Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shedding light on the ``dark side'' of B 0 d ?bar B 0 d mixing through B d ??+?? , K???bar nu and B d,s ??+??

In a wide class of new-physics models, which can be motivated through generic arguments and within supersymmetry, we obtain large contributions to B 0 d ? 0 d mixing, but not to ? B = 1 processes. If we assume such a scenario, the solutions d ~ 47o V 133o for the B 0 d ? 0 d mixing phase implied by CP mix (B d ? J/? K S) cannot be converted directly into a constraint in the ? plane. However, we may complement d with |V ub /V cb | and the recently measured CP asymmetries in B d ? +? to determine the unitarity triangle, with its angles ? , ? and ? To this end, we have also to control penguin effects, which we do by means of the CP-averaged B d ? K ? branching ratio. Interestingly, the present data show a perfectly consistent picture not only for the ``standard'' solution of d ~ 47o, but also for d ~ 133o. In the latter case, the preferred region for the apex of the unitarity triangle is in the second quadrant, allowing us to accommodate conveniently 90^\circ$>? >90o, which is also favoured by other non-leptonic B decays such as B? K . Moreover, also the prediction for BR(K +? +? ) can be brought to better agreement with experiment. Further strategies to explore this scenario with the help of B d,s ? +? decays are discussed as well.
Expressing default abduction problems as quantified Boolean formulas

Abduction is the process of finding explanations for observed phenomena in accord to known laws about a given application domain. This form of reasoning is an important principle of common-sense reasoning and is particularly relevant in conjunction with nonmonotonic knowledge representation formalisms. In this paper, we deal with a model for abduction in which the domain knowledge is represented in terms of a default theory. We show how the main reasoning tasks associated with this particular form of abduction can be axiomatised within the language of quantified Boolean logic. More specifically, we provide polynomial-time constructible reductions mapping a given abduction problem into a quantified Boolean formula (QBF) such that the satisfying truth assignments to the free variables of the latter determine the solutions of the original problem. Since there are now efficient QBF-solvers available, this reduction technique yields a straightforward method to implement the discussed abduction tasks. We describe a realisation of this approach by appeal to the reasoning system QUIP.
Asymptotic Expansions for Heavy-Tailed Data

Heavy-tailed distributions are present in the characterization of different modern systems such as high-resolution imaging, cloud computing, and cognitive radio networks. Commonly, the cumulants of these distributions cannot be defined from a certain order, and this restricts the applicability of traditional methods. To fill this gap, the present letter extends the traditional Edgeworth and Cornish-Fisher expansions, which are based on the cumulants, to analogous asymptotic expansions based on the log-cumulants. The proposed expansions inherit the capability of log-cumulants to characterize heavy-tailed distributions and parallel traditional expansions. Thus, they are readily implemented. Interestingly, the proposed expansions are applicable for light-tailed distributions as well.
A Coevolutionary Approach to Learning Sequential Decision Rules

We present a coevolutionary approach to learning sequential decision rules which appears to have a number of advantages over non-coevolutionary approaches. The coevolutionary approach encourages the formation of stable niches representing simpler subbehaviors. The evolutionary direction of each subbehavior can be controlled independently, providing an alternative to evolving complex behavior using intermediate training steps. Results are presented showing a significant learning rate speedup over a noncoevolutionary approach in a simulated robot domain. In addition, the results suggest the coevolutionary approach may lead to emergent problem decompositions.
Urinary steroids, FSH and CG measurements for monitoring the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the chimpanzee

