Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale relation analysis of power law distribution and correlation in the Chinese stock market

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reveal the multi‐scale relation between power law distribution and correlation of stock returns and to figure out the determinants underlying capital markets.Design/methodology/approach – The multi‐scale relation between power law distribution and correlation is investigated by comparing the original series with the special series. The eliminating intraday trend series approach developed by Liu et al. is utilized to analyze the effects of power law decay change on correlation properties, and shuffling series originated by Viswanathan et al. for the impacts of special type of correlation on power‐law distribution.Findings – It is found that the accelerating decay of power law has an insignificant effect on correlation properties of returns and the empirical results indicate that time scale may also be an important factor maintaining power law property of returns besides correlation. When time scale is under critical point, the effects of correlation are crucial, an.
Explicit Link Between Periodic Covariance Functions and State Space Models

This paper shows how periodic covariance functions in Gaussian process regression can be reformulated as state space models, which can be solved with classical Kalman ltering theory. This reduces the problematic cubic complexity of Gaussian process regression in the number of time steps into linear time complexity. The representation is based on expanding periodic covariance functions into a series of stochastic resonators. The explicit representation of the canonical periodic covariance function is written out and the expansion is shown to uniformly converge to the exact covariance function with a known convergence rate. The framework is generalized to quasi-periodic covariance functions by introducing damping terms in the system and applied to two sets of real data. The approach could be easily extended to nonstationary and spatio-temporal variants.
Snus use and other correlates of smoking cessation in the Swedish Twin Registry

Background We investigated 12 variables and their interactions as correlates of smoking cessation among regular smokers in the population-based Swedish Twin Registry (STR). Method Detailed information on tobacco use and personal characteristics were available from 14 715 male and female twins aged 42–64 years who participated in a screening of the population-based STR and reported being regular smokers in their lifetime. A two-stage analytic design was used to examine correlates of smoking cessation. The sample was split at random and significant main effects and interactions identified in the testing set were examined in the validation set. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) describe the association between correlates and smoking cessation. Results Twelve main effects were significantly associated with smoking cessation in the testing set; eight were confirmed in the validation set. Of the nine interactions identified in the testing set, none remained significant when evaluated in the validation set after Bonferroni correction. HRs were highest for Swedish oral smokeless tobacco (snus) use (HR 2.70, 95% CI 2.30–3.20), >11 years of education (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.43–1.73) and being married or cohabitating (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.39–1.63). Although not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction, snus use also appeared important in the context of interactions, where lower nicotine dependence score, higher socio-economic status (SES) and greater body size were associated with smoking cessation only among participants who never used snus. Conclusions Snus use was the strongest independent correlate of smoking cessation. Further studies should investigate the mechanism of this association.
22-32 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier Design in 22-nm CMOS-SOI Technology

This thesis explores the use of a 22-nm CMOS-SOI technology in the design of a twostage amplifier which targets wide bandwidth, low noise and modest linearity in the 28 GHz band. A design methodology with a transformer-coupled, noise-matching interstage is presented for minimizing the noise factor of the two-stage amplifier. Furthermore, benefits of interstage noise matching are discussed. Next, a transistor layout for minimizing noise and maintaining sufficient electromigration reliability is described. It is followed by an analysis of transformer configurations and a transformer layout example is depicted. To verify the design methodology, two amplifier prototypes with noise-matching interstage were fabricated. Measurement shows that the first design achieves a peak gain of 20.7 dB and better-than-10-dB input and output return losses within a frequency range of 22.5 to 32.2 GHz. The lowest noise figure of 1.81 dB is achieved within the frequency range. Input IP3 of -13.4 dBm is achieved with the cost of 17.3 mW DC power consumption. When the bias at the back-gate is lowered from 2 V to 0.62 V, the power consumption is decreased to 5.6 mW and the peak gain drops down to 17.9 dB. Minimum noise figure increases from 1.81 to 2.13 dB and input IP3 drops to -14.4 dBm. The folded output stage in the second design improves the input IP3 to -6.7 dBm at the cost of 35 mW total power consumption. The peak gain of the second design is 20.1 dB, and the lowest noise figure of 1.73 dB within a frequency range of 23.8 to 32.4 GHz. Both designs occupy about 0.05 mm active area.
Two-component outer ring and the Galactic spiral structure

Model of the Galaxy with the ring R1R2' can explain some large-scale morphological features of the Galactic spiral structure. The Carina-Sagittarius arm can consist of two ascending segments of the outer rings R1 and R2 which almost touch each other near the Carina region. The Perseus and Crux arms can be partially identified with the descending segments of the ring R2. Model of the two-component outer ring can also explain the existence of some maxima in diagrams (l, VLSR) which are supposed to correspond to the directions tangential to the spiral arms. On the basis of numerical simulations we propose two sketches of the ring structure of the Galaxy which include the bar, two outer rings, the inner ring, and the nuclear gas condensation, that may be a nuclear ring. Both sketches can explain the position of the Carina-Sagittarius arm with respect to the Sun.
The health services research workforce: current stock.

