Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rock Varnish Cation-Ratios May not be a Reliable Method for Dating Lithic Artifacts

Previous research suggested that the chemical composition of rock varnish, a micrometer thick Si/AI/Mn/Fe coating, changed predictably through time and so could be used as a chronometer. In particular, the cation ratio, (Ca+K)/Ti, was posited to decrease as the varnish aged. However, many earlier varnish studies were not well documented and were based on chemical analyses now shown to be inaccurate. This paper describes a test and the first direct comparison between two different analytic methods used previously to “cation-ratio date” archeologic and geologic materials. It provides methodology sufficiently detailed for replication of analytical and sampling techniques. Our analyses of rock varnish from a prehistoric chert quarry in California show that the two principal methods used to “cation-ratio date” rock varnish generate consistently different elemental abundances and are therefore not comparable. Neither analytic method produced a significant time-dependent trend in varnish chemistry, suggesting rock varnish cation ratios are not a reproducible and thus probably not a reliable way to date lithic artifacts.
Early major complications after bariatric surgery in the USA, 2003–2014: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

The effectiveness of bariatric surgery has been well‐studied. However, complications after bariatric surgery have been understudied. This review assesses <30‐d major complications associated with bariatric procedures, including anastomotic leak, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. This review included 71 studies conducted in the USA between 2003 and 2014 and 107,874 patients undergoing either gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy, with mean age of 44 years and pre‐surgery body mass index of 46.5 kg m−2. Less than 30‐d anastomotic leak rate was 1.15%; myocardial infarction rate was 0.37%; pulmonary embolism rate was 1.17%. Among all patients, mortality rate following anastomotic leak, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism was 0.12%, 0.37% and 0.18%, respectively. Among surgical procedures, <30‐d after surgery, sleeve gastrectomy (1.21% [95% confidence interval, 0.23–2.19%]) had higher anastomotic leak rate than gastric bypass (1.14% [95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.43%]); gastric bypass had higher rates of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism than adjustable gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy. During the review, we found that the quality of complication reporting is lower than the reporting of other outcomes. In summary, <30‐d rates of the three major complications after either one of the procedures range from 0% to 1.55%. Mortality following these complications ranges from 0% to 0.64%. Future studies reporting complications after bariatric surgery should improve their reporting quality.
Current Insights into Oral Cancer Epigenetics

Epigenetic modifications have emerged into one of the cancer hallmarks, replacing the concept of malignant pathologies as being solely genetic-based conditions. The epigenetic landscape is responsible for normal development but also for the heterogeneity among tissues in terms of gene expression patterns. Dysregulation in these mechanisms has been associated with disease stage, and increased attention is now granted to cancer in order to take advantage of these modifications in terms of novel therapeutic strategies or diagnosis/prognosis tools. Oral cancer has also been subjected to epigenetic analysis with numerous studies revealing that the development and progression of this malignancy are partially induced by an altered epigenetic substrate together with genetic alterations and prolonged exposure to environmental risk factors. The present review summarizes the most important epigenetic modifications associated with oral cancer and also their potential to be used as new therapeutic targets.
Obinutuzumab, a potent anti–B-cell agent, for rituximab-unresponsive IgM anti-MAG neuropathy

Anti-MAG demyelinating neuropathy is difficult to treat. All immunotherapies have failed except for rituximab, a chimeric B-cell–depleting monoclonal antibody against CD20, that helps up to 40% of patients based on 2 controlled and several uncontrolled series.1–3 Because the majority of these patients are left disabled, stronger anti–B-cell agents might be promising.
Perseverative Cognitions and Stress Exposure: Comparing Relationships With Psychological Health Across a Diverse Adult Sample.

Background Both exposure to stress and perseverative cognitions (PCs)-repetitive cognitive representations of real or imagined stressors-are linked with poor psychological health. Yet, stress exposure and PCs are correlated, thus potentially obscuring any unique effects. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to concurrently test associations between stress exposure and PCs and psychological health to examine the independent relationship of each with psychological health. Moreover, we examined whether these relationships are similar across sex, age, and race. Methods An adult community sample (n = 302) completed a measure of stress exposure, three PCs scales, and questionnaires assessing self-reported psychological health, including emotional well-being, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to personal problems, subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and poor sleep quality. Results Structural equation modeling was used to test a model in which both stress exposure and PCs predict psychological health. PCs consistently predicted all the psychological health outcomes, but stress was largely unrelated to the outcomes despite bivariate correlations suggesting a relationship. A follow-up model identified indirect effects of stress exposure on psychological health via PCs. Results were fairly consistent regardless of one's sex, age, or race. Conclusions PCs robustly predicted all of the psychological health outcomes, intimating PCs as a common pathway to poor psychological health. Results have implications for stress interventions, including the need to address PCs after experiencing stress.
Higher chlorzoxazone clearance in obese children compared with nonobese peers

