Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental Alcoholism on Attachment within Romantic Relationships

Alcoholism is a problem in the United States, many children around the country grow up with one or more caregivers who is alcohol dependent. This study uses a systematic literature review to examine the romantic relationships of adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) with specific attention to attachment. The studies included in this review came from academic peer reviewed journals, which are empirically based, and include qualitative and quantitative studies. The studies had to include discussion on attachment in a population over 18 years of age. Studies that were excluded were those that focused on specific ethnic groups, gender, or therapy modality within the ACOA population. It also excluded studies that focused on ACOA chemical dependency. Common themes found throughout the literature included: lack of relationship satisfaction, difficulties with trust and control, common experiences in childhood which impact adult relationships, insecure attachment style, and increased probability of being alcohol dependent or marring someone who is alcohol dependent. Future research should focus on the commonalities and differences in dysfunctional family’s verses alcohol dependent families and how to better serve these populations.
Quality-driven processing of sliding window aggregates over out-of-order data streams

One fundamental challenge in data stream processing is to cope with the ubiquity of disorder of tuples within a stream caused by network latency, operator parallelization, merging of asynchronous streams, etc. High result accuracy and low result latency are two conflicting goals in out-of-order stream processing. Different applications may prefer different extent of trade-offs between the two goals. However, existing disorder handling solutions either try to meet one goal to the extreme by sacrificing the other, or try to meet both goals but have shortcomings including unguaranteed result accuracy or increased complexity in operator implementation and application logic. To meet different application requirements on the latency versus result accuracy trade-off in out-of-order stream processing, in this paper, we propose to make this trade-off user-configurable. Particularly, focusing on sliding window aggregates, we introduce AQ-K-slack, a buffer-based quality-driven disorder handling approach. AQ-K-slack leverages techniques from the fields of sampling-based approximate query processing and control theory. It can adjust the input buffer size dynamically to minimize the result latency, while respecting user-specified threshold on relative errors in produced query results. AQ-K-slack requires no a priori knowledge of disorder characteristics of data streams, and imposes no changes to the query operator implementation or the application logic. Experiments over real-world out-of-order data streams show that, compared to the state-of-art, AQ-K-slack can reduce the average buffer size, thus the average result latency, by at least 51% while respecting user-specified requirement on the accuracy of query results.
Multifunctional, High-Level Cytokine-Producing Th1 Cells in the Lung, but Not Spleen, Correlate with Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aerosol Challenge in Mice

Boosting bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-primed mice with a recombinant adenovirus expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag 85A by different administration routes has very different effects on protection against aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis. Mice boosted intradermally make very strong splenic CD4 and CD8 Th1 cytokine responses to Ag 85A, but show no change in lung mycobacterial burden over BCG primed animals. In contrast, intranasally boosted mice show greatly reduced mycobacterial burden and make a much weaker splenic response but a very strong lung CD4 and CD8 response to Ag 85A and an increased response to purified protein derivative. This effect is associated with the presence in the lung of multifunctional T cells, with high median fluorescence intensity and integrated median fluorescence intensity for IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF. In contrast, mice immunized with BCG alone have few Ag-specific cells in the lung and a low proportion of multifunctional cells, although individual cells have high median fluorescence intensity. Successful immunization regimes appear to induce Ag-specific cells with abundant intracellular cytokine staining.
What have we Learned Regarding Pregnancy Morbidity and Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at a high risk of re- current spontaneous miscarriages and late pregnancy complications. The prevalence of obstetric complications in aPL positive women is about 15-20%. The APS is defined by the combination of a clinical venous or arterial thrombotic event or a pregnancy complication and the laboratory detection of aPL. Adverse obstetric events include: recurrent miscarriages, late loss or early delivery due to preeclampsia or placental insufficiency. Although many of the clinical manifestations of the APS can be related to thrombotic events other non-thrombotic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the obstet- rical manifestations. Though heparin and aspirin are indicated for the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss, there is a pau- city of randomized trials in this area. The therapeutic management of other obstetric complications, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction need to be confirmed. New therapies for the prevention and the treatment of obstetric complication are being investigated in experimental models. This review will discuss of what we have learned regarding pregnancy morbidity and APS.
Molecular mechanisms underlying bile acid‐stimulated glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The glucagon‐like peptides GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 are secreted from enteroendocrine L‐cells following nutrient ingestion. Drugs that increase activity of the GLP‐1 axis are highly successful therapies for type 2 diabetes, and boosting L‐cell secretion is a potential strategy for future diabetes treatment. The aim of the present study was to further our understanding of the bile acid receptor GPBA (TGR5), an L‐cell target currently under therapeutic exploration.
Effects of Functional Performance of Distribution Channels on Transactional Relationship in Mexican Market Environment

