Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reasons underlying racial differences in stroke incidence and mortality.

Although there has been a significant decline in overall stroke mortality rates since the 1950s, age-adjusted stroke death rates have remained higher in blacks than in whites through 2008.1 The Table shows the 2009 stroke death rates per 100000 according to age and sex for blacks and whites. The relative excess in deaths from stroke among blacks compared with whites is most marked in the population aged <65 years, in which, for example, there is a black/white mortality ratio of 3.7 among men aged 45 to 54 years. The black/white mortality ratio decreases with age in both sexes until ages ≥85 years, when death rates in blacks are lower than in whites. Differences between whites and other racial and ethnic groups in the United States are important but less marked. In 2008, stroke death rates were lowest in American Indians/Alaska natives (24.0 in women and 24.5 in men per 100 000.)1 Stroke death rates were similar in Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islanders, both with rates lower than those in whites.1 Complicating the discussion of racial and ethnic differences in stroke mortality is that the race groups of whites, blacks, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin, and the Hispanic category includes persons across all race groups. Also, death rates are known to be underestimated for Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives for whom data are likely less reliable.2 The initial concerns about black–white disparities in stroke were recognized in the 1970s based on mortality statistics.3,4 These concerns were reinforced by 3 population-based cohort studies of stroke incidence reporting rates observed during the 1960s that also showed similar black–white disparities in incident stroke risk.5–7 There are several more current epidemiological studies that provide insights to …
' s personal copy Impacts of elevated CO 2 on organic carbon dynamics in nutrient depleted Okhotsk Sea surface waters

a Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan b Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, North 19 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan c Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan d Department of Marine Biology and Sciences, Tokai University, 5-1-1-1 Minamisawa, Minami-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 005-8601, Japan e Marine Biological Research Institute of Japan, 4-3-16 Yutaka-cho, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-0042, Japan
Why national and international legitimacy beliefs are linked: Social trust as an antecedent factor

Recent public opinion research has established an empirical regularity of unusual stability and strength: citizen beliefs in the legitimacy of national and international institutions are highly linked. The dominant interpretation of this link holds that citizens draw on their perceptions of national institutions as a heuristic when forming opinions about international institutions. This article proposes an alternative mechanism, privileging social trust as an antecedent factor contributing to both national and international legitimacy beliefs. Using original survey data on citizen attitudes toward four international institutions in three countries, the article provides evidence for social trust as an antecedent factor, while granting no support for the dominant interpretation. The article suggests three broader implications: social trust has more far-reaching consequences for international cooperation than previously understood; political efforts to affect the legitimacy of international institutions are constrained by individual predispositions; and a comparative approach is central to the study of public attitudes toward international institutions.
Achieving Market Responsiveness: The Enabling Role of IT and E-Commerce Adoption in SMEs

In an environment with competition and changes, it is critical for SMEs to achieve market responsiveness, the ability to rapidly sense and respond to changes from external markets. However, little research has been conducted to explore the relationships between IT resources, e-commerce adoption, and market responsiveness of SMEs. By drawing from IT business value and e-commerce literature, this paper proposes a conceptual model that describes the impacts of IT resources on e-commerce adoption and market responsiveness of SMEs.
Fast T Wave Detection Calibrated by Clinical Knowledge with Annotation of P and T Waves

Background There are limited studies on the automatic detection of T waves in arrhythmic electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This is perhaps because there is no available arrhythmia dataset with annotated T waves. There is a growing need to develop numerically-efficient algorithms that can accommodate the new trend of battery-driven ECG devices. Moreover, there is also a need to analyze long-term recorded signals in a reliable and time-efficient manner, therefore improving the diagnostic ability of mobile devices and point-of-care technologies. Methods Here, the T wave annotation of the well-known MIT-BIH arrhythmia database is discussed and provided. Moreover, a simple fast method for detecting T waves is introduced. A typical T wave detection method has been reduced to a basic approach consisting of two moving averages and dynamic thresholds. The dynamic thresholds were calibrated using four clinically known types of sinus node response to atrial premature depolarization (compensation, reset, interpolation, and reentry). Results The determination of T wave peaks is performed and the proposed algorithm is evaluated on two well-known databases, the QT and MIT-BIH Arrhythmia databases. The detector obtained a sensitivity of 97.14% and a positive predictivity of 99.29% over the first lead of the validation databases (total of 221,186 beats). Conclusions We present a simple yet very reliable T wave detection algorithm that can be potentially implemented on mobile battery-driven devices. In contrast to complex methods, it can be easily implemented in a digital filter design.
Efficacy of a mobile lithotripsy service: A one-year review of 222 patients

