Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Grief, Depression and Caregiving in Elderly Spouses of the Terminally Ill

This study examined the effects of changes in role function, caregiving tasks, caregiver burden and gratification on symptoms of depression and traumatic grief. Data were derived from rater-administered and self-report questionnaires completed by seventy aged spouses of the terminally ill. The results of multiple regression analyses indicated that the level of caregiver burden was significantly associated with the respondent's level of depression and traumatic grief. Results also indicated that changes in role function, specifically in change in restriction of sports and recreational activities, were associated with the caregiver's level of depression, but not with the caregiver's level of traumatic grief. The number of IADL tasks performed for the critically ill spouse was negatively associated with the caregiver's level of depression (i.e., the fewer IADLs performed for the spouse, the greater severity of depressive symptoms). The number of ADL tasks performed for the spouse or caregiver gratification was not significantly associated with the caregiver's level of either depression or traumatic grief.
Creative and aesthetic responses to picturebooks and fine art

It has long been accepted that one can respond to fine art in a variety of different ways. However, it is only in the last decade or so that picturebooks have been attracting the kind of recognition that they have long deserved as art forms to be considered and responded to both creatively and aesthetically. There is a growing body of research focusing on how we can respond creatively to the illustrations in picturebooks in addition to the picturebooks themselves as art objects. There is also a growing number of author illustrators who use famous works of art as an integral part of the storyline in their picuturebooks. This article describes how one such book, Katie's picture show, was initially used as the stimulus for some reader response work which quickly led onto more in-depth, detailed responses to fine art – Fernando Botero's art in particular. It then goes on to share the oral, written and illustrative responses of some 10 year old children, showing the creative and aesthetic links between picturebooks and fine art.
The Psychosocial Effects of Exercise and Relaxation Classes for Persons Surviving a Stroke

Background. This study was set up to explore unexpected findings emergent from a randomized controlled trial of exercise versus relaxation post-stroke. Purpose. Stroke survivors' experiences of taking part in exercise and relaxation classes were explored. Methods. In-depth, semi-structured interviews carried out with 14 community-dwelling stroke survivors in Edinburgh. The informants previously participated in a randomized exploratory trial of exercise versus relaxation. Findings. The classes motivated participants to take part in other purposeful activities, to continue to practice what they had learned, and/or to attend another class in the community. Class participation also led to an improvement of self-perceived quality of life, specifically, improved confidence, physical ability, psychosocial functioning, and a sense of empowerment. Implications. Taking part in either exercise or relaxation classes after stroke can contribute to improved self-perceived quality of life, improved psychosocial functioning, and improved motivation to take an active role in the recovery process.
Blood buffy coat from Alzheimer's disease patients and their relatives does not transmit spongiform encephalopathy to hamsters

There was a report of spongiform encephalopathy transmitted to Syrian hamsters by intracerebral inoculation with the blood buffy coat of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their unaffected first-degree relatives. We attempted to verify that report, taking measures to reduce the risk of contaminating samples with agents causing spongiform encephalopathies. We obtained blood from 50 subjects, including six patients with familial AD, 21 unaffected first-degree relatives (siblings and offspring) of patients with familial AD, and 20 control subjects. We inoculated the buffy coats intracerebrally into Syrian LVG hamsters, observed them for signs of neurologic disease, examined their brains for neuropathology changes at time of death, and performed serial (blind) passages by inoculating suspensions of all recovered brains into fresh LVG hamsters. We discerned no clinical illness or histopathologic changes resembling experimental spongiform encephalopathy in any hamster inoculated with human buffy coat nor in blind-passage hamsters, nor were the life spans of those hamsters shortened. We conclude that AD is not caused by an agent that transmits spongiform encephalopathy to hamsters.
Link Between Positive Clinician‐Conveyed Expectations of Treatment Effect and Pain Reduction in Knee Osteoarthritis, Mediated by Patient Self‐Efficacy

A prior knee osteoarthritis (OA) trial found that provider‐conveyed expectations for treatment success were associated with pain improvement. We hypothesized this relationship was mediated by patient self‐efficacy, since expectations of improvement may enhance one's ability to control health behaviors, and therefore health. Our aim was to examine whether self‐efficacy was a mediator of the relationship observed in this trial.
Large deviations for self-intersection local times in subcritical dimensions

