Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Correlates, and Predictors of Insomnia in the US Army prior to Deployment.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, correlates, and predictors of insomnia in US Army personnel prior to deployment. METHODS Cross-sectional cohort design assessing insomnia and other psychosocial variables in active duty service members (n = 4,101), at Fort Hood, Texas, prior to military deployment. Insomnia was defined as an Insomnia Severity Index ≥ 15. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia was 19.9%. Enlisted personnel were five times more likely to report insomnia than officers (odds ratio [OR] = 5.17). Insomnia was higher among American Indian/Alaskan Natives than other groups (ORs = 1.86-2.85). Those in the Insomnia Group were older, had longer military careers, and reported more marriages, children, and military deployments (ds = 0.13-0.34) than the No Insomnia group. The Insomnia Group reported more severe mental health symptoms, more recent stressful life events, greater childhood abuse, and lower levels of trait resilience, social support, and unit cohesion (Cohen ds = 0.27-1.29). After controlling for covariates, the Insomnia Group was more likely to have a history of head injuries and clinically significant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, alcohol use problems, back pain, extremity pain, headaches, and fatigue (ORs = 1.40-3.30). A simultaneous logistic regression found that greater PTSD, depression, fatigue, stressful life events, headaches, anxiety, alcohol use problems, extremity pain, history of head injury, childhood physical neglect, back pain, number of times married, and lower leader support/unit cohesion and tangible social support were statistically significant predictors of insomnia status. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia occurs in about one of five service members prior to a military deployment and is associated with a wide array of psychosocial stressors and mental and physical health problems.
Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Human Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus intermedius Group

ABSTRACT The veterinary pathogens in the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) are increasingly recognized as causes of human infection. Shared features between SIG and Staphylococcus aureus may result in the misidentification of SIG in human clinical cultures. This study examined the clinical and microbiological characteristics of isolates recovered at a tertiary-care academic medical center. From 2013 to 2015, 81 SIG isolates were recovered from 62 patients. Patients were commonly ≥50 years old, diabetic, and/or immunocompromised. Documentation of dog exposure in the electronic medical record was not common. Of the 81 SIG isolates, common sites of isolation included 37 (46%) isolates from wound cultures and 17 (21%) isolates from respiratory specimens. Although less common, 10 (12%) bloodstream infections were documented in 7 unique patients. The majority of SIG (65%) isolates were obtained from polymicrobial cultures. In comparison to S. aureus isolates from the same time period, significant differences were noted in proportion of SIG isolates that were susceptible to doxycycline (74% versus 97%, respectively; P < 0.001), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (65% versus 97%, respectively; P < 0.001), and ciprofloxacin (78% versus 59%, respectively; P < 0.01). Methicillin resistance (MR) was detected in 12 (15%) of 81 SIG isolates. All MR isolates detected by an oxacillin disk diffusion test would have been misclassified as methicillin susceptible using a cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Thus, SIG is recovered from human clinical specimens, and distinction of SIG from S. aureus is critical for the accurate characterization of MR status in these isolates.
Prevention of negative symptom psychopathologies in first-episode schizophrenia: two-year effects of reducing the duration of untreated psychosis.

BACKGROUND The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP)-the time from onset of psychotic symptoms to the start of adequate treatment--is consistently correlated with better course and outcome, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To report the effects of reducing DUP on 2-year course and outcome. DESIGN A total of 281 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of nonorganic, nonaffective psychosis coming to their first treatment during 4 consecutive years were recruited, of which 231 participated in the 2-year follow-up. A comprehensive early detection (ED) system, based on public information campaigns and low-threshold-psychosis-detecting teams, was introduced in 1 health care area (ED area), but not in a comparable area (no-ED area). Both areas ran equivalent 2-year treatment programs. RESULTS First-episode patients from the ED area had a significantly lower DUP, better clinical status, and milder negative symptoms at the start of treatment. There were no differences in treatment received for the first 2 years between the groups. The difference in negative symptoms was maintained at the 1-year follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative component, cognitive component, and depressive component in favor of the ED group at the 2-year follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses gave no indication that these differences were due to confounders. CONCLUSION Reducing the DUP has effects on the course of symptoms and functioning, including negative symptoms, suggesting secondary prevention of the negative psychopathologies in first-episode schizophrenia.
How maternal investment varies with environmental factors and the age and physiological state of wild tsetse Glossina pallidipes and Glossina morsitans morsitans

