Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Name-Ethnicity Classification and Ethnicity-Sensitive Name Matching

Personal names are important and common information in many data sources, ranging from social networks and news articles to patient records and scientific documents.They are often used as queries for retrieving records and also as key information for linking documents from multiple sources. Matching personal names can be challenging due to variations in spelling and various formatting of names. While many approximated name matching techniques have been proposed, most are generic string-matching algorithms. Unlike other types of proper names, personal names are highly cultural. Many ethnicities have their own unique naming systems and identifiable characteristics. In this paper we explore such relationships between ethnicities and personal names to improve the name matching performance. First, we propose a name-ethnicity classifier based on the multinomial logistic regression. Our model can effectively identify name-ethnicity from personal names in Wikipedia, which we use to define name-ethnicity, to within 85\% accuracy.Next, we propose a novel alignment-based name matching algorithm, based on Smith–Waterman algorithm and logistic regression.Different name matching models are then trained for different name-ethnicity groups.Our preliminary experimental result on DBLP's disambiguated author dataset yields a performance of 99\% precision and 89\% recall.Surprisingly, textual features carry more weight than phonetic ones in name-ethnicity classification.
Hierarchical Organization of Human Cortical Networks in Health and Schizophrenia

The complex organization of connectivity in the human brain is incompletely understood. Recently, topological measures based on graph theory have provided a new approach to quantify large-scale cortical networks. These methods have been applied to anatomical connectivity data on nonhuman species, and cortical networks have been shown to have small-world topology, associated with high local and global efficiency of information transfer. Anatomical networks derived from cortical thickness measurements have shown the same organizational properties of the healthy human brain, consistent with similar results reported in functional networks derived from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetoencephalographic data. Here we show, using anatomical networks derived from analysis of inter-regional covariation of gray matter volume in MRI data on 259 healthy volunteers, that classical divisions of cortex (multimodal, unimodal, and transmodal) have some distinct topological attributes. Although all cortical divisions shared nonrandom properties of small-worldness and efficient wiring (short mean Euclidean distance between connected regions), the multimodal network had a hierarchical organization, dominated by frontal hubs with low clustering, whereas the transmodal network was assortative. Moreover, in a sample of 203 people with schizophrenia, multimodal network organization was abnormal, as indicated by reduced hierarchy, the loss of frontal and the emergence of nonfrontal hubs, and increased connection distance. We propose that the topological differences between divisions of normal cortex may represent the outcome of different growth processes for multimodal and transmodal networks and that neurodevelopmental abnormalities in schizophrenia specifically impact multimodal cortical organization.
Association between Physical Functionality and Falls Risk in Community-Living Older Adults

Ageing-related declines in physiological attributes, such as muscle strength, can bring with them an increased risk of falls and subsequently greater risk of losing independence. These declines have substantial impact on an individual's functional ability. However, the precise relationship between falls risk and physical functionality has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were to determine the association between falls risk and physical functionality using objective measures and to create an appropriate model to explain variance in falls risk. Thirty-two independently living adults aged 65–92 years completed the FallScreen, the Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance 10 (CS-PFP10) tests, and the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). The relationships between falls risk, physical functionality, and age were investigated using correlational and multiple hierarchical regression analyses. Overall, total physical functionality accounted for 24% of variance in an individual's falls risk while age explained a further 13%. The oldest-old age group had significantly greater falls risk and significantly lower physical functional performance. Mean scores for all measures showed that there were substantial (but not significant) differences between males and females. While increasing age is the strongest single predictor of increasing falls risk, poorer physical functionality was strongly, independently related to greater falls risk.
ALTERED BODY MASS REGULATION IN MALE mPeriod MUTANT MICE ON HIGH-FAT DIET

The circadian clock orchestrates most physiological processes in mammals. Disruption of circadian rhythms appears to contribute to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The Period genes mPer1 and mPer2, but not mPer3, are essential for core clock function in mice. To assess the impact of mPer genes on body mass regulation, mPer mutant and control mice were fed a high-fat diet. Here the authors report that male mPer1/2/3 triple-deficient mice gain significantly more body mass than wild-type controls on high-fat diet. Surprisingly, mPer3 single-deficient animals mimicked this phenotype, suggesting a previously unrecognized role for mPer3 in body mass regulation. (Author correspondence: Robert@dallmanns.de)
A Smooth and Locally Sparse Estimator for Functional Linear Regression via Functional SCAD Penalty

