Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electronic Collaborators: Learner-Centered Technologies for Literacy, Apprenticeship, and Discourse

Contents: M. Riel, Foreword: Conceptual Order and Collaborative Tools--Creating Intellectual Identity. Preface. C.J. Bonk, K.S. King, Introduction to Electronic Collaborators. Part I:Theoretical and Technological Foundations. C.J. Bonk, K.S. King, Computer Conferencing and Collaborative Writing Tools: Starting a Dialogue About Student Dialogue. C.J. Bonk, D.J. Cunningham, Searching for Learner-Centered, Constructivist, and Sociocultural Components of Collaborative Educational Learning Tools. T.M. Duffy, B. Dueber, C.L. Hawley, Critical Thinking in a Distributed Environment: A Pedagogical Base for the Design of Conferencing Systems. Part II:Stand-Alone System Collaboration. C. Angeli, D.J. Cunningham, Bubble Dialogue: Tools for Supporting Literacy and Mind. J.R. Savery, Fostering Ownership for Learning With Computer-Supported Collaborative Writing in an Undergraduate Business Communication Course. Part III:Asynchronous Electronic Conferencing. W.A. Sugar, C.J. Bonk, Student Role Play in the World Forum: Analyses of an Arctic Adventure Learning Apprenticeship. S-M. Chong, Models of Asynchronous Computer Conferencing for Collaborative Learning in Large College Classes. R. Althauser, J.M. Matuga, On the Pedagogy of Electronic Instruction. S.E. Kirkley, J.R. Savery, M.M. Grabner-Hagen, Electronic Teaching: Extending Classroom Dialogue and Assistance Through E-mail Communication. E. Zhu, Learning and Mentoring: Electronic Discussion in a Distance Learning Course. Part IV:Multiconferencing: Asynchronous and Synchronous Classrooms. D.H. Cooney, Sharing Aspects Within Aspects: Real-Time Collaboration in the High School English Classroom. C.J. Bonk, E.J. Hansen, M.M. Garbner-Hagen, S.A. Lazar, C. Mirabelli, Time to "Connect": Synchronous and Asynchronous Case-Based Dialogue Among Preservice Teachers. I. King, The Use of Computer-Mediated Communication: Electronic Collaboration and Interactivity. Part V:Looking Back and Glancing Ahead. M.A. Siegel, S.E. Kirkley, Adventure Learning as a Vision of the Digital Learning Environment. K.S. King, Designing 21st-Century Educational Networlds: Structuring Electronic Social Spaces.
Vitamin A Deficiency Disorders in Children and Women

Vitamin A deficiency is an endemic nutrition problem throughout much of the developing world, especially affecting the health and survival of infants, young children, and pregnant and lactating women. These age and life-stage groups represent periods when both nutrition stress is high and diet likely to be chronically deficient in vitamin A. Approximately 127 million preschool-aged children and 7 million pregnant women are vitamin A deficient. Health consequences of vitamin A deficiency include mild to severe systemic effects on innate and acquired mechanisms of host resistance to infection and growth, increased burden of infectious morbidity, mild to severe (blinding) stages of xerophthalmia, and increased risk of mortality. These consequences are defined as vitamin A deficiency disorders (VADD). Globally, 4.4 million preschool children have xerophthalmia and 6 million mothers suffer night blindness during pregnancy. Both conditions are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. While reductions of child mortality of 19–54% following vitamin A treatment have been widely reported, more recent work suggests that dosing newborns with vitamin A may, in some settings, lower infant mortality. Among women, one large trial has so far reported a ≥ 40% reduction in mortality related to pregnancy with weekly, low-dose vitamin A supplementation. Epidemiologic data on vitamin A deficiency disorders can be useful in planning, designing, and targeting interventions.
Public Perceptions of Journalists' Ethical Motivations

Telephone surveys of 376 residents and 60 daily journalists in the same Midwestern county revealed starkly different conceptions of journalistic ethics. Members of the public seemed to believe that journalists' ethics are guided primarily by their occupational norms and competitive pressures, whereas the journalists themselves cited organizational policies, the relevant law, and their own individual reasoning as the primary influences on their ethical decision making. Journalists and public respondents showed surprisingly high agreement, however, on the unacceptability of specific, ethically controversial actions.
STUDIES IN NOCTURNAL MIGRAINE

THE EXISTENCE of a temporal relationship between sleep and the migraine syndrome has long been reported in the literature. One of the best descriptions is by Bing1 who stated, "Sometimes it (migraine) descends upon the patient like a bolt from the blue, when the latter goes to bed with a free head and in a general state of well-being in the evening, and wakes up in the morning with a bad headache. "
Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development—2001

