinal and multivisceral transplantation1

Background. We combined alemtuzumab (Campath-1H, Berlex Laboratories, Montville, NJ) and tacrolimus (Tac) immunosuppression for intestinal and multivisceral transplantation. Materials and Methods. A total of 21 adult patients received 24 grafts: 14 intestinal, nine multivisceral, and one liver-intestinal graft. Alemtuzumab was administered perioperatively in four doses with low-dose Tac (levels 10–15 ng/dL) and no maintenance steroids. Tac was substituted with sirolimus in case of Tac-related complications. Suspected or mild rejections were treated with steroids. Moderate rejections were treated with steroids or OKT3. Severe rejections were treated with OKT3. Results. Of the 16 patients that were followed up for an average of 9 months, 12 are alive with functioning grafts. Two patients experienced severe rejection, three experienced moderate rejection episodes, and seven experienced mild acute rejection episodes. Four patients never developed acute rejection. Infectious complications included a cytomegalovirus enteritis and four fungal infections (related to central venous access). Conclusions. The combination of alemtuzumab and Tac therapy without steroid use seems to efficiently prevent acute rejection in a significant number of patients without causing frequent opportunistic infections.
Marketplace Tensions in Extraordinary Experiences

Researchers have analyzed various forms of extraordinary consumption experiences, using Victor Turner’s conceptualization of antistructure with a particular focus on their rather romantic and communal aspects. While such a focus contributed greatly to our understanding of these experiences, it also resulted in overlooking much of their individuated characteristics such as boundaries, conflicts, competition, and positional struggles at the interpersonal level. This ethnographic study of commercialized climbing expeditions on Everest provides significant evidence that participants negotiate and manage various marketplace tensions within an individual performance ideology. Our study challenges quixotic use of Turner’s antistructure-structure dichotomy and extends it such that extraordinary experiences, when bought in the marketplace, can be very individualistic and competitive as opposed to being conducive to feelings of community and liminal camaraderie.
Relationship between job burnout and personal wellness in mental health professionals

This study aimed to determine the nature of the relationship between job burnout and personal wellness among mental health professionals. The authors performed intercorrelations and multivariate multiple regression analyses to identify the relationship between subscales of job burnout and personal wellness. Results showed that all subscales of job burnout, except for the Negative Work Environment subscale, significantly predicted a large amount of the variance in the collective personal wellness subscales. Implications for mental health professionals’ clinical practice, training, and supervision and limitations and prospects for future studies are discussed.
Indication for hepatic resection in the treatment of liver metastasis from gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND The significance of hepatic resection for liver metastasis after gastric cancer is not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hepatic resection in such patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on the outcome of 63 patients with liver metastases without other non-curative factors of gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with or without hepatic resection. RESULTS Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 61.9%, 17.2%, and 10.3%, respectively, with a median survival time of 16 months. This increased to 82.3%, 46.4%, and 37.1%, respectively, with a median survival time of 31.2 months in patients who underwent hepatic resection. Multivariate analysis showed that hepatic resection was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, unilobar liver metastases significantly influenced favorable prognosis in patients receiving hepatic resection by univariate analysis. CONCLUSION In patients with liver metastases, hepatic resection may be a therapeutic option in the presence of unilobar liver metastases.
Spontaneous Cdc42 Polarization Independent of GDI-Mediated Extraction and Actin-Based Trafficking

The small Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 is critical for cell polarization and polarizes spontaneously in absence of upstream spatial cues. Spontaneous polarization is thought to require dynamic Cdc42 recycling through Guanine nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor (GDI)-mediated membrane extraction and vesicle trafficking. Here, we describe a functional fluorescent Cdc42 allele in fission yeast, which demonstrates Cdc42 dynamics and polarization independent of these pathways. Furthermore, an engineered Cdc42 allele targeted to the membrane independently of these recycling pathways by an amphipathic helix is viable and polarizes spontaneously to multiple sites in fission and budding yeasts. We show that Cdc42 is highly mobile at the membrane and accumulates at sites of activity, where it displays slower mobility. By contrast, a near-immobile transmembrane domain-containing Cdc42 allele supports viability and polarized activity, but does not accumulate at sites of activity. We propose that Cdc42 activation, enhanced by positive feedback, leads to its local accumulation by capture of fast-diffusing inactive molecules.
Selection for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycosylation Variants with Shorter V1-V2 Loop Sequences Occurs during Transmission of Certain Genetic Subtypes and May Impact Viral RNA Levels

