Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of periodontal ligament-specific markers and osteogenic differentiation in human papilloma virus 16-immortalized human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts are important in the remodeling of periodontal tissue, but human papilloma virus (HPV)16-immortalized cell lines derived from human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts has not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to establish and differentially characterize the immortalized cell lines from gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament by HPV16 transfection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell growth, cell cycle analysis, western blot for cell cycle regulatory proteins and osteogenic differentiation markers, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for periodontal ligament-specific markers were performed. RESULTS Both immortalized cell lines (immortalized gingival fibroblasts and immortalized periodontal ligament cells) grew faster than primary cultured gingival fibroblasts or periodontal ligament cells. Immortalized gingival fibroblasts and immortalized periodontal ligament cells overexpressed proteins p16 and p21, and exhibited degradation of proteins pRb and p53, which normally cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M-phase. Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for periodontal ligament-specific and osteogenic differentiation marker studies demonstrated that a cell line, designated IPDL, mimicked periodontal ligament gene expression for alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, bone morphogenic protein-2, periostin, S-100A4 and PDLs17. CONCLUSION These results indicate that IPDL and immortalized gingival fibroblast cell lines consistently retain normal periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblast phenotypes, respectively, and periodontal ligament markers and osteogenic differentiation in IPDL are distinct from immortalized gingival fibroblast cells.
Teaching WordNet to Sing like an Angel and Cry like a Baby : Learning Affective Stereotypical Behaviors from the Web

Just as words have the potential to mean different things in different contexts, so too can their affective intent vary from one context to another. Thus, in some contexts one might feel complimented to be described as cunning, but feel aggrieved and insulted to be so described in another. As concepts become more complex and multifaceted, and accrete more layers of stereotypical associations, their ability to assume different affective profiles in different contexts also increases. Complimentary uses of the stereotype baby, for instance, will emphasize the positive behaviors of babies, while insulting uses have many negative behaviors to draw upon and accentuate. In this paper we propose a two-level organization for the affective lexicon, one that can work well with different WordNets. At the first level, stereotype-denoting terms are associated with a rich and nuanced description of their potential behaviors; at the second level, these behaviors are mapped to their affect profiles. This current paper focuses primarily on the first level.
A Markov Logic Approach to Bio-Molecular Event Extraction

In this paper we describe our entry to the BioNLP 2009 Shared Task regarding biomolecular event extraction. Our work can be described by three design decisions: (1) instead of building a pipeline using local classifier technology, we design and learn a joint probabilistic model over events in a sentence; (2) instead of developing specific inference and learning algorithms for our joint model, we apply Markov Logic, a general purpose Statistical Relation Learning language, for this task; (3) we represent events as relational structures over the tokens of a sentence, as opposed to structures that explicitly mention abstract event entities. Our results are competitive: we achieve the 4th best scores for task 1 (in close range to the 3rd place) and the best results for task 2 with a 13 percent point margin.
The Relationship between Urban Forests and Income: A Meta-Analysis

Urban trees provide substantial public health and public environmental benefits. However, scholarly works suggest that urban trees may be unequally distributed among poor and minority urban communities, meaning that these communities are potentially being deprived of public environmental benefits, a form of environmental injustice. The evidence of this problem is not uniform however, and evidence of inequity varies in size and significance across studies. This variation in results suggests the need for a research synthesis and meta-analysis. We employed a systematic literature search to identify original studies which examined the relationship between urban forest cover and income (n=61) and coded each effect size (n=332). We used meta-analytic techniques to estimate the average (unconditional) relationship between urban forest cover and income and to estimate the impact that methodological choices, measurement, publication characteristics, and study site characteristics had on the magnitude of that relationship. We leveraged variation in study methodology to evaluate the extent to which results were sensitive to methodological choices often debated in the geographic and environmental justice literature but not yet evaluated in environmental amenities research. We found evidence of income-based inequity in urban forest cover (unconditional mean effect size = 0.098; s.e. = .017) that was robust across most measurement and methodological strategies in original studies and results did not differ systematically with study site characteristics. Studies that controlled for spatial autocorrelation, a violation of independent errors, found evidence of substantially less urban forest inequity; future research in this area should test and correct for spatial autocorrelation.
Behavioral genetics in bacteria.