Theory suggests females should optimize resource allocation across reproductive bouts to maximize lifetime reproduction, balancing current and future reproductive efforts according to physiological state and projected survival and reproduction. Tests of these ideas focus on long-lived vertebrates: few measure age-related reproductive output in iteroparous invertebrates, or partition reserves between those allocated to offspring versus mothers. We investigated how maternal age, and environmental and physiological factors influence reproductive investment in wild tsetse, Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. morsitans morsitans Westwood. Tsetse provide a tractable system to measure reproductive allocation. Females exhibit high maternal investment, producing single, large offspring that rely exclusively on maternal reserves. We find that mothers in better physiological condition and experiencing cooler temperatures produce larger offspring. Pupal size increases significantly but weakly with age. In both species, females with less fat invest proportionately more in offspring. Post-partum fat decreases in flies with badly frayed wings: poor flight capability may limit their feeding efficiency, or they may sacrifice more reserves as a terminal investment. Our results support evidence that offspring size increases with maternal size, investment depends on the environment, and females with lower chances of future reproduction invest more into current offspring. We discuss the implications of maternal effects for predicting vector population responses to environmental change.
Mechanical Rubbing of Blood Clots Using Helical Robots Under Ultrasound Guidance

A simple way to mitigate the potential negative side-effects associated with chemical lysis of a blood clot is to tear its fibrin network via mechanical rubbing using a helical robot. Here, we achieve mechanical rubbing of blood clots under ultrasound guidance and using external magnetic actuation. Position of the helical robot is determined using ultrasound feedback and used to control its motion toward the clot, whereas the volume of the clots is estimated simultaneously using visual feedback. We characterize the shear modulus and ultimate shear strength of the blood clots to predict their removal rate during rubbing. Our <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments show the ability to move the helical robot controllably toward clots using ultrasound feedback with average and maximum errors of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{0.84}\pm \text{0.41}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and 2.15 mm, respectively, and achieve removal rate of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-\text{0.614} \pm \text{0.303}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> mm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/min at room temperature (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{25}}^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C) and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-\text{0.482} \pm \text{0.23}$</tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>/min at body temperature (37 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula>C), under the influence of two rotating dipole fields at frequency of 35 Hz. We also validate the effectiveness of mechanical rubbing by measuring the number of red blood cells and platelets past the clot. Our measurements show that rubbing achieves cell count of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\text{46} \pm \text{10.9}) \times \text{10}^{4}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> cell/ml, whereas the count in the absence of rubbing is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $(\text{2} \pm \text{1.41}) \times \text{10}^{4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> cell/ml, after 40 min.
Tracing the Potential Flow of Consumer Data: A Network Analysis of Prominent Health and Fitness Apps

Background A great deal of consumer data, collected actively through consumer reporting or passively through sensors, is shared among apps. Developers increasingly allow their programs to communicate with other apps, sensors, and Web-based services, which are promoted as features to potential users. However, health apps also routinely pose risks related to information leaks, information manipulation, and loss of information. There has been less investigation into the kinds of user data that developers are likely to collect, and who might have access to it. Objective We sought to describe how consumer data generated from mobile health apps might be distributed and reused. We also aimed to outline risks to individual privacy and security presented by this potential for aggregating and combining user data across apps. Methods We purposively sampled prominent health and fitness apps available in the United States, Canada, and Australia Google Play and iTunes app stores in November 2015. Two independent coders extracted data from app promotional materials on app and developer characteristics, and the developer-reported collection and sharing of user data. We conducted a descriptive analysis of app, developer, and user data collection characteristics. Using structural equivalence analysis, we conducted a network analysis of sampled apps’ self-reported sharing of user-generated data. Results We included 297 unique apps published by 231 individual developers, which requested 58 different permissions (mean 7.95, SD 6.57). We grouped apps into 222 app families on the basis of shared ownership. Analysis of self-reported data sharing revealed a network of 359 app family nodes, with one connected central component of 210 app families (58.5%). Most (143/222, 64.4%) of the sampled app families did not report sharing any data and were therefore isolated from each other and from the core network. Fifteen app families assumed more central network positions as gatekeepers on the shortest paths that data would have to travel between other app families. Conclusions This cross-sectional analysis highlights the possibilities for user data collection and potential paths that data is able to travel among a sample of prominent health and fitness apps. While individual apps may not collect personally identifiable information, app families and the partners with which they share data may be able to aggregate consumer data, thus achieving a much more comprehensive picture of the individual consumer. The organizations behind the centrally connected app families represent diverse industries, including apparel manufacturers and social media platforms that are not traditionally involved in health or fitness. This analysis highlights the potential for anticipated and voluntary but also possibly unanticipated and involuntary sharing of user data, validating privacy and security concerns in mobile health.
Assessing functional status after intensive care unit stay: the Barthel Index and the Katz Index

