Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Durkheimian sociology and 20th-century politics: the case of Célestin Bouglé

This article revises received wisdom about the Durkheimian school of sociology and its relationship to Marxism by analyzing the work of Célestin Bouglé, one of the most influential and least examined sociologists of the Durkheimian tradition. Like other better-known Durkheimians of his generation such as Marcel Mauss and Maurice Halbwachs, Bouglé engaged Durkheimian sociology with Marxian and other German traditions of social thought. In the process he also paid an important debt to the French socialists that Marx and so many French Marxists have denigrated as ‘utopian’, especially Saint-Simon, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Charles Fourier. In fact, the concerns of Bouglé’s political sociology and Durkheimian sociology more generally are indissociable from the politics of Third Republic France.
Free 25(OH)D and the Vitamin D Paradox in African Americans.

CONTEXT African Americans have a lower total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] but superior bone health. This has been referred to as a paradox. A recent publication found that free serum 25(OH)D is the same in black and white individuals. However, the study was criticized because an indirect method was used to measure free 25(OH)D. A direct method has recently been developed. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that although total serum 25(OH)D is lower in African Americans, free serum 25(OH)D measured directly would not differ between races. DESIGN White and black healthy postmenopausal women were matched for age and body mass index. Serum total 25(OH)D, PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and bone density were measured. Measurement of free 25(OH)D was carried out using an ELISA. SETTING The study was conducted at an ambulatory research unit in a teaching hospital. OUTCOME A cross-racial comparison of serum free 25(OH)D was performed. RESULTS A propensity match resulted in the selection of a total of 164 women. Total 25(OH)D was lower in black women (19.5 ± 4.7 vs 26.9 ± 6.4 ng/mL), but a direct measurement of free 25(OH)D revealed almost identical values (5.25 ± 1.2 vs 5.25 ± 1.3 ng/mL) between races. VDBP was significantly lower in blacks when using a monoclonal-based ELISA but higher with a polyclonal-based ELISA. Serum PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and bone density were higher in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS Free serum 25(OH)D is the same across races despite the lower total serum 25(OH)D in black women. Results comparing VDBP between races using a monoclonal vs a polyclonal assay were discordant.
The Social Class Basis of Ethnic Residential Segregation: The Canadian Case

Census data for Toronto in 1961 are employed to determine the patterns of residential segregation along three separate dimensions of ethnicity-ethnic origin, birthplace, and mother tongue. For each of these ethnic characteristics, published and unpublished data are used to generate the "expected" patterns of segregation based only on the differences in education, occupation, and income composition between various groups. The SES differences by themselves account for only relatively small proportions of the ethnic residential segregation in all cases. Special-run cross tabulations show, further, that mother-tongue and birthplace groups with similar occupation or income statuses are no less segregated than total ethnic populations. In contrast with accounts of racial residential segregation, the prevailing socioeconomic interpretation of the segregation of immigrants and other ethnic groups has been accepted too uncritically.
Dimensions of Attitudes toward Women in the Military: Factor Analysis of the Women in the Military Scale

This study describes the factor structure of the Women in the Military Scale and compares scores obtained on 127 women surveyed approximately three years after the conclusion of the Gulf war with scores from 97 women surveyed during the war. Factor analysis yielded three primary factors reflecting equal competence of women and men in the military, having children in the context of military life, and family role and the place of women in combat. No difference in over-all scores was obtained between the two groups of women.
Conversational Peers and Idea Generation: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Abstract When do conversations lead people to generate better ideas? We conducted a field experiment at a startup bootcamp to evaluate the impact of informal conversations on the quality of product ideas generated by participants. Specifically, we examine how the personality of an innovator (openness to experience, capturing creativity) and the personalities of her randomly assigned conversational peers (extroversion, measuring willingness to share information) affects the innovator's ideas. We find that open innovators who spoke with extroverted peers generated significantly better ideas than others at the bootcamp. However, closed individuals produced mediocre ideas regardless with who they spoke, suggesting limited benefits of conversations for these people. More surprisingly, open individuals, who are believed to be inherently creative, produced worse ideas after they spoke with introverted peers, suggesting individual creativity's dependence on external information. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the traits of both innovators and their conversational peers in predicting when conversations will lead to better ideas.
Sperm DNA damage in men from infertile couples.

