Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Village Hinduism: "Fragmentation" and Integration

are they related to each other in terms of either common underlying values or consistency of purpose? If Hinduism can indeed be envisaged as a system of social behaviour (as opposed to a mere collection of heterogeneous and uncoordinated ritual activities, which we associate with each other merely through the force of tradition) then what gives coherence to this system? Hinduism is not sustained as a whole by any ecclesiastical or sectarian organization; in the absence of such an institutional framework, at what level ought we to seek continuities between the diverse elements of which it is made? ’ .
Independent mechanisms for ventriloquism and multisensory integration as revealed by theta‐burst stimulation

The visual and auditory systems often concur to create a unified perceptual experience and to determine the localization of objects in the external world. Co‐occurring auditory and visual stimuli in spatial coincidence are known to enhance performance of auditory localization due to the integration of stimuli from different sensory channels (i.e. multisensory integration). However, auditory localization of audiovisual stimuli presented at spatial disparity might also induce a mislocalization of the sound towards the visual stimulus (i.e. ventriloquism effect). Using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation we tested the role of right temporoparietal (rTPC), right occipital (rOC) and right posterior parietal (rPPC) cortex in an auditory localization task in which indices of ventriloquism and multisensory integration were computed. We found that suppression of rTPC excitability by means of continuous theta‐burst stimulation (cTBS) reduced multisensory integration. No similar effect was found for cTBS over rOC. Moreover, inhibition of rOC, but not of rTPC, suppressed the visual bias in the contralateral hemifield. In contrast, cTBS over rPPC did not produce any modulation of ventriloquism or integrative effects. The double dissociation found in the present study suggests that ventriloquism and audiovisual multisensory integration are functionally independent phenomena and may be underpinned by partially different neural circuits.
Moral development of solo juvenile sex offenders

Abstract This study compared the moral development of solo juvenile male sex offenders (n = 20) and juvenile male non-offenders (n = 76), aged 13–19 years, from lower socioeconomic and educational backgrounds. The Moral Orientation Measure (MOM) was used to assess punishment- and victim-based moral orientation in sexual and non-sexual situations. Moral judgement was assessed with the Sociomoral Reflection Measure – Short Form (SRM-SF), with questions added on sexual offending and the offender's own victim(s). Offenders did not differ from non-offenders in victim-based orientation, but they showed weaker punishment-based orientation in sexual and non-sexual situations. No differences in moral judgement were found. However, lower stages of moral judgement were observed when the offenders’ own victim was involved, confirming specific moral deficits in solo juvenile sex offenders. Delay in moral judgement proved to be associated with cognitive distortions. It was concluded that the treatment of solo juvenile sex offenders should challenge own victim-related cognitive distortions.
Processes Meet Big Data: Connecting Data Science with Process Science

As more and more companies are embracing Big data, it has become apparent that the ultimate challenge is to relate massive amounts of event data to processes that are highly dynamic. To unleash the value of event data, events need to be tightly connected to the control and management of operational processes. However, the primary focus of Big data technologies is currently on storage, processing, and rather simple analytical tasks. Big data initiatives rarely focus on the improvement of end-to-end processes. To address this mismatch, we advocate a better integration of data science, data technology and process science. Data science approaches tend to be process agonistic whereas process science approaches tend to be model-driven without considering the “evidence” hidden in the data. Process mining aims to bridge this gap. This editorial discusses the interplay between data science and process science and relates process mining to Big data technologies, service orientation, and cloud computing.
The Effects of Antismoking and Cigarette Advertising on Young Adolescents' Perceptions of Peers Who Smoke

Prior research suggests that young adolescents' perceptions of smokers are strongly associated with smoking initiation. Thus, we experimentally investigated the effects of antismoking and cigarette advertising on nonsmoking youths' perceptions (evaluative judgments) of a peer who smokes. Results suggest that exposure to the antismoking ads made salience our seventh-grade subjects' pre-existing beliefs that smokers foolishly endanger their health, which resulted in even less favorable evaluations of the smoker's common sense and personal appeal. Further, unlike subjects who saw unrelated (control) ads, those who saw the antismoking ads judge the smoker to be relatively immature and unglamorous. Exposure to the cigarette ads did not significantly affect scale ratings of, but resulted in more favorable thoughts about, the smoker. Copyright 1994 by the University of Chicago.
Learning different regularities: the acquisition of noun plurals by German-speaking children

