Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paediatric pulmonary hypertension: monitoring progress and identifying unmet needs

Recent advances in the field of pulmonary hypertension (PH) have provided clinicians with a range of treatment options, but effective disease management in children presents a unique challenge. The present article will discuss the steps being taken to address unmet needs in paediatric PH. Understanding the epidemiology of paediatric PH is essential to guide management decisions, but such epidemiological data are scarce. The first international paediatric PH registry, Tracking Outcomes in Paediatric Pulmonary Hypertension (TOPP), promises to become a vital resource. Studies of PH therapies are rare in children, and treatment of paediatric PH is generally guided by the adult treatment algorithm, with some adaptations. However, invasive management options, such as continuous prostacyclin infusion, even if effective, are challenging in children, and further research is required to develop appropriate treatment strategies, formulations and doses for paediatric PH. Measures of treatment success must also be defined, and the applicability of end-points from adult clinical studies remains an open question. In summary, further epidemiological and treatment data are needed for paediatric pulmonary hypertension. The international TOPP registry will provide a valuable insight, but this must be complemented by research and development of adapted paediatric therapies. Dedicated childhood pulmonary hypertension services would optimise the diagnosis and management of this life-threatening disease.
Methylation protects microRNAs from an AGO1-associated activity that uridylates 5′ RNA fragments generated by AGO1 cleavage

Significance This study, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, establishes HUA1 enhancer 1 (HEN1) suppressor 1 as a 5′ fragment uridyl transferase and shows that uridylation triggers the degradation of 5′ fragments. This study also demonstrates that HEN1 suppressor 1 interacts with Argonaute (AGO1) and is able to act on microRNA substrates in the AGO1 complex. Furthermore, this study reveals that methylation protects microRNAs from AGO1-associated uridylation activity in plants. Because methylation and uridylation are conserved processes in small RNA pathways in plants and animals, this study may have a broad effect in related fields. In plants, methylation catalyzed by HEN1 (small RNA methyl transferase) prevents microRNAs (miRNAs) from degradation triggered by uridylation. How methylation antagonizes uridylation of miRNAs in vivo is not well understood. In addition, 5′ RNA fragments (5′ fragments) produced by miRNA-mediated RNA cleavage can be uridylated in plants and animals. However, the biological significance of this modification is unknown, and enzymes uridylating 5′ fragments remain to be identified. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis, HEN1 suppressor 1 (HESO1, a miRNA nucleotidyl transferase) uridylates 5′ fragments to trigger their degradation. We also show that Argonaute 1 (AGO1), the effector protein of miRNAs, interacts with HESO1 through its Piwi/Argonaute/Zwille and PIWI domains, which bind the 3′ end of miRNA and cleave the target mRNAs, respectively. Furthermore, HESO1 is able to uridylate AGO1-bound miRNAs in vitro. miRNA uridylation in vivo requires a functional AGO1 in hen1, in which miRNA methylation is impaired, demonstrating that HESO1 can recognize its substrates in the AGO1 complex. On the basis of these results, we propose that methylation is required to protect miRNAs from AGO1-associated HESO1 activity that normally uridylates 5′ fragments.
Linking empowering leadership and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior: The role of thriving at work and autonomy orientation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a link between empowering leadership and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) based on the theory of the socially embedded model so as to explore why empowering leadership has an impact on change-oriented OCBs and for whom this effect may be amplified or alleviated. Design/methodology/approach Using data collected from 203 employees and 80 supervisors in one information technology company, the authors examined the mediating role of thriving at work and the moderating role of autonomy between empowering leadership and change-oriented OCBs. The authors used statistical methods such as hierarchical regression, bootstrapping test, and so on to analyze the data. Findings The results indicated that empowering leadership was positively related to thriving at work, and thus in turn influenced change-oriented OCBs. In addition, employees’ autonomy orientation moderated those relationships such that when employees were had high autonomy orientations, they thrived at work to a high degree and were more likely to perform change-oriented OCBs. Research limitations/implications The authors collected the data of this study within a single organization, and that may limit the observed viability and decrease external validity. Practical implications The findings suggest that leaders’ empowering behaviors are a critical factor for simulating employees’ change-oriented OCBs. They also indicate that leaders are better off empowering individuals with high autonomy orientations. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by linking empowering leadership and change-oriented OCBs. It clarifies how and why empowering leadership can stimulate employees’ change-oriented OCBs.
Detecting unnatural motion with Epitomic analysis : Unsupervised learning Final project Pattern Recognition , Spring 2007

