Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Lynsey Hanley, Respectable: The Experience of Class

outside; capitalism has totalising tendencies, yes, but it is not (yet? ) a totalitarian system. He also seems to assume that capitalism is about increasing productivity when really it is about increasing profitability, which is not quite the same thing. He misconstrues real subsumption as ideological when actually mystification is inherent in the capital–labour relation (Burawoy, 2012), and I think this is what leads him later on to exaggerate the impact of the neoliberal spin spouted by employers, which he earlier recognised cut little ice with most workers. I would suggest that processes of destabilisation, demobilisation and divestment of workforces are better understood as embodied in the labour process as part of class-based strategies of domination rather than as ‘an ideological form’ (p. 89). I think Fleming also tends to individualise modes of resistance, as he cites desertion, suicide, sleep and illness as examples (albeit that desertion is presented as a collective act). I also think he goes too far in his critique of capitalist work in that he tends to downplay the use-value of such work (a worker earns a wage in a sense in which a landlord does not earn a rent and a lender does not earn an interest) – from capital’s point of view all work is ‘bullshit’ (p. 197) but the workers do not have to accept such nihilism and on the whole they do not. It could also be argued, however, that Fleming does not go far enough in his critique. There is a suggestion of a critique of labour as capital in Chapter 6 but it remains undeveloped. In contrast, Weeks (2011), for example, has questioned the whole validity of a concept of work and called for a radical revaluation of social reproduction. Similarly, Green theorists such as Scott-Cato (2002) have long argued, largely on environmental grounds, for an abolition of capitalist work as we know it. The book ends with an interesting mini-manifesto (pp. 194–199) but this is difficult to assess because it emerges more or less out of the blue and lacks the detailed contextualisation found in Weeks’ book, for example.
Measurements of coherent tune shifts and head-tail growth rates at the CERN SPS

As part of an ongoing effort to monitor SPS impedance changes with regard to the upgrading of this machine as injector into the LHC, the coherent tune shifts and headtail growth rates in the SPS were measured for single proton bunches at 26 GeV. From these measurements the real and imaginary components of the transverse broadband impedance can be estimated. Several measurements and calculations similar to those described in this paper have been performed in the past. Most of them are quite old and, moreover, there has been a significant spread in the vertical and horizontal broadband impedance parameters obtained (covering about a factor of 3, from 12 to 48 MΩ/m in Z v/Q). Our aim is to measure an observable with an uncertainty below 20%. This would allow us to monitor the improvements planned to reduce the impedance of the SPS as injector into the LHC. The measurements were all done using single and relatively short bunches (σz ≈ 16 cm or σ ≈ 0.55 ns) injected at 26 GeV in the SPS-MD cycle. The fixed beam energy of 26 GeV was imposed by beam availability. In the future, we plan to confirm these measurements at a higher energy, to exclude any bias from space-charge effects [1, 2] and to measure over a larger range of chromaticity. The measurements were performed close to “standard tunes” (x =2 6.62, Qy =2 6.58). Chromaticity was carefully measured and corrected in order to be slightly positive. The octupole components in the machine were compensated. The damper was off. The tune measurements were done using 1 mm (nominal) kicks. With these settings and for small intensities (∼ 10 10 protons), one obtains rather clean sinusoidal oscillations with little damping, observable online over 2 12 = 4096 turns using the SPS tune application. Ideally, the bunch dimensions and in particular the bunch length should not vary from one intensity to another. The best compromise was achieved by adjusting the beam in the PS for the highest intensity first (close to 10 11 protons per bunch), and then reducing it by vertical scraping in the PS. In this way, the bunch length and horizontal beam size remained nearly constant (whereas the vertical size changes by a factor of 4 within this range of bunch population). In the future we plan to use the new scraping facilities in the SPS. On the SPS side, the 200 MHz rf was adjusted to obtain good capture and matching. In order to be indepen
Comparative sequence analysis of myosin heavy chain proteins from congeneric shallow- and deep-living rattail fish (genus Coryphaenoides)

SUMMARY The evolutionary adaptations of functional genes to life at high pressure are not well understood. To elucidate the mechanisms of protein adaptation to high pressure, we cloned the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) cDNA from skeletal muscle of two deep-sea fishes, Coryphaenoides yaquinae and C. armatus, and two non-deep-sea fishes, C. acrolepis and C. cinereus. The MyHCs of deep-sea fishes have a unique structure in two loop regions, loop-1 and loop-2, in comparison with those of non-deep-sea fishes. The loop-1 region of deep-sea fishes has a Pro residue and the loop-2 region, which is an actin-binding site, is shorter than the same region in non-deep-sea fishes. The amino acid substitution in the loop-1 region is expected to be mainly involved in ATPase activity, whereas the deletion in the loop-2 region affects the association of MyHC with actin filaments at high pressure. In addition, the MyHC of deep-sea fishes has biased amino acid substitutions at core positions in the coiled-coil structure of the rod region. These amino acid substitutions are likely to decrease the cavities in the coiled-coil structure and consequently make the structure more compact and unaffected by high pressure. Together, these results indicate that amino acid substitutions can adaptively alter the pressure sensitivity of a protein even if they do not directly influence core structure.
Exploring EAP Self-Efficacy Ratings of an Academic Faculty at a Major Japanese Research University

