Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ERBB4 Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Poor Distant Disease-Free Survival in High-Risk Early Breast Cancer

A number of genetic variants have been linked to increased risk of breast cancer. Little is, however, known about the prognostic significance of hereditary factors. Here, we investigated the frequency and prognostic significance of two ERBB4 promoter region variants, −782G>T (rs62626348) and −815A>T (rs62626347), in a cohort of 1010 breast cancer patients. The frequency of nine previously described somatic ERBB4 kinase domain mutations was also analyzed. Clinical material used in the study consisted of samples from the phase III, adjuvant, FinHer breast cancer trial involving 1010 women. Tumor DNA samples were genotyped for ERBB4 variants and somatic mutations using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry. Paraffin-embedded tumor sections from all patients were immunohistochemically stained for ErbB4 expression. Association of ERBB4 genotype to distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Genotyping was successful for 91–93% of the 1010 samples. Frequencies observed for the ERBB4 variants were 2.5% and 1.3% for −782G>T and −815A>T, respectively. Variant −815A>T was significantly associated with poor survival (HR = 2.86 [95% CI 1.15–6.67], P = 0.017). In contrast, variant −782G>T was associated with well-differentiated cancer (P = 0.019). Two (0.2%) ERBB4 kinase domain mutations were found, both of which have previously been shown to be functional and promote cancer cell growth in vitro. These data present the germ-line ERBB4 variant −815A>T as a novel prognostic marker in high-risk early breast cancer and indicate the presence of rare but potentially oncogenic somatic ERBB4 mutations in breast cancer.
Gender differences in variance and means on the Naglieri Non-verbal Ability Test: data from the Philippines.

BACKGROUND Research on gender differences in intelligence has focused mostly on samples from Western countries and empirical evidence on gender differences from Southeast Asia is relatively sparse. AIMS This article presents results on gender differences in variance and means on a non-verbal intelligence test using a national sample of public school students from the Philippines. SAMPLE More than 2,700 sixth graders from public schools across the country were tested with the Naglieri Non-verbal Ability Test (NNAT). METHODS Variance ratios (VRs) and log-transformed VRs were computed. Proportion ratios for each of the ability levels were also calculated and a chi-square goodness-of-fit test was performed. An analysis of variance was performed to determine the overall gender difference in mean scores as well as within each of three age subgroups. RESULTS Our data show non-existent or trivial gender difference in mean scores. However, the tails of the distributions show differences between the males and females, with greater variability among males in the upper half of the distribution and greater variability among females in the lower half of the distribution. Descriptions of the results and their implications are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Results on mean score differences support the hypothesis that there are no significant gender differences in cognitive ability. The unusual results regarding differences in variance and the male-female proportion in the tails require more complex investigations.
What is the human language faculty?: Two views

In addition to providing an account of the empirical facts of language, a theory that aspires to account for language as a biologically based human faculty should seek a graceful integration of linguistic phenomena with what is known about other human cognitive capacities and about the character of brain computation. The present discussion note compares the theoretical stance of biolinguistics (Chomsky 2005, Di Sciullo & Boeckx 2011) with a constraint-based PARALLEL ARCHITECTURE approach to the language faculty (Jackendoff 2002, Culicover & Jackendoff 2005). The issues considered include the necessity of redundancy in the lexicon and the rule system, the ubiquity of recursion in cognition, derivational vs. constraint-based formalisms, the relation between lexical items and grammatical rules, the roles of phonology and semantics in the grammar, the combinatorial character of thought in humans and nonhumans, the interfaces between language, thought, and vision, and the possible course of evolution of the language faculty. In each of these areas, the parallel architecture offers a superior account both of the linguistic facts and of the relation of language to the rest of the mind/brain.
Priming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory.

Subjects saw a list of 96 words. They were tested 1 hr. later and 7 days later for (a) recognition of words encountered in the study list, and (b) their ability to complete graphemic word fragments such as A A IN with appropriate words, some of which had appeared in the study list. Performance on the frag-ment-completion task was primed (facilitated) by the appearance of the target words in the earlier list, but the observed priming effects were independent of recognition memory in two ways: (a) Although recognition accuracy was greatly diminished over the 7-day retention interval, priming effects were unchanged, (b) Priming effects were as large for the words identified as "new" in the immediately preceding recognition test as they were for the words identified as "old. ", Priming effects in word-fragment completion may be mediated by a cognitive system other than episodic and semantic memory.
Does Parenthood Strengthen a Traditional Household Division of Labor? Everyday Time Use in Sweden, 1990/91-2000/01