ABSTRACT Designing an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine will rely on understanding which variants, from among the myriad of circulating HIV-1 strains, are most commonly transmitted and determining whether such variants have an Achilles heel. Here we show that heterosexually acquired subtype A HIV-1 envelopes have signature sequences that include shorter V1-V2 loop sequences and fewer predicted N-linked glycosylation sites relative to the overall population of circulating variants. In contrast, recently transmitted subtype B variants did not, and this was true for cases where the major risk factor was homosexual contact, as well as for cases where it was heterosexual contact. This suggests that selection during HIV-1 transmission may vary depending on the infecting subtype. There was evidence from 23 subtype A-infected women for whom there was longitudinal data that those who were infected with viruses with fewer potential N-linked glycosylation sites in V1-V2 had lower viral set point levels. Thus, our study also suggests that the extent of glycosylation in the infecting virus could impact disease progression.
ITI choice for the optimal management of inhibitor patients – from a clinical and pharmacoeconomic perspective

The development of alloantibody inhibitors against factor VIII (FVIII) represents the most significant complication of haemophilia care. Inhibitors tend to develop early in the course of treatment in about 20–30% of patients with severe haemophilia who receive on‐demand or prophylactic FVIII therapy. Many factors are associated with inhibitor formation, including disease severity, major FVIII gene defects, family history and non‐Caucasian race, as well as age at first treatment, intensity of early treatment, use of prophylaxis and product choice. As these latter treatment‐related variables are modifiable, they provide opportunity to minimize inhibitor incidence at the clinical level. Data from the Bonn Centre in Germany have indicated an overall success rate of 78% for immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy, with a failure rate of 15% and with some treatments either ongoing (3%) or withdrawn (4%). Similarly, data from the G‐ITI study, the largest international multicentre ITI study using a single plasma‐derived (pd) FVIII/von Willebrand factor (VWF) product, have demonstrated success rates (complete and partial) in primary and rescue ITI of 87% and 74%, respectively, with 85% of poor prognosis patients achieving success. Favourable clinical results based on success rates and time to tolerization continue to be reported for use of pdFVIII/VWF in ITI, with pdFVIII/VWF having a particular role in patients who require rescue ITI and those with a poor prognosis for success. Data from prospective, randomized, controlled clinical studies, such as RES.I. ST (Rescue Immune Tolerance Study), are eagerly awaited. Another factor to consider with ITI therapy is cost; preliminary data from an updated decision analytic model have provided early evidence that ITI has an economic advantage compared with on‐demand or prophylactic therapy.
The warrior's beauty: the masculine body and self-identity in Bronze-Age Europe

AbstractThe concept of ideology has figured centrally in recent accounts of the fundamental social transformation sweeping Europe from the mid-fifth to second millennia BC. In particular, many have focussed on the human body as a principal medium of ideological expression, notably in terms of a growing 'prestige goods ideology'. This paper endeavours to expose the deficiencies of this model, which lie in its overly cynical nature and its disregard for the specific socio-cultural contours of status expression. Specifically, by linking the 'ideological' transformations of this Period to the development of a distinct institution, a male warrior status group, and its package of expressive themes - individualism, warfare, bodily ornamentation, horses and wheeled vehicles, the hunt, the ritual consumption of alcohol - I seek to demonstrate that the changing treatment of the human body in mortuary rites and in everyday life is more than ideological. In particular, it is implicated in the development of a coheren.
The CHILDES project: tools for analyzing talk

