Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
C-terminal Acidic Cluster Is Involved in Ca2+-induced Regulation of Human Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel*

Background: TRPA1 channel is modulated by Ca2+, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Results: Mutations in the distal C-terminal acidic domain altered Ca2+ dependence of TRPA1. Conclusion: The C-terminal acidic cluster is involved in the Ca2+-induced potentiation and inactivation of TRPA1. Significance: Identification of the Ca2+-dependent domain is important for understanding the role of TRPA1 in chemical nociception. The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel whose activation results from a complex synergy between distinct activation sites, one of which is especially important for determining its sensitivity to chemical, voltage and cold stimuli. From the cytoplasmic side, TRPA1 is critically regulated by Ca2+ ions, and this mechanism represents a self-modulating feedback loop that first augments and then inhibits the initial activation. We investigated the contribution of the cluster of acidic residues in the distal C terminus of TRPA1 in these processes using mutagenesis, whole cell electrophysiology, and molecular dynamics simulations and found that the neutralization of four conserved residues, namely Glu1077 and Asp1080–Asp1082 in human TRPA1, had strong effects on the Ca2+- and voltage-dependent potentiation and/or inactivation of agonist-induced responses. The surprising finding was that truncation of the C terminus by only 20 residues selectively slowed down the Ca2+-dependent inactivation 2.9-fold without affecting other functional parameters. Our findings identify the conserved acidic motif in the C terminus that is actively involved in TRPA1 regulation by Ca2+.
Clinical treatment of corneal infection due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi--case report.

UNLABELLED To report an unusual case of fungus keratitis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi that developed after corneal trauma. CASE REPORT A 18-year-old male presented with a corneal ulcer in the right eye, 28 days after a trauma with glass fragments. Corneal scrapings were collected for smears and culture. Dematiaceous hyphae were seen on wet mounts of the scrapings and dark pigmented colonies grew repetitively on the culture media; all colonies were identical, and were subsequently identified as Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Treatment was initiated with topical natamycin at one hour intervals, 200 mg oral ketoconazole per day and later changed to a combination of 200 mg ketoconazole and amphotericin B. In humid tropical regions Fonsecaea pedrosoi is one of the primary causes of human chronic cutaneous mycosis, chromoblastomycosis. Combination of systemic and topical antifungal medications may provide the best option for cure in corneal chromoblastomycosis.
Identification of an Arsenic Resistance and Arsenic-Sensing System in Campylobacter jejuni

ABSTRACT Arsenic is commonly present in the natural environment and is also used as a feed additive for animal production. Poultry is a major reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni, a major food-borne human pathogen causing gastroenteritis. It has been shown that Campylobacter isolates from poultry are highly resistant to arsenic compounds, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for the resistance have not been determined, and it is unclear if the acquired arsenic resistance affects the susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. to other antimicrobials. In this study, we identified a four-gene operon that contributes to arsenic resistance in Campylobacter. This operon encodes a putative membrane permease (ArsP), a transcriptional repressor (ArsR), an arsenate reductase (ArsC), and an efflux protein (Acr3). PCR analysis of various clinical C. jejuni isolates indicated a significant association of this operon with elevated resistance to arsenite and arsenate. Gene-specific mutagenesis confirmed the role of the ars operon in conferring arsenic resistance. It was further shown that this operon is subject to regulation by ArsR, which directly binds to the ars promoter and inhibits the transcription of the operon. Arsenite inhibits the binding of ArsR to the ars promoter DNA and induces the expression of the ars genes. Mutation of the ars genes did not affect the susceptibility of C. jejuni to commonly used antibiotics. These results identify the ars operon as an important mechanism for arsenic resistance and sensing in Campylobacter.
Psychopathy and Criminogenic Thinking in Adult Male Prisoners

Crime persists in plaguing society, with most crimes committed by repeat offenders. This causes an increase in the incarcerated population and strains correctional systems. Understanding why individuals who have been incarcerated continue to recidivate remains an important focus for investigation. Psychopathic personality traits and criminogenic thinking have both been shown to predict recidivism. However, there is currently little research that focuses on the relationship between these two risk factors, and no prior research has examined this relationship specifically among incarcerated offenders. To address this gap, the present study examined psychopathy and criminogenic thinking among 399 adult males incarcerated in the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Results indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, increased primary and secondary psychopathy significantly predicted increased overall and particular subtypes of criminogenic thinking. Implications for addressing psychopathic personality characteristics and criminogenic thinking conjointly in prison-based treatment programming to reduce recidivism are discussed.
Improved Area-Efficient Weighted Modulo $2^{n} + 1$  Adder Design With Simple Correction Schemes