Non‐invasive methods for monitoring reproductive status of chimpanzee based on the measurement of urinary steroids and gonadotropins were examined. A typical pre‐ovulatory urinary estrone conjugate (E1C) surge and post‐ovulatory increase in pregnandiol glucuronide (PdG) were seen during the menstrual cycle. Urinary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) showed two peaks over the infertile menstrual cycle. The earliest changes indicating pregnancy were a coincident rise in E1C and chorionic gonadotropin (CG) levels and a concomitant fall in FSH levels. Urinary PdG levels showed a prolonged rise. Urinary E1C in the pregnant chimpanzee was higher than during the menstrual cycle and increased with advancing gestation, with maximum levels occurring near term. In the case of stillbirth, E1C and CG levels from mid‐ through late‐pregnancy were low and the prepartum progressive increase in E1C was not shown. The data presented here are of great practical value in captive breeding management of chimpanzees.
Status, Happiness, and Relative Income

Models of status based on Frank’s (1985) count of the number of people with lower conspicuous consumption are inconsistent with the extensive empirical literature on happiness and well-being. The alternative approach to consumption interaction which uses some form of relative income has been developed in various contexts. These predict that a representative agent’s well-being will increase with real income or consumption. However, this is again inconsistent with the time-series evidence for advanced economies. In this paper we combine a simple model of relative income with a distribution of ability that correctly predicts both time series results of near constant utility, and the positive, concave cross-sectional relation between income, working time and happiness.
View-based query containment

Query containment is the problem of checking whether for all databases the answer to a query is a subset of the answer to a second query. In several data management tasks, such as data integration, mobile computing, etc., the data of interest are only accessible through a given set of views. In this case, containment of queries should be determined relative to the set of views, as already noted in the literature. Such a form of containment, which we call view-based query containment, is the subject of this paper. The problem comes in various forms, depending on whether each of the two queries is expressed over the base alphabet or the alphabet of the view names. We present a thorough analysis of view-based query containment, by discussing all possible combinations from a semantic point of view, and by showing their mutual relationships. In particular, for the two settings of conjunctive queries and two-way regular path queries, we provide both techniques and complexity bounds for the different variants of the problem. Finally, we study the relationship between view-based query containment and view-based query rewriting.
Normal Numbers with Respect to the Cantor Series Expansion

Fix a sequence of integers $Q=\{q_n\}_{n=1}^\infty$ such that $q_n$ is greater than or equal to 2 for all $n$. In this paper, we improve upon results by J. Galambos and F. Schweiger showing that almost every (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) real number in $[0,1)$ is $Q$-normal with respect to the $Q$-Cantor series expansion for sequences $Q$ that satisfy a certain condition. We also provide asymptotics describing the number of occurrences of blocks of digits in the $Q$-Cantor series expansion of a typical number. The notion of strong $Q$-normality, that satisfies a similar typicality result, is introduced. Both of these notions are equivalent for the $b$-ary expansion, but strong normality is stronger than normality for the Cantor series expansion. In order to show this, we provide an explicit construction of a sequence $Q$ and a real number that is $Q$-normal, but not strongly $Q$-normal. We use the results in this paper to show that under a mild condition on the sequence $Q$, a set satisfying a weaker notion of normality, studied by A. R\'enyi in \cite{Renyi}, will be dense in $[0,1)$.
Movie review analysis: Emotion analysis of IMDb movie reviews

Movie ratings and reviews at sites such as IMDb or Amazon are commonly used by moviegoers to decide which movie to watch or buy next. Currently, moviegoers base their decisions as to which movie to watch by looking at the ratings of movies as well as reading some of the reviews at IMDb or Amazon. This paper argues that there is a better way: reviewers movie scores and reviews can be analyzed with respect to their emotion content, aggregated and projected onto a movie, resulting in an emotion map for a movie. One can then make a decision on which movie to watch next by selecting those movies having emotion maps with certain emotion map patterns desirable for him/her. This paper is a first step towards the above-listed scenario.
Review of PHEV and HEV operation and control research for future direction

