Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated accretion disk angular momentum removal and astrophysical jet acceleration mechanism

Ions and neutrals in the weakly ionized plasma of an accretion disc are tightly bound because of the high ion–neutral collision frequency. A cluster of a statistically large number of ions and neutrals behaves as a fluid element having the charge of the ions and the mass of the neutrals. This fluid element is effectively a metaparticle having such an extremely small charge-to-mass ratio that its cyclotron frequency can be of the order of the Kepler angular frequency. In this case, metaparticles with a critical charge-to-mass ratio can have zero canonical angular momentum. Zero canonical angular momentum metaparticles experience no centrifugal force and spiral inwards towards the central body. Accumulation of these inward spiralling metaparticles near the central body produces radially and axially outward electric fields. The axially outward electric field drives an out-of-plane poloidal electric current along arched poloidal flux surfaces in the highly ionized volume outside the disc. This out-of-plane current and its associated magnetic field produce forces that drive bidirectional astrophysical jets flowing normal to and away from the disc. The poloidal electric current circuit removes angular momentum from the accreting mass and deposits this removed angular momentum at near infinite radius in the disc plane. The disc region is an electric power source (E⋅J 0).
Foetus or child? Abortion discourse and attributions of humanness.

Due to moral, religious, and cultural sensibilities, the topic of abortion still gives rise to controversy. The ongoing public debate has become visibly polarized with the usage of the pro-life versus pro-choice rhetoric. The aim of the current research was to investigate whether the language used in abortion discourse can affect people's attitudes by changing their attributions of humanity to unborn. Across three experimental studies we showed that participants who read about a 'foetus', compared to a 'child' declared higher support for elective abortion (Study 1; N = 108), this effect can be explained by greater humanness, as reflected in human nature traits, attributed to the child (vs. the foetus; Study 2; N = 121). The effect is mediated uniquely by attribution of human nature, but not by human uniqueness traits (Study 3; N = 120). These findings serve as a starting point for discussion of the role of language in shaping attitudes on abortion and other morally ambiguous issues.
The segregation and emplacement of granitic magmas

The segregation of granitic magma from residual crystals at low melt-fraction is strongly dependent on the viscosity of the melt. Theoretical considerations imply that for the typical range of granitic melt viscosities (104Pas to 1011Pas) only very limited separation will be possible by a compaction mechanism over the typical duration of a crustal melting event (c. 106 years). Small-scale segregations (millimetre to metre) of the type observed in migmatite terranes may be generated by compaction (possibly assisted by continuous deformation), or by flow of melt into extensional fractures, but low melt-fraction liquids are unlikely to be extracted to form large (kilometre-size) granitic plutons because of the limited separation efficiency. At higher melt-fractions (>30%) the rapid decrease in strength and effective viscosity during partial melting allows other segregation processes to operate. Calculations and experiments indicate that in granitic systems the effective viscosity of partially melted rocks, having a very narrow melt fraction range of 30–50% will fall rapidly to levels at which convective overturn of kilometre-thick zones can occur. Convective motion within anatectic regions is capable of generating large (kilometre-size) homogeneous, high crystal-fraction, crustally-derived magma bodies, which are orders of magnitude greater in size than low melt-fraction segregates. Before convective instability is reached, small (centimetre- to metre-sized) pods of granitic liquid may rise buoyantly through, and pond at the top of such partly molten zones; such a process is consistent with the observation that some granulites appear to be residue rocks, chemically depleted in a minimum melt component. The effective viscosity (and hence the susceptibility to convection) of a partially melted zone within the crust, is strongly dependent on the water content of the system at a given pressure and temperature, because this controls both the quantity of melt generated and also the viscosity of the melt. The intrinsic water content of most crustal lithologies is incapable of promoting the high percentages of partial melting, or the low liquid viscosities, required to form large kilometre-sized granitic plutons by convective homogenization, at typical crustal temperatures. This suggests that the anatexis involved in the generation of large crustally-derived magma bodies has in many cases been promoted by an influx of externally derived aqueous fluid. These magma segregation processes are illustrated with respect to the petrogenesis of three different types of granitoid pluton from a Hercynian low-pressure, metamorphic-anatectic terrane in the Pyrenees.
Proterochampsia: an endemic archosauriform clade from South America

