Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adverse drug reaction reporting among clinicians in a teaching hospital in South Karnataka

The study was aimed at investigating knowledge, attitude and practice of clinicians towards ADR reporting, to identify the reasons for underreporting and suggestions to improve the ADR reporting system. A questionnaire study involving the clinicians in the teaching hospital of south Karnataka was conducted. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed to the clinicians with their consent for the participation in the study and completed questionnaire were received back within stipulated time. 120 respondents filled and retuned the questionnaires giving a response rate of 80%. Nearly half of the respondents (48.33%) were aware of the existence of pharmacovigilance (PV) and its programme in India. The ADR reporting form was known to only 12.5% and existence of PV unit in their hospital to 15% of respondents respectively. More than 77% have experienced an episode of ADR but only 15% of them had reported. More than 80% of them commented on inadequacy of ADR reporting in India. Only 2.5% have attended the training programmes in ADR reporting. Commonest factors discouraging ADR reporting were, not knowing where (87.5%), how (82.5%) to report ADR and lack of accessibility of ADR reporting forms (83.3%). The most common suggestions to improve ADR reporting were to make it mandatory, training and bulletins on ADR reporting. This study revealed poor knowledge, practice and underreporting of ADRs among clinicians and the willingness of clinicians to be trained in ADR reporting to contribute the pharmacovigilance efficiently.
Some Explicit Biorthogonal Polynomials

Let α > 0 and ψ (x) = x. Let Sn,α be a polynomial of degree n determined by the biorthogonality conditions Z 1 0 Sn,αψ j = 0, j = 0, 1, . , n− 1. We explicitly determine Sn,α and discuss some other properties, including their zero distribution. We also discuss their relation to the Sidi polynomials. §
A Fisherian Approach to Financial Crises: Lessons from the Sudden Stops Literature

Sudden Stops are financial crises defined by a large, sudden current-account reversal. They occur in both advanced and emerging economies and result in deep recessions, collapsing asset prices, and real exchange-rate depreciations. They are preceded by economic expansions, current-account deficits, credit booms, and appreciated asset prices and real exchange rates. Fisherian models (i.e. models with credit constraints linked to market prices) explain these stylized facts as an outcome of Irving Fisher's debt-deflation mechanism. On the normative side, these models feature a pecuniary externality that provides a foundation for macroprudential policy (MPP). We review the stylized facts of Sudden Stops, the evidence on MPP use and effectiveness, and the findings of the literature on Fisherian models. Quantitatively, Fisherian amplification is strong and optimal MPP reduces sharply the size and frequency of crises, but it is also complex and potentially time-inconsistent, and simple MPP rules are less effective. We also provide a new MPP analysis incorporating investment. Using a constant debt-tax policy, we construct a crisis probability-output frontier showing that there is a tradeoff between financial stability and long-run output (i.e., reducing the probability of crises reduces long-run output). (Copyright: Elsevier)
Agency And Constraint: Sterilization And Reproductive Freedom Among Puerto Rican Women In New York City

This research examines the myriad social, historical and personal conditions that have led Puerto Rican women to have one of the highest documented rates of sterilization in New York City. Through the use of the ethnographic method, I examine the interplay between agency and constraints that influence Puerto Rican women's reproductive behavior and shape and limit their fertility options. I also highlight the diversity of their sterilization experiences and reevaluate the appropriateness of the language of choice and resistance in the context of poor women's fertility
The Role of Relationship Norms in Responses to Service Failures

A friendly relationship with a service provider can sometimes decrease the negative feelings that consumers experience as the result of a service failure. However, friendship is not always beneficial. When consumers focus their attention on the provider's obligation to respond to their needs, they react more negatively to a service failure when they are friends of the provider than when they have only a business relationship with him or her. When their attention is drawn to their own obligation in the relationship, however, the reverse is true. This difference is confirmed in four experiments in which the perspective from which participants imagined a service failure was activated either by unrelated experiences before being exposed to the failure or by features of the service encounter itself.
Macroscopic quantum tunneling of vortices in He II.

Experimental evidence is presented showing that the creation of vortices in He II involves macroscopic quantum tunneling through, or thermal activation over, a potential-energy barrier E. The investigations, based on measurements of the rate at which negative ions create vortex rings in the isotopically pure superfluid within the temperature range 50 < T < 500 mK, have yielded a barrier height of E/kB = 3.1 ± 0.1 K, in excellent agreement with the theoretical value predicted by Muirhead, Vinen, and Donnelly.
Topology control protocol using sectorized antennas in dense 802.11 wireless networks