This paper identifies recent plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) literature for the purpose of analysis in determining future direction. The authors have utilized and expanded on a procedure for analyzing control strategies which is found in Wirasingha et al. The existing procedure allocates control strategies into the four categories previously determined optimization based blended control, rule based blended control, multi-mode control, and hybrid only control and is given the heading control paradigms in this paper. Extending on this control strategy classification in the identification of the control paradigms, the ranking of individual controllers is undertaken in the control schemes section of this paper, to scrutinize the advantages and disadvantages of each system. This ranking system identifies three control strategies of significant interest to PHEV and HEV operation; predictive optimization, adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), and online optimization controllers. Additionally the analysis completed identifies a comparison of selected controller performance attributes namely: accuracy, computational complexity, a priori knowledge and portability, which determine the potential outcomes of integrating control systems with the respective strategies. From the analysis of existing literature the summary of this article realizes the PHEV and HEV operation and control design criteria that have shown significant improvements to performance and that are of particular importance for future design integration and implementation.
A minor role of WNK3 in regulating phosphorylation of renal NKCC2 and NCC co-transporters in vivo

Summary Mutations in WNK1 and WNK4 kinase genes have been shown to cause a human hereditary hypertensive disease, pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII). We previously discovered that WNK kinases phosphorylate and activate OSR1/SPAK kinases that regulate renal SLC12A family transporters such as NKCC2 and NCC, and clarified that the constitutive activation of this cascade causes PHAII. WNK3, another member of the WNK kinase family, was reported to be a strong activator of NCC/NKCC2 when assayed in Xenopus oocytes, suggesting that WNK3 also plays a major role in regulating blood pressure and sodium reabsorption in the kidney. However, it remains to be determined whether WNK3 is in fact involved in the regulation of these transporters in vivo. To clarify this issue, we generated and analyzed WNK3 knockout mice. Surprisingly, phosphorylation and expression of OSR1, SPAK, NKCC2 and NCC did not decrease in knockout mouse kidney under normal and low-salt diets. Similarly, expression of epithelial Na channel and Na/H exchanger 3 were not affected in knockout mice. Na+ and K+ excretion in urine in WNK3 knockout mice was not affected under different salt diets. Blood pressure in WNK3 knockout mice was not lower under normal diet. However, lower blood pressure was observed in WNK3 knockout mice fed low-salt diet. WNK4 and WNK1 expression was slightly elevated in the knockout mice under low-salt diet, suggesting compensation for WNK3 knockout by these WNKs. Thus, WNK3 may have some role in the WNK-OSR1/SPAK-NCC/NKCC2 signal cascade in the kidney, but its contribution to total WNK kinase activity may be minimal.
Common intestinal parasites.

Intestinal parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality. Diseases caused by Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia lamblia, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Entamoeba histolytica occur in the United States. E. vermicularis, or pinworm, causes irritation and sleep disturbances. Diagnosis can be made using the "cellophane tape test. " Treatment includes mebendazole and household sanitation. Giardia causes nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss. Stool ova and parasite studies are diagnostic. Treatment includes metronidazole. Sewage treatment, proper handwashing, and consumption of bottled water can be preventive. A. duodenale and N. americanus are hookworms that cause blood loss, anemia, pica, and wasting. Finding eggs in the feces is diagnostic. Treatments include albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, iron supplementation, and blood transfusion. Preventive measures include wearing shoes and treating sewage. E. histolytica can cause intestinal ulcerations, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, fever, gastrointestinal obstruction, and peritonitis. Amebas can cause abscesses in the liver that may rupture into the pleural space, peritoneum, or pericardium. Stool and serologic assays, biopsy, barium studies, and liver imaging have diagnostic merit. Therapy includes luminal and tissue amebicides to attack both life-cycle stages. Metronidazole, chloroquine, and aspiration are treatments for liver abscess. Careful sanitation and use of peeled foods and bottled water are preventive.
Aetiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections among Children Under Five Years in Accra, Ghana