Abstract Proterochampsia is a monophyletic group of crocodile-like archosauriforms currently endemic to the late Middle and early Late Triassic of South America considered as one of the potential successive sister-taxa of the crown group Archosauria. The proterochampsians come from the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in the west of Argentina and the Parana Basin in the south of Brazil. The traditional composition of the group includes the genera Cerritosaurus Price 1946, Proterochampsa Reig 1959 (with two species: P. barrionuevoi in Argentina and P. nodosa Barberena 1982 in Brazil), Chanaresuchus Romer (with two species from Argentina: C. bonapartei Romer and C. ischigualastensis Trotteyn et al. 2012), Gualosuchus reigi Romer 1971 and Tropidosuchus romeri Arcucci 1990. After a precladistic history of confusion about their relationships with crocodilians, in the last 20 years new discoveries of taxa, and more systematic and phylogenetic studies, have clarified their position as non-archosaurian archosauriforms and their relationships with other Triassic archosaurs.
A Targeted Association Study of Immunity Genes and Networks Suggests Novel Associations with Placental Malaria Infection

A large proportion of the death toll associated with malaria is a consequence of malaria infection during pregnancy, causing up to 200,000 infant deaths annually. We previously published the first extensive genetic association study of placental malaria infection, and here we extend this analysis considerably, investigating genetic variation in over 9,000 SNPs in more than 1,000 genes involved in immunity and inflammation for their involvement in susceptibility to placental malaria infection. We applied a new approach incorporating results from both single gene analysis as well as gene-gene interactions on a protein-protein interaction network. We found suggestive associations of variants in the gene KLRK1 in the single gene analysis, as well as evidence for associations of multiple members of the IL-7/IL-7R signalling cascade in the combined analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale genetic study on placental malaria infection to date, opening the door for follow-up studies trying to elucidate the genetic basis of this neglected form of malaria.
Interpolation of intersections by the real method

Let (X0,X1) be a Banach couple with X0 ∩X1 dense both in X0 and in X1, and let (X0,X1)�,q (0 < � < 1, 1 ≤ q < ∞) denote the real interpolation spaces. Suppose is a linear functionaldefined on some linear subspaceM ⊂ X0+X1 and satisfying ∈ (X0 ∩X1)∗, 6 0. Conditions are considered that ensure the natural identity (X0 ∩ Ker ,X1 ∩ Ker )�,q = (X0,X1)�,q ∩ Ker . The results obtained provide a solution for the problem posed by N. Kruglyak, L. Ma- ligranda, and L. -E. Persson and pertaining to interpolation of couples of intersections that are generated by an integral functional in a weightedLp-scale. Furthermore, an expression is found for the K-functional on a couple of intersections corresponding to a linear functional, and some other related questions are treated.
Late Quaternary of the middle Caquetá River area (Colombian Amazonia)

