Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promotive Factors of Mothers’ Social Ecologies Indirectly Predict Children’s Adjustment

Objective: Social ecological and intergenerational models of risk and resilience have important implications for understanding child health following trauma. These models are highly compatible and readily unified from a theoretical perspective, but empirical evaluations of social ecological theory have rarely incorporated intergenerational processes that extend beyond the parent–child relationship to include other systems. The current study seeks to utilize an integrative approach that examines an intergenerational application of the social ecological model by evaluating the indirect influence of risk and promotive factors in mothers’ social ecologies (at child age 1) on children’s adjustment problems (at child age 4 and 6) via maternal depression (at child age 1 and 4). Methods: Child and caregiver data were drawn from the Consortium of Longitudinal Studies in Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). LONGSCAN is a 5-site study taking place in diverse geographic locations across the United States. Across sites, samples included children who either had a documented history of maltreatment and/or were identified as “high risk” for maltreatment. Only those mother–child dyads who participated in the age 1 visit were included in the study (n = 286). Results: Results indicated that maternal victimization, maternal family satisfaction, and maternal report of neighborhood quality indirectly affected later child adjustment via maternal depression. Conclusions: Integrating factors of the multiple social ecologies inhabited by mothers and children is an important new research direction for resilience work, which to date has focused overwhelmingly on factors within the child’s social ecology to the neglect of intergenerational processes.
Lexical Segments in Text 1

The investigation reported here describes an application of Michael Hoey’s (1991) model to the task of segmenting texts. By segmentation is meant the computer-assisted division of written texts into meaningful parts. The use of his model for segmentation presents a challenge in that the model was originally divised to show the opposite of segmentation, that is, how texts are held together by lexical repetition. The segmentation procedure developed for the present investigation is called LSM (‘Link Set Median’). It was applied to a corpus of 300 texts from three different genres, and the results were then compared to segmentations obtained at random and to the segmentation provided by the original section divisions. Statistical analyses suggested that LSM significantly outperformed random segmentation, thus indicating that the segmentation was meaningful. The implications of the possibility of segmenting texts by computer are discussed, including what the place of computer-based segmentation analyses would be among existing models of discour se organisation.
Cognitive functions correlate with white matter architecture in a normal pediatric population: A diffusion tensor MRI study

A possible relationship between cognitive abilities and white matter structure as assessed by magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was investigated in the pediatric population. DTI was performed on 47 normal children ages 5–18. Using a voxelwise analysis technique, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were tested for significant correlations with Wechsler full‐scale IQ scores, with subject age and gender used as covariates. Regions displaying significant positive correlations of IQ scores with FA were found bilaterally in white matter association areas, including frontal and occipito‐parietal areas. No regions were found exhibiting correlations of IQ with MD except for one frontal area significantly overlapping a region containing a significant correlation with FA. The positive direction of the correlation with FA is the same as that found previously with age, and indicates a positive relationship between fiber organization and/or density with cognitive function. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that regionally specific increased fiber organization is a mechanism responsible for the normal development of white matter tracts. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single-Trial Regression Elucidates the Role of Prefrontal Theta Oscillations in Response Conflict

In most cognitive neuroscience experiments there are many behavioral and experimental dynamics, and many indices of brain activity, that vary from trial to trial. For example, in studies of response conflict, conflict is usually treated as a binary variable (i.e., response conflict exists or does not in any given trial), whereas some evidence and intuition suggests that conflict may vary in intensity from trial to trial. Here we demonstrate that single-trial multiple regression of time–frequency electrophysiological activity reveals neural mechanisms of cognitive control that are not apparent in cross-trial averages. We also introduce a novel extension to oscillation phase coherence and synchronization analyses, based on “weighted” phase modulation, that has advantages over standard coherence measures in terms of linking electrophysiological dynamics to trial-varying behavior and experimental variables. After replicating previous response conflict findings using trial-averaged data, we extend these findings using single-trial analytic methods to provide novel evidence for the role of medial frontal–lateral prefrontal theta-band synchronization in conflict-induced response time dynamics, including a role for lateral prefrontal theta-band activity in biasing response times according to perceptual conflict. Given that these methods shed new light on the prefrontal mechanisms of response conflict, they are also likely to be useful for investigating other neurocognitive processes.
HDDD2 is a familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin‐positive, tau‐negative inclusions caused by a missense mutation in the signal peptide of progranulin

