Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization of trigeminal, spinal, and reticular neurons involved in the rat blink reflex

Electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve (SO) induces eyelid closure by activation of orbicularis oculi muscle motoneurons located in the facial motor nucleus (VII). Neurons involved in brainstem central pathways implicated in rat blink reflex were localized by analyzing c‐Fos protein expression after SO stimulation in conjunction with tracing experiments. A retrograde tracer (gold‐horseradish peroxidase [HRP]) was injected into the VII. The distribution patterns of activated c‐Fos‐immunoreactive neurons and of neurons exhibiting both c‐Fos immunoreactivity and gold‐HRP labeling were determined in the sensory trigeminal complex (STC), the cervical spinal cord (C1), and the pontomedullary reticular formation. Within the STC, c‐Fos immunoreactivity labeled neurons in the ipsilateral ventral part of the principal nucleus, the pars oralis and interpolaris, and bilaterally in the pars caudalis. Colocalization of gold‐HRP and c‐Fos immunoreactivity was observed in neurons of ventral pars caudalis layers I–IV and ventral pars interpolaris. In C1, SO stimulation revealed c‐Fos neurons in laminae I–V. After additional injections in VII, the double‐labeled c‐Fos/gold‐HRP neurons were concentrated in laminae IV and V. Although c‐Fos neurons were found throughout the pontomedullary reticular formation, most appeared rostrally around the motor trigeminal nucleus and in the ventral parvocellular reticular nucleus medial to the fiber bundles of the seventh nerve. Caudally, c‐Fos neurons were in the lateral portion of the dorsal medullary reticular field. In addition, these reticular areas contained double‐labeled neurons in electrically stimulated rats that had received gold‐HRP injections in the VII. The presence of double‐labeled neurons in the STC, C1, and the reticular formation implies that these neurons receive sensory information from eyelids and project to the VII. These double‐labeled neurons could then be involved in di‐ or trisynaptic pathways contributing to the blink reflex. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:173–184, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of Association Among Multiple Motivations and Aspects of Achievement in Reading

The present study investigated the multivariate relationships between several aspects of motivation and achievement in reading. Canonical correlation analysis was used to examine patterns of associations for reading information texts in Phase I and for reading literary texts in Phase II. The samples were 923 and 225 seventh graders, respectively. Results revealed three multivariate patterns for information text, whereas one pattern was observed for literary text. An explanation for the difference between reading motivation for information text and literary text is provided based on distinctions between these genres. Additionally, findings showed that undermining motivations predicted students’ reading achievement more strongly than affirming motivations. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Paying for the Party: How College Maintains Inequality

vs. a celebratory tone at graduation was nicely presented. however, one aspect olson could add to his discussion is the lack of faculty members’ presence at their students’ graduation, which is an important responsibility of the faculty’s academic duty. in another example regarding emails, olson’s advice is very telling; “emails are forever” (p. 176). individuals will say something in an email they would never say face-to-face, and that’s the danger of emails. More important and as Olson confirms, how many times have you heard a scenario about “someone who fires off an email in the heat of anger or was simply unaware of how insulting it would sound” (p. 177). olson provides excellent advice in a note regarding our emeriti faculty: “keep our emeriti close and engaged” (p. 179). the subsections on the roles, responsibilities, and experiences of deans and chairs are also helpful, providing a more prescriptive perspective for those considering a move into administration. Finally, olson’s advice on the professional decorum represented in the faculty’s tone and tenor evaluating their dean or chair is essential reading. in other words, personal attacks can be hurtful and demeaning rather than professionally guiding to improve administrators’ performance. while i don’t see olson’s essays and mediations as a reference guide to repair previous leadership debacles and challenges, I do see them as a reflective guide to assist individuals who are contemplating an administrative role. His book may or may not help to develop qualified or competent leaders to fill search pools, but current and future leaders may be well served to understand what to expect; how to prepare; when to act; who to know; why it’s not about pay; and how to avoid common administrative challenges.
The Analysis of Poisoning Cases Presented to the Emergency Department within a One-Year Period

