Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of an English Dependency Corpus incorporating Compound Function Words

The recognition of multiword expressions (MWEs) in a sentence is important for such linguistic analyses as syntactic and semantic parsing, because it is known that combining an MWE into a single token improves accuracy for various NLP tasks, such as dependency parsing and constituency parsing. However, MWEs are not annotated in Penn Treebank. Furthermore, when converting word-based dependency to MWE-aware dependency directly, one could combine nodes in an MWE into a single node. Nevertheless, this method often leads to the following problem: A node derived from an MWE could have multiple heads and the whole dependency structure including MWE might be cyclic. Therefore we converted a phrase structure to a dependency structure after establishing an MWE as a single subtree. This approach can avoid an occurrence of multiple heads and/or cycles. In this way, we constructed an English dependency corpus taking into account compound function words, which are one type of MWEs that serve as functional expressions. In addition, we report experimental results of dependency parsing using a constructed corpus.
Marital Conflict Resolution

Thirty white, middle-class, married couples were interviewed concerning the strategies each spouse used in attempting to resolve a number of actual conflicts experienced by each couple. Four types of strategies are examined: authority, control, influence, and manipulation. Findings show that husbands win most conflicts regardless of the strategies they or their wives employ. Controls for possession of strategy-relevant resources, area of responsibility, and belief in the use of various strategies demonstrate no consistent relationship to strategy choice or conflict resolution outcome. Wife's employment status, husband's education, and the general degree of familial traditionalism are related to strategy choice and outcome, but controlling for these does not produce a relationship between strategy and outcome. The evidence suggests that individual conflicts are not resolved on an individual basis; general background factors of the marriage shape outcomes but the process by which they are translated into outcomes in specific cases is still unclear.
Examining Sense of Community among Medical Professionals in an Online Graduate Program.

As the number of online degree programs continues to grow, one of the greatest challenges is developing a sense of community among learners who do not convene at the same time and place. This study examined the sense of community among medical professionals in an online graduate program for healthcare professionals. We took the sample from a fully online program delivered jointly by a state university and a local children's hospital in the Midwest. We administered Rovai's Classroom Community Survey with 11 additional demographic questions. We also utilized online interviews to further explore students’ understanding of sense of community. A bi-factor model was fitted to the online sense of community survey data. Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) we identified potential group differences. The qualitative data were analyzed thematically in a recursive and iterative process. Study results suggested that a dominant factor existed: sense of community with two sub-domain factors including sense of learning and sense of connectedness. No significant differences in sense of community with regard to gender, native language, or area of medical practice were detected. However, results showed a difference in sense of community between the three courses examined. This study is the first to examine the sense of community among online medical professionals. Since our findings are in contrast to those of previous
Sinus surgery in children: Trends in Kosovo over a nine-year period

Aim: The paranasal sinuses are a common site of infection in children and adolescents and are associated with frequent morbidity. Rarely, life-threatening complications occur. The aim of this study was to investigate cases of sinus complications in children treated over the last nine years at the University Clinical Center, ENT Clinic, in Pristina, Kosovo. Methods: The total number of sinus complication was 56. Based on Chandler’s classification, the most frequent was group I, with palpebral inflammatory edema (27 cases), while the most infrequent was group V, with only one case of septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. Children with sinusitis with complications had markedly higher CRP levels (median: 10.05 mg/dL) and ESRs (median: 67 mm/h) than those with uncomplicated sinusitis (median CRP: 0.8 mg/dL; median ESR: 7 mm/h). Results: Six children underwent sinus surgery and 50 were treated with medications (p 0.05). Three of the children had more than one sinus infection (p>0.05). Of the 56 cases with sinus complications, 9.3% had nasal polyposis. Conclusions: Sinus complication surgery in children is decreasing in Kosovo not only because of treatment with aggressive antibiotic therapy, but also because of primary surgical interventions such as septoplasty, adenoidectomy and nasal polypectomy.
The effects of engineered nanoparticles on the cellular structure and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract In order to study the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) with different physicochemical properties on cellular viability and structure, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to different concentrations of TiO2-NPs (1–3 nm), ZnO-NPs (<100 nm), CuO-NPs (<50 nm), their bulk forms, Ag-NPs (10 nm) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The GreenScreen assay was used to measure cyto- and genotoxicity, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used to assess ultrastructure. CuO-NPs were highly cytotoxic, reducing the cell density by 80% at 9 cm2/ml, and inducing lipid droplet formation. Cells exposed to Ag-NPs (19 cm2/ml) and TiO2-NPs (147 cm2/ml) contained dark deposits in intracellular vacuoles, the cell wall and vesicles, and reduced cell density (40 and 30%, respectively). ZnO-NPs (8 cm2/ml) caused an increase in the size of intracellular vacuoles, despite not being cytotoxic. SWCNTs did not cause cytotoxicity or significant alterations in ultrastructure, despite high oxidative potential. Two genotoxicity assays, GreenScreen and the comet assay, produced different results and the authors discuss the reasons for this discrepancy. Classical assays of toxicity may not be the most suitable for studying the effects of NPs in cellular systems, and the simultaneous assessment of other measures of the state of cells, such as TEM are highly recommended.
Endurance Training and Sprint Performance in Elite Junior Cross-Country Skiers

