Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Morphology with Morfette

Morfette is a modular, data-driven, probabilistic system which learns to perform joint morphological tagging and lemmatization from morphologically annotated corpora. The system is composed of two learning modules which are trained to predict morphological tags and lemmas using the Maximum Entropy classifier. The third module dynamically combines the predictions of the Maximum-Entropy models and outputs a probability distribution over tag-lemma pair sequences. The lemmatization module exploits the idea of recasting lemmatization as a classification task by using class labels which encode mappings from word forms to lemmas. Experimental evaluation results and error analysis on three morphologically rich languages show that the system achieves high accuracy with no language-specific feature engineering or additional resources.
BER performance of MIMO-OFDM systems with the existence of antenna mutual coupling

Performance analyses on MIMO-OFDM systems with spatial correlation have been carried out before (Sadek et al., 2006). However, the effect of antenna mutual coupling (MC) on the performance of MIMO-OFDM systems has not been specifically studied. When antenna separation is small, the effect of the antenna MC on spatial correlation cannot be neglected. In this paper, a rigorous performance analysis of a MIMO-OFDM system under the influence of a changed correlation structure due to antenna MC effect is presented. Specifically, the bit-error-rate (BER) performance with the effect of antenna MC modelled using the receiving mutual impedance (Hui, 2004) are obtained and analysed.
Deficiency in Fatty Acid Synthase Leads to Premature Cell Death and Dramatic Alterations in Plant Morphology

An Arabidopsis mosaic death1 (mod1) mutant, which has premature cell death in multiple organs, was isolated. mod1 plants display multiple morphological phenotypes, including chlorotic and curly leaves, distorted siliques, premature senescence of primary inflorescences, reduced fertility, and semidwarfism. The phenotype of the mod1 mutant results from a single nuclear recessive mutation, and the MOD1 gene was isolated by using a map-based cloning approach. The MOD1 gene encodes an enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, which is a subunit of the fatty acid synthase complex that catalyzes de novo synthesis of fatty acids. An amino acid substitution in the enoyl-ACP reductase of the mod1 mutant causes a marked decrease in its enzymatic activity, impairing fatty acid biosynthesis and decreasing the amount of total lipids in mod1 plants. These results demonstrate that a deficiency in fatty acid biosynthesis has pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development and causes premature cell death.
Topographic organization of macaque area LIP

Despite several attempts to define retinotopic maps in the macaque lateral intraparietal area (LIP) using histological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging methods, the degree to which this area is topographically organized remains controversial. We recorded blood oxygenation level–dependent signals with functional MRI from two macaques performing a difficult visual search task on stimuli presented at the fovea or in the periphery of the visual field. The results revealed the presence of a single topographic representation of the contralateral hemifield in the ventral subdivision of the LIP (LIPv) in both hemispheres of both monkeys. Also, a foveal representation was localized in rostral LIPv rather than in dorsal LIP (LIPd) as previous experiments had suggested. Finally, both LIPd and LIPv responded only to contralateral stimuli. In contrast, human studies have reported multiple topographic maps in intraparietal cortex and robust responses to ipsilateral stimuli. These blood oxygenation level–dependent functional MRI results provide clear evidence for the topographic organization of macaque LIP that complements the results of previous electrophysiology studies, and also reveal some unexpected characteristics of this organization that have eluded these previous studies. The results also delineate organizational differences between LIPv and LIPd, providing support for these two histologically defined areas may subserve different visuospatial functions. Finally, these findings point to potential evolutionary differences in functional organization with human posterior parietal cortex.
2011 Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Gout and Hyperuricemia

Abstract Gout is a major health problem in the United States; it affects 8.3 million people, which is approximately 4% of the adult population. Gout is most often diagnosed and managed in primary care practices; thus, primary care physicians have a significant opportunity to improve patient outcomes. Following publication of the 2006 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) gout guidelines, significant new evidence has accumulated, and new treatments for patients with gout have become available. It is the objective of these 2011 recommendations to update the 2006 EULAR guidelines, paying special attention to the needs of primary care physicians. The revised 2011 recommendations are based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach as an evidence-based strategy for rating quality of evidence and grading the strength of recommendation formulated for use in clinical practice. A total of 26 key recommendations, 10 for diagnosis and 16 for management, of patients with gout were evaluated, resulting in important updates for patient care. The presence of monosodium urate crystals and/or tophus and response to colchicine have the highest clinical diagnostic value. The key aspect of effective management of an acute gout attack is initiation of treatment within hours of symptom onset. Low-dose colchicine is better tolerated and is as effective as a high dose. When urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is indicated, the xanthine oxidase inhibitors allopurinol and febuxostat are the options of choice. Febuxostat can be prescribed at unchanged doses for patients with mild-to-moderate renal or hepatic impairment. The target of ULT should be a serum uric acid level that is ≤ 6 mg/dL. For patients with refractory and tophaceous gout, intravenous pegloticase is a new treatment option. This article is a summary of the 2011 clinical guidelines published in Postgraduate Medicine. This article provides a streamlined, accessible overview intended for quick review by primary care physicians, with the full guidelines being a resource for those seeking additional background information and expanded discussion.
Sociometric status and the attribution of intentions in a sample of adolescents with cerebral palsy

