Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of nonlocal electron kinetics in a low-pressure inductively coupled plasma.

Two different kinetic calculations have been employed to investigate the processes governing the formation of the electron distribution function (EDF). One approach involves a numerical {open_quote}{open_quote}propagator{close_quote}{close_quote} treatment of time-resolved electron motion in five-dimensional phase space (two spatial and three velocity coordinates) based on the {open_quote}{open_quote}convected scheme{close_quote}{close_quote} (CS). The other one, referred to as the {open_quote}{open_quote}nonlocal{close_quote}{close_quote} approach, uses the difference between momentum and energy relaxation rates of electrons to simplify the Boltzmann equation. For the majority of electrons, the nonlocal approach reduces the kinetic equation for the isotropic part of the EDF to a form that exhibits a resemblance to that for homogeneous plasmas. Both calculations incorporate the principal physical effects in a collisional ICP: electron heating by an inductive electric field and nonlocal electron kinetics in which the electrons rapidly lose momentum but travel long distances before suffering a substantial energy loss in collisions. The collision processes that are important in the discharge include quasielastic and inelastic collisions with heavy particles and electron-electron interactions. A comparison of the results of the two methods validates the assumptions employed in the nonlocal approach for the considered range of discharge conditions. To good accuracy the EDF of the majority of the electrons inmore » the ICP is found to be solely a function of the total (kinetic plus potential) electron energy and to be largely independent of the spatial coordinates. The extent to which this is true, and the circumstances under which it is true, are a major focus of this paper. In a rare gas ICP, as a result of Coulomb collisions between electrons, a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is typically found in the elastic energy range. (Abstract Truncated)« less
ADDENDUM to 0305859 ITWF: Toward Gender Equitable Outcomes in IT Higher Education: Beyond Computer Science

This study will compare IT disciplines—Computer Science, Informatics, Information Science, Information Studies, and Instructional Technology—which we hypothesize are differentially receptive to female students due to differences in academic cultures. Based on female enrollments in those units at our home institution, Indiana University Bloomington, we have prima facie reason to believe that some disciplines are more attractive to female students than others. We selected these disciplines, in part, because we wished to represent a spectrum of "woman friendliness" in the sample, from low (hypothesized: Computer Science) to high (hypothesized: Instructional Technology). However, women's educational experiences in a discipline will not necessarily be positive just because that discipline has more women. Other factors, as identified in previous research on female students in computer science (e.g., Cohoon 2001; Margolis & Fischer 2002), may be equally or more important in creating a "woman friendly" environment. Moreover, such factors—including the availability of administrative support, mentoring programs, and student associations—vary from one institution to another within a single discipline. In order to determine which factors most strongly favor attracting and retaining women students to study IT, the quantitative portion of the analysis will compare the presence or absence of a list of factors (see Table 1 in proposal)—measures of "woman friendliness" as found in previous research—with measures of student retention and success. In interpreting the results, we will relate student outcomes to the degree of "woman friendliness" of the unit, institution and/or discipline, as operationalized in Table 1. Student outcomes are the dependent variable, and environmental factors are the independent variables. This multivariate design will allow correlations to emerge between outcomes and individual environmental factors, as well as allow for broader interpretations in terms of the overall degree of "woman friendliness" of units, institutions and disciplines.
Psychometric properties of the Worker Role Interview.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the psychometric properties of the rating scale of the Worker Role Interview (WRI). The study also asked whether the scale's items formed a valid measure of the construct, psychosocial capacity for work, and whether they were targeted to and could effectively discriminate between persons at different levels of psychosocial ability for work. METHOD OF STUDY Data were collected from 21 raters on 440 participants from the United States, Sweden and Iceland. A many-faceted Rasch model was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Most items of the scale worked effectively to measure the underlying construct for which the WRI was designed. In addition, the items were ordered from least to more of the underlying construct as expected. The scale validly measured 90.23% of the participants, who varied by nationality, culture, age and diagnostic status. The scale's items distinguished participants into approximately three different strata and were appropriately targeted to the participants. Seventeen of the 21 raters used scale in a valid manner. CONCLUSIONS The WRI scale and items are valid across ages, diagnoses, and culture and effectively measure a wide range of persons.
Reproducibility of luteinizing hormone hypersecretion in different phases of the menstrual cycle in polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: We evaluated the reproducibility of an elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) level or elevated LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in different phases of the menstrual cycle in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of cycle days and body mass index on LH levels using different days from menses or withdrawal bleeding.
Study of outcome of late probing in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of nasolacrimal duct probing in children older than two years in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Materials and Methods: A Hospital based prospective interventional study of 20 cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction above 2 years of age was done. A thorough preoperative evaluation was done and diagnosis confirmed by negative Fluorescein dye disappearance. Patients underwent probing under general anaesthesia. Cases were followed up at 1, 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Successful outcome was assessed in terms of absence of watering or discharge and also positive Fluorescein dye disappearance test done at each follow up visit. Data was collected and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: 23 eyes of 20 patients of simple congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in the age group of 2-6 years were included in our study. Lacrimal sac massaging was done previously in 17(85%) cases. 3(15%) patients underwent bilateral probing and 17(85%) unilateral probing. 16(80%) out of 20 patients had successful outcome in terms of resolved symptoms and signs. Conclusion: Late probing can be done as a primary intervention in children above 2 years of age with successful outcome instead of going directly for major procedures like dacrocystorhinostomy.
Connectivity restoration in disjoint wireless sensor networks using limited number of mobile relays

