Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mid-Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of NGC 1068 with 0.″1 Spatial Resolution

The central region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 is imaged in the mid-infrared (MIR) using the Mid-Infrared Test Observation System on the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. The oversampling pixel scale associated with the shift-and-add method shows 0. ″1 resolution images with a high dynamic range after deconvolution. Along with an extended structure at a position angle (P.A.) of -10° with higher surface brightness, another structure extends wider with lower surface brightness at a P.A. of 20°. The central peak elongates north-south with FWHM of 0. ″3 × 0. ″2. Spectral energy distribution (SED) of the central peak is fitted to have the silicate absorption feature of τ9. 7 μm = 0.9 ± 0.3. This is half of the absorption expected from the near-infrared (NIR) feature of carbonaceous dust. This suggests a temperature gradient of the absorbing dust along the line of sight. Another possibility, which is not distinguishable here, is the size distribution of dust different from our Galaxy. Intrinsic luminosity of emission from the central peak is 3 × 1037 W. The SED shows a hint of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features. Although a high spatial resolution MIR spectrum is required, it suggests that the PAH carriers near the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are sheltered from the high-energy emission from the AGNs and that the AGNs have nuclear starbursts. For the NIR disklike structures, no counterparts are detected in the MIR. The nature of the structures remains unclear.
Institute for Mathematical Physics Asymptotic Structure of Symmetry Reduced General Relativity Asymptotic Structure of Symmetry Reduced General Relativity

Gravitational waves with a space-translation Killing eld are considered. In this case, the 4-dimensional Einstein vacuum equations are equivalent to the 3-dimensional Einstein equations with certain matter sources. This interplay between 4-and 3-dimensional general relativity can be exploited eeectively to analyze issues pertaining to 4 dimensions in terms of the 3-dimensional structures. An example is provided by the asymptotic structure at null innnity: While these space-times fail to be asymptotically at in 4 dimensions, they can admit a regular completion at null innnity in 3 dimensions. This completion is used to analyze the asymptotic symmetries, introduce the analog of the 4-dimensional Bondi energy-momentum and write down a ux formula. The analysis is also of interest from a purely 3-dimensional perspective because it pertains to a diieomorphism invariant 3-dimensional eld theory with local degrees of freedom, i.e., to a midi-superspace. Furthermore, due to certain peculiarities of 3 dimensions, the description of null innnity does have a number of features that are quite surprising because they do not arise in the Bondi-Penrose description in 4 dimensions.
Comparison of the horizontal and the vertical common subexpression elimination methods for realizing digital filters

Common subexpression elimination (CSE) techniques address the issue of minimizing the number of adders needed to implement the coefficient multipliers in digital filters. Two classes of common subexpressions (CS) occur in the canonic signed digit (CSD) representation of coefficients, called the horizontal and the vertical CS. Previous works have not addressed the trade-offs in using these two types of CS on the delay and the number of multiplier block adders. We provide a comparison of hardware reductions achieved using the horizontal and the vertical CS in realizing digital filters. We show that the CSE technique employing horizontal CS offers better reductions in the number of adders and critical paths than its vertical CS counterpart in practical linear phase finite impulse response (LPFIR) filter implementations. Our simulation results show that the hardware reductions offered by the vertical CS in implementing infinite impulse response (IIR) filters are improved compared to their LPFIR counterparts.
Clinical outcomes and prediction of survival following percutaneous biliary drainage for malignant obstructive jaundice

The present study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice and identify potential predictors of patient survival. Clinical data from 102 patients (66 males and 36 females; median age, 63.50 years; range, 29–84 years) with a mean (± standard deviation) pre-drainage serum bilirubin level of 285.4 (±136.7 μmol/l), were retrospectively studied. Technical and clinical success, complications and survival time were recorded and their relationship with clinical factors, including age, obstruction level, liver metastases, serum bilirubin level and subsequent treatments following drainage, were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. Patient survival rate and other predictors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox’s proportional hazard model. The technical and clinical success rates were 100 and 76.5%, respectively. The presence of liver metastases was associated with reduced successful drainage. The overall complication rate was 7.8% and the overall median survival time was 185 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 159–211 days]. A log-rank test showed that age (χ2, 4.003; P=0.04), bilirubin levels following procedure (χ2, 5.139; P=0.02) and subsequent therapy (χ2, 15.459; P=0.00) affected survival time. However, Cox’s regression analysis revealed no administration of additional treatments to be a risk factor of survival (odds ratio, 2.323; 95% CI, 1.465–3.685; P=0.000). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction was found to be a safe and effective method to relieve jaundice caused by progressive neoplasms. Subsequent radical therapy following drainage, including surgery, chemotherapy and other local treatment types, are likely to increase patient survival.
Computational and Dynamic Complexity in Economics

