Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of cytochrome P450 (1A2, 2B6, 2C9 and 3A4) induction in cryopreserved human hepatocytes cultured in 48-well plates using the cocktail strategy

1. A fast, straightforward and cost-effective assay was validated for the assessment of CYP induction in cryopreserved human hepatocytes cultured in 48-well plates. The cocktail strategy (in situ incubation) was used to assess the induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 by using the recommended probe substrate, i.e. phenacetin, bupropion, diclofenac and midazolam, respectively. 2. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were treated for 72 h with prototypical reference inducers, β-naphthoflavone (25 µM), phenobarbital (500 µM) and rifampicin (10 µM) as positive controls for CYP induction. The use of a cocktail strategy has been validated and compared to the classical approach (single incubation). The need of using phase II inhibitor (salicylamide) in CYP induction assay was also investigated. 3. By using three different batches of cryopreserved human hepatocytes and our conditions of incubations, we showed that there was no relevant drug–drug interaction using the cocktail strategy. The same conclusions were observed when a broad range of enzyme activity has to be assessed (wide range of reference inducers, i.e. EC50–Emax experiment). In addition, the interassay reproducibility assessment showed that the day-to-day variability was minimal. 4. In summary, the study showed that the conditions used (probe substrates, concentration of probe substrate and time of incubation) for the cocktail approach were appropriate for investigations of CYP induction potential of new chemical entities. In addition, it was also clear that the use of salicylamide in the incubation media was not mandatory and could generate drug–drug interactions. For this reason, we recommend to not use salicylamide in CYP induction assay.
Temporal Lobe Surgery for Epilepsy: Neuropsychological Variables Related to Surgical Outcome

ABSTRACT: A retrospective study of 383 patients who had undergone either left or right anterior temporal lobectomy (varying with respect to the amount of hippocampus excised) revealed that there were no significant differences in surgical outcome between those patients having a large and those patients having a small hippocampal removal. Although left temporal-lobe excisions were significantly smaller than right temporal-lobe excisions, both medially and laterally, patients with left temporal-lobe removals had an overall better surgical outcome. Patients in the successful surgicaloutcome group did better than the unsuccessful surgical-outcome group on a variety of cognitive measures, including tests of intelligence, delayed verbal memory, and verbal fluency. The results suggest that, for many patients with medically intractable epilepsy, an anterior temporal lobectomy including the amygdala may suffice to reduce their seizure frequency.
Candida species biofilm and Candida albicans ALS3 polymorphisms in clinical isolates

Over the last decades, there have been important changes in the epidemiology of Candida infections. In recent years, Candida species have emerged as important causes of invasive infections mainly among immunocompromised patients. This study analyzed Candida spp. isolates and compared the frequency and biofilm production of different species among the different sources of isolation: blood, urine, vulvovaginal secretions and peritoneal dialysis fluid. Biofilm production was quantified in 327 Candida isolates obtained from patients attended at a Brazilian tertiary public hospital (Botucatu, Sao Paulo). C. albicans ALS3 gene polymorphism was also evaluated by determining the number of repeated motifs in the central domain. Of the 198 total biofilm-positive isolates, 72 and 126 were considered as low and high biofilm producers, respectively. Biofilm production by C. albicans was significantly lower than that by non-albicans isolates and was most frequently observed in C. tropicalis. Biofilm production was more frequent among bloodstream isolates than other clinical sources, in urine, the isolates displayed a peculiar distribution by presenting two distinct peaks, one containing biofilm-negative isolates and the other containing isolates with intense biofilm production. The numbers of tandem-repeat copies per allele were not associated with biofilm production, suggesting the evolvement of other genetic determinants.
The Delinquent Peer Group: Social Identity and Self-categorization Perspectives

This thesis investigates the nature and the development of a delinquent social identity. Three issues are addressed. These concern the negative identity that results from social comparison processes in school, the role of the peer group in delinquency and the variable nature of the delinquent social identity. One argument of the thesis, which is based on the concepts of selfcategorization theory, is that the delinquent social identity develops out of a negative identity because of perceived differences between groups of adolescents in the school in terms of their commitment to academic studies and their attitude towards authority. The first study in this thesis demonstrates that compared to non delinquents, delinquents are more likely to perceive their social status in the school to be low as well as stable, and are more concerned about their reputation among their peers. Also, delinquents are more likely to rationalize against guilt through the techniques of neutralization, are more likely to value unconventional norms and tend to have negative experiences, both at home and in school. Based on social identity theory, this thesis argues that delinquency arises out of a search for an alternative positive identity through “social creativity”, which is only possible through the group. Membership in a delinquent group or a delinquent social identity offers the delinquent a sense of “positive distinctiveness” which is derived from the rejection, redefinition and reversal of conventional norms. It is only through a social
Noise Source Lumped Circuit Modeling and Identification for Power Converters