Language research thrives on data collected from spontaneous interactions in naturally occurring situations. However, the process of collecting, transcribing, and analyzing naturalistic data can be extremely time-consuming and often unreliable. This book describes three basic tools for language analysis of transcript data by computer that have been developed in the context of the "Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES)" project. These are: the "CHAT" transcription and coding format, the "CLAN" package of analysis programs, and the "CHILDES" database. These tools have brought about significant changes in the way research is conducted in the child language field. They are being used with great success by researchers working with second language learning, adult conversational interactions, sociological content analyses, and language recovery in aphasia, as well as by students of child language development. The tools are widely applicable, although this book concentrates on their use in the child language field, believing that researchers from other areas can make the necessary analogies to their own topics. This thoroughly revised 2nd edition includes documentation on a dozen new computer programs that have been added to the basic system for transcript analysis. The most important of these new programs is the "CHILDES" Text Editor (CED) which can be used for a wide variety of purposes, including editing non-Roman orthographies, systematically adding codes to transcripts, checking the files for correct use of "CHAT," and linking the files to digitized audio and videotape. In addition to information on the new computer programs, the manual documents changed the shape of the "CHILDES/BIB" system--given a major update in 1994--which now uses a new computer database system. The documentation for the "CHILDES" transcript database has been updated to include new information on old corpora and information on more than a dozen new corpora from many different languages. Finally, the system of "CHAT" notations for file transcript have been clarified to emphasize the ways in which the codes are used by particular "CLAN" programs. The new edition concludes with a discussion of new directions in transcript analysis and links between the "CHILDES" database and other developments in multimedia computing and global networking. It also includes complete references organized by research topic area for the more than 300 published articles that have made use of the "CHILDES" database and/or the "CLAN" programs. LEA also distributes the "CLAN" programs and the complete "CHILDES" Database--including corpora from several languages and discourse situations--described in "The CHILDES Project. " Be sure to choose the correct platform (IBM or Macintosh) for the "CLAN" programs; the "CHILDES" Database CD-ROM runs on both platforms.
Public imaginaries of development and complex subjectivities: the challenge for development studies

Abstract This paper argues that Development Studies has offered limited critical engagement with the complex ways in which development shapes the subjectivities of citizens in the Global North. Campaigns and experiences such as Make Poverty History, the “gap year” and the mainstreaming of fair trade all shape the ways in which Northern publics understand and respond to development issues. This is significant as established ideas of rich and poor are challenged and reinforced through austerity in the Global North, discourses around the “rising powers” and the closing of spaces for critical public debate on development. Research with the NGO CAFOD (Catholic Agency for Overseas Development) illustrates the ways social relations and identities interweave with development imaginaries in the Global North. A drawing together of postcolonial and cosmopolitan perspectives provides a starting point for rethinking scholarship and curricula in this area. Resume Les etudes du developpement ont offert peu d'engagement .
Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children of War

The aims of this study were to estimate the rate of post-traumatic stress reactions in Palestinian children who experienced war traumas, and to investigate the relationship between trauma-related factors and PTSD reactions. The sample consisted of 239 children of 6 to 11 years of age. Measures included the Rutter A2 (parent) and B2 (teacher) scales, the Gaza Traumatic Event Checklist, and the Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index. Of the sample, 174 children (72‐8%) reported PTSD reactions of at least mild intensity, while 98 (41%) reported moderate}severe PTSD reactions. Caseness on the Rutter A2 scale was detected in 64 children (26‐8%), which correlated well with detection of PTSD reactions, but not with teacher-detected caseness. The total number of experienced traumas was the best predictor of presence and severity of PTSD. Intervention programmes for post-war children need to be evaluated, taking into account developmental and cultural aspects, as well as characteristics of the communities involved.
Optimal Transmission Range for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Based on Energy Efficiency

The transmission range that achieves the most economical use of energy in wireless ad hoc networks is studied for uniformly distributed network nodes. By assuming the existence of forwarding neighbors and the knowledge of their locations, the average per-hop packet progress for a transmission range that is universal for all nodes is derived. This progress is then used to identify the optimal per-hop transmission range that gives the maximal energy efficiency. Equipped with this analytical result, the relation between the most energy-economical transmission range and the node density, as well as the path-loss exponent, is numerically investigated. It is observed that when the path-loss exponent is high (such as four), the optimal transmission ranges are almost identical over the range of node densities that we studied. However, when the path-loss exponent is only two, the optimal transmission range decreases noticeably as the node density increases. Simulation results also confirm the optimality of the per-hop transmission range that we found analytically.