Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family policy as an institutional context of economic inequality

It is demonstrated that family policies are an important aspect of the institutional context of earnings inequality among coupled households. Although seldom integrated into prominent analyses of economic inequality, women’s earnings are consistently found to reduce relative inequality among households. This means that family policies, as well-known determinants of women’s employment and earnings, are important contextual determinants of economic inequality. Using Luxembourg Income Study data from 18 OECD countries in the period 1981–2008, this study demonstrates that women have higher earnings, and that their earnings reduce inequality among coupled households more in institutional contexts with generous paid leave and public childcare. We found no sizeable association between financial support policies, such as family allowances and tax benefits to families with children, and the degree to which women’s earnings contribute to inequality among coupled households. Family policy arrangements that facilitate women’s employment and earnings are associated with less economic inequality among coupled households.
Proteomic analysis of the human receptive versus non-receptive endometrium using differential in-gel electrophoresis and MALDI-MS unveils stathmin 1 and annexin A2 as differentially regulated.

BACKGROUND The transcriptome of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle has been described in recent years. However, the proteomic of the window of implantation remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the proteome of the human endometrium in the pre-receptive phase versus the receptive phase by identifying and quantifying the proteins differentially expressed using differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and mass spectometry (MS). METHODS Endometrial biopsies were collected at days 2 (pre-receptive) and 7 (receptive) after the urinary luteal hormone surge in the same menstrual cycle from eight fertile women (corresponding to days 16 and 21 of the menstrual cycle). Proteins were extracted and labeled with CyDye DIGE fluorofores and separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Image analysis using the DeCyder software followed by protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS and database searching revealed 32 differentially expressed proteins, although only annexin A2 and stathmin 1 were consistently regulated in the two experiments performed. Validation and localization of annexin A2 and stathmin 1 were performed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Annexin A2 and stathmin 1 were investigated using an endometrial refractoriness model. The results highlight the key potential of these proteins as possible targets for human endometrial receptivity and interception. CONCLUSION This study shows that the human endometrium has a differential proteomic repertoire during the window of implantation. Consequently, we identified annexin A2 and stathmin 1 as differentially expressed molecules in the receptive endometrium.
S/HIC: Robust Identification of Soft and Hard Sweeps Using Machine Learning

Detecting the targets of adaptive natural selection from whole genome sequencing data is a central problem for population genetics. However, to date most methods have shown sub-optimal performance under realistic demographic scenarios. Moreover, over the past decade there has been a renewed interest in determining the importance of selection from standing variation in adaptation of natural populations, yet very few methods for inferring this model of adaptation at the genome scale have been introduced. Here we introduce a new method, S/HIC, which uses supervised machine learning to precisely infer the location of both hard and soft selective sweeps. We show that S/HIC has unrivaled accuracy for detecting sweeps under demographic histories that are relevant to human populations, and distinguishing sweeps from linked as well as neutrally evolving regions. Moreover we show that S/HIC is uniquely robust among its competitors to model misspecification. Thus even if the true demographic model of a population differs catastrophically from that specified by the user, S/HIC still retains impressive discriminatory power. Finally we apply S/HIC to the case of resequencing data from human chromosome 18 in a European population sample and demonstrate that we can reliably recover selective sweeps that have been identified earlier using less specific and sensitive methods.
Does organizational justice affect turnover-intention in a developing country? The mediating role of job satisfaction and organizational commitment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of organizational justice on turnover-intention via the mediating influences of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. In addition, the study aims at incorporating all four facets of organizational justice (procedural, distributive, interpersonal and informational) in an attempt to test the model in a developing country context. Design/methodology/approach The study targeted employees in the airline industry working for airline companies currently operating in Jordan. A count of 323 questionnaires were directly distributed and completed and returned by employees yielding a response rate of 81 percent. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results led to the acceptance of all hypotheses. Most importantly, it was confirmed that both organizational commitment and job satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relationship between organizational justice and turnover-intention. While job satisfaction fully mediated the relationship, organizational commitment only had a partially mediating effect. Originality/value The study took a step beyond the simple linear models typically used in the literature by proposing a more complex one that investigated the mediating role of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Moreover, the researchers applied this model to a developing country setting in order to bridge the research gap.
Designing the organizational creativity based on job characteristics and job involvement among physical education units’ employees of Technology University

