Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa SMP dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika pada Materi Pola Barisan Bilangan

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa SMP dalam memecahkan masalah matematika pada materi pola barisan bilangan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 yang memiliki kemampuan matematika tinggi. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik tes, dan pedoman wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1 subjek mampu memperlihatkan tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif 4 atau sangat kreatif, 1 subjek mampu memperlihatkan tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif 3 atau kreatif dan 1 subjek memperlihatkan tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif 1 atau kurang kreatif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dalam jenjang pendidikan yang sama. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan berupa rekomendasi bagi guru untuk mengembangkan strategi inovatif agar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa khususnya pada materi pola barisan bilangan.
Assessment and diagnosis of dementia in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white outpatients.

PURPOSE We examined whether (a) neuropsychological test performance (NP) or (b) informant reports of patients' functional abilities or (c) behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS) predicted dementia diagnoses to different degrees among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). DESIGN AND METHODS Our sample included 444 Hispanic and 444 (randomly selected from 11,081) NHW outpatients diagnosed with normal cognition or dementia at their initial evaluations. We tested for significant ethnic-group differences in dementia diagnosis predictors using NP and the 2 informant reports, covarying for age, sex, and education. RESULTS When using ethnic group-specific norms, NP and functional abilities predicted diagnosis in both groups with no significant differences but BPS was only significant in Hispanics. When using combined ethnic group norms, the only major difference was that BPS approached but did not meet statistical significance in Hispanics. IMPLICATIONS Clinicians may be aware of the limitations of NP and may thus be informally adjusting their overall impressions of patients' NP among Hispanics and weighing certain tests differentially across ethnic groups when assessing dementia. Though these approaches may be aimed at reducing misdiagnosis, their effectiveness is questionable and they may be driving systematic differences in diagnosis within and across ethnicities. In addition, informant-reported functional abilities may be less sensitive to ethnicity-related influences and represent an important, ethnically neutral area in dementia assessment. The predictive value of informant-reported BPS in the diagnostic process across ethnic groups warrants further attention.
Turning over a new leaf in Colorado: an exploration of legalized recreational marijuana preferences, leisure interests, and leisure motivations in a sample of young adults

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore the cannabis consumption preferences, leisure interests and leisure motivations of cannabis consumers in the context of legalized recreational marijuana in Colorado, USA. Snowball samples were conducted by the distribution of the questionnaire link using the Facebook accounts of four recreational consumers attending university in Colorado to obtain responses from 382 cannabis consumers (mean 21.9 yoa). The questionnaire was composed of consumption preference items and pre-existing measures of the Leisure Interest Measure and Leisure Motivation Scale. Results revealed gender differences in preferences for cultivar and strength of psychoactive effect. The top leisure interest choice of respondents when under the psychoactive effects was social activity/time with friends. Regression testing revealed that stimulus avoidance motivations followed by competence-mastery best predicted preferred psychoactive strength. Competence-mastery motivations best predicted consumption times per week. ANOVA testing revealed that the electronic activity/screen time leisure interest group reported less social motivation and competence-mastery motivation than other leisure interest groups. Considered is that cannabis consumption behaviour may reflect a multi-dimensional leisure experience.
Preparation and Characterization of Montmorillonites Pillared by Cationic Silicon Species

The hydrolysis of 2-(2-trichlorosilylethyl)pyridine (TCSEP) or 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) yields a complex mixture of oligomers, the composition of which is a function of time. 29Si NMR measurements show that the same oligosilsesquioxanes can be obtained from both compounds after prolonged hydrolysis. Ion exchange by montmorillonite with the pillaring solution obtained from TCSEP results in partial intercalation, with a noticeable fraction of the clay exchange sites occupied by protons not by the Si cationic species. Calcination of this pillared clay results in a mixture of phases showing 1.86 or 1.56 nm basal spacings. Pillaring of the same montmorillonite by the solution obtained by partial hydrolysis of APTMS results in a homogeneous solid with a basal spacing of 2 nm, which reduces to 1.65 nm upon calcination above 773 K. The microporous volume (pores < 1 nm) of these Si-clays, determined after calcination at 773 K, 0.15 ml/g for the PILC obtained from TCSEP, and 0.186 ml/g for the PILC obtained from APTMS is comparable to that measured for Al or Zr pillared clays. A better thermal stability is observed for the clay pillared by APTMS, which retains a large microporosity (0.167 ml/g) up to 973 K in air. These Si-pillared clays show a small number of weakly acidic sites and some strongly acidic sites retaining ammonia up to 723 K, which are most likely localized on the clay layers.
Intrinsic Perspectives, Object Feature Binding, and Visual Consciousness