Disjoint Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be reconnected by placing additional relay nodes in the damaged areas. However, in some cases there may not be enough relays to reconnect all the partitions with the sink node. In such a case, some of the relays can exploit their motion capabilities and temporarily act as a mobile data collector (MDC) between partitions providing intermittent connectivity for the nodes sitting in those partitions. Nonetheless, due to increased data latency intermittent connectivity creates, the number of such MDCs need to be minimized. On the other hand, given that the energy resources for an MDC is limited, an upper bound on the travel distance overhead for an MDC needs to be imposed. This paper proposes a relay placement algorithm which guarantees connectivity by maximizing the number of stable connections while meeting the maximum tour constraint on the MDCs. The approach first determines the number and location of relays to restore connectivity by establishing stable links using a Steiner Minimum Tree (SMT) heuristic. Assuming that the number of available relays is less than the needed count, the algorithm determines how many of the available relays need to be stationary and how many of them should act as MDCs. By initially assuming all relays as MDCs, an iterative procedure is followed to reduce the MDC count while meeting the maximum tour length constraint. Specifically, groups of partitions are created and assigned to MDCs for touring. The proposed approach is validated with extensive simulations under a variety of conditions.
Pork Quality is Affected by Early Postmortem Phosphate and Bicarbonate Injection

The ability of sodium polyphosphate (P) to alter postmortem pH declines and pork quality was investi- gated. Hams from electrically stimulated carcasses were injected 18 min postmortem with P or sodium bicarbonate (SB). P and SB reduced (P , 0.001) pH decline and improved (P , 0.05) color. P and SB administration improved water-holding capacity as indicated by reductions (P , 0.05) in drip loss, thaw loss, and cooking loss values. P and SB also reduced (P , 0.001) shear values. These data showed delivery of P and SB was effective in altering postmor-
Prostate and seminal vesicles after irradiation: MR appearance

Familiarity with the morphologic changes in the prostate and seminal vesicles (SV) after pelvic irradiation is important to the correct interpretation of follow‐up magnetic resonance (MR) studies. A retrospective study of 38 patients with prostatic or other pelvic tumors treated with radiation showed that 31.6% had a normal prostatic zonal pattern (peripheral zone hyper‐intense to central gland) on T2‐weighted images, and 7.9% showed reversal of the zonal pattern; among the rest, the entire gland was diffusely isointense to fat in 42.1%, hypointense to fat in 10.5%, and hyperintense to fat in 7.9%. Sixty‐three percent of the SV had a normal appearance, 21% had fewer tubules but normal signal intensity (SI), 8% had diffuse loss of SI (hypointense to fat), and 8% were hypointense to muscle. Quantitative measurements of SI of the prostate and SV demonstrated a statistically significant lower mean value for the irradiated patients relative to 10 control patients. A decrease in the size of both the prostate and SV was observed in 33% of patients with baseline studies. Use of additional treatment modalities in patients with prostatic carcinoma appeared to correlate with increased likelihood of developing abnormal changes. The authors conclude that in the irradiated patient, the prostate and SV can develop several patterns of SI abnormalities; in particular, diffuse low SI in the prostate and SV should establish radiation fibrosis as an important differential diagnosis to consider.
Export Potential and Its Determinants among the Chinese Regions

China enjoyed unprecedented economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s. Accompanied this growth was the rapid expansion of export among the Chinese regions. How have the regions exploited their potential in exports? What are the determinants of export performance? Those are some of the questions addressed in this paper. The insights gained in this study should have important policy implications for China’s regional development, in particular the development of the western regions.
Autoencoding HRTFS for DNN Based HRTF Personalization Using Anthropometric Features