This paper examines the rising competition between computational and dynamic conceptualizations of complexity in economics. While computable economics views the complexity as something rigorously defined based on concepts from probability, information, and computability criteria, dynamic complexity is based on whether a system endogenously and deterministically generates erratically dynamic behavior of certain kinds. On such behavior is the phenomenon of emergence, the appearance of new forms or structures at higher levels of a system from processes occurring at lower levels. While the two concepts can overlap, they represent substantially different perspectives. A competition of sorts between them may become more important as new, computerized market systems emerge and evolve to higher levels of complexity of both kinds. Acknowledgement: The author wishes to thank K. Vela Velupillai for providing materials and discussion of interest and also for his hospitality and that of his colleagues at the University of Trento. He also wishes to thank Joseph L. McCauley and E. Roy Weintraub for providing materials and interesting discussion and Philip Mirowski for providing useful materials. The usual caveat applies.
Structural Consequences of Retention Policies: The Use of Computer Models To Inform Policy

This paper reports on a longitudinal study of the structural effects of grade retention on dropout rate and percent of graduates qualified. The study drew on computer simulation to explore the effects of retention and how this practice affects dropout rate, the percent of graduates who meet required standards, and enrollment itself. The computer results were then compared to data collected during a period of high retention pursued by the Dade County Florida school district in the 1980s. Model results agreed with empirical studies, thus demonstrating that retention-form patterns have consequences over time, and that computer simulations can be instrumental in understanding the complex nature of those consequences. Three major points arise from the simulations concerning the sharp changes in the behavior of the selected variables at the beginning and following the end of the retention policy: (1) it is important to recognize the existence, origin, and shape of patterns of variable behavior; (2) retention effects lingered long after the policy ended--the graduating classes' quality drops rapidly for 5 years following the end of the policy; and (3) policymakers must consider the old policy's residual effects when implementing new retention policies. (Contains 5 figures, 9 notes, and 43 references.) (RJM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Structural Consequences of Retention Policies: The Use of Computer Models to Inform Policy
Training Advanced Writing Skills: The Case for Deliberate Practice

The development of advanced writing skills has been neglected in schools of the United States, with even some college graduates lacking the level of ability required in the workplace (National Commission on Writing, 2003, 2004). The core problem, we argue, is an insufficient degree of appropriate task practice distributed throughout the secondary and higher education curriculum. We draw on the power law of skill acquisition, the role of deliberate practice in expert performance, and the uniquely intensive demands that advanced written composition place on working memory to make this case. A major impediment to assigning enough writing tasks is the time and effort involved in grading papers to provide feedback. We close by considering possible solutions to the grading problem.
Prion Protein Accumulation in Lipid Rafts of Mouse Aging Brain

The cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) is a normal constituent of neuronal cell membranes. The protein misfolding causes rare neurodegenerative disorders known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases. These maladies can be sporadic, genetic or infectious. Sporadic prion diseases are the most common form mainly affecting aging people. In this work, we investigate the biochemical environment in which sporadic prion diseases may develop, focusing our attention on the cell membrane of neurons in the aging brain. It is well established that with aging the ratio between the most abundant lipid components of rafts undergoes a major change: while cholesterol decreases, sphingomyelin content rises. Our results indicate that the aging process modifies the compartmentalization of PrPC. In old mice, this change favors PrPC accumulation in detergent-resistant membranes, particularly in hippocampi. To confirm the relationship between lipid content changes and PrPC translocation into detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), we looked at PrPC compartmentalization in hippocampi from acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) knockout (KO) mice and synaptosomes enriched in sphingomyelin. In the presence of high sphingomyelin content, we observed a significant increase of PrPC in DRMS. This process is not due to higher levels of total protein and it could, in turn, favor the onset of sporadic prion diseases during aging as it increases the PrP intermolecular contacts into lipid rafts. We observed that lowering sphingomyelin in scrapie-infected cells by using fumonisin B1 led to a 50% decrease in protease-resistant PrP formation. This may suggest an involvement of PrP lipid environment in prion formation and consequently it may play a role in the onset or development of sporadic forms of prion diseases.
Do Self-Figure Drawings Reveal the Drawer’s Cultural Values? Thais and Israelis Draw Themselves