In this brief, we proposed improved area-efficient weighted modulo 2n + 1 adders. This is achieved by modifying existing diminished-1 modulo 2n + 1 adders to incorporate simple correction schemes. Our proposed adders can produce modulo sums within the range {0, 2n}, which is more than the range {0, 2n - 1} produced by existing diminished-1 modulo 2n + 1 adders. We have implemented the proposed adders using 0.13-¿m CMOS technology, and the area required for our adders is lesser than previously reported weighted modulo 2n + 1 adders with the same delay constraints.
Echocardiographic Study of the Morphology and Growth of the Aortic Arch in the Human Fetus: Observations Related to the Prenatal Diagnosis of Coarctation

BackgroundIn a study of normal and abnormal growth of the aorta before birth, high-resolution echocardiographic imaging of the aortic arch in 92 normal fetuses aged 16–38 weeks was used to establish normal values for aortic arch dimensions at varying gestational ages. Methods and ResultsFrom long-axis views of the aortic arch, the internal diameter of the aortic root, ascending aorta, transverse aortic arch, aortic isthmus, proximal descending thoracic aorta, and left common carotid artery were measured. Correlation coefficients for the diameter of each aortic arch segment when related to gestational age varied from r=0.87 to r=0.94 (p<0.001 for each), and growth curves were derived from the third and 97th percentiles around each linear regression analysis. In most of the fetuses, there was progressive tapering of the aortic arch, with the smallest diameter being at the isthmus. The ratio of the transverse aorta, isthmus, descending aorta, and aortic root to the ascending aorta remained relatively constant with gestational age, with mean values of 0.94, 0.81, 0.96, and 1.13, respectively. In five fetuses in whom a prenatal diagnosis of aortic coarctation was confirmed postnatally, transverse aortic and isthmic measurements fell on or below the third percentile for gestational age from the above data. In each case, the ratio of left common carotid artery to transverse aorta was ≥0.73 compared with ≤0.62 for the 92 normal fetuses (mean ratios, 0.77±0.05 [SD] for coarctation versus 0.48±0.08 for normal fetuses; p ≤0.001). ConclusionsUse of normal growth curves for the developing aortic arch should facilitate the prenatal diagnosis of left heart and aortic arch abnormalities, particularly aortic coarctation, which until recently has been a difficult prenatal diagnosis to make with certainty.
The Effect of Child Support on Selection into Marriage and Fertility

This paper studies the expansion of US child support policies from 1977 to 1992 and its consequences for marriage and fertility decisions. I develop a model showing that child support enforces ex ante commitment from men to provide financial support in the event of a child, which (1) increases premarital sex among couples unlikely to marry and (2) reduces the abortion rate by reducing the cost of child-rearing to single moms. Using variation in the rollout relative to the timing of nonmarital pregnancy, I find that child support policies reduced the likelihood of marriage and reduced the abortion rate.
The Problem of Confounding in Studies of the Effect of Maternal Drug Use on Pregnancy Outcome

In most epidemilogical studies, the problem of confounding adds to the uncertainty in conclusions drawn. This is also true for studies on the effect of maternal drug use on birth defect risks. This paper describes various types of such confounders and discusses methods to identify and adjust for them. Such confounders can be found in maternal characteristics like age, parity, smoking, use of alcohol, and body mass index, subfertility, and previous pregnancies including previous birth of a malformed child, socioeconomy, race/ethnicity, or country of birth. Confounding by concomitant maternal drug use may occur. A geographical or seasonal confounding can exist. In rare instances, infant sex and multiple birth can appear as confounders. The most difficult problem to solve is often confounding by indication. The problem of confounding is less important for congenital malformations than for many other pregnancy outcomes.
Deciphering the role of Nuclear Factor-κB in cellular senescence

Cellular senescence is a program of irreversible cell cycle arrest that cells undergo in response to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli including progressive shortening of telomeres, changes in telomeric structure or other forms of genotoxic and non-genotoxic stress. The role of nuclear factor-κB in cellular senescence is controversial, as it has been associated with both proliferation and tumour progression, and also with growth arrest and ageing. This research perspective focuses on the evidence for a functional relationship between NF-κB and senescence, and how disruption of the NF-κB pathway can lead to its bypass.
Developmental Systems and Inequality

Since the late 1990s, scholars have advocated for the adoption of political-economic approaches in biological anthropology. Despite this, the explicit application of these perspectives remains relatively rare. In this paper we argue for greater investment in this field of inquiry and advocate linking evolutionary-developmental and political-economic approaches to the study of human biology. We begin by discussing the historical development of human biology and the emergence of biocultural approaches in biological and medical anthropology. We then discuss evolutionary approaches grounded in phenotypic plasticity as an important framework for linking culture and biology. Finally, we consider the implications of culture theory based in political economy for building and expanding biocultural models. In particular, we examine the importance of inequality in structuring access to the means of cultural production and the creation of self-reinforcing norms. We finish with a discussion of the implications of these conclusions for future research.
Prevention of Infective Endocarditis

