Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Weight Perceptions and Weight Control Behaviors Among Adolescent Females

Using data from the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey, this study examined select sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of weight perceptions and weight control behaviors among Black, Hispanic and White females (n = 6,089). Results showed little difference across ethnic groups for perceptions of body weight with slightly over 50%, 30% and 12% describing their weight as about right, overweight, or underweight, respectively. There was striking discordance between weight perception and reported weight gain or loss among White girls. Regression analysis showed indicators of depression and feeling unsafe predictive of weight loss behaviors across all groups while GPA and forced sex were significant for Whites and Hispanics. Television watching and physical exertion were not significant. Findings suggest prevention of depression and victimization as the principal means of reducing maladaptive weight control behaviors across all ethnic groups and surveillance for inappropriate weight loss behaviors among White and Hispanic girls with higher GPA’s
Gandhi's third assassination: Information and communications technology education in India

The impact that information technology can have on development is the subject of an ongoing debate. Central to this debate is the role of universities. Education shapes people's attitudes toward technology and determines how it will be used. This research shows that in India, students at higher educational institutions are socialized to believe that information technology can have a very positive impact on their country. They do not share the skepticism commonly found in Western literature. This research finds that first and foremost, IT is seen as a tool for personal development, where students can leverage their education to become rich and successful, either in India or abroad. Second, IT is seen as a tool for Indian ascension, lifting India to the status of a great global power. Only thirdly is IT seen as a means to assist in the development of India's poor population. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brain Imaging

The understanding and treatment of epilepsy has been enormously improved by the development and use of brain imaging techniques, which provide information about the structure and function of the brain. Those techniques are of two main types (1): the first one, structural imaging, detects visible abnormalities of cerebral structure, such as brain tumours, blood clots, malformations or scar tissue that might be causing seizures, and helps establish the aetiology of the disease; the second is functional and identifies abnormalities in brain metabolism. The aims of brain imaging are to
Glucose transporter/T1R3‐expressing cells in rat tracheal epithelium

Glucose transport plays an important role in maintaining low sugar concentration in airway surface liquid (ASL), which is critical for mucociliary clearance and bacterial colonization. Experimental evidence indicates that glucose/hexose uptake in lung/airway cells occurs by means of two structurally distinct glucose transporter pathways: the Na+‐dependent glucose transporters (SGLT family) and the facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT family). In this study, we examined the expression of the major glucose transporters of the intestine, GLUT2, GLUT5, SGLT1 and T1R3 taste receptor subunit, in the trachea of rats using immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy, and compared them using double‐labeled confocal microscopy. We found that GLUT2, GLUT5, SGLT1 and T1R3 are selectively expressed in different cell types. T1R3 and GLUT2 are predominantly expressed in subsets of solitary chemoreceptor cells (SCCs) and ciliated cells, GLUT5 is present in subsets of SCCs and in secretory cells, and SGLT1 is exclusively expressed in a unique cell type, SCCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that T1R3 is colocalized with SGLT1 in SCCs and with GLUT2 transporter in ciliated cells. In conclusion, these findings reveal that different cell types are associated with the uptake of glucose in ASL and that, due to their T1R3 expression, SCCs and ciliated cells are most likely to participate in the chemosensory process in ASL.
School sector and cognitive performance: When is a little a little?

Coleman, Hoffer, and Kilgore's claims regarding the effects of Catholic schools on cognitive achievement have, evoked much controversy. Critics have argued that Catholic schools enroll students of superior academic competency, and that Coleman et al., using cross-sectional testing data, could not distinguish differential sector effectiveness from this selection effect. The first follow-up (1982) of the High School and Beyond base-year sophomore cohort allows a stronger design for studying this issue. We use sophomore test performance to control for input-level differences in competency while predicting senior test performance in several cognitive domains. The omission of such input controls leads to a substantial upward bias in the estimate of Catholic-school effects on achievement. We also show that the so-called common-school effect found by Coleman and his colleagues disappears when appropriate input-level test controls are applied. Our best estimate of the Catholic-school effect on cognitive growth from the sophomore to senior year, using aggregate sophomore-to-senior change in performance as a yardstick, is about two thirds of a year's growth. We judge differences of this magnitude to be substantively trivial because they correspond to less than 0.1 standard deviation in test performance. We conclude that sector differences in test performance are too small to warrant the attention they have received.
Tactical Uses of Stories: Participation Frameworks within Girls' and Boys' Disputes.

