Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Bioink Design for 3D Bioprinting of Tissues and Organs

There is a growing demand for alternative fabrication approaches to develop tissues and organs as conventional techniques are not capable of fabricating constructs with required structural, mechanical, and biological complexity. 3D bioprinting offers great potential to fabricate highly complex constructs with precise control of structure, mechanics, and biological matter [i.e., cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components]. 3D bioprinting is an additive manufacturing approach that utilizes a “bioink” to fabricate devices and scaffolds in a layer-by-layer manner. 3D bioprinting allows printing of a cell suspension into a tissue construct with or without a scaffold support. The most common bioinks are cell-laden hydrogels, decellulerized ECM-based solutions, and cell suspensions. In this mini review, a brief description and comparison of the bioprinting methods, including extrusion-based, droplet-based, and laser-based bioprinting, with particular focus on bioink design requirements are presented. We also present the current state of the art in bioink design including the challenges and future directions.
Feasibility of in-band full-duplex radio transceivers with imperfect RF components: Analysis and enhanced cancellation algorithms

In this paper we provide an overview regarding the feasibility of in-band full-duplex transceivers under imperfect RF components. We utilize results and findings from the recent research on full-duplex communications, while introducing also transmitter-induced thermal noise into the analysis. This means that the model of the RF impairments used in this paper is the most comprehensive thus far. By assuming realistic parameter values for the different transceiver components, it is shown that IQ imaging and transmitter-induced nonlinearities are the most significant sources of distortion in in-band full-duplex transceivers, in addition to linear self-interference. Motivated by this, we propose a novel augmented nonlinear digital self-interference canceller that is able to model and hence suppress all the essential transmitter imperfections jointly. This is also verified and demonstrated by extensive waveform simulations.
Assessment of cochlear implant candidacy in patients with cochlear nerve deficiency using the P1 CAEP biomarker

Abstract Objective The goal of this report was to ascertain the efficacy of the P1 cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) biomarker as an objective tool to assist in the evaluation of cochlear implant (CI) candidacy in children with a radiological diagnosis of cochlear nerve deficiency (CND). Methods Retrospective case study review of audiological and radiological findings was performed in four pediatric patients identified with CND and severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Cortical auditory evoked potential testing was conducted, and the presence and latency of the P1 component were analyzed. Results Three out of four children demonstrated robust P1 CAEP responses, indicating activation of the central auditory pathways by auditory stimulation, despite the diagnosis of CND. These children were considered good candidates for cochlear implantation. Discussion Although cochlear implantation in children is a fairly routine procedure, cases exist for which implant candidacy is questionable. Among these cases are children with CND. In these children, cochlear implantation may be contraindicated due to the likelihood that the implant electrodes may not stimulate the VIII nerve adequately. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard in the assessment of CND, but this measure is not always sufficient to determine CI candidacy in cases of CND. The addition of the P1 CAEP measurement to the usual electrophysiological, audiometric, and radiological test battery may prove to be useful in determining CI options for children with CND.
A Study on Research Trend Analysis of Education in Korea

This study is an analysis of themes and their connectivity through a keyword-network text analysis of theses listed in The Journal of Educational Research, the leading academic journal of education in Korea. This paper examined 355 theses published from 2006 to 2015. The results of the analysis revealed that the keyword "academic achievement" appeared most frequently (34 times), followed by “self-efficacy” (24), “learner” (17), “curriculum” (16), and “education” (14). The overall structure of the network between the keywords follows the small-world network model. A network of 39 keywords was constructed using the hub keywords such as “learner,” “evaluation,” “academic performance,” ”efficacy,” and “curriculum. ” The network text cluster diagram reveals the diversity of sub categories in the theory of education. This paper aims at identifying the core themes in the theory of education and investigating the connectivity among them.
Treatment of Phenylketonuria with a Diet Low in Phenylalanine

