Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Base Address Recognition with Data Flow Tracking for Injection Attack Detection

Vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows exist in some programs, and such vulnerabilities are susceptible to address injection attacks. The input data tracking method, which was proposed before, prevents I-data, which are the data derived from the input data, being used as addresses. However, the rules to determine address injection attacks are vague, which produces many false-positives and false-negatives in detection results. Generally, the data used as an address consist of a base address and an address offset. We propose an architectural technique to prevent I-data overwriting B-data, which are the data used as base addresses in this paper. It dynamically recognizes the I-data and the B-data. Address injection is detected if I-data that are not B-data are used as addresses. We implemented the proposed technique on a Pentium-based Bochs emulator and investigated its detection capability. We believe that the technique is the most accurate injection detection technique proposed thus far
Increased IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 mRNA expression in blood mononuclear cells observed in a prospective ischemic stroke study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ischemic brain injury secondary to arterial occlusion is characterized by acute local inflammation, which involves accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Factors that influence the recruitment of PMN could represent new therapeutic targets in acute stroke. In this prospective study we evaluated numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) expressing mRNA for interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) after ischemic stroke. METHODS Peripheral blood was obtained on days 1 to 3, 4 to 10, and 20 to 31 after onset of symptoms. In situ hybridization with radiolabeled synthetic oligonucleotide probes was adopted to measure cytokine mRNA expression in PBMC. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-8 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Most patients with ischemic stroke had clearly elevated numbers of IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 mRNA expressing PBMC 1 to 3 days after onset of symptoms compared with healthy individuals (P<0. 0001 for all comparisons). At follow-up after 20 to 31 days, numbers of IL-8 mRNA expressing PBMC were lower than during the acute stage (P<0.001), but only IL-1beta and IL-17 mRNA expression had returned to the level of the healthy individuals. Numbers of MIP-1alpha mRNA expressing PBMC did not differ between patients with ischemic stroke and healthy individuals at any time point. A correlation was observed between numbers of IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 mRNA expressing PBMC and the degree of neurological impairment as measured by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale 1 to 3 days after onset of symptoms (r=0.5; P<0.01 for all correlations). CONCLUSIONS A longitudinal study of patients with ischemic stroke revealed systemic increases of levels of IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 that correlated with Scandinavian Stroke Scale scores. IL-8 levels were further increased in cerebrospinal fluid.
Recent advances in aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis

Aortic valve replacement is no longer an operation that is approached solely through a median sternotomy. Recent advances in the fields of transcatheter valves have expanded the proportion of patients eligible for intervention. Comparisons between transcatheter valves and conventional surgery have shown non-inferiority of transcatheter valve implants in patients with a high or intermediate pre-operative predictive risk. With advances in our understanding of sutureless valves and their applicability to minimally invasive surgery, the invasiveness and trauma of surgery can be reduced with potential improvements in outcome. The strategy of care has radically changed over the last decade.
The Role of Meta-Analysis in Assessing Psychological Gender Differences

The differences model, which argues that males and females are vastly different psychologically, dominates the popular media. Here, the author advances a very different view, the gender similarities hypothesis, which holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. Results from a review of 46 metaanalyses support the gender similarities hypothesis. Gender differences can vary substantially in magnitude at different ages and depend on the context in which measurement occurs. Overinflated claims of gender differences carry substantial costs in areas such as the workplace and relationships.
Study and Implementation of Combined Techniques for Automatic Extraction of Terminology

This paper presents an original method and its implementation to extract terminology from corpora by combining linguistic filters and statistical methods. Starting from a linguistic study of the terms of telecommunication domain, we designed a number of filters which enable us to obtain a first selection of sequences that may be considered as terms. Various statistical scores are applied to this selection and results are evaluated. This method has been applied to French and to English, but this paper deals only with French.
The exact remake: a statistical style analysis of six Hollywood films

Abstract The Prisoner of Zenda (1937), Psycho (1960) and The Omen (1976), and the new versions made from the same scripts in 1952, 1998 and 2006, respectively, are given a detailed statistical analysis. This produces new evidence of stylistic differences between the originals and the form in which they were remade, and new conclusions are drawn from this. A new analytical technique for studying acting is also introduced.
High-Resolution Path-Integral Development of Financial Options

The Black-Scholes theory of option pricing has been considered for many years as an important but very approximate zeroth-order description of actual market behavior. We generalize the functional form of the diffusion of these systems and also consider multi-factor models including stochastic volatility. Daily Eurodollar futures prices and implied volatilities are fit to determine exponents of functional behavior of diffusions using methods of global optimization, Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA), to generate tight fits across moving time windows of Eurodollar contracts. These short-time fitted distributions are then developed into long-time distributions using a robust non-Monte Carlo path-integral algorithm, PATHINT, to generate prices and derivatives commonly used by option traders.
An improved consensus-like method for Minimum Bayes Risk decoding and lattice combination

