Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antecedents and Consequences of Creativity in Product Innovation Teams

The generation of creative ideas and their manifestation as new products (NPs) are fundamental innovation activities of product innovation teams. Despite the importance of generating creative ideas at the fuzzy front end of the product innovation process, our understanding of antecedents and consequences of creativity of product innovation teams is limited. Drawing on Shane and Ulrich’s organization design perspective of innovation, this study aims at examining the intermediary role of creativity as a critical link between team dynamics and product competitive advantage. In this study, the authors focus on NP and marketing program (MP) creativity in product innovation teams. They develop and empirically test a model that examines how internal and external team dynamics influence NP and MP creativity, and how NP and MP creativity affect product competitive advantage as a strategic innovation outcome. The study uses 206 matched responses from senior managers and product team leaders in high-tech manufacturing firms in the United States to avoid common-method bias. The authors use maximum likelihood estimation in a structural equation model to empirically test the proposed model. They find that two separate dimensions of creativity—novelty and meaningfulness—are differentially affected by team dynamics. For example, NP novelty as a result of divergent process is predominantly influenced by external team factors such as market-based reward system and planning process formalization. On the other hand, NP meaningfulness as a result of convergent process is dominantly influenced by internal team factors such as social cohesion and superordinate identity. In addition, MP novelty is determined by social cohesion, superordinate identity, planning process formalization, and encouragement to take risks, while MP meaningfulness is influenced by social cohesion and planning process formalization. Our findings also suggest that NP novelty and meaningfulness, but not MP novelty and meaningfulness, play important intermediary roles in determining product competitive advantage. This study contributes to narrowing the important gap in the literature by examining the effect of team dynamics on creativity and by linking creativity to strategic innovation outcomes. Our study suggests that a firm’s ability to manage team dynamics toward generating creative NPs and MPs constitutes a dynamic capability that can provide a competitive advantage over the competition.
Autoregulatory CD8 T cells depend on cognate antigen recognition and CD4/CD8 myelin determinants

Objective: To determine the antigenic determinants and specific molecular requirements for the generation of autoregulatory neuroantigen-specific CD8+ T cells in models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We have previously shown that MOG35-55-specific CD8+ T cells suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the C57BL/6 model. In this study, we utilized multiple models of EAE to assess the ability to generate autoregulatory CD8+ T cells. Results: We demonstrate that alternative myelin peptides (PLP178-191) and other susceptible mouse strains (SJL) generated myelin-specific CD8+ T cells, which were fully capable of suppressing disease. The disease-ameliorating function of these cells was dependent on the specific cognate myelin antigen. Generation of these autoregulatory CD8+ T cells was not affected by thymic selection, but was dependent on the presence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the immunizing encephalitogenic antigen. Conclusions: These studies show that the generation of autoregulatory CD8+ T cells is a more generalized, antigen-specific phenomenon across multiple neuroantigens and mouse strains, with significant implications in understanding disease regulation.
Lymphatic Biodistribution of Polylactide Nanoparticles

Tumor metastases occur through both the cardiovascular and lymphatic circulations. However, the majority of nanoparticle biodistribution studies have been focused on the cardiovascular circulation. In this study, we report the formulation of Cy5-labeled polylactide (Cy5-PLA) nanoparticles with controlled size and surface features and the subsequent evaluation of their lymphatic biodistribution. Cy5-PLA nanoparticles were formulated through Cy5/(BDI)ZnN(TMS)2-mediated [(BDI) = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl) amido)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imino)-2-pentene] ring-opening polymerization of lactide followed by nanoprecipitation. Their lymphatic biodistribution was evaluated by using whole-body fluorescence imaging of nude mice and ex vivo fluorescence imaging of the resected organs. This technique has the potential for providing optical contrast and drug delivery through the lymphatic circulation for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
Peptide self‐aggregation and peptide complementarity as bases for the evolution of peptide receptors: a review

