Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of Two Extracts of the Plant Species Euphorbia dendroides L.

Background: These days, the desire for naturally occurring antioxidants has significantly increased, especially for use in foodstuffs, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products, to replace synthetic antioxidants that are regularly constrained due to their carcinogenicity. Methods: The study in hand aimed to appraise the antioxidant effect of two Euphorbia dendroides extracts using reducing power, anti-peroxidation, and DPPH (1,1 Diphenyl 2 Pycril Hydrazil) scavenging essays, in addition to the anticancer activity against two tumor cell lines, namely C6 (rat brain tumor)cells, and Hela (human uterus carcinoma)cell lines. Results: The results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited antiradical activity of 29.49%, higher than that of n-butanol extract (18.06%) at 100 µg/mL but much lower than that of gallic acid (78.21%). The ethyl acetate extract exhibits better reducing capacity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity compared to n-butanol extract but less than all tested standards. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract was found to have an antiproliferative activity of more than 5-FU (5-fluoro-Uracil) against C6 cells at 250 µg/mL with IC50 and IC75 of 113.97, 119.49 µg/mL, respectively, and good cytotoxic activity against the Hela cell lines at the same concentration. The HPLC-TOF-MS (high performance liquid chromatography-Time-of-flight-Mass Spectrometry) analyses exposed the presence of various compounds, among which Gallic and Chlorogenic acids functioned as major compounds. Conclusions: The two extracts exhibited moderate anticancer abilities and behaved somewhat as average antioxidant agents. Based on the total phenolics and flavonoids contents, as well as HPLC results, it could be concluded that antiproliferative and antioxidant activities depend upon the content of different phenolics and flavonoids.
A Schumpeterian Innovation System in Knowledge Capitalism-System Dynamics with

The purpose of this research is how to locate ‘knowledge’ in the theoretical and institutional framework analyzing modern capitalism and how to analyze the interactions among different kinds of knowledge and their possessors. At first, I show three perspectives of this research. The first is that modern capitalism is the knowledge-based economy. The second is that it is necessary to understand innovation as a system. I integrate those perspectives in my framework of the Marxian-Schumpeterian diagram of economic evolution and consider it in terms of the framework of national innovation systems. Then, I construct the ‘knowledge version’ Marxian-Schumpeterian diagram as now analytical framework. I investigate a useful method of analyzing knowledge capitalism. I propose my analytical framework for using an analytical tool of system dynamics modelling. Thirdly, I put my system dynamics model in practice with STELLA, so this part is the most essential part of my research. In particular, STELLA is available to express the interactions of heterogeneous agents with different knowledge in one industrial sector and among related industrial sectors. In conclusion, I summarize this research in three points; (1) In this research, I examined how to analyze modern knowledge capitalism with mainly two considerations. The bases of my approach should be required a process * This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15K03380. 1 The first draft version is published as one of Discussion Paper Series of Faculty of Economics and Management, Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University. Discussion Paper No. 27, “Schumpeterian Innovation System in Knowledge Capitalism,” 15th February, 2016. This first version was prepared as a proceeding for International Seminar on Political Economy in Toyama, Japan (15th-16th February, 2016). http://econ.w3. kanazawa-u.ac. jp/research/bulletin.html
Novel targeting using nanoparticles: an approach to the development of an effective anti-leishmanial drug-delivery system

The study reported here aimed to develop an optimized nanoparticle delivery system for amphotericin B (AmpB) using a polyelectrolyte complexation technique. For this, two oppositely charged polymers presenting anti-leishmanial activity – chitosan (Cs) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) – were used: Cs as a positively charged polymer and ChS as a negatively charged polymer. The chitosan (NQ) nanoparticles, chitosan-chondroitin sulfate (NQC) nanoparticles, and chitosan-chondroitin sulfate-amphotericin B (NQC-AmpB) nanoparticles presented a mean particle size of 79, 104, and 136 nm, respectively; and a polydispersity index of 0.2. The measured zeta potential of the nanoparticles indicated a positive charge in their surface, while scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical nanoparticles with a smooth surface. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed an electrostatic interaction between the polymers, whereas the release profile of AmpB from the NQC-AmpB nanoparticles showed a controlled release. In addition, the Cs; ChS; and NQ, NQC, and NQC-AmpB nanoparticles proved to be effective against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania chagasi, with a synergistic effect observed between Cs and ChS. Moreover, the applied NQ, NQC, and NQC-AmpB compounds demonstrated low toxicity in murine macrophages, as well as null hemolytic activity in type O+ human red blood cells. Pure AmpB demonstrated high toxicity in the macrophages. The results show that cells infected with L. amazonensis and later treated with Cs, ChS, NQ, NQC, NQC-AmpB nanoparticles, or pure AmpB presented with a significant reduction in parasite number in the order of 24%, 31%, 55%, 66%, 90%, and 89%, respectively. The data presented indicate that the engineered NQC-AmpB nanoparticles could potentially be used as an alternative therapy to treat leishmaniasis, mainly due its low toxicity to mammals’ cells.
Validation of the Comfort scale for relatives of people in critical states of health 1

