Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Model Checking Integrated Planning System (MIPS)

With the Model Checking Integrated Planning System MIPS, model checking has eventually approached classical AI planning. It was the first planning system based on formal verification techniques that turned out to be competitive with the various Graphplanor SAT-based approaches on a broad spectrum of domains. MIPS uses binary decision diagrams (BDDs, introduced by Bryant (1986)) to compactly store and operate on sets of states. More precisely, it applies reduced ordered binary decision diagrams, which we will refer to simply as BDDs for the rest of this article. Its main strength compared to other, similar approaches lies in its precompiling phase, which infers a concise state representation by exhibiting knowledge that is implicit in the description of the planning domain (Edelkamp & Helmert 1999). This representation is then used to carry out an accurate reachability analysis without necessarily encountering exponential explosion of the representation. The original version of MIPS, presented at ECP99, was capable of handling the STRIPS subset of PDDL. It was later extended to handle some important features of ADL, namely domain constants, types, negative preconditions and universally quantified conditional effects. Other extensions include two additional search engines based on heuristics, one incorporating a single-state hillclimbing technique very similar to Hoffmann’s FF, the other one making use of BDD techniques, thus combining heuristic search with symbolic representations. However, as the former does not contribute many new ideas, its merits mainly lying in the combination of Hoffmann’s heuristic estimate with the preprocessing techniques of MIPS, we won’t dwell on it. Neither will we say much about the symbolic heuristic search techniques included in MIPS, namely the BDDA* and Pure BDDA* algorithms, as those were disabled in the AIPS 2000 planning competition in favor of the original MIPS planning algorithm, partly because it turned out to perform better on some domains, partly because it always yields optimal (sequential) plans, which we consider an important property of the planner that counterbalances some of its weaknesses in performance compared to other current planning systems such as FF. Readers interested in those
Hallucinations Predict Attentional Improvements with Rivastigmine in Dementia with Lewy Bodies

The aim of this analysis of the effects of cholinergic therapy in dementia with Lewy bodies was to determine whether rivastigmine-induced benefits in attention and memory could be predicted by the presence of visual hallucinations. At study entry, 74% of patients were hallucinators and 26% were non-hallucinators. The population was analyzed for two-factor scores: power of attention (PoA) and quality of memory (QoM). A significant effect over placebo on PoA was observed in hallucinators at weeks 12 (p = 0.023) and 20 (p = 0.0019), while no treatment effects were seen in non-hallucinators. Significant treatment effects on QoM were not observed in either subgroup. Visual hallucinations predicted greater improvements in PoA, but not QoM. This may reflect the greater cholinergic deficits in areas of the brain responsible for visual hallucinations, offering greater potential for attentional improvement.
Super-Eddington Mechanical Power of an Accreting Black Hole in M83

There Goes the Neighborhood A mass-accreting black hole in steady-state cannot produce more radiative energy than its gravity can counterbalance, achieving what is known as the Eddington limit. However, mass accretion can also be converted into kinetic energy via mechanical outflow. Using x-ray observations, Soria et al. (p. 1330, published online 27 February; see the Perspective by King and the cover) identified a compact shock-ionized radio/optical nebula in spiral galaxy M83, powered by a black hole, inferred that the black hole emits a spherical wind that exceeds the Eddington limit tenfold and succeeded in estimating it's mass in the range of 5 to 15 solar masses. It is possible that rapidly accreting black holes have greater influence on their host galaxy than once appreciated. A stellar-mass black hole shocks its surroundings with kinetic energy in excess of its predicted radiative output. [Also see Perspective by King] Mass accretion onto black holes releases energy in the form of radiation and outflows. Although the radiative flux cannot substantially exceed the Eddington limit, at which the outgoing radiation pressure impedes the inflow of matter, it remains unclear whether the kinetic energy flux is bounded by this same limit. Here, we present the detection of a radio-optical structure, powered by outflows from a non-nuclear black hole. Its accretion disk properties indicate that this black hole is less than 100 solar masses. The optical-infrared line emission implies an average kinetic power of 3 × 1040 erg second–1, higher than the Eddington luminosity of the black hole. These results demonstrate kinetic power exceeding the Eddington limit over a sustained period, which implies greater ability to influence the evolution of the black hole’s environment.
A shear bond strength of resin cements bonded to pressable porcelain with various surface treatments