The late Quaternary history of the middle Caqueta River area in Colombia, northwestern Amazonia is described, based on observations of river bank sections, radiocarbon dates and palynological analyses of organic layers in floodplain and low terrace sediments of the Caqueta River. It is shown that the Late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic changes that took place in the Andean Cordilleras, were related to the depositional and erosional history of the Caqueta River in the Colombian Amazonian lowlands. The low terrace sediments consist of sandy and gravelly deposits covered by clays that sometimes contain lenses of peaty material. From these organic low terrace sediments, seven finite radiocarbon dates were obtained of Middle Pleniglacial age, between 56 000 and 30 000 yr BP. The coarse textured basal deposits of the low terrace apparently stem from the early part of the Middle Pleniglaciai period, during which the effective rainfall in the Andes was relatively high and the Andean glaciers had a considerable extension. Palynological data from silty sediments with organic remains at one site, show an interval when drier and more open types of vegetation on poor soils must have covered a larger area than today, but Amazonian forest was still the dominating type of vegetation. This interval might correspond to one of the Middle Pleniglacial savanna intervals from eastern Amazonia (Carajas). No organic sediments from the Upper Pleniglacial period were found and hence radiocarbon dates were not obtained. In the Andes this period had a very cold climate with low effective rainfall and in the east Amazonian Carajas area it is characterised by the relative extension of open savanna vegetation. The river run-off and sediment transport must have been much lower than in the Middle Pleniglacial and the Caqueta River cut itself down in its own sediments. Two Late-glacial radiocarbon datings obtained at one site (ca. 12 500 yr BP) indicate the existence of a Late-glacial sedimentation phase, separated from the Holocene sequence by a minor erosional phase. Organic layers in the Holocene floodplain sediments yielded 28 radiocarbon dates between 10 000 and 355 yr BP. Holocene sedimentation started with the rapid deposition of (sandy) clay possibly in a partly permanently inundated Caqueta valley. During the major part of the Holocene (silty) clays were deposited, with a dominant seasonal inundation cycle.
A Comparison of Climate Simulations from a Semi-Lagrangian and an Eulerian GCM

Abstract Two parallel 5-year climate simulations have been carried out to assess the effect of changing from an Eulerian to a semi-Lagrangian formulation of a general circulation model's dynamical core with the physical parameterizations unchanged. It has been found that the change in formulation leads to significant differences in the simulated climates, both for fields determined mainly by the dynamics, such as sea level pressure, and for those determined mainly by the physics, such as precipitation. The differences result both directly from the changes in the dynamics and indirectly from the interactions of the dynamics with the physics. Compared to the simulation with the Eulerian model, the principal improvement with the semi-Lagrangian model is a significant reduction in, or even elimination of, the cold bias in the polar upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in both hemispheres. This improvement is evident in both the winter and summer seasons. It results from the more efficient poleward heat tr.
Algorithmic Principles of Remote PPG

This paper introduces a mathematical model that incorporates the pertinent optical and physiological properties of skin reflections with the objective to increase our understanding of the algorithmic principles behind remote photoplethysmography (rPPG). The model is used to explain the different choices that were made in existing rPPG methods for pulse extraction. The understanding that comes from the model can be used to design robust or application-specific rPPG solutions. We illustrate this by designing an alternative rPPG method, where a projection plane orthogonal to the skin tone is used for pulse extraction. A large benchmark on the various discussed rPPG methods shows that their relative merits can indeed be understood from the proposed model.
Differential effect of epigenetic alterations and genomic deletions of CDK inhibitors [p16(INK4a), p15(INK4b), p14(ARF)] in mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by the chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32), resulting in overexpression of CCND1 in the vast majority of cases. In addition, alterations of other cell‐cycle‐regulating signal pathways (CDKN2B/CDKN2A‐CCND1 and ARF‐MDM2‐TP53) are frequently observed. However, the hierarchy of promoter methylations and genomic alterations as well as the interaction with other cell‐cycle regulator CDKN1A is poorly understood. A complete methylation‐specific PCR coupled with direct sequencing of 71 MCL patient samples previously characterized for TP53 alterations, Ki67 expression by immunohistochemistry, and other genomic alterations was performed. In contrast to rare p16(INK4a) promoter methylation (9%), frequent p15(INK4b) (62%) and p14(ARF) (70%) promoter methylation was detectable in MCL. In an additional 16% of MCL cases, LOH for p16(INK4a) was detected. However, MCL cases with p15(INK4b) methylation tended to have lower proliferation (73% vs. 57%), and p15(INK4b) and p14(ARF) promoter methylation was also detected in normal stem cells. Therefore, epigenetic changes of those genes seem not to represent primary oncogenic mechanisms but physiological mechanisms of cell regulation. The rare p16(INK4a) promoter methylation and p16(INK4a) genetic alterations were directly correlated to cell proliferation and therefore are regarded as additional molecular alterations involved in the cell‐cycle dysregulation of MCL. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor MEF2C influences neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation and maturation in vivo

