Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure Service Composition with Symbolic Effects

Local policies represent security properties that are applied to (parts of) programs or services. They are amenable for developers since they provide for a full compositionality (through scope nesting), for a simple, automaton-like structure and for a direct enforcing through a corresponding execution monitor. Compliance w.r. t. local policies is statically verified against a safe over-approximation of all the possible execution traces, namely a history expression. Given a service, a safe type and effect system extracts a history expression, from which a viable composition plan can be automatically produced. Viable plans drive executions that never rise policy exceptions. Our main contribution consists in defining a type and effect system that also deals with open systems. Weextend the syntax of a service-oriented version of the lambda-calculus, namely lambda-req, with resources and external branching operators. Then, we safely over-approximate the possible run-time behaviour of services collecting partial information on the relationship between the program flow and the actual resources. Indeed, the history expressions obtained in this way are compact, rather accurate and able to derive viable plansin most cases.
Multiplierless, Folded 9/7– 5/3 Wavelet VLSI Architecture

This brief proposes a multiplierless VLSI architecture for the famous 9/7 wavelet filters. The novelty of this architecture is the possibility to compute the 5/3 wavelet results into the 9/7 data path with a reduced number of adders compared to other solutions. The multiplierless architecture has been characterized in terms of performance through simulations into a JPEG2000 environment and compared to other solutions. Implementation on a 0.13-mum standard cell technology shows that the proposed architecture compared to other multiplierless architectures requires a reduced amount of logic with excellent performance.
Activation of the IGF1 pathway mediates changes in cellular contractility and motility in single-suture craniosynostosis

ABSTRACT Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a major anabolic signal that is essential during skeletal development, cellular adhesion and migration. Recent transcriptomic studies have shown that there is an upregulation in IGF1 expression in calvarial osteoblasts derived from patients with single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC). Upregulation of the IGF1 signaling pathway is known to induce increased expression of a set of osteogenic markers that previously have been shown to be correlated with contractility and migration. Although the IGF1 signaling pathway has been implicated in SSC, a correlation between IGF1, contractility and migration has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined the effect of IGF1 activation in inducing cellular contractility and migration in SSC osteoblasts using micropost arrays and time-lapse microscopy. We observed that the contractile forces and migration speeds of SSC osteoblasts correlated with IGF1 expression. Moreover, both contractility and migration of SSC osteoblasts were directly affected by the interaction of IGF1 with IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Our results suggest that IGF1 activity can provide valuable insight for phenotype–genotype correlation in SSC osteoblasts and might provide a target for therapeutic intervention. Highlighted Article: Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) activation mediates changes in cellular contractility and migration in single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) osteoblasts.
Role of low dose cytarabine in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: An experience

Abstract Purpose: To highlight the acceptable results seen after use of low dose cytarabine in elderly patients of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with comorbidities. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study carried on 30 newly diagnosed patients of AML over 60 years of age who were unfit for standard treatment regimens. We did not use azacytidine and decitabine in our patients because these therapeutic modalities being extremely costly and our patient affordability being poor. After taking patient consent and institutional ethical clearance these patients were treated with 20 mg/m2 cytarabine subcutaneously in two divided doses 12 h apart for 4 days every week for 4 weeks which constituted a cycle before disease, re-assessment was done. A repeat cycle was administered where ever needed and after attainment of remission, we continued low dose cytarabine for 2 days/week as maintenance after complete or partial response was documented. Results: In our study, we found that around 20% of patients achieved complete remission and 30% partial remission. The remission rates were definitely influenced by counts at presentation, performance at presentation, comorbidities, underlying myelodysplastic syndrome and baseline cytogenetics. Conclusion: Low dose cytarabine is effective treatment option for elderly patients with AML when standard treatment options are not warranted.
ACOMPARISON OF LOWER‐BODY FLEXIBILITY, STRENGTH, AND KNEE STABILITY BETWEEN KARATE ATHLETES AND ACTIVE CONTROLS

