Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing Metapopulation Connectivity Criteria from Genetic and Habitat Data to Recover the Endangered Mexican Wolf

Restoring connectivity between fragmented populations is an important tool for alleviating genetic threats to endangered species. Yet recovery plans typically lack quantitative criteria for ensuring such population connectivity. We demonstrate how models that integrate habitat, genetic, and demographic data can be used to develop connectivity criteria for the endangered Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi), which is currently being restored to the wild from a captive population descended from 7 founders. We used population viability analysis that incorporated pedigree data to evaluate the relation between connectivity and persistence for a restored Mexican wolf metapopulation of 3 populations of equal size. Decreasing dispersal rates greatly increased extinction risk for small populations (<150–200), especially as dispersal rates dropped below 0.5 genetically effective migrants per generation. We compared observed migration rates in the Northern Rocky Mountains (NRM) wolf metapopulation to 2 habitat‐based effective distance metrics, least‐cost and resistance distance. We then used effective distance between potential primary core populations in a restored Mexican wolf metapopulation to evaluate potential dispersal rates. Although potential connectivity was lower in the Mexican wolf versus the NRM wolf metapopulation, a connectivity rate of >0.5 genetically effective migrants per generation may be achievable via natural dispersal under current landscape conditions. When sufficient data are available, these methods allow planners to move beyond general aspirational connectivity goals or rules of thumb to develop objective and measurable connectivity criteria that more effectively support species recovery. The shift from simple connectivity rules of thumb to species‐specific analyses parallels the previous shift from general minimum‐viable‐population thresholds to detailed viability modeling in endangered species recovery planning.
The power of mobile notifications to increase wellbeing logging behavior

Self-logging is a critical component to many wellbeing systems. However, self-logging often is difficult to sustain at regular intervals over many weeks. We demonstrate the power of passive mobile notifications to increase logging of wellbeing data, particularly food intake, in a mobile health service. Adding notifications increased the frequency of logging from 12% in a one-month, ten-user pilot study without reminders to 63% in the full 60-user study with reminders included. We will discuss the benefits of passive notifications over existing interruptive methods.
Evolvement of Uniformity and Volatility in the Stressed Global Financial Village

Background In the current era of strong worldwide market couplings the global financial village became highly prone to systemic collapses, events that can rapidly sweep throughout the entire village. Methodology/Principal Findings We present a new methodology to assess and quantify inter-market relations. The approach is based on the correlations between the market index, the index volatility, the market Index Cohesive Force and the meta-correlations (correlations between the intra-correlations.) We investigated the relations between six important world markets—U.S., U.K., Germany, Japan, China and India—from January 2000 until December 2010. We found that while the developed “western” markets (U.S., U.K., Germany) are highly correlated, the interdependencies between these markets and the developing “eastern” markets (India and China) are volatile and with noticeable maxima at times of global world events. The Japanese market switches “identity”—it switches between periods of high meta-correlations with the “western” markets and periods when it behaves more similarly to the “eastern” markets. Conclusions/Significance The methodological framework presented here provides a way to quantify the evolvement of interdependencies in the global market, evaluate a world financial network and quantify changes in the world inter market relations. Such changes can be used as precursors to the agitation of the global financial village. Hence, the new approach can help to develop a sensitive “financial seismograph” to detect early signs of global financial crises so they can be treated before they develop into worldwide events.
Diagnostic Accuracy of ELISA and xMAP Technology for Analysis of Amyloid β42 and Tau Proteins

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid β42 (Aβ42) peptides and tau proteins may serve as biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD). Recently, the xMAP technology has been introduced as an alternative to ELISA for measurement of these markers. Methods: We used xMAP assays and ELISA to analyze CSF concentrations of Aβ42, total tau (t-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) in samples from 69 patients with Alzheimer disease, 26 patients with vascular dementia, and 55 controls without neurological disorders. Results: High CV values (>28%) for the ratio of xMAP:ELISA were observed for each biomarker, indicating that a constant correction factor cannot be applied to recalculate xMAP results into ELISA results. When a combination of CSF markers was used, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curves for xMAP assays and ELISAs were not significantly different in differentiating AD patients from vascular dementia patients and controls. Conclusions: A constant conversion factor cannot be used successfully to recalculate results obtained with xMAP assays to those from the ELISAs. With the use of analysis of a combination of Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau in CSF, however, differentiation of clinical groups is equivalent when either xMAP technology or conventional ELISA is used.
Take the best or look at the rest? Factors influencing "one-reason" decision making.