Familial autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia with ubiquitin‐positive, tau‐negative inclusions in the brain linked to 17q21‐22 recently has been reported to carry null mutations in the progranulin gene (PGRN). Hereditary dysphasic disinhibition dementia (HDDD) is a frontotemporal dementia with prominent changes in behavior and language deficits. A previous study found significant linkage to chromosome 17 in a HDDD family (HDDD2), but no mutation in the MAPT gene. Longitudinal follow‐up has enabled us to identify new cases and to further characterize the dementia in this family. The goals of this study were to develop research criteria to classify the different clinical expressions of dementia observed in this large kindred, to identify the causal mutation in affected individuals and correlate this with phenotypic characteristics in this pedigree, and to assess the neuropathological characteristics using immunohistochemical techniques.
Eat Drink Man Woman : Testing for Gender Bias in China Using Individual Nutrient Intake Data *

We present unitary and sharing rule models of the household that explicitly account for three parental concerns that may lead to gender bias in the allocation of resources to children—equity, efficiency, and preferences. Deaton’s test of the effect of household composition on adult good expenditures is employed using data on fathers’ and mothers’ nutrient intake from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We find that rural fathers, especially less educated ones, favor sons while rural mothers do not. Parental differences in gender bias are statistically significant, a result which is inconsistent with the unitary model and equity bias explanations of gender bias. JEL codes: D12, I12, J13, J16, O12, O53
Option Pricing Implications of a Stochastic Jump Rate

This paper proposes an alternative option pricing model. The stock price follows a diffusion process with stochastic volatility and random jumps while mean jump rate is modeled as a stochastic process. The model is designed to address the problems with alternative option models, for example, the extreme parameters of stochastic volatility model and the fast convergence to normality of jump model. The proposed general model setting incorporates all current alternative models under Brownian motion framework, including the pure jump model, stochastic volatility model and combination of the two. Option pricing formula for the model is derived. Model parameters are backed out from option prices. In-sample and out-of-sample performance of different sub-models in the framework indicates that the stochastic jump rate is indeed an important improvement to current option pricing models. This paper also Þrst compares these alternative models with Levy process option models, which are characterized by the assumption that stock price is a purely discontinuous Levy process. Empirical results show that generally, Levy process models are limited in their capacity to improve Black-Scholes option pricing behavior.
Photoreceptor disruption in central serous chorioretinopathy treated by half-dose photodynamic therapy

Background To evaluate photoreceptor disruption in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) treated by half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods A total of 29 patients with symptomatic CSC were recruited and underwent half-dose verteporfin PDT covering the leakage sites as observed via fundus fluorescein angiography. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with the presence of photoreceptor disruption, and the secondary outcome was the correlation between photoreceptor disruption and visual results at the 1-year follow-up. Results Photoreceptor disruption was identified in 13 eyes (44.8%) 12 months after treatment. Twenty-seven patients experienced best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement after PDT, while two patients showed stable BCVA. The mean BCVA in patients with photoreceptor disruption at the baseline and every follow-up visit was significantly lower than that of patients without photoreceptor disruption. However, there was no correlation between the presence or absence of photoreceptor disruption and the improvement of visual acuity because the BCVA gain at the last follow-up visit between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.69). No potential ocular complication was encountered in the study. Conclusion Photoreceptor disruption was found in about 45% of CSC patients treated by PDT, which ultimately resulted in poor visual outcomes. However, a half-dose PDT might not affect or modify the photoreceptor function because it gave the same pattern of visual recovery in patients with and without photoreceptor cell loss.
Localization of class-related mu-rhythm desynchronization in motor imagery based Brain-Computer Interface sessions

We localize the sources of class-dependent event-related desynchronisation (ERD) of the mu-rhythm related to different types of motor imagery in Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI) sessions. Our approach is based on localization of single-trial Fourier coefficients using sparse basis field expansions (S-FLEX). The analysis reveals focal sources in the sensorimotor cortices, a finding which can be regarded as a proof for the expected neurophysiological origin of the BCI control signal. As a technical contribution, we extend S-FLEX to the multiple measurement case in a way that the activity of different frequency bins within the mu-band is coherently localized.
On Unitary Time Evolution in Gowdy $T^3$ Cosmologies