Statement of problem. Resin cements are widely used in adhesive dentistry specially on all ceramic restorations. It is needed to find out adequate bonding strength between different porcelain surface treatments, commercially available porcelains, and different resin cement systems. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin cements bonded to porcelains in three different modalities; 5 different porcelain surface treatments, 3 different resin cement systems and 3 different commercially available pressable porcelains. Material and Method. This study consisted of 3 parts. Part I examined the effect of five different surface treatments on the pressable porcelain. Fifty discs (5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) of Authentic porcelain were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). The specimens were sanded with 320 grit SiC paper followed by 600 grit SiC paper. The specimens were treated as follow: Group 1-Sandblasting (aluminum oxide) only, Group 2 sandblasting/silane, Group 3 sandblasting/acid etching/silane, Group 4 acid etching only, Group 5 acid etching/silane. Part II examined the shear bond strength of 3 different resin cement systems (Duolink, Variolink II, Rely X ARC) on acid etching/silane treated Authentic pressable porcelain. Part 3 examined the shear bond strength of Duolink resin cement on 3 different pressable porcelains (Authentic, Empress I, Finesse). All cemented specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 hours and tested with Ultradent shear bond strength test jig under Universal Instron machine until fracture. An analysis of variance(ANOVA) test was used to evaluate differences in shear bond strength. Result. The shear bond strength test resulted in the following: (1) Acid etched porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to the sandblasted porcelains. (2) Silane treated porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to non-silane treated porcelains. (3) There was no significant difference between sandblasting/acid etching/silane treated and acid etching/silane treated porcelains. However those values were much higher than other three groups. (4) The shear bond strength with Variolink II was lower than the value of Duolink or Rely X ARC. (5) The shear bond strength of Finesse was lower than the value of Authentic or Empress I.
Does stream flow structure woody riparian vegetation in subtropical catchments?

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to test the relevance of hydrological classification and class differences to the characteristics of woody riparian vegetation in a subtropical landscape in Queensland, Australia. We followed classification procedures of the environmental flow framework ELOHA – Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration. Riparian surveys at 44 sites distributed across five flow classes recorded 191 woody riparian species and 15, 500 individuals. There were differences among flow classes for riparian species richness, total abundance, and abundance of regenerating native trees and shrubs. There were also significant class differences in the occurrence of three common tree species, and 21 indicator species (mostly native taxa) further distinguished the vegetation characteristics of each flow class. We investigated the influence of key drivers of riparian vegetation structure (climate, depth to water table, stream‐specific power, substrate type, degree of hydrologic alteration, and land use) on riparian vegetation. Patterns were explained largely by climate, particularly annual rainfall and temperature. Strong covarying drivers (hydrology and climate) prevented us from isolating the independent influences of these drivers on riparian assemblage structure. The prevalence of species considered typically rheophytic in some flow classes implies a more substantial role for flow in these classes but needs further testing. No relationships were found between land use and riparian vegetation composition and structure. This study demonstrates the relevance of flow classification to the structure of riparian vegetation in a subtropical landscape, and the influence of covarying drivers on riparian patterns. Management of environmental flows to influence riparian vegetation assemblages would likely have most potential in sites dominated by rheophytic species where hydrological influences override other controls. In contrast, where vegetation assemblages are dominated by a diverse array of typical rainforest species, and other factors including broad‐scale climatic gradients and topographic variables have greater influence than hydrology, riparian vegetation is likely to be less responsive to environmental flow management.
An unusual complex cutaneous adnexal tumor composed of syringocystadenoma papilliferum, apocrine hidrocystoma, and clear cell syringoma.

A 56-year-old Taiwanese man presented with an asymptomatic, yellowish nodule measuring 0.9 0.7 cm located on the right cheek, which persisted for 1 year (Figure 1). No other similar lesion was observed on the patient’s face, trunk, or extremities. The patient did not have a history of trauma or insect bite. Three months before the patient presented to our clinic for treatment, he received liquid nitrogen therapy for this nodule on two occasions elsewhere. The patient noticed no change of size, color, or consistency in the lesion after the treatment. No systemic disease was reported. The patient’s family did not have similar lesions. Under the clinical impression of keratoacanthoma, we performed an elliptical excision with a 3-mm margin along the long axis, a 1-mm margin on the short axis, and 5-mm depth to the subcutaneous tissue. Histopathologic examination revealed a tumor composed of syringocystadenoma papilliferum, an underlying apocrine hidrocystoma, and a clear cell syringoma (Figure 2). As the result of the observation of clear cell syringoma, fasting and random plasma glucose levels were examined and revealed levels of 246 and 463 mg/dL, respectively. Therefore, diabetes mellitus was diagnosed. The patient was treated with oral antihyperglycemic medications. No local recurrence of the tumor was observed 10 months after surgery.
Binary translation and architecture convergence issues for IBM system/390