In this paper we describe a method for Minimum Bayes Risk decoding for speech recognition. This is a technique similar to Consensus a.k. a. Confusion Network Decoding, in which we attempt to find the hypothesis that minimizes the Bayes' Risk with respect to the word error rate, based on a lattice of alternative outputs. Our method is an E-M like technique which makes approximations which we believe are less severe than the approximations made in Consensus, and our experimental results show an improvement in WER both for lattice rescoring and lattice-based system combination, versus baselines such as Consensus, Confusion Network Combination and ROVER.
Erim Report Series Research in Management on the Emergence of Growers' Associations: Self-selection versus Market Power Bibliographic Data and Classifications on the Emergence of Growers' Associations: Self-selection versus Market Power

Cooperatives in agricultural and horticultural markets have faced problems in responding to the increasing differentiation in demand as well as supply. One response is the emergence of growers' associations. They are not vertically integrated forward into a processor/retailer stage of production like cooperatives. This gives processors/retailers the freedom to invest in the direction they most like, given the increasing differentiation in demand. Growers' associations face on the supply side a trade off between self-selection and countervailing power regarding the increasing differentiation in supply. Heterogeneous growers' associations frustrate high quality growers due to the policy of uniform treatment of members, but they are strong in terms of countervailing power of the growers collectively. The opposite holds for homogeneous growers' associations. Abstract Cooperatives in agricultural and horticultural markets have faced problems in responding to the increasing differentiation in demand as well as supply. One response is the emergence of growers' associations. They are not vertically integrated forward into a processor/retailer stage of production like cooperatives. This gives processors/retailers the freedom to invest in the direction they most like, given the increasing differentiation in demand. Growers' associations face on the supply side a trade off between self-selection and countervailing power regarding the increasing differentiation in supply. Heterogeneous growers' associations frustrate high quality growers due to the policy of uniform treatment of members, but they are strong in terms of countervailing power of the growers collectively. The opposite holds for homogeneous growers' associations.
Refined Coding Bounds for Network Error Correction

With respect to a given set of local encoding kernels defining a linear network code, refined versions of the Hamming bound, the Singleton bound and the Gilbert-Varshamov bound for network error correction are proved by the weight properties of network codes. This refined Singleton bound is also proved to be tight for linear message sets.
Molecular mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in avian Salmonella serovars and their mutants selected during the determination of mutant prevention concentrations.

OBJECTIVES Salmonella enterica isolates of six serovars and mutants obtained during determination of mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) were investigated for mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. METHODS The quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes were sequenced. MIC values were determined in the presence/absence of the efflux pump inhibitors carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (CCCP) or Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide (PA beta N). PCR assays for the quinolone resistance genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrS or aac(6')-Ib-cr were applied. The MPC values of ciprofloxacin (MPC(CIP)) were determined for all isolates and selected mutants were investigated for their quinolone resistance mechanisms. RESULTS In contrast to 11 nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates, 24 nalidixic acid-resistant isolates exhibited single mutations in gyrA (Asp-87 --> Tyr, Gly, Asn or Ser-83 --> Phe, Tyr) or parC (Thr-57 --> Ser). While CCCP had no influence on the MICs, PA beta N decreased the MIC(CIP) values by 1-3 dilution steps and MIC(NAL) values by up to 6 dilution steps. Of the resistance genes investigated, only qnrS was present, in a single Salmonella Infantis isolate. The MPC(CIP) values were 4-64-fold higher than the MICs and ranged between 1-16 and 0.12-1 mg/L, respectively, for isolates resistant or susceptible to nalidixic acid. Only mutants obtained from formerly nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates developed single mutations in gyrA or gyrB. CONCLUSIONS In field isolates and mutants, target site mutations and efflux seem to be important mechanisms for decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility. Mutants derived during MPC determination from field isolates already harbouring single-step mutations in gyrA did not exhibit further mutations in any target genes.
Neural Photo Editing with Introspective Adversarial Networks

The increasingly photorealistic sample quality of generative image models suggests their feasibility in applications beyond image generation. We present the Neural Photo Editor, an interface that leverages the power of generative neural networks to make large, semantically coherent changes to existing images. To tackle the challenge of achieving accurate reconstructions without loss of feature quality, we introduce the Introspective Adversarial Network, a novel hybridization of the VAE and GAN. Our model efficiently captures long-range dependencies through use of a computational block based on weight-shared dilated convolutions, and improves generalization performance with Orthogonal Regularization, a novel weight regularization method. We validate our contributions on CelebA, SVHN, and CIFAR-100, and produce samples and reconstructions with high visual fidelity.
Responses of Winter Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency to Irrigation Frequency and Planting Pattern

