Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid‐organ malignancy as a risk factor for tuberculosis

Background and objective: The effective control of tuberculosis (TB) requires that people at high risk for the reactivation of TB are identified. Haematological malignancy has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of TB, either through immune suppression by the tumour or through the effects of chemotherapy. This study assessed the hypothesis that solid‐organ malignancy is a risk factor for the development of TB.
Students' experiences of learning in a third-year management accounting class: Evidence from New Zealand

Abstract An extensive body of literature in higher education (for example, Marton and Säljö, 1984; Prosser and Trigwell, 1999) explores learning from the perspectives of students. Säljö (1979) formed the basis of Sharma's (1997) first study exploring accountancy students' conceptions of learning. Using an open-ended questionnaire administered to third-year management accounting students, this paper investigates accountancy students' conceptions of learning, and extends Sharma's (1997) study by examining the relationship between conceptions of and approaches to learning, and more specifically students' contextual experiences of learning in lectures and tutorials. Findings indicate that, while some students seek understanding as an outcome of their learning, the majority perceive learning quantitatively in terms of knowledge acquisition, reproduction and application. A new classification of the locus of responsibility for learning as perceived by students suggests that a more distributed concept of responsibility might result in enhanced learning outcomes.
Getting Real: Stakeholder Theory, Managerial Practice, and the General Irrelevance of Fiduciary Duties Owed to Shareholders

Abstract: Stakeholder theorists have generally misunderstood the nature and ramifications of the fiduciary responsibilities that corporate directors owe their stockholders. This fiduciary duty requires the exercise of care, loyalty, and honesty with regard to the financial interests of stockholders. Such obligations do not conflict with the normative goals of stakeholder theory, nor, after a century of case law that includes Dodge Bros. v. Ford, do fiduciary responsibilities owed shareholders prevent managerial policies that are generous or sensitive to other corporate stakeholders. The common law recognizes a multitude of legal relationships between various corporate constituents, and fiduciary duties are only a subset of the obligations that arise from these relationships. This article argues that statute and case law can bring comparable legal protection to constituents other than stockholders, and suggests ways that these protections might be further strengthened. Implications for management education are also discussed.
Nonprofit Managers’ Motivational Styles

Contemporary nonprofit management research generally assumes that nonprofit managers are intrinsically motivated and has disproportionally emphasized the importance of intrinsic motivation. This is misleading as individuals can be simultaneously propelled by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. By testing variables from the NASP-III data set and employing self-determination theory (SDT), the author obtained the following findings. First, nonprofit managers’ motivational styles fall into five different categories as suggested in SDT. Second, their external motivation (e.g., a desire for pay and security), a type of extrinsic motivation, is not necessarily weaker than their intrinsic motivation. Finally, the five categories vary in their relationships with their job satisfaction, job involvement, and pride working for the current organization. The author urges scholars to pay more attention to nonprofit managers’ multidimensional motivational styles.
Program Choices of Multichannel Broadcasters Supply and Diversity of Program in the Netherlands

Previous research on the Dutch television market suggested that limited increases in channel numbers result in moderate competition, which improves diversity, while larger increases result in ruinous competition, which reduces diversity. This paper investigates that proposition. It explores (a) whether the changes in competitive conduct of broadcasters in the Netherlands in the 1990s reflect a shift from moderate to ruinous competition; (b) whether this shift explains why diversity first increased and subsequently declined; and (c) whether this shift can be attributed to changes in the number of channels, concentration of channel ownership, and the balance between public and commercial channels.
THE CARMA PAIRED ANTENNA CALIBRATION SYSTEM: ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR MILLIMETER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAPPING THE ULTRALUMINOUS GALAXY ARP 193

Phase fluctuations introduced by the atmosphere are the main limiting factor in attaining diffraction limited performance in extended interferometric arrays at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. We report the results of C-PACS, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy Paired Antenna Calibration System. We present a systematic study of several hundred test observations taken during the 2009–2010 winter observing season where we utilize CARMA's eight 3.5 m antennas to monitor an atmospheric calibrator while simultaneously acquiring science observations with 6.1 and 10.4 m antennas on baselines ranging from a few hundred meters to ∼2 km. We find that C-PACS is systematically successful at improving coherence on long baselines under a variety of atmospheric conditions. We find that the angular separation between the atmospheric calibrator and target source is the most important consideration, with consistently successful phase correction at CARMA requiring a suitable calibrator located ≲6° away from the science target. We show that cloud cover does not affect the success of C-PACS. We demonstrate C-PACS in typical use by applying it to the observations of the nearby very luminous infrared galaxy Arp 193 in 12CO(2-1) at a linear resolution of ≈70 pc (0.″12 × 0.″18), 3 times better than previously published molecular maps of this galaxy. We resolve the molecular disk rotation kinematics and the molecular gas distribution and measure the gas surface densities and masses on 90 pc scales. We find that molecular gas constitutes ∼30% of the dynamical mass in the inner 700 pc of this object with a surface density ∼104 M⊙ pc−2; we compare these properties to those of the starburst region of NGC 253.
Proceedings of the Workshop Semantic Content Acquisition and Representation ( SCAR ) 2007