OBJECTIVE To examine the size and characteristics of the health services research (HSR) workforce; the job satisfaction, job security, and future plans reported by the workforce; and the future of the HSR workforce supply. DATA SOURCES (1) AcademyHealth active and lapsed members since 2000 and annual research meeting presenters and interest group participants; (2) principal investigators of research projects listed in the HSRProj database; and (3) authors of articles published in two HSR journals. STUDY DESIGN Data on investigators conducting HSR in selected venues were collected and compared in order to identify the percentage of the HSR workforce represented in the "core" versus related disciplines and to investigate the extent to which the "core" researchers publish, present, or participate in disciplinary venues. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The field appears to have grown dramatically since 1995, from an estimated 5,000 health services researchers to an estimated 11,596 in 2007. This is a broad workforce characterized by various levels of involvement in the field. Some researchers self-identify with the field of HSR, while others are associated primarily with venues related to specific disciplines. Many researchers who identify with HSR also publish in venues related to multiple other disciplines. CONCLUSIONS The field may face future challenges related to demographic change, such as an aging workforce and an increased need for diversity. International collaboration appears common, and in the future the field may need to be defined internationally rather than nationally. At the same time, there are also many indications that HSR is a good field to work in. Health services researchers reported high levels of satisfaction with their profession and current employer, as well as little desire to change jobs and little concern about job security.
An analysis of the geometry of saccular intracranial aneurysms.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our goal was to characterize the geometry of simple-lobed cerebral aneurysms and to find the absolute size of these lesions from angiographic tracings. METHODS Measurements of angiographic neck width (N), dome height (H), dome diameter (D), and semi-axis height (S) were obtained from tracings of 87 simple-lobed lesions located at the basilar bifurcation (BB), middle cerebral (MCA), anterior communicating (AcomA), posterior communicating (PcomA), superior cerebellar (SCA), and posterior cerebral (PCA) arteries. The following ratios were analyzed as subgroups according to location and as a collective sample: dome diameter/dome height (D/H), dome height/neck width (H/N), dome diameter/neck width (D/N), and dome height/semi-axis height (H/S). Using the parent artery as a reference, aneurysm dimensions were normalized to absolute in vivo size. Estimations were validated using angiographic markers. RESULTS For the entire sample, mean ratios were D/H = 1.11, D/N = 1.91, and H/N = 1.86. For the H/S ratio, the value was 1.98 for BB, MCA, and PcomA lesions and significantly smaller for the AcomA subgroup, at 1.52. The average sizes (in mm) for these dimensions were N = 3.4 for MCA, 3.0 for AcomA, 3.1 for PcomA, and 6.5 for BB; D = 6.1 for MCA, 5.9 for AcomA, 5.3 for PcomA, and 11.7 for BB; H = 5.6 for MCA, 5.0 for AcomA, 5.3 for PcomA, and 11.3 for BB. On average, BB aneurysms were twice as large as aneurysms at other locations. Good correlations were found between the scaled values for D and N, H and N, and H and D. CONCLUSION These results have been used to characterize the typical simple-lobed aneurysm geometry and to provide a framework for the development of a method of assessment of treatment choice and outcome on the basis of lesion geometry.
Metaphoric Car Drawings By a 12-Year-Old Congenitally Blind Girl

A 12-year-old congenitally-blind girl drew a car moving, stationary, and braking. For stationary, she put the wheels inside the car and, for braking, drew the wheels as rough rectangles. At the age verbal metaphor is understood (Winner, 1988), the girl invented metaphoric drawings. In these, what is shown is not what is meant. In late childhood, metaphor may be understood similarly in pictures and words and by the sighted and blind.
Ventilation of the Deep Southern Ocean and Deglacial CO2 Rise