This paper presents the results of a pilot survey conducted in a Faculty of Education at a major research university in Western Japan. The purpose of the survey was twofold: Assessing faculty members’ perceived self-efficacy in key academic English (EAP) skills, and gauging faculty interest in further developing certain EAP skills. Faculty (n = 67) responded to twelve EAP self-efficacy items and nine EAP developmental interest items. Faculty responses indicate high self-efficacy with generally simple tasks like self-introductions and emails, and lower efficacy for tasks like writing publishable manuscripts. Efficacy with skills in between these two ends of the spectrum revealed little pattern, indicating faculty feel they possess a diverse range of EAP skills. There was a clear pattern of preference for developing EAP skills directly related to engaging in international conferences or writing manuscripts in English. Limitations of and future directions for this line of research are discussed.
Assessing Risk Factors for Migraine: Differences in Gender Transmission

Aim Our aim was to assess which specific factors are contributing to an increased risk of migraine in a group of 131 Portuguese families. Methods We studied 319 first-degree relatives, using a multilevel approach to account for the dependency among members from the same family. We included in the model relative’s gender, the proband’s gender and age-at-onset, to evaluate if any of these variables were associated with relative’s affection status. We also included in the model proband’s migraine subtype. We further assessed female and male transmissions within the proband nuclear family. Results Relatives’ gender was found to be a risk factor for migraine (Odds Ratio = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.75–4.67), with females at a higher risk. When splitting probands according to their migraine subtype, we found that none of the variables studied contributed to relatives of MA-probands affection-status. Our results also show a significant difference between proband’s transmission and the gender of the parents and offspring. Conclusions With this study, we showed that gender is truly a risk factor for migraine and that a gender-biased transmission is also observed. This reinforce the importance of identifying genes associated with migraine that are modulated by genes located in the sex chromosomes and the study of mitochondrial DNA or X-chromosome and hormonal-related effects associated with migraine susceptibility.
Combined Fault Detector and Faulted Phase Selector for Transmission Lines Based on Adaptive Cumulative Sum Method

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for fault detection in transmission lines. This idea is based on the adaptive cumulative sum method (ACUSUM), whose structure is adaptive with the current passing through the corresponding line. The proposed ACUSUM algorithm can detect even low magnitude faults with high resistances. By using the proposed method, just a few milliseconds after fault inception, the fault detection unit permits the main protection algorithm to become activated. Moreover, ACUSUM output indices can discriminate faulted phases within only 1 ms after fault registration. This new faulted-phase selector can also be applied to double-circuit transmission lines to detect cross-faults as well as intercircuit faults. The results have shown that the proposed method has good performance in speed and accuracy as a combined fault detector and faulted-phase selector algorithm.
Bayesian Methods for Improving Credit Scoring Models

We propose a Bayesian methodology that enables banks to improve their credit scoring models by imposing prior information. As prior information, we use coefficients from credit scoring models estimated on other data sets. Through simulations, we explore the default prediction power of three Bayesian estimators in three different scenarios and find that they perform better than standard maximum likelihood estimates. We recommend that banks consider Bayesian estimation for internal and regulatory default prediction models.
Enhancement of Gamma Oscillations Indicates Preferential Processing of Native over Foreign Phonemic Contrasts in Infants

Young infants discriminate phonetically relevant speech contrasts in a universal manner, that is, similarly across languages. This ability fades by 12 months of age as the brain builds language-specific phonemic maps and increasingly responds preferentially to the infant's native language. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of infant preference for native over non-native phonemes remain unclear. Since gamma-band power is known to signal infants' preference for native language rhythm, we hypothesized that it might also indicate preference for native phonemes. Using high-density electroencephalogram/event-related potential (EEG/ERP) recordings and source-localization techniques to identify and locate the ERP generators, we examined changes in brain oscillations while 6-month-old human infants from monolingual English settings listened to English and Spanish syllable contrasts. Neural dynamics were investigated via single-trial analysis of the temporal-spectral composition of brain responses at source level. Increases in 4–6 Hz (theta) power and in phase synchronization at 2–4 Hz (delta/theta) were found to characterize infants' evoked responses to discrimination of native/non-native syllable contrasts mostly in the left auditory source. However, selective enhancement of induced gamma oscillations in the area of anterior cingulate cortex was seen only during native contrast discrimination. These results suggest that gamma oscillations support syllable discrimination in the earliest stages of language acquisition, particularly during the period in which infants begin to develop preferential processing for linguistically relevant phonemic features in their environment. Our results also suggest that by 6 months of age, infants already treat native phonemic contrasts differently from non-native, implying that perceptual specialization and establishment of enduring phonemic memory representations have been initiated.
The Global Burden of Road Injury: Its Relevance to the Emergency Physician