INTRODUCTION 397 CHEMOTACTIC BEHAVIOR OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 398 GENETICS OF STIMULUS TRANSDUCTION 399 Stimulus Detection 400 Signaling 401 Flagellar Response . 402 cheA. che W. che Y . 403 cheB. cheZ . 404 cheC 405 cheD 405 SENSORY ADAPTATION 405 Protein Methylations in Chemotaxis 405 Methylation Patterns in Generally Nonchemotactlc Mutants 407 INTERACTION OF TRANSDUCTION COMPONENTS 408 cheC:cheZ . 409 cheB:cheZ . 409 tar:tsr 409 A Model of Stimulus Transduction 410 Implications of the Model 411 CONCLUSIONS 411
Enterotoxicity and Cytotoxicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Thermostable Direct Hemolysin in In Vitro Systems

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium known to be a common cause of seafood gastroenteritis worldwide. The thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) has been proposed to be a major virulence factor of V. parahaemolyticus. TDH causes intestinal fluid secretion as well as cytotoxicity in a variety of cell types. In this study, we investigated the interplay between the hemolysin's enterotoxic and cytotoxic effects by using both human and rat cell monolayers. As revealed by microspectrofluorimetry, the toxin causes a dose-dependent increase in intracellular free calcium in both Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells. This effect was reversible only when low toxin concentrations were tested. The TDH-activated ion influx pathway is not selective for calcium but admits ions such sodium and manganese as well. Furthermore, in the same range of concentration, the hemolysin triggers a calcium-dependent chloride secretion. At high concentrations, TDH induces a dose-dependent but calcium-independent cell death as assessed by functional, biochemical, and morphological assays.
Photoplethysmography-Based Heart Rate Monitoring in Physical Activities via Joint Sparse Spectrum Reconstruction

Goal: A new method for heart rate monitoring using photoplethysmography (PPG) during physical activities is proposed. Methods: It jointly estimates the spectra of PPG signals and simultaneous acceleration signals, utilizing the multiple measurement vector model in sparse signal recovery. Due to a common sparsity constraint on spectral coefficients, the method can easily identify and remove the spectral peaks of motion artifact (MA) in the PPG spectra. Thus, it does not need any extra signal processing modular to remove MA as in some other algorithms. Furthermore, seeking spectral peaks associated with heart rate is simplified. Results : Experimental results on 12 PPG datasets sampled at 25 Hz and recorded during subjects' fast running showed that it had high performance. The average absolute estimation error was 1.28 beat/min and the standard deviation was 2.61 beat/min. Conclusion and Significance: These results show that the method has great potential to be used for PPG-based heart rate monitoring in wearable devices for fitness tracking and health monitoring.
Regeneration and adult stem cells in the human female reproductive tract

The human uterus is unique in that it exhibits a tremendous regenerative capacity that enables cyclical regeneration and remodeling throughout a woman’s reproductive life. This plasticity of the reproductive system has recently been highlighted. Regeneration and remodeling in the female reproductive tract alludes to the existence of endometrial and myometrial stem cell systems, which has been supported by increasing experimental evidence. Characterization of these stem cells, along with the study of the mechanisms controlling their regeneration, will improve the understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the female reproductive tract.
On space-stretch trade-offs: upper bounds

One of the fundamental trade-offs in compact routing schemes is between the space used to store the routing table on each node and the stretch factor of the routing scheme -- the maximum ratio over all pairs between the cost of the route induced by the scheme and the cost of a minimum cost path between the same pair. All previous routing schemes required storage that is dependent on the diameter of the network. We present a new scale-free routing scheme, whose storage and header sizes are independent of the aspect ratio of the network. Our scheme is based on a decomposition into sparse and dense neighborhoods. Given an undirected network with arbitrary weights and n arbitrary node names, for any integer k ≥ 1 we present the first scale-free routing scheme with asymptotically optimal space-stretch tradeoff that does not require edge weights to be polynomially bounded. The scheme uses Õ(n1/k) space routing table at each node, and routes along paths of asymptotically optimal linear stretch O(k).
Pathways of the early propagation of virulent and avirulent rabies strains from the eye to the brain

Penetration of the central nervous system of the adult rat by the CVS strain of rabies virus and its two avirulent derivatives Av01 and Av02 has been studied by inoculation of the virus into the anterior chamber of the eye. The primary sites of penetration of CVS were (i) the intraocular parasympathetic oculomotor fibers, (ii) the retinopetal fibers of pretectal origin, and (iii) the intraocular fibers of the ophthalmic nerve. The mutant strains, however, lost the capacity to invade the two former groups of fibers, although their penetration into the trigeminal system was not impaired. Neither strain CVS nor the mutants infected primarily the intraocular adrenergic terminals and the optic nerve. Mutant strains, but not CVS, were able to infect the lens. These results indicate that the cholinergic receptor may not be the only receptor for rabies virus and that rabies virus is conveyed in the nervous system by retrograde axoplasmic flow. Strain CVS spread throughout the brain and propagated eventually back to the retina. The mutants penetrated the brain as well, but the infection was slow, involved different cerebral structures, and cleared up completely in 3 weeks, probably because of an efficient immune response.
Cranioplasty: Indications, procedures, and outcome – An institutional experience