Telling Up from Down It is generally believed that carbon dioxide accumulates in the deep ocean during cold periods and that it is released rapidly and in huge quantities during deglaciation, but evidence of deep ocean carbon dioxide storage has been elusive. Now Skinner et al. (p. 1147; see the Perspective by Anderson and Carr) present radiocarbon data from the Southern Ocean that indicate that the deep water circulating around Antarctica was about twice as old relative to the atmosphere as it is today, a condition considered indicative of carbon dioxide accumulation and storage. Radiocarbon analyses show that old, deep water existed around Antarctica at the end of the last glacial period. Past glacial-interglacial increases in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are thought to arise from the rapid release of CO2 sequestered in the deep sea, primarily via the Southern Ocean. Here, we present radiocarbon evidence from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean that strongly supports this hypothesis. We show that during the last glacial period, deep water circulating around Antarctica was more than two times older than today relative to the atmosphere. During deglaciation, the dissipation of this old and presumably CO2-enriched deep water played an important role in the pulsed rise of atmospheric CO2 through its variable influence on the upwelling branch of the Antarctic overturning circulation.
High Spatial Resolution, Respiratory-Gated, T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Liver and the Biliary Tract During the Hepatobiliary Phase of Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical feasibility of a recently developed navigator-gated, 3-dimensional gradient echo (3D-GRE) sequence for high-resolution, T1-weighted imaging (HR-T1WI) during the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of gadoxetic acid–enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods Eighty-seven consecutive patients who underwent gadoxetic acid–enhanced liver MRI were included in this study. To obtain HR-T1WI (acquired resolution, 1 × 1 × 2 mm), a gated 3D-GRE sequence (gated volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination [VIBE]; Siemens) with fat suppression was performed during the HBP and was then compared with standard breath-hold (BH)–GRE sequence (BH-VIBE). For the respiration gating, the phase ordering using the automatic window selection technique was used. Three readers independently scored the artifacts and the imaging quality (IQ) of both image sets and also classified BH-VIBE images into acceptable or unacceptable IQ. Noise and signal-noise ratio of the BH-VIBE and gated-VIBE sequences were compared, and image quality improvement using gated VIBE compared with BH-VIBE was determined when BH-VIBE shows unacceptable IQ. Results The gated-VIBE sequence successfully provided HR-T1WI, having diagnosable image quality in all patients except 4 patients in 1 reader (95.4%, 83/87). The gated-VIBE sequence showed relatively higher levels of noise (mean [SD], 6.04 [3.18] vs 3.57 [0.66]) but similar signal-noise ratio (93.60 [39.47] vs 100.05 [28.94]) compared with BH-VIBE (P = 0.15). In the qualitative analysis, the gated 3D-GRE sequence showed higher scores for depicting focal liver lesions and the sharpness of the hepatic edges (P < 0.0001) but lower subjective overall IQ than did the BH-VIBE (P < 0.01). However, in the patients showing unacceptable BH-VIBE image quality, the degree of improvement of the IQ using the gated-VIBE technique was significantly higher than that seen in the patients showing acceptable BH-VIBE image quality (P < 0.01). Conclusions T1-weighted gated-VIBE showed technical feasibility for HR-T1WI during HBP imaging of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI.
Comparison of Liver Cell Models Using the Basel Phenotyping Cocktail

Currently used hepatocyte cell systems for in vitro assessment of drug metabolism include hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocyte (PHH) cultures. We investigated the suitability of the validated in vivo Basel phenotyping cocktail (caffeine [CYP1A2], efavirenz [CYP2B6], losartan [CYP2C9], omeprazole [CYP2C19], metoprolol [CYP2D6], midazolam [CYP3A4]) in vitro and characterized four hepatocyte cell systems (HepG2 cells, HepaRG cells, and primary cryopreserved human hepatocytes in 2-dimensional [2D] culture or in 3D-spheroid co-culture) regarding basal metabolism and CYP inducibility. Under non-induced conditions, all CYP activities could be determined in 3D-PHH, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 in 2D-PHH and HepaRG, and CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in HepG2 cells. The highest non-induced CYP activities were observed in 3D-PHH and HepaRG cells. mRNA expression was at least four-fold higher for all CYPs in 3D-PHH compared to the other cell systems. After treatment with 20 μM rifampicin, mRNA increased 3- to 50-fold for all CYPs except CYP1A2 and 2D6 for HepaRG and 3D-PHH, 4-fold (CYP2B6) and 17-fold (CYP3A4) for 2D-PHH and four-fold (CYP3A4) for HepG2. In 3D-PHH at least a two-fold increase in CYP activity was observed for all inducible CYP isoforms while CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 activity did not increase in 2D-PHH and HepaRG. CYP inducibility assessed in vivo using the same phenotyping probes was also best reflected by the 3D-PHH model. Our studies show that 3D-PHH and (with some limitations) HepaRG are suitable cell systems for assessing drug metabolism and CYP induction in vitro. HepG2 cells are less suited to assess CYP induction of the 2C and 3A family. The Basel phenotyping cocktail is suitable for the assessment of CYP activity and induction also in vitro.
Efficient Incremental Evaluation of Queries with Aggregation

We present a technique for eeciently evaluating queries on programs with mono-tonic aggregation, a class of programs deened by Ross and Sagiv. Our technique consists of the following components: incremental computation of aggregate functions , incremental xpoint evaluation of monotonic programs and Magic Sets transformation of monotonic programs. We also present a formalization of the notion of incremental computation of aggregate functions on a multiset, and upper and lower bounds for incremental computation of a variety of aggregate functions. We describe a proof-theoretic reformulation of the monotonic semantics in terms of computations, following the approach of Beeri et al.; this reformulation greatly simpliies the task of proving the correctness of our optimizations.
Assessing body composition by bioelectric impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in physically active normal and overweight Indian males -

