Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trust within teams: The relation with performance effectiveness

The acknowledgement that trust is important for the functioning of organizations has increased the demand for research showing how this importance is reflected on the behaviour of its members. In this article we focus on trust within teams and explore the relation with performance effectiveness. A model was tested relating trust with perceived task performance, team satisfaction, relationship commitment, and stress. In this model trust is presented as a multi-component variable with distinct but related dimensions. These include propensity to trust, perceived trustworthiness, cooperative and monitoring behaviours. Data from 112 teams collected in three social care institutions in The Netherlands were analysed with structural equation modelling to test the model. The results are supportive of the multi-component structure of trust and confirmed the importance of trust for the functioning of teams in organizations. The results suggest that trust is positively related with perceived task performance, team satisfaction, and relationship commitment, and negatively related with stress. In addition, perceived task performance was positively related with team satisfaction.
Antidiabetic Potential of the Heme Oxygenase-1 Inducer Curcumin Analogues

Although there is a therapeutic treatment to combat diabetes, the identification of agents that may deal with its more serious aspects is an important medical field for research. Diabetes, which contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease, is associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammatory stress), oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because the integration of these stresses is critical to the pathogenesis of diabetes, agents and cellular molecules that can modulate these stress responses are emerging as potential targets for intervention and treatment of diabetic diseases. It has been recognized that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays an important role in cellular protection. Because HO-1 can reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory stress, and ER stress, in part by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, HO-1 has been suggested to play important roles in pathogenesis of diabetes. In the present review, we will explore our current understanding of the protective mechanisms of HO-1 in diabetes and present some emerging therapeutic options for HO-1 expression in treating diabetic diseases, together with the therapeutic potential of curcumin analogues that have their ability to induce HO-1 expression.
Colon cancer survival is associated with decreasing ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes.

PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, with poor survival predicted by regional lymph node (LN) metastasis. The impact of LN ratio (LNR) on survival is unknown in this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed data from Intergroup trial 0089 of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III patients with colon cancer, in which all patients received fluorouracil-based therapy. Survival was similar for all arms of the study, allowing us to evaluate all patients together. End points included overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate analyses were performed on all patients and on groups according to LNR quartiles (LNR: < 0.05, 0.05 to 0.19, 0.2 to 0.39, and 0.4 to 1.0). Covariates included in the models were age, sex, tumor stage, grade, histology, number of positive LNs, number of LNs removed, and LNR. RESULTS The median age was 63.7 years, and the median number of LNs removed was 11. In the multivariate analysis, LNR was a significant factor for OS, DFS, and CSS in patients with 10 to 15 LN and more than 15 LN removed but not for patients with less than 10 LN removed. Using quartiles, LNR maintained its significance for all three end points when patients were grouped by node status. CONCLUSION After curative resection for colorectal cancer, the LNR is an important prognostic factor and should be used in stratification schemes for future clinical trials investigating adjuvant treatments.
13 Multidimensional Situation Models

The research landscape examining situation models in discourse has been transformed considerably in the last 20 years. Van Dijk and Kintsch (1983) originally included the concept of a situation model to address issues that were problematic for earlier versions of their theory (Kintsch & van Dijk, 1978). Specifically, van Dijk and Kintsch (1983) argued that situation models were necessary to explain issues of reference, coreference, coherence, perspective taking, translation, individual differences, memory, reordering effects, problem solving, updating knowledge, and learning. One might first notice the comprehensive nature of such a list. It is not surprising, then, that there is general agreement regarding the theoretical importance of situation models. What is surprising, however, as originally pointed out by Glenberg, Meyer, and Lindem (1987), is the lack of agreement regarding what constitutes a situational model and the types of information it might contain. For the purposes of this chapter, we use the term situation model to refer to a discourse representation that captures aspects of a micro-world created by the reader (Johnson-Laird, 1983; van Dijk & Kintsch, 1983). In this sense, a situation model can include propositional information, but also information beyond that given in the text proper. For example, situation models can contain information related to the gist of the text, a reader’s potential background knowledge, and inferences not explicitly stated in the text (Zwaan & Radvansky, 1998). One theory of situation-model construction (i.e., the event-indexing model) suggests that readers comprehend information in the story world at an event level (Zwaan, Langston, & Graesser, 1995). In this sense, events are
The Impact of Orthographic Consistency on German Spoken Word Identification

An auditory lexical decision experiment was conducted to find out whether sound-to-spelling consistency has an impact on German spoken word processing, and whether such an impact is different at different stages of reading development. Four groups of readers (school children in the second, third and fifth grades, and university students) participated in a lexical decision experiment. They were presented with spoken monosyllabic words that had either orthographically consistent rimes (i.e., there is only one spelling for the phonological rime) or orthographically inconsistent rimes (i.e., there are words with the same phonological rime but a different rime spelling). Results reveal that sound-to-spelling consistency influences spoken word processing in early and advanced stages of reading development in German. This finding indicates that word spelling knowledge gets intertwined with knowledge about phonological word forms early during reading acquisition.
Mentalizing and borderline personality disorder