Given a target word wi to be disambiguated, we define a class of local contexts for wi such that the sense of wi is univocally determined. We call such local contexts sense discriminative and represent them with sense discriminative (SD) patterns of lexico-syntactic features. We describe an algorithm for the automatic acquisition of minimal SD patterns based on training data in SemCor. We have tested the effectiveness of the approach on a set of 30 highly ambiguous verbs. Results compare favourably with the ones produced by a SVM word sense disambiguation system based on bag of words.
Use of turkey red blood cells in the passive haemagglutination test for studying tetanus immunity.

Passive haemagglutination (HA) assays were performed using turkey red blood cells (TRBC-HA) on sera from normal healthy people, from normal people previously immunized against tetanus, and from tetanus patients receiving human antitetanus immunoglobulins. The TRBC-HA test was compared with haemagglutination assays using sheep red blood cells (SRBC-HA) and with the neutralization (NT) test, and was found to be more sensitive than the SRBC-HA test and showed good correlation with the NT test.While the SRBC-HA assay calls for adsorption of sheep red blood cell agglutinins from the sera to be tested, the use of turkey red blood cells does not require any such adsorption. In addition, the TRBC-HA assay can be performed in 40 minutes compared with 6 hours for the SRBC-HA assay. All these advantages make the TRBC-HA assay a more useful test for screening large numbers of sera in the evaluation of tetanus immunity of normal people and of patients with wounds when seen in the emergency room of hospitals.
Classical Spinning Branes in Curved Backgrounds

The dynamics of a classical branelike object in a curved background is derived from the covariant stress-energy conservation of the brane matter. The world sheet equations and boundary conditions are obtained in the pole-dipole approximation, where nontrivial brane thickness gives rise to its intrinsic angular momentum. It is shown that intrinsic angular momentum couples to both, the background curvature and the brane orbital degrees of freedom. The whole procedure is manifestly covariant with respect to spacetime diffeomorphisms and world sheet reparametrizations. In addition, two extra gauge symmetries are discovered and utilized. The examples of the point particle and the string in 4 spacetime dimensions are analyzed in more detail. A particular attention is paid to the Nambu-Goto string with massive spinning particles attached to its ends.
APOBEC3G Subunits Self-associate via the C-terminal Deaminase Domain*

Human APOBEC3G (hA3G) is a cytidine deaminase active on HIV single-stranded DNA. Small angle x-ray scattering and molecular envelope restorations predicted a C-terminal dimeric model for RNA-depleted hA3G in solution. Each subunit was elongated, suggesting that individual domains of hA3G are solvent-exposed and therefore may interact with other macromolecules even as isolated substructures. In this study, co-immunoprecipitation and in-cell quenched fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays reveal that hA3G forms RNA-independent oligomers through interactions within its C terminus. Residues 209–336 were necessary and sufficient for homoligomerization. N-terminal domains of hA3G were unable to multimerize but remained functional for Gag and viral infectivity factor (Vif) interactions when expressed apart from the C terminus. These findings corroborate the small angle x-ray scattering structural model and are instructive for development of high throughput screens that target specific domains and their functions to identify HIV/AIDS therapeutics.
An algebraic geometry approach for the computation of all linear feedback Nash equilibria in LQ differential games

