Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building global knowledge pipelines: The role of temporary clusters

Abstract Business people and professionals come together regularly at trade fairs, exhibitions, conventions, congresses, and conferences. Here, their latest and most advanced findings, inventions and products are on display to be evaluated by customers and suppliers, as well as by peers and competitors. Participation in events like these helps firms to identify the current market frontier, take stock of relative competitive positions and form future plans. Such events exhibit many of the characteristics ascribed to permanent spatial clusters, albeit in a temporary and intensified form. These short-lived hotspots of intense knowledge exchange, network building and idea generation can thus be seen as temporary clusters. This paper compares temporary clusters with permanent clusters and other types of inter-firm interactions. If regular participation in temporary clusters can satisfy a firm's need to learn through interaction with suppliers, customers, peers and rivals, why is the phenomenon of permanent spatial clustering of similar and related economic activity so pervasive? The answer, it is claimed, lies in the restrictions imposed upon economic activity when knowledge and ideas are transformed into valuable products and services. The paper sheds new light on how interaction among firms in current clusters coincides with knowledge-intensive pipelines between firms in different regions or clusters. In doing so, it offers a novel way of understanding how inter-firm knowledge relationships are organized spatially and temporally.
Molecular description of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases among nosocomial isolates of Escherichia coli & Klebsiella pneumoniae from six different hospitals in India

Background & objectives: Plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamase (PMABL) resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. is an emerging problem worldwide. Phenotypic methods are commonly used for detection of PMABL production in Gram-negative isolates, but molecular data about the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC-type resistance at the national level are needed. Hence, a prospective study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of PMABL gene and its types among clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae obtained from six different hospitals in India. Methods: A total of 241 nosocomial isolates of K. pneumoniae (n=109) and E.coli (n=132) from six geographically distant hospitals in India were included. These were screened for cefoxitin resistance. AmpC disk test and modified three dimensional extraction test were used for phenotypic detection of PMABL production. Molecular types were determined by a multiplex PCR. Results: Among the 241 isolates, 187 (77.5%) were found to be cefoxitin resistant (K. pneumoniae n=83, E. coli n=104). AmpC activity was detectable in 153 (63.4%) isolates, (K. pneumoniae n=69, E. coli n=84). By PCR, the plasmid encoded AmpC genes were found in 92 (38.1%) isolates and the molecular types of the genes detected predominantly were DHA, CIT followed by MOX and ACC types. Interpretation & conclusions: A high percentage of plasmid-encoded AmpC enzymes was noted in E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates obtained from different parts of the country. Phenotypic methods alone may not reflect the true number of PMABL producers. Genotypic methods need to be employed in national surveillance studies.
Football, Violence and Social Identity

Drawing on research from Britain, Europe, Argentina and the USA this volume examines the culture and loyalties of soccer players and crowds and their relationships to social order, disorder and violence. This informative and accessible book will be of interest to students of Sport Science and to all of those who love the game of soccer.
Allergic gastrointestinal motility disorders in infancy and early childhood

Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, constipation and colic are among the most common disorders in infancy and early childhood. In at least a subset of infants with these functional disorders, improvement after dietary elimination of specific food proteins has been demonstrated. Gastrointestinal food allergy should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants presenting with persistent regurgitation, constipation or irritable behaviour, particularly if conventional treatment has not been beneficial. The diagnosis of food protein‐induced gastrointestinal motility disorders is hampered by the absence of specific clinical features or useful laboratory markers. Gastrointestinal biopsies before commencing a hypoallergenic diet may provide the most important diagnostic clues. Early recognition is essential for the optimal management of these patients to prevent nutritional sequelae or aversive feeding behaviours. Treatment relies on hypoallergenic formulae, as well as maternal elimination diets in breast‐fed infants. Further research is required to better define the pathological mechanisms and diagnostic markers of paediatric allergic gastrointestinal motility disorders. The following article will present three instructive cases followed by discussion of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and natural history of food allergic motility disorders in infancy and early childhood.
Coordinate development of skin cells and cutaneous sensory axons in zebrafish

