Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural behavioural analysis as a basis for discriminating between genuine and simulated rape allegations

This paper explores the potential utility of structural behavioural analysis as a basis for discriminating between genuine and simulated accounts of rape. Structural analysis examines the coherence of the combination of behaviours in the account based against the co-occurrence of behaviours in genuine accounts. Three analyses compared 142 genuine rape with 30 simulated statements in terms of the base rates of behaviours reported within the statements, and in terms of the behavioural coherence of each statement to an established behavioural structure. Results suggest that genuine statements tend to report a larger total number of behaviours than simulated statements; that pseudo-intimate behaviours are significantly more often reported in genuine statements while some violent behaviours are more frequently reported in simulated statements; and that simulated statements are less behaviourally coherent than genuine statements. We concede the many limitations of the study but argue that results provide tentative evidence that false claimants, not fully appreciating the phenomenological experience of rape, overemphasise the significance of violent and demeaning behaviour whilst underplaying the significance of pseudo-intimate behaviour.
Trans-vaginal anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair using a customized tension-free bell-shaped prolene mesh: A single-center experience with long-term functional analysis

Introduction: The existing literature shows that mesh reinforcement improves the anatomical success rate of cystocele repair. We report the long-term results of a custom bell-shaped mesh with simultaneous urethral support for the repair of cystocele. Materials and Methods: The present study was a single-center, single-surgeon case series of 36 patients. Only patients with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POP-Q) stage 2 and above were included in the study. Patients having rectocele or uterine/vault prolapse were excluded. Body of the mesh was used for reinforcement of the cystocele repair and two limbs were left tension free in the retropubic space. Patients were followed 3 monthly for the first year and yearly thereafter. Recurrence was defined as cystocele ≥stage 2 (Aa or Ba 0) any time after the first follow-up. Results: Mean patient age was 58.5 ± 6.2 years. The mean parity was 3.2 ± 1.6. Of 36 patients, 11 (30.5%) of the patients were POPQ stage 2, 15 (41.7%) were stage 3 and 10 (27.7%) were stage 4 cystocele. The mean follow-up period was 53.4 months, with 32 patients reporting for follow-up till date (88.9%). There was no bladder injury, no mesh erosion or infection. No patient required CIC (clean intermittent catheterization) or had stress urinary incontinence post-operatively at 5 years of follow-up. Conclusion: The bell-shaped mesh is a simple, effective and safe procedure in the surgical management of cystocele with excellent long-term outcome.
Performance Analysis of  $l_0$ Norm Constraint Least Mean Square Algorithm

As one of the recently proposed algorithms for sparse system identification, I0 norm constraint Least Mean Square (io-LMS) algorithm modifies the cost function of the traditional method with a penalty of tap-weight sparsity. The performance of I0-LMS is quite attractive compared with its various precursors. However, there has been no detailed study of its performance. This paper presents comprehensive theoretical performance analysis of I0-LMS for white Gaussian input data based on some reasonable assumptions, which are reasonable in a large range of parameter setting. Expressions for steady-state mean square deviation (MSD) are derived and discussed with respect to algorithm parameters and system sparsity. The parameter selection rule is established for achieving the best performance. Approximated with Taylor series, the instantaneous behavior is also derived. In addition, the relationship between I0-LMS and some previous arts and the sufficient conditions for I0-LMS to accelerate convergence are set up. Finally, all of the theoretical results are compared with simulations and are shown to agree well in a wide range of parameters.
Politeness in Intercultural Email Communication

This chapter argues that politeness is an important component of e-mail language. Many people are uncertain about how to make their e-mail polite according to the norms of the receiving culture. Differ- ent views on the nature of politeness in e-mail can contribute to personal offence and online miscom- munication. As a result, an instrument was designed to assess politeness in e-mail communication. The Tool-Kit, An Instrument to Assess Politeness in Intercultural E-Mail Communication, provides a common ground among e-mail users to discuss and evaluate politeness in English e-mail communication, as well as the metalanguage necessary to reflect on the use of politeness indicators. It also provides clear guidelines to consider politeness protocols. This innovative instrument promotes a practical approach for assessing politeness in e-mail which could then assist the effective online interactions in e-learning methodologies. Its limitations are discussed here, as well as its pedagogical applications for online teaching to second language learners.
Cupid’s Cubicle: Co-Workers’ Reactions to Workplace Romance Characteristics

Workplace romances are commonplace yet widely debated due to organizational policies, roles, and fairness issues. They involve more than just physical attraction and love; promotions, rewards, and access to information may also be shared. Despite such issues, little research has examined reactions to workplace romances. This experimental study examined the impact of power dynamics (hierarchical/ lateral), sexual orientation of romance participants (homosexual/heterosexual), and organizational role of the observer (manager/employee) on reactions. Hierarchical and homosexual (especially lesbian) workplace romances were perceived to have the most negative impact on the work environment. Only managers found heterosexual, lateral romances as problematic. Implications are discussed.
Disentangling Adolescent Substance Use and Problem Use within a Clinical Sample