In this paper, Linear-Quadratic (LQ) differential games are studied, focusing on the notion of solution provided by linear feedback Nash equilibria. It is well-known that such strategies are related to the solution of coupled algebraic Riccati equations, associated to each player. Herein, we propose an algorithm that, by borrowing techniques from algebraic geometry, allows to recast the problem of computing all stabilizing Nash strategies into that of finding the zeros of a single polynomial function in a scalar variable, regardless of the number of players and the dimension of the state variable. Moreover, we show that, in the case of a scalar two-player differential game, the proposed approach permits a comprehensive characterization - in terms of number and values - of the set of solutions to the associated game.
The safety and efficacy of Onivyde (irinotecan liposome injection) for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer following gemcitabine-based therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients with advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer refractory to gemcitabine based therapy have a dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recently, the FDA approved nanoliposomal irinotecan combined with fluorouracil/folinic acid for such patients based upon results of the NAPOLI-1 study which showed this regimen compared to fluorouracil/folinic acid significantly prolonged progression free survival (3.1 vs. 1.5 months) and overall survival (6.2 vs. 4.1 months). Areas covered: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic characteristics of this novel formulation of irinotecan, its safety profile, and use in a clinical context for patients with pancreatic cancer are reviewed. Expert commentary: Nanoliposomal irinotecan, in combination with 5-FU/folinic acid, represents an important step forward in improving second line treatment options in patients with progression of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the novel drug formulation offers pharmacokinetic advantages which serve as a basis for further clinical testing in a various pancreatic cancer settings and other malignancies.
Reproducer Classification Using the Theory of Affordances

We present a new approach to the classification of reproducers based on an affordance theory of reproductive behaviour. First, we define the notion of an affordance as an action that one object in an environment can perform for another object. Using this ontology we can classify the reproducer space according to the presence (or absence) of a self-description and/or reproductive machinery. We give examples of how various reproducers (both natural and artificial) can be categorised, and show how this ontology can be used to separate trivial from non-trivial examples of reproduction. With a worked example we show how we might use this approach to classify computer viruses, and gain insight into their reproductive reliance on external agency. Finally, we conjecture that reproduction requires a self-description and a reproductive mechanism, whether it is supplied from within or from an external agent
p16 Expression in Conventional and Desmoplastic Trichilemmomas

The expression of p16 in cutaneous neoplasms is upregulated in melanocytic neoplasms, ultraviolet radiation-induced neoplasms, such as actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomas, and in lesions related to human papillomavirus, such as Bowen's disease and bowenoid papulosis. In cervical dysplasia and tonsillar carcinoma, there is such a close relationship between p16 and human papillomavirus (HPV) to the extent that p16 immunostaining is used as a surrogate marker for the presence of HPV proteins. In this study we were interested in the expression pattern of p16 in trichilemmomas. Twenty-six conventional and 19 desmoplastic trichilemmomas were immunohistochemically stained for p16. p16 immunostaining was noted in the majority of conventional (80.8%) and desmoplastic trichilemmomas (73.7%). The staining pattern was both nuclear and cytoplasmic. The staining intensity was more pronounced in the desmoplastic variant. We describe for the first time p16 expression in trichilemmomas and discuss our findings in conjunction with p16 expression found in other cutaneous neoplasms. Additionally, the relationship of p16 to HPV infection is critically evaluated.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND TAIWANESE PUBLIC RELATIONS PRACTITIONERS' JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

The effects of transformational leadership on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of public relations (PR) practitioners were examined within the context of PR companies in Taiwan. PR practitioners (600) were randomly selected from 159 PR firms located in Taipei and sampled. There were 305 usable questionnaires (50% validity rate). Regression analyses indicated that transformational leadership dimensions did have a significant impact on the job satisfaction of PR practitioners. Furthermore, in this study job satisfaction was found to be a mediator of the effects of transformational leadership on the organizational commitment of PR practitioners. The results of this study may provide a managerial reference to assist in enhancing the job satisfaction of PR practitioners as well as their commitment to the organization through improved organizational leadership.
Out-of-Sample Forecast Tests Robust to the Choice of Window Size

This article proposes new methodologies for evaluating economic models’ out-of-sample forecasting performance that are robust to the choice of the estimation window size. The methodologies involve evaluating the predictive ability of forecasting models over a wide range of window sizes. The study shows that the tests proposed in the literature may lack the power to detect predictive ability and might be subject to data snooping across different window sizes if used repeatedly. An empirical application shows the usefulness of the methodologies for evaluating exchange rate models’ forecasting ability.
Familial Essential Thrombocythemia Associated with MPL W515L Mutation in Father and JAK2 V617F Mutation in Daughter

Familial essential thrombocythemia features the acquisition of somatic mutations and an evolution similar to the sporadic form of the disease. Here we report two patients—father and daughter—with essential thrombocythemia who displayed a heterogeneous pattern of somatic mutations. The JAK2 V617F mutation was found in the daughter, while the father harbored the MPL W515L mutation. This case report may constitute further proof that in familial essential thrombocythemia there are other, still undefined, constitutional, inherited genetic factors predisposing to the acquisition of various somatic mutations (e.g., JAK2 V617F and MPL).
The Effect of Grammatical Collocation Instruction on Understanding ESP Texts for Undergraduate Computer Engineering Students

