Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caffeine increases light responsiveness of the mouse circadian pacemaker

Caffeine is the most commonly used psychoactive stimulant worldwide. It reduces sleep and sleepiness by blocking access to the adenosine receptor. The level of adenosine increases during sleep deprivation, and is thought to induce sleepiness and initiate sleep. Light‐induced phase shifts of the rest–activity circadian rhythms are mediated by light‐responsive neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, where the circadian clock of mammals resides. Previous studies have shown that sleep deprivation reduces circadian clock phase‐shifting capacity and decreases SCN neuronal activity. In addition, application of adenosine agonists and antagonists mimics and blocks, respectively, the effect of sleep deprivation on light‐induced phase shifts in behaviour, suggesting a role for adenosine. In the present study, we examined the role of sleep deprivation in and the effect of caffeine on light responsiveness of the SCN. We performed in vivo electrical activity recordings of the SCN in freely moving mice, and showed that the sustained response to light of SCN neuronal activity was attenuated after 6 h of sleep deprivation prior to light exposure. Subsequent intraperitoneal application of caffeine was able to restore the response to light. Finally, we performed behavioural recordings in constant conditions, and found enhanced period lengthening during chronic treatment with caffeine in drinking water in constant light conditions. The data suggest that increased homeostatic sleep pressure changes circadian pacemaker functioning by reducing SCN neuronal responsiveness to light. The electrophysiological and behavioural data together provide evidence that caffeine enhances clock sensitivity to light.
"COME ON DOWN": How Consumers View Game Shows and the Products Placed in Them

Game shows and the products placed in them as prizes are part of the broad mediascape that both advertisers and consumers inhabit. However, reflecting a dearth of research in this area, this paper reports on two interpretive studies of game show viewers to uncover the meanings they apply to the products placed as contest-puzzle subjects and/or prizes in these shows. A model emerged consisting of three interacting sites of constructed meaning--(1) consumers, (2) game shows, and (3) products placed--each with their own emergent themes. Implications are drawn that apply not only to game shows and the products placed in them, but also to related promotional mediascape meanings in general.
The Validity of Individual Psychological Assessments

Individual psychological assessment (IPA) is an active area of practice for many industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists. Unfortunately, the research base on these practices lags considerably behind other approaches used in employee selection. The article by Silzer and Jeanneret (2011) will hopefully promote increased discussion and, more importantly, increased research on individual assessment practices. In this commentary, we highlight several areas of work that we view as essential to building a sound body of empirical research to serve as the scientific foundation for individual assessment practices.
Concepções de alunos do ensino médio sobre a origem das espécies

The objective of this work was to analyze high school students' conceptions about the origin of species, in Macapa (Amapa , Brazil). Through questionnaires, the predominance of the creationist conceptions as described in the Bible, in its literal interpretation, were observed. The evolutionist conception tended to be more frequent when applied to non-human species. There were some contradictions between the students' ideas and the theory of evolution, which also appeared to be poorly understood by students. These observations indicate the need for educational interventions to minimize the reported problems, contributing to a dialogue between the students' conceptions and the teaching of evolutionary theory.
Exploring the factor structure and the validity of the abbreviated Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales

The original longer versions (Forsman & Johnson, 1996) and abbreviated versions of the Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales have been used in clinical and non-clinical settings, but little is known about the factor structure and the validity of these scales in their abbreviated forms. The original longer versions of the scales comprise several dimensions, but both abbreviated versions of the scales have been interpreted as if they were 1D. The abbreviated versions of the Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales have been translated into Polish from Swedish and administered to 175 students (103 female; mean age = 22.7 years, SD = 3.3 years) studying management at the Gdansk University of Technology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factor structure and the validity of the abbreviated versions of the scales. We were also interested in the differences between women and men. Exploratory factor analyses identified one dimension of the Basic Self-Esteem Scale, compatible with Rosenberg's et al. (1995) and Rogers' (1951) concepts. We identified two components (High Ambition and Others' Appraisal) of the Earning Self-Esteem Scale, similar to the original longer version. Convergent and discriminant validity proved to be theoretically solid. The abbreviated versions of the Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales are appended. Further research on these scales involving other groups is needed, as is further development of these self-esteem scales for adults. Evidence of the derived factors' internal consistency and of the convergent and discriminant validity suggests that the factor structure and the reliability of the abbreviated versions of psychological tools need to be investigated.
Factors Associated with Attrition in Weight Loss Programs

Attrition in weight loss programs is a complex process, influenced by patients’ pretreatment characteristics and treatment variables, but available data are contradictory. Only a few variables have been confirmed by more than one study as relevant risk factors, but recently new data of clinical utility emerged from “real world” large observational studies. Practical difficulties, unsatisfactory results, a few psychological variables (e.g. lack of motivation, unrealistic weight loss expectations, overall level of stress, self-confidence in the ability to lose additional weight without professional help, and sense of abandonment from therapists), seem to play a crucial role in the patients’ decision of interrupting the weight loss treatment.
Pesticide knowledge and risk perception among adolescent Latino farmworkers.

