Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Temporal Analysis of Body Sway during Reciprocator Motion Movie Viewing].

OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effect of stereoscopic viewing and the degree of awareness of motion sickness on posture by measuring body sway during motion movie viewing. METHODS Nineteen students (12 men and 7 women; age range, 21-24 years) participated in this study. The movie, which showed several balls randomly positioned, was projected on a white wall 2 m in front of the subjects through a two-dimensional (2-D)/three-dimensional (3-D) convertible projector. To measure body sway during movie viewing, the subjects stood statically erect on a Wii balance board, with the toe opening at 18 degrees. The study protocol was as follows: The subjects watched (1) a nonmoving movie for 1 minute as the pretest and then (2) a round-trip sinusoidally moving-in-depth-direction movie for 3 minutes. (3) The initial static movie was shown again for 1 minute. Steps (2) and (3) were treated as one trial, after which two trials (2-D and 3-D movies) were performed in a random sequence. RESULTS In this study, we found that posture changed according to the motion in the movie and that the longer the viewing time, the higher the synchronization accuracy. These tendencies depended on the level of awareness of motion sickness or the 3-D movie viewed. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of postural change in movie viewing was not vection but self-defense to resolve sensory conflict between visual information (spatial swing) and equilibrium sense (motionlessness).
Protective role of PARK2/Parkin in sepsis-induced cardiac contractile and mitochondrial dysfunction

Mitochondrial quality control plays a vital role in the maintenance of optimal mitochondrial function. However, its roles and regulation remain ill-defined in cardiac pathophysiology. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PARK2/Parkin, an E3-ligase recently described as being involved in the regulation of cardiac mitophagy, is important for (1) the maintenance of normal cardiac mitochondrial function; and (2) adequate recovery from sepsis, a condition known to induce reversible mitochondrial injury through poorly understood mechanisms. Investigations of mitochondrial and cardiac function were thus performed in wild-type and Park2-deficient mice at baseline and at 2 different times following administration of a sublethal dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS injection induced cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunctions that were followed by complete recovery in wild-type mice. Recovery was associated with morphological and biochemical evidence of mitophagy, suggesting that this process is implicated in cardiac recovery from sepsis. Under baseline conditions, multiple cardiac mitochondrial dysfunctions were observed in Park2-deficient mice. These mild dysfunctions did not result in a visibly distinct cardiac phenotype. Importantly, Park2-deficient mice exhibited impaired recovery of cardiac contractility and constant degradation of mitochondrial metabolic functions. Interestingly, autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria was still possible in the absence of PARK2 likely through compensatory mechanisms implicating PARK2-independent mitophagy and upregulation of macroautophagy. Together, these results thus provide evidence that in vivo, mitochondrial autophagy is activated during sepsis, and that compensation for a lack of PARK2 is only partial and/or that PARK2 exerts additional protective roles in mitochondria.
Influence of the indium incorporation on the structural and electrical properties of zinc oxide films

Undoped and indium-doped ZnO films have been deposited onto glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis method. The effect of indium incorporation on structural and electrical properties of ZnO films has been investigated. Zinc acetate dihydrate, indium chloride were used as a starting material and a dopant source, respectively. X-ray diffraction pattern of the films showed hexagonal wurtzite type polycrystalline structure. The results show that indium incorporation leads to substantial changes in the structural characteristics of ZnO films. The grain size was found to be in the range 15-50 nm, depending on indium content. In addition, the surface morphology features of the films, as a function of the indium content, are shown. For all the films, a linear dependence typical of ohmic behavior was observed. The electrical conductivity of ZnO films was improved by indium incorporation. The most important changes were observed for 1 at. % In-doped ZnO film which exhibit a resistivity of 3.2x10 -1 Ωcm. At certain constant voltage, from Arrhenius plots of In-doped ZnO films, activation energy values
JACKDAW controls epidermal patterning in the Arabidopsis root meristem through a non-cell-autonomous mechanism

