Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A hydrostable and twofold interpenetrating three-dimensional zinc-organic framework with rob topology based on 4,4'-oxydibenzoate and 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine ligands.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous materials that have received widespread attention due to their potential applications in gas storage and/or separation, catalysis, luminescence, and so on. The title compound, poly[[(μ2-3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2)N:N')bis(μ4-4,4'-oxydibenzoato-κ(4)O:O':O'':O''')dizinc] tetrahydrate], {[Zn2(C14H8O5)2(C12H12N2)]·4H2O}n, has been prepared by the solvothermal assembly of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, 4,4'-oxydi(benzoic acid) and 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine. The two Zn(II) atoms adopt the same five-coordinated distorted square-pyramidal geometry (i.e. ZnO4N), bonding to four O atoms from four different 4,4'-oxydibenzoate (oba) ligands and one N atom from a 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine (dmbpy) ligand. The supramolecular secondary building unit (SBU) is a paddle-wheel [Zn2(COO)4] unit and these units are linked by oba ligands within the layer to form a two-dimensional net parallel to the b axis, with the dmbpy ligands pointing alternately up and down, which is further extended by dmbpy ligands to form a three-dimensional framework with rob topology. The single net leaves voids that are filled by mutual interpenetration of an independent equivalent framework in a twofold interpenetrating architecture. The title compound shows thermal stability up to 673 K and is stable in aqueous solutions in the pH range 5-9. Excitation and luminescence data observed at room temperature show that it emits a bright-blue fluorescence.
Sample Size Estimation in Clinical Trial

Every clinical trial should be planned. This plan should include the objective of trial, primary and secondary end-point, method of collecting data, sample to be included, sample size with scientific justification, method of handling data, statistical methods and assumptions. This plan is termed as clinical trial protocol. One of the key aspects of this protocol is sample size estimation. The aim of this article is to discuss how important sample size estimation is for a clinical trial, and also to understand the effects of sample size over- estimation or under-estimation on outcome of a trial. Also an attempt is made to understand importance of minimum sample to detect a clinically important difference. This article is also an attempt to provide inputs on different parameters that impact sample size and basic rules for these parameters with the help of some simple examples.
Higher algebraic K-theory of group actions with finite stabilizers

We prove a decomposition theorem for the equivariantK-theory of actions of ane group schemes G of nite type over a eld on regular separated noetherian algebraic spaces, under the hypothesis that the actions have nite geometric stabilizers and satisfy a rationality condition together with a technical condition which holds e.g. for G abelian or smooth. We reduce the problem to the case of a GLn-action and nally to a split torus action.
Validation of whole room indirect calorimeters: refinement of current methodologies

Whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC) validation techniques consist of propane combustion (PC) or infusion of mixed carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) by a precision blender (PB). To determine the best method, PC of 6, 10, 22‐h and PB infusions of 6, 10, and 14‐h, were conducted. The 14‐h infusion consisted of two metabolic settings. Energy expenditure (EE; kJ), ventilation (V; liters/min) of oxygen (VO2), VCO2, and respiratory quotient (VCO2/VO2) obtained from the WRIC were extrapolated to the respective test durations and compared to similarly calculated values. Moreover, accurate equations (AE) were derived to correct infusions for additional N2. As a final evaluation of a PC validated WRIC, weight maintenance (WM), energy balance (EB), respiratory quotient (RQ), and food quotients (FQ) were determined in 22 subjects who had repeat 24‐h EE measurements. Statistical analyses (P < 0.05) were conducted (SPSS, version 23). Significant differences in RQ existed between PC and stoichiometry after 6‐h. Errors for the rest of the PC tests ranged from −1.5 ± 2.4 (VCO2) to 2.8 ± 4.6% (EE). When compared with the WRIC, all uncorrected metabolic parameters for six and 10‐h PB infusions were significantly different with errors from −12.8 ± 1.6 (VO2) to 6.0 ± 2.8% (RQ). The AE reduced the magnitude of errors to −12.4 ± 1.5 (RQ) to 2.2 ± 3.0% (RQ). The PB infusion with two settings showed similar performance. No differences in WM, EB, RQ, or FQ existed in the subjects. In conclusion, 10‐h PC tests are sufficient for validating WRICs.
Technique and Results of Linear Ablation at the Mitral Isthmus