This study aimed to investigate to what extent the self-figure drawings of young adult Thais differ from the self-figure drawings of a matched Israeli group. The convenience sample consisted of 24 participants; 12 Israelis and 12 Thais were asked to draw themselves with a pencil on a sheet of A4 paper and add a narrative to the drawing. In addition, they were asked to draw how they are perceived by the other group. Analyses of variance were conducted within and between the groups of drawings. The results indicated significant differences in body size, body shape, and the addition of cultural symbols between the two groups. The differences in cultural values were discussed in light of the findings.
Online Self-Reconfiguration with Performance Guarantee for Energy-Efficient Large-Scale Cloud Computing Data Centers

In a typical large-scale data center, a set of applications are hosted over virtual machines (VMs) running on a large number of physical machines (PMs). Such a virtualization technique can be used for conserving power consumption by minimizing the number of PMs that should be turned on according to the application requirements to resource. However, the resource demands for VMs is dynamic in nature since the number of user requests the applications should handle is rapidly changing in practice. It is a great challenge to online reconfigure the VMs (i.e., optimize the number and the locations for the VMs) according to the dynamic resource demands. Especially for the emerging applications of large-scale data centers for cloud computing systems, existing approaches either fails to find a best configuration of VMs or cannot produce a result in an acceptable time. In this paper, we propose an online self-reconfiguration approach for reallocating VMs in large-scale data centers. It first accurately predicts the future workloads of the applications with Brown’s quadratic exponential smoothing. Based on such a prediction, it adopts a genetic algorithm to efficiently find the optimal reconfiguration policy. The resource utilization of large-scale cloud computing data centers can thus be improved and their energy consumption can be greatly conserved. We conduct extensive experiments and the results verify that our approach can effectively switch off more unnecessary running PMs comparing with current approaches without a performance degradation of the whole system.
Migration and the Economic Downturn: What to Expect in the European Union

The present invention teaches methods for using a point-and-click interface to allow developers to create visual relationships between APIs and GUI components. Further, the present invention uses interactive machine learning to learn from developer actions. The present invention will assist Developers by providing recommendations on how their application should compile to a target platform. Developers may then configure their app and its connection to APIs (device and remote) directly from the present invention's point-and-click interface. The invention also teaches methods for visual recognition of data structures to allow sections of data to be targeted by a system that matches targeted data to a GUI component. The visual recognition system allows any type of data to move between systems and have required protocols applied at run time instead of during development in the way traditional software works.
The English Communication and Learning Needs of Master of Business Administration Students and Curriculum Development at a Chinese University

This study investigates the communication and learning needs of Master of Business Administration (MBA) business English students and their perceptions of effective curriculum design. The research instruments are two-stage surveys of 99 MBA students from a public university in China. The results of the study show that English is not extensively used in the workplaces of MBA business English students, and that the majority of them use Chinese. Most English usage occurs in foreign businesses. The most difficult skills for MBA business English learners are found to be oral communication and listening comprehension. However, there are still very strong needs for further improvement in English communication. For the MBA business English courses, oral communication activities, especially with expatriate teachers, are particularly needed. The MBA business English courses should connect with real-world practice and be relevant to job and business needs. This study has significant implications for MBA business English curriculum reform in both Chinese and international contexts.
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF MULTIPLE STANDING COLUMN WELLS FOR 1 HEATING AND COOLING BUILDINGS 2 3

A model for simulating clusters of standing column wells (SCWs) for use in geothermal heating and cooling systems is described in this paper. The model is three-dimensional, dynamic and solves the governing equations using a finite volume discretisation scheme with a fully implicit algorithm. The slower-acting field equations are solved using a wider time interval than that used for the fasteracting well equations and the two sets of equations are coupled through the field equation source terms. A groundwater bleed feature is incorporated. The model is applied to two evaluative test cases the first of which involves heating only and the second, heating and cooling. Results of the applications suggest that SCWs can deliver substantially higher rates of heat transfer than conventional closed loop borehole heat exchanger arrays especially when groundwater bleed is operational. An important practical consequence of this is that far less geotechnical drilling is needed when using SCWs than is the case with closed loop arrays.
Kinetic models of heterogeneous dissipation

We suggest kinetic models of dissipation for an ensemble of interacting oriented particles, for example, moving magnetized particles. This is achieved by introducing a double bracket dissipation in kinetic equations using an oriented Poisson bracket, and employing the moment method to derive continuum equations for magnetization and density evolution. We show how our continuum equations generalize the Debye-H¨uckel equations for attracting round particles, and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations for spin waves in magnetized media. We also show formation of singular solutions that are clumps of aligned particles ( orientons ) starting from random initial conditions. Finally, we extend our theory to the dissipative motion of self-interacting curves.
Análisis econométrico del tránsito a la jubilación para trabajadores de edad avanzada