Abstract Purpose To examine how cerebral palsy (CP) and sociometric status at age 10 explain the development of a cognitive bias across two groups of adolescents aged 15. Method Children with CP (N = 60) and without CP (N = 57) are part of a follow-up study. Three categories of sociometric status (popular, average, rejected) were obtained by conducting a class-wide interview in the class of the target children at age 10. At 15 years old, the same children (CP and non-CP) were asked to complete the Home Interview With Child questionnaire measuring a cognitive bias (hostile attribution of intentions (AI)). Results Children with CP, especially girls, were significantly more rejected and less popular than controls at age 10. At age 15, among all participants, sociometric rejected and popular children tended to have a higher percentage of hostile AI than sociometric average children. Conclusions There were no significant results for the combined effect of CP and sociometric status on the development of hostile AI at age 15. However, knowing the risk incurred by children with CP of being socially rejected, attention should be paid in the rehabilitation process to opportunities for social participation to facilitate the development of social competence. Implications for Rehabilitation Level I or II cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that affects not only motor abilities but also social competence in children. Sociometric status in a group tends to affect the development of the ability to interprete intentions of others during adolescence. Sociometric measures in the class of children with CP could be a useful tool in the rehabilitation process in order to better define social participation opportunities. To improve social participation attempts, rehabilitation interventions should target social initiating skills, flexibility in interpreting peers’ behaviours, and ability to react effectively to negative peer treatment.
Clinical evaluation of immediate loading of electroeroded screw-retained titanium fixed prostheses supported by tilted implant: a multicenter retrospective study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Immediate occlusal loading of dental implants in the edentulous mandible has proven to be an effective, reliable, and predictable treatment protocol. However, there is limited long-term data available in the literature, when an electroeroded definitive cast-titanium fixed prosthesis is used for this treatment protocol. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of dental implants (Astra Tech Dental, Mölndal, Sweden) in the edentulous mandible immediately loaded with an electroeroded cast-titanium screw-retained fixed prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients received five implants each in the interforaminal area. All the implants were inserted with torque up to 40 Ncm and the distal implants were distally tilted approximately 20 to 30 degrees to minimize the length of posterior cantilevers. Implants were loaded within 48 hours of placement with an acrylic resin-titanium screw-retained prosthesis fabricated by electroerosion. RESULTS Two of the 225 inserted implants failed after 3 and 16 months of healing, respectively, with a cumulative survival rate of 99.1% and a prosthetic survival rate of 97.8%. CONCLUSION Immediate loading of tilted dental implants inserted in the edentulous mandible with a screw-retained titanium definitive prosthesis fabricated with electrical discharge machining provide reliable and predictable results.
The one-dimensional Potts model with long-range interactions: a renormalization group approach

The one-dimensional q-state Potts model with ferromagnetic pair interactions which decay with the distance r as is considered. We calculate, through a real-space renormalization group technique using Kadanoff blocks of length b, the critical temperature and the correlation length critical exponent as a function of for different values of q. Some of the very few known rigorous results for general q are reproduced by our approach. Several asymptotic behaviours are derived analytically for q = 2, 3 in the limit. We also obtain extrapolated critical temperatures for arbitrary values of and for q = 2, 3, 4, which we believe approximate the exact ones well, except in the region near . Furthermore, the use of another extrapolation procedure suitable only in the vicinity of led us to conjecture that the exact critical temperature is the same for any value of q. We also verify that , which is consistent with a recent conjecture of Tsallis.
Impact of HIV on families of HIV-infected women who have recently given birth, Bangkok, Thailand.