We proposed a deep neural network (DNN) based approach to synthesize the magnitude of personalized head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) using anthropometric features of the user. To mitigate the over-fitting problem when training dataset is not very large, we built an autoencoder for dimensional reduction and establishing a crucial feature set to represent the raw HRTFs. Then we combined the decoder part of the autoencoder with a smaller DNN to synthesize the magnitude HRTFs. In this way, the complexity of the neural networks was greatly reduced to prevent unstable results with large variance due to overfitting. The proposed approach was compared with a baseline DNN model with no autoencoder. The log-spectral distortion (LSD) metric was used to evaluate the performance. Experiment results show that the proposed approach can reduce LSD of estimated HRTFs with greater stability.
Associations of reallocating sitting time into standing or stepping with glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity: a cross-sectional analysis of adults at risk of type 2 diabetes

Objective To quantify associations between sitting time and glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity by considering reallocation of time into standing or stepping. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Leicestershire, UK, 2013. Participants Adults aged 30–75 years at high risk of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) or type 2 diabetes. 435 adults (age 66.8±7.4 years; 61.7% male; 89.2% white European) were included. Methods Participants wore an activPAL3 monitor 24 hours/day for 7 days to capture time spent sitting, standing and stepping. Fasting and 2-hour postchallenge glucose and insulin were assessed; insulin sensitivity was calculated by Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Secretion (HOMA-IS) and Matsuda-Insulin Sensitivity Index (Matsuda-ISI). Isotemporal substitution regression modelling was used to quantify associations of substituting 30 min of waking sitting time (accumulated in prolonged (≥30 min) or short (<30 min) bouts) for standing or stepping on glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity. Interaction terms were fitted to assess whether the associations with measures of glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity was modified by sex or IGR status. Results After adjustment for confounders, including waist circumference, reallocation of prolonged sitting to short sitting time and to standing was associated with 4% lower fasting insulin and 4% higher HOMA-IS; reallocation of prolonged sitting to standing was also associated with a 5% higher Matsuda-ISI. Reallocation to stepping was associated with 5% lower 2-hour glucose, 7% lower fasting insulin, 13% lower 2-hour insulin and a 9% and 16% higher HOMA-IS and Matsuda-ISI, respectively. Reallocation of short sitting time to stepping was associated with 5% and 10% lower 2-hour glucose and 2-hour insulin and 12% higher Matsuda-ISI. Results were not modified by IGR status or sex. Conclusions Reallocating a small amount of short or prolonged sitting time with standing or stepping may improve 2-hour glucose, fasting and 2-hour insulin and insulin sensitivity. Findings should be confirmed through prospective and intervention research. Trial registration number ISRCTN31392913, Post-results.
Identifying composite crosscutting concerns through semi‐supervised learning

Aspect mining improves the modularity of legacy software systems through identifying their underlying crosscutting concerns (CCs). However, a realistic CC is a composite one that consists of CC seeds and relative program elements, which makes it a great challenge to identify a composite CC. In this paper, inspired by the state‐of‐the‐art information retrieval techniques, we model this problem as a semi‐supervised learning problem. First, the link analysis technique is adopted to generate CC seeds. Second, we construct a coupling graph, which indicates the relationship between CC seeds. Then, we adopt community detection technique to generate groups of CC seeds as constraints for semi‐supervised learning, which can guide the clustering process. Furthermore, we propose a semi‐supervised graph clustering approach named constrained authority‐shift clustering to identify composite CCs. Two measurements, namely, similarity and connectivity, are defined and seeded graph is generated for clustering program elements. We evaluate constrained authority‐shift clustering on numerous software systems including large‐scale distributed software system. The experimental results demonstrate that our semi‐supervised learning is more effective in detecting composite CCs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHANGING CLINICAL PROFILE OF ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER AND RHEUMATIC RECURRENCE.