Let $(X_t,t\geq 0)$ be a simple symmetric random walk on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ and for any $x\in\mathbb{Z}^d$, let $ l_t(x)$ be its local time at site $x$. For any $p>1$, we denote by$ I_t= \sum\limits_{x\in\mathbb{Z}^d} l_t(x)^p $ the p-fold self-intersection local times (SILT). Becker and Konig recently proved a large deviations principle for $I_t$ for all $p>1$ such that $p(d-2/p)<2$. We extend these results to a broader scale of deviations and to the whole subcritical domain $p(d-2)<d$. Moreover, we unify the proofs of the large deviations principle using a method introduced by Castell for the critical case $p(d-2)=d$.
Effect of Dietary Calcium Sources and Levels on Egg Production and Egg Shell Quality of Japanese Quail

The research was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of different levels and sources of calcium on egg production and egg shell quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) up to 23 weeks of age. For that purpose a total number of 108 Japanese quails aged 20 week were fed on diets containing different levels (2.5%, 2.75% and 3.0%) of dietary calcium from different sources eg. Oyster shell, limestone and Calcium premix. They were placed in the experimental cages. Six birds were considered for a replication of each treatment. The birds were reared in clean laying cages an open sided house. The experimental quails were exposed to identical care and management throughout the experimental period. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Eggs were collected twice daily at morning and evening. The number of eggs laid by birds in each replication was recorded daily. The external quality of collected eggs were measured weekly from each treatment and level randomly. No significant difference (p>0.05) in egg weight, shell weight, shell percentage, except egg production and shell thickness was noted due to variation of different levels and calcium sources. But as the birds were getting older calcium premix produced better shell quality than oyster shell and limestone. It was concluded that any of these calcium sources can be considered for laying Japanese quail but calcium premix produces better shell quality at later age. This result also suggested that a level of 2.5% calcium increases egg weight and shell thickness, while 2.75% increases body weight and shell weight and 3% increases egg production and shell percentage.
Women Don't Ask

PREFACE: WhyNegotiation, and Why Now? ix INTRODUCTION: Women Don't Ask 1 CHAPTER ONE: Opportunity Doesn't Always Knock 17 CHAPTER TWO: A Price Higher than Rubies 41 CHAPTER THREE: Nice Girls Don't Ask 62 CHAPTER FOUR: Scaring the Boys 85 CHAPTER FIVE: Fear of Asking 112 CHAPTER SIX: Low Goals and Safe Targets 130 CHAPTER SEVEN: Just So Much and No More 148 CHAPTER EIGHT: The Female Advantage 164 EPILOGUE: Negotiating at Home 180 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 187 NOTES 189 REFERENCES 201 INDEX 217
Who is the Enemy?

This study focuses on the portrayal of Arabs in Israeli news during the beginning of the Palestinian Intifada. At that time, there was only one news television programme in Hebrew - Mabat - which was (and still is) owned by the state. This was the only source of information and images which constructed and represented Israel-Arab relations and legitimized the contemporary power structure. We have found after conducting a content analysis of 54 news broadcasts that coverage presented a negatively biased portrayal of all Arabs. Arabs tend to be underrepresented, unidentified by name or profession and engaged in oppositional activities. The coverage also distinguished the Palestinians from the other Arab groups in ways that tended to undermine or trivialize their struggle. This finding can be best understood in the context of a conflict between two nations where each is trying to draw the boundaries of its own `imagined community'.
Interleukin-6 Receptor rs7529229 T/C Polymorphism Is Associated with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease Phenotype in a Chinese Population

Left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) is a particular severe phenotype of coronary artery disease (CAD) and heritability. Interleukin (IL) may play important roles in the pathogenesis of CAD. Although several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in IL related genes have been evaluated for their roles in inflammatory diseases and CAD predisposition, the investigations between genetic variants and CAD phenotype are limited. We hypothesized that some of these gene SNPs may contribute to LMCAD phenotype susceptibility compared with more peripheral coronary artery disease (MPCAD). In a hospital-based case-only study, we studied IL-1A rs1800587 C/T, IL-1B rs16944 G/A, IL-6 rs1800796 C/G, IL-6R rs7529229 T/C, IL-8 rs4073 T/A, IL-10 rs1800872 A/C, and IL-10 rs1800896 A/G SNPs in 402 LMCAD patients and 804 MPCAD patients in a Chinese population. Genotyping was done using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and ligation detection reaction (LDR) method. When the IL-6R rs7529229 TT homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the CC or TC/CC genotypes were associated with the increased risk for LMCAD (CC vs. TT, adjusted odds ratio(OR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–2.11, p = 0.042; CC + TC vs. TT, adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02–1.69, p = 0.037). None of the other six SNPs achieved any significant differences between LMCAD and MPCAD. The present study suggests that IL-6R rs7529229 T/C functional SNP may contribute to the risk of LMCAD in a Chinese population. However, our results were limited. Validation by a larger study from a more diverse ethnic population is needed.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences the Emotion Paradox in the Aging Brain

