Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmission capacity of D2D communication under heterogeneous networks with Dual Bands

This paper analyzes the maximum achievable transmission capacity of the D2D communication system under heterogeneous networks. The heterogeneous networks contain two primary systems working on independent bands and D2D communication guarantees the target outage probabilities of both systems on each band. By utilizing stochastic geometry, the effects of the spatial densities and the transmission power allocation ratio on the achievable transmission capacity are presented. Moreover, the optimal transmission density of D2D pairs and the optimal power allocation ratio are derived. The maximum capacity of D2D communication is defined based on the former optimal value from theoretical results. It is shown that the optimal power allocation ratio is proportional to the product of bandwidth, node density and transmission power of two primary systems.
Excess length of stay, charges, and mortality attributable to medical injuries during hospitalization.

CONTEXT Although medical injuries are recognized as a major hazard in the health care system, little is known about their impact. OBJECTIVE To assess excess length of stay, charges, and deaths attributable to medical injuries during hospitalization. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) were used to identify medical injuries in 7.45 million hospital discharge abstracts from 994 acute-care hospitals across 28 states in 2000 in the AHRQ Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Length of stay, charges, and mortality that were recorded in hospital discharge abstracts and were attributable to medical injuries according to 18 PSIs. RESULTS Excess length of stay attributable to medical injuries ranged from 0 days for injury to a neonate to 10.89 days for postoperative sepsis, excess charges ranged from 0 dollar for obstetric trauma (without vaginal instrumentation) to 57 727 dollars for postoperative sepsis, and excess mortality ranged from 0% for obstetric trauma to 21.96% for postoperative sepsis (P<.001). Following postoperative sepsis, the second most serious event was postoperative wound dehiscence, with 9.42 extra days in the hospital, 40 323 dollars in excess charges, and 9.63% attributable mortality. Infection due to medical care was associated with 9.58 extra days, 38 656 dollars in excess charges, and 4.31% attributable mortality. CONCLUSION Some injuries incurred during hospitalization pose a significant threat to patients and costs to society, but the impact of such injury is highly variable.
HPLC Enantioseparation of β-Blockers on Ovomucoid Stationary Phase.

The purpose of this study was to separate single and multiple pairs of six β-blockers enantiomers by high performance liquid chromatography on ovomucoid (OM) column in optimal conditions. The separation was performed isocratically or in gradient elution at 25°C, flow rate of 1 mL/min and 220 nm. The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer/acetonitrile or methanol. The effect of the organic modifier, the influence of pH and the percentage of the aqueous phase on resolution were investigated. The elution order of propranolol (PRP) enantiomers was established as well as the detection and quantification limits. The results show that OM was suitable for enantiomeric separation of the nonselective β-blockers carvedilol, PRP, pindolol and oxprenolol, and not for the two β-1 selective blockers, atenolol and metoprolol. A hypothesis regarding a possible correlation between structure-pharmacological activity-chromatographic behavior is proposed.
High-Intensity Drinking Among Young Adults in the United States: Prevalence, Frequency, and Developmental Change.

BACKGROUND This study is the first to examine the developmental course of high-intensity drinking (i.e., consuming 10+ drinks in a row) across late adolescence and the transition to adulthood. METHODS National longitudinal data (N = 3,718) from Monitoring the Future were used to examine trajectories of 10+ high-intensity drinking from age 18 through 25/26 overall and across sociodemographic subgroups; results were compared with similar analysis of 5+ binge drinking trajectories. RESULTS Results document that 10+ drinkers consume not just a greater quantity of alcohol on a given drinking occasion, but also engage in 5+ drinking more frequently than drinkers who do not report having 10 or more drinks. Developmental patterns for 10+ and 5+ drinking were similar, with peak frequencies reported at age 21/22. Greater peaks in both 10+ and 5+ drinking were documented among men and among college attenders, compared with women and nonattenders, respectively. However, there was a steeper decline in 10+ drinking after age 21/22, indicating that risk for consumption of 10 or more drinks in a row is more clearly focused on the early 20s. Patterns of developmental change in both behaviors were driven largely by college students: No significant age-related change in 10+ drinking was observed among men and women who did not go to college, and no significant age-related change in 5+ drinking was observed among female nonattenders. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of recognizing high-intensity drinkers as a unique high-risk group, and that college attendance is associated with particularly strong peaks in the developmental course of high-intensity drinking.
The Role of Altered Nucleotide Excision Repair and UVB-Induced DNA Damage in Melanomagenesis

