Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Membrane-Bound Form of IL-17A Promotes the Growth and Tumorigenicity of Colon Cancer Cells

Interleukin-17A is a member of the IL-17 family, and is known as CTLA8 in the mouse. It is produced by T lymphocytes and NK cells and has proinflammatory roles, inducing cytokine and chemokine production. However, its role in tumor biology remains controversial. We investigated the effects of locally produced IL-17A by transferring the gene encoding it into CT26 colon cancer cells, either in a secretory or a membrane-bound form. Expression of the membrane-bound form on CT26 cells dramatically enhanced their proliferation in vitro. The enhanced growth was shown to be due to an increased rate of cell cycle progression: after synchronizing cells by adding and withdrawing colcemid, the rate of cell cycle progression in the cells expressing the membrane-bound form of IL-17A was much faster than that of the control cells. Both secretory and membrane-bound IL-17A induced the expression of Sca-1 in the cancer cells. When tumor clones were grafted into syngeneic BALB/c mice, the tumor clones expressing the membrane-bound form IL-17A grew rapidly; those expressing the secretory form also grew faster than the wild type CT26 cells, but slower than the clones expressing the membrane-bound form. These results indicate that IL-17A promotes tumorigenicity by enhancing cell cycle progression. This finding should be considered in treating tumors and immune-related diseases.
A WHO JÓL-LÉT KÉRDŐÍV RÖVIDÍTETT (WBI-5) MAGYAR VÁLTOZATÁNAK VALIDÁLÁSA A HUNGAROSTUDY 2002 ORSZÁGOS LAKOSSÁGI EGÉSZSÉGFELMÉRÉS ALAPJÁN

Irasunk a WHO Jol-let Kerdőiv 5 teteles (WBI-5) roviditett magyar verziojanak hazai adaptalasat mutatja be. A merőeszkoz validalasa a Hungarostudy 2002 orszagos lakossagi egeszsegfelmeres alapjan keszult. A vizsgalat 12 668 főre terjedt ki, a minta eletkor, nem es lakohely szerint reprezentalja a felnőtt magyar nepesseget. A validalashoz a Roviditett Beck Depresszio Kerdőivet, a Beck-fele Remenytelenseg Skala harom tetelet, a Korhazi Szorongas es Depresszio Skala szorongas alskalajat (HAS), a roviditett Maastricht Vitalis Kimerult­seg Kerdőivet, a roviditett Stressz es Megkuzdes Kerdőiv Eletcel es Kapcsolatok al­skalajanak 7 kerdeset, valamint az egeszsegi allapot onbecsleset hasznaltuk fel. Az otteteles WHO Al­­talanos Jol-let Skala belső megbizhatosaga kivalo (Cronbach-alfa: 0,85). A me­rőeszkoz ro­talatlan főkomponens-elemzese is megerősitette a kerdőiv homogenitasat. A kerdőiv az elvarasoknak megfelelően kozepesen erős, negativ kapcsolatban allt mind a Roviditett Beck Depresszio Kerdőiv ertekevel, min.
Low Resting Heart Rate as an Unequivocal Risk Factor for Both the Perpetration of and Exposure to Violence.

Low resting heart rate (RHR) has for some time been suspected to be a risk factor for crime and violence. One prior meta-analysis of 40 studies with a combined sample of 5868 individuals documented an association between low RHR and high antisocial and aggressive behavior in child and adolescent samples. But questions remain. Is low RHR also a robust risk factor for adult violence? Does it prospectively predict violence? And what about less serious offenses such as traffic violations? Language: en
Preserving Charge and Oxidation State of Au(III) Ions in an Agent-Functionalized Nanocrystal Model System

Supporting functional molecules on crystal facets is an established technique in nanotechnology. To preserve the original activity of ionic metallorganic agents on a supporting template, conservation of the charge and oxidation state of the active center is indispensable. We present a model system of a metallorganic agent that, indeed, fulfills this design criterion on a technologically relevant metal support with potential impact on Au(III)-porphyrin-functionalized nanoparticles for an improved anticancer-drug delivery. Employing scanning tunneling microscopy and -spectroscopy in combination with photoemission spectroscopy, we clarify at the single-molecule level the underlying mechanisms of this exceptional adsorption mode. It is based on the balance between a high-energy oxidation state and an electrostatic screening-response of the surface (image charge). Modeling with first principles methods reveals submolecular details of the metal–ligand bonding interaction and completes the study by providing an illustrative electrostatic model relevant for ionic metalorganic agent molecules, in general.
Agency and Institutions: The Enabling Role of Individuals’ Social Position