To test the in vivo activity of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 in obese children vs. nonobese children, aged 11–18 years. Secondly, whether the activity of CYP2E1 in these patients is associated with NALFD, diabetes or hyperlipidaemia.
A Reciprocal Model of Face Recognition and Autistic Traits: Evidence from an Individual Differences Perspective

Although not a core symptom of the disorder, individuals with autism often exhibit selective impairments in their face processing abilities. Importantly, the reciprocal connection between autistic traits and face perception has rarely been examined within the typically developing population. In this study, university participants from the social sciences, physical sciences, and humanities completed a battery of measures that assessed face, object and emotion recognition abilities, general perceptual-cognitive style, and sub-clinical autistic traits (the Autism Quotient (AQ)). We employed separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses to evaluate which factors could predict face recognition scores and AQ scores. Gender, object recognition performance, and AQ scores predicted face recognition behaviour. Specifically, males, individuals with more autistic traits, and those with lower object recognition scores performed more poorly on the face recognition test. Conversely, university major, gender and face recognition performance reliably predicted AQ scores. Science majors, males, and individuals with poor face recognition skills showed more autistic-like traits. These results suggest that the broader autism phenotype is associated with lower face recognition abilities, even among typically developing individuals.
Laboratory Evaluation of Avian Odors for Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Attraction

Abstract Attraction of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Aedes aegypti (L.) to avian and other host odors was investigated in a dual-port olfactometer. Although attraction to a human arm was high for Ae. aegypti (>80%) and low for all Culex spp. (<25%), all species responded similarly to a chicken (55.3–73.6%). Responses of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. nigripalpus to feathers were low (<20%) but greater than to controls. There was no difference in attraction of Cx. tarsalis to feathers or controls. Responses to CO2 (5 ml/min) were low for all species (<15%) except Cx. tarsalis, which were moderate (24.5%). When feathers were combined with CO2, the resulting attraction was additive or lower than responses to feather and CO2 alone for all species except for Cx. tarsalis, which had responses that were three-fold greater than expected if responses were additive. The CO2–feather treatments were less attractive than a chicken for all species. When olfactometer assays were extended from 3 to 20 min, responses by Ae. aegypti significantly increased to a chicken and CO2 and attraction of Cx. quinquefasciatus significantly greater to chickens, CO2, and feathers. None of the volatile compounds previously identified from feathers or uropygial glands tested were attractive. Both feather-rubbed cotton balls and hexane extracts of feathers were attractive and as attractive as feathers; however, ether extracts were not attractive. Feathers clearly contribute to the attraction of host-seeking Culex spp. , and future studies will focus on identification of the attractant compounds.
Real-world evaluation of compliance and preference in Alzheimer’s disease treatment: an observational study in Taiwan

Purpose Among the medications approved for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), rivastigmine is the only one available as transdermal patch. The aim of this study was to evaluate compliance and caregivers’ preference with oral and transdermal (rivastigmine) monotherapy in patients with mild-to-moderate AD from Taiwan. Methods Real-world Evaluation of Compliance And Preference in Alzheimer’s disease treatment (RECAP) in Taiwan was a prospective, noninterventional, observational study with a 24-week (±8 weeks) observational period for each participant. Eligible patients were grouped into one of the two treatment cohorts based on the baseline AD therapy: oral (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, or memantine) or transdermal (rivastigmine patch). The primary end points were caregiver preference and caregiver assessment of patients’ compliance to the current medication (oral or transdermal medication) at Week 24 (end of the study). Safety was assessed by recording any adverse events. Results A total of 301 patients (age: 77.6±7.19 years) were enrolled from nine centers in Taiwan, of whom 138 (45.8%) patients were in the transdermal monotherapy cohort. Caregivers of patients who were exposed to both forms of therapies demonstrated a higher preference for transdermal rivastigmine monotherapy than the oral monotherapy (82.4% [n=61] versus 17.6% [n=13], P<0.0001); for patients treated with only one therapy, the caregivers’ preference was significantly in favor of the treatment to which the patient was exposed (both P<0.0001). In both cohorts, patients showed good compliance, with an overall score of 8.65±1.38 on an 11-point scale. Of 301 enrolled patients, 102 (33.9%) reported at least one adverse event during the study (51 patients each in the two cohorts). Conclusion With the higher caregiver preference and a good patient compliance, the trans-dermal rivastigmine patch is a suitable treatment choice for patients with mild-to-moderate AD, especially for patients intolerant to oral therapies.
Promoting relaxation using virtual reality, olfactory interfaces and wearable EEG