The study aimed to investigate the aetiological agents and clinical presentations associated with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) among children under five years old at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. This was a cross-sectional study carried from February to December 2001. Nasopharyngeal aspirates and venous blood specimens obtained from 108 children with features suggestive of ALRI, were cultured and the isolated bacterial organisms were identified biochemically. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were also tested for Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV) antigen using a commercial kit (Becton Dickinson Directigen RSV test kit). A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was also used to detect and characterize RSV using extracted RNA. Socio-demographic and clinical data were also obtained from the study subjects. Bronchopneumonia (55.5%), bronchiolitis (25%), lobar pneumonia (10.2), non-specific ALRI (4.6%), TB, bronchitis and respiratory distress (0.67%) were diagnosed. The prevalence of septicaemia was 10% and bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and enteric bacteria, including Salmonella spp. , Enterobacter spp and Klebsiella spp, were isolated. Out of the 108 cases, 18% tested positive for RSV, with two cases having RSV as the only aetiological pathogen detected. The subtyping analysis of RSV strains by a multiplex RT-PCR showed that subgroups A and B circulated in the season of analysis.
Doctor and Patient Injuries "In the War on Drugs": A Review of 4 individual practices in Washington DC

Background: This study reviews physician and patient injuries from the practice closures of four individual practitioners in Washington DC. Method: Retrospective review of patient records, vital statistics and relevant administrative - legal files related to the office closures. Results: Approximately 1000 patients were affected by the office closures. Among them there were 14 suicides and one premature death and 2 near-death experiences. Among physicians injuries included one fatality and three serious injuries. Discussion: An alarmingly high number of suicides seems to be consistent with previous findings that some vulnerable patients may die prematurely after discontinuation of stable opiate treatment. The serious nature of physician injuries seem to indicate inhumane and unsafe treatment of physicians under the custody of DOJ. Conclusion: Administrative closures of psychiatric and pain practice may present a high risk of injuries and premature death.
Diversity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from biofilm samples and cell surface hydrophobicity.

Biofi lm formation is a well known phenomenon in the medical and health care fi elds. Biofi lm infection has recently attained a greater importance as an intractable infectious disease since the number of persons easily infected is rising as the percentage of the elderly population increases (Costerton et al., 1999). The environmental hygienic equipment and paper manufacturing industries call this phenomenon slime, and reportedly have considerable diffi culty in preventing it (Blanco et al., 1997; Väisänen et al., 1994). Biofi lms exist in our life environment such as the kitchen and bathroom, and are typically described as ‘slimy’ or ‘clammy. ’ We analyzed heterotrophic bacteria constituting the biofi lm produced in cooling towers for air-conditioning and houses (bathroom drain) from a new viewpoint in which the internal environment of the biofi lm is relatively eutrophic, and measured the hydrophobicity of the cell surface layer to investigate the adhesiveness of isolates. The test samples were as follows; A: This biofi lm was collected from the heat exchanger of a cooling tower installed to cool the production line in a food manufacturing plant in Ibaraki Prefecture. The cooling tower was installed in 1998, and 5 tons of water was retained. For supply water, industrial and well water was mixed and used (pH: 8.1, electric conductivity: 48 mS/m, all hardness: 137 mg/L, chloride ion: 39 mg/L, sulfuric acid ion: 83 mg/L, silica: 64 mg/L). The biofi lm sample was black and muddy. This biofi lm (350 g) was combined with 350 ml of sterile saline, vigorously shaken for 30 min, and kept at 4°C overnight. The supernatant was centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 5 min, and the resulting supernatant was used as the sample. B: A biofi lm which had formed in a bathroom drain (material: polypropylene, thickness: about 1 mm) in a house in the Tokyo metropolitan area was scraped with sterile swabs and kept in sterile saline during transport. After macroscopic observation, the sample biofi lm was collected by centrifugation at 1,000 rpm for 1 min. This procedure was repeated twice to wash the biofi lm with sterile saline, followed by vigorous mixing using a vortex for 15 min, and the sample was fi nally adjusted to 20 ml (TOC: 100.6 mg/L, ammonium ion: 0.25 mg/L, phosphoric acid ion, nitric acid ion and nitrous acid ion: not detected). The number of constituent bacteria was measured in consideration of the nutrients in the medium and duration of culture. Eutrophic BHI agar medium (BD, USA) and oligotrophic R2A agar medium (0.5 g pepton, 0.5 g yeast extract, 0.5 g casamino acid, 0.5 g J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 55, 69‒74 (2009)
Grannies on the Net: Grandmothers’ Experiences of Facebook in Family Communication

