Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and oscillating expression of period and cryptochrome in short and long photoperiods suggest a conserved function in Nasonia vitripennis

Photoperiodism, the ability to respond to seasonal varying day length with suitable life history changes, is a common trait in organisms that live in temperate regions. In most studied organisms, the circadian system appears to be the basis for photoperiodic time measurement. In insects this is still controversial: while some data indicate that the circadian system is causally involved in photoperiodism, others suggest that it may have a marginal or indirect role. Resonance experiments in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis have revealed a circadian component in photoperiodic time measurement compatible with a mechanism of internal coincidence where a two components oscillator system obtains information from dawn and dusk, respectively. The identity of this oscillator (or oscillators) is still unclear but possible candidates are the oscillating molecules of the auto-regulatory feedback loops in the heart of the circadian system. Here, we show for the first time the circadian oscillation of period and cryptochrome mRNAs in the heads of Nasonia females kept under short and long photoperiods. Period and cryptochrome mRNA levels display a synchronous oscillation in all conditions tested and persist, albeit with reduced amplitude, during the first day in constant light as well as constant darkness. More importantly, the signal for the period and cryptochrome oscillations is set by the light-on signal. These results, together with phylogenetic analyses, indicate that Nasonia’s period and cryptochrome display characteristics of homologous genes in other hymenopteran species.
A House United: Bridging the Script and Lexical Barrier between Hindi and Urdu

In Computational Linguistics, Hindi and Urdu are not viewed as a monolithic entity and have received separate attention with respect to their text processing. From part-of-speech tagging to machine translation, models are separately trained for both Hindi and Urdu despite the fact that they represent the same language. The reasons mainly are their divergent literary vocabularies and separate orthographies, and probably also their political status and the social perception that they are two separate languages. In this article, we propose a simple but efficient approach to bridge the lexical and orthographic differences between Hindi and Urdu texts. With respect to text processing, addressing the differences between the Hindi and Urdu texts would be beneficial in the following ways: (a) instead of training separate models, their individual resources can be augmented to train single, unified models for better generalization, and (b) their individual text processing applications can be used interchangeably under varied resource conditions. To remove the script barrier, we learn accurate statistical transliteration models which use sentence-level decoding to resolve word ambiguity. Similarly, we learn cross-register word embeddings from the harmonized Hindi and Urdu corpora to nullify their lexical divergences. As a proof of the concept, we evaluate our approach on the Hindi and Urdu dependency parsing under two scenarios: (a) resource sharing, and (b) resource augmentation. We demonstrate that a neural network-based dependency parser trained on augmented, harmonized Hindi and Urdu resources performs significantly better than the parsing models trained separately on the individual resources. We also show that we can achieve near state-of-the-art results when the parsers are used interchangeably.
Bacterial recovery and recycling of tellurium from tellurium‐containing compounds by Pseudoalteromonas sp. EPR3

Tellurium‐based devices, such as photovoltaic (PV) modules and thermoelectric generators, are expected to play an increasing role in renewable energy technologies. Tellurium, however, is one of the scarcest elements in the earth's crust, and current production and recycling methods are inefficient and use toxic chemicals. This study demonstrates an alternative, bacterially mediated tellurium recovery process.
Anti-Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody Therapy-Induced Retinopathy in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Tocilizumab, a humanized anti-human interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody, is beneficial for treating autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The most common adverse event is upper respiratory tract infection; ocular side effects are rare. We describe a case of skin ulceration and bilateral retinopathy with multifocal cotton-wool spots and retinal hemorrhages in a patient with RA treated with tocilizumab. Tocilizumab administration increased the serum level of IL-6 without affecting the IL-8 levels. We could not exclude the possibility of blood coagulation or retinal vascular changes caused by tocilizumab. The current case highlights the need to consider that ocular adverse effects can develop in patients treated with tocilizumab.
The contractile vacuole in Ca 2 +-regulation in Dictyostelium : its essential function for cAMP-induced Ca 2 +-influx

