Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism During the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE: To determine, from the literature, the risk of venous thromboembolism during the postpartum period. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for all articles (in all languages) published in peer-reviewed journals from database inception through May 2010 for evidence related to incidence of venous thromboembolism in postpartum women. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: We included studies reporting relative risk, incidence rate, or cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism in postpartum women. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: We included 15 articles reporting findings from 13 studies. Two studies directly comparing venous thromboembolism during the first 6 weeks postpartum to nonpregnant, nonpostpartum women reported relative effect measures of 21.5 (rate ratio; 95% confidence interval [CI] unable to be calculated) and 84 (odds ratio; 95% CI 31.7–222.6), respectively. A third study reported relative effect measures for deep venous thrombosis (15.2, 95% CI 13.2–17.6; standardized incidence ratio) and pulmonary embolism (9.2, 95% CI 6.5–12.7) separately. Three studies reported incidence rates of venous thromboembolism during the postpartum period (range 25–99 per 10,000 woman-years). We compared these incidence rates to baseline rates among nonpregnant, nonpostpartum women reported in the literature to generate rate ratios; these rate ratios ranged from 2.5 to 21.5. Nine studies reported cumulative incidence proportions of postpartum venous thromboembolism, ranging from 0.14 to 3.24 per 1,000 deliveries at 6 weeks postpartum. Incidence of venous thromboembolism was highest immediately after delivery (standardized incidence ratio for deep venous thrombosis 115.1 [95% CI 96.4–137.0], and for pulmonary embolism 80.7 [95% CI 53.9–117.9]); between 4 and 6 weeks postpartum, risk declined but was still approximately five-times to seven-times that of nonpregnant, nonpostpartum women. CONCLUSION: During the first 6 weeks postpartum, women's risk of venous thromboembolism increased 21.5-fold to 84-fold from baseline in nonpregnant, nonpostpartum women in studies that included an internal reference group. Although incidence of venous thromboembolism declined quickly after delivery, when this risk returns to baseline is not clear from current data.
Martharaptor greenriverensis, a New Theropod Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah

Background The Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian? ) of Utah has yielded a rich dinosaur fauna, including the basal therizinosauroid theropod Falcarius utahensis at its base. Recent excavation uncovered a new possible therizinosauroid taxon from a higher stratigraphic level in the Cedar Mountain Formation than F. utahensis. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we describe a fragmentary skeleton of the new theropod and perform a phylogenetic analysis to determine its phylogenetic position. The skeleton includes fragments of vertebrae, a scapula, forelimb and hindlimb bones, and an ischium. It also includes several well-preserved manual unguals. Manual and pedal morphology show that the specimen is distinct from other theropods from the Cedar Mountain Formation and from previously described therizinosauroids. It is here named as the holotype of a new genus and species, Martharaptor greenriverensis. Phylogenetic analysis places M. greenriverensis within Therizinosauroidea as the sister taxon to Alxasaurus + Therizinosauridae, although support for this placement is weak. Conclusions/Significance The new specimen adds to the known dinosaurian fauna of the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation. If the phylogenetic placement is correct, it also adds to the known diversity of Therizinosauroidea.
Patient's Perception of Symptoms Related to Morning Activity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The SYMBOL Study

Background/Aims Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience more problematic respiratory symptoms and have more trouble performing daily activities in the morning. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of COPD symptoms related to morning activities in patients with severe airflow limitation. Methods Data of 133 patients with severe airflow limitation were analyzed in a prospective, non-interventional study. A clinical symptom questionnaire was completed by patients at baseline. In patients having morning symptoms, defined by at least one or more prominent or aggravating symptom during morning activities, a morning activity questionnaire was also completed at baseline and following 2 months of COPD treatment. Results The most frequently reported COPD symptom was breathlessness (90.8%). Morning symptoms were reported in 76 (57%) patients; these had more frequent and severe clinical COPD symptoms. The most frequently reported morning activity was getting out of bed (82.9%). The long acting muscarinic antagonist (odds ratio [OR], 6.971; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.317 to 11.905) and chest tightness (OR, 0.075; 95% CI, 0.011 to 0.518) were identified as significantly related to absence of morning symptoms. There was no significant correlation between the degree of forced expiratory volume in 1 second improvement and severity score differences of all items of morning activity after 2-month treatment. Conclusions Fifty-seven percent of COPD patients with severe airflow limitation have morning symptoms that limit their morning activities. These patients also have more prevalent and severe COPD symptoms. The results of this study therefore provide valuable information for the development of patient-reported outcomes in COPD.
The X Chromosome and the Female Survival Advantage

