Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Close to the Edge, down by the River? Joining up Managed Retreat and Place Attachment in a Climate Changed World

in a climate changed world Introduction Climate change is disrupting and will increasingly disrupt the geographies of people, places, and spaces. Countries such as Kiribati, originally inhabited by the Micronesians between 3000 BC and 1300 AD, and towns such as Shishmaref, Alaska, a traditional Inupiaq Eskimo fishing village with 400 years of settlement are planning for relocation. Vulnerable city and other authorities that are beginning to plan for `managed retreat' (1) (the relocation of communities and ecosystems) are only now starting to insert limited policy interventions such as setback regulations into their plans. In this commentary we begin to problematize the way most planners and policy makers are currently thinking about the managed retreat of people, cherished places, and spaces. We suggest how, through psychology research and literature, policies and plans for managed retreat and place attachment should and could become joined up. Our argument is that, if future policies and plans for managed retreat are to be implemented successfully, a great deal of further work is required since in focusing on the more ecological, technical, and economic that is, physical aspects of relocation, they have neglected important psychological, symbolic, and particularly emotional aspects of healthy human habitatsödescribed by environmental psychologists as `place attachment'öand that a failure to address this crucial qualitative aspect of relocation may fundamentally undermine wider policy and planning initiatives on adaptation to climate change
The Potential of Mail Surveys

Surveys conducted by mail have often been regarded, sometimes justifiably, as strategies that are inferior to personal interviews for col lecting social science data from the contemporary population. But as the costs of conducting face-to-face interviews increase, and as the need for representative data becomes more pressing, it becomes increasingly important to examine closely the alternatives to personal interview surveys. This paper presents the results of a trial designed to assess the feasibility of using mailed questionnaires for surveys of the general population in Australia. From a 36 page questionnaire a very high (78 per cent) response rate was achieved. The overall success of the experi ment suggests that mailed questionnaires have greater potential for use in surveys of the general population than has yet been realised in Australian research.
Clinical Experience with Dexmedetomidine for Implantation of Deep Brain Stimulators in Parkinson's Disease

The pharmacologic profile of the α-2 agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex) suggests that it may be an ideal sedative drug for deep brain stimulator (DBS) implantation. We performed a retrospective chart review of anesthesia records of patients who underwent DBS implantation from 2001 to 2004. In 2003, a clinical protocol with Dex sedation for DBS implantation was initiated. Demographic data, use of antihypertensive medication, and duration of mapping were compared between patients who received Dex (11 patients/13 procedures) and patients who did not receive any sedation (controls: 8 patients/9 procedures). There were no differences in severity of illness between the two groups. Dex provided patient comfort and surgical satisfaction with mapping in all cases, and significantly reduced the use of antihypertensive medication (54% in the Dex group, versus 100% in controls, P = 0.048). In DBS implantation, sedation with Dex did not interfere with electrophysiologic mapping, and provided hemodynamic stability and patient comfort. Routine use of Dex in these procedures may be indicated.
New enactments of mentoring and activism: U.S. women of color in computing education and careers

In this paper we present themes from our National Science Foundation-funded projects, Beyond the Double Bind: Women of Color in STEM and Computing Beyond the Double Bind: Women of Color in Computing Education and Careers. The findings come from 14 interviews and 85 extant texts about 40 women of color. Our study contributes an analysis of how the intersection of gender and race affects career and education experiences in computing. We ask, What strategies work to enable U.S. women of color to achieve higher levels of advancement in computing education and careers? The findings bring to light new, emergent enactments of support, mentoring, and activism. This research will increase knowledge about success strategies to retain U.S. women of color, a population widely considered an untapped source of talent to fill the country's and the world's scientific workforce needs. The research may also provide other countries with new strategies to explore to retain and promote their underrepresented groups in computing.
Assessing large spatial scale landscape change effects on water quality and quantity response in the lower Athabasca River basin