Motion synthesis and creation are crucial issues in animation. Synthesizing and creating motions of complex objects such as articulated joints of humans have been challenging problems. The traditional way to produce human motion is for experts to specify the poses of movements at each instant time. The limitations of manual specification require not only a great amount of labors but also experts’ skill to create reliable motion. Another approach is to use algorithmic methods to create motions based on physics or geometry. While it allows even non-experts to generate convincing motions, the use is limited as there is no methodical way to create new movements.
The Psychological Basis for the Identification of Physical Environmental Parameters in the Development of Early Cognitive Competence1,2

Abstract:Ulvund, S. E. 1981. The Psychological Basis for the Identification of Physical Environmental Parameters in the Development of Early Cognitive Competence. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 25,125‐140. A theoretical analysis focussing on the identification of physical environmental parameters in the development of early cognitive competence is presented. Referring to cognitive competence as a collective term of cognitive behavior as considered by Piaget (1952) and Hunt (1965), a theoretical frame of reference based on Brunswik's (1955) unit and Wohlwill's (1973) conceptions of the environment as a source of stimulation versus the environment as a context for behavior, is discussed. It is further suggested that different variants of the optimal stimulation hypothesis, combined with a transactional model of development (Sameroff, 1975a), form a highly relevant psychological basis for the identification of physical environmental parameters. Some implications for coming research are suggested.
Risk of breast cancer with oral contraceptive use in women with a family history of breast cancer.

CONTEXT Oral contraceptive (OC) use is weakly associated with breast cancer risk in the general population, but the association among women with a familial predisposition to breast cancer is less clear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the association between OC use and risk of breast cancer is influenced by family history of the disease. DESIGN AND SETTING Historical cohort study of 426 families of breast cancer probands diagnosed between 1944 and 1952 at the Tumor Clinic of the University of Minnesota Hospital. Follow-up data on families were collected by telephone interview between 1991 and 1996. PARTICIPANTS A total of 394 sisters and daughters of the probands, 3002 granddaughters and nieces, and 2754 women who married into the families. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Relative risk (RR) of breast cancer associated with history of OC use by relationship to proband. RESULTS After accounting for age and birth cohort, ever having used OCs was associated with significantly increased risk of breast cancer among sisters and daughters of the probands (RR, 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-6.7), but not among granddaughters and nieces of the probands (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-2.0) or among marry-ins (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.9). Results were essentially unchanged after adjustment for parity, age at first birth, age at menarche, age at menopause, oophorectomy, smoking, and education. The elevated risk among women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer was most evident for OC use during or prior to 1975, when formulations were likely to contain higher dosages of estrogen and progestins (RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.5-7.2). A small number of breast cancer cases (n = 2) limited the statistical power to detect risk among women with a first-degree relative with breast cancer and OC use after 1975. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that women who have ever used earlier formulations of OCs and who also have a first-degree relative with breast cancer may be at particularly high risk for breast cancer. Further studies of women with a strong family history who have used more recent lower-dosage formulations of OCs are needed to determine how women with a familial predisposition to breast cancer should be advised regarding OC use today. JAMA. 2000;284:1791-1798.
Helping the Marginalized: An Empirical Analysis of Two Low-Income Groups

Author(s): Jarvis, Justin | Advisor(s): Brueckner, Jan | Abstract: The three chapters in this dissertation analyze data from studies done with a focus on understanding marginalized people groups. The first analysis (in Chapter 1) looks at the lives of children in poor households in Ecuador, in particular by estimating the effects of the household-level determinants on educational achievement and on the incidence of child labor. The second two analyses (Chapters 2 and 3) attempt to understand the determinants of homelessness in Costa Mesa.Chapter 1 finds that the Bono Desarrollo Humano in Ecuador has a positive effect on reducing child labor in the current generation, and perhaps secondary effects into subsequent generations. I also find that child labor and household educational attainment have a negative correlation, even after controlling for other observables. Chapter 2 utilizes a novel dataset and to study homelessness and finds that the self-reported cause of homelessness is a determining factor. It also finds, as would be expected, that education and the presence of family nearby lessens the intensity of homelessness.Chapter 3 investigates how a homeless individual's intensity of homelessness is predicted by the individual's discount rate and attitudes toward risk. The ex-ante hypothesis is that an increase in homeless intensity could be driven by an decrease in patience and/or an increase in risk tolerance. The hypothesis is tested by using a novel application of weighted least squares to regress the individual's homeless intensity (HIM) on the risk and discount variables mentioned above, as well as on the clearly exogenous individual-level characteristics. Evidence is found to support the hypothesis, in that a decrease in patience is associated with an increase in the individual's HIM. Increasing levels of risk tolerance are associated with an increase in the HIM as well, and this effect appears to be significant even with the inclusion of observably risky behaviors.The data for Chapter 1 was obtained from the Ministry of Social Development of the Government of Ecuador. The data for Chapters 2 and 3 come from two surveys the author conducted himself. The first took place in October of 2012 and the second occurred in April 2014.
HMM-Based Lexicon-Driven and Lexicon-Free Word Recognition for Online Handwritten Indic Scripts

