Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Factors Affecting the Use of Voluntary Disclosure Information using a Modified Theory of Reasoned Action: A Study in Indonesia

Abstract: Voluntary disclosure information has been a research topic for a long time. However, very few tried to explain it from the investors' point of view. This study attempted to justify the use of voluntary disclosure information by using a modified Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model by adding perceived freedom of physical effort as a third behavior beliefs construct. By using SEM and path analysis, this study found that all three behavior beliefs constructs affect behavior intention to use voluntary disclosure information. Perceived usefulness and perceived freedom of physical effort have a direct effect on behavior intention in using voluntary disclosure information while perceived ease of use is having an indirect impact to behavior intention in using voluntary disclosure information through perceived usefulness. This study has opened a path to a new view of research in voluntary disclosure topic, which is the information-seeking behavior from the investors' point of view. Further study related to this new view can be done to further extend the TRA model in particular to voluntary disclosure information setting Abstract: Pengungkapan informasi sukarela telah menjadi topik penelitian untuk waktu yang lama. Namun, sangat sedikit yang mencoba menjelaskannya dari sudut pandang investor. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk membenarkan penggunaan informasi pengungkapan sukarela dengan menggunakan model Theory Reasoned Action (TRA) yang dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan kebebasan yang dirasakan dari usaha fisik sebagai konstruk keyakinan perilaku ketiga. Dengan menggunakan SEM dan analisis jalur, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ketiga konstruk keyakinan perilaku mempengaruhi niat perilaku untuk menggunakan informasi pengungkapan sukarela. Dirasakan kegunaan dan kebebasan yang dirasakan dari upaya fisik memiliki efek langsung terhadap niat perilaku dalam menggunakan informasi pengungkapan sukarela sementara persepsi kemudahan penggunaan memiliki dampak tidak langsung dengan niat perilaku dalam menggunakan informasi pengungkapan sukarela melalui kegunaan yang dirasakan. Studi ini telah membuka jalan untuk pandangan baru penelitian dalam topik pengungkapan sukarela, yang merupakan perilaku pencarian informasi dari sudut pandang investor. Studi lebih lanjut terkait dengan pandangan baru ini dapat dilakukan untuk lebih memperluas model TRA khususnya untuk pengaturan informasi pengungkapan sukarela.
Urine in Clinical Proteomics*

Urine has become one of the most attractive biofluids in clinical proteomics as it can be obtained non-invasively in large quantities and is stable compared with other biofluids. The urinary proteome has been studied by almost any proteomics technology, but mass spectrometry-based urinary protein and peptide profiling has emerged as most suitable for clinical application. After a period of descriptive urinary proteomics the field is moving out of the discovery phase into an era of validation of urinary biomarkers in larger prospective studies. Although mainly due to the site of production of urine, the majority of these studies apply to the kidney and the urinary tract, but recent data show that analysis of the urinary proteome can also be highly informative on non-urogenital diseases and used in their classification. Despite this progress in urinary biomarker discovery, the contribution of urinary proteomics to the understanding of the pathophysiology of disease upon analysis of the urinary proteome is still modest mainly because of problems associated to sequence identification of the biomarkers. Until now, research has focused on the highly abundant urinary proteins and peptides, but analysis of the less abundant and naturally existing urinary proteins and peptides still remains a challenge. In conclusion, urine has evolved as one of the most attractive body fluids in clinical proteomics with potentially a rapid application in the clinic.
Linear space-time modulation in multiple-antenna channels

This thesis develops linear space–time modulation techniques for (multi-antenna) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and multiple-input single-output (MISO) wireless channels. Transmission methods tailored for such channels have recently emerged in a number of current and upcoming standards, in particular in 3G and “beyond 3G” wireless systems. Here, these transmission concepts are approached primarily from a signal processing perspective. The introduction part of the thesis describes the transmit diversity concepts included in the WCDMA and cdma2000 standards or standard discussions, as well as promising new transmission methods for MIMO and MISO channels, crucial for future high data-rate systems. A number of techniques developed herein have been adopted in the 3G standards, or are currently being proposed for such standards, with the target of improving data rates, signal quality, capacity or system flexibility. The thesis adopts a model involving matrix-valued modulation alphabets, with different dimensions usually defined over spaceand time. The symbol matrix is formed as a linear combination of symbols, and the space-dimension is realized by using multiple transmit and receive antennas. Many of the transceiver concepts and modulation methods developed herein provide both spatial multiplexing gain and diversity gain. For example, full-diversity full-rate schemes are proposed where the symbol rate equals the number of transmit antennas. The modulation methods are developed for open-loop transmission. Moreover, the thesis proposes related closed-loop transmission methods, where space–time modulation is combined either with automatic retransmission or multiuser scheduling.
Taiwanese university students’ smartphone use and the privacy paradox