The aim of the present study was designing the organizational creativity based on job characteristics and job involvement among physical education employees of Technology University. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all employees, experts, and physical education unitsâ€™ managers. The statistical samples were 389 people reduced to 338 employees after eliminating the incomplete and useless questionnaires. The research method of the present study was descriptive-correlative. Three questionnaires of job characteristics, job involvement, and organizational creativity were used to evaluate the research variables which were distributed and gathered among research samples after translation and comparison with research samples via face validity (views of 12 sport management experts) and construct validity. The research results were analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS) and showed that the best predictor of job involvement among physical education unitsâ€™ employees of Technology University was problem solving (ES= 0.41). However, the job characteristics of autonomy (0.26) and job feedback (.024) had more effects on employeesâ€™ creativity. Other results showed that managers reported lower scores of job characteristics and creativity than sport employees. According to research findings, in order to achieve creativity in the workplace within physical education units of Technology University, the managers should stimulate the autonomy and feedback characteristics. Of course, it should not be neglected that this mechanism would be facilitated by creating the problem solving in job.
Preliminary and incomplete Comments welcome Institutions , Trade , and Growth : Revisiting the Evidence

Several recent papers have attempted to identify the partial effects of trade integration and institutional quality on long-run growth, using the geographical determinants of trade and the historical determinants of institutions as instruments. In this paper we show that many of the specifications in these papers are weakly identified despite the apparently good performance of the instruments in first-stage regressions. Consequently, we argue that the cross-country variation in institutions, trade, and their geographical and historical determinants is not very informative about the partial effects of these variables on long-run growth. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3004, March 2003 The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Policy Research Working Papers are available online at http://econ.worldbank.org. ________________________________ 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, ddollar@worldbank.org. akraay@worldbank.org. We would like to thank Romain Wacziarg and Jeff Sachs for helpful comments
The Janus-face of European heritage: Revisiting the rhetoric of Europe-making in EU cultural politics

Heritage sites and their stewards have been part of the project of European integration since the 1970s. Countless actions involving conservation, research and public outreach has been granted EU funding based on the ‘European significance’ of monuments and sites or the ‘European added value’ of project activities. This article argues that out of the long relationship between EU cultural politics and the domain of tangible heritage, there has grown a parallel approach to European belonging. By tracing acts of Europe-making in political statements used to justify financial support, and discussing their effect on co-funded archaeological projects, a Janus-face is identified. One side places authority in the past, articulating a European commonality through site characteristics or time periods. The other places authority in the present, promoting a more flexible understanding of heritage. Since the EU has increasingly (and unwillingly) come to share the rhetorical figure of ‘European heritage’ with anti-immigration groups calling for solidarity among ‘native Europeans’, the question of which side takes precedence is of great consequence.
Adapting the Interactive Activation Model for Context Recognition and Identification

In this article, we propose and implement a new model for context recognition and identification. Our work is motivated by the importance of “working in context” for knowledge workers to stay focused and productive. A computer application that can identify the current context in which the knowledge worker is working can (among other things) provide the worker with contextual support, for example, by suggesting relevant information sources, or give an overview of how he or she spent his or her time during the day. We present a descriptive model for the context of a knowledge worker. This model describes the contextual elements in the work environment of the knowledge worker and how these elements relate to each other. This model is operationalized in an algorithm, the contextual interactive activation model (CIA), which is based on the interactive activation model by Rumelhart and McClelland. It consists of a layered connected network through which activation flows. We have tested CIA in a context identification setting. In this case, the data that we use as input is low-level computer interaction logging data. We found that topical information and entities were the most relevant types of information for context identification. Overall the proposed CIA model is more effective than traditional supervised methods in identifying the active context from sparse input data, with less labelled training data.
FORECASTING CAPABILITY OF THE TIME SERIES MODELS BEFORE AND AFTER THE ADOPTION OF THE IFRS IN BRAZIL

This research approaches two research fields aiming to verify, in the Brazilian case, whether the adoption of international accounting standards (IFRS) and the consequent reduction of information asymmetry are contributing for the improvement of forecasting capability of assets in the capital markets. The studied will be carried out by using analyses of ARIMA, ARCH and GARCH time series for the IBOVESPA in the period ranging from 2004 to 2012, aiming to check the effect of accounting international standards in the suitability of forecasting models for the Brazilian capital market. The models suitability was verified by the forecasting error statistics: MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error); RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and TIC (Theil Inequality Coefficient). The results indicate that after the adoption of international standards, the forecasting models presented greater suitability in the period after the adoption of international standards.
Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology : Model description and evaluation