Peripheral sensory axons innervate the epidermis early in embryogenesis to detect touch stimuli. To characterize the time course of cutaneous innervation and the nature of interactions between sensory axons and skin cells at early developmental stages, we conducted a detailed analysis of cutaneous innervation in the head, trunk, and tail of zebrafish embryos and larvae from 18 to 78 hours postfertilization. This analysis combined live imaging of fish expressing transgenes that highlight sensory neurons and skin cells, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and serial scanning electron microscopy (sSEM). In zebrafish, the skin initially consists of two epithelial layers, and all of the axons in the first wave of innervation are free endings. Maturation of the epithelium coincides with, but does not depend on, its innervation by peripheral sensory axons. We found that peripheral axons initially arborize between the two epithelial skin layers, but not within the basal lamina, as occurs in other organisms. Strikingly, as development proceeds, axons become tightly enveloped within basal keratinocytes, an arrangement suggesting that keratinocytes may serve structural or functional roles, akin to Schwann cells, in somatosensation mediated by these sensory neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. , 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abundances, masses and weak-lensing mass profiles of galaxy clusters as a function of richness and luminosity in ΛCDM cosmologies

We test the concordancecold dark matter (� CDM) cosmology by comparing predictions for the mean properties of galaxy clusters to observations. We use high-resolution N-body simula- tions of cosmic structure formation and semi-analytic models of galaxy formation to compute the abundance, mean density profile and mass of galaxy clusters as a function of richness and luminosity, and we compare these predictions to observations of clusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) maxBCG catalogue. We discuss the scatter in the mass-richness relation, the reconstruction of the cluster mass function from the mass-richness relation and fits to the weak-lensing cluster mass profiles. The impact of cosmological parameters on the predictions is investigated by comparing results from galaxy models based on the Millennium Simulation (MS) and the WMAP1 simulation to those from the WMAP3 simulation. We find that the simulated weak-lensing mass profiles and the observed profiles of the SDSS maxBCG clusters agree well in shape and amplitude. The mass-richness relations in the simulations are close to the observed relation, with differences 30 per cent. The MS and WMAP1 simulations yield cluster abundances similar to those observed, whereas abundances in the WMAP3 simulation are two to three times lower. The differences in cluster abundance, mass and density amplitude between the simulations and the observations can be attributed to differences in the underlying cosmological parameters, in particular the power spectrum normalization σ 8. Better agreement between predictions and observations should be reached with a normalization 0.722
Recent advances in research of antimicrobial effects of essential oils and plant derived compounds on bacteria

Antibiotic resistance is a great burden from medicinal and economic point of view, which stems from the overprescription and misuse of anti-infective drugs. It is further aggravated by the horizontal spread of resistance genes between bacterial species and genera. The increasing rate of antibiotic resistance of bacteria urges new attempts to overcome the problem. Antimicrobial agents with new mechanisms resistance modifiers of synthetic or natural origin would serve an alternative way of antimicrobial chemotherapy targeting the inhibition of bacterial growth and the spread of antibiotic resistance. This review reports the biological properties of essential oils and other plant derived compounds with special regard to their anti-infective features and resistance modifier activity, including antibacterial (gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and Mycobacteria), antiplasmid activities both in vitro and in vivo .
Role of whole-brain computed tomography perfusion in head injury patients to predict outcome

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate utility, pattern, and extent of perfusion abnormalities in traumatic brain injury by using whole-brain computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and to assess co-relation of CTP data clinically with Glasgow outcome score (GOS). Materials and Methods: Prospective analytic evaluation of the traumatic head injury patients who were immediately taken up for CTP was done. Patient's demographic, clinical, and radiological findings were tabulated and analyzed. GOS was measured by a neurosurgeon after 3 months of trauma who was blinded to CTP results. Results: Of the 78 patients included in this study, 28 patients were found to have GOS 5, 19 of them had GOS 4, 27 of them had GOS 3, and 4 of them had a GOS 2. Higher mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) values were observed in those who had a better GOS, i.e., 4 or 5, whereas those in the GOS range ≤3 had lower mean CBF and CBV values. Conclusion: Statistically significant positive correlation was found between cerebral perfusion parameters with that of GOS. CBF of frontal area shows better correlation with GOS. CBF was the most important predictor among all the perfusion parameters.
Impact of Loading Condition on the 2D Speckle Tracking–Derived Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony Index in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background—The effects of left ventricular (LV) loading conditions on LV dyssynchrony have not been elucidated. We modified LV loading conditions to reveal their effects on echocardiography-derived LV dyssynchrony index (LVdys) in patients with documented nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results—Thirty-seven patients were consecutively enrolled. After baseline measurements, pneumatic compression of the lower extremities (Pcom) was used to increase LV afterload. Subsequently, sublingual nitroglycerin (SL-NG) was administered to modify preload. Conventional echocardiographic parameters, LVdys (by speckle-tracking radial strain analysis) and LV end-systolic wall stress (LV-ESWS), were calculated under each condition. LVdys-6 (defined as the maximal difference in time-to-peak radial strain between 6 myocardial segments) and LV-ESWS increased under Pcom (for LVdys-6, 159±117 at baseline versus 239±140 ms under Pcom, P<0.05; for LV-ESWS, 191±63 versus 228±80 g/m2, P<0.05) After SL-NG application, both parameters decreased significantly (for LVdys-6, 239±140 under Pcom versus 147±103 ms after SL-NG, P<0.05; for LV-ESWS, 228±80 under Pcom versus 189±67 g/m2 after SL-NG, P<0.05). When the presence of LV dyssynchrony was defined as the absolute difference in time-to-peak radial strain between the anteroseptal and posterior segments (LVdys-2), the results were unchanged. Using 130 ms as a cutoff value, the proportion of patients with LV dyssynchrony changed significantly (29.7% at baseline, 45.9% under Pcom, and 35.1% after SL-NG). When the presence of LV dyssynchrony was defined as standard deviation of the time to peak radial strain for 6 segments (LVdys-SD), the results were same. LVdys and LV-ESWS showed a modest but significant association with each other (r=0.47, P<0.001 for LVdys-6; r=0.41, P<0.001 for LVdys-2; r=0.46, P<0.001 for LVdys-SD). Conclusions—To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first evidence of a significant association between LVdys and LV loading status, reflective of a dynamic nature of LVdys. Accordingly, LV loading conditions should be taken into account when echocardiographic LVdys is used for clinical decision-making of selecting candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy or when it is used as a surrogate marker of prognosis.
Modeling of GaAs MESFET under back illumination