A non-perturbative canonical quantization of Gowdy $T^3$ polarized models carried out recently is considered. This approach profits from the equivalence between the symmetry reduced model and 2+1 gravity coupled to a massless real scalar field. The system is partially gauge fixed and a choice of internal time is performed, for which the true degrees of freedom of the model reduce to a massless free scalar field propagating on a 2-dimensional expanding torus. It is shown that the symplectic transformation that determines the classical dynamics cannot be unitarily implemented on the corresponding Hilbert space of quantum states. The implications of this result for both quantization of fields on curved manifolds and physically relevant questions regarding the initial singularity are discussed.
The Minimum-Norm-Point Algorithm Applied to Submodular Function Minimization and Linear Programming

In the present paper we consider applications of the minimum-norm-point algorithm to submodular function minimization and linear programming. Although combinatorial polynomial algorithms for submodular function minimization (SFM) have recently been obtained and linear programming problems can be solved in polynomial time by interior-point algorithms, there still remain (open) problems of reducing the complexity of the SFM algorithms and of devising a strongly polynomial algorithm for linear programming. The present paper has been motivated by an attempt to solve these problems. We show some possible approaches to them by means of the minimum-norm-point algorithm. Computational results on submodular function minimization reveals that our algorithm outperforms the existing polynomial algorithms for SFM. We also carry out preliminary experiments on our algorithm for LP by using MATLAB, which shows some interesting behavior of our algorithm.
New Insights on Cultural Patterns of Suicide in the United States: The Role of Honor Culture

Cultural differences in suicide can be indicative of varying social pressures placed on individuals. High suicide rates in U.S. honor cultures have been proposed to reflect pressures associated with maintaining one’s reputation. We extend this argument by highlighting that honor concerns differentially impact individuals based on gender, ethnicity, and age. Controlling for relevant confounds, we show that suicide rates were highest among older European American men from honor cultures, presumably because aging may render these men less capable of conforming to cultural ideals of masculinity. We discuss the need for process-focused and subgroup analyses when examining the effects of culture on suicide.
Constraint-based Learning for Text Categorization

Text categorization automatically assigns a document to its underlying topics. Documents are typically represented as bag-ofwords, and machine learning based approaches have been shown to provide effective and scalable solutions by learning from examples. However, a limiting factor in the application of these approaches relies on the large number of examples required to train a classifier working on large taxonomies of classes. This paper presents a method to integrate prior knowledge that is typically available on the learning task into a text classifier based on kernel machines. The presented solution deals with any prior knowledge represented as firstorder logic (FOL) and, thanks to the generality of this formulation, can be used to express relations among the input patterns, known semantic relationships among the output categories and input-output rules. The kernel machine mathematical apparatus is re-used to cast the learning problem into a primal optimization of a function composed of the loss on the supervised examples, the regularization term, and a penalty term deriving from converting the knowledge into a set of continuous constraints. The experimental results, performed over the popular CORA dataset, show that the proposed approach overperforms both SVMs and state-of-the-art semi-supervised techniques in multi-label text classification problem.
Consistent stylization and painterly rendering of stereoscopic 3D images

We present a method for stylizing stereoscopic 3D images that guarantees consistency between the left and right views. Our method decomposes the left and right views of an input image into discretized disparity layers and merges the corresponding layers from the left and right views into a single layer where stylization takes place. We then construct new stylized left and right views by compositing portions of the stylized layers. Because the left and right views come from the same source layers, our method eliminates common artifacts that cause viewer discomfort. We also present a stereoscopic 3D painterly rendering algorithm tailored to our layer-based approach. This method uses disparity information to assist in stroke creation so that strokes follow surface geometry without ignoring painted surface patterns. Finally, we conduct a user study that demonstrates that our approach to stereoscopic 3D image stylization leads to images that are more comfortable to view than those created using other techniques.
Comparison between Different Global Weighting Schemes

the goal in information retrieval is to enable users to automatically and accurately retrieve data relevant to their queries. One possible approach to this problem is to use the vector space model, which models documents and queries as vectors in the term space. The components of the vectors are determined by the term weighting scheme. This paper compared between a selected set from the available term weighting schemes to determine which weighting method is the best one to be used with Arabic data collections. Our results shows that the best method is the probabilistic inverse (IDFP) method; and we recommend using it as a global weighting method for Arabic data collections.
International Migration and Development: A review in light of the crisis