Van der Velde and I agree on two fundamental issues surrounding the vision-related binding problem and recent solutions that have been offered: (1) that tagging theories, such as neuronal synchrony, fail to account for object feature binding in visual consciousness; and (2) that feedforward— feedback processes in the visual cortical hierarchy play a role in generating a feature-unified object of visual consciousness. Van der Velde develops and discusses an important objection to tagging theories that could help to strengthen my critique of neuronal synchrony (and other tagging theories), and then argues that the cognitive subject makes no explanatory contribution to the unity of an object's features in visual consciousness. These issues are discussed in turn. By contrast, van Leeuwen takes a more critical approach to my article. A two-fold response to van Leeuwen is offered: first, the root of his perplexity is uncovered and then some specific objections that he poses to my critique of neuronal synchrony, as a purported solution of the object feature binding problem, are addressed.
Functional Uncoupling of Adenosine A2A Receptors and Reduced Response to Caffeine in Mice Lacking Dopamine D2Receptors

Dopamine D2 receptors (Rs) and adenosine A2ARs are coexpressed on striatopallidal neurons, where they mediate opposing actions. In agreement with the idea that D2Rs tonically inhibit GABA release from these neurons, stimulation-evoked GABA release was significantly greater from striatal/pallidal slices from D2R null mutant (D2R−/−) than from wild-type (D2R+/+) mice. Release from heterozygous (D2R+/−) slices was intermediate. However, contrary to predictions that A2AR effects would be enhanced in D2R-deficient mice, the A2AR agonist CGS 21680 significantly increased GABA release only from D2R+/+ slices. CGS 21680 modulation was observed when D2Rs were antagonized by raclopride, suggesting that an acute absence of D2Rs cannot explain the results. The lack of CGS 21680 modulation in the D2R-deficient mice was also not caused by a compensatory downregulation of A2ARs in the striatum or globus pallidus. However, CGS 21680 significantly stimulated cAMP production only in D2R+/+ striatal/pallidal slices. This functional uncoupling of A2ARs in the D2R-deficient mice was not explained by reduced expression of Gs, Golf, or type VI adenylyl cyclase. Locomotor activity induced by the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine was significantly less pronounced in D2R−/− mice than in D2R+/+ and D2R+/− mice, further supporting the idea that D2Rs are required for caffeine activation. Caffeine increased c-fos only in D2R−/− globus pallidus. The present results show that a targeted disruption of the D2R reduces coupling of A2ARs on striatopallidal neurons and thereby responses to drugs that act on adenosine receptors. They also reinforce the ideas that D2Rs and A2ARs are functionally opposed and that D2R-mediated effects normally predominate.
The relationship between pet attachment, perceived stress and life satisfaction: An online survey

International research on pet ownership has found a wide array of physical, psychological and social benefits as a result of human-animal interaction (HAI) (Beetz, Uvnäs-Moberg, Julius, & Kotrschal, 2012). In spite of South Africa’s declining economic situation, South Africa has a flourishing pet care market (Maharaj, 2017). By gaining literature in South Africa on pet ownership and pet attachment, we can gain greater insight into the nature of this complex relationship. The current study used a quantitative, survey design to investigate whether there is a relationship between pet attachment, perceived stress, and life satisfaction in South African pet owners. It also investigated whether there is a difference in perceived stress and life satisfaction between South African pet owners and non-pet owners. Additional exploratory analyses were conducted to determine if pet attachment, perceived stress, and life satisfaction differed according to age, gender, marital status, and type of pet. As a preliminary step, a pilot study was conducted. The pilot study sample comprised of 59 South African adults. The respondents were mostly white (89.8%), female (55.9%) pet owners (76.3%). The Cronbach’s alphas were calculated for all three standardised questionnaires used in the survey. Both versions of the CCAS, PSS and SWLS were found to have a high degree of internal reliability. Data was collected by means of an online survey, which was distributed using Facebook and electronic mail. The survey included a demographical and pet ownership questionnaire, and three standardised self-report measures, namely the Comfort from Companion Animal Scale (CCAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The main study sample comprised of 3 329 South African adults. The respondents were mostly white (92.7%)), female (86.5%) pet owners (97.7%). Pearson’s correlations and one-way ANOVAS were then used to address the Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Processing missing vowels: Allophonic processing in Japanese