Research in many countries indicates that the transition to parenthood intensifies gendered patterns in time use and strengthens a traditional division of household labor in which women do more housework and caring than men. This paper investigates the impact of parenthood on men’s and women’s everyday time use and how it changed over the 1990s by analyzing data from two Swedish Time Use Surveys, undertaken by Statistics Sweden in 1990/91 and 2000/01. Specifically, we address: In what way does presence of small children affect the time use of fathers and mothers, respectively? Which types of activities are affected the most by parenthood, and are there any gender differences in this respect? Did the effects of parenthood on gendered time use patterns change following structural and institutional change during the1990s? The results indicate that while parenthood in 1990 clearly strengthened the traditional gender division of labor in the household, this was much less the case in 2000, when parenthood affected men and women in a rather similar way. Paper for the IZA Bertelsmann Foundation Workshop: Balancing Work and Family Life – Comparative Assessment and Institutional Reform, in Bonn, November 23-24, 2007. This work has been done within the project “Male Fertility and Fatherhood”, financed by the Swedish Research Council. Martin Dribe also acknowledges financial support from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research. A previous version was presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, New York, March 2007, and at the International Association for Time Use Research, Washington D.C., October 2007. We thank discussants and other participants at these occasions for comments and suggestions.
Diagnostic Yield and Novel Candidate Genes by Exome Sequencing in 152 Consanguineous Families With Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Importance Autosomal recessive inherited neurodevelopmental disorders are highly heterogeneous, and many, possibly most, of the disease genes are still unknown. Objectives To promote the identification of disease genes through confirmation of previously described genes and presentation of novel candidates and provide an overview of the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in consanguineous families. Design, Setting, and Participants Autozygosity mapping in families and exome sequencing of index patients were performed in 152 consanguineous families (the parents descended from a same ancestor) with at least 1 offspring with intellectual disability (ID). The study was conducted from July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2015, and data analysis was conducted from July 1, 2015, to August 31, 2016. Results Of the 152 consanguineous families enrolled, 1 child (in 45 families [29.6%]) or multiple children (107 families [70.4%]) had ID; additional features were present in 140 of the families (92.1%). The mean (SD) age of the children was 10.3 (9.0) years, and 171 of 297 (57.6%) were male. In 109 families (71.7%), potentially protein-disrupting and clinically relevant variants were identified. Of these, a clear clinical genetic diagnosis was made in 56 families (36.8%) owing to 57 (likely) pathogenic variants in 50 genes already established in neurodevelopmental disorders (46 autosomal recessive, 2 X-linked, and 2 de novo) or in 7 previously proposed recessive candidates. In 5 of these families, potentially treatable disorders were diagnosed (mutations in PAH, CBS, MTHFR, CYP27A1, and HIBCH), and in 1 family, 2 disease-causing homozygous variants in different genes were identified. In another 48 families (31.6%), 52 convincing recessive variants in candidate genes that were not previously reported in regard to neurodevelopmental disorders were identified. Of these, 14 were homozygous and truncating in GRM7, STX1A, CCAR2, EEF1D, GALNT2, SLC44A1, LRRIQ3, AMZ2, CLMN, SEC23IP, INIP, NARG2, FAM234B, and TRAP1. The diagnostic yield was higher in individuals with severe ID (35 of 77 [45.5%]), in multiplex families (42 of 107 [39.3%]), in patients with additional features (30 of 70 [42.9%]), and in those with remotely related parents (15 of 34 [44.1%]). Conclusions and Relevance Because of the high diagnostic yield of 36.8% and the possibility of identifying treatable diseases or the coexistence of several disease-causing variants, using exome sequencing as a first-line diagnostic approach in consanguineous families with neurodevelopmental disorders is recommended. Furthermore, the literature is enriched with 52 convincing candidate genes that are awaiting confirmation in independent families.
*t to k: An Austronesian Sound Change Revisited

Although the change of *t to k in Hawaiian has been known and commented on for over 150 years, the widespread driftlike character of this development within Austronesian as a whole has generally gone unappreciated. This paper examines 20 historically independent instances of a *t > k change in at least 43 languages. Twelve of these changes are confined to Oceanic languages, seven to languages of eastern Indonesia, and one to western Indonesia. Almost without exception, the change *t > k has followed the loss of *k. In four languages *t > k took place only word-finally, and in two others it appears to be dissimilatory. Both structural and perceptual motivations for the change are considered, and it is concluded that *t > k usually begins as free variation within an enlarged phonological space created by the loss of *k. A few instances are difficult to reconcile with this explanation, and continue to present a challenge to linguistic theory.
Modeling of Photoinduced Deformation in Silicon Microcantilevers