In Arabidopsis, specification of the hair and non-hair epidermal cell types is position dependent, in that hair cells arise over clefts in the underlying cortical cell layer. Epidermal patterning is determined by a network of transcriptional regulators that respond to an as yet unknown cue from underlying tissues. Previously, we showed that JACKDAW (JKD), a zinc finger protein, localizes in the quiescent centre and the ground tissue, and regulates tissue boundaries and asymmetric cell division by delimiting SHORT-ROOT movement. Here, we provide evidence that JKD controls position-dependent signals that regulate epidermal-cell-type patterning. JKD is required for appropriately patterned expression of the epidermal cell fate regulators GLABRA2, CAPRICE and WEREWOLF. Genetic interaction studies indicate that JKD operates upstream of the epidermal patterning network in a SCRAMBLED (SCM)-dependent fashion after embryogenesis, but acts independent of SCM in embryogenesis. Tissue-specific induction experiments indicate non-cell-autonomous action of JKD from the underlying cortex cell layer to specify epidermal cell fate. Our findings are consistent with a model where JKD induces a signal in every cortex cell that is more abundant in the hair cell position owing to the larger surface contact of cells located over a cleft.
Export-led Growth, Real Exchange Rates and the Fallacy of Composition

Comprising specially commissioned essays, the Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of alternative theories of economic growth. It surveys major sub-fields (including classical, Kaleckian, evolutionary, and Kaldorian growth theories) and highlights cutting-edge issues such as the relationship between finance and growth, the interplay of trend and cycle, and the role of aggregate demand in the long run.
A significant role for Sigma B in the detergent stress response of Listeria monocytogenes

Aims: To investigate the contribution of the alternative sigma factor Sigma B to detergent stress in Listeria monocytogenes upon exposure to the surface‐active agents, benzalkoniumchloride (BC), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and sodium docecyl sulfate (SDS).
Genetic Diversity in Citrus

The genus Citrus L. belongs to the subtribe Citrineae, the tribe Citreae within the subfamily Aurantioideae of the Rutaceae family (Webber, 1967). The Aurantioideae is one of seven subfamilies of Rutaceae which consists of two tribes and 33 genera. Each of tribes Clauseneae and Citreae is composed of three subtribes. Clauseneae includes Micromelinae, Clauseninae and Merrillinae, and Citreae has Triphasiinae, Citrinae and Balsamocitrinae. The Citrinae is distinct from all the other subtribes in the subfamily by having pulp vesicles in the fruit. This subtribe contains three groups; primitive citrus fruit, near citrus fruit, and true citrus fruit trees. True citrus fruits have six genera: Clymenia, Eremocitrus, Microcitrus, Poncirus, Fortunella and Citrus (Swingle & Reece, 1967).
Real time groupware as a distributed system: concurrency control and its effect on the interface

This paper exposes the concurrency control problem in groupware when it is implemented as a distributed system. Traditional concurrency control methods cannot be applied directly to groupware because system interactions include people as well as computers. Methods, such as locking, serialization, and their degree of optimism, are shown to have quite different impacts on the interface and how operations are displayed and perceived by group members. The paper considers both human and technical considerations that designers should ponder before choosing a particular concurrency control method. It also reviews our work-in-progress designing and implementing a library of concurrency schemes in GROUPKIT, a groupware toolkit.
Another look at sensitivity of Bayesian networks to imprecise probabilities