Background: Mentalization-based treatment is a model of psychodynamic therapy rooted in attachment theory that aims to enhance the individual's capacity to represent thoughts, feelings, wishes, beliefs and desires in themselves and in others in the context of attachment relationships. Aims: To describe the normal development of mentalization as well as anomalies in mentalization that can arise and can ultimately lead to the development of personality disorder. Method: Description of the basic principles of mentalization-based treatment as well as the rationale for use of these techniques. Results: Summaries of randomized controlled trial and a description of an ongoing RCT for the outpatient treatment of BPD. Conclusion: MBT is a generic psychotherapeutic treatment which shares many features with other psychotherapeutic approaches but is unique in focusing on enhancing the patient's capacity to think about and regulate mental states.
Spine Deformity Correction in Marfan Syndrome

Study Design. Retrospective review of records and radiographs with postoperative questionnaire of patients with Marfan syndrome receiving surgical correction for spinal deformity. Objective. To characterize and analyze the challenges of surgical correction for spinal deformity in Marfan syndrome and to present recommendations that may reduce morbidity and increase success for these procedures. Summary of Background Data. Spinal deformities are common in Marfan syndrome and usually refractory to conservative management. The few, smaller studies of surgical intervention reported on earlier surgical techniques but suggested increased complication rates. Methods. Records and radiographs of 39 patients with confirmed Marfan syndrome who underwent surgical management at either of two institutions for primary scoliosis (n = 26), kyphosis (n = 7), or deformity secondary to previous surgery elsewhere (n = 6) were reviewed. Presentation features, complications, and therapeutic results were analyzed. Low back outcome scores were generated from a questionnaire given to patients after surgery. Results. Increased blood loss and rates of infection (10%), dural tear (8%), instrumentation fixation failure (21%), pseudarthrosis (10%), and coronal (8%) and sagittal (21%) curve decompensation were noted. Infection was often associated with dural tear and decompensation with extreme correction. One patient died of valvular insufficiency 11 weeks after surgery. Conclusion. The cardiopulmonary condition of patients with Marfan syndrome should be evaluated and planned for before surgery. Preoperative computed tomograph to assess bony adequacy for fixation and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate dural ectasia are indicated. Attention paid to the sagittal profile, extension of fusion to vertebrae neutral and stable in both planes, minimization of soft tissue dissection, and avoidance of extreme correction may prevent curve decompensation.
Two Essential Ingredients: Phonics and Fluency Getting to Know Each Other.

Phonics and fluency have been identified as two essential elements in the effective teaching of reading. Although normally considered two distinct elements of the reading curriculum that are separate, through the use of rhyming poetry both phonics and fluency can be taught in a synergistic and authentic manner. In this article, the authors explore how the repeated reading and performing of rhyming poetry can help children learn to read words accurately, automatically, and with appropriate and meaningful expression. لقد تم تحديد الصوتيات والطلاقة كعنصرين أساسيين لدى تعليم القراءة الفعال. وبيد أن غالبا ما يعتبران عنصرين مختلفين من منهاج القراءة وهما منفصان عن بعضهما البعض فإن كلا الصوتيات والطلاقة يجوز تعليمهما من خلال شعر القافية بصورة تضافرية وأصلية. وفي هذه المقالة يستكشف المؤلفون كيف قراءة شعر القافية وأداءها المتكرران قد يساعد الأطفال في قراءة الكلمات بدقة وبتلقائي وبنبرة مناسبة ومعنوية. 语音拼读与流畅阅读已被确認为高效阅读教学中两个不可或缺的元素。 虽然语音拼读与流畅阅读通常被视为两个截然不同的独立阅读教程元素，但透过押韵诗歌阅读教学，這两个教程元素不但可以同时教授，而且還会促使两者协同增效，更具真实性。 本文作者探索重复朗读和表演押韵诗歌如何帮助儿童学习准确地、自动地朗读语词，并且配以适当的和有意义的表情。 La phonetique et la fluidite ont ete identifiees comme deux elements essentiels d'un enseignement efficace de la lecture. Quoiqu'elles soient considerees normalement comme des elements distincts et independants du programme de lecture, grâce a l'utilisation de la poesie rimee on peut enseigner en synergie et de facon authentique la phonetique et la fluidite. Dans cet article, l'auteur examine comment la lecture repetee et la pratique de la poesie rimee peuvent aider les enfants a lire les mots de facon exacte, automatique, et avec le sens et l'expression qui conviennent. Краеугольными камнями для успешного обучения чтению принято считать беглость чтения и умение соотносить звуковую оболочку слова с его написанием. Согласно учебному плану эти навыки обычно развиваются порознь, но их можно эффективно отрабатывать и вместе – благодаря рифмованным стихам, то есть на основе аутентичных текстов. В данной статье авторы исследуют, как перечитывание и декламация стихов наизусть помогают детям внимательно прочитывать слова, довести чтение до автоматизма и затем выразительно их декламировать. La fonetica y la fluidez han sido identificadas como dos elementos esenciales en la ensenanza efectiva de la lectura. Aunque generalmente se consideran dos elementos distintos en el curriculo de lectura, es posible ensenar tanto la fonetica como la fluidez de una forma sinergetica y autentica usando poesia que rima. En este articulo, los autores exploran como la lectura y la presentacion repetida de poesia que rima puede ayudar a los ninos a aprender a leer palabras precisamente, automaticamente, y con una expresion apropiada que hace sentido.
[School screening for scoliosis in Sivas, Turkey].

