Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Markerless garment capture

A lot of research has recently focused on the problem of capturing the geometry and motion of garments. Such work usually relies on special markers printed on the fabric to establish temporally coherent correspondences between points on the garment's surface at different times. Unfortunately, this approach is tedious and prevents the capture of off-the-shelf clothing made from interesting fabrics. In this paper, we describe a marker-free approach to capturing garment motion that avoids these downsides. We establish temporally coherent parameterizations between incomplete geometries that we extract at each timestep with a multiview stereo algorithm. We then fill holes in the geometry using a template. This approach, for the first time, allows us to capture the geometry and motion of unpatterned, off-the-shelf garments made from a range of different fabrics.
Farm-level risk factors for fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli and thermophilic Campylobacter spp. on finisher pig farms

SUMMARY Logistic regression, supported by other statistical analyses was used to explore the possible association of risk factors with the fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistance status of 108 pig finisher farms in Great Britain. The farms were classified as ‘affected’ or ‘not affected’ by FQ-resistant E. coli or Campylobacter spp. on the basis of isolation of organisms from faecal samples on media containing 1 mg/l FQ. The use of FQ was the most important factor associated with finding resistant E. coli and/or Campylobacter, which were found on 79% (FQ-resistant E. coli) and 86% (FQ-resistant Campylobacter) of farms with a history of FQ use. However, resistant bacteria were also found on 19% (FQ-resistant E. coli) and 54% (FQ-resistant Campylobacter) of farms with no history of FQ use. For FQ-resistant E. coli, biosecurity measures may be protective and there was strong seasonal variation, with more farms found affected when sampled in the summer. For FQ-resistant Campylobacter, the buying-in of grower stock may increase risk and good on-farm hygiene may be protective. The findings suggest that resistant organisms, particularly Campylobacter, may spread between pig farms.
Mining Maximal Frequent Subgraphs in KEGG Reaction Networks

In this paper we employ a recent algorithm by Zantema et al. for detecting maximal frequent subgraphs (MFS) in collections of graphs corresponding tobiological networks from the KEGG database. Each graph of a particular collection corresponds to one organism and represents one pathway or a union of pathways of this organism. Previously the MFS algorithm has been applied only to graphs that have enzymes as nodes. In this paper we introduce a new type of graphs, reaction graphs, which contain more information than the enzyme graphs. We apply the MFS algorithm to reaction graphs obtained from the KEGG network. Earlier the MFS algorithm was tested only on smaller graphs of individual metabolic pathways. In this paper we show that the algorithm can cope with large collections (containing more than 600 graphs) of large graphs (comprising more than 5000 edges). Moreover, the results are produced in real time - within a few seconds - which is important for on-line applications of the algorithm. Also, our results confirm the the feasibility of the maximal frequent subgraphs approach for finding similarities and relationships between different organisms - the more similar the graphs in the collection, the larger the size of the found maximal frequent subgraphs.
Functional site profiling and electrostatic analysis of cysteines modifiable to cysteine sulfenic acid

Cysteine sulfenic acid (Cys‐SOH), a reversible modification, is a catalytic intermediate at enzyme active sites, a sensor for oxidative stress, a regulator of some transcription factors, and a redox‐signaling intermediate. This post‐translational modification is not random: specific features near the cysteine control its reactivity. To identify features responsible for the propensity of cysteines to be modified to sulfenic acid, a list of 47 proteins (containing 49 known Cys‐SOH sites) was compiled. Modifiable cysteines are found in proteins from most structural classes and many functional classes, but have no propensity for any one type of protein secondary structure. To identify features affecting cysteine reactivity, these sites were analyzed using both functional site profiling and electrostatic analysis. Overall, the solvent exposure of modifiable cysteines is not different from the average cysteine. The combined sequence, structure, and electrostatic approaches reveal mechanistic determinants not obvious from overall sequence comparison, including: (1) pKas of some modifiable cysteines are affected by backbone features only; (2) charged residues are underrepresented in the structure near modifiable sites; (3) threonine and other polar residues can exert a large influence on the cysteine pKa; and (4) hydrogen bonding patterns are suggested to be important. This compilation of Cys‐SOH modification sites and their features provides a quantitative assessment of previous observations and a basis for further analysis and prediction of these sites. Agreement with known experimental data indicates the utility of this combined approach for identifying mechanistic determinants at protein functional sites.
Reclassification as Supervised Clustering