Phenylketonuria is one of the very few conditions in which mental deficiency is associated with a demonstrable metabolic error. It has been suggested that the mental defect is due to an intoxication by phenylalanine or one of its motabolites, and that the mental deficiency may be relieved by feeding a diet low in phenylalanine (Woolf and Vulliamy, 1951). Such a diet must be adequate to permit normal health and growth. All dietary proteins are about equally rich in phenylalanine (Block and Bolling, 1951), and a suitable diet can therefore be devised only by supplying the bulk of the nitrogen as a mixture of amino-acids. While it would be possible to mix pure amino-acids to obtain such a diet, the cost would render any long-term treatment of even a few cases impossible. Protein hydrolysates have been commercially available for some years, and it is known that they can be freed from phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan by passing through a column of charcoal (Schramm and Primosigh, 1943). It seemed likely that a suitable amino-acid mixture could be obtained at a reasonable cost by passing an acid hydrolysate of casein through charcoal and adding tyrosine and tryptophan. This was suggested by one of us (L. I. W.) to Dr. H. Bickel, who at that time had a suitable phenylketonuric patient under his care. Bickel carried out the preparation of the suggested diet, fed his patient on it, and reported a very marked improvement in the child's mental condition (Bickel, Gerrard, and Hickmans, 1953). No psychometric measurements were made, and it seemed worth while repeating this work, making as objective and as accurate measurements as possible of intelligence level before feeding the diet and at intervals after. Electroencephalograms were used as a second objective measurement. The findings are described for two children, both aged 2 years 8 months at the start, who have been fed g diet low in phenylalanine for nine and ten months respectively; marked intellectual improvement resulted, and the E.E.G. became normal in the one case in which it was previously abnormal. A third child, aged 5 years 5 months, has been fed this diet for a shorter period, but presents interesting features, and the preliminary finding of intellectual improvement is described.
Evaluation of third trimester uterine artery flow velocity indices in relationship to perinatal complications

Objective. Uterine artery Doppler is becoming a routine part of pregnancy surveillance in high-risk pregnancies. Which blood flow velocity waveform index to measure is debated and the ‘notch’ in early diastole is not widely accepted, as it is a subjective measure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the different indices in the prediction of adverse outcome of pregnancies suspected for intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR). Methods. Uterine artery blood flow was recorded in 217 pregnancies admitted for Doppler ultrasound surveillance due to suspected IUGR. The median gestational age at examination was 38 weeks (range 25–42 weeks). Only cases having bilateral uterine artery notching were included in the evaluation. The uterine artery Doppler spectrum was analyzed for different indices, including evaluation of notch and end-diastolic velocities. Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry was also performed. The outcome variables chosen were: a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborn, preterm birth, and abdominal delivery. ROC-curve calculations were used to compare the different indices. Results. The uterine artery blood velocity pulsatility index (PI) and resistance indices (RI) were the best predictors of adverse outcome of pregnancy. Apart from premature birth, the systolic/end-diastolic ratio was less predictive of adverse outcome. The indices including only diastolic blood velocities were the least predictive of adverse outcome. The group with notch velocity above end-diastolic velocity was compared with those having notch velocity below the end-diastolic velocity. No difference in outcome was seen between the two groups. Conclusions. RI and PI as measures of third trimester utero-placental vascular impedance are the best predictors of adverse outcome of IUGR-suspected pregnancies.
Determining Restricted Damerau-Levenshtein Edit-Distance of Two Languages by Extended Automata

Restricted Damerau-Levenshtein edit-distance is applied in many fields such as language processing, speech recognition, detecting theft of information, biology computation, etc. Modifying from the method of Mehryar Mohri (2003) which uses the composition of transducers combined with a singlesource shortest-paths algorithm to compute Levenshtein editdistance of the two languages, we propose a type of an extended automaton in order to compute the restricted DamerauLevenshtein edit-distance of the two languages. Keywords-Damerau-Levenshtein; edit-distance; extended automaton; algorithm; transducer
Pre-endoscopic erythromycin administration in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review

Background In patients suffering from upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), adequate visualization is essential during endoscopy. Prior to endoscopy, erythromycin administration has been shown to enhance visualization in these patients; however, guidelines have not fully adopted this practice. Thus, we performed a comprehensive, up-to-date meta-analysis on the issue of erythromycin administration in this patient population. Methods After searching multiple databases (November 2015), randomized controlled trials on adult subjects comparing administration of erythromycin before endoscopy in UGIB patients to no erythromycin or placebo were included. Pooled estimates of adequacy of gastric mucosa visualized, need for second endoscopy, duration of procedure, length of hospital stay, units of blood transfused, and need for emergent surgery using odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Results Eight studies (n=598) were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Erythromycin administration showed statistically significant improvement in adequate gastric mucosa visualization (OR 4.14; 95% CI: 2.01-8.53, P<0.01) while reduced the need for a second-look endoscopy (OR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.34-0.77, P<0.01) and length of hospital stay (MD -1.75; 95% CI: -2.43 to -1.06, P<0.01). Duration of procedure (P=0.2), units of blood transfused (P=0.08), and need for emergent surgery (P=0.88) showed no significant differences. Conclusion Pre-endoscopic erythromycin administration in UGIB patients significantly improves gastric mucosa visualization while reducing length of hospital stay and the need for second-look endoscopy.
The Role of the Ideology of Normality in the Production of Disability

This paper is aimed to show the way in which the term disability is understood going way beyond the biological and natural domains as they are fixed in the common sense. Our hypothesis is that the term disability has to be thought in the context of the social relations as well as of the material and symbolic meaning production processes in our society. In this regard our proposal was to trace the roots of the use of that term establishing the historical, social and political conditions which constitute subjects invoking «biological» and «body» supposedly based «in nature» reasons. In doing so, we demonstrate how in that context disability is a category within a classification system which produces subjects, from the idea of a «unique normalcy» that functions as a measure parameter of normal/abnormal, as well as an ideology that legitimizes inequality and asymmetric relationships.
A randomized study