The performance related issues of buyer-distributor relationship have attracted both the academic and corporate managers. The study attempts to make theoretical contributions to the literature on relationships in marketing channels. Compared with the impact of the often-investigated construct of dependence structure, the impact of channel function performance on relationship quality is relatively large. The study addresses broadly the issues as to what extent is the impact of quality performance responsible for doing business with the organizational customers? To what extent is the relationship between quality perceived and quality performance contingent upon the nature of buyer-distributor relationships? The sample selected for this study was the distribution companies in the office equipments sector serving to the industrial accounts in Mexico . The study also analyzes the impact of channel function performance on relationship quality, which is moderated by the extent dependence structure of the relationship. The impact of channel function performance on different dimensions of relationship quality – satisfaction, trust, commitment and conflict under different dependence structures have also been diagnosed and discussed in the paper.
The Hadoop Distributed File System

The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is designed to store very large data sets reliably, and to stream those data sets at high bandwidth to user applications. In a large cluster, thousands of servers both host directly attached storage and execute user application tasks. By distributing storage and computation across many servers, the resource can grow with demand while remaining economical at every size. We describe the architecture of HDFS and report on experience using HDFS to manage 25 petabytes of enterprise data at Yahoo!
Reliability and Validity of Nonverbal Thin Slices in Social Interactions

Four studies investigated the reliability and validity of thin slices of nonverbal behavior from social interactions including (a) how well individual slices of a given behavior predict other slices in the same interaction; (b) how well a slice of a given behavior represents the entirety of that behavior within an interaction; (c) how long a slice is necessary to sufficiently represent the entirety of a behavior within an interaction; (d) which slices best capture the entirety of behavior, across different behaviors; and (e) which behaviors (of six measured behaviors) are best captured by slices. Notable findings included strong reliability and validity for thin slices of gaze and nods, and that a 1.5-min slice from the start of an interaction may adequately represent some behaviors. Results provide useful information to researchers making decisions about slice measurement of behavior.
Early life influences on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

There is increasing evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not simply a disease of old age that is largely restricted to heavy smokers, but may be associated with insults to the developing lung during foetal life and the first few years of postnatal life, when lung growth and development are rapid. A better understanding of the long-term effects of early life factors, such as intrauterine growth restriction, prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke and other pollutants, preterm delivery and childhood respiratory illnesses, on the subsequent development of chronic respiratory disease is imperative if appropriate preventive and management strategies to reduce the burden of COPD are to be developed. The extent to which insults to the developing lung are associated with increased risk of COPD in later life depends on the underlying cause, timing and severity of such derangements. Suboptimal conditions in utero result in aberrations of lung development such that affected individuals are born with reduced lung function, which tends to remain diminished throughout life, thereby increasing the risk both of wheezing disorders during childhood and subsequent COPD in genetically susceptible individuals. If the current trend towards the ever-increasing incidence of COPD is to be reversed, it is essential to minimize risks to the developing lung by improvements in antenatal and neonatal care, and to reduce prenatal and postnatal exposures to environmental pollutants, including passive tobacco smoke. Furthermore, adult physicians need to recognize that lung disease is potentially associated with early life insults and provide better education regarding diet, exercise and avoidance of smoking to preserve precious reserves of lung function in susceptible adults. This review focuses on factors that adversely influence lung development in utero and during the first 5 years of life, thereby predisposing to subsequent COPD.
Human IFNAR2 deficiency: Lessons for antiviral immunity