Background—This prospective clinical study evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of combined linear mitral isthmus ablation and pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results—One hundred consecutive patients (13 women; age 55±10 years) with drug-refractory, symptomatic paroxysmal AF underwent PV isolation and linear ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus and the mitral isthmus (lateral mitral annulus to the left inferior PV). They were compared with 100 consecutive patients (14 women; age, 52±10 years) undergoing PV isolation and cavotricuspid ablation without mitral isthmus ablation. Bidirectional mitral isthmus block was confirmed by demonstrating (1) a parallel corridor of double potentials during coronary sinus (CS) pacing, (2) an activation detour by pacing either side of the line, and (3) differential pacing techniques. Isolation of all PVs and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation were performed successfully in all. Mitral isthmus block was achieved in 92 patients after 20±10 minutes of endocardial radiofrequency application and an additional 5±4 minutes of epicardial radiofrequency application from within the CS in 68, resulting in a conduction delay of 151±26 ms during CS pacing. Thirty-two patients with mitral isthmus ablation compared with 49 without had recurrent atrial arrhythmia (P=0.02) requiring further ablation. At 1 year after the last procedure, 87 patients with mitral isthmus ablation and 69 without (P=0.002) were arrhythmia free without antiarrhythmic drugs, mitral isthmus ablation being the only factor associated with long-term success (RR for AF recurrence, 0.2; CI, 0.1 to 0.4; P<0.001). Conclusions—Catheter ablation of the mitral isthmus results consistently in demonstrable conduction block and is associated with a high cure rate for paroxysmal AF.
Modeling the Role of pH on Baltic Sea Cyanobacteria

We simulate pH-dependent growth of cyanobacteria with an ecosystem model for the central Baltic Sea. Four model components—a life cycle model of cyanobacteria, a biogeochemical model, a carbonate chemistry model and a water column model—are coupled via the framework for aquatic biogeochemical models. The coupled model is forced by the output of a regional climate model, based on the A1B emission scenario. With this coupled model, we perform simulations for the period 1968–2098. Our simulation experiments suggest that in the future, cyanobacteria growth is hardly affected by the projected pH decrease. However, in the simulation phase prior to 1980, cyanobacteria growth and N2-fixation are limited by the relatively high pH. The observed absence of cyanobacteria before the 1960s may thus be explained not only by lower eutrophication levels, but also by a higher alkalinity.
Widespread occurrence of 5-methylcytosine in human coding and non-coding RNA

The modified base 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is well studied in DNA, but investigations of its prevalence in cellular RNA have been largely confined to tRNA and rRNA. In animals, the two m5C methyltransferases NSUN2 and TRDMT1 are known to modify specific tRNAs and have roles in the control of cell growth and differentiation. To map modified cytosine sites across a human transcriptome, we coupled bisulfite conversion of cellular RNA with next-generation sequencing. We confirmed 21 of the 28 previously known m5C sites in human tRNAs and identified 234 novel tRNA candidate sites, mostly in anticipated structural positions. Surprisingly, we discovered 10 275 sites in mRNAs and other non-coding RNAs. We observed that distribution of modified cytosines between RNA types was not random; within mRNAs they were enriched in the untranslated regions and near Argonaute binding regions. We also identified five new sites modified by NSUN2, broadening its known substrate range to another tRNA, the RPPH1 subunit of RNase P and two mRNAs. Our data demonstrates the widespread presence of modified cytosines throughout coding and non-coding sequences in a transcriptome, suggesting a broader role of this modification in the post-transcriptional control of cellular RNA function.
Phosphorylation of Shc proteins in human sperm in response to capacitation and progesterone treatment