A suitable planting pattern and irrigation strategy are essential for optimizing winter wheat yield and water use efficiency (WUE). The study aimed to evaluate the impact of planting pattern and irrigation frequency on grain yield and WUE of winter wheat. During the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 winter wheat growing seasons in the North China Plain, the effects of planting patterns and irrigation frequencies were determined on tiller number, grain yield, and WUE. The two planting patterns tested were wide-precision and conventional-cultivation. Each planting pattern had three irrigation regimes: irrigation (120 mm) at the jointing stage; irrigation (60 mm) at both the jointing and heading stages; and irrigation (40 mm) at the jointing, heading, and milking stages. In our study, tiller number was significantly higher in the wide-precision planting pattern than in the conventional-cultivation planting pattern. Additionally, the highest grain yields and WUE were observed when irrigation was applied at the jointing stage (120 mm) or at the jointing and heading stages (60 mm each) in the wide-precision planting pattern. These results could be attributed to higher tiller numbers as well as reduced water consumption due to reduced irrigation frequency. In both growing seasons, applying 60 mm of water at jointing and heading stages resulted in the highest grain yield among the treatments. Based on our results, for winter wheat production in semi-humid regions, we recommend a wide-precision planting pattern with irrigation (60 mm) at both the jointing and heading stages.
Imaging White Matter in Human Brainstem

The human brainstem is critical for the control of many life-sustaining functions, such as consciousness, respiration, sleep, and transfer of sensory and motor information between the brain and the spinal cord. Most of our knowledge about structure and organization of white and gray matter within the brainstem is derived from ex vivo dissection and histology studies. However, these methods cannot be applied to study structural architecture in live human participants. Tractography from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide valuable insights about white matter organization within the brainstem in vivo. However, this method presents technical challenges in vivo due to susceptibility artifacts, functionally dense anatomy, as well as pulsatile and respiratory motion. To investigate the limits of MR tractography, we present results from high angular resolution diffusion imaging of an intact excised human brainstem performed at 11.1 T using isotropic resolution of 0.333, 1, and 2 mm, with the latter reflecting resolution currently used clinically. At the highest resolution, the dense fiber architecture of the brainstem is evident, but the definition of structures degrades as resolution decreases. In particular, the inferred corticopontine/corticospinal tracts (CPT/CST), superior (SCP) and middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), and medial lemniscus (ML) pathways are clearly discernable and follow known anatomical trajectories at the highest spatial resolution. At lower resolutions, the CST/CPT, SCP, and MCP pathways are artificially enlarged due to inclusion of collinear and crossing fibers not inherent to these three pathways. The inferred ML pathways appear smaller at lower resolutions, indicating insufficient spatial information to successfully resolve smaller fiber pathways. Our results suggest that white matter tractography maps derived from the excised brainstem can be used to guide the study of the brainstem architecture using diffusion MRI in vivo.
Secondary Structural Elements of the HCV X-region Involved in Viral Replication

Background and Aims The noncoding regions in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome contain secondary structures that are important for replication. The aim of this study was to identify detailed conformational elements of the X-region involved in HCV replication. Methods Ribonucleic acid (RNA) structural analogs X94, X12, and X12c were constructed to have identical conformation but 94%, 12%, and 0% sequence identity, respectively, to the X region of HCV genotype 2a. Effects of structural analogs on replication of HCV genotypes 1b and 2a HCV RNA were studied by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results In replicon BB7 cells, a constitutive replication model, HCV RNA levels decreased to 55%, 52%, 53%, and 54% after transfection with expression plasmids generating RNA structural analogs 5B-46, X-94, X-12, and X-12c, respectively (p<0.001 for all). In an HCV genotype 2a infection model, RNA analogs 5B-46, X-94, and X-12 in hepatic cells inhibited replication to 11%, 9%, and 12%, respectively. Because the X-12 analog was only 12% identical to the corresponding sequence of HCV genotype 2a, the sequence per se, or antisense effects were unlikely to be involved. Conclusions The data suggest that conformation of secondary structures in 3′-UTR of HCV RNA genome is required for HCV replication. Stable expression of RNA analogs predicted to have identical stem-loop structures might inhibit HCV infection of hepatocytes in liver and may represent a novel approach to design anti-HCV agents.
of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title Revising the Role of Somatic Markers in the Gambling Task : A Computational Account for Neuropsychological Impairments

