Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey of PRAM simulation techniques

The Parallel Random Access Machine (PRAM) is an abstract model of parallel computation which allows researchers to focus on the essential characteristics of a parallel architecture and ignore other details. The PRAM has long been acknowledged to be a useful tool for the study of parallel computing, but unfortunately it is not physically implementable in hardware. In order to take advantage of the broad base of algorithms and results regarding this high-level abstraction one needs general methods for allowing the execution of PRAM algorithms on more realistic machines. In the following we survey these methods, which we refer to as PRAM simulation techniques. The general issues of memory management and routing are discussed, and both randomized and deterministic solutions are considered. We show that good theoretical solutions to many of the subproblems in PRAM simulation have been developed, though questions still exist as to their practical utility. This article should allow those performing research in this field to become well acquainted with the current state of the art, while allowing the novice to get an intuitive feeling for the fundamental questions being considered. The introduction should provide a concise tutorial for those unfamiliar with the problem of PRAM simulation.
New Bounds on the Minimum Calls of Failure-Tolerant Gossiping

Gossiping is an extensively investigated information dissemination process. In gossiping, every vertex holds a message which has to be transmitted to all other vertices. This paper deals with k-failure tolerant gossiping, which investigates the minimum number of transmissions (calls) required by the communication process, provided that at most k transmissions may fail. We show new bounds for the number of transmissions, which are better than the previous results if k is sufficiently large. In addition, some examples of k-failure tolerant gossiping with fewer transmissions are shown for small graphs. Keywoards:Communication network; Gossiping; Reliability
Computation of Intermodulation Distortion in RF Circuits Using Single-Tone Moments Analysis

Obtaining the value of the third order intercept point using traditional simulation techniques typically requires a nonlinear steady state analysis with multitone inputs, which is very computationally expensive. In this paper, a new method is presented for the computation of the third order intercept point. Using the proposed approach, the necessary Volterra kernels are computed directly from the harmonic balance equations. The only computation cost is that of solving a set of sparse linear equations. Furthermore, only one input tone is required in this case, which greatly reduces the size of the equations and thus the computation cost.
Factors Associated with Postoperative Pain in Endodontic Therapy

Objective: To assess postoperative pain in endodontic therapy and its association with clinical factors such as gender, age, tooth type, pulpal diagnosis, and preoperative pain, length of obturation and sealer extrusion. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Dental section of the Aga khan university hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2009. Methodology: One hundred and forty patients (140) requiring endodontic therapy for molar and premolar teeth were included in this study. Local Anesthesia (2% Lidocain with 1:80,000 Epinephrine) was administered. The tooth was isolated with rubber dam. Access cavity was prepared with the help of round carbide No. 2 bur. Canal preparation was completed using crown-down technique. Access was sealed with sterile dry cotton pallet and restored temporarily with double layer of Glass ionomer cement and Cavit. After one week patients were recalled and access was re-opened, obturation was done using cold lateral condensation technique. Ca(OH)2 based sealer was used. Postoperative radiographs were taken. Patients were recalled after 24 hours and postobturation pain was recorded using Visual analogue scale (VAS). Data was obtained on a structured Performa. χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Pain was present in 42.9% of patients. Females more frequently experienced pain (65%) than males (35%). Preoperative pain was found to be significantly associated with postoperative pain (p value < 0.001). Obturation length was not found to be significantly associated with postoperative pain (p value 1.0). Sealer extrusion was not found to be significantly associated with postoperative (P value 0.547).
Time Scales for Viscous Flow, Atomic Transport, and Crystallization in the Liquid and Supercooled Liquid States of Zr 41.2 Ti 13.8 Cu 12.5 Ni 10.0 Be 22.5

The shear viscosity of liquid Zr41.2Ti13. 8Cu12.5Ni10. 0Be22.5 has been measured. At the liquidus temperature we find an extremely high viscosity of 2.5 Pa s, favoring glass formation. At deep supercooling the time scales for the diffusion of small and medium sized atoms as reported in the literature decouple from the internal relaxation time as probed by our viscosity measurements. Similarly, crystallization from the supercooled liquid state can be described with an effective diffusivity that scales with the viscosity at high temperatures and is Arrhenius-like at deep supercooling.
METODE BERMAIN PUZZLE BERPENGARUH PADA PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH

Pre-school is a period to increase fine motor development of children. This research aims to determine the increasing of fine motor development using the puzzle for preschoolers. his research is using one-group pre-post test design without control and procedures for statistical analysis through Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test with a confidence level of 95% and α: 5%. The subjects of this study were 40 children. The results of the analysis showed that there was effect of the intervention method by playing puzzle through the development of fine motor skills at pre-school children in mind that the value of Z sign p = 0.001 where significant value of p <0.05. Puzzle play method can improve child language development. The results of this research can be used as the basic for doing the puzzles therapy in children because it can improve fine motor skills development of children. Masa prasekolah merupakan masa peningkatan perkembangan motorik halus. Motorik halus adalah gerakan yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok otot-otot kecil seperti jari-jemari. Pada survey awal hampir sebagian anak mengalami perkembangan motorik suspek. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode puzzle terhadap perkembangan motorik halus anak pra sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan one-group pra-post test design tanpa control dan analisis statistik menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan α : 5%. Populasi penelitian 50 anak dan sample 40 anak dengan tehnik Simple Random Sampling. Setelah data terkumpul dengan menggunakan DDST selanjutnya dianalisa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada pengaruh metode bermain puzzle terhadap perkembangan motorik halus diketahui p sign = 0,001 dimana nilai signifikan p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk melakukan terapi puzzle pada anak untuk meningkatkan perkembangan motorik halus anak.
Development and validation of a biotic ligand model for predicting chronic toxicity of lead to Ceriodaphnia dubia

While it is increasingly being recognized that biotic ligand models (BLMs) are valuable in the risk assessment of metals in aquatic systems, the development of chronic BLMs has been less advanced for lead than for other metals. The authors investigated the univariate effects of Ca and pH on the chronic reproductive toxicity of Pb to Ceriodaphnia dubia at 4 levels. Calcium influenced chronic Pb toxicity to C. dubia only to a relatively small extent, whereas a high pH (8.2) provided strong protection against Pb toxicity (compared with lower pH levels). Based on this data set, a chronic Pb BLM for C. dubia was developed. The effect of pH was modeled as a single biotic ligand site competition by H+ with a log stability constant for binding of H+ to the biotic ligand (KHBL) of 7.6, while no other competitive constants were needed. The developed BLM was shown, in an independent validation with 3 other data sets, to be capable of predicting chronic Pb toxicity to different clones of C. dubia by an error of less than a factor of 2 in most synthetic and natural waters considered. The results add to the growing evidence that BLM–based risk assessment or water‐quality criteria for Pb are likely to be more appropriate relative to hardness‐based assessments or criteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:394–403. © 2013 SETAC
Aproximación al conocimiento común del contenido para enseñar probabilidad desde el modelo del Conocimiento Didáctico-matemático

espanolEn este articulo se analiza el Conocimiento Didactico-matematico del profesorado de educacion primaria para ensenar probabilidad, centrandose especificamente en la subcategoria de conocimiento comun del contenido. Para ello fueron analizadas las practicas matematicas de 93 profesores chilenos de educacion primaria en activo, a partir de un cuestionario compuesto por 7 items que evaluan aspectos parciales e iniciales de dicho conocimiento. Los resultados muestran un nivel de conocimientos insuficiente, con 4.75 puntos promedio de respuestas correctas sobre 14. Se concluye que es necesario disenar un programa de formacion que permita mejorar el nivel de los conocimientos para ensenar probabilidad en el aula. EnglishThis paper analyzes the didactic-mathematical knowledge, to teach probability, of Elementary Scool teachers, focusing specifically on the subcategory of common knowledge of content. For this, the mathematical practices of 93 active Chilean teachers were analyzed from a questionnaire composed of 7 items that evaluate partial and initial aspects of this knowledge. The results show an insufficient level of knowledge, with 4.75 average points of correct answers over 14. It is concluded that it is necessary to design a training program that allow improving the level of knowledge to teach probability in classrooms.
Player Responses to a Live Algorithm: Conceptualising computational creativity without recourse to human comparisons?

