Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of renal TRPM6 compensates for Mg2+ wasting during furosemide treatment

Background Furosemide is a loop diuretic, which blocks the Na+, K+, 2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL). By diminishing sodium (Na+) reabsorption, loop diuretics reduce the lumen-positive transepithelial voltage and consequently diminish paracellular transport of magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+) in TAL. Indeed, furosemide promotes urinary Mg2+ excretion; however, it is unclear whether this leads, especially during prolonged treatment, to hypomagnesaemia. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to determine the effect of chronic furosemide application on renal Mg2+ handling in mice. Methods Two groups of 10 mice received an osmotic minipump subcutaneously for 7 days with vehicle or 30 mg/kg/day furosemide. Serum and urine electrolyte concentrations were determined. Next, renal mRNA levels of the epithelial Mg2+ channel (TRPM6), the Na+, Cl− cotransporter (NCC), the epithelial Ca2+ channel (TRPV5), the cytosolic Ca2+-binding protein calbindin-D28K, as well parvalbumin (PV), claudin-7 (CLDN7) and claudin-8 (CLDN8), the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and the Na+–H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Renal protein levels of NCC, TRPV5, calbindin-D28K and ENaC were also measured using semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Results The mice chronically treated with 30 mg/kg/day furosemide displayed a significant polyuria (2.1 ± 0.3 and 1.3 ± 0.2 mL/24 h, furosemide versus control respectively, P < 0.05). Furosemide treatment resulted in increased serum concentrations of Na+ [158 ± 3 (treated) and 147 ± 1 mmol/L (control), P < 0.01], whereas serum K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ values were not significantly altered in mice treated with furosemide. Urinary excretion of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was not affected by chronic furosemide treatment. The present study shows specific renal upregulation of TRPM6, NCC, TRPV5 and calbindin-D28K. Conclusions During chronic furosemide treatment, enhanced active reabsorption of Mg2+ via the epithelial channel TRPM6 in DCT compensates for the reduced reabsorption of Mg2+ in TAL.
How I Play: Roles and Relations in the Play Situations of Children with Restricted Mobility

The purpose of this grounded theory study was to gain knowledge and understanding of how children with restricted mobility play in different play situations. The group investigated consisted of 10 children with restricted mobility, aged from 6 to 12 years, living in northern Sweden. In this study, the child with restricted mobility is defined as a child unable to move around without the aid of a wheelchair, walking trolley, crutches or other walking device. The children were interviewed about play and were observed in different play situations. The transcribed interviews and observations were analysed according to the constant comparative method of grounded theory described by Glaser and Strauss (1967). The analysis resulted in a model (How I play, core category) describing the child's relations in different play situations, the factors that gave rise to different types of play and the consequences of the play. The different types of play were: (A) play with friends - (a) interactive play and (b) onlooker play; (B) play alone; and (C) play with adults. Most play came to be placed in categories B and C, that is the children played mostly alone or with adults. The results were discussed on the basis of Mead's theory of identity development and Bronfenbrenner's theory of developmental ecology, that is how children's play influences their development when adults are so often present.
Psychopathology of Youth in Custody and Detention: The impact of socialization of emotion

This study profiled the mental health needs of youth incarcerated in southern Ontario. The objectives were three-fold. 1) To demonstrate that incarcerated youth endorsed more externalizing than internalizing difficulties on a self-report measure of psychopathology. 2) To demonstrate that incarcerated youth had cognitive vulnerabilities consistent with anxiety and depression, despite their general lack of overt endorsement of internalizing symptoms. 3) To demonstrate that socialization practices in the home and community predicted the endorsement of psychopathology, and to provide a possible explanation for this relationship by considering alexithymia as a mediating variable. The Adolescent Psychopathology Scale – Short Form, Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Family Expressiveness Questionnaire, Street Codes Questionnaire, Cultural Mistrust Inventory, and a Dot Probe task were administered to 91 adolescents incarcerated in Southern Ontario. Results indicated that incarcerated youth endorsed significantly greater externalizing than internalizing symptoms. Youth demonstrated significant attentional biases toward threatening, but not depressive faces. Negative dominant socialization practices in the home predicted the endorsement of both externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and there was partial support for alexithymia mediating these relationships. Youth who embraced community practices that socialized violence endorsed externalizing but not internalizing difficulties. These results challenge clinicians to consider the internalizing difficulties of incarcerated youth more carefully during assessment.
Factor Affecting Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of Corporate Sector in Bangladesh