Although early neo-institutional studies did not explicitly tackle the issue of agency, more recent studies about institutional entrepreneurship have brought it to the forefront. Institutional entrepreneur-ship has been presented as a promising way to account for institutional change endogenously. However, this notion faces the paradox of embedded agency. To overcome this paradox, it is necessary to explain under what conditions actors are enabled to act as institutional entrepreneurs. Some neo-institutional theorists have already addressed this issue. Their studies focus mainly on the organizational and organizational field levels of analysis. In this paper, I aim to complement their work by examining under what conditions individuals are more likely to engage in institutional entrepreneurship. By doing so, I take into account the individual level of analysis that neo-institutional theorists often tend to neglect. Relying on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of fields, I propose that individuals’ social position is a key variable in understanding how they are enabled to act as institutional entrepreneurs despite institutional pressures.
Cultural vs Economic Capital: Symbolic Boundaries within the Middle Class

This article concerns an insufficiently studied link in cultural class analysis, namely that between class-structured lifestyle differences and social closure. It employs a modified version of Michèle Lamont’s promising, yet under-theorised approach to the study of symbolic boundaries – the conceptual distinctions made by social actors in categorising people, practices, tastes, attitudes and manners in everyday life. Drawing on 46 qualitative interviews with people from the city of Stavanger, Norway, the analysis focuses particularly on a horizontal boundary-drawing dynamic between middle-class interviewees. It is argued that entanglements of different types of status judgements work both to construct and reinforce social boundaries between class fractions. The findings draw attention to what Pierre Bourdieu has termed the capital composition principle of social differentiation. Though fundamental to Bourdieu’s model of the social space, such systematic intra-class divisions have seldom been discussed in detail in contemporary cultural-stratification research.
Eye contact in children's social interactions: What is normal behaviour?

Most remediation programmes for children with autism include training of eye contact behaviours, yet little data exist regarding levels of gaze behaviours in the social interactions of children without developmental disorders. Three behaviours were conventionally defined: (a) eye gaze, (b) joint attention, and (c) object engagement. Normative data were collected from children aged 5 to 10, who were observed in child-to-child social interactions (small playgroups). Joint attention was positively related to age and type of activity engaged in. Object engagement was consistently high across all age groups. Eye gaze was low relative to joint attention and object engagement, and was not significantly related to age. Eye gaze, as observed in small group interactions, was found to be significantly less than what has been reported for adult-child and adult-adult dyads. The implications of these findings for remedial training are discussed. Eye Contact in Children's Social Interactions: What is Normal Behaviour?
Exploring Gender-Based Sibling Roles

Siblings are often the main social partners in people’s lives and thus play important roles. In comparison with other family members, siblings are likely to remain in our lives for longer and play more roles. Previous studies suggest that gender can influence these roles. We conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews to examine individuals’ perceptions of gender-based sibling roles, with a maximum variation sample of 21 Iranian adults. Interview transcriptions were analyzed by dividing them into two content areas: sisters’ roles and brothers’ roles. Six main role categories emerged for sisters’ roles, whereas four emerged for brothers. “Support,” “Service,” and “Dominance” were three common categories between genders. “Consideration,” “Mediation,” and “Counseling and Guidance” categories emerged for sisters, and “Control” emerged for brothers. These findings suggest that Iranian society presents some unique domains of gender-based sibling roles. We discussed implications for research and practice and the limitations of our study.
The Relationships Among Stress, Coping, Social Support, and Weight Class in Premenopausal African American Women At Risk for Coronary Heart Disease

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of the relationships among stress, coping, social support, and weight class in premenopausal African American women as risk factors for coronary heart disease. Overweight and obesity are significant problems for African American women who are at an increased risk of weight-related diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Of these women, those who are premenopausal have a significantly higher coronary heart disease mortality rate than their white counterparts. There are gaps in current knowledge concerning the role that stress and other psychosocial factors play in weight control of premenopausal African American women. Data were obtained from 178 women with eligible data sets from a larger study of 236 subjects (Genetic Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease in Premenopausal African American Women). The measures for stress, coping, and social support included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, and the Jalowiec Coping Scale. The weight class of the women was determined as: normal weight-body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, overweight-BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2, or obese-BMI ≥30kg/m2. Statistical analysis conducted included Spearman's rho, Chi-square, and regression analysis. Confrontive coping was shown to be used more often to a "high" degree in normal-weight African American women than in overweight and obese African American women (&khgr;2 = 24.024; P = .0001). Confrontive coping was the only independent predictor of weight class in a regression model that included perceived stress, life events, social support, and optimistic, self-reliant, and evasive coping strategies. Therefore, African American women who use confrontive coping to a high degree were more likely to confront problems, such as weight control issues, than those who use this coping strategy to a low or medium degree.
“Her Excellency”: An Exploratory Overview of Women Cabinet Ministers in Africa