The purposes of this study were to compare the lower-body flexibility, strength, and knee stability of karate athletes against that of non-karate controls and to determine whether regular karate training results in adaptations that may result in an increased risk for knee injury. Flexibility measurements included knee flexion and extension, hip flexion and extension, hip internal and external rotation, and foot inversion and eversion. Nine karate athletes (4 women and 5 men, age = 24.3 ± 6.7 years) and 15 active, non-karate controls (7 women and 8 men, age = 22.1 ± 3.2 years) participated. No subjects reported recent knee surgery or chronic or acute knee pain. Concentric quadriceps and hamstrings strength and endurance were measured using a Biodex II isokinetic dynamometer at 60° ·s-1 and 180°·s-1. Eccentric strength was measured at 150°·s-1 and 250 ft-lb (339 N·m). Knee stability was measured via varus and valgus stress and anterior drawer testing. Karate athletes demonstrated a significantly greater right hip flexion (p ≤ 0.05). Isokinetic testing demonstrated a significantly greater concentric right and left hamstrings peak torque at 60°·s-1, right hamstrings to quadriceps torque ratio at both 60°·s-1 and 180°·s-1, and a significantly faster time to peak torque in the hamstrings at 60°·s-1 in the karate athletes (p≤ 0.05). Eccentric isokinetic testing showed a significantly higher peak torque at 60°·s-1 in both the right and left quadriceps and hamstrings in the karate group compared to the controls (p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences in bilateral movement of the knees between the karate and control groups. The results indicate that this group of karate athletes may have demonstrated sport-specific adaptations in certain flexibility and strength measurements, but they showed no increased risk for knee injury.
TANE: An Efficient Algorithm for Discovering Functional and Approximate Dependencies

The discovery of functional dependencies from relations is an important database analysis technique. We present TANE, an efficient algorithm for finding functional dependencies from large databases. TANE is based on partitioning the set of rows with respect to their attribute values, which makes testing the validity of functional dependencies fast even for a large number of tuples. The use of partitions also makes the discovery of approximate functional dependencies easy and efficient and the erroneous or exceptional rows can be identified easily. Experiments show that T ANE is fast in practice. For benchmark databases the running times are improved by several orders of magnitude over previously published results. The algorithm is also applicable to much larger datasets than the previous methods.
Developmental Basis for Electrophysiological Heterogeneity in the Ventricular and Outflow Tract Myocardium As a Substrate for Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias

Reentry is the main mechanism of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia. Its occurrence depends on the simultaneous presence of an arrhythmogenic substrate (a preexisting condition) and a “trigger,” and is favored by electrophysiological heterogeneities. In the adult heart, electrophysiological heterogeneities of the ventricle exist along the apicobasal, left–right, and transmural axes. Also, conduction is preferentially slowed in the right ventricular outflow tract, especially during pharmacological sodium channel blockade. We propose that the origin of electrophysiological heterogeneities of the adult heart lies in early heart development. The heart is formed from several progenitor regions: the first heart field predominantly forms the left ventricle, whereas the second heart field forms the right ventricle and outflow tract. Furthermore, the embryonic outflow tract consists of slowly conducting tissue until it is incorporated into the ventricles and develops rapidly conducting properties. The subepicardial myocytes and subendocardial myocytes run distinctive gene programs from their formation onwards. This review discusses the hypothesis that electrophysiological heterogeneities in the adult heart result from persisting patterns in gene expression and function along the craniocaudal and epicardial–endocardial axes of the developing heart. Understanding the developmental origins of electrophysiological heterogeneity contributing to ventricular arrhythmias may give rise to new therapies.
Bayesian Dll for Multipath Mitigation in Navigation Systems Using Particle Filters

In direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) navigation based systems, multipath can degrade seriously synchronization performance causing time delay and code phase estimates, to deviate from the actual value. This bias depends on the relative amplitudes and delays of multipath replicas with respect to the direct signal. The error in the estimated position due to multipath, when using a standard delay lock loop, can be on the order of several tens of meters, which is a critical aspect in high-precision applications. This works presents a sequential Monte Carlo based algorithm which tries to iteratively estimate complex amplitudes and delays of the direct signal and multipath replicas by characterizing the posterior probability density function of these parameters relying on particle filter theory. Simulations are presented for navigation systems, which are particular applications of DS-SS systems
Extracorporeal Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy Markedly Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction in Pigs in Vivo

