Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-Precipitation of Beta-Carotene and Bio-Polymer Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Antisolvent

The objective of this work was to investigate the application of supercritical carbon dioxide as antisolvent for the co-precipitation of ￻ -carotene and poly(hydroxybutirate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with dichloromethane as or- ganic solvent. For this purpose, the concentrations of ￻ -carotene (1 to 8 mg.cm -3 ) and PHBV (20 to 40 mg.cm -3 ) in the or- ganic solution were varied keeping fixed temperature at 313 K, pressure at 8 MPa, solution flow rate at 1 cm 3 . min -1 and antisolvent flow rate at 39 g.min -1 . The morphology of co-precipitated particles were spherical with very irregular and po- rous surface for some conditions and very smooth surfaces for others as verified by micrographs of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Results show that it is possible to achieve encapsulation efficiency values as high as 35 % just ma- nipulating the concentration ratio of solute to polymer in organic solution. The methodology adopted for the quantification of ￻ -carotene encapsulated was demonstrated to be adequate.
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS DAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MELALUI PROBLEM BASED-LEARNING

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan pemecahan masalah melalui Problem Based Learning (PBL). Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat yang mengambil mata kuliah Statistika Elementer tahun akademik 2008/2009. Jenis penelitan adalah eksperimen semu dengan pretest-postest control group design . Kelompok eksperimen diberi perlakuan berupa pembelajaran dengan model Problem Based Learning dan kelompok kontrol dengan pembelajaran biasa. Data dikumpulkan melalui worksheet , rubrik presentasi, assesmen investigasi dan tes hasil belajar Statistika Elementer. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa 1) kemampuan komunikasi matematis mahasiswa dengan menerapkan model PBL dalam pembelajaran Statistika Elementer tidak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran biasa, 2) kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa dengan menerapkan model PBL dalam pembelajaran Statistika Elementer lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran biasa. Kata kunci: komunikasi matematis , pemecahan masalah , problem based learning ______________________________________________________________ COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND PROBLEM SOLVING THROUGH MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING Abstract The purpose of this research is to know the mathematic communicative competence and problem solving competence through problem based learning (PBL). This research was done to students of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera who were studying Statistica Elementer subject in 2008/2009 academic year. This research was quasi experimental research. The design of this research was pretest-postest control group. PBL model was given to experimental group and conventional learning was done on control group. Data were collected through worksheet, presentation rubric, investigation assessment, and achievement test of Statistica Elementer subject. Data analysis shows that 1) students implementing PBLbetter do not show mathematic communicative competence than those implementing conven-tional learning. 2) students who used PBL model show better ability on problem solving than those using conventional learning. Keywords : communication of mathematic, problem solving, problem based learning
On Measuring Uncertainty of Benchmarked Predictors with Application to Disease Risk Estimate

Empirical Bayes (EB) estimates in general linear mixed models are useful for the small area estimation in the sense of increasing precision of estimation of small area means. However, one potential difficulty of EB is that the overall estimate for a larger geographical area based on a (weighted) sum of EB estimates is not necessarily identical to the corresponding direct estimate such as the overall sample mean. Another difficulty is that EB estimates yield over‐shrinking, which results in the sampling variance smaller than the posterior variance. One way to fix these problems is the benchmarking approach based on the constrained empirical Bayes (CEB) estimators, which satisfy the constraints that the aggregated mean and variance are identical to the requested values of mean and variance. In this paper, we treat the general mixed models, derive asymptotic approximations of the mean squared error (MSE) of CEB and provide second‐order unbiased estimators of MSE based on the parametric bootstrap method. These results are applied to natural exponential families with quadratic variance functions. As a specific example, the Poisson‐gamma model is dealt with, and it is illustrated that the CEB estimates and their MSE estimates work well through real mortality data.
In vitro and In vivo Radiation Sensitization of Human Tumor Cells by a Novel Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitor, AZD7762