UVB radiation is the most mutagenic component of the UV spectrum that reaches the earth’s surface and causes the development of DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts. UV radiation usually results in cellular death, but if left unchecked, it can affect DNA integrity, cell and tissue homeostasis and cause mutations in oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. These mutations, if unrepaired, can lead to abnormal cell growth, increasing the risk of cancer development. Epidemiological data strongly associates UV exposure as a major factor in melanoma development, but the exact biological mechanisms involved in this process are yet to be fully elucidated. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is responsible for the repair of UV-induced lesions. Patients with the genetic disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum have a mutation in one of eight NER genes associated with the XP complementation groups XP-A to XP-G and XP variant (XP-V). XP is characterized by diminished repair capacity, as well as a 1000-fold increase in the incidence of skin cancers, including melanoma. This has suggested a significant role for NER in melanoma development as a result of UVB exposure. This review discusses the current research surrounding UVB radiation and NER capacity and how further investigation of NER could elucidate the role of NER in avoiding UV-induced cellular death resulting in melanomagenesis.
A novel anti‐Thy‐1 (CD90) monoclonal antibody induces apoptosis in mouse malignant T‐lymphoma cells in spite of inducing bcl‐2 expression

Mouse malignant T‐lymphoma CS‐21 cells can survive and proliferate in vitro when co‐cultured with CA‐12 stromal cells isolated from lymph nodes, but CS‐21 cells undergo apoptotic cell death with DNA fragmentation when cultured alone. We immunized rats with CS‐21 cells and raised monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognized Thy‐1 (CD90) or CD45 protein. The majority of these MAbs were able to inhibit the adhesion and apoptosis of CS‐21 cells. When anti‐Thy‐1 MAbs were examined for their recognition site on Thy‐1 glycoprotein, one of them, MCS‐34, was found to recognize both Thy‐1.1 and Thy‐1.2. In addition, MCS‐34, just like the anti‐Thy‐1 MAb G7, recognized the Thy‐1A epitope. G7 was known to induce apoptosis in some T‐cell hybridomas and in thymocytes. In CS‐21 cells, however, G7 could not induce apoptosis, but MCS‐34 could. Interestingly, MCS‐34 enhanced the expression of bcl‐2 protein, in spite of its ability to induce apoptosis. Upon examining the apoptosis‐inducing mechanisms of MCS‐34, we found that it promoted a sustained increase in cytoplasmic‐free calcium in CS‐21 cells. Calcium ionophore A23187 was also found to induce apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. These results indicate that a sustained increase in cytoplasmic‐free calcium by MCS‐34 induces apoptosis in CS‐21 cells in spite of bcl‐2 protein expression. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
As We May Read The Reading Appliance Revolution

I n the 1970s, Alan Kay and his colleagues at Xerox PARC envisioned a dynamic, interactive electronic book. Now, nearly 30 years later, that vision has become a reality. A new kind of personal information appliance—the reading appli-ance—is emerging as a tool for serious readers. But is the world ready for reading appliances? Paper books are not only useful but are also a romantic icon of modern culture. Furthermore, previous attempts to replace reading on paper with reading online have failed: So-called paperless offices consume far more paper than they did before the introduction of PCs, while electronic books, such as Sony's Data Discman and Franklin's Bookman, have failed outside niche markets. Despite these past failures, we believe reading appliances are viable. Human factors researchers at our laboratory and elsewhere are analyzing the benefits of paper documents and creating a foundation for designing paper-like computers. Advances in mobile hard-ware—driven by demand for increasingly sophisticated laptop computers—have made it possible to build the necessary hardware. Additionally, the Web has created a market for online reading by introducing millions of people to it, and books, magazines, newspapers, advertisements, and other printed matter can be produced and read at very low cost. But reading appliance designers face two problems: • People clearly prefer reading on paper to reading on their PCs. • Paper is easier and more comfortable to use than portable computers, no matter how paper-like computers are. The questions we need to ask, then, are " Which, if any, of paper's qualities must reading appliances imitate to be successful? " and " What are the advantages of reading online and how can computers help people read? " WHAT IS READING? No technology is more ubiquitous than the printed word; we often take reading for granted. Although reading is fundamentally seeing and comprehending words and sentences, people read for different reasons and in different ways. Studying a textbook is not like reviewing a court brief. We read to be entertained, to be inspired, to find facts, to follow directions, to prepare for a discussion, or to keep up-to-date. To understand different kinds of reading, it may be useful to characterize reading along two dimensions: the nature of engagement with a text and the breadth of the activity across texts. The educator Mortimer J. Adler describes our engagement with a text as varying from active to passive. 1 Active reading combines reading with …
Conversion of crude oil to methane by a microbial consortium enriched from oil reservoir production waters

