Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It’s time to wake up and stem the decline in spiritual well‐being in Victorian schools

This paper reports the views of 820 teachers from state, Catholic, Christian and other independent schools in Victoria. The purpose of the study was to investigate what factors relate to teachers’ views on spiritual well‐being (SWB) personally, as well as the perceived help gained by students from school in this aspect of life. Spiritual well‐being is reflected in the quality of relationships that people have in up to four domains, namely with self, with others, with the environment and/or with God. School type and year level contribute most to the variance in these four domains of spiritual well‐being among teachers and in the help they provide to students in this area of life. Very few differences were found by gender, age or subject specialty among teachers. The teachers report that their lived experiences (how they feel) in each of the four domains of SWB do not generally measure up to their ideals. Both the teachers’ ideals and how they feel were generally higher than the views they held of the help schools provide to students in each domain of SWB. A comparison with an earlier study shows a decline in the help being provided to secondary school students for SWB. It is time to stop, step aside from the busyness in schools, take stock of what is happening and find ways to nurture the relationships which enhance the SWB of students (and staff).
Lessons Learned: Generalizing Learning Across Games

This paper synthesizes findings from an ongoing research program on learning in signaling games. The present paper focuses on crossgame learning (the ability of subjects to take what has been learned in one game and generalize it to related games), an issue that has been ignored in most of the learning literature. We begin by laying out the basic experimental design and recapitulating early results characterizing the learning process. We then report results from an initial experiment in which we find a surprising degree of positive cross-game learning, contrary to the predictions of commonly employed learning models and to the findings of cognitive psychologists. We next explore two features of the environment that help to explain when and why this positive transfer occurs. First, we examine the effects of abstract versus meaningful context, an issue that has been largely ignored by economists out of the belief that behavior is largely dictated by the deep mathematical structure of a game. In contrast, results from cognitive psychology suggest that behavior may well be sensitive to context employed. Our results show that the use of meaningful context serves as a catalyst for positive transfer. Second, we explore how play by two-person teams differs from play by individuals. The psychology literature is quite pessimistic about the ability of teams to beat a "truth wins" standard based on performance of individuals. But teams easily surpass this norm in our cross-game experiment. We use the dialogues between team members to gain insight into how this transfer occurs, gaining direct confirmation for hypotheses generated by econometric analysis of earlier data.
Can men do better if they try harder: Sex and motivational effects on emotional awareness

Research indicates that women are more emotionally aware than men. Motivation was investigated as a possible source of this sex difference. A total of 242 women and 74 men completed the first half of an emotional awareness test, the Level of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS; Lane & Schwarz, 1987), received either motivational or control instructions, and then completed the second half of the awareness scale. Participants' LEAS scores were compared via a 2 (sex) × 2 (condition) × 2 (time) General Linear Model Analyses of Variance. The motivational intervention was successful in significantly increasing both male and female participants LEAS scores, although women generally demonstrated greater emotional awareness than men. Furthermore, the LEAS scores of motivated men equalled those of women in the control condition, but the motivated men had to work significantly longer on the task to achieve this equality. Additional covar-iance analysis revealed that there were significant sex differences even after controlling for self-report and behavioural measures of motivation. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding sex differences in emotional awareness.
Diabetes is associated with dramatically decreased survival in female but not male subjects with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE Survival analysis was performed on a prospectively followed cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to determine the impact of the development of diabetes on survival. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Clinical data were retrieved for patients diagnosed with CF-related diabetes (CFRD) at the Minnesota CF Center in 1987-2002. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate median survival. Data were analyzed by Cox regression to evaluate the influence of clinical characteristics at the time of CFRD diagnosis on mortality. RESULTS Clinical information was reviewed from 1,081 CF patients. A total of 123 patients with CFRD with fasting hyperglycemia were identified (58 males). Median survival was 49.5 years for male subjects without diabetes, 47.4 years for male subjects with diabetes, 47.0 years for female subjects without diabetes, and 30.7 years for female subjects with diabetes. Only female sex and forced expiratory volume in 1 s at the time of CFRD diagnosis were significant predictors of the subsequent risk of death (P < 0.001). This strong association was not confounded by CFTR genotype, BMI, steroid use, respiratory pathogens, HbA1c, or pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Female subjects with CFRD have a remarkably poorer prognosis compared with all male subjects with CF and female subjects with CF but without diabetes. The etiology of this sex difference is not clear. We speculate it might involve the interaction of female hormones and diabetes on promotion of a proinflammatory state or that androgens might protect male subjects from the catabolic effects of insulin deficiency. Alternatively, the appearance of frank diabetes in female subjects with CF may simply be a marker for some other biological difference that is not immediately apparent.
Use of intrinsic binding energy for catalysis by an RNA enzyme.