Several authors have demonstrated the involvement of tyrosine kinases during sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. Shc proteins (p46Shc, p52Shc, and p66Shc) are cytoplasmic substrates of activated tyrosine kinases and are widely expressed in mammalian somatic tissues. Experiments were designed to demonstrate the presence of Shc in spermatozoa and to study its involvement in the signal transduction events leading to acrosome reaction. Anti‐Shc antibodies strongly reacted with the acrosomal region of methanol‐fixed human sperm. Only one Shc isoform (p52Shc) was detected on Western blot. To study the degree of phosphorylation of Shc during capacitation and acrosome reaction, sperm samples were divided into two groups: noncapacitated and capacitated/progesterone treated. Lysates from both groups were immunoprecipitated with anti‐phosphotyrosine antibodies and the precipitated (ie, phosphorylated) proteins were tested with anti‐Shc antibodies. The intensity of p52Shc was clearly increased in capacitated/progesterone‐stimulated cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 50:113–120, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical symptoms and quality of life in patients on chronic dialysis: results of The Netherlands Cooperative Study on Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD)

BACKGROUND So far, little attention has been paid to the value of dialysis adequacy for patients' quality of life (QL). Therefore we studied the impact of demographic, clinical, and dialysis characteristics on physical symptoms and perceived QL. METHODS The study population consisted of 120 incident chronic haemodialysis (HD) and 106 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, starting dialysis treatment in 13 Dutch centres. Data were collected 3 months after the start of dialysis. Nine physical symptoms were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. Patient's self-assessment of QL was measured with the 36-item MOS Short Form (SF-36). RESULTS The most common symptoms in HD and PD were fatigue (respectively 82 and 87%) and itching (73 and 68%). In HD only a medium to high comorbidity--age risk index was associated with greater symptom burden. In PD also a lower percentage lean body mass, a lower rGFR, and past episodes of underhydration were associated with greater symptom burden. The explained variance by these variables was only 12% in HD and 21% in PD. However, greater symptom burden explained a substantial additional amount of impaired physical and mental QL on top of demographics and clinical status. Dialysis variables were associated neither with symptoms nor with QL. CONCLUSION Symptom burden can be explained to a limited extent by demographic and clinical variables and not by dialysis characteristics. Addition of symptom burden to the other variables makes it possible to explain one-third of perceived QL. This underlines the importance of symptom reduction in order to improve patient's QL.
Purified and porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) thin films for pyroelectric infrared sensing and energy harvesting

This paper aims at improving the performance of the poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer for pyroelectric infrared detection and direct thermal to electrical energy conversion. Three different types of samples were prepared and examined: commercial, purified and porous films. Here, full characterization of the thermophysical and electrical properties relevant to pyroelectric infrared detection and energy conversion of both purified and porous P(VDF-TrFE) thin films is presented. Properties measured include (1) density, (2) ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition temperature, (3) enthalpy of change of phase, (4) electrical resistivity and (5) ferroelectric hysteresis, as well as (6) specific heat, (7) dielectric constant, (8) loss tangent and (9) pyroelectric coefficient as a function of temperature. The figures of merit for infrared detection FV, FI and FD were improved by 47.0, 59.6 and 51.6%, respectively, for the purified films while the porous films with a porosity of 33% showed an improvement of 52.8, 66.3 and 62.6%, respectively, when compared to those of dense commercial P(VDF-TrFE) films. In addition, figures of merit for energy harvesting, FE and k2, indicate that the purified and porous films are attractive for thermal to electrical energy conversion as well.
Human spatial navigation deficits after traumatic brain injury shown in the arena maze, a virtual Morris water maze

Objective: Survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have spatial navigation deficits. This study examined such deficits and conducted a detailed analysis of navigational behaviour in a virtual environment. Design: TBI survivors were tested in a computer simulation of the Morris water maze task that required them to find and remember the location of an invisible platform that was always in the same location. A follow-up questionnaire assessed everyday spatial ability. Method: Fourteen survivors of moderate-to-severe TBI were compared to 12 non-injured participants. Results: TBI survivors navigated to a visible platform but could not learn the location of the invisible platform. The difference between TBI survivors and uninjured participants was best indicated by two new dependent variables, path efficacy and spatial scores. Conclusion: This study confirms the capacity of virtual environments to reveal spatial navigation deficits after TBI and establishes the best way to identify such deficits.
Temporal trends of brominated and fluorinated contaminants in Canadian Arctic beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)1