The methanogenic biodegradation of crude oil is an important process occurring in petroleum reservoirs and other oil-containing environments such as contaminated aquifers. In this process, syntrophic bacteria degrade hydrocarbon substrates to products such as acetate, and/or H2 and CO2 that are then used by methanogens to produce methane in a thermodynamically dependent manner. We enriched a methanogenic crude oil-degrading consortium from production waters sampled from a low temperature heavy oil reservoir. Alkylsuccinates indicative of fumarate addition to C5 and C6 n-alkanes were identified in the culture (above levels found in controls), corresponding to the detection of an alkyl succinate synthase encoding gene (assA/masA) in the culture. In addition, the enrichment culture was tested for its ability to produce methane from residual oil in a sandstone-packed column system simulating a mature field. Methane production rates of up to 5.8 μmol CH4/g of oil/day were measured in the column system. Amounts of produced methane were in relatively good agreement with hydrocarbon loss showing depletion of more than 50% of saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons. Microbial community analysis revealed that the enrichment culture was dominated by members of the genus Smithella, Methanosaeta, and Methanoculleus. However, a shift in microbial community occurred following incubation of the enrichment in the sandstone columns. Here, Methanobacterium sp. were most abundant, as were bacterial members of the genus Pseudomonas and other known biofilm forming organisms. Our findings show that microorganisms enriched from petroleum reservoir waters can bioconvert crude oil components to methane both planktonically and in sandstone-packed columns as test systems. Further, the results suggest that different organisms may contribute to oil biodegradation within different phases (e.g., planktonic vs. sessile) within a subsurface crude oil reservoir.
Plasma free fatty acid metabolism during storage of platelet concentrates for transfusion

New containers allow storage of platelet concentrates (PC) at 22 degrees C for up to 7 days, during which glycolytic and oxidative metabolism is vigorous. Recent evidence suggests that 85 percent of adenosine triphosphate regeneration is based on oxidative metabolism and that substrates other than glucose may be used. Because platelets can oxidize free fatty acids (FFA) as a possible source of energy during storage, the authors studied their availability, distribution, and turnover. Plasma FFA concentration was unchanged after 1 day of PC storage but significantly increased on Days 3, 5, and 7. Platelet‐free plasma (PFP) stored under the same conditions as PC demonstrated a progressive increase in FFA, suggesting that some of the FFA accumulating in PC were derived from plasma rather than platelets. Indeed, during PC storage, plasma triglycerides decreased significantly, suggesting that they are a possible source of the increased levels of FFA found on Day 3 and thereafter. Thus, PC have a plasma FFA pool available continuously for oxidation during storage. Studies with radiolabeled palmitate suggested that FFA oxidation by platelets occurs during storage. The current findings show that plasma FFA could be a significant substrate for oxidative metabolism during storage of PC and that the oxidized FFA are replenished at least in part from plasma. These results may allow platelet storage to be improved, particularly in synthetic media.
Substance Use Disorders: Sex Differences and Psychiatric Comorbidities

Objective: This article reviews sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with substance use disorders and, in particular, the clinical significance of these differences for treatment outcome among women. Method: We undertook a computerized search of major health care databases. To enhance the search, we drew prior relevant articles from the reference list. Results: Women with alcohol and other drug use disorders present higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity, particularly mood and anxiety disorders, than do men. Moreover, the comorbid diagnosis, particularly of depression, is more often primary in women, while in men the comorbidity is more often secondary to the substance abuse diagnosis. In addition, there is evidence that psychiatric comorbidity is associated with distinct, sex-specific outcomes for substance use treatment. Conclusions: Sex differences in the clinical presentation of substance-dependent individuals with psychiatric comorbidity present specific treatment challenges and opportunities.
Within-subject correlations between evening-related changes in body temperature and melatonin in the spinal cord injured

Background: Individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrate altered circadian variation in thermoregulatory control. Recently, we reported that tetraplegia is associated with a blunted release of melatonin in the evening. In order to examine whether this finding relates to circadian thermoregulation, we compared the correlations between evening changes in melatonin, core and skin temperature between thoracic and cervical SCI and able-bodied participants. Methods: In 10 able-bodied, 9 paraplegic and 8 tetraplegic participants, we measured, between 1900 and 2300 h, core temperature, proximal skin temperature (above and below the level of the lesion) and physical activity. Salivary melatonin was also sampled during this period and analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. Results: Between 1900 and 2300 h, core and upper limb skin temperature gradually decreased in all groups (p = 0.01). A significant group × time interaction was evident in lower body skin temperature (p = 0.03). Lower body skin temperature was significantly higher in able-bodied controls compared with tetraplegics between 1900 and 2000 h (p < 0.05). In able-bodied and paraplegic participants, the changes in melatonin and core temperature were inversely correlated (r = −0.44 and −0.54, respectively, both p = 0.01). Melatonin and mean skin temperature changes were also inversely correlated (able-bodied controls: r = −0.24; p = 0.05 and paraplegics: r = −0.30; p= 0.02). Conclusion: The inverse correlation between evening changes in melatonin and thermoregulation is of a similar magnitude in paraplegic and able-bodied controls. In contrast, changes in skin temperature, below the level of the lesion, are unrelated to changes in melatonin in tetraplegics.
Is worry different from rumination? Yes, it is more predictive of psychopathology!