Organizational Citizenship behaviour is presumed as one of the emerging management concepts that are being emphasized for the organizational effectiveness.The present study has been undertaken in order to determine the factors affecting the OCB and to develop a theoretical model on OCB by employing sophisticated multivariate technique- Varimax Rotated Factor Analytical Technique. The study has determined factors affecting the OCB: Organizational Loyalty, Altruism, Civic Virtue, Sportsmanship, Courtesy, Conscientiousness, Organizational Compliance, Problem Concern, Individual Initiatives, Self development. The study has suggested some policy guidelines by developing a conceptual model on OCB. Keywords: Organizational citizenship behaviour, Job satisfaction, Civic virtue, Altruism
A Transmembrane Polymorphism of Fcγ Receptor IIb Is Associated with Kidney Deficiency Syndrome in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective. The purpose is to investigate the role of kidney deficiency and the association between kidney deficiency and a polymorphism FcγRIIb 695T>C coding for nonsynonymous substitution IIe232Thr (I232T) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Clinical parameters and autoantibodies were analyzed and genotyping was performed in 159 kidney deficiency and 161 non-kidney-deficiency RA patients. Results. The age of disease onset and disease duration exhibited significant differences between two groups (P < 0.01). Patients with kidney deficiency tend to have higher activity of disease (P < 0.05). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides antibodies (ACPA) levels of patients with kidney deficiency were higher than the controls (P = 0.039). 125 (78.6%) kidney deficiency and 114 (70.8%) non-kidney-deficiency patients had both ACPA-positive and RF-positive (P = 0.04, OR = 3.29). FcγRIIb I232TT homozygotes were identified in 10 of 159 (6.3%) kidney deficiency subjects and 1 of 161 (0.6%) controls (P = 0.000, OR = 16.45). Furthermore, in pooled genotype analysis, I232IT and I232TT homozygotes were significantly enriched in kidney deficiency individuals compared with the controls (P = 0.000, OR = 3.79). Frequency of T allele was associated with kidney deficiency RA population (P = 0.000, OR = 3.18). Conclusion. This study confirmed that kidney deficiency was closely associated with disease activity and autoimmune disorder in RA. Kidney deficiency in RA is first to reveal a strong genetic link to FcγRIIb variants.
Cyclic Prefix Design and Allocation in Bit-Loaded OFDM over Power Line Communication Channels

The usual approach when designing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, is to dimension the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) equal to the length of a typical "bad" (i.e., long) channel impulse response, so that both inter-symbol and inter-carrier interference are avoided for almost all channel realizations. However, such an approach does not maximize system capacity. It (a) wastes channel resources for relatively short channel impulse response realizations and (b) it is not necessarily optimal to completely eliminate interference. In this paper, we study the problem of designing the CP length for OFDM systems in a capacity-optimal way. To this end, we first present optimal and simplified metrics suitable to maximize capacity. Then, we apply those metrics and propose practical resource (bit-loading and OFDM sub-channel assignment) algorithms that include CP-length adaptation. We present numerical results for the example of a power line communication (PLC) OFDM system with typical indoor PLC channels that confirm the gains achievable with the proposed CP-length adaptation.
The direct and interactive roles of work family conflict and work family facilitation in voluntary turnover

The direct effect of work family conflict on turnover has received much attention in organizational studies. However, neither the direct effect of work family facilitation on turnover nor the effect of its interaction with work family conflict on voluntary turnover has received similar attention. This has resulted in low explained variance in turnover in models that excluded these relationships. Using 450 participants drawn from employees in Nigeria, I found significant direct and interaction effect of work family facilitation on turnover. These results support the view that work family facilitation buffers the effect of work family conflict on turnover
The Threshold Hypothesis, Semilingualism, and Other Contributions to a Deficit View of Linguistic Minorities

Although some educational researchers have appealed to “semilingualism” or “limited bilingualism” to explain differences in student achievement among language minority students, in this article the author argues that the construct contributes much more to the malady than the remedy in the education of linguistic minorities. The author reviews four kinds of reputed evidence for semilingualism (from studies of language variation, linguistic structure, school performances, and language loss) and concludes that all of it is either spurious or irrelevant. The author argues that semilingualism is essentially indistinguishable from classical prescriptivism and that Cummins’s Threshold Hypothesis, which incorporates the semilingualism thesis, should be abandoned on empirical, theoretical, and moral grounds. An alternative account of the descriptive facts Cummins sought to explain is presented, and implications for education are discussed.
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: need for validation of microscopic image area used for scoring bacterial morphotypes