This article is a summary of the literature published in 2001 related to career counseling and career development. The review is designed to provide information to both career practitioners and researchers, with the focus on integration of practice and research. This summary of literature is organized around 5 primary areas: (a) career development, (b) career and vocational theories, (c) career interventions, (d) career assessment, and (e) professional issues. Within the framework of this review, attention is also given to contextual factors including gender, race or ethnicity, sexual orientation, and nationality.
REM sleep behaviour disorder: an update on a series of 96 patients and a review of the world literature

SUMMARY REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is an injurious clinical disorder of attempted dream‐enactment (‘oneirism’) in humans which has a corresponding experimental animal model involving dorsolateral pontine tegmental lesions in cats. To date, our sleep disorders centre has collected data on 96 chronic RBD cases which can be compared with pooled data on 70 chronic RBD cases from other centres contained in 26 reports published in the world literature since 1985, when our initial cases were first reported. The data from our centre and from other centres demonstrate a male predominance in RBD (87.5% vs 63.5%); indicate a similar mean age of RBD onset (52.4 y vs 55.9y); contain substantial numbers of diverse central nervous system disorders causally associated with RBD (47.9%vs 60.0%); and identify clonazepam treatment as being very effective in controlling both the (violent) dream and sleep behavioural disturbances of RBD. Our centre's data additionally reveal an 80% prevalence of elevated stage 3/4 (slow‐wave) sleep% for age in RBD, and reveal a frequent presence of periodic and aperiodic limb movements during NREM sleep. Thus, RBD in humans is a complex syndrome in which there is generalized REM and NREM sleep motor dyscontrol, as was originally observed in the animal RBD model by Jouvet and Delorme in 1965.
What matters in semantic feature processing for persons with stroke-aphasia: Evidence from an auditory concept–feature verification task

Background: The relationship between object concept domains (living vs. nonliving) and their underlying feature structures is a frequent area of investigation regarding semantic processing in healthy individuals and some individuals with neuropsychological impairment resulting from herpes simplex encephalitis, semantic dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, this relationship has been less well investigated in persons with stroke-aphasia (PWA), even though many treatments for anomia following stroke are predicated on the use of semantic feature cues. Aims: As part of a larger investigation into the influence of semantic feature processing on naming for PWA, this study examined the ability of PWA to confirm the relations between object concepts and associated semantic features. Methods & Procedures: Fifteen native English-speaking, right-handed individuals with post-stroke-aphasia responded yes or no via button press to feature verification questions designed to probe the relationships between concept domain and feature type and distinctiveness. Outcomes & Results: PWA were more accurate and quicker to confirm concept–feature relationships when features contained function/action, rather than visual–perceptual information about concepts and when features were distinctive to concepts rather than shared. The truthfulness (i.e., veracity) of concept–feature pairings was demonstrated to differentially affect living versus nonliving concepts. Within domain, only nonliving concepts were verified more accurately and more quickly when pairings were true (rather than false). Between domains, true nonliving concept–feature pairings were more accurately and more quickly verified than true living concept–feature pairings. Also with respect to veracity, correlations were observed between aphasia severity and accuracy and speed of response to false concept–feature pairings. Conclusions: Findings have implications for the way in which semantic processing is probed with PWA, as well as providing preliminary information regarding responsivity of PWA to differing types of semantic information for living versus nonliving concepts. The fact that PWA demonstrated disproportionate difficulty responding to certain types of semantic information also suggests preliminary implications for the utility of different types of semantic cues in semantically based treatments for word retrieval impairment.
Amygdalar interaction with the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in stimulus-reward associative learning in the monkey

Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were assessed for their ability to associate visual stimuli with food reward. They learned a series of new 2-choice visual discriminations between colored patterns displayed on a monitor screen. The feedback for correct choice was the delivery of food. In order to promote associative learning between the visual stimuli and the incentive value of the food reward, reward delivery was not accompanied by any distinctive visual feedback on the display screen. The rate of learning new problems was assessed before and after surgery in a total of 16 monkeys. Three groups of 3 monkeys received bilaterally symmetrical ablations in either the amygdala, the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, or the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. All these groups showed a severe postoperative learning impairment. Seven other animals were given a unilateral ablation in 1 of those 3 structures and a second unilateral ablation, in each case contralateral to and different from the first, in order to produce 2 groups in which a putative amygdalo-thalamo-prefrontal pathway had been disconnected by crossed unilateral lesions. One disconnection group had lesions in the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; the other had lesions in the amygdala and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. The disconnection groups showed a significant impairment, but the effect of the disconnection surgeries was significantly milder than the effect of any of the 3 bilaterally symmetrical lesions. Therefore, symmetrical bilateral lesions in either the amygdala, the mediodorsal nucleus, or the ventromedial prefrontal cortex produce similar impairments in the present task, implying that these structures are functionally related to each other; but the relatively mild effect of disconnecting these structures from each other argues against the hypothesis that they are serial stages in a single, tightly linked functional pathway.
Strategic Decision-Making: Process Perspectives