SUMMARY Objectives Intoxication is the emergence of unwanted signs and symptoms in an organism after exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical or organic materials. In our study, we evaluated demographic and etiological factors of adult patients admitted to the emergency department with suicidal or accidental poisoning. Methods This study was conducted retrospectively by using data from the forensics books, protocol notebooks and patient files. Patients over the age of 14 years that were admitted to the Goztepe Training and Research Hospital during a 1-year period (September 2011-September 2012) with poisoning were included in the study. Results A total of 430 patients were included in the study and 278 of those patients were females (64.7%). The male/female (F/M) ratio was 1.82/1 and the mean age of the patients was 27.4±11.75 years. The analyses showed that in 348 patients (80.93%) the cause of poisoning was medicine, in 39 patients (9.06%) alcohol and drugs, in 37 patients (8.6%) rat poison, in 4 patients (0.93%) a caustic substance and organophosphates in 2 patients (0.46%). The highest rate of admittance due to poisoning was seen in July, followed by August and September. When the frequency of admittance was evaluated in terms of seasons: summer had the highest frequency with 35.6%, then autumn with 29.1%, spring with 19.8% and winter with 15.6%. Conclusions The results of our studies are similar to previously reported studies in Turkey. Poisoning cases are more common in women and the most common way of poisoning is by medication. Unlike previous reports from the literature, we found that poisoning was most frequent in the summer.
Accelerated Identification of Proteins by Mass Spectrometry by Employing Covalent Pre-Gel Staining with Uniblue A

Background The identification of proteins by mass spectrometry is a standard method in biopharmaceutical quality control and biochemical research. Prior to identification by mass spectrometry, proteins are usually pre-separated by electrophoresis. However, current protein staining and de-staining protocols are tedious and time consuming, and therefore prolong the sample preparation time for mass spectrometry. Methodology and Principal Findings We developed a 1-minute covalent pre-gel staining protocol for proteins, which does not require de-staining before the mass spectrometry analysis. We investigated the electrophoretic properties of derivatized proteins and peptides and studied their behavior in mass spectrometry. Further, we elucidated the preferred reaction of proteins with Uniblue A and demonstrate the integration of the peptide derivatization into typical informatics tools. Conclusions and Significance The Uniblue A staining method drastically speeds up the sample preparation for the mass spectrometry based identification of proteins. The application of this chemo-proteomic strategy will be advantageous for routine quality control of proteins and for time-critical tasks in protein analysis.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Aqueous Extract of Echium amoenum for Patients with General Anxiety Disorder

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the aqueous extract of Echium amoenum in combination with SSRIs in patients with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The study was an 8-week double-blind randomized clinical trial. Thirty-seven adult outpatients who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for GAD based on the structured clinical interview participated in the trial. In this study, patients were randomly assigned to receive the aqueous extract (500 mg) plus fluoxetine or fluoxetine (20 mg/day) plus placebo. The results showed significant difference between the two groups in the treatment of GAD. Moreover, there was not any significant difference between the two groups in terms of observed side effects. E. amoenum is effective on anxiety disorder, especially in higher dosage, without any serious side effects.
A Novel Role of Brg1 in the Regulation of SRF/MRTFA-dependent Smooth Muscle-specific Gene Expression*

Serum response factor (SRF) is a key regulator of smooth muscle differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA) is a co-activator of SRF that can induce expression of SRF-dependent, smooth muscle-specific genes and actin/Rho-dependent genes, but not MAPK-regulated growth response genes. How MRTFA and SRF discriminate between these sets of target genes is still unclear. We hypothesized that SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, containing Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) or Brahma (Brm), may play a role in this process. Results from Western blotting and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that dominant negative Brg1 blocked the ability of MRTFA to induce expression of smooth muscle-specific genes, but not actin/Rho-dependent early response genes, in fibroblasts. In addition, dominant negative Brg1 attenuated expression of smooth muscle-specific genes in primary cultures of smooth muscle cells. MRTFA overexpression did not induce expression of smooth muscle-specific genes in SW13 cells, which lack endogenous Brg1 or Brm. Reintroduction of Brg1 or Brm into SW13 cells restored their responsiveness to MRTFA. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Brg1, SRF, and MRTFA form a complex in vivo, and Brg1 directly binds MRTFA, but not SRF, in vitro. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that dominant negative Brg1 significantly attenuated the ability of MRTFA to increase SRF binding to the promoters of smooth muscle-specific genes, but not early response genes. Together these data suggest that Brg1/Brm containing SWI/SNF complexes play a critical role in regulating expression of SRF/MRTFA-dependent smooth muscle-specific genes but not SRF/MRTFA-dependent early response genes.
Career intentions of Australian physical education teachers

The purpose of this study was to investigate Australian physical education (PE) teachers’ career intentions and factors influencing their intentions. A sample (N = 234) of Western Australian PE teachers responded to a questionnaire determining PE teachers’ work and the primary motivators for intention to leave the profession. Half (51.3%) of the respondents wanted a change from their current PE teacher job and 39.8% were intending to leave PE teaching. The most frequent reasons for wanting to leave PE related to: non-use of expertise, workload, school administration, and lack of opportunities for personal and professional development. Consideration should be given to mediation strategies that serve to elevate physical educators’ needs satisfaction for teaching autonomy, competence and relatedness. Personal and professional advancement in schools to help maintain all teachers, particularly experienced teachers, appears warranted. PE teachers’ workload is considerable and worthy of review with the intention to extend their use-by-date and retain their experience-enriched expertise.
Cauterization of Central Cornea Induces Recruitment of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II+ Langerhans Cells From Limbal Basal Epithelium