Abstract Objective. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the management of choice for ureteric and renal stones 20 mm or smaller, with a stone clearance rate of up to 89%. This study determined whether such a high success rate could apply to centres using mobile ESWL, by reviewing the performance at one centre that provides such a service. Material and methods. Between July 2011 and July 2012, 222 patients (median age 51 years, range 18–90 years) underwent one to five sessions of ESWL for ureteric and renal stones (mean size 15 mm, range 4–22 mm). Stone clearance was regarded as residual fragments 2 mm or smaller after completion of sessions. Results. In total, 110 out of 222 patients (49%) were clear of stones. Stones were radiopaque in 198 (89%) and radiolucent in 24 patients (11%), with clearance rates of 48% and 63%, respectively. Regarding size, 36 (16%) were 1–5 mm, 144 (65%) 5–10 mm, 28 (12%) 10–15 mm, eight (4%) 15–20 mm and six (3%) larger than 20 mm, with clearance rates of 61%, 55%, 18%, 13% and 50%, respectively. In total, 173 (78%) were renal stones and 49 (22%) ureteric, with respective clearance rates of 49% and 51%. For kidney stones, 15 (9%) were in the upper, 32 (18%) in the mid, 75 (43%) in the lower pole and 51 (30%) in the pelvis, with clearance rates of 52%, 59%, 49% and 41%; for ureteric stones, 32 (65%) were in the upper, 10 (20%) in the mid and seven (15%) in the lower ureter, with clearance rates of 47%, 70% and 43%, respectively. Conclusion. The performance of mobile ESWL was significantly poorer than expected, and this may be related to a lack of clinical ownership. The authors believe that such a service should be permanently placed on site.
Ethics , Property Rights Institutions , and Economic Growth

Ethical choices of rational agents in our model are a fundamental cause of economic prosperity and growth and a critical factor in the development of property rights institutions. Financial transactions are a key feature, providing the channel through which morality and the institutional framework affect economic well-being. In equilibrium a more moral society gives rise to a higher rate of innovation and economic growth along with stronger protection of property rights and a more developed financial system. Furthermore, a higher degree of risk aversion enhances morality and raises the level and growth rate of output. JEL Classification Codes: O1, K4, G2.
EFFECT OF LACTATION STAGES ON SOME BLOOD SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DAIRY COWS

Received at: 21/6/2014 Received at: 9/7/2014 This study was conducted using Forty five dairy cows selected randomly from small different farms. Blood and milk samples were collected during three stages of lactation (early, middle and late), on each serum sample total proteins, albumin, glucose, urea, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were determined. In each milk sample fat %, total proteins, calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium levels were measured. A significant effect of the lactation stages were observed on glucose, urea, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and calcium, while there were no significant differences during the three lactation stages on serum total protein, albumin, phosphorus and magnesium. In case of the examined milk samples there were no significant differences in fat %, urea, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the different lactation stages. While, there was a significant increase in milk protein in the middle and late lactation stages.
Cell Cycle and Developmental Regulations of Replication Factors in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells*

Embryonic stem (ES) cells can grow rapidly and permanently while maintaining their differentiation capacity. To gain insight into how the cell cycle progression of undifferentiated murine ES cells is regulated, we have examined the expression patterns of various replication and cell cycle regulators. Most factors including cyclins, Cdc6, and geminin are rather constitutively expressed during the cell cycle of ES cells. Furthermore, the transcript levels of almost all the cell cycle regulators we investigated except for p21 and p27 are higher in undifferentiated ES cells than in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and the increased stability of mRNA in ES cells may be partially responsible for this at least with some of the factors. More strikingly, the transcriptional levels of these factors are strongly correlated with the acetylated state of histone H3 at their promoter regions. However, the methylation state of histone or CpG methylation of the promoter region is not generally correlated significantly with the expression pattern of these factors in both cell types. On the protein level, Cdc6, ASK, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1 are extremely abundant in ES cells compared with MEFs. Furthermore, they are rapidly down-regulated upon induction of differentiation of ES cells. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the unusual proliferative properties of ES cells in an undifferentiated state.
A Compact Ultrawideband MIMO Antenna With WLAN Band-Rejected Operation for Mobile Devices