OBJECTIVE — We hypothesized that people with type 2 diabetes in an online diabetes self-management program, compared with usual-care control subjects, would 1) demonstrate reduced A1C at 6 and 18 months, 2) have fewer symptoms, 3) demonstrate increased exercise, and 4) have improved self-efficacy and patient activation. In addition, participants randomized to listserve reinforcement would have better 18-month outcomes than participants receiving no reinforcement.
Quantifying Child Mortality Reductions Related to Measles Vaccination

Background This study characterizes the historical relationship between coverage of measles containing vaccines (MCV) and mortality in children under 5 years, with a view toward ongoing global efforts to reduce child mortality. Methodology/Principal Findings Using country-level, longitudinal panel data, from 44 countries over the period 1960–2005, we analyzed the relationship between MCV coverage and measles mortality with (1) logistic regressions for no measles deaths in a country-year, and (2) linear regressions for the logarithm of the measles death rate. All regressions allowed a flexible, non-linear relationship between coverage and mortality. Covariates included birth rate, death rates from other causes, percent living in urban areas, population density, per-capita GDP, use of the two-dose MCV, year, and mortality coding system. Regressions used lagged covariates, country fixed effects, and robust standard errors clustered by country. The likelihood of no measles deaths increased nonlinearly with higher MCV coverage (ORs: 13.8 [1.6–122.7] for 80–89% to 40.7 [3.2–517.6] for ≥95%), compared to pre-vaccination risk levels. Measles death rates declined nonlinearly with higher MCV coverage, with benefits accruing more slowly above 90% coverage. Compared to no coverage, predicted average reductions in death rates were −79% at 70% coverage, −93% at 90%, and −95% at 95%. Conclusions/Significance 40 years of experience with MCV vaccination suggests that extremely high levels of vaccination coverage are needed to produce sharp reductions in measles deaths. Achieving sustainable benefits likely requires a combination of extended vaccine programs and supplementary vaccine efforts.
Combining Static and Dynamic Features for Multivariate Sequence Classification

Model precision in a classification task is highly dependent on the feature space that is used to train the model. Moreover, whether the features are sequential or static will dictate which classification method can be applied as most of the machine learning algorithms are designed to deal with either one or another type of data. In real-life scenarios, however, it is often the case that both static and dynamic features are present, or can be extracted from the data. In this work, we demonstrate how generative models such as Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) artificial neural networks can be used to extract temporal information from the dynamic data. We explore how the extracted information can be combined with the static features in order to improve the classification performance. We evaluate the existing techniques and suggest a hybrid approach, which outperforms other methods on several public datasets.
Influence of overt head movements on memory for valenced words: a case of conceptual-motor compatibility.

The present article reports 3 studies that demonstrate the influence of overt behavior on recognition and elucidates the theoretical basis for such an influence. In 2 experiments it was found that participants who were induced to nod while incidentally encoding positive and negative adjectives were more likely to recognize positive adjectives, whereas participants who were induced to shake their heads were more likely to recognize negative words. In a third experiment, with a double-task procedure, it was shown that when encoding was accompanied by head movements that were compatible with words, participants were better at performing the secondary task than when words and head movements were incompatible. These findings suggest that performing incompatible motoric and conceptual tasks concurrently requires more cognitive capacity. Where this capacity is allocated and when it is withdrawn depends on the characteristics of the task. Implications of this mechanism for different phenomena in social psychology (e.g., facial feedback and masking of emotional displays) are discussed.
Overcoming Heterogeneity in Pediatric Asthma: Tobacco Smoke and Asthma Characteristics Within Phenotypic Clusters in an African American Cohort

Objective. Asthma in children and adolescents is a heterogeneous syndrome comprised of multiple subgroups with variable disease expression and response to environmental exposures. The goal of this study was to define homogeneous phenotypic clusters within a cohort of children and adolescents with asthma and to determine overall and within-cluster associations between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and asthma characteristics. Methods. A combined hierarchical/k-means cluster analysis of principal component variables was used to define phenotypic clusters within a cohort of 6- to 20-year-old urban and largely minority subjects. Results. Among the 154 subjects, phenotypic cluster analysis defined three independent clusters (Cluster 1 [n = 57]; Cluster 2 [n = 33]; Cluster 3 [n = 58]). A small fourth cluster (n = 6) was excluded. Patients in Cluster 1 were predominantly males, with a relative abundance of neutrophils in their nasal washes. Patients in Cluster 2 were predominantly females with high body mass index percentiles and later-onset asthma. Patients in Cluster 3 had higher eosinophil counts in their nasal washes and lower Asthma Control Test™ (ACT) scores. Within-cluster regression analysis revealed several significant associations between ETS exposure and phenotypic characteristics that were not present in the overall cohort. ETS exposure was associated with a significant increase in nasal wash neutrophils (beta coefficient = 0.73 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.11 to 1.35]; p = .023) and a significant decrease in ACT score (−5.17 [−8.42 to −1.93]; p = .003) within Cluster 1 and a significant reduction in the bronchodilator-induced % change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (−36.32 [−62.18 to −10.46]; p = .009) within Cluster 3. Conclusions. Clustering techniques defined more homogeneous subgroups, allowing for the detection of otherwise undetectable associations between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and asthma characteristics.
Meta‐analysis of a binary outcome using individual participant data and aggregate data

