Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term humoral unresponsiveness in vivo, induced by treatment with monoclonal antibody against L3T4

mAbs directed against the L3T4 molecule administered in vivo caused a severe and long lasting helper cell depletion in mice. Regeneration of the L3T4+ subpopulation occurred gradually (2-3 mo) after a single antibody treatment. Experiments were designed to examine the humoral immunocompetence of such anti-L3T4-treated animals during and after regeneration of the L3T4+ T cell subset. The animals were injected with anti-L3T4, immunized with soluble antigen, and challenged with antigen every 2 wk. Antibody responses to two antigens, sperm whale myoglobin (SpWMb) and KLH, which differ with regard to their immunogenicity, were compared. The lack of humoral immune responsiveness to either of these two antigens shorty after anti-L3T4 treatment responsiveness to either of these two antigens shortly after anti-L3T4 treatment was probably due to clonal depletion. The anti-L3T4-induced immunosuppressive effect on antibody production seemed to be determined in part by the preexisting T cell repertoire, as was suggested by the recovery of responsiveness to the highly immunogenic antigen KLH and the transient inhibitory effect of anti-L3T4 treatment in primed animals. The regenerating L3T4+ T cell subpopulation was relatively incompetent in initiating B cell responses. More than 40% of the L3T4+ T cell compartment had to recover to provide help for the production of anti- KLH antibodies, whereas elimination of 90% of the L3T4+ helper cells did not inhibit a primary anti-KLH response. Evidence for a heterogeneous composition of the L3T4+ subset came from experiments using rIL-2 in vivo. The addition of rIL-2 during early helper cell depletion improved the recovery of the humoral responsiveness without apparently affecting the kinetics of the regeneration of L3T4+ T cells. Interestingly, humoral unresponsiveness to the weakly immunogenic antigen SpWMb persisted for at least 120 d. This long lasting unresponsiveness could not be explained by clonal depletion, and suggested as one possibility that the presence of antigen during regeneration of the L3T4+ helper cell population may have influenced the ultimate T cell repertoire.
The Economic Value of Environmental Services on Indigenous-Held Lands in Australia

Australians could be willing to pay from $878m to $2b per year for Indigenous people to provide environmental services. This is up to 50 times the amount currently invested by government. This result was derived from a nationwide survey that included a choice experiment in which 70% of the 927 respondents were willing to contribute to a conservation fund that directly pays Indigenous people to carry out conservation activities. Of these the highest values were found for benefits that are likely to improve biodiversity outcomes, carbon emission reductions and improved recreational values. Of the activities that could be undertaken to provide the services, feral animal control attracted the highest level of support followed by coastal surveillance, weed control and fire management. Respondents' decisions to pay were not greatly influenced by the additional social benefits that can arise for Indigenous people spending time on country and providing the services, although there was approval for reduced welfare payments that might arise.
Reconstructing p-divisible groups from their truncations of small level

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p>0 . Let D be a p-divisible group over k. Let nD be the smallest non-negative integer for which the following statement holds: if C is a p-divisible group over k of the same codimension and dimension as D and such that CŒ p nDis isomorphic to DŒp nD � , then C is isomorphic to D. To the Dieudonne module of D we associate a non-negative integerD which is a computable upper bound of nD . I fD is a product Q i 2I Di of isoclinic p-divisible groups, we show that nD DD; if the set I has at least two elements we also show that nDmaxf1; nDi ;n Di C nDj � 1 j i; j 2 I; jig. We show that we have nD � 1 if and only ifD � 1; this recovers the classification of minimal p-divisible groups obtained by Oort. If D is quasi-special, we prove the Traverso truncation conjecture for D.I fD is F -cyclic, we explicitly compute nD. Many results are proved in the general context of latticed F -isocrystals with a (certain) group over k.
A Novel Electrospun Nano-fabric Graft Allows Early Cannulation Access and Reduces Exposure to Central Venous Catheters