In this paper, a general lumped circuit modeling method is proposed to describe the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupling mechanism for the switching power converters. The EMI characteristics of the converters can be analytically deduced from a circuit theoretical viewpoint. The shunt and series impedance insertion method is introduced to identify the differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) noise impedances and voltage sources. The procedure of parameters estimation for the noise models comprises several simple measurements and is convenient to be implemented. Experimental illustrations are also included to verify the validity of the proposed method. Comparison between the measured and predicted results shows that the EMI modeling method can provide adequate prediction of the EMI feature for power-switching converters
Cytokine/chemokine profile in J774 macrophage cells persistently infected with DA strain of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)

Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a picornavirus and persists in the spinal cords of mice, followed by inflammatory demyelinating disease. Viral persistence is a key determinant for the TMEV-induced demyelination. Macrophages are thought to serve as the site of TMEV persistence during the chronic demyelinating phase. We previously demonstrated that two nonstructural proteins of TMEV, L and L*, were important for virus growth in J774.1 macrophage cells. However, the key factors of macrophage cells related to virus persistence and demyelination remain poorly understood. The inflammatory response is heavily dependent on cytokine and chemokine production by cell of both the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we established the macrophage cells persistently infected with DA strain, and then analyzed the cytokine expression pattern in those cells. The present results are the first to demonstrate the up-regulation of B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the macrophage cells persistently infected with DA strain. Furthermore, up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-10 and down-regulation of interferon (IFN)-α4, IFN-β, and IFN-γ were shown in those cells. The data suggest that these cytokines/chemokines may contribute to the virus persistence and the acceleration of TMEV-induced demyelination.
Aquaporin-3 expressed in the basolateral membrane of gill chloride cells in Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus adapted to freshwater and seawater

SUMMARY We have cloned a homologue of mammalian aquaporin-3 (AQP3) from gills of Mozambique tilapia using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The deduced amino acid sequence shared 64–75% homology with other vertebrate AQP3 homologues. RT-PCR revealed that tilapia AQP3 was expressed in the brain, pituitary, kidney, spleen, intestine, skin, eye and gill in tilapia adapted to freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW). We also examined functional characteristics of tilapia AQP3 using Xenopus oocytes as an in vitro transcribed cRNA expression system. Osmotic water permeability (Pf) of Xenopus oocytes expressing tilapia AQP3 was about 30-fold higher than that of control oocytes, and was 80% inhibited by treatment with 0.3 mmol l–1 HgCl2. Light-microscopic immunocytochemistry of branchial epithelia revealed that tilapia AQP3 was expressed in gill chloride cells of FW- and SW-adapted tilapia. Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry further demonstrated that tilapia AQP3 was localized in the basolateral membrane of gill chloride cells. Basolateral localization of AQP3 in gill chloride cells suggests that AQP3 is involved in regulatory volume changes and osmoreception, which could trigger functional differentiation of chloride cells.
In ation Di ¤ erentials in a Currency Area : Facts , Explanations and Policy

This paper does not re ‡ect views or opinions of the European Central Bank but solely those of its authors. The authors are grateful to Kosuke Aoki, Philip Lane and Roger Farmer for very helpful dicussions and to Gianni Lombardo, Klaus Masuch, Roberto Motto and Sergio Nicoletti-Altimari as well as participants at the XVII Simposium Moneda y Crédito in Madrid and CEPR conference Designing a Macroeconomic Policy Framework for Europe in Barcelona for helpful comments. Any errors are the responsibility solely of the authors.
Repeated geographical mobility: I. Perspective. Ii. Effects and coping styles.

s International . 1970, 30(7-A), 2780. Soval , E. M. and Hamilton, C. H. Some new evidence on educational selectivity in migration to and from the South. Social Forces , 1965, 43(4), 536-547. Steinburg, H. R. and Durrell, J. A stressful social situation
Managing Intercultural Conflict Effectively