We present a first description and evaluation of GEOS-CHEM, a global three- dimensional (3-D) model of tropospheric chemistry driven by assimilated meteorological observations from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) of the NASA Data Assimilation Office (DAO). The model is applied to a 1-year simulation of tropospheric ozone-NO-hydrocarbon chemistry for 1994, and is evaluated with observations both for 1994 and for other years. It reproduces usually to within 10 ppb the concentrations of ozone observed from the worldwide ozonesonde data network. It simulates correctly the seasonal phases and amplitudes of ozone concentrations for different regions and altitudes, but tends to underestimate the seasonal amplitude at northern midlatitudes. Observed concentrations of NO and peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) observed in aircraft campaigns are generally reproduced to within a factor of 2 and often much better. Concentrations of HNO3 in the remote troposphere are overestimated typically by a factor of 2-3, a common problem in global models that may reflect a combination of insufficient precipitation scavenging and gas-aerosol partitioning not resolved by the model. The model yields an atmospheric lifetime of methylchloroform (proxy for global OH) of 5.1 years, as compared to a best estimate from observations of 5.5 +/- 0.8 years, and simulates H202 concentrations observed from aircraft with significant regional disagreements but no global bias. The OH concentrations are 20% higher than in our previous global 3-D model which included an UV-absorbing aerosol. Concentrations of CO tend to be underestimated by the model, often by 10-30 ppb, which could reflect a combination of excessive OH (a 20% decrease in model OH could be accommodated by the methylchloroform constraint) and an underestimate of CO sources (particularly biogenic). The model underestimates observed acetone concentrations over the South Pacific in fall by a factor of 3; a missing source from the ocean may be implicated.
Enhancing NMDA Receptor Function: Recent Progress on Allosteric Modulators

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are subtype glutamate receptors that play important roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Their hypo- or hyperactivation are proposed to contribute to the genesis or progression of various brain diseases, including stroke, schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Past efforts in targeting NMDARs for therapeutic intervention have largely been on inhibitors of NMDARs. In light of the discovery of NMDAR hypofunction in psychiatric disorders and perhaps Alzheimer's disease, efforts in boosting NMDAR activity/functions have surged in recent years. In this review, we will focus on enhancing NMDAR functions, especially on the recent progress in the generation of subunit-selective, allosteric positive modulators (PAMs) of NMDARs. We shall also discuss the usefulness of these newly developed NMDAR-PAMs.
Productivity and Firm Selection: Intra-National vs Inter-National Trade∗

With heterogenous firms, inter-national trade is predicted to increase aggregate productivity through a selection effect. The same theoretical insight applies to intra-national trade between sub-national economies. In this paper, we attempt at quantifying the impact of firm selection attributable to both international and intra-national trade. To do so, we structurally estimate and simulate a multi-economy multi-sector model with monopolistic competition and variable mark-ups using firm-level data and aggregate trade figures. We focus on European economies, breaking up France into 21 (NUTS2) regional economies, and including them in a panel comprised of 10 other EU countries. We find that intra-EU trade has a sizeable impact on aggregate productivity, but that intra-national (French) trade has an even greater impact. While in 2000 the introduction of prohibitive trade costs within the EU (‘non-Europe’) would have caused an average productivity loss of roughly 8 per cent to French regions, similar intra-France trade costs (‘non-France’) would have reduced average productivity by an additional 23 per cent. We also find that productivity losses and gains vary considerably across economies and sectors, depending on market accessibility and trade costs. Finally, we provide an estimation of productivity gains accruing from further behind-the-border integration in the EU.
Ano1 as a regulator of proliferation

Ano1 is a Ca2+ activated Cl− channel expressed in several proliferating cell types including various epithelia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and CFPAC‐1 cells. The aim of this study was to determine if Ano1 regulates proliferation. ICC from Ano1(−/−) and Ano1(+/+) mice were cultured with Cl− channel inhibitors or in low Cl− media. CFPAC‐1 cells grown in low Cl− media were pulsed with EdU for 1 h. Incorporation was measured by flow cytometry. For immunoblots on mouse jejunum, antibodies to pRb, phospho(Ser773)‐pRb and GAPDH were used.
Morpho Challenge 2005-2010: Evaluations and Results