Aspects of an experimental environment were manipulated in 3 experiments to examine the parameters under which the "take-the-best" (TTB) heuristic (e.g., G. Gigerenzer & D. G. Goldstein, 1996) operates. Results indicated TTB use to be more prevalent when the cost of information was high, when validities of the cues were known, and when a deterministic environment was used. However, large individual variability in strategy use was observed as well as a significant proportion of behavior inconsistent with TTB, expecially its stopping rule. The results demarcate some of the heuristic's boundary conditions and also question the validity of TTB as a psychologically plausible and pervasive model of behavior.
Maximum likelihood kernel density estimation

Methods for improving the basic kernel density estimator include variable locations, variable bandwidths (often called variable kernels) and variable weights. Currently these methods are implemented separately and via pilot estimation of variation functions derived from asymptotic considerations. In this paper, we propose a simple maximum likelihood procedure which allows (in its greatest generality) variation of all these quantities at once, bypasses asymptotics and explicit pilot estimation, and turns out to perform better. This maximum likelihood kernel density estimation, which involves a greatly overparametrised mixture model, works because the overall bandwidth (the geometric mean of individual bandwidths) is fixed. This overall bandwidth, in turn, is the single smoothing parameter of the methodology which has to be chosen separately. And the method has a further advantage: it automatically reduces, where appropriate, to a few-component mixture model which indicates and initialises parametric mixture modelling of the data. We set out simple algorithms, perform a substantial simulation study, give an illustrative example and provide some background theory. For computational and performance reasons we particularly recommend the variable location version of the methodology.
Multi-Cell Joint Optimization to Mitigate Pilot Contamination for Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems

In this paper, a multi-cell joint optimization scheme based on pilot allocation is proposed in order to mitigate pilot contamination for multi- cell massive MIMO systems. This method measures interference of each pilot sequence caused by users multiplexing from adjacent cells exploiting the massive MIMO characteristics of fading channels. The scheme takes jointly optimizing a plurality of cells into account to ensure users in poor channel conditions suffering from less interference after the assignment, and improves the system performance with low computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Don't just do something … stand there: using action learning to help organisations work with anxiety

This article gives an account of their work with psychodynamic principles within an action learning framework. Linklater and Kellner are primarily Organisation Development consultants with a rich heritage in psychodynamic theory and methods. Having worked with action learning for decades (and seen hugely positive results using traditional models) they decided to do something a little different with their action learning model. They wondered how it might be if, during the action learning process, they looked at what was going on in the here and now of the group – including what was going on between the group members. By paying explicit attention to the unconscious within the group and themselves they brought the opportunity to work with richer, deeper information to the group. When set members chose to act upon this information, the stage was set for lasting, sustainable learning and change.
Validity of Scores on Three Attachment Style Scales: Exploratory and Confirmatory Evidence

This study reports the development of three attachment style scales. The factor structure of the attachment style construct was supported via exploratory factor analysis of attachment style scores from 1,181 recent graduates of one university and confirmatory factor analysis of scores from 545 recent graduates of another university. Additional evidence for the validity of scores produced by the scales was that scores on the new measures correlated with scores from previously developed scales and were associated as expected with scores on a measure of the Big Five personality traits.
Measuring video quality in the network: from quality of service to user experience

Consumers demand video delivery to a wide variety of multimedia capable playback devices in dissimilar contexts. Monitoring the quality of the network provides a preliminary indication of the video quality end-users can expect. However, more advanced measurements are needed to reliably predict perceived quality. In this paper, we provide information on how to measure video quality, from leveraging fundamental and pure network measurements all the way to modeling and measuring perceived video quality. Currently, video quality research is migrating towards measuring Quality of Experience and User Experience, which is known to be highly subjective and dynamic. Therefore, we also present and discuss the research challenges resulting from this change in focus in more detail.
Mediating Communities and Cultures: A Case Study of Informal Helpers in an Old Order Mennonite Community

This paper reports on a qualitative case study exploring the significance of informal helpers in a closed, traditional ethno-religious Old Order Mennonite community in rural Ontario. Three key points are discussed. First, respondents expressed that a person's ability, wisdom, and usefulness to the community must be earned rather than assumed on the basis of credentials or professional status. Second, the role of informal helpers is honored by community members, regardless of whether it is recognized by the world around them. And finally, the function of informal helpers as cultural brokers is vital to the preservation of the community. When outside professional intervention is considered necessary, respect for established traditions requires primary engagement and negotiation with informal helpers.
Personality, Nations, and Innovation