Empirical study of sensitivity analysis on a Bayesian network examines the effects of varying the network’s probability parameters on the posterior probabilities of the true hypothesis. One appealing approach to modeling the uncertainty of the probability parameters is to add normal noise to the log-odds of the nominal probabilities. However, the paper argues that differences in sensitivities found on true hypothesis may only be valid in the range of standard deviations where the log-odds normal distribution is unimodal. The paper also shows that using average posterior probabilities as criterion to measure the sensitivity may not be the most indicative, especially when the distribution is very asymmetric as is the case at nominal values close to zero or one. It is proposed, instead, to use the partial ordering of the most probable causes of diagnosis, measured by a suitable lower confidence bound. The paper also presents the preliminary results of our sensitivity analysis experiments with three Bayesian networks built for diagnosis of airplane systems. Our results show that some networks are more sensitive to imprecision in probabilities than previously believed.
Intraoperative Radiotherapy in the Management of Locally Recurrent Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Purpose. To investigate the efficacy and morbidity of limb-sparing surgery with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for patients with locally recurrent extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS). Methods and Materials. Twenty-six consecutively treated patients were identified in a single institution retrospective analysis of patients with locally recurrent ESTS treated with IORT following salvage limb-sparing resection from May 2000 to July 2011. Fifteen (58%) patients received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) prior to recurrence (median dose 63 Gy), while 11 (42%) patients received EBRT following IORT (median dose 52 Gy). The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to estimate disease control and survival and subsets were compared using a log rank statistic, Cox's regression model was used to determine independent predictors of disease outcome, and toxicity was reported according to CTCAE v4.0 guidelines. Results. With a median duration of follow-up from surgery and IORT of 34.9 months (range: 4 to 139 mos.), 10 patients developed a local recurrence with 4 subsequently undergoing amputation. The 5-year estimate for local control (LC) was 58% (95% CI: 36–75%), for amputation-free was 81% (95% CI: 57–93%), for metastasis-free control (MFC) was 56% (95% CI: 31–75%), for disease-free survival (DFS) was 35% (95% CI: 17–54%), and for overall survival (OS) was 50% (95% CI: 24–71%). Prior EBRT did not appear to influence disease control (LC, p = 0.74; MFC, p = 0.66) or survival (DFS, p = 0.16; OS, p = 0.58). Grade 3 or higher acute and late toxicities were reported for 6 (23%) and 8 (31%) patients, respectively. The frequency of both acute and late grade 3 or higher toxicities occurred equally between patients who received EBRT prior to or after IORT. Conclusions. IORT in combination with oncologic resection of recurrent ESTS yields good rates of local control and limb-salvage with acceptable morbidity. Within the limitations of small subsets, these data suggest that prior EBRT does not significantly influence disease control or toxicity.
Peer Interaction and Learning in Compositionally Diverse Residence Halls

This collective case study investigated how peer interactions occurred in two racially and ethnically diverse, first year residential communities at a mid sized public research university. For each case, minority students from two or more racial or ethnic identities composed at least 40% of the floor's population. The study provides descriptions of diverse peer interactions and subsequent learning outcomes as described by residents. Characteristics and conditions which support or impede diverse peer interactions and impact learning are suggested. Anxious to make friends and seeking support to reach academic goals, first year students developed relationships with other residents in close proximity to them regardless of perceived differences before later branching out to form relationships outside of the floor. The strategies residents used to interact with diverse peers and included: 1) participating in neutral activities, 2) finding similarities, and 3) joking. By observing the living environments and actions of diverse others and by participating in neutral activity residents discovered hidden similarities. Residents in these diverse environments avoided serious conversations about race and ethnicity instead navigating diverse peer relationships by joking about differences. Prior diversity experiences, heightened emotions and desire for friends influenced students' initial comfort with diverse peer interaction, but over time students with and without prior diversity experience engaged in diverse peer interaction due to diverse composition of floor and expectations of sustained contact. By living in close or intimate quarters with others different from themselves, residents encountered simple cultural differences. Observations of similarities and simple differences stimulated questions and conversations. Curiosity, proximity and increased comfort allowed students to encounter new values and beliefs creating both confusion and excitement. Diverse peer observations and interactions facilitated a variety of desirable learning outcomes including increased openness to diversity, willingness to consider new ideas, reduction of prejudice and stereotyping, increased perspective taking, better listening and communication skills and an increased willingness to compromise and act with polite consideration of others. Interacting with diverse peers in a compositionally diverse residence community provided the challenges necessary to prompt new ways of seeing the world.
Constant-Wall-Temperature Nusselt Number in Micro and Nano-Channels 1