Objective To assess the functional status of post-ICU patients using the Barthel Index (BI) and the Katz Index (KI) and to assess which is more suitable for this population. Design Retrospective longitudinal study. Setting Public tertiary hospital in São Paulo (Brazil). Participants Patients aged ≥18 years old, admitted to ICU, who were treated with mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥ 24 h and were discharged to ward. Exclusion criteria Inability to answer the BI and the KI; limiting neurological or orthopaedic conditions; ICU stay ≥90 days. Patients transferred to or from other hospitals or who died in the wards were not analysed. Intervention BI and KI were scored pre-ICU and post-ICU and the variation was calculated. Main Outcome Measures BI and KI scores were compared using analysis based on item response theory (IRT), using degree of difficulty and discriminating items as parameters. Results Median age was 52 years old, median APACHE II score was 15. Median ICU stay was 11 days and median MV duration was 4 days. BI variation was 44% and KI variation was 55%. In IRT analysis, BI considered a larger number of items with different levels of difficulty. Conclusion Both the BI and the KI revealed significant deterioration of functional status after ICU discharge. The IRT analysis suggested that the Barthel Index might be a better scale than the Katz Index for the assessment of functional status of patients discharged from ICU, since it presented better discrimination of the ability to carry out the tasks.
A long lifetime passive LED driver with power factor correction

In this paper, a novel single stage passive ac to dc converter is first proposed for LED drivers. No controlled active switch, electrolytic capacitors and auxiliary power supply are required in the proposed LED driver. The advantages of the proposed driver include long lifetime, high efficiency and recyclability. In addition, application of the proposed quasi‐resonant circuit enables one to use much smaller capacitance and inductance for the capacitors and inductor to achieve high power factor and compact size. Theoretical analysis of the proposed LED driver is made, and some design guidelines are provided. Finally, a prototype system of 50‐W rating is constructed. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed LED driver. It can be seen that the proposed driver is robust to variations of input voltage, frequency and output load. The features of low cost, long lifetime, robustness and without EMI problem render the proposed driver a very attractive alternative for outdoor applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are interferon-related biomarkers advantageous for monitoring disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus? A longitudinal benchmark study

Objective To determine the clinical value of six traditional and three IFN-related biomarkers in monitoring disease activity (DA) in SLE. Methods Prospective longitudinal study of IFNα, IFNγ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 (SIGLEC1) vs antibodies against dsDNA (ELISA and Farr radioimmunoassay), dsDNA-complexed nucleosomes (anti-dsDNA-NcX: ELISA), nucleosomes (ANuA: ELISA) and complement C3/C4 for correlation with DA (measured by BILAG 2004 index) in 26 SLE patients (77 visits). Optimal upper and lower longitudinal thresholds for the biomarkers and their accuracies for reflecting clinically relevant changes in DA (flares and remission) were determined by receiver operating characteristic and Youden index analysis. Results Increases in IP-10, SIGLEC1 and ANuA to + 101.6 pg/ml, +5.01 relative mean fluorescence intensity and +16.20 IU/ml above the calculated upper longitudinal threshold significantly reflected lupus flares, with a sensitivity and specificity of 50 and 95% for IP-10, 83 and 90% for SIGLEC1 and 58 and 95% for ANuA. Decreases in anti-dsDNA (ELISA), IFNα and anti-dsDNA (Farr assay) to - 64.7 IU/ml, -16.69 pg/ml and -3.3 IU/ml below lower longitudinal thresholds, respectively, best reflected remission, with sensitivity and specificity of 75 and 95%, 62 and 90%, and 75 and 90%, respectively. Conclusion IP-10, SIGLEC1 and ANuA emerged as advantageous biomarkers for monitoring disease activity. This is the first study in SLE that provides longitudinal biomarker thresholds and test accuracies for SLE flares and remitting disease. In the context of IFN-directed therapies, chemokines and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based IFN biomarkers for monitoring SLE activity should be further studied.
Adapting Robot-Assisted Therapy of Children with Autism and Different Levels of Intellectual Disability: A Preliminary Study