The acquisition of German noun plurals was examined on the basis of two-hour spontaneous speech samples from 6 children between 1;4 and 3;8 recorded every 5-6 weeks, and from 15 children recorded every 20 weeks. Adult speech was also sampled. Onset of use of plural forms was early, with variation in individual growth rates of type frequencies. Children used the different German plural markings from early on. Growth rates of type frequencies per different plural class corresponded to adult frequencies, with -n and -e plurals displaying fastest growth. At age 2;10 relative type frequencies per plural class differed from adult use, but not at age 3;8. Errors were produced from the beginning, with high error rates. Major error types, -n, -s, partial marking, and no marking did not differ in frequencies. Error patterns reflected the regularities of the German plural marking system.
Isolated Single Iron Atoms Anchored on N-Doped Porous Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

The development of low-cost, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is desirable but remains a great challenge. Herein, we made a highly reactive and stable isolated single-atom Fe/N-doped porous carbon (ISA Fe/CN) catalyst with Fe loading up to 2.16 wt %. The catalyst showed excellent ORR performance with a half-wave potential (E1/2 ) of 0.900 V, which outperformed commercial Pt/C and most non-precious-metal catalysts reported to date. Besides exceptionally high kinetic current density (Jk ) of 37.83 mV cm-2 at 0.85 V, it also had a good methanol tolerance and outstanding stability. Experiments demonstrated that maintaining the Fe as isolated atoms and incorporating nitrogen was essential to deliver the high performance. First principle calculations further attributed the high reactivity to the high efficiency of the single Fe atoms in transporting electrons to the adsorbed OH species.
Important components to create personal working alliances with clients in the mental health sector to support the recovery process

Personligt ombud (PO) is a Swedish version of case management that aims to support individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Guidelines to the PO service emphasize the different role that the PO plays with respect to the relationship with clients. The aim of this study was to investigate the components that POs found to be important in the relationship with clients. Telephone interviews with 22 POs across Sweden were carried out. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The relationship with each client was described as the foundation of the POs’ work; it was the only ‘tool’ they had. The findings were reflected in a main theme, which showed the importance of creating personal working alliances with each client where POs put the client at the center of the work and adjusted their support according to the client’s needs at the time. Important components were that the PO and the client trusted each other, that the power between the PO and the client was balanced, and to be a personal support. Many of the components that POs found to be important are shown as essential in recovery-oriented services. POs followed the client in the process and remained as long as necessary and this is one way of bringing hope to the client’s recovery process. However, the personal tone can be fraught with difficulties and to maintain professionalism, it is necessary to reflect, through discussions with colleagues, with the leader and in supervision.
Differences Among Preferred Methods for Furthering Aging Education in Ohio

Workers serving Ohio's aging population will require increased levels of gerontological education. Using data from 55 Ohio counties, this project investigated the educational needs and reasons for seeking education from professionals in aging. Respondents reported interest in attaining aging related education. Preferred delivery methods included web based and interactive satellite instruction. Continuing education credit was preferred over college credit even though a high percentage indicated a desire for an additional degree (69.8%). Despite over 30 years of Ohio's universities providing aging related education, 58.6% of respondents have no formal aging related training, and 11.7% have only a single course in aging. Gerontological topics that most interested participants in an area for further understanding were Alzheimer's/dementia, medication, and mental health issues.
Long-Term Assessment of Posterolateral Ligament Femoral-Fibular Reconstruction in Chronic Multiligament Unstable Knees

Background: The authors previously reported the initial results of a femoral-fibular posterolateral reconstruction in which an Achilles tendon allograft was passed through a fibular tunnel adjacent to the anatomical fibular attachment site of the fibular collateral ligament and a femoral tunnel anterior and posterior to its femoral attachment site. Purpose: To compare the short-term results (mean, 3.5 years) to the long-term results (mean, 14 years) of posterolateral femoral-fibular knee ligament reconstructions in regard to restoration of posterolateral knee stability. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The authors report on 21 patients who underwent a posterolateral femoral-fibular reconstruction after sustaining multiligament ruptures with chronic instability. The results were determined by a comprehensive knee examination, stress radiographs, standing posteroanterior radiographs, knee arthrometer testing, the Cincinnati Knee Rating System, and the International Knee Documentation Committee rating system. Results: In the short-term analysis, the posterolateral reconstruction restored normal or nearly normal lateral joint opening and external tibial rotation according to International Knee Documentation Committee criteria in 16 of 21 patients (76%), whereas the other 5 were deemed early failures. Fourteen of these patients were followed 10.0 to 19.4 years postoperatively. Retention of normal or nearly normal lateral joint opening and external tibial rotation was found, and there were no significant differences between evaluations for symptoms, sports and daily activity functions, overall knee ratings, and knee ligament function. At the long-term follow-up evaluation, 71% had no symptoms with low-impact sports. However, concurrent arthritis affected 14% who had symptoms with sports (but no symptoms with daily activities) and 14% who had symptoms with daily activities. Conclusion: The long-term success rate of the femoral-fibular procedure in restoring posterolateral stability warrants consideration of this procedure, particularly in acute cases or when operative time is prolonged and a more simplified procedure is indicated.
REST regulates the pool size of the different neural lineages by restricting the generation of neurons and oligodendrocytes from neural stem/progenitor cells