Background: The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is often made according to Nugent’s classification, a scoring system based on bacterial counting of Gram stained slides of vaginal secretion. However as the image area of the microscope field will influence the number of morphotypes seen there is a need to standardise the area. Methods: A graph intended for recalculation of number of bacterial morphotypes seen by the observer using 1000× magnification from various microscope set-ups was constructed and applied to data sets typical for scoring BV. The graph was used in recalculation of Nugent scores, which were also compared with the Ison/Hay scores to evaluate the consequences for the diagnosis of BV. Results: The observed image area differed by 300% among the investigated microscope set-ups. In two different data sets, one treatment study and one screening study, a considerable change in the number of women classified as intermediate was seen when the graph was used to standardise the image area. The recalculated numbers were also compared to the Ison/Hay classification. Weighted kappa indexes between the different methods were 0.84, 0.88, and 0.90, indicating that the methods are comparable. Conclusion: Because of the considerable differences among image areas covered by different microscope set-ups used in Nugent and Ison/Hay scoring, there is a need to standardise the area in order to reach comparable scores reflecting the diagnosis of BV in different laboratories. The differences in the intermediate group will have a considerable effect on the results from both treatment and prevalence studies, even though the kappa indexes indicate very good agreement between the methods used.
Determinants of Youth Tobacco Use in West Virginia: A Comparison of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use

Purpose: To identify and compare the determinants of different types of tobacco use among rural youths and discuss the implication of these differences for youth tobacco use cessation. Methods: Ninth grade participants (n = 883) were 95% white, between 13 and 19 years old with a mean age of 14.6 years. Students were classified into four exclusive groups: non–tobacco use, smoking only, smokeless tobacco (ST) use only, and conjoint smoking and ST use. The influences of 14 specific risk factors on tobacco use were investigated for each group using separate multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Among participants, 20% were smokers only, 6% were ST users only, and 10% were conjoint users. Students who had more friends (odds ratio [OR] =] 2.75) and siblings (OR = 1.96) who smoke, family problems (OR = 1.70), and favorable attitudes toward tobacco use (OR = 1.12) were more likely to smoke than were other students. Among students who used only ST, gender was a primary determinant (95% were male). Excluding gender, sibling ST use (OR = 4.28), friends' ST use (OR = 1.71), and favorable attitudes (OR = 1.11) were the most significant risk factors. Male students were also more likely to use both cigarettes and ST (OR = 8.62). In addition, among students who used both tobacco products, siblings' and friends' ST use were significant (OR = 3.09 and 2.13, respectively), as well as family problems (OR = 2.41) and attitude (OR = 1.15). Unlike smokers only or ST users only, lack of knowledge about tobacco was a significant determinant among conjoint users (OR = 1.39). Conclusions: Findings revealed that 7 of 14 factors were significant predictors of tobacco use. Some factors predicted smoking only, ST only, and conjoint use; however, the pattern of predictors varied for these three categories. Implications for these findings as they relate to tobacco use interventions are discussed.
Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Two Validation Studies

Two studies examined the reliability and validity of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). In Study 1, each subject rode an exercise bicycle under control and external focus conditions. The PACES had high internal consistency in both conditions. As predicted, subjects reported enjoying the exercise more, as measured by the PACES, in the external focus condition. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation in the control condition between subjects' PACES scores and their scores on a measure of boredom proneness. In Study 2, each subject rode an exercise bicycle and jogged on a minitrampoline in separate sessions; each then chose one of these activities for their third session. Again, the PACES had high internal consistency. And, as predicted, there was a significant relationship between subjects' PACES ratings (completed after each activity) and their choices of activity. Test-retest reliability was high for jogging and moderate for bicycling. These studies provide preliminary evidence .
Inferring Physical Conditions in Interstellar Clouds of H2

