Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: a review of seven movement skill assessment tools.

UNLABELLED The importance of movement is often overlooked because it is such a natural part of human life. It is, however, crucial for a child's physical, cognitive and social development. In addition, experiences support learning and development of fundamental movement skills. The foundations of those skills are laid in early childhood and essential to encourage a physically active lifestyle. Fundamental movement skill performance can be examined with several assessment tools. The choice of a test will depend on the context in which the assessment is planned. This article compares seven assessment tools which are often referred to in European or international context. It discusses the tools' usefulness for the assessment of movement skill development in general population samples. After a brief description of each assessment tool the article focuses on contents, reliability, validity and normative data. A conclusion outline of strengths and weaknesses of all reviewed assessment tools focusing on their use in educational research settings is provided and stresses the importance of regular data collection of fundamental movement skill development among preschool children. Key pointsThis review discusses seven movement skill assessment tool's test content, reliability, validity and normative samples.The seven assessment tools all showed to be of great value. Strengths and weaknesses indicate that test choice will depend on specific purpose of test use.Further data collection should also include larger data samples of able bodied preschool children.Admitting PE specialists in assessment of fundamental movement skill performance among preschool children is recommended.The assessment tool's normative data samples would benefit from frequent movement skill performance follow-up of today's children. ABBREVIATIONS MOT 4-6: Motoriktest fur vier- bis sechsjährige Kinder, M-ABC: Movement Assessment Battery for Children, PDMS: Peabody Development Scales, KTK: Körper-Koordinationtest für Kinder, TGDM: Test of Gross Motor Development, MMT: Maastrichtse Motoriektest, BOTMP: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient, NR: not reported, GM: gross motor, LV: long version, SV: short version, LF: long form, SF: short form, STV: subtest version, SEMs: standard errors of measurement, TMQ: Total Motor Quotient, TMC: Total Motor Composite, CSSA: Comprehensive Scales of Student Abilities MSEL: Mullen Scales of Early learning: AGS Edition AUC: Areas under curve BC: Battery composite ROC: Receiver operating characteristic.
Reduction of Retrovirus-Induced Immunosuppression by In Vivo Modulation of T Cells during Acute Infection

ABSTRACT Chronic infection with Friend retrovirus is associated with suppressed antitumor immune responses. In the present study we investigated whether modulation of T-cell responses during acute infection would restore antitumor immunity in persistently infected mice. T-cell modulation was done by treatments with DTA-1 anti- glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor monoclonal antibodies. The DTA-1 monoclonal antibody is nondepleting and delivers costimulatory signals that both enhance the activation of effector T cells and inhibit suppression by regulatory T cells. DTA-1 therapy produced faster Th1 immune responses, significant reductions in both acute virus loads and pathology and, most importantly, long-term improvement of CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor responses.
Observation of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations in Soudan 2

The effects of oscillations of atmospheric �µ are observed in the 5.90 fiducial kiloton-year exposure of the Soudan 2 detector. An unbinned maximum likelihood analysis of the neutrino L/E distribution has been carried out using the Feldman-Cousins prescription. The probability of the no oscillation hypothesis is 5.8×10 4 . The 90% confidence allowed region in the sin 2 2�,�m 2 plane is presented.
Orexin Receptor Targets for Anti-Relapse Medication Development in Drug Addiction

Drug addiction is a chronic illness characterized by high rates of relapse. Relapse to drug use can be triggered by re-exposure to drug-associated cues, stressful events, or the drug itself after a period of abstinence. Pharmacological intervention to reduce the impact of relapse-instigating factors offers a promising target for addiction treatment. Growing evidence has implicated an important role of the orexin/hypocretin system in drug reward and drug-seeking, including animal models of relapse. Here, we review the evidence for the role of orexins in modulating reward and drug-seeking in animal models of addiction and the potential for orexin receptors as specific targets for anti-relapse medication approaches.
Evaluation of complication rates and vertical bone gain after guided bone regeneration with non‐resorbable membranes versus titanium meshes and resorbable membranes. A randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background The partial edentulous posterior mandible is often a challenge area that requires a bone reconstructive surgery for implants placement. Purpose This RCT was aimed to evaluate complications rate and vertical bone gain after Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) with dense non‐resorbable d‐PTFE titanium‐reinforced membranes (Group A) versus titanium meshes covered by cross‐linked collagen membranes (Group B). Material and Methods 40 partially edentulous patients with atrophic posterior mandible, were randomly divided into two study group: 20 patients were treated with one stage GBR by means of non‐resorbable d‐PTFE titanium‐reinforced membranes (Group A); and 20 patients, by means of titanium mesh covered by cross‐linked collagen membranes (Group B). All complications were recorded, distinguishing between “surgical” and “healing” and between “minor” or “major. ”. Primary implants stability and vertical bone gain were also evaluated. Results In the group A, surgical and healing complication rates were 5.0% and 15.0%, respectively. In the group B, surgical and healing complication rates were 15.8% and 21.1%, respectively. No significant differences between two study group were observed regarding complications rate implant stability and vertical bone gain. Conclusions Both GBR approaches for the restoration of atrophic posterior mandible achieved similar results regarding complications, vertical bone gain and implant stability.
Dynamic Simulation-Based Action Planner for a Reconfigurable Hybrid Leg–Wheel Planetary Exploration Rover