The number of women cabinet ministers in several African countries has increased recently while remaining small in others. In this exploratory overview, we investigate women’s growing presence in cabinets across sub-Saharan Africa, providing a recent ranking for women’s cabinet representation. We attempt to determine why some countries have more women ministers than others, comparing generalist versus specialist appointments and normative influences on governments. Further, we seek to determine the impact of more women ministers by investigating substantive and symbolic representation effects. We find that specialist recruitment appears to have created more ministerial opportunities for women than generalist; regional and international norms have contributed to increasing the number of women cabinet ministers in some countries; and there is evidence of substantive and symbolic representation effects of more women in cabinets in some African countries. Finally, we consider areas for future research around women cabinet ministers in Africa.
Can European Football Spur Interest in American Soccer? A Look at the Champions World™ Series and Major League Soccer

This essay seeks to study media and fan reaction to the Champions World™ series, a sequence of exhibition soccer games featuring the world’s leading club sides organized by Champions World™, a New Jersey based company specializing in sports marketing, to judge its overall efficacy in promoting soccer in the United States. It argues that while the Champions World™ series does not really represent an obstacle in the way of soccer in the US, it has in no way been helpful in increasing the profile of Major League Soccer, which is essential in establishing soccer as a major sport in the US sporting pantheon. It suggests that in order to be successful in the United States, soccer must have a professional league. Finally, it contends that though the Champions World™ series might never have any perceptible impact on the future of US soccer, it is, given its financial lure, likely to become a staple of the summer sports season in the United States.
Reactive Versus Proactive Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence

Although there has been a growing research interest in examining factors associated with police arrest decisions and victims’ perceptions of the police in handling domestic violence, very few studies have empirically assessed female and male officers’ attitudes toward domestic violence. Using survey data collected from 272 male and female officers from two metropolitan police departments in Taiwan, this research compared male and female police officers’ reactive and proactive attitudes toward handling domestic violence incidents. The findings indicated that male officers were more likely than female officers to support minimum police involvement and to tolerate domestic violence. With regard to proactive attitudes, there was no significant gender difference in officers’ endorsement of proarrest policy and the importance of domestic violence in police work. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Teacher Time Use in Special Education

How special education teachers spend their time is largely unknown. Yet conceptually, “time” is one of the most tangible and salient variables of the effective instruction literature, Carroll's model of school learning and many economic models of performance measures. This currently unknown use of teacher time has clear and important implications for special education research and practice that include teacher quality, the professional roles of educator's, accountability and student achievement. 36 special education teachers representing 4 variations of instructional arrangements recorded 2200 hours of data in the spring of 2006. Special educators reported their time use via a web-based monitoring system while continuous and interval direct observation data were simultaneously collected. Data provide a snapshot view of teacher time use and reflect the percentages of a school day spent in academic instruction, non-academic instruction, instructional support, consultation/collaboration, assessment, planning/preparation, discipline, supervision, paperwork, and other responsibilities throughout the year.
Intracranial Artery Stenosis or Occlusion Predicts Ischemic Recurrence after Transient Ischemic Attack

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patterns of DWI findings that predict recurrent ischemic events after TIA are well-established, but similar assessments of intracranial MRA findings are not available. We sought to determine the imaging characteristics of MRA that are predictive of early recurrent stroke/TIA in patients with TIA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 129 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of TIA in whom MR imaging was done within 24 hours of symptom onset. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of >50% stenosis or occlusion of symptomatic intracranial arteries for recurrent stroke/TIA at 7 days after TIA. We used logistic regression analysis to adjust for the clinical ABCD2 score. We performed this analysis for symptomatic steno-occlusive lesions at any site and symptomatic steno-occlusive lesions on proximal large intracranial arteries (internal carotid artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, and circle of Willis). RESULTS: Forty-two (32.5%) patients had acute ischemic lesions on DWI; 16 (12.4%) had significant MRA lesions, of which 11 (8.5%) were on proximal vessels. Nine patients had early recurrence (TIA, 7; minor stroke, 2). Only patients with proximal MRA lesions were at higher risk of early recurrence independent of the ABCD2 score (adjusted odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–27.8; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Proximal lesions of cerebral arteries seen on MRA were predictive of recurrent stroke/TIA at 7 days. These findings suggest that MRA could be used to improve the selection of patients with TIA at high risk of early recurrent stroke/TIA.
Reflections: On Time, Temporality and Change in Organizations