Background— The purpose of this statement is to update the recommendations by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of infective endocarditis that were last published in 1997. Methods and Results— A writing group was appointed by the AHA for their expertise in prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis, with liaison members representing the American Dental Association, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The writing group reviewed input from national and international experts on infective endocarditis. The recommendations in this document reflect analyses of relevant literature regarding procedure-related bacteremia and infective endocarditis, in vitro susceptibility data of the most common microorganisms that cause infective endocarditis, results of prophylactic studies in animal models of experimental endocarditis, and retrospective and prospective studies of prevention of infective endocarditis. MEDLINE database searches from 1950 to 2006 were done for English-language papers using the following search terms: endocarditis, infective endocarditis, prophylaxis, prevention, antibiotic, antimicrobial, pathogens, organisms, dental, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus, respiratory, dental surgery, pathogenesis, vaccine, immunization, and bacteremia. The reference lists of the identified papers were also searched. We also searched the AHA online library. The American College of Cardiology/AHA classification of recommendations and levels of evidence for practice guidelines were used. The paper was subsequently reviewed by outside experts not affiliated with the writing group and by the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. Conclusions— The major changes in the updated recommendations include the following: (1) The Committee concluded that only an extremely small number of cases of infective endocarditis might be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures even if such prophylactic therapy were 100% effective. (2) Infective endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures is reasonable only for patients with underlying cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk of adverse outcome from infective endocarditis. (3) For patients with these underlying cardiac conditions, prophylaxis is reasonable for all dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa. (4) Prophylaxis is not recommended based solely on an increased lifetime risk of acquisition of infective endocarditis. (5) Administration of antibiotics solely to prevent endocarditis is not recommended for patients who undergo a genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract procedure. These changes are intended to define more clearly when infective endocarditis prophylaxis is or is not recommended and to provide more uniform and consistent global recommendations.
Envelope-responsive neurons in areas 17 and 18 of cat.

1. Single cortical neurons are known to respond to visual stimuli containing Fourier components only in a narrow range of spatial frequencies. This investigation demonstrates that some neurons in cat area 17 and 18 can also respond to certain stimuli that have no Fourier components inside the cell's luminance spatial frequency passband. 2. To study such "non-Fourier" responses, we used envelope stimuli that consisted of a high-spatial-frequency sinusoidal luminance grating (carrier) whose contrast was modulated by a low-spatial frequency sine wave (envelope). There was no Fourier component at the apparent periodicity of the envelope spatial frequency. However, some cells responded to such a "phantom" component of the envelope modulation when it fell inside the cell's luminance spatial frequency passband while all the real Fourier components in the stimuli were outside. 3. We conducted extensive control experiments to eliminate the possibility of producing artifactual responses to the envelope stimuli due to any small residual nonlinearity of the z-linearized CRT screen. The control experiments included 1) testing of screen linearity to ensure that the effect from the residual screen nonlinearity was no larger than the sensitivity level of visual responses and 2) comparing the responses to envelope stimuli with the responses to the equivalent contrast of the artifact produced by the screen nonlinearity. All these control experiments indicated that any effect of screen nonlinearity did not contribute significantly to the neural envelope responses. 4. We performed a statistical analysis to obtain an index of relative strength of envelope responses for each cell and to objectively classify cells as "envelope-responsive" or "non-envelope-responsive. "(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A mixed noise removal algorithm based on the maximum entropy principle

This paper proposes a novel method for image denoising based on the maximum entropy principle. For an image corrupted by Gaussian and impulse noise, impulse noise with high value is detected first using rank statistics, and then removed by a local Gaussian filter. To remove the noise left, an improved self-adaptive non-local filter, with the weights obtained based on the maximum entropy principle, is performed. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach has significant ability to remove any mix of Gaussian and impulse noise in terms of quantitatively image evaluation and qualitatively visual effect.
TD-CDM-OFDM: Evolution of TD-SCDMA toward 4G

TD-SCDMA, which is the "homemade" 3G standard in China, has received considerable attention and is believed to play a critical role in the development of China's mobile communication. Meanwhile, advanced MIMO and OFDM techniques shed light on the feasibility of high-performance 4G broadband systems. We discuss an evolutionary path of TD-SCDMA toward 4G systems in this article, which combines the existing advanced traits in TD-SCDMA with new features for broadband wireless communication systems.
Protected zone ventilation and reduced personal exposure to airborne cross-infection.