Purpose The use of tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) as vascular access for hemodialysis treatment is increasing worldwide. We present a novel polycarbonate urethane nano-fabric graft, produced by electrospinning technology, which has self-sealing features that avoid seroma formation and allow puncturing within 48 hours. The aim of this study was to assess its advantages in a setting where late referral is common. Methods A retrospective single center study assessed 24 implanted grafts in 24 patients with maximal follow-up of 18 months; patency rates, time to first cannulation and post-operative complications were assessed. Results Successful access was achieved in all 24 patients within 48 hours. In 50% of the patients cannulation was performed within 24 hours without increasing the complication rate. Twelve month primary and secondary patencies were 50% and 70.8%, respectively. Excluding early failures (within 30 days) because of surgical problems, 12 month primary and secondary patencies were 75% and 81.2% respectively. Complication and infection rates were 10.94 and 0.49/1000 dialysis procedures, respectively. No pseudoaneurysms or seromas were documented at 18 months. Conclusions Early cannulation was successful in all patients with good 12-month primary and secondary patency rates, compared to data reported by others on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. The infection rate was substantially lower than in tunneled CVCs. Therefore, the AVflo graft may improve the clinical status of dialysis patients by decreasing the exposure to CVCs.
A REVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

A review of the current literature on curriculum development elucidates that much of the existing work either: (i) focuses on the development of educational resources; (ii) rectifies the concept of curriculum; (iii) or identifies desirable features of development methods without providing any practical guidance that synchronizes the needs of any particular education systems and geographical status where students are living. This paper scrutinizes the development of the Department of English Language Education curriculum of Ar-Raniry State Islamic University (Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh) Indonesia in line with Aceh context. It is flexible and evolutionary, and is soundly underpinned by proven theory and practices from contemporary curriculum development concepts. Systematically this article explores three pivotal aspects: educational foundation in Aceh, curriculum development in Indonesia, and an ideal curriculum of the Department of English Language Education, particularly in Aceh context.
A simple model for lensing by black holes in galactic nuclei

The lensing properties of the Plummer model with a central point mass and external shear are derived, including the image multiplicities, critical curves and caustics. This provides a simple model for a flattened galaxy with a central supermassive black hole. For the Plummer model with black hole, the maximum number of images is four, provided the black hole mass is less than an upper bound which is calculated analytically. This introduces a method to constrain black hole masses by counting images, thus applicable at cosmological distance. With shear, the maximum number of images is six and we illustrate the occurrence of an astroid caustic and two metamorphoses.
STAR FORMATION AND DUST OBSCURATION AT z ≈ 2: GALAXIES AT THE DAWN OF DOWNSIZING

We present first results of a study aimed to constrain the star formation rate (SFR) and dust content of galaxies at z ≈ 2. We use a sample of BzK-selected star-forming galaxies, drawn from the Cosmic Evolution Survey, to perform a stacking analysis of their 1.4 GHz radio continuum as a function of different stellar population properties, after cleaning the sample from contamination by active galactic nuclei. Dust unbiased SFRs are derived from radio fluxes assuming the local radio-IR correlation. The main results of this work are: (1) specific star formation rate (SSFR)s are constant over about 1 dex in stellar mass and up to the highest stellar mass probed, (2) the dust attenuation is a strong function of galaxy stellar mass with more massive galaxies being more obscured than lower mass objects, (3) a single value of the UV extinction applied to all galaxies would lead to a gross underestimate of the SFR in massive galaxies, (4) correcting the observed UV luminosities for dust attenuation based on the Calzetti recipe provides results in very good agreement with the radio derived ones, (5) the mean SSFR of our sample steadily decreases by a factor of ∼4 with decreasing redshift from z = 2.3 to 1.4 and a factor of ∼40 down the local universe. These empirical SFRs would cause galaxies to dramatically overgrow in mass if maintained all the way to low redshifts; we suggest that this does not happen because star formation is progressively quenched, likely starting from the most massive galaxies.
Hypothesis and Theory Article Consciousness: a Neural Capacity for Objectivity, Especially Pronounced in Humans

Consciousness tends to be viewed either as subjective experience of sensations and feelings, or as perception and internal representation of objects. This paper argues that neither view sufficiently acknowledges that consciousness may refer to the brain's most adaptive property: its capacity to produce states of objectivity. It is proposed that this capacity relies on multiple sensorimotor networks for internally representing objects and their properties in terms of expectancies, as well as on motivational and motor mechanisms involved in exploration, play, and care for vulnerable living and non-living objects. States of objectivity are associated with a very special phenomenal aspect; the experience that subjective aspects are absent and one is " just looking " at the world as it really is and can be. However, these states are normally closely preceded and followed by (and tend to be combined or fused with) sensations and feelings which are caused by activation of sensory and motivational mechanisms. A capacity for objectivity may have evolved in different species and can be conceived as a common basis for other elusive psychological properties such as intelligence, conscience, and esthetic experience; all three linked to crucial behaviors in human evolution such as tool making, cooperation, and art. The brain's pervasive tendency to objectify may be responsible for wrongly equating consciousness with feelings and wrongly opposing it to well-learned or habitual (" unconscious ") patterns of perception and behavior.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify State Secrets