Sandbakk, Ø, Welde, B, and Holmberg, H-C. Endurance training and sprint performance in elite junior cross-country skiers. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1299-1305, 2011-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between aerobic characteristics and sprint skiing performance, and the effects of high-intensity endurance training on sprint skiing performance and aerobic characteristics. Ten male and 5 female elite junior cross-country skiers performed an 8-week intervention training period. The intervention group (IG, n = 7) increased the volume of high-intensity endurance training performed in level terrain, whereas the control group (CG, n = 8) continued their baseline training. Before and after the intervention period, the skiers were tested for 1.5-km time-trial performance on roller skis outdoors in the skating technique. Maximal oxygen uptake (&OV0312;o2max) and oxygen uptake at the ventilatory threshold (&OV0312;o2VT) were measured during treadmill running. &OV0312;o2max and &OV0312;o2VT were closely related to sprint performance (r = ∼0.75, both p < 0.008). The IG improved sprint performance, &OV0312;o2max, and &OV0312;o2VT from pre to posttesting and improved sprint performance and &OV0312;o2VT when compared to the CG (all p < 0.01). This study shows a close relationship between aerobic power and sprint performance in cross-country skiing and highlights the positive effects of high-intensity endurance training in level terrain.
The successful resolution of armed hostage/barricade events in schools: A qualitative analysis

This article explores the perceptions and reactions of school and law enforcement personnel in the successful resolution of armed hostage and barricade events in schools. A total of 12 individuals from three schools were interviewed to determine (1) their salient roles related to the situations, (2) facilitative systemic conditions, (3) to what they attributed the successful resolution, and (4) their advice to other school professionals. Results suggest that establishment of trusting relationships between school personnel and all students is essential in successfully resolving school hostage and barricade events. In addition, respondents discussed the importance of awareness, training, and communications in resolving such events. Implications for school staff are included, along with limitations and future research directions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On LES of low-speed flows by high-order shock-capturing schemes with flow sensors

For the last decade, high-order shock-capturing methods with numerical dissipation controls have been the state-of-the-art numerical approach for direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows with shocks. See, for example Yee & Sjögreen (2010, 2007); Sjögreen & Yee (2004); Yee et al. (1999, 2012); Kotov et al. (2013, 2014); Lombardini et al. (2011); Johnsen et al. (2010); Touber & Sandham (2011); Lo et al. (2010). The majority of these methods involve flow sensors with parameter tuning applied depending on the flow type. Some of the flow sensors were designed for certain flow types and might not preserve their high accuracy when used to simulate a flow of a different type. In a study presented in Johnsen et al. (2010), all of the shockcapturing schemes involve tuning of the parameters. It appears that the Yee & Sjogreen filter scheme is not as accurate as the hybrid scheme presented in Johnsen et al. (2010) because the key parameter κ responsible for minimizing the numerical dissipation in the scheme of Yee & Sjögreen (2007) was set to a constant based on the initial flow Mach number. See (Yee & Sjögreen 2010; Kotov et al. 2013) for a description of better control of numerical dissipation using a local κ. The hybrid scheme presented in Johnsen et al. (2010) which employed the flow sensor of Ducros et al. (1999) also consists of a key tuning parameter δ. From our study presented below of the same Taylor-Green vortex problem considered in Johnsen et al. (2010), the cut-off parameter δ is set 1 to achieve the best accurate result. On the other hand, for the isotropic turbulence with shocklets test case, the Ducros et al. flow sensor δ parameter has to be greatly reduced, mostly by trial and error. Yet in another study (Kotov et al. 2014) for turbulence interacting with a high speed stationary shock, depending on the Mach number and turbulent Mach number, different values of δ are required for each case. In recognizing the different requirements on numerical dissipation control for DNS and LES of a variety of compressible flow types, Yee & Sjögreen (2010) presented a general framework for a local κ, and the accompanying variety of flow sensors were introduced into their high-order nonlinear filter scheme. Aside from suggesting different local κ formulation, Yee & Sjogreen also proposed the use of a combination of different flow sensors. Their proposed scheme with numerical dissipation control has not been studied extensively. A subset to the sequel to Yee & Sjögreen (2010) was presented in Yee et al. (2011); Kotov et al. (2013). This is yet another sequel to Yee & Sjogreen. The goal of this work is to examine the different combinations of flow sensors for DNS and LES of low-speed turbulent flows. For the LES numerical experiments, two low-speed flows are considered: (a) The 3D compressible viscous counterpart of the very low-speed shock-free turbulence Taylor-Green vortex problem considered in Johnsen et al. (2010) and (b) the same isotropic turbulence with shocklets as in Johnsen et al. (2010).
Emotional Feedback and Amplification in Social Interaction