AIM To investigate the prevalence of high levels of sperm DNA damage among men from infertile couples with both normal and abnormal standard semen parameters. METHODS A total of 350 men from infertile couples were assessed. Standard semen analysis and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) were carried out. RESULTS Ninety-seven men (28% of the whole study group) had a DNA fragmentation index (DFI)> 20%, and 43 men (12%) had a DFI>30%. In the group of men with abnormal semen parameters (n = 224), 35% had a DFI>20%, and 16% had a DFI>30%, whereas these numbers were 15% and 5%, respectively, in the group of men with normal semen parameters (n=126). Men with low sperm motility and abnormal morphology had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for having a DFI>20% (4.0 for motility and 1.9 for morphology) and DFI>30% (6.2 for motility and 2.8 for morphology) compared with men with normal sperm motility and morphology. CONCLUSION In almost one-third of unselected men from infertile couples, the DFI exceeded the level of 20% above which, according to previous studies, the in vivo fertility is reduced. A significant proportion of men with otherwise normal semen parameters also had high sperm DNA damage levels. Thus, the SCSA test could add to explaining causes of infertility in cases where semen analysis has not shown any deviation from the norm. We also recommend running the SCSA test to choose the appropriate assisted reproductive technique (ART).
Knowing Your Place: The Formation and Sustenance of Class-Based Place Identity

Abstract This paper argues that the significance of place has for too long been overlooked within housing studies, rarely meriting more consideration than providing a descriptive backdrop. The emphasis on descriptive backdrop is due to place more often being examined and conceptualized in physical terms, rather than as a social construct. Only through understanding how place becomes bonded to a specific class-based identity can the explanatory potential of place be fully realized. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to engage with Bourdieu’s “theory of practice”, as it embraces the different forms of capital, their respective symbolic constructions and how these interplay within his twin notions of “field” and “habitus”. By using Bourdieu’s theoretical framework to analyse empirical data derived from the Scottish city of Stirling, it is possible to reveal just how class-based place identities are constructed and reproduced. Conceptualizing place in such terms can enhance our understanding of social structures, social hierarchies and how the process of social change influences and impacts upon housing. Revealing the processes by which individuals come to “know their place” addresses a long-acknowledged weakness in housing studies.
Social networks and well-being: a comparison of older people in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries.

OBJECTIVES This study examined whether the social networks of older persons in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries were appreciably different and whether they functioned in similar ways in relation to well-being outcomes. METHODS The sample included family household respondents aged 60 years and older from the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in 5 Mediterranean (n = 3,583) and 7 non-Mediterranean (n = 5,471) countries. Region was regressed separately by gender on variables from 4 network domains: structure and interaction, exchange, engagement and relationship quality, and controlling for background and health characteristics. In addition, 2 well-being outcomes-depressive symptoms and perceived income inadequacy-were regressed on the study variables, including regional social network interaction terms. RESULTS The results revealed differences across the 2 regional settings in each of the realms of social network, above and beyond the differences that exist in background characteristics and health status. The findings also showed that the social network variables had different effects on the well-being outcomes in the respective settings. DISCUSSION The findings underscore that the social network phenomenon is contextually bound. The social networks of older people should be seen within their unique regional milieu and in relation to the values and social norms that prevail in different sets of societies.
New perspectives on an ol' variable: (t,d) in British English

A quantitative analysis of -t,-d deletion in contemporary British English reveals that preceding and following phonological contexts are significant, indicating that there is a universal constraint on -t,-d deletion consistent with universal phonetic and phonological properties of segments. However, in contrast to previous research, morphological class is not significant. Furthermore, our results do not support the hypothesis that -t,-d deletion is a variable rule that applies both lexically and postlexically. In sum, -t,-d deletion is a robust phenomenon in contemporary British English, but there are striking differences between British and North American varieties. Such differences suggest that -t,-d deletion is an ideal case study for further investigation of the phonology-phonetics interface, and adds to the available evidence from which an explanatory account of -t,-d deletion can be constructed.The first author acknowledges with gratitude the generous support of the Economic and Social Research Council of the United Kingdom (the ESRC) for research grant #R000238287, Grammatical Variation and Change in British English: Perspectives from York. We are also grateful to Ms. Heather A. Davies, who made it possible for us to work for a time in the same geographical location, as a result of which our original conception of the article was transformed. We would like to thank members of the phonetics/phonology research group at the University of York and our audiences at the following conferences for their comments and suggestions: VIEW 2000, University of Essex; NWAV 30, North Carolina State University, 2001; and the Biennial Meeting of the British Association of Academic Phoneticians, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne 2002. Our anonymous reviewers deserve special mention as their insights prompted exacting revisions to our original manuscript. The result, we believe, is a stronger article; however, if points of contention remain, we welcome further discussion.
An Experimental Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Price Combinatorial Auctions