In the paper we propose a revision of the Somatic Maker Hypothesis (henceforth SMH: Damasio, 1994). Most of the corroboration for this theory, as well as some contrary results, come from an experimental decision making paradigm known as the Iowa Gambling Task. We analyze the different constituents of the SMH and argue that the discrepancy between the theory predictions and the experiments reported in the literature can be explained by modifying the theory to include a different functional role of somatic markers in high-order cognition. This revised version is in turn related to a different functional interpretation of the orbitofrontal cortex. Within this new framework we describe a detailed computational model that is able to reproduce the original experimental data, and we show that it can also account for the behavior deriving from other neuropsychological impairments.
Assessing Suppression in Amblyopic Children With a Dichoptic Eye Chart

Purpose Suppression has a key role in the etiology of amblyopia, and contrast-balanced binocular treatment can overcome suppression and improve visual acuity. Quantitative assessment of suppression could have a role in managing amblyopia. We describe a novel eye chart to assess suppression in children. Methods We enrolled 100 children (7–12 years; 63 amblyopic, 25 nonamblyopic with strabismus or anisometropia, 12 controls) in the primary cohort and 22 children (3–6 years; 13 amblyopic, 9 nonamblyopic) in a secondary cohort. Letters were presented on a dichoptic display (5 letters per line). Children wore polarized glasses so that each eye saw a different letter chart. At each position, the identity of the letter and its contrast on each eye's chart differed. Children read 8 lines of letters for each of 3 letter sizes. The contrast balance ratio was the ratio at which 50% of letters seen by the amblyopic eye were reported. Results Amblyopic children had significantly higher contrast balance ratios for all letter sizes compared to nonamblyopic children and controls, requiring 4.6 to 5.6 times more contrast in the amblyopic eye compared to the fellow eye (P < 0.0001). Amblyopic eye visual acuity was correlated with contrast balance ratio (r ranged from 0.49–0.57 for the 3 letter sizes). Change in visual acuity with amblyopia treatment was correlated with change in contrast balance ratio (r ranged from 0.43–0.62 for the 3 letter sizes). Conclusions Severity of suppression can be monitored as part of a routine clinical exam in the management of amblyopia in children.
Diffusion Dynamics of Energy Saving Practices in Large Heterogeneous Online Networks

Online social networks are today’s fastest growing communications channel and a popular source of information for many, so understanding their contribution to building awareness and shaping public perceptions of climate change is of utmost importance. Today’s online social networks are composed of complex combinations of entities and communication channels and it is not clear which communicators are the most influential, what the patterns of communication flow are, or even whether the widely accepted two-step flow of communication model applies in this new arena. This study examines the diffusion of energy saving practices in a large online social network across organizations, opinion leaders, and the public by tracking 108,771 communications on energy saving practices among 1,084 communicators, then analyzing the flow of information and influence over a 28 day period. Our findings suggest that diffusion networks of messages advocating energy saving practices are predominantly led by the activities of dedicated organizations but their attempts do not result in substantial public awareness, as most of these communications are effectively trapped in organizational loops in which messages are simply shared between organizations. Despite their comparably significant influential values, opinion leaders played a weak role in diffusing energy saving practices to a wider audience. Thus, the two-step flow of communication model does not appear to describe the sharing of energy conservation practices in large online heterogeneous networks. These results shed new light on the underlying mechanisms driving the diffusion of important societal issues such as energy efficiency, particularly in the context of large online social media outlets.
Inhibitory Effects of Baicalin on the Expression and Activity of CYP3A Induce the Pharmacokinetic Changes of Midazolam in Rats

Baicalin, a flavonoid compound isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been shown to possess antiinflammatory, antiviral, antitumour, and immune regulatory properties. The present study evaluated the potential herb-drug interaction between baicalin and midazolam in rats. Coadministration of a single dose of baicalin (0.225, 0.45, and 0.90 g/kg, i.v.) with midazolam (10 mg/kg, i.v.) in rats resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in clearance (CL) from 25% (P < 0.05) to 34% (P < 0.001) with an increase in AUC0−∞ from 47% (P < 0.05) to 53% (P < 0.01). Pretreatment of baicalin (0.90 g/kg, i.v., once daily for 7 days) also reduced midazolam CL by 43% (P < 0.001), with an increase in AUC0−∞ by 87% (P < 0.01). Multiple doses of baicalin decreased the expression of hepatic CYP3A2 by approximately 58% (P < 0.01) and reduced midazolam 1′-hydroxylation by 23% (P < 0.001) and 4′-hydroxylation by 21% (P < 0.01) in the liver. In addition, baicalin competitively inhibited midazolam metabolism in rat liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data demonstrated that baicalin induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in rats, which might be due to its inhibition of the hydroxylation activity and expression of CYP3A in the liver.