We describe the design issues in an implementation of the ESA/390 architecture based on binary translation to a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor. During binary translation, complex ESA/390 instructions are decomposed into instruction “primitives” which are then scheduled onto a wide-issue machine. The aim is to achieve high instruction level parallelism due to the increased scheduling and optimization opportunities which can be exploited by binary translation software, combined with the efficiency of long instruction word architectures. A further aim is to study the feasibility of a common execution platform for different instruction set architectures, such as ESA/390, RS? 6000, AS/400 and the Java Virtual Machine, so that multiple systems can be built around a common execution platform.
Robust Iterative Learning Control Design: Application to a Robot Manipulator

This paper deals with robust iterative learning control design for uncertain single-input-single-output linear time-invariant systems. The design procedure is based upon solving the robust performance condition using the Youla parameterization and the mu-synthesis approach to obtain a feedback controller. Thereafter, a convergent iterative learning law is obtained by using the performance weighting function involved in the robust performance condition. Experimental results, on a CRS465 robot manipulator, are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Analytical usability evaluation for digital libraries: a case study

There are two main kinds of approach to considering usability of any system: empirical and analytical. Empirical techniques involve testing systems with users, whereas analytical techniques involve usability personnel assessing systems using established theories and methods. We report here on a set of studies in which four different techniques were applied to various digital libraries, focusing on the strengths, limitations and scope of each approach. Two of the techniques, heuristic evaluation and cognitive walkthrough, were applied in text-book fashion, because there was no obvious way to contextualize them to the digital libraries (DL) domain. For the third, claims analysis, it was possible to develop a set of reusable scenarios and personas that relate the approach specifically to DL development. The fourth technique, CASSM, relates explicitly to the DL domain by combining empirical data with an analytical approach. We have found that heuristic evaluation and cognitive walkthrough only address superficial aspects of interface design (but are good for that), whereas claims analysis and CASSM can help identify deeper conceptual difficulties (but demand greater skill of the analyst). However, none fit seamlessly with existing digital library development practices, highlighting an important area for further work to support improved usability.
Approximating the statistics of various properties in randomly weighted graphs

Consider the setting of randomly weighted graphs, namely, graphs whose edge weights are chosen independently according to probability distributions with finite support over the non-negative reals. Under this setting, weighted graph properties such as the diameter, the radius (with respect to a designated vertex), and the weight of a minimum spanning tree become random variables and we are interested in computing their expectation. Unfortunately, this turns out to be #P-hard. In this paper, we define a family of weighted graph properties (that includes the above three) and show that for each property in this family, the problem of computing the kth moment (and in particular, the expectation) of the corresponding random variable admits a fully polynomial-time randomized approximation scheme (FPRAS) for every fixed k.
Dual target search is neither purely simultaneous nor purely successive

Previous research shows that visual search for two different targets is less efficient than search for a single target. Stroud, Menneer, Cave, and Donnelly concluded that two target colours are represented separately based on modelling the fixation patterns. Although those analyses provide evidence for two separate target representations, they do not show whether participants search simultaneously for both targets, or first search for one target and then the other. Some studies suggest that multiple target representations are simultaneously active, while others indicate that search can be voluntarily simultaneous, or switching, or a mixture of both. Stroud et al.’s participants were not explicitly instructed to use any particular strategy. These data were revisited to determine which strategy was employed. Each fixated item was categorised according to whether its colour was more similar to one target or the other. Once an item similar to one target is fixated, the next fixated item is more likely to be similar to that target than the other, showing that at a given moment during search, one target is generally favoured. However, the search for one target is not completed before search for the other begins. Instead, there are often short runs of one or two fixations to distractors similar to one target, with each run followed by a switch to the other target. Thus, the results suggest that one target is more highly weighted than the other at any given time, but not to the extent that search is purely successive.
Fibrin Generation in Normal Pregnancy

Both clinical and laboratory findings suggest that pregnancy constitutes a hypercoagulable condition; yet none of the observed laboratory changes are specific for thrombosis. An essential step involves thrombin-mediated fibrin generation. In the process, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) is cleaved from fibrinogen. Using a radioimmune assay, FPA was determined prospectively in a longitudinal and cross-sectional fashion. Fibrinopeptide A increased significantly over control by the end of the first trimester, from 1.3 ng/ml to 2.8 ng/ml. It continued to increase until 30 to 32 weeks' gestation and then plateaued at 4.3 to 4.7 ng/ml. In the immediate postpartum period, FPA remains elevated. In conclusion, thrombin generation as reflected in FPA production is increased throughout pregnancy, thus confirming a hypercoagulable milieu.
Dietary inulin affects the expression of intestinal enterocyte iron transporters, receptors and storage protein and alters the microbiota in the pig intestine