Research for recognizing online handwritten words in Indic scripts is at its early stages when compared to Latin and Oriental scripts. In this paper, we address this problem specifically for two major Indic scripts-Devanagari and Tamil. In contrast to previous approaches, the techniques we propose are largely data driven and script independent. We propose two different techniques for word recognition based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM): lexicon driven and lexicon free. The lexicon-driven technique models each word in the lexicon as a sequence of symbol HMMs according to a standard symbol writing order derived from the phonetic representation. The lexicon-free technique uses a novel Bag-of-Symbols representation of the handwritten word that is independent of symbol order and allows rapid pruning of the lexicon. On handwritten Devanagari word samples featuring both standard and nonstandard symbol writing orders, a combination of lexicon-driven and lexicon-free recognizers significantly outperforms either of them used in isolation. In contrast, most Tamil word samples feature the standard symbol order, and the lexicon-driven recognizer outperforms the lexicon free one as well as their combination. The best recognition accuracies obtained for 20,000 word lexicons are 87.13 percent for Devanagari when the two recognizers are combined, and 91.8 percent for Tamil using the lexicon-driven technique.
The Integration of the Multiple Intelligence Theory into the Early Childhood Curriculum

The study explored the position of administrators, teachers and parents on integrating the multiple intelligences theory (MI) into the early childhood curriculum (prekindergarten to third grade). Results revealed that overall administrators would not change anything in the multiple intelligences integration. They described the teaching effectiveness as very good. The teachers reported the integration as being an ongoing learning experience that was exciting and fun. Although, the teachers would like more time to plan and execute the MI integration into the curriculum. The parents revealed the MI integration as a great concept that allows the students to display their “smarts”. And they indicated that their children liked the MI integration in particular by allowing them to create their own projects. Findings from administrators, teachers, and parents revealed satisfaction with the integration of MI into the curriculum and in particular, the demonstration of respecting how students use different learning styles. The integration revealed enhancement of students’ strengths and love for the MI experience.
Standard Preanalytical Coding for Biospecimens: Defining the Sample PREanalytical Code

Background: Management and traceability of biospecimen preanalytical variations are necessary to provide effective and efficient interconnectivity and interoperability between Biobanks. Methods: Therefore, the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories Biospecimen Science Working Group developed a “Standard PREanalytical Code” (SPREC) that identifies the main preanalytical factors of clinical fluid and solid biospecimens and their simple derivatives. Results: The SPREC is easy to implement and can be integrated into Biobank quality management systems and databases. It can also be extended to nonhuman biorepository areas. Its flexibility allows integration of new novel technological developments in future versions. SPREC version 01 is presented in this article. Conclusions and Impact: Implementation of the SPREC is expected to facilitate and consolidate international multicenter biomarker identification research and biospecimen research in the clinical Biobank environment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(4); 1004–11. ©2010 AACR.
Impact of Brand Credibility and Consumer Values on Consumer Purchase Intentions in Pakistan

Purpose of the research is to examine association of brand credibility and consumer values with purchase intentions of consumers in Pakistan. Brand credibility is studied in three dimensions (trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness) and consumer values are measured through LOV (List of variables) measure. Data was collected from 102 students from different universities. A self administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from respondents by method of convenient sampling. Results of statistical analysis revealed that brand credibility and consumer values are significantly and positively associated with consumer purchase intentions. Our study imply that brand credibility and consumer values both have positive association with consumer purchase intentions so marketer also focus on brand credibility as well as consumer values and should establish long lasting credibility. This study has some limitations that can be reduced by future research. This study was examined on students but in future it can be expanded on to other general consumers. This study focused on cold drinks of a company further it can be broaden to other products and results will be more obvious and effective.
Methods of Pay and Earnings: A Longitudinal Analysis

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1988–90), the author investigates the relationship between methods of pay, including piece rates and bonuses, and the level and variance of wages. Among men, piece rate workers earned a premium compared to other workers, but the evidence on bonuses is mixed. The author finds evidence that female piece rate workers earned more than other female workers once a control variable for the presence of dependents is interacted with the piece rate variable. With controls for the wage effects of schooling and experience, unobserved worker productivity is found to have accounted for most of the wage variance among both male and female piece rate workers; wage variance among workers not having explicit pay for performance schemes, in contrast, was predominantly due to other factors.
Hyper-Kloosterman sums and estimation of exponential sums of polynomials of higher degrees