Studies have sought to disentangle predictors of adolescent substance use versus problem use, yet research has not examined this question in a clinical sample and usually does not control for the effects of consumption level. The authors tested whether psychosocial variables showed direct relations to substance use, and direct, indrect, and interactive relations to use-related negative consequences within a clinical sample of youth. Psychopathology, temperamental disturbances, use motives, expectancies, and socialization influences showed indirect relations to problem use because they were associated with heavy consumption. Psychopathology, expectancies, and socialization influences also related directly to problem use, controlling for consumption level. Psychopathology, temperamental disturbances, use motives, and socialization influences moderated the relation between consumption and problems. Results support the assertion that psychosocial variables are related to problem use above and beyond the simple indirect effect via consumption level.
Assessing anesthetic activity through modulation of the membrane dipole potential

There is great individual variation in response to general anesthetics (GAs) leading to difficulties in optimal dosing and sometimes even accidental awareness during general anesthesia (AAGA). AAGA is a rare, but potentially devastating, complication affecting between 0.1% and 2% of patients undergoing surgery. The development of novel personalized screening techniques to accurately predict a patient’s response to GAs and the risk of AAGA remains an unmet clinical need. In the present study, we demonstrate the principle of using a fluorescent reporter of the membrane dipole potential, di-8-ANEPPs, as a novel method to monitor anesthetic activity using a well-described inducer/noninducer pair. The membrane dipole potential has previously been suggested to contribute a novel mechanism of anesthetic action. We show that the fluorescence ratio of di-8-ANEPPs changed in response to physiological concentrations of the anesthetic, 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (F3), but not the structurally similar noninducer, 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), to artificial membranes and in vitro retinal cell systems. Modulation of the membrane dipole provides an explanation to overcome the limitations associated with the alternative membrane-mediated mechanisms of GA action. Furthermore, by combining this technique with noninvasive retinal imaging technologies, we propose that this technique could provide a novel and noninvasive technique to monitor GA susceptibility and identify patients at risk of AAGA.
Thin Slice Impressions: How Advertising Evaluation Depends on Exposure Duration

This research demonstrates the importance of thin slices of information in ad and brand evaluation, with important implications for advertising research and management. Three controlled experiments, two in the behavioral lab and one in the field, with exposure durations ranging from very brief (100 msec) to very long (30 sec), demonstrate that advertising evaluation critically depends on the duration of ad exposure and on how ads convey which product and brand they promote, but in surprising ways. The experiments show that upfront ads, which instantly convey what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief but also after longer exposure durations. Mystery ads, which suspend conveying what they promote, are evaluated negatively after brief but positively after longer exposure durations. False front ads, which initially convey another identity than what they promote, are evaluated positively after brief exposures but negatively after longer exposure durations. Bayesian mediation analysis demonstrates that the feeling of knowing what the ad promotes accounts for these ad-type effects on evaluation.
A survey of temporal information extraction and language independent features

Since there has been an explosive growth of online documents, the knowledge extraction from natural language texts becomes more important to complement limited human ability. In this paper, we introduce existing methods for temporal information extraction from input texts in two viewpoints. One is the researches about language-independent feature generation. Even though linguistic features have been generally utilized to extract time expressions, we need different features which are independent from language characteristics in order to overcome the boundary of particular language. Another is the researches about temporal information extraction based on the common patterns or knowledge bases. By summarizing and discussing existing researches, we can see the current research direction on this field to help better understanding of the temporal information extraction methods.
MSR System for Entity Linking at TAC 2012

The paper describes the system submitted to TAC 2012 for the English entity linking task of the Knowledge Base Population track. It focuses on the components that are novel with reference to the MSR system that participated in TAC 2011. Three runs were submitted for evaluation, and the best of them achieved the highest B-cubed+ F score of all systems participating in this evaluation (0.730) and the highest disambiguation accuracy (0.766).
Acute Commotio Retinae Determined by Cross-Sectional Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose To demostrate the cross-sectional anatomy in acute commotio retinae. Methods A 27-year-old male with unilateral decreased vision after acute blunt ocular trauma, was examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results Visual acuity was 20/20 OD and 20/50 OS. Fundus examination OS demostrated a mild edema in the papillomacular and foveal area. OCT confirmed a separation of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The thickness of the retina was normal and the contour of the foveola intact. The uncommon hyperreflective band at the outer retina may present the traumatic disruption of photoreceptors. Conclusions In vivo investigations by OCT confirmed previous histological studies, a commotio retinae consists a disruption and fragmentation at the level of the foveal photoreceptor segments and RPE.
Remaining Useful Life Estimation in Rolling Bearings Utilizing Data-Driven Probabilistic E-Support Vectors Regression