Background: To improve body composition measurement methods for physically active healthy individuals, validation with of bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) with using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on basis of variation in body mass index (BMI) and physical activity are executed. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the single-frequency BIA with the more exact dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) so that a cost-effective instrument can be used for the research studies as well as by the general population. Materials and Methods: Thirty physically active male individuals were stratified on the basis of BMI as normal weight and overweight and also on the basis of the physical activity as low physical activity and high physical activity groups. The total body composition was analyzed using single-frequency BIA and by pencil-beam DXA scanner. Results: Fat-free mass (FFM) was significantly overestimated in whole sample as well as when the population was classified according to BMI and physical activity. Bland Altman’s analysis stated agreement for fat mass (FM) with −0.06 kg proportional bias and −7.9 to +7.8 limits of agreement and for FM percentage (FM %) with −1.01% proportional bias and −11.1 to 8.9 limits of agreement while poor agreement was shown with FFM. BIA gives statistically similar values for FM and FM% in overall population in comparison to DXA. Conclusion: BIA can be preferred over DXA while conducting FM-based analysis on large populations.
Identification of immunogenic cell wall‐associated proteins of Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a porcine and human pathogen with adhesive and invasive properties. The absence of suitable vaccine or virulent marker can be the bottleneck to control SS2 infection. An immunoproteome‐based approach was developed to identify candidate antigens of SS2 for vaccine development. Hyperimmune sera, convalescent sera, and control sera were analyzed for reactivity by Western Blot against SS2 cell wall‐associated proteins (WAPs) separated by 2‐DE. A total of 34 proteins were identified by immunoproteomic analysis, of which 15 were recognized by both hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera, including most WAPs currently characterized as SS2 vaccine candidate antigens: muramidase‐released protein (MRP), surface protein SP1 (Sao), and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GapdH). The novel immunogenic proteins may be developed as alternative antigens for further study of SS2 vaccine and diagnostics.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy for heroin and cocaine use: Ecological momentary assessment of homework simplification and compliance.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of homework-task difficulty and electronic-diary reminders on written homework completion during cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for addiction. Completion of homework is an important element in CBT that may affect outcome. DESIGN All participants received all combinations of our two interventions in a factorial 2 × 2 counterbalanced Latin-square design. METHODS Methadone-maintained cocaine and heroin users were given homework between each of 12 weekly CBT sessions and carried electronic diaries that collected ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data on craving and exposure to drug-use triggers in four 3-week blocks assessing two levels of homework difficulty and prompted and unprompted homework. RESULTS Neither simplified (picture-based) homework nor electronic reminders increased homework completion. In EMA reports, standard but not simplified homework seemed to buffer the craving that followed environmental exposure to drug cues. EMA recordings before and after the CBT intervention confirmed a decrease over time in craving for cocaine and heroin. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the utility of EMA to assess treatment effects. However, the hypothesis that simplified homework would increase compliance was not supported. PRACTITIONER POINTS Our simplifications of homework assignments for cognitive-behavioural therapy were mostly ineffective, or even counterproductive, perhaps because they did not engage sufficient depth of processing or because they were perceived as too simplistic. Our reminder beeps for homework were mostly ineffective, or even counterproductive, suggesting that mobile electronic interventions for substance-use disorders may need to be more interactive.
Effectiveness and tolerability of long-acting risperidone: A 9-month open-label extension of a 12-week switching study from oral antipsychotics

Objectives. The aim of this non-randomized, single-arm, multi-center, 9-month extension study was to evaluate the maintained efficacy and tolerability of long-acting risperidone injection when we switched to it from previous oral antipsychotics in symptomatically stable patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Methods. A total of 98 patients who had completed a previous 12-week acute phase study were included. Efficacy and tolerability were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS). Results. The remission rate of 77.6% (76/98) at baseline and 57.1% (56/98) at the end of the study. Of patients who were in remission at baseline, 65.8% (50/76) maintained their remission state until the end. The symptom worsening rate was relatively low (11.1%), and there was no aggravation in mean PANSS total and subscale scores. Spontaneous treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were reported by 21 (21.4%) patients, and most commonly reported adverse events were extrapyramidal symptoms (N=6, 6.1%) and insomnia (N=4, 4.1%). Extrapyramidal symptoms were significantly improved. Conclusions. Switching to long-acting risperidone injection from oral antipsychotics was a safe and well-tolerated strategy for maintaining clinical stability in symptomatically stable patients with schizophrenia.