Increased land use intensity has been shown to adversely affect aquatic ecosystems. Multiple landscape stressors interact over space and time, producing cumulative effects. Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA) is the process of evaluating the impact a development project may have on the ecological surroundings, but several challenges exist that make current approaches to cumulative effects assessment ineffective. The main objective of this study was to compare results of different methods used to link landscape stressors with stream responses in a highly developed watershed, where past work has shown that the river has experienced significant water quality and quantity changes to improve approaches to CEA. The study site was the lower reaches of the Athabasca River, Canada that have been subjected to a diverse range of intense anthropogenic developments since the late 1960s. Linkages between landscape change and river response were evaluated using correlation analyses, stepwise, multiple regression, and regression trees. Notable landscape changes include increased industrial development and forest cut‐blocks, made evident from satellite imagery and supporting ancillary data sets. Simple regression analyses showed water use was closely associated with total phosphorus (TP) and Na+ concentrations, as well as specific conductance. The regression trees for total organic carbon (TOC), TP, and Na+ showed that the landscape variables that appear as the first characteristic were the same variables that showed significant relations for their respective simple regression models. Simple, stepwise, and multiple regressions in conjunction with regression trees were useful in this study for capturing the strongest associations between landscape stressors and river response variables. The results highlight the need for improved scaling methods and monitoring strategies crucial to managing cumulative effects to river systems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:392–404. © 2012 SETAC
A novel feature descriptor based on microscopy image statistics

In this paper, we propose a novel feature description algorithm based on image statistics. The pipeline first performs independent component analysis on training image patches to obtain basis vectors (filters) for a lower dimensional representation. Then for a given image, a set of filter responses at each pixel is computed. Finally, a histogram representation, which considers the signs and magnitudes of the responses as well as the number of filters, is applied on local image patches. We propose to apply this idea to a microscopy image pixel identification system based on a learning framework. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the state-of-the-art descriptors in biomedical images of different microscopy modalities.
Early Parental Work, Family Social Capital, and Early Childhood Outcomes

This article evaluates the impact of parental working conditions on both a cognitive child outcome and a social one among a national sample of three- to six-year-old children with employed mothers. Current maternal working conditions (i.e., a mother's working conditions at the time of the study) affect verbal facility, but paternal work hours in the early years have significant effects on children's behavior problems. Mother's current occupational complexity interacts with her resources and employment characteristics to influence both cognitive and social outcomes. The conclusion is that adequate parental resources contribute to the forms of family social capital useful in facilitating positive child outcomes, but that conclusions regarding negative effects of maternal work in the child's first year have been overgeneralized.
Social dominance and prosocial and coercive strategies of resource control in preschoolers

This study was designed to investigate the predictors of social dominance, the strategies children use to control resources (prosocial and coercive), and the associations between these strategies and measures of personality, social skills, and peer regard. A total of 30 preschoolers (ages 3–6) were rated by their teachers on social dominance. Based on these ratings, dominant children were paired with multiple subordinate children (i.e., block design; Kenny, 1990) and observed in a play situation designed to elicit resource control behaviour. As hypothesised, age and the surgency facet of extraversion predicted social dominance (but openness to experience did not). Furthermore, also as expected, both prosocial behaviour and coercive behaviour were related to resource control in the play situation. Last, both resource control strategies were associated with parent-rated social competence, but only coercive control was associated with positive peer regard (i.e., Likeability). Factors of personality (e.g. agreeableness, hostility) were not associated with either of the strategies. The utility of an evolutionary perspective to resource control and social competence is discussed.
New insights into the history of the Campbell‐Stokes sunshine recorder

This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project NUCLIERSOL (CGL2010-18546). The first author was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Secretaria per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement, de la Generalitat de Catalunya i del programa Cofund de les Accions Marie Curie del 7e Programa marc d’R+D de la Unio Europea (2011 BP-B 00078). The fourth author was given a grant by the Juan de la Cierva programme (JCI-2011-10263) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The fifth author was given a grant by the FPU programme (FPU AP2010-0917) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Dimming/brightening research at ETH was supported by the National Centre for Competence in Climate Research (NCCR Climate) of the Swiss National Science Foundation. We wish to thank Jim Glass from the SRSM and Ron Steenvoorden for their useful advice regarding Campbell’s biography, which is summarized in the first section of this paper. Equally, we also wish to thank Christoph Schaer and Gerald Stanhill for their continuous support of our work. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Maximum likelihood linear transformations for HMM-based speech recognition