In this paper, we propose a new regularization technique called "functional SCAD". We then combine this technique with the smoothing spline method to develop a smooth and locally sparse (i.e., zero on some sub-regions) estimator for the coefficient function in functional linear regression. The functional SCAD has a nice shrinkage property that enables our estimating procedure to identify the null subregions of the coefficient function without over shrinking the non-zero values of the coefficient function. Additionally, the smoothness of our estimated coefficient function is regularized by a roughness penalty rather than by controlling the number of knots. Our method is more theoretically sound and is computationally simpler than the other available methods. An asymptotic analysis shows that our estimator is consistent and can identify the null region with the probability tending to one. Furthermore, simulation studies show that our estimator has superior numerical performance. Finally, the practical merit of our method is demonstrated on two real applications.
Modelling of and Mixed Finite Element Methods for Gels in Biomedical Applications

A set of equilibrium equations for a biphasic polymer gel are considered with the end purpose of studying stress and deformation in confinement problems encountered in connection with biomedical implants. The existence of minimizers for the gel energy is established first. Further, the small-strain equations are derived and related to the linear elasticity equations with parameters dependent on the elasticity of the polymer and the mixing of the polymer and solvent. Two numerical methods are considered, namely a two-field displacement-pressure formulation and a three-field stress- displacement-rotation formulation with weakly imposed symmetry. The symmetry of the stress tensor is affected by the residual stress induced by the polymer-solvent mixing. A novel variation of the stress-displacement formulation of linear elasticity with weak symmetry is therefore proposed and analyzed. Finally, the numerical methods are used to simulate the stresses arising in a confined gel implant.
Susceptibility of GT1–7 cells to mouse-passaged field scrapie isolates with a long incubation

A typical feature of scrapie in sheep and goats is the accumulation of disease-associated prion protein. Scrapie consists of many strains with different biological properties. Nine natural sheep scrapie cases were transmitted to wild-type mice and mouse-passaged isolates were classified into 2 types based on incubation time: short and long. These 2 types displayed a distinct difference in their pathology. We attempted to transmit these mouse-passaged isolates to 2 murine cell lines (GT1–7 and L929) to compare their properties. All of the isolates were transmitted to L929 cells. However, only mouse-passaged field isolates with a long incubation time were transmitted to GT1–7 cells. This specific susceptibility of GT1–7 cells was also confirmed with a primary-passaged isolate that was not completely adapted to the new host species. Characterization of the mechanisms of the specific susceptibility of GT1–7 cells to isolates with a long incubation time may lead to a greater understanding of the differences among prion strains.
Reduction of variation in T-cell subset enumeration among 55 laboratories using single-platform, three or four-color flow cytometry based on CD45 and SSC-based gating of lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND Enumeration of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets provides relevant information for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with cellular immunodeficiencies. As a result, an external quality assurance scheme was implemented in Belgium, The Netherlands, and Luxembourg in 1995. A workshop was held to train the participants in state-of-the art technology for assessment of absolute T-cell subset counts (i.e., a three or four-color, single-platform assay with lymphocyte gating based on CD45 and sideward light scatter) with the aim to achieve between-site coefficients of variation (CVs) <10% and within-site CVs <5% for > or =75% of the participants. METHODS Three send-outs of stabilized blood from a healthy donor were distributed to 55 laboratories, each with the request to perform the standard assay on three occasions. For comparison, each laboratory performed its local technique in parallel. RESULTS With the standard technique, between-site CVs of approximately 8% (CD3+ T cells), approximately 9% (CD4+ T cells), and approximately 10% (CD8+ T cells) were achieved. Within-site CVs were <5% for 82% (CD3+ T cells) and approximately 70% (CD4+ and CD8+ subsets) of the participants. Local techniques yielded between-site CVs of 13%-17% for CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS The state-of-the-art technology for T-cell subset enumeration was implemented successfully among 55 Belgian-Dutch laboratories and resulted in significant reductions of between-site variation of absolute CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell counts.
#mygoal: Finding Motivations on Twitter

Our everyday language reflects our psychological and cognitive state and effects the states of other individuals. In this contribution we look at the intersection between motivational state and language. We create a set of hashtags, which are annotated for the degree to which they are used by individuals to mark-up language that is indicative of a collection of factors that interact with an individual’s motivational state. We look for tags that reflect a goal mention, reward, or a perception of control. Finally, we present results for a language-model based classifier which is able to predict the presence of one of these factors in a tweet with between 69\% and 80\% accuracy on a balanced testing set. Our approach suggests that hashtags can be used to understand, not just the language of topics, but the deeper psychological and social meaning of a tweet.
Two signal models in innate immunity