Live algorithms are computational systems made to perform in an improvised manner with human improvising musicians, typically using only live audio or MIDI streams as the medium of interaction. They are designed to establish meaningful musical interaction with their musical partners, without necessarily being conceived of as “virtual musicians”. This paper investigates, with respect to a specific live algorithm designed by the author, how improvising musicians approach and discuss performing with that system. The study supports a working assumption that such systems constitute a distinct type of object from the traditional categories of instrument, composition and performer, which are capable of satisfying some of the expectations of an engaging improvisatory performance experience, despite being unambiguously distinct from a human musician. I investigate how the study participants’ comments and actions support this view. Specifically: 1) participants interacting with the system had a stronger sense of the nature of the interaction than when they were passively observing the interaction; 2) participants couldn’t tell what the “rules” of the interactive behaviour were, and didn’t feel they could predict the behaviour, but reported this as being a positive, engaging aspect of the experience. Their actions implied that the improvisation had purpose and invited engagement; 3) participants strictly avoided discussing the system in terms of virtual musicianship, or of creating original output, and preferred to categorise the system as an instrument or a composition, despite describing the interaction of the system as musically engaging; 4) participants felt the long-term structure was lacking. Such results, it is argued, lend weight to the idea that as CC applications in real creation scenarios grow, the creative contribution of computer systems becomes less grounded in comparison with human standards.
An Epidemiological Study of Stroke Hospitalizations in Maputo, Mozambique: A High Burden of Disease in a Resource-Poor Country

Background and Purpose— Already a major cause of death and disability in high-income countries, the burden of stroke in sub-Saharan Africa is also expected to be high. However, specific stroke data are scarce from resource-poor countries. We studied the incidence, characteristics, and short-term consequences of hospitalizations for stroke in Maputo, Mozambique. Methods— Over 12 months, comprehensive data from all local patients admitted to any hospital in Maputo with a new stroke event were prospectively captured according to the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach to stroke surveillance program. Disability levels (pre- and posthospital discharge) and short-term case-fatality (in-hospital and 28 days) were also studied. Results— Overall, 651 new stroke events (mean age 59.1±13.2 years and 53% men) were captured by the registry with 601 confirmed by CT scan (83.4%) or necropsy (8.9%). Crude and adjusted (world reference population) annual incidence rates of stroke were 148.7 per 100 000 and 260.1 per 100 000 aged ≥25 years, respectively. Of these, 531 (81.6%) represented a first-ever stroke event comprising 254 ischemic (42.0%) and 217 (36.1%) an intracerebral hemorrhage. Before admission, 561 patients (86.2%) had hypertension and 271 (41.6%) had symptoms for >24 hours. In-hospital and 28-day case-fatality were 33.3% and 49.6% (72.3% for hemorrhagic stroke), respectively. From almost no preadmission disability, 64.4% of 370 survivors at 28 days had moderate-to-severe disability. Conclusions— The burden of disease associated with stroke is high in Maputo, emphasizing the importance of primary prevention and improvement of the standards of care in a developing country under epidemiological transition.
Toward justice and social transformation? Appealing to the tradition against the tradition

This article starts with a brief statement on the well-known contradictory nature of the Reformed tradition in South Africa, defending injustice and struggling for justice in the name of the same tradition. By following the work of Reformed systematic theologian D.J. Smit, it argues that the justice-affirming potential of the Reformed tradition is a hermeneutical task built on three specific re-interpretations: (1) the reinterpretation of Scripture from the perspective of the weak, the poor and the oppressed (against a hermeneutic of creation orders and God-willed division of people) (2) a rereading of John Calvin to affirm the dignity and freedom of all humans (against the grain of neo-Calvinist interpretations) (3) a rereading of Karl Barth with a focus on God’s inclusive grace, Christian confessions and the nature of the Christian life (against the limitation of his influence because of his perceived actualistic view on Scripture or unscientific, foundational methodology). The article closes with a brief look into the agenda for social transformation faced by us in the second decade of the 21st century, and under what conditions the Reformed faith will be able to make an enduring contribution to public life in (South) Africa.
Comparative Study of Learning Style, Resiliency and Problem Solving Skills in Iranian Chess Players

The main objective of this study was to compare learning styles, resiliency and problem solving skills in Iranian chess players. The approach of this study was a description of cohesion kind. The statistical population included all active chess players with an international rating under chess federation supervision of Islamic Republic of Iran. The sample was based on Morgan table, and the sampling was done by simple method and the number of 306 players was chosen who answered the learning style questionnaire of Clop in 2005, Kaner & Davidson’s Resiliency in 2003, and Kasidi & Long’s problem solving guideline in 1996. The data obtained by Chi-square Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (KS test), Kruskal-Wallis Test & Spearman correlation Test analyzed by SPSS21. The findings showed that there wasn’t a significant relationship between learning styles with the amount of resiliency and chess players’ problem solving skills. Also there was a positive and powerful relation between the amount of resiliency and chess players solving problem skills. It seems that chess players learning style doesn’t have any effect on the ability of problem-solving skill. In other word, having learning style and different thinking isn’t an advantage although the present research protects the existence of positive meaningful relation between the amount of resiliency and chess players’ problem solving skills.
The internal labour market and the employment of temporary help workers in Spain