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and characterization of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the rat corneal epithelium and to compare the findings with those obtained earlier in the mouse corneal epithelium. Methods: Normal and cauterized corneal tissues were excised from Wistar rats, and immunofluorescence staining for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD3, CD11c, CD11b, CD45, CD80(B-1), and CD86(B-2) was performed by confocal microscopy. The density of intraepithelial MHC class II+ LCs was quantified. Results: In the normal corneal epithelium, CD11c+ cells were exclusively distributed in the limbal and peripheral areas. Double staining showed that these cells were CD45 and MHC class II positive and B7 (CD80 or CD86) costimulatory molecules, CD11b, and CD3 negative, exhibiting a dendritic cell phenotype. In cauterized cornea, the expression of MHC class II was significantly enhanced in the limbal basal epithelium. The expression of the activation markers, CD80 and CD86, by MHC class II+ LCs was first present in the limbal basal epithelium as early as 4 hours after corneal inflammation and later throughout the entire corneal epithelium. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates for the first time the distribution and characterization of LCs in the rat corneal epithelium, which largely resembles most of those observed in the mouse cornea. In the cauterized cornea, B7+ LCs were first present in the limbal basal epithelium, suggesting that these cells play an important role in corneal inflammatory reaction.
Adapting lights and lowered extracellular free calcium desensitize toad photoreceptors by differing mechanisms.

Extracellular recordings were made across the outer segment layer of isolated, superfused toad retinas. Under these recording conditions, the photovoltage reflects primarily the current flowing through the outer‐segment membrane of red rods. In normal toad Ringer solution, a dim conditioning flash desensitized a test flash response. The desensitization reached a peak 1.8‐2.0 s after the conditioning flash and then declined approximately as an exponential with time constant 6 s. Lowered extracellular calcium, [Ca2+]o, desensitized the photoresponse. It required approximately ten times more light to reach a half‐maximal response for each ten‐fold change in [Ca2+]o from 10(‐6) to 10(‐9) M. When [Ca2+]o was less than 10(‐7) M, substitution of Li+ for Na+ as the predominant monovalent cation in the superfusate permitted responses to continue and a resensitization of up to approximately 1 log unit was observed. The effects of lowered [Ca2+]o on response kinetics were markedly different from the effects of background lights producing a comparable desensitization. Low [Ca2+]o increased absolute latency and time‐to‐peak of the flash response. Background lights decreased time‐to‐peak, leaving latency unchanged. The effects of background lights and lowered [Ca2+]o are not additive. Moderate backgrounds had little effect on the intensity/response function in low [Ca2+]o. Conditioning flashes facilitated the test flash response in 10(‐7) M‐[Ca2+]o superfusate. These results can be understood in terms of the Ca2+ hypothesis of transduction (Hagins & Yoshikami, 1974) if it is assumed that lowered [Ca2+]o exposes an endogenous Ca2+ buffer. The data also provide evidence for a role of Na+/Ca2+ exchange in regulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the toad photoreceptor. A quantitative model based on these assumptions is derived and compared with the experimental data.
Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies

Determining the optimal sample size for a study assures an adequate power to detect statistical significance. Hence, it is a critical step in the design of a planned research protocol. Using too many participants in a study is expensive and exposes more number of subjects to procedure. Similarly, if study is underpowered, it will be statistically inconclusive and may make the whole protocol a failure. This paper covers the essentials in calculating power and sample size for a variety of applied study designs. Sample size computation for single group mean, survey type of studies, 2 group studies based on means and proportions or rates, correlation studies and for case-control for assessing the categorical outcome are presented in detail.
A MODEL FOR (QUASI-)PERIODIC MULTIWAVELENGTH PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS

We present radiation transfer models of rotating young stellar objects (YSOs) with hot spots in their atmospheres, inner disk warps, and other three-dimensional effects in the nearby circumstellar environment. Our models are based on the geometry expected from magneto-accretion theory, where material moving inward in the disk flows along magnetic field lines to the star and creates stellar hot spots upon impact. Due to rotation of the star and magnetosphere, the disk is variably illuminated. We compare our model light curves to data from the Spitzer YSOVAR project to determine if these processes can explain the variability observed at optical and mid-infrared wavelengths in young stars. We focus on those variables exhibiting “dipper” behavior that may be periodic, quasi-periodic, or aperiodic. We find that the stellar hot-spot size and temperature affects the optical and near-infrared light curves, while the shape and vertical extent of the inner disk warp affects the mid-IR light curve variations. Clumpy disk distributions with non-uniform fractal density structure produce more stochastic light curves. We conclude that magneto-accretion theory is consistent with certain aspects of the multiwavelength photometric variability exhibited by low-mass YSOs. More detailed modeling of individual sources can be used to better determine the stellar hot-spot and inner disk geometries of particular sources.
Model extension, calibration and validation of partial nitritation–anammox process in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for reject and mainstream wastewater