Abstract Objective: this methodological study aims to present the construct validity of the Comfort scale for family members of people in a critical state of health (ECONF). Method: this is a methodological study. The sample was made up of 274 family members of adults receiving inpatient treatment in six Intensive Care Units (ICU) in the State of Bahía responded to 62 items distributed in 7 dimensions. The validation procedures adopted were based on the techniques of the Classical Test Theory. Results: the analysis of dimensionality was undertaken through principal components analysis, a scale being obtained with 55 items distributed in four factors: Safety, Support, Family member-relative interaction and Integration with oneself and the everyday. The analysis of the items' , discriminative power, undertaken by the item-total correlation-coefficient showed a good relationship of the items with their respective factors. From the ECONF's reliability test, from the analysis of internal consistency, a raised Alpha Cronbach coefficient was obtained for the 4 factors and the general measurement. Conclusion: the comfort scale presented satisfactory psychometric parameters, thus constituting the first valid instrument for evaluating the comfort of family members of people in a critical state of health. The advance made by the study lies in its theoretical framework on comfort, and provides the health team with a scale based on empirical evidence.
Fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm

Background Non-fatal self-harm frequently leads to non-fatal repetition and sometimes to suicide. We need to quantify these two outcomes of self-harm to help us to develop and test effective interventions. Aims To estimate rates of fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm. Method A systematic review of published follow-up data, from observational and experimental studies. Four electronic databases were searched and 90 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results Eighty per cent of studies found were undertaken in Europe, over one-third in the UK. Median proportions for repetition 1 year later were: 16% non-fatal and 2% fatal; after more than 9 years, around 7% of patients had died by suicide. The UK studies found particularly low rates of subsequent suicide. Conclusions After 1 year, non-fatal repetition rates are around 15%. The strong connection between self-harm and later suicide lies somewhere between 0.5% and 2% after 1 year and above 5% after 9 years. Suicide risk among self-harm patients is hundreds of times higher than in the general population.
Functional outcome 10 years after traumatic brain injury: Its relationship with demographic, injury severity, and cognitive and emotional status

Previous investigations of long-term outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have yielded mixed results regarding the predictive power of injury severity and demographic factors. Furthermore, there has been limited investigation of the association between long-term outcome and current cognitive functioning and psychiatric state. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of injury severity, demographic factors, and concurrent cognitive and psychiatric functioning with functional outcome 10 years following mild to severe TBI. Outcome was rated using the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) for 60 participants, who also completed neuropsychological measures of attention, speed of processing, memory and executive function and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Outcome on the GOSE ranged from upper good recovery (32%) to lower severe disability (2%). Participants showing poorer outcome on the GOSE had significantly longer posttraumatic amnesia duration; less education; performed more poorly on cognitive measures of information processing speed, attention, memory, and executive function; and showed higher levels of anxiety on the HADS. (JINS, 2008, 14, 233–242.)
Modeling of NBTI Kinetics in RMG Si and SiGe FinFETs, Part-I: DC Stress and Recovery

An ultrafast (10-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> delay) measurement technique is used to characterize the negative bias temperature instability-induced threshold voltage shift (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in replacement metal gate-based high-K metal gate Si and SiGe p-FinFETs. The dc stress-recovery <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> time kinetics, voltage acceleration factor (VAF), and temperature activation energy (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are compared for different germanium percentages (Ge%) in the channel and nitrogen percentages (N%) in the gate-stack. A comprehensive physical model framework based on uncorrelated contributions from the generation of interface (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm {IT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and bulk oxide (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm {OT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) traps and hole trapping in preexisting defects (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\mathrm {HT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is used to explain the measured data. The impact of Ge% and N% on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, VAF, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, temperature (T) dependence of VAF, and stress bias (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\mathrm {GSTR}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) dependence of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are quantified. The interface trap generation component is independently verified by direct-current <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (DCIV) measurements.
Radiative cooling II: effects of density and metallicity