Limited information exists regarding contemporary and historical emissions for many anthropogenic chemicals, especially for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). This study examined temporal trends of several perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in three beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) populations from the Canadian Arctic [Hendrickson Island (HI), NT; Pangnirtung (PG), NU; and Sanikiluaq (SQ), NU] collected from 1982 to 2013. The confounding factors of animal size, age, and sex were included in the analyses, but were only significant for some CECs. The strongest temporal resolution was obtained from HI, which showed increasing trends in PBDEs (4.8%/year) and HBCDs (2.9%/year), and decreases in perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids (PFCAs, −6.0%/year). Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were relatively stable between 1984 and 2010, increasing substantially in 2011; trends in perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) concentr.
Physical strength, fighting ability, and aggressiveness in adolescents

Recent research suggests that evolutionary selection pressures have shaped mental mechanisms to be able to assess one's own and other's physical strength, fighting ability, and aggressiveness. According to the recalibrational theory, anger may be linked to fighting ability and serve as a bargaining mechanism to improve welfare obtained in social conflict. We hypothesized that late adolescent men (but not mid‐adolescent men or women) use this mechanism, as it would be particularly adaptive for them to avoid potential costs from direct conflict in male competition.
Reduced Risk for Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Associated with Ovo-Lacto-Vegetarian Behavior in Female Buddhists: A Case-Control Study

Introduction The association of vegetarian status with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not clear. In Asia, Buddhists often have vegetarian behavior for religious rather than for health reasons. We hypothesize that the vegetarian in Buddhism is associated with better metabolic profiles, lower risk for the MetS and insulin resistance (IR). Methods We enrolled 391 female vegetarians (∼80% lacto-ovo-vegetarians) and 315 non-vegetarians from health-checkup clinics at a Buddhist hospital in Taiwan. Results The vegetarian status was associated with lower body mass index, smaller waist circumference, lower total cholesterol, lower low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and lower HDL-C in multivariate linear regression analyses. Despite having lower HDL-C level, the vegetarians had significantly lower total cholesterol/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios. After adjusting the other covariates, the risks for the MetS were lower for ovo-lacto-vegetarians of 1–11 years and >11 years respectively by 54% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95%C.I.:0.26–0.79) and 57% (OR = 0.43, 95%C.I.:0.23–0.76) compared to non-vegetarians by the IDF criteria. Likewise, they were lower respectively by 45% (OR = 0.55, 95%C.I.:0.32–0.92) and 42% (OR = 0.58, 95%C.I.:0.33–0.997), for the MetS by the modified NCEP criteria. In the subgroup of non-diabetic subjects, the vegetarians also had lower risk for IR by HOMA compared to the non-vegetarians (OR = 0.71, 95%C.I.:0.48–1.06). Conclusion The vegetarian behavior, mainly lacto-ovo-vegetarian, related to Buddhism, although not meant for its health effects, is associated with reduced risk for the MetS and IR and may potentially provide metabolic and cardiovascular protective effects in women.
CHIME monazite dating: Pb analysis on an RR = 100 mm spectrometer and correction of interferences between Th, U, and Pb with natural monazite

This paper outlines an advanced procedure involving the chemical Th–U–total Pb isochron method (CHIME) dating of monazite using a field–emission electron probe microanalyzer (FE–EPMA) equipped with spectrometers of 100 mm Rowland circle (RR) radius. The higher count rate of RR = 100 mm wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS) compared to RR = 140 mm WDS enables measurements to be taken in a shorter time. CHIME dating using RR = 100 mmWDS had previously been difficult because of lower resolution compared to that of RR = 140 mm WDS. This problem has been overcome by a new interference correction method using natural monazites.
A Framework for Iterative Hash Functions - HAIFA