In some branches of science, such as molecular biology, classes may be defined but not completely trusted. Sometimes posterior analysis proves them to be partially incorrect. Despite its relevance, this phenomenon has not received much attention within the neural computation community. We define reclassification as the task of redefining some given classes by maximum likelihood learning in a model that contains both supervised and unsupervised information. This approach leads to supervised clustering with an additional complexity penalizing term on the number of new classes. As a proof of concept, a simple reclassification algorithm is designed and applied to a data set of gene sequences. To test the performance of the algorithm, two of the original classes are merged. The algorithm is capable of unraveling the original three-class hidden structure, in contrast to the unsupervised version (K-means); moreover, it predicts the subdivision of one of the original classes into two different ones.
Commentary: Differential Cerebral Response to Somatosensory Stimulation of an Acupuncture Point vs. Two Non-Acupuncture Points Measured with EEG and fMRI

Acupuncture is a traditional form of Asian medicine; the practice involves needling the invisible lines, called meridians, on the skin’s surface that have acupuncture points within and run longitudinally up and down the human body. However, modern anatomy does not well support the existence of meridians and acupuncture (Litscher, 2014). On the other hand, some researchers have asserted that acupuncture point stimulation caused human somatosensory cortex responses being detected in an fMRI. This phenomenon has been regarded as indirect evidence of the specificity of acupuncture points, although the evidences are debatable (Cho et al., 1998, 2006). In a recent article by Nierhaus et al. (2015) that evaluated acupuncture-induced brain responses using both an EEG and an fMRI, the authors concluded that the needles inserted into a known acupuncture point, named ST36, led to different EEG and fMRI patterns as compared to the needling of two non-acupuncture points. I am expressing my opinions on the choice of the non-acupuncture point labeled Control Point 1 (CP1) in the above article.
The two-gradient hypothesis in primary induction. The combined effect of two types of inductors mixed in different ratios.

On the basis of certain earlier suggestions made by Lehmann (1950) and Yamada (1950), together with our own experimental data, a modification of the two-gradient hypothesis of primary induction was presented by us some years ago (Toivonen & Saxen, 1955). Subsequently, this theory has often been referred to, accepted or criticized, and even misunderstood. There may thus be reasons for discussing it in the light of some recent experimental data. At present there are limits to our opportunities of studying what is obviously the most important point in embryonic induction, the induction process itself. Simultaneously with such experiments on the induction process it is therefore necessary to continue research work on classical lines, and to obtain a further clarification of the causal relationships between the inductor and its morphogenetic action. A variety of qualitative investigations in this category have been made, but conceptions of the different quantities and the ratios of the active agents which participate in the primary induction are still based on indirect data.
Action of leptin on bone and its relationship to menopause.

BACKGROUND Leptin a cytokine protein secreted by adipose tissue raises considerable interest as a potential mediator of the protective effects of fat mass on bone tissue. After menopause heavier women conserve bone mass better than those with lower body weight. The protective effect of obesity on bone mass has been ascribed to a high body fat content. As Leptin levels reflect the body fat content it has emerged as a possible mediator of these protective effects. METHODS A search of the available literature focused on the role of leptin on bone tissue. RESULTS Both peripheral and central action of leptin on bone metabolism have been proposed. In vitro and in vivo evidence supports the hypothesis that leptin can act directly or indirectly on bone remodelling by modulating both osteoblast and osteoclast activities. However, studies in humans have not yet been able to confirm these actions possibly because of the shifting balance between stimulatory direct action and suppressive indirect action of leptin on bones via the hypothalamus. The effects of oestrogen decline and deficiency during natural or artificially induced menopause and administration of hormone replacement therapy has on leptin production remains controversial. Various studies have shown differences in leptin values in pre- and postmenopausal women. The existing clinical data on this issue are discordant. CONCLUSION Larger clinical studies are necessary to clarify leptin's role in vivo and to assess the contribution of the central and peripheral role of leptin in the overall maintenance of bone turnover in human beings.
The Role of Degree Distribution in Shaping the Dynamics in Networks of Sparsely Connected Spiking Neurons