This paper reviews age differences in emotion processing and how they may relate to age-related changes in the brain. Compared with younger adults, older adults react less to negative situations, ignore irrelevant negative stimuli better, and remember relatively more positive than negative information. Older adults' ability to insulate their thoughts and emotional reactions from negative situations is likely due to a number of factors, such as being less influenced by interoceptive cues, selecting different emotion regulation strategies, having less age-related decline in prefrontal regions associated with emotional control than in other prefrontal regions, and engaging in emotion regulation strategies as a default mode in their everyday lives. Healthy older adults' avoidance of processing negative stimuli may contribute to their well-maintained emotional well-being. However, when cardiovascular disease leads to additional prefrontal white matter damage, older adults have fewer cognitive control mechanisms available to regulate their emotions, making them more vulnerable to depression. In general, although age-related changes in the brain help shape emotional experience, shifts in preferred strategies and goal priorities are also important influences.
Guilt about first intercourse: an antecedent of sexual dissatisfaction among college women.

Abstract First sexual intercourse is often viewed as a rite of passage to adulthood. While one's initial coital experience may lead to affirmation of self identity, it is disappointing for many, resulting an feelings of guilt and shame. If guilt feelings do emerge, the likelihood of future sexual dissatisfaction is greatly increased. In particular, women with high leuels of sexual guilttend to perceive less sexual arousal, resulting in less enjoyment from their sexual encounters. The purposes of this investigation were to identify those factors crrelated with feeling guilty about first sexual intercourse and to examine the injuence of guilt about first intercourse on current sexual satisfaction. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to never–married collegewomen, with the subsample for this investigation consisting of 570 women. Significant variables correlated with guilt at first sexual intercourse include uncommunicative mother and father figures, overstrict father figures, uncomfortabkness with s.
Promoter Hypermethylation Identifies Progression Risk in Bladder Cancer

Purpose: New methods to accurately predict an individual tumor behavior are urgently required to improve the treatment of cancer. We previously found that promoter hypermethylation can be an accurate predictor of bladder cancer progression, but it is not cancer specific. Here, we investigate a panel of methylated loci in a prospectively collected cohort of bladder tumors to determine whether hypermethylation has a useful role in the management of patients with bladder cancer. Experimental Design: Quantitative methylation-specific PCR was done at 17 gene promoters, suspected to be associated with tumor progression, in 96 malignant and 30 normal urothelial samples. Statistical analysis and artificial intelligence techniques were used to interrogate the results. Results: Using log-rank analysis, five loci were associated with progression to more advanced disease (RASSF1a, E-cadherin, TNFSR25, EDNRB, and APC; P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the overall degree of methylation was more significantly associated with subsequent progression and death (Cox, P = 0.002) than tumor stage (Cox, P = 0.008). Neuro-fuzzy modeling confirmed that these five loci were those most associated with tumor progression. Epigenetic predictive models developed using artificial intelligence techniques identified the presence and timing of tumor progression with 97% specificity and 75% sensitivity. Conclusion: Promoter hypermethylation seems a reliable predictor of tumor progression in bladder cancer. It is associated with aggressive tumors and could be used to identify patients with either superficial disease requiring radical treatment or a low progression risk suitable for less intensive surveillance. Multicenter studies are warranted to validate this marker.
Conceptual and perceptual novelty effects in human medial temporal cortex

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures often respond to stimulus repetition with a reduction in neural activity. Such novelty/familiarity responses reflect the mnemonic consequences of initial stimulus encounter, although the aspects of initial processing that lead to novelty/familiarity responses remain unspecified. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment examined the sensitivity of MTL to changes in the semantic representations/processes engaged across stimulus repetitions. During initial study blocks, words were visually presented, and participants made size, shape, or composition judgments about the named referents. During repeated study blocks, the initial words were visually re‐presented along with novel words, and participants made size judgments for all items. Behaviorally, responses were faster to repeated words in which the same task was performed at initial and repeated exposure (i.e., size→size) relative to repeated words in which the tasks differed (i.e., composition→size and shape→size). fMRI measures revealed activation reductions in left parahippocampal cortex following same‐task and different‐task repetition; numerically, the effect was larger in the same‐task condition. Accordingly, left parahippocampal cortex demonstrates sensitivity to perceptual novelty/familiarity, and it remains unclear whether this region also is sensitive to novelty/familiarity in the conceptual domain. In left perirhinal cortex, a novelty/familiarity effect was observed in the same‐task condition but not in the different‐task condition, thus revealing sensitivity to the degree of semantic overlap across exposures but insensitivity to perceptual repetition of the visual word form. Perirhinal sensitivity to semantic repetition and insensitivity to perceptual repetition suggests that human perirhinal cortex receives conceptual inputs, with perirhinal contributions to declarative memory perhaps partially stemming from its role in processing semantic aspects of experiences. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Impact of Legal Age Discrimination on Women in Professional Occupations