With the prevalence of smart devices and wireless Internet, privacy has become a pivotal matter in governmental, academic, and technological fields. Our study aims to understand Taiwanese university students’ privacy concerns and protective behaviours in relation to online targeting ads and their habitual smartphone usage. Surveying 810 valid subjects, our results first propose that ad relevance has direct bearing on attention to ads. Second, ad relevance inversely correlates with privacy concerns (i.e. descending personal control and surging corporate power) and protective behaviours (self-filtering and ad evasion). Third and finally, neither privacy concerns nor protective behaviours have a negative bearing on habitual smartphone usage. Opposite to previous research, our study concludes that Taiwanese college students exhibit zero privacy paradox, owing to no signs of privacy concern incited by mobile targeting ads, no evidence of significant protective behaviours, and no decreasing habitual smartphone usage out of privacy concern and protection. Our findings indicate Taiwanese university students’ shaky awareness of potential risks and crises from exposure to vulnerable online privacy management. To deal with this, we suggest educating youths’ understandings of digital jeopardy by experts is urgently needed more so than just technical tutorials of privacy settings. Con la prevalencia de dispositivos inteligentes e Internet inalámbrico, la privacidad se ha convertido en un tema esencial en materias gubernamentales, académicas y tecnológicas. Nuestro estudio se dedica específicamente a entender las preocupaciones de los estudiantes universitarios taiwaneses en privacidad y comportamientos protectores en relación con la publicidad online y el uso habitual de teléfonos inteligentes. Con 810 muestras válidas encuestadas, nuestros resultados revelan que: 1) La relevancia de la publicidad tiene un efecto directo en su atención; 2) Está asociada inversamente a las preocupaciones de privacidad (por ejemplo, control personal descendiente y poder corporativo ascendiente) y comportamientos protectores (evasión de anuncios y autocensura); 3) La preocupación por ña privacidad ni los comportamientos protectores tuvieron efecto negativo en el uso habitual de los smartphones. Nuestro estudio concluye que no hay paradojas de la privacidad halladas en estos jóvenes taiwaneses debido a cambios en su preocupación por la privacidad, generada por la publicidad personalizada en su móvil. Ello evidencia un cambio significativo en los comportamientos protectores. En suma, estos universitarios taiwaneses tienen una débil apreciación de los riesgos potenciales y crisis a los que una vulnerable gestión de la privacidad online les podría exponer. Para abordarlo, una educación que cultive la comprensión de los peligros digitales para los jóvenes es muy recomendable y requiere urgentemente tutoriales técnicos sobre privacidad.
Poorer clock draw test scores are associated with greater functional impairment in peripheral artery disease: The Walking and Leg Circulation Study II

We hypothesized that, in the absence of clinically recognized dementia, cognitive dysfunction measured by the clock draw test (CDT) is associated with greater functional impairment in men and women with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Participants were men and women aged 60 years and older with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores ≥ 24 with PAD (n = 335) and without PAD (n = 234). We evaluated the 6-minute walk test, 4-meter walking velocity at usual and fastest pace, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and accelerometer-measured physical activity. CDTs were scored using the Shulman system as follows: Category 1 (worst): CDT score 0—2; Category 2: CDT score 3; Category 3 (best): CDT score 4—5. Results were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, ankle—brachial index (ABI), and comorbidities. In individuals with PAD, lower CDT scores were associated with slower 4-meter usual-paced walking velocity (Category 1: 0.78 meters/second; Category 2: 0.83 meters/second; Category 3: 0.86 meters/second; p-trend = 0.025) and lower physical activity (Category 1: 420 activity units; Category 2: 677 activity units; Category 3: 701 activity units; p-trend = 0.045). Poorer CDT scores were also associated with worse functional performance in individuals without PAD (usual and fast-paced walking velocity and SPPB, p-trend = 0.022, 0.043, and 0.031, respectively). In conclusion, cognitive impairment identified with CDT is independently associated with greater functional impairment in older, dementia-free individuals with and without PAD. Longitudinal studies are necessary to explore whether baseline CDT scores and changes in CDT scores over time can predict long-term decline in functional performance in individuals with and without PAD.
Donald Trump, Populism, and the Age of Extremes: Comparing the Personality Traits and Campaigning Styles of Trump and Other Leaders Worldwide