Background: cAMP-induced Ca2+-influx in Dictyostelium is controlled by at least two nonmitochondrial Ca2+-stores: acidic stores and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The acidic stores may comprise the contractile vacuole network (CV), the endosomal compartment and acidocalcisomes. Here the role of CV in respect to function as a potential Ca2+-store was investigated. Results: Dajumin-GFP labeled contractile vacuoles were purified 7-fold by anti-GFP-antibodies in a magnetic field. The purified CV were shown for the first time to accumulate and release Ca2+. Release of Ca2+ was elicited by arachidonic acid or the calmodulin antagonist W7, the latter due to inhibition of the pump. The characteristics of Ca2+-transport and Ca2+-release of CV were compared to similarly purified vesicles of the ER labeled by calnexin-GFP. Since the CV proved to be a highly efficient Ca2+-compartment we wanted to know whether or not it takes part in cAMPinduced Ca2+-influx. We made use of the LvsA--mutant expected to display reduced Ca2+-transport due to loss of calmodulin. We found a severe reduction of cAMP-induced Ca2+-influx into whole cells. Conclusion: The contractile vacuoles in Dictyostelium represent a highly efficient acidic Ca2+-store that is required for cAMP-induced Ca2+-influx. Background The contractile vacuole (CV) network of Dictyostelium consists of tubes and bladders. It transiently fuses with the plasma membrane to expel water and ions and thereby serves as an efficient osmoregulatory organelle [1,2]. The CV-system is also assumed to be involved in Ca2+-transport since it contains a PMCA-type Ca2+-ATPase (PAT1), calmodulin [3] and a vacuolar proton pump that establishes a proton gradient for Ca2+-transport [4]. PAT1 is localized to the CV and the plasma membrane and is upregulated under conditions of Ca2+-stress [5]. Downregulation of PAT1 by antisense RNA reduced vesicular Ca2+-uptake. Published: 20 June 2006 BMC Developmental Biology 2006, 6:31 doi:10.1186/1471-213X-6-31 Received: 07 April 2006 Accepted: 20 June 2006 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-213X/6/31 © 2006 Malchow et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
From Interaction to Co-Association —A Fisher r-To-z Transformation-Based Simple Statistic for Real World Genome-Wide Association Study

Currently, the genetic variants identified by genome wide association study (GWAS) generally only account for a small proportion of the total heritability for complex disease. One crucial reason is the underutilization of gene-gene joint effects commonly encountered in GWAS, which includes their main effects and co-association. However, gene-gene co-association is often customarily put into the framework of gene-gene interaction vaguely. From the causal graph perspective, we elucidate in detail the concept and rationality of gene-gene co-association as well as its relationship with traditional gene-gene interaction, and propose two Fisher r-to-z transformation-based simple statistics to detect it. Three series of simulations further highlight that gene-gene co-association refers to the extent to which the joint effects of two genes differs from the main effects, not only due to the traditional interaction under the nearly independent condition but the correlation between two genes. The proposed statistics are more powerful than logistic regression under various situations, cannot be affected by linkage disequilibrium and can have acceptable false positive rate as long as strictly following the reasonable GWAS data analysis roadmap. Furthermore, an application to gene pathway analysis associated with leprosy confirms in practice that our proposed gene-gene co-association concepts as well as the correspondingly proposed statistics are strongly in line with reality.
Patterns and Processes of Adaptation in Blue Oak Seedlings 1

Reciprocal transplant studies examined the contribution of genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity to intraspecific variation in blue oak (Quercus douglasii) seedling survival and growth. A nested, mixed model design partitioned seedling survival and growth responses into between-population effects, within-population (among family) effects, and environmental effects. Significant between-population differences in seedling survivorship and growth were observed at both sites. Interactions between population source and planting block suggest local scale adaptation. Differences among maternal families in survival and growth were significant. Phenotypic variation in seedling performance may be related to indices of acorn quality such as embryo dry weight.
Individual Differences in Behavioral, Physiological, and Genetic Sensitivities to Contexts: Implications for Development and Adaptation

Although exposure to adversity places children at high risk for developmental problems, there is considerable variation in the adaptation of children exposed to both low and high levels of adversity. In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in understanding how social environments shape children’s development. Studies indicate that not all children are equally susceptible to environmental effects. In this article, we review the studies that examine individuals’ sensitivity to both positive and negative contextual influences at three levels of analysis: behavioral, physiological, and genetic. Furthermore, we examine how these different types of sensitivities may be related and whether early exposure to adversity plays an important role in shaping development of individual reactivity to contexts. We also suggest important directions for future studies of individual differences in susceptibility to environmental effects.
RESEARCH ON CATEGORIES IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONS

The concept of a “category” and the social process of “categorization” occupy a crucial place in current theories of organizations. In this introductory chapter to Research in the Sociology of Organization's volume on Categories in Markets: Origins and Evolution, we review published work in various streams of research and find that studies of organizational forms and identities, institutional logics, collective action frames, and product conceptual systems have key commonalities and predictable differences.
Factors Contributing to the Students Academic Performance: A Case Study of Islamia University Sub- Campus