REST is a master repressor of neuronal genes; however, whether it has any role during nervous system development remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed systematically the role of REST in embryonic stem cells and multipotent neural stem/progenitor (NS/P) cells, including neurogenic and gliogenic NS/P cells derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells or developing mouse embryos. We showed that REST-null ES cells remained pluripotent and generated teratomas consisting of the three germ layers. By contrast, multipotent NS/P cells lacking REST displayed significantly reduced self-renewal capacity owing to reduced cell cycle kinetics and precocious neuronal differentiation. Importantly, although early-born neurogenic NS/P cells that lack REST were capable of differentiating to neurons and glia, the neuronal and oligodendrocytic pools were significantly enlarged and the astrocytic pool was shrunken. However, gliogenic NS/P cells lacking REST were able to generate a normal astrocytic pool size, suggesting that the shrinkage of the astrocytic pool generated from neurogenic NS/P cells lacking REST probably occurs by default. Microarray profiling of early-born NS/P cells lacking REST showed upregulation of neuronal as well as oligodendrocytic genes, specifically those involved in myelination. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that some of the upregulated oligodendrocytic genes contain an RE1 motif and are direct REST targets. Together, our data support a central role for REST during neural development in promoting NS/P cell self-renewal while restricting the generation and maturation of neurons and oligodendrocytes.
Paclitaxel and Ceramide synergistically induce cell death with transient activation of EGFR and ERK pathway in pancreatic cancer cells

Previously, we proposed that combination of paclitaxel and membrane permeable ceramide would enhance the killing of cancer cells, and we reported that combination did increase cell death of head and neck, and leukemic cancer cells. In this study, we used paclitaxel and ceramide at the concentration of clinical relevance to treat pancreatic cancer cells (L3.6 cells). To further understand the mechanism of the synergism of paclitaxel and ceramide, we treated cells with paclitaxel, ceramide, or combo. Westernblot analysis results indicated that the combo synergistically induced ERK and JNK but not P38 and Akt phosphorylation. We also found that the combo induced EGFR phosphorylation in a synergistic manner. Furthermore, we found that paclitaxel, ceramide, or combo‐induced EGFR phosphorylation was inhibited by EGFR inhibitor, PD153035, while paclitaxel, ceramide, or combo‐induced JNK and ERK phosphorylation was blocked by EGFR inhibitor, PD153035 and ERK inhibitor, U0126. Taken together, our results have shown that combination of paclitaxel and ceramide synergistically induced pacreatic cancer cell death through differential activation of EGFR‐mediated MAP kinases. EGFR and ERK inhibitors may further enhance the paclitaxel and ceramide effect.
The Effects of Cued Speech on the Language Development of Three Deaf Children

The language development of three prelingually deaf children was studied in videotapes made monthly from the time of their enrollment in a Cued Speech program. Each child’s communication was analyzed in terms of the frequency of use of gestures, cues, and speech. Length and structure of multi-unit utterances and lexical development were also documented. The data were compared with data previously obtained from the same children while enrolled in an oral education program (Mohay 1982). With the introduction of Cued Speech the frequency with which the children used commuicative gestures dropped dramaticaly without a corresponding increase in speech production. Consequently the overall frequency of their communication was depressed. There was however a slight shift towards the production of longer spoken utterances. Spoken vocabulary showed a significant increase only in the child whose rapid vocabulary acquisition had commenced before her introduction to Cued Speech. The results suggest that the introduction of Cued Speech at an early age does not materially aid the spoken language development of profoundly deaf children.
Intrinsic disorder in measles virus nucleocapsids