This work follows Lykins et al. discussion of classic plasma cooling function at low density and solar metallicity. Here we focus on how the cooling function changes over a wide range of density (n_H<10^12 cm^(-3)) and metallicity (Z<30Z _sun ). We find that high densities enhance the ionization of elements such as hydrogen and helium until they reach local thermodynamic equilibrium. By charge transfer, the metallicity changes the ionization of hydrogen when it is partially ionized. We describe the total cooling function as a sum of four parts: those due to H&He, the heavy elements, electron-electron bremsstrahlung and grains. For the first 3 parts, we provide a low-density limit cooling function, a density dependence function, and a metallicity dependence function. These functions are given with numerical tables and analytical fit functions. For grain cooling, we only discuss in ISM case. We then obtain a total cooling function that depends on density, metallicity and temperature. As expected, collisional de-excitation suppresses the heavy elements cooling. Finally, we provide a function giving the electron fraction, which can be used to convert the cooling function into a cooling rate.
Behçet's Disease Complicated with Thrombosis

AbstractTo investigate the clinical features of Behçet's disease (BD) complicated with thrombosis.Medical records of patients with BD at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1993 to 2013 were reviewed to identify thrombosis.Of the 766 patients with BD, 93 patients (16 female and 77 male) developed thrombosis. The most common thrombosis was extremity vein thrombosis (86.0%), including deep vein thrombosis (n = 78) and superficial thrombophlebitis (n = 4). The other thrombosis types associated with BD in descending frequency of order were: vena cava thrombosis (30.1%), pulmonary thromboembolism (15.1%), cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) (12.9%), intracardiac thrombosis (8.6%), Budd–Chiari syndrome (7.5%), and renal vein thrombosis (4.3%), etc. Venous thrombosis is more frequent than arterial thrombosis, and most of patients (94.6%) experienced multiple thrombosis. A male predominance of extremity vein thrombosis and positive pathergy test, and a female predominance of CVT and genital ulcers were noted. All of these patients exhibited active disease during the emergence of thrombotic events. After treating with glucocorticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and/or anticoagulants, the thrombosis resolved in 89 patients. Three patients died from aneurysm rupture, myocardial infarction and Budd–Chiari syndrome, respectively. One patient with septic shock discontinued therapy during follow-up.Thrombosis in BD patients is male predominance, mainly multiple and venous thrombosis is more common. Active disease patients are prone to thrombosis, which suggest the key role of immunosuppressive therapy for the complication.
An acoustic comfort model for dwellers in high-rise built environment in the tropics

Researchers in past few decades investigated on the negative evaluation of the noise environment (i.e. annoyance). Despite of an extensive and rich literature on human noise annoyance experiences, there has been very limited research effort in the investigation of acoustic comfort among residential dwellers. With the technological advancement in many aspects of our living environment in recent years, quality of life issues become prime concern. Acoustic comfort is such a key aspiration of our living environment. Acoustic comforts among high-rise dwellers, especially in the dense urban residential environment in the tropics have not been investigated yet. Since research on acoustic comfort is nascent, there is a quest for a comprehensive evaluation framework and an acoustic comfort model, developed on sound theoretical basis. The current study endeavors to expand the conceptualization of the acoustic comfort among high-rise dwellers in the tropics. A novel acoustic comfort model based on the theory of noise annoyance by Stallen (1999) is proposed in this paper.To evaluate acoustic comfort among the high-rise dwellers in the tropics, a comprehensive noise survey, using stratified sampling technique (based on major environmental noise sources), among 604 households was conceived. Evaluation of acoustic comfort in the high-rise built environment was investigated with respect to major environmental and neighbour noise sources. Perceived acoustic comfort responses were correlated to several acoustical and non-acoustical factors related the indoor noise exposure due to major environmental noise sources. Besides, subjective acoustic comfort responses were also correlated to the perceived neighbour noise and associated disturbance. Factor analysis and multiple regressions analysis of the data from the noise survey resulted in the development of an acoustic comfort model which demonstrates that acoustic comfort is dependent on the perception of noisiness and associated perceived disturbance by major environmental noise sources in the highrise residential environment in the tropics. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was then used to investigate the relationships between variables that influence acoustic comfort.
Herbivore-Triggered Electrophysiological Reactions: Candidates for Systemic Signals in Higher Plants and the Challenge of Their Identification1