An analytical model of GaAs metal-semiconductor-field-effect transistor (MESFET) with non uniform doping is developed. The model presents the frequency dependent analytical model of GaAs MESFET under back illumination. Photovoltaic effects across the Schottky junction and active channel are considered to estimate various characteristics under different illumination conditions. The Continuity equations in the gate depletion and neutral regions are solved analytically under various illumination conditions. The frequency dependence of photovoltage at the Schottky contact (Vop) is evaluated. The drain current and channel conductance under A. C. and D. C. conditions are evaluated for various illuminated conditions. It has been observed from the results that when GaAs MESFET is illuminated from back there is more improvement in device characteristics as compared with the device under front illumination. This is due to improved absorption.
Analytic Force Field for Clusters and Nanoparticles of Aluminum and Its Hydride

An analytic potential energy function is developed for simulating clusters and nanoparticles of aluminum and its hydride. An embedded atom method is used which modulates the background electron density as a function of the number of nearest neighbor atoms. The method is parameterized and tested using an extensive training set computed from first principles density functional theory. The potential energy function is found to be reliable for clusters of arbitrary size, shape, and composition ratio. The force field obtained from the analytic potential energy function is computationally efficient and well-suited for simulating large systems of aluminum and aluminum hydride particles. A proposed molecular dynamics simulation related to hydrogen storage technologies for onboard automotive applications is briefly discussed.
Oscillatory characteristics of the visual mismatch negativity: what evoked potentials aren't telling us

The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) response is typically examined by subtracting the average response to a deviant stimulus from the response to the standard. This approach, however, can omit a critical element of the neural response, i.e., the non-phase-locked (“induced”) oscillatory activity. Recent investigations of the oscillatory characteristics of the auditory mismatch negativity (aMMN) identified a crucial role for theta phase locking and power. Oscillatory characteristics of the vMMN from 39 healthy young adults were investigated in order to establish whether theta phase locking plays a similar role in the vMMN response. We explored changes in phase locking, overall post-stimulus spectral power as well as non-phase-locked spectral power compared to baseline (−300 to 0 ms). These were calculated in the frequency range of 4–50 Hz and analysed using a non-parametric cluster based analysis. vMMN was found intermittently in a broad time interval 133–584 ms post-stimulus and was associated with an early increase in theta phase locking (75–175 ms post-stimulus) that was not accompanied by an increase in theta power. Theta phase locking in the absence of an increase in theta power has been associated with the distribution and flow of information between spatially disparate neural locations. Additionally, in the 450–600 ms post-stimulus interval, deviant stimuli yielded a stronger decrease in non-phase-locked alpha power than standard stimuli, potentially reflecting a shift in attentional resources following the detection of change. The examination of oscillatory activity is crucial to the comprehensive analysis of a neural response to a stimulus, and when combined with evoked potentials (EPs) provide a more complete picture of neurocognitive processing.
Bach Performance Practice, 1945–1975: A Comprehensive Review of Sound Recordings and Literature