Morpho Challenge is an annual evaluation campaign for unsupervised morpheme analysis. In morpheme analysis, words are segmented into smaller meaningful units. This is an essential part in processing complex word forms in many large-scale natural language processing applications, such as speech recognition, information retrieval, and machine translation. The discovery of morphemes is particularly important for morphologically rich languages where inflection, derivation and composition can produce a huge amount of different word forms. Morpho Challenge aims at language-independent unsupervised learning algorithms that can discover useful morpheme-like units from raw text material. In this paper we define the challenge, review proposed algorithms, evaluations and results so far, and point out the questions that are still open.
Histological Distinction between the Granular and Nongranular Types of Laterally Spreading Tumors of the Colorectum

Colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs), which are classified into granular (LST-G) and nongranular (LST-NG) types, are a good indication for endoscopic treatment. In practice, the nongranular type is more difficult to remove endoscopically than the granular type. It might be assumed that some histological differences exist between these subtypes. The objective of this study was to analyze histological features of laterally spreading tumors and compare between the granular and the nongranular types. A total of 32 cases of LSTs resected endoscopically being intramucosal tumors with no previous treatment were analyzed. The disposition of the muscularis mucosae, the vascular density, and the degree of fibrosis of the submucosal layer were determined. The outline of the muscularis mucosae in LST-NG was almost flat, but that of LST-G was wavy. The submucosal vascular density was significantly greater in the LST-NGs (61.4 ± 24.3/mm2) than in the LST-Gs (43 ± 22.4/mm2; P = 0.033). There was no clear difference in the degree of submucosal fibrosis between the subtypes. A flat disposition of the muscularis mucosae and a more densely vascularized submucosal layer were characteristics of LST-NGs compared to the LST-Gs. These findings may play a role when performing the endoscopic resection of LSTs.
Models for infrared and submillimetre counts and backgrounds

A simple and versatile parameterized approach to the star formation history allows a quantitative investigation of the constraints from far infrared and submillimetre counts and background intensity measurements. The models include four spectral components: infrared cirrus, an M82-like starburst, an Arp220-like starburst and an AGN dust torus. The 60 $\mu$m luminosity function is determined for each chosen rate of evolution using the PSCz redshift data for 15000 galaxies. The proportions of each spectral type as a function of 60 $\mu$m luminosity are chosen for consistency with IRAS and SCUBA colour-luminosity relations, and with the fraction of AGN as a function of luminosity found in 12 $\mu$m samples. A good fit to the observed counts at 0.44, 2.2, 15, 60, 90, 175 and 850 $\mu$m can be found with pure luminosity evolution in all 3 cosmological models investigated: $\Omega_o$ = 1, $\Omega_o$ = 0.3 ($\Lambda$ = 0), and $\Omega_o$ = 0.3, $\Lambda$ = 0.7. All 3 models also give an acceptable fit to the integrated background spectrum. The total mass-density of stars generated is consistent with that observed, in all 3 cosmological models.
The Impact of Pubs on the Level of Socio-Economic Activity in Rural Parishes: An Econometric Study

Pubs in the UK are often seen as hubs for social interaction, which is particularly prominent in villages and rural areas where they play a pivotal role in the stimulation of socioeconomic activity. In such areas pubs provide a fertile ground for community cohesion and are often at the epicentre of wider community activities such as sporting events and galas. Moving from a previous study conducted by Cabras ad Reggiani (2010), the current investigation seeks to measure the societal and economic impact of pubs in rural communities in the North of England – North West, North East, and Yorkshire and Humber. Using multiple and ordered probit regression, the authors conduct a preliminary econometric analysis to quantify such impact. Findings suggest that there is a strong degree of association between aspects of community cohesion and socio-economic activity and the presence of pubs. However, such effects are not equitable over all dimensions. Results have strong implications for future development policies regarding the preservation of rural communities.
A delay analysis of sender-initiated and receiver-initiated reliable multicast protocols

A growing number of network applications require the use of a reliable multicast protocol to disseminate data from a source to a potentially large number of receivers. This paper presents an analytic performance analysis of the packet delay incurred under three generic sender- and receiver-initiated approaches towards reliable multicast. We focus on the host processing requirements of these protocols and derive expressions for average time between the initial arrival of a packet at a sender and its correct reception at a randomly chosen receiver. Our numerical results indicate that a NAK-based protocol that limits NAK generation by intentionally and randomly delaying NAK packets can achieve substantially higher throughput than the other two protocols examined and can do so without suffering an appreciable higher delay over a range of system parameters.