The acoustic realisation of a speech sound varies, often showing allophonic variation triggered by surrounding sounds. Listeners recognise words and sounds well despite such variation, and even make use of allophonic variability in processing. This study reports five experiments on processing of the reduced/unreduced allophonic alternation of Japanese high vowels. The results show that listeners use phonological knowledge of their native language during phoneme processing and word recognition. However, interactions of the phonological and acoustic effects differ in these two processes. A facilitatory phonological effect and an inhibitory acoustic effect cancel one another out in phoneme processing; while in word recognition, the facilitatory phonological effect overrides the inhibitory acoustic effect. Four potential models of the processing of allophonic variation are discussed. The results can be accommodated in two of them, but require additional assumptions or modifications to the models, and primarily support lexical specification of allophonic variability.
Input/output selection for planar tensegrity models

A systematic method of selecting sensors and actuators is produced, efficiently selecting inputs and outputs that guarantee a desired level of performance in the H/sub /spl infin//-norm sense. The method employs an efficiently computable necessary and sufficient existence condition, using an effective search strategy. The search strategy is based on a method to generate all so-called minimal dependent sets. This method is applied to tensegrity structures. Tensegrity structures are a prime example for application of techniques that address structural problems, because they offer a lot of flexibility in choosing actuators/sensors and in choosing their mechanical structure. The selection method is demonstrated with results for a 3 stage planar tensegrity structure where all 26 tendons can be used as control device, be it actuator, sensor, or both, making up 52 devices from which to choose. In our set-up it is easy to require devices to be selected as colocated pairs, and to analyze the performance penalty associated with this restriction. Two performance criteria were explored, one is related to the dynamical stiffness of the structure, the other to vibration isolation. The optimal combinations of sensors and actuators depend on the design specifications and are really different for both performance criteria.
The Dynamic Response of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets to Multiple-Century Climatic Warming

New calculations were performed to investigate the combined response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to a range of climatic warming scenarios over the next millennium. Use was made of fully dynamic 3D thermomechanic ice sheet models, which were coupled to a two-dimensional climate model. The experiments were initialized with simulations over the last two glacial cycles to estimate the present evolution and were subsequently forced with temperature scenarios resulting from greenhouse emission scenarios which assume equivalent CO2 increases of two, four, and eight times the present (1990 A.D.) value by the year 2130 A.D. and a stabilization after that. The calculations brought to light that during the next century (short-term effect), the background evolution trend would dominate the response of the Antarctic ice sheet but would be negligible for the Greenland ice sheet. On that timescale, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets would roughly balance one another for the middle scenario (similar to the IPCC96 IS92a scenario), with respective contributions to the worldwide sea level stand on the order of about 610 cm. On the longer term, however, both ice sheets would contribute positively to the worldwide sea level stand and the most important effect would come from melting on the Greenland ice sheet. Sensitivity experiments highlighted the role of ice dynamics and the height‐massbalance feedback on the results. It was found that ice dynamics cannot be neglected for the Greenland ice sheet, not even on a century timescale, but becomes only important for Antarctica on the longer term. The latter is related to an increased outflow of ice into the ice shelves and to the grounding-line retreat of the west Antarctic ice sheet, which are both found to be sensitive to basal melting below ice shelves and the effective viscosity of the ice shelves. Stretching parameters to their limits yielded a combined maximum rate of sea level rise of 85 cm century21, of which 60 cm would originate from the Greenland ice sheet alone.
Effects of Joint Thickness, Adhesion and Web Shells to the Face Shell Bedded Concrete Masonry Loaded in Compression

Abstract The Australian masonry standard allows either prism tests or correction factors based on the block height and mortar thickness to evaluate masonry compressive strength. The correction factor helps the taller units with conventional 10 mm mortar being not disadvantaged due to size effect. In recent times, 2–4 mm thick, high-adhesive mortars and H blocks with only the mid-web shell are used in masonry construction. H blocks and thinner and higher adhesive mortars have renewed interest of the compression behaviour of hollow concrete masonry and hence is revisited in this paper. This paper presents an experimental study carried out to examine the effects of the thickness of mortar joints, the type of mortar adhesives and the presence of web shells in the hollow concrete masonry prisms under axial compression. A non-contact digital image correlation technique was used to measure the deformation of the prisms and was found adequate for the determination of strain field of the loaded face shells subjected to axial compression. It is found that the absence of end web shells lowers the compressive strength and stiffness of the prisms and the thinner and higher adhesive mortars increase the compressive strength and stiffness, while lowering the Poissons ratio
A lightweight protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are widely used in data acquisition frameworks. Unlike conventional networked devices, wireless sensors run on low power energy sources, and have limited memory buffers, minimal computational complexity, and low processing speeds. As such, the complexities involved with conventional network protocols cannot be realized in wireless sensors. A data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor network should be well aware of sensor limitations. In addition, it should also take into consideration, the unique aspects of applications running over wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a new network protocol, Simple Wireless Sensor Protocol (SWSP) for wireless sensors which provides a reliable data communication between wireless sensors with minimum resource overhead.
Expression of a Cryptic Secondary Sigma Factor Gene Unveils Natural Competence for DNA Transformation in Staphylococcus aureus