In this paper, an action planning algorithm is presented for a reconfigurable hybrid leg–wheel mobile robot. Hybrid leg–wheel robots have recently receiving growing interest from the space community to explore planets, as they offer a solution to improve speed and mobility on uneven terrain. One critical issue connected with them is the study of an appropriate strategy to define when to use one over the other locomotion mode, depending on the soil properties and topology. Although this step is crucial to reach the full hybrid mechanism's potential, little attention has been devoted to this topic. Given an elevation map of the environment, we developed an action planner that selects the appropriate locomotion mode along an optimal path toward a point of scientific interest. This tool is helpful for the space mission team to decide the next move of the robot during the exploration. First, a candidate path is generated based on topology and specifications' criteria functions. Then, switching actions are defined along this path based on the robot's performance in each motion mode. Finally, the path is rated based on the energy profile evaluated using a dynamic simulator. The proposed approach is applied to a concept prototype of a reconfigurable hybrid wheel–leg robot for planetary exploration through extensive simulations and real experiments.
Psychiatric Morbidity and Emotional Exhaustion Among Hospital Physicians and Nurses: Association With Perceived Job-Related Factors

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate psychiatric morbidity and emotional exhaustion among physicians and nurses of a general hospital in central Italy, examining the association with perceived job-related factors. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed to all 323 hospital physicians and 609 nurses of a nonprofit health organization in Rome, Italy. Standardized instruments were used to evaluate psychiatric morbidity (General Health Questionnaire), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), and perceived job-related factors. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between job-related factors, psychiatric morbidity, and burnout, controlling for demographic factors. Questionnaires were returned by 155 physicians and 216 nurses (overall response rate 40%). Estimated prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 25% among physicians and 36.9% among nurses. Burnout on the emotional exhaustion scale affected 38.7% of physicians and 46.4% of nurses. Personnel with emotional exhaustion was at higher risk of psychiatric morbidity (p < .001). The likelihood of psychiatric morbidity among physicians was increased by perceived insufficient recognition of personal commitments by the unit's head (odds ratio [OR] = 4.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–15.1; p = .027), insufficient managerial ability of the unit's head (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 1.2–10.1; p = .023), and unsatisfactory communication (OR = 5.30; 95% CI 1.6–17.6; p = .006). Among nurses, psychiatric morbidity was associated with insufficient ability of the unit's head to solve conflicts, insufficient decisional power in relation to responsibilities, insufficient economic rewards and career possibilities, and working in surgery. Similar job-related factors were associated also with emotional exhaustion. Psychiatric morbidity and emotional exhaustion were relatively high, particularly among nurses. Specific job-related factors were associated with psychiatric morbidity and burnout. Improving these aspects is important for the well-being of hospital staff and the quality of patient care.
Earlier onset of pubertal maturation in Thai girls.

BACKGROUND Recent studies in the USA and Hong Kong demonstrated the onset of puberty in girls has shifted toward a younger age. Based upon previous studies on variations of pubertal maturation in Thai girls, the secular trend has also moved toward an earlier age. The latest study in 1995 revealed the mean age of menarche was 12.3 years. OBJECTIVES To identify the onset of puberty, menarche and pubarche in female children and adolescents in 2 Bangkok schools. METHOD Three hundred school girls aged 9-19 years were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from January 1997 through December 1999. Assessment of pubertal staging by Tanner's criteria was performed by a trained pediatrician. All were in good physical health and had normal height and weight. The median ages of thelarche, menarche and pubarche were estimated by probit analysis. All other parameters were expressed as mean +/- SD. RESULTS The median ages of thelarche and pubarche were 9.4 and 11.1 years, respectively. Two hundred and twenty one girls had experienced menstruation. The median age of menarche was 11.2 years, whereas, the mean age was 12.1 years. Most girls reached near final adult height after 14 years old. CONCLUSION The secular trend in decline of the ages of thelarche (or puberty) and menarche was observed in Bangkok girls. Further study in a larger population including a younger age group is required to define the current reference interval of onset of puberty.
Quality of private universities in Pakistan: An analysis of higher education commission rankings 2012