OBJECTIVES We investigated the prevalence of scoliosis among primary school students in Sivas, Turkey. METHODS To determine the prevalence of scoliosis among primary school students in the age bracket of 10 to 15 years, 11 primary schools were selected with systematic sampling. A total of 3,175 students (1,538 girls, 1,637 boys) of grades 6 to 8 were selected from 16,103 students using a stratified sampling method. Examination for scoliosis was made by the forward bend test and palpation of the spine. RESULTS Fifteen children (0.47%) were found to have scoliosis, including 10 girls (66.7%) and five boys (33.3%). The prevalence of scoliosis was significantly higher in girls (0.65% vs. 0.31%; p<0.05). The mean lateral curvature of the spine was 6.9 degrees (range 5 degrees to 20 degrees ), being 7.9 + or - 4.6 degrees in girls, and 5.4 + or - 0.9 degrees in boys. The mean age was 13.5 + or - 1.2 years (range 12-15 years). The severity of the curvature showed no significant relationship with gender and age groups (p>0.05). The levels of involvement were lumbar vertebrae in 73.3% (n=11), thoracic vertebrae in 13.3% (n=2), and thoracolumbar vertebrae in 13.3% (n=2). Spinal curvature was to the right side in 12 cases (80%), and to the left in three cases (20%). Girls and boys did not differ significantly with respect to the severity and direction of the curvature (p>0.05). During a two-year follow-up of children with scoliosis, no progression of the curvature was observed, including one child who wore a Milwaukee brace. CONCLUSION School screenings may be performed as part of prevalence studies; however, routine school screening for scoliosis is debatable.
Carotid Plaque in Alzheimer Caregivers and the Role of Sympathoadrenal Arousal

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that those who provide care for a spouse diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease would have increased prevalence of carotid artery plaque compared with noncaregiving controls and that prolonged sympathoadrenal arousal to acute stress would relate to this difference. Providing care for a spouse with Alzheimer's disease has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, potentially due to the impact of caregiving stress on the atherosclerotic disease process. Methods: Participants were 111 spousal caregivers (74 ± 8 years of age; 69% women) to patients with Alzheimer's disease and 51 noncaregiving controls (75 ± 6 years of age; 69% women). Inhome assessment of carotid artery plaque via B-mode ultrasonography was conducted. Plasma catecholamine response to an acute speech stressor task was also measured. Results: Logistic regression indicated that caregiving status (i.e., caregiver versus noncaregiver) was associated significantly with a 2.2 times greater odds for the presence of plaque independent of other risk factors of atherosclerosis (95% confidence interval, 1.01–4.73, p = .048). Decreased recovery to basal levels of epinephrine after a psychological stress task was associated significantly with the presence of plaque in caregivers, but not in noncaregivers. Norepinephrine recovery post stressor was not associated with plaque in either group. Conclusions: Caregivers had a higher frequency of carotid plaque compared with noncaregivers. Poorer epinephrine recovery after acute stress was associated with the presence of plaque in caregivers but not in noncaregivers. A prolonged sympathoadrenal response to acute stress might enhance the development of atherosclerosis in chronically stressed Alzheimer caregivers. BMI = body mass index; CDC = Centers for Disease Control; CESD = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CHD = coronary heart disease; MAP = mean arterial pressure; UCSD = University of California, San Diego.
Towards a Team Mental Model of Collaborative Information Seeking during Team Decision-Making