This article develops an interactive, theoretical model of emotional feedback and amplification. Whereas the sociology of emotions typically examines how affect arises, this article focuses on the aftermath of an evoked emotion as it evolves in ongoing interaction. I argue that interactions serve as a stimulus to evoke emotional responses, but as interactions continue, these interactions provide an additional stimulus that feeds back into the initial emotion, amplifying it. I articulate two modes of emotional feedback and amplification: spontaneous and managed. Spontaneous amplification is a by-product of unplanned but continuous interactions. In contrast, managed amplification results from purposeful interactions and can be initiated through either surface acting or deep acting. The process of feedback and amplification is more likely under structural and cultural conditions that facilitate ongoing interactions. An empirical elaboration of the model is drawn from an ethnographic study of “TD's Restaurant. ” Examining how feedback and amplification occur in different settings is an ongoing task for sociologists interested in emotions, work and occupations, mental health, and social movements.
An unusual case of biliary obstruction caused by Dicrocoelium dentriticum

Dicrocoelium dentriticum (D. dentriticum) is a liver fluke induced biliary obstruction. Infection usually occurs in herbivores such as sheep, goats and deer; human infection is very rarely encountered in clinical practice. We report on a 65-y-old female presenting with biliary obstruction caused by D. dentriticum. Following treatment with triclobendazole, her symptoms disappeared, and laboratory values returned to normal range within 6 months. Parasitosis is an important cause of biliary obstruction. We suggest that for patients presenting with biliary obstruction, D. dentriticum should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Evaluating TBLT: The case of a task-based Spanish program

The need for foreign language education in the US has increased in recent years, and teaching methods based on traditional textbooks are unlikely to meet the real-world needs of current learners. As a response, interest in Language for Specific Purposes programs has grown and so has Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) methodology. This article describes and evaluates a recently developed, task-based Spanish course for a governmental agency, which was put in place to help employees conduct their jobs more efficiently. Three exploratory empirical studies undertaken to evaluate this program are presented and discussed: (1) a pilot study comparing the oral proficiency of students in the grammar-based course and students in the TBLT course; (2) a study to establish whether the students’ overall proficiency had improved as a result of the TBLT program; and (3) a qualitative study of students’ perceptions about the Spanish TBLT program. The results indicate that the task-based course not only prepares trainees to complete critical job tasks in the L2, but it also improves participants’ overall Spanish proficiency. These results contribute to the increasing evidence of the potential of TBLT for language learning.
Precarious workers in London: New forms of organisation and the city

This paper discusses precarious workers in London. The aim is to consider the particular challenges and possibilities for resistance in the context of London. It addresses the theoretical questions of precarity and its significance in post-Fordist capitalism. The innovations of the Operaismo—in terms of workers' inquiries, the concept of class composition and the strategy of refusal—provide the theoretical basis for the paper. The paper draws on two examples of recent struggles on university campuses, that of casual teaching staff and cleaners, which highlight different points. The first is that a method inspired by the tradition of the workers' inquiry can provide an important starting point for a campaign, combining knowledge production and a project of organisation. This is illustrated with the use of surveys as a starting point for a campaign at SOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies), University of London. The second example draws on the experience of the cleaners' campaigns at the University of London. The history of the dispute is considered along with the use of the London living wage and alternative forms of trade unionism. This paper argues that the particular pressures for precarious workers in London need to be considered, but could also be posed as potential demands from workers, drawing on Henri Lefebvre's notion of ‘the right to the city'. The conclusion of the argument is a call for further research that is attentive to the new forms of organisation that are emerging from workers' struggles and to how a consideration of urban demands could provide important opportunities for developing this further.
Lustration and Truth Claims: Unfinished Revolutions in Central Europe