Background. Road traffic crash fatalities in the United States are at the lowest level since 1950. The reduction in crash injury burden is attributed to several factors: public education and prevention programs, traffic safety policies and enforcement, improvements in vehicle design, and prehospital services coupled with emergency and acute trauma care. Globally, the disease burden of road traffic injuries is rising. In 1990, road traffic injuries ranked ninth in the ten leading causes of the global burden of disease. By 2030, estimates show that road traffic injuries will be the fifth leading causes of death in the world. Historically, emergency medicine has played a pivotal role in contributing to the success of the local, regional, and national traffic safety activities focused on crash and injury prevention. Objective. We report on the projected trend of the global burden of road traffic injuries and fatalities and describe ongoing global initiatives to reduce road traffic morbidity and mortality. Discussion. We present key domains where emergency medicine can contribute through international collaboration to address global road traffic-related morbidity and mortality. Conclusion. International collaborative programs and research offer important opportunities for emergency medicine physicians to make a meaningful impact on the global burden of disease.
Sequential Greedy Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks With Inaccurate Anchor Positions

In this paper, we consider the range-based sensor network localization with inaccurate anchor position information. First, a novel optimization algorithm named sequential greedy optimization (SGO) algorithm is proposed, and then two distributed localization algorithms are obtained: the first is obtained by applying the SGO algorithm to a convex formulation of the localization problem, named CSGLA; while the second is obtained by applying the SGO algorithm to a nonconvex formulation of the localization problem, named NCSGLA. The CSGLA must converge globally while the NCSGLA may converge locally. Both algorithms are partially asynchronous and can be implemented in a distributed fashion in networks. We demonstrate the localization performance via simulations. Simulation results show that, 1) the CSGLA algorithm works faster than the synchronous algorithm [16] with the same localization accuracy; 2) with a reasonably good initialization, the NCSGLA can work much better than the CSGLA.
Evaluation of body composition in COPD patients using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis

Background Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) is a technique that measures body impedance (Z) at different frequencies (5, 10, 50, 100, and 250 kHz). Body composition may be estimated using empirical equations, which include BIA variables or, alternatively, raw BIA data may provide direct information on water distribution and muscle quality. Objectives To compare raw MF-BIA data between COPD patients and controls and to study their relationship with respiratory and functional parameters in COPD patients. Methods MF-BIA was performed (Human Im-Touch analyzer) in 212 COPD patients and 115 age- and BMI-matched controls. Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass were estimated from BIA data, and low- to high-frequency (5 kHz/250 kHz) impedance ratio was calculated. Physical fitness, lung function and respiratory muscle strength were also assessed in COPD patients. Results After adjusting for age, weight, and body mass index, FFM and the 5/250 impedance ratio were lower in COPD patients (P<0.001) and were negatively affected by disease severity. In both male and female patients, the 5/250 impedance ratio was significantly correlated mainly with age (r=−0.316 and r=−0.346, respectively). Patients with a 5/250 impedance ratio below median value had lower handgrip strength (P<0.001), 6-minute walk distance (P<0.005), respiratory muscle strength (P<0.005), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P<0.05) and vital capacity (P<0.005). Finally, the 5/250 impedance ratio was reduced (P<0.05) in patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) III and IV (compared to those with GOLD I and II) or a BODE index between 6 and 10 points (compared to those with BODE index between 1 and 5 points). Conclusion MF-BIA may be a useful tool for assessing body composition and nutritional status in COPD patients. In particular, the impedance ratio could give valuable information on cellular integrity and muscle quality.
Factors affecting road mortality of white- tailed deer in eastern South Dakota