In this paper, we develop meta‐analysis models that synthesize a binary outcome from health‐care studies while accounting for participant‐level covariates. In particular, we show how to synthesize the observed event‐risk across studies while accounting for the within‐study association between participant‐level covariates and individual event probability. The models are adapted for situations where studies provide individual participant data (IPD), or a mixture of IPD and aggregate data. We show that the availability of IPD is crucial in at least some studies; this allows one to model potentially complex within‐study associations and separate them from across‐study associations, so as to account for potential ecological bias and study‐level confounding. The models can produce pertinent population‐level and individual‐level results, such as the pooled event‐risk and the covariate‐specific event probability for an individual. Application is made to 14 studies of traumatic brain injury, where IPD are available for four studies and the six‐month mortality risk is synthesized in relation to individual age. The results show that as individual age increases the probability of six‐month mortality also increases; further, the models reveal clear evidence of ecological bias, with the mean age in each study additionally influencing an individual's mortality probability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of high-dose intracoronary adenosine administration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Coronary microvascular dysfunction is frequently seen in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Previous studies have suggested that the administration of intravenous adenosine resulted in an improvement of myocardial perfusion and a reduction in infarct size. Intracoronary adenosine (bolus of 30 to 60 microg) is a guideline-recommended therapy to improve myocardial reperfusion. The effect of intracoronary adenosine during primary percutaneous coronary intervention has not been investigated in a large randomized trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction were randomized to 2 bolus injections of intracoronary adenosine (2 x 120 microg in 20 mL NaCl) or placebo (2 x 20 mL NaCl). The first bolus injection was given after thrombus aspiration and the second after stenting of the infarct-related artery. The primary end point was the incidence of residual ST-segment deviation <0.2 mV, 30 to 60 minutes after percutaneous coronary intervention. Secondary end points were ST-segment elevation resolution, myocardial blush grade, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow on the angiogram after percutaneous coronary intervention, enzymatic infarct size, and clinical outcome at 30 days. A total of 448 patients were randomized to intracoronary adenosine (N=226) or placebo (N=222). The incidence of residual ST-segment deviation <0.2 mV did not differ between patients randomized to adenosine or placebo (46.2% versus 52.2%, P=NS). In addition, there were no significant differences in secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized placebo controlled trial enrolling 448 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, administration of intracoronary adenosine after thrombus aspiration and after stenting of the infarct-related artery did not result in improved myocardial perfusion.
Effects of feeding oleic acid or hydrogenated vegetable oils to lactating cows.

In feeding trials to clarify the mechanism by which unsaturated oils depress milk fat percentage, oleic acid at 250 or 500 ml per cow per day did not reduce milk fat percentage significantly. At 500 ml these changes were significant (control, oleic): rumen acetate 61.6, 60.3%; rumen propionate 19.4, 21.0%; milk fat content of 18:1 trans fatty acid 3.0, 8.0%; and of 18:2 cis fatty acid 2.2, 1.4%. Feeding hydrogenated vegetable oil containing 13% trans acid at 454 g per cow per day decreased slightly milk fat percentage and elevated plasma cholesterol 190 to 245 mg/100 ml and 18:1 trans fatty acid in milk fat 4.2 to 6.2%. Hydrogenated vegetable oil containing 49% 18:1 trans acid at 454 g daily decreased milk fat 3.9 to 3.1%. Milk fat triglycerides decreased in short chain fatty acids and increased in 18:1 trans 2.6 to 11.2%, 18:1 cis 22.9 to 29.0%, and 18:2 trans . 2 to 1.8%. Milk phospholipids decreased 14.1 to 9.6% in 14:0 fatty acid and increased . 3 to 3.1% in 18:1 trans and 20.5 to 31.4% in 18:1 cis. Blood cholesterol esters were increased 152 to 195 mg/100 ml. The data lend support to the concept that trans acids or compounds produced in the rumen during their formation from polyunsaturated fatty acids are responsible for the milk fat depression from unsaturated oils.