Research has shown relationships between personality factors and innovation at the level of the individual person. Recently, data have become available that would allow testing of these relationships at the nation-state level. Based on theoretical aspects of the Big Five factors of personality, and on empirical work conducted using individuals as the unit of analysis, the authors hypothesize that mean national scores of Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness would be related to national innovation scores. Multinational data on mean national scores of the Big Five Inventory and the NEO-PI–R are compared to national-level innovation input and output scores from the International Innovation Index and the Global Innovation Index. On both indices, the results of the analyses using the NEO-PI-R show strong, positive relationships between Openness to Experience and both aspects of innovation, a strong positive relationship between Agreeableness and innovation inputs and no relationships between Conscientiousness and either innovation inputs or outputs. The analyses using the Big Five Inventory data shows no reliable relationship between national-level personality and national innovation scores. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for what one can learn from national-level studies of personality and innovation. Suggestions are offered to those governments and financial institutions interested in encouraging economic growth via innovation.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Peramivir in Healthy Volunteers and Influenza Patients

ABSTRACT Peramivir is an intravenous anti-influenza agent that inhibits viral growth by selectively inhibiting neuraminidase in human influenza A and B viruses. To characterize its pharmacokinetics, a population pharmacokinetic analysis of peramivir was performed using 3,199 plasma concentration data samples from 332 subjects in six clinical studies in Japan and the United States, including studies with renal impairment subjects, elderly subjects, and influenza patients. A three-compartment model well described the plasma concentration data for peramivir, and creatinine clearance was found to be the most important factor influencing clearance. Age and body weight were also found to be covariates for clearance and the volume of distribution, respectively. No difference in pharmacokinetics was found between genders or between Japanese and U.S. subjects. Small differences in pharmacokinetics were observed between uninfected subjects and influenza patients (clearance was 18% higher and the volume of distribution was 6% lower in influenza patients). Monte Carlo simulations indicated that single adjusted doses of 1/3- and 1/6-fold for patients with moderate and severe renal impairment, respectively, would give areas under the curve comparable to those for patients with normal renal function. The population pharmacokinetic model developed for peramivir should be useful for understanding its pharmacokinetic characteristics and for dose adjustment on the basis of renal function.
A Critical Analysis of Job‐satisfied Teachers in Japan

The 1980s in Japan may be characterised as a period when Japan has devoted much energy and thought to what reforms and improvements are needed, and how we should implement them at the national level. It is the time for Japan to deal with the 'third great education reform', to revitalise the formal education system and its content, which have been faced with so many difficult and unusual problems, and to find ways to cope wth the internationalisation of Japan, the coming age of information, and the idea of a learning society or lifelong education. A National Council on Educational Reform was established at the Prime Minister's Office in 1985 and requested to discuss the basic guidelines of the 'third educational reform'. In the report of the National Council on Educational Reform, the Council advocates improvement in the quality of teachers. A variety of reform and improvement programmes that were recommended include the introduction of in-service training for beginning teachers, the systematisation of in-service training of teachers, the introduction of a more flexible teacher-certification system, improvement of the procedures for appointing new teachers in order to attract competent people who are working in other areas, and revision of the content of teacher-training (National Council on Educational Reform, 1986). According to the guidelines and programe of educational reform, some reforms have already been implemented through the revised law of 1988 concerning the certification of teachers. The training of more highly motivated, capable and competent teachers is now one of the greatest and most important tasks of teacher-education policies in Japan. The present cross-cultural study of secondary teachers in various countries may have significant implications for Japanese teacher policy, which will be considered at the end of this paper.
Volunteer Decision Making By Older People: A Test of a Revised Theory of Planned Behavior

This study was designed to test the utility of a revised theory of planned behavior in the prediction of intentions to volunteer among older people. Such a perspective allowed for the consideration of a broader range of social and contextual factors than has been examined in previous research on volunteer decision making among older people. The article reports the findings from a study that investigated volunteer intentions and behavior in a random sample of older people aged 65 to 74 years living in an Australian capital city. Results showed that, as predicted by the revised theory of planned behavior, intention to volunteer predicted subsequent reported volunteer behavior. Intention was, in turn, predicted by social norms (both subjective and behavioral), perceived behavioral control, and moral obligation, with the effect of attitude being mediated through moral obligation.
Attachment and representations of peer relationships