This paper investigates how children use stories as tools for arranging and rearranging social organization. I examine how boys and girls, in their same‐sex groups, use features of stories to accomplish and restructure social identities within encounters. Though girls and boys make use of similar resources, they construct quite different types of events. Boys use stories to continue an ongoing argument while reshaping the domain of dispute. Girls, by way of contrast, use stories to restructure alignments of participants, not only in the current interaction, but also at some future time. For example, a story can depict an absent party talking about a current addressee behind her back. By organizing her story in this way, a teller can elicit from her recipient a promise to confront the offender. Such “he‐said‐she‐said” confrontations constitute a major domain of political action for the girls’ group, and an upcoming confrontation can mobilize the entire neighborhood. This study is based on fieldwork with a .
Program-Involvement Effects on commercial Attention and Recall of Successive and Embedded Advertising

Research on context effects has demonstrated a link between program-induced involvement and recall of commercials broadcast in breaks. However, the effect of program-induced involvement on recall of advertising embedded in the program itself has been understudied. In addition, little consideration has been given to the antecedents of program involvement. The present study aims to address these gaps. Results from a naturalistic field study show an attention spill-over effect on both embedded and successive advertising. The results further demonstrate that program involvement is a function of various personal factors, related to enduring topic involvement and social viewing environment.
A Model for Haptic Aesthetic Processing and Its Implications for Design

Research in aesthetics typically focuses on static stimuli or stimulus properties from the visual domain leaving unanswered a great many questions on haptic aesthetics. This paper aims to give a short impression of the relevance of aesthetics for design and everyday-life decisions, then focuses on phenomena concerning haptic aesthetics in particular, for instance, top-down processes and mere exposure effects. Based on empirical findings and theoretical considerations with regard to haptic research, the paper develops a functional model of haptic aesthetics, which is explained step by step. This model assumes a continuous increase of elaborative processing through three subsequent processing stages beginning with low-level perceptual analyses that encompass an initial, unspecific exploration of the haptic material. After a subsequent, more elaborate, and specific perceptual assessment of global haptic aspects, the described process enters into deeper cognitive and emotional evaluations involving individual knowledge on the now specified haptic material. The paper closes with an applied view on design issues to explicate the importance of integrating haptic aesthetics into corresponding approaches.
Perception of Community Functioning in Young Adults with Recent-Onset Psychosis: Implications for Practice

Introduction: Early and intensive rehabilitation for individuals living with first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a key issue for occupational therapists working in mental health settings. Purpose: The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the perception of outpatients in a youth psychosis clinic in Montreal regarding their community functioning. Method: Nineteen young adults with FEP were interviewed, using a set of questions developed on the basis of a person-environment relationship theoretical model. The steps of data analysis included the transcription and coding of data, data reduction, the aggregation of themes and visual representation. Findings: The participants experienced more handicap-creating situations than competence situations. The themes included a diminished quality of relationship with parents, social isolation and difficulties in work and academic performance, as well as poor access to education. The perception of the participants on each of these themes is elaborated. Practice implications: Specific intervention targets for young adults with FEP should include issues such as the management of energy level, communication and social skills training, residential stability, academic and work rehabilitation and attention to physical features of the home, school and work environments.
In-Hospital Mortality of Disseminated Tuberculosis in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients with AIDS. The goal of our study was to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with AIDS and disseminated tuberculosis in a middle-income country. Material and Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care center, for patients with AIDS in southern Brazil. From 1996 to 2008, all patients with the diagnosis of disseminated TB were included. Results. Eighty patients were included. In-hospital mortality was 35% (N = 28). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, low basal albumin (P < .01) was associated with death, and fever at admission was related to better survival (P < .01). Conclusion. Albumin levels or fever are independent predictors of survival in patients with HIV and disseminated TB. They can serve as indirect markers of immunodeficiency in patients with disseminated TB and AIDS.
A Cultural-Historical Study of How Children from Hong Kong Immigrant Families Develop a Learning Motive within Everyday Family Practices in Australia

This article draws on a cultural-historical theorization of child development alongside the Chinese concept of learning in order to study children's development in the Hong Kong Australian community. In particular, it aims to understand in detail how a 9-year-old child develops a learning motive under highly structured family practices. The data analysed were selected from a larger set of data involving 80 hr of video observations generated from the recording of everyday practices in three Hong Kong immigrant families. The findings indicate that encouragement plays an important role in bridging the gap between parental demands and the child's wishes, which assists the child to appropriate family values, thus facilitating the development of a learning motive and learning itself.
Bmc Molecular Biology Checkpoint Effects and Telomere Amplification during Dna Re-replication in Fission Yeast