Abstract Time and temporality has, for the most part, evaded thorough examination and is often sidestepped or assumed to be a non-contentious issue in frameworks that seek to explain organizational change. Temporality (past, present and future) contrasts with atemporal and tenseless conceptions of time where change is viewed as a series of ‘now’ moments in which the past and future are represented as social constructions that serve to make sense of an ongoing present. In the field of organizational change, time remains integral but opaque in theorization and implicit in the explanations captured in macro planned and episodic models characterized by linear temporality in which changes progress through a series of sequential stages, through to the more micro explanations of emergence that focus on continuous reconstituted becoming in changing organizations. This poor conceptualization of time requires attention to further develop theorization and enable researchers to engage in richer empirical work. The article unpacks conceptions of time that underpin change theories and suggests that the concepts of temporal orientation, awareness and accommodation can be used to open up and reflect upon temporality in generating a wider debate and furthering discussions on the place of time in understanding processes of change in organizations.
Psychology and Sustainability: An Introduction

The goals of this issue on psychology and the promotion of a sustainable future are (1) to introduce the breadth of environmental problems that currently face humanity, (2) to explore alternative courses of action that might facilitate the attainment of a sustainable future, (3) to expose the reader to interdisciplinary perspectives regarding sustainability, and (4) to introduce the results of empirical research whose application can assist in the promotion of sustainability. This first article provides a brief introduction to the environmental problems facing the world, an overview of social science research related to sustainability, and a summary of the articles in this issue.
Special Educators and Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Behavior

Nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSIB) is one of the most perplexing and challenging behaviors special educators come across in their schools. Thus, there is a need for special educators to be equipped with information regarding NSSIB to help identify students with disabilities who engage in these behaviors and provide them with appropriate support or referrals. This study examined the effectiveness of training received by 390 special educators on NSSIB and their self-efficacy regarding the training. Results revealed that although many special educators serve students who engage in self-injurious behaviors, many did not receive training on how to implement strategies for students who self-injure. Those special educators who received training were more confident in their abilities to work with students who self-injured compared with those special educators who did not receive training. Implications, limitations, and future research areas are discussed.
Teachers' work engagement : A deeper understanding of the role of job and personal resources in relationship to work engagement, its antecedents, and its outcomes

Dutch schools for secondary education face many challenges: Teaching is considered one of the most stressful occupations and the burnout levels of teachers are relatively high. Also, the work satisfaction of teachers in secondary education is the lowest compared with the total educational sector. The main factors that influence the work of teachers in secondary education are a high work load, a low level of autonomy, little support from the leader, and poorly implemented HRM. Although research has shown that teachers are more engaged compared with workforces in other industries, several factors may influence their engagement level. This dissertation contains six studies in which factors are examined that can influence work engagement and outcomes such as organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) and innovative behaviour. The roles of goal orientation, LMX, the interaction with pupils, HR practices, autonomy, occupational self-efficacy, and high commitment HRM are examined as resources in these relationships. The findings showed that the interaction with pupils and HR practices are positively related to work engagement, and HR practices weakened the relationship between the interaction with pupils and work engagement. Goal orientation and LMX are moderators in the relationship between burnout and work engagement. Occupational self-efficacy and high commitment HRM mediated the relationship between work engagement and innovative behaviour, and LMX and autonomy weakened the relationship between respectively OCBI and OCBO. This suggests that employees need job and personal resources in their work that stimulate their work engagement, but when they are engaged, every examined job or personal resource that is available in the context might weaken teachers’ work engagement, or outcomes of work engagement. Specifically for teachers, it seems as though they are so engaged with their teaching that every job resource that has nothing to do with teaching itself decreases their work engagement and outcomes of work engagement. Exceptions are HC-HRM and occupational self-efficacy, because these have a closer relationship with the primary tasks of teachers’ work. All in all, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of resources in relationship to work engagement, its antecedents, and its outcomes.
Socioeconomic Status, Economic Problems, and Delinquency

Research indicates that the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and delinquency is not as strong as suggested by the leading crime theories. This article argues that such theories do not predict that SES in and of itself causes delinquency but rather that the economic problems associated with SES cause delinquency. Such problems include substantial changes in lifestyle due to lack of money and the inability to purchase needed goods and services. Further, it is argued that (a) the relationship between economic problems and delinquency is nonlinear, such that only the experience of several economic problems is associated with higher delinquency, and (b) the relationship between SES and economic problems is only moderate in size. Data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents support these arguments. These data help explain the weak-to-moderate relationship between SES and delinquency, and they direct attention to economic problems as a potentially important cause of delinquency.