Purpose: Inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 has been shown to enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging targeted chemotherapy through cell cycle checkpoint abrogation and impaired DNA damage repair. A novel checkpoint kinase 1/2 inhibitor, AZD7762, was evaluated for potential enhancement of radiosensitivity for human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo xenografts. Experimental Design: Survival of both p53 wild-type and mutant human cell lines was evaluated by clonogenic assay. Dose modification factors (DMF) were determined from survival curves (ratio of radiation doses for control versus drug treated at 10% survival). Flow cytometry, Western blot, and radiation-induced tumor regrowth delay assays were conducted. Results: AZD7762 treatment enhanced the radiosensitivity of p53-mutated tumor cell lines (DMFs ranging from 1.6-1.7) to a greater extent than for p53 wild-type tumor lines (DMFs ranging from 1.1-1.2). AZD7762 treatment alone exhibited little cytotoxicity to any of the cell lines and did not enhance the radiosensitivity of normal human fibroblasts (1522). AZD7762 treatment abrogated radiation-induced G2 delay, inhibited radiation damage repair (assessed by γ-H2AX), and suppressed radiation-induced cyclin B expression. HT29 xenografts exposed to five daily radiation fractions and to two daily AZD7762 doses exhibited significant radiation enhancement compared with radiation alone. Conclusions: AZD7762 effectively enhanced the radiosensitivity of mutated p53 tumor cell lines and HT29 xenografts and was without untoward toxicity when administered alone or in combination with radiation. The results of this study support combining AZD7762 with radiation in clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 16(7); 2076–84. ©2010 AACR.
Synchronized SVPWM Algorithm for the Overmodulation Region of a Low Switching Frequency Medium-Voltage Three-Level VSI

In high-power applications, the output voltage of a voltage source inverter (VSI) must be synchronized with its fundamental component in order to eliminate subharmonics. With proper selection of switching states, it is possible to obtain synchronization and symmetry in the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. This paper presents an improved three-level SVPWM algorithm for the overmodulation region, which guarantees synchronization, half-wave symmetry, quarter-wave symmetry, and three-phase symmetry for all integer values of the pulse number. The proposed synchronized SVPWM algorithm is experimentally verified. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with other conventional algorithms. The comparative results prove that the consideration of synchronization and various symmetry results in better performance of the VSI.
Positron emission tomography measurement of cerebral metabolic correlates of yohimbine administration in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND We have previously reported an increase in symptoms of anxiety in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following administration of the beta 2-antagonist yohimbine, which stimulates brain norepinephrine release. Preclinical studies show decreased metabolism in the neocortex and the caudate nucleus with high-dose yohimbine-induced norepinephrine release, but low levels of norepinephrine release result in an increase in metabolism in these areas. METHODS We used positron emission tomography and fludeoxyglucose F 18 to measure brain metabolism in Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD (n = 10) and healthy age-matched control subjects (n = 10), following administration of yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg) or placebo in a randomized, double-blind fashion. RESULTS Yohimbine resulted in a significant increase in anxiety in the patients with PTSD, but not in healthy subjects. There was a significant difference in brain metabolic response to yohimbine in patients with PTSD compared with healthy subjects in prefrontal, temporal, parietal, and orbitofrontal cortexes. Metabolism tended to decrease in patients with PTSD and increase in healthy subjects following administration of yohimbine. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with our previous hypothesis of enhanced norepinephrine release in the brain with yohimbine in patients with PTSD.
Bis(4-aminopyridinium) tetrachloridocobaltate(II)

In the title compound, (C5H7N2)2[CoCl4], the cobalt(II) ion is coordinated by four chloride ions in a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding, forming a three-dimensional network. The crystal was a non-merohedral twin emulating tetragonal symmetry, but being in fact orthorhombic.
The effects of training group exercise class instructors to adopt a motivationally adaptive communication style

Drawing from self‐determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2002), we developed and tested an intervention to train fitness instructors to adopt a motivationally adaptive communication style when interacting with exercisers. This was a parallel group, two‐arm quasi‐experimental design. Participants in the intervention arm were 29 indoor cycling instructors (n = 10 for the control arm) and 246 class members (n = 75 for the control arm). The intervention consisted of face‐to‐face workshops, education/information video clips, group discussions and activities, brainstorming, individual planning, and practical tasks in the cycling studio. Instructors and exercisers responded to validated questionnaires about instructors’ use of motivational strategies and other motivation‐related variables before the first workshop and at the end of the third and final workshop (4 months later). Time × arm interactions revealed no significant effects, possibly due to the large attrition of instructors and exercisers in the control arm. Within‐group analyses in the intervention arm showed that exercisers’ perceptions of instructor motivationally adaptive strategies, psychological need satisfaction, and intentions to remain in the class increased over time. Similarly, instructors in the intervention arm reported being less controlling and experiencing more need satisfaction over time. These results offer initial promising evidence for the positive impact of the training.
How to Measure Integrity Violations

Abstract To develop governance that is both effective and ethical, scholars study the causes and effects of unethical behavior as well as the policies and systems that thwart such behavior. However, there is much inconsistency and incoherence in the demarcation of different types of unethical behaviors. To enable conceptual clarity and improved measurement we present here a validated typology of unethical behaviors – that is, integrity violations. Differentiating between such types of violations not only reveals insightful variation in the frequency and acceptability of these violations but also shows how leadership styles and organizational culture have varying effects on these different unethical behaviors.
Brief Report: Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice Lacking the Membrane-Bound Complement Regulator CD59