This paper reviews the three major theories of peptide receptor evolution: (1) Dwyer's theory that peptide receptors evolved from self‐aggregating peptides; (2) Root‐Bernstein's theory that peptide receptors evolved from functionally and structurally complementary peptides; and (3) Blalock's theory that receptors evolved from hydropathically complementary sequences encoded in the antisense strand of the DNA encoding each peptide. The evidence to date suggests that the co‐yevolution of peptides and their receptors is strongly constrained by one or more of these physicochemically based mechanisms, which argues against a random or frozen accident' model. The data also suggest that structure and function are integrally related from the earliest steps of receptor–ligand evolution so that peptide functionality is non‐random and highly conserved in its origin. The result is a molecular paleontology' that reveals the evolutionary constraints that shaped the interaction of structure and function. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptualising inclusion as a practice : a critical analysis of the Greek SEN laws and the 'inclusive classes' within a Greek mainstream primary school

concept, it is, at the same time, very explicit in the way that it affects society and tailors school education. For example, if a school’s education is aiming to focus more on students’ well-being in the sense of personal actualisation and aptitudes, rather than academic achievements, but is governed and is operating within a paideia that is focused on academic achievements measured against scores through examinations to finally achieve financial security, then the school is forced to employ practices that satisfy and meet the standards that the government and the society sets. In this sense, if paideia in schools is mostly understood and expressed through academic performance and written exams, then any attempt by the school management and educators to move away or refine their objectives is hindered by its paideia. Therefore, as Maratheftis (1992) has argued: frequently, paideia can destroy what the school education might create. In the following sections, some of the inequalities that
Rethinking autism : variation and complexity

The media, scientific researchers, and the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual" all refer to "autism" as if it were a single disorder or a single disorder over a spectrum. However, autism is unlike any single disorder in a variety of ways. No single brain deficit is found to cause it, no single drug is found to affect it, and no single cause or cure has been found despite tremendous research efforts to find same. "Rethinking Autism" reviews the scientific research on causes, symptomology, course, and treatment done to date. And draws the potentially shocking conclusion that "autism" does not exist as a single disorder. The conglomeration of symptoms exists, but like fever, those symptoms aren't a disease in themselves, but rather a result of some other cause(s). Only by ceasing to think of autism as a single disorder can we ever advance research to more accurately parse why these symptoms occur and what the different and varied causes may be. Autism is a massive worldwide problem with increasing prevalence rates, now thought to be as high as 1 in 38 children (Korea) and 1 in 100 children (CDC- US). Autism is the 3rd most common developmental disability; 400,000 people in the United States alone have autism. Autism affects the entire brain, including communication, social behavior, and reasoning and is lifelong. There is no known cause and no cure. Funding for autism research quadrupled from 1995 to 2000 up to $45 million, and the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee has recommended $1 billion funding from 2010-2015.
Early Pregnancy Blood Lead and Spontaneous Abortion

Although evidence tends to suggest that high levels of lead exposure increase the risk of spontaneous abortion, we do not yet know whether moderate- to low-level exposure elevates risk. Among 351 women (aged 16 to 35 years, with single pregnancies) who were registered for a longitudinal study, 15 (4.3%) women experienced spontaneous abortion after the 12th week of gestation and before the 20th week. We collected participants' blood samples during the first trimester of pregnancy (8–12 weeks) for lead measurement by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Mean ± standard deviation of blood lead was 3.8 ± 2.0 μg/dl (range 1.0–20.5 μg/dl) with a geometric mean of 3.5 μg/dl. Mean blood lead concentrations did not differ significantly between spontaneous abortion cases and ongoing pregnancies (3.51 ± 1.42 and 3.83 ± 1.99 μg/dl, respectively). The findings suggest that in apparently healthy women, low blood lead levels (mean <5 μg/dl) measured in early pregnancy may not be a risk factor for spontaneous abortion.
Interference Alignment with Random Vector Quantization for MIMO Interference Channels

In this paper, we propose an interference alignment scheme based on the random vector quantization codebooks for the constant MIMO interference channel. We quantify an upper bound of the rate loss of the proposed scheme and derive the scaling law of the feedback load to maintain the constant rate loss relative to the interference alignment with perfect channel knowledge. Moreover, we compare the proposed scheme with the interference alignment scheme using analog feedback and show the advantage of the proposed scheme under the constraint of the feedback channel uses. From simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme can provide the constant rate loss by imposing the feedback load according to the derived scaling law.
Implications of chemokine receptors and inflammatory lipids in cancer

Inflammatory lipids receive much attention due to their important biological activities. Knowledge of the chemokine system has also reached a level that makes it interesting in clinics, which prompted clinical trials into compounds manipulating chemokines or their receptors. However, little attention has been devoted to understand the relations between these two systems. Here, we will review the role of inflammatory lipids and chemokines in innate and adaptive immunity with an attempt to link the two systems and with emphasis on their importance in cancer development.
Alchemy: transmuting base alloy specifications into implementations