We have developed a code that models the formation, destruction, radiative transfer, and vibrational/rotational excitation of H2 in a detailed fashion. We discuss generally how such codes, together with Far Ultraviolet Spectrographic Explorer (FUSE) observations of H2 in diffuse and translucent lines of sight, may be used to infer various physical parameters. We illustrate the effects of changes in the major physical parameters (UV radiation field, gas density, metallicity), and we point out the extent to which changes in one parameter may be mirrored by changes in another. We provide an analytic formula for the molecular fraction, f, as a function of cloud column density, radiation fields, and grain formation rate of H2. Some diffuse and translucent lines of sight may be concatenations of multiple distinct clouds viewed together. Such situations can give rise to observables that agree with the data, complicating the problem of uniquely identifying one set of physical parameters with a line of sight. Finally, we illustrate the application of our code to an ensemble of data, such as our FUSE survey of H2 in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, in order to constrain the elevated UV radiation field intensity and reduced grain formation rate of H2 in those low-metallicity environments.
Qualitative insights into the use of expressive body movement in solo piano performance: a case study approach

This article is a contribution to the psychology of performance, investigating the role of body movements both globally and locally in expressive musical performance. A case study of a single pianist is used to explore qualitative similarities and differences within and across different performances of a Beethoven bagatelle. Using observational analyses of the performance movements, the results reveal that the performer uses particular movement shapes that are specific and identifiable `expressive locations' within the context of a whole performance. These movement shapes cannot simply be categorized as being either intention specific or musical structure specific, for there are movement shapes common to locations across different performances and different locations within a performance. These expressive movements have some consistency over time, with the locations of the expression being common, but the movements being used flexibly within and across manner and time. The results are theorized in terms of how these movements may be produced.
Hypoxia Modulates Infection of Epithelial Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with lung and wound infections. Hypoxia is a frequent feature of the microenvironment of infected tissues which induces the expression of genes associated with innate immunity and inflammation in host cells primarily through the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) pathways which are regulated by oxygen-dependent prolyl-hydroxylases. Hypoxia also affects virulence and antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. However, less is known about the impact of hypoxia on host-pathogen interactions such as bacterial adhesion and infection. In the current study, we demonstrate that hypoxia decreases the internalization of P. aeruginosa into cultured epithelial cells resulting in decreased host cell death. This response can also be elicited by the hydroxylase inhibitor Dimethyloxallyl Glycine (DMOG). Reducing HIF-2α expression or Rho kinase activity diminished the effects of hypoxia on P. aeruginosa infection. Furthermore, in an in vivo pneumonia infection model, application of DMOG 48 h before infection with P. aeruginosa significantly reduced mortality. Thus, hypoxia reduces P. aeruginosa internalization into epithelial cells and pharmacologic manipulation of the host pathways involved may represent new therapeutic targets in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection.
Nuclear Protein Interactions with the Human KDR/flk-1 Promoter in Vivo

The endothelial cell type-specific tyrosine kinase KDR/flk-1 is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor and a critical regulator of endothelial cell growth and development. To study mechanisms of endothelial cell differentiation and gene regulation, we have analyzed the topology of the proximal promoter of human KDR/flk-1. A protected sequence between base pairs −110 and −25 was defined by in vitro DNase I footprinting analysis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Purified Sp1 alone produced similar protection, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that Sp1 was indeed the major nuclear protein binding to this region. Despite the cell type specificity of KDR/flk-1 expression, no cell type differences were observed in DNA-protein interactions in vitro. In contrast, in vivo footprinting assays demonstrated marked differences in core promoter interactions between cell types. Protection of Sp1 binding sites was observed in HUVECs by in vivo DNase I footprinting, whereas in human fibroblasts and HeLa cells a pattern consistent with nucleosomal positioning was observed. In vivo dimethylsulfate footprinting confirmed that DNA-protein interactions occurred within Sp1 elements in HUVECs but not in nonendothelial cells. It is possible that distant elements coordinate Sp1 binding and chromatin structure to regulate cell type-specific expression of KDR/flk-1.
The Research Base for Renzulli's Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness

After stressing the importance of subjecting conceptions of giftedness to critical scrutiny, the authors analyze the research cited in support of Renzulli's (1978) three-ring conception of giftedness. A close reading of the original studies leads to the conclusion that the cited research constitutes a weak and equivocal case for this definition. Furthermore, the authors argue that some of the research has been misinterpreted and should instead be seen as leading logically to conclusions antithetical to Renzulli's. The authors conclude that, when judged on the basis of the strength of its research base, this conception of giftedness is of questionable validity, although it may be defensible as an implicit conception.