Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING A SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM TO ADDRESS AGGRESSION IN YOUNG MEN WITH INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

A social skills training program to address aggression in young men with intellectual developmental disabilities was developed and evaluated for this study. Participants in the research study were three young men with a diagnosis of mild intellectual developmental disabilities who lived in a community-based residential program. Anger-management techniques and social skills were taught utilizing a multiple baseline across skills for each of the participants. Skills were individually taught in anger-producing scenarios in the men’s environment. Teaching the skills involved stating rationales for the skill steps, modeling, and practicing the skills using role-play situations. A chaining procedure for each skill step was used to program for success. The results were that all three of the young men were able to perform the targeted skills at 100% criterion in role-play situations.
The effects of participation in service-learning on adolescents with disabilities

Abstract This article examines the effects of active participation in service-learning on adolescents with disabilities. Through a survey of special education teachers, effects on students' socialization, behavior, attitudes, attendance, academic skills, functional skills, and relationships with non-disabled peers are explored. Promising results are found for adolescents with mild disabilities in attendance and academic skills, and for adolescents with moderate to profound disabilities in socialization and relationships with non-disabled peers. Implications for school inclusion of students with disabilities are addressed and recommendations for areas of future study are made.
Opinion Change as a Function of Communication-Attitude Discrepancy

These experiments were designed to ascertain the relation between extent of change of opinions and the degree of discrepancy. A curvilinear relation was observed in questionnaire data from 107 Ss, i.e., smaller and larger discrepancies had less effect than medium size discrepancies for communications on several different issues and on judgments of autokinetic movement.
Exploring the self-directed anger of the stigmatized

Does social identification protect or harm targets of discrimination? Two studies (N = 52, N = 94) tested the prediction that perceived legitimacy moderates the impact of social identification on negative responses to discrimination. Results confirm that when discrimination is perceived as illegitimate, identification is negatively related to self-directed anger (buffering effect) because identification provides a feeling of in-group support. However, when discrimination is perceived as legitimate, identification is positively related to self-directed anger (exacerbating effect) because the internalized social identity is perceived as legitimate target for the negative treatment. Legitimacy is measured and manipulated among different low-status groups. The legitimization and internalization of discrimination driven by self-directed anger are discussed.
Motherhood and Resilience among Rwandan Genocide-Rape Survivors

Anthropological scholarship on motherhood offers frameworks for studying the everyday lives of mothers to reveal a deeper understanding of what mothering means and how motherhood relates to broader sociocultural forms. Theory emerging from psychological anthropology explores the interplay of resilience and suffering in contexts of extreme adversity. Bringing together these bodies of work, this article engages with a lacuna in the scholarship and examines how motherhood shapes women's resilience among Rwandan genocide-rape survivors. We elucidate how motherhood opened them to new forms of sociality in the context of postgenocide Rwanda. Maternal desire gave rise to a motherhood assemblage that fostered diverse modes of resilience, created the potential for new life possibilities, and placed limitations on opportunities. Our findings suggest that emotional experience is crucial to resilience among Rwandan genocide-rape survivors who are mothers and point to future directions for research and health promotion among populations affected by conflict-related sexual violence.
Towards a Sociological Understanding of Mental Well-Being among the Unemployed: The Role of Economic and Psychosocial Factors

Classic research on unemployment and mental health has focused on the functions of employment. These functions are considered to be of equal importance for all unemployed. A critique of this perspective has been that it views the unemployed as passive and homogeneous. Instead, an agency approach has been suggested, which focuses on the individual goals of the unemployed. This paper develops and tests a model for understanding the differentiated mental consequences of unemployment, which on a theoretical level integrates both the structural restrictions of the unemployment situation and the agency of the individual. The model is based on previous findings which indicate that mental well-being is dependent on the economic need for employment, on the one hand, and on the psychosocial need for employment, on the other hand. The model integrates both these aspects and the results show that the combined effect is of central importance for the differentiated mental well-being of the unemployed. The analysis is based on a longitudinal survey of 3,500 randomly selected, unemployed Swedes.
Differential evolution with multiple strategies for solving CEC2011 real-world numerical optimization problems

Over the last two decades, many Differential Evolution (DE) strategies have been introduced for solving Optimization Problems. Due to the variability of the characteristics in optimization problems, no single DE algorithm performs consistently over a range of problems. In this paper, for a better coverage of problem characteristics, we introduce a DE algorithm framework that uses multiple search operators in each generation. The appropriate mix of the search operators, for any given problem, is determined adaptively. The proposed algorithm has been applied to solve the set of real world numerical optimization problems introduced for a special session of CEC2011.
Robust Image-Adaptive Data Hiding : Modeling , Source Coding and Channel Coding ∗