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder that requires personalising the treatment to the personal condition, in particular for individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID), which are the majority of those with ASD. In this paper, we present a preliminary analysis of our on-going research on personalised care for children with ASD and ID. The investigation focuses on integrating a social robot within the standard treatment in which tasks and level of interaction are adapted to the ID level of the individual and follow his progress after the rehabilitation.
Reclassification of the Specialized Metabolite Producer Pseudomonas mesoacidophila ATCC 31433 as a Member of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas mesoacidophila ATCC 31433 is a Gram-negative bacterium, first isolated from Japanese soil samples, that produces the monobactam isosulfazecin and the β-lactam-potentiating bulgecins. To characterize the biosynthetic potential of P. mesoacidophila ATCC 31433, its complete genome was determined using single-molecule real-time DNA sequence analysis. The 7.8-Mb genome comprised four replicons, three chromosomal (each encoding rRNA) and one plasmid. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that P. mesoacidophila ATCC 31433 was misclassified at the time of its deposition and is a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, most closely related to Burkholderia ubonensis. The sequenced genome shows considerable additional biosynthetic potential; known gene clusters for malleilactone, ornibactin, isosulfazecin, alkylhydroxyquinoline, and pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis and several uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters for polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, and other metabolites were identified. Furthermore, P. mesoacidophila ATCC 31433 harbors many genes associated with environmental resilience and antibiotic resistance and was resistant to a range of antibiotics and metal ions. In summary, this bioactive strain should be designated B. cepacia complex strain ATCC 31433, pending further detailed taxonomic characterization. IMPORTANCE This work reports the complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas mesoacidophila ATCC 31433, a known producer of bioactive compounds. Large numbers of both known and novel biosynthetic gene clusters were identified, indicating that P. mesoacidophila ATCC 31433 is an untapped resource for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that P. mesoacidophila ATCC 31433 is in fact a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, most closely related to the species Burkholderia ubonensis. Further investigation of the classification and biosynthetic potential of P. mesoacidophila ATCC 31433 is warranted.
Frequency and Clinicopathologic Features of RUNX1 Mutations in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified

Objectives To evaluate the frequency and clinicopathologic characteristics of RUNX1 mutations, focusing on patients with acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified (AML NOS). Methods Diagnostic samples from 219 patients with AML NOS were analyzed for RUNX1 mutations using standard polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Results Thirty-one RUNX1 mutations were detected in 33 (15.1%) patients. Mutations clustered in the Runt homology (61.3%) and transactivation domains (25.8%). Frameshift mutations were most common (51.6%), followed by missense (41.9%) and nonsense (6.5%) mutations. Patients with RUNX1 mutations had a lower platelet count (P = .013) and shorter relapse-free survival (P = .045) than those without. The presence of RUNX1 and NPM1 or CEBPA mutations was mutually exclusive. A literature review, including our study, showed that patients with RUNX1 mutations were associated with intermediate risk; coexisting mutations such as FLT3-ITD, ASXL1, TET2, and DNMT3A; and a relatively cytogenetic heterogeneity. Conclusions Our findings strengthen previous data concerning RUNX1 mutations in AML and support the notion that RUNX1 mutational status should be integrated into a diagnostic workup of AML, particularly for AML NOS or an intermediate-risk group.
Long-Term Improvements in Chronic Axial Low Back Pain Patients Without Previous Spinal Surgery: A Cohort Analysis of 10-kHz High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation over 36 Months

Objective This prospective, open-label study was designed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of 10-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the treatment of chronic axial low back pain with no history of spinal surgery. Methods Patients with chronic low back pain without previous spinal surgery underwent assessment by a multidisciplinary pain and surgical team to confirm eligibility. After a successful temporary trial of 10-kHz HF-SCS therapy, defined by ≥50% back pain reduction, enrolled subjects underwent permanent system implantation and were followed up for 36 months. Outcome measures consisted of a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and a standard measure of health-related quality of life. Results Twenty-one patients satisfied the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Following a temporary trial, 20 of 21 (95%) subjects were implanted with a pulse generator, and 17 of 20 reached the 36-month time point. From baseline to 36 months, the average VAS pain intensity decreased from 79 ± 12 mm to 10 ± 12 mm, the average ODI score decreased from 53 ± 13 to 19.8 ± 13, and use of opioids decreased from 18 subjects to two subjects. One subject was deceased, unrelated to the study, one subject was explanted due to loss of effectiveness, and one subject was lost to follow-up. Conclusions These results suggest that 10-kHz high-frequency SCS may provide significant, long-term back pain relief, improvement in disability and quality of life, and reduction in opioids for nonsurgical refractory back pain.