Inulin, a linear β fructan, is present in a variety of plants including chicory root and wheat. It exhibits prebiotic properties and has been shown to enhance mineral absorption and increase beneficial bacteria in the colon. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of dietary inulin on the gene expression of selected intestinal Fe transporters and binding proteins. Anaemic piglets at age 5 weeks were allocated to a standard maize–soya diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with inulin at a level of 4 %. After 6 weeks, the animals were killed and caecum contents and sections of the duodenum and colon were removed. Segments of the genes encoding for the pig divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and duodenal cytochrome-b reductase (Dcytb) were isolated and sequenced. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of DMT1, Dcytb, ferroportin, ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR) and mucin genes. DMT1, Dcytb, ferroportin, ferritin and TfR mRNA levels in duodenal samples were significantly higher in the inulin group (P ≤ 0·05) compared with the control. In colon, DMT1, TfR and ferritin mRNA levels significantly increased in the inulin group. Additionally, the caecal content microflora was examined using 16S rDNA targeted probes from bacterial DNA. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations were significantly increased in the inulin group (P ≤ 0·05) compared with the control group. These results indicate that dietary inulin might trigger an up regulation of genes encoding for Fe transporters in the enterocyte. The specific mechanism for this effect remains to be elucidated.
The different clinical and liver pathological characteristics between the newborns and infants with choledochal cysts.

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to investigate the different clinical presentations of newborns and older infants with choledochal cysts, and their liver pathological changes. METHODS The medical records of patients who were diagnosed with choledochal cysts younger than 1 year old at our hospital from March 1991 through November 2006 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: the newborn group, who presented before 1 month old including those antenatally diagnosed patients; and the infant group, who presented at 1 month to 12 months old. All of the patients' clinical data, including the operative, pathological reports and outcomes were studied and analyzed using the Chi-square and student-t tests. RESULTS There were 35 patients included in the study. According to the Todani's classification, 74.2% of choledochal cysts were type I. Using Chi-square and student-t tests, the infant group had significantly higher pre-operative morbidity, abnormal levels of serum transaminase, gamma trans-peptide (gamma-GT), and grade of liver fibrosis (>or=grade 2) (p<0.05). The post operative complications were not statistically significant between newborn and infant groups. CONCLUSION Both groups had favorable outcomes after surgical intervention. We suggest that surgical.
Sexual function and satisfaction among heterosexual and sexual minority U.S. adults: A cross-sectional survey

Background Despite known health disparities for sexual minorities, few studies have described sexual function by sexual orientation using a robust approach to measurement of sexual function. We compared recent sexual function and satisfaction by sexual orientation among English-speaking US adults. Methods and findings Cross-sectional surveys were administered by KnowledgePanel® (GfK), an online panel that uses address-based probability sampling and is representative of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population. Data were collected in 2013 from the general population (n = 3314, 35% response rate) and in 2014 from self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults (n = 1011, 50% response rate). Sexual function and satisfaction were measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® Sexual Function and Satisfaction measure version 2.0 (PROMIS SexFS v2). The PROMIS SexFS v2 is a comprehensive, customizable measurement system with evidence for validity in diverse populations. A score of 50 (SD 10) on each domain corresponds to the average for US adults sexually active in the past 30 days. We adjusted all statistics for the complex sample designs and report differences within each sex where the 95% CIs do not overlap, corresponding to p<0.01. Among US men who reported any sexual activity in the past 30 days, there were no differences in erectile function or orgasm-ability. Compared to heterosexual men, sexual minority men reported higher oral dryness and lower orgasm-pleasure and satisfaction. Compared to heterosexual men, gay men reported lower interest, higher anal discomfort and higher oral discomfort. Among sexually active women, there were no differences in the domains of vulvar discomfort-clitoral, orgasm-pleasure, or satisfaction. Compared to heterosexual women, sexual minority women reported higher oral dryness. Lesbian women reported lower vaginal discomfort than other women; lesbian women reported higher lubrication and orgasm-ability than heterosexual women. Bisexual women reported higher interest, higher vulvar discomfort-labial and higher anal discomfort than other women, as well as higher oral discomfort compared to heterosexual women. Conclusions Recent sexual function and satisfaction differed by sexual orientation among US adults. Sexual minority men and women had decrements in domains of sexual function that have not traditionally been included in multi-dimensional self-report measures. Clinicians should make themselves aware of their patients’ sexual concerns and recognize that sexual minority patients may be more vulnerable to certain sexual difficulties than heterosexual patients.