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) mortalities (n = 4,433) caused by collisions with automobiles during 2003 were modeled in 35 counties in eastern South Dakota. Seventeen independent variables and 5 independent variable interactions were evaluated to explain deer mortalities. A negative binomial regression model (Ln Y = 1.25 - 0.12 (percentage tree coverage) + 0.0002 (county area) + 5.39 (county hunter success rate) + 0.0023 (vehicle proxy 96-104 km/hr roads), model deviance = 33.43, χ 2 = 27.53, df = 27) was chosen using a combination of a priori model selection and AICc. Management options include use of the model to predict road mortalities and to increase the number of hunting licenses, which could result in fewer DVCs. numbers have increased dramatically in density and distribution during the twentieth century in the United States (McShea and Underwood
The Effects of Centralised and Specialised Intervention in the Early Course of Severe Unipolar Depressive Disorder: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Background Little is known on whether centralised and specialised combined pharmacological and psychological intervention in the early phase of severe unipolar depression improve prognosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the benefits and harms of centralised and specialised secondary care intervention in the early course of severe unipolar depression. Methods A randomised multicentre trial with central randomisation and blinding in relation to the primary outcome comparing a centralised and specialised outpatient intervention program with standard decentralised psychiatric treatment. The interventions were offered at discharge from first, second, or third hospitalisation due to a single depressive episode or recurrent depressive disorder. The primary outcome was time to readmission to psychiatric hospital. The data on re-hospitalisation was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. The secondary and tertiary outcomes were severity of depressive symptoms according to the Major Depression Inventory, adherence to medical treatment, and satisfaction with treatment according to the total score on the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale-Affective Disorder (VSSS-A). These outcomes were assessed using questionnaires one year after discharge from hospital. Results A total of 268 patients with unipolar depression were included. There was no significant difference in the time to readmission (unadjusted hazard ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.60 to 1.32; log rank: χ2 = 0.3, d.f. = 1, p = 0.6); severity of depressive symptoms (mood disorder clinic: median 21.6, quartiles 9.7–31.2 versus standard treatment: median 20.2, quartiles 10.0–29.8; p = 0.7); or the prevalence of patients in antidepressant treatment (73.9% versus 80.0%, p = 0.2). Centralised and specialised secondary care intervention resulted in significantly higher satisfaction with treatment (131 (SD 31.8) versus 107 (SD 25.6); p<0.001). Conclusions Centralised and specialised secondary care intervention in the early course of severe unipolar depression resulted in no significant effects on time to rehospitalisation, severity of symptoms, or use of antidepressants, but increased patient satisfaction. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00253071
Evolutionary International Relations: A Biopolitical Framework for Teaching World Politics

This article pursues two goals. It sets forth a framework for incorporating life sciences materials into introductory or advanced courses in international relations. It also presents a format for processing these materials in the classroom. In pursuit of these aims, the article addresses problems commonly encountered when initially undertaking a more balanced biopolitical approach to international relations, and sets forth proposals designed to treat these problems.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C‐mediated lymphangiogenesis promotes tumour metastasis

Metastasis is a frequent and lethal complication of cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) is a recently described lymphangiogenic factor. Increased expression of VEGF‐C in primary tumours correlates with dissemination of tumour cells to regional lymph nodes. However, a direct role for VEGF‐C in tumour lymphangiogenesis and subsequent metastasis has yet to be demonstrated. Here we report the establishment of transgenic mice in which VEGF‐C expression, driven by the rat insulin promoter (Rip), is targeted to β‐cells of the endocrine pancreas. In contrast to wild‐type mice, which lack peri‐insular lymphatics, RipVEGF‐C transgenics develop an extensive network of lymphatics around the islets of Langerhans. These mice were crossed with Rip1Tag2 mice, which develop pancreatic β‐cell tumours that are neither lymphangiogenic nor metastatic. Double‐transgenic mice formed tumours surrounded by well developed lymphatics, which frequently contained tumour cell masses of β‐cell origin. These mice frequently developed pancreatic lymph node metastases. Our findings demonstrate that VEGF‐C‐induced lymphangiogenesis mediates tumour cell dissemination and the formation of lymph node metastases.
Genetic and phenotypic divergence in an island bird: isolation by distance, by colonization or by adaptation?

Discerning the relative roles of adaptive and nonadaptive processes in generating differences among populations and species, as well as how these processes interact, is a fundamental aim in biology. Both genetic and phenotypic divergence across populations can be the product of limited dispersal and gradual genetic drift across populations (isolation by distance), of colonization history and founder effects (isolation by colonization) or of adaptation to different environments preventing migration between populations (isolation by adaptation). Here, we attempt to differentiate between these processes using island populations of Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii), a passerine bird endemic to three Atlantic archipelagos. Using microsatellite markers and approximate Bayesian computation, we reveal that the northward colonization of this species ca. 8500 years ago resulted in genetic bottlenecks in the colonized archipelagos. We then show that high levels of genetic structure exist across archipelagos and that these are consistent with a pattern of isolation by colonization, but not with isolation by distance or adaptation. Finally, we show that substantial morphological divergence also exists and that this is strongly concordant with patterns of genetic structure and bottleneck history, but not with environmental differences or geographic distance. Overall, our data suggest that founder effects are responsible for both genetic and phenotypic changes across archipelagos. Our findings provide a rare example of how founder effects can persist over evolutionary timescales and suggest that they may play an important role in the early stages of speciation.