The objective of this study was to assess changes in the family situation of HIV-infected women who have recently given birth. As part of a prospective perinatal HIV transmission study, interviews were conducted with a subset of HIV-infected women at 18 to 24 months postpartum, and answers were compared with baseline information obtained during pregnancy. Standardized scales were used to assess levels of psychosocial functioning. A convenience sample of 129 HIV-infected women enrolled during pregnancy was interviewed at 18 to 24 months postpartum. At delivery, the women were young (median age, 22 years), primiparous (57%), and asymptomatic (93%). When baseline and follow-up data were compared, more women were living alone (1% versus 6%; p = 0.03), fewer women were living with their partners (98% versus 73%; p < 0.001), and 30% of families had reduced incomes. At follow-up, 10% of partners had died, and more partners than wives had become ill or died (21% versus 4%; p = 0.02). Most children (78%) were living with their mothers, but only 57% of the HIV-infected women were the primary caretakers. Fewer women had disclosed their HIV status to others (e.g., family, friends) than to their partners (34% versus 84%; p < 0.001), largely because of fear of disclosure. The women appeared to have high levels of depression and worry. The women's greatest worries were about their children's health and the family's future. Within 2 years after childbirth, substantial change within the families of HIV-infected women was evident. These were manifest by partner illness or death, family separation, reduced family income, shifting responsibilities for child care, and signs of depression and isolation. Providing family support is a major challenge in Thailand as the perinatal HIV epidemic progresses.
Dynamic Energy Landscapes of Riboswitches Help Interpret Conformational Rearrangements and Function

Riboswitches are RNAs that modulate gene expression by ligand-induced conformational changes. However, the way in which sequence dictates alternative folding pathways of gene regulation remains unclear. In this study, we compute energy landscapes, which describe the accessible secondary structures for a range of sequence lengths, to analyze the transcriptional process as a given sequence elongates to full length. In line with experimental evidence, we find that most riboswitch landscapes can be characterized by three broad classes as a function of sequence length in terms of the distribution and barrier type of the conformational clusters: low-barrier landscape with an ensemble of different conformations in equilibrium before encountering a substrate; barrier-free landscape in which a direct, dominant “downhill” pathway to the minimum free energy structure is apparent; and a barrier-dominated landscape with two isolated conformational states, each associated with a different biological function. Sharing concepts with the “new view” of protein folding energy landscapes, we term the three sequence ranges above as the sensing, downhill folding, and functional windows, respectively. We find that these energy landscape patterns are conserved in various riboswitch classes, though the order of the windows may vary. In fact, the order of the three windows suggests either kinetic or thermodynamic control of ligand binding. These findings help understand riboswitch structure/function relationships and open new avenues to riboswitch design.
Knowledge About Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Attitudes Toward Female Sex Workers With STI Symptoms Among Health Care Providers in Laos

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes among health care providers (HCPs) providing sexually transmitted infection (STI) service to female sex workers (FSWs). A cross-sectional survey was performed in 6 districts along Road 9, traversing Savannakhet province from Thailand to Vietnam. In total, 244 HCPs providing STI services were interviewed. In all, 54% of respondents had no STI training despite providing STI treatment. Misperceptions of STI causes, transmission routes, and symptoms were common among respondents. Attitudes differed neither between male and female respondents nor between those who had or had not received STI training. A higher proportion of pharmacists/drug sellers (68%) had negative attitudes followed by medical doctors (59%) and nurse/midwives (55%). The proportion of herbalists with negative attitudes (53%) was less in comparison with the other professionals. To improve the quality of STI services and to enhance FSWs’ access to health care services, educational improvements of HCPs’ knowledge about STIs and their attitudes are needed.
Cyclic diGMP Regulates Production of Sortase Substrates of Clostridium difficile and Their Surface Exposure through ZmpI Protease-mediated Cleavage*

Background: Bacteria use various mechanisms to anchor their surface proteins, including a sortase enzyme. Results: Covalent anchoring of proteins to the peptidoglycan in Clostridium difficile and its regulation by cyclic diGMP and protease activity are demonstrated. Conclusion: A novel regulatory mechanism of cell wall protein anchoring is found. Significance: Elucidating how proteins are anchored may shed light on control of bacterial colonization in vivo. In Gram-positive pathogens, surface proteins may be covalently anchored to the bacterial peptidoglycan by sortase, a cysteine transpeptidase enzyme. In contrast to other Gram-positive bacteria, only one single sortase enzyme, SrtB, is conserved between strains of Clostridium difficile. Sortase-mediated peptidase activity has been reported in vitro, and seven potential substrates have been identified. Here, we demonstrate the functionality of sortase in C. difficile. We identify two sortase-anchored proteins, the putative adhesins CD2831 and CD3246, and determine the cell wall anchor structure of CD2831. The C-terminal PPKTG sorting motif of CD2831 is cleaved between the threonine and glycine residues, and the carboxyl group of threonine is amide-linked to the side chain amino group of diaminopimelic acid within the peptidoglycan peptide stem. We show that CD2831 protein levels are elevated in the presence of high intracellular cyclic diGMP (c-diGMP) concentrations, in agreement with the control of CD2831 expression by a c-diGMP-dependent type II riboswitch. Low c-diGMP levels induce the release of CD2831 and presumably CD3246 from the surface of cells. This regulation is mediated by proteolytic cleavage of CD2831 and CD3246 by the zinc metalloprotease ZmpI, whose expression is controlled by a type I c-diGMP riboswitch. These data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for expression of two sortase substrates by the secondary messenger c-diGMP, on which surface anchoring is dependent.
Binary coding of Arrhythmic beats for generation of simplified classification rule