It has long been a question whether Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, is able to develop natural competence for transformation by DNA. We previously showed that a novel staphylococcal secondary sigma factor, SigH, was a likely key component for competence development, but the corresponding gene appeared to be cryptic as its expression could not be detected during growth under standard laboratory conditions. Here, we have uncovered two distinct mechanisms allowing activation of SigH production in a minor fraction of the bacterial cell population. The first is a chromosomal gene duplication rearrangement occurring spontaneously at a low frequency [≤10−5], generating expression of a new chimeric sigH gene. The second involves post-transcriptional regulation through an upstream inverted repeat sequence, effectively suppressing expression of the sigH gene. Importantly, we have demonstrated for the first time that S. aureus cells producing active SigH become competent for transformation by plasmid or chromosomal DNA, which requires the expression of SigH-controlled competence genes. Additionally, using DNA from the N315 MRSA strain, we successfully transferred the full length SCCmecII element through natural transformation to a methicillin-sensitive strain, conferring methicillin resistance to the resulting S. aureus transformants. Taken together, we propose a unique model for staphylococcal competence regulation by SigH that could help explain the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer in this important pathogen.
‘Taser, Taser’! Exploring factors associated with police use of Taser in England and Wales

ABSTRACT Police use of Taser in England and Wales has received little academic attention, despite being the topic of much public controversy. Much of our knowledge comes from the United States of America, but these findings are based on a small number of data sets and little testing has been done to see whether such findings apply internationally. This article uses a novel dataset from a police agency in England and Wales, and pilots new covariates, to conduct a multivariate analysis of factors associated with Taser use: the first time such analysis has been conducted outside of North America. This analysis also provides an ideal opportunity to test long-standing theoretical debates about whether police use of force is affected by ‘who the citizen is’, as the conflict approach would predict, or ‘what the citizen does’, in keeping with the consensus tradition. Variables from both the former (namely gender and mental health issues) and the latter category (including presence or use of a weapon) were found to be statistically significant after the inclusion of controls. The results highlight limitations to the application of the American based literature internationally and demonstrate stronger support for consensus than conflict theories. They also highlight that, under certain conditions, it may be appropriate for officers to take civilian characteristics into account when making use of force decisions.
A Non-authoritative Educational Metadata Ontology for Filtering and Recommending Learning Objects

Digital libraries populated with learning objects are becoming popular tools in the creation of instructional technologies. Many current efforts to create standard metadata structures that facilitate the discovery and instructional use of learning objects recommend a single, authoritative metadata record per version of the learning object. However, as we argue in this paper, a single metadata record — particularly one with fields that emphasize knowledge management and technology, while evading instructional issues — provides information insufficient to support instructional utilization decisions. To put learning objects to instructional use, users must examine the individual objects, forfeiting the supposed benefits of the metadata system. As a solution, we propose a system that includes multi-record, non-authoritative metadata focussed on the surrounding instructional context of learning objects.
DC4Cities power planning: sensitivity to renewable energy forecasting errors

Data centers are among the largest and fastest growing consumers of electricity in the world. Furthermore, the rapid growth of digital content, big data, e-commerce, and internet traffic will create the need for an even higher number of DCs. On other side, in spite of the variability of renewable resources, due to characteristic weather fluctuations, the significant progress has been made in the renewable energy generation industry in terms of reducing installation cost and increasing integration into the power grid represents a good motive to tune data center software execution load in such a way that power consumption matches renewable energy availability (about 5%--30% of total DC load can be shifted [20]). This is especially viable in the context of smart cities, where the existence of a demand side management scheme can be assumed. In the context of the European project "DC4Cities", a similar scheme has been developed which consists of two phases. In the first phase, a concrete guidelines on power use for participating consumers to be followed is calculated. In the second phase, the control systems should find using this guidelines the best desired power values in terms of renewable percentage and SLAs. In this paper, an algorithm to calculate the aforementioned concrete guidelines by a component named "Max/Ideal Power Planner", based on smart city goals and renewable power availability forecasts, is proposed. In addition, the robustness of complete control system, particularly the Max/Ideal Power Planner, is estimated by evaluating the impact of renewable forecast accuracy on the scheduling of jobs in the data center via the proposed control system. Two types of errors in renewable forecasting are discussed: constant error and random error.