Summary: Two‐signal models have a rich history in immunology. In the classic two‐signal model of T‐cell activation, signal one consists of engagement of the T‐cell receptor by antigen/major histocompatibility complex, whereas signal two arises from costimulatory ligands on antigen‐presenting cells. A requirement for two independent signals helps to ensure that T‐cell responses are initiated only in response to bona fide infectious threats. Our studies have led us to conclude that initiation of innate immune responses to pathogens also often requires two signals: signal one is initiated by a microbe‐derived ligand, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or flagellin, whereas signal two conveys additional contextual information that often accompanies infectious microbes. Although signal one alone is sufficient to initiate many innate responses, certain responses—particularly ones with the potential for self‐damage—require two signals for activation. Many of our studies have employed the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila, which has been established as a valuable model for understanding innate immune responses. In this review, we discuss how the innate immune system integrates multiple signals to generate an effective response to L. pneumophila and other bacterial pathogens.
Word Meaning among Congenitally Blind Children

Ten totally and congenitally blind children ages 3 through 9, and 10 sighted children of matching age, sex and socioeconomic status were interviewed following a prescribed format. Responses were obtained to lexical semantic tasks focusing on verbal descriptions of common objects, and the two groups’ responses were compared regarding the type, quantity, and quality of attributes they assigned to the objects. The implications of these data pertain to the effects of the absence of vision on children's understanding of common words and on communication between blind and sighted individuals.
Targeted gene replacement in Drosophila via P element-induced gap repair

Transposable elements of the P family in Drosophila are thought to transpose by a cut-and-paste process that leaves a double-strand gap. The repair of such gaps resulted in the transfer of up to several kilobase pairs of information from a homologous template sequence to the site of P element excision by a process similar to gene conversion. The template was an in vitro-modified sequence that was tested at various genomic positions. Characterization of 123 conversion tracts provided a detailed description of their length and distribution. Most events were continuous conversion tracts that overlapped the P insertion site without concomitant conversion of the template. The average conversion tract was 1379 base pairs, and the distribution of tract lengths fit a simple model of gap enlargement. The conversion events occurred at sufficiently high frequencies to form the basis of an efficient means of directed gene replacement.
A New Temperature Compensation Method for a 2.5 GHz Integrated VCO

Summary: A�2.5�GHzfullyintegratedvoltagecontrolledoscil lator�(VCO)� forwirelessapplicationhasbeendesignedina�0.3 55mCMOS� technology. � Amethodforcompensatingtheeffectof � temperatureonthecarrieroscillationfrequencyha sbeen� presentedinthiswork. � WecomparealsodifferentV COs� topologiesinordertoselectonewithlowphaseno ise,�low� supplysensitivityandlargetuningfrequency. �Good �resultsare� obtainedwithasimpleNMOS�-GmVCO. �Thisproposed� VCO� hasawideoperatingrangefrom� 300� MHzwithagood � linearitybetweentheoutputfrequencyandthecont rolinput� voltage,�withatemperaturecoefficientof�85�ppm/° Cfrom�8 20°Cto�120°Crange. �Thephasenoiseisabout�8135. 2dBc/Hz� at�1MHzfromthecarrierwithapowerconsumptiono f�5mW. �
Acetylated hsp70 and KAP1-mediated Vps34 SUMOylation is required for autophagosome creation in autophagy

Autophagy is a stress-induced catabolic process in which cytoplasmic components, sequestered in double-membrane autophagic vesicles (AVs) or autophagosomes, are delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling [Kroemer G, Mariño G, Levine B (2010) Mol Cell 40(2):280–293]. Activity of the class III phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3K) vacuolar protein-sorting (Vps) 34, bound to coiled-coil moesin-like B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)–interacting protein Beclin-1, is required for phosphoinositide generation, essential for AV formation in autophagy [Cuervo AM (2010) Nat Cell Biol 12(8):735–737]. However, how autophagy-inducing stress regulates Vps34 activity has not been fully elucidated. Our findings demonstrate that autophagy-inducing stress increases intracellular levels of acetylated inducible heat shock protein (hsp) 70, which binds to the Beclin-1–Vps34 complex. Acetylated hsp70 also recruits E3 ligase for SUMOylation, KRAB–ZFP-associated protein 1 (KAP1), inducing Lys840 SUMOylation and increasing Vps34 activity bound to Beclin 1. Knockdown of hsp70 abolished the Beclin-1–Vps34 complex formation, as well as inhibited KAP1 binding to Vps34 and AV formation. Notably, autophagy-inducing stress due to histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment induced AV formation in the wild-type but not hsp70.1/3 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts MEFs. These findings highlight a regulatory mechanism of Vps34 activity, which involves acetylated hsp70 and KAP1-dependent SUMOylation of Vps34 bound to Beclin 1.
Maternal exposure to N-nitrosatable drugs as a risk factor for childhood brain tumours.