This paper reviews the strategic decision-making process literature with respect to the synoptic formalism/political incrementalism debate. Procedural rationality is chosen as a representative of the synoptic formalism perspective; and both intuitive synthesis and political behaviour are employed as representatives of the political-incrementalism perspective. In this paper, the author discusses the theoretical underpinnings of these three process dimensions, as well as the key research efforts gathered together under each perspective. In conducting this review, a number of areas have been identified which could profitably be examined further, and a number of implications for managers will be highlighted and discussed.
Contextualizing Performances: Comparing Performances During TOEFL iBTTM and Real-Life Academic Speaking Activities

In this study we compare test takers’ performance on the Speaking section of the TOEFL iBTTM and their performances during their real-life academic studies. Thirty international graduate students from mixed language backgrounds in two different disciplines (Sciences and Social Sciences) responded to two independent and four integrated speaking tasks of the TOEFL iBT and participated in semistructured interviews. For the real-life academic contexts, we recorded the performances of our participants in one in-class and one out-of-class speaking activity. On the basis of an analysis of the participants’ speaking (examining grammatical, discourse, and lexical features), we demonstrate that there are some overlapping and some distinct differences in their performances across contexts. Our findings both support and raise questions about the extrapolation inference claim of the validity argument of the Speaking section of the TOEFL iBT.
The invisible generation: Portrayals of the elderly on prime‐time television

Characters 65 years of age and older continue to be an invisible generation on television. In a random sample of 100 prime time shows, only 2.8% (n = 34) of the 1,228 adult speaking characters were judged to be over 65. Only 8.8% of the 65+ characters were cast in major roles, suggesting that the role prominence of characters 65 and older has actually decreased since the 1970's. While the number of male characters 65 and older has decreased since 1975, the number of female characters between 50 and 64 years of age has increased slightly during that time. There is not strong evidence that television is graying with America, but there is reason to believe that characters between 50 and 64 are portrayed differently than characters 65 or older.
Job satisfaction survey among health centers staff

Background: Due to the importance of health care organizations with significant responsibility for prevention and care, assessment of job satisfaction among health care staff is essential. Quality of health services will be decreased provided they are not satisfied. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of health care staff in Khomeinishahr (centers, buildings, and networks) If they had at least 6 months work experience, they could enter the study. Data included a two-part questionnaire with a standardized questionnaire, demographic variables, and Smith job descriptive index, which is a questionnaire with six domains. Reliability was obtained for each domain and its validity was reported 0.93. Findings: The results showed an overall satisfaction score averages 43.55 ± 12.8 (from 100). Job satisfaction score was not significantly different between the sexes. However, within the current attitude toward job satisfaction, men scores was better than women (P = 0.001). Highest score in job satisfaction was related to relationships with colleagues and lowest score was related to the income, benefits, and job promotion. The more the years of work, the less the job satisfaction was. The attitude toward the current job had a direct relationship with income (P = 0.01). There was a significant inverse relationship between educational level and job satisfaction in domains promotion, income, and benefits (P = 0.01). The staff with higher education levels was less satisfied with income and job promotion qualification. Conclusion: Managers should focus on job qualification to increase job satisfaction and improve the quality of work.
Further Understanding Accountability in Public Organizations

Accountability research in public organizations has made significant progress, but it remains unclear exactly how public managers deal with conflicting accountability pressures and how accountability systems can make a positive difference. This article reviews the accountability literature and submits that developing more actionable knowledge requires more attention to the interactive relationship between human agency and accountability structure and to the causal mechanisms linking accountability, behavior, and outcome in a long period of time. Giddens’ structuration theory is used to illustrate a more interactive and dynamic understanding of accountability. Theoretical and methodological implications for future research are discussed accordingly.
Development of a High Throughput Platform for Screening Glycoside Hydrolases Based on Oxime-NIMS