We introduce a measurement-based optimization framework for topology control in dense 802.11 networks using sectorized antennas. We first formulate a topology control optimization problem, where nodes activate their sectorized antenna patterns to minimize network interference and maximize network capacity. In contrast to previous approaches, our formulation is based on a physical interference model that relies on Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements on multiple antenna patterns of each link. We then introduce a distributed measurement protocol to measure RSS of these antenna patterns and a greedy distributed topology control protocol that uses this information to achieve topologies of minimal interference. The protocols are experimentally evaluated on a dense 802.11 wireless testbed. Extensive measurements show that the protocols operate very close to optimal and yield significant increase in network throughput compared to omni-directional antennas. These results hold for various traffic scenarios in both wireless LAN and mesh network configurations.
Prediction of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Humans by Donor Gene-Expression Profiling

Background Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) results from recognition of host antigens by donor T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). Notably, histoincompatibility between donor and recipient is necessary but not sufficient to elicit GVHD. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that some donors may be “stronger alloresponders” than others, and consequently more likely to elicit GVHD. Methods and Findings To this end, we measured the gene-expression profiles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 50 AHCT donors with microarrays. We report that pre-AHCT gene-expression profiling segregates donors whose recipient suffered from GVHD or not. Using quantitative PCR, established statistical tests, and analysis of multiple independent training-test datasets, we found that for chronic GVHD the “dangerous donor” trait (occurrence of GVHD in the recipient) is under polygenic control and is shaped by the activity of genes that regulate transforming growth factor-β signaling and cell proliferation. Conclusions These findings strongly suggest that the donor gene-expression profile has a dominant influence on the occurrence of GVHD in the recipient. The ability to discriminate strong and weak alloresponders using gene-expression profiling could pave the way to personalized transplantation medicine.
Evaporative cooling of sodium atoms.

We have observed evaporative cooling of magnetically trapped sodium atoms. A novel technique, rf induced evaporation, was used to reduce the temperature by a factor of 12 and increase the phase space density by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The elastic collision cross section of cold sodium atoms in the {ital F}=1, {ital m}{sub {ital F}}={minus}1 hyperfine state was determined to be 6{times}10{sup {minus}12} cm{sup 2}, which implies a positive value of the scattering length.
The influence of square voltage rise time on partial discharge spectra

Literature data regarding the behavior of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) under repetitive impulsive voltage waveforms is contradictory. Some authors have found that rise time can lower PDIV, others just the opposite. The picture complicates further when repetitive PDIV (RPDIV) is discussed. In many papers, antenna sensor working in the UHF range were used, but no standardized sensors (and setup geometry) is defined yet. Therefore, if some parameters of the supply waveform could affect partial discharge spectra, that could be one of the possible reasons for the differences reported in literature. In this paper, experiments carried out on crossed pairs subjected to square voltages, aimed at inferring the dependence of rise time on partial discharge pulse spectra, are discussed. The results show that shorter rise times favor the inception of pulses having large magnitude and frequency content. As a consequence, depending on the bandwidth of the sensor-detector chain, PD detection sensitivity can vary with rise time, thus affecting PDIV measurement.
Relación entre Autoconcepto y Condición Física en Alumnos del Tercer Ciclo de Primaria

El proposito de este trabajo ha sido estudiar la relacion entre el autoconcepto y la condicion fisica o condicionamiento fisico en ninos de 10 a 13 anos. La muestra esta constituida por 75 alumnos del Tercer Ciclo de Primaria, de los que 36 eran chicas y 39 chicos. se aplico una bateria de pruebas sobre la condicion fisica y la escala de Autoconcepto de Piers-Harris. Los resultados obtenidos confirman parcialmente la relacion entre autoconcepto y la condicion fisica. No se apreciaron diferencias de sexo, pero si se destacan algunas diferencias segun la edad. en general, los alumnos de mas edad muestran un mejor autoconcepto. Los resultados en la prueba de abdominales muestran una relacion positiva con las dimensiones del autoconcepto referidas a la conducta y a la felicidad. Asimismo, los que mostraban mayores puntuaciones en agilidad mostraban un mejor autoconcepto intelectual.
Prediction of impulse voltage-time characteristics of air and oil insulation for different wavefronts

The insulation of all the power apparatus in the power system are tested with 1.2/50 ¿s standard lightning impulse voltage and this waveshape plays an important role in the insulation coordination of the power system. But in practice all the equipment in the power system are exposed to impulses of varying front times from nano seconds to micro seconds. Hence, it is essential to obtain the voltage-time characteristics of impulses of varying front times. But it is impractical to estimate the insulation strength for all possible impulses. To overcome this difficulty a few impulses of different front times from nano seconds to microseconds are generated and their voltage-time characteristics are obtained for air and oil. From these voltage-time characteristics a generalized mathematical model is obtained by regression analysis to predict the impulse voltage-time characteristics of any wavefront and this mathematical model is experimentally validated.
Respiratory motion prediction for tumor following radiotherapy by using time-variant seasonal autoregressive techniques