En este trabajo se analiza la participacion laboral de las personas mayores a traves de modelos de duracion con variables censuradas. Se estiman los efectos de diversas variables sobre la edad de jubilacion de los trabajadores obteniendose unos resultados altamente estables a traves del periodo 1987-1991.
Immigration and Inter-Regional Mobility in the UK, 1982-2000

The possible effects of higher immigration, raising unemployment and lowering earnings for locals, has been a contentious empirical issue and it has recently come to the fore in Britain. Most studies that look across local labour markets, chiefly for the US but recently for the UK, have found the effects of immigration to be benign. One possibility is that an influx of immigrants from abroad to a specific area simply pushes non-immigrants onwards to other localities and thereby spreads the labour market effects over the whole economy. We investigate this issue looking at net internal migration across 11 UK regions over two decades. While we find consistently negative crowding out effects, the results are not statistically very strong. Neither are they enhanced when embedded in a model that includes other variables that drive inter-regional migration or one that examines bilateral population flows between regions. We conclude that this particular channel of adjustment is fairly weak.
Ventilatory Chaos Is Impaired in Carotid Atherosclerosis

Ventilatory chaos is strongly linked to the activity of central pattern generators, alone or influenced by respiratory or cardiovascular afferents. We hypothesized that carotid atherosclerosis should alter ventilatory chaos through baroreflex and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. Chaotic dynamics of inspiratory flow was prospectively evaluated in 75 subjects undergoing carotid ultrasonography: 27 with severe carotid stenosis (>70%), 23 with moderate stenosis (<70%), and 25 controls. Chaos was characterized by the noise titration method, the correlation dimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent. Baroreflex sensitivity was estimated in the frequency domain. In the control group, 92% of the time series exhibit nonlinear deterministic chaos with positive noise limit, whereas only 68% had a positive noise limit value in the stenoses groups. Ventilatory chaos was impaired in the groups with carotid stenoses, with significant parallel decrease in the noise limit value, correlation dimension and largest Lyapunov exponent, as compared to controls. In multiple regression models, the percentage of carotid stenosis was the best in predicting the correlation dimension (p<0.001, adjusted R2: 0.35) and largest Lyapunov exponent (p<0.001, adjusted R2: 0.6). Baroreflex sensitivity also predicted the correlation dimension values (p = 0.05), and the LLE (p = 0.08). Plaque removal after carotid surgery reversed the loss of ventilatory complexity. To conclude, ventilatory chaos is impaired in carotid atherosclerosis. These findings depend on the severity of the stenosis, its localization, plaque surface and morphology features, and is independently associated with baroreflex sensitivity reduction. These findings should help to understand the determinants of ventilatory complexity and breathing control in pathological conditions.
Sorghum Expressed Sequence Tags Identify Signature Genes for Drought, Pathogenesis, and Skotomorphogenesis from a Milestone Set of 16,801 Unique Transcripts1[w]

Improved knowledge of the sorghum transcriptome will enhance basic understanding of how plants respond to stresses and serve as a source of genes of value to agriculture. Toward this goal, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cDNA libraries were prepared from light- and dark-grown seedlings, drought-stressed plants, Colletotrichum-infected seedlings and plants, ovaries, embryos, and immature panicles. Other libraries were prepared with meristems from Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc. that had been photoperiodically induced to flower, and with rhizomes from S. propinquum and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L. Pers.). A total of 117,682 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained representing both 3′ and 5′ sequences from about half that number of cDNA clones. A total of 16,801 unique transcripts, representing tentative UniScripts (TUs), were identified from 55,783 3′ ESTs. Of these TUs, 9,032 are represented by two or more ESTs. Collectively, these libraries were predicted to contain a total of approximately 31,000 TUs. Individual libraries, however, were predicted to contain no more than about 6,000 to 9,000, with the exception of light-grown seedlings, which yielded an estimate of close to 13,000. In addition, each library exhibits about the same level of complexity with respect to both the number of TUs preferentially expressed in that library and the frequency with which two or more ESTs is found in only that library. These results indicate that the sorghum genome is expressed in highly selective fashion in the individual organs and in response to the environmental conditions surveyed here. Close to 2,000 differentially expressed TUs were identified among the cDNA libraries examined, of which 775 were differentially expressed at a confidence level of 98%. From these 775 TUs, signature genes were identified defining drought, Colletotrichum infection, skotomorphogenesis (etiolation), ovary, immature panicle, and embryo.
Constraints on extremal self-dual CFTs

We argue that the existence of a modular differential equation implies that a certain vector vanishes in Zhu's C2 quotient space, and we check this assertion in numerous examples. If this connection is true in general, it would imply that the recently conjectured extremal self-dual conformal field theories at c = 24k cannot exist for k ≥ 42.