A common narrative portrays Donald Trump as impetuous and quick to anger, thin skinned, constantly lying, brazen, vulgar, and boasting a grandiose sense of self and his accomplishments. Little systematic evidence exists that this is the case, however. With a novel data set based on expert ratings, we (1) provide systematic empirical evidence about Trump’s personality profile, (2) contrast his profile with 21 other populist leaders and 82 mainstream candidates having competed in recent elections worldwide, and (3) discuss the implications of such an extreme profile in terms of campaigning style and the use of negative and emotional campaigns. Our results illustrate Trump’s off‐the‐charts personality and campaigning style and suggest that even when compared with other abrasive, narcissistic, and confrontational political figures, he stands out as an outlier among the outliers. We conclude by discussing the implications and potential outcomes of such an extreme personality profile for Trump’s policy style and achievements while in office.
Politicizing Corruption: The Electoral Effects of Anti-Corruption Rhetoric in Europe 1983-2007

This paper analyzes the electoral effects of corruption allegation in parliamentary electoral campaigns in Europe 1983-2007. Firstly, the paper examines the individual parties’ electoral performances and secondly the survival rate of the governments. The results show firstly that parties that accuse their opponents for being corrupt are much more successful than parties that focus on other issues, under control for the position of the party (incumbent or in opposition) and for the actual level of corruption and secondly that governments tend to fall much more frequently when facing corruption charges, again under control for the level of corruption. The analysis also reveals that corruption scandals that are not politicized, i.e. brought up by a political party during the electoral campaign, have a negligent effect on governmental survival rate. Only when the issue is politicized does it have an impact. It thus seems that the politicization of political corruption has an independent effect on the electoral outcome and to a higher extent than previous research suggests.
Similarity-Based SOAP Multicast Protocol to Reduce Bandwith and Latency in Web Services

Web Services technology provided several advantages over other technologies, however it still has serious limitations, including high latency and high protocol overhead. To improve performance, SOAP network traffic needs to be substantially reduced. This paper presents a novel approach, called similarity-based SOAP multicast protocol (SMP), to address the issue of latency. SMP reduces network traffic by aggregating syntactically similar SOAP messages to form a "compact SMP message";. The addresses of clients are encoded as strings in the SMP message header. The similarity of SOAP messages is measured in pairs and is based both on the message template and on the values of each XML tag in the messages. Each XML node in a SOAP message is indexed with an identifier and its position in the SOAP message. Only the indexed form of a SOAP message is sent to clients. Intermediary routers along the paths from server to clients parse the content of each SMP message passing through them and perform necessary operations to forward it to neighbouring routers. Experiments show that SMP can achieve up to 70% reduction in network traffic compared to traditional SOAP unicast.
Virtual view synthesis oriented fast depth video encoding algorithm

A virtual view rendering oriented fast algorithm is proposed to reduce computational complexity of multiview depth video coding. Firstly, the depth image is divided into depth-continuity and depth-discontinuity regions by a macroblock deviation factor. Then, imbalance macroblock mode distribution of depth-continuity regions and effect of image quality degradation in depth-discontinuity regions on virtual view rendering are discussed and analyzed in detail. Finally, the fast algorithm is presented. Two methods are utilized in different regions of depth video. The first method, directly searching SKIP and Intra modes is adopted in smooth regions. The second method which is the same as the JMVM reference software is utilized in depth discontinuous regions. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly promotes the encoding speed of depth video by 3.91∼11.33 times, while maintains high virtual rendering performance in comparison with full search algorithm.
Upregulation of PD-L1 and APE1 is associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of gastric cancer

Introduction Gastric cancer is a fatal malignancy with a rising incidence rate. Effective methods for early diagnosis, monitoring metastasis, and prognosis are currently unavailable for gastric cancer. In this study, we examined the association of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) expression with the prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods The expressions of PD-L1 and APE1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 107 cases of human gastric carcinoma. The correlation of PD-L1 and APE1 expression with the clinicopathologic features of gastric carcinoma was analyzed by SPSS version 19.0. Results The positive expression rates of PD-L1 and APE1 in gastric cancer tissues were 50.5% (54/107) and 86.9% (93/107), respectively. PD-L1 and APE1 positive expressions were significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, pathological type, overall survival, and higher T stage. Furthermore, the expression of PD-L1 in highly differentiated gastric cancers was higher than that in poorly differentiated cancers (P=0.008). Moreover, the expression of APE1 and PD-L1 in gastric cancers was positively correlated (r=0.336, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the depth of invasion was a significant prognostic factor (risk ratio 19.91; P=0.000), but there was no significant relationship with PD-L1, APE1, prognosis, and other characteristics. Conclusion The deregulation of PD-L1 and APE1 might contribute to the development and the poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Our findings suggest that high expression of PD-L1 and APE1 is a risk factor of gastric cancer and a new biomarker to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, our findings suggest that targeting the PD-L1 and APE1 signaling pathways may be a new strategy for cancer immune therapy and targeted therapy for gastric cancer, especially in patients with deep invasion and lymph node metastasis.
Optimal spectrum sharing and power allocation for OFDM-based two-way relaying