A substantial proportion of the agricultural production in the U.S. is dependent on the labor of Latino farmworkers. While exact figures are not known, it is estimated that adolescents make up 7% of this valuable workforce. These young workers may be at increased risk for the toxic effects of environmental exposures encountered during their work. Furthermore, language barriers and health beliefs may influence the risk perceptions of this population. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of migrant adolescent farmworkers in 1998 to investigate their work practices, health beliefs, and pesticide knowledge. The large majority of the adolescents in our sample were from Mexico, and 36.3% spoke primarily indigenous languages. Many of the adolescents (64.7%) were traveling and working in the U.S. independent of their parents. Few of the adolescents reported having received pesticide training; however, 21.6% of the sample reported that their current work involved mixing and/or applying agricultural chemicals. The scores on the pesticide knowledge questionnaire were found to significantly predict self-reported use of protection for adolescent farmworkers. The results of this study point to a need for improved pesticide training in youth agricultural workers and specialized education efforts directed toward minorities who speak indigenous dialects. Special attention is merited toward adolescent farmworkers who report that their work includes mixing or applying agricultural chemicals. As the number of adolescent farmworkers increases in the U.S. and the characteristics of the migrant stream continue to change, culturally and developmentally appropriate instruments are needed to adequately assess the health beliefs and protective practices of this population.
APLIKASI PRINSIP GESTALT PADA MEDIA DESAIN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL

The Gestalt principle introduced around 1920 by Max Wertheimer is a general description for a concept which unifies different possibilities in design. Knowledge of Gestalt principle and visual perception helps as vital visual method in the development of visual strategy in graphic design and visual communication design today. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Prinsip Gestalt yang diperkenalkan pada sekitar tahun 1920 oleh Max Wertheimer merupakan deskripsi secara umum untuk konsep yang membuat kesatuan dan berbagai kemungkinan dalam desain. Prinsip Gestalt dan Persepsi visual merupakan pengertian yang sangat membantu sebagai metode visual utama dari perkembangan strategi visual desain grafis serta desain komunikasi visual saat ini. Gestalt principle%2C visual method%2C visual communication design.
Pulmonary function tests in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their association with glycemic control and duration of the disease

Background: Pulmonary complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) have been poorly characterized. Some authors have reported normal pulmonary functions and even concluded that spirometry is not at all necessary in diabetic patients. Some studies have shown abnormal respiratory parameters in patients of DM. Moreover, the duration of DM and glycemic control have varied impact on the pulmonary functions. Aims and Objectives: The study was undertaken to analyze the pulmonary function parameters in diabetic patients and compare them with age and gender matched healthy subjects. We correlated forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in diabetic patients with duration of the disease and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Materials and Methods: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were recorded in 60 type 2 diabetic male patients and 60 normal healthy male controls aged 40-60 years by using Helios 702 spirometer. The PFTs recorded were - FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, FEF25–75, FEF0.2–1.2, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). HbA1c of all the patients was estimated by ion exchange resin method, which is a very standard method of estimation. PFTs of diabetic patients and controls were compared by applying Student′s unpaired t test. Associations between FVC and FEV1 and HbA1c and duration of illness in diabetic patients were analyzed by applying Pearson′s coefficient. Results: The PFTs were significantly decreased in diabetic patients compared with the healthy controls except FEV1/FVC. There was no correlation found between FVC and FEV1 and duration of illness as well as HbA1c. Conclusion: DM being a systemic disease, which also affects lungs causing restrictive type of ventilatory changes probably because of glycosylation of connective tissues, reduced pulmonary elastic recoil and inflammatory changes in lungs. We found glycemic levels and duration of disease are probably not the major determinants of lung pathology, which requires further research.
Getting Things Done in the L1 and L2: Bilingual Immigrant Women's Use of Communication Strategies in Entrepreneurial Contexts