Background—Prognosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy still remains poor because of the lack of effective treatments. To develop a noninvasive therapy for the disorder, we examined the in vitro and vivo effects of extracorporeal shock wave (SW) that could enhance angiogenesis. Methods and Results—SW treatment applied to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells significantly upregulated mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor Flt-1 in vitro. A porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia was made by placing an ameroid constrictor at the proximal segment of the left circumflex coronary artery, which gradually induced a total occlusion of the artery with sustained myocardial dysfunction but without myocardial infarction in 4 weeks. Thereafter, extracorporeal SW therapy to the ischemic myocardial region (200 shots/spot for 9 spots at 0.09 mJ/mm2) was performed (n=8), which induced a complete recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (51±2% to 62±2%), wall thickening fraction (13±3% to 30±3%), and regional myocardial blood flow (1.0±0.2 to 1.4±0.3 mL · min−1 · g−1) of the ischemic region in 4 weeks (all P<0.01). By contrast, animals that did not receive the therapy (n=8) had sustained myocardial dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction, 48±3% to 48±1%; wall thickening fraction, 13±2% to 9±2%) and regional myocardial blood flow (1.0±0.3 to 0.6±0.1 mL · min−1 · g−1). Neither arrhythmias nor other complications were observed during or after the treatment. SW treatment of the ischemic myocardium significantly upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vivo. Conclusions—These results suggest that extracorporeal cardiac SW therapy is an effective and noninvasive therapeutic strategy for ischemic heart disease.
Cognitive Functioning in Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess cognitive functioning in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and examine whether glycemic history influences cognitive function. Neuropsychological evaluation of 216 children (healthy controls, n = 72; T1D, n = 144) ages 4–10 years across five DirecNet sites. Cognitive domains included IQ, Executive Functions, Learning and Memory, and Processing Speed. Behavioral, mood, parental IQ data, and T1D glycemic history since diagnosis were collected. The cohorts did not differ in age, gender or parent IQ. Median T1D duration was 2.5 years and average onset age was 4 years. After covarying age, gender, and parental IQ, the IQ and the Executive Functions domain scores trended lower (both p = .02, not statistically significant adjusting for multiple comparisons) with T1D relative to controls. Children with T1D were rated by parents as having more depressive and somatic symptoms (p < .001). Learning and memory (p = .46) and processing speed (p = .25) were similar. Trends in the data supported that the degree of hyperglycemia was associated with Executive Functions, and to a lesser extent, Child IQ and Learning and Memory. Differences in cognition are subtle in young children with T1D within 2 years of onset. Longitudinal evaluations will help determine whether these findings change or become more pronounced with time. (JINS, 2014, 20, 238–247)
Synopsis of the aroid scarabs in the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini) from Sumatra and description of a new species

We provide a synopsis of the Sumatran species in the scarab beetle genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini), describe a new species of Peltonotus from Sumatra, and describe the male of P. cybele Jameson & Wada from Sumatra (previously known only by the female holotype). To enable identifi cation, we include a key to the fi ve Sumatran species of Peltonotus, comparative images and diagnoses for all species, and temporal and geographical distributions.
Induction of Silencing in Plants by High-Pressure Spraying of In vitro-Synthesized Small RNAs

In this report, we describe a method for the delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into plant cells. In vitro synthesized siRNAs that were designed to target the coding region of a GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP) transgene were applied by various methods onto GFP-expressing transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants to trigger RNA silencing. In contrast to mere siRNA applications, including spraying, syringe injection, and infiltration of siRNAs that all failed to induce RNA silencing, high pressure spraying of siRNAs resulted in efficient local and systemic silencing of the GFP transgene, with comparable efficiency as was achieved with biolistic siRNA introduction. High-pressure spraying of siRNAs with sizes of 21, 22, and 24 nucleotides (nt) led to local GFP silencing. Small RNA deep sequencing revealed that no shearing of siRNAs was detectable by high-pressure spraying. Systemic silencing was basically detected upon spraying of 22 nt siRNAs. Local and systemic silencing developed faster and more extensively upon targeting the apical meristem than spraying of mature leaves.
Legionnaires' disease outbreak.

The Infectious Diseases Unit of the Human Services Department, Victoria, has received five notifications of Legionnaires’ disease, with onset of symptoms in late June and early July. All cases either lived or worked in the same suburban area, and were due to Legionella pneumophila sero-group 1. One death, in an elderly woman, was reported on 30 June. Investigations found two air conditioning cooling towers close to the suburban shopping district were positive for the same Legionella pneumophila sero-group. One of these towers tested positive for the same molecular sub-type as that found in sputum specimens from two of the cases, one of the cases had a different molecular sub-type, and no bacterial cultures were available from the other two cases. The towers have since been closed, disinfected and reopened, and the associated organisations have been given written recommendations on further treatment to avoid re-infection.
The nearest 'doubly stochastic' matrix to a real matrix with the same first moment