Combinatorial auctions are used for the efficient allocation of heterogeneous goods and services. They require appropriate software platforms that provide automated winner determination and decision support for bidders. Several promising ascending combinatorial auction formats have been developed throughout the past few years based on primal-dual algorithms and linear programming theory. The ascending proxy auction and iBundle result in Vickrey payoffs when the coalitional value function satisfies buyer submodularity conditions and bidders bid their best responses. These auction formats are based on nonlinear and personalized ask prices. In addition, there are a number of designs with linear prices that have performed well in experiments, the approximate linear prices auction, and the combinatorial clock auction. In this paper, we provide the results of lab experiments that tested these different auction formats in the same setting. We analyze aggregate metrics such as efficiency and auctioneer revenue for small-and medium-sized value models. In addition, we provide a detailed analysis not only of aggregate performance metrics but also of individual bidding behaviour under alternative combinatorial auction formats.
Please Scroll down for Article the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Improving Conditional Discrimination Learning and Memory in Five-year-old Children: Differential Outcomes Effect Using Different Types of Reinforcement

(2009)'Improving conditional discrimination learning and memory in five-year-old children: Differential outcomes effect using different types of reinforcement',The This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Circle Time: The perceptions of teachers and pupils

The interest of teachers and educational psychologists in circle time has grown over recent years, and there has been an explosion of publications offering activities and curriculum on the subject. Despite this expansion in publications, there has not been an accompanying growth in efficacy-based research about circle time. The current literature contains little evidence of its effectiveness. The present paper outlines a research study, undertaken within one local education authority and as part of the researcher's work on the Education Doctorate programme at Sheffield University, that aimed to investigate teacher and pupil perceptions of circle time. It concludes that both groups view circle time as a positive intervention. The study raises questions about the possibilities regarding socially mediated learning.
Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Control Revealed by a Systematic and Quantitative Overexpression Screen in S. cerevisiae

Regulation of cell cycle progression is fundamental to cell health and reproduction, and failures in this process are associated with many human diseases. Much of our knowledge of cell cycle regulators derives from loss-of-function studies. To reveal new cell cycle regulatory genes that are difficult to identify in loss-of-function studies, we performed a near-genome-wide flow cytometry assay of yeast gene overexpression-induced cell cycle delay phenotypes. We identified 108 genes whose overexpression significantly delayed the progression of the yeast cell cycle at a specific stage. Many of the genes are newly implicated in cell cycle progression, for example SKO1, RFA1, and YPR015C. The overexpression of RFA1 or YPR015C delayed the cell cycle at G2/M phases by disrupting spindle attachment to chromosomes and activating the DNA damage checkpoint, respectively. In contrast, overexpression of the transcription factor SKO1 arrests cells at G1 phase by activating the pheromone response pathway, revealing new cross-talk between osmotic sensing and mating. More generally, 92%–94% of the genes exhibit distinct phenotypes when overexpressed as compared to their corresponding deletion mutants, supporting the notion that many genes may gain functions upon overexpression. This work thus implicates new genes in cell cycle progression, complements previous screens, and lays the foundation for future experiments to define more precisely roles for these genes in cell cycle progression.
Chemoimmunotherapy with ofatumumab in combination with CHOP in previously untreated follicular lymphoma

An international, Phase II trial was conducted to assess two doses of ofatumumab, a human CD20 monoclonal antibody, combined with cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), prednisone (100 mg days 3–7) and vincristine (1·4 mg/m2) (O‐CHOP), as frontline treatment for follicular lymphoma (FL). 59 patients with previously untreated FL were randomized to ofatumumab 500 mg (n = 29) or 1000 mg (n = 30) day 1, with CHOP on day 3 every 3 weeks for six cycles. Median duration of FL was 0·1 years for both dose groups; 34% and 38% of patients had high‐risk Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) scores in the 500‐ and 1000‐mg dose groups, respectively. Overall response rate was 90% for the 500‐mg group and 100% for the 1000‐mg group. 62% of patients achieved complete response (CR)/unconfirmed CR (CRu). 76% of patients with FLIPI score 3–5 attained CR/CRu. Longer follow‐up time is needed for analysis of survival end points. The most common Common Terminology Criteria grade 3–4 investigator‐reported adverse events were leucopenia (29%) and neutropenia (22%). No deaths have been reported. O‐CHOP was safe and efficacious in patients with previously untreated FL, including high‐risk FLIPI groups. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT00494780).
The Conners Teacher Rating Scale: A different factor structure with special education children†