Contents: Preface Introduction The early music movement: theory and context The early music movement: a style-oriented history Resources: instruments, voices, size of ensembles and the problem of balance Tempo and dynamics Ornamentation Rhythm Articulation Conclusions References Discography Bach Performance Practice, 1945-75:CD track list Index.
Reactions without a Baguette in the Face: Intercultural Persuasion involving French People

The following study examines persuasion in French culture. Assuming a cultural unity of behavior and beliefs, this particular study looks at these respondents’ relative preferences for statistical, anecdotal, causal, and expert evidence in particular persuasive attempts. This study suggests that the French people from this particular study are more responsive to causal and expert evidence. While there is not a lot of literature on the subject, this study presents itself as a starting point for more studies that wish to further examine the differences in usage of persuasion and which will be the best method of use when communicating with people from different cultures.
The effect of consumer ratings and attentional allocation on product valuations

Online marketplaces allow consumers to leave reviews about the products they purchase, which are visible to potential customers and competitors. While the impact of reviews on valuations of worth and purchasing decisions has been intensively studied, little is known about how the reviews themselves are attended to, and the relation between attention and valuations. In three studies we use eye-tracking methodologies to investigate attention in subjective monetary valuations of consumer goods. We find that, when evaluating consumer goods, individuals’ attention to ratings are related to their frequencies, attention to positive or negative information is related to subjective valuations, and that perspective (owner vs. non-owner) influences the type of information attended to. These findings extend previous research regarding the valuations of risky prospects as implemented in abstract monetary gambles and suggest that similar cognitive processes might underlie both types of tasks.
Using Physical Activity and Sport to Teach Personal and Social Responsibility

Part I. The Foundation of the TPSR Model Chapter 1. Introduction to the Personal and Social Responsibility Model Chapter 3. Creating a Positive Learning Environment Part II. Using TPSR in Physical Activity and Sport Settings Chapter 5. Volleyball Chapter 7. Soccer Chapter 10. Golf Chapter 12. Fitness Part III. TPSR in Action Chapter 14. What Matters in Youth Leadership.
A Study of Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes and Food Habits of College Students

4 Abstract: This study designed for understanding the nutrition knowledge, attitude and food habits of college's students. The target population consisted entirely of college student of Payam Nour Universities. Standard questionnaire (K Parmenter and J Wardle 1999) which was developed to measure subject's nutrition knowledge, attitude and food habits distributed among 415 students randomly. After translation, questionnaires were evaluated by professor's faculty of physical education and sport sciences. The reliability analysis yielded Cronbach Alpha values of 0.78 for the knowledge and 0.74 for the attitude scales. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient (P<0.05). Results show that nutrition knowledge score in physical education student were highest and in business management student were lowest. ANOVA show that there were no significant differences among nutrition knowledge of all majors and between genders. Also nutrition attitude scores for physical education were highest and for psychology were lowest; but difference between nutrition attitudes among all majors was not significant. There were significant positive correlations between nutrition knowledge and attitude; and between nutrition attitude and food habits of male and females students.According to our results, we suggest that student should more attention to nutrition. Also study in college as a golden period for learning, can affect on promote nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices of students, therefore the importance of nutrition in various college curriculums and improvement of the learning environment, related to nutrition need to be emphasized on college campuses.
Data path driven waveform-like reconfiguration

The Xilinx Virtex FPGA family provides the capability to perform dynamic partial hardware reconfiguration (DPR). This implies that parts of the system can by dynamically reprogrammed while the rest of the system components continue their execution without being interrupted. Such reconfigurable FPGA systems are becoming more and more common for applications that require a high degree of run-time flexibility. One major research task in this area is to decrease the overhead caused by the reconfiguration duration. This can be done by increasing the reconfiguration rate, which means increasing the system performance when performing the reconfiguration. This paper presents an alternative approach which aims at decreasing the influence of the reconfiguration, by carefully dividing the reconfigurable modules according to the specific data graph and to start processing the data while the following parts of the data graph are still being reconfigured. This prevents data from being stalled and waiting for the reconfiguration to complete. The suggested approach is referred to as waveform-like reconfiguration, since the data processing closely follows the reconfiguration process.
Transformations between History and Memory

There is no need to convince anybody that there is such a thing as individual memory; memory attaches to persons in the singular. But does it attach to them in the plural? Although the term “collective memoiry” has gained currency and a whole new discourse has been built around it that fills extended libraiy shelves, there are still inveterate skeptics who tenaciously deny the phrase has any meaning. It is of course easy to create a new term , but how can we be sure the term corresponds to anything in reality?