Three studies explored the connection between attachment and peer-related representations. Children heard stories in which a peer with ambiguous intent caused a negative event. Study 1 examined three aspects of peer-related representations in 3 1/2-Year-olds: representations of(a) peer intent, (b) behavioral responses to the event, and (c) peer feelings. Children's representations of the mother's response to the event were also examined. Study 2 examined the connection between attachment and the same aspects of peer-related representations in kindergarten and 1st-grade children. The proposition implicit in attachment theory that it is children's representations of peer relationships that in part account for the connection between child-parent attachment and relations with peers was also tested. Study 3 focused on representations of peer intent in connection with self-reported maternal and paternal rejection in 5th graders.
The Impact of Positive and Negative Fitness Exemplars on Motivation

In 3 studies, we examined whether exposure to exemplars of either excellent or poor physical fitness would influence participants' motivation to improve their eating and exercise habits. In Study 1, we exposed participants to positive and negative physical fitness exemplars and then assessed their eating and exercise behavioral intentions. In Study 2, participants indicated the degree to which they would be motivated by exemplars highlighting either (a) positive or negative physical fitness levels or (b) the body shape consequences of excellent or poor fitness levels. In Study 3, we assessed the effect of positive and negative fitness exemplars when body shape consequences were salient. Across studies, participants were motivated by positive physical fitness exemplars regardless of whether body shape outcomes were highlighted. In contrast, participants were motivated by negative physical fitness exemplars only when undesirable body shape consequences were salient.
The Price of Conformism

As previous agency models have shown, fund managers with career concerns have an incentive to imitate the recent trading strategy of other managers. We embed this rational conformist tendency in a stylized …nancial market with limited arbitrage. Equilibrium prices incorporate a reputational premium or discount, which is a monotonic function of past trade between careerdriven traders and the rest of the market. Our prediction is tested with quarterly data on US institutional holdings from 1983 to 2004. We …nd evidence that stocks that have been persistently bought (sold) by institutions in the past 3 to 5 quarters underperform (overperform) the rest of the market in the next 12 to 30 months. Our results are of similar magnitude to, but distinct from, other known asset pricing anomalies. Our …ndings challenge the mainstream view of the roles played by individuals and institutions in generating asset pricing anomalies.
The impact of social support on the development of burnout in teachers: Examination of a model

Abstract This study examined the antecedents and consequences of burnout, including the roles of work stressors and social support from supervisors and co-workers, in a sample of 833 teachers at all levels within a Canadian school board. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach and Jackson 1986), which yields scores on three sub-scales; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. LISREL analysis was used to test a research model in which relationships among burnout sub-scales were examined as well as their relationship to external variables. It was found that greater co-worker support contributed to the prediction of burnout, particularly to decreased depersonalization and increased feelings of accomplishment.
Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex

The structure of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) was investigated using five histological and immunohistochemical stains and was correlated with a previous analysis in macaque monkeys [Carmichael and Price ( 1994 ) J. Comp. Neurol. 346:366–402]. A cortical area was recognized if it was distinct with at least two stains and was found in similar locations in different brains. All of the areas recognized in the macaque OMPFC have counterparts in humans. Areas 11, 13, and 14 were subdivided into areas 11m, 11l, 13a, 13b, 13m, 13l, 14r, and 14c. Within area 10, the region corresponding to area 10m in monkeys was divided into 10m and 10r, and area 10o (orbital) was renamed area 10p (polar). Areas 47/12r, 47/12m, 47/12l, and 47/12s occupy the lateral orbital cortex, corresponding to monkey areas 12r, 12m, 12l, and 12o. The agranular insula (areas Iam, Iapm, Iai, and Ial) extends onto the caudal orbital surface and into the horizontal ramus of the lateral sulcus. The growth of the frontal pole in humans has pushed area 25 and area 32pl, which corresponds to the prelimbic area 32 in Brodmann's monkey brain map, caudal and ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum. Anterior cingulate areas 24a and 24b also extend ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum. Area 32ac, corresponding to the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32 in Brodmann's human brain map, is anterior and dorsal to the genu. The parallel organization of the OMPFC in monkeys and humans allows experimental data from monkeys to be applied to studies of the human cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 460:425–449, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.