This paper provides a summary of our work over the past two years on robust, high-volume data hiding in images. We first present a basic framework for imageadaptive hiding, which allows selection of the coefficients in which to hide, and employs powerful “turbo-like” erasures and errors codes in a novel manner to prevent desynchronization of encoder and decoder due to selective embedding. This coding framework provides robustness against a variety of attacks, including compression, tampering and moderate resizing. Next, we provide a joint source-channel coding scheme for image-in-image hiding, in which the quality of the recovered signature image is better if the attack is milder. This is achieved by hybrid digital-analog hiding. Finally, we present preliminary results on hiding techniques that survive printing and scanning. The techniques are devised after experimental modeling of the print-scan channel.
Domain Knowledge and Analogic Reasoning Ability as Predictors of Expository Text Comprehension

In this investigation, we analyzed the role domain knowledge, analogic reasoning ability, and interactive knowledge play in the comprehension of scientific exposition. Data from three experiments involving sixth graders, high-school students, and college undergraduates are examined via regression and discriminant analysis procedures. The dependent variables in these analyses were student scores on expository passages on topics in human biology/immunology each prepared in two versions: with and without supporting analogy. The independent variables were subjects' performance on: (a) multiple-choice tests of human biology/immunology terminology (domain knowledge test), (b) figural analogy items from the Advanced Progressive Matrices (analogic reasoning test), and (c) A:B::C:? analogy problems composed of human biology/human immunology terms (interactive knowledge test). Results showed that the variables predicting performance on the nonanalogic and analogic versions and the variables discriminating between above-average and below-average performers differed across the grade levels with less integration of content knowledge and analogic reasoning ability occurring for college students. Implications of these results for theory and practice are discussed.
Microarray-Based Analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus σB Regulon

ABSTRACT Microarray-based analysis of the transcriptional profiles of the genetically distinct Staphylococcus aureus strains COL, GP268, and Newman indicate that a total of 251 open reading frames (ORFs) are influenced by σB activity. While σB was found to positively control 198 genes by a factor of ≥2 in at least two of the three genetic lineages analyzed, 53 ORFs were repressed in the presence of σB. Gene products that were found to be influenced by σB are putatively involved in all manner of cellular processes, including cell envelope biosynthesis and turnover, intermediary metabolism, and signaling pathways. Most of the genes and/or operons identified as upregulated by σB were preceded by a nucleotide sequence that resembled the σB consensus promoter sequence of Bacillus subtilis. A conspicuous number of virulence-associated genes were identified as regulated by σB activity, with many adhesins upregulated and prominently represented in this group, while transcription of various exoproteins and toxins were repressed. The data presented here suggest that the σB of S. aureus controls a large regulon and is an important modulator of virulence gene expression that is likely to act conversely to RNAIII, the effector molecule of the agr locus. We propose that this alternative transcription factor may be of importance for the invading pathogen to fine-tune its virulence factor production in response to changing host environments.
Three Logics of Instructional Leadership

Purpose: This study examines conceptions of instructional leadership in the institutional environment. We know that principals’ practices affect student learning and that principals are influenced by ideas in the broader environment. This article examines and defines the multiple conceptions of what it means for principals to be instructional leaders. Research Methods/Approach: This empirical article relies on the methodology of content analysis. Refinements of the conceptions of instructional leadership were done through iterative data collection and analyses cycles. Findings: I define three conceptions of instructional leadership in the institutional environment that I term prevailing, entrepreneurial, and social justice logics. The ubiquitous prevailing logic was broad and flexible without explicit goals or directions for principals as instructional leaders. From this ambiguous conception, the two alternatives highlighted particular practices and backgrounded others. The entrepreneurial conception relied on innovations and mechanisms borrowed from the private sector, including a reliance on data and specific leadership actions. The social justice logic focused on the experiences and inequitable outcomes of marginalized groups, challenging the current “neutral” systems that engender the reproduction of inequity in our schools. Implications for Research and Practice: This study contributes to the field by providing a language that can help specify what “instructional leadership” looks like in practice and conceptions, thus explicating the tacit and ambiguous term. This is important for researchers to understand and explore the impact of the principalship on student achievement, and for principal preparation programs and school districts to assume a common language in expectations, professional development, and evaluation.
Creativity and Sex Composition: An Experimental Illustration