The genome of measles virus is encapsidated by multiple copies of the nucleoprotein (N), forming helical nucleocapsids of molecular mass approaching 150 Megadalton. The intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of N (NTAIL) is essential for transcription and replication of the virus via interaction with the phosphoprotein P of the viral polymerase complex. The molecular recognition element (MoRE) of NTAIL that binds P is situated 90 amino acids from the folded RNA-binding domain (NCORE) of N, raising questions about the functional role of this disordered chain. Here we report the first in situ structural characterization of NTAIL in the context of the entire N-RNA capsid. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, small angle scattering, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that NTAIL is highly flexible in intact nucleocapsids and that the MoRE is in transient interaction with NCORE. We present a model in which the first 50 disordered amino acids of NTAIL are conformationally restricted as the chain escapes to the outside of the nucleocapsid via the interstitial space between successive NCORE helical turns. The model provides a structural framework for understanding the role of NTAIL in the initiation of viral transcription and replication, placing the flexible MoRE close to the viral RNA and, thus, positioning the polymerase complex in its functional environment.
Sources of Market Making Profits : Man Does Not Live by Spread Alone

This paper employs a highly detailed data set to analyze the trading profits of futures market makers by decomposing profits into two components, one due to the sale of liquidity and the other due to the impact of price movements. Because our data reports trade direction (buy or sell) we are able to discover several empirical regularities that have not been observable to researchers who must infer trade direction from less extensive data. We find empirical support for standard microstructure theories which maintain that increased asymmetric information is associated with greater customer liquidity costs. However, our data show that the market makers, not the customers, have the information advantage. Finally, our investigations reveal that market makers receive (customers pay) less for trade execution when they make a well-timed (poorly-timed) trade. These observations demonstrate that market makers have both an execution advantage and a timing advantage relative to other market participants, and the data show that they are willing to reduce or eliminate the execution advantage to exploit the information advantage.
On design of a low power wireless hearing aid communication system

Specific aspects of designing a revolutionary low power wireless hearing aid communication system are discussed. A particular set of system requirements is presented first. Next, steps for the design are outlined. These steps involve modeling of the human head and designing packaged antennas for maximum power transfer around and/or through the head. The interface between the antennas and miniaturized ultra low power transceiver is then discussed. Steps to achieve direct matching are explained. Impedance/Efficiency maps are introduced and utilized in system characterization. These maps coupled with the studied electromagnetic behavior serve in defining the operational limits of the system, as well as aiding in assessment of different sensitivities associated with the communication link. Simulated and measured results associated with each design stage are given. Successful operation of this new generation of hearing aid systems is then verified by presenting its measured BER performance.
Resonance scattering, absorption and off-centre abundance peaks in clusters of galaxies

A possible explanation for the central abundance dips found from spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of several groups and clusters of galaxies is resonance scattering. A number of the prominent iron emission lines are resonance lines. We construct a unique spectral model which takes account of resonance scattering for several thousand resonance lines, projection effects, photoelectric absorption, and allows direct spectral fitting. We apply our model to Chandra observations of two clusters with pronounced central abundance dips, Centaurus and Abell 2199. The results show that the effect of resonance scattering on emission from the centre of the cluster can be as much as 30 per cent for the Fe-K resonance lines, and 10 per cent for several Fe-L lines, if turbulence is low. The change to the metallicities obtained by fitting low-resolution CCD spectra is at most 10 per cent. Accounting for resonance scattering does not remove the central dip. Allowing for internal absorption within Centaurus significantly improves the quality of the fits, indicating the presence of absorbing material within the inner 40 kpc of NGC 4696.
Managing “challenging” teachers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ways in which elementary school principals in Israel deal with teachers who are “challenging” in their behaviour, that is those who are perceived as under‐performing. This is an important and under‐researched area of educational management.Design/methodology/approach – Interviews were carried out with 40 elementary school principals, every fourth school being sampled in the northern district of Haifa. They were asked to recall a particularly difficult teacher and their shortcomings and then asked about the measures they took, in chronological order, to solve the problem.Findings – The findings indicated that the principals preferred supportive measures or making changes to the organization rather than confronting the teachers. More than half the principals had started by ignoring the difficulties. In the end most did discuss the situation with the teacher and that sometimes involved direct criticism. In half of the cases the teacher left the school.
The psychometric properties of the Anger Bodily Sensations Questionnaire (ABSQ)

The Anger Bodily Sensations Questionnaire (ABSQ) is a newly developed self-report instrument for measuring bodily sensations related to anger in interpersonal situations. In this study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the ABSQ in a sample of 70 offenders and a sample of 100 secondary vocational students. Results indicated that the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the instrument were good. An explorative factor analysis carried out on the ABSQ data of the combined sample yielded three factors. Support was found for the concurrent validity of the instrument. In both samples, the total score of the ABSQ showed positive correlations with measures of bodily awareness, social anxiety, anger, and aggression. Altogether, results suggest that the ABSQ appears to be a reliable and valid questionnaire. Further research is needed to examine the psychometric properties of the ABSQ in larger offender and non-clinical samples.