Whether officials can be trusted to protect national security information has become a matter of great public controversy, reigniting a long-standing debate about the scope and nature of official secrecy. The declassification of millions of electronic records has made it possible to analyze these issues with greater rigor and precision. Using machine-learning methods, we examined nearly a million State Department cables from the 1970s to identify features of records that are more likely to be classified, such as international negotiations, military operations, and high-level communications. Even with incomplete data, algorithms can use such features to identify 90% of classified cables with <11% false positives. But our results also show that there are longstanding problems in the identification of sensitive information. Error analysis reveals many examples of both overclassification and underclassification. This indicates both the need for research on inter-coder reliability among officials as to what constitutes classified material and the opportunity to develop recommender systems to better manage both classification and declassification.
Study of association between psychological stress and depression among medical students in Mangalore

Background: Depression is common mental disorder and most prevalent condition worldwide. Medical education carries great burden of stress that can result in depression and it is an area of concern worldwide. The present study was aimed to assess the magnitude of depression among medical students and its association with psychological stress.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted among medical students at an institution in Mangalore. Students from 1st to 4th years were included in the study, and the level of psychological stress and depression was assessed by using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ -12) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale respectively.Results: The prevalence of psychological stress and depression was 83.7% and 72.9% respectively. Among depressed students, 24.2% had mild mood disturbances followed by 21.1% had moderate depression. There was a strong association between psychological stress and depression.Conclusions: Depression is highly prevalent among medical students and most of them had symptoms of psychological stress, which was associated with depression.
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy Visually Guided Reaching Depends on Motion Area Mt1

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Visual information is crucial for goal-directed reaching. A number of studies have recently shown that motion in particular is an important source of information for the visuomotor system. For example, when reaching a stationary object, movement of the background can influence the trajectory of the hand, even when the background motion is irrelevant to the object and task. This manual following response may be a compensatory response to changes in body position, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we tested whether visual motion area MT1 is necessary to generate the manual following response. We found that stimulation of MT1 with transcranial magnetic stimulation significantly reduced a strong manual following response. MT1 is therefore necessary for generating the manual following response, indicating that it plays a crucial role in guiding goal-directed reaching movements by taking into account background motion in scenes.
Cooperation between Noncanonical Ras Network Mutations in Cancer

Cancer develops after the acquisition of a collection of mutations that together create the ‘cancer phenotype’. How collections of mutations work together within a cell, and whether there is selection for certain combinations of mutations, are not well understood. Using a Ras signaling network mathematical model we tested potential synergistic combinations within the Ras network. Intriguingly, our modeling, including a “computational random mutagenesis” approach, and subsequent experiments revealed that mutations of the tumor suppressor gene NF1 can amplify the effects of mutations in multiple other components of the Ras pathway, including weakly activating, noncanonical, Ras mutants. Since conventional wisdom holds that mutations within the same pathway do not co-occur, it was surprising that modeling and experiments both suggested a functional benefit for co-occurring Ras pathway mutations. Furthermore, we analyzed >3900 sequenced cancer specimens from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and we uncovered an increased rate of co-occurrence between mutations the model predicted could display synergy. Overall, these data suggest that selective combinations of Ras pathway mutations could serve the role of cancer “driver”. More generally, this work presents a mechanism by which the context created by one mutation influences the evolutionary trajectories of cancer development, and this work suggests that mutations that result in “network instability” may promote cancer in a manner analogous to genomic instability.
Evaluating the SDN control traffic in large ISP networks

Scalability of Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach is one of the key issues that many network operators are willing to address and understand. Indeed, the promised programmability and flexibility of a SDN network is paid with a non-negligible control traffic exchanged between the network nodes and the SDN controllers. We consider a network controlled by a real OpenFlow-enabled controller, i.e. OpenDaylight. We evaluate analytically the number of OpenFlow messages for installing a new traffic flow, assuming the default reactive forwarding application available in OpenDaylight. We apply these results to the specific case of a large ISP network, comprising a backbone interconnecting many POPs. By evaluating exactly the amount of generated control traffic, we are able to assess the scalability of the reactive forwarding application in a practical relevant scenario for ISPs.
Large scale simulations of complex systems part i: conceptual framework