This article focuses on discourses conducted in Central/East European countries, and Poland in particular, with respect to the issue of participation of former secret agents in the new power structures. It exposes the reader to the range, style, content, and variety of lustration discourses. It explores their relevance for the ongoing power struggle, paying special attention to their focus on and contribution to the processes of construction and control of truth about the past. Given that the procedural and legal-institutional issues occupy a marginal place in the debate, it is inferred that the main sources of discord are more ideological and political than legal. The two main strains within the global lustration discourse are identified as: (1) dystopian discourses that paint a frightful picture of a lustrated society and imply that the upheaval of lustration would ruin the chance for democratic evolution, and (2) affirmative discourses that assert the need for lustration and portray the refusal to implement it as a barrier to successful transition to democracy. The article elaborates on assumptions and beliefs, which tend to link the dystopian opposition to lustration with the left-wing political affiliation or self-identification and the affirmative discourse with the right-wing orientation.
Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance.

This study tests the merit of the distinction made by W. C. Borman and S. J. Motowidlo (1993) between task performance and contextual performance. Supervisors rated 421 U.S. Air Force mechanics on their task performance, contextual performance, and overall performance. Data on length of air force experience, ability, training performance, and personality were also available for many of these mechanics. Results showed that both task performance and contextual performance contribute independently to overall performance. Experience is more highly correlated with task performance than with contextual performance, and personality variables are more highly correlated with contextual performance than with task performance. These results support the distinction between task performance and contextual performance and confirm that performance, at least as judged by supervisors, is multidimensional
Meeting skills needs in a market-based training system: a study of employer perceptions and responses to training challenges in the Australian transport and logistics industry

Many countries are adopting market-based training systems to address industry skills needs. This paper examines the marketisation of Australia’s training system and the implications for training provision and outcomes in the Transport and Logistics industry. Drawing on qualitative interviews from industry employers and training providers, we examine the social structuring of the training market with reference to employer perceptions, behaviour and implications for the training system and outcomes. We conclude that the training market is not neutral but one shaped by major employers. Employers becoming enterprise training providers and training to their specific needs are identified as entrenching employer control over the training system with the unintended consequences of potentially restricting broader worker employability, marginalising the interests of smaller employers and contributing to unfavourable labour market outcomes. Enhanced social partnership is presented as a way to address these concerns and mitigate the negative consequences of training marketisation.
To Resist or Not to Resist?

Circumstances under which a sexual assault takes place and how these circumstances affect offenders’ reactions to victim resistance are not well understood. Previous studies have not thoroughly examined the interactions that take place between situational factors and resistance. Using a combination of logistic regression and Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analyses, we examine victim, situational, and crime characteristics of 426 sexual assaults involving victim resistance to determine which of these factors increase the likelihood of offender violence. Findings suggest that violence is affected by both the attack strategy employed by the offender and the type of resistance by the victim, along with several other qualifying factors.
Strategic Culture and Environmental Dimensions as Determinants of Anomie in Publicly-Traded and Privately-Held Firms

ABSTRACT: Anomie is a condition in which normative guidelines for governing conduct are absent. Using survey data from a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms, we explore the impact of internal (cultural) and external (environmental) determinants of organizational anomie. We suggest that four internal organizational factors can generate or suppress organizational anomie, including strategic aggressiveness, long-term orientation, competitor orientation, and strategic flexibility. Similarly, we argue that external contextual factors, including competitive intensity and technological turbulence, can influence organizational anomie. We extend anomie and ethics research by considering the impact of these firm cultural and environmental factors according to whether firms are publicly-traded or privately-held. Findings demonstrate that a number of firm cultural and environmental factors can generate or reduce anomie in firms. Moreover, strategic aggressiveness, long-term orientation, and strategic flexibility influence organizational anomie differently depending on whether the firm is publicly-traded or privately-held. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Anxiety-Disordered Adolescents With and Without a Comorbid Depressive Disorder

There is a high degree of comorbidity between anxiety and depressive disorders among treatment-seeking adolescents. Comorbid youth often present with greater diagnostic severity, worse social functioning, and more severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, compared with anxiety-disordered youth without depression. However, the degree to which these populations may differ in underlying affect and emotion regulation (ER) is largely unknown. This study compared 44 anxiety-disordered adolescents (ages 12-18 years) with a comorbid depressive disorder (ANX + DEP) and 32 anxiety-disordered adolescents without a comorbid depressive disorder (ANX) on several clinical and emotion-related variables. Results indicated that ANX + DEP adolescents were assigned higher clinician-rated diagnostic severity ratings, and reported greater functional impairment and more severe social anxiety and depressive symptoms, compared with ANX adolescents. In addition, ANX + DEP adolescents demonstrated higher levels of negative affect, lower levels of positive affect, and poorer self-reported and parent-reported ER. Implications for assessment and treatment, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.