Human IFNAR2 deficiency causes fatal susceptibility to live viral vaccines. Type I interferons in antiviral defense Type I interferons have been shown in animal models to provide a critical antiviral defense, but supporting data in humans have been lacking. Now, Duncan et al. report the case of a child and a newborn sibling with a homozygous mutation in the high-affinity interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR2), which prevented cells from responding to IFN-α/β. The previously healthy proband developed fatal encephalitis after exposure to the live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. Reconstituting the proband’s cells with IFNAR2 restored control of IFN-attenuated viruses. These data support an essential role for IFN-α/β in antiviral immunity. Type I interferon (IFN-α/β) is a fundamental antiviral defense mechanism. Mouse models have been pivotal to understanding the role of IFN-α/β in immunity, although validation of these findings in humans has been limited. We investigated a previously healthy child with fatal encephalitis after inoculation of the live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. By targeted resequencing, we identified a homozygous mutation in the high-affinity IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR2) in the proband, as well as a newborn sibling, that rendered cells unresponsive to IFN-α/β. Reconstitution of the proband’s cells with wild-type IFNAR2 restored IFN-α/β responsiveness and control of IFN-attenuated viruses. Despite the severe outcome of systemic live vaccine challenge, the proband had previously shown no evidence of heightened susceptibility to respiratory viral pathogens. The phenotype of IFNAR2 deficiency, together with similar findings in STAT2-deficient patients, supports an essential but narrow role for IFN-α/β in human antiviral immunity.
Anticipatory and Consummatory Pleasure and Displeasure in Major Depressive Disorder: An Experience Sampling Study

Pleasure and displeasure can be parsed into anticipatory and consummatory phases. However, research on pleasure and displeasure in major depressive disorder (MDD), a disorder characterized by anhedonia, has largely focused on deficits in the consummatory phase. Moreover, most studies in this area have been laboratory-based, raising the question of how component processes of pleasure and displeasure are experienced in the daily lives of depressed individuals. Using experience sampling, we compared anticipatory and consummatory pleasure and displeasure for daily activities reported by adults with MDD (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 39). Participants carried electronic devices for one week and were randomly prompted eight times a day to answer questions about activities to which they most and least looked forward. Compared to healthy controls, MDD participants reported blunted levels of both anticipatory and consummatory pleasure and elevated levels of both anticipatory and consummatory displeasure for daily activities. Independent of MDD status, participants accurately predicted pleasure but overestimated displeasure. These results are the first to provide evidence that, across both anticipatory and consummatory phases, individuals with MDD experience blunted pleasure and elevated displeasure for daily activities. Our findings clarify the disturbances in pleasure and displeasure that characterize MDD and may inform treatment for this debilitating disorder.
Enumerative geometry of stable maps with Lagrangian boundary conditions and multiple covers of the disc

In this paper, we present foundational material towards the development of a rigorous enumerative theory of stable maps with Lagrangian boundary conditions, ie stable maps from bordered Riemann surfaces to a symplectic manifold, such that the boundary maps to a Lagrangian submanifold. Our main application is to a situation where our proposed theory leads to a well-defined algebro-geometric computation very similar to well-known localization techniques in Gromov–Witten theory. In particular, our computation of the invariants for multiple covers of a generic disc bounding a special Lagrangian submanifold in a Calabi–Yau threefold agrees completely with the original predictions of Ooguri and Vafa based on string duality. Our proposed invariants depend more generally on a discrete parameter which came to light in the work of Aganagic, Klemm, and Vafa which was also based on duality, and our more general calculations agree with theirs up to sign.
Medicinal Plants Recommended by the World Health Organization: DNA Barcode Identification Associated with Chemical Analyses Guarantees Their Quality

Medicinal plants are used throughout the world, and the regulations defining their proper use, such as identification of the correct species and verification of the presence, purity and concentration of the required chemical compounds, are widely recognized. Herbal medicines are made from vegetal drugs, the processed products of medicinal species. These processed materials present a number of challenges in terms of botanical identification, and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the use of incorrect species is a threat to consumer safety. The samples used in this study consisted of the dried leaves, flowers and roots of 257 samples from 8 distinct species approved by the WHO for the production of medicinal herbs and sold in Brazilian markets. Identification of the samples in this study using DNA barcoding (matK, rbcL and ITS2 regions) revealed that the level of substitutions may be as high as 71%. Using qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses, this study identified situations in which the correct species was being sold, but the chemical compounds were not present. Even more troubling, some samples identified as substitutions using DNA barcoding contained the chemical compounds from the correct species at the minimum required concentration. This last situation may lead to the use of unknown species or species whose safety for human consumption remains unknown. This study concludes that DNA barcoding should be used in a complementary manner for species identification with chemical analyses to detect and quantify the required chemical compounds, thus improving the quality of this class of medicines.
Functional Trait Strategies of Trees in Dry and Wet Tropical Forests Are Similar but Differ in Their Consequences for Succession