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the development of education in private sector universities in Pakistan as compared to public universities. Additionally, the purpose is to understand the quality of education in private universities in light of the 2012 higher education commission (HEC), Pakistan ranking data.Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes the data shared by HEC at its web site (http://hec.gov.pk) and compares the total scores and the scores for research of private universities in the top ten ranking within the given categories. This comparison is used to evaluate issues related to access and quality of private higher education in Pakistan.Findings – The private higher education sector is agile and more responsive to market demands. Furthermore, it has allowed the “youth bulge” of Pakistan access to higher education. However, with few exceptions the quality of private higher education is inadequate.Originality/value – The need for Pakistan to reform its ed.
Comparison of Short-Term Outcomes of Geriatric Distal Femur and Femoral Neck Fractures

Purpose: To compare and contrast postoperative complications in the geriatric population following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for (DF) fractures relative to femoral neck (FN) fractures. Methods: Patients aged 65 years and older in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent ORIF for FN fractures or DF fractures from 2005 to 2012 were identified. Differences in rates of any adverse events (AAEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), infectious complications, and mortality between groups were explored using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The DF cohort had a higher proportion of females (81.95% vs 71.35%, P < .001), were younger (79.41 ± 7.93 vs 82.11 ± 7.26 years old, P < .001), and had a lower age adjusted modified Charlson comorbidity index score (4.22 ± 1.32 vs 4.49 ± 1.35, P = .02). Cases with DF and FN did not differ in AAE (20.05% vs 20.20%, P = .94), SAE (12.03% vs 13.19%, P = .51), infectious complication (4.26% vs 4.22%, P = .97), hospital length of stay (7.32 ± 6.73 days vs 7.02 ± 10.67 days, P = .59), or mortality rates (4.51% vs 5.99%, P = .23). Multivariate analyses revealed that fracture type did not impact AAE (P = .28), SAE (P = .58), infectious complications (P = .83), or mortality (P = .85) rates. Conclusion: Postoperative morbidity and mortality of geriatric patients who sustain DF and FN fractures treated operatively were comparable. This information can be used when risk stratifying and prognosticating for elderly patients undergoing these procedures.
Strategizing in pluralistic contexts: Rethinking theoretical frames

Pluralistic organizations characterized by multiple objectives, diffuse power and knowledge-based work processes present a complex challenge both for strategy theorists and for strategy practitioners because the very nature of strategy as usually understood (an explicit and unified direction for the organization) appears to contradict the natural dynamics of these organizations. Yet pluralism is to some extent always present in organizations and perhaps increasingly so. This article explores the usefulness of three alternate and complementary theoretical frames for understanding and influencing strategy practice in pluralistic contexts: Actor-Network Theory, Conventionalist Theory and the social practice perspective. Each of these frameworks has a predominant focus on one of the fundamental attributes of pluralism: power, values and knowledge. Together, they offer a multi-faceted understanding of the complex practice of strategizing in pluralistic contexts.
Stability of polling systems with exhaustive service policies and state-dependent routing

We consider a polling system with a finite number of stations fed by compound Poisson arrival streams of customers asking for service. A server travels through the system and upon arrival at a station the server serves all waiting customers until the queue is empty, where the service time distribution depends on the station. The choice of the station to be visited next as well as the corresponding walking time may depend on the whole current state. Examples are systems with a greedy-type routing mechanism. Under appropriate independence assumptions it is proved that the system is stable if and only if the workload is less than one. POLLING SYSTEM; STABILITY; ERGODICITY OF MARKOV CHAINS; GREEDY SERVER AMS 1991 SUBJECT CLASSIFICATIONS: PRIMARY 60K25, SECONDARY 60J27 ∗This work was done while the first author held a visiting position at Technical University of Braunschweig. Partial support was provided by the INTAS grant 93–820.
Symmetry-Preserving Observers

This paper presents the theory of invariant observers, i.e, symmetry-preserving observers. We consider an observer to consist of a copy of the system and a correction term, and we propose a constructive method (based on the Cartan moving-frame method) to find all the symmetry-preserving correction terms. The construction relies on an invariant frame (a classical notion) and on an invariant output-error, a less standard notion precisely defined here. Using the theory we build three non-linear observers for three examples of engineering interest: a non-holonomic car, a chemical reactor, and an inertial navigation system. For each example, the design is based on physical symmetries and the convergence analysis relies on the use of invariant state-errors, a symmetry-preserving way to define the estimation error.
Apolipoprotein‐Containing Lipoprotein Subclasses and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Traditional classification of hyperlipidemia using high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low‐density lipoprotein does not provide information on lipoprotein function. Apolipoproteins (Apos), which are protein components of plasma lipoproteins (including A, B, C, D, E) with their different composition, metabolic, and atherogenic properties, provide insight on lipoprotein functioning. In particular, the Apo B/A‐I ratio is associated with atherogenic LDL and development of cardiovascular disease. We explored the baseline association between these nontraditional risk factors with subclinical measures of atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcification [CAC] and carotid intima‐media thickness [IMT]) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Parenchymal texture measures weighted by breast anatomy: preliminary optimization in a case-control study