Abstract: Despite differences in research traditions, the disciplines of genetics, epidemiology, and demography are becoming increasingly integrated in health‐related research. The enormous development within genetic technology, with the possibility of genotyping thousands of variants from small samples of biological material obtained by non‐invasive methods, now makes it feasible to include genetic information in epidemiologic and demographic studies. Simultaneously, new insight can be obtained from hybrids of methods and data from the three disciplines. This paper illustrates how a genetic observation combined with demographic insight and a modified genetic‐epidemiologic design (a twin study) provides evidence that part of the sex difference in survival can be attributed to the fact that females have two X chromosomes and males have only one, a result that is of potential interest for genetics, epidemiology, and demography.
Diversity-multiplexing tradeoff for the interference channel with a relay

We study the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) for the slow fading interference channel with a relay (ICR). We first derive an outer bound on the DMT based on the cut-set bound. We then derive two inner bounds on the DMT: One is based on the compress-and-forward relaying scheme and the other is based on the decode-and-forward relaying scheme. We find conditions on the channel parameters and the multiplexing gains under which the proposed inner bounds achieve the optimal DMT. We also identify cases in which the DMT of the ICR is the same as two parallel fading relay channels, implying that interference does not decrease the DMT for each pair, and that a single relay can be DMT-optimal for two pairs simultaneously. Lastly, we identify conditions under which adding a relay strictly improves the DMT relative to the interference channel without a relay.
Prior heavy exercise elevates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and speeds O2 uptake kinetics during subsequent moderate‐intensity exercise in healthy young adults

The adaptation of pulmonary oxygen uptake during the transition to moderate‐intensity exercise (Mod) is faster following a prior bout of heavy‐intensity exercise. In the present study we examined the activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHa) during Mod both with and without prior heavy‐intensity exercise. Subjects (n= 9) performed a Mod1–heavy‐intensity–Mod2 exercise protocol preceded by 20 W baseline. Breath‐by‐breath kinetics and near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxygenation were measured continuously, and muscle biopsy samples were taken at specific times during the transition to Mod. In Mod1, PDHa increased from baseline (1.08 ± 0.2 mmol min−1 (kg wet wt)−1) to 30 s (2.05 ± 0.2 mmol min−1 (kg wet wt)−1), with no additional change at 6 min exercise (2.07 ± 0.3 mmol min−1 (kg wet wt)−1). In Mod2, PDHa was already elevated at baseline (1.88 ± 0.3 mmol min−1 (kg wet wt)−1) and was greater than in Mod1, and did not change at 30 s (1.96 ± 0.2 mmol min−1 (kg wet wt)−1) but increased at 6 min exercise (2.70 ± 0.3 mmol min−1 (kg wet wt)−1). The time constant of was lower in Mod2 (19 ± 2 s) than Mod1 (24 ± 3 s). Phosphocreatine (PCr) breakdown from baseline to 30 s was greater (P < 0.05) in Mod1 (13.6 ± 6.7 mmol (kg dry wt)−1) than Mod2 (6.5 ± 6.2 mmol (kg dry wt)−1) but total PCr breakdown was similar between conditions (Mod1, 14.8 ± 7.4 mmol (kg dry wt)−1; Mod2, 20.1 ± 8.0 mmol (kg dry wt)−1). Both oxyhaemoglobin and total haemoglobin were elevated prior to and throughout Mod2 compared with Mod1. In conclusion, the greater PDHa at baseline prior to Mod2 compared with Mod1 may have contributed in part to the faster kinetics in Mod2. That oxyhaemoglobin and total haemoglobin were elevated prior to Mod2 suggests that greater muscle perfusion may also have contributed to the observed faster kinetics. These findings are consistent with metabolic inertia, via delayed activation of PDH, in part limiting the adaptation of pulmonary and muscle O2 consumption during the normal transition to exercise.
Prevalence and sociobehavioral correlates of tobacco use among Hispanic children: the Tobacco Resistance Activity Program.