An experiment is reported in which the effect of sex composition on the creativity of brainstorming groups is investigated. It was hypothesized that mixed sex groups would be more creative than either homogeneous male or homogeneous female groups. Fifteen groups, consisting of four members each two males and two females; four females; four males, took part in the experiment. The experimenter noted the number of ideas generated per person, as well as the different associations with these ideas, and the number of different angles from which the task was approached. After finishing the exercise, subjects completed a post-experimental questionnaire. Results show that heterogeneous groups produced more creative outcomes than homogeneous groups. Also, they rated their process more positively. These findings are discussed in relation to the type of task used, and in relation to the general notion that heterogeneous groups are likely to produce more creative outcomes yet suffer from more process problems as compa.
Structural integrity of intramedullary rib fixation using a single bioresorbable screw

BACKGROUND Operative management of flail chest injury is receiving increasing interest. However, we have noticed in our own practice the difficulty in achieving reliable results with posterior rib fracture fixation. In this article, we analyze and model the physiologic forces acting on posterior rib fractures and assess the suitability of an intramedullary screw fixation technique in this site. METHODS Computerized finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model a typical sixth rib and analyze the physiologic forces that act on the rib in vivo. A fracture in the posterior aspect of the rib was incorporated into the model, and an intramedullary screw fixation concept was assessed, using both a bioabsorbable polymer screw and a stainless steel screw. The records of 120 consecutive patients with flail chest were reviewed, and 26 patients were identified as having multiple posterior rib fractures with displacement. These patients formed a clinical correlation group by which to assess the FEA model. RESULTS FEA modeling of the posterior rib fracture showed likely posterior displacement in response to physiologic forces. Review of the 26 patients with flail chest and displaced posterior fractures confirmed the direction of displacement. Modeling of an intramedullary screw fixation showed significant stresses in the bone/screw contact areas (stainless steel solution) and the prosthesis itself (bioabsorbable polymer solution) CONCLUSION This FEA model demonstrates that physiologic forces cause posterior displacement at posterior rib fracture sites. Fixation solutions to counteract these forces need to overcome significant stresses at both the bone/prosthesis contact regions and within the prosthetic material itself. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic/therapeutic study, level V.
Race, Ethnic, and Gender Divides in Juvenile Court Sanctioning and Rehabilitative Intervention

Objectives: Drawing on focal concerns theory, as well as scholarship on the juvenile court’s mandate to consider youth culpability and amenability to treatment, we develop hypotheses that seek to examine whether the court will (1) punish Whites less severely and (2) be more likely to intervene with Whites through rehabilitative intervention and, simultaneously, be more punitive and less rehabilitative with minorities, and, in particular, Black males. Method: Florida juvenile court referral data and multinomial logistic regression analyses are used to examine multicategory disposition and “subdisposition” measures. Results: Findings suggest that minority youth, especially Black males, are not only more likely to receive punitive sanctions, they also are less likely than White youth to receive rehabilitative interventions and instead experience significantly higher rates of dismissals. The analyses indicate that similar racial and ethnic disparities emerge when “subdispositions”—specifically, placement options within diversion and probation—are examined. Conclusions: The results underscore the salience of race, ethnicity, and gender in juvenile court decisions about punitive sanctioning and rehabilitative intervention, as well as the importance of employing multicategory disposition measures that better reflect the range of sanctioning and intervention options available to the court.
Low-Mass Dwarf Template Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present template spectra of low-mass (M0-L0) dwarfs derived from over 4000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra. These composite spectra are suitable for use as medium-resolution (R ∼ 1800) radial velocity standards. We report mean spectral properties (molecular band-head strengths, equivalent widths) and use the templates to investigate the effects of magnetic activity and metallicity on the spectroscopic and photometric properties of low-mass stars.
Comparison in bone turnover markers during early healing of femoral neck fracture and trochanteric fracture in elderly patients

Healing of fractures is different for each bone and bone turnover markers may reflect the fracture healing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristic changes in bone turnover markers during the fracture healing process. The subjects were consecutive patients with femoral neck or trochanteric fracture who underwent surgery and achieved bone union. There were a total of 39 patients, including 33 women and 6 men. There were 18 patients (16 women and 2 men) with femoral neck fracture and 21 patients (17 women and 4 men) with trochanteric fracture. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was measured as a bone formation marker. Urine and serum levels of N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), as well as urine levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), were measured as markers of bone resorption. All bone turnover markers showed similar changes in patients with either type of fracture, but significantly higher levels of both bone formation and resorption markers were observed in trochanteric fracture patients than in neck fracture patients. BAP showed similar levels at one week after surgery and then increased. Bone resorption markers were increased after surgery in patients with either fracture. The markers reached their peak values at three weeks (BAP and urinary NTX), five weeks (serum NTX and DPD), and 2–3 weeks (CTX) after surgery. The increase in bone turnover markers after hip fracture surgery and the subsequent decrease may reflect increased bone formation and remodeling during the healing process. Both fractures had a similar bone turnover marker profile, but the extent of the changes differed between femoral neck and trochanteric fractures.
Going Public