This letter presents an ultrawideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that covers the WCDMA (1.92-2.17 GHz), WiMAX (2.3, 2.5 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz), and UWB (3.1-10.6 GHz) bands for wireless device applications. The proposed antenna consists of a printed folded monopole antenna coupled with a parasitic inverted-L element, with an open stub inserted in the antenna to reject the WLAN (5.15-5.85 GHz) band that interferes with the UWB band. These two antennas are symmetrically arranged on a mobile device substrate. The -10-dB bandwidth of the designed antenna is 1.85-11.9 GHz without the WLAN band 5.15-5.85 GHz. S21 and the envelope correlation coefficient are lower than -17.2 dB and 0.18 in the operating bands, respectively. The size of the antenna is 55 ×13.5 × mm2.
Body cavity-based presentation of natural killer cell lymphoma

We describe an unusual case of a 31-year-old Mexican woman who presented with pleural and peritoneal effusions involved by Epstein-Barr virus-positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of natural killer (NK)-cell lineage. The patient had no symptoms that could be related to her nasal region, and physical examination and radiologic studies showed no evidence of lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, or other extranodal masses. Thus, this case clinically mimicked body cavity-based lymphoma. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type is the current designation for these neoplasms in the recently proposed World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. These tumors previously have been referred to many other names, including lethal midline granuloma, midline malignant reticulosis, polymorphic reticulosis, angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion, and angiocentric lymphoma. Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas typically involve the nasal region, but may involve other extranodal sites, such as skin and gastrointestinal tract. The malignant cytologic features and the presence of azurophilic granules within the cell cytoplasm observed in Wright-Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge preparations led to immunophenotypic and molecular genetic studies that were essential in establishing the correct diagnosis. As demonstrated in the case reported, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas of nasal-type can be clinically aggressive and may be associated with paraneoplastic phenomena.
A Theory of Interdecadal Climate Variability of the North Pacific Ocean–Atmosphere System*

Abstract A linear coupled model for the atmosphere–upper-ocean system is proposed to highlight the mechanisms of decadal to interdecadal climate variability in the North Pacific. In this model, wind stress anomalies over the North Pacific are related to anomalies in the meridional temperature gradient of the upper ocean. The latter depends upon air–sea thermodynamical feedbacks and meridional heat transport by upper-ocean currents. Slow adjustment of the oceanic gyre circulation to the change in wind stress is accomplished by the forced baroclinic oceanic Rossby waves, which carry out the meridional heat transport. Uncoupled ocean dynamic adjustment can produce a weak decadal to interdecadal peak in the power spectrum of the meridional transport under temporal white noise wind stress forcing with organized spatial structure. Coupled dynamics produce a basin-scale interdecadal oscillatory mode. This mode arises from the dynamic coupling and the memory of the system, residing in the slow gyre circulation ad.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE RETURNS ON HUMAN CAPITAL : GOOD NEWS ON WALL STREET IS BAD NEWS ON MAIN STREET Hanno

We use a standard single-agent model to conduct a simple consumption growth accounting exercise. Consumption growth is driven by news about current and expected future returns on the market portfolio. The market portfolio includes financial and human wealth. We impute the residual of consumption growth innovations that cannot be attributed to either news about financial asset returns or future labor income growth to news about expected future returns on human wealth, and we back out the implied human wealth and market return process. This accounting procedure only depends on the agent's willingness to substitute consumption over time, not her consumption risk preferences. We find that innovations in current and future human wealth returns are negatively correlated with innovations in current and future financial asset returns, regardless of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. The evidence from the cross-section of stock returns suggests that the market return we back out of aggregate consumption innovations is a better measure of market risk than the return on the stock market. Hanno Lustig Department of Economics UCLA Box 951477 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1477 and NBER hlustig@econ.ucla. edu Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh Department of Finance New York University 44 W 4 Street Suite 9-190 New York, NY 10012 svnieuwe@stern.nyu. edu
Repeatability of a New Method for Measuring Tear Evaporation Rates