Let T be an arbitrary n × n matrix with real entries. We consider the set of all matrices with a given complex number as an eigenvalue, as well as being given the corresponding left and right eigenvectors. We find the closest matrix A, in Frobenius norm, in this set to the matrix T . The normal cone to a matrix in this set is also obtained. We then investigate the problem of determining the closest “doubly stochastic” (i.e. Ae = e and e A = e , but not necessarily nonnegative) matrix A to T , subject to the constraints e1 A e1 = e T 1 T e1, for k = 1, 2, . A complete solution is obtained via alternating projections on convex sets for the case k = 1, including when the matrix is nonnegative.
The uncertain role of diversity dependence in species diversification and the need to incorporate time-varying carrying capacities

There is no agreement among palaeobiologists or biologists as to whether, or to what extent, there are limits on diversification and species numbers. Here, we posit that part of the disagreement stems from: (i) the lack of explicit criteria for defining the relevant species pools, which may be defined phylogenetically, ecologically or geographically; (ii) assumptions that must be made when extrapolating from population-level logistic growth to macro-evolutionary diversification; and (iii) too much emphasis being placed on fixed carrying capacities, rather than taking into account the opportunities for increased species richness on evolutionary timescales, for example, owing to increased biologically available energy, increased habitat complexity and the ability of many clades to better extract resources from the environment, or to broaden their resource base. Thus, we argue that a more effective way of assessing the evidence for and against the ideas of bound versus unbound diversification is through appropriate definition of the relevant species pools, and through explicit modelling of diversity-dependent diversification with time-varying carrying capacities. Here, we show that time-varying carrying capacities, either increases or decreases, can be accommodated through changing intrinsic diversification rates (diversity-independent effects), or changing the effects of crowding (diversity-dependent effects).
Common neural correlates of emotion perception in humans

Whether neuroimaging findings support discriminable neural correlates of emotion categories is a longstanding controversy. Two recent meta‐analyses arrived at opposite conclusions, with one supporting (Vytal and Hamann [ ]: J Cogn Neurosci 22:2864–2885) and the other opposing this proposition (Lindquist et al. [ ]: Behav Brain Sci 35:121–143). To obtain direct evidence regarding this issue, we compared activations for four emotions within a single fMRI design. Angry, happy, fearful, sad and neutral stimuli were presented as dynamic body expressions. In addition, observers categorized motion morphs between neutral and emotional stimuli in a behavioral experiment to determine their relative sensitivities. Brain–behavior correlations revealed a large brain network that was identical for all four tested emotions. This network consisted predominantly of regions located within the default mode network and the salience network. Despite showing brain–behavior correlations for all emotions, muli‐voxel pattern analyses indicated that several nodes of this emotion general network contained information capable of discriminating between individual emotions. However, significant discrimination was not limited to the emotional network, but was also observed in several regions within the action observation network. Taken together, our results favor the position that one common emotional brain network supports the visual processing and discrimination of emotional stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4184–4201, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The wave resistance of bodies of revolution

Abstract : Following a brief review of prior work on wave resistance of bodies of revolution carried out by Havelock and Weinblum a discussion is presented of the approximate relations between the shape of sectional-area curves and of hydrodynamic irregularity distributions. The latter are expressed by polynomials, which lend themselves to an evaluation of the basic resistance integrals by computing intermediate integrals. Values of the functions thus obtained are tabulated in an appendix. These functions are then used to calculate the resistance of some simple bodies of revolution. Also investigated is how the resistance is influenced by asymmetry with respect to midship section. Distributions leading to bodies of least wave resistance are calculated, assuming rather severe restrictions. A rather complete set of resistance curves is given for an important family of bodies.
Effects on Hamstring Muscle Extensibility, Muscle Activity, and Balance of Different Stretching Techniques

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different stretching techniques on range of motion (ROM), muscle activation, and balance. [Subjects] For the present study, 48 adults with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: a static stretching group (n=16), a PNF stretching group (n=16), a control group (n=16). [Methods] Both of the stretching techniques were applied to the hamstring once. Active knee extension angle, muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), and static balance were measured before and after the application of each stretching technique. [Results] Both the static stretching and the PNF stretching groups showed significant increases in knee extension angle compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in muscle activation or balance between the groups. [Conclusion] Static stretching and PNF stretching techniques improved ROM without decrease in muscle activation, but neither of them exerted statistically significant effects on balance.