A model for prediction the photostriction effect in silicon microcantilevers is built up based on the fundamentals of mechanics and semiconductor physics. By considering the spatial distribution and surface recombination of photoinduced carriers in silicon, the model interprets the cause of the photoinduced bending. The results from our model much more closely approximate the experimental values than the former model built up by Datskos, Rajic and Datskou [1](APL, Vol.73 (1998) No.16, pp 3219-2321), represented by the reduction of the error between calculation and measurement from 25 times to 0.85 times.
Temporal Distance and Moral Concerns: Future Morally Questionable Behavior is Perceived as More Wrong and Evokes Stronger Prosocial Intentions

Prior research on temporal construal has shown that core values become more salient when people think about distant- as compared to near-future events. The present research shows that greater temporal distance of an event also results in greater moral concern. More specifically, it was found that people make harsher moral judgments of others' distant-future morally questionable behavior than near-future morally questionable behavior. Moreover, it was shown that people increasingly attribute distant vs. near future behavior to abstract dispositional relative to concrete situational causes, and that this attribution bias is partially responsible for the temporal distance effect on moral judgments.
Screening health care personel for detection of Methichilin resistant of Staphylococus aureus carrier state at tertyori care hospital in Mysore

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of nosocomial infections. To know the prevalence rate of Staphylococcal carriage among health care workers (HCWs) at intensive care units of JSS hospital, this study was taken up.Methods: Nasal swabs from 200 health care workers (One swab from nose and other from hands, Total400 swabs) were collected and cultured on Blood agar and Mannitol salt agar. Methicillin resistance was detected by Oxacillin disc diffusion and growth on oxacillin resistance testing agar. RESULTS: Out of 400 samples tested, 223 samples yielded growth of Staphylococci. Among 200 HCWs screened, 159 of them carried Staphylococci (Carriage rate79%). Nasal carriage of MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was found in 19 (9.5%), while Skin carriage was found only in 7 (3.5%). Conclusion:Regular screening for Staphylococcal carriage in HCWs and treating them appropriately can reduce the rate of nosocomial infections and outbreaks of MRSA infections.
“Onomatopoeia and Images”: Preliminary Validity Study of a Test of Originality

Onomatopoeia and Images is a test of originality for adults using word stimuli which include semantic and sound elements to evoke imaginative responses. Each of the equivalent forms of the test has 10 items selected from a pool of onomatopoeic words and is administered by a recorded text. Scoring guides provide originality credits based on frequency of responses. The reliability and validity indices obtained are indicative of the potential promise of the instrument.
Evaluation of Functional Correlation of Task-Specific Muscle Synergies with Motor Performance in Patients Poststroke

The central nervous system produces movements by activating specifically programmed muscle synergies that are also altered with injuries in the brain, such as stroke. In this study, we hypothesize that there exists a positive correlation between task-specific muscle synergy and motor functions at joint and task levels in patients following stroke. The purpose here is to define and evaluate neurophysiological metrics based on task-specific muscle synergy for assessing motor functions in patients. A patient group of 10 subjects suffering from stroke and a control group of nine age-matched healthy subjects were recruited to participate in this study. Electromyography (EMG) signals and movement kinematics were recorded in patients and control subjects while performing arm reaching tasks. Muscle synergies of individual patients were extracted off-line from EMG records of each patient, and a baseline pattern of muscle synergy was obtained from the pooled EMG data of all nine control subjects. Peak velocities and movement durations of each reaching movement were computed from measured kinematics. Similarity indices of matching components to those of the baseline synergy were defined by synergy vectors and time profiles, respectively, as well as by a combined similarity of vector and time profile. Results showed that pathological synergies of patients were altered from the characteristics of baseline synergy with missing components, or varied vector patterns and time profiles. The kinematic performance measured by peak velocities and movement durations was significantly poorer for the patient group than the control group. In patients, all three similarity indices were found to correlate significantly to the kinematics of movements for the reaching tasks. The correlation to the Fugl-Meyer score of arm was the highest with the vector index, the lowest with the time profile index, and in between with the combined index. These findings illustrate that the analysis of task-specific muscle synergy can provide valuable insights into motor deficits for patients following stroke, and the task-specific similarity indices are useful neurophysiological metrics to predict the function of neuromuscular control at the joint and task levels for patients.
Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose

Permanence and Change was written and first published in the depths of the Great Depression. Attitudes Toward History followed it two years later. These were revolutionary texts in the theory of communication, and, as classics, they retain their surcharge of energy. Permanence and Change treats human communication in terms of ideal cooperation, whereas Attitudes Towards History characterizes tactics and patterns of conflict typical of actual human associations. It is in Permanence and Change that Burke establishes in path-breaking fashion that form permeates society just as it does poetry and the arts. Hence, his master idea that forms of art are not exclusively aesthetic: the cycles of a storm, the gradations of a sunrise, the stages of an epidemic, the undoing of Prince Hamlet are all instances of progressive form. This new Edition of Permanence and Change reprints Hugh Dalziel Duncan's long sociological introduction and includes a substantial new afterward in which Burke reexamines his early ideas in light of subsequent developments in his own thinking and in social theory.
The Food We Eat : An Evaluation of Food Items Input into an Electronic Food Monitoring Application