Background: Cranioplasty, the repair of a skull vault defect by insertion of an object (bone or nonbiological materials such as metal or plastic plates), is a well-known procedure in modern neurosurgery. Brain protection and cosmetic aspects are the major indications of cranioplasty. A retroprospective study was conducted for evaluating the indications, materials used, complications, and outcome of cranioplasty. Methods: This study was prospective from August 2013 to September 2015 and retrospective from August 2010 to July 2013. In the retrospective study, patients files were retrieved from the mentioned date (August 2010 to July 2013) from the medical records and the findings were recorded. Abstracted data included age at the time of cranioplasty (years), sex (male or female), medical comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes), indications for craniectomy [Road traffic accident (RTA), fall from height (FFH), hit by stone or cricket ball, physical assault, stroke, infection, shell injury, bullet injury, and intraoperative swelling], laterality of cranioplasty (bilateral, unilateral, or bifrontal), time between craniectomy and cranioplasty (weeks), type of graft (autologous or artificial), type of prosthesis if used (methylmethacrylate, titanium), storage of bone flap if used (subcutaneous or deep freezer), operative time (minutes), and complications fallowing cranioplasty. Results: Of the 236 patients included in the study, maximum were in the age group of 21–30 years i.e., 30.93% (n = 73). Mean age of the patients was 33.44 years. A total of 196 (83.05%) were autologous and 40 (16.95%) were artificial. Out of the 40 patients who underwent artificial cranioplasty, 36 (15.25%) had methylmethacrylate graft and 4 (1.7%) had titanium mesh implant. Bone was not preserved in 16.95% (n = 40), preserved in subcutaneous tissue in abdominal wall in 2.54% (n = 6), and preserved in deep freezer in 80.51% (n = 190) of the patients. Conclusion: Cranioplasty as a procedure is not without complications; however, if performed properly and at proper time with an aseptic technique, good results are achieved
Performance characteristics of an interventional multispectral photoacoustic imaging system for guiding minimally invasive procedures

Abstract. Precise device guidance is important for interventional procedures in many different clinical fields including fetal medicine, regional anesthesia, interventional pain management, and interventional oncology. While ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice for real-time guidance, the image contrast that it provides can be insufficient for visualizing tissue structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and tumors. This study was centered on the development of a photoacoustic imaging system for interventional procedures that delivered excitation light in the ranges of 750 to 900 nm and 1150 to 1300 nm, with an optical fiber positioned in a needle cannula. Coregistered B-mode ultrasound images were obtained. The system, which was based on a commercial ultrasound imaging scanner, has an axial resolution in the vicinity of 100 μm and a submillimeter, depth-dependent lateral resolution. Using a tissue phantom and 800 nm excitation light, a simulated blood vessel could be visualized at a maximum distance of 15 mm from the needle tip. Spectroscopic contrast for hemoglobin and lipids was observed with ex vivo tissue samples, with photoacoustic signal maxima consistent with the respective optical absorption spectra. The potential for further optimization of the system is discussed.
Do People Shape Cities, or Do Cities Shape People? The Co-Evolution of Physical, Social, and Economic Change in Five Major U.S. Cities

Urban change involves transformations in the physical appearance and the social composition of neighborhoods. Yet, the relationship between the physical and social components of urban change is not well understood due to the lack of comprehensive measures of neighborhood appearance. Here, we introduce a computer vision method to quantify change in physical appearance of streetscapes and generate a dataset of physical change for five large American cities. We combine this dataset with socioeconomic indicators to explore whether demographic and economic changes precede, follow, or co-occur with changes in physical appearance. We find that the strongest predictors of improvement in a neighborhood’s physical appearance are population density and share of college-educated adults. Other socioeconomic characteristics, like median income, share of vacant homes, and monthly rent, do not predict improvement in physical appearance. We also find that neighborhood appearances converge to the initial appearances of bordering areas, supporting the Burgess “invasion” theory. In addition, physical appearance is more likely to improve in neighborhoods proximal to the central business district. Finally, we find modest support for “tipping” and “filtering” theories of urban change.
Carotid‐ intima media thickness is independently associated with cognitive decline. The INVADE study