The contribution of several individual ribozyme.substrate base pairs to binding and catalysis has been investigated using hammerhead ribozyme substrates that were truncated at their 3' or 5' ends. The base pairs at positions 1.1-2.1 and 15.2-16.2, which flank the conserved core, each contribute 10(4)-fold in the chemical step, without affecting substrate binding. In contrast, base pairs distal to the core contribute to substrate binding but have no effect on the chemical step. These results suggest a "fraying model" in which each ribozyme.substrate helix can exist in either an unpaired ("open") state or a helical ("closed") state, with the closed state required for catalysis. The base pairs directly adjacent to the conserved core contribute to catalysis by allowing the closed state to form. Once the number of base pairs is sufficient to ensure that the closed helical state predominates, additional residues provide stabilization of the helix, and therefore increase binding, but have no further effect on the chemical step. Remarkably, the >5 kcal/mol free energy contribution to catalysis from each of the internal base pairs is considerably greater than the free energy expected for formation of a base pair. It is suggested that this unusually large energetic contribution arises because free energy that is typically lost in constraining residues within a base pair is expressed in the transition state, where it is used for positioning. This extends the concept of "intrinsic binding energy" from protein to RNA enzymes, suggesting that intrinsic binding energy is a fundamental feature of biological catalysis.
The Creativity and Job Satisfaction of Artists in Organizations

Although the creativity of artists is often studied, typically these artists work alone. The primary objective of this investigation was to examine artists employed in a large organization. Collaboration is required in organizations, and it may be that only particular artists succeeded in those settings. With this in mind, the Adjective Check List (ACL) was administered to 35 artists from a large organization specializing in creative products. Background data (e.g., birth order and education) were also collected. Seven scales extracted from each ACL and both personality and background were tested as predictors of the job satisfaction of the organizational artists. Another objective of this investigation was to assess the artists' views about the organization, using a measure of the Climate for Creative Productivity. The final objective was to compare artists' views of “an ideally or maximally creative visual artist” (based on a second administration of the ACL). Results indicated that job satisfaction could be predicted from the ACL, with the more original artists the least satisfied. Also important was the discrepancy between artists' self-descriptions and their descriptions of the ideal artists, the latter being indicative of higher creative potential.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Hyperthermophilic Archaeal Fuselloviridae Viruses

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequences of two Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) from acidic hot springs in Kamchatka (Russia) and Yellowstone National Park (United States) have been determined. These nonlytic temperate viruses were isolated from hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus hosts, and both viruses share the spindle-shaped morphology characteristic of the Fuselloviridae family. These two genomes, in combination with the previously determined SSV1 genome from Japan and the SSV2 genome from Iceland, have allowed us to carry out a phylogenetic comparison of these geographically distributed hyperthermal viruses. Each virus contains a circular double-stranded DNA genome of ∼15 kbp with approximately 34 open reading frames (ORFs). These Fusellovirus ORFs show little or no similarity to genes in the public databases. In contrast, 18 ORFs are common to all four isolates and may represent the minimal gene set defining this viral group. In general, ORFs on one half of the genome are colinear and highly conserved, while ORFs on the other half are not. One shared ORF among all four genomes is an integrase of the tyrosine recombinase family. All four viral genomes integrate into their host tRNA genes. The specific tRNA gene used for integration varies, and one genome integrates into multiple loci. Several unique ORFs are found in the genome of each isolate.
Editorial: Paradigmatic and Geographic Diversity in Marketing Theory and Practice

In this issue we are fortunate to present a variety of studies that reﬂect some of the most interesting and innovative writing today. Our ﬁrst contribution comes from a seminal thinker on marketing theory and consumer practice. Sidney Levy has been at the intellectual forefront of marketing and consumer research since the mid- 1940s, rising to prominence courtesy of a series of major publications in inﬂuential outlets that continue all the way to the present day (e.g. Levy & Kellstadt, in press). Levy is viewed by many within consumer research as one of the founding fathers of qualitative, consumer culture studies (Arnould & Thompson, 2005). Cementing this status, his name is now attached to an award that aims to promote advances in interpretive and consumer culture research (see: http://www.levyaward.org/).
Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in mentally disordered violent offenders

The activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in blood platelets among criminals undergoing forensic psychiatric examinations was studied. As compulsiveness, disturbed perceptions of reality, etc. are states not known to be related to MAO and yet possibly cause aggressiveness and violence among psychotic patients, we divided the patients into 2 groups, psychotic and nonpsychotic offenders. There was lower MAO activity among violent offenders than among nonviolent offenders. The difference between the violent and nonviolent offenders became greater when the subjects with a history of psychosis were removed. Furthermore, in the group of psychotic offenders, there was no statistical difference between violent and nonviolent individuals in this regard.
Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Low-Level Wireless Communication