ABSTRACT In the paper, the extension of mathematical model of partial nitritation–anammox process in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is presented. The model was calibrated with a set of kinetic, stoichiometric and biofilm parameters, whose values were taken from the literature and batch tests. The model was validated with data obtained from: laboratory batch experiments, pilot-scale MBBR for a reject water deammonification operated at Himmerfjärden wastewater treatment and pilot-scale MBBR for mainstream wastewater deammonification at Hammarby Sjöstadsverk research facility, Sweden. Simulations were conducted in AQUASIM software. The proposed, extended model proved to be useful for simulating of partial nitritation/anammox process in biofilm reactor both for reject water and mainstream wastewater at variable substrate concentrations (influent total ammonium–nitrogen concentration of 530 ± 68; 45 ± 2.6 and 38 ± 3 gN/m3 – for reject water – and two cases of mainstream wastewater treatment, respectively), temperature (24 ± 2.8; 15 ± 1.1 and 18 ± 0.5°C), pH (7.8 ± 0.2; 7.3 ± 0.1 and 7.4 ± 0.1) and aeration patterns (continuous aeration and intermittent aeration with variable dissolved oxygen concentrations and length of aerated and anoxic phases). The model can be utilized for optimizing and testing different operational strategies of deammonification process in biofilm systems. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Large data local solutions for the derivative NLS equation

We consider the Derivative NLS equation with general quadratic nonlinearities. In \cite{be2} the first author has proved a sharp small data local well-posedness result in Sobolev spaces with a decay structure at infinity in dimension $n = 2$. Here we prove a similar result for large initial data in all dimensions $n \geq 2$
Factors for Divorce of Women Undergoing Divorce in Bangladesh

The aim of this study was to explore the factors responsible for divorce among women who are undergoing the divorce process. Eleven women were selected by purposive sampling technique from the Bangladesh National Woman Lawyers' Association at Agargaon, Dhaka, who were enlisting legal support for their marital problems. An exploratory research design under qualitative methodology was followed. Results indicated that extramarital affairs, substance abuse, physical abuse, dowry-related problems, abandonment, interference from in-laws, polygamy, personality problems, criminal activity, and unemployment of husbands are the primary factors responsible for divorce among women in Bangladesh.
Beaches, Sunshine, and Public-Sector Pay: Theory and Evidence on Amenities and Rent Extraction by Government Workers

The absence of a competitive market may enable public-sector workers to extract rents from taxpayers in the form of high pay, especially when public-sector workers are unionized. On the other hand, this rent extraction may be suppressed by the ability of taxpayers to vote with their feet, leaving jurisdictions where public-sector workers extract high rents. However, although migration of taxpayers may limit rent-seeking, public-sector workers may be able to extract higher rents in regions where high amenities mute the migration response. We develop a theoretical model that predicts such a link between public-sector wage differentials and local amenities, and we test the model's predictions by analyzing variation in these wage differentials and amenities across states. We find that public-sector wage differentials are, in fact, larger in the presence of high amenities, with the effect stronger for unionized public-sector workers who are likely better able to exercise political power in extracting rents. The implication is that the mobility of taxpayers is insufficient to prevent rent-seeking behavior of public-sector workers from leading to higher public-sector pay.
The Barnum effect and validity of computer-based test interpretations : the human resource development report

This article addresses 2 conceptual problems surrounding the validation of computer-based test interpretations (CBTIs): assessing the discriminating power of a real CBTI compared with a generic bogus report and assessing the overall level of accuracy or validity of the report. The full Barnum research design, based on split-plot analysis of covariance, was developed and used to evaluate the Human Resources Development Report (HRDR), a CBTI from the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF)
Vision meets robotics: The KITTI dataset

We present a novel dataset captured from a VW station wagon for use in mobile robotics and autonomous driving research. In total, we recorded 6 hours of traffic scenarios at 10–100 Hz using a variety of sensor modalities such as high-resolution color and grayscale stereo cameras, a Velodyne 3D laser scanner and a high-precision GPS/IMU inertial navigation system. The scenarios are diverse, capturing real-world traffic situations, and range from freeways over rural areas to inner-city scenes with many static and dynamic objects. Our data is calibrated, synchronized and timestamped, and we provide the rectified and raw image sequences. Our dataset also contains object labels in the form of 3D tracklets, and we provide online benchmarks for stereo, optical flow, object detection and other tasks. This paper describes our recording platform, the data format and the utilities that we provide.