Neuronal network models often assume a fixed probability of connection between neurons. This assumption leads to random networks with binomial in-degree and out-degree distributions which are relatively narrow. Here I study the effect of broad degree distributions on network dynamics by interpolating between a binomial and a truncated power-law distribution for the in-degree and out-degree independently. This is done both for an inhibitory network (I network) as well as for the recurrent excitatory connections in a network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons (EI network). In both cases increasing the width of the in-degree distribution affects the global state of the network by driving transitions between asynchronous behavior and oscillations. This effect is reproduced in a simplified rate model which includes the heterogeneity in neuronal input due to the in-degree of cells. On the other hand, broadening the out-degree distribution is shown to increase the fraction of common inputs to pairs of neurons. This leads to increases in the amplitude of the cross-correlation (CC) of synaptic currents. In the case of the I network, despite strong oscillatory CCs in the currents, CCs of the membrane potential are low due to filtering and reset effects, leading to very weak CCs of the spike-count. In the asynchronous regime of the EI network, broadening the out-degree increases the amplitude of CCs in the recurrent excitatory currents, while CC of the total current is essentially unaffected as are pairwise spiking correlations. This is due to a dynamic balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents. In the oscillatory regime, changes in the out-degree can have a large effect on spiking correlations and even on the qualitative dynamical state of the network.
Quark mass corrections to the Z boson decay rates.

The results of a perturbative QCD evaluation of the {approximately}{ital m}{sup 2}{sub {ital f}}/{ital M}{sup 2}{sub {ital Z}} contributions to {Gamma}{sub {ital Z}{r_arrow}{ital b{bar b}}} and {Gamma}{sub {ital Z}{r_arrow}hadrons} for the quark masses {ital m}{sub {ital f}}{lt}{ital M}{sub {ital Z}} are presented. The recent results due to the combination of renormalization group constraints and the results of several other calculations are independently confirmed by direct computation. Some existing confusion in the literature is clarified. In addition, the calculated {ital O}({alpha}{sup 2}{sub {ital s}}) correction to the correlation function in the axial channel is a necessary ingredient for the yet uncalculated axial part of the {ital O}({alpha}{sup 3}{sub {ital s}}) mass correction to the {ital Z} decay rates. The results can be applied to the {tau} hadronic width. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection: novel approaches in different genders.

OBJECTIVES To discuss the feasibility, safety and superiority of novel approaches in single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection in different genders. METHODS The clinical data of patients who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection were analysed. A total of 197 consecutive male patients from January 2012 to December 2014, and 72 female patients from June 2013 to December 2014 were included retrospectively. Of the males, 65 received a transareolar single-port procedure (TASP Group) and 132 received a standard two-port procedure (Standard Group A). Among the females, 18 were treated with a subxiphoid single-port procedure (SXSP Group), and 54 were treated with the standard procedure (Standard Group B). The general clinical materials and surgical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS All patients underwent total thoracoscopic wedge resection successfully, and no severe complications were observed. In men, there were no significant differences in operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage amount, chest drainage duration, postoperative hospital stay or pain score on the first postoperative day (P = 0.827; 0.423; 0.174; 0.440; 0.115; 0.159, respectively). The pain scores of the TASP Group on the day before and after removal of the chest tube were lower (P = 0.006; 0.023, respectively) than those of Standard Group A, and the incision-associated paraesthesia in the third and sixth month after operation was reduced (P = 0.041; 0.026, respectively). The incision satisfaction degree was significantly improved in the TASP Group (P = 0.001). In women, there were no significant differences in blood loss, drainage amount, chest drainage duration or postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.680; 0.757; 0.651; 0.608, respectively). The operation time of the SXSP Group was longer (P = 0.000), and the pain scores on the first postoperative day and the days before and after removal were all significantly lower (P = 0.000; 0.000; 0.000, respectively) than those of the Standard Group B. Furthermore, the incision paraesthesia 3 and 6 months after surgery was greatly reduced (P = 0.001; 0.001, respectively), although the patients were not very satisfied with the cosmetic results (P = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS In single-port thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection, we performed 'individualized' procedures based on gender, namely, the transareolar approach in males and the subxiphoid approach in females. These procedures were considered feasible and safe, and showed superiority in reducing postoperative pain. However, the cosmetic results of the subxiphoid approach require further improvement.
Turbo-coded OFDM transmission over a nonlinear channel