We develop a new prediction method of respiratory motion for accurate dynamic radiotherapy, called tumor following radiotherapy. The method is based on a time-variant seasonal autoregressive (TVSAR) model and extended to further capture time-variant and complex nature of various respiratory patterns. The extended TVSAR can represent not only the conventional quasi-periodical nature, but also the residual components, which cannot be expressed by the quasi-periodical model. Then, the residuals are adaptively predicted by using another autoregressive model. The proposed method was tested on 105 clinical data sets of tumor motion. The average errors were 1.28 ± 0.87 mm and 1.75 ± 1.13 mm for 0.5 s and 1.0 s ahead prediction, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform the state-of-the-art prediction methods.
Multispectral four-dimensional imaging reveals that evoked activity modulates peripheral arborization and the selection of plane-polarized targets by sensory neurons

The polarity of apical stereocilia endows hair cells with directional excitability, which in turn enables animals to determine the vectorial component of a sound. Neuromasts of the lateral line of aquatic vertebrates harbor two populations of hair cells that are oriented at 180° relative to each other. The resulting sensory-vectorial ambiguity is solved by lateralis afferent neurons that discriminate between hair cells of opposite polarities to innervate only those with the same orientation. How neurons select identically oriented hair cells remains unknown. To gain insight into the mechanism that underlies this selection, we devised a simple method to gather dynamic morphometric information about axonal terminals in toto by four-dimensional imaging. Applying this strategy to the zebrafish allowed us to correlate hair cell orientation to single afferent neurons at subcellular resolution. Here we show that in zebrafish with absent hair cell mechanoreception, lateralis afferents arborize profusely in the periphery, display less stability, and make improper target selections. Central axons, however, show no dynamic changes and establish normal contacts with the Mauthner cell, a characteristic second-order target in the hindbrain. We propose that the hardwired developmental mechanisms that underlie peripheral arborization and target recognition are modulated by evoked hair cell activity. This interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic cues is essential for plane-polarized target selection by lateralis afferent neurons.
Structural Insights into the Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Activity of Ceftobiprole*

Background: Ceftobiprole is a β-lactam recently developed to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by inhibiting its antibiotic resistance determinant PBP2a. Results: The PBP2a-ceftobiprole complex reveals an extensive binding interface with two distinct inhibitor conformations. Conclusion: Ceftobiprole inhibits PBP2a via increased stabilization of the Michaelis complex followed by acylation. Significance: We report the first structure of a resistant PBP inhibited by a competent anti-MRSA β-lactam. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an antibiotic-resistant strain of S. aureus afflicting hospitals and communities worldwide. Of greatest concern is its development of resistance to current last-line-of-defense antibiotics; new therapeutics are urgently needed to combat this pathogen. Ceftobiprole is a recently developed, latest generation cephalosporin and has been the first to show activity against MRSA by inhibiting essential peptidoglycan transpeptidases, including the β-lactam resistance determinant PBP2a, from MRSA. Here we present the structure of the complex of ceftobiprole bound to PBP2a. This structure provides the first look at the molecular details of an effective β-lactam-resistant PBP interaction, leading to new insights into the mechanism of ceftobiprole efficacy against MRSA.
Antimicrobial activities of chicken β-defensin (4 and 10) peptides against pathogenic bacteria and fungi

Host Defense Peptides (HDPs) are small cationic peptides found in several organisms. They play a vital role in innate immunity response and immunomodulatory stimulation. This investigation was designed to study the antimicrobial activities of β-defensin peptide-4 (sAvBD-4) and 10 (sAvBD-4) derived from chickens against pathogenic organisms including bacteria and fungi. Ten bacterial strains and three fungal species were used in investigation. The results showed that the sAvBD-10 displayed a higher bactericidal potency against all the tested bacterial strains than that of sAvBD-4. The exhibited bactericidal activity was significant against almost the different bacterial strains at different peptide concentrations except for that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Streptococcus bovis (Str. bovis) strains where a moderate effect was noted. Both peptides were effective in the inactivation of fungal species tested yielding a killing rate of up to 95%. The results revealed that the synthetic peptides were resistant to salt at a concentration of 50 mM NaCl. However, they lost antimicrobial potency when applied in the presence of high salt concentrations. Based on blood hemolysis studies, a little hemolytic effect was showed in the case of both peptides even when applied at high concentrations. The data obtained from this study indicated that synthetic avian peptides exhibit strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. In conclusion, future work and research should be tailored to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of those peptides and their potential use in the pharmaceutical industry to help reduce the incidence and impact of infectious agent and be marketed as a naturally occurring antibiotic.
Modeling Extinction Risk of Endemic Birds of Mainland China