To examine tobacco use patterns and its sociobehavioral correlates among Hispanic in-school youth, a tobacco use and knowledge survey was administered to 660 children from fourth through sixth grade classes, of which 69% (n = 453) were of Hispanic origin. Male Hispanics were more exposed to previous tobacco use (38% vs. 20%, p < .01), reported more current smoking, had more smoking friends, received more cigarette offers, and wanted to try a cigarette compared to females (all p < .05). Also, more previous alcohol use was noted in the previous tobacco users, indicating its potential as a "gateway drug. " From multivariate analyses, being offered cigarettes was the strongest environmental indicator of previous tobacco usage, followed by having adult smokers in the house, smoking friends, (all p < .01), and being around other smoking youth (p < .05). This study offers additional knowledge about factors that may cause Hispanic youth to initiate smoking, and suggests the need to address peer and social influences in school-based substance abuse programs.
Second Law Analysis of Nanofluid Flow within a Circular Minichannel Considering Nanoparticle Migration

In the current research, entropy generation for the water–alumina nanofluid flow is studied in a circular minichannel for the laminar regime under constant wall heat flux in order to evaluate irreversibilities arising from friction and heat transfer. To this end, simulations are carried out considering the particle migration effects. Due to particle migration, the nanoparticles incorporate non-uniform distribution at the cross-section of the pipe, such that the concentration is larger at central areas. The concentration non-uniformity increases by augmenting the mean concentration, particle size, and Reynolds number. The rates of entropy generation are evaluated both locally and globally (integrated). The obtained results show that particle migration changes the thermal and frictional entropy generation rates significantly, particularly at high Reynolds numbers, large concentrations, and coarser particles. Hence, this phenomenon should be considered in examinations related to energy in the field of nanofluids.
Clinical-grade manufacturing of autologous mature mRNA-electroporated dendritic cells and safety testing in acute myeloid leukemia patients in a phase I dose-escalation clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AIMS RNA-electroporated dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are rapidly gaining interest as therapeutic cancer vaccines. We report on a phase I dose-escalation trial using clinical-grade manufactured mature RNA-electroporated DC in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. METHODS CD14(+) cells were isolated from leukapheresis products by immunomagnetic CliniMACS separation and differentiated into mature DC (mDC). mDC were electroporated with clinical-grade mRNA encoding the Wilm's tumor (WT1) antigen, and tested for viability, phenotype, sterility and recovery. To test product safety, increasing doses of DC were administered intradermally four times at 2-week intervals in 10 AML patients. RESULTS In a pre-clinical phase, immunomagnetic monocyte isolation proved superior over plastic adherence in terms of DC purity and lymphocyte contamination. We also validated a simplified DC maturation protocol yielding a consistent phenotype, migration and allogeneic T-cell stimulatory capacity in AML patients in remission. In the clinical trial, highly purified CD14(+) cells (94.5+/-3.4%) were obtained from all patients. A monocyte-to-mDC conversion factor of 25+/-10% was reached. All DC preparations exhibited high expression of mDC markers. Despite a decreased cell recovery of mDC after a combination of mRNA electroporation and cryopreservation, successful vaccine preparations were obtained in all AML patients. DC injections were well tolerated by all patients. CONCLUSIONS Our method yields a standardized, simplified and reproducible preparation of multiple doses of clinical-grade mRNA-transfected DC vaccines from a single apheresis with consistent mature phenotype, recovery, sterility and viability. Intradermal injection of such DC vaccines in AML patients is safe.
On Upper bounds for Decentralized MIMO Receiver

In this paper we investigate the achievable rate of a system that includes a nomadic transmitter with a Gaussian codebook and several antennas, which is received by multiple agents, each with a single antenna, suffering independent channel gains and additive Gaussian noise. In the nomadic regime, we assume that the agents do not have any decoding ability. These agents process their channel observations and forward it to the final destination through lossless links with fixed capacities. This paper extends a previous work (A. Sanderovich et al., 2006) by providing new upper bounds on the achievable rates, and demonstrates optimality of the suggested coding scheme in several asymptotic situations. For a finite 2times2 setting and Rayleigh fading, the upper-bounds for both fast and block fading are demonstrated.
Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Suicide Attempts in Vancouver, Canada