Purpose – To ascertain whether any relationship exists between the main processes of human resource management involved in the internal labour market (training and internal recruitment) and the use of temporary help workers (THW) in Spain.Design/methodology/approach – Take into account the perspective complementary between internal and external employment systems, a questionnaire was sending by mail to a selected sample of companies to get information.Findings – The results confirm that a relationship does exist between the use of THW and training and internal recruitment. Also reveal the effects of the size upon these processes and the use of THW.Research limitations/implications – The main drawbacks are that of not using a wider sample. The findings will not be fully extrapolable to other countries. Future works could be directed towards testing a model of the relationship between the use of THW and a greater number of parameters, and a wider sample of miscellaneous countries.Practical implications – Th.
Fostering Intuition in Management Education

In business, there is little doubt that managers use their intuitions when making decisions. But in spite of the fact that intuition and rationality are two parallel systems of knowing, intuition is often considered the antithesis of rationality and is overlooked, disregarded, or acted on covertly by managers. What is also clear is that intuition is not typically a part of the traditional management education curriculum. The risk therefore exists that business school programs may be producing managers of the future who are unprepared with respect to the more intuitive aspects of management practice. In this article, the authors define intuition and explore various ways management educators can incorporate intuition in business curricula, along with specific teaching ideas that can be utilized in the classroom.
Approximate Volume and Integration for Basic Semialgebraic Sets

Given a basic compact semialgebraic set $\mathbf{K}\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, we introduce a methodology that generates a sequence converging to the volume of $\mathbf{K}$. This sequence is obtained from optimal values of a hierarchy of either semidefinite or linear programs. Not only the volume but also every finite vector of moments of the probability measure that is uniformly distributed on $\mathbf{K}$ can be approximated as closely as desired, which permits the approximation of the integral on $\mathbf{K}$ of any given polynomial; the extension to integration against some weight functions is also provided. Finally, some numerical issues associated with the algorithms involved are briefly discussed.
Enhanced audiovisual integration with aging in speech perception: a heightened McGurk effect in older adults

Two experiments compared young and older adults in order to examine whether aging leads to a larger dependence on visual articulatory movements in auditory-visual speech perception. These experiments examined accuracy and response time in syllable identification for auditory-visual (AV) congruent and incongruent stimuli. There were also auditory-only (AO) and visual-only (VO) presentation modes. Data were analyzed only for participants with normal hearing. It was found that the older adults were more strongly influenced by visual speech than the younger ones for acoustically identical signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of auditory speech (Experiment 1). This was also confirmed when the SNRs of auditory speech were calibrated for the equivalent AO accuracy between the two age groups (Experiment 2). There were no aging-related differences in VO lipreading accuracy. Combined with response time data, this enhanced visual influence for the older adults was likely to be associated with an aging-related delay in auditory processing.
Functional-biochemical relationships in the posterior cingulate cortex, and their application to the genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease

A major challenge in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research is to improve understanding of the earliest brain changes associated with AD, in order to develop treatments to combat this disease. One strategy potentially able to inform this need is the study of brain regions associated with AD in young adults at genetic risk of AD. A key region of increasing interest to AD researchers is the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Despite being implicated in AD pathogenesis, its function is not well understood. Neuroimaging studies in young adults who carry the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, the Apolipoprotein (APOE) E4 allele, have detected glucose metabolism, activity and functional connectivity alterations in the PCC. A better understanding of PCC function would aid interpretation of these changes, to improve insight into AD pathogenesis. This thesis applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study PCC activity correlates with brain metabolites in vivo (Chapters 3 and 4), prior to investigating whether these metabolites might be altered in APOE-E4 carriers aged 18-25 years (Chapter 5). Chapters 3 and 4 detected a category-sensitive fMRI response and fMRI-MRS relationship for the scene condition of a perception task and a working memory task, specifically a positive correlation between PCC activity and the metabolite N-acetyl- aspartate (tNAA), a marker of neuronal integrity associated with neuronal mitochondrial metabolism. The scene conditions of these paradigms previously elicited an altered pattern of PCC activity in young APOE-E4 carriers. Chapter 5 therefore compared PCC tNAA and other MRS metabolites between young APOE-E4 carriers and non-carriers. No MRS differences, however, were evident between APOE groups. These findings contribute to our understanding of the biochemistry underpinning PCC activity, but suggest that an alteration in such a pathway may not be linked with the activity alterations detected in young APOE-E4 carriers.