We investigate the constant-wall-temperature convective heat-transfer characteristic model gaseous flow in two-dimensional micro and nano-channels under hydrodynam and thermally fully developed conditions. Our investigation covers both the slipregime 0<Kn<0.1, and most of the transition regime 0.1 ,Kn<10, where Kn, the Knudsen number, is defined as the ratio between the molecular mean free path and the c height. We use slip-flow theory in the presence of axial heat conduction to calculat Nusselt number in the range 0 <Kn<0.2, and a stochastic molecular simulation techniq known as the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) to calculate the Nusselt numb the range 0.02 ,Kn,2. Inclusion of the effects of axial heat conduction in the continu model is necessary since small-scale internal flows are typically characterized by Peclet numbers. Our results show that the slip-flow prediction is in good agreement the DSMC results for Kn <0.1, but also remains a good approximation beyond its pected range of applicability. We also show that the Nusselt number decreases mon cally with increasing Knudsen number in the fully accommodating case, both in slip-flow and transition regimes. In the slip-flow regime, axial heat conduction is foun increase the Nusselt number; this effect is largest at Kn 50 and is of the order of 10 percent. Qualitatively similar results are obtained for slip-flow heat transfer in circu tubes. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1447931 #
Cardioselective beta-blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND Beta-blocker therapy has a proven mortality benefit in patients with hypertension, heart failure and coronary artery disease, as well as during the perioperative period. These drugs have traditionally been considered contraindicated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of cardioselective beta-blockers on respiratory function of patients with COPD. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive search of EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL was performed using the Cochrane Airways Group registry to identify randomised blinded controlled trials from 1966 to May 2001. The search was completed using the terms: asthma*, bronchial hyperreactivity*, respiratory sounds*, wheez*, obstructive lung disease* or obstructive airway disease*, and adrenergic antagonist*, sympatholytic* or adrenergic receptor block*. We did not exclude trials on the basis of language. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised, blinded, controlled trials of single dose or longer duration that studied the effects of cardioselective beta-blockers on the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or symptoms in patients with COPD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two independent reviewers extracted data from the selected articles, reconciling differences by consensus. Two interventions studied were the administration of beta-blocker, given either as a single dose or for longer duration, and the use of beta2-agonist given after the study drug. MAIN RESULTS Eleven studies of single-dose treatment and 8 of treatment for longer duration, ranging from 2 days to 12 weeks, met selection criteria. Cardioselective beta-blockers produced no statistically significant change in FEV1 or respiratory symptoms compared to placebo, given as a single dose (Weighted Mean Difference -2.05% [95% Confidence interval, -6.05 to 1.96%]) or for longer duration (WMD -2.55% [95% CI, -5.94 to 0.84]), and did not significantly affect the FEV1 treatment response to beta2-agonists. Exacerbations and hospitalizations were recorded in all trials, but none occurred during the periods of study, in either group. A subgroup analysis revealed no significant change in results for those participants with severe chronic airways obstruction or for those with a reversible obstructive component. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The available evidence suggests that cardioselective beta-blockers, given to patients with COPD do not produce a significant short-term reduction in airway function or in the incidence of COPD exacerbations. However, the trials were small and of short duration. Given their demonstrated benefit in conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease and hypertension, cardioselective beta-blockers should be considered for patients with COPD, but administered with careful monitoring since data concerning long term administration and their effects during exacerbations are not available.
Functional activation of lymphocyte CD44 in peripheral blood is a marker of autoimmune disease activity.