BACKGROUND Animal models suggest that compounds containing a nitrosyl group (N-nitroso compounds (NNO)) can act as potent transplacental carcinogens. Many common drug formulations have the potential to undergo nitrosation in vivo. The association between maternal use of nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy and development of brain tumours in the offspring was examined in a SEER-based case-control study. METHODS Maternal exposure to nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy was compared among 361 childhood brain tumour cases and 1083 matched controls recruited through random-digit dialing. RESULTS There was no increase in risk observed for childhood brain tumours overall (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.69-1.94) or for astrocytomas individually (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.50-2.69). A slight elevation in risk was noted for medulloblastomas (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 0.28-7.62) and 'other' tumours (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.56-2.86), however, both estimates were based on small numbers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that no increased risk of childhood brain tumours was associated with maternal exposure to nitrosatable drugs. The study results should be viewed with caution given the imprecision of the point estimates as well as the lack of data on specific timing and dosage of exposure and degree of nitrosatability of drugs taken.
Cell biological and biomechanical evaluation of two different fixation techniques for rotator cuff repair

Our objective was to evaluate the cell biology and biomechanical aspects of the healing process after two different techniques in open rotator cuff surgery – double‐loaded bio‐absorbable suture anchors combined with so‐called arthroscopic Mason–Allen stitches (AAMA) and a trans‐osseous suture technique combined with traditional modified Mason–Allen stitches (SMMA). Thirty‐six mature sheep were randomized into two repair groups. After 6, 12, or 26 weeks, evaluation of the reinsertion site of the infraspinatus tendon was performed. The mechanical load‐to‐failure and stiffness results did not indicate a significant difference between the two groups. After 26 weeks, fibrocartilage was sparse in the AAMA group, whereas the SMMA group showed the most pronounced amount of fibrocartilage. We found no ultrastructural differences in collagen fiber organization between the two groups. The relative expression of collagen type II mRNA in the normal group was 1.11. For the AAMA group, 6 weeks after surgery, the relative expression was 55.47, whereas for the SMMA group it was 1.90. This in vivo study showed that the AAMA group exhibited a tendon‐to‐bone healing process more favorable in its cell biology than that of the traditional SMMA technique. Therefore, the AAMA technique might also be more appropriate for arthroscopic repair.
Multivalued Stability Map of an Injection-Locked Semiconductor Laser

We present a novel and detailed analysis of the locking range and the stability map for side-mode injection-locked in-plane semiconductor multimode lasers. By including the usually neglected unlocked modes in our model, we predict a multivalued locking range and stability map for this type of lasers. We also explain and relate, the previously noticed slave laser bistability phenomenon with the multivalued character of the locking range and stability map, and experimentally validate our findings. Moreover, we find that the unstable operating region, commonly found in literature by stability analysis of the injection-locked mode alone, is actually much smaller.
Estimated daily intake and safety of FD&C food-colour additives in the US population

ABSTRACT A refined exposure assessment was undertaken to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the seven FD&C straight-colour additives and five FD&C colour lakes (‘synthetic’ food colours) approved in the United States. The EDIs were calculated for the US population as a whole and specific age groups, including children aged 2–5 and 6–12 years, adolescents aged 13–18 years, and adults aged 19 or more y. Actual use data were collected from an industry survey of companies that are users of these colour additives in a variety of products, with additional input from food colour manufacturers. Food-consumption data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The assessment was further refined by adjusting the intake to more realistic scenarios based on the fraction of products containing colour within specific food categories using data provided by the Mintel International Group Ltd. The results of the analysis indicate that (1) the use levels reported by the industry are consistent with the concentrations measured analytically by the US Food and Drug Administration; and (2) exposure to food-colour additives in the United States by average and high-intake consumers is well below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of each colour additive as published by the Joint WHO/FAO Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and allows wide margins of safety. It is concluded that food colour use as currently practised in the United States is safe and does not result in excessive exposure to the population, even at conservative ranges of food consumption and levels of use.