The researcher administered a Comprehensive English Language Test (CELT) to 80 learners and then according to their grades limited them to 60.The subjects were divided into two homogenous groups (30 subjects in control group and 30 subjects in experimental). Then a pretest was administered to both groups. The subjects who played the role of the control group kept pace with the teacher who taught the book named “English for Computer Science”. It should be noted that this group were taught the mentioned book without instructing grammatical collocations (just through a curriculum book). The experimental group was taught the same book through instructing grammatical collocations. Both groups had instruction for sixty- minute periods for ten sessions. To be sure of the effect of the treatment, the researcher tested both groups by using a posttest. The scores on the result of pre and posttest showed the efficiency of the two methods. Finally, a T-test was conducted to examine the differences of the mean test scores of the two groups. The results of the pre and posttest showed a t-value greater than the t-critical. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and we came to this conclusion that grammatical collocation instruction had significant effect on understanding ESP texts for undergraduate computer engineering students.
What Do Computers Do

Few studies using representative methods have explored the effects of computing in a cross section of different kinds of organizations. This study presents results of detailed interviews in a representative sample of some 184 computerized private sector firms. Contrary to some skeptical analyses of computerization, managers of most of these organizations appeared to have shrewd instrumental rationales for their decisions to computerize. Moreover, computerization, once in place, appears to change how organizations are managed by encouraging and supporting higher levels of abstraction in management decision-making and closer, more precise control by management of organizational affairs.
Social Structure and Citizenship: Examining the Impacts of Social Setting, Network Heterogeneity, and Informational Variables on Political Participation

In this study, we develop a model of the interplay between sociostructural determinants of an individual's discussion behavior, such as the setting of primary discussion networks (work, church, and volunteer groups) and the nature of discussion (i.e., level of exposure to non-like-minded ideas), and individual-level outcomes, such as hard news media use, political knowledge, and participation in political processes. In doing so, we synthesize many of the different and sometimes competing models that political communication scholars have used to examine the link between more macroscopic sociological variables and the individual-level behaviors that political scientists often focus on. Data to test our theoretical model come from a national telephone survey conducted in October and November 2002. Our analysis showed that the social setting in which citizens discuss politics is an important antecedent of political participation. Discussion networks as part of volunteer groups, for example, indeed serve as important networks of recruitment. In other words, discussing politics frequently in this setting is positively and directly linked to political activity. The impact of conversational networks in church and work settings on participation, however, is only indirect. In fact, our data show that the impact of church and work networks on political participation is to a significant degree mediated by the different viewpoints that individuals are exposed to when they discuss politics in these settings.
Situated Learning: Conceptualization and Measurement

A focus on the interaction between cognitive schemas and context in situ has been suggested as fundamental in organizational decision making and information interpretation. Past research suggests that the situation and the social interaction that occur during learning at the cognitive level consist of factors that affect the process, but the research lacks a coherent explanation for how those factors affect it. We propose a conceptualization of learning, termed situated learning, which accounts for these factors. By drawing on situated cognition theory, social learning theory, and the theory of mental models, we identify and measure four components of situated learning, that is, thematic focus, cognitive absorption, social structure, and participation. Among the most important lessons for researchers and practitioners is the need to consider learning as a constellation of the four components instead of an indivisible phenomenon. This perspective can enhance our understanding of cognitive processes, such as information interpretation and decision making.
“We Must Not Think Evil of This Man”: A Case Study of Amish and English Forgiveness

Previous research on forgiveness has taken place with little accounting for contextual influence, assuming a rather universal definition and practice across different contexts. Using discourse analysis, this study explores the social construction of forgiveness in media texts by comparing discussions of Amish and English forgiveness. The results of this study problematize a singular, uniform notion of forgiveness, instead framing it as a contextually bounded, discursive phenomenon. This study suggests that an alternative approach to studying forgiveness can shed light on otherwise overlooked dimensions of the forgiveness process.
Shorter side chains optimize helix–helix packing

A systematic study of helix–helix packing in a comprehensive database of protein structures revealed that the side chains inside helix–helix interfaces on average are shorter than those in the noninterface parts of the helices. The study follows our earlier study of this effect in transmembrane helices. The results obtained on the entire database of protein structures are consistent with those obtained on the transmembrane helices. The difference in the length of interface and noninterface side chains is small but statistically significant. It indicates that helices, if viewed along their main axis, statistically are not circular, but have a flattened interface. This effect brings the helices closer to each other and creates a tighter structural packing. The results provide an interesting insight into the aspects of protein structure and folding.