Background Comorbidity of depression, heart disease, and migraine has been observed in clinical practice, while ambient air pollution has been identified among different risk factors for these health conditions. Suicide attempts and ideations as the result of depression may be linked to air pollution exposure. Therefore the effects of ambient air pollution on emergency department (ED) visits for suicide attempts were investigated. Methods Emergency visit data were collected in a hospital in Vancouver, Canada. The generalized linear mixed models technique was applied in the analysis of these data. A natural hierarchical structure of the data was used to define the clusters, with days nested in a 3-level structure (day of week, month, year). Poisson models were fitted to the clustered counts of ED visits with a single air pollutant, temperature and relative humidity. In addition, the case-crossover methodology was used with the same data for comparison. The analysis was performed by gender (all, males, females) and month (all: January-December, warm: April-September, cold: October-March). Results Both hierarchical and case-crossover methods confirmed positive and statistically significant associations among carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM10) for all suicide attempts in the cold period. The largest increase was observed for males in the cold period for a 1-day lagged exposure to NO2, with an excess risk of 23.9% (95% CI: 7.8, 42.4) and odds ratio of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.41). In warm months the associations were not statistically significant, and the highest positive value was obtained for ozone lagged by 1 day. Conclusion The results indicate a potential association between air pollution and emergency department visits for suicide attempts.
Seroepidemiology and Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus 71 in Russia

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an emerging human pathogen causing massive epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease with severe neurological complications in Asia. EV71 also circulates in Europe, however it does not cause large outbreaks. The reason for distinct epidemiological patterns of EV71 infection in Europe and Asia and the risk of EV71 epidemic in Europe and Russia remain unknown. Seroepidemiology of EV71 and molecular epidemiology of occasional EV71 isolates were studied to explore circulation of EV71 in Russia. In six regions of Russian Federation, seroprevalence of EV71 in sera collected in 2008 ranged from 5% to 20% in children aged 1–2 years and from 19% to 83% in children aged 3–5 years. The seroprevalence among elder children was significantly higher (41–83% vs. 19–27%) in Asian regions of Russia. EV71 strains identified in Russia in 2001–2011 belonged to subtypes C1 and C2, while genotype C4 that was causing epidemics in Asia since 1998 emerged in 2009 and became dominant in 2013.
6 University Licensing : Harnessing or Tarnishing Faculty Research ?

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Innovation Policy and the Economy. Executive Summary The central issue we consider is whether university patent licensing, afforded by the Bayh‐Dole Act, has diverted universities away from their basic research mission. The act, passed in 1980, was intended to stimulate the transfer of federally funded research to industry. While statistics on licensing activity suggest that it has served this purpose, they have also fueled debates as to whether licensing has also led faculty to abandon basic research agendas. We show that, quite to the contrary, when realistic complexities of the research environment are taken into account, it is just as natural to expect basic research productivity to have been enhanced by licensing. Our evidence on disclosure, funding, and publications (their nature and impact) of faculty in 11 universities lends credence to the notion that, rather than diverting faculty research, licensing is part of a flurry of activities that can be associated with fundamental discoveries from fairly basic research.
Chlorhexidine allergy: sources of exposure in the health-care setting.

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Complete Genomic Structure of the Bloom-forming Toxic Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the complete genome of a cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843, was determined. The genome of M. aeruginosa is a single, circular chromosome of 5 842 795 base pairs (bp) in length, with an average GC content of 42.3%. The chromosome comprises 6312 putative protein-encoding genes, two sets of rRNA genes, 42 tRNA genes representing 41 tRNA species, and genes for tmRNA, the B subunit of RNase P, SRP RNA, and 6Sa RNA. Forty-five percent of the putative protein-encoding sequences showed sequence similarity to genes of known function, 32% were similar to hypothetical genes, and the remaining 23% had no apparent similarity to reported genes. A total of 688 kb of the genome, equivalent to 11.8% of the entire genome, were composed of both insertion sequences and miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements. This is indicative of a plasticity of the M. aeruginosa genome, through a mechanism that involves homologous recombination mediated by repetitive DNA elements. In addition to known gene clusters related to the synthesis of microcystin and cyanopeptolin, novel gene clusters that may be involved in the synthesis and modification of toxic small polypeptides were identified. Compared with other cyanobacteria, a relatively small number of genes for two component systems and a large number of genes for restriction-modification systems were notable characteristics of the M. aeruginosa genome.