Traditional radio systems are strictly co-designed on the lower levels of the OSI stack for compatibility and efficiency. Although this has enabled the success of radio communications, it has also introduced lengthy standardization processes and imposed static allocation of the radio spectrum. Various initiatives have been undertaken by the research community to tackle the problem of artificial spectrum scarcity by both making frequency allocation more dynamic and building flexible radios to replace the static ones. There is reason to believe that just as computer vision and control have been overhauled by the introduction of machine learning, wireless communication can also be improved by utilizing similar techniques to increase the flexibility of wireless networks. In this work, we pose the problem of discovering low-level wireless communication schemes ex-nihilo between two agents in a fully decentralized fashion as a reinforcement learning problem. Our proposed approach uses policy gradients to learn an optimal bi-directional communication scheme and shows surprisingly sophisticated and intelligent learning behavior. We present the results of extensive experiments and an analysis of the fidelity of our approach.
Is It the Place or the People? Disentangling the Effects of Hospitals’ Physical and Social Environments on Well-Being

Evidence points to the role of the physical environment on patient well-being, but its specific contribution is not clear. Two experimental studies were conducted. First, we investigated the inferences people make about the physical environment given information about the social environment, and vice versa. In six conditions, participants were exposed to information about an inadequate, neutral, or good hospital physical environment; or about a negative, neutral, or positive hospital social environment. Results showed that people associate the quality of hospitals’ physical and social environments, and the corresponding expected well-being. Study 2 sought to disentangle the independent effect of the physical and social dimensions. Levels of quality of the physical and social environments were crossed in a 3 × 3 between-subjects design. Results showed that both dimensions have a specific significant effect. In particular, the physical environment seems unable to improve satisfaction when its quality is high but is able to reduce satisfaction when its quality is low.
Lifetime Electronic Health Records as an Enabler for Integrated Care

Integrated care (IC) helps to diminish demographic challenges. Electronic health records (EHRs) are recognized to support IC with regard to continuity, efficiency and quality of care. Lifetime EHRs (LEHRs) allow an even higher level of integration by including all care-related stakeholders along the whole lifetime of an individual. The article aims at qualitatively assessing to what extent LEHRs are a sufficient enabler for IC. A literature review was conducted regarding IC implementation requirements. Therefore, LEHRs were characterized and discussed with respect to ten IC requirements, classified into four perspectives (stakeholders, data & IT, processes and economics). The analysis revealed that LEHRs especially support data exchange, teamwork and communication, inter-professional collaboration, focus on the individual and add value in terms of efficiency and continuity. LEHRs enable IC, but need to be complemented by workflow and communication supporting systems to achieve a holistic IC implementation with regard to the proposed requirements.
Do Citizens Know How to Deal with Legal Issues? Some Empirical Insights

Abstract Over recent years there has been increasing policy concern in the UK about whether citizens are equipped with sufficient legal ‘know-how’. In January 2006, the Department for Constitutional Affairs, now Ministry of Justice, announced a Public Legal Education and Support Task Force to develop and promote the case for a national strategy. This comes after UK government strategies have recently been developed for both consumer education and financial capability. Drawing on empirical data, this article explores whether there is indeed a lack of awareness and confidence among the population of England and Wales in regard to legal issues. The results from the English and Welsh Civil and Social Justice Survey, a large-scale face-to-face survey representative of the population, illustrate the case for targeted as well as general public legal education initiatives.
A Note on Resultant Achievement Motivation Measures and Scholastic Attainment

THE concept of resultant achievement motivation (RAM) (Atkinson, 1957) as need-to-achieve minus fear-of-failure has been influential in recent motivational theory and research. Mehrabian (1968, 1969) has recently developed self-report scales of RAM for males and females to overcome many drawbacks of Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) measures. Where the utility of such measures to education is concerned, their relationship to scholastic achievement is of central interest. Weiner, Johnson, and Mehrabian (1968) have reported no significant relationship of scholastic performance (course examination) and Mehrabian’s RAM scale or a RAM measure utilizing TAT scores with a male sample. Raffini (1971) reported similar results with the Mehrabian
Epidemiology of HIV-1 Infection in Agricultural Plantation Residents in Kericho, Kenya: Preparation for Vaccine Feasibility Studies