Emerging evidence suggests that myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors act as effectors of neurogenesis in the brain, with MEF2C the predominant isoform in developing cerebrocortex. Here, we show that conditional knockout of Mef2c in nestin-expressing neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) impaired neuronal differentiation in vivo, resulting in aberrant compaction and smaller somal size. NSC proliferation and survival were not affected. Conditional null mice surviving to adulthood manifested more immature electrophysiological network properties and severe behavioral deficits reminiscent of Rett syndrome, an autism-related disorder. Our data support a crucial role for MEF2C in programming early neuronal differentiation and proper distribution within the layers of the neocortex.
Adaptation Study of Improved Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L) Varieties at Kellem Wollega Zone, Haro Sabu, Ethiopia

The present study was envisaged to assess the adaptability of four improved Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L) varieties (Arerti,Monino, Shasho, Ejere and a local check (Harere) at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center sub sites, to see their adaptability potential under western Oromia. These varieties were sown in RCBD with three replications during 2013/14 at Hawa Galan and Tabor sub sites. Combined analyses of data from the two experimental sites(Hawa Galan and Tabor )revealed very highly significant varietal differences (P < 0.05) in grain yield, days to 50% flowering and days to 95% maturity, seed per pod and hundred seed weight and significant for plant height. However, no significant varietal differences were observed in main branch per plant and pod per plant. The location effect was highly significant (P < 0.05) for hundred seed weight and significant for plant height. There were no significant differences between the two locations with respect days to 50% flowering, days to 95% maturity, main branch per plant, pod per plant, seed per pod and yield. The replication across location effect was not significant (P < 0.05) for all characters studied. A variety x Location interaction effects was highly significant (P < 0.05) only for hundred seed weight. Regarding the mean performances of varieties over the two locations, Arerti was the highest in grain yield (20.1 Qt ht -1 ), followed by Shasho (19.8 Qt ht -1 ). On the contrary, the lowest grain yield was obtained from Monino (5.2 Qt ht -1 ). Keywords : Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L); varieties; adaptability
The seasonal intrusion of relatively saline water on the shelf off northern and central Namibia

The movement of tropical, saline water onto the northern and central Namibian shelf in late summer and early autumn in the periods 1973–1974 and 1979–1986 is investigated. The strong intrusions in 1974, 1979, 1980(? ), 1984 and 1986 appear related to positive thermal anomalies in the equatorial Atlantic and a southward deviation in the position of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. A limited intrusion which occurred mainly subsurface in 1985 is compared with an extensive intrusion with both surface and subsurface expression in 1986. In 1984 a single, top-bottom intrusion was observed. This intrusion, which showed substantially lower concentrations of nutrients than in 1985 or 1986, has been termed a "Benguela Nino" on account of its resemblance to the Pacific phenomenon.
Parkinson's disease: a novel MRI method for determining structural changes in the substantia nigra

OBJECTIVES To use MRI in a novel way to image and quantify the changes occurring in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. METHODS Six patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were compared with six age matched control subjects. The subjects were imaged using a combination of pulse sequences hypothesised to be sensitive to cell loss. RESULTS The images showed patterns of change in patients with Parkinson's disease. Highly significant differences between the patients and control population were found (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This methodology suggests the possibility of detecting presymptomatic disease in those judged to be at risk, and also in confirming the diagnosis in patients with early disease. Furthermore, the technique seems to hold promise as a means for staging the disease, and possibly differentiating other forms of parkinsonism.
Differentiation of thrombus from pannus as the cause of acquired mechanical prosthetic heart valve obstruction by non-invasive imaging: a review of the literature.