Interactions between complementary receptors on leukocytes and endothelial cells play a central role in regulating extravasation from the blood and thereby affect both normal and pathologic inflammatory responses. CD44 on lymphocytes that has been "activated" to bind its principal ligand hyaluronate (HA) on endothelium can mediate the primary adhesion (rolling) of lymphocytes to vascular endothelial cells under conditions of physiologic shear stress, and this interaction is used for activated T cell extravasation into an inflamed site in vivo in mice (DeGrendele, H.C., P. Estess, L.J. Picker, and M.H. Siegelman. 1996. J. Exp. Med. 183:1119-1130. DeGrendele, H.D., P. Estess, and M.H. Siegelman. 1997. Science. 278:672-675. DeGrendele, H.C., P. Estess, and M.H. Siegelman. 1997. J. Immunol. 159: 2549-2553). Here, we have investigated the role of lymphocyte-borne-activated CD44 in the human and show that CD44-dependent primary adhesion is induced in human peripheral blood T cells through T cell receptor triggering. In addition, lymphocytes capable of CD44/HA-dependent rolling interactions can be found resident within inflamed tonsils. In analysis of peripheral bloods of patients from a pediatric rheumatology clinic, examining systemic lupus erythematosus, and a group of chronic arthropathies, expression of CD44-dependent primary adhesion strongly correlates with concurrent symptomatic disease, with 85% of samples from clinically active patients showing elevated levels of rolling activity (compared with only 4% of inactive patients). These rolling interactions are predominantly mediated by T cells. The results suggest that circulating T lymphocytes bearing activated CD44 are elevated under conditions of chronic inflammation and that these may represent a pathogenically important subpopulation of activated circulating cells that may provide a reliable marker for autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease activity.
Release of arsenic to deep groundwater in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, linked to pumping-induced land subsidence

Deep aquifers in South and Southeast Asia are increasingly exploited as presumed sources of pathogen- and arsenic-free water, although little is known of the processes that may compromise their long-term viability. We analyze a large area (>1,000 km2) of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, in which arsenic is found pervasively in deep, Pliocene–Miocene-age aquifers, where nearly 900 wells at depths of 200–500 m are contaminated. There, intensive groundwater extraction is causing land subsidence of up to 3 cm/y as measured using satellite-based radar images from 2007 to 2010 and consistent with transient 3D aquifer simulations showing similar subsidence rates and total subsidence of up to 27 cm since 1988. We propose a previously unrecognized mechanism in which deep groundwater extraction is causing interbedded clays to compact and expel water containing dissolved arsenic or arsenic-mobilizing solutes (e.g., dissolved organic carbon and competing ions) to deep aquifers over decades. The implication for the broader Mekong Delta region, and potentially others like it across Asia, is that deep, untreated groundwater will not necessarily remain a safe source of drinking water.
Quantifying Chinese Happiness via Large-Scale Microblogging Data

Happiness is an important indicator to measure our life satisfaction. Microblogging data can reflect users' living standards and psychological state. We build a large lexicon based on the PERMA lexicon and large-scale microblogging data on Sina Weibo by combining the PMI and distrabutional similarty method. Using this lexicon, we propose a method to calculate the happiness quantitatively based on PERMA theory. Experiments shows that our method achieve significant improvement compared with the baseline in terms of AP and Bpref respectively. After the verification of our method on manual annotation dataset, we perform an in-depth analysis on large-scale microblogging data using our method.
Performance analysis of heterogeneous networks based on SINR selection strategy

New integrated wireless and mobile networks are emerging to offer a wide range of services through heterogeneous networks anywhere at any time. The promotion towards these networks requires a user-centric approach which could enable users to control their terminal behavior in an efficient way. Each mobile terminal equipped with heterogeneous interfaces can access different network technologies and perform the corresponding services. In this paper, we consider a network selection strategy based on the estimated Signal to Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) value in an integrated heterogeneous network. Based on the Markov model, we describe the state of the heterogeneous system at any time, taking into account the quality of service (QoS) requirements of all users communicating in the heterogeneous networks. Then we analyze the system performance in terms of the blocking probabilities and connection quality of calls. Moreover, resource blocks allocation for services with different QoS requirements is also analyzed in this paper.