The extinction risk of endemic birds of mainland China was modeled over evolutionary time. Results showed that extinction risk of endemic birds in mainland China always tended to be similar within subclades over the evolutionary time of species divergence, and the overall evolution of extinction risk of species presented a conservatism pattern, as evidenced by the disparity-through-time plot. A constant-rate evolutionary model was the best one to quantify the evolution of extinction risk of endemic birds of mainland China. Thus, there was no rate shifting pattern for the evolution of extinction risk of Chinese endemic birds over time. In a summary, extinction risk of endemic birds of mainland China is systematically quantified under the evolutionary framework in the present work.
The Measurement of Vision Disability

The American Medical Association’s (AMA) visual efficiency scale, a vision disability metric based on visual impairment measurements, was adopted in 1925. That scale was based on a 30-year history of theoretical models in vision economics, a misinterpretation of Snellen notation for visual acuity, and an erroneous application of Weber’s psychophysical law. The AMA visual efficiency scale survived uncontested for 75 years. In 2001, the AMA adopted a new vision disability scale based on logarithmic transformations of visual acuity and visual field diameter. Like the earlier visual efficiency scale, the new scale is theoretical—it is not supported by any data that speak to the relationship between vision disability and visual impairments. Attempts to measure vision disability date to the early 1980s with the development of self-assessment visual function rating scale questionnaires. Nearly all of the questionnaires developed over the last 20 years use Likert scales, but use them incorrectly. The development of a vision disability metric based on Likert scaling parallels the historical development of other forms of measurement. A tutorial review of psychometrics—classical test theory, item response theory, and Rasch analysis—shows how vision disability measurement scales can be estimated from Likert-type visual function rating scales. We conclude that preliminary data relating measures of vision disability to measures of visual acuity and visual fields support the new AMA vision disability scale.
Failure to Reduce the Size of Experimentally Produced Myocardial Infarcts by Cortisone Treatment

Cortisone, whether used prophylactically or therapeutically, did not appear to have any beneficial effect in reducing the size of the myocardial infarcts produced by coronary artery ligation in dogs. No significant differences were noted between the control and cortisone-treated animals in respect to the vascularity of the infarcted area or the rate of healing.
A novel, high-throughput workflow for discovery and identification of serum carrier protein-bound peptide biomarker candidates in ovarian cancer samples.

BACKGROUND Most cases of ovarian cancer are detected at later stages when the 5-year survival is approximately 15%, but 5-year survival approaches 90% when the cancer is detected early (stage I). To use mass spectrometry (MS) of serum proteins for early detection, a seamless workflow is needed that provides an opportunity for rapid profiling along with direct identification of the underpinning ions. METHODS We used carrier protein-bound affinity enrichment of serum samples directly coupled with MALDI orthagonal TOF MS profiling to rapidly search for potential ion signatures that contained discriminatory power. These ions were subsequently directly subjected to tandem MS for sequence identification. RESULTS We discovered several biomarker panels that enabled differentiation of stage I ovarian cancer from unaffected (age-matched) patients with no evidence of ovarian cancer, with positive results in >93% of samples from patients with disease-negative results and in 97% of disease-free controls. The carrier protein-based approach identified additional protein fragments, many from low-abundance proteins or proteins not previously seen in serum. CONCLUSIONS This workflow system using a highly reproducible, high-resolution MALDI-TOF platform enables rapid enrichment and profiling of large numbers of clinical samples for discovery of ion signatures and integration of direct sequencing and identification of the ions without need for additional offline, time-consuming purification strategies.
Distribution Patterns of E-Cadherin, Type VII Collagen and Fibronectin in Denture-Related Stomatitis: A Preliminary Study

The distribution of epithelial E-cadherin, basement membrane type VII collagen, and underlying connective tissues fibronectin were investigated immunohistochemically and compared in normal palatal mucosa and in denture-related stomatitis (DRS) derivatives using monoclonal antibodies.Biopsies of palatal mucosa were obtained from twelve patients enrolled in this study, 8 with type II DRS and 4 with healthy mucosa. Our findings bring to the fore, using the expression of three components (E-cadherin, collagen type VII, fibronectin), the continuities of the disorder among epithelial, basement membrane and connective tissue in the case of DRS. In type II denture-related stomatitis, we found an expression of E-cadherinin all the strata of epithelia, and the diffuse and strong expression of type VII collagen at the interface between connective tissue and epithelial cells with discontinuities in BM. The strong expression of fibronectin in underlying connective tissue with penetration in some areas of the palatal mucosa may be an early consequence of advanced DRS. Nevertheless; no single change is pathognomonic of this inflammatory process. In normal tissues (healthy clinical aspect), E-cadherin was found to be restricted to the upper strata of the epithelia, and type VII collagen revealed thin linear staining in the basement membrane and fibronectin in underlying connective tissue combined epithelia. In the case of denture-related stomatitis DRS, these three markers reflect the immunohistological modifications from the superficial layer of the epithelium to the lamina propria.