The Conners Teacher Rating Scale was completed as part of a comprehensive psychological evaluation of 138 children who were subsequently placed into one of four special education classrooms in a large metropolitan public school system. The questionnaires were subjected to principle components analysis with varimax rotation, and comparisons were made between the newly created factor structure and Conners' (1969, 1973) original factor solution. Finally, comparison of behavioral profiles of the four special education groups was done according to both factor solutions.
Cardiomyopathy associated with Wegener’s granulomatosis

A 35-year-old man with no history of cardiovascular disease presented with severe biventricular heart failure, after a 6-week history of fever, rigor, weight loss and unresolving gingivitis. An electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia with T-wave flattening, and chest x ray examination confirmed congestive heart failure and cardiomegaly. Serum troponin I …
On‐site, serial exposure of female fathead minnows to the Elkhorn River, Nebraska, USA, spring agrichemical pulse

In the Midwestern United States, waterways such as the Elkhorn River experience an annual spring pulse of runoff that carries sediments, nutrients, and organic compounds downstream. The objective of the present study was to elucidate relationships between contaminant load in Elkhorn River water and biological impacts on female fathead minnows throughout the entire spring agrichemical pulse. Fish were maintained in on‐site outdoor microcosms at the Elkhorn River Research Station. The start of the spring pulse was determined using commercially available atrazine strips that detected atrazine when concentrations exceeded 3 ppb. Once the pulse began, 5 serial 7‐d exposures were conducted. Concentrations of atrazine, its metabolites, and 5 other herbicides were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Agrichemicals peaked during the first and second weeks of the pulse, with a smaller peak occurring during week 4, but the peaks were not directly associated with runoff events (as estimated from river discharge). Elevated agrichemical concentrations were associated with biological impacts, but not solely responsible. In the present study, differences in the abiotic environment were found to play a significant role in the defeminization of exposed female fathead minnows. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1354–1361. © 2015 SETAC
Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow Autoregulation during Changes in Arterial Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Subjects

Aim In the present study the response of optic nerve head blood flow to an increase in ocular perfusion pressure during isometric exercise was studied. Based on our previous studies we hypothesized that subjects with an abnormal blood flow response, defined as a decrease in blood flow of more than 10% during or after isometric exercise, could be identified. Methods A total of 40 healthy subjects were included in this study. Three periods of isometric exercise were scheduled, each consisting of 2 minutes of handgripping. Optic nerve head blood flow was measured continuously before, during and after handgripping using laser Doppler flowmetry. Blood pressure was measured non-invasively in one-minute intervals. Intraocular pressure was measured at the beginning and the end of the measurements and ocular perfusion pressure was calculated as 2/3*mean arterial pressure –intraocular pressure. Results Isometric exercise was associated with an increase in ocular perfusion pressure during all handgripping periods (p < 0.001). By contrast no change in optic nerve head blood flow was seen. However, in a subgroup of three subjects blood flow showed a consistent decrease of more than 10% during isometric exercise although their blood pressure values increased. In addition, three other subjects showed a consistent decline of blood flow of more than 10% during the recovery periods. Conclusion Our data confirm previous results indicating that optic nerve head blood flow is autoregulated during an increase in perfusion pressure. In addition, we observed a subgroup of 6 subjects (15%) that showed an abnormal response, which is in keeping with our previous data. The mechanisms underlying this abnormal response remain to be shown.
A Place for Critical Literacy.

The critical literacy classroom is characterized by an emphasis on students' voices and on dialogue as a tool with which students reflect on and construct meanings from texts and discourses. Is it appropriate, however, to teach critical literacy in settings such as penal institutions where student voices are deliberately discouraged and silenced? Despite the challenges involved in implementing critical literacy practices in both traditional and alternative schools, critical literacy has a place in all classrooms, but is particularly appropriate for adult inmate students struggling to understand their own marginalized status both within the institution itself and in society. The critical literacy teacher must find a balance between respecting the institution's rules and procedures and protecting the school and its students from domination by the institution. This balance is necessary if inmate students are to gain experience with a wide variety of diverse and competing perspectives that is required to foster critical consciousness and self-awareness.