Objective—Whereas studies in humans and animal models have suggested a role for complement activation in atherosclerosis, there has been little analysis of the importance of complement regulators. We tested the hypothesis that the terminal pathway inhibitor CD59 plays an essential role in limiting the proinflammatory effects of complement activation. Methods and Results—CD59 gene targeted mice (CD59a−/−) mice were crossed with low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice. CD59-deficient Ldlr−/− mice had significantly more extensive en face Sudan IV staining of thoracoabdominal aorta than Ldlr−/− single knock-outs, both after a low-fat diet (6.51±0.36% versus 2.63±0.56%, P<0.001) or a high-fat diet (17.05±2.15% versus 7.69±1.17%, P<0.004). Accelerated lesion formation in CD59a−/−/Ldlr−/− mice on a high-fat diet was associated with increased lesional vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) number and fibrous cap formation. Conclusion—Our data show that CD59 deficiency accelerates the development of lesions and increases plaque VSMC composition. Assuming that the main function of CD59 is to prevent the development of C5b-9 membrane attack complexes, our observations are consistent with the terminal complement pathway having proatherogenic potential in the Ldlr−/− mouse model, and highlight the importance of complement regulation.
Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study

In this important book, an eminent authority presents a new perspective on affirmative action, investigating its actual consequences in the United States and in other countries where it has been in effect. Evaluating his empirical data, Thomas Sowell concludes that race preference programs worldwide have not met expectations and have often produced the opposite of what was originally intended. "A delight: terse, well-argued, and utterly convincing. "--Economist "Among contemporary economists and social theorists, one of the most prolific, intellectually independent, and iconoclastic is Thomas Sowell.Enormously learned, wonderfully clear-headed, he sees reality as it is, and flinches at no truth.Sowell's presentation of the data is instructive and illuminating--and disturbing. "--Carl Cohen, Commentary "Another brilliant, bracing achievement by Thomas Sowell. With characteristic lucidity, erudition, and depth, Sowell examines the true effects of affirmative action around the globe. This book is compelling, important, mind-opening. " --Amy Chua, author of World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability "A masterpiece that deserves to be one of the most influential books of our time. Any honest reader will be informed and enlightened. "--Donald Kagan, Yale University "A gem of a book. A brilliant and learned analysis of the negative effects of racially preferential policies both in the United States and in several other countries around the world. "--Stephan Thernstrom, Harvard University
Multi‐dimensional quality of life among long‐term (5+ years) adult cancer survivors

Survival from cancer has improved over the past decade resulting in more long‐term survivors. The literature on multi‐dimensional quality of life (QOL) among long‐term (5+ years) adult survivors is reviewed for each of seven cancer sites (i.e. breast, ovarian, cervical, prostate, colorectal, head and neck, and Hodgkin's disease survivors). Overall, long‐term survivors experience good to excellent QOL. Physical domain QOL was the most frequently measured while spiritual domain QOL was the least frequently measured. QOL varies according to treatment received and by age for all groups with older persons (excepting head and neck and Hodgkin's disease survivors) reporting better QOL. QOL improves with time for breast cancer survivors and tends to decrease over time for prostate cancer survivors. Issues regarding sexual functioning affected the social domain—especially for breast and prostate cancer survivors. Social support improves psychological domain QOL for breast, cervical, and colorectal survivors. Review of findings may assist researchers and clinicians wishing to enhance the QOL of the long‐term survivor population by identifying the most pressing and widely experienced concerns and by providing directions for future research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inverse problem of option pricing

Valuation of options and other financial derivatives critically depends on the underlying stochastic process specified for a particular market. An inverse problem of option pricing is to determine the nature of this stochastic process, namely, the distribution of expected asset returns implied by current market prices of options with different strikes. We give a rigorous mathematical formulation of this inverse problem, establish uniqueness, and suggest an efficient numerical solution. We apply the method to the S&P 500 Index and conclude that the index is negatively skewed with a higher probability of the sudden decline of the US stock market.
Is it really a mediating construct?: The mediating role of organizational commitment in work climate‐performance relationship

This paper aims at exploring the mediating role of organizational commitment that continues to be one of the most controversial issues in HRM. Using a self‐administered questionnaire, 1,000 employees from 20 industrial companies were randomly selected and surveyed in order to examine this mediating role. The results revealed that organizational commitment and its two factors (normative and continuance commitment) play different roles in mediating the relationship between perceived work climate and performance, as rated by the employees themselves and their immediate supervisors. The implications of the results for both managers and researchers are also discussed in the paper.
Have We Identified Effective Teachers? Validating Measures of Effective Teaching Using Random Assignment. Research Paper. MET Project.