Detection of Arrhythmic beats at the time of its occurrence is very essential for cardiac monitoring. In this work a feature based binary coded classification method is presented for detection of beats like Premature Ventricular Contraction, Bundle Branch Block and Normal. The method is based on mainly the QRS features. A binary coded word is formed representing the status of each ECG beat comprising of five binary bits and the bit status is checked for the one by one to indicate the type of the beat. The binary status word is formed using the temporal and morphological features of ECG signal. This approach of logical classification reduces the complexity of detection because of its binary nature resulting in fast and ready reference of arrhythmic disorder for standalone systems. Performance evaluation results indicate that the method has good accuracy and positive predictivity for all kind of test beats.
Presbyophrenia: Clinical Aspects

Summary Fifteen cases meeting the diagnostic criteria for presbyophrenia are reported and compared with a control sample of patients suffering from dementia. The presbyophrenic patients exhibited more elevated mood, more hyperactivity, more disorientation, and had lower information scores than the controls. Traditional explanations of ‘presbyophrenic behaviour’ such as delirium, pathoplastic effect of personality, or superimposed cerebrovascular disease are not adequate. Instead, presbyophrenia may constitute a sub-type of dementia characterised by severe atrophy of the locus coeruleus, marked impairment of noradrenergic transmission, and uninhibited behaviour.
Improving Search Performance: A Lesson Learned from Evaluating Search Engines Using Thai Queries

This study initiates a systematic evaluation of web search engine performance using queries written in Thai. Statistical testing indicates that there are some significant differences in the performance of search engines. In addition to compare the search performance, an analysis of the returned results is carried out. The analysis of the returned results shows that the majority of returned results are unique to a particular search engine and each system provides quite different results. This encourages the use of metasearch techniques to combine the search results in order to improve the performance and reliability in finding relevant documents. We examine several metasearch models based on the Borda count and Condorcet voting schemes. We also propose the use of Evolutionary Programming (EP) to optimize weight vectors used by the voting algorithms. The results show that the use of metasearch approaches produces superior performance compared to any single search engine on Thai queries.
Providing VCR functionality in staggered video broadcasting

A true video-on-demand (TVoD) system allows users to view any video program, at any time, and perform any VCR function, but its per-user video delivery cost is very expensive. A near video-on-demand (NVoD) system uses a more scalable approach by batching multiple clients to a shared stream of broadcasting videos. Staggered video broadcasting, one of the NVoD techniques, broadcasts multiple streams of the same video at staggered times, with one stream serving multiple clients. In order to provide subscribers with a high-quality VoD service, it is desirable to add VCR functionality, such as fast forward and fast rewind, but it is not easy to provide VCR functionality in NVoD, especially a video broadcasting system where no dedicated or interactive channel is available. We analyze the conditions necessary to provide VCR functions and then propose a reception schedule that satisfies these conditions, with minimal resource requirements. Since our proposed scheme receives video frames as units, it can rapidly sustain a changing VCR action pattern. It is demonstrated, by simulation, that the scheme provides VCR functionality consistently with minimal buffer space.
Type B Niemann-Pick disease: findings at chest radiography, thin-section CT, and pulmonary function testing.

PURPOSE To evaluate findings at radiography, computed tomography (CT), and pulmonary function testing in patients with type B Niemann-Pick disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the institutional review board or ethics committee at each study site and was compliant with HIPAA at the U.S. site. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or guardian and minor assent was obtained from all children before any study-related procedures. Pulmonary involvement in 53 patients (27 male and 26 female patients; age range, 7-65 years; mean age, 23.3 years) with type B Niemann-Pick disease was evaluated with imaging and pulmonary function tests. All patients underwent chest radiography and thin-section CT, and images were independently interpreted by one of two radiologists. Spirometry (forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]) was performed and diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco) was evaluated in all patients who could comply. A score for the degree of interstitial lung disease was derived at both radiography and CT, and the CT scores were then compared with results of pulmonary function testing and patient age by means of linear regression. CT scores were compared between the upper and lower lung zones by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS Chest radiography and CT, respectively, revealed interstitial lung disease in 47 (90%) and 51 (98%) of the 52 patients who completed both imaging examinations. There was a basilar predominance of interstitial lung disease at CT. Six patients had pulmonary nodules, one of which was calcified at chest radiography. There were no statistically significant correlations between interstitial lung disease score at CT and age or percentage predicted FVC, FEV1, or Dlco values. CONCLUSION Although pulmonary function test indexes may be abnormal, imaging findings do not necessarily correlate with pulmonary function in patients with type B Niemann-Pick disease.