In this working document, we report on a new approach to high performance simulation. The main inspiration to this approach is the concept of complex systems: disparate elements with well-defined interactions rules and non nonlinear emergent macroscopic behavior. We provide arguments and mechanisms to abstract temporal and spatial locality from the application and to incorporate this locality into the complete design cycle of modeling and simulation on parallel architectures. Although the main application area discussed here is physics, the presented Virtual Particle (VIP) paradigm in the context of Dynamic Complex Systems (DCS), is applicable to other areas of compute intensive applications. Part I deals with the concepts behind VIP and DCS models. A formal approach to the mapping of application task-graphs to machine task-graphs is presented. The major part of section 3 has recently (July 1997) been accepted for publication in Complexity. In Part II we will elaborate on the execution behavior of a series of large-scale simulations using the concepts presented in this document. Note that this is a working document, where we present ongoing work on a formal description of DCS and compile new ideas and results of our research group.
Enhancing Student’s Learning Outcomes with Different Academic Level Using Metacognitive Strategies

This research was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of the Search Solve Create and Share learning integrated with metacognitive strategy [SSCS + MS] on the learning outcomes of students. A quasi experimental design has been used to compare the effect of traditional learning, SSCS, and SCCS + MS learning on the learning outcome of tenth grade students in Kupang, Indonesia, conducted in three schools. Three natural science classes of the tenth grade in the first semester of each school were involved in this study. The rubric of the learning outcomes by referring to Hart (1994). The research data were analyzed by ANCOVA and Least Significant Different test. The results showed that SSCS+MS learning model provides a higher learning outcomes of low academic ability than the SSCS and Traditional learning. As for the percentage learning outcome of low academic ability student’s in SSCS+MS increase 34.06% higher than the high academic ability on the SSCS learning model 35.76% higher than SSCS and 35.76% higher than Traditional learning models and 42.54% higher than the high academic ability on the Traditional learning. These result indicate that SSCS+MS could empower students low academic. The SSCS + MS learning model improve the quality of learning.
Mumford-Shah Model with Fast Algorithm on Lattice

Mumford-Shah piecewise smooth functional is a variational PDE model widely used in image segmentation and smoothing. An analogous discrete model which models image as an MRF has also been built. In this paper, we propose another discrete Mumford-Shah piecewise smooth model on lattice from a different perspective. We present a discrete objective functional, as well as the method to find the solution. Only two simple and deterministic optimization techniques, that is, derivation and greedy algorithm are used in the model to seek the solution. Compared with traditional continuous model, the model in this paper is much simpler and the approach is much easier and faster
A METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE EXTRACTION OF URINARY 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID.

A method for the quantitative assay of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) is presented. The limits of accuracy and precision obtained reflect good recovery and reproducibility. The relatively high recovery is largely due to maintaining a low distribution coefficient of 5-HIAA during purification of the aqueous extract with chloroform.
Corporate Fraud and the Value of Reputations in the Product Market

We examine the consequences of a damaged reputation for fraud firms in the context of product markets. We generate three direct measures of reputational damage and find evidence that customers impose significant reputational sanctions on fraud firms. Using yearly transactional data to track the business dealings of fraud firms with large customers, we show that customer reputational sanctions result in a decline in the firm's operating performance through increased selling costs, as suggested by previous studies of corporate reputation. We further find that reputational losses estimated from an event study approach reflect the actual decrease in the revenue of a fraud firm, which suggests that the event study approach yields a reliable measure of reputational losses. Finally, we document that these findings are the result of a damaged reputation following the detection of fraud rather than an effect of adverse information revealed upon fraud detection.
Estimating Web Application Development Effort Using Cosmic-Ffp Method

Abstract In the last few years, some researchers have proposed the use of COSMIC-FFP for effort prediction of Web applications. It is widely recognized, that a measure can be accepted only if its usefulness has been proved through some empirical studies. In this paper, we reported on an empirical study carried out using an industrial dataset and compared the results obtained with a previous analysis based on Web applications developed by academic students. We used an adaptation of COSMIC-FFP specifically conceived for Web applications as size measure and the Ordinary Least Square Regression as modelling technique. This analysis had a twofold goal: to verify whether COSMIC-FFP can provide good estimations and to analyse possible differences/similarities in the empirical results obtained with the two different datasets.