About the Authors List of Figures & Tables Preface 1. Intercultural Conflict. An Introduction Practical Reasons Culture: A Learned Meaning System Intercultural Conflict: Basic Assumptions 2. Intercultural Conflict. A Culture-Based Situational Model A Culture-Based Situational Conflict Model: Primary Orientation Factors Situational and Relationship Boundary Features Intercultural Conflict Communication: Process Factors Intercultural Conflict Competence: Four Criteria Conclusion 3. Intercultural-Intimate Conflict in Personal Relationships Intercultural -Intimate Conflict: Primary Factors Intercultural -Intimate Conflict: Situational Features Intercultural -Intimate Conflict: Process Factors Intercultural -Intimate Conflict: Outcome Dimensions Intercultural -Intimate Conflict: Practical Guidelines 4. Intercultural Conflict in Diverse Work Groups What is a Group? Sources of Conflict in a Culturally Diverse Group Culture-Based Situational Features: Influence of Group Inputs on Conflict Process Combined Situational and Process Factors: Influence of Conflict Process on Group Outputs Intercultural Conflict in Diverse Work Groups: Practical Guidelines 5. Intercultural Conflict Between Managers and Employees in Organizations Conflicts Between Managers and Employees Primary Orientation Factors: A Model of Conflict Approaches Conflicts in Multinational Organizations Culturally Diverse Organizations in the United States Intercultural Conflict Between Managers and Employees: Practical Guidelines 6. Managing Intercultural Conflict Competently Knowledge Dimension Mindfulness Dimension Constructive Conflict Skills Dimension Conclusions Appendix: Measures of Face Concerns and Facework Behaviors in Four National Cultures Data Collection Procedures Results of Panculture Factor Analyses References Index
The causal effect of labor unions on innovation

We examine the causal effect of unionization on firm innovation. To establish causality, we use a regression discontinuity design relying on “locally” exogenous variation generated by elections that pass or fail by a small margin of votes. Passing a union election leads to an 8.7% (12.5%) decline in patent quantity (quality) three years after the election. A reduction in R&D expenditures, reduced productivity of current and newly hired inventors, and departures of innovative inventors appear plausible mechanisms through which unionization impedes firm innovation. Our paper provides new insights into the real effects of unionization and has important implications for policy makers when they alter union regulations or labor laws to encourage innovation.
Algebraic Two-Level Convergence Theory for Singular Systems

We consider the algebraic convergence theory that gives its theoretical foundations to classical algebraic multigrid methods. All the main results constitutive of the approach are properly extended to singular compatible systems, including the recent sharp convergence estimates for both symmetric and nonsymmetric systems. In fact, all results carry over smoothly to the singular case, which therefore does not require a specific treatment (except a proper handling of issues associated with singular coarse grid matrices). Regarding problems with a low-dimensional null space, the presented results thus mainly confirm what has been observed often at a more practical level in many previous works. As illustrated by the discussion of the application to the curl-curl equation, the potential impact is greater for problems with large-dimensional null space. Indeed, it turns out that the design of multilevel methods can then actually be easier for the singular case than it is for nearby regularized problems.
Text Manipulation Judgment Accuracy: An Exploratory Study

Abstract : Deception aims to affect a decision-making process in a way that somehow benefits the deceiver. More knowledge is desired in the area of purely text-based scenarios. Thirty-seven graduate students at the Air Force Institute of Technology participated in an experiment in order to gain an initial understanding of how people determine whether text has been manipulated, and to identify specific areas that may be more closely investigated in future research. Excerpts were drawn from editions of a current-events newsletter that the participants receive on a weekly basis as part of their enrollment in the graduate program. Some of the excerpts were manipulated, and others were not. Participants were shown a set of these excerpts and were asked to give ratings of their perceived familiarity with the subject of the excerpt, their perception of the relevance of that subject to themselves, and their perception of whether they believed that the excerpt had been manipulated. As part of their manipulation answers, participants were allowed to indicate heightened confidence in their answers by selecting a version of the answer that included the word "definitely. " Analysis of the responses showed support for associations between familiarity, relevance, and definite answers. Analysis further showed support for an association between definite answers and increased rate of accuracy in determining whether an excerpt was manipulated. The analysis did not show support for an association between tamiliarity and accuracy, nor did it show support for an association between relevance and accuracy.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Protects Neuronal Network Function after Hypoxia via Control of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels

Acute cerebral ischemia and chronic neurovascular diseases share various common mechanisms with neurodegenerative diseases, such as disturbed cellular calcium and energy homeostasis and accumulation of toxic metabolites. A link between these conditions may be constituted by amyloid precursor protein (APP), which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease, but has also been associated with the response to acute hypoxia and regulation of calcium homeostasis. We therefore studied hypoxia-induced loss of function and recovery upon reoxygenation in hippocampal slices of mice lacking APP (APP−/−) or selectively expressing its soluble extracellular domain (APPsα-KI). Transient hypoxia disrupted electrical activity at the network and cellular level. In mice lacking APP, these impairments were significantly more severe, showing increased rise of intracellular calcium, faster loss of function, and higher incidence of spreading depression. Likewise, functional recovery upon reoxygenation was much slower and less complete than in controls. Most of these deficits were rescued by selective expression of the soluble extracellular fragment APPsα, or by pharmacological block of L-type calcium channels. We conclude that APP supports neuronal resistance toward acute hypoxia. This effect is mediated by the secreted APPsα-domain and involves L-type calcium channels. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, but its normal function in the brain remains elusive. Here, we describe a neuroprotective role of the protein in acute hypoxia. Functional recovery of mouse hippocampal networks after transient reduction of oxygen supply was strongly impaired in animals lacking APP. Most protective effects are mediated by the soluble extracellular fragment APPsα and involve L-type calcium channels. Thus, APP contributes to calcium homeostasis in situations of metabolic stress. This finding may shed light on the physiological function of APP and may be important for understanding mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
Of mice and men: asymmetric interactions between Bordetella pathogen species

SUMMARY In a recent experiment, we found that mice previously infected with Bordetella pertussis were not protected against a later infection with Bordetella parapertussis, while primary infection with B. parapertussis conferred cross-protection. This challenges the common assumption made in most mathematical models for pathogenic strain dynamics that cross-immunity between strains is symmetric. Here we investigate the potential consequences of this pattern on the circulation of the two pathogens in human populations. To match the empirical dominance of B. pertussis, we made the additional assumption that B. parapertussis pays a cost in terms of reduced fitness. We begin by exploring the range of parameter values that allow the coexistence of the two pathogens, with or without vaccination. We then track the dynamics of the system following the introduction of anti-pertussis vaccination. Our results suggest that (1) in order for B. pertussis to be more prevalent than B. parapertussis, the former must have a strong competitive advantage, possibly in the form of higher infectivity, and (2) because of asymmetric cross-immunity, the introduction of anti-pertussis vaccination should have little effect on the absolute prevalence of B. parapertussis. We discuss the evidence supporting these predictions, and the potential relevance of this model for other pathogens.
Comparison of pelvic floor muscle strength evaluations in nulliparous and primiparous women: a prospective study

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the pelvic floor muscle strength of nulliparous and primiparous women. METHODS: A total of 100 women were prospectively distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1) (n = 50) included healthy nulliparous women, and Group 2 (G2) (n = 50) included healthy primiparous women. Pelvic floor muscle strength was subjectively evaluated using transvaginal digital palpation. Pelvic floor muscle strength was objectively assessed using a portable perineometer. All of the parameters were evaluated simultaneously in G1 and were evaluated in G2 during the 20th and 36th weeks of pregnancy and 45 days after delivery. RESULTS: In G2, 14 women were excluded because they left the study before the follow-up evaluation. The median age was 23 years in G1 and 22 years in G2; there was no significant difference between the groups. The average body mass index was 21.7 kg/m2 in G1 and 25.0 kg/m2 in G2; there was a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.0004). In G2, transvaginal digital palpation evaluation showed significant impairments of pelvic floor muscle strength at the 36th week of pregnancy (p = 0.0006) and 45 days after vaginal delivery (p = 0.0001) compared to G1. Objective evaluations of pelvic floor muscle strength in G2 revealed a significant decrease 45 days after vaginal delivery compared to nulliparous patients. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy and vaginal delivery may cause weakness of the pelvic floor muscles.
Spinosad resistance in female Musca domestica L. from a field-derived population.

BACKGROUND Bait-formulated spinosad is currently being introduced for housefly (Musca domestica L.) control around the world. Spinosad resistance was evaluated in a multiresistant field population and strains derived from this by selection with insecticides. Constitutive and spinosad-induced expression levels of three cytochrome P450 genes, CYP6A1, CYP6D1 and CYP6D3, previously reported to be involved in insecticide resistance, were examined. RESULTS In 2004 a baseline for spinosad toxicity of Danish houseflies where all field populations were considered to be susceptible was established. In the present study, females of a multiresistant field population 791a were, however, 27-fold spinosad resistant at LC(50), whereas 791a male houseflies were susceptible. Strain 791a was selected with spinosad, thiamethoxam, fipronil and imidacloprid, resulting in four strains with individual characteristics. Selection of 791a with spinosad did not alter spinosad resistance in either males or females, but counterselected against resistance to the insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A synergist study with piperonyl butoxide, as well as gene expression studies of CYP6A1, CYP6D1 and CYP6D3, indicated a partial involvement of cytochrome P450 genes in spinosad resistance. CONCLUSION This study reports female-linked spinosad resistance in Danish houseflies. Negative cross-resistance was observed between spinosad and neonicotinoids in one multiresistant housefly strain. Spinosad resistance involved alterations of cytochrome P450 gene expression.