The main objective of this study was to examine the performance of protected zone ventilation (PZV) and hybrid protected zone ventilation (HPZV) to reduce the direct exposure to exhaled air from others' breathing. Experimental measurements are carried out to test the performance of PZV in a full-scale office room with two breathing thermal manikins. The measurements were performed under three configurations, including two standing manikins at different distances: 0.35, 0.5, and 1.1 m. When the supply air velocity is increased to 4 m/s in the downward plane jet, the dimensionless concentration is 40% lower than for fully mixed ventilation, which can be considered as a measure of protection from the zoning condition. The measurement results showed that in both the PZV and the HPZV system it is possible to decrease the transmission of tracer gas from one manikin to the opposite manikin; therefore, it probably would reduce the risk of air borne cross-infection between two people at the same relative positions. The results suggest that PZV and HPZV may be used to reduce the exposure of people in a protected zone from indoor pollutants emitted in a source zone.
A Probabilistic Information Fusion Approach to MR-based Automated Diagnosis of Dementia

In this work, we present a probabilistic information fusion approach for the diagnosis of dementia from cross-sectional magnetic resonance (MR) images. The approach relies on first mapping the outputs of a support vector classifier (SVM) trained on image features to probabilities and then on combining these probabilities with the class-conditional distributions of neuropsychiatric test scores, such as the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). The SVM classifier is trained and tested on 121 subjects drawn from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) database. Two independent sets of MMSE related statistics are estimated from data, one from the training set in OASIS and the other from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The probabilistic fusion of image-based SVM decisions with no visual MMSE information exhibits very steep receiver operating characteristic curves on the test set; giving, at the equal error rate operating point, 92% accuracy.
Religiosity as a buffer against suicidal ideation: a comparison between Christian and Muslim-Arab adolescents

The majority of existing studies on the impact of religious beliefs on adolescents’ suicidal ideation have been conducted among Christians living in Western countries. This study explored the association between religious beliefs and suicidal thoughts among Muslim and Christian adolescents from the Arab minority population of the State of Israel. An estimated 219 late-adolescents participated in this study, including 110 Muslims and 99 Christians, with the same proportion of boys and girls. Participants completed questionnaires on reasons for living, suicidal ideation and religiosity. A significant negative correlation (r = −.33) was found between level of religiosity and suicidal ideation, but only among the Christian adolescents. Religious devoutness may not be a universal buffer against suicidal ideation, across different religions.
Habitat–performance relationships of a large mammal on a predator‐free island dominated by humans

Abstract The demographic consequences of changes in habitat use driven by human modification of landscape, and/or changes in climate, are important for any species. We investigated habitat–performance relationships in a declining island population of a large mammal, the moose (Alces alces), in an environment that is predator‐free but dominated by humans. We used a combination of demographic data, knowledge of habitat selection, and multiannual movement data of female moose (n = 17) to understand how space use patterns affect fecundity and calf survival. The calving rate was 0.64 and was similar to calving rates reported in other populations. Calf survival was 0.22 (annually) and 0.32 (postsummer), which are particularly low compared to other populations where postsummer survival is typically above 0.7. Home ranges were mainly composed of arable land (>40%), and selection for arable land was higher in winter than in summer, which contrasts with previous studies. Females that spent more time in broadleaf forest in the summer prior to the rut had higher fecundity rates, while more time spent in arable land resulted in lower fecundity rates. Females that spent more time in thicket/scrubland habitats during winter had lower calf survival, while females that had higher use of mixed forests tended to have higher calf survival. The dominance, and subsequent use, of suboptimal foraging habitats may lead to poor body condition of females at parturition, which may lower calf body weights and affect the mother's ability to lactate. In addition, our results indicated that the growing season has advanced significantly in recent decades, which may be causing a mismatch between parturition and optimal resource availability. These effects may exacerbate the female's ability to meet the energetic demands of lactation. Therefore, the observed low calf survival appears to be caused by a combination of factors related to current land use and may also be due to changing vegetation phenology. These results have important implications for the management of species in human‐dominated landscapes in the face of climate change, and for an increased understanding of how species may adapt to future land use and climate change.
Registration of colored 3D point clouds with a Kernel-based extension to the normal distributions transform

We present a new algorithm for scan registration of colored 3D point data which is an extension to the normal distributions transform (NDT). The probabilistic approach of NDT is extended to a color-aware registration algorithm by modeling the point distributions as Gaussian mixture-models in color space. We discuss different point cloud registration techniques, as well as alternative variants of the proposed algorithm. Results showing improved robustness of the proposed method using real-world data acquired with a mobile robot and a time-of-flight camera are presented.