http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/quickreview.aspx? sid=221[2/25/2013 11:54:34 AM] What is the study about? This study tested whether a measure created by study authors could identify teachers who are effective at increasing student achievement. The authors used 2009– 10 school year data to create a single composite measure of teacher effectiveness; this composite measure included estimates of teacher value-added to student test scores, data from classroom observations of teachers, and responses to student surveys. Then, for the following school year (2010–11), the authors randomly assigned classrooms of students to teachers (to ensure that there were no measured or unmeasured differences in students assigned to each teacher) and then followed the students’ academic progress throughout the school year. The authors compared the students’ actual academic achievement with their predicted achievement to determine how well the teacher effectiveness measure identified teachers who were improving student performance beyond their expected gains.
Demystifying Visionary Leadership: In search of the essence of effective vision communication

textabstractVision communication has been heralded as the most defining aspect of outstanding leadership, yet what makes for effective vision communication has eluded leadership scholars so far. Indeed, while vision communication is the only leader behavior that is specified in all influential leadership theories, it remains unclear which elements of leader vision and how these elements are conducive to the mobilization of followers toward action. Accordingly, the goal of the current dissertation was to clarify part of the mystery surrounding these issues. In this dissertation I highlight two ways by which vision communication can provide followers with a viable basis for action and motivation. The first way involves the use of emotional displays by leaders during vision communication. Specifically, I show that leader emotional displays provide useful for leaders by impacting the motivational lens through which followers interpret and respond to the leader’s vision. The second way involves the assurance of collective continuity. Specifically, I show that leaders can effectively motivate followers to help realizing intended change by communicating a vision which assures them that – despite objective change – the most defining features of the collective will remain unchanged. This dissertation concludes by reflecting on these results from the view that regards leadership as the management of meaning.
The BRAF mutation is not associated with poor prognostic factors in Korean patients with conventional papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

BACKGROUND The BRAF(V600E) mutation, the most common genetic alteration reported in papillary thyroid carcinoma, has been associated with poor prognostic factors. AIM To determine whether the presence of the BRAF(V600E) mutation is associated with poor prognosis in Korean patients with conventional papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (micro-PTC). PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded thyroid tumour specimens taken from 60 patients with conventional micro-PTC, as well as from nine patients with follicular variant papillary carcinoma, six with nodular hyperplasia, four with follicular carcinoma (including one with Hürthle cell carcinoma), four with follicular adenoma (including two with Hürthle cell adenoma) and one each with medullary carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. The presence of the BRAF(V600E) mutation was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exon 15 followed by direct sequencing. RESULTS The BRAF(V600E) mutation was detected in tumour samples from 31 of 60 conventional micro-PTC patients (52%), but was not detected in patients with other types of thyroid tumours. The age distribution, tumour size, extrathyroid extension, multifocality and staging did not differ significantly between patients with and without the BRAF(V600E) mutation. CONCLUSION In Korean patients with conventional micro-PTC, the presence of the BRAF(V600E) mutation was not significantly associated with prognostic factors.
Preliminary data on changes in neural tube defect prevalence rates after folic acid fortification in South America

Several South American countries are fortifying wheat flour with folic acid. However, only Chile started in 2000 to add 2.2 mg/kg, providing 360 μg daily per capita, an acceptable dosage for preventing the occurrence of some neural tube defect (NTD) cases. ECLAMC (Spanish acronym for the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) routinely monitoring birth defects in South America since 1976, surveyed the impact of this fortification. Data from 361,374 births occurred in 43 South American hospitals, distributed in five different countries, active throughout the 1999–2001 triennium, were selected from the ECLAMC network. Birth prevalence rates for three different congenital anomalies with similar expected prevalence rates, were surveyed by the Cumulative Sum Method (CUSUM) method. They were NTD, oral clefts (OC), and Down syndrome (DS). Expected values were derived from observations made in 1999, and CUSUM was applied to the consecutive series of 24 months covering years 2000 and 2001. Only one of three congenital anomaly types, NTDs, in only one of five sampled out countries, Chile, showed a significant decrease, of 31%, during the 2000–2001 biennium, corresponding to the birth of the periconceptionally fortified infants. The level of significance (P < 0.001) was reached in the 20th month after fortification started, corresponding to August 2001. This is the first observation of a significant decrease in the occurrence of NTD after folic acid food fortification in a population little influenced by confounders common in the developed world as pre‐existing secular decreasing trends, and partially unregistered induced abortions. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.