Abstract: This paper describes how anticipated age discrimination in the form of disparate treatment induces behavior that in effect constitutes gender discrimination. Potential employers often exhibit a common pattern of behavior that acts to discriminate against older workers entering a specific workplace. Women, at a decision-making point early in their lives, are aware of this pattern of discrimination. They perceive that it is important for them to establish their careers before they have a family because it will be more difficult for them to enter the work force at a later age and excel at their careers. This anticipated age discrimination disparately impacts women, resulting in gender discrimination.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives: the case for neurosurgery.

OBJECT The goal of this study was to provide data about neurosurgical management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in young women after use of oral contraceptives. METHODS Between 1990 and 2007, the authors treated 15 women (age range 23-45 years) in whom neurosurgical management was used for overt thrombosis of cerebral sinus. All were healthy, with a history of use of oral contraceptives. Severe headache was the most common symptom, followed by motor focal deficits and comatose state. Deep infarcts were located in the thalamic and basal ganglia region in 11 cases. Seven women had associated intracerebral hemorrhage, and 3 had ventricular dilation. Angiographic MR imaging was done in 10 patients, and conventional angiography was done in 7. Genetic analysis of chromosomal abnormalities associated with stroke was done in 5 cases. RESULTS The intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored in all cases. Three patients underwent external ventricular drainage, and 1 had a decompressive craniotomy. All had absence of signal in the cerebral sinus rectus, with associated thrombosis of the transverse sinus in 7 cases. Angiograms were negative for additional vascular malformation. Medical treatment included sodium heparin and mannitol in 9 cases, and enoxaparin in the other 6 patients. Genetic analysis was positive for prothrombin mutation G20210A (factor II variant) in 2 cases. The mean follow-up duration of 53 months demonstrated no neurological deficit in 10 patients, hemiparesis in 3, and severe hemiparesis with aphasia in 1 case. One woman died 5 days after a decompressive craniotomy. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis secondary to oral contraception in young women, including lesions in critical and deep regions, can be treated medically with acceptable morbidity. In spite of this, a subgroup of patients needed basic neurosurgical management of the lesions, including surgical measures for controlling raised ICP.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Compatibility Effects of Huangqin Decoction on the Treatment of Irinotecan-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity Using Untargeted Metabolomics

Huangqin decoction (HQD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used to treat gastrointestinal syndrome in China for thousands of years. Chemotherapy drug irinotecan (CPT-11) is used clinically to treat various kinds of cancers but limited by its side effects, especially delayed diarrhea. Nowadays, HQD has been proved to be effective in attenuating the intestinal toxicity induced by CPT-11. HQD consists of four medicinal herbs including Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Due to its complexity, the role of each herb and the multi-herb synergistic effects of the formula are poorly understood. In order to quantitatively assess the compatibility effects of HQD, mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics studies were performed. The serum metabolic profiles of rats administered with HQD, single S. baicalensis decoction, S. baicalensis-free decoction and baicalin/baicalein combination were compared. A time-dependent trajectory upon principal component analysis was firstly used to visualize the overall differences. Then metabolites deregulation score and relative area under the curve were calculated and used as parameters to quantitatively evaluate the compatibility effects of HQD from the aspect of global metabolic profile and the specifically altered metabolites, respectively. The collective results indicated that S. baicalensis played a crucial role in the therapeutic effect of HQD on irinotecan-induced diarrhea. Both HQD and SS decoction regulated glycine, serine and threonine pathway. This study demonstrated that metabolomics was a promising tool to elucidate the compatibility effects of TCM or combinatorial drugs.
Opportunity and resignation within marginalised students: towards a theorisation of the reproductive and transformative habitus

Drawing on the voices of students, parents and teachers from a secondary school located in a regional area of Australia in a township characterised by its high welfare dependency and Indigenous population, this article explores the tensions between how marginalised students see themselves and how they are seen by their peers, teachers and fellow community members, with reference to Bourdieu's concept of habitus. The article moves towards a theorisation of a reproductive habitus (those who recognise the constraint of social conditions and conditionings and tend to read the future that fits them) and a transformative habitus (those who recognise the capacity for improvisation and tend to generate opportunities for action in the social field). While some teachers appear to be attempting a transformation of students, the article concludes that instead, teachers should value and give voice to who students are, as they identify themselves. They should be more concerned to transform schooling; to provide educational opportunities that transform the life experiences of and open up opportunities for all young people, especially those disadvantaged by poverty and marginalised by difference.