Abstract This paper examines the application of linear transformations for speaker and environmental adaptation in an HMM-based speech recognition system. In particular, transformations that are trained in a maximum likelihood sense on adaptation data are investigated. Only model-based linear transforms are considered, since, for linear transforms, they subsume the appropriate feature–space transforms. The paper compares the two possible forms of model-based transforms: (i) unconstrained, where any combination of mean and variance transform may be used, and (ii) constrained, which requires the variance transform to have the same form as the mean transform. Re-estimation formulae for all appropriate cases of transform are given. This includes a new and efficient full variance transform and the extension of the constrained model–space transform from the simple diagonal case to the full or block–diagonal case. The constrained and unconstrained transforms are evaluated in terms of computational cost, recognition time efficiency, and use for speaker adaptive training. The recognition performance of the two model–space transforms on a large vocabulary speech recognition task using incremental adaptation is investigated. In addition, initial experiments using the constrained model–space transform for speaker adaptive training are detailed.
S100A13 mediates the copper-dependent stress-induced release of IL-1α from both human U937 and murine NIH 3T3 cells

Copper is involved in the promotion of angiogenic and inflammatory events in vivo and, although recent clinical data has demonstrated the potential of Cu2+ chelators for the treatment of cancer in man, the mechanism for this activity remains unknown. We have previously demonstrated that the signal peptide-less angiogenic polypeptide, FGF1, uses intracellular Cu2+ to facilitate the formation of a multiprotein aggregate that enables the release of FGF1 in response to stress and that the expression of the precursor form but not the mature form of IL-1α represses the stress-induced export of FGF1 from NIH 3T3 cells. We report here that IL-1α is a Cu2+-binding protein and human U937 cells, like NIH 3T3 cells, release IL-1α in response to temperature stress in a Cu2+-dependent manner. We also report that the stress-induced export of IL-1α involves the intracellular association with the Cu2+-binding protein, S100A13. In addition, the expression of a S100A13 mutant lacking a sequence novel to this gene product functions as a dominant-negative repressor of IL-1α release, whereas the expression of wild-type S100A13 functions to eliminate the requirement for stress-induced transcription. Lastly, we present biophysical evidence that IL-1α may be endowed with molten globule character, which may facilitate its release through the plasma membrane. Because Cu2+ chelation also represses the release of FGF1, the ability of Cu2+ chelators to potentially serve as effective clinical anti-cancer agents may be related to their ability to limit the export of these proinflammatory and angiogenic signal peptide-less polypeptides into the extracellular compartment.
Impact evaluation of reactive assessment strategies to address social loafing by promoting student cooperation and encouraging mutual support

Cooperative work is an effective strategy when team members are kept motivated and collaborate towards the achievement of a common goal. However, social loafing may significantly reduce educational gains. In this article, we analyse whether assessment-based reactive strategies that exploit existing emotional relationships between the team members are effective as a response to unequal commitment in cooperative tasks. In particular, an adaptive negotiation process that permits students to improve their grades by improving future scores obtained by free riders is suggested. Findings support that these types of strategies may have a great impact in fostering peer tutoring, student cooperation and mutual support.
Shaping chromatin with DICER

The accessibility of chromatin is an essential feature of DNA templated processes such as DNA replication, transcription and DNA repair. The chromatin condensation state, and thus accessibility, is modulated by a variety of chromatin remodeling complexes [1] as well as epigenetic components; for instance by bridging gene regulatory elements [2]. More recently, the function of ncRNAs in regulating chromatin has received much attention. One important player that processes ncRNAs to control gene expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus is the endoribonuclease DICER. DICER cleaves doublestranded RNA into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). Whereas miRNAs are essential to degrade mRNAs in the cytoplasm, siRNAs produced by DICER contribute to the generation of heterochromatin [3] (Figure 1). RNA generated from the locus to be silenced is converted into dsRNA by the activity of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), and the resulting dsRNA is subsequently processed by DICER (Figure 1). siRNAs generated by DICER are loaded into the RITS (RNAinduced transcriptional silencing) complex, which targets the RITS complex to chromatin causing the spreading of H3K9-trimethylation along the chromatin fiber [3]. Likewise, DICER contributes to the DNA damage response by generating small non-coding RNAs at DNA double strand breaks that are necessary for the recruitment of the mediators MDC1 and 53BP1 [4]. Very recently a novel function of DICER was identified that contrasts its conventional RNA-dependent functions in regulating chromatin conformation [5]. Contrary to its role in forming heterochromatin in a siRNA dependent fashion, DICER also facilitates the decondensation of chromatin at DNA damage sites. Importantly, this novel and unexpected role was demonstrated to be independent of its catalytic activity. DICER is recruited to chromatin by the H2A-ubiquitin binding protein ZRF1, which links DICER not only to the ubiquitin signaling pathways during DNA repair but potentially also to the ZRF1-dependent activation of genes during stem cell differentiation. ZRF1 associates to chromatin by tethering to the epigenetic H2A-ubiquitin mark and by binding RNA with its c-terminal SANT domains [6] (Figure 1). ZRF1 may be regarded a tethering platform for DICER, the Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes [5], which contribute to the decondensation of chromatin structures. Hence, DICER represents a general tool to shape the chromatin conformation. Employing its siRNA processing activity it contributes to chromatin condensation, while in complex with ZRF1 and chromatin remodeling factors and independent of its catalytic activity it contributes to chromatin decondensation (Figure 1). An important question remaining is how DICER carries out these different functions and in particular how it can facilitate chromatin decondensation. Regulating the Editorial
Targeting C-myc G-Quadruplex: Dual Recognition by Aminosugar-Bisbenzimidazoles with Varying Linker Lengths