Global plant trait studies have revealed fundamental trade-offs in plant resource economics. We evaluated such trait trade-offs during secondary succession in two species-rich tropical ecosystems that contrast in precipitation: dry deciduous and wet evergreen forests of Mexico. Species turnover with succession in dry forest largely relates to increasing water availability and in wet forest to decreasing light availability. We hypothesized that while functional trait trade-offs are similar in the two forest systems, the successful plant strategies in these communities will be different, as contrasting filters affect species turnover. Research was carried out in 15 dry secondary forest sites (5-63 years after abandonment) and in 17 wet secondary forest sites (<1-25 years after abandonment). We used 11 functional traits measured on 132 species to make species-trait PCA biplots for dry and wet forest and compare trait trade-offs. We evaluated whether multivariate plant strategies changed during succession, by calculating a ‘Community-Weighted Mean’ plant strategy, based on species scores on the first two PCA-axes. Trait spectra reflected two main trade-off axes that were similar for dry and wet forest species: acquisitive versus conservative species, and drought avoiding species versus evergreen species with large animal-dispersed seeds. These trait associations were consistent when accounting for evolutionary history. Successional changes in the most successful plant strategies reflected different functional trait spectra depending on the forest type. In dry forest the community changed from having drought avoiding strategies early in succession to increased abundance of evergreen strategies with larger seeds late in succession. In wet forest the community changed from species having mainly acquisitive strategies to those with more conservative strategies during succession. These strategy changes were explained by increasing water availability during dry forest succession and increasing light scarcity during wet forest succession. Although similar trait spectra were observed among dry and wet secondary forest species, the consequences for succession were different resulting from contrasting environmental filters.
Multidrug-Resistant and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Dutch Surface Water and Wastewater

Objective The goal of the current study was to gain insight into the prevalence and concentrations of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli in Dutch surface water, and to explore the role of wastewater as AMR contamination source. Methods The prevalence of AMR E. coli was determined in 113 surface water samples obtained from 30 different water bodies, and in 33 wastewater samples obtained at five health care institutions (HCIs), seven municipal wastewater treatment plants (mWWTPs), and an airport WWTP. Overall, 846 surface water and 313 wastewater E. coli isolates were analysed with respect to susceptibility to eight antimicrobials (representing seven different classes): ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. Results Among surface water isolates, 26% were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobials, and 11% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). In wastewater, the proportions of AMR/MDR E. coli were 76%/62% at HCIs, 69%/19% at the airport WWTP, and 37%/27% and 31%/20% in mWWTP influents and effluents, respectively. Median concentrations of MDR E. coli were 2.2×102, 4.0×104, 1.8×107, and 4.1×107 cfu/l in surface water, WWTP effluents, WWTP influents and HCI wastewater, respectively. The different resistance types occurred with similar frequencies among E. coli from surface water and E. coli from municipal wastewater. By contrast, among E. coli from HCI wastewater, resistance to cefotaxime and resistance to ciprofloxacin were significantly overrepresented compared to E. coli from municipal wastewater and surface water. Most cefotaxime-resistant E. coliisolates produced ESBL. In two of the mWWTP, ESBL-producing variants were detected that were identical with respect to phylogenetic group, sequence type, AMR-profile, and ESBL-genotype to variants from HCI wastewater discharged onto the same sewer and sampled on the same day (A1/ST23/CTX-M-1, B23/ST131/CTX-M-15, D2/ST405/CTX-M-15). Conclusion In conclusion, our data show that MDR E. coli are omnipresent in Dutch surface water, and indicate that municipal wastewater significantly contributes to this occurrence.
Development of a pediatric body mass index using longitudinal single-index models

As a measure of human adiposity, the body mass index, defined as weight/height2, has been widely used in clinical investigations. For children undergoing pubertal development, whether this function of height and weight represents an optimal way of quantifying body mass for assessing of specific health outcomes has not been carefully studied. In this study, we propose an alternative pediatric body mass measure for prediction of blood pressure based on recorded height and weight data using single-index modeling techniques. Specifically, we present a general form of partially linear single-index mixed effect models for the determination of this new metric. A methodological contribution of this research is the development of an efficient algorithm for the fitting of a general class of partially linear single-index models in longitudinal data situations. The proposed model and related model fitting algorithm are easily implementable in most computational platforms. Simulation demonstrates superior performance of the new method, as compared to the standard body mass index measure. Using the proposed method, we explore an alternative body mass measure for the prediction of blood pressure in children. The method is potentially useful for the construction of other indices for specific investigations.