Despite ageist stereotypes about older people’s abilities to engage with information and communication technologies, grandparents are increasingly engaged with digital media. Grandmothers, in particular, are primarily responsible for using of web-based services to communicate with their children and grandchildren (Quadrello et al., 2005). Photos and news from children and grandchildren, especially grandbabies, act as important incentives for grandparents to go online. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to investigate how grandmothers use Facebook to facilitate family communication with children and grandchildren who move far away from home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with grandmothers living in Romania and Canada, having a Facebook account and relevant family members (children or grandchildren) far from home. Three themes emerged from the data indicating: 1) the tendency to switch between different platforms to facilitate family communication; 2) the relative passive use of Facebook, focusing on photos and quotations as content that trigger emotions; 3) that Facebook usage is influenced by social norms around decency and privacy. Findings suggest that family relationships play a central role in grandmothers’ motivations and behaviours surrounding Facebook use.
Tuberculosis situation among tribal population of Car Nicobar, India, 15 years after intensive tuberculosis control project and implementation of a national tuberculosis programme.

OBJECTIVE To assess the tuberculosis (TB) situation in the tribal community of Car Nicobar island 15 years after the national TB programme was implemented in this area after an intensive phase of TB control in 1986. METHODS The entire population of Car Nicobar was enumerated through a house-to-house survey. Children aged <14 years were tuberculin tested and read for reaction sizes. Individuals aged >15 years were asked about the presence of chest symptoms (cough, chest pain, and unexplained fever for two weeks or longer and haemoptysis), and sputum samples were collected from patients with chest symptoms. Sputum samples were examined for presence of acid-fast bacilli. FINDINGS Among the 4,543 children enumerated, 4,351 (95.8%) were tuberculin tested and read. Of the 981 children without bacille Calmette-Guerin scars, 161 (16.4%) were infected with TB. A total of 77 cases who were smear-positive for TB were detected from among 10,570 people aged >15 years; the observed smear-positive case prevalence was 728.5 per 100,000. The standardized prevalence of TB infection, annual risk of TB infection, and prevalence of cases smear-positive for TB were 17.0%, 2.5%, and 735.3 per 100,000, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of TB infection and smear-positive cases of TB increased significantly between 1986 and 2002. Such escalation took place despite the implementation of the national TB programme on this island, which was preceded by a set of special anti-TB measures that resulted in sputum conversion in a substantially large proportion of the smear-positive cases prevalent in the community. The most likely reason for the increase seems to be the absence of a district TB programme with enough efficiency to sustain the gains made from the one-time initial phase of special anti-TB measures. High risk of transmission of TB infection currently observed on this island calls for a drastic and sustained improvement in TB control measures.
Computer mediated collaborative learning

Graduate business schools teach subjects that centre around students developing processing skills. Processing skills are combinations of analytical, creative, and practical abilities and are instrumental in achieving success. Collaborative learning facilitates learning skills that would generally fall in the realms of processing skills. However, collaborative learning presents issues in creating collaborative projects, administering, enabling and encouraging students to participate, monitoring and assessing the process and the outcomes. This paper discusses various mechanisms available within computer mediated modern Learning Management Systems (LMSs) and examines their use in facilitating collaborative learning in classrooms. It presents anecdotal results of an experiment sans scientific methodologies carried out at a graduate business school in India over a span of two years.
Universal fermionization of bosons on permutative representations of the Cuntz algebra O2

Bosons and fermions are described by using canonical generators of Cuntz algebras on any permutative representation. We show a fermionization of bosons which universally holds on any permutative representation of the Cuntz algebra O2. As examples, we show fermionizations on the Fock space and the infinite wedge.