The present research study was design to investigate the factors affecting academic performance of graduate students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus. The variables under consideration were the academic performance (student’s grades/marks) as a dependent variable and the gender, age, faculty of study, schooling, father/guardian social economic status, and residential area, medium of schooling; tuition trend, daily study hours and accommodation trend were independent variables. The data were collected from 100 students through separate structured questionnaire from different departments of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus using the simple random sampling technique. For analysis, linear regression model, correlation analysis, and descriptive analysis were used. The findings revealed that age, father/guardian social economic status and daily study hours significantly contribute the academic performance of graduate students. A linear model was also proposed that will be helpful to improve the academic performance of graduate students at University level.
Complexity and Efficiency in the Negotiation Game

This paper considers the ``negotiation game'' Busch and Wen (1995)) which combines the features of two-person alternating offers bargaining and repeated games. Despite the forces of bargaining, the negotiation game in general admits a large number of equilibria some of which involve delay and inefficiency. In order to isolate equilibria in this game, we investigate the role of complexity of implementing a strategy, introduced in the literature on repeated games played by automata. It turns out that when the players care for less complex strategies (at the margin) only efficient equilibria survive. Thus, complexity and bargaining in tandem may offer an explanation for co-operation and efficiency in repeated games
Long-run determinants of sovereign bond index in emerging market: New evidence from asymmetric and nonlinear pass-through

In this paper, we study the asymmetric long-run and short-run determinants of the sovereign bond index, a proxy of sovereign default, for two typical emerging countries: Turkey and Brazil over the 2000Q1-2011Q4 period. The determinants of the sovereign bond index are estimated by three macroeconomic factors: the current account, the external debt and international reserves. In particular, we use the positive and negative partial sum decomposition of the current account to determine the asymmetric effects on the sovereign bond index. Our findings can be summarized as follows: i, An asymmetric long-run relationship exists between the sovereign bond index and the explanatory variables for the following models. Only the long-run effect is asymmetric for Turkey while both short-run and long-run effects are asymmetric for Brazil. ii, The positive and negative shocks on the current account are more significant than a shock on international reserves to reduce the sovereign default risk for Turkey. iii, A negative shock on the current account is stronger than a positive one for Brazil.
The essential role of community in consumption of a shared experience: lessons from youth sport

This illuminating Handbook presents the state-of-the-art in the scientific field of experience economy studies. It offers a rich and varied collection of contributions that discuss different issues of crucial importance for our understanding of the experience economy. Each chapter reflects diverse scientific viewpoints from disciplines including management, mainstream economics and sociology to provide a comprehensive overview.
Risk Sharing, Finance and Institutions in International Portfolios

We develop a standard model to show how transaction costs in international investment affect conventional tests of consumption risk sharing, both in a multilateral and a bilateral setting. We implement the tests in a novel international dataset on bilateral holdings of equity, bonds, foreign direct investment and bank loans. International consumption risk sharing increases with foreign capital holdings; this is especially true of investment in equity or bonds, but not of foreign direct investment or bank loans. In our model, this implies transaction costs are higher for FDI and international loans. The discrepancy may reflect technological differences across asset classes, but also the prospect of expropriation, perhaps most stringent for FDI or loans. We argue that expropriation risk is endogenous to both the borrower`s institutions and its openness to international markets. The detrimental impact of poor institutions is muted in open economies, where the possibility of subsequent exclusion from world markets deters expropriation of foreign capital. We show the implied non-linear effects of institutions prevail in both the cross-section of consumption risk sharing, and in observed international investment patterns.
A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYZER FOR TURKISH USING COMBINATOR PARSING

In this paper, implementation of a morphological analyzer for Turkish using the combinator parsing method is discussed. A functional language is used for implementation. The analyzer handles all the morphophonemic processes of Turkish, and models the morphotactics as higher-order functions. The code of the analyzer is informative about linguistic point of view because of the declarative power of functional languages and topdown design of combinator parsing.
Supporting Web-based Learning through Adaptive Assessment