Since the seminal works of Merkle and Damgard on the iter- ation of compression functions, hash functions were built from compres- sion functions using the Merkle-Damgard construction. Recently, several flaws in this construction were identified, allowing for second pre-image attacks and chosen target pre-image attacks on such hash functions even when the underlying compression functions are secure. In this paper we propose the HAsh Iterative FrAmework (HAIFA). Our framework can fix many of the flaws while supporting several additional properties such as defining families of hash functions and supporting variable hash size. HAIFA allows for an online computation of the hash function in one pass with a fixed amount of memory independently of the size of the message. Besides our proposal, the recent attacks initiated research on the way compression functions are to be iterated. We show that most recent pro- posals such as randomized hashing, the enveloped Merkle-Damgard, and the RMC and ROX modes can be all be instantiated as part of the HAsh Iterative FrAmework (HAIFA).
Energy-Efﬁcient Resource Allocation for Wireless Powered Communication Networks

This paper considers a wireless powered communication network (WPCN), where multiple users harvest energy from a dedicated power station and then communicate with an information receiving station. Our goal is to investigate the maximum achievable energy efﬁciency (EE) of the network via joint time allocation and power control while taking into account the initial battery energy of each user. We ﬁrst study the EE maximization problem in the WPCN without any system throughput requirement. We show that the EE maximization problem for the WPCN can be cast into EE maximization problems for two simpliﬁed networks via exploiting its special structure. For each problem, we derive the optimal solution and provide the corresponding physical interpretation, despite the non-convexity of the problems. Subsequently, we study the EE maximization problem under a minimum system throughput constraint. Exploiting fractional programming theory, we transform the resulting non-convex problem into a standard convex optimization problem. This allows us to characterize the optimal solution structure of joint time allocation and power control and to derive an efﬁcient iterative algorithm for obtaining the optimal solution. Simulation results verify our theoretical ﬁndings and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed joint time and power optimization.
Cutting the Error by Half: Investigation of Very Deep CNN and Advanced Training Strategies for Document Image Classification

We present an exhaustive investigation of recent Deep Learning architectures, algorithms, and strategies for the task of document image classification to finally reduce the error by more than half. Existing approaches, such as the DeepDoc-Classifier, apply standard Convolutional Network architectures with transfer learning from the object recognition domain. The contribution of the paper is threefold: First, it investigates recently introduced very deep neural network architectures (GoogLeNet, VGG, ResNet) using transfer learning (from real images). Second, it proposes transfer learning from a huge set of document images, i.e. 400; 000 documents. Third, it analyzes the impact of the amount of training data (document images) and other parameters to the classification abilities. We use two datasets, the Tobacco-3482 and the large-scale RVL-CDIP dataset. We achieve an accuracy of 91:13% for the Tobacco-3482 dataset while earlier approaches reach only 77:6%. Thus, a relative error reduction of more than 60% is achieved. For the large dataset RVL-CDIP, an accuracy of 90:97% is achieved, corresponding to a relative error reduction of 11:5%.
Iron absorption and metabolism

Purpose of review Intestinal iron absorption is an essential physiological process that is regulated by the liver-derived peptide hepcidin. This review will describe recent advances in hepcidin biology and enterocyte iron transport. Recent findings Hepcidin acts as a repressor of iron absorption and its expression in turn reflects a range of systemic cues, including iron status, hypoxia, erythropoiesis and inflammation. These act through proteins on the hepatocyte plasma membrane such as HFE, hemojuvelin and transferrin receptor 2 to alter transcription of the hepcidin gene. Bone morphogenetic protein-SMAD signaling provides a key pathway of hepcidin activation, whereas the membrane-bound serine protease matriptase-2 and the erythroid factor growth differentiation factor 15 have emerged as important negative regulators of hepcidin expression. At the enterocyte itself, the recent demonstration of a chaperone for delivering iron to ferritin and new data on iron release from the hepcidin target ferroportin are helping to define the pathway of iron movement across the intestinal epithelium. Summary Disturbances in the hepcidin regulatory pathway underlie a range of iron metabolism disorders, from iron deficiency to iron loading, and there is considerable promise that the exciting recent advances in understanding hepcidin action will be translated into improved diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in the near future.