Increasing international migratory flows in the last four decades is one of the most visible manifestations of the globalization process. In spite of its potential positive effect on global efficiency and well-being, little progress has been made in designing and promoting a normative and institutional framework to allow a better global governance of international migration. The current crisis has added new concerns in relation to migrant situation particularly in the countries more affected by the recession. It is likely that migratory pressures continue beyond the crisis, as international asymmetries that promote international migration have not been overcome.
Financial Dependence and Growth

Does finance affect economic growth? A number of studies have identified a positive correlation between the level of development of a country's financial sector and the rate of growth of its per capita income. As has been noted elsewhere, the observed correlation does not necessarily imply a causal relationship. This paper examines whether financial development facilitates economic growth by scrutinizing one rationale for such a relationship; that financial development reduces the costs of external finance to firms. Specifically, we ask whether industrial sectors that are relatively more in need of external finance develop disproportionately faster in countries with more developed financial markets. We find this to be true in a large sample of countries over the 1980s. We show this result is unlikely to be driven by omitted variables, outliers, or reverse causality.
Beyond Paradoxes: Bifocal Thinking and Systems Intelligent Leadership

This article discusses the inherent paradoxical nature of systems intelligent leadership. Systems intelligent leaders show a fluent ability to act as the situation calls for and exhibit bifocal thinking to transcendent seemingly oppositional positions to exploit the emergent potential. Selected paradoxical aspects of systems intelligent leadership are highlighted: acting intelligently without knowing the system completely, balancing control and emergence, and demonstrating utmost selflessness along with stern resolve. The article concludes that seeing beyond different kinds of paradoxes is at the heart of both systems intelligent thinking and leadership.
Identifying more bloggers: Towards large scale personality classification of personal weblogs

We report new results on the relatively novel task of automatic classification of blog author personality. Promisingly high classification accuracies have recently been reported for four important personality traits (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness). But the blog corpus used in that work required careful preparation, and was consequently quite small (with less than a hundred authors; and less than half a million words). Here, we provide an initial report on the classification accuracies that can be achieved when classifiers conditioned on the small corpus are applied to a larger, automatically-acquired blog corpus, using lowergranularity personality data and substantially less manual preparation (with over a thousand bloggers, and approximately five million words). Predictably, results on the larger corpus are not as impressive as those on the smaller; nevertheless, they point the way forward for further work.
Depression among smokers of a web-based intervention to quit smoking: a cross-sectional study

Introduction. Web-based interventions for smoking cessation are an innovative strategy to reduce the burden of smoking. Although many web-based interventions are freely available in many languages and have proven to be effective, so far no study has covered in detail the association between depression and smoking. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among users of the Viva sem Tabaco, a web-based intervention for smoking cessation. Method. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. In the internet-based intervention participated 1 433. Inclusion criteria were: being 18 years or older and a smoker; exclusion criteria were: omitting to fill out two questions of the screening depression questionnaire PHQ-2 and having made multiple accesses within a limited time span, characterizing invalid access. At the end, the sample had 461 participants. Participants answered questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco history, depression (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9), alcohol use, and intervention use. Results. Participants average age was 42.3 years (SD = 12.1). Most participants were female (67%), and 70% were employed during the time of the study. From the total sample, 36.4% of the participants presented depression according to PHQ-2. Being screened with depression was associated with tobacco dependence (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.20), and associated with not having a job (OR = .53; 95% CI = .29, .97). Discussion and conclusion. Depression may be a factor to be considered in programs that offer support to quit smoking through the internet for Portuguese Speakers.
A novel statistical model for turbulence-induced fading in free-space optical systems

In this paper, we propose a new probability distribution function which accurately describes turbulence-induced fading under a wide range of turbulence conditions. The proposed model, termed Double GG distribution, is based on a doubly stochastic theory of scintillation and developed via the product of two Generalized Gamma (GG) distributions. The proposed Double GG distribution generalizes many existing turbulence channel models in a closed-form expression and provides an excellent fit to the published plane and spherical waves simulation data. We finally evaluate the performance of a free-space optical system over the Double GG turbulence channel and derive closed-form expressions for the bit error rate, assuming intensity modulation/ direct detection with on-off keying.