Web-based assessments can be used in different phases of education in order to support students and make learning easier and more effective for them. This support can range from the assessment of readiness for a particular educational institution, over methods which improve the learning process itself such as peer assessment, to the assessment of the progress and knowledge level by the use of performance self-assessments. For these assessments, typically tools and methods are provided, which treat all learners in the same way and adapt only a little or, in the most cases, not at all to the individual needs and characteristics of learners. In this paper, we show the potential of adaptive web-based assessment in different learning applications. Adaptive webbased assessment aims at accommodating the individual needs and characteristics of students. We introduce adaptive systems in the area of readiness self-assessment, performance self-assessment, and peer assessment. Discussion is provided on the architecture of these adaptive systems and how these systems incorporate individual differences.
Information sharing and collaboration practices in reverse logistics

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate how the use of information technology (IT) and supply chain management initiatives (information sharing and collaboration) impact a company's performance in reverse logistics (RL). Design/methodology/approach – A survey based on a previous exploratory research and literature review was sent out to 600 US companies having substantial activities in RL. Issues addressed in the survey, such as IT types deployed, IT operational attributes, information sharing, and collaboration, involve multiple parties in multi‐tier RL networks, extending beyond a simple buyer‐supplier dyad.Findings – The results revealed that the type of IT used per se did not have a differential impact on a company's performance in RL. However, IT operational attributes positively affected RL performance and information sharing and collaboration are critical to RL performance.Practical implications – Investment in IT alone cannot improve a company's performance; managers should take full .
Intellectual structure of the entrepreneurship field: a tale based on three core journals

Underlying the scientific structure of a field is the network of informal communication linkages established among the most influential scholars within the area. These groups of mutually interacting and prolific scientists who exchange knowledge through communication channels are named “invisible colleges”. In this study, we perform a two-stage analysis to identify invisible colleges in the field of entrepreneurship using three core journals: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice (ETP); Journal of Business Venturing (JBV), and Small Business Economics (SBE). Using bibliometrics, a in depth analysis was conducted on the most influential authors, their professional affiliation and educational training, in order to map the informal links between the most-cited authors. Based on over 90 thousand citations from these 3 journals two invisible colleges emerged: ETP and JBV have similar intellectual groundings, targeting especially corporate and entrepreneurship venturing, while SBE gives emphasis to more economics-oriented research, namely innovation, growth and policy, and industrial dynamics.
PRESENCE IN MULTIMODAL INTERFACES

• Theory on presence from the perspective of telecommunications and virtual environments. • Presentation of subjective and objective measures of presence. • How interfaces that support the modality touch affect perceived presence in distributed environments. • Description of research that focus on how haptic force-feedback affect perceived presence measured by subjective and objective measures and task performance.
Detection of reservoir quality using Bayesian seismic inversion

Sorting is a useful predictor for permeability. We show how to invert seismic data for a permeable rock sorting parameter by incorporating a probabilistic rock-physics model with floating grains into a Bayesian seismic inversion code that operates directly on rock-physics variables. The Bayesian prior embeds the coupling between elastic properties, porosity, and the floating-grain sorting parameter.The inversion uses likelihoods based on seismic amplitudes and a forwardconvolutionalmodeltogenerateaposteriordistribution containing refined estimates of the floating-grain parameter anditsuncertainty.Theposteriordistributioniscomputedusing Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The test cases we examineshowthatsignificantinformationaboutbothsorting characteristics and porosity is available from this inversion, even in difficult cases where the contrasts with the bounding lithologies are not strong, provided the signal-to-noise ratio S/N of the data is favorable. These test cases show about 25% and 15% improvements in estimated standard deviationsforporosityandfloating-grainfraction,respectively,for peak S/N of6:1.The full posterior distribution offloatinggraincontentismoreinformative,andshowsenhancedseparationintotwoclustersofcleanandpoorlysortedrocks.This holds true even in the more difficult test case we examine, wherenotably,thelaminatedreservoirnet-to-grossisnotsignificantlyimprovedbytheinversionprocess.
Recovery of Ga(III) by Raw and Alkali Treated Citrus limetta Peels

Alkali treated Citrus limetta peels were used for recovery of Ga(III) from its aqueous solution. The raw and alkali treated peels were characterized for functional groups. The efficiency of adsorption increased from 47.62 mg/g for raw peels to 83.33 mg/g for alkali treated peels. Between pH 1 and 3, the adsorption increased and thereafter decreased drastically. The adsorption followed pseudosecond order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit for the experimental data. Desorption studies showed 95.28% desorption after 3 cycles for raw peels while it was 89.51% for alkali treated peels. Simulated Bayer liquor showed 39.57% adsorption for gallium ions on raw peels which was enhanced to 41.13% for alkali treated peels.