Background: Although much is known about molecular mechanisms that prevent re-initiation of DNA replication on newly replicated DNA during a single cell cycle, knowledge is sparse regarding the regions that are most susceptible to re-replication when those mechanisms are bypassed and regarding the extents to which checkpoint pathways modulate re-replication. We used microarrays to learn more about these issues in wild-type and checkpoint-mutant cells of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
New media, social capital and transnational migration: Slovaks in the UK

This paper investigates Slovak migrants’ use of new media to build social capital. It draws on data from a pilot study with 36 Slovaks living in the UK, and on content analysis of the main Facebook page for Czechs and Slovaks in the UK. The data suggest that Facebook is used for sharing emotions rather than to build a community and share practical information. While Facebook and Skype are used to maintain preexisting strong ties in the country of origin, face-to-face contact and mobile phones are used to maintain ties within the UK. However, social media do not seem to facilitate the formation of weak ties prior to migration, with face-to-face contact being dominant upon arrival. Transnational migration experience forms a separate dimension within the participants’ identity, independent from social capital. The data are discussed in relation to findings from previous studies about Slovak migrants in the Republic of Ireland.
Comment on 'On the inference of spatial structure from population genetics data'

TESS is a Bayesian clustering program for population genetic analyses which assumes Kmax clusters and computes posterior estimates for membership coefficients or admixture proportions by updating spatially explicit prior distributions (Chen et al., 2007; Francois et al., 2006). Version 2.1 of the program was released in January 2009 (Durand et al., 2009a, b). The program applies principles of Bayesian computation, a well-defined background with a long tradition in statistics (Gelman et al., 2003). It is based on highly validated methods combining Gibbs sampling and Metropolis–Hastings algorithms. The last versions of TESS implement the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC; Spiegelhalter et al. 2002) to help users selecting program runs which best describe their data. Recently, Guillot (2009) reported that inconsistent results could be produced with the version 1.2 of the program. His criticisms focus on three main points: (i) Using TESS to analyze synthetic data simulated with five clusters, the program does not provide correct estimates of the number of clusters and membership coefficients; (ii) TESS infers spurious clusters when it is applied to data generated under isolation-by-distance models; (iii) Previous results obtained for Arabidopsis thaliana rely on a particular choice of network, and they are not robust to changes in this latent model. Here, we address these criticisms in turn, and we argue that they are not based on strong evidence. To choose the number of clusters and provide rational estimates of membership coefficients, the TESS outputs should be compared with each other for a range of values of Kmax, as pointed out in the TESS manual and in Chen et al. (2007). Guillot’s simulation study did not comply with this basic rule. It used a single value, Kmax = 10. This improper use of TESS led to incorrect results which can be improved easily. For example, consider a previously analyzed synthetic dataset from Chen et al. (2007) (five islands, dataset Rep05Fst04). For this example, we performed one run of TESS for each Kmax ranging from 2 to 10 and using the default values of the other parameters of the program. The membership coefficients displayed in Figure 1 provide unambiguous evidence of five main clusters in the data. The DIC curve decreases sharply and then exhibits a plateau at Kmax = 5, providing additional support for 5 clusters. The mis-classification
We’ve Come a Long Way Baby - Or Have We? Contextualizing Lesbian Motherhood in North America

T o each of us the word family is imbued with meaning. In Western culture, an exclusive definition of family has been consistently promoted-the "heterosexual conjugal unit based on marriage and CO-residence" (Silva and Smart, 1999: 1). As Dalton and Bielby state, this "monolithic notion of the traditional nuclear family is difficult to dispel because it seems to be natural and biological, the most timeless and unchanging of all social institutionsn (2000: 36). Although the traditional nuclear family is no longer the norm, and has never been representative of the realities of many people, the values and ideals related to this definition of family continue to be privileged and socially sanctioned (Mandel and Duffy, 2000). As such, the plethora of alternative family forms (e.g., lesbian families, gay families, foster families, extended family configurations) have been, and continue to be perceived as deficient (Silva and Smart) or rendered invisible (Dunne, 2000). The landscape of the traditional nuclear family is currently being challenged by the increasing visibility of a "wide variety of alternative family formsn (O'Connell, 1992: 281) including the family configuration that is the focus of this paper, the lesbian-parented household. The growing numbers of lesbian (and gay) parents represents a "sociocultural innovation that is unique to the current historical era" (Patterson, 1995:
Educators’ Beliefs and Practices About Parent Involvement in Transition Planning