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of tear evaporimetry based on infrared thermography in a clinical room setting and to test the effect of changing environmental humidity on ocular surface temperature (OST) and tear evaporation rates (TERs) in a controlled adverse environmental (CAE) chamber. Methods Twenty-six healthy participants were enrolled, of whom 16 underwent repeatability measurements in a clinical room and 10 were exposed to a constant temperature of 30°C with a humidity of 45 and 65% in a CAE. Participants were acclimatized to each condition for at least 20 minutes before OSTs were taken. Tear film breakup time was assessed in the CAE only. Number of blinks and OSTs were continuously measured for 20 seconds for the cornea, conjunctiva, and overall ocular surface with an infrared camera; corresponding TERs were calculated. Results The OSTs and TERs showed acceptable strength of agreement between the first and second measurements. The coefficients of repeatability were 0.4°C for OST and 6.0 W m−2 for TER. An increase in chamber humidity (from 45 to 65%) increased OST (p < 0.05). The TER was not changed significantly (p > 0.05). The tear film breakup time and number of blinks were not significantly affected by different humidity conditions. Conclusions This technique has acceptable repeatability and has potential to document individual tear evaporation changes with time where humidity may differ by less than 20%.
Nearly optimal multi attribute auctions

In almost every procurement situation, non-price attributes of the items to be purchased play a crucial role. Procurement protocols which take these attributes into account are called multi-attribute auctions.We study the following problem called optimal multi-attribute auction design: A buyer wants to procure an item which can be supplied in many possible configurations. The buyer has a value v(x) for each possible configuration x. Every seller i has a privately known cost ci(x) of supplying each possible configuration. Given a probability distribution on the cost functions, our goal is to design an auction which maximizes the expected utility of the buyer.This paper offers a generic method for the construction of nearly optimal multi-attribute auctions. The computational time of our mechanisms equals the time required for computing (or approximating) the optimal mechanism on a small number of agents. Our method can be successfully applied to many variants of multi-attribute auction design.
The OSU Quake 2004 corpus of two-party situated problem-solving dialogs

This report describes the Ohio State University Quake 2004 corpus of English spontaneous task-oriented two-person situated dialog. The corpus was collected using a first-person display of an interior space (rooms, corridors, stairs) in which the partners collaborate on a treasure hunt task. The corpus contains exciting new features such as deictic and exophoric reference, language that is calibrated against the spatial arrangement of objects in the world, and partial-observability of the task world imposed by the perceptual limitations inherent in the physical arrangement of the world. The corpus differs from prior dialog collections which intentionally restricted the interacting subjects from sharing any perceptual context, and which allowed one subject (the direction-giver or system) to have total knowledge of the state of the task world. The corpus consists of audio/video recordings of each person's experience in the virtual world and orthographic transcriptions. The virtual world can also be used by other researchers who want to conduct additional studies using this stimulus.
Extracorporeal life support as a bridge to high‐urgency heart transplantation

Barth E, Durand M, Heylbroeck C, Rossi‐Blancher M, Boignard A, Vanzetto G, Albaladejo P, Chavanon O. Extracorporeal life support as a bridge to high‐urgency heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011. 01525.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Contact Between Birth and Adoptive Families During the First Year Post-Placement: Perspectives of Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Parents

Despite growing visibility of lesbian- and gay-parent adoption, only one qualitative study has examined birth family contact among adoptive families with lesbian and gay parents (Goldberg, Kinkler, Richardson, & Downing, 2011). We studied adoptive parents’ (34 lesbian, 32 gay, and 37 heterosexual; N = 103 families) perspectives of birth family contact across the first year post-placement. Using questionnaire and interview data, we found few differences in openness dynamics by parental sexual orientation. Most reported some birth mother contact, most had legally finalized their adoption, and few described plans to withhold information from children. We discuss implications for clinical practice, policy, and research.
Comparing General and Partial Equilibrium Approaches to the Study of Real Business Cycles

The international nancial crises and deepening world-wide recession remind us that the economic fates of nations are tightly linked. How do di¤erent models perform in explaining correlated business cycles? This paper compares the performance of two types of international real business cycle models, namely two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) and small open economy (SOE) models in explaining the shock transmission mechanisms across countries, using 68 countries output and consumption data from the Penn World Table (PWT). In particular, we put our emphasis on the two types of models that have both permanent and transitory components of productivity shocks. In the two-country DSGE model, comovement of business cycles among di¤erent countries can be captured by correlated permanent and transitory components of productivities across countries. On the other hand, in the SOE model, comovement of economies can only be modeled through the channel of world interest rate shock. Our evidence shows that the interest rate shock has very limited impact on output growth. Therefore, the two-country DSGE model outperforms the SOE in capturing the e¤ects of the permanent shocks originated from foreign countries, especially for the developed countries, which are highly integrated with each other.