In this paper, deliberate level clipping and turbo coding are combined to achieve an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system with a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) and a good performance. Using the linear approximation technique based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, we first modify the metric computation for the turbo decoding in order to consider the distortion effects of the nonlinearity, caused by the Cartesian clipper. Also, this paper introduces a modified turbo decoder which simultaneously performs the data estimation and signal reconstruction. In other words, the turbo decoder iteratively recovers the clipped signal by using the estimated data, and then improves the data estimation by using the newly recovered signal. Numerical results are presented showing an improvement in the performance of the OFDM transmission system over the nonlinear channel, an increase in the efficiency of the high power amplifier (HPA), and/or an expansion of the transmitter coverage area.
Endovascular uterine artery interventions

Abstract Percutaneous vascular embolization plays an important role in the management of various gynecologic and obstetric abnormalities. Transcatheter embolization is a minimally invasive alternative procedure to surgery with reduced morbidity and mortality, and preserves the patient's future fertility potential. The clinical indications for transcatheter embolization are much broader and include many benign gynecologic conditions, such as fibroid, adenomyosis, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), as well as intractable bleeding due to inoperable advanced-stage malignancies. The most well-known and well-studied indication is uterine fibroid embolization. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) may be performed to prevent or treat bleeding associated with various obstetric conditions, including postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), placental implantation abnormality, and ectopic pregnancy. Embolization of the uterine artery or the internal iliac artery also may be performed to control pelvic bleeding due to coagulopathy or iatrogenic injury. This article discusses these gynecologic and obstetric indications for transcatheter embolization and reviews procedural techniques and outcomes.
Production of a mouse monoclonal antibody reactive with a human nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation

The production of a mouse monoclonal antibody, Ki‐67, is described. The Ki‐67 antibody recognized a nuclear antigen present in proliferating cells, but absent in resting cells. Immunostainings with Ki‐67 revealed nuclear reactivity in cells of germinal centres of cortical follicles, cortical thymocytes, neck cells of gastrointestinal mucosa, un‐differentiated spermatogonia and cells of a number of human cell lines. The Ki‐67 antibody did not react with cells known to be in a resting stage, such as lymphocytes, monocytes, parietal cells and Paneth's cells of gastrointestinal mucosa, hepatocytes, renal cells, mature sperm cells, brain cells, etc. Expression of the antigen recognized by Ki‐67 could be induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, whereas it disappeared from HL‐60 cells stimulated with phorbol esters to differentiate into mature macrophages in a resting stage. These findings suggest that Ki‐67 is directed against a nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation. A first series of immunostainings of tumour biopsies indicated that Ki‐67 may be a potent tool for easy and quick evaluation of the proportion of proliferating cells in a tumour.
Mechanisms controlling choline transport and acetylcholine synthesis in motor nerve terminals during electrical stimulation

Electrical stimulation of the chick ciliary nerve leads to a frequency- dependent increase in the Na+-dependent high affinity uptake of [3H]choline (SDHACU) and its conversion to acetylcholine (ACh) in the nerve terminals innervating the iris muscle. The forces that drive this choline (Ch) uptake across the presynaptic membrane were evaluated. Depolarization with increased [K+] out or veratridine decreases Ch accumulation. In addition to the electrical driving force, energy is provided by the Na+ gradient. Inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase decreased the Ch taken up. Thus, changes in the rate of Ch transport are dependent on the electrochemical gradients for both Ch and Na+. Ch uptake and ACh synthesis were increased after a conditioning preincubation with high [K+] out or veratridine. As is the case for electrical stimulation, this acceleration of Ch uptake and ACh synthesis was strongly dependent on the presence of Ca++ in the incubation medium. Na+ influx through a TTX-sensitive channel also contributed to this acceleration. Inasmuch as membrane depolarization reduces the initial velocity of Ch uptake and ACh synthesis, their increases during electrical stimulation therefore cannot be the direct effect of the depolarization phase of the action potential. Instead they are the result of the ionic fluxes accompanying the presynaptic spike. It is concluded that stimulation of Ch uptake and ACh synthesis by nerve activity depends first, on the ACh release elicited by Ca++ influx after depolarization and second, on the activation of the Na,K- ATPase due to Na+ entry. Furthermore, it is suggested that the release of ACh after stimulation drives translocation of cytoplasmic ACh into a protected compartment (probably vesicular). This recompartmentation of intraterminal ACh stimulates ACh synthesis by mass action, allowing further accumulation of Ch.