We report on a data-driven approach for the remaining useful life (RUL) estimation of rolling element bearings based on ε-Support Vector Regression ( ε-SVR). Lifetime data are analyzed and evaluated. The occurrence of critical faults in every test is located, and a critical operational threshold is established. Multiple statistical features from the time-domain, frequency domain, and time-scale domain through a wavelet transform are extracted from the recordings of two accelerometers, and assessed for their diagnostic performance. Among those features, Wiener entropy is utilized for the first time in the condition monitoring of rolling bearings. A SVR model is trained and tested for the prediction of RUL on unseen data. Special attention is given in the tuning and the optimization of the user-defined hyper-parameters of the e-SVR model. Error bounds are estimated at each prediction point through a Bayesian treatment of the classical SVR model. The results are in good agreement to the actual RUL curve for all the tested cases. Prognostic performance metrics are also provided, and the discussion on the test results concludes with the generic character of the proposed methodology and its applicability in any prognostic task.
2 Evidence for an Infectious Etiology in Alzheimer ’ s Disease

The possibility of an infectious etiology of several chronic diseases, including Alzheimer′s Disease, has long been debated. More than a century ago Alois Alzheimer studied neurological infection with Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, a spirochete later associated with dementia (Noguchi and Moore, 1913). There are many chronic diseases for which there is strong evidence of an infectious etiology (see table 1), and numerous chronic diseases for which there is suspicion of infection as the etiologic agent for that disease (see table 2) (Tables 1 and 2 are adapted from a colloquium sponsored by the American Academy of Microbiology from June 2004). Koch’s postulates, that can, in some cases, provide absolute proof that a particular microorganism causes a particular disease, have been invaluable in the prevention and treatment of many diseases as well as in advancing microbiology. However, the postulates do not hold for most chronic diseases of microbial etiology, particularly those occurring late in life. Furthermore, they do not hold true for those of possible viral etiology, or for those that are multi-factorial in origin. In diseases of relatively old age, microbes acting earlier in life might operate by a “hit-andhide” mechanism, or could over time be present at an extremely low level, so that searches for the organism might not reveal the culprit until long after damage has been initiated. In viral diseases and for those involving unique organisms such as obligate intracellular bacteria (eg, Chlamydia), the postulates requiring isolation and growth in pure culture cannot be met completely as these organisms reproduce only within living cells. In multifactorial diseases, a causative organism might not be readily apparent, as other factors may be more prominent. However, absence of evidence is not proof of absence; in several cases when overwhelming experimental evidence was obtained, the pathogen concept had to be accepted even though it had met with great opposition initially. Two examples, among many, are the involvement of viruses in certain types of cancer such as human papillomavirus in cervical cancer, and of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori in stomach ulcers. Alzheimer′s Disease(AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is considered to be the single most significant cause of dementia in the elderly (Keefover, 1996). There are two major categories of AD, familial and sporadic late-onset. The familial form of AD accounts for approximately 5% of total cases and usually presents in individuals in their 40’s and 50’s. This form of disease is caused by rare mutations in genes associated with β-amyloid
Selective Abortion for Down Syndrome: The Relation Between the Quality of Intergroup Contact, Parenting Expectations, and Willingness to Terminate

This study examines the links between familiarity with individuals with Down syndrome (DS), perceptions of parenting a child with DS, and willingness to consider selective termination subsequent to a fetal diagnosis of DS. Within a sample of childless young adults (N = 280), those reporting personal familiarity indicated both more positive attitudes toward parenting a child with DS and more certainty that they would not abort following a prenatal diagnosis. In further support of contact theory, the quality of the past intergroup interactions moderated these findings. The potential role of negative stereotypes in selective-abortion decision making and implications for prenatal counseling protocols are discussed.
Belief Precision and Effort Incentives in Promotion Contests

The career concerns literature predicts that incentives for effort decline as beliefs about ability become more precise (Holmstrom, 1982, 1999). In contrast, we show that effort can increase with belief precision when agents compete for promotions to better paid jobs that are assigned on the basis of perceived abilities. In this case, an intermediate level of precision provides the strongest incentive for effort, with effort increasing (decreasing) when beliefs are less (more) precise.
Organization outside organizations: the significance of partial organization