1.1. Davenport–Hasse identities of Gauss sums. Davenport and Hasse established an identity of Gauss sums in [3]. Let p be an odd prime and m > 1 a divisor of p − 1. Let η be a ramified character of order m on the multiplicative group Qp of the p-adic field Qp. Here by η being ramified we mean that it is nontrivial on R× p ; the order of η is by definition the smallest positive integer m such that η = 1. Then we know that the conductor exponent of η, denoted by a(η), is equal to 1. Let ψ be an additive character of Qp whose order is 0. Here the order of an additive character φ, denoted by n(φ), is the largest integer n such that the character φ is trivial on p−nRp. Let χ be any ramified multiplicative character on Qp satisfying a(χ) = a(χη) = . = a(χηm−1) = 1.
50 Years of Bong-Han Theory and 10 Years of Primo Vascular System

The primo vascular system (PVS) was first introduced by Bong-Han Kim via his five research reports. Among these the third report was most extensive and conclusive in terms of the PVS anatomy and physiology relating to the acupuncture meridians. His study results, unfortunately, were not reproduced by other scientists because he did not describe the materials and methods in detail. In 2002, a research team in Seoul National University reinitiated the PVS research, confirmed the existence of PVS in various organs, and discovered new characteristics of PVS. Two important examples are as follows: PVS was found in the adipose tissue and around cancer tissues. In parallel to these new findings, new methods for observing and identifying PVS were developed. Studies on the cell and material content inside the PVS, including the immune function cells and stem cells, are being progressed. In this review, Bong-Han Kim's study results in his third report are summarized, and the new results after him are briefly reviewed. In the last section, the obstacles in finding the PVS in the skin as an anatomical structure of acupuncture meridian are discussed.
Improving the Robustness of Ring Oscillator TRNGs

A ring oscillator-based true-random number generator design (Rings design) was introduced in Sunar et al. [2007]. The design was rigorously analyzed under a simple mathematical model and its performance characteristics were established. In this article we focus on the practical aspects of the Rings design on a reconfigurable logic platform and determine their implications on the earlier analysis framework. We make recommendations for avoiding pitfalls in real-life implementations by considering ring interaction, transistor-level effects, narrow signal rejection, transmission line attenuation, and sampler bias. Furthermore, we present experimental results showing that changing operating conditions such as the power supply voltage or the operating temperature may affect the output quality when the signal is subsampled. Hence, an attacker may shift the operating point via a simple noninvasive influence and easily bias the TRNG output. Finally, we propose modifications to the design which significantly improve its robustness against attacks, alleviate implementation-related problems, and simultaneously improve its area, throughput, and power performance.
PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KARIR SISWA KELAS X DI SMK NEGERI 1 DEPOK

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap pengambilan keputusan karir siswa kelas X di SMK Negeri 1 Depok. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian kausal komparatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampel dengan jumlah subyek 155 siswa kelas X di SMK Negeri 1 Depok. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner atau angket. Uji validitas yang digunakan untuk skala dukungan keluarga dan pengambilan keputusan karir dilakukan dengan expert judgement dan uji konstruk dengan membandingkan nilai corrected item-total correlation yang diperoleh dengan nilai korelasi minimal 0,30. Uji reliabilitas dilakukan dengan teknik Alpha Cronbach dihasilkan koefisien alpha sebesar pada skala dukungan keluarga sebesar 0,717 dan skala pengambilan keputusan karir sebesar 0,727. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data yang berwujud angka (data kuantitatif). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,530 atau lebih dari 0,05 (5%). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap pengambilan keputusan karir. Kata kunci: dukungan keluarga, pengambilan keutusan karir Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of family support for career decision-making class X in SMK Negeri 1 Depok. This type of research is quantitative approach to research the type of causal comparative research. This study uses a sampling technique with a number of subjects 155 tenth grade students in SMK Negeri 1 Depok. Data collection techniques used in this study using a questionnaire or a questionnaire. Test the validity of which is used to scale the support of family and career decision-making is done by expert judgment and construct test by comparing the corrected item-total correlation obtained by the correlation value of at least 0.30. Reliability tests performed by Cronbach Alpha generated an alpha coefficient of the scale of family support at 0.717 and scale of career decision-making at 0.727. Data analysis techniques used in this research is data analysis techniques are tangible numbers (quantitative data). The results showed that the significance value of 0.530 or more than 0.05 (5%). It can be concluded that there is no influence of family support for career decision-making . Keyword: Family support, career decision making