Increased carotid intima‐media thickness (C‐IMT) is a non‐invasive marker of atherosclerosis and predicts vascular events. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests an association between carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive decline. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between C‐IMT and the development of cognitive impairment in a large population‐based sample.
The benefits of treating hyperlipidemia to prevent coronary heart disease. Estimating changes in life expectancy and morbidity.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the lifetime benefits of reducing total serum cholesterol levels to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD). DESIGN We developed a CHD primary prevention computer model to estimate the benefits associated with lifelong risk factor modification. We validated the model by comparing the computer estimates with the observed results of three primary CHD prevention trials. PATIENTS Men and women age 35 to 65 years who are free of CHD, with total serum cholesterol levels ranging from 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/L (200 to 300 mg/dL), with or without additional CHD risk factors. INTERVENTIONS Serum cholesterol reduction through dietary modification or diet and medications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in life expectancy and the delay of symptomatic CHD. RESULTS The computer forecasts for CHD end points closely matched the observed results of the Lipid Research Clinics Trial, the Helsinki Heart Study, and MRFIT. We then applied the computer model to low-risk and high-risk men and women with total serum cholesterol levels between 5.2 and 7.8 mmol/L (200 and 300 mg/dL) and estimated that, after reducing serum cholesterol levels 5% to 33%, the average life expectancy would increase by 0.03 to 3.16 years. We also forecast that the average onset of symptomatic CHD would be delayed among these patient groups by 0.06 to 4.98 years. CONCLUSION We conclude that this computer model accurately estimates the results of clinical trials and can be used to forecast the changes in life expectancy and morbidity (the development of CHD) associated with specific CHD risk reduction interventions. The wide variation surrounding these estimates underscores the need to better define which groups of individuals will gain the most from cholesterol reduction.
Deformation of a Ram-Air Canopy due to Control Line Retraction

This work addresses the application of finite element techniques to simulate and obtain the quasi-steady state geometry and stress field of a fully inflated MC-4 ram-air canopy in steady flight under a prescribed pressure distribution and several control line pull scenarios. Until recently, parachute systems have been designed using prototype testing. Although these design methods have produced many successful iterations of parachute designs that are used for military and civilian applications, these methods can become rather costly and time consuming. As a result, the need for more cost and time efficient parachute designs have driven the need for computational based methods as an alternative to past design techniques. An innovative approach was developed to model the ram-air canopy. This was done by starting with the cut-pattern of the MC-4 canopy to create an “un-inflated” geometry that was then “inflated” using LS-DYNA finite element simulations. Shell elements were used to model the canopy and both 1D and 2D seatbelt elements were used for the control and suspension lines. The canopy loading used both a uniform pressure loading and a
Comparison of the frequency of use of a pupil expansion device with and without an intracameral phenylephrine and ketorolac injection 1%/0.3% at the time of routine cataract surgery

Purpose The objective of this study is to evaluate whether a phenylephrine and ketorolac injection 1%/0.3% (phenyl/keto injection) (Omidria®) prior to capsulotomy decreases the need for the Malyugin Ring® to manage small pupils. Setting Bucci Laser Vision Institute, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA. Design Retrospective analysis of cataract surgeries performed by a single surgeon at a single center. Methods A historical control group of 1,004 consecutive cases (December 2013 to February 2015) did not receive a phenyl/keto intracameral injection prior to capsulotomy and were compared with 915 consecutive cases in the treatment group (June 2015 to April 2016) for the rate of use of the Malyugin Ring. Epinephrine injections were selectively used in the control group as per surgeon judgment. Use of the femtosecond laser was recorded for both groups. The incidence of alpha-1 blocker patients and the use of the femtosecond laser were recorded for both groups. Results In the 1,004 cases performed in the historical control group without a phenyl/keto injection, the surgeon chose to use the Malyugin Ring 79 times (7.87%). In the 915 cases performed in the treatment group, the surgeon chose to use the Malyugin Ring 27 times (2.95%). The surgeon selectively used intracameral injections of epinephrine in the control group 64 times (6.47%). There was no significant difference in the use of the femtosecond laser in the control group (15.04%) versus the treatment group (16.28%); however, 4 (2.65%) femtosecond patients in the control group required a Malyugin Ring, while zero patients needed the ring in the femtosecond treatment group. The incidence of Malyugin Ring use in alpha-1 blocker patients was 12/49 (24.49%) in the control group and 6/49 (12.74%) in the treatment group (P=0.05). Conclusion The frequency of use of the Malyugin Ring was significantly reduced (P<0.001) from 7.87% to 2.95% with this treatment. These results strongly suggest that the antimiotic/anti-inflammatory effects of this phenyl/keto injection reduced facility costs, surgical time, and other complexities related to the use of the Malyugin Ring during phacoemulsification.