Alloy specifications are used to define lightweight models of systems. We present Alchemy, which compiles Alloy specifications into implementations that execute against persistent databases. Alchemy translates a subset of Alloy predicates into imperative update operations, and it converts facts into database integrity constraints that it maintains automatically in the face of these imperative actions. In addition to presenting the semantics and an algorithm for this compilation, we present the tool and outline its application to a non-trivial specification. We also discuss lessons learned about the relationship between Alloy specifications and imperative implementations.
Learning disabilities : theories, diagnosis, and teaching strategies / Janet W. Lerner

Chapters 1. Overview of Learning Disabilities 2. Learning Disabilities: A Field in Transition 3. Historical Perspectives and Current Directions 4. The Assessment-Teaching Process 5. Clinical Teaching 6. Systems for Providing Educational Services 7. Theories of Learning: Implications for Learning Disabilities 8. Attention Deficit Disorders 9. Young Children with Learning Disabilities 10. Adolescents and Adults with Learning Disabilities 11. Medical Aspects of Learning Disabilities 12. Oral Language: Listening and Speaking Reading 13. Written Language: Written Expression, Spelling, and Handwriting 14. Mathematics 15. Social and Emotional Behaviour Glossary References Author Index Subject Index
CD95‐mediated Apoptosis of Human Glioma Cells: Modulation by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activity

The death ligands CD95L and Apo2L/TRAIL are promising investigational agents for the treatment of malignant glioma. EGFR is overexpressed in a significant proportion of malignant gliomas in vivo. Here, we report that CD95L‐induced cell death is enhanced by EGFR inhibition using tyrphostine AG1478 in 7 of 12 human malignant glioma cell lines. Conversely, CD95‐mediated and Apo2L‐induced cell death are both inhibited by overexpression of EGFR in LN‐229 cells. CD95L‐induced cell death augmented by AG1478 is accompanied by enhanced processing of caspase 8. LN‐229 cells overexpressing the viral caspase inhibitor, crm‐A, are not sensitized to CD95L‐induced cell death by AG1478, indicating that EGFR exerts its antiapoptotic properties through a caspase 8‐dependent pathway. These data define a modulatory effect of EGFR‐activity on death ligand‐induced apoptosis and indicate that EGFR inhibition is likely to improve the efficacy of death ligand‐based cancer therapies. Furthermore, it is tempting to speculate that EGFR amplification protects tumor cells from death ligand‐mediated host immune responses in vivo and that EGFR's effects on death receptor‐mediated apoptosis may explain the anti‐tumor effects of non‐cytotoxic, unarmed anti‐EGFR family antibodies.
Comparing data modeling formalisms

Accurate specification and validation of information requirements is critical to the development of organizational information systems. Semantic data models were developed to provide a precise and unambiguous representation of organizational information requirements [9, 17]. They serve as a communication vehicle between analysts and users. After analyzing 11 semantic data models, Biller and Neuhold [3] conclude that there are essentially only two types of data modeling formalisms: entity-attribute-relationship (EAR) models and object-relationship (OR) models. Proponents of each claim their model yields “better” representations [7] than the other. There is, however, little empirical evidence to substantiate these claims.
Which has a Greater Influence on Smile Esthetics Perception: Teeth or Lips?

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of teeth and lips in the perception of smile esthetics. Materials and Methods: Thirty women, ranging between 20 and 30 years of age, all with Class I canine and molar relationships and no history of orthodontic treatment, were chosen. Five black and white photographs were taken of each participant in a natural head position while smiling. The most natural photo, demonstrating a social smile, was selected. Two other photographs were also taken from a dental frontal view of each subject using a retractor, as well as a lip-together smile. Three groups of judges including 20 orthodontists, 20 restorative specialists, and 20 laypersons were selected. The judges were then asked to confirm the esthetics of each picture on a visual analogue scale. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis. Results: For the orthodontists group, correlation between the scores given to the full smile and each of its components was significant (α=0.05), with equal correlation of each component with the full smile. In contrast to laypersons, the correlation between the scores given to the full smile and each of its components among restorative specialists was significant. Conclusion: For orthodontists and restorative specialists, esthetic details and the components of the smile (teeth and perioral soft tissues) were important in esthetics perception. In contrast, laypersons perceived no effect of esthetics detail or smile components.
Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice

How can we achieve and sustain a "decent" liberal society, one that aspires to justice and equal opportunity for all and inspires individuals to sacrifice for the common good? In this book, a continuation of her explorations of emotions and the nature of social justice, Martha Nussbaum makes the case for love. Amid the fears, resentments, and competitive concerns that are endemic even to good societies, public emotions rooted in love--in intense attachments to things outside our control--can foster commitment to shared goals and keep at bay the forces of disgust and envy.Great democratic leaders, including Abraham Lincoln, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr., have understood the importance of cultivating emotions. But people attached to liberalism sometimes assume that a theory of public sentiments would run afoul of commitments to freedom and autonomy. Calling into question this perspective, Nussbaum investigates historical proposals for a public "civil religion" or "religion of humanity" by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill, and Rabindranath Tagore. She offers an account of how a decent society can use resources inherent in human psychology, while limiting the damage done by the darker side of our personalities. And finally she explores the cultivation of emotions that support justice in examples drawn from literature, song, political rhetoric, festivals, memorials, and even the design of public parks. "Love is what gives respect for humanity its life," Nussbaum writes, "making it more than a shell. " "Political Emotions" is a challenging and ambitious contribution to political philosophy.
New Choices, New Families: How Lesbians Decide about Motherhood

How do lesbians decide to become mothers or remain childfree? Why do new families form at particular historical moments? These questions are at the heart of Nancy J. Mezey's New Choices, New Families. Researchers, politicians, and society at large continue to debate the changing American family, especially nontraditional families that emerge from divorce, remarriage, grandparents-as-parents, and adoption. This ongoing discussion also engages the controversy surrounding the parental rights of same-sex couples and their families. New Choices, New Families enters into this conversation. Mezey asks why lesbians are forming families at this particular historical moment and wonders how race, class, sexual identity, and family history factor into the decision-making process. Drawing heavily from personal interviews, Mezey's groundbreaking analysis gives voice to groups long underrepresented in similar studies-black, Latina, working class, and childfree lesbians. Some chapters examine how childhood experiences contribute to the desire to become a mother, while others consider the influence of women's partners and careers. New Choices, New Families provides thoughtful insights into questions about sexual identity, social and cultural expectations, and what and who constitute a family.
Unidad discursiva y relaciones retóricas: un estudio acerca de las unidades de discurso en el etiquetado de un corpus en euskera

This article describes the study on the features used for labelling the discourse structure, according to the Rhetorical Structure Theory, at the inter-sentential and intrasentential levels. The tagged corpus is composed of medical texts written in Basque and extracted from the medical journal 'Gaceta Médica de Bilbao'. The difficulties encountered both while identifying the discourse units and while establishing the relations are analysed at each level based on the observation of agreement and disagreement identified in the texts annotated by two annotators. The results obtained suggest that the segmentation into units of discourse is more complex at the intra-sentential level while the assignment of rhetorical relations is more difficult at the inter-sentential level. We also note that some relations occur more frequently at the intra-sentential level and others at the inter-sentential level. However, there are relations that can appear indistinctively in both levels intraand inter-sentential. This study will lay the foundations to carry out the automatic annotation process that the authors intend to perform shortly. K eywords: Annotation, Discourse Analysis, Segmentation, Rhetorical Relations.
A Burst and Simultaneous Short-Term Pulsed Flux Enhancement from the Magnetar Candidate 1E 1048.1–5937

We report on the 2004 June 29 X-ray burst detected from the direction of the AXP 1E 1048.1-5937 using the RXTE. We find a simultaneous increase of ~3.5 times the quiescent value in the 2-10 keV pulsed flux of 1E 1048.1-5937 during the tail of the burst, which identifies the AXP as the burst's origin. The burst was overall very similar to the two others reported from the direction of this source in 2001. The unambiguous identification of 1E 1048.1-5937 as the burster here confirms that it was the origin of the 2001 bursts as well. The epoch of the burst peak was very close to the arrival time of 1E 1048.1-5937's pulse peak. The burst exhibited significant spectral evolution, with the trend going from hard to soft. Although the average spectrum of the burst was comparable in hardness (Γ ~ 1.6) to those of the 2001 bursts, the peak of this burst was much harder (Γ ~ 0.3). During the 11 days following the burst, the AXP was observed further with RXTE, XMM-Newton, and Chandra. Pre- and postburst observations revealed no change in the total flux or spectrum of the quiescent emission. Comparing all three bursts detected thus far from this source, we find that this event was the most fluent (>3.3 × 10-8 ergs cm-2 in the 2-20 keV band), had the highest peak flux (59 ± 9 × 10-10 ergs s-1 cm-2 in the 2-20 keV band), and had the longest duration (>699 s). The long duration of the burst differentiates it from SGR bursts, which have typical durations of ~0.1 s. Bursts that occur preferentially at pulse maximum, have fast rises, and long X-tails containing the majority of the total burst energy have been seen uniquely from AXPs. The marked differences between AXP and SGRs bursts may provide new clues to help understand the physical differences between these objects.