It is common practice in organizational research to restrict the concept of organization to formal organizations, and to describe the world outside these entities by such other concepts as institutions or networks. It is argued in this article that the concept of organization can be fruitfully broadened to include some aspects of the order that exists outside and among organizations. A broader concept includes not only complete, formal organization, but also ‘partial organization’. Both types of organization are based on decisions, but whereas complete organizations have access to all elements of organization, partial organization is based on only one or a few of these elements. Like complete organization, partial organization is a common phenomenon that not least characterizes much of the contemporary global order. The authors discuss how partial organization arises, how and why institutions and networks sometimes become organized, and the consequences of organization for change, transparency and accountability.
The effect of inhibitor binding on the structural stability and cooperativity of the HIV‐1 protease

The effects of the peptide inhibitor acetyl pepstatin on the structural stability of the HIV‐1 protease have been measured by high sensitivity calorimetric techniques. At 25°C and pH 3.6, acetyl pepstatin binds to HIV‐1 protease with an affinity of 1.6 × 107 M‐1 and an enthalpy of 7.3 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, indicating that binding is not favored enthalpically and that the favorable Gibbs energy originates from a large positive entropy. Since the binding of acetyl pepstatin is associated with a negative change in heat capacity (−450 cal/K⋅mol) the association reaction becomes enthalpically favored at temperatures higher than 40°C. The presence of the inhibitor stabilizes the dimeric structure of the protease in a fashion that can be quantitatively described by a set of thermodynamic linkage equations. The combination of titration and differential scanning calorimetry provides an accurate way of determining binding constants for high affinity inhibitors that cannot be determined by titration calorimetry alone. A structure‐based thermodynamic analysis of the binding process indicates that the stabilization effect is not distributed uniformly throughout the protease molecule. The binding of the inhibitor selectively stabilizes those conformational states in which the binding site is formed, triggering a redistribution of the state probabilities in the ensemble of conformations populated under native conditions. As a result, the stability constants for individual residues do not exhibit the same change in magnitude upon inhibitor binding. Residues in certain areas of the protein are affected significantly whereas residues in other areas are not affected at all. In particular, inhibitor binding has a significant effect on those regions that define the binding site, especially the flap region which becomes structurally stable as a result of the additional binding free energy. The induced stabilization propagates to regions not in direct contact with the inhibitor, particularly to the strand between residues Pro9 and Ala22 and the helix between Arg87 and Gly94. On the other hand, the stability of the strand between Asp60 and Leu76 is not significantly affected by inhibitor binding. The structural distribution of binding effects define cooperative pathways within the protease molecule. Proteins 1999;36:147–156. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of the S-Locus Region in Arabidopsis Relatives1[C][W]

The S locus, a single polymorphic locus, is responsible for self-incompatibility (SI) in the Brassicaceae family and many related plant families. Despite its importance, our knowledge of S-locus evolution is largely restricted to the causal genes encoding the S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) receptor and S-locus cysteine-rich protein (SCR) ligand of the SI system. Here, we present high-quality sequences of the genomic region of six S-locus haplotypes: Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; one haplotype), Arabidopsis lyrata (four haplotypes), and Capsella rubella (one haplotype). We compared these with reference S-locus haplotypes of the self-compatible Arabidopsis and its SI congener A. lyrata. We subsequently reconstructed the likely genomic organization of the S locus in the most recent common ancestor of Arabidopsis and Capsella. As previously reported, the two SI-determining genes, SCR and SRK, showed a pattern of coevolution. In addition, consistent with previous studies, we found that duplication, gene conversion, and positive selection have been important factors in the evolution of these two genes and appear to contribute to the generation of new recognition specificities. Intriguingly, the inactive pseudo-S-locus haplotype in the self-compatible species C. rubella is likely to be an old S-locus haplotype that only very recently became fixed when C. rubella split off from its SI ancestor, Capsella grandiflora.
On the Origin of Indonesian Cattle

Background Two bovine species contribute to the Indonesian livestock, zebu (Bos indicus) and banteng (Bos javanicus), respectively. Although male hybrid offspring of these species is not fertile, Indonesian cattle breeds are supposed to be of mixed species origin. However, this has not been documented and is so far only supported by preliminary molecular analysis. Methods and Findings Analysis of mitochondrial, Y-chromosomal and microsatellite DNA showed a banteng introgression of 10–16% in Indonesian zebu breeds. East-Javanese Madura and Galekan cattle have higher levels of autosomal banteng introgression (20–30%) and combine a zebu paternal lineage with a predominant (Madura) or even complete (Galekan) maternal banteng origin. Two Madura bulls carried taurine Y-chromosomal haplotypes, presumably of French Limousin origin. In contrast, we did not find evidence for zebu introgression in five populations of the Bali cattle, a domestic form of the banteng. Conclusions Because of their unique species composition Indonesian cattle represent a valuable genetic resource, which potentially may also be exploited in other tropical regions.