This article contributes to research concerning the determinants of student mobility between public and private schools. The authors analyze a unique set of data collected as part of a new evaluation of Milwaukee’s citywide voucher program. The authors find several important patterns. Students who switch from the private to the public sector were performing lower than their peers on standardized tests in the prior year. African Americans were disproportionately more likely to leave the private sector, as were students in schools serving proportionally more voucher students. The authors argue that although these results indicate that a large voucher program may provide an educational home for some students, it may not provide a long-term solution to those who are among the most disadvantaged.
Thinking Skills and Work Habits: Contributors to Course Performance

Base-level critical thinking, attendance, and notetaking differentially predicted performance measures in a large human development course (N = 292). Multiple-regression analyses showed that critical thinking was the strongest predictor of multiple-choice examination performance but that notetaking was the best predictor of total course performance. Group analyses revealed that high- and low-performing students differed significantly on all predictor variables.
Do Academics’ Personality Traits Contribute to Their Organizational Commitment?

The primary objective of this study was to determine if academics’ personality traits contribute to their organizational commitment. Three hundred and fifty-six academics from mainland China responded to the Organizational Commitment Inventory (OCI) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Having ascertained the reliability and the validity of the relatively new OCI, the study showed that, as expected, extraversion and conscientiousness were the most conducive to adaptive organizational commitment, whereas neuroticism contributed to nonadaptive organizational commitment. Results further suggested that agreeableness was detrimental to almost all types of organizational commitment and that openness, unexpectedly, positively contributed to one type of nonadaptive organizational commitment. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to academics and university senior managers.
N6-methyladenosine demethylase FTO targets pre-mRNAs and regulates alternative splicing and 3′-end processing

Abstract N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant base modification found in messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The discovery of FTO as the first m6A mRNA demethylase established the concept of reversible RNA modification. Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptome-wide analysis of RNA demethylation and uncover FTO as a potent regulator of nuclear mRNA processing events such as alternative splicing and 3΄ end mRNA processing. We show that FTO binds preferentially to pre-mRNAs in intronic regions, in the proximity of alternatively spliced (AS) exons and poly(A) sites. FTO knockout (KO) results in substantial changes in pre-mRNA splicing with prevalence of exon skipping events. The alternative splicing effects of FTO KO anti-correlate with METTL3 knockdown suggesting the involvement of m6A. Besides, deletion of intronic region that contains m6A-linked DRACH motifs partially rescues the FTO KO phenotype in a reporter system. All together, we demonstrate that the splicing effects of FTO are dependent on the catalytic activity in vivo and are mediated by m6A. Our results reveal for the first time the dynamic connection between FTO RNA binding and demethylation activity that influences several mRNA processing events.
Moving Beyond the Anecdotal: Identifying the Need for Evidence‐Based Research in Hospice and Palliative Care

The paucity of research in hospice and palliative care has resulted in the absence of a sound, scientific foundation for clinical practice. Most clinical practice performed in this area has not received systematic evaluation and therefore lacks scientific credibility. Many barriers exist, however, that present unique challenges for research with patients and families who have life-limiting illness. Evaluation of key components for the successful performance of interdisciplinary research and integration in clinical settings are explored.
Glucose Turnover in Compensated Hepatic Cirrhosis

Glucose turnover and recycling from glucose derived 3-carbon intermediates were examined in overnight fasted patients with compensated hepatic cirrhosis and in age- and weight-matched normal control subjects. Fasting blood concentrations of glucose, lactate and glycerol were similar in both groups but blood pyruvate (60 +/- 10 vs. 80 +/- mumol/l, P less than 0.05), blood alanine (0.23 +/- 0.02 vs 0.34 +/- 0.02 mmol/l, P less than 0.01) were decreased and serum insulin increased (19 [13-24]v 7 [4-11] mU/l, P less than 0.01) in cirrhotic subjects. Absolute glucose turnover, assessed by analysis of decay of [3H]-3-glucose specific activity was decreased in cirrhotic patients (8.1 +/- 0.6 v 12.1 +/- 0.7 mol/kg-1 min-1). Glucose "recycling", assessed by the difference between absolute glucose turnover and that given by [14C]-1-glucose data, was normal in cirrhotic patients suggesting that Cori cycle (glucose-lactate-glucose) activity was normal. These data support previous findings of decreased peripheral glucose utilisation and insulin resistance in cirrhotic patients.