Cost-effective hydrolysis of biomass into sugars for biofuel production requires high-performance low-cost glycoside hydrolase (GH) cocktails that are active under demanding process conditions. Improving the performance of GH cocktails depends on knowledge of many critical parameters, including individual enzyme stabilities, optimal reaction conditions, kinetics, and specificity of reaction. With this information, rate- and/or yield-limiting reactions can be potentially improved through substitution, synergistic complementation, or protein engineering. Given the wide range of substrates and methods used for GH characterization, it is difficult to compare results across a myriad of approaches to identify high performance and synergistic combinations of enzymes. Here, we describe a platform for systematic screening of GH activities using automatic biomass handling, bioconjugate chemistry, robotic liquid handling, and nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS). Twelve well-characterized substrates spanning the types of glycosidic linkages found in plant cell walls are included in the experimental workflow. To test the application of this platform and substrate panel, we studied the reactivity of three engineered cellulases and their synergy of combination across a range of reaction conditions and enzyme concentrations. We anticipate that large-scale screening using the standardized platform and substrates will generate critical datasets to enable direct comparison of enzyme activities for cocktail design.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIALIZATION TACTICS ON CAREER SUCCESS AND SATISFACTION: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

94 Australian business graduates completed measures of perceived socialization, tactics during their initial few months in their first job after graduation. Three years later in the same firms, they completed a measure of career satisfaction, and indicated how much their salary had grown and how many promotions they had received over this period. Perceived individualized tactics were significantly positively related to career satisfaction, whilst perceived institutionalized tactics were significantly negatively related. However, neither of these tactics were related to either salary growth or promotions received. Implications of these findings for the socialization of managers are discussed.
Multidimensional project-based second language teaching : Observations of four grade 9 core French teachers

This article reports the results of detailed observations conducted in four Grade 9 core French classes during one school semester in one school district in Eastern Canada. These observations were part of a fieldbased process-product study conducted to examine reform in core French teaching. Results from classroom observations suggest that the four teacher participants were implementing multidimensional project-based (MPB) teaching in different ways in their core French classes. Two of the teachers organized their teaching around a final project that created an authentic context for the student activities. The other two teachers did not choose to teach towards a project, but did many of the prescribed activities. The teachers' uses of French and English and the amount of student input in activity choice are also discussed.
Radio Access Congestion in Multiaccess/Multiservice Wireless Networks

This work addresses the problem of radio access congestion control and resource allocation in scenarios where multiple available radio access technologies (RATs) support a wide range of services over a given coverage area. A key issue in these networks is selecting the most appropriate RAT at a call/session establishment according to some specified user/operator criteria. In this sense, a wide range of high-level policies can be defined, providing the most favorable resource allocation. Regardless of having efficient RAT selection policies, which may ensure some initial quality of service (QoS) requirements, intrinsic network dynamics (e.g., mobility, user activity, and interference rise) can cause potential QoS failures, leading to a degraded network performance and, hence, radio access congestion. This work is devoted to the study of the impact of radio access congestion on a number of RAT-selection policies. Consequently, a congestion probability (CP) model is developed to capture the statistical behavior of radio access congestion events. In addition, a general Markovian framework is adopted to evaluate the allocation of multiple services into multiple RATs by means of high-level policy definitions. Specific RAT-selection policies are defined according to several criteria, and their performances are evaluated in a time-division multiple-access (TDMA)/wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) multi-RAT scenario supporting voice and data services. Moreover, the use of CP information as a possible allocation principle for RAT selection is also evaluated, which, in the assumed scenario, results in the most favorable allocation policy.
Depression Impacts the Course of Recovery in Patients with Acute Low-Back Pain

Little is known about the course of recovery of acute low back pain (LBP) patients as a function of depression. In a prospective study, 286 acute LBP patients were assessed at baseline and followed up over 6 months. Recovery was defined as improvement in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Repeated-measures analysis of covariance was employed with ODI as repeated factor, age, sex, and body mass index as covariates, depression and all other potential prognostic factors as between-subject factors. Of study participants, 18% were classified as depressive (>33 points on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale). Of 286 participants, 135 were lost to follow-up. In the longitudinal sample of 151 patients the course of recovery was slower in depressive patients. Depression was associated with LBP especially after 6 weeks and should therefore be included in screening instruments for acute LBP patients to identify those at risk of delayed recovery at an early stage.
Implementation of a Single Comprehensive Function-Based Intervention Across Multiple Classrooms for a High School Student

A comprehensive function-based intervention was developed to address the chronic, high levels of off-task behavior by a 15-year-old ninth grade Caucasian male with learning disabilities and ADHD. A descriptive FBA identified that the student’s off-task behavior was reinforced by peer attention and task avoidance. Intervention involved the collaborative development of a single, comprehensive intervention that was implemented sequentially across three classes. When implemented, the intervention produced consistently high levels of on-task behavior in each class. Social validity data supported the acceptability of the comprehensive intervention. High levels of treatment integrity showed staff could collaborate and implement a comprehensive intervention. Implications and directions for further research are included.