BACKGROUND Clinical profile of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic recurrence seems to have changed in countries where rheumatic fever is still endemic. The objectives of this study were to compare clinical profile and outcome of patients suffering initial and recurrent episodes of acute rheumatic fever in children. METHODS This prospective study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals from January to June 2011. The diagnosis was based on the modified Jones criteria. Sixty children were included in the study, 15 having first episode of rheumatic fever and 45 with rheumatic recurrence. The severity of carditis was assessed by Clinical and echocardiography means: RESULTS Carditis was the commonest presentation in both first (80%) and recurrent attacks (100%). Arthritis was seen in 60% of children with first episode and in 26.7% with recurrence. The frequency of subcutaneous nodules, invariably associated with carditis, was very high (33.3% in the first and 48.3% in recurrent episodes). Carditis was generally mild during first episode (53.3%) and severe with rheumatic recurrence (55.6%). There was no death in either group. One patient with severe mitral regurgitation and rheumatic recurrence underwent mitral valve repair for intractable heart failure. CONCLUSION Clinical profile of rheumatic recurrence and acute rheumatic fever has changed. Rheumatic recurrence is associated with severe carditis. Carditis is more common than arthritis even in the first attack. Sub-cutaneous nodules are a frequent finding invariably associated with carditis.
Graph Aggregation : Application to Social Networks

In the enterprise context, people need to exploit and mainly visualize different types of interactions between heterogeneous objects. Graph model seems to be the most appropriate way to represent those interactions. However, the graphs extracted have in general a huge size which makes it difficult to analyze and visualize. An aggregation step is needed to have more understandable graphs in order to allow users discovering underlying information and hidden relationships between entities. In this work, we propose new measures to evaluate the quality of summaries based on an existing algorithm named k-SNAP that produces a summarized graph according to user-selected node attributes and relationships.
Developmental changes in attention: the effects of endogenous cueing and of distractors

We used two reaction time tasks to examine age differences in the ability to use an endogenous cue to shift attention covertly and to ignore distractors. In Experiment 1, 8-year-olds, 10-year-olds and adults (n = 24 per age) were asked to push a button as soon as they detected a target that was presented in a cued, miscued or non-cued peripheral location at 100, 400 or 800 ms after the appearance of a central cue. In Experiment 2, 10-year-olds and adults (n = 24 per age) were asked to indicate which of two shapes appeared in the periphery 400 ms after a central cue, with those shapes surrounded by compatible or incompatible distractors. Unlike previous studies, the data were corrected for a reaction time bias that can inflate the apparent effect of cueing. Children were slower and more variable than adults overall. However, there were no age differences in the effects of the cues in either experiment: at all ages, the speed of responding was increased similarly by correct cueing and slowed similarly by incorrect cueing. Thus, under these conditions, the ability to use endogenous cues to orient covertly to the periphery is already adult-like by 8–10 years of age, although there may be subsequent changes in the consistency of responding. In Experiment 2, 10-year-olds were slowed more than adults by incompatible distractors. Thus, the ability to ignore distracting information is not adult-like even by 10 years of age. The findings suggest different rates of development for the ability to shift attention following an endogenous cue and for the ability to filter out irrelevant information.
Single Trial Predictors for Gating Motor-Imagery Brain-Computer Interfaces Based on Sensorimotor Rhythm and Visual Evoked Potentials

For brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that utilize visual cues to direct the user, the neural signals extracted by the computer are representative of ongoing processes, visual evoked responses, and voluntary modulation. We proposed to use three brain signatures for predicting success on a single trial of a BCI task. The first two features, the amplitude and phase of the pre-trial mu amplitude, were chosen as a correlate for cortical excitability. The remaining feature, related to the visually evoked response to the cue, served as a possible measure of fixation and attention to the task. Of these three features, mu rhythm amplitude over the central electrodes at the time of cue presentation and to a lesser extent the single trial visual evoked response were correlated with the success on the subsequent imagery task. Despite the potential for gating trials using these features, an offline gating simulation was limited in its ability to produce an increase in device throughput. This discrepancy highlights a distinction between the identification of predictive features, and the use of this knowledge in an online BCI. Using such a system, we cannot assume that the user will respond similarly when faced with a scenario where feedback is altered by trials that are gated on a regular basis. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using individualized, pre-task neural signatures for personalized, and asynchronous (self-paced) BCI applications, although these effects need to be quantified in a real-time adaptive scenario in a future study.
Methodologies to Determine Operating Reserves Due to Increased Wind Power

Power systems with high wind penetration experience increased variability and uncertainty, such that determination of the required additional operating reserve is attracting a significant amount of attention and research. This paper presents methods used in recent wind integration analyses and operating practice, with key results that compare different methods or data. Wind integration analysis over the past several years has shown that wind variability need not be seen as a contingency event. The impact of wind will be seen in the reserves for nonevent operation (normal operation dealing with deviations from schedules). Wind power will also result in some events of larger variability and large forecast errors that could be categorized as slow events. The level of operating reserve that is induced by wind is not constant during all hours of the year, so that dynamic allocation of reserves will reduce the amount of reserves needed in the system for most hours. The paper concludes with recent emerging trends.