The ability to relax is sometimes challenging to achieve, nevertheless it is extremely important for mental and physical health, particularly to effectively manage stress and anxiety. We propose a virtual reality experience that integrates a wearable, low-cost EEG headband and an olfactory necklace that passively promotes relaxation. The physiological response was measured from the EEG signal. Relaxation scores were computed from EEG frequency bands associated with a relaxed mental state using an entropy-based signal processing approach. The subjective perception of relaxation was determined using a questionnaire. A user study involving 12 subjects showed that the subjective perception of relaxation increased by 26.1 % when using a VR headset with the olfactory necklace, compared to not being exposed to any stimulus. Similarly, the physiological response also increased by 25.0 %. The presented work is the first Virtual Reality Therapy system that uses scent in a wearable manner and proves its effectiveness to increase relaxation in everyday life situations.
Valorisation of waste expanded polystyrene in concrete using a novel recycling technique

This study examines the engineering properties of lightweight aggregate concretes (LWACs) incorporating a novel Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)-based lightweight aggregated called Stabilised Polystyrene (SPS). The SPS aggregate was produced by 80% waste EPS, 10% clay and 10% cement. The influence of the increasing incorporation of SPS on the workability, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, drying shrinkage, expansion and water absorption (WA) of the different concretes has been investigated. The results showed that the use of SPS enabled to reduce the density of concrete by 8–52% compared to that of the control concrete. The reduction in density was due to the increase in total porosity in the lightweight concretes (LWCs), which also induced higher WA, drying shrinkage and expansion. The 28-day compressive strength of the LWAC was in the range of 4.6–16.4 MPa; thus, the concrete mixture with the higher performances almost satisfied the mechanical and density criteria of structural LWC. These results show that the utilisation of SPS for the manufacture of LWACs is possible.
Association between Vitamin D deficiency and psoriasis: An exploratory study

Introduction: Deficiency of Vitamin D is a widespread problem. Vitamin D could have important immune modulatory effects in psoriasis. Objective: Aimed to review and endeavored to establish the relationship, if any, between deficiency of Vitamin D and psoriasis. Methods: Leading studies that examined the relationship between deficiency of Vitamin D and psoriasis were reviewed from July2016 to October 2016. An electronic published work search was performed using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library. Results: A total of 2132 eligible articles were identified by the electronic search. The titles and abstracts of 954 articles fulfilled the criteria of midline search. 20 articles were included after application of inclusion standards and full-text review. These 20 studies included 2046 psoriatic patients with or without arthritis and 6508 healthy controls. 14 studies show a positive correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and psoriasis. These 14 studies included 1249 psoriatic patients with or without arthritis and 680 healthy controls. Remaining six studies, including 797 psoriatic patients with or without arthritis and 5828 healthy controls do not depict a positive correlation between the two variables under study. Conclusion: There exists a correlation of psoriasis with deficiency of Vitamin D. However, there is a need for larger scale case–control studies to assess how far Vitamin D deficiency plays a role in psoriasis.
Molecular Structural Changes in Alfalfa Detected by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy in Response to Silencing of TT8 and HB12 Genes

This study investigated the spectral changes in alfalfa molecular structures induced by silencing of Transparent Testa 8 (TT8) and Homeobox 12 (HB12) genes with univariate and multivariate analyses. TT8-silenced (TT8i), HB12-silenced (HB12i) and wild type (WT) alfalfa were grown in a greenhouse under normal conditions and were harvested at early-to-mid vegetative stage. Samples were free-dried and grounded through 0.02 mm sieve for spectra collections with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Afterwards, both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on amide, carbohydrate and lipid regions. Univariate results showed that silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes affected peak heights of most total carbohydrate (TC) and structural carbohydrate (STC), and structural carbohydrate area (STCA) in carbohydrate regions; and β-sheet height, amide areas, and ratios of amide I/II and α-helix/β-sheet in amide region; and symmetric CH2 (SyCH2), asymmetric CH2 (AsCH2) and (a)symmetric CH2 and CH3 area (ASCCA) in the lipid region. Multivariate analysis showed that both hierarchy cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated WT from transgenic plants in all carbohydrate regions and (a)symmetric CH2 and CH3 (ASCC) lipid region. In the amide region, PCA separated WT, TT8i and HB12i into different groups, while HCA clustered WT into a separate group. In conclusion, silencing of TT8 and HB12 affected intrinsic molecular structures of both amide and carbohydrate profiles in alfalfa, and multivariate analyses successfully distinguished gene-silenced alfalfa from its parental WT control.
Evolutionary Dynamics in the Southwest Indian Ocean Marine Biodiversity Hotspot: A Perspective from the Rocky Shore Gastropod Genus Nerita

The Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) is a striking marine biodiversity hotspot. Coral reefs in this region host a high proportion of endemics compared to total species richness and they are particularly threatened by human activities. The island archipelagos with their diverse marine habitats constitute a natural laboratory for studying diversification processes. Rocky shores in the SWIO region have remained understudied. This habitat presents a high diversity of molluscs, in particular gastropods. To explore the role of climatic and geological factors in lineage diversification within the genus Nerita, we constructed a new phylogeny with an associated chronogram from two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 and 16S rRNA], combining previously published and new data from eight species sampled throughout the region. All species from the SWIO originated less than 20 Ma ago, their closest extant relatives living in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA). Furthermore, the SWIO clades within species with Indo-Pacific distribution ranges are quite recent, less than 5 Ma. These results suggest that the regional diversification of Nerita is closely linked to tectonic events in the SWIO region. The Reunion mantle plume head reached Earth’s surface 67 Ma and has been stable and active since then, generating island archipelagos, some of which are partly below sea level today. Since the Miocene, sea-level fluctuations have intermittently created new rocky shore habitats. These represent ephemeral stepping-stones, which have likely facilitated repeated colonization by intertidal gastropods, like Nerita populations from the IAA, leading to allopatric speciation. This highlights the importance of taking into account past climatic and geological factors when studying diversification of highly dispersive tropical marine species. It also underlines the unique history of the marine biodiversity of the SWIO region.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF "BALL RUBBER BEARINGS" AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

iv ÖZ. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ix TABLE OF CONTENTS . x LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiv LIST OF SYMBOLS . xvii ABBREVIATIONS . xxi CHAPTERS
The global burden of diagnostic errors in primary care

Diagnosis is one of the most important tasks performed by primary care physicians. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently prioritized patient safety areas in primary care, and included diagnostic errors as a high-priority problem. In addition, a recent report from the Institute of Medicine in the USA, ‘Improving Diagnosis in Health Care’, concluded that most people will likely experience a diagnostic error in their lifetime. In this narrative review, we discuss the global significance, burden and contributory factors related to diagnostic errors in primary care. We synthesize available literature to discuss the types of presenting symptoms and conditions most commonly affected. We then summarize interventions based on available data and suggest next steps to reduce the global burden of diagnostic errors. Research suggests that we are unlikely to find a ‘magic bullet’ and confirms the need for a multifaceted approach to understand and address the many systems and cognitive issues involved in diagnostic error. Because errors involve many common conditions and are prevalent across all countries, the WHO’s leadership at a global level will be instrumental to address the problem. Based on our review, we recommend that the WHO consider bringing together primary care leaders, practicing frontline clinicians, safety experts, policymakers, the health IT community, medical education and accreditation organizations, researchers from multiple disciplines, patient advocates, and funding bodies among others, to address the many common challenges and opportunities to reduce diagnostic error. This could lead to prioritization of practice changes needed to improve primary care as well as setting research priorities for intervention development to reduce diagnostic error.
Please Scroll down for Article the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Impaired Task Switching Performance in Children with Dyslexia but Not in Children with Autism

(2010) 'Impaired task switching performance in children with dyslexia but not in children with autism', This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
M2M Communications for Smart City: An Event-Based Architecture

Machine to machine (M2M) communications will lead to dramatic changes in the applications and services offered to citizens, allowing smart city to become a reality. In this article, we first introduce the new tendency in M2M development and analyze the construction frame of application systems in smart city. Then, an event-based architecture depending on SOFIA project is built to allow the management and cooperation among M2M components by mean of event manager. Based on this architecture, we conduct a case study in a vehicular context. M2M network architecture is introduced for vehicular networks. Finally, an event processing flow of vehicle maintenance services is designed to manage the mission-critical wireless messages.