Growing evidence suggests that quantitative descriptors of the parenchymal texture patterns hold a valuable role in assessing an individual woman’s risk for breast cancer. In this work, we assess the hypothesis that breast cancer risk factors are not uniformly expressed in the breast parenchymal tissue and, therefore, breast-anatomy-weighted parenchymal texture descriptors, where different breasts ROIs have non uniform contributions, may enhance breast cancer risk assessment. To this end, we introduce an automated breast-anatomy-driven methodology which generates a breast atlas, which is then used to produce a weight map that reinforces the contributions of the central and upper-outer breast areas. We incorporate this methodology to our previously validated lattice-based strategy for parenchymal texture analysis. In the framework of a pilot case-control study, including digital mammograms from 424 women, our proposed breast-anatomy-weighted texture descriptors are optimized and evaluated against non weighted texture features, using regression analysis with leave-one-out cross validation. The classification performance is assessed in terms of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic. The collective discriminatory capacity of the weighted texture features was maximized (AUC=0.87) when the central breast area was considered more important than the upperouter area, with significant performance improvement (DeLong's test, p-value<0.05) against the non-weighted texture features (AUC=0.82). Our results suggest that breast-anatomy-driven methodologies have the potential to further upgrade the promising role of parenchymal texture analysis in breast cancer risk assessment and may serve as a reference in the design of future studies towards image-driven personalized recommendations regarding women’s cancer risk evaluation.
Safety of Insulin Glargine in Pregnancy

Aim: Although insulin glargine is frequently being used in pregnancy, it is not approved by the FDA as the data on its safety is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of insulin glargine use in pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods: From the perinatal center at Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, Michigan the charts of 92 women with diabetes (gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes) who were treated with insulin glargine during pregnancy were reviewed. Maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded. Results: Eighteen women had continued pre-pregnancy insulin glargine use through pregnancy and 74 were started on insulin glargine during pregnancy. The average HbA1c was 7.7%, 7.1% and 6.3% respectively in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester. 31% of the woman had hypoglycemic episodes. No maternal deaths were reported. One pregnancy resulted in intrauterine fetal death. The rate of cesarean sections was 45% and the average age of gestation at delivery was 36 weeks. 12% of the newborns had macrosomia (defined as birth weight >4000 pounds), 2% had shoulder dystocia, and 7% had neonatal hypoglycemia. The data were compared to the outcome from prior studies of pregnant patients in NPH and insulin glargine. Conclusion: We present data on maternal and perinatal outcomes with use of insulin glargine during pregnancy at our institution. Our data compares favorably with the outcome from other studies of pregnant patients using NPH insulin.
Disentangling Representations of Object and Grasp Properties in the Human Brain

The properties of objects, such as shape, influence the way we grasp them. To quantify the role of different brain regions during grasping, it is necessary to disentangle the processing of visual dimensions related to object properties from the motor aspects related to the specific hand configuration. We orthogonally varied object properties (shape, size, and elongation) and task (passive viewing, precision grip with two or five digits, or coarse grip with five digits) and used representational similarity analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data to infer the representation of object properties and hand configuration in the human brain. We found that object elongation is the most strongly represented object feature during grasping and is coded preferentially in the primary visual cortex as well as the anterior and posterior superior-parieto-occipital cortex. By contrast, primary somatosensory, motor, and ventral premotor cortices coded preferentially the number of digits while ventral-stream and dorsal-stream regions coded a mix of visual and motor dimensions. The representation of object features varied with task modality, as object elongation was less relevant during passive viewing than grasping. To summarize, this study shows that elongation is a particularly relevant property of the object to grasp, which along with the number of digits used, is represented within both ventral-stream and parietal regions, suggesting that communication between the two streams about these specific visual and motor dimensions might be relevant to the execution of efficient grasping actions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To grasp something, the visual properties of an object guide preshaping of the hand into the appropriate configuration. Different grips can be used, and different objects require different hand configurations. However, in natural actions, grip and object type are often confounded, and the few experiments that have attempted to separate them have produced conflicting results. As such, it is unclear how visual and motor properties are represented across brain regions during grasping. Here we orthogonally manipulated object properties and grip, and revealed the visual dimension (object elongation) and the motor dimension (number of digits) that are more strongly coded in ventral and dorsal streams. These results suggest that both streams play a role in the visuomotor coding essential for grasping.