AIMS For acquired mechanical prosthetic heart valve (PHV) obstruction and suspicion on thrombosis, recently updated European Society of Cardiology guidelines advocate the confirmation of thrombus by transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and fluoroscopy. However, no evidence-based diagnostic algorithm is available for correct thrombus detection, although this is clinically important as fibrinolysis is contraindicated in non-thrombotic obstruction (isolated pannus). Here, we performed a review of the literature in order to propose a diagnostic algorithm. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a systematic search in Pubmed and Embase. Included publications were assessed on methodological quality based on the validated Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) II checklist. Studies were scarce (n = 15) and the majority were of moderate methodological quality. In total, 238 mechanical PHV's with acquired obstruction and a reliable reference standard were included for the evaluation of the role of fluoroscopy, echocardiography, or multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). In acquired PHV obstruction caused by thrombosis, mass detection by TEE and leaflet restriction detected by fluoroscopy were observed in the majority of cases (96 and 100%, respectively). In contrast, in acquired PHV obstruction free of thrombosis (pannus), leaflet restriction detected by fluoroscopy was absent in some cases (17%) and mass detection by TEE was absent in the majority of cases (66%). In case of mass detection by TEE, predictors for obstructive thrombus masses (compared with pannus masses) were leaflet restriction, soft echo density, and increased mass length. In situations of inconclusive echocardiography, MDCT may correctly detect pannus/thrombus based on the morphological aspects and localization. CONCLUSION In acquired mechanical PHV obstruction without leaflet restriction and absent mass on TEE, obstructive PHV thrombosis cannot be confirmed and consequently, fibrinolysis is not advised. Based on the literature search and our opinion, a diagnostic algorithm is provided to correctly identify non-thrombotic PHV obstruction, which is highly relevant in daily clinical practice.
Gender differences in the processing of disgust- and fear-inducing pictures: an fMRI study

We examined whether males and females differ in the intensity and laterality of their hemodynamic responses towards visual disgust and fear stimuli. Forty-one female, and 51 male subjects viewed disgust-inducing, fear-inducing and neutral pictures in an fMRI block design. Self-report data indicated that the target emotions had been elicited successfully with women responding stronger than men. While viewing the fear pictures, which depicted attacks by humans or animals, men exhibited greater activation in the bilateral amygdala and the left fusiform gyrus than women. This response pattern may reflect greater attention from males to cues of aggression in their environment. Further, the lateralization of brain activation was comparable in the two genders during both aversive picture conditions.
Role of the California Undercurrent in the export of denitrified waters from the eastern tropical North Pacific

A transect off Point Sur, California (36°20'N), was occupied bimonthly from April 1988 to May 1990 to resolve spatial and temporal patterns in the physics and chemistry of the California Current system. Alongshore velocity fields and the chemical parameter N* [Gruber and Sarmiento, 1997] show coherence. Subarctic waters, conveyed by the California Current (CC), were characterized by high N* values, while in the region of poleward flow of the California Undercurrent (CU) a minimum of N* (N*< −5 μmol kg−1) was observed. Low N* is a signature of denitrification, and its possible sources are considered. The distribution of N* on isopycnal surfaces, using data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Hydrographic Programme, suggests that northward advection from the eastern tropical North Pacific by the CU is the primary source of low N*. Local benthic and water column denitrification rates cannot account for the observed values. From nitrate deficits and velocity fields an annual nitrate transport deficit off Point Sur of 4.6 Tg N yr−1 was estimated for the study period. Maximum offshore extent of the low N* signal was observed during the upwelling period, probably associated with an expansion of the CU and mixing due to mesoscale eddies detached from it. This mixing propagates the denitrification signal into the CC and the subtropical gyre. When the loss from the poleward flow due to horizontal mixing is calculated, an export out of the eastern tropical North Pacific of 8.3 Tg N yr−1 by the CU is estimated. The bulk of the denitrified waters off Point Sur were below 400 m and did not affect primary production in the central California upwelling ecosystem. However, the export of nitrate‐deficient waters into the subtropical gyre may play a role in the biogeochemical cycling of this region.