Summary: A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among agricultural plantation residents in Kericho, Kenya. Volunteers were recruited, interviewed, and phlebotomized for HIV-1 serologic testing. Sex-specific adjusted odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression. The overall HIV-1 prevalence was 9.9% (81/820), with prevalence in women more than twice that in men (17.4% vs 8.0%, P = 0.001). Among men, elevated HIV-1 prevalence was seen with increasing age, peaking in those older than 30 years (10.3%), marriage (10.4%), Luo tribe affiliation (23.5%), employment (8.9%), travel (11.0%), and being uncircumcised (29.2%). Among women, elevated HIV-1 prevalence was seen in those with no formal education (36.8%) and those who received goods in exchange for sex (36.0%). More than 97% of volunteers expressed a willingness to participate in future HIV-1 studies requiring semiannual visits. HIV prevention efforts have been implemented, along with further research to characterize this population for future cohort feasibility studies and HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Gunas

Researchers in the field of cross cultural research have highlighted the need to study one culture in depth particularly to understand the complex causes of behaviors those managers in a culture manifest. This article reports the conceptualization and measurement of the Indian personality construct of Gunas; a possible predictor of ethics of Indian managers. The Indian scripture The Gita identifies three personality constructs, collectively referred to as Gunas, that are considered relevant for understanding ethical behavior. The article reports the development of a scale to measure three Gunas– Illumination, Passion and Dullness, through a four-step process. In the first step, construct definitions and items of the three Gunas are generated. The second, third and fourth steps report empirical studies conducted on different samples to assess the factor stability, reliability, discriminant validity, and other validities of the scale. The scale is used to predict spirituality, ethical frameworks and acts of software piracy in organizations. Implications for cross cultural research as well as practice are discussed.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Metallicity and the spectral energy distribution and spectral types of dwarf O-stars

We present a systematic study of the effect of metallicity on the stellar spectral energy distribution (SED) of O main sequence (dwarf) stars, focussing on the hydrogen and helium ionizing continua, and on the optical and near-IR lines used for spectral classification. The spectra are based on non-LTE line blanketed atmosphere models with stellar winds calculated using the  code of Hillier & Miller (1998). We draw the following conclusions. First, we find that the total number of Lyman photons emitted is almost independent of line blanketing effects and metallicity for a given effective temperature. This is because the flux that is blocked by the forest of metal lines at λ < 600 Å is redistributed mainly within the Lyman continuum. Second, the spectral type, as defined by the ratio of the equivalent widths of He  λ4471 and He  λ4542, is shown to depend noticeably on the microturbulent velocity in the atmosphere, on metallicity and, within the luminosity class of dwarfs, on gravity. Third, we confirm the decrease in Teff for a given spectral type due to the inclusion of line blanketing recently found by e.g. Martins et al. (2002). Finally, we find that the SED below ∼450 Å is highly dependent on metallicity. This is reflected in the behaviour of nebular fine-structure line ratios such as [Ne ]/[Ne ] 15.5/12.8 and [Ar ]/[Ar ] 9.0/7.0 μm. This dependence complicates the use of these nebular ratios as diagnostic tools for the effective temperature determination of the ionizing stars in H  regions and for age dating of starburst regions in galaxies.
Breastfeeding among black mothers: evidence supporting the need for prenatal intervention.

PURPOSE To identify factors that might be targeted for intervention to increase breastfeeding among black mothers. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the 1988 National Maternal Infant Health Survey. PARTICIPANTS Black mothers (N = 5,142) from a nationally representative sample of mothers who had births in 1988. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Breastfeeding rates RESULTS Factors associated with breastfeeding included a mother's plan to breastfeed; Women, Infants and Children (WIC) advice, or advice from a prenatal-care provider on breastfeeding; and discussion of breastfeeding practices at prenatal birth classes. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the prenatal period may be a critical time to influence a prospective black mother's decision to breastfeed her infant.
CHILDREN'S ATTITUDES TOWARD THE ELDERLY: EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS

The CATE (Children's Attitudes Toward the Elderly) was administered to 180 children, 20 at each level from age 3 to age 11. Results suggest that children at all age levels have limited knowledge of and contact with older people. Few children gave positive responses about growing old themselves; most did not perceive being old as positive. Attitudes of children toward the elderly suggest a mixture of positive feelings of affect and either stereotypic or negative attitudes about the physical aspects of age. It was determined that children's concepts of age increase in accuracy as they increase in age. Educational implications include providing accurate information about the elderly and actual contact with older people, enabling children to assess their perceptions of the aging process and how aging affects them, and exposing children to an unbiased look at the attributes, behaviors, and characteristics of the elderly in a wide variety of roles in order to avoid or extinguish the formation of stereotypic, ne.