G-quadruplexes are therapeutically important biological targets. In this report, we present biophysical studies of neomycin-Hoechst 33258 conjugates binding to a G-quadruplex derived from the C-myc promoter sequence. Our studies indicate that conjugation of neomycin to a G-quadruplex binder, Hoechst 33258, enhances its binding. The enhancement in G-quadruplex binding of these conjugates varies with the length and composition of the linkers joining the neomycin and Hoechst 33258 units.
Increased public reimbursement for prophylactic visits with dentists associated with increased receipt of preventive dental services in children

OBJECTIVE To determine whether higher reimbursement for children's preventive dentistry correlates with greater utilization of preventive dental care. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of National Survey of Children's Health 2011/2012 was conducted, combined with state Medicaid reimbursement rates for preventive dentistry. Analyses included prevalence, unadjusted odds ratios, and multivariable logistic regression for receipt of preventive dental services. RESULTS Of all surveyed American children 1-17 years, almost 20 percent had not received preventive dental care in prior year; this percentage is even higher in those with public insurance. Each $10 increase in state reimbursement was associated with a 17 percent decrease in odds of children not receiving preventive services. CONCLUSIONS Higher state reimbursement for preventive services may increase children's receipt of preventive dental care.
Comparison of Dental Caries Prevalence in Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate and Their Sibling Controls

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients with cleft lip and/or palate and their cleft-free sibling controls. Methods: The two subject groups (patient and control) comprised 106 participants. The former group consisted of 53 patients with cleft lip and/or palate, aged 12 to 29 years, who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital at Damascus University of Syria. The control group consisted of the patients’ siblings who had no clefts, and they were sex matched to the patient group. Dental caries were examined clinically and were reported using the decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. The DMFT scores were compared between the two groups. Results: The author found an overall association of dental caries with the presence of cleft lip and/or palate (odds ratio = 2.52; 95% confidence interval = 1.389–4.574; p < .05). The DMFT index scores were proportionally higher in patients with cleft lip and/or palate compared with the control group (p < .001). Conclusion: Subjects with cleft lip and palate are susceptible to dental caries independently of socioeconomic status.
[EVALUATION OF THE BODY ADIPOSITY INDEX IN PREDICTING PERCENTAGE BODY FAT AMONG COLOMBIAN ADULTS].

OBJECTIVE the body adiposity index (BAI) is a new simplistic method for predicting body fat percentage (BF%) via a simple equation of hip circumference to height. Up to now, few studies have evaluated the performance of BAI in determining excess fat in Colombians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of BAI as a predictor of body fat in among Colombian adults. METHODS cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of 204 male belonging to the education sector from Bogotá, Colombia. BAI was calculated based on the equation reported in the Bergman et al. %BF determined by tetrapolar bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used as the reference measure of adiposity. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between the two methods: BAI and BIA. Associations between anthropometric measures of adiposity were investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS in general pupulation, the BAI overestimates %BF (mean difference: 12.5 % [95%CI = -4.04 % to -21.02 %]), mainly at lower levels of adiposity (mean difference: 10.2 ± 3.3). Significant correlations were found between BAI and all measurements, being the strongest-moderate correlation with %BF (r = 0.777, p < 0.001), waist to height ratio (r = 0.557, p < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.480, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION the results of this investigation indicate that BAI results in large individual errors when predicting BF% among Colombian adults and has a tendency to provide overestimated values as BF% decreases. Therefore, this method can be a useful tool to predict %BF in Colombian adults, although it has some limitations.