The problem of optimally allocating power for half-duplex two-way relaying in an OFDM system is considered. Assuming two-way relay is performed using analog network coding, and with total network power constraint, we obtain the optimal power allocation across subcarriers and among a relay and two communicating nodes to maximize the achievable sum rate in the network. We show that the resulting solution is a combination of two (usually opposite) power allocation strategies, i.e., water-filling across subcarriers and SNR-balancing between communicating end nodes. Further analysis also shows the optimal power allocation on the relay itself is a water-filling solution.
Do non‐response follow‐ups improve or reduce data quality?: a review of the existing literature

Summary. The paper systematically reviews existing literature on the relationship between the level of effort to recruit a sampled person and the measurement quality of survey data. Hypotheses proposed for this relationship are reviewed. Empirical findings for the relationship between level of effort as measured by paradata (the number of follow‐up attempts, refusal conversion and time in the field) and question‐specific item non‐response rates, aggregate measures of item non‐response rates, response accuracy and various measurement errors on attitudinal questions are examined through a qualitative review.
Food-related illness and death in the United States.

correctly identified E. faecium and E. faecalis to the species level, most (4 of 5) did not correctly identify E. gallinarum (three misidentified it as E. casseliflavus and one as E. faecalis). The results of this study are consistent with those of previous studies in the United States (4,5), South America (6), Spain (7), and Mexico (8). Although in countries like Chile, disk diffusion is practical and reliable for most susceptibility testing, detecting low-level vancomycin resistance in enterocci is difficult without supplementary testing. In Chile, as in other countries, strategies should be implemented to improve detection of these strains, including improvement of phenotypical and genotypical methods for VRE detection and species identification. Documentation of proficiency in detecting VRE is important for improving laboratory performance, detecting clinical isolates, and accurate and reliable reporting to local, national, and international surveillance systems.
One bit is enough: A framework for deploying explicit feedback congestion control protocols

In this paper we describe UNO, a framework for fine-grain explicit feedback congestion control protocols that uses only 1 or 2 existing ECN bits, thus making algorithms that use more than 2 bits for encoding the load factor and the RTT immediately deployable. UNO accomplishes this task by changing the way load and RTT information is encoded in packets in a way that is similar to some existing schemes for encoding bottleneck link load. UNO leverages the values present in the IP identification field and trades-off a small amount of time (to send several packets) for space to emulate the existence of several extra bits within the IP header. The results from extensive ns2 simulations over various bandwidth and delay scenarios are encouraging. By using only one ECN bit we achieve substantially lower convergence times and better link utilization than the existing deployable protocols, with similar low queue size and negligible packet loss. With 2 ECN bits, we achieve very good fairness for flows with different RTTs, while keeping all the good characteristics of the 1-bit protocol and providing functionality that did not previously exist.
Acoustic Properties of Porous Coatings for Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Control

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the interaction of acoustic waves with an array of equally spaced two-dimensional microcavities on an otherwise flat plate without external boundary-layer flow. This acoustic scattering problem is important in the design of ultrasonic absorptive coatings for hypersonic laminar flow control. The reflection coefficient, characterizing the ratio of the reflected wave amplitude to the incident wave amplitude, is computed as a function of the acoustic wave frequency and angle of incidence, for coatings of different porosities, at various acoustic Reynolds numbers relevant to hypersonic flight. Overall, the numerical results validate predictions from existing theoretical modeling. In general, the amplitude of the reflection coefficient has local minima at some specific frequencies. A simple model to predict these frequencies is presented. The simulations also highlight the presence of resonant acoustic modes caused by coupling of small-scale scattered waves near the coating surface. Finally, the cavity depth and the porosity are identified as the most important parameters for coating design. Guidelines for the choice of these parameters are suggested.
Productivity Differential and Bilateral Real Exchange Rate between India and US

Using annual data for 1959-2001 for India and USA, we test for the presence of real effects on the equilibrium real exchange rate (the Harrod Balassa Samuelson effect) in a non-linear framework. The real exchange rate is modelled as an exponential smooth transition autoregressive (ESTAR) process where we model the equilibrium real exchange rate as dependent upon differences in real income per capita. We find that higher productivity growth in US is accompanied by appreciation of its real exchange rate vis-a-vis India. We find significant evidence of non-linear mean reversion towards the long run equilibrium. We analyse the non-linear impulse response functions and find the evidence of faster mean reversion with larger shocks.