Feeding caterpillars trigger various types of electrophysiological reactions with diverse voltage patterns that are specific for plant species. In stressed plants, electrophysiological reactions (elRs) are presumed to contribute to long-distance intercellular communication between distant plant parts. Because of the focus on abiotic stress-induced elRs in recent decades, biotic stress-triggered elRs have been widely ignored. It is likely that the challenge to identify the particular elR types (action potential [AP], variation potential, and system potential [SP]) was responsible for this course of action. Thus, this survey focused on insect larva feeding (Spodoptera littoralis and Manduca sexta) that triggers distant APs, variation potentials, and SPs in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species (Hordeum vulgare, Vicia faba, and Nicotiana tabacum). APs were detected only after feeding on the stem/culm, whereas SPs were observed systemically following damage to both stem/culm and leaves. This was attributed to the unequal vascular innervation of the plant and a selective electrophysiological connectivity of the plant tissue. However, striking variations in voltage patterns were detected for each elR type. Further analyses (also in Brassica napus and Cucurbita maxima) employing complementary electrophysiological approaches in response to different stimuli revealed various reasons for these voltage pattern variations: an intrinsic plasticity of elRs, a plant-specific signature of elRs, a specific influence of the applied (a)biotic trigger, the impact of the technical approach, and/or the experimental setup. As a consequence, voltage pattern variations, which are not irregular but rather common, need to be included in electrophysiological signaling analysis. Due to their widespread occurrence, systemic propagation, and respective triggers, elRs should be considered as candidates for long-distance communication in higher plants.
Cognitive profiles of older adults with a prior traumatic brain injury versus healthy controls: A meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine cognitive outcomes in older adults (≥ 50 years old) having sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) using meta-analysis. Methods: MedLine and PsycInfo databases were searched to identify studies comparing neuropsychological profiles in older adults with and without a history of TBI across various injury severities and times post-injury. Ten studies (n = 717) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Tests were divided into functional modalities and average effect sizes were calculated across studies on a test-by-test basis. Results: Older adults post-TBI performed worse than the non-TBI group on all cognitive outcomes evaluated (d = -0.34 to -0.75), with naming and vocabulary having the largest effect, M -0.75 (95% CI, -0.98 to -0.52). Conclusions: TBI in older adults leads to moderate deficits on all measured cognitive abilities, with the largest effects observed in naming and vocabulary abilities. The findings pertain broadly to TBI of mixed injury severities and times post-injury, although the majority of participants sustained TBIs of mild uncomplicated severity within one-year post-injury. Future research must address methodological limitations such as variability in reporting injury information, inconsistency in defining older age, and lack of orthopaedic comparison groups in order to permit more nuanced conclusions for this population.
Gas exchange and yield response to foliar phosphorus application in Phaseolus vulgaris L. under drought

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar Pi application on gas exchange and yield of bean genotypes submitted to a mild water deficit at the pre-flowering stage. In the first experiment, when extra Pi (10 g.L-1) was sprayed on leaves during water stress or during recovery, there was no effect on gas exchange or yield in the A320, Carioca and Ouro Negro genotypes. However, net CO2 assimilation (A) of A320 and Ouro Negro was less affected, but not significantly, than Carioca at the end of the stress, when Pi was supplied five days before water deficit. In the second experiment, two different doses of Pi (10 and 20 g.Pi L-1) were sprayed five days before water deficit on the Carioca genotype. During the last three days of the mild water deficit, A values were significantly higher for the Pi20 treatment when compared to the control plants without extra Pi supply. The intrinsic water use efficiency for plants receiving Pi20 was significantly higher than for the other treatments. In addition, seed dry weight per plant was higher for plants receiving Pi20 dose than for plants with Pi10 and its control.
Pediatric melanoma: incidence, treatment, and prognosis

The purpose of this review is to outline recent advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pediatric melanoma. Despite the recent decline in incidence, it continues to be the deadliest form of skin cancer in children and adolescents. Pediatric melanoma presents differently from adult melanoma; thus, the traditional asymmetry, border irregularity, color variegation, diameter >6 mm, and evolution (ABCDE) criteria have been modified to include features unique to pediatric melanoma (amelanotic, bleeding/bump, color uniformity, de novo/any diameter, evolution of mole). Surgical and medical management of pediatric melanoma continues to derive guidelines from adult melanoma treatment. However, more drug trials are being conducted to determine the specific impact of drug combinations on pediatric patients. Alongside medical and surgical treatment, prevention is a central component of battling the incidence, as ultraviolet (UV)-related mutations play a central role in the vast majority of pediatric melanoma cases. Aggressive prevention measures targeting sun safety and tanning bed usage have shown positive sun-safety behavior trends, as well as the potential to decrease melanomas that manifest later in life. As research into the field of pediatric melanoma continues to expand, a prevention paradigm needs to continue on a community-wide level.