Team decision-making (TDM) is composed of many activities. One important aspect of TDM is information seeking, particularly collaborative information seeking (CIS). Within CIS research, the role of team cognition and the development of team mental models (TMMs) have not been well-studied. In this paper, we examine the development of TMMs during CIS activities. Utilizing qualitative knowledge elicitation methods, we conducted an exploratory laboratory-based study of student teams working on CIS tasks. We report on how the teams describe TMM development, the teamwork and taskwork aspects of the TMM, and the attributes supporting TMM development. The results highlight that the process of TMM development during CIS is similar to TMM development research reported in other studies. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to attempt to understand the role of team cognition in CIS and describe the development of a TMM specific to CIS.
A Link between Serotonin-Related Gene Polymorphisms, Amygdala Activity, and Placebo-Induced Relief from Social Anxiety

Placebo may yield beneficial effects that are indistinguishable from those of active medication, but the factors underlying proneness to respond to placebo are widely unknown. Here, we used functional neuroimaging to examine neural correlates of anxiety reduction resulting from sustained placebo treatment under randomized double-blind conditions, in patients with social anxiety disorder. Brain activity was assessed during a stressful public speaking task by means of positron emission tomography before and after an 8 week treatment period. Patients were genotyped with respect to the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the G-703T polymorphism in the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) gene promoter. Results showed that placebo response was accompanied by reduced stress-related activity in the amygdala, a brain region crucial for emotional processing. However, attenuated amygdala activity was demonstrable only in subjects who were homozygous for the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR or the G variant of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism, and not in carriers of short or T alleles. Moreover, the TPH2 polymorphism was a significant predictor of clinical placebo response, homozygosity for the G allele being associated with greater improvement in anxiety symptoms. Path analysis supported that the genetic effect on symptomatic improvement with placebo is mediated by its effect on amygdala activity. Hence, our study shows, for the first time, evidence of a link between genetically controlled serotonergic modulation of amygdala activity and placebo-induced anxiety relief.
Teacher Acceptance of Psychological Interventions of Varying Theoretical Orientation

Acceptability to the client plays an important role in adherence to psychological interventions for atypical children. Previous research has established that teacher acceptance of psychological treatments varies as a function of the severity of the target problem, the time needed to implement the intervention and several other factors. The major objective of the current research was to expand the number and theoretical diversity of treatments surveyed. Three social learning methods (coaching, modeling and problem solving) were compared with two behavior modification techniques (time out and token reinforcement) and three traditional clinical treatments (family therapy, pharmacotherapy and play therapy), using the Treatment Evaluation Inventory (Kazdin, 1980a). Subjects were ten male and forty-three female regular and special education teachers from the Ottawa area. Participants listened to an audiocassette on which one of two hypothetical cases was described (either a withdrawn or an aggressive child), followed by a second cassette on which either seven (withdrawn child) or eight (aggressive child) possible interventions were suggested. Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that teachers preferred family therapy over all other forms of intervention, and that pharmacotherapy was rated as the least acceptable. Teacher assignment, type of disorder and teachers' gender were also found to influence acceptability ratings.
Dynamic Shift from CD85j/ILT-2 to NKG2D NK Receptor Expression Pattern on Human Decidual NK during the First Trimester of Pregnancy

During the first trimester of human pregnancy, Natural Killer (NK) cells of the maternal uterine mucosa (e.g. decidua) have a unique phenotype and are involved in crucial physiological processes during pregnancy. We investigated whether modifications of the NK receptor repertoire occur during the first trimester of pregnancy. We found significantly decreased expression of KIR2DL1/S1 and KIR2DL2/L3/S2 receptors, NKp30 and NKp44 activatory receptors, and the CD85j (ILT-2) inhibitory receptor. We also observed significantly increased expression of the NKG2D activatory receptor at the decidual NK cell surface. By flow cytometry, we further highlighted an evolution of NK subsets between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation, with a shift from the KIR2DL1/S1+/KIR2DL2/L3/S2+ subset towards the double negative subset, coupled with a decrease of the CD85j+/NKG2D− subset in favour of the CD85j−/NKG2D+ subset. Furthermore, cell surface expression of NK receptor ligands, including CD85j and NKG2D ligands, has been characterized by flow cytometry on decidual immune CD14+ and CD3+ cells. HLA-G, the high affinity ligand of CD85j, was detected on both cell types. In contrast, NKG2D ligands ULBP-2 ULBP-3 and MICA/B were not expressed on CD14+ and CD3+ cells, however a variable expression of ULBP-1 was observed. The ligand expression of KIR2DL1/S1 and KIR2DL2/L3/S2 was also analyzed: the HLA-C molecule was expressed at a low level on some CD14+ cells whereas it was not detected on CD3+ cell surface. NK receptor ligands are known to be also expressed on the invading placental trophoblast cells. Thus, the phenotypic evolutions of decidual NK cells described in this present study may preserve their activation/inhibition balance during the first trimester of pregnancy.