The article examines the communication strategies of four bilingual, immigrant women entrepreneurs within the context of their businesses. The analysis revealed that L1 and L2 use is crucial to the business success of the participants. L1 conversations consisted of largely private speech and directives. The women positioned themselves as powerbrokers by creating cultural bridges and community networks with their in-group workers while facilitating business interaction with out-group customers. L2 use consisted of the mastery of basic conversation openings and closings, and various rapport-building methods such as small talk and socially expanded talk. Rapport-building strategies enabled the women to create lasting relationships as well as extended opportunities for English-language development. The study found that immigrant women entrepreneurs have a mastery of the pragmatic functions of speech that allow them to be competent communicators who know how to go about their business and how to get things done in the workplace.
ATTITUDE CONSTRUCTION: EVALUATION IN CONTEXT

Most theories treat attitudes as enduring evaluative tendencies; the dispositional focus enjoys intuitive appeal because it is compatible with observers' preference for dispositional explanations (aka fundamental attribution error). From the actor's perspective, evaluation stands in the service of action. Any adaptive system of evaluation needs to be highly sensitive to the specifics of the present, turning deplorable “context dependency“ into laudable “context sensitivity. ” Attitude construal theories conceptualize the context sensitivity of evaluative judgment and provide a parsimonious account of core findings of the attitude literature without assuming enduring dispositions; their assumptions are compatible with theories of situated cognition.
Toward a more Complex Understanding of Acculturation and Adjustment

This study examined possible links between acculturation and adjustment in 182 Vietnamese youths living in a primarily Anglo-American community. Extending past work, the present research employed a more complex perspective on both acculturation—cast as separate levels of involvement in the native and host cultures—and adjustment—measured across personal (distress, depression, self-esteem), interpersonal (family relationships), and achievement (school grade point average) domains. Results indicated that, as expected, involvement in the U.S. culture predicted positive functioning across all three adjustment domains, and involvement in the Vietnamese culture predicted positive family relationships. Contrary to hypotheses, involvement in the Vietnamese culture related negatively to personal adjustment (i.e., distress). These findings are discussed in terms of the apparent complexities of the acculturation-adjustment link, particularly with regard to the utility of viewing acculturation from a two-dimensional framework and the need to consider the type of adjustment indices examined and the social contexts in which ethnic groups reside.
Evolution of Field Spiral Galaxies up to Redshifts z = 1

We have gained intermediate-resolution spectroscopy with the FORS instruments of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and high-resolution imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard HST for a sample of 220 distant field spiral galaxies within the FORS Deep Field and William Herschel Deep Field. Spatially resolved rotation curves were extracted and fitted with synthetic velocity fields that take into account all geometric and observational effects, such as blurring due to the slit width and seeing influence. Using these fits, the maximum rotation velocity Vmax could be determined for 124 galaxies that cover the redshift range 0.1 < z < 1.0 and comprise a variety of morphologies from early-type spirals to very late types and irregulars. The luminosity-rotation velocity distribution of this sample, which represents an average look-back time of ~5 Gyr, is offset from the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR) of local low-mass spirals, whereas the distant high-mass spirals are compatible with the local TFR. Taking the magnitude-limited character of our sample into account, we show that the slope of the local and the intermediate- z TFR would be in compliance if its scatter decreased by more than a factor of 3 between z ≈ 0.5 and 0. Accepting this large evolution of the TFR scatter, we hence find no strong evidence for a mass- or luminosity-dependent evolution of disk galaxies. On the other hand, we derive stellar mass-to-luminosity ratios (M/L) that indicate a luminosity-dependent evolution in the sense that distant low-luminosity disks have much lower M/L than their local counterparts, while high-luminosity disks barely evolved in M/L over the covered redshift range. This could be the manifestation of the "downsizing" effect, i.e., the successive shift of the peak of star formation from high-mass to low-mass galaxies toward lower redshifts. This trend might be canceled out in the TF diagram due to the simultaneous evolution of multiple parameters. We also estimate the ratios between stellar and total masses, finding that these remained constant since z = 1, as would be expected in the context of hierarchically growing structure.
Emerging drugs for chronic myeloid leukemia

Importance of the field: The deregulated tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL has been demonstrated to be necessary and sufficient to maintain leukemia phenotype of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) which, therefore, represents a unique model for the development of molecular targeted therapy and the first disease in which the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) completely changed the therapeutical approach. The impressive results of TKIs in this model have been overshadowed by the development of clinical resistance. Areas covered in this review: This review focuses on clinical results with imatinib therapy and second generation TKIs. Furthermore, a summary of the guidelines for the management of TKI resistant patients is provided together with a description of the new drugs in clinical or preclinical phases which are developing to overcome resistance. What the reader will gain: Future perspective for the ‘cure’ of CML patients and new drugs designed for this purpose are suggested. Take home message: CML therapy has dramatically changed in the last few years due to the introduction of targeted therapy. Studies on new drugs targeting different pathways other than BCR-ABL are ongoing to improve the clinical results.
Daytime Habitat Selection by Introduced Eastern Cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus and Native European Hare Lepus europaeus in Northern Italy