We present a formative study that examines what and how participants in a chronic kidney disease (stage 5) population input food items into an electronic intake monitoring application. Participants scanned food item barcodes or voice recorded food items they consumed during a three week period. The results indicated that a learning curve was associated with barcode scanning and participants with low literacy skills had difficulty describing food items in voice recordings. Participants thought this electronic self monitoring application would be helpful for chronically ill populations in their first year of dialysis treatment.
ORIENTATION OF SATELLITE AND AIRBORNE IMAGERY FROM MULTI-LINE PUSHBROOM SENSORS WITH A RIGOROUS SENSOR MODEL

Today CCD linear array scanners are widely used on satellite, airborne and helicopter platforms to provide images with along track stereo viewing. For the orientation of this kind of imagery, models based on the rigorous description of the acquisition geometry, on rational polynomial functions or on affine transformations are used. An overview is presented. Among these approaches, the model developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry (IGP), ETH Zurich, belongs to the class of rigorous models and is applicable to a wide class of pushbroom sensors carried on satellite, airplane and helicopter. The model can be used with single-lens and multi-lens sensors with synchronous and asynchronous stereo acquisition. The sensor position and attitude are modelled with 2 nd order piecewise polynomials depending on time. Additional pseudo-observations allow the reduction of the polynomial order from 2 to 1 if the trajectory allows it. In case of sensors carried on aircraft, the observations from GPS and INS instruments are integrated in the piecewise polynomials and are corrected from constant shifts ans misalignments between the GPS and INS local systems and the camera one and systematic errors contained in the observations. A self-calibration is also included for the corrections of radial and decentering lens distortions, principal point(s) displacement, focal length(s) variation and CCD line(s) rotation in the focal plane. Using a minimum of 6 Ground Control Points (GCPs) and, additionally, Tie Points (TPs), the external orientation and self-calibration parameters, together with the TPs ground coordinates, are estimated in a least-square adjustment. In order to demonstrate the model flexibility and potentials, different imagery from pushbroom sensors (TLS, EROS-A1, SPOT-5/HRS, ASTER, MOMS-02, MISR) have been oriented. In this paper a summary of the results obtained are presented and discussed.
Microbicidal Activity of Peroxidaseless Chicken Heterophile Leukocytes

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of the domestic chicken lack myeloperoxidase and, therefore, may be useful for studies of myeloperoxidase-independent antimicrobial mechanisms. Before such studies were undertaken, it was important to investigate the antimicrobial capacity of these cells against species of opportunistic pathogens that cause infection in humans with defective PMN function. In vitro, chicken PMN, like normal human PMN, readily phagocytized and killed Staphylococcus albus. They also killed Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Cytochemical methods confirmed the absence of myeloperoxidase from chicken PMN.
Disturbance Alters the Phylogenetic Composition and Structure of Plant Communities in an Old Field System

The changes in phylogenetic composition and structure of communities during succession following disturbance can give us insights into the forces that are shaping communities over time. In abandoned agricultural fields, community composition changes rapidly when a field is plowed, and is thought to reflect a relaxation of competition due to the elimination of dominant species which take time to re-establish. Competition can drive phylogenetic overdispersion, due to phylogenetic conservation of ‘niche’ traits that allow species to partition resources. Therefore, undisturbed old field communities should exhibit higher phylogenetic dispersion than recently disturbed systems, which should be relatively ‘clustered’ with respect to phylogenetic relationships. Several measures of phylogenetic structure between plant communities were measured in recently plowed areas and nearby ‘undisturbed’ sites. There was no difference in the absolute values of these measures between disturbed and ‘undisturbed’ sites. However, there was a difference in the ‘expected’ phylogenetic structure between habitats, leading to significantly lower than expected phylogenetic diversity in disturbed plots, and no difference from random expectation in ‘undisturbed’ plots. This suggests that plant species characteristic of each habitat are fairly evenly distributed on the shared species pool phylogeny, but that once the initial sorting of species into the two habitat types has occurred, the processes operating on them affect each habitat differently. These results were consistent with an analysis of correlation between phylogenetic distance and co-occurrence indices of species pairs in the two habitat types. This study supports the notion that disturbed plots are more clustered than expected, rather than ‘undisturbed’ plots being more overdispersed, suggesting that disturbed plant communities are being more strongly influenced by environmental filtering of conserved niche traits.