Objective: Although worry and rumination are everyday phenomena as well as common symptoms across numerous psychopathological disorders, the theoretical and clinical delineations of both concepts need more clarification. This study explored the degree of overlap between worry and rumination on the levels of standardized questionnaires and a priori lay concepts. Method: The subjective conceptualization of worry and of rumination of 221 undergraduate and graduate students was assessed with the semantic differential technique, together with the frequency and intensity with which they experienced worry and rumination (based on their lay concepts). Standardized self-report measures for worry, rumination, depression, and anxiety were also administered. Results: Worry was viewed as more negative than rumination and was more predictive of anxiety as well as of depression than rumination, especially when the assessment was based on the subjective lay concepts. The different measures of worry and rumination were only moderately correlated with each other. Conclusion: It is concluded that the lay concepts worry and rumination and the hypothetical constructs worry and rumination should not be confused in personality and clinical research.
The development and evaluation of an incontinence intervention program for the elderly women at elderly welfare center.

PURPOSE The elderly with UI experienced urine leakage for a long time. The prevalence of UI has increased and it makes costly. Particularly, the elderly were reluctant to visit a hospital or a clinic for the reasons of modesty and poverty. To solve this problem, incontinence intervention programs should be provided at the elderly welfare center. The purpose of this research was to develop Incontinence Intervention Program for the Elderly Women (IIPE) and evaluate in its effect. METHODS The study design was quasi-experimental with pre and post-test. The study was performed for ten weeks at one elderly welfare center, Seoul, Korea. The subjects were gathered through an official announcement and informed consent was obtained. IIPE, in this study, was consisted of diagnosis, education, exercise and evaluation. The study variables were PFM exercise adherence, pelvic muscle strength, Continence self-efficacy, geriatric depression and incontinence stress. The effects of the IIPE on PFM exercise adherence, pelvic muscle strength, Continence self-efficacy, geriatric depression and incontinence stress were also evaluated. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 75.2 years. The average attendance was 6.2 times. The IIPE improved PFM exercise adherence, intra-vaginal contraction power and CSE significantly. But it was not significant in incontinence stress and geriatric depression. Other important results were that the two-finger test and urine stream interruption were more useful for elderly women with rigid vaginas in teaching and evaluating. CONCLUSION The Findings suggest that IIPE is effective to the community-residing elderly. Further investigation is needed on a long-term basis with control group.
Relationship Between Plasma Carotenoids and Prostate Cancer

Abstract: Carotenoids, particularly lycopene, are thought to decrease prostate cancer risk, but the relationship between plasma carotenoid concentrations and risk in various populations has not been well characterized. Comparing 118 non-Hispanic Caucasian men mainly from southeast Texas with nonmetastatic prostate cancer with 52 healthy men from the same area, we conducted a case-control analysis evaluating associations between risk and plasma levels of total carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin, α- and trans-β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, total lycopenes, trans-lycopene, total cis-lycopenes, and cis-lycopene isoforms 1, 2, 3, and 5. Risk for men with high plasma levels of α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein and zeaxanthin was less than half that for those with lower levels. In contrast, we observed no significant associations for total lycopenes, all-trans-lycopene, and cis-lycopene isomer peaks 2, 3, and 5, although high levels of cis-lycopene isomer peak 1 were inversely associated with risk. Analysis of men with aggressive disease (Gleason scores of ≥7, n= 88) vs. less aggressive cases (Gleason scores of <7, n = 30) failed to reveal significant associations between carotenoid levels and the risk of diagnosis with aggressive disease. These findings suggest that, in these men, higher circulating levels of α-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, and lutein and zeaxanthin may contribute to lower prostate cancer risk but not to disease progression.
Economic power dispatch of distributed generators in a grid-connected microgrid

Grid-connected microgrids with storage systems are reliable configurations for critical loads which can not tolerate interruptions of energy supply. In such cases, some of the energy resources should be scheduled in order to coordinate optimally the power generation according to a defined objective function. This paper defines a generationside power scheduling and economic dispatch of a grid-connected microgrid that supplies a fixed load and then, the scheduling is enhanced by including penalties in order to increase the use of the renewable energy sources and guarantee a high state of charge in the storage system for the next day. Linear models are proposed for the scheduling which are implemented in GAMS. The microgrid model is obtained deploying MATLAB/Simulink toolbox and then downloaded into dSPACE 1006 platform based on real-time simulation to test the economic dispatch. A compromise between cost and use of renewable energy is achieved.