We used radiotelemetry to investigate resting sites habitat selection by introduced eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and native European hare (Lepus europaeus) under sympatric conditions. We tracked 24 hares and 34 cottontails in a protected area of northwestern Italy. Hares were found in different sites every week, while cottontails used the same site for two weeks, and occasionally for longer. It is supposed that this periodic nest switching reduces the risk of predation and parasitism. Hares and cottontails forms were located in different habitats and characterized by dense vegetation cover near the ground. This cover increased from winter to summer in both species, while in autumn it continued to increase in cottontails only, and decreased in hares. Cottontails selected shrubby habitats near the river, and avoided crop fields in all seasons. Hares were more adaptive in their search, using high herbs and shrubs all year round, wheat fields in spring, maize in spring and summer, and stubbles in winter. Arguably, partial niche differentiation is necessary to allow the coexistence of similar species. In our study area, hares and cottontails differentiated in the use of resting sites habitats, presumably so as not to compete in this part of their ecological niche.
Effects of short- and long-duration hypothyroidism on function of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

The effects of hypothyroidism on the functional integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were investigated in adult male rats. HPA axis function was examined in vivo in sham-thyroidectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats or in thyroidectomized rats for 7 (short-term hypothyroidism) or 60 (long-term hypothyroidism) days. Peripheral ACTH and corticosterone responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and interleukin (IL)-1α stimulation were used to indirectly assess the hypothalamic CRH neuron. Hypothyroidism resulted in exaggerated ACTH responses to both hypoglycemic stress and IL-1α administration. The adrenal cortex of hypothyroid animals showed a significant reduction in adrenal reserves, as assessed by its response to low-dose ACTH, following suppression of the HPA axis with dexamethasone. Hypothyroid rats were also associated with significant decreases in cerebrospinal fluid corticosterone concentrations and decreased adrenal weights. The findings suggest that experimentally induced hypothyroidism is associated with a mild, yet significant, adrenal insufficiency, which involves abnormalities in all components of the HPA axis.
The Effect of Losartan Potassium on Choroidal Hemodynamics in Healthy Subjects

PurposeTo investigate the choroidal hemodynamic effects of losartan potassium, a specific angiotensin II subtype AT1 receptor antagonist. MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, observer-masked, open-label placebo-controlled (lactose), two-period crossover study, the choroidal hemodynamic effects of a single oral 50-mg dose of losartan potassium were evaluated in 12 healthy subjects using choroidal laser Doppler flowmetry. ResultsPerfusion pressure and the choroidal laser Doppler flowmetry parameters velocity, volume, and flux did not vary significantly compared with placebo (P = 0.33, 0.31, 0.74, and 0.61, respectively). Correcting choroidal laser Doppler flowmetry parameters for perfusion pressure in a covariance analysis did not change these results. ConclusionA single oral 50-mg dose of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist losartan potassium given does not disturb the homeostasis of ocular perfusion pressure or choroidal blood flow in young healthy subjects.
The nanoscale spatial organization of B-cell receptors on immunoglobulin M– and G–expressing human B-cells

In resting and activated B-cells, IgM and IgG B-cell receptors (BCRs) reside in highly heterogeneous protein islands that vary in size and number of BCRs but intrinsically maintain a high frequency of BCR monomers. IgG BCRs are more clustered than IgM BCRs on resting cells and form larger protein islands after antigen activation.
Towards a Theory of Social Practices

The notion of social practice and a family of notions akin to it play an essential role in contemporary philosophical reflection, with particular reference to the conceptualisation of historical processes. Stephen Turner's book A Social Theory of Practices (1994) has provided a major challenge to this family of notions, and our purpose is to outline a grounding account of the notion of social practice in the form of an answer to Turner's criticisms. We try to answer three questions: first, if it is necessary to grant a tacit dimension to transmittable habits; second, if and how a tacit dimension of "meaning" could be intersubjectively transmitted; third, what is the possible role of rationality in changing social practices. Our discussion moves from Wittgenstein's argument on rule-following; in its wake we try to examine the nature of habits as a basis for rules and discuss their temporal sedimentation, inertia and modes of intersubjective transmission. In conclusion we support the idea that social practices must rely on a tacit dimension, that their tacit dimension does not represent a hindrance to intersubjective transmission, and that the possible dogmatism of social practices is not due to their "hidden" side, but to their explicit quasi-rational side.