The purpose of this study was to explore the beliefs and stated practices of educators from local education agencies with differing levels of parent involvement during the transition planning process. A total of 3 major themes consisting of 133 minor themes emerged from the 1,304 units of data. The major themes included the concept of parent involvement in the transition process, barriers for parent involvement in the transition process, and how parent involvement in the transition process is promoted. The theory of planned behavior is used to interpret findings and develop recommendations for practice and research.
Emiratisation: drawing UAE nationals into their surging economy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine Emiratisation and its antecedents from the perspective of national policy impacting private sector organisations' cultures, working conditions and job specifications.Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative and quantitative survey covers a sample of 20 executives or their peers in human resource management of large enterprises and relevant authorities in the public sector.Findings – Barriers to Emiratisation were found to include low standards of education and skills of potential employees, inadequate English, and a lack of trust by employers in the work‐readiness of United Arab Emirates (UAE) nationals. From individuals' perspectives, it was reported that the nationals considered that the private sector offered little career opportunity and low wages in comparison to the public sector.Research limitations/implications – This analysis may be viewed as a preliminary step to identify and prioritise the issues affecting Emiratisation. The paper's finding.
The layout of virtual paths in ATM networks

We study the problem of designing a layout of virtual paths (VPs) on a given ATM network. We first define a mathematical model that captures the characteristics of virtual paths. In this model, we define the general VP layout problem, and a more restricted case; while the general case layout should cater connections between any pair of nodes in the network, the restricted case layout should only cater connections between a specific node to the other nodes. For the latter case, we present an algorithm that finds a layout by decomposing the network into subnetworks and operating on each subnetwork, recursively; we prove an upper bound on the optimality of the resulting layout and a matching lower bound for the problem, that are tight under certain realistic assumptions. Finally, we show how the solution for the restricted case is used as a building block in various solutions to more general cases (trees, meshes, K-separable networks, and general topology networks) and prove a lower bound for some of our results. The results exhibit a tradeoff between the efficiency of the call setup and both the utilization of the VP routing tables and the overhead during recovery from link disconnections.
Effect of glycine pretreatment on the shear bond strength of a CAD/CAM resin nano ceramic material to dentin

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycine pretreatment on the shear bond strength between dentin and a CAD/CAM resin nano ceramic material (LavaTM Ultimate Restorative), bonded together with adhesive cements using three different luting protocols (total-etch; self-etch; self-adhesive). Material and Methods Thirty cylinders were milled from resin nano ceramic blocks with CAD/CAM technology. The cylinders were subsequently cemented to the exposed dentin of 30 bovine permanent mandibular incisors. The specimens were assigned into six groups of five teeth each according to luting procedure and dentin pretreatment. In the first two groups (A1, A2) 10 cylinders were cemented using a total-etch protocol; in groups B1 and B2, 10 cylinders were cemented using a self-etch protocol; in groups C1 and C2, 10 cylinders were cemented using a self-adhesive protocol; in groups A1, B1 and C1 the dentinal surface was also treated with glycine powder. All cemented specimens were submitted to a shear bond strength test. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata 9.0 software. Results ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences among the various groups (P <0.0001). Conclusions Glycine did not change the different bond strength demonstrated by the various luting protocols tested. Conventional resin composite cements used together with a self-etch adhesive reported the highest values. However the use of glycine seems to increase the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements. Key words:Adhesive cements, CAD/CAM, glycine, luting system, resin nano ceramic, shear bond strength.
Phosphorylation controls a dual-function polybasic nuclear localization sequence in the adapter protein SH2B1β to regulate its cellular function and distribution

An intriguing question in cell biology is what targets proteins to, and regulates their translocation between, specific cellular locations. Here we report that the polybasic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) required for nuclear entry of the adapter protein and candidate human obesity gene product SH2B1β, also localizes SH2B1β to the plasma membrane (PM), most probably via electrostatic interactions. Binding of SH2B1β to the PM also requires its dimerization domain. Phosphorylation of serine residues near this polybasic region, potentially by protein kinase C, releases SH2B1β from the PM and enhances nuclear entry. Release of SH2B1β from the PM and/or nuclear entry appear to be required for SH2B1β enhancement of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor gene and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that the polybasic NLS region of SH2B1 serves the dual function of localizing SH2B1 to both the nucleus and the PM, the latter most probably through electrostatic interactions that are enhanced by SH2B1β dimerization. Cycling between the different cellular compartments is a consequence of the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of serine residues near the NLS and is important for physiological effects of SH2B1, including NGF-induced gene expression and neurite outgrowth.